{"text":["No, I think this will be about fact. That's why I added a number of authors and historians to this commission. When these monuments were erected, they were to celebrate but also, I think, to intimidate individuals, as well. They were there to continue to convey what I think is, you know, alternative facts and history. At the end of the day, these individuals defended a time and a purpose that would probably have me and my ancestors in bondage. And that should not go untold.","Some, though, would say this is a cop-out. New Orleans has torn down a number of its Confederate monuments. The city of Charlottesville, Va. , voted to sell its statue of Robert E.  Lee. Why not remove these statues?","Well, first I will say that our monuments commission will obviously listen to all sides. They'll listen to those who think that we may be trying to rewrite history. We're going to listen to people who think that we should remove the monuments. My charge to the commission is to tell the whole truth. For some, this was the third rail in Richmond politics - that you can never touch Monument Avenue. And I think that right now this is an opportunity for us and a responsibility for us to write the next new chapter for the city of Richmond.","Levar Stoney, the Democratic mayor of Richmond, Va.  We've been checking in with him throughout his first year in office. And we will be doing so as the year rolls on. Thank you so much for joining us.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The monuments commission will listen to all sides and tell the whole truth.","questions":"How will the monuments commission approach the issue of the statues?","answer":"Listen"}
{"text":["As the 2018 NFL season begins, professional football is still the most popular spectator sport in America. But it's declined 10 percent in viewership last year and is beset with tough questions about how the game destroys players while it earns billions of dollars and a continuing controversy over players demonstrating their social and political concerns during the national anthem. A sport once considered a source of national unity now inspires divisions.","Mark Leibovich, The New York Times Magazine correspondent who got the goods on official Washington, D. C. , in his bestselling \"This Town,\" has turned his attention to the National Football League - his new book, \"Big Game: The NFL In Dangerous Times. \"He's in our studios. Mark, thanks so much for being with us.","Good to be here, Scott.","I have to ask you a hard news question first. An arbitrator ruled this week Colin Kaepernick's grievance against NFL owners could go to trial. He says NFL owners have been colluding to keep him out of the game. Does this case have what I'll call Mueller-like potential?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Professional football's viewership has declined and the game is controversial, despite its ongoing popularity in America.","questions":"How has professional football been affected despite its popularity in America?","answer":"Declined"}
{"text":["The United Nations, in a new report, paints a picture of just how violent Venezuela has become. The U. N.  human rights chief says security forces have killed nearly 7,000 people over the past year and a half. She says, quote, \"a shockingly high number of these were extrajudicial killings at the hands of what interviewees called death squads. \"All as President Nicolas Maduro has vowed to stay in power.","NPR's Philip Reeves joins us now with more on that report. Philip, can you give us a little more detail on what the U. N.  team found in Venezuela?","Yeah. This takes a very broad look at the crisis in Venezuela over the last year up to this May. But a couple of things really leap out at you. One is the treatment of men and women in detention. The report says people are frequently arbitrarily detained and cites evidence of a variety of forms of torture - routinely used, it says - against prisoners by the intelligence or security services, others a form of punishment or to get them to talk. And that includes electric shocks, suffocation by plastic bags, waterboarding and sexual violence.","And the other striking section concerns those extrajudicial killings you mentioned. The Maduro government says, since the beginning of last year, some 7,000 people were killed in security operations, as you mentioned. And it says this was for resisting authority, as it puts it. But the U. N.  rights team believes many of these may be extrajudicial killings."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The situation in Venezuela is very violent and dangerous.","questions":"Which country is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Venezuela"}
{"text":["One of the things that struck me is some of the comments by some of the women. They don't necessarily see themselves as beautiful. They did not see in themselves the thing that you saw in them. Did you find that to be common?I'm thinking in particular of the sisters from Switzerland with the red hair who said they'd been made fun of as children because of the color of their hair. And you were drawn to them.","During the project, I did realize that women that I photographed were not confident in their way of being. So whenever I posted their picture on my social media, we got a lot of comments and positive reaction from the people. So the women that I photographed, after that, they realized how beautiful they are. That was extraordinary for them and for me because it gives them confidence.","How did this project change you?","I'm much more confident. I'm much more respectful of what the other women in the world have to go through every day because the life is so difficult in so many parts of the world. And this project was a huge gift in my life. And this is why I'm trying to put it out there in the world for people to understand that the world is extremely beautiful. And we should really appreciate everything that's happening in our life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Posting their pictures on social media helped the women gain confidence","questions":"Which social media platform did the photographer use to post the women's pictures?","answer":"Social"}
{"text":["Oh wow, so that's what is actually creating that plaque?","Right, so if you can knock out its activity without - of course that's the other question is, what's the downside of it?These are the things we don't know and will take years of testing. But that would be a truly extraordinary way of being able to prevent heart disease.","But you know what?It's never going to be that you have to - that you can't take care of yourself, and you rely on a vaccine or take a medicine. There's always going to be, you know, some interplay between these things.","Thank you, Dr.  Topol, for joining us today."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The statement implies that vaccine and medicine goes together in prevent heart disease.","questions":"How are vaccine and medicine interplayed in preventing heart disease?","answer":"Interplay."}
{"text":["Only 34 percent of the voters went to the polls this week. Isn't that usually the kind of election in which a well-financed campaign with a good ground campaign is supposed to win?","That's the way it's been rigged for years. For years, the reason Chicago had a municipal election - not a primary - and put it in February when people were too frozen to leave their homes was to guarantee the installation - or reinstallation - of the incumbent. So this goes against all of that conventional wisdom.","Still, Mayor Emanuel just has to get another five percent of the vote. Does this runoff on April 7 look like a real election now?","Yes, it does. And the reason it does is that it's not the only activity and sort of fire burning in the city. We have a record number of runoffs. As you know, we have 50 aldermen. Nineteen of them didn't make it directly into a victory. They are going to runoffs, and they are the insurgents. They are the so-called progressives. They're the people that Emanuel's forces formed a PAC to try to reduce the numbers of. And so there's a lot of activity in wards, and it all speaks to this overall issue of voter discontent."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) A: \"That's the way it's been rigged for years.\" - The actual meaning is that the system has been intentionally manipulated or controlled in favor of certain individuals or groups for a long time, rather than simply describing a physical or mechanical rigging.","questions":"How has the election system been intentionally manipulated for years?","answer":"Manipulated"}
{"text":["So when we think of plays like \"Romeo And Juliet,\" quite often they mention - well, in particular \"Romeo And Juliet\" - it mentions nightingales and particularly larks. And indeed would make the sound of a lark. So found - in any other context you could just say, oh, it's a (unintelligible). But found in this context, there's a possibility that it was used, as you say, as a special effect during performance.","Oh, my word. What else have you found that'd we'd enjoy hearing about?","We're just starting to find things that may have been used by actors or the audience - things like clay pipes or hair combs and the old coin.","What will become of the Curtain when you're done?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"What will become of the Curtain when you're done?\" - This question is not about the physical fate of the curtain, but rather about the future of the theater itself. The Curtain was the name of a famous theater in Shakespeare's time, so the question is really asking what will happen to the theater once the research project is completed.","questions":"How is the question in turn 3 related to the research project? (Answer: Theater)","answer":"Theater"}
{"text":["One thing in the filing that might undercut that is a detail where she had booked a hotel room with the company card in Washington, D. C. , for an event. She changed her travel plans so that she was no longer coming for the entire time. And one of the nights in the hotel room that she had booked, Duncan Hunter went and had a tryst with one of the individuals that he was having an affair with in the hotel room that she had booked. So her knowledge about all the spending that was being done doesn't necessarily add up with what his theory is for the defense.","What's next in this trial?And in the meantime, is there any sign that Duncan Hunter would consider resigning?","He has not shown any interest in resigning. We haven't seen that. Right now it's on pace to go to trial in September. It's possible there will be a plea deal before then. It's not looking great for Hunter. But that being said, there's very little chance that any plea deal would not involve any jail time, so of course he would have to resign. He won reelection last year and seems very much focused on getting past this, so we will find out.","That's KPBS reporter Max Rivlin-Nadler reporting from San Diego. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The woman who booked a hotel room with the company card did not know about the affair, which contradicts Hunter's defense theory.","questions":"How does the woman's hotel booking contradict Hunter's defense theory?","answer":"Contradicts"}
{"text":["Aw. We mentioned that you worked for President George W.  Bush, who advised John McCain. In your circle of friends, people there at the Hoover Institution - without violating any any confidences - your friends and colleagues - is your opinion widely held or are people who ordinarily would support the Republican candidate talking about voting for Hillary Clinton?","I think this is a real time of crisis for Republicans. It's hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Donald Trump. And it's very hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Hillary Clinton. In fact, I would have indulged the luxury of writing in one of my terrific nephews for president if I hadn't seen that the polls during the British referendum were off by 12 points. And my concern that (inaudible) be accurate, and everybody's vote's actually going to count this election.","Kori Schake is a research fellow at the Hoover Institution. She joined us by Skype. Thanks very much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Many of my friends are in a difficult position deciding whether to vote for Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton.","questions":"What is the current dilemma of many of PersonA's friends regarding the presidential candidates?","answer":"Dilemma"}
{"text":["Well, it has been a conversation where I think the most important point in the conversation is to get the average Californian to understand that this fiscal crisis is different. And so interacting with people number one, to inform them about the crisis, to talk to them about the impact of cutting education and cutting healthcare, what that means to their daily lives. For example, 800,000 children might have to go without health insurance. Thirty thousand teachers might be laid off unless we are able to close the gap in a way where we bring money to the table, we don't just try to close the gap through cutting programs. Then that's, you know, most important.","What about race relations?And I don't just mean, you know, do we all get along?I mean. . .","We don't.","I mean the long term ability of California to synthesize its role as the biggest diverse state in America and set a path that is hopeful for other parts of the country."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Race relations are a critical issue in California","questions":"How would you describe the main focus of PersonB's question?","answer":"Race."}
{"text":["Well - and now they'll get $25 million, right?","I guess.","NPR's Ina Jaffe, thanks so much for being with us.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of turn 3 is \"Thank you for joining us and providing information on the topic.\" ","questions":"Which turn expresses gratitude towards the speaker for providing information on the topic?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["Now, there are a handful of things we know about the narrator of your book, Alice Hare. She's a philosophy graduate. She's adopted. She has complicated relationships with her adoptive and her birth relations. And she is obsessed with a slightly older woman, a Japanese writer called Mizuko Himura. So could you sort of pick it up from there?","I think you're totally right in saying that she is completely obsessed with this older woman. And I think part of the reason why that happens is because her own story is very dim. And in place of any sort of certainty about who she is or where she comes from or what her own origin story might be, she starts to fixate on this woman who, for her, is this mixture of some parallels that she perceives between them, but equally quite a lot, I think, of wishful thinking and this sort of imaginary bond she assumes them to share.","Now, Alice's relationship to Mizuko in real life is a creation, right?I mean, she's done all this research. She's googled all over the place.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : implies that Alice's own story is uncertain and she is looking for a connection that she wishes to share with Mizuko.","questions":"What is Alice's obsession in the book?","answer":"Obsession"}
{"text":["Exactly.","OK.  Go on. So after two weeks, what happens?","Well, she defies the ban. And as she was docking in the port, the ship rammed a small police boat that was blocking her - caused some damage, but no injuries. But she was arrested, and she was charged with what prosecutors actually claim was an act of war. Rackete also faces charge of abetting illegal immigration, and the NGO could face a fine of up to $57,000.","What does she say - the captain?Does she say, I was just - I needed to dock the ship?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Go on\" implies to proceed talking, to elaborate on the topic being spoken of","questions":"Which word implies to proceed talking and to elaborate on the topic being spoken of?","answer":"Go"}
{"text":["Well, it has been a conversation where I think the most important point in the conversation is to get the average Californian to understand that this fiscal crisis is different. And so interacting with people number one, to inform them about the crisis, to talk to them about the impact of cutting education and cutting healthcare, what that means to their daily lives. For example, 800,000 children might have to go without health insurance. Thirty thousand teachers might be laid off unless we are able to close the gap in a way where we bring money to the table, we don't just try to close the gap through cutting programs. Then that's, you know, most important.","What about race relations?And I don't just mean, you know, do we all get along?I mean. . .","We don't.","I mean the long term ability of California to synthesize its role as the biggest diverse state in America and set a path that is hopeful for other parts of the country."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Race relations are a critical issue in California","questions":"What is a major concern for the long-term ability of California?","answer":"Race."}
{"text":["Dina, if this is ISIS, which it seems to be, this seems a real departure for a group - a large-scale terrorist attack against an international target. They've never done that before.","Right, I mean, when ISIS first began to rise, one of the things that counterterrorism officials were really worried about was that ISIS and al-Qaida would begin to compete for the world's attention and they would do that with spectacular attacks against the West. For months, U. S.  counterterrorism officials have said that al-Qaida was the biggest threat against the United States. I think that changed last night. Everyone I was talking to was convinced that the sophistication of the attacks that Eleanor was talking about - suicide belts, explosions, simultaneous targets - and the similarity to Mumbai clearly pointed to an al-Qaida-linked group. They didn't think ISIS had the organizational ability to pull off something like this. And now it seems they clearly do. And President Obama said yesterday that the ISIS threat was contained. This makes it seem that perhaps it isn't.","And I guess we should remind ourselves, just a few days ago ISIS was also linked to the downing of a Russian airliner near Sharm el-Sheikh.","Exactly. I mean, officials said they're 99. 9 percent sure that ISIS managed to put a bomb on that plane. U. S.  officials haven't been allowed to analyze the forensic evidence on the ground there. But they did have a satellite image of the plane that suggested, from the photograph of the image, a military-grade explosive brought it down. So again, that suggests things have really changed here.","Do you know where the investigation goes from here?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"a real departure\" - this phrase means that something is different from what is expected or what has been done before, rather than referring to a physical departure or leaving.","questions":"Which phrase in turn 0 describes something that is different from what is expected or what has been done before?","answer":"Real-departure"}
{"text":["Is there any such thing as truly pure water from any source, bottled or tap?","Well, it's called distilled water, sure. It ends up actually not tasting very good. It's funny actually - for Aquafina and Dasani and actually the major bottled water brands, that's actually tap water that is passed through very fine filters. It's called reverse osmosis. And then the water actually is too clean to taste good. So, in the industry they call it pixie dust - they put some minerals actually back into the water to improve the taste.","So, clean water tastes bad.","Well, I mean, what's clean water, right?I mean, the water that we have out of our tap is clean. The water that we have out of bottled water is clean, right?The question is do you want water that has no contaminants in it all, which would be distilled, or water that's safe to drink?And the fact is we could certainly treat water if we wanted to, to the point where there's nothing in it, but we wouldn't be willing to pay the cost."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"So, clean water tastes bad.\" The speaker is not suggesting that clean water always tastes bad, but rather making a statement based on the previous speaker's explanation that excessively purified water (i.e. distilled water) can have a less appealing taste. The implied meaning is that excessively purified water can have a less appealing taste, not that all clean water tastes bad.","questions":"What is the PersonA's response to the idea that excessively purified water can have a less appealing taste?","answer":"Ingenuity"}
{"text":["No. But what about the misinformation campaign that we keep discovering more about, hacking, what seems to be just a lot of Russian involvement on a lot of different fronts?Why - what is the Russian interest in causing unrest or consternation in the United States or Western Europe?","Well, actually, I think that causing unrest and consternation is an end in itself. And part of it - part of the goa; is psychological. You know, all of us are interested in seeing our worldviews affirmed. And Russia's worldview - the Russian - the contemporary Russian ideology is that the whole world is rotten. Everybody is corrupt. Everything is for sale. Elections and the United States are just as rigged as they are in Russia. And so sowing the kind of disruption that Russia is sowing first and foremost pursues the goal of affirming that view.","Much of your book is devoted to the stories of four Russians who'd hoped that when the Soviet Union came undone, free speech and democracy would take hold. What happened instead?","Well, actually, those four Russians were much too young to hope for anything when the Soviet Union collapsed. They were preschoolers or kindergarteners when the Soviet Union collapsed. But what happened - and I was interested in them because they came of age - you know, they - or they became human beings in the 1990s, a period that is variously portrayed as a flowering of democracy or as a period of chaos and, you know, robber barons and that sort of thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) the implied meaning of \"sowing disruption\" is that Russia is attempting to spread confusion and uncertainty","questions":"What is the primary goal of sowing disruption according to A?","answer":"Psychological"}
{"text":["I mean there's no logic to what he does. There's no way to anticipate what he's going to do. Often, what he ends up doing defies logic, defies everybody's expectations, defies explanation.","When you hear this from people who've been around the president, is there a but anywhere?Do they say, I love this man, but?","There used to be. Remember - so I've done - this is my second book. This is effectively a sequel. I've spent the last three years pretty much non-stop talking about Donald Trump. And there used to be buts. There are no buts now. I might make a reservation for some of the most sycophantic people around him. But even they, if you push them a little, get to the vile and ludicrous pretty quickly.","I'm thinking of a description attributed to a former senior White House official, Steve Bannon, describing the president the United States and the president of Russia, Putin and Trump, quote, \"two narcissistic, cult leader-type presidents. Both had populist talents, yet both were ultimately out for their own benefit. \"And then a key line here, I think - of the two, Putin was the far cleverer one. It sounds like even Steve Bannon, who did so much to promote the president's career, doesn't seem to think he's very bright."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Even the most sycophantic people around the president think he's vile and ludicrous.","questions":"What do even the most sycophantic people around the president think of him?","answer":"Vile"}
{"text":["Nick Vlahos, the Peoria Journal Star columnist, points out that in 2015, ConAgra Foods moved its headquarters from Omaha to Chicago. He thinks many executives of what's become a world agricultural industry jet around the globe and just want to live somewhere else, he wrote this week. How are you going to keep them down on the farm after they've seen Kuala Lumpur?","Caterpillar will continue to employ about 12,000 people in Peoria, although Nick Vlahos asks, after all the happy horse pucks the company has propagated about its commitment to Peoria, does anybody believe that?But 300 people, executives and support staff will leave town. In one stroke, Peoria will lose many of the people who help enrich a city's institutions.","I hope Caterpillar's executives will enjoy Chicago's many museums, theaters, symphonies, ballets, sports teams and restaurants in all of the flavors of the world. But who will now buy box seats to cheer the Peoria Chiefs or support the Peoria Symphony - now in the middle of its season - the Peoria Children's Museum, the Corn Stalk Summer Theatre, the Peoria Zoo, the Players Theater - now performing \"Into The Woods\" - and the Peoria Riverfront Museum and its huge glass tank filled with silvery striper, trout, walleye and channel catfish from the Illinois River?","(Singing) Yes, I'm proud to live in Peoria."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : is implying that Caterpillar's commitment to Peoria may not be as strong as they suggested;","questions":"How does Nick Vlahos question Caterpillar's commitment to Peoria?","answer":"Commitment"}
{"text":["Now, what about the bloggers who are, you know, in our camp. What story are they hitting?","Well, in the Democratic side, among bloggers, the Web site Blogpolls, which measure these trends, posted about Hillary Clinton outnumbered blog post about Barack Obama, leading up to last weekend, South Carolina primary. And interestingly, on January 24th, two days before the voting started in South Carolina, posts about Bill Clinton spiked and they equal the numbers of posts about Barack Obama. But after he won in South Carolina, post about Obama spiked and he's been the most blogged about candidate ever since. Now, on the Republican side, John McCain has been and is the most blogged about candidate.","What about on News and Views, our own blog?","Well, lot of issues people are talking about. They run the spectrum. They're talking about Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick's text message scandal, suggesting an affair with his female chief of staff, which could lead to perjury charges. We called it textual healing on our blog."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the bloggers on News and Views referred to the scandal involving the Detroit mayor's text messages as \"textual healing.\" However, the implied meaning is that the bloggers are using a humorous or ironic phrase to refer to a serious and potentially damaging scandal. The phrase \"textual healing\" is a play on words on the song \"Sexual Healing\" by Marvin Gaye and suggests that the scandal is being trivialized or made light of.","questions":"How did the bloggers refer to the scandal involving the Detroit mayor's text messages?","answer":"Textual"}
{"text":["Yeah. This is, again, completely innovative. You know, part of the problem that we have with tall buildings is building them all out of glass and then having to go to gymnastics to kind of cover them up on the outside, and we see that in America. But in intense solar environments like the desert, it makes even less sense.","This is an innovative way to control this. It actually, to my knowledge, for the first time creates this skin on the outside made up of, you know, hundreds of modules, which can open and close by computer control, depending on the angle of incident sun. So if the sun's on the other side of the building, the modules open up and allow natural daylight into the space. And if the sun is incident on the building, then those modules close up and block the sun from entering.","Is what makes a tall building great the ability to actually look like it fits in with the rest of the buildings in the neighborhood or the culture of the people?","I believe so. That's - you know, as a professor, that's the thing that I advocate. I believe that a Chinese tall building or a, you know, an American tall building or a Middle Eastern tall building should be different to each other in the same way that, you know, religious and other architecture is clearly identifiable."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"creates this skin on the outside\" - This is a metaphorical expression that refers to the outer facade or surface of the building, rather than a literal skin.","questions":"How does the building create shade?","answer":"Modules"}
{"text":["This is Day to Day from NPR News. I'm Alex Cohen. Today, federal marshals continued their search for a 38-year-old man from Indiana. They believe Marcus Schrenker faked a distress call while flying his single engine plane over Alabama shortly before he parachuted out of it. The plane later crashed in a swamp 200 miles away in Florida.","Schrenker is an investment manager, and it appears he was in some financial difficulty. With more now, we're joined by business reporter Jeff Swiatek, who joins us from the newsroom of the Indianapolis Star. Jeff, welcome to the program. And could you tell us why federal marshals are assuming this distress call was fake?","Well, I guess all the evidence seems to point that way. His distress call mentioned an imploded windscreen on his airplane. When they scrambled some military jets to check out the plane, the windshield was still intact, and the wreckage on the ground also indicates the windshield is intact.","So Schrenker parachutes out of this plane. Do they know where he went after that?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Schrenker's distress call was fabricated and he left the plane intentionally","questions":"What did Schrenker fake during his distress call?","answer":"Windscreen"}
{"text":["It's really interesting. You know, they've been involved on and off in sort of smaller ways. But you know, they put out a press release. They're filing lawsuits. There's a lot of speculation as to why now. Some of it may be just they feel like these laws have finally gone too far. Some of it may be there's a woman president of the AMA and a woman past president and there'll be a woman president next year. For a group that's long been older, whiter and more male, that's changing.","So what kind of stance had they taken in the past?","Well, the AMA has been kind of everywhere on abortion. The AMA in the late 1800s led the fight to make abortion illegal in the United States. That was part of their effort to sort of centralize power over the medical profession. They wanted to get rid of unlicensed practitioners like midwives, who had traditionally been involved with women's reproductive health. And they really didn't change that position until just before Roe v.  Wade. And even when Roe v.  Wade happened, the effort to liberalize abortion laws in the U. S.  was really led by the legal profession, not by the medical profession.","You reached out to the American Medical Association - seems like maybe they're not so comfortable with this new stance. Can you tell us what you learned?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : on and off means in this context that they are doing something then not doing something","questions":"Which term describes the AMPersonA's past stance on abortion?","answer":"Illegal"}
{"text":["So they set up a system of community courts - without lawyers - to sort of repurpose a system that really had only been used for small claims mitigation in traditional Rwanda, called gacaca, and have open, communal - what we might call a town hall - format for trials. And then the idea was to hold people accountable and have a system of punishment. And this system banked very heavily on encouraging confession and rewarding it. But the confessions were supposed to be also verified by the community.","And what was the specific role of the victims or their surviving family members?They had to be there. And then, after verifying a certain account, were they expected to then make a public state of forgiveness or reconciliation?","They weren't necessarily in a position to verify. Many of them knew that so-and-so was always said to have killed their family members. But they weren't direct witnesses because, by virtue of their survival, that usually meant that they were either somewhere else or well-hidden or had escaped or. . .","Not present, yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Survivors of the genocide did not have direct knowledge of the crimes committed against their family members.","questions":"What did survivors lack about the crimes committed against their family members?","answer":"Direct"}
{"text":["He had a very utopian view of how computers would change work, but he had also a kind of warning. He had a very utopian view of how computers would change work, but he had also a kind of warning.","That's computer scientist Eugene Fiume of Simon Fraser University. That's computer scientist Eugene Fiume of Simon Fraser University. Fiume says that despite his concern about the need for rapid re-education, Asimov was an optimist in his predictions. Fiume says that despite his concern about the need for rapid re-education, Asimov was an optimist in his predictions.","What he predicted was that computers themselves would allow people to become researchers and scientists and artists - this idea of replacing that low-level intellectual work and allowing people to improve themselves by looking at higher level intellectual work. What he predicted was that computers themselves would allow people to become researchers and scientists and artists - this idea of replacing that low-level intellectual work and allowing people to improve themselves by looking at higher level intellectual work.","It's hard to say how many laid-off factory workers have moved on to pick up paintbrushes, but Fiume says that Asimov's 1983 essay envisions how, left to their own devices. . . It's hard to say how many laid-off factory workers have moved on to pick up paintbrushes, but Fiume says that Asimov's 1983 essay envisions how, left to their own devices. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asimov was optimistic in his predictions despite his concerns.","questions":"What was Asimov's view on the impact of computers on intellectual work?","answer":"Optimist"}
{"text":["The numbers you've tossed around show you how expensive. People have been able to do experiments. They've found all kinds of really interesting possibly valuable properties, but nothing, no industry is really going to start until they can make enough of this stuff cheaply to use it.","Until now, most of the ways of making it started with this first step: Get some really pure, really expensive chemicals that you're going to mix in and do the next stuff. Huge expense. What Jim Tour down in Houston discovered and showed is that anything that's got carbon in it you can turn into graphene.","And to demonstrate that he meant anything, he did it with Girl Scout cookies. He turned those into graphene. He did it with chocolate. He got some chocolate half-dollar coins. He did it with dog feces from a miniature Dachshund, and he did it with a cockroach leg. And essentially he just got a really big oven, heated it up to about 1,000 degrees C and filled that oven with a little bit of this stuff, the cockroach or the dog feces, whatever, and a sheet of pure copper and a little bit of gas, left it for about 20 minutes, and viola, he'd made little bits of really high-quality graphene.","Wow."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Numbers tossed around implies that they did some calculations for the cost","questions":"What was the first step in making graphene according to PersonA in turn 1?","answer":"Pure"}
{"text":["Well, we don't have a clear answer on that. That's not something that either side is answering in black and white. But the unusual nature of this information sharing certainly raises that question again with Manafort. And Manafort of course does face the possibility of spending the rest of his life in prison with the conviction in Virginia and then the plea deal in Washington. And the president certainly didn't do anything this week to try to head off talk of a possible pardon.","No, he - in fact, he said that's still on the table. Why should I take it off the table, right?","Exactly. exactly.","And a March 5 sentencing date for Paul Manafort, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"raises that question again with Manafort\" - The literal meaning is that the unusual nature of information sharing raises a question about Manafort. The actual meaning could be that the information sharing suggests Manafort may have information about the president that could lead to a pardon.","questions":"How does the unusual nature of information sharing raise a question about Manafort?","answer":"Pardon"}
{"text":["The administration position, as I alluded to, is that the number of migrant children apprehended crossing the border without a parent or guardian is at all-time record highs, that this is an emergency situation and that they're having to process so many children that they are out of money for everything which is not - and I'll quote - \"directly necessary for the protection of life and safety. \"What is your response?","Well, I'd argue that legal counsel is often an issue of life and safety for these children. They have fled horrific, violent conditions in their home countries. And an order of deportation without the opportunity of due process could mean a threat to their life and safety. When we're talking about the numbers of children coming in here, while the numbers may be higher, they're not that substantially higher than they were in 2014. And we were able to continue and actually expand services.","In your view, is this move legal?I mean, is the U. S.  obligated by law to provide these services for unaccompanied minors in federal shelters here?","Absolutely. The Trafficking Victims Protection Act mandates that children be provided with Know-Your-Rights presentations and legal screenings when they are in the custody of ORR."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The number of migrant children crossing the border is a crisis, and they are out of funds for non-essential expenses.","questions":"Which act mandates that children be provided with Know-Your-Rights presentations and legal screenings when they are in the custody of ORR?","answer":"Trafficking"}
{"text":["So I've started shifting to doing a lot more interviews, which I love, and just stories about the major cases that are happening at the Supreme Court right now or that they're going to hear. And that's kind of what the other kids who've joined the blog have been doing as well. And I'm so psyched to have them on. I have five other teenagers who are all just so smart and passionate about the Court. It's been very cool to make friends who are my age who have the same kind of fanaticism that I do.","Why should young people be interested in the Supreme Court?I mean, what's your pitch to them?","High schoolers should care because the Supreme Court is enormously influential in our society. It makes decisions that affect where we can live, what rights we have when we're arrested, who we can marry, how much power a president has and so many other things, I couldn't list them on here. It really matters, so I think that high schoolers should get in the habit of paying attention, just as they might keep up with President Trump's tweets or a contentious Senate debate because it'll serve them well to be civically engaged and to know their rights.","And when you tell that to them, do they listen?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person is happy, engaged, and hopeful by having teenagers on the blog.","questions":"Which emotion is being conveyed by the person in turn 0?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["So I think that the Barack Obama, of course, then has a political legitimacy that neither of those gentlemen had because he's a United States senator elected to represent a district and serve a quarter of people. And yet, he's a charismatic figure as well, creating a sense of movement among the millions who now acclaim him as the best thing that happened to American politics since Jack Kennedy.","So Barack Obama has claimed the unique space within the context of American political destiny and has joined the charismatic authority that attends black messianic figures who become leaders in black America, as well as the quest for political legitimacy that transcends black communities. Because he's not just representing black people; he's representing white people and Latino people, and Asian people. He's representing Americans. And so he's taking it to yet another level in pioneering an even different path than the one blazed by Martin Luther King Jr.  or Jessie Jackson and, to a certain degree, Al Sharpton.","Well, Michael Eric Dyson, thank you.","Thank you very kindly, Farai."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"creating a sense of movement among the millions who now acclaim him as the best thing that happened to American politics since Jack Kennedy.\" - This implies that Barack Obama has generated a significant amount of enthusiasm and support from a large number of people, which goes beyond his role as a senator and his political legitimacy.","questions":"How did Barack Obama's charisma affect the people?","answer":"Enthusiasm"}
{"text":["We should explain that money is not an issue. More than 80,000 people have donated to a fundraising campaign to support the Gard family. Why do you feel this case has drawn such, at this point, international attention?","I think it has sparked outrage because it gets down to the point of whose child is Charlie?Does Charlie belong to the state, or does Charlie belong to his parents?And if he belongs to his parents, then they should be given the right - and not the government, not the hospital, not the courts - to decide Charlie's fate because the moment they turn off the ventilator, he's going to die.","Would a life spent on a ventilator be worth living?","From the Christian perspective, yes because every single human life is valuable. His life has meaning. And if his parents want to increase and prolong and give him the best chance possible, the hospital has no right to step in the role of the parents to try to give their son the best chance possible."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning, however, is emphasizing the importance of honoring the parents' decision and questioning the hospital's interference in the parents' role and their desire to provide Charlie with the best possible care and chance for survival.","questions":"Which role does the hospital interfere in?","answer":"Parents"}
{"text":["Yeah. Yeah, I was. I got given \"The Hobbit\" to read on the set of \"About A Boy,\" actually - by the directors, the Weitz brothers. So I read that then and really loved it, obviously. It's a magical world to disappear into. And then I was a fan of the films. They came out when - I think I was about 13, 14.","Exact age when this is the good stuff to be reading and watching.","Oh, I was prime, yeah, for that.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : I was prime, meaning I was the ideal age to appreciate and enjoy the book.","questions":"Which age was ideal?","answer":"Prime"}
{"text":["And how did this start?","Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story. And then I would write the story. And then I would send it to him. And I'd give him a first line. And he would start a story. And he would send that back to me. And we did that. And so we decided that we'd open that up to the rest of the world.","How many stories do you typically get?","We run between 300 and 450 submissions in issue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story.\" - This turn has a literal meaning and it explains how the idea of the literary magazine was born and how they came up with the concept of exchanging first lines to create stories.","questions":"Which literary journal did they think of starting 20 years ago?","answer":"Story"}
{"text":["It took a toll on my self-confidence, my decision making. I think he preyed on the fact that I was very naive. And so for me as being a powerful person, having gone and believed in myself and gotten to the \"Today\" show and had all of these people, producers, talent believing in me - and then he only seeing the physical side of me and only wanting that out of me. It shattered my confidence. So I couldn't focus on my job at all as I was trying to start my journalism career.","Since you went public with what happened, has anyone at NBC reached out to you?","I have not heard one peep from anyone in management at NBC. Of course, I have heard from several colleagues, staffers at the \"Today\" show who I knew and used to work with - Ann Curry, dear, dear friend of mine - but no one from management. Nobody has called to ask me questions about how it happened and what our communication for the last 17 years - how we've managed it.","Do you have confidence that NBC can really change its culture with that being true - what you just said - that they haven't even reached out to you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The management at NBC did not reach out to the speaker despite their public testimony of harassment.","questions":"Which company's management did not reach out to the speaker after their public testimony of harassment?","answer":"NBC"}
{"text":["Is this - does this - this explanation of how it works, does this offer you and other scientists an opportunity to study other materials or find out other ways things might work and become semiconductors?","Absolutely. I think the reason we were able to figure it out is because we have these very powerful probes like this very high-energy, very powerful X-ray source and these supercomputers where we were able to look at the atomic level of how the atoms are arranged and when they're arranged in a certain way why they exhibit this behavior.","And we can try and reproduce that in other materials and maybe even enhance it in design from the bottom up, new types of materials that have very strange properties.","And I think it's quite fascinating the tools that you use. One of the tools you used was an aerodynamic levitation furnace. It sounds like out of a science fiction movie."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It's a high level concept but it's exaggeration to say that it's fictional.","questions":"What was the tool used in the experiment?","answer":"Aerodynamic"}
{"text":["Yeah. They say that he's the fastest pitcher there ever was. It's just he really couldn't find home plate. I mean, some of the stories you learn about this guy, it reads like fiction. When he was - I think this is around 1960. He's pitching in the minor leagues, and he pitched so fast he ripped the man's ear off.","Oh.","Yeah.","And Steve Dalkowski didn't make it to the Hall of Fame because. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of (2) is a simple expression of surprise, while the implied meaning is that the speaker is in awe of Steve Dalkowski's remarkable ability.","questions":"What is the PersonA's emotional state towards Steve Dalkowski's ability?","answer":"Awe"}
{"text":[". . . Positions. What will you be looking for, Danielle?","You're right. They back a lot of the same policies - like \"Medicare for All,\" a $15 minimum wage, that sort of thing. And so they have some basic, similar ideas on economics. They both talk about inequality a lot, for example. So one big thing I'm going to look for is just what, if any, daylight emerges between them on some of these really big issues. But aside from that, I'm going to be watching their rhetoric because they do talk about their ideas in different ways.","Elizabeth Warren, for example, tends to talk about how she likes capitalism, but she thinks it needs some major, major fixing. Bernie Sanders, of course, considers himself a democratic socialist, so that's one way they might clash. But aside from that, they tend to frame their ideas in different ways. Bernie Sanders frames his stump speech as being about big, overarching goals about revolution. He brings in these big national inequality statistics over time and says these things need to change. And his supporters love that. Now, Warren, on the other hand, has branded herself in a different way. You may have heard her slogan by now, the. . .","She has a plan."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to look for something in this context means they are trying to see if something will happen","questions":"Which verb describes what PersonA is going to do to see if there is any difference between the candidates' ideas on economics?","answer":"Watch"}
{"text":["Well, we - it seemed that this is something that happened fairly recently. Dan Coats had been at odds with the president, seemed like he might be on the way out. So that part of it wasn't such a surprise. And there were reports that Ratcliffe did meet with the president a couple of weeks ago, so he had sort of caught the president's attention. And then Ratcliffe was a very sharp critic of Robert Mueller, suggesting that Mueller had overstepped his bounds in the sort of televised hearing when Mueller went up to Capitol Hill.","So some are saying that almost was sort of an audition for this job because, in just a few days later, the president tweeted that Dan Coats was out and Ratcliffe was in. And then today the president has tweeted again saying, John Ratcliffe is being treated very unfairly by the lame-stream (ph) media. And rather than go through months of slander and libel, he's decided to stay in Congress.","What does this mean for the intelligence community?","Well, we'll find out. Dan Coats is still scheduled to leave the job on August 15. Now, by statute, the deputy, Sue Gordon, who's very highly respected - spent well over 30 years in the intelligence community; widely known, widely respected - she's supposed to take over on an interim basis, but it hasn't happened yet. And just within the past hour, Trump said that he might choose her on an interim basis but didn't commit to it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to be at odds means that you disagree with someone and argue about it","questions":"How was Ratcliffe a critic of Robert Mueller?","answer":"Sharp."}
{"text":["Sounds like if you could meet with the president again, you would tell him the same thing you told him last time.","That's exactly right. Matter of fact, obviously that was the announcement there, but he was heading to Japan. And in the Oval Office, I said, Mr.  President, we need a trade agreement with Japan. We're losing market share there right now because others are entering that market at a lower tariff rate than what we are. Canada is taking our market share that we worked hard to earn. And the longer this goes on, the more harm it is. It's going to be the more difficult force to be able to regain. And so, Mr.  President, when you're talking to Abe, please let's get back into have a free trade agreement with Japan.","Is it frustrating though that you would have to tell them the same thing again when you thought less than two weeks ago you had a fix?","Well, compared to me not planting my corn, it's not that frustrating. So - but, you know, I think you've got to be understanding that on the rural playing field that yes, there are other issues. We can be patient. We know that - I would have a tendency to agree that there is unfair trade practices in other areas, and those need to be addressed. To a certain effect, we're getting sideswiped because it's not our product. It is what it is, but I think we need those that - we are true believers in free and fair trade. And so we want that in all sectors of society."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker wants the President to negotiate a new trade agreement with Japan","questions":"Which country does the speaker want to have a trade agreement with?","answer":"Japan"}
{"text":["Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning.","And what about the value of closed-door sessions?Jared Kushner, the president's son-in-law and top adviser, met with the committee behind closed doors this week. What's the value of that to the committee even as it frustrates the public a bit?","Well, there are pluses and minuses to it. It's best if it's a preparation for a public session. Committee staff, for example, will do a behind-closed-doors questioning very thoroughly and minutely using documents in a way that you don't see so much in a public session. So it can be good preparation. It's also, in this particular situation, it's possible that there's a mixture of classified and non-classified material and you sort that out during the behind-closed-doors.","It sounds like you're describing a dress rehearsal or something like that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The literal meaning of this turn is to ask what is the value of closed-door sessions, however the implied meaning is to question the fairness of closed-door sessions to the public.","questions":"What is the implied concern about closed-door sessions?","answer":"fairness"}
{"text":["I did, yes. My dad worked for a nonprofit. And part of the work that he did is he volunteered to visit women in the federal prison camp in Alderson, W. Va.  - women who hadn't received a visit from family or friends in more than a year. And I would often go along with my dad. So as a very young child, I think it was exciting to me because I got to eat candy out of the vending machines. But those experiences stuck with me.","Well, and they come up here?","They do. So I think, you know, when I started writing \"Sugar Run\" and started realizing that my character Jodi had spent a significant amount of her life in prison, those impressions that I formed when I was young came back to me. I specifically remember overhearing my dad speaking with women at the Alderson prison who were soon-to-be released. And later as an adult, I realized just how strong their joy was, you know, to be released, but also their fear of what it meant to make a life on the outside.","Did I hear you say, once I realized my character Jodi had spent all these years in prison?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Sugar Run implies the title of a book and not a running sugar ","questions":"Which word in the dialogue implies that the author is referencing a character from a book?","answer":"Character"}
{"text":["I should remind Americans that, in Britain, the prime minister normally controls the agenda in Parliament. He was blocked yesterday. What was it like to be on the floor for yesterday's vote?","Well, it was exciting. I mean, the chamber the House of Commons - I often take Americans around it. It's very different from Congress or the Senate. It's very confrontational. There are seats facing opposite each other, so you get to shout at each other. But, of course, in this instance, the fight was between people sitting on the same benches. So you kind of shout across at each other. It's also a very small chamber, a very intimate chamber. So in that sense, it adds to the drama.","Well, Prime Minister Johnson said he would expel you rebels from the Conservative Party. Did that happen overnight?Are you no longer a member of the Conservative Party?","Yeah. He's been true to his word. I have lost what we call the whip. So we're not members of the Conservative Parliamentary Party, we're independent MPs, which has been forced on us rather than a choice made by us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The House of Commons is a confrontational environment","questions":"What kind of seats are there in the House of Commons?","answer":"Seats"}
{"text":["Well, he had his archenemy, a man by the name of Julian, who he claimed had tricked him out of this magical cheese that he had made. And so I eventually got around to visiting with Julian and found myself being able to slowly release myself from Ambrosio to tell it.","You took your kids to Guzman a couple of times, and so they also got to know the place and Molinos' family, right?","Yeah. Those are some of the best memories of having done this book. I was in love with our children being young and living forever, and I knew the minute I broke the spell, time would start again. The minute you put an ending on a story, you have to walk out into real life, and, you know, that's where you feel the real losses, and I think that I was probably hiding from that a little bit, too.","Did writing this book, meeting this man, spending time in this place, change you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : :while (4) implies that the speaker was asking if the experience changed the speaker in some way.","questions":"How did the experience impact the speaker?","answer":"Change"}
{"text":["You know, we - we're in constant communication with our states. I know South Carolina has done - and all the states, for that matter - but South Carolina, they've done a very proactive job. North Carolina is really going to amp up the messaging on evacuations. Florida has, and Georgia. So, you know, we will be able to tell what those evacuation rates are, obviously working with our state. The states and the locals are the ones that actually call for those evacuations.","Right now, it seems to be going well, but it always could go better. You know, if you're in a danger or hazard area, you know, I ask you to take those warnings seriously, and evacuate and protect yourself and your family.","Jeff Byard of FEMA, thanks for speaking with us today.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The federal government relies on states to determine when to call for evacuations.","questions":"How does the federal government determine when to call for evacuations?","answer":"States"}
{"text":["Am I wrong to see in this novel a theme that the relics we worship are often no more than making a choice among frauds?","You know, Frederick - he had 19,000 of these things.","Yeah.","You know, everything. Frederick was called Frederick the Wise. This was a very learned man. And you think, well, wait, you know, how could he have really thought this was, you know, the - a strand of Jesus's hair or a piece of straw?And the answer is, I suspect he didn't in his heart of hearts, but his - the overriding theology, if you will, was I think he thought that if relics make people more pious, where's the harm?I'm attracted to that notion. If it - if belief in a, you know, a bone leads you to praying to be a better person - how quickly I descend into truism - where's the harm?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 1)\tB:\tAm I wrong to see in this novel a theme that the relics we worship are often no more than making a choice among frauds? (2)\tA:\tYou know, Frederick - he had 19,000 of these things. (3)\tB:\tYeah. (4)\tA:\tYou know, everything.Frederick was called Frederick the Wise.This was a very learned man.And you think, well, wait, you know, how could he have really thought this was, you know, the - a strand of Jesus's hair or a piece of straw?And the answer is, I suspect he didn't in his heart of hearts, but his - the overriding theology, if you will, was I think he thought that if relics make people more pious, where's the harm?I'm attracted to that notion.If it - if belief in a, you know, a bone leads you to praying to be a better person - how quickly I descend into truism - where's the harm?  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1) Please choose a confidence score ( marks how confidence you are that there is implied meaning in this turn ) :   4 : You are not sure whether everybody will agree that this turn has implied meanings but you believe that most of them will Please write a implied meaning ( More than 8 words! ) :  Write reason here.","questions":"Which Wise?","answer":"The"}
{"text":["I mean, race is all throughout this conversation in the way people think about it and who the actual players are literally in this case. So Shaun Harper, who is a scholar on diversity in higher education at USC, said that, you know, many of the schools in the Power Five were either officially or effectively segregated for most of their histories. And that has really tangible consequences for the way campus life looks. And so these are conceived as white spaces. Their fan bases are white. Their alumni bases are white. Their cultural spaces are white. And so black students will be players in football and basketball. They'll be on the court and the field but they won't be in the stands.","So you're saying black people will be players. What do those demographics look like?","So most of the players in the money sports, in football and basketball at the Power Five schools, are black. So 56 percent of the basketball players - men's basketball players - are black. Fifty-five percent of the football players are black. But 2. 4 percent of the students at these schools are black men. And so this is -","Only?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The schools in the Power Five are predominantly white spaces.","questions":"Which sports have the majority of black players at Power Five schools?","answer":"Football,Basketball"}
{"text":["Yeah, so in the final bend, Maximum Security drifted wide into another horse's lane. That caused a domino effect, disrupting the progress of three other horses. Country House's jockey, Flavien Prat, was the one who filed the objection after the race. So three stewards, which are basically, like, referees, reviewed the footage and interviewed the affected jockeys. Eventually, steward Barbara Borden gave a brief statement saying that they unanimously decided to disqualify Maximum Security, then walked away without taking any questions.","Wow, it sounds like a political conference. All right. Has anything like this ever happened before?","So one other horse was stripped of his title after the fact. That was because he essentially failed a drug test back in 1968. But no, this - this was a first. And the outcome of this year's Derby was just so unpredictable. The original horse couldn't even compete. And the second favorite, Maximum Security, lost even though he crossed the finish line first.","All right, so give us the story with Country House briefly. His trainer is named Bill Mott. Did you hear from him?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It was not dominoes but horses that began to fall in the race.","questions":"What caused the disruption of the progress of three other horses?","answer":"Drifted"}
{"text":["All over. I was just meeting with a friend. I had served at the U. S.  Embassy in Mexico. She's here with a group of students and professors. I have just met recently a TV crew from Romania. Another one has come in from Serbia. And, of course, of special note, a number of journalists have come in from Kenya, where there's a very very big interest, obviously, for the roots of the candidate Senator Obama.","Well, tell us, what's drawing the other journalists?What is it that they're so fascinated by?","I think it goes back probably to the caucuses in Iowa in January, and it's just grown. Clearly, as the enthusiasm in the United States has grown, I think a lot of them are focusing on the young people so involved, but in general, the U. S.  public so involved in these elections and in these campaigns. And I think, in part, it is, the U. S.  does remain a certain kind of example in terms of democracy.","Well, I mean, is it fair to say that, were Barack Obama not in this race, there wouldn't be as much interest?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The interest in the U.S. elections is primarily due to Barack Obama's participation.","questions":"What is the main reason for the interest in the U.S. elections?","answer":"Participation"}
{"text":["What should we make of these shocking statistics?","I think to most Alaskans, these statistics aren't surprising. Anyone who lives here knows someone or is themselves a victim of sexual violence. And so this is a reality that Alaskan residents are constantly made aware of.","You say in an opinion piece you wrote for the Anchorage Daily News that 59 percent of women in Alaska say they've been sexually assaulted.","That's right. And it should be noted that, though that number is remarkable, it is likely that that number is also conservative. And we should also note that amongst the 59 percent of Alaska women, 61 percent are Alaska Native, which makes Alaska Native women almost 10 times more likely than other Alaskans to be victims."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Alaska Native women are at a significantly higher risk of being victims of sexual assault.","questions":"How much more likely are Alaska Native women to be victims of sexual assault compared to other Alaskans?","answer":"10"}
{"text":["Well, there's no doubt about that. So the near-Earth asteroids number about 500,000, but we only know of 9,000. And the reason that they're so interesting, Ira, is because they are actually energetically easier to reach than the surface of the moon. So we've been to the moon many times, and the moon is a great place, which is very worthy of our exploration. But just to give you an idea of how close some of the asteroids are, they're easier to reach than our own moon.","Yeah.","So they're not way out there in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. These are. . .","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The actual meaning is that there are only 9,000 known near-Earth asteroids despite there being approximately 500,000 in total.","questions":"Which type of celestial bodies are energetically easier to reach than the moon?","answer":"NearEarthasteroids."}
{"text":["Shelter in place. Stay away from windows. Maybe get in a reinforced room like a bathroom, something with no windows. The building I'm in - we're retreating to the inner corridors right now. And there's a stairwell inside that - we have some kids with us. We're putting the kids in there. We're putting pets in crates in bathrooms - just to get to the safest part of the building you're in. Stay away from the windows. And wait for the winds to go down.","Just to give us a little bit of context, you know, how have the Keys weathered major storms in the past?Is - how does this hurricane fit into the history of Key West and its exposure to storms?","Yet to be seen. But to me, it looks like the most serious one since the 1935 Labor Day hurricane, which was a Category 5. It went across Islamorada. In the upper Keys, it took out the overseas railway, and it killed more than 400 people. So Key West has seen other impacts since then. Wilma, in 2005, sent about a 5, 6-foot storm surge over the islands - and not just U. S. , a lot of the Keys. So that was a pretty serious impact. But nothing like this - not a Category 4.","Nancy Klingener of member station WLRN. We'll be checking in with you, we hope. Please stay safe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.","questions":"How should people prepare for the dangerous situation mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Reinforced"}
{"text":["Right.",". . . And the British Parliament. And British lawmakers are threatening to block it, which, again, means that we're in, you know, a gray zone of not knowing exactly what happens next. The European Parliament is likely to approve it because, again, all of their heads of state will have approved it tomorrow. So I mean, there are still huge, huge. . .","Yeah.",". . . Problems and difficulties ahead for Prime Minister Theresa May."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This statement implies that while the British parliament are having approving a decision, the European parliament are good to go with the approval.","questions":"Which parliament is likely to approve the decision?","answer":"European"}
{"text":["We can say she grew up. She had a daughter of her own who became curious about family secrets kept from both her and her mother for decades. That daughter is Laura Cumming, and she's the author of \"Five Days Gone. \"She joins me now from London.","Laura Cumming, welcome.","Thank you.","Start with the kidnapping, which is absolutely central to the book you've written. It was not central to your mother's life. She was only 3. She had no memory of it. And she didn't even learn of it until she was well into middle age. Is that right?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"which is absolutely central to the book\" implies, that without that part of the story, there really wouldn't be much of a story","questions":"What is the main focus of the book \"Five Days Gone\"?","answer":"b"}
{"text":["Israel is saying the same. The Defense Minister Ehud Barak told the parliament today that Israel is essentially in a state of all-out war with Hamas and that Israel has no intention of stopping with their campaign as long as Hamas continues to fire its rockets.","And meanwhile, Israeli soldiers are massed along the border. Is it expected that there will be a ground war?","Israeli officials are saying that it's certainly possible, and they have closed off the part of Israel that directly borders Gaza. They've created a military zone there. It's been closed to all civilians and to reporters, so we don't know exactly what is happening there now.","And what is Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni saying?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Israel is engaged in a serious conflict with Hamas.","questions":"How would you describe the current situation in Israel?","answer":"Conflict"}
{"text":["Do the findings differ according to what you majored in or, you know, engineering versus philosophy?","It did. For example, if you look at in the middle of the career of someone, say, 15 years out after graduation, the typical earnings of an engineer is pretty close to $100,000 a year. The same is true of my field of economics. But if you were to go to teaching or social work, the figure is more likely $50,000 a year.","Dr.  Vedder, without getting you into trouble, you're a professor of economics. Does this lead you to ever tell your students you're wasting your money here?","Well, you've asked a delicate question, Scott, but I am at the age where I am tenured and semi-retired, so I guess I can say anything I want. I've tried to be honest with my students and I tell my students that there are risks in anything one does in life and any kind of investment one makes in life. And colleges are subject to the same kind of risks that investing in, say, stocks and bonds. Part of the risk, of course, is that 45 percent of those who enter college don't graduate within six years. And students who think they can major in social work then go get a fancy job and then live in an upper middle-class suburb are perhaps living a life that's devoid of much reality these days. And so I point this out to them. I don't tell them don't go to college, but I tell them there are risks associated with it and be cautious about piling up a lot of debt."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The findings are likely to vary depending on what field of study you have chosen, such as engineering or philosophy.","questions":"Which field of study has typical earnings of $50,000 a year for a mid-career professional?","answer":"Teaching"}
{"text":["First week of the season, a young boy - he has the ball over his head. He's ready to make the throw-in. And a spectator on the sideline puts her hands on the child's shoulders, spins him around so he'd be redirecting the ball to a different player. So I blew my whistle. And I said - is this your child?And she said, no, this is not my child. So I explained to her, I said, you can never, ever, ever, ever touch a player.","So this was a cry for civility, not I'm sick and tired and can't take it anymore?","That's correct. This is a cry for civility. This is a plea for everyone to join me and everyone else who believes that we can have a fun, fair and safe experience in which sanity is expressed on the sideline.","Well, it sounds that you're complaining less that your feelings were hurt than the youngsters might be getting a very bad example of what it is to be an adult."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : That's correct. This is a cry for civility. This is a plea for everyone to join me and everyone else who believes that we can have a fun, fair and safe experience in which sanity is expressed on the sideline.","questions":"Which experience is the speaker trying to promote?","answer":"Fun"}
{"text":["So, right then, your life changed. You quit your job. You made plans to leave your family for a year and go to China.","Well, yeah. My weight had gotten so out of control that I wasn't even working at that time, unable to work.","So, when you got there seven months ago, how much did you weigh?","I weighed approximately 646 pounds."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the turn \"out of control\" in (2) is an idiomatic expression that means something is unmanageable or chaotic. Its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning, which would be that the person's weight was physically out of their control.","questions":"What was the actual meaning of the idiomatic expression \"out of control\" in the dialogue?","answer":"Chaotic"}
{"text":["I, Karen Bass. . .","In May, Bass was sworn in as the first black female speaker of California's Assembly. That post has been called the second most powerful in the state behind the governor.","I recently asked Speaker Bass how she's dealing with her rise in profile and her new level of responsibility.","I felt definitely overwhelmed. But, you know, since May, or really since the election in February, I've just had a tremendous amount of support and welcome and good will. So I'm very excited about serving in the role.","You are someone who has certain interests that particularly are important to you. Foster care is one of them. Tell me about foster care."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Speaker Bass's post is the second most powerful position in California, behind the governor.","questions":"Which position in California is considered the second most powerful one?","answer":"Post"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","I was going to go as Robert Siegel, so that'll be perfect.","Esquire magazine's editor at large A. J. Jacobs. Happy Halloween, A. J.","Thank you. Happy Halloween, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Esquire magazine's editor at large A.J. Jacobs. Happy Halloween, A.J. The literal meaning of this turn is that B is greeting A.J. Jacobs, who is the editor at large of Esquire magazine. However, the implied meaning could be that B is dressed up as A.J. Jacobs for Halloween, suggesting that they are celebrating Halloween in a creative way.","questions":"How is PersonB dressed up for Halloween?","answer":"Creative"}
{"text":["But you can imagine that if you don't exercise, you might lose it. So we haven't studied that, per se, but we were more interested in how the muscle can store and utilize sugar and fat as energy sources when it's working. And so those were the particular proteins and genes that we were studying.","So lest anybody think that this is a trait like Lamarck thought many years ago, that you're going to pass down the - that your DNA, from usage, has changed and you pass that down to your offspring, that's not what happens here.","Well, these chemical marks disappeared after exercise. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that it is not possible to pass down acquired traits to offspring.","questions":"What is the Lamarckian theory?","answer":"Theory"}
{"text":["What about people who work for somebody who's in power and might not get the same guarantees?","Well, the problem with the guarantees is that who gives them?Because now there is a highly fragmented global community of attorneys, of activists, of non-governmental organizations and foundations that can't initiate proceedings against these people. Former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet felt very safe in, you know, in a trip to Europe. And all of a sudden, he was taken into custody unexpectedly by a judge in Spain. And so, you know, no one today can offer foolproof guarantees to dictators that they will not be prosecuted once they are out of power or even if they are still in power.","If you take a look, for example, at Syria, have we seen that at play?","Yeah. Well, in Syria remember; we - the international community thought that Bashar al-Assad was gone and that his days were counted. And he's still there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : when someone or somethings days are\/were counted means that they are dead, or for a company means going out of business, or in some cases it means the person is in trouble","questions":"How does PersonA describe the guarantees that can be offered to dictators?","answer":"No-one"}
{"text":["And I'm wondering how to square the situation now with - I remember interviewing you last year. You had a new book just out on Libya. You were telling me. . .","Yeah.",". . . This did not feel like a country at war, that markets were open, that there were signs of normalcy in Tripoli. That has now changed with these latest developments.","Tragically yes. I mean, of course the country's always had problems. But through international assistance and a U. N. -brokered effort, things were improving in Tripoli modestly. Libyans have a way of getting by. And of course that has all been reversed, so of course now you're seeing electricity blackouts, I mean, displaced. The militias have a newfound presence in the capital. So the country's really been put backward.","I should mention you were just in Libya for a few weeks last month, in Tripoli.","That's right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Despite previous improvements, Libya has regressed due to latest developments","questions":"What word describes the situation in Libya after the latest developments despite previous improvements?","answer":"Regressed"}
{"text":["And when you have spoken out publicly about it, you got a lot of backlash, very ugly stuff. Why do you think that hockey fans are so protective of this aspect back to the game when it seems like we should all be able to agree that if we can just be - keep players healthier and keep their brains safer, that should be a good thing?","Yeah. I think it's just - I think it's a resistance to change. That's really what it comes down to. But yeah, when I - I tweeted out about this in response to Don Cherry, who's a big pro-fighting guy here in Canada. And I got a lot of vitriol. It was ugly. I mean, it ranged from respectful disagreement to homophobia, sexism, misogyny. And that was kind of when I realized this truly is a cultural stigma, a cultural touchpoint and powder keg issue that needs to be investigated and discussed further.","The larger important issue here is the health of players. And the NFL and football have really dominated the conversation when it comes to concussions and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, this this brain neurological illness. But hockey has this issue as well. Can you talk a bit about how injuries in hockey are factoring into this?","Yeah. I mean, I would argue that the NHL is probably lagging behind most of the other contact sports leagues as far as addressing this issue. There was a class-action lawsuit settled last year. But the players only got - who were involved - only got about $20,000 each and some promises for future medical testing and medical treatment.","Much less than the NFL football players got."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They got a lot of people complaining about what they spoke about.","questions":"How did PersonA react to the backlash they received?","answer":"Shocked"}
{"text":["Is it important to the grassroots to have that still?","Absolutely. I mean, fiscal responsibility is still a measure of what I would call conservative values. The problem is we just don't seem to see the Congress expressing those values any longer. The CBO and the GAO have both said that this kind of spending cannot be sustained. And what can't continue won't continue. So it's irresponsible for us not to deal with the spending issue.","Mark Meckler is the president of Citizens for Self-Governance. Thank you so very much.","Thanks for having me, Lulu. I appreciate it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : grassroots is a movement made by a district and still implies that it holds the feature in order to hold the government's attention. ","questions":"Which feature holds the government's attention for the grassroots movement?","answer":"Grassroots"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah, yeah.","So he's not exactly saying that what he said was offensive.","Or maybe he's, like, opening up, like, a hotline for people to call up and be like, hey, listen; I was - being very charitable there.","Right, OK.  And then meanwhile, while all of this is going on with Shane Gillis, another one of the new cast members who was announced this week for \"SNL\" was Bowen Yang, who's actually the show's first Asian American cast member, so this is kind of awkward timing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He may have said something offensive, but he didn't admit it.","questions":"What was Shane Gillis accused of?","answer":"offensiveness"}
{"text":["(Unintelligible) exactly did some tests.","Marc, I hate to interrupt. . .","Yup.",". . . to say this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow with Marc.","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that B is interrupting A to introduce the radio program they are both on, \"SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR,\" and to announce their names. However, the implied meaning is that B is politely interrupting A to take over as the host of the radio program.","questions":"What is the name of the radio program that PersonB interrupts PersonA to introduce?","answer":"SCIENCE"}
{"text":["Out of respect, I don't want to go there, out of curiosity I do.","How much are you willing to tell us about how your innocence was stolen from you?","Well, growing up in a Christian family, you would have thought what happened to me would never happen because my mother loved me and she was very much aware of who I am, but I was a very mature little girl. And at 14, I was allowed to have a crush on a man who was 21. And because he was worldly, and had money, and he'd been in the Navy, you know, and I was, like, all little girls seek older men and we go, Oh my God, he's so cute. Oh my God, oh my God, oh my God.","Well, somehow in there my father wasn't watching, my mother was watching very closely and thought she could handle the situation and she allowed this relationship to happen. It should not have happened. I should not have been allowed to date a man, it made me have insecurities at an early age that I should never have had, but a man who could manipulate a little girl's mind and her heart. He was allowed to do things he shouldn't have done."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A had an inappropriate relationship with an older man at a young age.","questions":"What was the age difference between PersonA and the man she had a crush on?","answer":"7"}
{"text":["Reptilian, exactly, and now we know that many species of dinosaurs had feathers or simple filaments that seem to be feather precursors in some cases.","Do your findings come from the relatively recent discovery that some dinosaurs had feathers?Is this sort of, like, the next step?","We are sort of taking the next. In the last 10 years, we've discovered that we can gain insight into the colors of dinosaurs and how they may have used visual signals in important contexts. And so what we wanted to ask is, can we gain insight into the vocal communication that extinct dinosaurs might have had?","Well, so what's next for you in your research?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  is actually asking if A's findings are related to the discovery that some dinosaurs had feathers, rather than just asking for a literal explanation of the findings.","questions":"What is PersonB's question about PersonA's findings?","answer":"relation"}
{"text":["Bill M wrote about it - read about it and wrote. Kilpatrick's stays in the news proving all the naysayers right with his childish antics and questionable judgment. He should resign.","And there's also the news that Broadway's \"The Color Purple\" is closing next month due to slow ticket sales and some people said it was because of singer Fantasia left the show without any thunder after she left.","All right. Just briefly, what do you think about the newsletter?What does that offer people that everything else we do doesn't?We've got the radio show and the blog. But, you know, you put out this great newsletter every day. What's going on with that?","Well, we've got headlines that pertain to African-Americans. We have highlights from the show. And the difference is - it's called Push me (unintelligible). It's a '90s Internet buzz word. And the idea is that you get all these things that you want sent to your inbox every day without having to surf from Web site to Web site. And it's a service that we offer."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is that they offer a service called Push Me that delivers daily headlines and highlights related to African-Americans to your email inbox. The actual meaning is that Push Me is a play on the 90s internet buzzword \"push\" which means to receive notifications without actively seeking information. Therefore, the newsletter is designed to deliver the information people want directly to their inbox without the need to browse different websites.","questions":"What is the 90s internet buzzword that Push Me plays on?","answer":"Push"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me.","What new details did we learn with this filing?","So the new filing focuses on five extramarital affairs that Duncan Hunter had when he was in Congress, the first one starting just four months after he was elected and took office in April 2009. So he took office in January.","The longest feature in the filing is about an individual identified as Individual 14, who was a lobbyist. And they spent campaign money on things like a ski trip together, a thousand-dollar hotel tab. They went to concerts together. And they also went on a double date with another congressperson to Virginia Beach, but that congressperson has not been identified."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Duncan Hunter had extramarital affairs while serving in Congress","questions":"How many extramarital affairs did Duncan Hunter have while serving in Congress?","answer":"Five"}
{"text":["And how does Syria's war spark violence in Iraq?","Yes, it's a bit of a long story, Neal. I won't go into too much detail, but what I will say is that, you know, what happened in Syria, we all know it started as an uprising. It was during the Arab Spring. There were people going to the streets to protest. It took awhile for this to kind of catch on in Iraq. But when it did, it was a wave of protests in mostly Sunni areas. That's because the government in Iraq is controlled now by Shiites, Shiite politicians, different Shiite political parties. And so you saw in many Sunni areas of Iraq people going to the streets to protest, demanding jobs, demanding better treatment, demanding an end to what they see as kind of a police state behavior with their people, they said, you know, unlawful detentions.","And so when you have protests in a country that's already very divided along sectarian lines, the protests are going to get sectarian pretty quickly. And they also got violent. You saw in tandem with these protests were the rise of some violent attacks, and a lot of people attribute these attacks to local insurgent groups like al-Qaida in Iraq. And then you saw sort of Shiite militias, you know, fighting back with their own attacks. And then it basically spiraled out of control.","You mentioned al-Qaida in Iraq. This was a group that was, well, largely defeated by the Sunnis themselves, in cooperation with American and some Iraqi forces as well. But the Sunnis themselves discredited these people."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the protests got worse and worse until there was no way to control them any longer.","questions":"What caused the violence in Iraq?","answer":"Protests"}
{"text":["This was back in 1982?","'82. But I think people thought, oh, my God, you know, you can't put a black person's heart in a white person. You cannot possibly put a woman's heart in a man. I mean, it's interesting that with the heart, sort of the emotions we ascribe to it get all wrapped up in the medical techniques also.","So they got beyond that. And you write about this group of researchers and doctors in Houston - big egos, big personalities and a big state (laughter). Tell us about these two pioneers who had this incredible rivalry that helped shape this field - Dr.  Denton Cooley and Dr.  Michael DeBakey.","When I started looking into it again, it was kind of like the right stuff for heart surgeons. These were people with outsized personalities and outsized wills. And the story really starts in Houston with the theft of an artificial heart from Michael DeBakey's lab. And DeBakey at the time was perhaps the most famous heart surgeon or surgeon in the world. And his nemesis was a guy named Denton Cooley, who, for a time, worked under him and got tired of waiting for Dr.  DeBakey to put this artificial heart in someone. So he purloined it with the man who had designed it into DeBakey's lab and put it in a man. And the operation, to some extent, was a success because the patient lived. And this became the most famous feud in medical history."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The notion of gender and race plays a significant role in the medical field.","questions":"What plays a significant role in the medical field?","answer":"Gender"}
{"text":["And, of course, in \"Hamlet\" there's that famous play within a play, which, in my version, was a book within a book. And in this book, in \"Romeo And\/Or Juliet,\" there's actually two books within a book. When Juliet is taking that sleeping potion, she's out of the play for 42 hours. And while she's knocked out, she has a dream, which is \"A Midsummer Night's Dream. \"And you can play through that as Juliet in her subconscious.","And when Romeo's banished to Mantua, he's also kicked out of the narrative for a while. And he can visit the library and read a book called \"Fair Is Foul And\/Or Foul Is Fair\" which is obviously \"Macbeth\" done in this format. So I tried to cram all the Shakespeare I could into this because I'm not sure there's that many other plays that would lend themselves so easily to this format.","It has to be a play with which people are generally familiar, too.","Well, that's the fun of it, right, because you know what these characters are supposed to be like. And when you kind of push them off the rails a little bit, there's a sense of breaking the rules that's a lot of fun, I think. It's fun to write (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn 3, \"It has to be a play with which people are generally familiar, too\" implies that the play must be well-known in order to be easily understood and appreciated by the audience.","questions":"How does familiarity impact the choice of play in \"Romeo And\/Or Juliet\"?","answer":"Familiarity"}
{"text":["Well, that's the thing. Three areas we've looked at - covering about 55 square miles of the jungle - target one, target two and target three. And the first one was target one, and we found these all these archeological features. They covered hundreds of acres, maybe even thousands of acres, and this is gigantic. And then they moved on to target two, and they marked that, and then they moved on to target three. And target three showed even more striking features.","And we've - an archaeologist has been looking at them and a guy named Chris Fisher, who is an archaeologist at the Colorado State University, who's an expert on LIDAR, and he tells us that there is a city in T3 that is comparable in area to the city of Copan. It's absolutely enormous. The track is two square - five square kilometers.","And if these valleys are so remote, how did these civilizations develop in this unforgiving area?","Well, that's the thing. We're only now starting to realize that this so-called virgin or impenetrable jungle in prehistoric times was anything but. It was very heavily settled. There were many thousands of people living in these areas, and it wasn't virgin jungle. It was more like a tended garden. They cleared huge areas for farming. They terraced. They built irrigation canals. They built roads. They built enormous pyramids and structures."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The prehistoric people cleared huge areas for farming, terraced, built irrigation canals, roads, pyramids and structures.","questions":"Which structures did the prehistoric people build?","answer":"Pyramids"}
{"text":["He was instrumental in the Times that year winning a Pulitzer Prize for its coverage. And it was after the Kerner Commission came out with its report in 1968, looking at the great divide among the racism in American society that pointed to the American news media in particular, that needed to do a better job in covering the great diversity of American society.","What are the upsides?What are the upsides for journalism as it evolves, because it has to evolve?","The upsides are the incredible access you have to audiences now. Anybody in this age can be a publisher, a writer, a communicator. And there are tremendous possibilities.","Well, Neil, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to be instrumental in this context means that the person was needed for something happening.","questions":"Which year did the Times win a Pulitzer Prize?","answer":"1968"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News and Notes. Illinois Senator Barack Obama declared he was running for president back in February of 2007. Back then, he was the dark horse, long-shot candidate. Some people looked at him, and talked only about race. Other voters and pundits seem to try to avoid the topic.","Now, the economy is in meltdown, and much of the political debate has turned to mortgages and finance. But race is still there say the polls, and author and commentator Tim Wise says so as well. Wise is an anti-racism activist whose latest book is called \"Speaking Treason Fluently: Anti-Racist Reflections From an Angry White Male. \"Welcome to News and Notes.","Thanks.","So, your latest essay is called, \"This Is Your Nation on White Privilege. \""],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : dark horse, long shot implies that he was not expected to win","questions":"How was Senator Obama viewed as a candidate?","answer":"Long-shot"}
{"text":["Yes, I do. I think General Kelly is right. I think a lot of America is out of touch with those of us who have served and the sacrifices that we've made or seen our colleagues make. And that's a divide that we ought to bridge. But you don't do that by politicizing an incident like this. You do it by taking responsibility for your actions. If you're the president, you say I don't think I said that, if that's what he believes. But if I offended the widow in any way, then I apologize.","Congressman, I - a bit off the central topic we've been talking about - did you know U. S.  forces were operating in Niger?","As a member of the armed services committee, I am aware of it but only very peripherally. This is not something that we have talked about or has been briefed to us extensively at all.","So you think there's more to be known about this mission and about U. S.  operations in that area of the world?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"But you don't do that by politicizing an incident like this. You do it by taking responsibility for your actions.\" Implicated meaning: A person should take personal accountability for their actions instead of exploiting a situation for political gain.","questions":"Which principle does the statement in turn 0 suggest one should prioritize over political gain?","answer":"Accountability"}
{"text":["Thank you very much for having me.","And let me begin with the set up for a very old joke: How hot is it?","It's so hot, it's not a joke. That's how hot it is. It's - people always - people come out to me, though, and they ask me - since I've been here, they go, well, you must be used to this, right?I mean, you're from Africa. So, I mean, this must be - no, no. No, this is not weather. This is - I'm used to weather. This is an oven, and I'm not enjoying it. It's very hot. So barely surviving, but I'm glad to be here.","You are wearing a t-shirt that has the words nah mean(ph)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone ","questions":"Which words are on the t-shirt that PersonA is wearing according to B?","answer":"mean(ph)"}
{"text":["I am not a dog owner. I would say I'm an aspiring dog owner. Just a couple of weeks ago I did a review of robot pets. This is the only kind of pet that I think I would be responsible enough to take care of.","OK. So cockroaches was number one. Dogs was number four. What was two and three?","Well, number two was why don't humans have a mating season?It turned out that there's an entire chapter of a book by Jared Diamond, the author of \"Guns, Germs, and Steel,\" that looks at just that question. And question number three was about a photograph from an old issue of Life magazine showing the descendants of George Washington. The person wanted to know, who is the current living descendant of George Washington?And, I guess, who would be king of America if George Washington had been king?That question has been answered most recently in an article for Ancestry magazine.","Slate. com's Daniel Engber. Thank you, Dan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A has recently researched various topics and is knowledgeable about them.","questions":"Which topic did PersonA research that relates to human reproduction?","answer":"Reproduction"}
{"text":["Absolutely. No question. When I first started to sing, the last thing I wanted to do was sing my dad's music. And ironically, when I was signed to a label, it was Capitol Records, which I thought that they would be like, oh, you got to sing your dad's music. But they did not. . .","He made Capitol Records.","He certainly did. The house that Nat built. But they did not insist on that, whereas I went to two other labels and they said, well, are you going to sing your father's music?And I said no. And it took 15 years into my career before I felt comfortable and confident enough to even attempt at singing my father's music.","Like a lot of famous fathers, Nat King Cole was often away from home. He died when Natalie was just 15. She had some rough times in the years that followed, sometimes making her own name in all the wrong ways with drugs and drink. But she sought help and she persisted, having her own R&B hits in the 1970s before she recorded a 1991 duet with the recorded voice of her father that sold over seven million copies and won many Grammys."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Singing my dad's music wasn't literally the last thing I wanted to do, it just means I really didn't want to do it. ","questions":"How did Natalie feel about singing her father's music when she first started her career?","answer":"Didn't"}
{"text":["Hmm. For - yeah, for all of us to take a look at.","Mm-hmm.","What made this an outstanding candidate?Just the story like that, for your. . .","To write about?Well, yeah. The things that I'm always looking for are things that have the quality, as you heard me say a few times, they make people laugh and then think. When you first see them, they're funny. You have almost no choice but to laugh. And then a few days later, you find it still rattling around in your head, and you just want to tell somebody about it. These are the things that really - they're funny mainly because they're so unexpected. There's something about them that you just - at first glance, it's beyond anything you ever had any reason to think about it, just - it's staggering. Maybe later on when you get used to it, it doesn't seem funny anymore, but at first glance. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Funny things that make people think and stick in their mind","questions":"Which qualities attract the attention of \"A\" in a story?","answer":"Funny"}
{"text":["A young upstart reporter at a national news network, a political newcomer fresh from Hollywood, his opponent - a female senator firmly rooted in the establishment, a ratings-obsessed media mogul - does any of this sound familiar to you yet?Amazingly, Alisyn Camerota, a veteran news anchor and host of CNN's morning show \"New Day,\" started writing her new novel years ago. And now the book \"Amanda Wakes Up\" seems like a crystal ball. Alisyn Camerota joins me from our studios in New York. Welcome to the program.","Thank you, Lulu. Great to be with you.","So are you psychic?(Laughter).","Well, there were many times, many times in the writing of this that my agent editor and I thought I was. But I think, what it turns out, is that there are some perennial favorite themes in politics and in presidential races. And I hit on them because you can predict with some certainty what will come back around."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"fresh from Hollywood\" - This turn of phrase is used figuratively to describe someone who is new to politics and has no previous political experience. It does not mean that the person actually came from Hollywood.","questions":"What phrase is used figuratively to describe someone who is new to politics and has no previous political experience?","answer":"Hollywood"}
{"text":[". . . in Romania. And he's an 18-year-old who did this pretty much on his own. And this isn't his first project. Before this, he was building jet engines.","And 18-year-old?","Yeah, from the Internet.","Don't try this - well, he tried it at home, I guess."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The turn with an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (4) \"Don't try this - well, he tried it at home, I guess.\" This statement is a sarcastic remark that implies that the speaker thinks the project the 18-year-old completed is difficult or dangerous and that the listener should not attempt it. However, the speaker acknowledges that the 18-year-old had the audacity to try it anyway.","questions":"Which statement in the dialogue implies that the speaker thinks the project completed by the 18-year-old is difficult or dangerous?","answer":"turn4"}
{"text":["Well, I think they're convening a panel tomorrow to discuss it once more. Declaring a public health emergency of international concern has big implications. So the closing of borders - you know, these are border towns. People - their livelihoods are dependent on being able to cross borders and do business.","Yeah.","Refugees who are fleeing armed conflict in DRC not being able to come into Uganda. So it - there are some serious implications on making that declaration, and I'm sure those will be considered.","How hopeful are you that this outbreak can be contained?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Declaring a public health emergency of international concern has big implications for border towns and people's livelihoods.","questions":"Which kind of emergency was considered for discussion tomorrow?","answer":"Health"}
{"text":["It was really expensive. It was the most expensive substance on Earth at the time. We're talking about equivalent of 2. 2 million dollars for a single gram.","Wow. And in 1917, of course, with World War I cranking up, there was huge military demand for watches that you could see in the dark and dials that you could see in the - in the dark.","That's right. And as you said, this is when the book opens, so shortly before America joined the First World War. And once they did, of course, join that global conflict, there was this huge boom to the radium industry. Soldiers needed watches, and people needed it for the planes and the trucks and so on. And so the dial painters, who were the radium girls - they were employed to paint all these dials with luminous radium paint. And they were taught to lip point, so to put their brushes between their lips to make a fine point for the detailed handiwork.","To actually put the brush with the radium paint into their mouth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  the workers were instructed to put the brush with the radium paint into their mouth, not just place it between their lips.","questions":"How were the workers instructed to hold the brush with radium paint?","answer":"Mouth"}
{"text":["As a matter of fact, I thought about conducting 10 years before I even started to practice it or to study it. But the interesting thing is that I didn't want to do it with just one community. I wanted to bring a lot of communities together. So of course it incubated in the jazz community and the free-music community, but I realized that if non-improvisers wanted to do this, I could incorporate all of them into an ensemble.","What do you think about jazz, some would say, it's lost a lot of its base African-American audience, but it started out with roots in the black experience. Do you think conduction relates to that continuation of the black experience?","Well certainly. I think - well, how can I phrase this?What I'd like to see is that more of the institutions that are dealing with black study, black-American music, get hip to everything that's not on the radio rather than what is on the radio. I don't know, this could be elaborated on for the next two hours.","We're going to have to catch up with you then, Butch."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"We're going to have to catch up with you then, Butch.\"  The literal meaning is that the speaker will need to catch up with Butch at a later time. The implied meaning is that the speaker is acknowledging Butch's expertise or knowledge in the topic being discussed and may need to learn more from them in the future.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of the statement made by PersonB to Butch?","answer":"Expertise"}
{"text":["Mr.  Mayor, in the half a minute we have left, there a lot of people listening to you. A lot of people will be becoming familiar with Beaufort today. They might be moved to help. How can they?","Well, that's a great question. Let us do the initial damage assessment first. And again, I think the biggest thing right now is for those that did evacuate, please standby, be patient with us as we kind of blaze a path for you to return - a safe path for your return.","Rett Newton is the mayor of Beaufort, N. C.  Mr.  Mayor, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The mayor cannot guarantee a quick return for those who evacuated.","questions":"Which path should evacuated people wait for?","answer":"safe"}
{"text":["It does. He talks about it almost every day. He's preparing the ground for it. But a lot of conservatives - and I think this starts with Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell - are deeply concerned about it. They see this border issue - whether they see the border issue as a national emergency or not, they do see such a declaration as a bad precedent, something that a future president could use to do things that conservatives regard as radical, such as higher taxes on the ultra-rich or \"Medicare-for-all. \"","Another week of Roger Stone's wardrobe. Might a judge put an end to his fashion parade?","And to his parade of TV appearances perhaps. There is a federal judge in the District of Columbia contemplating a gag order on this case. That could be a mercy for all concerned, not least Roger Stone's longtime buddy, who is now in the White House.","Thanks so much, Ron Elving, NPR senior political editor."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : parade of tv appearances means the person did a lot of interviews","questions":"How might a judge end Roger Stone's fashion parade?","answer":"gag"}
{"text":["I'm going to have to go to Food Lion, which is 15 miles away, or the Piggly Wiggly.","Which is how far away?","Fifteen miles, and there's also a Wal-Mart, a big Wal-Mart, but I'm not going to that.","Yeah, on principal, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Yeah, on principle, right?  The literal meaning of this statement is that B is confirming that A is not going to Wal-Mart based on a principle. However, the implied meaning here is that B is suggesting that A has a personal objection or strong dislike towards Wal-Mart, possibly due to ethical or moral reasons. The phrase \"on principle\" implies that A's decision is driven by their values or beliefs rather than a mere practical consideration.","questions":"How does the phrase \"on principle\" imply PersonA's decision-making process?","answer":"Values"}
{"text":["We are made to meet a quota as well as deadlines. There are about eight different numerical measures that we have to meet during our rating period, which is generally two years. But this latest rating period is one year because they introduced this concept last October. So during our rating period, during this one year, we're expected to complete 700 cases. And we're expected to do a lot of these within specific timelines. It really is very, very dire circumstance for our judges.","And let's say that a judge does not meet his or her quota. What happens?You mentioned financial interests. Does the judge lose his or her job?","So the judge may lose his or her job because, at the end of the rating period, the judge would have to then justify why those numbers have not been met. And the agency will have to determine whether the judge's justification is appropriate or not. And for the agency to impose a singular quota on all of us, as if we are all interchangeable, is absolutely mind-boggling.","We are in El Paso, looking at how this is playing out. What are you hearing from immigration judges in El Paso in particular?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B statement here implies that they are looking out to how the Judges carryout their duties in El Paso in order not to lose their jobs.","questions":"How are PersonB and PersonA investigating the performance of judges in El Paso?","answer":"Investigating"}
{"text":["Hello.","So, John, I've got my iPhone here. I downloaded this ap last night. Let's give it a little bit of a test run, and we should tell our listeners here, there's going to be a bit of an interference with the microphone.","But let's take the example that I just used and give it a shot. So, Thai food, Los Angeles. I say that into my phone. It does a little working and processing, and next thing you know, it's popped up a list of all of the closest Thai Restaurants to me with phone numbers. It's pretty cool. How does this work?","Usually pretty well. It's also one of my nightmare scenarios as a bicyclist that people like you will be driving all over the place looking at your iPhones."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : when something \"pops up\" in this context it means it came up","questions":"Which word describes the function of the iPhone app mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Display"}
{"text":["Yeah. You know, it's a great question. I think that the core of the problem is that they say that they pursue these weapons out of insecurity. So the logical thing is can the world provide them some sort of security?And in past agreements that I have participated in, we provided them security guarantees and offered to negotiate a peace treaty with them. The problem is I think the security - insecurity that they feel is generated by the regime itself. You know, these sorts of totalitarian regimes never feel secure. And that's the core problem.","Because there's mass starvation. There's mass poverty. There's mass oppression.","Right. And that they - all those things, and that they don't rule by the consent of the legitimacy of the people. And that's the basic problem.","Yeah. China has a role in this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"The problem is I think the security - insecurity that they feel is generated by the regime itself.\"  In this turn, the actual meaning goes beyond the literal meaning of the words. The speaker is implying that the regime intentionally creates an atmosphere of insecurity in order to maintain control over its population.","questions":"How is the atmosphere of insecurity generated?","answer":"Regime"}
{"text":["Yes. You know, you will talk to Republicans and Democrats who will make very passionate cases that the other party will be to blame in this shutdown. I think shutdown politics are tricky. For one, we have a recent one in memory. The 2013 shutdown was largely driven by Texas Senator Ted Cruz, a member of the Republican Party. Republicans were seen as responsible for that shutdown. They went on to win big in the following midterm elections.","So the idea that being seen as the party that shuts down government will have electoral consequences, I'm not so sure Democrats view it that way.","Yeah. And the last shutdown lasted 16 days.","It lasted 16 days. If this one lasts as long as that, we will also be in a very interesting situation because President Trump's State of the Union address is 10 days from now. And I - my mind. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In (2), the speaker implies that Democrats may not be concerned with being seen as the party responsible for the shutdown, even though it may have electoral consequences.","questions":"How long did the last shutdown last?","answer":"16"}
{"text":["The Staples Singers, Booker T and the MGs, Isaac Hayes and more - but the Stax tale isn't just one of another record company that became an international sensation. It's a story of tragedy - business and personal. But most importantly, it's a tale that features racial harmony in a city with a troubled racial history. In the late '50s and early '60s, Memphis, Tennessee was a city divided.","It was a city that you might say had hate pulsing through its veins.","That's author Robert Gordon. He lives in Memphis. His new book is \"Respect Yourself: Stax Records and the Soul Explosion. \"But Stax didn't start as an explosion of soul. The owners of Stax Records, Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton, set out to do something very different.","They were two white siblings. Jim was a white country fiddle player. You just wouldn't believe how far black music was from their minds at the time."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"an explosion of soul\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that there was a sudden and powerful growth of soul music. The figurative meaning is that Stax Records played a major role in popularizing soul music and creating a cultural movement around it.","questions":"Which music genre was popularized by Stax Records according to the figurative meaning of turn 2?","answer":"Soul"}
{"text":["But I have to say, every time that I think, OK, now is the time I'm going to get in, this is a great buying opportunity, as everyone tells me, every time I look at the stock market, it's gone down again, and I think, phew, it's the end of the day. Thank goodness I didn't buy in today. But then the next day, it happens again.","Yeah, I know. It's depressing. Looking at this market, the market is a reflection of worldwide psychology. So clearly, people around the world are depressed right now, and they're not optimistic about the future, which is sad.","But in the long run, the things that will make the most money are not pieces of rock like gold or liquids like oil or cash, which is just pieces of paper, but real growing companies that are servicing strong demographic trends.","It's impossible to call a bottom. Yes, all these stocks that are cheap could get cheaper, but now is certainly one of the best times to buy stocks that we've seen in the past 70 years. I mean, it's incredible, which is why Warren Buffett is out there buying stocks right now."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The state of the stock market reflects the worldwide pessimism and depression","questions":"Which worldwide sentiment is reflected by the state of the stock market?","answer":"depression"}
{"text":["And why were charter schools exempted from those stipulations in the first place?","It was never in the original law. You got to remember, this law was written in 1992. We were only the second in the country to have one. And there was a lot that was not anticipated. This is before online schools, virtual schools. . .","Yeah.",". . . Existed. It's before remote schools existed. There's just a lot it didn't consider."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"It was never in the original law.\" The literal meaning of this statement is that the stipulations about charter schools were not included in the original law. The implied meaning is that the original law did not anticipate the development of charter schools, so there were no stipulations about them in the law.","questions":"How was the original law regarding charter schools?","answer":"never"}
{"text":["I am deeply skeptical of that.","It's true, it's true. It's the - the analysis depends on the content of the air and the water in the specific place where your mother - the area where your mother was living when she was pregnant with you because that's the first bone that forms in your body as a part of the skull bone, apparently. Just as we can take a section of your thigh bone and that will give us a longitudinal picture of where you've been living for the last seven years.","Wow.","It's magic, isn't it?It's exactly those wild moments that I love, and there's a case in the book from - we were talking about insects earlier. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning behind (4) is not just an expression of admiration but also an invitation to explore and appreciate the wonders of the world.","questions":"How does (4) reflect PersonA's attitude towards the wonders of the world?","answer":"Admiration"}
{"text":["Well, the president fires the attorney general. The new guy fires the special counsel. History repeats itself. No, the president - President Nixon understood the Constitution. He understood how to govern. He knew he was walking a tightrope. So when a lot of different people in Congress, the public, the courts stood up and showed their courage and they were outraged and started to push back, he backed down. He let the investigation continue. And 10 months later, he resigned. This time it looks like a circus where the clowns are walking a tightrope in slow motion and some people are cheering as if it's a joke. But it's not a joke.","Mr.  Doyle, I must say you sounded almost wistful speaking about Richard Nixon.","(Laughter) Well, yeah. You know, I've never compared Richard Nixon to Thomas Jefferson before. Never thought I should. But I told someone yesterday that compared to Donald Trump, Richard Nixon is Thomas Jefferson.","All right. I'll leave that as your opinion."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The current situation with the president and the special counsel is chaotic and lacks the same level of understanding and respect for the Constitution that Nixon had.","questions":"Which president understood how to govern?","answer":"Nixon"}
{"text":["We are. . .","We are - yeah.","There's something - does that bother you or that we're experimenting on ourselves?","Oh, a little bit, I guess, you know?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"There's something - does that bother you or that we're experimenting on ourselves?\" The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking a direct question about whether the listener is bothered by the fact that they are experimenting on themselves. However, the actual meaning could be interpreted as the speaker expressing their own concerns or doubts about the experimentation.","questions":"What is the PersonA's actual concern about the experimentation?","answer":"Concerns"}
{"text":["Well, we think that the individual insurance markets need to be stabilized. There needs to be certainty. Right now, the insurance companies are putting together their plans for rating the 2018 insurance products, and they have no certainty from Congress regarding the support for insurance premiums for lower income people. Without knowing those, they don't know how to price their policies, and they're going to price them very high. So the bit - that's the biggest thing that needs to be addressed right now.","Dr.  Gurman, I move to ask you a question, both as a physician with a practice and the head of the AMA, how much time do you have to spend on matters that have nothing to do with medicine?","Well, unfortunately, a lot. We know from doing detailed studies where we actually follow doctors and minute to minute with a stopwatch find out what they're doing. The doctors are spending less than half of their time actually taking care of patients. So it's a big problem.","And how would you reduce that bureaucracy, though?Because, you know, bureaucracies run on (laughter) run on a paper trail in a sense."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) A: The speaker implies that the lack of certainty from Congress regarding support for insurance premiums for lower income people is causing instability in the individual insurance markets, which is leading insurance companies to price their policies very high.","questions":"Which factor is causing instability in the individual insurance markets, according to the speaker in turn 0?","answer":"certainty"}
{"text":["And in talking to Smith, he's really thought a lot about what - why we have such a strong reaction to looking at embryos, and he's found this firsthand. I mean, and he gets emails all the time and sort of unpacks these questions, like, you know, is it - when you look at these pictures, does it strike you as more human or less human than you would have imagined, he asks. This is what he asked audience when he shows them. What is your experience with seeing these pictures in the past?You know, he said imagine 300 or 400 years ago, would - how would people imagine what an embryo is?This is a technologically. . .","Yeah. Yeah.",". . .  mediated experience.","And not only that, he's taken the technology faster - further, as you show. He's done MRIs, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply an acknowledgement or agreement, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker may not be fully engaged or interested in the conversation. It could be interpreted as a way of signaling disinterest or a desire to move on to a different topic.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue could be interpreted as a way of signaling disinterest or a desire to move on to a different topic?","answer":"Impatience"}
{"text":["Why the need for this guide?","We know that people are going to be asking themselves is the gift that I'm giving or asking for going to be secure and private?And as you said, most holiday shopping guides are focused on price and performance, and this guide is focused on privacy and security.","It's not just smart speakers, is it?It's a lot of devices that we've quite willingly and comfortably made part of our everyday lives.","That's absolutely right. And we're particularly looking at the area of connected-to gifts because more and more consumer products are connected to the Internet. So one interesting space that we've looked at is this new emerging toy category of drones. I have an 11-year-old who's pretty excited about drones, and it turns out that many of them connect to insecure wireless and therefore can be taken over, both the information they collect but also the device itself. So we think that consumers would want to know information like that when they're considering a drone gift."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : smart speakers implies the electronic devices are incorporated or equipped with computer or digital technology","questions":"Which devices are the focus of the guide mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Privacy"}
{"text":["Right. No, you hit it right on. The - no glass is unbreakable, certainly, and when you strengthen the glass this much, there's tremendous compressive stress put in the surface of the glass. So when you do actually manage to break it, that kind of force, the energy that's stored in the glass causes it to shatter, like you say, pretty impressively.","So you make the glass itself in upstate New York there at Corning. And then you have to ship it to China for them to put it in the phones.","We make the glass. We don't make it here in Corning, New York, we make it in plants around the world. We have a plant in Kentucky and Taiwan and Japan. And yes, we make large sheets of this glass, and then we put it into crates, and then we ship it to companies called finishers, most of them are in China, and those are the companies that actually cut the glass into the pieces, drill holes, polish, et cetera, into the shapes of the parts that go onto the devices.","Why can't you - I'm sorry, why can't you make it the shape itself beforehand?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The glass is not unbreakable despite being strengthened.","questions":"How does the glass shatter?","answer":"Shatter"}
{"text":["Right.","Of course, the financial deregulation issue, whether or not - how much financial industry should be regulated is a big issue, but also, in California, you had a whole look and a proposition that passed that was about this kind of issue, about how densely animals should be kept together. But you mentioned reproductive freedom. What is the regulation change on that?","Sure. Well, the proposed rule would sort of - it has an effect on recipients of federal money and on, particularly, state-run hospitals and other institutions of that nature, and it gives a great degree of discretion to the folks that work in those facilities. And if they have a moral objection to administering contraceptives or birth control and performing abortions, then they are sort of allowed to cite their moral objection to that and not perform that work.","An interesting development on that rule that the Washington Post reported on earlier this week is that three officials from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission have - that are actually appointed by President Bush have opposed that rule and have said that it would overturn civil rights law."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The rule would allow healthcare workers to refuse certain services based on moral beliefs","questions":"Which officials from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission have opposed the rule?","answer":"Officials"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me.","So why have all these Democrats decided just to go ahead and run for president and not even bother with trying to win a Senate seat?","(Laughter) I do think that there is quite a lot of enthusiasm in the party about the idea of taking on Donald Trump. But I do think that, you know, the Senate is always an appealing option. And as we've seen in past cycles that have hotly contested presidential races - 2016 being the most recent example - you know, you do have Senate candidates that get into the race, like Marco Rubio in 2016, right up until the last minute. I think you're going to see a lot of really smart, good candidates running up and down the ticket next year.","There were a number of Republican and Democratic senators over the past couple of years who've declined to run for reelection and on their way out the door said, look; it's just not the job it used to be. It's intensely partisan. And we haven't gotten a lot accomplished. Wouldn't that have the effect of also discouraging people for running for that job?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : run for president means to campaign for presidency","questions":"What are some reasons why Senate seats are appealing options besides running for president?","answer":"Appealing"}
{"text":["And it's most importantly for us, combined with great food, great food and dining experiences. And as more of our culture gets into more of the artsy and fine wine and fine dining experiences, wine is more of a part of that for all cultures.","Do you ever find people saying to you, OK, it's great that you do this, but your world is so on another planet. And what you do is so ridiculously specialized, I can't even talk to you because I don't know what you're talking about?","Definitely find less and less that. I think everybody in our - the mystique of wine and the exclusivity of wine, those barriers have been broken down, to a large degree, and people are less and less afraid to try wine and to have fun with it themselves.","They ask questions about some of the technical aspects of it. We're very fortunate as a family, and the other members of the African-American Association of Vintners are also from various backgrounds, and they get the same kind of questions that we do. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People feel intimidated by the specialized wine culture.","questions":"Which culture causes people to feel intimidated?","answer":"Wine"}
{"text":["One morning in early December, 23-year-old Andrew Black of Vermont bought a gun. And a few hours later, he used that gun to kill himself. We first spoke to Andrew's mother, Alyssa Black, shortly after her son's death. She was calling for Vermont to pass legislation requiring a cooling-off period between when a person can walk into a gun store and walk out with a firearm.","A bill requiring a 24-hour waiting period moved to the top of the Vermont Senate's agenda earlier this year. It passed in both houses. And then last week, it was vetoed by Governor Phil Scott. Alyssa Black joins me now.","Welcome to WEEKEND EDITION.","Thank you for having me again.","Vermont would have been one of a handful of states to mandate time between buying a firearm and actually receiving the firearm. What was your reaction to Governor Scott's veto?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The cooling off means to wait until a person calms down if they are upset.","questions":"Which term does Alyssa Black want to be required before a person can walk out of a gun store with a firearm?","answer":"Cooling-off"}
{"text":["I was broke, and I like my wine, and then I saw this woman buying wine, and I was like, no way. And she even had fancy shoes on. I looked at her. She's like, it's really good. And so, I was like, so that's when I bought a Sauvignon Blanc. And I was like, I got wine for the summer, thank God. And that was when I started thinking, maybe there's food here too.","Turns out there was lots of food. Most of it brands she hadn't heard of before or in boxes that were slightly misshapen or discolored, but what was inside tasted just fine, she says. And with a bit of creativity, Christiane realized 99-cent ingredients could turn into truly delicious dishes.","I'm really hoping that people are going to use this as an opportunity. I think the economy is going so downhill, and I think there's a way to just kind of keep a smile on your face and find cheap ways to still have fun. I hate it when people say, oh, I don't have money, so I can't do anything.","How much culinary expertise do you need?Is it good to have some basic cooking backgrounds before you take on the 99-cent cuisine?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : I was broke implies being financially bankrupt and not implying having broken bones ","questions":"How was the PersonA's financial situation described in turn 0?","answer":"broke"}
{"text":["It's a common complaint about poetry. It's the oldest form of expression, but what can it do for us now in an age of social media, Twitter, Facebook and national urgency?Poet Claudia Rankine's new collection, her fifth, has an answer. Its cover shows a black hoodie against a white background, recalling Trayvon Martin. And it's a very personal meditation on race in America. The book is called \"Citizen: An American Lyric. \"It was a finalist for the National Book Award. Claudia Rankine joins us now. Thank you, welcome to the program.","Good morning, Eric. Thank you for having me.","Before we chat, I want to give listeners a sense of your book. It reads like a series of kind of diary entries, so to speak, and an anatomy of encounters with perceived racism. I'd like you to read, if you would. Could you start \"You Are In The Dark\"?","Sure. (Reading) You're in the dark, in the car, watching the black, tarred street being swallowed by speed. He tells you his dean is making him hire a person of color when there are so many great writers out there. You think maybe this is an experiment, and you're being tested or retroactively insulted or you have done something that communicates this is an OK conversation to be having. Why do you feel comfortable saying this to me?You wish the light would turn red or a police siren would go off so you could slam on the brakes, slam into the car ahead of you, fly forward so quickly both your faces would suddenly be exposed to the wind."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This statement from the passage implies the emotional impact of racism on the person of color and the discomfort and guilt experienced by the white person.","questions":"Which emotions are implied in the statement?","answer":"Discomfort"}
{"text":["Alan Dershowitz is a fine legal scholar. He's welcome on this show any time. But in any event, one had to make note of that. Way before Steven Spielberg and \"Jaws,\" did - what's still called the Chappaquiddick incident in which a young woman, Mary Jo Kopechne, died when she was in the back of a car driven by Senator Edward Kennedy, went off the bridge at Chappaquiddick. Did that bring the worst kind of attention to the vineyard?","I think that that was when people first started to think about - see, the vineyard entered the world stage because of Chappaquiddick. And this kind of remote island that was a secret in many ways became not a secret. It was about three or four years later, I think, in '73, that Spielberg decided he wanted to film \"Jaws. \"And the vineyard came up as a setting because it was so authentic, although that word's kind of annoying these days. But it was so authentically weather-beaten and New England-y (ph).","And Spielberg had looked at some places on the West Coast, but a lot of the beaches there in the background might have a high rise. They were developed in some ways. This was an extremely undeveloped part of the world. It's tried to remain undeveloped, though now it seems as if almost every house there has a swimming pool. A friend of mine once said, and I quoted this, that \"pretty soon, the island will be a donut. \"","Pretty soon the island will be a donut.","In other words, there'll be land surrounded by a hole filled with water."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"It's tried to remain undeveloped\" - The island itself does not have the capacity to try to remain undeveloped. This is a personification of the island that means the people living on the island have tried to prevent it from being developed.","questions":"How did the people on the island contribute to it remaining undeveloped?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The president may not have been as sympathetic to Puerto Rico's situation as he was to Texas and Florida.","questions":"Which area did the president tour where the damage was less severe?","answer":"Texas"}
{"text":["Well, I think what I heard - and I heard it over the three days - is that the president is not going to let up pressure on Japan, on Prime Minister Abe on trade. Despite the close personal relationship, despite all the pageantry of this visit, it was just at the surface that the president was getting a little irritated with the arguments that Japan has been making on trade.","I think that this is not going to bode well for how this is going to end up. Mr.  Abe doesn't have a lot of latitude to give the president what he wants. But I think they're trying very hard to keep it from bursting the seams, so to speak, on the overall political strategic relationship.","What about on North Korea?As Anthony alluded to there, President Trump contradicted not only his host, the prime minister, but his own national security adviser, John Bolton, on the significance of these recent missile launches from North Korea and whether they violate U. N.  Security Council resolutions. How significant a disagreement is that between Tokyo and Washington?","I think that will be a disappointment for Prime Minister Abe for a couple of reasons. You know, again, President Trump said he was not personally concerned about the tests, still trying to lay out what I think he thinks is the base for a bargain with Kim Jong Un, and that is an economic development strategy by North Koreans that will then mitigate the military challenge."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite the friendly relations between the US and Japan, the President is unhappy with Japan's trade policies and is pressuring Prime Minister Abe to make changes.","questions":"What specifically is the President unhappy about with regards to Japan's policies?","answer":"Trade"}
{"text":["Yes. The big topic, of course, is what he'll say about the president's unfounded claims that Barack Obama wiretapped his phones. He has also accused British intelligence of wiretapping his phones on behalf of Barack Obama. There's been no evidence produced for those claims. The British have pushed back against them strongly. People on the Hill say they have not seen any evidence of this, and Comey will be asked about that first and foremost.","OK.  And over at the Senate, the first hearings for President Trump's nomination for the Supreme Court - what kind of reception is he going to get?","Well, that's going to be the big event of the week. Neil Gorsuch, who has been nominated by Donald Trump, is going to be asked a lot of questions about his views on executive power, about Donald Trump's comments disparaging judges and the entire court system. This is one of Donald Trump's most important early initiatives. The Republicans have 52 votes in the Senate. They say if they have to change the rules so they won't need 60 to confirm him, they will do that. So it's going to be very, very hard for the Democrats to stop him. But this is just the first of many, many judicial vacancies that Donald Trump will have the opportunity to fill because of the age of judges on the bench right now and the number of vacancies.","And something else we're looking at, obviously, is what's happening on Thursday - a much anticipated vote in the House. They're voting on the repeal-and-replace legislation for Obamacare. Does Speaker Ryan have the votes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This turn has a literal meaning of cancelling and substituting a law or policy with a new one. However, in this context, it refers to the highly anticipated vote in the House of Representatives on a bill that would repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare).","questions":"Which vote is being anticipated in the House?","answer":"Vote"}
{"text":["And what's the story about how your parents met?","Well, they met in art school in Charlotte. . .","(Singing) In the '60s, black boots, mini skirt, blonde curls. Then when you went to art school. . .","And my mom would go and see him play. He was in a jazz funk band called Fungus Blues. And she would go. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A is sharing a personal anecdote about how their parents met, which involves the jazz funk band Fungus Blues","questions":"How did PersonA's parents meet?","answer":"band"}
{"text":["The speaker has suffered through days of public humiliation at the hands of his fractious troops. But sometimes what doesn't kill you makes you stronger. And by surviving all of this, he has probably strengthened what's always been a rather tenuous grip on the speakership. In the end, he did the right thing - we talked about this in the past - and kept government and borrowing authority going forward. And probably he'll have a better weekend this weekend than he had last.","Certainly more free time. I think a lot of people are wondering this weekend: is Senator Ted Cruz a new national figure or a diminished one, after events of this past week?","You could say he's both. Certainly he is new hero of the Tea Party and others who wanted to stop the Affordable Care Act, Obamacare, by any means necessary. At the Value Voters Summit, for example, here about a week ago, he absolutely dominated the presidential preference straw poll on social conservatives. But within the establishment of the Republican Party, in the financial community and among party fundraisers, he has come to be regarded as dangerous.","And a hard word and that raises this question. Against what's been the stereotype, the image for many years, Democrats appeared unified over these past few weeks, and the Republicans who looked like they were - what's the old joke they used to make about Democrats - a circular firing squad?What's happened to the two major parties?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"what doesn't kill you makes you stronger\" - This is an idiomatic expression that means that going through difficult experiences can make a person mentally and emotionally stronger, rather than referring to actual physical strength.","questions":"What expression is PersonA referring to when he says that going through difficult experiences can make a person mentally and emotionally stronger?","answer":"Idiomatic"}
{"text":["I think we typically are having a totally misguided debate about racism in this country.","And in exactly the way you're saying, in that people get accused of racism. They become massively defensive because it's a word that should destroy you. And so you totally resist it, and we're not really discussing policies.","Exactly. And, I mean, obviously if you could express in one minute racist ideas and in the next minute anti-racist ideas, and what we're saying is stop expressing those racist ideas and start recognizing the equality of racial groups, then that's a completely different discussion.","Well, let's talk about the president's remark that set this off, in which he said that four women of color who are in Congress, who are Democrats, should go back where they came from and try to clean up their messed-up countries. We at NPR have been pretty explicit in labeling that as old racist language. Go back where you came from is a thing that's been said by a lot of people for a long time. But you're the scholar. Is that a racist statement?And if so, why is it a racist statement?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : destroy you meaning your character for being labeled as such ","questions":"What word describes the potential impact of being labeled as racist?","answer":"Destroy"}
{"text":["Because presidents that are about to be removed from office see the writing on the wall. Richard Nixon had a very good sense of his waning support in the Senate. And when he saw it collapse, he realized that if he hung on, he would be removed, and he would lose his presidential pension.","Interesting. So one of the complaints that President Trump is making and that his supporters are making is that this is a purely partisan process. Has that complaint been made before?Is that what people normally say?Or is there something about this particular circumstance that's different?","The reason that impeachment was kept on the shelf for over a hundred years after the Johnson impeachment process was that it was viewed by all sides in the American political community as highly partisan. But it doesn't always have to be the case. And in the Nixon era - a period when I think we saw a model impeachment process - the democratic leadership bent over backwards to make the process as bipartisan as possible.","We keep hearing all kinds of comments from - particularly from former Republican members about what members of their caucus say privately. But there's no way to know how to evaluate that. We do know that publicly, the Republicans are insisting that this is partisan. The Democrats are insisting that no, it isn't. It's a constitutional matter. Do you see from where you sit a way to bridge this difference of perspective?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the democrats did everything they could to make it look bipartisan.","questions":"What was the reason for keeping impeachment on the shelf for over a hundred years?","answer":"Partisan"}
{"text":["Well, because there are a number of reasons that a security clearance can be denied. Among them would be foreign contacts, foreign business interests, criminal activity, financial instability, drug and alcohol use. And some of these are very serious. If employees who had the history of these issues - and they weren't properly mitigated, they could be a risk to national security if they received security clearances.","You're saying hypothetically those could be reasons security clearances would be denied. Were they in these cases reasons that they were denied?","Some of them were applicable in different cases, yes.","Is overriding 25 security clearance denials a large number?I have no idea what's normal in this situation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Some of them were applicable in different cases, yes.\" - The actual meaning is that some of the reasons that A mentioned earlier (foreign contacts, foreign business interests, criminal activity, financial instability, drug and alcohol use) were used to deny security clearances in different cases.","questions":"Which reasons were used to deny security clearances in different cases?","answer":"25"}
{"text":["The stakes are high and many citizens have concerns about voter intimidation and fraud. For more we've got Violet Gonda. She is a Zimbabwean journalist with SW Radio Africa, an independent station which broadcasts from London into Zimbabwe. She is currently on a night fellowship at Stamford University. Violet, welcome.","Hi, Farai, and thank you for having me on the program.","Let's back up a little bit into the history of Zimbabwe. In 1980 it became one of the last African nations to shed its colonial government, and when Robert Mugabe came to power he was among other things open to white farmers and other whites staying in Zimbabwe. Over the years he redistributed the land and a lot of people see the current economic collapse as a result of this land ownership change. But what other factors played into Zimbabwe going from where it was in 1980 to where it is today?","When Mugabe authorized the violent takeover of land, he basically directly affected millions of people. And then also the other issue were Mugabe's economic policies. For example, a bloated or rather large government means that not only did the economy suffer when he took over the farms but we also had a government that was living far, far, far beyond, you know, its means. Also the economic policies churned out by the regime were not in the best interest of the majority of the people but the best interest of the ruling party."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone ","questions":"How did PersonA refer to their appearance on the program?","answer":"Thanks"}
{"text":["Well, I think there's a growing consensus towards some form of certiship(ph), nationalization. I was very interested that Alan Greenspan, you know, noted as a conservative, has said that it looks like we will have no alternative for some of the banks but to nationalize them. And, this is what Sweden, Norway did, and it worked very well.","Why?What's the strength behind nationalizing banks?","First, you solve the problem of the misalignment between ownership and control. We provided to the banks now most of their capital, but we have no control, and they're going to be exercising using our money for their interest. And that's why we saw what we've seen in the last few months. We gave them a huge amount of money. We poured money into the banks, and they poured money out in the form of bonuses and in the form of dividends.","Now, if they were maximizing our interest, if they were maximizing the reason that the society gave them this money, they would have been using this money for lending or, the very least, for re-capitalizing the banks. That's why we gave them the money. But they were maximizing their own interest, and it was in their interest to pay this money out in bonuses and pay it out in dividends. That just illustrates the nature of the risk when there's a separation of ownership and control."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Pouring money is a metaphor, not literal. It just means the government gave a lot of money to the bank, who spent a lot on bonuses and dividends.","questions":"What is the nature of the risk when there is a separation of ownership and control?","answer":"Misalignment."}
{"text":["It was really expensive. It was the most expensive substance on Earth at the time. We're talking about equivalent of 2. 2 million dollars for a single gram.","Wow. And in 1917, of course, with World War I cranking up, there was huge military demand for watches that you could see in the dark and dials that you could see in the - in the dark.","That's right. And as you said, this is when the book opens, so shortly before America joined the First World War. And once they did, of course, join that global conflict, there was this huge boom to the radium industry. Soldiers needed watches, and people needed it for the planes and the trucks and so on. And so the dial painters, who were the radium girls - they were employed to paint all these dials with luminous radium paint. And they were taught to lip point, so to put their brushes between their lips to make a fine point for the detailed handiwork.","To actually put the brush with the radium paint into their mouth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker expands on the earlier point by explicitly stating that the workers put the brushes with radium paint into their mouths to make a fine point. The implied meaning here is that the workers were not aware of the dangers of radium and were not provided with proper safety equipment, leading to their exposure to dangerous levels of radiation.","questions":"How were the workers instructed to hold the brushes?","answer":"Mouth"}
{"text":["One day, Africa appears as a mass of crinkly brown veins. Another, it's become vivid streaks of orange and gold. Crimson and violet squiggles around Australia could be an abstract painting. It seemed that Commander Kelly never got tired of what he could see out the window and what he could make us see in an entirely new way. When the capsule bearing Kelly and cosmonauts Kornienko and Volkov parachuted to a landing in Kazakhstan earlier this month, that fantastic journey came to a close. Back home in Houston, Scott Kelly will be poked and prodded, weighed and measured, all in the name of science. And his terrestrial tweets now bring their own delights. He posted video of his first plunge into a pool.","Man, that feels good.","A few days later, there was Scott Kelly with his arms stretched overhead and a big smile, looking up at a dark sky.","My first rain in more than a year. Awesome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meaning of (2) is that Scott Kelly is expressing his joy and relief at being able to experience something he has not felt in over a year, ","questions":"How did Scott Kelly feel about experiencing something he hadn't felt in over a year?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","And that's exactly what I did and never really looked back from there really.","Yeah. What did you like about it?What do you like about it?","Actually, I quite like the early morning work because I don't - I'm happy in my own skin. I quite like solitude. I don't mind spending time with myself. But I think what it was is it was going to work when there's no one on the road. So I could drive to work, no one on the road - very quiet - go to where - the team were there. We had a lot of work to do. I was very proud of what I did, and I picked it up very, very quickly. And it was lovely looking back on the bakery and looking at all the croissant, the afternoon tea, the breads - and looking at everything that you've made and thought, do you know what?I'm proud of that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) \"B: (Laughter).\" This turn implies that B found something funny or amusing, but it does not provide any literal information or statement.","questions":"What was PersonA proud of?","answer":"Bakery"}
{"text":["You know, I would say those days coaching were some of the best days of my life. Internally, we were really solid, you know, from the players to the coaches. They were all very supportive. I think the skeptics came, a lot of the times as they do, from the outside looking in. They saw us as being very different, you know, men working with women. And what they didn't realize is that we were more alike than we were different. We were alike in the game and in what we had dedicated to be great. And those guys knew everything about me and my story before I got there, right?Like, they were literally like, coach, we watched your game film. Like, you are a beast off the edge, like - and they couldn't believe that I had played a season against guys, like, getting tackled by guys their size. And there was definitely an energy within the team that it was something very special, and those guys were proud to be a part of history.","There's been a lot of focus on the culture for women in the NFL. I'm thinking particularly of the Ray Rice scandal, and what can be perceived as a tolerance for abuse by male players. Does that make it harder for women, do you think?","Well, you know, I think in - let's like back out of that for a second, right?","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The team faced challenges due to gender differences, but overcame them with unity and dedication.","questions":"How did the team overcome the challenges they faced?","answer":"Unity"}
{"text":["I did want to ask about your take on U. S.  policy in northeast Syria because back in January, you wrote on your website that it's working. You said that the U. S.  has helped defeat ISIS and prevent its resurgence, and it's done so not solely through direct military engagement, but by assisting a partner force. And I wanted to ask if you think that this assistance is sufficient to keep the threat of an ISIS resurgence in check.","It is sufficient as a foundation because what you see now is local folks holding local towns and working their best to keep them safe. But it is an international problem that requires international investment to help people have water and power and schools that run. And they merit our investment.","That was writer Gayle Tzemach Lemmon, who just returned from a reporting trip in Syria. Gayle, thanks so much for talking to us once again.","Pleasure to join you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : International investment is necessary to maintain the success against ISIS","questions":"Which problem requires international investment according to A?","answer":"Problem"}
{"text":["So what I did was incorporate the superhero, but have them have HIV in real life situations, if the person were to have it. So they would have the same illnesses, the same sicknesses, and even some of the characters may die from AIDS or something like that.","So, the book really shows you - I have in one scene where you see one of the characters is about to have sexual relations with a woman, and he - I show a condom. I talk about. . .","Robert, I'm sorry. We have to wrap it up here. There's so much to talk about. . .","I'm sorry for that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Discussing the use of condoms during sexual relations in the book.","questions":"What is mentioned in one scene of the book?","answer":"Condom"}
{"text":["Well, the thing that's on the drawing board right now is the economic stimulus plan, and I think we do need a very large plan that would include increases in government spending and tax cuts.","To add to this troubled economy, we now have the latest unemployment figures out this morning from major metropolitan areas. Here's how they look. In November 2007, 18 areas reported jobless rates of at least seven percent. In November 2008, that number jumped to 121. Which areas have seen the highest unemployment rate?","Well, the most significant problems are in the industrial Midwest. As we all know, the auto industry is having a great deal of difficulty, and layoffs have been very severe. Also, in parts of the country where the housing market has been hit hard - California, Florida, Arizona, Nevada - there, too, employment has fallen, unemployment has risen.","And which areas are seeing the lowest unemployment numbers?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The unemployment rate has dramatically increased in various metropolitan areas.","questions":"What is the topic of the economic plan discussed by A?","answer":"stimulusplan"}
{"text":["People should not affiliate with parties by race or ethnicity; they should affiliate to parties based on the ideas and the proposals of each party. And the former is happening, and it's extremely toxic. It divides our country in a dangerous way, and it really diminishes our democracy.","So what direction would you like to see the party take?I mean, what would be your ideal vision?","Well, I think the party was on a good path after the 2012 election. When any organization or individual faces a setback, I think the important thing to do is to be honest with yourself and identify how you can get better. And if you're a political party, that means how you can appeal to more people.","And of course, there will always be people beyond the reach of either political party, but to be able to get big things done, whichever party is in power is going to have to be able to convince a good majority of the American people that their way is the right way, and the Republican party isn't doing that. They're trying to win by maximizing this base strategy. And again, that can result in election victories, but it doesn't necessarily mean that you're going to be able to accomplish big things for the country."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when a country is divided it means that the people living in the country have very different opinions from one another","questions":"How does the affiliation of parties with race or ethnicity impact democracy?","answer":"Dangerous"}
{"text":["What's the latest this morning, Jennifer?","Well, at the scene of the attack, they are cleaning up. The walls and the floor are covered in blood. The tables and chairs have been pushed aside to get to those dead and wounded. We didn't even get a death toll until this morning. That attack happened on Saturday night at a crowded wedding hall, more than a thousand guests there. Right now, we have families burying their dead, including 14 members of one family alone, so a pretty devastating attack here in Kabul.","And the Islamic State claimed that it carried out the attack, right?","It did claim that it carried out the attack, and it named the bomber as well. This is a group that has targeted the minority Hazara, mainly Shia Hazara, community again and again, and this was another instance of that. It claimed that it sent the suicide bomber into the wedding hall."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The walls and floors have a great deal of blood on them but are not covered.","questions":"Which word modifies the extent of the blood on the walls and floors?","answer":"great"}
{"text":["It is - they take it as good news, but the reality is it's not because the only infrastructure that remains intact is the infrastructure of the former regime and the former ruling party. It's difficult to see how, in a situation where people are fearing for their lives, you can put together a cohesive electoral campaign. Even though the military council says that they will allow observers in, this is a military council that is blocking journalists - that has suspended Al Jazeera, that has suspended other journalists from doing their work. So there's a lot of disbelief that they will allow observers to carry out their job.","Meanwhile, they will just continue to sit-in, to protest, to demand democratic reforms even if they are unlikely.","To resist - that's what we're hearing - that so much blood has been spilled, so many lives have been lost that to turn back now is unthinkable to many of those people we're speaking to on the ground, Rachel.","CNN's Nima Elbagir. She is senior international correspondent with CNN covering Sudan. She joined us from London on Skype. Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The military council is not trustworthy and will not allow observers to carry out their job","questions":"How is the military council portrayed in turn 0?","answer":"Untrustworthy"}
{"text":["Well, I was interested in medicine ever since I was a young child, but, you know, life kind of gets in the way. The neighborhood where I grew up wasn't really conducive to producing medical physicians.","Did - this is East Cleveland you're talking about, yeah?","Yeah. East Cleveland, yeah. It was a pretty impoverished neighborhood. And so just not many opportunities to go into medicine there, but I ended up in the automotive career just by happenstance.","Well, I've read that you just - you know, you loved tinkering with cars from the time you were a teenager."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Growing up in an impoverished neighborhood hindered A's path to become a medical doctor.","questions":"How did PersonA's childhood environment affect their career path?","answer":"Hindered"}
{"text":["Eric, good morning.","Yeah. You know, I'm reminded, the Chipmunks did a version of that (laughter). . .","(Laughter). Did they really?","Maybe we'll get to hear that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using allusions to reference something indirectly, assuming that the listener will understand the reference based on shared knowledge or cultural context.","questions":"Which technique did the speaker use in turn 3?","answer":"Allusions"}
{"text":["It's probably a combination of both. The sense that people have out there is that there is certainly a level of speculator buying by local investors, by local real-estate investors. But you know, there's quite a number of loans also being made to first-time buyers and others who are looking to move and so forth.","And meanwhile, there are various plans to try to get homeowners to hang on to their homes, to stay in their homes and avoid foreclosures, one coming out from the FDIC's Sheila Bair. Tell us about that.","Yeah. So, the plan that Ms.  Bair talked about yesterday at a hearing in Washington was that if servicers - these are mortgages companies that basically handle collections and billing on behalf of investors and banks - if they agree to modify some of these troubled loans in a way that the government says you should do, then the government would agree to shoulder any or shoulder a part of the future loss under this loan.","So, who would that help, the homeowners or the banks?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : If mortgage companies agree to modify loans according to government standards, the government will help shoulder future losses.","questions":"Which party agrees to modify loans according to government standards?","answer":"a"}
{"text":["Give us a call, our number 1-800-989-8255. You can also tweet us @scifri. Gerald Crabtree is the David Korn Professor of Pathology and Developmental Biology at Stanford School of Medicine. He's also an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Good morning, Ira.","Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?","Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"What evidence do you cite? What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?\"","questions":"How does PersonB challenge PersonA's argument about human intelligence? (Answer: \"What evidence\")","answer":"Evidence"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . Calmer feeling inside your kitchens. Why?","Right. That's part of what I learned not to do from Todd is to scream and to not pay them. And a lot of that was what I had to go through. I had to beg for my paycheck, or - I think I was making $6 an hour from him. So I felt I would succeed if I treat people with dignity and teach them the tools to succeed - not that I really knew right away when I had only one restaurant - but to be part of a team instead of a head chef and a screamer. I wanted it to feel like we're all in this together - from the reservationist, to the dishwasher, to the line cooks, to myself - that we are one chef, and we - I need them to succeed. So that's how I worked in my kitchens.","Why do you think it's still so hard for women to break into this business?","It isn't hard to break into it. It's up to women to want to do it. I think a lot of women look at the hours and the lifestyle, and then they think family or children. But I think it's fabulous to have your children involved in the restaurant industry. I mean, it's changed a lot. And - I mean, it's not - it's about what women want to do, and don't give up. I think that's really - I just put my head down, and I knew what I wanted, and I went for it. And yeah, there's struggle, but there's struggles in every job."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning suggests that Todd taught A not to scream and not to pay the employees. However, the actual meaning is that A learned from Todd's mistakes and did not engage in those behaviors.","questions":"Which behavior did Todd teach PersonA not to engage in?","answer":"Pay"}
{"text":["Well, I only recently arrived, so I haven't seen the whole city by any means. But when I got here, I went straight to a demonstration on the city's east side. This was one of those demonstrations that have been called by Juan Guaido for what he billed as the biggest-ever demonstration in the history of Venezuela.","There were a lot of people there - thousands, possibly in the tens of thousands. But I have seen much larger crowds turn out for Guaido before. And so this was a smaller turnout. And I think the most noticeable thing about it is that the mood has quite substantially changed. Whilst these demonstrations for the opposition leader, Guaido, were before quite very lively - there'd be a lot of chanting, a lot of singing - now there's a mood of wariness. I thought it was more subdued.","And not far away from where I was, there were violent clashes underway between the security forces and a small group of anti-government protesters in which, you know, they were exchanging. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies that the morale of the protesters' was weakened probably because of the low turnout.","questions":"How was the mood of the protesters during the demonstration?","answer":"Wariness"}
{"text":["So ultimately, it ended up ruining my life in every capacity. It's affected my health, my family, my emotional and mental well-being and, ultimately, even jobs. You know, I've been offered all these amazing jobs of a lifetimes that I fought really hard to get and I beat out other candidates for. And each time the job would be offered to me, it would then be retracted because of my connection to Jeffrey Epstein.","So that's what led me to finally come forward because I had just reached a point where I was like, you know, this man was out buying second islands and second airplanes just to show off while I was struggling to feed myself and couldn't even get myself a good job because of him, you know?","Right. How did you feel when you found out about Epstein's death?","It was definitely not a good moment. And it's still not, you know?Even every single time I hear those words, there's a certain amount of anger that shoots through my blood that I can't explain."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Jeffrey Epstein was wealthy and showing off while I was struggling to feed myself","questions":"How was Jeffrey Epstein behaving while the speaker was struggling to feed themselves?","answer":"Showing"}
{"text":["Well, this technology is fantastic. Basically, if you're about to rear-end someone, this technology will first warn you. And if you don't act, it will hit the brakes for you. And the data show that it could reduce rear-end crashes by 40 percent or more.","Now, I said it will be standard by 2022, but if I buy a new car today, am I likely to have this feature?","Honestly, it's 50-50. If we look at 2019 model year data, about half of the automakers sell vehicles where the technology comes standard. Toyota, for example, and Honda have been making a lot of this technology standard on their vehicles. With the others, you may have to pay thousands of dollars to get that technology.","Is there something troubling about offering a safety feature that can save lives that costs thousands of dollars extra?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"hit the brakes for you\" - This phrase does not imply that the technology physically hits the brakes for the driver, but rather automatically applies the brakes to prevent a collision.","questions":"How does the technology prevent collisions?","answer":"Brakes"}
{"text":["Well, it's very difficult to verify independently because some of the information he claims to be from within the inner circle of those around President Mugabe, but certainly it creates a lot of interest and in some cases, some of his predictions have come to pass in ways that really points to credibility on the part of this character.","For example, he had warned that individuals within the ruling party were plotting to kill a former minister of parliament, Edward Chindori-Chininga, and indeed within a week this official died in a suspicious car accident.","Now, I mean, saying that almost any politician of any prominence other than President Mugabe is vulnerable to being killed mysteriously, wouldn't that be a truism in Zimbabwe?","Yes, it is, but particularly if you look at the tensions in the countries we approach elections that will be held on July 31. So, yes, that is true."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The information this mysterious character provides is likely to be accurate and can be trusted.","questions":"What creates credibility for the mysterious character?","answer":"Predictions"}
{"text":["Now, while you are putting all of that together and getting ready to write it, you still have a - have to do your shift with the overnight with the cops, right?","Yeah. That's about once a month. And we actually get - I actually get a break when I'm covering the legislative session, which lasts two months. I actually get a break because the younger reporters - they have to pull a night cop shift at least once a week. So I consider myself lucky.","Well, you have worked there for 18 years.","Eighteen years. Yeah.","I gather that you were not planning to stick around that long, but then you did. Why?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) Implied Meaning: I am fortunate because I don't have to do the night shift that often and I get a break when I am covering the legislative session. ","questions":"How often does PersonA have to do the night cop shift?","answer":"Once"}
{"text":["Well, you know, performance is really one of making sure you understand and document what's expected of you in your given role. One of the mistakes I see many professionals make, minority or otherwise, is they don't document and understand really what's expected of them.","And so they go throughout the whole year performing at what they may thing is the optimum level, only to get to the end of the year and find out that they've missed a mark. They're not doing one-on-ones or meetings quarterly or monthly with their manager, and so it's really important that if, you're going to track your performance that you understand what's expected, but more importantly that you follow up to make sure that you're on course.","Now, you have these performance evaluations in some cases, and is that a 100 percent of your success?How much are we talking about?","Yeah, I'm a big believer that success in corporate America, that performance really accounts for 50 percent of that. And what I mean by that is if you go back to childhood, most of what we were taught as children was you are rewarded based on how well you performed."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"performance is really one of making sure you understand and document what's expected of you in your given role\" - The literal meaning would be that performance is about actually performing one's job duties, but the actual meaning is that it's about understanding and documenting what's expected in order to perform well.","questions":"Which aspect of performance is emphasized in turn 0?","answer":"Understanding"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me on.","I think a lot of people don't want to hear anything you have to say until I've asked you this question. Are you being used by Vladimir Putin?","(Laughter) No, I don't think so. When people look at this, you know, particularly with Russia in the news as much as it is, there's always this cloud of suspicion that's leveled against anybody who can be, in the most stretched way, associated with Russia. It wasn't my choice to be in Russia.","Most stretched way - you're living there in Moscow. You have been for six years."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They mean that this is not a small way of being associated with Russia.","questions":"Which way of being associated with Russia is being referred to in turn 3?","answer":"Moscow"}
{"text":["That's absolutely the case. Turkey is the 16th or, by another measure, 17th largest economy in the world. Turks are wealthier than they've been in the past. And that is part of the secret to Erdogan's success. And that is why if there was an election today, I think there's no doubt that Prime Minister Erdogan would win. Perhaps he wouldn't get 49. 95 percent of the vote, but he would certainly get a very large number of votes. There is a growing middle class of people who vote on one issue and one issue only, and that's on their pocketbooks.","Add that to a core constituency and the fact that the opposition parties are extraordinarily weak, don't have much to offer Turks in the way a positive vision for Turkey's future, and Prime Minister Erdogan, despite this being the greatest political crisis of his decade at power, would still prevail.","Give us an idea of who is at these demonstrations, which groups. Are these the disaffected, the people who voted against him, the people who lost the last election, as he puts it?","It's certainly those people. There has been a contingent of secular urban but not all elite people who've come out who have felt hemmed in and marginalized over the course of the last decade. And they're - because their parties have been so ineffective in challenging the Justice and Development Party, they are now finding their voices in the street. Prime Minister Erdogan has wanted to finger the main opposition party, the Republican People's Party, for the demonstrations. That's certainly not the case."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People voting on their pocketbooks means they vote considering their money\/profit.","questions":"How do people vote in Turkey according to turn 0?","answer":"pocketbooks"}
{"text":["Then Brenda Gayle Beasley Forrest(ph) wrote to us from St.  Helena Island in South Carolina about our series on race. She said: I encourage you to continue the dialogue on being bi-racial in America or mixed race. I know Obama wasn't vocal on this issue, but as a white woman, I think Obama missed an opportunity to claim his bi-racialness and own up to it. Why not shout out, I represent all of America, all races, like the melting pot that is America?I take offense at a half-black, half-white person is shooing their whiteness and calling themselves just black.","And finally, Richard Reed(ph) in Grand Rapids, Michigan wrote us this about the race series. He said: In our family, there were people of black, American Indian, and white backgrounds. In the generations of our great grandparents, our grandparents and our parents, we were taught to love and respect all our family members. These lines of demarcation between people remain so arbitrary and so vague.","And that's it's for letters. Thanks for writing, and please keep your comments coming.","Now NPR has a new way to chime in on our stories. Go to our program page at nprnewandnotes. org and click on a segment. There you can click on the Comments link and write us your thoughts."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Obama missed the chance to claim his bi-racialness.","questions":"How did Brenda Gayle Beasley Forrest feel about Obama's stance on being bi-racial?","answer":"Offense"}
{"text":["The president's reaction, they're happy with, I think. The alt-right - Lana actually - I asked her this specifically - I said, you know, what do you think about Donald Trump?And she said, let's be honest; he's not one of our guys. We've never thought that he was one of our guys.","But the more that he does not disavow the things that they believe in and either tacitly or directly supports them, the better.","Seyward Darby - her article \"The Rise Of The Valkyries\" is published in the September issue of Harper's Magazine. Thank you so much for speaking with us.","Thank you so much for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Thank you so much for having me.\" - The literal meaning is the speaker thanking the host for having them, and the implied meaning is likely just gratitude and politeness.","questions":"How did the speaker respond to being interviewed?","answer":"Gratitude"}
{"text":["We've seen the symbolism internationally too, haven't we?","We have. And perhaps the best-known example - in a small town in Thailand last month we saw three students who were arrested after protesting last spring's military coup by flashing the three-fingered salute - that's a symbol of District 12, Katniss' district in \"The Hunger Games. \"And you see things like that all over the world now. You see protesters in various parts of the world who not only wear T-shirts with \"Hunger Games\" slogans, but also have begun to use that three-finger salute as a symbol of protest not only in Thailand, but I'm told in Ukraine and other places as well.","What are we to make of the fact - I've wondered about this Stephen, the dystopian theme seems so popular as opposed to ethereal ones these days.","Dystopian novels always tend to feature a disaster followed by the good guys versus the bad guys in a very basic Manichaean sense. There's good and there's evil and there's no question about who the good and evil are. And we live in a political era of - where people on the left think everyone on the right is evil, everyone on the right thinks everyone on the left is evil. There's a tendency to paint our enemies as larger-than-life. And that fits perfectly with the general design of the dystopian story."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Why does the dystopian genre fit the current political climate?","questions":"How does the current political era contribute to the design of the dystopian story?","answer":"Larger-than-life"}
{"text":["We recommend - we have a lot of recommendations. We think they're very practical. It can be done. Some of them are internal in the government themselves. There are internal changes Congress needs to make so that it can be more effective in this, and other commissions have recommended them. Now, let's do it. Let's get it done.","We want the life science community to work with the government about how to self-regulate. In other words, what kind of protocols can we use so that we can keep track of high containment labs better. And then, we say we need to emphasize Pakistan. Now, it's funny that this report is coming out now because we saw in the course of this that Pakistan is an epicenter for all of these risks that we're talking about.","Jim Talent, former senator from Missouri, thank you.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Let's get the job done by implementing the internal changes recommended by Congress and other commissions. (Line 1)","questions":"What kind of changes are recommended by Congress and other commissions?","answer":"Internal"}
{"text":["The regulations and the oversight that was put in place was relatively minimal because this was going to be such a small endeavor. It was going to be a small-scale experiment for 100 schools. Well, guess what?We have 1,300 charter schools today. And we have a law that doesn't actually account for the scale of that.","That's LA Times reporter Anna Phillips. She's been investigating loopholes in California's charter school system. What she discovered is a fragmented and decentralized regulating system. In Los Angeles, Phillips encountered a case in which a wealthy Beverly Hills couple made millions of dollars by simply turning to a different school district whenever their charter schools came under scrutiny.","These charter schools had been set up as nonprofits that were publicly funded. But if you looked right kind of on the outskirts of them, the couple that had started them had essentially created a series of businesses or nonprofits that were doing business with their own schools. So for instance, this couple rented a lot of their own properties they owned. They were their own landlords.","They owned buildings that then they rented to the schools, so they were getting that income.","Exactly. And there were other ways they were getting income. The woman who ran these schools, her husband was hired on as a project manager for about $500,000 to oversee the construction of a new campus. When they wanted to bring in cafeteria meals for their students, they hired one of their own organizations. So this was public money that was coming into these schools, but the couple that ran them was financially benefiting from it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"a small-scale experiment for 100 schools\" - The literal meaning of this phrase is that the experiment was limited in scope to only 100 schools. However, the implied meaning is that the regulations and oversight were inadequate for the current scale of the charter school system, which has grown much larger than originally anticipated.","questions":"What was the original scope of the experiment?","answer":"100"}
{"text":["Fall color is peaking in New York's Adirondack Mountains. There's already been a first dusting of snow on the summits. North Country Public Radio's Brian Mann set out in his canoe to take in autumn's big show near Lake Placid, and he sent us back this audio postcard.","I'm paddling up the Chubb River, wildness all around me, tamaracks here by the shore and willows. This could easily be northern Canada. It's really crisp out here. You can really taste fall now in the air. And there is this kind of stained-glass look to the hillsides, like splashes of crimson red. I mean, just truly tropical red.","There's brilliant sun, and the maple and birch are lit up. As the river winds into the mountain valley, it narrows and narrows again, so I'm squeezing through a vein of water to get to the hiking trail, willow branches squeaking against the canoe. I pass a beaver lodge and turn. And suddenly, I'm right on top of a pair of indignant mallards that go whirring into the sky.","All right, guys, don't mean to scare you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The maple and birch have yellow leaves due to the fall season. The river has turns in it as it flows through the mountainside. The person is paddling through a very narrow part of the river. The person passes a home of a beaver and birds fly quickly overhead.","questions":"How are the maple and birch trees described in turn 2?","answer":"Yellow"}
{"text":["I think that teenagers - I mean, some were very passionately involved in this. And, you know, teachers do feel things very passionately. It's why they're such a great audience to write for. But others are getting a little bit fed up because these controversies within YA, especially, are dominated by adults, and they're led by adults. So the teens are starting to kind of push back a little bit and saying, you know, this community is supposed to be for us, and you guys are messing it up.","(Laughter) As adults often do mess up things, don't we?","It's true. We ruin everything.","Kat Rosenfield, her article \"The Toxic Drama On YA Twitter\" is on Vulture. com. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"It's true. We ruin everything.\" Here, the speaker uses sarcasm to convey a sentiment of self-deprecation. The actual meaning is that the speaker doesn't believe that adults ruin everything, but rather they are making a sarcastic remark to emphasize the point made by B in the previous turn. It's a humorous way of acknowledging the flaws and mistakes made by adults.","questions":"How did the speaker convey their sentiment in turn 2?","answer":"Sarcasm"}
{"text":["So Flame has - so far they've found about 20 modules that can be swapped in and out, and they do everything from turning on the internal microphone and webcam on your computer, this way that they could record conversations that you have over Skype or conversations that you have in the room, in the vicinity of the computer.","It takes screenshots of your communications. They seem particularly interested in any email communications or instant messaging communication that you do. It also turns your computer into a Bluetooth beacon. So if you have Bluetooth enabled on your computer, they will turn that on and do a discovery for other Bluetooth-enabled devices in the vicinity, such as a phone, and they will use your computer to then siphon the contact information that is in any phone in the area.","Wow. Wow.","Why all those things?I mean, what's the reason for that?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"What's the reason for that?\" is a literal question that means what is the motive or purpose behind the actions described in the previous turns, and its actual meaning is the same as its literal meaning.","questions":"What does Flame turn your computer into?","answer":"Bluetooth"}
{"text":["Absolutely.",". . . Didn't prevent a lethal incident, like in the Laquan McDonald case in Chicago. I mean, even though an investigative journalist had to go and demand the footage, it did result in a conviction, didn't it?I mean, it didn't prevent. . .","Absolutely.",". . . A lethal incident, but it did bring accountability after the fact. So. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is expressing sarcasm or disbelief about the effectiveness of preventing lethal incidents despite investigative journalism in the Laquan McDonald case.","questions":"How did the speaker feel about the effectiveness of investigative journalism in preventing lethal incidents in the Laquan McDonald case? (Answer: sarcasm)","answer":"Sarcasm"}
{"text":["My mother had a friend I called David in the essay. And he was a funny, charming man. And he always had clients around. He found them out of the state so they would live with him while they were going on auditions. And they seemed to have a lot of shirtless pictures of them around framed. That seemed to be the greatest bit of work that they did - were these shirtless pictures.","And each year, these boys would come and go, and they'd be between the ages of 12 and 16. And there was this feeling that my mother and I would sort of talk around. Is this weird?This is weird, right?No. No, it's David. It can't be weird. And I think there are a lot of people in Los Angeles dealing with that right now of people they have held in their heads where there's a little bit of a galvanic skin-crawly thing, but they also like this person.","Course, your article appeared as Anthony Rapp come forward with his charges against Kevin Spacey. Been a few more Kevin Spacey stories that have also come out since then. Without trying to judge the veracity of each and every story, what's the mix of ambition and vulnerability that makes child actors prey?","The same thing which puts women at risk in the business, which is economics. For children, there is a small window of opportunity in which a career is going to happen. You are not a child indefinitely. That makes people ripe for abuse."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"Is this weird? This is weird, right?\" - The speaker is not really asking if it is weird, but rather acknowledging that it is weird and trying to rationalize it by attributing it to their relationship with David.","questions":"Which story led to the appearance of the article mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Anthony"}
{"text":["Well, what he was accused of doing amid a custody battle with his wife, Mia Farrow, was of abusing his young daughter, Dylan, taking her into the attic and sexually molesting her. This had played out because of - there was a scandal that had happened just weeks, months before where Mia Farrow had discovered that Woody Allen had taken nude pictures of her daughter with her former husband, Andre Previn, Soon-Yi.","To whom Mr.  Allen's now married, yeah.","To whom Mr.  Allen has now been married for many years. And that tore the family apart. And so it was this sort of twin scandal, a Greek tragedy if you will, that played out at that time and has had these repercussions ever since.","How did The Hollywood Reporter - the features editor, Stephen Galloway, handle that part of the story?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A 'twin scandal' in this case doesn't speak of any genetic relationship, but two tightly connected situations, as twins are tightly connected familially. ","questions":"What does the \"twin scandal\" in this case refer to?","answer":"Situations"}
{"text":["Well, I want to understand it as my friend, Fanon, as my idol, Fanon. I want to understand it, and it is quite complicated, but in another way it's quite simple.","And when I say race, I should stipulate. I don't mean simply black and white. By race, I mean any idea or notion that divides human beings into more than one kind. And then the next step of race and racism and racialized thinking is to figure out a scheme through which or by which because of this difference, manufactured difference, one group or another can take advantage of other groups.","So it sits over our shoulder, and it's part of what's the motivation for our going into Iraq. It's keeping young black men in prison in a totally disproportionate way. It's the cause of abuse against women. Race is a villain, and I wish I could wave a magic wand, but I can't. It's too deeply embedded in our nature.","You mentioned how race is linked to, among many other things, the prison system. And you've had, I'm sure, much too much experience with it, more than you'd like with both your brother and your son incarcerated.","You have sections in your book where your brother is - you and your brother are talking about the nature of hope and whether hope can be debilitating in the context of being someone who's incarcerated."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Race refers to any idea that divides human beings into more than one kind","questions":"What does \"race\" mean in the context of the dialogue?","answer":"Divide"}
{"text":["Look, I think the president's actually been very clear about the things that he wants. He wants to address border security, he wants to deal with chain migration, and he wants to deal with the lottery. And he's certainly willing to provide legal status for DREAMers. So if those are your four principle points and they've been known for months, there ought to be a way to reach an agreement.","Border security means a wall?","It means border security. The president's acknowledged he's not talking about a wall from sea to shining sea. But it does require physical structures in a lot of places. Back in 2006, Congress actually voted for about twice the amount of physical barriers that we have today - so finishing that off, rebuilding parts of it. But again, as both General Kelly and the president acknowledged, we're not talking about a wall across the entire length of the border. But we are calling for much more intense border security.","Representative Tom Cole of Oklahoma, thanks for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It means border security... But we are calling for much more intense border security.  Implication: A is clarifying that \"border security\" does not only mean building a wall, but also includes other measures, such as physical barriers in certain areas and intensified security measures overall.","questions":"Which term describes the intensified border security measures PersonA is calling for?","answer":"intense"}
{"text":["So how did this all come about, and how did you get involved?","My partner, Josh Farahzad, just about this time last year, you know, he started thinking - well, what if I launched a rocket into outer space?You know, he didn't really know what he was doing. So he started sending emails to pretty much every university rocketry team in the country. And I was doing a launch with the Princeton University Rocketry Club. He saw our livestream, and he had reached out. I guess after that, I spent thousands of hours just working with Josh one-on-one and leading this very, very tremendous team.","And as the team grew to - what?- I guess about 40 people, you're communicating with one another via a Slack channel.","That's right. You know, at some point, we didn't pay for the Slack premium account. So, you know, I think within a month or two, our messages capped at 10,000. So we started losing our data.","Well, what's the big goal here, aside from actually getting a rocket into space?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Josh reached out to A after seeing their launch, and A spent a lot of time working with him","questions":"Which person spent thousands of hours working with Josh?","answer":"josh"}
{"text":["Yeah, you and I are on the same page. I think that's craziness. I don't like temporary tax reductions. I don't like temporary legislative fixes, generally. I want to see permanent legislative fixes. So I am against the fact that they are temporary, but I'd rather have, as a person who pays these taxes, as a middle-income person - I'd rather have seven years of tax reduction than what the Democrats were proposing, which was a trillion dollars in increased taxes.","I'd like to talk about the political ramifications. By and large, polls show this isn't popular, and it pushes through some very substantial changes in the financial lives of Americans. Do you think that there will be a cost come 2018?","No, I think what we're going to see is if the economic effects of this are positive, then it will have positive political ramifications. For the most part - and again, I'm just talking regular people. Regular people vote with their wallets. If the economy continues to improve, and we're seeing robust growth - the last growth number was 3. 3 percent, which is extraordinary higher than anything we saw in the Obama era. If that kind of growth continues, if real job growth continues, if real wage growth continues, we're going to see a wave election for Republicans.","And how do you think the deficit problems will be resolved?How are you hoping that that will be addressed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A implies that positive economic effects of the tax reductions will have positive political developments for the Republicans","questions":"How will positive economic effects of tax reductions impact the Republicans politically?","answer":"Positively"}
{"text":["The economy is the number one issue. And one of the things that makes it very difficult for a candidate to campaign in Ohio is that when they come to Ohio to talk about the economy, they can't just talk about a single aspect. When you talk to folks in the northern part of the state, northeast Ohio which includes Cleveland, and northwest Ohio which includes Toledo, when you're talking about the economy there, oftentimes the discussion is about trade.","When you talk about the economy in southwest Ohio, which is the Cincinnati area, there's much less talk about trade, and more discussion about wages and the salaries that people are making. The southeast area of the state, which is also known in part because of the Appalachian history of that part of the state, has high unemployment. A number of counties in southeast Ohio have double-digit unemployment. Many people in that region are talking about and focused on unemployment, solely as their economic concern.","And what about social issues?We heard in Celeste's piece a woman who is concerned about abortion. We know at least in southern Ohio that there are big concerns about social issues. How do those play out?","When we were looking at this race last fall and in the early spring, we were seeing a lot of issues, economic, social, foreign policy issues. However, once we've gotten into the fall election period here, the economy is overwhelming everything else.","Eric Rademacher, co-director of the University of Cincinnati's Ohio poll. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"How do those play out\" implies that there is a lot to discuss about social issues, not actually physically playing.","questions":"How does turn 3 relate to turn 2? (Answer: Overwhelmingly)","answer":"Overwhelmingly"}
{"text":["And 18-year-old?","Yeah, from the Internet.","Don't try this - well, he tried it at home, I guess.","He's - I mean, so he's, you know, he sent me like his amazing pictures of jet engines in what looks like a basement, you know, flaming out."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In this turn, the speaker is using sarcasm and irony. The literal meaning suggests that the person being discussed sent impressive pictures of jet engines in a basement, which are flaming out. However, the actual meaning implies that the person's actions or pictures were not impressive or desirable.","questions":"How would you describe the pictures sent by the person being discussed in turn 3?","answer":"Impressive"}
{"text":["What did it mean to many Italian Americans to have Columbus Day established as a federal holiday back in the 1930s?","One has to remember that when Italians arrive here in the late 1880s in mass - we're talking about 4 1\/2 millions who come - Italian immigrants who come between 1880s and 1924 - they encounter America that is xenophobic, that is engaging in acts of violence against immigrants. One has to remember the lynching in New Orleans of 11 Italian Americans in 1891 so that Columbus becomes this figure that Italians latch on to as a way to get a foothold in this incredibly hostile environment that they find themselves in.","So what has the reaction been among many Italian American groups and Italian American families to the emphasis in recent years on seeing the racism and brutality and violence in Columbus' personal history?","There's an emotional bond to Columbus. I've read poetry which has - says, you know, when I look at the figure of Columbus on a statue, I don't see Columbus. I see my grandfather. I see the sort of worker's hands in his hands. I see the visage, his visage. And I see that of my grandfather. So there's a really emotional bond there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Italians depended on Columbus as a means to make themselves relevant in American society.","questions":"Which figure did Italian Americans latch on to as a way to get a foothold in the hostile environment they encountered in America?","answer":"Columbus"}
{"text":["Right, right.",". . . these invisible energies, these kind of cosmic influences and attractions and repulsions. So the notion was that the seed contained - you know, was pulled by the sun to drive up a clock. The seed was embedded in a cork in a tub of water, and it was shown, in certain cases, you know, to, when he displayed it, to - no matter which way, whatever you did with the cork, it would go right back and display the accurate time.","Wow.","But it was really a parlor trick because there was also a magnet embedded in the cork. And so if he had enough time beforehand to set this parlor trick up, before people arrived to see it, he would figure out, relative to magnetic north, where the sun would be, and he would set it up so that it would always show the correct time."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The trick was not really performed in a parlour - it is simply a saying that means that there was more to what was happening than people could easily see ","questions":"How was the parlor trick performed?","answer":"Wow"}
{"text":["But your hands were cold?","Very cold.","That decision to try to turn around, you thought you could have summitted, but you might have endangered your hands?","I know I could have summitted. Yes, however - yes, I wasn't willing to lose my fingers or a tip of a finger, even, for the summit of K2."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the speaker could have reached the summit of K2 but chose not to risk losing their fingers or a tip of a finger. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker prioritizes their physical well-being over the achievement of reaching the summit of K2. This suggests that the speaker is sensible and cautious when it comes to decision-making, even in high-risk situations.","questions":"How did the speaker prioritize their well-being?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["Right, well, the idea is that you just want somebody to come back to court. That is the point of bail. And so if somebody is low-risk to themselves, low-risk to society and they want themselves to be done and over with this, you know, incident, then you can just remind somebody to come and that will happen. So it could just be a text reminder - don't forget your court date. This is when it is. This is where you show up. And a lot of times that actually works quite well.","Is this part of a trend against bail in this country?","I think it is perhaps the tip of a trend against bail. Advocates have been arguing that we need bail reform for quite a long time.","Why reform?What has been wrong with the bail system up to this point?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Bail reform is a movement to change the way bail works in the criminal justice system. The goal of bail reform is to reduce the number of people who are held in jail before trial because they cannot afford bail","questions":"What is the goal of bail reform?","answer":"reform"}
{"text":["Now, there are a handful of things we know about the narrator of your book, Alice Hare. She's a philosophy graduate. She's adopted. She has complicated relationships with her adoptive and her birth relations. And she is obsessed with a slightly older woman, a Japanese writer called Mizuko Himura. So could you sort of pick it up from there?","I think you're totally right in saying that she is completely obsessed with this older woman. And I think part of the reason why that happens is because her own story is very dim. And in place of any sort of certainty about who she is or where she comes from or what her own origin story might be, she starts to fixate on this woman who, for her, is this mixture of some parallels that she perceives between them, but equally quite a lot, I think, of wishful thinking and this sort of imaginary bond she assumes them to share.","Now, Alice's relationship to Mizuko in real life is a creation, right?I mean, she's done all this research. She's googled all over the place.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : implies that Alice's own story is uncertain and she is looking for a connection that she wishes to share with Mizuko.","questions":"How is Alice's relationship with Mizuko described?","answer":"Obsessed"}
{"text":["And he has gotten some criticism, interestingly, from some of his previously most supportive conservative voices, like Ann Coulter and Alex Jones of InfoWars but also from Congress, who've been asking the same questions as your previous guest, which is, what is the overall strategy for solving the Syrian crisis?So far, the strategy seems to be defeat ISIS and get out. And, wherever possible, make it contrast with President Obama. But the strategy does seem to be very similar to President Obama's - do the bare minimum to save face when chemical weapons are used.","And it is possible that maybe you can't really solve the Syrian problem or even stop Assad from using chemical weapons if you're not willing to risk hitting some Russians because all of Syria's most valuable military assets now are intertwined with Russians in Syria.","So you say that some of his actions have been uncharacteristically un-Trumpian and that they're reminiscent of Obama. But what is Trumpian is that he's been conducting Syria policy over Twitter.","That's right, and he previewed the strikes. He said they were coming fast and smart. The missiles were coming. He then backtracked and said, maybe I haven't decided on a strike. And then, he tweeted something that really got everyone's attention. He said mission accomplished, which are two words that. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The strategy to solve the Syrian crisis is similar to Obama's","questions":"How does the strategy for solving the Syrian crisis compare to Obama's?","answer":"Similar"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News and Notes. If a child commits a crime, even a serious one, should they go through the same justice system, and pay the same price as an adult?That's just one of a host of issues surrounding juvenile justice. Today is part of our ongoing series on criminal justice.","We look at how kids end up behind bars, and what other options judges have when faced with a young offender. For more, we have Carole Shauffer, executive director of the Youth Law Center. Welcome Carole.","Thank you. Welcome.","So, let's start with a little scenario. There is a 16 year old and his friend, who go into a convenient store. They ask for money. The clerk says no. The friend shoots the clerk. If the 16-year-old is arrested and charged, what are some of the possible paths that the justice system could take, with the person who was not the shooter, but who was part of this crime?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"possible paths\" - This is a literal expression referring to different options or courses of action that could be taken.","questions":"Which expression in turn 3 refers to various options that could be taken in the justice system?","answer":"Paths"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me on.","I think a lot of people don't want to hear anything you have to say until I've asked you this question. Are you being used by Vladimir Putin?","(Laughter) No, I don't think so. When people look at this, you know, particularly with Russia in the news as much as it is, there's always this cloud of suspicion that's leveled against anybody who can be, in the most stretched way, associated with Russia. It wasn't my choice to be in Russia.","Most stretched way - you're living there in Moscow. You have been for six years."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is always people that are suspicious of those that are associated with Russia in any way, even the smallest way.","questions":"How is anybody associated with Russia viewed by people?","answer":"Suspicion"}
{"text":["Right. So we're talking about the acting Director of National Intelligence Joseph Maguire going before the House Intelligence Committee tomorrow. Now, he's been on the job all of one month. And so far, his role has been to block the whistleblower complaint from going forward and reaching Congress. But there are signs that he doesn't necessarily agree with this position, that it's lawyers who've made him sort of take this position.","He's not a chatty guy. But last night, he issued a statement saying, I am committed to protecting whistleblowers and ensuring every complaint is handled appropriately. So that sort of statement came out of the blue. And then today, there was a report that he had threatened to resign if he was told to go before Congress and stonewall. He quickly responded and said. . .","You mean if the administration had blocked him from testifying before Congress.","Correct. Correct. And so he said that was not true. He said he didn't consider resigning. But it's certainly going to make for a very interesting day tomorrow to see what he says when he goes before the committee."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Not a chatty\" doesn't just mean he isn't highly talkative, it means he rarely says anything. Whistleblowers, out of the blue, and stonewall are also figurative. ","questions":"How would you describe Maguire's communication style?","answer":"Reserved"}
{"text":["Well, we're looking at, what can we use that $80 million for?And so that's being discussed right now. The - you know, we requested that that this aid come. However, the White House hasn't shared the parameters of this funding with us yet. And so that's what we're working on right now. And whether or not that - those funds have to be used for drinking water or those funds can be actually used for infrastructure.","So you have no idea yet how much or any - how - if you will get any of that $80 million (unintelligible).","Well, we'll get the $80 million. That's not - that's not the issue. The issue is, you know, how can we use it that $80 million?And that's what we're negotiating with the White House today.","My colleague, Ari Shapiro, spoke with the mayor of Flint this week. And she said that the trust between the state and the city has essentially been broken and that residents of Flint have felt abandoned. How do you, as the man tasked with leading this effort to fix this problem, how do you start to rebuild that trust?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : mplies that A needs to find a way to re-establish the trust between the state and the city that has been damaged due to the crisis.","questions":"What is the issue that PersonA is negotiating with the White House?","answer":"Funding"}
{"text":["That's why things spin, hurricanes and. . .","Yeah. . .",". . . spin in one direction.",". . . why everything spins. And it has to do with the fact that the Earth is rotating. So it's a physics problem.","So tell us, describe. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Turn 1: \"spin\" is used as a general term to describe rotational movement, whereas its literal meaning is to rotate rapidly and smoothly around a central axis.","questions":"What is the literal meaning of \"spin\"?","answer":"rotate"}
{"text":["And it might take you until next summer to finish \"Wolf Hall,\" to be ready.","So this is - I want to correct the misapprehension that this is a hard book to read. This is a - like, a - certainly a long piece of psychologically realistic fiction. But you - from the minute you meet Thomas Cromwell, you really are going to be sucked in. And if - if you are a \"Game Of Thrones\" watcher who is interested in how power corrupts, how an intensely human, brilliant person can, you know, become the kind of person that maybe dragon fires a whole village or - I don't know - takes down the Catholic Church and murders a queen, then, you know, \"Wolf Hall\" is for you. Plus, you then will have the benefit of being right on time in March, when the third one comes out.","What about for your friend, the - the I-don't-do-fiction reader, the reader that wants to read. . .","I don't know any of those people. (Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The person does know people like that including himself and is joking.","questions":"What is the person's response to the suggestion that they know someone who doesn't read fiction?","answer":"Joking"}
{"text":["Exactly. That's what we did in this particular study. We looked at one aspect of vocal behavior, which is whether the mouth is open or closed. And we looked at living dinosaurs - birds. We have 10,000 species today. Most of them vocalize, sing with an open mouth. But some birds produce sound with a closed mouth. They actually inflate different structures that allow them to resonate, often at lower frequencies than many other birds. But we also needed to look at alligators and crocodiles as the closest cousins to dinosaurs.","Well, I have actually heard alligators bellow and make a terrific noise.","Well, exactly, and that bellow is a closed-mouth sound. So when we think of our T.  rex, we don't need to imagine just simple cooing. But there are a variety of generally low frequency sounds that are produced in this way.","Do you think there are other things about dinosaurs that we've gotten wrong for a long time?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker has heard alligators bellow and make a great noise. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is surprised to know that alligators produce sound with a closed mouth. ","questions":"How did alligators produce sound?","answer":"Closed"}
{"text":["She does. I'm afraid she is both beautiful and brilliant and clever but also rather naive, and she meets the wrong guy. She isn't. . .","She's naive because she's lonely, Dame Stella.","She's lonely. She is lonely, yes, but she's also - I think she's also naive. I have to say that. I mean, you can be lonely and cautious. But, I mean, she is an example, I think, of somebody who believes in civil liberties, as do I, as do many people. But she also believes, you know, in the need for our intelligence services to have the right powers. And she finds herself, I suppose, torn in the middle of that debate. And, as you say, unfortunately, she falls for the wrong guy whose interests are not hers.","Dame Stella, is MI5 ever worried that you'll just wake up one morning and say, oh, remember when this happened?I think I'll make it a novel."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : has a figurative meaning, as it is implying a joke about the idea of Dame Stella turning her experiences into a novel.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue implies a potential conflict of interest for Dame Stella?","answer":"turn2"}
{"text":["A Russian activist has shared a secret video clip that shows two of the Pussy Riot members who were arrested being interrogated. A furious policeman shouts, sometimes I regret that it's not 1937 - the time called the Great Terror in Russia under Josef Stalin, in which a million or more people were executed.","Pussy Riot knows the score. They live and strive in a country where activists, dissidents, artists and reporters can suffer for their bravery, and they went ahead with their action anyway, just below Vladimir Putin's cold smile. Pussy Riot are champions.","(Singing) Big smile for the camera. It's always on. It's all in the protocol. They tapped my phone. Golden idols holding rivals. Take my body, anybody. I'm your trophy. Make my nose bleed. Now you own me. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could die. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could cry. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could cry. Everybody's doing the same thing, and it makes me happy, yeah. It makes me happy, yeah. Oh, my God.","Pussy Riot."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The policeman is expressing a desire to execute the Pussy Riot members, as he regrets not being able to do so in a time when millions were executed under Stalin's regime.","questions":"How does the policeman feel about the Pussy Riot members?","answer":"Desires"}
{"text":["No. From a technical point of view and economic point of view, I think objectively one would say no. Psychologically and politically at this point, because this issue had become central for more than 10 years, if they give up on that, they would lose politically. So, at this point, it's a political psychological necessity.","They want to be able to say we're - we made a real deal, we're a real country, we can enrich uranium if we want.","Exactly.","Is that a good technical - technically speaking, given your knowledge in this area, is that a good precaution for so many nations to have?I mean, what's the step between nuclear enrichment for peaceful purposes and developing a bomb?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"They want to be able to say we're - we made a real deal, we're a real country, we can enrich uranium if we want.\"  The speaker is suggesting that the desire for the ability to enrich uranium is not solely motivated by a practical need, but also by a desire for national prestige and recognition as a \"real country.\" The implied meaning is that there may be political and symbolic reasons behind a country's pursuit of nuclear capabilities, not just technical or practical ones.","questions":"How is the desire to enrich uranium motivated?","answer":"Prestige"}
{"text":["Well, it's a toolkit, and so what we think it is it's multifunctional, depending on what the particular need is for the attackers. They probably use this in multiple operations, a variety of operations, and so depending on what they need for a specific target, what they want to steal, they will only download those particular modules to the system.","So in some cases they may be wanting just documents, and so they'll just, you know, download a module that does that. If they want to be listening to meetings that are happening in a room, want to be monitoring email of who's communicating with who, then they would download, you know, those kinds of modules.","Who's the they behind this?","Well, that's the mystery. You know, if we look at where the infections are occurring, and you mentioned that it's primarily in the Middle East, there have been a scattering of infections in Hungary, Austria, Hong Kong, but they're mostly in Iran, places like Syria, Sudan as well, Lebanon, and some cases in occupied West Bank and inside Israel. But the inside Israel ones may be unique for specific reasons."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"what we think it is it's multifunctional\" - This phrase is redundant and can be simplified to \"we think it is multifunctional.\"","questions":"How would you summarize the toolkit's purpose?","answer":"Multifunctional"}
{"text":["Look. The president attaches himself personally to stories. In terms of numbers, he touts a lot of numbers there. We tend to forget that even under Obama, three American hostages were returned from North Korea. Hostages from Iran returned. There were a lot of them. Except that never before had the president personalized it.","That's Mickey Bergman, vice president of the Richardson Center for Global Engagement. He was kind enough to join us here in our studios in Washington, D. C.","Mr.  Bergman, thank you for joining us.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : joining us implies being part of a program or activity and not referring to mixing or attaching people together ","questions":"What does \"joining us\" imply in turn 2?","answer":"Participation"}
{"text":["Right now, the police - I can't tell you for sure. I can tell you as to my prosecutors, what we did is we took the supervisor and the people involved in our charging decisions, and they actually help us work the system. So the process that we have created actually was a collaboration with people in my office. So they are supportive, and they're intrigued by what it's going to look like.","Again, we want to make sure that there are no negative unintended consequences to this. So we're going to be looking at it very closely. We are working with the Sanford people to make sure that we create the right metrics, you know?The goal here is to do something that will do the right things. And part of that will be learning and seeing if there are any negative unintended consequences that - we want to go back and fix them very quickly.","That is George Gascon. He is the district attorney for the city and county of San Francisco. George Gascon, thank you so much for talking with us.","My pleasure, Michel."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They are worried about any negative consequences of their actions and will fix them quickly.","questions":"What is the goal of their collaboration with the Sanford people?","answer":"Right"}
{"text":["I think we overstate this, right?I really do. I think we overstate the threat that primaries pose, No. 1, to members. No. 2, what I would suggest is, OK, so what?That's your job. It's comes with the territory, right?And last time I checked, the Constitution wasn't written so that members could win re-election without threat, right?That's not the point.","The whole point - the whole basis of our regime of democratic accountability is so that members are held accountable for the decisions they make in office, not to push those decisions off elsewhere so that they can just keep winning. The only place where our views and our concerns are adjudicated in this wonderful nation of ours is in Congress. It's the only place. And if Congress isn't doing that, then Congress isn't doing its job.","So you seem less concerned that the president is overreaching than that the Congress is sitting on its hands.","I think that is the much bigger concern. The president most certainly it appears to be overreaching, right?I mean, this law has been passed presumably not to do end runs around Congress when the president can't get what he or she wants. So if you want funding, it seems to me, the best way to get it is to actually bargain and haggle and try to - and refuse to sign bills that don't give you that funding."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Members should be held accountable for the decisions they make in office","questions":"What is the basis of democratic accountability for members?","answer":"decisions"}
{"text":["I assume, Sean, you're not going to have anyone there kind of pulling in the CNN-type touchscreen - pulling up results from various provinces. When might we get a really solid indication of who the next president of Afghanistan will be?","You're right. It is going to take some time here. We should start to get some basic, preliminary results in the coming days. But the actual count won't be completed until April 20. But once that's released, there's going to be several weeks of challenges, and a period where another body evaluates fraud and complaints and challenges from candidates. And May 14th is when the final, certified results of today's vote will actually be released. And most analysts are convinced that there's no chance any of the candidates will get more than 50 percent of the vote today, which means the top two candidates will go to a runoff, probably to be held sometime in June; meaning, we're looking at sometime late summer, early fall, actually, before we know who the next president of Afghanistan's going to be.","NPR's Sean Carberry in Kabul. Thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Thanks so much\" is not meant literally but figuratively as an expression of gratitude.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of the phrase \"Thanks so much\" in turn 2?","answer":"Gratitude"}
{"text":["That's for sure. And what we really think this overdose, if it would be moved forward with a company, would be packaged as a shot to have on - hands on, you know, with an ambulance or ER clinics for, you know, life or death situations.","Doesn't it raise some ethical concerns about having an antidote?","I don't think an antidote raises the ethical concerns. The ethical concerns would be more raised with what's known as the active vaccine, which basically requires multiple injections, and you have circulating antibodies for life in that potential individual.","So, you know, one could be potentially marked that you had that vaccine. The antidote vaccine we're developing now would be eliminated in the body within a matter of days."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Doesn't it raise some ethical concerns about having an antidote?\"  The literal meaning of the turn is that B is asking whether the development of an antidote raises ethical concerns. However, the implied meaning is that B is questioning the ethical implications of having an antidote that can quickly reverse the effects of an overdose. B is concerned that having an antidote might lead to people being less careful with their drug use and may increase the risk of overdoses.","questions":"What is PersonB concerned about regarding the development of an antidote?","answer":"Carelessness"}
{"text":["But I do think, at the Pew level, if you will, this is a divisive issue. And I am really hoping and I'm personally praying that evangelicals will stop and say, this one's too far. We don't want to close that golden door on people fleeing persecution, including people who are persecuted for their Christian faith. I think it's maybe not gotten a lot of attention that Christian refugees from some of the countries where Christians face the worst persecution in the world, along with other religious minorities, are also really dramatically harmed by these policies.","As I understand it, a big part of your work is talking to fellow evangelicals about this - about immigration more broadly. Can you give us a sense of what you hear in those conversations?","Yeah. You know, I wouldn't do this work - I think I'd be completely burned out if it wasn't for the opportunities I have on a fairly regular basis to be in an evangelical church in various parts of the country on a Sunday morning, preaching and teaching on God's heart for immigrants.","And what's encouraging to me is when I speak in churches, the response is actually really positive. I think a lot of churches are afraid to even have that conversation. But when they do, I find that most people are really receptive if it's grounded not in a political agenda - we're not there to tell people to vote for Republicans or vote for Democrats - but in a biblical message that focuses on who we know God to be, as revealed in the Bible, and his particular concern for vulnerable refugees."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It is important to discuss God's message of care for refugees without being politically divisive.","questions":"Which message should be focused on when discussing care for refugees?","answer":"Biblical"}
{"text":["So, Bill, what do you make of the president's remarks?","Every time I hear President Bush talk about billions, I start thinking about Carl Sagan and talking about billions of stars and billions of this. Part of the problem when I listen to and consider what President Bush is talking about is more what he doesn't talk about, that U. S.  aid to Africa is significant in terms of dollar amounts that are mentioned, but as a percentage of what the United States does offers internationally, it's actually not all that significant.","A couple of years ago, I did a little research on this and discovered that U. S.  aid to Africa, if you withdraw Egypt, is less than Israel. That is - that the total aid is less than the aid to one country, a key ally of the United States. So that figure told me a little bit about the priorities of the United States.","The second thing is that there are regularly strings attached to U. S.  aids. So whether it's the assistance to combat HIV and AIDS, there are these strings around the issue of abstinence, abstinence only, as a condition for significant amounts of aid to combat that disease. A second issue is that whereas the United Nations has had a internationally recognized program combating AIDS\/HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, the Bush administration has refused to give full funding to that U. N.  program and instead was more interested in setting up its own bureaucracy to offer assistance, which seems to be run contrary all of the rhetoric about a, you know, that conservatives often offer about eliminating costs."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Every time I hear President Bush talk about billions, I start thinking about Carl Sagan and talking about billions of stars and billions of this. - Implied meaning: A is critical of President Bush's remarks, particularly regarding U.S. aid to Africa and his failure to discuss its significance in terms of international aid offered by the United States.","questions":"What does PersonA think about President Bush's remarks regarding billions?","answer":"Remarks"}
{"text":["So not just a lost city, a lost civilization?","That's right. He emailed Michael back in Roatan, and I'll never forget we were returning from breakfast and this normally phlegmatic kind of skeptical scientist who is rolling his eyes at the whole idea that there is going to be lost city comes running out of his room, racing in his flip-flops, waving his arms and yelling, there's something in the valley. My God, I don't know what it is, but you've got to come and look at it. So we all went rushing over to this room and looked at these images. And I looked at them and I was actually thunderstruck myself. I mean, there is no mistaking what we were looking at.","We're talking with Doug Preston, an author and contributing writer at National Geographic, The Atlantic and Smithsonian magazines. He also writes for The New Yorker. \"The El Dorado Machine\" is in the May 6th edition. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And eventually, other target areas were also mapped and also revealed enormous structures - entire cities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A civilization that has become unknown to other civilizations over the years.","questions":"Which term describes the lost city?","answer":"civilized"}
{"text":["And to do that you have to make time as a real thing.","Well sure because if laws can change in time, then there's nothing beyond time. And this is. . .","Yeah, I understand. How would then - how would the laws of nature then change over time?What is the mechanism that they would be changing or change them?","Well, since I'm a scientist, my job once coming to the philosophical idea that they have to change, is to invent hypotheses as to how they might change. And the whole point is that these hypotheses, since they're about the past, should be testable by observations we can make. So in the book \"Time Reborn\" I consider several of these hypotheses."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : NONE","questions":"What is the book mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"TimeReborn"}
{"text":["Another interesting way to measure Tunisia's success, or lack thereof, is the number of people who are just fleeing the country by sea.","Right. Exactly. Tunisia was the No. 1 contributor of migrants to Italy - Tunisians, not people from sub-Saharan Africa going through Tunisia. So this is another big issue. You have brain drain. You have - the suicide rate has almost doubled. All these show that people are frustrated. They're angry. They're not seeing the change they thought democracy would bring them or they thought the revolution would bring them.","And a poor economy, youth unemployment - these things can lead to protests, can lead to more political turmoil. What does the future look like for Tunisia?What are you going to be watching as it goes through this government transition?","So this transition has been smooth so far, but they're going to have to do elections on a really short schedule. They only have seven weeks to pull off presidential elections. That's not a lot of time. This is a crucial test for Tunisia to see how the democracy can actually move forward. Are they able to keep up with the constitution, to keep up with the procedures that are in place?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People fleeing from Tunisia implies a failure rather than success.","questions":"What is one indicator of Tunisia's lack of success according to PersonB's statement?","answer":"brain"}
{"text":["A controversial memo by House intelligence committee Chairman Devin Nunes is out, and the spin is on. Most Republicans say the memo demonstrates bias and abuse at the FBI. Democrats say it's a malicious and misleading effort to undermine the investigation of the special counsel Robert Mueller. Ron Elving, senior editor and correspondent on the Washington Desk, joins us. Ron, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning, Scott.","How do you characterize it?","Well, I'd call it a political document. It's meant to be catnip for people who want to believe that this whole business about Russian interference and collusion with elements of the Trump campaign is somehow bogus and can somehow just be made to go away. Now, the memo itself says that the FBI tried to get warrants to spy on Carter Page, who was an American citizen who advised the Trump campaign on foreign policy and that it based that bid on a dossier prepared by a British spy and paid for by Democrats.","Now, the memo leaves out a lot of facts about that dossier, but the most important thing is that the memo itself makes clear that the FBI had reasons to look at Carter Page all the way back to 2013 and other reasons to be looking at ties between Russian agents and the Trump campaign involving other people quite apart from the dossier. So the accusations of anti-Trump bias as the motive for the investigation at its very beginning are undercut by parts of the memo itself.","So more bluster than bite?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"catnip\" - figurative language meaning something that is appealing or attractive to a particular group","questions":"What is the meaning of the figurative language used in turn 3?","answer":"Appealing"}
{"text":["The writer Michael Kinsley, who's a friend of this program, wrote about the surge a few months ago. Look at the numbers before the surge. Look at the numbers after the surge. This is what the Bush administration calls a success. One hundred and thirty thousand Americans in Iraq at the beginning and at the end. This country will still have about 130,000 soldiers - American soldiers in Iraq. Michael Kinsley said, have we really succeeded anything or have we just kind of changed the metric in some way?","Oh my Lord. I mean, what we have in Iraq, and I just got back, you know, less than two weeks ago. What we have in Iraq is a government that is elected by its people. It's the only Arab-Muslim country of that type, of that form of government in that region. It will have a long- term security relationship and a strategic relationship with the United States and be aligned with the United States. That is a major positive outcome for us, particularly given the fact that in 2006 we nearly lost the country and suffered a humiliating defeat.","Things do look an awful lot different than they did two years ago. You had a significant role in that, in thinking about what should be done at a time when it was a very unpopular plan to be putting forth. No one was - there wasn't a very big cheering squad for that. I wonder if you sit back on an evening now and feel some kind of sense of satisfaction?What is that?'","Well, I think there were a lot of people that, you know, have a hand in it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : having a hand in it implies being an agent, playing a part or the reason why something happens,  and not meaning to have a part of one's hand inside something","questions":"What does having a hand in it imply?","answer":"Agent"}
{"text":["Well, yeah.","And - select which is the right kind of alcohol to put in there. Free test it.","Well, they - rum and bourbon.","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is asking A which type of alcohol to use for the recipe","questions":"How did PersonB prompt PersonA to suggest the type of alcohol to use in the recipe?","answer":"Which"}
{"text":["Largely because the Algerian move to split the groups had failed. One of the groups they thought they'd fought off decided to join al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb, moving south and trying to occupy the rest of Mali. And that forced the French to intervene earlier than they intended, and they forced the Algerians to attempt, in some way, to help in this process by allowing French over flights over Algeria.","And tell us about the Algerian government's interest here. This government has been - this is a country that's been very quiet compared to its neighbors who have been roiled since the Arab Spring.","Well, Algeria, partly because of the civil war in the 1990s, was able to avoid the worst outcomes of the Arab Spring, in the sense that the regime was able to continue there. And Algeria, too, feels that it should be the dominant power inside the region. It's, therefore, tempted to avoid, allowing other states to intervene in Mali, which is along its southern border. And it's also trying to create a defense force of 25,000 men to try to counter the activities of Islamist groups along its borders. But that really has failed.","And beyond that, too, the Algerians are extremely ambivalent about the French presence there, but they've come to realize that they can't deal with the problem without the French participating too. So all in all, the Algerian government is extremely frustrated, very irritated, embarrassed and now feels that it's got to accept something, which in the past it would never have dreamt of accepting."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Algerian government reluctantly accepts French help in dealing with the problem in Mali","questions":"Which government had to accept French help in dealing with the problem in Mali?","answer":"Algerian"}
{"text":["And no problems for their ears?","Well, there sometimes are problems for their ears. I mean, whenever you hear a kid screaming their brains out behind you or in front of you on a plane, probably that kid is having air pressure problems. And what happens is that, if they can't pop their ears very well - that is, popping your ears is equalizing the pressure in the middle ear with that in the atmosphere around you, which we mostly do by making those funny little motions with our jaw and swallowing and things like that - little kids often don't know how to do that.","What can happen is that, as the pressure in the plane drops, the pressure in the middle ear remains at sea level, and so the ear drum gets stretched. And ear drums don't like to get stretched. Sometimes they get stretched badly enough so that they can even tear, although that's really quite rare. One of the things that it does lead to is terrible pain sometimes for kids. I always recommend that parents give kids something to drink and sometimes just sort of chewing on a candy increases saliva, so that you swallow, and it allows pressure to equalize.","OK, so for kids who are not healthy, what about them?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Giving kids something to drink or chew on can help alleviate ear pressure","questions":"What can parents give their kids to help alleviate ear pressure?","answer":"Drink"}
{"text":["We are. . .","We are - yeah.","There's something - does that bother you or that we're experimenting on ourselves?","Oh, a little bit, I guess, you know?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"There's something - does that bother you or that we're experimenting on ourselves?\" The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking a direct question about whether the listener is bothered by the fact that they are experimenting on themselves. However, the actual meaning could be interpreted as the speaker expressing their own concerns or doubts about the experimentation.","questions":"Which one expressed their doubts about the experimentation in turn 2?","answer":"Doubts"}
{"text":["Well, tell us first, let's go back. How did you find out about this because I know they try and keep this very secret?How did you find out you had been awarded the MacArthur Grant?","I kind of got punked a little bit. I mean, it's the best way to get punked you could imagine, but they called me into the offices, I was going to be in Chicago for an event, and they basically called me in more or less under the pretense that they wanted me to talk about some candidates that I was recommending.","So of course I kind of scampered in to sort of support the folks that I was hoping would get it, and they just sort of surprised me with this, you know, this incredible gift and just, you know, it kind of just blew my brains open.","So they really did manage to keep it a secret?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The experience of being awarded the MacArthur Grant was overwhelming.","questions":"What was the gift that surprised the speaker?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["Absolutely. But on the other hand, you know, basically going toward an impeachment process without making sure that we have done our homework and have the case to win the approval of the American people and to get a conviction in the Senate may not be the best course. So right now. . .","But forgive - we just have half a minute left. Forgive - you and I always use baseball analogies. Are you essentially saying we're not going to begin the game until we know we can win it?","I think what I'm saying is we have to make sure that we go down the path where we can actually achieve the intended result. And right now, going into the impeachment process without having done all our homework is not what my constituents want. And I think that it's not necessarily the best course.","Representative Raja Krishnamoorthi of Illinois, thanks so much for being back with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's not a game. They mean they are not going to begin the impeachment unless they know they can succeed.","questions":"Which process are they hesitant to begin unless they can succeed?","answer":"impeachment"}
{"text":["I think Napoleon hated him partly because he didn't like the fact that this 6-foot-plus, incredibly dashing and physically brilliant general was such a contrast to him in every way. Napoleon, the brilliant strategist. So Napoleon didn't like being showed up. Also, he didn't like being confronted. He hated that and Dumas was really somebody who couldn't stop from speaking his mind.","And in 1798, Napoleon leads what they call the Expedition to Egypt, which is the French invasion of the Egypt. And he confronted Napoleon and said, essentially, I think this is an unjust and ill-considered, crazy venture. We're losing thousands of men to disease and what are we trying to do?Bring an empire to the Middle East?that's not why I joined the Revolution. I joined the Revolution to bring liberty, equality and fraternity to people.","And that confrontation, which was a public confrontation, was something that Napoleon could never forgive.","How did General Dumas wind up in prison?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"How did Dumas confront Napoleon during the Expedition to Egypt?","answer":"Confrontation"}
{"text":["It's a very large number. According to my client, it's only happened on one or two occasions, and she recalls one fairly recently in the last administration where a decision was overridden, but the supervisor explained the rationale and how the security concerns were mitigated. And she was willing to go along with his decision because it made sense.","In your client's complaint, the 25 people who were given security clearances are not named, but there has been reporting that President Trump overrode the decision of career officials to grant his son-in-law, Jared Kushner, a clearance. Can you tell us whether he's one of the people involved here?","I can't comment on that. My client is not willing to discuss individual security determinations. She thinks it would be improper.","Now that these accusations are in the hands of Congress and in the public eye, where does it go from here?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn that has a different meaning from its literal meaning is (2) \"President Trump overrode the decision of career officials to grant his son-in-law, Jared Kushner, a clearance\".  The phrase \"overrode the decision\" does not mean that President Trump simply disagreed with the decision made by the career officials and made a different decision. It implies that he forced the clearance to be granted despite objections from those officials.","questions":"How was President Trump's decision regarding Jared Kushner's security clearance described?","answer":"Forced"}
{"text":["Good to talk to you.","How important an event was this that Mr.  Kim missed?","It was a very important event. It's an event in a mausoleum where his father, previously ruler of North Korea is buried, interred, and so is his grandfather, the founding leader of North Korea. So it was a big deal. Kim Jong Un has not been seen since September 3, when he attended a concert in Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea, with his wife.","Before that, he'd been seen frequently, but always waddling with a really bad limp. He was clearly in discomfort, and finally the North Korean authorities said he is in physical discomfort. So there's something up. We don't quite know what. The speculation is he's had surgery, he's ill, ranging right through to there's been a coup, and he's lost power or certainly being shunted away from power. That's the speculation.","Now, we're talking about somebody who - as my recollection is - he's on television every two minutes. So this must be a tremendous vacuum in the lives of North Koreans."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : implies that North Koreans are used to seeing Kim Jong Un often.","questions":"Which country is the focus of the discussion in the dialogue?","answer":"North-Korea"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. Ratings for her daytime show are down, her magazine circulation numbers are falling, and a poll shows her popularity just isn't what it used to be. Is Oprah paying a price for publicly supporting Barack Obama's presidential campaign?","Plus, Jennifer Hudson won an Oscar for \"Dream Girls,\" so why did she take a small part in a big film?Plus, Laurence Fishburne gets a Tony Award nomination for his portrayal of Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall. To help us talk about these issues, we've got our entertainment guru, Allison Samuels of Newsweek Magazine. How're you doing?","Good. How are you?","You look fabulous because we're on camera. But it's a webcast, so we're working things out. So, good thing we both look fresh and smiling.","OK, yeah, always."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Oprah popularity and relevance seem to be diminishing due to her side in politics.","questions":"What is causing Oprah's decline?","answer":"political"}
{"text":["Well, it's true. There was a disaster of my own making at the National Book Awards. In my capacity as emcee, when Jacqueline Woodson won the National Book Award for children's literature, which was a wonderful moment for everyone, but certainly also for me, Jackie is a friend of mine. So after her win, I told a story about her and me. And the story did not go out well and many, many people were very upset by it, and rightfully so.","Yeah. It certainly made me react a little differently when I was reading this book. One of the first signs we get that Errol, the pirate captain, has lost his ability to track is that he falls into racist jokes.","Anyone who's had someone with dementia knows that terrible things often begin to come out of their mouths, which is shocking and mysterious and, of course, very upsetting and hurtful for their families.","Yeah. I think anyone reading this book would decide - not giving anything away - maybe being a pirate isn't the good idea that I thought it was.","It was - if I can convey one message to the people of the world, it's don't try piracy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implication here is that the reader should not try piracy, as it may not be as glamorous as it initially seems.","questions":"How should the reader approach piracy?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["So we shall see.","But I have learned a new phrase - brass-necked. Our own brass-necked Melissa Block is covering the World Cup.","(Laughter) I'm not sure if that's a compliment, Steve. But thanks.","I don't know. If it means tough, if it means on top of things, it is you, Melissa. Own it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Melissa Block is capable and competent. (implied from the phrase 'Own it.')","questions":"Which phrase describes Melissa Block's capabilities?","answer":"Capable"}
{"text":["The Confederates. 12,000 troops - give or take - under Confederate Commander Jubal Early.","And he had 12,000 troops?","More or less.","Amassed right over - up the street, basically?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Turn (1) implicates that the Confederate troops were roughly 12,000 in number, whereas the literal meaning is that they were exactly 12,000.","questions":"How many Confederate troops were under Commander Jubal Early?","answer":"12,000"}
{"text":["I think Russia wants what it's always wanted, which is to establish its own security. I suspect that Mr.  Putin, in his heart of hearts, would love to re-establish the borders of the old Soviet Union. And security, to them, consists of trying to defend yourself against everybody else. I think that's what they want. And so they regard all the rest of us with great suspicion and as potential enemies.","You write about people in intelligence looking over their shoulders at what you called the Snowdenistas. How has Edward Snowden and WikiLeaks hacking changed intelligence agencies and security work?","Well, I think it has changed. I think they need obviously, if they're going to be able to keep us safe, to see what their targets - and that is a broad word - are doing online. And yet, obviously, naturally, the civil liberties lobby is interested in our civil liberties and our right to privacy and so there's tension there. And I think that that is very much now a feature of the way intelligence services have to work in Western countries, particularly in my country. And the government is trying to introduce legislation which will actually give them the powers that they now need. But it's a very difficult business to get this right in the face of people's natural concern for their privacy.","Dame Stella, I fell hard for one of your characters in this novel, Jasminder."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : is asking how intelligence agencies have changed in response to Edward Snowden and WikiLeaks hacking","questions":"Which novel did PersonB express admiration for one of Dame Stella's characters?","answer":"Jasminder"}
{"text":["Well, that's a big part of the checkout of the - what we're doing for the first month or so is just going through and sort of systematically checking out each part of the rover, all of the science instruments, the basic mobility, capability, the arm, the different pieces just to make sure everything is okay after the voyage to Mars.","And then we'll start doing the science mission and really, in earnest, you know, start exploring the area around Bradbury's Landing. It's - in the case of ChemCam, we also get the benefit with the laser that we were actually able to do some early science measurements, as well. And so, as part of the checkout, we got science data in addition.","Do you have a rock in mind that you want to zap in earnest?","We did, yeah. Well, we actually zapped pretty much the area right around where the rover landed. And it's actually interesting to the scientists because the plume of the rocket engines actually, sort of, scoured out an area on both sides of the rover, which normally Mars is covered, all the surface area is covered, with a lot of dust."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It implies the inspection of all necessary equipment that was used for the voyage to Mars.","questions":"What is the purpose of the checkout that PersonA mentions?","answer":"Inspection"}
{"text":["The report we got yesterday on jobs was not the greatest, but it wasn't bad. Unemployment rate still at 3. 7%; that's historically low. The numbers were a little soft. We also heard the Federal Reserve Board chairman say he doesn't foresee a recession right away. And yet, the markets closed mixed, and the sentiment is still that the overhanging shadow of the trade war is the main issue on the mind of the markets and of businesses looking forward.","And finally, the president's self-inflicted controversy over whether he was told Alabama was threatened by a hurricane - and he used his own Sharpie to alter a map - seems to be lasting longer than the storm.","Oh, I wish it would. This began as a simple mistake, with the president warning and frightening people who were not in danger. So it was corrected right away by the weather service and could have been forgotten by now. Instead, the president has insisted on reviving it and doing so daily.","The latest is a statement from the parent agency of the National Weather Service saying the forecasters in Alabama were wrong to reassure the people of that state and correct the president last weekend. Weather forecasters in and out of government, in and out of Alabama, all rallying to the defense of the weather service forecasters there. All the data and the videotape confirm that. The parent agency in the White House have not responded to questions about this latest twist in the ongoing saga."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The numbers are not completely confirmed and memories of the trade war are what people are thinking about.","questions":"Which shadow is the main issue on the mind of the markets and of businesses looking forward?","answer":"Trade-War"}
{"text":["That's one of the projects, yeah, that I followed in the book. Can we build a limb that is basically indistinguishable from a natural arm?So if you're missing an arm, you get this new prosthetic that can sense and move and operate like a natural arm. And that's typically ambitious, and they call that DARPA-hard. Let's try something that just seems completely insane, totally, you know, crazy ambitious. And in that case, they didn't get there. They didn't quite get to that point, but they did get a lot of these technologies in motion for controlling a robot with mind power alone, for instance.","Yeah. How do they ensure that they keep getting new cutting-edge thoughts inside of DARPA?","That's one of the challenges, and that's one of the reasons I was able to write this book, too, because they need to get the word out. They need to find people out there who've got these ideas, who want to pitch them to DARPA. Or come to work for DARPA as a program manager because DARPA program managers, they all leave. After two to six years, they're gone. Their expiration dates are printed on their ID badges. So they've got this turnover, 25 percent every single year.","And they also have a deadline, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Developing a prosthetic that mimics natural arm capabilities is very challenging.","questions":"Which project did the speaker follow in the book?","answer":"limb"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And the blog that you refer to with Melissa Harris-Lacewell is a blog called Down from the Tower, and it's an ongoing discussion between Melissa and Marc Lamont Hill, who is a professor at Temple. And so, one day, you might click on, and Melissa will have the call and Marc will have the response. One day, he may toss out a question to her. He'll have the call and she'll have the response. And it's a very lively - up to now, it has been a political discussion. But they may take on other things. Politics seems to be dominating the moment.","But I do hope that the site evolves into one where our writers are talking to one another and talking to the Web and to communities that live outside The Root, bringing new information and ideas and, you know, creating a vibrant marketplace for idea.","And I also think one of the things that I like about - I'm glad you pointed out the exchange between Melissa and Marc, because it is debate and it is thoughtful, weighty, witty debate. And it's not\u2026","All right."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker praises the exchange between Melissa and Marc on the Down from the Tower blog, describing it as thoughtful, weighty, and witty debate. The literal meaning of the turn is straightforward. However, the implied meaning is that the exchange represents a rare and valuable example of substantive political discourse, which is often lacking in mainstream media. This suggests that the exchange has a broader significance than just being a discussion between two individuals.","questions":"How would you describe the exchange between Melissa and Marc?","answer":"Thoughtful"}
{"text":["But I have to say, every time that I think, OK, now is the time I'm going to get in, this is a great buying opportunity, as everyone tells me, every time I look at the stock market, it's gone down again, and I think, phew, it's the end of the day. Thank goodness I didn't buy in today. But then the next day, it happens again.","Yeah, I know. It's depressing. Looking at this market, the market is a reflection of worldwide psychology. So clearly, people around the world are depressed right now, and they're not optimistic about the future, which is sad.","But in the long run, the things that will make the most money are not pieces of rock like gold or liquids like oil or cash, which is just pieces of paper, but real growing companies that are servicing strong demographic trends.","It's impossible to call a bottom. Yes, all these stocks that are cheap could get cheaper, but now is certainly one of the best times to buy stocks that we've seen in the past 70 years. I mean, it's incredible, which is why Warren Buffett is out there buying stocks right now."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The state of the stock market reflects the worldwide pessimism and depression","questions":"What does the stock market reflect?","answer":"sentiment"}
{"text":["The Confederates. 12,000 troops - give or take - under Confederate Commander Jubal Early.","And he had 12,000 troops?","More or less.","Amassed right over - up the street, basically?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Turn (1) implicates that the Confederate troops were roughly 12,000 in number, whereas the literal meaning is that they were exactly 12,000.","questions":"What was the approximate number of Confederate troops according to A?","answer":"More"}
{"text":["The president elect will need to pick someone else to become commerce secretary. New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson took himself out of the running because of an investigation into how some of his donors won a lucrative contract. How serious a problem is this withdrawal for the Obama transition team?","Much less of a problem than they would have had had some of this come to light or if the seriousness of this grand jury investigation and the length of it had come to light after Bill Richardson had become secretary of commerce. So it's much easier to replace someone who is an appointee than someone who's already in the job, and there are a number of other people, quite a long list, many of them quite distinguished, who can step into this role, and I suspect we'll see a name this week.","Ron, let's turn now to the Senate. Roland Burris of Illinois, who was tapped by Rod Blagojevich, says he'll show up at the Senate door even though Senate leaders have said they won't seat him. So what's going to happen there?","At midday on Tuesday, unless something is worked out in advance, Roland Burris will come and attempt to present his credentials to the Senate to be seated along with the other new members who have just been elected in the November elections and some appointees since then."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The withdrawal of Bill Richardson is not a big problem for Obama transition team because they can easily replace him with a number of distinguished people.","questions":"How many people can step into the role of commerce secretary?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["They're voting for him for various reasons. A, he was a very big Maidan supporter. He was clearly pushing the opposition to take a very pro-European and pro-Western stand. He was helping with those victims during the fights. He was basically becoming one of the faces of Maidan. And that's one of the reasons why people are actually voting for him. The second reason is because he is an oligarch where, actually, now they can turn to.","You know, when you have the central government break down, the people need some kind of stability. And that's not going to be civil society. It needs to be something bigger than that. And the oligarchs are coming, very interestingly, back in the picture by that. The question is not whether Poroshenko is going to win and why he's going to win - what he's going to do with his mandate. If he understands that he needs to bring in a new generation of Ukrainians and do the reform, I think Ukraine is going to be in a very good place.","Balazs Jarabik is a scholar and analyst we reached from Kiev. Thanks very much for being with us.","Thanks, really, for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  A: \"Thanks, really, for having me.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is an expression of gratitude for being invited to participate. The actual meaning is that the speaker appreciates the opportunity to share their knowledge and expertise on the topic at hand.","questions":"How was the PersonA's contribution perceived?","answer":"Gratitude"}
{"text":["Fungus Blues - I love it.","Fungus Blues.","And they fell in love. And, you know, my dad, he was trying to find another way of living other than the one that he was in.","(Singing) Hustle was your middle name when you were a young man.","What was it about his current way of living at the time that was dissatisfying?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : This statement implies that A's father is probably using his old age to hustle rather than to enjoy which he is not satisfied with.","questions":"How is PersonA's father's current way of living described in the dialogue?","answer":"Hustle"}
{"text":["That's absolutely - and people are outraged at the written bylines. They just haven't taken that conversation from the words to the images.","You have cited a bombshell report in the Columbia Journalism Review by Kristen Chick. It documents assault, harassment, allegations against prominent men in the field. And you, I gather, were not surprised.","We all knew this. We all know how bad it's been. I've been in this industry for almost two decades. I've been paid less by men, overlooked on assignments that have been given to men. I've been groped and intimidated in the field and in the workplace by men. But I have been lucky for the most part. Kristen interviewed 50 women over five months, named two prominent photographers but, more importantly, detailed an industry that is rampant with physical, emotional, mental discrimination that is preventing women from being behind the camera, that is causing women to leave the industry but also that is signaling to women, this is the cost of business. This is what you have to accept if you want to do this job.","I want to drill down on one of the photojournalism agencies involved in these allegations. That's VII. It's an incredibly prominent agency, influential in the field. Can you remind us of what those allegations are about?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Not a shell of a bomb, but a very surprising bit of information that shocks people.","questions":"How would you describe the bombshell report mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Bombshell"}
{"text":["So, I mean, I think it does definitely set a dangerous precedent, but I think if you're online, realistically, you have to assume that there's a great deal of data being accumulated about everything you do and you have to assume that your privacy always could be jeopardized. I think, you know, that's - from a common sense standpoint, you had to assume this would happen sooner or later.","Just quickly, what should you do if so?","That's a good question. I mean, I don't think there's an easy answer to that. Just be very aware that everything you're doing could be documented. I mean, there's ways you can do things from some other IP address other than your own. I mean, I think - people think of it as something that only matters as far as people stealing copyrighted work, but there's many other ratifications. I mean, people all around the world use things like Google and YouTube, and there have been cases of government entities seeking to use data to go after political dissidents for what they're doing online. . .","All right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is expected that your online privacy will be compromised.","questions":"What is the dangerous precedent that PersonA thinks is being set?","answer":"data"}
{"text":["And one alternative for officials looking to monitor nonviolent offenders as they await trial are electronic monitoring devices - ankle bracelets. But according to a report in The New York Times, ankle monitors are often provided by private companies that can charge large fees for their services. In fact, defendants are often left to foot the bill - up to $10 a day. If they don't pay up or miss payments, they may end up behind bars anyway.","We wanted to talk about this, so we've called Blake Strode, executive director of ArchCity Defenders. They're one of the civil rights groups that brought a class-action lawsuit against the city of St.  Louis, which led to this week's cash bail changes. Blake Strode, welcome. Thanks so much for talking to us.","Thank you. Thanks for having me.","So, first, would you just tell us the two big changes that the Missouri Supreme Court ruling is supposed to bring about?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are lot literally bracelets, which are a form of jewellery, they are just known as such ","questions":"How are ankle monitors described in the dialogue?","answer":"Bracelets"}
{"text":["Well, you know, Lula to his supporters is an Abe Lincoln-type figure. He is the face of the working class that accomplished something. I mean, he was Brazil's first president who came from poverty. He ran for president three times and lost. And then when he finally got in, he had in some respects the good fortune of presiding over a commodities boom. And therefore, 30 million Brazilians came out of poverty and into the middle class during his presidency from 2003 to 2010. Since then, as you know, things have fallen apart. And he had a role in that, a role in the economic mismanagement but also a role in the corrupt ways of doing business in politics.","Remind us what exactly he's being accused of.","Well, Lula has five sets of corruption charges against him. And this one that he was sentenced for recently was - it involves a beachfront apartment that he was allegedly given access to with his family in return for considerations on a - what amounted to a government contract.","And it's part of, of course, a wider corruption scandal that has been uncovered that's really rocking Brazil at the moment. Tell us a little bit about the context in which this is happening."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"a wider corruption scandal that has been uncovered that's really rocking Brazil at the moment\" - the literal meaning is that there is a scandal involving corruption that is causing instability in Brazil. The actual meaning is that the corruption scandal has had a significant impact on Brazilian politics and society.","questions":"How has the corruption scandal impacted Brazil?","answer":"Profoundly."}
{"text":["Tomorrow, car sales numbers for November are due out, and they're not expected to be good. That could lead to more dealerships shutting down, and that could mean a big loss of revenue for local governments. For example, this year, the state of California has lost at least two billion dollars in sales taxes due to the drop in car sales.","To get a better sense of how local governments are coping, we're joined now by Marshall Bond. He is the city manager for Monroeville, Pennsylvania. Thanks for joining us, and why don't you tell us how many car dealerships are in Monroeville?","Just about every major domestic and foreign manufacturer sells cars here in Monroeville.","And so, how much of your budget comes from the revenue from car sales at these dealerships?","We have a business tax which obviously is, I'd say, probably of that - I'd say total tax is probably about 15 to 20 percent is based upon our related car industry."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Car sales numbers for November are not expected to be good","questions":"Which month's car sales numbers are not expected to be good?","answer":"November"}
{"text":["I want to say the same thing that Al Pacino says in \"Godfather\" - that every time he wants to quit the mafia business, they pull me in. And every time I want to retire, some customer comes and tells me how much he enjoyed the food. And there I am, back to the drawing board, trying to think of something new to make and put on the menu. I'm working on a few more things, whereby I could have a Himalaya goes West kind of restaurant. Yes, it's contradictory to what I said - that I want to retire. And then I want to. . .","I was about to say.",". . . A part of me wants to open a second place where everything is Indian and Pakistani-style hamburgers, Indian and Pakistani-style fried chicken, Indian and Pakistani-style pizza. I've already done some tacos, some tamales with the Indian spices. So sky's the limit. As long as there are other ethnic foods to draw from, I'll be busy.","That's chef Kaiser Lashkari, speaking at his Houston restaurant, Himalaya."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A has a new vision for a type of restaurant he would open.","questions":"How would PersonA describe his new restaurant concept?","answer":"Ethnic"}
{"text":["That is Binyamin Appelbaum. He writes about economics for The New York Times, and he's written a new book, called, \"The Economists' Hour\" that traces what he calls a revolution in the way we think about economists.","This quiet but really important revolution that happens, really, beginning in the late 1960s and the early 1970s, where economists begin to gain tremendous influence over public policy in the United States.","In fact, that young economist who told his wife he had no future at the Fed, that was Paul Volcker. He became one of a small group of economists who made themselves indispensable to U. S.  presidents. Volcker rose to become the chairman of the Federal Reserve in the Carter and Reagan years.","So I asked Appelbaum, how did a bunch of economists go from nobodies to being important people?And he said it's pretty simple. In an era of real economic problems, they promised solutions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Economists became important because they promised solutions to economic problems.","questions":"How did economists become important?","answer":"Solutions"}
{"text":["He was very cordial. He shook my hand. He gave me the Klan handshake. He didn't know that I knew it was the Klan handshake, but he did give it to me. If you shake a person's hand and you extend your index and middle finger along their wrist - and as you pumping their hand, you start pressing your fingers in their wrist area. It's the Klan handshake.","The question that you wind up wrestling with, I think at the end of the book, is - well, let me put it this way - that the Klan and David Duke specifically are hateful and jerks is beyond dispute. You don't wind up with a lot of regard for their intelligence, which raises the question, how dangerous are they?","Very. When I say they are not the brightest, they were not the brightest light bulbs in the socket. The people I was dealing with were not. David Duke, in spite of his having - at that time, he had a master's degree in political science from Louisiana State University. I merely had a high school education and about 12 hours of college credit. So the very fact that he was being conned by somebody with a lower degree of education than him, I'll admit, I got a particular thrill out of that. But let nobody who reads my book think that these people because they weren't the brightest light bulbs in the socket were not and are not dangerous. They were very serious.","What do you think you learned about the KKK and racism and bigotry during those months?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The KKK is dangerous despite not being intelligent.","questions":"How would you describe the intelligence of the KKK?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["He wrote tons of letters. I bet there are a hundred thousand - hundreds out there signed, all the best, George Bush. Many of them are compiled in a lovely volume he did. His - you know, he was the son of a mother who insisted that he not talk - that one not talk about oneself. He was - so when it came time to write a book after he left the presidency, he didn't. . .","Oh, right.","His mother's ghostly influence was such that he felt it would be too puffed up to write a standard memoir. So he wrote a - he essentially published a compilation of his letters. I believe it's called - the title is \"All The Best, George Bush. \"Famously, in 19 - excuse me - '88, when he was running for president of the United States and he was home and in Greenwich for Thanksgiving, sitting around the table, telling, you know, pretty interesting stories about running for president, his mother rapped on the table and said, George, you're talking about yourself too much. Stop it.","Now. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : tons of letters implies large quantities of letters and not letters that measured up many tons","questions":"What did George Bush's mother insist he not talk about?","answer":"oneself"}
{"text":["I do. Did you have to do a lot of reporting?","I did a lot of research. Of course, I'd - as I said, I went to see the monarchs and what that looks like. But I also did a lot of scientific research. I did - I read pretty much everything there is to be read about monarch butterfly migration, monarch parasites, monarch science. I've got all those journals on my desk in giant piles.","And I also - I sought out and gained the friendship of a very great scientist, Dr.  Lincoln Brower, who knows more about monarchs than anyone on the planet. And Dr.  Brower and his wife Dr.  Linda Fink were very helpful to me. You can imagine when I went to them to talk about this idea that I have some trepidation to go to a scientist and say, well, OK. I know that the species that you know everything about have never done this, but what if it did?You know, I didn't know if they. . .","Yeah. I can imagine."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : gained the friendship implies making connection and meeting new people ","questions":"Which verb describes the relationship between PersonA and Dr. Lincoln Brower?","answer":"Connected"}
{"text":["Why would Hezbollah have anyone in Latin America except on vacation?","Well, historically there have been and are very large Lebanese expatriate communities in South America and Africa and, more recently now, in North America. And of course the vast, vast majority of those communities are perfectly law-abiding and wonderful people. But within those communities, over the course of the Lebanese civil war, you had some people who were providing support back home to one or another side of the civil war. And in the wake of the civil war, that continued. And as Hezbollah became the primary powerhouse on the Shia political, social and military side of the equation, support for the group continued to flow from the Shia Lebanese expatriates, some of whom were only supporting the group because it supported the Shia community back home and others because they supported the group's opposition to Israel, opposition to the West and sometimes even its axe militancy at home and abroad.","And what do the drug cartels get out of this arrangement?","They get their product moved. They get the proceeds of their transactions laundered. And those are the two things, along with production in the first instance, without which they don't function. And they really don't care who they do business with. They don't care if you call yourself Hezbollah or something else. Most of the people that do this for them are not terrorists. As long as you can move product and launder product, they don't really care about the rest of it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Why would Hezbollah have anyone in Latin America except on vacation? Implicated meaning: The speaker is questioning why Hezbollah would have a presence in Latin America, suggesting that their presence is likely for reasons other than vacation. The speaker implies that there might be ulterior motives or activities that Hezbollah is engaged in within Latin America.","questions":"What is the speaker questioning about Hezbollah's presence in Latin America?","answer":"presence"}
{"text":["For most of the dogs, we've probably gone from a ratio of 80% used to be trained on marijuana to now, we've reversed that to where only 20% have any marijuana training on them. So the limiting factor of now having a dog that is trained in marijuana - it is no longer utilized for a probable-cause warrant or sniff. It would probably be changing the role to just locating marijuana, whether it would be in a house or a car, after you've already established probable cause. So it's certainly limited the use of those dogs.","So my understanding is that before this, police dogs weren't trained to differentiate between types of drugs.","No. Now we're just going to go to most of the dogs will not have any marijuana training in them whatsoever. The primary purpose for most of the marijuana sniffs is now administrative - that will be through jails, schools and other types of locations that are federally funded and still illegal. The only thing this will do - it's going to hasten the retirement of those 20% or less that still are marijuana-trained in our state because of the fact that they're not able to utilize them for full functions.","Does this create conflict between state officers and federal law enforcement officers?Because obviously, on the federal level, marijuana is still illegal. And you obviously have federal law enforcement in your state. Is there any conflict there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : No dogs is trained in marijuana because it is a illegal.","questions":"How are police dogs trained regarding marijuana?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["The likelihood that the law was going to get struck down was one of the factors that contributed to the council's decision to repeal it. But there were also many groups that came together to push for the repeal.","Mr.  Muchmore, I'm told you also have a laundromat in your bar.","I do have a small laundromat in the back. It's a New Orleans thing. I grew up in New Orleans, and there a lot of the bars have laundries so that while you're doing your laundry, you can have a beer or a coffee and get to know your neighbors.","How are you going to celebrate?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) The speaker has a small laundromat located in the back of the bar, which is a common feature in bars in New Orleans. This allows patrons to do their laundry while enjoying a beer or coffee and getting to know their neighbors.","questions":"Which city's bars commonly have laundromats located in them?","answer":"New-Orleans"}
{"text":["You got a sinus infection but you taking a yeast infection medicine figuring if you lay down, it'll work its way up.","Do you believe in Mars and Venus, the whole idea that men and women are totally different?","I really do. And if I can get women to understand that every man that sleeps with you is not going to love you, then half of us will be all right.","What about the other half?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Mars in Venus\" is a reference to a book that asserted that men and women are very different. That's what it implies.","questions":"How does PersonA suggest women should understand men?","answer":"Love"}
{"text":["Yeah, absolutely.","Robo-fish and friends.","It's a great little video up there on our website at sciencefriday. com. It's our video pick of the week and. . .","And you can see this following, the milling about of the robots. One thing that he said that was really interesting to me is, you know, not every fish will follow. And so his next installment - so stay tuned, this could be number three in a few years - is to figure out how personality drives sort of the differences between the fish. It seems that the bolder fish are less apt to follow the robotic fish."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Stay tuned\" - This phrase implies that there is more to come in the future, likely related to the robotic fish and its interactions with real-life fish.","questions":"How does the phrase \"Stay tuned\" indicate future developments related to the robotic fish?","answer":"Implies"}
{"text":["Over 700 people were killed this week when a stampede took place during the Hajj, the annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca. The sheer volume of pilgrims every year has led to problems before. In fact, over 1,400 people were killed in a similar incident back in 1990. This week, Iran and other regional powers criticized the Saudi Arabian government for poor management of the crowds that come to their holy places. Gary Sick is a senior research scholar at Columbia's Middle East Institute. He joins us now from New York. Thanks so much for being with us, Mr.  Sick.","It's a real pleasure.","What do you read into Iran's outspoken criticism of Saudi Arabia over these deaths?","This is very standard stuff. The Iranians and the Saudis have a running battle about the Hajj. And the worst incident they've ever had was actually back in 1987. In each case, they've blamed the Saudis. And in each case, the Saudis have blamed the pilgrims for misbehaving, for not doing what they were told. And on the previous case, the Saudis broke diplomatic relations with Iran over the incident. And that was only restored a few years later after Khomeini died."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  B: What do you read into Iran's outspoken criticism of Saudi Arabia over these deaths? (implied meaning: What do you think is the underlying meaning behind Iran's criticism of Saudi Arabia?)","questions":"How did the Saudis respond to the worst incident during the Hajj before 1990?","answer":"Pilgrims"}
{"text":["In the U. S. , the Federal Reserve decided on Wednesday to wind down its quantitative easing, and keep short-term interest rates near zero. If that last sentence made your head spin, don't worry - there's a computer game for that. Actually, a whole slew of them.","They're games created by central banks, from the ECB in Frankfurt to the Cleveland Federal Reserve. And, as you might tell from that theme music, they are not quite \"Grand Theft Auto. \"Jason Karaian reviewed a few of these games for the online business news outlet Quartz. He joins us from the BBC in London. Mr.  Karaian, thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me.","We heard the theme music to a game I believe is called \"Economia. \""],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They're games created by central banks, from the ECB in Frankfurt to the Cleveland Federal Reserve. And, as you might tell from that theme music, they are not quite 'Grand Theft Auto.'\" The literal meaning states that the games mentioned are not similar to the popular video game \"Grand Theft Auto.\" The implied meaning is that the central bank-created games are not action-packed or focused on violence like \"Grand Theft Auto.\" Instead, they serve a different purpose and have a different gameplay experience.","questions":"Which popular video game is referred to as being different from the central bank-created games mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Auto"}
{"text":["Well, they do do some of it. Delta in the most recent quarter had about 300 million dollars in gains from fuel hedges, but the biggest problem is other airlines just don't have the cash or the credit to put into this. Southwest has the luxury of very strong financial balance sheet so they can put their money to work years ahead of time. Other airlines, you know, if you're cutting costs, if you're fighting for survival, if your cash is tight, your employees are getting laid off, you know, it's hard to say hey, we're going to buy some fuel for 2012.","And Delta was in bankruptcy proceedings, it had to unload everything it could to deal with its debt.","That's right, very costly. Delta actually had good fuel hedges leading into the 2004 bankruptcy. They had to sell those to raise some cash in the bankruptcy, but selling early meant they lost out on a whole lot of profits that they could have had later on.","Scott, you're a travel writer but you do write for the Wall Street Journal, so maybe you can answer this question for me. On the day that Southwest reported things going very well, its stock actually fell by a dollar to just under 15 dollars a share. Now, how does that work?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The other airlines don't have the financial means to invest in fuel hedging, suggesting that they are not in a strong financial position.","questions":"How do other airlines fare in terms of fuel hedging?","answer":"Poorly"}
{"text":["The government created an aid program to help out farmers who are hurt by these tariffs. Have you benefited from that?","Certainly. It was a key part of filling the gap created by the harm that we felt from the tariffs and the money we were losing in that market. But I think most farmers don't want to rely on government aid packages, going forward. We would much rather have access to one of the world's largest users of soybeans.","When you go to the local - I don't know - coffee shop or supply store or Walmart and have conversations with other people in the community, how are people feeling these days?","Well, and that's - I really appreciate you bringing that up 'cause it's not just farmers who are affected by this. Small towns like Kulm, N. D.  - we are an agriculture community. Not everybody here is a farmer. We have many small businesses that rely on farmers - hardware stores, grocery stores. And when farmers struggle, everybody in these small towns starts to feel the hurt. When you talk to businesses who have been around for a long time, I mean, they - their bottom line is directly affected by whether farmers are making a profit or not."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies that the Farmers does want any aid from the government. They would rather prefer that the government remove harsh tariffs on the world's largest soybeans. ","questions":"How do most farmers feel about relying on government aid packages in the future?","answer":"Don't"}
{"text":["You put us on this boat. I don't know when I'm going to get off. You flooded the Earth. Everybody else is dead. So explain that. She seems aggravated with God.","Yeah. I think she's so flummoxed by how they've gotten into this position. And why her?And why not others?And what it could mean - all these conversations that he seems to have with other people and not with her. And she - and yet to keep putting her in positions of godliness, where she's in charge of everything. And she has to make sure things survive. And yet she doesn't get to hear his reasoning or know him. And yeah, so I think she's coming from a point of just utter frustration at the start of the book. And then she's learning how to deal with that over the course of it.","I mean this next comment in the nicest way. But this is a very weird and strange book, right?There's supernatural elements. You play with the timeline. We go back and forth from the past to the future. There's an angel. There's a dead woman who makes appearances. Was weirdness what you were after?How did that come to be?","Yeah. That's got to be my favorite word."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is not an actual timeline but some things do change in time in the book that affect the future and the past.","questions":"Which turn mentions the supernatural elements in the book?","answer":"2"}
{"text":[". . . Entities. . .","Correct.",". . . Like - nongovernmental groups like terrorist organizations.","Yeah, the terrorist organizations or. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Agreement between A and B on the existence of non-governmental entities","questions":"How did PersonA respond to PersonB's mention of terrorist organizations?","answer":"Correct"}
{"text":["Governor, let me have you answer your own question. Why are fewer businesses being created?","There are a combination of reasons behind the reduction in business creation. One is that we - like any enterprise - and government is an enterprise - we've had more and more kind of red tape. And sometimes that bureaucracy is excessive and makes it harder for people - the successful employees in somebody else's company - makes it harder for them to take a leap and start their own business.","But I also think a big part of it is we have a consolidation of just two or three companies dominate that industry, right?There - 84% of all the hardware sales are from two companies. So starting a neighborhood hardware company is almost out of the question. People don't think they have a chance.","The question of whether or not certain companies are monopolies has come up again and again throughout the course of this campaign. Would you break up the big tech giants - Facebook and Amazon - as Elizabeth Warren has said she would do?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Red tape and excessive bureaucracy make it hard to start a business.","questions":"How does excessive bureaucracy affect business creation?","answer":"Hard"}
{"text":["Every day - every day there's. . .","Every day.",". . . More coming, absolutely. We average about 220 to 250 a day. And they're saying that that's probably anywhere from six months to 18 to 24 months. We just don't know.","Extraordinary. Chris Brice, the interim assistant manager of Luna County, N. M."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is starting a conversation and B is interrupting with a short response.","questions":"Which person interrupts the conversation in turn 1?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Sometimes, small complaints can trigger absurdly large medical bills. We're joined now by Dr.  Elisabeth Rosenthal, editor-in-chief of our partner Kaiser Health News, to talk about a bill to treat a toenail fungus and what happened next. Welcome to the program.","Thanks for having me.","The bill we're talking about is $1,469 for medication for a woman here in Washington, D. C.  Tell me the story.","Well, Anne Soloviev went to her dermatologist just for a skin check. She didn't even realize she had a toenail problem. And the physician assistant who saw her said, oh, you have toenail fungus. Let us call in a prescription. And she thought, yeah, sure. Why not."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The woman did not go to the dermatologist for a toenail problem, but was prescribed medication for it anyway","questions":"What was the woman's reason for visiting the dermatologist?","answer":"Skin"}
{"text":["I got a glance over the weekend, and the sky was beautifully blue. I mean, really, it was wonderful. And the air pollution index for that day was exceedingly low. Also, it was like 17. That's lowest since I've been keeping track.","This, I think, has to do with changes in weather patterns that appeared to start somewhere in the first week of August. The arrival of rainfall and winds from the northeast and form the northwest, which would bring in cleaner air, and in particular lack of strong winds from the south that would bring up the heavy levels of pollution.","Yet, you've said earlier that the air pollution in Beijing mostly blows in from elsewhere. So these steps that the city officials have taken in recent months with changing traffic patterns and closing factories, really, that's not a factor here?","Well, you know, I've been looking at the day they very carefully tried to decide what is really going on this summer. We know that the controls did something. It's just that I, at least, am unable to pick out their effects in the data so far."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"unable to pick out their effects\" means \"unable to distinguish their effects\" rather than \"physically pick out their effects\"","questions":"Which meaning does the phrase \"unable to pick out their effects\" have in turn 3?","answer":"Distinguish"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . Jupiter. But there's no debris right now. It looks like whatever hit Jupiter, Jupiter just kind of swallowed it whole.","Yeah. You know, I'm reminded - when you say debris, I'm reminded of that famous Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet that broke up and smashed into the planet in 1994.","Well, you're right. And, you know, I said 10 or 20 years ago, people might have said that Dan Peterson, who saw the impact, was just, you know, seeing things. But back before comet Shoemaker - excuse me, SL9 hit Jupiter, astronomers were very skeptical that big impacts like that occurred in the modern day solar system. And then we saw that tremendous series of 21 impacts with our own eyes, when Shoemaker 9 hit Jupiter. And, of course, that was a comet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Astronomers were skeptical of big impacts in modern solar system before Shoemaker 9 hit Jupiter in 1994","questions":"How were astronomers before the impact of Shoemaker 9?","answer":"skeptical"}
{"text":["I gather there were women who asked you for medical help.","Yes. So some of the women who had been raped asked to know if they were pregnant. One of the most heartbreaking things I would have to do would be to confirm for women that they were, indeed, pregnant as a result of rape. Some of them were requesting testing for sexually transmitted infections, which we couldn't do on the boat, but we helped to arrange in Italy once we arrived there.","One of the things I say about my Doctors Without Borders work is that I often come across the best of humanity, but I also come across the worst of humanity. And these women, especially, told me of things that had happened to them that it never occurred to me that humans could do that to one another.","All right, Dr.  Giles, you have at least a few ears in America right now. What do we need to hear?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"confirm for women that they were, indeed, pregnant as a result of rape.\" The phrase \"confirm for women\" means to tell the women that they are pregnant, which is the literal meaning. However, the fact that the pregnancy resulted from rape adds a figurative meaning to the statement that conveys the emotional impact and the devastating consequences of sexual violence.","questions":"Which phrase conveys the emotional impact of sexual violence in the statement?","answer":"Emotional"}
{"text":["A year or so ago, the world was turned upside down - or part of the world was turned upside down - when we decided that it was it OK to say over ten instead of more than ten. And the internet change has brought a lot of reaction, too. Somebody tweeted, after we announced the change, AP has lowercased internet. Somewhere tonight, galaxies are burning.","(Laughter) And you know what?The AP and NPR will be there to cover them.","Absolutely.","Tom Kent, standards editor of the Associated Press. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Tom Kent is an expert on the Associated Press standards, and his opinion is appreciated.","questions":"What is Tom Kent's profession?","answer":"Editor"}
{"text":["Do you report them?","Yeah. I mean, I can call up, you know, different agencies if I have enough information. And in this instance, I did. I do know that, you know, a couple days later, I saw the same person was booked into the jail for domestic violence. You know, for me, that helps me to sleep at night because just maybe that firearm that I would've sold that person - what would it have done if it would've been used in that crime?","Were there other instances where maybe something bought from your store, you know, was used to commit a crime, or is this the first time that you've had to deal with something like this?","You know, it comes around. This is the first time where it's been national, and we've had all kinds of coverage of it. But it is not an uncommon thing to have the FBI or the ATF call up and say, we need to know this person's information or what happened with this situation. That happens probably every couple months."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker has had multiple interactions with law enforcement agencies inquiring about the activities of their customers.","questions":"How often does the FBI or the ATF ask for information from the speaker?","answer":"Every"}
{"text":["Yeah, it is. And there are also quite a few international news networks just outside the courtroom. But you see, the press are allowed in the courtroom. And for myself, I work for the news agency, and we are actually writing down everything that's said in the courtroom and publishing that. So you can't really film or you can't broadcast on television or - and on the radio, but in print and on the Web, everything is published basically.","And what has been the reaction of those who survived the attack and those who are related to the victims?","They've been very calm. They've been - I don't know - there were many speculations in advance what could happen during a trial like this because you should see that 77 deaths in Norway is more than twice the annual death rate and the murder rate in Norway. So 77 victims in one day is something we haven't really thought in our wildest dreams could ever happen. So the - I think the expectations were quite - anything could happen, but what's happened in reality is everything has been very calm. The victims and their families are in the courtroom and in, actually, 17 different courtrooms around the country watching the trial. But it has been very calm in very respectful way of - I mean, how the trial has gone so far.","And what will they do to mark the anniversary?","Actually, I don't know. There's been a lot of speculations, but one thing is certain, it will be all over the country. There will be the - what you say, markings, but how, we don't know yet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They never had wild dreams about it but mean that 77 victims is more than anyone would have ever thought would happen.","questions":"Which number surprised PersonA about the number of victims in the attack?","answer":"77"}
{"text":["So right now, there are multiple congressional committees investigating this issue. We've got them on the House side. We've got a couple on the Senate side. I guess I want to know why is there a need for multiple investigations, and how do these congressional investigations differ at their core from what Special Counsel Robert Mueller is conducting?","Well, Senate Intelligence looks at intelligence matters primarily. Senate Judiciary looks at matters that fall under the broad scope of the Judiciary Committee. All these congressional investigations differ very much in function from what the Special Counsel Mueller does. Mueller works in secret and long, long deep studies of things like finances. And he doesn't bring his results public. If he finds something that's really important, he won't let you know until it's time to indict somebody. Whereas, the congressional committees when classification allows them to be in the open, they live for open hearings. They want people to know what they found.","And what about compelling witnesses to testify?The subpoena, is that a last resort thing or is it just a negotiating device?","Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  turn is asking about the use of subpoenas to compel witnesses to testify and whether they are a last resort or a negotiating tool. The actual meaning, however, is asking about the effectiveness and necessity of using subpoenas in congressional investigations.","questions":"What is the question behind turn 2?","answer":"Effectiveness\/Necessity"}
{"text":["You may have seen it. The photo has been everywhere on social media - a gunman, this week outside a federal courthouse in Dallas. It's one of those pictures that makes you wonder just how the photographer got it. The gunman appears to be only a few feet away from the camera, a military-style rifle in his hand. He's decked out in tactical gear, wearing a face mask with a hole for his eyes, and those eyes appear to be looking right into the camera.","Soon after the photo was taken, the gunman was shot dead by law enforcement. No one else was seriously injured. To hear the story of the photo, I spoke to the person who took it, Tom Fox of The Dallas Morning News. He told me about the moment he first heard the shooter.","There was about three quick shots. And at the time, it sounded like backfire.","Like of a car or something, you mean."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"like backfire\" as a way of clarifying the sound that they heard, rather than suggesting that the sound was actually similar to the backfiring of a car. It suggests that the speaker understood the previous speaker's description of the sound, and is confirming that they heard the same thing.","questions":"Which word suggests that the speaker understood the previous PersonA's description of the sound?","answer":"Confirming"}
{"text":["There's lots of things, one that says who you are speak so loudly I can't hear what you say. Or St.  Thomas Aquinas who said everywhere you go preach the gospel, but only sometimes use words. Or even Ghandi who said be the change you want to see in the world. I just want to live my values the best that I can, and if I want to be a leader I want to lead more by example than just my words. So our biggest issue is public safety so I'm very lucky to have some great detectives who are with me all the time, and you know they are going to be with me, and they are cops, let me take them out with me in the middle of the night into our streets where the residents, I think, want me to be.","Well, Mayor Booker so glad you could talk again. Thank you.","Thank you so much, all the best.","That was Cory Booker, elected Mayor of Newark, New Jersey in 2006."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Mayor Booker prioritizes actions over words as a leader.","questions":"What is Mayor Booker's approach to leadership?","answer":"Actions."}
{"text":["Yeah, they hired an engineer from Southern California, a guy named John Minasian. And Minasian was an expert in towers, and he built rocket gantries for Cape Canaveral for the Saturn rockets. He also built missile testing gantries for the Air Force at Edwards Air Force Base and broadcast towers. And he contributed pretty significantly to the Needle design in terms of - for one thing, being from Southern California, he'd studied with Richter at Caltech. He said you're going to - we're going to put in a foundation that will stand the test of time.","Mm-hmm. And it has been and, you know, you're in a very tectonic part of the world. There are a lot of earthquakes that happen here. I imagine that was taken into account in the design.","Yeah. They did wind tunnel test at the University of Washington, and they basically doubled the load so that it was twice the required code at the time. I talked to an engineer who worked on the project says it could - it'll stay standing with a nine point, you know, quake.","Wow. Well, and was it designed with the Cold War in mind?We were right in the middle of the coldest past of the Cold War at that time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They were in the middle of the highest tensions between the two countries.","questions":"How was the political climate during the construction?","answer":"Tectonic"}
{"text":["And thanks for your service to the United States.","I appreciate it.","Why did you want to join the U. S.  military?","I'm not just another U. S.  Army recruit. I was born and raised in a conservative city of Pakistan, near Kashmir. My father owned a small local newspaper in which he recommended the diplomatic solution of Kashmir conflict - due to which, he had to face a lot of threats from state and not-state actors. Because of these threats, he had to close down his newspapers, and I had to move to a boarding school outside my city."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A's decision to join the U.S. military is not typical due to his background and experiences in Pakistan.","questions":"What is unique about PersonA's decision to join the U.S. military?","answer":"Background"}
{"text":["Presidential candidates sure ate a lot this week - matzah, blintzes, pizza slices. The presidential campaigns have moved to New York for the next primary. After Bernie Sanders won the Democratic primary in Wisconsin this week, Ted Cruz won the Republican side. Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump hope to rebound in more familiar territory. NPR's Ron Elving joins us. Ron, thanks so much for being with us.","Good to be with you, Scott.","Let's begin with the Democrats. They were playing so nicely together. And then this week it seemed like they were calling each other unqualified. Both candidates say they're getting sick and tired. What happened?","I have no doubt that they are sick and tired of each other. But let's be clear, Hillary Clinton never actually said that Sanders was unqualified, despite multiple efforts on the part of many hosts to get her to do that. She kept saying that she thought she was more qualified and so on. And she never would actually say that he was qualified. And this, of course, all followed on a rather rocky interview that Bernie Sanders had with New York Daily News that went viral."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : ) Let's begin with the Democrats.They were playing so nicely together.And then this week it seemed like they were calling each other unqualified.Both candidates say they're getting sick and tired.What happened?","questions":"How did the candidates describe how they were feeling towards each other?","answer":"Sick"}
{"text":["I think the crash of the stock market, along with a shooting war in Iraq and a shooting war in Afghanistan made wonkiness less toxic and less unappealing. The Democrats would always field these sort of wonky smartypants candidates. And. . .","Michael Dukakis and John Kerry.","Michael Dukakis and John Kerry, you know, Al Gore, and they were clearly knowledgeable. But the Republicans would always say, yeah, but you wouldn't want to have a beer with them. They don't understand you. They don't understand the American people. And even though our candidate - George W.  Bush comes to mind - may not be an intellectual powerhouse, he understands real people.","And, in fact, there has been in American politics for a long time - you can go all the way back to Adlai Stevenson in the '50s is a prime example - an anti-intellectual fear in American politics, that intellectuals really didn't get it, and they shouldn't be put in high office. But the relative wonkiness of Obama and Joe Biden seemed more appealing to the relative unwonkiness of John McCain and especially Sarah Palin. And I think that helped removed the taint, really, of being smart."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The wonkiness of smart candidates is not popular with voters.","questions":"Which candidates are described as wonky smartypants in the dialogue?","answer":"Michael-Dukakis,John-Kerry"}
{"text":["So, number one, the Web site made a drastic change and a tremendous shift. It opened up transparency. It put a lot of ways for individuals to feel that they could be more empowered to have better access or a direct access, almost like an open Internet door to the administration. Number two, they looked to hire a chief technology officer for the administration, which has been done. They've actually checked that off of their list and that has never been a position within the White House to that level before.","And then, number three, I would say actually the stimulus package, you know, coming through with $7. 2 billion being placed specifically for broadband access in rural areas. Those are three key things - oh, and the fourth thing would be, actually redoing - re-upgrading rather the systems within the White House. Internet connectivity was extremely - is extremely slow there. Outdated computers, viruses, just issues with just the infrastructure of technology that was there left by the previous administration.","You know, that was going to be my next question because I understood as the new administration staff took their offices in the White House, what they found were computers that were - I suppose outdated and very slow and. . .","Yeah.","Not nearly as technologically advance that you would expect from the White House."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The new administration has made efforts to increase access to broadband in rural areas. The White House infrastructure and technology were outdated and in need of upgrades.","questions":"Which package provided $7.2 billion specifically for broadband access in rural areas?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["Visuals that related to Senator Obama in politics.","That's right - different iterations and paintings of Senator Obama. Ron English did one of him as kind of morphing into Abe Lincoln. You know, Shepard's hope thing, you know, was enormous. You know, I did one of Obama looking obviously very hopeful into the city. He's - behind him is a cityscape and rising is the sun. I wanted it to be during, you know, the sunrise. And so he's being backlit by the sun in warm light. And the reason I did the city is because, you know, he's from the city. He can relate to the city. You know, he was raised by a single mom on food stamps, which is much like my experience growing up in Harlem. And you know, he's - and I said I wrote \"one\" on it because he's really - he really represents one, you know, one global community, ethnically diverse, one nation, and really someone that we can, for the first time, being from urban life, relate to, besides Clinton, by the way.","Are you worried about they're being an element of hero worship to this?I mean, both in the fact that so many artists are depicting him, but also in the way that he's depicted.","Yeah. I mean, I'm not worried about it. I think there is a lot of hero worship, but in contrast to what's out there, you know, he is a hero."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Artists are portraying Obama as a symbol of hope","questions":"What quality are the visuals related to Senator Obama reflecting?","answer":"Hope"}
{"text":["(Reading) They would ride through the hot, dim woods that sultry, ominous August from the hard ground, littered with spots of sifted sun, on the hills the horses would carry them in a minute to the hollows. There was something terrible about the hollows, deep-bottomed with decaying leaves, smelling of dead water and dark cleavage in insufferable heat. The sound of the horses' feet was like a confused heartbeat on the swampy ground. They both felt it. They used to get off the horses without having said a word and helplessly submerge themselves in each other's arms while the sweat ran down their backs under their shirts. They never talked there. They stood, swaying together, with their booted feet deep in the mulch, holding each other, hot and mystified in this green gloom. From far away in the upper meadows, they could always hear the cicada reaching an unbearable sharpened crescendo.","Lauren Groff, I think I'm fanning myself sitting there, listening to you read.","I mean, you can feel the - just summer love and how dazed she is by desire. And she was writing this - we just looked - in 1934, when not a lot of women were writing this stuff.","Absolutely."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The couple rode horses in the hot month of August. They could see the sunlight on the ground in spots where there were no trees. They rode to a wooded area that had a lot of old leaves, a still creek, and was very hot. The horses hooves sounded odd on the ground. They dismounted and held each other silently. ","questions":"What type of terrain did the couple ride their horses on?","answer":"Woods"}
{"text":["Well, that Times story illustrates a couple of points, one of which it promptly got the Times banned, that edition.","It did. Yes, which is predictable.","Yeah. I think they knew that. And no one's above the law. This guy's family has got $2. 7 billion.","And that's the whole point. It's why that's such a striking quote for someone to say that no one is above the law. The fact of the matter, in China, the Communist Party is above the law. The courts follow what the party says in any sort of politically sensitive case. There is no rule of law. And so how you actually solve this problem is very, very difficult, especially with a party that does not want to share power, that feels that it can police itself. But increasingly, if you talk to ordinary Chinese, they don't feel that way. They do - even by blocking the Times site, most people don't know that story, but they do know the story of many other officials who have done wrong, you know, have done bad things. And so there is, I think, an emerging crisis of confidence in the party, particularly around the issue of corruption."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"There is no rule of law. And so how you actually solve this problem is very, very difficult\" - Literal meaning: The lack of rule of law in China creates a challenging problem. Actual meaning: The situation is much worse than what the literal meaning suggests. The turn implies that there is a significant crisis of confidence in the Chinese government due to rampant corruption and lack of rule of law.","questions":"How does the lack of rule of law in China affect the government's credibility?","answer":"Crisis"}
{"text":["And one more email.","And one more email, yeah. And it was quite literally the last email that I opened. And the email said, basically, Dear, Mr.  Feuer. Ever since I saw your story on the other Alan Feuer one year ago, I've been meaning to get in touch with you. I didn't want to do so while Alan was alive. Now, that he has passed away, would you like to know the truth about his background?","Well, you know, she - this woman who was, in fact, Alan's step niece. So, you know, imagine a, you know, a niece coming in by second marriage essentially. She went on to kind of flash out the family relationships, and she told me that while this life of grand society that I, in fact, had witnessed myself was absolutely true, the sort of back story that Alan had held up - Austrian blue blood, you know, mother live too long - all these stuff was, in fact, not true. And she said that, you know, if I wanted to get in touch with her, she would tell me, in fact, what the truth was. So I got in touch with her.","And this is a story of a man not from Austria but, in fact, born in Brooklyn and raised in Westchester?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Someone wants to reveal the truth about Alan's background after his death.","questions":"How did the woman know about Alan's background?","answer":"Step-niece"}
{"text":["So I think - I think we're - we have to understand the complexity of it. I think we have to understand that the president has put together a good team on this. And now we're really looking at the next step. But I do think it's important to underscore that in this kind of negotiation, especially at this high level, you get to walk away from the table once. You don't get to walk away from the table twice.","Right. I mean, you used a phrase there, pick up the pieces. It's not just President Trump and North Korea. It's the president's son-in-law trying to almost single handedly bring Middle East peace after the United States took a move like moving the embassy to Jerusalem. You know, some would say that the Trump administration gives away the carrots, like moving the embassy to Jerusalem, without getting concessions and only selectively applies the sticks, like curtailing Palestinian aid. Doesn't that make it harder to negotiate?","Sometimes it can. Sometimes, however, that - what you want to do is try to rearrange the pieces on the table and do so in ways that are surprising or unexpected and can open space for - for talks and negotiations.","Do you think Jared Kushner is the man to do that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There are not pieces on a table but there are happenings in countries that are open for negotiation.","questions":"How does turn 2 challenge the notion of rearranging pieces on a table?","answer":"Challenge"}
{"text":["Constitutional?","I think across the board. This is emblematic of the broader problem that we face, which is Congress not doing its job in pushing off issues that the American people want to adjudicate to the president who then uses dubious authorities to do things that he couldn't otherwise do. It's about the very basis, the very nature of our regime.","What effect do you think this declaration of national emergency might have on that?","I think it makes everybody just a little more cynical, right?Here we have a situation where Congress has been facing this issue for months. We had the longest shutdown in American history. And they chose not to do anything about it. So far as I can tell, people who opposed the wall didn't try to win that debate. People who supported the war didn't try to win that debate. And the president didn't seem to be overly interested in trying to win that debate."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Congress is not doing its job and is passing their responsibilities to the president who then abuses his power","questions":"How is the president using his authority?","answer":"Dubious"}
{"text":["Every administration has some level of dysfunction. But in a White House that is running somewhat more smoothly than this one, how would this work when it's a well-oiled machine or something close to it?","Well, I was involved in a similar case back in the Clinton presidency when we were examining someone for a high position in national security and seemed like a very fine candidate. But then we began to learn things about his past that were troubling. Red flags started to go up. And we went to the president and said, Mr.  President, there are some real problems here; these are very problematic. And the nominations then just disappeared.","So the public didn't know about it at that point.","The public didn't know and still doesn't know, and I don't think it's fair to the individual. His name was never put into play. I think his privacy should be protected since he wasn't seeking a job; he didn't - wasn't nominated. Here's the thing that also mystifies me because there's so much about this is strange. You would think that candidate himself, knowing how the system works, knowing that there's going to be deep scrutiny - you would think that the potential nominee would go to the chief of staff of the White House and say, we need to talk, and volunteer the information so there can be no misunderstandings along the way instead of having a situation here where people just sat on the information clearly some people knew."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Clinton presidency had a scandal similar to the current one","questions":"Which presidency is being referred to in turn 1?","answer":"Clinton"}
{"text":["Thanks, Scott.","First, these current attacks. Based on reporting, is there a particular source for attacks against Orthodox Jews?","Well, it seems to be happening often from people who live in the neighborhood. We don't know that much about the perpetrators. What we do know is that people that live in Crown Heights don't tend to be white supremacists. And to judge from the footage of many of these attacks, at least some of the perpetrators seem to be young black men or teenagers. And perhaps that's one of the reasons that so many people want to avert their eyes from what's happening in places like Crown Heights.","Are they street assaults and robberies or hate crimes?Where are the lines in something like this?","Well, all we know is that the people that are being attacked are the most publicly, visibly Jewish people. And they're incredibly violent. Given that this has been happening in the city, there's been a sort of curious lack of interest on the part of New Yorkers, on the part of the mayor, on the part of the governor. Imagine if a spate of crimes had happened in a pattern like this against another minority - what the reaction would be.","Has there also been a national increase in anti-Semitic crimes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People don't want to know about what is happening in Crown Heights.","questions":"Which neighborhood is mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Crown-Heights"}
{"text":["That's right. There are a few things in particular that stood out in the early excerpts. I haven't had the chance to get my hands on the book yet. But a couple of things in particular. One is that Bannon talks about that infamous Trump Tower meeting in June of 2016 that featured Donald Trump Jr. , Jared Kushner, Paul Manafort and the meeting that they had with the Russian lawyer, who was offering dirt on Hillary Clinton. Bannon describes the meeting as treasonous, as unpatriotic. And he says that those three should've called the FBI immediately. A second thing is that he also says that there's no way - there's no way that Trump Jr.  didn't walk the Russians up one floor to the 26th floor of Trump Tower and introduce them to Trump himself.","We should explain that's his - he doesn't know that happened, but he just finds it inconceivable it didn't.","He doesn't offer any proof. He wasn't in the campaign at the time. But this would be important if true because Trump has denied any knowledge of the Russian overtures, any knowledge of Russian outreach. And it would - this would obviously contradict that. The last thing is that Bannon says that the investigation is going to focus on money laundering. There are indications that Mueller's team may indeed be looking at that. So a lot to digest there.","NPR's Ryan Lucas, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"NPR's Ryan Lucas, thanks so much.\" - The actual meaning of this turn is a polite expression of gratitude, rather than literally thanking Ryan Lucas for something specific that he did.","questions":"How did PersonB express gratitude towards NPR's Ryan Lucas?","answer":"Gratitude"}
{"text":["Yeah.","You're just sitting there going, wow!You know, if you just do a double take, you're like, that's him on screen. It was amazing. Just the way he held the mic, the way he stood in front of the mic, all of it was so much of Biggie.","I have to say, I can't wait to see it. I got a chance to interview Biggie at one of the big awards shows, like, 10, 12 - no, it's longer than that. Anyway, I'm old. But anyway.","Yeah, we all are."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : double take means to look at something again because you are surprised","questions":"How did PersonA describe the way Biggie held the mic?","answer":"Amazing"}
{"text":["Well, we obviously have our seismologists and the geologists which look at the pattern and the history. And ultimately, we start with looking at all the faults that are in the Bay Area, the proximity. In the Bay Area, we have two very large faults, frankly. One of them is the San Andreas Fault, which produced the 1906 earthquake, which runs a few miles away from the Golden Gate and runs up and down the coast of California, goes all the way down to Southern California. The other one is the Hayward Fault, which is in the Berkeley Hills, and is also a major earthquake.","So those quakes, we basically look at their seismic hazard, if you will, and from that generates the possible or potential seismic hazard. And then we get intensities that, based on the soils that we have, based on the history of ground motions that we recorded, we come up with those intensities at very different frequencies I was talking about earlier.","(Unintelligible)","And then from that, we generate a spectrum that ultimately gets used to generate multiple, different simulated ground motions. That we take our structure and in a computer model, we run that structure and we subject this with those displacements. And the computer model is intended to do the equilibrium, statically, at every instant in time, microsecond. And the target would be that we know what the forces are in our structure and what the displacements are in our structure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) is not a meaningful statement, so its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.","questions":"How is turn 3 used in the dialogue?","answer":"used"}
{"text":["Yeah, we're looking at how people make movies through a microscope. And I hadn't really thought about this much before this week, but there's a sort of long history of this, and there have been a few real pioneers of this field. And one of them is a guy, a photographer called Roman Vishniac.","And you may know this name because he's famous for sort of a very different kind of photography. He took portraits. He has a picture of Einstein that's pretty famous. And he is famous for documenting Jews in Eastern Europe for World War II.","But it turns out that he also was this huge science buff, and he made these educational movies funded by NSF and others for classroom use, and a lot of them featured his micro-movies, these movies that he did in his New York apartment through the microscope with, you know, pond scum that he collected I don't know where, my guess would be Central Park, just looking at some of the footage.","Right, and so then he trained - this moviemaker trained his camera into the lens of the microscope."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Roman Vishniac was a multifaceted artist who had interests in various fields.","questions":"What was Roman Vishniac's profession?","answer":"Photographer"}
{"text":["Well - and now they'll get $25 million, right?","I guess.","NPR's Ina Jaffe, thanks so much for being with us.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning of turn 4 is \"You are welcome and appreciated for joining us and discussing the topic.\"","questions":"How did PersonA respond to PersonB's gratitude?","answer":"You're"}
{"text":["Well, it's - the prosecutors are saying that, essentially, they've got easier access to Julian Assange. He's no longer holed up in the Ecuadorian Embassy. He's in custody in the U. K. , so it's more feasible. I mean, they haven't proven him to be guilty or innocent, but the evidence hasn't changed. It wasn't due to a lack of evidence that they decided not to question him. It was pure logistics.","As we mentioned, the U. S.  is trying to extradite him, as is Sweden. Is there a chance that there could be competing claims against him here?","Yeah. The big question is who's going to get the chance to speak to him first?And Swedish prosecutors at their press conference - they basically said, we're going to let the U. K.  decide, but it could well be that it's down to the home secretary in the U. K. , the interior minister, to decide which of the countries he thinks has a more pressing case. Should it be the rape charges, or should it be the hacking classified military secrets in the U. S. ?","And there are also time considerations here. Tell us about the statute of limitations.","Yeah. In Sweden, there's a certain time limit for different kinds of crimes. And for rape, it's 10 years. So there's about a year to go before that statute of limitation limit is reached, which means there really is a time squeeze on authorities."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"He's no longer holed up\" implies that he is no longer staying in the Ecuadorian Embassy, not that he was in an actual hole.","questions":"How was Julian Assange staying in the Ecuadorian Embassy?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["She's going, this - you know, this mother, she can't leave her calf. We can't get her to go out. And - but you can't be trying to drag out a dead baby as well. Another friend had the exact opposite. The mother had died and the calf was alive and trying to work out how we can save this calf and get it out. And as you can imagine, that is - it's about as hard as it comes.","Oh, gosh. Mr.  Lamason, do we know why the whales do this?","We don't know. And there's a lot of theories around. But if you had to design a piece of landscape to capture whales, Golden Bay is pretty much perfect. It's a - quite a closed-in bay. It's got this large spit sweeping around, and the seabed out from there is very shallow for quite some kilometers. And there's a great chance that these whales were coming in here to feed and have made a poor choice about how close they can get in.","And is there anything human beings can or should do to try and help the whales?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that is there any action humans can take to try to assist the stranded whales in their situation.","questions":"What is the main concern of turn 3?","answer":"Assistance"}
{"text":["So you have worked directly with children at the Homestead Shelter in South Florida. Can you take us through one case, one specific type service that you provide now that you wouldn't be able to if and when these cuts go forward?","Generally we provide a Know-Your-Rights presentation to every single child that is detained in an ORR facility in South Florida. Next we provide a one-on-one legal screening with every single child that is in one of these shelters. That legal screening has two purposes. One is to let us know, is this an emergency?Do we need to file this child's case right away?Or are they eligible for relief and are going to be released to another location?If they're eligible for relief and going to be released elsewhere, we will work our butts off to try to find them a lawyer wherever they are released to.","What would it look like for a kid without a lawyer, without this type of legal aid that you're describing?","I mean, you can only imagine. There's no way that any child would be able to navigate this system alone. You know, no child is going to be able to represent themselves in court. And, you know, we see that already with unrepresented children."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Unrepresented children are at a disadvantage in court.","questions":"Which group of people is at a disadvantage in court?","answer":"Unrepresented"}
{"text":["But shouldn't you at least offer the people you're polling the option of checking that box as one of the issues?","In terms of?","Of, you know, as climate change or renewable energy, things like that. The choice is not even offered on the sheet of things that you - that is on your radar screen.","Yeah. Well, this is actually a really important point, is that when you look at - and I'll just come back to media coverage as an example. You know, for most people, this is an issue that's invisible. I mean, you can look out your window right this moment, and there's CO2 pouring out of tailpipes, out of smokestacks, out of buildings, but you can't see it, and likewise you can't see the impacts unless you know where to look. In fact, the only way most Americans even know about this issue is because of what they've learned about it in the media. They're not reading the peer-reviewed literature. They don't know scientists personally. They're learning about it through the media. And when the media doesn't report this issue, it's literally out of sight and out of mind."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"checking that box\" - This is a figurative expression meaning to select or choose an option, rather than actually checking a physical box.","questions":"What is the figurative expression for selecting or choosing an option?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["We wanted to show that it's much more than just the bad guys and the good guys. I remember that I went to the writer's room. And when we were sitting there, I said, I really want to be able and love and want to play every and each role in this show. Most of the terrorists that I saw on TV shows and movies are just the bad guys. Nothing - they didn't have kids. They didn't have families. They didn't have love. They didn't have anything.","And we wanted to show that. We wanted to show that the Israelis - they are not just the soldiers, the brutal bad soldiers. And this is why people feel compassion for both sides. But I can tell you that the terrorists in our show, when they go out in the streets of Israel - even in settlements - it doesn't matter where - people just want to take a selfie with him.","(Laughter).","They became sex symbols for Jewish and Arabs. It doesn't matter. It's like - it's crazy (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The fact that people want to take selfies with terrorists is surprising and absurd.","questions":"Which word describes the reaction to people taking selfies with terrorists?","answer":"Absurd"}
{"text":["Can you explain to us why a general manager or coach wouldn't, just in football terms, necessarily snap at the opportunity to sign Colin Kaepernick?","I think you have to ask yourself, can this player, in this case a quarterback, can he help us win?And how do you win in the league right now?It is not 40 years ago when you can win 17 to 10. You have to rack up the offense. And what Kaepernick basically does - his skill set, the best part of it - is he does not throw many interceptions. He had four last year against 16 touchdown passes. That's a really good ratio.","But someone like Matt Ryan of the Falcons is throwing the ball down the field on these fading outs towards the sideline on a rope. And that's not something Kaepernick has the accuracy really to do. So he's someone who helps you tread water, don't make mistakes, and other players on the team can come to the fore and make the plays that win a game. So in a way, he's a bit of an anachronism. His timing is not ideal for the league right now.","I'm a Bears fan. And I got to tell you that I was skeptical that Colin Kaepernick wasn't being signed because of his political stand. And then the Miami Dolphins signed Jay Cutler. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing their disappointment or dissatisfaction with the outcome of a situation or decision, without directly stating it.","questions":"Which speaker uses a form of indirect expression to convey their disappointment or dissatisfaction in the dialogue?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Right, but it was not my choice to be here. And this is what people forget. I applied for asylum in 27 different countries around the world, and it was the government, the United States government, then-Secretary John Kerry, that canceled my passport as I was leaving from Hong Kong en route to Ecuador. And this locked me in place.","I believe they panicked. And I think the reason that I'm in Russia today is because what we know - this was actually publicly reported in 2013. Every time one of these other countries, one that the United States public would be much more comfortable with - a France, a Norway, a Germany - one of two people would call the Foreign Ministry of that country. And it would be either Secretary of State John Kerry or then-Vice President Joe Biden.","The idea here is they would go, look; we understand that he has been charged with political crimes. This means you don't qualify for extradition, and you almost always do qualify for asylum protections. And the government - we know you can do this, but if you do, we want you to understand there will be a response. We're not going to say what it will be, but it will be severe because we don't want to see the public seeing this guy as a whistleblower, which the public then was coming around to do.","You say the U. S.  government panicked. Did the U. S.  government panic, or just they felt it was important to the national interest of the United States to make certain you - your movement was limited?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This made the person have to stay where they were at.","questions":"How was the person's movement affected?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Thank you.","This study was conducted by some FDA researchers. Can you tell us more about what they found?","They found that some of the chemical active ingredients in sunscreen - oxybenzone, avobenzone - was absorbed through the skin. But they did not make a determination about whether or not that meant health effects - health side effects from that absorption.","You were behind Consumer Reports' extensive ranking of sunscreens. So in light of this news, how should we think about our choice of sunscreen?What should we look for?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B wants more information about the FDA research findings","questions":"What did the FDPersonA researchers conclude about the chemical active ingredients in sunscreen?","answer":"Nothing"}
{"text":["Well, Jo, when she came to Parliament in May 2015, she immediately began work on the Syria refugee crisis. She set up a cross party group of MPs to work on the issue. She was one of the first people to call for humanitarian aid drops to the besieged towns and cities of Syria. And she was instrumental in changing U. K.  government policy so that the conservative government has now agreed to take 3,000 unaccompanied Syrian refugee children who are in desperate need of our help, solidarity and support. And so in that short one year, one month in Parliament, she made a tremendous difference. People had already marked her down as a rising star in the Labour Party.","And we should remember, she had a young family, I gather.","Jo had two young children, age 3 and 5, and she was talking about how one of them had chickenpox only the other day. She (inaudible) houseboat with her husband Brendan and the children. And it is so hard for people to come to terms with this senseless death. And we are shocked to the core.","Campaigning has been temporarily suspended in the referendum that's coming up in just a few days about whether Britain should stay in the European Union or leave. Could you tell us something about the political atmosphere in Britain as you see it now as this important referendum approaches?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : implies that the speaker is impressed with how Jo was able to balance her work with parenting; (3) implies that the speaker is expressing disbelief and dismay at the tragedy of Jo's death; (4) implies that the speaker is asking for an opinion on the current political atmosphere in Britain","questions":"Which turn implies the PersonA's admiration for Jo's political achievements in a short period of time?","answer":"Turn1"}
{"text":["But Alaphilippe seems to be digging deeper every day. He's a former soldier. And he's extremely tough, really affable, straight-talking. The things he's done - they've set on fire the passions of the people, really. He's just sort of gone on a rampage - these break-for-the-border dashes for the finishing line. And he's succeeded three or four times, and everybody's talking about him.","And then there is another Frenchman who is one of the favorites to win the race. Tell us about him.","That's right - Thibaut Pinot, very different, a very emotional man. And he fell into a trap a few days ago and lost a bit of time. But he's still in with a very big shot. So he's vowed to fight back on Saturday and may well get back into a position. Thibaut Pinot is about 28, 29 years old. He hasn't raced here for a while. He'd been racing in Italy. He really is a very, very popular man. And if he does win the Tour de France, he will be the most popular man in France.","Now, as we've said, the race is just past its halfway point, and a Frenchman has not won the Tour de France in 34 years. So what's the attitude and sentiment like among people in these small French towns where the cyclists are whizzing past?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The people have seen what he is capable of and believe he posses the skills and abilities to win.","questions":"What do the people believe about the skills and abilities of the person mentioned in the statement?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["What I can tell you is that they are very interested in immigration. They are very concerned about the numbers of people who have been crossing the border in recent months, and they feel like Congress isn't giving the president what he wants. You know, I've been talking to voters both here and in the area yesterday. And I'd ask people - you know, what is the most important issue to you?And again and again and again, they brought up immigration.","Describe the scene for us there in Orlando. I know people have been camping out for this rally. What's the atmosphere like?","It's this, you know, festival atmosphere that often pops up around a Trump rally. There were people lined up, as you say. I came out at 8 o'clock this morning and walked around, and the line was very, very, very long. And then it turned into Woodstock because there was a massive thunderstorm - I mean, just an unbelievable thunderstorm and lightning and thunder. And there was a sign that went up on a big electronic board that said, we encourage you to take shelter. No one took shelter. Everybody stayed exactly where they were in line as mud just built up around them on the ground. They weren't about to get out of line.","OK. This is the mud part of Woodstock, not the free lover, psychedelics part of Woodstock."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People are concerned about immigration, not just interested.","questions":"What is the main topic of concern for people according to A?","answer":"Immigration"}
{"text":["Oh yes, in fact the conventional laser was only two years old, and it taught us that light could be coherent. But it didn't say anything about a semiconductor and whether the semiconductor would do this. And actually the furor started with Rediker's group from Lincoln Laboratories, MIT, reporting that they had gotten good spontaneous light out of gallium arsenide.","And then several of us went home and realized there ought to be a way to make that coherent, into a laser, and we did it. And - but I'm the guy that was crazy enough to make my own homemade alloy, which a lot of people didn't think would work, and shift it up to where the eye could see. And that's the whole basis of it.","Ah, did you - why did it take 50 years?","Well because these crystal systems are complicated, how to grow them is complicated. There are wrong methods and arguments about right ways to proceed, and it just - it's a zig-zag process. You make a bad move, and then you're going to make another move to find your way, and it just took a long while to get there."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Creating the semiconductor laser required trial and error.","questions":"What was the process like for creating the semiconductor laser?","answer":"Trial"}
{"text":["There is a level of acceptance for some. So one young woman I met joined the all-women's force after being brutalized by her husband, who was part of ISIS. On the other hand, the women who were foreigners and even the real hardcore last holdouts in the fight against ISIS who are in this town of Baghuz, which had basically an apocalyptic end. They ran out of food. They ran out of water.","And what you see now from the women who were part of that is that all of the crimes of ISIS - you know, enslaving girls, raping women, beheading people on the streets, the hangings - that was not enough really to make them lose confidence in the head of ISIS. But the fact that children whose families belong to ISIS starved to death while leaders had food, that is what's making people very disappointed, very disillusioned, especially the women I've talked to.","Are there people who still support the caliphate despite all that they went through?","Absolutely there are. And in fact, one woman from Egypt I met has four daughters. She was talking about how all they want is to go home, to go back to Egypt, to go back to the parks, to go see relatives. And she said to me, you know, I don't believe in Baghdadi. But I still believe in the caliphate."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The crimes committed by ISIS, such as enslaving girls, raping women, and beheading people, did not make the women lose confidence in the head of ISIS, but the fact that children whose families belong to ISIS starved to death while leaders had food did.","questions":"Which event made the women lose confidence in the head of ISIS?","answer":"Starvation"}
{"text":["NPR's Tovia Smith has been following the story from Boston and joins us now. Tovia, let's begin with what you saw in court today.","Well, Felicity Huffman actually broke down in tears in court as she explained to the judge that her daughter knew nothing about the scam and that her daughter's accommodation for extra time on tests was legit. But she then pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit mail fraud, admitting that she paid $15,000 to get her daughter's SAT scores boosted by having someone correct the answers after the daughter took the test.","And we know Huffman is among the most high-profile of defendants, along with the other Hollywood star Lori Loughlin, but another parent also pleaded guilty in court today, and that is LA businessman Devin Sloane, who was involved in a different angle of this scam. He paid bribes to get his son recruited to the USC water polo team even though the son was never a competitive player. And the dad went so far as to get someone to photoshop pictures of his son to look like he was. And he paid $250,000 in bribes that were disguised as charitable donations.","Sloane and Huffman are among 20 parents, coaches, others to plead guilty. What are they hoping for?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"joins us now\" - Literal meaning: Tovia Smith physically joins the radio program at that moment. Actual meaning: Tovia Smith starts speaking on the radio program.","questions":"What did Tovia Smith do when she joined the radio program?","answer":"spoke"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . So the interest rates, your ability to borrow. And the chancellor has put a lot of emphasis on providing credit to new home buyers. House prices are up quite steeply in some parts of the U. K. , which gives everyone a short-term feeling of prosperity, and maybe it encourages them to spend. Where that leads to five years down the road is another question.","What do you think politicians are going to make of this?And I mean in the U. S.  as much as the U. K.","Well, it's interesting. A couple of years ago, the U. K.  debate about austerity was quite relevant to the United States. Now I think it seems very distant. We've somewhat put our budget woes behind us. Now, I understand that there's no perfect long-term budget deal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implies that the speaker is asking for the other person's opinion about the political implications of the current situation.","questions":"What is the PersonA's main concern in turn 1?","answer":"houseprices"}
{"text":["My father believed the world was divided between those who were mentally and physically strong and those who were weak and lazy. For this, I had to undergo a physical and psychological training.","Can you tell us about those nights in the cellar?","From the age of 6, I had to spend one night a month in the basement meditating on death. I sat on a stool, alone, in the dark, surrounded by rats. And I had a cardigan with small bells on it. I wasn't allowed to let the bells tinkle, as it meant that I was moving. It was one of his exercises.","There are just too many instances of abuse and cruelty to recount - I mean, the way he didn't turn on the heat, the way he made you bathe in his dirty water. He said he gave you his energy that way or something."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"those nights in the cellar\" - this is a euphemism for the traumatic and abusive experience that the speaker had to endure as a child. It is a way of avoiding directly mentioning the abuse, perhaps to downplay or conceal its severity.","questions":"Which experience did the speaker have to endure alone in the basement?","answer":"Abusive"}
{"text":["So they believe in the rapture. And unless they stick to Brethren rules and have no contact with the outside world, they'll be left behind in the rapture. So that's essentially them. They're very conservative, very secretive.","So this new leader - when he took over, what kind of things did he change?","He upped all the stakes, really. He decided that the Brethren were not being hardline enough, that they weren't being separate enough. And he enforced the rule that if you had a teenager in your house who had been raised in the Brethren but was not yet breaking bread - i. e. , fully compliant - you couldn't eat with them. You couldn't eat with non-Brethren outside. You couldn't go to the cinema or have radios or television or newspapers.","So effectively, he not only separated off the Brethren from all contact with the outside world - you know, they might have been able before to have worked for non-Brethren. Now they had to work for other Brethren. And there was a great deal more compliance and surveillance as well. There's a lot of mass confessions. There are a lot of punishments for noncompliant behavior."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"mass confessions\" - This phrase refers to a practice where members of the Brethren confess their sins publicly in front of the congregation. The literal meaning would be a large number of confessions happening at once.","questions":"How do members of the Brethren confess their sins publicly?","answer":"Publicly"}
{"text":["I think the crash of the stock market, along with a shooting war in Iraq and a shooting war in Afghanistan made wonkiness less toxic and less unappealing. The Democrats would always field these sort of wonky smartypants candidates. And. . .","Michael Dukakis and John Kerry.","Michael Dukakis and John Kerry, you know, Al Gore, and they were clearly knowledgeable. But the Republicans would always say, yeah, but you wouldn't want to have a beer with them. They don't understand you. They don't understand the American people. And even though our candidate - George W.  Bush comes to mind - may not be an intellectual powerhouse, he understands real people.","And, in fact, there has been in American politics for a long time - you can go all the way back to Adlai Stevenson in the '50s is a prime example - an anti-intellectual fear in American politics, that intellectuals really didn't get it, and they shouldn't be put in high office. But the relative wonkiness of Obama and Joe Biden seemed more appealing to the relative unwonkiness of John McCain and especially Sarah Palin. And I think that helped removed the taint, really, of being smart."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The wonkiness of smart candidates is not popular with voters.","questions":"What is the reason for the unpopularity of smart candidates?","answer":"wonkiness"}
{"text":["Hmm. Was this a candidate for the - one of your Ig Nobel Prizes?","Everything's a candidate for the Ig Nobel Prize. This one has not won. But the disturbing thing here is what it says that - is that there's a lot of science out there done over generations that assumes that damage to bones had to come from teeth or from knives beforehand. Now we know a lot of damage to bones happens from the chemicals inside the body. So there's a lot science out there that people believe in that may not be quite so correct.","And is that one of the reasons why you put a lot of these stories together in your book, to talk about what science is out there that people may not be aware of?","Yeah, yeah. And I'd like to say that this particular story, by the way, I'm kind of happy with the headline I came up with for that. I called it \"The Tasting of the Shrew. \""],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Not all scientific beliefs are accurate, even if widely accepted.","questions":"Which prize category did the story \"The Tasting of the Shrew\" belong to?","answer":"Ig"}
{"text":["I don't want to give away how your story seems to resolve itself toward the end, but I think a lot of people would ask you why do you even talk to your mother now?Why do you care what she thinks?","Oh, my God. I love my mother to death, and I'm a writer and I'm a black, American writer, and I would not be a writer, a reader or teacher had my mother not loved me enough to instill a practice at an early age. And this book, in some way, is like her investment coming full circle. She really believes that reading and writing can save us. And I don't know if that's true, but I know I'm a writer. I know I'm an American reader, and I wanted to use my words to try to talk to her and try to tell her that we can be better. We can be better if we give ourselves a chance to walk honestly together. And that's what I tried to do with this book.","Kiese Laymon - his book, \"Heavy: An American Memoir\" - thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you so much for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : give away in this context means to tell someone something without much warning, usually a secret ","questions":"What is the alternative word for \"give away\" used in turn 0?","answer":"Reveal"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So boys are broken. What did you mean by that?","I want to clarify that I am not an expert in gender studies. I'm not an expert really in anything, other than maybe '80s music. And so my thoughts are reflective on my experiences and the experiences of people around me and my observations after living 46 years as a dude. What do I mean by boys are broken?I think it means that there is something going on with American men that is giving them the permission and space to commit violence. And one of the main things we focus on correctly is guns and mental health, but I think deeper than that is a problem, a crisis in masculinity.","You wrote in this that the last 50 years redefined womanhood. Women were taught that they can be anything. No commensurate movement for men, who are still generally locked to the same rigid, outdated model of masculinity. And it's killing us. When you say that there's this rigid masculinity, what do you mean by that - that men aren't able to express themselves?","Partially, yeah. I also think that masculinity doesn't have a language in the way that femininity has come to have a language. We understand that femininity can be much more broadly encompassing than masculinity now. When you think of a strong woman, that doesn't rob her of any of her femininity. But when you think of a fragile man, that has the effect culturally, I think, of neutering that guy. And so much of masculinity is rooted in sexuality."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Boys are broken implies that there is no commensurate movement for men to redefine masculinity, which is still generally locked to the same rigid, outdated model.","questions":"How is masculinity described culturally when men are thought of as fragile?","answer":"feminine"}
{"text":[". . . back in the - I think the big telescopes like Hubble and other ground-based telescopes will be used to observe the impact site if any debris appears. In fact, back in 2009, there was an impact of a much larger asteroid on Jupiter that caused a really - a debris cloud on Jupiter that was about as big as the Pacific Ocean.","Wow.","And the newly repaired Hubble was used to observe that impact, and a lot was learned about that impact from Hubble observation.","So folks are really tweaking it up now. I mean, and having a good weekend, you just need a nice clear sky, and you too might discover something."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A clear sky is all you need to make discoveries.","questions":"What is the key to making discoveries?","answer":"Sky"}
{"text":["Right. So there are a number of animal indicators that people look at when trying to predict winter weather, and those mostly fall in the category of folklore. In other words, there aren't any studies which demonstrate any true relationship between animal behavior or, for example, acorn\/squirrel behavior prior to winter and how harsh a winter it's going to be. One of the favorites is the wooly caterpillar. And there are those who say the brown segment in the middle of that caterpillar, if it's wide, it's going to be warm. If it's narrow, it's going to be cold. And that's a long-standing folklore, but there's really no established scientific literature which validates those sorts of predictions.","Myth busted here on SCIENCE FRIDAY. Thanks for joining us today, Jason Samenow.","You bet. It was a pleasure. Thank you.","Jason Samenow is the chief meteorologist for the Capital Weather Gang at The Washington Post."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is no scientific evidence to support the belief that certain animal behaviors can predict winter weather","questions":"How do people try to predict winter weather based on animal behavior?","answer":"Folklore"}
{"text":["Brazil is one of the leading producers of two very important crops: soy and corn. But lately, frozen credit has made it nearly impossible for farmers there to afford the basics that they need to grow those crops. Brian Willott farms 2,000 acres of soybeans just outside Bahia, Brazil. He joins us now by phone.","Welcome, Brian, and can you explain for us how the credit situation there in Brazil has affected you and other farmers?","Credit's a big problem right now. No farmer can survive today without credit, and since the credit crunch hit, everyone's credit has either been cut, delayed or more expensive. And it's got everyone here quite worried.","What do you use loans for?How important is it?What do you use it to buy?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Credit is important for farmers to survive and the credit crunch has made it more expensive and difficult to obtain","questions":"What has the credit crunch made for farmers in Brazil?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["I mean, anything that - any interest rate right now that's pegged to the federal funds rate, which is a key benchmark rate that many, many credit cards, many, many - some types of mortgages - but also many more types of short-term debts are pegged to, you can benefit a whole lot.","The problem is that if you're already in one of these homes, for example, that's - and you're underwater, meaning that you're house is worth less than the mortgage owner, and you've got poor credit or you don't have enough money or enough equity in the house to be able to refinance, then you're going to run it to a proper and you're not going to benefit.","Whether or not they - that helps the economy overall remains to be seen. I mean, the problem with economics statistics is that many times they lag by a couple of months. And so by the time you find out - by the time a recession is declared, you may have already been in one for about a month or two before you - before the rest of the country actually knows ,you know, some grand proclamation that comes from the Federal Reserve or some economists somewhere that we are in a recession.","We're going to talk a little bit more soon with a realtor in Ohio, your state, about the situation there. But last week, Countrywide Financial was subpoenaed by the attorney general of Florida. It's just one of a number of government agencies investigating the largest mortgage lender."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) To be subpoenaed means to be compelled to testify in court or provide evidence.","questions":"How was Countrywide Financial affected by the attorney general of Florida's subpoena?","answer":"Compelled"}
{"text":["There isn't. And I think the interesting thing about this government is they have cut the Argentine military budget so severely in the last few years that even if Argentina wanted to invade the Falklands, they would be incapable of doing so. So that's one good thing.","So what does this campaign amount to then besides words?","Well, they're trying to put economic pressure on Britain. And I think actually the British are a little bit worried about it. They are stopping cruise ships that come from the Falklands, not allowing them to dock in Argentina. They are pressuring the Chileans to cut off the one air link between Chile and the Falkland Islands. They are calling on Argentine manufacturers to cut down on the import of British goods. And I think the worry is that they will make this into a regional campaign, that they will try and persuade the Brazilians, the Peruvians and others to start putting economic pressure on Britain as well.","And the rallying cry of anti-colonialism has a lot of residents in South America."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"What is the interesting thing about the Argentine military budget according to A?","answer":"Severely"}
{"text":["I'm great. So, you were hearing about Dr.  Maxwell and her approach to sex and sexuality in the discussion between parents and kids. How do you think that conversation changes when you're talking about teen to teen?","Well, I think it's much better teen to teen because most of the teenagers, they kind of don't listen to their parents or adults. They think they don't know what they're talking about. And when you hear it from your friend or peer, they kind of take it more seriously. They're like, oh, I didn't know that. You know, and they believe it more.","Give me an example of a conversation - well, first of all, tell us what it means to do peer education. What kind of, you know, a space are you in?How many people are you talking to?Just give us a visual for that.","Well, a teen advocate is basically a teenager's resource. We help teens who have questions or concerns regarding sex, sexuality, dating relationships, dating violence and so on. And I kind of speak to roughly about three to four teenagers a day, and I'm constantly giving advice. We reach out to teens in our classrooms, community centers, MySpace, Facebook. We do everything from performing skits to community outreach to talking one-on-one with the teens. And because we care so much and our only concern is keeping teens healthy and safe, we advocate. Once a year we go up to Albany and lobby to legislators to pass the Healthy Teens Act,which is a piece of legislation that provides resources for schools to - that give comprehensive sex education."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Teenagers are more likely to take advice from peers than adults","questions":"Which approach to sex education do teenagers take more seriously?","answer":"Peer"}
{"text":["Now, I understand South Dakota doesn't have an income tax. So is that why collecting sales tax is particularly important to your state?","That's right. The sales tax is about 63 percent of our state's general budget. So that's what we used to help on education and other important functions of government. We chose to use the sales tax rather than a state income tax.","So the better business has been for online retailers. The worst news, that's been for your state's budget.","That's exactly right. I mean, the United States Supreme Court has estimated that this is costing South Dakota between $48 and $58 million every year, which is a significant hit to our budget."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Sales tax is crucial to South Dakota's budget due to lack of income tax","questions":"What is the primary source of revenue for South Dakota's budget?","answer":"Sales"}
{"text":["For decades there has been this idea that women were not professional unless they were torturing around in a heel. But I think if you strip all that away and go down to really base level, we've got to admit that, you know, it is - it's patriarchal, and it's misogynistic. It's this idea that women should be sort of slowed down and debilitated.","So I think it's quite tricky. I think, you know, in the paragraph you just read out, I was trying to sort of explore that duality that we get with a lot of these conversations. We have it around, you know, bikini waxes and makeup and a lot of the sort of traditional trappings of femininity, this idea that it can be something we enjoy doing and that we sort of take a pleasure in doing. But it's impossible to know whether we would be doing it if we lived outside a patriarchal society.","So why do you say you suspect that they might be over?","Well, fashion really has led us in a certain direction. So for the last few years, we've seen the rise of the fashion sneaker. We've seen, you know, magazine editors, models, celebrities comfortably kind of bouncing around in sneakers. And suddenly, dress codes have changed. So it's completely acceptable to turn up to quite a smart party wearing a lovely dress with a pair of sneakers on the bottom. This summer we've seen the rise of the ugly sandal as well."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is an idea that women must suffer through the pain of wearing high heeled shoes to be professional.","questions":"What is the traditional feminine item that has been replaced by fashion sneakers and ugly sandals according to the dialogue?","answer":"Heels"}
{"text":["Californians who are terminally ill can now receive a prescription from their doctor for drugs that will end their life. The End Of Life Option Act passed last year went into effect this week. It allows people that two doctors have said have six months or less to live to receive drugs to end their lives as long as they're found to be mentally competent. The person receiving the drug must give it to themselves.","Lonny Shavelson is a physician and author who's been teaching doctors around the state. He's also started a practice devoted to people who want assistance to end their lives. Dr.  Shavelson joins us now from Berkeley. Thanks very much for being with us.","It's my pleasure. Thanks for having me.","What - and what kind of questions are doctors bringing to you?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) implies that Dr. Shavelson is happy to be invited and is expressing his gratitude.","questions":"What is Dr. Shavelson's emotional response to being invited to the show?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["Oh, yes, they're going to do it, like, regional. You know, so that'll be able to reach more people throughout the country, which is good because not everyone can make it to D. C.  And it doesn't start in D. C. It starts in every community where the blood flowed for our freedoms.","Well, Tim Chambers, thank you for stopping by and sharing a little bit of your story with us. Thank you.","My pleasure.","That's Marine Corps veteran Tim Chambers, also known as the Saluting Marine."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Saluting Marine is a well-known figure among Marines.","questions":"What is the nickname of Tim Chambers?","answer":"Saluting"}
{"text":["Before summer slips away, North Country Public Radio's Brian Mann decided to take a day off from work for one last hot-weather canoe trip in upstate New York. With his wife Susan, Brian paddled and trekked through the Ausable Marshes in the Champlain Valley. He sent back this audio postcard.","We've just set out into the Ausable Marshes, this gorgeous delta of marshlands and ox-bows that form here between the Ausable River and Lake Champlain. Already, just a few paddle strokes from the road, it's green and humid.","B.  MANN: The forest along the river is lush with birds. A kingfisher loops from bank to bank. It feels sort of tropical and up in the bow of the canoe, Susan strips down to her swimsuit.","This paddling reminded me of the Louisiana bayou. Not quite as hot."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Manns were looking forward to a relaxing and enjoyable day out in the nature.","questions":"Which emotions were the Manns feeling during their canoe trip?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["I think it does make a difference. Different presidents, Lyndon Johnson and Carter, did a great deal in adding blacks to the - at least, district court bench, not as much on the appellate courts. So, I think it is a little easier. You have one man. If he is dedicated to the idea of having a diverse judiciary, and they're lifetime appointments, you're Article Three judges, so you do have a better chance.","On the state level, it tends to be so local with local prejudices and wants. In Ohio, we were talking about, there's a name game going on. Seats constantly being taken by guys with the same name. And a lot of people, in elected places, don't know who the judges are.","When you have 40 judges on the common pleas court bench, the odds that you don't know who they are, what they represent because they can't say anything really profound in their campaigning other then I will be fair and impartial, you don't know about their background. It's a difficult thing to do.","All of this said, given your experience, what do you think that some African-American judges can bring, first of all, in the courtroom, dealing with people who are accused of crimes, but secondly, among their colleagues."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"there's a name game going on\" - Literal meaning: a game related to names. Actual meaning: Judges are being appointed based on their names rather than their qualifications.","questions":"How are judges appointed in Ohio?","answer":"qualification"}
{"text":["Many of the smartest people in the world, the most engaged people in the world are also linguistically colorful, and sometimes you have to. . . .","Backtrack a bit. On that note, have you called the senator or spoken with the senator since. . . ?","I spoke with his staff. Our friendship remains intact and I do not want anything that was said in any guise to distract from his message and our support for his campaign.","Now during the '84 campaign you called New York \"Hymietown\" while speaking with a black Washington Post reporter, and you got a lot of heat for that. So, this I understand occurred when you spoke when you thought a mike was closed. So what have you learned about interacting with us in the media from all this stuff?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : linguistically colorful implies being very good or bright in linguistic ","questions":"How would you describe the smartest people in the world mentioned by B?","answer":"Engaged"}
{"text":["I'm sorry. Yeah.","So what to do?","OK. There are a couple of solutions. I would first offer the Solomonic solution - take them both out. Or perhaps you would want to put the girl in back of the bull or standing alongside the bull. In fact, Herman Melville's \"Moby Dick\" begins in the first paragraph with Ishmael wandering down right on this corner, having his nose lead him to water. I'd rather have a sculpture of Melville there. I think the point is most public sculpture is bad because there are too many people involved with making the decision. It's too democratized because of, necessarily, where it goes.","Jerry Saltz is senior art critic for New York Magazine. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : I'm sorry.Yeah.\" Implicated Meaning: The speaker is not genuinely sorry or apologetic, but rather dismissive or sarcastic. The use of \"yeah\" indicates a lack of sincerity.","questions":"Which word did the speaker use to indicate insincerity in turn 0?","answer":"Yeah"}
{"text":["This got a no.","So the applicant explained when they applied for this. They said, quote, \"It has no meaning. I just want to get it because I like it. That's it. \"The DMV recognized very quickly - they said 420 - national smoke day - 420 - marijuana. So it's a reference to marijuana and cannabis.","Sorry, Eddi. All right. Here's the next one.","UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #1: H-O-T-N-S-X-E. Hot and sexy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #1: H-O-T-N-S-X-E. Hot and sexy.  In this turn, the literal meaning of the letters spelled out is \"H-O-T-N-S-X-E\", but the actual meaning is \"hot and sexy\".","questions":"What was the actual meaning of the letters spelled out in turn 3?","answer":"hot"}
{"text":["Again, I don't sign off on absolutely everything Nancy Pelosi, Donald Trump, Mitch McConnell, Chuck Schumer or Kevin McCarthy may tweet or declare. I don't. I'm not the endorser of anyone. And I have pushed back on statements that I do believe do exacerbate the very climate and culture that I just referenced. Indeed. But to put the onus exclusively on the president when on the other side of the aisle there are calls of uber-racism and absolutely. . .","When has Nancy Pelosi ever told anybody to go back where they came from?","No, Nancy Pelosi hasn't told anyone to come back where they came from. But there have been policies and exacerbated hyperbole in rhetoric as it pertains to statements made on both sides - Democrats and Republicans - that have led to this sort of climate. So to put the onus exclusively on the president would not be fair. Are there things the president has stated or tweeted that I have disagreed with?Absolutely. But the same thing on the other side of the aisle.","What do you see as your role in the days ahead?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker does not endorse everything politicians tweet but criticizes some statements as exacerbating culture and climate (score: 4)","questions":"Which politician's tweets does the speaker not endorse entirely?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["So where'd that song come from?","That song - Frank Rogers is my producer, and we got together - it was the first time we had met each other, we were talking about what kind of record I wanted to make. And I told him I really wanted to make a country record, and that was the first song we wrote together.","You know, we're both really happily married guys, and you listen to that song and it's a big divorce song. And people think the theme of country music, you know, my baby left me, my dog left me, and all that stuff, and so we just wanted to write a real basic country shuffle, and we came with \"All I Want\" and I love that tune. I love playing it live, you know, and having Brad Paisley play it on the record was an amazing thing. And I'm a big fan of that tune.","You, I understand, got a phone call from Maya Angelou?I don't know anything about it, but I was told to ask about it by my producer, Devon. So there must be something there. What's the story?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is implying that the song was inspired by wanting to write a stereotypical country song about heartbreak and the wife leaving","questions":"What was the inspiration for the song?","answer":"stereotypical"}
{"text":["Then last week, we produced a segment on how third party candidates were affecting the presidential race. Daniel Rosenfield (ph) in Dallas, Texas, thanked us for interviewing Libertarian candidate Bob Barr. He writes, \"Bob Barr rarely receives any media attention, and you guys have given new hope for third parties. In this election year, where third parties are reaching new voter records, it is important to educate the people of America. \"","Listener Kevin Smith wrote in about an interview you did with comedian David Alan Grier about his new Comedy Central show, \"Chocolate News. \"He thinks Grier's comedy is funny, but too often crosses the line. He writes, \"When people like me stop laughing, and point this out, we're called uptight. No, I want to laugh like everyone else, but I don't want to do it at the expense of our dignity and progress. I'm sorry, but we're not in the same position as whites who wield power in this country. They can afford to satirize their leaders and ancestors, we can't. Leave Maya Angelou and MLK and the like alone. \"","And finally, Laura Tillman (ph) in Athens, Georgia, wrote us this. \"I moved to Georgia last year from Vermont, and was really happy to discover the NPR News & Notes program, which brought a perspective that was lacking from my old Vermont NPR station. However, I sometimes feel that the shows are a little rushed. Other than that, I thoroughly enjoy the show, and thank you for a job well done. \"","And thank you for your letters. Please keep your comments coming."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : keep your  comments coming means to keep talking","questions":"Which phrase indicates the listener's dissatisfaction with the show in turn 2?","answer":"crosses-line."}
{"text":["Can you explain to us why a general manager or coach wouldn't, just in football terms, necessarily snap at the opportunity to sign Colin Kaepernick?","I think you have to ask yourself, can this player, in this case a quarterback, can he help us win?And how do you win in the league right now?It is not 40 years ago when you can win 17 to 10. You have to rack up the offense. And what Kaepernick basically does - his skill set, the best part of it - is he does not throw many interceptions. He had four last year against 16 touchdown passes. That's a really good ratio.","But someone like Matt Ryan of the Falcons is throwing the ball down the field on these fading outs towards the sideline on a rope. And that's not something Kaepernick has the accuracy really to do. So he's someone who helps you tread water, don't make mistakes, and other players on the team can come to the fore and make the plays that win a game. So in a way, he's a bit of an anachronism. His timing is not ideal for the league right now.","I'm a Bears fan. And I got to tell you that I was skeptical that Colin Kaepernick wasn't being signed because of his political stand. And then the Miami Dolphins signed Jay Cutler. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing their disappointment or dissatisfaction with the outcome of a situation or decision, without directly stating it.","questions":"What is the PersonA's feeling towards a situation or decision?","answer":"Disappointment"}
{"text":["Believe me, I was - I just went into a state of shock. Yeah, it was one of those things. I mean, I guess some people's imaginations run towards good fortune all the time, but I'm sort of the kid who's always sort of preparing myself for the apocalypse. So when something good happens, it's more extraordinary even than normal.","Yeah, do you know who nominated you, by the way?","Oh hell no, and whoever did kept their secret because I had no clue.","Oh, you won't find that out. That's so interesting because I think you'd want to go and thank them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is often expecting bad things to happen, so when something good happens, it's more exceptional than usual.","questions":"How does the speaker describe their attitude towards good fortune?","answer":"Attitude"}
{"text":["He was an amazingly debonair guy. He was a man of society, as I came to figure out. He was a guy who attended functions at The Plaza for the Soldiers, Sailors, Marine Corps and Airmen's Association, the Petroushka Ball at the Waldorf, the Russian Nobility Ball, the Viennese Waltz Ball - all of these crazy events that, frankly, I had never heard of, but he was - had long-standing involvement with.","And he - this was his life.","This was his life. He was the organizer of these things. He would orchestrate table settings. He was the man at the door who would greet everybody. You know, he actually invited my wife and I to one of these events one time. It was one at The Plaza. And there stood Alan, right behind the reception table as you walked in: tuxedo, tails, you know, medals on his chest. He had served in the Air Force. And he - you know, he was the host of this whole universe, really. I mean, he was involved in numerous events like this.","And among those phone messages, you used to get messages from women named Muffy explaining what a grand, smashing time they'd had."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The man was highly involved in social events and had long-standing involvement with various organizations.","questions":"Which events was the man involved in?","answer":"Various"}
{"text":["Diane Standaert of the nonprofit Center for Responsible Lending in Washington, D. C. , joins us now. Thanks very much for being with us.","Thanks for the opportunity to speak with you.","We're talking about car title loans and consumer finance loans. What are the differences?","Car title loans typically carry 300 percent interest rates and are typically due in 30 days and take access to a borrower's car title as security for the loan. Consumer finance loans have no limits on the rates that they can charge and also take access to the borrower's car as security for the loan. And so in some states, such as Virginia, there's very little difference between the predatory practices and the consequences for consumers of these types of loans.","How do people get trapped?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking how people can become trapped in debt due to car title loans and consumer finance loans.","questions":"Which turn asks about how people become trapped in debt due to car title loans and consumer finance loans?","answer":"4"}
{"text":["And I think my - like, I never liked the term African-American. I think it's a horrible term because it all-encompassing. It's just African-American, you know?What African?African where?African - you can't just say that, you know?When you look at white Americans, it's very specific. You go, oh, he's Italian-American. Yeah, I'm an Italian-American. And you've got, you know, you've got your Jewish Americans, and you've got your Irish Americans. Everyone's proud of their culture. The African-American, it's just - it's, you know?African where?","Well, for so long nobody really knew where they were from.","But exactly. But I think that the first step to - I guess to finding peace, I find, is knowing where you are from. You know, where you are from determines a lot of who you are. And so for me, you know, Ghanaian American, Nigerian, you'll discover so much in your culture when you know just a little bit about where you're from.","Do you find it interesting that we have a president who is literally African-American?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Do you find it interesting that we have a president who is literally African-American?\" - The literal meaning of this turn is a question about the speaker's opinion on having a president of African American descent, but the actual meaning is a comment on the significance of Barack Obama's presidency as a milestone in American history and a recognition of the progress made in race relations.","questions":"Which milestone is being referred to in turn 3?","answer":"presidency"}
{"text":["What should people really be thinking about in terms of the drivers of heart disease?","Well, you know, the things that we know so well, like obesity and diabetes and smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure and sedentary - lack of exercise, those are the biggies. They're not going to go away. They are so much more overshadowing this tiny and questionable effect of blood group.","And of course if there was a blood group effect, which is quite questionable, as you already pointed out, we don't have a whole lot of control about that, but we do about much of our lifestyle.","Are these things, do they work in concert together, or is there sort of one big driver?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It implies the factors that increases the risk of heart disease.","questions":"How can the risk of heart disease be increased?","answer":"Lifestyle"}
{"text":["Joining me now is Christoph Schott, who directed that report for Avaaz. He's on the line from Brussels. Hi, there.","Hi, there. Good to be here.","Good to have you with us. So give us some examples. What kind of things did you find?","We found a very, very large set of different type of content from actual disinformation. We saw, for example, a video of migrants destroying a police car, viewed 10 million times, when, actually, that was out of a movie - years old. And people kind of got a misrepresenting, like, picture of reality where they thought this type of content, both very hateful or, actually, outright lies, is very popular in the community. And that's what really concern us - that these disinformation networks out there share this content so far and wide so quickly that it reaches millions of millions of Europeans every single day.","Right. I mean, you found it was reaching people in Germany and Spain and France, Italy, the United Kingdom - all over Europe."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Disinformation networks are spreading false and hateful content rapidly","questions":"How was false and hateful content being spread by disinformation networks?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["And no problems for their ears?","Well, there sometimes are problems for their ears. I mean, whenever you hear a kid screaming their brains out behind you or in front of you on a plane, probably that kid is having air pressure problems. And what happens is that, if they can't pop their ears very well - that is, popping your ears is equalizing the pressure in the middle ear with that in the atmosphere around you, which we mostly do by making those funny little motions with our jaw and swallowing and things like that - little kids often don't know how to do that.","What can happen is that, as the pressure in the plane drops, the pressure in the middle ear remains at sea level, and so the ear drum gets stretched. And ear drums don't like to get stretched. Sometimes they get stretched badly enough so that they can even tear, although that's really quite rare. One of the things that it does lead to is terrible pain sometimes for kids. I always recommend that parents give kids something to drink and sometimes just sort of chewing on a candy increases saliva, so that you swallow, and it allows pressure to equalize.","OK, so for kids who are not healthy, what about them?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker uses the phrase \"screaming their brains out\" to describe a child who is crying loudly. This is an idiomatic expression that means the child is crying very loudly and vigorously.","questions":"What does the phrase \"screaming their brains out\" mean?","answer":"Crying"}
{"text":["Is there any such thing as truly pure water from any source, bottled or tap?","Well, it's called distilled water, sure. It ends up actually not tasting very good. It's funny actually - for Aquafina and Dasani and actually the major bottled water brands, that's actually tap water that is passed through very fine filters. It's called reverse osmosis. And then the water actually is too clean to taste good. So, in the industry they call it pixie dust - they put some minerals actually back into the water to improve the taste.","So, clean water tastes bad.","Well, I mean, what's clean water, right?I mean, the water that we have out of our tap is clean. The water that we have out of bottled water is clean, right?The question is do you want water that has no contaminants in it all, which would be distilled, or water that's safe to drink?And the fact is we could certainly treat water if we wanted to, to the point where there's nothing in it, but we wouldn't be willing to pay the cost."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"And the fact is we could certainly treat water if we wanted to, to the point where there's nothing in it, but we wouldn't be willing to pay the cost.\"  The literal meaning of this turn is that it is possible to treat water to the point where there are no contaminants in it, but the cost would be too high for people to be willing to pay for it. The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning, and there is no figurative language or idiomatic expression used.","questions":"Which water treatment is too expensive for people to be willing to pay for?","answer":"Schemers"}
{"text":["Well, I say that may be the case. And I'm for affirmative action. I'm for giving opportunities to minorities. I'm for immigration reform. I'm a very proud Hispanic. But I just think the Democratic Party has to communicate a better message of economic populism, of helping small businesses. Somehow the centrist white male, the conservative white male that used to vote Democratic from the South and the Midwest is eluding us. And we've got to get that base back or get some portion of the base because they're leaving us in droves.","And what about those politicians that might say, hey, look, we won a couple of national elections with the demographics that we have in the Democratic Party.","Well, what I say to them is that's great. But we've lost the Congress. We've lost the House. We've lost the Senate. We lose governorships. And, you know, it's not just the presidency that has the power in this country. It's local officials, it's county commissioners, it's governors. It's not just the Congress. It's a whole range of offices where we're not competing because we - we need a stronger, compelling economic message. And somehow, that seems to be eluding us if you look at recent elections, especially in the South and the Midwest.","You've already cited Bernie Sanders. And I gather you have endorsed Hillary Clinton for the Democratic nomination for president. How do you think Secretary Clinton addresses these issues?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : suggests that the Democratic Party must put forth a more persuasive and powerful economic message to win more elections","questions":"How does the speaker suggest the Democratic Party can win more elections?","answer":"Economic"}
{"text":["And Border Patrol agents are making a lot of trips to the hospital with sick children up and down the Southwest border - nearly 70 kids a day since December, they say. But immigration officials say it's just hard to keep up with the sheer numbers here. It's putting a huge strain on resources, and they're asking Congress for billions of additional dollars to deal with it.","In the meantime, what more have you learned in your reporting about the death of Carlos Hernandez Vasquez?","Well, a couple of things. One thing that really stands out is that Carlos Hernandez Vasquez died in a Border Patrol station. The previous migrant children who died were taken to the hospital first; Hernandez Vasquez was not even though immigration authorities clearly knew that he was sick. He was diagnosed with the flu by a nurse practitioner.","On the same day, Customs and Border Protection moved him to a different Border Patrol station where they could separate him from the other migrants to stop the spread of the flu. Even Health and Human Services officials were concerned about how ill he was. This is the agency that's responsible for long-term care of unaccompanied children. And HHS decided that Hernandez Vasquez could not be flown to a shelter in Florida because of his illness. So in retrospect, critics say it's hard to see why they did not take him to the hospital."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The death of Carlos Hernandez Vasquez could have been prevented if he had been taken to the hospital","questions":"Which migrant child was diagnosed with the flu by a nurse practitioner?","answer":"Carlos"}
{"text":["We're talking with Henry Petroski, author of \"To Forgive Design: Understanding Failure. \"And I got a minute before the break. Henry, tell us why after two decades of book writing, you made - you wrote a sequel \"To Engineer is Human. \"This is \"To Forgive Design. \"","Well, the first book I concentrated on mechanical reasons why things fail. In this book, I wanted to concentrate on larger questions of systems. Everything is embedded in a system, and that system includes these people who - some of whom are not the best of actors. So I wanted to tell that story. A knee-jerk reaction is when a plane has an accident or something happens, oh, it was a bad design. That's not always true. In fact, in more cases than not, it turns out not to be true. It turns out that the operators or the inspectors or some person involved wasn't. . .","All right.",". . . holding up his end of the deal.","We'll talk about more stuff from his book \"To Forgive Design: Understanding Failure\" with Henry Petroski. Our number, 1-800-989-8255. You can tweet us, @scifri. Stay with us. We'll be right back. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A \"knee-jerk reaction\" in this phrase doesn't refer to the legs. The implied meaning is an automatic response to something, done without much thought. Akin to how when your knee is struck your leg flexes - no thought, pure reflex.","questions":"Which phrase used by PersonA describes an automatic response to something, done without much thought?","answer":"Automatic"}
{"text":["It may be, except that the month of May had largely passed before the latest round of trade threats began. So these numbers appear to have more to do with where the overall economy stands after roughly a decade of expansion. We're well into the late stage of the cycle. And some degree of slowdown may be expected. Still, the weak jobs numbers highlighted the dangers of more trade war at this moment.","Impeachment continues a kind of slow roll. Now, you've made the distinction between an impeachment inquiry and actual impeachment proceedings. I wonder if this distinction is lost on many of the American people as they respond to public opinion polls. I mean, Senator Pelosi - or Speaker Pelosi said this week she thinks a lot of people think that impeachment means removing the president from office. Of course, it doesn't.","It doesn't unless the Senate goes along, and you're right. It's a tough issue to poll in part because of that misimpression. And as we have said before, the percentage that favor impeachment as they understand it is well under half. And in fact, it's lower than it was back in September. And the number of House members who favor impeachment has grown. It's up around 60, but that's still only about a quarter of the total Democratic caucus. So this is less a broad mandate from the people than it is a rallying cry for the activist core.","NPR, the PBS NewsHour and Marist organization polled the views of Americans on abortion, and there are both lots of nuance but also some clear generalities, aren't there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The weak jobs numbers highlight the dangers of more trade war.","questions":"How do the weak jobs numbers relate to trade war?","answer":"Highlight"}
{"text":["And first we need to give a tip of the hat to Sports Illustrated and a story by Richard Deitsch, which caught our eye. And it detailed the lengths that women sportscasters, like yourself, are going to try to protect their security on the road. One woman said she actually travels with Band-Aids to put over hotel door peepholes. Do you do the same thing?","No, and to be honest, I read that and went, oh, I had never thought about that and went wow, that's a pretty good idea. But before Erin, I had never thought about a peephole, period. And I'm guessing most women who travel, period, would say the same thing.","What are some of the protective measures that you do take when you're traveling to games?","It can be as simple as when I walk into an elevator, I never open the envelope that holds the card so anybody can look into it and see what room number I am. I'm very aware of making sure that I feel as protected as I can. One time I was in the elevator, someone walked in real close before it was shutting and kind of jumped in with me and didn't press a button and said, hello, Laura Okmin. And it could be as simple as just somebody who happened to recognize me and was going to the same floor, but I think my antenna was raised enough to just stand there. And then when I walked out, he walked out. I walked back in, and I went downstairs to the lobby and I switched my room."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implies that the global migrant crisis is much bigger than most people think, and that many people are risking their lives in order to have a better life.  ChatGPT The global migrant crisis refers to the large number of people who are forced to flee their homes due to war, persecution, poverty, or environmental disaster","questions":"How does Laura make sure that she feels protected while traveling?","answer":"Protective"}
{"text":["Yeah. It's hard to understand today just how much the catcher, especially in the 1870s, dominated the baseball game. A single baseball game was - really revolved around the catcher's ability to harness what the pitcher was pitching, and everything revolves around that. The pitcher couldn't use his best pitches if he had - he didn't have confident - confidence in the catcher.","So he really was a sort of iconic folk hero, dominated the game in a way that I think no player ever has before or since and - at a point to where people resented it and would say, you know, this is a game played by two players while the other seven just kind of watch.","The pitcher and the catcher and everybody else watches. The catcher's - well, we are familiar with the crouched position right behind home plate. That was not what they did in the 1870s.","No. They stood, sometimes a little stooped but mostly straight up, and they would just catch the ball and be ready to throw it to bases immediately. And the way that they would throw it sort of made them look like gunslingers. And so that really fed into the whole icon of them, the whole idea of them as American folk heroes."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The catcher played a crucial role in baseball games in the 1870s.","questions":"What position did the catcher play in the 1870s baseball games?","answer":"Behind"}
{"text":["It's out of sight. It's really high. We have actual concentrations and standards that are somewhere like four, five times lower than that. So, these are all very, very high numbers, even when they're low on the Chinese scale.","It sounds as though you could project things ahead for the beginning of the Olympics. What would you expect?","Well, it's pretty good right now. But I've just been looking at the extended forecast for winds, and the middle of next week, things are going to change quite radically, around the 3rd or the 4th. The big high-pressure system from out over the Pacific is going to kick in, and that's going to produce strong winds coming over the polluted areas to the south of Beijing, and it's going to pick up a lot of pollution. And according to these forecasts, it's going to be a pretty dirty end of next week. And unfortunately, that coincides with the Opening Ceremonies a week from today.","Ken, these are official Chinese numbers that you're working with, and you are sitting there in Rhode Island looking at these. Are the numbers trustworthy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"It sounds as though you could project things ahead for the beginning of the Olympics.\" - This does not literally mean that the speaker can hear a sound that suggests the ability to predict things for the Olympics. It implies that the speaker believes the person they are talking to has the ability to make predictions about the beginning of the Olympics.","questions":"How does turn 1 imply the PersonA's belief about the person they are talking to? (Answer: belief)","answer":"Belief"}
{"text":["My goodness.","Yeah, and he's going to try to sort of and see if it can sort of go on where he picks up from the news to sort of, you know, sort of portray different events that are going on with them. So, it's - I'm looking forward to that, because I like RuPaul, so I think it's going to be really interesting.","It will be interesting. All right, what about the Screen Actors Guild strike?What does that mean for people who watch movies or people who make them?","I think, you know, it's going to be a problem. For us, I think, you know, again, TV is going to become even more important, and I think TV was going to become important anyway because of the recession. I think a lot of people - because they know it's really expensive to go out and see movies. So, I think it's sort of a bad time in a way just because of that. But I think, yes, reality TV is going to sort of become even bigger than it already is. And you look at the shows, and it's, like, you know, endless, the kind of shows reality TV-wise that are coming. And I think they sort of - you know, they have everything in place for that to sort of work out."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to look forward to something means they are excited for an event.","questions":"How does PersonA feel about the upcoming RuPaul-related event?","answer":"Excited"}
{"text":["That leaves a very unnerving feeling because, if they're on the loose, and they're on a suicide mission, and they're not - you know, they could strike at any point of time. So, it does definitely leave an unnerving feeling. As long as you're home, you're secure. But one doesn't know what to expect tomorrow.","Mr. Doctor, I understand that you are a Muslim. Is that correct?","That is correct, yeah.","So far, there has not been official confirmation of who's responsible for these attacks, but they have been attributed, at least in part, to Islamic militants. How do you think the situation there might affect Hindu-Muslim relations in Mumbai?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to strike implies to hit or blow and not to cross out or delete ","questions":"How does the turn in the statement relate to the dialogue?","answer":"Relate"}
{"text":["Presidential candidates sure ate a lot this week - matzah, blintzes, pizza slices. The presidential campaigns have moved to New York for the next primary. After Bernie Sanders won the Democratic primary in Wisconsin this week, Ted Cruz won the Republican side. Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump hope to rebound in more familiar territory. NPR's Ron Elving joins us. Ron, thanks so much for being with us.","Good to be with you, Scott.","Let's begin with the Democrats. They were playing so nicely together. And then this week it seemed like they were calling each other unqualified. Both candidates say they're getting sick and tired. What happened?","I have no doubt that they are sick and tired of each other. But let's be clear, Hillary Clinton never actually said that Sanders was unqualified, despite multiple efforts on the part of many hosts to get her to do that. She kept saying that she thought she was more qualified and so on. And she never would actually say that he was qualified. And this, of course, all followed on a rather rocky interview that Bernie Sanders had with New York Daily News that went viral."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : ) Let's begin with the Democrats.They were playing so nicely together.And then this week it seemed like they were calling each other unqualified.Both candidates say they're getting sick and tired.What happened?","questions":"What was the main issue between the Democratic candidates that caused them to call each other unqualified?","answer":"Unqualified"}
{"text":["I think it is a serious threat. I don't see strong evidence that it has increased as of late. Iran has the ability to act via proxy organizations towards United States troops, diplomats, other assets that might be in the region. It also has the mechanisms to act against our partners and against our allies either directly or through the proxy organizations that it has a relationship with.","And paint me a little bit of a picture of what that map looks like when you describe Iran's proxy organizations in the Middle East.","So Iran's strongest relationship is with Lebanese Hezbollah. That allows them to have a measure of influence both to act in Lebanon, to act towards Israel from Lebanon but increasingly to act in other countries where Iran has essentially deployed Lebanese Hezbollah troops to, including Syria.","It has also been improving its relationship with Houthi rebels in Yemen, though its ability to direct or control the Houthis is still very limited. And it has long-established relationships with Iraqi militias.","Does Iran have control over its proxies?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Iran's proxy organizations pose a serious threat to the US and its allies","questions":"How does Iran's strongest relationship help them to have influence in other countries?","answer":"Influence"}
{"text":["And you can do that just out of a gut feeling, or experience or cracking the file?Or how does that work?","Well, it uses statistics. You know, it's kind of a little bit like the whole money ball argument that we hear about baseball. But it goes through the file, and it looks, and it kind of sees that - you could say the noise in the image is not right, and often it's a little too random. It's almost a little bit too perfect, you might say.","And then the statistics comes out, and it says oh, well, you know, it gives you a number, and the number is over a threshold, and you say oh, that's an alarm bell, and I'll look at it.","It must be an interesting history to this whole steganography idea."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Money ball\" is a term used to describe a strategy of using analytics to optimize performance in sports, suggesting that the speaker is using a similar strategy to identify suspicious files.","questions":"What term is used to describe a strategy of using analytics to optimize performance in sports?","answer":"Money-ball"}
{"text":["That's a wonderful section that helps us understand how their worlds were shaken up. They were safe, but on the other hand. . .","Well, on the other hand, they were sent all over the country to households who often weren't expecting them and the children themselves didn't know where they were going. They didn't know which town they were going to, who they would be staying with, whether they would be staying with friends or even their siblings. It was extraordinary.","And there were a lot of schemers. There were families who would take them in just because it increased their food coupons.","There were, indeed. And in fact, quite a lot of the research for my book - well, it certainly started with a newspaper called The St.  Albans Advertiser - and I kept on stumbling across scams. I've got one here, actually. This is directly from the newspaper. She has shown considerable ingenuity by her forgeries. Giving a false address and using the names of children that do not exist made the matter very difficult to detect. This was somebody called Doris Evelyn Hart (ph) who was claiming a billeting allowance for six children who weren't staying with her. And this was very common because you got, actually, a decent weekly wage for taking in an evacuated child."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B: \"There were a lot of schemers\" - The literal meaning of \"schemer\" is someone who makes secret plans to do something harmful or illegal. In this context, it refers to families who took in evacuated children for financial gain, which is not necessarily illegal but is morally questionable.","questions":"How did some families benefit from taking in evacuated children during the war?","answer":"Food"}
{"text":["OK.","It's caviar pie. And it's the simplest thing to make, but it's - really has a punch. It's got six eggs, and you have to hard boil them. And then you chop them a little bit. You mix them with three tablespoons of mayonnaise. You spread that on the bottom of an oiled 8-inch spring pan. I can't find mine, so I just use a plain old pie plate.","So you've got this layer of eggs with mayonnaise, and you sprinkle that layer with a cup of red onion which is minced fine. Now, I'm not much of a chef, and whenever I see the word mince in a recipe, I turn the page. But in this case, the work is really worth it because it's quite delicious so mince away.","You just chop, chop, chop, chop, chop, chop. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: This turn suggests that even seemingly simple interactions can have complex underlying dynamics and potential for misunderstanding.","questions":"How does turn 1 suggest the potential for misunderstanding?","answer":"misunderstanding"}
{"text":["We have frozen nonessential travel. We've frozen nonessential hiring. And we've also given all of our staff - 2,500 of them across the state - a 60-day notice of a furlough - that is unpaid leave time - to be taken sometime during the fiscal year.","You have asked state legislators to intervene. Have they, and are you optimistic it might make a difference?","It's going to be a very heavy lift in that overriding the veto requires three quarters of the legislature in combined session. So 45 of Alaska's 60 legislators need to override the veto.","The governor's argument is that these cuts are, A, necessary for the budget and, B, that they would allow the University of Alaska to be - and I'll quote him - \"smaller, leaner but still very, very positive and a productive university. \"If I'm hearing you right, you are not in agreement."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The travel has not been frozen in the sense of encased in ice - it has just been suspended, metaphorically. ","questions":"Which word describes the type of leave that the staff has been given in turn 0?","answer":"Furlough"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . So the interest rates, your ability to borrow. And the chancellor has put a lot of emphasis on providing credit to new home buyers. House prices are up quite steeply in some parts of the U. K. , which gives everyone a short-term feeling of prosperity, and maybe it encourages them to spend. Where that leads to five years down the road is another question.","What do you think politicians are going to make of this?And I mean in the U. S.  as much as the U. K.","Well, it's interesting. A couple of years ago, the U. K.  debate about austerity was quite relevant to the United States. Now I think it seems very distant. We've somewhat put our budget woes behind us. Now, I understand that there's no perfect long-term budget deal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implies that the speaker is asking for the other person's opinion about the political implications of the current situation.","questions":"How would you describe the tone of the speaker in turn 2?","answer":"interesting"}
{"text":["OK.","We're in a tent at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival. So if you hear some extraneous sounds that you wouldn't normally hear in Studio 3A, please forgive us. But it gives us the opportunity to do some things that we wouldn't ordinarily do. We want to hear from comedians today. How do you translate your material, which comes from a certain time and place, to a wider or different cultural or even ethnic group?Give us a call: 800-989-8255. Email us: talk@npr. org.","And Trevor Noah, what did you find translated well?Is there a material that you did in Cape Town that you can do in Los Angeles, or Baltimore for that matter?","Not really, no. Because the points of view changes, you know?I think the one - well, I could talk about Oprah. Oprah is worldwide. Yes.","Oprah is worldwide."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : We're in a tent at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival. So if you hear some extraneous sounds that you wouldn't normally hear in Studio 3A, please forgive us. But it gives us the opportunity to do some things that we wouldn't ordinarily do. We want to hear from comedians today. How do you translate your material, which comes from a certain time and place, to a wider or different cultural or even ethnic group? Give us a call: 800-989-8255. Email us: talk@npr.org. (This turn has a literal meaning of explaining the setting and purpose of the radio show)","questions":"What festival are they at?","answer":"Smithsonian"}
{"text":["Thank you very much for having me.","Can you describe the scene for us in Sana'a now?","The situation in Sana'a at the moment is very insecure and unpredictable. It's very scary, obviously, because the airstrikes come at any time. And now with the fuel crisis that's going on, Yemen is a country that is basically based all its - basics let's say from importing - the food, the fuel, the wheat - everything comes importing and talking about the main things that would allow the people to be alive. And now at the borders - the blockade in the borders - this is creating a huge catastrophe that is ahead of us at the moment.","Oxfam had been pushing to end the fighting, at least to get these shipments into the country. Are you worried about future shipments?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B: Oxfam had been pushing to end the fighting, at least to get these shipments into the country. Are you worried about future shipments?","questions":"How has Oxfam been advocating for ending the fighting in Yemen?","answer":"End"}
{"text":["Well, like you were saying, these 737 Max jets - they had an automated system, and it was designed to keep the planes safe, to keep them in the air and avoid stalls, but it malfunctioned. And as many people know, that sent the planes into a nosedive, and two of them crashed, and 346 people were killed. There's, of course, been a lot of scrutiny, ongoing investigations, concerns that the Federal Aviation Administration maybe handed off too much responsibility to Boeing itself without doing proper government oversight.","This report doesn't deal with all of that, and the crash specifically. What this is is interesting. It's a small group of Boeing board members who've themselves been digging into this and looking for ways to improve safety at the company. And they're about to come out with recommendations about how this company could reshape itself in the wake of these devastating crashes.","What can you tell us about what these recommendations - what this report will say?","Well, there's a lot of stuff, but one big thing would be that - to change who the engineers who work on these airplanes actually work on them. Currently, they - many of them report to the business leader for each airplane model that this engineer or that engineer might happen to be working on."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : NONE","questions":"How did the engineers work on airplanes before the recommended changes?","answer":"Report"}
{"text":["Captain, thanks for coming on the program.","You're welcome. Thank you for having me.","So as I understand, you began your transition in 2016. And I know a lot of this policy and whether it applies depends on where someone is in that process. Does this policy apply to you?","Well, so any policy that the DOD implements is going to apply to me as a member of the DOD. I think, specifically, I'll be part of the so-called grandfather clause here and be, quote-unquote, \"OK\" as we move forward. And so maybe not in the specific sense, but I think it applies in general that any time you put a policy in place that affects a specific group of people, i. e. transgender people in this case, it's going to affect me, whether directly or because of the implications and the intention behind it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a particular tone or emphasis suggests that they may be implying something indirectly, without stating it explicitly.","questions":"How did the speaker imply something indirectly?","answer":"Indirectly"}
{"text":["So the arch was selected by the director general of Antiquities and Museums himself as the first object for recreation. And we are in the process now of recreating it, for all appearances, be identical to the arch in terms of its physical appearance at the time of its destruction.","And will it be in the same place or just adjacent to the ruins?","So the plan now is for the arch to be displayed in three cities - in London and in New York and in Dubai. Then we've been invited by Syria to place the arch near the site in Palmyra where the original one stood. Now, needless to say, we'll need to ensure that we have all necessary permissions from our government and from the Syrian government before that happens. But that is the plan at the moment.","As I don't have to tell you, Mr.  Michel, digital reconstruction is getting so good it's created a controversy. And we've done stories in Bosnia and in Afghanistan where there are people who are concerned that these reconstructions, in their own way, try to expunge history."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : So the arch was selected by the director general of Antiquities and Museums himself as the first object for recreation. And we are in the process now of recreating it, for all appearances, be identical to the arch in terms of its physical appearance at the time of its destruction.  Implicated meaning: The speaker is referring to recreating the arch to the best of their ability to match its original physical appearance before it was destroyed. The implied meaning is that they are aiming for an accurate representation, rather than creating an exact replica.","questions":"Which object is being recreated to match its physical appearance at the time of its destruction?","answer":"Arch"}
{"text":["So before - so just in case that happens, you were there for the eclipse. How was it?","The eclipse - you know, people say, how was the eclipse?It was fantastic. How did it compare to others?I have no idea. It was the first one I ever saw. But the scientists seemed pleased that were watching it with me both as a scientific event and as a spiritual event. So it was a really good example of a total solar eclipse.","That is NPR's science correspondent Joe Palca reporting from Chile.","Joe, come back."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : case implies a situation and not a pack or suitcase ","questions":"What kind of event was the eclipse for A?","answer":"Total"}
{"text":["Yes. Not a lot of people, but if you go into the databases where all these academic reports are kept and where they reference each other, you find that a lot of these reports, other people did cite him. And sometimes I've gone in and looked at those later reports by other people that mention Trinkaus' reports. And it seems to me that many times they didn't really read his report. They just - they saw he did a report that's about something related to what they're doing and they mentioned him. There are a surprising number of studies in academia that are like that, that mentioned earlier reports by other people and it's not clear whether they actually read those reports.","In hearing about him, I feel like there are shades of the 19th century naturalists who just went around tallying the things they saw around - around them. Do you think he was inspired by that at all or thinks of himself that way?","I don't know whether he was inspired by them, but that has always struck me as being the type of person he is. He looks around. He gets annoyed at what somebody's doing or lots of people, and it makes him curious. He doesn't just sit there and fume and have steam come out his ears or nose or whatever. He sits there and he counts and he documents it, and then he publishes that someplace where other people can read about it.","But he doesn't, at the same time, make any arguments about it. He just sticks to the facts, huh?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Many academic reports are cited without actually being read.","questions":"Which reports are cited without being read?","answer":"Earlier"}
{"text":["In Larry Nassar's statement to the court last year just before he was sentenced, he said he'd been impacted to his inner-most core by the testimony of his victims, including yourself. But he did not apologize. He was, though, sentenced to life in prison. Did you feel resolution walking away from that day?","You know, I did in the sense that Larry will never be able to hurt another child. And I take great comfort in that. That being said, Larry was a symptom of the problem. And that's something, again, that I really wanted to dig into in the book. Larry didn't just magically appear as one of the most prolific predators in campus history, in sports history and in history in general. He didn't magically appear that way. He was enabled and sheltered by powerful organizations, by law enforcement agencies that mishandled or refused to investigate reports of sexual misconduct. And so while we were able to stop Larry, what really remains to be done and the work that has just begun is dealing with the institutions and the dynamics that left him in power.","Rachael Denhollander is an activist and former gymnast. Her book \"What Is A Girl Worth?\"and her children's book \"How Much Is A Little Girl Worth?\"are out now. Rachael, thank you so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Impacted to the \"inner-most core\" is not literally. It's not the core of his body, it just means that it affected him greatly.","questions":"What was the name of Rachael Denhollander's children's book?","answer":"How"}
{"text":["Oh, we anticipate that to be the case. We've demonstrated this with antibodies, monoclonal antibodies. I mentioned enzymes already. And so we anticipate quite a range of potential utility for therapeutics.","So you think this a game-changer for storing drugs?","Well, we are very optimistic, yes. I think it could certainly have a major impact.","I want to thank you very much for taking time to be with us today, and good luck to you. It's very fascinating."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The antibodies and enzymes have potential for therapeutic use.","questions":"Which elements have potential for therapeutic use?","answer":"Antibodies,Enzymes"}
{"text":["Yeah.","It's a little more controversial in the Senate race because it looks like bad ballot design might've cost Bill Nelson mightily because Broward County. . .","Yeah.",". . . Is a very Democratic county. And they had a tremendous number of undervotes - that is, no one voting in the Senate race - because it appears that a good number of people, perhaps as many as 20,000, might have missed the Senate race because it was in the lower left-hand corner right under the instructions. And if you look at the Senate race compared to all the other races, it got fewer votes in Broward County, even compared to. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Senate race was controversial due to bad ballot design.","questions":"Which race was affected by bad ballot design?","answer":"Senate"}
{"text":["So, over a matter of time you're looking for larger trends. How has the average of all the polls moved over time. And say, Alex.","Yeah?","Did you hear the one about the three pollsters who went duck hunting?","No, I didn't.","So, the three pollsters go duck hunting, and the first one fires and misses the flock of ducks high. And the next one fires and misses the flock of ducks low. And the third pollster shouts, We got them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is telling a joke instead of discussing the topic","questions":"What is PersonA doing instead of discussing the topic?","answer":"Joke"}
{"text":["Well, things are more quiet than usual. There's many, many fewer people and cars out on the street during the day because of the day of mourning. People are just (unintelligible). And it's also the weather is really bad. There is like a storm and cold and rain, so people are staying home, and then some people go out to celebrate New Year's Eve tonight. A lot of people won't because of the situation.","But it's a situation that is reflected all over the Arab world and many other parts of the world where people are really angry about what's going on. They think Israel is using excessive force. But they feel frustrated because they can't do anything about it, and their governments aren't - seemingly aren't doing anything about it either.","Leaders are calling for an end to the violence, but there hasn't been much talk in terms of specifics. What can be done to accomplish that goal of ending these attacks?","Well, if they wanted to do something, they could a lot - diplomatically, politically, economically - but they are really more talk than action. This is the problem. The Arab leaders I think genuinely share their people's anger with what's going on in the Israeli attack. Many Arab leaders are also angry at Hamas. They don't like Hamas very much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : 'Leaders are calling for an end to the violence, but there hasn't been much talk in terms of specifics.' implies that leaders are not taking specific actions to end the violence.","questions":"What is the situation that is reflected all over the Arab world and many other parts of the world where people are really angry about what's going on?","answer":"Israeliattack"}
{"text":["I think it's also worth noting that the money here is astronomically higher than what an insurance commissioner normally raises. It was donated three years in advance to when Causey would have been running for re-election. He hadn't even announced his re-election bid here. And the maximum that donors can give in this state is $5,400 per person.","Any response from Hayes or the other defendants?","I've left Chairman Hayes a voicemail. I have not heard from him. He has not said anything publicly. We have not heard from any of the other ones, any other folks who have been indicted at this time.","And to pull back for a moment, what about the state Republican Party?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : To pull back for a moment means to take a step back and consider the bigger picture.","questions":"Which phrase means to consider the bigger picture?","answer":"Consider"}
{"text":["And, of course, this comes just a few hours after the president announced a new acting chief of staff. And I emphasize the word acting because that's unusual.","Yeah. So Mick Mulvaney is the head of the Office of Management and Budget. Until recently, he was also the acting head of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau but - which he wanted to destroy. But then a permanent head of that agency was confirmed. And so then he only had one job. Now he has two once again. He will be the acting chief of staff. According to the White House, he will do - he will only focus on chief of staff work. He will not do budget work. His deputy there will do that. But he will continue to be in that job - or both jobs. And presumably, the president will be looking for a more long-term chief of staff, though long term is all relative, especially in this administration.","NPR White House correspondent Tamara Keith, thanks so much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : All ideas are different between all human beings.","questions":"What is emphasized by PersonB in their statement?","answer":"unusual"}
{"text":["It's great to be with you, Ira. Thank you.","I'm just looking at the abstract of your study, and some of these numbers are amazing. Seventy-two percent, 72 of all Americans think that global warming should be a very high or medium or a priority for the president and the Congress. That crosses all party lines.","It does. It includes 84 percent of Democrats, 68 percent of independents and 52 percent of Republicans. So yes, there is this difference between Democrats and Republicans. But nonetheless, a majority of Republicans do think that global warming should be a priority for our elected officials.","So why are we all under the impression that there is not this majority?","Ah. Great question. So one of the things that became very clear to us early in our research was that Americans don't speak with a single voice on this issue. And in fact, what we've identified is what we call a global warming's six Americas, that essentially you can look at the country and find that there are six very different communities within the United States, that each respond to this issue in very different ways. One group we call the alarmed. That's only about 12 percent of the public."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : So why are we all under the impression that there is not this majority? (Literal meaning: asking for an explanation for the discrepancy between the actual support for global warming priority and the perception that such support is lacking)","questions":"How many different communities did the researchers identify within the United States?","answer":"Six"}
{"text":["And so the - now we know as a result, I think, of Mueller's diligence and quiet pursuit of just the facts that there were more than 80 contacts between members of the Trump campaign and Russian agents. There were - there have been - developed more than 20 meetings between people in his orbit and Russian agents. His national security advisers pled guilty. His campaign chairman's on trial. His deputy campaign chairman's on trial. And yet he continues to call this a witch hunt. And, you know, I can't help but thinking that the hunters have caught some witches here.","And for you being a target of this investigation, what else are you waiting to find out from the investigation?","Well, I'd like to see the - you know, obviously, this is going to be a difficult case to bring to trial in the United States. These are 12 foreign agents, military intelligence agents who undertook this operation as laid out in great detail in the indictment. I'd like to see it brought to justice. I can't wait for President Trump to ask President Putin on Monday whether he'd agree to extradite them to face the bar of justice. And I'd like to be in the court if they were here. I'm not holding my breath either for the fact that Trump will do that or that Putin would agree. But, ultimately, you know, I don't think those agents would probably be vacationing in Western Europe, so. . .","John Podesta, thank you very much for joining us. He - John Podesta's the former chairman of Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign. Thanks much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"And yet he continues to call this a witch hunt. And, you know, I can't help but thinking that the hunters have caught some witches here.\" (The literal meaning of \"witch hunt\" refers to a search for people who are accused of witchcraft, but here it is being used figuratively to refer to the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 US presidential election.)","questions":"What is the investigation into Russian interference being compared to in turn 0?","answer":"Barofjustice."}
{"text":["You know, you're helping a lot of people, Mr.  Mayor.","Well, I hope I am. I don't see it, and that's what scares me most of all. We care about everybody. We have to reach out for all of them and try to be successful for them to help them be that support deal for them. It's not a positive day every day, but you have to make it into one.","The mayor of Fulton, Texas, Jimmy Kendrick - thanks so much for being with us, Mr.  Mayor. Good luck to you.","Well, I appreciate it. And just keep us in your prayers. It's always nice to have a prayer given for us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The mayor is implicitly expressing his fear that he may not be helping as many people as he hopes he is, even though he is trying his best to reach out to them and provide them with the support they need. ","questions":"What is the mayor's main concern?","answer":"Concern"}
{"text":["The hallways may be quiet on both ends of Pennsylvania Avenue, but still plenty of noise coming from your Congress and the president. Here to help us cut through the chatter, NPR senior Washington editor and correspondent Ron Elving. Ron, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning, Scott.","Why is a member of Congress from Michigan front-page news in Israel?","It's front-page news there because our president wants it on the front page back here in the U. S. But let's step back just for a moment. Congress has two new members who are Muslim women and who are outspoken in their support of Palestinians. The president has made them a major target of his Twitter feed. And one of them is Rashida Tlaib from Michigan. She was born in the U. S.  but still has family on the West Bank. She and her colleague Ilhan Omar from Minnesota were going to go to Israel until earlier this week when Israel decided to ban them because of their support for a boycott on Israel.","Now, that decision came right after a tweet from President Trump saying Israel looked weak if it let these two women into their country. And then a day later, the Israelis relented, saying they would let Congresswoman Tlaib visit her grandmother so long as she didn't talk boycotts. And then the congresswoman said she wouldn't go to Israel if she was going to be muzzled. And, of course, the whole business has left a bad taste in many mouths, including those of supporters of Israel in the U. S.  and supporters of the U. S.  in Israel."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Congress and the president are not working at the moment. ","questions":"How are the hallways on Pennsylvania Avenue?","answer":"Quiet"}
{"text":["It's so weird because we're in the day in time where you had you wonder, this time you wonder, OK did they did not offer her enough money, because everybody does it. You they're going to figure now for Angelina Jolie and her twins and like, you know, 15 million dollars per picture. So, you're just wonder, you know like why hasn't Halle done it, have they offered her?And I saw her, I guess it was African-Americans, I'm not sure that they get the kind of money or the offers that white celebrities do. And I don't know if that has played a factor in it or is she just a celebrity that decided, you know, I'm not going to put my child out.","This is my kid. I'm not going to sell her to the highest bidder. I'm hoping is that one, but I think that, you know, that is how you get publicity now. You know, not that she needs it, but it does sort of fuel the fire for people being interested in you and you being, you know, sort of the talk of the town so people actually want to go see your next film. So, I don't know it's sort of weird that we haven't seen the baby and I look at it, you know, Tori Spelling. I mean, at this point they had the baby one day and then they cover the next day.","Oh my gosh.","It's amazing the way it works."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A suspects that Halle Berry hasn't been offered enough money for selling her baby's pictures","questions":"What does PersonA think might have played a factor in Halle Berry not selling her baby's pictures?","answer":"Bidding."}
{"text":["There - while we cannot see the fire any longer from where we are, and it's very, very smoky. There's a ton of ash. There has been a ton of ash. Everyone's lungs are, you know, feeling constricted. The dogs are coughing because it's so thick in the air. So the scene itself is still dismal, for sure.","But people are helping each other.","People are coming together. You know, when there's an emergency like this, if the fire happens too fast and you can't get out in time, you have to set the horses free.","Well, you got to put halters on, you got to label them. Those can burn off in a fire, so we actually handwrote with a Sharpie pen on all of our horses hooves the phone number. If there is some marking on the horse on - with ink, then we can identify, at least, who to call to find out where the horse will eventually need to be, or to let that person know that we have that horse."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies that despite the devastation caused by the fire, people are showing kindness and support to one another.","questions":"Which scene is still dismal?","answer":"scene"}
{"text":["Absolutely. They used to end up there in the French Riviera and big mansions in Europe. Now they tend to also end up in Europe but not in big mansions but in the criminal court - in The Hague.","And has that had the effect of making it more difficult sometimes to get rid of certain people?","Absolutely. They are - they don't trust now any promises that they will not be prosecuted or taken in front of a judge. And also, you know, the standards of human rights internationally have changed. And there is a very active community - globally - that chases after dictators and people that have violated human rights and have committed the crimes against humanity, which is the case for many of them.","Now, isn't the logic of that - the humanitarian logic of that - that knowing they might have to face criminal charges will discourage dictators from striking out at their own people?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It is being implied that the criminals are having a difficult time.","questions":"What is the effect on promises made to the criminals?","answer":"Less"}
{"text":["At some point, it does cross your mind and you do worry about contracting the illness, but there are only fleeting moments. We have to concentrate on the patients here to provide them with appropriate medical care, but also to make sure our outreach program of finding cases, of following up of contacts is performed in a comprehensive manner so that we can bring this outbreak to a close.","I don't want to the leave the conversation with you without asking what can the world do as far as you're concerned?","We need an organization that can provide some leadership across multiple countries in the region of West Africa. To date, we have not seen that occurring. And if we don't find the cases in the community, and we don't do the contact tracing, this outbreak will linger on for months and months. Solving outbreaks is not rocket science. It just requires those features I have described previously. But unfortunately, they're not being applied in an appropriate manner at the moment to reach the world.","Dr.  Gabriel Fitzpatrick of Doctors Without Borders - Medecins Sans Frontieres. Thanks very much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The literal meaning of this turn is a simple question, but the implied meaning is that the speaker wants to know what actions can be taken to address the issue being discussed and is seeking guidance or suggestions.","questions":"Which organization does PersonA suggest is needed to provide leadership across multiple countries in the region of West Africa?","answer":"Doctors"}
{"text":["Sure. Well, before she becomes a pirate, she tries shoplifting. And when Gwen is shoplifting, she imagines herself as named Octavia. She imagines herself to much more glamorous persons, so there's a little bit in this book that's here.","(Reading) She remembered what it was called - shoplifting - and pictured lifting the whole place, the aisles tilting and tumbling their baubles and trinkety treasures into her pockets. Pink razors for her burnt leg and then a keychain she thought Naomi would like. And when she realized she could steal for other people, it was an avalanche, a chew bone for Toby the II, more stuff for Naomi, a stuffed bear and a tiny license plate that said Naomi. Three flasks of perfume, curvy and shapey like internal organs in her pockets, and she was done with Mother's Day for ages.","Her father liked the electronic things, which were behind locked cabinets. But she grabbed a slick stereo magazine and managed to slip into one of her boots. It would be a way to warm him for taking the bus by herself. By now she was thirsty and rounded a corner to open a fridge and grab an iced tea in a bottle that felt so good in her hands. It was One Universe Green Tea, which the label said was good for the immune system and for Octavia's skin. No one had stopped her. No one had spoken to her. It was smooth sailing. All for one and one for all.","So is there a straight line from that to piracy or just adolescence?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"straight line from that to piracy\" - actual meaning: the author uses figurative language to question whether her shoplifting is a direct cause of her becoming a pirate, not that there is a literal straight line linking the two.","questions":"Which line in the dialogue uses figurative language to question the connection between shoplifting and piracy?","answer":"straight"}
{"text":["I have been late. Now I'm right on time. And I make mistakes, but at least they're mine. I'd sign my life away on a dotted line Just to get the love I deserve. . .","That's News & Notes. Glad you could join us. Nicole Childers, Christabel Nsiah-Buadi and Geoffrey Bennett produced the show. Sasa Woodruff is the editor. Sonata Lee Narcisse directs. The technical director is Sherene Strausberg. Marcia Caldwell and Shawn Corey Campbell are our drive engineers. The News & Notes staff includes Roy Hurst, Geoffrey Gardner, Devin Robins, Zachary Slobig, Joanne Griffith, Drew Tewkesbury, Allison Samuels and Jim Wallace. To listen to the show or subscribe to the podcast, visit our Web site, nprnewsandnotes. org. To join the conversation or sign up for the newsletter, visit our blog at nprnewsandviews. org. News & Notes was created by NPR News and the African-American Public Radio Consortium. On Monday, short on cash these days?Well, what if your neighborhood got together and started printing its own money?It's already happening. We'll look at the spread of customized community currency.","(Singing) Growing up too fast. I have the best friends you could ever have, But I don't know what I got 'til it's gone. . .","Because I lose every single game I play 'Cause I'm a slave to my distractions. I climb a mountain for every mess I make, But can't get no satisfaction."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is expressing a desire for love and acceptance, despite making mistakes.","questions":"Which aspect of PersonA's personality is revealed in turn 3?","answer":"Personality"}
{"text":["What - the more typical word that I hear from younger evangelicals is a sense of not knowing what to do. Many of them can't in good conscience vote for either Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton. And I think that it's going to take several months before we even know what the answer to that is going to be.","Can you explain what part of Donald Trump's message is working with religious voters so that they would overlook maybe even some of their basic Christian beliefs to support him?","Well, I think it is the fact that many religious conservatives believe that the Republican Party has not only taken them for granted but made fun of them behind closed doors. And so I've heard from those who are supporting Trump their vote for Trump is really a vote to kind of shut the entire system down and start all over again. I think that's a very common sentiment.","Russell Moore of the Southern Baptist Convention, thanks so much for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn that has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning is (2) when B asks, \"Can you explain what part of Donald Trump's message is working with religious voters so that they would overlook maybe even some of their basic Christian beliefs to support him?\" The literal meaning of the question is straightforward, ","questions":"How did many religious conservatives feel about the Republican Party's treatment towards them, leading them to support Trump?","answer":"Underestimated"}
{"text":["I would just think about grilling as like any other type of cooking technique. It's really about time and temperature. So if you know how to cook at your stove, you understand high heat, medium heat, low heat, you can replicate that on a grill. It just has to do with how big a pile of charcoal you have and where it is in its lifecycle. So it's very hot at the beginning, and then it cools off a little bit. And then I would say simplify your seasonings. I have a whole section in my book that's all about salt, pepper, olive oil and lemon juice as being really essential and really fantastic.","OK.  Carla, you know I'm putting you on the spot here now - OK.  charcoal or gas?","Oh, this is a great question. I think that they're both great. I have charcoal. I love cooking over live fire. But if what you have is a gas grill and it gets you outside, enjoying cooking outside and making something that you love, then lean into your gas grill. It's all good.","That's Carla Lalli Music, food director at Bon Appetit magazine. She's the author of \"Where Cooking Begins: Uncomplicated Recipes To Make You A Great Cook. \"Carla, thanks so much for joining us. Happy Fourth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Leaning into your gas grill meaning simply use the grill.","questions":"What does Carla recommend if you have a gas grill?","answer":"Grill"}
{"text":["Lawrence Bartley was 17 when he was convicted of second-degree murder. He spent the next 27 years in New York state prison until he was granted parole last year. Now he's on the staff of the news organization The Marshall Project. He has created a criminal-justice-focused print publication to distribute in prisons around the country. It's called News Inside. Lawrence Bartley, welcome to ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","Thank you for having me.","Before we dive into the publication, I want to ask about your own story. A year ago, you were in Sing Sing. Now you are in New York City working for a national media organization. What's that been like for you?","It's absolutely mind-blowing, you know?Learning the hustle and bustle of the city and the train system and the technology has been a challenge at first. But I gave my mind towards conquering it, and I was able to do it, you know?And it feels good to be able to find my way around the city in the subway system. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Adjusting to life outside of prison has been a challenge, but he has successfully adapted.","questions":"How has Lawrence adapted to life outside of prison?","answer":"well"}
{"text":["You got a sinus infection but you taking a yeast infection medicine figuring if you lay down, it'll work its way up.","Do you believe in Mars and Venus, the whole idea that men and women are totally different?","I really do. And if I can get women to understand that every man that sleeps with you is not going to love you, then half of us will be all right.","What about the other half?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Again, \"half\" is not literal. It just means many women.","questions":"Which word is not to be taken literally when referring to the number of women in turn 3?","answer":"Half"}
{"text":["Leading the tributes to President George H. W. Bush were several former presidents and the current president. President Trump said of Mr.  Bush, with sound judgment, common sense and unflappable leadership, he guided our nation and the world to a peaceful and victorious conclusion of the Cold War. President Bill Clinton, who defeated Mr.  Bush for the presidency in 1992, gave thanks for his great long life of service, love and friendship. Ron Elving, senior Washington correspondent, joins us. Ron, thanks so much for being with us.","Good to be with you, Scott.","He was the last of a different generation - sometimes called the greatest generation. He served in World War II, congressman, former U. S.  ambassador to China and the United Nations, director of the CIA, vice president and then after that finally president.","You know, when he first sought the Republican nomination in 1980, Scott, his TV ads called him, quote, \"a president we won't have to train,\" unquote. And that was a nod to all that preparation and experience he had had even before he was vice president."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Mr. Bush's generation is unique and admirable for their services in different fields.","questions":"Which generation is being referred to as unique and admirable?","answer":"Greatest"}
{"text":["Well, yeah.","And - select which is the right kind of alcohol to put in there. Free test it.","Well, they - rum and bourbon.","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A suggests using rum and bourbon for the recipe","questions":"What kinds of alcohol does PersonA recommend using for the recipe?","answer":"Rum"}
{"text":["The speaker has suffered through days of public humiliation at the hands of his fractious troops. But sometimes what doesn't kill you makes you stronger. And by surviving all of this, he has probably strengthened what's always been a rather tenuous grip on the speakership. In the end, he did the right thing - we talked about this in the past - and kept government and borrowing authority going forward. And probably he'll have a better weekend this weekend than he had last.","Certainly more free time. I think a lot of people are wondering this weekend: is Senator Ted Cruz a new national figure or a diminished one, after events of this past week?","You could say he's both. Certainly he is new hero of the Tea Party and others who wanted to stop the Affordable Care Act, Obamacare, by any means necessary. At the Value Voters Summit, for example, here about a week ago, he absolutely dominated the presidential preference straw poll on social conservatives. But within the establishment of the Republican Party, in the financial community and among party fundraisers, he has come to be regarded as dangerous.","And a hard word and that raises this question. Against what's been the stereotype, the image for many years, Democrats appeared unified over these past few weeks, and the Republicans who looked like they were - what's the old joke they used to make about Democrats - a circular firing squad?What's happened to the two major parties?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"circular firing squad\" - This is a metaphorical expression that means a group of people who are fighting against each other instead of working together towards a common goal, rather than a literal firing squad.","questions":"How is the phrase \"circular firing squad\" used in the dialogue?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":["A tall building may become synonymous with a place, but it doesn't mean that it's born of that place. You can almost pick it up and put it in any city around the world and it would become synonymous with that city. And it denying thousands of years of vernacular architectural tradition, you know. . .","Yeah, yeah.",". . . to relate to environment and all these other things. So that's where the 95 percent figure, an arbitrary figure, comes from.","The Twin Towers in Abu Dhabi received the tall building innovation award. These buildings carry their own sunscreen, in a sense."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"These buildings carry their own sunscreen, in a sense.\" - This turn means that the buildings have a feature that provides protection from the sun, rather than literally carrying sunscreen.","questions":"What award did the Twin Towers in Abu Dhabi receive?","answer":"Tall"}
{"text":["It's out of sight. It's really high. We have actual concentrations and standards that are somewhere like four, five times lower than that. So, these are all very, very high numbers, even when they're low on the Chinese scale.","It sounds as though you could project things ahead for the beginning of the Olympics. What would you expect?","Well, it's pretty good right now. But I've just been looking at the extended forecast for winds, and the middle of next week, things are going to change quite radically, around the 3rd or the 4th. The big high-pressure system from out over the Pacific is going to kick in, and that's going to produce strong winds coming over the polluted areas to the south of Beijing, and it's going to pick up a lot of pollution. And according to these forecasts, it's going to be a pretty dirty end of next week. And unfortunately, that coincides with the Opening Ceremonies a week from today.","Ken, these are official Chinese numbers that you're working with, and you are sitting there in Rhode Island looking at these. Are the numbers trustworthy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Are the numbers trustworthy?\" - This does not literally mean that the speaker is questioning whether the numbers can be trusted. It implies that the speaker is skeptical about the accuracy of the numbers and is seeking clarification.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the accuracy of the numbers?","answer":"Skeptical"}
{"text":["I mean, anything that - any interest rate right now that's pegged to the federal funds rate, which is a key benchmark rate that many, many credit cards, many, many - some types of mortgages - but also many more types of short-term debts are pegged to, you can benefit a whole lot.","The problem is that if you're already in one of these homes, for example, that's - and you're underwater, meaning that you're house is worth less than the mortgage owner, and you've got poor credit or you don't have enough money or enough equity in the house to be able to refinance, then you're going to run it to a proper and you're not going to benefit.","Whether or not they - that helps the economy overall remains to be seen. I mean, the problem with economics statistics is that many times they lag by a couple of months. And so by the time you find out - by the time a recession is declared, you may have already been in one for about a month or two before you - before the rest of the country actually knows ,you know, some grand proclamation that comes from the Federal Reserve or some economists somewhere that we are in a recession.","We're going to talk a little bit more soon with a realtor in Ohio, your state, about the situation there. But last week, Countrywide Financial was subpoenaed by the attorney general of Florida. It's just one of a number of government agencies investigating the largest mortgage lender."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) To be underwater means to owe more money than the asset is worth.","questions":"Which term describes a homeowner who owes more money than their house is currently worth?","answer":"Underwater"}
{"text":["Well, do you know, patients liked me 'cause I was really jolly and nice and what they didn't realize is they'd probably been much better off with some mumbling introvert who actually knew something. And in fact, I dreaded it. And my only happy day as a doctor was one sunny summer day where we got no admissions at all and I sat on the lawn outside the hospital and read \"The Longest Journey\" by E.  M.  Forster. That was the only happy day, and in the end, I didn't go back. And I thought, well, what could I do?I'm not qualified for anything else. I thought, the only thing I've done is comedy. And I applied for and got a job with BBC Light Entertainment in radio.","I am among those that think that British humor is one of the great forces for civilization in the world.","(Laughter).","But that being noted, it must be rough to - a challenge to take a comic approach to the Blitz, which is, in a sense, the great national heroic story of Britain."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"But that being noted, it must be rough to - a challenge to take a comic approach to the Blitz, which is, in a sense, the great national heroic story of Britain.\" - This turn does not have a literal meaning, as it expresses the speaker's opinion about the challenge of taking a comic approach to a serious historical event.","questions":"What was the subject of the comic approach that the speaker mentions in turn 3?","answer":"Blitz"}
{"text":["Right, well, the idea is that you just want somebody to come back to court. That is the point of bail. And so if somebody is low-risk to themselves, low-risk to society and they want themselves to be done and over with this, you know, incident, then you can just remind somebody to come and that will happen. So it could just be a text reminder - don't forget your court date. This is when it is. This is where you show up. And a lot of times that actually works quite well.","Is this part of a trend against bail in this country?","I think it is perhaps the tip of a trend against bail. Advocates have been arguing that we need bail reform for quite a long time.","Why reform?What has been wrong with the bail system up to this point?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Bail reform is a movement to change the way bail works in the criminal justice system. The goal of bail reform is to reduce the number of people who are held in jail before trial because they cannot afford bail","questions":"Which movement aims to reduce the pre-trial detainment of people who can't afford bail?","answer":"pre-trial"}
{"text":["You've probably seen the signs in pharmacies now - flu shots here. You can buy shampoo, deodorant, nasal spray, M&M's and a flu shot. But if you're of a certain demographic, you might consider waiting a while before you get that shot. Here's some advice from Dr.  Laura Haynes, a professor of immunology at the University of Connecticut.","The best time for most people to get the flu vaccine would be in October. If you're a little bit older and over 65, I would say between Halloween and Thanksgiving.","Why should older people wait a month or more?Dr.  Haynes says. . .","Their immune response isn't as good to the vaccine. So the protection that's induced wanes more quickly. So therefore, you'd want to wait a little bit longer than you would if you were a younger adult. That way, you're protected throughout the majority of the really bad flu season, which happens from, say, January to April."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - Waiting a month or more is recommended for people over 65, not waiting until Halloween or Thanksgiving.","questions":"How long should older people wait before getting the flu vaccine?","answer":"October"}
{"text":["Why, over really a period of 25 years or so, have there been so many misadventures?How do you explain, for example, Iraq?How do you explain the lack of progress after so many years in Afghanistan?Why was the Libyan intervention unsuccessful?And I think the conclusion is is that the United States has focused more since the end of the Cold War not so much on defending against external threats but focusing more on the internal governance of foreign countries and trying to change it.","So rather than maintaining a strong defense in protecting our national interests, we've tended to promote democracy in other countries, we've engaged in nation-building exercises, we've engaged in regime change. And in most of those cases, we've been unsuccessful.","You were the U. S.  ambassador to Germany. Does the United States have - and you know the history - does the United States have no interest in preventing genocide and mass slaughter around the world?","I think genocide is probably the one case where we do have a responsibility. I mean, if it's real genocide and people are - there is mass murder, then I think we have a moral duty to intervene. But the problem is is that how you define that moral duty when it's not clearly genocide, when there's injustice, when there's discrimination, when, for instance, the young girls in Afghanistan can't go to school, that is not genocide."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Does the US have a responsibility to intervene in cases of genocide and mass slaughter?","questions":"What is the one case where the United States has a moral duty to intervene?","answer":"Genocide"}
{"text":["Have you been able to solve any specific problems in real time yet?I mean, you can see where, for expatriates, this is probably relieving to have something that you can do to help to try to help because it has to be frustrating to live outside the country and have your countrymen and probably your relatives going through all this. And you probably feel like, you know, what can I do?","Yes. So in the hackathon, we had 17 submissions. Three of them were completed, and four our ongoing. So like, you know, one of the ones that, you know, we're pretty excited is related to this Twitter data where people are, like, requesting medicines or offering medicine. A team built a Twitter bot that replies to those requests and try to match - do matchmaking between offer and the match.","That's exciting. I mean, I'm guessing this has been a fulfilling project for you. I mean, how has it made you feel to work on this and to see your work starting to grow?","Amazing. I think this is the best I've felt in a long time - to actively solve and engage with, you know, challenges in the country has been very gratifying for us as a team."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Expatriates may feel a sense of relief from being able to contribute in some way, despite being outside the country.","questions":"What is the solution offered by the team related to Twitter data?","answer":"Matchmaking"}
{"text":["So, what happened in West Virginia certainly doesn't instill confidence necessarily in a municipal water system I would think.","The fact that this happens so infrequently actually I think is a testament to the quality of our drinking water. I mean, it's quite remarkable. I could go anywhere in the U. S.  and have some tap water and not really give a second thought about its quality. I can't do that in most parts of the world. You know, there's no question you're right. We have to remain vigilant. There are always sources of contamination that water providers have to be worried about - natural sources, microbes, pathogens, bacteria and such. And then there are obviously these accidents. One of the reasons this chemical got into the system so quickly is that no one expected it to be in the water. And so the treatment system wasn't set up to deal with it.","Yeah. And now they're telling pregnant women you may still not want to drink this water, although other people can. And that, I think, makes people feel like, well, what do you mean?","Think about this, though. I mean, there are over 60,000 chemicals in commerce in the United States and only a fraction of those have had really significant toxicity testing. And so the chemical that's spilled here is something that's used to, you know, to treat coal. It's not something you'd expect to find in your drinking water. And that's not a justification for why we don't have the data, because we should have it. It ended up in our drinking water. But the scale of the problem I think is important to keep in mind as well."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In Turn 2, the speaker is implying that even though the incident in West Virginia was unfortunate, it is still a testament to the quality of drinking water in the US, as similar incidents rarely occur. ","questions":"How does the speaker describe the frequency of incidents like the one in West Virginia?","answer":"Infrequently"}
{"text":["I heard you talking to Ron about how people react - or how President Bush was reacting today, and people here who watched the speech on the Jumbotron at the restaurant where I am actually laughed at Bush's reaction shots during President Obama's speech, particularly when President Obama said America is a friend of each nation and we are ready to lead.","But other than that, people here were rapt. They sat with tears in their eyes. Couples held onto each other. They cheered through the speeches. They cheered when the Carters and Clintons came out. They even cheered when Obama's daughters were taking pictures with the camera. People here were really excited.","Would you say that there was a generational difference noticeable at all between the people who were there who responded to what they saw on the Jumbotron?","Actually, no. Where I am, people brought their children, people brought their grandparents. It was a very racially-mixed crowd, and I actually spoke to one woman. She's 64. Her name's Renee Durant(ph). She was here in 1968 during the riots. She said she was so glad to be alive to see this. Her 96-year-old father, who was in an assisted-living facility in Virginia, was watching it as well, and they were so glad to be here. Across the table from her was a white couple who brought their toddler, who was wearing an Obama T-shirt. They were equally glad to be here. It was really quite something to watch. Very emotional.","So from their standpoint, it clearly is, truly is a new day and a new way of looking at things, correct?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The crowd was emotionally invested in the event, regardless of their race or age","questions":"Which event were people emotionally invested in?","answer":"presidential"}
{"text":["So the legislation you're pushing for would require anyone with a sex trafficking conviction to register as an offender in New Mexico. A similar bill recently failed in the state Legislature. Do you think that the Epstein case and the attention that it's getting will flip some votes?Do you think the bill is more likely to pass now?","I think the Epstein case - if there is only one positive that comes from this matter, it's that there will be more awareness that human trafficking and child trafficking is everywhere in every community, and any community can be exploited. It's appalling that the Legislature did not give this bill one hearing last year, much less consider the reform. I think the Epstein case will bring considerable amount of awareness on this issue and the real need to better protect children.","Epstein has not faced charges in New Mexico, but I understand that your office is interviewing people about what took place on his ranch. What can you tell us about that?","We do have an active investigation. We are meeting with survivors and victims involved in that matter. I'm very concerned that there definitely was a course of conduct here in New Mexico within our borders and that we don't leave any stone unturned. And we're also going to be forwarding any federal evidence to the federal authorities in New York."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There is concern that there was illegal activity on Epstein's ranch in New Mexico and the investigation will be thorough","questions":"What is the focus of the investigation in New Mexico related to Epstein?","answer":"New-Mexico"}
{"text":["That seems to be the case.","Thanks very much for being with us today.","Thank you so much, Neal. Keep an eye on your belly button.","Rob Dunn is a science writer, a biologist in the Department of Biology at North Carolina State University. He joined us today from Raleigh. Tomorrow, traffic. L. A. 's is legendary, they're trying something new. They have synchronized every traffic light in the city. Join us for an update with Tom Vanderbilt tomorrow right after I go home and take a shower. It's the TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. I'm Neal Conan in Washington."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Not sure what the belly button reference means exactly (it refers to the earlier discussion), but it isn't literal. It's a joke.","questions":"Which body part does PersonA refer to in their joke?","answer":"Belly"}
{"text":["I've always felt like with Britain that there was always a kind of low-grade racism that one experienced almost on a daily basis. Like, in America, you feel it's a much bigger convulsion. And the society is kind of reckoning with it in a more sincere but more troubled way. In England, it was always very light, you know?So it was - you'd come in and the guys on the walkie-talkie would be like, ah, you're the Indian fellow who's going with Gabriella. And it was like - so like. . .","A limerick.","Yeah. The first line of a limerick. But obviously, there was an implication because at that point, there was no one of my shape and size and color around, you know?So it was definitely there.","You focus in this piece on Princess Michael of Kent, who recently, of course, caused controversy when she wore a blackamoor brooch when she met Meghan Markle, who is biracial. And you say that that isn't surprising that she would have done something like that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Daily racism in Britain is subtle but still present","questions":"Which Princess caused controversy by wearing a blackamoor brooch while meeting Meghan Markle?","answer":"Princess"}
{"text":["And, of course, this comes just a few hours after the president announced a new acting chief of staff. And I emphasize the word acting because that's unusual.","Yeah. So Mick Mulvaney is the head of the Office of Management and Budget. Until recently, he was also the acting head of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau but - which he wanted to destroy. But then a permanent head of that agency was confirmed. And so then he only had one job. Now he has two once again. He will be the acting chief of staff. According to the White House, he will do - he will only focus on chief of staff work. He will not do budget work. His deputy there will do that. But he will continue to be in that job - or both jobs. And presumably, the president will be looking for a more long-term chief of staff, though long term is all relative, especially in this administration.","NPR White House correspondent Tamara Keith, thanks so much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : All ideas are different between all human beings.","questions":"Which turn implies that the president may be seeking a permanent chief of staff?","answer":"presumably"}
{"text":["If there's one politician that you could interview, which one would it be?","I probably would have to say that if there's one person I'd want to interview, it'd probably be President Trump. I think right now would be - to interview most. But, I mean, there's obviously - it's a huge field right now. And I'm definitely hoping that there'll be more than one of the 2020 candidates I'll be able to spend some time with in the next few months.","Gabe Fleisher, writer of the political newsletter Wake Up To Politics and current high school junior. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's not a field, but a large number of people the person would want to interview.","questions":"How would PersonA describe the pool of people they want to interview?","answer":"Huge"}
{"text":["Yes. The big topic, of course, is what he'll say about the president's unfounded claims that Barack Obama wiretapped his phones. He has also accused British intelligence of wiretapping his phones on behalf of Barack Obama. There's been no evidence produced for those claims. The British have pushed back against them strongly. People on the Hill say they have not seen any evidence of this, and Comey will be asked about that first and foremost.","OK.  And over at the Senate, the first hearings for President Trump's nomination for the Supreme Court - what kind of reception is he going to get?","Well, that's going to be the big event of the week. Neil Gorsuch, who has been nominated by Donald Trump, is going to be asked a lot of questions about his views on executive power, about Donald Trump's comments disparaging judges and the entire court system. This is one of Donald Trump's most important early initiatives. The Republicans have 52 votes in the Senate. They say if they have to change the rules so they won't need 60 to confirm him, they will do that. So it's going to be very, very hard for the Democrats to stop him. But this is just the first of many, many judicial vacancies that Donald Trump will have the opportunity to fill because of the age of judges on the bench right now and the number of vacancies.","And something else we're looking at, obviously, is what's happening on Thursday - a much anticipated vote in the House. They're voting on the repeal-and-replace legislation for Obamacare. Does Speaker Ryan have the votes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  A: \"the Republicans have 52 votes in the Senate\" - This statement is not referring to physical votes but rather the number of Republican senators in the Senate who are likely to support the nomination.","questions":"What does the statement about the Republicans' number in the Senate refer to?","answer":"Number"}
{"text":["It's amazing the way it works.","I agree. Now, Nelson Mandela's 90th birthday is looming, and there have been all this celebrations now. Supermodel Naomi Campbell, who I guess according to court records will hit anyone on the head with her cell phone, was supposed to be a presenter at this big concert but was removed from the list. Give us a quick sense of why.","Well, Mandela was a little upset that when she got arrested the last time she had on a hat with the numbers - his prison cell number or his inmate number from prison, and he was a little disturbed about that. But she didn't present, but she did attend an event last night. So, I mean, you know I think he was - you know people was sort of worried about you know what it would like if she was on stage, but she was there because they're very close, she and Mandela so.","Ah, close enough to get hit with the cell phone?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Naomi Campbell has a history of violence with her cell phone","questions":"How would you describe Naomi Campbell's behavior with her cell phone?","answer":"violent"}
{"text":["So there are always lines in invoices - in the case of remains excavations, taking care of the remains, maintaining them, transfer - all of these kind of things. It happens. It exists. In other hostage cases, you would see not necessarily - and I have to distinguish between hostages and political prisoners because Otto Warmbier was a political prisoner, not a hostage.","And the difference being that hostages are held generally by nongovernmental. . .","Correct.",". . . Entities. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Political prisoners are not the same as hostages and should be distinguished.","questions":"Which type of prisoners is Otto Warmbier categorized as?","answer":"Political"}
{"text":["Well, they all have different - they work differently, you know, in terms of the receptors they hit, in terms of how they're metabolized in our body and how they interact with our body's tissue. So each one is a very different animal in trying to attack.","Is this something that a drug company would be interested in developing, if you found some research or did some of the basic research?","I really wish it would, but I think a lot of big drug companies don't feel that drug addicts are a great investment. So they've kind of shied away from looking at therapies for addiction. I wish they would get more involved, that's for sure.","Well, what about something for an overdose?You don't have to be a drug addict to have an overdose."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Race is a deep-seated issue in society that cannot be easily solved","questions":"What do big drug companies think of drug addicts as an investment?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["The investigations into the fatal Lion Air and Ethiopian Airlines crashes have revealed troubling details about safety. For example, Boeing was charging extra for a safety feature - one that might've helped the pilots in those flights. Boeing says it will now make that feature standard. We wondered whether the same could be true of safety features in cars.","Some new cars have features to avoid collisions or stay in a lane. Depending on the make and model, features like those could come standard or cost extra. David Friedman was acting administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and he's now on the policy side of Consumer Reports. Welcome to the studio.","Thanks a lot for having me, Ari.","Let's start by talking about a feature called automatic emergency braking. I understand this is a technology that has been really widely adopted, largely because of a voluntary agreement where automakers said they'll make it standard by 2022. What does this do?How important is it?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Let's start by talking about a feature called automatic emergency braking.\"","questions":"Which feature are they discussing?","answer":"Automatic"}
{"text":["Right, right. Yeah, I mean, that's the obvious question to ask, and we're not really sure. I mean, the biggest difference is that it's not producing these radio jets at the rate it should be. So typically the central galaxy in a cluster is shooting out these really bright jets that you can see from here in the radio. But this one is giving off - instead of radio, it's giving off a lot of gamma ray and X-ray, and so it seems to be almost confused about what type of black hole it is. It's giving off sort of quasar-like emission rather than this sort of more quiet, more gentle emission.","Hmm, who am I, asks the black hole?","(Unintelligible). How is this cluster discovered?","So it was initially discovered a few years ago by the South Pole Telescope, which is a telescope that's essentially built to find these really massive clusters. And so it looks at light from the Big Bang, which is a background radiation; it looks for shadows in that light. And these clusters are so massive that they're going to cast a shadow in this background radiation. And so that's how this cluster was first found."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The black hole seems confused about its identity.","questions":"What is the black hole emitting instead of radio waves?","answer":"Quasar-like"}
{"text":["The Staples Singers, Booker T and the MGs, Isaac Hayes and more - but the Stax tale isn't just one of another record company that became an international sensation. It's a story of tragedy - business and personal. But most importantly, it's a tale that features racial harmony in a city with a troubled racial history. In the late '50s and early '60s, Memphis, Tennessee was a city divided.","It was a city that you might say had hate pulsing through its veins.","That's author Robert Gordon. He lives in Memphis. His new book is \"Respect Yourself: Stax Records and the Soul Explosion. \"But Stax didn't start as an explosion of soul. The owners of Stax Records, Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton, set out to do something very different.","They were two white siblings. Jim was a white country fiddle player. You just wouldn't believe how far black music was from their minds at the time."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"racial harmony in a city with a troubled racial history\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that there was peace and cooperation among people of different races in Memphis, despite the city's history of racial conflict. The implied meaning is that Stax Records, a company that brought together black and white musicians, played a role in promoting racial harmony and bridging the racial divide.","questions":"How did Stax Records promote racial harmony in Memphis?","answer":"Bridging"}
{"text":["So off I went to Moscow with a couple of colleagues to talk about how intelligence services should work in democracies. And I found myself sitting in the Lubyanka, their headquarters, which over the years had been sort of prison death cell torture chamber, facing a long line of KGB officers and talking to them about democratic oversight and such things. It was certainly one of the strangest events of my working life I think.","(Laughter) Forgive me, but this is a week to ask - do you think they took good notes?Were they paying attention to this democracy?","(Laughter) No, I don't think they were actually. They looked at us with rather hard, cynical eyes. And I wrote somewhere that it seemed to be like two wild animals surveying their prey but not being able to get at them. But I don't think they were particularly interested in all this oversight and democracy stuff, no.","And may I ask you, just based on your experience and the way you survey events, what does Russia want these days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) implies that the speaker doubts whether the KGB officers were actually interested in the discussion of democratic oversight and were just pretending to pay attention. ","questions":"What did the KGPersonB officers look at the speaker with?","answer":"Eyes"}
{"text":["What happened was there was this terrible murder in a house on Runyon Street. It was called the Runyon Street murders. Four people were killed. And the police set their sights on a 14-year-old named Davontae Sanford. He was young. He was alone. He was developmentally disabled.","And they got him to admit to what he said was, quote, \"something\" with his understanding that he would be let go. He ended up signing a confession to the murders. He was indicted. His attorney, who was guilty of all sorts of misconduct, ended up, in the middle of trial, having Davontae plead guilty to the four murders and get an extremely long sentence.","Eighteen days after he pled guilty - or maybe 16 days - the actual killer, a guy named Vincent Smothers, confessed to the Detroit Police that he had carried out these four murders and eight other murders at the behest of a hitman. So the Detroit Police, even though they had this evidence, didn't free Davontae Sanford. And at some point, the evidence leaked out. I think that was in 2009. And at that point, he started fighting to be released and was opposed at every turn by Prosecutor Worthy.","We contacted Prosecutor Worthy, who didn't come in for another interview. But she - there is this statement. And let me read it."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Davontae Sanford was coerced into confessing to a crime he did not commit and his lawyer was guilty of misconduct.","questions":"What crime was Davontae Sanford coerced into confessing?","answer":"Murders"}
{"text":["Yeah. They're like, oh, my God. Make that face again. That's so funny. But it's not like that. And the reason I talked about it and shared when I did was because there started to be all these compilations of my tics that were made by the fans, which they just thought it was, like, goofy Billie is making a bunch of faces. And they're funny. Let's make a video about it, which is, of course, out of love. And they think that's funny. And they didn't - they don't know, you know?","O'CONNELL: Especially if they think you're doing them on purpose, then it's totally out of love.","They think I'm doing it on purpose. But I felt almost, like, attacked in a way, which was kind of stupid. But it's something like I've lived with my whole life and, like, not been open about because I didn't want it to label me, you know?","Sure, you don't want the whole - that to be the second sentence of every every paragraph about you."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"But I felt almost, like, attacked in a way, which was kind of stupid.\" - The implied meaning here is that Billie is feeling defensive about her tics and is hurt by the fans' reaction.","questions":"Which emotion did Billie feel about her tics?","answer":"Defensive"}
{"text":["Yeah, we were on vacation; my family and I were out on the boat, and it was a beautiful, sunny day in the Abacos, in the Bahamas.","This is Erik Nourrie of Florida.","Typical crystal clear, beautiful Bahama waters. And the kids were playing and swimming. And I took my mask and snorkel and spear, and went out to a little channel there to hunt.","Nothing unusual - Erik hunts for dinner often. He spearfishes. And pretty quickly, he spots a good-sized fish darting around."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Nothing unusual - Erik hunts for dinner often. He spearfishes. And pretty quickly, he spots a good-sized fish darting around.\" - The literal meaning is describing Erik spearfishing and catching a fish. The implied meaning could be that the speaker is setting up the conflict or problem in the story, as something unusual or unexpected is about to happen.","questions":"What does Erik often do for dinner?","answer":"Hunts"}
{"text":["And what we found in these focus groups was that most people, Democrats and Republicans in this - in the sort of middle of the spectrum, they did think there was something there with the investigation. They thought it was a good thing for it to be investigated. Maybe some of the Republicans felt it was going on too long. But you see this in polls as well. People generally supported the investigation, thought it was merited. And they were confused by it, frankly. They weren't - they weren't following all of the twists and turns of it.","It's a hard story to follow (laughter).","Even for those of us whose job it is to follow it, it can be confusing. And that's certainly true for the public. It wasn't that it was confusing and therefore shouldn't exist. They thought it was a - it was a good thing. But they certainly could not tell you every twist and turn.","NPR conducted a poll with PBS News Hour and Marist. And that poll found that 78 percent of Republicans are now satisfied with the investigation, 35 percent of Democrats and about half of independents. That seems to have literally flipped the script. Is that similar to what you heard?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer","questions":"How was the actual meaning of turn 0 different from the original meaning?","answer":"Different"}
{"text":["My own judgment is it is a personal power struggle. President Salva Kiir is in power, and Riek Machar - he has been the deputy in the party and the deputy in the government. And in 2015, Riek Machar came openly talking about his ambition to become the president of the Republic of South Sudan one day. That led to his dismissal. That is the genesis of this problem.","President Salva Kiir is from the ethnic Dinka majority, the largest tribes in South Sudan, and Riek Machar is from Nuer, the second largest tribe. And, you know, in South Sudan, these two tribes - they constitute the majority of the - of the army. That is why fighting took place with the support of these two big tribes who dominated army.","There are 12,000 U. N.  peacekeeping troops there already. The proposal is for another 4,000. I gather a spokesman for the South Sudan government says they're opposed because this would be neocolonialism. Help us understand what he means by that.","Well, the government is saying it is an attempt to colonize South Sudan. It is an attempt by the American government to change the regime or the regime change. That is what the government is saying, but I don't know whether that is the intention. This morning, I had an opportunity to interview the U. S.  ambassador - the South Sudan ambassador, Molly Phee - and she categorically denied that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) B's statement about the South Sudan government opposing the proposal for 4,000 U.N. peacekeeping troops due to neocolonialism implies that the government is wary of foreign influence and control, and fears that the deployment of additional troops would be an infringement on their sovereignty. The actual meaning goes beyond the literal definition of neocolonialism as a form of indirect control by developed nations over less developed ones.","questions":"What term did the South Sudan government use to describe their opposition to the proposal for additional U.N. peacekeeping troops?","answer":"neocolonialism"}
{"text":["Why reform?What has been wrong with the bail system up to this point?","It is extremely unfair. Essentially, what you're doing is taking people who have zero dollars and asking them to pay you dollars to preserve their own liberty. In New York, it's something like 45,000 people per year are detained on bail. And of those, 85 percent have a bail that they can't afford to pay, even though it's less than $500. And we have to keep in mind that in New York City, the cost of jail is something like $400 - at least $400 a day, so the math quickly does not add up.","Which is why I'm wondering, you know, why does the system do it this way?How does the system benefit from the current way of asking for bail?","I think that it's kind of a version of inertia. I think, you know, the idea was that the most important thing we have in our society and culture is money, so if you take that away from somebody or threaten to take it away from them, then you can compel them to do what you want them to do, which is to return to court. And then we have an industry that this set up - often, you know, in any downtown area, you see the bail bondsmen is right next-door to the court. And so we have an industry that has a lot of entrenched interest to keep the current system alive and well."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This statement implies that the amount dollar charged for bail in New York is exorbitant.","questions":"What is one reason why 85 percent of those detained on bail in New York cannot afford to pay it?","answer":"Unfair"}
{"text":["Well, he's got two possibilities here. These tariffs go up on Friday. Both the U. S.  and the Chinese economy would feel the pain. Markets would respond. And here in China, the timing is not great. China's growth is slowing. The government has stepped in with stimulus to try and cushion the blow. And higher tariffs would put more pressure on China's financial system. That said, the notion of Xi Jinping standing up to an American president plays into this carefully crafted aura of him inside of China as this strongman leader who's willing to fight back against China's biggest global rival. So it could play in his favor.","Now, one thing that has not been on the table during these trade talks is China's interment of millions of Chinese Muslims - Uighurs - something that has concerned human rights groups here in the U. S.  Do you think that there's any chance that this human rights concern will be addressed during these trade talks?","Well, it certainly doesn't seem like it. The State Department has ratcheted up its criticism of China on this issue, but the Commerce Department and the U. S.  trade representative who are handling the trade negotiations don't seem receptive to having this issue be a part of the talks. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo did seem to separate the two issues in an interview on \"Face The Nation\" on Sunday, saying the administration has to do more than one thing at a time.","And you were just in Xinjiang last week, right?Tell us what you saw there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The US government is not willing to include human rights concerns in trade negotiations with China","questions":"What issue is the US government not willing to address during the trade talks with China?","answer":"Human"}
{"text":["I see.","Yeah. And it goes around about once an hour. So what they did was they went to Pacific Northwest Bell and had the engineers there create a wireless telephone. So the Space Needle actually had wireless phones in 1962. You could sit down. You could make a call. There was a radio pickup in the wall, and they would connect you then to the operator so you could call out.","Mm-hmm. I was - I took a visit to the Space Needle yesterday. And I'm - being a geek myself, I was really enthralled with the technology and just this - the pure nuts and bolts that are holding it together. I remember walking out and seeing this giant nut and - screw and nut holding it - it's bolted to the ground. Of course, being a geek, I wanted to know the size of the wrench it took to do that.","But that seemed to be very, very simple, and it seems to be holding up very, very well."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person loves science and anything related to it and is intelligent.","questions":"What impressed PersonB about the technology at the Space Needle?","answer":"technology"}
{"text":["I spent a lot of time reading, writing - self-education. I used the time to teach myself both criminal and civil law. And we lived on what we call an organized tier along the principles of the Black Panther Party, developing unity among the other guys on the tier. We taught guys how to read and write, which, you know, I think was my greatest achievement.","Mr.  Woodfox, how often were you gassed?","Oh, my goodness. Well, gas was a standard form of weapons that the security people used. So anytime you challenge inhumane treatment or you challenge unconstitutional conduct, they would gas you, you know. And depending on the severity of the confrontation, they would open up your cell, and they would come in and beat you down and then, you know, shackle you and bring you to the dungeon. And you probably would stay there a minimum of 10 days. The fact that I was involved in organizing a lot of the protests against - you know, along with Herman and Rob. . .","Friends of yours, fellow inmates who were in at the same time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Speaker A is implying that they were gassed a LOT by exclaiming \"oh my goodness\" and noting he was involved in organizing a lot of the protests","questions":"Which form of weapons was used as a standard by the security people?","answer":"Gas"}
{"text":["Let me go from pickles to apples and Poland because the agricultural minister apparently went on TV saying he thought Russia had broken international law with the embargo. And now they're asking the United States to purchase Poland's excess apples, which must be a lot of apples. Is Poland more exposed than, say, Germany?","On fruit, Poland is much more exposed than Germany. If you look at the exposure of countries - Poland on produce, Britain on finance, France has a big military order with Russia and there's a dispute over whether those vessels - those ships should be delivered. And for Germany, Volkswagen - those are the companies that are worried. So the food sanctions business doesn't hit Germany like it hits Poland.","Norwegian salmon - I guess there's also concern there too because even - there's only so much salmon even Norwegians themselves can eat and they need Russia's - that market.","Sure, and that's a big market for Norway. Fish producers in Britain are also very worried about it. But the countries say they will go on. And they also assert who's this going to hurt?If you read the Russian press, there is a view that sanctions against - or the reverse sanctions, as it were, by Russia against the European Union will actually help Russian producers. They say this is the chance for us to produce and to get our own markets going."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning is about how the countries are going to continue despite the sanctions, but the actual meaning is about how the sanctions could benefit Russian producers.","questions":"What is the actual meaning behind turn 3?","answer":"Benefit"}
{"text":["Thirty years ago today, a democracy movement was snuffed out in China's Tiananmen Square. Tanks opened fire on demonstrators, killing young protesters. This was a pivotal moment in modern Chinese history. And NPR's Deborah Amos covered the crackdown. She joins us to share some of her memories from that time 30 years ago.","Hi, Deb.","Hi there.","So you arrived in the country just after this massacre. Why did the Chinese government allow foreign journalists in?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Snuffed out has the implied meaning of stopping.","questions":"Which event did the Chinese government allow foreign journalists in to cover?","answer":"crackdown"}
{"text":["Well, let's put it this way - if we don't fight, we will lose everything. We will lose the rule of law. We will lose the human right. We will lose the way of life that we're used to. We will lose, you know, the freedom we have. But if we fight, that might - you know, there may be a chance. There may be a miracle.","What specifically do you want that you think the government could conceivably deliver?","Well, it's not me want. I think Hong Kong people, after more than three month resistance and facing the police violence, we know that if we don't fight, we will always be under attacked and under encroachment on our freedom.","What do you want from the United States?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : what do you want from the US that implies they want freedom from the other country","questions":"How does turn 3 relate to the implied meaning in turn 2?","answer":"related"}
{"text":["Sometimes economics are turned on their head. Now, for years, Britain has had controversial austerity measures in place. Olivier Blanchard, the International Monetary Fund's chief economist, likened them to playing with fire. This past week, the IMF published its World Economic Forecast and concluded the fastest-growing economy of any rich country in the world is Britain's. Britain's Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, led the U. K. 's austerity measures.","He didn't tell the IMF meeting in Washington, D. C.  this week, I told you so, but he did say that the government's plan succeeded despite warnings from some. We're joined by Simon Johnson. He's a former IMF chief economist. Thanks so much for being with us.","My pleasure.","Did the IMF get it wrong?What do you make of these figures?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : turned on their head implies that something unexpected happened","questions":"What did Olivier Blanchard compare Britain's austerity measures to?","answer":"Playing"}
{"text":["Still, you'll remember that more than two dozen Russians have already been indicted this year for conspiring to interfere in the 2016 elections. And the message this week is that they are at it again, or maybe they never stopped.","We should remind ourselves - this is so serious. This has to do with the ability of citizens to cast vote, which is the lowest and most important lever of democracy. What's the reaction been like so far in the Capitol?","You know, President Trump has kind of brushed off these new charges. He says there's nothing here to do with his campaign. And he says if there are hackers out there, they probably liked his opponent in 2016, Hillary Clinton, better than him. He was also critical, yesterday, of former President Obama, Trump said, for not doing more in 2016 to deter these attacks back then. Of course, the Obama administration tried to issue a warning, but they say that idea was shot down by Republican Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell at the time.","As for other reactions from the Capitol, Senator Mark Warner, Democrat - the senior Democrat on the Senate Intelligence Committee - says it's time for Congress to get involved here. He says that social media companies need to commit to work with lawmakers to update laws and better protect against this kind of foreign election interference."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Russians have interfered in the elections and are doing it again.","questions":"Which lever of democracy does PersonB mention as the most important one?","answer":"Vote"}
{"text":["From the studios of NPR West, this is Day to Day. I'm Alex Cohen. Scrapping the car czar. President Obama has chosen not to appoint one person to oversee the restructuring of the troubled auto industry. For more on why the president is switching gears we're joined now by Justin Hyde of the Detroit Free Press. And Justin, why did President Obama decide to get rid of this car czar position?","Well, it's becoming clear that the auto industry is probably going to have too many problems for just one person to handle. GM and Chrysler are going to be submitting plans to the administration tomorrow to explain how they deserve the 17. 4 billion that the government has lent them and whether they might be able to receive even more aid in the future.","The Obama administration has several very tough questions to answer about the future of this industry and hundreds of thousands of jobs that are tied into it. It's just going to take more work than one person can give.","So in lieu of a car czar, there will be this Presidential Task Force on Autos. Who will be heading up that group?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Getting rid of the person that was chosen to lead a committee regarding the automobile industry. The president is changing is mind on this and Justin Hyde can tell us why.","questions":"Which position is President Obama scrapping in the automobile industry?","answer":"Car"}
{"text":["Not letting anybody down - what do you mean?just being able to hold the salute for so long.","Yeah, maintain my position and in life. You know, it's much more than one day out of the year thing. The families that lost their loved ones, they're like, wow, my son wanted to be that. And it kind of honors them, in essence, because it doesn't let the sacrifice go in vain.","This seems to resonate with Korean vets, who are getting older now, vets from Vietnam, same thing - also Iraq, Afghanistan. I mean, it's all generations.","Yes, and it's very humbling. I was in a diner in Lexington, Ky.  And this guy saw a shirt I had with my salute on the back that said, thank you, veterans in all the wars. And he goes, I know that Marine. And I'm like, well, I'm that Marine. He started to cry. He said, please keep doing it. He had to give up his motorcycle when he came home from war. And now he bounces and tries to go to school and is trying to find his way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : letting anybody down implies not to disappoint anyone not to bring people down from carrying them on high ","questions":"How does PersonA's salute honor the families of fallen soldiers?","answer":"Sacrifice"}
{"text":["That's right. And my experience has taught me that, first of all, the role of the diaspora is very important and what was also called sometimes the reversal of the brain drain, in the case of India, for example. I wish that many Somalis come back to Somalia to contribute to the rebuilding of the country. So I thought I should pitch my message to the community, in this case in Minnesota, and to appeal to their involvement so that we can sustain the progress that was made.","You gave this speech in Minnesota, where I understand your son has just graduated from high school. Congratulations. So what does he think of your advice to come home?","Of course I have made the appeal to him as well.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The brain does not reverse but  the person's opinions do change.","questions":"What was the role of the diaspora discussed in turn 0?","answer":"Involvement"}
{"text":["And tomorrow is going to be my female day.","Right.","We are all of that and it's intertwined and I want us to celebrate our intertwining.","Do you think that economists need to dig in deeper into how these intersections of race and gender play out in the workplace?I mean do you think this is something, obviously there are plenty of people who work on it including you. But does it get enough attention and is there enough impetus to really put into place some of the learning that's happened?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A wants to celebrate their shared experiences as women and people of color.","questions":"How does PersonA want to celebrate their shared experiences?","answer":"identity"}
{"text":[". . . if you want to call it better than mud. And those soils actually have very little - they get - they amplify the ground motion, and they have very little resistance in terms of - when compared to bedrock. And the piling of the existing structure is about, you know, 30 meters deep. They're actually timber piles. They're 30 meters deep. And there are many, many, many of those. And that particular foundation is not made to resist the seismic motions that we're dealing with.","The other part of it is the fact that the existing eastern spans have - it's a truss structure. And by default, a truss structure has many connections, many members, unlike a suspension bridge. And thereby retrofitting those members to satisfy the new design codes would require a lot of work, overhead traffic and blocking lanes.","But if you look at your design of your new bridge, it's not - it's almost unlike anything we've seen before. . .","Well. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is not literally saying that retrofitting the truss structure would require blocking lanes and overhead traffic. They are implying that the retrofitting process would be difficult and disruptive due to the many connections and members of a truss structure.","questions":"Which process would be difficult and disruptive due to the many connections and members of a truss structure?","answer":"Retrofitting"}
{"text":["So Iran, I think, is going to respond to what it sees as its advantage. If the Trump administration were prepared to say we're going to remove a good part of the sanctions on Iran if you will sit down at the table, I think Iran would probably take that very seriously. The Trump administration, because of its opposition to the nuclear deal, created a crisis that really wasn't necessary.","And it could get worse. There is a real chance of misperception and misunderstanding that leads to military conflict. And I think this is something that nobody wants.","That's Gary Sick. He's a senior research scholar at Columbia University's Middle East Institute. Mr.  Sick, thank you so much for talking to us.","It was a pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Iran would be willing to negotiate if some of the sanctions were removed.","questions":"Which country's response would be affected if some of the sanctions were removed?","answer":"Iran"}
{"text":["Well, a firing range is where you find gun owners, and usually very responsible gun owners. And it was important for Gabby and I to reach out to like-minded folks like ourselves. I mean, we're both gun owners and we do it responsibly and try to get their opinions on how this affects them.","Now, you have been to Nevada and to Alaska and today we're speaking to you in New Hampshire. These are states whose senators voted against expanded background checks when the people in their state seem to approve of the idea of background checks. What is your message to those senators?","You know, Gabby and I understand the states of Arizona and Texas and their connection to firearms very well. It's important for us to understand other places, places like Nevada and Alaska, Ohio, North Dakota, here in New Hampshire - Maine also. And we'll go to North Carolina as well. So, it's not so much of sending a message to certain members of the Congress but it's really about reaching out to their constituents, so the next time I speak to those members you have a better sense of what their issues are and the things that they have to deal with.","So, what are you hearing from the like-minded people that you meet, people who like to hunt and shoot and own guns?Are you finding the kind of support you'd hope to find?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Gabby and I wanted to reach out to people who shared our beliefs about gun ownership and responsibility.","questions":"What did Gabby and PersonA want to do by reaching out to like-minded gun owners?","answer":"Connect"}
{"text":["Perhaps the most interesting part of it is the number of loose ends that we have. On one hand, Secretary Pompeo said there was no doubt Iran was responsible for the whole thing. And he listed a whole series of things that he said Iran had been doing, one of which was apparently an unknown militia in Iraq and the other was action by the Taliban in Afghanistan.","So maybe Iran really was responsible for the attacks on the tankers. But I think the fact that Pompeo chose to blame them for absolutely everything that's going on in the region that we don't like is a pretty good indication that the United States really is on a kind of propaganda campaign against Iran. But that doesn't solve the problem.","I was going to ask about the Iran side of this. So just, you know, for the sake of argument, what would Iran's motive be - if these attacks detected - what would be their motive?","As I say, I'm not doubting too much that Iran had a hand in this thing. Their motive is I think quite clear. We are in the middle of a signaling process that is going on. The United States is actually cracking down on Iran so that, basically, Iran not only can't sell oil. It can't sell its refined products. And, increasingly, Iran's closed out of international markets for just about anything that they produce."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The US is blocking Iran's access to international markets.","questions":"Which country is facing difficulties in selling its refined products?","answer":"Iran"}
{"text":["Right now, American voters are debating whether to put a black man in the White House. In \"Palace Council,\" a reporter named Eddie Wesley finds himself both professionally and personally connected to race, political violence and murder. I asked Professor Carter how he balances his life as a novelist and a Law Professor at Yale?","I think it was more of an escape. When I'm a law professor, I deal with difficult and even depressing subjects. I teach in areas like law and religion, or integrity and ethics, things like that. Writing novels, for me, writing fiction turns out to be a good balance. I write them mainly as entertainment, it's fun for me to write them, and it seems to be fun for readers to read them. Anyway people keep buying them.","Always good. This book really enters some very heavy research territory. As you flip through \"Palace Council,\" you will see John Kennedy referenced, you will see the Vietnam War referenced, Richard Nixon referenced. Tell us a little bit about the structure of the novel, and why all of these actual people show up?","My first two novels, although they were thrillers, I guess I'd call them campus thrillers. They were both set on a mythical Ivy League campus in New England. This novel is, I guess you'd call it, a historical thriller. It begins in the '60s and runs through the '70s, and it tells the story of a massive conspiracy among families. Some very powerful and shadowy families. Some white, and some black, too, aiming at control of the Oval Office."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They aren't literally going to put a black man in the White House, they are going to vote him in.","questions":"What is being debated by American voters?","answer":"Presidency"}
{"text":["My final thing is this, and I appreciate your coming on, one of the cornerstones of the president then-candidate Obama's approach to the people was that he would reach across the aisle, and there have been questions as to whether he really reached across the aisle effectively as far as the stimulus is concerned, fair or unfair?","I think he was effective. I mean, I'm not sure he ever could have expected to win a lot of people over but he had to be seen as trying. A budget after all like this stimulus economic recovery plan is actually a budget measure. It incorporates the priorities of the majority party, and the Republicans and Democrats have very different ideas of how to handle spending and taxes. So he was never going to get a lot of votes, but he tried. And he clearly, he tried not just stylistically but substantively. And what your listeners have to remember is that there are very moderate Republicans left in Congress. There's very few people left to deal with because Democrats have been so successful at the polls for the last two cycles.","I've got about 15 seconds for this, would you say that the president - this president - is under more public scrutiny that either of his recent predecessors?","Well, any president is under scrutiny, but I think yes. I mean, he's a ground breaker. He is the first African-American president that alone would bring him more scrutiny."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : cornerstone means in this context that it is a significant issue.","questions":"How does \"cornerstone\" relate to Obama's approach to the people?","answer":"Significant"}
{"text":["I think that's a - sometimes an oversimplification. But, you know, there's a bit of a creep factor now, to put it in the plainest terms. You click agree and maybe, you know, ads follow you around the net or - that's sort of the mildest form of these things. But in the sort of worst-case scenario, as you said, you know, your data might be sold in sort of an unethical way. We're all a little bit more wary, at least over here, about that kind of thing.","Over here in contrast to where?","Well, in contrast to other parts of the world. I would say what I saw at CES, which tends to favor big companies like Samsung, like LG, Sony - you know, obviously, are based mostly in Asia - the conversation around privacy there - it hasn't quite penetrated in the same way, at least by my reckoning from what I saw at CES because - I'll give you one example.","LG - they talked very highly about its smart home sort of platform, that all these devices have a connection to the Internet and they're using their sensors to kind of learn your preferences and better tailor what they can do for you. That all sounds good until you kind of realize, well, by definition, what they're doing is profiling you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People in other parts of the world are not as aware of the risks associated with data profiling.","questions":"What is the reason for LG receiving criticism?","answer":"Profiling"}
{"text":["Right. They're kind of barracks, right?This sort of - people don't have privacy.","No privacy. In some cases, they actually look like slave cabins. I mean, they're small. They're wooden shacks. Many of them - in fact, I have not seen one. They do not have bathrooms in the living facility itself. If you don't have a bathroom in your home or in your living space, you have to walk, in some cases, quite a ways to get to the toilet, to get to a shower. And this creates another vulnerability for women and something that they always have to be careful of, especially young girls.","What needs to happen, in your view?","Oh. I sigh because it's been such a long road. I think the best way for women to protect themselves - the best way that I've seen in the many years that I've organized has actually been a union contract. And that's because a union contract has a grievance process that guarantees that there will be no retaliation, that provides a means of justice and fairness and a response that's speedy, that addresses the issue, that allows farmworkers to actually have abusive supervisors fired and go back to work and be safe. If there's no way for an abuser to be actually punished for what he's doing to the women in the workplace, then it doesn't work. It doesn't work. And women are not going to complain. They're not going to feel safe."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Oh. I sigh because it's been such a long road. - The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is exhaling loudly because of a long journey. The actual meaning is that the speaker is expressing exhaustion and frustration from the challenges of advocating for farmworkers' rights.","questions":"How is the speaker feeling about advocating for farmworkers' rights?","answer":"frustration"}
{"text":["Now, Mr.  Trump often points out that the school, at least on the website, had an overwhelmingly favorable rating from former students. But the plaintiffs say that it wasn't like that at all.","Really, that's exactly what they say. They argue that the whole point to this school was to keep selling students increasingly expensive seminars. First, there was a free introductory course where students were told they could make tens of thousands of dollars in just a couple of months using Trump's investment techniques.","But to learn those, they had to sign up for another seminar that cost about 1,500 bucks. And at that seminar, they were sold another course that cost as much as $35,000. They claim that students were encouraged to go into credit-card debt and even cash out their 401(k)s to pay for these top-level courses.","The settlement was reached. Well, one of these suits was about to go to trial on Monday, wasn't it?","Yeah, it was, though attorneys for Trump wanted it delayed because he was too busy with the transition. But, clearly, his schedule wasn't going to get any easier once he became president. So the judge in the case was urging both sides to settle."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \u201cYeah, it was, though attorneys for Trump wanted it delayed because he was too busy with the transition.But, clearly, his schedule wasn't going to get any easier once he became president.So the judge in the case was urging both sides to settle.\u201d - Implied meaning: The judge wanted the two sides","questions":"How was Trump's schedule going to be affected?","answer":"both"}
{"text":["The administration position, as I alluded to, is that the number of migrant children apprehended crossing the border without a parent or guardian is at all-time record highs, that this is an emergency situation and that they're having to process so many children that they are out of money for everything which is not - and I'll quote - \"directly necessary for the protection of life and safety. \"What is your response?","Well, I'd argue that legal counsel is often an issue of life and safety for these children. They have fled horrific, violent conditions in their home countries. And an order of deportation without the opportunity of due process could mean a threat to their life and safety. When we're talking about the numbers of children coming in here, while the numbers may be higher, they're not that substantially higher than they were in 2014. And we were able to continue and actually expand services.","In your view, is this move legal?I mean, is the U. S.  obligated by law to provide these services for unaccompanied minors in federal shelters here?","Absolutely. The Trafficking Victims Protection Act mandates that children be provided with Know-Your-Rights presentations and legal screenings when they are in the custody of ORR."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The number of migrant children crossing the border is a crisis, and they are out of funds for non-essential expenses.","questions":"What is the administration's position on the number of migrant children crossing the border without a parent or guardian?","answer":"emergency"}
{"text":["So how - are governments in general, from what we know from the past, responsive to seeing these changes in how people act and the problems people have?","Well, of course, governments try to have programs that start more or less automatically when the economy starts changing, particularly downward. So we have extensions of unemployment compensation systems. We have extensions of disability systems. We have attempts to shift investment to try to stimulate regions where it looks like the economy is starting to contract.","The current problem is, as with all recessions, it looks like it's starting to contract almost everywhere. So finding resources to help those places which are contracting worse means you're taking resources from places where the economy is also contracting. So it does create a public policy problem, but you do see the response that we are currently having, which is that the government will apparently borrow considerable amounts of money and try to stimulate the economy to try to soften this contraction across the country so that the population does not become more desperate than it is or needs to be.","All right. Professor, we are going to have to take a station break. When we come back, I want to ask you about the ways that we treat each other differently, that people in communities may treat each other differently, based on these kinds of stress. Again, we are speaking with Ralph Catalano of UC Berkeley about how societies react during hard times."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"soften\" the contraction implies that the government will try to reduce the negative effects people suffer from the economic contraction.","questions":"Which term describes the government's attempt to alleviate the negative impact of the economic downturn?","answer":"shopping"}
{"text":["Here's what used to happen in the old days. People would only put 100,000 dollars in Broadway because they knew that was the maximum FDIC insurance. They put a million dollars in Bank of America. They figured, well, I only - because Bank of America only has the same insurance as we do, only a 100,000. So they left 900,000 dollars uninsured because they said, well, that's Bank of America. I'm only worried about Broadway. I'm not worried about Bank of America.","Hudson says the idea of a smaller bank, where you can actually talk face-to-face with the CEO, is starting to have a lot more appeal. As I sat in Paul Hudson's bank, where quotes by Langston Hughes and Frederick Douglass are painted on the walls, where there is no bulletproof glass, it made a lot of sense to me.","Most people have no relationship with their bank. It's the most impersonal relationship they have. I think that's probably why people are so stressed out about what's going on because it's almost like their world order has been disrupted. The way they thought the world rolled is not the way. So now, they're saying, well, if Merrill Lynch isn't safe, what is safe?You know, is anything safe?","Broadway Federal Bank's Paul Hudson says his bank may not have ATMs in every corner of the country, but what he can offer customers is the security of knowing they won't be needing a bailout anytime soon."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The current financial situation has disrupted people's sense of security.","questions":"What has disrupted people's sense of security?","answer":"Financial"}
{"text":["One is from Vaclav Havel. He's a ex-Czech president. And basically, it says for kids to surround themselves by people who seek the truth and then run from the people who have claimed they have found it. That's one of the quotes.","I talk to the parents, and I said, you know, everything has got to be non-offensive. It has to be a, you know, definitely acceptable for high school students. It can't be anything that's controversial.","So how much money have you raised?","You know, right now, I've raised $350, but I've been receiving numerous offers in the past week."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Surround yourself with those seeking truth and avoid those who claim they have found it.","questions":"What does Vaclav Havel's quote advise?","answer":"Discernment"}
{"text":["Earmarks and pork-barrel spending are as American as a bridge to nowhere. They're little, and sometimes not so little, holiday packages designed to win the votes of senators and representatives for national legislation with government money that's earmarked to directly benefit their states or districts. Many Democrats have groused about the latest examples that have been added, often in hand-written scrawls, into the new tax bill. Norman Ornstein is a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute and joins us now. Norm, thanks for being with us.","A pleasure, Scott.","What are some of the earmarks you've noticed in this tax bill?","Well, we have, of course, the most famous one, which is now being called with hashtags all over Twitter, the Corker kickback, named for Senator Bob Corker of Tennessee who had famously said quite early on I will not vote for any tax bill that adds a dime to the deficit and then turned around at the last minute and voted for this one with a provision added very, very late in the game to provide additional benefits to a particular set of real estate LLC's, as they're called, a particular kind of corporation. And Corker has significant investments in them, as does Donald J.  Trump and other members of the Trump family - something that would specifically give them millions in additional tax benefits."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Earmarks and pork-barrel spending are commonly accepted political tools used by legislators to curry favor with constituents.","questions":"Which Senator is mentioned in connection with a provision in the tax bill that would provide additional benefits to a particular set of real estate LLC's?","answer":"Senator"}
{"text":["So for a couple years now, Topps has had an app - say it ain't so - for baseball card-collecting and trading cards. These are virtual cards, not the cardboard ones that come with a stick of gum. I mean, it's called a Bunt, and you've tried it out. Tell us what you think.","Oh, it does - I should point out the packs do come with a stick of gum. It's just a virtual stick of gum.","Don't try to chew that gum.","No, that's what I was (laughter) - the whole thing is basically just an exercise in using your imagination, if you're old enough that you need to imagine for this stuff. If you're 13 to 25, which is, like - 80 percent of the Bunt users are - then I don't imagine there's anything weird about a piece of virtual gum showing up on your phone, exploding and then turning into baseball cards.","Well, it's been around for a while. I mean, can Topps call Bunt a success?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Don't try to chew that gum\" has a figurative meaning. It is a warning or joke to not try to interact with the virtual gum as if it were real gum.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue contains a figurative warning?","answer":"(2)"}
{"text":["Yeah, that's what's, you know, a little crazy about me because - and that's what my friends point out often. And even in the middle of terrible things happening to me, if there's one little piece of something positive happening, I'll think, yes. And I make these crazy logical leaps, like if some little positive thing happens, I suddenly think that, you know, Tom Cruise is going to star in some movie and it's going to get me, you know, bucket loads of money, and everything's fine. And it's all - they're delusions, but they keep me warm at night.","So this book just screams out to be made into a movie. It's written -no doubt - because of your skills in a very cinematic style. If it gets made into a movie, who do you want to play you?","There are a couple of people. I mean, I would think Terrance Howard would be terrific because he's so handsome, and I would feel like, wow, that's such an idealized version of myself.","And I love - you know, I love Don Cheadle, as well. He's so brilliant, and I would be honored if either one of them would play me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The turn in (1) where the speaker talks about making \"crazy logical leaps\" and having \"delusions\" that keep them \"warm at night\" is an example of a non-literal meaning, as they are using figurative language to describe their thought processes and coping mechanisms.","questions":"How does the speaker describe their thought processes and coping mechanisms in turn 0?","answer":"damage"}
{"text":["My grandparents were raised during the Great Depression and spent the rest of their lives hoarding rubber bands, bacon grease, and batteries. It used to fill me with embarrassment that they would actually rinse out Zip-Loc bags and reuse them. Poor people, I thought. Don't they know there's always more?I was raised in the disposable generation of styrofoam boxes and plastic water bottles. If something ran out, you simply got a new one.","But this year, we are re-evaluating not just how we spend our money, but also the lessons we pass on to a new generation. The other day, I made Emmeline a skirt out of a men's sport coat once sold exclusively at the Watergate Hotel. You can't buy that kind of fashion statement at Target.","On our most recent trip, Emmeline's glowery mood changed when she happened upon a shirt decorated with farm animals and said, ooh, now doesn't this look nice?I examined it and agreed, asking, what do you want to do with it?Emmeline twirled her toe on the speckled Formica floor and thought it over for a moment. A smile widened on her face, oh, I think that will make just the prettiest dress. Her latest outfit cost a dollar 50.","Mike Adamick is a stay-at-home dad living in San Francisco."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Mike Adamick is a stay-at-home dad living in San Francisco.\"  This turn has a literal meaning. The speaker is providing straightforward information about Mike Adamick's occupation and place of residence.","questions":"What is Mike Adamick's occupation?","answer":"SanFrancisco"}
{"text":["So they're very competent, very professional and, quite frankly, surprisingly good. You know, we've had a tendency in this country to sort of dismiss North Korea as a backward country. But it's not. In the nuclear arena, there are two paths to the bomb. One is the plutonium path. They showed me all of that in 2004 - not very fancy but good enough. And then in 2010, they actually showed me centrifuge facility. That was simply astounding. It was a modern facility, and it was remarkable for them to have that.","One of the goals of these potential talks is the denuclearization of North Korea. Given they've got such capabilities, how likely is it to happen?","Well, first of all, I think it's not very likely to happen. What's significant in the current situation is they've actually said that they would be willing to give up nuclear weapons, you know, if their security is assured, and they're not threatened. However, to think that's going to happen in the short term is just not realistic because to build a nuclear weapons program, it's an enormous number of facilities. It's a large number of people. It took, well, more or less 50 years but particularly the last 25 years to get to where they are today. They're not going to turn that over overnight.","Well, short of full denuclearization, what other steps could North Korea take to prove, you know, its sincerity in this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : North Korea is not as backward as we tend to believe.","questions":"What is one arena where North Korea surprised the speaker in their competency and professionalism?","answer":"Nuclear"}
{"text":["Well, how did they react to you as a person?I mean, you're a glamorous Los Angelina, and so what did they think when you showed up?","I think that it's interesting, because I was in a program called Cross-cultural Solutions, where they send volunteers to different areas. I was the first African-American that had been at this school. So I think they were confused. I mean, and these people in the town, they were just like are you from Ghana?Or are you Yabo(ph)?Yabo is a foreigner, and most likely, more than usually, a white foreigner. But I had a couple of people call me Yabo.","But they would sort of ask like where are you from, and one of the program's administrators would have to explain, she's an ancestor of Africans, and then they would say, oh, okay. So it was definitely some confusing sort of looks that I got.","But the kids were - you know, kids are very, you know, easy to sort of get along with. These kids were, you know, absolutely adorable. They didn't understand what I was saying a lot of the time, but they really connected to me. I mean, I would bring bubbles and jumping ropes and stuff like that, stuff that they had never seen before. So, you know, I was quite popular at the school, I have to say. I mean, particularly with my bubbles, that brought even the junior-high-school kids out\u2026","Oh, I'm sure."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person being referred to is from Los Angeles and is considered glamorous.","questions":"Which city is the person being referred to originally from?","answer":"Los-Angeles"}
{"text":["I think, at this point, the way to sanitize everything and start to rebuild confidence - and it's going to be difficult - is just for everybody to open up and say, look, here is where we are. Here are the assets that are still on our books. None of that stuff tends to panic people. There's a lot of bad news there, but people are smart enough to realize that, if they're not being told something, it's probably because the news is bad. And I think, once you just get it all out there, it would help quite a bit.","Henry, always great to talk to you.","You, too. Thank you so much for having me.","Henry Blodget is the CEO of the financial news site clusterstock. com."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being honest about the current situation can help restore confidence","questions":"Which CEO proposed a solution for rebuilding confidence by being honest about the current situation?","answer":"Henry"}
{"text":[". . . The people coming forward on the basis that they were poor young girls who were often troubled families and in, you know, the care of the state.","Mr.  Ramesh, the five men arrested were all from the Pakistani community of Rotherham, and you have written about this, how did that perhaps complicate the situation?","Well, it complicated it because there was a feeling - or at least the report laid bare - this idea that people were afraid to speak out for fear of being called out as racists. Now, that's part of the story. We have a policy here of community cohesion. The government at the time wanted communities to work things out for themselves and have the gentle hand of government sort of prod them into action. But there was this idea that, you know, people couldn't speak out because of this. And unfortunately, that led to the situation - exacerbated a situation where people weren't paying attention anyway.","People were flabbergasted about the allegations about Jimmy Savile a couple of years ago, the longtime BBC host. And I wonder if people in Great Britain are turning to each other now and wondering - not to wrench things out of context - but if there's something going on and the way they behave as the nation that aids and abets a kind culture of silence when such allegations are made."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B: People in Great Britain are turning to each other now and wondering - not to wrench things out of context - but if there's something going on and the way they behave as the nation that aids and abets a kind culture of silence when such allegations are made.","questions":"How did people in Great Britain react to the allegations about Jimmy Savile?","answer":"Flabbergasted"}
{"text":["The Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi continues to oppose proceeding with impeachment, and there's no law that says she has to go forward if a majority of her caucus wants it. And something that you do hear in the nuance of these statements from members of the House is they're not putting a lot of pressure on the speaker. They're not vocally opposing her strategy, going after her. They're saying this is where they are personally, and, in fact, she's given them permission to do so. But they're not saying, you know, the leadership is wrong, and we've got to push this through. So there is some patience, I think, that allows the speaker to continue to move the process forward.","So she is still the engineer.","She is. I. . .","But not necessarily plotting the course. I told you this analogy would be hard to take.","(Laughter) Well, she has very firm control over the caucus of House Democrats. And, so far, they have deferred to her, even if they differ with her on where this train, as you put it, is likely to end up."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : She is not necessarily the one that is making the decisions with the impeachment.","questions":"Which turn suggests that Nancy Pelosi may not be the one in charge of the impeachment decision?","answer":"turn3"}
{"text":["It is. And there's actually - turns out, there's a lot of responsibility with that because there are spectators everywhere. There are cameras everywhere. There's high winds, of course. They have to watch out for that. And anybody who doesn't stop when the yellow jersey stops, they're - they get in big trouble. And anybody who pees when there is too much wind or when they're in a group stuck somewhere, there are repercussions for people who sort of break these secret pee rules.","What other anecdotes do you have from other sports?","Well, the way I like to put this is there are nearly 3 billion gallons of urine evacuated on earth every day. And my reporting discovered that it seems like most of it ends up on an NFL field somewhere. Really, at any given moment, on an NFL sideline, there are probably a handful of players relieving themselves. They're sort of hiding in plain sight, whether they're going behind a towel or just going into their football pants or going behind an equipment case. You know, there are maybe 10 different techniques that football players relieve themselves during NFL games.","And wait, did you actually say that some of them just pee their pants?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"hiding in plain sight\" - this is a figurative expression meaning that someone is trying to remain inconspicuous while being in an obvious location.","questions":"Which expression in turn 2 explains how football players relieve themselves during NFL games?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Well, you know, I'm a Republican, but I'm also Catholic. So for me, the religious side, if we went there, I would be very much be against the death penalty, very much pro-life. And I see the pro-life and the death penalty - you kind of have to be consistent, in my mind.","You talk about your Catholic faith and how you look at this question through that lens. Of course, there are people who think that religion ought to be set aside. But I think in reality, many people do look at it at political questions through the lens of their own values. But white evangelicals make up a big part of the Republican Party. There are a lot of white evangelicals there in Kentucky as well. Of course, many white evangelicals oppose abortion, so I'm curious how you make that case to them.","Well, and that's why I'm, quite frankly, focusing on the economics. - But when you start talking about the numbers, the numbers are numbers. And it's pretty clear in a state like ours where we have desperate needs to use the money in other places - to shore up our pensions, you know, to help with our school system - this is simply an area where I think if you look at it logically, we're not getting any benefit from a criminal law standpoint, so let's spend our money somewhere else.","So the fiscal argument might make the case where the moral argument is more complex.","That's right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It may be difficult for A to reconcile their Catholic beliefs with the beliefs of white evangelicals in the Republican Party.","questions":"What group makes up a significant portion of the Republican Party and opposes abortion?","answer":"WhiteEvangelicals"}
{"text":["So is a bagel just a bialy with a hole in the middle?","It's very different, and the origins of the bagel are somewhat mysterious. There's a lot of folklore around it and variable legends about how the bagel came to exist. But I have decided that we will never know.","Well, it's one of the great mysteries of life, think of it that way. What made the bagel leap from being just kind of New York street food, you know, or maybe Sunday brunch food, across the country?","So it was really, I think, the Lenders brothers, and Lender's bagels are what I grew up in. I grew up outside of Detroit, Michigan, and I thought they were the greatest thing ever. Like you would get six of them in a little plastic tube. And now, like when I think, the taste was awful, but they were early adopters of refrigeration technology."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is saying that the taste of the bagels was not good, but they were an early adopter of technology, which helped make it popular.","questions":"Which technology helped make bagels popular?","answer":"Refrigeration"}
{"text":["Several of them. I mean, Espanola had only 14 individuals left in the 1960s, and then it was 12 females and two males. A third male was found in the San Diego Zoo and brought back to Galapagos (unintelligible) 1975. And there have now been about 2,000 young tortoises released back to that island through the reproduction program at the tortoise center here on Santa Cruz.","The same holds true for several of the other populations. I would say many of the populations are out of danger. But we're still, given the exploitation from the 1800s, the total tortoise population of Galapagos is still about 10 to 20 percent of the original population. So we have a long way to go to bring them back to the original populations.","A couple of questions tweeted and asked by listeners of the same ilk, saying: Would it be possible to clone him?","OK, this is an interesting thing, and we are trying to save some of Lonesome George's tissues, cells. Cloning in reptiles has really not been developed at all, and we're doing - a few mammals seem to be doing OK, but in general the technology, the methodology to actually clone reptiles is decades away.","So hopefully they will be able to maintain cells as in cryogenics, and who knows in the future, but at the moment, it would be impossible."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"clone him\" - This implies the possibility of cloning Lonesome George, a tortoise, rather than just asking if it is possible to create a genetic duplicate of him.","questions":"How did the listeners ask about Lonesome George?","answer":"Clone"}
{"text":["Exactly, after Dennis. And the greatest compliment a button-maker can get - she used it in her speech to the 1996 convention in Chicago.","You, of course, we'll stipulate, produce buttons for both major parties, yes?","We are an equal opportunity offender. We did I liked Hillary four years ago, but we did a very nice Chelsea button: don't tell mama but I'm voting for Obama.","Oh my God. Now, who pays for a button like that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is a supporter of Obama and is not afraid to express it publicly, even if it goes against the expectations of his mother.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about Hillary?","answer":"Chelsea"}
{"text":["Oh, yes, they're going to do it, like, regional. You know, so that'll be able to reach more people throughout the country, which is good because not everyone can make it to D. C.  And it doesn't start in D. C. It starts in every community where the blood flowed for our freedoms.","Well, Tim Chambers, thank you for stopping by and sharing a little bit of your story with us. Thank you.","My pleasure.","That's Marine Corps veteran Tim Chambers, also known as the Saluting Marine."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The blood flowed for our freedoms refers to the sacrifices made by soldiers for our country's freedom.","questions":"Which event doesn't start in D.C.?","answer":"Event"}
{"text":["He wanted two basic political reforms. The major one is called open primary electoral system. And essentially, what that means, instead of having Democrats run against Democrats and Republicans against Republicans in primary elections in the state, you would throw all of them into the mix and the top two vote-getters would advance to the general election. And the idea, if you believe proponents, is that it would allow kind of more moderate candidates to survive what are now hardest in the primary election. Instead, that you'll be catering to kind of a more moderate, wider electorate in the primary.","So, finally there is a budget. How has Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger reacted to this?","He hasn't said a whole lot yet, but his - I know that his staff is celebrating. This is a huge win for the governor. The framework is essentially what he's been calling for, for months. He's been urging both political parties to come out of their ideological corners. This has been his calling card for the past year, and if you look at the outline that he unveiled three months ago, this budget blueprint is essentially everything that he asked for. It's a major win for the governor.","And in his latest version of the budget, who were the big winners and losers?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger is happy with the budget agreement.","questions":"What is the governor's reaction to the budget agreement?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Well, the size of this scandal involving the Brazilian state-run oil company Petrobras is sometimes hard for outsiders to understand. Petrobras is a company that, through the company and its suppliers, encompasses about 10 percent of Brazil's economy.","Yeah, it's huge.","And so what happened was you had these prosecutors who found - almost stumbled into these clues. And they started pulling on this string and saw very quickly that this scandal was connected to almost everything and everyone.","And everybody, yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Turn (3) describes the discovery of clues that led to the unraveling of the scandal, which is consistent with its literal meaning.","questions":"How does turn 2 relate to turn 3?","answer":"connected"}
{"text":["Hopeful or not, I think the obvious answer is yes, I am a student of Zimbabwe, I am still very hopeful. But we are calling on President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa always been mandated by SADC to meet it in the Zimbabwe crisis, to look seriously in (unintelligible) and move away from this quiet diplomats which is not producing the desired result, and probably as the AU summit sits on Saturday with eight African leaders to take a position on Zimbabwe. The deployment of a peacekeeping mission is now long overdue. The people of Zimbabwe have suffered enough.","Clever, I want to thank you so much for talking with us.","You are welcome. Thank you very much.","Clever Bere is president of Zimbabwe's National Student Union. He spoke with us from Harare, Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Simultaneous use of soft-laser for exposure to the cochlea and administration of Ginkgo biloba extract for 4 weeks on a 20-50% of patients has been reported to be useful. Soft-laser mechanism of action is unknown, but it has been proved that light leads to athermic stimulation of biochemical processes","questions":"Which patients have been reported to benefit from the simultaneous use of soft-laser and Ginkgo biloba extract for treatment?","answer":"20-50%"}
{"text":["Wow.",". . . Actually the night he died. So he was a very well-respected young person by our staff, by our students and our community. And, you know, it was a very shame that that did happen.","I'm so impressed. I gather the youngsters themselves in your school came up with the idea of electing them king and queen. I got to tell you. . .","Yeah, you know, you think about social media as something that's bad sometimes. Well, they - her friends and his friends kind of started a little social media thing and the adults weren't even totally aware. And they wanted to - they wanted to have them be king and queen. Now, it wasn't, you know, the whole school. It wasn't everybody. It was a very tight group of kids that really. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Yeah, you know, you think about social media as something that's bad sometimes. Well, they - her friends and his friends kind of started a little social media thing and the adults weren't even totally aware. And they wanted to - they wanted to have them be king and queen. Now, it wasn't, you know, the whole school. It wasn't everybody. It was a very tight group of kids that really... Implicated Meaning: A is challenging a common perception or assumption about social media. The phrase \"you think about social media as something that's bad sometimes\" implies that there is a negative generalization or stereotype associated with social media. A is suggesting that this perception is not always accurate or applicable in every situation. The phrase \"the adults weren't even totally aware\" implies that the adults were unaware of the social media activity initiated by the friends of the individuals in question. It suggests a level of secrecy or exclusivity among a specific group of kids. The phrase \"they wanted to have them be king and queen\" implies that the group of kids had a desire or intention to elect the individuals as king and queen, which may have been unexpected or unconventional.","questions":"Which perception is PersonA challenging?","answer":"Perception"}
{"text":["Well, I think anyone of any political stripe would say that the U. S.  just has too many mass shootings, it being noted one is too many. But there's one every few days. The Republican Party controls the House, the Senate, the White House. Shouldn't the party that controls government see reducing mass shootings as a matter of national security?","I believe we should take a look at - yeah, absolutely. This is a problem of certainly domestic security, national security. And I'm concerned about firearm deaths. I'm also concerned what I've been witnessing, too, in Europe and elsewhere, where people take vehicles and they drive them into crowds and kill many people. I mean, we have, sadly, you know, very evil people in this world who will do terrible things. Sometimes they're motivated politically. Sometimes they're mentally ill. Sometimes, in the case of Las Vegas, we simply don't know what motivated this guy.","Well - but why give people who have mental problems the legal capacity to get dangerous weapons?","Well, they - actually, you know, like I said, they're not allowed to. This person who has been involuntarily committed to a mental health institution is prohibited. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"Well - but why give people who have mental problems the legal capacity to get dangerous weapons?\" implies a different meaning from its literal meaning. The speaker is not simply asking a question about why people with mental health problems are allowed to buy weapons legally, but is rather suggesting that this should not be allowed and expressing frustration or disbelief that it is currently legal.","questions":"What is the PersonA's attitude towards mentally ill people purchasing dangerous weapons?","answer":"disbelief"}
{"text":["I mean, it's tempting, and certainly we do it in the news business, to look at a figure like $9 billion and say, you know, figure out what that cost per arrest and everything. But I wonder, isn't it in a sense worth, I don't know, a billion dollars a year to the American people to have that deterrent aboard?Because as people in the program have pointed out, if something happens, there's no one else to call upon for help in an airliner.","Well, you could justify almost anything on that basis. But I will tell you that on any cost-benefit analysis, this program does not hold muster. I can tell you also that while a billion dollars might not seem like much money in the whole federal government. . .","Oh, no, it's a lot of money. Don't get me wrong. . .","It's a lot. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (1) The speaker is not really asking for permission to use an expletive, but rather using the question as a way to express frustration or emphasize a point.","questions":"Which turn did the speaker use a rhetorical question to express frustration or emphasize a point?","answer":"Turn"}
{"text":["Well, what keeps you up at night?What do you worry about?","Well, I'm worried that this process is getting chaotic. Two and a half years ago, Great Britain had a referendum, decided to leave the European Union. But it did not decide what kind of future relationship it wanted with the 27 member states.","And because this was all about free trade, you have to know that half of the trade of Great Britain is with the other 27 EU member states, and the other half is with other countries in the world, foremost among them, the U. S.  and China. We're one year and four months into the negotiation process. And here, finally, is the proposal of Great Britain - what future relations should be. That's a bit late in the process. This particular proposal should have been there on day one.","Now, at the moment, there are 3 million EU citizens living in Great Britain, and about 1. 2 million British live in EU countries. Their rights are undefined, so it's not clear what they can do. And as you get closer to the deadline, these people are really worried. And by the way, there are industries in which there are quite a few foreigners, so if you take them out all at once, you may also have a problem keeping it going.","In the Netherlands, we know we have 30,000 businesses, mostly small and medium enterprises, that export only to EU countries, Great Britain included. That means that they've never seen a Customs and Excise control officer. They will have to get used to go through Customs and Excise."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Great Britain's process of leaving the EU is chaotic","questions":"What is PersonA worried about in regards to the future relationship between Great Britain and the 27 EU member states?","answer":"Future"}
{"text":["You know, it's the - there's not formal groups that kind of, you know, identify themselves. They don't have a problem with some other towns in the South where there's like, you know, revived Klan groups and such. I'm aware of the SPLC's research and such. But it's more - I think it's less formal than that but it's probably no less prevalent.","One of the things I'd like to ask you, because you're a person who has been writing about this and the photographs have been printed and seen around the country - the role of the media in covering this, does it make it better, does it make it worst?","Well, I think that really depends on, you know, literally what skin you're in, you know?A lot of the - many of the black folks in that town are very happy to see outside attention brought, they hoped that that scrutiny is going to force some changes down there. But by the same token many of the white folks are just outraged and they think that, you know, this is outsiders meddling in their affairs and they ought to just get their nose out of their business. There was the local Methodist preacher the last time I was there a month ago who told me that I was no better than a Christ killer but you know, you just kind of have to have thick skin.","Howard, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The white people in the town are not happy about outsiders paying attention to their affairs","questions":"How do the white people in the town feel about outsiders paying attention to their affairs?","answer":"Outraged"}
{"text":["Again, I don't sign off on absolutely everything Nancy Pelosi, Donald Trump, Mitch McConnell, Chuck Schumer or Kevin McCarthy may tweet or declare. I don't. I'm not the endorser of anyone. And I have pushed back on statements that I do believe do exacerbate the very climate and culture that I just referenced. Indeed. But to put the onus exclusively on the president when on the other side of the aisle there are calls of uber-racism and absolutely. . .","When has Nancy Pelosi ever told anybody to go back where they came from?","No, Nancy Pelosi hasn't told anyone to come back where they came from. But there have been policies and exacerbated hyperbole in rhetoric as it pertains to statements made on both sides - Democrats and Republicans - that have led to this sort of climate. So to put the onus exclusively on the president would not be fair. Are there things the president has stated or tweeted that I have disagreed with?Absolutely. But the same thing on the other side of the aisle.","What do you see as your role in the days ahead?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker does not endorse everything politicians tweet but criticizes some statements as exacerbating culture and climate (score: 4)","questions":"What does the speaker criticize?","answer":"Politicians"}
{"text":["But what he did is he went out and explained the policy to the public and rationalized it, basically provided the sort of intellectual underpinnings for Greenspan's policies in two important areas. One, that they shouldn't target speculative bubbles, so that justified not doing anything about the housing market. And two, arguing that there was what they referred to as a global savings glut, which justified a big spending binge in the United States.","The argument was that China doesn't spend enough. The rest of Asia doesn't spend enough. If the world economy is not going to go into recession, it's up to the American consumer to keep demand up. So we shouldn't worry too much if American saving rates is zero and America's on a spending binge.","In retrospect, both of those arguments, you know, seem to be if not completely wrong, certainly very questionable given where they got us. And Bernanke, you know, played an important role in coming up with them. So sure, he's partly responsible for the Greenspan policies. But not totally, as I say. Greenspan was the senior policy maker.","Now in retrospect, it was just a few months ago, but still it seems like a long time ago. A lot of people are saying that the decision that Bernanke and Paulson made to let Lehman Brothers fail was really key because that really led to the credit markets freezing up. And so, why did Bernanke, why did he decide to let Lehman go under?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Bernanke rationalized Greenspan's policies even though they were questionable","questions":"Which policies did Bernanke rationalize?","answer":"Greenspan's"}
{"text":["You got a sinus infection but you taking a yeast infection medicine figuring if you lay down, it'll work its way up.","Do you believe in Mars and Venus, the whole idea that men and women are totally different?","I really do. And if I can get women to understand that every man that sleeps with you is not going to love you, then half of us will be all right.","What about the other half?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Again, \"half\" is not literal. It just means many women.","questions":"What does the word \"half\" refer to in turn 3?","answer":"Women"}
{"text":["Oh, God.","We figured there was a problem.","Long time ago. Listen, if functioning addicts are operating below the radar, I assume that they generally don't want people to know about their addiction. How much of a problem is it for them to maintain their anonymity?","It's frightening. I think that, you know, when you live in quiet desperation and there's always the person that's hiding their alcohol or around the corner drinking what they do, others, with their medications or their pills. They don't want other folks to find out. I mean, it's a quiet illness until finally people do notice. But there's fear around it. I mean, fear of being caught of fear of being tested or ultimately, when the body gives out, secondary complications where physicians will say what are you using, what are you doing for your organs to be giving out like this. So there's ultimately not only denial that's going on, but obviously, a lot of pain that goes with it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A and the others are aware of the problem.","questions":"How did PersonA describe the fear surrounding functioning addicts?","answer":"Frightening"}
{"text":["I was - I did an interview on a radio station where one of the leaders of the class war was on there. They've protested outside housing developments. They've protested outside banks before and they get absolutely nowhere with it, but as soon as they threw paint on our shop, they hit the headlines. So I think they got what they wanted.","Why did you open up in this neighborhood?","Shoreditch is a really creative part of London. There's a lot of - new businesses start right around here and a lot of creative businesses as well. So it just seemed like our brand and what we wanted to do fitted in really well here.","And what do you serve?I said $5 bowls of cereal, but expand on that menu if you could."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The implied meaning of this turn is: Was there any particular reason for choosing this neighbourhood for your business?","questions":"Which leader's protest did PersonA talk about in the interview?","answer":"Class"}
{"text":["Well, the French have the best intelligence and penetration of their communities in Europe. So there's going to be, as Eleanor said, a search for accomplices. The eight gunmen were killed. Seven of them blew themselves up with suicide belts, and one was shot. And Hollande restricted border access right away last night 'cause there's this concern that suspects or accomplices could escape. So this is actually exactly what happened during the Charlie Hebdo attacks in Paris earlier this year. You'll recall there was a gunman who took hostages in a kosher market. And police were searching for a woman that was with him. It turns out to be his wife. And as they were searching for her, she suddenly surfaced in Syria with ISIS. So they've put all these travel restrictions in place in hopes of avoiding a repeat of that.","Dina, France bristles with visible security. This is the second major attack in a year. What makes France this target?","Well, there's sort of a perfect storm going on in France. It's the third highest - it has the third highest number of foreign fighters who've gone to Syria from Europe. About 200 of those people have returned to France. And that's just too many people to keep an eye on. I mean, in fact, during the Charlie Hebdo attacks, they said one of the reasons why they stopped watching the Charlie Hebdo attackers was because they thought they had more severe threats that they needed to keep an eye on.","NPR's Dina Temple-Raston, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The French government is taking extra steps to ensure that any potential accomplices do not escape.","questions":"What is the reason for Hollande restricting border access?","answer":"Suspects"}
{"text":["NPR's Tovia Smith has been following the story from Boston and joins us now. Tovia, let's begin with what you saw in court today.","Well, Felicity Huffman actually broke down in tears in court as she explained to the judge that her daughter knew nothing about the scam and that her daughter's accommodation for extra time on tests was legit. But she then pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit mail fraud, admitting that she paid $15,000 to get her daughter's SAT scores boosted by having someone correct the answers after the daughter took the test.","And we know Huffman is among the most high-profile of defendants, along with the other Hollywood star Lori Loughlin, but another parent also pleaded guilty in court today, and that is LA businessman Devin Sloane, who was involved in a different angle of this scam. He paid bribes to get his son recruited to the USC water polo team even though the son was never a competitive player. And the dad went so far as to get someone to photoshop pictures of his son to look like he was. And he paid $250,000 in bribes that were disguised as charitable donations.","Sloane and Huffman are among 20 parents, coaches, others to plead guilty. What are they hoping for?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"broke down in tears\" - Literal meaning: Felicity Huffman physically collapsed into tears. Actual meaning: Felicity Huffman became emotional and started crying.","questions":"How did Felicity Huffman react in court?","answer":"cried"}
{"text":["What about the new government in Kiev. They issued a statement which is, as you described - at least through the translation - sounds like fighting words. What's their reaction been?","Well, there's not been more reaction than that except to say that earlier today, the Ukrainian president, the acting Ukrainian president accused Russia of trying to provoke a military conflict. This was before the vote in the Russian Parliament. And he referred to Russia's action in the past in other former Soviet regions with large Russian populations and said that Moscow's approach in Crimea is very similar to what Russia did before invading in other former Soviets areas.","So, a great sense of concern, a great sense of uncertainty of what will come next. It's not clear whether this is a still a political game or this is military brinksmanship.","And we're told, for example, that the U. N.  had I guess special representative Robert Sery was in Russia. He was supposed to head to the Crimea. Anything you've heard about negotiations to talk this thing through?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The implied meaning is that the Ukrainian president accused Russia of trying to provoke a military conflict, and that this accusation is related to Russia's actions in Crimea and in other former Soviet regions with large Russian populations. The literal meaning is consistent with this implied meaning.","questions":"What did the Ukrainian president accuse Russia of?","answer":"Conflict"}
{"text":["Sure. So one rule that was actually finalized on Halloween at about 4:30 or so on a Friday has to do with confined animal feeding operations, and those are industrial farms. And basically it allows the companies that run those farms to voluntarily apply for permits to discharge waste from these industrial farms into streams, rivers and things like that. The sort of catch is that there is not really much enforcement in terms of whether, you know, the farm that's applying for the permit actually discharges enough waste to apply for that permit. So it really leaves a lot - a great degree of the discretion onto the industry itself. So that's one. . .","So it's deregulation?","Right.","Of course, the financial deregulation issue, whether or not - how much financial industry should be regulated is a big issue, but also, in California, you had a whole look and a proposition that passed that was about this kind of issue, about how densely animals should be kept together. But you mentioned reproductive freedom. What is the regulation change on that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The permit system for industrial farms is flawed and allows companies to discharge waste into streams and rivers without much enforcement.","questions":"How does the permit system for industrial farms work?","answer":"Voluntarily"}
{"text":["I'm Tony Cox, and this is NEWS AND NOTES. On today's Africa update, is Somalia the forgotten crisis?Plus, Spain indicts 40 Rwandan military officers for genocide. And HIV positive men get arrested in Egypt. For more, we've got Bill Fletcher. He is a Senior Scholar with the Institute for Policy Studies and former president of TransAfrica Forum. Bill, nice to talk to you again.","I'm glad to be back.","Let's start with Somalia. United Nations Agency UNICEF says the lives of up to 15,000 children are at risk in Somalia unless emergency aid arrives in the next few weeks. It also says children in Somalia are more at risk than children anywhere else in the world. Now since fighting in the capital Mogadishu began nearly six months ago, thousands have fled the city and are living in refugee camps. They are facing starvation and disease. Question number one: Why does Somalia have such a pressing humanitarian crisis right now?","Well, as you know, Somalia has been in a state of almost constant turmoil since 1991 when Siad Barre was overthrown and a clan-based civil war unfolded. And the Somali state, there was no government. It basically collapsed and had been non existent basically until the union of Islamic Courts - an Islamist group - took over power years ago."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Somalia has been in a state of almost constant turmoil\" is a figurative expression, as \"state of turmoil\" is a metaphorical way of describing the ongoing conflict and instability in Somalia. \"Collapsed and had been non-existent\" is also figurative language, as the country still existed physically but lacked a functioning government.","questions":"Which expressions in turn 3 are figurative language?","answer":"State,collapsed"}
{"text":["Why they're talking about it is because they feel they have to talk about it. The government of Bangladesh wants the bulk of these people to return. They also would be feeling some domestic pressures in this area, as well. And the government of Burma, I think, is feeling some of the pressure from the international community and feels some need to be responsive. But the real story here is this is horrifying, this discussion, to be taking place right now, given the complete absence of measures in place to ensure safety and security upon return.","As I understand it, the Rohingya, according to this agreement, will be moved from the camps in Bangladesh to a camp in Myanmar where there could be security concerns.","Oh yeah, there are no safeguards in place. There - been no serious discussion of safeguards for return. You have to realize that we're talking about one of the greatest crimes in recent memory - massive abuses, forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of people in a matter of weeks.","There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N.  official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The government of Myanmar is not allowing international monitors to oversee the situation.","questions":"What country is barring international monitors from overseeing the situation?","answer":"Myanmar"}
{"text":["His family life has gotten more attention than maybe he wanted, right?","Well, yeah, sort of. Bill de Blasio's wife, Chirlane McCray, wrote an article way back in the 1970s about why she was a lesbian. And this was considered back in 1979 a little outside the box. And it surfaced again in recent months. And when asked about it, you know, they say, look, we are happily married, we have two adorable kids - here are their pictures - and that's all we have to say about it. And it was a very interesting moment to show the city, really show the world, how the conversation has changed about this. What could have been a career-ending disclosure 20 or 30 years ago wasn't much of a story at all.","And maybe we should note, Christine Quinn is married is to her partner of longstanding.","Yes, indeed. If elected, she would not just be the first woman mayor of New York City, she would be the first openly gay or lesbian official elected citywide in New York's history.","On the Republican side, there is a very strong candidate."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The speaker is implying that Bill de Blasio and Chirlane McCray have had to navigate a lot of scrutiny in their family life due to the article written by Chirlane in the 1970s.","questions":"What has been the focus of scrutiny in Bill de Blasio and Chirlane McCray's family life?","answer":"Article"}
{"text":["As the 2018 NFL season begins, professional football is still the most popular spectator sport in America. But it's declined 10 percent in viewership last year and is beset with tough questions about how the game destroys players while it earns billions of dollars and a continuing controversy over players demonstrating their social and political concerns during the national anthem. A sport once considered a source of national unity now inspires divisions.","Mark Leibovich, The New York Times Magazine correspondent who got the goods on official Washington, D. C. , in his bestselling \"This Town,\" has turned his attention to the National Football League - his new book, \"Big Game: The NFL In Dangerous Times. \"He's in our studios. Mark, thanks so much for being with us.","Good to be here, Scott.","I have to ask you a hard news question first. An arbitrator ruled this week Colin Kaepernick's grievance against NFL owners could go to trial. He says NFL owners have been colluding to keep him out of the game. Does this case have what I'll call Mueller-like potential?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Professional football's viewership has declined and the game is controversial, despite its ongoing popularity in America.","questions":"Which sport's popularity is still high despite a decline in viewership and ongoing controversy?","answer":"Football"}
{"text":["But what he did is he went out and explained the policy to the public and rationalized it, basically provided the sort of intellectual underpinnings for Greenspan's policies in two important areas. One, that they shouldn't target speculative bubbles, so that justified not doing anything about the housing market. And two, arguing that there was what they referred to as a global savings glut, which justified a big spending binge in the United States.","The argument was that China doesn't spend enough. The rest of Asia doesn't spend enough. If the world economy is not going to go into recession, it's up to the American consumer to keep demand up. So we shouldn't worry too much if American saving rates is zero and America's on a spending binge.","In retrospect, both of those arguments, you know, seem to be if not completely wrong, certainly very questionable given where they got us. And Bernanke, you know, played an important role in coming up with them. So sure, he's partly responsible for the Greenspan policies. But not totally, as I say. Greenspan was the senior policy maker.","Now in retrospect, it was just a few months ago, but still it seems like a long time ago. A lot of people are saying that the decision that Bernanke and Paulson made to let Lehman Brothers fail was really key because that really led to the credit markets freezing up. And so, why did Bernanke, why did he decide to let Lehman go under?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The decision to let Lehman Brothers fail was a key factor in the credit market freeze","questions":"Which event led to the credit market freeze?","answer":"Lehman"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, since the first century, it becomes sort of the core element of Christian prayer. Obviously, there's a huge amount of diversity today among different groups of Christians and in antiquity. Likewise, there is a huge amount of variation. But in the Gospel of Matthew and in the Gospel of Luke, it's used to teach Jesus's followers the right way of praying - sort of the model for prayer.","And so why is it that the pope is supportive of the change?I do want to note that it's not that he wrote it. It was approved by the - maybe he did. I don't know. But it was approved by the General Assembly of the Episcopal Conference of Italy last month, and the pope has approved it. But I do understand that he said back in 2017 that he thought the wording should be altered. Why is that?What does he think this new wording does that the old one did not?","Well, the old wording - lead us not into temptation - can imply that God has some hand in leading people into sin or allowing people to sin or tempting them. And so I think the pope is uncomfortable with that idea, which is fair enough.","And now to your view of it because you are an expert in, among other things, the Greek New Testament. So tell me your concern - or is it an objection to it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : When A says 'there's a huge amount of diversity today among different groups of Christians and in antiquity', they mean that different groups of Christians have different prayer practices.","questions":"How has the diversity among different groups of Christians affected their prayer practices?","answer":"Prayer"}
{"text":["So if we're negotiating in public, we're not really negotiating at all.","That's correct. What we're doing is playing chicken, all kinds of games with each other. It's just a mess. You know, whenever you get to the entitlements, and so everybody knows, I'm out of the Senate three years and a half, but I was there for 36 years, and much of my work was budgeting. If I were there, I would be right in the middle of this. You would have been hearing from me for the last two years, and you'd be tired of my voice.","And you, Neal, would have had me on so many times, you would have said I don't want you anymore.","Well, I doubt that, Senator."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning is that the speaker would have appeared on a media outlet many times. The actual meaning is that the speaker would have been very vocal and persistent on the issue, possibly annoying the media host.","questions":"How would you describe the PersonA's behavior on the issue?","answer":"Vocal"}
{"text":["Well, that Times story illustrates a couple of points, one of which it promptly got the Times banned, that edition.","It did. Yes, which is predictable.","Yeah. I think they knew that. And no one's above the law. This guy's family has got $2. 7 billion.","And that's the whole point. It's why that's such a striking quote for someone to say that no one is above the law. The fact of the matter, in China, the Communist Party is above the law. The courts follow what the party says in any sort of politically sensitive case. There is no rule of law. And so how you actually solve this problem is very, very difficult, especially with a party that does not want to share power, that feels that it can police itself. But increasingly, if you talk to ordinary Chinese, they don't feel that way. They do - even by blocking the Times site, most people don't know that story, but they do know the story of many other officials who have done wrong, you know, have done bad things. And so there is, I think, an emerging crisis of confidence in the party, particularly around the issue of corruption."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"And no one's above the law. This guy's family has got $2.7 billion.\" - Literal meaning: The person's wealth is irrelevant to the statement that no one is above the law. Actual meaning: None. This turn is meant literally.","questions":"How much money does this guy's family have?","answer":"$2.7"}
{"text":["From NPR News, it's Day to Day. Later tonight, I will be hosting dinner at my house with friends I invited, which hopefully will keep the meal mellow because we all tend to see eye to eye on most things.","But not everyone is as lucky. If you find yourself sharing a table today with family or friends who don't share your political views, well, fret not. Slate. com's chief political correspondent John Dickerson has put together some ammunition to help you should the conversation turn to politics. He joins us now from his home in Washington, D. C.  Hi, John.","Hello. Happy Thanksgiving.","And to you as well. John, you have for Slate provided backup to both sides of the argument on a number of topics. Let's start off with the financial crisis. Now, let's say that your Aunt Edna is a Democrat and your cousin Joe is a Republican. What argument can each of them make over the pumpkin pie as to who's to blame for all this mess?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Even though your family members have different political affiliations, they can still discuss the financial crisis over pumpkin pie.","questions":"How can family members with different political affiliations discuss the financial crisis?","answer":"Discuss"}
{"text":[". . . near-Earth objects, and they are very, very useful.","Yeah. What kind of metal?You looking for platinum, gold?What's the holy grail here?","Well, there's lots of different types of asteroids, and each type has a different concentration of different types of elements. So a certain type of asteroid is very high in nickel and iron. Those are useful, ultimately. Another type is very high in water, which is extremely useful. Other volatiles as well, things like methane, which you know better as natural gas.","Let me stop you there for a minute because we have plenty of water on this planet. I mean, do we have to go to an asteroid to mine it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker in (2) is implying that they are looking for something rare and valuable, such as precious metals or other valuable resources, rather than simply asking what type of metal they are looking for.","questions":"How is the concentration of elements on different types of asteroids described in the dialogue?","answer":"Different"}
{"text":["The government sets the interest rates and so the banks can make a lot money. And if you're a Chinese person, you can't really get much of your capital out of the country. So where else are you going to put it?","One of the problems with the banks is that they tend to invest in state-owned enterprises. It's kind of part of their job, and it's less risky. But most of the jobs in China are really produced by private enterprise, as they are here in the United States. And it's much harder for them to get capital. So people are, in many ways, feelings that the economy is out of whack in a number ways and that there need to be some serious changes. The government knows this, but there are now very strong vested interests in state-owned enterprises and the banks. And so getting that done is not going to be easy politically.","And even some of those big industries who are in the, I guess, the equivalent of a China's Pittsburgh, the Steel City, and a couple of vast enterprises there, well, they've gone under.","The over-capacity in the steel is extraordinary, and the debt now is over $400 billion. It's actually owned by steel companies largely to Chinese banks. And it's going to take years to work through that over-capacity."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Chinese steel industry's overcapacity and debt are significant problems","questions":"Which industry is facing overcapacity and debt in China?","answer":"steel"}
{"text":["Now, in both the Enron case and the Madoff situation, they're very different in some ways, but they both benefited at least for a time from the fact that a lot of people don't understand finance, and it's very difficult to understand. What do you think people need to do who are not financiers to understand why is it important to even understand the issue of finance, white-collar crime, and all of this?","White-collar crime matters because it affects all of us. Even if you happen to be a blue-collar person, you undoubtedly get affected one way or another - your investments, your company, your suppliers, your neighbors. Everyone gets affected by serious white-collar crime, and the old joke is, right, you walk into a bank with a gun, steal $50,000, they send you away for 10 years. You steal $50 million in some sort of white-collar crime thing, and you get, you know, five minutes and a warning from the judge.","I mean, that's an exaggeration. But that's the kind of thing that for years has annoyed people, including me. And somehow the - because there's been now so much of the stuff has surfaced, and there's such conscientiousness about it and in the case of Madoff largely because he scammed people that members of the media know. So you get really angry when your friends go down. I mean, I don't have any friends who were in there, but a lot of people in my business. . .","Right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : not crime that deals with clothing or white shirt collars, but non-violent crime involving corruption or fraud; blue-collar does not refer to clothing but jobs that involve more labor and movement","questions":"How does white-collar crime differ from blue-collar jobs?","answer":"corruption"}
{"text":["Few years ago, I was fortunate enough to address a convention of political cartoonists in the United States. And they kept pointing out, you know, we used to have a lot of people here. Now we're down to just a few dozen.","I know. And I've been to those conventions. And I'm actually a member of the board of the Association of American Cartoonists (ph). And I've been always struck by their pessimism (ph). But I'm still very positive about the genre. In this world of short attention span, the power of images has never been so big. And it's also a time when the media need to renew themselves.","But we must stop being afraid of offended people because the whole controversy that was triggered a month ago by that cartoon, I think it should have encouraged a discussion, explaining why this cartoon was wrong, how it's run, what is cartooning, and there was no space for that. I think The New York Times had to deal with a huge storm triggered by social media. We need to be able to withstand this and to go back to putting things into perspective.","Patrick Chappatte, editorial cartoonist, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The convention of political cartoonists in the United States has significantly decreased in attendance.","questions":"Which convention is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Convention"}
{"text":["You know, it's - well, my wife and I are just trying to adjust to whatever kind of a Christmas that we can have. To have this on top of all our - all the other stress and pressures going on, it's just overwhelming.","Originally, the value of your condominium was more than $200,000. Do you have any idea what it might fetch today at this auction?","I believe that the lenders are going to probably try to get the most that they can from it. So there's probably a good chance that no - there may be no takers for it. But I can tell you that the surrounding condos that are similar to that are going for well below 100,000.","So you've known for a while now that it was going to go up for auction today. How have you been getting ready for this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Auction price will be low and very high","questions":"What will be the range of auction price?","answer":"Low\/high"}
{"text":["Well, it's very important when dealing with Iran understanding that they're not an ally of the United States. They are an adversary. They're - one, that they're a nation that is the world's largest state sponsor of terror. We often talk about the nuclear activity of Iran over the course last several years - but other activities where they've developed ICBMs in violation of international treaties and Security Council resolutions where they have worked to help the Houthis overthrow a foreign government in Yemen trying to build a land bridge across the Middle East to the West. They call Israel the little Satan and America the great Satan. And the list goes on.","So in dealing with Iran and understanding that they're an adversary, we also have to approach them knowing that they don't respect weakness. They only respect strength. And we're talking about the Iranian regime. . .","OK.",". . . Because Iran's filled with millions of very - you know, good people who want a free, stable, prosperous, democratic country for themselves. They've wanted it for a long time. So the administration's approach is with eyes wide open understanding this adversarial threat. And with regards to the leverage that brought the Iranians to the table in the first place, the problem with the JCPOA included - well, several things. One was sunset provisions, issues with the verification regime. So, you know, but I'd love to see which way you want to go from there because. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Israel the little Satan and America the great Satan implies that the two countries do acts that Iran greatly disapproves of. ","questions":"Which two countries are referred to as \"the little Satan\" and \"the great Satan\" by Iran?","answer":"Israel,America"}
{"text":["(Laughter) Yeah. I don't think that it's a straight line from smoking marijuana to fanaticism or radicalization. But I do think that there's something that happens to boys becoming men that is a series of rites of passage and tampering or becoming involved with illicit drugs or having sex. Or any of these taboo things are some of these portals that kids go through, boys especially. And fanaticism to me, as I was witnessing it in a global way, was the last portal. And I wanted to write something that charted these transitions from just a little bit outside the line to a little bit more outside the line until finally there is no way back.","The Boston Marathon bombings are an important touchstone in this book. And they're felt personally by Alireza's friends in Laguna Beach.","That's something that I thought about a lot when I was sort of following the story of the Boston Marathon bombings and how it was to be Muslim in this country and to be a Muslim man in a place that's already slightly turned against you. But I imagined a situation in which someone in your very close community was affected by an act of terrorism, and you are of the Muslim family, what the ramifications would be like in that community.","And I took it a few steps further and then did research and found that it wasn't that uncommon for people who were related to, you know, Russian immigrants or children of Muslims or practicing Muslims to experience racism in high school afterwards. It tends to be that people are looking for someone to blame."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Boston Marathon bombings had a deep, personal impact on Alireza's friends in Laguna Beach.","questions":"How were Alireza's friends in Laguna Beach affected by the Boston Marathon bombings?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["Yes. You know, you will talk to Republicans and Democrats who will make very passionate cases that the other party will be to blame in this shutdown. I think shutdown politics are tricky. For one, we have a recent one in memory. The 2013 shutdown was largely driven by Texas Senator Ted Cruz, a member of the Republican Party. Republicans were seen as responsible for that shutdown. They went on to win big in the following midterm elections.","So the idea that being seen as the party that shuts down government will have electoral consequences, I'm not so sure Democrats view it that way.","Yeah. And the last shutdown lasted 16 days.","It lasted 16 days. If this one lasts as long as that, we will also be in a very interesting situation because President Trump's State of the Union address is 10 days from now. And I - my mind. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker implies that if the shutdown lasts as long as 16 days, it will create an interesting situation due to the upcoming State of the Union address.","questions":"What will create an interesting situation if the shutdown lasts as long as 16 days?","answer":"State"}
{"text":["We're approaching the 16th anniversary of U. S.  troops serving in Afghanistan. It's been a little more than a month since President Trump announced a new strategy to send more U. S.  troops as advisers to the Afghan military as it tries to train its own soldiers. Our Pentagon correspondent Tom Bowman has been in and out of Afghanistan for the past decade. He's there again with U. S.  Marines checking out how things seem to be going. He joins us now from the Helmand Province. Tom, thanks so much for being with us.","You're welcome, Scott.","What have you noticed in your time with the Afghan troops?","Well, Scott, I was here last year with the U. S.  Army, and they were advising the Afghan army at a higher level. And now with the Marines here, about 300 Marines, they saw the need to help the Afghans down at a lower level, closer to the front lines. And they're actually going out to Afghan bases, something you didn't see the army do. The American soldiers pretty much stayed on their larger base talking with Afghan generals."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Well, Scott, I was here last year with the U.S. Army, and they were advising the Afghan army at a higher level. And now with the Marines here, about 300 Marines, they saw the need to help the Afghans down at a lower level, closer to the front lines. And they're actually going out to Afghan bases, something you didn't see the army do. The American soldiers pretty much stayed on their larger base talking with Afghan generals.\"  In this turn, the actual implied meaning is that the Marines are actively engaging with and providing assistance to the Afghan troops at a more localized and frontline level. This is in contrast to the U.S. Army, who mainly interacted with Afghan generals from their larger base. The implied meaning is not simply about physical proximity or location but about the level of engagement and support provided by the Marines.","questions":"How are the Marines providing assistance to the Afghan troops?","answer":"Engaging"}
{"text":["Exactly. It's just something that's very hard for a rancher to fight. So. . .","Hasn't the Endangered Species Act done a lot of good?","You know, in some instances, it has. And, you know, most ranchers don't want to see everything destroyed. You've got to understand also that a rancher is basically an endangered species. We're not as numerous as we used to be. And I think that ought to concern everybody involved because everybody seems to like to eat pretty well. So I think that's something that people want to remember.","Bill Kluck, sheep committee chairman of our R-Calf USA - and he's a rancher in South Dakota. Thanks so much for being with us, sir."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Ranchers are not as abundant as they used to be.","questions":"How has the rancher population changed over time?","answer":"Decreased"}
{"text":["How quickly would we see a border closing impact the U. S.  auto industry?","Well, really, we would start to see manufacturing facilities impacted almost immediately. Most of the industry follows a just-in-time inventory strategy, which means that the parts that are needed for the vehicle are shipped to the plant as they are needed and on a continual basis. They don't maintain inventory levels at the assembly plant. So we would see a number of factories start to shut down almost immediately because they wouldn't have inventory available to keep going.","Is it possible for you to paint a picture of this for us using a specific car part, for example?","You know, there's a couple interesting ones. One, wire harnesses - these are the wires that are - that go into a vehicle. There's probably miles of these copper wires in a vehicle, very labor-intensive to put these wire harnesses together. The vast majority are made in Mexico that are used in U. S.  manufacturing. And so that's something that would be very important for a vehicle because it goes on early in the process."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The U.S. auto industry heavily relies on just-in-time inventory strategy and factories would shut down quickly if the border is closed.","questions":"What is the inventory strategy followed by the U.S. auto industry?","answer":"Continuous"}
{"text":["Like, for example, in Denmark, they have these open sandwiches that they're very famous for. And they really say a lot about, you know, Denmark as a country, being a very rich agriculture region, and you see this on these sandwiches. You know, they're fully laden with a huge spectrum of different toppings, very sort of rich and opulent sandwiches that you can't even - you know, you have to eat them from a plate with knife and a fork, right?","Yeah.","And then if you go up to where I grew up, a sandwich there would probably be more of a, you know, a piece of flatbread with a layer of butter and a layer of cheese on it that you would eat standing up. And I think it's a very interesting thing, you know, those things that, you know, are kind of a broader concept exist in a big geographic region but that vary a lot depending on where you are.","Chef Magnus Nilsson of \"The Nordic Cookbook. \"Thank you, chef."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"they really say a lot about, you know, Denmark as a country\" - This turn means that the open sandwiches are representative of Denmark's rich agricultural region, not that they literally communicate something about the country.","questions":"How do the open sandwiches in Denmark represent the country?","answer":"Represent"}
{"text":["Well, it's interesting. What you find in the data is that Trump did very well among self-described evangelicals. But he did far better among self-described evangelicals who don't regularly attend church. Cruz destroyed him amongst evangelicals who go to church regularly.","And what's also important about that is there's a lot of evidence that white Americans who don't regularly attend church do worse economically and are much more pessimistic about the state of the country. And that's also what Trump tapped into, this sense of deep pessimism about the state of the country. And that pessimism is greater among Americans who don't regularly attend religious services.","And you just - according to your article, you don't see this in just one side of the political divide, do you?","No. What's interesting is that the same divide you see between Ted Cruz and Donald Trump voters, you also saw between Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton voters. So if you look at white Democrats, white Democrats who went to church were much more - religious institutions at all - much more likely to be Hillary Clinton supporters. Bernie Sanders much more likely to win the votes of those who did not regularly attend religious institutions."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is implying that the same divide between religious people and non-religious people is present across the political spectrum, not just within one party.","questions":"How did the speaker describe the divide between voters of Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton?","answer":"Religious"}
{"text":[". . . in World War II.","Wow.","So it is a very large explosion.","Now, if you were watching Earth from Jupiter, would you see the same type of flashes in our atmosphere, because don't(ph) we get bombarded?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is impressed or surprised by what A said.","questions":"Which emotion did PersonB express in response to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Surprised"}
{"text":["Africa is a continent wanting to change something. You know, everybody have to think what to do to give best future for the Africa, give hope to the young in Africa. And African young can have hope in Africa and make something in Africa and believe in Africa.","You've seen so much of the world. But why don't you take us to your childhood in Mali. And it's a country I've always wanted to visit. I've never been there, but I love the musical traditions and the long history of it being a nation with a lot of learning. What was it like for you growing up, and when did you start playing music?","I grew up in Mali, normally, like, with mother and father, you know what I mean, a lot of brothers and sisters. We are all together in the same house and is a great time, because is really happiness and very hot. Hot relationship and then a lot of good grand, grand ambience.","Well, let me jump in and ask you, when did you start playing music?What did you start playing and how old were you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A had a happy childhood in Mali with a big family and hot weather","questions":"Which country did PersonA grow up in?","answer":"Mali"}
{"text":["After they rejected President Obama's opening offer, Republicans issued a proposal of their own yesterday, which was promptly dismissed by the White House. One group that's already worked out a series of compromises to come up with a comprehensive proposal is a nonpartisan group called Fix the Debt. It emerged from the Simpson-Bowles Commission. Its ideas include higher taxes on the wealthy and tax reform, plus changes to Social Security and Medicare.","Former Republican Senator Pete Domenici serves on the steering committee of Fix the Debt, co-chairs the Debt Reduction Task Force at the Bipartisan Policy Center, and he joins us now by phone from his office in Washington, D. C. , and it's good of you to be with us today.","Thank you very much, Neal. I do want to clarify now, I'm not - I'm associated with the Bipartisan Policy Center. We put out our budget for use by the team working for the White House and the Republicans. It's not the same as the one you just announced.","All right."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They are just acknowledging the person's answer","questions":"How did person PersonB respond to person PersonA's clarification?","answer":"alright"}
{"text":["Is there any such thing as truly pure water from any source, bottled or tap?","Well, it's called distilled water, sure. It ends up actually not tasting very good. It's funny actually - for Aquafina and Dasani and actually the major bottled water brands, that's actually tap water that is passed through very fine filters. It's called reverse osmosis. And then the water actually is too clean to taste good. So, in the industry they call it pixie dust - they put some minerals actually back into the water to improve the taste.","So, clean water tastes bad.","Well, I mean, what's clean water, right?I mean, the water that we have out of our tap is clean. The water that we have out of bottled water is clean, right?The question is do you want water that has no contaminants in it all, which would be distilled, or water that's safe to drink?And the fact is we could certainly treat water if we wanted to, to the point where there's nothing in it, but we wouldn't be willing to pay the cost."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"And the fact is we could certainly treat water if we wanted to, to the point where there's nothing in it, but we wouldn't be willing to pay the cost.\"  The literal meaning of this turn is that it is possible to treat water to the point where there are no contaminants in it, but the cost would be too high for people to be willing to pay for it. The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning, and there is no figurative language or idiomatic expression used.","questions":"What is the reason people wouldn't be willing to drink water treated to the point where there's nothing in it?","answer":"Schemers"}
{"text":["No, so Wim van Egmond is an artist, and he was trained as an artist. He was a painter at first, and he was really into painting from these scientific illustrations, biological illustrations from hundreds of years ago. And he said, well, you know, I could just do this myself. So he purchased his first microscope about 20 years ago and since then has been kind of perfecting the technique.","But when he started, you know, he was also working with film, like Roman Vishniac. And, you know, when he had to look up what he was looking at, these organisms, he was looking in reference books, things that are just unthinkable these days, of course you would just Google.","So he said that, you know, progress has gotten much faster because now you can just look and see your result immediately. You don't have to develop your film, and - you know, and so he's gotten - it sounds like he's gotten - he's sort of refined his techniques much more quickly in the days of the digital camera.","Now I know you like to limit the size of your video pick to like three or four minutes."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"he was really into painting from these scientific illustrations, biological illustrations from hundreds of years ago.\" Literal meaning: Wim van Egmond enjoyed painting scientific and biological illustrations from a long time ago. Actual meaning: Wim van Egmond was inspired by scientific and biological illustrations from the past and used them as a reference for his own artwork.","questions":"What kind of illustrations inspired Wim van Egmond?","answer":"scientific"}
{"text":["Right. We can run through who is to blame for this, but I'd rather talk about what the solution is. The sticking points are on immigration. The president wants to change the system. Are you willing to scrap, for example, the visa lottery where 50,000 visas are given out to individuals from countries who aren't represented. . .","I think we have to look at it in a comprehensive way. But the point right now is just the other day, just the other night, Mitch McConnell understood that he needed 60 votes to continue the - to pass a continuing resolution. And yet he went forward knowing he did not have the 60 votes. So it is time for the Republicans - let's be clear. They control the House. They control the Senate. They control the White House. They've got to sit down and negotiate and understand they can't get everything they want. . .","Right. But what are you asking for?What are you asking for, exactly?","What we're asking for is three things. We are asking for an annual budget which will provide equally for defense and nondefense spending. We are asking that months and months after these terrible disasters impacted Texas and Florida and Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands - that we deal with disaster relief. And we are asking what the American people want. Recent poll had 87 percent of the American people saying that DREAMers should receive, retain their legal status that Trump took away from them. And most of those folks think there should be a path toward citizenship."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Republicans need to compromise and negotiate instead of trying to get everything they want.","questions":"What is the main point of turn 2 in the dialogue?","answer":"Asking"}
{"text":["As I don't have to tell you, because you helped negotiate the Paris Agreement, the United States pulled out more than a couple of years ago.","Well, actually, the United States can legally not pull out until November of next year. We, of course, certainly expect them to do so.","Be that as it may, what can be accomplished - how much does U. S.  withdrawal hurt?","Well, you know, the fact is that what you call a U. S.  withdrawal I call a national government withdrawal. I call it a White House withdrawal. It does not represent 100% of the U. S.  economy. Sixty percent of the U. S.  economy represented by many corporations, by many states and certainly by many financial institutions continue to decarbonize because they understand it is for their own good. It is for the strength of their economy and for commercial profitability in the case of corporations. The fact is that if the United States, as a central government, wants to leave the climate agreement and not continue the policies and the incentives for decarbonization, they're shooting themselves in the foot because other countries such as China, certainly, and perhaps even India are taking advantage of that vacuum and moving in."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The United States is hurting themselves by their own actions. China and India are taking advantage of the Paris Agreement and the large amount of people that are working to save the planet from climate change.","questions":"Which countries are taking advantage of the Paris Agreement?","answer":"China"}
{"text":["So, right then, your life changed. You quit your job. You made plans to leave your family for a year and go to China.","Well, yeah. My weight had gotten so out of control that I wasn't even working at that time, unable to work.","So, when you got there seven months ago, how much did you weigh?","I weighed approximately 646 pounds."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The turn \"your life changed\" in (1) is an idiomatic expression that means a significant event or series of events that dramatically altered the course of one's life. Its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning, which would be that the person's life physically changed.","questions":"How is the turn \"your life changed\" used in the dialogue?","answer":"Idiomatic"}
{"text":["Now, I would imagine that most of these interviews took place in the South, and that most of these people were either octogenarians or something older at the time that you talked to them, were they?","Let's try centenarians.","Centenarians.","Centenarians. The oldest person I interviewed was 112 and I think the youngest was 86, a man named Christopher Sadox Wright(ph) in California. The 112-year-old, I was not able to include because she did not have all of her faculties. She didn't remember much about her family or her years as - you know, she didn't really remember much about yesterday."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Octogenarians would be someone who is at lesat 80 years old.","questions":"Which age range did PersonA mention was the youngest person he interviewed?","answer":"86"}
{"text":["No, that's a good question, but we - the chemical strengthening process actually happens after our immediate customers have cut the parts down to the size, the shape of the parts.","There's a famous story in Walter Isaacson's biography of Steve Jobs that says he actually came down at one point and demanded that Corning make him some glass for his - any truth to that?","Well, the story, we certainly, we don't comment in detail about the relationship with different customers, but the story is there in the book, and it's true.","Is there other kinds of products, now that you've discovered how popular and ubiquitous the Gorilla Glass could be - any other places we might see it showing up?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies that the answers regarding the relationship with different customers may be found in the book but no comment.","questions":"How does the speaker respond to the question about the relationship with different customers?","answer":"don't"}
{"text":["And what that piece was about, the previous show was about immigration. It was called, Immigration Stories. And the idea that we are all exiting our countries now by any means necessary, by boat, by train, by plane. And the Golden Ticket was the name of that piece, and I found an old Mexican airplane at a Mexican flea market, and I had it redone in gold leaf paint. And it's literally covered in black and brown babies.","In the sense of, I used babies because of the innocence that we think we're going to this golden place where life will be better. And when it's mounted, they're hanging out of the doors, it's just littered. And the runway is the old middle passage of all the slaves on the slave ships.","Before we let you go, of course, I have to ask what you're working on now?What are you doing in the world of acting?","Well, I've kind of got two wonderful things going for me at the same time. You know, my husband and I own the first Museum of Contemporary Art in Descartes. And this was the year he was finally recognized by the European Union. So, we've actually had an acknowledgement that a private museum exists and lives, and it's the most beautiful place in Descartes, so I'm really proud of that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"And it's literally covered in black and brown babies.\" - Here, the word \"literally\" is used for emphasis, but the statement is not to be taken literally. The airplane is not actually covered in babies, but rather has depictions of them on its exterior.","questions":"How are the babies depicted on the exterior of the airplane?","answer":"Depicted"}
{"text":["Well, I've spent my whole life - as a entrepreneur, as a mayor, as a governor - building teams, assembling talent. We've been able to accomplish things again and again that people didn't think we could do. We got to almost universal health care in Colorado. We did the methane regulations I described. We beat the NRA with tough new gun laws. This is all through that collaborative effort of building a team and getting things done. That's very different than the legislative process.","Has Chuck Schumer called you and urged you to run for Senate?","(Laughter) I've talked to Chuck Schumer, who is one of the most persuasive people, and I have more admiration for how he does his job than words can express.","You're running as a centrist, even as much of the Democratic Party is moving to the left. How do you plan to sell your ideas to an increasingly progressive party?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B questions A's ability to appeal to a progressive party","questions":"What is PersonB's concern about PersonA's political ideology?","answer":"Sell"}
{"text":["Exactly, exactly.","How often does this happen?This is quite rare, is it not?","Yeah, we haven't had an annular eclipse in the United States since 1994, and this is part of what's called a sero-cycle(ph) that repeats itself every 18 years, 11 days and six hours - but who's counting that?But it repeats itself very precisely, and so we'll have another eclipse just like this 18 years, 11 days and six hours from now.","And in a couple of weeks, there's going to be another big sky show, right?The Transit of Venus. Tell us about that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that there is another event coming up soon, not just asking for information.","questions":"Which show is PersonB referring to in turn 3?","answer":"Transit"}
{"text":["I think it is.","Oh my gosh!","I think it is.","This is a huge day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A is expressing that this is an important or significant day.","questions":"Which day?","answer":"Significant"}
{"text":["South Africa has some very liberal policies. It has a very liberal constitution on migration and immigration. I think with that, though, is a history since 1994 of xenophobia and of a backlash against that very liberal migration policy. We saw in 1994 the Inkatha Freedom Party actually really try to take physical action, or threatened to take physical action if the government failed to crack down on undocumented workers in South Africa.","We saw similarly later on that decade a study that was done by the Human Sciences Research Council, an institute for security studies in South Africa, that reported that 65 percent of South Africans were in support of forced repatriation of undocumented migrants in their country.","And so I think that history - history of violence against not just Zimbabweans, but Somalis, Mozambiquans and Angolans has just played itself out in larger and larger ways here in the last couple of weeks. And that Zimbabwe has been, I mean, Zimbabwe and South Africa, both governments, have been trying to respond to this recent wave of migration. But their responses have not been enough.","Alright. I want to move on to an interesting initiative. Physicist Steven Hawking is looking for Africa's Einstein. What he wants to do with a bunch of entrepreneurs and scientists is to create Africa's post-graduate centers for advanced math and physics, places that don't exist yet. And it's planned to cost 75 million British pounds, or over 150 million U. S.  dollars. Hawking said, quote, the world of science needs Africa's brilliant talents. So what exactly is this plan going to do?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"very liberal policies\" and \"liberal constitution\" - the literal meaning of these phrases is that South Africa has policies and a constitution that are characterized by a broad-minded or progressive approach. The implied meaning, however, is that South Africa is relatively open to immigration and migration.","questions":"What is the nature of South Africa's migration and immigration policies?","answer":"open"}
{"text":["Well, speaking of that, sir, you're the only Democrat to support President Trump's nominee for CIA director, Gina Haspel. Republican SEnator McCain won't support her. Why does she have your vote?","Gina Haspel has my vote. I sat on in intelligence, so I've been privileged as one of a hundred senators - there's only 15 of us to get to see the deep dive, if you will, into the intelligence. That gives me the comfort level I have. Forget about being a Democrat or a Republican. Here's a woman of impeccable career with the United States government, working in some of the most dangerous places in the world. She's done everything asked about. She didn't break any laws. No one said she's broken a law. They're asking her on her moral values. After 9\/11, this was the rules of engagement of what they were doing for intelligence gathering. I have not found a reason for me not to vote for the most qualified person I've ever seen come before us in that agency. She was - she was not in charge. And everyone makes it look like she made these decisions. They were not her decisions to make.","Senator Joe Manchin of West Virginia, thank you so much for speaking with us.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He worked on the intelligence committee and learned a great deal of things that most people don't know about the world.","questions":"What committee did he work on?","answer":"Intelligence"}
{"text":["So you can actually go to their job section and look for opportunities with the Office of Personnel Management using their website. Now they say that these are for non-career positions, whether in the White House, or in any federal department, agency, or commission. So this is interesting. I mean you just fill out the form below and you know, right on this website. I'm looking at it right now, and submit if you think you should be working for Obama and Biden.","It looks like - and other folks on NPR have spoken about this as well. There are so many questions - basically you have to have apparently lived a life of a saint in order to be able to pass some of these. . .","Some way of putting it.","Litmus tests. I mean is that really true or does it just seem that way because they really ask you basically have you ever jaywalked, have you ever - of course, not literally, but kind of.","Right, right. Well, I mean the point is this. Look, why waste time?I mean they're going to do what they need to do to process applications the way the federal government would do anyway. So why waste the time?The point is be transparent. I think what they're also trying to say here is send a message, be transparent with us because we're going to find out one way or the other. We're going to look at - if we really seriously are looking at considering hiring somebody, we're going to look at their online footprint, and I do think that they actually do mean that. They are going to look at that online footprint."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Applicants should be honest and transparent about their online presence because the government will check.","questions":"How should applicants be about their online presence?","answer":"Transparent"}
{"text":["First of all, as a citizen, every person who died there - it doesn't matter. Israeli or Palestinian - it's heartbreaking. But from the other side, just imagine you have to protect yourself. And I think Israel protected herself.","Weren't there are a lot of innocent people, though, and children certainly unarmed?","I don't know. I know that 60 people - or something like that - got killed. And it's heartbreaking. But 50 of them were terror members of the Hamas. This is what the Hamas said. But let's talk about art.","All right. What do you hope Americans will learn watching \"Fauda\"?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker thinks that innocent people and children were killed in the conflict","questions":"Which side protected themselves according to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Israel"}
{"text":["Good morning.","The White House - rather, the House and the Senate worked out the differences between their tax bills. What are some of the highlights of this final legislation?","There are big cuts for corporations in here, also for pass-through businesses, where owners pay taxes as an individual. There are individual tax cuts. Those by and large go more toward wealthy earners. And those tax cuts will expire in 2025. But Republicans made a calculation here that whoever's in control of Congress next decade will not be super thrilled to raise taxes on a lot of voters. So that's that.","I think it's worth noting that Republicans all along sold this as not just tax cuts but a simplification of the tax code. You heard President Trump and House Speaker Paul Ryan say, you can file your taxes on a postcard. By and large, they did not simplify the tax code here. There are still seven brackets. There's still a lot of deductions, a lot of loopholes, a lot of language. So. . .","Five hundred pages."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : This implies that there's a lot of deduction or loopholes in the tax code.","questions":"How many pages is the final legislation?","answer":"Five"}
{"text":["Well, so far, they've gotten houses in Jeddah, a city on the Red Sea in Saudi Arabia. They've also gotten monthly stipends, or monthly payments, of about $10,000 to $15,000 per month.","Although it sounds like, from your reporting, that's just the beginning. You report negotiations for possible larger payments. What would they be?","Yeah. So this is - this happens in sort of two stages. These were payments that were approved by the king late last year for the family. But going forward, you know, there are cases; there are prosecutions underway in Saudi Arabia. When those conclude, there would be an opening for discussions for far more money. And that's where you get into the real sort of blood money situation or scenario. Those could be millions and millions of dollars (inaudible). . .","Now, we should just underline that. I mean, we understand, from civil lawsuits in the United States, the idea of punitive damages. Blood money, I guess, is somewhat similar but also different. This is a way to wipe away a killing rather than the family of the victim having to seek revenge. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) implies that there is a possibility of further financial compensation beyond the previously approved payments, while","questions":"How does blood money differ from punitive damages?","answer":"Reconciliation"}
{"text":["We were with addicts on the street as they were having encounters with law enforcement. We were in treatment centers with people trying to kick the addiction. There's this one phenomenal picture of five inmates. They're all pregnant and being let in to get their methadone and things like that. We were in in drug courts, where people were being dealt with by the criminal justice system.","I think one of the reasons that it's gotten so much attention is because of the spareness with which we report it. We just report anecdote after anecdote after anecdote after anecdote over seven days. And anybody who reads it cannot come away without understanding how deep and how pernicious and how totally involving of our society this epidemic is.","Are there things that happen in Cincinnati every day that people walk past that you wanted to use this opportunity to share with?","Well, yes, I mean, in the sense that we wanted people to understand that this is going on all around them. Heroin is not a demographic or racial or any socioeconomic status - however you want to put it - drug. Its terrible reach is universal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The severity of the opioid crisis affects people of all backgrounds and has far-reaching consequences.","questions":"What is the universal aspect of heroin's reach?","answer":"opioid"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Well, Mayor Belangia, good luck. I hope I see Oriental someday. It sounds like a lovely place.","Please do. You will fall in love with it.","And I'll bring a loaf of bread for you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is expressing well-wishes to Mayor Belangia, but may not actually intend to visit Oriental or bring bread. The statement is likely meant to be polite or humorous.","questions":"Which statement may not reflect the PersonA's actual intentions?","answer":"Oriental"}
{"text":["Honestly, it looks totally different than a Porsche looks like today. It looks more like a carriage.","Now, why was this powered by electricity as opposed to gas?","In the time when Ferdinand Porsche invented the first cars, there were three engine types competing to each other. This was gas, steam and the other engine was electrical power. And for Ferdinand Porsche, his true interest was in the field of electricity, and so he was very keen on creating very efficient electrical cars.","Efficient, so that was a consideration even then, in 1898?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), B's question implies that there is a specific reason or advantage for using electricity instead of gas to power the vehicle. The underlying meaning could be that B wants to explore the advantages or benefits of electric power in comparison to gas power.","questions":"What was one of the engine types that competed with gas and steam in the time when Ferdinand Porsche invented the first cars?","answer":"Electrical"}
{"text":["But the important part for the corals is that these things are wonderful eating machines. They move slowly across the reef. They actually invert their stomach onto the corals and dissolve the coral tissue, you know, digesting it as they go. And they leave (technical difficulties) white behind them as they move forward.","So they're like little bulldozers.","Yeah, it's sort of like bulldozers. It's almost more like having a wave of people with flamethrowers going through the brush. You know, the coral physically is left behind, but it's all dead.","Do they have any natural enemies that might, you know, come out and eat them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They are not literally bulldozers, but they move like them.","questions":"What do the little bulldozer-like creatures do to the coral tissue?","answer":"eat"}
{"text":["Finally, the Senate Judiciary Committee is expected to vote next week on the Brett Kavanaugh nomination to the Supreme Court. There were grave charges this week that surfaced, alleging that Brett Kavanaugh committed a sexual assault during high school. What do we know about this?","According to The New Yorker, a woman who knew Kavanaugh in high school notified her congresswoman, and also Senator Dianne Feinstein, that at a party back in the early '80s, Kavanaugh had held her down and tried to force himself on her. Now Kavanaugh emphatically denies that, and Feinstein didn't bring this up during the confirmation hearings.","The White House suggests this is an eleventh-hour stalling tactic. And yesterday, Chuck Grassley, the Republican chairman of the Judiciary Committee, released a letter signed by 65 women who say they knew Kavanaugh in high school and testifying to his good character.","NPR's Scott Horsley, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Feinstein didn't bring up the sexual assault allegations during the confirmation hearings, possibly to use it as a stalling tactic.","questions":"How did Feinstein possibly use the sexual assault allegations during the confirmation hearings?","answer":"Stalling"}
{"text":["Well, I think we're certainly more prepared than we were back in 2016. I think what this did is alerted our agency, as well as election officials across the country, of the dangers and the vulnerabilities that their systems may have with respect to a cyber breach. So I think it's a lesson learned. And I think cybersecurity is something that everybody is taking very seriously, as they should, and are taking steps to prevent future attacks. Many election jurisdictions are in the same position as those in Illinois - with limited funds and a massive problem with respect to maintaining cybersecurity. No system of any type can be completely impregnable. So you're facing those odds to begin with.","Are you getting the help you need?I mean, obviously, states fund this. Should the federal government step in to help?I mean, are they taking it seriously enough?And what is it that you're asking for?","Well, I think they're taking it seriously. We've received assistance from the Department of Homeland Security. With respect to funding, Congress recently appropriated approximately $380 million to the states. Illinois received about $13. 2 million. It's a start, but we feel that cybersecurity is going to be an ongoing thing. So we're hoping that more funds will be forthcoming in the years ahead.","Steve Sandvoss, executive director of the Illinois Board of Elections, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The systems are capable of being penetrated by someone.","questions":"How did the 2016 election impact election officials across the country?","answer":"Vulnerabilities"}
{"text":["(Reading) I pace the cell to think. I pace to relieve tension. I lightly box the walls. My knuckles have calluses on them from boxing the wall. I do pushups on my fists. I don't have deep thoughts. I'm practical. I get through the day the way I have done a thousand times. Will this be the day I break?I push that thought away. Mind over matter. I keep moving so later I can sleep sometime.","Albert Woodfox served more than 40 years in solitary confinement in Louisiana's Angola Prison for a crime he says he didn't commit - the murder of Corrections Officer Brent Miller. Mr.  Woodfox was already serving time at Angola for armed robbery and believes he and another inmate were set up because of their prison activism as members of the Black Panther Party. His conviction for Brent Miller's murder was overturned twice. Each time, the state indicted him again. He was finally set free in 2016 after a plea deal to lesser charges. Albert Woodfox says the self-discipline instilled in him by his mother helped him through those decades alone in his cell.","I spent a lot of time reading, writing - self-education. I used the time to teach myself both criminal and civil law. And we lived on what we call an organized tier along the principles of the Black Panther Party, developing unity among the other guys on the tier. We taught guys how to read and write, which, you know, I think was my greatest achievement.","Mr.  Woodfox, how often were you gassed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is in prison and has developed coping mechanisms to get through the day. He keeps himself busy and tries not to dwell on negative thoughts.","questions":"How does PersonA relieve tension in prison?","answer":"Pace"}
{"text":["That's what bothers me. That's what bothers me big time. Whereas Obama does come across as definitely more stately, more of a statesman, more of a, you know, someone you'd want in the White House. And that's my dilemma. It's - I would love to vote Republican, but I'm just not convinced this is going to - that would fly. So it's almost like I'm going to toss a coin.","Barbara Zimmerman, an undecided, although less so, voter in Ohio. Barbara, thank you.","Thank you.","I do hear people ask of these undecideds, what are you waiting for?We're collecting answers at the show's blog, npr. org\/daydreaming. Who's undecided and why. Npr. org\/daydreaming. More to come."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A prefers Obama over the Republican candidate but is hesitant to vote for him.","questions":"How does PersonA feel about the Republican candidate?","answer":"Unconvinced"}
{"text":["Well, I think the principal thing is to mention the new courtroom, which I visited for the first time yesterday. The audience sits in a glassed-in room 80 feet from where the judge and the screen is for displayed evidence. And the glassed-in room is completely isolated and there's an audio delay. I've never seen anything quite like this except for the Navy Seals' trials around the death of a detainee in Iraq. But there's a lot of secrecy involved in this, and it's not quite as public a war-crime trial as you might expect.","Closing arguments scheduled for Monday. We'll hear more from you next week. NPR's John McChesney in Guantanamo, Cuba. Thanks, John.","You bet.","Marketplace just ahead on Day to Day."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of B's statement is that the radio program \"Marketplace\" will be airing soon. The implied meaning could be that B is transitioning to a different topic or segment of the radio program, or that the program has come to an end.","questions":"What is the topic of the program following PersonB's statement?","answer":"Marketplace"}
{"text":["So in 2006, a farmer named Shikharam Chaudhary was apprehended by forest rangers at Chitwan. They suspected him of helping his son bury a stolen rhinoceros horn in his backyard. So they took him back to the jail inside the park, and they interrogated him for a little over a week. And nine days later, Shikharam was dead.","Seven eyewitnesses in the jail said that he was being tortured. He was waterboarded. He was beaten and treated in really awful ways by the guards there. And as we found in our reporting, WWF stepped in. And they lobbied for the charges that were filed against the rangers in question to be dropped. And when they ultimately were, they celebrated the ruling.","So just so I understand, what is the link exactly between the actions of these rangers and the WWF?","So WWF funds, equips, trains and otherwise supports these forest rangers at national parks. Our investigation looked at six different countries in Africa and Asia. These forest rangers are employed by the government. But often there isn't that much money to make sure that they have supplies and training and everything else they need to do their job. So WWF often steps in to fill those gaps. And they provide them with everything from uniforms to cars to knives and riot gear and other things that can be used as weapons."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It tells about developed our nation and innovoted lot of things","questions":"What is the focus of the investigation mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Investigation"}
{"text":["Hi - so glad to have you with us. And let me start here. Just to recap this war of words, Iran says the U. S.  is lying about where the drone was shot down. The U. S.  says Iran is lying. How are we likely to know?How will this be resolved beyond a take one person's word over the other situation?How do they figure that out?","Well, first, there is, obviously, the release of the actual location data for where the BAMS or Broad Area Maritime Surveillance aircraft was flying. That - hopefully, it will be released shortly by Central Command. But part of it, too, Mary Louise, is the fact that there's absolutely no reason for this aircraft to have to fly over Iran to gather the data that the U. S.  military was interested in gathering.","You're saying there's circumstantial evidence that just - why would it have been there?- which tends to support the U. S.  position.","Well, right. And no U. S.  commander - speaking from experience - would put the aircraft in that kind of a situation. And for your audience, that reason is that, unlike aircraft - surveillance aircraft in the past, the kind of sensor systems that are onboard this drone are such that they can see dozens and dozens and dozens of miles away from the aircraft. So, you know, it's flying up above 50,000 feet over the Strait of Hormuz. It can monitor the entire strait plus see inside Iran without having to fly over it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The drone could monitor inside Iran without entering Iranian airspace.","questions":"How could the drone gather data from inside Iran?","answer":"Altitude"}
{"text":["James Foley would have turned 41 today. The journalist who was murdered by the Islamic State was known for his reporting on the conflicts of the Middle East. Jim Foley's life will be celebrated in his hometown of Rochester, New Hampshire today. The memorial service is taking place at Our Lady of the Holy Rosary Parish. Father Marc Montminy, a close friend of the family, is leading the service. He joins us now. Thanks for being with us.","You're very welcome. It's good to be with you.","What do you remember about Jim Foley?","We remember him as a child. Many people around the world remember him more as an adult 'cause when you're young, you see people from one vantage point. As you get older, they develop and grow into their own person. Jim was always a happy guy. He was also, I felt, very pensive at times. He was a thinker. He was the type of guy who could see things that perhaps other people didn't see as clearly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"What do you remember about Jim Foley?\" - The literal meaning of this question is asking for specific memories or recollections of Jim Foley.","questions":"What was Jim Foley known for reporting on?","answer":"Conflicts"}
{"text":["Phil Simms was quarterback for the New York Giants.","(Laughter) Yeah.","This is NPR, Dan. We have to fill in the blanks sometimes.","(Laughter) I understand. Well, Bill Parcell is one of the legendary coaches in NFL history. I called Bill and, you know, 'cause saw in the press guides that Ernie was his pro player personnel director for a couple of years in the 1980s. And Bill could not remember anything about him. He says, I don't know the guy. I said, Bill, it says on the press guide that he was your director of pro personnel for two seasons when you were head coach. And he says, well, I don't remember the guy. So they're all either being very careful about it or Ernie just does not leave a personal mark with them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :   (3) Please choose a confidence score ( marks how confidence you are that there is implied meaning in this turn ) :   4 : You are not sure whether everybody will agree that this turn has implied meanings but you believe that most of them will Please write a implied meaning ( More than 8 words! ) :","questions":"Which coach is mentioned as being unable to remember Ernie, despite his position as director of pro personnel for the New York Giants?","answer":"Bill"}
{"text":["Windsor Castle was restored in exactly that timeframe. The day from the fire to the celebration of the reopening of the restored castle was a span of five years. I know people are feeling more positive than they did yesterday because more of the cathedral seems to have survived than seemed possible at the time. And it's a good starting point to think that five years is a reasonable timeframe for the project.","Architect Francis Maude - he's a director at Donald Insall Associates in London.","Thank you for speaking with us.","My pleasure. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implied meaning is that there is hope that the restoration of the cathedral will take a similar timeframe to that of Windsor Castle. The literal meaning is that the restoration of Windsor Castle took five years and it's a reasonable timeframe for the project.","questions":"Which castle?","answer":"Windsor"}
{"text":["Well, first of all, I don't think anybody's going to negotiate very seriously with a gun to their head. And the history of these things is that presidents win and the party in Congress that causes a shutdown tends to lose. So I think the president's made it clear he's not negotiating until funding is restored to the government.","I think in Congress there's certainly, around the edges, some places that we can make some arrangements, shorten the amount of time - although I thought 30 days was short enough, all things considered - and, you know, perhaps, you know, begin negotiations elsewhere. But you literally cannot complete legislation this fast. It's not as if the Democrats, you know, have a proposal that's been drafted into legislation that I'm aware of. So sooner or later, we're going to have to reopen the government, and I hope sooner.","Didn't your party get a tax bill done pretty quickly?","No. It took months and months and months and months of - here, I mean, that lasted over a year.","I mean, they were scrawling in the document up until the last second."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : (5) - The speaker is implying that the tax bill was hastily and carelessly put together, even though it was actually thoroughly worked on.","questions":"What is the speaker implying about the tax bill?","answer":"Carelessly"}
{"text":["So is presentation, how you present the food, influence how it's tasting, you know?Does the fact that it's presented in - on a tray in an airplane at 40,000 feet mean it's going to taste different, or your expectations might be different?","Absolutely. Presentation is very important. And you bring up an interesting point about eating at 30,000 feet. The - as we all know, if we're lucky enough to get served a meal in an airplane. . .",". . . food just doesn't seem to taste right on an airplane.","Right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is turn (3).  In turn (3), the speaker says \"food just doesn't seem to taste right on an airplane.\" The literal meaning of this statement is that the food does not taste good when eaten on an airplane. ","questions":"How is the PersonA's opinion about the taste of food on an airplane in turn (3)?","answer":"Bad"}
{"text":[". . . That it's biased especially against people of color.","Correct. And to be sure, we need to take great care to be refining our use of risk assessments as much as we can. But the alternative is to do it the way we've always done it, which is to rely on judicial hunch and money, which, of course, makes no sense.","Judge Morrison, you've been on the bench here in D. C.  for 40-some years?","Almost 40 years."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He has not been on a bench but has been working as a judge for some time.","questions":"Which position has he been working in for some time?","answer":"judge"}
{"text":["I want to ask you about a few sounds, and if you could begin by re-creating them. The first is -and I'm going to sign on to your language here - the breathy-voiced, long, low, back, unrounded vowel with advanced tongue root.","Aghhhh!","(Laughter)","I can't even do it without rolling my eyes. They automatically go right up to the roof."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (2) is expressing disbelief and exasperation, (3) is expressing amusement, and (4) is expressing exasperation and helplessness.","questions":"What is PersonA's physical reaction to the sound described by PersonB in turn 0?","answer":"Eye-rolling"}
{"text":["Well, I think one of my roles - at least the way I pretty much defined my life and work for 35 years in the academy and was quite lucky in serendipitous ways began teaching at Yale at the time of the moment that's now considered, I guess, the revolutionary moment at Yale with the Black Panthers and Bobby Seale and Erica Huggins and others.","So, I always saw a kind of resistive undercurrent in the university even at its Ivy League level. And I've tried to identify myself in the academy with that resistive undercurrent. And I've tried to maintain an integrity of my public appearances and what I write that never refuses to look at the fact that racism, in my estimation, is more rampant in the United States and globally than ever before.","One can say is the glass half-full or half-empty. I think that's mere casuistry. It seems to me that the glass is empty for the majority of Americans now, not just black Americans, and it's not near any liquid refreshments source that I know of, the foreclosures, the economics of the present time, the war.","It seems to me that Henry Louis Gates Jr.  and Cornel West made a deliberate turn at a certain point in their career and decided, in the case of Mr.  Gates for example, that he was not going to do another profoundly brilliant book in his\u2026","Well, professor, I'm sorry, we have to wrap this up. There's a lot there, but thank you so much, Professor Baker."],"speaker":["A","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There was a period of political upheaval and social justice activism at Yale University involving prominent figures such as the Black Panthers and Bobby Seale.","questions":"How did the university environment at Yale change during the time period mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Upheaval"}
{"text":["We were sure supposed to. Somewhere along the line things, sort of, broke down and it's obviously disturbing that we haven't come as far as we thought in that time.","As you looked at what happened before the attack in Benghazi, what do you think are the important lessons to be taken away there?","You know, I think that right now it's hard to tell what the lessons are because there's no clear chain of accountability or decision making. The first question you ask yourself is who is in charge of this thing?You had a mission - a State Department mission on the ground.","Theoretically everyone in that mission, including that special operations team that supposedly could've reacted to this thing was working for the head of mission, which in this case was a deputy chief of mission since the ambassador was the individual involved. And it's unclear to me even at this point if he had the authority to launch that special operations team or whether someone outside that chain of command and Department of Defense or Southern Command, or pardon me, in Special Operations Command, you know, overruled that. And it's never become obvious to me what that chain of command was. And it seemed to me that would be one of the first questions the congressional people are asking - doing the inquiries should've been asking."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is no clear process for who has accountability and makes decisions. The mission was outside of the office instead of being conducted via phone or internet.","questions":"How was the State Department mission on the ground conducted?","answer":"Unclear"}
{"text":["So when we are forced to cut, we have to decide which is the best way to do it. We can do a shallow cut, like 10 percent 20 percent of the full ration. Or we can do a deep cut if we think the contributions will not be coming in anytime soon. The difficulty with doing a deep cut is that over the longer period, of course, people will become malnourished. Their immune systems will be suppressed. And if the cuts continue, or they're getting absolutely no food from WFP, inevitably, over time, they will fall sick. And, ultimately, many people will perish.","So - I mean, forgive me. It's one thing to make appealing ads that people are in danger of starving to death. What you're saying now is, because there's a crunch for aid, people are in danger of dying slowly.","That's what, in the end, will happen to the most vulnerable. It's the women and the children who will go first. The difficulty about the situation confronting us in 2018, however, is that it comes on the heels of 2017, when the world really pulled itself together, and our donors and donors for other organizations stepped up and provided a lot of funding because we were facing what was said to be the greatest humanitarian needs. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker is describing the vulnerability of women and children in a humanitarian crisis, the implied meaning is that despite the significant amount of funding provided in 2017, the situation has worsened in 2018 and there is still a critical need for aid.","questions":"Which year did the world provide significant funding for humanitarian needs?","answer":"2017"}
{"text":["And then the women also said they wanted their jacket to look like that. They wanted to wear a male tie, which is unusual. Usually women wear, like, kind of a little crosshatch-looking tie. But they wanted to wear a long, male tie. And they wanted a pencil skirt.","Were the women and the men in the military polled about this?","Yeah. From different ranks, they had people come in and look at the uniforms or hats, you know, sent the prototypes to them and said, what do you like?Is this comfortable?And what would you like to see?","So they get some sartorial input."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The women wanted to wear a male tie and pencil skirt, which is unusual for women's clothing.","questions":"How did the women want to accessorize their jacket?","answer":"tie"}
{"text":["Absolutely not. In fact, the art world has been so distracted by ridiculously obscenely high prices that mainly the only art that people are even aware of is art that costs a lot of money. There's a strange exception around Basquiat. No artist of color has ever entered this kind of pantheon of, you know, Picasso, Van Gogh, all of the rest whose work does sometimes sell for over $100 million.","So you know what?I have to make a strange exception to my rule, that in this case, I kind of love that Jean-Michel Basquiat has entered that and broken that barrier. More power to women, more power to artists of color. These lives do matter, and they're going to continue to matter.","Jerry Saltz, senior art critic of New York magazine, and he joined us from New York. Thank you so much.","Thank you. It was a pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the art world has been so distracted by ridiculously obscenely high prices\" - The actual meaning of this turn is not that the art world is physically distracted, but rather that the focus and attention of the art world have been diverted by high prices.","questions":"Which kind of artists has never entered the pantheon of Picasso and Van Gogh, but Jean-Michel Basquiat has broken that barrier?","answer":"Artist"}
{"text":["As we know, the president has been very big on tariffs, right?I mean, he recently tweeted, tariffs are the greatest - one of many tweets like that. What has - what changed here?","This was an amazing turnaround. It was a real victory for the free traders in the White House and for those who argued that it's not good for the president to be in a circular firing squad with our European allies. Instead, he should work with them to pressure China at the WTO about intellectual property theft and forced technology transfers. The other thing that caused this turnaround was the president really needed a win. He was facing a wall of opposition from his own constituents, from Republican members of Congress, from farmers, from people who work in small manufacturing plants.","The other thing that made a big difference, according to a senior White, House official that I talked to, was that the European Commission president, Jean-Claude Juncker, came in with a specific deal. He said we're going to buy this many more soybeans, this much more liquefied natural gas. This is a very transactional president. And, apparently, Canada, Mexico, China - none of them have come in with specific deals the way the EU did last week. So the president went from saying privately, I don't need Europe to making a deal.","And how, Mara, will this deal announcement affect his all-important base?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The firing squad means that the president should not be surrounded by people that hate him.","questions":"What did the free traders argue against?","answer":"Allies"}
{"text":["On Africa Update, it's been over a week since the elections in Zimbabwe, and still no results. But one thing seems clear: the current president, Robert Mugabe, is going to fight to stay in power. Plus, relief agencies say fighting in Somalia is the worst in 15 years.","For more, we've got Roxanne Lawson. She's director of Africa Policy for TransAfrica Forum.","Hi, Roxanne.","Hi. How are you doing?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"For more, we've got Roxanne Lawson. She's director of Africa Policy for TransAfrica Forum.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that the news program has brought in Roxanne Lawson as a source of information. The implied meaning is that Roxanne Lawson is an expert on African politics and will provide insight and analysis on the current situation in Zimbabwe and Somalia.","questions":"How is Roxanne Lawson affiliated with TransAfrica Forum?","answer":"Director"}
{"text":["Immigration proponents hope that if we care as much about poor people outside the United States as we do about poor people inside the United States, we'll raise the level of care for both. We've seen, instead, as we have become more cosmopolitan in our sympathies, we've ended up caring as little for fellow Americans as for people everywhere.","It is precisely because we are not honoring our commitments and our promises and our obligations to our fellow Americans that I'm urging people to have a stronger sense of social solidarity. And the way you get that stronger sense of social solidarity is by making the meaning of Americanism stronger, and that means making it more of a national community. And communities have boundaries between themselves and the rest of the world.","You ground a lot of your argument, though, in white Americans' fears, really, about a country that's getting less white. So is limiting immigration the answer?I mean, doesn't that just play into those fears and then legitimize them?","I don't ground very much of my argument on that at all. What I ground my argument upon is a tendency of the human mind, perceived by psychologists in people of all backgrounds, to be stressed by rapid change."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : none","questions":"Which turn mentions a possible solution to strengthen social solidarity?","answer":"A:1"}
{"text":["Did you think twice?","I said - well, I didn't think - well, I said, sure, and I held it to the ground. And then I thought, this is not exactly what I signed up for, but, you know, you need to pitch in a little bit in these circumstances.","For a disease, a virus to spill over, is it just a matter of coming in contact with the right animal?Is it just chance, or does there have to be something special about the virus itself to be able to infect multiple species?","Well, some kinds of virus, yes, are better at this than others. And the scientists who watch the world for the next spillover are particularly vigilant about single-stranded RNA viruses, as distinct from DNA viruses that carry their genomes on the good old, stable double helix. RNA viruses, when they replicate, mutate more frequently. Therefore, there's more change. There's more genetic variation in the populations of those viruses. They replicate very abundantly, so their populations are large."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B is asking if viruses can easily infect multiple species or if there needs to be specific conditions.","questions":"Which type of viruses are scientists especially vigilant about?","answer":"RNA"}
{"text":["What's this program, Becoming a Man, meant to you and other students and your friends?","It means a lot. It gives you insight of how to be a man and take care of your business and have integrity, visionary goal-setting and respect for one another. It helps you be more aware of who you are and what you could do with your life.","Tell us a bit about your life, could you, and your family.","I'm the youngest of six, which is hard to be sometimes, because you get bossed around by everybody in the house. Come from a single-parent home - my mom. Dad was never around. I have sickle cell anemia, so I persevered over that. We had good times and bad times, you know, just like any other family. But we're very close."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  I'm the youngest of six, which is hard to be sometimes, because you get bossed around by everybody in the house.","questions":"How did being the youngest make PersonA feel?","answer":"Hard"}
{"text":["It is largely an age distinction. There are younger people who think that our geography has now trumped our history. We are in the world where it's more relevant than the ties we used to have. But for an older generation, those ties are really important, especially when it comes to war, and World War I and World War II, and New Zealand lost more soldiers per the population than most countries in the world. And they died and served under that flag.","Well, what are some of the alternatives that have been proposed?","The prime minister, John Key, here is a big fan of the silver fern. We have a symbol that we use on our sporting outfits. And one of our major teams, which is literally of a plant, a wee fern plant on a black background. For others, though, that's a bit too much like a brand or a logo than really a sovereign flag. There are artists who have come up with sort of designs of white skies and - 'cause, you know, it's also known as (Foreign language spoken) in Maori, the land of the long white cloud. There are Maori, the native people here, have independence flag that are talked about. So, quite a lot of options on the table to be debated.","Who gets to choose?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is largely an age distinction. There are younger people who think that our geography has now trumped our history. We are in the world where it's more relevant than the ties we used to have. But for an older generation, those ties are really important, especially when it comes to war, and World War I and World War II, and New Zealand lost more soldiers per the population than most countries in the world. And they died and served under that flag.  In this turn, the implied meaning is that the younger generation values geography and current circumstances more than historical ties, while the older generation places significant importance on the historical connections, particularly in the context of war and the sacrifices made under the existing flag. The literal meaning would simply state the generational differences in perspective and the historical significance of the flag.","questions":"What is the main reason for the older generation to hold significant value for the existing flag?","answer":"War"}
{"text":["I want to mention that Mark Bryant of the Gun Violence Archive is remaining with us for this hour to offer context if we need him. And so, Congressman, you unveiled a detailed plan to address gun violence as part of your presidential campaign. You had a chance to talk about some of these issues in the debate that you participated in. Tell us about, if you would, just, like, what's your signature idea here?And tell us why you think that's so important.","You know, the signature principle is we don't have to live this way. And so many of my constituents have been calling and texting and saying that they're afraid to go to public places. They're afraid to take their kids shopping with them - that they're mindful of that now and in ways that they've never been before. And, you know, one of the ways that we could reduce that fear would be to ban and buy back the 15 million assault weapons in America.","You know, many folks have called for an assault weapon ban on future manufacturing and sales, but I don't think that would go far enough. I think we need to get every single weapon of war off the streets. And it's not something - this is not an original idea. You know, Australia did it in the '90s and New Zealand is underway doing it now after their mosque shooting.","Well, advocates of expansive gun rights would argue that the United States is different, and that the right to own a gun is both - is a constitutional right. What do you say about that?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"remaining with us\" means staying or continuing to be present","questions":"How long will Mark Bryant be present for?","answer":"One"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, there are definitely multiple factors. You know, about a decade ago, China passed their renewable energy law. They started to really grow wind and solar as the future strategic industries. And now they're the largest in the world. They install by far the most wind turbines and solar panels in the world. So they really can see that this is a future growth area, that this is something that they can export to other countries. And it has all of these environmental benefits. So of course, to them, it just makes sense to do it.","So they see jobs in green energy.","That's right. You know, there's 3 million renewable energy jobs in China. That's the most in the world. Renewable energy jobs around the world, including in the U. S. , are growing much faster than the overall job market. So there are definitely areas for growth.","At the same time, China is the world's largest coal user and producer, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of the speaker's turn is that China is taking advantage of its renewable energy resources, not just for environmental benefits, but also for economic growth and job creation.","questions":"What is China's position in the world in terms of renewable energy jobs?","answer":"Renewable"}
{"text":["There are supporters of President Trump's - not necessarily card-carrying Republicans, but some - who look at Barack Obama and say just the fact that he existed, that he was president of the United States, made America more divided. Do you agree with that?","I actually think it polarized Americans because it allowed people to spread this false notion that, look, you have a black president. This black president is a representation of people of color taking over. And when people of color take over, they're going to ruin white lives. Even though the evidence showed that he and others like him were actually creating equal opportunity, were actually making, in certain ways, the lives of white people better. But it allowed people to manipulate Americans into believing that the problem, that the reason why they were struggling was because of black politicians or Latinx immigrants. And then it said to those very people, I will be your savior.","By your definition, is Donald Trump a racist?","Without question. And in many ways, he embodies nearly every aspect of a racist. He's someone who regularly expresses racist ideas, like Latinx immigrants are invading this country, that Mexicans are animals, that black people live in hell, that their communities are infested. But then he simultaneously is supporting policies that specifically target racial groups. We're seeing what's happening at the southern border. We see the ways in which his policies, he's not seeking to protect black people being killed by police. We can see the Muslim ban."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They don't actually carry a card but they are very committed to the republican party.","questions":"What kind of people are supporters of President Trump according to B?","answer":"Noncardcarrying"}
{"text":["Yeah. It's hard to understand today just how much the catcher, especially in the 1870s, dominated the baseball game. A single baseball game was - really revolved around the catcher's ability to harness what the pitcher was pitching, and everything revolves around that. The pitcher couldn't use his best pitches if he had - he didn't have confident - confidence in the catcher.","So he really was a sort of iconic folk hero, dominated the game in a way that I think no player ever has before or since and - at a point to where people resented it and would say, you know, this is a game played by two players while the other seven just kind of watch.","The pitcher and the catcher and everybody else watches. The catcher's - well, we are familiar with the crouched position right behind home plate. That was not what they did in the 1870s.","No. They stood, sometimes a little stooped but mostly straight up, and they would just catch the ball and be ready to throw it to bases immediately. And the way that they would throw it sort of made them look like gunslingers. And so that really fed into the whole icon of them, the whole idea of them as American folk heroes."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The catcher played a crucial role in baseball games in the 1870s.","questions":"How did the catcher impact baseball games in the 1870s?","answer":"Dominant"}
{"text":["So you're doing a lot of logistics as well. As I understand it, Deming has declared a state of emergency. What does that do for you?What does that get you, if anything?","Well, the city - and remember I'm the county, that's the city.","Mmm hmm.","They did make an emergency declaration. That was just to free up some funding. And that was, you know, on the governor's word that we would be reimbursed in whole. And it was essentially just so we could spend money to help support these people until they're on to their next destination."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The emergency declaration was made just to access funding.","questions":"Which declaration was made just for funding?","answer":"Emergency"}
{"text":["OK. So it's clear that this poll is showing there is broad support out there for at least some changes. So how much guidance should Congress take from a poll like this to do something?","Well, you know, whether Congress will do anything actually is very much up in the air. And there's a real sense of urgency for Congress to act, especially among Democrats and some Republicans, after this summer because we saw so many mass shootings. . .","Right.",". . . I mean - Dayton, El Paso, Odessa, Texas. But here's the thing. This all comes down to President Trump. Congressional Republicans are not going to take a risk passing anything that could be seen by groups like the NRA as anti-gun, unless President Trump comes out and gives them political cover, which he hasn't yet. And Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell is not exactly going to bring anything to the floor unless he knows that President Trump is definitely going to sign this. And it's kind of risky of a move for Republicans if they don't come out for these things because, you know, the NRA was outspent for the first time in 2018 by groups that want to see these restrictions in place."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : congress is uncertain, often because other matters have to be decided","questions":"What is the main obstacle preventing Congressional Republicans from passing anti-gun measures?","answer":"President"}
{"text":["And it was remarkable to find these little details that people had. Oh, yes, when he was in college, you know, he belonged to this - some society. I'm forgetting the name right now. But the idea of it was to perfect one's dancing and etiquette. And the next door neighbor said he was always very interested in, you know, in correct speech and in, sort of, you know, elegantly holding himself out and that this was something that just went back, back, back, back, back.","Alan Feuer tells Alan Feuer's story in two articles in The New York Times, the most recent, \"The Secret Life of a Society Maven. \"You could find a link to that on our website. Go to npr. org, click on TALK OF THE NATION. And, Alan Feuer, thank you so much for sharing your story.","Oh, my pleasure.","Alan Feuer is a reporter for The New York Times. Tomorrow, after a gun battle outside the prime minister's house in Tripoli, we'll talk about progress and pitfalls and the ripples of revolution in Libya. Join for us that. It's the TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. I'm Neal Conan in Washington."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"perfect one's dancing and etiquette\" - The phrase \"perfect one's dancing and etiquette\" does not mean that one should aim to become absolutely flawless in their dancing and manners. It means to improve or refine one's skills in these areas.","questions":"How does the phrase \"perfect one's dancing and etiquette\" differ from striving for flawlessness?","answer":"Improve"}
{"text":["I think that the protests need to go as far as we need to take them so that America begins to wake up, that this is a problem. You know, 45 said that this is a local issue and. . .","And by 45, you mean President Donald Trump.","Correct. This is a national epidemic. This is a national outcry of people and communities in pain.","Can you tell us something about Stephon before we say goodbye?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker believes that the protests need to be more extreme for America to acknowledge the issue, but not necessarily violent.","questions":"How does the speaker suggest the protests should be to make America notice the issue?","answer":"Extreme"}
{"text":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Karodzic's brother's use of the SIM card was the final piece of evidence needed to identify him.","questions":"How was Karodzic identified?","answer":"SIM"}
{"text":["From the studios of NPR West, this is Day to Day. I'm Alex Cohen. Scrapping the car czar. President Obama has chosen not to appoint one person to oversee the restructuring of the troubled auto industry. For more on why the president is switching gears we're joined now by Justin Hyde of the Detroit Free Press. And Justin, why did President Obama decide to get rid of this car czar position?","Well, it's becoming clear that the auto industry is probably going to have too many problems for just one person to handle. GM and Chrysler are going to be submitting plans to the administration tomorrow to explain how they deserve the 17. 4 billion that the government has lent them and whether they might be able to receive even more aid in the future.","The Obama administration has several very tough questions to answer about the future of this industry and hundreds of thousands of jobs that are tied into it. It's just going to take more work than one person can give.","So in lieu of a car czar, there will be this Presidential Task Force on Autos. Who will be heading up that group?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Getting rid of the person that was chosen to lead a committee regarding the automobile industry. The president is changing is mind on this and Justin Hyde can tell us why.","questions":"How did President Obama change his approach towards overseeing the restructuring of the auto industry?","answer":"Overseeing"}
{"text":["How - let me just change gears because the title of your book is \"Energy for Future Presidents: The Science Behind the Headlines. \"The last time you were on, you were talking about physics for future presidents. We're in a presidential debate year. Do you think this should be an issue, the talk about global climate change and global warming?","Oh I - energy, there's nothing more important in our world than the future of energy. We start wars over energy. Events like Fukushima and the Gulf oil spill have too much influence in our policy. We have to sit back and be thoughtful and think: What can we do?","For the case of global warming, I do believe we should take action, but most of the action that people are suggesting will not address the problem, and so we have to get the energy policy right. It has to be based in science and engineering and technology.","And what should that policy be?What should we do?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The topic of energy is crucial to our world's future and has significant impacts on policy decisions, including war.","questions":"How does the topic of energy affect policy decisions?","answer":"Wars"}
{"text":["It looks like a stationary bike.","And in your video - it's our Video Pick of the Week, which you have called the best laboratory in the world?","It was enamored with this lab. I'm just going to be honest. I thought it was the coolest lab.","Coolest lab in the world."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  A: \"It was enamored with this lab. I'm just going to be honest. I thought it was the coolest lab.\" In this turn, the phrase \"enamored with this lab\" and \"coolest lab\" are used figuratively to express a strong liking or admiration for the lab, rather than indicating a literal romantic or temperature-related meaning.","questions":"What did PersonA think of the lab?","answer":"Coolest"}
{"text":["Well, they do do some of it. Delta in the most recent quarter had about 300 million dollars in gains from fuel hedges, but the biggest problem is other airlines just don't have the cash or the credit to put into this. Southwest has the luxury of very strong financial balance sheet so they can put their money to work years ahead of time. Other airlines, you know, if you're cutting costs, if you're fighting for survival, if your cash is tight, your employees are getting laid off, you know, it's hard to say hey, we're going to buy some fuel for 2012.","And Delta was in bankruptcy proceedings, it had to unload everything it could to deal with its debt.","That's right, very costly. Delta actually had good fuel hedges leading into the 2004 bankruptcy. They had to sell those to raise some cash in the bankruptcy, but selling early meant they lost out on a whole lot of profits that they could have had later on.","Scott, you're a travel writer but you do write for the Wall Street Journal, so maybe you can answer this question for me. On the day that Southwest reported things going very well, its stock actually fell by a dollar to just under 15 dollars a share. Now, how does that work?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Other airlines have too much financial strain to be able to invest in fuel hedging.","questions":"What was the biggest problem for other airlines mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Cash"}
{"text":["Yeah. And that took a lot out of my legs. I was pretty fatigued by the end of the game, and I'm feeling it today.","And do - I bet you are a little tired.","But at - towards the end of the game, where you aware of the record?And where you aware you'd broken it?","I wasn't aware, actually. I think I was just so tired and so focused on scoring the basketball. There's a stretch late in the second half where I think I hit seven or eight consecutive threes, and I knew something special was going on after that."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"where you aware of the record?\" - This question is using the word \"where\" as a way of asking whether the speaker was aware of the record, rather than asking about the physical location of their awareness.","questions":"What question did PersonB ask PersonA about their awareness during the game?","answer":"Aware"}
{"text":["Well, let's stay with these two big items on the to-do list next week. As you said, the specter of the government running out of money on Friday tends to focus the mind. What will Speaker Ryan's strategy be for getting this done next week?","Just to get as many people on board - get that 216. . .","Get those 216. . .",". . . Seventeen, however many people they need depending on how many votes there are. And I tend to think that there's going to be enough votes to do that. And the White House is not going to stand in Speaker Ryan's way. And there's really - even the Freedom Caucus, the sort of thorn in the side of House leadership, are not going to do that either because nobody. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: Get enough votes to pass the legislation, no matter the number of votes required.","questions":"What does the turn in line 2 suggest about the number of votes needed to pass the legislation?","answer":"Number"}
{"text":["Well, can you describe to us what the situation is on the ground there in Gaza?What does it looked like?What's going on in the hospitals?","It is a very bad situation. The hospitals are ill-equipped and not ready to deal with a mass-casualty event like this one. Israel did allow humanitarian supplies to go into Gaza today. They allowed quite a few trucks to enter. Aid workers on the ground say that it's not enough, that there's still real a shortage there.","Griff Witte is the Jerusalem bureau chief for the Washington Post. Thank you very much.","Thanks, Madeleine."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation in Gaza is much worse than the humanitarian supplies suggest.","questions":"How are the hospitals in Gaza equipped?","answer":"Ill-equipped"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Pope Francis issued what's called an apostolic exhortation this week called The Joy of Gospel. And in his exhortation, he upheld church teachings while signaling a new openness to conversation about change. Maybe most notably the pope criticized the way much of the world, including the United States, does business. He warned against what he called an economy of exclusion, arguing that the very structural causes of poverty must be addressed. We turn now to Father James Martin, a noted Jesuit and culture editor of the Jesuit magazine America. He joins us from Philadelphia today. Father Jim, thanks for being with us.","THE REV. JAMES MARTIN: My pleasure.","What's the pope exhorting his church to do?","Well, I would say in this document he's asking us to do three things. Number one, remember the importance of joy. When we preach the Gospel, he inveighs against sourpusses - that's the English translation."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"he upheld church teachings while signaling a new openness to conversation about change\" - figurative language, implying that the Pope is willing to consider new ideas and perspectives, even if they challenge traditional church teachings.","questions":"Which quality does the Pope criticize in the economy?","answer":"Gloomy"}
{"text":["Oh, gosh. Mr.  Lamason, do we know why the whales do this?","We don't know. And there's a lot of theories around. But if you had to design a piece of landscape to capture whales, Golden Bay is pretty much perfect. It's a - quite a closed-in bay. It's got this large spit sweeping around, and the seabed out from there is very shallow for quite some kilometers. And there's a great chance that these whales were coming in here to feed and have made a poor choice about how close they can get in.","And is there anything human beings can or should do to try and help the whales?","Yeah, that's an interesting question. When these whales die, they actually initiate an ecosystem around them and it brings in a lot of wildlife that wouldn't necessarily be around. So people are saying, well, why don't you get out there and stop them stranding in the first place?Well, as I mentioned earlier, they're relying on this area for food. It'll be a little bit like closing the supermarket because you're worried about the shelves falling on people. They need to get in there. And if some of them die, well, that is - that's very sad. But also, there's a lot of other animals that make - you know, take advantage of their carcasses as well. So it's a - it's an interesting question."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) Implies that there may be something that people can do to prevent the whales from stranding,","questions":"Which question does PersonA address about possible human intervention for preventing whales from stranding?","answer":"Human"}
{"text":["Well, up until about two decades ago there were no rights for crime victims. Victims were treated basically as another part of the evidence of the crime. So, really we've seen a great development in crime victims' rights in the criminal and juvenile justice systems since that time.","Who pioneered that change?","Really, it was driven by the experience of victims and survivors themselves. Like the example of Miss Hawkins, who turned the worst event in her life into a catalyst to make a difference for other people, so that other people wouldn't have to go through the same thing that she went through, that's the story of the Victims' Rights Movement. It has been people who felt that they were so poorly treated by the criminal justice system, that they had to make a difference and make sure it would be better for the next person.","How would you define victims' rights?Just you know, what do you think victims' rights really means?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Victims did not have any legal rights until recently.","questions":"How were victims treated before two decades ago?","answer":"Poorly"}
{"text":["Companies like Morgan Stanley, UBS, GE Financial, American Express all plan to use this new facility, and industrial companies will probably follow suit. Now, usually, this is not a market that the government has had any role in, at least as a direct lender. It used to be that these IOU's were bought by financial institutions, money market, mutual funds, and the like. The loans weren't too sexy, they weren't very risky, and the interest rate wasn't anything to write home about.","But all that changed after the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Holders of commercial paper started worrying that these corporate IOU's weren't so safe, so they stopped buying them. And then perfectly healthy businesses have been since finding it difficult and expensive to get hold of cash. So now, the Fed will become the lender of last resort yet again and try to jump start lending by others.","And then so - and loosen the credit, the credit crunch. And so, is this move - will it be more promising than all the others we've seen so far to try to loosen credit?","You know, in short, the answer is yes, with the caveat of probably. Every economist I've talked to or seen quoted today thinks this is a pretty safe move by the Fed. The government simply has to get financial institutions back to lending money more than a day at a time."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Commercial paper holders stopped buying IOU's due to safety concerns after Lehman Brothers' collapse","questions":"Which corporate IOU's were affected by the safety concerns?","answer":"Corporate"}
{"text":["So it does happen that, in fact, patients interpret these findings as immediately applicable to their condition.","And how do physicians handle that kind of request?","Well, at the risk of trying to be a naysayer and living in an ivory tower, I think you have to be honest with patients and say yes, this is very exciting. It may be important. It may prove efficacious down the road, but I think it's premature to take either an amyloid study or a test tube study and directly translate that to the human model.","There are safety issues. There are ethical issues, and we really don't know whether it's going to be efficacious.","Did some of these reviewers - do I have this right - caution that this drug particularly is a little - has bad side effects?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They are saying that at the risk of sounding like they are perfect and above others they think you have to be honest.","questions":"What is the risk mentioned by person A?","answer":"Naysayer"}
{"text":["Yeah. And we owe a debt of gratitude, also, to Roger Hangarter of Indiana University, who gave us some other time-lapse of other plant motions. Because I started looking into this, and, you know, even the tulips in your vase are moving around if you speed up time. Their leaves are flopping. He told me this amazing story about sunflowers that I never knew. The reason that they are called that is that they actually orient towards the sun throughout the day. Their leaves do. So they start facing east and then end up facing west.","They have the ultimate solar panels.","That's totally right.","They figured out how to actually how to move with the sun. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Sunflowers have the ability to move with the sun.","questions":"What is the ability of sunflowers?","answer":"Move"}
{"text":["Now, when we look at this, what they're doing, there was a - you know, in some ways perhaps a minor incident, but a telling one where the British publication, the Telegraph, reported online that the G8 leaders enjoyed a six course lunch followed by an eight course dinner. African leaders were not invited and of course they're talking about the global hunger situation. There was a lot of static about that. Do you think that, that was symbolic in any way or just, you know, big time world business as usual?","Well, Farai now you're going to draw the cynical side out of me. This was an incredibly stupid, careless move, by the G8 leaders where they basically seemed to have thought off camera they could do whatever they wanted to. And they demonstrated, for all to see, the contempt actually that they have towards the rest of the world.","That they basically - they see themselves, as in effect, the rulers of this planet. So, when they're on camera there'll be the tears, there'll be the concern. Off camera you saw this hideous example of consumption.","What do you think the G8 leaders should be doing in terms of an Africa agenda?I'm going to get to a couple of specific things, specific national issues of Zimbabwe and Nigeria in a second."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The G8 leaders were careless and demonstrated contempt for the rest of the world.","questions":"What did the G8 leaders demonstrate towards the rest of the world?","answer":"Contempt"}
{"text":["And it is important. Some people say that the administration is risking the advancement, that Iran is just playing for time as it has in previous discussions and spinning things out and asking for preliminary meetings and other discussions technical to - just to play this out as long as possible to continue their development, to continue to enrich uranium. And then that the administration is playing a game, saying, well, let's wait until November 5th.","Well, I think the administration has its eyes wide open in terms of Iranian negotiating tactics. And again, they have been clear that this is not an open-ended negotiation. This is not forever. I think they're going to lay down some markers that certain steps need to be taken as an - as evidence of good faith. And if they're not taken, then that's going to send a message that, you know, look, this isn't serious.","Since the last round of negotiations, Iranian officials have said publicly that Iran will insist on the right to negotiate to continue to enrich uranium to the 20 percent level. That is one of the issues that is very much under discussion at these talks. How much credence should we put in public statements by senior Iranian officials about non-negotiable positions?","I think, given what we know about the internal divisions within Iran on some of these issues and the - their negotiating behavior in the past where they've made outrageous public statements and then in negotiations walk right - walked them right back, I wouldn't put too much credence in those statements at this point."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker is suggesting that given Iran's past negotiating behavior and internal divisions, it would be unwise to take too seriously any public statements made by Iranian officials about their negotiating positions. The implied meaning is that the speaker believes that Iran may be using public statements to gain leverage in the negotiations, and that the true negotiating position may be different from what is publicly stated.","questions":"How is the speaker suggesting we should view public statements made by senior Iranian officials regarding non-negotiable positions?","answer":"Unwise"}
{"text":["So tell us what happened on the site last week.","Well I mean, what the culmination of a week of DDoS attacks, you know, it started off on Monday with DDoS attacks. And basically what that means is. . .","Please, go ahead. I was about to ask you what that meant.","Yeah. What happens is, you know, basically they send out little robots. They put robots on computers across the country, which make requests your website, which essentially brings your website down because of an overload of requests. So a DDoS stands for denial of service. And they do that by basically clogging up your arteries, basically, with actual requests from robots that are not regular people, and overwhelming your server."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : DDoS attacks are caused by little robots, not human attackers.","questions":"Which type of attackers cause DDoS attacks?","answer":"Robots"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, that is the thing in this country. I mean, I know America quite well. And I think we have to reverse the absolute mirror image of the broadcasting and newspaper. When the debate was around about the beginning of this year about fake news, there was a lot of discussion about how, in this country, people are kind of used to fake news because - not that the newspapers are fictional, but they do take a slant on some stories. But the television media here, in particular, and the radio has been regulated to be unbiased and impartial since broadcasting began in the 1930s.","Some here in America would view this as an agency of thought police. Is there pushback against Ofcom in the United Kingdom?","There have been periods of incredibly busy activity from Ofcom. Recently, they have been turning quite a few complaints across to us and other broadcasters. That is not a reflection of Ofcom. That's a reflection of people who write to Ofcom. They're only making decisions if viewers complain. But it's not a form of thought police. It's a form of being objective. I think viewers in this country expect the television and radio broadcasting to be unbiased, accurate and impartial. And so that is enshrined in law. It's an expectation. And when they feel that the standards of broadcasting have dropped below that, they complain to Ofcom, and then Ofcom investigates us.","Ben De Pear is the editor of Channel 4 News. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"form of thought police\" - the literal meaning of this phrase would be a physical agency that enforces particular thoughts, but the actual meaning is a regulatory body that ensures impartiality in broadcasting.","questions":"Which phrase is used to refer to a regulatory body that ensures impartiality in broadcasting?","answer":"Ofcom"}
{"text":["Tomorrow, car sales numbers for November are due out, and they're not expected to be good. That could lead to more dealerships shutting down, and that could mean a big loss of revenue for local governments. For example, this year, the state of California has lost at least two billion dollars in sales taxes due to the drop in car sales.","To get a better sense of how local governments are coping, we're joined now by Marshall Bond. He is the city manager for Monroeville, Pennsylvania. Thanks for joining us, and why don't you tell us how many car dealerships are in Monroeville?","Just about every major domestic and foreign manufacturer sells cars here in Monroeville.","And so, how much of your budget comes from the revenue from car sales at these dealerships?","We have a business tax which obviously is, I'd say, probably of that - I'd say total tax is probably about 15 to 20 percent is based upon our related car industry."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A significant portion of Monroeville's tax revenue comes from the car industry","questions":"What is one of the major sources of tax revenue for Monroeville?","answer":"Car"}
{"text":["All right. Let's run through two of the main issues. . .","Yeah.",". . . Briefly. One is Carter Page, the former Trump campaign aide. The Democratic memo contends Page was under surveillance for many reasons which initially had nothing to do with the controversial Steele dossier.","Yeah. I mean, I think - look, I think that everyone agrees that that's sort of part of what's going on here. Carter Page had long had contacts with Russian intelligence officers, apparently unwitting to him. At one point, it appears he may have been working with the FBI to talk about those folks. And so that has now come out. And it's pretty clear. We've known this for a while, though. These are facts that we've known or at least we've heard rumors of."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Democratic memo contends Page was under surveillance for many reasons which initially had nothing to do with the controversial Steele dossier","questions":"How was Carter Page under surveillance?","answer":"Unwittingly"}
{"text":["And that would work quite well.","Her instructions are easy. Mush up your beans, mixing in lemon, oil, salt and cumin. Then add the garnish. Through the magic of radio, we'll fast-forward to the important part.","Now you can taste and see if the seasoning is right.","Taste and see. Wow, it's flavorful."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is important to taste the food to ensure proper seasoning","questions":"How can you ensure proper seasoning?","answer":"Taste"}
{"text":["Sometimes you're crazy, Then you wonder why. I'm such a baby, yeah, That dolphins make me cry.","But there's nothing I can do, I only wanna be with you.","Tell me about your roots in the South and how they influenced you musically?","Oh, big time. I grew up, you know, in Charleston, South Carolina, and I'm 42 years old. So for me, a lot of what I remember back in the day was AM radio. And when I was a kid you could hear Stevie Wonder and Buck Owens on the same channel. You know, that was a thing for me that just listen to AM radio, flipping through the channels and hearing these songs."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : roots implies your family or your earlier days and not the part of trees or plants in the soil ","questions":"What influenced PersonA's musical taste?","answer":"Radio"}
{"text":["I think there is. There has been a lot of talk here about that, not officially from the state board. But I think when you have both candidates kind of saying they would be open to it, it's really on the table. And the state board does have the ability to do this. They can call an election if - by law, if improprieties occurred to such an extent that they taint the results of the entire election and cast doubts on its fairness.","And any idea when a new election might be in the 9th District?","So - right. We have no idea. And they have said they are mindful that the new Congress is supposed to be seated on January 3. But I think it's going to be probably very difficult if they do do an election to get it done that quickly. Another question is, kind of what kind of election would you have?Would you redo the entire 9th District. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It would be difficult to conduct an election in the 9th District quickly.","questions":"Which district would it be difficult to conduct an election in quickly?","answer":"9th"}
{"text":["So, you're skeptical about a car czar. You think that there should be loans, though, with strict provisions attached to them.","Right, right.","What else?What else needs to be done?I mean, this is a massive, massive problem, and two of the three are facing extinction at this point.","Don't forget, what's putting them in this condition is the economic, you know, the economic condition of the nation right now. But the kind of fixed-cost structure that these auto companies have is massive, massive losses that have to do with what's happening to demand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The current economic situation requires more than loans to help the auto companies - other measures must be taken.","questions":"What is the problem that requires other measures besides loans to be taken for auto companies?","answer":"Problem"}
{"text":["Well, actually, we - there's three records on the chart, the chart of this year. Within the top of 30, you have Flo Rida, and then there - a couple of other songs that were charting this year were Alicia Keys and one by Timbaland with \"One Republic. \"","So, you know, in the - if you look at the top ten, one thing I'm happy about in terms of grading on the curve, if you look at the top ten, every decade that this chart has touched, is represented here. We have one from the 50s, and we also have the '60s, '70s, '80s, and '90s, and this decade represented.","But yeah, there's ample representation of recent hits here. One from this decade in the top 10 being by Mariah Carey, \"We Belong Together. \"","All right, what is changing about the music game with digital distribution?Does it affect how people buy singles, and what might be on the top 100 in the next 50 years?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There are songs from various decades in the top 30 chart.","questions":"Which decade has a song represented in the top 10 chart?","answer":"50s"}
{"text":["Some people call you the Architect or the Godfather of the surge. You know, it was not that big an increase in troops originally calling for just 20,000. What made you think that was going to be enough of a margin to establish order, or try to establish order, or something like order?","The surge, really is a horrible term, but the term stuck and in military terms it's a counter-offensive designed to wrest the offensive away from your opponent, in this case, the insurgency and the al-Qaeda in Iraq. And the surge, well everybody focuses on the troops, the real issue was we changed the strategy. For the first time we were going to protect the people and actually take on the mission to defeat the insurgency.","In the past, our mission was to transition to the Iraqis till down the road they could defeat them. To do that, you need additional forces because you have to decentralize and put the troops on the streets where they live in the neighborhoods, mulhollans as they call them in Iraq, and districts in those major urban centers. That is the issue. And in an urban insurgency the people are the issue.","You know there are some including the West Point history professor, Lieutenant Colonel John Gentile, who say that it's not so much that we've sent in these extra troops or changed our strategy, it's that we got Muqtada al-Sadr's forces to have a ceasefire and we essentially hired 100,000 former Sunni insurgents to come onto our payroll and try to keep quiet."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Additional forces were needed to decentralize and put troops on the streets to address the urban insurgency.","questions":"What was the focus of the surge strategy?","answer":"Strategy"}
{"text":["Look. We - no - we have low-skilled workers who come to this country all the time. . .","Low skills is different than no skills.",". . . Well, low skill - that's what the chief was talking about. We're talking about bringing in the best and brightest from around the world. That's not what is occurring now. But let's not pretend for a second we have a mean, heartless immigration policy. We have the most generous immigration policy in the world. So to pretend as though, somehow, we're closing off to the world is just ridiculous. What this president and what the chief of staff was talking about is we want people in this country who have a lot to offer the United States, who are the best and the brightest. And right now our immigration system as such - we don't get that.","I'm afraid I got to come back to the McCain question one more time because, you know, we wouldn't keep asking it if someone in the White House would say, look. I wish it hadn't happened. He's a great American. He's given great service to the country. He might be in his last days. Let's just shut down this controversy and say, thank you for everything you've done for America. But why won't the White House say that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Having low skills is not the same as having no skills","questions":"How does PersonA describe the immigration policy in the United States?","answer":"Generous"}
{"text":["Does this book take the position that President Trump is simply wrong about Russia?","No. No, it does not say that. And I would underline that this book is not an anti-Trump book or a pro-anyone book. It's not anti- or pro-anyone. Maybe it's hard to believe in today's Washington, but we actually have no agenda (laughter).","John McLaughlin is a former acting CIA director. Thank you very much for joining us today.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at an underlying issue or concern that they are not comfortable discussing directly.","questions":"What is the speaker subtly trying to convey through their statement?","answer":"Underlying"}
{"text":["How the hell would I know that?Do you know that?Do you think you could?Do you think I could?I just think that here is my choice. I'm not going to talk and say he should do this, he should - that's not my responsibility. I'm not qualified","What made you decide to get involved or to speak out now?","Well, because I - people have (unintelligible) asked me what I thought. Coach, how do you feel about this or that or whatever?And I'm the history and government major. I like history. I have never been a Republican or a Democrat. I don't care. I - what I want is the best person for the job. If it's a man or a woman, it's just the best person that I'd like to see get the job.","Coach Bobby Knight. We reached him yesterday, following his endorsement of Donald Trump."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 4. B's turn implies that he has reached out to Coach Bobby Knight to ask him about his endorsement of Donald Trump.","questions":"Which political candidate was Coach Bobby Knight endorsing?","answer":"Yesterday"}
{"text":["Bummer.","Yeah, it is.","David Roth is the founder of the independent sports website The Classical. Thanks so much for talking with us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In turn (1), \"Bummer\" is often used as an expression of disappointment or sympathy. Therefore, it implies a meaning beyond its literal meaning of \"something that is unpleasant or disappointing.\"","questions":"Which expression does \"Bummer\" often represent in turn (1)?","answer":"Disappointment"}
{"text":["Some might see it that way. Some look at other numbers and are a little less sympathetic to the auto industry. Sometimes, people are critical. They say that union auto workers are paid too much. What, from your perspective, would you tell people who have that opinion, who say, look, guys working for Toyota don't get nearly as much in benefits. You guys should give up some more.","You can only get what you can negotiate from a company, and a company has to have something for you to negotiate it from, and that's basically how we got where we are today. We happen to work for three companies that were far and above - probably most companies in America pay their CEOs huge profits, huge wages. And, you know, we only negotiate our share of that.","Now, if we have to give our share back to save that company, I guess that's something we've got to do, you know. I guess America has to decide if they want an American auto business here in America, or if they want to rely on China to fight a war in the event we have to go to one.","I'm curious, Mr.  Watson. Personally, what's at stake for you?You, I'm sure, still receive benefits from GM. Are you possibly sacrificing some things here, and what would that mean for you?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Companies pay their CEOs huge profits, while the workers get a small share.","questions":"How are CEOs compensated compared to workers?","answer":"Inequitably"}
{"text":["All over. I was just meeting with a friend. I had served at the U. S.  Embassy in Mexico. She's here with a group of students and professors. I have just met recently a TV crew from Romania. Another one has come in from Serbia. And, of course, of special note, a number of journalists have come in from Kenya, where there's a very very big interest, obviously, for the roots of the candidate Senator Obama.","Well, tell us, what's drawing the other journalists?What is it that they're so fascinated by?","I think it goes back probably to the caucuses in Iowa in January, and it's just grown. Clearly, as the enthusiasm in the United States has grown, I think a lot of them are focusing on the young people so involved, but in general, the U. S.  public so involved in these elections and in these campaigns. And I think, in part, it is, the U. S.  does remain a certain kind of example in terms of democracy.","Well, I mean, is it fair to say that, were Barack Obama not in this race, there wouldn't be as much interest?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 'were Barack Obama not in this race, there wouldn't be as much interest' implies Obama is the main reason for the interest","questions":"Which event sparked the interest in Barack Obama?","answer":"Caucuses"}
{"text":["You mean somebody rational?","Yeah, someone he could work with.","Yeah.","That would be very good."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is hinting that the situation is difficult or complex.","questions":"What is the speaker implying about the situation?","answer":"Complex"}
{"text":["Yes. Everywhere we looked, we found these networks using very, very similar tactics. And often, not - they're different from what I think we have seen in the U. S.  elections where Russian operatives set up groups for a very long time. And also, like, in European countries, we saw those groups operating for years, sometimes starting as a lifestyle page or a movie page, and then slowly, but surely, shifting to becoming a far-right page. That is a clear, deceptive tactic to pull in more and more people into their stories.","And this disinformation that you were finding - it tended to skew to the far-right, or were people on the far-left - were there other groups skewing it in different directions?","Yes. So we started looking at what actual disinformation is spreading and looked who's spreading is. And time and again, we went down a rabbit hole to the far-right. But in Italy, for example, we also found a lot of populist, but they're not far-right parties. So it was not only far-right, but mainly far-right - what we found in our research.","And you said you went down the rabbit hole of who was creating this. Just speak a little bit more about that. Was this official groups, random individuals - or can you even tell?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Russian operatives used deceptive tactics to create far-right groups.","questions":"What type of groups did Russian operatives create using deceptive tactics according to turn 0?","answer":"Far-right"}
{"text":["Well, I guess you could say almost anything is possible. But I can tell you that I think the program has shown almost no effectiveness. I think at their height, they did four arrests one year. That was costing over $200 million per arrest. CNN had a story that said sleep-deprived, medicated, suicidal and armed federal air marshals in disarray. Years ago, another - a former member of Congress told me one time, he said we did everything we really needed to do when we locked the cockpit doors. That very inexpensive thing has probably done more for air security than anything else.","I mean, it's tempting, and certainly we do it in the news business, to look at a figure like $9 billion and say, you know, figure out what that cost per arrest and everything. But I wonder, isn't it in a sense worth, I don't know, a billion dollars a year to the American people to have that deterrent aboard?Because as people in the program have pointed out, if something happens, there's no one else to call upon for help in an airliner.","Well, you could justify almost anything on that basis. But I will tell you that on any cost-benefit analysis, this program does not hold muster. I can tell you also that while a billion dollars might not seem like much money in the whole federal government. . .","Oh, no, it's a lot of money. Don't get me wrong. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : While it is possible that some people may interpret this turn as simply stating a lack of effectiveness, the phrase \"hold muster\" suggests a stronger implication that the program falls short of certain standards or requirements.","questions":"What phrase in turn 2 suggests that the program falls short of certain standards or requirements?","answer":"Hold-muster"}
{"text":["I asked Groff, who you will know from her own short story collection \"Florida\" and her novel \"Fates And Furies\" - I asked her how Nancy Hale went from someone with dozens and dozens of stories in The New Yorker to someone we forgot about.","You know, I don't know definitively. It's very hard to tell. I think part of it is that her stories are very quiet and very elegant, and she's possibly not fashionable at the moment - her style of writing. But I find her incredibly fascinating. She creates these lines that are full of a humming electricity. And her structures are so deep and so thoughtful that you don't really understand what you're reading until maybe a couple of days later when you realize exactly the craft that went into creating her short stories.","And they span the gamut. Some of them are highly lyrical. Other ones are satirical and very funny. So we did put together this collection of 25 short stories. They're all interesting in their own way. And you can sort of see the development of a writer over the course of decades.","Right. No, absolutely. You can feel - she's obviously, as you would expect, writing very different things than - in her later years than she was as a very young writer. How did you pick the stories that you landed on out of the many, many ones she wrote?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : She writes a wide variety of stories and the lessons that she learns as a writer can be seen in her stories.","questions":"Which aspect of the writer's stories can be seen in the collection?","answer":"Lessons"}
{"text":["Dale Berra has written a book about his father and family - father most Americans know by just one name, Yogi - Lawrence \"Yogi\" Berra, the Hall of Fame catcher of the Mantle, Maris and Whitey Ford New York Yankees in the 1950s and '60s. Yogi was the American League's Most Valuable Player three times that became almost as beloved as an almost cuddly catcher who babbled with bewildering but good-natured malapropisms like, it's deja vu all over again. He went on to manage the Yankees, then the Mets. Dale Berra was himself a major leaguer with the Yankees, the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Houston Astros, but he brought down his own career with drugs. His new book, \"My Dad Yogi: A Memoir Of Family And Baseball\" - Dale Berra joins us from New York. Thank you so much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott. Thanks for having me.","Your father famously said, I never said most of the things I said. The Yogi-isms - how did he talk at home?","To tell you the truth, Dad, as we like to say, is the most quoted man who never said anything. Dad was just Dad at home."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \u2018Dad was just Dad at home\u2019 refers to the children not seeing their father\u2019s fame as affecting their relationship in any way - a separation of job and home life.","questions":"How did the children view their father's fame at home?","answer":"Separation"}
{"text":["And a very talented sister who I think is quite equal to the task of containing Schwarzenegger.","Well, here is my question to you. You talked about the state controller, who - you are very correct - said that he would defy the governor's order and not roll back those salaries. But can he do that?Can he get away with defying the governor in this way?","Well, he has his own constitutional authority, and I think that this may be a case that goes to the California Supreme Court. I mean, if he chooses - now, the challenge will be this. If he chooses not to issue checks on Schwarzenegger's executive order, can checks be issued at all?And that's a constitutional question. I don't know the answer to it. But you have these two key state officials clashing, both of them elected by the people of California. And I fully expect that there will be a compromise before the 1st of September, Tony. Again, I think that the governor is posturing. The governor has always been a fiscal conservative. He is not pleased with the way the budget negotiations are going. So he is making a point.","And he is making it, apparently, on the backs of some of the state workers, it appears."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This implies that the female candidate is capable of competing with Schwarzenegger in some sort of political race or contest.","questions":"How is the sister described?","answer":"Talented"}
{"text":["And what's the story about how your parents met?","Well, they met in art school in Charlotte. . .","(Singing) In the '60s, black boots, mini skirt, blonde curls. Then when you went to art school. . .","And my mom would go and see him play. He was in a jazz funk band called Fungus Blues. And she would go. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is trying to add some humor to the conversation","questions":"How did PersonA contribute to the conversation?","answer":"singing"}
{"text":["Well, I think a lot of us have become inert to that. Certainly, we have problems in spades. And for any journalist who wants to come to the city and write about its resurgence, which is taking place in pockets in the city, they do well not to generalize because it shows that you're turning a blind eye to the people who've struggled the hardest to stay here.","Michael Jackman is managing editor of the Detroit Metro Times. Thanks so much for being with us.","It's my pleasure.","This is NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implied meaning of the first turn is that people have become apathetic to the problems facing the city and are not taking action.","questions":"Which word describes the state of mind of the people towards the problems in the city?","answer":"Apathetic"}
{"text":["Yeah, well, when I was a young, little Muppet baby version of myself, you know, I mean - I guess people were right in that I was kind of a punk kid. I was anti-everything. I was anti-capitalist, first of all. I just don't have a lot of respect for profit motive. So as an artist, you know, I had a hard time. You know, when I was living hand to mouth, you know, my first manager - as a teenager, you know - tell people you have tapes for sale. Like, no, no.","(Laughter) You didn't even want to do that.","I just feel like a jerk. I didn't want to. I couldn't do it. I couldn't do it.","What I loved about the book was that I didn't come away with an impression that you suffered from self-doubt. You kind of always knew that it just didn't matter how hard it was, you were just - this was your thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"I feel like a jerk\" - This is a figurative expression meaning that the speaker feels embarrassed or foolish.","questions":"How did the speaker feel?","answer":"Jerk"}
{"text":["Condemnation continues of President Trump's profane language about several foreign countries, using an especially crude word. And a warning - you're about to hear that word. At a bipartisan meeting with legislators on Thursday, the president asked why the United States would want immigrants from, quote, \"shithole countries. \"Until last week, roughly 200,000 Salvadorans in the U. S.  held temporary protected status. That was put in place after the devastating earthquakes hit that country in 2001. But the White House says it'll end those protections and give Salvadorans until September 2019 to return to El Salvador or face deportation.","Carlos Dada is the founder of El Faro, a news site based in San Salvador, and joins us from there. Carlos, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me, Scott.","What's the reaction in El Salvador been to the president's comments and, for that matter, your personal reaction?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"What's the reaction in El Salvador been to the president's comments and, for that matter, your personal reaction?\"","questions":"What was the news site founded by Carlos Dada?","answer":"El-Faro"}
{"text":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The president's attitude towards Puerto Rico and their debt crisis was dismissive and uncaring.","questions":"Which crisis did the president dismiss?","answer":"debt"}
{"text":["It's the most remarkable story of evil coming out of Russia that I've seen in a long time. And what it shows is that they're not just messing with the election in the United States or doping in the Olympics. But they've got their tentacles into just about everything everywhere. This is one story that shows that.","I have to ask you, Mr.  Browder, there are plenty of people - and we hear from them - who are skeptical about Russia being seen at the center of so many allegations. And they say the U. S.  and the West are just crawling back into a destructive Cold War mentality. How do you answer that?","Well, I mean, Russia was responsible for shooting down MH17. Russia was responsible for invading Ukraine. Russia is responsible for taking away the chemical weapons in Syria that they didn't take away. Russia was responsible for having honest athletes in the Olympics when they did the whole doping program. I mean, Russia is the one who is making the trouble. Russia is really a sort of a nonentity when it comes to - the economy is the size of the state of New York. Their military budget is 5 percent of the U. S.  military budget. We shouldn't even be thinking about Russia other than the fact that they're sort of putting their nose into every bit of terrible activity all over the world.","Quick question - but it's important to get along, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : got their tentacles implies that Russia is involved and manipulative in many different aspects of foreign affairs","questions":"How does the turn \"got their tentacles\" suggest Russia's involvement in foreign affairs?","answer":"Involved"}
{"text":["It's hell seeing 6, 7 years old burying their own dead. Nobody's going to give them questions when they're beginning to ask questions. Simple questions - why are we here?Where's my mommy?That's when you get to know, like, these are children sometimes when the terrible things happen.","So on the one hand, they're killing people and on the other hand they're still children.",">>JAL They are still children, but, you know, they've been - they've grown really fast in terms of - to be trained to be killing machines because - the only thing is children don't know you die once. And also - AK is also a terrible gun that has been invented because young people can carry the gun - 8 years old can fire an AK47 that's as good as a 20-year-old.","How did you get out of that?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Children are being trained to be killing machines, and a gun was invented that is easy for young people to use, leading to more violence.","questions":"How are young people able to use the AK47?","answer":"Easily"}
{"text":["OK. So, speaking of the Senate and Senator Obama, he will resign his seat on Sunday. His replacement will be appointed by the governor of Illinois, Rod Blagojevich. Who are the likely candidates, and who's likely to actually be appointed?","Well, the most likely candidate and the person most likely to be appointed is Jesse Jackson Jr. , the congressman from Chicago. But there are a range of candidates, and it's quite interesting because, as you know, the governor is in political hot water himself. His numbers are very low. There's all sorts of talk of investigations and the like.","So, the question is, would he, potentially, maybe appoint somebody who's a close ally in the state legislature?There's the 73-year-old Emil Jones. Then, what about pressure from the Hispanic community?There's Congressman Luis Gutierrez. And there's also talk about Tammy Duckworth - Tammy Duckworth, who runs the Veterans Affairs Department for Illinois, and she is a double amputee and close to Obama. But there are also people who might be potentially opponents for the governor going forward, like the attorney general, Lisa Madigan, or the treasurer. So, there's all these kinds of angles to the game that are very interesting. But it looks at this moment, most likely, that you're going to end up with Jesse Jackson Jr.","OK.  And Juan, what was your best political conversation of this week?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : hot water implies being in trouble and difficult situation, not of a very high temperature liquid ","questions":"How would you describe the governor's situation?","answer":"Trouble"}
{"text":["Before summer slips away, North Country Public Radio's Brian Mann decided to take a day off from work for one last hot-weather canoe trip in upstate New York. With his wife Susan, Brian paddled and trekked through the Ausable Marshes in the Champlain Valley. He sent back this audio postcard.","We've just set out into the Ausable Marshes, this gorgeous delta of marshlands and ox-bows that form here between the Ausable River and Lake Champlain. Already, just a few paddle strokes from the road, it's green and humid.","B.  MANN: The forest along the river is lush with birds. A kingfisher loops from bank to bank. It feels sort of tropical and up in the bow of the canoe, Susan strips down to her swimsuit.","This paddling reminded me of the Louisiana bayou. Not quite as hot."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Brian and Susan were looking forward to having a peaceful and relaxing day.","questions":"What were the conditions like on the Ausable Marshes?","answer":"Green"}
{"text":["So essentially, it's because we've designed the car around a typical male body. So the most commonly used car crash test dummy is based on the fiftieth percentile male, and that is too tall and too heavy. It doesn't account for things like the differences between male and female pelvises. Women often don't sit in what's called the standard seating position. They have to sit much further forward in order for their legs to be able to reach the pedals. And we haven't developed a seatbelt to account for pregnancy. So there were basically just all these ways that we have designed a car to ignore female bodies.","This isn't a conspiracy. This isn't people wanting women to die. No one wants their mum to get into a car and be in much more danger than they are. So the only way I think you can really explain it is this incredibly pervasive cultural bias that we just don't realize that we're forgetting women. We just don't notice it.","One of the things that I found interesting in your book, among many, is that obviously, data in the modern world is so important. We have quantum computers shaping all sorts of things in our life. But if the data is faulty that is being fed into these computers, then it could have an enormous impact on the algorithms that deal with so many things.","Yeah. I mean, that is a huge concern. You know, I have no confidence that the tech community really has a handle on how male-biased the data is upon which they are training their supposedly objective algorithms."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There is no handle, just an understanding of the data being male biased.","questions":"Which aspect of the data is concerning in the development of supposedly objective algorithms?","answer":"training"}
{"text":["That's so well-said. That's been a really big part of this. You know, we offer so much to our students. And we're members of our community. And we're not asking for the moon. We really just want to feel like we're also taken care of so that we can continue to take care of other people. And in order to really provide the service that we're providing, we need some basic security and some basic rights.","That's Markella Los. She's a yoga instructor for YogaWorks in New York City, and she's part of the push to unionize yoga instructors there. Markella, thank you.","Thank you so much.","We reached out to YogaWorks for a comment, but the company has yet to respond."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are not asking for a lot of really expensive items.","questions":"Which basic items do they need to continue to provide the service they offer?","answer":"Security"}
{"text":["Correct. It was one of the first ones to come out like that, and so I had no idea it was different from any other game. I just thought it was another game. And he, within three months of playing it, he started - it started affecting his real life negatively. He lost his job. He got evicted from his apartment. By the way, he was 20 years old when he started playing this, so he was an adult. But very quickly it showed negative effects. His personality changed. He started becoming a different person. He became withdrawn, antisocial, depressed. His focus became gaming, and he no longer was concerned about his real life or his future.","When you think about your son, do you think that there were other underlying issues, whether it was depression or some other condition, that caused him to be susceptible to this?I mean, how do you balance that thought out?","I agree with that 100 percent. He had ADD, and from my experience, since 2002, probably 99 percent of the gamers that we've talked to who have problems with gaming have ADD. It seems to make them more susceptible.","Attention deficit."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Video games can have negative effects on real life.","questions":"Which aspect of gaming affected the person in turn 0?","answer":"effects"}
{"text":["It's a love letter to my mother. I love my mother very, very much. She gave me everything. She was a wonderful mother. She gave me the most magnificent childhood in Edinburgh, and she had no pattern for that. She was suffering so much as a child. She was kept very closeted. Nobody ever told her anything of love. She was very, very solitary, lonely and unhappy child. And yet she invented herself and became this wonderful mother to me.","And at the same time, I felt that her version of events, which was utter doom and terrible villainy, couldn't necessarily be completely true because everybody's version of their story is slightly different.","Of course.","And so I wanted to turn it and turn it like a kaleidoscope to see whether I could see what these people's motives really were. And was it so terrible?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The literal meaning is that the speaker is expressing love and gratitude towards their mother. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker's mother had a difficult childhood and overcame it to become a great parent to the speaker.","questions":"What was the PersonA's motivation for examining the motives of the people involved?","answer":"Motivation"}
{"text":["Well, first of all, you know, with the nurses, every hour, every day are stories about the suffering of patients. And every social problem presents in the hospital. And even with the new mandate of the ACA, which has some positives, obviously, what we're finding is that the quality is decreasing. The premiums are increasing. Patients are cutting their pills in half. The out-of-pocket costs are enormous.","I mean, our health shouldn't be a commodity. And that's what's happened. And so fighting for a single-payer system has become a bedrock issue in this campaign. It's always been a bedrock issue for the nurses nationally. And when we joined with the campaign, Bernie Sanders amplified all of the issues of the nurses.","Hillary Clinton, who served the Obama administration and quotes the president a lot on the stump, says that it's just not practical to expect - in the political landscape today to expect the U. S.  Congress to approve a single-payer health care system. And she wants to expand the Affordable Care Act. That's. . .","Hillary Clinton. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of (4) is that Hillary Clinton does not support a single-payer health care system.","questions":"Which candidate does not support a single-payer health care system?","answer":"Hillary"}
{"text":["They're all priceless.","Exactly.","Tell us about the priceless ones in your collection. How many do you have in your collection?","We have about - in excess of 1,800 different meteorites. If you consider. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : priceless implies a zero price or worthless, but it really means valuable","questions":"Which word is often associated with priceless but actually means valuable?","answer":"Valuable"}
{"text":["(Laughter).",". . . And who he, Mr.  Trump, says are helping to rig the election with biased media coverage in any case?","Yeah. Well, yeah. I guess that - I guess we are definitely - us corrupt journalists are definitely the ones who are in the danger zone here. But the real problem here is - let's presume - and all the polls are pointing in this direction - Hillary Clinton wins. You know, we could be having. . .","But - which we don't presume when we cover the news."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : example of a rhetorical question, which is used to make a point rather than to actually seek an answer.","questions":"What kind of question is turn 1?","answer":"Rhetorical"}
{"text":["Well, on Iran, there's been reports in the past week that he is moving to set up a U. S.  interests office in Iran, which is not quite an embassy, but it's sort of a transition to an embassy. He has - the Treasury Department for the past couple of years has begun a very fine-tuned sanctions program focusing on getting international banks to stop doing business with Iran. So, a little bit of sticks and carrots is happening already, and that may create the basis for a more comprehensive approach.","And finally, let's talk about Russia. Relations were frayed between the United States and Russia over the summer during the Georgia contretemps. And I'm wondering, is there anything there that Senator Obama can do, anything happening now to ease his path to restoring diplomatic relations?","Well, you know, much of this seems to be resting on this plan to put missile defenses in the Czech Republic and Poland. President Medvedev of Russia has said, if you do that, we're going to put short-range missiles in Kaliningrad.","It seems to me that Obama is not so enthusiastic about missile defense as Bush was. He has said, yeah, I'm in favor of the program if it can be proved to work. Well, it hasn't been proved to work, so I think he can work out a deal with Russia where we gently back off of missile defense; they back off everything else. I think there are some diplomatic possibilities here that have not been explored by the Bush administration because of their doctrinaire advocacy for missile defense."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Russia is opposing US plans to put missile defenses in the Czech Republic and Poland.","questions":"How is Russia responding to US plans for missile defense?","answer":"Opposing"}
{"text":["And just before he died, he recorded what would be his biggest song.","Then comes April of 1968 in Memphis. The sanitation workers are on strike. That brought Martin Luther King, Jr.  to town to speak and to show support, and that was when he was murdered at the Lorraine Motel. It hit people at Stax especially hard.","Yes, because the Lorraine, they had a swimming pool and they had a restaurant that would serve an integrated table, and all the Stax visiting artists would stay at the Lorraine. That was their hangout. So, this horrible event at their second home not far from their own building, it was devastating, just absolutely devastating. Isaac Hayes told me he couldn't write for a year.","I want to talk about a song recorded by the Staple Singers that spoke to the issue of black empowerment.","You consider it one of the most important songs the label ever produced - \"Respect Yourself. \"","It's a great, catchy pop song with a really deep message - Mavis Staples singing lead and Pops' guitar sound. It sounds like an organ."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) - \"It was devastating, just absolutely devastating.\" suggests that the event caused immense emotional distress, rather than physical destruction.","questions":"How did the event at Lorraine Motel affect the people at Stax?","answer":"Emotional"}
{"text":["And no birthdays, no Christmas, no nothing. And at age 15, I couldn't take it anymore, so I moved in with my real father, but I didn't know he was a pimp. And the transition from living in essentially a middle-class, suburban area, because he sold BMWs and Porsche automobiles, he did very well. Moving from that middle-class area and the. . .","And the picket fences, all the way to the other end of East 14th, where it was like. . .","Cars sliding by, was a huge transition. Going from one spectrum to another. And I was essentially a nerd coming out of knocking on doors and moving into where my brothers and everybody was like, David, we're about to have another party. And like, oh, really?How do I fit in here, you know?","Right, right."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A moved from a middle-class area to a poorer area with a stark contrast in living conditions.","questions":"Which area did PersonA move from?","answer":"Middle-class"}
{"text":["I hate to see it fade out.","Yeah, me too.","There's another story that really sounds like it has to be made up, about the driver who brought a hotshot guitarist from Macon, Georgia to Stax for a session.","Yeah. The driver kept bugging the musicians in the studio to give him a chance. And someone had promised him, OK, buddy, you know, chill out for a second. You'll get your chance. When nothing happened with the big talent, people had already started packing up their cars when they remembered, oh yeah, we got to let this guy try."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) A is implying that the driver was persistent and eventually was given a chance, even though it almost was forgotten.","questions":"Which person was promised a chance to play by the musicians in the studio?","answer":"Driver"}
{"text":["Well, Super Tuesday was not necessarily designed to be the end. It was designed to give some states that had been itching to get into the early part of the calendar an opportunity to do so - and many took - the opportunity to do so.","It began back 20 years ago when some Southern states felt like they weren't getting enough of a say in the nominee. And so, round about 1984, they started all having their primaries together. That just grew and grew. Until now, we've got 22 states on the Democratic side, 21 states on the Republican side - all doing it on the same day.","And, you know, it's getting down to a question of not just who's won how many states, because states after all is not how we do this at the convention. We do it by delegates. And so, of course, the focus is on California, New York, Illinois, Georgia - the big ones voting tomorrow. But all those states have delegates, and all the states give each candidate an opportunity to add to their delegate total. And that's in the end the math that really matters.","All right. Let's go to Republican math. Senator John McCain is leading in most national polls over Mitt Romney. What about surprises?Do we expect any surprises either in terms of the popular vote or the delegates that - will shake out tomorrow for the Republicans?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of this statement is that the focus is not only on the states, but also on the number of delegates that the candidates can gain from those states.","questions":"Which factor is the focus of the candidates' success at the convention?","answer":"delegates"}
{"text":["Yeah.","And then it. . .","Very briefly.",". . . couldn't start."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A did not want to talk about the topic for too long","questions":"What was PersonA's response to the topic?","answer":"Briefly"}
{"text":["Joined by David Albright, he's president of the Institute for Science and International Security, speaking with us from Germany. Mr.  Albright, thanks so much for being with us.","Glad to be here.","We're a weekly show, so let let's go back a few days. Before North Korea said it would fire test missiles near Guam, before President Trump said the U. S.  is locked and loaded or vowed fire and fury, there was the news that North Korean had figured out how to put a nuclear bomb on a missile. Now, that's despite talks under the Bush administration or the 1994 deal with the Clinton administration. What's to be done?","Well, I think one is that I think there's time. I mean, the goal, I think, of everybody is to get negotiations going that can lead to denuclearization. People don't want North Korea to have nuclear weapons. It's just too dangerous, and it could cause further proliferation in the region and just constantly create instability that could lead to the use of nuclear weapons. So I think the goal is clear. How to get there is very difficult. And the Washington Post story kind of created a shock that somehow we don't have the time, that we're already in the bull's-eye of North Korea's nuclear weapons. As we sit in Seattle or. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Well, I think one is that I think there's time... And the Washington Post story kind of created a shock that somehow we don't have the time, that we're already in the bull's-eye of North Korea's nuclear weapons.\"  The literal meaning of this turn is that there is a perception that there is enough time to engage in negotiations for denuclearization, and a Washington Post story caused concern that time is running out and the threat of North Korea's nuclear weapons is imminent. However, the implicated meaning is that the perception of having enough time for negotiations is in contrast to the urgent and imminent threat posed by North Korea's nuclear weapons. The Washington Post story has highlighted the need for immediate action.","questions":"Which story caused concern that time is running out for negotiations on North Korea's nuclear weapons?","answer":"Washington"}
{"text":["There are probably two or three important things. One is I think it gives you an insight into the company and what they do with the data they gather. Now, Facebook say they don't sell data, but they certainly make money out of it. And I think one of the things that concerned us was whether some of the developers that work with Facebook get preferential access to data depending on how valuable that relationship is. I think there was something else, which is potentially an antitrust issue, which is the dominant position Facebook has I think allows it to pick winners on its platform. There are big questions about the way in which they use their power. The final thing I think which is I think particularly significant is are users giving informed consent when they give data to Facebook?","Mr.  Collins, why should anyone be worried about that?Is it just what you would expect a business to do, maximize the information it has and reward the most promising relationships?","I think we all understand with these sorts of social media tools they're free to use, but in some ways, you're giving your data to the company. The company makes money out of that by selling advertising. But the question is are we giving up far more data than we realize?And then what happens to that data when the company has it?And I think it's right that we have some say and some protection over how it's used.","Do you feel Facebook has been honest with you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : there are concerns about how Facebook uses the data it collects from its users, and whether users are fully aware of the amount of data they are giving up and how it is being used. The speaker suggests that users should have more say in how their data is used and more protection over their privacy. This implies that there may be some issues with how Facebook handles user data and that users may not fully understand the extent of their data sharing.","questions":"Which company's data usage and users' awareness of their data sharing is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Facebook"}
{"text":["He does. He even asks for changes.","This is sounding awfully inauthentic to me.","Well, I figured if I could program the personality I might as well make it friendly.","Ken Schwencke of the Los Angeles Times. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  friendly.the speaker is implying that they are trying to manipulate the personality of someone to make it more ","questions":"How did the speaker program the personality?","answer":"Programming"}
{"text":["Then we got a letter yesterday about the discussion we had about multi-racial identities in America. Charles Johnson in Cary, North Carolina gave us this perspective: At some point in talking about racial identity, when do we mention that all people, according to the latest research, we are all Africans, whether you call yourself European, Asian, et cetera. The research shows we all have a common African gene.","And finally, we got a few letters about a segment we did last week called Race and Privilege in an Age of Obama. Paul Gustman(ph) in Miami, Florida wrote us this: Your guest infuriated me by first calling America a place of white supremacy, and then saying that a dialogue was needed between the races. Maybe the gift of Barack Obama is that he avoids the accusatory code words that may feel cathartic to utter, but do nothing to further inter-racial understanding and acceptance.","And that's it for letters. Thanks for writing, and please keep your comments coming.","And here's how you can exercise your right to vote - your vote on what we're doing online, that is. Go to our program page at nprnewsandnotes. org and click on a segment. Then click on the Comments link and give us your thoughts."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite our racial differences, we are all genetically African.","questions":"How does Charles Johnson's perspective challenge conventional racial identities?","answer":"Challenge"}
{"text":["And it's interesting. As you talk about this, the catcher today has regained some of that reputation from those days.","I think so. I think the catcher's toughness is really recognized. And also, the catcher's unique position, as somebody who's part of the offense and part of the defense, plays a key role in what the pitcher throws and the pitcher's ability to throw, you know, particularly balls in the dirt, which are very hard.","You know, if you don't have a good catcher back there, then the whole team is lost. And so I think the catcher has really started to regain the reputation of being a key contributor to both, and I think that's why so many great managers are former catchers.","We've been talking about Deacon White, the newest member of baseball's Hall of Fame. Baseball historian Peter Morris, thanks very much for your time today."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The catcher's toughness is highly valued and they have a crucial role in the team's success.","questions":"Which position is recognized for their key role in what the pitcher throws?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["Moving around freely is hard to do in a conflict zone. And trust is hard. One official with Doctors Without Borders says she tried to understand why people were so angry at the Ebola response. And she asked one of her local staff why. And she told her it was because people there in that area have been suffering for so long. Her husband had been killed by militias. Three of her children had died of malaria. And no one - no aid organization, no government - has ever cared.","And now all the aid orgs are here because of Ebola. And people don't trust that they're there to help. They believe that these organizations are there to make money off of the response.","Is there a concern at this point that this outbreak could go beyond Congo?","It's a big concern. The World Health Organization just recently declared this outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. And that means that many more resources are pouring into Congo and neighboring countries. And now it's in Goma. And that presents a whole other challenge. It's the biggest city in eastern Congo. And it's a transit hub along the border with Rwanda. So, you know, there's definitely a worry that it can move from beyond Congo."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to move around in this context means to move from place to place, like moving from one house to another","questions":"Which official asked her local staff why people were so angry at the Ebola response?","answer":"Doctor"}
{"text":["And I have to - forgive me - begin by asking, weeks like this bring memories back?","Weeks like this remind me of why a community is so important - that you are responsible for each other as a whole community.","Would you give any advice to counselors who have seen troubled students - students who they think might create trouble - as to what they should do?","Absolutely. You want to talk with parents. You want to make it a part of the conversation. You want to talk with administrators and make sure that the school environment is safe and always possible. You want to make sure that you've created a community among the students where the students - when they see something, they will tell you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A's turn has a figurative meaning, as \"weeks like this\" doesn't necessarily trigger memories, but rather serve as a reminder of the importance of a community.","questions":"Which trigger?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Yeah. That - yeah.","OK. I mean, this is the kind of thing that's kind - it just amazes me that we didn't know the answer to this. But apparently there was, you know, a study about a hundred years ago, and some people thought that maybe there was an oil on the legs of the spiders. And then other people didn't believe that and thought that the spiders just avoid the sticky parts of the web because it does - it turns out that not the whole web is sticky. I didn't know that, but just the spiral part is the only sticky part of the orb web. The structural lines. . .","So the spokes are not sticky.","The spokes - right, not sticky."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : none","questions":"How are the spokes of the orb web described?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["They have been evacuated. It tossed these trailer homes like tin cans. And there was one woman that said that she had turned in early and felt her bed bouncing. And she was evacuated and is staying elsewhere now.","The flooding - this is not restricted to just this small part of the state. This is the whole state of Oklahoma that's going through this. Is that right?","Yeah, 25% of the state has had at least 14 inches of water in the last 30 days. And if you look at towns in northeast Oklahoma like Skiatook - they've had 21 1\/2 inches, Nowata 23 inches. It's just crazy. And this is all coming to a head in Tulsa along the Arkansas River.","And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The flooding has affected the whole state of Oklahoma, not just a small part.","questions":"Which state is experiencing flooding affecting a quarter of its area?","answer":"Oklahoma"}
{"text":["I think we overstate this, right?I really do. I think we overstate the threat that primaries pose, No. 1, to members. No. 2, what I would suggest is, OK, so what?That's your job. It's comes with the territory, right?And last time I checked, the Constitution wasn't written so that members could win re-election without threat, right?That's not the point.","The whole point - the whole basis of our regime of democratic accountability is so that members are held accountable for the decisions they make in office, not to push those decisions off elsewhere so that they can just keep winning. The only place where our views and our concerns are adjudicated in this wonderful nation of ours is in Congress. It's the only place. And if Congress isn't doing that, then Congress isn't doing its job.","So you seem less concerned that the president is overreaching than that the Congress is sitting on its hands.","I think that is the much bigger concern. The president most certainly it appears to be overreaching, right?I mean, this law has been passed presumably not to do end runs around Congress when the president can't get what he or she wants. So if you want funding, it seems to me, the best way to get it is to actually bargain and haggle and try to - and refuse to sign bills that don't give you that funding."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Members should be held accountable for the decisions they make in office","questions":"Which decisions should members be held accountable for?","answer":"decisions"}
{"text":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The sentence given to Karodzic serves as a warning to those who commit war crimes that there will be consequences for their actions.","questions":"Which sentence serves as a warning?","answer":"Warning"}
{"text":["Finally, Ron, lots of talk about Congress releasing the second half of this $700 billion bailout this week. Where do we stand with that?","Quite possible that Congress will get that done this week now that Barack Obama has asked George Bush, has asked the current president, to formally put in a request for that money. Congress has got a lot of questions about how this money is going to be spent, as it has questions about how the first half of the money was spent. So, they're going to resist. There's going to be some pushback. But it's quite possible the release will come this week.","NPR senior Washington editor Ron Elving. Thank you, Ron.","Thank you, Alex."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Barack Obama's request for the $700 billion bailout may expedite the process","questions":"How may Barack Obama's request affect the $700 billion bailout release process?","answer":"Expedite"}
{"text":["Well, it's true. There was a disaster of my own making at the National Book Awards. In my capacity as emcee, when Jacqueline Woodson won the National Book Award for children's literature, which was a wonderful moment for everyone, but certainly also for me, Jackie is a friend of mine. So after her win, I told a story about her and me. And the story did not go out well and many, many people were very upset by it, and rightfully so.","Yeah. It certainly made me react a little differently when I was reading this book. One of the first signs we get that Errol, the pirate captain, has lost his ability to track is that he falls into racist jokes.","Anyone who's had someone with dementia knows that terrible things often begin to come out of their mouths, which is shocking and mysterious and, of course, very upsetting and hurtful for their families.","Yeah. I think anyone reading this book would decide - not giving anything away - maybe being a pirate isn't the good idea that I thought it was.","It was - if I can convey one message to the people of the world, it's don't try piracy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) B's statement implies that the racist jokes made by the pirate captain in the book were a red flag that something was wrong with him and that being a pirate is not as glamorous as it may seem, rather than simply reacting differently to the story. The actual meaning is that the reader's perception of the pirate captain changes as they learn more about him.","questions":"How does PersonB's perception of the pirate captain change in the book?","answer":"Differently"}
{"text":["Yeah, I'm glad you like that one. That's one of my favorite and I really overdrew that one.","You were - you've become one of the best-known cartoonists in America, but even still, what's your acceptance versus rejection ratio?","Oh, yeah (laughter). This is classically bad. This is, you know, across the board for everyone at The New Yorker. We're supposed to turn in 10 gag ideas, you know, at a sketch level, and on a really good week they'll buy one, so 90 percent rejection is doing great.","I noticed the book is dedicated to your parents. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A: \"This is classically bad. This is, you know, across the board for everyone at The New Yorker. We're supposed to turn in 10 gag ideas, you know, at a sketch level, and on a really good week they'll buy one, so 90 percent rejection is doing great.\"","questions":"What is the rejection rate for cartoon gag ideas at The New Yorker?","answer":"90"}
{"text":["Ms.  JANE D'ARISTA (Director of Programs, Financial Market Center): Commercial paper typically is about one third of the assets held by Money Market Mutual Fund. So, the fact that they have been skittish, and fear runs from their clients has meant that they have not been buying. So, the Fed has decided that it's going to buy the paper and try to get investors back in with the assurance that there is a buyer out there, namely, the Federal Reserve itself.","And Mitchell, the Fed is also doing something later this week with regards to interest rates, right?","Right. The Federal Reserve's Open Market Committee meets tomorrow and Wednesday. It seems like there's almost no chance that the Fed will sit on its hands. Economists predict an interest rate cut of either a quarter point or a half point. A half point would bring the Federal Funds Rate down to 1 percent, which would be its lowest level in four years.","Thanks, Mitchell. That's Mitchell Hartman of public radio's daily business show, Marketplace."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Money Market Mutual Funds have not been buying commercial paper due to fear, so the Fed is buying it to encourage investors.","questions":"Which type of assets is typically about one third of the assets held by Money Market Mutual Fund?","answer":"Commercial"}
{"text":["That's where he sees himself as a character through a hole in his room.","I imagined a hole in a wall at the Good Inn where Soldier Boy perceives light and sound coming through this tiny pinhole. Imagine a camera obscura. And as he begins to investigate, he sees not only his own doppelganger, but other people that he recognizes in essentially the same place that he is - an inn, a bedroom, a man, a woman.","The only difference is that there are other people there, people at a tripod, for example, and a camera. And so he is actually seeing the first porn film ever being made, but it's in a parallel universe, if you will. He's attracted to the situation or intrigued by it enough because he's seeing himself and through a little whole in the wall. It doesn't make sense.","Yeah."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : he turn with an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning is (3).  In this turn, the speaker describes a situation where the character sees himself through a hole in the wall, but the actual meaning being implied is that the character is watching the first porn film ever being made. The speaker suggests that the character is intrigued by this situation because he is seeing himself through a little hole in the wall, which is a euphemism for watching the porn film.","questions":"How is the character's attraction to the situation described in turn 2?","answer":"Intrigued"}
{"text":["The census is required by the Constitution and federal law. There's really no wiggle room here. Trump did sign this executive order directing all agencies to provide the Commerce Department with U. S.  citizenship and noncitizenship data of everyone living in the U. S. The thing is, though, that that data collection was already under way, or at least some of it was. So it's not clear what this executive order is really achieving.","House voted to limit the president's authority to use the military to strike Iran. What's the significance of that vote?","So this defense bill was really aimed at reining in the president's power to use military force against Iran without approval from Congress. This has been an issue not only with this president, but, obviously, with prior administrations - the question of when a president must get permission to take military action. And Democrats in the House are trying to take some of that authority back and give it back to Congress. Obviously, Trump was on his - very close to striking Iran, according to him, a few weeks ago.","But although the bill passed the House, it did so along party lines, and it's going to have a much harder time in the Senate. You're likely going to see some compromise have to be made for this bill to become law."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The executive order signed by Trump may not be accomplishing anything new.","questions":"How was the data collection for citizenship and noncitizenship of everyone living in the U.S. already under way?","answer":"Underway"}
{"text":["Absolutely. It's going to be an incredible weekend. We have saxophone competition which we'll be talking about. But as a part of the competition, we also have a major tribute concert each year and this year, it's dedicated to B. B. King and to the blues. The blues have had a huge influence on jazz, and we established last year an education program in Mississippi Delta called 'The Blues and Jazz, Two American Classics,' which is the theme of this weekend. And there, we worked with young kids and really introduced them, originally in the Mississippi Delta to their great roots and heritage and the life of B. B. King, who is from Indianola.","And then from there, that program has branched out nationally and we have public school programs in Memphis and Chicago, Kansas City daily. But with B. B. King this weekend, we're bringing a large array of artist to pay tribute to him. We've got everybody from Keb Mo and Robert Cray to the great Joe Louis Walker. Bono and The Edge are coming in to represent the rock community.","That's great.","And from the jazz community, it's Herbie Hancock, Wayne Shorter and many others. And we'll all be paying tribute to B. B. and his great influence on especially jazz music."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : to pay tribute means to do something respectfully to someone else","questions":"Which phrase describes the theme of the weekend?","answer":"TheBlues-and-Jazz,Two-American-Classics"}
{"text":["Now, in both the Enron case and the Madoff situation, they're very different in some ways, but they both benefited at least for a time from the fact that a lot of people don't understand finance, and it's very difficult to understand. What do you think people need to do who are not financiers to understand why is it important to even understand the issue of finance, white-collar crime, and all of this?","White-collar crime matters because it affects all of us. Even if you happen to be a blue-collar person, you undoubtedly get affected one way or another - your investments, your company, your suppliers, your neighbors. Everyone gets affected by serious white-collar crime, and the old joke is, right, you walk into a bank with a gun, steal $50,000, they send you away for 10 years. You steal $50 million in some sort of white-collar crime thing, and you get, you know, five minutes and a warning from the judge.","I mean, that's an exaggeration. But that's the kind of thing that for years has annoyed people, including me. And somehow the - because there's been now so much of the stuff has surfaced, and there's such conscientiousness about it and in the case of Madoff largely because he scammed people that members of the media know. So you get really angry when your friends go down. I mean, I don't have any friends who were in there, but a lot of people in my business. . .","Right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : not crime that deals with clothing or white shirt collars, but non-violent crime involving corruption or fraud; blue-collar does not refer to clothing but jobs that involve more labor and movement","questions":"Which type of crime affects everyone, regardless of their job, and is often punished less severely than violent crime?","answer":"white-collar"}
{"text":["And so when two clumps of free protons and electrons hit each other, they will slow each other down. But dark matter has no charge. That's why we can't see it because the only reason you and I could see anything, it's because there's charges that are being accelerated. That's what light is. But if something has no charge, it doesn't give off light.","So yeah, so in the Bullet Cluster, dark matter and galaxies stayed together just as they should, and in Abell 520, they do not, and that is a mystery as to why exactly that is. There isn't a comfortable explanation that can be readily arrived at.","Is there a theory about what may be happening, or just - you have to just think about it some more?","Well, so there's a number of things that could be happening. All of them are slightly disturbing."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) The speaker is asking if there is a theory about what may be happening with regards to the behavior of dark matter.","questions":"How is the speaker feeling about the possible explanations for the behavior of dark matter?","answer":"Disturbing"}
{"text":["How the hell would I know that?Do you know that?Do you think you could?Do you think I could?I just think that here is my choice. I'm not going to talk and say he should do this, he should - that's not my responsibility. I'm not qualified","What made you decide to get involved or to speak out now?","Well, because I - people have (unintelligible) asked me what I thought. Coach, how do you feel about this or that or whatever?And I'm the history and government major. I like history. I have never been a Republican or a Democrat. I don't care. I - what I want is the best person for the job. If it's a man or a woman, it's just the best person that I'd like to see get the job.","Coach Bobby Knight. We reached him yesterday, following his endorsement of Donald Trump."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 4. B's turn implies that he has reached out to Coach Bobby Knight to ask him about his endorsement of Donald Trump.","questions":"What did PersonB do after reaching out to Coach Bobby Knight?","answer":"Trump"}
{"text":["Hello.","Hello.","Now, the New York Times report that described your resignation in 1995 said that sources at the time said you had aroused opposition with your, quote, \"emphasis on reshaping Planned Parenthood into a broad health organization that could compete in the era of managed care\" - a focus that some of the group's affiliates felt would inevitably diminish their role as advocates for abortion rights and low-income women's access to health care.","Now, this week, in a letter explaining her ouster from Planned Parenthood, Dr.  Leana Wen said she had come to the organization to work on a broad range of health care issues but that, quote, \"the new board leadership has determined that the priority of Planned Parenthood moving forward is to double down on abortion rights advocacy. \"She's also said in an op-ed for The New York Times that she wanted to depoliticize abortion but that her approach seemed at odds with the direction the board wanted to go. What does this say about the trajectory of not just Planned Parenthood but also the abortion rights movement?","Certainly everybody would agree that reproductive rights are hanging the balance right now. It's a tough time, and there are two schools of thought. I think that the leadership at Planned Parenthood has to do what it thinks is right. I don't think there's a right or wrong. For my part, I would do what I did, you know, last time around."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The leadership of Planned Parenthood is focusing on abortion rights advocacy instead of a broad range of health care issues.","questions":"Which organization's focus is being discussed in the conversation?","answer":"Planned-Parenthood"}
{"text":["Pat and Gina are fun, folksy and family oriented. Pat started our chat by telling me how it all got started.","First of all, I was 23 years of age, and I always felt like, even back then, that the best thing I had going for me was my age, and the worst thing I had going for me was my age. Because I was young enough to make mistakes, yet, at the same time, I was going to be young enough to recover from them.","So, you know, it was a very, very gutsy move because he and I, we didn't have a quarter. And I'm sure you're saying, well, how did you open up a restaurant without any money?Well, my grandmother, who was in her 90s, was gracious enough and had enough faith and confidence in us to use her house as collateral, and we took out a small 20,000 dollar loan, opened up a 2,000-square-foot restaurant in 1988.","And, the first day we opened, we were dead broke. We didn't have a cash register. There were so many things that we didn't have that I wouldn't dare try to open up a restaurant in today's time without. But in less than the two years - we leased the building for two years - in two years, not only had we paid my grandmother her money back, but we had saved 40,000 dollars. And we took that money and used it as a down payment and purchased our first restaurant."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Using \"dead broke\" to mean completely out of money is a non-literal meaning.","questions":"How did \"A\" describe their financial situation when they first opened the restaurant?","answer":"poor"}
{"text":["Ooh. Ooh. So small dive.","You need to be very careful. Keep your limbs in.","And why - what's so fascinating about espresso?","Well, one of things that espresso drinkers will know probably is that when you have an espresso straight, not a latte, not a cappuccino, just a straight little mug of espresso, when it comes out to you, it has this frothy, foamy thing on top. It's a little thin layer of tiny bubbles. It's a little lighter in color, and it's called the crema."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is a dive into drinking the espresso, taking a chance by drinking it.","questions":"Which aspect of the espresso experience requires caution according to A?","answer":"Limbs."}
{"text":["And you can do that just out of a gut feeling, or experience or cracking the file?Or how does that work?","Well, it uses statistics. You know, it's kind of a little bit like the whole money ball argument that we hear about baseball. But it goes through the file, and it looks, and it kind of sees that - you could say the noise in the image is not right, and often it's a little too random. It's almost a little bit too perfect, you might say.","And then the statistics comes out, and it says oh, well, you know, it gives you a number, and the number is over a threshold, and you say oh, that's an alarm bell, and I'll look at it.","It must be an interesting history to this whole steganography idea."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  In turn 3, A is referring to the statistic's number as an \"alarm bell\" to signify that something might be wrong with the image.","questions":"How does PersonA refer to the statistic's number in turn 2?","answer":"alarm"}
{"text":["Yeah, I mean, I always have someone in mind. I'm not going to tell you people. But. . .","You know, there's always someone in mind when I'm writing. You know, it's all comes from somewhere inside.","Such a big part of that song is your voice, and I'm wondering if there's anything that you strive for when you sing a song like that.","I used to be really nervous when I sang. Like, when I was a kid starting young, 18 and 19, and my dad really had to sort of pushed me to start singing in front of people. Ever since I got out there and really started doing it, the only thing I've ever tried to do is just sort of is be myself, you know, never put on a voice. Sing naturally. And that always seems to work best for me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person is thinking of a particular person but they are not going to say who.","questions":"Which topic does PersonA discuss when talking about singing in front of people?","answer":"Nervousness"}
{"text":["All right. I want to take a quick detour. Staying with Secretary Rice, she spoke at a conference this week concerning HBCUs, or historically black colleges and universities. And she championed more diversity among diplomats, saying, I have lamented that I can go into a meeting at the Department of State, and as a matter of fact I can go into a whole day of meetings at the Department of State, and actually rarely see somebody who looks like me. And that is just not acceptable.","So Emira, do you think that having more black people in diplomatic positions will change, for example, Africa policy?","Well clearly, we have had Condoleezza Rice at the top of the ticket, right?She has been the lead in U. S. -Africa policy and broader U. S.  foreign policy. And that has not necessarily improved U. S.  relations with Africa. If anything, this administration has had a more militaristic approach to Africa under Condoleezza Rice. So it is important to make sure that there are a range of views represented in foreign policy, a range of views that will bring about a more responsible U. S.  engagement with the continent, and with the rest of the world.","And so, yes, it would be great to have more people from black and brown communities in those senior places, but it is important what their views are, what their foreign policy agenda is. I think we are now in the 21st century, where we have to push forward to say, we demand, really, that the U. S.  engages in a more responsible way with Africa and the rest of the evolving world."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Having people from diverse communities in senior positions is important, but their views and foreign policy agenda matter more","questions":"How important is diversity in senior positions according to the speaker?","answer":"important"}
{"text":["Yeah. It's just pretty much everything.","Yeah.","But overall, is this space open to entrepreneurs of color?This space - meaning online social networking. Is there still room for new innovation?","Yeah. I think that's a great question and it absolutely is. I mean if anything, what we've seen now and what I've been preaching is that we need to start being more niche. More niche-focused is actually the better. So we come from a long way of having these broad sites that would just aggregate a whole bunch of people and just be this commercialized area to now to seeing real value and having super niche sites. It's kind of this whole thing that goes back to this idea of the long tale having fewer people that may be really passionate about a certain thing, than having a lot of people that may not really ultimately be interested."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Entrepreneurs of color may face challenges in the online social networking space","questions":"What kind of space did PersonB specifically refer to when asking about the opportunities for entrepreneurs of color in the online world?","answer":"Onlinesocial"}
{"text":["I'm not so sure that it was missed, per se. I think it's been there at the forefront of the news for a really long time. I just don't think that we saw the potential that it would impact the election in the way that it did, insofar as it's tied up in these other economic and social struggles that are occurring within the same communities.","And to be clear again, you're not saying that people that have a problem with opioids or drug or alcohol voted for Donald Trump so much as people who live in those communities that have been affected by it statistically in your study voted for Donald Trump.","Well, that's right. And I can't say necessarily who voted for Donald Trump, but we have to remember that addiction and depression and these diseases and deaths of despair go far beyond the individuals themselves who are affected by them. They affect friends and family members and coworkers and first responders and service providers and employers in communities who are dealing with the struggles of these and experience the same sort of frustration and anxiety that are associated or wrapped up within diseases and deaths of despair.","You conclude your study by - I believe the quote is community level well-being played an important role in this election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The impact of the opioid crisis and other economic and social struggles in affected communities was underestimated in its effect on the election.","questions":"How was the election influenced?","answer":"Statistically"}
{"text":["That's right. There are a few things in particular that stood out in the early excerpts. I haven't had the chance to get my hands on the book yet. But a couple of things in particular. One is that Bannon talks about that infamous Trump Tower meeting in June of 2016 that featured Donald Trump Jr. , Jared Kushner, Paul Manafort and the meeting that they had with the Russian lawyer, who was offering dirt on Hillary Clinton. Bannon describes the meeting as treasonous, as unpatriotic. And he says that those three should've called the FBI immediately. A second thing is that he also says that there's no way - there's no way that Trump Jr.  didn't walk the Russians up one floor to the 26th floor of Trump Tower and introduce them to Trump himself.","We should explain that's his - he doesn't know that happened, but he just finds it inconceivable it didn't.","He doesn't offer any proof. He wasn't in the campaign at the time. But this would be important if true because Trump has denied any knowledge of the Russian overtures, any knowledge of Russian outreach. And it would - this would obviously contradict that. The last thing is that Bannon says that the investigation is going to focus on money laundering. There are indications that Mueller's team may indeed be looking at that. So a lot to digest there.","NPR's Ryan Lucas, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"NPR's Ryan Lucas, thanks so much.\" - The actual meaning of this turn is a polite expression of gratitude, rather than literally thanking Ryan Lucas for something specific that he did.","questions":"Which expression did PersonB use to thank Ryan Lucas?","answer":"Gratitude"}
{"text":["Yes. And Stephanie says attendance more than doubled. She thinks lowering prices was a great business strategy for her. It might be good for others as well.","And Marilyn McFee(ph) is doing well in the downturn. She's a professional storyteller.","Maybe it's like mashed potatoes and apple cobbler, she writes. Storytelling is comfort entertainment.","She's been busy telling her stories at schools, libraries, even fundraisers."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : What she writes makes people feel comfortable in a way that reminds them of the past.","questions":"How does Marilyn McFee's storytelling make people feel?","answer":"Comfort"}
{"text":["It was really beautiful.","My daughter's a dancer. And so she - we invited her dance teachers. And we invited my family. And we gathered beneath the full moon. And we did many of the rituals that are described in the book. And we offered, and we created space. And we sat in circle together.","This book is written in verse. And one of the most moving things that I saw is that you referenced a poem that I had never heard of until I read it in your book. I want you to read the last stanza of it.","We stand at the heart of the forest beside the stone pool, waiting for Venus, the smoking star, to glimmer above the trees. Remove your clothes. Let down your hair. Bask in the moonlight, naked as the day of your birth - virgins, maidens, women."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Heart of the forest means the center of the forest. The stone pool is a creek with rocks in it. Venus looks smoky due to the position of the planet in the sky.","questions":"What is the position of Venus in the sky?","answer":"Above"}
{"text":["I don't know where life would have led Ionel Talpazan if he'd slept on a cardboard box on a corner of, say, Akron or Peoria. But in New York, a famous art figure named Henry Tobler saw an artist in his drawings and wrote about him in scholarly journals. His pictures were included in Manhattan art galleries, and from the 1990s on, Ionel made his way in the world by his art. By the time he died, his works had hung at the American Visionary Art Museum and museums in San Francisco, London, Berlin, Madrid and France. Talpazans were sold in fancy galleries from SoHo to Chelsea. The man who'd slept in a box moved to a New York apartment.","My art shows spiritual technology, something beautiful and beyond human imagination that comes from another galaxy, he once told the Western Folklore journal. So in a relative way, this is like the God. Ionel Talpazan imagined incredible things and made them alive in the eyes of others. In a way, he did escape on his UFO.","(Singing) I wouldn't fool you, but I - I've seen the saucers so many times, I'm almost. . .","Elton John. You're listening to NPR News."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  while (4) is a call back to the story of Ionel Talpazan by using the metaphor of a UFO to symbolize his escape from his life in poverty.","questions":"How did turn 3 relate to the story of Ionel Talpazan?","answer":"Ionel-Talpazan"}
{"text":["Oh, wow, it's like turning off a switch. And suddenly I was running down these trails in the dark and I didn't know where I was and I didn't know where I was going and it was getting colder. And all I could see was the distant glow of Vegas. And I was thinking, wow, I really like that city right now. I wish I were there and I didn't know how to get there.","Yeah, you obviously were able to find your way to asphalt and you were able to get back to civilization. Very nice - of course, I'm a sucker for daughter daddy stuff in the book - but you really do say that marathon running - or the training even - reminds you of the preciousness of every moment, moment after moment.","Yeah, it does. It puts you in the minute and being out there every day - bad weather, good weather, light, dark - I started this morning about nine miles ago in the dark and it was cold. And you just find yourself saying, you know, there are things in life that are important and that are worthwhile that require a little bit of sacrifice and a little bit of struggle and a little bit of suffering. It doesn't mean you shouldn't do them. And running reminds you of that all the time.","Tom Foreman - \"My Year Of Running Dangerously\" - thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is expressing appreciation for the theme of father-daughter relationships in the book and acknowledging that it has personal resonance for them.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the theme of father-daughter relationships in the book?","answer":"Appreciation"}
{"text":["We tried for about two and half years. And I had this fear that with every step we took, we would learn something that it would confirm my fear that I couldn't have a baby.","She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF.","Tell me about that moment when you first saw your daughter Hazel for the first time. I mean, how did that feel?","Oh, my gosh. It was - it was incredible. I mean, first of all, I was in labor for 24 hours."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn (2) \"She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF\" has a figurative meaning, as it implies that the process of getting pregnant through in vitro fertilization (IVF) was a difficult and challenging one. The use of the word \"struggled\" connotes a sense of hardship or adversity, which is not necessarily part of the literal meaning of the statement.","questions":"Which word in PersonB's turn (1) connotes a sense of hardship or adversity?","answer":"struggle"}
{"text":["Good morning, Scott.","Please give us a fill - so much going on in the Mueller investigation this week.","Well, you know, it seemed like there was Mueller news pretty much every day this week, Scott. On Friday, we learned that Trump's chief financial officer, Allen Weisselberg, has been subpoenaed in the Mueller probe. Now, this is a man who has the keys to the kingdom, if anyone does. We also got a list of 35 witnesses who are expected to be called in the trial of Paul Manafort. Now, that's Trump's 2016 campaign manager. He is accused of money laundering and deceiving the U. S.  government. That trial was delayed until next week. But we do expect this is going to be the new refocusing of the Mueller probe in the days ahead.","Also this week, CNN reported that Michael Cohen - that's the former attorney for the president - is ready to testify that Trump knew about that June 2016 meeting with Manafort and Donald Jr.  and some Russians offering dirt on Hillary Clinton. And we also learned that Putin and the president will not meet in September because they want to wait until after the Mueller probe is over. So they're planning to exchange visits to each other's capital city next year."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is asking for an update on the Mueller investigation.","questions":"What is the name of Trump's chief financial officer who has been subpoenaed in the Mueller probe?","answer":"Allen"}
{"text":["Our hope is that the cessation of violence is imperative if there is to be some semblance of normalcy in the election. If this rate of violence continues, then certainly there is no way we can have a free and fair election. We are hoping that when the various delegations of observers start arriving, we may see a decline into these violent activities of the regime and these rogue elements.","You have worked now with MTV to do PSAs that call for a free and fair election. Why did you decide to work with MTV on this?","Well, you know that the background actually started as some form of informal contact, then it developed into a contact with Dispatch group. So Dispatch, which is a youthful band, staged this concert on Zimbabwe. And we are now - I was in New York, I had a meeting with them, and that's how our relationship has developed.","Do you think that global youth, people not just in Zimbabwe, but, you know, in all the different places around the world that, for example, might plug in to public service announcement like this, or just people who are young and are listening to music and, you know, going online for their news, do you think that they can help advocate for the free and fair elections in Zimbabwe?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : If the violence doesn't stop, the election won't be fair","questions":"Which element is causing concern for the possibility of having a free and fair election?","answer":"Violence"}
{"text":["Basically, they give you a lot of freedom. They don't get in your way. The editors encourage in-depth investigative work. They like to hold public officials accountable. They're also willing to go to bat if you need legal help, if you're trying to get records or things like that.","So would you advise young reporters to do what you have done and stick with a local news organization for a decent amount of time?","Yeah. I think at least a year. Sometimes two years is a good point to kind of reconsider your options. We thought that we were just going to be here for a year, but this paper has a history of crusading investigative reporting, strong local journalism. Our late publisher Ned Chilton coined this phrase called sustained outrage, and that's sort of hammering away at an injustice until it's righted.","People who can manage to stay mad for a long time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"Hammering away at an injustice until it's righted\" - To persistently work towards correcting a wrong.","questions":"What phrase did the late publisher Ned Chilton coin?","answer":"sustainedoutrage"}
{"text":["Yeah, well, in fact, what our(ph) antihydrogen atoms bump into when we release them is gold. The inside of our apparatus is gold-plated, so they're actually hitting gold nuclei. So what happens is the antiquarks in the antiproton finds some quarks in a gold nucleus and annihilate with those. The amount of energy released is about the same, right?You're annihilating the rest mass of the antiproton on the same rest mass of the quarks that make up the nucleus.","So does the gold get changed any way from. . .","Not in any way that you would measure macroscopically, right, but - because we're talking about, we trap one atom at a time, right?So there's no macroscopic effect that you would be able to measure. But for us, that's a microscopically violent event, right?There's a lot of energy released, and we're pretty good at detecting that so we can actually see the energy release when you lose one atom of antihydrogen. By the way, you couldn't do that with hydrogen. If hydrogen hits the wall, nothing happens, right?So this is one way that antimatter is actually fun to work with.","When you shoot that radiation at it to flip it around, does it self-annihilate against the wall?Is that what happens?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Antihydrogen atoms hit gold nuclei in the apparatus.","questions":"What do the antiproton and quarks annihilate with in the gold nucleus?","answer":"GoldNuclei"}
{"text":["Yes.","I just wondered what that photograph brought up for you that made you want to have it as the cover of your album.","That photograph hit me like a ton of bricks. You know, I had - they had sent me about nine pictures, you know, trying to find something for the album. I didn't see the others. That was the only one I saw, and it grabbed me. You know, these little babies standing on the outside. They want to swing. They want to go on the slide.","And it kind of reminded me of my sisters and I. We had that problem when we were growing up. We couldn't go to the beach. We couldn't go to the park. We wanted some grass. Where we lived, we didn't really have any grass. You know, we'd have to play in a vacant lot with dirt and glass. So that photograph grabbed me in the heart and almost brought me to tears. I said, this is the one.","(Singing) Look at us now. Remember when. We've come a long, long way. We tell ourselves stories only we can believe. It's always hard, so hard to leave.","Does singing these songs give you courage?Do you hope it gives other people courage?What do you hope it gives them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker's childhood experiences were similar to those in the photograph","questions":"How did the photograph affect the speaker emotionally?","answer":"emotional"}
{"text":["Story's still unfolding, we understand. What are you hearing?","Well, the evidence is that the Islamic State is behind this. In addition to French President Francois Hollande saying that the attacks were the work of ISIS, the group itself claimed responsibility in an online statement a short time ago. And they say the attacks were a response to French airstrikes in Syria and that France would remain, in their words, a top target as long as it continued its current policies.","This has been independently confirmed by intelligence officials you've been able to talk to.","Well, my understanding is that officials first started to suspect ISIS was behind this late last night. There were some cellphone conversations or texts that the gunmen were exchanging while the attacks were going on. And they mentioned ISIS. And here's why that's important. You remember the Mumbai attacks in 2008 that were - those were attacks on hotels and Jewish centers and a railway station. Well, one of the ways that they traced it back to the perpetrators was by picking up phone conversations between the gunmen and their handlers in Pakistan. The information is still coming in, but it appears that something similar happened here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Well, my understanding is that officials first started to suspect ISIS was behind this late last night. There were some cellphone conversations or texts that the gunmen were exchanging while the attacks were going on. And they mentioned ISIS. And here's why that's important. You remember the Mumbai attacks in 2008 that were - those were attacks on hotels and Jewish centers and a railway station. Well, one of the ways that they traced it back to the perpetrators was by picking up phone conversations between the gunmen and their handlers in Pakistan. The information is still coming in, but it appears that something similar happened here.  Implicated meaning: A is using the phrase \"here's why that's important\" to introduce a connection between the current situation and a past event. The actual meaning is that A is providing reasons why the mentioning of ISIS is significant and relevant to the current situation.","questions":"What did the gunmen mention during the attacks?","answer":"ISIS"}
{"text":["Sure. Well, before she becomes a pirate, she tries shoplifting. And when Gwen is shoplifting, she imagines herself as named Octavia. She imagines herself to much more glamorous persons, so there's a little bit in this book that's here.","(Reading) She remembered what it was called - shoplifting - and pictured lifting the whole place, the aisles tilting and tumbling their baubles and trinkety treasures into her pockets. Pink razors for her burnt leg and then a keychain she thought Naomi would like. And when she realized she could steal for other people, it was an avalanche, a chew bone for Toby the II, more stuff for Naomi, a stuffed bear and a tiny license plate that said Naomi. Three flasks of perfume, curvy and shapey like internal organs in her pockets, and she was done with Mother's Day for ages.","Her father liked the electronic things, which were behind locked cabinets. But she grabbed a slick stereo magazine and managed to slip into one of her boots. It would be a way to warm him for taking the bus by herself. By now she was thirsty and rounded a corner to open a fridge and grab an iced tea in a bottle that felt so good in her hands. It was One Universe Green Tea, which the label said was good for the immune system and for Octavia's skin. No one had stopped her. No one had spoken to her. It was smooth sailing. All for one and one for all.","So is there a straight line from that to piracy or just adolescence?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"the aisles tilting and tumbling their baubles and trinkety treasures into her pockets\" - actual meaning: the author uses figurative language to describe her stealing items from the aisles, not that the aisles actually tilt and tumble into her pockets.","questions":"Which literary device does the author use to describe the act of shoplifting in the second turn?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["So I do miss it, but you know, I don't miss it enough to go back anytime soon. I'm not going to volunteer.","When you think about the losses, people who have been killed and some of the ones who've been profoundly injured in ways where they'll never lead an independent life again, do you ever ask yourself the question: Is it worth it?Is that a question you ask yourself?","No, I can never ask that question. Because if I do, then I'll start doubting my orders and doubting my job. But I will tell you this: Up to the point to where we caught Saddam Hussein, you know, one life is too many to lose, but it was worth the lives up until that point. So from that point on to now, as long as catch bin Laden, we free people, and we do our jobs, it'll be worth it. I'm not saying that we should have any American young men and women killed, but as long as we get the job done, then that's the sacrifice we have to make, even if it takes my own.","Well, Jeremiah, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : No, I can never ask that question. Because if I do, then I'll start doubting my orders and doubting my job. But I will tell you this: Up to the point to where we caught Saddam Hussein, you know, one life is too many to lose, but it was worth the lives up until that point. So from that point on to now, as long as we catch bin Laden, we free people, and we do our jobs, it'll be worth it. I'm not saying that we should have any American young men and women killed, but as long as we get the job done, then that's the sacrifice we have to make, even if it takes my own.  In turn (3), the actual meaning is different from the literal meaning. The speaker states that they cannot ask themselves whether the losses are worth it, as it would lead to doubting their orders and job, implying that they have a duty to follow orders regardless of the human cost. This suggests a belief in a greater cause or duty, beyond one's own personal beliefs or values. This is different from the literal meaning, which would suggest that the speaker is simply unable to ask the question for personal reasons.","questions":"What point does the speaker believe made the lives lost during the war worth it?","answer":"Saddam"}
{"text":["Well, actually, we - there's three records on the chart, the chart of this year. Within the top of 30, you have Flo Rida, and then there - a couple of other songs that were charting this year were Alicia Keys and one by Timbaland with \"One Republic. \"","So, you know, in the - if you look at the top ten, one thing I'm happy about in terms of grading on the curve, if you look at the top ten, every decade that this chart has touched, is represented here. We have one from the 50s, and we also have the '60s, '70s, '80s, and '90s, and this decade represented.","But yeah, there's ample representation of recent hits here. One from this decade in the top 10 being by Mariah Carey, \"We Belong Together. \"","All right, what is changing about the music game with digital distribution?Does it affect how people buy singles, and what might be on the top 100 in the next 50 years?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There are recent hit songs in the top 10 chart.","questions":"What is the name of the artist whose song is in the top 10 chart of this decade?","answer":"Mariah"}
{"text":["I mean there's no logic to what he does. There's no way to anticipate what he's going to do. Often, what he ends up doing defies logic, defies everybody's expectations, defies explanation.","When you hear this from people who've been around the president, is there a but anywhere?Do they say, I love this man, but?","There used to be. Remember - so I've done - this is my second book. This is effectively a sequel. I've spent the last three years pretty much non-stop talking about Donald Trump. And there used to be buts. There are no buts now. I might make a reservation for some of the most sycophantic people around him. But even they, if you push them a little, get to the vile and ludicrous pretty quickly.","I'm thinking of a description attributed to a former senior White House official, Steve Bannon, describing the president the United States and the president of Russia, Putin and Trump, quote, \"two narcissistic, cult leader-type presidents. Both had populist talents, yet both were ultimately out for their own benefit. \"And then a key line here, I think - of the two, Putin was the far cleverer one. It sounds like even Steve Bannon, who did so much to promote the president's career, doesn't seem to think he's very bright."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Even people who are sycophantic towards the president eventually admit his flaws","questions":"What do even sycophantic people eventually admit about the president?","answer":"Admit"}
{"text":["Well, we've - they've already spent too much time, that is the Congress and the president, in getting a deal. So they can't, in my opinion, put together a real big debt reduction bill that the country and its people deserves. In the meantime, this tax problem came in, the Bush tax is going to expire, which was done by the law that adopted it, and that's going to put a big pressure on the budget.","And we've got a law that is so unreasonable that it ought to be repealed, the sequester. I think they're going to find a way to repeal the sequester. I think they're going to find a way to do all of the savings required in the appropriated accounts, the annual billings, but I think they're going to be very short of savings in the entitlement programs, the long-term health care, which costs are going to go skyrocketing along while we sit around thinking everything's rosy. They may not find a way to solve that one.","I hope they do, but I see no evidence that they are doing that one right. So I think they'll get two or three out of the four, and then question for everyone: will they put that much together and say, take it, and some language saying we'll do more next year?I would have some further suggestions, but we don't have time.","Well, Senator Domenici, thank you very much for your time today."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is unlikely that the Congress and the president will be able to create a debt reduction bill that benefits the country and its people, and this will put a big pressure on the budget due to the tax problem","questions":"What is the main concern mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Debt"}
{"text":["And I think right now what we're finding is that, I think this - the technology industry though, Tony, you can't - this country, businesses, the ecosystem cannot function without information technology. So you have companies like HP, Dell, Microsoft, Google, they're all being very creative now or I would say, more creative than I guess that they had to have been in the past to really understand how they can make the largest impact without it affecting their employee work force.","And I think today's times are making people more innovative and the mother - mother's the necessity of innovation and I think it's just making people be more creative now. I'm hoping that the stimulus package with having a chief technology officer in house, with $7. 2 billion going towards - from the stimulus, going towards broadband, with another $19 billion going towards health information records and technology, and health care.","I'm hoping that that is going to, when that money becomes available, make it so that the technology industry can still remain resilient, because largely we have been. I mean, we're not immune from the problems, but we've been pretty resilient throughout. If you look at what's going on throughout the country, technology sector has been doing fairly well.","You know, you mentioned that there was a new chief technology officer and our conversation is coming to a close, but briefly tell us who this person is, if you know, and what you know about his or her background?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The problems of today are the necessity for innovation to occur.","questions":"What is the mother of innovation according to PersonA in the dialogue?","answer":"mother"}
{"text":["Eastern Congo may be the most dangerous place on Earth, and it's getting worse. A rebel army is moving on the biggest city, Goma. Hundreds of thousands of people are running for their lives. This is the region of infamous ethnic killing between the many people who call themselves Hutus and the far fewer Tutsi.","Hez Holland is a correspondent with Reuters. He's been reporting from Goma. He joins us now. Hez, welcome. And remind us, this is also a region of enormous wealth - timber and minerals. People have been fighting over it for a long time.","At least. It's historically been a curse, what with the mineral wealth and, as you said, the timber, has been something that has been fought over for - since the Belgians. It's always been a place where minerals have been extracted and exploited, and the people have always been just pawns in the great game of any kind of colonial power, really.","Well, now, there's this rebel group led by a man named General Nkunda. He is a former Congolese general. And it is moving on the city of Goma. What are you seeing there now?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Mineral wealth in Congo has caused exploitation and conflict","questions":"Which curse has been historically associated with Congo?","answer":"Curse"}
{"text":["Bill M wrote about it - read about it and wrote. Kilpatrick's stays in the news proving all the naysayers right with his childish antics and questionable judgment. He should resign.","And there's also the news that Broadway's \"The Color Purple\" is closing next month due to slow ticket sales and some people said it was because of singer Fantasia left the show without any thunder after she left.","All right. Just briefly, what do you think about the newsletter?What does that offer people that everything else we do doesn't?We've got the radio show and the blog. But, you know, you put out this great newsletter every day. What's going on with that?","Well, we've got headlines that pertain to African-Americans. We have highlights from the show. And the difference is - it's called Push me (unintelligible). It's a '90s Internet buzz word. And the idea is that you get all these things that you want sent to your inbox every day without having to surf from Web site to Web site. And it's a service that we offer."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is that they offer a service called Push Me that delivers daily headlines and highlights related to African-Americans to your email inbox. The actual meaning is that Push Me is a play on the 90s internet buzzword \"push\" which means to receive notifications without actively seeking information. Therefore, the newsletter is designed to deliver the information people want directly to their inbox without the need to browse different websites.","questions":"How is Push Me related to the 90s internet buzzword?","answer":"Push"}
{"text":["The likelihood that the law was going to get struck down was one of the factors that contributed to the council's decision to repeal it. But there were also many groups that came together to push for the repeal.","Mr.  Muchmore, I'm told you also have a laundromat in your bar.","I do have a small laundromat in the back. It's a New Orleans thing. I grew up in New Orleans, and there a lot of the bars have laundries so that while you're doing your laundry, you can have a beer or a coffee and get to know your neighbors.","How are you going to celebrate?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) The speaker has a small laundromat located in the back of the bar, which is a common feature in bars in New Orleans. This allows patrons to do their laundry while enjoying a beer or coffee and getting to know their neighbors.","questions":"What feature does the speaker have in their bar that is common in New Orleans?","answer":"Laundromat"}
{"text":["Absolutely. Well, all right politics isn't everything. It just seems like it sometimes. So what else is going on?","Magic Johnson found himself in the center of news again, unwillingly. As most people know, he retired from the NBA after contracting the HIV. But two Minneapolis radio hosts had some fun at his expense. So here's a clip of that.","Unidentified Radio Host #1: What about diseases that are eminently treatable and you can live with for a long, long time quite healthily if you just get some drugs.","Unidentified Radio Host #2: Like Magic Johnson. Like Magic with his faked AIDS."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It is suggested that Magic Johnson is faking his illness of AIDS.","questions":"What illness is Magic Johnson accused of faking?","answer":"AIDS"}
{"text":["They also break up the states into more subregions than the current exit polls do. They think that this is going to help them be more accurate. And Fox and AP are pretty confident that their results are better than the traditional exit polls in some ways. They actually did shadow polls with the new system in three big specials this year - special elections in the 6th Congressional District in Georgia, the New Jersey governor's race and the Alabama Senate race. And guess what - they got the winner right in all three.","That sounds promising. But are there pitfalls to this way of doing things?I mean, are people asking questions about whether or not they are going to be able to keep their winning streak?","Yes (laughter). And there's a big degree of risk when you're not actually speaking to voters. They're not actually speaking to people who have gone and voted. There's always a number of people who say they're going to vote who don't. And this is an experiment. AP and Fox - even though they're putting this - they're operationalizing this, they acknowledge that there are some demographic shortcomings. They found this in their tests in their poll. They underestimated in Alabama, for example, the number of black voters who would show up. But like scientists, they acknowledge those shortcomings. And they're going to be tinkering with their models along the way. So we may have something good eventually, but it's a whole new Wild West era here.","What has been the reaction to this from the pollsters at this conference that you're at?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are dangers that cause problems by doing these polls.","questions":"How would you describe the potential risks of conducting these polls?","answer":"Dangers"}
{"text":["Well, it's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you.","Can you recreate for us in a sense, like our town does, a summer day at that house you loved?","Basically, people woke up as early as they could, as close to dawn. Everyone was kind of on their own once the kids got older and could take care of themselves to fix something for breakfast and start the day however they wanted as long as they were busy.","There was no television, barely a radio. And it would be tuned into very infrequently, generally when the Red Sox were playing. And all you got were scratchy sounds anyway. People were left to just, I guess, invite the outdoors into their hearts and their souls."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Literal meaning: A is describing how people in the house woke up early and were free to start their day as they pleased. Actual meaning: The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning.","questions":"How did people in the house start their day?","answer":"Individually"}
{"text":["It could be. But there is nowhere for the new justices, the Trump justices, Brett Kavanaugh and Neil Gorsuch, to hide. They're going to have to say more than they said at their confirmation hearings, and that's why it's critical. And it is likely that both of them differ from the swing justice of the last 15 years, Anthony Kennedy.","So DACA is another controversial issue. In November, the court's also going to consider whether President Trump can end the DACA program that shields immigrants brought to the United States as children from deportation. It's my understanding that the court isn't going to rule on whether the law itself is legal. So what's the issue here?","The issue is executive power. The issue is to what extent the Trump administration could reverse the executive action taken by Barack Obama and whether the Trump administration followed the correct procedures. So it will be read by the public as a key ruling on a Trump policy. And therefore, it's important.","And so finally, let's turn our focus to the coming week. The court is going to hear three cases related to workplace discrimination on Tuesday. And basically, the question for the court is whether the Civil Rights Act applies to gay and transgender people in the workplace. Is that the crux of the issue?","Correct. And it's a question of statutory construction - whether Title VII, passed decades ago by Congress to apply to discrimination based on sex, should also be read to apply to sexual orientation. This is the first time several of these justices are going to weigh in on gay rights."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The justices can not avoid being questioned and they are different from the justice who sided with both political parties.","questions":"What is the similarity between Brett Kavanaugh and Neil Gorsuch?","answer":"Trump-appointed"}
{"text":["Yes. In all three cases, she raised both significant, substantive problems with granting these people a security clearance relating to things like foreign influence, business conflicts of interest, personal conduct and so on. And then she raised very serious problems about what the process was. In fact, it sounded like she was trying to explain to her supervisor how the process worked. He could indeed overrule her, but he needed to write out an explanation of why and explain why the specific concerns that she raised were addressed by other factual evidence that he had available to him. Apparently none of that ever happened. And that's obviously a very dangerous breach in the protocol.","This whistleblower, Tricia Newbold - she spoke of at least 25 instances where the Personnel Security Office was overruled by more senior members of the administration. Is 25 a lot?Do you know?","Well, it seems like it's a lot historically. That's one of the things we wanted to determine.","It seems more frequent than the usual. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This turn is not actually requesting a confidence score or any other numerical rating. Instead, it is a prompt for the person to provide their own interpretation or response to a previous statement or situation.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue is discussing the frequency of the overruling instances?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["Well, what they didn't admit is if they wanted all this capital, why have they spent $7 trillion - these companies in stock buybacks since 2005 - which is double the federal government's current entire budget if they needed capital for productive investment?Stock buybacks do not create any jobs. They don't create any productive investment. And they're a signal to corporate observers that, while people like Tim Cook know how to make a lot of money for the company, they don't know really what to do with it other than to enhance their own executive compensation package.","Still, it's a remarkable turnaround for Apple, isn't it?I mean, just a couple of decades ago, I think they were on the brink of extinction.","There's no doubt. It was a great turnaround. But under Steve Jobs, stock buybacks were prohibited. He paid himself very little. When Tim Cook came over, everything changed. And while they know how to make enormous money with their overpriced iPhones, they don't know how to productively use it. And Marxists of many decades ago would never have dreamed that corporations would pile up all this capital and not know how to use it productively.","Mr.  Nader, do you own an iPhone?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Corporations have piled up capital but do not know how to use it productively.","questions":"Which entity piled up capital but lacks productive use of it?","answer":"corporations"}
{"text":["Yes. I mean, this piece - I mean not only me played I think every piano student started with this piece. But actually, this piece is not just a ringtone, you know?This piece is a real beautiful, masterful piece.","Now, just listen to two different ways that Lang Lang showed us you can play that familiar melody. The first time, he's going to hit all the right notes. But the second time, his fingers will tell a story.","Because you can just put your hands, you know (playing piano).","It's quite easy, you know?But it's very hard to make (playing piano)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A's statement: \"It's quite easy, you know? But it's very hard to make (playing piano).\" Here, A is not saying that playing the piece is easy, but rather that the notes and mechanics of playing the piece are technically simple. However, bringing out the beauty and artistry of the piece through proper interpretation is challenging.","questions":"How is playing the piece technically simple but challenging in terms of interpretation?","answer":"Interpretation"}
{"text":["No.","So give an ABC, a little ABCs of how, let's say, Plan B works.","Yeah, so it depends on when you take it. You have to be aware when the fertile window is. So it's five days before ovulation and then about maximum one day after ovulation. And if you take it before the LH surge has started, then it works by either blocking follicular development and ovulation or by postponing it.","But if LH has started to rise, then it's too late, and it has no effect, and ovulation will occur. And it has no effect after ovulation, no effect on the fallopian tube or on the endometrium, that is the uterine lining. And actually if a woman has miscalculated, so she's already pregnant, it has no negative effect on the pregnancy, on the fetus or on the newborn baby. And it can't interrupt a pregnancy, but it has absolutely no effect."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"You have to be aware when the fertile window is.\"  The phrase \"fertile window\" is not a literal window but rather a period of time when a woman is most likely to get pregnant. It refers to the days leading up to and including ovulation when an egg can be fertilized by sperm.","questions":"How does Plan PersonB work during the fertile window? (Answer: It works by blocking follicular development and ovulation or by postponing it.)","answer":"Blocking"}
{"text":["Lastly, Mara, I have to ask you because it just seems that, week after week, tensions between this administration and the press grows more hostile. You're in that White House briefing room day in and day out. How would you describe the atmosphere?","The atmosphere is tense and contentious, but it always has been between the White House press corps and the press secretary. I think that the Trump administration has taken this to a new level. You have a president who considers the media a foil, calls the mainstream press the enemy of the people, fake news, dishonest, disgusting, horrible people. So part of his political strategy is to demonize reporters and the media. So, of course, that's going to show up in the briefing room.","That's NPR's national political correspondent, Mara Liasson. Thank you, as always.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president thinks that the media is out to ruin him and makes them out to be evil.","questions":"How does the president view the mainstream press?","answer":"Enemy"}
{"text":["I gather there were women who asked you for medical help.","Yes. So some of the women who had been raped asked to know if they were pregnant. One of the most heartbreaking things I would have to do would be to confirm for women that they were, indeed, pregnant as a result of rape. Some of them were requesting testing for sexually transmitted infections, which we couldn't do on the boat, but we helped to arrange in Italy once we arrived there.","One of the things I say about my Doctors Without Borders work is that I often come across the best of humanity, but I also come across the worst of humanity. And these women, especially, told me of things that had happened to them that it never occurred to me that humans could do that to one another.","All right, Dr.  Giles, you have at least a few ears in America right now. What do we need to hear?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"confirm for women that they were, indeed, pregnant as a result of rape.\" The phrase \"confirm for women\" means to tell the women that they are pregnant, which is the literal meaning. However, the fact that the pregnancy resulted from rape adds a figurative meaning to the statement that conveys the emotional impact and the devastating consequences of sexual violence.","questions":"What was the emotional impact of confirming the pregnancy for some of the women?","answer":"Devastating"}
{"text":["Curative instruction meaning, I'm sorry I said that. Disregard that.","Exactly. Yeah, I made a mistake - mea culpa. I shouldn't have said that. Please disregard what I said and don't hold it against the counsel for either of the parties.","Dramatic testimony from Richard Gates, Manafort's former business partner, this week who essentially said, look. Paul Manafort's a crook. And I know because I am, too. And we schemed together to steal money. That's an argument the defense can turn against the prosecution in a way, though, too, isn't it?","Absolutely. So what the defense may try to do is say, what we're dealing with here is a criminal, a dishonest individual from start to finish. He is being sponsored - his testimony is being sponsored by the government. But you can't trust him. After all, look at all the things he's done. He's stolen, in fact, not only from others but from his own business associate, Mr.  Manafort."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A takes responsibility for their mistake and doesn't want it to reflect on the counsel","questions":"What does PersonA ask the others to do with regards to their mistake?","answer":"Disregard."}
{"text":["Winston Churchill, we always have to quote him once in a while, right?He said that jaw-jaw was better than war-war. And no matter how awful the war of words may get, it's only serious, really, if it leads to real war. And if North Korea is truly a nuclear power now, any thought of a military solution is somewhere between horrific and unthinkable.","And the Mueller investigation's widening?","We do see more evidence that the Mueller investigation thinks it has some kind of goods on Paul Manafort, former campaign chairman for Donald Trump. He also seems to think he can use whatever he has on Manafort to pry loose more stuff on other campaign figures. Is this going to reach the president himself?At this point, that does not seem to be indicated. But this probe is going to continue and get a lot more uncomfortable for the president before it's over.","NPR's Ron Elving. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Winston Churchill, we always have to quote him once in a while, right? He said that jaw-jaw was better than war-war. And no matter how awful the war of words may get, it's only serious, really, if it leads to real war. And if North Korea is truly a nuclear power now, any thought of a military solution is somewhere between horrific and unthinkable.  In this turn, the implied meaning is that engaging in diplomatic discussions and negotiations (\"jaw-jaw\") is preferable to engaging in armed conflict (\"war-war\"). The speaker suggests that although verbal conflicts can be intense, they are not as severe as actual wars. Additionally, the speaker implies that considering a military solution in the context of North Korea's nuclear power status would be extremely dangerous and should be avoided.","questions":"What does Winston Churchill suggest is better than engaging in armed conflict?","answer":"Diplomacy"}
{"text":["OK. So let me break down - let me ask you to break down what that means. What is the yield curve, and what does it mean when it's inverted?","So the yield curve represents interest rates at different maturities. So usually, it's the case that a longer-term interest rate has a higher rate than a short-term interest rate. So think of a certificate of deposit at your bank. If you lock your money up for five years, you expect to get a higher rate than, let's say, locking it up for six months.","But in certain rare situations, things get backwards, and it turns out that the long-term interest rate is lower than the short-term rate. And that's called an inverted yield curve. That's exactly the situation we've got right now. And it is a harbinger of bad news.","So unemployment is at a 50-year low. The GDP is growing. Does that have an effect on the yield curve?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : harbinger it implies to announce or to precede ","questions":"What does the term \"harbinger\" mean?","answer":"rate"}
{"text":["Yeah, it's light and it's very dark at the same time, yeah.","Well, that's what you go for or what?","Yeah, you got to have a little bit of - a little bit of an edge, I think.","You have a woman in a classical gown looking out over the sea coast in the moonlight holding a lantern. The caption - night after night she watches the sea, longing for her husband's departure (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Well, that's what you go for or what?\" - This turn is a sarcastic response to the previous statement made by A, rather than a genuine question about A's preferences.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Sarcastic"}
{"text":["Has the United States done this before - taken back citizens who have some connection to ISIS fighters?","We know of one previous case. That's of Samantha El Hassani and her four children, who were repatriated to the U. S.  She's now standing trial in Indiana in a federal court, accused of providing material support to terrorism. Although, she's pleading not guilty, saying, you know, her husband dragged her to Syria. The U. S.  has said that they want to take back citizens. And President Trump has even urged in a tweet for other countries to take their citizens back. But it's not a blanket acceptance of people from Syria. The State Department says they're looking at the individuals on a case-by-case basis. And there is the ongoing controversial case of Hoda Muthana. She was born in New Jersey. She's been previously issued with U. S.  passports, but the U. S.  is challenging her citizenship status because her father is Yemeni.","As you point out, this is not just about U. S.  citizens. Tens of thousands of people went to Syria and Iraq to join ISIS. How are other countries handling this with their own citizens?","Well, as you say, it's a huge problem. So we're looking at about 46 other countries who are having to deal with this at the moment. And there's 13,000 women and children in the camps in Syria as well as the men in prisons. Some people have - some countries have taken their citizens back, like Kazakhstan and Sudan. But a lot of countries in Europe are saying, you know, we don't want these people back. The U. K.  has gone as far as stripping some people of citizenship."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Not all citizens from Syria will be accepted back.","questions":"Which country is stripping some people of citizenship?","answer":"UK"}
{"text":["So our school is actually majority minority, meaning we have a lot of immigrants and a lot of minorities in our school. And my school is very diverse, but also the administration, they do a very good job of accommodating to all of our needs. I don't say it enough in every interview, but my school is a great school. I don't hate my principal or any of the people in my school. I just think they made a mistake, and this is a learning opportunity for them.","So in the end, why didn't you just say, and remember, tomorrow is the first day for the rest of your life, have a great summer?","(Laughter) Why didn't I just give a generic speech?Because I feel like if change is going to happen, we are going to have to speak outside of the guidelines and we are going to have to break a few boundaries. What adults think that we want to hear at graduation is completely incorrect because all the graduating students that spoke to me afterwards, they were happy that I mentioned the names. And they were happy of the message I was trying to send to them because we have been living with these realities for a while. I'm not introducing a new idea at graduation when I say those names. I'm just remembering and paying respect and really making them understand the privilege.","What are you going to do now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The school is diverse despite being majority minority","questions":"Which word describes the demographic makeup of the school?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["Yes, and that's a very different situation because the ice sitting on the ocean, when it melts, it doesn't change sea level. If you think of a glass of ice tea and you put your ice cubes in the ice tea, when the ice melts, your ice tea, obviously, doesn't overflow. The ice just - it. . .","There's quite a difference in volume, but not big enough.","Yeah. It basically doesn't - but the melting ice that's floating doesn't matter, but what - but a lot of the ice sitting on Greenland and on Antarctic, the continent of Antarctica, when that ice melts, that does, in fact, add water to the sea. And those are in the long term, likely to drive the sea level rise and could drive the sea level rise by a great deal in the coming decades and centuries.","So is anomalous - I mean, is this - as you said, it's definitely part of a trend. There's no way to argue with it anymore, about the warming and that it's having real effects. How is it going faster than people feared?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Melting ice on Greenland and Antarctica will increase sea levels","questions":"Which two places will add water to the sea when their ice melts?","answer":"Greenland."}
{"text":["No, no, and I think my guess is that a good part of this was done before the president made that announcement. It is the case - immigration law is so complicated, and so much of it is unclear that it certainly argues, as Obama said today, that this is something that Congress should go back and try to come up with some clear and more comprehensive immigration reform law, but maybe, as you know, that's for some future Congress.","The critics, those who were in the minority on the 5 to 3 part, those included Justices Scalia and Thomas. Did either of them say anything interesting in their dissent?","Justice Scalia said a lot that was interesting. He said, here's a quote. \"As a sovereign, Arizona has the inherent power to exclude persons from its territory subject only to limitations written into law by Congress. \"He took a very strong view - he mentioned it at the argument - that a sovereign state has the sort of authority on its own to arrest or kick out unwanted people.","I had never heard that before. I didn't think states had that power. But Justice Scalia wrote a very strong dissent, sort of arguing for this is a sovereign right of Arizona, and we the Supreme Court shouldn't step in and block what they're doing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"say anything interesting\" - The actual meaning implied here is that the dissenting justices had differing opinions that were worth discussing or noteworthy.","questions":"How did Justice Scalia view Arizona's authority on its own?","answer":"strong"}
{"text":["Do you remember that question about any practical applications?And what did you say?Do you remember what you said?","Yeah, I said practical applications are science fiction, that we just can't make enough antimatter to be useful. It would take longer than the age of the universe to accumulate macroscopic amounts of antimatter to make a weapon or a rocket fuel or something like that. So this is really pure research, right?We're looking at, you know, one or few atoms at a time. There's 10 to the 24th atoms in a macroscopic amount of hydrogen or antihydrogen, so we're just nowhere near there. But it's still a lot of fun.","Yeah. So the answer to the question of a practical application is still absolutely no.","Yeah, nothing has changed there and. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He said that practical applications are things a person would only find in science fiction novels and shows. It can not be done in reality.","questions":"What did PersonA say about practical applications?","answer":"Nothing"}
{"text":["Well, this is extremely complicated. And there doesn't seem to be a single kind of way at looking at this for all the different countries. Every country is wrestling with how to manage this. There's little legal precedent in many ways. One problem is that if you put people on trial back home, it's very difficult to get the evidence that you maybe need to actually be able to prosecute someone. So some people in - for example, in Germany have floated the idea of re-upping the sort of Nuremberg trials that were used to prosecute Nazis.","Wow.","In other cases, some have created laws to say, you know, going to Syria was itself a crime. So we've been following the case of an Austrian girl who was 15 when she left Austria. And we've been told that if she comes back, she probably would serve prison time for having gone to Syria. And there's even - the Kurdish authorities in Syria are talking about perhaps trying to set up an international tribunal to actually try these people in Syria or in Iraq.","NPR's Ruth Sherlock in Beirut."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Some countries have made going to Syria a crime and people may serve prison time for it.","questions":"Which country has made going to Syria a crime?","answer":"Austria"}
{"text":["Shawn Levy, an accomplished biographer and film critic, joins us now. Shawn, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you.","How does the chateau both fit into and stand above the Hollywood landscape?","Well, physically, it actually stands above the Sunset Strip. It's right on the eastern edge of the strip on a rise, and it's situated at a curve. So if you come toward it from the east - from Hollywood into West Hollywood - it kind of disappears. The road takes you away from it before you quite register it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The chateau doesn't actually disappear, it just is no longer visible at some point.","questions":"How does the chateau vanish from view?","answer":"Disappears"}
{"text":["These companies have existed before, but there's a lot more from these appraisal management companies. So the lender and mortgage broker has to send the order to them, this middleman, and then they go find an appraiser in your local area to go look at your house.","Now, there's a lot of concerns that these appraisal management companies are not the answer. They are not going to fix this problem. There's not a lot of regulation of these appraisal management companies, so some states are trying to fix that. We don't really know who's getting into this business. Are these the people to be entrusting this doing important job to?","So let's say you're a consumer. Let's say you're a person who's looking to buy a home, sell a home, or you want to refinance. What can you do to make sure you're not dealing with an appraiser who's got other motivations?","Well, first of all, you want to be very direct with your broker or lender and ask them, who is doing the appraisal on my house?You want to know the name of the company. Is it a company that they have a relationship with, a business relationship?Is it a company the lender partly owns?And certainly, you want to get a copy of that appraisal. And certainly, borrowers also have the ability - they can go seek out an independent appraisal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The appraisal management companies are not reliable and may have hidden motives.","questions":"How would you describe the reliability of appraisal management companies?","answer":"Notreliable."}
{"text":["Absolutely. And I think, honestly, it would drive more people away from some of these systems except that, in a couple of these cities, a lot of the folks who ride the subway - that really is the only option. If you're in New York or even in parts of downtown Boston or parts of downtown Chicago, switching over to driving is extremely expensive.","And it also gets in the way of what's an important but also largely overlooked role of public transit in the United States, which is that it's an important social service. Particularly once you get outside of the New York cities and Bostons of the world, transit riders are disproportionately low-income. And this is a way that we move around people who can't afford the typical way of moving around for an American, which is owning a private automobile.","Yeah. Any one or two things you'd like to recommend, professor?","If we look to some other countries, you know - and London is a good example. London has been - has really been dramatically working to upgrade its own system, which is as old - actually, older than New York's. One thing London did that I think, ultimately, a lot of American cities are going to have to at least wrestle with is that they started charging drivers for the congestion they cause."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They  are implying cities need better public transit ","questions":"How would the professor describe London's efforts to improve its transit system?","answer":"dramatically"}
{"text":["Oil aside, do the two countries have different interests in the region?","Saudi Arabia is particularly worried by the U. S.  trying to reach a nuclear deal with Iran. Saudi Arabia sees Iran kind of backing groups in Syria and in Lebanon and in Yemen and Iraq. And Saudi is seeing itself as increasingly surrounded. And it, you know, Saudis don't really think the U. S.  understands how deeply concerned it is about regional security and about its own security right now.","We understand that there are activists in Saudi Arabia - human rights activists, activists for women's rights, greater women's rights in Saudi Arabia - who had wanted President Obama and other U. S.  officials to kind of step in and voice their concerns. No indication whatever, that happened. Is there disappointment?","There was. Saudi women that I talked to after the visit said they didn't really expect Obama to kind of endanger the makeup visit by bringing women's rights up or just human rights up. And they said in that sense, the trip met their expectations. Saudi activists say that there is a state crackdown going on - on dissent and free speech - since the Arab Spring uprisings. And they say it's kind of a very dark time in the kingdom for them, and they think the U. S.  is not really doing too much to help them out of it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Although the question appears to be asking whether there is disappointment among Saudi activists about President Obama and other U.S. officials not voicing their concerns about human rights in Saudi Arabia, the actual meaning is that the question is raising the issue of whether there is disappointment that such concerns were not voiced during President Obama's visit.","questions":"How was the disappointment expressed by Saudi women after President Obama's visit?","answer":"Food"}
{"text":["OK. So, speaking of the Senate and Senator Obama, he will resign his seat on Sunday. His replacement will be appointed by the governor of Illinois, Rod Blagojevich. Who are the likely candidates, and who's likely to actually be appointed?","Well, the most likely candidate and the person most likely to be appointed is Jesse Jackson Jr. , the congressman from Chicago. But there are a range of candidates, and it's quite interesting because, as you know, the governor is in political hot water himself. His numbers are very low. There's all sorts of talk of investigations and the like.","So, the question is, would he, potentially, maybe appoint somebody who's a close ally in the state legislature?There's the 73-year-old Emil Jones. Then, what about pressure from the Hispanic community?There's Congressman Luis Gutierrez. And there's also talk about Tammy Duckworth - Tammy Duckworth, who runs the Veterans Affairs Department for Illinois, and she is a double amputee and close to Obama. But there are also people who might be potentially opponents for the governor going forward, like the attorney general, Lisa Madigan, or the treasurer. So, there's all these kinds of angles to the game that are very interesting. But it looks at this moment, most likely, that you're going to end up with Jesse Jackson Jr.","OK.  And Juan, what was your best political conversation of this week?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Senator Obama is leaving the Senate to become president","questions":"How will Senator Obama's vacancy in the Senate be filled?","answer":"Appointment"}
{"text":["Coastal Texas did have a couple of days to prepare for this storm. People were urged to leave the area. What's your estimation?Did many people take that advice and get out before Harvey hit?","Well, certainly some did. As I was driving in from Austin and San Antonio yesterday, you could see a fair number of cars, you know, going the other direction. So certainly, there were some people that evacuated. But here at the hotel that we're staying, there are hundreds of residents who are from Corpus Christi who decided to hunker it out and stay the night here. You know, there were no mandatory evacuations ordered for Corpus Christi.","Some are beginning to wonder, you know, was that the best plan of action?Had a mandatory evacuation been ordered, they would have had to evacuate the hospitals. And that, you know, picks up a whole series of logistical issues. So you know, as the Texas governor ordered yesterday, if you feel unsafe, if you feel unsecure then you should flee.","And Russell, what do you see for the next few hours and next few days about when conditions might improve and what people have to contend with?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) Did many people take that advice and get out before Harvey  hit?","questions":"What was the reason for some residents of Corpus Christi to stay the night at the hotel?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["And yes, impeachable.","You say, if it's true, what powers does the House have to try to corroborate this claim?","It does have to be corroborated. We can't impeach a president based on, you know, unnamed people speaking to the press, as credible and numerous as these reports may be. So you know, there is an investigation underway already by three House committees into what President Trump may have done with Ukraine. That is going to absolutely heat up in the next couple of weeks. So all I can say is, stay tuned. Fasten your seatbelts. The stakes here are extremely high.","Let me ask you, congressman. There are a number of Democrats and voters who are saying, you know, where is the party's spine in all of this?This is a president who has been, they say, running roughshod over your legislative authority with total impunity. What do you say to that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"where is the party's spine\" implies, where is the party's courage. \"running roughshod\" implies ignoring.","questions":"How does \"running roughshod\" imply the president's behavior towards the party's legislative authority?","answer":"Ignoring"}
{"text":["Tomorrow, car sales numbers for November are due out, and they're not expected to be good. That could lead to more dealerships shutting down, and that could mean a big loss of revenue for local governments. For example, this year, the state of California has lost at least two billion dollars in sales taxes due to the drop in car sales.","To get a better sense of how local governments are coping, we're joined now by Marshall Bond. He is the city manager for Monroeville, Pennsylvania. Thanks for joining us, and why don't you tell us how many car dealerships are in Monroeville?","Just about every major domestic and foreign manufacturer sells cars here in Monroeville.","And so, how much of your budget comes from the revenue from car sales at these dealerships?","We have a business tax which obviously is, I'd say, probably of that - I'd say total tax is probably about 15 to 20 percent is based upon our related car industry."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The car sales numbers for November are expected to be bad and it may lead to dealership shutdowns, causing a big loss of revenue for local governments.","questions":"How much of Monroeville's budget is based on the revenue from car sales at dealerships?","answer":"15-20"}
{"text":["At 18 years old, I moved from Charlotte to the mountains. And I've lived in Appalachia - in Jackson County, N. C.  - ever since. And it's the same thing here. You know, I think poverty - it's the same condition no matter where you're from. You know, I talked a little bit in that essay about that man from Baltimore saying desperation is a way of life.","This was a documentary on the BBC that was talking about poverty in Baltimore.","Yeah. I think anybody I grew up with could have said that. Anybody that I'm friends with now in Hazelwood, Haywood County, could say that. That's the reality of people who have nothing. They all know what it's like to miss a meal or to have the lights turned off or to have to decide - do I make my car payment, or do I pay my health insurance?That's a common theme that bridges the gap all across this country. And the unifying thing about that is poverty.","You also talk about addiction. The opioid crisis, as we know, is enormous right now. And you say that people just want to be listened to. What is the story that we aren't hearing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In (3), the speaker is using the phrase \"bridges the gap\" to describe the common experience of poverty that unites people across the country. The actual meaning is that poverty is a unifying force that brings people together despite their differences in geography, culture, or background.","questions":"What phrase does the speaker use to describe the common experience of poverty that unites people across the country in (3)?","answer":"Bridges"}
{"text":["Well, yes, he was. Later I found out what he was really brilliant at, which was lying. He had a physics degree, a mathematics degree and an economics degree, I think, from three different Ivy League colleges. So, why doubt him?Especially once you've seen the props. Once you've seen the art, you buy the person.","He'd married to a successful woman named Sandy who paid all the bills. How could this smart woman be with this fraud?","I can only answer that question by telling you why I bought this fraud. He was charming. He had a story that explained everything. And so when she came into his life, he had perfected his act to the extent that he'd anticipated every question, had an answer for everything. So, it's like a magic trick. After you know how it works, it seems so obvious. But when it happening, you're enchanted.","There was a moment when he gave you the personal phone number of the president, and I forget what the occasion was - but he said go ahead, try it. You'll get him directly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"He gave you the personal phone number of the president, and I forget what the occasion was - but he said go ahead, try it. You'll get him directly.\" - This turn is using hyperbole. It means that the fraudster was so convincing that he made the speaker believe he had access to the president's personal phone number. It is unlikely that the president would give out their personal phone number to a stranger.","questions":"Which type of exaggeration is used in the turn?","answer":"Hyperbole"}
{"text":["My father had, you know, good collections of music from Marvin Gaye, Philip Coutre(ph) to Bob Marley. He had it all. And he was a cameraman, and he used the music to do something special with the pictures. You know, while he's playing I would sneak around and just listen. So I think music started for me then.","Were you ever in a situation, Asa, where you were torn between - because you mention your dad had Motown and Marvin Gaye, torn between the American urban music and the more traditional music of Nigeria and in Africa.","That was in, you know. It was between American, the West, you know, influence and then the church music and the street music, traditional music from Nigeria.","Now, let me make sure I heard you clearly. Did you say that it was a sin or that's what was in?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Was the person ever in a situation where he had to make a hard choice between American and Nigerian music.","questions":"How was the person torn between different types of music?","answer":"Between"}
{"text":["You know, right now, this is one of those, the nener nener is a really great way of putting it, because this thing almost played out like it was a \"Dallas\" show on TV or something, just trying to figure out what was going to happen with these California rivals, going - trying to work it out with each other.","At the end of the day, you know, I think Yahoo!may have made a smart decision. I'm being hopeful for that. I'm being totally speculative on this point. If they can work out this partnership with Google, which is what the game changer has been, why Microsoft walked away from this deal, and that is a proposed opportunity for Google to allow Yahoo, to use its search-advertising technology.","And its search-advertising technology is probably the best on the web, so that made Yahoo feel like, hey, we actually have another option. Maybe we don't have to sell out. Maybe we can just utilize some licensing from our partner-slash-competitor and still be able to keep our brand intact. So, it all remains to be seen, but I think it may have worked out that they didn't do it.","Let me throw another company into the mix. What about AOL?After the big AOL-Time Warner merger in 2000, the combined company lost billions of dollars. Now, Time Warner dropped AOL from its name, fired the AOL CEO. Now wants to offload the company. Are any of these three companies we're talking about, Yahoo!, Google and Microsoft, going to go belly up and buy AOL, you think?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B threw another company in the discussion and assuming that yahoo, google and microsoft gonna buy AOL together","questions":"How many companies is PersonB suggesting could potentially buy AOL?","answer":"Three"}
{"text":["Yes. It's - there's a sovereignty aspect to that long-standing confrontation. You know, both sides have been pitied against each other for a long time. The new leader, Park Geun-hye, has made it clear - has been quite explicit actually about naming human rights as an issue that would have to be dealt with in North Korea. But she's also reaching out a hand and is likely to offer opportunities for dialogue with North Korea as a way of stabilizing the inter-Korean security relationship.","Stabilizing that relationship means, of course, leaving all those millions of people in North Korea in, well, dire conditions.","Well, that's true in the sense that Park is not pursuing the alternative of total confrontation. At the same time, you know, the one thing that I think seems to be clearer up to now is that none of the countries have been willing to risk that sort of military confrontation in order to drive external change in North Korea.","Has China, the most influential outside force in North Korea, has China handled the new leader more warmly or more distantly than his father?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The stabilization of inter-Korean security relationship will not improve the dire conditions of North Koreans.","questions":"How will stabilizing the inter-Korean security relationship affect North Koreans?","answer":"Negatively"}
{"text":["Well, it's a wide hurricane. So we expect impacts on both the east coast and the west coast. But the major impacts are going to be in the Florida Keys, particularly the lower Keys - then into the Naples area and then up the coast more into the Fort Myers area and into - early in next week into the Tampa area.","What do you see over the next 24 hours?","We see that it'll make this final turn. And we'll really be able to zero in on where that core is going to go. There's still a little bit of uncertainty, but we're looking most likely that the biggest impact's along southwest Florida.","What are your biggest concerns?Mr.  DeMaria. We have, of course, this whole constellation of effects between the winds and the storm surge and the flooding."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) - This is asking for the biggest worries or concerns of Mr. DeMaria regarding the effects of the hurricane.","questions":"What is Mr. DeMaria's biggest concern regarding the hurricane?","answer":"Flooding"}
{"text":["Yeah. Then we got to get to gambling. How did that enter your life?","Oh, man. By the time my body broke - my body literally broke from overuse. It broke from not sleeping. It broke from not eating. The only thing I turned to that brought me some sort of feeling was gambling. And so every cent that I made from a particular date until another date, probably for, like, 6 years, went to casinos. And it was hard to write about that. It was harder to write about that than it was to write about different forms of abuse that I talked about in that book.","Because you were implicated in this in a way. You're the victim in one, and you're the, in a sense, the perpetrator in the gambling.","Well, I'm definitely the perpetrator, but in my family, you know, I think because I am from Mississippi and so much of Mississippi black labor has been taken from us, I think there's a shame when we show people and tell people that the money that we are able to make we aren't able to keep - right?- and especially if it's tied to a kind of, like, mental illness. So I started to understand halfway through my gambling addiction that I wasn't going to the casino to win, though I told myself that's exactly what I was going to do. I was going to creatively lose as much as possible. I wanted to drive back home that two hours feeling absolutely like trash."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : broke implies having bodily injury and not referring to being financially ruined ","questions":"Which descriptor did PersonA use to explain the kind of abuse they talked about in their book?","answer":"Different"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News and Notes. If a child commits a crime, even a serious one, should they go through the same justice system, and pay the same price as an adult?That's just one of a host of issues surrounding juvenile justice. Today is part of our ongoing series on criminal justice.","We look at how kids end up behind bars, and what other options judges have when faced with a young offender. For more, we have Carole Shauffer, executive director of the Youth Law Center. Welcome Carole.","Thank you. Welcome.","So, let's start with a little scenario. There is a 16 year old and his friend, who go into a convenient store. They ask for money. The clerk says no. The friend shoots the clerk. If the 16-year-old is arrested and charged, what are some of the possible paths that the justice system could take, with the person who was not the shooter, but who was part of this crime?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"pay the same price as an adult\" - This is an idiomatic expression meaning to face the same consequences or punishment as an adult.","questions":"Which expression means facing the same consequences or punishment as an adult?","answer":"Same"}
{"text":["Well, yes, they are because the concern here is that if you do it for medical research, what's to stop other scientists to try to do it for other reasons, like, for example, to try to create designer babies that are taller or smarter or better athletes?Now, we're nowhere near being able to do anything like that. But the concern is that this could open the door to someday creating genetic haves and have-nots.","So, Rob, these CRISPR researchers are involved in projects that have tremendous promise to benefit our lives, but also raise very difficult ethical and moral questions.","That's right. That's right. And another example I could give you is I just got back from a trip to London. And there, scientists are using CRISPR to genetically modify mosquitoes that spread a mutant gene to wipe out the mosquitoes that spread the malaria parasite. And the idea there is to try to wipe out this disease that kills hundreds of thousands of people every year, most of them children.","Now, the fear here is that they're using CRISPR to modify these insects with something known as a gene drive. And a gene drive spreads a genetic modification through an entire species really quickly. So something could go wrong. You know, it could wipe out an entire species of mosquito. And that could upset the delicate balance of an ecosystem some way that could maybe unleash some new epidemic or cause the ecosystem to collapse and cause famine."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : implying that there are ethical and moral considerations to be taken into account when conducting CRISPR research","questions":"How are CRISPR researchers involved in projects?","answer":"benefit"}
{"text":["When you hear the Spanish word quinceanera, you might think of poufy, pink dresses, big, boisterous family parties and a traditional rite of passage for 15-year-old Latina girls. A new HBO documentary series takes us inside the modern quinceanera. There are profiles of an East LA teen boxer. OK, so she does wear a pink, poufy dress, albeit with boxing gloves. There's also a rodeo duo and a transgender coming-of-age story. One of the girls whose quince was featured in the HBO series, \"15: A Quinceanera Story,\" joins us now from Fort Myers, Fla.  She's Rosi Alvarez.","Welcome.","Hi.","Hi. And we also have the filmmaker and director Matthew O'Neill on the line from New York."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The documentary series goes beyond traditional quinceaneras with different stories.","questions":"How would you describe the variety of stories covered in the HBO documentary series about quinceaneras?","answer":"Variety"}
{"text":["OK.  Give us the background now. He has been charged with eight felony counts, including perjury and obstruction of justice.","Correct.","Remind us what happened.","Well, this all began quite some time ago. We're talking about a case that involves the firing of a couple police officers. And supposedly, these police officers were fired because they were investigating misconduct on the part of the mayor. And the mayor came up with a settlement, an $8. 4 million settlement that was paid out of the city's coffers."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : implies a request for a summary of the facts of the case","questions":"How many felony counts was he charged with?","answer":"eight"}
{"text":["So when we are forced to cut, we have to decide which is the best way to do it. We can do a shallow cut, like 10 percent 20 percent of the full ration. Or we can do a deep cut if we think the contributions will not be coming in anytime soon. The difficulty with doing a deep cut is that over the longer period, of course, people will become malnourished. Their immune systems will be suppressed. And if the cuts continue, or they're getting absolutely no food from WFP, inevitably, over time, they will fall sick. And, ultimately, many people will perish.","So - I mean, forgive me. It's one thing to make appealing ads that people are in danger of starving to death. What you're saying now is, because there's a crunch for aid, people are in danger of dying slowly.","That's what, in the end, will happen to the most vulnerable. It's the women and the children who will go first. The difficulty about the situation confronting us in 2018, however, is that it comes on the heels of 2017, when the world really pulled itself together, and our donors and donors for other organizations stepped up and provided a lot of funding because we were facing what was said to be the greatest humanitarian needs. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker is apologizing for their question, the implied meaning is that they are skeptical about the severity of the situation and the potential consequences of aid shortages.","questions":"How is PersonB feeling about the situation?","answer":"Skeptical"}
{"text":["Well, you have roots in the South, so what are some of the food prep and food producing traditions of the South that you think we need to reconnect with?","Yeah, for me, it's really about helping people remember and as you said, reconnect with these issues - or these ways of connecting with the land and producing our foods that we saw just a couple of generations ago. As Will Allen said, you know, most people in America were producing their own food. And when I think about the African-American community that I grew up in, you know, my grandparents had practically an urban farm in their backyard. You know, everyone on the street was growing some type of food, small plots, people had mini- orchards.","And you go back to the same neighborhood now and it's, you know, practically a shell of itself. And I think we need to just kind of like remember that the way that people are advocating for eating local, healthy, sustainable food, you know, these ways that many of us were eating. And this isn't just about African-Americans. I think that a couple of generations ago a lot of us were eating this way, and we just need to get back to that.","Well, some argue that the locally sourced organic food movement is elitist and out of reach for the budget of lower-income city folks. So, what do you think?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Food is the most important think for each any every human.","questions":"How is the statement in turn 3 related to the dialogue between PersonA and B?","answer":"Relevance"}
{"text":["As any historian will tell you, history is a living thing. And there's always a debate over how events can be interpreted and understood. Poland recently has gone a step further, legislating how to talk about one of the darkest periods in its history.","We are in a moment when we decide about how we're going to teach about and remember the Holocaust in the future.","Anna Sommer Schneider is a professor of Jewish civilization at Georgetown. This past week, the country's president signed a law that would punish anyone who suggests Poland was complicit in the Holocaust. Critics, including Israel and the U. S.  State Department, say the law will stifle discussion about those atrocities and cover up the role of Poles who killed or denounced Jews during World War II. For Schneider, this debate is personal. In 1977, she was born in the same town as Poland's most infamous concentration camp.","Despite the fact that I was born and raised literally in the shadows of the gas chambers, there was very little information available for me at that time - what Auschwitz really was."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The law punishing those who suggest Poland was complicit in the Holocaust will stifle discussion about atrocities and cover up the role of Poles who killed or denounced Jews during World War II.","questions":"What will the law in Poland do to discussion about atrocities and the role of Poles during World War II?","answer":"Stifle."}
{"text":["You know, there are a number of reporters who've contacted me that have said, what do you we do?I've got sinusitis. What do I do?It clearly is a prevalent problem in the general population. But clearly, we need controlled clinical trials to determine the efficacy of these kinds of interventions. And the FDA has ruled that if we are doing such trials, we need investigational drug status for every species that we want to instill into a patient to treat our disease.","So it maybe a while before we can actually get to a point where we would be instilling these kinds of organisms into the sinuses. But it's certainly another way of thinking about treating chronic inflammatory disease, of the sinuses, at least. There's certainly prostins in the gastrointestinal tract. For example, when there's recalcitrant C.  difficile, clostridium difficile infection, which is this thing that outgrows when patients have had, again, a lot of antimicrobials and have depleted diversity. Fecal transplant works very well.","So taking the feces of a spouse or a relative, and basically repopulating the gastrointestinal tract with those species, has a rate of 91 percent efficacy. So I think we could consider this for mucosal services as, perhaps, the general rule that this kind of restoration ecology approach to try to reinstate the healthy protective organisms in this niches, maybe an alternative strategy for treating some of these chronic inflammatory diseases.","Yeah. Did we once all have them and they went away somehow?Or what - why did some of us have the healthy population and some of us don't?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Fecal transplant may be an effective treatment for some chronic inflammatory diseases.","questions":"How can chronic inflammatory diseases be treated with fecal transplant?","answer":"Fecal"}
{"text":["Sure, end-to-end encryption means that whether it's a phone call we're on or an email message we're sending or any form of electronic communication, that the content of that communication is encrypted from your device, such as your phone or PC, unto the other person's device at the other side, wherever they might be on the planet Earth. So end-to-end encryption, keeps things encrypted and that means that law enforcement, without a warrant, cannot read that information","They can't intercept or break into. . .","Correct. Now, with a warrant, they can always go to the information service provider and attempt to get that information. But even then, they may not be able to because the party selling the encryption services may be a third party and may not even know who the parties are that are communicating.","So what is the argument that tech companies make about the feasibility of designing technology that would satisfy everyone's concerns?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied Meaning: Even with a warrant, law enforcement may not be able to get the information they are looking for because the encryption service provider may not even know who the parties are that are communicating. ","questions":"How can law enforcement be prevented from accessing encrypted information even with a warrant?","answer":"Encryption"}
{"text":["Good morning, Ira.","Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?","Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth.","Rather, what we see is what you mentioned, an actual, probably recent, increase in intellectual ability. We know that our students are the brightest in generations. They score higher on tests than students ever have before. They take more complex courses earlier and accomplish more. So there's all these reasons to believe that at least recently what we see is an actual increase in intellectual ability."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : What evidence do you have that human intelligence is declining?","questions":"Which introduction did PersonB refer to in their response to A?","answer":"Introduction"}
{"text":["My reaction to the reaction is that it was spearheaded by the Daily Mail, which is really an out-and-out - almost a racist enterprise. It's - Daily Mail has been one of the most strenuous advocates for Brexit. But they were also avoiding some of the serious themes of the piece.","Well, let's talk about some of those things. Diana was famously involved with Dodi Fayed 20 years ago. And there was a lot of talk then. Now Harry is marrying Meghan Markle, as we mentioned, who is biracial. So have things changed?What does that say about the United Kingdom now?","I think that Britain is in a very strange place because the royals are kind of - as somebody said to me from the families, they're sort of one bright spot. Like, they're young. They're dynamic. They represent something that's very sort of inspiring when everything else is actually very gray because there's been this sort of political convulsion that was Brexit.","Do you think the royal family can really survive in a time when we have other kinds of celebrities that cost the taxpayer nothing?I mean, clearly, a lot of hopes are being placed on not only Meghan Markle and Prince Harry but the other younger royals like Prince William."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when something is spearheaded it means it is lead by","questions":"What enterprise does PersonA consider almost racist and spearheaded the reaction?","answer":"DailyMail"}
{"text":["And both the Republican, Mark Harris, and the Democrat, Dan McCready, have weighed in on these allegations. What have they said?","So McCready went first. He said on Thursday that Harris has bankrolled criminal activity. That's a reference to a Bladen County political operative who pushed people to vote absentee by mail and then allegedly illegally harvested their ballots.","Now wait. When you say harvested, that means, you know, picking them up, opening them and discarding the ones you don't want?","Well, not necessarily. It definitely means that he picked them up from voters, which is illegal in North Carolina. You know, in this state, once you - it's your mail ballot, and you're responsible for getting it to the mailbox or to the Board of Elections. So this operative kind of went and collected them. We don't know exactly what he did with them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Even though the narrator already explained the word it is still needs a repeat as harvested means already gathered from the field.   ","questions":"Which word needed a repeat despite being explained by the narrator?","answer":"Harvested"}
{"text":["The European ambassador was musing about a possible project used as old British plantation - very impressive - deep in the mountains of Central Africa. You know, in Southern Sudan, you get up at these pretty big mountains, 7 - 10,000 feet and, oh, beautiful plantation of perfectly straight trees that have been growing for 60 years, untouched. So the investors say, well, we've helped them, you know, get a project going to make timber out of a few of these and open a road and then they can use the money to get more tools, and then they'll use that to get a little cottage system going for eco-tourists. And it could happen.","It could happen, but you also point out the same roads can be use by the poachers?","Yes. There is that threat. Most people in South Sudan really don't know what poaching is. This is how they've lived for centuries. It's a rural society so they rightly view it as their way of their way of survival, but does sweep the forest clean of animals. I'll say the only animals I saw in the forest were dead.","Though you did ran into a wild boar."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Poaching is a major problem and is wiping out the forest's animal population.","questions":"Which threat is mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Poaching"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. Some of the stories seem to have sort of a moral to them, like the one - mysterious one I'm going to call the rectum in a jar.","Yeah, this is the case of the rectum of the Bishop of Durham. If you go to London and you visit the Hunterian Museum, it's a wonderful, wonderful - one - in fact, one of the world's few remaining big medical museums. It's part of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. If you go and visit it, on display on the main floor inside a jar is something they call object RCSHC\/P192. The label identifies it as being the preserved rectum of the Bishop of Durham, and we're talking about Thomas Thurlow, who was born in 1737, died in 1791. Would you like to hear the story of why it's in a jar in London on display?","With that kind of teaser, how could I not?","OK. The - that particular Bishop of Durham was a rich and powerful man. And he came down with some ailments and called in one of the celebrated doctors of the day, John Hunter, a man who, years later, went on to found this museum. Dr.  Hunter examined him and told him he had an incurable disease and that it was bad news. The bishop did not want to accept this news, so he was very insulting to this doctor and instead went and insult - and consulted a cattle doctor who gave him some kind of nostrum."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Bishop insulted the doctor who diagnosed his incurable disease","questions":"What did the Bishop do to the doctor who diagnosed his incurable disease?","answer":"Insulted"}
{"text":["They have an obligation to do what I have done my whole life. I came from a family that had nothing. I worked hard all my life. In fact, the way I made my living was representing the kind of people that I grew up with, people who didn't have much of anything, and fighting against very entrenched, powerful corporate interests. And we were able to win and be successful. I did well by doing good. And what we have a responsibility to do is to make sure we don't pull the ladder out from behind us.","That everybody gets - in fact, it's the core reason that I am running for president is to make sure that everybody in this country gets the kind of chances and opportunities that I've had in my life. That's what drives me every single day.","A lot of your supporters mention that you really have a commitment to ending poverty, but could there ever be an America with absolutely no poverty?What would that country even look like?","It would be a country where everybody has real economic opportunity. I mean, is there always going to be a circumstance where somebody could fall into poverty?Of course. I mean, because that's the real world. But if we do the things we need to do, we wouldn't have the kind of systematic, endemic poverty we have in America. I mean, we have 37 million people, which is roughly the population of California, who live in poverty every day in this country. It's not a small number."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker talks about the possibility of a country with no poverty and states that it's not possible for everyone to avoid poverty. However, if they take the necessary actions, they could reduce poverty significantly. The implied meaning is that the speaker is committed to reducing poverty and improving economic opportunities for everyone.","questions":"What is the PersonA's profession?","answer":"Lawyer"}
{"text":["I think it does make a difference. Different presidents, Lyndon Johnson and Carter, did a great deal in adding blacks to the - at least, district court bench, not as much on the appellate courts. So, I think it is a little easier. You have one man. If he is dedicated to the idea of having a diverse judiciary, and they're lifetime appointments, you're Article Three judges, so you do have a better chance.","On the state level, it tends to be so local with local prejudices and wants. In Ohio, we were talking about, there's a name game going on. Seats constantly being taken by guys with the same name. And a lot of people, in elected places, don't know who the judges are.","When you have 40 judges on the common pleas court bench, the odds that you don't know who they are, what they represent because they can't say anything really profound in their campaigning other then I will be fair and impartial, you don't know about their background. It's a difficult thing to do.","All of this said, given your experience, what do you think that some African-American judges can bring, first of all, in the courtroom, dealing with people who are accused of crimes, but secondly, among their colleagues."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"adding blacks to the - at least, district court bench\" - Literal meaning: appointing black judges to the district court bench. Actual meaning: Increasing diversity in the judiciary.","questions":"What did Lyndon Johnson and Carter do to increase diversity in the judiciary?","answer":"district"}
{"text":["So how did you get on to this story?I mean, were you just curious about vanity plates?Like, what was your thinking about how it happens?","Well, I think vanity plates are kind of everyone's hobby in Los Angeles. It's a very car-centric culture. People regularly talk about the most out-there plates that they see. I was curious about the ones that didn't make it.","Now, is there an official database of dirty words and euphemisms?Or like. . .","What's the yardstick that the DMV uses to say whether something's inappropriate or not?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is asking for more information about the process of how vanity plates are regulated and how decisions are made about which ones are appropriate or not.","questions":"How is the speaker in turn 3 seeking clarification about vanity plates?","answer":"Regulations"}
{"text":["I do. I hope I give them - my songs give them a reason to wake up, you know, and think about what is going on in the world. And hopefully they resonate with the audience, the people who are hearing them. I've always hoped from the time we started singing the freedom songs that our songs - was singing them to make a difference. You know, make a better place. Help somebody instead of hurting somebody. You know, so much we could do to make it better.","Well, it's such a delight to speak with you again. I am so excited that I get the chance to talk with you about this new album. You know I'm going to put you on the spot and ask you if you have a favorite.","All of these songs, Michel. I love every one. But I do love \"Heavy On My Mind. \"","(Singing) We did everything we could to slow this world down. Now my love is in the ground."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The songs that I sing have a message that can inspire change in the world.","questions":"How does PersonA hope their songs resonate with the audience?","answer":"Change"}
{"text":["No, because the guys used to sit on the porch and play their guitars and (unintelligible). And then would beat to the tap of their foot. So I kind of adapted that tanta-ta-tan-tum, tanta-ta-tan-tum(ph). I mean, because - I mean, my people - my relatives, most of them were from Jackson, Mississippi. So when they migrated to Indianapolis, they kind of brought a lot of that feeling.","When he said write a hit, that one song people know me all over the world, in Russia, Africa, Japan, all over the world, people, the first thing they say when they see me, \"Red Clay. \"","In the course of your career, you had, obviously, highs and you had some lows, and they've been described as personal problems. Without going into detail, are we to assume that those problems were substance abuse related?","Well, substance abuse, I wouldn't really say I had a problem with that. I mean, I would say that at one period in the '70s, I started partying, I was in Hollywood A-list(ph). And everybody would come up there, I mean, all kind of movie stars, all kind of football stars, basketball stars, actors. And I had a spot right there in (unintelligible) overlooking the (unintelligible). And the people that I had coming up there - now, the substance abuse, it was around because a lot of people who would come to see me would bring it. But I would never really say I had a habit or anything like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People brought substance abuse to my parties, but I never had a habit.","questions":"Which problem was substance abuse not related to?","answer":"Lows"}
{"text":["What a coincidence. Serendipity.","Absolutely. So this is a very festive lab and we asked if they would look into this and they did, several times over, for us. And so we have the results on Video Pick of the Week is originals of our sample size of one - we should be clear - experiment into this.","Right. And you found that if you out enough - spike your eggnog enough, should we. . .","Well, yes. So you can go to our website for the recipe. But after - the key to this, and actually, we'll have - let's have Vince Fischetti, sort of, give us a little background."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Implying that the conversation is about spiking eggnog with alcohol.","questions":"How did PersonA's experiment focus on spiking eggnog?","answer":"Eggnog"}
{"text":["Hello.","Hello.","Now, the New York Times report that described your resignation in 1995 said that sources at the time said you had aroused opposition with your, quote, \"emphasis on reshaping Planned Parenthood into a broad health organization that could compete in the era of managed care\" - a focus that some of the group's affiliates felt would inevitably diminish their role as advocates for abortion rights and low-income women's access to health care.","Now, this week, in a letter explaining her ouster from Planned Parenthood, Dr.  Leana Wen said she had come to the organization to work on a broad range of health care issues but that, quote, \"the new board leadership has determined that the priority of Planned Parenthood moving forward is to double down on abortion rights advocacy. \"She's also said in an op-ed for The New York Times that she wanted to depoliticize abortion but that her approach seemed at odds with the direction the board wanted to go. What does this say about the trajectory of not just Planned Parenthood but also the abortion rights movement?","Certainly everybody would agree that reproductive rights are hanging the balance right now. It's a tough time, and there are two schools of thought. I think that the leadership at Planned Parenthood has to do what it thinks is right. I don't think there's a right or wrong. For my part, I would do what I did, you know, last time around."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The leadership of Planned Parenthood is focusing on abortion rights advocacy instead of a broad range of health care issues.","questions":"What is Planned Parenthood's new priority?","answer":"Abortion"}
{"text":["Well, I think they're convening a panel tomorrow to discuss it once more. Declaring a public health emergency of international concern has big implications. So the closing of borders - you know, these are border towns. People - their livelihoods are dependent on being able to cross borders and do business.","Yeah.","Refugees who are fleeing armed conflict in DRC not being able to come into Uganda. So it - there are some serious implications on making that declaration, and I'm sure those will be considered.","How hopeful are you that this outbreak can be contained?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Making the declaration can have serious implications, and the panel will consider it.","questions":"What will the panel consider?","answer":"Implications"}
{"text":["We had testimony submitted to us this morning in writing by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who engineered - according to the government and himself - the attacks of 9\/11. And he was questioned about the role of Salim Hamdan, and I'll just read you one paragraph from what he answered.","The question was, did Salim Hamdan ever have any role in planning, or carry out, any activities that you either directed or were involved in?, as he was the director of operations. He didn't play any role. He was not a soldier. He was a driver. His nature was primitive. He was a Bedouin one person and far from civilized. He was not fit to plan or execute. But he is fit to change truck tires, to change oil filters, wash and clean cars, and passing cargo and pickup trucks. He could tighten bolts and could select the best maintenance shop.","This is Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, saying this about Hamdan?","That's right. We also had testimony from Waleed bin Attash, and as I understand it, he was responsible, or has boasted his responsibility, for the attack on the USS Cole. And he says Salim Hamdan's activities were distinctively clear, as he was seen driving the cars going and coming every day. His responsibilities were those related to driving, such as mechanical and maintenance and repairs. He was not involved in planning any attacks against the United States."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), Khalid Sheikh Mohammed's statement about Salim Hamdan's \"nature\" being \"primitive\" and him being \"far from civilized\" is not meant to be taken literally. It is a derogatory and prejudiced statement that reflects the speaker's biased view of Hamdan's cultural and ethnic background.","questions":"How was Salim Hamdan's \"nature\" described by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed?","answer":"Primitive"}
{"text":["Yes, we're all OK.  We're all safe. We're at his house in James City, thank goodness.","Yeah. I'm told you left after the evacuation order. May I ask why?","We made the decision to stay based on the fact that all of the ATMs were out of cash, there was a gas shortage, monetary reasons and concerns of not being able to get back in. I have my father, who is in a nursing facility fighting Stage 4 Hodgkin's lymphoma, and I was really concerned about what would happen with him.","How is your father?How is your father, may I ask?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker decided to stay because of the lack of resources and concerns about the safety of their father who is fighting Stage 4 Hodgkin's lymphoma","questions":"Which health condition was the PersonA's father fighting?","answer":"Hodgkin's"}
{"text":["We got hit pretty hard with the recession. And when people aren't making money, they're not spending money.","And they're certainly not eating ice cream.","And they're not eating ice cream. So the more people make, the more they come down here and vacation from all over the world - general improving in the economy. I think there's a lot of confidence in the new administration that's in there. It seems like it's pro-small business, you know?There's a window manufacturer right next to where we're at, and they are swamped right now. And they say the same thing. It's, you know, people are confident. They're not holding onto their money. They're investing it in the economy.","May I ask you, did you vote for President Trump?","I didn't vote Democrat or Republican because I just - I'd had enough of the spatting back and forth. I'm prior military, so I support our president no matter who it is. But I didn't like the personalities of it, so I didn't vote for either one of those two.","Some of the owners that were surveyed were saying that there were some concerns - cost of health insurance, lack of qualified workers. Well, what are the things that you're concerned about right now that may hold back your business?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People aren't spending money due to the recession.","questions":"How does the recession affect people's spending habits?","answer":"Reduce"}
{"text":["So there's always been this open question about why Deutsche Bank lent to Trump when other banks wouldn't. And for investigators, the question is, you know, all the more pressing because Deutsche Bank has really a record of malfeasance and irregularities.","Tell us more about that history, some of the allegations. We mentioned money laundering earlier.","Right. Well, yeah, money laundering - the bank paid fines totaling $630 million in 2017. Regulators said some of its clients moved a huge amount of money, like $10 billion, out of Russia into offshore accounts illegally. And Deutsche Bank basically allowed it to happen. The - and the allegations about money laundering continue. Just recently, in November, the bank's headquarters in Frankfurt were raided by investigators. They were looking at how Deutsche Bank helped set up illegal accounts as part of this big, money laundering - global money laundering scheme.","So add to that Deutsche Bank paid $7. 2 billion for helping set up toxic mortgages before the financial crisis. It paid a big fine for violating U. S.  sanctions against Iran and Syria. So really, the bank has a long record of scandal, to say the least."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"history\" and \"allegations\" - While these words may have a straightforward meaning on their own, in this context, they imply that there is a pattern of wrongdoing that has been documented.","questions":"How would you describe the pattern of wrongdoing documented in the dialogue?","answer":"money-laundering"}
{"text":["Happy birthday NASA. Fifty years old today. Wonder how that feels?A former NASA engineer thinks this now middle-aged agency should try something new. Solve the energy crisis by collecting solar power through a space-based energy system. He's Glenn Smith. He oversaw science and applications experiments for the international space station when he was at NASA. We spoke earlier about his proposal.","You have very large solar cells, solar rays in space, probably 22 thousand miles out, so it circles the earth at the same speed that the earth rotates. It stays above one spot on the earth, and you convert that electric power into microwaves, and you beam it down near cities where large amounts of power are used. Receives it, converts it back to electric energy and feeds it into the existing power grid.","And that wouldn't be dangerous to anyone who got in the way of that ray coming down, or airplanes flying by, or anything?","Well, I've got a lot of questions about that. But here's what we have. The highest power level of the beam is only about one-fifth of the energy density of summer sunlight at noon. One-fifth. Tests have been run on bees and birds twice that level and they haven't found any effects yet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Space-based energy system could potentially solve energy crisis.","questions":"How could the energy be converted back to electric energy and fed into the existing power grid?","answer":"Microwaves"}
{"text":["Good morning, Debbie. How are you?","I'm good. When you hold hearings on the administration's immigration policies, what are going to be the key questions you're going to be looking to have answered?","Well, for the last two years, we've had very few oversight hearings on the department. Now, we've only talked to the secretary one time since she's been secretary. And so we plan to do robust oversight on the whole department. It just so happens that the border is front and center now because of what's going on. We're very concerned about the tragic death of the two children. We're concerned about the wholesale release of migrants seeking asylum on the streets of El Paso.","So we want to get to the bottom of why these things are happening. Is it a resource issue?Is it an issue that the policies that are presently being implemented are causing the system to not work?So oversight is what we have to do. It's our mandate from Congress, and we plan to do it.","Now, you're not the only incoming chairman who's looking at oversight. There'll be other committees - judiciary, intelligence, for example - who will also be investigating. Could that be a recipe for overreach?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is asking for an explanation of the actions the committee plans to take to investigate the administration's immigration policies.","questions":"What is PersonB asking about the committee's plans regarding the administration's immigration policies?","answer":"Oversight."}
{"text":["It was an amazing list. This started around 1910. There was a long list of books, and, at the start, they were things that sound pretty ordinary now, the things you mentioned, titles of things like \"Tom Swift and His Airship,\" \"Tom Swift and His Wireless Message. \"My favorite is \"Tom Swift and His Photo Telephone. \"If you read \"Tom Swift and His Photo Telephone,\" which is written in 1914, it sounds like you're hearing the description of Skype or Google Hangout.","The boy inventor invented this in 1914 fictionally, but the details are surprisingly similar.","Are people still reading those books, the Tom Swift books?","That's a good question. There were two big series. The first series started in 1910, went up to about 1940. They updated it in the 1950s and '60s with things like \"Tom Swift and His Rocket Ship,\" \"Tom Swift and His Giant Robot\" and on and on. Those petered out. And they started up a few later, but the later ones just got off into sort of fantasy."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The details in the Tom Swift books are surprisingly accurate.","questions":"Which books have surprisingly accurate details?","answer":"Tom-Swift-books"}
{"text":["That's the most egregious part of this scandal - is that she and her boyfriend Sunny Balwani, who was the No. 2 of the company, knew as they were rolling out the blood-testing services in Walgreens stores in California and Arizona that the blood tests were faulty. And yet they still went ahead with the rollout. And there were - I came across personally in my reporting more than a dozen patients who had health scares because they received bad results from Theranos.","How could so many smart people be fooled?","Well, I think she capitalized on this in part - it's not the only answer. But she capitalizes on this yearning there was in Silicon Valley and beyond to see a woman breakthrough in this man's world in Silicon Valley. If you look back over the past 30 years, all these tech founders that have gone on to be billionaires and icons are all men. Elizabeth Holmes was going to be that first tech founder who became a billionaire.","John Carreyrou - his book \"Bad Blood\" - thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Elizabeth Holmes was able to attract attention and investment by presenting herself as a woman who could succeed in a male-dominated industry.","questions":"What was Elizabeth Holmes' strategy to attract attention and investment?","answer":"Breakthrough"}
{"text":["Perhaps it really was all Steve Bannon inviting Michael Wolff into the White House, giving him unfettered access. But the White House is - and the West Wing is a small place. And it's hard to ignore. I certainly saw Michael Wolff when I was covering - when I've been covering the White House for the last year. It's kind of hard to ignore the guy.","Yeah. And just briefly, I'm just curious about this idea that somehow, you know, this may not really damage the president. I mean, how much of a blow do you think this will be?Or is this just another one of these scandals that seems to erupt and then be forgotten when the next one comes in?","I think it has a small, marginal, cumulative effect, right?I mean everybody sort of has baked in that that the president is not normal, is not - certainly not a normal president, doesn't operate in the normal way. I think what will change - say, that 36, 38 percent approval to something a lot worse - is if something happens catastrophic, if there's a drop a severe drop in the stock market or, God forbid, some kind of national security disaster, something bad for the Mueller investigation. This is only hurting his ability to weather a big storm like that. It's giving nobody who's on the fence, trying to figure out if they can still support him any reason to do so.","That's Michael Warren, a senior writer at the Weekly Standard. Thanks for coming in."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Steve Bannon is responsible for giving Michael Wolff access to the White House, which is hard to ignore.","questions":"What is the reason it's hard to ignore Michael Wolff in the White House according to turn 0?","answer":"Access"}
{"text":["Yes, it's a primate. It's actually one of the largest monkey species there are. I'm not sure if you're familiar with Rafiki from the movie \"Lion King?\"Rafiki is a mandrill. They have extremely colorful noses and rumps, and like I said, they're one of the largest monkey species.","Do the animals get something special to eat considering it's Thanksgiving?","Keepers that are responsible for the day-to-day care of the animals do make some special treats for the animals. For example, our gorillas, on a daily basis, they get sweet potatoes, and on Thanksgiving, they may add some nutmeg or cinnamon to the sweet potatoes to make it kind of reminiscent of being home with family on the holidays.","Barb Webber is working today at Disney's Animal Kingdom. Happy Thanksgiving, Barb, to you and your animal friends."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Rafiki is not a person but a mandrill monkey species","questions":"How would you describe Rafiki's appearance?","answer":"Colorful"}
{"text":["They're all priceless.","Exactly.","Tell us about the priceless ones in your collection. How many do you have in your collection?","We have about - in excess of 1,800 different meteorites. If you consider. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : priceless implies a zero price or worthless, but it really means valuable","questions":"How are priceless objects often perceived, despite their true value?","answer":"Valuable"}
{"text":["Well, I think his biggest mistake was that he was a very strict controller of how the theory was handled by his disciples. In other words, he permitted no deviation or modification of his theory or methods, and he didn't encourage any research to empirically validate his theory. So basically, people that followed him and embraced his theory had to take it on faith.","A somewhat lesser-known figure I found fascinating to read about, Dr.  Benjamin Rush, the only doctor to sign the Declaration of Independence. I guess he's known as the father of American psychiatry. But I've got to tell you after reading about him, I wonder why a pretty good medical school is named after him.","Again, we have to understand that to view things through the lens of the 21st century, it puts things in a really - a different light. Benjamin Rush was a physician, and what he did was to really take seriously the plight of people who were mentally ill. He wasn't a psychiatrist. He was a physician. The problem is is that the knowledge was so limited at the time, they really weren't able to gain any traction in understanding the underlying basis of severe mental illnesses. And so they came up with these ideas and these treatments that now seem to be either cockamamie or cruel.","Yeah. Psychiatry over the years has been back and forth on if mental disorder - for example, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia - is inherited."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"father of American psychiatry\" - This is a figurative expression that refers to Dr. Benjamin Rush's significant contributions to the field of psychiatry. It does not mean that he was literally the biological father of psychiatry in America.","questions":"Which term is used figuratively to describe Dr. Benjamin Rush's significant contributions to psychiatry?","answer":"father"}
{"text":["UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #2: (Reading) That they are endowed by their creator. . .","Those voices were recorded last year on the National Mall. This year, to celebrate the Fourth of July, we're examining the text of the Declaration of Independence, but not the parts you've heard over and over again. The smallest details of phrasing in that declaration were crucial. Many words carried hidden meanings, small proclamations meant to legitimize aspirations for independence and little barbs for the British. It's part of Mark Memmott's job to pay attention to how we use words. He's NPR's supervising senior editor for standards and practices. Welcome, Mark.","Glad to be here.","OK, point us to a word in the Declaration of Independence that we might not have paid that much attention to.","I should say right here that I learned a lot about this this week from Professor Stephen Lucas, University of Wisconsin-Madison. The word is necessary."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B: Those voices were recorded last year on the National Mall. This year, to celebrate the Fourth of July, we're examining the text of the Declaration of Independence, but not the parts you've heard over and over again.","questions":"Which event is being celebrated to examine the text of the Declaration of Independence this year?","answer":"Fourth"}
{"text":["It's good to be here, Tony.","You know, you've been getting pretty hot under the collar about this issue, I understand. Why is it such a concern for you?","It's a concern for me because it's a misunderstanding that a lot of ex-convicts have. If you have a felony it has been in the past that often states do restrict or disenfranchise those who have a felony conviction. Those laws have changed over the years, and now in most states it's no longer the case, or there are means by which you can get your civil rights back. But a lot of people - a lot of ex-convicts or felons that I knew that ended up in my court system simply rested on the false notion that they did not have the ability to vote. And that ended and that kept them from further embracing or engaging in the community, and kept them separate, and apart, and not where they needed to be.","Is it a situation where an ex-felon is allowed - is entitled to have his or her voting rights restored, but the process by which those voting rights are restored is so cumbersome that they either don't know about it or they don't go through it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is reassuring to be accepted and welcomed here by Tony.","questions":"How does PersonA feel about being with Tony?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["Well, the - there in every single state, and the data changes state by state, but in every single state, there is a huge disproportionality between the number of particularly African-Americans, but also Latino youths, who wind up in high-level facilities, as opposed to Caucasians youth who wind up in high-level facilities.","And by high level you mean the higher security, more. . .","I mean, higher - yes, more intensive, more secure facilities. Ironically, or maybe not so ironically, when you look at high - facilities that have a high-level of treatment, you'll see disproportionally white youth in the high-level of treatment facilities. But from the very first day, when we start with arrests, which I'm sure you're very familiar with, but moving on through the system, there is continuous and increased disproportionality.","That doesn't even deal with the real disproportionality in the system, between families that have assets, and the families that have fewer assets. So, youth in the juvenile justice system are primarily African-Americans and Latinos that are almost entirely low-income youth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : White youth are overrepresented in high-level treatment facilities.","questions":"Which youths are disproportionally represented in high-level treatment facilities?","answer":"White"}
{"text":["No, so Wim van Egmond is an artist, and he was trained as an artist. He was a painter at first, and he was really into painting from these scientific illustrations, biological illustrations from hundreds of years ago. And he said, well, you know, I could just do this myself. So he purchased his first microscope about 20 years ago and since then has been kind of perfecting the technique.","But when he started, you know, he was also working with film, like Roman Vishniac. And, you know, when he had to look up what he was looking at, these organisms, he was looking in reference books, things that are just unthinkable these days, of course you would just Google.","So he said that, you know, progress has gotten much faster because now you can just look and see your result immediately. You don't have to develop your film, and - you know, and so he's gotten - it sounds like he's gotten - he's sort of refined his techniques much more quickly in the days of the digital camera.","Now I know you like to limit the size of your video pick to like three or four minutes."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"progress has gotten much faster because now you can just look and see your result immediately.\" Literal meaning: Advances in technology have made progress faster because you can immediately see your result without having to wait. Actual meaning: The availability of digital technology has allowed Wim van Egmond to refine his microscopy techniques more quickly than he would have been able to in the past.","questions":"What has allowed Wim van Egmond to refine his microscopy techniques more quickly?","answer":"digital"}
{"text":["They know - they see the world as a number of systems. You know, a matrix is a system stuck together, and they know we're vulnerable at a lot of different points. And that's the reason we're seeing more and more groups using these kinds of methods.","They're formidable. I mean, nobody should think of this as a terribly unequal struggle between, you know, the international community and the terrorist. They're a formidable opponent, and we need to act across a broad spectrum to stop them.","So what can be done about this opponent?","We recommend - we have a lot of recommendations. We think they're very practical. It can be done. Some of them are internal in the government themselves. There are internal changes Congress needs to make so that it can be more effective in this, and other commissions have recommended them. Now, let's do it. Let's get it done."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The opponent is using complex systems to attack us","questions":"Which word describes the opponent's methods?","answer":"Methods"}
{"text":["Aw. We mentioned that you worked for President George W.  Bush, who advised John McCain. In your circle of friends, people there at the Hoover Institution - without violating any any confidences - your friends and colleagues - is your opinion widely held or are people who ordinarily would support the Republican candidate talking about voting for Hillary Clinton?","I think this is a real time of crisis for Republicans. It's hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Donald Trump. And it's very hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Hillary Clinton. In fact, I would have indulged the luxury of writing in one of my terrific nephews for president if I hadn't seen that the polls during the British referendum were off by 12 points. And my concern that (inaudible) be accurate, and everybody's vote's actually going to count this election.","Kori Schake is a research fellow at the Hoover Institution. She joined us by Skype. Thanks very much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"It's hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Donald Trump.\" This turn is an example of figurative language, where the word \"hard\" is used to express the idea of difficulty or reluctance. The literal meaning of \"hard\" is related to physical or tangible things, but in this context, it's used to convey an abstract concept.","questions":"What word describes the idea of difficulty or reluctance in relation to supporting Donald Trump?","answer":"Hard"}
{"text":["And she - my wife went and found the chaplain at Northwestern - a Lutheran chaplain who'd never performed a wedding before. She came to our room and performed the ceremony, just the three of us. It was a lovely, personal, intimate ceremony. And immediately after the ceremony, I took some pain medication and peed in a cup.","Well, that's one way to say l'chaim, isn't it?I made a short list: addiction abuse, adultery, abandonment, imminent incest and just plain old hatred. So is every family is a little bit like the Westons of Osage County?","What we have seen by doing this play is that the story of this family is pretty universal. And the dinner scene alone, in the theater - I can tell you that some people are howling with laughter, and other people are in tears and crawling under their seats. They find it very upsetting to watch because it hits pretty close to home.","\"Fiddler on the Roof\" with the F word?","That's one way to look at it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) B: \"Well, that's one way to say l'chaim, isn't it? I made a short list: addiction abuse, adultery, abandonment, imminent incest and just plain old hatred. So is every family is a little bit like the Westons of Osage County?\"","questions":"Which family did PersonB compare to the Westons of Osage County?","answer":"Westons"}
{"text":["(Singing) When the night comes. And you lay your weary had to rest. No more trials, no test. When the night comes. . .","That kind of thing.","Dan Auerbach, thank you for putting up with my really (Soundbite of laughter) miserable drumming. My rhythm section was lousy, but you sounded great.","I just felt like I was on \"American Idol. \""],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : He felt like he was watching a contestant on a game show.","questions":"Which show did PersonA feel like he was on?","answer":"game"}
{"text":["It's like a bird treadmill. I mean, it's the same idea, right?","Right.","And the point of this study, which Ivo Ros is doing, was to figure out how much energy it takes to fly. So they have a little heart monitor hooked up to the cockatiels. But again, like imagine what this is like for the cockatiels. So there's all this training involved because for a bird to be flapping their wings and not going anywhere is really weird. So they have to, you know, encourage them not to sit on the bars. And it just was. . .","There's no scenery changing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"But again, like imagine what this is like for the cockatiels.\" - The speaker is not asking the listener to imagine the experience of being a cockatiel, but rather to empathize with the potential discomfort and stress that the birds may experience during the experiment.","questions":"Which bird species is fitted with a heart monitor in the study that Ivo Ros is conducting?","answer":"cockatiel"}
{"text":["Sounds good, right?Sixty years ago this month, Miles Davis finished recording one of the most iconic albums in jazz. \"Kind Of Blue\" is perhaps Davis's greatest masterpiece. But it wasn't the only milestone recorded that year. John Coltrane, Dave Brubeck, Ornette Coleman and Charles Mingus all cut timeless classics, which is why many fans consider 1959 the best year in jazz ever.","There are all kinds of think pieces about this - a new blog devoted to the subject, even a documentary film titled \"1959: The Year That Changed Jazz. \"So settle in. And let's listen to what 1959 sounded like. Our guide is Nate Chinen. He is editorial director at our member station WBGO. And he's with Jazz Night In America. Nate, thanks for being here.","Thank you, Rachel.","All right. Make the case. What makes 1959 so great?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Let's explore the music of 1959 and why it was special","questions":"Which year is considered by many fans as the best in jazz ever?","answer":"1959"}
{"text":["Yes, yes, in fact three weeks ago, General Electric came here because they now realize that this is coming with a vehemence and changing - that all the lighting is going to be this. And of course they've got a lot of pride in this, and they could use it for their purposes.","So they came here and filmed one morning. I was pretty rough on them, in a sense, because I said I'm not going to do anything special for you guys. I believe in you, I've worked with you and all that, but just come in here with your stuff and film. And so it's in my drawer here.","It's going to be - you're not giving it to the Smithsonian or anybody like. . .","Hey, Ira, it's a tiny little crystal, and it's hard to believe that a tiny little crystal, you tickle it with a current, and wham, it'll blind you. In other words - I don't really don't know what ought to be done. You know, John Bardeen didn't give his first transistor box to the Smithsonian. It's here in a museum, and I don't know. That's an interesting question: Where should things like that go?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A is not willing to do anything special for General Electric's filming","questions":"Which company came to film at PersonA's place three weeks ago?","answer":"GeneralElectric."}
{"text":["Well, Jo, when she came to Parliament in May 2015, she immediately began work on the Syria refugee crisis. She set up a cross party group of MPs to work on the issue. She was one of the first people to call for humanitarian aid drops to the besieged towns and cities of Syria. And she was instrumental in changing U. K.  government policy so that the conservative government has now agreed to take 3,000 unaccompanied Syrian refugee children who are in desperate need of our help, solidarity and support. And so in that short one year, one month in Parliament, she made a tremendous difference. People had already marked her down as a rising star in the Labour Party.","And we should remember, she had a young family, I gather.","Jo had two young children, age 3 and 5, and she was talking about how one of them had chickenpox only the other day. She (inaudible) houseboat with her husband Brendan and the children. And it is so hard for people to come to terms with this senseless death. And we are shocked to the core.","Campaigning has been temporarily suspended in the referendum that's coming up in just a few days about whether Britain should stay in the European Union or leave. Could you tell us something about the political atmosphere in Britain as you see it now as this important referendum approaches?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : implies that the speaker is impressed with how Jo was able to balance her work with parenting; (3) implies that the speaker is expressing disbelief and dismay at the tragedy of Jo's death; (4) implies that the speaker is asking for an opinion on the current political atmosphere in Britain","questions":"What was Jo's contribution to changing U.K. government policy?","answer":"Policy"}
{"text":["Correct.","And that's the idea?","That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.","Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implies a question as to whether any action has been taken to remove President Kabila from power.","questions":"What has been done to address President Kabila's violation of the constitution?","answer":"Investigated"}
{"text":["As a trained economist, as you do your personal budget, what do you figure paying $60 a month would force you to do without?","If I was not looking to change my career at all, if I was tending bar and making the income that I'm making right now, I would maybe save a little less, maybe, you know, buy a cheaper brand of dog food. It wouldn't affect me too much. It would be something that would make money a little tighter. But it would be an important reason, just like having lights on in your house makes money a little tighter. It's an important thing to spend it on, you know.","As now, I'm looking for career work in Philadelphia, in the D. C.  area and New York area. So with interviews and that job hunt, there's a lot of travel expense, whether it's taking a train or jumping in the car, and going and staying for a night or staying for a couple of nights. So every little bit, when I want to be able say: Hey, you want to interview tomorrow?Absolutely, I'll be there first thing in the morning. All of my income is focused on launching this career that I've spent the last several years of my life preparing for.","And are there other ways in which you live differently, Mr.  Kreider, because you're worried about twisting an ankle?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3)\tA:\tAs now, I'm looking for career work in Philadelphia, in the D.C. area and New York area.So with interviews and that job hunt, there's a lot of travel expense, whether it's taking a train or jumping in the car, and going and staying for a night or staying for a couple of nights.So every little bit, when I want to be able say: Hey, you want to interview tomorrow?Absolutely, I'll be there first thing in the morning.All of my income is focused on launching this career that I've spent the last several years of my life preparing for. (4)\tB:\tAnd are there other ways in which you live differently, Mr. Kreider, because you're worried about twisting an ankle?  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1)  (2)  (3)  (4) ChatGPT The turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings are:  (2) \"save a little less\" - The literal meaning would be to reduce the amount of money saved, but the implied meaning is that the person would be willing to compromise on their savings and not save as much as they currently do.  (3) \"all of my income is focused on launching this career\" - The literal meaning would be that the person is using all of their income for career purposes, but the implied meaning is that the person is prioritizing and investing heavily in their career, possibly sacrificing other expenses or financial goals.  (4) \"live differently...because you're worried about twisting an ankle\" - The literal meaning would be that the person has altered their lifestyle due to the fear of getting injured, specifically twisting an ankle. The implied meaning is that the person is cautious and takes precautions in their daily activities to avoid any potential injuries.       Reg","questions":"Which city is Mr. Kreider looking for career work in?","answer":"Philadelphia"}
{"text":["Which is what they do.","This is what they do, in the equivalent amount to one or 10 bad eggs or so. And they plated it out over time on these little plates. And if you put the sample on on the plate right after you add the salmonella. It looks like a lawn. I mean, the bacteria. . .","Petri dishes full of lawn.","(Unintelligible)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Actual meaning implies that the bacteria has grown and spread across the plates, creating the appearance of a lawn.","questions":"How would you describe the appearance of the bacteria on the plates?","answer":"Lawn-like"}
{"text":["Yeah. Let me ask, I would think, Sana, that - you've already mentioned that you were surprised that a number of these people were not angry or did not harbor bitterness about having been born to parents who were slaves. But what else was it about them, if there was a thread that seemed to tie them together?","Their parents raised them with hope, the idea that I want your life to be better than mine. And though things aren't the way we were promised, right, with emancipation. Things aren't the way they were promised, that one day they will be, and you'll be ready for it.","You also described them in the book as having immigrant-like expectations. Explain what you meant.","There was this genuine commitment to want to believe in the future, which is phenomenal to think about. There was this belief that everything that happened to me is over. The worst is behind after the Civil War, and I am going to go out and seek a new life in freedom, right?So everything, all of my hopes and dreams, I am going to give that back to the country. There was a genuine commitment to reinvest in the building of what was to be a new America.","Was it a patriotism?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Conditional. As we noted in chapter 1, there are sentences of a natural language, like English, that are not atomic sentences. Our examples included.","questions":"How was the commitment of the people described in the book towards the future?","answer":"Genuine"}
{"text":["And first we need to give a tip of the hat to Sports Illustrated and a story by Richard Deitsch, which caught our eye. And it detailed the lengths that women sportscasters, like yourself, are going to try to protect their security on the road. One woman said she actually travels with Band-Aids to put over hotel door peepholes. Do you do the same thing?","No, and to be honest, I read that and went, oh, I had never thought about that and went wow, that's a pretty good idea. But before Erin, I had never thought about a peephole, period. And I'm guessing most women who travel, period, would say the same thing.","What are some of the protective measures that you do take when you're traveling to games?","It can be as simple as when I walk into an elevator, I never open the envelope that holds the card so anybody can look into it and see what room number I am. I'm very aware of making sure that I feel as protected as I can. One time I was in the elevator, someone walked in real close before it was shutting and kind of jumped in with me and didn't press a button and said, hello, Laura Okmin. And it could be as simple as just somebody who happened to recognize me and was going to the same floor, but I think my antenna was raised enough to just stand there. And then when I walked out, he walked out. I walked back in, and I went downstairs to the lobby and I switched my room."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implies that the global migrant crisis is much bigger than most people think, and that many people are risking their lives in order to have a better life.  ChatGPT The global migrant crisis refers to the large number of people who are forced to flee their homes due to war, persecution, poverty, or environmental disaster","questions":"What crisis does turn 1 refer to?","answer":"Global"}
{"text":["Correct.","How much money was that?","$175,000 for the coming year.","And specifically, you used that money in what way?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : coming year means the year that is coming up","questions":"Which year?","answer":"Coming"}
{"text":["No, no, and I think my guess is that a good part of this was done before the president made that announcement. It is the case - immigration law is so complicated, and so much of it is unclear that it certainly argues, as Obama said today, that this is something that Congress should go back and try to come up with some clear and more comprehensive immigration reform law, but maybe, as you know, that's for some future Congress.","The critics, those who were in the minority on the 5 to 3 part, those included Justices Scalia and Thomas. Did either of them say anything interesting in their dissent?","Justice Scalia said a lot that was interesting. He said, here's a quote. \"As a sovereign, Arizona has the inherent power to exclude persons from its territory subject only to limitations written into law by Congress. \"He took a very strong view - he mentioned it at the argument - that a sovereign state has the sort of authority on its own to arrest or kick out unwanted people.","I had never heard that before. I didn't think states had that power. But Justice Scalia wrote a very strong dissent, sort of arguing for this is a sovereign right of Arizona, and we the Supreme Court shouldn't step in and block what they're doing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"say anything interesting\" - The actual meaning implied here is that the dissenting justices had differing opinions that were worth discussing or noteworthy.","questions":"What did Justice Scalia strongly argue for?","answer":"sovereign"}
{"text":["So crack down on the doctors, but make sure there's a support system ready for their patients.","Absolutely. And the thing is - and this is so beautiful - is that when you get to watch lives change. For myself, you know, I used to get up every single morning thinking, you know, where am I going to get my pills?And that occupied my entire day. Now, keep in mind, I was a practicing physician. So I had some other things to do. And that's what people who are, you know, who are addicted are facing every single day.","And now, you know, providing them with quality help and watching them change their lives is one of the most fun things that I've ever been involved with. We need to make that opportunity more widespread. We need to decrease the stigma around stepping out and ask for help. And also, Sacha, we need to make evidence-based treatment available without the stigma that goes along with it.","That's Dr.  Steven Loyd. He's based in Nashville, Tenn. Thanks for talking with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"And the thing is - and this is so beautiful - is that when you get to watch lives change...And that occupied my entire day.\"  The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker has overcome addiction and now enjoys helping others in a similar position, which is incredibly fulfilling. They used to be preoccupied with obtaining drugs, but now their focus has shifted to improving the lives of others.","questions":"What used to occupy the PersonA's entire day before they overcame addiction?","answer":"Drugs"}
{"text":["We started originally in one of the big, metal buildings that comprises our fair area. And then we moved to an old World War II hangar here at the local airport as a backup.","Wow.","So we're using both now.","Have federal officials said why they picked Deming?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : We are using both buildings now, despite the inconvenience","questions":"What is the reason for using two buildings?","answer":"Convenience"}
{"text":["So, tell us about those. There's one called the U6, I understand.","Well, U4, U5, U6 and they are all subsets of - each one is the previous one plus another group of unemployed. So, to go from U3 to U4, we add a group of people called discouraged workers. These are people who have given up looking for jobs even though they want a job. Then there's a different group called the marginally-attached worker, and that's somebody who isn't looking for a job but wants one. And there's another group of people who are working part time, but want a full-time job, but can't find them. If you take the broadest measure, the U6 measure of unemployment, we're talking about 11. 8 percent, and those are numbers similar to what we saw in the 1970s. That's an ugly unemployment number.","Well, why doesn't the government count that number or use that number when reporting these numbers?","Do you really have to ask that question?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It's a well-known fact that the government doesn't report accurate numbers.","questions":"Which fact?","answer":"fact"}
{"text":["Yes. (Laughter). I suppose you're right. I mean, that may follow. But I. . .","(Laughter).",". . . Wanted to explore a masculine archetype. And that's what Daddy is. He is larger than life. He's almost too big to exist. He's straight out of mythology. He's very strong and reassuring, and he sticks by his children, et cetera. But he's also - you know, he's got this troubled streak. This sort of - this violence in him. He's entirely defined by his body, his physicality, his strength. And Cathy arrived, saying, actually, what happens when these ideals are instilled in someone who doesn't inhabit the right physicality?Or she's somebody who has a very similar temperament to her father, but she doesn't have his strength. And she's a girl. And how does she stitch together those dual identities?","Yeah. There is - not to give too much away, but there's an act of violence in the book in which a woman takes a man's life. She sees it as her only way to survive. And I have to ask if recent events and recent debates and soul searching we've had in both our countries makes the scene even more telling."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the literal meaning is that the interviewer asks if recent events and debates make a scene in a book more significant.","questions":"What act happens in the book that the interviewer is referring to?","answer":"Man's-life"}
{"text":["You know, there were a handful of people who did voice displeasure with some of the proposals mainly because of what they felt like was ambiguity in the language. But generally I think that there was a sense of relief a little bit within the room but also an acknowledgment that what they put forward today and what they're working on is by no means a final solution to this problem.","I mean, the leaders acknowledged that. They also briefly kind of acknowledged the fears and skepticism of this group of survivors and activists who have been calling for more drastic action for more than a decade now. So while there was relief and, I think, a little bit of a feeling of accomplishment, I think there are many people in the room who know that this issue is far from over, and they're going to have to do more.","And what about outside the convention center?I gather there have been demonstrations going on. Have you been able to get out and speak to anybody outside?","Yeah, so there's a group of survivors, activists, and they're really - they've been - they're kind of the core group of people who for decades now have been asking for reforms and really warning about this issue. And so while they kind of acknowledge that this is a good step in the direction, there really are some - they - you know, they view it as a systemic and institutional issue that isn't going to be fixed with a few pronouncements and resolutions and new committees."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Although leaders acknowledged activists' fears, more drastic actions are still needed to solve the issue.","questions":"Which issue?","answer":"Issue"}
{"text":["Well, I want to offer condolences to you and the Virginia Beach community. I'm wondering what you can tell us about how people are holding up. I understand you visited a hospital where some of the people wounded in the shooting are being treated still.","I did. You know, this is - again, it's a horrific tragedy, and our hearts go out to certainly the 12 victims that showed up for work yesterday for the city of Virginia Beach intending to go home. And this tragedy occurred, and they weren't able to. And so there's a tremendous void in their families and our community right now. There's a lot of hurt and healing that needs to take place.","I was able to go to the hospital this morning. My intentions were twofold. I wanted to thank the caregivers, the doctors, the nurses and the administrators. And then also, I was able to speak with one of the patients and the families. And they're just such strong and faithful people and just going through what must be one of the hardest experiences in their lives. They were just very grateful for the care that they were receiving and grateful for the heroic work of the law enforcement agents yesterday.","Inevitably, after each mass shooting, there are calls for tighter gun laws. You introduced a number of gun control bills in Virginia's General Assembly back in January, not even six months ago."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The shooting was a terrible tragedy and has left a lot of hurt and healing needed in the community.","questions":"How did the community react to the tragedy?","answer":"Hurt"}
{"text":["But even artists like Bone Crusher, who's very theatrical. He was on \"The Biggest Loser\" or - no, the \"Celebrity Fit Club,\" \"Celebrity Fit Club. \"He was on \"Celebrity Fit Club\" and has such a wonderful personality. You have so - these artists that are first songwriters and musicians are so creative. They are so well-rounded and many of them you will see in other mediums.","Now, you are listening to NPR's News & Notes. I am Farai Chideya. In case you are just tuning in, we are doing a special roundtable in entertainment in the ATL with Dee Dee Murray. She is president of Murray Media Music. The company provides publishing service for musicians, writers and producers. And Sonia Murray, music writer at the Atlanta Journal Constitution.","Now, Dee Dee, what about the issue of being a woman in this industry?You know, I have many friends in the industry and I am just going to be real here. You know, one of them says, well, if I don't go to the strip clubs with the guys, I don't get the deal. Do you ever had to figure out where you draw the line in terms of how you are willing to make deals and where you are willing to make deals?","All of the time. As a woman, you always are faced with the challenge of upholding your morality in a lot of instances. And for me, I have had to go to the strip club with some of my clients that are males from California that only dreamed of coming to Atlanta and striking deals in these clubs."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They are implying that deals are done in inappropriate places","questions":"What challenge does a woman face in the music industry according to Dee Dee in the dialogue?","answer":"Challenge"}
{"text":["But I'm sure that there's something else that you want to share with us. You have your poems about California, poems about the blues.","I've got one. The once called \"Who I Am in Twilight. \"And it's a poem that is actually emblazoned on the sidewalk. And it's set in stone, as it were, on something called \"Poetry Walk\" in Berkeley, California. They put down on sidewalk, Addison Street, about a hundred poets', I think, work. So it's fun to go over there and see how posterity works, because always somebody has dropped some pizza on it, mashed out a cigarette on it, or something like that.","So don't live for posterity, live for now. But here it is. \"Who I am in Twilight. \"","Like John Lee Hooker, like Lightnin' Hopkins, like the blues himself. The Trickster Sonnet, hoedown, the tango, the cante jondo. Like blessed spirituals and ragas, custom-made. Like sagas. Like stories. Like slick, slow, sly, soliloquies sliding into dramas. Like crime and punishment. Like death and birth. Canal Street, New Orleans. Like the easy, erasable, troubled voices a whirling ceiling fan makes in deep summer nights in hot, un-heavenly hotels. Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee. Like the Mississippi River so deep and wide, you couldn't get a letter to the other side. Like Grand Canyon. Like Yosemite National Park. Like beans and cornbread. Like rest and recreation. Like love and like. I know we last. I know our bleeding stops."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Life should be lived in the moment rather than for posterity.","questions":"Which poem by PersonA is emblazoned on the sidewalk?","answer":"Art"}
{"text":["Oh, yes. You know, capitalism evolved into the Wild, Wild West form of capitalism in which regulation was relatively lax, I mean, which leverage in borrowing produced the combined phenomena where, you know, everyone assumed that prices of everything would always go up and never go down. Witness the phenomena with housing prices.","Now, all of that's changed. We've understood that there's a need for regulation, for control in terms of lending, and for an assumption of reduced expectations in terms of return. And so, yeah, capitalism as defined over the past 10 or 20 years, in which prices only went down for a year or two, and then they snapped back up and reached for accelerated and new highs, those days are disappearing quickly.","Bill Gross is Managing Director of Pacific Investment Management Company, which has more than $720 billion of investments. Bill, thank you.","Thank you very much, Alex."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Capitalism has changed and now requires more regulation and reduced expectations in terms of return. Prices are not assumed to always go up anymore.","questions":"What combined phenomena contributed to the assumption that prices of everything would always go up and never go down?","answer":"Leverage"}
{"text":["The Rough Riders were a unique volunteer regiment that was formed in the first days of the Spanish-American War. At the time, the U. S.  military was really small, and they needed to bulk up really quickly. So the U. S.  Army went out and recruited cowboys, athletes, people who you could train pretty quickly. And a lot of it was the brainchild of Theodore Roosevelt.","It was his particular idea of who was manly enough to be in a regiment with him. Is that fair to say?","Well, it was - he - yes, he did a lot of the vetting himself. And it certainly was a lot of, yes, his conception of what it meant to be manly. And so you not only had a lot of people from the West but also a lot of Ivy League football players. The No. 1 and the No. 2 tennis player in the country quit tennis to join, and that was the kind of thing that he loved.","Were these celebrities in some cases?","Yeah, they were. They were celebrities in the sense that they were the children of the tycoons and the kind of lords of the Gilded Age, the sort of people who grew up in Newport and Fifth Avenue and had names that resonated for a public that, you know, much like today, they know who has the money, who has the power."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The celebrities who joined the Rough Riders were from wealthy families","questions":"How were the celebrities in the Rough Riders recruited?","answer":"Wealthy"}
{"text":["And so the - now we know as a result, I think, of Mueller's diligence and quiet pursuit of just the facts that there were more than 80 contacts between members of the Trump campaign and Russian agents. There were - there have been - developed more than 20 meetings between people in his orbit and Russian agents. His national security advisers pled guilty. His campaign chairman's on trial. His deputy campaign chairman's on trial. And yet he continues to call this a witch hunt. And, you know, I can't help but thinking that the hunters have caught some witches here.","And for you being a target of this investigation, what else are you waiting to find out from the investigation?","Well, I'd like to see the - you know, obviously, this is going to be a difficult case to bring to trial in the United States. These are 12 foreign agents, military intelligence agents who undertook this operation as laid out in great detail in the indictment. I'd like to see it brought to justice. I can't wait for President Trump to ask President Putin on Monday whether he'd agree to extradite them to face the bar of justice. And I'd like to be in the court if they were here. I'm not holding my breath either for the fact that Trump will do that or that Putin would agree. But, ultimately, you know, I don't think those agents would probably be vacationing in Western Europe, so. . .","John Podesta, thank you very much for joining us. He - John Podesta's the former chairman of Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign. Thanks much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"I can't wait for President Trump to ask President Putin on Monday whether he'd agree to extradite them to face the bar of justice.\" (The phrase \"face the bar of justice\" is being used figuratively to mean face a trial or legal proceedings.)","questions":"Which phrase is being used figuratively to mean face a trial or legal proceedings?","answer":"Barofjustice."}
{"text":["But the increase in numbers, I mean, you're talking about going onto reefs and having hundreds to thousands times as many starfish on a reef as you normally would see, and that's a big difference.","Yeah, and you think of some of the runoff that might be coming onto the reef.","There's a lot of evidence that it is. The smoking gun hasn't been found yet, but there's a lot to think that the runoff may be contributing to this. We're definitely - the Australian data show that they're seeing more frequent outbreaks of these sea stars in recent decades, and they think that especially nutrients but other parts of runoff may be to blame.","If you can get them - get the die-off under control, how much of a recovery could we expect from the reef system?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Runoff may be contributing to the increase in starfish population.","questions":"Which factor might be responsible for more frequent outbreaks of sea stars?","answer":"Nutrients"}
{"text":["\"The Interview,\" a bromance.","Tamara, are these mostly symbolic sanctions?I mean, North Korea's already under significant sanctions.","Significant. There have been four UN Security Council resolutions adopted since 2006, as well as two U. S.  sanctions programs. These are largely targeted at North Korea's weapons development - nuclear weapons development. So you could easily argue that these new sanctions are just piling onto a pretty big pile already.","U. S.  officials insist, though, that these are new and different because they name 10 individuals, most of whom work for the country's main arms dealer. They say that this naming them is going to make it very hard for those people to do business basically anywhere in the world. The White House also says that there are more sanctions yet to come."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implies that the speaker is questioning whether or not the sanctions are just symbolic gestures with no real, tangible impact. ","questions":"What kind of resolutions have been adopted since 2006?","answer":"UN"}
{"text":["They have been evacuated. It tossed these trailer homes like tin cans. And there was one woman that said that she had turned in early and felt her bed bouncing. And she was evacuated and is staying elsewhere now.","The flooding - this is not restricted to just this small part of the state. This is the whole state of Oklahoma that's going through this. Is that right?","Yeah, 25% of the state has had at least 14 inches of water in the last 30 days. And if you look at towns in northeast Oklahoma like Skiatook - they've had 21 1\/2 inches, Nowata 23 inches. It's just crazy. And this is all coming to a head in Tulsa along the Arkansas River.","And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The trailer homes were severely damaged due to the tornado and people were forced to evacuate.","questions":"Which natural disaster caused severe damage to the trailer homes?","answer":"Tornado"}
{"text":["Yeah, we do. That's actually one of the more - you know, as amazing as the landing system was with the Sky Crane and everything, the rover is a great work of engineering itself, and in particular the drill is the first time we've taken a - it's essentially a hammer drill for the home enthusiast there. You know, you can use it to drill into concrete with.","It both rotates, and it vibrates. And you're exactly right. One of the things anybody who has a hammer drill at home notices is that they break bits. And so we actually have carried a set of spare bits, just two that are on the front of the rover, and actually without essentially any - I mean, we have to tell it to do it, but the spacecraft of the rover has the ability on its own to release the bit that's currently on the drill and to put a new one on, all while it's on Mars.","No need to go to Sears on Mars, then.","That's right, that's right."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"No need to go to Sears on Mars, then\" is an idiom that means there is no need to go to a store for tools on Mars because the rover has the ability to replace its drill bits on its own. It is not referring to an actual Sears store on Mars.","questions":"Which idiom is referred to in turn 2?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["A degree, yeah.","Yeah. We're talking Jay Kang about his article that ran in The New York Times magazine this past weekend, \"That Other School Shooting. \"And you're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","I wanted to ask you about another Korean-American you ran into. An Eagle Scout who, in fact, wanted to build a memorial garden.","Yeah, Kinsa Durst. He was - I think he is 19 now. You know, he's the type of the kid that I think every parent wants to, you know, at some way, their kid to grow up to be. He had sort of the same reaction that I had. And it was interesting to me that, you know, somebody so young who's father was not Korean but his father was Caucasian but living in Korea, I think, for a while, would be so honest about this idea that this reflects violent Koreans because Virginia Tech also happened, which I think is a quote he gave me verbatim.","And instead, you know, instead of sort of - I guess, sort of, wallowing in the shame of it or trying to suppress the connection or even sort of bearing it with post-modern, sort of, academic speak about how we, you know, no one person should represent anybody else. And he went on built a peace garden in front of the school with commemorative stones for the dead. And on - during one of the memorial services that I attended, he gave this talk about how he wanted to help Korean and American relations."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"And he went on built a peace garden\" - The literal meaning is that Kinsa Durst constructed a peace garden. The actual meaning is that Kinsa Durst took action to honor the victims of the shooting and to promote peace between Korean and American communities by building a peace garden.","questions":"Which event motivated Kinsa Durst to build a peace garden?","answer":"Shooting"}
{"text":["God, I know, the torment of it. You know, it's weird to be an artist who works really slow. I mean, we have a country that does not like people to take the time. We have a country that even its artists are on the punch-clock. So someone like me really stands out, you know. But you've got to do what you've got to do. And hopefully I can just finish it, forget how long it takes. As long as I can finish the darn thing, I'll be grateful.","Yeah, the last book took - I know it was sort of a painful process for you, wasn't it, this most recent book?","But, you know, that process gets lost. No one remembers it. No one - and that's what's the best part about being artist. There's all the sweat you break, all the dust you raise, all the sort of things, all the internal emotional timbre that goes in the work. No one will remember. That's the best part. All that's left is the actual work.","And, you know, my books, I try to keep the sweat off the books. So people read it, and they're like wow, this feels like this was effortless. That's a great - for me, more than anything, that's the best part of this. My work, that what I put into it doesn't show on the page. That's, like, great."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The hard work and emotions put into creating art are not always acknowledged or remembered.","questions":"What is the best part of being an artist according to A?","answer":"Satisfaction"}
{"text":["We also heard singer-songwriter Ben Harper on that track. He wrote most of the songs on this album. He produced it. How did you two meet?Why do you think you clicked with him?","Well, Ben had written me a song for one of my other albums - \"Livin' On A High Note. \"And that song was \"Love And Trust\"","(Singing) Do what you can. Do what you must. Everybody's trying to find some love and trust. I walk the line. I walk it for us. See me out here trying to find some love and trust.","I fell so in love with that song. And every time we'd sing it, the audience - they would just roar, you know. It turned out so well. So I - we'd been singing it for a couple of years then. I ran into Ben on the road. That's where we would always meet up - somewhere on the road. And I told him. I said, Ben, that song - you have got to write me another song. He said, well, Mavis, why don't I write you 11 songs?I said, why don't you do that?He said, let's make an album. I said, sounds good to me. You know, I said, I don't know if I could handle 11 good songs from Ben Harper. He said, oh, yeah, you can handle it, Mavis."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Ben Harper is capable of writing 11 good songs and Mavis Staples can handle them","questions":"Which musician is capable of writing 11 good songs and who can handle them?","answer":"Ben"}
{"text":["People are still debating 70 years later about whether or not FDR's New Deal actually corrected the Great Depression or whether it was World War II.","Finally, Mara, let's take a look ahead. What is next on the president's agenda?And what else will he be talking about and promoting in the weeks to come?","Well, he has the State of the Union, the big address to Congress next Tuesday. He has what's called a fiscal responsibility summit on Monday, which is kind of an extraordinary thing where he's going to be trying to explain to people how after he's increasing the deficit by trillions of dollars, how at some point in the future he's going to bring it down so that we don't basically become like a Banana Republic and inflate our way out of this mess.","In other words, the solution to the immediate crisis, which is deficit spending, is going to cause another problem that has to be solved down the road. He's also going to be rolling out his budget next week, which will have some parts of his health-care agenda on it. And of course, tomorrow, he will be talking about housing in Phoenix, Arizona."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The effects of FDR's New Deal on the Great Depression are still controversial.","questions":"What topic is discussed in turn 0?","answer":"Effects"}
{"text":["Well, there was a line of thunderstorms that was moving across Oklahoma. And most people were aware of it. But it spun up this brief tornado called a QLCS tornado. These are the specific kinds of tornadoes that happen in these lines of thunderstorms. And they're known for being brief and weak. But they're also known for coming with very little warning.","And this came at night. It only stayed on the ground for just four minutes. It was only 75 yards wide. But it hit right at this point - if you look on either one side or the other side of this 75-yard section, there's a car lot and a boat lot. It hit a motel and a trailer park. So two people died, and it was terrible.","And do you know what the situation is today in El Reno, how they're doing?","Well, they had already activated their severe weather plan. And this town is well-practiced because it was hit just six years ago by the largest tornado on record. They were already dealing with flooding that had happened earlier in the week. The governor of Oklahoma visited today. And President Donald Trump did call Governor Kevin Stitt while he was out and about saying that the nation's prayers were with Oklahoma.","And I imagine everybody who was in this trailer park has had to find somewhere else to stay for the meantime."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : El Reno has experienced severe weather before and is prepared for it","questions":"How was El Reno prepared for the severe weather?","answer":"Wellpracticed"}
{"text":["Given the scale of what's happened in terms of tens of thousands killed, given the escalating partisan-sectarian nature of this conflict, do you hold out much hope that diplomacy can play a constructive role?","Well, diplomacy doesn't always work. And believe me, I could testify to that. I dealt with the North Koreans for four years. And even the Serb\/Kosovo issue didn't actually end with a diplomatic agreement, although we would not have gotten the Europeans on board for NATO action, had we not gone through the diplomatic process. But I would say the hope of getting a diplomatic agreement in Syria is certainly probably greater than getting a military victory of one side or the other.","Plus, even if you get a military victory, you still have the same problems of what this thing is going to look like after someone claims victory. So I think we do need to give this our best shot, get everyone who wants to see a solution in Syria together. And if the net result of this has been to somehow improve U. S. -Russian ties, which could use a couple of upticks, so be it.","I mean, that was certainly the upshot of the - of our North Korean negotiations. We didn't dissuade them from nuclear programs. But we sure as heck got the U. S.  and China on the same page. And, you know, sometimes things take a lot time in diplomacy. But I think we're seeing some of the benefits of that now several years later.","Ambassador Hill, thanks very much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : We need to give it our best attempt and relations with Russia could use some help to get better.","questions":"What could be a potential benefit of attempting diplomatic negotiations in Syria?","answer":"Improvement"}
{"text":["Hurricane Dorian is pounding the Carolinas. Parts of downtown Charleston are already flooded. It has weakened since it hit the Bahamas as a Category 5 storm. At least 20 people are confirmed dead there, and that number is expected to rise as recovery efforts are just beginning. Parts of the Abaco Islands in the Bahamas are destroyed.","Alex Cepero stayed in the Abacos town of Marsh Harbour, thinking he could ride out the storm with his two dogs, but Hurricane Dorian destroyed his home while he was still inside of it. And I want to warn listeners that this is a wrenching story. Alex, thank you for talking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","You're welcome.","First of all, are you OK?Were you injured or hurt during the storm?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Alex Cepero faced a devastating experience during Hurricane Dorian","questions":"How did Alex Cepero's home fare during Hurricane Dorian?","answer":"Destroyed"}
{"text":["They have been evacuated. It tossed these trailer homes like tin cans. And there was one woman that said that she had turned in early and felt her bed bouncing. And she was evacuated and is staying elsewhere now.","The flooding - this is not restricted to just this small part of the state. This is the whole state of Oklahoma that's going through this. Is that right?","Yeah, 25% of the state has had at least 14 inches of water in the last 30 days. And if you look at towns in northeast Oklahoma like Skiatook - they've had 21 1\/2 inches, Nowata 23 inches. It's just crazy. And this is all coming to a head in Tulsa along the Arkansas River.","And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The flooding has affected the whole state of Oklahoma, not just a small part.","questions":"What state has been affected by flooding?","answer":"Oklahoma"}
{"text":["Your narrator and her husband are audio journalists and archivists. The husband declares they have to relocate to fulfill his project to tell the story of the Apache nation. But she finds a story, too, doesn't she, in a woman named Manuela who has two daughters.","That's right. The narrator and mother of the kids who are travelling in this car from New York towards Arizona towards the old Apacheria has met - in her daughter's school had met a woman called Manuela. And she's been working with her husband on a big sound project recording all the languages spoken in New York. And she asks this woman, Manuela, if she can record her. This woman speaks (unintelligible) which is a very rare Mayan language. And the woman says fine, but in exchange, she asks her to translate some documents, legal documents, of her daughters who are on their way from Mexico to the U. S.  border.","And these two girls, when they arrive in the U. S.  border as happens with all the kids that arrive here seeking asylum, are first placed in an ICE detention space - an icebox they call them colloquially. And then these girls are transferred to a shelter. And at some point, they go missing. So the narrator of the novel becomes deeply involved with looking for these two girls, helping Manuela look for her daughters.","I made a note of your line. The son says that if they ran off, he said ma would start thinking of us the way she thought of them, the lost children, all the time and with all her heart."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The husband's project is more important than the narrator's project.","questions":"What does the husband want to do?","answer":"Relocate"}
{"text":["Antivirus experts are calling Flame one of the most complex threats ever discovered. Once a machine is infected, the operator of the malware can expand its functionality almost like adding apps to a smartphone. Its operators sent out another app with orders to erase it this week, leaving no tracks behind.","Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?","Well, different from the average run-of-the-mill malware that criminals use?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"What makes Flame different?\" - The literal meaning is a straightforward question about the characteristics of the Flame malware. The implied meaning is that the experts have identified Flame as a unique and potentially dangerous threat, and they want to know more about it.","questions":"What is the implied concern about Flame?","answer":"experts"}
{"text":["Absolutely. That is something that needs to be considered carefully for Senator Coleman. He's a relatively young man, very successful politician from his time as a mayor of St.  Paul to his time in the Senate, and there's a lot of rhetoric from his legal team right now. But who knows?Once this looks like it starts to get being wrapped up, the senator himself may decide that it's not politically advantageous for him to drag this into a courtroom.","If Norm Coleman were to do that, to say, well, I won't fight it any farther, isn't he in a way disenfranchising and disappointing, to say the least, the people who voted for him?","Well, I suppose that's a risk he would have to take. I think, though, that you look at this numbers, this is so close right now, and that, at some point, somebody's going to have to take that Senate seat. And if Senator Coleman looks at it and decides that this is not going to behoove him, it's not going to further his political career to fight this in court, he might make that decision. And his supporters might be happy that he leaves himself potentially better positioned for another job down the road, maybe the governor of Minnesota or something.","New York Senator Charles Schumer said yesterday that Franken had already won the election. Until recently, Schumer was the head of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee. Does that sort of open declaration carry weight there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is being implied that it will be difficult to proceed to court.","questions":"How would you describe the possible outcome of the court case?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["My pleasure, Scott.","And what seems to be the latest there?","Well, we had a night of very heavy air raids last night and it pushed the death toll from the low 20s up to around 40 - essentially doubling it in one night. We're now in the fourth day of what the Israelis have dubbed Operation Cloud Pillar. Last night, the air raids hit the headquarters of Hamas Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh. Some other official houses were targeted. They also hit tunnels running under the border with Egypt, which are used to smuggle in weapons and fuel. Also, some electric power plants were hit, plunging some of southern Gaza into darkness.","And how are Hamas leaders responding?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) implies that B is wondering what the latest news or developments are in the situation,","questions":"Which event caused the death toll to double in one night?","answer":"air-raids"}
{"text":["How are you with intimacy these days?Where do you seek it?Where do you get it?Is it still in making eye contact with strangers?Is it when you get on a stage?","I don't know. I am more ambivalent. I am - when I'm on stage now, I don't laser beam my eyeballs into other people's eyeballs. . .","(Laughter).",". . . like I used to. I mean, I used to victimize people with my eyeballs one by one."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A used to make intense eye contact with strangers but now avoids it.","questions":"How did PersonA used to interact with strangers?","answer":"Eye-contact"}
{"text":["So I guess you could be arguing that they're just coming down to realistic levels.","Yeah, I could be arguing that.","All right. Well, let's talk about what this means in relation to the president's recently announced housing rescue package. Now, I understand that it's only applicable if you have a loan of less than $417,000. In other words, not a jumbo loan, and if you're only five percent underwater.","That's right. It does include people who have not defaulted yet, which is a good thing, and it's focused on the right target. The right target is this auctions market, which has gotten clogged. That's really by and large - it's all over the country, but it's particularly in low states, in these four states, and it's at the low end of the market. So most of the properties that are in foreclosure or a lot of the properties in foreclosure are actually within that conforming limit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The auction market has too many houses up for auction and not enough being bought.","questions":"What is the focus of the president's recently announced housing rescue package?","answer":"Auctions"}
{"text":["You know, it's funny because I think the story is very recognizable because - yeah. Because the premise of the story is a similar kind of thing, but all of these Jewish traditions are subbed out for made up traditions. But I think all the arguments - all the conversations about it are just as ludicrous in the real world. And so this story, which, you know, involves, yeah, goat sacrifice and marriage cloaks and promise eggs, to me is one of the more grounded, realistic stories in the collection.","One of the stories in the collection is called \"Missed Connection-m4w\" - men for women - and it begins sort of like a Craigslist post in missed connections and then evolves from there. And you actually first published this on Craigslist. Is that right?","Yeah. What the story is about is about this guy who can't work up the nerve to talk to this woman sitting on the same train car as him. And in fact, 60 years pass where they. . .","He also can't get up and leave."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when something is grounded in this context it means something is more realistic","questions":"How does the speaker describe the conversations about the story?","answer":"Ludicrous."}
{"text":["I guess they don't have to take it now - do they?- come to think of it.","No. No.","Archibald Cox, for whom you work, made a decision to speak directly to the American people back in 1973 before, you know, he was shown the door. Do you hope special counsel Mueller who has been, I think, famously reluctant to reveal anything about his investigation shows his face and makes a statement now?","No, I don't because the thing about Archie Cox is that he had a very clear mandate from the Senate to take the investigation all the way wherever it led and to report the results to the public. And Bob Mueller has the character and the courage and the skill. But he doesn't have that mandate. So he has to do what he likes to do, which is be quiet and bring in a heavy mallet with all the facts."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"shown the door\" is an idiom that means \"to be fired\" or \"to be dismissed.\" It does not have a literal meaning.","questions":"How was Archibald Cox forced to leave his position?","answer":"Mandate."}
{"text":["So Robert Mueller testified. The House adjourned. And yet, the idea of impeaching Donald Trump lives on.","It lives on. And as you said, it is inching forward. I was checking this morning - NPR has an impeachment tracker where we've been tracking every member that comes forward for impeachment - and it's now at an even 100. Although, I should say that before Robert Mueller testified, it was at about 95. So we haven't exactly seen a big groundswell of impeachment following his testimony. I think the Congress reflects, right now, where the country is - there's a bunch of people really for it, a bunch of people really against it and not much moving in one direction or the other. The Congress is largely stuck on the question of impeachment.","How do you think this six-week break will change the dynamics of the situation?What do you think Democrats and Republicans are going to hear from their constituents?And is that going to change how they act when they get back here?","It's really interesting because August recess can be funny things. You know, we do sort of see groundswells sometimes that happen when members are home. Remember; the Tea Party movement in 2010 really started to rise up during the August recess when members were home. I don't think we're going to see something like that along the lines of impeachment, but I do think you would have to see a groundswell of a public opinion change or Democrats going home and realizing that this is not what their constituents want. We don't know the answer to that question yet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The ground does not swell but a great many people join together for promoting a cause.","questions":"How does the statement describe the potential for public opinion change towards impeachment during August recess?","answer":"Funny"}
{"text":["How do you bring to life the world three centuries ago?","I did a lot of research for this novel. I like to say that my research was wide, but shallow. I read a little bit of a lot of books, and a book that really helped me was \"The Door Of No Return\" by William St.  Clair. He took a bunch of archival research about the Cape Coast Castle, so it's a book that really just talks about what life might have been like in the castle in and around the 18th century. And it really helped me wrap my head around what it might have been like for my characters. And then the rest, I think, is just a wild and vivid imagination.","Yeah. And it must be said you don't - you don't spare African slave traders from villany, do you?","I don't. I think, you know, I grew up here in Alabama. And the conversation around slavery is much different here than it is in Ghana. So I think I was a little bit more aware of it or aware, I suppose, of the result of it than the people living on the coast of West Africa who didn't get to see, you know, what the results of the slave trade was. And yet they have this huge monument in Ghana to slavery - this Cape Coast Castle that still stands, that you can still take tours in. I wanted to talk about the Ghanaen role in it - the complicity on our side of things."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"Do you don't - you don't spare African slave traders from villany, do you?\" - This turn means: Do you not show mercy or kindness to African slave traders in your novel?","questions":"Which character's role in the slave trade does the author want to discuss in the novel? (Answer: Ghanaen)","answer":"Ghanaen"}
{"text":["Now, for a general, basic financial book, get \"Smart and Simple Financial Strategies for Busy People\" by Jane Bryant Quinn. I love Jane's work. It's a really easy book to read. You don't even have to read it from beginning to end. You can skip chapters as it applies to you.","OK.  Last question, Michelle. This comes from Jennifer Melsaff(ph) from Mulino, Oregon. She's married to a construction superintendent who recently was laid off. They're worried about their mortgage. The payments are about $650 a month. Jennifer has already turned a 30-year mortgage into a 12-year mortgage, which means she doubled each of her monthly payments. She asked if she should pay off the mortgage quickly, making higher payments now, or should she put the put the money into savings and stick to the low $650 payment.","Because her husband has lost a job, I would stop making the extra mortgage payments. They need to preserve cash until he gets another job. So if it takes longer for her husband to get a job, they have the money to pay for the everyday expenses like food and utilities and such.","Michelle Singletary answering your questions. Thank you so much, Michelle."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The book by Jane Bryant Quinn is a basic and easy-to-understand guide to personal finance","questions":"How would you describe the financial book recommended by A?","answer":"Basic"}
{"text":["I mean, people are saying this car company doesn't get it. It's sort of, you know, dead in the water. It hasn't been forward looking. It hasn't developed the kinds of cars that people want now.","Look, they have made so many management mistakes, but along with that, they've made some very, very smart moves. And this is a company that's very strong and robust around the world. It's the North American market that's killing them.","And there are long - there's a long thread of historical reasons why General Motors has been at such a disadvantage in North America since the '70s. But the net of it is that this company has a lot of potential, but it also has potential to sink right out from under us.","So, aside from it being potentially a good deal for the government to own GM, what are the other benefits or possible benefits?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This just means that the company is not progressing at all - it does not mean that it is actually 'dead in the water' ","questions":"Which word describes how people perceive the car company mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Weak"}
{"text":["The banks can bring in their junky securities and swap them for cash or treasury bills. And that, on top of interest rate cuts, Bernanke thought would be enough to keep the financial system working until it healed itself. The strategy at the Fed was known as the finger in the dike strategy, keep the water out and eventually things will recover.","But obviously, you know things didn't work out like that. And in the spring, we had the great Bear Stearns crisis, and the Fed was forced to intervene to prevent them going bankrupt. Then, we had another few months where it seemed like things had stabilized, but this thing's like a disease. It goes away for a while, and then, you know, it comes back in a more virulent form.","In September, after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, you know, all hell broke out, basically. And since then, we've had a sort of slow motion collapse of the financial system.","Now, this entire crisis has really tarnished Alan Greenspan's legacy, and he even admitted that his basic economic philosophy is now changed. What about Ben Bernanke?Does he deserve the same criticism?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The collapse of Lehman Brothers caused chaos and accelerated the failure of the financial system.","questions":"How did the collapse of Lehman Brothers impact the financial system?","answer":"Lehman"}
{"text":["(Reading) Dad, a devout fan of television shows like \"Gunsmoke\" and \"Bonanza,\" was disappointed when he discovered that cowboy hats were no longer in style. And he sadly stowed his first American purchase, a brown 10-gallon hat that he bought during a layover in Houston, in a suitcase and under his bed. Mom arrived in America expecting peace and love. She had fallen for the music of the Beatles and The Beach Boys as a high school student in Lagos while listening to the records that her businessman father brought back from his trips abroad. Though she had imagined a country where love conquered all, where black people and white people live together in peace and harmony, mom and dad arrived instead in a place where there were no other black people for miles around, a place dominated by a religion they never heard of before. But this was America, and they were in love.","(Reading) They moved into a small apartment in Ogden, Utah and started a family. I came first in 1981, and my brother followed in 1983. Dad attended his classes during the day while mom took care of us at home. Occasionally, she explored the city while pushing my brother and me along in a double stroller. Soon enough, we were all walking hand in hand.","The book is in many ways, though - I mean, it's set against this backdrop of this larger place where they're there, they fit in in some ways. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Mom and Dad's expectations for America were not met","questions":"What did Mom and Dad not find in America?","answer":"Harmony"}
{"text":["You know, I think really when it comes to animal agriculture and pork production specifically, we've always been about open and fair markets and open trade. We know that when there's a level playing field and we have an opportunity to be able to compete with other pork producers worldwide, we continue to gain market share because we are good.","When we have tariffs, these retaliatory tariffs, obviously somebody else has an advantage over us. And especially in China here right now, obviously we've got two 25% tariffs that add up to a 50%, along with the 12% that they charge everybody. That's a 62% tariff. Well, that puts us out of the market, makes us uncompetitive.","Well, with this announcement out of the White House, kind of unexpectedly just in the past week, I mean, do you kind of feel like there's a game of chicken going on, and you're caught in the middle?","Well, let's be very realistic. The real issue at first was steel and aluminum tariffs, which the tariffs were put on Mexico. They retaliated against the United States, and our product was at a 20% tariff rate. And really that was worth about $12 per head. And that $12 came out of my and other pork producers' pocket. So that was the first one."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Tariffs put us out of the market and make us uncompetitive","questions":"How much does the 62% tariff put us out of the market?","answer":"Out"}
{"text":["No, not at all. And I've been pretty much apolitical my entire adult life. But this election is obviously quite different than previous presidential elections. So I just thought - I thought it was necessary to jump in and use my voice.","Why?","The prospects of Donald Trump being president just scare the hell out of me. And that's coming after having initially, you know, supported him and hoped that he would be 180 degrees different from what he turned out to be.","I mean, am I wrong?I seem to remember there was a time when you offered to be the running mate for either of them.","Oh, sure. Yeah, a lot of that was a little bit tongue-in-cheek. I didn't really expect that to happen. But, you know, there was a time when Donald first got into the race where I would talk to him on the phone."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"use my voice\" - This is a metaphorical expression that means to speak out and express one's opinions.","questions":"What did the speaker say they wanted to do with their voice?","answer":"Voice"}
{"text":["This story starts in 2005. That October, 21-year-old Army Sgt. Erik Schei was shot in the head during his second tour in Iraq. The bullet shattered the top half of his skull; and his parents, Christine and Gordon, have been his primary caregivers for the past eight years. At StoryCorps, they remembered finding out about their son's injury.","I remember hearing the phone ring really, really early in the morning. It must have been 4, 4:30. And I saw you white as a sheet, shaking - all over your body - and I just said, is it about Erik?And you said, yes. And I said, is he dead?And you said, no. And I said, is he OK?And you shook your head.","It was a sniper that hit him. And it entered above his right ear and exited above his left.","Do you remember seeing him for the first time in the hospital?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3): \"It was a sniper that hit him. And it entered above his right ear and exited above his left.\" The literal meaning of this turn is that Sgt. Erik Schei was shot by a sniper, and the bullet entered and exited his head from above his right ear and left side of his head, respectively. However, the implied meaning is that the injury sustained by Sgt. Erik Schei was severe, life-threatening, and life-altering for him and his family.","questions":"What was the direction of the bullet that hit Sgt. Erik Schei's head?","answer":"Above"}
{"text":["Even 43 years ago, the - climate change was an issue. We just didn't know it yet. Among the things that was occurring that has occurred since then has been an amazing improvement in climate science.","There has been - there were very few meteorologists beyond those doing the, you know, the daily weather reports. Climate science was not a big thing because climate had not been changing. I mean, the period since the beginning of agriculture, 11,000 years ago, has been one of rather remarkable climate stability. So the idea of climate change is a relatively recent concept. And then - and the process of human-driven climate change is quite recent historically.","And we look at, oh, I guess, probably the biggest example is looking at the past through either tree rings or ice cores to get an idea of what has happened in previous periods of climactic change.","Yeah. It's - I mean, we look at these indirect indicators to sort of reconstruct earlier periods in the earth's history or in human history. And what we do know is that for the 11,000 years since agriculture began, things have been sort of stable. But now, suddenly, the farmers now on the land are the first generation of farmers to have to cope with climate change. I mean, we've always had to. When I was farming back in the '50s, we had to worry about weather, you know, and how the weather would affect that particular year's crop. If climate change was not on the - on our minds then, we didn't even know that we were we were going to be changing climate as we now are."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The idea of climate change is not new but our understanding of it has improved.","questions":"How has our understanding of climate change improved?","answer":"Remarkably"}
{"text":["So along the way, you met a lot of interesting characters. And I want to particularly talk about a sommelier named Morgan Harris. He plays a big role. He's kind of like your wine shepherd. Tell us a little bit about him.","Ah, my wine fairy godmother. I mean, he's just amazing. He was my - he was really my mentor. He had this magnetic passion for wine. I mean, the first time I met him, I basically sat through a 2. 5-hour monologue that was an ode to everything from the great Rieslings of the early 20th century to the $1,200 bottle of champagne he thought would be a religious experience.","So this is a question - because he is this sort of wine evangelist if you will, he believes wines can recontextualize people's places in the universe. First of all, what does that mean?","And second of all - I mean, do you think that wine really has the power that he says it does?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"he believes wines can recontextualize people's places in the universe.\" Here, the speaker is using the metaphorical phrase \"recontextualize people's places in the universe\" to describe the transformative power of wine to change people's perceptions, experiences, and understanding of the world. The literal meaning of \"recontextualize people's places in the universe\" would be related to astronomy or physics, and not to the sensory experience of wine.","questions":"What is the metaphorical phrase used by the speaker to describe the transformative power of wine?","answer":"Recontextualize"}
{"text":["This is News & Notes. I'm Farai Chideya. In 1944, an Italian prisoner of war was lynched in a riot. It took place at Fort Lawton in Seattle, Washington. Forty-three black soldiers were charged in the incident; 28 of them were convicted. More than 60 years later, the Army Board of Correction overturned the convictions. The military found major issues with the soldiers' court martial. Joining us today is Howard Cooley. He's an attorney with the law firm Patrick Henry. The firm represented the family of Booker Townsell, one of the soldiers charged in the case. Thank you for joining me.","Thank you, and thank you for having me.","So tell us about Booker Townsell. Who was he, and what had he been through before and after the court martial?","He was a young man who was drafted in World War II, like so many other people. Seems to have had a - not a - nothing remarkable about his background, from what I'm able to understand. And - but he did become quite remarkable during World War II because he became a prisoner - he had to guard some prisoners of war, some Italian prisoners of war. And the riot broke out and then he, as a result of that, he was convicted, he was dismissed from the service with adverse honors."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"lynched in a riot\" - the word \"lynched\" typically means an extrajudicial killing, but in this case, it refers to the death of an Italian prisoner of war during a riot.","questions":"How did the Italian prisoner of war die at Fort Lawton?","answer":"Riot"}
{"text":["If Ms.  Sadler did - and that's something that the McCain family or Ms.  Sadler can comment on - those are private conversations, if, in fact, they happened. What I can tell you is that from the White House's standpoint, the alleged comments came in an internal meeting, and I can't comment any further.","In an interview with NPR on Friday, chief of staff Kelly said of undocumented immigrants, they're not criminals but not people who would easily assimilate into the United States into our modern society. They're overwhelmingly rural people. In the counties they come from, fourth-, fifth-, sixth-grade educations are kind of the norm. They don't speak English. They don't have skills. But as a number of experts have pointed out, that statement John Kelly made is just not true.","Look. We - no - we have low-skilled workers who come to this country all the time. . .","Low skills is different than no skills.",". . . Well, low skill - that's what the chief was talking about. We're talking about bringing in the best and brightest from around the world. That's not what is occurring now. But let's not pretend for a second we have a mean, heartless immigration policy. We have the most generous immigration policy in the world. So to pretend as though, somehow, we're closing off to the world is just ridiculous. What this president and what the chief of staff was talking about is we want people in this country who have a lot to offer the United States, who are the best and the brightest. And right now our immigration system as such - we don't get that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This statement implies that that undocumented immigrants are uneducated, rural, and lack English proficiency, and therefore, cannot assimilate into modern society, is a biased and stereotypical view.","questions":"What view does the statement imply about undocumented immigrants?","answer":"Biased"}
{"text":["So I think that the Barack Obama, of course, then has a political legitimacy that neither of those gentlemen had because he's a United States senator elected to represent a district and serve a quarter of people. And yet, he's a charismatic figure as well, creating a sense of movement among the millions who now acclaim him as the best thing that happened to American politics since Jack Kennedy.","So Barack Obama has claimed the unique space within the context of American political destiny and has joined the charismatic authority that attends black messianic figures who become leaders in black America, as well as the quest for political legitimacy that transcends black communities. Because he's not just representing black people; he's representing white people and Latino people, and Asian people. He's representing Americans. And so he's taking it to yet another level in pioneering an even different path than the one blazed by Martin Luther King Jr.  or Jessie Jackson and, to a certain degree, Al Sharpton.","Well, Michael Eric Dyson, thank you.","Thank you very kindly, Farai."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Well, Michael Eric Dyson, thank you.\" - This turn has no implied meaning beyond its literal meaning of thanking Michael Eric Dyson.","questions":"How does PersonB address Michael Eric Dyson?","answer":"Michael"}
{"text":["Unfortunately, under the rule, no.","Robert Strassburger, vice president for vehicle safety at the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers.","The sound to be emitted really has to be instantly recognizable as a motor vehicle in operation.","Mr.  Strassburger worked with the National Federation of the Blind to develop the rules. At first, he says, he told them, but we've worked for 30 years to make cars quiet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A's statement suggests that the sound must be recognizable as a motor vehicle in operation, not just any sound.","questions":"How does PersonA suggest the sound must be recognizable?","answer":"Motor"}
{"text":["I think it's also worth noting that the money here is astronomically higher than what an insurance commissioner normally raises. It was donated three years in advance to when Causey would have been running for re-election. He hadn't even announced his re-election bid here. And the maximum that donors can give in this state is $5,400 per person.","Any response from Hayes or the other defendants?","I've left Chairman Hayes a voicemail. I have not heard from him. He has not said anything publicly. We have not heard from any of the other ones, any other folks who have been indicted at this time.","And to pull back for a moment, what about the state Republican Party?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : To pull back for a moment means to take a step back and consider the bigger picture.","questions":"How did PersonB want to shift the focus of the conversation in turn 3?","answer":"State"}
{"text":["I know I'm going to get emails, perhaps you too, from people who say, look, I am an agnostic or an atheist really specifically because I thought organized religion had a hand in racializing in our society and a history with slavery and has not had a good effect on U. S.  history.","Sure. I'm not in any way suggesting in this article that I'm telling people that they need to go to religious services. I do think we know that civic connection more broadly tends to help people weather difficulties in their lives. There are many other ways other than doing it through religious institutions.","It just happens that the church has been probably the most central form of civic engagement that Americans have had. And so when Americans disengage from church, for many of them that essentially becomes de facto disengaging from any civic institution. It's not like they're replacing church with some other form of civic institution that might fill some of that same function.","Peter Beinart of The Atlantic. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) Suggesting that people don't need to go to religious services implies that they don't need to be part of an organized religion in order to engage in civic activities. ","questions":"How does disengaging from church affect Americans' engagement with civic institutions?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["Colin Powell - not one black candidate on the ticket, but two. That would be remarkable.","Well, let's also remember Colin Powell is a Republican. He would establish a kind of bipartisan bridge. And if you want to say, yes, it's a ticket of two African-Americans, which it would be, it is already a ticket of one African-American. So people who have perhaps a problem with that might not necessarily have that much more of a problem with two.","And I think that the advantage that it would have would be to say, we're kind of, in a sense, taking race off the table here. We're not talking about electing the first black president. We're asking you to vote for Barack Obama and Colin Powell and look at those two individuals.","It's a really interesting suggestion, I would imagine that a number of Democrats would say, wait a minute, he was on the wrong side on Iraq. Plus, we've got our own guys. We want a Democrat, a real Democrat. Who's out there?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : bipartisan bridge implies that Colin Powell would appeal to Republicans and Democrats.","questions":"Which term describes the type of appeal Colin Powell would have if he were on the ticket?","answer":"Bipartisan"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah.","It's wonderful, first of all.","Thank you.","I've enjoyed it. The very first cut on here is a very intriguing track. It's called \"Jailer,\" and some of the lyrics say, Jailer, I am in chains. You're in chains too. I wear uniforms. You wear uniforms, too. I'm a prisoner. You're a prisoner, too, Mister Jailer. Where did that come from?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The lyrics to the song imply the person working as a guard is in a very similar position to the person who is incarcerated","questions":"Which song?","answer":"Jailer"}
{"text":["The problem is 90 percent of space in our military is in the Air Force. So what we're basically going to be doing is taking the current infrastructure - for example, Space Command in Colorado Springs will become the headquarters for the Space Corps. We're talking about taking the people that we need to take that deal with space and segregating them into a culture that appreciates them.","The Air Force has pushed back on this. The Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson said, quote, \"the Pentagon is complicated enough. This will make it more complex, add more boxes to the organization chart and cost more money. \"Is she wrong?","She's absolutely wrong. The bureaucracy is always going to fight reform - always, especially the Pentagon. They're fighting this because they don't want Congress meddling. You know, what I've told her is, in 16 years, the Air Force has not changed a thing. And they've got us in this situation now where Russia and China have become near peers. They're close to surpassing us. What we're proposing would change that.","I think what some people would say is that we are cooperating with the Russians on the International Space Station. Should space be the new frontier of warfare, or should it actually be a place where, indeed, these cooperations flourish?After all, we are all on one planet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"add more boxes to the organization chart\" - This phrase implies that creating a new branch of the military focused on space would not only make the military more complex, but also increase its bureaucracy by adding more layers of hierarchy and management.","questions":"How would the proposed creation of a Space Corps affect the military's bureaucracy?","answer":"Complex"}
{"text":["We were with addicts on the street as they were having encounters with law enforcement. We were in treatment centers with people trying to kick the addiction. There's this one phenomenal picture of five inmates. They're all pregnant and being let in to get their methadone and things like that. We were in in drug courts, where people were being dealt with by the criminal justice system.","I think one of the reasons that it's gotten so much attention is because of the spareness with which we report it. We just report anecdote after anecdote after anecdote after anecdote over seven days. And anybody who reads it cannot come away without understanding how deep and how pernicious and how totally involving of our society this epidemic is.","Are there things that happen in Cincinnati every day that people walk past that you wanted to use this opportunity to share with?","Well, yes, I mean, in the sense that we wanted people to understand that this is going on all around them. Heroin is not a demographic or racial or any socioeconomic status - however you want to put it - drug. Its terrible reach is universal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The drug epidemic is pervasive and affects everyone regardless of background or social status.","questions":"How would you describe the reach of the drug epidemic? (Answer: Universal)","answer":"Universal"}
{"text":["And so the last of this accretion events formed the moon, because accretion, when you have giant planets the size of Mars and Earth hitting each other, it's a pretty messy phenomenon.","But based on news this week, it sounds like that may not be the best theory.","Well, you know, the devil gets down to the details, and when you push these models forward, they start to come apart, and that's kind of the fun thing about science is you're sort of grasping at things, and they - sometimes you get them and hold them in your hand for a while, and they slip away like a fish.","Here we had this notion - and the reason this is so exciting right now is that starting in, you know, the mid-1970s, these sort of back-of-the-envelope calculations said hey, you know, we think planets formed this way, by collisions. We think we can explain the spin of the Earth, which is actually pretty fast if you add in the spin of the moon to the spin of the Earth, you know, that moon's orbiting the Earth, and if you think of it as one single planet, and if you brought all that mass together into one place, it would be equivalent to the Earth spinning with a period of only five hours, so much faster than it is today."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The accretion theory is interesting and exciting but may not be entirely accurate.","questions":"What theory is being questioned based on the news this week?","answer":"moon"}
{"text":["No costume changes, no props.","Did you go into being someone who could be so mutable in part because you had to kind of - you had to have a place to escape, I'm assuming?","You know, I think that's exactly what it was. I remember as a teenager that - you know, I was born in Germany. I lived in Japan 'til I was 10 and then, you know, moved to Iowa, which is where I graduated high school. But you know, just being surrounded by so many different cultures, I just found myself kind of being a sponge. And so, as an extracurricular activity, I ended up, you know, doing standup comedy, you know, telling jokes to my friends. And I think you're right. I think it ended up being an escape into these different characters to be able to make people laugh. And it kind of made, you know, kind of made me laugh on the inside as well, because everything on the outside was really, really hurting.","Can you either give us a snippet of a character, to be in character or show how you transition between characters?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A's ability to adapt to different cultures may have influenced their comedic talent","questions":"What extracurricular activity did PersonA participate in as a teenager?","answer":"Standup"}
{"text":["But I think that the common thread in a lot of these cities is just that these systems are old. The systems are old and maintenance has been deferred on them. And, you know, in different ways and at different times, that's starting to catch up.","So it's part of the crumbling infrastructure problem in America?","(Laughter) Yeah, you could say that. I mean, I think that, you know - and certainly, when you think about it, these are some of the oldest pieces of infrastructure we have. Often when we talk about the crumbling infrastructure, folks are worried about our highway system or our bridges and so forth. But as you said, New York subway system is 112 years old. Boston's is even older. The rail system in San Francisco is also quite old. So this is some of the oldest infrastructure we have. And so it's not that surprising that it's starting to give out.","It's a special kind of horror to be delayed for, let's say, even half an hour or even five minutes, for that matter, in a subway car that's stalled that has no electricity that's well underneath the ground and the air is stifling. And that - just the fear of that happening is enough to drive people away, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : And that - just the fear of that happening is enough to drive people away, isn't it?\" Implicated meaning: B is suggesting that the fear of experiencing the unpleasant situation described earlier (being delayed in a stalled subway car with no electricity and stifling air) is enough to make people avoid or choose alternatives to using the subway system altogether. The phrase \"drive people away\" implies a strong deterrent effect on potential users of the subway.","questions":"How does PersonB suggest the fear of the unpleasant situation can affect people's behavior towards the subway system?","answer":"Avoid"}
{"text":["You know, we talk a lot about the germs in our bodies and how many there are spread all over the place. But usually they're in our guts that we're talking about it. We haven't talked much about what's going on in our noses. What is happening up there?","That's true, and I think the field of human microbiome research has really, in the last four, five years, really exploded upon the scene and shown us that many niches in the human body are colonized by bacteria, be it our skin, our mucosal surfaces. These are the softer linings that line the nares, the sinuses, the gastrointestinal, the airways and the urogenital tract. And what we're beginning to see is that these linings of the human body are actually home to a diversity of microbes.","And from much of the studies that have come from the gastrointestinal tract, which has been going on a little longer, we've seen certain hallmarks that are associated with health and disease. We know, for example, that when patients have chronic inflammatory disease, one of the characteristics is this loss of diversity. And sinusitis is quite a significant health care issue. And really, to date, much of the microbial studies that have been performed have largely been based on culturing and bacteria, so trying to grow them on agar plates.","Mm-hmm."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Many parts of the human body are colonized by bacteria.","questions":"What has been associated with chronic inflammatory disease?","answer":"Chronic"}
{"text":["More than two million homes were in foreclosure by the end of last year and that has left entire neighborhoods practically abandoned. Some homes have been vandalized, used as drug dens, swimming pools become fetid, and lawns choked with weeds. Cathy Cardenas has a solution to that. She wants to make some money too. She's the owner of a new company called Designer Home Tending and she joins us now from Salt Lake City. What is Designer Home Tending?","Well, Designer Home Tending is a completely no-cost service that we offer to real estate agents and their sellers. We put qualified home tenders in a home to clean it up, bring life back into the property, and this most of time helps the house sell a lot faster than it would just sitting vacant.","What's a home tender?","A home tender is a person who moves into a house, they manage the property, they move into it, they have to have beautiful furniture, they decorate it like a model home, they take care of all the lawn maintenance, getting to weeds down. They care for the outside of the house for - they pay the utilities, cooperate for real estate showing. So it's nice because it gives them instant relief to the sellers who were already circling hard enough just to make their mortgage payment. And then to have all these other - to be relieved of these other expenses is a great service, and by having a home tender there's definitely been proven that the house would sell 40 to 60 percent faster most\u2026"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Lawns were not choked but had a vast amount of weeds in them that was killing the grass.","questions":"Which element of the house requires the home tender's care according to turn 3?","answer":"Outside"}
{"text":["So the sport itself has given me countless opportunities. And for me, the reason why I'm so interested in doing this, it's sort of like my way of giving back, in a sense. You know, I'm going places with the javelin and it's helping me out and probably going to get me into a nice school. So why not give back?And I feel like if I have to do this research project at my school, why not do it on something that I like?","Yeah. I'm just going to guess you've heard from some people that know somebody who was injured by a javelin who've said there's no need for this sport?","Honestly, I haven't. I mean, I know there are some people that have gotten injured and there are people that are against the implementation of the event. But personally, I do not know anybody that has been injured.","You know, Mr.  Christensen, there are people listening around the country I'm sure might point out that it seems easier to buy a gun in South Carolina than to throw a javelin in high school."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"it seems easier to buy a gun in South Carolina than to throw a javelin in high school\" - The literal meaning is that it is easier to purchase a gun than to participate in a high school javelin competition in South Carolina. The actual meaning is that the regulations and restrictions for sports activities in high schools are more rigorous than those for purchasing firearms in the state.","questions":"What is the comparison being made between purchasing a gun and participating in a high school javelin competition in South Carolina?","answer":"Sports"}
{"text":["All right.","OK, but anyway, we're all working at the same - working so hard and so long on trying to get something done because we're - people like me are doing this because they love the country, and they're worried about it. We've got a lot of us around, and we're trying to find our place in this thing, and it looks like the White House and the Republicans do have a way to get information in.","It's very hard for changes to be made and agreements. I don't know how they're doing that. It's a very strange kind of organization. But. . .","Well, let me ask you, how much did the election change things?There's the same cast of characters, pretty much.","Well, I - people that aren't there negotiating, and I'm not there, but people that aren't are speculating on all kinds of things, in terms of the president is playing with more power, he acts like a tyrant because he won the election. I don't really see that at this point, that there is any big change because of the election.","Well, the president, if he campaigned on one thing, it was raise taxes on the wealthy."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : when someone acts like a tyrant it means they are very demanding","questions":"How does PersonA describe the president's behavior after winning the election?","answer":"Tyrant"}
{"text":["What a coincidence. Serendipity.","Absolutely. So this is a very festive lab and we asked if they would look into this and they did, several times over, for us. And so we have the results on Video Pick of the Week is originals of our sample size of one - we should be clear - experiment into this.","Right. And you found that if you out enough - spike your eggnog enough, should we. . .","Well, yes. So you can go to our website for the recipe. But after - the key to this, and actually, we'll have - let's have Vince Fischetti, sort of, give us a little background."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They're implying that if you spike your eggnog enough, you'll get drunk.","questions":"How will you get after spiking your eggnog enough?","answer":"Drunk"}
{"text":["There's something magical about that part of a meal that really seems to have inspired the book. Like, the beginning, when everyone is, like, just arriving and gathering and, like, what you want to serve in a moment like that.","Yeah. I mean, even just hearing you describe it that way, it's the best moment of a party. So, you know, everyone's hugging and kissing, and there's catching up and clinking of wine glasses. And it's just the best moment. And I think when those first platters of food start to roll out of the kitchen, it's just a celebration.","Do you ever really sit down, or is it constant movement, like, more plates coming out and just kind of wandering around and eating and talking?","What I love about antipasti is that even in a restaurant, oftentimes they'll have sort of a big communal table in the center of the restaurant, and they'll allow you to come up with, you know, your plate and a big spoon and just kind of point to or pick through and serve yourself whatever you want from the antipasti spread. So that's kind of the most interactive moment of the meal, which is maybe also why it's one of my favorites."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"There's something magical about that part of a meal\" - The speaker is expressing their emotional response to a particular part of a meal and not actually talking about any magic that might be involved.","questions":"How would you describe the PersonA's response to a particular part of a meal?","answer":"magical"}
{"text":["Just quickly, do you think the president will stay on message when he announces this this afternoon?","Well, if past is prologue, often, he gets off message or does not stick to the script. But sometimes, in the Rose Garden, he sticks to those teleprompters. So, you know, you never know. But he certainly has a lot of ideas about immigration.","NPR's Tamara Keith.","Thanks, Tam."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president sometimes goes off script during announcements, but sometimes sticks to teleprompters.","questions":"Which device does the president sometimes stick to during announcements?","answer":"Teleprompter."}
{"text":["Well, we had some great conversations about what it took to play the position. And you know, Bob Watson, who started out as a catcher, was one of the committee members. Phil Niekro, Bert Blyleven and Don Sutton, Pat Gillick, all pitchers, all Hall Famers, were really able to add a lot of insight to what it must have been like.","And the other - one of the main things we talked about was just how they played much shorter schedules in the 1870s. So when you look at career statistics, that's a huge distortion. Deacon White ended up with 2,000 career hits, but he was playing in a - in an average of 40, 50, 60-game schedules a year. So there was no way to generate the kind of career milestones that we look at as benchmarks today. You know, 3,000 hits would be all but impossible. And 2,000 was a terrific accomplishment.","And the number of errors he recorded even as a great defensive catcher would have been, you know, totally unacceptable by today's standards.","Oh, exactly. Yeah. And again, an issue where we had to really sort of look at what - compare him to people from his own era. And when we did that, you know, it became really obvious just how much he stood above his contemporaries.","Are the records from those days good enough that you have reliable accounts of who was good and who was great?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The standards for catcher errors have evolved over time.","questions":"What position did Deacon White play?","answer":"Catcher"}
{"text":["Southern Africa is reeling from a massive cyclone that hit more than a week ago. Some 700 people are reported dead across the region. But that toll is expected to rise. The scene has been described as apocalyptic, with hundreds of thousands of people affected in four countries. Massive flooding has hit Mozambique the hardest, and that is where Rik Goverde of Save the Children is. He joins us from Maputo via Skype. Welcome to the program.","Thank you. Hi.","Can you tell me what the scene is like there on the ground?","Well, the scene is as you described. It is catastrophic. Imagine that there's an inland sea now where there used to be land. People were sitting on roofs, in trees trying to escape the water. But they had nowhere to go. And helicopters are still flying to get them out of there, to get them to dry and - well, not dry - but mainland."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The phrase, \"on the ground\" implies being in a place or situation where something important is happening, rather than somewhere else. ","questions":"How is the scene described?","answer":"catastrophic"}
{"text":["Part of that's partisanship, but part of it is that white privilege allows white folks - and I'm white, so I mean, I know a little bit about the way we as white folks are viewed in this country. White folks have the luxury and the privilege of being mediocre. We can be mediocre, it's the same thing I hear everywhere I go when I speak at colleges, and I'm constantly told that the departments who were hiring in a school always say, we're looking for a black person, but we want to get the best black person, and we want to get the best Latino.","I've never heard anyone say, now we want to make sure we get the best white applicant. It's as if they're saying, if it's a person of color, they've got to absolutely be the cream of the crop and even then, we may not view them as that good. If they're a white person, they can be pretty mediocre, like a C student, George W.  Bush, and that's OK.","But if you're, you know, the editor in the Harvard Law Review, and at the top of your class, oh, we don't know about you. You know, to me that's about white privilege.","Well - so, what's changed in how people perceive your message?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : White people are not held to the same standards as people of color when it comes to achieving success.","questions":"Which group is given more leniency in achieving success?","answer":"white"}
{"text":["I've been gone for four years, but the organization is carrying on very strong. It's 18 years old now, and this is an organization where almost an entire generation of youth have been raised with a complete consciousness of their history, both black and brown, and the unity in that history. And those are stories that I believe are not told enough. We always focus on the conflict, we know where we don't get along, but we need to promote the examples of where we're working together successfully much more.","You suffered a tragic loss when your daughter was killed in a car accident. How did you pick yourself up and keep doing your work after that?","Well, it was 2006, and you know, you just do. Some people have said to me, how was I able to get over it and continue on?I haven't gotten over anything. It is with me every single day, it is what I think about every morning I wake up, it is what I think about every day before I go to bed. Her presence is very much in my life, and it wasn't just my daughter, it was also my son-in-law as well. And I lost them at the peak of their life. And so I, like millions of other parents, manage. You don't get over it, you just manage.","If you could take your magic wand, and wave it over California, and see what happened in 10 years, what would you be most proud of?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is no way to get over losing loved ones, but we can learn to manage our grief.","questions":"What is the key message conveyed by turn 2?","answer":"Grief"}
{"text":["Waiting for the winds to drop down below 50 - sustained winds drop below 50. And at that time we send out all of our first respondents of police, fire, EMS, and our utility companies. Everybody goes out and does damage assessment report in their areas. Report it back to us. We make a priority listing, so we can get power back on if we lost any power. Get the resources back and so we can just bring our people back.","But the winds are above 50 miles an hour, now. So, you don't have anybody out right now?Every body's just hunkered down.","Ninety nine percent of our people are hunkered down. We have a few of our - like the sheriff, he is out, and a few other higher ranking agency people are out, but most - 99 percent of our people are hunkered down in shelters.","So, how long do you really expect that that's going to last?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : No one is currently out due to the strong winds","questions":"How many people are currently out due to the strong winds?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["(Singing) Wasting this life, I only want me and you.","I read that you think some of the melodies that you sing now remind you of powwow songs. Is there a song on this new album that sounds that way to you?","So one of the songs that comes to mind is \"Going To The Beach With Haley. \"","(Singing) I feel what I'm like with you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I feel what I'm like with you\" could mean \"you make me feel happy or good\"","questions":"How does the speaker describe their emotions towards the person they are with?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["Basically, they give you a lot of freedom. They don't get in your way. The editors encourage in-depth investigative work. They like to hold public officials accountable. They're also willing to go to bat if you need legal help, if you're trying to get records or things like that.","So would you advise young reporters to do what you have done and stick with a local news organization for a decent amount of time?","Yeah. I think at least a year. Sometimes two years is a good point to kind of reconsider your options. We thought that we were just going to be here for a year, but this paper has a history of crusading investigative reporting, strong local journalism. Our late publisher Ned Chilton coined this phrase called sustained outrage, and that's sort of hammering away at an injustice until it's righted.","People who can manage to stay mad for a long time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People who can manage to stay passionate and motivated to bring about change, despite the length of time it takes.","questions":"How would you describe the kind of people who can stick with an issue until it's resolved?","answer":"passionate"}
{"text":["Well, that Times story illustrates a couple of points, one of which it promptly got the Times banned, that edition.","It did. Yes, which is predictable.","Yeah. I think they knew that. And no one's above the law. This guy's family has got $2. 7 billion.","And that's the whole point. It's why that's such a striking quote for someone to say that no one is above the law. The fact of the matter, in China, the Communist Party is above the law. The courts follow what the party says in any sort of politically sensitive case. There is no rule of law. And so how you actually solve this problem is very, very difficult, especially with a party that does not want to share power, that feels that it can police itself. But increasingly, if you talk to ordinary Chinese, they don't feel that way. They do - even by blocking the Times site, most people don't know that story, but they do know the story of many other officials who have done wrong, you know, have done bad things. And so there is, I think, an emerging crisis of confidence in the party, particularly around the issue of corruption."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"There is no rule of law. And so how you actually solve this problem is very, very difficult\" - Literal meaning: The lack of rule of law in China creates a challenging problem. Actual meaning: The situation is much worse than what the literal meaning suggests. The turn implies that there is a significant crisis of confidence in the Chinese government due to rampant corruption and lack of rule of law.","questions":"Which issue causes an emerging crisis of confidence in the Chinese government?","answer":"Corruption"}
{"text":["So, overall, I'm immensely proud of my team for what we were able to accomplish. We didn't have some major university backing us or major corporation backing us. We had two launches, and unfortunately neither one made it, but we got very, very close.","What went wrong?","We had a successful first stage burn. And unfortunately, seconds into the second stage burn, the vehicle spiraled out of control and basically disintegrated.","So, again, you're all college students, but nobody is getting paid. Nobody's getting college credit for this.","That's right. We're investing thousands of hours completely voluntarily."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"but nobody is getting paid.Nobody's getting college credit for this\" is a turn whose actual meaning is the same as its literal meaning. It means that the team members are not receiving any financial compensation or academic credits for their work on the project.","questions":"How are the team members compensated for their work on the project?","answer":"Voluntarily"}
{"text":["Thank you so much for having me.","And why'd you want to do that?","It really all started with her five-year portraits. I'd been searching everywhere for a new creative inspiration. And no matter where I looked, so many of the ideas for the how-tos of how to dress your little girl - dress like a Disney princess. And don't get me wrong - I love Disney princesses. But, you know, they're just characters, a writer's tale of a princess. And it really got me thinking about the real women for our girls to look up to.","Were you hoping that your daughter would ask questions like, well, who is this Amelia Earhart?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : ALL FATHERS WANT THEIR DAUGHTER TO BE LIKE DISNEY PRINCESSES BUT ITS JUST A CHARACTER NOT A REAL ONE","questions":"Which character's tale did PersonA get thinking about while looking for inspiration?","answer":"Disney"}
{"text":["How do you feel about the United States now?","It was my home, and it is my home. And it will be my home because I have nowhere else to go. If I went somewhere else, I wouldnt be alive.","Is there something you'd like the Army and the Department of Defense and everyone to know about you?","I am more patriotic than many Americans. I am ready to lay my life down for this country and for the safety of its people. Im not a bad person, and I have never committed a crime. My life is in danger if the institutions like USCIS and DOD does not help me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The United States is the only place where A can survive.","questions":"Which country is the only place where PersonA can survive?","answer":"USA"}
{"text":["Thank you.","Why do you think more teens are identifying as transgender or gender nonconforming?","Well, I think there's been a long history of advocacy and fighting for that visibility. And there's more media attention and celebrities coming out. That has increased visibility. And with more schools having more GSAs and clubs, it gives youth a chance to feel like they can talk about their gender exploration and live more like their authentic self.","To what extent do you see this study as a reflection of teens feeling more comfortable in diverse gender identities versus teens sort of experimenting with their identities and how they describe themselves?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is asking for A's opinion on the increase in identification of teens as transgender or gender nonconforming.","questions":"How does PersonB prompt PersonA to discuss the reasons behind the increase in identification of teens as transgender or gender nonconforming?","answer":"Reasons"}
{"text":["I think that the protests need to go as far as we need to take them so that America begins to wake up, that this is a problem. You know, 45 said that this is a local issue and. . .","And by 45, you mean President Donald Trump.","Correct. This is a national epidemic. This is a national outcry of people and communities in pain.","Can you tell us something about Stephon before we say goodbye?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker believes that the protests need to be more extreme for America to acknowledge the issue, but not necessarily violent.","questions":"Which approach does the speaker suggest to make America aware of the issue without being violent?","answer":"Extreme"}
{"text":["Well, you know, the Chinese economy has some major problems even in boom times. It's awash with corruption, enormous inefficiencies. It still has training wheels in many respects, and when an economic crisis hits a booming economy, it tends to make it more efficient. When it emerges, it becomes an even better competitor.","And we've seen this with other emerging Asian economies in the past - after the first oil shock in Japan. Japan really got its act together and became our foremost competitor then.","And how will this affect what's happening here in the United States in terms of manufacturing and jobs here?","You know, I think it is an economic question and a political question, and there are some uncertainties on how we will play our hand. The president-elect when he was talking about creating jobs at home, he was really stressing incentives on keeping jobs here, giving companies good reasons to keep jobs here."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : An economic crisis can lead to better competitiveness.","questions":"Which event can lead to better competitiveness?","answer":"Crisis"}
{"text":["Yes, it's a primate. It's actually one of the largest monkey species there are. I'm not sure if you're familiar with Rafiki from the movie \"Lion King?\"Rafiki is a mandrill. They have extremely colorful noses and rumps, and like I said, they're one of the largest monkey species.","Do the animals get something special to eat considering it's Thanksgiving?","Keepers that are responsible for the day-to-day care of the animals do make some special treats for the animals. For example, our gorillas, on a daily basis, they get sweet potatoes, and on Thanksgiving, they may add some nutmeg or cinnamon to the sweet potatoes to make it kind of reminiscent of being home with family on the holidays.","Barb Webber is working today at Disney's Animal Kingdom. Happy Thanksgiving, Barb, to you and your animal friends."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Rafiki is not a person but a mandrill monkey species","questions":"Which character from \"The Lion King\" is mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Rafiki"}
{"text":["Thanks. Glad to be with you.","So what we've been hearing a lot about is basically just a failure of these negotiations to move forward. Before we get to the nuts and bolts of it, from an economic level, how are people in Detroit dealing with what appears to be a reluctance on the part of the federal government to really enter into a bailout?","Well, I think there are really two key emotions that are at play in Detroit right now. One is fear. People are very scared because the auto industry is so important to metro Detroit, thousands and thousands and thousands of jobs. If one or more of the automakers were to go under, the ripple effect here would be catastrophic because the plant is affected and then the suppliers are affected and the restaurants are affected and the shopping malls are affected. So there'd be such a horrible cascading effect.","So fear is number one, and I think number two is anger. People see how roughly the automakers were treated, and people feel that they were being treated as autoworkers, roughly as well, when at the same time you see, you know, on a Sunday night Citibank gets $20 billion without a second thought. So people here are very angry about the different treatments Wall Street and the automakers have received."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The federal government has not provided a bailout for the auto industry in Detroit and people are scared and angry about the potential consequences of this.","questions":"What are the two key emotions that people in Detroit are feeling regarding the failure to provide a bailout for the auto industry?","answer":"Fear,Anger"}
{"text":["From NPR News, this is NEWS AND NOTES. I'm Tony Cox. We begin today with some important economic news. Last week for the very first time oil jumped past the $100 a barrel mark. Since then prices have dropped but only slightly. And now there's more news of instability in the Middle East with the Turkish incursion into northern Iraq. With Middle Eastern tensions controlling what we pay at the pump, the chance that the cost of oil will continue to rise seems all but inevitable.","But how will rising oil prices affect you, and what can we do about it?Meanwhile, the current economic strain is hitting some people pretty hard. Folks are tapping into those 401(k) nest eggs to pay bills and buy gas and groceries. But is that any way to manage your retirement fund?With me now to talk about oil prices and your 401(k), we've got Author and Economist Julianne Malveaux. She is president of Bennett College. Julianne, nice to talk to you as always.","Always a pleasure, Tony.","Let's begin with this. Folks were waiting for oil to hit that $100 a barrel mark. It came and it went. My question is going to be how you thought folks felt the strain, because I did notice, Julianne, that my gas went up again in the last couple of weeks. Is that why?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Julianne is expressing appreciation for Tony's invitation to the conversation.","questions":"How did Julianne respond to Tony's invitation?","answer":"Nice"}
{"text":["What in this agreement makes it better in your perspective?Because you did say that there was something in it that was, so tell me one thing.","There are. The labor chapter itself is better. However, if you can't enforce the labor chapter, it is meaningless. And so we're trying to get the enforcement on three different levels that I outlined earlier.","So what's your message to Democrats here?I mean, the issue is, so far, the administration has been trying to work with the Democrats. I mean, the trade chief, for example, the U. S.  trade representative, Robert Lighthizer, has been working with Democrats to hear their concerns about it. I mean, and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has appointed nine House Democrats to committees to negotiate these sort of - these changes.","But there is this some sense that, you know, the administration - others in the administration would like to fast-track it. There is a mechanism for doing that. I mean, do you have a specific message to Democrats?Because, as you know, with such a large - particularly with such a large presidential field, you've got all kinds of different opinions about international trade in that group. Do you know what I mean?So do you have a specific message to them about how to - you would like to see them proceed?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B wants A to explain what makes the agreement better","questions":"What is the one thing that PersonA thinks is better in the agreement?","answer":"Labor"}
{"text":["Well, I think he needs to do a lot of things. We first have to realize that we've got in the pipeline climate change, and we're committed to a few more degrees of warming, kind of, no matter what we do, so we have to have an adaptation strategy. How are we going to protect coast lines against intensified hurricanes?How we're going to deal with the increased fires in the West?What are we going to do with melting glaziers?","We've got to do that regardless of climate policy. To try to control emissions, we have to deal adaptation. The second thing is we have to use our energy more efficiently. We need building codes. So what we're going to have to do is to nationalize the kind of California activities where everybody has to participate and it's not just a random lottery of states values. Then finally, we have to help the brilliant American industry to be able to invent our way out of the problem through cheaper solar machines and better grids for wind machines. And we need incentives. We'll need loan guarantees.","I mean, if we can spend almost a trillion dollars bailing out some greedy people who messed up in an under-regulated environment, how about spending a tenth that much trying to produce green jobs, and at the same time, reduce our dependence on foreign oil and help the environment.","How do you think our current economic situation is going to affect efforts to curb global warming?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : We are already committed to climate change, so we need to focus on adapting to it.","questions":"Which strategy do we need to focus on in light of our commitment to climate change?","answer":"FOCUS"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Well, we'll see what happens with the movie end of it.","Black Francis. He's written a new novel - if that's what you call it - together with Josh Frank and illustrated by Steven Appleby, \"The Good Inn. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks a lot. I really appreciate talking to you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  B: Black Francis. He's written a new novel - if that's what you call it - together with Josh Frank and illustrated by Steven Appleby, \"The Good Inn.\"  The phrase \"if that's what you call it\" in this turn is an idiomatic expression that means \"it's not exactly what you would typically refer to as a novel.\" So, while the literal meaning of the sentence is that Black Francis has written a new novel with co-authors and an illustrator, the actual meaning is that the work in question may not fit the typical definition of a novel.","questions":"How would you describe the genre of \"The Good Inn\"?","answer":"Uncertain"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me.","What new details did we learn with this filing?","So the new filing focuses on five extramarital affairs that Duncan Hunter had when he was in Congress, the first one starting just four months after he was elected and took office in April 2009. So he took office in January.","The longest feature in the filing is about an individual identified as Individual 14, who was a lobbyist. And they spent campaign money on things like a ski trip together, a thousand-dollar hotel tab. They went to concerts together. And they also went on a double date with another congressperson to Virginia Beach, but that congressperson has not been identified."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Duncan Hunter had extramarital affairs while in Congress","questions":"Which congressperson went on a double date with Duncan Hunter and Individual 14?","answer":"Duncan"}
{"text":["And now we're going to move on to our broader Africa update. We'll look at upcoming elections on the Comoros Islands why South Africa says Chinese residents can now call themselves black. For more we've got Cassandra Waldon. She's chief of external communications at the United Nations Development Program. Hey Cassandra.","Hi Farai, great to be with you.","Always great to have you on. And let's actually start with another issue, which is the global food crisis. Africa's second most populous country, Ethiopia, is asking for emergency food aid. The government says more than four and a half million people are in desperate need of help because of a drought which struck most of the country earlier this year. So Cassandra, what makes this food crisis different from past ones?","Well I think this one is being exacerbated by the crisis of higher food prices that we've seen across the globe. We see in Ethiopia that you have children, as many as 75,000 kids, who are already acutely malnourished, now finding themselves deteriorating even further because of the drought and the lack of food that is available to them. We see that seasonal rains in Ethiopia have failed completely or are very poor in many parts of Ethiopia, and this is really hurting crop production, it means that farmers can't take care of their livestock. It is just a very devastating situation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The drought in Ethiopia is causing a devastating food crisis","questions":"What is causing the devastating situation in Ethiopia?","answer":"Drought"}
{"text":["Well, it's about four, five, six percent. But we also asked questions about whether or not people would change their minds. You can add an additional about 20 percent of voters who are picking a candidate in the month of September, but are still saying they might change their mind how they're going to vote. When you add those two numbers together, you get almost to a quarter of the electorate in Ohio that could change its mind between now and Election Day.","And the number one issue, as it is in many places in the country, the economy?","The economy is the number one issue. And one of the things that makes it very difficult for a candidate to campaign in Ohio is that when they come to Ohio to talk about the economy, they can't just talk about a single aspect. When you talk to folks in the northern part of the state, northeast Ohio which includes Cleveland, and northwest Ohio which includes Toledo, when you're talking about the economy there, oftentimes the discussion is about trade.","When you talk about the economy in southwest Ohio, which is the Cincinnati area, there's much less talk about trade, and more discussion about wages and the salaries that people are making. The southeast area of the state, which is also known in part because of the Appalachian history of that part of the state, has high unemployment. A number of counties in southeast Ohio have double-digit unemployment. Many people in that region are talking about and focused on unemployment, solely as their economic concern."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : None found - the turn \"the economy\" appears to have its literal meaning as the main issue of concern.","questions":"Which state is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Ohio"}
{"text":["Anyway, let's talk about Oprah, her TV show, her magazine, popularity in general taking a hit?Do you think it's because she picked a candidate in this race?","I think, that's probably partially what it is. I mean, she does have a very mainstream audience of women, who - a lot of them supported Hillary Clinton, so I'm sure that has something to do with it. But I also take it just a sign of the time. I mean, she's been dominant for a very long time, and you know, there comes a time when that ends, or it certainly begins to fall off a little bit, and I sort of think it's a combination of both.","I don't think it's just her support of Obama, because if you think about it, she really has not really been out there supporting him since January. She did her thing and she pretty much stepped away from it. But I think that when you combine that with the fact that she's dominated for 20 years, and Ellen now is sort of the popular person with all the celebrity guests, I just think it's time to pass the mantle on some level.","Oprah can pass the mantle anytime and still be a billionaire."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Pass the mantle means by passing one recognition to another person.","questions":"What does \"Pass the mantle\" mean?","answer":"Recognition"}
{"text":["They were part of the crew of the USS Monitor, a celebrated Civil War ship that helped open a new era in naval warfare. The ship was ironclad, powered by steam instead of sails, and supported a rotating gun turret. The Monitor sank in a storm in 1862. Sixteen of 62 men on board went down with their ship. They were thought to be lost forever until 2002. The Monitor was being restored and the remains of two of the sailors were discovered in the turret. We're joined now by historian Anna Holloway. She's curator of the USS Monitor Center in Newport, Virginia. Thank very much for being with us.","Well, thank you so much for having me.","What do we know about these two sailors who have finally been buried?","Well, we still don't know their names, and that is one of the ongoing mysteries about these two heroes of the USS Monitor. However, as you mention, 16 men went down with the vessel, so there are 16 possibilities. Now, forensics tells us a little bit about them - their relative heights, their ages and their race - so that does narrow it down a bit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There are no turns in the given conversation that have a meaning different from their literal meanings. All the turns convey their literal meanings without any implied or figurative language.","questions":"How does turn 3 describe the meanings conveyed in the conversation?","answer":"Descriptive"}
{"text":["Yeah, well, this is an excellent question. First of all, the thing that they looked back to if they wanted to think back to a time of real hardship, it would have been the depression of the early 1890s, which was about as close to them as the depression is to us, but closer actually. So, in the 1890s, you had upwards of 20 percent unemployment.","This was caused by some crisis to do with a run on the U. S.  dollar, and gold flowing out of the United States Treasury and so forth, and so on. And you had really large numbers of the unemployed straggling along American roads looking for work. This is in an age of a lot of anxiety about hobos, and tramps, and the threat to public order that they might have represented.","And I think if we had had motion pictures from the 1890s, we would probably regard that as a great depression. But the key thing maybe to think about there is, it wasn't obviously going to be the great depression by Christmas 1929. And maybe, even it wasn't obviously going to be the great depression by Christmas 1930. It was something that kind of crept slowly and sickeningly upon people.","And this thesis that really it's the information revolution, it's the online world in exchange of all that we know, this thesis probably is not such a big factor, you think, in what's going on."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The depression of the early 1890s was the closest event of real hardship that people could compare to the Great Depression","questions":"Which event was the closest comparison to the Great Depression?","answer":"decades"}
{"text":["Before summer slips away, North Country Public Radio's Brian Mann decided to take a day off from work for one last hot-weather canoe trip in upstate New York. With his wife Susan, Brian paddled and trekked through the Ausable Marshes in the Champlain Valley. He sent back this audio postcard.","We've just set out into the Ausable Marshes, this gorgeous delta of marshlands and ox-bows that form here between the Ausable River and Lake Champlain. Already, just a few paddle strokes from the road, it's green and humid.","B.  MANN: The forest along the river is lush with birds. A kingfisher loops from bank to bank. It feels sort of tropical and up in the bow of the canoe, Susan strips down to her swimsuit.","This paddling reminded me of the Louisiana bayou. Not quite as hot."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Brian and Susan were looking forward to having a peaceful and relaxing day.","questions":"How did Brian and Susan spend their day?","answer":"Paddling"}
{"text":["Yes, yes, and I was inundated with students and visitors and all of that because there's a fascination to this, and they all - well, they're all happy to be - to see something like this and realize that when I started and where I started is where they are and that they can do something. And that ought to be the goal: school, learn and then use your own abilities to go further.","Do they realize that?Do they understand that?","I know some did. Now others I think are still thinking I'm going to quickly grab a degree and get a fantastic job and get rich, but I don't think they're thinking beyond getting rich. Now I don't know if that's a good life.","Well, congratulations to you, Nick."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Not all students understand the goal mentioned before.","questions":"How many students understand the goal mentioned by A?","answer":"some"}
{"text":["No doubt it has for those legal scholars and for other people who are actively seeking grounds for impeachment proceedings. It is not likely to change the calculus for the majority of Republicans in the House. And if you need to get a president impeached, you need the Republicans, who are the majority in the House of Representatives.","Speaking of his relations, the president's relations with members of his own party, he took to Twitter to call out Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell and House Speaker Paul Ryan about the debt ceiling and health care. Is he alienating the very people in the Senate he needs later for legislation to defend him against investigations?","It's going to harden the battle lines, the battle lines that are already there, especially on immigration, especially with regard to the southern border wall. And this is a sensitive time, as we approach the perfect fiscal storm this September. I'm talking about the budget resolution, the spending bills, the federal debt ceiling with the prospect of a shutdown or a credit default. While still remote, perhaps, that threat is quite real.","Another face has been crossed out of the White House staff photo overnight. Counterterrorism Adviser Sebastian Gorka has left the building. But was he a fired man walking, if you please, for the past week or so?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"change the calculus\" - this is a metaphorical expression that means to change the way people are thinking about something.","questions":"Which expression is used as a metaphor for changing people's way of thinking in the dialogue?","answer":"calculus"}
{"text":["From the studios of NPR West, this is Day to Day. I'm Madeleine Brand. Iraqi forces took control of Baghdad's Green Zone today. Iraq's leaders celebrated the moment, saying the country's sovereignty has been returned six years after U. S.  forces invaded and toppled the regime of Saddam Hussein.","Army Captain Nate Rawlings is here from Baghdad. He's with the First Brigade Combat Team of the 4th Infantry Division. He's a regular contributor to Day to Day. Happy New Year, Nate.","Happy New Year to you, Madeleine.","Thank you. Well, so how do soldiers there in Iraq - how do they mark the new year?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The fact that Nate is a regular contributor to the show is acknowledged","questions":"Which soldier is a regular contributor to Day to Day?","answer":"Nate."}
{"text":["But we can also use technology to, you know, warn providers when they're entering orders, for instance. If I'm supposed to be in Mr.  James Smith and entering a complex chemotherapy order, for instance, I'd get an alert saying, are you sure?","Because there was another, you know, Mr.  James Smith on the same ward in the hospital. Are you sure you're entering orders on the right Mr.  James Smith, you know, for instance?","Anything a patient can do to protect him or herself?","With electronic health records has come in a layer of additional transparency for the health care system where patients can access more information electronically than they could ever do before."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) The speaker is not only suggesting using technology to alert providers when they may be entering orders for the wrong patient, but also emphasizing the importance of preventing medical errors in the healthcare system.","questions":"Which patient needs to be protected in the healthcare system?","answer":"AII"}
{"text":["No, because the guys used to sit on the porch and play their guitars and (unintelligible). And then would beat to the tap of their foot. So I kind of adapted that tanta-ta-tan-tum, tanta-ta-tan-tum(ph). I mean, because - I mean, my people - my relatives, most of them were from Jackson, Mississippi. So when they migrated to Indianapolis, they kind of brought a lot of that feeling.","When he said write a hit, that one song people know me all over the world, in Russia, Africa, Japan, all over the world, people, the first thing they say when they see me, \"Red Clay. \"","In the course of your career, you had, obviously, highs and you had some lows, and they've been described as personal problems. Without going into detail, are we to assume that those problems were substance abuse related?","Well, substance abuse, I wouldn't really say I had a problem with that. I mean, I would say that at one period in the '70s, I started partying, I was in Hollywood A-list(ph). And everybody would come up there, I mean, all kind of movie stars, all kind of football stars, basketball stars, actors. And I had a spot right there in (unintelligible) overlooking the (unintelligible). And the people that I had coming up there - now, the substance abuse, it was around because a lot of people who would come to see me would bring it. But I would never really say I had a habit or anything like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"Red Clay\" is the song that made me famous.","questions":"Which song made the person famous?","answer":"Red-Clay"}
{"text":["Oh, yes. Yes, indeed.","(Singing) X is the letter. Blue is the color. One is a number. Now is the time.","I mentioned back in the '60s then and it's still - news reminds me of the '60s. We're going out the world backwards. You know, we've got to change. We need a change. And every chance I get, I'm going to sing songs of change because, like I say, I feel like we're going out the world backwards.","Well, in fact, you know, to that end, the album art is actually a beautiful photograph of a group of young kids - African American kids on the outside of a chain-link fence. And they're looking into a park. It's a photo by Gordon Parks from 1956 called \"Outside Looking In. \"And, you know, I'm assuming that this was a park these kids weren't allowed to play in - right?- because it was segregated."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The park is segregated, and the African American kids are not allowed to play in it.","questions":"Which group of children are featured in the photograph on the album art?","answer":"AfricanAmericankids"}
{"text":["So the first thing you need to do is call your fund and see, you know, are you going to be covered, are you going to buy into the pool?I have to say, in all my years - and I've been doing this for a ridiculously long amount of time - I was extraordinarily surprised by the collapse of money funds. If you - right now, they are being backed by the government, and I think that's as good as you can get. If you're - again, if you're terrified, you're going to want to go to Treasury bills or you're going to want to go to your local bank","All right, John, hold on for a minute. We're going to take a quick break and we're going to come back and continue this conversation, and we're going to ask you to answer some questions from some listeners on News & Notes. We'll be right back.","This is News & Notes, I'm Tony Cox. We're back with USA Today's investment columnist, John Waggoner.","John, you've been explaining to us how the ripple effects of Wall Street are hitting the average American, and now we have some questions for you from a few of our listeners. You ready?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Pool is not a literal term, it just means a collection of money. ","questions":"Which term is not to be taken literally?","answer":"Literal"}
{"text":["It's the most remarkable story of evil coming out of Russia that I've seen in a long time. And what it shows is that they're not just messing with the election in the United States or doping in the Olympics. But they've got their tentacles into just about everything everywhere. This is one story that shows that.","I have to ask you, Mr.  Browder, there are plenty of people - and we hear from them - who are skeptical about Russia being seen at the center of so many allegations. And they say the U. S.  and the West are just crawling back into a destructive Cold War mentality. How do you answer that?","Well, I mean, Russia was responsible for shooting down MH17. Russia was responsible for invading Ukraine. Russia is responsible for taking away the chemical weapons in Syria that they didn't take away. Russia was responsible for having honest athletes in the Olympics when they did the whole doping program. I mean, Russia is the one who is making the trouble. Russia is really a sort of a nonentity when it comes to - the economy is the size of the state of New York. Their military budget is 5 percent of the U. S.  military budget. We shouldn't even be thinking about Russia other than the fact that they're sort of putting their nose into every bit of terrible activity all over the world.","Quick question - but it's important to get along, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Russia's actions in shooting down MH17, invading Ukraine, not complying with chemical weapons removal in Syria, and doping in the Olympics show their troublesome behavior globally.","questions":"What were some of the global actions that Russia is responsible for according to turn 2?","answer":"MH17,Ukraine,Syria,Olympics"}
{"text":["So what was the content posted in The Donald that led to this action?","Well, it's hard to say, I suppose would be the answer to that, because the Reddit staff are opaque a lot of the time and what actions they take and why. The best guess we have is that a few days ago, there were several posts and comments on that subreddit that were - seemed to be calling for violent action against public officials in the U. S.  state of Oregon - this in response to the Republican walkout over House Bill 2020 in that state, the Climate Change Act, that has caused the Republican delegation to flee the state rather than vote. There were posts - calling for things like taking up arms, flooding into the state of Oregon, defending these people with violence and going after public officials with violence.","I think many people will be familiar with Reddit because they're interested in, you know, cat videos and things of that sort. But other people are aware that Reddit has come up a lot in the conversation around the spread of white supremacy and other extremist ideas. I mean, why is that?","I think that Reddit would have trouble dealing with these issues more than other social media sites would because of that focus on designing the site to center it around an idea or a group of people rather than an individual. That's a change that allows people with common interests to come together and discuss, advocate and act on those interests more easily than they might be able to in other places. And, again, on Reddit, they can also often do so anonymously."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Reddit staff does not always disclose why they take certain actions.","questions":"Which website's staff does not always disclose reasons for their actions?","answer":"Reddit"}
{"text":["OK, starting with GlobalGrind. Here's the deal Farai, as you know, being in the media, it's becoming more and more niche, and people, especially what you're talking about Internet, you're talking about web communities and defining that niche. Now we're seeing more and more websites pop up where we've had black websites in the past, but GlobalGrind is this one-stop shop.","They claim, or they offer, for news, gossip, humor, entertainment. It's just about everything that users think is important. So the whole site is actually driven by users voting on other content that's happening elsewhere. And so the higher the vote of a specific piece of content, the more relevant it comes up on the GlobalGrind webpage.","Is it fun?","It is fun. It looks very clean. It's sleek. I do like the ownership behind the company, and some of the people driving it, because Navarro is a guy that ran 360HipHop. com, which was very successful that was sold to BET. I've met with their advertising people. I think they really got their handle on - they've made it mobile. They now integrate it with Facebook, which wasn't there before, which I was dinging them on. I was like, when are you guys going to get with mobile applications in a Web 2. 0 space?","All right, Mario. We have to jump in. RushmoreDrive. Give me the skinny."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being in the media industry is becoming more niche and specialized","questions":"What is becoming more niche?","answer":"Media"}
{"text":["We had testimony submitted to us this morning in writing by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who engineered - according to the government and himself - the attacks of 9\/11. And he was questioned about the role of Salim Hamdan, and I'll just read you one paragraph from what he answered.","The question was, did Salim Hamdan ever have any role in planning, or carry out, any activities that you either directed or were involved in?, as he was the director of operations. He didn't play any role. He was not a soldier. He was a driver. His nature was primitive. He was a Bedouin one person and far from civilized. He was not fit to plan or execute. But he is fit to change truck tires, to change oil filters, wash and clean cars, and passing cargo and pickup trucks. He could tighten bolts and could select the best maintenance shop.","This is Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, saying this about Hamdan?","That's right. We also had testimony from Waleed bin Attash, and as I understand it, he was responsible, or has boasted his responsibility, for the attack on the USS Cole. And he says Salim Hamdan's activities were distinctively clear, as he was seen driving the cars going and coming every day. His responsibilities were those related to driving, such as mechanical and maintenance and repairs. He was not involved in planning any attacks against the United States."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Similarly, in turn (4), Waleed bin Attash's statement that Hamdan's \"activities were distinctively clear\" and he was \"seen driving the cars going and coming every day\" is not meant to be taken literally. Rather, it is a way for the speaker to emphasize Hamdan's limited role and lack of involvement in planning any attacks against the United States.","questions":"What did Waleed bin Attash emphasize about Hamdan's role?","answer":"Role"}
{"text":["The other thing that we're doing is making a mouse that has Beatrice's exact genetic variant so that we may be able to recapitulate what Beatrice has so - you know, with the muscles and that sort of thing - and then study that mouse in great detail. And also. . .","You're - I mean, you're making an actual, physical, fur-covered mouse?","Yeah. In fact, I just saw a picture of four of the pups today. They carry Bea's identical variation. Mice live to be 2, and so if they develop heart problems or vascular problems or other problems, we'll be able to know that - if we're not able to find other Beatrices.","A lot of people, I gather, are very happy for you and certainly, for Beatrice, but is this necessarily a good example for other families that have a sick child?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is using the mouse as a model to study Beatrice's genetic condition and potentially find treatments for it.","questions":"How is the speaker using the mouse?","answer":"Model"}
{"text":["It was for people who are sort of touched by this. And when you saw what goes into it, you will understand. I mean, it's a week of sanding and scrapping and chiseling. It really - it was kind of an amazing process.","Yeah. And it's a beautiful video you made. It's up there on our website at sciencefriday. com. You can watch how they build the bikes. They talk about the bamboo where they - they're bringing in from Vietnam and choose it, right?","That's right. Their cream of the crop, they say.","You imagine going bamboo shopping?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The best of the crop of bamboo was brought from Vietnam.","questions":"What country was the bamboo brought from?","answer":"Vietnam"}
{"text":["You know, it's not fair to put the blame on the entire system. You know, we countlessly says in sexual assaults it's not a fraternity problem. It's not an alcohol problem. But we also can't be naive enough not to point out that there seems to be a theme happening where people have this groupthink and are able to hide behind a larger organization.","Can you give us any more insight as to what the conversation on your editorial board's been like?","We were shocked and disgusted when this information came out. You know, one of our first editorials was just somewhat emotional - us explaining that we are very frustrated that this has happened. We are disgusted. These actions are vile, and we, as a student newspaper, are putting our foot down. We're not going to stand for it. As more information has unfolded, specifically the anonymous interview that came out in Philadelphia magazine - that was another topic of one of our editorials.","I don't know that story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"hide behind a larger organization\" - This phrase means that individuals use the larger organization as a shield to protect themselves from accountability. Its actual meaning is figurative, not literal.","questions":"How do individuals use a larger organization?","answer":"Shield"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","David Hockney is obviously not myself. But it's the same process of writing. I'm trying to understand from the inside. I am not interested in the factual truth. My book is very factual. I read everything. It's as accurate as it can be. I cannot invent. He's alive. The man is alive. He's 81. I cannot invent his life. But what interested me is really the emotional truth. How could he be a figurative artist at a time when everybody was abstract?Try to imagine this young David Hockney arriving from his provincial town in London at the age of 22 and discovering that figurative painting, which is what he's doing, is not done.","He has a friend at the school who says, oh, you cannot paint like Monet after Pollock. And David Hockney hears this and thinks, oh, my God, if I continue painting the way I was painting, I'm done for. I will never be well-known. So it is complicated. And I tried to place myself in his mind. He tried to become an abstract painter. But he was very depressed. And his friend, at some point, told him, you know, stop thinking about being a contemporary artist. It doesn't matter. You are contemporary. You live in your time. Just paint what matters to you.","You - I mean, it's extraordinary that you didn't know David Hockney before you started looking into this only a few years ago. And now that you've done so much research into his life, what is the thing that is more resonant to you?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : trying to place myself in his mind implies a persons way of thinking and\/or their point of view","questions":"Which phrase in turn 2 suggests the author's attempt to empathize with David Hockney?","answer":"Place"}
{"text":["It is in both tinfoil and wax paper.","Oh, that's a good technique. You know, in San Francisco, they're really into the tinfoil wrapped, but a lot of people don't like that because it keeps the moisture in. It can get a little bit gooey or moist in unpleasant ways. So some people use wax paper but then, you know, the opposite can happen - it can dry out if you'll used tinfoil.","OK, so I understand that you have a scoring system. So walk me through this burrito. Let's dissect this thing.","OK, so I rate it on five criteria. The first category is the tortilla."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B: \"OK, so I understand that you have a scoring system. So walk me through this burrito. Let's dissect this thing.\" - \"Walk me through\" and \"dissect\" are being used figuratively to mean that B wants A to explain the burrito in detail, rather than literally walking through or cutting open the burrito.","questions":"How does PersonB want PersonA to explain the burrito?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["What are you going to do when your internet connection goes down?","We have actually, so far, been able - we have reporters who are also out of town that we're in touch with. We're determined that we're going to keep reports on this storm on the internet, no matter how we do it. We've got a lot of backup for that at www. dailycomet. com and at Houmatoday. com.","We're determined that we're going to keep reports on this storm on the internet, no matter how we do it. We've got a lot of backup for that at www. dailycomet. com and at Houmatoday. com. We didn't stop yet and we don't plan to stop.","You have reporters out trying to cover this story all over where this hurricane is going. There must be some point where you say and where the reporters say to you \"Hey, I got to stop for a while because there's a hurricane coming. \""],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite any obstacles, they are committed to reporting on the storm via the internet.","questions":"What are they determined to do during the storm?","answer":"Report"}
{"text":["Earlier this week, a man walked free from a court nearly 30 years after he'd been wrongly convicted of a murder. David McCallum was 16 years old when he was sent to prison along with William Stuckey. Both men were convicted of murder in 1986. William Stuckey died in prison, but Mr.  McCallum continued to fight to clear his own name. In January, his lawyer sent a letter to the Brooklyn District Attorney, Kenneth Thompson, who'd just taken office. The DA looked into the case and decided to reopen it. And since then, he's instituted review of a number of cases from the 1980s and '90s. District attorney Kenneth Thompson joins us from our studios in New York. Mr.  Thompson, thanks so much being with us.","Thank you for having me.","What did you see that led you to move to reopen this case?","What I saw was that there was no evidence linking David McCallum or Willie Stuckey to the abduction and to the murder of Nathan Blenner other than their confessions. And their confessions were very short and they contained false-fed facts. That led me and members of my conviction review team to conclude that the confessions were false."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \u201cThe confessions were false\u201d but not \u201cThe confessions were short and contained false-fed facts\u201d which is the literal meaning of the turn.","questions":"How did the confessions lead to the conclusion that they were false?","answer":"confessions"}
{"text":["Revkin told me about a man named Khaled. He worked at a slaughterhouse that ISIS took control of, leaving him with a choice - stay at the job and work for ISIS or leave and face retaliation.","Khaled, like many residents of Mosul, decided that cooperation was the only way to survive. So he continued working in the slaughterhouse. He claimed that he was never trained. He never received combat training or used a weapon or participated in any military operations on behalf of the group. But nonetheless, three years later, when Iraqi security forces, supported by the international coalition, recaptured Mosul, he was 1 of more than 90,000 people who have been detained on suspicion of association with the group. And he was arrested solely on the basis of testimony from a secret informant who had apparently witnessed him pledging allegiance, even though Khaled insisted that this pledge was involuntary and coerced.","So, you know, during the trial, I saw him explain that his work consisted only of feeding and caring for animals at the slaughterhouse. But nonetheless, he was sentenced to 15 years in prison after a trial that lasted less than 30 minutes. And the judges actually told him that he was lucky to receive such a lenient sentence because the crime for which he was convicted, which was membership in a terrorist group, generally brings capital punishment.","A lot of post-ISIS life is figuring out who was or who was not involved in ISIS and bringing the appropriate perpetrators to justice. This is done mostly through courts?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Khaled faced a difficult decision to stay and work for ISIS or leave and risk facing repercussions from them.","questions":"How did Khaled's choice affect his future?","answer":"Detention"}
{"text":["(Reading) Never let them perceive that they can vex you or make you lose your self-command.","Too late.","Do you draw lesson from any of this, Mr.  Cordell?","Yeah, I mean, one of the most interesting things to me here is the way that there are these common threads. We find a lot of sentimental stories that were widely circulated, things that are supposed to evoke emotions - usually some sadness, even. And this reminds me of many of the videos that we see of soldiers coming home from war or, you know, children who have been granted, you know, a wish - sick children in particular. And to see these threads back into the 19th century, for me this removes the idea of virality just from the platform of the Internet. You know, we often talk about the Internet enabling virality, but it seems clear to me that there's something much deeper about the kinds of things that we share and why we share them that extends prior to the technology we're working with today."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.","questions":"How might the speaker describe the threads connecting sentimental stories and modern videos?","answer":"Threads"}
{"text":["So I always tell people, look at your many choices. Don't close any doors. But the fact is that, you know, take your passion, take it as far as you can, but understand you've got to make a living, and you've got to pay the loan back.","What about people like you, who are college presidents?What challenges are you facing in trying to make sure that you can get a broad variety of students from different backgrounds?","Farai, you know, what keeps me up at night is the young women who want to be admitted but don't have the dollars, the young women who are students who are continuing, who are saying, I need more financial aid, the young women whose parents can't take out another loan. That literally keeps me up at night. If you see me again and I'm gray, that's what did it.","I mean literally. I mean, I wake up in the - you know, I wake up in the middle of the night and say, how can I find money for these young people?It is a challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Financial difficulties faced by young women seeking admission are causing immense stress to me.","questions":"How are young women affected by the college president's challenges?","answer":"register"}
{"text":["Finally, Ron, lots of talk about Congress releasing the second half of this $700 billion bailout this week. Where do we stand with that?","Quite possible that Congress will get that done this week now that Barack Obama has asked George Bush, has asked the current president, to formally put in a request for that money. Congress has got a lot of questions about how this money is going to be spent, as it has questions about how the first half of the money was spent. So, they're going to resist. There's going to be some pushback. But it's quite possible the release will come this week.","NPR senior Washington editor Ron Elving. Thank you, Ron.","Thank you, Alex."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Barack Obama's request for the $700 billion bailout may expedite the process","questions":"What may expedite the process?","answer":"Request"}
{"text":["That's depressing, Marc. I'm Flora Lichtman and this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Marc Abrahams. So the world is getting worse based on Professor Trinkaus' studies. Is there any upside to this news?","The upside is he's still there counting. He hasn't given up on us. And. . .","The other thing is that these are really interesting reports. They're so short and they're written in clear language, and they've got numbers. And he's got all this data. He's got about 100 of these reports on different subjects. They're sitting there waiting for anybody to come along and try to make sense of the data. And some of them are really tiny things. He noticed that in the building where he worked in New York City, sometimes there would be some doors that were open and other doors that were shut. And he counted how many people, when confronted with a door that's open and a door that's shut, will go through the open door and how many people choose to go through the door that's shut so they have to open it themselves.","I liked this one, \"Taste Preferences for Brussels Sprouts: An Informal Look. \"And as you might have suspected, 54 percent of young students found the vegetable to be very repulsive. That's one of his findings. Does anyone cite his work?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : upside implies the advantage or benefits, not a part or side being above ","questions":"What is the Professor's main focus in his reports?","answer":"Data"}
{"text":["Yeah. They made clear that their problems with these laws are not about abortion per se, but about interference in the doctor-patient relationship, which is true. And that is their complaint. I would point out that there have been a number of other abortion laws or abortion regulations that they have not been so outspoken on that would have equally interfered with the doctor-patient relationship.","For a little more context, though, how influential is the American Medical Association at this point?","Well, they're still pretty influential in that people see that name and think, oh, the AMA - they represent doctors. But the AMA has represented a smaller percentage of doctors over the years. It is not quite as big and powerful as it used to be. But still, the brand carries some weight, and it carries some weight in Washington and in state capitals.","Doesn't it carry weight precisely because people see it as apolitical?And is this jeopardizing that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : When they say \"these laws are not about abortion per se\" they are actually implying that this particular law IS about abortion, but arguments are being made to indicate otherwise","questions":"What is the main concern of the American Medical Association regarding the abortion laws?","answer":"confusion"}
{"text":["They have indeed. They've been subject to very serious, tough sanctions in the past not just from the United States but from the entire international community. That's involved restrictions on their energy sector, their banking sector and an array of other economic sectors.","How have they gotten around them?","Well, in some instances, they haven't been able to. So during the period of most intensive, multilateral sanctions on Iran - this is 2012 to 2015 - they had great difficulty evading sanctions. It happened here and there, certainly when it came to sales of oil, certain cargoes or bartering - financial bartering - some smuggling activities. But the fear now is that, in an instance where there's unilateral sanctions on Iran, it may have ample opportunity to cheat and evade these sanctions.","Unilateral meaning, of course, just the United States. So it'll be tougher for the sanctions to have any effect if, for example, China or Russia and, let's say, Germany don't go along.","Right, exactly. So right now the European Union, in general, and the E3, in particular, have - that being the United Kingdom, France and Germany - have expressed an interest in maintaining their commitment to the deal. And that means continuing to give Iran economic relief promised to it under the deal. That means potentially violating U. S.  sanctions or creating ways for European companies to not abide by U. S.  sanctions.","And how does the U. S.  respond, at least under this administration?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies that Iran has found ways to evade or circumvent the sanctions, despite their severity.","questions":"How did Iran manage to avoid some of the sanctions imposed on them?","answer":"Evade"}
{"text":["How did you feel when you found out, this summer, about the abuse of children that was going on in Pennsylvania not far from places you knew?","Yeah, it hurt reading the report because I was reading about these parishes that I went to growing up. I was born in '96, so growing up, you would hear kids joke about, oh, you know, priests molesting kids and whatnot. But I never knew that there was actually a - anything behind that. I just sort of thought it was people making fun of a religion. And then I didn't learn, honestly, until recently that the abuse scandal is something that was real and something that the world has known about since - what?- I think it was the early 2000s, whenever the Boston Globe or whatever that newspaper is broke the story. I didn't know that that was a thing. It wasn't something I'd ever been exposed to, so I wasn't really aware of the fact that this is a problem that was going on in my church. You know, it's unthinkable.","And it's hurt your faith?","I think that's a difficult thing to answer. I will say that it has hurt my faith in the Catholic Church. I don't think it has actually hurt my personal, religious faith. I'm just starting to see less of a connection between what I believe and the teachings of the Catholic Church."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Joking about priests molesting children was not taken seriously.","questions":"How did children's jokes about priests molesting children affect PersonA's perception of the abuse scandal?","answer":"b"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . To (unintelligible).","Correct.","So what has changed since then?What has happened now?What's causing these federal charges to be brought now?","I think, you know, a big part of this is, one, the #MeToo movement, but two, a bigger part of this is the Miami Herald's three-part series late last year that sort of got everybody interested in this, including the Daily Beast - and we've been working on this now for a year - that highlighted, one, the non-prosecution agreement, why these girls weren't given their day in court - essentially made the U. S.  Justice Department look bad."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The #MeToo movement, as well as the Miami Herald's series, have caused the U.S. Justice Department to re-examine their handling of the case and brought about the federal charges.","questions":"What caused the federal charges to be brought now?","answer":"#MeToo"}
{"text":["It's good to be here, Tony.","You know, you've been getting pretty hot under the collar about this issue, I understand. Why is it such a concern for you?","It's a concern for me because it's a misunderstanding that a lot of ex-convicts have. If you have a felony it has been in the past that often states do restrict or disenfranchise those who have a felony conviction. Those laws have changed over the years, and now in most states it's no longer the case, or there are means by which you can get your civil rights back. But a lot of people - a lot of ex-convicts or felons that I knew that ended up in my court system simply rested on the false notion that they did not have the ability to vote. And that ended and that kept them from further embracing or engaging in the community, and kept them separate, and apart, and not where they needed to be.","Is it a situation where an ex-felon is allowed - is entitled to have his or her voting rights restored, but the process by which those voting rights are restored is so cumbersome that they either don't know about it or they don't go through it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The ex-convicts need to take an active role in the community and become more involved in order to get their civil rights back.","questions":"What false notion did many ex-convicts that ended up in PersonA's court system rest on?","answer":"Ability"}
{"text":["The protests haven't been as widespread as people have expected. But nonetheless, these protests are continuing. And it's a show and a sign that the world is not standing by Trump and his declaration and his pronouncements and certainly not his positions.","Well - and yet the Saudi crown prince is reported to have urged Mahmoud Abbas, the Palestinian president, to accept a very limited state noncontiguous with most settlements remaining. And we've also heard sort of similar backroom discussions from Egypt and other countries in the region.","Yes. You're absolutely right. There hasn't been a time in - since 1967 where Saudi Arabia has been on the right side when it comes to Palestinian rights. The real question is whether Mahmoud Abbas is going to sign something like that. And as much as he's somebody I criticize and I'm not a fan of, this is not an agreement that I see him signing onto because it doesn't even ensure that Palestinian rights are being protected.","Instead, it legitimates the settlements that are illegal. It removes Jerusalem - Palestinian Jerusalem. And it is effectively doing away with the Palestinian right of return. So this is not something that any Palestinian leader, including Mahmoud Abbas, is going to sign onto."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Saudi Arabia has historically not been supportive of Palestinian rights.","questions":"How has Saudi Arabia historically treated Palestinian rights?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["Sure. I'm glad you mention that. So that is coming through subpoenas to the reporters to reveal the names of their sources. So it's not a direct prosecution of those reporters. But they are - you know, as you mentioned with Judith Miller, it can amount to jail time if the reporter refuses to testify.","So what's happening is that they are being called to testify in the case against the leakers. And when they refuse to do so, they're in contempt of court, and they may face jail time.","That's exactly right. And that is much more acceptable. I should add that under Attorney General Holder - after the James Risen subpoena where James Risen was told he had to testify and refused, the U. S.  government did not push him to testify. They obtained a conviction anyway, and Holder shortly thereafter announced that, under his watch, no reporter would go to jail for doing his job. It remains to be seen whether that same policy would be in place under the Sessions Department of Justice. Everything he's said indicates that he will not follow that policy.","Meaning that he and the Trump administration may indeed prosecute journalists. We've heard Trump himself and other Republicans raising the possibility of prosecuting journalists. Do you think that there is - that that is a possibility?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Journalists may face jail time for refusing to testify against leakers.","questions":"What consequences may journalists face for not providing testimony?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["Yeah.","We were able to test the tongue and found that it is uber soft. It is actually 10 times softer than the human tongue.","Tongue-wise, what does this accomplish?","So the soft tongue and the sticky saliva which exists on the tongue work together to actually increase adhesion. And the frog is able to catch very hairy things, like tarantulas or even other frogs, which are slippery. And it's able to use this amazing tongue with this amazing adhesive to capture things in the blink of an eye."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : ) B: Tongue-wise, what does this accomplish? - Implication: What practical purpose does this serve?","questions":"What specifically about the tongue aids in the frog's ability to capture prey?","answer":"Sticky"}
{"text":["Yes. So I had shut what was left of the door, and I go outside. The waves are, like, 7, 8 feet above me, crashing over my head.","How did you survive that?","So a few days before, my sister made me promise to get a life vest. I said, yeah, yeah, yeah, I'll get one. But I didn't. And I was removing a dock ladder just so it wouldn't get damaged in the storm. And I was removing it, and a life vest floated up to me.","A life vest just came to you. That's incredible."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : crashing over my head means that the waves were so big they were above the person's head.","questions":"Which part of the door did the person shut in turn 0?","answer":"feet"}
{"text":["As a Bears fan, I would also immediately pick on the Green Bay Packers fan.","Right, exactly (laughter) - and, you know, I might finger someone who was wearing a Raiders jersey. But, you know, that's just my unconscious bias, right?And so I leaned on my training, and I just looked for those signs of a potential threat. I engaged him in a conversation. He was able to respond to my questions completely normally. And then once he took his seat, I walked by and I carefully observed him again. He was completely casual. He was not sitting stiffly in any way. He had his headphones on, and he was watching the game. Someone who believes that they are about to die generally doesn't turn on football.","And to recap, using football terms, this was very rare in your flights.","Absolutely - absolutely. More often you'll get biases against people who are larger or mothers with crying children. There's all kinds of cultural issues that you come into contact with. And part of being a flight attendant is understanding what is and is not your job to judge."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The actual meanings of (1) and (3) are different from their literal meanings. In (1), the speaker is implying that he would be prejudiced against a Green Bay Packers fan, rather than simply picking on them","questions":"What team does the speaker in turn 0 have a bias against?","answer":"Green-Bay-Packers"}
{"text":["Well, this was not a deliberate decision of the administration. Just - there were two laws that still exist adopted in the '90s by Congress, which say that if a person becomes a member of any organization international the - it's an automatic suspension of the confidential contribution. So these two laws were triggered by the decision of our general confidence.","Well, I bring up the matter of the debt though because it seems to me any country that was paying its bills would say the United States should be thrown out of UNESCO for owing half a billion dollars.","Well, I will say that to this situation with the suspension, of course, was very unfortunate. And I have raised dozens of times this issue with the U. S.  because, of course, it is not normal that a member of a club does not pay dues. We need this financing very strongly because we implement work and projects in the world. But at the same time, we need also the political commitment of our member states. So at least we had the political commitment. So now, of course, we are losing votes. And this is really deplorable.","UNESCO must have known in July when they declared the old city in Hebron a Palestinian world heritage site that Israel would object because they say that Judaism has a lot of links to Hebron and that this would create problems in the United States."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : that UNESCO needs political commitment from member states, but the actual meaning is that UNESCO needs both financial and political commitment from member states.","questions":"How does UNESCO require commitment from member states?","answer":"Both"}
{"text":[". . . To be biased against the LGBTQ community. What's your response to that?","Well, first of all, my response is - I'll take this from one of the independent people who responded to me saying, that's all I need to know about Beto O'Rourke. And this guy's out shopping for a candidate that he can support. But he said, if Beto doesn't want to come and speak to a group like yours, he goes, I don't need to listen to anything more. When Mayor Pete Buttigieg comes out and says, you know, we're definitely going to consider the invitation, I think that opens up people's minds.","But the other thing I would say - and it's one of the reasons we're doing this forum and inviting Democrats - is instead of casting out rhetoric about, well, these guys believe in one man, one-woman marriage, these guys believe God has a design for sexuality, let's go to what the reality of it is. Even on deep disagreements, I think America needs to see that we can fundamentally disagree without being disagreeable or without being hateful and divisive.","How do you respond to the fact that many people who adhere to other religious traditions - progressive religious traditions or even religious traditions outside of Christianity - consider the current administration demeaning, abusive to people outside of a group of core supporters?And they are troubled and hurt by the fact that white evangelicals are such a strong base of support for this president when he engages in conduct that they consider so hurtful. How should they think about that?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are implying what is your opinion ","questions":"How did PersonB express their concern about the current administration's treatment of people outside of a group of core supporters?","answer":"Opinion"}
{"text":["Sure, you don't want the whole - that to be the second sentence of every every paragraph about you.","O'CONNELL: Yeah, Billie Eilish, who has Tourette's syndrome. . .","Right, which since I announced it, which I only announced it because I was, like, this needs to be cleared up. And of course, I said in that thing that I don't want it to define me or be who I am or whatever. And of course now, it's everything everybody talks about all the time. So it's great. And people keep asking about me about it in interviews.","O'CONNELL: (Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) implies that the speaker is annoyed that the announcement about their Tourette's syndrome has become the focus of attention, even though they had only announced it in order to clear things up.","questions":"Which announcement?","answer":"Tourette's"}
{"text":["This is Day to Day from NPR News. I'm Alex Cohen. One of the world's most celebrated playwrights, Harold Pinter, has died. Pinter was a mainstay on the London theater scene since the 1950s. His works include \"The Birthday Party,\" \"The Homecoming,\" \"The Celebration,\" just to name a few. Harold Pinter won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2005. Here he is accepting that award.","There are no hard distinctions between what is real and what is unreal, nor between what is true and what is false. I think it's not necessarily either true or false. It can be both true and false.","The obscurity of those words is Pinter in a nutshell. His plays were light on plot, often taking place in a single room. Pinter offered no easy explanations for why characters acted the way they did. His dialogue was known mostly for. . .  pregnant pauses. In fact, the word people have come to use to describe that sort of tension in silence is Pinteresque. Here's Pinter in an interview with Charlie Rose, joking about the way some people reacted to his work.","When I went to see a production of my play, \"No Man's Land. \"I went into the bar in the interval. And a man and a woman - I couldn't escape, you know. They stand - stood in dead silence for a while. And then the man said, Oh, well, not as boring as the usual Pinteresque."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Not as boring as the usual implies that typically the plays are boring.","questions":"What word describes the type of tension in silence that is associated with Pinter's plays?","answer":"Tension"}
{"text":["Studios can hold out. They're in bad shape. I mean, they're going to be hurt by this environment economically. But that doesn't mean they can't survive for quite a long time with a strike underway. And that means that people would - I mean, it would just be so devastating; people would lose their jobs. And that wouldn't just be the actors; it would be people who support productions. The actors, unlike the writers, they can close down a movie very quickly. So, it would be an immediate and potentially a long-term and the devastating impact not only for the economy here, but for the Screen Actors Guild if it turned out to backfire.","So, Kim, what happens from here?What's the next steps?","At some point, they can declare an impasse, and the Screen Actors Guild will go to its members and ask for a strike authorization. That requires 75-percent approval of those voting. There certainly are some very high-profile actors - George Clooney, Tom Hanks - who are very opposed to this and who probably would go out there and try to persuade people to vote and vote it down. But with 75-percent approval of those voting, not of the membership, of those voting, that would mean they would have strike authorization and they could initiate a strike.","And if there is a strike, what would that mean for viewers?Does that mean even more hours of reality TV?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : If there is a strike, it would have an immediate and potentially a long-term devastating impact on the economy and for the Screen Actors Guild.","questions":"What impact would a strike have?","answer":"Devastating"}
{"text":["Well, you're a gifted counselor. What do you think it might be?","I think it's triggering our students who have already experienced trauma and secondary trauma, and they've seen things. And we've seen students go through all kinds of emotional reactions during drills - panic and sadness and grief and fear because during those drills, you really don't know what's happening.","Given your history, given what you do now, given how close you come to some of these terrible issues, issues that are often too terrible to contemplate - if there are any one, two or three things you can change or say need to be done right now, what would they be?","I think our schools are doing everything they possibly can to make the environment safe. And I think one of the things that needs to change is it is not a conversation just for our schools anymore. What's happening is our world and our society are now entering our schools. And so we need to address our world and our society."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The emotional toll of safety drills on students is significant and needs to be addressed.","questions":"What is the issue that PersonA believes needs to be addressed beyond just schools?","answer":"Safety"}
{"text":["It is anything that is connected to the web. Dyn says that attacks against their data centers originated from tens of millions IP addresses associated with various web-connected devices, so things like closed-circuit TV cameras, DVRs, routers. And that's pretty new kind of denial of service attack. We've all been buying these new things, connecting them to Wi-Fi. Internet wonks will call this the internet of things. And, you know, experts have been warning that these things are never secure. And, well, this is the most visible example so far of what happens when hackers hijack a tremendous number of them.","Could this attack - could it have originated with a whole collection of gifted technologists or some guy sitting in his Jockey shorts in his studio apartment?","Like I said, we don't know who was behind it. But it was a very complex staged attack that co-opted lots and lots of devices in people's homes. The specific complexity of this issue was that the devices were around the world. And Dyn says that the final incident was finally completed and resolved. As of last night, they had kicked the hackers out of all of their data servers. But of course, now there's this renewed urgency to talk about what happens when we connect all these things through the Wi-Fi without giving much thought to their security.","And quickly, anything people can do to protect themselves?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This is implying that the speaker is asking for advice or suggestions on how to protect oneself from such attacks in the future, rather than just a quick summary of the issue.","questions":"How is the speaker seeking advice on protecting oneself from future attacks?","answer":"advice"}
{"text":["And after a couple of interviews, she got a job there making about the same salary she received at the bank.","Theresa advises everyone looking for work to, as she puts it, network backwards, reach out to former employers. You might get lucky.","Now, here's a guy after my own heart, Mike Parcialli(ph) of Portland, Oregon. He started a cheap, roundtrip shuttle service taking people from the city up to Mt. Hood for a day of skiing.","Now, listeners. Here's what Madeleine likes about this. Mike runs his shuttle van on waste vegetable oil."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : She means to get in touch with people you have known before. The guy is a person that she can like.","questions":"How does Mike run his shuttle van?","answer":"Oil"}
{"text":["Well, we've been calling the local hospitals. We've been following social media, posting missing persons ads. I think my cousin and I are going to be trying to head up there in about a week if we haven't found him and post missing persons on our car and just sort of drive around the areas up there in hopes that maybe we'll get some word.","What's he look like?What should we know about him?","He's a private man. He's lived in Paradise for over 40 years. He's very friendly. He's kind. Long hair, full beard. I guess he's about 5'10\". Thin, maybe 160 to 170 - I would guess somewhere around there.","Yeah. And how are your parents doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : he must be a stranger and this situation some one is missing","questions":"What is the situation in the dialogue?","answer":"Show"}
{"text":["Yes, we have. We haven't canvassed all video game producers. There are a couple of companies that we've worked with in particular. We approach them, and in some cases they have approached us asking for advice. And in one case, we said, hey, would you like to incorporate this in your game?They thought it was a wonderful idea, so we sat down with them and explained some of the basic concerns and maybe some ways that they might want to approach it.","If video games reflect the fact that the rules of war are often flouted, doesn't just reflect what happens in life?","It may reflect what happens in life. At the same time, because they are flouted, we can't throw up our hands and say it's useless. You know, anything is allowable under war. We have to keep insisting on that and we have to keep pushing the notion that there are laws, even in war, and that they must be respected.","And, Mr.  Barrett, I'm sure there's some people listening who might find this very interesting but say but, you know, why doesn't the ICRC do more about Syria?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the ICRC should do more about Syria, but the implied meaning is that some people might find this conversation interesting, but they may ask why the ICRC is not doing more to help with the situation in Syria.","questions":"What is the reason behind some people finding the conversation interesting?","answer":"ICRC"}
{"text":["Yes, I - my mom has a cleaning company, and she cleans for a lawyer here locally. And once she started working there, it just turned into, like, a really big place. Like, it was not easy for her to do by herself, so. . .","You pitch in after school or on weekends or. . .","We took Sundays and sometimes Fridays to clean up the office, which was probably the best days for us because after church, we'd just head towards the office and clean.","And that all went to your quince fund."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Not all scientific beliefs are accurate, even if widely accepted.","questions":"Which day did PersonA and their mom clean the lawyer's office?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, Jodi came to me very strongly. Before I even realized that I was writing a book, I was hanging out with Jodi. And she kind of took up residence in my mind. And I became a little infatuated with her. I started thinking about her all the time. And then the plot and the rest of the story sort of fell into place. I really, actually, kind of felt like I was getting to know her. And so it was a process of realizing what she had been through.","Well, Jodi - without giving too much away - gets out of prison. She meets an interesting woman, Miranda, who has three children, a failing marriage to a has-been country singer and an addiction. What draws them to each other?","She's just gotten out of prison. And she knows, in many ways, that taking up with Miranda is a bad decision. I mean, she kind of looks at her the first night that they're hanging out and tells herself, don't do this. But at the same time, she's drawn to her. I mean, she's physically attracted to her.","But she's also, I think, attracted to the fact that Miranda is bound and determined to enjoy life despite everything that's going wrong. So it's this sort of love of life and determination to make something joyful out of life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A implies that what Jodi had been through inspired his write up.","questions":"What inspired PersonA's write up?","answer":"Jodi"}
{"text":["Should the NSA be held responsible for this?I'm just wondering. The fact that this crown jewel, as you put it, was leaked or stolen and became public, is that their fault?","This is a great question. Actually, there's controversy. So initially, losing control of this hacking tool - and really, thousands of others - was clearly the NSA's fault. But at some point, I guess, their responsibility for criminals reusing what has become public is diminishing. But the problem here is that the U. S.  government - first Obama, then the Trump administration, and of course, also Congress - have never addressed the underlying extraordinary leak that took place that is known as Shadow Brokers, which is arguably the worst security breach the NSA has ever suffered - even worse than the Snowden leak.","It just seems remarkable that something that has such significance and such a power to disrupt people's lives hasn't gotten more attention. Does it seem strange to you?","Well, you know, the story is quite complicated. But I think we have to do better and really understand the Shadow Broker's leak, it's reuse. This is ultimately an attack, if we take the whole thing, that has caused tens of billions of damage to the world economy - billions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Asking whether the NSA should take responsibility for the leak implies the possibility that they might be at fault.","questions":"Which organization's responsibility is being questioned in turn 0?","answer":"NSA"}
{"text":["We had testimony submitted to us this morning in writing by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who engineered - according to the government and himself - the attacks of 9\/11. And he was questioned about the role of Salim Hamdan, and I'll just read you one paragraph from what he answered.","The question was, did Salim Hamdan ever have any role in planning, or carry out, any activities that you either directed or were involved in?, as he was the director of operations. He didn't play any role. He was not a soldier. He was a driver. His nature was primitive. He was a Bedouin one person and far from civilized. He was not fit to plan or execute. But he is fit to change truck tires, to change oil filters, wash and clean cars, and passing cargo and pickup trucks. He could tighten bolts and could select the best maintenance shop.","This is Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, saying this about Hamdan?","That's right. We also had testimony from Waleed bin Attash, and as I understand it, he was responsible, or has boasted his responsibility, for the attack on the USS Cole. And he says Salim Hamdan's activities were distinctively clear, as he was seen driving the cars going and coming every day. His responsibilities were those related to driving, such as mechanical and maintenance and repairs. He was not involved in planning any attacks against the United States."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Similarly, in turn (4), Waleed bin Attash's statement that Hamdan's \"activities were distinctively clear\" and he was \"seen driving the cars going and coming every day\" is not meant to be taken literally. Rather, it is a way for the speaker to emphasize Hamdan's limited role and lack of involvement in planning any attacks against the United States.","questions":"How was Hamdan's role described by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed and Waleed bin Attash?","answer":"Limited"}
{"text":["That was just - what I did, I picked students that I've had in class before. I'm a business education teacher. So I made sure they were students that really were comfortable with the computer and they could get the information that I needed. So I really just gave them - I rented my classroom out for - actually I did it for two Saturdays. And I had five students come in each time. And I just gave them topics that I wanted questions about. And then I just had one or two of those students verify the information, and then I went back over and I verified it as well.","You've got a company now called Jornic DVD Games. What are your plans in terms of the company?Are you going to try and put out more titles?","Absolutely. After - I'm looking at putting out one more title before the Christmas holiday, but I haven't decided. I'm looking at a couple, but I haven't made a decision yet.","You're still going to teach, and you're going to try to design more games. Are you afraid that, you know, are you afraid of losing your shirt in business?Because you know, there's nothing guaranteed."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A picked students he knew were comfortable with computers to get the information he needed.","questions":"How did PersonA choose the students he rented his classroom out to?","answer":"Comfortable"}
{"text":["Right, well, the idea is that you just want somebody to come back to court. That is the point of bail. And so if somebody is low-risk to themselves, low-risk to society and they want themselves to be done and over with this, you know, incident, then you can just remind somebody to come and that will happen. So it could just be a text reminder - don't forget your court date. This is when it is. This is where you show up. And a lot of times that actually works quite well.","Is this part of a trend against bail in this country?","I think it is perhaps the tip of a trend against bail. Advocates have been arguing that we need bail reform for quite a long time.","Why reform?What has been wrong with the bail system up to this point?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Bail reform is a movement to change the way bail works in the criminal justice system. The goal of bail reform is to reduce the number of people who are held in jail before trial because they cannot afford bail","questions":"How does bail reform aim to decrease pre-trial incarceration?","answer":"reminder"}
{"text":["Nick Vlahos, the Peoria Journal Star columnist, points out that in 2015, ConAgra Foods moved its headquarters from Omaha to Chicago. He thinks many executives of what's become a world agricultural industry jet around the globe and just want to live somewhere else, he wrote this week. How are you going to keep them down on the farm after they've seen Kuala Lumpur?","Caterpillar will continue to employ about 12,000 people in Peoria, although Nick Vlahos asks, after all the happy horse pucks the company has propagated about its commitment to Peoria, does anybody believe that?But 300 people, executives and support staff will leave town. In one stroke, Peoria will lose many of the people who help enrich a city's institutions.","I hope Caterpillar's executives will enjoy Chicago's many museums, theaters, symphonies, ballets, sports teams and restaurants in all of the flavors of the world. But who will now buy box seats to cheer the Peoria Chiefs or support the Peoria Symphony - now in the middle of its season - the Peoria Children's Museum, the Corn Stalk Summer Theatre, the Peoria Zoo, the Players Theater - now performing \"Into The Woods\" - and the Peoria Riverfront Museum and its huge glass tank filled with silvery striper, trout, walleye and channel catfish from the Illinois River?","(Singing) Yes, I'm proud to live in Peoria."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : is implying that Caterpillar's commitment to Peoria may not be as strong as they suggested;","questions":"Which company is mentioned in turn 1 as possibly not being fully committed to Peoria?","answer":"Caterpillar"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Most people don't know that. But you lose several days of shelf, whether it's in code or out of code. Or do you leave the milk out on the counter while your kids are having breakfast?There's all kinds of ways in which, if you handled it properly, you extend the life.","Mr.  Rauch, is there any concern among, let's say the people that might own a Trader Joe's or some other food store today, that somehow, your places are going to be potentially under-pricing them?","Well, I think that - well, first, you'd have to ask them. But most of what we'll be selling will be fruits and vegetables, freshly prepared product, stuff that's really not brand-driven. And they're in areas that frankly, are underserved, that - you know, there aren't Trader Joe's in the inner-cities in America, at least to my knowledge."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Mr. Rauch, is there any concern among, let's say the people that might own a Trader Joe's or some other food store today, that somehow, your places are going to be potentially under-pricing them?  - Implied meaning: Is there any concern among owners of Trader Joe's and other food stores that your places will be offering prices that are too low and therefore potentially damaging their business?","questions":"How might Mr. Rauch's places potentially affect other food stores?","answer":"prices"}
{"text":["There's that feeling - I mean, so many of us have parents in the industry. I mean, that's what this region is about, especially around Detroit, and Wayne State's in Detroit, the heart of Detroit. So, it's nerve-racking. Everyone is nervous. Everyone doesn't know what's going to happen next. We're all watching the news very closely. But at the same time, it's interesting, because with my generation, we almost seem to, kind of, not be as directly impacted. I mean, our family is, it puts stress on us, but the day to day of the university and the day to day at school doesn't seem to have changed that much.","I understand you have friends there who are engineering majors. Do they have any sense of what their future looks like, and will be it there in Michigan?","Everybody is secure in their choices and secure in their decision. Everybody thinks that the industry will come around, especially now with the news that GM is getting money from the government. And everybody is more hopeful, and I mean, the auto industry has always been one of the largest industries and a staple in America, and to think that that industry is just going to vanish, nobody is willing to concede that.","Alex Marinica is a junior studying at Wayne State University in Detroit. Thanks so much, Alex."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite being nervous, the speaker finds the current situation interesting","questions":"What feeling does the speaker experience despite being nervous about the current situation?","answer":"Interesting"}
{"text":["It's becoming a new Thanksgiving tradition. This year, like the year before, the newest installment of \"The Hunger Games\" movie franchise \"Mockingjay Part 1\" is an adaptation of the first half of Suzanne Collins third and final book in the series. And with the backdrop of what's been happening in the world, protests in Ferguson, Missouri, and shakeup at the Capitol - Capitol Hill that is. Audiences look for comparisons between the fictitious world of Panem and the real world. We're joined now by Stephen Carter, a professor of law at Yale, a novelist and columnist for Bloomberg View, where he writes regularly on popular culture. Stephen, thanks so much for being back with us.","It's my pleasure, Scott.","I'm just guessing you don't watch \"Hunger Games\" the way a lot of other people do.","You're right. I'm looking for tropes and ideas that are going to leap out of the film into public life. And one that's really striking about the \"Hunger Games\" franchise is how more than really anything else in recent years in popular culture, so many of the symbols - the nation of Panem itself with its deep wealth inequalities, the notion of the Capitol, this barricaded wealthy city and of course, Katniss Everdeen herself, the hero. All of these things have not only leapt into the public imagination, but they are regular features of political argument."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"leapt into the public imagination\" - This phrase means that something has become popular, but it does not literally mean that people have started imagining things.","questions":"What is the name of the hero in \"Hunger Games\"?","answer":"Katniss"}
{"text":["Hi, Tony. How are you?","Listen, people define hate groups in different ways. So two things for you, how does the Southern Poverty Law Center determine if an organization deserves this classification, and what kinds of groups are we talking about here?","Basically, our definition of a hate group is a group which in its platform statements or in the speeches or writings of its leader says that an entire group of other people by virtue of their group characteristics is somehow less. So in other words, a group that says, you know, all black people are criminals, all white people are blue-eyed devils, all the Jews are whatever, is a hate group by our definition.","Are we talking then about the Klan, Nazi skinheads, something different and new perhaps?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Blue-eyed devils\" isn't literal. something people might say to indicate they think white people are evil. But they don't have to have blue eyes or be literal devils.","questions":"Which phrase is not meant to be taken literally?","answer":"Literal"}
{"text":["Greetings.","The WHO says the crisis is worse than they'd estimated. What are you hearing?","Indeed. And Keiji Fukuda of the WHO is warning that the speed and the spread of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa is unprecedented. And he says it has never spread as fast and over such a large area. We're talking about four countries. It started in Guinea and then crossed the border into Sierra Leone and then Liberia with a few cases in Nigeria, Africa's most populous nation. And he cites factors such as families hiding sick relative, as you said, Scott, instead of taking them early to Ebola health centers, which, of course, gives them the best chance of survival. And the WHO describes what it calls shadow zones. That medical workers cannot enter because of resistance from communities. And we've seen problems like that in Liberia - the hardest hit of the countries.","And what countries are blocking entry to travelers and how is that likely to affect them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Literally, turn (4) is asking for information about which countries are blocking entry to travelers and how that will affect them. However, the implied meaning is that B is concerned about the impact of travel restrictions on those countries and possibly on the global effort to contain the Ebola epidemic.","questions":"Which global issue is PersonB concerned about in relation to travel restrictions?","answer":"Ebola"}
{"text":["And let's not forget that that's the heritage that Marissa Mayer comes from; understanding how to make search at Google ever more personal, ever more relevant. If she can do the same thing with news and make it more relevant to you, so that it's not a one-size-fits-all product anymore, that could be a big advance in the form.","So, let's say in a year or two the president of the United States has what - I don't know if it's a tradition - but often he will have lunch with the major network actors. Does Katie Couric have lunch at that same table?","Well, there's two questions there. One, is whether that is the judgment of importance in news. I think that we have to get out of the access game. But I still understand your question, which is will Yahoo be a presence in news as much as the other networks?It might take a while, but there's no reason it couldn't be. You know, there's a great, great blog called SCOTUSblog that covers the Supreme Court like no one else and they are struggling right now to get a credential to the Supreme Court. They do great coverage, highly specialized. And we've got to get past this idea that only big, old institutions are journalistic institutions. We have to work collaboratively with all kinds of new players.","Jeff Jarvis, media analyst and professor of journalism joining us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that Jeff Jarvis is thanking the questioner for having him on the show","questions":"Which person is thanking the questioner?","answer":"Jeff"}
{"text":["The big one was that they died of lead poisoning due to the canning of the canned tin goods. The problem with that - these guys hadn't eaten any tin food. It was only three months into their voyage.","It was a dire situation anyway you look at it. But, of course, in your book, it wasn't dire enough. You throw in an Arctic beast.","I do, an unexplained Arctic beast that we never see. And the reason for that is I wanted something to personify just the terror, the horror of the darkness, the five months of darkness, the terrible cold - 100 degrees below zero - the constricting ice that you had to listen to against the hull, you know, all the time.","What would be the best-case scenario for you if they find which ship it is?What would you like to know?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies the speaker is asking what would make the best outcome for the speaker's book if the identity of the ship was discovered.","questions":"What is the PersonA's desired outcome for their book based on the discovery of the ship's identity?","answer":"Outcome"}
{"text":["Yeah. These were street fights that got very intense at some stage. And what happened is a large group of pro-Russian protesters fled into a building. I guess they were seeking shelter or looking for a place to perhaps launch their own attacks.","And what video footage shows is that protesters - other protesters began throwing Molotov cocktails at the building, which went up in flame. And many of these victims died of smoke inhalation or jumping from windows or - you know, when they were jumping from windows.","And let's try and follow up on a couple of things, too. What happens now that the European military - we can no longer refer to them as hostages. European military monitors have been released. What happens to their mission?","Well, we have to remember that these particular people who were taken captive were not part of the OSCE or - that's the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe - they were not part of this official mission that's supposed to be monitoring what's going on here. And so they will - obviously, they're not going to be back here to do what it was they were doing. They were just monitoring separately. But the OSCE mission is continuing to look at what's happening here."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) A: Well, we have to remember that these particular people who were taken captive were not part of the OSCE or - that's the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe - they were not part of this official mission that's supposed to be monitoring what's going on here. And so they will - obviously, they're not going to be back here to do what it was they were doing. They were just monitoring separately. But the OSCE mission is continuing to look at what's happening here.","questions":"What organization were the captured people not a part of?","answer":"OSCE"}
{"text":["Her fencing tutor, when she is 13, makes her his mistress. Julie says he gave everything I desired and quite a few things I hadn't known existed. Oh, my word.","(Laughter) He was her father's boss. And he was one of the great nobleman of France at the time, a very, very powerful man. And all of a sudden, she was the very young mistress and was moved into Paris so that he could keep her separate from his wife, but she wanted more. And so very quickly she got bored and she ran off with her fencing master.","Yeah. There's a lot of fencing in this book. As soon as I say that, I realize metaphorical but also actual fencing in this book.","Well, I used to fence as a kid. It's one of the reasons I know about her. I fenced all through school and college, but I have to say that I'd - when I'm writing the fencing scenes, I do jump out of my chair and grab a foil - I've still got my old swords - and I act out the scenes for myself just to make sure that they make sense."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Well, I used to fence as a kid. It's one of the reasons I know about her. I fenced all through school and college, but I have to say that I'd - when I'm writing the fencing scenes, I do jump out of my chair and grab a foil - I've still got my old swords - and I act out the scenes for myself just to make sure that they make sense.  The implied meaning here is that the author's statement \"I act out the scenes for myself just to make sure that they make sense\" suggests that the author physically performs the movements and actions of fencing while writing the fencing scenes in the book. It implies that the author engages in a form of role-playing or physical enactment to ensure the authenticity and realism of the fencing scenes.","questions":"Which physical activity does the author engage in while writing fencing scenes?","answer":"Fencing"}
{"text":["So it's sort of the end of era, then, for all of us who have seen him and visited the Galapagos and got to watch him poke around a little bit. It's sort of the end of an era.","It is definitely the end of an era, and everyone down here on last Sunday, when we got the news, it was a very difficult time for all of us both for the individual Lonesome George and for the fact that we lost this subspecies forever.","It also was an interesting thing here because it kind of reinforced the importance of the work we do and the future and trying to ensure that no other species or subspecies are lost in Galapagos. And the timing itself is interesting, as we have an international workshop planned for next week that is convened by the Galapagos National Park and part-organized by Galapagos Conservancy to discuss the tortoise situation on all of the islands and look at the next 10 years of research and management leading to better tortoise population restoration throughout the archipelago.","Have you been able to restore the populations to any extent?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Have you been able to restore the populations to any extent?\" This turn has a literal meaning. It asks whether any progress has been made in increasing the population of the tortoises.","questions":"What is the topic of the international workshop planned for next week?","answer":"Tortoises"}
{"text":["So wait, you're saying to invest in fat?","Well, exactly. Or to invest in companies that prevent that fat. So that's one potential demographic change. The amount of chocolate consumed worldwide is greater every year, particularly, you know, as you have a lower class in China that's moving towards the middle class.","The problems with clean water in these urban areas is getting larger and larger every year. For instance, right now, just about 50 percent of all hospital beds worldwide are filled with people suffering from clean-water-related diseases or unclean-water-related diseases. So making investments based on these trends and the others I discuss in the book could be enormously profitable in the long run.","Does the fact that this economy, which seems to just take hit after hit after hit, and it seems to be heading straight into a recession if not worst, does that at all change the advice that you give?And presumably, you wrote this book before all the really bad news hit."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning is that A is suggesting investing in companies related to the growing middle class in China.","questions":"Which demographic change is PersonA suggesting to invest in?","answer":"Middle"}
{"text":["That will vary tremendously among fields, but the simple story is, it'll take awhile. So, even the most wildly optimistic assessment would say that, even if we started drilling now, we won't really see any oil for five years. So, the U. S.  Geological Survey looked at, for example, the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, and even if we started drilling today, we wouldn't really start to produce significant quantities of oil for a decade.","Robert, I know you're familiar with the ongoing debate about energy resources in this country. What we should do?Drill now?Don't drill now?You're a nonpartisan. You're a scientist. How do you view this argument between, really, the Republicans and the Democrats?","You know, the question for this country, for policy is, how will we ensure that we have energy over the next 20 years?To do that, we have a finite amount of capital that we can invest in the energy industry. It's highly unlikely that investing that money in offshore oil and gas drilling will ensure that we have sufficient supplies of energy 10 and 20 years from now. We've tried that experiment in the past. Despite all those wells drilled, domestic oil and gas production continued to decline. So, in hindsight, that money was not effectively spent.","Robert Kaufmann, director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Studies at Boston University. Robert, thank you.","Oh, you're welcome."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Investing in offshore oil and gas drilling may not effectively ensure sufficient energy supplies in the future.","questions":"How can investing in offshore drilling ensure sufficient energy supplies in the future?","answer":"Cannot"}
{"text":["So off I went to Moscow with a couple of colleagues to talk about how intelligence services should work in democracies. And I found myself sitting in the Lubyanka, their headquarters, which over the years had been sort of prison death cell torture chamber, facing a long line of KGB officers and talking to them about democratic oversight and such things. It was certainly one of the strangest events of my working life I think.","(Laughter) Forgive me, but this is a week to ask - do you think they took good notes?Were they paying attention to this democracy?","(Laughter) No, I don't think they were actually. They looked at us with rather hard, cynical eyes. And I wrote somewhere that it seemed to be like two wild animals surveying their prey but not being able to get at them. But I don't think they were particularly interested in all this oversight and democracy stuff, no.","And may I ask you, just based on your experience and the way you survey events, what does Russia want these days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using subtext or implications to communicate something that they don't feel comfortable saying outright, but the listener may need to read between the lines to understand their true meaning.","questions":"What might the speaker be trying to convey through their use of subtext?","answer":"Implications"}
{"text":["Am I wrong to see in this novel a theme that the relics we worship are often no more than making a choice among frauds?","You know, Frederick - he had 19,000 of these things.","Yeah.","You know, everything. Frederick was called Frederick the Wise. This was a very learned man. And you think, well, wait, you know, how could he have really thought this was, you know, the - a strand of Jesus's hair or a piece of straw?And the answer is, I suspect he didn't in his heart of hearts, but his - the overriding theology, if you will, was I think he thought that if relics make people more pious, where's the harm?I'm attracted to that notion. If it - if belief in a, you know, a bone leads you to praying to be a better person - how quickly I descend into truism - where's the harm?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Frederick the Wise was so learned and yet he still believed in the power of relics, suggesting that people can be misguided even when they are very knowledgeable.","questions":"What was the name of the person who believed in the power of relics despite being knowledgeable?","answer":"Frederick"}
{"text":["At the Melbourne Zoo, the monkeys are no longer allowed to eat bananas. And the pandas are getting pellets instead of plums. In fact, fruit has been phased out completely. That's because the fruit that humans have selectively bred over the years has become so full of sugar the zoo's fruitarian animals were becoming obese and losing teeth. So how did fruit get so sugary?And what does that mean for us humans?We're putting those questions to food writer and author Frederick Kaufman, who joins us now. Welcome to the program.","Oh. Hi. How are you?","I'm great. Thanks. So how has fruit changed since humans intervened in this process?","Well, listen. Since about 10,000 years ago in the origin of agriculture, human beings have been messing around with the sex life of plants. What you're looking at is natural varieties, which are puny, which are tasteless, which have no smell. And the farmers were like, we can do better than this. And they started crossbreeding almost from the get-go."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Humans began changing the way plants spread and grew.","questions":"What did humans start doing to plants 10,000 years ago?","answer":"Crossbreeding"}
{"text":["And one more email.","And one more email, yeah. And it was quite literally the last email that I opened. And the email said, basically, Dear, Mr.  Feuer. Ever since I saw your story on the other Alan Feuer one year ago, I've been meaning to get in touch with you. I didn't want to do so while Alan was alive. Now, that he has passed away, would you like to know the truth about his background?","Well, you know, she - this woman who was, in fact, Alan's step niece. So, you know, imagine a, you know, a niece coming in by second marriage essentially. She went on to kind of flash out the family relationships, and she told me that while this life of grand society that I, in fact, had witnessed myself was absolutely true, the sort of back story that Alan had held up - Austrian blue blood, you know, mother live too long - all these stuff was, in fact, not true. And she said that, you know, if I wanted to get in touch with her, she would tell me, in fact, what the truth was. So I got in touch with her.","And this is a story of a man not from Austria but, in fact, born in Brooklyn and raised in Westchester?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Someone wants to reveal the truth about Alan's background after his death.","questions":"What did the email say?","answer":"Truth"}
{"text":["Yes, far more often. And I'm not sure we fully understand why. In this particular - the latest case, the president said he was not informed until 24 hours before Shanahan pulled out. That was just hard to believe. It's either that reflects gross incompetence on the part of his team in not telling him, or he's lying about it and\/or some combination thereof. But we don't know the answer to that.","What we do know is there has been a pattern of withdrawals from nominations that were not fully vetted, or some things popped up at the last minute. You know, both the person nominated that the president wanted to be Army secretary and the person he wanted to be Navy secretary were both knocked out by disclosures that had not come up in the early vetting.","So who's supposed to find this stuff out in the early vetting?Whose responsibility is it?","There are two institutions that are responsible, take primary lead for it - nominees who require Senate confirmation. One first and foremost is the White House working in conjunction with the Internal Revenue Service, working as well with the FBI to do a thorough financial, legal and personal conduct - and that includes domestic violence - kind of search. While that is underway - and it can take a number of weeks - the Senate itself takes up a background check. And so it's almost shocking that the senators are saying they didn't know.","Every administration has some level of dysfunction. But in a White House that is running somewhat more smoothly than this one, how would this work when it's a well-oiled machine or something close to it?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The senators should have known about the nominees' background check","questions":"How many institutions are responsible for the background check of nominees requiring Senate confirmation?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["Yeah. I know Chicken Street. But tell us what you saw at the site of the bombing.","When I heard it, I came out from the store, and I immediately saw people running from the direction of (unintelligible) the smoke billowing into the air. So I walked in the opposite direction towards the smoke. And the closer I got, the more damage there was - obviously, broken windows further away from it - and then closer to it, you know, cars on fire and completely crushed by the force of the explosion.","And then at the ground zero of the site, you know, a number of bodies that was in the immediate vicinity - I saw probably 12 to 15, all, you know, really just mangled and - you know, almost as if they were melted together. It was just a pile of bodies - you know, most of them dead, some of them still alive. I even told one man who was trying to make a phone call, you know, in this morass of bodies.","And then all around, there was, you know, the usual chaos that infuse these attacks - security forces running around with their weapons drawn, general chaos, smoke and noise, car alarms, and, you know, small explosions of oxygen tanks and petrol tanks exploding. And, you know, within a few minutes, you have these - I guess you'd call them first responders - rushing in to take the injured and the dead away."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"the closer I got, the more damage there was\" - the speaker is not referring to physical damage to themselves, but rather to the increasing destruction they observed as they approached the site of the bombing.","questions":"What was the state of the bodies the speaker saw at the ground zero?","answer":"Increasing"}
{"text":["You can point to the same thing in income, in housing, across the board. And if we're not investing very specifically to deal with that, we can continue to expect to see these inequalities to persist.","You are also arguing for a constitutional amendment that would ban the death penalty.","That's right.","Why is this part of a plan to empower black America?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Advocating for the abolition of the death penalty can empower black America","questions":"Which advocacy can benefit black America?","answer":"Death"}
{"text":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The people in the bar were either ignorant or supportive of the war criminal Radovan Karadzic, which is concerning.","questions":"How were the people in the bar reacting to the man's performance?","answer":"Applauded"}
{"text":["And so these two ally's ships were absolutely overmatched. Rooks did not try to avoid the battle; he offered himself to it. And in the end these two allied ships were absolutely overwhelmed by the power that fell upon them - Japanese torpedoes and shells, hitting them left and right. The Houston was finally hit by four torpedoes, which opened up her hull to the sea and the ship slowly began to settle in about 140 feet of water to the site of the wreck that the Navy's exploring today.","And could you tell us, please, about the ship's chaplain because he won the Navy Cross.","He did. Commander George Rentz was the oldest man on the ship. He was 59 years old on the night the Houston was sunk. He was clinging to a pontoon that belonged to one of the Houston's floatplanes. This pontoon was riddled by shrapnel, was taken on water, but it was literally a life raft for about a dozen or more Houston sailors.","He said to the sailors who were with him, he said, you men are young. I've lived the major part of my life; I'm willing to go."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: please tell us about the significance of the ship's chaplain and the award he won","questions":"What award did the ship's chaplain win?","answer":"Navy-Cross"}
{"text":["I think it's just incredibly boneheaded that there is any attempt to not reveal absolutely everything that's going on. Because there's such - just potential for, if not impropriety or corruption, at least the appearance of that. So, I don't understand why the Fed isn't being more forthcoming.","But if you look at the actual TARP program, that's the Treasury. They've taken the 700 billion, and of that, they have already allocated about 290 billion. 125 billion went to the nine huge banks that basically had the capital shoved down their throats. And then another 125 effectively went to a lot of other banks that signed up quickly. And then 40 billion has gone to AIG.","So, there's really only 60 billion of that first tranche left. And then Hank Paulson will have to go to Congress, and say, OK, please give me the next 350 billion.","And so what were the conditions under which that first tranche was paid out?In other words, what do we know about what happened with that money?","Well, what we know is that the way it was originally sold to the public and to Congress was, this will enable the banks to lend again, and so we need to give them money. And really, within minutes of the plan being announced, you had a lot of the major banks' CEOs, like Merrill's John Thain, come out and say, look, we've got more important priorities, which is basically saving our firms."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The banks that received TARP funds didn't necessarily need them to lend again","questions":"What was the original purpose of TARP funds according to the banks' CEOs?","answer":"Lend"}
{"text":["I think the purpose of the announcement today was, at least to some extent, about the huffing and puffing that Ilan Goldenberg mentioned in the prior commentary. But it's also, I think, a reaction to some sense that there was an appearance that the policy had begun to soften a bit because of the president's decision not to retaliate and some of his seemingly conciliatory rhetoric over the weekend.","Right. So after a year or so of what the Trump administration describes as a maximum pressure campaign on Iran, how do you increase the pressure from maximum, I guess, is the question.","Well, and that's the dilemma that the administration is beginning to face - that once you've sanctioned all of the major industries and sectors of the Iranian economy, there's very little that you can do that's not already redundant or just largely incremental. It also, I think, highlights the fact that the Iranian economy - what's left of it - has become more insular and less interconnected, which means whatever economic activity continues in Iran today is going to be more resilient to U. S.  penalties.","Now, the White House says this is all a means of getting Iran to the negotiating table. Do you think these steps are likely to do that, likely to have that effect?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the huffing and puffing\" and \"soften a bit\" are figurative expressions whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.","questions":"Which expressions are mentioned in turn 0 whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings?","answer":"Huffing,Puffing"}
{"text":["So two days ago, we were notified by our sheriffs, the Palm Beach County sheriff, through the Broward County sheriff. I believe they were notified by Border Patrol that 135 people will be sent each week to Broward County and Palm Beach County. The sheriffs then turned and notified myself as mayor of the county. And with that notification came no instructions on sheltering these people, feeding these people, housing these people, determining the health of anybody. Just, here's 135 people coming every week. Good luck. That's basically what the message has been.","What was your initial reaction to that?","Pretty much disbelief. Normally, when anything happens like this, the federal government contacts the state government, the state government then will contact the local county government, like us. In this situation, no protocol. There's been nothing communicated in those channels. We've contacted the governor's office. They have no idea. We contacted our U. S. Senators Scott and Rubio. They had no idea. We contacted our congresspeople. Nobody was informed by the Trump administration about any of this.","And did you get the sense that this is a done deal - this was not, like, a draft plan or a trial balloon?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : I think \"trial balloon\" refers to an event being on a provisional basis to see what effects it will have.","questions":"How was \"trial balloon\" defined?","answer":"Provisional."}
{"text":["Well, I'm going to try to make this as succinct as possible. But it's a complicated game of musical chairs. Next in line to take over the governor's job would be the local secretary of state. But that position has been vacant for the past two weeks because the former secretary of state resigned his position because he was involved in the original leaked chat that led to the governor's resignation.","Oh, the same scandal got the next - the second in line before it got the first guy. OK, go on.","Right. And then it would be Wanda Vazquez's turn. But as we've seen, she's a controversial figure, and she has already expressed her desire that she doesn't want the job. After that, it would be the Treasury secretary's turn. But he's been in his post for less than a month after Governor Rossello fired his predecessor for publicly denouncing corruption schemes within the Puerto Rican Treasury without first consulting with the governor's office. So the problem with the current Treasury secretary is that he's 31 years old and doesn't meet the minimum age requirement to be governor. . .","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Referring to a complicated game of musical chairs, not an actual game but referring to the fact that anyone could take the spot, similar to the game of musical chairs. ","questions":"Which game is being referred to by A?","answer":"Musical"}
{"text":["So I - you either roll your eyes or you laugh at what politicians will do in support of their most fundamental instincts, which as I said is to preserve their own political viability.","It strikes me as not being all that different from what the Chinese badminton team did to try to get a better opponents in the next round.","Well, except there's one difference, right?The badminton team got thrown out of the Olympics. And in this one, if it works, you get elected to the U. S.  Senate.","It's also interesting, Senator McCaskill has said previously she's going to be much too busy campaigning to go to the Democratic National Convention to be photographed, presumably, with President Obama. She doesn't want to do that. I would think, now, congressman Akin may find himself much too busy to go to Tampa."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Suddenly they started talking about Chinese Badminton teams","questions":"Which Olympic event did the Chinese team get thrown out of?","answer":"Badminton"}
{"text":["And in addition to all else, the administration's actually delaying an entire piece of the website for another entire year?","That's right. Small businesses were supposed to be able to sign up online to enroll their employees through the federal website starting this month. That was already delayed from October 1st. Now, that won't happen online until next November. They can still compare plans online but they'll have to use paper applications and go through an insurance broker or an agent or an insurance company directly, unless they're one of a handful of states that actually has its small business exchange up and running. The administration's been pretty candid about this. They've said their top priority is to make the website work for consumers first. Pretty much everything else taking a back seat.","NPR's Julie Rovner. Thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In (2), the speaker is discussing the delay in the implementation of an online enrollment system for small businesses through the federal website. While the speaker is providing a factual description of the delay, the implied meaning is that this delay is causing inconvenience and frustration for small business owners who now have to resort to paper applications and other means to enroll their employees. The speaker also suggests that the administration's priority is to make the website work for consumers first, implying that the needs of small businesses are not being prioritized.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of the delay in the implementation of the online enrollment system for small businesses?","answer":"Prioritization"}
{"text":["What would be risky about it, from the Nicolas Maduro point of view?","Well, there'd certainly be retaliatory measures from the U. S. , very likely more sanctions. There would be a massive outcry from Guaido's dozens of other international allies. The EU's warned that this would be a major escalation in tensions. And there'll be a lot of anger from the multitude of Guaido's supporters here in Venezuela.","Guaido himself says that any attempt by Maduro's government to detain him would be - as he put it - without doubt, one of that government's last mistakes. So we don't know, Steve. I mean, it's not clear that Maduro's concluded that he's in a strong enough position to do this. But it is a possibility.","And I guess we don't know if Guaido intends to go to a border crossing and present his passport or if he intends to sneak in some way. Is it known what path he plans to take?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning is discussing the possibility of Maduro's government detaining Guaido, but the implied meaning is that Guaido is confident in his own safety and that Maduro's government is unstable.","questions":"Which government is described as unstable in the dialogue?","answer":"Maduro's"}
{"text":["For smart kids. We're talking with Laura Overdeck on SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. Her book is \"Bedtime Math: A Fun Excuse to Stay Up Late. \"Do you think grown-ups can enjoy it, to learn something when they're reading this to their kids?","Oh, sure. We actually have a whole crowd of adults who follow our website who do them as a brainteaser.","Mm-hmm. Do the kids fall asleep if they're thinking about a math problem?Does it get them sleepier or keep them awake?","You know, I'll tell you, I have three really lively children, so if it can calm them down, it can help anybody. That might have been, actually, how we started doing it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the adults do the math as a way to get their brains stimulated.","questions":"Which activity do the adults do as a brainteaser?","answer":"Math"}
{"text":["Yeah. It actually shows how complex something that sounds simple would actually work. On its face, it sounds like something wonderful. A Chinese company is going to spend $500 million to revitalize this shuttered General Motors plant, bring back all these jobs that had left this community. But what ends up happening is there's a clash between work cultures. Chinese workers think the Americans are lazy and don't grasp the training fast enough. And the American workers feel they're not respected by the Chinese and that the Chinese don't have appropriate regard for environmental and safety regulations.","And so what ends up happening is a lot of the high-ranking Americans get dismissed and they're replaced by Chinese workers. And the company - the factory begins to operate much more like a Chinese plant. And these workers that had so much optimism suddenly find that they're in a job that's much different than they imagined. And we have a clip of one worker talking about that. Let's check it out.","UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #2: The conditions are not favorable - doing the same thing over and over again. And so it's - you think about whether you have the stamina and the will to do this type of job.","One thing that's really interesting about this movie is that former President Barack Obama and former first lady Michelle Obama have their name on this movie in a sense because it was produced by their production company Higher Ground. Do we know anything about how involved they were?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The phrase \"operate much more like a Chinese plant\" implies that the factory is operating with a different set of values and practices that are more aligned with Chinese work culture, rather than simply taking on physical characteristics of a Chinese factory.","questions":"How does the factory operate?","answer":"Differently"}
{"text":["And what Kansas has done is to try to turn things around once again so that not every parolee who runs afoul of an administrative rule, is immediately shipped back to prison, but instead is given another chance. And actually, the parole officer will work with them to try to keep them out of prison, as opposed to just trying to lock them - lock the cuffs on them as fast as possible.","Well, Jennifer, great to talk to you. Thank you.","Thanks so much, Farai.","Jennifer Gonnerman is the author of \"Life on the Outside: The Prison Odyssey of Elaine Bartlett. \"She wrote the article, \"Slammed: Welcome to the Age of Incarceration. \"It's the lead article in a special edition of Mother Jones magazine examining America's prison system. And she joined us from our NPR Studios in New York."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Not every parolee who violates an administrative rule will be sent back to prison","questions":"Which administrative rule?","answer":"Legal."}
{"text":["Good morning.","Jason, there's still no power on much of the island, which is astounding. It's five weeks now. What is it like?What have you seen to undertake a recovery from a hurricane when you still don't have power?","And part of what is crazy is it's not just Hurricane Maria. Hurricane Irma came through here two weeks before that. So there's some people who've been almost two months without power. But people are making an effort. They're out there. I see people, you know, cleaning up by hand. People are out there with hand tools trying to, you know, cut 2-by-4's to rebuild things when, you know, they don't have power tools. You've got people who are living in high-rises. It's kind of amazing sometimes walking around at night here in San Juan. You got these tall buildings. And you'll just see some candles flickering in the - and that's the only light in this entire high-rise.","I went out last night, actually, to try to catch some of the World Series. And some of the bars are starting to reopen. But everywhere that you go, the only power that people have is running off of generators or running off of some solar power. You really do not see people getting much power from the grid."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Despite the lack of power, the people on the island are doing what they can to recover and rebuild.","questions":"How are the people on the island responding to the lack of power?","answer":"Recovering"}
{"text":["I think everything that I do and I try to do in my life is to thank them because they do so much for me on a daily. And I just want to show them how grateful I am because I truly am grateful. It's, like, a lot of sacrifices going to my quince. A lot of things had to get put on hold. And to be able to, like, have that quince and to be able to do all that - I just wanted to be as thankful as I could during the whole process. And I live for them, basically. Everything I do for them is, like, a hundred percent, kind of.","Matt, this topic was new to you. What did you learn about Latino culture?","O'NEILL: There's so many different facets of a quinceanera, from the baile sorpresa, the surprise dance, to the last doll, to the replacing of the heels - you know, the - giving the first gift of heels. And all those details I hadn't known about quinceaneras or this aspect of Latino culture. But I think the thing that became most clear is that at the core of these ceremonies is familial love, and that's what you see celebrated in each of the four films. And it's a universal aspect of human life. And Latino, Irish, every culture pours so much into their children, and that's what you see through these quinceaneras.","Rosi Alvarez is featured in the new HBO series \"A Quinceanera Story\" directed by filmmaker Matt O'Neil. Thanks to you both for sharing this project."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The celebration of familial love is at the core of quinceaneras, a universal aspect of human life that every culture pours into their children.","questions":"Which aspect of human life is celebrated in each of the four films featured in the HBO series \"PersonA Quinceanera Story\"?","answer":"Love."}
{"text":["Absolutely not - no deal. You know, Congress recognized, when the Environmental Protection Agency was established in 1970, that California was the first to set their own car standards, even before we had a federal agency dealing with air pollution. And they have allowed California, for the last 50 years, to set emission standards that are more stringent than the federal government. So California has been the laboratory of innovation when it comes to reducing emissions from cars.","Is the auto industry essentially telling the Trump White House it's going to be - it's going to create market instability for us to have to manufacture according to U. S.  national standards and California national standards?","That's one of the issues. But it's more than that. Because if the Trump administration moves forward rolling back the standards, California and 18 other states that reflect more than 50% or 60% of the car sales in the country will challenge that decision in courts. And it will take three to four years. . .","Oh."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : So California has been where innovation has been occuring and tested.","questions":"Which state has been the laboratory of innovation when it comes to reducing emissions from cars?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["So there were a couple of feuds on the blog this week. Break them down for us.","Well, I'll start with the more-amusing one: Aretha Franklin versus Beyonce and Beyonce's dad. So flash back to last week's Grammys. Beyonce introduced her duet partner, Tina Turner, as the queen. Aretha Franklin, the reigning Queen of Soul, was none too pleased and released a statement saying it was a cheap shot for controversy. Beyonce's dad\/manager responded, saying Franklin's statement was ridiculous.","Now, most people on our blog seem to agree. C.  Cody(ph) wrote: Re-re(ph) should have exercised her right to remain queen by remaining silent; and Willis Page(ph) had his own beef with Ms.  Franklin. He wrote: I've had tickets to see Aretha Franklin three times, and three times she has cancelled in different cities. How about being mad at the title of Queen of No-shows?","And then the other big feud this week was between Tavis Smiley and Michelle Obama. Journalist Tavis Smiley invited Barack Obama to speak at his annual State of the Black Union. Obama declined, saying he had to campaign, but he offered to send his wife, Michelle, in his place. Tavis Smiley essentially said no thanks."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Tavis Smiley declined Michelle Obama's offer to speak at his event in place of Barack Obama.","questions":"What was the name of the person who declined Michelle Obama's offer to speak at his event?","answer":"Tavis"}
{"text":["Oh, the case is certainly not closed. Don't forget. You have the inspector general that will be issuing the report very soon on the whole origin of this claim backed up by the Steele dossier that the president was colluding with the Russians. We now know the Steele dossier was a complete fabrication.","We should note Mueller declined to take questions on that today, so we didn't get any light shed on that today. Go on.","Correct. And right behind that, we have the U. S.  attorney's office investigating misconduct in both the intelligence and justice agencies. And we expected that to come out. And it has to because this is the use of the most powerful agencies in the federal government. And if, as is now becoming apparent, they were being used not by the Russian government but by the American government first to influence the 2016 election - and having failed that, to then undermine the duly elected president - that is a major development in American history. And we have to get on top of it.","Republican Congressman Tom McClintock of California - Congressman, thanks so much.","My pleasure. Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : case closed meaning sufficiently looked into and dismissed","questions":"What report will be issued very soon by the inspector general?","answer":"Origin"}
{"text":["There were. There were. There were.","Who were they?","Jefferson and I don't have the full list, but there were some other people who did declare.","Well, I was not aware that there had been a big rush yesterday.","Yeah. Well, I mean, it's not just among the CBC, although there were other members besides yourselves but also in general. You saw this momentum. Do you think that there is an effort to really try to pull together around the presumptive nominee?And to. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : This implies that B is aware that there are some other people who are trying to join hands and support the nominee.","questions":"Which nominee?","answer":"Nominee"}
{"text":["And this could sound obvious, and this could sound like a no-brainer. But the reality in Mexico is that whenever a journalist is killed, investigators - their first reaction is to always try to find a motive that is not related to journalistic work. So they find any other motive - economic motive or maybe a passion motive, anything except journalistic work because they don't want to admit that they have a problem of press freedom in their hands. But I think in this case it is really obvious why Javier Valdez was killed.","Yeah. This is going to sound naive. But why do you think it's important to do stories like that?I mean, drug cartels - people often prefer just to look the other way - don't they?","Well, yes. But if you don't report on them, then nobody else will. And it is not just the stories about the drug cartels. It is the stories about the consequences that they are unleashing in Mexican public life in every level. I live in a city that, for years, was the turf in a turf war between two drug cartels. And the effects of the violence that they unleashed was devastating for the city because investment never came in. Jobs were not created. Nightlife shut down. People stopped going out on the street. We all started to distrust from one another. Neighborhoods began putting up gates and fences, and so it was really disruptive.","Your newspaper was attacked, wasn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"the consequences that they are unleashing in Mexican public life in every level\" - the literal meaning is the results or outcomes that are being released or let loose, but the actual meaning is the negative effects that are impacting Mexican society at all levels.","questions":"How would you describe the impact of drug cartels on Mexican public life according to turn 2?","answer":"Negative"}
{"text":["Wow.",". . . Actually the night he died. So he was a very well-respected young person by our staff, by our students and our community. And, you know, it was a very shame that that did happen.","I'm so impressed. I gather the youngsters themselves in your school came up with the idea of electing them king and queen. I got to tell you. . .","Yeah, you know, you think about social media as something that's bad sometimes. Well, they - her friends and his friends kind of started a little social media thing and the adults weren't even totally aware. And they wanted to - they wanted to have them be king and queen. Now, it wasn't, you know, the whole school. It wasn't everybody. It was a very tight group of kids that really. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Yeah, you know, you think about social media as something that's bad sometimes. Well, they - her friends and his friends kind of started a little social media thing and the adults weren't even totally aware. And they wanted to - they wanted to have them be king and queen. Now, it wasn't, you know, the whole school. It wasn't everybody. It was a very tight group of kids that really... Implicated Meaning: A is challenging a common perception or assumption about social media. The phrase \"you think about social media as something that's bad sometimes\" implies that there is a negative generalization or stereotype associated with social media. A is suggesting that this perception is not always accurate or applicable in every situation. The phrase \"the adults weren't even totally aware\" implies that the adults were unaware of the social media activity initiated by the friends of the individuals in question. It suggests a level of secrecy or exclusivity among a specific group of kids. The phrase \"they wanted to have them be king and queen\" implies that the group of kids had a desire or intention to elect the individuals as king and queen, which may have been unexpected or unconventional.","questions":"What was the perception being challenged by PersonA about social media?","answer":"Bad"}
{"text":["President Obama faces increasing pressure to intervene in Syria, where the civil war has killed an estimated 70,000 people and displaced more than a million more. Artillery, tanks and anti-aircraft fire - and aircraft fire on civilians, and now there are reports that nerve gas has been used as well. The U. S.  would justify any action as a humanitarian intervention to protect civilians, the same ground cited in Bosnia, Somalia, Iraq and Libya. And as those instances suggest, the president faced tremendous risks and very little prospect of reward. That's the conclusion of Gary Bass, a professor of politics in international affairs at Princeton University. He's the author of \"Freedom's Battle: The Origins of Humanitarian Intervention,\" and he joins now via Skype from his home in New York. Good of you to be with us today.","Thank you.","And it's hard to talk about this topic without bringing up Syria, where the president is being asked to intervene under pressure to do so.","That's right. And increasingly, people are talking about it. Seventy thousand dead, how can this go on day after day?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the same ground cited\" implies the same reasons cited.","questions":"What did the U.S. justify their action in Syria as?","answer":"Cited"}
{"text":["Do you think that this case is going to spur new changes to procedure or to policy regarding migrant care?","Investigations into this latest migrant death are still ongoing. The FBI, local police, CBP all have their own investigations, which may eventually shed some more light on what exactly went wrong here. But I think we're already hearing calls for these agencies to just follow the law and hand over migrant children to Health and Human Services within 72 hours as they are supposed to do. For their part, the agencies say they're trying to comply, but they need more resources. Not only are these Border Patrol stations overwhelmed, but the migrant shelters that are overseen by HHS are also near capacity.","One more thing - today the president appointed an immigration hard-liner, Ken Cuccinelli, to a post inside the Homeland Security Department. How could this affect immigration policy?","Right. This is the former attorney general of Virginia who ran for governor on a hard-line immigration platform a few years ago. He's already been a White House adviser on immigration. He has advocated for sending more troops to the border and stopping the migrant caravans that were a big story last year. Now Cuccinelli is going to have a formal role inside the Department of Homeland Security.","To me, this shows that President Trump is doubling down on his crackdown on immigrants that is likely to be a central focus of his 2020 reelection campaign. Though of course, as immigrant advocates point out, that strategy seems to have backfired, at least in part, when Republicans lost the House in last year's midterm elections.","That's NPR's Joel Rose. Joel, thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : President Trump's immigration policy may have hurt Republican's midterm election results","questions":"How did President Trump's immigration policy affect the midterm election results for Republicans?","answer":"Lost"}
{"text":["Thanks for allowing me to be on your show.","You didn't have kind words for Donald Trump in that interview, but why did you think Democrats who want to impeach him are misguided?","I've sat through impeachment. I understand that it's not a walk in the park. It takes a supermajority to impeach a president, and it's just not going to happen. And I think that we would be better off focusing on health care, the huge, huge amounts of money in politics that is ruining the body politic, climate change, which is sweeping the world.","So what I think you're saying is you need to - the Democrats have to have another message that isn't solely about removing the president."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Democrats wanting to impeach Trump is not a good idea and they should focus on other issues.","questions":"What did PersonA say is ruining the body politic?","answer":"Money"}
{"text":["What do your members want?","Well, they want the right to sit down and negotiate their terms and conditions of employment with the university. And just like any other workers, they have serious concerns about the way they're paid, how much they're paid, what their benefits are and how they resolve problems on the job. So these workers, you know, see an advantage to having the opportunity to sit down as equals at the bargaining table.","It sounds like they want more money and more benefits?","Well, certainly, those are key issues. But they're not the entire set of issues that they have, you know?There have been longstanding problems at the university in, you know, getting paid on time, getting ability to resolve a problem with your supervisor, dealing with issues of sexual harassment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The workers are looking for more than just monetary benefits and want to ensure they are being treated fairly and have the right to negotiate their terms.","questions":"How do the workers want to be treated?","answer":"Fairly"}
{"text":["Meanwhile, they put in 40 gigawatts of coal. So renewables are great, but for the developing world, they're still too expensive. And so China and India are going the way they can afford. We can't criticize them for that, and we can't afford to subsidize them. So the switch to natural gas I think is absolutely essential for the next several decades.","All right, thank you very much, it's been enlightening to talk to you, and hope that you'll be back when you've got new data to share with us.","We'd be happy to come back any time, Ira.","Richard Muller, thank you. He's author of \"Energy for Future Presidents: The Science Behind the Headlines. \"He's also senior scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. And we're going to take a break, and when we come back, we're going to talk about planetary science of another kind, a trip to Mars."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Renewable energy is still too expensive for developing countries","questions":"How are developing countries impacted by the cost of renewables?","answer":"Expensive"}
{"text":["Is that more troubling to you than if he had a grand plan?","It is more troubling, yes. I mean, we might, in the end, be safer for it. You know, the narrative when this administration began is that he was a right-wing despot and thug who would bring terrible policies to the United States. And I think there's probably less of a chance of that because everything shifts from moment to moment, and he has no grand intentions here. Whatever irrational moment he has now might as well be reversed by another irrational moment to come.","Michael Wolff is the author of \"Siege: Trump Under Fire. \"Thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A suggests that unpredictability may make the situation safer because there are no grand intentions.","questions":"What does PersonA think about the potential safety of the situation?","answer":"Safer"}
{"text":["So I ran the numbers, and the numbers do check out. As far as on Instagram, Horseshoe Bend's popularity, be it in its hashtag or in its geotag, is normally 10 times as popular as anything else in that area.","But is that really a problem?Doesn't that popularity just mean that it might not be as unique, but it's still beautiful?It's still there. People can see it.","Well, popularity is very important. The outdoor world needs more visitors and better accessibility. The difficulty with managing that side of it is that construction can have adverse effects to the natural areas if you start doing different buildings and that sort of thing on top of it, but yes.","Is this an anomaly, though, when we're talking just about Horseshoe Bend or have you seen other spaces that have changed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the numbers do check out\" - this means that the numbers are correct and accurate.","questions":"What does turn 0 confirm?","answer":"Accuracy"}
{"text":["Do not worry about that.","It's so hard to, like, finally put yourself in a place where you're ready to tell the world and then to feel like any justice that you would have gotten out of that has been robbed from you.","Do you think something can be done now?Is there something you want to see done now that would help you feel that justice has been done?","I don't know. People keep asking me that, and I keep going back and forth 'cause one minute, I'm like, no, there is no justice. My justice was - I needed him to hear what I had to say, and I'm never going to get that. But then there's part of me that's like, no, I'm going after this like a dragon, and I will find justice somehow."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Going after this like a dragon\" implies aggressiveness and powerful action.","questions":"What animal is the speaker comparing their pursuit of justice to?","answer":"Dragon"}
{"text":["Well, Jo, when she came to Parliament in May 2015, she immediately began work on the Syria refugee crisis. She set up a cross party group of MPs to work on the issue. She was one of the first people to call for humanitarian aid drops to the besieged towns and cities of Syria. And she was instrumental in changing U. K.  government policy so that the conservative government has now agreed to take 3,000 unaccompanied Syrian refugee children who are in desperate need of our help, solidarity and support. And so in that short one year, one month in Parliament, she made a tremendous difference. People had already marked her down as a rising star in the Labour Party.","And we should remember, she had a young family, I gather.","Jo had two young children, age 3 and 5, and she was talking about how one of them had chickenpox only the other day. She (inaudible) houseboat with her husband Brendan and the children. And it is so hard for people to come to terms with this senseless death. And we are shocked to the core.","Campaigning has been temporarily suspended in the referendum that's coming up in just a few days about whether Britain should stay in the European Union or leave. Could you tell us something about the political atmosphere in Britain as you see it now as this important referendum approaches?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : implies that the speaker is impressed with how Jo was able to balance her work with parenting; (3) implies that the speaker is expressing disbelief and dismay at the tragedy of Jo's death; (4) implies that the speaker is asking for an opinion on the current political atmosphere in Britain","questions":"How was Jo able to make a tremendous difference in a short amount of time?","answer":"Cross"}
{"text":["(Laughter) Yes, they. . .","That's my pirate.","That was very impressive. I was whisked back to the Caribbean. But we should honor pirates for being pioneers of workers' rights. They were surprisingly progressive in their employment policy. They elected the captains democratically. There was profit-sharing agreements.","And the pirates even had an early version of workers' comp. So some of the pirate booty would go into a common fund to repay the pirates who had lost limbs or eyes. So those peg legs and hooks, they were subsidized. And by the way, I was going to make an argh-bitration joke, but you beat me to it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Pirates were surprisingly progressive in their employment policy","questions":"What was one surprising aspect of pirates' policies?","answer":"Democratically"}
{"text":["Well, one last question about this because there is speculation that this weather may be due to the loss of ice during the summertime at the polar region. Is there any evidence for that being the trigger?","No, that has a lot of other dramatic effects on our climate, but for stratospheric warming events, what we're looking at are very large systems, such as the one that was off of the northeast coast of Japan. Also it's been correlated to sunspot activity. So that's kind of a factor that doesn't affect the troposphere so much, but it does involve some (unintelligible) content action in the stratosphere. So we're seeing a correlation between a solar activity and then these big, very unstable systems late in the season like we saw off the northeast coast of Japan.","All right, well, people always blame stuff on sunspots, so. . .","That's right, it's hard to prove them wrong."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a trigger in this context means something causing something else","questions":"How does PersonA correlate stratospheric warming events with sunspot activity?","answer":"Correlated"}
{"text":["Thank you so much for talking with us.","Well, thank you for calling me. This has been a big thrill for me, I can tell you.","Aw, I'm really pleased.","Made my day - made my year."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Person A waiting for a call, a long time. So he\/she expresses as  \"Made my day - made my year\".","questions":"Which word describes how Person PersonA felt after receiving the call?","answer":"Thankful"}
{"text":["Part of that's partisanship, but part of it is that white privilege allows white folks - and I'm white, so I mean, I know a little bit about the way we as white folks are viewed in this country. White folks have the luxury and the privilege of being mediocre. We can be mediocre, it's the same thing I hear everywhere I go when I speak at colleges, and I'm constantly told that the departments who were hiring in a school always say, we're looking for a black person, but we want to get the best black person, and we want to get the best Latino.","I've never heard anyone say, now we want to make sure we get the best white applicant. It's as if they're saying, if it's a person of color, they've got to absolutely be the cream of the crop and even then, we may not view them as that good. If they're a white person, they can be pretty mediocre, like a C student, George W.  Bush, and that's OK.","But if you're, you know, the editor in the Harvard Law Review, and at the top of your class, oh, we don't know about you. You know, to me that's about white privilege.","Well - so, what's changed in how people perceive your message?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : White people are not held to the same standards as people of color when it comes to achieving success.","questions":"How are white people treated in comparison to people of color in terms of success standards?","answer":"unequal"}
{"text":["NPR's Dina Temple-Raston has been following this story, and she's here now. Dina, scientists and legal experts, they're saying that the evidence against Ivins is really far from foolproof, that there is no smoking gun. What are they concerned about?","Well, a lot of the scientists who have looked at this say that they couldn't - that the FBI couldn't possibly have ruled out everyone who might have matched the anthrax vial or had access to the anthrax vial that they matched to Ivins. And this is basically, without getting too much into the science, this is because anthrax, all you have to do is grow more. So if you had some anthrax, conceivably, from this vial that they linked to Ivins, you could have grown your own source of more of that.","They also can't place him in Princeton, which is where the letters were mailed from, and he has this very distinctive, cramped handwriting that they couldn't match the handwriting on the envelopes. The FBI said it was similar, but there was nothing conclusive there. And there's this broader feeling that he couldn't have possibly accomplished all of this on his own. The plan was too elaborate and too technical for one person to do by themselves.","So what does the FBI say to all those questions?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"grow your own source\" - This is a figurative expression that means to cultivate or create more of something, in this case, anthrax bacteria, by using the original sample. It does not refer to actually growing a physical object like a plant or animal.","questions":"Which expression is used figuratively to mean cultivating or creating more of something, in this case, anthrax bacteria, by using the original sample?","answer":"Grow"}
{"text":["But it's a risk. Well, if you can't buy political advertising, what do you spend the money on?","Well, you spend the money, for example - and it's strange, because they call - his opponents call President Sarkozy l'Americain, the American. And they're not saying it with a smile on their lips. There's sort of a sneer on their lips. They're not any crazier about Americans than, for example, the Republican candidates in this country are about French socialists. But the irony is that it is the socialists.","And Hollande's campaign is ran by three absolutely charming young men who met at MIT and Harvard, three Frenchmen, in their late 20s, early 30s, and they are the ones running the campaign. And they have decided that they are going to replicate the Obama campaign of 2008 in France this year. And that's what they're doing. And they're going door to door. And they're using computerized systems. And they're using Internet radio. They're using all the same tactics that the Obama candidacy employed four years ago.","In the meantime, there is still power of incumbency. A lot of people thought the terrible situation in the south of France. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Being crazy about\" something here implies a fondness for something, it isn't related to any mental illness.","questions":"Which word in turn 1 implies that the opponents of President Sarkozy call him \"the American\" with a sneer on their lips?","answer":"sneer"}
{"text":["It's not me - it's nothing to do - saying they, you know, they shouldn't be allowed to sing. And if they want to do soul music, I think it's great because, you know, music is universal, it's meant for everybody. So I really don't have a problem with that. What I have a problem with is, you know, just a lot more attention is paid to artists like that, as apposed to, you know, myself, because there's - you know, I could name loads of them over here that should be out - you know, should be getting the same kind of praise, and don't. I'm just baffled at that.","Now, you do get your props. Vibe Magazine said that your rich, velvety voice warms the inside like a spot of tea. Do you generally try to read the reviews, or. . .","I do actually.","You do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is unhappy that their music is not receiving as much attention as other artists.2. B is trying to console A by mentioning that they have received praise from Vibe Magazine.","questions":"How did Vibe Magazine describe PersonA's voice?","answer":"warms"}
{"text":["Perhaps Thursday night. And he had also mentioned that there - Democrats were, quote, \"trying to steal the election\" and had sort of mentioned fraud and referred the matter onto the state's version of the FBI called the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, known as the FDLE. Well, FDLE, the next day, said, hey, there's no allegation of fraud, that it - they don't even have a complaint.","So far, all of these folks are saying, on the Republican side, hey, there's fraud, it needs to be investigated, while the state investigative agency is like, we're here to investigate. Show us. And so far, there's nothing.","With 20 seconds left, why does this happen a lot in Florida?","Because that's just how we are. I think Tim Russert said Florida, Florida, Florida. Or some people call us Flori-duh (ph). And this is just part of the nature of living here and being a reporter in the Sunshine State."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Flori-duh\" is a pun that plays on the literal name of the state, Florida, and the slang term \"duh\" which is often used to indicate stupidity or foolishness. This turn is figurative in nature.","questions":"Which word describes the nature of turn 3?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Eastern Congo may be the most dangerous place on Earth, and it's getting worse. A rebel army is moving on the biggest city, Goma. Hundreds of thousands of people are running for their lives. This is the region of infamous ethnic killing between the many people who call themselves Hutus and the far fewer Tutsi.","Hez Holland is a correspondent with Reuters. He's been reporting from Goma. He joins us now. Hez, welcome. And remind us, this is also a region of enormous wealth - timber and minerals. People have been fighting over it for a long time.","At least. It's historically been a curse, what with the mineral wealth and, as you said, the timber, has been something that has been fought over for - since the Belgians. It's always been a place where minerals have been extracted and exploited, and the people have always been just pawns in the great game of any kind of colonial power, really.","Well, now, there's this rebel group led by a man named General Nkunda. He is a former Congolese general. And it is moving on the city of Goma. What are you seeing there now?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The word \"most dangerous place on Earth\" implies an exaggeration to emphasize the severity of the situation.","questions":"How does PersonB describe the rebel army's movement towards Goma?","answer":"Moving"}
{"text":["So for example, you - there is a - one kind of solution perhaps that could work to stop jihadist mass killings, another kind of solution that could work to stop mass killings involving mental illness. And then with some like the Los Vegas shooting, where we still mysteriously don't have a motive, you know, you're more in the dark as to what could have been done in that particular case.","Jeannie Gaffigan, the comedy writer and producer who has been publicly battling a brain tumor and happens to be a person of faith, this week tweeted, I'm living proof that prayer works. She's feeling better now. But it also takes enormous effort along with prayer, sometimes a lifetime of struggle and dedication. Do you agree with that?","Oh, absolutely. I believe - you know, there's a scriptural principle that faith without works is dead. In other words, you should pray and you should act. But I think the main criticism that many of these Twitter activists are offering is that they're saying, don't say thoughts and prayers. Say what I want you to say. And in a political environment where there's sharp polarization and very different ideas about how to respond to a crisis, that's just never going to happen. And besides, what use is an activist tweet anyway?","David French of National Review, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies that there is a disagreement between A who is a religious person and the Activists who have different opinions about how faith works.","questions":"Which group disagrees with PersonA's view on the effectiveness of prayer?","answer":"Activists"}
{"text":[". . . Didn't make millions. I know he made a lot - who ran Bernie Sanders' campaign.","Yeah, I think it's a question of, you know, does money tempt you to do things that you might not otherwise do?","Well, you've been there. What do you say?","I like to think that you need to stay grounded, right?You need to stay grounded. You need to say to yourself, am I doing what matters to the country and our future?Or am I just thinking about just pure self-interest, the amount of money that I can amass for myself and my family?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It's important to prioritize the country's future over personal gain.","questions":"How does PersonA suggest one should prioritize?","answer":"Country"}
{"text":["There is a famous case called the Kenneth Parks case in which he zones out and kills his father-in-law and almost kills his mother-in-law. After looking into his history, we find that he had a history of sleepwalking. And the case is referred to as homicidal somnambulism, meaning homicide while sleepwalking.","The Miami Herald profiled you this past week, which is where we heard about your class. And you had some advice for those of us fearing the coming zombie apocalypse. And I count myself among them. So how should we survive?","(Laughter) OK. So if a zombie apocalypse hits, you'll need food and water, shelter and, of course, ammunition to fight off the zombie attack. And the place that I can think of that would have plenty of it and a lot of space for you to move around is Walmart. So I often tell people, go to Walmart. Hunker down. And fight it out for as long as you can.","Eric Smaw, a professor of philosophy at Rollins College in Florida. Happy Halloween. And thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He is just trying to get people to laugh around Halloween by telling a joke.","questions":"How does PersonA's response relate to the implied meaning of turn 1?","answer":"laughing"}
{"text":["I really feel disappointed that a member of the House took the time to attack the people that are contributing to the campaign of President Trump, an attack that we are fueling or helping to fuel hate among Hispanics. In my office, half my personnel is Hispanic. I love Hispanic people. They're family-oriented. My wife - all of us got scared. I said people are going to come to attack us.","But you do know that this is public information.","Yes. But we are not contributing to fuel any hate. We are contributing because we want President Trump to be reelected. I like the job he's doing as president. I love the way he loves America, the same way that I love America. I named my company Great America Companies in 1972 when I first immigrated to America because I felt this was a great place.","President Trump has used the words invasion and killer, according to new statistics, over 500 times when speaking about immigration and immigrants since 2017. That is as president. People see his rhetoric as divisive and specifically when speaking about Latino immigrants. Does that not concern you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : By contributiing to Trump's campaign they are seen as contributing to the mistreatment of Hispanics because Trump speads this kind of rhetoric. They are giving Trump the means to continue his divisive rhetoric. ","questions":"Which group is seen as contributing to the mistreatment of Hispanics?","answer":"contributors"}
{"text":["Oh.","OK. So Bill Eberhard and colleagues looked into this and found that it's a little bit different than what people had thought. First of all, spiders definitely touch the sticky part of their web all the time, especially when they're constructing it. But he also found that when he looked at the leg of a spider under a dissecting microscope - and if this appeals to you, you can see this on our website - you see these tiny little hairs called setae. And what happens is when a spider touches the sticky line with this hairy leg, as it pulls away, the glue sort of drips down the hairs, and then you have very little surface area between the sticky glue and the spider. So there's not a lot of pull. And this kind of explains mostly why they - and they touch it very delicately. And then there's this one more little fact, which is my favorite part of this study, which is they wash the spider legs. They clean them off and find that they're much stickier. So they do seem to have a kind of oily substance that repels their own glue.","Wow. Wow.","But - it was cool."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implies that the speaker found the information about spiders and their webs interesting or impressive, despite the fact that they also thought it was \"cool.\" So, the actual meaning of (4) is slightly different from its literal meaning.","questions":"Which word did PersonA use to describe the spider legs' oily substance?","answer":"repels"}
{"text":["Are we talking about resveratrol here?","Well, the resveratrol discovery was about 10 years ago. We, my colleagues and I, made that discovery. But what we've done since then is use that as a - just a stepping stone, a proof of concept to make much more potent synthetic drug-like molecules that are just in the beginnings of human clinical trials. And this paper is about the finding that these molecules from grapes and the synthetics all seem to work through this one particular gene, genetic pathway we call the sirtuin pathway.","Let's back up a little bit and talk about the study you did in mice. What did you find - what did you give the mice, and what did you find there?","Well, originally we found resveratrol just in a test tube, looking for molecules that would turn on this enzyme, this protein that seems to defend against diseases in aging. We then moved to nematode worms and flies. We've done some work with bees even. The mouse study was in 2006."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : a stepping stone is not a litereral stone, but is an intermediate step in a process that leads to another.  ","questions":"How did the author describe the molecules they made?","answer":"Molecular"}
{"text":["You know, and you're not going to get, you know, 80,000, you know, ticket-holders to hold it down. So you know, you just kind of figured out - you know, some days I've toughed it out. Some days I've gone on air with a very bad migraine, because that's my job.","Has anyone ever just run a tackle into you by accident, shaken up your brain, anything?","I have never been sideline road-kill. I've made it a point to always know where the action is and to not get caught up in it. There are times, though, when my back is turned, I'm doing a stand-up, for example, and you could see everybody. Their eyes are getting big, and they're just kind of like - you know, my cameraman's really good about pulling me out of the way.","So no, I haven't had any kind of brain scramble to that extent, but yeah, I can see where you're going. A lot of these players who suffer from concussions, eventually, you know, sometimes they can turn into migraine sufferers as well."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The reporter tries to avoid getting caught up in the action.","questions":"Which point does the reporter emphasize regarding the players who suffer from concussions?","answer":"Migraine"}
{"text":["Part of the problem is a shortage of funds. The other problem is here in Lebanon, the government has a very strict rule on refugee settlements - nothing permanent. So, the only thing that you can have is plastic and wood, and that means that families live on dirt floors. Now, aid workers have been working around the clock to deliver thermal blankets and extra food. But the snow closed off some of these mountain roads over the past few days, so many refugees are out of reach until this storm passes.","Let's go back to that seizure of a warehouse of supplies by Islamist rebels, 'cause that certainly seemed to change U. S.  policy. How did that wind up changing Western policy?","Well, the seizure happened last Friday - details are a little hazy. But fighters from some of Syria's most powerful Islamist brigades took over this warehouse. There was more than a million dollars of U. S. -supplied equipment there. According to a U. S.  State Department official, it included nine pickup trucks, four buses, office and communication equipment and 50,000 meals ready to eat - army rations. All of this was intended for the Western-backed Free Syrian Army under the command of General Salim Idris.","Does the fact that the rebels were able to take control of a supply storehouse suggest that this was a huge loss for the Free Syrian Army, which is even further set them back on their heels."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The situation is more dire than what is being reported, as the resources available are not able to meet the needs of the refugees.","questions":"Which resource is inadequate for meeting the needs of the refugees?","answer":"Resources"}
{"text":["The fear is magnified by a third factor, which is uncertainty, and the uncertainty level is enormous right now. We're really at the brink. People don't know - are we entering an inflationary environment or a deflationary environment?We really don't know what's going to happen. And the potential outcomes are so different and so huge in their consequences that there's just an enormous amount of uncertainty, and that magnifies the fear. People say, I don't want to play this game if I don't have any idea where it's going to head.","Haven't there been studies that show that people are more motivated by fear than by the lure of profit or the lure of gain?","Exactly. People are twice as afraid of taking a loss or afraid of the pain of taking a loss as they are of the feel of pleasure of taking a gain. So what you have in the markets is the effect where as stocks drop and people become more and more into negative territory, they're both afraid of taking the pain of a loss but at some point, as they're riding down, they're losing stocks, they capitulate. They finally throw in the towel and say, that's it. This is too much pain. I can't take it anymore. It's one explanation for why bull markets tend to be long and trending while bear markets like this are rapid and short.","So how do we get out of this?How do we get out of this negative feedback loop?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The fear is intensified by the enormous amount of uncertainty.","questions":"What factor magnifies fear in the current situation?","answer":"Uncertainty"}
{"text":["He says that. But the question is, is this chaotic approach getting any results?He doesn't have a better deal with Iran. He doesn't have any deal with North Korea. And you have to wonder what other countries are thinking. Even Mexico, after approving a free trade deal, a no tariff deal, all of a sudden, he turned around and threatened tariffs on Mexico for an unrelated issue. So it makes it unclear for other countries who want to deal with the United States, whether they're our allies or our enemies.","And then, at least with Iran, the situation is unchanged. What happens next time there's a conflict in the Gulf?","All right. Let's look at another policy turnaround. As we've mentioned, the president has, as you know, talked tough on immigration for a very long time. It's his signature issue. Earlier in the week, he said he would deport a million immigrants starting today, but now he has postponed those raids, and he says he will resume them if the Democrats don't agree to change the asylum laws. What's going on?","Well, it's more whiplash as - on his way to his first big rally of his reelection campaign, that's when he said he was going to deport millions. Immigration has always been the go-to issue to energize his base. On the other hand, he has competing political imperatives because his immigration policies are costing him with independent voters, with suburban women. And it turns out that Nancy Pelosi did call him over the weekend, asked him to delay these raids, which were going to deport thousands, not millions."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The whiplash means that a person turns their head around quickly as the other person change's their opinions.","questions":"What is the meaning of \"whiplash\"?","answer":"Change"}
{"text":["We're in the last few weeks of the Supreme Court's current term, and justices still have loads of decisions to hand down - two dozen, to be precise. And some of those may come as soon as Monday. We'll bring in NPR's legal affairs correspondent Nina Totenberg. Nina, thanks so much for being with us.","My pleasure, as always, Scott.","Twenty-four cases in which there are no decision. I gather a dozen could be of particular interest. Which ones do you most anticipate?","Well, there are three big ones. The first is what I call the cross case. This is a giant cross on public property in Bladensburg, Md. It's a World War I war memorial. And civil libertarians have objected to it because they see the cross as a symbol of Christianity and that it ought to be on private property, maintained with private funds, not taxpayer money. We're going to see what the court does with that. My suspicion is that they're going to let the cross stand. And whatever they write probably will have a lot of impact on religious symbol cases in the future."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The supreme court has a great many decisions to make on cases.","questions":"What is the name of the war memorial that features a giant cross on public property in Bladensburg, Maryland?","answer":"Bladensburg"}
{"text":["In terms of the natural ecosystems, rapid changes coming, suddenly roads are getting built. People having the first time in nearly 22 years of warfare that they're able to get up and still moving around and finding markets and exploiting resources. Animals are resourced. They will be facing severe problems if poaching becomes more common that it already is, which is somewhat routine, and these things could be wiped out very badly in a few years, especially vulnerable species like elephants which are in so much danger elsewhere and even species that are quite rare and it's just only in South Sudan like certain kinds of antelope that were thought extinct and now have been found in South Sudan.","And there are - the ivory route is that these poachers come down and kill the animals for their ivory. It's taken then to Sudan, carved and sent to China.","Yeah. There's a city called Onderon(ph) - if I'm pronouncing it correctly - which has a traditional center of artisanal carving of ivory and export. So some elephant tusks do flow into Onderon and get shipped out from there to markets in the Middle East and China.","Yet, there are still large herds of elephants left in South Sudan. You saw one from an airplane."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Onderon is a city known for its ivory carving and exporting, which contributes to the illegal ivory trade.","questions":"What is the name of the city known for its ivory carving and exporting?","answer":"Onderon"}
{"text":["Yeah. Did Joan love Ray, really?","You know, it's easy to think that perhaps she married him because of his money. But it's been hard to sort of root out exactly what she felt. What she said in interviews a number of times was very circumspect - what is love?But I do know that people who knew them both say that it was a long passion - that it wasn't just as simple as a beautiful, young woman running off with a rich man. Certainly, you know, the facts bear that out. It took them so long to get together, and there was a huge price to be paid with both their families.","She really made a difference in the way we think of and treat addiction, didn't she?","Oh, she did, and in such an interesting time. In the '70s, even before Betty Ford had famously stepped forward and talked about her struggles, Joan was convening people who were early thinkers in how to treat people differently. You know, AA had been around, of course, for decades. But there was a movement in the '70s to get people to look at the whole person with alcoholism. And Joan was really passionate about getting the word out."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"What she said in interviews a number of times was very circumspect - what is love?\" - Implied meaning: Joan was not able to directly answer the question of whether she loved Ray or not, as her answers were often evasive and indirect.","questions":"What was one of the reasons that made it hard to determine Joan's feelings towards Ray?","answer":"Answers"}
{"text":["I'm fine. How are you?","I'm doing great. So, you know, a lot of us, I think, frankly, almost all of us who are African-American, say, you know what, I need to, you know, each one teach one, lift somebody up, but when you're a judge, you have a very particular role, and it's a role where you are at somewhat of a remove, even though you're facing the defendants, you are not on the same level as them. How do you make sense of what Judge Arrington did?","I understand what Judge Arrington did completely. And I have to tell you why. Though we must be removed, we are nonetheless human. It is the easiest thing in the world to do, is to be removed if you don't care. But if you have the nerve to care, and if you see what we see on a daily basis, his humanity and his caring came together that day and made him do something clearly he shouldn't have done. He knows that. But it was an error of the heart that I find fully condonable.","So, what other ways, you know, you say that you approve of the sentiment, not necessarily of the execution. How else may he have gone about this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated. When a person looks at his watch","questions":"How does the judge's caring and humanity affect his actions?","answer":"Condonable"}
{"text":["Sure.","So explain to us why you gave that request, which we agree is a legitimate request.","Security. So I wrote an in-depth and possibly embarrassing report on a top aide to Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. The report was on Saud al-Qahtani, who's best known in the West for masterminding the murder of Jamal Khashoggi, the Washington Post journalist. But he also heads up the kingdom's efforts to intimidate and silence critics, primarily through online hacking. So if there is a computer hacker sitting in Riyadh who's been tasked with finding out who wrote this report on his boss, I want to try to make his life a little bit harder.","So in terms of what you found in your research, what does Facebook mean when it says that Saudi Arabia engaged in coordinated inauthentic behavior?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to silence critics means to threaten them with something horrible.","questions":"What was the report on?","answer":"al-Qahtani"}
{"text":["I'm great. So, what excites you?I mean, it's a huge accomplishment to coach this team. And what excites you about this year's Olympic Games?","We have a fantastic team. You know, naturally, the team isn't picked yet and everyone will go through Olympic trials. But whoever comes out in the top three, they will represent this country to the highest degree. I'm sure it will be a balance of our veterans and our up-and-coming athletes. And they did very well last year in the world championship. And I'm looking forward to seeing the U. S. A.  do very well in Beijing.","What does it take - you're an Olympian, a medal-wining Olympian. What does it take to have, not just the skill, but the heart to get a medal in the Olympics?","You know, it takes a lot of sacrifice, you know?Many times the athletes have, they've done a lot of competition, of course. From age-group track & field, through high school, and if they attended college, it takes a lot of dedication, a lot of sacrifice, and a lot of focus. You know, a lot of times, you know, sometimes they can get distracted. But the ones that you see, the cream of the crop that you see at the Olympic Games are extremely focused and dedicated athletes."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The coach is confident in the team's abilities for the Olympics.","questions":"Which event is the coach referring to?","answer":"Olympics"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me, Scott.","Let me begin with what's being called the tarmac summit. Bill Clinton, Attorney General Lynch happened to be at the Phoenix airport at the same time. And Bill Clinton arranged a private meeting, lasted about half an hour, with the attorney general. Your old colleague, David Axelrod, tweeted, quote, \"I take Loretta Lynch and Bill Clinton at their word that their convo in Phoenix didn't touch on probe. But foolish to create such optics. \"How helpful was it for Hillary Clinton, who's so widely seen as untrustworthy, to have her spouse meet with the attorney general while she's under investigation by the Justice Department?","I can't imagine there's one person in America, including in the Clinton campaign, who thinks that was helpful (laughter). But I - look, I think if Bill Clinton had to do it over again he probably wouldn't have walked over to the plane, seeing all the follow-up from the last couple days.","Does it raise a question about what you do with Bill Clinton during the campaign because he is, certainly on the one hand, often called the most talented politician of the modern era. On the other hand, you know, he's got a history of mischief."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implies that Bill Clinton is both a valuable asset and a potential liability to the campaign.","questions":"Which two contrasting characteristics apply to Bill Clinton in regards to the campaign?","answer":"Asset\/iability"}
{"text":["Exactly.","They look like USB drives that you could sneak into a classroom.","And put in a backpack - and, frankly, most parents aren't going to have the first clue what it is. And what the picture is underneath it, the caption says, Mom, it's a USB drive. That is expressly targeted to students. And I want to shut that practice down in my state.","Is there any difference between the suit that you put forward this week against these eight companies and the suit you filed in the spring against Juul?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The appearance of the devices is deceptive and can be easily hidden from parents and teachers. The devices are designed to look like USB drives and are targeted towards students for their discreet usage.","questions":"What do the devices look like?","answer":"USB"}
{"text":["So, for those people that are stuck on that buy-and-hold, we'd suggest to them, look at more market history. If you have a listener who has lost 30 percent in the market in this down cycle, they need the market to compound at seven percent per year for the next six years to get back to even. If they've lost 40 percent, they need eight years at seven percent. You know, frankly, I know elderly people who have been left in this market by people who believed in that buy-and-hold theory, you know, that are now in their 70s, 80s and even 90s. They don't have 11 years left. They will never see their money back.","So, what would you advise for the rest of us?","Well, I would advise a couple of things. One is stop listening to Wall Street platitudes. Wall Street, frankly, doesn't know anything. If they did, they would not have left their clients in for one of the greatest bear markets of all time. Number two, use some of your own judgment and common sense. People with long-term horizons might want to step a toe in the markets, but you have to do it with an open mind that you may lose more money. And if you are not prepared to lose more money, don't go in to the markets. There will be a day when earnings stop going down.","So, we've all heard, don't open, don't even look, at your 401(k) statement; just put it away. You say, no, look at it and rebalance?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Step a toe means to test the waters and try something new","questions":"How does PersonA suggest people approach investing in the markets?","answer":"Carefully"}
{"text":["And that made both party's much more democratic operations - again, small D.  But the Democrats - large D, capital D - pushed it a lot further than the Republicans. The Republicans want to restrain the representational nature of the system a little bit so as to reach a conclusion a little faster. And that's the big difference now.","I think in Super Tuesday-voting today, for example, it's quite possible that one Republican candidate will get enough votes around the country that he'll become the nominee more or less de facto. On the Democratic side, though, there's really no chance to that. The proportional splits that I've been talking about, the breaking of the vote down and making it representative of the vote, that's going to divide the delegates between the two parties - or between the two candidates on the Democratic side.","So there are people on both sides of the major party system who have dropped out, and they have delegates. What happens to their delegates?","There aren't many, really. It's just a handful in both parties. And what will happen to those delegates is after their candidate is officially out - John Edwards, for example, is not officially out. He's just suspended his campaign."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The phrase \"officially out\" in this context refers to a candidate formally ending their campaign and withdrawing from the race. It implies that there is a distinction between being \"officially out\" and merely suspending the campaign, suggesting the possibility of a candidate re-entering the race in the future.","questions":"How would you describe the difference between being \"officially out\" and suspending a campaign?","answer":"Withdrawal"}
{"text":["And some - I'm trying to blend. I'm trying to be a weevil.","I got you. You know, you talked about singing to your children. Do you suggest singing to pregnant mothers, too?(unintelligible)","Absolutely. Absolutely. They can hear - babies can hear from about six months gestation. This is the way language development begins. This is the way we teach. This is the way we connect, nurture, and love our young. And although we have many devices, many toys that bleep and beep and sing and all of that, it's really important to have that human element. So speaking to, reading to, singing to your very young child is extremely important.","Nnenna Freelon, you are a fantastic talent. We appreciate you coming on News & Notes. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : trying to be weevil implies being a pest or a disturbance ","questions":"Which insect is implied by the turn in statement 0?","answer":"Weevil"}
{"text":["And both of those things are true and not true in about equal measure. What happened instead was that Russia didn't embrace democracy. Russia didn't embrace freedom. And that's what I tried to write a book about, which is a difficult task - to try to write a book about absences.","I didn't know until reading your book that the Putin regime has incinerated food in a country with a history of famine. Why?","It wasn't extraordinary then. This was a few years ago after Putin had introduced counter-sanctions in response to the Western sanctions imposed on Russia after its invasion of Ukraine. And the counter-sanctions were very much designed to make Russians feel the brunt of sanctions - right?- because the sanctions that are imposed by the West wouldn't necessarily sort of mobilize the population against the West.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The answer to (2) is not a literal request for information, but instead implies a feeling of disbelief and surprise that such a thing could happen.","questions":"What feeling does turn 1 imply?","answer":"Disbelief"}
{"text":["My final thing is this, and I appreciate your coming on, one of the cornerstones of the president then-candidate Obama's approach to the people was that he would reach across the aisle, and there have been questions as to whether he really reached across the aisle effectively as far as the stimulus is concerned, fair or unfair?","I think he was effective. I mean, I'm not sure he ever could have expected to win a lot of people over but he had to be seen as trying. A budget after all like this stimulus economic recovery plan is actually a budget measure. It incorporates the priorities of the majority party, and the Republicans and Democrats have very different ideas of how to handle spending and taxes. So he was never going to get a lot of votes, but he tried. And he clearly, he tried not just stylistically but substantively. And what your listeners have to remember is that there are very moderate Republicans left in Congress. There's very few people left to deal with because Democrats have been so successful at the polls for the last two cycles.","I've got about 15 seconds for this, would you say that the president - this president - is under more public scrutiny that either of his recent predecessors?","Well, any president is under scrutiny, but I think yes. I mean, he's a ground breaker. He is the first African-American president that alone would bring him more scrutiny."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : cornerstone means in this context that it is a significant issue.","questions":"What was one of the cornerstones of Obama's approach to the people?","answer":"Reaching"}
{"text":["We also heard singer-songwriter Ben Harper on that track. He wrote most of the songs on this album. He produced it. How did you two meet?Why do you think you clicked with him?","Well, Ben had written me a song for one of my other albums - \"Livin' On A High Note. \"And that song was \"Love And Trust\"","(Singing) Do what you can. Do what you must. Everybody's trying to find some love and trust. I walk the line. I walk it for us. See me out here trying to find some love and trust.","I fell so in love with that song. And every time we'd sing it, the audience - they would just roar, you know. It turned out so well. So I - we'd been singing it for a couple of years then. I ran into Ben on the road. That's where we would always meet up - somewhere on the road. And I told him. I said, Ben, that song - you have got to write me another song. He said, well, Mavis, why don't I write you 11 songs?I said, why don't you do that?He said, let's make an album. I said, sounds good to me. You know, I said, I don't know if I could handle 11 good songs from Ben Harper. He said, oh, yeah, you can handle it, Mavis."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Ben Harper is capable of writing 11 good songs and Mavis Staples can handle them","questions":"What did Ben Harper offer to write for Mavis Staples?","answer":"Songs"}
{"text":["Was he in uniform?I mean, was this a. . .","He was in plainclothes, just driving in plainclothes.","Not that that makes it any better but still.","Well, at least they weren't dumb enough to go up to a fully uniformed police chief. But, you know, it's one of those things where we got one of the worst crime problems because there is no rhyme or reason to some of the things that are happening. You've got elderly gentlemen being beaten up at gas stations and people being afraid to come out of their homes at 5 P. M. It's not everywhere and it's not every neighborhood but it's enough that it's becoming what people think about living in Detroit.","Rochelle, Halloween's coming up and in Detroit that could mean Devil's Night."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies that the crime problem in Detroit is serious and that it has become a stereotype; ","questions":"Which city is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Detroit"}
{"text":[". . . You are from this area - born in D. C. , raised in Maryland and Virginia - the DMV, as we like to say. So what's it like to be back home now that you're blowing up like this?Can you go to, like, the CVS if you want to without being recognized?","Yeah. I definitely can go to the CVS. You know, sometimes people recognize me, sometimes they don't. But it's a beautiful feeling, and I just can't wait to move back eventually.","How did you start singing or how did you realize you could sing?","I don't know. I just was always singing. I didn't know if it was good or not, but my grandma, she told me that I sounded like an angel. And that maybe - perhaps that kept me going. I mean, I always wanted a solo at the church, and they didn't ever give it to me. But eventually they did, and I froze. But then I killed it. And I just feel like that kind of just followed me all throughout my life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Many non-literal statements here: \"always singing\", \"froze\" and \"killed it.\" They mean she sang a lot of the time, she failed to perform in front of an audience due to nerves, and she sang really well.","questions":"Which statement describes the meaning of \"killed it\" in turn 3?","answer":"Excellent"}
{"text":["Have they created new numbers?I mean, what kind of mystery can there be about this when, as far as I'm concerned, I thought all the numbers had already been assigned.","Ah. But it's like gossiping about your friends. It's not the fact that you have the friends, it's things you learn about them that you didn't know and you think, wow, have they been doing this all that time?","I'm surprised you have any friends after that, but go ahead.","I'm losing them as I speak, I realize that. What was really exciting about this was until, I think it was maybe April or May of this year, nobody had been able to prove that there were infinitely many of these pairs. And the question's been around for - in a sense, it's been around for thousands of years. It's been looked at in detail for 100 years. No one really came close to proving it. But then in May, this adjunct faculty member at the University of New Hampshire got pretty close by mathematical standards."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"What was really exciting about this was until, I think it was maybe April or May of this year, nobody had been able to prove that there were infinitely many of these pairs.\"","questions":"What was the proof about?","answer":"Pairs"}
{"text":["The United Nation says it's made an agreement that will gradually release 3,000 child soldiers from an armed group in South Sudan. The children are between 11 and 17 years of age. They have spent their childhoods fighting and killing for a group called the South Sudan Democratic Army Cobra faction. Jonathan Veitch, UNICEF's South Sudan representative, says these children have been forced to do and see things that no child should ever experience. Sudan has a long history of civil war and using children for war. Only a few of the thousands of children who get captured and dragged into the conflict manage to escape. Emmanuel Jal did. He's now an actor and musician in Toronto, who had a role in last year's film \"The Good Lie. \"He was 8 years old when he became a child soldier.","Most of us have seen our homes burned down, have seen terrible things happen. So, I mean, I witness one of my aunt raped in our home area. And witnessing and seeing my home village burned down and then when we're told that I'm going to be given skills and a gun to fight the people who did that to my homeland, there was not much for me to be convinced.","What was life for you like as a child soldier?","It's hell seeing 6, 7 years old burying their own dead. Nobody's going to give them questions when they're beginning to ask questions. Simple questions - why are we here?Where's my mommy?That's when you get to know, like, these are children sometimes when the terrible things happen."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the speaker is using understatement to describe the horrific experiences of child soldiers, emphasizing how young and innocent they are and how terrible it is for them to witness and experience such violence and trauma.","questions":"What literary device is being used by the speaker in turn 3 to describe the experiences of child soldiers?","answer":"Understatement"}
{"text":["Duane, why don't you describe to us some of the work that you did with actual cases when you were at the California Department of Justice?I mean, what was your job, literally and physically?","Literally, I went to the scene of the crime. I was often the one who collected all the evidence. I also did photography of the crime scene. I did not do fingerprints. There was usually a technician who did that. Back at the laboratory, I would take all that evidence that I collected and inventoried, and I would begin a systematic investigation of that.","As an example, one case in the middle of my career was a triple homicide, and it was a great case from the physical-evidence standpoint. There was bullets. There was blood. There was saliva on cigarette butts. There was hair. There was soil. And I got to basically do it all. And what was really interesting is I presented all these evidence to the jury, laid out a scenario for the crime.","And during the time I was testifying, the defendant called his girlfriend and confessed the crime to her, and then threatened her with death if she ever talked. Well, five minutes later, she called the DA and told the DA about the confession. And she came in to testify at that point, and what she testified to was basically what I had testified to from the physical-evidence standpoint."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : None of the turns in this statement have a figurative or non-literal meaning. The speaker is describing a situation where a defendant in a criminal trial confessed to the crime during the speaker's testimony, and the defendant's girlfriend later corroborated the speaker's testimony with her own testimony.","questions":"Which testimony was corroborated by the defendant's girlfriend?","answer":"Physical-evidence"}
{"text":["Yeah. So they did the - this is an amazing study and a beautiful video because of their research. They have really lovely time-lapse movies of cucumbers growing. And, you know, you think of plants as planted. . .","They stay there.",". . . stationary, kind of boring.","They don't move. Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Plants are immobile, unlike humans who move around.","questions":"Which organisms are compared in the statement?","answer":"Plants,Humans"}
{"text":["That was the timeline that the president laid out today.","That's correct. Yeah. So it's a pretty tight time schedule in which they'll need to do a lot of development. I mean, there's nothing there. The area where they're going to develop the city is a protected forest. But there is not much infrastructure, apart from one highway that runs through it. So everything needs to be developed from scratch, which is going to be a massive challenge.","That is Erik Meijaard of the environmental consulting firm Borneo Futures. Erik Meijaard, thanks for talking to us.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The development of the city will be very difficult due to the lack of infrastructure.","questions":"How will the development of the city be impacted?","answer":"Challenge"}
{"text":["So the arch was selected by the director general of Antiquities and Museums himself as the first object for recreation. And we are in the process now of recreating it, for all appearances, be identical to the arch in terms of its physical appearance at the time of its destruction.","And will it be in the same place or just adjacent to the ruins?","So the plan now is for the arch to be displayed in three cities - in London and in New York and in Dubai. Then we've been invited by Syria to place the arch near the site in Palmyra where the original one stood. Now, needless to say, we'll need to ensure that we have all necessary permissions from our government and from the Syrian government before that happens. But that is the plan at the moment.","As I don't have to tell you, Mr.  Michel, digital reconstruction is getting so good it's created a controversy. And we've done stories in Bosnia and in Afghanistan where there are people who are concerned that these reconstructions, in their own way, try to expunge history."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : So the arch was selected by the director general of Antiquities and Museums himself as the first object for recreation. And we are in the process now of recreating it, for all appearances, be identical to the arch in terms of its physical appearance at the time of its destruction.  Implicated meaning: The speaker is referring to recreating the arch to the best of their ability to match its original physical appearance before it was destroyed. The implied meaning is that they are aiming for an accurate representation, rather than creating an exact replica.","questions":"What is the object that the director general of Antiquities and Museums selected for recreation?","answer":"Arch"}
{"text":["Yeah, indeed. Tell us about the damage from the storm. And were people prepared?","You know, people had evacuated low-lying coastal areas that are prone to flooding and that were in danger of a storm surge that would come from a hurricane like this. So people were prepared. But it looks like the main issue is going to be flooding. Here in downtown Mobile, some streets are underwater. South of here in some neighborhoods, there were some high-water rescues overnight - people who lived along waterways stranded in their homes where there are floodwaters.","And as you mentioned earlier, like, something - like, more, than 100,000 people out of power. And this is over a wide area - Mississippi, Alabama and then the Florida Panhandle, as well. So now it's time to sort of see what the damage is and what's next. And this storm is still moving. So there are going to be impacts felt for the rest of the day.","Just briefly - we have about 30 seconds left - are there enough resources to cope with all these disasters?It's been such an intense hurricane season."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Over 100,000 people are without power due to the storm","questions":"What is the approximate number of people who lost power due to the storm?","answer":"100,000"}
{"text":["Yeah. Yeah.","It could've taken a long time to write.","Yeah. Some playwright, you know, trying to, trying to, you know, solve the Alzheimer's problem. So, yeah.","But it can pull you in, right?You know, these mysteries of science."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The playwright is not really trying to solve Alzheimer's problem.","questions":"How genuine is the playwright's attempt to solve Alzheimer's problem?","answer":"Incomplete."}
{"text":["Confrontation between the two sides is always a risk. And there has been military confrontation between the United States and the Islamic Republic since the conception of the Islamic Republic, whether it was takeover of the American embassy, whether it was the bombing of the Marine barracks in Lebanon and, most recently, of course in terms of targeting American military personnel in Iraq. So that's the reality of the situation - that United States and Iran have always coexisted in a measure of a low-intensity conflict. However, both sides have always walked back from the brink in terms of total war, and I suspect it will be that way in this case as well.","So who blinks to get the two sides to the negotiating table, given that the rhetoric has been increasing; the violence has increased over the last month?How do they get out of this cycle?","Well, they were both heading toward the negotiations, and I think for the Iranians, a certain narrative of success was being established that could have served as a prelude to negotiations. Now comes again a series of American sanctions and Iranian responses.","Both sides at some point will get to their narrative of success. Iranians will suggest that they have withstood the American pressure and, therefore, they're prepared to talk. And the president has always been willing to talk without any conditions at any time. Then the Trump administration will also suggest that their policy of maximum pressure works. So at one point, when both sides declare victory, that's usually a prelude to the talks."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"narrative of success\" is a phrase that means a story or interpretation of events that presents oneself or one's country in a positive light. It does not refer to a literal story or book.","questions":"Which phrase refers to presenting oneself or one's country in a positive light?","answer":"Narrative-of-success"}
{"text":["A degree, yeah.","Yeah. We're talking Jay Kang about his article that ran in The New York Times magazine this past weekend, \"That Other School Shooting. \"And you're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","I wanted to ask you about another Korean-American you ran into. An Eagle Scout who, in fact, wanted to build a memorial garden.","Yeah, Kinsa Durst. He was - I think he is 19 now. You know, he's the type of the kid that I think every parent wants to, you know, at some way, their kid to grow up to be. He had sort of the same reaction that I had. And it was interesting to me that, you know, somebody so young who's father was not Korean but his father was Caucasian but living in Korea, I think, for a while, would be so honest about this idea that this reflects violent Koreans because Virginia Tech also happened, which I think is a quote he gave me verbatim.","And instead, you know, instead of sort of - I guess, sort of, wallowing in the shame of it or trying to suppress the connection or even sort of bearing it with post-modern, sort of, academic speak about how we, you know, no one person should represent anybody else. And he went on built a peace garden in front of the school with commemorative stones for the dead. And on - during one of the memorial services that I attended, he gave this talk about how he wanted to help Korean and American relations."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"And he went on built a peace garden\" - The literal meaning is that Kinsa Durst constructed a peace garden. The actual meaning is that Kinsa Durst took action to honor the victims of the shooting and to promote peace between Korean and American communities by building a peace garden.","questions":"What did Kinsa Durst build?","answer":"Garden"}
{"text":["Well, it's a really interesting response. I mean, she didn't say that she didn't do it. She claimed someone had been hacking her Instagram account, but she was very upset, that she was pregnant and she was seeking legal advice.","Give me a little bit of a sense of how big a story this is in Britain today.","It's the story that everybody needs right now, and it appears that people just can't or won't think of anything else. You've got some of the most serious political journalists in the country joking that maybe we could get Coleen Rooney into No. 10 where the prime minister lives in order to work out who's leaking the Brexit stories that are dominating the front-page headlines. But, honestly, it's just been the respite we've all been hoping for. It's been pouring with rain and sort of doom and gloom in the headlines, and sometimes you just need a little bit of cheer. That's the tea from here.","That is Elizabeth Paton, European style reporter for The New York Times based in London. Elizabeth Paton, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She claimed someone was obtaining illegal access to her Instagram account.","questions":"Which social media platform was being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Instagram"}
{"text":["Well, tomorrow, it's going to be a lot of pomp and circumstance. There'll be a wreath-laying at Westminster Abbey. There'll be a state dinner in the evening with the Queen at Buckingham Palace tomorrow, a meeting with Prime Minister May. Of course, she's a lame duck, so we're not expecting a lot there on the policy front. The big thing tomorrow is going to be street protests.","And what are we expecting there?","Huge numbers. There are going to be buses coming in from around England. The streets are going to be jammed. Londoners, of course, very progressive - this is a cosmopolitan city. And they tend to really dislike this president. His anti-immigration policies, his things that he said about women - it just really rubs Londoners the wrong way.","We'll be seeing a lot of things that - a lot of signs, clever signs, which is what British protesters are known for. And we'll also see Tuesday morning the Trump baby blimp make a reappearance. This is the blimp of Trump in a diaper and crying and looking - he's in the form of a baby. Very popular, and I'm sure we'll see lots of people out there when that goes aloft in Parliament Square."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : lame duck implies the person is a failure or couldn't achieve success ","questions":"Which term describes the Prime Minister in turn 0?","answer":"Lameduck"}
{"text":["And now to another story we'll hear more about this week. It starts with a number - $90 billion. That's about how much Uber is expected to be worth when it goes public - that despite the fact the company has never actually turned a profit. It's made plenty of money but never more than it spends. Its move to go public and consolidate power comes at a time when Americans are questioning the power of Silicon Valley and leading politicians are calling for the breakup of tech giants. New York Times opinion columnist Farhad Manjoo recently called the Uber IPO a moral stain on Silicon Valley. He admitted his once-bright-eyed take on the startup has dimmed dramatically. He's here to talk with us about why. And he joins us from Mountain View, Calif. Welcome.","Hi. Good to be here.","You say you used to be a naive baby tech pundit who bought into the Uber hype, fanboy of sorts. These are your words. But this past week in your column, you lamented, what's become of Uber?What exactly are you lamenting?","Yeah, I mean, I once thought that Uber could be a win for everyone. You know, we used to - in cities, we used to sort of have these taxi cartels which limited supply and didn't really offer a great service. And Uber seemed like a better version of the taxi. And it also kind of offered these environmental promises. We'd have, you know, people using cars more efficiently. Like, Uber promised that it could get us - you know, more people in cars, get fewer cars on the road."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker used to believe Uber was a positive disruptor in the transportation industry, but now feels differently due to issues with the company's business practices and impact on society.","questions":"What did the speaker once believe about Uber and what caused them to change their opinion?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["Milliseconds. It happens really quick, and it's something that you just don't think about. It actually just a reflex and it happened. And it was like I said a rarity. The one prior to mine was in 1927. So it was 40 some years between the one that was made and mine.","The thing is, I wonder if people in the stands even realized what had happened - because this goes by so quickly. It's not even like watching a home run. If you watch a home run the ball kind of hangs in the air for three or four seconds or so. This is over even faster than that. Bang.","To tell you the truth. On my part it was such a rarity that even I had not thought about the unassisted part of the play. I realized at the time that it was a triple play. You know, it was all three outs, but had never really thought about the unassisted part because it was such a rarity that no one ever really talked about them.","Ron, was that moment it for you in your baseball career?Is that - what could be better than that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The rareness of the event made it unexpected and surprising.","questions":"How was the event described by A?","answer":"Reflex"}
{"text":["Oh, yes. You know, capitalism evolved into the Wild, Wild West form of capitalism in which regulation was relatively lax, I mean, which leverage in borrowing produced the combined phenomena where, you know, everyone assumed that prices of everything would always go up and never go down. Witness the phenomena with housing prices.","Now, all of that's changed. We've understood that there's a need for regulation, for control in terms of lending, and for an assumption of reduced expectations in terms of return. And so, yeah, capitalism as defined over the past 10 or 20 years, in which prices only went down for a year or two, and then they snapped back up and reached for accelerated and new highs, those days are disappearing quickly.","Bill Gross is Managing Director of Pacific Investment Management Company, which has more than $720 billion of investments. Bill, thank you.","Thank you very much, Alex."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Capitalism has changed and now requires more regulation and reduced expectations in terms of return. Prices are not assumed to always go up anymore.","questions":"How did capitalism evolve according to A?","answer":"Wild"}
{"text":["But you can actually trace the Denisovan material in some populations but not in others in Island Southeast Asia. It's very easy to see because it's very distinct from modern human DNA. It's kind of like a medical imaging dye, and you can actually see who carries them and who doesn't and what the gene flow and migration patterns were.","Fascinating, David Reich, thank you for taking time to be with us today.","Thank you.","And good luck to you. I know you're going to go out hunting for more fossils, more Denisovans."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Denisovan material is identifiable in some populations but not in others, and it's easy to distinguish it from modern human DNA","questions":"What is the material that is distinguishable from modern human DNPersonA in some populations?","answer":"Denisovan"}
{"text":["Even 43 years ago, the - climate change was an issue. We just didn't know it yet. Among the things that was occurring that has occurred since then has been an amazing improvement in climate science.","There has been - there were very few meteorologists beyond those doing the, you know, the daily weather reports. Climate science was not a big thing because climate had not been changing. I mean, the period since the beginning of agriculture, 11,000 years ago, has been one of rather remarkable climate stability. So the idea of climate change is a relatively recent concept. And then - and the process of human-driven climate change is quite recent historically.","And we look at, oh, I guess, probably the biggest example is looking at the past through either tree rings or ice cores to get an idea of what has happened in previous periods of climactic change.","Yeah. It's - I mean, we look at these indirect indicators to sort of reconstruct earlier periods in the earth's history or in human history. And what we do know is that for the 11,000 years since agriculture began, things have been sort of stable. But now, suddenly, the farmers now on the land are the first generation of farmers to have to cope with climate change. I mean, we've always had to. When I was farming back in the '50s, we had to worry about weather, you know, and how the weather would affect that particular year's crop. If climate change was not on the - on our minds then, we didn't even know that we were we were going to be changing climate as we now are."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The idea of climate change is not new but our understanding of it has improved.","questions":"Which concept has only recently been recognized historically?","answer":"Climatechange"}
{"text":["Well, the justification I think is a good one for nonprofit organizations like Scholarly Societies that really do operate on pretty much a cost recovery model. The commercial ventures, though, that have the profit margins in the 30 and 40 percent range, there really is no justification. They're profit-maximizing businesses, which is fine. The question is, should such businesses be built around information that's vital to the public's good and the public's health?","When these scholars do articles, who gets - do they get any of that money?","They're unpaid. The authors of these articles traditionally contribute the work of writing the articles, the work of reviewing and verifying the information, and they're not paid.","I can see why universities might feel that they were paying too much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker understands why universities might feel that they are paying too much. Implied Meaning: The speaker implies that universities are burdened with excessive costs, possibly related to the payment or compensation for scholarly articles, which prompts their concern about paying too much.","questions":"What prompts universities' concern about paying too much?","answer":"Excessive"}
{"text":["Glad to be here, Michel.","So you said that Thomas Jefferson was the first to hold July 4 celebrations at the White House in 1881 because he was the first to live in the White House during the Fourth of July. What did he do?","Well, Jefferson just had a little reception for some citizens and some officials. And they had some punch and some cakes, and they had some Italian musicians in to play some music. And this sort of set the trend for future presidents where they had receptions during July 4, something very low-key. And, in 1841, John Tyler had a dinner on that day, and he had turtle soup with - made from a 300-pound turtle they brought in from Key West, Fla.  And then, that night, they walked across the street to Lafayette Square, and they watched the fireworks, which has been part of the July 4 celebration from the very beginning.","So it seems as though the previous presidents had pretty low-key celebrations. This turtle soup was kind of fancy. But the letter from House Democratic leaders state that the Fourth of July celebrations have always been, quote, \"nonpartisan and apolitical. \"Is that true?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : July 4 celebrations were not always low-key and small, and turtle soup was not the only fancy dish served during the celebration.","questions":"Which dish, besides turtle soup, was served during July 4 celebrations and considered fancy?","answer":"cake"}
{"text":["So tell me - is it something special when these holidays overlap?They are generally close, but not like this year where they're just - one is right on top of the other one.","That's right. They don't always overlap for reasons that have to do with oddities in astronomical calculations than anything else because they actually share a common history. And I think that it is special when they overlap because Christians are certainly able to see more readily how the roots of their Easter celebrations are intimately connected with the celebration of Passover. And perhaps Jews also see the sense of affinity that they have with their Christian neighbors and perhaps find other ways in which their own celebrations are illuminated.","You know, one of the things that is said every year at the Seder that I go to is that the last supper was a seder.","That's absolutely right. We can't be sure that it was a seder quite like those that are more familiar from recent times because, in fact, strange as it may seem, the stories of the Last Supper are among the oldest evidence we have for anybody celebrating a seder. And yet they don't include some of those lovely details that are familiar to so many - the series of cups of wine or all the special foods or the questions that are asked. But it's absolutely true that the bulk of the earliest Christian material identifies the Last Supper as a meal celebrated at Passover by Jesus with His disciples, even though they're a bit short on the ritual detail."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning behind this turn is that Christians and Jews can find commonality in their respective holiday celebrations, thus creating a sense of connection. ","questions":"What connection is suggested between the Passover and the Easter celebrations?","answer":"Roots"}
{"text":["The best thing you can do is to reach the end of the campaign and have people say, well, we got a fair look at the candidates from the beginning to the end. We got a fair look at the two nominees of the major parties. We got a fair look at the third party candidates. And we got a fair look at all the competitors back in the primaries. I don't think you can say that at all is going to be exactly the same number of minutes devoted to each.","For example, Bob Barr, the Libertarian Party candidate will not get nearly as much coverage as the two major party candidates. And we will try but we will probably not achieve absolute perfect mathematical equalness of numbers in the minutes and seconds to go to each of the two major party candidates, but we will try.","So, NPR's White House correspondent, Don Gonyea is with Senator Obama in Jordan, today. So, is his reporting there going to get the bulk of the news today?","Not really the bulk. There will be a four-minute report from Don Gonyea on All Things Considered tonight. We did get him briefly into the newscast that you've just heard a few moments ago. And we did get a little bit of an update to what he had done for this morning's Morning Edition. But we also had a discussion of John McCain's campaign on in Morning Edition right after that. And there will be a discussion of what John McCain is saying right this minute at his note town hall in New Hampshire on that same All Things Considered tonight, of about the same length as Don Gonyea's report from Amman, Jordan."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a fair look implies being favorable or positively minded about something ","questions":"How does turn 0 imply people's perception of the candidates?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me. I'm glad to be here.","What's the mood like in Columbus ahead of tonight's game?","First of all, it's been amazing. We've had great attendance. Our first game was a sell-out. And I think the mood is obviously interested to find out who this next national champion's going to be. Mississippi State has never won a national championship. And obviously, Notre Dame - they are a staple in the Final Four. But it would be just their second national title.","What can we expect tonight between Mississippi State and Notre Dame?What can we see?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is excited about the interest and attendance at the games","questions":"How would you describe the PersonA's sentiment towards the attendance and interest at the games?","answer":"Enthusiastic"}
{"text":["So what is the argument that tech companies make about the feasibility of designing technology that would satisfy everyone's concerns?","We're not all on the same page here. So most of us in the technology community are opposed to what we call backdoors that would allow law enforcement to tap in. And the reason is is if you put a backdoor in, hackers can presumably get a hold of that backdoor as well and break it open. So you make systems less secure for everyone if you do that.","At a Senate hearing this month, FBI Director James Comey says he thinks that experts in this field aren't really trying hard enough to give the government access without also putting confidential data at risk. That is, I took it to mean that he's - thinks that if you try hard enough, you can think of something that is not a backdoor, that's different so that not everybody could get into it.","You know, yes, you can always argue that a backdoor can be built that's more secure, you know, and more difficult to get to and only law enforcement's going to get there. But nobody in the field of security believes that's ultimately going to provide this same protection that a tight end-to-end solution has without a backdoor. So I don't think it's a lack of will. I think it's an issue of what people view as constitutional rights under the Fourth Amendment, number one, and what customers and business partners expect around the world from secure computing systems. And it's a difference of view."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : : In (3), James Comey is implying that experts in the field should be able to come up with a solution that would allow the government to access confidential data without compromising security, which is not the same as saying that if they try hard enough, they can come up with a different type of backdoor.","questions":"How does James Comey think experts in the field should be able to give the government access to confidential data without compromising security?","answer":"Comey"}
{"text":[". . . They make you very proud.","What can you tell us about Paola Zambrano and Mark Gorman?","Both of these kids were awesome young people. Paola - Paola, you know, died when she was going to be a junior, so she finished two years of high school. And, you know, during her freshman year, she was diagnosed with colon cancer. And we knew it was a serious situation. And we, you know, quite frankly didn't think that she'd be - you know, continue down that road of going to high school because we knew it was terminal.","And, you know, to her credit, she decided she was going to keep coming every day, had great attendance, went through her chemos and her therapies and was a model student for her family and for herself. She was very - a very proud young lady. And she had hopes and dreams beyond high school that unfortunately she was never. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implied meaning of the statement \"They make you very proud\" is that the person is proud of their achievements.","questions":"What was the diagnosis of Paola Zambrano during her freshman year?","answer":"Cancer"}
{"text":["But you also said let me reassure you, I've seen the quality of that work. In other words, these plans are viable, credible, ready to go?","Yes, I have. I did say that. Part of my job in the Pentagon was the oversight - civilian oversight of military planning, and one of the things that we've, you know, we're charged with is to prepare options for the president no matter the contingency. And certainly, there are very viable plans with regard to contingencies involving Iran. But again, the judgment is at this point that's not where the focus should be.","And as you know, Israel has - well, has plans of its own - contingencies. And I know a large part of your speech was devoted to the idea that they should hold off and reassuring them the United States would take action if necessary and that Israeli action would be counterproductive. More counterproductive than an American strike?","Well, my point to them was we have a shared objective here - preventing Iran from getting nuclear weapons and that, you know, any military action really only buys time. It's a delaying action for one to three years. It sets the program back, but it doesn't solve the fundamental problem of Iran's pursuit of a nuclear weapons capability. To do that, you'll need a continued international campaign with sanctions, with negotiations to eventually change their calculus."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"And I know a large part of your speech was devoted to the idea that they should hold off and reassuring them the United States would take action if necessary and that Israeli action would be counterproductive.\" - The actual meaning here is not about the meaning of the words used but rather about the speaker acknowledging the content of the other person's speech and seeking clarification.","questions":"What did PersonB say about the content of PersonA's speech?","answer":"Hold-off"}
{"text":["The reason for this shrinkage, the leagues will tell you, is that televised sport has beaten the live experience. As the TVs got better, the traffic got worse, I guess. And the couch beckoned. I just got back from Disney World. Disney movies are clearly cheaper and easier to get to than the live experience. And yet millions more people flock to the Magic Kingdom than did 10 years ago. There is an \"Avatar\" ride that had a wait time of - let me check the app. It's on an app now - three hours, five minutes. But with baseball and football, there is so little attention paid to the experience in the park. How about good Wi-Fi or some milling-about zones and food that challenges our collective delusion that Dodger Dogs aren't inferior, cylindrical foodstuffs?We have been gaslit about Fenway Franks.","Then there's the gouging. The New York Jets will charge you 40 to $50 for parking. And when you enter the stadium, you have to watch the New York Jets. Owners can continue to shrink their stadiums and their ambitions or they can start rewarding fans who literally give their teams the home field advantage as something other than chickens to be plucked or geese to be fattened before slaughter. Don't the fans have enough experience with slaughter, especially when we're talking about fans of the Jets, Rays and Raiders?","(Singing) Take me out. . .","No, I'm not going to do that. Commentator Mike Pesca hosts the Slate podcast The Gist, which is still very affordable and welcomes new fans. He also wrote the book \"Upon Further Review. \""],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  is to sing, but the implied meaning is to not take the conversation in the direction being presented.","questions":"Which action is implied by turn 2?","answer":"Sing"}
{"text":["Well, in some states, let's say New Mexico, Latinos went for Obama 69 to 30. So that was quite decisive. And in Colorado, it was also a decisive victory, 73 to 27 for Obama.","You know, thinking back to the primaries, there was a question at one point about whether Barack Obama would be able to appeal to Latinos. This was sort of one of the great problems he was supposed to have. And he seems to have solved that problem rather decisively.","Now, let's talk about white voters. That was also a big question mark. And he did get a firm portion of white voters, the largest share of white support of any Democrat in a two-man race since 1976. But still more white voters went for McCain.","One of things that Obama was able to do is shrink that margin. Republicans tend to do better with white voters and have traditionally done better. So, it's not surprising that they went to the Republican. What's important for Obama as a governing matter is that he was able to shrink that margin, that he doesn't seem to have a quote, unquote \"problem\" with those kinds of voters. Again, this was a big issue during the primaries and in the general election, and, in fact, among younger white voters, he did quite well."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Obama received significant white support but still lost the white vote","questions":"Which group did Obama receive significant support from, but still ultimately lost the vote?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Hi - so glad to have you with us. And let me start here. Just to recap this war of words, Iran says the U. S.  is lying about where the drone was shot down. The U. S.  says Iran is lying. How are we likely to know?How will this be resolved beyond a take one person's word over the other situation?How do they figure that out?","Well, first, there is, obviously, the release of the actual location data for where the BAMS or Broad Area Maritime Surveillance aircraft was flying. That - hopefully, it will be released shortly by Central Command. But part of it, too, Mary Louise, is the fact that there's absolutely no reason for this aircraft to have to fly over Iran to gather the data that the U. S.  military was interested in gathering.","You're saying there's circumstantial evidence that just - why would it have been there?- which tends to support the U. S.  position.","Well, right. And no U. S.  commander - speaking from experience - would put the aircraft in that kind of a situation. And for your audience, that reason is that, unlike aircraft - surveillance aircraft in the past, the kind of sensor systems that are onboard this drone are such that they can see dozens and dozens and dozens of miles away from the aircraft. So, you know, it's flying up above 50,000 feet over the Strait of Hormuz. It can monitor the entire strait plus see inside Iran without having to fly over it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The drone could monitor inside Iran without entering Iranian airspace.","questions":"What was the altitude of the drone?","answer":"50,000"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And that's something that my father always stressed upon my sisters and me and that we've all thought it's very important that you should be engaged in the process. In this case it is a political process, because the process of electing our government leaders is one that will have a direct impact on whether we're here and what we do here. So it's fine to criticize, but at the same time if you're not engaged in the process I feel that's a real discredit to everything you try to protest against.","Do you sense a great excitement among the men and women there about the election?","Well, there's certainly a lot of open questions, a lot of us are wondering if Barack Obama's elected versus John McCain and vice versa, whether that will have an effect not just on this tour, but on future military careers because we have a lot of soldiers and a lot of officers who are planning to make a military career and I'm not one of them. I'm going to be leaving active duty when we return from this tour.","But for those soldiers especially, the big question now is, when and how soon they'll have to deploy to Afghanistan. Because many of these soldiers are on their third, some even on their fourth tour here to Iraq. And so now they're looking at another open ended involvement in Afghanistan. And so they've got a lot of questions about that and so we're really just curious right now what both candidates - what decisions they'll make."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"make a military career\" - this means pursuing a long-term career in the military, not literally constructing a military career.","questions":"What does \"make a military career\" mean?","answer":"LongTerm"}
{"text":["Yeah. The numbers aren't necessarily looking his way.","No.","Glenn Thrush is the chief political correspondent of Politico. Thanks so much for being back with us.","Great to be here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : has a literal meaning of \"Yes, the numbers aren't looking good for the person,\" but its actual meaning is \"It looks like the person isn't likely to succeed.\"","questions":"What does turn 0 imply about the person's success?","answer":"Unlikely"}
{"text":["So Flame has - so far they've found about 20 modules that can be swapped in and out, and they do everything from turning on the internal microphone and webcam on your computer, this way that they could record conversations that you have over Skype or conversations that you have in the room, in the vicinity of the computer.","It takes screenshots of your communications. They seem particularly interested in any email communications or instant messaging communication that you do. It also turns your computer into a Bluetooth beacon. So if you have Bluetooth enabled on your computer, they will turn that on and do a discovery for other Bluetooth-enabled devices in the vicinity, such as a phone, and they will use your computer to then siphon the contact information that is in any phone in the area.","Wow. Wow.","Why all those things?I mean, what's the reason for that?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"swapped in and out\" is a figurative expression that means different modules can be inserted or removed from the Flame software.","questions":"How many modules can be swapped in and out in Flame software?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["So I do miss it, but you know, I don't miss it enough to go back anytime soon. I'm not going to volunteer.","When you think about the losses, people who have been killed and some of the ones who've been profoundly injured in ways where they'll never lead an independent life again, do you ever ask yourself the question: Is it worth it?Is that a question you ask yourself?","No, I can never ask that question. Because if I do, then I'll start doubting my orders and doubting my job. But I will tell you this: Up to the point to where we caught Saddam Hussein, you know, one life is too many to lose, but it was worth the lives up until that point. So from that point on to now, as long as catch bin Laden, we free people, and we do our jobs, it'll be worth it. I'm not saying that we should have any American young men and women killed, but as long as we get the job done, then that's the sacrifice we have to make, even if it takes my own.","Well, Jeremiah, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : No, I can never ask that question. Because if I do, then I'll start doubting my orders and doubting my job. But I will tell you this: Up to the point to where we caught Saddam Hussein, you know, one life is too many to lose, but it was worth the lives up until that point. So from that point on to now, as long as we catch bin Laden, we free people, and we do our jobs, it'll be worth it. I'm not saying that we should have any American young men and women killed, but as long as we get the job done, then that's the sacrifice we have to make, even if it takes my own.  In turn (3), the actual meaning is different from the literal meaning. The speaker states that they cannot ask themselves whether the losses are worth it, as it would lead to doubting their orders and job, implying that they have a duty to follow orders regardless of the human cost. This suggests a belief in a greater cause or duty, beyond one's own personal beliefs or values. This is different from the literal meaning, which would suggest that the speaker is simply unable to ask the question for personal reasons.","questions":"Which point does the speaker consider worth the lives lost until in turn 2?","answer":"Saddam"}
{"text":["So I think - I think we're - we have to understand the complexity of it. I think we have to understand that the president has put together a good team on this. And now we're really looking at the next step. But I do think it's important to underscore that in this kind of negotiation, especially at this high level, you get to walk away from the table once. You don't get to walk away from the table twice.","Right. I mean, you used a phrase there, pick up the pieces. It's not just President Trump and North Korea. It's the president's son-in-law trying to almost single handedly bring Middle East peace after the United States took a move like moving the embassy to Jerusalem. You know, some would say that the Trump administration gives away the carrots, like moving the embassy to Jerusalem, without getting concessions and only selectively applies the sticks, like curtailing Palestinian aid. Doesn't that make it harder to negotiate?","Sometimes it can. Sometimes, however, that - what you want to do is try to rearrange the pieces on the table and do so in ways that are surprising or unexpected and can open space for - for talks and negotiations.","Do you think Jared Kushner is the man to do that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is not a table but people get to leave the negotiation.","questions":"What do you get to do once in this kind of negotiation, especially at this high level?","answer":"Walk"}
{"text":["Yeah.","The Land O' Lakes butter box - there's a Native American on that. And an informal poll of people taken around here suggests a lot of people don't even see her.","Well, she's in your refrigerator. And God knows what she's doing at night. I never look closely at it myself. I do buy that brand. And when you look at it closely, what you see is she's kneeling. And she's holding the box that she's in. And so it recedes into infinity. In other words, you know, in that box, you see her again and again and again. So it's this amazing combination of American identity, a generic Indian with really brilliant graphic design that, you know, you don't really notice. But I really do think she's up to something at night in the refrigerator.","(Laughter) I'll check. Is it offensive?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A: \"And God knows what she's doing at night.\" - This is a figurative expression that means the speaker imagines or wonders what the Native American figure on the Land O' Lakes butter box is doing when no one is looking, rather than actually believing that she is doing something.","questions":"How does the speaker view the Native American figure on the Land O' Lakes butter box?","answer":"Imagination"}
{"text":["So one of the most famous stories about Julie takes place at a royal ball, at the Palais Royal. She attended in men's clothes. She often dressed in men's clothes, in the way that Katharine Hepburn dressed in men's clothes, not pretending to be a man, just, that was her style. And she saw a young woman on the dance floor, beautiful young woman, and she kissed her. Everyone gasped. And three men, one after another, three noblemen challenged her to a duel. So she said to them, one after another, yes, I'll meet you outside at midnight. Fought them, one after another, beat them all and then returned to the ball.","(Laughter) Just another night at the palace.","As you do, that's right. And, you know, that really sealed her reputation as a wild, uncontained woman who just did not care about any of the protocols.","Yeah. And how important was historical accuracy to you as a novelist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"Just another night at the palace\" is an idiomatic expression used to suggest that the situation described is not unusual or surprising. It does not mean that such events commonly occur at the palace.","questions":"What is the meaning of the idiomatic expression used by B?","answer":"Idiomatic"}
{"text":["And so, finally, what would affect this backlog?What would be the most - in your view, based on your experience - the most effective way to address this backlog - this enormous backlog of cases?","I think, to begin with, any high-volume court system - criminal courts, you know, outside of the immigration system - can only survive when you have - the two parties are able to conference cases, are able to reach pre-case settlements, are able to reach agreements on things. If you could imagine in the criminal court system, if every jaywalking case had to go through a - you know, a full jury trial and then, you know, get appealed all the way up as high as it could go, that system would be in danger of collapse as well. So I think you have to return to a system where you allow the two sides to negotiate things.","And you also have to give the judges - let them be judges. Give them the tools they need to be judges and the independence they need to be judges. And lastly, you have to prioritize the cases.","Before we let you go, I assume that there were different political perspectives at this conference, given that people come from all different sectors of that - of the bar. And I just wondered - and I assume that there are some there who favor more restrictionist methods and some who don't. I was wondering, overall, was there a mood at this conference?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : cases implies situations, issues or conditions and not suitcases or packs","questions":"What is being prioritized in the dialogue?","answer":"Cases"}
{"text":["But writing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers report that they have been able to trace back the origins of viticulture in France to about 500 BC, using a combination of archaeological detective work and biomolecular approaches in the lab. And one of the men who's been studying the origins of winemaking for many years, the man some people call the Indiana Jones of wine, is Patrick McGovern, scientific director of the Biomolecular Archaeology Laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology in Philadelphia.","He's authored many books, including \"Ancient Wine: A Search for the Origins of Viniculture,\" \"Uncorking the Past: The Quest for Wine, Beer and Other Alcoholic Beverages. \"He joins us this week. Welcome.","Hello, Ira, nice to talk to you.","Why do they call you the Indiana Jones of. . ."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Why do they call the person an adventurist risk taker?","questions":"How is Patrick McGovern referred to by some people?","answer":"IndianaJones"}
{"text":["First of all, there is a lag time of - it's several months before raw material costs work their way all the way through the system. And farmers will be quick to tell you that they only get 20 cents from every food dollar. The rest of it goes to processing and labor and transportation. So all of these other factors also effect what we're paying at the grocery store.","Essentially the department is assuming that the volatility in the prices for energy and commodities is going to be with us for a while, at least through the middle of next year. In other words, the recent trends of lower prices for oil and other commodities isn't going to last, and if you look at today's spike in the price of oil, that's a good case in point.","John, you mentioned how we'll be seeing this at the grocery store. What about at restaurants?","Well, that's interesting. USDA forecast compares prices of food at home with those away from home. And in 2005 and 06, restaurant price and inflation was much higher than in grocery stores, but that changed last year and this year and supposedly will continue next year. Restaurants are now raising prices more slowly than grocery stores. Basically, restaurants are trying to absorb some of their higher food costs to cushion the blow to their customers and to keep them coming in."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"farmers will be quick to tell you\" - This is an idiomatic expression that means farmers are likely to agree or acknowledge this statement rather than being quick to say something.","questions":"How do farmers react to the statement?","answer":"Acknowledge"}
{"text":["The rules were meant to give people more control over the data that the Internet providers collect about them. Telecom and cable companies were supposed to start getting explicit consent from customers before selling some of the more sensitive information, things related to finances or health. And there were other requirements for increased transparency and security.","So they were going to have to get your actual consent before they could sell that information, right?","The technical term was opt in.","So given that those rules won't be going into effect, does that mean, let's say, my Internet provider - say Comcast - can sell to an advertiser a package that says here's what Lulu Garcia-Navarro reads online and watches on TV?","Well, so practically that's unlikely. You might have seen some stories of activists pouncing back against the lawmakers who repealed the rules. Folks were raising tons of money online, tens of thousands of dollars, to presumably buy the browsing history and other data about those lawmakers themselves - sort of you sold our privacy, well, we will buy yours. But that's not exactly how this market works. You can't go to Comcast and say, give me everything you've got on Senator Jeff Flake. And frankly, the advertisers don't really sit around and say, let's go after Lulu or Alina. They say, let's go after all women in a particular age group in the Washington area, and then, they buy ad targeting for individuals in that cohort.","OK. So what data do Internet providers actually collect then?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Literally, the turn means that activists were raising money to buy the browsing history and other data about lawmakers who repealed the rules, and that advertisers do not target individuals but rather a specific group.","questions":"Which information were activists raising money to buy?","answer":"browsing"}
{"text":["Anna Sommer Schneider is a professor of Jewish civilization at Georgetown. This past week, the country's president signed a law that would punish anyone who suggests Poland was complicit in the Holocaust. Critics, including Israel and the U. S.  State Department, say the law will stifle discussion about those atrocities and cover up the role of Poles who killed or denounced Jews during World War II. For Schneider, this debate is personal. In 1977, she was born in the same town as Poland's most infamous concentration camp.","Despite the fact that I was born and raised literally in the shadows of the gas chambers, there was very little information available for me at that time - what Auschwitz really was.","Auschwitz was a taboo topic in her family. And the word Holocaust was not widely used in communist Poland. But as Schneider grew older, she wanted to learn more about what had happened during the war. She got her Ph. D.  in Jewish studies, eventually converted to Judaism. And for the last two decades, she's given tours of Auschwitz. She tells me even today, people see Jews in Poland as others, highlighting a long history of anti-Semitism in the country.","When we teach about Holocaust in Polish classrooms today, we often talk about Jews as strangers who lived in our country."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The new law signed by the president of Poland will stifle discussions on the atrocities committed by Poles against Jews during the Holocaust.","questions":"Which law will suppress conversation about the Holocaust in Poland?","answer":"Law"}
{"text":["That's right. Even as he says he's open to talking with China, the president has left in place this latest round of tariffs, and the tariff rate is still 15%. That's up from 10% when the tax was initially announced.","Trump is also threatening to raise the tariff rate on another $250 billion worth of Chinese imports that are already being taxed at 25%. Trump wants to raise that to 30% on October 1 unless there's some kind of deal between now and then. U. S.  and Chinese negotiators are supposed to meet here in Washington sometime this month in September, but we haven't seen a real date yet.","How is all this affecting businesses, consumers?","Consumers are still spending pretty freely. We got new numbers from the Commerce Department on Friday showing consumer spending grew at a solid pace in July. And that's encouraging because consumer spending has been the most durable pillar propping up the economy."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Spending is not an actual pillar but the strongest part of the economy.","questions":"Which part of the economy has been the most durable?","answer":"Consumer"}
{"text":["No. But what about the misinformation campaign that we keep discovering more about, hacking, what seems to be just a lot of Russian involvement on a lot of different fronts?Why - what is the Russian interest in causing unrest or consternation in the United States or Western Europe?","Well, actually, I think that causing unrest and consternation is an end in itself. And part of it - part of the goa; is psychological. You know, all of us are interested in seeing our worldviews affirmed. And Russia's worldview - the Russian - the contemporary Russian ideology is that the whole world is rotten. Everybody is corrupt. Everything is for sale. Elections and the United States are just as rigged as they are in Russia. And so sowing the kind of disruption that Russia is sowing first and foremost pursues the goal of affirming that view.","Much of your book is devoted to the stories of four Russians who'd hoped that when the Soviet Union came undone, free speech and democracy would take hold. What happened instead?","Well, actually, those four Russians were much too young to hope for anything when the Soviet Union collapsed. They were preschoolers or kindergarteners when the Soviet Union collapsed. But what happened - and I was interested in them because they came of age - you know, they - or they became human beings in the 1990s, a period that is variously portrayed as a flowering of democracy or as a period of chaos and, you know, robber barons and that sort of thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) the literal meaning of \"hoped\" is different from the implied meaning of \"came of age\" which is that they were old enough to form their own opinions.","questions":"How did the four Russians featured in the book become human beings?","answer":"Preschoolers"}
{"text":["There's a number of them that the federal prosecutors mentioned, things like excessive purchases with cash in some pharmacies, purchases from well out of the region of the pharmacies. And these are opioid purchases we're talking about - excessively high percentages of sales of fentanyl patches and opioid oxycodone painkillers from some pharmacies and some of the larger pharmacies that RDC dealt with. So those are some of the things that the feds highlighted.","Two RDC executives face charges. What are they accused of?","Basically sort of being players in this whole, you know, alleged kind of ignorance or willing ignorance, I should say, of RDC's role in the opioid epidemic, the things we talked about - you know, just sort of closing your eyes to pharmacies that were obviously pushing painkilling prescription meds onto the streets in big numbers. And the allegations are that the former CEO, Larry Doud, and former compliance officer were key in allowing this to happen internally and just ignored all the signs. One has pleaded guilty and is cooperating. And Doud is facing the criminal charges.","You've talked a lot about the pharmacies here. And so I'm wondering, what about them?And what about the doctors making the orders?Are they being held accountable?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"excessively high percentages of sales\" - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning because \"excessively high\" means a lot or too much, but it is not necessarily related to a specific number or percentage.","questions":"How would you describe the percentage of fentanyl patches and opioid oxycodone painkillers sold by some of the pharmacies mentioned by federal prosecutors?","answer":"Lot"}
{"text":["Are you going to zap it and drill it?Because I know you have a big drill onboard, too.","Yes, we will. We hope to. The idea of this drive is to give us time to check out the rest of the sampling hardware. We will be able to take ChemCam laser measurements as we go, but we do need to do a little bit more work to check out the scoop, for example, and the drill. And so that'll take us, you know, probably another month or so to get all that hardware checked out.","By that point, we hope to be at the - in the area of the Glenelg area, and so it'll be good timing to try to get our first samples.","So you'll be testing out while you're moving, along the way?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B said zap it and drill it by zap they mean by firing a laser. ","questions":"Which tool did PersonB refer to as 'zap' in the dialogue?","answer":"Laser"}
{"text":["Well, you know, performance is really one of making sure you understand and document what's expected of you in your given role. One of the mistakes I see many professionals make, minority or otherwise, is they don't document and understand really what's expected of them.","And so they go throughout the whole year performing at what they may thing is the optimum level, only to get to the end of the year and find out that they've missed a mark. They're not doing one-on-ones or meetings quarterly or monthly with their manager, and so it's really important that if, you're going to track your performance that you understand what's expected, but more importantly that you follow up to make sure that you're on course.","Now, you have these performance evaluations in some cases, and is that a 100 percent of your success?How much are we talking about?","Yeah, I'm a big believer that success in corporate America, that performance really accounts for 50 percent of that. And what I mean by that is if you go back to childhood, most of what we were taught as children was you are rewarded based on how well you performed."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"they go throughout the whole year performing at what they may think is the optimum level, only to get to the end of the year and find out that they've missed a mark\" - The literal meaning is that they perform well all year but still don't meet expectations, but the actual meaning is that they don't understand what's expected of them and therefore can't perform well.","questions":"What do professionals miss despite performing at the optimum level all year?","answer":"Expectations"}
{"text":["Yes, absolutely. And to all of who are - and even though I don't do it anymore, I mean, it's like really once a clown always a clown. Once you've been a real performing clown you realize you've tapped into something big and universal and eternal. It's a frustration to us because clown, which was a word that used to be associated with joy and laughter and happiness, now has a lot of negative connotations to it. You know, you got characters like Crusty the Clown on \"The Simpsons\" and there are members of Congress.","By the way, isn't it amazing this year I think there's a record number of members of Congress who are retiring at the same time there's a shortage of clowns?What doesn't work here?","I'm reacting almost reflexively with regret and woe over a clown shortage. But I'm wondering, I mean, you know, there are not as many shepherds as there used to be. Is this just - to my knowledge - is this just something we have to. . .","They certainly are in my living room."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In (3), the speaker is questioning the importance of the clown shortage compared to other shortages, such as the shortage of shepherds. The actual meaning is not that the speaker is truly concerned about the relative shortage of clowns and shepherds.","questions":"How is the PersonA's reaction to the clown shortage in (2)?","answer":"Questioning"}
{"text":["They are of course big spenders, but at the same time there are so many different kinds of collections as there are collections. Some collectors are happy, some are tormented. Some buy very little, while others can't help themselves. Why do people collect?Well, I once interviewed the great art historian Kenneth Clark and he once said that it's like asking why we fall in love. The reasons are quite so different. And it's very true.","Forgive a couple of stereotypes but are there a lot of Saudi princes or Russian billionaires on this list?","I haven't counted them all. One of my favorites is not Saudi and not a Russian prince. Let's call him Mr.  D.  He collects impressionist paintings and a good friend of mine was at his mansion not too long ago and the collector said before you look at them I just have to switch something on. And when he was exactly about five feet away from the Monet the sound system was activated and the room was abruptly flooded with Debussy.","Debussy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A: \"Why do people collect? Well, I once interviewed the great art historian Kenneth Clark and he once said that it's like asking why we fall in love.\" - The speaker is suggesting that the reasons why people collect things are complex and varied, and cannot be easily explained or generalized.","questions":"Which art historian did PersonA mention when discussing the complexity of collecting?","answer":"Kenneth"}
{"text":["So take us back. How did you go from drinking the occasional glass of wine to pursuing professional wine-drinking?","So most people have their wine epiphany as, well, drinking an incredible glass of wine. My wine epiphany happened while I was watching other people drink and in particular, because I got sucked into watch - binge-watching YouTube videos of the Best Sommelier in the World competition. And all my life, I have been obsessed with obsession. And so when I stumbled into this subculture, I was hooked. I was just fascinated by these stories.","And so you go on this journey. And one of the things that I found really interesting is that training to be a sommelier is not quite like getting day drunk with your friends. You're not just, like. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"My wine epiphany happened while I was watching other people drink and in particular, because I got sucked into watch - binge-watching YouTube videos of the Best Sommelier in the World competition. And all my life, I have been obsessed with obsession. And so when I stumbled into this subculture, I was hooked. I was just fascinated by these stories.\"  In this turn, the actual meaning is different from the literal meaning because the speaker is not simply talking about watching other people drink wine and getting interested in it. The implied meaning is that the speaker became deeply engrossed in the world of sommeliers and their stories through watching videos, which led to their passion for pursuing professional wine-drinking. The emphasis is on the fascination with the sommelier subculture rather than just watching people drink wine.","questions":"What was PersonA obsessed with all their life?","answer":"Obsession"}
{"text":["Yes, yes.","Carla. And they record a song.","OK. Things are starting to click here clearly. What does that recording say about where Stax was going?","Stax is picking up the sound of the street and embracing it. And even though these are white people and black people making the record, there's none of the strife that's outside the door."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn (4) has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning is that Stax is capturing the sound of the street and that the racial tensions outside are not affecting the recording, the implied meaning is that Stax is bridging the racial divide and bringing people of different races together through music.","questions":"What is the implied message of Stax's recording?","answer":"Unity"}
{"text":["Well, the committee report - it's not unexpected - but the draft reports thus far says that the impeachment committee believes Democratic Governor Rod Blagojevich has abused his power. Quoting from the report, \"The citizens of this state must have confidence that the governor will faithfully serve the people and put their interests before his own. It is with profound regret that the committee finds that our current governor has not done so. \"","It's quite voluminous. It's 60 pages or so of documentation of things beyond just what the federal prosecutor in Chicago has alleged that the governor has done, many reasons to impeach him beyond just the alleged criminal activity that he has been arrested and charged with.","Now, is there a rush to do this before - to possibly impeach the governor before Mr.  Burris would be seated as the junior senator from Illinois?","The report is drafted without Burris' testimony. To consider, they would add it to it, I suppose, if he says something remarkable this afternoon. But they seemed to feel that they have enough evidence to move forward with the impeachment. The rush is really to just get him out of office before they have to grapple with a huge budget deficit here in the state of Illinois. The relationship between the Legislature and the governor has been dysfunctional for quite some time, and it's only gotten worse since his arrest last month."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Legislature wants to get the governor out of office before dealing with a huge budget deficit and the dysfunctional relationship between them.","questions":"What is the reason for the rush to get the governor out of office?","answer":"Budget"}
{"text":["It's very important to me. But also I had to try and understand how somebody so remarkable would think of herself and how would people see her. And what I realized, as a result of my research, was that there was this entire tradition of women warriors in France at that time - quite celebrated - and they had fought. They had worn men's clothes and they were celebrated, like Joan of Arc had been many years before, and perhaps that was the tradition that she fitted into.","It did occur to me reading the novel - and you want to be careful with this sort of thing - but if Julie a'Aubigny had been alive now, someone would've said, well, there's a support group you ought to join.","(Laughter) Oh, look, I think if she arrived now, we would still be amazed. She would still be larger than life. She's like an Olympic gold medalist combined with Lady Gaga. She's that remarkable. And she would probably still be a star today. There's not really anybody like her now.","And like a lot of great stars we could mention, she didn't last a long a course, did she?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Her life was a representation of the celebrated tradition of women warriors in France at that time.","questions":"How was Julie d'Aubigny's life represented?","answer":"Representation"}
{"text":["Because they - the bystander effect being that they thought somebody else would call in, or I don't want to get involved.","Yeah.","And I think it is different from the bystander effect, because it depends on the community that you're in and what becomes normal for that community and what causes concern in that community. That changes depending upon the way the community does.","Now, having said that, I will say this. We have become a society who says, not me, not get involved. One, out of fear, because you don't want to get involved, you think you'll get hurt too. And number two, I think we've become attenuated as a society for a variety of reasons. One, because of our mobility. I don't live where my grandmother lived, where her mother lived, where my uncles and cousins and aunts are. And most people don't anymore. Not any more, but we're so much of a mobile society, and we're become a technological society. My husband yesterday called my son on his cell phone from our bedroom to his room to tell him to do something."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to call in with this context means to call the police","questions":"How does the society respond to getting involved in emergencies?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["But if a member of the Trump team before the election or after the election was talking to the Russians and saying, all right, we are - want to help you throw the election in our favor, is that illegal?I mean, that's what the implication is here essentially.","Actually, Russians telling Trump officials that they want to help in any way to throw the election would not necessarily be illegal. Now, what you look for then are whether the steps taken to fulfill that purpose are criminal. The crimes that get people in trouble in Washington are generally what happens after an event. You know, this is a city filled with A personality types. They tend to try to take control, and God knows, President Trump is the poster boy for that. That's where you get into trouble is when people make false statements to federal investigators or they obstruct an actual proceeding. But in terms of alleging collusion like it's a standalone crime, I am afraid that dog won't hunt.","That's Jonathan Turley. He's a law professor at George Washington University. Thanks so much.","It's my pleasure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"That's where you get into trouble is when people make false statements to federal investigators or they obstruct an actual proceeding.\"","questions":"What kind of trouble do people get into when they make false statements to federal investigators or obstruct an actual proceeding?","answer":"Legal"}
{"text":["So when we are forced to cut, we have to decide which is the best way to do it. We can do a shallow cut, like 10 percent 20 percent of the full ration. Or we can do a deep cut if we think the contributions will not be coming in anytime soon. The difficulty with doing a deep cut is that over the longer period, of course, people will become malnourished. Their immune systems will be suppressed. And if the cuts continue, or they're getting absolutely no food from WFP, inevitably, over time, they will fall sick. And, ultimately, many people will perish.","So - I mean, forgive me. It's one thing to make appealing ads that people are in danger of starving to death. What you're saying now is, because there's a crunch for aid, people are in danger of dying slowly.","That's what, in the end, will happen to the most vulnerable. It's the women and the children who will go first. The difficulty about the situation confronting us in 2018, however, is that it comes on the heels of 2017, when the world really pulled itself together, and our donors and donors for other organizations stepped up and provided a lot of funding because we were facing what was said to be the greatest humanitarian needs. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) is the same as its literal meaning, which is a brief acknowledgement of what was just said.","questions":"How does PersonB respond to turn 3?","answer":"Acknowledgement"}
{"text":["Nick Vlahos, the Peoria Journal Star columnist, points out that in 2015, ConAgra Foods moved its headquarters from Omaha to Chicago. He thinks many executives of what's become a world agricultural industry jet around the globe and just want to live somewhere else, he wrote this week. How are you going to keep them down on the farm after they've seen Kuala Lumpur?","Caterpillar will continue to employ about 12,000 people in Peoria, although Nick Vlahos asks, after all the happy horse pucks the company has propagated about its commitment to Peoria, does anybody believe that?But 300 people, executives and support staff will leave town. In one stroke, Peoria will lose many of the people who help enrich a city's institutions.","I hope Caterpillar's executives will enjoy Chicago's many museums, theaters, symphonies, ballets, sports teams and restaurants in all of the flavors of the world. But who will now buy box seats to cheer the Peoria Chiefs or support the Peoria Symphony - now in the middle of its season - the Peoria Children's Museum, the Corn Stalk Summer Theatre, the Peoria Zoo, the Players Theater - now performing \"Into The Woods\" - and the Peoria Riverfront Museum and its huge glass tank filled with silvery striper, trout, walleye and channel catfish from the Illinois River?","(Singing) Yes, I'm proud to live in Peoria."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : s implying that the executives leaving Peoria will not be supporting the city's institutions; ","questions":"What will be affected by the departure of the executives from Peoria?","answer":"Institutions"}
{"text":["Kevin Maguire's associate editor of the Daily Mirror and a long time reporter at Westminster. Thanks so much for being with us.","Pleasure, Scott.","Let's start with the Conservative line up. We hear a couple of names over here - Michael Gove and Theresa May.","Yeah, absolutely, Theresa May, the home secretary, the interior minister, is the favorite now after the shock withdrawal of Boris Johnson, the former mayor of London. He was the clear front-runner, but he pulled out after Michael Gove, the justice secretary who was his campaign manager, actually decided he wanted to run himself. And in the Conservative Party, which, of course, they're not just electing a leader, they're electing the next prime minister of the United Kingdom."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) Pleasure, Scott. (implied meaning: It is a pleasure to be here with you, Scott.)","questions":"What is Scott's name?","answer":"Scott"}
{"text":["Visuals that related to Senator Obama in politics.","That's right - different iterations and paintings of Senator Obama. Ron English did one of him as kind of morphing into Abe Lincoln. You know, Shepard's hope thing, you know, was enormous. You know, I did one of Obama looking obviously very hopeful into the city. He's - behind him is a cityscape and rising is the sun. I wanted it to be during, you know, the sunrise. And so he's being backlit by the sun in warm light. And the reason I did the city is because, you know, he's from the city. He can relate to the city. You know, he was raised by a single mom on food stamps, which is much like my experience growing up in Harlem. And you know, he's - and I said I wrote \"one\" on it because he's really - he really represents one, you know, one global community, ethnically diverse, one nation, and really someone that we can, for the first time, being from urban life, relate to, besides Clinton, by the way.","Are you worried about they're being an element of hero worship to this?I mean, both in the fact that so many artists are depicting him, but also in the way that he's depicted.","Yeah. I mean, I'm not worried about it. I think there is a lot of hero worship, but in contrast to what's out there, you know, he is a hero."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Artists are portraying Obama as a symbol of hope","questions":"How is Obama being depicted by Ron English?","answer":"Morphing"}
{"text":["However, it's also this wonderful book about class and how we think about the way that books influence us. Every detail is amazing. I just - I - Claire Harman describes the aristocrat as being ripe and aged. It also really answers this essential question of how powerful can books be.","Barrie Hardymon, our books editor. And if you want specific recommendations, you can always tweet her @bhardymon, or tell us what you're recommending to your friends, @NPRWeekend.","Barrie, thanks for this.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"aristocrat as being ripe\" implies aristocrat as being mature.","questions":"What is the description of the aristocrat in the book?","answer":"Aged"}
{"text":["There's something magical about that part of a meal that really seems to have inspired the book. Like, the beginning, when everyone is, like, just arriving and gathering and, like, what you want to serve in a moment like that.","Yeah. I mean, even just hearing you describe it that way, it's the best moment of a party. So, you know, everyone's hugging and kissing, and there's catching up and clinking of wine glasses. And it's just the best moment. And I think when those first platters of food start to roll out of the kitchen, it's just a celebration.","Do you ever really sit down, or is it constant movement, like, more plates coming out and just kind of wandering around and eating and talking?","What I love about antipasti is that even in a restaurant, oftentimes they'll have sort of a big communal table in the center of the restaurant, and they'll allow you to come up with, you know, your plate and a big spoon and just kind of point to or pick through and serve yourself whatever you want from the antipasti spread. So that's kind of the most interactive moment of the meal, which is maybe also why it's one of my favorites."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"There's something magical about that part of a meal\" - The speaker is expressing their emotional response to a particular part of a meal and not actually talking about any magic that might be involved.","questions":"Which part of the meal is the speaker referring to as magical?","answer":"antipasti"}
{"text":["The Booger-Eater is - and that's an important character in here in that he sort of Rafe's first real friend. And he's a kid - I'm really - it's a big deal to me, beyond physical bullying, verbal bullying. And with this kid, you know, he was nicknamed the Booger-Eater when he was, like, three or four years old and it stuck with him. And that happens to kids. They kind of get a caricature and it's very hard for them to get away from it.","There are some other characters: Dweebs, Smurf.","The Legend.","The Legend, yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing a hidden emotion or attitude, such as resentment or envy, that is not directly stated in their words, but is conveyed through their tone, facial expressions, or choice of language.","questions":"How does the PersonA's tone in turn 3 convey their hidden emotion?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["So we really need to do research and try to pin that down. Another thing that's critical is - so what is the long-term prospect for our cities and our ports?How much is the sea level going to rise?What are our coast lines going to look like?Well, that depends upon how fast Greenland and parts of the West Antarctic ice sheet melt. That's a big unknown.","There was a piece appearing in the New York Times this week that described new research that basically found even if we curb emissions now, climate change will likely continue until at least the year 3000. Do you feel like there is any solution?Can we ever go back?","We should not think about the fact that we're going to be pristine and back what we were like before the industrial revolution. I think we have to have a different notion. We have used the industrial revolution to get rich. We've improved our quality of life. Now, those very techniques are reducing the quality of life through environmental side effects. Let's try to prevent it from getting a lot worse.","So while we can't stop a few degrees of warming on top of where we already are, we can stop the 10 degrees. My notion is do as much as you can, as fast as you can, as fairly as you can, and as cost effectively as you can, and don't get hung up on the numbers because three degrees is a lot better than six, and 10 degrees is dramatically worse than any other numbers."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Their notion is to do as much as you can and don't think about the numbers too much.","questions":"What is their notion?","answer":"Act"}
{"text":["The big one was that they died of lead poisoning due to the canning of the canned tin goods. The problem with that - these guys hadn't eaten any tin food. It was only three months into their voyage.","It was a dire situation anyway you look at it. But, of course, in your book, it wasn't dire enough. You throw in an Arctic beast.","I do, an unexplained Arctic beast that we never see. And the reason for that is I wanted something to personify just the terror, the horror of the darkness, the five months of darkness, the terrible cold - 100 degrees below zero - the constricting ice that you had to listen to against the hull, you know, all the time.","What would be the best-case scenario for you if they find which ship it is?What would you like to know?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies the speaker is asking what would make the best outcome for the speaker's book if the identity of the ship was discovered.","questions":"How did the speaker want the discovery of the ship's identity to affect their book?","answer":"Enhancement"}
{"text":["Let me go from pickles to apples and Poland because the agricultural minister apparently went on TV saying he thought Russia had broken international law with the embargo. And now they're asking the United States to purchase Poland's excess apples, which must be a lot of apples. Is Poland more exposed than, say, Germany?","On fruit, Poland is much more exposed than Germany. If you look at the exposure of countries - Poland on produce, Britain on finance, France has a big military order with Russia and there's a dispute over whether those vessels - those ships should be delivered. And for Germany, Volkswagen - those are the companies that are worried. So the food sanctions business doesn't hit Germany like it hits Poland.","Norwegian salmon - I guess there's also concern there too because even - there's only so much salmon even Norwegians themselves can eat and they need Russia's - that market.","Sure, and that's a big market for Norway. Fish producers in Britain are also very worried about it. But the countries say they will go on. And they also assert who's this going to hurt?If you read the Russian press, there is a view that sanctions against - or the reverse sanctions, as it were, by Russia against the European Union will actually help Russian producers. They say this is the chance for us to produce and to get our own markets going."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning is about how the countries are going to continue despite the sanctions, but the actual meaning is about how the sanctions could benefit Russian producers.","questions":"How could the sanctions benefit Russian producers?","answer":"Producers"}
{"text":["Yeah. That is right because he has been uploading a number of videos on YouTube. He was calling, basically, for the killing off of nonbelievers.","You talk about wanting the authorities to take action against Zaharan. But did you get any sense in recent years that he was attracting followers or that you saw men being drawn to radical groups?","At the time, you know, we thought that Zaharan was a loner and that, you know, he had no major following as such, except a few people in his hometown. But in 2018, December, we realized that there were basically a bunch of youths going around and damaging Buddhist statues. And we found out that Zaharan has been their mentor.","So this was in one particular village. You're saying that back in December of 2018, there were some young people who defaced some Buddhist statues."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"attracting followers\" - This phrase does not literally mean that Zaharan was physically attracting people towards him, but rather it suggests that he was gaining supporters for his extremist ideologies and possibly forming a following.","questions":"How did Zaharan attract supporters?","answer":"Extremist"}
{"text":["Julie, you've been covering this area for a long time. What strikes you about this moment?I mean, is this as significant as it looks?","It's hard to tell. As I said, the AMA's been kind of everywhere on abortion issues. It looks like they're maybe coming out - finding this to be such a threat to the doctor-patient relationship that they're willing to take a leading role. It remains to be seen exactly where they will go from here.","That's Julie Rovner, chief Washington correspondent for Kaiser Health News.","Thanks for coming in."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B appreciation implies that the correspondent was live on air","questions":"How does PersonB show appreciation for the correspondent?","answer":"Thanks"}
{"text":["One of the things that struck me is some of the comments by some of the women. They don't necessarily see themselves as beautiful. They did not see in themselves the thing that you saw in them. Did you find that to be common?I'm thinking in particular of the sisters from Switzerland with the red hair who said they'd been made fun of as children because of the color of their hair. And you were drawn to them.","During the project, I did realize that women that I photographed were not confident in their way of being. So whenever I posted their picture on my social media, we got a lot of comments and positive reaction from the people. So the women that I photographed, after that, they realized how beautiful they are. That was extraordinary for them and for me because it gives them confidence.","How did this project change you?","I'm much more confident. I'm much more respectful of what the other women in the world have to go through every day because the life is so difficult in so many parts of the world. And this project was a huge gift in my life. And this is why I'm trying to put it out there in the world for people to understand that the world is extremely beautiful. And we should really appreciate everything that's happening in our life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The women that were photographed did not see themselves as beautiful before the project","questions":"What was the impact of posting the women's pictures on social media?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["We argued that six months was way, way too short. You're talking about trying to go into archives, documents, find materials. Unfortunately, this was what was included in the legislation. And we've urged the Polish government to open that deadline - indeed, to open the program to people who never filed claims or for whom no claim - buildings for which no claims were filed.","But the Polish government didn't agree.","Unfortunately not. We're hoping that the Polish government will look again at this issue and make this process easier not only in terms of the deadline but also what documentation is required. Make sure that archives are open and material is accessible because if you have a right and legislation but not the means to enforce it - and particularly for many of the Holocaust survivors and their families, virtually all of whom live outside of Poland, it's very difficult. They don't speak the language. They don't live in the country. To address even the administrative issues is extremely difficult.","And what makes this important, so many years after the terrible events we're talking about - after the crimes we're talking about?","We're facing a situation where, in the next few years, we will be living in a world where there won't be Holocaust survivors. It's a population, obviously, that's very elderly, very sick and passing away very rapidly. So we think it's a matter of justice and morality to address and to conclude this issue before that last of that generation disappears."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 :  We're facing a situation where, in the next few years, we will be living in a world where there won't be Holocaust survivors. It's a population, obviously, that's very elderly, very sick, and passing away very rapidly. So we think it's a matter of justice and morality to address and to conclude this issue before that last of that generation disappears.  The implied meaning of A's statement is that they highlight the imminent loss of Holocaust survivors in the coming years. They emphasize the elderly, sickly condition of the survivors and the rapid rate at which they are passing away. A asserts that addressing and resolving the issue at hand is a matter of justice and morality, particularly before the last survivors of that generation are no longer alive.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the condition of Holocaust survivors?","answer":"Elderly"}
{"text":["It's 2075, and America has been beset by flooding linked to climate change. The president has banned the use of fossil fuels. The southern states have broken away looking to protect the coal mining industry, and a rabid civil war is taking place. Omar El Akkad joins us now to talk about the dystopian world he created in his new book \"American War\" and what inspired it. Welcome to the program.","Thanks for having me.","The main character of the book is a young girl. Her name is Sarat Chesnut. She lives in Louisiana in what is known in the book as the free southern state. Who is she at the beginning of the novel?","She - of all the characters I've written, she's the only one who came to me sort of fully formed. At the start of the book, she's six years old. And to me, she's sort of this very curious, trusting, defiant young girl whose chief attribute is this kind of rebellion against unknowing. She wants to know as much as possible. And the central arc of the book is essentially her life and how her desire to know - her curiosity is sort of used against her during this war."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: She - of all the characters I've written, she's the only one who came to me sort of fully formed. At the start of the book, she's six years old. And to me, she's sort of this very curious, trusting, defiant young girl whose chief attribute is this kind of rebellion against unknowing. She wants to know as much as possible. And the central arc of the book is essentially her life and how her desire to know - her curiosity is sort of used against her during this war.","questions":"Which character is the central arc of the book?","answer":"Sarat"}
{"text":["The Census Bureau has been examining that very vigorously. What tends to be a common result is if you use data from retail, you tend to under enumerate those who aren't connected economically. That tends to be poorer people, transient people, children - precisely those that are hard to enumerate in general.","So the world of the future I think we all think is some complicated blend of these organic digital sources with traditional methods. You can't use one or the other. We need to use both. And some of the innovation proposed for the 2020 census actually involves trying to use those data wisely when we can.","Robert Groves - he oversaw the 2010 census and is currently the provost of Georgetown University. Thanks so much for being with us, sir.","It was wonderful talking to you, Scott."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of the turn in (3) is to express gratitude and appreciation to Robert Groves for his time. The literal meaning of the turn is to thank Robert Groves for being present with them.","questions":"What was the purpose of the turn in (2)?","answer":"Purpose"}
{"text":["Five cases of cholera have now been confirmed in the port city of Beira, Mozambique. And this is spreading in the wake of what the United Nations has called the worst catastrophe to hit southern Africa. A cyclone and massive flooding two weeks ago killed hundreds of people.","Earlier this morning, we were able to reach Caitlin Ryan. She is the emergency communications officer for the group Doctors Without Borders. They're also known by their French initials MSF. She is in the city of Beira, and I asked her what it's like there.","In many ways, it does feel like life is returning to the city. There's some food in the market; people have cleaned the streets. And we're starting to treat a lot of injuries of people repairing their homes. So in many ways, life is returning to normal. But in many other ways, maybe even a hundred thousand people are sleeping without roofs, they don't have enough food, and access to clean water is severely, severely limited.","Well, speaking of health problems - I mean, what can you tell me now about these cases of cholera?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker is not asking for a description of the current health problems; they are asking for information specifically related to the cases of cholera that were mentioned in (1).","questions":"What specific health problem is the speaker asking for information about in turn 3?","answer":"Cholera"}
{"text":["But well. . .","If you go through the list of Obama people, the top four, five, six people had not just worked in presidential campaigns before, but they worked in that critical area which gets very little attention, but is absolutely essential, and that's called field operations. It means going into states, setting up shop, organizing, getting people door knocking, getting people calling and getting delegate victories.","These people knew how to win campaigns on a local level. Importantly, very significant figures had a lot of experience in Iowa. He set his sights on winning Iowa very early.","What I found fascinating in doing this reporting is that both campaigns had the same Plan A. The Plan A was, win the first four states, attain a political victory, and not be out of personnel."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Plan A\" - The literal meaning of Plan A is the primary plan or strategy for achieving a particular goal. However, in this context, it implies the shared strategy of both campaigns to win the first four states and avoid personnel shortages, indicating the high stakes of the early primary elections.","questions":"Which campaigns shared the same Plan A?","answer":"Field"}
{"text":["Thousand of miles west of the capital, trouble is brewing over a utility bill. Back in November, Veterans Day to be exact, residents of Bullhead City, Arizona, lit a flame at the town's memorial park. They called it an Eternal Flame. The plan was to keep it constantly lit to honor the fallen. But then they got the gas bill. Joining me now to tell us about that bill is Bullhead City's spokesman, Steve Johnson. Welcome to the program, Steve. And how expensive was that first gas bill you got?","The bill was about $961.","That was a pretty big initial gas bill. I'm trying to picture how big this flame is. Could you describe it for us?","It's - at its height, it's about 12 to 15 inches tall. I describe it as a kind of as a large artichoke. And it consumes a lot - well, obviously, it's consuming a lot of gas, at $900 a month. But it's a pretty tall flame."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The size of the flame doesn't justify the high gas bill","questions":"What is the reason for the high gas bill?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["You know, I give him mixed reviews. I knew Daniel Hahn prior to him becoming chief. I am a former high school teacher. And I worked hand in hand with the police department. And in working with him, I truly, truly believed that he has a good heart and good intentions. But now that he's the chief of police, we have to hold him to the line of accountability and transparency.","Sonia, Stephon's death is the latest of several fatal shootings of black men by police across the country. And some of these killings are not well-known. But they're still happening. What do you feel needs to be done to address this?","You know, I'm of the mind set that our whole policing system needs to be dismantled and abolished. And we need to start over.","And what would that look like?","What that looks like here in Sacramento - what we have done successfully as a BLM organization is we've created community resources, alternatives to police. We have resources in the community that if this were to happen, call these people instead of calling the police.","Some of the protests that have been happening since Stephon was killed have been marches and protests that have filled streets and blocked traffic. Some protests blocked basketball fans from entering a sports arena. How far should the protests go?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker believes that the current policing system is irreparable.","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion on the current policing system?","answer":"Irreparable"}
{"text":["Reading this book, the thing that always shone through was that you never took no for an answer. You talk about, despite all your successes, always feeling like you might never be good enough, or that people were judging you. And yet, you always sort of came back swinging, sometimes literally.","I love the word no (laughter). Because of the ADD and the dyslexic, I couldn't follow anyone's formula at all. So no to me was the yes that I needed to hear. And I wanted to succeed so I could grow my team and grow my staff as well. And a lot has to do about Boston in general. I wanted to be somebody, you know?I think so.","Barbara Lynch - her book is called \"Out Of Line: A Life Of Playing With Fire. \"Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In this turn, the speaker says \"I love the word no\" and goes on to explain how the word \"no\" was actually a motivating force for them, rather than a discouraging one. This is different from the literal meaning of the word \"no,\" which is generally used to signify a negative response or refusal. The speaker's implication is that they have learned to reframe the word \"no\" in a positive way and use it as a tool for success.","questions":"How did the speaker perceive the word \"no\"?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["Yes, I - my mom has a cleaning company, and she cleans for a lawyer here locally. And once she started working there, it just turned into, like, a really big place. Like, it was not easy for her to do by herself, so. . .","You pitch in after school or on weekends or. . .","We took Sundays and sometimes Fridays to clean up the office, which was probably the best days for us because after church, we'd just head towards the office and clean.","And that all went to your quince fund."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Not all scientific beliefs are accurate, even if widely accepted.","questions":"How did PersonA contribute to her mom's cleaning company?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["I was actually wavering in the blocks. And I saw on the video that some sort of bad form. But they fired the gun and I took off and things were going OK. They weren't going great, my strides were a little bit off. But I never hit an off-leg on a hurdle. As I went around the second turn and came into the final 100 meters, I looked to my left and realized that I was right in the middle of the pack. And that really surprised me. And at that point, I figured as long as I finish, this is a success. And as I got to the very end, right before the finish line, I glanced up at the scoreboard which showed the clock running. And realized that I ended up with a pretty good time. And so I crossed the finish line. I beat my personal goal by two seconds and managed to beat one other runner in the race.","Well, that raises this question professor. You're - I mean, you're a teacher right?","Correct.","You have devoted your professional life to helping, encouraging, enriching the lives of youngsters, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) While the topic being discussed is \"big\" and \"bold,\" the implication is that the author's focus is on how individuals hurt each other on a day-to-day basis rather than just the headlines and news stories.","questions":"What is the author's focus in the dialogue?","answer":"Individuals"}
{"text":["How has Koinadugu been able to avoid the infection for so long?","We took concrete measures, proactively, way back in May. The district decided to self-quarantine. There was control of movement - people coming into the district and people going out of the district. We also embark on major sensitization door to door. We involve community leaders, and we just involve the whole community to say this is a real. Ebola is real. Let us avoid Ebola.","Sierra Leone is a society with a lot of faith healers. What do they do that might help spread the disease?","The act of healing involves the use of the hands. They are not trained people. They don't have gloves. It's a lot of physical touching, and that is why we are saying the faith healing practice should be stopped for now because once the patient shows signs and symptoms of Ebola and they go to a faith healer, it's almost 100 percent that they will transmit it to the faith healer and eventually to the community."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4).  The speaker is not simply stating that faith healers use their hands and physical touch, but rather that this practice is a high-risk behavior that can easily spread the Ebola virus. The speaker is suggesting that in order to contain the spread of the virus, faith healers should temporarily stop their practice until appropriate safety measures can be put in place. The implied meaning is that traditional practices such as faith healing may need to be altered or suspended in times of crisis, even though they are deeply ingrained in the culture.","questions":"What is the reason for suggesting faith healers to stop their practice during the Ebola outbreak?","answer":"Safety"}
{"text":["And a note, yesterday, on Weekend Edition Saturday, it was implied that WikiLeaks was the first to post the Macron documents. That's incorrect. For its part, WikiLeaks says it's trying to confirm their authenticity. To Nigeria next, where the government says Boko Haram has released 82 of the missing schoolgirls the group seized in a mass abduction three years ago. That kidnapping prompted global indignation and the creation of the high-profile Bring Back Our Girls campaign. NPR's Africa correspondent, Ofeibea Quist-Arcton is monitoring developments from Accra. Good morning.","Greetings.","Ofeibea, what more do you know?","President Muhammadu Buhari's spokesman has said that the release of these girls happened after mediation by the Swiss government and the International Red Cross. And it was like a prisoner swap, Lulu, because, apparently, Boko Haram detainees have been released. The presidential spokesman did not say how many but indicated that negotiations are continuing as the government has been saying over recent weeks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : WikiLeaks may not have been the first to post the Macron documents, but they are attempting to verify their authenticity.","questions":"How was WikiLeaks involved with the Macron documents?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["The videos of the embryos. He does sort of time lapse of human development, and it was really fascinating to watch, going from this sort of little hard to, you know, nondescript ball to what you would recognize. . .","As an embryo.",". . . as an embryo or a fetus.","This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow talking with Flora Lichtman about our Video Pick of the Week, and it's a - videos of embryos, all different kinds of embryos. So you got the film, the footage. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Literally, this turn is a short response to A's previous statement about the time-lapse videos of human development. However, the implied meaning is that B understands and acknowledges A's previous statement about the videos featuring embryos, and is simply reiterating that fact.","questions":"What is the topic of the Video Pick of the Week discussed by Ira Flatow and Flora Lichtman on Science Friday?","answer":"Cameras"}
{"text":["My God, the gratitude will be endless.","Now it's interesting what you're saying because, you know, your writing is so rooted in the Dominican community of New Jersey, specifically New Jersey is a very, you know, specific group of people. And, you know, the character, Yunior, who you have written about in your books, he's a smart, nerdy, bookish kid who I always think is maybe a little bit like yourself.","And I wonder what it's like to grow up in that community as a bookish kid, as I imagine you were, and then suddenly get an award like this, suddenly be declared a genius, suddenly have the freedom to, as they say, explore whatever you want to explore. Tell me about that journey for you, that personal journey.","Well, I mean, it bears repeating. I'm an immigrant. My father was an undocumented immigrant. I come from a community, a Dominican community that's part of a larger Latino community. And listen, you don't have to be a particularly awake person to know that for the last couple years, immigrants, Latinos and folks who have anything to do with undocumented immigration, have been just demonized by our politicians."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B wants to know more about the writer's personal journey, but also wants to understand how the writer's experiences may have shaped their writing","questions":"How does PersonB describe the character Yunior?","answer":"Nerdy"}
{"text":["Right, I got the love of that from my grandfather. He was a Brooklyn Dodger fan going all the way back to the 1930s. And when I was a kid, I was a Mets fan, and this is in the late '70s or early '80s. There really wasn't a lot of good things to talk about when you're a Mets fan. So I would sit on the porch with my grandfather, and he would start talking to me about the old Brooklyn Dodgers. And, you know, he'd talk about people like Dazzy Vance and Duke Snider and Jackie Robinson, but then he'd start talking about a guy named Pete Reiser. Pete played in the early 1940s. And he would get this glazed look in his eye - this sad, faraway look - when he would tell about Pete Reiser. And he would say that he was probably the best ballplayer that ever played. And I was fairly well-read as a kid on baseball history, but I had never heard of Pete Reiser. So it made me get into baseball history and try to find those players that had an interesting story, which led me to find out what had happened to Pete Reiser and his career.","There are people who will tell you that Pete Reiser was the best of all time, except for the fact he kept running into walls.","He is credited with having five outfield collisions, and 11 times he was carried away off the field on a stretcher. Nine of those times he was unconscious. And today, he's the reason why Major League Baseball has padded outfield walls.","Another name that has been lost to history - Steve Dalkowski."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: The speaker is acknowledging that while some people consider Pete Reiser to be one of the greatest ballplayers of all time, his career was plagued by multiple collisions with outfield walls, which may have prevented him from achieving even greater success.","questions":"How was Pete Reiser's career affected?","answer":"Affected"}
{"text":["This Thanksgiving week, we've been offering a little respite from all the glum financial news. We have been checking in with people who are doing all right despite the bleak economy. This day after the big turkey feast, we hear from an industry almost guaranteed a boom in business. We're talking about plumbing. Kevin Shaw runs Kevin Shaw Plumbing here in southern California. Welcome to the program.","Glad to be with you.","So I have heard that the day after Thanksgiving, plumbing companies can do as much as 50 percent more in business. Why is that?What is going on the day after?","We see a big increase in the number of people that call us with a plugged-up kitchen sink or maybe the toilet has plugged up. Those are the two big plumbing calls that we'll get today."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : big turkey feast refers to celebration dying ","questions":"What is the reason for the increase in plumbing services on the day after Thanksgiving?","answer":"Plumbing"}
{"text":["Ocasio-Cortez is the democratic socialist, just shy of 30, who unseated a top Democrat in 2018. She's soared to prominence as a critic of the president and sometimes of Democrats. She pushed the party on climate, throwing her sudden fame behind the Green New Deal. And today, she releases anti-poverty proposals. Her bills would open social benefits to all people, even undocumented immigrants. She also calls to change the way the federal government measures poverty. She wants the federal poverty line to be higher in some places than others.","You may be making a certain amount in New York City or in Washington, D. C. , that is enough in other parts of the country, but you are effectively living in poverty, and so we need to account for geographic variation as well.","It seems to me that the things that you like about that proposal are the very things that make it politically difficult.","Absolutely."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : just shy of 30 means the person is almost 30-years-old.","questions":"What age range is the person mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Almost"}
{"text":[". . . They make you very proud.","What can you tell us about Paola Zambrano and Mark Gorman?","Both of these kids were awesome young people. Paola - Paola, you know, died when she was going to be a junior, so she finished two years of high school. And, you know, during her freshman year, she was diagnosed with colon cancer. And we knew it was a serious situation. And we, you know, quite frankly didn't think that she'd be - you know, continue down that road of going to high school because we knew it was terminal.","And, you know, to her credit, she decided she was going to keep coming every day, had great attendance, went through her chemos and her therapies and was a model student for her family and for herself. She was very - a very proud young lady. And she had hopes and dreams beyond high school that unfortunately she was never. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Although the speaker uses the phrase \"went through her chemos and her therapies\" in a literal sense, the actual meaning is that Paola underwent cancer treatment, which included chemotherapy and other therapies.","questions":"How did Paola undergo cancer treatment?","answer":"Chemotherapy"}
{"text":["I don't think that realistically it means that they could crush them. Of course it would give Assad and his supporters more opportunity to attempt to crush them, but they haven't been able to crush them. And I don't think the balance of fighting over the last several years has been all that favorable to Assad. So I think more likely is an outcome in which there are more casualties, more destruction, more loss of life.","So what's the advantage in a six-month waiting period for a cease-fire?","I don't think they agreed to have a waiting period. I think this is a prognosis - a hopeful prognosis - and that might even entertain the notion that perhaps it could be sooner. I think if the United States and Russia, and Russia using its influence on Syria comes along also, then perhaps there might be more tangible progress in less time than six months.","And what are the common interests, as you see it, that the United States and Russia have in Syria?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  A's actual meaning in this turn is that the United States and Russia, along with Russia's influence on Syria, could potentially make progress on the cease-fire in less than the suggested six-month waiting period.","questions":"Which country's influence does PersonA suggest could help make progress on the cease-fire in less than six months?","answer":"Russia"}
{"text":["Well, we have very large ones - gorillas are our largest - all the way down to Cotton-top Tamarins, which are probably about a pound.","You've been there for quite a few hours already. How's the day going so far?","My morning has been fairly busy. I went down to our gorilla area. We have a gorilla that has some teeth issues, and we were brushing her teeth. We did a dental rinse on her and getting them ready to go out in their habitat for the day. And I went early this morning to our Mandrill building and was checking the exhibit. We're doing some rehab work and mandrills went out for the first time in several months.","Mandrills is a type of animal?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is referring to different sizes of primates.","questions":"Which animal is the largest at the PersonA's workplace?","answer":"Gorillas"}
{"text":["Monica, welcome","Hi, Michel.","So what do we know about what happened?Do we know how many shooters there were?Do we know how many injuries there are?","I spoke to an El Paso police spokesman about an hour ago, and there isn't much that they know at this point. They first got word of the shooting at 10 a. m.  local time, and it happened at an area Walmart. The officer told me there were multiple victims, possibly some fatalities, but no confirmations on exact numbers yet. Police have one person in custody. All they could tell us was that he's male. And at this point, the investigation has moved from the active shooter site to a crime scene investigation. And I've been watching multiple authorities go in and out of the Walmart, including the SWAT team cars parked outside. There's also a mass casualty situation ambulance parked just behind the building."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : shooters means people using a gun, usually for bad purposes","questions":"Which word describes the people using guns for bad purposes?","answer":"shooter"}
{"text":["It's really interesting. You know, they've been involved on and off in sort of smaller ways. But you know, they put out a press release. They're filing lawsuits. There's a lot of speculation as to why now. Some of it may be just they feel like these laws have finally gone too far. Some of it may be there's a woman president of the AMA and a woman past president and there'll be a woman president next year. For a group that's long been older, whiter and more male, that's changing.","So what kind of stance had they taken in the past?","Well, the AMA has been kind of everywhere on abortion. The AMA in the late 1800s led the fight to make abortion illegal in the United States. That was part of their effort to sort of centralize power over the medical profession. They wanted to get rid of unlicensed practitioners like midwives, who had traditionally been involved with women's reproductive health. And they really didn't change that position until just before Roe v.  Wade. And even when Roe v.  Wade happened, the effort to liberalize abortion laws in the U. S.  was really led by the legal profession, not by the medical profession.","You reached out to the American Medical Association - seems like maybe they're not so comfortable with this new stance. Can you tell us what you learned?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The American Medical Association's membership demographics are changing.","questions":"How is the American Medical Association's membership changing?","answer":"Changing"}
{"text":["All right. I want to take a quick detour. Staying with Secretary Rice, she spoke at a conference this week concerning HBCUs, or historically black colleges and universities. And she championed more diversity among diplomats, saying, I have lamented that I can go into a meeting at the Department of State, and as a matter of fact I can go into a whole day of meetings at the Department of State, and actually rarely see somebody who looks like me. And that is just not acceptable.","So Emira, do you think that having more black people in diplomatic positions will change, for example, Africa policy?","Well clearly, we have had Condoleezza Rice at the top of the ticket, right?She has been the lead in U. S. -Africa policy and broader U. S.  foreign policy. And that has not necessarily improved U. S.  relations with Africa. If anything, this administration has had a more militaristic approach to Africa under Condoleezza Rice. So it is important to make sure that there are a range of views represented in foreign policy, a range of views that will bring about a more responsible U. S.  engagement with the continent, and with the rest of the world.","And so, yes, it would be great to have more people from black and brown communities in those senior places, but it is important what their views are, what their foreign policy agenda is. I think we are now in the 21st century, where we have to push forward to say, we demand, really, that the U. S.  engages in a more responsible way with Africa and the rest of the evolving world."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Having people from diverse communities in senior positions is important, but their views and foreign policy agenda matter more","questions":"Which factor is more important than diversity in senior positions according to PersonA's opinion?","answer":"views"}
{"text":["Well, you could say both. You know, in 2010, the parent company declared bankruptcy. There's significant debt surrounding and hanging over National Enquirer's parent company. But you can't separate this from the scandals. The Washington Post, in its reporting, claims that the hedge fund manager who's sort of controlling owner now of American Media says that he's disgusted by what he's learned. This is not really anything new for the Enquirer, but don't forget the legal trouble the Enquirer has been in. You know, it got dragged into the investigation of Michael Cohen and others. It had to, essentially, negotiate with prosecutors in order to avoid prosecution. And indeed, the Bezos scandal may raise the legal stakes once more.","I mean, we've probably all joked at the grocery store checkout stand, like, looking at the headlines - who would ever buy the National Enquirer?Well, now it's like a more serious question. Who would buy the National Enquirer?","Well, you know, in a straight world, you might say TMZ, the digital gossip site. It's hard to know. It's a damaged brand. It is a notable brand. Somebody may buy it as a plaything, or there's been speculation Jeff Bezos would want to strangle it, buy it and put it out. . .","Wow. That would be. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) implies that it is surprising that anyone would buy the National Enquirer, while ","questions":"What kind of website might buy the National Enquirer?","answer":"TMZ"}
{"text":["What does it mean to have a populist party and right-wing party win the parliamentary majority?","Oh, it's a very simple answer to a difficult question. We don't know. It's an experiment, not only for Italy, for the whole of Europe. I mean, for Italy today, June the Second is like the 14th of July in the United States. It's our birthday. The Italian Republic was born 72 years ago in 1946, and we never had anything like that. You know, the 5-Star are closer with sort of South American populist movement.","Yeah.","You know, you have good and bad over there. And the Northern League is a right-wing party. What will they do together?I don't know. I wish them luck."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They are implying they don't have any confidence","questions":"What is the implication of turn 3?","answer":"No_confidence"}
{"text":["Right, I mean, this is going to be the very difficult point that they're going to have to get together with his younger brother and figure that out. I mean, this looks much more like it's going to be something about Islamic radicalization, as opposed to Chechen - sort of nationalism.","And I think when this first happened, we've never had Chechens do this in this country, so everybody assumes it has to do with that. What will be interesting is to see if he was radicalized on the Internet, if he was radicalized during trips to Russia - the older brother did travel to Russia reasonably often; the younger brother didn't - and how that evolution came about.","We will want to know if there were contacts there. The Russians - have they been helpful, in the past?Are they likely to be helpful, in this case?","It's unclear. I would suspect that they're likely to be helpful in this case because they've been making a case that Chechens are very dangerous, and that's why they do what they do in Chechnya. But it's. . .","Which is a very hard line of - some would say brutal repression."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Russians might be helpful in this case due to their stance on Chechens being dangerous, although it's not certain","questions":"Which case?","answer":"first"}
{"text":["Science and magic are supposed to be opposites. Science is real, and it's hard, and it's facts-driven. Magic is illusion, and it's make-believe. Two separate worlds. But not for Teller, half of the famous magic duo Penn & Teller. He recently wrote an article for Smithsonian magazine, outlining the secrets that magicians use to manipulate the human mind and how those tricks may be put to use by scientists. At the core of every trick, he wrote, is a cold, cognitive experiment in perception. Does the trick fool the audience?","Well, in this portion of the program, we would like to hear from the magicians out there. What is the trick that proved most difficult for you to master?And if you want to share its secret, what was its secret?Our number is 800-989-8255. Our email address is talk@npr. org. And you can join the conversation on our website. Go to npr. org, and click on TALK OF THE NATION. Teller joins us from NPR member station KNPR in Las Vegas. Teller, thanks very much for joining us.","Happy to be here.","So psychologists talk about the artistic intuition that magicians have, this innate ability honed over time, a lot, a lot of time to grab a person's attention and control it and manipulate it. Are they right about that?Are psychologists on to something in this assessment of what you magicians are really up to?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Grab a person's attention and control it and manipulate it.\" The speaker uses the terms \"grab,\" \"control,\" and \"manipulate\" to describe the actions of magicians. In this context, they mean captivating and directing someone's attention through skillful techniques, rather than forcibly or negatively manipulating them.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the actions of magicians in terms of manipulating someone's attention?","answer":"Attention"}
{"text":["The State Department has said that the ambassador concluded her three-year diplomatic assignment in Kyiv as planned, that there was no kind of retribution or she was not yanked back unceremoniously. Why are there doubts on that in the diplomatic community?","My understanding is that Ambassador Yovanovitch had been expected to stay on in her position through the end of the summer. And then suddenly in May, there was a torrent of criticism, including a tweet by the president's son, Don Jr. , calling her a joker and calling for her dismissal and a bunch of Fox News segments criticizing her. And then, lo and behold, she was called back, and the explanation was put out that this was as planned. But it was completely inconsistent with everything else we understood about her term and expected tenure in Ukraine. And the notion that this was done to coincide with a transition of power in Ukraine is very far from standard practice. That doesn't make any sense.","I can see your eyebrows raised from here about this whole story. And I guess what is the lesson that you think other State Department workers are taking from this?Is it the idea that you're vulnerable to attack from the president?Is it becoming a target of right-wing sites?Like, what is the thing that you think will have a chilling effect?","The core problem here, which Congress is appropriately focusing on in the impeachment hearings, are primarily about, is the president abusing his power and what looks like withholding military assistance to a vulnerable partner country in order to advance his political aims?So that's No. 1, and that's front and center."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She was not abruptly forced to return with no reason given.","questions":"What was the State Department's explanation for Ambassador Yovanovitch's departure from her position in Kyiv?","answer":"Kyiv"}
{"text":["They had contracts for a five-star hotel in Amman, Jordan. They wound up being held in a room for 45, 50 days without knowing what was going to become of them. They were loaded into gypsy taxicabs, driven down the most dangerous road in the world, the Amman to Baghdad highway, which I think you had some experience with, as well, right?","Indeed, too many times. The Highway of Death.","And, predictively and foreseeably, they were kidnapped from two cars that got away from the rest. It was the first mass execution video of this horrible modern era of terrorist theater that we've all come to know, but it was a blip. The deaths of contractors - it was a parade every day. It was horrible, and it's the most horrible thing I've ever seen in my life. And, sadly, I had to watch it several times just to understand, you know, what happened to them really.","Your book begins with Kamala."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Highway of Death\" implies the Amman to Baghdad highway because of the many deaths and violent incidents that have occurred there.","questions":"What is the name of the highway that is referred to as the \"Highway of Death\"?","answer":"Amman"}
{"text":["Nick Vlahos, the Peoria Journal Star columnist, points out that in 2015, ConAgra Foods moved its headquarters from Omaha to Chicago. He thinks many executives of what's become a world agricultural industry jet around the globe and just want to live somewhere else, he wrote this week. How are you going to keep them down on the farm after they've seen Kuala Lumpur?","Caterpillar will continue to employ about 12,000 people in Peoria, although Nick Vlahos asks, after all the happy horse pucks the company has propagated about its commitment to Peoria, does anybody believe that?But 300 people, executives and support staff will leave town. In one stroke, Peoria will lose many of the people who help enrich a city's institutions.","I hope Caterpillar's executives will enjoy Chicago's many museums, theaters, symphonies, ballets, sports teams and restaurants in all of the flavors of the world. But who will now buy box seats to cheer the Peoria Chiefs or support the Peoria Symphony - now in the middle of its season - the Peoria Children's Museum, the Corn Stalk Summer Theatre, the Peoria Zoo, the Players Theater - now performing \"Into The Woods\" - and the Peoria Riverfront Museum and its huge glass tank filled with silvery striper, trout, walleye and channel catfish from the Illinois River?","(Singing) Yes, I'm proud to live in Peoria."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : s implying that the executives leaving Peoria will not be supporting the city's institutions; ","questions":"How will the departure of executives affect Peoria's institutions?","answer":"Institutions"}
{"text":["Every administration has some level of dysfunction. But in a White House that is running somewhat more smoothly than this one, how would this work when it's a well-oiled machine or something close to it?","Well, I was involved in a similar case back in the Clinton presidency when we were examining someone for a high position in national security and seemed like a very fine candidate. But then we began to learn things about his past that were troubling. Red flags started to go up. And we went to the president and said, Mr.  President, there are some real problems here; these are very problematic. And the nominations then just disappeared.","So the public didn't know about it at that point.","The public didn't know and still doesn't know, and I don't think it's fair to the individual. His name was never put into play. I think his privacy should be protected since he wasn't seeking a job; he didn't - wasn't nominated. Here's the thing that also mystifies me because there's so much about this is strange. You would think that candidate himself, knowing how the system works, knowing that there's going to be deep scrutiny - you would think that the potential nominee would go to the chief of staff of the White House and say, we need to talk, and volunteer the information so there can be no misunderstandings along the way instead of having a situation here where people just sat on the information clearly some people knew."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Clinton presidency had a scandal similar to the current one","questions":"How was the potential nominee expected to act?","answer":"Volunteer"}
{"text":["I think the crash of the stock market, along with a shooting war in Iraq and a shooting war in Afghanistan made wonkiness less toxic and less unappealing. The Democrats would always field these sort of wonky smartypants candidates. And. . .","Michael Dukakis and John Kerry.","Michael Dukakis and John Kerry, you know, Al Gore, and they were clearly knowledgeable. But the Republicans would always say, yeah, but you wouldn't want to have a beer with them. They don't understand you. They don't understand the American people. And even though our candidate - George W.  Bush comes to mind - may not be an intellectual powerhouse, he understands real people.","And, in fact, there has been in American politics for a long time - you can go all the way back to Adlai Stevenson in the '50s is a prime example - an anti-intellectual fear in American politics, that intellectuals really didn't get it, and they shouldn't be put in high office. But the relative wonkiness of Obama and Joe Biden seemed more appealing to the relative unwonkiness of John McCain and especially Sarah Palin. And I think that helped removed the taint, really, of being smart."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Obama and Biden's intelligence was more appealing to voters than McCain and Palin's lack thereof.","questions":"How did voters perceive Obama and Biden's intelligence compared to McCain and Palin's?","answer":"more"}
{"text":["Why, over really a period of 25 years or so, have there been so many misadventures?How do you explain, for example, Iraq?How do you explain the lack of progress after so many years in Afghanistan?Why was the Libyan intervention unsuccessful?And I think the conclusion is is that the United States has focused more since the end of the Cold War not so much on defending against external threats but focusing more on the internal governance of foreign countries and trying to change it.","So rather than maintaining a strong defense in protecting our national interests, we've tended to promote democracy in other countries, we've engaged in nation-building exercises, we've engaged in regime change. And in most of those cases, we've been unsuccessful.","You were the U. S.  ambassador to Germany. Does the United States have - and you know the history - does the United States have no interest in preventing genocide and mass slaughter around the world?","I think genocide is probably the one case where we do have a responsibility. I mean, if it's real genocide and people are - there is mass murder, then I think we have a moral duty to intervene. But the problem is is that how you define that moral duty when it's not clearly genocide, when there's injustice, when there's discrimination, when, for instance, the young girls in Afghanistan can't go to school, that is not genocide."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The US has failed to protect its national interests by instead pursuing nation-building activities and regime changes in foreign countries.","questions":"What has the United States focused on since the end of the Cold War, according to turn 0?","answer":"Promoting"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Secretary of State John Kerry has joined world diplomats in Geneva today in hopes of reaching an initial agreement to freeze Iran's nuclear program. His arrival suggests a deal may be within reach this weekend, but it's still not there yet. NPR's Peter Kenyon is in Geneva and joins us now. Peter, thanks so much for being with us.","Hi, Scott.","So, how do we read the tea leaves on this?The talks were supposed to finish yesterday, but now the secretary of state has flown all the way across the Atlantic to join them.","Well, it should be a positive sign, although the very latest comments from British Foreign Secretary William Hague are along the lines, well, the gaps are narrow but they're important and not easy to resolve. So, I think your point that we're not there yet is still very much in play. But I think there's also a high-level presence, which means there's a growing sense of urgency about wrapping up these talks. I mean, this is supposed to be the easy part - a six-month deal that's entirely reversible in just about every respect if something doesn't go right. So, hammering out a lasting comprehensive deal is going to be much harder than this. And if this one takes too long to negotiate, there's a fear the whole diplomatic enterprise could just collapse under pressure. We've already heard from both parties in Congress that more sanctions may come up next month if these talks fail. So, I'd say there is a feeling of some kind of a deadline. Maybe not this weekend but soon."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the statement suggests that despite the appearance of a positive sign, the comments from the British Foreign Secretary indicate that the situation is more challenging and difficult to resolve than it may seem. The literal meaning of the words may convey a positive outlook, but the implied meaning highlights the potential obstacles and complexities involved.","questions":"What does the statement in turn 3 suggest about the situation discussed?","answer":"Obstacles"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . Calmer feeling inside your kitchens. Why?","Right. That's part of what I learned not to do from Todd is to scream and to not pay them. And a lot of that was what I had to go through. I had to beg for my paycheck, or - I think I was making $6 an hour from him. So I felt I would succeed if I treat people with dignity and teach them the tools to succeed - not that I really knew right away when I had only one restaurant - but to be part of a team instead of a head chef and a screamer. I wanted it to feel like we're all in this together - from the reservationist, to the dishwasher, to the line cooks, to myself - that we are one chef, and we - I need them to succeed. So that's how I worked in my kitchens.","Why do you think it's still so hard for women to break into this business?","It isn't hard to break into it. It's up to women to want to do it. I think a lot of women look at the hours and the lifestyle, and then they think family or children. But I think it's fabulous to have your children involved in the restaurant industry. I mean, it's changed a lot. And - I mean, it's not - it's about what women want to do, and don't give up. I think that's really - I just put my head down, and I knew what I wanted, and I went for it. And yeah, there's struggle, but there's struggles in every job."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning suggests that Todd taught A not to scream and not to pay the employees. However, the actual meaning is that A learned from Todd's mistakes and did not engage in those behaviors.","questions":"What did PersonA learn from Todd regarding treating employees in the kitchen?","answer":"Not-scream"}
{"text":["We're talking with NPR foreign correspondent Deborah Amos, with us from our bureau in Beirut. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. But does that suggest that people believe that some sort of conference, some sort of agreement will freeze things in place, at some point?","Well, maybe if we get to Geneva 10 as many. . .",". . . analysts talk about here.","Not funny, but it's funny."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The agreement will cause things to come to a halt with no further changes.","questions":"How will the agreement affect changes?","answer":"Halt"}
{"text":["I think it is.","Oh my gosh!","I think it is.","This is a huge day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This is a day where a something very important has happened or is happening.","questions":"Which day?","answer":"Today"}
{"text":["Sometimes, small complaints can trigger absurdly large medical bills. We're joined now by Dr.  Elisabeth Rosenthal, editor-in-chief of our partner Kaiser Health News, to talk about a bill to treat a toenail fungus and what happened next. Welcome to the program.","Thanks for having me.","The bill we're talking about is $1,469 for medication for a woman here in Washington, D. C.  Tell me the story.","Well, Anne Soloviev went to her dermatologist just for a skin check. She didn't even realize she had a toenail problem. And the physician assistant who saw her said, oh, you have toenail fungus. Let us call in a prescription. And she thought, yeah, sure. Why not."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The woman did not go to the dermatologist for a toenail problem, but was prescribed medication for it anyway","questions":"How was the woman's toenail problem diagnosed?","answer":"Prescription"}
{"text":["One, make sure you fill out all the federal forms correctly and thoroughly. Two, report all your income to the government. Those will be the two big headlines. Three. . .","That's the law, right?","Yeah, that's - follow the law is clear. Three, it really hasn't affected the lobbying business, per se, even with President Trump. There's so much uncertainty out there that businesses and individuals want people representing them in Washington who are just kind of aware of what's going on and looking after their interests.","Well, that raises this question. During your lobbying career, you lobbied, I gather, for broadcasters and beer wholesalers. As we noted, Mr.  Manafort specialized in lobbying for foreign strongman, including Mobutu Sese Seko of Zaire and Viktor Yanukovych of Ukraine, Moscow's man - Moscow's plant in Kiev. Question might sound naive - I thought ambassadors were supposed to represent the interests of foreign powers in Washington, D. C.  How did lobbyists become part of it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It is a legal requirement to fill out federal forms correctly and report income to the government.","questions":"How many big headlines did PersonA mention in the dialogue?","answer":"Two"}
{"text":["So his plan is pretty sweeping and includes gun control measures, and he calls for the end to the federal death penalty. But there's one big, overarching aspect of it - this grant program intended to incentivize states to incarcerate people less and rehabilitate people more. Broad strokes, he says he's looking to shrink the incarcerated population.","Now, his plan has drawn some criticism, maybe most loudly from New Jersey senator Cory Booker, who is himself running for president. He called Biden's plan, quote, \"inadequate. \"And he also said that it doesn't go far enough - that, for example, it should make more use of the president's clemency powers, that it should legalize marijuana instead of simply decriminalizing it. But also, very pointedly, Booker called Biden, quote, \"an architect of mass incarceration\" - this really big insult that he lobbed at him.","Now, that strong words there.","Yes. Yes. And it's a reference to the 1994 crime bill, which critics and some experts say contributed to mass incarceration of African American men in America. So one thing that we are seeing here - it's an ongoing dynamic in this race - is that, on the one hand, Joe Biden uses his long resume, his long political career to his benefit on the trail. He uses it as a way of saying, look - I'm qualified to do this. But on the other hand, that long career means that his opponents have found a lot of past Biden positions and actions that they are weaponizing against him."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when a plan is sweeping it means it changes a lot of things and can be life changing","questions":"Which aspect of Biden's plan is intended to incentivize states to incarcerate people less and rehabilitate people more?","answer":"Incentivize"}
{"text":["Let's go back and talk about the suspended campaign for a moment. What is the practical effect of that on the race for the White House?","I suspect that the main affect it's had thus far is to get everyone talking about John McCain and how he has a tendency to shake things up again, which is a big part of John McCain's campaign persona, his narrative, if you will, that he is a fellow who is inclined to do the unexpected, to move between the parties, to move on his own, to be a maverick, to be unpredictable, to throw the long ball if you'd like, and sometimes that can really change things.","Now, I think that the McCain campaign maybe telling us in the hours to come that just the shift in emphasis over the last 24 hours since he's talked about suspending his campaign - it's been a little less than 24 hours since the mid-afternoon announcement that he wanted to do that on Wednesday - that just that alone changed the atmosphere in Washington, and even before he returned to Washington, the fruits of that were visible. That's obviously going to be a debatable proposition. I think a lot of people are going to relate to this as having been a kind of campaign device that had very little effect on the actual bailout negotiations. But those two sides will contend.","I have less than 30 seconds for your answer, and the question is, is it fair to ask whether or not Sarah Palin could have continued campaigning?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They are implying that they are short on time","questions":"How much time do they have left?","answer":"30-seconds"}
{"text":["The sport right now is not very big, but the potential is huge. And one of the reasons there's such a big potential is that the typical esports viewer and esports player are young males. Those are people that don't watch television. They've never watched television. We talk about cord-cutters in the business. These are cord-nevers.","And so advertisers are desperate to try to reach them because they can't reach them anywhere else. So you have companies like Turner Sports, the Big Agency, WME-IMG - they see that advertisers want to reach this group, so they're all trying to get into that group to sort of prove that advertisers should go with them in order to build up the business.","Where is the money coming from, though?And sort of where is it going?Where are they investing the money in?","In several different places. You have certain NBA team owners that have invested in actual teams. I mentioned Turner Sports and WME-IMG. They actually created a league called ELEAGUE with different teams, and they have a regular season and a playoff tournament. Sponsors are sort of getting attached to all of this, and that's where all the money is coming in from, sort of all areas."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In (1), the speaker is saying that the potential for esports is huge because the typical viewers and players are young males who do not watch traditional television. The literal meaning is straightforward, but the implied meaning is that traditional forms of media are becoming less relevant to younger generations, which is an important factor in the growth potential of esports.","questions":"How are advertisers trying to reach young males who do not watch traditional television?","answer":"Esports"}
{"text":["I'm well. I'm going to read a bit from the editorial. You're answering attacks on Maryland Representative Elijah Cummings and on his district, which includes Baltimore. And you wrote, (reading) it's not hard to see what's going on here. The congressman has been a thorn in this president's side, and Mr.  Trump sees attacking African American members of Congress as good politics, as it both warms the cockles of the white supremacists who love him and causes so many of the thoughtful people who don't to scream.","So it seems that you think this is all very much premeditated, and it's not just, as some have said, the president responding to Fox News.","Yes. Well, I think it clearly is - both things are going on at the same time. I think Fox News gives him the ammunition he needed, and he gave it probably about, you know, two seconds of thought to find an opportunity to slam Representative Cummings who, of course, has been critical of his border policy, and so he took it. And so 750,000 people woke up in the 7th District yesterday being told that they were the worst place in the country by the president of the United States.","When you first read those tweets, what was your thought?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He gives him the content to use against him. He has negative information that can hurt him.","questions":"Which representative did the president attack in his tweets?","answer":"Cummings"}
{"text":["And based on your experience, Ms.  Rosenberg, how much do France and the U. K.  and Germany want to be different than U. S.  policy in this regard?","Right now is the period of true testing of exactly that question. How independent do they want their foreign policy to be, given that there's a long-standing, close relationship between trans-Atlantic security partners and significant collaboration and interconnectivity in the economic sphere?So on the one hand, Europe wants to adhere to its own principles on foreign policy and economic relations, which lead it to diverge from the United States in the matter of this Iran deal. On the other hand, that may mean risking quite a lot.","Elizabeth Rosenberg of the Center for a New American Security, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Europe is facing a difficult choice between adhering to its own principles and risking significant consequences or aligning with the US on the matter of the Iran deal.","questions":"How is Europe's foreign policy being tested currently?","answer":"Testing"}
{"text":["So it's like, your mind can't be stuck on this. You're just like, I'm here, so I'm trying to figure out, how do I even go to school, try to look nice, so the kids don't roast you?You're trying to figure out, how do I talk?How do I, you know, engage?But now we kind of just laugh at it. We make jokes out of anything. That's how I cope with a lot of stuff. I just make jokes about it or just laugh about it. Hip-hop is rooted - was birthed in New York. So it's like there's a history of, like, flipping your story into something positive. And then, you know, we're still here. You know, everybody's alive. Everybody's living, doing their own stuff, trying to chase their dreams. So we try to keep the energy, like, positive and optimistic - you know?- because that's the only way, I feel like, to really live a good life.","(Singing) What's up with you?Won't stop loving you. How you want me to?","Rapper Thutmose on his debut album, \"Man On Fire. \"Producer Christina Cala caught up with him at the South by Southwest Music Festival.","(Rapping) Tell me what your view is. She from Malibu. She want to hang out with the cool kids."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : stuck on this implies that a person keeps thinking about something","questions":"How does the speaker cope with a lot of stuff?","answer":"Jokes"}
{"text":["Well, Secretary Kerry has been talking about this idea of a transitional government. It's kind of - if you remember, back in January they tried a ceasefire that was disrespected by both sides because it told people to stop fighting. It didn't address why they were fighting, which was to control the government.","So now there's a conversation that Kerry's having with both President Kiir and over the phone with the rebel leader, Riek Machar, saying, OK, you guys need to sit down and discuss a transitional government that will include both tribes, but - at least we're reading between the lines here - probably not include either of you guys. Now, whether he can get that across might be possible. The U. S.  does have a lot of power in this region. But it really does depend on these two sides sitting down.","Greg, the U. N.  special adviser says there's, quote, \"the risk of genocide. \"That will make a lot of people wonder if we're on the verge of another Rwanda or Bosnia.","One very chilling account was before the recent massacre in Bentiu. Rebel commanders were said to have used a local radio station to tell men to commit acts of rape against women from the ethnic opposition. That reminds people of Rwanda. The true fear - and this is already happening - is that this hate speech will blur the line between civilian and combatant."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The implication of this turn is that Kerry is trying to get the two sides to agree to a transition government that will not include either of them, despite their protests and desires.","questions":"How does Kerry aim to resolve the conflict in South Sudan?","answer":"Transitional"}
{"text":["You're very welcome.","What made you write this letter?","What I've noticed is that the sidelines has become more venomous. When expletives come across, when parents are yelling you're the worst referee ever because of one bad call that was made - this is outrageous behavior. It's unacceptable on every level.","Is there a particularly egregious incident that sticks in your mind that you could relate to us we might learn from?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : What I've noticed is that the sidelines has become more venomous. When expletives come across, when parents are yelling you're the worst referee ever because of one bad call that was made - this is outrageous behavior. It's unacceptable on every level.  In this turn, the actual meaning goes beyond the literal meaning. The speaker is not merely describing an observation about the increasing venomous behavior on the sidelines, but also expressing their disapproval and condemnation of such behavior. The implication is that the speaker finds this behavior unacceptable and outrageous, emphasizing the negative impact it has on the referee and the overall atmosphere of the game.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the behavior on the sidelines?","answer":"Disapproval"}
{"text":["(Singing) When the night comes. And you lay your weary had to rest. No more trials, no test. When the night comes. . .","That kind of thing.","Dan Auerbach, thank you for putting up with my really (Soundbite of laughter) miserable drumming. My rhythm section was lousy, but you sounded great.","I just felt like I was on \"American Idol. \""],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : He felt like he was watching a contestant on a game show.","questions":"What show did PersonA feel like he was on?","answer":"Contestant"}
{"text":["Well, one of the first things you do when you find out somebody who shares your name is say, oh, where's your family from?So I told him my family was Romanian and many had come over after World War II. And he told me when I asked him that his family was indeed descended from a sort of aristocratic Austrian family and that he was clearly not wealthy now. There had once been a family fortune, but as he put it, mother lived too long.","Mother lived too long.","Mother lived too long.","And so this acquaintance blossomed over the years, and so you got to know him a little bit."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : that the acquaintance between the two people had grown over the years.","questions":"Which aspect of the acquaintance grew over time?","answer":"Relationship"}
{"text":["It's hard. It is really hard when every time you look up, three kids killed here, four people shot here, somebody getting killed right down the street, right around the corner. It's kind of discouraging sometimes trying to do as much as you can with the resources that you do have.","Boy, I mean, I think a lot of people listening, well, will be very moved, but, I mean, some of them have to be saying, wait a minute. The president of the United States is from the South Side. Don't people look up to him?","I definitely look up to Obama. Obama's a great guy. I never forget - March 31 I wrote the president. You know, I'm from your city, and we're dying down here every day. What are you doing up there to stop what's happening to us down here?And he wrote me back, a little girl in a little basement apartment in Englewood. He wrote me back.","I was able to use that letter to inspire the people that live in this neighborhood like me. Don't ever stop trying. And it just goes back to the movement. No matter how hard things get, no matter every day and I'll wake up and I look at the news and more people have been killed, more people have been shot, that just shows me that I still have work to do."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that some people may question whether the President of the United States, who is from the South Side, is a role model for people in that area. However, the implied meaning is that the President should be doing more to address the issues and problems faced by the people in the South Side. The speaker is suggesting that the President has a responsibility to use his position to help the community and that some people may feel disappointed by his lack of action.","questions":"Which community is facing issues and problems and the speaker thinks President Obama should help?","answer":"South"}
{"text":["Well - and now they'll get $25 million, right?","I guess.","NPR's Ina Jaffe, thanks so much for being with us.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of turn 3 is \"Thank you for joining us and providing information on the topic.\" ","questions":"What was NPR's correspondent thanked for in the dialogue?","answer":"providing"}
{"text":["What would be a - and forgive the pun - what would be the holy grail for an Indiana Jones like you?What would be the ultimate?","Well, that would be to go right back to the beginning, you know, to do like a dino brew, you know, sort of a Garden of Eden type of beverage, I guess. And unfortunately in the Paleolithic period, the containers get destroyed. They were probably made out of leather, wood or whatever. So we don't have remnants of any containers from the Paleolithic period.","And that's important because once you have a container like pottery, made of pottery, the liquids get absorbed into that, and it helps to retain the ancient organic materials until the biomolecular archeologists like us comes along thousands of years later.","Do you have any bets of where the cradle of civilization for wine and beer originates?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Garden of Eden and Dino brew are not literal; it implies that they'd find something really old that dates back to the beginning of an era we have knowledge of.","questions":"Which ancient era does PersonA refer to in turn 1?","answer":"Paleolithic"}
{"text":["Well, I got to, or. . .","Or I'm doomed. I do think it is a good time for independent artists, period. And I feel like soul music in this country really has told the story of black Americans in this country, and right now the field is kind of narrow. So, from city to city, you go and you listen to the radio, and you try to find soul music on the radio, you're either listening to hip-hop, or you're listening to oldies and dusties and R&B.","So, there's a whole big huge chasm which some of us live in part of the time at least, where where's this music?Where is the new soul music?Where are the people that are writing the classics that are going to be around in 20 years, and 30 years, and 40 years?","Well, in addition to your own songs, you have sung other folks' work. And in 2004, you sang on a tribute album for Luther Vandross. Here's a little bit of \"Forever, For Always, For Love. \""],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is a lack of new soul music that can become classics in the future.","questions":"Which Luther Vandross song did PersonA sing on a tribute album in 2004?","answer":"Forever"}
{"text":[". . . Which is tsk-ahh. . .","(Laughter)",". . . Which people might think is a very sort of girly kind of sound. But - I mean, I have no defense for that.","What's the linguistic translation of that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A: ...Which people might think is a very sort of girly kind of sound. But - I mean, I have no defense for that.  The implied meaning in this turn is that the speaker is acknowledging that some people may view the sound they made as \"girly,\" but they don't have any justification or explanation for why they made that sound. They seem to be a bit embarrassed or self-conscious about it.","questions":"Which kind of sound is perceived as girly by some people according to A?","answer":"Sound"}
{"text":["Correct. Well, you know, I have to say that when I go out and give talks, I say that Buchanan is the second-most consequential American - Washington being the first. Washington started everything or led the start to everything. And Buchanan led us into demise.","Plus, he didn't support Stephen Douglas as his successor. And the Democratic Party split into three, allowing Lincoln to win. Perhaps if he had supported Douglas, his rival, maybe Douglas would've won the next election. And Lincoln would've been - I don't know - an afterthought. But he might not have ever become president.","Just a very - wildly successful corporate attorney in Illinois.","Perhaps so."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 3) Implied meaning: If Buchanan had supported Douglas, Lincoln would not have become president, but he would have been successful in some other way.","questions":"Which politician could have potentially won the next election if Buchanan had supported him?","answer":"Douglas"}
{"text":["You're welcome.","Not to belabor this obvious point, but is this as dangerous as it sounds?","It is. And because it's becoming precariously dangerous situation for the east coast of Florida - meaning it may officially stay offshore but still spread the core of its severe impacts right along the coastline - I think that's something that we should emphasize, is that - and I think it was mentioned off the top of the hour - we need our listeners from our member stations in Miami, WLRN, all the way to Jacksonville, WJCT, to take this seriously, especially if you live east of that I-95 corridor because there is an increasing chance now the core - and we're talking the eye wall - of major Hurricane Dorian will brush the coastline.","That could mean winds well above hurricane strength. That could bring storm surge, storm surge warnings and hurricane warnings in effect. So I think that's what's the most dangerous part of this storm is actually the fact that it may be not coming ashore directly, and residents may not be taking it seriously at this point.","Has the storm reached full strength, or is there any possibility that it could intensify?","It likely has reached close to its full strength. It's approaching or moving over the islands now of the Northern Bahamas. And it's also showing signs of going through a eye wall replacement cycle. That will likely occur in the next 24 hours. So the strength is going to fluctuate."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The hurricane may cause severe impacts along the coastline despite staying offshore.","questions":"How might Hurricane Dorian affect the east coast of Florida?","answer":"dangerous"}
{"text":["But even artists like Bone Crusher, who's very theatrical. He was on \"The Biggest Loser\" or - no, the \"Celebrity Fit Club,\" \"Celebrity Fit Club. \"He was on \"Celebrity Fit Club\" and has such a wonderful personality. You have so - these artists that are first songwriters and musicians are so creative. They are so well-rounded and many of them you will see in other mediums.","Now, you are listening to NPR's News & Notes. I am Farai Chideya. In case you are just tuning in, we are doing a special roundtable in entertainment in the ATL with Dee Dee Murray. She is president of Murray Media Music. The company provides publishing service for musicians, writers and producers. And Sonia Murray, music writer at the Atlanta Journal Constitution.","Now, Dee Dee, what about the issue of being a woman in this industry?You know, I have many friends in the industry and I am just going to be real here. You know, one of them says, well, if I don't go to the strip clubs with the guys, I don't get the deal. Do you ever had to figure out where you draw the line in terms of how you are willing to make deals and where you are willing to make deals?","All of the time. As a woman, you always are faced with the challenge of upholding your morality in a lot of instances. And for me, I have had to go to the strip club with some of my clients that are males from California that only dreamed of coming to Atlanta and striking deals in these clubs."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : As a woman in the industry, upholding morality can be difficult and uncomfortable.","questions":"What challenge does a woman face in the industry?","answer":"Women"}
{"text":["So basically it has to say, you know, our sticker price is this amount. If you have insurance, that cost may vary.","OK. But that's a good point. Do people actually pay that official sticker price in most cases?","So that's the drug industry's argument against this proposal. They say that because of insurance coverage, hardly anyone pays the price the Trump administration is forcing these drug makers to include in their ads. That price is often called the list price or the sticker price, as we said. Drugmakers argue that including that price would scare consumers off from even going to their doctor and asking about a drug because they'd see a sky-high list price, and they would think - I can't afford that; I'm not going to go to the doctor.","Well, now that's interesting because that could be bad for someone's health. But is that actually what the government may want in some cases - for a consumer to make an informed decision that this drug just seems really pricey for the benefits alleged with it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The official sticker price is not necessarily the price people pay for drugs due to insurance coverage.","questions":"How is the price of drugs affected?","answer":"Insurance"}
{"text":["Well, Katie Couric is set to interview Sarah Palin, so we're taking folks' questions. We want to know what they think Katie Couric should ask. We've got video interviews with singer Eric Benet and Glynn Turman who won an Emmy over the weekend.","He did.","Yeah, we're going to revisit that video. And we have more video interviews coming up with the cast of Spike Lee's \"Miracle at St. Anna. \"","Oh, sounds like some good stuff."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People are being asked to suggest questions for Katie Couric's interview with Sarah Palin.","questions":"What is the focus of the interview with Katie Couric and Sarah Palin?","answer":"Sarah"}
{"text":["So, this is an exciting moment for us to take a look at ourselves. So, you know, first of all, how do you compare this presidential race with ones in the past?","Can't do it. This is not like any presidential race in the past. We have already had the first woman candidate to be this close to being nominated. The first Hispanic candidate to be a major candidate. First Mormon. We have the first African-American nominee, now presumptive nominee of the Democratic Party. And we also had a very interesting race on the Republican side that would have been kind of a barnburner in its own right. So, this has been a much more interesting presidential race that we've had in my lifetime. And it's just got an awful lot of facets of great news value.","So, how would you say, what would you say even coverage is?What is the goal really?","The best thing you can do is to reach the end of the campaign and have people say, well, we got a fair look at the candidates from the beginning to the end. We got a fair look at the two nominees of the major parties. We got a fair look at the third party candidates. And we got a fair look at all the competitors back in the primaries. I don't think you can say that at all is going to be exactly the same number of minutes devoted to each."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Equal coverage for all candidates is difficult to achieve.","questions":"What is the biggest challenge in achieving fair coverage for all candidates?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Well, self-employed people are often other people's discretionary spending. In other words, if I'm cutting back, and I had a trainer who was coming to my house three times a week, maybe now she's coming in twice or once. That hits her bottom line. So we know that, essentially, self-employed people, if they're discretionary spending, are going to be on the front line.","The message for them is to diversify your portfolio to make sure that now, if you're counting on one person, let's get three lined up. Let's be more flexible. Let's deal with issues about how you might provide different kinds of payment schedules and other kinds of things.","But self-employed people, whether they're personal services, which we've just talked about, whether they're business services, the people who do the graphics artwork, who do the editing and other things, they're going to have to dance on a dime. Because, basically, when people start cutting budgets they're the easiest ones to cut.","Now if you're self-employed - and there are many people who have started, you know, any number of businesses - if you're self-employed, either like you said, doing personal services or running a small business with other employees who work for you, what can you do to sure yourself up financially?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Self-employed people must be adaptable in budget cuts","questions":"What quality must self-employed people possess in order to withstand budget cuts?","answer":"Adaptability"}
{"text":["Sure, you don't want the whole - that to be the second sentence of every every paragraph about you.","O'CONNELL: Yeah, Billie Eilish, who has Tourette's syndrome. . .","Right, which since I announced it, which I only announced it because I was, like, this needs to be cleared up. And of course, I said in that thing that I don't want it to define me or be who I am or whatever. And of course now, it's everything everybody talks about all the time. So it's great. And people keep asking about me about it in interviews.","O'CONNELL: (Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that the speaker is being sarcastic or making a joke in response to the other person's comment.","questions":"Which turn indicates a humorous response?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["Well, I was there at the time and I didn't think that Ukraine would take off at all. The first problem was that there were no good economic thinkers at all in Ukraine. All the thinking was really done in Moscow. And the other part was political, that Ukraine came together through a coalition of Ukrainian nationalists in the West who wanted to have an independent state and the old corrupt nomenklatura who wanted to stay in power, and in effect they did.","Hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians have been camping out in downtown Kiev, calling for change, more of a turn towards the West. What do you make of the protest movement when you have this agreement?Is it the kind of thing that in the West we might see and identify with and therefore maybe exaggerate the strength?","Well, what this is, is not about trade agreement - that's the lesser part. It's about European values. It's about democracy and rule of law. Ukrainians are tired of corruption and poor governance. They want to live as in Europe.","You wrote a book in 2009, \"How Ukraine Became a Market Economy and Democracy. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"It's about European values.It's about democracy and rule of law.Ukrainians are tired of corruption and poor governance.They want to live as in Europe.\"","questions":"Which values do Ukrainians want to live by?","answer":"European"}
{"text":["If that works for them - you know, Rick Barry obviously had a lot of success with that.","Yeah.","But it's definitely, I think, probably more difficult. But if you can master that, then do what you please. But it's definitely been easy for me shooting overhand.","Yeah. You do have two more years to break your own record, you know?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Shooting overhand is easier for me than underhand.","questions":"Which shooting technique is easier for A?","answer":"Overhand"}
{"text":["Thanks so much for having me on.","Can you tell me a little bit about Nebraska's land and what it means to its residents, the farmers?","Yeah. So Nebraska is in many ways a typical Great Plains state. Because the Missouri River cuts through along the eastern edge of the state, that's where all of the population originally settled. And so you have major industrial centers in south Sioux City and in Omaha. And then you have the capital educational center of Lincoln. But when you travel west of Lincoln, there's almost no one there. The small farming communities have gotten smaller and smaller in the last 50 years. And you can drive for hours essentially seeing only flatlands that are planted to corn and to soybeans and occasionally dotted with hog barns and feedlots for cattle.","Speaking to that disappearing landscape, I'd like you to read a page from your book, page 69.","(Reading) To understand, first remember - Nebraska is a place. It sits square as an anvil in the center of our maps. And yet somehow, everyone manages to forget it exists. Maybe that's because Nebraska is also a land of ghosts, of small towns dwindling to the point where in another generation they might simply cease to exist.","Why are they disappearing?Where are they going?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Nebraska is often overlooked or forgotten despite its importance and existence.","questions":"What is the main idea of the reading from page 69 of the book that PersonA read?","answer":"Existence"}
{"text":["Presidential candidates sure ate a lot this week - matzah, blintzes, pizza slices. The presidential campaigns have moved to New York for the next primary. After Bernie Sanders won the Democratic primary in Wisconsin this week, Ted Cruz won the Republican side. Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump hope to rebound in more familiar territory. NPR's Ron Elving joins us. Ron, thanks so much for being with us.","Good to be with you, Scott.","Let's begin with the Democrats. They were playing so nicely together. And then this week it seemed like they were calling each other unqualified. Both candidates say they're getting sick and tired. What happened?","I have no doubt that they are sick and tired of each other. But let's be clear, Hillary Clinton never actually said that Sanders was unqualified, despite multiple efforts on the part of many hosts to get her to do that. She kept saying that she thought she was more qualified and so on. And she never would actually say that he was qualified. And this, of course, all followed on a rather rocky interview that Bernie Sanders had with New York Daily News that went viral."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The turn contains multiple layers of meaning, including both explicit and implicit information, and its true significance can only be fully understood through careful analysis of its context and subtext.","questions":"What does turn 3 contain?","answer":"Information"}
{"text":["So Virginia was demographically the ideal Barack Obama success story. It was not a one color success story. It was a multicolored \u2014 he even did better than he's done anywhere else among Latinos. So Virginia is really, if you will, the marquee state for the Barack Obama coalition that he wants to put together.","What about independent voters?Independents or particularly first time voters seemed to have come out.","Yes. In fact, first time voters are largely a creation in this particular cycle of the Barack Obama campaign. That's why they came out. It isn't just because they are suddenly interested in the political process; it's Obama. And in Virginia in particular Obama did so well among independents that he was the reason largely that Mike Huckabee threatened John McCain at all in Virginia. Otherwise McCain would have counted on five to 10 percentage points more from independents who were being attracted over to the other side by Barack Obama.","Before we let you go, there are so many ways to crunch the delegates on the Democratic side. But specifically in terms of delegates that the two candidates have won, in the primaries and caucuses, how are they standing now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"multicolored\" is a figurative language that means it was not just one racial group that supported Barack Obama.","questions":"Which state is considered as the marquee state for the Barack Obama coalition, as mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Virginia"}
{"text":["What do people need most right now?","People are getting really frustrated in the area that was hardest hit. We went by a shelter where you've got hundreds of people packed into a school. You know, they have not had any aid that's come in there. You know, food has been cut off. You've got some areas that have been just completely cut off from any access at all, including, you know, cellphone service, so people haven't been able to even communicate.","The needs are absolutely huge. I mean, there's just large swaths of the southwest of this country that were just, sort of, completely crushed by this hurricane. And, you know, it's even kind of hard to even tally what is going to be needed but certainly roofing material so that people can get back into their homes. And there's definitely going to be a need for food and water in these areas.","What are the problems in getting aid to arrive?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People are getting really frustrated in the area that was hardest hit. Implicated meaning: The situation in the area that was hardest hit is causing significant emotional distress and dissatisfaction among people.","questions":"How are people feeling in the area that was hardest hit?","answer":"Frustrated"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . Able to meet as she died the start of her junior year.","And Mark Gorman.","Mark Gorman, another very nice kid, unfortunately dying during the first semester of his senior year in - as he got hit by a car coming home. It was on a Friday night and - I should say a Thursday night. And our football team generally gets together every Thursday night. And Mark was a football player to start his career at Bremen and in band and lots of activities. But he decided managering (ph) the football team - being a manager of the football team would be more beneficial to everybody. And he did the manager job as best as he could and as thorough as he could. And the football team kind of elected him on his leadership ability to come speak to the team. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The speaker is expressing regret about the death of a fellow student.","questions":"What was the name of the student who died during the first semester of his senior year?","answer":"Mark-Gorman"}
{"text":["Well, I mean, he's basically had to divest himself of things so that there was no conflict with him working for the government, having had been at Goldman. In that respect, he's gotten, you know, some of those conflicts out of the way already.","There's going to be a conflict of interests in this program. I mean, the asset manager that they hire, they're going to have to have experience managing the kind of assets that the Treasury wants to buy. And so they probably will own some of these assets or manage assets for other clients, for pension funds, for other investors. And so there are going to be huge conflicts. And the Treasury is struggling right now with how to make sure those conflicts are as minimal as possible.","Is there another potential problem that Neel Kashkari is not going to be in Washington much longer if there's a change in administrations. And that that'll cause some kind of turbulence, and, for that matter, Secretary Paulson might not be in place come January.","You're right. There is going to be a huge reshuffling. I mean, four months is not a long time, and it's not the best time to be changing shifts. But it happens, and the Treasury is already working on a transition team trying to make sure that they keep the Obama and the McCain campaigns abreast of what they're doing. And then, after November, they plan to work pretty hard with whomever they designate as a Treasury Secretary."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Treasury is struggling to minimize conflicts of interests in their program.","questions":"What is the Treasury struggling to minimize in their program?","answer":"Conflicts"}
{"text":["Both the trains slowed. I was standing there with my bag over my shoulder, ready to jump. It was windy. It was cold. It was kind of getting dark. And so they finally lined up the cars correctly, and I was told to run across the loose rocks and jump on to the other train.","The conductor on the other train pulled me on to that car. Once I was onboard, another conductor came through the car, and she said to me, don't get up when we get to Milwaukee. What I heard from her was don't get up, or I will kill you. I did not move the rest of the trip.","So I get to Saint Paul. I'm looking for my brother. He's late. So he gets there, and I ask him, why were you late?And he says, well, I checked the train schedule, and it said it was running behind. Oh, that was because of me.","A travel nightmare with a happy ending from Anne Fleury in Milwaukee. Send us your stories, please. Go to weekendeditionsaturday@npr. org. Click on contact. Put Travel Nightmare at the top of your message."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The actual meaning of the turn is different from its literal meaning. The statement \"don't get up when we get to Milwaukee\" is meant as a warning not to get off the train at Milwaukee, rather than a threat to kill the speaker if they move.","questions":"What was the warning given by the conductor to the speaker while on the train to Milwaukee?","answer":"Milwaukee"}
{"text":["I find it interesting that the thing that I think is their signature model, which is the pinching effect, they didn't care about or seem to want to protect that.","It was - so the pinch to zoom, it's something that they've litigated with HTC against, I believe, in the past. They were using - they had a handful of other different user interface features. There's one, double-tap to zoom, so when you double-tap, say, a little article on the New York Times homepage, it'll, you know, expand to take up the full screen.","And that was in the core - the jury agreed that was something they owned.","Correct."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Pinch-to-zoom is a feature that Apple litigated with HTC in the past. Apple had other user interface features.","questions":"Which feature did the jury agree that Apple owned?","answer":"Pinch-to-zoom"}
{"text":["Well, the children have Medicaid, just due to our lower income. We are available to some of the state aid, which is very welcome. Fortunately, we haven't had to use it too much. We do have a couple of kids with some special needs that are addressed, but the other three haven't had much need for it.","Even in difficult times you need a little break. You need to get away and do something to remind yourself that life is fun sometimes, too. What you do if you have any extra money and you can go somewhere?","We did get away for a family vacation this summer, went down to North Carolina. We do the bargain movie theaters. We do - the kids are very busy at school and we try to keep them going on all these field trips and what not.","Ohio, where you are, this was a famous battleground state in the election, and you know, we've had all these undecided voters. And we are asking people these questions that feel intrusive, even to us as we ask them, but can you tell me how you voted?","Well, I was undecided, I guess, or uncommitted up until Monday evening, and to be honest with you, I couldn't bring myself to vote for either one of the two major parties. I just felt that neither one of them represented the change that we actually needed in this country. So - and I will just leave it at that.","All right. Jon Diebold in Cincinnati, Ohio. What's your restaurant?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Having Medicaid is helpful, but we still struggle financially.","questions":"How does the family receive state aid?","answer":"Medicaid"}
{"text":["But David, wasn't that what the banks were supposed to be doing themselves, getting that money that they were given, to - and lending it out to homeowners, to small-business owners?","Yes, exactly. And essentially, they took that money, and a lot of the banks hoarded it. Some actually paid out bonuses to their executives; others paid out dividends to their shareholders. It really angered a lot of lawmakers. There was actually a report out by a congressional oversight committee that criticized the current Treasury for not tracking the money and not forcing banks to lend out this money or for helping homeowners. Geithner is basically responding to those criticisms and doing those very things.","So, what's his plan to make sure that the oversight is improved by the Treasury Department?","Well, one idea he's considering is to create a separate bureau within Treasury. It would be easier to track the performance of the rescue program if it was separated out from the rest of the Treasury. That's the belief. But in addition to that, they are really thinking about creating whole - entire new programs that would force banks to reveal what they are doing with rescue money as well as support some of the markets that finance credit cards, auto loans, you know, municipal bonds. These are new programs that haven't yet existed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Plan to make sure that the oversight is improved by the treasury Department","questions":"How is the Treasury Department planning to improve oversight?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["It certainly looks like he has taken a fatal downturn, and he needs to turn his campaign around totally. And he needs to show us that he really wants it. He has the organization, the money. There is still time. There'll be more debates. He can do it if he really wants it, but he's got to show us that.","A lot of talk about the way CNBC ran the debate. And as a matter of fact, the Republican National Committee has suspended its agreement with NBC for a later debate. How do you read this?","Another effective counterpunch, really. Moderators had tough questions here. They were challenging, and they bordered at times on the insulting, contemptuous. The candidates were bristling at this. And then Ted Cruz really unloaded on it with a big screed about the mainstream media bias, and it brought down the house - very sympathetic audience, by the way. And all of the candidates started fighting back, things got unruly. And then after the debate, the candidates' staffs all complained to the Republican National Committee chairman, and he pulled the plug on NBC's contract. You know, we're going to have some - probably see some format changes here with regard to some of the other upcoming debates on other networks that the Republicans have contracted with.","Regardless of any political motives, could the debate format stand some tinkering after we've seen three of them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implication of this statement is that the RNC pulled the plug on NBC's contract as a result of the reaction that the candidates had to the debate format, not necessarily due to any political motives.","questions":"Which network's contract was pulled by the RNC?","answer":"NBC"}
{"text":["Your program's been underway since the fall. Any success stories yet?","You know, it's hard to define success. The phone's ringing. We've gotten about four dozen calls so far, and those tips are kind of in various stages where local law enforcement is working to vet those. But I think the fact that the phone's ringing and information's coming in where it wasn't before is a huge success for us.","Audrey Simkins is the cold case analyst for the Colorado Bureau of Investigations. Thanks for speaking with us.","Thanks so much for giving me a call."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In this turn, the speaker is not just providing a definition of success but also implying that the program is already showing signs of success by highlighting the increase in tips and information received. ","questions":"How has the program shown signs of success?","answer":"Increase"}
{"text":["I think both can be true. I think - look. It's outrageous that there's an invoice. But it's not new. The invoice was not given lately. It was given to Special Representative Yun when he went to North Korea to collect Otto Warmbier. And at that point, when you're giving that invoice, you sign, and you leave. So it's not new. That's one. Second, it's not unique, either. When. . .","It's not unique to negotiations with North Korea or. . .","Correct - North Korea specifically.","North Korea specifically has a habit of this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : North Korea specifically has a habit of giving invoices when collecting detainees.","questions":"Which country?","answer":"North-Korea"}
{"text":["No, that's a good question, but we - the chemical strengthening process actually happens after our immediate customers have cut the parts down to the size, the shape of the parts.","There's a famous story in Walter Isaacson's biography of Steve Jobs that says he actually came down at one point and demanded that Corning make him some glass for his - any truth to that?","Well, the story, we certainly, we don't comment in detail about the relationship with different customers, but the story is there in the book, and it's true.","Is there other kinds of products, now that you've discovered how popular and ubiquitous the Gorilla Glass could be - any other places we might see it showing up?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies that the answers regarding the relationship with different customers may be found in the book but no comment.","questions":"Which question was not commented on due to the relationship with different customers?","answer":"glass"}
{"text":["That leaves a very unnerving feeling because, if they're on the loose, and they're on a suicide mission, and they're not - you know, they could strike at any point of time. So, it does definitely leave an unnerving feeling. As long as you're home, you're secure. But one doesn't know what to expect tomorrow.","Mr. Doctor, I understand that you are a Muslim. Is that correct?","That is correct, yeah.","So far, there has not been official confirmation of who's responsible for these attacks, but they have been attributed, at least in part, to Islamic militants. How do you think the situation there might affect Hindu-Muslim relations in Mumbai?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is fear and uncertainty due to potential attacks by unidentified individuals","questions":"What feeling does the situation leave?","answer":"Unnerving"}
{"text":["To tell you the truth. On my part it was such a rarity that even I had not thought about the unassisted part of the play. I realized at the time that it was a triple play. You know, it was all three outs, but had never really thought about the unassisted part because it was such a rarity that no one ever really talked about them.","Ron, was that moment it for you in your baseball career?Is that - what could be better than that?","Well, there were some real good things that happened to me in my career. I had a fairly long career. I played in the major leagues for almost 15 years so - but I was \"Rookie of the Year\" in 1960 and that was. . .","That's pretty good."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: Was that the highlight of your baseball career?","questions":"Which play did PersonA realize was a triple play?","answer":"triple"}
{"text":["Thank you, Tony. It's a pleasure to be with you.","As I understand it, I should be singing \"Happy Birthday\" to you. Your birthday's Monday, right?","You know all the information, don't you?","It just means we did our homework on you. Happy birthday, Nneena Freelon.","Thank you, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B researched A's birthday and is wishing her happy birthday","questions":"Which day is Nneena Freelon's birthday?","answer":"Monday"}
{"text":["I stopped the clocks because, A - my contract was running out, and, yes, I am eligible for retirement 'cause I'm 72 now. But the hand-wound ones, they're big cast iron weights. If the weights, when they run out, fell over, it would take three men to reconnect all the wires going through the pulleys and things, so it was on a safety grounds that I stopped them.","Why did you stop both hands at 12?","Well, I stopped them at 12 o'clock because every time I get a clock on my working license, and my father-in-law before me, people seem to think, oh, that clock is at 12 o'clock. And they look at their watch or something, and they'll say, oh, it's stopped. Whereas if I left it at any time, they don't seem to pick it up quick enough.","Well, Mr.  Mitchell, may I ask, are there a lot of other people doing a job like yours or is that number dwindling these days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"I stopped the clocks because [...] so it was on a safety grounds that I stopped them.\" Here, the literal meaning of \"stopped the clocks\" is to prevent them from continuing to measure time. However, the actual meaning is that the clocks were intentionally stopped for safety reasons related to the weight system.","questions":"Which specific system did the safety grounds relate to?","answer":"Weight"}
{"text":["No, no. I'm a member of the House of Lords, and I'm a proud British citizen. And, you know, if you want to meet monarchists, I'm about as monarchist as you can get. Now, I'm absolutely a proud Brit.","But I do want a German passport as well, which we're able to have, because I want to be able to travel freely throughout Europe. And I do feel that my ancestry is European. All four of my grandparents were German, and my mother and her parents came to this country before the war as refugees, and Britain was wonderful to them.","But now that I discover I am entitled to a German passport as well as my British one - I'm a proud British subject - that's what I'm going to do.","Is your decision impelled, or at least hastened, by the vote on Brexit?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - Impelled in this context implies \"motivated\" or \"influenced\" which is different from its literal meaning of \"urged or forced\".","questions":"What does impelled mean in this context?","answer":"Motivated"}
{"text":["So Flame has - so far they've found about 20 modules that can be swapped in and out, and they do everything from turning on the internal microphone and webcam on your computer, this way that they could record conversations that you have over Skype or conversations that you have in the room, in the vicinity of the computer.","It takes screenshots of your communications. They seem particularly interested in any email communications or instant messaging communication that you do. It also turns your computer into a Bluetooth beacon. So if you have Bluetooth enabled on your computer, they will turn that on and do a discovery for other Bluetooth-enabled devices in the vicinity, such as a phone, and they will use your computer to then siphon the contact information that is in any phone in the area.","Wow. Wow.","Why all those things?I mean, what's the reason for that?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Wow\" is an interjection that expresses surprise or admiration, and its literal meaning is the same as its actual meaning.","questions":"How does \"Wow\" function in turn 2?","answer":"Admiration"}
{"text":["And in most car journeys, he'd be playing me music and reciting poetry. So it was really extraordinary being a daughter of such a man.","Rebecca, I mentioned earlier how I grew up in a very religious family. I don't go to church that much anymore. Actually, I don't go at all. So I'm wondering, for you, where is your faith now?Do you still have it?","No one's asked me that question (laughter). I would say that one of the things I expected from this book was that it would lay some ghosts for me, and I think it has. I still cannot open the Bible without hearing the sound of those men using scriptures almost like rapiers with each other. They knew the Bible inside out, so they would use one scripture to trump another. And it was all men locking horns, you know. So it's hard for me not to see the Bible full of words that have been used for warfare, if you like.","And yeah, I've been surprised at the effect on me of writing the book and also of the many, many people who have written to me, ex-Brethren - I would say 70 or 80 by now - beautiful letters from elderly people writing to me to say, the Brethren was a terrible thing. We all lived through it - and telling me their stories but saying, I came to find a kinder God and kinder Christians outside. And I've been really moved by how much people have wanted me to know about their kinder God."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of the question is whether Rebecca still holds faith in her religious upbringing and if she has found a different source of faith. ","questions":"Which source of faith has Rebecca discovered besides her religious upbringing?","answer":"Different"}
{"text":["The census is required by the Constitution and federal law. There's really no wiggle room here. Trump did sign this executive order directing all agencies to provide the Commerce Department with U. S.  citizenship and noncitizenship data of everyone living in the U. S. The thing is, though, that that data collection was already under way, or at least some of it was. So it's not clear what this executive order is really achieving.","House voted to limit the president's authority to use the military to strike Iran. What's the significance of that vote?","So this defense bill was really aimed at reining in the president's power to use military force against Iran without approval from Congress. This has been an issue not only with this president, but, obviously, with prior administrations - the question of when a president must get permission to take military action. And Democrats in the House are trying to take some of that authority back and give it back to Congress. Obviously, Trump was on his - very close to striking Iran, according to him, a few weeks ago.","But although the bill passed the House, it did so along party lines, and it's going to have a much harder time in the Senate. You're likely going to see some compromise have to be made for this bill to become law."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The executive order signed by Trump may not be accomplishing anything new.","questions":"What was the topic of the executive order signed by Trump?","answer":"Data"}
{"text":["So, right then, your life changed. You quit your job. You made plans to leave your family for a year and go to China.","Well, yeah. My weight had gotten so out of control that I wasn't even working at that time, unable to work.","So, when you got there seven months ago, how much did you weigh?","I weighed approximately 646 pounds."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the turn \"out of control\" in (2) is an idiomatic expression that means something is unmanageable or chaotic. Its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning, which would be that the person's weight was physically out of their control.","questions":"How was the phrase \"out of control\" used in the dialogue?","answer":"Unmanageable"}
{"text":["That Sean Combs did. Were you guys benefiting from that?Was your family - was your son actually able to get some of the money that came out of that project?","Excuse me. Well that was actually the only reason that I decided to do the record with Paul, because this was still at a time when I was - I just kind of shut everything down. I have been working on my second album prior to B. I. G. 's death.","And I didn't go back in the studio, until he called me and asked me to do this record. And the one line that, you know, that caught - got me and hooked me was all the money is going to go to the kids. All the royalties will go to CJ and Siana(ph). So yes, they do have trusts set up where the royalties from that song go into that trust. . . TEXT: CHIDEYA: What is the thing that you're most proud of, that you've done as a writer and a recording artist?","Mm. Most proud?Wow. I think that I'm proud of the fact that I didn't even really - you know, when I actually got my record deal with Bad Boy, Puff heard me sing one line, and I wasn't there in any capacity of auditioning or anything. I was just the baby's mama in the lounge, and my opportunity came."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker agreed to do the record for the money, not for personal reasons.","questions":"Which project did the speaker agree to do for the money?","answer":"Record"}
{"text":["The idea of this is that she - Julie escapes from Paris and ends up in Marseilles, and she joins the opera there, starts singing. And she becomes famous for the first time. . .","I mean, forgive me, we have to ask - how does a duelist on the run become a star of the Paris Opera?","(Laughter) Well, I don't know. She just auditioned for the Marseilles Opera, but then later on after the adventures that she had in Marseilles and Provence, she made her way to Paris with another lover, Thevenard, who was baritone. And he auditioned for the Paris Opera and he said I will only join you if my girlfriend can come, too. And so at the age of 17, she found herself part of one the world's great musical companies. And she became - both of them became stars.","And then there follows what you call the evening of gasps."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"she becomes famous for the first time\" - The use of \"first time\" in this context is figurative language that suggests Julie has never been famous before, rather than implying she has been famous multiple times before this event.","questions":"Which usage of \"first time\" is implied in turn 0?","answer":"Never"}
{"text":["And as for the question of who you scrutinize, it's fascinating. There's now an enormous case going on in Minneapolis I'll bet you've never heard of of a fella named Tom Petters.","I have not heard of him.","See. He's been convicted of a variety of things that seem to have scammed billions of dollars from hedge funds and many people in the twin cities who trusted him, and much of the Madoff thing is kinship because of what - you know, Madoff is Jewish, and a lot of Jews were in there. But this fellow was some sort of evangelical Christian - or is, I guess, and he got a lot of evangelical Christians.","It's - it is happening - I've been around 40 years, and I've seen it over and over again that people frequently scam their own communities because that's where they're trusted, and people don't do their homework on people they trust."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : that people don\u2019t do their homework means that they don\u2019t research information.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue discusses a case involving Tom Petters?","answer":"Turn0"}
{"text":["Are they willing to let people die over that principle?","Oh, no. No, you don't - but to who - and that's such an interesting - I love that you got right to the college dorm part of the argument, you know - are you going to let people die?No one's going to let people die. You know, there's talk about - oh, my gosh, the Trump budget cuts Meals on Wheels. Meals on Wheels gets 3 percent of its funding, approximately, from government sources. Ninety-seven percent is people want to take care of their neighbors.","I. . .","People are not going to let their neighbors die."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  Oh, no. No, you don't - but to who - and that's such an interesting - I love that you got right to the college dorm part of the argument, you know - are you going to let people die? No one's going to let people die. You know, there's talk about - oh, my gosh, the Trump budget cuts Meals on Wheels. Meals on Wheels gets 3 percent of its funding, approximately, from government sources. Ninety-seven percent is people want to take care of their neighbors.","questions":"What is the percentage of funding Meals on Wheels gets from government sources?","answer":"3"}
{"text":["It was for people who are sort of touched by this. And when you saw what goes into it, you will understand. I mean, it's a week of sanding and scrapping and chiseling. It really - it was kind of an amazing process.","Yeah. And it's a beautiful video you made. It's up there on our website at sciencefriday. com. You can watch how they build the bikes. They talk about the bamboo where they - they're bringing in from Vietnam and choose it, right?","That's right. Their cream of the crop, they say.","You imagine going bamboo shopping?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The best of the crop of bamboo was brought from Vietnam.","questions":"Which country did the bamboo come from?","answer":"Vietnam"}
{"text":["Well. . .",". . . National security officers out there speaking about it?","I could tell you a couple of dozen major news reports that turned out to be false based on the actual report that Robert Mueller issued. So when the president called those stories fake news at the time, you know, folks like you dismissed it, but it turned out he was right.","Now, it does seem like he's dismissing it, and he's being dismissive of it. I'm not sure he completely understands the implications of the impeachment inquiry. I think Nancy Pelosi is the smartest person in Washington right now. And I think she didn't pull the trigger on this without knowing that she had more ammunition in her guns."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They don't think Nancy Pelosi would begin impeachment proceedings if she wasn't sure that what she knew would get the president impeached.","questions":"What is being dismissed by the president according to turn 3?","answer":"Impeachment"}
{"text":["Well, the president fires the attorney general. The new guy fires the special counsel. History repeats itself. No, the president - President Nixon understood the Constitution. He understood how to govern. He knew he was walking a tightrope. So when a lot of different people in Congress, the public, the courts stood up and showed their courage and they were outraged and started to push back, he backed down. He let the investigation continue. And 10 months later, he resigned. This time it looks like a circus where the clowns are walking a tightrope in slow motion and some people are cheering as if it's a joke. But it's not a joke.","Mr.  Doyle, I must say you sounded almost wistful speaking about Richard Nixon.","(Laughter) Well, yeah. You know, I've never compared Richard Nixon to Thomas Jefferson before. Never thought I should. But I told someone yesterday that compared to Donald Trump, Richard Nixon is Thomas Jefferson.","All right. I'll leave that as your opinion."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The current situation with the president and the special counsel is chaotic and lacks the same level of understanding and respect for the Constitution that Nixon had.","questions":"What did President Nixon understand?","answer":"Constitution"}
{"text":["The regulations and the oversight that was put in place was relatively minimal because this was going to be such a small endeavor. It was going to be a small-scale experiment for 100 schools. Well, guess what?We have 1,300 charter schools today. And we have a law that doesn't actually account for the scale of that.","That's LA Times reporter Anna Phillips. She's been investigating loopholes in California's charter school system. What she discovered is a fragmented and decentralized regulating system. In Los Angeles, Phillips encountered a case in which a wealthy Beverly Hills couple made millions of dollars by simply turning to a different school district whenever their charter schools came under scrutiny.","These charter schools had been set up as nonprofits that were publicly funded. But if you looked right kind of on the outskirts of them, the couple that had started them had essentially created a series of businesses or nonprofits that were doing business with their own schools. So for instance, this couple rented a lot of their own properties they owned. They were their own landlords.","They owned buildings that then they rented to the schools, so they were getting that income.","Exactly. And there were other ways they were getting income. The woman who ran these schools, her husband was hired on as a project manager for about $500,000 to oversee the construction of a new campus. When they wanted to bring in cafeteria meals for their students, they hired one of their own organizations. So this was public money that was coming into these schools, but the couple that ran them was financially benefiting from it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"They owned buildings that then they rented to the schools, so they were getting that income\" - The literal meaning of this sentence is that the couple owned buildings that they leased to their charter schools, generating rental income. However, the implied meaning is that they may have been using their positions of authority to steer public funds towards their own personal gain.","questions":"Which type of income did the couple receive by renting their own buildings to the schools they ran?","answer":"public"}
{"text":["So, right then, your life changed. You quit your job. You made plans to leave your family for a year and go to China.","Well, yeah. My weight had gotten so out of control that I wasn't even working at that time, unable to work.","So, when you got there seven months ago, how much did you weigh?","I weighed approximately 646 pounds."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the turn \"out of control\" in (2) is an idiomatic expression that means something is unmanageable or chaotic. Its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning, which would be that the person's weight was physically out of their control.","questions":"Which expression in the dialogue has a different actual meaning from its literal meaning?","answer":"Out-of-control"}
{"text":["Oh, yeah. Everyone - everybody is family, and the tribe itself is very into, like, community dinners and community events and just kind of making sure that everybody is involved with stuff, so it was like one big, huge family.","(Singing) And I wake up. I love you, screaming loudly, screaming softly, too.","Katherine Paul now lives in Portland, Ore. , and she just released her second album as Black Belt Eagle Scout. It's called \"At The Party With My Brown Friends,\" and she told me that a lot of the music on the album has its origins in the music she heard on the reservation.","I guess I was just always surrounded by it. My family had a drum group called The Skagit Valley Singers, and we would host powwows. And I think for me, music is just a way of life. It's how we express ourselves. It's how we express our spirituality and how we live our culture."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Everyone in the tribe is very close-knit and treats each other like family.","questions":"Which group does PersonA's family have called The Skagit Valley Singers?","answer":"Drum"}
{"text":["I have to ask, Margaret - because you are also on the board of the White House Correspondents' Association - a moment this week when Sarah Sanders, the press secretary, declined to answer a follow-up question from NBC's Hallie Jackson, called on Jordan Fabian, a reporter from The Hill. He said, go ahead, Hallie. Has it reached a point where White House reporters should stand together and refuse to go along with the way the White House conducts briefings?","I have long encouraged both on the board - I just finished my term this week - and just individually as a reporter have long encouraged reporters to take care of each other in the briefing room. I think we did this at times during the Obama administration when there were reporters whose desire for questions was getting skipped over. And it's an option we have now. We can all be good neighbors to each other, and we can all help each other to be allies in our shared mission, which is to help provide information to the American public on burning questions of the day.","Margaret Talev, who covers the White House for Bloomberg, thanks very much. I hope you get some time to rest up this weekend.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : White House conducts briefings in an inappropriate way.","questions":"How did Jordan Fabian respond to Hallie Jackson's follow-up question?","answer":"Go"}
{"text":["Now to address this, there are a number of policy proposals on the table. They're called push and pull incentives, which can entice these companies to stay in the antibiotic business. A push incentive might be something where you go to a company that's making billions of dollars and say we'll cut your corporate tax rate if you promise to invest some of those profits into new antibiotics. This is a sure-fire way to get more money into the pipeline. However, many people recoil at the idea of giving a tax break to a multi-billion dollar company.","We started our conversation talking about the patient you referred to as Jackson - a gunshot wound, you had some difficult choices to make with him in terms of treatment. How did it work out for him?","Well, without giving away too much, he does - his story does have a happy ending. But it does not involve antibiotics. And I think that his case is emblematic of the fact that we're increasingly shifting away from the typical model of using antibiotics to treat infections. And there is an array of new treatment options that are coming out - things like bacteriophages and CRISPR-based gene-editing techniques, where we can use a molecular scalpel to modify a strand of nucleic acids to create a new treatment that will cure patients.","But what I want readers to appreciate is how difficult it will be to bring those discoveries into your local hospital based on the current financial model. In many cases, it simply will never happen because the challenges of getting a drug approved by the FDA are so formidable that companies just don't want to go there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Offering tax breaks to billion-dollar companies can entice them to invest in new antibiotics.","questions":"What is the proposed push incentive for companies to invest in new antibiotics?","answer":"Tax"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Pope Francis issued what's called an apostolic exhortation this week called The Joy of Gospel. And in his exhortation, he upheld church teachings while signaling a new openness to conversation about change. Maybe most notably the pope criticized the way much of the world, including the United States, does business. He warned against what he called an economy of exclusion, arguing that the very structural causes of poverty must be addressed. We turn now to Father James Martin, a noted Jesuit and culture editor of the Jesuit magazine America. He joins us from Philadelphia today. Father Jim, thanks for being with us.","THE REV. JAMES MARTIN: My pleasure.","What's the pope exhorting his church to do?","Well, I would say in this document he's asking us to do three things. Number one, remember the importance of joy. When we preach the Gospel, he inveighs against sourpusses - that's the English translation."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"he upheld church teachings while signaling a new openness to conversation about change\" - figurative language, implying that the Pope is willing to consider new ideas and perspectives, even if they challenge traditional church teachings.","questions":"How did the Pope criticize the way much of the world, including the United States, does business?","answer":"Business"}
{"text":["Yeah. They say that he's the fastest pitcher there ever was. It's just he really couldn't find home plate. I mean, some of the stories you learn about this guy, it reads like fiction. When he was - I think this is around 1960. He's pitching in the minor leagues, and he pitched so fast he ripped the man's ear off.","Oh.","Yeah.","And Steve Dalkowski didn't make it to the Hall of Fame because. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is a simple expression of agreement, while the implied meaning is that the speaker is amazed by the story of Steve Dalkowski's feats.","questions":"How was the PersonA's reaction to Steve Dalkowski's story?","answer":"Amazed"}
{"text":["If there's one politician that you could interview, which one would it be?","I probably would have to say that if there's one person I'd want to interview, it'd probably be President Trump. I think right now would be - to interview most. But, I mean, there's obviously - it's a huge field right now. And I'm definitely hoping that there'll be more than one of the 2020 candidates I'll be able to spend some time with in the next few months.","Gabe Fleisher, writer of the political newsletter Wake Up To Politics and current high school junior. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's not a field, but a large number of people the person would want to interview.","questions":"What is the person's reason for wanting to interview President Trump?","answer":"Most"}
{"text":["Well, we had some great conversations about what it took to play the position. And you know, Bob Watson, who started out as a catcher, was one of the committee members. Phil Niekro, Bert Blyleven and Don Sutton, Pat Gillick, all pitchers, all Hall Famers, were really able to add a lot of insight to what it must have been like.","And the other - one of the main things we talked about was just how they played much shorter schedules in the 1870s. So when you look at career statistics, that's a huge distortion. Deacon White ended up with 2,000 career hits, but he was playing in a - in an average of 40, 50, 60-game schedules a year. So there was no way to generate the kind of career milestones that we look at as benchmarks today. You know, 3,000 hits would be all but impossible. And 2,000 was a terrific accomplishment.","And the number of errors he recorded even as a great defensive catcher would have been, you know, totally unacceptable by today's standards.","Oh, exactly. Yeah. And again, an issue where we had to really sort of look at what - compare him to people from his own era. And when we did that, you know, it became really obvious just how much he stood above his contemporaries.","Are the records from those days good enough that you have reliable accounts of who was good and who was great?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Comparing a player's skill to their peers is important when assessing their historical impact.","questions":"How did they assess the player's historical impact?","answer":"Comparing"}
{"text":["You know, we don't do a lot of cookbooks on this show. Hugh Acheson's latest cookbook fits right in. It doesn't show much cooking. The chef is shown reading in a lawn chair, taking a hot bath, even playing the cello - at least holding the bow over one.","It's a book about what you can cook - if that's quite the word - while you do something else, even for hours. \"The Chef And The Slow Cooker\" is by Hugh Acheson, the acclaimed Canadian Southern chef who owns big-name restaurants in Georgia and is a judge on \"Top Chef. \"He joins us from WABE in Atlanta.","Chef, thanks so much for being with us.","It's great to be here, Scott."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's a book about what you can cook - if that's quite the word - while you do something else, even for hours. Implicated meaning: The book suggests cooking in a way that doesn't require constant attention or active involvement. It provides recipes or techniques for cooking dishes that can be prepared while engaging in other activities, even for extended periods of time.","questions":"What is the book about?","answer":"Cooking"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me with you.","So, let's start with what exactly they are.","Okay. Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors. They're growth of muscle within the uterine wall. And sometimes they can be the size of a dime, and because of their location, they give you severe symptoms. And rarely, they can get to be the size of a basketball before they're recognized.","That's sounds pretty horrific.","It can be. It's amazing how much difficulty they can give to women that, in general, women can have severe menstrual bleeding - the kind of bleeding that keeps you home from work or keeps you from being able to do your daily activities - or they can press on a lot body structures. And they are very common, and it's surprising that so few women know that they have fibroids and that their symptoms may be related to them.","Now, research shows that about 25 percent of women in America are going to show some symptoms of fibroids, but they occur a lot more often in black women than white women. How much more often and why do scientists think that is?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors. They're growth of muscle within the uterine wall. And sometimes they can be the size of a dime, and because of their location, they give you severe symptoms. And rarely, they can get to be the size of a basketball before they're recognized. Implicated meaning: Providing information about fibroids, their size, and symptoms.","questions":"Which body structures can fibroids press on?","answer":"Symptoms"}
{"text":["Well, what keeps you up at night?What do you worry about?","Well, I'm worried that this process is getting chaotic. Two and a half years ago, Great Britain had a referendum, decided to leave the European Union. But it did not decide what kind of future relationship it wanted with the 27 member states.","And because this was all about free trade, you have to know that half of the trade of Great Britain is with the other 27 EU member states, and the other half is with other countries in the world, foremost among them, the U. S.  and China. We're one year and four months into the negotiation process. And here, finally, is the proposal of Great Britain - what future relations should be. That's a bit late in the process. This particular proposal should have been there on day one.","Now, at the moment, there are 3 million EU citizens living in Great Britain, and about 1. 2 million British live in EU countries. Their rights are undefined, so it's not clear what they can do. And as you get closer to the deadline, these people are really worried. And by the way, there are industries in which there are quite a few foreigners, so if you take them out all at once, you may also have a problem keeping it going.","In the Netherlands, we know we have 30,000 businesses, mostly small and medium enterprises, that export only to EU countries, Great Britain included. That means that they've never seen a Customs and Excise control officer. They will have to get used to go through Customs and Excise."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : EU citizens living in Great Britain and British citizens living in the EU have undefined rights","questions":"Which citizens' rights are undefined?","answer":"EU"}
{"text":["What's your greatest regret?","Well, the greatest regret is that we lost the referendum - that I didn't prevail, that we could have fought, perhaps, a better campaign. We could have conducted, perhaps, a better negotiation. Perhaps the timing wasn't right - and that I didn't take the country with me on what I thought was a really important issue. And I resigned because I felt - I didn't fight the referendum as a sort of chairman - on the one hand, on the other hand, you decide. I was wholly on one side of the argument. And so I felt it was right to resign, having lost, because the country needed a new prime minister, a prime minister with a credibility to take us forward and deliver the outcome of the referendum.","But, of course, you know, I will to my dying day wonder whether there was something more we could have done to have secured what I thought was the right outcome, which was to keep Britain in, but to recognize we were, in many ways, the odd one out.","OK."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They will wonder about this at various times for the rest of their life.","questions":"What will PersonA do throughout their life?","answer":"wonder"}
{"text":["It's called a poor choice. On one innocent New Year's Eve in the early 1980s, I went to a party with all my friends. And justification, rationalization - everybody's doing it. I'm the only kid who's - just has a couple beers and is not doing coke. So you know what?I try it. And you know what happened?I'm not like everybody else. I liked it too damn much. And what it did was take away the split-second timing of being able to hit a major league fastball and to do the geometry that you need to do to run down ground balls and throw accurately. It just took a split second off me. And I had a 10-year career. But I would have been, in my opinion, an all-star-type player a couple years. And the morals - incredibly, the morals and values that my dad instilled in me made me a good cocaine user, so to speak.","I don't understand that at all. The morals your father instilled in you made you a good cocaine user.","Here's how. Here's how. I was never late for a game, never would think about playing a game on coke. I was raised too well to do that. I convinced myself that I was OK.","Painful as it is but also, I think, instructive to those of us who loved your father - could you tell us about the time when he called you up and said, get over here?And it was - your father and your brothers wanted to talk to you about all this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : playing a game on coke, not using the coke as a surface, but being high on drugs","questions":"Which drug did the speaker use that affected their split-second timing?","answer":"cocaine"}
{"text":["What were some of the challenging parts of school?What did you find the hardest?","Reading, studying my lessons. You know, because I had to read more, you know, and because, you know, as you get older, your short-term memory sort of fails you once in a while. So to make sure that you got the material where you could reproduce it, you had to study a little harder and do a little more research.","So tell me what graduation day was like?","Oh, the best day of my life, I guess. Life doesn't get any better. Life doesn't get any better. With my family there, all my friends cheering me on, I felt like I was 16 years old. What a day. What a day. I was happy. Everybody was pleased. They gave me a good ovation. I really enjoyed it. I really did. I cannot explain to you in words my feelings."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the speaker says \"Life doesn't get any better\" to express how happy they were on their graduation day. This is a figurative expression that means they were extremely happy and couldn't imagine a better moment in their life. The literal meaning of the expression is not true, as life can certainly get better or worse depending on circumstances.","questions":"Which expression did the speaker use to describe their level of happiness during their graduation?","answer":"Happiness"}
{"text":["Another effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act gained steam last night. A federal judge in Texas ruled that the law is unconstitutional. We're joined now by NPR's health policy correspondent, Alison Kodjak. Alison, thanks so much for coming in.","Thanks for having me, Scott.","This decision was received last night. What's it say?","Well, it's a pretty sweeping decision, actually. This judge ruled that the entire Affordable Care Act, which famously ran more than a thousand pages long, was unconstitutional. The case was brought by 18 Republican attorneys general, and it was led by Texas AG Ken Paxton."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Affordable Care Act is being challenged by Republicans.","questions":"What gained steam last night?","answer":"effort"}
{"text":["What do you see unfolding as a result of this election, whether or not Senator Obama wins or Senator McCain wins?Do you think it's going to advance how people think about race and how people deal with it in their own lives?","I think it's very much an open question. I think the risk is of course that if Obama wins, a lot of white folks will want to declare that racism is obviously dead. And that I think would be ridiculously premature. The evidence of institutional and systemic discrimination against millions of people of color is still very obvious in spite of the success of this one man of color. Just as we know that Benazir Bhutto becoming prime minister of Pakistan, not one but twice, didn't mean sexism wasn't a problem in Pakistan. Same thing here, with racism and Obama, we in the culture have got to understand if we want his success up to now to mean anything beyond him, if we want it to mean something in terms of turning the corner and addressing the issues of racism and white privilege and inequality in this country, that's going to be up to us. That's going to require us to get out there and challenge systemic and institutional discrimination in housing, in the job market, in the criminal justice system. And not put all of our eggs in the basket of electoral politics.","Well Tim, great to talk to you. Thanks.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The success of one man of color does not mean the end of systemic discrimination against people of color, and addressing issues of racism and white privilege requires active effort beyond electoral politics.","questions":"Which issues does addressing racism and white privilege require efforts beyond?","answer":"Electoral"}
{"text":["I really didn't feel safe because the Turkish government is very famous for hunting down those who oppose Erdogan. So, I mean, I just didn't want to really risk my life by going to Europe. But, you know, I talked to my team. I told them all, like, how many times I want to come because I want to be with you guys there, and I want to get a win with you guys. And then, later on, they came back with the news and said, you know what?I think the best decision is if you don't come. Let's just not risk it for one game.","Do you feel safe in New York and elsewhere in the U. S. ?","I have been getting last two, three days hundreds death threats, but I think I feel safe in America. But anywhere else in the world, I wouldn't really feel safe.","Did you say you've gotten hundreds of death threats?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He is implying that he is still not safe.","questions":"Which turn implies that the team advised him not to come?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["Well, I only recently arrived, so I haven't seen the whole city by any means. But when I got here, I went straight to a demonstration on the city's east side. This was one of those demonstrations that have been called by Juan Guaido for what he billed as the biggest-ever demonstration in the history of Venezuela.","There were a lot of people there - thousands, possibly in the tens of thousands. But I have seen much larger crowds turn out for Guaido before. And so this was a smaller turnout. And I think the most noticeable thing about it is that the mood has quite substantially changed. Whilst these demonstrations for the opposition leader, Guaido, were before quite very lively - there'd be a lot of chanting, a lot of singing - now there's a mood of wariness. I thought it was more subdued.","And not far away from where I was, there were violent clashes underway between the security forces and a small group of anti-government protesters in which, you know, they were exchanging. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the phrase \"they were exchanging\" is likely an understatement for the violent and potentially deadly exchanges happening between the security forces and protesters. ","questions":"Which phrase is likely an understatement for the clashes between security forces and protesters?","answer":"Exchanges"}
{"text":["And I gather these are specialists, not just regular line firefighters.","Yeah, that's correct. We send - they usually run out of incident management team people, so the teams of planning officers and operation officers and incident managers who actually organize and manage the battle against the fire but also aviation specialists and fire-behavior-type specialists. So they are the type of people that they need and run out of when they've got, you know, the fire activity that they see this summer.","Are the Australian, American and Canadian approaches to firefighting sufficiently similar that you can swap personnel like that?","Well, they certainly are. And we've been swapping personnel particularly with United States since the year 2000. So we've done quite a few deployments from Australia to the U. S.  and Canada. And we've also had Canadian and U. S.  folks come across to Southern Australia and help us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: The specialist personnel needed to battle the fires are in high demand and these personnel include aviation specialists and fire-behavior-type specialists. ","questions":"What types of specialists are needed to battle the fires?","answer":"Aviation"}
{"text":["And then we have a Congress who just passed a bill knowing full well that this was the most likely outcome, and they chose not to even try to stop it. But now that the bill has passed, the shutdown has been prevented, the government has been funded, the president can come out and say he's going to do this now. And you have people saying that we're shredding the Constitution, that this is the end of the world, that we need to act, that we need to stop something.","Well, the time to act was before you pass a bill to give the president money to fund the government. The time to act - if you want to force a vote on this, if you want to force Republicans in the Senate to go on record if you're a House Democrat, for instance, then you put language in the bill saying the president can't use national emergency powers to build a wall.","You mean senators - well, we could list their names - Susan Collins.","Right. I mean, don't vote for a bill that is going to make something that you think is really damaging to our country, to the Republic, more likely to occur. Just don't do it, No. 1. No. 2, actually go out and try to put things in the bill to prevent the thing that you think is so damaging to our republic from happening."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Congress passed a bill despite the likely negative consequences.","questions":"What was the reason for the Congress passing the bill?","answer":"Shutdown"}
{"text":["Some people are afraid that the extradition law will basically legalize kidnapping by the Chinese state. And that has already happened with several booksellers in Hong Kong being whisked away and mysteriously reappearing in Chinese detention. And so if this law is to pass, people fear that that will no longer be a news item or will just be a regular thing.","And to that question of how this bill is being rammed through, you know, what about that?Is there something about the way this bill is being, you know, processed, is extraordinary?","There are widespread complaints that there was no real public consultation about this. The legal sector, thousands of lawyers came out in force just this past week, and they marched in black in silence. And these are the people who would understand the law the best. And yet, the government has told them repeatedly that no, you lawyers don't understand the bill at all. And so that just shows that the government isn't really listening to the people, and people are feeling that. And that's why they took to the streets.","And, you know, authorities in Hong Kong did release a statement in response to the protests. What did it say?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The extradition law may result in Chinese state kidnapping.","questions":"How might people in Hong Kong feel about the extradition law?","answer":"Afraid"}
{"text":["Well, I believe it ran in Automotive News. I'm not sure where else it ran. And I think what the company is trying to do is adopt a tone of, you know, humility and modesty and say, look, we know we've messed up in the past and that sort of thing. It's always a risky kind of thing to do. On the other hand, you know, they might get points from the public or from the politicians for honesty.","I mean, there's two issues here. One is how they're asking for what they're seeking. So I think some sort of attitude of humility here I think is appropriate. But the other issue, and probably the more important issue, is just what they're asking for. So I think, frankly, to ask for an open-ended blank check under some sort of a nebulous oversight board, even if they're asking in a humble tone, it doesn't really get the job done.","The danger here is that this is going to become a never-ending, you know, government-subsidized machine, if you will. The other danger is that conditions will be imposed will be sort of phony symbolic gestures, such as limits on executive pay, which in and of themselves are not going to do anything to revive Detroit.","Paul Ingrassia writes about the automotive industry for the Wall Street Journal. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : government-subsidized machine implies a reason or mean through which actions take place ","questions":"Which term describes the potential outcome of a government oversight board providing an open-ended blank check to Detroit?","answer":"Never-ending"}
{"text":["It had some effect.","Well, thanks very much for being with us, Serena and Olivier Blanchard. Serena Blanchard's hieroglyphics appears in all editions of the classic \"Lectures on Macroeconomics,\" by Stanley Fischer and Olivier Blanchard. Pick up your copy. . .",". . . at your local airport bookstore.","Thank you both very much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Well, thanks very much for being with us, Serena and Olivier Blanchard. Serena Blanchard's hieroglyphics appears in all editions of the classic \"Lectures on Macroeconomics,\" by Stanley Fischer and Olivier Blanchard. Pick up your copy... Implicated meaning: The speaker indirectly suggests that Serena Blanchard's contribution or writing in \"Lectures on Macroeconomics\" is difficult to understand or decipher, comparing it to hieroglyphics.","questions":"What appears in all editions of \"Lectures on Macroeconomics\"?","answer":"hieroglyphics"}
{"text":["I don't know. I mean, you know, what two-state solution are we talking about?You know, with all these Israeli settlements, with the annexation, with the actions that Israel has taken on a daily basis in Jerusalem, I don't know if the two-state solution is still viable, to be honest with you.","What does this part of the West Bank mean to Palestinians?Can you just paint a portrait of this area for us?","Well, the Jordan Valley has many, many significant aspects. First, it's religious - the Mount of Temptation in my hometown of Jericho where Jesus fasted for 40 days against the temptation of the devil. And the Jordan Valley is the breadbasket of the West Bank and of what would be a future Palestinian state. It's also strategic. It's on the border with Jordan, and it's the only outlet for the Palestinians to the outside world other than Israeli airport and ports.","Right. You mentioned its strategic value. I mean, Israel has been saying all along that, eventually, they would get this strip as part of any peace deal anyway because they need a strategic buffer between Israel and the rest of the Middle East so, say, like, weapons can be passed through. Shouldn't Israel be concerned about securing a buffer?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : paint a portrait means that they are asking for an explanation of the area in this context.","questions":"How does PersonB ask PersonA to explain the area in this context?","answer":"explain"}
{"text":["I don't think I can get away with that.","Usually, that's the NPR pipeline, isn't it?","Right, exactly. Yeah. You've played a couple games now. How'd they go?","They went well. We played the best team in Poland, actually, in our first game and lost pretty badly. But I played OK. In the second game, we won, which was great. This team was just promoted - the team that I play on - to the first division."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Asking how the other person is doing with their team in terms of wins and losses.","questions":"How did the team perform in the first game?","answer":"Lost"}
{"text":["Yeah, it's light and it's very dark at the same time, yeah.","Well, that's what you go for or what?","Yeah, you got to have a little bit of - a little bit of an edge, I think.","You have a woman in a classical gown looking out over the sea coast in the moonlight holding a lantern. The caption - night after night she watches the sea, longing for her husband's departure (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"night after night she watches the sea, longing for her husband's departure (laughter).\" - The caption is meant to be humorous, as it contradicts the expected sentiment of missing one's husband who has departed. The laughter indicates that the speaker finds it funny that the woman is actually longing for her husband's departure rather than his return.","questions":"How is the caption meant to be received?","answer":"Humorous"}
{"text":["At the center of this terrific story is a prisoner - prisoner Z he's called - and his guard. Tell us about their relationship.","Yeah. I'm just very interested, you know, fascinated, heartbroken, obsessed with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and our need to find peace on that front. But, yeah, I get very interested in the weave between both sides that everyone's always like victim and avenger at the same time.","And I thought - to me, in terms of a real and metaphoric idea of it, I thought of this guard and his prisoner and the idea of both of them sort of being trapped together. There is, of course, a guard who is in a better position than a prisoner. But in the end, as the years pass, you know, it sort of becomes vague of who has freedom at all.","I will explain. The guard is Israeli. And prisoner Z is in prison because he is accused of betraying the Israeli state."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that it is difficult to distinguish between the guard and the prisoner who are trapped together.","questions":"How would you describe the relationship between the guard and prisoner?","answer":"Trapped"}
{"text":["Assuming we know some it.","And that's it. And, you know, we know some of it a little at this stage. These are very early studies that are just almost like proof of principle, that clearly we're seeing the same trends across different mucosal surfaces in body. So perhaps there could be a unifying theory in this idea of restoring appropriate colonization patterns to those sites.","Well, let me ask you a wild question that just struck me. If you overly - if you're a mouthwash user and it kills everything in your mouth or any bacteria, 99 percent of the germs, it says, are you doing yourself a disservice?","I - we - nobody has looked at that. And it's - again, anything that perturbes these communities, you know, there's the potential for pathogenic organisms to outgrow in that kind of depleted diversity community. So it would be wonderful study. We don't study oral micro biota, but it would be wonderful study."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"anything that perturbes these communities, you know, there's the potential for pathogenic organisms to outgrow in that kind of depleted diversity community.\"  This turn uses the scientific term \"perturbes\" to mean \"disrupts\" or \"disturbs\" the communities, rather than a more general or literal meaning of the word. Additionally, \"depleted diversity community\" is a specific scientific term that refers to a community with a reduced diversity of species, rather than a literal description of a community.","questions":"How does the term \"perturbes\" relate to the potential outgrowth of pathogenic organisms?","answer":"Disrupts"}
{"text":["And no birthdays, no Christmas, no nothing. And at age 15, I couldn't take it anymore, so I moved in with my real father, but I didn't know he was a pimp. And the transition from living in essentially a middle-class, suburban area, because he sold BMWs and Porsche automobiles, he did very well. Moving from that middle-class area and the. . .","And the picket fences, all the way to the other end of East 14th, where it was like. . .","Cars sliding by, was a huge transition. Going from one spectrum to another. And I was essentially a nerd coming out of knocking on doors and moving into where my brothers and everybody was like, David, we're about to have another party. And like, oh, really?How do I fit in here, you know?","Right, right."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A felt out of place in his new environment and struggled to fit in.","questions":"How did David feel after moving to his new environment?","answer":"Out-of-place"}
{"text":["First of all, Ford says it doesn't need the money right now. It needs a line of credit in case. And they believe that they can make it, that they can make it through these hard times. So, there is one big difference. They don't have to go to the extremes that, say, GM does, who say they need money right now.","Jean, I'd like to go back to GM for a moment, and I know you mentioned Larry Burns is a friend. If you were to point out one thing that you think that they're not doing that they should be doing at General Motors, what would that be?","You know, they have been just slow, very slow. They have brought out many, many vehicles in the past - and he is absolutely correct when he says, you know, nine of the last 10 vehicles that have come out have been great vehicles. Two of the next 24 will be what Congress is asking them to do.","So, they're addressing the issues. They have the Chevy Cruise. They have the Malibu, which was an Automobile Magazine All-Star last year, its first year out. We called it better than a Camry. They have a Malibu hybrid. They have the Cadillac line, CTS, CTSV. They have Volt. They have very good vehicles coming out. They have been perhaps slow to ax the ones that are not so good.","Jean Jennings is the editor of Automobile magazine. Thanks, Jean."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Ford doesn't need the money right now, but GM does","questions":"What is the main difference between Ford and GM?","answer":"Need"}
{"text":["They have indeed. They've been subject to very serious, tough sanctions in the past not just from the United States but from the entire international community. That's involved restrictions on their energy sector, their banking sector and an array of other economic sectors.","How have they gotten around them?","Well, in some instances, they haven't been able to. So during the period of most intensive, multilateral sanctions on Iran - this is 2012 to 2015 - they had great difficulty evading sanctions. It happened here and there, certainly when it came to sales of oil, certain cargoes or bartering - financial bartering - some smuggling activities. But the fear now is that, in an instance where there's unilateral sanctions on Iran, it may have ample opportunity to cheat and evade these sanctions.","Unilateral meaning, of course, just the United States. So it'll be tougher for the sanctions to have any effect if, for example, China or Russia and, let's say, Germany don't go along.","Right, exactly. So right now the European Union, in general, and the E3, in particular, have - that being the United Kingdom, France and Germany - have expressed an interest in maintaining their commitment to the deal. And that means continuing to give Iran economic relief promised to it under the deal. That means potentially violating U. S.  sanctions or creating ways for European companies to not abide by U. S.  sanctions.","And how does the U. S.  respond, at least under this administration?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies that Iran has found ways to evade or circumvent the sanctions, despite their severity.","questions":"Which country has faced multilateral sanctions in the past?","answer":"Iran"}
{"text":["I never approached any of the essayists with ideas in mind in terms of what I wanted them to write about. I wanted them to speak to their own truth to whatever they felt was the most poignant experience for them. And that was it for Nada, and Nada wrote so honestly about what she'd experienced. And it was all tied as well into her own career. It wasn't just about losing Anthony. It was about how all of those different threads came together in her life - the Arab Spring.","And that takes me back to the idea of hopelessness because that's Nada's story. She felt that way, and she was speaking to her own truth. And some of the women have similar feelings about the region, where it's almost like, well, this is just - the losses are too steep.","We mentioned resiliency. Are there other themes that connect these essays?","I think identity is a big one. All of them definitely feel very strongly about where they come from. I tend to say there's this idea of a homeland - and it's quite poetic in the Arab world - where, I'm from here. I want to be telling the story. This is the truth of what's happening in my homeland."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The essayists were free to write about what was most poignant to them without any predetermined ideas (1)","questions":"Which word describes the approach of PersonA towards the essayists?","answer":"Free"}
{"text":["Shawn Zahir. I want to share one quick story. I have many stories. The surgeon said to me - and this was one we still didn't know his name - he said, listen, you're very lucky and your daughter's very lucky because she got the liver of a good man. I've done this surgery many times. Most people when they wake up they say, when can I get back to work?When can I play sports?The first question that he asked was, when can I donate blood again?","Yeah. Nusayba was all set up for an initial transplant, but these things are unpredictable - didn't work out.","Gut punch at the last second. The donor, who was an acquaintance of mine, who had never met Nusayba - and I can finally reveal her name because the text just came through, Scott, that she gave me permission - Megan Black was willing to donate a piece of her liver. Her entire family was on board. And at the last second, the lead doctor, Dr.  Fishbein, who's been doing this for 30 years, saw a complication, called it off. Megan was crying. Her family was crying. She apologized. But if it wasn't for Megan stepping up and for this bad news, we wouldn't have done the call out. And we wouldn't have gotten Shawn. So we also owe Megan a huge gratitude. Thank you, Megan.","Boy. Nusaybe, you've been able to - she's been able to talk to you and Sarah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She got the liver of a man that cares about others more than himself.","questions":"Which organ did Nusayba receive?","answer":"Liver"}
{"text":["You got a sinus infection but you taking a yeast infection medicine figuring if you lay down, it'll work its way up.","Do you believe in Mars and Venus, the whole idea that men and women are totally different?","I really do. And if I can get women to understand that every man that sleeps with you is not going to love you, then half of us will be all right.","What about the other half?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The reference to \"half\" isn't literal. it just means many women will be all right.","questions":"How many women will be all right?","answer":"Many"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","And I said - I said, yeah, buddy, I'm everywhere.","He was a longtime customer of mine who hadn't realized that I had left the shop.","Well, what was the path from you looking into the hoods of cars to under the - into the insides of people?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He jokes to the person that he can be seen and found everywhere all the time.","questions":"How did PersonA describe himself to the person?","answer":"Everywhere"}
{"text":["Tell me how you grew up.","Well, my grandparents raised me. When their - they had - they've been foster parents for as long as I can remember. And I was actually the first child other than their own that they actually took care of, and they raised me since I was six months old.","Although my mom lived there as well, she was always - you know, raised me as well, but I lived in their house. I always kept myself around something musical, whether it was being in a play where I played the drunk daughter, or sneaking out to the studio to make a, you know, a demo that never became anything. But you know, it was all a part of what I felt I needed to do beyond, you know, those - that house and beyond church. You know, I was always looking for something to do outside of that - of those four walls.","In this book, you talk about some really rough times you went through. Being held out a window by an abusive boyfriend who threatened to drop you to your death, being beat up, being manipulated. Why do you feel that it was important to put all that in the book?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The author included difficult experiences in the book for a reason.","questions":"What did the author include in the book?","answer":"Difficult-experiences"}
{"text":["The fear is magnified by a third factor, which is uncertainty, and the uncertainty level is enormous right now. We're really at the brink. People don't know - are we entering an inflationary environment or a deflationary environment?We really don't know what's going to happen. And the potential outcomes are so different and so huge in their consequences that there's just an enormous amount of uncertainty, and that magnifies the fear. People say, I don't want to play this game if I don't have any idea where it's going to head.","Haven't there been studies that show that people are more motivated by fear than by the lure of profit or the lure of gain?","Exactly. People are twice as afraid of taking a loss or afraid of the pain of taking a loss as they are of the feel of pleasure of taking a gain. So what you have in the markets is the effect where as stocks drop and people become more and more into negative territory, they're both afraid of taking the pain of a loss but at some point, as they're riding down, they're losing stocks, they capitulate. They finally throw in the towel and say, that's it. This is too much pain. I can't take it anymore. It's one explanation for why bull markets tend to be long and trending while bear markets like this are rapid and short.","So how do we get out of this?How do we get out of this negative feedback loop?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The fear is intensified by the enormous amount of uncertainty.","questions":"Which factor magnifies fear according to A?","answer":"Uncertainty"}
{"text":["What Bonnie Raitt song, may I ask?","O'NEILL: \"I Can't Make You Love Me. \"","(Singing) Here in the dark, in these final hours, I will lay down my heart and I'll feel the power. . .","Kate O'Neill, who wrote about her sister, Maddie Linsenmeir in the Vermont Weekly Seven Days, thank you so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is mentioning a song that reflects their current emotions.","questions":"Which song?","answer":"Love"}
{"text":["And the other one is silencers or suppressors - a push to deregulate those devices. And that hasn't gone through. So the big ticket items that the NRA wants the NRA doesn't get. You mentioned at the top there this idea of strengthening background checks. I think it's important to be specific about what's under discussion there. There is bipartisan legislation. And what it would do would provide grants to the states to make sure that all of the records that show that a person is prohibited from owning a gun get into the databases that are scanned during a background check.","Mr.  Burnett, there's renewed interest on the sale of assault weapons. A ban went into effect in 1994. It expired 10 years later. Based on your reporting, what effect did that ban have?","There is some evidence - and we talk about assault - bans on assault-style weapons. What a lot of public safety experts say is the most meaningful piece of that is a restriction on how large the magazine - the ammunition magazine - that's basically how many rounds the gun can hold at one time, can be fired at one time before you have to reload.","Is there, in your mind, compelling evidence that the ban on assault weapons actually succeeded in banning assault weapons or reduced the supply or use of assault weapons and criminal activity?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"assault-style weapons\" - this is a term used to describe certain types of firearms that have specific features but it does not necessarily mean that the weapon is used for assault purposes.","questions":"Which term is used to describe certain types of firearms that have specific features but does not necessarily mean that the weapon is used for assault purposes?","answer":"Assault-style"}
{"text":["I wouldn't say a list of specific charges but some general charges. So the one that is the most specific is the claim that in 1996 she went on a spy mission to China to Guangxi province and, you know, spied for the FBI. And, I mean, there's a number of issues with that. I mean, one of them is that I have all kinds of evidence that Sandy did not go to China in 1996. I have the evidence of her passport. I have the evidence of her paystubs.","I mean, she was a full-time employee of the Houston Police Department as a secretary, a clerk typist, when she allegedly was doing the spy work. The paystubs show that she'd taken 11 hours off during the time in question. I've also got a newspaper article that she appeared in. So, I mean, we have a fair amount of evidence that shows that she was not in China in 1996.","Why would the Chinese government be interested in putting your wife in prison if there wasn't something that made them suspicious?","So this is not the police that investigate regular crimes. This is the, you know, China Ministry of State Security. This is a bunch of spies. They don't trust anybody. And in point of fact, I mean, they look at people involved in nonprofit work like my wife with a great deal of suspicion. And the fact of the matter is the state security has sent a number of people to the U. S.  to spy, and the FBI has been catching these people. And I am sure that the Ministry of State Security is just not very happy about that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : asking why the Chinese government is interested in putting your wife in prison. The actual meaning of the turn is to ask why the Chinese government is suspicious of your wife's activities.","questions":"What was the job position of Sandy in Houston Police Department?","answer":"Secretary"}
{"text":["Am I wrong to see in this novel a theme that the relics we worship are often no more than making a choice among frauds?","You know, Frederick - he had 19,000 of these things.","Yeah.","You know, everything. Frederick was called Frederick the Wise. This was a very learned man. And you think, well, wait, you know, how could he have really thought this was, you know, the - a strand of Jesus's hair or a piece of straw?And the answer is, I suspect he didn't in his heart of hearts, but his - the overriding theology, if you will, was I think he thought that if relics make people more pious, where's the harm?I'm attracted to that notion. If it - if belief in a, you know, a bone leads you to praying to be a better person - how quickly I descend into truism - where's the harm?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Frederick the Wise was so learned and yet he still believed in the power of relics, suggesting that people can be misguided even when they are very knowledgeable.","questions":"How was Frederick the Wise's belief in relics despite his learning?","answer":"Misguided"}
{"text":["Earmarks and pork-barrel spending are as American as a bridge to nowhere. They're little, and sometimes not so little, holiday packages designed to win the votes of senators and representatives for national legislation with government money that's earmarked to directly benefit their states or districts. Many Democrats have groused about the latest examples that have been added, often in hand-written scrawls, into the new tax bill. Norman Ornstein is a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute and joins us now. Norm, thanks for being with us.","A pleasure, Scott.","What are some of the earmarks you've noticed in this tax bill?","Well, we have, of course, the most famous one, which is now being called with hashtags all over Twitter, the Corker kickback, named for Senator Bob Corker of Tennessee who had famously said quite early on I will not vote for any tax bill that adds a dime to the deficit and then turned around at the last minute and voted for this one with a provision added very, very late in the game to provide additional benefits to a particular set of real estate LLC's, as they're called, a particular kind of corporation. And Corker has significant investments in them, as does Donald J.  Trump and other members of the Trump family - something that would specifically give them millions in additional tax benefits."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Asking what financial benefits are being provided to certain individuals through the tax bill.","questions":"How is the Corker kickback benefiting certain individuals?","answer":"Real"}
{"text":["Why the need for this guide?","We know that people are going to be asking themselves is the gift that I'm giving or asking for going to be secure and private?And as you said, most holiday shopping guides are focused on price and performance, and this guide is focused on privacy and security.","It's not just smart speakers, is it?It's a lot of devices that we've quite willingly and comfortably made part of our everyday lives.","That's absolutely right. And we're particularly looking at the area of connected-to gifts because more and more consumer products are connected to the Internet. So one interesting space that we've looked at is this new emerging toy category of drones. I have an 11-year-old who's pretty excited about drones, and it turns out that many of them connect to insecure wireless and therefore can be taken over, both the information they collect but also the device itself. So we think that consumers would want to know information like that when they're considering a drone gift."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Connected toys such as drones may pose a security risk to children and adults","questions":"What category of toys may pose a security risk?","answer":"Toys"}
{"text":["And with a big picture on how Americans are voting on this long awaited day. We've got NPR's senior Washington editor, Ron Elving. Hey, Ron.","Hey, good to be with you, Farai.","Well, Senators Obama and John McCain cast their ballots in their home states today. So what kind of turnout are we seeing?","Big. Now we always say the turnout looks like it's heavy, and usually it turns out not to be so great. So take this with a grain of salt, but the anecdotal indicators are that we are seeing a lot of turnout, and let's remember that we've already had a big turnout election just in terms of how many people came out and voted early. More than we've ever seen before and by leaps and bounds. So when we put it all together, I think that most of the experts do expect that we will have at least 130 million American's votes cast this fall either early or today, and that that will be a new record by about eight million."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Big picture means a vast summary , meaning lots of information at once ","questions":"What did PersonA say about the turnout?","answer":"Big"}
{"text":["I don't think so. Like I told you earlier, you know, what I see on the ground is the agents going out of their ways, you know, in rescuing these people. It's a shame to shadow that heroism with the social media.","Do you worry about the mental health of Border Patrol agents?Do you worry about people who are just sick, tired, fed up, overwhelmed?Are you seeing evidence in Customs and Border Protection that people are burning out?","We've heard people talking that they were - they are burning out. There's agents talking about how they have to call in sick more regularly than before.","Why?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : burning out implies that people are being frustrated and not burnt out in fire","questions":"What is the reason behind the agents calling in sick more regularly?","answer":"Burnout"}
{"text":["I really didn't feel safe because the Turkish government is very famous for hunting down those who oppose Erdogan. So, I mean, I just didn't want to really risk my life by going to Europe. But, you know, I talked to my team. I told them all, like, how many times I want to come because I want to be with you guys there, and I want to get a win with you guys. And then, later on, they came back with the news and said, you know what?I think the best decision is if you don't come. Let's just not risk it for one game.","Do you feel safe in New York and elsewhere in the U. S. ?","I have been getting last two, three days hundreds death threats, but I think I feel safe in America. But anywhere else in the world, I wouldn't really feel safe.","Did you say you've gotten hundreds of death threats?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He is implying that he is still not safe.","questions":"What is the PersonA's current feeling about their safety?","answer":"Unsafe"}
{"text":["Ukraine, I think, has enough storages of gas for this winter, but nevertheless, it's a long-term issue that Ukraine really has to address.","Yeah and it owes billions to Russia, doesn't it?","It owes some on the contracts it has and there's a negotiation going on at the moment between Russia and Ukraine on those contracts. But the fundamental point for Ukraine is its energy efficiency levels are very low. If Ukraine could get to Western European levels of energy efficiency, it would actually need to import very little gas at all.","But how do they do that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), B's comment about Ukraine owing billions to Russia is not directly related to A's comment about Ukraine's gas storage and long-term energy issues. B's comment is an implication that Ukraine's ability to address its energy issues may be hindered by its financial obligations to Russia. It also suggests a possible underlying political tension between Ukraine and Russia.","questions":"What is the underlying reason for PersonB's comment about Ukraine owing money to Russia?","answer":"Financial"}
{"text":["About the South, I think what's missing is an attention to the ways that we have progressed but the paradox of that progress here for many folks. We're not getting to those deep structures because the South is so glittery now. We have Starbucks, and we have Whole Foods. And there are cranes in the sky, as Solange Knowles would say, all across the South. We're in the newest New South. There are lots of stories about growth and progress. But, again, at what cost?On whose backs?","And so about Memphis, I think what we miss is that because we have seemingly healed in the form of a museum, in the form of commemoration, in the form of reckoning with this assassination that we're on the upswing, that we're moving forward. But as I mentioned earlier, I feel that time has stood still and gone backwards and circled around us in a lot of ways here and that what gets missed is that there are people in the middle of this play of politics, in the middle of this history who are crushed but that still are striving in ways that are remarkable and beautiful. There is joy. There is dancing. There is singing. Sometimes, I hop into a church just to hear the sounds of joy that come out. And I think that gets lost in the way that we talk about the city in the national media.","Zandria Robinson is a sociology professor at Rhodes College and a Memphis native. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Memphis has a rich culture and community that is often overlooked in national media coverage.","questions":"What is the main issue with the national media coverage of Memphis?","answer":"Coverage"}
{"text":["Hi, senator. How are you doing?","I'm great. How are you?","I'm doing great. So your two major competitors in this race have come to symbolize certain things. Senator Edwards paints himself as the candidate who's going to end poverty and Senator Obama's supporters say he's the candidate of change. So what do you symbolize?","Well, I think that I'm the candidate with the experience we need to make the changes we want. I don't think there is an either or here. That's a false choice. We have to look at each of us and what we represent and what we have done in our lives and what we believe we can do as the next president."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3).  In this turn, the speaker asks what the senator symbolizes in the current political race. The literal meaning of the words is clear, but the implied meaning is more complex. The speaker is really asking the senator to define their political platform and message, and to explain how they differ from their competitors. The question is meant to elicit a nuanced response that goes beyond simple symbolism.","questions":"Which turn asks the senator to explain their political platform and message in a nuanced manner?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["Yes, we've had our wine chosen by the White House twice, most recently just over a week ago.","Now, that must feel incredible. But you also have, you know, obviously a much wider market. How did you get into this business in the first place?","From the roots of a lot of African-Americans. My grandfather was a farmer in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and my father was - and my grandfather were home wine-makers, basically. In the old days in the country, you grew your own vegetables to eat, you raised your own cattle or chickens if you enjoyed those things or wanted those things, and if you wanted alcohol you made your own wine or different alcohols.","It's a far cry from doing this as something that you drink yourself to doing it as the kind of business you have. And it's still a family business, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Starting a wine-making business is a significant achievement.","questions":"How many times has the White House chosen their wine?","answer":"Twice"}
{"text":["Look. We - no - we have low-skilled workers who come to this country all the time. . .","Low skills is different than no skills.",". . . Well, low skill - that's what the chief was talking about. We're talking about bringing in the best and brightest from around the world. That's not what is occurring now. But let's not pretend for a second we have a mean, heartless immigration policy. We have the most generous immigration policy in the world. So to pretend as though, somehow, we're closing off to the world is just ridiculous. What this president and what the chief of staff was talking about is we want people in this country who have a lot to offer the United States, who are the best and the brightest. And right now our immigration system as such - we don't get that.","I'm afraid I got to come back to the McCain question one more time because, you know, we wouldn't keep asking it if someone in the White House would say, look. I wish it hadn't happened. He's a great American. He's given great service to the country. He might be in his last days. Let's just shut down this controversy and say, thank you for everything you've done for America. But why won't the White House say that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The US immigration policy should bring in the best and brightest from around the world","questions":"What kind of workers does PersonA say come to the US all the time?","answer":"Low-skilled"}
{"text":["And?","And it got huge. I don't know.","What happens?How does something go viral on Craigslist?I don't even know.","I don't know. I mean, I tweeted about it, and then it started getting passed around. And, you know, people started writing posts on blogs. I think someone called it, like, the most beautiful Craigslist missed connection post ever.","(Laughter) That's a very competitive category."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : viral implies that the information spread around quickly to other people","questions":"How did the most beautiful Craigslist missed connection post become viral?","answer":"Sharing"}
{"text":["So I'm going to plunge straight into another topic. That's gas prices. They rose more than six cents in one day following news of the damage to the Gulf Coast. There is a lot of oil industry there. Tropical Storm Ike also damaged that area.","Now, there is a question of whether or not folks are getting unfairly gouged. One gas station is said to have charged five dollars for a gallon of regular, and there are some other places in the damaged areas that don't even have gas. So is this price gouging?And I'm not just talking about the people in the effected areas, but people across the country.","There is some price gouging, I think, when you get to five dollars. On the other hand, when you're talking about what's happening with production, the fact is that there are almost immediate shortages. Gas stations have the gas that they have under their stations to pump, that's all they have. They have to get deliveries of other gas and it's more scarce, it costs them more.","So if someone decides, in anticipation of price rises, to raise the price on the gas under their station, that's not fair but it's somewhat reasonable. But when they take it from a few cents to five dollars, if it was being posted as $3. 65, which was the national average, and then you get up to five dollars, that does seem to be a bit much."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Gas prices are rising because of immediate shortages caused by the storm.","questions":"How are gas prices affected by the storm?","answer":"increased"}
{"text":["No, he's not. He's a career CBP official. He was already in place when the Trump administration came in. He's not known as an immigration hardliner. As a matter of fact, he's told the Senate that he thought the United States should support governments in Central America to improve economic opportunities there - in other words, to take away the motivation for people to flee. He's also talked about asylum-seekers as vulnerable families, not as scam artists. Sometimes the president describes them that way. But he's not going to have a lot of say in policy. That comes from Trump and his inner-circle of advisers at the White House, particularly Stephen Miller, who has the loudest voice on immigration. . .","Yeah.",". . . Inside the White House.","Now, a lot of people are noticing that McAleenan will be the third acting secretary running a major cabinet department. Interior and Defense are also being run by acting secretaries. And I'm not even including the scores of lower-level acting officials in this administration. Is this as unusual as it seems?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) - This is used as a response to show agreement with the speaker.","questions":"Which turn is used to indicate that the speaker is not sure if the situation is unusual or not?","answer":"Three"}
{"text":["Yeah.","I'm also told by White House officials the Secret Service director was not connected to security questions at Mar-a-Lago. It was in the works before the latest security breach there - Chinese woman with a lot of passports and hard drives.","Right.","But - so this is not necessarily directly connected to immigration unlike Nielsen's resignation, which was immigration-related."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"But - so this is not necessarily directly connected to immigration unlike Nielsen's resignation, which was immigration-related.\" Implication: The reason for the departure of the Secret Service director is not related to immigration issues, unlike the resignation of Nielsen, which was due to immigration-related matters.","questions":"How was Nielsen's resignation different from the Secret Service director's departure? (Answer: Immigration-related)","answer":"Immigration-related"}
{"text":["So that was kind of a puzzle. Why do we have this sort of high density of angular momentum in the Earth-moon system, and the other planets are spinning slower?And so it came up with this idea that hey, Mars hit the Earth, gave it its spin, not Mars itself but a planet like Mars. . .","Is that the Theia, or is that something different?","That's Theia. That's the Mars-sized planet that people have been invoking all these years, for about the last 40 years now. And that led to detailed models and dozens and dozens of papers exploring this idea of fleshing out various scenarios. And in the last 10 years, we really thought we were approaching the endgame, where we could make the Earth, we could give it its spin, we could, you know, make a moon. . .","And you had it all wrapped up?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Theia is the Mars-sized planet that collided with Earth","questions":"Which planet collided with Earth?","answer":"Theia"}
{"text":["This was back in 1982?","'82. But I think people thought, oh, my God, you know, you can't put a black person's heart in a white person. You cannot possibly put a woman's heart in a man. I mean, it's interesting that with the heart, sort of the emotions we ascribe to it get all wrapped up in the medical techniques also.","So they got beyond that. And you write about this group of researchers and doctors in Houston - big egos, big personalities and a big state (laughter). Tell us about these two pioneers who had this incredible rivalry that helped shape this field - Dr.  Denton Cooley and Dr.  Michael DeBakey.","When I started looking into it again, it was kind of like the right stuff for heart surgeons. These were people with outsized personalities and outsized wills. And the story really starts in Houston with the theft of an artificial heart from Michael DeBakey's lab. And DeBakey at the time was perhaps the most famous heart surgeon or surgeon in the world. And his nemesis was a guy named Denton Cooley, who, for a time, worked under him and got tired of waiting for Dr.  DeBakey to put this artificial heart in someone. So he purloined it with the man who had designed it into DeBakey's lab and put it in a man. And the operation, to some extent, was a success because the patient lived. And this became the most famous feud in medical history."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The notion of gender and race plays a significant role in the medical field.","questions":"Which field?","answer":"Medical"}
{"text":["The House passed the Republican health care bill this week that would repeal and replace large portions of President Obama's Affordable Care Act. The bill now goes to the Senate. It was a close vote in the House. Twenty Republicans and every single Democrat voted against the bill. We go now to one of the 217 members of Congress who voted for the American Health Care Act. Congressman Tom Reed is a Republican from the Finger Lakes District of New York. Mr.  Reed, thanks very much for being back with us.","Always a pleasure, Scott. Thanks for having me on.","I know you have three public meetings today, so thanks for making the time. You were undecided at one point. What decided it for you?","Well, we were supportive of the original bill, and then the amendments started to dribble out. And we wanted to make sure we read the text before we took an actual position on the bill. And once we read the text, I was very comfortable that this is a step in the right direction to take on the health care crisis in America."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: It's important to take a step back and reflect on our actions before making decisions.","questions":"Which action did PersonA take before making a decision on the health care bill?","answer":"Reflect"}
{"text":["Well, I think one of my roles - at least the way I pretty much defined my life and work for 35 years in the academy and was quite lucky in serendipitous ways began teaching at Yale at the time of the moment that's now considered, I guess, the revolutionary moment at Yale with the Black Panthers and Bobby Seale and Erica Huggins and others.","So, I always saw a kind of resistive undercurrent in the university even at its Ivy League level. And I've tried to identify myself in the academy with that resistive undercurrent. And I've tried to maintain an integrity of my public appearances and what I write that never refuses to look at the fact that racism, in my estimation, is more rampant in the United States and globally than ever before.","One can say is the glass half-full or half-empty. I think that's mere casuistry. It seems to me that the glass is empty for the majority of Americans now, not just black Americans, and it's not near any liquid refreshments source that I know of, the foreclosures, the economics of the present time, the war.","It seems to me that Henry Louis Gates Jr.  and Cornel West made a deliberate turn at a certain point in their career and decided, in the case of Mr.  Gates for example, that he was not going to do another profoundly brilliant book in his\u2026","Well, professor, I'm sorry, we have to wrap this up. There's a lot there, but thank you so much, Professor Baker."],"speaker":["A","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There was a period of political upheaval and social justice activism at Yale University involving prominent figures such as the Black Panthers and Bobby Seale.","questions":"What was the university where the political upheaval and social justice activism took place involving the Black Panthers and Bobby Seale?","answer":"Yale"}
{"text":["So you just said that hitting hospitals would be the primary target of any military operation. Did I understand you correctly?","That's perfectly correct. When there is an intent to displace people, then hospitals start to get targeted and in a pattern that's very predictable. We've seen it before in Aleppo. In addition to putting those hospitals in underground structures or in caves hospital (ph), we share the location, the coordinates of these hospitals with the U. N.  agencies, with Russia, with the United States, as they both are leading the humanitarian task force in Syria.","So everybody is aware of the locations of those hospitals. And last week for example, going back to what's going on in Idlib, when you have 12 hospitals hit in a small area, when they're struck and they're damaged directly, you realize that this is beyond just collateral damage and beyond just a limited-scale operation.","Are these bombings of medical facilities that you describe causing the health care system, what's left of it, to collapse?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Military operations intentionally target hospitals during displacement of people.","questions":"How do hospitals become the primary target during military operations?","answer":"Predictable"}
{"text":["Unfortunately, we know that the homeless individuals who are unsheltered and living in the street are disproportionately burdened with behavioral health challenges, mental disease, substance abuse disorders. And so if a nurse from the government shows up with a syringe and says, hey, I'm here from the government. I'm here to help you. Take this shot - it's not so simple. We have had to spend a tremendous amount of time building trust, providing education and making the case for why receiving a vaccine is such a critical opportunity for them to protect their health.","What are the symptoms of hepatitis A?","These are symptoms that basically reflect inflammation of the liver. And the most common symptoms are basically fever, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, significant abdominal pain, the loss of appetite. And then one of the telltale things is either darkening of the urine or what's called jaundice, which is the common yellowing of the eyes and the yellow hue of the skin, indicating liver enzymes being spilled into the bloodstream. So jaundice is also a very common symptom.","Dr.  Yphnatides, if you think long term about changes you would want to see made to prevent another outbreak like this in the future, where does that take you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: Dr. Yphnatides is being asked to think about what changes should be made in the future to prevent another outbreak like this.","questions":"How is Dr. Yphnatides being prompted to think?","answer":"Changes"}
{"text":["Not initially.","No?It didn't come in handy?","Yeah. I mean, you would think that would be an easy thing, but man, you know, that's why they have somebody for that. You know, it definitely becomes a thing trying to get people out their trailer. They're nice and comfy.","Well, did you have any other experiences in the NFL that kind of helped prepare you for the role you do now?I'm taking not doing hair probably doing - doing hair probably wasn't one of those tasks since you all wear helmets, but. . .","Yeah. I mean, but look. You know, I had natural hair. You know, I remember when I was in the league, I had my hair long enough to where it could be braided. And, you know, every week I'd have to go and get it worked on and stuff. So, you know, I think for both men and women it's definitely something that's a big part of our life. But, you know, in terms of the connection between NFL and filmmaking, it's all very team-oriented."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Getting people out of their trailers is a difficult task.","questions":"How did the speaker describe their hair in the NFL?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["The Trump administration - or at least the president - have indicated previously they don't share this conclusion. Saudi Embassy says the claims and the purported assessment are false. Now, let's note - President Trump has often criticized the U. S.  intelligence establishment, saying they're not right on Russia. Oh, yeah. They were the ones who said Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.","We have to ask, is there any indication in this CIA report, which has sources inside, that this is some kind of attempt by what the president's supporters call the deep state to bring him into line?","No, I don't think so. I mean, the CIA - you know, for all of the ways that the president somehow misunderstands how they operate - is looking at this situation objectively. And, yes, to some degree, they are factoring in subjective judgments about how people behave, like the crown prince. But this is not an attempt, I think, to, you know, bring the crown prince to heel or to somehow influence policy.","And we should note, too, the president, I mean, has been briefed on the CIA's findings. And what we understand is that he keeps resisting them because he doesn't have, I guess, the smoking gun. He keeps asking, well, where's the body?Or, show me the definitive proof that Mohammed bin Salman ordered this. And, you know, it doesn't always work that way."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This statement implies a suggestion that some of President Trump's supporters may believe that the CIA report is an attempt to undermine his authority, rather than an objective assessment of the facts.","questions":"What suggestion is implied about some of President Trump's supporters regarding the CIPersonA report?","answer":"supporters"}
{"text":["We were sure supposed to. Somewhere along the line things, sort of, broke down and it's obviously disturbing that we haven't come as far as we thought in that time.","As you looked at what happened before the attack in Benghazi, what do you think are the important lessons to be taken away there?","You know, I think that right now it's hard to tell what the lessons are because there's no clear chain of accountability or decision making. The first question you ask yourself is who is in charge of this thing?You had a mission - a State Department mission on the ground.","Theoretically everyone in that mission, including that special operations team that supposedly could've reacted to this thing was working for the head of mission, which in this case was a deputy chief of mission since the ambassador was the individual involved. And it's unclear to me even at this point if he had the authority to launch that special operations team or whether someone outside that chain of command and Department of Defense or Southern Command, or pardon me, in Special Operations Command, you know, overruled that. And it's never become obvious to me what that chain of command was. And it seemed to me that would be one of the first questions the congressional people are asking - doing the inquiries should've been asking."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is no clear process for who has accountability and makes decisions. The mission was outside of the office instead of being conducted via phone or internet.","questions":"What was the location of the mission?","answer":"Ground"}
{"text":["Yes, I do. And one of the ways it could be would be to have more women in the House and in the Senate. We saw back in the early 1990s after the Justice Clarence Thomas controversy, Anita Hill's allegations - led a lot of women to say, why weren't there more women on that committee passing judgment on Anita Hill's accusations?- because there was not a single one. They were all men. And why can't we have more representation for our gender when we are, after all, half the population?","That led to the so-called Year of the Woman - 1992 - in which a record number of senators who were women were elected and a large new number in the House. And that we have seen somewhat rise and continue to rise. And the number of women who are in the Senate today is the highest it's ever been, but it's still a minor fraction. And it's still a minor fraction in the House. And as women become more politically active, they become more politically attuned - they are seeing these things, and they are realizing that they need to be represented in Congress to have full power and full equality in this society.","NPR's Ron Elving, thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : And as women become more politically active, they become more politically attuned - they are seeing these things, and they are realizing that they need to be represented in Congress to have full power and full equality in this society.\"  In these turns, the speakers are implying that there is a need for increased representation of women in Congress in order to achieve gender equality and address the underrepresentation of women in positions of power. The literal meanings of the statements may focus on the numbers or demographics, but the implied meaning goes beyond that to highlight the importance of equal representation and the pursuit of gender equality.","questions":"What is the reason for women becoming more politically attuned according to turn 1?","answer":"Representation"}
{"text":["I think that the idea of business is that we'd like to serve customers around the world with the capabilities and technologies that we have. But we understand that countries operate differently. They have different political structures. They have different economic priorities. That's just the way the world is, and it's - I think it's always going to be to some degree. What we think is that business can help keep the world a more peaceful place and a more prosperous place. We have a really critical role in keeping the engagement between nations constructive, to make sure that nations talk to each other and feel mutually dependent.","Tom Linebarger is the CEO of Cummins Inc, an Indiana-based company that manufactures diesel engines.","Thanks very much for joining us today.","It was a pleasure speaking with you, Ailsa. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Business can promote peace and prosperity between nations despite their differences.","questions":"What role can business play in promoting peace and prosperity between nations?","answer":"integral"}
{"text":["Good to still be with you, Scott.","Got your Sharpie ready?","(Laughter).","Let me go on. Congress is coming back to a debate that has raged over firearms. There were a number of mass shootings, and it doesn't seem to have much impact on the debate, has it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : interviewer is asking if he is ready to start the interview again","questions":"How did Scott prepare for the debate?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["It's becoming a new Thanksgiving tradition. This year, like the year before, the newest installment of \"The Hunger Games\" movie franchise \"Mockingjay Part 1\" is an adaptation of the first half of Suzanne Collins third and final book in the series. And with the backdrop of what's been happening in the world, protests in Ferguson, Missouri, and shakeup at the Capitol - Capitol Hill that is. Audiences look for comparisons between the fictitious world of Panem and the real world. We're joined now by Stephen Carter, a professor of law at Yale, a novelist and columnist for Bloomberg View, where he writes regularly on popular culture. Stephen, thanks so much for being back with us.","It's my pleasure, Scott.","I'm just guessing you don't watch \"Hunger Games\" the way a lot of other people do.","You're right. I'm looking for tropes and ideas that are going to leap out of the film into public life. And one that's really striking about the \"Hunger Games\" franchise is how more than really anything else in recent years in popular culture, so many of the symbols - the nation of Panem itself with its deep wealth inequalities, the notion of the Capitol, this barricaded wealthy city and of course, Katniss Everdeen herself, the hero. All of these things have not only leapt into the public imagination, but they are regular features of political argument."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"leapt into the public imagination\" - This phrase means that something has become popular, but it does not literally mean that people have started imagining things.","questions":"Which phrase describes the popularity of symbols in \"The Hunger Games\" franchise?","answer":"Becamepopular"}
{"text":["Well, you're a gifted counselor. What do you think it might be?","I think it's triggering our students who have already experienced trauma and secondary trauma, and they've seen things. And we've seen students go through all kinds of emotional reactions during drills - panic and sadness and grief and fear because during those drills, you really don't know what's happening.","Given your history, given what you do now, given how close you come to some of these terrible issues, issues that are often too terrible to contemplate - if there are any one, two or three things you can change or say need to be done right now, what would they be?","I think our schools are doing everything they possibly can to make the environment safe. And I think one of the things that needs to change is it is not a conversation just for our schools anymore. What's happening is our world and our society are now entering our schools. And so we need to address our world and our society."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Schools alone cannot solve the issue of safety, society as a whole needs to address it.","questions":"How does PersonA suggest addressing the issue of safety in schools?","answer":"Society"}
{"text":["From NPR News, I'm Farai Chideya. For Wednesday, February 13th, this is News and Notes.","From NPR News, This s News and Notes. I'm Farai Chideya. The White House race only gets hotter, especially if you're John McCain. Yesterday the Arizona Senator picked up the Potomac primary wins in Washington, D. C.  and Maryland. He also took Virginia, where Mike Huckabee put up a good fight. The victories are edging McCain closer to the GOP candidate seat, and as for the Democrats, yesterday was all Barack Obama. He swept the Potomac Primaries and stacked up key delegate points. Joining me now to sort through the numbers is Ron Elving. He's NPR's senior Washington editor. Hi, Ron.","Hello, Farai.","So how many delegates did McCain pick up?","McCain picked up a little over a hundred, possibly as many as 113, depending on how they sort out Maryland. But he got everything in Virginia, all 30 delegates, despite the fact he only won by nine percentage points. That's the way the Republican rules work. You can win certain winner take all states, no matter what your plurality or majority may be, you get all the delegates. So he did that in Virginia and the District of Columbia and he'll get virtually all of the delegates in Maryland. So he picked up somewhere between 100 and 113 delegates. It puts him pretty much out of sight. He's got more than three times as many as Mike Huckabee."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : McCain has a significant lead over Mike Huckabee in terms of delegate count.","questions":"What is the delegate count difference between McCain and Huckabee?","answer":"Significant"}
{"text":["Assuming we know some it.","And that's it. And, you know, we know some of it a little at this stage. These are very early studies that are just almost like proof of principle, that clearly we're seeing the same trends across different mucosal surfaces in body. So perhaps there could be a unifying theory in this idea of restoring appropriate colonization patterns to those sites.","Well, let me ask you a wild question that just struck me. If you overly - if you're a mouthwash user and it kills everything in your mouth or any bacteria, 99 percent of the germs, it says, are you doing yourself a disservice?","I - we - nobody has looked at that. And it's - again, anything that perturbes these communities, you know, there's the potential for pathogenic organisms to outgrow in that kind of depleted diversity community. So it would be wonderful study. We don't study oral micro biota, but it would be wonderful study."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Well, let me ask you a wild question that just struck me.\"  This turn uses the idiom \"struck me\" to mean \"occurred to me suddenly\", rather than a literal physical action of striking.","questions":"How did the idiom \"struck me\" function in turn 2?","answer":"Idiom"}
{"text":["Earlier today, U. S.  Secretary of State John Kerry held a joint news conference with Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Saud al-Faisal who told reporters his country can not ignore military intervention from Iran and Hezbollah in support of President Bashar al-Assad in Syria. Saudi Arabia already sends arms to the Syrian opposition. The U. S.  also plans to provide light arms to the rebel forces. But the Saudi foreign minister said more is now required. NPR foreign correspondent Deb Amos joins us now from NPR's bureau in Beirut. Nice to have you back one more time.","Very nice to be here.","Everyone knows Saudi Arabia and Iran are sometimes bitter rivals and on opposite sides in Syria. What does it mean for the Saudi foreign minister to speak so bluntly as he stands next to the U. S.  secretary of state?","What is different here is a change in tone. The language was very, very tough today. The Saudi foreign minister talked about genocide by the government of Syria. He talked about an outside invasion. He's talking about the Iranians and Hezbollah, the Shiite militant group here in Lebanon. He says they have a massive flow of weapons, and that that must be stopped. He was asking for a resolution to have an arms embargo on the Syrians, nigh on impossible. What he's talking about, one would guess, is a U. N.  resolution and any resolution that would ban weapons would be certainly vetoed by the Russians and most likely the Chinese. But they were venting, the Saudis today, as John Kerry was there for talks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Saudi foreign minister might not be actually standing next to the U.S. Secretary of State, but figurately.  ","questions":"Which foreign minister is mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Saudi"}
{"text":["(Reading) I pace the cell to think. I pace to relieve tension. I lightly box the walls. My knuckles have calluses on them from boxing the wall. I do pushups on my fists. I don't have deep thoughts. I'm practical. I get through the day the way I have done a thousand times. Will this be the day I break?I push that thought away. Mind over matter. I keep moving so later I can sleep sometime.","Albert Woodfox served more than 40 years in solitary confinement in Louisiana's Angola Prison for a crime he says he didn't commit - the murder of Corrections Officer Brent Miller. Mr.  Woodfox was already serving time at Angola for armed robbery and believes he and another inmate were set up because of their prison activism as members of the Black Panther Party. His conviction for Brent Miller's murder was overturned twice. Each time, the state indicted him again. He was finally set free in 2016 after a plea deal to lesser charges. Albert Woodfox says the self-discipline instilled in him by his mother helped him through those decades alone in his cell.","I spent a lot of time reading, writing - self-education. I used the time to teach myself both criminal and civil law. And we lived on what we call an organized tier along the principles of the Black Panther Party, developing unity among the other guys on the tier. We taught guys how to read and write, which, you know, I think was my greatest achievement.","Mr.  Woodfox, how often were you gassed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is in prison and has developed coping mechanisms to get through the day. He keeps himself busy and tries not to dwell on negative thoughts.","questions":"What does PersonA do to relieve tension in prison?","answer":"Pace"}
{"text":["Me, party?No.","So, what's going on with this new netbook by VAIO?I've seen it all over, you know, the tech blogs, and I understand that you've taken a look at it, and tell us what it is, of course.","Yeah, absolutely. I mean, this Sony VAIO P is what they are actually calling the model number of this. This is smaller laptop. This is probably the ideal laptop size. It's kind of - it's larger than a typical BlackBerry, but it's smaller than your 15-inch standard laptop that you're looking - that you currently carry around. This is 1. 4 pounds, very, very light. It's only an eight-inch screen. So, most laptops usually starts off at 10 or 12 inches for the small. So, this is very small. It's very thin, Farai. I mean, you could put this in a purse or backpack, and it's so stylish. But really what's blown, I think, a lot of people away about this particular device is that, A, it's easy to carry; it runs with regular Windows operating system software on it; beautiful resolution, and it has built in Verizon High-Speed, what they call EBDO - it's a technical term - but basically cellular-broadband connection all built in to this one device. I'm just in awe, floored by this particular product.","You have a crush."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : you have a crush usually means that the person likes something or someone.","questions":"What does the statement about turn 3 suggest?","answer":"Likes"}
{"text":["The American Medical Association has largely stayed on the sidelines of political fights over the past 30 years or so. But a North Dakota law set to go into effect next month is spurring the doctor's group to get involved now. The law will require doctors in North Dakota to tell patients that medically induced abortions can be reversed. Now, there's no scientific evidence to support that claim, and the AMA is taking the state to court over it and another existing abortion law. Julie Rovner covers health policy at Kaiser Health News. She joins us now.","Welcome back to the program, Julie.","Thanks for having me.","We just described one of these laws. What's the other one, and why is the AMA concerned about it?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The AMA is concerned about another abortion law.","questions":"What is the AMPersonA's concern about the second abortion law?","answer":"Scientific"}
{"text":["That's right.","How did the capital - how did the changes strike you since you'd been there a year ago?","A huge sense of despondency - I mean, huge humanitarian suffering, people, again, displaced from their homes - but a sense of resolve that people were committed to defending the capital against what they saw as an aggression but I think a real fear about what can come next for this country. I mean, the social fabric of this country of 6 million has been really torn apart, and it's been worsened also by foreign meddling in the country.","Foreign meddling meaning what?What's going on?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"a sense of resolve that people were committed to defending the capital against what they saw as an aggression\" - The literal meaning of the sentence is that people were determined to protect the capital against a perceived act of aggression. However, the implied meaning is that people were afraid of an actual act of aggression, not just a perceived one.","questions":"What were the people in the capital committed to defending against?","answer":"Aggression"}
{"text":["And it's interesting, your book had pictures of the hands of some of the great catchers of those days, gnarled and twisted. Anybody who played catcher could expect to be crippled - their hands - for the rest of their lives.","Exactly. And people would say, you know, I don't know what this guy looks like but just look for a catcher's hands. And as soon as you'll see - you see those hands, you recognize, oh, that's - that must be who it was.","Are there stories about Deacon White?You mentioned he traveled from team to team. I guess he had one fantastic year in Boston. But what kind of a man was he?Do we know?","He was a really high-character man. In a time when baseball had a lot of guys who spent their evenings drinking and carousing, Deacon - he was known as Deacon because he went to church and he was a Sunday school teacher. And family came absolutely first for him."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Playing catcher is a dangerous position that can cause permanent physical harm.","questions":"What position in baseball could potentially result in permanent physical harm?","answer":"Catcher"}
{"text":["As a trained economist, as you do your personal budget, what do you figure paying $60 a month would force you to do without?","If I was not looking to change my career at all, if I was tending bar and making the income that I'm making right now, I would maybe save a little less, maybe, you know, buy a cheaper brand of dog food. It wouldn't affect me too much. It would be something that would make money a little tighter. But it would be an important reason, just like having lights on in your house makes money a little tighter. It's an important thing to spend it on, you know.","As now, I'm looking for career work in Philadelphia, in the D. C.  area and New York area. So with interviews and that job hunt, there's a lot of travel expense, whether it's taking a train or jumping in the car, and going and staying for a night or staying for a couple of nights. So every little bit, when I want to be able say: Hey, you want to interview tomorrow?Absolutely, I'll be there first thing in the morning. All of my income is focused on launching this career that I've spent the last several years of my life preparing for.","And are there other ways in which you live differently, Mr.  Kreider, because you're worried about twisting an ankle?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3)\tA:\tAs now, I'm looking for career work in Philadelphia, in the D.C. area and New York area.So with interviews and that job hunt, there's a lot of travel expense, whether it's taking a train or jumping in the car, and going and staying for a night or staying for a couple of nights.So every little bit, when I want to be able say: Hey, you want to interview tomorrow?Absolutely, I'll be there first thing in the morning.All of my income is focused on launching this career that I've spent the last several years of my life preparing for. (4)\tB:\tAnd are there other ways in which you live differently, Mr. Kreider, because you're worried about twisting an ankle?  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1)  (2)  (3)  (4) ChatGPT The turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings are:  (2) \"save a little less\" - The literal meaning would be to reduce the amount of money saved, but the implied meaning is that the person would be willing to compromise on their savings and not save as much as they currently do.  (3) \"all of my income is focused on launching this career\" - The literal meaning would be that the person is using all of their income for career purposes, but the implied meaning is that the person is prioritizing and investing heavily in their career, possibly sacrificing other expenses or financial goals.  (4) \"live differently...because you're worried about twisting an ankle\" - The literal meaning would be that the person has altered their lifestyle due to the fear of getting injured, specifically twisting an ankle. The implied meaning is that the person is cautious and takes precautions in their daily activities to avoid any potential injuries.       Reg","questions":"What is Mr. Kreider's main financial focus?","answer":"Launching"}
{"text":["People are still talking about that controversial New York Post cartoon, which they said sought to spoof the economic stimulus bill. Some people saw it as racist. And we also want to hear from people about what they want to hear from us in these final weeks of our show being on the air, and they can send their ideas for segments, story ideas and interviews to our blog or through our Facebook page, News & Notes.","Can I throw you a curve?","Sure.","All right. I don't want to scare you. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The person is asking the other person if they can say someting that might make them think differently about something.","questions":"What type of curve does person PersonB want to throw at person A?","answer":"Curve"}
{"text":["And this could sound obvious, and this could sound like a no-brainer. But the reality in Mexico is that whenever a journalist is killed, investigators - their first reaction is to always try to find a motive that is not related to journalistic work. So they find any other motive - economic motive or maybe a passion motive, anything except journalistic work because they don't want to admit that they have a problem of press freedom in their hands. But I think in this case it is really obvious why Javier Valdez was killed.","Yeah. This is going to sound naive. But why do you think it's important to do stories like that?I mean, drug cartels - people often prefer just to look the other way - don't they?","Well, yes. But if you don't report on them, then nobody else will. And it is not just the stories about the drug cartels. It is the stories about the consequences that they are unleashing in Mexican public life in every level. I live in a city that, for years, was the turf in a turf war between two drug cartels. And the effects of the violence that they unleashed was devastating for the city because investment never came in. Jobs were not created. Nightlife shut down. People stopped going out on the street. We all started to distrust from one another. Neighborhoods began putting up gates and fences, and so it was really disruptive.","Your newspaper was attacked, wasn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"the consequences that they are unleashing in Mexican public life in every level\" - the literal meaning is the results or outcomes that are being released or let loose, but the actual meaning is the negative effects that are impacting Mexican society at all levels.","questions":"What was the impact of drug cartel violence in the city where PersonA lives?","answer":"Devastating"}
{"text":["I think there is. There has been a lot of talk here about that, not officially from the state board. But I think when you have both candidates kind of saying they would be open to it, it's really on the table. And the state board does have the ability to do this. They can call an election if - by law, if improprieties occurred to such an extent that they taint the results of the entire election and cast doubts on its fairness.","And any idea when a new election might be in the 9th District?","So - right. We have no idea. And they have said they are mindful that the new Congress is supposed to be seated on January 3. But I think it's going to be probably very difficult if they do do an election to get it done that quickly. Another question is, kind of what kind of election would you have?Would you redo the entire 9th District. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It would be difficult to conduct an election in the 9th District quickly.","questions":"How would you describe the feasibility of conducting a new election in the 9th District?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["I know I'm going to get emails, perhaps you too, from people who say, look, I am an agnostic or an atheist really specifically because I thought organized religion had a hand in racializing in our society and a history with slavery and has not had a good effect on U. S.  history.","Sure. I'm not in any way suggesting in this article that I'm telling people that they need to go to religious services. I do think we know that civic connection more broadly tends to help people weather difficulties in their lives. There are many other ways other than doing it through religious institutions.","It just happens that the church has been probably the most central form of civic engagement that Americans have had. And so when Americans disengage from church, for many of them that essentially becomes de facto disengaging from any civic institution. It's not like they're replacing church with some other form of civic institution that might fill some of that same function.","Peter Beinart of The Atlantic. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Stating that when Americans disengage from church, they are not replacing it with another form of civic institution implies that there is no other source of civic engagement that could provide the same benefits that church once did.","questions":"Which institution has been the most central form of civic engagement for Americans according to A?","answer":"Church"}
{"text":["I do. I hope I give them - my songs give them a reason to wake up, you know, and think about what is going on in the world. And hopefully they resonate with the audience, the people who are hearing them. I've always hoped from the time we started singing the freedom songs that our songs - was singing them to make a difference. You know, make a better place. Help somebody instead of hurting somebody. You know, so much we could do to make it better.","Well, it's such a delight to speak with you again. I am so excited that I get the chance to talk with you about this new album. You know I'm going to put you on the spot and ask you if you have a favorite.","All of these songs, Michel. I love every one. But I do love \"Heavy On My Mind. \"","(Singing) We did everything we could to slow this world down. Now my love is in the ground."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The songs that I sing have a message that can inspire change in the world.","questions":"What do the songs of PersonA aim to do?","answer":"Make"}
{"text":["Like we have a song together called, \"You Think You Got It Bad. \"And what I do is, you know, we'll play the track. Then we'll ask him what do he think it needs?And he goes in the studio and do it. You know, it's never something like boy, you can write something for somebody else. You just have to leave everybody creatively open and just hope that it'll all work out.","(Singing) Everything happens for a reason. . .","Now, one of your collaborators, T. I. , was just sentenced to jail on weapons charges. He's, you know, hasn't started serving, yet. But you spent some time in jail yourself. And do you have any advice for someone like T. I. on how to deal with doing time?","Yeah. I think, you know, it is an opportunity. I mean, it's kind of a sad opportunity. I hate to, you know, get an opportunity to have a lot of time with yourself like that. But seeing as if you do, you have the ability to focus on something completely. You have no other outside circumstances that just need your attention like that. You know, he could, you know, write songs. He could find the cure to cancer. He could do anything, man."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"doing time\" - The actual meaning of this phrase is serving a prison sentence. However, the intended meaning could be that this is an opportunity for self-reflection and personal growth.","questions":"What is the intended meaning of \"doing time\" according to the dialogue?","answer":"Personal"}
{"text":["People are still there, and people are still very defiant. I think that's really the only word you can use for people who've spent the last month fasting during Ramadan in extremes of heat. And they now say that we will not step down; we will not stand back until this military council has been deposed.","Well, now the military is saying we're going to stall these negotiations. Any agreement that we had settled is off, but we're going to hold elections within nine months. Is that good news for the protesters?","It is - they take it as good news, but the reality is it's not because the only infrastructure that remains intact is the infrastructure of the former regime and the former ruling party. It's difficult to see how, in a situation where people are fearing for their lives, you can put together a cohesive electoral campaign. Even though the military council says that they will allow observers in, this is a military council that is blocking journalists - that has suspended Al Jazeera, that has suspended other journalists from doing their work. So there's a lot of disbelief that they will allow observers to carry out their job.","Meanwhile, they will just continue to sit-in, to protest, to demand democratic reforms even if they are unlikely."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People have endured extreme conditions during Ramadan, but they are still protesting and refusing to back down","questions":"What word describes the attitude of the protesters mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Defiant"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So what originally did the Consumer Product Safety Commission say was wrong with this stroller?","They were concerned about the front wheel of the stroller. It's a three-wheeled stroller, and they were concerned with the wheel falling off suddenly. It's attached to the stroller with a quick release, the same thing that attaches the wheels on bicycles. And so parents would be out running, jogging with their strollers, their kid in the middle. And the wheel would spontaneously fall off.","So the agency spent months investigating. And in 2017, they decided that Britax should recall the stroller, that it wasn't safe. And they even sued to try and force the company to recall the stroller. Tell us why that didn't happen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"So the agency spent months investigating.And in 2017, they decided that Britax should recall the stroller, that it wasn't safe.And they even sued to try and force the company to recall the stroller.Tell us why that didn't happen.\" is a question that asks for an explanation about why the company did not recall the stroller despite the efforts made by the agency. Its meaning is also clear and straightforward.","questions":"How did the agency try to force the company to recall the stroller?","answer":"Sued"}
{"text":["There's been a lot of outrage. The thing is there's only a finite amount of money. It's not limitless. So that is true for federal aid, state aid and university aid. So money that is going to these families who would not otherwise be eligible for it means that that's money that is not going to a student who really needs it. In Illinois, for example, last year, there were 82,000 students who were eligible for the state grant who did not get it because the state ran out of money.","Have you heard from federal aid officials?Has anyone weighed in on this?","So I think the Department of Education is now aware of it. The state financial aid folks are aware of it. The universities are on alert now. I think they will be looking closely at financial aid applications from students who mark that they are in a legal guardianship. But keep in mind, there are students that really are in that situation. So you don't want there to be so many restrictions that it becomes harder for those students to get the aid.","That's Jodi Cohen, reporter at ProPublica."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to weight in on something means to give an opinion on something","questions":"What does \"weight in\" mean?","answer":"Opinion"}
{"text":["So - but they did these kits, which also are - each one of them is a box that contain a lot of evidence that could be tested. And so yes, we have a problem in this country with rape culture. You see that going on right now. It's never been more evident than it is now - rape culture, sexual harassment culture, all of that.","And so training was also needed. Back then, when we first started, we had found police reports in some files that we pulled where police officers were writing very disparaging things about our victims - not believing them, dismissing their cases, not bothering to work on them. And so that was a part of it as well - not just the neglect, not just no money but just active rape culture in play, where they just did not care.","Based on your expertise, this is happening in a number of cities and counties. Isn't it?","Yeah. There are estimated to be over 400,000 untested abandoned rape kits in this country. And I don't know if you're familiar with Michigan Stadium right here in our state. It seats over 100,000 people. When I tell people that the amount of untested kits in this country that they're estimated to be - you can fill up the biggest college or national football stadium in the country four times. And that's if each kit represents a victim - which it does - and you think of game day at Michigan Stadium four times over, that's how many we have in this country. And that's probably a conservative estimate. It is absolutely horrible. And hopefully, it is changing, albeit very slowly."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There is a significant backlog of untested rape kits in the country.","questions":"What is the estimated number of untested abandoned rape kits in the country?","answer":"400,000."}
{"text":["It's my pleasure, Scott.","You started out in your 40s?","No, I started out professionally in my 40s, but I was acting as a - since I was 9 years old. And as a young man trying to make a living, I was an exterminator, but I was doing community theater for many years before I finally went ahead with it as a professional.","Forgive me. - you were an exterminator?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"It's my pleasure, Scott.\" - This is a polite response to express that the speaker is happy to help or serve Scott in some way. The literal meaning is simply that the speaker is feeling pleasure.","questions":"How did PersonA respond to Scott?","answer":"Pleasure"}
{"text":["What was the basis on which you were denied?","They said that we need to request a formal tour. And this is the problem. You know, I was at Homestead yesterday - the facility in Florida that houses 2,700 mostly teenage migrants. You think about it - they do these guided tours only at very specific times when they have a lot of notice about when people are going to come through. I'm told that lawyers who represent the kids in there have to sign a nondisclosure agreement so that they can't talk about the conditions in there.","It makes you wonder, what are they hiding?Why do we keep seeing images of overcrowding and of terrible living conditions, and then journalists go in there on one of these guided tours, and everything seems to be fine?","You visited another community center where there are migrant families or children. What did they tell you?Have you been able to get any reports?Or did any people who'd been in those facilities have anything to say to you about what the conditions were there?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : seeing images of overcrowding and of terrible living conditions implies the unpleasant view and conditions ","questions":"Which view is implied by seeing images of overcrowding and terrible living conditions?","answer":"view"}
{"text":["Race is so divisive. What can we learn from your relationship with a white man from a different generation?","That's what \"Coach Wooden And Me\" is about. It's about the fact that despite all the differences here in America, we come together on so much that we agree on, you know, our love for sport. Basketball fans across all ethnicities and socioeconomic lines, everybody loves hoops. And that's where we come together, within our country and with other countries of the world.","When you talk about your friendship with coach Wooden in the book, you use the word accomplishment. Why that word?Is having an enduring friendship and accomplishment?","Yeah, I think so because it's something that you have to work at. It just doesn't come. Building up trust and love and affection with someone else, you've got to take some risks. You could fail. It is an accomplishment, you know, because it tests your judgment and, what is your commitment?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), when Bill Russell says \"we come together on so much that we agree on,\" he is not referring to literal agreement, but rather the shared enjoyment and appreciation of basketball. Similarly, when he says \"that's where we come together,\" he is not referring to a physical location, but rather a shared interest and passion.","questions":"What is Bill Russell referring to when he says \"we come together\"?","answer":"Shared-interest"}
{"text":["For political directive, sure.","Yeah. Yeah.","It's not Abraham Lincoln and his team of rivals.","They're like instruction manuals for how to run the government."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The political directive is not related to Abraham Lincoln or his team of rivals.","questions":"What is the subject of turn 2?","answer":"Directive"}
{"text":["We also heard singer-songwriter Ben Harper on that track. He wrote most of the songs on this album. He produced it. How did you two meet?Why do you think you clicked with him?","Well, Ben had written me a song for one of my other albums - \"Livin' On A High Note. \"And that song was \"Love And Trust\"","(Singing) Do what you can. Do what you must. Everybody's trying to find some love and trust. I walk the line. I walk it for us. See me out here trying to find some love and trust.","I fell so in love with that song. And every time we'd sing it, the audience - they would just roar, you know. It turned out so well. So I - we'd been singing it for a couple of years then. I ran into Ben on the road. That's where we would always meet up - somewhere on the road. And I told him. I said, Ben, that song - you have got to write me another song. He said, well, Mavis, why don't I write you 11 songs?I said, why don't you do that?He said, let's make an album. I said, sounds good to me. You know, I said, I don't know if I could handle 11 good songs from Ben Harper. He said, oh, yeah, you can handle it, Mavis."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Ben Harper is capable of writing 11 good songs and Mavis Staples can handle them","questions":"How many songs did Ben Harper offer to write for Mavis Staples?","answer":"11"}
{"text":["So if there is somebody out there listening, and I'm sure there are people who are over 70 or over 80, and who have thought, well, I'd like to go back and pick up that extra degree and - but I don't know if it's practical, why would you tell them that it's something that's good to do?","First thing, why would it not be practical?If it's something someone wants and something they had missed all of their lives, and they know as they're getting older that they're getting closer to the end of the line, it is something they want to do before they pass on. You know, you didn't come here to stay and you will perish. So if that's the last thing you wanted to do, then I should do it. But first, I want to remind you that you must have good health, you must have good stamina and the interest has to be there. If the interest is not there, forget about it; you're wasting your time.","And as far as health goes, what's your best advice for how to stay healthy?","First, I would like to say I have never had a headache in my life. I don't take no medications for nothing. All my vital signs are good. You have to pay attention to what you eat, not eat too much fat, watch your salt intake, watch your alcohol intake, stay away from drugs and smoking."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"You didn't come here to stay and you will perish.\" - This turn is a figurative expression and means that we all have a limited time on earth and will eventually die. It does not have a literal meaning.","questions":"How would you describe the meaning of the phrase \"You didn't come here to stay and you will perish\"?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["You know, I'm not sure exactly where the cuts will take place. I know they've got several issues in mind. I think it's definitely a reflection upon the times right now, and how difficult the environment is for financial service firms.","You wrote in your piece today that the bonus pool is still the sixth largest on record. How much money was it overall?","Overall, it was 18. 4 billion, but it was down from about 33 billion last year. So it's a decline, but it's still, like you said, the sixth largest, so there's been thoughts that the past compensations have gotten a little excessive. So there's definitely an argument that that was the case.","And all of this in the wake of a bonus scandal at Merrill Lynch. What's been going on there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The fact that the bonus pool is the sixth largest on record contradicts the idea of financial service firms facing difficult times.","questions":"How does the size of the bonus pool reflect the current state of financial service firms?","answer":"Decline"}
{"text":["And just before he died, he recorded what would be his biggest song.","Then comes April of 1968 in Memphis. The sanitation workers are on strike. That brought Martin Luther King, Jr.  to town to speak and to show support, and that was when he was murdered at the Lorraine Motel. It hit people at Stax especially hard.","Yes, because the Lorraine, they had a swimming pool and they had a restaurant that would serve an integrated table, and all the Stax visiting artists would stay at the Lorraine. That was their hangout. So, this horrible event at their second home not far from their own building, it was devastating, just absolutely devastating. Isaac Hayes told me he couldn't write for a year.","I want to talk about a song recorded by the Staple Singers that spoke to the issue of black empowerment.","You consider it one of the most important songs the label ever produced - \"Respect Yourself. \"","It's a great, catchy pop song with a really deep message - Mavis Staples singing lead and Pops' guitar sound. It sounds like an organ."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : (6) - \"It sounds like an organ.\" implies that the guitar sound in the song resembles the sound of an organ, rather than actually being an organ.","questions":"What instrument does the guitar sound in \"Respect Yourself\" resemble?","answer":"Organ"}
{"text":["There - while we cannot see the fire any longer from where we are, and it's very, very smoky. There's a ton of ash. There has been a ton of ash. Everyone's lungs are, you know, feeling constricted. The dogs are coughing because it's so thick in the air. So the scene itself is still dismal, for sure.","But people are helping each other.","People are coming together. You know, when there's an emergency like this, if the fire happens too fast and you can't get out in time, you have to set the horses free.","Well, you got to put halters on, you got to label them. Those can burn off in a fire, so we actually handwrote with a Sharpie pen on all of our horses hooves the phone number. If there is some marking on the horse on - with ink, then we can identify, at least, who to call to find out where the horse will eventually need to be, or to let that person know that we have that horse."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies that despite the devastation caused by the fire, people are showing kindness and support to one another.","questions":"What are people doing despite the devastation caused by the fire?","answer":"showing"}
{"text":["And what do you serve?I said $5 bowls of cereal, but expand on that menu if you could.","We sell 120 different cereals from all over the world. So we import cereals from America, from New Zealand, from Australia, from France, from Israel. We import cereals from all over the world, so it's a real experience coming in here because the walls are just littered with cereal memorabilia, toys that you used to get in the boxes. It's a real experience.","Now, I don't for a moment expect you to identify with the people who attacked your store. But can you - can you see where fancy bowls of cereal would kind of fit into their agenda about the world, their neighborhood changing right before their eyes?","I can see their point, but there's also a Versace shop that has just opened up around the corner. They're complaining that people in the area can't afford to come here and afford four pounds for a meal. But there's a Versace shop open around the corner and I think it's - very, very few percent of people in this neighborhood would even be able to walk in there and buy anything. I know I couldn't."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"We import cereals from all over the world, so it's a real experience coming in here because the walls are just littered with cereal memorabilia, toys that you used to get in the boxes.It's a real experience.\"","questions":"What kind of experience is it when you visit the cereal store?","answer":"Experience"}
{"text":["Nineteen, OK, 18 at the time. Yeah.","Yes, sir. As soon as I got to my job, I exited my car, and I walked away probably like no more than 50 feet and, you know, I was apprehended by - it was either four or five ICE agents. You know, the good thing was that my daughter didn't see when they took me because I know she would have been probably even more devastated to see it happen.","Do you have any idea how they - how they began to get interested in your case?","Well, I had a prior deportation from when I was younger for a minor drug offense. Of course, I had to return back to the states because I had my daughter. You know, I was a single father for - ever since she was 3 years old. And the way they found out where I lived, it was the day of Thanksgiving in 2015. I got pulled over because of - my tags were expired on my vehicle. And they took me in. They said I had what they called a misdemeanor warrant from 15 years back. And I went to court, like, four - four or five times, and they ended up dismissing the case. You know, so I thought that was over with, so, you know, I went about my life. And a little over a year later is when they came and picked me up and they said that - pretty much they told me that I went back on their radar for having been pulled over that day in 2015."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the speaker is implicitly asking the listener to ask how ICE agents found out about the speaker's case and location.","questions":"What was the reason for the PersonA's prior deportation?","answer":"drug"}
{"text":["I want to mention that Mark Bryant of the Gun Violence Archive is remaining with us for this hour to offer context if we need him. And so, Congressman, you unveiled a detailed plan to address gun violence as part of your presidential campaign. You had a chance to talk about some of these issues in the debate that you participated in. Tell us about, if you would, just, like, what's your signature idea here?And tell us why you think that's so important.","You know, the signature principle is we don't have to live this way. And so many of my constituents have been calling and texting and saying that they're afraid to go to public places. They're afraid to take their kids shopping with them - that they're mindful of that now and in ways that they've never been before. And, you know, one of the ways that we could reduce that fear would be to ban and buy back the 15 million assault weapons in America.","You know, many folks have called for an assault weapon ban on future manufacturing and sales, but I don't think that would go far enough. I think we need to get every single weapon of war off the streets. And it's not something - this is not an original idea. You know, Australia did it in the '90s and New Zealand is underway doing it now after their mosque shooting.","Well, advocates of expansive gun rights would argue that the United States is different, and that the right to own a gun is both - is a constitutional right. What do you say about that?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"remaining with us\" means staying or continuing to be present","questions":"Which organization is Mark Bryant from?","answer":"Gun-Violence-Archive"}
{"text":["Yeah, which politicians are able to do when required. She was very much a quiet remainer. She made one speech at the beginning and then vanished. It was almost as if she too was calculating and looking at the greater prize at the end.","Let's turn to the Labour Party. Jeremy Corbyn, the leader, has been accused of campaigning to stay in the EU just about as enthusiastically as speaker Paul Ryan in the U. S.  has been campaigning for Donald Trump.","Yeah. I think that's a - it's a perfect analogy. And he was a long-term euro skeptic, but his campaign was so (unintelligible). And he was asked on a tv show how important Britain remain in the European was, and this was at the height of the campaign. And he said, well, seven - seven and a half, and that went down very, very badly. You're not going to win votes like that, and he didn't. And there was a revolt in the Labour heartlands, in the industrial north areas, which have not done particularly well in recent years as manufacturing declines. And as a result, there was a huge uprising in the Westminster party and the houses of Parliament against him.","Yeah, his members of his shadow cabinet have been stepping up to resign."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : idiom meaning that members of Corbyn's shadow cabinet have been leaving their positions, and is not meant to be taken literally.","questions":"How has Corbyn's shadow cabinet been reacting to his stance on Brexit?","answer":"Resign"}
{"text":["Can you read something for us, a short passage?","Well, why don't I read just the first few verses of the Lord's Prayer that most people are familiar with?","That would be wonderful.","We say a prayer like this, I'll say. We Fada wa dey een heaben, leh ebrybody hona ya name. We pray dat soon ya gwine rule oba de wol. Wasoneba ting ya wahn, leh um be so een dis wol same like dey een heaben. Gii we de food wa we need dis day yah an ebry day. Fagib we fa we sin, same like we da fagib dem people wa do bad ta we. Leh we dohn hab haad test wen Satan try we. Keep we fom ebil."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The passage is written in a dialect of English, and the words used have a literal meaning that may be different from standard English. The actual meaning of the passage is a prayer asking for God's blessings, forgiveness of sins, and protection from evil, expressed in a language that is culturally and regionally specific.","questions":"Which aspect of the Lord's Prayer in the passage is culturally and regionally specific?","answer":"Language"}
{"text":["Is Colin Kaepernick, in your judgment, unsigned because of his politics or his performance as a quarterback?","I don't think we can say if it's one or the other. I think what troubled me was that I saw so many people who wouldn't necessarily know the difference between an end zone fade and icing in hockey say automatically without parsing through the situation of his play at all that it has to be racial. And it could be racial. But it's also the type of thing that you could see someone with his skill set at this point in his career trajectory both being in the league and not being in the league.","Can you explain to us why a general manager or coach wouldn't, just in football terms, necessarily snap at the opportunity to sign Colin Kaepernick?","I think you have to ask yourself, can this player, in this case a quarterback, can he help us win?And how do you win in the league right now?It is not 40 years ago when you can win 17 to 10. You have to rack up the offense. And what Kaepernick basically does - his skill set, the best part of it - is he does not throw many interceptions. He had four last year against 16 touchdown passes. That's a really good ratio."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"I saw so many people who wouldn't necessarily know the difference between an end zone fade and icing in hockey say automatically without parsing through the situation of his play at all that it has to be racial.\"  The actual meaning implied in this statement is that many people who lack knowledge about football and its technicalities automatically assume that Colin Kaepernick's situation is racially motivated, without analyzing the specifics of his performance.","questions":"How did people react to Colin Kaepernick's situation without analyzing his performance?","answer":"Racial"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, a big one can come from any number of faults here in Southern California. So if you looked at a map of Southern California and wanted to imagine all the faults, just throw a pile of spaghetti down on it, and all those little strands would be faults all over the place. These - this set of faults is inland from the San Andreas.","And so there was a less-than-1% chance that we would've had an above-7. 0 magnitude earthquake yesterday following the 6. 4 on Thursday, and that happened. As of today, there is a less-than-2% chance that we could see another magnitude 7 today, but we're going to have to see how that shakes out.","The San Andreas is not directly impacted by these faults, as far as we know. But there are a whole lot of faults in that area that might've taken a strain of some of these smaller faults that - when they released all their energy, because that strain doesn't just go away. It has to go somewhere else. And some of the other faults in the area took it on.","And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Southern California has a lot of faults and is at high risk for earthquakes.","questions":"What is at high risk in Southern California?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["And then - yeah, Barack Obama has a sort of different place in the\u2026","Sure.","\u2026stratosphere.","He has political legitimacy in a way that neither Sharpton nor Jackson enjoy. Jesse Jackson was the lineman who get the ugly, brutal work in the trenches of American racial warfare to open up a space for Barack Obama to be graceful and nimble as he - as a running back, so speak, with the football, that the highest prize of American political life - hopefully, people who support him believe - the presidency of the United States, so he is able to run with that goal in mind with grace and aplomb because Jesse Jackson did the heavy lifting and brutal, nasty, bloody work, and others to be sure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The phrase \"stratosphere\" is figurative language to describe the high level of esteem and respect that Obama has from the public.","questions":"Which phrase is used to describe the high level of admiration Obama has from the public?","answer":"Stratosphere"}
{"text":["It occurred on August 1st, in the late hours of the morning. One Serbian fell, and another (unintelligible) porter fell as well trying to rescue him, and that was the beginning of the fatalities. However, the serac fall, which stranded most of the climbers, didn't occur until quite late in the evening on August 1st.","A serac is a big column of ice, a big sheet of ice. And it fell off the mountain, and that complicated things for a lot of people. What were conditions like?","The weather was completely calm, very cold and clear, which is normal. No wind and as the day began to - as the sun began to rise, the weather was actually better than we could have hoped for. But, of course, things changed. The wind began to pick up the next day as people were stranded, and that complicated the rescue effort.","You were attempting to summit on that day, weren't you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"and that was the beginning of the fatalities.\" - The implied meaning here is that the fall resulted in people dying, rather than just being the start of a sequence of events.","questions":"How did the fall affect the climbers?","answer":"Fatalities"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Why has the price gone up in recent years?","Prices will rise to whatever the market will bear, right?We see that uniquely in the U. S.  One vial of insulin in the U. S.  costs seven times what it does in Germany. So there's a huge disparity there. Some of the reasons have to do with reformulations of insulin that are, in fact, better than some of the older ones. Although, when I'm talking about that 1 in 7 price comparison, that's the same exact insulin.","In the U. S. , what's happened - and this is something that I know the Trump administration is looking at and many experts in the field have decried - the slow arrival of biosimilars or generic insulins onto the market, which are on the market in other countries. The problem in this country is the lowering of prices of insulin. And insulin patents have been held up in the courts for years now in suits and countersuits between the three big insulin drug makers, including by Eli Lilly, which is the former employer of our new HHS Secretary.","That's Alex Azar - has been appointed Secretary of Health and Human Services."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The slow arrival of biosimilars or generic insulins onto the market in the US, and insulin patents being held up in courts have resulted in high prices of insulin","questions":"How have biosimilars and insulin patents impacted insulin prices in the US?","answer":"high"}
{"text":["And we also really want to have a voice on the job. As the ones on the ground, we have a lot of valuable information to share, both in terms of what our students need but also in terms of being, like, stewards of this practice. And so we really want to be able to stand up for the integrity of what we do, our work.","What kind of response have you received from YogaWorks in your effort to unionize?","The initial response we got was not exactly what we were hoping for. The emails that we got were actually full of quite a bit of misinformation and what I've come to see as, you know, a pretty typical union-busting tactics - telling us that we'd have to pay really high dues, that there would be a flat rate, that we'd lose all power. Since then, there's been a changeover in the CEO position. And his tone so far seems to be different. He seems to be taking a different approach. But we have yet to see what actually happened. So, you know, the proof will be in the action. And also, the offer to recognize us still stands, and he hasn't taken us up on that either. So we'll see.","Markella, how many yoga instructors are involved in this unionization effort?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Voice\" and \"stand up\" are both figurative. The first means have influence, the second means support (not physically stand up).","questions":"Which two words in turn 0 are used figuratively?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Mr.  Jones\u2026","Yes?","\u2026when you think about the issues of justice and in - for so long, we as African-Americans have and many of us have debated what does justice mean in this life, what does justice mean in the next life, do you think that there is racial justice?Do you think that there will be racial justice on this Earth?","Yes, I do. I believe that we are at a profound transition point. Martin King would say today, there's no way we can make the transition to the 21st century unless we leave the baggage of slavery and racism behind.","And I think to talk about current events, I think that he would both be disappointed and appalled in what's going on in the political discourse. He would be disappointed because when the Senator Obama is criticized in the speech he gave in Philadelphia, Martin would say, well, hold on, America seems to be deeply afflicted by amnesia about how it cheated these African-American people over the past 20th century.","But I think he'd applaud the fact that Senator Obama did what should have been done earlier and needs to be done. You see what Senator Obama did, he walked into the national living room of America and acknowledged and then talked to the 800-pound gorilla of race relations that everybody knew was sitting in there for the 20th century."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is asking if the listener believes in racial justice and if it is possible to achieve it. The speaker suggests that African-Americans have debated this issue for a long time, indicating that it is a complex issue.","questions":"What is the topic of the debate that the speaker mentions in turn 2?","answer":"Meaning"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. Some of the stories seem to have sort of a moral to them, like the one - mysterious one I'm going to call the rectum in a jar.","Yeah, this is the case of the rectum of the Bishop of Durham. If you go to London and you visit the Hunterian Museum, it's a wonderful, wonderful - one - in fact, one of the world's few remaining big medical museums. It's part of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. If you go and visit it, on display on the main floor inside a jar is something they call object RCSHC\/P192. The label identifies it as being the preserved rectum of the Bishop of Durham, and we're talking about Thomas Thurlow, who was born in 1737, died in 1791. Would you like to hear the story of why it's in a jar in London on display?","With that kind of teaser, how could I not?","OK. The - that particular Bishop of Durham was a rich and powerful man. And he came down with some ailments and called in one of the celebrated doctors of the day, John Hunter, a man who, years later, went on to found this museum. Dr.  Hunter examined him and told him he had an incurable disease and that it was bad news. The bishop did not want to accept this news, so he was very insulting to this doctor and instead went and insult - and consulted a cattle doctor who gave him some kind of nostrum."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Bishop insulted the doctor who diagnosed his incurable disease","questions":"How did the Bishop respond to the doctor's diagnosis?","answer":"Insulting"}
{"text":["And we actually have a link to how to take the test up on our website at sciencefriday. com. People can try it out for themselves. What other things can you measure with this test besides bias in that way?","It's been very useful in measuring gender stereotypes. For example, it shows that there are strong stereotypes that associate male with science, female with arts, and we found that this is correlated with different countries. The strength of this implicit stereotype, is what we call it, predicts male-female differences in performance on standardized tests that are administered every few years.","There's a gender career stereotype that associates women with family, men with careers, and you'd think that this is something that men would show, but women would reject. Actually, the implicit association test shows that women have this stereotype, this implicit stereotype, even a little more strongly than men. And we found in research, others have found in research, that this stereotype is associated with women experiencing difficulty in the workplace.","It's sort of a force inside their head that gives them a source of conflict or a feeling of discomfort in career situations.","Speaking of inside your head, can you tell anything about people's mental health from the test?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Women have an implicit gender career stereotype associating them with family which contributes to their difficulties in the workplace.","questions":"Which gender is associated with family according to the implicit association test?","answer":"Women"}
{"text":["I think, it means, that the voters, or the people being polled as voters, don't take their cues from the media, which is not really hard to believe. I think most people absorb a certain amount of media information that they choose from certain sources of media information. They generally tend to go to ones that they find simpatico. They may agree or not agree with a lot of what they hear, but they make up their own minds, and they make up their minds on the basis of things that were in their minds before they went to the media.","Well, Ron. Thanks so much.","My pleasure, Farai.","Ron Elving is NPR's senior Washington editor. He joined us from NPR's headquarters in Washington, D. C."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The media does not have as much influence over voters as people might think.","questions":"What is the reason behind most people going to certain sources of media information?","answer":"Simpatico"}
{"text":["I want to talk a little bit about the words that are used to describe wine. You know, normally we hear things like dry, oaky, buttery - I kind of understand what those mean. But sommeliers have a much more creative way of describing tasting notes that you might not hear in a restaurant.","Well, you get everything from the more straightforward fruits and vegetables. So it could be pomegranate, raspberry, blackberry, apple, pear, lemon. They can also range to the far more imaginative. There were times where I was sitting in a tasting group and I thought that I was hearing someone read from a Wiccan book of love spells.","(Laughter).","Burnt hair, desiccated strawberry, armpit, you know (laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Burnt hair, desiccated strawberry, armpit, you know.\" This turn implies that the person is using unconventional and perhaps even unpleasant descriptions to convey the taste and aroma of the wine, rather than simply using literal and conventional terms like \"sweet\" or \"fruity\".","questions":"What are some examples of unconventional wine descriptions mentioned by person A?","answer":"Burnt,hair,desiccated,strawberry,armpit"}
{"text":["I was listening back to some of the pieces that you've done in the past couple of months as we prepare for this broadcast. One of the things that China may have to change is the role of its banks. Banks like to take very few risks if possible, and that means investing in those big state-owned industries that have - well, they may not be spectacular returns anymore, but they are reliable.","Yeah. The banks do extremely well. You and I could sit back and run those banks and be very, very wealthy, though, communist.","The government sets the interest rates and so the banks can make a lot money. And if you're a Chinese person, you can't really get much of your capital out of the country. So where else are you going to put it?","One of the problems with the banks is that they tend to invest in state-owned enterprises. It's kind of part of their job, and it's less risky. But most of the jobs in China are really produced by private enterprise, as they are here in the United States. And it's much harder for them to get capital. So people are, in many ways, feelings that the economy is out of whack in a number ways and that there need to be some serious changes. The government knows this, but there are now very strong vested interests in state-owned enterprises and the banks. And so getting that done is not going to be easy politically."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The government is aware of the issues with state-owned enterprises and banks, but it will be difficult to make changes due to vested interests","questions":"Which interests?","answer":"house"}
{"text":["Now, the netting, as I understand it, is not expensive - I mean, a scintilla of what a relief pitcher earns annually.","I think that's right, yeah.","But on the other hand, I mean, these modern stadiums that are being built want to get the fans close to the action.","Oh, absolutely. I mean, you've been very lucky as a Cubs fan. You've always had Wrigley Field, which is an intimate stadium. And that's what these new stadiums are trying to recreate. Even Yankee Stadium, if you go on their website today, Scott, they actually tout the fact that home plate is 27 feet closer than in the old Yankee Stadium."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: The new stadiums are trying to recreate a similar atmosphere as the old Wrigley Field which was an intimate stadium.","questions":"What is the goal of modern stadiums being built?","answer":"Replicate"}
{"text":["I know it does.","How you doing, Tony?","I'm doing great. Listen, you heard the conversation we just had with Dave Zirin about the intersection of sports and politics. Do you agree with the basic premise that it's an issue that is ongoing and ever changing?","Oh, yeah. Absolutely, you know, Dave makes great points. What I thought was very interesting, Tony, was before the Olympics, LeBron James was going to become very interested, you know, about slave trade, and slavery in Africa. And he was making some points, saying I really want to do this, I think I'm going to do it, I think I'm going to speak out, and by the time they got to the Olympics, Tony, they had sat on LeBron. And suddenly he had changed his tune, he was well, this is nothing but sports, and we just want to keep it to sports. And to me, once again, it reinforces this whole idea of here you've got this team of multi-millionaires led by LeBron and Kobe, and these guys basically were intimidated. They were intimidated into not saying anything. So yeah, sports is very political by definition, and by the absence of it. It's just a phenomenal contradiction."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"I'm doing great\" is just a response to the question in order to lead into the conversation. Tony appears by the conversation to be a bit upset or excited","questions":"Which issue is Dave Zirin discussing with PersonB in turn 2?","answer":"Intersection"}
{"text":["And he met a tragic end, I gather.","Yup. Much like Martin Luther King, he had his young life cut short by gunfire from a white assassin.","I don't understand how America doesn't know so much about him and why Philadelphia took so long to recognize him.","I think part of it is that in the decades after reconstruction, there was almost a big version of what we might now call a white backlash. America got into the birth of a nation era when that movie depicted Klansmen as heroes and black leaders of reconstruction as morons and sexual predators when in fact there's this whole rich history that lots of good historians have started to dig out in the last few decades of black political activists who even began their activism right at the tail end of slavery."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meanings of these turns are: (2) Martin Luther King was killed by a white assassin; (3) America doesn't understand or appreciate the contributions of black leaders during Reconstruction; (4) America's history of racism and white supremacy has been ignored or minimized for many decades.","questions":"What era was America in when the movie \"Birth of a Nation\" depicted Klansmen as heroes and black leaders of reconstruction as morons and sexual predators?","answer":"birth-of-a-nation"}
{"text":["So the root stocks that people today associated with French wines came from another country?","One part of the genetic signature is of the domesticated grape. And then as the domesticated grape travels across the Mediterranean, you get crosses with wild grapes because the wild Eurasian grape, Vitis vinifera, it grows all along the southern coast or along the Mediterranean. So as you get - bring in the domesticated grape vine, you know, starting over in, you know, the area of Lebanon today, and you move across to Crete and Greece and then on to Italy, you're getting crosses between that domesticated vine and the wild grapes that are growing there.","And so you get a whole series of cultivars springing up, and those are the ones that then, you know, get chosen for different reasons. It could be the color of the grape, it could be the thinness of the skin, the sugar, flavor and so forth. But the grapevine is very promiscuous. So it crosses quite easily.","Can you tell from the residue whether the wine was red or white that was in there?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : springing up means to suddenly appear or to suddenly happen.","questions":"What does \"springing up\" mean?","answer":"Appear"}
{"text":["There are some conversations, some talks. Robert Townsend actually came to the opening, it was like, you know this is a movie, right?You know, this is a movie?You realize this is a movie?I'm like, yeah, I think it is, I think it is.","So, there's conversations about it, but I want people to come out now, and see it in this incarnation, because it's original story telling form. Very much John Leguizamo, I dance in the show, I become 15, 20 different characters, and I actually dip into some other guys. I actually look like the people when I do them. I actually have the elasticity to flip my face up, and be like, wait a minute, he kind of looks like a whole different human being now. The chameleon is here.","All right, on that note, Don, thanks so much.","Thank you so much. Everybody, come on out."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : John Leguizamo has the ability to transform into different characters during his performance.","questions":"Which performer has the \"elasticity\" to transform into different characters during the show?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["You've got lots of reasons to be concerned about this economy, not the least of which is the fact that the Federal Reserve Chair Ben Bernanke has done yet another interest rate cut. And the question is, how many more cuts can he do?He has so many arrows in his quiver.","So, we're looking at a very fragile economy. And certainly, the employment piece is the most important piece for most Americans because most people don't have trust funds or extra money. Many who do have home equity have it tapped out. The way that 90 percent of us support ourselves is that we work every day, and increasing numbers of people don't have employment opportunities.","When you look at what's happening right now, there were - there have been times when there are certain, you know, white collar jobs that have really gotten hit hard, I'm thinking of the computer industry, the technology industry in the '90s when there was that dot bomb era. But is this really, for now, more of a blue collar job loss or is it mixed?","It's really a mixed bag. You see many corporations who are downsizing, they call it rightsizing, who are cutting even if it's by as little as 5 percent, Farai, it adds up. We see state governments also looking at a drop in revenue coming in because of a drop in tax revenue, and they are thinking of cutting in \u2014 may have already done some cutting."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"downsizing\" and \"rightsizing\" are both euphemisms for cutting jobs or reducing the size of a company, rather than referring to physically reducing the size of something.","questions":"What are \"rightsizing\" and \"downsizing\" referring to?","answer":"Job"}
{"text":["Yeah, indeed. Tell us about the damage from the storm. And were people prepared?","You know, people had evacuated low-lying coastal areas that are prone to flooding and that were in danger of a storm surge that would come from a hurricane like this. So people were prepared. But it looks like the main issue is going to be flooding. Here in downtown Mobile, some streets are underwater. South of here in some neighborhoods, there were some high-water rescues overnight - people who lived along waterways stranded in their homes where there are floodwaters.","And as you mentioned earlier, like, something - like, more, than 100,000 people out of power. And this is over a wide area - Mississippi, Alabama and then the Florida Panhandle, as well. So now it's time to sort of see what the damage is and what's next. And this storm is still moving. So there are going to be impacts felt for the rest of the day.","Just briefly - we have about 30 seconds left - are there enough resources to cope with all these disasters?It's been such an intense hurricane season."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Over 100,000 people are without power due to the storm","questions":"Which resource is impacted due to the storm?","answer":"Resources"}
{"text":["Well, actually, we - there's three records on the chart, the chart of this year. Within the top of 30, you have Flo Rida, and then there - a couple of other songs that were charting this year were Alicia Keys and one by Timbaland with \"One Republic. \"","So, you know, in the - if you look at the top ten, one thing I'm happy about in terms of grading on the curve, if you look at the top ten, every decade that this chart has touched, is represented here. We have one from the 50s, and we also have the '60s, '70s, '80s, and '90s, and this decade represented.","But yeah, there's ample representation of recent hits here. One from this decade in the top 10 being by Mariah Carey, \"We Belong Together. \"","All right, what is changing about the music game with digital distribution?Does it affect how people buy singles, and what might be on the top 100 in the next 50 years?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is referring to the top 30 songs on the chart, not just three.","questions":"How many songs are mentioned in the top 30 chart?","answer":"Chart"}
{"text":["The rules were meant to give people more control over the data that the Internet providers collect about them. Telecom and cable companies were supposed to start getting explicit consent from customers before selling some of the more sensitive information, things related to finances or health. And there were other requirements for increased transparency and security.","So they were going to have to get your actual consent before they could sell that information, right?","The technical term was opt in.","So given that those rules won't be going into effect, does that mean, let's say, my Internet provider - say Comcast - can sell to an advertiser a package that says here's what Lulu Garcia-Navarro reads online and watches on TV?","Well, so practically that's unlikely. You might have seen some stories of activists pouncing back against the lawmakers who repealed the rules. Folks were raising tons of money online, tens of thousands of dollars, to presumably buy the browsing history and other data about those lawmakers themselves - sort of you sold our privacy, well, we will buy yours. But that's not exactly how this market works. You can't go to Comcast and say, give me everything you've got on Senator Jeff Flake. And frankly, the advertisers don't really sit around and say, let's go after Lulu or Alina. They say, let's go after all women in a particular age group in the Washington area, and then, they buy ad targeting for individuals in that cohort.","OK. So what data do Internet providers actually collect then?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Literally, the turn means that activists were raising money to buy the browsing history and other data about lawmakers who repealed the rules, and that advertisers do not target individuals but rather a specific group.","questions":"How do advertisers target individuals?","answer":"Cohort"}
{"text":["Yeah, bubbly jock. And an owl is a hoolet. And that, again, is based on the sound that it makes. And - but my favorite is a wood pigeon, is a cushie-doo.","That is an absolutely dead-on approximation of its sound.","Isn't it lovely?So a frog is a puddock and sparrow is a speug. So I've never used speug in a sentence, but when I was a boy, we used puddock. So I don't go around trying to convince everybody that my culture's better than theirs, but sometimes it suits my face better. It sits nicely in my mouth.","And explaining your culture, it goes with the way you do your material. You don't tell jokes, per se."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : material in this context means the way someone performs","questions":"What does PersonA use to describe a sparrow?","answer":"Speug"}
{"text":["Well, let's talk about the forecasting because one of the amazing parts of sort of science of this story was that hours before, the National Weather Service locally issued a warning that there might be a tornado. And it was pretty spot-on, it sounded like.","Yeah. You know, even days before. I mean, with this region was under the gun, we had outlooks noting this particular area would be prone to these types of storms on that particular date. Even that day, as you noted, some of our high resolution models indicated the possibility of tornadic storms. I know the National Weather Service put out some public communications, even warning, I think, somewhere around 11, 11:30, noontime hour that there was a possibility of storms later that afternoon. And even special warnings for schools.","So I want to give out a shout out to the colleagues and members of AMS there working at the National Weather Service and in the broadcast community because they were on top of it from the beginning. And I want to also emphasize that the Weather Service put out warnings 16 minutes before the storm even touched down. The average warning time these days is around 13 to 15 minutes, and that's up from five minutes in 1990. So although to many in the public that doesn't sound like a lot, that's actually above average so - and even more time before the storm reached Moore.","Talking with Marshall Shepherd, president of the American Meteorological Society. I'm Flora Lichtman, and this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. So what accounts for this change, this bettering of our prediction time?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The forecast for the tornado warning was exactly right for the place and time it issued it.","questions":"How was the National Weather Service's forecasting for the tornado warning?","answer":"Spot-on"}
{"text":["I assume, Sean, you're not going to have anyone there kind of pulling in the CNN-type touchscreen - pulling up results from various provinces. When might we get a really solid indication of who the next president of Afghanistan will be?","You're right. It is going to take some time here. We should start to get some basic, preliminary results in the coming days. But the actual count won't be completed until April 20. But once that's released, there's going to be several weeks of challenges, and a period where another body evaluates fraud and complaints and challenges from candidates. And May 14th is when the final, certified results of today's vote will actually be released. And most analysts are convinced that there's no chance any of the candidates will get more than 50 percent of the vote today, which means the top two candidates will go to a runoff, probably to be held sometime in June; meaning, we're looking at sometime late summer, early fall, actually, before we know who the next president of Afghanistan's going to be.","NPR's Sean Carberry in Kabul. Thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"the actual count won't be completed until April 20\" is meant literally as it refers to the official count of the votes.","questions":"How long until the final, certified results of the vote are released?","answer":"May"}
{"text":["And it's not just the president who's criticizing him. He's facing a lot of pressure from Republicans on the Hill, as well. Is that right?","That's very much so. McCabe was dragged up to Capitol Hill twice last week. He spent around eight hours testifying behind closed doors for the House Intelligence Committee. That was about Russia. And he spent a little more than eight hours with the House Oversight and House Judiciary Committees a few days later talking about the Clinton matter.","Now, there's one thing in particular that Republicans want to talk to McCabe about, and that's a senior FBI agent by the name of Peter Strzok, who's been in the news a lot. He worked on both the Mueller probe and the Clinton investigation, and he sent highly charged, politically charged text messages about Trump. Now, Strzok was removed from the Russia investigation, but those text messages have given Republicans a lot of ammunition for their allegations of political bias.","With about 30 seconds left, what sort of effect does all of this criticism from the president, from Republicans on the Hill have on the FBI?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : McCabe faced intense questioning and scrutiny by Republicans.","questions":"What is the name of the FBI agent that Republicans want to talk to McCabe about?","answer":"Peter"}
{"text":["The letters A-A-P-L no longer stand for the most valuable publicly-traded company in the world. The price for a share of Apple, Inc.  declined throughout the week, until Exxon reclaimed the top spot on the NASDAQ. Now, this news comes after Apple posted revenues that were lower than expected. And meanwhile, that other tech giant, Samsung, has been growing even larger. Samsung had a record-breaking report of its quarterly profits this week. Joe Nocera joins us - an op-ed columnist for the New York Times and financial expert. He joins us from Sag Harbor, New York. Joe, thanks for being with us.","Thanks for having me, Scott. And how the mighty have fallen.","Well, all right. First, let's take a measure of that. Exactly how huge was Apple last year?","Apple was by far the most valuable company in the world, far exceeding Exxon and everybody else. Its stock has tumbled not quite in half but it's basically gone from the low-700s to the mid-400s, and in the blink of an eyelash. It's really been very, very quick - the last maybe three months this has taken place.","Now, all of this, you know, being said, the reported profits this week are on the scale that a lot of companies would envy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"I don't think it's my place to say\" could imply that the speaker wants to avoid offending someone or getting involved in a situation they don't want to be part of.","questions":"What does the PersonA's turn 1 imply about their willingness to get involved?","answer":"Reluctance"}
{"text":["Exactly. He's betting on this, and he's No. 1 in the polls.","I gather you were a protester in 2011. Do you believe these democratic elections are going to come closer to realizing the dreams that brought you into the protest movement?","I'm not thinking that these elections in 2019 will change anything major. But on the grand scheme of things, we're showing to the people in the Arab world that they can be free. We are writing this beautiful story of an Arab Muslim country that is able to sustain its democracy, that has a president that died. And after 48 days from his passing, we're having the elections being prepared, as the constitution mentioned. We didn't see a single boot (ph) in the street, no gunshots - nothing - no coups.","And we need the U. S.  and other allies to just realize that whatever we're doing here is a blueprint for the region as well."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They need the countries to realize this is the way things should be done in other countries.","questions":"What is the message that the speaker wants other countries to understand?","answer":"Message"}
{"text":["Colin Powell - not one black candidate on the ticket, but two. That would be remarkable.","Well, let's also remember Colin Powell is a Republican. He would establish a kind of bipartisan bridge. And if you want to say, yes, it's a ticket of two African-Americans, which it would be, it is already a ticket of one African-American. So people who have perhaps a problem with that might not necessarily have that much more of a problem with two.","And I think that the advantage that it would have would be to say, we're kind of, in a sense, taking race off the table here. We're not talking about electing the first black president. We're asking you to vote for Barack Obama and Colin Powell and look at those two individuals.","It's a really interesting suggestion, I would imagine that a number of Democrats would say, wait a minute, he was on the wrong side on Iraq. Plus, we've got our own guys. We want a Democrat, a real Democrat. Who's out there?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Framing the ticket as Barack Obama and Colin Powell instead of the first black president could take race off the table.","questions":"Which issue could be avoided by framing the ticket as Barack Obama and Colin Powell instead of the first black president?","answer":"Race"}
{"text":["It's far worse than that. The assumption that Social Security numbers were compromised was there at the beginning, but, you know, OPM has sort of slow-rolled how bad this really is. And what has been compromised includes security clearance information, background investigation information for millions of past and present employees across the U. S.  government, including the Pentagon and the intelligence community. This is really, really bad.","And, potentially, how could this information be used?","Well, this is very personal information, as anyone who's ever had a security clearance could tell you. This involves - especially at the higher levels of classification that are needed - very detailed personal information about lifestyle habits, anything you've done wrong - things you probably wouldn't want other people to know about, frankly - if you've had addiction issues, financial problems, marital problems, partner problems.","So it could be used to blackmail a federal employee. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implies that this sensitive information could be used by malicious individuals to blackmail federal employees.","questions":"What kind of information could potentially be used to blackmail federal employees?","answer":"Personal"}
{"text":["The parallels between the two men were extraordinary, and, of course, I didn't know that when I started researching the story. But every step of the way, there was something else that was a mirror image. They both pursued lofty goals in childhood. They both suffered love and loss as young men. They both lost their wives and were left with infant daughters at very young ages. They both embraced public service, and they both emerged as leaders. And the thing is that in another more enlightened time, they could've held the other's job.","It is also interesting. We mentioned Frederick Douglass, obviously the first generation of African-American leaders in this country. He met with President Lincoln, was - discussed the race issue several times during the Civil War with him, and it is Booker T.  Washington who sort of picks up the mantle, along with W.  E.  B. Du Bois.","They did. But it was interesting to me that Booker T.  Washington and Du Bois came from completely different positions. Slavery was not a concept to Booker T.  Washington. He lived it. Whereas Du Bois grew up in Massachusetts and had a - was born free and had a completely different experience. It was really Booker T.  Washington's mission to lead his people out of slavery. He was actually called the Negro Moses, and it was Du Bois' mission to lead them into the 20th century. If they had been able to work together in concert, I think that what they would've achieved would've been remarkable.","Yet they had tensions, well, I think, that continue to this day."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of (4) is that the tensions between Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois are still relevant today. This is different from the literal meaning, which is that the two men had tensions.","questions":"How are the tensions between Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois relevant today?","answer":"Relevant"}
{"text":["And for some young women in those societies, it was that just order. Those kind of dashed hopes were exploited. And part of the appeal of ISIS, I think, in those early days in countries like Tunisia and for girls like Nour, was that there was no other way to be politically active, to be a feminist of any kind. It was the only door that was open.","I was about to mention the story of Nour. She was a high school dropout from Tunisia. And you make the point in the book that she was sort of rebelling against a secular state. And it was her way of expressing her female identity.","Exactly. So Nour grew up in a Tunisia that was highly authoritarian but secular. So Nour was religious. She wanted to cover her hair. She went to school wearing a headscarf. And she was thrown out of high school for that because the headscarf was banned in public spaces like that in Tunisia before the 2011 uprisings.","You described this shocking scene where she's actually attacked by her teacher."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It's not a door but an opportunity that becomes available to them.","questions":"Which word describes the way young women in societies with dashed hopes viewed the opportunity that ISIS offered?","answer":"B"}
{"text":[". . . which has its own problems. Arranged marriages are - people are speaking up for them nowadays.","Well, you know, I mean, that that is the time. The woman - he asked the hand of this woman, his late 20s. But this is also because of that, that you can have this kind of melodrama. I mean, \"Romeo and Juliet\" today, it cannot happen because if the father of Juliet today say to Juliet, you cannot marry Romeo; and she say, I don't care. And she will go out and marry him anyway. And if she marries him, then there is no more love story anymore. You know, they marry; then they had a - lots of children.","You know, imagine Romeo and Juliet and they have like, 12 kids. Who would care about their story, you know?","Romeo and Juliet go to Costco. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"But this is also because of that, that you can have this kind of melodrama.\" The literal meaning of this turn is difficult to determine because it is not grammatically correct. However, the actual meaning seems to be that the societal norms and traditions of the past allowed for dramatic love stories like Romeo and Juliet to occur, but modern society would not allow for such a story to unfold in the same way.","questions":"What is the reason behind the existence of melodramatic love stories like Romeo and Juliet?","answer":"Traditions"}
{"text":["Exactly, exactly.","How often does this happen?This is quite rare, is it not?","Yeah, we haven't had an annular eclipse in the United States since 1994, and this is part of what's called a sero-cycle(ph) that repeats itself every 18 years, 11 days and six hours - but who's counting that?But it repeats itself very precisely, and so we'll have another eclipse just like this 18 years, 11 days and six hours from now.","And in a couple of weeks, there's going to be another big sky show, right?The Transit of Venus. Tell us about that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This is a rare event that happens every 18 years","questions":"How often does the annular eclipse happen?","answer":"Every"}
{"text":["Midterm elections are always a little tricky for pollsters. What do polls about national issues and inclinations mean when control the House and Senate will be decided district by district and state by state?But this time around, there's even less data and fewer polls to analyze. NPR's Domenico Montanaro joins us. Thanks very much for being with us, Domenico.","Always a pleasure. Thank you.","Fewer polls?","Yeah. There are fewer polls this time around, and that is a real problem. I mean, when you look at the fact that newspaper readership at a local level is dwindling, their revenue is being cut, they were the ones who used to fund a lot of these polls, especially in congressional districts. And on a statewide level, there are dozens of fewer polls. So take them all with a grain of salt."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the accuracy of polls during midterm elections is already questionable due to the nature of the district and state-by-state voting process.","questions":"How are polls affected during midterm elections?","answer":"MAJORITY"}
{"text":["Four. Four. We have two children.","You're a fam of four. And you are in the hospital, all four of you?","Were in the hospital, yes.","So what do you plan to do when the storm stops?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A has two children and B is confirming the family size, but also asking if they are all in the hospital together.","questions":"How many children does PersonA have?","answer":"Two"}
{"text":["It's a love letter to my mother. I love my mother very, very much. She gave me everything. She was a wonderful mother. She gave me the most magnificent childhood in Edinburgh, and she had no pattern for that. She was suffering so much as a child. She was kept very closeted. Nobody ever told her anything of love. She was very, very solitary, lonely and unhappy child. And yet she invented herself and became this wonderful mother to me.","And at the same time, I felt that her version of events, which was utter doom and terrible villainy, couldn't necessarily be completely true because everybody's version of their story is slightly different.","Of course.","And so I wanted to turn it and turn it like a kaleidoscope to see whether I could see what these people's motives really were. And was it so terrible?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning is that the speaker wants to examine the motives behind the actions of the people involved in the events. The implied meaning is that the speaker is questioning whether their mother's version of events was accurate and whether the motives behind the actions were as terrible as their mother portrayed them to be.","questions":"What is the speaker questioning in turn 3?","answer":"Motives"}
{"text":["Good. So, you received about 8,500 questions in your Explainer inbox over the year, and it's your job to go through all of these and pick the ones that you then allow your readers to vote on for their top pick. Can you give us a sample of what's on the ballot?","Well, there's a wide range of questions. For example, one person asks, can an average person not in politics get a pardon from the president of the United States?","Good question.","Which is a - yeah, a question that we've actually gotten quite a few times, especially as Bush gets ready to leave office. But then this particular reader adds in parenthesis, possession of a forged instrument, October of 1989."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : top pick usually means the number one choice","questions":"What is the significance of the term \"top pick\" in the dialogue?","answer":"Number"}
{"text":["How embarrassing. How. . .","I love how you mention the head rag because it's like. . .","Exactly.","In my family, it was like - it's a disgrace to the race when you leave the house with your head rag."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Wearing a head rag is seen as a negative reflection on the race.","questions":"What kind of reflection does wearing a head rag have on the race according to PersonB's family?","answer":"Reflection"}
{"text":["Well, it's just so different as to be almost unrecognizable to everything else they ever do. Well, first of all, there are over 4,000 credentialed members of the media. I have met many of these people, and I question their credentials. (Soundbite of laughter) But aside from the crush and the demands on their time, it is a weird travel schedule.","For a regular game, there is usually a week between games in the NFL. And a team will arrive in the visiting team's city usually, maybe, a day before the game. Here they arrive almost a week before the game. And that is just to accommodate the fact that the Super Bowl is this huge corporate affair, this huge media affair. So it's interviews and a little bit of practice, and interviews and a little bit of practice. And if a team losses focus, it could really hurt them come Sunday.","It sounds like a pretty intense week. Now, let's say I were a betting woman. Does this kind of hectic schedule favor one team over the other?","Well, you know, even if you weren't a betting woman, even if you were someone with, you know, who lives and dies with the Steelers or who bleeds Cardinals Burgundy - I think there probably are people like that - you might say that the Pittsburgh Steelers might have the edge, because in general, they are the more experienced team, having been to and won a Super Bowl just three years ago."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Lives and dies\" and \"bleeds Burgundy\" are not literal. They just refer to someone being a huge fan of the team.","questions":"How are \"lives and dies\" and \"bleeds Burgundy\" used in turn 3?","answer":"Metaphorically"}
{"text":["Yup. And then, suddenly, it came back, and then it went back down. And they scratched their heads for quite a while. And finally, what they realized is that there was so much radiation there that it was doing what's called saturating the detector. So it just couldn't count anymore. It was just overwhelmed. And then when they would go out of the radiation belts, it would come back down to a reasonable level that it was designed for, and it would start counting again. And so it took them a little while to figure that out. But once they did, that was the discovery of the radiation belts.","And now we have the probes to follow up. Thanks, Craig Kletzing, for joining us today.","You're very welcome. Thanks for having me.","Craig Kletzing is a professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Iowa."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The discovery of the radiation belts was a result of a long process of understanding what was causing the detector to be overwhelmed by radiation.","questions":"How did they discover the radiation belts?","answer":"Detector"}
{"text":["Basically. Well, what hydrogen does is at soon as it escapes into the atmosphere it starts bonding with whatever it can find. You know either hydrocarbons or oxygen to create water or whatever. It doesn't sit in the environment once it leaks out, for example, out of a tank or whatever. It doesn't sit there, you know, waiting for something to happen. It moves very quickly, where as something like gasoline by comparison, does not do that.","How do you compare in terms of, you know, environmental impact and cost these developing hydrogen cars to hybrids like the Toyota Prius?","We'll, we're seeing things like the Prius that are already on the road and there are a number of other hybrids. We're developing a hybrid which will be on the road next year as well. Hydrogen is still in the development phase and so we're still a ways away from having vehicles on the road. So it's a little tough to make a direct cost comparison. I mean, the fleet of 100 hydrogen-powered seven series cars we've got on the road now were obviously very expensive to develop and to build just because of their very unique nature.","Who's your market?I mean, BMW is known a very quality brand, but that also means that your price point is probably above that of a lot of working folks who are commuters. So who do you find is your market?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : BMW's market for their cars is not working-class commuters.","questions":"What is the target market for BMW's cars?","answer":"Quality"}
{"text":["We've got two foreign vessels in Iranian custody. We've got one Iranian tanker in British custody and no sign of the tensions cooling off. So what happens next is the big question and a lot of the options are not that great. I mean, remember, this is all happening in the context of the Trump administration's maximum pressure campaign against Iran.","Trump has been saying the return of American sanctions on Iran and other pressures are all designed to force Iran back to the negotiating table to hammer out a tougher version of the 2015 nuclear agreement - that's the one Trump pulled the U. S.  out of. So far, Iran's unanimous response from the military to the supreme leader has been, nope, Iran doesn't negotiate under pressure. We're not going to do it. So we'll have to see if this continuation of commercial vessels being seized in the Persian Gulf adds more pressure for some kind of international response.","That's NPR's Peter Kenyon in Istanbul.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The table simply means that Iran is being forced to return to negotiations.","questions":"Which response did Iran give to the pressure?","answer":"nope"}
{"text":["They're using bank loans at a 15-year low. That is a response to tightening lender standards and so small business owners are increasingly turning to credit cards to finance their businesses which are obviously have much more high and volatile interest rates. It's one of the reason we've been advocating for credit card reform. Because of the acesss and restrictions to credit card capital, they're not expanding their businesses, hiring new employees, cutting back on business travel. You know, it runs the whole gamut.","So if these aren't expanding and they are having trouble getting loans to expand, what does that mean for their employees?","I'm not sure that it's come to the point yet that many are cutting back on employees, although some percentage is. But you know, I think a lot of small businesses are not hiring new employees at the moment, just sort of bunkering down and hoping to weather through this economic storm.","So, if I'm a small business and I need a loan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Runs the whole gamut means that it covers all the options.","questions":"What does \"runs the whole gamut\" mean?","answer":"Covers"}
{"text":["And what did the colleges say - the ones that were offering you these football scholarships?Did you talk to them about the possibility of head injuries?And what was their response?","Well, some of the coaches kind of - they kind of shrugged it off. They said, we've only had a couple concussions with our guys over the past years, and we have new helmets and pads that prevent these injuries, and - just trying to kind of downplay it a little bit, you know?","So you've now decided to play basketball, I read. Did you know that basketball was going to give you the same opportunities?","No, I didn't, actually. You know, I thought - you know, it was a possibility. We were kind of going into it blind, hoping we could - you know, my family and I, when I say we - we could get some money."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Task Don't just paraphase the words! Find the implicated meaning! We don't want answers like: to be silent means stay quiet and not making noise, bad answer!  Please read the examples above carefully!      (1)\tA:\tThat's right.She's protesting and enlisting the support of past Republican nominees and other leaders on her behalf.But the threshold was finishing top three in Iowa or pulling in the top six in New Hampshire or top six nationally.And she fell short in all those metrics. (2)\tB:\tWhat do you foresee tonight? (3)\tA:\tIn a sense, there are still two tiers.You've got Donald Trump and Ted Cruz at the top.And then the three remaining governors, Jeb Bush, Chris Christie and John Kasich, all chasing the fastest-rising star of the field, Marco Rubio.Now, Ben Carson will be there - maybe something of an afterthought, although it will be interesting to see if he calls out Ted Cruz for Cruz's campaign telling people that Carson was dropping out on Monday just before the caucuses began.There's been a bit of a controversy over that.And Trump has said that it taints Cruz's victory there. (4)\tB:\tThe downside to getting more attention, like Marco Rubio, is more criticism.And he seems to get more direct criticism from his opponents as he rises in the polls.  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1)  (2)  (3)  (4)","questions":"Which threshold did she fail to meet?","answer":"Metrics"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So what originally did the Consumer Product Safety Commission say was wrong with this stroller?","They were concerned about the front wheel of the stroller. It's a three-wheeled stroller, and they were concerned with the wheel falling off suddenly. It's attached to the stroller with a quick release, the same thing that attaches the wheels on bicycles. And so parents would be out running, jogging with their strollers, their kid in the middle. And the wheel would spontaneously fall off.","So the agency spent months investigating. And in 2017, they decided that Britax should recall the stroller, that it wasn't safe. And they even sued to try and force the company to recall the stroller. Tell us why that didn't happen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"So what originally did the Consumer Product Safety Commission say was wrong with this stroller?\" is a question that asks for specific information about the stroller. Its meaning is also literal and straightforward.","questions":"Which question is literal and straightforward?","answer":"Wrong"}
{"text":["So, you know, Emily, when your sister is in and out of the hospital, and you're bringing her books, you talk about teaching her about emotions. Can you just give an example of what you mean by that?Like, what is a conversation you had to have with your sister?","Well, it mostly happened, like, your emotions are biological events that happen in your body. It's physiological, real. Emotions are not just in your head. They are all over your body, in your chemistry. So she's reading these books, and she sees the word rage on the page and spontaneously bursts into sobs. And she calls me on the phone, and is like, your book here says that feelings are physical.","I was like, you're a choral conductor who expresses emotion through your body. You practice yoga. And she still, sort of, had not put it together that just because you've dealt with the stressors, that doesn't mean that you've dealt with the physical event of the stress in your body.","One of the lessons in your book is about completing the stress cycle. I loved this analogy of yours, this idea of a lion. Explain the concept of completing the stress cycle through the lion, Emily."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Managing stress requires dealing with its physical effects on the body.","questions":"What is the key to managing stress?","answer":"Completing"}
{"text":["After Army Private First Class Brian Orolin returned from Afghanistan in 2011, his wife, Donna, could tell something wasn't quite right. He became paranoid. He suffered constant headaches and would isolate himself in his bedroom with the lights dimmed. And then on November 19, Brian left his wife and two children in Spring, Texas. He has been missing ever since.","At StoryCorps, Donna Orolin remembered the day he returned from Afghanistan.","He was literally the last person off the plane, and he was just so excited to see his daughters. I dressed the girls up and put little bows in their hair with his unit on them. And I put a sign out front that said welcome home, Specialist Orolin. He just couldn't wait to be dad - husband again, but then, things were different.","We used to hold hands all the time before he left. When he came back, he didn't like to be touched, so I had to remind myself to not rub his back, not sneak up behind him and give him hugs. And pretty much his sense of purpose was gone. He would say that he was just going to go away somewhere some day and disappear, and we'd never find him."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : implies that Donna is reflecting on the day Brian returned from Afghanistan and feeling emotional about it;","questions":"What was the sign that Donna put out front when Brian returned from Afghanistan?","answer":"Welcome"}
{"text":["Exactly.","At the same time, she's this very sassy character. And, you know, so many of the characters here are very, you know, just sexy, kind of contemporary figures. And there's a joie-de-vivre about this, and even though she touches on a lot of heavy themes, including race and patriotism, there's a certain sass to this. Is that what attracted you to her work?","Well, I was astounded at her work. I was actually looking for something else in her cartoon that is in the late '40s. Most of her cartooning was done in the late '40s and early '50s. This one year of '37 was kind of a little different thing.","I was looking for evidence of a doll. I knew that she created a doll, and I thought I could find some evidence of that in her cartoons. And then yeah, I found the doll, but then I went on to see all of the different topics that she took on, and that got fascinating."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A's turn contains figurative language. The phrase \"looking for evidence of a doll\" is not meant to be taken literally. The speaker is referring to the fact that they were searching for any visual or textual reference to the doll that the artist had created.","questions":"What is PersonA referring to when they say they were \"looking for evidence of a doll\"?","answer":"Visual"}
{"text":["We also heard singer-songwriter Ben Harper on that track. He wrote most of the songs on this album. He produced it. How did you two meet?Why do you think you clicked with him?","Well, Ben had written me a song for one of my other albums - \"Livin' On A High Note. \"And that song was \"Love And Trust\"","(Singing) Do what you can. Do what you must. Everybody's trying to find some love and trust. I walk the line. I walk it for us. See me out here trying to find some love and trust.","I fell so in love with that song. And every time we'd sing it, the audience - they would just roar, you know. It turned out so well. So I - we'd been singing it for a couple of years then. I ran into Ben on the road. That's where we would always meet up - somewhere on the road. And I told him. I said, Ben, that song - you have got to write me another song. He said, well, Mavis, why don't I write you 11 songs?I said, why don't you do that?He said, let's make an album. I said, sounds good to me. You know, I said, I don't know if I could handle 11 good songs from Ben Harper. He said, oh, yeah, you can handle it, Mavis."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  Ben Harper wrote a song for A in the past and that's how they first met.","questions":"Which album did Ben Harper write a song for A?","answer":"Livin"}
{"text":["You know, I heard - I heard myself say that and thought maybe I should rethink that phrase. The reunification of the country would've been another way of saying it.","Well, it's just interesting to me - and I have no opinion on it - there are members of the Vietnamese Diaspora who refer to it as the fall. They refer to the month of April as Black April so there's definitely that camp. There's another camp that says normalizing relations between Vietnam and France and the United States and these kinds of things is good for Vietnam. And I think the thing that I'm most interested in, it's the idea of possibility and how so much can change in 40 years.","Yeah.","You know, I was there, like I said, three weeks ago. And there's tourists from all over the world - there are Russians, you know, they are people in Germany. Who would have thought 40 years ago that this would have been impossible for me and for these Russians and for all these people to be here in Vietnam?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn (2) implies that the speaker has no opinion on the subject but is interested in hearing the opinions of others and is marveling at the idea of how much can change in 40 years.","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion on the idea of possibility in relation to the changes that have occurred in Vietnam over the last 40 years?","answer":"Possibility"}
{"text":["Well, I've said for a long time that I think the president needs an assistant to the president for Twitter control. And once again, we have an example of why you would want that. In this case though, I have to say, when I first read the tweet, you know, you're just shocked. I was shocked at the the mayor's speech last night begging for help and saying that people were dying. That was heartbreaking to hear. But this feels to me like it fits in a theme that he has had for a while starting with his inaugural, which is to side on the side of the forgotten people. In this case, he names the military, the first responders and the aid workers.","Yeah. But nobody feels more forgotten than the people of Puerto Rico.","And - yeah. I was gonna say, and the people of Puerto Rico - versus what he sees as the elite, which would be the mayor and questioning the mayor's poor leadership ability - can't get workers to help, was told to be nasty to Donald Trump is in the tweet also. And this fits with his M. O. of going against the elites. And this fits with the rest of the news this week as well. I'm not surprised.","Is the Trump administration failing Puerto Rico now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The president is trying to prioritize the needs of those who have been forgotten by society.","questions":"Which group is the president trying to prioritize?","answer":"people"}
{"text":["No, not at all. And I've been pretty much apolitical my entire adult life. But this election is obviously quite different than previous presidential elections. So I just thought - I thought it was necessary to jump in and use my voice.","Why?","The prospects of Donald Trump being president just scare the hell out of me. And that's coming after having initially, you know, supported him and hoped that he would be 180 degrees different from what he turned out to be.","I mean, am I wrong?I seem to remember there was a time when you offered to be the running mate for either of them.","Oh, sure. Yeah, a lot of that was a little bit tongue-in-cheek. I didn't really expect that to happen. But, you know, there was a time when Donald first got into the race where I would talk to him on the phone."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"use my voice\" - This is a metaphorical expression that means to speak out and express one's opinions.","questions":"Which expression is used metaphorically to mean \"to speak out and express one's opinions\"?","answer":"Voice"}
{"text":["We're talking about huge issues here like, you know, what's the difference between the generations, between the Vietnam war generation and the younger generation?What's the role of African Americans in leadership in society?Is there a glass ceiling for women to break through?These are huge societal issues and they're being represented by these larger than life candidates.","Speaking of archetypes and demographics when it came to the primary season, how did Senator McCain stack up not just against Senator Obama, but also Senator Clinton?","Yeah, absolutely. The best way to see the primary campaign, you know, the first five months of this year is really too see it as a three-way race rather than a two-way race. And basically the major contest was between the young, attractive, good-speaking oratorical black man and the experienced glass-ceiling breaking woman, and the wily grizzled vets came in, sort of had a third place role there, but nevertheless got some coverage. If you rank - once ranked the number of minutes that they got, Obama got most of the - Rodham Clinton got second, and McCain got about half as much as Obama got.","All right. Just very briefly, what do you see ahead in terms of the parity or lack thereof for Obama and McCain?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Senator McCain's demographic characteristics were compared to Senator Obama and Senator Clinton.","questions":"How was Senator McCain compared to Senator Obama and Senator Clinton?","answer":"Compared"}
{"text":["Yeah. Moving on to Merriam-Webster. They've added 1,700 new words. I can't begin to keep up with that, but I do want to ask you about this one in particular - eggcorn?","Eggcorn. Maybe we should spell it. E-G-G-C-O-R-N. It's defined as a word or phrase that sounds like and is mistakingly used in what seems like a logical or plausible way for another word or phrase. It's been around since about 2003. It's a play on how some people say the word acorn, and a linguist thought, well, it makes a little bit of sense. An acorn looks kind of like an egg. Let's come up with a word for another word or phrase when it's reshaped but kind of makes a little bit of sense if you think about it. So here's a classic one - some people will say all intensive purposes when they mean all intents and purposes.","There's a website I found called the Eggcorn Database - has more than 600 of these. Some of my favorites include self-phone.","(Laughter). That's perfect, actually."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : All intensive purposes is actually a misused phrase for all intents and purposes.","questions":"Which phrase is mistakenly used in place of \"all intents and purposes\"?","answer":"Allintensivepurposes"}
{"text":["So what is this thing about turning Girl Scout cookies into graphene?","All right, we'll start with a little reminder about graphene. Graphene is just a form of carbon. It's a form of carbon people knew existed, but just about eight or so years ago, for the first time, people were able to get enough of it to actually look at it. It's the two-dimensional form. It's like a big sheet of chicken wire, that's the shape, and it's really hard to get.","The guys who figured it out did it in a goofy way, using pencil and scotch tape. When you write with a pencil, that stuff that comes off, that graphite, that's really sheets, and sheets and sheets of this thin stuff. But separating those, that was expensive.","The numbers you've tossed around show you how expensive. People have been able to do experiments. They've found all kinds of really interesting possibly valuable properties, but nothing, no industry is really going to start until they can make enough of this stuff cheaply to use it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : tossed around refers to putting ideas out there without much thought","questions":"How did PersonA describe the numbers that PersonB has mentioned?","answer":"Expensive"}
{"text":["Now, when we look at this, what they're doing, there was a - you know, in some ways perhaps a minor incident, but a telling one where the British publication, the Telegraph, reported online that the G8 leaders enjoyed a six course lunch followed by an eight course dinner. African leaders were not invited and of course they're talking about the global hunger situation. There was a lot of static about that. Do you think that, that was symbolic in any way or just, you know, big time world business as usual?","Well, Farai now you're going to draw the cynical side out of me. This was an incredibly stupid, careless move, by the G8 leaders where they basically seemed to have thought off camera they could do whatever they wanted to. And they demonstrated, for all to see, the contempt actually that they have towards the rest of the world.","That they basically - they see themselves, as in effect, the rulers of this planet. So, when they're on camera there'll be the tears, there'll be the concern. Off camera you saw this hideous example of consumption.","What do you think the G8 leaders should be doing in terms of an Africa agenda?I'm going to get to a couple of specific things, specific national issues of Zimbabwe and Nigeria in a second."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The G8 leaders showed disregard for global hunger by indulging in lavish meals without inviting African leaders.","questions":"Which leaders enjoyed a six course lunch followed by an eight course dinner?","answer":"G8"}
{"text":["That's a great question. Things are definitely improving in the eurozone. It is unfortunately too early to say that they're out of the woods or even completely out of their recession.","I gather that most of the growth appears to be centered in Germany and to a lesser degree France. And is this then just a case of work with the best economies to begin with getting a little bit better?","Well, Germany has been the better of the European economies, since they're getting a little bit better. France has struggled. Portugal had some good numbers last quarter. That's encouraging. But you're right, we are still deeply worried about other places, such as Italy, Spain and, of course, Greece.","Well, that brings up the question because unemployment still continues to be perniciously high in Spain and Greece. Does this improvement somehow filter through to them?","Well, it certainly will - should if it continues, but you need faster growth rates than this. The hope is that this is the beginning of a faster recovery. But the way the European economy is, roughly speaking, you need more than 1 percent per year annualized growth rate in order to reduce unemployment. Unemployment's very high. We want to be seeing on an annualized basis 2 percent, perhaps even 3 percent in this recovery phase in order to feel that they've really turned the corner.","You need greater growth to be able to spur greater hiring and to lower the unemployment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The eurozone is still in a precarious economic position and not fully recovered yet.","questions":"Which economic position?","answer":"Economy"}
{"text":["Yeah, it was. And you know, people did everything from bringing full-on sleeping bags to wearing what looked like, you know, fall clothes for a stroll in the park. People had very different strategies about what they were going to bring. They had very different understandings of what the security lines would let them bring in. There were huge piles of debris afterwards from things people couldn't bring onto the Mall. You know, it was organized chaos. I mean, it went off really smoothly considering, but there was certainly moments where people didn't completely know what to do, but there was no one who I've heard of who had a bad time. The only time that things are bad here is when you're trying to catch a taxi because there aren't any.","Well, you know, Metro police said there were no arrests, at least initially, as a result of all those people being there, which is remarkable in and of itself. You could have that large a crowd and everyone be that well behaved.","People were amazing. I saw these young brothers last night, and they were like, where's the Mall?And this is one o'clock in the morning. And I went, oh, there's not going to be any parking over there. They're like, we just drove from Chicago. Where's the Mall?I was like, that way. So, people just brought their A-game.","All right. Farai, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People were determined and enthusiastic despite the late hour and lack of parking.","questions":"How were people's attitudes towards attending the event?","answer":"Enthusiastic"}
{"text":["That was where I really developed my love for music. That was where all the walls and lines between music were just taken down for me when I was a kid because I just loved everything. I couldn't understand why everybody wouldn't listen to a country song, everybody wasn't listening to, you know, Rock n Rolls songs. I thought it was awesome.","Radio's gotten a lot more segregated since then, hasn't it?","Yeah. That's an understatement. I mean, the - today everything is so specialty oriented. It's one kind of music and that's all you get to hear on the radio and, you know, I liked it when I was a kid and you could hear anybody on the radio station as long as it was a good song or a hit.","So you go - you're in Hootie & the Blowfish, you have any number of talents and interests musically. \"Learn To Live\" is doing so well commercially. Your R&B record did not find quite the same home."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : LOVE FOR MUSIC AND RADIO HELPS MORE TO HEAR MUSIC LIKE COUNTRYSIDE MUSIC","questions":"How did the speaker feel about the walls and lines between music being taken down?","answer":"Awesome"}
{"text":["I also translated my previous novel, \"The Corpse Washer\" - I translated it from Arabic to English.","But with this novel, you chose to have someone else translate it into English. Why?","Well, in all honesty, the subject matter of the novel is quite intimate and has a lot to do with my own memories of my home city and what it means also to be an Iraqi living in the U. S.  and watching the - my new country bomb my homeland. So it's very traumatic. So when Jonathan Wright offered - as soon as the novel came out in Arabic, he offered to translate it. I - he's an experienced, excellent translator, so I said, why not, you know?","I think I hear you telling me you could not go through that story twice."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The traumatic memories of the author made it hard for him to translate the novel himself, so he had someone else do it","questions":"Which novel did the author choose to have someone else translate into English?","answer":"This"}
{"text":["Well, nearby, we had flooding was the most significant problem we had here. And one our neighbor's patios turned basically into a swimming pool and the water was pouring into her home. And we took the wet-vac up and towels and other neighbors brought mops and we all pitched in to get her at least toward the stages of recovery. Of course, that will continue. And the emergency officials in Oklahoma City reported they had as much as eight, 10, even 12 inches of rain in just, you know, four hours or so last night.","What are the recovery efforts like today, Kurt?","Canadian County, just to the west of Oklahoma City, looks like it was the hardest hit by the actual tornado. Now, the flooding seems to have been worse in the metro Oklahoma City area. The response will depend on what we see. Now, of course, we also still have all those people in, you know, the Shawnee area and Moore, Oklahoma, of course, and in Carney that were hit by storms May 19th and 20th. That recovery is going to be even more of a mess now too because of what happened last night.","Well, the sad fact is Oklahomans know how to do this, don't they?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The patio had a great deal of water on it that it could have been swum in.","questions":"What was the main problem with one of the neighbor's patios during the flooding?","answer":"Water"}
{"text":["Oh yes, in fact the conventional laser was only two years old, and it taught us that light could be coherent. But it didn't say anything about a semiconductor and whether the semiconductor would do this. And actually the furor started with Rediker's group from Lincoln Laboratories, MIT, reporting that they had gotten good spontaneous light out of gallium arsenide.","And then several of us went home and realized there ought to be a way to make that coherent, into a laser, and we did it. And - but I'm the guy that was crazy enough to make my own homemade alloy, which a lot of people didn't think would work, and shift it up to where the eye could see. And that's the whole basis of it.","Ah, did you - why did it take 50 years?","Well because these crystal systems are complicated, how to grow them is complicated. There are wrong methods and arguments about right ways to proceed, and it just - it's a zig-zag process. You make a bad move, and then you're going to make another move to find your way, and it just took a long while to get there."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Developing the semiconductor laser required experimentation and risk-taking.","questions":"How did the development of the semiconductor laser require effort?","answer":"Experimentation"}
{"text":["I think so. I mean, I think that these experiences, again, they tend to get spectacularized, you know, and day to day things like, you know, at other universities, it might not have had these types of you, know, well-known explosive incidents. Maybe like a University of Cape Town or University of Witwatersrand.","Still, you know, it's well known on those campuses that once the dorms of the residences are for blacks, once they integrated, white students moved out. They didn't perform those same sort of stunts, but they still, you know, walked out, in protest, that they didn't want to live, you know, side by side, with blacks.","So I think that, you know, when these incidents happen, you know, they kind of shed a light on something that's kind of insidious in a lot of different universities. And again, the message that gets sent is that we're not going backwards on this, you know, that we know it's going to take time. You know, we know that it's not going to happen overnight, but universities will be integrated spaces. This country will be an integrated country, where, again, black and whites have to live side by side with mutual respect.","Zine, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies the level of Racial discrimination on Campuses.","questions":"How does the dialogue shed light on discrimination?","answer":"Protesting"}
{"text":["Yes, absolutely.","What do you mean?","Well, I've been through a lot. People don't like talking about things that hurt. Usually we like to skip over that stuff because it brings up something that's unpleasant, but honestly it's the only way that I feel like some of those things have purpose because of somebody else's journey. And I really believe, you know, the quote from the Scriptures that says, all things work together for my good. All things work together for my good, not just the stuff I liked, not just the stuff that felt really great in the highs in my life that were wonderful, even not selling records has worked for my good because my ego is not in a place where you can't be in the same room with me and fit.","I'm not in a place that when I see an unwed mother at 17, that I go, she probably didn't have no mama that cared about her. I had a mama that cared and I could have been that girl. And because of knowing that it could have been me, when I see them the emphatically in heart is different than somebody else's who doesn't know what it's like to be that girl whose been manipulated and her innocence stolen from her. It was stolen from me, and I know what that feels like. And you feel by yourself, you feel damaged goods."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Talking about unpleasant things can have a purpose","questions":"Which quote from the Scriptures does the speaker mention, stating that all things work together for their good?","answer":"Scriptures"}
{"text":["So you say that some of his actions have been uncharacteristically un-Trumpian and that they're reminiscent of Obama. But what is Trumpian is that he's been conducting Syria policy over Twitter.","That's right, and he previewed the strikes. He said they were coming fast and smart. The missiles were coming. He then backtracked and said, maybe I haven't decided on a strike. And then, he tweeted something that really got everyone's attention. He said mission accomplished, which are two words that. . .","Very infamous words. . .",". . . George W.  Bush famously used. And he used them the last time we were involved in a Middle East conflict, declared it accomplished. And it turns out it wasn't."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mission accomplished doesn't necessarily mean that the mission was successful.","questions":"How did George W. Bush use the phrase \"Mission accomplished\"?","answer":"declarative"}
{"text":["I am. I am. Otherwise I would've been scared to go fishing at the fishing places I was going to. Or I would've been scared to go hang out with my friends at the end of this road in the field, like, you know I'm saying?I didn't think - I didn't have to think about those things. I just got to be me and form my own opinions.","(Singing) See, I'm black. I'm not white, but I'm that. No. No. I'm this, right?I'm one drop of three-fifths, right?","Toward the end, you're questioning. You're like, wait, I'm this?No. I'm that?No. I'm one drop of three-fifths?And it struck me as unusual for you - an unusual way to deliver a song. Do you have questions about your identity?Are there things that, for you, are still not answered?","Well, to me, growing up, I was just an oddity no matter where I went. It was like - you feel me?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is expressing frustration with the limitations imposed on them by their identity.","questions":"Which limitations is the speaker frustrated with?","answer":"Limitations"}
{"text":["Yeah, Scott, well it began with - you know, it was a warm night last night, and people were out - it was a Friday night - sitting at a restaurant out at a cafe. And that's how it started. The attackers drove by with Kalashnikovs and just fired into everyone at that outdoor cafe. And there was also an attack on the stadium - the national stadium - where Francois Hollande was watching a game - a friendly game - match between France and Germany - a soccer match. And two assailants blew themselves up with - they were suicide bombers outside the stadium. And everyone ran to the grass to take cover. There was complete chaos. It had to be evacuated. The thing authorities are saying that's so striking is that they were perfectly coordinated.","To occur at the same time. . .","Exactly.",". . . Which, of course, would deplete the emergency resources the city could bring to it. In the. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is agreeing with the previous speaker's statement about the attacks being coordinated, and the use of the word \"exactly\" suggests a shared understanding between the two speakers. This also implies that there may be more to the story than what has been reported so far, and that further investigation may be necessary to fully understand the nature and motives of the attackers.","questions":"How did the speaker respond to the previous PersonA's statement about the attacks?","answer":"Agreeing"}
{"text":["His anatomy turns out to be such that when he tastes something, he experiences it as much more intense than someone who has a lower density of taste buds on his tongue and. . .","Well, let me go through - let me ask you - well, let me just remind everybody that this is SCIENCE FRIDAY, from NPR. And I'm talking with Barbara Stuckey, author of \"Taste What You're Missing. \"Are you saying that we each have different numbers of taste buds on our tongues?Not - we all don't have the same number of taste buds?","We all live in our own private sensory world. So yes, the answer is we all have a different anatomy picture that really influences how we experience. . .","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A: His anatomy turns out to be such that when he tastes something, he experiences it as much more intense than someone who has a lower density of taste buds on his tongue...","questions":"How does the density of taste buds on one's tongue affect their experience of taste?","answer":"Intensity"}
{"text":["Well, this is really interesting. They say they've found evidence that the Sacklers were trying to conceal their wealth in order to avoid paying an appropriate settlement. This is something we've heard even from sources who support the deal on the table, the idea that the Sacklers have worked strategically over the years to drain money out of Purdue Pharma and position those assets all over the world to make them harder to seize. In a statement, Letitia James accused the Sacklers of lowballing victims to skirt a responsible settlement while trying to shield their financial misconduct.","The Sacklers say James and other attorneys general are on a fishing expedition with these suits. They've countersued to squash the investigation. And they also say they're making a good-faith effort now to settle all these lawsuits.","Brian, you cover opioid litigation for NPR. More than 218,000 Americans have died from prescription opioid overdoses. What do you see as the likelihood of communities and families actually getting money or some kind of compensation?","Yeah. I think it's unlikely that it will happen anytime soon, Scott. The legal fight is happening on a lot of fronts right now, so that's going to slow things down. Ohio - just let me give you one example. They've already received tens of millions of dollars in compensation from other drug companies that sold opioid medications and settlements. But because of a legal fight there, none of that money can be spent helping people. It's just sitting in a bank account. And as the money amounts grow here, up into the billions now, the legal fight over who gets all of this cash will likely grow, too."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is a deal that has been offered to the Sacklers from the attorneys general.","questions":"What is the Sacklers' response to the attorneys general's deal?","answer":"Settle"}
{"text":["So there are always lines in invoices - in the case of remains excavations, taking care of the remains, maintaining them, transfer - all of these kind of things. It happens. It exists. In other hostage cases, you would see not necessarily - and I have to distinguish between hostages and political prisoners because Otto Warmbier was a political prisoner, not a hostage.","And the difference being that hostages are held generally by nongovernmental. . .","Correct.",". . . Entities. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Political prisoners are not the same as hostages and should be distinguished.","questions":"How should political prisoners be distinguished from hostages?","answer":"Difference"}
{"text":["Right.","You know, she said, he's sort of Ralph Lauren type. Do you like that type?And here I am thinking, like, God, no.","What did she ask you to do?","She didn't tell me to do anything. She just said, just do whatever he asks, and you'll be fine. And again, that's another comment that was made as we were leaving the car as we walked into the house that didn't land right away. But obviously, in hindsight now, that - the comment, you know, landed pretty hard with me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A dislikes Ralph Lauren type, but she thinks B might like them","questions":"How did PersonA feel about the comment made as they walked into the house?","answer":"Hard"}
{"text":["Ibiza being the Spanish island where this video was filmed.","Exactly - just blathering on and on to a Russian woman who they believed was the niece of a prominent Russian oligarch.","And I'll just insert here that I have not had the opportunity to verify exactly what is being documented on this video. But what it has done is raise all of these questions in Austria about the extent of Russian influence in Austrian politics. Is that right?","Absolutely. And, I mean, it's funny because these are actually fake Russians. This is - these are not necessarily people that were sent from the Kremlin. We don't really know the provenance of the video. Some people believe it's an activist collective. Other people are speculating that some secret services of various countries were involved. But the most important thing to say is that Vice Chancellor Strache hasn't denied any of the assertions.","Right. Well, let me insert a practical question here. Where does this leave the government of Austria?Who's in charge today?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Vice Chancellor Strache has not denied any of the assertions","questions":"How did Vice Chancellor Strache respond to the assertions?","answer":"denied"}
{"text":["Well, their explanation was largely that this is mostly normal. There were several years where they sort of deprioritized taking people out of this program and allowed families that they say were no longer eligible to stay in. And now they have restarted disenrolling people and expected a significant number of children to be cut from enrollment. I think there are still very large questions about how many of those families were removed because they are no longer eligible and how many were removed because they did not properly do paperwork.","What's your response to people who say, look, this is the responsibility of the parents - what's so difficult about filling out some forms?","Well, I have seen the packet, for one, and it's not easy. And two, even if tens of thousands of parents drop the ball, it's not the kids' fault. Is that really what we want, is a state where lots and lots of kids don't get health insurance, to which they are legally entitled, because their family didn't fill out paperwork or the state sent that paperwork to the wrong address or it got lost in the mail or any of many possible procedural errors that could have happened somewhere in this paperwork?","Your story came out earlier this week, and the governor has since acknowledged this reporting. What's been the fallout so far?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) - Well, I have seen the packet, for one, and it's not easy.And two, even if tens of thousands of parents drop the ball, it's not the kids' fault.Is that really what we want, is a state where lots and lots of kids don't get health insurance, to which they are legally entitled, because their family didn't fill out paperwork or the state sent that paperwork to the wrong address or it got lost in the mail or any of many possible procedural errors that could have happened somewhere in this paperwork? - Implied meaning: Is it fair to punish children for adults' mistakes and errors in paperwork?","questions":"What is the reason for the potential disenrollment of children?","answer":"Paperwork"}
{"text":["Controversies erupted around a condolence call made by President Trump to a grieving widow whose husband died in armed service to the United States. The president called Myeshia Johnson, widow of the late Sergeant La David Johnson who was one of four soldiers killed in an ambush this month in an operation in Niger. His body was found nearly a mile from the scene of the fight. And Sergeant Johnson is being laid to rest today. The call of the president to a widow seems to be remembered differently by everyone involved. We're joined now by Seth Moulton. He's a retired Marine Corps officer and a Democrat who represents northeast Massachusetts in Congress. Mr.  Moulton, thanks so much for being with us.","It's good to be here.","Representative Frederica Wilson of Florida said that the president upset a soldier's widow when he told her he knew what he signed up for. If I can follow this, she's been criticized by both the president and his chief of staff, General John Kelly - also a Gold Star father - for politicizing the issue, in their judgment. General Kelly said that phrase was one he suggested to the president because it had been said of Robert Kelly, the general's son, when he died.","Is it possible that everyone is just misunderstanding each other at a stressful time?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The phrase \"he knew what he signed up for\" is being interpreted and remembered differently by different individuals involved in the situation. The actual meaning of the phrase may vary depending on the context and the perspective of the people involved.","questions":"Which phrase is being remembered differently by different individuals?","answer":"Phrase"}
{"text":["Well, you have roots in the South, so what are some of the food prep and food producing traditions of the South that you think we need to reconnect with?","Yeah, for me, it's really about helping people remember and as you said, reconnect with these issues - or these ways of connecting with the land and producing our foods that we saw just a couple of generations ago. As Will Allen said, you know, most people in America were producing their own food. And when I think about the African-American community that I grew up in, you know, my grandparents had practically an urban farm in their backyard. You know, everyone on the street was growing some type of food, small plots, people had mini- orchards.","And you go back to the same neighborhood now and it's, you know, practically a shell of itself. And I think we need to just kind of like remember that the way that people are advocating for eating local, healthy, sustainable food, you know, these ways that many of us were eating. And this isn't just about African-Americans. I think that a couple of generations ago a lot of us were eating this way, and we just need to get back to that.","Well, some argue that the locally sourced organic food movement is elitist and out of reach for the budget of lower-income city folks. So, what do you think?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Food is the most important think for each any every human.","questions":"What issue does Will Allen talk about regarding food production in America?","answer":"Producing"}
{"text":["It was the claim that Clinton had been personally responsible for people's deaths that set off alarm bells for Russell. So he decided to do some fact-checking.","I came to the realization pretty quickly that someone may have been probably lying to me on social media.","It turned out there were many false stories circulating that year. But Russell was skeptical of claims that Russia had anything to do with them until lists of Russian troll accounts began to appear online. He was shocked.","My god, they're right. They're exactly right. What they've been telling me about this is literally happening. I can go look this stuff up. It's right there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : troll accounts implies that the user intentionally spreads misinformation to others","questions":"What was Russell's initial reaction to the claims about Russia's involvement in spreading false stories?","answer":"Skeptical"}
{"text":["But today, the Reverend Al Sharpton, members of Bell's family, and other community leaders are taking these protests one step further. They'll march and stage pray-ins throughout New York City. One of the sites is House of the Lord Church in downtown Brooklyn, led by the Reverend Herb Daughtry. We talked to the reverend yesterday about his plans for the protest.","What we're supposed to do is assemble at various sites around the city and then march to the action site. That is the place where we will submit ourselves, some of us, to an arrest. Hopefully, in so doing, we will tie up the city so that there will be - there would be no movement, no motion. And everybody in the city and indeed across the nation will get the message that we will not stand for policemen, the people we pay to protect us, to kill us.","Reverend, when you talk about blocking things off and shutting things down, does that mean that you will literally block the streets?","Obviously, I don't want to be too specific, but we have assembling points. Points where we tell people to assemble. Here in Brooklyn, it's at our church, the House of the Lord Church. Now, once people have assembled, then we will go to the designated sites of action, where the civil disobedience will take place.","Sean Bell was a young man. Have you been able to reach out to people who are in their 20s or even in their teens to try to get them to join on to this protest?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"submit ourselves... to an arrest\" - This phrase means that the protestors are intentionally getting themselves arrested as a form of civil disobedience, rather than trying to avoid arrest.","questions":"How will the protestors demonstrate their civil disobedience?","answer":"Arrest"}
{"text":["Flora, continue with the. . .","Well, yes. So there are two things going on here. One is there's a bone difference between owls and humans. And this is already known. Owls have the double the number of vertebrae in their necks than we do. They have 14 and we have seven, and more segments gives them more flexibility.","Right.","You imagine, like. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to give them more flexibility in this context means they are allowed to do more things","questions":"What does the phrase \"more things\" refer to in the dialogue?","answer":"Activities"}
{"text":["A judge on Friday, before his disappearance, had slapped him with a half-million-dollar judgment in relation to some of his previous business dealings. His wife had filed for divorce. His stepfather had also been buried on the same day that the judgment came down.","Mr.  Schrenker is from Indiana. His plane crashed in Florida. He landed in your state, Alabama. Where exactly will he face charges?","He already faces charges in Indiana from the secretary of state's office. He likely will face charges in Florida. The Coast Guard Investigative Services now are working with the Pensacola U. S.  attorney's office. They are tallying up the cost of the search for him. That will include manpower hours; that will include two helicopters, a boat and a cutter that they had put into the water. So, he will face a felony charge there, which has not been filed yet, of making a false distress call, and likely will be asked to repay the cost of the search for him.","Carol, has anything been heard from his wife or those who had invested money with him?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Coast Guard will charge Mr. Schrenker for making a false distress call, and he will have to pay for the cost of the search.","questions":"Which charge will Mr. Schrenker face and have to pay for?","answer":"False"}
{"text":["Absolutely. They are - they don't trust now any promises that they will not be prosecuted or taken in front of a judge. And also, you know, the standards of human rights internationally have changed. And there is a very active community - globally - that chases after dictators and people that have violated human rights and have committed the crimes against humanity, which is the case for many of them.","Now, isn't the logic of that - the humanitarian logic of that - that knowing they might have to face criminal charges will discourage dictators from striking out at their own people?","Absolutely. But strangely enough, we see that continuing to happen. We don't know how many thought about it and decided not to do it because they were fearful of being prosecuted internationally. But we do know that there are still many that go ahead with all kinds of crimes and violations of human rights. And Nicolas Maduro is a paramount example of that.","What about people who work for somebody who's in power and might not get the same guarantees?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : an active community in this context means the community is doing a lot of things","questions":"What is the reason for some dictators to continue committing crimes against humanity despite the risk of international prosecution?","answer":"Fear"}
{"text":["As we move forward, though, and as you see President Trump continue to backtrack on his comments on background checks, in the last 30 seconds we have, what would you like to tell him to stay on the message that you would like him to stay on?","Listen to the American people. We're a democracy. That's what we're supposed to be doing. There can be special interests that are whispering in his ear. They represent the past. What the future is are the kids in our elementary schools or high schools that practice a mass shooting drill during the first couple days of school. That's not the United States of America.","Democratic Mayor Greg Fischer of Louisville, thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : 'Special interests whispering in his ear' is figurative. It means that special interest groups - probably the NRA - have too much influence over the President.","questions":"How is \"special interests whispering in his ear\" interpreted?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Well, it's about four, five, six percent. But we also asked questions about whether or not people would change their minds. You can add an additional about 20 percent of voters who are picking a candidate in the month of September, but are still saying they might change their mind how they're going to vote. When you add those two numbers together, you get almost to a quarter of the electorate in Ohio that could change its mind between now and Election Day.","And the number one issue, as it is in many places in the country, the economy?","The economy is the number one issue. And one of the things that makes it very difficult for a candidate to campaign in Ohio is that when they come to Ohio to talk about the economy, they can't just talk about a single aspect. When you talk to folks in the northern part of the state, northeast Ohio which includes Cleveland, and northwest Ohio which includes Toledo, when you're talking about the economy there, oftentimes the discussion is about trade.","When you talk about the economy in southwest Ohio, which is the Cincinnati area, there's much less talk about trade, and more discussion about wages and the salaries that people are making. The southeast area of the state, which is also known in part because of the Appalachian history of that part of the state, has high unemployment. A number of counties in southeast Ohio have double-digit unemployment. Many people in that region are talking about and focused on unemployment, solely as their economic concern."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : None found - the turns \"less talk about trade\" and \"focused on unemployment\" appear to have their literal meanings.","questions":"What specific aspect of the economy is discussed more in southwest Ohio?","answer":"wages"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","David Hockney is obviously not myself. But it's the same process of writing. I'm trying to understand from the inside. I am not interested in the factual truth. My book is very factual. I read everything. It's as accurate as it can be. I cannot invent. He's alive. The man is alive. He's 81. I cannot invent his life. But what interested me is really the emotional truth. How could he be a figurative artist at a time when everybody was abstract?Try to imagine this young David Hockney arriving from his provincial town in London at the age of 22 and discovering that figurative painting, which is what he's doing, is not done.","He has a friend at the school who says, oh, you cannot paint like Monet after Pollock. And David Hockney hears this and thinks, oh, my God, if I continue painting the way I was painting, I'm done for. I will never be well-known. So it is complicated. And I tried to place myself in his mind. He tried to become an abstract painter. But he was very depressed. And his friend, at some point, told him, you know, stop thinking about being a contemporary artist. It doesn't matter. You are contemporary. You live in your time. Just paint what matters to you.","You - I mean, it's extraordinary that you didn't know David Hockney before you started looking into this only a few years ago. And now that you've done so much research into his life, what is the thing that is more resonant to you?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : trying to place myself in his mind implies a persons way of thinking and\/or their point of view","questions":"What is the focus of the emotional truth in the book?","answer":"Emotional"}
{"text":["It's only about $3 billion. So compared to the whole Defense Department, which is, you know, 500 or more billion, or NASA, which is around 16 billion, or something.","A couple of big bombers.","Yeah, one and a half B-2 bombers. That's it. I think DARPA should be inspiring to anyone who wants to create innovative things, come up with new ideas, do things that really make a difference, with a relatively small amount of money and resources.","And what stuff do you think, percentage of stuff, that you actually saw going on?What couldn't you see that they wouldn't let you see inside of DARPA?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The amount of $3 billion is relatively small compared to the Defense Department and NASA budgets.","questions":"Which department has a budget of around 16 billion?","answer":"DARPA"}
{"text":["If you take that vial and set it down next to a trail of crazy ants, rather than fleeing from that plume of odor, they actually turn and head towards the vial. So they seem to be attracted to their alarm pheromones - their alarm pheromone. And so as a result, that's kind of snowballs. So you're getting an ant that's electrocuted, it releases alarm pheromones, more ants to pile on.","That seems odd that they would be attracted to the alarm.","There - it is a little odd, except for - a lot of ants do this. It's part of how ants organize the defensives nests, for example, so if there's an intruder you release alarm pheromones and nest mates know that there's a threat that they need to be defending against.","Hmm. Do they bite?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : more ants pile on means that more ants are attracted to the sent.","questions":"How do ants react to the alarm pheromones released by an electrocuted ant?","answer":"attraction"}
{"text":["Dr.  Jason Karlawish is a professor of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. He says the most significant breakthrough in Alzheimer's research is that doctors no longer have to wait until after a patient has died to diagnose the disease.","DR.  JASON KARLAWISH: We are beginning to be able to see the disease during life. Imaging techniques are allowing us to see things like amyloid buildup in the brain using PET scan imaging. We can also see it on MRI scanning and spinal fluid analysis. These are still emerging concepts but the notion that it can, quote, \"only be diagnosed with an autopsy\" is, I think, a fading notion.","What are the treatment options that are available at this moment?","Pharmacologic treatments are certain available. They're modest in their affects in modifying the clinical symptoms of the disease for relatively short periods of time. But there are other treatments, though, that are effective. Psychological and educational and behavioral interventions have clearly been shown to reduce the burden of disease on patients as well as families."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The way people communicate can reveal their values, beliefs, and attitudes, and understanding these can help build stronger relationships and resolve conflicts.","questions":"How can understanding values, beliefs, and attitudes help in Alzheimer's disease treatment?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["We argued that six months was way, way too short. You're talking about trying to go into archives, documents, find materials. Unfortunately, this was what was included in the legislation. And we've urged the Polish government to open that deadline - indeed, to open the program to people who never filed claims or for whom no claim - buildings for which no claims were filed.","But the Polish government didn't agree.","Unfortunately not. We're hoping that the Polish government will look again at this issue and make this process easier not only in terms of the deadline but also what documentation is required. Make sure that archives are open and material is accessible because if you have a right and legislation but not the means to enforce it - and particularly for many of the Holocaust survivors and their families, virtually all of whom live outside of Poland, it's very difficult. They don't speak the language. They don't live in the country. To address even the administrative issues is extremely difficult.","And what makes this important, so many years after the terrible events we're talking about - after the crimes we're talking about?","We're facing a situation where, in the next few years, we will be living in a world where there won't be Holocaust survivors. It's a population, obviously, that's very elderly, very sick and passing away very rapidly. So we think it's a matter of justice and morality to address and to conclude this issue before that last of that generation disappears."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : We argued that six months was way, way too short. You're talking about trying to go into archives, documents, find materials. Unfortunately, this was what was included in the legislation. And we've urged the Polish government to open that deadline - indeed, to open the program to people who never filed claims or for whom no claim - buildings for which no claims were filed.  The implied meaning of A's statement is that they believe the six-month deadline mentioned in the legislation is too short to effectively search through archives and gather necessary materials. They are advocating for the Polish government to extend the deadline and allow individuals who haven't filed claims or whose claims were never filed to participate in the program.","questions":"How did PersonA urge the Polish government to act?","answer":"Open"}
{"text":["Well, I think the water infrastructure we have in this country is seriously neglected. I mean, all infrastructure acts as a foundation for economic prosperity, but water is especially important. It does live in this different world where it's so intrinsic and folks expect that we're going to have clean, fresh water any time you turn on the tap. But given the fact that it's buried, it's literally underground, it's easy to ignore. And while we have large infrastructure problems in this country, the water infrastructure problems loom particularly large.","So we don't see them, perhaps even can't taste them. It's not until they - well, that just makes it easier for problems to hide in a sense.","Exactly. And some of these systems are, you know, were built 100 years ago. Some of the pipes are made out of wood. Some of them were built in the time when metropolitan areas were expanding and decentralizing. And just - we just need to reinvest in these existing systems. But because we don't do a good job in this country investing in the infrastructure that's already built - we do a good job building new stuff - we don't do a good job taking care of what's on the ground. Things like water infrastructure are seriously neglected.","I don't think any city likes to hear - but you have to spend more money."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The invisibility and tastelessness of water problems make it easier for them to go unnoticed and unaddressed, leading to potential risks to public health and safety.","questions":"Which sense do people rely on to detect water problems according to PersonB in the dialogue?","answer":"Taste"}
{"text":["Yeah. The deficit - you can think about that - that's just a gap between what the government spends and what it takes in. So if you outspend your paychecks a month, you might put the difference on your credit card. The government does the same. That's the deficit. The debt is like the accumulated credit card balance, the sum of all the deficits you've run in the previous months or years.","So the bigger that balance on the government's credit card, the more the government has to pay in interest costs. And that means it's got less money available to spend on everything else we want the government to do. What's more, if the government's borrowing a whole lot of money, that potentially means there's less money available for individuals and businesses that want to borrow. And that can have the effect of curbing economic growth. Economists call that the crowding out effect.","This was a huge issue for Republicans, and they seem now to have backed off of that.","Yeah. Some of the Republicans who used to sound the alarm about rising deficits during the Obama administration seem less concerned about that now. I'm not sure if that's because they've gotten some new economic theory. It may have more to do just with who's in charge. During the recession, we saw dire warnings about debt-to-GDP ratios. Those turned out not to be true. A better question might be, you know, what are we running up the debt for?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The deficit and debt are similar to a person overspending and accumulating credit card debt.","questions":"Which economic concept is referred to as the crowding out effect in the dialogue?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Well, interestingly enough, Tracy and Amy have actually played husband and wife eight previous times in different productions. And so many of the audience members come in and actually mistake them for a real couple, which they are not, unlike Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton, who were a real couple. And so it's interesting. Onstage they do come across as two people who have been together forever with all of those ineffable qualities of love and marriage and cruelty.","I'll put the plot just this way: a small college town dinner party from hell, in which the host and hostess play destructive verbal games. So, how do you get an audience to watch a three-hour play of a dinner party that they'd probably want to leave from as soon as possible?","There's a lot of wit. Of course, Edward Albee's classic play. And on stage, they're in this confined space. Unlike the film, they can't the leave the room. They can't get in the car and drive around. And so I think they rely a lot on their physicality and the comedy of that, the destruction of that. It's really interesting to see them sort of reinterpret this play just in one space with completely new characters. And it's as if this play were written five years ago instead of 50.","To the best of your knowledge, did they update it or is it just that, is it that penetrating?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : none","questions":"What did PersonB ask about the play's updating?","answer":"Updating"}
{"text":["Ocasio-Cortez is the democratic socialist, just shy of 30, who unseated a top Democrat in 2018. She's soared to prominence as a critic of the president and sometimes of Democrats. She pushed the party on climate, throwing her sudden fame behind the Green New Deal. And today, she releases anti-poverty proposals. Her bills would open social benefits to all people, even undocumented immigrants. She also calls to change the way the federal government measures poverty. She wants the federal poverty line to be higher in some places than others.","You may be making a certain amount in New York City or in Washington, D. C. , that is enough in other parts of the country, but you are effectively living in poverty, and so we need to account for geographic variation as well.","It seems to me that the things that you like about that proposal are the very things that make it politically difficult.","Absolutely."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : just shy of 30 means the person is almost 30-years-old.","questions":"How old is the democratic socialist?","answer":"30"}
{"text":["You've been following temporary staffing trends for more than two decades now. What sectors are relatively insulated from layoffs?","Well, the sectors that are most resilient are the higher-skill sectors, or if you can get into industries that are involved in education or health care or government. Those are the areas where you get the most bang. We're also seeing a nice increase in the mortgage-processing area, because one of the things the government's doing is lowering the conforming rate for mortgages. And so, there's kind of a rush to refinance.","When you say higher skills, are you talking about engineering, things of that sort?","Well, even within, say, clerical admin, there's always demand for good, you know, personal assistants. There's always demand for engineers or, you know, highly skilled folks. There are sometimes fewer jobs in those areas but for good people, you can get employed.","Now, geographically, where are the hot spots for temporary work?","We're seeing the best demand really around the D. C.  area. You know, Maryland, Virginia, the District of Columbia, of course the government's kind of gearing up, and there's lots of activity to, you know, take on some of these new projects. Another good area is Texas. Texas still has some residual goodwill related to energy and utilities. Beyond that, there is most of the - most every area of the country is feeling some pinch. Some of the toughest places are California, Nevada and Florida."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The sectors are protected from having to layoff any employees.","questions":"How are the sectors affected by layoffs?","answer":"Protected"}
{"text":["A tall building may become synonymous with a place, but it doesn't mean that it's born of that place. You can almost pick it up and put it in any city around the world and it would become synonymous with that city. And it denying thousands of years of vernacular architectural tradition, you know. . .","Yeah, yeah.",". . . to relate to environment and all these other things. So that's where the 95 percent figure, an arbitrary figure, comes from.","The Twin Towers in Abu Dhabi received the tall building innovation award. These buildings carry their own sunscreen, in a sense."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"You can almost pick it up and put it in any city around the world and it would become synonymous with that city.\" - This turn means that tall buildings are often designed in a similar way regardless of their location, and therefore lack a unique connection to the specific environment or culture of a place.","questions":"Which award did the Twin Towers in Abu Dhabi receive?","answer":"Tall"}
{"text":["That's for sure. And what we really think this overdose, if it would be moved forward with a company, would be packaged as a shot to have on - hands on, you know, with an ambulance or ER clinics for, you know, life or death situations.","Doesn't it raise some ethical concerns about having an antidote?","I don't think an antidote raises the ethical concerns. The ethical concerns would be more raised with what's known as the active vaccine, which basically requires multiple injections, and you have circulating antibodies for life in that potential individual.","So, you know, one could be potentially marked that you had that vaccine. The antidote vaccine we're developing now would be eliminated in the body within a matter of days."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Doesn't it raise some ethical concerns about having an antidote?\"  The literal meaning of the turn is that B is asking whether the development of an antidote raises ethical concerns. However, the implied meaning is that B is questioning the ethical implications of having an antidote that can quickly reverse the effects of an overdose. B is concerned that having an antidote might lead to people being less careful with their drug use and may increase the risk of overdoses.","questions":"Which concerns?","answer":"Risk"}
{"text":["And any idea how long it'll take until we can see the Afro emoji?","It's a pretty lengthy process. I hope that they're listening. And I hope that they know that we all really want this.","Rihanna Jones, freelance writer and Afro emoji proponent, thank you so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer","questions":"How was the implied meaning of turn 0 different from its original meaning?","answer":"Different"}
{"text":["In this district that the Cook Political Report rated as an R+5 and was a lean-Republican until the weekend before the election, we won every county - even the most rural. There are people who supported us who have never voted for a Democrat before. We have people who will never, ever, ever, ever call themselves a Democrat.","People who voted for Donald Trump voted for you, do you think?","A hundred percent - hundred percent. And this is about representation and values. And for us, that issue was so illustrated with health care and what happened in the spring of '17 around Obamacare repeal and, you know, our prior representative's votes on the American Health Care Act.","Do you think you're to the left of the average voter in your district when it comes to health care?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"to the left\" - the literal meaning is a spatial direction, but the intended meaning is a political position that is more progressive or liberal than the average voter in the district.","questions":"Which direction's literal meaning is referred to in turn 3?","answer":"Left"}
{"text":["Thank you.","You begin by saying that you think making laws to get rid of guns just might be impossible.","Well, I think we should try but we already have 300 million guns in circulation in America. So, if tomorrow or in January Congress somehow banned the sale of all new guns, we have 100-year problem. Even if you have gun buybacks - they'll buy back five, 10, 20, 30 million guns - we have a terrible, tragic situation where the country is awash in guns. So, very little on the gun control agenda is actually going to make a dent in that, unfortunately.","Your most controversial points certainly now is that you say more people ought to be trained to fire back at an assailant and be able to carry guns for that purpose."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies the level of pessimism about the effectiveness of gun control measures given the large number of guns already in circulation in the country, and that most proposals for gun control won't make much of a difference..","questions":"What is the main issue discussed in turn 2?","answer":"Gun-control"}
{"text":["Once the canvassing board signs off on the recount and stamps it as completed, the loser will have up to seven days - calendar days, not business days - to file a legal contest to the recount. And it's very likely that that's going to be happening and accordingly, that we will not have a certified winner for some time in Minnesota.","Well, if you stick to that calendar and start filling in little blanks for January, do you actually go over into February when you're trying to figure out the schedule?","Well, I think that's anybody's guess right now. It just depends on what type of litigation is filed, if anything does come, and how long it takes to work it out.","Of course, Norm Coleman could say, could he not, well, OK. I'm a good sport. There it is."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There will be a delay in determining the certified winner due to possible legal challenges.","questions":"Which challenge may cause a delay in determining the winner?","answer":"Legal"}
{"text":["And we've been getting reaction. President Trump has tweeted his condolences. And there's reaction coming in from around the world on this Easter Sunday. Tell us what you've heard.","Right. So this footage is just so disturbing. And so people in other time zones are waking up to the horror of this and sending in these messages of shock and condemnation. President Trump, as you mentioned, tweeted heartfelt condolences. He said, quote, \"we stand ready to help\" - exclamation point. Also, messages are coming in from European leaders and the prime minister of New Zealand, which sadly just suffered attacks on some of its own places of worship - mosques - last month. Pope Francis spoke at St.  Peter's Square in Rome. He said he wants to express his affectionate closeness to the Christian community in Sri Lanka and to the victims there.","Lauren, can you give us some background?There was a long civil war in Sri Lanka, which ended in 2009. What is the context for these attacks?","That's right. So what's sad is that Sri Lanka was just about to celebrate 10 years of peace - almost to the day - since that civil war ended. It was a bloody war; it lasted 26 years. Sri Lanka is a mostly Buddhist country - about 70 percent. It also has significant religious minorities - Hindus, Muslims and Christians."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People don't actually stand ready to help but they are alert and ready to help when needed.","questions":"How did President Trump react to the Sri Lanka attacks?","answer":"Heartfelt"}
{"text":["Because presidents that are about to be removed from office see the writing on the wall. Richard Nixon had a very good sense of his waning support in the Senate. And when he saw it collapse, he realized that if he hung on, he would be removed, and he would lose his presidential pension.","Interesting. So one of the complaints that President Trump is making and that his supporters are making is that this is a purely partisan process. Has that complaint been made before?Is that what people normally say?Or is there something about this particular circumstance that's different?","The reason that impeachment was kept on the shelf for over a hundred years after the Johnson impeachment process was that it was viewed by all sides in the American political community as highly partisan. But it doesn't always have to be the case. And in the Nixon era - a period when I think we saw a model impeachment process - the democratic leadership bent over backwards to make the process as bipartisan as possible.","We keep hearing all kinds of comments from - particularly from former Republican members about what members of their caucus say privately. But there's no way to know how to evaluate that. We do know that publicly, the Republicans are insisting that this is partisan. The Democrats are insisting that no, it isn't. It's a constitutional matter. Do you see from where you sit a way to bridge this difference of perspective?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The person wants to know what can be done to find a common thing the two political parties can agree on.","questions":"What is the person's objective in bridging the difference of perspective between the Republicans and Democrats?","answer":"Bridge"}
{"text":["Good morning, Scott.","You have seen the Saudi statement. What does it tell you about how the kingdom is handling the crisis?","What we see is that for the first time, officially, the Saudis say that Jamal Khashoggi is dead. The account places blame on senior advisers - none of them royals - for a policy that's gone terribly wrong. The Saudis now admit that there's a standing order to bring dissidents back to the kingdom by force, if necessary. But the account lays the blame on these senior security officials who went beyond the order. They killed this dissident journalist. They covered up the murder. Why did the Saudi leadership fail to confirm his death earlier?Bad news travels slowly to the top is how one Saudi defender put it on Twitter. These latest accounts distanced the top leadership and especially the powerful crown prince. But there are so many questions left to be answered.","One of the biggest right in front of us - where is Mr.  Khashoggi's body?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Saudi leadership is responsible for the murder of Khashoggi, but they are trying to distance themselves from it","questions":"How is the Saudi leadership handling the crisis?","answer":"Distancing"}
{"text":["Yes, and not even as big as a credit card in size - tiny. And she held it up, and my mother fleetingly saw her younger self, so she knew that this was true.","Wow.","She goes home to her mother, and her mother says nothing and summons the father. And eventually, there's a scene and - the mother and father sitting opposite my mother. And they just tell her that they took her in as if a kind of kindness - that she was a sort of waif or a stray and, you know, it was a charitable act. So she immediately began to feel that nobody wanted her.","Pause the story there because you touch on one of the crazier things, which is that bus. When this old woman appears with a photograph, you describe everyone as freezing because they all knew. The whole village, surrounding villages all knew way more about the story of your mother's life than she did until she was a much older woman."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The 'it' that the woman held up is not referring to a physical object, but a photograph","questions":"How did the old woman prove the truth to PersonA's mother?","answer":"Photograph"}
{"text":["He was all those things. I. . .","Did his brother's death, in a sense, liberate him to seek a new identity, to travel, to get to know and reflect the world?","I think that shook him deep to his soul. But I think the other thing that happened was his father's stroke. He had to get his father off his back. Joe Kennedy Sr.  was a formidable but, I think, menacing figure in his life who took a sweet, young seventh born who he had called a runt and encouraged him to become tough and ruthless - first a jock at Harvard, getting his letter with a broken leg, and then becoming this enforcer for his brother.","That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid. As a kid, he was - he hung around all the time with African-American kids. Those were his playmates, even in Hyannis. He was - he, you know, Father Feeney - when Father Feeney said no salvation outside the Catholic Church, he railed against that, which was so extraordinary in that very Catholic family."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Did his brother's death, in a sense, liberate him to seek a new identity, to travel, to get to know and reflect the world?  In this turn, the literal meaning would be asking if the brother's death physically freed him to pursue a new identity and travel. However, the implied meaning goes beyond the literal words and suggests whether the brother's death had a profound impact on the person's perspective and motivation, allowing them to explore new aspects of life and gain a deeper understanding of the world.","questions":"Which event prompted Bobby to resort to who he was as a kid?","answer":"Father"}
{"text":[". . . they did great animation in this. And I can't imagine having the patience to move these little dots around.","No. It's a. . .","It's coffee granules, I think.",". . . a great visualization. And I should say that we have another video that done in the same animation style. It's part of the series. It's an experiment people can do at home. So. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The electronic animation is as tiny as coffee granules.","questions":"Which substance does PersonB suggest the electronic animation looks like?","answer":"coffee"}
{"text":["Non-binary meaning they don't identify as male or female. They and many other English speakers have been using they like this for years. Here, Emily Brewster will use it in a sentence.","Here is my friend J. They will be joining us for dinner. The they is referring to this individual who is standing right here.","Now, there's been criticism of this usage - some by those who don't understand why someone might identify as non-binary but also by those who are put off by this change in grammar. They - the critics - say it's confusing to hear they are in a sentence if the speaker is only referring to one person. But our word expert disagrees. Brewster says we already do this with another pronoun.","The word you was originally a plural pronoun, and in the 14th century, it started to slide toward this use of being both plural and singular. And so when I am speaking to you, an individual, a single person, I say you are. I don't say you is. The you are is grammatical."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The usage of the word started to become used as singular and plural.","questions":"How is the word \"you\" used?","answer":"plural"}
{"text":["You're speaking with us from near Manchester, England, at the moment, where there was an attack. You're based in London, where there's been another attack. Can you describe the mood?","The mood is very alarmed. I've been literally corresponding with hundreds of British-Muslim community members across the country. And there is a genuine feeling of shock beyond the last few attacks because of the severity of this and the frequency of it. And there is a sense - a real sense that something has to change.","Now, I know all sectors are feeling this. But, you know, what they're telling me is that, you know, we're going to have to face some difficult questions. Now the only thing is, how are we going to handle those questions?Is it going to be as a community, as part of wider society?Or are Muslim communities going to be a target?That's going to make a little bit of a difference here.","Just briefly - we only have about 30 seconds - how is the Muslim community reacting?This is the holy month of Ramadan, a time of prayer and reflection."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"we're going to have to face some difficult questions\" - This turn is meant to suggest that there are challenging issues that need to be addressed following the recent attacks. The actual meaning of the turn is the same as its literal meaning.","questions":"How are Muslim communities deciding to approach difficult questions following the attacks?","answer":"as"}
{"text":["The United Nations World Food Programme has to cut back on the food that it gives out to some of the most imperiled people in the world. In Ethiopia, for example, it's had to lower the daily calorie intake for hundreds of thousands of refugees that it feeds in the camps there. Now, this is partly due to funding shortfalls, but there is also a growing need for food aid as the globe's conflicts continue. Peter Smerdon joins us now from Nairobi. He's the spokesperson for the World Food Programme in East Africa. Mr.  Smerdon, thanks for being with us.","My pleasure.","What kind of hard decisions do to the folks in your program have to make?","Basically, when we haven't got enough money, we have to decide who's not going to get food. And most of the people we serve are dependent on the United Nations World Food Programme for their food needs - in many cases, 100 percent because either they fled countries in conflict, and they have absolutely no money, no jobs and no assets left or because they're refugees, and they are confined to camps. They are not allowed to work. And they have no money, either."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The World Food Programme has to decide who is not going to get food due to the lack of resources, and those who are most in need often have to go without.","questions":"Which program has to make hard decisions due to the lack of resources?","answer":"World-Food-Programme"}
{"text":["In the courtroom, a lot of people cheered. And in lots of the capital, we were in coffee shops where people also cheered saying, you know, it's time for stability. But then there were others whose hearts were broken; many who protested in 2011 for freedom from a police state who are saying that they are watching the symbols of that repression now be pronounced innocent.","And what's the environment in Egypt right now that surrounds this decision?","Really, right now, you have an environment of repression. You have three Al Jazeera English journalists in jail accused of being terrorists on little to no evidence. You've had mass trials of people getting death sentences with no due process. The first freely elected president, Islamist president Mohamed Morsi, was ousted from power and put in jail. Many people point to that as a sign that there really isn't democracy.","But after the decision, there were many people who were visibly happy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meaning of turn (2) is to understand the current state of affairs in Egypt and the implications of the decision, rather than the literal meaning of asking what the environment is like in the moment.","questions":"What is the focus of turn 2?","answer":"State"}
{"text":["I was like, is this really happening?I also was quite bothered by the fact that folk would actually take advantage of community organizers working, like, to shift the landscape of violence and discrimination that is happening in our country.","As an activist, are you concerned that people possibly outside of this country are using social issues, which are divisive, and trying to sort of pit people against each other?","That is the worry. It's a huge concern. And it's unfortunate. But this is the age of technology that we're living in. And with any business practice, you want to do your due diligence with the folks that you're partnering with. It's just better for our work that this has happened because then we get to elevate our work and be more intentional with the communities that we serve.","So when you say due diligence, what does that mean, practically speaking?What are you doing differently?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The landscape of violence is not an actual landscape but the way society promotes violence and violence is seen everywhere.","questions":"How would you describe the \"landscape\" that the speaker is referring to?","answer":"Promotes"}
{"text":["Any known observed fall, anything that's of historic interest, naturally just by the news-making aspect of it, has more value to it than what it would otherwise be.","Right.","I believe it's what's called an ordinary chondrite. It's one of the more common types of meteorites. So just in and of itself, it's probably not one of the rare kinds of meteorites that's out there. But yeah, I would be hard put to put a figure. . .","Millions."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A: Any known observed fall, anything that's of historic interest, naturally just by the news-making aspect of it, has more value to it than what it would otherwise be.","questions":"What type of meteorite does PersonA believe it is?","answer":"chondrite"}
{"text":["This seems to be something that President Trump does a lot. He doubles down on controversial comments.","And digs in. When someone tells him he's wrong, he especially digs in.","Yeah. Let's turn to trade now. There are reports that this administration is close to a new round of tariffs on Chinese goods, while they are still opening a new round of talks with Beijing. So what is going on?How should we read this?","Well, there might be something of a disconnect between the president and others in his administration. Others in his administration want to resolve what has been an escalating and ongoing trade dispute with China. What's being discussed here are $200 billion in tariffs on Chinese products. It isn't official yet, but according to many reports, it is coming. The question is whether these tariffs are a means to an end, the idea that you would be tightening the screws on China to get them to change their behavior and that then these tariffs would be dropped, or whether it's an end in itself."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Screws are not literally being tightened on China. It just means that increased political and economic pressure is being placed on the country.","questions":"Which word is used to represent the increased political and economic pressure being placed on China?","answer":"Pressure"}
{"text":["Yes. William Jefferson, going for his 10th term in the New Orleans district, was defeated by Anh Joseph Cao - that's spelled C-A-O - who will become the first Vietnamese American to serve in Congress. He's a Republican. He's a lawyer, very little known about him, very little campaigning done.","He is, in a sense, a kind of accidental winner here. What happened was that they had several phases of this election to winnow down an enormous Democratic field. Out of that big field, William Jefferson still emerged the favorite of the Democrats. This is a very heavily African-American district, at least historically. And he emerged as the Democratic nominee, Joe Cao as the Republican.","And here in the end, in a terribly small turnout on Saturday, in a turnout where visually, it appeared that the African-American community was very under represented, very small turnout, maybe one in 10. In that situation and with a lot, also, of the black constituents there voting for the Republican, Billy Jefferson was narrowly defeated, and we have a new congressman from New Orleans, a Republican named Joe Cao.","Well, we should note also that Congressman Jefferson is facing 16 federal indictments. Was that the main reason behind his defeat?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : going for his 10th term' implies that William Jefferson is a long-standing congressman","questions":"What was the name of the first Vietnamese American congressman?","answer":"Anh"}
{"text":["Yes. I don't think the government contends that she was a spy. She pled guilty to one count of failing to register as a foreign agent. But still, in her statement of the offense, the activities she undertook weren't necessarily covert or spycraft. There's no allegation she's a member of Russian intelligence. And I think that's worn out, although she did pled guilty - plead guilty and is accepting responsibility for not registering as a foreign agent.","Yeah. What was she trying to do then?","She was trying to build bridges between the two countries, and through civil society groups, which I think happens with a lot of foreign nationals and foreign students.","Well, build bridges or - I'm going to mix metaphors here - or create a road in for Russian interests?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : build bridges implies engaging in good human relationship and connections","questions":"Which phrase did \"B\" use to suggest that Yulia was trying to advance Russian interests?","answer":"Road"}
{"text":["So our veggies are sitting there in the supermarket, and they're doing what?","Well, they are still alive. They are still responding to external stimuli. What we've shown is perhaps surprisingly, they can respond to light-dark cycles and really change their metabolite accumulation to different times of day.","They change their metabolism as the sort of a circadian rhythm for my cabbage?","Right, right. So when the crops are growing in the field, they respond to the light-dark cycles, and they - all plants have a circadian rhythm, so they have patterns of behavior that they control or they - that are under the influence of their circadian clock. And when you harvest vegetables and fruits, these vegetables and fruits really stay very much alive even though they've been removed from the whole plant. But then when we store them under constant conditions like in constant light in the grocery store, their circadian rhythms begin to dampen. And so then they lose the ability to show these rhythmic behaviors."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The vegetables have a system that regulates according to how much light they get.","questions":"Which system do the vegetables have?","answer":"Circadian-rythm"}
{"text":["It's a love letter to my mother. I love my mother very, very much. She gave me everything. She was a wonderful mother. She gave me the most magnificent childhood in Edinburgh, and she had no pattern for that. She was suffering so much as a child. She was kept very closeted. Nobody ever told her anything of love. She was very, very solitary, lonely and unhappy child. And yet she invented herself and became this wonderful mother to me.","And at the same time, I felt that her version of events, which was utter doom and terrible villainy, couldn't necessarily be completely true because everybody's version of their story is slightly different.","Of course.","And so I wanted to turn it and turn it like a kaleidoscope to see whether I could see what these people's motives really were. And was it so terrible?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning is that the speaker questions the accuracy of their mother's version of events. The implied meaning is that people have different perspectives and interpretations of events, and that the speaker wants to understand the motives behind their mother's actions.","questions":"What does the speaker want to understand about their mother's actions?","answer":"Accuracy"}
{"text":["I think everything that I do and I try to do in my life is to thank them because they do so much for me on a daily. And I just want to show them how grateful I am because I truly am grateful. It's, like, a lot of sacrifices going to my quince. A lot of things had to get put on hold. And to be able to, like, have that quince and to be able to do all that - I just wanted to be as thankful as I could during the whole process. And I live for them, basically. Everything I do for them is, like, a hundred percent, kind of.","Matt, this topic was new to you. What did you learn about Latino culture?","O'NEILL: There's so many different facets of a quinceanera, from the baile sorpresa, the surprise dance, to the last doll, to the replacing of the heels - you know, the - giving the first gift of heels. And all those details I hadn't known about quinceaneras or this aspect of Latino culture. But I think the thing that became most clear is that at the core of these ceremonies is familial love, and that's what you see celebrated in each of the four films. And it's a universal aspect of human life. And Latino, Irish, every culture pours so much into their children, and that's what you see through these quinceaneras.","Rosi Alvarez is featured in the new HBO series \"A Quinceanera Story\" directed by filmmaker Matt O'Neil. Thanks to you both for sharing this project."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The celebration of familial love is at the core of quinceaneras, a universal aspect of human life that every culture pours into their children.","questions":"What is the central theme of quinceaneras?","answer":"Love."}
{"text":["All right. Just quickly, before we let you go. Do you have any plans to try to catch up with Senator Obama's family on or after election day?","Oh, I don't know if I'm going to make it, because there's a huge media presence here already, and I think everyone's just waiting just to catch up with his grandmother.","Other reporters will be there, right outside her house?","Oh, absolutely. They were right outside her house during his delivery of the speech, during the Democratic Convention. And if I get the chance and manage to wiggle my way through the crowd, hopefully I might get a chance to speak to her. I have spoken to his stepsister, Auma Obama, and - in the past. So, you know, who knows?If I get that opportunity, yes, definitely, I will want to speak to them, and maybe speak to you later about what they said."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The media presence may prevent me from catching up with Senator Obama's family.","questions":"What may prevent me from catching up with Senator Obama's family?","answer":"Media."}
{"text":["Is racism a problem at the Air Force Academy?","Racism is not a problem at the Air Force Academy. Somebody that decided to put hateful speech and someone that clearly is thinking small and someone that does not embrace our values as an Air Force Academy or as the United States Air Force decided to write something on a message board. And writing something on a message board is not going to take away our values or threaten our institution.","General, may I ask, without giving away anything you've discovered, do you know who wrote those messages?","We do not know who wrote those. The investigation is ongoing. We are fairly certain at this point based on handwriting that one person did write on the boards, but the investigation continues right now as we speak."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Air Force Academy is committed to its core values and will not tolerate any form of racism or hateful speech.","questions":"Which institution has a strong stance against racism and hateful speech?","answer":"Air-Force-Academy"}
{"text":["Here's a novel idea for how to fix the auto industry, nationalize it, or at least nationalize the biggest American carmaker, GM. That's Los Angeles Times car columnist Dan Neil's idea. And, Dan, you mean basically just stop fooling around with bridge loans or anything like that and just outright buy GM?","Yeah, I don't see that the federal money that they're talking about really will save GM. I also think that, you know, we should just be intellectually honest about this. If this money, federal money, is going to come with all these conditions, including the idea that Congress is going to weigh in and adjudicate their future business plans, I mean, its nationalization. Just call it that and embrace it and move on.","What would be the advantages to owning GM?","It'd be cheaper than a loan that we'd never get back. Also, General Motors is a very, very strong company with, you know, something like $50 billion in real assets. And it's done a lot of the work to turn itself around. That's one of the ironies is that it was turning the giant ocean liner around when it happened to hit an iceberg, which was the credit crisis and some other problems that have made their chronic liabilities acute. But I think General Motors is a good investment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Nationalizing the auto industry, or at least GM, is a better solution than bridge loans or other options.","questions":"Which idea does Dan Neil propose to fix the auto industry?","answer":"Nationalizing"}
{"text":["You have tough words for President Obama in your Sun-Times column that's been posted now. Let me quote you, \"The president doesn't hurry, not even when his city is bleeding. \"","Those tough words are a function of - he's at the top of the Department of Justice. The Department of Justice - the feds seldom, if ever, hurry. And this - if they did engage in this - would be a civil rights case. While - when Laquan McDonald was shot and lay bleeding on the pavement after 16 bullets entered his body, the fact of the matter was that Ferguson, Mo. , had already jumped off. We were in the midst of other police situations in other major urban areas involving black youth and largely white officers. And so there was a real feeling of a cauldron boiling, and something - needed more largely than was being done to address it.","In Chicago, are there political implications here?","There are certainly political implications. When Laquan McDonald was shot, Rahm Emanuel was entering a tougher than normal mayoral re-election cycle. This would not have done well for him, so the city kept it quiet. But worse than that, Scott, worse than that is that the city and the union did not tell the truth about what happened. They both said hours after. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Turn (3) implies that Rahm Emanuel had a political motivation to keep the shooting of Laquan McDonald quiet, which is different from its literal meaning which is simply asking if there are political implications in Chicago","questions":"How did Rahm Emanuel react to the shooting of Laquan McDonald?","answer":"Kept"}
{"text":["So, overall, I'm immensely proud of my team for what we were able to accomplish. We didn't have some major university backing us or major corporation backing us. We had two launches, and unfortunately neither one made it, but we got very, very close.","What went wrong?","We had a successful first stage burn. And unfortunately, seconds into the second stage burn, the vehicle spiraled out of control and basically disintegrated.","So, again, you're all college students, but nobody is getting paid. Nobody's getting college credit for this.","That's right. We're investing thousands of hours completely voluntarily."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"but nobody is getting paid.Nobody's getting college credit for this\" is a turn whose actual meaning is the same as its literal meaning. It means that the team members are not receiving any financial compensation or academic credits for their work on the project.","questions":"What is the reason why the team members are not receiving academic credits for their work on the project?","answer":"College"}
{"text":["Well, I'm delighted. I'm absolutely high as a kite. I said yesterday, I'm high as the flag on the Fourth of July, and it's the way I still feel today.","And does this ruling change the way researchers will be able to work?","It has a less of an impact on research, which has never been subject to the enforcement of a patent, than it does on the availability of this approach for patient care. The enforcement of the monopoly on testing by Myriad was in the realm of patient care, that is testing for patients who were referred by their physicians or genetic counselors for sequencing of BRCA1 and 2.","Does this mean that it will open up the realm of other people, other companies, coming up with a test also and maybe drive the price of the test down."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Myriad was the main company that could do testing and had most tests done by them.","questions":"Which company monopolized testing for BRCA1 and 2?","answer":"Myriad"}
{"text":["Why they're talking about it is because they feel they have to talk about it. The government of Bangladesh wants the bulk of these people to return. They also would be feeling some domestic pressures in this area, as well. And the government of Burma, I think, is feeling some of the pressure from the international community and feels some need to be responsive. But the real story here is this is horrifying, this discussion, to be taking place right now, given the complete absence of measures in place to ensure safety and security upon return.","As I understand it, the Rohingya, according to this agreement, will be moved from the camps in Bangladesh to a camp in Myanmar where there could be security concerns.","Oh yeah, there are no safeguards in place. There - been no serious discussion of safeguards for return. You have to realize that we're talking about one of the greatest crimes in recent memory - massive abuses, forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of people in a matter of weeks.","There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N.  official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There has been no discussion of safeguards for the return of the Rohingya after being forcefully relocated.","questions":"What is the discussion regarding the Rohingya lacking?","answer":"discussion"}
{"text":["Well, it's a really interesting response. I mean, she didn't say that she didn't do it. She claimed someone had been hacking her Instagram account, but she was very upset, that she was pregnant and she was seeking legal advice.","Give me a little bit of a sense of how big a story this is in Britain today.","It's the story that everybody needs right now, and it appears that people just can't or won't think of anything else. You've got some of the most serious political journalists in the country joking that maybe we could get Coleen Rooney into No. 10 where the prime minister lives in order to work out who's leaking the Brexit stories that are dominating the front-page headlines. But, honestly, it's just been the respite we've all been hoping for. It's been pouring with rain and sort of doom and gloom in the headlines, and sometimes you just need a little bit of cheer. That's the tea from here.","That is Elizabeth Paton, European style reporter for The New York Times based in London. Elizabeth Paton, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The story is a happy one that is also distracting and the people have been feeling sad so they need the story to make them happy again.","questions":"How would you describe the impact of the story on people's emotional state?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["Is it in anyway because to a lot of people, the internet is a place?","It is. And when people sometimes say, I bought it on the internet, maybe they're thinking it's like, I bought in France.","(Laughter).","But it's not a place. It's a network of places. It's here. It's there. It's everywhere."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The internet is not a single, centralized location, but rather a decentralized network of interconnected devices that spans the globe. It exists everywhere and nowhere at the same time, making it difficult to define as a physical place.","questions":"How can the internet be defined?","answer":"network"}
{"text":["Yes.","And even lesbians, people like Ellen, who are incredibly powerful in Hollywood, and in the entertainment industries across the board. Why is that not the case for - why can't there be the equivalence in the African-American world?","Yeah, you're absolutely correct, you know, and I state those claims before, you know, and - you know, like a Bill Ga - I mean David Geffen, Ellen, Rosie, George Michael, John - Elton John, Lance Bass, like a lot of these people, you know, unfortunately are white counterparts, and colleagues are able to come out of the closet.","Their community supports them, because as I expressed in my book, they have a nurturing environment, where for them, sex and sexuality has always been a dialog and a discussion within their community. They have communities where they exist, and they help support one each other - one another, especially (unintelligible) in Los Angeles, you have West Hollywood. In Atlanta, you know, you have the Midtown area. In D. C. , you have Dupont, San Francisco. New York, you have Chelsea."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : White counterparts in the entertainment industry are more accepted than African-Americans.","questions":"What is the reason for the lack of equivalence between African-Americans and white counterparts in the entertainment industry?","answer":"Acceptance"}
{"text":["That's where he sees himself as a character through a hole in his room.","I imagined a hole in a wall at the Good Inn where Soldier Boy perceives light and sound coming through this tiny pinhole. Imagine a camera obscura. And as he begins to investigate, he sees not only his own doppelganger, but other people that he recognizes in essentially the same place that he is - an inn, a bedroom, a man, a woman.","The only difference is that there are other people there, people at a tripod, for example, and a camera. And so he is actually seeing the first porn film ever being made, but it's in a parallel universe, if you will. He's attracted to the situation or intrigued by it enough because he's seeing himself and through a little whole in the wall. It doesn't make sense.","Yeah."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : he turn with an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning is (3).  In this turn, the speaker describes a situation where the character sees himself through a hole in the wall, but the actual meaning being implied is that the character is watching the first porn film ever being made. The speaker suggests that the character is intrigued by this situation because he is seeing himself through a little hole in the wall, which is a euphemism for watching the porn film.","questions":"What is the euphemism used in turn 2 to refer to watching the first porn film ever being made?","answer":"Euphemism"}
{"text":["Sure. Sure.",". . . And two child actors were killed in a horrific helicopter crash. . . . . . And two child actors were killed in a horrific helicopter crash. . .","This is the \"Twilight Zone\" movie. This is the \"Twilight Zone\" movie.","The \"Twilight Zone\" movie, right, in northern Los Angeles County. The \"Twilight Zone\" movie, right, in northern Los Angeles County. And despite the fact that violations - Landis and the other defendants were acquitted. And despite the fact that violations - Landis and the other defendants were acquitted. No one has actually ever pled guilty to involuntary manslaughter when it comes to a film production. No one has actually ever pled guilty to involuntary manslaughter when it comes to a film production. So from that standpoint, this was an historic development. So from that standpoint, this was an historic development."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"And despite the fact that violations - Landis and the other defendants were acquitted. No one has actually ever pled guilty to involuntary manslaughter when it comes to a film production. So from that standpoint, this was a historic development.\" - The literal meaning is that Landis and the other defendants were found not guilty in a case related to a film production where someone died. The actual meaning is that the speaker is discussing the significance of the case, specifically that no one has ever been held accountable for a death on a film set before.","questions":"What was the verdict for Landis and the other defendants in the case mentioned by A?","answer":"Acquitted"}
{"text":["It was quite emotional. I was at the press conference. And I got a glimpse of the entry wounds. And it took me to an emotional place because the whole narrative has lots of holes that they created. One - gun, gun, gun - that they felt threatened. And two - that he was lunging at them.","Is there a new purpose to your protest now that you have this information?","I think that the purpose will stay the same - and that we want the officers fired. So our target right now is the Sacramento city manager because he's responsible. He's the only one within our city government who can fire officers. Our target really isn't the chief of police, although he's complicit in this dynamic because he hasn't come out with a strong enough statement that this is wrong.","Daniel Hahn is Sacramento's first African-American police chief. He was just sworn in last fall. How do you think he's handling the department overall?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : wounds implies negative impact and not a physical wounds on something or somebody ","questions":"What kind of impact did the entry wounds have on A?","answer":"Emotional"}
{"text":["This is really speculative. We are not reporting on something we have been told by the White House.","Exactly.","What we're doing is we're trying to imagine a deal that the Senate Republicans could accept, that the Senate Democrats could accept, and that might have a prayer under certain circumstances of passing in the House - either because House Republicans decided they were so embarrassed by what happened a week ago with the failure of Plan B, or because they're feeling the pressure, they're feeling the heat. Or because they're looking at the polls. Or because they've just decided to give in. Or, John Boehner decided he would go with a mix of Republican and Democratic support. Let the whole House vote, not just the Republican majority as he's been doing.","And under those circumstances, this package might pass. OK. Here we go. 500,000, that's the cutoff. That would be the point at which income would be taxed at a higher rate. The 1990s rates, the rates from the Clinton era, would apply to income after a $500,000. Now, that's half of what John Boehner was saying last week."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : feeling the heat implies to experience difficulty ","questions":"How much income would be taxed at a higher rate?","answer":"500,000."}
{"text":["Last week, Purdue Pharma and the Sacklers reached a tentative deal with thousands of plaintiffs over those lawsuits and - which would've paid up, I guess, $3 billion out of their personal fortune. Why did most state attorneys general reject that deal?","Well, what they say, basically, Scott, is that Purdue Pharma and the Sacklers aren't paying enough under this deal. They think the family is worth around $13 billion. That's the Forbes family - the magazine estimate. And the vast majority of that came from pushing really aggressively to turn OxyContin into a bestselling drug. So these AGs want members of the family to cough up more of what they describe as ill-gotten gains.","I will say the family sent an email to NPR this week. They said the deal on the table will drain a lot of their personal wealth and mean them giving up Purdue Pharma, this company that they own outright.","What is it that New York's attorney general and her team say they found?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"drain a lot of their personal wealth\" implies to lose a lot of their personal wealth.","questions":"How would Purdue Pharma's owners describe the impact of the deal on their personal wealth?","answer":"Lose"}
{"text":["Good morning, Renee.","First, that citizenship question. In just a matter of days, it's been on, it's been off. Now the president says he wants it on again. What's going on there?","The Supreme Court said last month, you could have it but only with good justification. And the Supreme Court has ruled before that the census is supposed to count everyone and not just citizens, as it has always. Then, the president said yesterday he had four or five ways that he could get this question back on. But executive orders, which were one of the ways he mentioned, do not supersede court orders. So the president is still going to have to have something that pleases the court.","And yesterday, a federal judge in Maryland ordered further discovery in this case, meaning people from Commerce and the Justice Department are going to have to answer questions about this question, where it came from. And yesterday, in court, the lawyers for the administration admitted that, at this point, they don't know what to say.","The president has also been tweeting about another big story, the conditions at Border Patrol detention centers. Yesterday, he said many of the migrants held there were - and I'm quoting - \"living far better now than they were where they came from and in safer conditions. \"I mean, that's not what a report from the Department of Homeland Security's own Office of the Inspector General said this week. It - that report warned about dangerous overcrowding and prolonged detention without proper food or hygiene or laundry facilities - very big difference."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The citizenship question has been a topic of confusion and inconsistency.","questions":"How has the citizenship question been handled?","answer":"inconsistent"}
{"text":["Sure.","We are always so grateful when you come on this show. I got to tell you - we got a lot of noes from Republicans who didn't want to come on this show and talk about gun policy, except, you know, maybe they'll go on Fox News. If the Republicans are proud of their record on guns, why not be interviewed about it?","Well, I can't speak for all of my colleagues on this. I mean, we obviously have a very serious violence problem in the country and particularly a firearm violence issue. And that - you know, we must address it. That said, we also have to respect the rights of people who own. . .","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This turn expresses willingness to engage in the conversation.","questions":"What was the initial response of person PersonA towards the conversation?","answer":"willingness"}
{"text":["You know, Renee, this was the week Kamala Harris found out what happens when a candidate breaks out in a debate and gets in the face of the frontrunner. You get a bump in the polls, but it comes with a lot of attention, much of it critical. And people take a longer look at your own positions on, say, busing and other issues as well. And we also saw headlines about how she and her husband made their money. We see folks on Twitter questioning her racial origins, which, by the way, caused her rival candidates to rally around in her defense, including Joe Biden.","And what about Joe Biden?He's trying to recover ground lost in those debates.","He's been doing television interviews and trying to talk about his sort of multipart position on busing over the years, and talk about his endorsements from African Americans who are local and state officials in key states. It's very early. The field is shifting. And if Biden can ride his ship in time for the debates at the end of this month, he'll still be the one the other candidates are coming after.","NPR senior editor and correspondent Ron Elving, thanks for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : You get a rise in the number of people supporting you on a poll.","questions":"Which candidate experienced a rise in the polls after breaking out in a debate?","answer":"Kamala"}
{"text":["I see.","Yeah. And it goes around about once an hour. So what they did was they went to Pacific Northwest Bell and had the engineers there create a wireless telephone. So the Space Needle actually had wireless phones in 1962. You could sit down. You could make a call. There was a radio pickup in the wall, and they would connect you then to the operator so you could call out.","Mm-hmm. I was - I took a visit to the Space Needle yesterday. And I'm - being a geek myself, I was really enthralled with the technology and just this - the pure nuts and bolts that are holding it together. I remember walking out and seeing this giant nut and - screw and nut holding it - it's bolted to the ground. Of course, being a geek, I wanted to know the size of the wrench it took to do that.","But that seemed to be very, very simple, and it seems to be holding up very, very well."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person loves science and anything related to it and is intelligent.","questions":"Which quality of the person visiting the Space Needle is emphasized in turn 2?","answer":"enthralled"}
{"text":[". . . it climbs up the string you put out for it.","Yeah, yeah, yeah. So they - just for a little anatomy, a little review of that. The cucumber has the plant part, but then it also has these climbing appendages. And when it's growing, it sorts of swings them around, grabs on to a support. And when it does that, something changes in that tendril, and it starts to curl. And that is exactly what physicist Sharon Gerbode in Harvey Mudd College and biologist Joshua Puzey at Harvard and some colleagues looked at and published this week in the journal, Science.","Why does that cucumber tendril curl?And, you know, you might be thinking, well, whatever. But Charles Darwin was interested in this question, you know.","Yeah, yeah. It's an old question. You know, if you grow stuff, you know that the stuff, you know, goes out and curls around things."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The topic of discussion is about how a cucumber tends to curl and not about anatomy review.","questions":"How does physicist Sharon Gerbode contribute to the research on cucumber tendrils?","answer":"Curl"}
{"text":["Their main achievement was that they submitted documents to the United Nations, formally joining the Paris climate agreement. And on the occasion President Obama said that some day we may see this as the moment that we finally decided to save our planet. President Xi Jinping, meanwhile, called on other countries to follow their example. Now, a lot more countries still have to formally join this agreement for it to take effect. But the U. S.  and China submitted their documents ahead of schedule, and this just means that the commitments that these countries made in Paris can be put into action that much sooner.","This is the first time China has hosted this summit. Does it have a goal in mind as to why it's doing it?","Well, first of all, you know, by hosting this for the first time, to many Chinese it really marks the first time that they've had an equal seat at the rulemaking table since World War II. They feel that they're now the world's second-largest economy, and they want a say that's commensurate with that status. So far, a lot of the rules have been made by the Group of Seven or Group of Eight industrialized nations. China has not been a part of that, and they want a more equitable system represented by the G-20 that does a better job of taking into account the needs of developing nations like itself.","Do we know what's on the agenda?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: What topics will be discussed at the summit?","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue implies that the topic of the summit is being discussed?","answer":"Discussion"}
{"text":["Now, what made him unique genetically?Why is he the last of his kind?","Well, tortoises in general in the Galapagos Islands were exploited primarily by the whalers, before that by buccaneers, but whaling logbooks show that there were probably 100,000 to 200,000 tortoises removed from Galapagos in the 1800s. And each island that suffered that exploitation resulted in some with very, very few tortoises, such as Espanola that only had 14 tortoises left, and then Pinta that ended up with only George left on that island.","So it was primarily through exploitation from previous centuries, and then some hunting, perhaps, in the 20th century, but George was all alone up there.","Let me ask you, you said something very interesting before. You said that George had a unique personality. Do tortoises really have personalities?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker uses the word \"hunting\" to refer to the killing of tortoises, but this word carries a connotation of hunting for sport or pleasure, rather than the more utilitarian and exploitative meaning of the word as used in the context of the Galapagos tortoise population. Additionally, the speaker uses the phrase \"all alone up there\" to describe George's isolation on his island, when in fact the actual location of the island is not specified and the use of the phrase \"up there\" is a colloquial expression that does not convey any specific location or orientation.","questions":"What word used by the speaker in turn (3) carries a connotation of hunting for sport or pleasure?","answer":"hunting"}
{"text":["Is this situation just overshadowed by other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?","I think so. I think its a challenge that, you know, Uganda is the third largest refugee-hosting country in the world now, but I think most people dont realize that. When we think about refugees, we often think about the Syria crisis, which is the world's largest. We think about people who are crossing the Mediterranean. But we're not thinking about the now almost a million people who've crossed this land border into Uganda but have also fled from South Sudan into Kenya and Ethiopia and even into Sudan.","We're also in a situation where the administration has sent very limited aid budgets to Congress. And fortunately because the commitment that Congress continues to show, they've actually rejected those steep cuts to humanitarian aid and provided strong funding - robust funding for humanitarian assistance. But we need to see that funding really get out of the bank accounts in D. C.  and get out to the ground, where it's needed.","Has Uganda been been so welcoming?The international community has thought there's relatively little reason to get involved."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : We're also in a situation where the administration has sent very limited aid budgets to Congress. And fortunately because of the commitment that Congress continues to show, they've actually rejected those steep cuts to humanitarian aid and provided strong funding - robust funding for humanitarian assistance. But we need to see that funding really get out of the bank accounts in D.C. and get out to the ground, where it's needed.  Implicated meaning: Despite the administration sending limited aid budgets to Congress, Congress has shown commitment by rejecting steep cuts to humanitarian aid and providing strong funding. However, it is necessary for the allocated funding to be effectively utilized and reach the areas where humanitarian assistance is required.","questions":"How has Congress responded to the limited aid budgets sent by the administration?","answer":"Rejected"}
{"text":["Good morning, Ira.","Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?","Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth.","Rather, what we see is what you mentioned, an actual, probably recent, increase in intellectual ability. We know that our students are the brightest in generations. They score higher on tests than students ever have before. They take more complex courses earlier and accomplish more. So there's all these reasons to believe that at least recently what we see is an actual increase in intellectual ability."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There is an actual recent increase in intellectual ability among students.","questions":"What is the evidence of increasing intellectual ability among students?","answer":"Increase"}
{"text":["Let's remind ourselves - Consumer Financial Protection Bureau created in 2010, a independent consumer watchdog. How did it find itself at the center of this drama?","Yes. So it was created as part of the Dodd-Frank Act and came in the wake of the financial crisis. And it has been controversial ever since its creation. It was the idea of Elizabeth Warren, now a senator, and it has been a fight every single step of the way. The financial services industry fought it, Republicans in Congress fought it and tried to block it, including for two years not confirming its first director. And their argument is that this agency can overreach and that it's unaccountable. Supporters say that that is very necessary independence. And so that's how it got. . .","Yeah, the point is to be unaccountable, yes.","Exactly. And so this is how you get this agency in the middle of this fight with its current director leaving and trying to set something up to protect it on his way out the door."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of \"Yeah, the point is to be unaccountable, yes\" is that the financial services industry and Republicans in Congress have been trying to block the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau because it has the independence to act without being accountable to those groups.","questions":"How did the financial services industry and Republicans feel about the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's independence?","answer":"Opposed"}
{"text":["We were with addicts on the street as they were having encounters with law enforcement. We were in treatment centers with people trying to kick the addiction. There's this one phenomenal picture of five inmates. They're all pregnant and being let in to get their methadone and things like that. We were in in drug courts, where people were being dealt with by the criminal justice system.","I think one of the reasons that it's gotten so much attention is because of the spareness with which we report it. We just report anecdote after anecdote after anecdote after anecdote over seven days. And anybody who reads it cannot come away without understanding how deep and how pernicious and how totally involving of our society this epidemic is.","Are there things that happen in Cincinnati every day that people walk past that you wanted to use this opportunity to share with?","Well, yes, I mean, in the sense that we wanted people to understand that this is going on all around them. Heroin is not a demographic or racial or any socioeconomic status - however you want to put it - drug. Its terrible reach is universal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The severity of the opioid crisis affects people of all backgrounds and has far-reaching consequences.","questions":"Which crisis affects people universally?","answer":"opioid"}
{"text":["Hudson is confident that Broadway Federal Bank won't be harmed by the recent spate of bankruptcies and bailouts. Though the bank specializes in real estate and caters to minority investors, it never got caught up in the subprime mortgage game that has become the downfall of other banks.","In order to play in that game, you had to have large volumes and small margins, which has made mortgages like commodities. So the Countrywides, the WAMUs, the big mortgage companies, you would lose your shirt trying to compete with it. So, really, the small banks had to stand on the sidelines while a lot of money was being made by churning these loans and fees, and people were making huge amounts of money, banks were very profitable, and we weren't able to participate. But now, you know, the kind of like slow and steady feels very good right now.","Now, Hudson says he's starting to get a lot more calls from people who want to put their money in Broadway Federal.","Here's what used to happen in the old days. People would only put 100,000 dollars in Broadway because they knew that was the maximum FDIC insurance. They put a million dollars in Bank of America. They figured, well, I only - because Bank of America only has the same insurance as we do, only a 100,000. So they left 900,000 dollars uninsured because they said, well, that's Bank of America. I'm only worried about Broadway. I'm not worried about Bank of America."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People tend to trust larger banks more than smaller banks and leave more money uninsured in larger banks.","questions":"What is the reason people put more money in Bank of America than in Broadway Federal?","answer":"Trust"}
{"text":["And the president did a victory dance in the end zone on Twitter after he was fired. He said Andrew McCabe being fired is a great day. He said he knew all about the lies and corruption going on at the highest levels of the FBI. Then what happened was even more significant because the president's private lawyer John Dowd released a statement saying that now that McCabe has been fired, he hopes that acting Attorney General Rosenstein will follow Jeff Sessions' lead and bring an end to the Mueller investigation. Now, at first, Dowd said he was speaking for the president when he issued this statement. Later, he backtracked, although it doesn't really matter.","Yeah. It's not news, though, that the president hates the Mueller probe. He's been pretty vocal about that on Twitter. Why is his lawyer statement so important?","It's important because it's a change in the legal strategy. Up until now, Donald Trump has always stopped short of saying something that could be perceived as an order to Rod Rosenstein to fire Mueller. He's always said, no, I'm not going to fire him. He's even said he looks forward to talking to him. Now it looks like they're opening a new phase, openly calling on the Department of Justice to shut down the Mueller investigation.","The Democrats have been pretty vocal. I've been seeing a lot of their reaction. Do we know what the Republicans in Congress have been saying or doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : President's victory dance is not an actual dance.2. President is happy about Andrew McCabe's firing.3. President's lawyer is asking for Mueller investigation to be shut down.4. President has been vocal on Twitter about his dislike for Mueller investigation.5. President has not given an order to Rod Rosenstein to fire Mueller before.","questions":"How was the president's private lawyer involved in the Mueller investigation?","answer":"Statement"}
{"text":["So his plan is pretty sweeping and includes gun control measures, and he calls for the end to the federal death penalty. But there's one big, overarching aspect of it - this grant program intended to incentivize states to incarcerate people less and rehabilitate people more. Broad strokes, he says he's looking to shrink the incarcerated population.","Now, his plan has drawn some criticism, maybe most loudly from New Jersey senator Cory Booker, who is himself running for president. He called Biden's plan, quote, \"inadequate. \"And he also said that it doesn't go far enough - that, for example, it should make more use of the president's clemency powers, that it should legalize marijuana instead of simply decriminalizing it. But also, very pointedly, Booker called Biden, quote, \"an architect of mass incarceration\" - this really big insult that he lobbed at him.","Now, that strong words there.","Yes. Yes. And it's a reference to the 1994 crime bill, which critics and some experts say contributed to mass incarceration of African American men in America. So one thing that we are seeing here - it's an ongoing dynamic in this race - is that, on the one hand, Joe Biden uses his long resume, his long political career to his benefit on the trail. He uses it as a way of saying, look - I'm qualified to do this. But on the other hand, that long career means that his opponents have found a lot of past Biden positions and actions that they are weaponizing against him."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when a plan is sweeping it means it changes a lot of things and can be life changing","questions":"What is the aspect of Biden's plan that aims to incentivize states to incarcerate people less and rehabilitate people more?","answer":"Grant"}
{"text":["This strikes me as a bit like saying, well, we don't want to stigmatize people on food stamps, so we're going to give food stamps to wealthy people so they also will buy their groceries for food stamps. This is an astonishing thing. This is the ultimate in corporate welfare.","Big banks like JP Morgan Chase and Bank of America essentially were forced by the Fed or very much had their arms twisted by the Fed and the Treasury to take $25 billion. Some somewhat smaller banks had to take 20 billion. So a lot of this money was just an enormous sum to be given to these big institutions.","Let me ask, why did they agree if they think they didn't need it?","Well, I think essentially - well, when you're dealing with Uncle Sam, you essentially are given an offer you can't refuse. OK, well, you don't want to take this money if you don't want to, but good luck next time you want anything from us. And I think that they were - essentially were coerced into taking this money."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Big banks were forced to take the money from the Fed and the Treasury.","questions":"What institutions were made to take billions of dollars by the Fed and the Treasury?","answer":"banks"}
{"text":["It's called a poor choice. On one innocent New Year's Eve in the early 1980s, I went to a party with all my friends. And justification, rationalization - everybody's doing it. I'm the only kid who's - just has a couple beers and is not doing coke. So you know what?I try it. And you know what happened?I'm not like everybody else. I liked it too damn much. And what it did was take away the split-second timing of being able to hit a major league fastball and to do the geometry that you need to do to run down ground balls and throw accurately. It just took a split second off me. And I had a 10-year career. But I would have been, in my opinion, an all-star-type player a couple years. And the morals - incredibly, the morals and values that my dad instilled in me made me a good cocaine user, so to speak.","I don't understand that at all. The morals your father instilled in you made you a good cocaine user.","Here's how. Here's how. I was never late for a game, never would think about playing a game on coke. I was raised too well to do that. I convinced myself that I was OK.","Painful as it is but also, I think, instructive to those of us who loved your father - could you tell us about the time when he called you up and said, get over here?And it was - your father and your brothers wanted to talk to you about all this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : not literally doing geometry math problems, but understanding how to play baseball using both brains and athleticism","questions":"How did cocaine affect the PersonA's ability to play baseball?","answer":"declilned"}
{"text":["Hi, Lulu. How are you?","I'm good. How are the players that you're talking to reacting to the stand that the NFL's taken?","Well, I think they've taken the position that the NFL has decided to fully engage with this culture war initiated by the president when he first attacked the NFL players back in September. One of the questions of the book that I was asking is, who gets to be the patriot?And when the president first called the players unpatriotic, then said that they shouldn't have jobs, now he's even saying that dissenting players maybe shouldn't even be in the country. And that the NFL is going along with it, as well, I think this has really reignited some really bad blood between the players and the owners.","And how is that manifesting itself?I mean, what conversations are the players having, and what can they actually do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Bad blood is not literally being lit up or ignited. The implied meaning is that the players and owners are not agreeing on the issue at hand and therefore tensions are arising.","questions":"What is the metaphorical meaning of \"bad blood\" in the dialogue?","answer":"Tensions"}
{"text":["What happens to a city when a whole bunch of its residents get really rich really quickly?A lot of people in San Francisco are worried about that right now. The city's in the middle of a tech IPO boom. Lyft and Pinterest went public earlier this year. Stock in Uber begins trading tomorrow. Other big names plan to follow. And that means thousands of new millionaires in a city that's already one of the least affordable in the country. This week, Gordon Mar, who serves on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, proposed a new payroll tax targeting IPOs. He says the tech boom of the past decade has been good for San Francisco, but there are downsides.","We've seen growing traffic congestion and gridlock on our streets due to the huge influx of new workers here in our city. We've seen a growing housing crisis, housing affordability crisis, to the point where the median rent right now for a one-bedroom apartment is $3,500 a month.","Unbelievable.","Yeah. And then sort of related to this, our homelessness crisis - tens of thousands of our community members continue to live unsheltered on the streets due just to the growing economic divide here in our city."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Unbelievable\" is an interjection commonly used to express surprise or disbelief. In this context, it is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as an expression of shock or disbelief in response to the high rent prices mentioned in turn 2.","questions":"What is the purpose of the interjection \"Unbelievable\" used by PersonB in response to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Expression"}
{"text":["Dual loyalty is something that relates to the potential conflict between clinicians' duties to their patients and their obligations to their employers. When these organizations have sometimes questionable tasks to fulfill, that becomes a very, very serious almost ethical minefield, I would say.","You and I have both been to immigration detention centers. What do you imagine the work will be like?","Well, I think when you talk about any correctional facility, especially immigration detention centers, there are a couple of hats that one has to wear. One is to take care of routine medical issues - so somebody has a headache, somebody has an infection, is vomiting. But also, we're talking about people who are coming with immense trauma, people who may have injuries, people who have suffered from violence. You need to address that in some ways. There's also making sure that there's no spread of contagious diseases, that people are being nourished well. So it's a very big job.","Isn't it important to have the best medical personnel possible in those facilities?Wouldn't you want somebody extremely qualified to be hired for a job like this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"almost ethical minefield\" implies a morally controversial topic","questions":"How would you describe the potential conflict clinicians face in regards to dual loyalty?","answer":"Conflict"}
{"text":["Yes, yes. And he stood up here and if you can see over in the distance you can see a copula - that's where the Confederates were. That's only a half a mile away. Some sharpshooters go up here, shooting at anything that moved along here. So somebody took a shot, and as you can see from this monument here, the guy standing next to Lincoln was hit and he was wounded. Imagine that that sharpshooter back there had been just a little bit more accurate. He could've very easily have killed the president. And then what?I mean, you know, can anybody name who would've become president?I don't think so. It would've been the Vice President Hannibal Hamlin.","Whoa.","Has anybody ever heard of a Hannibal Hamlin?","It sounds like a burger place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indicating that they are experiencing physical or emotional discomfort, and may be implying that they require sympathy or understanding from the listener. The tone and context of the situation may affect the implied meaning, as the speaker could also be indicating a desire for rest or respite, or they may be seeking permission or justification for their actions or behavior. Additionally, the speaker may or may not be seeking medical attention or advice.","questions":"Which word best describes the PersonA's possible intention behind the turn based on the tone and context of the situation?","answer":"Sympathy"}
{"text":["That's an essential mineral.","That's a big left turn for me. OK.","So we're going to - just a little pinch in there. I think that's nice. And then a little ice. And then we'll give it a little shaky-shake (ph), and then I'll pour you a drink here.","It's very pretty."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4), the speaker is commenting on something that is described as \"very pretty.\" The literal meaning of the turn is that the speaker finds the thing being referred to visually attractive. However, the implied meaning of the turn is unclear and could depend on the context of the conversation. The turn could be a sincere expression of admiration, or it could be a polite or perfunctory comment that does not reflect the speaker's true feelings. Alternatively, the turn could be sarcastic or ironic, indicating that the speaker does not actually find the thing being referred to as attractive as it may seem.","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion on the thing being referred to as \"very pretty\"?","answer":"Unclear"}
{"text":["And tomorrow is going to be my female day.","Right.","We are all of that and it's intertwined and I want us to celebrate our intertwining.","Do you think that economists need to dig in deeper into how these intersections of race and gender play out in the workplace?I mean do you think this is something, obviously there are plenty of people who work on it including you. But does it get enough attention and is there enough impetus to really put into place some of the learning that's happened?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A wants to celebrate their shared experiences as women and people of color.","questions":"Which aspect of their identity does PersonA want to celebrate?","answer":"identity"}
{"text":["So you alluded to earlier about the championship coming down. The championship can never come down. That's part of history. You can take a banner down, but you can't take the championship away because there was no performance-enhancing drugs. There was no phony classes. There was no steroids being used, no gambling on the games.","Should college coaches do more than just win?I mean, do they have an obligation to instruct, be good examples for young athletes?","Ninety percent, if not more, of college coaches not only educate their players on the court, they build lifelong friendships. They mentor the young men. They help them get jobs. Unfortunately, the ones that get the most noise are people like myself involved in this scandal that comes across as if college basketball is corrupt. And it's really not. Four years ago, I went on a tremendous rant about shoe companies getting involved in the recruiting business. It's. . .","Yeah, and even as you note in the book, the shoe companies in other ways have been pretty nice to you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement implies that the Championship cannot be withdrawn because there's not tangible reason for such.","questions":"Which word describes why the Championship cannot be taken away?","answer":"Tangible"}
{"text":["So for a couple years now, Topps has had an app - say it ain't so - for baseball card-collecting and trading cards. These are virtual cards, not the cardboard ones that come with a stick of gum. I mean, it's called a Bunt, and you've tried it out. Tell us what you think.","Oh, it does - I should point out the packs do come with a stick of gum. It's just a virtual stick of gum.","Don't try to chew that gum.","No, that's what I was (laughter) - the whole thing is basically just an exercise in using your imagination, if you're old enough that you need to imagine for this stuff. If you're 13 to 25, which is, like - 80 percent of the Bunt users are - then I don't imagine there's anything weird about a piece of virtual gum showing up on your phone, exploding and then turning into baseball cards.","Well, it's been around for a while. I mean, can Topps call Bunt a success?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Don't try to chew that gum\" has a figurative meaning. It is a warning or joke to not try to interact with the virtual gum as if it were real gum.","questions":"What is the virtual object that PersonB warns PersonA not to chew?","answer":"Gum"}
{"text":["In Brazil, at least 55 prison inmates are dead - strangled or stabbed after fights broke out in four different prisons over the weekend. Officials blame gang violence and say they're transferring some of these inmates to other prisons. Reporter Catherine Osborn is on the line from Rio.","Good morning, Catherine.","Morning.","So what is going on with these gangs in Brazilian prisons?This is a lot of people dead.","Yeah. Many drug gangs that operate outside of jails in Brazil in activities like drug trafficking and extortion operate and recruit from inside of the jails. And they're so powerful inside the prisons that, right after arriving, people join the gangs to get some small amount of protection. Prisons have even earned the nickname schools of crime in Brazil."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Gangs have a lot of power and influence inside Brazilian prisons.","questions":"How do drug gangs in Brazil recruit members inside the prisons?","answer":"Inside"}
{"text":["Yes, we've had our wine chosen by the White House twice, most recently just over a week ago.","Now, that must feel incredible. But you also have, you know, obviously a much wider market. How did you get into this business in the first place?","From the roots of a lot of African-Americans. My grandfather was a farmer in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and my father was - and my grandfather were home wine-makers, basically. In the old days in the country, you grew your own vegetables to eat, you raised your own cattle or chickens if you enjoyed those things or wanted those things, and if you wanted alcohol you made your own wine or different alcohols.","It's a far cry from doing this as something that you drink yourself to doing it as the kind of business you have. And it's still a family business, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Starting a wine-making business is a significant achievement.","questions":"What was the reason for the grandfather's farming in Baton Rouge?","answer":"Farmer"}
{"text":["Now, what about the bloggers who are, you know, in our camp. What story are they hitting?","Well, in the Democratic side, among bloggers, the Web site Blogpolls, which measure these trends, posted about Hillary Clinton outnumbered blog post about Barack Obama, leading up to last weekend, South Carolina primary. And interestingly, on January 24th, two days before the voting started in South Carolina, posts about Bill Clinton spiked and they equal the numbers of posts about Barack Obama. But after he won in South Carolina, post about Obama spiked and he's been the most blogged about candidate ever since. Now, on the Republican side, John McCain has been and is the most blogged about candidate.","What about on News and Views, our own blog?","Well, lot of issues people are talking about. They run the spectrum. They're talking about Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick's text message scandal, suggesting an affair with his female chief of staff, which could lead to perjury charges. We called it textual healing on our blog."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B: Now, what about the bloggers who are, you know, in our camp. What story are they hitting? The actual meaning: What topics are the bloggers supporting or focusing on? Literal meaning: What stories are the bloggers physically striking or hitting?","questions":"What is the name of the website that measures trends among Democratic bloggers?","answer":"Blogpolls"}
{"text":["What is at the top of your to-do list right now today?","Right now, we continue to monitor Dorian. As you well know, you know, we continue to go up our East Coast. We're positioned to support all four states. Florida is looking fairly good right now, however, they still have some impacts.","But we really don't want our citizens to, you know, fall asleep on this storm. Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, they're going to feel the blunt of Hurricane Dorian - a lot of rain, a lot of surge and a lot of wind primarily down on the coast. But, you know, these things can that create weather hazards well inland, so - and they're doing a great job of being prepared for that. So we're focused on supporting our states, supporting our locals.","Four states is a long stretch of coastline. This storm is so big. How does that affect your preparations?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : top of to-do list means something the person really needs to do first.","questions":"Which word describes the priority of the task mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Top"}
{"text":["So he did leave some wiggle room because he said that there are all kinds of good reasons for the government to want to include the citizenship question on the census. But the reason that the government actually gave was a pretext; it was a fake reason. And so this leaves open the possibility of coming back and saying, from the government, here's our new reason. Is this good enough for you, Chief Justice Roberts?And since he's the controlling vote, what he thinks on that question is likely going to be determinative.","But can they come back if, essentially, they were rejected because their previous reasoning was seen as disingenuous?","Well - so I think that, legally, there is a way to make an argument that the opinion the court issued last month did not completely close the door. But it's still going to have to convince a number of judges that it is a good enough reason and not yet another pretext.","There's also been talk about the president circumventing all of this by issuing an executive order. Is that realistic?Is that legally viable?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : An argument can still be made to convince judges that the new reason is not pretext","questions":"What is the possibility of convincing judges about the new reason?","answer":"Possible"}
{"text":["And no nearby bases as there were in Italy. Yet there's also the case of - it's going to be very difficult to get international or at least United Nations backing for an intervention in Syria.","That's right. The chances of getting that past Russia and China, I think, are - that would be a very, very heavy lift. You had - when Bill Clinton went to war in Kosovo, he knew that he couldn't get Russia to approve that through the U. N.  Security Council. And instead what he said was that I'll get the approval of NATO. So it won't just be an American mission. This will be a multilateral venture. So it's not just the United States saying that the United States is acting in the name of humanity. It's a whole lot more governments also saying the same thing. And I think that gives it an added credibility and added legitimacy.","As you mentioned, the Arab League supported the campaign against Gadhafi in Libya. In the present-day case with Syria, the chances of getting something through the Security Council are harder and in part because China and Russia feel as though the U. N.  Security Council approval, which is sort of the standard for international legitimacy, that the U. N.  Security Council resolution that they approved was to stop potential mass killing but not necessarily to overthrow Gadhafi's regime.","That President Obama looked at what a no-fly zone could do and realized it would not do enough. He needed to authorize that aircraft could strike ground targets as well."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Getting past Russia and China to get approval would be a very hard thing to do.","questions":"What would the approval of NATO provide for a multilateral venture?","answer":"Credibility"}
{"text":["There is a level of acceptance for some. So one young woman I met joined the all-women's force after being brutalized by her husband, who was part of ISIS. On the other hand, the women who were foreigners and even the real hardcore last holdouts in the fight against ISIS who are in this town of Baghuz, which had basically an apocalyptic end. They ran out of food. They ran out of water.","And what you see now from the women who were part of that is that all of the crimes of ISIS - you know, enslaving girls, raping women, beheading people on the streets, the hangings - that was not enough really to make them lose confidence in the head of ISIS. But the fact that children whose families belong to ISIS starved to death while leaders had food, that is what's making people very disappointed, very disillusioned, especially the women I've talked to.","Are there people who still support the caliphate despite all that they went through?","Absolutely there are. And in fact, one woman from Egypt I met has four daughters. She was talking about how all they want is to go home, to go back to Egypt, to go back to the parks, to go see relatives. And she said to me, you know, I don't believe in Baghdadi. But I still believe in the caliphate."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Some women joined the force due to domestic violence","questions":"What led the young woman to join the all-women's force?","answer":"Violence"}
{"text":["The field is shrinking. That's the first thing that's happened. There are going to be 10 candidates and only 10. And for the first time, you're going to see the top three candidates standing next to each other in the center stage. That's Joe Biden, who's been leading the polls, Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders. And what most people are waiting to see is if there will be a Warren-Biden clash.","OK. So of those three candidates you just named, Joe Biden remains still at the top of the Democratic field. But he hasn't had really great debate performances. So the one question I have is, how much do debates really matter to the campaign?","You know, you can make an argument that the debates really haven't mattered much because look at Joe Biden. He's still on top of the field even though he has not had a good performance in the debates. Elizabeth Warren has moved up steadily, but not because of anything she did in the debates. It's because she's had all these plans, and she's performed well on the campaign trail. But in one sense, the debates are having an impact, and it's a negative one because the overall image of the Democrats and their policy ideas has gotten more negative among the general electorate as this debate season has gone on.","Interesting. The debates have not been great PR for the Democratic Party. Well, Elizabeth Warren has been gaining support the past few months. She's going to be facing Joe Biden onstage for the first time. What do you think her hardest challenges are going to be onstage?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : it is a metaphorical field, it just means there are not as many candidates running for the election as there was in the past because some decided not to continue running","questions":"What is the first thing that has happened?","answer":"Metaphorically"}
{"text":["Well, look, I like the fact that we've eliminated pre-existing conditions. I think that's really important. But Ronald Reagan expanded Medicaid a number of times and he didn't need Obamacare, OK?And my feeling about Medicaid is we've been able to manage this program. And by bringing Ohio money back to Ohio to treat the mentally ill, the drug addicted and the working poor, it's not - we're not only ahead on an arithmetic basis, but we think it's the right issue in terms of giving people a chance and an ability to be lifted.","Biographical question - did you ever consider becoming a priest?","Well, when I was a kid, really early in my life, you know, all Catholic altar boys I think at one time or another thought about being a priest. But then that just wasn't in the cards for me.","But I gather religion is an important factor in your life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Did you ever consider dedicating your life to a religious ","questions":"How did PersonA respond to PersonB's biographical question?","answer":"Explained"}
{"text":["And we just kept saying, Emily will come. Emily will come. She's going to come. She's going to come. And all of a sudden, as we get to that opening, this arm just reaches out and grabs my son. And she says, I'm here. I'm here. I'm here. It's Emily. And we all just buckled our knees and fell to the ground and hugged her. And then we just had to get up and move.","Fifty-eight people died in the shooting. Five hundred and forty-six more were wounded. Thousands of people went through a massacre. Melissa Barham and her loved ones escaped without physical wounds.","I just remember driving out of Vegas, headed towards southern California as dawn broke. And I hadn't cried at all. And then I got to our off ramp for our house off the freeway. I stopped there. I just started bawling and crying. And then it was just a couple blocks to our house. And my husband was waiting for us. I left the keys in the car. I left everything in the car. And I just walked up to him and buried my head in his chest and said, I got everybody home and completely fell apart.","And how are you doing?","I'm sad. I'm depressed. I feel like I've aged. Like, I'll look at my reflection in the mirror when I get out of the shower. You know how you catch a glimpse of yourself when you're out and about?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A: I'm sad.I'm depressed.I feel like I've aged.Like, I'll look at my reflection in the mirror when I get out of the shower.You know how you catch a glimpse of yourself when you're out and about?","questions":"What does PersonA compare catching a glimpse of oneself in the mirror to?","answer":"Out-and-about"}
{"text":["A slow cooker does seem to be good for jam - doesn't it?- because it takes. . .","It is great.",". . . A lot of the drudgery out, yeah.","Yeah, it takes a lot of that stirring - and, you know, the worst thing you can do with a jam is spend an arduous amount of time cleaning fruit, getting it together and getting it into a pot and then torching and scorching the bottom of it because of an open flame and a little bit too high heat. The slow cooker really just mellows that out."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The slow cooker is a much easier and less time-consuming way to make jam.","questions":"How does the slow cooker simplify jam-making?","answer":"Cooking"}
{"text":["Good to be with you, Scott.","Do you think President Trump was essentially trying to back off and ease tensions with Iran this week?","Scott, let's begin by saying there was relief, widespread and bipartisan, when the president pulled back instead of pulling the trigger. But the larger confrontation he's created here still has very few avenues for escape. It's possible this show of last-minute restraint may make renewed negotiations possible, but it could also heighten the tension to the point where the Iranians cannot come to the table. They have complicated domestic politics to deal with, just as we do. So the moment of hesitation on the president's part could ultimately produce an even greater degree of anxiety, an even more disastrous hour of reckoning.","A number of people have questioned parts of the president's account, especially a statement that he wasn't given or asked for - whatever it was - an estimate of casualties until the strikes had almost begun."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Come to the table means to show up or to engage with others.","questions":"Which phrase used in the dialogue means to engage in a discussion or negotiation?","answer":"come-to-the-table"}
{"text":["His family life has gotten more attention than maybe he wanted, right?","Well, yeah, sort of. Bill de Blasio's wife, Chirlane McCray, wrote an article way back in the 1970s about why she was a lesbian. And this was considered back in 1979 a little outside the box. And it surfaced again in recent months. And when asked about it, you know, they say, look, we are happily married, we have two adorable kids - here are their pictures - and that's all we have to say about it. And it was a very interesting moment to show the city, really show the world, how the conversation has changed about this. What could have been a career-ending disclosure 20 or 30 years ago wasn't much of a story at all.","And maybe we should note, Christine Quinn is married is to her partner of longstanding.","Yes, indeed. If elected, she would not just be the first woman mayor of New York City, she would be the first openly gay or lesbian official elected citywide in New York's history.","On the Republican side, there is a very strong candidate."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The speaker is implying that Bill de Blasio and Chirlane McCray have had to navigate a lot of scrutiny in their family life due to the article written by Chirlane in the 1970s.","questions":"Which couple had to face scrutiny in their family life due to an article written in the 1970s?","answer":"Bill"}
{"text":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The mention of the Srebrenica massacre and the potential consequences for war criminals serves as a reminder that such heinous acts can lead to future accountability, even if justice is delayed.","questions":"How does turn 4 relate to the conversation between PersonA and B?","answer":"Reminder"}
{"text":["Well, that is a great question. And the real question here - and the son of the famed Northern Alliance commander Ahmad Shah Massoud this week is actually hedging his bets. He is bringing together on Wednesday an anti-Taliban coalition. They say they're going to fight the Taliban politically and militarily, if necessary - really kind of an indication that the Afghans aren't sure that they can trust the Taliban at all. Leila, while these negotiations have begun going on for nine months, the Taliban have continued to fight on the ground trying to increase their leverage on the battlefield so that they would have more influence at the negotiating table. And so Afghans aren't sure whether this - any peace agreement will mean the fighting is going to stop.","So then what does that mean for Afghanistan's upcoming presidential elections scheduled for later this month?","Well, President Ghani has insisted these elections should go forward. But this week, Abdullah Abdullah, his main contender and his chief executive officer, has said, he's ready to quit the elections for the sake of peace and that kind of throws things into question. So far, we understand the elections are going forward. Election materials are being distributed now as we speak. The elections are only four weeks away. And it - what's really uncertain is whether the Taliban who have vehemently opposed these elections have said that they will attack anything associated with the elections whether they're trying to make this a condition for further talks with the Afghans, which is the next step in this process.","That's reporter Jennifer Glasse in Kabul. Jennifer, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It's not betting but making sure that his chance has a better chance of succeeding.","questions":"How is Ahmad Shah Massoud's son hedging his bets?","answer":"Coalition"}
{"text":["So in some senses, it's unverifiable. You know, I guess one of the best ways to think about this memorandum is that when asked, Devin Nunes refused to share this memo either with the DOJ - or the Department of Justice - or the FBI - the very people accused in the memo, or with the Republican chairman of the Senate intelligence committee. So that tells you a little bit about his level of confidence in the allegations that are made.","Apparently, Democrats are drafting their own memo in response to this memo. So now we're going to have dueling memos?What's in that one?","Well, we haven't completed it yet, but it will be a memorandum which points out the factual inaccuracies in the original one. Again, it's a bit sensitive because in - there's sort of an evil genius to this first memorandum because it does make reference to very highly classified intelligence that almost nobody has seen. But in as much as we can, we'll try to lay out the facts around these acquisitions - sorry, these allegations. And, again, just make the point that, you know, along with, you know, the belief that there was wiretapping of Donald Trump, you know, that there was improper unmasking - this is the latest in a steady stream of unfounded allegations designed to undermine the FBI in particular.","I'd like to understand a little bit about what the committee, at this point, is doing in the House that is investigating collusion between Russian operatives and the Trump campaign. It's been nearly a year. Have you found an - evidence of any crimes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Devin Nunes lacks confidence in the allegations made in the memo.","questions":"What does Devin Nunes refuse to share with the DOJ and FBI?","answer":"Memo"}
{"text":["I know I could have summitted. Yes, however - yes, I wasn't willing to lose my fingers or a tip of a finger, even, for the summit of K2.","Nick, this climbing season in the Himalayas is done for you. Do you think that you would think about K2 again?","I'm actually pretty sure I will think about K2 again. It's always been a dream of mine to be up there, and it is quite painful to have gotten so close to the summit and turn around. So maybe not next year, maybe not the year after, but I can say, in my life, I will for sure come back here. There's something about this mountain that just draws us all to it.","But you know, you know now, this is the deadliest mountain in the world."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A wasn't willing to risk his fingers to summit K2","questions":"How did PersonA feel about risking his fingers to summit K2?","answer":"Not-willing"}
{"text":["And not to make any comparisons, but I seem to recall that there was a time when J. Crew was a catalog retailer - didn't have any real stores. And now, of course, they've got plenty of them in addition to a very ambitious online retail site.","Absolutely. The way that I've thought about these Shopify stores is they're undoubtedly strange because they're new, but their model is fundamentally not that different from, like, a big corporate enterprise. It's just that the tools have democratized the ability for people to tap into the globalized economy. And so before, it took the idea of having a supply chain and having all these people who would know factory owners in China and all these other kinds of things - that took a lot of infrastructure.","What these tools have done is eliminate the need for all that infrastructure. And so now it's this alternative way into what is a real thing about our economy, which is that many, many of the goods that we all purchase are made in Asian factories and are sold to us at a very high markup from their production costs.","So where's the coat now, may I ask?","It's hanging up in my closet, kind of towards the back - in there with the things that are too small for me to fit into now (laughter). But I'll bring it out at some point, I'm sure. Everyone needs a coat like that, you know, maybe for gardening or something."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : J.Crew has evolved from being a catalog retailer to having physical stores and an online retail site.","questions":"How has J.Crew transformed?","answer":"Catalog"}
{"text":["So right now, we're seeing a retrenching, although I do think that more advertisers should be spending more money online right now and unfortunately, maybe pulling from traditional media because you can track your online advertising much better than you can with your general traditional buckshot type of campaigns.","You talk a lot to us about the opportunities that are out there for entrepreneurs of color, and of course, Russell Simmons has been someone who's been able to do a little bit of everything. He started out in the music industry. He's done you know - he's got for-profit, non-profit, jewelry, you know, home, clothing. . .","Credit card.","Yeah. It's just pretty much everything."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : More advertisers should invest in online advertising rather than traditional media.","questions":"How can online advertising be tracked better than traditional advertising?","answer":"better"}
{"text":["This was after years of drift. There is this new energy, this new vigor in this relationship, and there's also enormous excitement, Scott, over the president and the first lady returning to India. The president has this coveted seat at this dazzling display of Indian military hardware during Monday's Republic Day parade, which is actually meant to commemorate the Constitution. And he'll see in a flyover this huge U. S. -made Super Hercules lifter, a testament to the close defense ties between India and the U. S.","And is the president arriving at a time of enthusiasm in India?","Oh, he certainly is. They're here at a very heavy time. The stock market is on this bull run. It's hitting record highs. The IMF predicts that India's growth will actually outpace China's by 2016. So there's this energy here and there's this hope for improving the lives of 1. 2 billion people, but that requires a lot of change. And that's what the president won't necessarily see - the 300 million Indians who don't have electricity, the 600 million who don't have access to clean toilets.","Speaking of energy, should we expect anything concrete out of these meetings?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1)\tA:\tThis was after years of drift.There is this new energy, this new vigor in this relationship, and there's also enormous excitement, Scott, over the president and the first lady returning to India.The president has this coveted seat at this dazzling display of Indian military hardware during Monday's Republic Day parade, which is actually meant to commemorate the Constitution.And he'll see in a flyover this huge U.S.-made Super Hercules lifter, a testament to the close defense ties between India and the U.S. (2)\tB:\tAnd is the president arriving at a time of enthusiasm in India? (3)\tA:\tOh, he certainly is.They're here at a very heavy time.The stock market is on this bull run.It's hitting record highs.The IMF predicts that India's growth will actually outpace China's by 2016.So there's this energy here and there's this hope for improving the lives of 1.2 billion people, but that requires a lot of change.And that's what the president won't necessarily see - the 300 million Indians who don't have electricity, the 600 million who don't have access to clean toilets. (4)\tB:\tSpeaking of energy, should we expect anything concrete out of these meetings?  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.","questions":"How is the Republic Day parade related to the president's visit to India?","answer":"Commemorate"}
{"text":["We often ignore the unevolved brain or what's sometimes called the reptilian brain. So zombies exist in the reptilian brain in the movies. And as it turns out, in the real world, humans have what we sometimes refer to as our zombie brain. And you might think about it as autopilot.","Like when you're driving the car. And you sort of zone out. And you don't even remember the way that you got to where you're going.","That's the perfect example.","And there are real-world applications for this speculation, right?Because there are murder cases where the perpetrator says that they zoned out. And there's a big debate about how conscious they were of what they were doing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People start to stop thinking of anything while driving.","questions":"What is the term used to describe the brain's autopilot mode?","answer":"Autopilot"}
{"text":["There's a couple of things they have to deliver. I'll give you an example. In Jarabulus, 22,000 refugees are there, and the town is dealing with them. There is no international aid there. And so it is up to the townspeople to care for 22,000 people who have descended on this small farming town. They have to take the money out of their own pockets, buy the tents, bring them bread, make sure they're OK. So there is an international aid component to this. There, of course, is also an arms part to this.","But let me tell you, there were two events over the last couple of days that really mean that the rebels don't need international arms. They took two major bases around Aleppo. And as one commander said, I have never seen so much booty. And these were heavy weapons that were taken from the Syrian army.","You know, analysts in the past couple of days have stopped calling this a stalemate. And they are beginning to recognize that the rebels have made significant gains on the battlefield. And the weapons that they took in these two places will make a major difference in the way that they're able to fight. And it also shows that they are more organized than they've been in the way that they are fighting the regime.","We've also - obviously the opposition forces inside Syria have no air force whatsoever. They have been trying to attack Syrian air bases on the ground to limit Syria's air capabilities that way. Is that beginning to have an effect?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Rebels have gained access to heavy weapons through their victories, and they may not need international arms.","questions":"Which town is dealing with 22,000 refugees in Jarabulus?","answer":"Jarabulus."}
{"text":["What changed your mind because you did start college for a while?","Well, ever heard of the Three Cs?Civilian Conservation Corps, that was started by Franklin Delano Roosevelt, at that time the president of the United States. And he started that program to get young boys like me off the street and try to put them in places where they could learn a trade. And I joined that, and that's when I started to learn about gasoline engine, diesel engines and heavy equipment.","That probably served you pretty well when you went into the military. How did you get into the military and what did you do once you went in?","After I left the CCC camp, I went to the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth, Virginia. That's where I learned to run engine lathe and I made part for ships. And I wanted to volunteer for the Army, but I was drafted. And drafted and was sent to Camp Ellis, Illinois where I take my basic training and went to - overseas in a quartermaster service company in Germany, first France."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"What changed your mind because you did start college for a while?\" - The speaker is not asking about a physical change in the person's mind, but rather about the reasons or factors that led them to change their decision about attending college.","questions":"Which organization did PersonA join to learn about gasoline engines, diesel engines, and heavy equipment?","answer":"Civilian"}
{"text":["Mountain guerilla killings in Central Africa have reached an all-time high.","Current fighting among the Congolese military and rebels has caused park rangers and other locals to flee the area, ultimately leaving one of the world's most endangered animals seemingly unprotected. These killings reached deep into the economy, the local community and the environment.","For more, we are joined now by Craig Sholley. He is a senior director at the African Wildlife Foundation and former director of Rwanda's Mountain Gorilla Project. Craig, nice to have you on the show.","Very nice to be here, Tony. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"Craig, nice to have you on the show.\" The implied meaning is a standard polite greeting used when welcoming a guest onto a show.","questions":"How did Tony welcome Craig onto the show?","answer":"Nice"}
{"text":["Well, so what I got really interested in was that when the coat showed up, it showed up in a black plastic package from China Post. So I thought I was buying a coat from some brand that represented itself as kind of this modern gentleman. You know, I was expecting it to have its headquarters, you know, in New York or San Francisco or Los Angeles or something. And this thing is shipped direct from a technology park in China.","So I kind of started thinking like, well, what is this brand?And I started diving into this new class of online retailer that use a tool called Shopify, which allows anyone to kind of spin up a retail store in five minutes; sucks products in from a service called AliExpress, which is sort of like Amazon but in China, and it's dedicated to kind of the export market for Chinese and other Asian manufacturers; and allows - basically - consumers in the U. S.  to take a different route into this manufacturing ecosystem, which makes so many clothes, which makes so many consumer goods, in Asia.","When you ordered this coat, were you genuinely surprised to be able to trace this stuff back, or was that the whole idea?","Well, no. I was genuinely surprised. I was literally - I had been tagged in the Facebook advertising system, which Instagram also uses, as someone who likes to buy clothes. And what I came to find was that this is a pretty widespread phenomenon."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"Spin up a retail store\" is used figuratively to describe the process of quickly creating a new retail store, rather than a literal spinning motion.","questions":"How is the process of creating a new retail store described figuratively?","answer":"Quickly"}
{"text":["Depending on how they go about it, how big of a deal could this announcement by Zara be, and what kind of an impact could it have?","Well, I think the really interesting thing about Zara's statement is they've made a public statement to back their intention, and they will be held accountable for whether they achieve that target or not over time. So the fact that they made this very public target I think is really positive. And I think hopefully what that will do is also encourage other brands and retailers to be bold and to make these statements as well.","What individual responsibility do consumers have here?","Personally, I think every consumer has some responsibility for their actions. The consumers are buying products, they are making decisions about where they're buying those products from, how long they keep those products for and what they do with those products at end of life. So I think there is definitely some responsibility that the consumers have in all of this. But I also recognize as - there is this deep-seated sort of psychological driver within our human psyche to engage in fashion."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Engage in fashion\" means to buy clothing that is about fashion rather than pure functionality.","questions":"What does \"engage in fashion\" mean?","answer":"Purchase"}
{"text":["Yes, ma'am.","So locked down, and what is the forecast for the Christmas shopping season?","It's going to be negative for the first time in many, many, many years. The consumer just can't spend money. Consumer bankruptcies are on the rise. Consumers have 14 trillion in debt, negative saving. They can't pay their credit card bills. They can't pay their home loans. They can't pay their auto loans. The banks are not offering financing. They've got a negative wealth effect from housing to the tune of 8 trillion. The consumer is in lock down. They just don't have money.","Well, any bright spots out there because they do have to spend money on some things. Maybe the dollar stores are doing well?","There's definite bright spots. If you're Wal-Mart, you're doing fine. If you're Costco, you're doing fine. If you're Family Dollar, you're doing fine. If you're Dollar Tree, you're doing fine."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The economy is doing very poorly, and consumers are struggling to pay their debts and bills.","questions":"What is the reason for negative Christmas shopping?","answer":"Economy."}
{"text":["The big one was that they died of lead poisoning due to the canning of the canned tin goods. The problem with that - these guys hadn't eaten any tin food. It was only three months into their voyage.","It was a dire situation anyway you look at it. But, of course, in your book, it wasn't dire enough. You throw in an Arctic beast.","I do, an unexplained Arctic beast that we never see. And the reason for that is I wanted something to personify just the terror, the horror of the darkness, the five months of darkness, the terrible cold - 100 degrees below zero - the constricting ice that you had to listen to against the hull, you know, all the time.","What would be the best-case scenario for you if they find which ship it is?What would you like to know?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  implies the beast served to represent the fear, horror and cold of the situation;","questions":"How did the beast represent the situation?","answer":"Terror"}
{"text":["Hello.","What's going on in your city?","Well, what's going on in my city is a similar dynamic of what's taking place in other cities across the United States right now. We've had 130 percent increase in homicides related to arguments and fights between individuals or groups unrelated to other criminal activity. They've got easy access to firearms. We've seen all of these cities have seen many more shots fired at each individual incident. Some places it's a fight over synthetic drug markets. So there are a number of variables, but they all revolve around a fairly narrow slice of these advantage communities that is very concerning.","Chief Flynn, not so long ago, you were getting credit for a low homicide rate. What changed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  can be interpreted as a way to ask for an explanation for the sudden increase in homicides, not just a question about what has happened.","questions":"How can turn 3 be interpreted?","answer":"explanation"}
{"text":["Let's stick with Germany for a moment and look at a disturbing trend in that country. The German government says anti-Semitic crimes were up 20% last year. Over the weekend, the country's top official in charge of fighting anti-Semitism was reported saying he does not recommend Jews wear a kippah, or skullcap, in all parts of the country. Deidre Berger directs the American Jewish Committee's Ramer Institute for German-Jewish relations in Berlin.","Welcome.","Hello.","How did people in Germany respond to these remarks from Felix Klein, who's the man responsible for Germany's efforts to combat anti-Semitism?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Anti-Semitic crimes have increased by 20% in Germany.","questions":"Which country has seen a rise in anti-Semitic crimes?","answer":"Germany"}
{"text":["Has this ever been done before, I mean, even with other types of energy like oil and gas for example?","That's not how we have historically done oil and gas use or exploration. Again, we're talking on public land. It's not been how we've done it. It is the way we've tried in recent years to think about the Endangered Species Act. Instead of looking at each little place when a question comes up and say is this an endangered habitat, is this a problem, look at large areas, ecosystems, chunks that make sense together.","Try to highlight what the problems are in that area so that subsequent development proposals are not - don't start from ground zero. Information's been gathered and looked at in a more systematic way. I mean, programmatic environmental impact assessments have been allowed ever since NEPA passed back in the 1970s.","It hasn't been used very often. I think that the Interior Department should get a lot of credit for using it this time."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Environmental impact assessments have been allowed since NEPA passed, but programmatic assessments are now used to gather information in a more systematic way for subsequent development proposals.","questions":"What type of environmental impact assessments are now used for subsequent development proposals?","answer":"Programmatic"}
{"text":["Then later on, I ended up having to deal with, really, racism from both sides, from white people, as well as from black people who claimed that I was not really black because of the music I listened to or the way that I speak or some intangible delineation that people make in terms of how you're supposed to behave based upon the color of your skin.","Well, Brian, you know, you went on to basically go about your life and kind of sublimate this incredible pressure. But at some point, it all broke for you. What happened then?","Well, what happened was - I should back up and say that at the time that I wrote \"Not a Genuine Black Man,\" the book and the play, I decided that in order for it to be real and to be true and to be what I wanted it to be, I'd have to be completely naked. And that being the case, I knew that I would have to talk about the darkest moment in my life, which was a very severe period of depression I went through in 1999.","I had - I didn't realize it at the time, but apparently I had suffered depression since childhood, from all of the, you know, strangers driving down the street yelling the N-word, not being included because I was the only black kid and being different. And I'd spent a lot of time isolating and by myself."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B acknowledges that A had to suppress the pressure he faced, but eventually reached a breaking point.","questions":"How did PersonA handle the pressure he faced?","answer":"Sublimate"}
{"text":["Thank you. Thanks for having me.","Now, the books were released on inauguration day. I don't know if that was significant or not. Tell us if it was and what inspired these collections?","Well, these collections I have been thinking about for a long time. I've been talking about it with my agent for sometime about doing something like this. The big fear was that, no publisher would be that interested in it because they wouldn't think the collection could be sustained over a period of time doing it every year. But Bantam believed it and so Bantam, we ultimately made a deal with Bantam to do it. The date wasn't really significant. I mean, the date turned out to be significant but we had set the date a long time before and we were just hoping that Obama would win so the date would really have some significance but it was all an accident. It turned out well though.","Now, you're going to - we've had anthologies before obviously. But the new thing about this anthology is that you're going to try to publish it annually. How difficult do you think that is likely to be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Tell us if it was and what inspired these collections?\" is not actually asking for information about whether the release date was significant or not. The interviewer is using this as a prompt to ask the author about the inspiration behind the book collections.","questions":"What was the interviewer's actual intention behind asking about the significance of the release date?","answer":"Prompt"}
{"text":["We don't know what, if anything, he has told the investigators thus far. But we do know, as we suggested earlier, a lot of the questions. For example, where did the guns come from?Where did the explosives come from?And where did the money for those things come from?","Well, first of all, if he is coming in and out of consciousness - which is what we understand is going on right now, in the hospital room - they really can't question him. He has to be sort of sitting up and reasonably aware of what's going on. Now, this had happened in the Abdulmutallab case, in 2009. That's the young man from Nigeria who was on Flight 253, going over Detroit, and he was wearing an underwear bomb.","And for the first 50 minutes - five, zero minutes - that he was in custody, they questioned him without Mirandizing him because they wanted to know if this is part of a broader plot. But then they Mirandized him. . .","Were there other bombs on other planes?Yes."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The suspect's condition may affect the interrogation process.","questions":"What factor might impact the suspect's questioning?","answer":"Condition"}
{"text":["And?","And it got huge. I don't know.","What happens?How does something go viral on Craigslist?I don't even know.","I don't know. I mean, I tweeted about it, and then it started getting passed around. And, you know, people started writing posts on blogs. I think someone called it, like, the most beautiful Craigslist missed connection post ever.","(Laughter) That's a very competitive category."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  the post became popular because people started sharing and reposting it on social media and blogs.","questions":"What was the reason for the post becoming popular?","answer":"Sharing"}
{"text":["Well, you know, I'm a Republican, but I'm also Catholic. So for me, the religious side, if we went there, I would be very much be against the death penalty, very much pro-life. And I see the pro-life and the death penalty - you kind of have to be consistent, in my mind.","You talk about your Catholic faith and how you look at this question through that lens. Of course, there are people who think that religion ought to be set aside. But I think in reality, many people do look at it at political questions through the lens of their own values. But white evangelicals make up a big part of the Republican Party. There are a lot of white evangelicals there in Kentucky as well. Of course, many white evangelicals oppose abortion, so I'm curious how you make that case to them.","Well, and that's why I'm, quite frankly, focusing on the economics. - But when you start talking about the numbers, the numbers are numbers. And it's pretty clear in a state like ours where we have desperate needs to use the money in other places - to shore up our pensions, you know, to help with our school system - this is simply an area where I think if you look at it logically, we're not getting any benefit from a criminal law standpoint, so let's spend our money somewhere else.","So the fiscal argument might make the case where the moral argument is more complex.","That's right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : quite frankly means quite honestly, or the person is telling the truth but some people might not like it","questions":"What does \"quite frankly\" mean?","answer":"Honestly"}
{"text":["And a note, yesterday, on Weekend Edition Saturday, it was implied that WikiLeaks was the first to post the Macron documents. That's incorrect. For its part, WikiLeaks says it's trying to confirm their authenticity. To Nigeria next, where the government says Boko Haram has released 82 of the missing schoolgirls the group seized in a mass abduction three years ago. That kidnapping prompted global indignation and the creation of the high-profile Bring Back Our Girls campaign. NPR's Africa correspondent, Ofeibea Quist-Arcton is monitoring developments from Accra. Good morning.","Greetings.","Ofeibea, what more do you know?","President Muhammadu Buhari's spokesman has said that the release of these girls happened after mediation by the Swiss government and the International Red Cross. And it was like a prisoner swap, Lulu, because, apparently, Boko Haram detainees have been released. The presidential spokesman did not say how many but indicated that negotiations are continuing as the government has been saying over recent weeks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : WikiLeaks may not have been the first to post the Macron documents, but they are attempting to verify their authenticity.","questions":"Which organization is attempting to verify the authenticity of the Macron documents?","answer":"Verify"}
{"text":["I don't know what you make of a recent letter some ICE special agents sent to Homeland Security Secretary Nielsen asking that the branch of ICE that deals with counterterrorism and drug trafficking, not deportations, be split off from the agency because of all the ill will.","Yeah. I have seen that. That was - that's an interesting consequence of another change that was made at the time that DHS was formed. In addition to splitting up the immigration entities, they also blended in the customs function. And so ICE is Immigration and Customs Enforcement. The same is true at the border. And that was a little bit of a shotgun marriage between the customs folks and the immigration folks that has not fully worked itself out. The customs people think that they have these - you know, they've got a separate set of responsibilities that are impeded by the immigration function.","Former INS general counsel Bo Cooper, thanks so much for coming in and joining us, sir.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"... because of all the ill will.\" This turn is an example of a figurative expression. \"Ill will\" is not a physical or tangible thing that can cause harm or injury; instead, it refers to negative feelings or intentions towards someone.","questions":"How does \"ill will\" refer to negative feelings towards someone?","answer":"Negative"}
{"text":["Hopelessness and uncertainty.","Are people trying to leave, and is that something you've considered?","Many people have no choice. And they think - the only thing - I can leave the country. But how can they do that with the huge amount of limitations on Iranians' travelings (ph) and economical limits?They cannot do that. It is very, very difficult for them. And now we see a lot of Iranians who are abroad the country who are evacuating. They cannot do it anymore because of the higher dollar prices. They have to return to the country. It is very difficult situation for them.","Well, thank you so much for speaking with us and sharing your story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Iranians are struggling to leave the country due to limitations and economic difficulties.","questions":"What is the main reason Iranians are unable to leave their country?","answer":"economics"}
{"text":["What's this program, Becoming a Man, meant to you and other students and your friends?","It means a lot. It gives you insight of how to be a man and take care of your business and have integrity, visionary goal-setting and respect for one another. It helps you be more aware of who you are and what you could do with your life.","Tell us a bit about your life, could you, and your family.","I'm the youngest of six, which is hard to be sometimes, because you get bossed around by everybody in the house. Come from a single-parent home - my mom. Dad was never around. I have sickle cell anemia, so I persevered over that. We had good times and bad times, you know, just like any other family. But we're very close."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : What's this program, Becoming a Man, meant to you and other students and your friends?","questions":"What is the name of the program mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Becoming"}
{"text":["Tomorrow marks the end of the longest presidential campaign to date. This election looks like it might break all voter turnout records, and plenty of civil and voting rights groups are out there working to make sure you have a place to turn if you're having trouble voting. One of them is the NAACP. In September, Benjamin Jealous became the youngest man to lead the country's oldest and largest civil rights organization. He's got plenty of information about how to protect your vote. Ben, how are you?","I'm doing well.","So you are the head of this storied organization that has had so much to do with African-Americans in voting. You think about where we've been in the past decade with the contested 2000 election. What should people know firstoff about going to the polls and doing it in a way that protects their vote?","You know, there's really two things that I say to folks. You know, first is that you should be prepared, you know. You should really think about the time you need and make sure, you know, if you need to have somebody to watch the kids that you just take care of it. This is one of the most important things that you'll do in the next year, and just be prepared."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase protect your vote means to ensure that you are able to exercise your right to vote and aren\u2019t subject to racism","questions":"What is the main focus of Benjamin Jealous' work at the NAACP?","answer":"voting"}
{"text":["Yeah, it's a fine line. There is definitely a vernacular in law enforcement that is regional. On the West Coast, we call them suspects. On the East Coast, I think they call them perps - or maybe that's just the New York or the New England region. . .","Perps, short for perpetrators.","Yeah, short for perpetrator. And for a long time, our crime scene investigators weren't called crime scene investigators. They were crime scene analysts or forensic specialists and whatnot. And just about everybody has now changed their scientific investigations division to be called CSI. 'Cause you got to, you got to answer the phone: CSI, Smith.","Have you had screenwriters, aspiring novelists or actors say to you what kind of person is a cop?Why do they do it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn that has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning is (3). In this turn, the speaker is discussing how the names of crime scene investigators have evolved over time, and how many departments have now adopted the name \"CSI.\" However, the implied meaning is that popular culture, specifically the TV show CSI, has had an influence on the naming conventions of law enforcement agencies. ","questions":"How has popular culture influenced the naming conventions of law enforcement agencies?","answer":"CSI"}
{"text":["They survived, but it's not like they were back at a comfortable hospital stateside within a few weeks is it?","No, their reward for surviving was Japanese captivity. And you know, what lay ahead for them was famously fictionalized in the movie \"The Bridge On The River Kwai,\" the so-called Burma-Thailand Railway, which was a - it was a war crime, really. These POWs were set to work for the Japanese, building this railroad through the jungle up in Burma and Thailand. And it was a case, literally, of the survivors in some sense envying the dead. 20 percent of the survivors would die in captivity. And so out of that 1,100-man crew, fewer than 300 came home.","It seems good here to remember the words that President Roosevelt said after the sinking, quote, \"our enemies have given us the chance to prove that there will be another USS Houston and yet another USS Houston, if that becomes necessary. And still another USS Houston, as long as American ideals are in jeopardy. \"","Well, he spoke those words, I believe, it was on Memorial Day, 1942. The president had a special relationship with this ship and its crew. Four times during the '30s he took world cruises on the Houston. It got to the point where when he called the Navy Department and said, bring the boat around, the admirals on duty knew exactly which ship he meant; he meant the Houston."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the phrase \"envying the dead\" is a figurative expression that means that the survivors of the USS Houston were in such dire conditions during their captivity that they would have preferred to die rather than continue living in those conditions.","questions":"What was the President's special relationship with the USS Houston and its crew?","answer":"Special"}
{"text":["Hi.","What did the administration do first?","Right. OK. So it started last week. The Trump administration added Huawei to a short list that American companies cannot buy from or sell to. The ban affects very big players and also some pretty small ones. Take small mobile carriers - OK?- not your Verizons and T-Mobiles but, say, your rural carrier. They buy Huawei equipment because it's cheap. Now they'll have to change suppliers.","On the big end, let's take Google. Google and Huawei have licensing agreements. That's to put apps like Gmail, Maps and YouTube on Huawei phones. So now with the new ban, for any future phones, new licensing agreements are not allowed. The Google apps can't be included. So that'll curtail Google's presence in Europe, where Huawei phones are sold."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies a technological war between America and Huawei which is a Chinese Phone manufacturer.","questions":"How does the Trump administration's ban affect Google's presence in Europe?","answer":"Curtailed"}
{"text":["Well, that's a big part of the checkout of the - what we're doing for the first month or so is just going through and sort of systematically checking out each part of the rover, all of the science instruments, the basic mobility, capability, the arm, the different pieces just to make sure everything is okay after the voyage to Mars.","And then we'll start doing the science mission and really, in earnest, you know, start exploring the area around Bradbury's Landing. It's - in the case of ChemCam, we also get the benefit with the laser that we were actually able to do some early science measurements, as well. And so, as part of the checkout, we got science data in addition.","Do you have a rock in mind that you want to zap in earnest?","We did, yeah. Well, we actually zapped pretty much the area right around where the rover landed. And it's actually interesting to the scientists because the plume of the rocket engines actually, sort of, scoured out an area on both sides of the rover, which normally Mars is covered, all the surface area is covered, with a lot of dust."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that B wants to know if A has any Rock in mind that they want to use the rover's instruments to study.","questions":"Which instrument did they use to obtain early science measurements as part of the checkout?","answer":"ChemCam"}
{"text":["The smart way for communities to deal with the issue like that is to hearken back to what we were talking about with Jennifer Hudson. Make sure your community is a community. Make sure you know your neighbors and what is going on. Make sure you are making a conscious effort to deal with the distance and the attenuation that we have in our communities based on our mobility and technology. So if you know who's there, whose children are where, what's going on and if you have that sense of community, that is the quickest and best way to make sure your community can stay safe.","Judge Toler, great to talk to you. Thank you.","Good to talk to you.","Judge Lynn Toler is the star of TV's \"Divorce Court. \"She is also the author of \"My Mother's Rules: A Practical Guide To Becoming an Emotional Genius\" and she joined us from the studios of KJZZ in Tempe, Arizona."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to hearken back means to think back, or to think about what happened previously","questions":"How would you describe the smart way for communities to deal with the issue mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Community"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely.","You know, like, what are some of the other barbecue don'ts that come up when all of you all get together?","I think hovering is a big one, people who want to jump on the grill before they've been invited to, people who think they're helping out by bringing a side of beef that they figure you have room on the grill to just add that into your menu, any kind of, you know, presumptuous guests.","What about some barbecue do's?Are there some do's that you wish people would do that they perhaps don't think to do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : don'ts  refers to unacceptable behavior and activities ","questions":"What does \"don'ts\" refer to?","answer":"Unacceptable"}
{"text":["As you said in your introduction, she did play two definitive Southern belles, Scarlett O'Hara and Blanche DuBois. I guess also extraordinary that really, a classic English rose would play these two very famous roles in American literature. And I think both her accents are very convincing in both those films. But a number of her performances do continue into the modern age.","I think her life was relatively short. She died really at 53. But she certainly packed quite a lot in. I mean, she never stopped working, even after bouts of illness. She always was able to come back to work on stage and screen. And I think she really liked to play a variety of roles, and wanted to stretch herself as an actress.","Is there an item in the exhibit you would especially like to draw our attention to?","Well, what's been interesting for me is reading her correspondence with the film director Elia Kazan, who directed the film version of \"Streetcar. \"And she'd written a very, very long letter to him, really analyzing each scene and putting her thoughts down on paper. It begins with, \"I am 5-foot-3 and a half tall in my bare feet, without shoes on\" - which is rather sweet."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This statement implies that the actress was able to achieve a lot in her dedication to her craft and her desire to explore different roles in 53 years life.","questions":"What was the actress's age at the time of her death?","answer":"53"}
{"text":["Stocks in two major computer chip companies - Qualcomm and Broadcom, two major ones - were down 6% today. Google dropped 2%. And this was after Google said it would stop supporting Android devices for phones made by Huawei because the company was on the Commerce Department's blacklist. Google is a major software provider for Huawei. And if these restrictions went on for months, Google could take a beating.","Correct me if I'm wrong here, Jackie, but didn't the U. S.  back off last year in a somewhat similar way shortly after blacklisting another Chinese telecom company?","That's right. It was a company called ZTE, and they were on the blacklist. And it went on for a while. And they were on the verge of bankruptcy. And this is a major Chinese corporation - almost went bust until the Trump administration reversed that decision and allowed U. S.  companies to supply it again. So it's the same sort of scenario. But, Mary Louise, the Trump administration has been tightening the screws on Huawei for months now in part because it has links to the Chinese government.","And U. S.  intelligence agencies believe Huawei could use its equipment to spy on the U. S.  and its allies. The administration asked Canada to arrest and extradite one of Huawei's senior officials. And administration officials have been fanning out across the world asking allies, pressuring allies not to use Huawei equipment. So up until now, it's been a full-court press by the administration to contain the company."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The drop in stocks of major computer chip companies is related to Google's decision to stop supporting Huawei.","questions":"How were Qualcomm and Broadcom affected?","answer":"Down"}
{"text":["When we had a transfer of presidencies in this country, when Barack Obama came in four years ago and George W.  Bush got aboard the helicopter and left town, well, George W.  Bush has pretty vanished from the American political leadership. He wrote a book, did pretty well with that. I gather he gives some speeches, but he plays no great part in the American political system. Bill Clinton has been playing a little bit more in this election.","But in the meantime, Mr.  Hu Jintao on his way out - really, on the way out?He will be a member of the Standing Committee. He's not going to be president. He's not going to be chairman of the party anymore, but?","He still may have a pretty strong role in the military. There's also the former president of China, who I covered back in the '90s, named Jiang Zemin who's from Shanghai. He has been front and center at the Party Congress. He's been out and about. He's in his mid-80s. He's playing role in terms of lining up who's going to take over. There's a lot of horse trading, but it's very, very opaque. And the average Chinese person really doesn't have any sense of where it's heading.","So you're getting this new generation of younger leaders, but the gerontocracy, the old leaders, behind the scenes, they're still playing a role."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement implies that George W. Bush is not as relevant in American politics as he used to be.","questions":"What is the former US president's current relevance in American politics?","answer":"relevance"}
{"text":["And so these two ally's ships were absolutely overmatched. Rooks did not try to avoid the battle; he offered himself to it. And in the end these two allied ships were absolutely overwhelmed by the power that fell upon them - Japanese torpedoes and shells, hitting them left and right. The Houston was finally hit by four torpedoes, which opened up her hull to the sea and the ship slowly began to settle in about 140 feet of water to the site of the wreck that the Navy's exploring today.","And could you tell us, please, about the ship's chaplain because he won the Navy Cross.","He did. Commander George Rentz was the oldest man on the ship. He was 59 years old on the night the Houston was sunk. He was clinging to a pontoon that belonged to one of the Houston's floatplanes. This pontoon was riddled by shrapnel, was taken on water, but it was literally a life raft for about a dozen or more Houston sailors.","He said to the sailors who were with him, he said, you men are young. I've lived the major part of my life; I'm willing to go."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is (4) \"He said to the sailors who were with him, he said, you men are young.I've lived the major part of my life; I'm willing to go.\"","questions":"What did the ship's chaplain say to the sailors who were with him?","answer":"Young"}
{"text":["You know, you're helping a lot of people, Mr.  Mayor.","Well, I hope I am. I don't see it, and that's what scares me most of all. We care about everybody. We have to reach out for all of them and try to be successful for them to help them be that support deal for them. It's not a positive day every day, but you have to make it into one.","The mayor of Fulton, Texas, Jimmy Kendrick - thanks so much for being with us, Mr.  Mayor. Good luck to you.","Well, I appreciate it. And just keep us in your prayers. It's always nice to have a prayer given for us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The mayor is thanking the interviewer for their support and asking them to keep them in their prayers, which goes beyond the literal meaning of his words.","questions":"Which question did the mayor ask the interviewer?","answer":"Prayers"}
{"text":["Where to begin the week in politics?The Mooch removed, the White House staff shaken - if not stirred - more leaks, a rally and more developments in the Russian investigation. In studio, we have Molly Ball, staff writer who covers politics for The Atlantic. Molly, thanks for being back with us.","I'm glad to be here.","Isn't that what we got in the news business?It's never dull, is it?","It really has not been. And in a way, this White House is really a gift to all of us in the journalistic community. When we might have traditionally been slacking off for the summer, particularly on the political beat - there's usually sort of a summer doldrums - but no, we have the bounty of news that seems to flood every week out of Washington."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The chaos in the White House is providing a lot of news content for journalists to cover.","questions":"What is the benefit for the journalistic community due to the current situation in the White House?","answer":"News"}
{"text":["Well, the president fires the attorney general. The new guy fires the special counsel. History repeats itself. No, the president - President Nixon understood the Constitution. He understood how to govern. He knew he was walking a tightrope. So when a lot of different people in Congress, the public, the courts stood up and showed their courage and they were outraged and started to push back, he backed down. He let the investigation continue. And 10 months later, he resigned. This time it looks like a circus where the clowns are walking a tightrope in slow motion and some people are cheering as if it's a joke. But it's not a joke.","Mr.  Doyle, I must say you sounded almost wistful speaking about Richard Nixon.","(Laughter) Well, yeah. You know, I've never compared Richard Nixon to Thomas Jefferson before. Never thought I should. But I told someone yesterday that compared to Donald Trump, Richard Nixon is Thomas Jefferson.","All right. I'll leave that as your opinion."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The current situation is chaotic and not following the rules of the Constitution ","questions":"What is the President's attitude towards the Constitution?","answer":"Chaotic"}
{"text":["As you were growing up, your father wouldn't even let you sit back in a chair.","My father believed the world was divided between those who were mentally and physically strong and those who were weak and lazy. For this, I had to undergo a physical and psychological training.","Can you tell us about those nights in the cellar?","From the age of 6, I had to spend one night a month in the basement meditating on death. I sat on a stool, alone, in the dark, surrounded by rats. And I had a cardigan with small bells on it. I wasn't allowed to let the bells tinkle, as it meant that I was moving. It was one of his exercises.","There are just too many instances of abuse and cruelty to recount - I mean, the way he didn't turn on the heat, the way he made you bathe in his dirty water. He said he gave you his energy that way or something.","Yes. There was a lot of violence in what my father made me do. We could describe it as sadistic. For him, violence was meant to make me stronger and to remind me that life was horrible."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 1. The implied meaning of this statement is that the father was very strict and did not allow the speaker to relax.","questions":"Which part of the chair was the speaker not allowed to sit back on?","answer":"Back"}
{"text":["And then we figured out how to pull aluminum out of its oxides, and now we use it everywhere. And platinum group metals are no different. They're very useful in electronics, microprocessors, medical devices, you name it, catalytic converters, renewable energy. And I would love to see a day - whenever that may be - when the platinum group metals are 100 times cheaper than they are now.","I'm reminded of a \"Twilight Zone\" adventure where they learned how to make gold and it was worthless. That's another story, but take us through the steps for your plan stage. Where do we go from here, and what are the steps?","Well, it's a three-phase plan. First of all, we have a technology road map that we've developed that lists every bit and every piece of technology that we need in order to go and extract resources from asteroids. We have some of that technology today and others we need to develop. And so we're slowly but surely piecing together, pulling together all the different pieces of technology that we need to have. Number two, we're going to do asteroid prospecting. And so this means that, first, we're going to develop a series of Arkyd 100 spacecraft to go into low Earth orbit and study the nearest asteroids and make sure that we've found, you know, lots of the other interesting ones that are not yet found and look closer at the ones that we do know of.","And number three?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn in (2) is a figurative expression and its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. ","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue uses a figurative expression?","answer":"Two"}
{"text":["It's a pleasure to be here. And I'm one of many people who are running the Dog Aging Project.","What do you folks hope to learn?","We're trying to create the largest long-term study of aging in dogs that anyone has ever done, with the goal of trying to understand how genes and environment determine healthy aging in dogs.","So it's not just that old rule of thumb that one year is seven years in a dog's life?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - What do you folks hope to learn? - Implied Meaning: What is the purpose of your research?","questions":"How does the Dog Aging Project aim to determine healthy aging in dogs?","answer":"Genes"}
{"text":["The regime does blame rebels for escalating this bout of violence. And, as you say, there's a lot at stake here. It's a place that's swollen with civilians. A lot of people who've fled the fighting elsewhere in the country have taken refuge here, and aid workers are saying it would be a catastrophe if a full war took hold here.","Oh, this is amazing. So this is where a lot of people who have fled violence arrived in huge numbers, thinking that this might be their one last safe. . .","Right.",". . . Space. And if there are that many civilians there - like, what do we know about these airstrikes so far?How badly are civilians being hit?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : they are just acknowledging the person's response ","questions":"How is turn 2 used in the dialogue?","answer":"acknowledging"}
{"text":["Every president in his or - his - well, I should say his or her. Every president in their first year has an unexpected crisis, whether it's national security, a natural disaster, domestic unrest. This is certainly shaping up to be Donald Trump's unexpected crisis. And I think he realizes that. And the stakes are getting higher, and I think that's why he's lashing out more because I think he realizes what's going on.","It's moved to the capital. As we said Secretary Price has resigned, but at least three more Cabinet members face similar accusations about charter jets. Whatever happened to them, can the Trump administration say they'll drain the swamp when they seem to be flying over it in private jets?","You, know, this reminds me of that line from \"The Godfather\" about Mr.  Corleone likes his bad news early. Donald Trump is not like bad news. And this was starting to spread to other cabinet members, obviously. And I think the we'll-see when he was asked whether Trump - I mean, whether Price should resign was his way of signaling, yes. And sure enough, Tom Price offered his resignation. And unlike the Session's case, the president accepted it because I think he sees this for the irony that it is of his own cabinet doing what he campaigned exactly against.","Is the Republican Party offering much of a profile of leadership at the moment?- can't get Repeal and Replace passed, the tax code seems - proposal seems fuzzy, federal response seems to certainly be slow if not negligent in Puerto Rico. We could go on."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) - The actual meaning is that Donald Trump likely wanted Tom Price to resign as Secretary of Health and Human Services after facing criticism for his use of private jets. Trump campaigned against government corruption, so this situation is ironic.","questions":"How does the situation with Tom Price relate to Trump's campaign promises?","answer":"Irony"}
{"text":["I want to talk about government response, first from President Nicolas Maduro, but also from Venezuela's opposition leader, Juan Guaido.","Well, Maduro's representative in Geneva has called it biased and incomprehensible, this report. But at the same time, the U. N. 's saying the Maduro government yesterday agreed to release 22 prisoners, including two pretty high-profile detainees at the request of Michelle Bachelet, the U. N.  high commissioner for human rights, who's the author of this report. Bachelet does seem to hold out hope of working with the Maduro government because it's allowed her organization for the first time in years to open an office in Venezuela, though we really don't know whether that will lead to anything.","As for the opposition, there've been demonstrations today in Venezuela which were originally about the death in custody of a naval captain. But the U. N.  report is very much also a theme. And Juan Guaido, leader of the opposition, has been talking to a crowd in Caracas, saying that the U. N.  has laid out what he's been saying for a long time now, which is that the Maduro government is a dictatorship.","That's NPR's Philip Reeves speaking from his base in Rio de Janeiro. Philip, thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Maduro government's release of prisoners is an attempt to improve its image","questions":"How did the Maduro government respond to the UN report on human rights in Venezuela?","answer":"biased"}
{"text":[". . . Battles. Yes. It was bloody, but it was also joyous because we're - all three of us - just super fans of Nancy Hale's.","I mean, people always ask fiction writers - as you would know better than anyone - how much of your writing, how much of your protagonist is you. And writers always say, it's fiction. You know, I made it all up. But you write that with Hale, it's - it actually really matters to know what her life story was when you're reading these stories.","You know, every story that a fiction writer writes has something of them in them. And I had to go through her story and sort of understand where they came from in her life. She wrote so close to the bone to her own life in many ways, and you can see herself in her characters in these stories - in a lot of them.","All right. So let's get to some of the stuff she writes about because she writes about things that are uncomfortable to discuss today in 2019 - must have been incredibly edgy at the time she was writing some of these. She writes about mothers feeling ambivalent about their children. She writes about how oppressive marriage can be. She writes beautifully about female desire. I actually wanted to let you read a little bit from one of her stories, titled \"Midsummer. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : She wrote very close to what happened in her own life.","questions":"Which story did Nancy Hale write about in \"Midsummer\"?","answer":"Midsummer"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Some old steelworker or some young hip-hop kid.","Racial moment, that's nice.","You know, and everybody wants to know what people are thinking about race.","It's like racial moment versus the senior moment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is sarcastic about the so-called 'racial moment'","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the idea of a \"racial moment\"?","answer":"Sarcastic"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And that's something that my father always stressed upon my sisters and me and that we've all thought it's very important that you should be engaged in the process. In this case it is a political process, because the process of electing our government leaders is one that will have a direct impact on whether we're here and what we do here. So it's fine to criticize, but at the same time if you're not engaged in the process I feel that's a real discredit to everything you try to protest against.","Do you sense a great excitement among the men and women there about the election?","Well, there's certainly a lot of open questions, a lot of us are wondering if Barack Obama's elected versus John McCain and vice versa, whether that will have an effect not just on this tour, but on future military careers because we have a lot of soldiers and a lot of officers who are planning to make a military career and I'm not one of them. I'm going to be leaving active duty when we return from this tour.","But for those soldiers especially, the big question now is, when and how soon they'll have to deploy to Afghanistan. Because many of these soldiers are on their third, some even on their fourth tour here to Iraq. And so now they're looking at another open ended involvement in Afghanistan. And so they've got a lot of questions about that and so we're really just curious right now what both candidates - what decisions they'll make."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There is no indication that the actual meaning is different from the literal meaning. It's a straightforward question about whether people at the location are excited about the election.","questions":"How many soldiers are on their third or fourth tour in Iraq?","answer":"Many"}
{"text":["Joel Rising has surely had this experience. Many frequent travelers have, a screaming baby on the airplane. But what's that baby doing there anyway?Is it safe for infants to fly?Doctor Sydney Spiesel is a pediatrician and a professor at Yale Medical School, as well as a contributor to slate. com. And when we spoke earlier, I asked him if a new study out on this topic had any answers.","What the study says is, if you have normal kids, yes, you know, when you're flying, the air pressure goes down in a plane. It's as if we were walking around the top of a mountain that's maybe 5,000 feet.","The amount of oxygen that's available for absorption is about three quarters because of the lower pressures. About three quarters of that - of the same amount as sea level. And young children we know don't do quite as well with lower oxygen levels as older. But, in fact, millions of kids fly, and they really fly quite well without problems.","And no problems for their ears?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the literal meaning of \"if you have normal kids\" suggests that the study is only applicable to children who are not abnormal or have any medical conditions. However, the actual meaning is that the study is applicable to healthy children who do not have any pre-existing medical conditions that may affect their ability to handle lower oxygen levels.","questions":"Which type of children is the study in turn (2) applicable to?","answer":"Children"}
{"text":["What in this agreement makes it better in your perspective?Because you did say that there was something in it that was, so tell me one thing.","There are. The labor chapter itself is better. However, if you can't enforce the labor chapter, it is meaningless. And so we're trying to get the enforcement on three different levels that I outlined earlier.","So what's your message to Democrats here?I mean, the issue is, so far, the administration has been trying to work with the Democrats. I mean, the trade chief, for example, the U. S.  trade representative, Robert Lighthizer, has been working with Democrats to hear their concerns about it. I mean, and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has appointed nine House Democrats to committees to negotiate these sort of - these changes.","But there is this some sense that, you know, the administration - others in the administration would like to fast-track it. There is a mechanism for doing that. I mean, do you have a specific message to Democrats?Because, as you know, with such a large - particularly with such a large presidential field, you've got all kinds of different opinions about international trade in that group. Do you know what I mean?So do you have a specific message to them about how to - you would like to see them proceed?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B wants A to explain what makes the agreement better","questions":"Which chapter does PersonA think is better in the agreement?","answer":"Labor"}
{"text":["Not necessarily. Sinkholes can happen for many different reasons at different times. However, we do tend to see sinkholes occur more often during high precipitation events, so during a wet season, for instance. The - if you have a void underground and in the soil it tends to work its way toward the surface. And so then you have - and we don't necessarily see any kind of subsidence on the surface if it's a nice, tight, clay soil.","But when you add a lot of water to it, you're adding - you know, water weighs a lot. So you're adding that weight to that soil bridge, basically, over that void. And once you get to a certain amount of weight, it'll collapse. The other situation is during droughts. Water tables will drop, so that'll give you a little bit more instability for what's on the surface, but also clay holds water very well.","And during a drought, you might dry up the water that's in that clay. And clay, you know, that water is basically like a glue. It's adhesive. And if you lose that adhesion, you also can get sinkholes.","Is there a way to detect if you have a sinkhole under your property someplace?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Deep holes in the ground that appear suddenly and continue to keep deeper happen for different reasons at different times.","questions":"Which term describes the sudden appearance of deep holes in the ground?","answer":"a"}
{"text":["Absolutely. I've had a wonderful experience getting to really collect a lot of the thoughts from this experience and interview a lot of my fellow soldiers and officers and found that I really enjoy collecting those interviews and collecting everyone's thoughts for pieces and putting them down into writing, and so I'd love to be able to continue that.","And I think it's a really interesting time in journalism. It's a tough time right now because we're sort of moving from the idea of print journalism and subscriptions into a lot of online readership. But from what I've read, readership online and viewership online is really skyrocketing. So now, you can get those stories out to a much larger audience, which I think will be a great and beneficial aspect in the next couple decades.","Yeah. Is there any area you want to focus on when you get back?Any particular subject matter?","Honestly, much to my mother's chagrin, I think I would like to come back to the Middle East and continue to cover a lot of the developments here, maybe Afghanistan, continue to cover a lot of our diplomatic efforts abroad."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The shift from print to online journalism will benefit the industry","questions":"How will the industry benefit?","answer":"Larger"}
{"text":["Are there specific goals you all are trying to achieve in terms of advancing one policy or another?","Yeah. So the overarching mission is really to support science for the public good. I think it's really important to say that when politicians attack science, it's not necessarily across the board. It's certain types of science. So if you look at climate change or public health, they're under attack from certain groups because, you know, they involve regulation or some businesses have an interest in them or there's some political thing to be gained for them. And so what we will be doing after the march is putting out a policy platform on all of these specific areas.","Is that a little like herding cats?I mean, I'm guessing the scientific community (laughter), like any other, is hardly monolithic in what it thinks is the way forward.","Well, this is what we have to do. Right?So if, at the end of the day, we get bogged down in research grants, we get bogged down in having to write the next paper - but we do science 'cause we care about improving society. And if that's what it takes for us to really, you know, bring all of these diverse voices into the room and figure out, you know, how we can be unified and how we can be a political force, that's where we're at at the moment. And we're going to push for that hard after the march."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implication of this statement is that the scientific community needs to come together and use their collective power to push for change.","questions":"Which community needs to come together and use their collective power to push for change?","answer":"Scientific"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me.","Let's begin with the top line of the report. We certainly know retail is suffering. We see stores all over America closing. Midtown Manhattan is having problems with retail space. We assume it's online shopping and delivery. But how many job losses do you fix specifically to the role of private equity?","Well, we found that over the last decade, 1. 3 million people lost their jobs at retailers that had been acquired by Wall Street private equity firms and hedge funds. During that same 10-year period, the retail sector had actually added an additional 1 million jobs. So what we find is that in key areas, Wall Street firms are destabilizing retailers. Toys R Us is a good example. Toys R Us was highly profitable when it filed for bankruptcy. Their private equity owners had loaded the company with debt and did not really invest in necessary technology upgrades to support e-commerce and to make it viable.","Well, let's peel back a phrase like Toys R Us was highly profitable when it filed for bankruptcy. That wouldn't seem to fit in the same sentence. But how do you explain that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Lets go back to what you said about Toys R Us being profitable when they filed for bankruptcy and talk about that more.","questions":"Which company was highly profitable when it filed for bankruptcy?","answer":"ToysRUs"}
{"text":["I'll say.","Dissection, anger, back and forth, denunciation by both major party presidential campaigns. Do you think that this cover crossed the line of propriety?","Of propriety?Perhaps. But what it - I think it did so for an urgent and good cause, which is to blow this stupid calumny about Obama away, once and for all. It travels as the subtext through all this polite conversation. I just saw some NBC report that was quoting a Newsweek poll saying 50 percent of Americans believe that Obama is or was a Muslim, or was signed - sworn in on the Koran to the Senate seat, and so on. It's madness. And I - it seems to me that showing the fevered image directly will be a possible way of looking at and dissipating that image.","I think as a result it's a fairly brave thing to do, in which the New Yorker's fulfilling its function at its best, which is to make people think and talk. And the New Yorker helped that discussion happen. And it's one of the times where I feel, hats off, New Yorker!They got it right, you know. This is not something that goes away by saying, but it's not seemly to discuss this.","But there are some people who are always going to read this un-ironically and say, well, yeah, he is a Muslim despite, you know."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Some people will misinterpret the New Yorker's cover story as confirming false rumors about Obama's religion.","questions":"How might some people misinterpret the New Yorker's cover story?","answer":"Confirming"}
{"text":["The Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi continues to oppose proceeding with impeachment, and there's no law that says she has to go forward if a majority of her caucus wants it. And something that you do hear in the nuance of these statements from members of the House is they're not putting a lot of pressure on the speaker. They're not vocally opposing her strategy, going after her. They're saying this is where they are personally, and, in fact, she's given them permission to do so. But they're not saying, you know, the leadership is wrong, and we've got to push this through. So there is some patience, I think, that allows the speaker to continue to move the process forward.","So she is still the engineer.","She is. I. . .","But not necessarily plotting the course. I told you this analogy would be hard to take.","(Laughter) Well, she has very firm control over the caucus of House Democrats. And, so far, they have deferred to her, even if they differ with her on where this train, as you put it, is likely to end up."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : House Democrats have been deferring to Pelosi's leadership despite some disagreement","questions":"How have House Democrats been responding to Pelosi's leadership despite disagreement?","answer":"Deferring"}
{"text":["Does an event like this and forecast like that have the effect of concentrating the mind of not just financial planners. . .",". . . but people in Congress making these decisions. And I hear a little laugh.","You would think it would. And in the past, it has. I mean, as they gotten closer to the deadline, enough fear spread that they could pass something or do something or kick the can or whatever. But this time, one of the things that makes this time feel different is that there really are a lot of House Republicans who say, ah, let it default. It'll just shrink the government, will be all good. And it is an act of - I don't even know how to describe it. It's insanity.","Yeah. Well, Austan Goolsbee, I believe, used that word. Quick last question, if we could. So, October 17th is a real deadline but you think some of the effects, potentially, will be down the road."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3).  In turn (3), the speaker acknowledges that in the past, fear of a deadline has spread enough for Congress to take action. However, this time feels different because there are House Republicans who believe that defaulting on the debt would shrink the government and be a good thing. The speaker goes on to describe this as an act of insanity. The implied meaning is that the speaker believes that defaulting on the debt would not be a good thing, and that it is not a sane or rational course of action. This is different from the literal meaning, which is that some House Republicans believe that defaulting on the debt would be a good thing.","questions":"Which word describes the House Republicans' proposed course of action as described by the speaker in turn 2?","answer":"Insanity"}
{"text":["I want to talk a little bit about the words that are used to describe wine. You know, normally we hear things like dry, oaky, buttery - I kind of understand what those mean. But sommeliers have a much more creative way of describing tasting notes that you might not hear in a restaurant.","Well, you get everything from the more straightforward fruits and vegetables. So it could be pomegranate, raspberry, blackberry, apple, pear, lemon. They can also range to the far more imaginative. There were times where I was sitting in a tasting group and I thought that I was hearing someone read from a Wiccan book of love spells.","(Laughter).","Burnt hair, desiccated strawberry, armpit, you know (laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  where the speaker uses words that are not typically associated with wine tasting, such as \"burnt hair,\" \"desiccated strawberry,\" and \"armpit,\" to describe the taste of wine. The implied meaning is that sommeliers use highly imaginative and unconventional ways to describe the taste of wine, which may not be easily understandable to the average person.","questions":"Which words does the speaker use to describe the taste of wine in an unconventional way?","answer":"Burnt,hair,desiccated,strawberry,armpit"}
{"text":["It's a really exciting time for us, Ira, to - it's only five years in, and it's been a tremendous success story for the company. Handsets really have taken off. We're at a point now where almost half of all handsets in the world made are smartphones with some type of touch capability.","And then I'm sure you know of tablet computers, are very exciting, have grown quite magnificently in the last few years. And the market is starting to think about expanding touch interfaces with the different devices. If you think about your laptop computer, for example, or monitors or tabletops, even the front of a refrigerator, there's a lot more applications out there, we feel.","We feel that touch and the interface of touch is only going to grow.","Do you have to design and engineer the glass specifically to be touched as a utility?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The actual meaning is that smartphones with touch capabilities have become very popular, not that handsets have literally taken off.","questions":"Which word in turn 0 suggests that the statement is not meant to be taken literally?","answer":"Literally"}
{"text":["Hi.","So we're going to start off with a letter about a rule known as the 72(t) rule. It comes from Joan Fantasia(ph). She lives here in Los Angeles. She's a retired journalist from the L. A.  Times. She's 53 years old. And she asks, can you explain the 72(t)?There is no way I can hold out until age 59-and-a-half to get my 401(k) money. What's going on here, Michelle?","Well. The 72(t) rule is a rule from the IRS that states that if you have an IRA, an individual retirement account, you can withdraw a fixed amount of money for a minimum of five years or until you're 59-and-a-half, whichever comes last. That's an important point. So, let's say you're just a year into this and you turn 59-and-a-half, you still have to play out that five-year rule. So it's whichever comes last. And basically owners have to still pay ordinary income on the distribution, but you don't have to pay that 10 percent penalty. So, since she's so close, she could utilize this. But you have to be very, very careful about that because if you miscalculate and you don't take enough or you take too much, you're going to be hit with that 10 percent penalty.","Here's a more general question. This comes from Loreen Lynn(ph). And she says, I am a fool with money. Is there a general book or books that cover the basics of finance?What do you recommend, Michelle?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is changing the subject to ask about the 72(t) rule instead of just saying hi.","questions":"How is PersonB initiating the discussion about the 72(t) rule?","answer":"Ask."}
{"text":["What the spoon is made of, of course, can change things because somebody else did some tests not that long ago with spoons made of different metals and found out that - what a lot of people believe - that different metal tastes different to your tongue - that for many people that's true. For some people, it's not so true. But they - these guys also played with things like what's the shape of the spoon?What's the color of the spoon?How heavy is it?All those things had some effect on people. The more interesting thing to me, at least today, is when people said the taste - that actually tasted different because of how it was served or what it was served in it. It was sweeter. It was saltier, whatever. You would think that couldn't change.","But it did. And one - I got about a few seconds here. But one of the more fascinating things, to me, from the study is that people were willing to pay almost 50 percent more for the same wine if it was served under a red light than if was under a white light.","Yeah, quite amazing, huh?And things served on different colored plates sometimes tasted sweeter to them.","Wow. Thank you, Marc. We'll see you again."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The taste of food is influenced by various factors such as the material, shape, color and weight of the utensils.","questions":"What are some factors that can influence the taste of food?","answer":"Material,Shape,Color,Weight"}
{"text":["Take Darwin, for example. His theory of evolution by natural selection, the key to that theory, the way favorable traits are passed on, it's through genes. The only problem is Darwin did not understand genetics. In fact, his original idea of how inheritance worked would have been discredited. It would have discredited the whole process of evolution.","And it's just one of the fascinating stories in my next guest's book, \"Brilliant Blunders: From Darwin to Einstein. \"Mario Livio is the author. He's also an astrophysicist at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore. Welcome back to SCIENCE FRIDAY, Dr.  Livio.","Thank you for having me, Ira.","All these people made great mistakes."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Darwin's theory of evolution has flaws due to his lack of understanding of genetics.","questions":"Which scientist's theory has flaws due to his lack of understanding of genetics?","answer":"Darwin"}
{"text":["Absolutely. They may, you know, be with someone, or as they play cards with other decks of playing cards, people talk, you know?We all - we all kind of fill that space. And so hopefully maybe some information that they've heard could prove valuable in cases as we work towards resolution.","How many cold cases do you have there on the books in Colorado?",">>SIMKINS Here in Colorado we have nearly 1,600 cases total. And when we identify a cold case, we are calling any unresolved homicide that is more than three years from the commission of crime a cold case. We're also including any long-term missing person cases and any unidentified remains.","There are only 52 cards in a deck of cards. So how do you decide which case makes the deck?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"as they play cards with other decks of playing cards, people talk\" - this is a metaphorical expression, suggesting that people communicate and exchange information in various ways, just like card players do.","questions":"What is the metaphorical expression mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Play-cards"}
{"text":["Tony, it's been a long time.","It has been a long time.","It's good to hear your voice, my friend.","Listen, Gil, you were one of the official inauguration photographers traveling with the Biden motorcade yesterday, in front of the Capitol today. I guess I should ask you this, did you get the money shot you were looking for?","Well, I'm working with a great team of photographers too. We're with the obamaphotobook. com group. We're the official inaugural book photographers, and certainly, I encourage any of your listeners, if they took any photographs here in Washington, D. C.  or even at home, send them in. We may include those photographs in the book. It's obamaphotobook. com, and you know, yeah, I got some - I think some decent photographs.","But yesterday was a particularly wonderful day because there was only one photographer plus myself with the vice president. And then to everyone's surprised, the then-President-elect Obama showed up at the Biden event, and so we got some - I think some pretty good stuff."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is asking A if he got a good photograph of the inauguration","questions":"What did PersonB ask PersonA about the photograph?","answer":"Photograph"}
{"text":["Yeah, it was highly publicized. Its image got all over the world.","And how - it has a unique design to it. Who designed it and why does it have the shape it has?","That's a really interesting question. There's - it's actually a complicated story. The chief architect was a man named John Graham Jr. , had a large architectural firm. He was mainly known as the man who invented the first really successful shopping mall, which was here in Seattle, Northgate. He had the task of creating the Space Needle. But he - they got stuck on the design. They had a doodle on a napkin. He had a bunch of architects who began looking at a tower-like structure. They were inspired by a tower, a broadcast tower in Germany, in Stuttgart, which had a restaurant on it. And so they knew they wanted an observation deck. But they were kind of open to what else they would do. They thought about putting a planetarium up there and a helicopter pad.","No kidding."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The object is a tower that is very tall and has a sharp point at the end.","questions":"Which feature of the tower is mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Sharp-point"}
{"text":["Reading this book, the thing that always shone through was that you never took no for an answer. You talk about, despite all your successes, always feeling like you might never be good enough, or that people were judging you. And yet, you always sort of came back swinging, sometimes literally.","I love the word no (laughter). Because of the ADD and the dyslexic, I couldn't follow anyone's formula at all. So no to me was the yes that I needed to hear. And I wanted to succeed so I could grow my team and grow my staff as well. And a lot has to do about Boston in general. I wanted to be somebody, you know?I think so.","Barbara Lynch - her book is called \"Out Of Line: A Life Of Playing With Fire. \"Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In this turn, the speaker says \"I love the word no\" and goes on to explain how the word \"no\" was actually a motivating force for them, rather than a discouraging one. This is different from the literal meaning of the word \"no,\" which is generally used to signify a negative response or refusal. The speaker's implication is that they have learned to reframe the word \"no\" in a positive way and use it as a tool for success.","questions":"What was the word that the speaker loved and used as a motivating force, despite its literal negative connotation?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["Yes, they are in re-settlement areas. For example, in Mozambique you have 258,000 people, 90,000 of whom have been displaced over the past month or so. In Malawi you already have 700 cholera cases that have been reported. You have about 152,000 people who have been affected. So they are moving away from their home areas into re-settlement camps.","Let's move to Kenya in the east of Africa. The talks between President Kibaki and opposition leader Raila Odinga continue today outside of Nairobi and the negotiations are being mediated by former U. N.  Secretary General Kofi Annan. Since the post-election violence began in late December, more than 1,000 people have been killed and hundreds of thousands have been displaced. There are also reports of a wave of sexual violence against women who've been displaced by this turmoil. So Cassandra, what's going on here?","Since the violence after the disputed elections on December 27th, we're seeing that this situation has put women and girls at great risk of sexual assault. We know that always in situations of conflict women and girls are in danger. And in Kenya it is no different. We are hearing reports from Nairobi, from the Nairobi general hospital, that there may be as many as double the number of cases of rape within the days following the eruption of the violence.","And what we know is that for every case that is being treated or is being reported, there are many more victims who fail to seek help."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The talks between Kibaki and Odinga are aimed at ending violence and unrest in Kenya.","questions":"Which country is experiencing a wave of sexual violence against displaced women due to the post-election violence?","answer":"Kenya"}
{"text":["And what's your percentage normally?","Normally, it's around 65 to 70 percent in practice.","It's a little easier when nobody is guarding.","Yeah, a little bit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The statement from B implies that there is some kind of activity or task involved between them that is easier to perform when there are no guards present.","questions":"Which activity is easier to perform when there are no guards present?","answer":"Not-mentioned"}
{"text":["The whistleblower still has not met with lawmakers or staff from those committees. The whistleblower's lawyers had been waiting for interim security clearances from the government so that they can accompany their client in any interviews or meetings with Congress. I'm told that those interim security clearances have come through, that they came through and took effect today, so that's a step forward. A source tells me that talks on setting up meetings with congressional committees are still taking place at this point, and there is no date set as of yet.","Another front to ask you about, Ryan, which is - three House committees today subpoenaed the Pentagon and the White House budget office. Do we know what they were subpoenaing, what they want?","Well, the House Intelligence, the House Oversight and the House Foreign Affairs Committees have been busy in the past week or so issuing subpoenas, all as part of this impeachment inquiry. They've already subpoenaed the White House and the State Department, as well as President Trump's personal attorney Rudy Giuliani.","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's not a front, but a different part of the government that is being asked about.","questions":"Which part of the government is being asked about in the statement?","answer":"Pentagon."}
{"text":["Let's get back to the news organizations who weren't permitted in this briefing. Now, I gather this kind of briefing is called a gaggle. What happened?","That's right.","Were you there?What did you see?","Well, what happened is instead of the daily on-camera briefing, Sean Spicer called a gaggle so he could talk to the pool. That's the small group of reporters that go places where the entire press corps can't fit. And then they share their transcripts and their notes with everyone else in the press corps. The White House said this gaggle would have an extended pool. And turns out they invited some additional organizations, but they pointedly excluded others like CNN, The New York Times, Politico. NPR was not there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that the speaker wants to know what happened during the gaggle and why certain news organizations were excluded.","questions":"How did the White House treat certain news organizations during the gaggle?","answer":"Excluded"}
{"text":["Yeah. It's interesting. In Japan, it's the same prime minister that was in place six years ago, but the political environment, I think, has shifted in some dramatic ways. And so I think one of the interesting aspects of the Japanese situation is that the LDP has returned to power. The Liberal Democratic Party has returned to power. But now they have a party that is to the right of them.","And so we talk about those two states. And, of course, the other major player, the biggest in the region, China, where Xi Jinping took command just last month, formally.","That's right. I think we're still waiting to see how China's foreign policy priorities are really going to develop under Xi. The process seems to be moving slowly, and it's not necessarily terribly transparent at this point. We know there are new top leaders in the room, but it's just not clear exactly how they're making decisions or whether they're going to change much in terms of China's overall priorities.","And transparency's a problem in Beijing. It's positively - well, murky is too easy a word for what's going on in Pyongyang."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The situation in Pyongyang is extremely unclear and difficult to understand","questions":"How would you describe the clarity of the situation in Pyongyang?","answer":"Murky"}
{"text":["Yes.","And even lesbians, people like Ellen, who are incredibly powerful in Hollywood, and in the entertainment industries across the board. Why is that not the case for - why can't there be the equivalence in the African-American world?","Yeah, you're absolutely correct, you know, and I state those claims before, you know, and - you know, like a Bill Ga - I mean David Geffen, Ellen, Rosie, George Michael, John - Elton John, Lance Bass, like a lot of these people, you know, unfortunately are white counterparts, and colleagues are able to come out of the closet.","Their community supports them, because as I expressed in my book, they have a nurturing environment, where for them, sex and sexuality has always been a dialog and a discussion within their community. They have communities where they exist, and they help support one each other - one another, especially (unintelligible) in Los Angeles, you have West Hollywood. In Atlanta, you know, you have the Midtown area. In D. C. , you have Dupont, San Francisco. New York, you have Chelsea."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Lesbians are powerful in Hollywood but African-Americans are not.","questions":"How are lesbians represented in Hollywood compared to African-Americans?","answer":"Lesbians"}
{"text":["And any idea how long it'll take until we can see the Afro emoji?","It's a pretty lengthy process. I hope that they're listening. And I hope that they know that we all really want this.","Rihanna Jones, freelance writer and Afro emoji proponent, thank you so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer","questions":"What was the topic of the discussion in the dialogue?","answer":"Afro"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me.","So first, let me ask, you know, how bad is the outbreak?How many people have died?And what did you see as you traveled into the countryside?","At the moment, there have been 600 confirmed and suspected cases according to the ministry of health. You know, the biggest worry is that the virus or the disease is spreading slowly or down south to Goma, which is the regional capital in eastern Congo. If Ebola hits Goma, then there are real fears that the crisis could spread globally because the city sits on the border with Rwanda. And it also has an international airport. And, you know, international organizations like the WHO have already started kind of contingency plans by setting up a treatment center there and vaccinating future frontline workers.","Now, as you traveled, you found that these regional militias known as the Mai-Mai were really interfering with the health workers, and the health workers sort of had to negotiate in order to be able to get to people to help them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The health workers had to use tactics to convince the Mai-Mai to let them access people in need of help.","questions":"Which group interfered with the health workers in accessing people in need of help?","answer":"Mai-Mai"}
{"text":["Exactly. Well, they, you know, they have a head start in knowing at least that they're meant to be living in the nervous system, which means that there's a little bit of built-in safety and stability that may not quite exist in cells. They can become and kind cell to.","And how long are they effective for in the life of the mice they're injected into?","Well, in the mice that we've looked at, they were effective throughout the lifespan of the animal. So they were present, having their action and, you know, ultimately the animals do die. But it raises the question of, well, what about if we re-dose the animals?Would we have an even longer effect?Would we increase even the area that the stem cells were able to engraft in?Would we have a better effect?You know, that is where the investigations now need to go.","All right. Dr.  Snyder, thank you for taking time to be with is today and happy holiday to you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Stem cells are more stable and safe than cells but can become any cell type","questions":"Which cells have a head start in knowing they're meant to be living in the nervous system?","answer":"Nervous"}
{"text":["Thank you.","The next justice will be conservative. I think it's pretty safe to say that. But you write that conservative justices aren't all conservative in the same way. So could you explain?","Sure. Conservative judicial philosophy can mean a lot of things. Most prominently, what people talk about is that the judge focuses closely on the text and original understanding of the Constitution. But there are other philosophies that are associated with conservatism, as well. One is there's a libertarian strand of conservatism, which basically focuses on freedom from the state. And then there's an important strand of conservatism that says that judges should defer to the legislature and not get way out ahead of the people in terms of recognizing social rights. So, sometimes, the deference strand of conservatism conflicts with the other two.","You write that liberals are too confident in their despair, and conservatives are too jubilant. And you hinged that on Chief Justice John Roberts, who is conservative but could take on the mantle of the swing vote."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The hinge is just the importance of the information being placed on the Chief Justice. This person would not take on a mantle but just vote in a way that changes the outcome.","questions":"Which word describes how Chief Justice John Roberts would vote, according to the statement?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["Many of the smartest people in the world, the most engaged people in the world are also linguistically colorful, and sometimes you have to. . . .","Backtrack a bit. On that note, have you called the senator or spoken with the senator since. . . ?","I spoke with his staff. Our friendship remains intact and I do not want anything that was said in any guise to distract from his message and our support for his campaign.","Now during the '84 campaign you called New York \"Hymietown\" while speaking with a black Washington Post reporter, and you got a lot of heat for that. So, this I understand occurred when you spoke when you thought a mike was closed. So what have you learned about interacting with us in the media from all this stuff?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : linguistically colorful implies being very good or bright in linguistic ","questions":"Which kind of people are linguistically colorful?","answer":"People"}
{"text":["Iran airstrike - canceled. Raids on immigrants here in the United States without authorization - canceled. President Trump has promised and then gone back on a number of signature actions this past week. And here to illuminate us, as she does almost every week, is NPR's national political correspondent Mara Liasson.","Good morning, Mara.","Good morning, Lulu.","All right, let's start with Iran. That is a very dangerous situation. Where does the president's policy stand after calling off the airstrikes?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She does not light them up but tells them what is going on with everything.","questions":"What does Mara do every week according to B?","answer":"contributor"}
{"text":["Yeah.","I love salt.","You didn't see that coming. (Laughter) You love salt.","I totally didn't.","That's an essential mineral."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A: \"You didn't see that coming.\" - This phrase is often used figuratively to express surprise or unexpectedness, rather than referring to literal visual perception.","questions":"Which phrase is often used figuratively to express surprise or unexpectedness in turn 2?","answer":"Surprise"}
{"text":["There's definite bright spots. If you're Wal-Mart, you're doing fine. If you're Costco, you're doing fine. If you're Family Dollar, you're doing fine. If you're Dollar Tree, you're doing fine.","The consumer is trading down. Starbucks closes 600 stores, but McDonalds is doing fine. Bennigans closes all their stores. Steak and Ale closes all their stores, but Burger King is booming. There is a story out there. The consumer is in major trade-down mode. If you're in position to take advantage of that, you win.","What about hiring?Stores hire a lot of temporary workers around this time for the holiday season. What's going on there?","Well, we've got 82 clients. All of them, across the board, are planning to hire fewer people and for fewer hours. Hiring is going to be way down, inventory is down, sales is down; it's all down. You know, we've lost an average of 85,000 jobs a month so far this year. Unemployment is going to skyrocket, in our view, to 7 and a half, 8 percent. All the stores have canceled expansion plans, cutting back on investments. They're not opening new stores. They're closing stores, and they're slashing hiring budgets."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There is a shift in consumer behavior towards cheaper options, benefiting certain businesses.","questions":"What kind of businesses benefit from the shift in consumer behavior towards cheaper options?","answer":"Wal-Mart"}
{"text":["Yes. In Los Angeles, we made a commitment a number of years ago to only purchase any new buses into our fleet that would operate on alternative fuels. And what we have today is the largest compressed natural gas bus fleet in the country. And that's doing a lot to help improve our air quality here.","What's the difference between compressed natural gas and regular gasoline in terms of, you know, how it affects the environment?","Well compressed natural gas is a much cleaner fuel.","You know, let's just take a look at Los Angeles' demographics. You have people from incredibly wealthy to incredibly poor. You have immigrants, native-born people who've come here from other parts of the U. S. , people, of course, who were born here. How do you think L. A. 's demographics affect the need for public transportation?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The city of Los Angeles has made a conscious effort to reduce air pollution by implementing alternative fuel sources for public transportation.","questions":"Which city has the largest compressed natural gas bus fleet in the country?","answer":"Angeles"}
{"text":["That work by Nick Holonyak and colleagues went on to be the basis for just about every LED starting back - staring back at you, you know, those little red lights on the little devices?This was the first one. Nick also did pioneering work on other electronic devices, including lasers. And when the Applied - the journal of Applied Physics Letters drew up a list of the five most important papers it had published up to 2006, Nick's name was on two of them. And he's here to talk to us now.","Nick Holonyak is the John Bardeen Endowed Chair in Electrical and Computer Engineering and Physics in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois in Urbana, Illinois. He joins us by phone. Welcome back to the program, Nick.","Thanks, Ira. You and I talked about this stuff in Washington when the MIT Lemelson Prize was given. Remember?And so this is our second contact, maybe more.","I'm hopeful we have a lot more to go, and I want you to - let's talk about this 50 - the anniversary."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The LED lights we see in daily devices originated from Nick's work","questions":"What is the basis for every LED?","answer":"Holonyak"}
{"text":["Well, let's stay with these two big items on the to-do list next week. As you said, the specter of the government running out of money on Friday tends to focus the mind. What will Speaker Ryan's strategy be for getting this done next week?","Just to get as many people on board - get that 216. . .","Get those 216. . .",". . . Seventeen, however many people they need depending on how many votes there are. And I tend to think that there's going to be enough votes to do that. And the White House is not going to stand in Speaker Ryan's way. And there's really - even the Freedom Caucus, the sort of thorn in the side of House leadership, are not going to do that either because nobody. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: Get enough votes to pass the legislation, no matter the number of votes required.","questions":"How many people need to be on board to get the legislation passed?","answer":"Enough"}
{"text":["A lot of my time will be really spent spreading the good word about restorative justice. I also really want to deepen my understanding and lifting up of the indigenous roots from which much of restorative justice comes from and sort of the original teachings that come from Mennonite communities and my own faith tradition - the Tibetan system of justice prior to Chinese occupation - and so the roots in Buddhism there. These are the things that I think I'm really excited about having some time and space to research and learn more about. How do we bring these teachings and these learnings into our secular practices of justice-making in the United States?This seems like a good use of the time.","Well, congratulations. Keep us posted on what you do next. We can't wait to hear.","Thank you so much.","That's sujatha baliga. She is the director of the Restorative Justice Project at the Impact Justice Research Center in Oakland. This week, she became one of the latest recipients of the MacArthur Fellowship - the so-called Genius Grant - for her work in the area of restorative justice. Sujatha baliga, thanks so much for talking to us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Buddhism is not actually planted but it was the first religion in the area that others came from.","questions":"How does Sujatha Baliga plan to incorporate indigenous teachings into justice-making in the United States?","answer":"research"}
{"text":["Of course that's what somebody would say that. It's oozing with privilege, right?When we look at women's issues, women's rights, this is a scope in which a man should not have any say on. And I think that it's so asinine for people to - men in particular - to think, like, this is a personal issue. This is something that is true in the world. It's - it can only happen to women. Men will never have to face pregnancy ever. And the people who are going to talk about policies and these protections are going to be men.","Is it true that all the people who negotiate these contracts at Nike are men?","They're all men that are - within house at Nike have been and are all men. It's an old boys club. The culture at Nike is - that's - it remains to be an old boys club. And this is the time for it to be exposed. You know, the time is now.","That was Olympian and former USA champion Alysia Montano. Alysia Montano, thank you so much for talking to us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Men should not have a say in women's issues and rights","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion about who should talk about policies and protections related to women's issues?","answer":"Women"}
{"text":["Those same streaks are in Europe. We're seeing people who are rebelling against the European Union, the open market, the open borders, who are rebelling against migration and refugees and who have lost out or feel that they have lost out on globalization and trade and are now opposing trade. So the same phenomenon we see here in the United States you also see in Europe. And in that sense, we are having a crisis that really affects Western liberal democracies writ large.","I wonder what you'd say, Mr. Ambassador, to a citizen of Belgium or France who might say now a united Europe is just too bureaucratic and too centralized to protect its population.","Well, I think that is a sentiment you are hearing increasingly in places like Belgium and France that - the problem is that the threat is not just from without but it is also from within. Belgian citizens, people born in Belgium, blew up the metro station and airport, where French citizens born in France who blew up the concert hall and stadium in - last November.","That threat needs to be dealt with not only by the countries themselves but can more effectively be dealt with by the Europeans coming together, sharing intelligence, which is not what they're doing right now, protecting their external borders much better than they have been able to do, rather than each individually trying to deal with this challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"sharing intelligence\" and \"protecting their external borders\" - These are non-literal uses of \"sharing\" and \"protecting\" meaning \"cooperating and exchanging information\" and \"strengthening border security,\" respectively, not literal physical actions.","questions":"What do \"sharing\" and \"protecting\" mean in turn 3?","answer":"Cooperation"}
{"text":["Right.","But a lot has happened. How are you feeling about President Trump's stand on immigration now?","Well, look. I said that my position is nuanced. I believe immigration is good for the country. There are aspects of President Trump's immigration proposals that I agree with. I do believe in fencing. It does work. It has shown that it works to disrupt illegal entry.","You mean the wall, the proposed wall."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Well, look. I said that my position is nuanced. I believe immigration is good for the country. There are aspects of President Trump's immigration proposals that I agree with. I do believe in fencing. It does work. It has shown that it works to disrupt illegal entry.  In this turn, the actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not just saying \"yes\" or agreeing with the previous speaker's statement. Instead, they are expressing a more nuanced view on the topic of immigration and specifically on President Trump's stand on immigration. They go on to explain that they believe immigration is good for the country and that there are some aspects of President Trump's proposals that they agree with, but they also have their own opinions and preferences, such as believing in fencing to disrupt illegal entry.","questions":"Which proposal did the speaker mention they agree with?","answer":"Fencing"}
{"text":["Yeah. But you keep going and you keep going with the help of your friends and your family and something like songwriting, your art. It gives you purpose and meaning in life.","There must be moments there you say, well, let's hang it up?","You know, as we talked - as you mentioned grief as a companion, without putting it in a tidy box, grief also is a guide. And I think it helps you relearn how you are in the world. And, you know, that's just how you use the things that you have, at least that's how I have.","An organizing principle, in a way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B has found purpose and meaning in life despite grief.","questions":"How has PersonB coped with grief?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Winston Churchill, we always have to quote him once in a while, right?He said that jaw-jaw was better than war-war. And no matter how awful the war of words may get, it's only serious, really, if it leads to real war. And if North Korea is truly a nuclear power now, any thought of a military solution is somewhere between horrific and unthinkable.","And the Mueller investigation's widening?","We do see more evidence that the Mueller investigation thinks it has some kind of goods on Paul Manafort, former campaign chairman for Donald Trump. He also seems to think he can use whatever he has on Manafort to pry loose more stuff on other campaign figures. Is this going to reach the president himself?At this point, that does not seem to be indicated. But this probe is going to continue and get a lot more uncomfortable for the president before it's over.","NPR's Ron Elving. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Winston Churchill, we always have to quote him once in a while, right? He said that jaw-jaw was better than war-war. And no matter how awful the war of words may get, it's only serious, really, if it leads to real war. And if North Korea is truly a nuclear power now, any thought of a military solution is somewhere between horrific and unthinkable.  In this turn, the implied meaning is that engaging in diplomatic discussions and negotiations (\"jaw-jaw\") is preferable to engaging in armed conflict (\"war-war\"). The speaker suggests that although verbal conflicts can be intense, they are not as severe as actual wars. Additionally, the speaker implies that considering a military solution in the context of North Korea's nuclear power status would be extremely dangerous and should be avoided.","questions":"Which famous figure is mentioned in turn 0 and offers the opinion that \"jaw-jaw\" is better than \"war-war\"?","answer":"Winston-Churchill"}
{"text":["Both the trains slowed. I was standing there with my bag over my shoulder, ready to jump. It was windy. It was cold. It was kind of getting dark. And so they finally lined up the cars correctly, and I was told to run across the loose rocks and jump on to the other train.","The conductor on the other train pulled me on to that car. Once I was onboard, another conductor came through the car, and she said to me, don't get up when we get to Milwaukee. What I heard from her was don't get up, or I will kill you. I did not move the rest of the trip.","So I get to Saint Paul. I'm looking for my brother. He's late. So he gets there, and I ask him, why were you late?And he says, well, I checked the train schedule, and it said it was running behind. Oh, that was because of me.","A travel nightmare with a happy ending from Anne Fleury in Milwaukee. Send us your stories, please. Go to weekendeditionsaturday@npr. org. Click on contact. Put Travel Nightmare at the top of your message."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation was dire and I was desperate to get to my destination.","questions":"What was the state of the trains?","answer":"Slowed"}
{"text":["Yeah. There was actually at this last Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, there was a talk about a possible Mercurian meteorite.","Would you know it if you found it?","That's the good question. I mean in the case of the Mars meteorites and the moon meteorites, there's actually - we have pieces of evidence from other sciences that can relate to that. And we know that these things are fairly solid. But in the case of a Mercurian meteorite, that would be a little bit harder to do, but it wouldn't be impossible. Hopefully there might be a sample returned sometime in the future.","So there could be around us now and we wouldn't know it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : THere may be mercurian meteorites in the solar system, although not as close \"as around us\" implies","questions":"How far could the Mercurian meteorites be from us in the solar system?","answer":"Impossible"}
{"text":["Yes, I think there probably would be. There are certainly places in Australia and potentially in South Africa where one could look. But the number of places where rocks of this age are preserved or well-preserved is rather few. Most of them have got sort of cooked and baked and shoved up and down by mountain buildings and the like.","And so you often have to look inside the interiors of very large and very ancient continents: North America around the margins of Canada; or in Australia, both of which are very ancient continental masses.","So what happened to the smell?Why doesn't the world smell like rotten eggs today?","Well, it's true that these bacteria are still active, and of course if you pass a blocked drain or something like that, you can see that smell, and it's exactly the same activity going on. Bacteria are eating other things, eating algae, eating other bacteria. And the reason you don't smell it is because the creatures that were living at the surface, the fossils that we first saw, were producing oxygen by photosynthesis."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Canada and Australia have ancient continental masses which you can look inside the interior.","questions":"Which continents have ancient masses?","answer":"Canada"}
{"text":["Two and four.","What happens when school comes along?","That is the million dollar question in so many cities. My wife is extremely active in the local schools and extremely supportive of our extremely local schools right next to our house, which are, as we speak, being shut down and consolidated and struggling. But that is why a lot of people are leaving the city because they see a better school system, even as D. C. 's improves. In many inner cities, schools improve, they see a better system just outside of town. So, we happen to be in with our two kids an excellent charter school. The downside there though, and this is a very interesting discussion, is that we not have a bit of a commute. My wife typically drives our kids to school. And she says, you know, I didn't move to the city to be a suburban commuter.","It strikes me. Towards the end of your book you have this beautiful section about a beautiful urban vision of - a lot of people remember - Mary Tyler Moore walking the streets of Minneapolis - and you're going to - and throwing her hat up in the air.","Yep. Mary Tyler Moore brings up a couple of really interesting things. The most interesting discussion is - I mean, what TV shows did I watch when I was a kid?\"Gilligan's Island,\" \"Partridge Family,\" \"Brady Bunch\". . .","Well, say what you will about \"Gilligan's Island. \"That was a walkable environment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : (6) Implies an appreciation and admiration of \"Gilligan's Island\" as a walkable environment.","questions":"How does PersonB feel about \"Gilligan's Island\" as a walkable environment?","answer":"Admiration"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. Some of the stories seem to have sort of a moral to them, like the one - mysterious one I'm going to call the rectum in a jar.","Yeah, this is the case of the rectum of the Bishop of Durham. If you go to London and you visit the Hunterian Museum, it's a wonderful, wonderful - one - in fact, one of the world's few remaining big medical museums. It's part of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. If you go and visit it, on display on the main floor inside a jar is something they call object RCSHC\/P192. The label identifies it as being the preserved rectum of the Bishop of Durham, and we're talking about Thomas Thurlow, who was born in 1737, died in 1791. Would you like to hear the story of why it's in a jar in London on display?","With that kind of teaser, how could I not?","OK. The - that particular Bishop of Durham was a rich and powerful man. And he came down with some ailments and called in one of the celebrated doctors of the day, John Hunter, a man who, years later, went on to found this museum. Dr.  Hunter examined him and told him he had an incurable disease and that it was bad news. The bishop did not want to accept this news, so he was very insulting to this doctor and instead went and insult - and consulted a cattle doctor who gave him some kind of nostrum."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Bishop insulted the doctor who diagnosed his incurable disease","questions":"Which person did the Bishop insult after he received his diagnosis?","answer":"Doctor"}
{"text":["So, 3,000 people, more than that, are on death row. Forty-two people were executed in 2007, half of them were African-Americans. What has been the breakdown racially and in terms of other demographics of people who actually, you know, go on death row or are executed?","Well, the numbers of African-Americans on death row is about 42 percent, compared to their numbers in the population at about 12 percent. So, there's a disproportionate number of African-Americans on death row. The numbers executed is a little less, about 34 percent, but still disproportionate.","However, the biggest factor in race in the death penalty is that it depends whom you kill in the murder that got you on death row. If you kill a white person, then you really have a death penalty case that's four or five times more likely that a person, white or black, will get the death penalty if they killed a white person than if they killed a black person, which is sort of putting a value on the victims' lives by color.","So basically, all crimes are not equal. That's what you're saying."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : black per person implies African American person  and not a black color human being ","questions":"What factor determines a death penalty case's likelihood if a person killed a white person?","answer":"Victim's"}
{"text":["Look. We - no - we have low-skilled workers who come to this country all the time. . .","Low skills is different than no skills.",". . . Well, low skill - that's what the chief was talking about. We're talking about bringing in the best and brightest from around the world. That's not what is occurring now. But let's not pretend for a second we have a mean, heartless immigration policy. We have the most generous immigration policy in the world. So to pretend as though, somehow, we're closing off to the world is just ridiculous. What this president and what the chief of staff was talking about is we want people in this country who have a lot to offer the United States, who are the best and the brightest. And right now our immigration system as such - we don't get that.","I'm afraid I got to come back to the McCain question one more time because, you know, we wouldn't keep asking it if someone in the White House would say, look. I wish it hadn't happened. He's a great American. He's given great service to the country. He might be in his last days. Let's just shut down this controversy and say, thank you for everything you've done for America. But why won't the White House say that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Having low skills is not the same as having no skills","questions":"Which characteristic of the workers was the chief referring to?","answer":"Low"}
{"text":["We're going to talk through this now with Jamil Jaffer. He was a lawyer in the White House under President George W.  Bush. And he was senior counsel to the House intel committee. He joins us now. Welcome back.","Thanks, Lulu. Good to be here.","All right. We have the Democratic memo. What have you learned from reading it?","Well, look. I think that what we've learned is there's a real debate here between the two sides about the substance of this application on Carter Page, the FISA application and the three renewals. And, you know, what was going on here?According to the Republican memo, it was a highly slanted investigation. Information from this dossier, which has largely been discredited now, was used to obtain the surveillance.","And for the Democrats, you see a response that says, no, in fact, there were lots of sources of information. The memo was but one source and that this was a long, ongoing investigation long before they even heard about the memo. And we ought not believe the Republicans' claims. And so we have a very clear now debate. The American people can read both memos and have a honest discussion about, you know, who has the right of this here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Republican memo was biased and used unreliable information.","questions":"Which memo was claimed to have used unreliable information?","answer":"Republican"}
{"text":["This was after years of drift. There is this new energy, this new vigor in this relationship, and there's also enormous excitement, Scott, over the president and the first lady returning to India. The president has this coveted seat at this dazzling display of Indian military hardware during Monday's Republic Day parade, which is actually meant to commemorate the Constitution. And he'll see in a flyover this huge U. S. -made Super Hercules lifter, a testament to the close defense ties between India and the U. S.","And is the president arriving at a time of enthusiasm in India?","Oh, he certainly is. They're here at a very heavy time. The stock market is on this bull run. It's hitting record highs. The IMF predicts that India's growth will actually outpace China's by 2016. So there's this energy here and there's this hope for improving the lives of 1. 2 billion people, but that requires a lot of change. And that's what the president won't necessarily see - the 300 million Indians who don't have electricity, the 600 million who don't have access to clean toilets.","Speaking of energy, should we expect anything concrete out of these meetings?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"heavy time\" is a figurative expression that conveys the intensity of the situation, particularly the high level of activity and enthusiasm in India.","questions":"Which expression conveys the intensity of the situation in India?","answer":"Energy"}
{"text":["I just said I don't think. At the moment, I can't think of one. How do you follow \"Death of a Salesman\"?I actually can't, I mean, I suppose I could add \"Long Day's Journey into Night. \"But I never get a feel to do it again. And anyway, \"Long Day's Journey into Night,\" we've seen it most - pretty recently. I actually can't think of anything, but I don't need to. I'm perfectly happy at home.","Well, that's a luxury.","Yeah.","Do you go back and see your plays often after they're up and running?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Well, that's a luxury\" is an idiomatic expression that means \"That's a privilege\" or \"That's a rare and fortunate thing to have.\"","questions":"How would you describe the meaning of \"Well\"?","answer":"Privilege"}
{"text":["I watched the movie \"Concussion,\" and that kind of really gave me some insight onto what could happen if I kept on playing football and some of the injuries that could occur.","So nobody had ever spoken to you about this before - your coach, your family. It wasn't something that really was on your radar at all.","No, it really wasn't any of my concern. I wasn't really worried about it. You know, I had a head injury my junior year in football and then, you know, I kind of just shrugged it off, didn't think it was much of anything","So looking at the film with Will Smith, you thought, hey, I'm a football player. I'm, you know, in high school. And if I keep this up, something terrible could happen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker was able to empathize with the film's portrayal of the risks associated with playing football, realizing that their own participation in the sport could have serious consequences. This suggests the power of media and storytelling to influence and educate individuals about important issues.","questions":"What did the speaker do after watching the movie \"Concussion\"?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Well, I think what I heard - and I heard it over the three days - is that the president is not going to let up pressure on Japan, on Prime Minister Abe on trade. Despite the close personal relationship, despite all the pageantry of this visit, it was just at the surface that the president was getting a little irritated with the arguments that Japan has been making on trade.","I think that this is not going to bode well for how this is going to end up. Mr.  Abe doesn't have a lot of latitude to give the president what he wants. But I think they're trying very hard to keep it from bursting the seams, so to speak, on the overall political strategic relationship.","What about on North Korea?As Anthony alluded to there, President Trump contradicted not only his host, the prime minister, but his own national security adviser, John Bolton, on the significance of these recent missile launches from North Korea and whether they violate U. N.  Security Council resolutions. How significant a disagreement is that between Tokyo and Washington?","I think that will be a disappointment for Prime Minister Abe for a couple of reasons. You know, again, President Trump said he was not personally concerned about the tests, still trying to lay out what I think he thinks is the base for a bargain with Kim Jong Un, and that is an economic development strategy by North Koreans that will then mitigate the military challenge."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite the friendly relations between the US and Japan, the President is unhappy with Japan's trade policies and is pressuring Prime Minister Abe to make changes.","questions":"Which country's trade policies is the President pressuring Prime Minister Abe to change?","answer":"Japan"}
{"text":["Possibly more powerful or an offshoot of these, yes. Yeah, there's no doubt. This has been - Flame has, looks like, created probably around maybe 2007, 2008. So you know, we're talking five years ago, and Stuxnet was created a little bit after that. And then you've got Duqu that came out a year after Stuxnet. So these are just three of them, and yeah, there's no doubt that there are others.","And once again you say that for people who are concerned, if you update your Windows, Microsoft has a patch out now too, doesn't it, it should remove it from your PC?","Well, Microsoft's patch is different. Microsoft patches the vulnerabilities that the Flame used to spread on a machine or to get on a machine. But if you have antivirus updates, that's the thing that will prevent you from getting infected as well.","And is there any possibility that this was done by a bunch of hobbyists or people who wanted, you know, to just show that they wanted to get into systems?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  A's turn has a different actual meaning from its literal meaning. When A says \"Microsoft patches the vulnerabilities that the Flame used to spread on a machine or to get on a machine,\" they mean that Microsoft released a patch to fix the vulnerabilities that the Flame malware exploited to infect computers. The literal meaning might suggest that Microsoft somehow \"patches\" the Flame malware itself, which is not what is happening.","questions":"What does Microsoft's patch do to prevent the Flame malware from infecting a computer?","answer":"Prevents"}
{"text":["About a year ago, my husband started getting Facebook friend invitations from like every girl he ever went to school with, and it seemed as if half of them confessed crushes on him.","Lissa Soep quickly figured out social networking sites not only allowed her to get back in touch with people - her husband could reconnect with folks from his past, too. But it turns out that's not all bad.","These were girls frozen in his memory with teenage breasts, AP English minds, and a sense that anything was possible. Like this one girl from seventh grade. She friended my husband on Facebook and then reminisced about the day his family moved away. She put on her favorite dress, painted her nails purple, and worked up all her courage to hug him goodbye. Isn't that so funny, she wrote. How silly we are as kids?","You think I'd be mad or at least threatened by all this nostalgia, but I wasn't. For a split second, at least, my husband was less familiar to me, and I mean that in a good way. With so many people my age riding Facebook like a time machine to our past lives and loves, you might expect the site would be breaking up marriages or at least unleashing all sorts of digital infidelity. Some of that is happening."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : crushes in this context means to like somebody.","questions":"What did Lissa Soep figure out about social networking sites?","answer":"Reconnect"}
{"text":["Yes. The, quote, unquote - they said my family still stays in Pakistan, and I will inherit a little amount of money when my parents pass away and that my fiance still lives in Pakistan. And these are the reasons that they knew - even my recruiters knew even before I joined the U. S.  military. If they wanted to deny me, they could have denied me at the time of recruitment. But they made me wait two and a half years in limbo. And that impacted my studies a lot.","And I gather this week the U. S.  Army reinstated more than 30 recruits. But were you one of them?","I was not. The memo from the Department of Defense said that all the recruits who got discharged after July 20, they will be reinstated. And I got discharged on July 1. So it does not make any sense why the people after July 20 can get reinstated and not me.","How do you feel?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A's family and fiance being in Pakistan were used as excuses to discriminate against them in the military","questions":"How were PersonA's personal connections used against them in the military?","answer":"excuses"}
{"text":["Let's talk about this article, written by Emory's president, James Wagner. It appeared in the Emory University alumni magazine. It hit the presses. You read it. What was your reaction?","My first response was that it was a misreading of the three-fifths compromise and of what a successful compromise could be. In addition to the sort of strict historical interpretation of that compromise, the way that popular culture, and particularly African-Americans- see that compromise is that it is a way of counting African-Americans as three-fifths of a person, three-fifths of a human being. So, I knew that even if the historical interpretation of popular culture was wrong, it would strike a very bad chord among African-Americans and among others. I mean, I want to emphasize that this is something that is not an idea that's simply bound by race. But I knew that in terms of African-Americans, it would be particularly striking that he use that as an example of compromise.","Describe the reaction you saw once the article hit.","Well, for about two weeks, there was nothing, and then, I think, the Salon. com piece sent things out over the Internet. And Saturday, when that piece appeared, I had five emails. And people, friends - both historians at other institutions, folks at Emory - were very disturbed by this article."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is asking the listener for their opinion about the article, and how it was received by the public.+++","questions":"Which aspect of the article is the PersonA's primary concern?","answer":"Compromise"}
{"text":["Well, to be quite honest with you, at the end of the day, when you're looking at a product that is an adult product - and that's how we see it - the adult has the ability to choose.","But why blueberry, vanilla and cherry - why those flavors?","Actually, you know, we have quite a few individuals that like the blueberry. For me, it gets old quick. So therefore, I have, like, more coffee flavors. But the point is cherry and strawberry are actually fairly popular flavors amongst adults.","And when we're talking about flavors, we're not talking about those kind of flavors. We're talking about the cotton candy type of flavors. We steer away from any flavors that expressly go after a particular target market audience. And those flavors we obviously will never carry, never made and will never participate in our lineup."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : at the end of the day means something is likely going to happen or what happens after everything else.","questions":"Which phrase suggests that the company avoids flavors that target a specific market audience?","answer":"Expressly"}
{"text":["And the other one is silencers or suppressors - a push to deregulate those devices. And that hasn't gone through. So the big ticket items that the NRA wants the NRA doesn't get. You mentioned at the top there this idea of strengthening background checks. I think it's important to be specific about what's under discussion there. There is bipartisan legislation. And what it would do would provide grants to the states to make sure that all of the records that show that a person is prohibited from owning a gun get into the databases that are scanned during a background check.","Mr.  Burnett, there's renewed interest on the sale of assault weapons. A ban went into effect in 1994. It expired 10 years later. Based on your reporting, what effect did that ban have?","There is some evidence - and we talk about assault - bans on assault-style weapons. What a lot of public safety experts say is the most meaningful piece of that is a restriction on how large the magazine - the ammunition magazine - that's basically how many rounds the gun can hold at one time, can be fired at one time before you have to reload.","Is there, in your mind, compelling evidence that the ban on assault weapons actually succeeded in banning assault weapons or reduced the supply or use of assault weapons and criminal activity?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"big ticket items\" - this is an idiom meaning important or valuable items, not actual physical tickets.","questions":"What does the idiom \"big ticket items\" refer to?","answer":"Items"}
{"text":["So tell us what happened on the site last week.","Well I mean, what the culmination of a week of DDoS attacks, you know, it started off on Monday with DDoS attacks. And basically what that means is. . .","Please, go ahead. I was about to ask you what that meant.","Yeah. What happens is, you know, basically they send out little robots. They put robots on computers across the country, which make requests your website, which essentially brings your website down because of an overload of requests. So a DDoS stands for denial of service. And they do that by basically clogging up your arteries, basically, with actual requests from robots that are not regular people, and overwhelming your server."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : DDoS attacks are like clogging up your arteries with requests, overwhelming the server.","questions":"Which type of attacks overwhelm the server by clogging up the arteries of requests?","answer":"DDoS"}
{"text":["What are you, Lisa, most thankful for this holiday season?","I'm thankful I don't have the banks on my butt.","Does that make any sense?","It does. Do a lot of other businesses there locally that might not be affected by the baby boom - are they having a harder time?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : I'm thankful that I'm not in financial trouble.","questions":"How is Lisa feeling about her financial situation?","answer":"relieved"}
{"text":["The downside to getting more attention, like Marco Rubio, is more criticism. And he seems to get more direct criticism from his opponents as he rises in the polls.","No question. The young senator from Florida, though, is really the hot ticket in New Hampshire right now. He is expected to do no worse than third. He's certainly in the running for second John Kasich is also in the running here. Everyone coming up, of course, a little behind Donald Trump still at this point. But it's Rubio who has the national momentum then going on into South Carolina if he does well in New Hampshire. South Carolina is on the 20th. And he'll have real appeal in Nevada on the 23rd.","What about Bernie Sanders?His lead in the polls just seems to be growing. According to reports, he might be on \"Saturday Night Live\" on Saturday night, just before the vote. Hillary Clinton tried to suggest that just because he's a guy from next door in Vermont.","You know, he was well-known here from the start of course. But there's so much more to it than that. His numbers are still going up at this point. And even for Democrats who expect Clinton to be the nominee eventually, Bernie is still their feel-good vote. He is a get-it-off-your-chest vote. And, you know, Democrats have never really liked a coronation. They want a contest. And Clinton is not connecting to voter concerns on an emotional level. And she's not communicating a clear message either here or elsewhere in the country. That's why the national polls have narrowed. And you know it's going to be hard to tell Larry David and Bernie Sanders apart tonight."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Marco Rubio is facing increased criticism from opponents as his popularity rises.","questions":"What is the downside of getting more attention for Marco Rubio?","answer":"Downside"}
{"text":["That question is, what is the most disloyal dog breed?","I have some issues with the premise of that one, but let's get to your answer, first of all.","Well, this question is going to have to remain unanswered to a certain extent. No one really knows. And the problem is there are plenty of researchers out there who are studying the personalities of dogs, but none of them evaluate any kind of personality trait called loyalty, or anything like that.","It's a bit subjective."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B disagrees with the premise of the question but is willing to discuss it further.","questions":"Which turn shows that PersonB believes the question is based on a subjective premise?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["What options does the U. S.  have?","Sanctions are a key part of maximum pressure campaign that the Trump administration has been advancing. And sanctions have never been as tough - tougher than now. They're broad. They target sectors. They try to cut off North Korea's efforts to earn hard currency to support their economy and their nuclear weapons program. And there is anecdotal evidence that the North Koreans are starting to feel the pinch. And I think the Olympic outreach is in part a sign of the fact that they're feeling the pinch of sanctions and that they saw outreach as a way to try to get South Korea to agree to loosen sanctions implementation or try to lure South Korea away from the maximum pressure campaign.","Jung Pak, a senior fellow at Brookings Institution Center for East Asia Policy Studies. Thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2): Sanctions are a key part of the Trump administration's strategy to increase pressure on North Korea. Sanctions are stronger than ever and are designed to limit North Korea's ability to earn money to support their economy and nuclear program. North Korea is beginning to feel the effects of these sanctions and is using outreach to try to ease the sanctions and lessen the pressure","questions":"Which institution is Jung Pak a senior fellow at?","answer":"Brookings-Institution"}
{"text":["Hobbes wrote about the challenges his generation faces in a December article for Highline, which is put out by the Huffington Post. Its headline, \"Millennials Are Screwed,\" caught our attention this week. And we asked Hobbes to explain his pessimistic prediction.","Healthcare, housing and education are more than five times more expensive than they were for our parents. There are fewer steady jobs. Wages have stagnated since the 1970s. I mean, I can go on and on and on. And so its weird that we're constantly talking about how millennials should do this differently, and millennials should do that differently. But we dont talk that much about - hey, the country around us can do some things differently, too.","So you obviously believe that the baby boomers messed up your life?How did they do that?","Well, I've gotten a lot of emails since the article came out from boomers that are saying, we've fallen off the ladder, too. And if you're 55 years old, there's a lot of discrimination for getting back into the workforce. But what we're seeing is that those impacts are concentrated on the young. So I think there's really three paradigm shifts. The first one is work has become much lower quality, basically - that there's fewer decent jobs now. Many of the jobs that are available are contingent work or sort of have been farmed out to contractors. Many fewer jobs provide things like pension, benefits or health care these days."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Millennials are not solely responsible for their situation, and other factors such as the country's policies play a role in it.","questions":"Which paradigm shift does PersonA mention as the first one?","answer":"Jobs"}
{"text":["Ooh. Ooh. So small dive.","You need to be very careful. Keep your limbs in.","And why - what's so fascinating about espresso?","Well, one of things that espresso drinkers will know probably is that when you have an espresso straight, not a latte, not a cappuccino, just a straight little mug of espresso, when it comes out to you, it has this frothy, foamy thing on top. It's a little thin layer of tiny bubbles. It's a little lighter in color, and it's called the crema."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is a dive into drinking the espresso, taking a chance by drinking it.","questions":"How is the dive described?","answer":"Chance."}
{"text":["Yes. In Los Angeles, we made a commitment a number of years ago to only purchase any new buses into our fleet that would operate on alternative fuels. And what we have today is the largest compressed natural gas bus fleet in the country. And that's doing a lot to help improve our air quality here.","What's the difference between compressed natural gas and regular gasoline in terms of, you know, how it affects the environment?","Well compressed natural gas is a much cleaner fuel.","You know, let's just take a look at Los Angeles' demographics. You have people from incredibly wealthy to incredibly poor. You have immigrants, native-born people who've come here from other parts of the U. S. , people, of course, who were born here. How do you think L. A. 's demographics affect the need for public transportation?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Compressed natural gas is a cleaner fuel option compared to regular gasoline.","questions":"Which fuel is cleaner than gasoline?","answer":"compressed"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me.","What new details did we learn with this filing?","So the new filing focuses on five extramarital affairs that Duncan Hunter had when he was in Congress, the first one starting just four months after he was elected and took office in April 2009. So he took office in January.","The longest feature in the filing is about an individual identified as Individual 14, who was a lobbyist. And they spent campaign money on things like a ski trip together, a thousand-dollar hotel tab. They went to concerts together. And they also went on a double date with another congressperson to Virginia Beach, but that congressperson has not been identified."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Duncan Hunter had extramarital affairs while in Congress","questions":"How many extramarital affairs did Duncan Hunter have while in Congress?","answer":"Five"}
{"text":["Oh, yes. Yes, indeed.","(Singing) X is the letter. Blue is the color. One is a number. Now is the time.","I mentioned back in the '60s then and it's still - news reminds me of the '60s. We're going out the world backwards. You know, we've got to change. We need a change. And every chance I get, I'm going to sing songs of change because, like I say, I feel like we're going out the world backwards.","Well, in fact, you know, to that end, the album art is actually a beautiful photograph of a group of young kids - African American kids on the outside of a chain-link fence. And they're looking into a park. It's a photo by Gordon Parks from 1956 called \"Outside Looking In. \"And, you know, I'm assuming that this was a park these kids weren't allowed to play in - right?- because it was segregated."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The park is segregated, and the African American kids are not allowed to play in it.","questions":"What is the name of the photographer who took the photo used for the album art?","answer":"GordonParks"}
{"text":["I think both can be true. I think - look. It's outrageous that there's an invoice. But it's not new. The invoice was not given lately. It was given to Special Representative Yun when he went to North Korea to collect Otto Warmbier. And at that point, when you're giving that invoice, you sign, and you leave. So it's not new. That's one. Second, it's not unique, either. When. . .","It's not unique to negotiations with North Korea or. . .","Correct - North Korea specifically.","North Korea specifically has a habit of this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Invoice for collecting Otto Warmbier is not unique to negotiations with North Korea.","questions":"What is the reason for the invoice?","answer":"Reason"}
{"text":["Well, how did they react to you as a person?I mean, you're a glamorous Los Angelina, and so what did they think when you showed up?","I think that it's interesting, because I was in a program called Cross-cultural Solutions, where they send volunteers to different areas. I was the first African-American that had been at this school. So I think they were confused. I mean, and these people in the town, they were just like are you from Ghana?Or are you Yabo(ph)?Yabo is a foreigner, and most likely, more than usually, a white foreigner. But I had a couple of people call me Yabo.","But they would sort of ask like where are you from, and one of the program's administrators would have to explain, she's an ancestor of Africans, and then they would say, oh, okay. So it was definitely some confusing sort of looks that I got.","But the kids were - you know, kids are very, you know, easy to sort of get along with. These kids were, you know, absolutely adorable. They didn't understand what I was saying a lot of the time, but they really connected to me. I mean, I would bring bubbles and jumping ropes and stuff like that, stuff that they had never seen before. So, you know, I was quite popular at the school, I have to say. I mean, particularly with my bubbles, that brought even the junior-high-school kids out\u2026","Oh, I'm sure."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The person being referred to was well-liked by the school kids for bringing unique items.","questions":"Which group of people did not understand what the speaker was saying?","answer":"The-town"}
{"text":["Well, what happened on Tuesday was very interesting. During the day on Tuesday, there was a very small protest. They were in the middle of central Baghdad in Tahrir Square. They were very quickly dispersed by the Iraqi security forces, but then a call went out on social media from people's individual accounts to say, let's go back to the square at 3 o'clock. And the numbers surprised everybody. There were thousands of people in the square who reacted to that, and they all had one real message to the government. That was to end corruption and provide jobs and opportunity.","The government were completely surprised by this, and they sent in the Iraqi army and the police with very heavy-handed tactics. They used live fire. They used tear gas. They used rubber-coated steel bullets. Now, there were a number of deaths that day, and then the protests spread to other parts of the country.","So whatever had happened, it struck a chord with very young people. Now, the median age of the protesters, as far as I can work out, is about 20 years old. These are people who don't remember Saddam Hussein, who, you know, barely remember the U. S. -led occupation of Iraq. What they do remember is the last 10 years and the opportunities that have not been given to them.","And as you have been moving around the streets, reporting, trying to talk to them, what specifically do they tell you that they want?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It affected the young people's emotions when they saw what happened.","questions":"What was the median age of the protesters?","answer":"20"}
{"text":["I've got to ask you a high hard one, as they call it in baseball, Monsignor. Can you understand if a number of faithful Catholics stand up during Mass tomorrow and tell their priest, look; I'm sorry, father, but what moral authority do you or does the church have to tell me anything when it's hurt so many people who loved it and concealed those crimes for decades?","You know, I certainly understand it. That was what Cardinal Cupich said, actually. He said that if the church doesn't get this right, its moral authority is shot. And so why we're having a global summit on an issue that the church says this is in the front burner and we - they don't do global summits on anything. So the church is trying to say, yeah, this is important, and if we don't get this right, it's over.","Are you concerned the church is going to lose its moral authority over this issue or has already lost its moral authority?","Well, I'm sure it has. It has with many people. There's no question about it. And right - and I think the church has a responsibility, say, to clean up its own act before it tells other people how to act. I totally agree with that.","Monsignor Stephen Rossetti of the Catholic University of America, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The church is in danger of losing its moral authority.","questions":"What is the issue that the church says is in the front burner?","answer":"Abuse"}
{"text":["My mother had a friend I called David in the essay. And he was a funny, charming man. And he always had clients around. He found them out of the state so they would live with him while they were going on auditions. And they seemed to have a lot of shirtless pictures of them around framed. That seemed to be the greatest bit of work that they did - were these shirtless pictures.","And each year, these boys would come and go, and they'd be between the ages of 12 and 16. And there was this feeling that my mother and I would sort of talk around. Is this weird?This is weird, right?No. No, it's David. It can't be weird. And I think there are a lot of people in Los Angeles dealing with that right now of people they have held in their heads where there's a little bit of a galvanic skin-crawly thing, but they also like this person.","Course, your article appeared as Anthony Rapp come forward with his charges against Kevin Spacey. Been a few more Kevin Spacey stories that have also come out since then. Without trying to judge the veracity of each and every story, what's the mix of ambition and vulnerability that makes child actors prey?","The same thing which puts women at risk in the business, which is economics. For children, there is a small window of opportunity in which a career is going to happen. You are not a child indefinitely. That makes people ripe for abuse."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"What's the mix of ambition and vulnerability that makes child actors prey?\" - The speaker is not actually asking for a mix of qualities that make child actors vulnerable, but rather pointing out that child actors are often vulnerable to abuse and questioning the underlying factors that contribute to this vulnerability.","questions":"Which story prompted the discussion about child actors being prey?","answer":"Kevin"}
{"text":["So how did you get on to this story?I mean, were you just curious about vanity plates?Like, what was your thinking about how it happens?","Well, I think vanity plates are kind of everyone's hobby in Los Angeles. It's a very car-centric culture. People regularly talk about the most out-there plates that they see. I was curious about the ones that didn't make it.","Now, is there an official database of dirty words and euphemisms?Or like. . .","What's the yardstick that the DMV uses to say whether something's inappropriate or not?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is asking about the process of obtaining a vanity plate and the motivations behind it.","questions":"How would you describe the topic discussed in turn 2?","answer":"Vanity"}
{"text":["Mike Dunleavy like, drained, I think, a dozen three-pointers, if I'm not mistaken.","At least, yeah. And the Blazers lost to Houston 121 to 116 in overtime - not to move on to Portland too quickly here. What's going on?Strange and spreading malady in these playoffs, Scott. Road teams are winning at a stunning rate. In the first week of the postseason, road teams won 12 of the 22 games. Now remember, teams are clawing for much of the regular season - clawing to win games in order to give them the home-court advantage in the playoffs.","The psychology of playing in front of your own cheering fans, the comfort and routine of home - it's supposed to make winning in the postseason more likely. So far, not the case.","And why not?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to convey a deeper meaning or idea, often related to emotions or personal experiences.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue suggests the speaker is using a metaphor or analogy?","answer":"turn-1"}
{"text":["You know, I'm not sure exactly where the cuts will take place. I know they've got several issues in mind. I think it's definitely a reflection upon the times right now, and how difficult the environment is for financial service firms.","You wrote in your piece today that the bonus pool is still the sixth largest on record. How much money was it overall?","Overall, it was 18. 4 billion, but it was down from about 33 billion last year. So it's a decline, but it's still, like you said, the sixth largest, so there's been thoughts that the past compensations have gotten a little excessive. So there's definitely an argument that that was the case.","And all of this in the wake of a bonus scandal at Merrill Lynch. What's been going on there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The fact that the bonus pool is the sixth largest on record contradicts the idea of financial service firms facing difficult times.","questions":"What contradicts the idea of financial service firms facing difficult times?","answer":"Size"}
{"text":["There is a level of acceptance for some. So one young woman I met joined the all-women's force after being brutalized by her husband, who was part of ISIS. On the other hand, the women who were foreigners and even the real hardcore last holdouts in the fight against ISIS who are in this town of Baghuz, which had basically an apocalyptic end. They ran out of food. They ran out of water.","And what you see now from the women who were part of that is that all of the crimes of ISIS - you know, enslaving girls, raping women, beheading people on the streets, the hangings - that was not enough really to make them lose confidence in the head of ISIS. But the fact that children whose families belong to ISIS starved to death while leaders had food, that is what's making people very disappointed, very disillusioned, especially the women I've talked to.","Are there people who still support the caliphate despite all that they went through?","Absolutely there are. And in fact, one woman from Egypt I met has four daughters. She was talking about how all they want is to go home, to go back to Egypt, to go back to the parks, to go see relatives. And she said to me, you know, I don't believe in Baghdadi. But I still believe in the caliphate."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The women who joined the all-women's force did so as a result of being abused by their husbands who were part of ISIS.","questions":"Which force did one young woman join after being brutalized by her ISIS-affiliated husband?","answer":"women's"}
{"text":["Here to tell us more about that report is the vice chair of the commission, former senator from Missouri, Jim Talent. Welcome to the program, sir. And if you could tell us a bit about this report. It states that the biological threat to this country is greater than the nuclear one. What sort of biological threat are we talking about?","Well, people normally think in terms of like Anthrax, and that's the most visible potential pathogen. There's others that could be used, smallpox, for example. And one of the dangers is that, with DNA synthesizers that are available and dual-use technology all over the world, it's becoming increasingly easy to isolate pathogens, old or new. It's technologically easier to weaponize.","Can you tell me a little bit about how you conducted the research for this report?","We're a follow onto the 9\/11 commission, congressionally created, bipartisan. The report was unanimous, and we interviewed hundreds of people who travel all over the world, everywhere from the national labs in Sandia, to London, to Asia, to Russia interviewing people.","And then we all, each of us on the commission, has experience in this area as well. And what Congress wanted was an update on the assessment of the threat and then recommendations about what can be done to reduce it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The biological threat to the country is a serious concern due to the availability of DNA synthesizers and dual-use technology","questions":"Which technology is contributing to the increasing ease of isolating potential pathogens?","answer":"Synthesizers"}
{"text":["What would be a - and forgive the pun - what would be the holy grail for an Indiana Jones like you?What would be the ultimate?","Well, that would be to go right back to the beginning, you know, to do like a dino brew, you know, sort of a Garden of Eden type of beverage, I guess. And unfortunately in the Paleolithic period, the containers get destroyed. They were probably made out of leather, wood or whatever. So we don't have remnants of any containers from the Paleolithic period.","And that's important because once you have a container like pottery, made of pottery, the liquids get absorbed into that, and it helps to retain the ancient organic materials until the biomolecular archeologists like us comes along thousands of years later.","Do you have any bets of where the cradle of civilization for wine and beer originates?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Holy Grail and Indiana Jones are not literal. The reference implies that A is searching for something incredibly important.","questions":"How would you describe what PersonA is searching for?","answer":"Something"}
{"text":["It's becoming a new Thanksgiving tradition. This year, like the year before, the newest installment of \"The Hunger Games\" movie franchise \"Mockingjay Part 1\" is an adaptation of the first half of Suzanne Collins third and final book in the series. And with the backdrop of what's been happening in the world, protests in Ferguson, Missouri, and shakeup at the Capitol - Capitol Hill that is. Audiences look for comparisons between the fictitious world of Panem and the real world. We're joined now by Stephen Carter, a professor of law at Yale, a novelist and columnist for Bloomberg View, where he writes regularly on popular culture. Stephen, thanks so much for being back with us.","It's my pleasure, Scott.","I'm just guessing you don't watch \"Hunger Games\" the way a lot of other people do.","You're right. I'm looking for tropes and ideas that are going to leap out of the film into public life. And one that's really striking about the \"Hunger Games\" franchise is how more than really anything else in recent years in popular culture, so many of the symbols - the nation of Panem itself with its deep wealth inequalities, the notion of the Capitol, this barricaded wealthy city and of course, Katniss Everdeen herself, the hero. All of these things have not only leapt into the public imagination, but they are regular features of political argument."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"my pleasure\" - This phrase is a polite way of responding to a thank you, but it does not actually mean that the person feels pleasure.","questions":"Which phrase is a polite response to a thank you, but does not actually mean that the person feels pleasure?","answer":"Polite"}
{"text":["But shouldn't you at least offer the people you're polling the option of checking that box as one of the issues?","In terms of?","Of, you know, as climate change or renewable energy, things like that. The choice is not even offered on the sheet of things that you - that is on your radar screen.","Yeah. Well, this is actually a really important point, is that when you look at - and I'll just come back to media coverage as an example. You know, for most people, this is an issue that's invisible. I mean, you can look out your window right this moment, and there's CO2 pouring out of tailpipes, out of smokestacks, out of buildings, but you can't see it, and likewise you can't see the impacts unless you know where to look. In fact, the only way most Americans even know about this issue is because of what they've learned about it in the media. They're not reading the peer-reviewed literature. They don't know scientists personally. They're learning about it through the media. And when the media doesn't report this issue, it's literally out of sight and out of mind."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"out of sight, out of mind\" - This is a well-known idiom that means if you can't see something, you tend to forget about it, rather than a literal interpretation.","questions":"How can media coverage affect people's awareness about climate change?","answer":"Awareness"}
{"text":["Correct. It was one of the first ones to come out like that, and so I had no idea it was different from any other game. I just thought it was another game. And he, within three months of playing it, he started - it started affecting his real life negatively. He lost his job. He got evicted from his apartment. By the way, he was 20 years old when he started playing this, so he was an adult. But very quickly it showed negative effects. His personality changed. He started becoming a different person. He became withdrawn, antisocial, depressed. His focus became gaming, and he no longer was concerned about his real life or his future.","When you think about your son, do you think that there were other underlying issues, whether it was depression or some other condition, that caused him to be susceptible to this?I mean, how do you balance that thought out?","I agree with that 100 percent. He had ADD, and from my experience, since 2002, probably 99 percent of the gamers that we've talked to who have problems with gaming have ADD. It seems to make them more susceptible.","Attention deficit."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People with ADD are more susceptible to gaming addiction.","questions":"How does ADD affect susceptibility to gaming addiction?","answer":"susceptibility"}
{"text":["(Laughter) Yeah. I don't think that it's a straight line from smoking marijuana to fanaticism or radicalization. But I do think that there's something that happens to boys becoming men that is a series of rites of passage and tampering or becoming involved with illicit drugs or having sex. Or any of these taboo things are some of these portals that kids go through, boys especially. And fanaticism to me, as I was witnessing it in a global way, was the last portal. And I wanted to write something that charted these transitions from just a little bit outside the line to a little bit more outside the line until finally there is no way back.","The Boston Marathon bombings are an important touchstone in this book. And they're felt personally by Alireza's friends in Laguna Beach.","That's something that I thought about a lot when I was sort of following the story of the Boston Marathon bombings and how it was to be Muslim in this country and to be a Muslim man in a place that's already slightly turned against you. But I imagined a situation in which someone in your very close community was affected by an act of terrorism, and you are of the Muslim family, what the ramifications would be like in that community.","And I took it a few steps further and then did research and found that it wasn't that uncommon for people who were related to, you know, Russian immigrants or children of Muslims or practicing Muslims to experience racism in high school afterwards. It tends to be that people are looking for someone to blame."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1). In this turn, the speaker is not just talking about the act of being silent or not making noise. They are using the phrase \"a little bit outside the line\" and \"a little bit more outside the line\" to describe the process of moving towards radicalization and fanaticism. The phrase \"there is no way back\" implies a point of no return, indicating that the speaker believes once someone becomes a fanatic, it is difficult to change their beliefs.","questions":"What does the phrase \"a little bit outside the line\" describe in turn 0 of the dialogue?","answer":"Process"}
{"text":["Yes. Certain pigments, for instance, fade. Certain pigments can become lighter or darker. You have to see it a little bit like in a hospital. You know, a patient goes in with a problem. There's a lot of different kinds of research done in order to make the proper diagnosis. And then there's a sort of a treatment plan presented. And then the actual operation may not be that extensive. I mean, that is actually the goal - to do as little as possible with the largest effect.","Operation Night Watch is going to be free for the public to see.","To follow, yeah - to follow.","Because there's going to be this glass chamber, people can follow along."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The public can view Operation Night Watch for free.","questions":"What is the name of the operation that the public can view for free?","answer":"OperationNightWatch"}
{"text":["The main concern is retaliation. We go back to a period where countries didn't coordinate. That was very much the case in the 1930s. If I slap a tariff on you, you don't like that, and you slap a tariff on me, and we're both worse off. That's why after World War II, we had multilateral negotiations to get rid of that problem.","And now we are at risk of going back to the previous period during the Great Depression when people didn't coordinate their trade policy and everyone ended up being worse off. And I think that's the concern. The international architecture, the institutional framework for doing trade policy might just break down, and it might become much more national or bilateral.","Professor Dennis Novy of the University of Warwick, thank you so much for speaking with us.","My pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Countries imposing tariffs on each other leads to mutual harm, hence the need for multilateral negotiations","questions":"How did the multilateral negotiations after World War II address the issue of countries imposing tariffs on each other?","answer":"Cooperation"}
{"text":["It could be. But there is nowhere for the new justices, the Trump justices, Brett Kavanaugh and Neil Gorsuch, to hide. They're going to have to say more than they said at their confirmation hearings, and that's why it's critical. And it is likely that both of them differ from the swing justice of the last 15 years, Anthony Kennedy.","So DACA is another controversial issue. In November, the court's also going to consider whether President Trump can end the DACA program that shields immigrants brought to the United States as children from deportation. It's my understanding that the court isn't going to rule on whether the law itself is legal. So what's the issue here?","The issue is executive power. The issue is to what extent the Trump administration could reverse the executive action taken by Barack Obama and whether the Trump administration followed the correct procedures. So it will be read by the public as a key ruling on a Trump policy. And therefore, it's important.","And so finally, let's turn our focus to the coming week. The court is going to hear three cases related to workplace discrimination on Tuesday. And basically, the question for the court is whether the Civil Rights Act applies to gay and transgender people in the workplace. Is that the crux of the issue?","Correct. And it's a question of statutory construction - whether Title VII, passed decades ago by Congress to apply to discrimination based on sex, should also be read to apply to sexual orientation. This is the first time several of these justices are going to weigh in on gay rights."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The justices will give their opinions on certain issues for the first time.","questions":"How will the justices contribute to the debate on workplace discrimination?","answer":"Opinions"}
{"text":["So off I went to Moscow with a couple of colleagues to talk about how intelligence services should work in democracies. And I found myself sitting in the Lubyanka, their headquarters, which over the years had been sort of prison death cell torture chamber, facing a long line of KGB officers and talking to them about democratic oversight and such things. It was certainly one of the strangest events of my working life I think.","(Laughter) Forgive me, but this is a week to ask - do you think they took good notes?Were they paying attention to this democracy?","(Laughter) No, I don't think they were actually. They looked at us with rather hard, cynical eyes. And I wrote somewhere that it seemed to be like two wild animals surveying their prey but not being able to get at them. But I don't think they were particularly interested in all this oversight and democracy stuff, no.","And may I ask you, just based on your experience and the way you survey events, what does Russia want these days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) implies that the speaker found the KGB officers intimidating and felt like they were looking at him and his colleagues with menace.","questions":"What was the atmosphere like when the speaker talked to the KGPersonB officers?","answer":"Intimidating"}
{"text":["I haven't talked to him in years.","(Laughter).","Well, you know, Ron Paul - you know, he's got some oddness in his closet. But, you know, compared to Hillary Clinton or Jeb Bush, Rand Paul has, like, the greatest situation in terms of family members lingering around the campaign in a lot of ways. You know, his foreign policy is distinct from his father's. Many of his economic policies are distinct. He needs to expound on what is his governing philosophy and why does restraint in foreign policy also mean restraint in domestic affairs?And why are those both good things?","As you survey the political landscape on issues like privacy or foreign policy, do you see traces of libertarian success?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"talked to him in years\" - This means that the speaker has not had any communication with the person in question for a long time, but the literal meaning suggests a lack of verbal communication specifically.","questions":"How long?","answer":"Years"}
{"text":["Well, I don't (laughter) know if it's going to be forever unique in that way. We have this evidence now of President Trump making calls along these lines. And you get a lot of - I got a lot of criticism. Sometimes for being too soft, sometimes for being too harsh. I'm banned from Russia by Vladimir Putin because we successfully prosecuted an international arms dealer named Viktor Bout. I was personally attacked by President Erdogan of Turkey because we prosecuted somebody that, you know, he had connections to in an indirect way.","I'm glad you mentioned Turkey's president. What happened in a different country, in a different system, when there was a prosecution of someone named Reza Zarrab, and it became a matter of political interest?","So Reza Zarrab was a gold trader, Iranian but also from Turkey, who was being prosecuted along with other folks in Turkey for various, you know, elements of misconduct. And those cases were made to go away because he was politically connected to two people who were close to Erdogan.","What did President Erdogan of Turkey do to make that case go away?","Well, he exercised his power in a country that doesn't have the same constitutional protections that America has. He relieved judges of their duty. He removed prosecutors from office. He shut down media outlets. And the case went away. Literally, the case was made to go away. Now, that is not something we've seen in this country and hopefully we'll never see in this country. And it's harder to accomplish in this country."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Case is a legal judgement that will take place before a judge.","questions":"How was Reza Zarrab being prosecuted?","answer":"Misconduct"}
{"text":["Mike Dunleavy like, drained, I think, a dozen three-pointers, if I'm not mistaken.","At least, yeah. And the Blazers lost to Houston 121 to 116 in overtime - not to move on to Portland too quickly here. What's going on?Strange and spreading malady in these playoffs, Scott. Road teams are winning at a stunning rate. In the first week of the postseason, road teams won 12 of the 22 games. Now remember, teams are clawing for much of the regular season - clawing to win games in order to give them the home-court advantage in the playoffs.","The psychology of playing in front of your own cheering fans, the comfort and routine of home - it's supposed to make winning in the postseason more likely. So far, not the case.","And why not?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using understatement or exaggeration to convey a message, often to emphasize a point or to add humor to a situation.","questions":"What rhetorical device might the speaker be using in turn 3?","answer":"Exaggeration"}
{"text":["So you can actually go to their job section and look for opportunities with the Office of Personnel Management using their website. Now they say that these are for non-career positions, whether in the White House, or in any federal department, agency, or commission. So this is interesting. I mean you just fill out the form below and you know, right on this website. I'm looking at it right now, and submit if you think you should be working for Obama and Biden.","It looks like - and other folks on NPR have spoken about this as well. There are so many questions - basically you have to have apparently lived a life of a saint in order to be able to pass some of these. . .","Some way of putting it.","Litmus tests. I mean is that really true or does it just seem that way because they really ask you basically have you ever jaywalked, have you ever - of course, not literally, but kind of.","Right, right. Well, I mean the point is this. Look, why waste time?I mean they're going to do what they need to do to process applications the way the federal government would do anyway. So why waste the time?The point is be transparent. I think what they're also trying to say here is send a message, be transparent with us because we're going to find out one way or the other. We're going to look at - if we really seriously are looking at considering hiring somebody, we're going to look at their online footprint, and I do think that they actually do mean that. They are going to look at that online footprint."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Applicants should be honest and transparent about their online presence because the government will check.","questions":"What is the reason for applicants to be transparent about their online presence?","answer":"Check"}
{"text":["I have no idea. I have no idea at this point.","You're just waiting for a call?","Any call from anyone, anywhere.","So are you actively out looking for something else more stable?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B implies that A is not actively looking for something more stable.","questions":"How does PersonB suggest PersonA's job search approach?","answer":"Passively"}
{"text":["How are you, Scott?","Fine, thanks, but I don't have to answer a lot of these questions from persnickety grammar people. Why was the internet capitalized in the first place?","Well, that's a good question. The internet is wholly generic, like the telephone or electricity. It never was trademarked. It's not based on any proper noun. And I think the best reason for capitalizing in the past may just have been the term was new. I read that at one point people, capitalized phonograph, so maybe it was something like that, but now it's a routine part of daily life.","Is it in anyway because to a lot of people, the internet is a place?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implies that there could be a specific reason for capitalizing the internet, beyond simply being new, such as the fact that to many people, the internet is seen as a place.","questions":"How is the capitalization of the internet related to people's perception of it?","answer":"Place"}
{"text":["Well, I got to, or. . .","Or I'm doomed. I do think it is a good time for independent artists, period. And I feel like soul music in this country really has told the story of black Americans in this country, and right now the field is kind of narrow. So, from city to city, you go and you listen to the radio, and you try to find soul music on the radio, you're either listening to hip-hop, or you're listening to oldies and dusties and R&B.","So, there's a whole big huge chasm which some of us live in part of the time at least, where where's this music?Where is the new soul music?Where are the people that are writing the classics that are going to be around in 20 years, and 30 years, and 40 years?","Well, in addition to your own songs, you have sung other folks' work. And in 2004, you sang on a tribute album for Luther Vandross. Here's a little bit of \"Forever, For Always, For Love. \""],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is a lack of new soul music that can become classics in the future.","questions":"How does PersonA feel about the current state of soul music?","answer":"Lack"}
{"text":["There are probably two or three important things. One is I think it gives you an insight into the company and what they do with the data they gather. Now, Facebook say they don't sell data, but they certainly make money out of it. And I think one of the things that concerned us was whether some of the developers that work with Facebook get preferential access to data depending on how valuable that relationship is. I think there was something else, which is potentially an antitrust issue, which is the dominant position Facebook has I think allows it to pick winners on its platform. There are big questions about the way in which they use their power. The final thing I think which is I think particularly significant is are users giving informed consent when they give data to Facebook?","Mr.  Collins, why should anyone be worried about that?Is it just what you would expect a business to do, maximize the information it has and reward the most promising relationships?","I think we all understand with these sorts of social media tools they're free to use, but in some ways, you're giving your data to the company. The company makes money out of that by selling advertising. But the question is are we giving up far more data than we realize?And then what happens to that data when the company has it?And I think it's right that we have some say and some protection over how it's used.","Do you feel Facebook has been honest with you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : there are concerns about how Facebook uses the data it collects from its users, and whether users are fully aware of the amount of data they are giving up and how it is being used. The speaker suggests that users should have more say in how their data is used and more protection over their privacy. This implies that there may be some issues with how Facebook handles user data and that users may not fully understand the extent of their data sharing.","questions":"What is the PersonA's suggestion regarding users' control over their data on Facebook?","answer":"Protection"}
{"text":["I can imagine someone being stunned for a moment by being struck by an object, especially at a high speed like that. But I don't understand that because if there was over a minute when the throttle was advanced farther than it should've been and - you know, things happen when you're an engineer. You should be used to them. So I - it doesn't really seem to me like that's a probable cause, but we'll have to wait and see.","I don't have to tell you, Mr.  Hughes, that the crash and the deaths of eight people have set off a debate - those who say the derailment says Amtrak needs more money, others who say Amtrak isn't - is wasting a lot of the money that it gets. Recognizing there are no guarantees, would greater government funding have perhaps meant this derailment wouldn't happen?","It might have. The thing that is important here is Amtrak doesn't have any discretionary money. Every penny they get goes into something that's really important, especially capital money like this. And so I would think that money played some part in it in that when Amtrak has to do large projects, they have to space them out in smaller parts over multiple years. And I don't know the facts in this case, but I do know that that is true with a number of large capital projects. You just can't do them quickly 'cause the funding isn't there.","When you were in charge, Mr.  Hughes, did you find it hard to get funding for Amtrak, a lot of skepticism and doubt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of the turn is that the speaker is asking whether the derailment could have been prevented if Amtrak had received more government funding.","questions":"How did the derailment happen?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["Well, they do. But what people don't always realize about the Affordable Care Act is it's not just a discrete program in and of itself. It changed other government programs, too, and that includes Medicare.","What was the biggest change for Medicare?","Well, the one that's gotten the most attention is the change to prescription drug coverage. You may have heard about something called the doughnut hole. That's where Medicare would get you a discount on prescriptions but only up to a point. After that, you had to pay full price for drugs until you shelled out around 1,300 bucks. Then Medicaid would help you out again.","Now, some people never really reached that point because when they had to pay full price, they just started skipping some of their prescription meds. So the Affordable Care Act has been phasing out this gap. It saved people on Medicare more than $23 billion. But this program could go away with the repeal of the law.","That could go away, and we should say, once again, that we don't know yet what any replacement will look like. What have you heard among the ideas being proposed that might affect older Americans?","Well, a few members of Congress, Republicans, have circulated their own proposals for replacing the Affordable Care Act. And one thing that comes up in some of them, including in House Speaker Paul Ryan's plan, is a major change to Medicaid. Now, that's known as the program that provides health care for the poor. But it's also the program that pays for long-term care for a lot of older people. In fact, Medicaid pays the bills for most nursing home residents."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"It saved people on Medicare more than $23 billion.\" This turn is not meant to be taken literally, as \"saving\" here means that the Affordable Care Act reduced the amount of money that people on Medicare had to pay for prescription drugs, rather than physically saving money.","questions":"How much money did the Affordable Care Act save people on Medicare?","answer":"$23"}
{"text":["Do you believe the United States has a moral obligation to accept people who, for whatever reason, find that they can no longer live in their home country?I mean, over the past couple of years in particular, you've heard Republicans say, time and again, America can't be the solution to every person's problems. How do you respond to that?","I think we have a moral obligation to do our part, which isn't to say we should take every persecuted person in the world. We can't do that. But we can do far more than we are doing at the moment.","And our laws - going back to language that was drafted in the days after World War II when, collectively, most of the world felt pretty awful about the way we turned Jewish refugees fleeing the Nazi government away - we adopted laws that said if you reach the United States and you have a well-founded fear of persecution for one of these particular reasons under the law, we won't send you back. And I think we do have a - both a moral and a legal obligation to respect that.","And this country has a history of refugee resettlement that is a beautiful part of our heritage. It's - the Statue of Liberty - that sonnet from Emma Lazarus that says, give me your poor, your teeming masses yearning to breathe free. I'm not saying take the whole of the world's refugees. But last year, when we actually ended up taking fewer than 23,000 refugees, that was less than one-tenth of 1% of the more than 25 million refugees in the world."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to adopt laws means to make new laws","questions":"How did the United States respond to Jewish refugees fleeing the Nazi government?","answer":"adopted"}
{"text":["From NPR News, this is Day to Day. The ethics problem at the Interior Department continues to unfold, specifically in the little-known but powerful Minerals Management Service. The Interior Department's watchdog reports that employees in that division accepted gifts, they steered government contracts to friends, and they had sexual relations with oil and gas-company representatives. Joining us now is John Dimsdale from Marketplace, and John, first, what is the Minerals Management Service?I hadn't heard of it until yesterday.","Well, it's responsible for collecting royalty revenues from companies that extract oil and other minerals from federal property. And last year, they collected 11 billion dollars from the oil and gas industry. So, it's a big source of revenue. In fact, sometimes Minerals Management is the second largest source of income for the federal government, second only to the IRS. And remember, this scandal comes just as Congress is debating whether to allow more oil drilling, especially on the Outer Continental Shelf under the ocean.","That's right. So, let's go into the details of this scandal. What did the Interior Department's inspector general find?","Well, this report makes it sound like a very dysfunctional place. It alleges cocaine and marijuana use, and even promiscuous sex between government employees and the industry that they oversee. The inspector general says the relationship between the industry and the revenue collectors is supposed to be at arm's length, but most of the oil-company people that investigators talked to said they bought meals or drinks, entertainment, for government employees."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"they collected 11 billion dollars from the oil and gas industry\" - literal meaning: the money was physically collected, figurative meaning: the money was earned or received from the industry.","questions":"How much money did the Minerals Management Service collect from the oil and gas industry last year?","answer":"11"}
{"text":["Well, certainly, his support for the military. We just passed the National Defense Authorization Act named in his honor. We did that every year. There are not many pieces of legislation these days that we're able to do. And that one is something we did every year at the insistence of John McCain. One of the last pieces of legislation that we did even after that was one that I sponsored with him for veterans courts - to make sure that we have adequate resources for veterans courts around the country. So his work for veterans was really important to him.","Sure. He's known as a man who had a powerful temper but also a powerful sense of humor. And I wonder if there are moments of that that really are jumping out at you today.","A lot of them. I remember - and I wrote in the piece about a time when I was in the House of Representatives. I had challenged some parochial spending projects and was receiving a lot of grief at home, a lot of vitriol from local elected officials and newspaper editorials. I was on a flight back to Arizona with John, and he worked his way back to where I was with a stern look on his face and put his finger in my chest. And I thought, oh, no he's going to let me have it, too. And he pointed at me, and he said, don't back down. He said, you were in the right, and they will come around. And it was all I needed to hear. It was just reassurance. But yeah, he did have a temper. He was certainly passionate, but he was quick to forgive.","Briefly, in. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : it look like a meaningless. u can improve the sentence","questions":"What piece of legislation did they pass every year in honor of John McCain?","answer":"defence"}
{"text":["Well (laughter), I was on Capitol Hill. I was actually at the White House. And President Trump didn't meet with us. He was out of the country. But, you know, honestly, I think it was campaign rhetoric. I'm not asking for a handout. I'm just asking for a helping hand - not only Pennsylvania, but West Virginia, Kentucky, Alabama. There's a lot of mines prior to this mine closing that have closed, and you just don't bring coal back. So we need to look outside of the coal industry in the future.","Your region supported Trump this past election. Am I right?","That's correct. You know what?He said the right things. He said, I'm bringing back coal and talked about the Second Amendment, not taking away guns. And that's the big part of West Virginia, Pennsylvania, this corner. And he said the right stuff.","What are people thinking about the president these days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A believes that Trump's appeal to the Second Amendment and support for coal resonated with voters.","questions":"How did PersonA describe Trump's stance on the Second Amendment and coal?","answer":"Supportive"}
{"text":["Well, first of all, we continue to ask for all options on the table because. . .","So you want it. You want that to be a potential.","We want all options on the table. We haven't asked specifically for military intervention. And the big difference is that you have to be responsible about this. Think of a Rwanda-style scenario. Think about when Maduro continues to murder more and more people. He has asked regime militia armed groups to repress peaceful protesters. So I think we have to be responsible about this approach. And that's precisely - we always ask for a peaceful and constitutional solution. In what other dictatorship do you see a national assembly, an interim president with the people asking for the regime to leave?","You were a political prisoner. What's this moment like for you personally?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A believes that Maduro's actions are similar to those in Rwanda and that a peaceful solution is needed","questions":"Which country is mentioned as an example in turn 2?","answer":"Rwanda"}
{"text":["So do you think this would leave us in a better or worse position after these talks?I mean, it's a question whether or not this will actually go anywhere.","Well, it's - I mean, there's always a possibility that you would have the division laid out and follow-up meetings that strengthen that effort, and it goes somewhere productive. And that's what we all hope for. We'd like to see a denuclearized Korean peninsula. But I suspect it will be more of a pronouncement in which the two countries express interest in that direction. And then the details will get bogged down.","Senator Jeff Merkley of Oregon, thank you so much for speaking with us.","You're very welcome. Take care now."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The talks don't move, but they would cause people to have more talks that could cause events to happen.","questions":"Which direction is the division laid out towards after the follow-up meetings?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["Yeah, well, when I was a young, little Muppet baby version of myself, you know, I mean - I guess people were right in that I was kind of a punk kid. I was anti-everything. I was anti-capitalist, first of all. I just don't have a lot of respect for profit motive. So as an artist, you know, I had a hard time. You know, when I was living hand to mouth, you know, my first manager - as a teenager, you know - tell people you have tapes for sale. Like, no, no.","(Laughter) You didn't even want to do that.","I just feel like a jerk. I didn't want to. I couldn't do it. I couldn't do it.","What I loved about the book was that I didn't come away with an impression that you suffered from self-doubt. You kind of always knew that it just didn't matter how hard it was, you were just - this was your thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"kind of a punk kid\" - This is a figurative expression meaning that the speaker was rebellious and anti-establishment in their youth.","questions":"How would you describe the PersonA's attitude towards profit motive based on the statement? (one-word answer)","answer":"Anti-capitalist"}
{"text":["The White House and the state of California are in the middle of a war over auto emissions. Now 17 automakers are calling for a truce. They want the two sides to reach a compromise on emission standards. The automakers' proposal offers a middle ground between existing Obama-era standards and the Trump administration's announced rollbacks of those standards. NPR's Camila Domonoske has been following this and is in the studio with us this morning. Thanks for coming in.","Yeah, happy to be here.","First, just describe the nature of this standoff. How did it come to be?","Right. So during the Obama administration, the White House set these ambitious targets for fuel economy, basically saying that year over year, cars on average should get more miles per gallon as a way to reduce the contribution to climate change. So these targets were set through 2025 with specific goals every year. The Trump administration wants to freeze those targets at 2020 levels. So basically, instead of getting more efficient over time, cars could stay about where they are now."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Trump administration wants to keep fuel economy targets at 2020 levels.","questions":"What is the Trump administration's plan for fuel economy targets?","answer":"2020-levels"}
{"text":["Yeah.","There is still that love. There still that. . .","There absolutely is.",". . . Acceptance."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is trying to express that love still exists despite some setbacks","questions":"Which emotion is PersonB emphasizing through repetition in turn 1?","answer":"Love"}
{"text":["Ibiza being the Spanish island where this video was filmed.","Exactly - just blathering on and on to a Russian woman who they believed was the niece of a prominent Russian oligarch.","And I'll just insert here that I have not had the opportunity to verify exactly what is being documented on this video. But what it has done is raise all of these questions in Austria about the extent of Russian influence in Austrian politics. Is that right?","Absolutely. And, I mean, it's funny because these are actually fake Russians. This is - these are not necessarily people that were sent from the Kremlin. We don't really know the provenance of the video. Some people believe it's an activist collective. Other people are speculating that some secret services of various countries were involved. But the most important thing to say is that Vice Chancellor Strache hasn't denied any of the assertions.","Right. Well, let me insert a practical question here. Where does this leave the government of Austria?Who's in charge today?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Ibiza is the location where the video was recorded, not a person","questions":"What was the location of the video?","answer":"Ibiza"}
{"text":["And I'm wondering how to square the situation now with - I remember interviewing you last year. You had a new book just out on Libya. You were telling me. . .","Yeah.",". . . This did not feel like a country at war, that markets were open, that there were signs of normalcy in Tripoli. That has now changed with these latest developments.","Tragically yes. I mean, of course the country's always had problems. But through international assistance and a U. N. -brokered effort, things were improving in Tripoli modestly. Libyans have a way of getting by. And of course that has all been reversed, so of course now you're seeing electricity blackouts, I mean, displaced. The militias have a newfound presence in the capital. So the country's really been put backward.","I should mention you were just in Libya for a few weeks last month, in Tripoli.","That's right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Despite previous improvements, Libya has regressed due to latest developments","questions":"How has Libya progressed?","answer":"Modestly"}
{"text":["EDWARD O.  WILSON: Always a pleasure to be with you, Ira.","Thank you very, very much. This is almost like advice to the lovelorn sort of book, it's advice to would-be scientists. Why did you write this?","Well, 42 years of teaching at Harvard qualified me, and I had learned lot about what brings students into science, whether as professionals or as part of their general education program, and what drives them away. And I saw a lot of the brightest young people, the most qualified, potentially, to be in science and technology turned away because at an early stage in their career at Harvard they were just afraid of mathematics, and they were afraid of the kind of rigors that one experiences in the usual portrayal of scientists as white coat people standing at the blackboard explaining complex equations and other ideas to rapt audiences.","Because you talk about your career and about your work with such passion in your book that I few people would know that a scientist could be as passionate and as successful about their work. And it seems like it's a necessary - or it's something like, almost like continuing to have a childlike curiosity about the world for your whole life."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It seems like a book that gives advice that helps people get with the one they love, in this case, what they love.","questions":"How would you describe the book mentioned in turn 1? (answer: \"science\" or \"scientific\")","answer":"scientific"}
{"text":["Yeah, and you love short stories, too. I love short stories, I appreciate that about you. You seem to be - enjoy writing short stories.","Yeah, they're tough as hell, and, you know, as a sort of a practice, people in the publishing world discourage them. They're like oh, don't do it. But I can't help but root for the underdog. As a form, you know, the short stories and the linked short story collections is an underdog, and people don't think of it as serious. So I don't mind wading in there. It feels like a really good battle.","Do you see yourself sort of at some point - you haven't really played that much with the novel form, but, you know, a lot of different writers are experimenting with the novel form, you know, Zadie Smith just did with her book, new book \"NW. \"Do you see yourself playing with that form?","Well, sure. I mean, again it's probably the arrogance, you know, the narcissistic arrogance of an artist, but I feel that so far I've written one book, one novel, and it's a very strange - at a formulistic level, I think it's - it took a lot of risks. Now will I keep doing that?Hard to say. It's like sort of saying will I continue to be X, Y or Z. You hope so. You hope so, but you never know."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Short stories are an underdog and not taken seriously","questions":"What is the form of writing that people don't take seriously according to A?","answer":"Short-stories"}
{"text":["I don't think they picked Deming necessarily. You know, we just happen to be a big border patrol station as well as our neighboring county. They're dropping off here as well - the Hidalgo County drops here as well.","How are these people - the asylum-seekers being housed in an airport hangar - how are they handling things?","You'd be surprised. I think they're - you know, they're a little - you know, I guess they're a little worried when they first show up. But then, I think, it's actually better than most places they've been, and that's what they tell us. So they have more room and more freedom than most places they've been, so they're actually really happy.","And how is the community of Deming handling this influx of new people?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The reason for choosing Deming is not necessarily related to its location or qualities.","questions":"How is the reason for choosing Deming?","answer":"Unrelated"}
{"text":["Hi Farai. Great to be with you.","Always. So we've been following this situation in Zimbabwe and the situation includes a tainted election and economic collapse. Now the U. S.  has imposed new sanctions, accusing President Robert Mugabe of heading an illegitimate government that sponsors violence. Last week, the president - President Bush - signed an executive order that adds new financial restrictions against individuals and organizations linked to Mugabe's government. So South Africa criticized those new sanctions, saying they could actually obstruct these power sharing talks. What do you think?","Well I think the international community has to use everything in its tool kit to kind of acknowledge what has happened in Zimbabwe and to put pressure for change. I mean, what has happened is just unacceptable. You have had not only the flawed elections of March 29th, but again failed electoral process in June and you know, right now there is this critical period of negotiations, political negotiations that need real pressure and real support. So I think it is important that the international community does everything that it can to say that it is time for a change in Zimbabwe.","Clearly South Africa has had a lot at stake. The quiet diplomacy that we talk about with Mbeki. The quiet diplomacy has, well, brought some results, but not the results needed. And I think the African Union, the Southern African Development Community all have said that more is needed to bring really a chance for peace and also for justice in Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : following refer to or implies being interested in a situation or information ","questions":"Which word implies being interested in a situation or information in turn 1?","answer":"interested"}
{"text":["So you had the U. K.  negotiating bilateral agreements with, like, Australia and Canada and India, right?And then I read you also had Germany forming its own bloc with members, countries that it had relationships with. And the U. S.  did something similar.","That's right. The origins of the British trading bloc really go back to World War I. And a lot of the considerations are of a military nature, a geostrategic nature. They were bottlenecked in some supplies, especially for the military, and that's why the British government was thinking more about how to secure its supplies. And that happened on the German side as well. Germany was preparing for war. They were gearing up for war, so they needed to make sure they had the right supplies, especially for the military.","Now, you write that if similar patterns play out today, we could see a, quote, \"reorientation of world trade around China- and U. S. -centric trade blocs. \"How likely do you think that is?","Well, it depends on the politics. The White House wants to have a more bilateral approach where the U. S.  deals with one individual country, as opposed to a group. And China now wants to create a system of its own. So that does include establishing a sphere of influence in Asia. And each of them will want to build up their own realm where they have the power in the region.","What do you think is at stake here?If this approach continues, what are your main concerns?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The countries formed their own blocs due to military and strategic considerations, not just trade.","questions":"What is the reason behind the formation of blocs by the countries mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Considerations"}
{"text":["But the important part for the corals is that these things are wonderful eating machines. They move slowly across the reef. They actually invert their stomach onto the corals and dissolve the coral tissue, you know, digesting it as they go. And they leave (technical difficulties) white behind them as they move forward.","So they're like little bulldozers.","Yeah, it's sort of like bulldozers. It's almost more like having a wave of people with flamethrowers going through the brush. You know, the coral physically is left behind, but it's all dead.","Do they have any natural enemies that might, you know, come out and eat them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : eating machines implies to eat too much and hardly get satisfied or filled","questions":"How would you describe the behavior of the eating machines mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"bulldozers"}
{"text":["It has. It was seized at one point by British commandos off Gibraltar. It was held in Gibraltar for several weeks. A court then finally said that it had to be released after the Iranians guaranteed that it wouldn't breach EU sanctions. The Americans tried to get Gibraltar to hand it over. And Gibraltar said no.","So this is the latest attempt by the Americans to try and get control of the ship. And so they directly offered the captain, Mr.  Kumar, several million dollars to bring the ship to a country that had apparently agreed to impound it and hand it over to the U. S.","Now, if you've got this email - and you say you obtained the email - the first question, I guess, would be - is this really from Brian Hook, really from a senior State Department official?But you have a quote from Brian Hook in your story.","It is definitely from Brian Hook, and I have confirmed that with Brian Hook himself. You know, he said that this is the - an attempt by the Americans to ramp up the maximum pressure campaign on Iran. The next stage is to increase the enforcement of the many sanctions that the U. S.  has put on Iran already. And this is a kind of a new novel approach to try and get ship captains and their crew both to be scared about working for Iran in the future and, second, to offer them a carrot, which is to say that if you come and help us, you'll be rewarded for life. And some of the language used in the email is quite colorful."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"it was seized\" means that something was taken away.","questions":"What was the reason for the court to release the ship?","answer":"Guarantee."}
{"text":["Absolutely. And, you know, so I asked this about luck too. And he said, yes, well, we have to take what we can get, but it turns out that Comet Ison is headed towards the sun in November. So they're hoping for another batch of data coming up this fall, something to keep an eye out for, he said, because it's going to look really full too, even for us.","For us. That's supposed to be a super comet we'll see with the naked eye up in the sky.","Yeah.","So this comet actually was not gobbled up by the sun. It was - it's made its journey and went back out again."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Gobbled up is not literal. The comet would not be eaten by the sun, but would be burnt up by the sun's heat.","questions":"Which term describes what would happen to the comet if it gets too close to the sun?","answer":"Burnt"}
{"text":["I never had an apartment before, so just finally having my own place. And it was magical. It was gorgeous - beautiful tub. I never could use the tub because I was afraid of the roaches.","So unfortunately there's always like pros and cons to that, but it was mine. And I loved it like it was my baby. And I still miss that apartment even though there is bug issues. I miss it.","Well, it made me wonder why there aren't more songs like that in R&B. I mean, R&B is very dominated by relationships - right?- sex, relationships songs. But it does - it did make me wonder, why aren't there more songs about other milestones in R&B?Like, why is that?","Well, first of all, I'm thankful that people love new apartments so much because I always feel like my comfort zone is writing about romance and sex. But I think there's this narrative that the world just wants to hear about simple things and - or just extreme, like, sadness. I've just been broken up with or something like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite the bug issues, A loved the apartment.","questions":"What did PersonA miss even though there were bug issues?","answer":"Place."}
{"text":["Michael was 23. He was the son of Nelson, who was the governor of New York at the time. As you said, his father had opened the Museum of Primitive Art. So he was collecting primitive art from the Asmat, who were incredible, beautiful carvers. And he was on a makeshift catamaran in a lot of rough, turbulent water, and they got into trouble. And they ended up drifting. . .","Like, capsized.",". . . a day. And. . .",". . . capsized on this catamaran. He's there with this guy called Rene Wassing, the Dutch anthropologist, and his last words are: I think I can make it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In this turn, the speaker uses the phrase \"I think I can make it\" in an ironic or sarcastic manner. The actual meaning is that the person's last words were probably expressing optimism or confidence, but the speaker implies that it was unrealistic given the dire circumstances.","questions":"Which word did the speaker use to imply sarcasm in turn 3?","answer":"sarcastic"}
{"text":["Oh no. I think the debate is a crucial - the presidential race, even if you look at state by state. The key battleground states going in to November - Pennsylvania, Ohio, Florida, Michigan, all those states, very, very close. We saw in 1980 a very close race between Carter and Reagan. Once Reagan did really well on that debate, it boosted him and gave him a landslide victory. People are - even though there's three debate plus a vice presidential debate, people are expecting that the presidential race will be won or loss in these debates.","I saw CNN running a poll of expectations a little earlier today. People thinking that Senator Obama might do much better than Senator McCain in these debates. So, how will you know who's won?","Well, because I will tell you, you'll hear me on NPR. No. But I think the real reason is look, a lot of people thought that Al Gore would wipe the floor with George W.  Bush in 2000 and then somehow the media focused on Al Gore's sighs. Not a size, but sighs. His audible sighs during it. So, it's very interesting how we decide to focus on what's important and what's not important, which is unfortunate many times. But I think, it won't be after one debate you'll have three debates and then everybody will sit back and decide what happens.","Ken, I'll be guided by your wisdom tonight. NPR political editor, Ken Rudin. Thanks, Ken."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : wipe the floor with George Bush implies a lot of people though Al Gore would win by a wide margin","questions":"Which candidate was expected to do better than the other in the debates according to the poll mentioned by B?","answer":"Senator-Obama"}
{"text":["Well, it's about four, five, six percent. But we also asked questions about whether or not people would change their minds. You can add an additional about 20 percent of voters who are picking a candidate in the month of September, but are still saying they might change their mind how they're going to vote. When you add those two numbers together, you get almost to a quarter of the electorate in Ohio that could change its mind between now and Election Day.","And the number one issue, as it is in many places in the country, the economy?","The economy is the number one issue. And one of the things that makes it very difficult for a candidate to campaign in Ohio is that when they come to Ohio to talk about the economy, they can't just talk about a single aspect. When you talk to folks in the northern part of the state, northeast Ohio which includes Cleveland, and northwest Ohio which includes Toledo, when you're talking about the economy there, oftentimes the discussion is about trade.","When you talk about the economy in southwest Ohio, which is the Cincinnati area, there's much less talk about trade, and more discussion about wages and the salaries that people are making. The southeast area of the state, which is also known in part because of the Appalachian history of that part of the state, has high unemployment. A number of counties in southeast Ohio have double-digit unemployment. Many people in that region are talking about and focused on unemployment, solely as their economic concern."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"could change its mind\" - actual meaning: might change their opinion or decision","questions":"What is the percentage of voters who might change their minds in Ohio?","answer":"20"}
{"text":["Now, the Russian government doesn't get many chances in this context internationally, on the global stage, to do the right thing. I have been criticizing the Russian government while I am here. What more can I do to satisfy you or any of these critics who hold these positions?The reality is there is nothing that will satisfy them because it is their suspicion, it is their skepticism, it is their distrust of the Russian government as an institution which is motivating this.","I mean, do I have to detail for you the ways in which the Putin government has earned (laughter) some suspicion?","No, no. Absolutely not. Again, I agree with you. This (laughter) - look, look; this is why I have been criticizing the Russian government. There's no distance between us on that. I'm not saying Vladimir Putin is an angel. I'm not even saying Vladimir Putin is a decent guy. What I'm saying is you have to understand there doesn't need to be a quid pro quo here for it to make sense.","Edward Snowden. Elsewhere in the program, he talks about his work at the NSA before he leaked classified information and tells us what's keeping him from returning to the U. S.  to face trial."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He is not saying that Putin never does anything wrong and is very nice.","questions":"What is PersonA's stance on Vladimir Putin?","answer":"Critical"}
{"text":["Yeah, absolutely.","Robo-fish and friends.","It's a great little video up there on our website at sciencefriday. com. It's our video pick of the week and. . .","And you can see this following, the milling about of the robots. One thing that he said that was really interesting to me is, you know, not every fish will follow. And so his next installment - so stay tuned, this could be number three in a few years - is to figure out how personality drives sort of the differences between the fish. It seems that the bolder fish are less apt to follow the robotic fish."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Stay tuned\" - This phrase implies that there is more to come in the future, likely related to the robotic fish and its interactions with real-life fish.","questions":"Which phrase suggests that there might be additional information about the robotic fish and its interactions with real-life fish in the future?","answer":"tuned"}
{"text":["Hobbes wrote about the challenges his generation faces in a December article for Highline, which is put out by the Huffington Post. Its headline, \"Millennials Are Screwed,\" caught our attention this week. And we asked Hobbes to explain his pessimistic prediction.","Healthcare, housing and education are more than five times more expensive than they were for our parents. There are fewer steady jobs. Wages have stagnated since the 1970s. I mean, I can go on and on and on. And so its weird that we're constantly talking about how millennials should do this differently, and millennials should do that differently. But we dont talk that much about - hey, the country around us can do some things differently, too.","So you obviously believe that the baby boomers messed up your life?How did they do that?","Well, I've gotten a lot of emails since the article came out from boomers that are saying, we've fallen off the ladder, too. And if you're 55 years old, there's a lot of discrimination for getting back into the workforce. But what we're seeing is that those impacts are concentrated on the young. So I think there's really three paradigm shifts. The first one is work has become much lower quality, basically - that there's fewer decent jobs now. Many of the jobs that are available are contingent work or sort of have been farmed out to contractors. Many fewer jobs provide things like pension, benefits or health care these days."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Millennials are not solely responsible for their situation, and other factors such as the country's policies play a role in it.","questions":"How are millennials impacted by the shift in work quality?","answer":"Quality"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me.","So why have all these Democrats decided just to go ahead and run for president and not even bother with trying to win a Senate seat?","(Laughter) I do think that there is quite a lot of enthusiasm in the party about the idea of taking on Donald Trump. But I do think that, you know, the Senate is always an appealing option. And as we've seen in past cycles that have hotly contested presidential races - 2016 being the most recent example - you know, you do have Senate candidates that get into the race, like Marco Rubio in 2016, right up until the last minute. I think you're going to see a lot of really smart, good candidates running up and down the ticket next year.","There were a number of Republican and Democratic senators over the past couple of years who've declined to run for reelection and on their way out the door said, look; it's just not the job it used to be. It's intensely partisan. And we haven't gotten a lot accomplished. Wouldn't that have the effect of also discouraging people for running for that job?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : run for president means to campaign for presidency","questions":"Which political position is the focus of PersonB's question?","answer":"Senate"}
{"text":["Well, I mean, on the one hand, you had - the Manafort indictment does not mention Trump. And - but the guilty plea that was unsealed involving this other campaign adviser, George Papadopoulos, does mention Trump. And the greater sort of uncertainty surrounds that guilty plea at this moment because it is a signal that they already have testimony from this person, already have emails and other records showing the extensive contacts of this person with others in the Trump administration. They're basically saying we know more than you guys think we do.","George Papadopoulos - has he been wearing a wire?","That's a good question. I mean, I think it's fair to assume that Trump's lawyers are looking at that question very carefully.","Carter Page and Hope Hicks, according to reports, are going to be questioned. Carter Page has a history with and in Russia, doesn't he?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - \"Carter Page and Hope Hicks, according to reports, are going to be questioned\" - This implies that they will be called to testify in front of a grand jury or similar proceeding, rather than just being asked questions in an informal setting.","questions":"Which proceeding are Carter Page and Hope Hicks expected to be questioned in?","answer":"Grand"}
{"text":["But you say there is a glimmer of hope in that if we do collectively work together, some of these problems can be fixed. What are some of the most important changes you would like to see in terms of public policy?","We have to stop the rollback of EPA policies. Under the Obama administration and earlier administrations, we were starting to make real progress. When the current administration took office, there were only four chlor-alkali plants left. The others had been closed. These spew a great deal of mercury into the atmosphere. They were slated to close. But the EPA under Trump decided not to close these plants. A few days ago, the EPA under Trump decided to stop surprise inspections, which is going to, of course, diminish their effectiveness. So we're rolling back the progress that we had made.","Then we have to re-evaluate the way we test chemicals. In the European Union, you have to test a chemical that's going to be used in or near humans for its effect on human health before you can market it. In this country, we market the chemicals and only began testing after complaints that people have been harmed. And one of the things corporations tend to say is that it's so expensive to do these tests. There are things more important than money. Right now, 23 million IQ points are lost every year in children from exposure to lead. And how do you put a price on that?","That's Harriet Washington, author of the new book \"A Terrible Thing To Waste: Environmental Racism And Its Assault On The American Mind. \""],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a glimmer of hope means that there is a small amount of hope left","questions":"What is one of the problems that the EPPersonA under Trump has decided not to fix, according to PersonA in the dialogue?","answer":"Closure"}
{"text":["So over the years, we've had competitions on piano, bass, drums, trumpet, saxophone, hand drums, vocals and have launched a number of careers. Marcus Roberts won our very first competition and Joshua Redman won the competition on sax in 1991. And there are many others from Jackie Terrason to Jay Manhide(ph) and others. And so, this year is the saxophone. We have a great panel of judges - the great Wayne Shorter, Jimmy Heath, Jane Ira Bloom, David Sanchez and Greg Osby are all coming out to judge this group of students.","They will be of young people. They must be under the age of 30, and they've been guaranteed a recording contract by the Concord Music Group. So the first place winner walks away with a recording contract along with a $20,000 scholarship. The second place has a $10,000 scholarship, and the third is five.","All right, I actually want to talk about someone. You've talked about a bunch of people who have been involved with this competition. But one of them is Lionel Loueke, a guitarist from Benin. And he thought that you were Herbie Hancock after he had auditioned for the Monk Institute. He's gone on to record a debut album for Blue Note, and let's listen to a little bit of him playing live in the NPR Studios in New York.","So, what do you hear when you hear his music?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He is implying that the first place winner will get the prize.","questions":"Which prize will the first place winner receive?","answer":"Recording"}
{"text":["Yeah. Let me ask, I would think, Sana, that - you've already mentioned that you were surprised that a number of these people were not angry or did not harbor bitterness about having been born to parents who were slaves. But what else was it about them, if there was a thread that seemed to tie them together?","Their parents raised them with hope, the idea that I want your life to be better than mine. And though things aren't the way we were promised, right, with emancipation. Things aren't the way they were promised, that one day they will be, and you'll be ready for it.","You also described them in the book as having immigrant-like expectations. Explain what you meant.","There was this genuine commitment to want to believe in the future, which is phenomenal to think about. There was this belief that everything that happened to me is over. The worst is behind after the Civil War, and I am going to go out and seek a new life in freedom, right?So everything, all of my hopes and dreams, I am going to give that back to the country. There was a genuine commitment to reinvest in the building of what was to be a new America.","Was it a patriotism?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Conditional. As we noted in chapter 1, there are sentences of a natural language, like English, that are not atomic sentences. Our examples included.","questions":"How did the author describe the sentences in chapter 1?","answer":"Atomic"}
{"text":["Well, we've been calling the local hospitals. We've been following social media, posting missing persons ads. I think my cousin and I are going to be trying to head up there in about a week if we haven't found him and post missing persons on our car and just sort of drive around the areas up there in hopes that maybe we'll get some word.","What's he look like?What should we know about him?","He's a private man. He's lived in Paradise for over 40 years. He's very friendly. He's kind. Long hair, full beard. I guess he's about 5'10\". Thin, maybe 160 to 170 - I would guess somewhere around there.","Yeah. And how are your parents doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : he must be a stranger and this situation some one is missing","questions":"How would you describe the situation in the dialogue?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["Well, I think on the third CD you definitely want to show some level of growth. I think your first album is your introduction. Your second album needs to show consistency. And your third album has to show growth in order for you to have a fourth album.","(Singing) You are a star, and you are perfect just the way you are. Keep on dreaming, keep on shining. . .","So, \"Keep On Dreaming,\" one of your songs, folds in the loop from Suzanne Vega's \"Tom's Diner. \"And you have echoes of songs by other artists throughout the CD, but not samples per se. Why did you choose that approach?","You know, I think people want to be able to hear something familiar while hearing something new. It kind of ties it all together, like the \"Tom's Diner\" sample, it's just, it's like, she managed to be able to convey a certain feeling just off a melody that she had. She didn't really even say anything, but \"duh duh da da, duh duh da da. \"You know what I'm saying?And I think that's something that I wanted to mimic in this song. It's not a lot of words, but it's really just a feeling that I was trying to convey."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The artist prioritizes conveying emotion over lyrics in their music","questions":"Which aspect of a song is more important to the artist than its lyrics?","answer":"Emotion"}
{"text":["Why, over really a period of 25 years or so, have there been so many misadventures?How do you explain, for example, Iraq?How do you explain the lack of progress after so many years in Afghanistan?Why was the Libyan intervention unsuccessful?And I think the conclusion is is that the United States has focused more since the end of the Cold War not so much on defending against external threats but focusing more on the internal governance of foreign countries and trying to change it.","So rather than maintaining a strong defense in protecting our national interests, we've tended to promote democracy in other countries, we've engaged in nation-building exercises, we've engaged in regime change. And in most of those cases, we've been unsuccessful.","You were the U. S.  ambassador to Germany. Does the United States have - and you know the history - does the United States have no interest in preventing genocide and mass slaughter around the world?","I think genocide is probably the one case where we do have a responsibility. I mean, if it's real genocide and people are - there is mass murder, then I think we have a moral duty to intervene. But the problem is is that how you define that moral duty when it's not clearly genocide, when there's injustice, when there's discrimination, when, for instance, the young girls in Afghanistan can't go to school, that is not genocide."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The US has failed to protect its national interests by instead pursuing nation-building activities and regime changes in foreign countries.","questions":"How has the US focused more since the end of the Cold War?","answer":"Internal"}
{"text":["Let me follow up on a couple of things. Attorney General Sessions and the Justice Department announced the change on affirmative action and a big vow a crack down on leaks, following the leak of White House - of transcripts from White House conversations between President Trump and prime minister of Australia and the president of Mexico.","Yes. Now, Jeff Sessions, despite his very public dispute with the president, who has been unhappy with him publicly, continues to be quite busy at the Department of Justice. The affirmative action issue is not quite clear. The Department of Justice claims there was less to that story than was originally claimed, that, in fact, they're merely looking at a single lawsuit, not looking to overhaul American policy to attack affirmative action broadly across the country.","On Friday, Attorney General Sessions announced this wide-ranging effort to root out leaks, which have been very rampant in the - under this administration to the great displeasure of the president and those in his orbit, announcing that he will re-evaluate the Department of Justice's guidelines on how they deal with leaks and potentially seek to target journalists more than is already done.","And we should note, to be fair, the Obama administration targeted at least one journalist, James Rosen, who was - phone calls from. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3), the implied meaning is that the Department of Justice is taking a strong stance on leaks and may be targeting journalists more aggressively than they have in the past, which could have implications for press freedom.","questions":"What is the Department of Justice potentially seeking to target more aggressively?","answer":"strong"}
{"text":["And now to another story we'll hear more about this week. It starts with a number - $90 billion. That's about how much Uber is expected to be worth when it goes public - that despite the fact the company has never actually turned a profit. It's made plenty of money but never more than it spends. Its move to go public and consolidate power comes at a time when Americans are questioning the power of Silicon Valley and leading politicians are calling for the breakup of tech giants. New York Times opinion columnist Farhad Manjoo recently called the Uber IPO a moral stain on Silicon Valley. He admitted his once-bright-eyed take on the startup has dimmed dramatically. He's here to talk with us about why. And he joins us from Mountain View, Calif. Welcome.","Hi. Good to be here.","You say you used to be a naive baby tech pundit who bought into the Uber hype, fanboy of sorts. These are your words. But this past week in your column, you lamented, what's become of Uber?What exactly are you lamenting?","Yeah, I mean, I once thought that Uber could be a win for everyone. You know, we used to - in cities, we used to sort of have these taxi cartels which limited supply and didn't really offer a great service. And Uber seemed like a better version of the taxi. And it also kind of offered these environmental promises. We'd have, you know, people using cars more efficiently. Like, Uber promised that it could get us - you know, more people in cars, get fewer cars on the road."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Uber promised to make transportation more efficient and eco-friendly by getting more people in fewer cars on the road, but this promise has not been fully realized.","questions":"How did Uber promise to make transportation more eco-friendly?","answer":"Efficiently"}
{"text":["Then on top of that, last year, there was this thing called the beast from the east, which was a deep freeze coming across Italy and Greece, and that destroyed a lot of trees. Olive trees are very hardy, but they can't take extreme cold. If it's below 10 degrees Fahrenheit for just a matter of hours, it can kill the tree. So Italian farmers these days are thinking they can't catch a break. This is a confluence of factors, which has led to an overall production of around 185,000 tons this season, which is not very good.","Is it really possible that Italy could run out of olive oil next month?","Well, you know, Italy is not as big, for example, a producer as Spain, you know, and we see a lot of headlines right now that says Italy will be forced to be an olive oil importer. Well, Italy is the largest olive oil importer in the world and always has been, but it has just a limited amount of its own production to go around. So what - I think it's really more a matter of Italy running out of stock, running out of stocks of its own olive oil. And all of the bottling that goes on there and the exporting that goes on in Italy will be using oils from other origins.","We have to ask in this day and age, is climate change affecting the Italian olive oil production industry?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Extreme cold can kill hardy olive trees in just a few hours.","questions":"How can extreme cold impact olive trees?","answer":"Cold"}
{"text":["Do you have any concern, Mr.  Levin, that if some of these alternatives you're talking about are used more frequently that you might have a situation where - and I'll be apocryphal here - a white college kid with access to means and a good lawyer can get a very light sentence and a kid from the inner city that lacks both will still have the book thrown at him.","Well, you know, that is an interesting question because this decision by the attorney general was one based on discretion. The public has as very low opinion of elected officials and so it's certainly the case is if you don't think much of Congress, you wouldn't want Congress' judgment to be substituted for your own if you're on the jury, especially given that it's the jury that has access to the specific facts of the case.","And certainly, though, as you mentioned, race should absolutely not be considered and we need to make sure every offender has quality representation for those who have appointed counsel. Ideally, they could have some say in choosing their own counsel with some type of voucher or something so we can make sure they get vigorous representation in court, that evidence that may exonerate them is presented.","Marc Levin is director of the Texas Public Policy Foundation Center for Effective Justice speaking with us from Austin. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is expressing concern that the justice system might be unfairly biased against certain individuals based on their race and access to resources.","questions":"How is the justice system potentially biased?","answer":"discretion"}
{"text":["Did you think twice?","I said - well, I didn't think - well, I said, sure, and I held it to the ground. And then I thought, this is not exactly what I signed up for, but, you know, you need to pitch in a little bit in these circumstances.","For a disease, a virus to spill over, is it just a matter of coming in contact with the right animal?Is it just chance, or does there have to be something special about the virus itself to be able to infect multiple species?","Well, some kinds of virus, yes, are better at this than others. And the scientists who watch the world for the next spillover are particularly vigilant about single-stranded RNA viruses, as distinct from DNA viruses that carry their genomes on the good old, stable double helix. RNA viruses, when they replicate, mutate more frequently. Therefore, there's more change. There's more genetic variation in the populations of those viruses. They replicate very abundantly, so their populations are large."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A agreed to do something but later realized it wasn't what they wanted","questions":"Which action did PersonA take that they later regretted?","answer":"Held"}
{"text":["No, that didn't happen until after the article came out.","Really?","Yeah. I didn't get a ton of responses on Craigslist. I think people probably just saw it and thought it was a weird curiosity. And, you know, I didn't want it to be - I'm going, you know, I'm putting on my anthropologist hat and I'm going into black America and I'm going tell you what black America's like, because it really wasn't about that. It was more about - there are lots of different, you know, cultural bubbles that we live in and the Venn diagrams often don't overlap, and for some reason we don't seem to care about that anymore.","Almost every day, I see some newspaper article that has sent some reporter to some place where someone is having a racial moment. You know, whether it's. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : THe person isn't putting on an anthropologist hat. It means the person is thinking. This person is also learning about Black America, nit getting into black America.","questions":"Which hat?","answer":"Anthropologist"}
{"text":["This is Day to Day. I'm Alex Cohen, and I am not ashamed to admit, this holiday season, some of my dear friends and family members will receive gifts which I previously received from someone else. It's called regifting. And with more on the topic, here's independent producer Vanessa Romo.","Chances are, opening presents around the Christmas tree tomorrow, you'll be surrounded by two types of people, regifters and those who believe regifters should be carted off to an igloo colony. I know which parka-wearing camp I'm in. But what about the rest of the world?Or rather, what about a random sample of coffee shop goers and gym worker outers.","Unidentified Woman #1: I teach etiquette to children and young adults. And regifting is one of my favorite topics.","Unidentified Man #1: Am I a regifter?Well, until five minutes ago, I imagined regifting was regiving a gift, but I wasn't too sure."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : to imagine something in this context means to think that something was right, but they might be wrong","questions":"What did the man think regifting was before five minutes ago?","answer":"Wrong"}
{"text":["Thank you. Thanks for having me.","Now, the books were released on inauguration day. I don't know if that was significant or not. Tell us if it was and what inspired these collections?","Well, these collections I have been thinking about for a long time. I've been talking about it with my agent for sometime about doing something like this. The big fear was that, no publisher would be that interested in it because they wouldn't think the collection could be sustained over a period of time doing it every year. But Bantam believed it and so Bantam, we ultimately made a deal with Bantam to do it. The date wasn't really significant. I mean, the date turned out to be significant but we had set the date a long time before and we were just hoping that Obama would win so the date would really have some significance but it was all an accident. It turned out well though.","Now, you're going to - we've had anthologies before obviously. But the new thing about this anthology is that you're going to try to publish it annually. How difficult do you think that is likely to be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Tell us if it was and what inspired these collections?\" is not actually asking for information about whether the release date was significant or not. The interviewer is using this as a prompt to ask the author about the inspiration behind the book collections.","questions":"Which date turned out to be significant for the release of the book collections?","answer":"Inauguration"}
{"text":["And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?","You know, we saw reports. As we were doing live coverage, we saw reports of damage start to trickle in. But, really, right after an earthquake, it is, like, fog of war. No one knows what's going on. Emergency responders are just going out trying to survey the damage. We did hear reports of fires.","We got some calls into our - into KPCC of people telling us that they had fallen. One woman said that she thought maybe she broke her wrist. And there were a lot of people who were just afraid to go back into their houses, which is another big thing with big earthquakes - is that it disrupts people's lives not just for that one moment, but continuously, especially after aftershock after aftershock after aftershock keeps hitting.","All right. Well, we'll be getting updates throughout the morning. And thanks very much for joining us. KPCC's Jacob Margolis, science reporter and host of a podcast called \"The Big One: Your Survival Guide. \"Thank you, Jacob."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Repeating the word \"aftershock\" implies aftershocks were coming frequently and multiple times.","questions":"How does the earthquake disrupt people's lives continuously?","answer":"Aftershocks"}
{"text":["You know, you're helping a lot of people, Mr.  Mayor.","Well, I hope I am. I don't see it, and that's what scares me most of all. We care about everybody. We have to reach out for all of them and try to be successful for them to help them be that support deal for them. It's not a positive day every day, but you have to make it into one.","The mayor of Fulton, Texas, Jimmy Kendrick - thanks so much for being with us, Mr.  Mayor. Good luck to you.","Well, I appreciate it. And just keep us in your prayers. It's always nice to have a prayer given for us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The mayor is thanking the interviewer for their support and asking them to keep them in their prayers, which goes beyond the literal meaning of his words.","questions":"What is the mayor asking for?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["So let's start with the broad lay of the land. How much money do big donors pour into races generally, and how influential are they?","Big donors can give hundreds of millions of dollars. They can really get into just huge sums of money. And so this year, when you're talking about a mid-term congressional election instead of a presidential election, that money is going to play out across 50 states. It's going to play out across hot Senate races. And it's going to play out in little, mini, pitched battles across House races. And so it has a very different impact than it does in the presidential.","How so?An outsize impact?","In some congressional districts, it can. You know, it takes a lot less money to saturate a House district with ads than it does to tip something in the presidential."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Big donors can influence elections across all levels of government.","questions":"Which elections can big donors influence?","answer":"Elections"}
{"text":["We get the impression from the reporting of our colleague Adrian Florido in Puerto Rico that this was - the protests that drove out the governor, they were a protest against the governor but really against the whole political system. And the descriptions you've just given of the various positions would seem to back that up. Does anybody have credibility to take the job?","I think there are people that do have the credibility and that have the experience. But I - it's not clear to me that political leadership has heard the message that has been delivered loud and clearly by the thousands, in some cases hundreds of thousands of Puerto Ricans that took to the street to let, you know, their distaste and their indignation known.","What do you mean they haven't heard the message - meaning that the political leadership doesn't understand how angry people are?","I think that that could be the case, and it is demonstrated by the fact that there are reports of backroom dealing over who could be that next secretary of state that could take over the governor's position."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : drove out in this context means to scare someone away","questions":"Which colleague of PersonB reported about the protests that drove out the governor?","answer":"Adrian"}
{"text":["In Iran, state media are reporting the seizure of another tanker in the Persian Gulf. The ship was reportedly taken by Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps, and seven crew members were detained. It would mark the third seizure of a foreign ship by Iran in the past two weeks. NPR's Peter Kenyon is following the story from Istanbul, and he joins us now.","Morning.","Hi, Lulu.","What do we know so far about this latest seizure?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : i can take care my self for sure","questions":"What gives indication that the speaker is confident and self-reliant?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["An impression, that's an interesting question there. And certainly, you talked about that room I was in, it was certainly interesting for me to be standing in there quite literally in the middle of this room surrounded by all these heads of state from around Africa. But I quite literally - I mean, the journalist in you kicks in - I'm there certainly covering it, but it kicks in and I made a beeline, I absolutely did, when I laid eyes on him. I went right over to him and certainly was curious to get an impression of him. But as soon as he determined and as soon as he understood who I was and what I was probably going to be asking him, his whole demeanor kind of changed.","He was there - and certainly, the Leo Sullivan Foundation and the Sullivan Summit is something you - it's not supposed to necessarily be political. And a lot of these heads of state agree to participate because - they are, they're looking for the betterment of that particular country that they're in. And it's all really something we're all supposed to get together and celebrate and try to help, and not supposed to really be a political undertone to any of it. So, I wasn't trying to create that, but still the journalist in me wanted to ask him some questions about what has been happening in Sudan, and certainly the Darfur region. But I never got that opportunity.","Sounds like he shut it down a little bit.","He shut it down like you wouldn't believe."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the journalist in you kicks in\" - This is an idiom that means the person's journalistic instincts or tendencies took over, rather than a literal physical action of someone kicking.","questions":"How did the journalist react to seeing him?","answer":"Curious"}
{"text":["One person called them old guard reactionaries who are grabbling for crumbs from the table. Another called them seat warmer saying they have nothing new to offer. And that led to a larger conversation about Obama's support among blacks where black folks stand on the Democratic Party.","And we are in good old Black History Month now. Of course, we are black 365 days a year.","That's right.","But from what I've read on our blog, not everybody thinks the black history month is a good idea."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : : But from what I've read on our blog, not everybody thinks the black history month is a good idea. (The literal meaning is that there are people who don't believe in celebrating Black History Month. The actual meaning is that there is debate and differing opinions within the black community about the significance and effectiveness of Black History Month.)","questions":"Which event is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"BlackHistoryMonth"}
{"text":["Phil Simms was quarterback for the New York Giants.","(Laughter) Yeah.","This is NPR, Dan. We have to fill in the blanks sometimes.","(Laughter) I understand. Well, Bill Parcell is one of the legendary coaches in NFL history. I called Bill and, you know, 'cause saw in the press guides that Ernie was his pro player personnel director for a couple of years in the 1980s. And Bill could not remember anything about him. He says, I don't know the guy. I said, Bill, it says on the press guide that he was your director of pro personnel for two seasons when you were head coach. And he says, well, I don't remember the guy. So they're all either being very careful about it or Ernie just does not leave a personal mark with them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is not providing information about how to complete a blank, but rather communicating to his interlocutor that they need to be careful about what they say since they are on NPR.","questions":"Which organization is the speaker referencing in turn 2?","answer":"NPR"}
{"text":["The children of Jamal Khashoggi have begun receiving compensation. Khashoggi was the journalist from Saudi Arabia who vanished last year. After initial denials, Saudi authorities now acknowledge he was killed after he walked into a Saudi Consulate in Istanbul. The newspaper that once published Khashoggi's columns, The Washington Post, now reports on apparent early moves toward paying blood money to Khashoggi's relations.","Greg Miller reported this story for The Post. Good morning, sir.","Good morning.","What have the children been paid?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Jamal Khashoggi was killed by Saudi authorities after he walked into a Saudi Consulate in Istanbul.","questions":"What was the location of the Saudi Consulate where Khashoggi walked into?","answer":"Istanbul"}
{"text":["Now, the big moment has come for Andy Murray and, of course, the hopes of all Britain are riding on him. He plays Novak Djokovic. What do you think's going to happen?","Well, I picked Novak Djokovic to win but these two, there's really very little to separate them. The pressure on Andy Murray, the pressure on this entire country to finally break the curse of not having a men's major champion at Wimbledon - the last champion to win here was Fred Perry in 1936. The women a little bit better; Virginia Wade in 1977. But the hopes and dreams of this country - it's so personal here - is to finally have a champion. And Andy Murray lost last year to Roger Federer. This year he's got a chance, but he's going up against the best player in the world. It's not going to be easy. He's going to have the entire crowd supporting him but at the same time, he's got a huge task in going up against Novak Djokovic, who's played in eight of the last - I'm sorry, now nine of the last 12 major championships. He's the best player going. Andy Murray has a huge, huge task in front of him.","Thanks very much, Howard.","No, my pleasure. I could watch tennis all day. It's the best.","Howard Bryant of ESPN. com and ESPN the Magazine, on the line from Wimbledon."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be conveying a hidden message or agenda that requires further exploration or analysis to fully understand.","questions":"How does the PersonA's statement in turn 1 contribute to the overall tone of the conversation?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["And we simply took surgical samples of the sinus lining from patients with chronic sinusitis and healthy individuals who didn't have sinus disease but were in for surgery for different indications. And we simply compared those samples and asked the question, what's different between patients with chronic sinusitis and healthy individuals?And we show that the sinusitis patients had this incredible collapse of the microbial community in their sinus cavity.","And they were characterized by having kind of an outgrowth or an enrichment of this one bacterium called corynebacterium tuberculostearicum - it's quite a mouthful - and we know very little about it. And as it turns out, this organism typically lives on the skin and really doesn't do anything harmful there. But in the context of a loss of the microbial diversity and this organism there in very high numbers, this is what characterized the patients.","So we moved on to look at this in mice and to really see if something that we consider to be not very harmful in one context could, under this depletion of the microbiome, cause hallmarks of disease. And that's indeed what we found in our murine studies, in our mouse studies.","So if you had a healthy population to offset the bad bacteria, that kept you feeling better and not. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum is not harmful on the skin but is harmful in the sinus cavity with loss of microbial diversity","questions":"Which bacterium is harmless on the skin but harmful in the sinus cavity?","answer":"Corynebacterium"}
{"text":["So we really need to do research and try to pin that down. Another thing that's critical is - so what is the long-term prospect for our cities and our ports?How much is the sea level going to rise?What are our coast lines going to look like?Well, that depends upon how fast Greenland and parts of the West Antarctic ice sheet melt. That's a big unknown.","There was a piece appearing in the New York Times this week that described new research that basically found even if we curb emissions now, climate change will likely continue until at least the year 3000. Do you feel like there is any solution?Can we ever go back?","We should not think about the fact that we're going to be pristine and back what we were like before the industrial revolution. I think we have to have a different notion. We have used the industrial revolution to get rich. We've improved our quality of life. Now, those very techniques are reducing the quality of life through environmental side effects. Let's try to prevent it from getting a lot worse.","So while we can't stop a few degrees of warming on top of where we already are, we can stop the 10 degrees. My notion is do as much as you can, as fast as you can, as fairly as you can, and as cost effectively as you can, and don't get hung up on the numbers because three degrees is a lot better than six, and 10 degrees is dramatically worse than any other numbers."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : pin that down implies to solve the problem or get something done rather than to put a pin on something ","questions":"How does \"pin that down\" differ from putting a pin on something?","answer":"Solve"}
{"text":["This is Day to Day from NPR News. I'm Alex Cohen. One of the world's most celebrated playwrights, Harold Pinter, has died. Pinter was a mainstay on the London theater scene since the 1950s. His works include \"The Birthday Party,\" \"The Homecoming,\" \"The Celebration,\" just to name a few. Harold Pinter won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2005. Here he is accepting that award.","There are no hard distinctions between what is real and what is unreal, nor between what is true and what is false. I think it's not necessarily either true or false. It can be both true and false.","The obscurity of those words is Pinter in a nutshell. His plays were light on plot, often taking place in a single room. Pinter offered no easy explanations for why characters acted the way they did. His dialogue was known mostly for. . .  pregnant pauses. In fact, the word people have come to use to describe that sort of tension in silence is Pinteresque. Here's Pinter in an interview with Charlie Rose, joking about the way some people reacted to his work.","When I went to see a production of my play, \"No Man's Land. \"I went into the bar in the interval. And a man and a woman - I couldn't escape, you know. They stand - stood in dead silence for a while. And then the man said, Oh, well, not as boring as the usual Pinteresque."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In a nutshell is a small space, so implies that these words describe Pinter in a short manner.","questions":"How would you describe Pinter in a short manner?","answer":"Short"}
{"text":["But what is likely to happen if the men succeed and these lawsuits gain class-action status?I mean, could it upend how these cases are treated?","I mean, if they did gain class-action status, which I personally think is pretty steep thing for them to get, I think that it could result in a lot of these either being kicked back to the school and these students and the survivors having to go through all of this again, and it also has a wider reaching impact as far as what students who are going through these circumstances see and think as far as reporting. And that's one of the things that I see as a concern.","Yeah. What message does it send to the victims?","Right. What message does it send to the victims who have already been a minority of people who report, and because the school didn't do it the right way, that their situation is not validated. And I do think that it can have a real chilling impact on other survivors reporting and coming forward and saying, as we have said in recent years, #MeToo because they think it just may come back and not matter."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  I think that it could result in a lot of these either being kicked back to the school and these students","questions":"How might the lawsuits be affected if the men succeed?","answer":"Kicked"}
{"text":["And Border Patrol agents are making a lot of trips to the hospital with sick children up and down the Southwest border - nearly 70 kids a day since December, they say. But immigration officials say it's just hard to keep up with the sheer numbers here. It's putting a huge strain on resources, and they're asking Congress for billions of additional dollars to deal with it.","In the meantime, what more have you learned in your reporting about the death of Carlos Hernandez Vasquez?","Well, a couple of things. One thing that really stands out is that Carlos Hernandez Vasquez died in a Border Patrol station. The previous migrant children who died were taken to the hospital first; Hernandez Vasquez was not even though immigration authorities clearly knew that he was sick. He was diagnosed with the flu by a nurse practitioner.","On the same day, Customs and Border Protection moved him to a different Border Patrol station where they could separate him from the other migrants to stop the spread of the flu. Even Health and Human Services officials were concerned about how ill he was. This is the agency that's responsible for long-term care of unaccompanied children. And HHS decided that Hernandez Vasquez could not be flown to a shelter in Florida because of his illness. So in retrospect, critics say it's hard to see why they did not take him to the hospital."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It was negligent of immigration authorities to not take Carlos Hernandez Vasquez to the hospital","questions":"How was Carlos Hernandez Vasquez treated for his illness?","answer":"Hospital"}
{"text":["The way I coped with these disasters was seeing myself as the hero of my own story and thinking oh, okay, in the story, the guy survives. He doesn't kill himself. He doesn't commit himself to a mental hospital. He actually survives and thrives and overcomes these obstacles.","And in addition to that, you've also had kidney problems, and you talk really frankly about just how much strength it took you to do really basic things because you were constantly dealing with your body rebelling against you.","Yeah, I'm going through that right now. I'm on the top of the list for a transplant now, and I don't really want a transplant right now because I'm doing all right. So at this point, I'm kind of bring it on. I'm just, you know, I can take it.","What about the good stuff?There are many good things in your life, and two of them are Eva and Chet(ph), your kids. What are they like?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"body rebelling against you\" is a metaphorical expression meaning to refer to the speaker's body reacting negatively to their kidney problems.","questions":"Which expression is used to refer to the PersonA's body reacting negatively to their kidney problems?","answer":"Body"}
{"text":["We are. . .","We are - yeah.","There's something - does that bother you or that we're experimenting on ourselves?","Oh, a little bit, I guess, you know?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"We are - yeah.\" Here, the literal meaning would be that the speaker is simply repeating what the other person said and adding an affirmation. However, the actual meaning could be interpreted as the speaker expressing uncertainty or hesitation.","questions":"Which word might indicate uncertainty or hesitation in turn 1?","answer":"Uncertainty"}
{"text":["Yeah.","And then it. . .","Very briefly.",". . . couldn't start."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A did not want to talk about the topic for too long","questions":"Which word describes how PersonA wanted to talk about the topic?","answer":"Briefly"}
{"text":["He hasn't always fallen right in line with Trump by any means. He hasn't always fallen right in line with Trump by any means. He's been critical of Putin over some gas projects that he's been involved in. He's been critical of Putin over some gas projects that he's been involved in. But generally, he has held the Trump line. But generally, he has held the Trump line. So I think this is going to be interesting to go in. So I think this is going to be interesting to go in. He did have that one key moment in the text chain where he came in and clearly stated this was not quid pro quo but then suggested they get offline. He did have that one key moment in the text chain where he came in and clearly stated this was not quid pro quo but then suggested they get offline. So. . . So. . .","Right. Right.","So we'll see what happens once he jumps in there. So we'll see what happens once he jumps in there.","Are people following this in Portland?Are people following this in Portland?I mean, how are they reacting?I mean, how are they reacting?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"once he jumps in there\" implies once he gets involved.","questions":"What does \"once\" imply in turn 2?","answer":"Involvement"}
{"text":["He was very cordial. He shook my hand. He gave me the Klan handshake. He didn't know that I knew it was the Klan handshake, but he did give it to me. If you shake a person's hand and you extend your index and middle finger along their wrist - and as you pumping their hand, you start pressing your fingers in their wrist area. It's the Klan handshake.","The question that you wind up wrestling with, I think at the end of the book, is - well, let me put it this way - that the Klan and David Duke specifically are hateful and jerks is beyond dispute. You don't wind up with a lot of regard for their intelligence, which raises the question, how dangerous are they?","Very. When I say they are not the brightest, they were not the brightest light bulbs in the socket. The people I was dealing with were not. David Duke, in spite of his having - at that time, he had a master's degree in political science from Louisiana State University. I merely had a high school education and about 12 hours of college credit. So the very fact that he was being conned by somebody with a lower degree of education than him, I'll admit, I got a particular thrill out of that. But let nobody who reads my book think that these people because they weren't the brightest light bulbs in the socket were not and are not dangerous. They were very serious.","What do you think you learned about the KKK and racism and bigotry during those months?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The KKK is dangerous despite not being intelligent.","questions":"What was the level of education of the person who conned David Duke?","answer":"Lower"}
{"text":["Because there's going to be this glass chamber, people can follow along.","Right. It looks absolutely beautiful.","Oh, it does?","Yeah, it looks absolutely beautiful."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People are likely to follow through a given idea or course since it is end is clear as a glass chamber.","questions":"What is going to be inside the glass chamber?","answer":"idea"}
{"text":["Give us a call, our number 1-800-989-8255. You can also tweet us @scifri. Gerald Crabtree is the David Korn Professor of Pathology and Developmental Biology at Stanford School of Medicine. He's also an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Good morning, Ira.","Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?","Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"What evidence do you cite? What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?\"","questions":"Which professor was introduced as an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute?","answer":"Gerald"}
{"text":["It's definitely been a massive industry for Georgia in the last 10 years because about a decade ago is when they instituted these new, very generous, lucrative tax incentives which gives productions up to 30% back depending on how much they spend and whether they're willing to put a Georgia peach logo in their credits and that sort of thing. But it's really significant money back for these major studios in Hollywood.","And what has it gotten back?","There was a record 455 films and television productions that were shot in Georgia in the last fiscal year. And they represented a $2. 7, you know, billion in direct spending, which they estimate brings in $9. 5 billion in total economic impact. So these numbers are really huge. And they have been a huge destination for feature films, and not just any sort of feature films, expensive blockbusters, the biggest of those being Marvel's \"Avengers\" movies, which shot at Pinewood Studios in Atlanta, which is a big production facility.","As we mentioned, studios and media companies have sent some warning signals. How likely, though, is an actual boycott?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Georgia's film industry has had a massive economic impact.","questions":"What has been the impact of Georgia's film industry?","answer":"Economic"}
{"text":["The way I coped with these disasters was seeing myself as the hero of my own story and thinking oh, okay, in the story, the guy survives. He doesn't kill himself. He doesn't commit himself to a mental hospital. He actually survives and thrives and overcomes these obstacles.","And in addition to that, you've also had kidney problems, and you talk really frankly about just how much strength it took you to do really basic things because you were constantly dealing with your body rebelling against you.","Yeah, I'm going through that right now. I'm on the top of the list for a transplant now, and I don't really want a transplant right now because I'm doing all right. So at this point, I'm kind of bring it on. I'm just, you know, I can take it.","What about the good stuff?There are many good things in your life, and two of them are Eva and Chet(ph), your kids. What are they like?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"bring it on\" is an idiomatic expression meaning to welcome or accept a challenge, even if it is difficult.","questions":"How would you describe the PersonA's attitude towards getting a transplant?","answer":"Acceptance"}
{"text":["Oh yeah.","You know, it's - just, you know, it's that thing, good and evil.","Oh, I've got you. I got you. Now, you just sang the title song from the new CD. One reviewer says about that, the lyrics are inconsequential, what matters is the soul and funk. I don't know if I agree with that. You agree with that?","You know what, I feel like I may have been taken out of context because I said that about one song on this record, called \"Emotions. \"I said on that song, you know, I mean, you don't really need the lyrics. But for - to put that on a whole album, no, I don't agree with that. I put a lot of time into it (laughing).","Now, you actually - you played with a lot of different folks. You were with Fishbone. You were a member of Miles Davis's band. When was that?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : What matters is how the song makes a person feels and how it sounds.","questions":"Which aspect of the song is emphasized in the statement?","answer":"Soul"}
{"text":["Oh, yeah. The kids who were studied were in the one-and-a-half years to five-year range. In each case, it was only one parent deployed. They all lived on the same Marine base, which was actually Portsmouth, Virginia. They were all enrolled in a base-supplied childcare program, which allowed them to be studied more closely.","There was one atypical thing, by the way, which is that the deployments were shorter than one would expect. The average was only three and a half months, and we know that many deployments are a year or a year-and-a-half or even longer than that.","And still, even though it was a short deployment, the researchers still saw negative consequences.","Yes, yeah. The whole question of behavioral change was studied by having both parents and teachers fill out questionnaires about the child's behavior. And these kids were compared with other kids on the same base. The only difference is, the comparison kids didn't have a parent deployed to a combat zone.","And what were they measuring, what kinds of behavior?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Short deployments had negative consequences, contrary to expectations.","questions":"What was contrary to expectations?","answer":"Short"}
{"text":["Now, the foreign minister of Iran is describing this as blackmail. It does sound like bribery. Whether it's legal or not, I don't know. But how does the U. S.  view this particular tactic?","Well, the U. S.  has had a program for more than 30 years called Rewards for Justice that they've used to pay money to people who provide information that helps disrupt terror networks. They used it with the son of Osama bin Laden, for example - or tried to use it. So they announced a program yesterday where they will pay up to $15 million to people for information that would help disrupt Iranian illicit networks. And this is - the offer to Kumar, the captain of the Adrian Darya ship, is actually the first time they've used this program in the case of Iran and the maximum pressure campaign.","So this is open - it appears to be on the surface, at least - within U. S.  law. There's a law to cover it. If anybody were to accept the offer of this money, would we ever know about it?","Well, I think we probably would because the State Department has been actually very kind of forward in terms of publishing - publicizing a lot of things they're doing because they want ship captains around the world to know that this is available to entice them to take up these offers. So if they don't publicize it, there's no kind of marketing campaign as such."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"On the surface\" doesn't refer to physical being on a surface. Here, it implies that the program appears to be legal, but a deeper evaluation may show that it is not.","questions":"Which word in turn 2 explains the meaning of \"on the surface\"?","answer":"implies"}
{"text":["Very often that's the case, certainly in surface sediments if they come from a lake or from the sea. They're the waste product. We can test them by looking at various isotopes. So there are different isotopes of sulfur, and there's a specific pattern of the isotopes of sulfur that's characteristic for this particular pathway.","And we were able to find that, and not only that but in some examples of the material we looked at we could see little sort of bean-shaped cells, not much more, again, than a micron or a thousandth of a millimeter across, which were sitting on the tissue on the cells of material that was itself being consumed.","So we hypothesize anyway that these may be the creatures caught in the act of eating other creatures.","And so the world was filled at that time with these microscopic creatures, right?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Sitting n\" doesn't seem literal. These tiny cells don't have rear-ends and cannot really sit that way, but it means they are positioned on top of other material.","questions":"Which word is used in turn 1 to describe the shape of the cells?","answer":"Cells"}
{"text":["It has. It was seized at one point by British commandos off Gibraltar. It was held in Gibraltar for several weeks. A court then finally said that it had to be released after the Iranians guaranteed that it wouldn't breach EU sanctions. The Americans tried to get Gibraltar to hand it over. And Gibraltar said no.","So this is the latest attempt by the Americans to try and get control of the ship. And so they directly offered the captain, Mr.  Kumar, several million dollars to bring the ship to a country that had apparently agreed to impound it and hand it over to the U. S.","Now, if you've got this email - and you say you obtained the email - the first question, I guess, would be - is this really from Brian Hook, really from a senior State Department official?But you have a quote from Brian Hook in your story.","It is definitely from Brian Hook, and I have confirmed that with Brian Hook himself. You know, he said that this is the - an attempt by the Americans to ramp up the maximum pressure campaign on Iran. The next stage is to increase the enforcement of the many sanctions that the U. S.  has put on Iran already. And this is a kind of a new novel approach to try and get ship captains and their crew both to be scared about working for Iran in the future and, second, to offer them a carrot, which is to say that if you come and help us, you'll be rewarded for life. And some of the language used in the email is quite colorful."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"it was seized\" means that something was taken away.","questions":"How was the ship taken by the British?","answer":"Seized."}
{"text":["We argued that six months was way, way too short. You're talking about trying to go into archives, documents, find materials. Unfortunately, this was what was included in the legislation. And we've urged the Polish government to open that deadline - indeed, to open the program to people who never filed claims or for whom no claim - buildings for which no claims were filed.","But the Polish government didn't agree.","Unfortunately not. We're hoping that the Polish government will look again at this issue and make this process easier not only in terms of the deadline but also what documentation is required. Make sure that archives are open and material is accessible because if you have a right and legislation but not the means to enforce it - and particularly for many of the Holocaust survivors and their families, virtually all of whom live outside of Poland, it's very difficult. They don't speak the language. They don't live in the country. To address even the administrative issues is extremely difficult.","And what makes this important, so many years after the terrible events we're talking about - after the crimes we're talking about?","We're facing a situation where, in the next few years, we will be living in a world where there won't be Holocaust survivors. It's a population, obviously, that's very elderly, very sick and passing away very rapidly. So we think it's a matter of justice and morality to address and to conclude this issue before that last of that generation disappears."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : And what makes this important, so many years after the terrible events we're talking about - after the crimes we're talking about?  The implied meaning of B's statement is that they are questioning the significance or relevance of the discussed matter after so many years have passed since the terrible events and crimes mentioned. They seek to understand the current importance or urgency of addressing the issue.","questions":"Which event is PersonB questioning the relevance of?","answer":"Generation"}
{"text":["How was that?","Well, it was astonishing. I think that the grown-ups around us were much too confused themselves to be able to sort of sit down and tell us that when they said that television sets belong to Satan, maybe they hadn't been right. Suddenly, we've got a television set in our house. Suddenly, we've got a radio. . .","Oh, boy.",". . . (Laughter) In our house. And suddenly, we're being taken to go and see \"Gone With The Wind\" in the cinema."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: Amused disbelief at the sudden change in the status quo.","questions":"How did PersonA react to the sudden change in the status quo?","answer":"Surprised"}
{"text":["And just before he died, he recorded what would be his biggest song.","Then comes April of 1968 in Memphis. The sanitation workers are on strike. That brought Martin Luther King, Jr.  to town to speak and to show support, and that was when he was murdered at the Lorraine Motel. It hit people at Stax especially hard.","Yes, because the Lorraine, they had a swimming pool and they had a restaurant that would serve an integrated table, and all the Stax visiting artists would stay at the Lorraine. That was their hangout. So, this horrible event at their second home not far from their own building, it was devastating, just absolutely devastating. Isaac Hayes told me he couldn't write for a year.","I want to talk about a song recorded by the Staple Singers that spoke to the issue of black empowerment.","You consider it one of the most important songs the label ever produced - \"Respect Yourself. \"","It's a great, catchy pop song with a really deep message - Mavis Staples singing lead and Pops' guitar sound. It sounds like an organ."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : (6) - \"It sounds like an organ.\" implies that the guitar sound in the song resembles the sound of an organ, rather than actually being an organ.","questions":"How does the guitar sound in the song \"Respect Yourself\" sound like?","answer":"Organ"}
{"text":["Yes, I do. And one of the ways it could be would be to have more women in the House and in the Senate. We saw back in the early 1990s after the Justice Clarence Thomas controversy, Anita Hill's allegations - led a lot of women to say, why weren't there more women on that committee passing judgment on Anita Hill's accusations?- because there was not a single one. They were all men. And why can't we have more representation for our gender when we are, after all, half the population?","That led to the so-called Year of the Woman - 1992 - in which a record number of senators who were women were elected and a large new number in the House. And that we have seen somewhat rise and continue to rise. And the number of women who are in the Senate today is the highest it's ever been, but it's still a minor fraction. And it's still a minor fraction in the House. And as women become more politically active, they become more politically attuned - they are seeing these things, and they are realizing that they need to be represented in Congress to have full power and full equality in this society.","NPR's Ron Elving, thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : And as women become more politically active, they become more politically attuned - they are seeing these things, and they are realizing that they need to be represented in Congress to have full power and full equality in this society.\"  In these turns, the speakers are implying that there is a need for increased representation of women in Congress in order to achieve gender equality and address the underrepresentation of women in positions of power. The literal meanings of the statements may focus on the numbers or demographics, but the implied meaning goes beyond that to highlight the importance of equal representation and the pursuit of gender equality.","questions":"Which group of people need to be represented in Congress for full power and full equality in this society?","answer":"Women"}
{"text":["Hi.","Why are these talks in Norway so significant?","Well, for a long time, Juan Guaido has been saying that he's not interested in talking to Maduro. He doesn't recognize Maduro as Venezuela's legitimate president, arguing that the election that returned Maduro to a second term last year was a fraud.","So he's been concentrating on his campaign to oust Maduro. Step by step, you know, he unified the opposition. He mobilized sometimes huge crowds. He secured that recognition internationally. And the U. S.  backed him up with sanctions that have been really - have really hit the Maduro government hard."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Well, for a long time, Juan Guaido has been saying that he's not interested in talking to Maduro. He doesn't recognize Maduro as Venezuela's legitimate president, arguing that the election that returned Maduro to a second term last year was a fraud.  The literal meaning of this turn is straightforward - Juan Guaido has publicly stated his unwillingness to hold talks with Maduro and does not consider him to be the legitimate president of Venezuela. However, the implied meaning of this turn is more complex and includes the political context of the situation, such as the ongoing power struggle in Venezuela and the efforts of Guaido and his supporters to remove Maduro from power.","questions":"What is Juan Guaido's stance on talking to Maduro?","answer":"refusing"}
{"text":["NPR's Tovia Smith has been following the story from Boston and joins us now. Tovia, let's begin with what you saw in court today.","Well, Felicity Huffman actually broke down in tears in court as she explained to the judge that her daughter knew nothing about the scam and that her daughter's accommodation for extra time on tests was legit. But she then pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit mail fraud, admitting that she paid $15,000 to get her daughter's SAT scores boosted by having someone correct the answers after the daughter took the test.","And we know Huffman is among the most high-profile of defendants, along with the other Hollywood star Lori Loughlin, but another parent also pleaded guilty in court today, and that is LA businessman Devin Sloane, who was involved in a different angle of this scam. He paid bribes to get his son recruited to the USC water polo team even though the son was never a competitive player. And the dad went so far as to get someone to photoshop pictures of his son to look like he was. And he paid $250,000 in bribes that were disguised as charitable donations.","Sloane and Huffman are among 20 parents, coaches, others to plead guilty. What are they hoping for?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"broke down in tears\" - Literal meaning: Felicity Huffman physically collapsed into tears. Actual meaning: Felicity Huffman became emotional and started crying.","questions":"Which Hollywood star was among the most high-profile of defendants?","answer":"Huffman"}
{"text":["And Border Patrol agents are making a lot of trips to the hospital with sick children up and down the Southwest border - nearly 70 kids a day since December, they say. But immigration officials say it's just hard to keep up with the sheer numbers here. It's putting a huge strain on resources, and they're asking Congress for billions of additional dollars to deal with it.","In the meantime, what more have you learned in your reporting about the death of Carlos Hernandez Vasquez?","Well, a couple of things. One thing that really stands out is that Carlos Hernandez Vasquez died in a Border Patrol station. The previous migrant children who died were taken to the hospital first; Hernandez Vasquez was not even though immigration authorities clearly knew that he was sick. He was diagnosed with the flu by a nurse practitioner.","On the same day, Customs and Border Protection moved him to a different Border Patrol station where they could separate him from the other migrants to stop the spread of the flu. Even Health and Human Services officials were concerned about how ill he was. This is the agency that's responsible for long-term care of unaccompanied children. And HHS decided that Hernandez Vasquez could not be flown to a shelter in Florida because of his illness. So in retrospect, critics say it's hard to see why they did not take him to the hospital."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There was a failure to provide appropriate medical care for Carlos Hernandez Vasquez.","questions":"How was Carlos Hernandez Vasquez's illness diagnosed?","answer":"Flu"}
{"text":["I can do it either way.","There are two different puzzles. You know, they are the dominant forms of matter and energy in the universe. Roughly speaking, dark matter accounts for about 25 percent of the universe, and dark energy 70 percent with the stuff you and I are made of, weighing in at 4. 5 percent. And, you know, dark matter holds things together. Dark matter holds together our galaxy, and it's the dark energy that's causing the expansion of the universe to speed up. So they're doing very different things. But as you alluded to, they're both big mysteries and who knows?They might be related.","We think that in terms of the puzzles that were at different stages, as long as we're talking about the LHC, one of cosmology's big hopes is that the LHC stands for dark matter factory. Let's see, I guess those letters don't quite work. Maybe in some language they do. But we're hoping that the LHC, after it finds the Higgs, will actually find the dark matter particle so that this mystery that started some 70 years ago with Fritz Zwicky will be finished off and that we will have identified the dark matter. The dark energy is one of those puzzles where, who knows, it could get solved this decade, but my hunch is it will be another 30 years or maybe even longer.","Are you saying that the Large Hadron Collider can actually make dark matter?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker is using the phrase \"LHC stands for dark matter factory\" figuratively, as the LHC is not literally a factory that produces dark matter particles. The speaker is expressing hope that the LHC will be able to detect or produce dark matter particles, which would help solve the mystery of dark matter.","questions":"How is the LHC hoping to contribute to solving the mystery of dark matter?","answer":"Detect"}
{"text":["And, of course, this comes just a few hours after the president announced a new acting chief of staff. And I emphasize the word acting because that's unusual.","Yeah. So Mick Mulvaney is the head of the Office of Management and Budget. Until recently, he was also the acting head of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau but - which he wanted to destroy. But then a permanent head of that agency was confirmed. And so then he only had one job. Now he has two once again. He will be the acting chief of staff. According to the White House, he will do - he will only focus on chief of staff work. He will not do budget work. His deputy there will do that. But he will continue to be in that job - or both jobs. And presumably, the president will be looking for a more long-term chief of staff, though long term is all relative, especially in this administration.","NPR White House correspondent Tamara Keith, thanks so much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : All ideas are different between all human beings.","questions":"How can we describe the new acting chief of staff?","answer":"acting"}
{"text":["Well, let's talk about the walk back because we had seen vague reports that China was reneging on something it had agreed to but not a ton of detail. What exactly did China say, ah, we don't want to do?","Well, there's a tactical side to this, and there's something of a cultural side. The tactical side is that China, not unlike the Trump administration, is trying to get the best possible deal that it can to do as little as possible to please Trump. So it's not unusual that they would try to walk back some of their agreements at the last minute.","But the real issue is that they had agreed to make some structural changes - difficult structural changes to the Chinese economy. And this involves things like decreasing subsidies to state-owned enterprises, more guarantees of openness to American companies, protections for intellectual property. They did not like having those promises committed to paper in this 150-page agreement. Those had to be made public. And it looks like a concession to the Chinese people.","OK. So they didn't want to go as far as the Trump administration wanted them to go - at least not in writing."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : China did not want to commit to difficult structural changes in their economy in writing because it would look like a concession to the Chinese people.","questions":"How did China feel about making promises committed to paper in the agreement?","answer":"Commit"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Anthony Leiserowitz of the - he's the director of the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication at Yale. How can you follow up with this?Can you keep coming up with new polls so we can follow this?","Oh, absolutely. We'll be doing this at least twice a year and, of course, we have lots of other colleagues around the country that are also surveying on this exact same topics.","And will we know if this does move into the - more into the political discourse as well as the public discourse?","Well, I think we'll see it. I mean, first of all, you can see it in the amount of - number of times that the president talks about this, that candidate Mitt Romney talks about this, as well as across the board. I mean, remember, it's not just the presidential election. There are some Senate races and congressional races all over this country. And what we're seeing is that a lot of people are beginning to ask the question about climate change."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"How can you follow up with this?\" - This is a literal question about how the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication can continue to conduct new polls on the topic.","questions":"Which organization is conducting polls on climate change communication?","answer":"Yale"}
{"text":["Well, that would be an interesting question. Right now, we make a decision. We say we're going to harden particular targets to make them difficult for terrorists to attack. So yes, terrorists do act rationally and choose another target - they choose a less hardened target. The question is whether it could respond very rapidly to changing information.","Large terror attacks take a lot of work and a lot of planning. And if the market predicted a high probability of an attack in a particular place, it's not as though it's a trivial matter for a terror group to suddenly switch all of its resources to another place. I'm not suggesting this would work. It would be a tool that would be used alongside other tools. And I'm just suggesting an experiment to see if it can improve the accuracy of intelligence forecast.","And what do you say to those people who say - my God, this is hideous?It's blood money.","It is hideous in a sense. It is. There's no question. I share the revulsion of people who say - but people shouldn't profit from this. On the other hand, if allowing people to profit from this, from making these predictions, improved our ability to predict, then it might be something worth trying because of the lives it would save on the other side."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) A: Large terror attacks take a lot of work and a lot of planning. And if the market predicted a high probability of an attack in a particular place, it's not as though it's a trivial matter for a terror group to suddenly switch all of its resources to another place. I'm not suggesting this would work. It would be a tool that would be used alongside other tools. And I'm just suggesting an experiment to see if it can improve the accuracy of intelligence forecast.","questions":"How would the market prediction affect the terror groups' plan?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["I remember one moment where you're asking, when do you think about race?And someone said, right now.","Like, you know, this is a hey, we're on the spot. At certain points, people are accused, people in the media, of overemphasizing our differences. Were they afraid of being misrepresented?","Some were and some weren't. There was a lawyer who participated in some of the discussions. He is a registered Republican. And when the local paper did a story about our series of conversations, they identified him as a white Republican, and he said when he saw that in the paper, it was jarring for him, because he never thought of himself being described in that way. He said, I've never thought of myself having a label affixed to my name, and it was really uncomfortable for me. And when he was saying this, there were several people in the coloring room who were nodding their heads saying, well, welcome to our world.","Speaking of welcome to our world, one thing I've noticed is that, you know, we talk about black folks, we talk about white folks. There's no question that you have to talk about blackness. But you've also included people who were not black and not white. So how do you think Latinos and Asians in particular are faring in this election in terms of feeling represented or sought out or given their say?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : at certain points refers to periods in time","questions":"How does PersonB describe the situation when people are accused of overemphasizing differences?","answer":"overemphasizing"}
{"text":[". . . We figured out that if all of these things operate as they have historically and retire according to their normal lifetimes, we'd have another maybe 650 billion tons of CO2 emitted to the atmosphere.","That sounds pretty ugly.","Yeah, that's a very large number because we can compare that to sort of the budget we have that the United Nations has identified as being safe targets; 1 1\/2 degrees Celsius of warming relative to the preindustrial is considered the safe operating space right now. And this would put us in jeopardy of being beyond that.","I mean, I guess we're assuming that nothing will change, but couldn't there be big technological breakthroughs that could prevent temperatures from rising far beyond 1. 5 degrees Celsius?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : I don't like it so it sounds bad, or sounds ugly. ","questions":"How did PersonB react to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Disapprovingly"}
{"text":["So we really need to do research and try to pin that down. Another thing that's critical is - so what is the long-term prospect for our cities and our ports?How much is the sea level going to rise?What are our coast lines going to look like?Well, that depends upon how fast Greenland and parts of the West Antarctic ice sheet melt. That's a big unknown.","There was a piece appearing in the New York Times this week that described new research that basically found even if we curb emissions now, climate change will likely continue until at least the year 3000. Do you feel like there is any solution?Can we ever go back?","We should not think about the fact that we're going to be pristine and back what we were like before the industrial revolution. I think we have to have a different notion. We have used the industrial revolution to get rich. We've improved our quality of life. Now, those very techniques are reducing the quality of life through environmental side effects. Let's try to prevent it from getting a lot worse.","So while we can't stop a few degrees of warming on top of where we already are, we can stop the 10 degrees. My notion is do as much as you can, as fast as you can, as fairly as you can, and as cost effectively as you can, and don't get hung up on the numbers because three degrees is a lot better than six, and 10 degrees is dramatically worse than any other numbers."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They need to do research and find out the answer that they are looking for.","questions":"Which answer?","answer":"What"}
{"text":["They are, yes, they're getting longer. Yeah, the Earth's spinning down. And this actually goes back to George Darwin's original idea that the Earth could have been spinning really fast because being the son of Charles Darwin, he was familiar with the fossil record, and there were these puzzles when you looked at certain fossils that should have little layers accreted on the - you know, I think it was corals every day.","You know, go deep back into the fossil record, and you start to see 400 layers accreted per year instead of 365. And so there was this evidence that there were more days per year, which indicates that the days were shorter. And so our days are lengthening, the months are lengthening. There's nothing you can do about it.","I think that's a great place to call it. Thank you, Dr.  Asphaug, for coming and joining us on the show.","Oh, you're most welcome, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Earth's days are getting longer due to the planet spinning slower and there were more days per year in the past based on fossil record evidence.","questions":"What was George Darwin's original idea related to the Earth's spin?","answer":"Spinning"}
{"text":["Most Americans agree Congress should do something to try to end gun violence. There is wide support for a range of ideas, including keeping tabs on or limiting who can get a gun and making it easier for police and family members to temporarily take guns away from people who may hurt themselves or others - what's known as red flag laws. There's more division on other proposals. We all - we know all of this because of a new NPR\/PBS NewsHour\/Marist poll.","NPR senior political editor and correspondent Domenico Montanaro has dug into the numbers. He joins us now. Hey, Domenico.","Hey, Ailsa.","OK. So I want to start where there is some agreement. Let's just start positive for now. What does this poll tell us?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Let's focus on the areas of agreement before discussing divisive issues.","questions":"How does PersonB suggest to approach the discussion on gun violence?","answer":"Focus"}
{"text":["Yes, they are in re-settlement areas. For example, in Mozambique you have 258,000 people, 90,000 of whom have been displaced over the past month or so. In Malawi you already have 700 cholera cases that have been reported. You have about 152,000 people who have been affected. So they are moving away from their home areas into re-settlement camps.","Let's move to Kenya in the east of Africa. The talks between President Kibaki and opposition leader Raila Odinga continue today outside of Nairobi and the negotiations are being mediated by former U. N.  Secretary General Kofi Annan. Since the post-election violence began in late December, more than 1,000 people have been killed and hundreds of thousands have been displaced. There are also reports of a wave of sexual violence against women who've been displaced by this turmoil. So Cassandra, what's going on here?","Since the violence after the disputed elections on December 27th, we're seeing that this situation has put women and girls at great risk of sexual assault. We know that always in situations of conflict women and girls are in danger. And in Kenya it is no different. We are hearing reports from Nairobi, from the Nairobi general hospital, that there may be as many as double the number of cases of rape within the days following the eruption of the violence.","And what we know is that for every case that is being treated or is being reported, there are many more victims who fail to seek help."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"many more victims who fail to seek help\" is a figurative expression, meaning that there are many more victims who do not report or seek help for their situation, and not a literal reference to victims physically failing to seek help.","questions":"How is the expression \"many more victims who fail to seek help\" being used in turn 3?","answer":"Report"}
{"text":["We have frozen nonessential travel. We've frozen nonessential hiring. And we've also given all of our staff - 2,500 of them across the state - a 60-day notice of a furlough - that is unpaid leave time - to be taken sometime during the fiscal year.","You have asked state legislators to intervene. Have they, and are you optimistic it might make a difference?","It's going to be a very heavy lift in that overriding the veto requires three quarters of the legislature in combined session. So 45 of Alaska's 60 legislators need to override the veto.","The governor's argument is that these cuts are, A, necessary for the budget and, B, that they would allow the University of Alaska to be - and I'll quote him - \"smaller, leaner but still very, very positive and a productive university. \"If I'm hearing you right, you are not in agreement."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The travel has not been frozen in the sense of encased in ice - it has just been suspended, metaphorically. ","questions":"What has been frozen in a metaphorical sense?","answer":"Travel"}
{"text":["About six lengths off the lead followed by Homeroom Jester and the trailer is Dolarolarorrarockadockamolahholah.","Hackahmackahdolohrollocolamockahdackahmolahhackahdohkah.","(Laughter).","And yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"About six lengths off the lead followed by Homeroom Jester and the trailer is Dolarolarorrarockadockamolahholah.\" This is an example of horse racing jargon, where \"lengths\" refers to a unit of measurement used to describe the distance between horses during a race. The names following \"the trailer is\" are the names of other horses in the race.","questions":"What is the unit of measurement used to describe the distance between horses during a race?","answer":"Lengths"}
{"text":["Well, things are more quiet than usual. There's many, many fewer people and cars out on the street during the day because of the day of mourning. People are just (unintelligible). And it's also the weather is really bad. There is like a storm and cold and rain, so people are staying home, and then some people go out to celebrate New Year's Eve tonight. A lot of people won't because of the situation.","But it's a situation that is reflected all over the Arab world and many other parts of the world where people are really angry about what's going on. They think Israel is using excessive force. But they feel frustrated because they can't do anything about it, and their governments aren't - seemingly aren't doing anything about it either.","Leaders are calling for an end to the violence, but there hasn't been much talk in terms of specifics. What can be done to accomplish that goal of ending these attacks?","Well, if they wanted to do something, they could a lot - diplomatically, politically, economically - but they are really more talk than action. This is the problem. The Arab leaders I think genuinely share their people's anger with what's going on in the Israeli attack. Many Arab leaders are also angry at Hamas. They don't like Hamas very much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 'many, many fewer people and cars out on the street during the day' implies that the streets are quieter than usual.","questions":"What is the reason for the reduced activity on the streets mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Dayofmourning"}
{"text":["You know, we don't do a lot of cookbooks on this show. Hugh Acheson's latest cookbook fits right in. It doesn't show much cooking. The chef is shown reading in a lawn chair, taking a hot bath, even playing the cello - at least holding the bow over one.","It's a book about what you can cook - if that's quite the word - while you do something else, even for hours. \"The Chef And The Slow Cooker\" is by Hugh Acheson, the acclaimed Canadian Southern chef who owns big-name restaurants in Georgia and is a judge on \"Top Chef. \"He joins us from WABE in Atlanta.","Chef, thanks so much for being with us.","It's great to be here, Scott."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : You know, we don't do a lot of cookbooks on this show. Implicated meaning: Cookbooks are not a common topic or focus on this show. The show doesn't prioritize or feature cookbooks frequently.","questions":"What is the focus of the show?","answer":"Cookbooks"}
{"text":["Believe me, I was - I just went into a state of shock. Yeah, it was one of those things. I mean, I guess some people's imaginations run towards good fortune all the time, but I'm sort of the kid who's always sort of preparing myself for the apocalypse. So when something good happens, it's more extraordinary even than normal.","Yeah, do you know who nominated you, by the way?","Oh hell no, and whoever did kept their secret because I had no clue.","Oh, you won't find that out. That's so interesting because I think you'd want to go and thank them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person who nominated the speaker for something kept it a secret.","questions":"How was the person who nominated the speaker described?","answer":"Secret"}
{"text":["And Border Patrol agents are making a lot of trips to the hospital with sick children up and down the Southwest border - nearly 70 kids a day since December, they say. But immigration officials say it's just hard to keep up with the sheer numbers here. It's putting a huge strain on resources, and they're asking Congress for billions of additional dollars to deal with it.","In the meantime, what more have you learned in your reporting about the death of Carlos Hernandez Vasquez?","Well, a couple of things. One thing that really stands out is that Carlos Hernandez Vasquez died in a Border Patrol station. The previous migrant children who died were taken to the hospital first; Hernandez Vasquez was not even though immigration authorities clearly knew that he was sick. He was diagnosed with the flu by a nurse practitioner.","On the same day, Customs and Border Protection moved him to a different Border Patrol station where they could separate him from the other migrants to stop the spread of the flu. Even Health and Human Services officials were concerned about how ill he was. This is the agency that's responsible for long-term care of unaccompanied children. And HHS decided that Hernandez Vasquez could not be flown to a shelter in Florida because of his illness. So in retrospect, critics say it's hard to see why they did not take him to the hospital."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It was negligent of immigration authorities to not take Carlos Hernandez Vasquez to the hospital","questions":"Which migrant child was diagnosed with flu by a nurse practitioner?","answer":"Carlos"}
{"text":["How do you feel about the United States now?","It was my home, and it is my home. And it will be my home because I have nowhere else to go. If I went somewhere else, I wouldnt be alive.","Is there something you'd like the Army and the Department of Defense and everyone to know about you?","I am more patriotic than many Americans. I am ready to lay my life down for this country and for the safety of its people. Im not a bad person, and I have never committed a crime. My life is in danger if the institutions like USCIS and DOD does not help me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The United States is the only place where the speaker can survive.","questions":"How is the PersonA's survival tied to the United States?","answer":"Survival"}
{"text":["I think there's also a message to be had in the region. Mr.  Trump in Tokyo, with all the pomp and circumstance, with even the irritations on trade and that mixed signal in North Korea - it was clear that this is an alliance that was vibrant, that was coherent and that was still being deeply supported by both countries. That's the message Mr.  Abe wants to send to Pyongyang and certainly the message he wants to send to Beijing.","That pomp and circumstance extended to the appearance of Trump 2020 campaign banners. They were visible as the president was making his way through Japan's streets. Another of the events that he attended was this sumo tournament. Why is Prime Minister Abe so intent on courting President Trump?","Well, you know, you - the backdrop here, too, is the Japanese people are not as critical of President Trump as many of the citizens of our other allies in Europe, for example. The president and the prime minister do have a reasonably strong working relationship. The Japanese diplomats pointed out before the visit that they've spoken or met 42 times since the president came into office.","Forty-two times, wow.","An unprecedented amount of contact. So I think there's still this sense that this is a good partnership and that Mr.  Abe can make it work."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The relationship between President Trump and Prime Minister Abe is stronger than with other allies","questions":"How many times have the president and the prime minister spoken or met since the president came into office?","answer":"42"}
{"text":["Absolutely. It's going to be an incredible weekend. We have saxophone competition which we'll be talking about. But as a part of the competition, we also have a major tribute concert each year and this year, it's dedicated to B. B. King and to the blues. The blues have had a huge influence on jazz, and we established last year an education program in Mississippi Delta called 'The Blues and Jazz, Two American Classics,' which is the theme of this weekend. And there, we worked with young kids and really introduced them, originally in the Mississippi Delta to their great roots and heritage and the life of B. B. King, who is from Indianola.","And then from there, that program has branched out nationally and we have public school programs in Memphis and Chicago, Kansas City daily. But with B. B. King this weekend, we're bringing a large array of artist to pay tribute to him. We've got everybody from Keb Mo and Robert Cray to the great Joe Louis Walker. Bono and The Edge are coming in to represent the rock community.","That's great.","And from the jazz community, it's Herbie Hancock, Wayne Shorter and many others. And we'll all be paying tribute to B. B. and his great influence on especially jazz music."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : to pay tribute means to do something respectfully to someone else","questions":"How are the artists paying tribute to B.B. King?","answer":"Performing"}
{"text":["Jay Austin and Lauren Geoghegan were both 29. For years, they worked desk jobs in Washington, D. C.  - Lauren at the admissions office at Georgetown University, Jay at the Department of Housing and Urban Development. In their travel blog, they wrote that they wanted to live life on simpler, more deliberate terms and see the globe in an inexpensive, sustainable and gratifying way. They wanted to bike it. Back in 2015, Jay Austin showed an NPR reporter around his house as part of a feature on the tiny house movement.","That's the parlor over there, seating for about seven or so, two couches.","All 143 square feet of it. Jay Austin believed in tiny homes.","I think it's really been great to have kind of not a very complex, not a very expensive space but to have the ability to have easy access to nature. If I am feeling like I have cabin fever, I open my front door."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Jay Austin's tiny house is extremely small, measuring only 143 square feet.","questions":"What was the size of Jay Austin's tiny house?","answer":"143"}
{"text":["The United Nations World Food Programme has to cut back on the food that it gives out to some of the most imperiled people in the world. In Ethiopia, for example, it's had to lower the daily calorie intake for hundreds of thousands of refugees that it feeds in the camps there. Now, this is partly due to funding shortfalls, but there is also a growing need for food aid as the globe's conflicts continue. Peter Smerdon joins us now from Nairobi. He's the spokesperson for the World Food Programme in East Africa. Mr.  Smerdon, thanks for being with us.","My pleasure.","What kind of hard decisions do to the folks in your program have to make?","Basically, when we haven't got enough money, we have to decide who's not going to get food. And most of the people we serve are dependent on the United Nations World Food Programme for their food needs - in many cases, 100 percent because either they fled countries in conflict, and they have absolutely no money, no jobs and no assets left or because they're refugees, and they are confined to camps. They are not allowed to work. And they have no money, either."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"What kind of hard decisions do the folks in your program have to make?\"  The actual meaning implied in this turn is: \"What difficult choices or determinations do the people involved in your program have to make?\"","questions":"What is the spokesperson's name for the World Food Programme in East Africa?","answer":"Peter"}
{"text":["That is actually perfect. Holiday's sauce.","As opposed to hollandaise. Right, yeah.","And never regions instead of nether regions.","(Laughter). I don't - I mean, you're the only one who can say nether regions on the air. Mark Memmott, NPR's supervising senior editor for Standards & Practices. You can send him your favorite eggcorns, make up new ones at Word Matters at npr. org. Mark, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B's laughter after A's statement \"And never regions instead of nether regions\" is not because the statement is funny in itself, but because A used the wrong word (\"regions\" instead of \"regions\"). This mistake is called an \"eggcorn,\" which is a term used to describe when someone substitutes a similar-sounding word for the correct one. B then mentions that only A can get away with using a term like \"nether regions\" on air.","questions":"What did PersonA mistakenly say instead of \"nether regions\"?","answer":"Regions"}
{"text":["I hope that there would be people who would come to the site, interested in building their family tree or learning how to start family research, who then would see an interesting article that they might not have thought they would read otherwise and dabble. And that there will be cross pollination between the two missions of the site that, you know, will make for some interesting dialogue and interesting experience for users.","Now, you've been careful to point out that when appropriate, you're going to make these links. But Professor Gates co-owns part of AfricanDNA. com. Do you see any ethical problems with your site steering people to his business specifically?","I don't, actually, at all, because we don't simply steer people to AfricanDNA. com, and there's full disclosure on the site that he's a co-founder of AfricanDNA. com.","But if you - if someone comes to the site and they click into the tab that - for DNA testing, they'll see several different places that they can go to to test their DNA, with links to those different companies. Actually, the option to link those different companies are actually presented to you before you click through to AfricanDNA. com."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implied meaning is that the person hopes for interaction and engagement between individuals interested in building their family tree or learning about family research, and that they will come across unexpected articles and ideas, leading to interesting discussions and experiences on the site.","questions":"How would you describe the person's hope for the users of the site?","answer":"Interaction"}
{"text":["From NPR News, this is News & Notes. I'm Tony Cox. FEMA wants immunity from Class Action lawsuits for its formaldehyde-ridden trailers given to Hurricane Katrina victims. And President Bush is expected to sign a housing bill that once it clears the Senate, will help homeowners in trouble with their mortgages. That and more on today's Reporter's Roundtable. But first, we check in with our very own Farai Chideya coming live from the journalists of color UNITY convention in Chicago. Hey, Farai.","Hey, Tony.","So listen, for those not in the journalism world, what is Unity?","Unity is a once-every-four-year gathering of the Ethnic Journalism Associations. So the NABJ, the National Association of Black journalist, the Hispanic Journalist, Asian-American Journalists, Native-American Journalists. It's really this kind of diversity fest for journalism."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Unity is a gathering of diverse ethnic journalists.","questions":"Which annual event brings together various ethnic journalism associations?","answer":"Unity"}
{"text":["When you marinate after grilling, you actually make a marinade that doesn't touch any of the raw fish or meat.","Got it. OK.  What about people who don't eat meat?There are a lot of people who really are trying to move more toward a plant-based diet. How do you manage that on the grill if you have limited grill space?Because, I mean, it depends on why you're not eating meat. I mean, if you're not eating meat because you have strong ideological reasons, you don't necessarily want that touching. How could you manage that?And what are some things that you should consider for the non-meat eaters?","Yeah. I love grilled vegetables. I love eating vegetarian meals. I'm not super-strict about if meat's been on the grill to then make something with vegetables. But some people don't want them maybe cooking at the same time, where they might touch or come into contact that way. So I would say one of the preparations I really love for summer are grilled salads. So this is like a grilled spin on your classic salads.","And on Bon Appetit, we have a recipe for grilled lettuces with creme fraiche and avocado, which is a spin on, like, a ranch dressing. We have a grilled cob, where some of the elements of the salad get grilled and then tossed together with the other stuff. There is a grilled bread salad, which is kind of like a riff on a Panzanella, a bread salad where you combine it with some grilled vegetables."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Marinating after grilling doesn't involve the cooked meat\/fish","questions":"How do you prepare grilled salads for non-meat eaters?","answer":"Grilled"}
{"text":["Here's another example - property buyouts. So the federal government will sometimes buy properties with federal and local money after a disaster, like floods. And the land gets turned into permanent green space. And in the future, no other homes or businesses or potential lives will be lost there. That's the point of the buyout.","So if they're buying out property, you have to be a property owner to benefit from that. And people with more wealth are generally more often property owners. Is that how this is working?","Mm-hmm. And there have been barriers to property ownership in the U. S.  for various people, various racial groups, as well.","Sure."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker acknowledges that people who own properties are more likely to benefit from property buyouts. However, the implied meaning is that the property buyout program may reinforce existing socioeconomic disparities, as people with more wealth are generally more often property owners. This suggests that the program may not be equally accessible to everyone, which is different from the literal meaning of the turn.","questions":"Which socioeconomic disparities may be reinforced by the property buyout program, according to the implied meaning in turn (2)?","answer":"Existing"}
{"text":["Who happens to be black.","You know.","And happens to be benched right now.","Happens to be benched. What do you make of this?I think Vince's issues I think are quite different from Tarvaris. I think there was a lot of pressure on Vince from the time he came out of Texas to kind of be the black Johnny Unitas, and he's going to - they'll both have an opportunity to sit and watch, and hopefully come back with a vengeance.","One really quick other black quarterback not in the league at the moment, in Atlanta, Michael Vick. Is Matt Ryan, the replacement, making Atlanta Falcon fans forget Michael Vick?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The fact that the quarterback is black is important to the conversation","questions":"Which characteristic of the quarterback is significant to the discussion?","answer":"race"}
{"text":["A lesser option would be to set up a no-sailing zone around the tankers.","General Deptula, thank you. We have to leave it there. That's Dave Deptula.","Thank you so much for your time. We appreciate it.","All right. Take care, Mary Louise."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A suggests a more extreme option than setting up a no-sailing zone","questions":"How does PersonA's suggestion compare to setting up a no-sailing zone?","answer":"moreextreme"}
{"text":["That seems to be the case.","Thanks very much for being with us today.","Thank you so much, Neal. Keep an eye on your belly button.","Rob Dunn is a science writer, a biologist in the Department of Biology at North Carolina State University. He joined us today from Raleigh. Tomorrow, traffic. L. A. 's is legendary, they're trying something new. They have synchronized every traffic light in the city. Join us for an update with Tom Vanderbilt tomorrow right after I go home and take a shower. It's the TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. I'm Neal Conan in Washington."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Not sure what the belly button reference means exactly (it refers to the earlier discussion), but it isn't literal. It's a joke.","questions":"What is the nature of the belly button reference?","answer":"Joke"}
{"text":["Burnt hair, desiccated strawberry, armpit, you know (laughter).","Very precise and unusual.","And there's also this new trajectory to incorporate the language of science. So instead of saying that something smells like green bell pepper, sommeliers are now describing it as smelling of pyrazines, which, by the way, is a chemical that is present in both sauvignon blanc and cabernet sauvignon grapes and in green bell peppers. So don't always roll your eyes at the sommelier.","I don't roll my eyes at the sommelier. I've actually always been intimidated by interacting with the sommelier. I wanted to ask you if you would take a moment to sort of teach someone like me. Can you walk me through it?","A lot of us, when we're given the wine list, treat it as a multiple-choice test. We're handed this list of a hundred options. And we have until the sommelier circles back to us to figure out the right answer.","Exactly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In this turn, the literal meaning of \"incorporate the language of science\" would imply using scientific terminology to describe wine aromas. However, the actual meaning is that sommeliers are adopting a more scientific approach to describing aromas by referring to specific chemicals present in the wine or food.","questions":"What chemical is present in both sauvignon blanc and cabernet sauvignon grapes and in green bell peppers?","answer":"Pyrazines"}
{"text":["There's something magical about that part of a meal that really seems to have inspired the book. Like, the beginning, when everyone is, like, just arriving and gathering and, like, what you want to serve in a moment like that.","Yeah. I mean, even just hearing you describe it that way, it's the best moment of a party. So, you know, everyone's hugging and kissing, and there's catching up and clinking of wine glasses. And it's just the best moment. And I think when those first platters of food start to roll out of the kitchen, it's just a celebration.","Do you ever really sit down, or is it constant movement, like, more plates coming out and just kind of wandering around and eating and talking?","What I love about antipasti is that even in a restaurant, oftentimes they'll have sort of a big communal table in the center of the restaurant, and they'll allow you to come up with, you know, your plate and a big spoon and just kind of point to or pick through and serve yourself whatever you want from the antipasti spread. So that's kind of the most interactive moment of the meal, which is maybe also why it's one of my favorites."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"everyone's hugging and kissing\" - This is a common expression used to describe a warm and friendly greeting between people, but it doesn't always literally mean that people are hugging and kissing.","questions":"Which expression is commonly used to describe a warm and friendly greeting between people?","answer":"hugging"}
{"text":["Well, actually, there are several sets of defendants. In the case of the manufacturers, the claim is that they created, through fraudulent means, a demand for opioids in the case of chronic pain, which was not the practice prior to their efforts.","And you said there's other targets of lawsuits.","Yes. The distributors and the retail sellers have also been sued. Where they have gotten into trouble is that they haven't monitored suspicious orders. And there have been cases where literally millions of doses have been shipped to small communities, clearly in excess of any legitimate demand.","If the federal government brings its own lawsuit against these companies as President Trump has called for this week - is that just going to duplicate what states and localities are doing?Or does the federal government have a different role here?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The manufacturers fraudulently created a demand for opioids in chronic pain cases, which was not present before their efforts.","questions":"What was the claim against the manufacturers regarding opioids?","answer":"Demand"}
{"text":["Yeah, he's a great story, absolutely. Another great story, though, before I let you get away from here is Mike Tomlin, headed to the Super Bowl, in what, his second, third year as a coach?That's pretty impressive.","Oh, yeah, yeah. I mean, I think Jim said this is not just he's his brother, but that, you know, his kind is - he leads a group of very young coaches, and I think in front of our eyes we've seen this transformation from the sort of old, recycled guys to all these young bloods with a lot of perk and energy.","You know, the Rooney Rule that Jim Brown made reference to with Art Rooney hiring, the Rooney family hiring Mike Tomlin, this is an example of, give a brother a chance and some good things can happen.","Yeah. We need a Rooney Rule on the media, Tony. Of course, we'll get to that next month, but. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : We need more people to hire black people in the media.","questions":"Which rule does PersonA mention that they need on the media?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["Well, I think that Dr.  King was trying to reinforce the troops, so to speak, who were fighting in the trenches of racial warfare. To believe that the movement was bigger than any man or any woman, any individual that there was a collective will of the people being exercised through their individual talents, gifts and sensibilities. But that the movement couldn't be tromped, that his death would only strengthen the movement. That the death of any other figure would in no way diminish the greatness of the cause for which they were willing to die.","He was willing to die for his people. He struggled back and forth with that death and what it might mean. But he was signaling to the rest of them that, you know, he wasn't an egomaniac. He wasn't a guy who was trying to say I wanted to be the messiah, even though people had made him that way.","And then, thirdly, I think, what he was suggesting, Farai, is that the cause in which we are invested will, in many cases, cause people to suffer. And that we shouldn't lie to people about the nature of that suffering, but that suffering could ultimately be redemptive. Martin Luther King Jr.  after all was quite famous for telling black folk constantly that the black blood that would be shed could indeed redeem the nation.","Now, you bring up the term automortology, and you talk about the ways in which Dr.  King essentially gave his own eulogy, not just once but several times. Tell us why that was important to him."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"automortology\" - This turn is a term that is not commonly used in everyday language and requires a deeper understanding of its meaning in the context of Dr. King's speeches and actions. It refers to the idea that Dr. King gave his own eulogy by repeatedly emphasizing the importance of his cause and the sacrifices that he and others were making for it.","questions":"What is the term used to describe the idea that Dr. King gave his own eulogy?","answer":"Automortology"}
{"text":["Well, I only recently arrived, so I haven't seen the whole city by any means. But when I got here, I went straight to a demonstration on the city's east side. This was one of those demonstrations that have been called by Juan Guaido for what he billed as the biggest-ever demonstration in the history of Venezuela.","There were a lot of people there - thousands, possibly in the tens of thousands. But I have seen much larger crowds turn out for Guaido before. And so this was a smaller turnout. And I think the most noticeable thing about it is that the mood has quite substantially changed. Whilst these demonstrations for the opposition leader, Guaido, were before quite very lively - there'd be a lot of chanting, a lot of singing - now there's a mood of wariness. I thought it was more subdued.","And not far away from where I was, there were violent clashes underway between the security forces and a small group of anti-government protesters in which, you know, they were exchanging. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies that the morale of the protesters' was weakened probably because of the low turnout.","questions":"Which turn describes the atmosphere of the opposition demonstrations in Venezuela?","answer":"Lively"}
{"text":["I was listening back to some of the pieces that you've done in the past couple of months as we prepare for this broadcast. One of the things that China may have to change is the role of its banks. Banks like to take very few risks if possible, and that means investing in those big state-owned industries that have - well, they may not be spectacular returns anymore, but they are reliable.","Yeah. The banks do extremely well. You and I could sit back and run those banks and be very, very wealthy, though, communist.","The government sets the interest rates and so the banks can make a lot money. And if you're a Chinese person, you can't really get much of your capital out of the country. So where else are you going to put it?","One of the problems with the banks is that they tend to invest in state-owned enterprises. It's kind of part of their job, and it's less risky. But most of the jobs in China are really produced by private enterprise, as they are here in the United States. And it's much harder for them to get capital. So people are, in many ways, feelings that the economy is out of whack in a number ways and that there need to be some serious changes. The government knows this, but there are now very strong vested interests in state-owned enterprises and the banks. And so getting that done is not going to be easy politically."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The banks are profitable, but the speaker is critical of their communist policies","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion on the communist policies of the banks?","answer":"cash-register"}
{"text":["I mean there's no logic to what he does. There's no way to anticipate what he's going to do. Often, what he ends up doing defies logic, defies everybody's expectations, defies explanation.","When you hear this from people who've been around the president, is there a but anywhere?Do they say, I love this man, but?","There used to be. Remember - so I've done - this is my second book. This is effectively a sequel. I've spent the last three years pretty much non-stop talking about Donald Trump. And there used to be buts. There are no buts now. I might make a reservation for some of the most sycophantic people around him. But even they, if you push them a little, get to the vile and ludicrous pretty quickly.","I'm thinking of a description attributed to a former senior White House official, Steve Bannon, describing the president the United States and the president of Russia, Putin and Trump, quote, \"two narcissistic, cult leader-type presidents. Both had populist talents, yet both were ultimately out for their own benefit. \"And then a key line here, I think - of the two, Putin was the far cleverer one. It sounds like even Steve Bannon, who did so much to promote the president's career, doesn't seem to think he's very bright."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Even people who are sycophantic towards the president eventually admit his flaws","questions":"Which group of people eventually admit the president's flaws?","answer":"People"}
{"text":["I suppose worth noting - the - these were young women at the time that they were employed working in factories. Not. . .","Teenagers, many of them. Yeah.","Teenagers - I mean, how young were some of them?","Well, the youngest - records show that the youngest were 11."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Turn (3) is an example of a statement whose meaning is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not actually asking about the ages of the women, but rather expressing surprise or concern about how young some of them were.","questions":"What was the speaker expressing by asking about the ages of the women?","answer":"Surprise"}
{"text":["Why change the law to assure social benefits will go to people, regardless of immigration status?","Immigrants contribute to our country economically. Immigrants pay taxes. And when we begin to unify our systems, I think that we will get more cohesive immigration policy, economic policy, political policy. I think that there's a political argument, an economic argument, a moral argument, for doing so. And I think it sends a message that if you contribute to our society, you should benefit from our society.","Now you're correct that immigrants pay taxes, and even people who are here without legal status often end up paying taxes. And yet, you can see the objection to that. Why should someone who is here illegally be able to claim Medicare, to claim Social Security, who knows what else?","Well, I mean, why should a billionaire who evades taxes collect Social Security, too?I think that what we can do is we can tighten up our systems and increase accountability. But what this says is that we will not discriminate solely based on immigration status."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : We need shift focus to stop the people who are scamming the system and not discriminate against honest people because they are immigrants.","questions":"What is the main focus of PersonA's argument in turn 3?","answer":"Scamming."}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi has had a rapid career rise. He was appointed Egypt's defense minister after the Arab Spring outpouring by Egypt's first freely elected president, the Muslim Brotherhood's Mohamed Morsi. But just a year later, General Sisi helped oust Mr.  Morsi and then he began to run the country. Now, his title is Field Marshal Sisi, the top military post. And just this past week, he took the next step to becoming Egypt's next president. The possible rise of a new military strongman raises questions about if the Arab Spring put Egypt on a path of democracy and civilian rule or more authoritarianism. Samer Shehata joins us. He's a political scientist at University of Oklahoma, and he joins us from the studios of KGOU in Norman, Oklahoma. Samer, thanks very much for being with us.","Pleasure to speak to you.","Why is a field marshal, according to various surveys, so popular in Egypt?","He's popular for a number of reasons. One, there were many people, of course, who were opposed to the Muslim Brotherhood and Mr.  Morsi before he became president. And of course it was a disastrous year in office. And there are many people who, as a result of all of that, are longing for stability and security. And the idea of a military general running the show is reassuring."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"various surveys\" - Literal meaning: different types of research studies. Actual meaning: There have been different opinion polls or data gathering methods used to understand why Field Marshal Sisi is popular in Egypt.","questions":"How was Field Marshal Sisi's popularity measured?","answer":"Surveys"}
{"text":["O'Rourke. Yeah, let's talk about Beto.","Yeah, Beto O'Rourke. He made a hell yes promise to buy back assault weapons and to push for mandatory buyback of assault weapons. What do you make of this?","That was a dramatic highlight of the debate and grabbed a lot of people, got a lot of mentions. But such moments do not make legislation. Congressional Democrats don't have a clear majority for an assault weapons ban, let alone gun takeaways. They're still hoping for universal background checks or - on people buying guns. But to pass the Republican Senate and actually get enacted, even that much would need the backing of the president and the approval of the federal courts. We are still a long way from meaningful gun measures, despite the carnage we saw from guns in August and so many other recent months and years.","And let's stay in the realm of Congress for this last question, Ron. As of today, where do you assess where Democrats stand on the question of impeachment at the moment?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He made a promise that was stressed by him and gave people the impression he would do it regardless of what happens.","questions":"What was Beto O'Rourke's promise?","answer":"Buyback"}
{"text":["And we're hearing from you on your cell phone at the kiosk now, and we should note that where you are is not too far from Fort Bragg, which is home to the 82nd Airborne Division. And apparently, a lot of the soldiers have been coming home, and how has that affected your business?","Well, I mean, all the economy has been affected, but we're not as bad because luckily, we do do a lot of things for the military. Their wives are still here, so it's constantly them bringing in things that they need to be shipped overseas or just little minor things, things for the babies. It does keep a good flow in, though.","You mentioned the babies. I hear there's been an upsurge in the birth rate there, 50 percent more recently. That's a lot of babies.","Well, the troops came home at the first of the year, and now, everywhere you look, it's women pushing strollers, or they're pregnant.","And so, what kind of stuff are people bringing to you at your kiosk there for these expectant mothers?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The military deployment has had a significant impact on the demographics of the town.","questions":"Which town?","answer":"Town"}
{"text":["So you had the U. K.  negotiating bilateral agreements with, like, Australia and Canada and India, right?And then I read you also had Germany forming its own bloc with members, countries that it had relationships with. And the U. S.  did something similar.","That's right. The origins of the British trading bloc really go back to World War I. And a lot of the considerations are of a military nature, a geostrategic nature. They were bottlenecked in some supplies, especially for the military, and that's why the British government was thinking more about how to secure its supplies. And that happened on the German side as well. Germany was preparing for war. They were gearing up for war, so they needed to make sure they had the right supplies, especially for the military.","Now, you write that if similar patterns play out today, we could see a, quote, \"reorientation of world trade around China- and U. S. -centric trade blocs. \"How likely do you think that is?","Well, it depends on the politics. The White House wants to have a more bilateral approach where the U. S.  deals with one individual country, as opposed to a group. And China now wants to create a system of its own. So that does include establishing a sphere of influence in Asia. And each of them will want to build up their own realm where they have the power in the region.","What do you think is at stake here?If this approach continues, what are your main concerns?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The British trading bloc formed to secure military supplies during World War I.","questions":"What was the main purpose of the British trading bloc during World War I?","answer":"Supplies"}
{"text":["How are you doing?","I am doing great. So, tell me how you first ended up, how and when you first ended up in a detention center.","Well, the first time I'd have to say, it was about when I was 15 years old, and it was a detention center. It wasn't a boot camp per se. It was a waiting trial, and sometimes they - you know, the juvenile system, sometimes they'll give you a bond, and sometimes they won't give you a bond, so then you're left with no way out, but to be in the detention center, awaiting trial.","So, when you talk about no bond, that means you can't get out. However, I understand that when you were in juvenile detention, you went in and out, but you were never convicted for the things you were sent there for. Why did that happen?How did that play out?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : how it play out implies the final result of a thing or series of things that happened","questions":"What does turn 3 imply?","answer":"final"}
{"text":["What in this agreement makes it better in your perspective?Because you did say that there was something in it that was, so tell me one thing.","There are. The labor chapter itself is better. However, if you can't enforce the labor chapter, it is meaningless. And so we're trying to get the enforcement on three different levels that I outlined earlier.","So what's your message to Democrats here?I mean, the issue is, so far, the administration has been trying to work with the Democrats. I mean, the trade chief, for example, the U. S.  trade representative, Robert Lighthizer, has been working with Democrats to hear their concerns about it. I mean, and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has appointed nine House Democrats to committees to negotiate these sort of - these changes.","But there is this some sense that, you know, the administration - others in the administration would like to fast-track it. There is a mechanism for doing that. I mean, do you have a specific message to Democrats?Because, as you know, with such a large - particularly with such a large presidential field, you've got all kinds of different opinions about international trade in that group. Do you know what I mean?So do you have a specific message to them about how to - you would like to see them proceed?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A believes that without enforcement, the labor chapter is meaningless","questions":"What is PersonA's opinion on the labor chapter without enforcement?","answer":"Meaningless"}
{"text":["He ended up in a small town in Alabama where he did have an encounter with a local police officer. At that point, he told police he had had a canoeing accident. They led him to a local motel. He checked in, paid cash. The police came back later to try to locate him. And by that time, he'd wandered off into the woods.","Why might Mr.  Schrenker want people to believe he was dead?","Well, it turns out he faces just a host of financial problems, also some personal problems, I might add. The Indiana Securities Division, the Indiana Insurance Commissioner are both looking into very serious allegations of misappropriated money from his financial company.","And do you think, even given these problems, he might have had enough assets to help him flee the country?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Mr. Schrenker is in serious trouble and may be trying to escape legal consequences.","questions":"How is Mr. Schrenker's situation?","answer":"Serious"}
{"text":["Yeah. They made clear that their problems with these laws are not about abortion per se, but about interference in the doctor-patient relationship, which is true. And that is their complaint. I would point out that there have been a number of other abortion laws or abortion regulations that they have not been so outspoken on that would have equally interfered with the doctor-patient relationship.","For a little more context, though, how influential is the American Medical Association at this point?","Well, they're still pretty influential in that people see that name and think, oh, the AMA - they represent doctors. But the AMA has represented a smaller percentage of doctors over the years. It is not quite as big and powerful as it used to be. But still, the brand carries some weight, and it carries some weight in Washington and in state capitals.","Doesn't it carry weight precisely because people see it as apolitical?And is this jeopardizing that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : When they say \"these laws are not about abortion per se\" they are actually implying that this particular law IS about abortion, but arguments are being made to indicate otherwise","questions":"Which law is being discussed in turn 0?","answer":"abortion"}
{"text":["The inspector general also alleges that lucrative government contracts were given to friends and former colleagues of the bureau. And this isn't the first criticism by the inspector general of the Minerals Management office. Last year, that office was accused of making mistakes in the royalties that calculated for the industry. It saved companies more than 10 billion dollars. So, at the very least, this latest investigation gives ammunition to the people who say that the Bush administration is too close to the oil and gas industry.","And so, this directly affects taxpayers and consumers?","Well, you know, the head of the Minerals Management Agency says, no, that the agency has been collecting the proper amount of royalties, but the report says some oil companies were allowed to revise their payments downward after their contracts were finalized. And outsiders have to wonder why would the industry be giving gifts to employees of this agency, if they didn't want something in return?","OK. Still on oil, another story. OPEC announced it will be cutting production. What does that mean?","Well, they do want to cut production to keep the price high, but you know, Saudi Arabia said today that it isn't necessarily going to stick to those quotas and produce what the cartel imposed late on Tuesday. So, the prospect that Saudi Arabia might continue to crank out high levels of crude is pushing oil prices down, even as Hurricane Ike barrels down on the Gulf of Mexico."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Minerals Management office made errors in calculating royalties for the industry which saved companies over 10 billion dollars.","questions":"Which office was accused of making mistakes in calculating royalties for the industry?","answer":"Minerals"}
{"text":["What the government says they're doing is addressing the problem with intelligence, which means being aware of rifts like this inside the gangs before they become violent. Fifty-five dead shows that that strategy failed here. And the governor says he's not renewing the contract of the private company that runs these prisons. Now they are taking these transfer measures. You know, they're using the intelligence that they have to transfer some gang leaders to a maximum security prison and then moving 200 other inmates who they say have received death threats. And that's their measures right now. The city is also under alert. There are police on the streets making sure this doesn't spill out into gun violence on the streets. And, you know, we'll see over the next few days whether that can contain even more possible violence.","Interesting that you say it's a private company that is running these prisons. Given that, why are these facilities so out of control?These are profit-making enterprises.","Watchdog groups have been sending out red flags about prison overcrowding in Brazil for many years now, and so it really is a political will issue. Many experts, after the tragedy of the past few days - including a U. N.  spokesperson yesterday - say that to really address this problem, you have to reduce overcrowding. And countrywide, prisons are around 70% over capacity and around 137% in this state alone.","Just quickly - Brazil's new president, Jair Bolsonaro, is a guy who talks tough on crime. Has he said anything about this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The government failed to prevent the gang violence despite claiming to address the problem with intelligence.","questions":"What strategy did the government claim to be using to address the problem?","answer":"Intelligence"}
{"text":["And you wrote that during your visit in December, you saw exactly one tourist?","That's right. A single woman who had a list of African countries she wanted to check off apparently with no information about any of them. And one of the ministers told me even the backpackers aren't here. So it is just on - there is nothing to do, there's nothing to see, there's no access to anything, there's no roads, there's no infrastructure. They have a park system which exists in theory. You can imagine a fantastic future for going and seeing things in Sudan because they also have, along with oil and water, they also have animals. They have a huge migration, probably the second biggest in the world.","So there's vast grasslands, a swirling long river section of the Nile through the country, enormous herds, large numbers of elephants, many of the things that people care very deeply about but it's in South Sudan so you can't get to it except with an airplane. And they're hoping that in the future of the country there's room for that to become an asset rather than just a leftover of isolation and war-torn times.","You describe a three-day jaunt to go see what might be too. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are a lot of things to see in Sudan, but the country lacks the necessary infrastructure to support tourism.","questions":"How many tourists did PersonA see during their visit in December?","answer":"One"}
{"text":["Yeah, that's one of the kind of strange things about the case. If these people were alive, it's rare that - 243 people - one of them wouldn't have been able to contact one of their family members at this point.","If they had, would you hope that this project could find that out?","So I'm in pretty close contact with a number of the family members. So if they had contacted the family members, we would know. The Eritrean diaspora is very interconnected.","When you refer to the Eritrea diaspora, that refers to the fact that many of the people on board this boat were Eritrean?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  is whether or not the project could uncover any contact the people had with their family members and the implied meaning ","questions":"How could the project potentially uncover any contact the people had with their family members?","answer":"Contact"}
{"text":["In Larry Nassar's statement to the court last year just before he was sentenced, he said he'd been impacted to his inner-most core by the testimony of his victims, including yourself. But he did not apologize. He was, though, sentenced to life in prison. Did you feel resolution walking away from that day?","You know, I did in the sense that Larry will never be able to hurt another child. And I take great comfort in that. That being said, Larry was a symptom of the problem. And that's something, again, that I really wanted to dig into in the book. Larry didn't just magically appear as one of the most prolific predators in campus history, in sports history and in history in general. He didn't magically appear that way. He was enabled and sheltered by powerful organizations, by law enforcement agencies that mishandled or refused to investigate reports of sexual misconduct. And so while we were able to stop Larry, what really remains to be done and the work that has just begun is dealing with the institutions and the dynamics that left him in power.","Rachael Denhollander is an activist and former gymnast. Her book \"What Is A Girl Worth?\"and her children's book \"How Much Is A Little Girl Worth?\"are out now. Rachael, thank you so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Larry didn't just show up as a predator and hurt as many people as he did. ","questions":"How was Larry Nassar able to hurt so many people?","answer":"Enabled"}
{"text":["And to tell you the truth, I still feel so very, very sorry for that little girl, you know, for her utter helplessness. And that has made me really empathize with children and with situations where human beings become like children in terms of becoming utterly helpless. If anything good came out of that incident, was realizing that you need to empathize with these situations, and you need as much as it is in your power to try and prevent such things happening, not just child molestation, but being put in a position where you have no choice.","I mean, it's interesting that your previous book was ostensibly about the book \"Lolita. \"","Yeah, you're right.","Well, I'm just wondering, I mean, do you see yourself personally in Lolita?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to feel sorry for someone means that you feel sad for someone, or showing compassion","questions":"Which incident made PersonA realize the importance of empathizing with situations where human beings become helpless?","answer":"incident"}
{"text":["They survived, but it's not like they were back at a comfortable hospital stateside within a few weeks is it?","No, their reward for surviving was Japanese captivity. And you know, what lay ahead for them was famously fictionalized in the movie \"The Bridge On The River Kwai,\" the so-called Burma-Thailand Railway, which was a - it was a war crime, really. These POWs were set to work for the Japanese, building this railroad through the jungle up in Burma and Thailand. And it was a case, literally, of the survivors in some sense envying the dead. 20 percent of the survivors would die in captivity. And so out of that 1,100-man crew, fewer than 300 came home.","It seems good here to remember the words that President Roosevelt said after the sinking, quote, \"our enemies have given us the chance to prove that there will be another USS Houston and yet another USS Houston, if that becomes necessary. And still another USS Houston, as long as American ideals are in jeopardy. \"","Well, he spoke those words, I believe, it was on Memorial Day, 1942. The president had a special relationship with this ship and its crew. Four times during the '30s he took world cruises on the Houston. It got to the point where when he called the Navy Department and said, bring the boat around, the admirals on duty knew exactly which ship he meant; he meant the Houston."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3), \"It seems good here to remember the words that President Roosevelt said after the sinking, quote, 'our enemies have given us the chance to prove that there will be another USS Houston and yet another USS Houston, if that becomes necessary. And still another USS Houston, as long as American ideals are in jeopardy.'\"  The literal meaning is simply a quote from President Roosevelt about the USS Houston and its crew. However, the implied meaning is that the quote represents the resilience and determination of the American people in the face of adversity and how they will continue to fight for their ideals even in the most difficult of circumstances. It is a call to action and a reminder of the sacrifices made by those who fought for their country.","questions":"Which ship did President Roosevelt take world cruises on four times during the '30s?","answer":"Houston"}
{"text":["We often ignore the unevolved brain or what's sometimes called the reptilian brain. So zombies exist in the reptilian brain in the movies. And as it turns out, in the real world, humans have what we sometimes refer to as our zombie brain. And you might think about it as autopilot.","Like when you're driving the car. And you sort of zone out. And you don't even remember the way that you got to where you're going.","That's the perfect example.","And there are real-world applications for this speculation, right?Because there are murder cases where the perpetrator says that they zoned out. And there's a big debate about how conscious they were of what they were doing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The reptillian brain is a person who has not been educated. Zombie brain is where people don't think about what they are doing.","questions":"What is the name given to the brain that operates on autopilot, according to the dialogue?","answer":"Zombie"}
{"text":["Four. Four. We have two children.","You're a fam of four. And you are in the hospital, all four of you?","Were in the hospital, yes.","So what do you plan to do when the storm stops?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asking if all family members are in the hospital","questions":"What is the family size?","answer":"Four"}
{"text":["And you'll vote again, yes, today.","I will, although I'm pretty peeved at the Senate for putting in the baloney tax extension. I mean, I can't believe that the Senate did that. I mean, how disgusting. But we're over a barrel, we've got to hold our nose. You know, we can't let the state of California go belly up financially.","There is a real risk though, congresswoman, that even if the House passes this it goes through, the president signs it - that it won't help, that it won't unfreeze the credit markets.","We're still going to have a problem. I mean, there is no question that there is already layoff. There's going to be an economic decline. There's going to be a recession. The question is how deep and, you know, is this going to be a catastrophe or is just going to be bad. This is not the last thing we're going to have to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The economic situation will get worse, and it's uncertain how bad it will be.","questions":"How will the economic situation be?","answer":"Uncertain"}
{"text":["That's right. We have a very messy, you might even say disorganized, approach to fiscal policy in this country, no question. But the idea of massive additional budget cuts being needed or on anyone's immediate agenda, I think that has completely faded. Our economy is recovering. Our tax revenues are up. The budget spending has been tilted a little bit in terms of its future projections. So I think the U. K.  debate will not resonate at this moment in the United States.","Well, what about in Europe, though?","Well, Europe has some other problems, very big problems, recovering from their own sovereign debt crisis. The growth forecast in Europe is still very weak. That's the IMF forecast and the European's own forecast. And now we have this new shadow of potential disruptions to gas supplies from Russia because of the Russia-Ukraine relationship. That's the new wildcard. And if the relationship with Russia gets worse and you get into any kind of tit-for-tat sanctions, it's the Europeans who are vulnerable to some sort of negative impact on their economy much more than, say, the United States.","How does the growth rate in Britain compare to that of the U. S.  right now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning in this turn is that the speaker is asking for an opinion on the fiscal policy situation in Europe.","questions":"What is the speaker asking about in turn 1?","answer":"Opinion"}
{"text":["I mean, there have been some high-profile examples recently of sort of ethically questionable journalism, you know, maybe at best. Do you think that - and this is sort of tangential, but do you think that that, the definition of plagiarism needs to be updated for the Web?","I mean, given that I started this thing, you mentioned the curator's code, I think about that a lot. I think plagiarism is kind of a harsh word that comes from the publishing world, you know, kind of a legacy term. And there are many layers to it. It's a little bit of a grab bag.","But online, one of the things that I think about a lot, which I think is a form of sort of neo-plagiarism as this idea of OK, you know, we live at a time where there's almost infinite information, and it takes time to find the meaningful and to separate it from the meaningless, and that's effort, and that's sort of creative labor.","And when someone does that, and let's say - you know, for example, one of my favorite sites, Open Culture, run by Dan Colman out of Stanford, he finds amazing archival stuff. You know, and he spends time in the archives looking for it. And then it gets sort of reported on, say, Huffington Post or Business Insider, just sort of regurgitated."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) \"ethically questionable journalism\" and \"definition of plagiarism needs to be updated for the Web\" (2) \"curator's code\", \"legacy term\", and \"grab bag\" (3) \"neo-plagiarism\", \"infinite information\", \"meaningful and meaningless\", \"creative labor\" (4) \"Open Culture\", \"archival stuff\", \"regurgitated\"","questions":"How does the speaker describe the content found by Dan Colman on Open Culture?","answer":"Amazing"}
{"text":["Thank you.","What did you see when you drove through that deep water?What did you do?","It was just devastation everywhere. I mean, it looked like a lake. It looks like a lake in the middle of the neighborhood. You can't even fathom it.","Do you remember some of the people you were able to help?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - The actual meaning is to ask if the individual remembers the people whose lives were positively impacted by their help, rather than asking if the individual remembers helping people.","questions":"Which aspect of the individual's help is being referenced in turn 3?","answer":"Help"}
{"text":["She says that the album's title, \"Pleasure,\" came out of a time when she wasn't feeling much of it.","There wasn't a particular thing. I was in a low-grade - just of confusion. Maybe it was like a what - what direction to go next - like, your compass stops working. It might have been from repetition of touring, from being - you know, having been an adult for long enough to have observed what I was doing as an adult. What - how adulthood was looking on me - you know what I mean?And so I think it was just a confluence of a bunch of different factors - you know what I mean?- that was putting me in a state of mind.","Yeah, I think for those of us that are older, we call it a midlife crisis. We have these crises of confidence (laughter). But I don't think that's what was going through you.","I know."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Turn (3) \"Yeah, I think for those of us that are older, we call it a midlife crisis. We have these crises of confidence (laughter). But I don't think that's what was going through you\" is an example of a turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.  In this turn, the speaker uses the term \"midlife crisis\" in a humorous and light-hearted way to describe a general feeling of uncertainty or confusion that comes with getting older. The actual meaning of the turn is not that the speaker believes the interviewee was experiencing a midlife crisis, but rather that the interviewee was going through a difficult time of uncertainty and confusion.","questions":"How does the speaker use the term \"midlife crisis\"?","answer":"Laughter"}
{"text":["What's your greatest regret?","Well, the greatest regret is that we lost the referendum - that I didn't prevail, that we could have fought, perhaps, a better campaign. We could have conducted, perhaps, a better negotiation. Perhaps the timing wasn't right - and that I didn't take the country with me on what I thought was a really important issue. And I resigned because I felt - I didn't fight the referendum as a sort of chairman - on the one hand, on the other hand, you decide. I was wholly on one side of the argument. And so I felt it was right to resign, having lost, because the country needed a new prime minister, a prime minister with a credibility to take us forward and deliver the outcome of the referendum.","But, of course, you know, I will to my dying day wonder whether there was something more we could have done to have secured what I thought was the right outcome, which was to keep Britain in, but to recognize we were, in many ways, the odd one out.","OK."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They will wonder about this at various times for the rest of their life.","questions":"How will they feel about their regret?","answer":"wonder"}
{"text":["Chop, chop into smallish pieces.","OK.","Then you soften eight ounces of cream cheese, and you blend that with two-thirds of a cup of sour cream, get it all nice and smooth and then you spread that over the minced onion.","And you have the ambulance on speed dial, but yeah. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is to call for an ambulance in case of an emergency, however the implied meaning is that the task the speaker is asking B to do is dangerous or risky.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue implies that the task is risky?","answer":"danger"}
{"text":["Yes, thank you.","We get it.","A lot of things in the book are things that I wrote about in my newspaper column. For about nine or 10 years I've been doing a column every week for the Guardian newspaper in England, and it's about any kind of unexpected, funny thing that I run across or people tell me about. And to do the book, I went back and grabbed a lot of these stories and then did some more digging to see what else have these people done.","Mm-hmm. Some of the stories seem to have sort of a moral to them, like the one - mysterious one I'm going to call the rectum in a jar.","Yeah, this is the case of the rectum of the Bishop of Durham. If you go to London and you visit the Hunterian Museum, it's a wonderful, wonderful - one - in fact, one of the world's few remaining big medical museums. It's part of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. If you go and visit it, on display on the main floor inside a jar is something they call object RCSHC\/P192. The label identifies it as being the preserved rectum of the Bishop of Durham, and we're talking about Thomas Thurlow, who was born in 1737, died in 1791. Would you like to hear the story of why it's in a jar in London on display?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A strange story is going to be told about a preserved rectum.","questions":"Which preserved body part is being discussed in the story?","answer":"rectum"}
{"text":["Its impact has been on all aspects of Iranians' lives. They have problems in buying their usual daily foods. Prices have soared three or four times. They have problems in buying medication. If we want to talk about, for example, in the medical field, most of the drugs are now founding with much higher prices. Some of them cannot be found easily. So it affects their health.","What are you seeing?What does that look like firsthand?","Yeah. For example, in our field, physicians have to prescribe drugs that might be less effective, that might have more side effects. And they are affordable by the people in operations, in surgeries. We have shortage of devices. People must stay longer waiting for their operation, and it affects their health.","You mentioned some equipment. Can you give an example of that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Lack of medical resources and delayed operations have negative effects on patients' health.","questions":"What is the impact of the shortage of medical resources on patients?","answer":"Negative"}
{"text":["You know, I think really when it comes to animal agriculture and pork production specifically, we've always been about open and fair markets and open trade. We know that when there's a level playing field and we have an opportunity to be able to compete with other pork producers worldwide, we continue to gain market share because we are good.","When we have tariffs, these retaliatory tariffs, obviously somebody else has an advantage over us. And especially in China here right now, obviously we've got two 25% tariffs that add up to a 50%, along with the 12% that they charge everybody. That's a 62% tariff. Well, that puts us out of the market, makes us uncompetitive.","Well, with this announcement out of the White House, kind of unexpectedly just in the past week, I mean, do you kind of feel like there's a game of chicken going on, and you're caught in the middle?","Well, let's be very realistic. The real issue at first was steel and aluminum tariffs, which the tariffs were put on Mexico. They retaliated against the United States, and our product was at a 20% tariff rate. And really that was worth about $12 per head. And that $12 came out of my and other pork producers' pocket. So that was the first one."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The steel and aluminum tariffs caused a loss for pork producers","questions":"Which tariffs resulted in a loss for pork producers?","answer":"Steel"}
{"text":["Kids are natural scientists. They're natural born inquisitors. They like to find out about everything, and we just don't have a way of doing it. Maybe your math book can help do that. Have - do teachers use it at all and think about it?","We do have teachers using it. They say that they warm up the class with a math problem in the morning. We've heard all kinds of stories. There's a bus driver outside Chicago who actually puts the math problem up on a whiteboard on the bus every morning. And he has a bag of Oriental Trading prizes.","Right.","And the first kid on the bus to get it gets to pull something out of the bag. So it's really a movement that's spreading."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Kids like to learn about everything and they are always questioning what they see.","questions":"Which trait do kids have that makes them inquisitive learners?","answer":"Inquisitive"}
{"text":["What are the problems in getting aid to arrive?","You know, and it's interesting to note - it's been, like, a week for a lot of these people because on Monday people started going into these shelters as it moved there. So, you know, for the people that are there, it's feeling really like it's been a long time.","There are still a lot of roads that are blocked going into some of these areas. These are remote areas. Some of them only had one road to begin with. Trees are down. Power lines have fallen across, so those are blocked. You know, they need to get the bulldozers in there in terms of clearing those roads so that access can actually get in there. So that is actually the biggest hold up in reaching what were really the hardest hit parts of Haiti.","And there must be concern about the spread of Zika, malaria, cholera and other diseases."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The main issue preventing aid from getting to the most affected areas is the blocked roads, caused by fallen trees and power lines. ","questions":"Which disaster caused the blocked roads in the remote areas of Haiti?","answer":"Hurricane"}
{"text":["Correct.","And that's the idea?","That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.","Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implied Meaning: Is this the overall goal we are striving towards?","questions":"How would you summarize the idea being discussed in turn 1?","answer":"Goal"}
{"text":["Some folks get a little bit cranky about having to work on the holiday. It's a day that, you know, most of us spend with our family and friends. How do you feel about working on a day that most people get off?","Folks that work in NASA have a common bond of a real passion for the space program. So, we wouldn't be here if we didn't have that. And obviously, we'd like to be with our families, but if we can't be there, then the next best place to be is working on a space mission.","So, you know, we've been doing a space station for 10 years straight, and there's been someone here every year for every holiday. And beyond holidays even, you know, one of the crew members on board is having their wedding anniversary just yesterday, and tomorrow's one of the birthdays of one of the flight directors working the flight.","So, we all kind of take care and bond together and take care of each other. And we're having a Thanksgiving dinner here that management's all bringing in for the flight controllers that are working, and we try to shift people out so that, you know, there's three shifts so that people do get some time at home."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Working on a space mission is a fulfilling experience","questions":"What is the reason behind the Thanksgiving dinner at the space station?","answer":"Thanksgiving"}
{"text":["And a few facts to guard those younger than you and me. Britain seized the Falklands in 1833, illegal then and illegal now, according to Argentina, which calls them the Malvinas. Every Argentine school child learns Islas Malvinas son Argentinas, but the roughly 3,200 residents adamantly insist they and the Falklands are and will always be British. But Jackson Diehl, none of that has changed since the end of the war three decades ago. Why has this dispute reemerge now?","I think it has to do with Argentine politics more than anything else. The reason the Argentine junta in 1982, military generals in charge at the time, invaded the Falklands, was they were desperate to distract popular attention from the fact that the economy was tanking and that they were losing their legitimacy. Now we have a civilian government in power, which, to its credit, doesn't want to invade the Falklands, but it has the same difficult economic problems again and it has the same problems with potentially losing legitimacy at home. And this is a very easy way to distract people.","This time, though, there is no hint of military action.","There isn't. And I think the interesting thing about this government is they have cut the Argentine military budget so severely in the last few years that even if Argentina wanted to invade the Falklands, they would be incapable of doing so. So that's one good thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing a subtle hint or suggestion, rather than stating something directly.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue may indicate that the speaker is not stating something directly?","answer":"Turn1"}
{"text":["The way I coped with these disasters was seeing myself as the hero of my own story and thinking oh, okay, in the story, the guy survives. He doesn't kill himself. He doesn't commit himself to a mental hospital. He actually survives and thrives and overcomes these obstacles.","And in addition to that, you've also had kidney problems, and you talk really frankly about just how much strength it took you to do really basic things because you were constantly dealing with your body rebelling against you.","Yeah, I'm going through that right now. I'm on the top of the list for a transplant now, and I don't really want a transplant right now because I'm doing all right. So at this point, I'm kind of bring it on. I'm just, you know, I can take it.","What about the good stuff?There are many good things in your life, and two of them are Eva and Chet(ph), your kids. What are they like?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.","questions":"What are the names of the PersonA's kids?","answer":"mentioned"}
{"text":["I'm looking to see if we can use this talent to save elephants and our other wildlife. If we can use these elephant to help find areas with landmines and clear them faster than current methods, then that's fantastic. By bringing in samples to the elephant and getting them to say yes, this area might have landmines and this area has a high likelihood of not having landmines - just clearing land a bit quicker - maybe we could open up areas to wildlife and humans alike. Then we wanted to look past it. They're using dogs to detect cancer. They're using dogs to detect diseases. And if we could use our elephant to do the same, then hopefully we can save a lot of people.","Do you - is to work with elephants to become awed by them?","I must admit I've had elephants since I was 7 years old and there isn't a day that doesn't go past when I am not blown away by them. They are incredible animals. They're highly intelligent. They're good fun to be around and, yeah, to be awed by them is putting it lightly. They really are very, very special animals. It's hard to put that across to somebody on the other side of the world, but when you work with them and play with them every day, you'll have a special feeling for them, which is amazing.","Sean Hensman is operator of Adventures with Elephants in Bela-Bela, South Africa. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that  implies that A has a deep admiration and respect for elephants that goes beyond being simply awed by them.","questions":"What emotion does PersonA feel towards elephants?","answer":"Emotion"}
{"text":["But what he did is he went out and explained the policy to the public and rationalized it, basically provided the sort of intellectual underpinnings for Greenspan's policies in two important areas. One, that they shouldn't target speculative bubbles, so that justified not doing anything about the housing market. And two, arguing that there was what they referred to as a global savings glut, which justified a big spending binge in the United States.","The argument was that China doesn't spend enough. The rest of Asia doesn't spend enough. If the world economy is not going to go into recession, it's up to the American consumer to keep demand up. So we shouldn't worry too much if American saving rates is zero and America's on a spending binge.","In retrospect, both of those arguments, you know, seem to be if not completely wrong, certainly very questionable given where they got us. And Bernanke, you know, played an important role in coming up with them. So sure, he's partly responsible for the Greenspan policies. But not totally, as I say. Greenspan was the senior policy maker.","Now in retrospect, it was just a few months ago, but still it seems like a long time ago. A lot of people are saying that the decision that Bernanke and Paulson made to let Lehman Brothers fail was really key because that really led to the credit markets freezing up. And so, why did Bernanke, why did he decide to let Lehman go under?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The decision to let Lehman Brothers fail was a key factor in the credit market freeze","questions":"What was the key factor in the credit market freeze?","answer":"Lehman"}
{"text":["And Border Patrol agents are making a lot of trips to the hospital with sick children up and down the Southwest border - nearly 70 kids a day since December, they say. But immigration officials say it's just hard to keep up with the sheer numbers here. It's putting a huge strain on resources, and they're asking Congress for billions of additional dollars to deal with it.","In the meantime, what more have you learned in your reporting about the death of Carlos Hernandez Vasquez?","Well, a couple of things. One thing that really stands out is that Carlos Hernandez Vasquez died in a Border Patrol station. The previous migrant children who died were taken to the hospital first; Hernandez Vasquez was not even though immigration authorities clearly knew that he was sick. He was diagnosed with the flu by a nurse practitioner.","On the same day, Customs and Border Protection moved him to a different Border Patrol station where they could separate him from the other migrants to stop the spread of the flu. Even Health and Human Services officials were concerned about how ill he was. This is the agency that's responsible for long-term care of unaccompanied children. And HHS decided that Hernandez Vasquez could not be flown to a shelter in Florida because of his illness. So in retrospect, critics say it's hard to see why they did not take him to the hospital."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The situation of sick children at the border is worse than immigration officials claim","questions":"What is the reason for the strain on resources according to immigration officials?","answer":"Numbers"}
{"text":["He explained that that track was inspired by some of my darker paintings. And it certainly is a very, you know, intense piece. As the track goes on towards the end, you just hear a creaking sound. . .","SOUNDBITE OF TOR LUNDVALL AND JOHN B.  MCLEMORE'S \"HIS DARKER PAINTINGS\")",". . . Which - I don't know if it's his door or some part of the house, but everyone in the podcast in S-Town, they were talking about, you know, sometimes you just sit around and listen to the creakings in this house. So it was pretty amazing to hear that in the recording, yeah. Well, John - yeah. John took his own life in 2015. When John sent me emails, you know, discussing his depression and his loneliness, I didn't want to preach to him, but I just encouraged him. I said, you know, I'm hoping you continue recording, you know, and working more on music. Again, I knew nothing about anything about him. I just thought it would help transform his feelings of loneliness into, you know, more of a content solitude, which is, you know, kind of easy to say but not always easy to do. So I didn't want to preach to him, but, you know, I saw a lot of promise in his music. So I did try to encourage that.","That was musician and painter Tor Lundvall talking about his new album, \"Tor Lundvall Presents: Witness Marks - The Works of John B.  McLemore\"."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The creaking sound towards the end of the track adds to its intensity.","questions":"How does the creaking sound enhance the track?","answer":"Intensity"}
{"text":["Help us understand. Just how good were the Lightning before this collapse?","Oh, quite good. They had 62 wins in the regular season. That tied the all-time NHL record for wins in a season. This was a team that was doing historic things in the regular season. Consider this. Thirty of their 62 victories were by three goals or more. So every time they stepped on the ice, they weren't just winning. They were blowing away their opponents.","So it's safe to say any sane hockey analyst (laughter) basically would have said that the Lightning was going to win the series, right?So what happened?","(Laughter) Well, I think Lightning defenseman Ryan McDonagh put it best. Everything that they did so well in the regular season, the Columbus Blue Jackets did it better in this series. But the bigger picture is this for the Lightning. They clinched a playoff spot in early March. They've been on cruise control for months. The Columbus Blue Jackets had to win seven of their last eight games just to get into the playoffs. So when push came to shove and adversity hit in the series, the Lightning had a bad six days compared to a great 82 games in the regular season, and then they were swept."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"blowing away\" in line 2 - The phrase \"blowing away\" is being used metaphorically here to refer to the Tampa Bay Lightning's dominant performance against their opponents, rather than literal blowing.","questions":"How did the Tampa Bay Lightning perform in 30 of their 62 victories?","answer":"Dominant"}
{"text":["And he loved to call it the prolate spheroid. But I guess it didn't catch on. But he was also - he was one of the scariest coaches because one of his lines in his pep talks was, it is better to have died as a small boy than to fumble the football.","Oh.","So, yeah, basically tough love without the love part.","And I understand Edgar Allen Poe has a role in developing modern football?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker uses the phrase \"tough love without the love part\" to describe the coaching style of a certain coach. The literal meaning of \"tough love\" is a disciplinary strategy that involves both love and strictness. However, in this context, the speaker implies that the coach is only using the strictness part of \"tough love\" without the caring and supportive part.","questions":"What phrase does the speaker in turn 3 use to describe the coach's coaching style?","answer":"Tough"}
{"text":["Billion with a B. And they have their own cable channels. I mean, they're major sports players. And almost all that revenue comes from two sports, men's basketball and football.","So where does all of that money go?","Not to the student athletes. Under NCAA rules, they're amateurs. They cannot be compensated beyond their scholarships and the cost of attending college. But it goes to coaches' salaries. It goes to facilities. It goes to the conference commissioners who all make an excess of $2 million now. There are a lot of people who are millionaires because of these sports. And so everyone gets paid except for the student athletes.","So how does race factor into all of this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It implies that Student-athletes are being exploited for their labor and not fairly compensated.","questions":"What is the reason for the exploitation of student-athletes?","answer":"Exploitation"}
{"text":["Yeah, well, in fact, what our(ph) antihydrogen atoms bump into when we release them is gold. The inside of our apparatus is gold-plated, so they're actually hitting gold nuclei. So what happens is the antiquarks in the antiproton finds some quarks in a gold nucleus and annihilate with those. The amount of energy released is about the same, right?You're annihilating the rest mass of the antiproton on the same rest mass of the quarks that make up the nucleus.","So does the gold get changed any way from. . .","Not in any way that you would measure macroscopically, right, but - because we're talking about, we trap one atom at a time, right?So there's no macroscopic effect that you would be able to measure. But for us, that's a microscopically violent event, right?There's a lot of energy released, and we're pretty good at detecting that so we can actually see the energy release when you lose one atom of antihydrogen. By the way, you couldn't do that with hydrogen. If hydrogen hits the wall, nothing happens, right?So this is one way that antimatter is actually fun to work with.","When you shoot that radiation at it to flip it around, does it self-annihilate against the wall?Is that what happens?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Antihydrogen atoms hit gold nuclei in the apparatus.","questions":"Which element is the inside of the apparatus gold-plated with?","answer":"Gold"}
{"text":["Why?","Because it's like they don't have an agenda. They are just naturally funny.","I see a little boy break a grown man down so bad, one time, in the mall. We was in the sunglass department. The man tried on the sunglasses, he put the glasses on, he looked down at the little boy, he said, how these look?Little boy looked at him, he said, \"They look good, now all you got to do is get your teeth fixed. \"","Kids don't have an agenda. They just say what they see and then old people they just tell the truth. So - so, you know. I live in South Florida. And where I live is a predominantly retirement community. And one day, you know, how the new - the new fashion thing is your bra strap shows. You know, you could wear like a tube top and you have a fashion bra-bra, fashionable bra one. So I'm standing in line at the post office and this old lady taps me on the shoulder, she goes, sweetheart, your bra is showing.","And I look at her like, but it's pink. So I love that. I love people that are like generally funny and just on it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : kids and old people can be refreshingly honest because they are not always trying to please others or conform to social norms.","questions":"How do kids speak their minds according to turn 3?","answer":"Honestly"}
{"text":["We're hosting an online viewing party of sorts. For all those people who couldn't be among the 75,000 at INVESCO, I guess the next best thing to do is have your computer at your desk and join us. So we'll be linking to a stream of the event, and we'll host a real-time conversation.","So give that address again.","nprnewsandviews. org.","All right. Geoffrey Bennett is the web producer for News and Notes, joining me from the studios at the NPR west. Geoff, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The website address to join the online viewing party is nprnewsandviews.org","questions":"How can you access the online viewing party?","answer":"nprnewsandviews.org"}
{"text":["I don't really describe myself. I don't have a - I don't label myself really. I've done some interviewing in the past and just, you know, strike up a general conversation with people usually in sort of a casual environment. And for some reason, usually, people will talk to me.","And I have to say, you've got great researching skills. I read that you even dug up Carter Page's undergrad thesis, and you spoke with his U. S. Naval Academy thesis adviser. That's amazing. Why did you do that, and how did you go that deep?","I don't know. I just - I have a curiosity about this whole situation, and I really wanted to get to the bottom of it. So I - you know, the easiest way to say it is no stone left unturned.","You say, you know, you want to contribute to the investigation, but how are you different than a journalist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"dug up\" - This implies that the speaker did extensive research and found information that was not easily accessible.","questions":"Which thesis did the speaker research about?","answer":"Carter-Page's"}
{"text":["Do you ever get parents who say, well I don't really like the way you're approaching this, I don't believe that that the way you're approaching this is the best way for my child?Even if they brought their kids or they've had their kids kind of come on a field trip.","We've had very few people who have said that. We have people who have left suggestions of how we can do things better, which we really want. But the focus groups that we conducted with parents before - as we were putting this exhibit together at school sites around the country, it was very clear. They were hungry for us to do something that would allow them to help explain to their children why people look different, what the concept of race is and more importantly, how people of all different backgrounds can get along in the school site.","Give me a very concrete example of something that you have in the exhibit. Describe to us one thing.","We have a wheel, color wheel, and we ask students to find their color on the color wheel. And this is the place where we talk about the history of skin color and why people have different skin color. And it has a lot to do with how humans migrated out of Africa over the, you know, past 20,000, 50,000 years. Anyway, they find themselves, and then they look at ranges of people from around the world who look like them. And it's a big a-ha moment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The exhibit helps parents teach their kids about diversity","questions":"What is the concept that the color wheel at the exhibit explains?","answer":"Race"}
{"text":["Hanna was a bride. That is, she was a North Korean woman who was kidnapped in North Korea and taken to China where she was sold as a bride to a Chinese man. This is a big market in China. After 30 years of a one-child policy and Chinese couples' preference for boys, there is a severe shortage of young women in China today. And the one thing many young men want most in life is a bride. So they place an order for one from North Korea.","For how much?","It depends. Every North Korean bride I interviewed told me that she remembered the price for which she was sold, but roughly, it's $1,500 or $2,000.","And once in this relationship, if you can call it that, how did she escape?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : North Korean women are being sold as brides to Chinese men due to a shortage of young women in China","questions":"Which women are being sold as brides to Chinese men?","answer":"North-Korean"}
{"text":["At this point now, those are the two sectors that are continuing to grow, that are continuing to be job engines. And the reason why I stress this is that historically, sectors which grow in downturns are the ones that set the pace for the recovery that comes afterwards. So, if I'm looking out ahead, I would sort of say the fact that these sectors have continued to grow is going to set the pattern for the coming upturn. So, you asked me about other parts of the sector economy that are doing well. It is very difficult to find other parts of the economy. My guess is that the next part that's going to recover is technology, but right now that part is still paddling hard.","OK, we don't want to hear any bad news right now. So\u2026","No bad news. But\u2026","We must end it on an up note."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Sectors that grown when the economy is failing do better when the economy begins to improve.  The techology sector as a whole is trying hard to make money.","questions":"How is the technology sector currently performing?","answer":"Hard"}
{"text":["Earlier this week, Deacon White was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame. And yes, we know, you've never heard of him. White's career began in 1871, at the dawn of professional baseball. He played catcher in the days when catchers use no equipment at all: no glove, no pads, no facemask. They became heroes celebrated for their courage and their wits, and Deacon White stood out as one of the best.","Baseball historian Peter Morris serves on what used to be called the Veteran's Committee at Cooperstown. It's now called the Pre-Integration Era Committee. He's also the author of \"Catcher: How the Man Behind the Plate Became an American Folk Hero\" and joins us now from the studios at Michigan Radio in Ann Arbor. Good to have you with us today.","My pleasure to be here, Neal.","And in your book, you argue that the generation that came of age after the Civil War looked around for some heroes and found them behind home plate."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Hall of Fame implies a recognition of being a noble and outstanding ","questions":"What was Deacon White recognized for?","answer":"Courage"}
{"text":["I guess that's the point. We don't know who it is.","But I will give you a little clue. Watch Murray State, from the highly unheralded Ohio Valley Conference, mainly because of one player. It is a super-guard named Ja Morant. He leads the nation in assists per game. He loves to dunk. He is an absolute whirl on the court. And where he came from is the fun part of this story. So he was way off the radar screen of coaches and scouts. He was a high school kid from a small town in South Carolina. A Murray State assistant goes down to his town to scout some players. So he's in this gym. He gets hungry and asks someone, OK, where's the concession stand?They tell him. He leaves the main gym.","On his way to the concession stand, he hears a basketball bouncing in a side gym. He pokes his head in, and who does he see?Ja Morant playing in a three-on-three game. He is dazzled. He calls the head coach of Murray State and says, this kid's going to be a pro. He's now in the tournament, and he's coming to an NBA city soon.","Wow."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using metaphors or analogies to convey a complex idea or emotion in a more relatable or understandable way.","questions":"Which literary device might the speaker be using in their statement?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Why?You know, if you've screw it up, what?You, like, lost 99 cents or $5?I mean, that's money. I'm not saying that that's not important, but God, when I use the cooking - when I lived in New York, it's like, if I screwed up, it was $30 down the drain.","Many of Christiane's recipes come from her own imagination. Others are adaptations from culinary classics like the \"Joy of Cooking\" and \"The Moosewood Cookbook. \"She says she realizes the low-budget nature of her book may not be appetizing to all palates. The 99-cent price tag does have a bit of a stigma.","I feel the same way sometimes. I'm a snob. I'll admit it. And so, you know, sometimes if I cook it, I'm like, oh, I'm pulling the ham out of the can. I don't know.","And maybe it's the ham, maybe it's not."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is saying that money is important, but not as important as the enjoyment of cooking.","questions":"Which aspect of cooking does the speaker prioritize over money?","answer":"Enjoyment"}
{"text":["Well, I think a lot of us have become inert to that. Certainly, we have problems in spades. And for any journalist who wants to come to the city and write about its resurgence, which is taking place in pockets in the city, they do well not to generalize because it shows that you're turning a blind eye to the people who've struggled the hardest to stay here.","Michael Jackman is managing editor of the Detroit Metro Times. Thanks so much for being with us.","It's my pleasure.","This is NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) is that people have become inactive or lacking in energy, and the speaker is suggesting that there are significant problems that need to be addressed in the city. However, the implied meaning is that people have become desensitized or accustomed to these problems, and the journalist should not make broad generalizations about the city without considering the struggles of its residents.","questions":"Which word describes the state of people in the city?","answer":"Inert"}
{"text":["How long has this been going on, and how did it start?It sounds like there's a culture of this.","Well, that's a great question. We've seen the number of arrests, at least for juveniles, ticking up in Pinellas in the last few years. It does spread very socially. They're sharing everything from what they're in to who they can pick up to who needs a ride to cop sighting - you know, stay inside, the narcs are out - on Facebook, on Instagram. One girl was arrested after an Instagram photo appeared of her inside the car that police were looking for with the caption, GTA squad, just grand theft auto.","Sounds like they're almost seeing it like \"Grand Theft Auto\" videogames.","Perhaps, it's been brought up before. But it certainly seems like a real life one playing out on our streets. And it's very dangerous. Kids in stolen cars in Pinellas crash every four days. We've had, you know, horrific t-boning accidents, where police cars go up in flames. We've had kids themselves getting injured."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) - \"Grand Theft Auto\" videogames is a metaphor for the risky and dangerous activities the juveniles are engaging in.","questions":"Which videogame is being used as a metaphor by PersonA in the dialogue?","answer":"Grand-Theft-Auto"}
{"text":["A busy week at the U. S.  Federal Reserve. The central bank announced it would end its stimulus program after six years. And later in the week, the Fed's chair, Janet Yellen, gave a speech about diversity in the field of economics. She said the profession, which seems to be dominated by white men, would benefit from a wider variety of viewpoints and pointed to what she called a leaky pipeline that's prevented women and minorities from making it into the top ranks of academia. We're joined now in our studios by labor economist Julianne Malveaux. Dr.  Malveaux, thanks very much for being with us.","DR.  JULIANNE MALVEAUX: It's absolutely a pleasure. Thank you, Scott.","What do you make of that leaky pipeline analogy?","It's absolutely the case. When you look at the research from the past, white males were the norm. It was not until the '70s that folks like Janet Yellen and others introduced women into, essentially, the research - just the research. I think that some of my work and others began to introduce black women, but by and large you're talking a white male space."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) -- It is true that the field of economics has been dominated by white men for a long time, and that it was only in the 1970s that people like Janet Yellen began to introduce women into research.","questions":"Which profession does Janet Yellen point out as being dominated by white men in her speech?","answer":"Economics"}
{"text":["We don't presume when we cover the news. But we see estimates. For instance, FiveThirtyEight has her close to a 90-percent favorite in terms of their poll aggregation. If we're just projecting forward - and again, we don't know - this could be a very bitter aftermath.","Forget about honeymoons. You know, I was talking - I convened a roundtable of former campaign chiefs of staff yesterday - Republicans.","And two of them mentioned to me that they thought within the first year of her being in office, Paul Ryan, the speaker of the House, would be under great pressure to bring articles of impeachment.","During that debate, Hillary Clinton kind of deftly avoided any real response on the Goldman Sachs speeches, on her husband's transgressions, if I might put it delicately, and accusations of pay-to-play relationship between the Clinton Foundation and the State Department. Do you think these are the kind of issues that might persist after November 8, whatever the result?","Absolutely. And, of course, the email issues, as well - we saw this report come out last week of a, quote, unquote, \"potential quid pro quo\" between the FBI and State Department investigators. This is something that I think Republicans are going to use to unite themselves."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Republicans may attempt to use impeachment as a tool to try to challenge and limit Clinton's power.","questions":"What might Republicans use as a tool to challenge and limit Clinton's power?","answer":"Impeachment"}
{"text":["These companies have existed before, but there's a lot more from these appraisal management companies. So the lender and mortgage broker has to send the order to them, this middleman, and then they go find an appraiser in your local area to go look at your house.","Now, there's a lot of concerns that these appraisal management companies are not the answer. They are not going to fix this problem. There's not a lot of regulation of these appraisal management companies, so some states are trying to fix that. We don't really know who's getting into this business. Are these the people to be entrusting this doing important job to?","So let's say you're a consumer. Let's say you're a person who's looking to buy a home, sell a home, or you want to refinance. What can you do to make sure you're not dealing with an appraiser who's got other motivations?","Well, first of all, you want to be very direct with your broker or lender and ask them, who is doing the appraisal on my house?You want to know the name of the company. Is it a company that they have a relationship with, a business relationship?Is it a company the lender partly owns?And certainly, you want to get a copy of that appraisal. And certainly, borrowers also have the ability - they can go seek out an independent appraisal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The process of getting an appraisal is now more complicated because there are middlemen involved.","questions":"Which term describes the intermediaries involved in the process of obtaining an appraisal?","answer":"Middlemen"}
{"text":["But instead the executives went in with the don't-tell-us-what-to-do approach, and they overplayed their hand. And this has happened before in the EU with the massive privacy law and billion-dollar fines. It's clear Europe is giving big tech a smackdown. And Google, whose motto used to be, don't be evil, might consider a new motto - play nice.","So what do these new rules mean for, say, artists, for creators?How helpful is all of this to them?","Well, there could be a fascinating rift here. Last summer, Sir Paul McCartney from the Beatles - OK?- he wrote an open letter to the European Parliament. He said, music and culture matter. They don't just happen. The companies exploit artists' work. And he wanted the law overhauled. But he's a big-time artist with lawyers who can produce copyright documents - right?- and negotiate agreements with Google.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly suggesting that the other person is being unreasonable or unrealistic in their expectations or demands.","questions":"How did the speaker imply that the other person is being unreasonable or unrealistic?","answer":"Unreasonable"}
{"text":["That is correct. I was a young editor. And Fleming was a charming man. I liked him enormously. I liked him better than I liked his books actually. He had my first novel and was very, very kind to me about that. Ayn Rand was another case all together. She and I really didn't get along. But she was a tough cookie.","Among the many question this novel keeps raising is it invites the reader to try to figure out what are we really?And it's asking what's the position of the novel, the story, not even just the novel as a forum, but the story.","What I've learned doing this kind of work is that fiction is the most conservative of the arts. If you think historically what has happened in music or among the poets - Whitman in the 19th century just destroying romantic poetry and building a whole kind of new thing. The ideas carried along by the artists who keep changing, keep looking for more, or for something truer, something greater. But generally speaking, the insistence on storytelling of a realistic nature has predominated and continued in the old ways. So, what I'm guided by - perhaps it's futile - is Ezra Pound's injunction. When he was talking to the poets, he said make it new, make it new. And that's what must have been provoking me when this book came along.","Well, E. L.  Doctorow. His new novel, \"Andrew's Brain. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : , the phrase \"make it new\" is not suggesting that the reader should literally create something new, but rather that they should explore new ideas and concepts.","questions":"How is the phrase \"make it new\" interpreted in the context of fiction by A?","answer":"Concepts"}
{"text":["So Virginia was demographically the ideal Barack Obama success story. It was not a one color success story. It was a multicolored \u2014 he even did better than he's done anywhere else among Latinos. So Virginia is really, if you will, the marquee state for the Barack Obama coalition that he wants to put together.","What about independent voters?Independents or particularly first time voters seemed to have come out.","Yes. In fact, first time voters are largely a creation in this particular cycle of the Barack Obama campaign. That's why they came out. It isn't just because they are suddenly interested in the political process; it's Obama. And in Virginia in particular Obama did so well among independents that he was the reason largely that Mike Huckabee threatened John McCain at all in Virginia. Otherwise McCain would have counted on five to 10 percentage points more from independents who were being attracted over to the other side by Barack Obama.","Before we let you go, there are so many ways to crunch the delegates on the Democratic side. But specifically in terms of delegates that the two candidates have won, in the primaries and caucuses, how are they standing now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"largely a creation\" is a figurative language that means the Obama campaign had a significant impact on encouraging first-time voters to participate in the election.","questions":"Which group of voters were largely influenced by the Obama campaign to participate in the election?","answer":"First-time"}
{"text":["Yeah, I think what Ron said about the end of the day he wants to see all the candidates treated equally. His wish will not be fulfilled is my prediction. As far as I can see, this election is election where Obama is getting all of the scrutiny. Now, when you said media bias, I don't want you to think that this means he's getting all the scrutiny and that scrutiny is positive. He's getting positive scrutiny, he's getting negative scrutiny, and he's getting scrutiny about trivial things that are not normally newsworthy. But my prediction is that the end of the day this is going to be an election where it's going to be about Barack Obama, is he qualified for the job?If he turns out to be, he'll get elected, and if he turns not to be, then McCain will be elected.","All right. Andrew, thank so much.","Great to talk to you, Farai.","Media analyst Andrew Tyndall. He's the publisher of tyndallreport. com, which has been analyzing the network's nightly news coverage for 20 years. And we want to know what you think about the media's coverage of the presidential candidates. Go to our blog at nprnewsandviews. org."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"All right.Andrew, thank so much.\" - The actual meaning is different from the literal meaning. The intended meaning is a truncated expression of thanks, rather than a complete sentence.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to Andrew at the end of the conversation?","answer":"Thanking."}
{"text":["It probably depends on what chapter you're reading at the time. It's probably all of those things!I don't know who decides what goes into what box or what bin or what shelf, you know. For me, it's just about finding a character, finding a story, following, I guess, my heart at what I'm working on at the moment. And it just kind of falls, you know, wherever it may out there after that, you know.","There's been a lot of attention to the whole idea of street lit. And Zane, who's an erotica writer, extremely popular, sells a ton of books. A lot of people are like, well, she just can't write, but there's a lot of sex in it. And there's also a question that some people have raised about whether or not it is good for the race to have books that are explicit about black sexuality out there. So. . .","What race?The human race?","The black race. The black race. And so I bring this up because so often when people, you know, just as you mentioned, the distinctions between the way some people will look at female sexuality and male sexuality and what it's like to have a track record and whether that makes you a bad person. You know, people also look at these distinctions by race and say, oh well, black people are oversexed. That's some people stereotyping. Are you ever afraid that by doing work like this that you're, you know, I don't know, playing into a stereotype?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Some people criticize Zane's work for being explicit about black sexuality.","questions":"Which writer is mentioned as being popular for their erotica books in the dialogue?","answer":"Zane"}
{"text":["It was fabulous. One of our friends at News & Notes, one of our folks from the Reporter's Roundtable, John Yearwood of the Miami Herald, arranged for us to get a private interview with the president of Senegal. And that was wonderful, and we're going to run that next week. He's involved in essentially trying to do some negotiations with the president of Sudan over Darfur and also talks about a lot of the ecological issues that's affecting west Africa. But the best part about it was that the initial part was - were students, and you have these student journalists in this room full of diplomats and you know, a lot of security, big presidential suite, and it was - there was a certain heaviness to the air and certain gravitas. The president speaks English, but sometimes he speaks French and has a translator. And just to see the lights on these students' faces, the student from NABJ and the other ethnic journalism association, that was extraordinary.","It sounds like it was quite something. And we will look forward to hearing that interview. One really quick question before I let you go, and that's when you have a room full of journalist, does anybody get a chance to talk or does everybody talk at the same time.","Everybody dances.","Farai, thanks for checking in. We'll see you back here next week. Oh, one more thing, Farai?Oh, she's gone. I wanted to wish her a happy birthday. We'll have to do that when she comes back. All right, that was News & Notes host Farai Chideya checking in with us from Chicago, Illinois."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Journalists tend to talk over each other in a room full of journalists","questions":"What tendency do journalists have when in a room full of other journalists?","answer":"Talk"}
{"text":["Work on voter registration, voter mobilization, education, coalition building, work together to help end the war in Iraq and Afghanistan. Reinvest in America. Convince young America that they really do have the power to change the course of the country. We must have a renewed and multiracial and multicultural coalition. These are the things that I've revolved my work around, and I intend to be pushing them real hard this summer and fall.","And do you think you'd go out on the stump with him if he wanted you to, or does he want you to?","Whatever proximity he wants. You know, he must make that decision, you know, as to who, you know, that campaign, you know, you have consultants, you have advisors, you have surrogates, you have supporters. I'm a strong supporter and have been so since before he announced, and I will continue supporting because I believe he represents the right side of history for all of America and really for the world.","Well, Reverend Jackson, thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is advocating for political activism and social justice","questions":"What is the main focus of PersonA's work?","answer":"Activism"}
{"text":["Those are the main parts. So they're saying that when the mandate penalty goes away next January, the protections for preexisting conditions should go away as well. That's not exactly what the attorneys general were arguing, but that's what the Justice Department position is.","How might this change how individual people are covered and treated in this country?","Well, immediately, of course, it wouldn't. The Justice Department isn't asking for anything immediately. Obviously, this is a lawsuit, and it could take months or even years to work its way through the courts. But it does certainly raise the prospect of a court decision that would say there could be no more protections for people with preexisting conditions. That's one of the most popular parts of the health law.","We've been getting reports from all over the country about how health care premiums are going up. Why is that happening?Do you expect it to keep happening?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Justice Department position is that preexisting conditions should not be protected","questions":"Which protections are at risk according to the Justice Department position?","answer":"preexisting"}
{"text":["And let's just say, it was a fishing expedition. It was financed by Trump's opponents in both parties. Some fishing expeditions do come back with fish. And if this one actually did and some of that finds its way into the hands of special independent prosecutor Bob Mueller's investigators, then the dossier might, in some sense, inform their questions about Russian interference because all of this was about Trump's ties to people in Russia.","Right. And those questions about Russian interference will also be front and center in the upcoming hearings that we mentioned for the tech giants - Facebook, Twitter and Google executives who are going to be before Congress over two days this coming week. What will they be grilled about?","You know, in recent days, we have learned a good deal more about how extensive the Russian involvement in social media was, particularly the number of ads running on Facebook and how they were targeted. And some of this was using some of the people in Facebook who work with advertisers - big advertisers - and who help you target exactly the people you're trying to reach.","So this might have been - it appears to have been one of the main ways in which these Russian elements were trying to put a big thumb on the scale in the 2016 election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Put a thumb on the scale: to take deliberate and unfair steps to influence the outcome of a situation.","questions":"Which phrase is used to describe the deliberate and unfair steps taken to influence the outcome of a situation?","answer":"Scale"}
{"text":["What did it sound like?","(Imitating plane noise) A lot of, you know, you got hundreds of planes, one right after the other. It was very moving and exciting. You know, you wonder what's going to happen. And 'course, then we fly over the channel. You can look out the window and see the silhouettes of the ships. We know it's going to happen now.","That is Les Cruise. He's 95 years old, and he's one of the last surviving veterans of that D-Day mission. These days, he lives outside of Philadelphia. I went to visit him earlier this week.","I'm Noel. It's nice to meet you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Exciting experience of flying over the channel during the D-Day mission","questions":"What was visible through the window during the D-Day mission?","answer":"ships"}
{"text":["I just said I don't think. At the moment, I can't think of one. How do you follow \"Death of a Salesman\"?I actually can't, I mean, I suppose I could add \"Long Day's Journey into Night. \"But I never get a feel to do it again. And anyway, \"Long Day's Journey into Night,\" we've seen it most - pretty recently. I actually can't think of anything, but I don't need to. I'm perfectly happy at home.","Well, that's a luxury.","Yeah.","Do you go back and see your plays often after they're up and running?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Well, that's a luxury\" is an idiomatic expression that means \"That's a privilege\" or \"That's a rare and fortunate thing to have.\"","questions":"What does \"Well, that's a luxury\" mean?","answer":"Privilege"}
{"text":["What do you think she'd think of what you've done?","I think she would be amazed. (Laughter) I have had nothing to do with the fashion world, and I don't think I'm known particularly for being fashionable. But in fact, Inga was my mother's name. But it's only afterwards that I realized looking it up that it actually means a hero's daughter. And that's very much how we feel - that this concept is in honor of the heroes in our life. And I hope it brings a great deal of comfort and dignity to others and just break this vicious cycle that patients often find themselves in.","Nikla Lancksweert is the co-founder of the clothing company INGA Wellbeing. Thank you so much for being with us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"I think she would be amazed.\" - The literal meaning suggests that the person being referred to would be surprised or astonished. However, the actual meaning here implies that the speaker believes the person mentioned would be proud or impressed by what they have accomplished.","questions":"How would you describe the meaning of PersonA's statement? (The answer is \"proud\" or \"impressed\")","answer":"Proud"}
{"text":["You know, you're helping a lot of people, Mr.  Mayor.","Well, I hope I am. I don't see it, and that's what scares me most of all. We care about everybody. We have to reach out for all of them and try to be successful for them to help them be that support deal for them. It's not a positive day every day, but you have to make it into one.","The mayor of Fulton, Texas, Jimmy Kendrick - thanks so much for being with us, Mr.  Mayor. Good luck to you.","Well, I appreciate it. And just keep us in your prayers. It's always nice to have a prayer given for us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"I don't see it, and that's what scares me most of all\" - This implies that the mayor is feeling uncertain about the outcome of his actions, which is different from the literal meaning of the sentence. ","questions":"Which word reveals the Mayor's emotional state about his actions in turn 1?","answer":"Scares"}
{"text":["So, yeah, just for the people who don't know, New Faces is a place where, like, up-and-coming comedians can perform in front of agents and people who can, like, change their life essentially, right?So his set was 50% I'm bad at sex, I'm, like, kind of pudgy and I feel weird about it - right - and, like, very, very well-mined place for comedy. And the other 50% of his comedy was about how he's from Mechanicsburg, Pa. , and he just moved to New York. And he's sort of, like, straddling the line between his, like, racist stuff - his uncle's posts on Facebook - and, like, the aggressively woke friends he's making now in New York and just sort of trying to traverse the two worlds.","And his set got - you know, I put him on the list because his set got a lot of laughs. He has great, like, timing. And, like, the aggressive energy that's in his podcast was sort of, like, shaved off just enough, you know?","Did you hear him make any actual racist comments during his set?","Every sort of, like, racist comments were sort of, like, couched in, like, oh, my uncle just hates Kaepernick - like, that sort of thing - like, in the voice of."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : He used racist language but tried to hide it behind humor.","questions":"How did the comedian try to conceal his racist language?","answer":"Couching"}
{"text":["And what did the colleges say - the ones that were offering you these football scholarships?Did you talk to them about the possibility of head injuries?And what was their response?","Well, some of the coaches kind of - they kind of shrugged it off. They said, we've only had a couple concussions with our guys over the past years, and we have new helmets and pads that prevent these injuries, and - just trying to kind of downplay it a little bit, you know?","So you've now decided to play basketball, I read. Did you know that basketball was going to give you the same opportunities?","No, I didn't, actually. You know, I thought - you know, it was a possibility. We were kind of going into it blind, hoping we could - you know, my family and I, when I say we - we could get some money."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Task Don't just paraphase the words! Find the implicated meaning! We don't want answers like: to be silent means stay quiet and not making noise, bad answer!  Please read the examples above carefully!      (1)\tA:\tThat's right.She's protesting and enlisting the support of past Republican nominees and other leaders on her behalf.But the threshold was finishing top three in Iowa or pulling in the top six in New Hampshire or top six nationally.And she fell short in all those metrics. (2)\tB:\tWhat do you foresee tonight? (3)\tA:\tIn a sense, there are still two tiers.You've got Donald Trump and Ted Cruz at the top.And then the three remaining governors, Jeb Bush, Chris Christie and John Kasich, all chasing the fastest-rising star of the field, Marco Rubio.Now, Ben Carson will be there - maybe something of an afterthought, although it will be interesting to see if he calls out Ted Cruz for Cruz's campaign telling people that Carson was dropping out on Monday just before the caucuses began.There's been a bit of a controversy over that.And Trump has said that it taints Cruz's victory there. (4)\tB:\tThe downside to getting more attention, like Marco Rubio, is more criticism.And he seems to get more direct criticism from his opponents as he rises in the polls.  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1)  (2)  (3)  (4)","questions":"What was the threshold for finishing top three in Iowa, pulling in the top six in New Hampshire or top six nationally, and did the candidate in question meet those metrics?","answer":"Top"}
{"text":["Well, you could say both. You know, in 2010, the parent company declared bankruptcy. There's significant debt surrounding and hanging over National Enquirer's parent company. But you can't separate this from the scandals. The Washington Post, in its reporting, claims that the hedge fund manager who's sort of controlling owner now of American Media says that he's disgusted by what he's learned. This is not really anything new for the Enquirer, but don't forget the legal trouble the Enquirer has been in. You know, it got dragged into the investigation of Michael Cohen and others. It had to, essentially, negotiate with prosecutors in order to avoid prosecution. And indeed, the Bezos scandal may raise the legal stakes once more.","I mean, we've probably all joked at the grocery store checkout stand, like, looking at the headlines - who would ever buy the National Enquirer?Well, now it's like a more serious question. Who would buy the National Enquirer?","Well, you know, in a straight world, you might say TMZ, the digital gossip site. It's hard to know. It's a damaged brand. It is a notable brand. Somebody may buy it as a plaything, or there's been speculation Jeff Bezos would want to strangle it, buy it and put it out. . .","Wow. That would be. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The National Enquirer may be bought for non-serious purposes or by someone who wants to shut it down.","questions":"What kind of purposes may someone buy the National Enquirer for?","answer":"Non-serious"}
{"text":["All right. Just quick hit. If you had one thing that you wanted the administration to accomplish with technology in its first term - if there's more than one, but you know - what's your one fantasy, quickly?","Oh, my gosh. Oh, gosh, Farai one?You're putting me on the spot?I would have to probably say stem education - Science, Technology, Engineering and Math education. If they could funnel more money into our teachers and into our kids becoming the future engineers and scientists, then the innovation will take care of itself.","All right, Mario. Great. Thank you.","Thank you, Farai."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The question caught A off guard, but they believe that improving STEM education is crucial for technological advancement in the future.","questions":"Which field does PersonA think is important for the future advancement of technology?","answer":"Science"}
{"text":["(as Antoine Batiste) Because when it comes to stolen love, Antoine Batiste has always been forced to be the villain. Come on, hit me, my brothers.","That series, of course, set in post-Katrina New Orleans, Pierce's hometown, where he could not help but notice that neighborhoods that gave birth to some of America's best-known cuisine had become virtual food deserts. So now, he's helped establish Sterling Farms, a grocery store with a mission to sell fresh food at affordable prices. And Wendell Pierce joins us now from member station WWNO in New Orleans. And nice to have you back on TALK OF THE NATION.","Always good to be back. Thank you.","And a lot of celebrities will front the money to start a project, but you're immersing yourself in this. So what do you know about running grocery stores?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In this turn, the speaker is not asking for a literal explanation of Wendell Pierce's knowledge about running grocery stores. Rather, the speaker is implying that it's impressive that Pierce is not just investing money in the project but is also personally involved in running the grocery store, and is asking about his experience and qualifications for doing so.","questions":"How is the speaker questioning Wendell Pierce's involvement in the grocery store project?","answer":"Involvement"}
{"text":["This is really speculative. We are not reporting on something we have been told by the White House.","Exactly.","What we're doing is we're trying to imagine a deal that the Senate Republicans could accept, that the Senate Democrats could accept, and that might have a prayer under certain circumstances of passing in the House - either because House Republicans decided they were so embarrassed by what happened a week ago with the failure of Plan B, or because they're feeling the pressure, they're feeling the heat. Or because they're looking at the polls. Or because they've just decided to give in. Or, John Boehner decided he would go with a mix of Republican and Democratic support. Let the whole House vote, not just the Republican majority as he's been doing.","And under those circumstances, this package might pass. OK. Here we go. 500,000, that's the cutoff. That would be the point at which income would be taxed at a higher rate. The 1990s rates, the rates from the Clinton era, would apply to income after a $500,000. Now, that's half of what John Boehner was saying last week."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : feeling the heat implies to experience difficulty ","questions":"What is the threshold for higher tax rates under the proposed package?","answer":"500,000."}
{"text":["Thanks, Michel.","Now, you've been reporting along the border all day. What have you seen?","Well, I was at the actual border this morning. It's a river that divides Mexico and Guatemala. And there was no presence of authorities there. So there are these inflatable rafts that carry people and goods across the river, and they were traveling without a problem across the river. So I saw several groups of migrants cross this morning. But things change as you move north on highways here.","So I'm currently at a highway checkpoint. There's about a dozen Mexican migration officers, as well as Mexican Army and Mexican police. And they're stopping every van and bus that comes by here and checking it for undocumented migrants.","So tell us a little bit more, if you would, about what happens to travelers who arrive at those checkpoints."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : As a journalist, you've been observing the border.","questions":"How has PersonA been spending their day?","answer":"Observing"}
{"text":["Yeah. I do have to ask this. At the same time, don't the Clintons play rough too?There are a number of women who really do feel that they were treated badly by Bill Clinton in a personal and sometimes intimate way. And they felt that the Clintons tried to smear them.","Obviously it is disgraceful to take advantage of an intern or an employee. And he did that. And it was wildly foolish and disgusting. But I wonder, you know - there's a problem that Clinton has and it's this - these things are going to come up. They may even come up in the debates in the fall. What is she going to respond to it?It would be nice if she responded, hell yeah, that's why he spent six months on the couch.","But I don't know that that's something that she has in her. And it's certainly an incredibly sensitive area for Hillary Clinton. And it may be what constricts her in a lot of other ways as a candidate as well.","Joe Klein, he writes a column for Time and, of course, the author of \"Primary Colors. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"It would be nice if she responded, hell yeah, that's why he spent six months on the couch.\" - The literal meaning would suggest that it would be favorable for Hillary Clinton to respond positively and assertively to the accusations against Bill Clinton. However, the implied meaning is that it is unlikely for Hillary Clinton to respond in such a manner due to the sensitive nature of the situation.","questions":"How would the response \"hell yeah\" to the accusations against Bill Clinton be viewed?","answer":"Unlikely"}
{"text":["I think that we need to have a conversation and debate on what it means to be a Republican. Traditionally, the Republican Party stood for some level of financial conservatism. That seems to have been thrown out the window of late, as you see, got instance, with this latest debt deal, the president adding $2 trillion of additional debt to the national debt and a third of a trillion dollars in new spending over the next two years without even a debate.","I think we need to have a conversation about where we're going on trade. I think we need to have a conversation with regard to institutions and political norms which the president has thrown out. But that has historically been the glue that has held together that balance of power that makes our system work, and I think we need to have a conversation on town.","I think that some might argue that the way that those intra-party debates take place is exactly in the kinds of positions that you have had in down-ballot races. I mean, you lost the Republican primary to a candidate endorsed by President Trump, so I think some might argue, asked and answered.","Well, there's a difference between a battle and a war, and I would say that as Republicans, in some cases, we're winning battles but losing wars. So what happened in that race after I lost the primary was that for the first time in about 50 years, the seat went Democrat."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Nothing was thrown at a window, but financial conservatism has been disregarded by the republican party.","questions":"What aspect of the Republican Party has been disregarded recently?","answer":"disregarded"}
{"text":["Well, you're talking about scholarships, and that's interesting. We've seen now at least one major university and many more smaller colleges offering esports scholarships, which is this new development where schools are now getting in on this. And they're recruiting top gamers and - or esports athletes, as they're known. What's in it for a university?Why are they getting in on this, too?","What's funny is it's a really big recruitment tool for them. Typical esports gamers, they over-index with engineers and with math majors. And so they're trying to, you know, bring in sort of the best of the best in those disciplines into the school, and this is a way to do it.","Wow.","At least that's what the gamers tell their mothers."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn 4, the speaker is implying that the claims made by gamers to their mothers may not be true.","questions":"How does the speaker in turn 4 suggest the truthfulness of the gamers' claims?","answer":"Implying"}
{"text":["We can say she grew up. She had a daughter of her own who became curious about family secrets kept from both her and her mother for decades. That daughter is Laura Cumming, and she's the author of \"Five Days Gone. \"She joins me now from London.","Laura Cumming, welcome.","Thank you.","Start with the kidnapping, which is absolutely central to the book you've written. It was not central to your mother's life. She was only 3. She had no memory of it. And she didn't even learn of it until she was well into middle age. Is that right?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"which is absolutely central to the book\" implies, that without that part of the story, there really wouldn't be much of a story","questions":"How would you describe the importance of the kidnapping in the book?","answer":"b"}
{"text":["Duane, why don't you describe to us some of the work that you did with actual cases when you were at the California Department of Justice?I mean, what was your job, literally and physically?","Literally, I went to the scene of the crime. I was often the one who collected all the evidence. I also did photography of the crime scene. I did not do fingerprints. There was usually a technician who did that. Back at the laboratory, I would take all that evidence that I collected and inventoried, and I would begin a systematic investigation of that.","As an example, one case in the middle of my career was a triple homicide, and it was a great case from the physical-evidence standpoint. There was bullets. There was blood. There was saliva on cigarette butts. There was hair. There was soil. And I got to basically do it all. And what was really interesting is I presented all these evidence to the jury, laid out a scenario for the crime.","And during the time I was testifying, the defendant called his girlfriend and confessed the crime to her, and then threatened her with death if she ever talked. Well, five minutes later, she called the DA and told the DA about the confession. And she came in to testify at that point, and what she testified to was basically what I had testified to from the physical-evidence standpoint."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : None of the turns in this statement have a figurative or non-literal meaning. The speaker is describing a specific case they worked on and their role in collecting and analyzing physical evidence related to the crime.","questions":"Which standpoint did the speaker present to the jury in the example case?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["And it changed your behavior with your friends and family, right?","Oh, absolutely. I became alienated from most of my friends and everything because I wasn't there for them or with them. They had out to social events and things, my social event was to get to the casino as quickly as I could in order to gain money.","And what did it do to your marriage?","Well, I got a divorce. I ended up in divorce. I ended up with my wife getting everything plus the kids. And basically, I was out in the streets trying to survive."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A's gambling addiction caused him to isolate himself from friends and family","questions":"What did PersonA's gambling addiction cause him to do with his friends and family?","answer":"Isolate"}
{"text":["You've got lots of reasons to be concerned about this economy, not the least of which is the fact that the Federal Reserve Chair Ben Bernanke has done yet another interest rate cut. And the question is, how many more cuts can he do?He has so many arrows in his quiver.","So, we're looking at a very fragile economy. And certainly, the employment piece is the most important piece for most Americans because most people don't have trust funds or extra money. Many who do have home equity have it tapped out. The way that 90 percent of us support ourselves is that we work every day, and increasing numbers of people don't have employment opportunities.","When you look at what's happening right now, there were - there have been times when there are certain, you know, white collar jobs that have really gotten hit hard, I'm thinking of the computer industry, the technology industry in the '90s when there was that dot bomb era. But is this really, for now, more of a blue collar job loss or is it mixed?","It's really a mixed bag. You see many corporations who are downsizing, they call it rightsizing, who are cutting even if it's by as little as 5 percent, Farai, it adds up. We see state governments also looking at a drop in revenue coming in because of a drop in tax revenue, and they are thinking of cutting in \u2014 may have already done some cutting."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"downsizing\" and \"rightsizing\" are both euphemisms for cutting jobs or reducing the size of a company, rather than referring to physically reducing the size of something.","questions":"How are \"downsizing\" and \"rightsizing\" defined?","answer":"Cutting"}
{"text":["Peter Beinart has written an article for The Atlantic in which he says that the hard attitudes of secular people might be harsher than those of religious groups. He joined us from New York City yesterday afternoon. Mr.  Beinart, thanks so much for being with us. Thank you. We often tie secularism to young people and to tolerance. Is that misguided?","It can be misguided. To be clear, I'm not talking about secularism per se in the sense that a lot of people I'm talking about do believe in God. But there's that percentage who regularly attend church or another religious institution has declined a lot. And what you see is that conservatives who don't regularly attend church may be more supportive of gay marriage and drug legalization than those who do regularly attend church.","But there's some evidence that they're actually more anti-immigrant and perhaps more racially resentful. And we know that it's - Donald Trump did best among conservatives who don't regularly attend church. In fact, I think that shift is part of the reason that he won the Republican nomination.","Well, there are people both liberals and conservatives who for years have resisted being put - well, here I just called them liberals or conservatives - resisted pigeonholes, saying, look, you know, just because I believe in abortion rights doesn't mean I believe something about an economic issue or vice versa."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The implied meaning of this question is that people often associate certain ideologies with specific beliefs. However, this turn suggests that people should not be pigeonholed into a certain belief system based on one issue.","questions":"What is the turn suggesting people should not be based on one issue?","answer":"Pigeonholing"}
{"text":["Well, nearby, we had flooding was the most significant problem we had here. And one our neighbor's patios turned basically into a swimming pool and the water was pouring into her home. And we took the wet-vac up and towels and other neighbors brought mops and we all pitched in to get her at least toward the stages of recovery. Of course, that will continue. And the emergency officials in Oklahoma City reported they had as much as eight, 10, even 12 inches of rain in just, you know, four hours or so last night.","What are the recovery efforts like today, Kurt?","Canadian County, just to the west of Oklahoma City, looks like it was the hardest hit by the actual tornado. Now, the flooding seems to have been worse in the metro Oklahoma City area. The response will depend on what we see. Now, of course, we also still have all those people in, you know, the Shawnee area and Moore, Oklahoma, of course, and in Carney that were hit by storms May 19th and 20th. That recovery is going to be even more of a mess now too because of what happened last night.","Well, the sad fact is Oklahomans know how to do this, don't they?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The patio had a great deal of water on it that it could have been swum in.","questions":"How did the neighbor's patio look?","answer":"Swimming"}
{"text":["Yeah. They're like, oh, my God. Make that face again. That's so funny. But it's not like that. And the reason I talked about it and shared when I did was because there started to be all these compilations of my tics that were made by the fans, which they just thought it was, like, goofy Billie is making a bunch of faces. And they're funny. Let's make a video about it, which is, of course, out of love. And they think that's funny. And they didn't - they don't know, you know?","O'CONNELL: Especially if they think you're doing them on purpose, then it's totally out of love.","They think I'm doing it on purpose. But I felt almost, like, attacked in a way, which was kind of stupid. But it's something like I've lived with my whole life and, like, not been open about because I didn't want it to label me, you know?","Sure, you don't want the whole - that to be the second sentence of every every paragraph about you."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Sure, you don't want the whole - that to be the second sentence of every every paragraph about you.\" - The implied meaning here is that Billie does not want her tics to define her in the media or public perception.","questions":"How does Billie feel about her tics being mentioned in every paragraph about her?","answer":"Unwanted"}
{"text":["This is Day to Day from NPR News. I'm Alex Cohen. One of the world's most celebrated playwrights, Harold Pinter, has died. Pinter was a mainstay on the London theater scene since the 1950s. His works include \"The Birthday Party,\" \"The Homecoming,\" \"The Celebration,\" just to name a few. Harold Pinter won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2005. Here he is accepting that award.","There are no hard distinctions between what is real and what is unreal, nor between what is true and what is false. I think it's not necessarily either true or false. It can be both true and false.","The obscurity of those words is Pinter in a nutshell. His plays were light on plot, often taking place in a single room. Pinter offered no easy explanations for why characters acted the way they did. His dialogue was known mostly for. . .  pregnant pauses. In fact, the word people have come to use to describe that sort of tension in silence is Pinteresque. Here's Pinter in an interview with Charlie Rose, joking about the way some people reacted to his work.","When I went to see a production of my play, \"No Man's Land. \"I went into the bar in the interval. And a man and a woman - I couldn't escape, you know. They stand - stood in dead silence for a while. And then the man said, Oh, well, not as boring as the usual Pinteresque."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Not as boring as the usual implies that typically the plays are boring.","questions":"How was Pinteresque dialogue known?","answer":"Pauses"}
{"text":["Prime Minister Boris Johnson asked the queen to suspend Parliament - a very British coup, as many of his critics say, or a way to force Parliament to work out Brexit three years-plus after voters voted for him.","Or perhaps a device to get Parliament out of the way and allow Boris and the Brexiteers to finally leave the EU even without a deal. And the EU has said it is done negotiating. So this fall, Britain may leave the European Union and do it in the most disruptive and unpredictable way imaginable. So for the residents of Britain, this is rather like watching a hurricane bear down on them, feeling helpless to stop it and unable to escape.","The romance between the president and Fox News seemed to have everything going for it. What happened?","(Laughter) It does seem to have cooled. Weeks ago, the president started complaining about the opinion polls he saw on Fox News. They were showing his approval rating as low as most of the other media and academic polls. So he called that fake news."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's like watching something awful approach people and not be able to stop it.","questions":"How would you describe the feeling of residents of Britain towards Brexit?","answer":"Helpless"}
{"text":["Sounds like if you could meet with the president again, you would tell him the same thing you told him last time.","That's exactly right. Matter of fact, obviously that was the announcement there, but he was heading to Japan. And in the Oval Office, I said, Mr.  President, we need a trade agreement with Japan. We're losing market share there right now because others are entering that market at a lower tariff rate than what we are. Canada is taking our market share that we worked hard to earn. And the longer this goes on, the more harm it is. It's going to be the more difficult force to be able to regain. And so, Mr.  President, when you're talking to Abe, please let's get back into have a free trade agreement with Japan.","Is it frustrating though that you would have to tell them the same thing again when you thought less than two weeks ago you had a fix?","Well, compared to me not planting my corn, it's not that frustrating. So - but, you know, I think you've got to be understanding that on the rural playing field that yes, there are other issues. We can be patient. We know that - I would have a tendency to agree that there is unfair trade practices in other areas, and those need to be addressed. To a certain effect, we're getting sideswiped because it's not our product. It is what it is, but I think we need those that - we are true believers in free and fair trade. And so we want that in all sectors of society."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker wants the President to negotiate a new trade agreement with Japan","questions":"How did the speaker propose to regain market share in Japan?","answer":"Free"}
{"text":["What are some of the reasons you think more people's families, I guess I should - I almost said why more people are choosing to be cremated. And that might technically be true - but usually after their death.","So cremation is simply cheaper than burial. Of course, when you consider a funeral or a memorial service or celebration-of-life expenses, those are extra. And consumers also report that they see extra value with cremation and that they have more flexibility. To put it bluntly, death, even when it's anticipated, is inconvenient.","We don't want to lose our loved ones. We don't want to drop everything and gather and grieve and do what we need to do. But we must. And we can do that. But as families are spread across the country in various states, it's more and more difficult to bring people together on short notice. Cremation can expand the timeframe of grieving and memorializing your loved one.","Because there's more cremations, more problem to run into with scattering remains?I mean, I know, for example, they're very particular about it in the San Francisco Bay area. And I know from experience you can't get your ashes scattered there in Wrigley Field in Chicago.","That is true. And you might've caught the news where cremated remains were scattered at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City at the intermission, which canceled the rest of the production.","I missed that. Oh, my word. Most of us maybe, you know, get some malted milk balls at intermission, not scattered remains. But go ahead, yeah."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : This is an example of hyperbole, as B is exaggeratedly expressing surprise at the idea of scattering remains at the Metropolitan Opera House.","questions":"What literary device is being used in PersonB's reaction to the news of scattering remains at the Metropolitan Opera House?","answer":"Hyperbole"}
{"text":["As a matter of fact, some of the Newark city council came to New York and also spoke with African-American politicians up in Albany about this guy's record. And that (unintelligible) pretty thoroughly.","Now, let me - we don't have too much time left, so I just want to ask you this. Is this a situation - you've obviously chosen to profile Mayor Booker - is this a situation where he has a political future outside of Newark?Do you se him moving in a direction where he will eventually run for some other office?","I think he absolutely means to. And I think he is one - all politicians brim with ambition, and he is no exception. I think he has chosen for himself a nearly impossible task. And if he manages to pull that off, it's a pretty solid credential.","All right. Peter Boyer, thanks so much.","Certainly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  to ask if Booker has a political future outside of Newark implies that he may have ambitions beyond his current role as mayor of the city.","questions":"How does PersonB's question relate to Booker's future plans?","answer":"Ambitions"}
{"text":["Because presidents that are about to be removed from office see the writing on the wall. Richard Nixon had a very good sense of his waning support in the Senate. And when he saw it collapse, he realized that if he hung on, he would be removed, and he would lose his presidential pension.","Interesting. So one of the complaints that President Trump is making and that his supporters are making is that this is a purely partisan process. Has that complaint been made before?Is that what people normally say?Or is there something about this particular circumstance that's different?","The reason that impeachment was kept on the shelf for over a hundred years after the Johnson impeachment process was that it was viewed by all sides in the American political community as highly partisan. But it doesn't always have to be the case. And in the Nixon era - a period when I think we saw a model impeachment process - the democratic leadership bent over backwards to make the process as bipartisan as possible.","We keep hearing all kinds of comments from - particularly from former Republican members about what members of their caucus say privately. But there's no way to know how to evaluate that. We do know that publicly, the Republicans are insisting that this is partisan. The Democrats are insisting that no, it isn't. It's a constitutional matter. Do you see from where you sit a way to bridge this difference of perspective?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the democrats did everything they could to make it look bipartisan.","questions":"Which party tried to make the impeachment process appear less partisan?","answer":"Democrats"}
{"text":["Well, I think his biggest mistake was that he was a very strict controller of how the theory was handled by his disciples. In other words, he permitted no deviation or modification of his theory or methods, and he didn't encourage any research to empirically validate his theory. So basically, people that followed him and embraced his theory had to take it on faith.","A somewhat lesser-known figure I found fascinating to read about, Dr.  Benjamin Rush, the only doctor to sign the Declaration of Independence. I guess he's known as the father of American psychiatry. But I've got to tell you after reading about him, I wonder why a pretty good medical school is named after him.","Again, we have to understand that to view things through the lens of the 21st century, it puts things in a really - a different light. Benjamin Rush was a physician, and what he did was to really take seriously the plight of people who were mentally ill. He wasn't a psychiatrist. He was a physician. The problem is is that the knowledge was so limited at the time, they really weren't able to gain any traction in understanding the underlying basis of severe mental illnesses. And so they came up with these ideas and these treatments that now seem to be either cockamamie or cruel.","Yeah. Psychiatry over the years has been back and forth on if mental disorder - for example, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia - is inherited."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"gain any traction\" - This means to make progress or gain momentum. It is a figurative expression that refers to the difficulty of making progress in understanding severe mental illnesses due to limited knowledge at the time.","questions":"How can \"gain any traction\" be defined?","answer":"progress"}
{"text":["It was absolute - you're absolutely correct. Our time is out, but I'm going to ask you about this before I let you go. Talking about perfect performances, two people strolled in to New York's Madison Square Garden and lit up the Knicks back to back, Kobe Bryant 61 on one night and LeBron James, I think, it was 52 the next night and a triple double.","All I can say is thank god for the Knicks.","And, you know what?And the Knicks are even actually better than they were before and then they still let people come in there and just spank them like crazy.","That's what we do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : That's what we do implying they're proud members of Knicks","questions":"What team are PersonA and PersonB proud members of?","answer":"Knicks"}
{"text":["A slow cooker does seem to be good for jam - doesn't it?- because it takes. . .","It is great.",". . . A lot of the drudgery out, yeah.","Yeah, it takes a lot of that stirring - and, you know, the worst thing you can do with a jam is spend an arduous amount of time cleaning fruit, getting it together and getting it into a pot and then torching and scorching the bottom of it because of an open flame and a little bit too high heat. The slow cooker really just mellows that out."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The slow cooker is a much easier and less time-consuming way to make jam.","questions":"Which appliance is mentioned as a better option for making jam?","answer":"Cooking"}
{"text":["Is there a danger of South Koreans becoming too complacent?","I think that they do talk about that. But there's also reality, which is when you have this incredibly materialistic society, it's literally a, you know, (speaking Korean) style (speaking Korean) land, then, you know, the reality of this war with this nation under Kim Jong Un kind of doesn't strike anyone as a realistic thing. And, yes, there is a danger to it. But at the same time, life does go on. And life is a very, very, very fast and active one in South Korea.","So we've been talking about war. What about peace?Do the South Koreans even think about the possibility of detente anymore, the possibility of the border reopening?","I mean, I think the issue of one Korea reunification is one of those politically manipulated one. You know, the left parties used it. The right has used it, certainly, in South Korea. So it's almost like this sort of symbol whenever they need to use sort of national security in order to unite people or get their agenda across. So it's almost become a tired one, where everyone - if you were to talk to them and you interview South Koreans, they'll all say, reunification is necessary. Do they want it?They would pause. Do they want to pay for 25 million North Koreans?Do they want refugees?They don't really want that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The reality of the war with North Korea does not seem like a realistic threat to South Koreans due to their fast-paced and materialistic lifestyle.","questions":"Which nation is the war not seen as a realistic threat by South Koreans due to their lifestyle?","answer":"North-Korea"}
{"text":["They have. About 40-plus have gone, probably as we talk, a number of them have left.","He's not considered a good candidate to lead the party to victory in a general election, I gather.","No, no, he's not. The leadership's come to him very late in life. He's a poor communicator. And that makes it very difficult to win over votes. He excites a section of Britain young people who will turn out in their thousands for his rallies and his meet and. . .","They feel the Bern.","They feel the Bern. The comparisons, again, you can see parallels between what is happening in Britain with what is happening in America. And they're not false. They're not invented.","Kevin Maguire of the Daily Mirror who joined us on Skype, thanks very much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The supporters of Jeremy Corbyn are very committed and enthusiastic about him.","questions":"What do Jeremy Corbyn's young supporters feel?","answer":"support"}
{"text":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The President's remarks suggested that he was not taking Puerto Rico's plight as seriously as he did other disaster areas.","questions":"Which disaster areas did the President take more seriously than Puerto Rico?","answer":"other"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Now, this didn't just break the record. It sounds like it's shattered it.","Yeah, the previous record was 85 degrees, and it hit 90 degrees on July Fourth, which was crazy.","Crazy. Now, when you say the highest previous record was 85 degrees, well, that's not - you know, OK, 85 degrees. But really - really - it's never close to 90 degrees there, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The new record has surpassed the old one by a large margin.","questions":"What was the temperature on July Fourth?","answer":"90"}
{"text":["Spreading hipsterism can have a cost. The kind of neighborhoods that realtors call in transition can have more places to buy organic coffee than diapers or nails. People who have lived there for years often can't afford to stay in neighborhoods after they've been gentrified. The Cereal Killer Cafe - that's C, cereal - which serves $5 bowls of breakfast cereal in a changing neighborhood in London's East End, was attacked by people who denounced the way the neighborhood is growing upscale. Somebody threw a smoke bomb at the cafe. Protesters smeared their windows with paint and scrawled scum. Alan Keery co-owns the Cereal Killer Cafe with his brother Gary. Thanks very much for being with us.","Not a problem.","You all right?","Yeah, yeah, we're not too bad. We're cleaned up sort of after the weekend. After the attacks, luckily, we only had exterior damage from paint. But at the time, there was staff, customers inside that barricaded the doors closed as they were trying to bash the doors down."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : : In (3), B is asking if A is okay, which implies that B is concerned about A's well-being. ","questions":"How was PersonA's experience during the attack on the Cereal Killer Cafe?","answer":"Okay"}
{"text":["No. No.",". . . So many times. Yeah, because they didn't think I was part of the family. Now - I mean, I'm a 30-year-old woman now. . . .","Yeah.",". . . My identity is very clear to me. And I don't have to make it clear to anyone else because I don't think that's important, what anyone else thinks about me or what box they want to put me in. But I will say, for myself, making this record definitely was just a declaration of who I find myself being."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : She is not being put in a box. She means the roles people apply to her and her life.","questions":"Which roles?","answer":"roles"}
{"text":["That is actually perfect. Holiday's sauce.","As opposed to hollandaise. Right, yeah.","And never regions instead of nether regions.","(Laughter). I don't - I mean, you're the only one who can say nether regions on the air. Mark Memmott, NPR's supervising senior editor for Standards & Practices. You can send him your favorite eggcorns, make up new ones at Word Matters at npr. org. Mark, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B's laughter after A's statement \"And never regions instead of nether regions\" is not because the statement is funny in itself, but because A used the wrong word (\"regions\" instead of \"regions\"). This mistake is called an \"eggcorn,\" which is a term used to describe when someone substitutes a similar-sounding word for the correct one. B then mentions that only A can get away with using a term like \"nether regions\" on air.","questions":"Which term is described as a mistake that is similar in sound to the correct word?","answer":"Eggcorn"}
{"text":["Because you have eggplant parmesan just in the book.","(Laughter).","You can do that as an antipasto?","Every time someone turns to that page, they're like, this is an appetizer?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Expressing disbelief that people think eggplant parmesan is an appetizer.","questions":"Which dish?","answer":"Eggplant"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News & Notes. It seems that wherever the Olympics go, politics follow. And the 1960 summer Olympics in Rome brought all sorts of culture clashes to the fore. Journalist David Maraniss has written the book \"Rome 1960: The Olympics That Changed the World. \"David, welcome.","Thanks Farai. Great to be with you.","So this was the first nationally televised Olympics. And several African countries were fighting for independence, but no black African had won a gold medal thus far in the Olympics. That was about to change dramatically. So tell us about who changed that.","Who changed that was Abebe Bikila, a marathoner from Ethiopia. You're right, there had been no black African gold medalists before him. The summer of 1960 was a summer of enormous transformation in Africa. Fourteen nations got their independence that summer, throwing off the yoke of colonialism. And Abebe Bikila from Ethiopia sort of is the first of the great African runners."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Abebe Bikila is the first of the great African runners","questions":"What was the name of the marathoner from Ethiopia who became the first black African gold medalist in the Olympics?","answer":"Abebe-Bikila"}
{"text":["There was a feeling over the last couple of days before I left that the military-backed ruling party was just a little taken aback by this humiliating defeat. I mean, they only won one seat and that hardliners in the party might not have taken too kindly to what happened and might want to retaliate in some way. And I think some people are afraid that some disgruntled hardliners might try to retaliate against Aung San Suu Kyi, which, of course, would be a disaster for the reform process and a disaster for the country. But so far, that hasn't happened yet, and now, they're talking about trying to reinvent themselves in the run-up to the 2015 general election.","And if last week's election results were any indication, the NLD looks like it would sweep those elections, and then what happens to the military-backed ruling party?I mean, they're out the door, and then if you - if the NLD, for example, had a majority in parliament - I know we're getting ahead of ourselves - but if they had a majority, then they could actually talk about rewriting that constitution, yeah?","And at that point, push comes to shove, no?","Push could come to shove, yes. I mean, people used to having their way for a very long time aren't usually very eager to give up what they have."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1)\tA:\tThere was a feeling over the last couple of days before I left that the military-backed ruling party was just a little taken aback by this humiliating defeat.I mean, they only won one seat and that hardliners in the party might not have taken too kindly to what happened and might want to retaliate in some way.And I think some people are afraid that some disgruntled hardliners might try to retaliate against Aung San Suu Kyi, which, of course, would be a disaster for the reform process and a disaster for the country.But so far, that hasn't happened yet, and now, they're talking about trying to reinvent themselves in the run-up to the 2015 general election. (2)\tA:\tAnd if last week's election results were any indication, the NLD looks like it would sweep those elections, and then what happens to the military-backed ruling party?I mean, they're out the door, and then if you - if the NLD, for example, had a majority in parliament - I know we're getting ahead of ourselves - but if they had a majority, then they could actually talk about rewriting that constitution, yeah? (3)\tB:\tAnd at that point, push comes to shove, no? (4)\tA:\tPush could come to shove, yes.I mean, people used to having their way for a very long time aren't usually very eager to give up what they have.  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1) Please choose a confidence score ( marks how confidence you are that there is implied meaning in this turn ) :   4 : You are not sure whether everybody will agree that this turn has implied meanings but you believe that most of them will Please write a implied meaning ( More than 8 words! ) :","questions":"How might the NLD potentially impact the constitution?","answer":"Rewrite"}
{"text":["That's right. Even as he says he's open to talking with China, the president has left in place this latest round of tariffs, and the tariff rate is still 15%. That's up from 10% when the tax was initially announced.","Trump is also threatening to raise the tariff rate on another $250 billion worth of Chinese imports that are already being taxed at 25%. Trump wants to raise that to 30% on October 1 unless there's some kind of deal between now and then. U. S.  and Chinese negotiators are supposed to meet here in Washington sometime this month in September, but we haven't seen a real date yet.","How is all this affecting businesses, consumers?","Consumers are still spending pretty freely. We got new numbers from the Commerce Department on Friday showing consumer spending grew at a solid pace in July. And that's encouraging because consumer spending has been the most durable pillar propping up the economy."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Spending is not an actual pillar but the strongest part of the economy.","questions":"What is the most durable pillar of the economy?","answer":"Consumer"}
{"text":[". . . in HD glory.",". . . up there at sciencefriday. com on our webpage. You can also take it along with you on your iPad or iPhone or Android. But they run - this is an amazing photo. It's - because this thing is huge. It's very long. The antenna is very, very long.","It is very long. And they run it from base to tip through their mouth. And they do this all the time. And Coby Schal wondered, why are they spending all this time grooming?What are they actually grooming off?And he said there have been a lot of hypotheses about this, but no one had actually tested it. So they did a couple of things that are - it's so funny. So first of all, to test why a cockroach grooms, you have to prevent the cockroach from grooming, which presents an interesting challenge: How do you get the cockroach to cooperate with you?","And they came up with something sort of like one of those dog cones that prevents dogs from scratching. But it's a teeny, tiny antenna cone made from the tip of a pipette that they put on the base of the antenna. So the cockroach can't actually pull it down. So on a cockroach now, they have one antenna that's being groomed and they have this other antenna that the cockroach can't groom anymore. So they can see what happens to the dirty antenna, and they find that all of this gunk starts to accumulate on the antenna."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Take it along with you on your iPad or iPhone or Android means you can watch it on your mobile device","questions":"How can you watch it on the go?","answer":"iPad,iPhone,Android"}
{"text":["Yeah, that's one of the kind of strange things about the case. If these people were alive, it's rare that - 243 people - one of them wouldn't have been able to contact one of their family members at this point.","If they had, would you hope that this project could find that out?","So I'm in pretty close contact with a number of the family members. So if they had contacted the family members, we would know. The Eritrean diaspora is very interconnected.","When you refer to the Eritrea diaspora, that refers to the fact that many of the people on board this boat were Eritrean?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  is whether or not the project could uncover any contact the people had with their family members and the implied meaning ","questions":"Which project?","answer":"This"}
{"text":["They do. The students often say things like, but I just want to fit in. I want to look like everyone else. And the people next to me aren't reading braille, so why should I?","So answer the question. Why should they?I mean, if it's easier to get along without having to rely on braille, tell me why you think it's still important. I'm just wondering if you're having a hard time making the case to parents as well as the students.","It's really not a hard sell to parents because we show them the data. We give them evidence that suggests students, when learning braille, they're more likely to get employment and have greater academic gains as while later in life.","How did you learn braille, by the way?Do you mind if I ask?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The students feel pressure to conform and not be different from their peers.","questions":"How do the students feel about using braille?","answer":"Conform"}
{"text":["We are ecstatic about all the attention we're getting. I mean, we're actually accustomed of making I guess the decision of nominating the first, you know, woman candidate for president or African-American candidate for president, and - or even on the Republican side, nominating that person; who is going to get the nomination for the Republican side. That's all I bring here first. And so we're just really elated to have all that kind of attention and really basking in their joy, you know, right now.","Tell us about what political party you like and what's important to you?","I'm non-partisan. I'm an independent voter. I'm a conservative businessman, I mean, I own my own business. And my leanings are towards whatever politician's going to address a lot of my issues, which is, you know, health care, education, especially I have three teenagers and those type of issues. But again, I'm just so happy to be able to be choosing between a woman and an African-American and a white guy\u2026","\u2026for president."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The turn in (1) implies that the speaker is excited about the attention they're receiving because they have a history of making groundbreaking decisions in the political arena.","questions":"What decision did the speaker make in the political arena?","answer":"Groundbreaking"}
{"text":["Honestly, I think in most of these things, I think it's very hard to negotiate with Mr.  Trump because he doesn't stick to his word. And I think that my experience of negotiating over the last three or four decades is if there's someone like that, then you really just say, this is what I want. I'm not budging. I'm not talking. Give me a call when you're ready to deal.","Well, but does that just mean that nothing gets done for the DREAMers?","I don't think so. If you're the minority in the House and the minority in the Senate, and you don't control the White House, then you're going to - you have to ask yourself where are the points where we have a point of pressure?And then you have to decide what it is that you want to fight for. You have to say that clearly - not bluff at all - and we're not budging. And that's what you've got to do because the fact of the matter is every time that you negotiate you're going to come out with something that isn't great.","You note your business career. As you see it, Mr.  Steyer, has President Trump made the whole prospect of successful business figures in public office more or less enticing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Give me a call when you're ready to deal\" - This is a polite way of saying that negotiation is over and there is no point in continuing until the other party is ready to make a serious offer.","questions":"How does turn 0 suggest ending a negotiation? (Answer: politely)","answer":"politely"}
{"text":["Before that, he'd been seen frequently, but always waddling with a really bad limp. He was clearly in discomfort, and finally the North Korean authorities said he is in physical discomfort. So there's something up. We don't quite know what. The speculation is he's had surgery, he's ill, ranging right through to there's been a coup, and he's lost power or certainly being shunted away from power. That's the speculation.","Now, we're talking about somebody who - as my recollection is - he's on television every two minutes. So this must be a tremendous vacuum in the lives of North Koreans.","That's right. The print media in North Korea is still putting all these statements thanking the supreme leader in that sort of glorious way they do, praising him for, for example, the pretty good performance of the athletes in the Asian games a week ago. So all that stuff is still coming out. There's no devaluation of him by the state media. But he's not there. Now, having said that, his father disappeared from sight at odd times as well. And sometimes that was seen as being a mark of his strength in that he felt that he was so strong that he didn't need to do all this stuff.","Is this a matter for particular distress because, after all, we are talking about a nation that's either a quasi-nuclear power or might be a nuclear power?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : None of the words or phrases in this turn have a figurative meaning. It is a straightforward statement about the print media in North Korea continuing to praise the leader, despite his absence, and how his father had also disappeared from public view at times.","questions":"How does the North Korean print media portray the supreme leader despite his absence?","answer":"Praising"}
{"text":["It would basically just restore a tax on stock compensation income in our city. And this is a tax that actually existed prior to 2012, when we started granting tax breaks to grow the tech sector in our city. And the revenue would be used to address the growing inequality crisis in our city, to expand affordable housing for working-class and middle-class residents, to support and stabilize our small businesses here in the city that are struggling and haven't benefited from the same tax breaks.","And just to be clear, you've written this proposal so that this tax would apply to IPOs that have already recently happened, like Lyft and Pinterest. And we should note that your proposal still needs to be passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, and then it would go directly to the voters on the ballot in November.","Exactly. I mean, it's still - there's still going to be a lot of public process and debate about this.","OK.  Now, one of your colleagues on the board of supervisors told the San Francisco Chronicle that it's, quote, \"arrogant\" to think that tech companies won't leave the city if they are taxed more aggressively. Are you worried about that risk, that your tax proposal might drive some tech companies out of San Francisco?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"address the growing inequality crisis\" - Literal meaning: to deal with the issue of inequality that is becoming more severe. Actual meaning: to take measures to reduce the gap between the rich and poor and provide support for those who are struggling.","questions":"How would you describe the purpose of the proposed tax in San Francisco?","answer":"Inequality"}
{"text":["They're placing a lot of their hopes on the Chevy Volt, the electric car that's due out at the end of 2010. What do you think about that, and do you think that that's enough to help the company?","In reading through the General Motors restructuring plan, they talk about it as if it's the next Ford Model T.  I think the language that they use is a fundamental reinvention of the American automobile industry. And, you know, I hope it is, but you have to be skeptical about anything coming out that will fundamentally reinvent the industry, at least at this stage. It's too mature an industry right now.","Is there anything that GM can say when they go before Congress tomorrow and Friday?Is there anything that they should do, do you think, that could save it?","Their objective in going to Congress is not to save the industry. Their objective in going to Congress is to get money from Congress. And if you read through these documents, they are - especially the General Motors document, it is full of really shameless Americanizing, patriotic propaganda. It's geared to getting the money, and that's their objective. And I believe they will come away from Washington with money."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : GM is only trying to get money from Congress, not save the industry. (line 4)","questions":"What is GM's objective in going to Congress?","answer":"Money"}
{"text":["Joined by David Albright, he's president of the Institute for Science and International Security, speaking with us from Germany. Mr.  Albright, thanks so much for being with us.","Glad to be here.","We're a weekly show, so let let's go back a few days. Before North Korea said it would fire test missiles near Guam, before President Trump said the U. S.  is locked and loaded or vowed fire and fury, there was the news that North Korean had figured out how to put a nuclear bomb on a missile. Now, that's despite talks under the Bush administration or the 1994 deal with the Clinton administration. What's to be done?","Well, I think one is that I think there's time. I mean, the goal, I think, of everybody is to get negotiations going that can lead to denuclearization. People don't want North Korea to have nuclear weapons. It's just too dangerous, and it could cause further proliferation in the region and just constantly create instability that could lead to the use of nuclear weapons. So I think the goal is clear. How to get there is very difficult. And the Washington Post story kind of created a shock that somehow we don't have the time, that we're already in the bull's-eye of North Korea's nuclear weapons. As we sit in Seattle or. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Well, I think one is that I think there's time... And the Washington Post story kind of created a shock that somehow we don't have the time, that we're already in the bull's-eye of North Korea's nuclear weapons.\"  The literal meaning of this turn is that there is a perception that there is enough time to engage in negotiations for denuclearization, and a Washington Post story caused concern that time is running out and the threat of North Korea's nuclear weapons is imminent. However, the implicated meaning is that the perception of having enough time for negotiations is in contrast to the urgent and imminent threat posed by North Korea's nuclear weapons. The Washington Post story has highlighted the need for immediate action.","questions":"What is the perception regarding negotiations for denuclearization, and what story caused concern that time is running out and the threat of North Korea's nuclear weapons is imminent?","answer":"Perception,Washington"}
{"text":["Wouldn't you like to know?","I would.","They are being very, very discreet, and they're not telling anybody anything. And I think the usual conclusion from that is that they're not doing things with it that we would be pleased about. One of the things that they appear to have done with it is pay out $1. 6 billion in bonuses and other benefits to executives, which obviously is not something that would have gone over very well. From the banks' perspective, obviously, they will say, hey, wait a minute. We don't put the taxpayer money in a particular bucket and then use that to make certain things. It just all goes into a big cash bucket, and obviously, we have to pay our people. But no, we're not going to give you details on that or anything else even though it's your money.","But they are supposed to use it, or at least the intent of the legislation was for them to use it, to loosen the credit squeeze, to ease up credit and to lend to one another."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is no literal bucket - it just means that there is a collection of cash in a bank or something. ","questions":"How do the banks claim they use the taxpayer money?","answer":"cash"}
{"text":["Well, you know, everything was coming from me, so it was a big more relaxed. The process was very organic because, you know, I didn't intend to write a book or to create these paintings for a book. I was just doing this out of the love for the subject.","But, you know, the more and more I became familiar with this story that, you know, I figured that I really wanted to tell this story in a book and share this story with others because it was so inspirational. It's a great story of perseverance and innovation and pride and excellence amidst adversity.","When African-Americans were confronted with a ban from playing Major League Baseball at the end of the 19th century, they loved baseball so much that they wanted to form their own league. They wanted to form their own grand stage which would allow them to play baseball for a living. And that grand stage became the Negro Leagues, one of the most profitable and successful African-American-owned businesses of all time.","Now you had a unique way of preparing for the book, especially the way you got ready to do the paintings. Tell me how you used the uniform as a way to psyche yourself up.","Well, what I wanted to do was to shed new light on this subject and show this - share this history in a very new way, and I wanted to show new images from the Negro Leagues that have never been seen before. and the only way I could do that really was through this medium, the painted medium."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"shed new light on this subject\" - This phrase is used figuratively to mean providing new and insightful information about a subject, rather than literally illuminating something.","questions":"How did the speaker want to present the history of the Negro Leagues?","answer":"painted"}
{"text":["Well, we'll be sure to get those up on NPR News and Notes and nprnewsandviews. org. So let's talk housing. The U. S.  House of Representatives just approved a bill that some folks are calling the rescue bill. What does that really mean?","Basically, the housing bill will allow consumers to renegotiate the terms of their mortgages to get more affordable mortgage rates. And the mortgage interest rate for a 30 year mortgage is now hovering at about six percent, a little below six percent. You've got people locked into very high mortgage rates. You've got people who are defaulting because they can't pay. And basically, it will allow a renegotiation. And it will have the federal government guarantee these mortgages, which means that yes, a taxpayer at some level will pay if people default.","But basically, what we'll do is stave-off this horrible housing crisis that we're experiencing when we look at cities like Detroit. We look at other cities. When we see the default rates so high that we're really worried about the stability, Congress will, and Maxine Ward is of course, introducing some of this legislation because of the challenges that we're being faced in her own district. And so it's good legislation. The president and some other Republicans are against it. They've never been against providing money for anyone else. Bear Stearns got a break, why not people?","Some folks, though, are arguing that this bill could actually reward speculators who either are landlords, who own places in neighborhoods in trouble, or who want to buy up distressed properties. What do you think about that?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The housing bill implies mortgage rate shouldn't emburden anyone.","questions":"Which bill is being referred to as the rescue bill?","answer":"Housing"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me. It's a pleasure to be with you.","Now, President Trump tweeted last month, all agree the U. S.  president has the complete power to pardon. So how did the Founding Fathers intended for the presidential pardon to be applied?","Well, they saw it in several ways. They obviously set up a system with pretty robust checks and balances. And the pardon power was intended to be part of that. Where the justice system had produced a miscarriage of justice, it was possible for the president to step in and provide a check against the judicial branch. Or framers like Alexander Hamilton saw the pardon power as a policy instrument. You know, if you had a rebellion or some kind of insurgency, the offer of clemency might restore tranquility to the Commonwealth, as he put it. So there were both reasons of individual mercy and broader public policy that have motivated the use of the pardon power over time.","So then how is the pardon of Joe Arpaio different from other presidential pardons?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : How is the pardon of Joe Arpaio unique compared to other presidential pardons?","questions":"How was Joe Arpaio's pardon different from other presidential pardons?","answer":"Policy"}
{"text":["The Pythians were a black baseball team in Philadelphia from about 1866 to 1872. And they were damn good. And like just about every other dimension of his life, he used that arena to fight for equality.","And he met a tragic end, I gather.","Yup. Much like Martin Luther King, he had his young life cut short by gunfire from a white assassin.","I don't understand how America doesn't know so much about him and why Philadelphia took so long to recognize him."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : I don't understand how America doesn't know so much about him and why Philadelphia took so long to recognize him.\" Implied meaning: \"The person being discussed was not given the recognition and respect he deserved, and this is a failure on the part of both America and Philadelphia.\"","questions":"Which arena did the person use to fight for equality?","answer":"Baseball"}
{"text":["Correct. These are not embryonic stem cells. These are what we would call neural stem cells. In other words, these are stem cells that come from the nervous system.","And why - and, I guess, you give them a little - they have a little head start knowing they're going to be neurons from being injected.","Exactly. Well, they, you know, they have a head start in knowing at least that they're meant to be living in the nervous system, which means that there's a little bit of built-in safety and stability that may not quite exist in cells. They can become and kind cell to.","And how long are they effective for in the life of the mice they're injected into?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The stem cells have an advantage in developing into neurons.","questions":"Which cells have an advantage?","answer":"Stem"}
{"text":["So what you're hearing is a measurement that we make on our new mission. We just launched the Radiation Storm Belt Probes back in the very end of August. And we make measurements of the radio waves, and it turns out that these radio waves are in the same frequency range as human hearing. So we can take our measurement. We just turned into a WAV file or an MP3 file, and then you can listen to it.","Wow. And you have some other sounds as well, right?I think we have one ready to go.","What's that one?","That's a very classic sound for people in our field. That's something called a whistler, and it's been known for a very, very long time. And it comes about when a lightning strike occurs on the surface of the Earth. And that sends out a whole broad range of various radio waves, and they go up. And some of them can make it out through the Earth's ionosphere, which tends to reflect a lot of it. And as they move along out into space, it turns out the higher frequencies, the treble pitches, move faster than the slower, basier(ph) pitches. And so when they get to our satellite and measure them, what you hear first is that high pitch, and then it sweeps downward to lower and lower and lower frequency."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The radio waves can be heard by humans.","questions":"How do the radio waves sound?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["So I think that the Barack Obama, of course, then has a political legitimacy that neither of those gentlemen had because he's a United States senator elected to represent a district and serve a quarter of people. And yet, he's a charismatic figure as well, creating a sense of movement among the millions who now acclaim him as the best thing that happened to American politics since Jack Kennedy.","So Barack Obama has claimed the unique space within the context of American political destiny and has joined the charismatic authority that attends black messianic figures who become leaders in black America, as well as the quest for political legitimacy that transcends black communities. Because he's not just representing black people; he's representing white people and Latino people, and Asian people. He's representing Americans. And so he's taking it to yet another level in pioneering an even different path than the one blazed by Martin Luther King Jr.  or Jessie Jackson and, to a certain degree, Al Sharpton.","Well, Michael Eric Dyson, thank you.","Thank you very kindly, Farai."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"joined the charismatic authority that attends black messianic figures who become leaders in black America\" - This implies that Barack Obama has become a leader who inspires and motivates people, particularly in the black community, based on his charisma and personal qualities, rather than just his political credentials.","questions":"What kind of authority has Barack Obama joined?","answer":"Authority"}
{"text":["What would be risky about it, from the Nicolas Maduro point of view?","Well, there'd certainly be retaliatory measures from the U. S. , very likely more sanctions. There would be a massive outcry from Guaido's dozens of other international allies. The EU's warned that this would be a major escalation in tensions. And there'll be a lot of anger from the multitude of Guaido's supporters here in Venezuela.","Guaido himself says that any attempt by Maduro's government to detain him would be - as he put it - without doubt, one of that government's last mistakes. So we don't know, Steve. I mean, it's not clear that Maduro's concluded that he's in a strong enough position to do this. But it is a possibility.","And I guess we don't know if Guaido intends to go to a border crossing and present his passport or if he intends to sneak in some way. Is it known what path he plans to take?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning is discussing the possibility of Maduro's government detaining Guaido, but the implied meaning is that Guaido is confident in his own safety and that Maduro's government is unstable.","questions":"How would you describe Guaido's confidence regarding his safety?","answer":"Confident"}
{"text":["Well, first of all, you know, with the nurses, every hour, every day are stories about the suffering of patients. And every social problem presents in the hospital. And even with the new mandate of the ACA, which has some positives, obviously, what we're finding is that the quality is decreasing. The premiums are increasing. Patients are cutting their pills in half. The out-of-pocket costs are enormous.","I mean, our health shouldn't be a commodity. And that's what's happened. And so fighting for a single-payer system has become a bedrock issue in this campaign. It's always been a bedrock issue for the nurses nationally. And when we joined with the campaign, Bernie Sanders amplified all of the issues of the nurses.","Hillary Clinton, who served the Obama administration and quotes the president a lot on the stump, says that it's just not practical to expect - in the political landscape today to expect the U. S.  Congress to approve a single-payer health care system. And she wants to expand the Affordable Care Act. That's. . .","Hillary Clinton. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of (4) is that Hillary Clinton does not support a single-payer health care system.","questions":"How does Hillary Clinton feel about a single-payer health care system?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["There's a moment in class I want to ask you about there. They're discussing \"Madame Bovary. \"And Fatima and Meagan (ph), another young woman in the class, have a telling difference of opinion.","Yeah. I came to that when I was thinking about what it meant to outlaw the hijab in France and what it means to claim yourself as a woman in a world that is supposed to be becoming more pluralistic but is actually becoming more tribal. And it should be an acceptance. And I think when a Middle Eastern woman would like to claim her authority and her strength and her centeredness while being covered, the West, in general, will give her argument about that.","And in \"Madame Bovary\" there is a - you know, Flaubert is trying to make this statement about female vanity and a sense of class sort of raising yourself up and having your womanhood be your bootstraps. And in this case, Meagen is arguing that that's the way it should be. And America offers you this, and it's an illuminated culture because of that. And Fatima says, no, I think that it actually weakens and debases the woman to have to expose herself or use her beauty to attain wealth or stature.","Rez goes on the Internet. What's he searching for?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : And in \"Madame Bovary\" there is a - you know, Flaubert is trying to make this statement about female vanity and a sense of class sort of raising yourself up and having your womanhood be your bootstraps. And in this case, Meagen is arguing that that's the way it should be. And America offers you this, and it's an illuminated culture because of that. And Fatima says, no, I think that it actually weakens and debases the woman to have to expose herself or use her beauty to attain wealth or stature.  In both of these turns, the speakers are discussing deeper societal and cultural implications rather than just the literal actions or events being described. They explore the meaning and significance of outlawing the hijab in France and the contrasting views on female vanity and societal expectations portrayed in the novel \"Madame Bovary.\" The actual meanings conveyed go beyond surface-level descriptions and delve into broader social, cultural, and philosophical discussions.","questions":"How does Meagan view female vanity and class in \"Madame Bovary\"?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meaning different from the literal meaning is:  \"Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?\"  The literal meaning of this sentence is asking whether the president left a distinct impression the next day in Las Vegas. However, the implied meaning is asking whether the president's behavior or demeanor changed significantly in response to the events or circumstances in Las Vegas, indicating a potential shift in his attitude or approach.","questions":"What was the President's budget director's response to his comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis?","answer":"Vegas"}
{"text":["Finally, Mike, the Super Bowl is usually one huge party. But given the current economy, do you think it'll be as big of a celebration?","Officially, they give figures that are absolutely impossible to check about how much the Super Bowl adds to the economy. $300 million is one of the official totals. But I've read different economists saying the impact on a local economy is very small. And I have informally talked to some limo drivers and talked to some people who work in hotels. And they said, you know, a year ago, if you told them the Super Bowl was going to be here, they would've thought they'd all be booked up by now. But you can still get a limo maybe on Friday and Saturday, maybe not Sunday going to the game.","So it does - and another indication is that there used to be two huge parties sponsored by Playboy and Maxim, and Playboy is not having its party. So that's the economic indicator of this Super Bowl, that Playboy is not having its party.","NPR's Mike Pesca in Tampa, Florida for this weekend's Super Bowl. Thanks Mike."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Playboy's lack of party isn't the key economic indicator, but just one indicator among many. 'A' is jokingly exaggerating its importance because he thinks it is amusing.","questions":"What is 'A' doing when he exaggerates the importance of Playboy's lack of party?","answer":"Exaggerating"}
{"text":["Now, in both the Enron case and the Madoff situation, they're very different in some ways, but they both benefited at least for a time from the fact that a lot of people don't understand finance, and it's very difficult to understand. What do you think people need to do who are not financiers to understand why is it important to even understand the issue of finance, white-collar crime, and all of this?","White-collar crime matters because it affects all of us. Even if you happen to be a blue-collar person, you undoubtedly get affected one way or another - your investments, your company, your suppliers, your neighbors. Everyone gets affected by serious white-collar crime, and the old joke is, right, you walk into a bank with a gun, steal $50,000, they send you away for 10 years. You steal $50 million in some sort of white-collar crime thing, and you get, you know, five minutes and a warning from the judge.","I mean, that's an exaggeration. But that's the kind of thing that for years has annoyed people, including me. And somehow the - because there's been now so much of the stuff has surfaced, and there's such conscientiousness about it and in the case of Madoff largely because he scammed people that members of the media know. So you get really angry when your friends go down. I mean, I don't have any friends who were in there, but a lot of people in my business. . .","Right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : not the right hand or right side, but the   speaker agrees with the other speaker","questions":"What did the speaker agree with?","answer":"statement"}
{"text":["Yeah, of course. What really sealed the deal for me was when I had to pay $11. 25 to report each individual score to colleges on my list. And, of course, I believe, you know, there has to be a lot of money that goes into proctors, the readers for the essays, all that stuff. To just send scores?It doesn't cost $11 per score.","Of course, the College Board's a not-for-profit corporation.","Yeah. I mean, they pull in about $750 million-plus a year. In the last three years, there's been about a $60 million profit on average, and that's just insane.","Well, let me follow up on another part of your argument, Mr.  Tonelli. Do you think the costs of the tests deter students from applying to more than one college?And does it perhaps discourage poorer families?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B asks if the costs of the College Board tests deter students from applying to more than one college and if it discourages poorer families. The actual meaning here is that the high costs of the College Board tests may create barriers to higher education for students from low-income families, who may not be able to afford to take the tests multiple times or to send their scores to multiple colleges.","questions":"Which demographic may be discouraged from applying to multiple colleges due to the costs of the College Board tests?","answer":"Low-income"}
{"text":["I was struck by a phrase in Chris Arnold's piece about the dollar being the bedrock currency for much of the world. Is that jeopardized?","Very much so. Treasury debt is the only risk-free asset in the world. It undergirds the world's financial system, it's in everybody money market's funds. You know, China, among many other countries, buys Treasury bills like crazy - over a trillion dollars. So, if you'd have to start factoring in risk, even if it's political risk, into our debt, you know, two things happen. The rest of the world becomes less enchanted with buying it, and our interest payments - what the government has to pay to issue that debt will rise substantially.","Can I get you to play out your scenario about what happens if October 17 comes and there's no agreement?","I don't think that much will happen on October 17th. I think there's a little wiggle room. What happens on October 17th is the government loses its borrowing authority and it can only pay out the cash it has on hand. However, if we got to the end of the month and the United States missed a bond payment, I believe that you would have an event that is three, four, five, six times worse than the Lehman Brothers of five years ago. Because the banks rely on treasuries to trade with each other overnight. That's how they fund themselves. And if you take away trust in the financial system or U. S.  debt, it will be cataclysmic. The banks will freeze up. There will be no borrowing. It'll be like Lehman. The stock market will go down. It has the potential to be a true out-and-out disaster."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Struck by a phrase\" does not mean that someone physically hit someone else with words. It means that someone was caught by a specific expression or a saying that got their attention.","questions":"What does the term \"struck\" mean in turn 0?","answer":"Attention"}
{"text":["Yeah. This is really kind of a year of reckoning for Big Pharma. Insys Therapeutics, Purdue Pharma, Teva Pharmaceuticals - they've agreed to pay more than half a billion dollars between them to state and federal agencies. And these shockwaves just keep rolling through the drug industry. In May, seven Insys executives were found guilty on racketeering charges. That company later declared bankruptcy. Purdue Pharma, another big player - they've talked openly about filing for Chapter 11. And Johnson & Johnson, a really big name-brand company - they're in court right now in Oklahoma. That state's attorney general is demanding $17 billion in compensation. And this is really the kind of opioid-related legal chaos that Reckitt Benckiser is hoping to leave behind.","Now that Reckitt Benckiser has made this deal, are they cleared from future litigation?","Well, they're not. And this is one thing that the industry is afraid of - that they'll make these big payouts and still face lingering liability. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports more than 200,000 Americans have died from prescription opioid overdoses. A lot of communities have been very hard-hit, so there are a lot of potential lawsuits out there. Reckitt Benckiser is still being sued right now by dozens of states. Their attorneys general have filed those suits. Some of those states may choose to take part in this federal settlement, but others could keep fighting in court. And that could mean a push for separate settlements.","That's North Country Public Radio's Brian Mann. He covers opioid litigation for NPR."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : big name implies being very successful and wealthy ","questions":"What is the term used to describe the opioid-related legal chaos that Reckitt Benckiser is hoping to leave behind?","answer":"Chaos"}
{"text":["Yeah, he's a great story, absolutely. Another great story, though, before I let you get away from here is Mike Tomlin, headed to the Super Bowl, in what, his second, third year as a coach?That's pretty impressive.","Oh, yeah, yeah. I mean, I think Jim said this is not just he's his brother, but that, you know, his kind is - he leads a group of very young coaches, and I think in front of our eyes we've seen this transformation from the sort of old, recycled guys to all these young bloods with a lot of perk and energy.","You know, the Rooney Rule that Jim Brown made reference to with Art Rooney hiring, the Rooney family hiring Mike Tomlin, this is an example of, give a brother a chance and some good things can happen.","Yeah. We need a Rooney Rule on the media, Tony. Of course, we'll get to that next month, but. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : We need more people to hire black people in the media.","questions":"How does PersonA suggest increasing diversity in the media?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["So there are always lines in invoices - in the case of remains excavations, taking care of the remains, maintaining them, transfer - all of these kind of things. It happens. It exists. In other hostage cases, you would see not necessarily - and I have to distinguish between hostages and political prisoners because Otto Warmbier was a political prisoner, not a hostage.","And the difference being that hostages are held generally by nongovernmental. . .","Correct.",". . . Entities. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Invoices for remains excavations and transfer exist and happen.","questions":"Which maintenance task is mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Maintaining"}
{"text":["Not necessarily. Sinkholes can happen for many different reasons at different times. However, we do tend to see sinkholes occur more often during high precipitation events, so during a wet season, for instance. The - if you have a void underground and in the soil it tends to work its way toward the surface. And so then you have - and we don't necessarily see any kind of subsidence on the surface if it's a nice, tight, clay soil.","But when you add a lot of water to it, you're adding - you know, water weighs a lot. So you're adding that weight to that soil bridge, basically, over that void. And once you get to a certain amount of weight, it'll collapse. The other situation is during droughts. Water tables will drop, so that'll give you a little bit more instability for what's on the surface, but also clay holds water very well.","And during a drought, you might dry up the water that's in that clay. And clay, you know, that water is basically like a glue. It's adhesive. And if you lose that adhesion, you also can get sinkholes.","Is there a way to detect if you have a sinkhole under your property someplace?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The area underground where water is first found will lower in terms of the amount of water.","questions":"Which property?","answer":"b"}
{"text":["Happens to be benched. What do you make of this?I think Vince's issues I think are quite different from Tarvaris. I think there was a lot of pressure on Vince from the time he came out of Texas to kind of be the black Johnny Unitas, and he's going to - they'll both have an opportunity to sit and watch, and hopefully come back with a vengeance.","One really quick other black quarterback not in the league at the moment, in Atlanta, Michael Vick. Is Matt Ryan, the replacement, making Atlanta Falcon fans forget Michael Vick?","I wouldn't say that. Maybe that first week he did, but there will only be one Michael Vick. Remember, Tony, Michael Vick was the most exciting quarterback in the NFL, and there's still talk and anticipation of him playing when he gets out.","All right. Let's move on to baseball because we're moving into the time of the year, at least for me, when baseball really becomes interesting. This year we had a couple of blockbuster trades involving Manny Ramirez going from Boston to the Dodgers, and we also had C. C. Sabathia going from the Cleveland Indians to the Milwaukee Brewers, and they turned their respective teams around. So, the question is, are they - should they be considered as MVP candidates even though they've only been there a short time?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being benched implies temporary substitution and inactiveness,  not being seated in a bench ","questions":"Which term describes the state of being benched according to turn 0?","answer":"inactive"}
{"text":["These Special Forces and SEAL veterans, Navy SEAL veterans - they deployed on a mission to kill the leader of the Aden branch of Al-Islah. And Al-Islah, as I write, is a very important political party in Yemen. It's an Islamist party, but it's not viewed in the wider world as a terrorist group. Nonetheless, the UAE, as we write, hired this company to kill this local political leader, this Islamist leader.","The UAE and Saudi Arabia are leading the war in Yemen against rebels in Yemen, and they have U. S.  support. Now, you suggest in the story that somebody in this group was a member of the active military, don't you?","A reservist - he was a reservist, and he was a SEAL reservist. He was at that level of command, one of the nation's best, most highly trained. And he was still - you know, technically, he had a top-secret clearance, sources told us, even when he was doing this very strange, unique, unprecedented mission, as far as we know.","I guess I'm among those Americans who just assume that that had to be illegal, that U. S.  citizens couldn't do that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Assassinating the Aden branch leader of Al-Islah may have been illegal","questions":"What political group was the leader of the Aden branch that was allegedly assassinated?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["Well, it's interesting. What you find in the data is that Trump did very well among self-described evangelicals. But he did far better among self-described evangelicals who don't regularly attend church. Cruz destroyed him amongst evangelicals who go to church regularly.","And what's also important about that is there's a lot of evidence that white Americans who don't regularly attend church do worse economically and are much more pessimistic about the state of the country. And that's also what Trump tapped into, this sense of deep pessimism about the state of the country. And that pessimism is greater among Americans who don't regularly attend religious services.","And you just - according to your article, you don't see this in just one side of the political divide, do you?","No. What's interesting is that the same divide you see between Ted Cruz and Donald Trump voters, you also saw between Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton voters. So if you look at white Democrats, white Democrats who went to church were much more - religious institutions at all - much more likely to be Hillary Clinton supporters. Bernie Sanders much more likely to win the votes of those who did not regularly attend religious institutions."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The political divide between the Democratic and Republican parties is not the only divide that exists, there are divides within the two parties as well.","questions":"Which parties have divides within them?","answer":"Democratic"}
{"text":["Last year, we gave almost $50 million of our internal resources for aid. So between 25 percent and a third of all of our students had enough grant aid from the college for tuition to be free. Why is that possible?Because we have this endowment that we use to underwrite the cost and to provide opportunities for students.","OK.  You have, as you mentioned, an enrollment of 1,700 students with an endowment of 1. 8 billion. That's more than a million dollars per student. The government only wants to take 1. 4 percent in this proposal.","Well, first of all, 1. 4 percent may seem like a small percent, but that is every dollar there - takes dollars away from students. It takes away either from the quality of educational experience or from our ability to offer aid. And we do this as a public good. We do it for students from all over the country. We admit need blind. So we admit students without even considering how much they can pay. And we're able to do that because of these resources, and we're not unique.","Right. But, you know, if you look at something like Harvard and Yale, they have an endowment of a combined $60 billion. I mean, that's an astronomical amount of money. And, in effect, by it being tax free, aren't we the taxpayer subsidizing these elite universities that are hardly hurting for income?I mean, aren't we all paying for it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Takes dollars away from students\" implies that they are actually taking money from the student's pockets.","questions":"Which resources enable the college to provide opportunities for students?","answer":"Endowment"}
{"text":["Yes, thank you.","We get it.","A lot of things in the book are things that I wrote about in my newspaper column. For about nine or 10 years I've been doing a column every week for the Guardian newspaper in England, and it's about any kind of unexpected, funny thing that I run across or people tell me about. And to do the book, I went back and grabbed a lot of these stories and then did some more digging to see what else have these people done.","Mm-hmm. Some of the stories seem to have sort of a moral to them, like the one - mysterious one I'm going to call the rectum in a jar.","Yeah, this is the case of the rectum of the Bishop of Durham. If you go to London and you visit the Hunterian Museum, it's a wonderful, wonderful - one - in fact, one of the world's few remaining big medical museums. It's part of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. If you go and visit it, on display on the main floor inside a jar is something they call object RCSHC\/P192. The label identifies it as being the preserved rectum of the Bishop of Durham, and we're talking about Thomas Thurlow, who was born in 1737, died in 1791. Would you like to hear the story of why it's in a jar in London on display?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A strange story is going to be told about a preserved rectum.","questions":"What body part is preserved in a jar at the Hunterian Museum?","answer":"rectum"}
{"text":["Everybody else in the theater did. I didn't.","Oh, yeah, right.","Every single person cried except for me.","Oh, yeah, because they were only slicing onions for you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is sarcastically suggesting that the reason A didn't cry was that they were not affected emotionally by the movie.","questions":"How did PersonB imply that PersonA was not emotionally affected by the movie?","answer":"Emotionally"}
{"text":["So, number one, the Web site made a drastic change and a tremendous shift. It opened up transparency. It put a lot of ways for individuals to feel that they could be more empowered to have better access or a direct access, almost like an open Internet door to the administration. Number two, they looked to hire a chief technology officer for the administration, which has been done. They've actually checked that off of their list and that has never been a position within the White House to that level before.","And then, number three, I would say actually the stimulus package, you know, coming through with $7. 2 billion being placed specifically for broadband access in rural areas. Those are three key things - oh, and the fourth thing would be, actually redoing - re-upgrading rather the systems within the White House. Internet connectivity was extremely - is extremely slow there. Outdated computers, viruses, just issues with just the infrastructure of technology that was there left by the previous administration.","You know, that was going to be my next question because I understood as the new administration staff took their offices in the White House, what they found were computers that were - I suppose outdated and very slow and. . .","Yeah.","Not nearly as technologically advance that you would expect from the White House."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The new administration has made efforts to increase transparency and accessibility through their website.2. The new administration has made technological advancements in the White House infrastructure and staff.","questions":"Which access was the stimulus package specifically placed for in rural areas?","answer":"Broadband"}
{"text":["Yeah, well, when I was a young, little Muppet baby version of myself, you know, I mean - I guess people were right in that I was kind of a punk kid. I was anti-everything. I was anti-capitalist, first of all. I just don't have a lot of respect for profit motive. So as an artist, you know, I had a hard time. You know, when I was living hand to mouth, you know, my first manager - as a teenager, you know - tell people you have tapes for sale. Like, no, no.","(Laughter) You didn't even want to do that.","I just feel like a jerk. I didn't want to. I couldn't do it. I couldn't do it.","What I loved about the book was that I didn't come away with an impression that you suffered from self-doubt. You kind of always knew that it just didn't matter how hard it was, you were just - this was your thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"kind of a punk kid\" - This is a figurative expression meaning that the speaker was rebellious and anti-establishment in their youth.","questions":"Which expression describes the PersonA's rebellious nature in their youth?","answer":"Punk"}
{"text":["Men are more likely to use alone; women more likely to use with a partner. When you use alone and fentanyl is present - since it kills people so quickly - it can stop breathing in less than a minute - it's very dangerous when you're alone.","So if you're with someone else, at least there's the chance that someone might call 911.","Or use Narcan, or naloxone, the drug that reverses the opioid - the overdose themselves, yes.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Men are more likely to engage in dangerous drug use without help from another person.","questions":"What is the risk associated with using fentanyl alone?","answer":"Breathing"}
{"text":["In the late '70s and early '80s, the Mutiny Hotel in Miami was the place to be seen and to drop scads of cash. Everyone from Arnold Schwarzenegger to Led Zeppelin to Teddy Kennedy might be found at the Mutiny's exclusive, members-only nightclub. It was a palace of decadence and intrigue, and it quickly became a hub for Miami's exploding cocaine trade. Journalist Roben Farzad charts the rise and fall of the Mutiny in his new book \"Hotel Scarface. \"Roben, welcome to the program.","Thank you so much for having me.","And Miami is your hometown. Why don't you describe what had become of the Mutiny Hotel when you first saw it when you were a teenager in the early '90s?","I mean, I grew up with much of the rest of the world experiencing Miami Friday nights on \"Miami Vice. \"That was the it show of the mid-1980s, kind of a Hollywood MTV-ized representation of a lot of the ugliness and cosmopolitan splendor (laughter) that we had of Miami at the same time. But right before I left off for college up north in 1994, I had a job just downtown in Miami, and I was stationed in front of this abandoned building. And, really, for the first time in my life I feel like I was truly, truly haunted."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The abandoned building had a significant impact on the speaker's emotions and thoughts, making them feel haunted.","questions":"What word describes the PersonA's feelings towards the abandoned building?","answer":"Haunted"}
{"text":["But some of the people you were just talking about are format breakers, who are a little bit of R&B, some soul. They pull back from influences from the past but they put their own stamp on it. Sonia, what do you like right now coming out of Atlanta?What are some of your favorites?","You know, I liked hearing the bumper music that you guys are playing in between - those are current songs, but when I think about - well, you know, first it was Goodie Mob and the \"Cell Therapy. \"So, I was thinking about what Cee-Lo is doing now is part of Gnarls Barkley.","As a songwriter, when you think about it, this guy wrote \"Don't You\" for the Pussycat Dolls, turned around and that is a big commercial. I mean, this guy is an incredible talent. The album that he's put out now with Gnarls Barkley is good. I can't wait to hear what TI's going to say, now that he has been through what he has been through.","I'm a big TI fan. I am still a bit OutKast fan. You look at OutKast, just completed their ballet this past weekend. I mean, these people are looking at the music as just kind of a launching pad into a lot of different mediums and you can't help but be proud to see such talent being recognized and explored in so many different mediums."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : TI has faced some challenges but people still look forward to his music","questions":"What artist's music is anticipated despite their challenges?","answer":"TI"}
{"text":["Oh, yes. On Friday morning, I was involved in a lockout drill at one of my high schools as I was sitting in a counseling office, talking with a student.","And I guess as a parent, I have learned to be grateful that these drills are held. But I wonder if there are some students who aren't panicked by the drills in and of themselves.","It can be a very scary experience. It's a reality now that our students in our schools are preparing for. So when we do a drill, we don't tell our students they are drills because we need them to take everything seriously. And we want to normalize and help them feel calm during those things. And I've also wondered, what is the impact of doing these drills for our students?","Well, you're a gifted counselor. What do you think it might be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"What do you think it might be?\" - The literal meaning of this question is asking for the speaker's opinion. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is acknowledging the other person's expertise and asking for their professional assessment of the situation.","questions":"How would you describe the implied meaning of turn 3?","answer":"Acknowledging"}
{"text":["But even artists like Bone Crusher, who's very theatrical. He was on \"The Biggest Loser\" or - no, the \"Celebrity Fit Club,\" \"Celebrity Fit Club. \"He was on \"Celebrity Fit Club\" and has such a wonderful personality. You have so - these artists that are first songwriters and musicians are so creative. They are so well-rounded and many of them you will see in other mediums.","Now, you are listening to NPR's News & Notes. I am Farai Chideya. In case you are just tuning in, we are doing a special roundtable in entertainment in the ATL with Dee Dee Murray. She is president of Murray Media Music. The company provides publishing service for musicians, writers and producers. And Sonia Murray, music writer at the Atlanta Journal Constitution.","Now, Dee Dee, what about the issue of being a woman in this industry?You know, I have many friends in the industry and I am just going to be real here. You know, one of them says, well, if I don't go to the strip clubs with the guys, I don't get the deal. Do you ever had to figure out where you draw the line in terms of how you are willing to make deals and where you are willing to make deals?","All of the time. As a woman, you always are faced with the challenge of upholding your morality in a lot of instances. And for me, I have had to go to the strip club with some of my clients that are males from California that only dreamed of coming to Atlanta and striking deals in these clubs."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They are implying that deals are done in inappropriate places","questions":"How are deals often made in the entertainment industry according to the dialogue?","answer":"Strip-clubs"}
{"text":["And the president did a victory dance in the end zone on Twitter after he was fired. He said Andrew McCabe being fired is a great day. He said he knew all about the lies and corruption going on at the highest levels of the FBI. Then what happened was even more significant because the president's private lawyer John Dowd released a statement saying that now that McCabe has been fired, he hopes that acting Attorney General Rosenstein will follow Jeff Sessions' lead and bring an end to the Mueller investigation. Now, at first, Dowd said he was speaking for the president when he issued this statement. Later, he backtracked, although it doesn't really matter.","Yeah. It's not news, though, that the president hates the Mueller probe. He's been pretty vocal about that on Twitter. Why is his lawyer statement so important?","It's important because it's a change in the legal strategy. Up until now, Donald Trump has always stopped short of saying something that could be perceived as an order to Rod Rosenstein to fire Mueller. He's always said, no, I'm not going to fire him. He's even said he looks forward to talking to him. Now it looks like they're opening a new phase, openly calling on the Department of Justice to shut down the Mueller investigation.","The Democrats have been pretty vocal. I've been seeing a lot of their reaction. Do we know what the Republicans in Congress have been saying or doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : President celebrated the firing of Andrew McCabe despite the event being controversial","questions":"Which FBI official was fired that the President celebrated?","answer":"Andrew"}
{"text":["President Obama says he wants to close the U. S.  detention center at Guantanamo Bay during his final year in office, just as he said he wanted to close it his first year, too. The president and his supporters say Republicans in Congress prevented him from doing that. But a new book presents original essays from 14 lawyers who represented some of the detainees, and many of those attorneys hold the Obama administration responsible, too.","They say that once in power, the administration found it convenient to have a place in which to park people it suspects of being terrorists without charge or trial. Reportedly, there are now about 80 detainees in Guantanamo. The book is \"Obama's Guantanamo: Stories From An Enduring Prison. \"It's edited by Jonathan Hafetz associate professor of law at Seton Hall. He joins us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us.","Great to be here.","Seems to be a lot of disappointment and even some anger in this book."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that the book contains criticisms and negative opinions about the Obama administration's handling of Guantanamo Bay detainees.","questions":"Which book contains negative opinions about the Obama administration's handling of Guantanamo Bay detainees?","answer":"Book"}
{"text":["I fear there could still be a lot of fighting with many, many thousands of men armed to the teeth with no option but to fight or die. It will also threaten the lifeline that 12,000 humanitarian colleagues - our collective lifeline is very fragile to 2 million people in non-government-controlled areas in the north.","Is the deal in effect now?Is there a deadline?","Well, these are decisive days because between now and mid-October, the buffer zone is supposed to be established. That, in a way, will hold back any ground offensive by the Syrian army and allied forces. Presumably, there will be fighting - these groups. Al-Nusra have said that they will not leave their positions. So there will be fighting now first in the buffer zone, possibly, and then later on in other parts of Idlib.","Jan Egeland is secretary-general of the Norwegian Refugee Council and a special adviser to the U. N. Thanks so much for being with us, sir."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is concerned about the possibility of violent conflict with no other options.","questions":"What is PersonA's fear?","answer":"Fighting"}
{"text":["What Bonnie Raitt song, may I ask?","O'NEILL: \"I Can't Make You Love Me. \"","(Singing) Here in the dark, in these final hours, I will lay down my heart and I'll feel the power. . .","Kate O'Neill, who wrote about her sister, Maddie Linsenmeir in the Vermont Weekly Seven Days, thank you so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The song title is \"I Can't Make You Love Me\"","questions":"How did O'NEILL describe the Bonnie Raitt song?","answer":"Love"}
{"text":["If you thought the fight over the FBI's Russia investigation couldn't get any more contentious, this past week, of course, it did. The White House has refused to declassify a competing Democratic memo that challenges claims made by the Republicans alleging bias and abuse in the FBI. President Trump had given the OK to release the GOP memo. Both documents are products of infighting within the House intelligence committee. Jamil Jaffer was a lawyer in the White House under President George W.  Bush. And he was senior counsel to the House intel committee. He joins us from Colorado today. Welcome to the program.","Thanks. Good to be here, Lulu.","You've called this a, quote, \"massive strategic miscalculation on the part of the White House. \"Why?","Look. I mean, part of the challenge here is the president is alleging that there was massive corruption at the FBI, at the Justice Department - an attempt to engage in political surveillance. And by allowing one side's memo to come out - the House Republicans' memo to come out - without releasing the House Democrats' memo, it plays into that partisan narrative. And as a result, it discredits the ability to make the point that there was - whether there was or was not, in fact, problems with the FBI."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It would suggest that the documents were physically produced as a result of infighting. However, the intended meaning is that the documents were created due to disagreements or conflicts within the House intelligence committee.","questions":"How does the turn in the statement clarify the origin of the documents?","answer":"Produced."}
{"text":["Well, Mr.  Market feels pretty strongly that he's seen this show before. And. . .","He's counting on something to be worked out at the last minute.","That's right. The real question is, if by Thursday there's no deal, will stock markets still be gaily rising?I think the answer is probably no.","I was struck by a phrase in Chris Arnold's piece about the dollar being the bedrock currency for much of the world. Is that jeopardized?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Will stock markets still be gaily rising? Implied Meaning: Will stock markets still be increasing in value?","questions":"What is the real question in turn 2?","answer":"Stock"}
{"text":["And not to make any comparisons, but I seem to recall that there was a time when J. Crew was a catalog retailer - didn't have any real stores. And now, of course, they've got plenty of them in addition to a very ambitious online retail site.","Absolutely. The way that I've thought about these Shopify stores is they're undoubtedly strange because they're new, but their model is fundamentally not that different from, like, a big corporate enterprise. It's just that the tools have democratized the ability for people to tap into the globalized economy. And so before, it took the idea of having a supply chain and having all these people who would know factory owners in China and all these other kinds of things - that took a lot of infrastructure.","What these tools have done is eliminate the need for all that infrastructure. And so now it's this alternative way into what is a real thing about our economy, which is that many, many of the goods that we all purchase are made in Asian factories and are sold to us at a very high markup from their production costs.","So where's the coat now, may I ask?","It's hanging up in my closet, kind of towards the back - in there with the things that are too small for me to fit into now (laughter). But I'll bring it out at some point, I'm sure. Everyone needs a coat like that, you know, maybe for gardening or something."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : J.Crew has evolved from being a catalog retailer to having physical stores and an online retail site.","questions":"What was J.Crew before they had physical stores and an online retail site?","answer":"Catalog"}
{"text":["One sergeant in the Green Berets told you - and this gives you some sense of the intensity of what went on - I've never seen that many rocket-propelled grenades in my career.","That's correct. He's an 11-year veteran of the Green Beret team, so he's pretty much seen it all in Iraq and Afghanistan. And he said it was almost, you know, cinematic. This particular attack seemed so highly orchestrated that they just felt like, you know - that they were throwing everything that they could at them.","Why weren't the Afghan military forces in Ghazni able to repel this Taliban attack?","The local forces had communication problems. They weren't able to really strategize about how to beat back the Taliban forces. They were overwhelmed in a lot of ways, despite the fact that they're flush with U. S. -supplied weaponry, at that. There were reports of Afghan military firing on their own forces, as well as American convoys. And there were reports that they had delivered the wrong supplies to police departments that were in desperate need of more ammunition. So really, what it came down to was that they needed the U. S.  Special Forces and Afghan commandos, which is special forces of sorts for the Afghans, to be able to have strategy, to be able to communicate with one another and to be able to act in concert rather than these sort of disparate skirmishes.","That adds up to a pretty damning appraisal of the Afghan military's readiness."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The green berets are a military organization that wears green berets.","questions":"What headgear do the members of the Green Berets wear?","answer":"Berets"}
{"text":["I must be doing something right. What I thought was funny about it was Sommore is not my real name. So. . .","Right. Right, right, right.","I was like, OK, so you named - you named your kids after my stage name. OK, that's hot.","So, when you think about all the stuff you do about women, you know. When you say, women, we got to catch up. When you talk about sex, when you talk about relationships, what sisters have to go through. I'm assuming that you and your girlfriends are the people who can road test some of the comedy that you talk about."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : that's hot implies that the person thinks it was an acceptable and good gesture","questions":"Which gesture did the person find acceptable?","answer":"Naming"}
{"text":["I decided to take matters in my own hands and decided to raise the funds that I need to get the materials that the kids need. The budget wasn't going to change. The only thing is, it was going to get worse. I had decided that I should advertise on my test, and I said, well, if you would like to put a quote or an ad at the bottom of my test, then it'd be kind of a mutual - they help the kids, and then I help them get a little bit of PR out of it.","And so the parents, they responded well?","Absolutely. Back to school night, I had one parent give me a $100 check, and she said, I hope this gets you started, and I actually had a lot of good comments, saying that's very creative and thinking outside the box.","And I've actually gotten emails from parents and one from my school district saying, you know, I am glad somebody is finally speaking up and saying that parents are having a tough time footing the bill for things that should have been paid for through their tax dollars and paid through the school system.","And what did the kids says?I mean, aren't they kind of bombarded by advertising all day long when they are not in school?","They really like the quotes, and they actually look forward to them. I've had students say, hey, what's going to be the next quote, and I tell them, you have to wait."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"if you would like to put a quote or an ad at the bottom of my test, then it'd be kind of a mutual - they help the kids, and then I help them get a little bit of PR out of it.\" - The actual meaning is a suggestion for a mutually beneficial arrangement where the person advertising on the test would get some positive publicity in exchange for helping the kids.","questions":"What is the suggestion made by the person speaking in turn 0?","answer":"Mutual"}
{"text":["The other thing that we're doing is making a mouse that has Beatrice's exact genetic variant so that we may be able to recapitulate what Beatrice has so - you know, with the muscles and that sort of thing - and then study that mouse in great detail. And also. . .","You're - I mean, you're making an actual, physical, fur-covered mouse?","Yeah. In fact, I just saw a picture of four of the pups today. They carry Bea's identical variation. Mice live to be 2, and so if they develop heart problems or vascular problems or other problems, we'll be able to know that - if we're not able to find other Beatrices.","A lot of people, I gather, are very happy for you and certainly, for Beatrice, but is this necessarily a good example for other families that have a sick child?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is using the mouse as a model to study Beatrice's genetic condition and potentially find treatments for it.","questions":"What is the PersonA's purpose for creating a mouse with Beatrice's exact genetic variant?","answer":"Study"}
{"text":["Well, you know, in my opinion, a geek is somebody who obsesses, and who tinkers and who tries to kind of take apart the world - whether that's, you know, in a literal way by disassembling things or reassembling them or in a figurative way by being a writer or a musician or something like that. And Tesla was sort of the embodiment of that. He was almost like a - sort of like a Steve Wozniak, in a way, in that he was kind of this brilliant workhorse that maybe early on was a bit naive about money. He wasn't really concerned with that. He was just concerned with seeing what he could do to the world and how he could change it.","And didn't quite get the same glory as Edison.","He did not, no. He was - he wasn't great at marketing himself, and he wasn't great at making money. He was brilliant. He was a genius, but he was not a businessman.","What does this site look like, this old lab of his?Are there things lying around like his tools, or a half-eaten bag of chips or something that could be auctioned off?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : urn: \"take apart the world\" Actual meaning: To understand or analyze the world in a deep and comprehensive way.","questions":"What phrase does turn 0 define?","answer":"Definition"}
{"text":["Exactly, keep looking up, and I can't believe I still pinch myself every time that I get to say those words afterwards. But this is the fellow that would appear on your PBS station, usually late at night, at weird hours, for a minute or five minutes telling you what's up in the sky. He'd sit on the rings of Saturn and point out at Jupiter, and he'd have this very interesting voice. It was great.","And so he passed away a few years ago, and the station has decided to continue the program. We've done a little bit of touching-up to it, but it's called \"Star Gazers,\" and so you might catch us on weird hours on your PBS station, and they're always online at our website, stargazersonline. org, and you can watch any of the shows there, and we'll tell you what's up in the sky and say keep looking up. That's what we always say.","That's it. It's a great show. I've been watching it for years. I used to know Jack for a while, so. . .","Oh, I know, what a great guy. I mean, this is a populizer of astronomy, and I just hope that I can fill his shoes a little bit and get people excited about the stars."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"fill his shoes\" implies that the speaker wants to follow in Jack's footsteps and continue his work, but not that they literally want to wear his shoes.","questions":"How does the speaker want to continue Jack's work?","answer":"Follow"}
{"text":["It's great to be with you, Ira. Thank you.","I'm just looking at the abstract of your study, and some of these numbers are amazing. Seventy-two percent, 72 of all Americans think that global warming should be a very high or medium or a priority for the president and the Congress. That crosses all party lines.","It does. It includes 84 percent of Democrats, 68 percent of independents and 52 percent of Republicans. So yes, there is this difference between Democrats and Republicans. But nonetheless, a majority of Republicans do think that global warming should be a priority for our elected officials.","So why are we all under the impression that there is not this majority?","Ah. Great question. So one of the things that became very clear to us early in our research was that Americans don't speak with a single voice on this issue. And in fact, what we've identified is what we call a global warming's six Americas, that essentially you can look at the country and find that there are six very different communities within the United States, that each respond to this issue in very different ways. One group we call the alarmed. That's only about 12 percent of the public."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : I'm just looking at the abstract of your study, and some of these numbers are amazing. Seventy-two percent, 72 of all Americans think that global warming should be a very high or medium or a priority for the president and the Congress. That crosses all party lines. (Literal meaning: expressing amazement at the high percentage of Americans who prioritize global warming)","questions":"How many Americans prioritize global warming?","answer":"72"}
{"text":["You know, he wrote that in all caps. This tweet was then followed by a statement from Taiwan's government that contradicted what Trump had just tweeted, saying that the call between the two leaders was set up by both sides in advance. Soon after that, Trump seemed to dig himself an even bigger diplomatic hole by tweeting (reading) interesting how the U. S.  sells Taiwan billions of dollars of military equipment, but I should not accept a congratulatory call.","So from his Twitter posts, it does seem like he's genuinely flummoxed about why his conversation with Taiwan's president was seen as such a big deal. On the other hand, though, it's certainly possible that this could have been a calculated signal that Trump's team of advisers was sending to China's leadership. It's important to mention here that Trump's advisers on China are a very hawkish group. They've written, in the past, about the importance of Taiwan. And it's likely they would approve of testing China's leadership like this.","Thanks very much, NPR's Rob Schmitz.","Thanks."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : thanking the NPR reporter, so it does not have a different actual meaning from its literal meaning. ","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue indicates that the NPR reporter was being interviewed?","answer":"turn2"}
{"text":["You're welcome.","Remind us, please, about some of the allegations facing Secretary Zinke because they have been building.","They have. One Washington-based ethics watchdog tallied 17 different investigations and controversies around Zinke. The one everyone will be - will remember are the really expensive doors. The Interior Department apparently spent $139,000 to replace three sets of doors. But the bigger issues were related to whether he had travel or financial dealings that were unethical or that favored industry and somehow benefited himself. Those are ongoing. And there was a concern or a thought, a very real likely concern, that congressional Democrats were going to take those ethical quandaries a lot more seriously and would be investigating when Democrats took over the House.","Yeah. So that might prompt the decision now in addition to any effect the president might want to have on the news cycle?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Secretary Zinke is involved in multiple investigations and controversies.","questions":"What was the Interior Department's expenditure on the replacement of three sets of doors?","answer":"$139,000"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me, Scott.","Let me begin with what's being called the tarmac summit. Bill Clinton, Attorney General Lynch happened to be at the Phoenix airport at the same time. And Bill Clinton arranged a private meeting, lasted about half an hour, with the attorney general. Your old colleague, David Axelrod, tweeted, quote, \"I take Loretta Lynch and Bill Clinton at their word that their convo in Phoenix didn't touch on probe. But foolish to create such optics. \"How helpful was it for Hillary Clinton, who's so widely seen as untrustworthy, to have her spouse meet with the attorney general while she's under investigation by the Justice Department?","I can't imagine there's one person in America, including in the Clinton campaign, who thinks that was helpful (laughter). But I - look, I think if Bill Clinton had to do it over again he probably wouldn't have walked over to the plane, seeing all the follow-up from the last couple days.","Does it raise a question about what you do with Bill Clinton during the campaign because he is, certainly on the one hand, often called the most talented politician of the modern era. On the other hand, you know, he's got a history of mischief."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  Implies disbelief in the official explanation for the meeting and wanting a better answer.","questions":"What was the reaction to David Axelrod's tweet about the meeting between Bill Clinton and Attorney General Lynch?","answer":"Followup"}
{"text":["That's right.","Their due, and they would make great traveling companions, you're saying. You know, we once had a piece of moss - we've done a show on moss before, and we got some samples of moss, and we've just stuck them out on the porch, and they lasted for years all by themselves just sitting there.","They do, they do.","Yeah, it's really interesting. Do they produce anything for humans?I mean if you took them along on the Mars trip, could you eat them?Why would you bring them along to Mars?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Asking for the purpose of bringing moss to Mars","questions":"Which planet?","answer":"Mars"}
{"text":["Well, so far, they've gotten houses in Jeddah, a city on the Red Sea in Saudi Arabia. They've also gotten monthly stipends, or monthly payments, of about $10,000 to $15,000 per month.","Although it sounds like, from your reporting, that's just the beginning. You report negotiations for possible larger payments. What would they be?","Yeah. So this is - this happens in sort of two stages. These were payments that were approved by the king late last year for the family. But going forward, you know, there are cases; there are prosecutions underway in Saudi Arabia. When those conclude, there would be an opening for discussions for far more money. And that's where you get into the real sort of blood money situation or scenario. Those could be millions and millions of dollars (inaudible). . .","Now, we should just underline that. I mean, we understand, from civil lawsuits in the United States, the idea of punitive damages. Blood money, I guess, is somewhat similar but also different. This is a way to wipe away a killing rather than the family of the victim having to seek revenge. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that \"blood money\" is a way to reconcile with the family of the victim without seeking revenge.","questions":"What is the purpose of blood money?","answer":"Reconciliation"}
{"text":["I agree. I was shocked - really shocked - when I found them. And then many things happened to me with Chopin through my life.","Such as?","Well (laughter), you're not going to believe this if you don't believe in the unknown normal. But I had a death mask of Chopin given to me. Some friends came over, and they said, what's that?I said, it's death mask of Chopin. That's what they used to do in those days. When someone died, they'd get someone to put wax on his face and make this death mask as a memorial. I took it off - down. I said, please be careful with it because it's, you know, very unique. There are only two or three in the world. My wife was there. My son was there - he was about 17 - and these two friends. And, suddenly, a fluid started coming out of one of the eyes. And I put my hand into this fluid, and it was salty. So I guess there was no question in my mind these were tears. What I felt was that Chopin was happy that he could communicate somehow with the current world.","You know, I learned one thing. People who are negative about these kinds of unknown normal things - they will never change. They'll always find another way that it could've happened or try to find another way that it could've happened. But I just give up try to convince them because they won't ever be convinced. The ones who are skeptics - once they hear about it, they say, oh, actually, it's real."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"shocked - really shocked\" is a figurative way of expressing the speaker's strong emotional reaction.","questions":"How did the speaker feel when they found \"them\"?","answer":"Shocked"}
{"text":["The other thing that we're doing is making a mouse that has Beatrice's exact genetic variant so that we may be able to recapitulate what Beatrice has so - you know, with the muscles and that sort of thing - and then study that mouse in great detail. And also. . .","You're - I mean, you're making an actual, physical, fur-covered mouse?","Yeah. In fact, I just saw a picture of four of the pups today. They carry Bea's identical variation. Mice live to be 2, and so if they develop heart problems or vascular problems or other problems, we'll be able to know that - if we're not able to find other Beatrices.","A lot of people, I gather, are very happy for you and certainly, for Beatrice, but is this necessarily a good example for other families that have a sick child?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The listener is surprised that the speaker is creating an actual, physical mouse with Beatrice's genetic variant for research purposes.","questions":"How is the PersonB reacting to the PersonA's plan to create a mouse with Beatrice's genetic variant for research purposes?","answer":"Surprised"}
{"text":["Yeah, it was. And you know, people did everything from bringing full-on sleeping bags to wearing what looked like, you know, fall clothes for a stroll in the park. People had very different strategies about what they were going to bring. They had very different understandings of what the security lines would let them bring in. There were huge piles of debris afterwards from things people couldn't bring onto the Mall. You know, it was organized chaos. I mean, it went off really smoothly considering, but there was certainly moments where people didn't completely know what to do, but there was no one who I've heard of who had a bad time. The only time that things are bad here is when you're trying to catch a taxi because there aren't any.","Well, you know, Metro police said there were no arrests, at least initially, as a result of all those people being there, which is remarkable in and of itself. You could have that large a crowd and everyone be that well behaved.","People were amazing. I saw these young brothers last night, and they were like, where's the Mall?And this is one o'clock in the morning. And I went, oh, there's not going to be any parking over there. They're like, we just drove from Chicago. Where's the Mall?I was like, that way. So, people just brought their A-game.","All right. Farai, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People were determined and enthusiastic despite the late hour and lack of parking.","questions":"Which brothers did the speaker see last night?","answer":"Young"}
{"text":["Like what, as you see it?","Well, there are a few things. First of all, ABC did try to get the case dismissed in the early going and the judge declined to do that. They tried to remove the case to federal court, which is a pretty well accepted strategy. But they couldn't remove it to federal court. So they were going to end up trying the case, really, in the plaintiff's backyard. So I think that those were risks combined with the fact that there's obviously a great deal of sort of free floating anti-media sentiment out there these days, which is hard to quantify. And the amount that was being requested by the plaintiff was, you know, billions, literally, billions of dollars.","Does a large settlement like this just embolden other people to sue media companies?","Well, I think that after we see a large verdict or a large settlement, we do tend to see an uptick. Many plaintiffs and their lawyers think that maybe media entities are easy get-rich-quick targets. I think that's a mistake."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People may view media entities as easy targets for lawsuits in order to make a quick profit.","questions":"Which entities may be viewed as easy targets for lawsuits to make a quick profit?","answer":"Media"}
{"text":["I can do it either way.","There are two different puzzles. You know, they are the dominant forms of matter and energy in the universe. Roughly speaking, dark matter accounts for about 25 percent of the universe, and dark energy 70 percent with the stuff you and I are made of, weighing in at 4. 5 percent. And, you know, dark matter holds things together. Dark matter holds together our galaxy, and it's the dark energy that's causing the expansion of the universe to speed up. So they're doing very different things. But as you alluded to, they're both big mysteries and who knows?They might be related.","We think that in terms of the puzzles that were at different stages, as long as we're talking about the LHC, one of cosmology's big hopes is that the LHC stands for dark matter factory. Let's see, I guess those letters don't quite work. Maybe in some language they do. But we're hoping that the LHC, after it finds the Higgs, will actually find the dark matter particle so that this mystery that started some 70 years ago with Fritz Zwicky will be finished off and that we will have identified the dark matter. The dark energy is one of those puzzles where, who knows, it could get solved this decade, but my hunch is it will be another 30 years or maybe even longer.","Are you saying that the Large Hadron Collider can actually make dark matter?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker is using the phrase \"dark matter holds things together\" and \"dark energy that's causing the expansion of the universe to speed up\" in a figurative sense, rather than a literal one. Dark matter and dark energy are not literally holding physical objects together, but rather their gravitational effects are causing certain phenomena in the universe.","questions":"Which effect of dark matter is holding our galaxy together?","answer":"Galaxy"}
{"text":["Well, and how does Barack Obama come out of all this?","If you read the charges, he comes out shining. He and his aides would not play at all with the governor. In fact, it drove the governor to distraction, and he created these fountains of profanity when he thought about what President-elect Obama was willing to give him for the Senate seat, which is to say nothing. And so he was quite angry that he wasn't getting anything out of the Obama camp.","When President-elect Obama was asked about this, though, his answer was not that nourishing. He said that he didn't know anything that was going on. That's excessively vague. His good friend, Valerie Jarrett, was up for the post. He appeared to be pushing her. So it's hard to believe that he would know nothing about that.","There was a little confusion also about whether he had talked to Blagojevich about his successor. David Axelrod, a top strategist for Obama, had at one point said that the two had talked. It then came out that Axelrod said he was mistaken. They had not talked. So we know the two never talked about it, but still open is the question of what exactly Obama knew about this pay-for-play scheme that Blagojevich was running."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implication is that Barack Obama may have been involved in the Blagojevich scandal.","questions":"Which scandal's involvement is being questioned regarding Barack Obama?","answer":"Blagojevich"}
{"text":["Reading this book, the thing that always shone through was that you never took no for an answer. You talk about, despite all your successes, always feeling like you might never be good enough, or that people were judging you. And yet, you always sort of came back swinging, sometimes literally.","I love the word no (laughter). Because of the ADD and the dyslexic, I couldn't follow anyone's formula at all. So no to me was the yes that I needed to hear. And I wanted to succeed so I could grow my team and grow my staff as well. And a lot has to do about Boston in general. I wanted to be somebody, you know?I think so.","Barbara Lynch - her book is called \"Out Of Line: A Life Of Playing With Fire. \"Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Here, the speaker implies that they have a unique perspective on the word \"no\" due to their personal challenges with ADD and dyslexia. The literal meaning of \"no\" is a negative response or rejection, but the speaker sees it as a positive thing because it drives them to find alternative paths and overcome obstacles. It signifies resilience and determination in the face of adversity.","questions":"Which word does the speaker with ADD and dyslexia see as a positive thing?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["The British travel company Thomas Cook has collapsed. The company coordinates packaged tours, or rather they did coordinate packaged tours. They're going out of business immediately, leaving hundreds of thousands of travelers stranded overseas. The British government says getting a total of 150,000 British nationals home will require the biggest peacetime repatriation operation that Britain has ever conducted.","Daniel Thomas is the executive news editor of The Financial Times. He's covering this story from London. Welcome to the program.","Good morning.","How does a 178-year-old company close overnight?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when a company collapses, it means they went out of business.","questions":"What happened to Thomas Cook?","answer":"Closed"}
{"text":["Yeah. It's just pretty much everything.","Yeah.","But overall, is this space open to entrepreneurs of color?This space - meaning online social networking. Is there still room for new innovation?","Yeah. I think that's a great question and it absolutely is. I mean if anything, what we've seen now and what I've been preaching is that we need to start being more niche. More niche-focused is actually the better. So we come from a long way of having these broad sites that would just aggregate a whole bunch of people and just be this commercialized area to now to seeing real value and having super niche sites. It's kind of this whole thing that goes back to this idea of the long tale having fewer people that may be really passionate about a certain thing, than having a lot of people that may not really ultimately be interested."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Entrepreneurs of color may face challenges in the online social networking space","questions":"How do niche-focused sites add value to the online social networking space for entrepreneurs of color?","answer":"Value"}
{"text":["And that would work quite well.","Her instructions are easy. Mush up your beans, mixing in lemon, oil, salt and cumin. Then add the garnish. Through the magic of radio, we'll fast-forward to the important part.","Now you can taste and see if the seasoning is right.","Taste and see. Wow, it's flavorful."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is important to taste the food to ensure proper seasoning","questions":"Which step in the recipe guarantees the proper seasoning?","answer":"Tasting"}
{"text":["That's where I went to school.","You went to Fremont?","I went to Fremont High School, I did.","Oh, my goodness. So, you know, East 14th is now called International Boulevard, and you lived in two very different worlds in that part of Oakland. Tell me a little bit about the best and worst of both sides.","Well, I lived my - after my parents divorced, my mother remarried a guy who made us be in that religion that rhymes with tehova's sitnesses (ph)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Confirming that the person went to Fremont High School.","questions":"Which high school did the person attend?","answer":"Fremont"}
{"text":["Pretty soon the island will be a donut.","In other words, there'll be land surrounded by a hole filled with water.","Oh (laughter). Is it hard for you to go back to Martha's Vineyard as a visitor?","We went back a year ago, June, for a wedding of a young woman who'd been one of the children who had kind of grown up at our house. And going to that wedding really helped me feel a lot of peace about the island and about no longer having the same purchase on it because I realized that my psychological purchase is as real - maybe not as real as owning a piece of property, but it has a great deal of reality for me. Basically, I think that when the house was being sold, I was just so - I found that summer of 2014, I was in a state of what I call extreme mixed feelings. I felt very sad about losing the house."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 3: Is it hard for you to go back to Martha's Vineyard as a visitor? - This implies that the person is no longer a resident of Martha's Vineyard, and is now visiting as a tourist or guest.","questions":"Which island did the person mention in the dialogue?","answer":"Martha's-Vineyard"}
{"text":["Might give them a viral moment on YouTube.","It could, indeed, give them a viral moment on YouTube. So that's part of the game that's being played. But what the Democrats are trying to do here is educate the public about what this president did and how he did it. And they've got a witness who has impeccable credentials. I don't think the Republicans are going to try to undercut this man. He is one of them. And he served his country. And he did this not because he was looking for a job. He did it because he thought somebody had to do it.","Well, let's get down to the prognostication part of this conversation. Robert Mueller has been pretty plain about how he doesn't want to testify and has nothing to say beyond the report. Do you support his logic?","Well, you know, there've been some very powerful commentary about his position. A former deputy solicitor general, deputy attorney general, a fellow by the name of Donald Ayer wrote a rather sharply worded piece kindly but clearly saying that Mueller had a duty to actually go beyond the four quarters (ph) because of what's happened. Attorney General Barr has tried to discredit his work. He's actually belittled his work. And as Ayer says, you know, this man's got to step up and defend his work and not be rolled over. I think he'll do that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"that's part of the game that's being played.\" meaning that the function of how politics work. ","questions":"Which aspect of politics is being referred to in turn 1?","answer":"Politics"}
{"text":["I think that for, me Hillary is a policy wonk. I'm focused on public policy, and I'm thinking about action and thinking about what people say, how they present themselves, and whether or not they sound really credible on hardcore concrete ideas and proposals. And she just emerges as that person for me.","So, Congresswoman, why did you change your mind?","Combination of things. We've been through a campaign period. Barack Obama has paid some dues, and he's rebuilt himself. We got to know a bit more about him. He is talking about issues. The campaign has done what campaigns are supposed to do, and that is to help the public get to know the candidate, what they stand for, what they're willing to do, and whether or not they are tough enough to stay the course. He has met the test. He's paid his dues. He's got the numbers, and he should be the nominee.","Now, we saw a lot of members of the congressional black caucus either switch their superdelegate vote or at the last minute declare, when they were undeclared. What do you think that was about?Why was there this, you know, even before the final election votes were in, why was there this rush to say, you know, to declare?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Obama has demonstrated his credibility and is qualified to be the nominee.","questions":"What did the campaign do for the public?","answer":"Know"}
{"text":["There are several photographs of Wolfert in the book wearing an apron. What's written on the apron is - keep calm and follow the recipe. Now, she is known for being able to remember recipes in great detail and tasting something and knowing what's in it. You make the recipes in the book very detailed with very clear instructions and accurate measurements - more detailed than her books were, as I recall. Why'd you do that?","Her cookbooks assume a high degree of cooking experience. Her biggest audience were professional chefs. And she basically wrote her books for them. I wanted to let anybody cook these. Obviously, couscous is one of the most difficult recipes in the book. We chose most of her most accessible recipes so that you could discover the wonderful flavors of pomegranate molasses or sumac. Or - we wanted everyone to be able to enjoy the incredible layered and truly unforgettable flavors of the best Paula Wolfert recipes.","Well, let's get back to our country and this weekend. This is the Thanksgiving holiday. So I'm going to ask you for a recommendation for a post-Thanksgiving antidote.","Absolutely. The cracked green olive relish, which is from southeastern Turkey, is a terrific palate cleanser. And it uses wonderful fall foods like pomegranate seeds. And you just want to be careful making it because you'll never want to stop making it. It's so good."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : An antidote is a cure for all disease which is funny that an antidote can make the fatigue from eating Thanksgiving disappear. ","questions":"Which recipe does PersonA recommend as a post-Thanksgiving antidote?","answer":"Olive"}
{"text":["An investigation by the U. S.  Park Police and the FBI found that Mr.  Foster committed suicide. We turn now to Joe Klein. He's a political columnist for Time magazine and, of course, author of \"Primary Colors,\" the 1996 bestseller that featured a charming, philandering rogue of a southern governor and his proud, smart and oft humiliated wife - wonder what inspired that. Is Bill Clinton's personal history a legitimate campaign issue?","No, I don't think so. I mean, we've been through this time and time and time and time again. And there's so many legitimate campaign issues out there. I think that it's kind of a way for Donald Trump to steal a new cycle, as they say these days. I do think that there's an interesting debate going on within the Democratic Party about Bill Clinton's substance of record in the '90s. But that's a different thing.","Tactically, do you see it as a wise campaign issue on Trump's part?","I think people are going to get tired of it. You know, this sort of stuff worked in the Republican primaries. I think that people are entertained by his antics. It remains to be seen whether people are going to vote on him. I mean, you have to understand that we've never seen a candidate like Donald Trump before."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Donald Trump's use of Bill Clinton's personal history to distract from legitimate campaign issues is not an effective strategy","questions":"How is Donald Trump's use of Bill Clinton's personal history perceived according to turn 1?","answer":"Ineffective"}
{"text":["And you do say us. You believe that you've been complicit in some small ways, too.","Of course. I believe that everybody has. I tell a story in the piece about a former colleague of mine who did not harass me but who I saw harass other people. And at a later job, that colleague, I was told, was going to be brought on. And I made this stand. No, I will not work with him. But I was on a leave at the time. And I was told - OK, it'll just be temporary. By the time you get back from your leave, he'll be gone. And he was.","However, when I got back from that leave, there were younger employees who came to me afterwards and told me that he had messaged them inappropriately. So you know, here I was thinking, actually, that I was, you know, doing the right thing by raising my voice in concern. But in fact, in doing it only, in some ways, on my own behalf, I failed to protect the others - younger women - from that kind of behavior.","Some of the allegations against prominent men - and be they Harvey Weinstein or Roy Moore or James Toback or President Trump or Al Franken - are 10, 20, even 30 years old. Should some of the women who defended President Bill Clinton from allegations of sexual misconduct in the '80s and '90s reassess the support they gave him now?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) The literal meaning of this turn is that A failed to protect others, but the actual meaning is that A was only concerned with protecting themselves.","questions":"Which aspect of PersonA's behavior failed to provide protection to others?","answer":"Protection"}
{"text":["And what kind of station wagon was it?We had a Rambler.","It's an old Ford.","And old Ford, yeah.","Old Ford, you know, with the wood paneling."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A confirms B's statement without acknowledging the age of the car.","questions":"How did PersonA respond to PersonB's description of the car?","answer":"Confirms"}
{"text":["Yeah, I was looking for connection - that kind of familial intimacy that I just still didn't have. As a teenager, I went out into the world armed with my guitar and my little songs and my aggressive eye contact. And I was looking to connect with somebody else deeply.","It's so interesting - right?- that you did. You craved it. And as a result, you really looked for people's eyes. You wanted that moment of intimacy. Was it because you felt like you were an outsider in some way?","I was lonely. And yet I realized something - recording the audiobook. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : As a teenager, A was seeking connection and intimacy with others","questions":"How was PersonA feeling as a teenager?","answer":"Seeking"}
{"text":["We're talking with NPR foreign correspondent Deborah Amos, with us from our bureau in Beirut. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. But does that suggest that people believe that some sort of conference, some sort of agreement will freeze things in place, at some point?","Well, maybe if we get to Geneva 10 as many. . .",". . . analysts talk about here.","Not funny, but it's funny."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The agreement will cause things to come to a halt with no further changes.","questions":"What will happen after the agreement?","answer":"Freeze"}
{"text":["Joining me now is Christoph Schott, who directed that report for Avaaz. He's on the line from Brussels. Hi, there.","Hi, there. Good to be here.","Good to have you with us. So give us some examples. What kind of things did you find?","We found a very, very large set of different type of content from actual disinformation. We saw, for example, a video of migrants destroying a police car, viewed 10 million times, when, actually, that was out of a movie - years old. And people kind of got a misrepresenting, like, picture of reality where they thought this type of content, both very hateful or, actually, outright lies, is very popular in the community. And that's what really concern us - that these disinformation networks out there share this content so far and wide so quickly that it reaches millions of millions of Europeans every single day.","Right. I mean, you found it was reaching people in Germany and Spain and France, Italy, the United Kingdom - all over Europe."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Disinformation networks are spreading false and hateful content rapidly","questions":"Which type of content did Avaaz find in their report?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Well, we had some great conversations about what it took to play the position. And you know, Bob Watson, who started out as a catcher, was one of the committee members. Phil Niekro, Bert Blyleven and Don Sutton, Pat Gillick, all pitchers, all Hall Famers, were really able to add a lot of insight to what it must have been like.","And the other - one of the main things we talked about was just how they played much shorter schedules in the 1870s. So when you look at career statistics, that's a huge distortion. Deacon White ended up with 2,000 career hits, but he was playing in a - in an average of 40, 50, 60-game schedules a year. So there was no way to generate the kind of career milestones that we look at as benchmarks today. You know, 3,000 hits would be all but impossible. And 2,000 was a terrific accomplishment.","And the number of errors he recorded even as a great defensive catcher would have been, you know, totally unacceptable by today's standards.","Oh, exactly. Yeah. And again, an issue where we had to really sort of look at what - compare him to people from his own era. And when we did that, you know, it became really obvious just how much he stood above his contemporaries.","Are the records from those days good enough that you have reliable accounts of who was good and who was great?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Comparing a player's skill to their peers is important when assessing their historical impact.","questions":"What was the key point discussed in turn 3?","answer":"Assessing"}
{"text":["Shelter in place. Stay away from windows. Maybe get in a reinforced room like a bathroom, something with no windows. The building I'm in - we're retreating to the inner corridors right now. And there's a stairwell inside that - we have some kids with us. We're putting the kids in there. We're putting pets in crates in bathrooms - just to get to the safest part of the building you're in. Stay away from the windows. And wait for the winds to go down.","Just to give us a little bit of context, you know, how have the Keys weathered major storms in the past?Is - how does this hurricane fit into the history of Key West and its exposure to storms?","Yet to be seen. But to me, it looks like the most serious one since the 1935 Labor Day hurricane, which was a Category 5. It went across Islamorada. In the upper Keys, it took out the overseas railway, and it killed more than 400 people. So Key West has seen other impacts since then. Wilma, in 2005, sent about a 5, 6-foot storm surge over the islands - and not just U. S. , a lot of the Keys. So that was a pretty serious impact. But nothing like this - not a Category 4.","Nancy Klingener of member station WLRN. We'll be checking in with you, we hope. Please stay safe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.","questions":"Which corridor are they retreating to?","answer":"Inner"}
{"text":["Well, I think it's been a historical thing. It's not a new thing. Mental illness has always been a mystery. And in ancient times, it was considered to be some kind of supernatural phenomenon, demon possession. In the modern era, meaning the beginning of the 19th century, there was an effort to consider mental disorders as illnesses. But then when researchers attempted to see what the pathology of the illness was in individuals who, when they were living, were ill - when it came to mental illnesses, they couldn't find anything. And I think then what happened is that in the desperation of psychiatrists who, by and large, were the custodians of asylums - as an alternative, people sought treatments, but the treatments turned out to be in retrospect pretty barbaric. And it's only really been in the last 50 years that psychiatry has established a scientific foundation for itself and developed treatments that truly work beyond a shadow of a doubt and are safe. But the lulled attitudes still persists.","Yeah. No name is bigger still, in a way, than Sigmund Freud. What did he get right, and what do we now know was not as helpful?","Well, Freud is undisputedly a towering figure and the most famous person in the history of psychiatry. And in the absence of any scientific theory of mental illness, he introduced concepts that were completely novel to civilization and endure today as valid and have really been given new life in the context of cognitive neuroscience.","What did he get wrong?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"he introduced concepts that were completely novel to civilization and endure today as valid\" - This phrase is not meant to be taken literally. It means that Freud's theories and concepts were groundbreaking and still have relevance and influence today, not that they are literally the only valid concepts in the field of psychiatry.","questions":"How would you describe the enduring impact of Freud's concepts in psychiatry?","answer":"Groundbreaking"}
{"text":["Well, it's a heck of a lot more. So the total incentive package, when you include some training grants and other things like that, is $7 million over 10 years that they're being offered now. What critics are complaining about is that it appears from a certain perspective that the state is essentially rewarding Carrier, even as it ships some of the jobs to Mexico anyway. From another perspective, they're retaining, you know, a thousand jobs at least. And those jobs do produce revenue for the state through state income taxes and sales tax, and the state would argue that it - and Mike Pence would argue - that they come out ahead still on that.","I'm wondering if that doesn't make sense to you, given the fact that if those employers just left the state, there'd be no tax revenue for the state of Indiana to tap, and even more people losing jobs.","This is the gray area of economic development. You know, how many of these workers would find other jobs in this state?And in terms of these incentives, you know, these don't even appear to be the primary factor in Carrier's decision to keep these jobs here.","Is it felt that the most persuasive argument was the fact that United Technologies, which is the parent company of Carrier is a federal contractor and needs to have good relations with the federal government, which Mr.  Trump's about to head?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :   The incentives offered may not be the primary factor in Carrier's decision, indicating that other factors, such as good relations with the federal government, may be more influential.","questions":"What factor may be more influential in Carrier's decision according to turn 3?","answer":"Relations"}
{"text":["'Cause there are a lot of industries now that can point to the fact that they are using fewer people to sometimes produce even greater revenues.","Well, that's what using fewer people will sometimes do. It certainly will - using fewer people will increase the productivity of the people that you are using. And we had been living through an age where we are adapting to a transformative technology - the Internet. I mean, this has enormous effects on the workplace. But, you know, I'm a mere writer. I wouldn't even know how to begin to answer the question you just asked; how much of this is a fundamental shift in the economy and how much of it is a result of the way we've led our financial lives?","Michael Lewis, what should, in your mind, Americans learn from the financial crisis in Europe?","The thing that has interested me the most is the role of the big financial institutions in our economy. I think over the period of the last several decades, they have spun out of control; that they are too big to fail, which means that the normal sort of mechanism of a market economy is not allowed to work in a financial sector. That normal mechanism is creative destruction. It's, you know, someone builds a better one and the old one dies. And I would have thought the big lesson from the period of 2007, 2008 is that we can't really build an economy based on such institutions. It's like building your house on sand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A's statement \"It's like building your house on sand\" is a metaphorical expression, implying that an economy based on big financial institutions is unstable and likely to collapse. The actual meaning is not about building a physical house on sand, but rather using it as a comparison to convey a message about the inherent instability of such an economy.","questions":"How did PersonA describe an economy based on big financial institutions?","answer":"Unstable"}
{"text":["So, you're skeptical about a car czar. You think that there should be loans, though, with strict provisions attached to them.","Right, right.","What else?What else needs to be done?I mean, this is a massive, massive problem, and two of the three are facing extinction at this point.","Don't forget, what's putting them in this condition is the economic, you know, the economic condition of the nation right now. But the kind of fixed-cost structure that these auto companies have is massive, massive losses that have to do with what's happening to demand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The current economic situation requires more than loans to help the auto companies - other measures must be taken.","questions":"How do the auto companies need to be helped besides loans?","answer":"Other"}
{"text":["Hi, Lulu. Thank you so much for having me.","It is an absolute pleasure to have you. Let's talk through this. There's already been some diversity in the emoji world. We have different skin tones included in emoji form. But why do you think an afro should be included too?","I think an afro should be included too because there's an entire community of people - black, Afro-Latinx, diasporic. We were just talking about the do for others. It's a lot of people that have hair that grows up, forward and spherically and, you know, defies gravity. And there's been - and there's just been a big dearth and lack of representation of natural hair and Afro hair in the media. And I think the lack of Afro hair in our keyboards is a subtle but constant reminder of that. You know, we're a world that interacts largely in digital spaces. And emoji are this universal language of self-expression and kind of the closest way to, really, inject our personality into our conversations. And the fact that a very large community and culture of people has no reflection of themselves in those conversations is something that I'm trying to change.","Describe the emoji for us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's not a pleasure but the person is just being polite during the interview.","questions":"Which turn implies that the interviewer is not really enjoying the presence of the interviewee?","answer":"Polite"}
{"text":["And it's interesting. As you talk about this, the catcher today has regained some of that reputation from those days.","I think so. I think the catcher's toughness is really recognized. And also, the catcher's unique position, as somebody who's part of the offense and part of the defense, plays a key role in what the pitcher throws and the pitcher's ability to throw, you know, particularly balls in the dirt, which are very hard.","You know, if you don't have a good catcher back there, then the whole team is lost. And so I think the catcher has really started to regain the reputation of being a key contributor to both, and I think that's why so many great managers are former catchers.","We've been talking about Deacon White, the newest member of baseball's Hall of Fame. Baseball historian Peter Morris, thanks very much for your time today."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The catcher is tough and plays a crucial role in the pitcher's success.","questions":"What position is recognized for its toughness and key role in the pitcher's success?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Many political figures tweeted thoughts and prayers just after last week's church murders in Texas. Just as immediately, there were many sharp responses. Wil Wheaton, the actor and writer who has more than 3 million Twitter followers, wrote Speaker Paul Ryan, the murdered victims were in a church. If prayers did anything, they'd still be alive - and added an expletive. Mr.  Wheaton later tweeted an apology for insulting what he called real people of faith.","David French joins us now, a senior writer for National Review, a Harvard law graduate. He received the Bronze Star for his Army service in Iraq. And Mr.  French, on this Veterans Day, thank you very much for being with us.","Well, thank you so much for having me. I appreciate it.","You wrote this week that for people of faith, including those who were in that church, prayer is, in fact, a powerful response. How so?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are implying celebrities do not care about murders ","questions":"Which type of celebrities are being suggested to not care about murders based on Turn 0?","answer":"Celebrities"}
{"text":["Well, I think one of my roles - at least the way I pretty much defined my life and work for 35 years in the academy and was quite lucky in serendipitous ways began teaching at Yale at the time of the moment that's now considered, I guess, the revolutionary moment at Yale with the Black Panthers and Bobby Seale and Erica Huggins and others.","So, I always saw a kind of resistive undercurrent in the university even at its Ivy League level. And I've tried to identify myself in the academy with that resistive undercurrent. And I've tried to maintain an integrity of my public appearances and what I write that never refuses to look at the fact that racism, in my estimation, is more rampant in the United States and globally than ever before.","One can say is the glass half-full or half-empty. I think that's mere casuistry. It seems to me that the glass is empty for the majority of Americans now, not just black Americans, and it's not near any liquid refreshments source that I know of, the foreclosures, the economics of the present time, the war.","It seems to me that Henry Louis Gates Jr.  and Cornel West made a deliberate turn at a certain point in their career and decided, in the case of Mr.  Gates for example, that he was not going to do another profoundly brilliant book in his\u2026","Well, professor, I'm sorry, we have to wrap this up. There's a lot there, but thank you so much, Professor Baker."],"speaker":["A","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : And I've tried to identify myself in the academy with that resistive undercurrent.\" Implicated meaning: The speaker aligns themselves with the idea of resisting systems of oppression and inequality within the academic world.","questions":"What idea does the speaker align themselves with in the academy?","answer":"Resisting"}
{"text":["The billionaire financier Jeffrey Epstein has been taken into federal custody related to sex trafficking. According to The Daily Beast, who first reported this story, Epstein was arrested yesterday and will appear in court tomorrow to be charged in connection with sex trafficking minors. This comes more than a decade after accusations first surfaced that Epstein had paid dozens of young girls for sex. But he avoided federal criminal charges and significant prison time in a plea deal that continues to draw criticism for its lenient terms. For more on this, we called Pervaiz Shallwani, one of the Daily Beast reporters who broke this story. And he's with us now.","Thank you so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me.","And I'm just going to start by saying that the details may be disturbing to some listeners because this does involve accusations about the treatment of young girls. So, having said that, Pervaiz, as briefly as you can, what are the allegations that first surfaced against Epstein in 2007 and 2008?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is expressing his appreciation and gratitude for the guest taking the time to be on the show.","questions":"What is the reason for PersonB thanking A?","answer":"Guest"}
{"text":["Well, that's a big part of the checkout of the - what we're doing for the first month or so is just going through and sort of systematically checking out each part of the rover, all of the science instruments, the basic mobility, capability, the arm, the different pieces just to make sure everything is okay after the voyage to Mars.","And then we'll start doing the science mission and really, in earnest, you know, start exploring the area around Bradbury's Landing. It's - in the case of ChemCam, we also get the benefit with the laser that we were actually able to do some early science measurements, as well. And so, as part of the checkout, we got science data in addition.","Do you have a rock in mind that you want to zap in earnest?","We did, yeah. Well, we actually zapped pretty much the area right around where the rover landed. And it's actually interesting to the scientists because the plume of the rocket engines actually, sort of, scoured out an area on both sides of the rover, which normally Mars is covered, all the surface area is covered, with a lot of dust."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies that some science data were also gotten as a result of the inspection of equipment.","questions":"How did they acquire additional data during the checkout process?","answer":"Laser"}
{"text":["Because banks are saying no, we can't do it?","Banks find the credit cards more profitable than traditional bank loans. Frequently they are able to charge, you know, much higher interest rates. Their interest rates are much more volatile. They can go from a 12 percent rate to a 30 percent rate because of any number of factors that may or may not be beyond the control of consumers and small business owners. You don't get charged for their percent on traditional bank loans.","So, are you getting calls from your membership and are they agitated?What are they saying to you?","I wouldn't say we've been getting a whole lot of calls right now. Mostly because I think - like I said, a lot of small business owners aren't quite sure what to think of the financial bailout. Also, a lot are hunkering down, trying to just weather the storm. And they're focused more on trying to run their business and, you know, make some sort of margin of profit with soaring energy costs and rising health care costs. And now all of this volatility, so they're just trying to, you know, weather through."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Small business owners are struggling to survive amidst rising costs and market volatility.","questions":"Which group is facing challenges due to increasing expenses and market instability?","answer":"Small-business-owners"}
{"text":["OK. So in a statement, the police lieutenant said that the investigation showed that the only true victim in this was the unborn baby. Is it common to see prosecutions of women for the unintentional death of fetuses that they are carrying?","It's becoming more and more common since the late 1980s, early 1990s, when prosecutors began to charge women for crimes for using drugs during pregnancy. That has spread out to include prosecutions of women who commit all sorts of conduct during pregnancy that harms a fetus. It's included attempting suicide. It's included driving drunk. It's included botching self-induced abortions. And many of us are saying it's gotten to a point where pregnancy itself is being criminalized because so many things that someone does while pregnant can be the basis of a criminal prosecution.","I was just trying to understand, like, what is the legal theory here at work?Is it that women who are pregnant have a higher duty to care?","It's that argument, and it's also the argument that the fetus is equivalent of a child, and therefore, all the laws that protect a child from parental maltreatment would apply to a fetus as well. I should mention most of these cases involve mothers who fail to protect their children from harm, including, in many cases, mothers who are themselves victims of domestic violence and then get charged with crimes for failing to protect their already-born children."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Pregnancy itself is being criminalized due to the broad scope of what actions can lead to a criminal prosecution","questions":"What is the argument behind the criminalization of pregnancy?","answer":"Legal-THEORY"}
{"text":["We get the impression from the reporting of our colleague Adrian Florido in Puerto Rico that this was - the protests that drove out the governor, they were a protest against the governor but really against the whole political system. And the descriptions you've just given of the various positions would seem to back that up. Does anybody have credibility to take the job?","I think there are people that do have the credibility and that have the experience. But I - it's not clear to me that political leadership has heard the message that has been delivered loud and clearly by the thousands, in some cases hundreds of thousands of Puerto Ricans that took to the street to let, you know, their distaste and their indignation known.","What do you mean they haven't heard the message - meaning that the political leadership doesn't understand how angry people are?","I think that that could be the case, and it is demonstrated by the fact that there are reports of backroom dealing over who could be that next secretary of state that could take over the governor's position."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : heard the message meaning seen what was meant by the actions of","questions":"How was the political leadership's response to the protests in Puerto Rico?","answer":"Unheard"}
{"text":["Asa, reading the article, it sounds like you wanted to get off after the first day.","I wanted to get off after about the third day. I realized once we had moved around a bit that the majority of the experience ended up being waiting, rather than getting on trains or riding them. And the other thing I found is that once you're on board, it's very loud. And even though I had expected to be talking to my father on board, it was really difficult to have conversation. We'd have to kind of shout at each other. And so most of the time I was lying. I'd be reading, or listening to music if possible. And the views we saw were incredible. Some of the most beautiful places I've ever been. But you can only take so much of just lying in the same place, especially when it's very loud and you have to wait on hot tracks for a train to come, not knowing if it's going to be there. And I had had about enough of that after the third day.","We should explain you guys slept in motels, too.","Yeah, that is true."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This turn does not mean that the speaker is proposing to explain that they slept in motels, but rather that they are suggesting to mention it as an additional piece of information to the conversation, which is a different meaning than the literal one.","questions":"Which turn suggests that the PersonA's intention is different from the literal meaning?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["The other thing that we're doing is making a mouse that has Beatrice's exact genetic variant so that we may be able to recapitulate what Beatrice has so - you know, with the muscles and that sort of thing - and then study that mouse in great detail. And also. . .","You're - I mean, you're making an actual, physical, fur-covered mouse?","Yeah. In fact, I just saw a picture of four of the pups today. They carry Bea's identical variation. Mice live to be 2, and so if they develop heart problems or vascular problems or other problems, we'll be able to know that - if we're not able to find other Beatrices.","A lot of people, I gather, are very happy for you and certainly, for Beatrice, but is this necessarily a good example for other families that have a sick child?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is using the mouse as a model to study Beatrice's genetic condition and potentially find treatments for it.","questions":"Which mouse?","answer":"Mouse"}
{"text":["Thanks so much for having me.","I think a lot of people are wondering how could it be that the families of people who are serving their country in the U. S.  armed forces need food assistance.","So when you come into the military, that compensation system has not kept up with how the force has changed and how military families have changed. You're no longer looking at, say, a 17 or 18 year old kid right out of high school with no family who's receiving that base-level pay, right?You're looking at, say, somebody in their late 20s who might have a couple of kids. Well, that income compared to his family size or her family size puts them at a place where they qualify for this food assistance.","What would the change in, as you see it, SNAP benefits mean for military families that receive that kind of assistance?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  A is explaining that the compensation system in the military has not kept up with the changing demographics of the military families. The literal meaning of the words is that military families with larger family sizes qualify for food assistance because their income is not sufficient. However, the implied meaning is that the military compensation system needs to be adjusted to match the changing demographics of the military families.","questions":"How is PersonA explaining the reason for military families' eligibility for food assistance?","answer":"Demographics"}
{"text":["Now, the beauty of this country, though, is that when you represent those groups, I'd say that they're just really upset with this administration for the things that you pointed out, this is why they get to participate in this process. Now, we have another election. And that's why I believe those who have the boldness and the courage to run for president should also have the boldness and the courage to go to stages that aren't typically their turf.","That is Bob Vander Plaats. He's the CEO of The Family Leader. That's a conservative political organization based in Iowa. He's issued invitations to the top seven polling Democrats to come and speak to his group in July. And he was kind enough to speak to us from Urbandale, Iowa.","Mr.  Vander Plaats, thanks so much for talking to us. Keep us posted about your plans, if you would.","Will do."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Represented groups are unhappy with the current administration but can still participate in the political process","questions":"Which political organization is Bob Vander Plaats the CEO of?","answer":"TheFamilyLeader"}
{"text":["So let me ask you because eating the supermodel of the fruit world doesn't sound like necessarily a bad thing. You've written a book about this kind of stuff, \"Bet The Farm: How Food Stopped Being Food. \"Is food part of the problem?Has it become less nutritious?Is it just good-looking and less good for us?","I think that the argument among the dietitians is that, yes, the higher sugar content is robbing food of a lot of its nutritional value. And I also think there is a tradition in America of somehow seeking perfection through our food, that somehow, if we eat right, we will make ourselves mentally and spiritually better. And so, of course, if we see row after row of perfectly glistening, absolutely gorgeous, completely look-alike apples, we think, yeah. I want that.","But fruit is still good for humans?","Of course, eat like your grandmother told you to eat - is probably the best advice."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The fruit is not a supermodel, it is just the perfect, good looking one of the crop.","questions":"How would you describe the appearance of the apples mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Glistening."}
{"text":["Correct.","And that's the idea?","That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.","Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied Meaning: Is there any pressure on President Kabila to step down or face consequences for his unconstitutional actions?","questions":"What consequences is President Kabila facing?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["Yes, this is sort of an old issue that the court dealt with about 10 or 12 years ago and sort of settled on a - and that sort of seemed like a compromised position, which was to say you could have a buffer zone around the entrance to an abortion clinic, so patients and doctors could go in and out, but the protestors could stand on the sidewalk and hold signs or protest.","And now the court's going to revisit a Massachusetts law that does something like that, and my impression - my sense of it is is that the conservative justices think this is a little bit unfair to abortion protestors, that they should be able to walk up to somebody on the sidewalk and say here's a pamphlet, or you should reconsider your decision. They're going to allow, I think, a little more leeway for sidewalk protestors to speak to patients.","Another case that will be also closely watched, NLRB versus Noel Canning, and that's about the president's power to so-called recess appointments.","Yes, that's a big sort of a political - in a sense, Washington political story. It's a big deal for the Obama administration because the House Republicans have used their minority and the filibuster rule to block a vote on a lot of Obama nominees for agencies like the National Labor Relations Board and this Consumer Financial Protection Board."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The buffer zone is an area where people can go in and out without coming in to contact with protestors.","questions":"How big was the buffer zone?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["I started the business as a hobby. I needed a break from the logical legal work that I was doing every day, and I decided as a creative outlet I'd like to start making spa products as a gift. I contacted a store in Canada, and they sent me some raw ingredients, taught me how to mix some things. I took them in to work, and people really liked them.","People often think of, say, Carol's Daughter, you know, and the spa-product industry being a woman's thing. But I also remember going down to cover Hurricane Katrina and there was a doctor, Dr.  Friedman, who - he and his sons would make soaps and things like that. What spoke to you about this business?Why did you want to do it?","I was looking for a sense of wellness, and I've always tried to take good care of myself. So, one of the things I would do is, I work very hard, but I also take good care of myself in a healthy way. So, one of the ways I do that is by going to spas. I've always been a fan of the product, and I was a great consumer of the product. So, in building my business, I knew exactly what I expected, as a high-end consumer, of the market.","Some people say, OK, spa items, beauty items, those are all things that people will cut in tough times. What have you seen in terms of the past year or so of your business?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Starting the spa business was a way to escape from monotonous work.","questions":"Which industry did PersonB mention when discussing the spa-product industry?","answer":"Spa-product"}
{"text":["So when he came home, how was he different in how he treated you, related to you, related to family life?","He's totally different. For one, Michael is very quiet. And since he returned, he's even distant, and it's causing a lot of problems in our marriage. And it's just - this war have caused a lot of stress on the wives and the families, they have to deal with these soldiers when they return.","What do you try to do with or for Michael to help him adjust?","I try everything in the world, and it seem like it don't help. Because he have a wall built up, and for one, we don't have enough help here. We only have one clinic that we can go to for counseling and therapy. And it's like two-hour drive away from where we live, so that's a major problem, too."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"He has a wall built up\" - The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. It implies that Michael has put up emotional barriers that prevent him from opening up or connecting with others, not that he has physically built a wall.","questions":"How is Michael emotionally?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Thanks very much, Sacha.","In her remarks, Ambassador Yovanovitch claims she was told that President Trump had lost confidence in her abilities and there was, quote, \"a concerted campaign against me and that the department had been under pressure from the president to remove me since the summer of 2018. \"Would you share your thoughts on her claim that the president targeted her before releasing her from the post?","It's an unusual situation for an American ambassador to be removed in any case. It doesn't happen very often. But this is a particularly important case because her central charge in her statement yesterday was that private individuals working with Rudy Giuliani had essentially circumvented her embassy and her position in Ukraine. They'd gone to the White House to make complaints about her that were totally unsubstantiated because she was standing up against corruption in Ukraine. The central point she made yesterday is that government really suffers and our country suffers when private individuals operating for private gain circumvent what is clearly in the interests of the United States.","For anyone who might argue that since the State Department is under the executive branch, the president should be able to fire and hire whomever he wants for whatever reason, how do you feel about that argument?","We serve at the pleasure of the president, so the president, of course, has the right to fire an ambassador. But we're a democratic country, and we're a country of laws. You don't fire an ambassador who is completely innocent. And to have this campaign launched against her, a 33-year veteran of the American Foreign Service - she served her country exceptionally well. I know her."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president insulted her before releasing her from her job.","questions":"What was the central charge made by Ambassador Yovanovitch in her statement?","answer":"circumvented"}
{"text":["He is now in Napa State Mental Hospital, he - until he is - can be fit to stand trial. He's been declared unfit to stand trial because of his, you know, he's psychiatrically unable to stand trial at this point. And so he's undergoing compulsory medication to try and get him ready.","And Oikos University, what's happened there, there was something of a decertification.","Yeah. This is a couple months ago, I think, and the school went above - went in front of the regulatory board because the nursing students were passing the statewide nursing exam, like the graduates were passing it at such a low rate. And I think they were put under probation for a while. And I think all of that has been cleared since, though.","And you went back to visit the school a couple of times, and I wonder, you know, the peace park is there, you went to that memorial service and reported five other people were there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated.","questions":"Which turn was hinted at or suggested but not directly stated?","answer":"turn3"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Well, we'll see what happens with the movie end of it.","Black Francis. He's written a new novel - if that's what you call it - together with Josh Frank and illustrated by Steven Appleby, \"The Good Inn. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks a lot. I really appreciate talking to you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"We'll see what happens with the movie end of it.\" This is an idiomatic expression that means they will wait and see how the movie turns out in the future, rather than simply observing it with their eyes.","questions":"What does turn 1 mean?","answer":"Future"}
{"text":["Well, the bubbles are held together by this sort of membrane of various things that surround the carbon dioxide that's making the bubble. And when you add something like too much detergent, somebody doesn't really wash out the glass well or some people even rub their nose and then put their finger down.","And this kills bubbles. And the oils - any type of oil, including the ChapStick, Vaseline, et cetera, will actually cause the bubbles to burst. It really destroys the surface tension - makes it uneven and the bubbles burst this way. So it's very interesting to see and it's very obvious on New Year's Eve, generally, women have less bubbles in their glass of champagne than men do for the obvious reason that women generally wear lipstick. On the other hand, this thing I just told you doesn't always work, because just like you can have second-hand smoke, Ira, you can have second-hand lipstick.","So try it out.","I'll tell you. What a pick-up line for New Year's Eve. I am doing a scientific survey of the lipstick around here. Let me ask you a few questions about your lipstick and your champagne. There's an opening."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is using the scientific survey as an excuse to flirt with the person they are talking to.","questions":"Which action is the speaker using as a pretext for flirting?","answer":"survey"}
{"text":["All right, Jeff, thanks a lot.","Thank you.","Geoffrey Bennett is the Web producer for NEWS & NOTES, and he joined me in our studios at NPR West.","Where were you a quarter-century ago when Michael Jackson's \"Thriller\" album switched up the pop-music game?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B's question \"Where were you a quarter-century ago when Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' album switched up the pop-music game?\" implies that the listener was alive and old enough to remember the release of \"Thriller\" 25 years ago, even though the listener's age or existence 25 years ago is not relevant to the question. The actual meaning is simply a rhetorical way of highlighting the significance of the album's impact on pop music.","questions":"How does PersonB's question imply the significance of \"Thriller\" album's impact on pop music?","answer":"Significance"}
{"text":["Well, the justification I think is a good one for nonprofit organizations like Scholarly Societies that really do operate on pretty much a cost recovery model. The commercial ventures, though, that have the profit margins in the 30 and 40 percent range, there really is no justification. They're profit-maximizing businesses, which is fine. The question is, should such businesses be built around information that's vital to the public's good and the public's health?","When these scholars do articles, who gets - do they get any of that money?","They're unpaid. The authors of these articles traditionally contribute the work of writing the articles, the work of reviewing and verifying the information, and they're not paid.","I can see why universities might feel that they were paying too much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker understands why universities might feel that they are paying too much. Implied Meaning: The speaker implies that universities are burdened with excessive costs, possibly related to the payment or compensation for scholarly articles, which prompts their concern about paying too much.","questions":"Which group does the speaker believe should not have a profit margin in the 30 and 40 percent range?","answer":"Commercial"}
{"text":["That's one of the projects, yeah, that I followed in the book. Can we build a limb that is basically indistinguishable from a natural arm?So if you're missing an arm, you get this new prosthetic that can sense and move and operate like a natural arm. And that's typically ambitious, and they call that DARPA-hard. Let's try something that just seems completely insane, totally, you know, crazy ambitious. And in that case, they didn't get there. They didn't quite get to that point, but they did get a lot of these technologies in motion for controlling a robot with mind power alone, for instance.","Yeah. How do they ensure that they keep getting new cutting-edge thoughts inside of DARPA?","That's one of the challenges, and that's one of the reasons I was able to write this book, too, because they need to get the word out. They need to find people out there who've got these ideas, who want to pitch them to DARPA. Or come to work for DARPA as a program manager because DARPA program managers, they all leave. After two to six years, they're gone. Their expiration dates are printed on their ID badges. So they've got this turnover, 25 percent every single year.","And they also have a deadline, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Developing a prosthetic that mimics natural arm capabilities is very challenging.","questions":"How ambitious is the project of developing a prosthetic that mimics natural arm capabilities?","answer":"ambitious"}
{"text":["They have an obligation to do what I have done my whole life. I came from a family that had nothing. I worked hard all my life. In fact, the way I made my living was representing the kind of people that I grew up with, people who didn't have much of anything, and fighting against very entrenched, powerful corporate interests. And we were able to win and be successful. I did well by doing good. And what we have a responsibility to do is to make sure we don't pull the ladder out from behind us.","That everybody gets - in fact, it's the core reason that I am running for president is to make sure that everybody in this country gets the kind of chances and opportunities that I've had in my life. That's what drives me every single day.","A lot of your supporters mention that you really have a commitment to ending poverty, but could there ever be an America with absolutely no poverty?What would that country even look like?","It would be a country where everybody has real economic opportunity. I mean, is there always going to be a circumstance where somebody could fall into poverty?Of course. I mean, because that's the real world. But if we do the things we need to do, we wouldn't have the kind of systematic, endemic poverty we have in America. I mean, we have 37 million people, which is roughly the population of California, who live in poverty every day in this country. It's not a small number."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In (1), the speaker talks about their life experiences, representing people who didn't have much and fighting against powerful corporate interests. The speaker believes that everyone should have the same opportunities and not have the ladder pulled out from behind them. The implied meaning is that hard work and fighting for justice can lead to success, and that it's important to ensure that everyone has equal opportunities.","questions":"How did the speaker make their living?","answer":"Representing"}
{"text":["That's why things spin, hurricanes and. . .","Yeah. . .",". . . spin in one direction.",". . . why everything spins. And it has to do with the fact that the Earth is rotating. So it's a physics problem.","So tell us, describe. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn 4: \"it's a physics problem\" is used figuratively to mean that the reason for everything spinning is related to the laws of physics, whereas its literal meaning is that it's a problem related to the field of physics.","questions":"How is \"it's a physics problem\" used in turn 4?","answer":"figuratively"}
{"text":["Is this situation just overshadowed by other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?","I think so. I think its a challenge that, you know, Uganda is the third largest refugee-hosting country in the world now, but I think most people dont realize that. When we think about refugees, we often think about the Syria crisis, which is the world's largest. We think about people who are crossing the Mediterranean. But we're not thinking about the now almost a million people who've crossed this land border into Uganda but have also fled from South Sudan into Kenya and Ethiopia and even into Sudan.","We're also in a situation where the administration has sent very limited aid budgets to Congress. And fortunately because the commitment that Congress continues to show, they've actually rejected those steep cuts to humanitarian aid and provided strong funding - robust funding for humanitarian assistance. But we need to see that funding really get out of the bank accounts in D. C.  and get out to the ground, where it's needed.","Has Uganda been been so welcoming?The international community has thought there's relatively little reason to get involved."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Is this situation just overshadowed by other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?  Implicated meaning: Is this situation being overlooked or given less attention compared to other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?","questions":"What is the third largest refugee-hosting country in the world?","answer":"Uganda"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. Staycation. It's one of those newfangled words that's caught on fast. A vacation is when you vacate. You take off, you stay in a hotel, or camp out, or see the sights. A staycation is - well, you got it. With soaring gas prices and plane tickets, this was supposed to be the summer of staying at home. But was that prediction off the mark?If you're thinking about traveling soon or for the winter holidays, what should you keep in mind?With us to talk about both of those issues we've got Madeline Nunn, senior travel agent with the Richmond, Virginia, branch of the American Automobile Association, or Triple-A. Hi, Madeline.","How are you?","I'm great. So, back in May, a Rand McNally survey found that two-thirds of Americans planning road trips this summer said they would shorten their trips or cancel them all together. Summer is wrapping up, so what actually panned out?","Well, actually, the staycation thing is sort of a myth, so to speak, because Americans are traveling. They're traveling because they are hard-working and they need the rest and the revitalization. They need this vacation. So, what we're finding is that they're not staying home, per se. Some are just staying a little closer to home. And sometimes they're limiting the length of time that they may take for this vacation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Staycation is a vacation taken close to home.","questions":"How would you define a staycation?","answer":"Vacation"}
{"text":["What is your heritage?- if I may ask.","I'm Mexican. But I wrote the story for my daughter, who is half Puerto Rican, half Mexican.","And did you have something like a moon ceremony growing up or did you wish you had one?When - what was the inspiration here?","Well, the inspiration began when my own daughter started to ask about her period, about her changing body as she grew into adolescence. And I wanted to reframe the conversation. I wanted to tell a different story to her. You know, my - I never had a moon ceremony. I wanted to have a moon ceremony. But like many women - Mexican women, many Latinx women who enter their periods with a certain amount of shame and silence. And I didn't want that to happen for my daughter. I wanted her to be grounded in our spirituality, our connection to the moon. And so we actually did give my daughter a moon ceremony."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : I Want to Celebrate Moon Festival for My Daughter Cause of My Heritage","questions":"How did the author want to reframe the conversation with her daughter?","answer":"Reframe"}
{"text":["I'll pull the lever.","So once you change the flow, and you don't need the stimulus, you don't need that storm anymore, you just try to wait for it to rebound, and that rebound could take weeks is what you're saying.","Exactly right. Right now we have a very meandering, very non-definitive jet stream, and so that's allowing a lot of this cold air to just kind of flow out of the poles down into the continental United States. And so until that circumpolar vortex re-establishes itself, that cold air is going to be free to spill out all across the planet. And depending upon where these dips in the jet stream occur, that's where the cold air will flow out.","And so I see a new cold event for the East Coast around the end of January, into February. It's going to be preceded by a very warm event, a very warm rain event, up into the 60s, and then as that wraps around that storm, we're going to get that cold snap behind it. So you're going to have a very dramatic change from February 1st, from like January 31st we'll be like 60 and rainy and then February 1st it's going to be in the single digits again and very cold."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to rebound means to change in a positive direction","questions":"What does \"rebound\" mean?","answer":"Increase"}
{"text":["The letters A-A-P-L no longer stand for the most valuable publicly-traded company in the world. The price for a share of Apple, Inc.  declined throughout the week, until Exxon reclaimed the top spot on the NASDAQ. Now, this news comes after Apple posted revenues that were lower than expected. And meanwhile, that other tech giant, Samsung, has been growing even larger. Samsung had a record-breaking report of its quarterly profits this week. Joe Nocera joins us - an op-ed columnist for the New York Times and financial expert. He joins us from Sag Harbor, New York. Joe, thanks for being with us.","Thanks for having me, Scott. And how the mighty have fallen.","Well, all right. First, let's take a measure of that. Exactly how huge was Apple last year?","Apple was by far the most valuable company in the world, far exceeding Exxon and everybody else. Its stock has tumbled not quite in half but it's basically gone from the low-700s to the mid-400s, and in the blink of an eyelash. It's really been very, very quick - the last maybe three months this has taken place.","Now, all of this, you know, being said, the reported profits this week are on the scale that a lot of companies would envy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"I don't think it's my place to say\" could imply that the speaker wants to avoid offending someone or getting involved in a situation they don't want to be part of.","questions":"How did the speaker possibly express their reluctance to participate in a particular situation?","answer":"Avoiding"}
{"text":["What are the problems in getting aid to arrive?","You know, and it's interesting to note - it's been, like, a week for a lot of these people because on Monday people started going into these shelters as it moved there. So, you know, for the people that are there, it's feeling really like it's been a long time.","There are still a lot of roads that are blocked going into some of these areas. These are remote areas. Some of them only had one road to begin with. Trees are down. Power lines have fallen across, so those are blocked. You know, they need to get the bulldozers in there in terms of clearing those roads so that access can actually get in there. So that is actually the biggest hold up in reaching what were really the hardest hit parts of Haiti.","And there must be concern about the spread of Zika, malaria, cholera and other diseases."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The main issue preventing aid from getting to the most affected areas is the blocked roads, caused by fallen trees and power lines. ","questions":"What is the biggest obstacle in reaching the hardest hit parts of Haiti?","answer":"Blocked"}
{"text":["You have more than one toe.","OK. Right now we don't have any big toes. A big toe was swallowed in 2013 on purpose. And then we were using the alternate toe, but that only lasted for about two and a half years and just literally fell apart. So now we're working on what we call the secondary toes next to the big toe. So we're looking for big toes. If anybody out there has an extra big toe, we would really like it.","And, apart from the toe, what exactly goes into a sour toe cocktail.","OK. According to Yukon Health, it has to be served in 80-proof alcohol. So that could be whiskey, rum, tequila. The traditional is Yukon Jack. Captain Dick Stevenson's favorite drink - he's the guy who started the toe in 1973."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) is that the toe must be served in a specific type of alcohol.","questions":"Which body part is the subject of the conversation in the dialogue?","answer":"toe"}
{"text":["We don't really know at this moment. But we do know that Director Comey has been under tremendous pressure ever since his announcement back in July. Republicans have been ripping him for not going further than his criticism of Secretary Clinton, which was quite strong, for her extreme carelessness.","And, you know, Donald Trump has been casting doubt on the legitimacy of the whole process. And here's the thing - the director might well have expected that if there is something being discussed internally at the FBI about these Weiner emails, whatever they are, that would become public at some point, whether he wanted that to happen or not. And he didn't want to appear to have suppressed them.","What's your estimation, as we speak today, on how this affects the presidential election in 10 days?","Well, let's start with the obvious, it's a tremendous boon to the Trump campaign. They've been thrown a life preserver of sorts. They had just had another week of mostly bad news, mostly down in the polls. We had just learned how far behind they are in terms of fundraising. We found out that the candidate himself had not contributed nearly as much money to the effort as he had promised back in 2015. And there was beginning to be something of an air of resignation about elements of the Trump campaign. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of (3) is asking what the effects will be of the FBI investigation on the election, while the literal meaning of the question is to ask for an estimation on the election in 10 days. ","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue discusses the impact of the FBI investigation on the Trump campaign?","answer":"3"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION, from NPR News. I'm Linda Wertheimer.","Wisconsin Congressman Paul Ryan is Mitt Romney's choice to be the next vice president. Mitt Romney's campaign made the announcement earlier this morning, calling the ticket America's Comeback Team. Romney and Ryan are expected to appear together, for the first time as a ticket, at an event in Virginia later this morning. And we will be broadcasting that event when it happens.","But for more on the choice, we're joined by NPR's Ari Shapiro, who is with the Romney campaign. Good morning, Ari.","Hi, Linda. We're just in line waiting to get into the motorcade to head to this event here in Norfolk.","Now, these scenes - set the scene for us. As is going to be quite a, I guess, a made-for-TV kind of an announcement.","Totally. It's going to be aboard a ship called the USS Wisconsin - perhaps a coincidence that Paul Ryan represents the State of Wisconsin in the House of Representatives. As you say, the comeback team, the two of them are going to appear for the first time as the ticket together, having campaigned quite a lot earlier together in the process, especially in the Wisconsin primaries, where they just had a great rapport - better, in many people's opinion, than any of the other surrogates."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the listener is being asked to visualize the scene of the Romney-Ryan announcement. However, the actual meaning is that the event is being presented as a carefully planned media spectacle designed to generate excitement and favorable media coverage.","questions":"How is the Romney-Ryan announcement being presented?","answer":"Media"}
{"text":["Well, yes. As you said, I'm at 17,000 feet in the Atacama Desert. And this place is wonderful for viewing because it's so high, so the - most of the atmosphere is - well, it's not most below us, but a lot of it is below us. And the air is very dry, and the wavelengths that people want to study, the stars and galaxies at - up here, there's very dry air, and the wavelengths are not - they're coming through clear because water vapor absorbs wavelengths that they're interested in, so they want to get as far away from water vapor as they can. So they're up high. And there's other places here besides the Atacama that are in the Andes - very high, very good viewing - or seeing, as they call it in astronomy.","And is that why, as you told us, that half of the world's major telescopes are in Chile?Is that why they're all there?","Well, yeah. It's because it's a great location. And the one I'm at right now is not one of the major telescopes. It's a smaller one. It's called CLASS - the Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor. And what it's doing is looking for signals, traces of the earliest moments of the universe that were laid down in something called gravitational waves. Those gravitational waves have a certain property known as a polarization, and it should be possible to see that polarization left behind in the wavelengths that they're studying at CLASS. That's what they're doing here.","So where else have you been on this trip?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Atacama Desert is a great location for viewing stars and galaxies because of its high altitude and dry air.","questions":"Which property of gravitational waves is CLASS looking for?","answer":"Polarization"}
{"text":["The banks can bring in their junky securities and swap them for cash or treasury bills. And that, on top of interest rate cuts, Bernanke thought would be enough to keep the financial system working until it healed itself. The strategy at the Fed was known as the finger in the dike strategy, keep the water out and eventually things will recover.","But obviously, you know things didn't work out like that. And in the spring, we had the great Bear Stearns crisis, and the Fed was forced to intervene to prevent them going bankrupt. Then, we had another few months where it seemed like things had stabilized, but this thing's like a disease. It goes away for a while, and then, you know, it comes back in a more virulent form.","In September, after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, you know, all hell broke out, basically. And since then, we've had a sort of slow motion collapse of the financial system.","Now, this entire crisis has really tarnished Alan Greenspan's legacy, and he even admitted that his basic economic philosophy is now changed. What about Ben Bernanke?Does he deserve the same criticism?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The collapse of Lehman Brothers caused chaos and accelerated the failure of the financial system.","questions":"What event triggered the acceleration of the failure of the financial system?","answer":"Lehman"}
{"text":["Yes. You know, you will talk to Republicans and Democrats who will make very passionate cases that the other party will be to blame in this shutdown. I think shutdown politics are tricky. For one, we have a recent one in memory. The 2013 shutdown was largely driven by Texas Senator Ted Cruz, a member of the Republican Party. Republicans were seen as responsible for that shutdown. They went on to win big in the following midterm elections.","So the idea that being seen as the party that shuts down government will have electoral consequences, I'm not so sure Democrats view it that way.","Yeah. And the last shutdown lasted 16 days.","It lasted 16 days. If this one lasts as long as that, we will also be in a very interesting situation because President Trump's State of the Union address is 10 days from now. And I - my mind. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In (2), the speaker implies that Democrats may not be concerned with being seen as the party responsible for the shutdown, even though it may have electoral consequences.","questions":"What did the speaker in (2) imply about Democrats and the possible electoral consequences of the shutdown?","answer":"Democrats"}
{"text":["I want to talk about government response, first from President Nicolas Maduro, but also from Venezuela's opposition leader, Juan Guaido.","Well, Maduro's representative in Geneva has called it biased and incomprehensible, this report. But at the same time, the U. N. 's saying the Maduro government yesterday agreed to release 22 prisoners, including two pretty high-profile detainees at the request of Michelle Bachelet, the U. N.  high commissioner for human rights, who's the author of this report. Bachelet does seem to hold out hope of working with the Maduro government because it's allowed her organization for the first time in years to open an office in Venezuela, though we really don't know whether that will lead to anything.","As for the opposition, there've been demonstrations today in Venezuela which were originally about the death in custody of a naval captain. But the U. N.  report is very much also a theme. And Juan Guaido, leader of the opposition, has been talking to a crowd in Caracas, saying that the U. N.  has laid out what he's been saying for a long time now, which is that the Maduro government is a dictatorship.","That's NPR's Philip Reeves speaking from his base in Rio de Janeiro. Philip, thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Maduro government's release of prisoners is an attempt to improve its image","questions":"Which high-profile detainees were included in the prisoner release by the Maduro government?","answer":"two"}
{"text":[". . . To be biased against the LGBTQ community. What's your response to that?","Well, first of all, my response is - I'll take this from one of the independent people who responded to me saying, that's all I need to know about Beto O'Rourke. And this guy's out shopping for a candidate that he can support. But he said, if Beto doesn't want to come and speak to a group like yours, he goes, I don't need to listen to anything more. When Mayor Pete Buttigieg comes out and says, you know, we're definitely going to consider the invitation, I think that opens up people's minds.","But the other thing I would say - and it's one of the reasons we're doing this forum and inviting Democrats - is instead of casting out rhetoric about, well, these guys believe in one man, one-woman marriage, these guys believe God has a design for sexuality, let's go to what the reality of it is. Even on deep disagreements, I think America needs to see that we can fundamentally disagree without being disagreeable or without being hateful and divisive.","How do you respond to the fact that many people who adhere to other religious traditions - progressive religious traditions or even religious traditions outside of Christianity - consider the current administration demeaning, abusive to people outside of a group of core supporters?And they are troubled and hurt by the fact that white evangelicals are such a strong base of support for this president when he engages in conduct that they consider so hurtful. How should they think about that?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are implying what is your opinion ","questions":"What was the independent person's response to PersonA's statement about being biased against the LGBTQ community?","answer":"Shopping"}
{"text":["The United Nation says it's made an agreement that will gradually release 3,000 child soldiers from an armed group in South Sudan. The children are between 11 and 17 years of age. They have spent their childhoods fighting and killing for a group called the South Sudan Democratic Army Cobra faction. Jonathan Veitch, UNICEF's South Sudan representative, says these children have been forced to do and see things that no child should ever experience. Sudan has a long history of civil war and using children for war. Only a few of the thousands of children who get captured and dragged into the conflict manage to escape. Emmanuel Jal did. He's now an actor and musician in Toronto, who had a role in last year's film \"The Good Lie. \"He was 8 years old when he became a child soldier.","Most of us have seen our homes burned down, have seen terrible things happen. So, I mean, I witness one of my aunt raped in our home area. And witnessing and seeing my home village burned down and then when we're told that I'm going to be given skills and a gun to fight the people who did that to my homeland, there was not much for me to be convinced.","What was life for you like as a child soldier?","It's hell seeing 6, 7 years old burying their own dead. Nobody's going to give them questions when they're beginning to ask questions. Simple questions - why are we here?Where's my mommy?That's when you get to know, like, these are children sometimes when the terrible things happen."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The children in the war had to face and endure many difficult and tragic things.","questions":"How were the children affected in the war?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":[". . . a day. And. . .",". . . capsized on this catamaran. He's there with this guy called Rene Wassing, the Dutch anthropologist, and his last words are: I think I can make it.","I think I can make it. And he dove in and swam to shore, and was never seen again.","Now, you went to Asmat yourself. You are a writer who's worked in many countries, but you say this is 10,000 square miles of maybe one of the wildest places on earth.","Yeah. It's the southwest coast of what's now Indonesian Papua, was then Dutch New Guinea; and it is a swamp."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) B's last words were \"I think I can make it\" and then he dove in and swam to shore, but he was not able to make it and was never seen again. The actual meaning here is that B was optimistic about his chances of survival and tried to make a run for it, but ultimately failed.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's statement about the disappearance of the man who swam to shore?","answer":"Optimistic"}
{"text":["There's a voice that we have not heard a lot from lately and I want to ask you about it. I'm talking about fed chief Ben Bernanke. He seems to have all but disappeared from the headlines. Why is that we aren't hearing more from him as the stimulus package gets debated?","Well, Bernanke's role is to manage U. S.  monetary policy - what does money cost, bank regulations, all that stuff. So frankly he doesn't have very many arrows in his quiver yet left. He's got - I think we're down to, you know, under one percent for the federal funds rate. So there's not a lot of pontificating around interest rates that Bernanke can do. He ought to be of greater voice around the stimulus especially around as you - strategy, the bad bank strategy you mentioned.","I believe that what he's doing really is letting the Obama economic team get their feet wet. Very, very soon we ought to be hearing that he and the Treasury secretary have met. He's not an Alan Greenspan. If you think back to 1992 when Clinton was elected, Greenspan immediately jumped out there and was almost a jockeying between Greenspan and Clinton. And Greenspan made it clear, hey, I'm the money guy, I'm in charge of this, guys. And he, you know, he went to the White House, he had very long meeting with Clinton. It's been written about by - it's been written about it, you know, the Washington Post reporter has written extensively about that meeting, Carl F - Bernstein.","Bernstein."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He does not have many ways to solve the problems as of yet.","questions":"Which role does Bernanke have?","answer":"Role"}
{"text":["People see both sides. From one side, we see everything changed after Trump came to office and withdraw from the nuclear deal. In another side, we see mismanagement and corruption inside the government. So Iranians see both sides. But the much bigger side is this thing that we - they see from Trump's administration. They see, every day, sanctions. People see that the White House always says, we have nothing to do with Iranians.","But we think that maybe the most important part of the sanctions is its impact on Iranians. Maybe authorities, officials haven't been affected that much. They're rich. They're wealthy. They have no problems with inflation or with all the problems. But the Iranian ordinary people who have a limited income - it is very hard for them. They see the impact of the sanctions directly on them.","What's the overall mood in Tehran as all this plays out?","Hopelessness and uncertainty."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : sides refers and implies perspectives not direction ","questions":"What word describes the impact of the sanctions on ordinary Iranians?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["It's something that I think I've kind of really kind of gotten used to it over the years. But back when we really started taken off, it would be really strange to walk into a room with 20,000 people and you were the only African-American person in the room. I mean that happened a lot. And it's one of the things where I really had to come to grips with it.","I mean, I chose this life. I chose this job. This is what I wanted to do and, you know, I just - now it's no big deal, it's just the way it is. I love my job and I'm not going to change my job. So that just comes with the territory.","There's so many, what I call racial sharing moments going on right now and we, you know, we take them seriously, but we can also laugh at them. But sometimes have you ever felt that people ask you to be their guide into some greater understanding of blackness?","Oh, absolutely. You know, I've been playing Hootie & the Blowfish for 23 years, and we, you know, we've been doing' it. And I think my friends use me as a - like you said, as a vehicle to experience - and I know a lot of people that probably when they met me were pretty racist people, that are now really good friends of mine."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being the only African-American in a room with 20,000 people was a challenging experience for the speaker.","questions":"How did the speaker feel in a room with 20,000 people?","answer":"Strange"}
{"text":["Well, there was a plant in our area a few years back that was trying to make a point to the importance of their plant in the community, and they did a payroll in cash and stamped their name on all the money. And I wasn't trying to show how important my business is to the town, but I wanted people to recognize what was going on, and I decided the $2 bills was just as effective a way. So we passed out the money. I had to call a meeting, and I don't call many meeting so my employees sort of went into panic mode. I think their imaginations were running away, so they were definitely shocked when we had the meeting and they got their $2 bills, and they went to town shopping with a vengeance.","Well, yeah, I mean, I think most employees dread those meetings these days, that they're actually going to get laid off or fired. . .","Well, they. . .","Instead of getting money."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There was a factory in the area, not an actual plant that grows from the ground.","questions":"How did the $2 bills affect the employees of PersonA's business?","answer":"Positively"}
{"text":["Well, do you know, patients liked me 'cause I was really jolly and nice and what they didn't realize is they'd probably been much better off with some mumbling introvert who actually knew something. And in fact, I dreaded it. And my only happy day as a doctor was one sunny summer day where we got no admissions at all and I sat on the lawn outside the hospital and read \"The Longest Journey\" by E.  M.  Forster. That was the only happy day, and in the end, I didn't go back. And I thought, well, what could I do?I'm not qualified for anything else. I thought, the only thing I've done is comedy. And I applied for and got a job with BBC Light Entertainment in radio.","I am among those that think that British humor is one of the great forces for civilization in the world.","(Laughter).","But that being noted, it must be rough to - a challenge to take a comic approach to the Blitz, which is, in a sense, the great national heroic story of Britain."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"But that being noted, it must be rough to - a challenge to take a comic approach to the Blitz, which is, in a sense, the great national heroic story of Britain.\" - This turn does not have a literal meaning, as it expresses the speaker's opinion about the challenge of taking a comic approach to a serious historical event.","questions":"How did PersonB describe the Blitz?","answer":"Heroic"}
{"text":["The oldest one, the one I've been studying the longest, is called cosmological natural selection and was in fact the subject of my first book in 1997, \"Life of the Cosmos. \"And in that hypothesis, under that hypothesis, universes reproduce by giving birth to new universes inside of black holes, which is an old idea in the field.","And each time that happens, I presume that the laws of nature or the numbers that characterize them change slightly. And then one has a scenario very akin, very analogous to natural selection. One can derive consequences from it.","So every time there is a black hole, and there are many, many of them in our universe, correct?","An impressively large number of them, at least a million times a million."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The universes don't give birth but they form other universes in some way.","questions":"How do universes form in cosmological natural selection hypothesis?","answer":"a"}
{"text":["Well - so these agents actually do, from my experience, from my research, find themselves connected with the people that they encounter. But for many of them, this job is not necessarily about stopping immigration. This isn't about their dedication to immigration law or their dedication to keeping migrants from crossing the border illicitly or anything like that. This is about economic self-interest. This is about survival.","Because a lot of the Border Patrol agents are recruited from the border areas, and many of the border areas are very economically depressed.","Yeah, exactly. And so we might look at this - and that's, I think, what's so tragic about this kind of broader story, is that the stories of the Latinos who enter immigration law enforcement parallel so strongly the stories of the men and women who are trying to come to this country and willing to do anything to get here in order to provide for their own families.","But Border Patrol is there to enforce the United States' borders, which is important for any country. Borders are places where lots of things happen - some of it criminal. How would you enforce a border then?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"and willing to do anything to get here\" implies \"are desperately trying to get here\".","questions":"What is the motivation behind the Latinos entering immigration law enforcement?","answer":"implies"}
{"text":["Now, Mr.  Trump often points out that the school, at least on the website, had an overwhelmingly favorable rating from former students. But the plaintiffs say that it wasn't like that at all.","Really, that's exactly what they say. They argue that the whole point to this school was to keep selling students increasingly expensive seminars. First, there was a free introductory course where students were told they could make tens of thousands of dollars in just a couple of months using Trump's investment techniques.","But to learn those, they had to sign up for another seminar that cost about 1,500 bucks. And at that seminar, they were sold another course that cost as much as $35,000. They claim that students were encouraged to go into credit-card debt and even cash out their 401(k)s to pay for these top-level courses.","The settlement was reached. Well, one of these suits was about to go to trial on Monday, wasn't it?","Yeah, it was, though attorneys for Trump wanted it delayed because he was too busy with the transition. But, clearly, his schedule wasn't going to get any easier once he became president. So the judge in the case was urging both sides to settle."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \u201cThey claim that students were encouraged to go into credit-card debt and even cash out their 401(k)s to pay for these top-level courses.\u201d - Implied meaning: The school was pushing students to engage in irresponsible financial decisions to pay for the courses. ","questions":"How were students encouraged to pay for the top-level courses?","answer":"irresponsible"}
{"text":["And what's your percentage normally?","Normally, it's around 65 to 70 percent in practice.","It's a little easier when nobody is guarding.","Yeah, a little bit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The statement from B implies that there is some kind of activity or task involved between them that is easier to perform when there are no guards present.","questions":"What is easier to do when there are no guards present according to PersonB's statement?","answer":"Activity"}
{"text":["Is it important to the grassroots to have that still?","Absolutely. I mean, fiscal responsibility is still a measure of what I would call conservative values. The problem is we just don't seem to see the Congress expressing those values any longer. The CBO and the GAO have both said that this kind of spending cannot be sustained. And what can't continue won't continue. So it's irresponsible for us not to deal with the spending issue.","Mark Meckler is the president of Citizens for Self-Governance. Thank you so very much.","Thanks for having me, Lulu. I appreciate it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone","questions":"What does \"having\" imply in turn 3?","answer":"Engaging"}
{"text":["That's right.","Tell us about that one.","Well, that's around a star called HD 10 - excuse me, 40307. I'm losing track of the numbers, there are so many stars now. And this is a system where we first tried out some of these techniques, where there were already several planets known around it, three planets known around it, and we found three more by basically being more clever in how we deal with the noise due to the star's surface activity.","And this was - you have a rating scale for how close to Earthlike they are correct?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : stars implies the tiny luminous body in the sky and not a celebrity ","questions":"How does the conversation relate to celebrity?","answer":"star"}
{"text":["Yeah, my mom was one of those moms that loved pretty much everything I did and encouraged me to do it and also just instilled in me a love for books and for reading. You know, she read to us all the time.","Yeah.","Yeah, just enjoying the ideas and the things that I did meant so much. And my dad was, you know, more critical, and I think maybe that balance was crucial, too. But I used to come home - Mom tells me I used to come home from kindergarten and I'd sit up on, you know, the kitchen counter and basically spend an hour telling her the story we heard, you know, from story time. And that's because she wanted to hear it, or at least, you know, gave me that impression. And I would - I just - I learned to tell stories and to, yeah, just enjoy that process of crafting a story for a person. And in that case, it was my mom. So yeah, I can't say enough about Mama.","It's funny because there's a cartoon that I've just turned to here that shows a couple of married couples chatting, and the wife in one of the couples says our son wants to be a comedian, so we're getting a nasty divorce."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"our son wants to be a comedian, so we're getting a nasty divorce\" - this is a joke, and the literal meaning of the words is not what the speaker intends to communicate. The speaker is making light of the idea that having a comedian in the family might lead to conflict or tension, but the statement is not meant to be taken seriously.","questions":"What is the intended tone of turn 3?","answer":"humorous"}
{"text":["You know, I'm not sure exactly where the cuts will take place. I know they've got several issues in mind. I think it's definitely a reflection upon the times right now, and how difficult the environment is for financial service firms.","You wrote in your piece today that the bonus pool is still the sixth largest on record. How much money was it overall?","Overall, it was 18. 4 billion, but it was down from about 33 billion last year. So it's a decline, but it's still, like you said, the sixth largest, so there's been thoughts that the past compensations have gotten a little excessive. So there's definitely an argument that that was the case.","And all of this in the wake of a bonus scandal at Merrill Lynch. What's been going on there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The past compensations for financial firms have been excessive.","questions":"What was the overall bonus pool last year?","answer":"18.4"}
{"text":["Tell us the story, Butch, behind this recording?","Oh, I was asked to come and work for ORT, or Orchestra, regionally, della Toscana. I was told I could have three days, three hours a day, to instruct the orchestra in the ways and means of conduction, and I refused for a long time.","For months I refused to do it because it's quite a stressful thing, I think, for most conductors who get three days to conduct something they already know with an orchestra that already knows the work, but for me to teach this way of working in nine hours, I thought, was going to be a little too stressful, so I refused.","Finally, I accepted, and I encountered the problems I thought I was going to encounter. First of all, the orchestra walked into rehearsal for the first time in their life where there was no music notation and no music stands, and they kind of freaked out because most musicians, especially symphonic players, go to rehearsal, and there's music and music stands."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The orchestra was not used to rehearsing without sheet music and music stands.","questions":"How did the orchestra react to the rehearsal setup?","answer":"Freaked"}
{"text":["I think this team, by necessity, given the circumstances, is going to be focused more on the more immediate dual strategic challenges that could suck us into international adventures that will be devastating to our national interest.","And primarily, at the top of that list, I think you would put Iran.","Yes, and the Middle East, more generally; or perhaps now even some parts of the Sahara in Africa.","Now there are going to be crises like this situation that's developing in Algeria. We obviously still don't know a lot about what's going on there. But where do you see an opportunity to create - for a geo-trategic approach?Iran - everybody says there are a lot of options. None of them, very good."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : adventures implies doing military or conflict based actions in foreign nations","questions":"How could the team's focus on the immediate dual strategic challenges potentially affect the national interest?","answer":"CIRCUMSTANCES"}
{"text":["And some - I'm trying to blend. I'm trying to be a weevil.","I got you. You know, you talked about singing to your children. Do you suggest singing to pregnant mothers, too?(unintelligible)","Absolutely. Absolutely. They can hear - babies can hear from about six months gestation. This is the way language development begins. This is the way we teach. This is the way we connect, nurture, and love our young. And although we have many devices, many toys that bleep and beep and sing and all of that, it's really important to have that human element. So speaking to, reading to, singing to your very young child is extremely important.","Nnenna Freelon, you are a fantastic talent. We appreciate you coming on News & Notes. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : trying to be weevil implies being a pest or a disturbance ","questions":"What is PersonA trying to blend into?","answer":"Weevil"}
{"text":["Well again, our hearts go out to the Hudson family. I wanted to bring up one more thing though, which is that, you know, Friday night is, in happy terms for a lot of kids, the night of ghouls and goblins. But there are these sex offender registries that reveal that in most of our neighborhoods there are people who have been convicted of crimes, including attacking children.","So Missouri enacted a law restricting convicted sex offenders on Halloween, and convicted sex crime offenders would be prohibited from leaving their homes between 5 P. M.  and 10:30. They would also have to hang a sign on their door that says no candy or treats at this residence. But a federal judge temporarily blocked the curfew for this Friday. The case is still in appeal. So what was it about this law that didn't pass the smell test for the judge?","It was vague and over broad. That's what didn't pass the smell test. What is just cause?They say that they - a sex offender can leave for just cause. So how do you define just cause?Is that a trip to the pharmacy to get some Aspirin, or does it have to be a medical emergency?","And also, they are saying Halloween-related contact with children, does that mean a man - and I believe that was one of the four sex offenders who brought this says, I have a nephew ,or a son or something that's living in my house, does that mean I cannot carve a pumpkin in my own home with my child?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when hearts go out is said in this context it usually means you're in my thoughts, or I'm thinking of you","questions":"Which phrase used in the dialogue implies sympathy towards the Hudson family?","answer":"heartsgoout"}
{"text":["European companies and the European Union recognize that the dominance of the dollar in international trading gives the United States very considerable power. And I believe that the Iran episode is going to be a turning point. It will show Russia, China, India, the European Union the value of building up alternative mechanisms for concluding international trade that do not use the dollar in any shape or form.","So I think the United States is set maybe to use their excessive power on this occasion but, over the long term, to lose power. And I think that's right. It should be my country that decides what is lawful trade with any other country not the United States. And the United States' use of its dominance in international trading is totally intolerable when it seeks to place U. S.  law above the law of my country as to what my businessmen can do.","That's Sir Richard Dalton, former British diplomat now president of the British Iranian Chamber of Commerce. Thank you for speaking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The United States uses its power in international trade to exert influence over other countries","questions":"How does the United States exert influence over other countries?","answer":"exert"}
{"text":["Yes. The big topic, of course, is what he'll say about the president's unfounded claims that Barack Obama wiretapped his phones. He has also accused British intelligence of wiretapping his phones on behalf of Barack Obama. There's been no evidence produced for those claims. The British have pushed back against them strongly. People on the Hill say they have not seen any evidence of this, and Comey will be asked about that first and foremost.","OK.  And over at the Senate, the first hearings for President Trump's nomination for the Supreme Court - what kind of reception is he going to get?","Well, that's going to be the big event of the week. Neil Gorsuch, who has been nominated by Donald Trump, is going to be asked a lot of questions about his views on executive power, about Donald Trump's comments disparaging judges and the entire court system. This is one of Donald Trump's most important early initiatives. The Republicans have 52 votes in the Senate. They say if they have to change the rules so they won't need 60 to confirm him, they will do that. So it's going to be very, very hard for the Democrats to stop him. But this is just the first of many, many judicial vacancies that Donald Trump will have the opportunity to fill because of the age of judges on the bench right now and the number of vacancies.","And something else we're looking at, obviously, is what's happening on Thursday - a much anticipated vote in the House. They're voting on the repeal-and-replace legislation for Obamacare. Does Speaker Ryan have the votes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B: \"what kind of reception is he going to get?\" - This question is not referring to the physical act of receiving someone but rather inquiring about the kind of response or treatment the nominee will receive from others.","questions":"Which word in PersonB's turn 1 refers to the nominee for the Supreme Court?","answer":"Nominee"}
{"text":["Well, I think one of my roles - at least the way I pretty much defined my life and work for 35 years in the academy and was quite lucky in serendipitous ways began teaching at Yale at the time of the moment that's now considered, I guess, the revolutionary moment at Yale with the Black Panthers and Bobby Seale and Erica Huggins and others.","So, I always saw a kind of resistive undercurrent in the university even at its Ivy League level. And I've tried to identify myself in the academy with that resistive undercurrent. And I've tried to maintain an integrity of my public appearances and what I write that never refuses to look at the fact that racism, in my estimation, is more rampant in the United States and globally than ever before.","One can say is the glass half-full or half-empty. I think that's mere casuistry. It seems to me that the glass is empty for the majority of Americans now, not just black Americans, and it's not near any liquid refreshments source that I know of, the foreclosures, the economics of the present time, the war.","It seems to me that Henry Louis Gates Jr.  and Cornel West made a deliberate turn at a certain point in their career and decided, in the case of Mr.  Gates for example, that he was not going to do another profoundly brilliant book in his\u2026","Well, professor, I'm sorry, we have to wrap this up. There's a lot there, but thank you so much, Professor Baker."],"speaker":["A","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker believes that the current state of affairs in America is bleak and lacking in resources and opportunities for most people, regardless of their race.","questions":"Which turn suggests a negative view of the current state of affairs in America?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["First, the president speaks to a joint session of Congress tonight. It's not officially a State of the Union speech, but it will have much of the same pomp and ceremony. The speech is at 9 p. m.  Eastern. It will be televised, and so Mr.  Obama's real audience will be you and I, the people watching at home. NPR's Scott Horsley's here now. He's also be monitoring the speech.","And Scott, I guess it'll be economy as the number one topic.","You know, there's really no escaping that. The president said yesterday that this is not the situation he or any new president would like to inherit, but he's faced with rising unemployment, you talk about those plummeting home prices, a record number of foreclosures. So he's going to be talking about the steps he and Congress have already taken, like the $787 billion stimulus plan, the foreclosure prevention plan he unveiled last week in Arizona.","He's also expected to provide some more detail about his administration's efforts to shore up the banking system. That's something that the secretary of Treasury rolled out a couple of weeks ago and has been criticized for not having enough details. So we may learn more about that and about efforts to strengthen and update financial regulations so we don't find ourselves in a situation like this again."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It will have all of the same importance and rituals as the first speech.","questions":"Which speech?","answer":"President's"}
{"text":["So for example, you - there is a - one kind of solution perhaps that could work to stop jihadist mass killings, another kind of solution that could work to stop mass killings involving mental illness. And then with some like the Los Vegas shooting, where we still mysteriously don't have a motive, you know, you're more in the dark as to what could have been done in that particular case.","Jeannie Gaffigan, the comedy writer and producer who has been publicly battling a brain tumor and happens to be a person of faith, this week tweeted, I'm living proof that prayer works. She's feeling better now. But it also takes enormous effort along with prayer, sometimes a lifetime of struggle and dedication. Do you agree with that?","Oh, absolutely. I believe - you know, there's a scriptural principle that faith without works is dead. In other words, you should pray and you should act. But I think the main criticism that many of these Twitter activists are offering is that they're saying, don't say thoughts and prayers. Say what I want you to say. And in a political environment where there's sharp polarization and very different ideas about how to respond to a crisis, that's just never going to happen. And besides, what use is an activist tweet anyway?","David French of National Review, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies that there is a disagreement between A who is a religious person and the Activists who have different opinions about how faith works.","questions":"What is the main principle that PersonA mentions in relation to faith and works?","answer":"Scriptural"}
{"text":["What issues do you think he's emphasizing that have helped?","Well, there's no question that I think the number-one issue is economic inequality, the growing gap between rich - and I'm not going to say poor - but the rich and everyone else. It is not a progressive agenda or a conservative agenda to say, we are dealing in this country now with a kind of inequality that threatens the foundations of our society, and that resonates across the political spectrum.","You know, you can't get through a political conversation these days without mentioning Mr.  Trump. And I bring his name up to you because, on Friday, he took out after hedge funds. He's actually been doing that recently. I have a quote. \"The hedge fund guys - they make a fortune; they pay no tax. The hedge fund guys are getting away with murder. \"He sounds a lot more like Bernie Sanders than he does the other Republicans.","Well, you know, Scott, I think that Bernie Sanders is having an effect also on the Republican Party. It's not lost on any of these candidates, you know, not Hillary Clinton and not Donald Trump.","Speaking as a citizen and from your experience and base of influence, do you think Hillary Clinton's use of a private email server while secretary of state - now under inquiry by the Justice Department and the FBI - is a legitimate campaign issue?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"He sounds a lot more like Bernie Sanders than he does the other Republicans\" - This turn uses the phrase \"he sounds like Bernie Sanders\" to mean that Trump's comments on hedge funds align with Sanders' views, which is different from its literal meaning of \"the sound of Trump's voice resembles that of Bernie Sanders.\"","questions":"Which candidate took out after hedge funds, according to turn 2?","answer":"Trump"}
{"text":["I mean, your site gets something like seven million visitors a month?","Yeah.","Wow.","So that, that audience helps too, having those people, you know, kind of at bay, you know, willing to sort of jump in at, like, my command and help out when necessary. And like I said before, a lot of those people who read my site are also Tesla fans, so that's sort of a double reason for them to be willing to commit to a campaign like this."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The audience of the website is willing to help out with the campaign.","questions":"What motivates the audience to commit to the campaign?","answer":"Campaign"}
{"text":["That's the problem we have when trying to operator motors on Mars when it's quite cold. And so we just - what we use is we use heaters. And we have little electrical heaters that a few hours before we want to drive or turn the science cameras, for example, we turn on heaters, we heat them up to the point where they're relatively warm, warm enough to operate, and then we're able to go ahead with the science observations.","You've obviously lived in Alaska or Minnesota if you know what a heater is on your car.","Exactly. Born in North Dakota, so yeah, I should know.","So of course you would have thought of that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This implies that the cold nature of Mars requires that some of the equipment be heated to some level before they can be used for science observation.","questions":"Which planet requires some equipment to be heated before using it for science observation?","answer":"Mars"}
{"text":["It's a love letter to my mother. I love my mother very, very much. She gave me everything. She was a wonderful mother. She gave me the most magnificent childhood in Edinburgh, and she had no pattern for that. She was suffering so much as a child. She was kept very closeted. Nobody ever told her anything of love. She was very, very solitary, lonely and unhappy child. And yet she invented herself and became this wonderful mother to me.","And at the same time, I felt that her version of events, which was utter doom and terrible villainy, couldn't necessarily be completely true because everybody's version of their story is slightly different.","Of course.","And so I wanted to turn it and turn it like a kaleidoscope to see whether I could see what these people's motives really were. And was it so terrible?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The literal meaning is that the speaker is expressing love and gratitude towards their mother. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker's mother had a difficult childhood and overcame it to become a great parent to the speaker.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue reveals that the PersonA's mother had a lonely and unhappy childhood?","answer":"Turn0"}
{"text":["What do you think - if this decision is permanent, what do you think the U. S.  will miss by not being a member of UNESCO?","Oh, I think the U. S.  will miss a lot. It's a big loss for the United Nations family because we are part of this family. It is a big role for multilateralism. But I believe it is also a loss for the U. S.","Irina Bokova is director general of UNESCO. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you very much for inviting me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker believes that the U.S. will suffer from the consequences of withdrawing from UNESCO, both on a global and a national level. ","questions":"Which organization did the speaker believe the U.S. should have remained a member of?","answer":"UNESCO"}
{"text":["Yeah, absolutely.","Robo-fish and friends.","It's a great little video up there on our website at sciencefriday. com. It's our video pick of the week and. . .","And you can see this following, the milling about of the robots. One thing that he said that was really interesting to me is, you know, not every fish will follow. And so his next installment - so stay tuned, this could be number three in a few years - is to figure out how personality drives sort of the differences between the fish. It seems that the bolder fish are less apt to follow the robotic fish."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Stay tuned\" - This phrase implies that there is more to come in the future, likely related to the robotic fish and its interactions with real-life fish.","questions":"What phrase implies that there might be more to come in the future related to the robotic fish and its interactions with real-life fish?","answer":"Stay"}
{"text":["Yesterday, in a letter to Congress, Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said that significant uncertainty now exists with regard to unresolved tax and spending policies for 2013, but we didn't really need Timothy Geithner to tell us that. Ron Elving is with us. He's NPR's senior Washington editor, and he joins me here in Studio 3A to help us make sense of what's happening in Washington as this deadline looms closer like a shadow approaching. Right, Ron?Welcome back to TALK OF THE NATION.","Good to be with you, Celeste.","Explain to me what's going on 'cause, first, we heard there may be a proposal from the president, then we heard there's no proposal from the president. Where do the negotiations stand?","The Senate is here. The president is here. They appear to be talking. The president was on the phone before he left Hawaii with the Republican and Democratic leaders of both the House and Senate. And apparently in one of the conversations that he had, either last night or after he got back here today, he intimated in some way to the Republican leader in the Senate - now, of course he's the minority leader in the Senate, as the Republicans are under 50 percent in that body - and Mitch McConnell got the message one way or another that the president was going to put something new on the table later on today. And so his people came out and told all the reporters on Capitol Hill, we're getting something from the president today, stay tuned."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The president will propose something new later today","questions":"Which political leader intimated to the Republican Senate leader that the president was going to propose something new later today?","answer":"President"}
{"text":["Yeah, it's light and it's very dark at the same time, yeah.","Well, that's what you go for or what?","Yeah, you got to have a little bit of - a little bit of an edge, I think.","You have a woman in a classical gown looking out over the sea coast in the moonlight holding a lantern. The caption - night after night she watches the sea, longing for her husband's departure (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"night after night she watches the sea, longing for her husband's departure (laughter).\" - The caption is meant to be humorous, as it contradicts the expected sentiment of missing one's husband who has departed. The laughter indicates that the speaker finds it funny that the woman is actually longing for her husband's departure rather than his return.","questions":"Which sentiment is contradicted by the caption in turn 3?","answer":"Missing"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. Staycation. It's one of those newfangled words that's caught on fast. A vacation is when you vacate. You take off, you stay in a hotel, or camp out, or see the sights. A staycation is - well, you got it. With soaring gas prices and plane tickets, this was supposed to be the summer of staying at home. But was that prediction off the mark?If you're thinking about traveling soon or for the winter holidays, what should you keep in mind?With us to talk about both of those issues we've got Madeline Nunn, senior travel agent with the Richmond, Virginia, branch of the American Automobile Association, or Triple-A. Hi, Madeline.","How are you?","I'm great. So, back in May, a Rand McNally survey found that two-thirds of Americans planning road trips this summer said they would shorten their trips or cancel them all together. Summer is wrapping up, so what actually panned out?","Well, actually, the staycation thing is sort of a myth, so to speak, because Americans are traveling. They're traveling because they are hard-working and they need the rest and the revitalization. They need this vacation. So, what we're finding is that they're not staying home, per se. Some are just staying a little closer to home. And sometimes they're limiting the length of time that they may take for this vacation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Americans are not staying at home for vacations.","questions":"Which prediction was off the mark?","answer":"Staycation"}
{"text":["I don't actually see a need to detain people at all. There are lots of alternatives to detention that have been shown to work. In many cases, people are released on ankle monitors so that the government can keep track of where they are. But once again, I don't think that the government's figures on appearance rates at hearings are accurate.","Mexico has expanded some of the rights of asylum-seekers, non-Mexican asylum-seekers - haven't they?- in recent weeks. Humanitarian visas, work permits, access to legal services, does any of that help?","I know that they have started giving humanitarian visas to individuals who are returned. They are supposed to provide for work authorization. But I understand that a number of our plaintiffs have had trouble finding jobs and also trouble proving that they are entitled to work in Mexico. I think that goes back to the animus against migrants that I spoke of before.","Do you and other groups have an idea of how many people we might potentially be talking about who were asylum-seekers in Mexico?","We don't have an exact number. The government has said that they're going to expand this policy to Texas in the not-too-distant future. And my understanding is that as of Thursday, eight families were returned- eight families comprised of 13 adults and 13 children. And that was just one day."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the narrator mention of non Mexican asylum-seekers so it is odd to see non Mexican asylum seekers setting place in Mexico. ","questions":"Which group of asylum-seekers does the narrator specifically mention about facing trouble finding jobs and proving their entitlement to work in Mexico?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["I mean, people are saying this car company doesn't get it. It's sort of, you know, dead in the water. It hasn't been forward looking. It hasn't developed the kinds of cars that people want now.","Look, they have made so many management mistakes, but along with that, they've made some very, very smart moves. And this is a company that's very strong and robust around the world. It's the North American market that's killing them.","And there are long - there's a long thread of historical reasons why General Motors has been at such a disadvantage in North America since the '70s. But the net of it is that this company has a lot of potential, but it also has potential to sink right out from under us.","So, aside from it being potentially a good deal for the government to own GM, what are the other benefits or possible benefits?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This just means that the company is not progressing at all - it does not mean that it is actually 'dead in the water' ","questions":"What does \"dead in the water\" mean?","answer":"Notprogressing"}
{"text":["My pleasure.","And we will get to civilization being in danger, I assure you. But first question - you just heard our interview with our Justice Department correspondent. Is it a good or bad decision not to release the Democratic memo?","I think it's a mistake. I've read the memo. And, again, our entire society is based on, you know, counterpoints. You think this. I think that. And the Socratic process is that the truth falls out as you go through that back and forth. I think it's a mistake not to release.","I have to tell you, you're one of the first public officials I've heard quote the Socratic process. I will mark that - which raises the question that you raise, why does this budget deal put civilization in danger?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A believes that releasing the memo is necessary for the truth to come out through a process of debate and discussion, and not releasing it is a mistake.","questions":"What does PersonA think about releasing the Democratic memo?","answer":"necessary"}
{"text":["The tragedy in Burma is it's just hard for us to comprehend. It is true that the current projections are that the numbers will rise significantly. I've heard numbers as high as 50,000 people being killed. So it's something that just automatically pulls at the heartstrings.","And you know, Farai, scientists have discovered that human beings are actually wired to be altruistic, so it's a part of our DNA. It's natural for us to want to give. We see a crisis, we want to give. And so I think it's really important to acknowledge that, and to really encourage people to give. It can. The giving, overwhelming giving for a major public emergency like this can have a negative impact on other parts of the world. We've seen it in the past.","For example, when the tsunami hit Asia, several years ago, where a quarter of a million people lost their lives, you saw relief and development organizations flooded with donations. OxFam UK, at a certain point, actually had to refuse donations because they no longer had the capacity to actually program funds. So what I would actually advocate for those that are really interested in making contributions, is to give responsibly. To really look at those organizations that you are interested in making a contribution to, and making your donation in flexible kinds of ways. . .","So, for general support as opposed to necessarily for one thing."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Human beings have an innate desire to help others in times of crisis, but excessive giving can have negative consequences.","questions":"Which action can have a negative impact on other parts of the world, according to the statement?","answer":"Excessive"}
{"text":["Is anyone doing that research?","Well, I have the good fortune of working on an NSF career ward myself, entitled tornado-resilient communities. And we're sort of scratching the surface here, trying to first of all apply what knowledge we know from our wind hazard research here in Florida and all the work that has been done by the emergency management and the building codes here.","But beyond that, I'm working with manufacturers of adhesive products and so on to develop new ways, new, more resistant ways in which we can actually get these buildings held together.","You think some sort of building Super Glue?Is that what you're talking about?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They are just beginning and working with the first part of the data.","questions":"What part are they working on?","answer":"First"}
{"text":["The response that I'd make to that is a couple of things. Part of it is a culture clash. In the West, we are very fetishistic about originality. We want to touch the object that the master touched. This goes back to the days of reliquaries when people had bits and pieces of saints that they carried around with them. The old saw in the East, as it's my grandfather's knife, I replace the handle. My father replaced the blade. It's my grandfather's knife.","For people in other parts of the world, the role of objects is not to somehow through the object itself bring you close to history. It is a visual cue that provides memories of history. The history and heritage resides in the mind. And that's what these reconstructions can certainly provide and have provided for hundreds and hundreds of years. Indeed, most of the sites in Sicily today are 19th century reconstructions.","I never knew that. I mean, I've been to Syracuse and all over Sicily and I was seeing reconstructions?","Absolutely. If you were in Syracuse, you certainly did. Naxos is a very good original site, but many of the other sites are significantly reconstructed."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Implied meaning: the West's obsession with originality is a cultural clash with the East's approach to objects, which is to replace the parts of objects and thus keep them alive in memory and history. ","questions":"How does the East approach objects compared to the West?","answer":"Replace"}
{"text":["I think that's a - sometimes an oversimplification. But, you know, there's a bit of a creep factor now, to put it in the plainest terms. You click agree and maybe, you know, ads follow you around the net or - that's sort of the mildest form of these things. But in the sort of worst-case scenario, as you said, you know, your data might be sold in sort of an unethical way. We're all a little bit more wary, at least over here, about that kind of thing.","Over here in contrast to where?","Well, in contrast to other parts of the world. I would say what I saw at CES, which tends to favor big companies like Samsung, like LG, Sony - you know, obviously, are based mostly in Asia - the conversation around privacy there - it hasn't quite penetrated in the same way, at least by my reckoning from what I saw at CES because - I'll give you one example.","LG - they talked very highly about its smart home sort of platform, that all these devices have a connection to the Internet and they're using their sensors to kind of learn your preferences and better tailor what they can do for you. That all sounds good until you kind of realize, well, by definition, what they're doing is profiling you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People in other parts of the world are not as aware of the risks associated with data profiling.","questions":"Which concept did LG talk highly about at CES?","answer":"Smarthome"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. Staycation. It's one of those newfangled words that's caught on fast. A vacation is when you vacate. You take off, you stay in a hotel, or camp out, or see the sights. A staycation is - well, you got it. With soaring gas prices and plane tickets, this was supposed to be the summer of staying at home. But was that prediction off the mark?If you're thinking about traveling soon or for the winter holidays, what should you keep in mind?With us to talk about both of those issues we've got Madeline Nunn, senior travel agent with the Richmond, Virginia, branch of the American Automobile Association, or Triple-A. Hi, Madeline.","How are you?","I'm great. So, back in May, a Rand McNally survey found that two-thirds of Americans planning road trips this summer said they would shorten their trips or cancel them all together. Summer is wrapping up, so what actually panned out?","Well, actually, the staycation thing is sort of a myth, so to speak, because Americans are traveling. They're traveling because they are hard-working and they need the rest and the revitalization. They need this vacation. So, what we're finding is that they're not staying home, per se. Some are just staying a little closer to home. And sometimes they're limiting the length of time that they may take for this vacation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Americans are not staying at home for vacations.","questions":"How are Americans spending their vacations?","answer":"Traveling"}
{"text":["(Laughing) You would think, but its this weird sort of a - the more I get to know them, the more they become different objects with such different ingredients that I love them more with each passing day.","(Laughing) So I have a burrito specimen here with me in the studio. And I'm going to unwrap. . .","Is it in wax paper or tinfoil?","It is in both tinfoil and wax paper."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning is that B has a unique and special person in their life that they want to share with the world.","questions":"Which type of paper is the burrito wrapped in?","answer":"Paper"}
{"text":["I think that the protests need to go as far as we need to take them so that America begins to wake up, that this is a problem. You know, 45 said that this is a local issue and. . .","And by 45, you mean President Donald Trump.","Correct. This is a national epidemic. This is a national outcry of people and communities in pain.","Can you tell us something about Stephon before we say goodbye?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker believes that the protests represent a national issue and not just a local one.","questions":"Which issue does the speaker believe the protests represent?","answer":"National"}
{"text":["Good morning, Lulu.","So it seems a little strange to be talking about why something doesn't matter, but here we are, saying President Trump's budget - which is being released tomorrow - suddenly isn't that important. How did that happen?","Presidents' budgets are always political documents. They're not a piece of legislation, but they do express the president's priorities. And, of course, the cliche is to say that the president's budget is dead on arrival on Capitol Hill. This one is probably dead as a doornail. And the reason is that Republicans and Democrats just passed a massive, two-year spending bill, which raises the caps for domestic and defense spending. And the White House was mostly a bystander in those negotiations. So what the president says in his budget tomorrow will not affect spending very much. Congress probably won't be passing a 2019 budget resolution. The bottom line is, in this instance, Congress seems to be ignoring the president.","Oh, OK. But when the budget comes out tomorrow, the spotlight will probably turn to White House budget director Mick Mulvaney, right?He was famously hawkish on the deficit when he was in Congress. What will he have to say?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The president's budget is not taken seriously by Congress and has little effect on spending.","questions":"How does Congress view the president's budget?","answer":"Ignoring"}
{"text":["My pleasure.","Could you just tell us what the weather is like right now?","Well, currently, it's been blue day. I mean, we've had some bands of rain come through from time to time, but it's a nice day. The water is calm. It's clouding up a little bit.","Do you have any guests at the resort at the moment?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : blue day implies a rainy and cloudy day. ","questions":"Which weather condition is implied by the term \"blue day\"?","answer":"Cloudy."}
{"text":["Yeah. The embassy guards, it's kind of a, you know, a misperception. In any embassy they essentially protect the chancellery in the embassy and the ambassador's residence itself, and particularly to, you know, you get them into a safe place if there is an attack or to - and if that fails, to destroy the classified material and so forth.","They're not responsible for the overall external or internal security of the embassy compound per se. They can augment that and they have if necessary, but there is a diplomatic security mission that does that sort of thing, and then - obviously which didn't happen on this case. You're hoping that you've got a competent external protection from the host nation, which is responsible for the safety of the entire compound.","We're talking with retired Marine Colonel Gary Anderson about lessons learned from before and during the attack in Benghazi. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And any number of recommendations were made by the Pickering Mullen report. As you look at those, are they going to address the kinds of interagency communications problems that you're worried about?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Embassy guards don't provide overall security for the embassy compound","questions":"Which embassy personnel are not responsible for the overall security of the embassy compound?","answer":"Guards"}
{"text":["So this will help the basketball players and then also the track events. But the good thing is obviously with these developments - the wheelchairs (unintelligible) through the people, you know, everyday people that use wheelchairs, and it will mean it's more lightweight for them to lift, say, in and out of vehicles.","And some of this stuff then filters in back to the general public.","Yeah, I mean, and that's a great thing, you know, the flow sort of from elite to high street, as we refer to it, is great. So you start seeing that, for example, with push bikes. We see a lot of that now available, helmet design from bikes, you say that. Swimwear is another thing that we see a lot of technology flowing into the high street.","Let's talk about swimwear because there was a kind of swimwear that was used and is now banned, and something new is taking its place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Technological advancements from elite athletes eventually become available to the general public, such as with push bikes and swimwear.","questions":"Which public benefits from the technological advancements made by elite athletes?","answer":"General"}
{"text":["\"The Interview,\" a bromance.","Tamara, are these mostly symbolic sanctions?I mean, North Korea's already under significant sanctions.","Significant. There have been four UN Security Council resolutions adopted since 2006, as well as two U. S.  sanctions programs. These are largely targeted at North Korea's weapons development - nuclear weapons development. So you could easily argue that these new sanctions are just piling onto a pretty big pile already.","U. S.  officials insist, though, that these are new and different because they name 10 individuals, most of whom work for the country's main arms dealer. They say that this naming them is going to make it very hard for those people to do business basically anywhere in the world. The White House also says that there are more sanctions yet to come."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implies that the speaker is questioning whether or not the sanctions are just symbolic gestures with no real, tangible impact. ","questions":"How many UN Security Council resolutions have been adopted since 2006 according to A?","answer":"Four"}
{"text":["Yeah. And a program like this, how does it help you see things differently and what you should do differently?","It helped me see things differently by not wanting to be the person that's robbing the good guy, you know. It helped me see that I could do anything with my life and that anything's possible. You know, I could go to the moon right now if I wanted to.","Christian Champagne, who is a high school junior in Chicago and part of the Becoming a Man program. All kinds of luck to you, Mr. Champagne. It's been very nice to talk to you.","Thank you. Been nice to talk to you too."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) B: Christian Champagne, who is a high school junior in Chicago and part of the Becoming a Man program. All kinds of luck to you, Mr. Champagne. It's been very nice to talk to you.  In both of these turns, the implied meanings go beyond the literal words used. The speaker in (2) is expressing a change in their perspective and motivation, not just describing a visual change. In (3), the speaker is using the phrase \"All kinds of luck to you\" as a form of well-wishing, not literally referring to different types of luck.","questions":"How did PersonB express his well-wishing at the end of the conversation?","answer":"Wellwishing."}
{"text":["He was a Christian gentleman. And he was the paradigm of the Christian gentleman. He didn't have - he had no mean bone in his body. I'd never heard - you would hear him perhaps talk a little bit askance about someone. But he - but I never heard an ad hominem attack or caustic comment come out of him. He had a beautiful soul. And it was always radiant and on display.","Yeah. In the minute we have left, I sometimes would look at him, and it was hard to imagine him as the very young, teenage, just graduated from a prep school who enlisted and became the youngest flyer in the U. S.  Navy.","The youngest flyer and a decorated aviator at the age of 20. If you see those photos which have been playing across screens today, he looks like he's 14 years old.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when someone says \"he had no mean bone in his body\" it means that the person was nice and kind","questions":"How was the person described in turn 0?","answer":"Kind"}
{"text":["Yeah, so when Zazi got picked up in the fall of 2009, he immediately started cooperating. And from then on, for the last 10 years or so, he's cooperated against a number of high-profile trials in the U. S.  - the third in command in al-Qaida, another American and a British operative. He cooperated with law enforcement over 100 times, did interviews there. They described his cooperation as extraordinary, some of the best they've seen in terrorism trials.","Do we know why?","You know, sometimes when these things happen - and I've interviewed a few individuals who've joined al-Qaida and other groups like this - they have an awakening moment when they're looking, sitting across the table from an FBI agent. It becomes very real to them in a way they hadn't seen before. For Zazi's case, he decided that he made a mistake, and he wanted to rectify that.","There are three men who were involved in this plot. Two of them cooperated with the government. But the third guy decided to go to trial rather than plead guilty. He's in prison for life now. I don't want to sound cynical, but it does seem like a change of heart is a good legal strategy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The heart was not changed but the opinions of the person were.","questions":"Which is the key word in the statement that relates to the turn discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Here's another example - property buyouts. So the federal government will sometimes buy properties with federal and local money after a disaster, like floods. And the land gets turned into permanent green space. And in the future, no other homes or businesses or potential lives will be lost there. That's the point of the buyout.","So if they're buying out property, you have to be a property owner to benefit from that. And people with more wealth are generally more often property owners. Is that how this is working?","Mm-hmm. And there have been barriers to property ownership in the U. S.  for various people, various racial groups, as well.","Sure."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker acknowledges that people who own properties are more likely to benefit from property buyouts. However, the implied meaning is that the property buyout program may reinforce existing socioeconomic disparities, as people with more wealth are generally more often property owners. This suggests that the program may not be equally accessible to everyone, which is different from the literal meaning of the turn.","questions":"What barriers have there been to property ownership in the U.S. for various people, as mentioned in turn (2)?","answer":"Barriers"}
{"text":["Right.",". . . in their noses, and that was because it was reflected back to visible light.","Oh, interesting.","But now, we're able to micronize that. And when we do that, we're able to make those molecules smaller, and you can focus just on the UVB and UVA, which is important for sun protection."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A explains the importance of micronizing molecules for sun protection.","questions":"Which molecules are important for sun protection?","answer":"Molecules"}
{"text":["Billion with a B. And they have their own cable channels. I mean, they're major sports players. And almost all that revenue comes from two sports, men's basketball and football.","So where does all of that money go?","Not to the student athletes. Under NCAA rules, they're amateurs. They cannot be compensated beyond their scholarships and the cost of attending college. But it goes to coaches' salaries. It goes to facilities. It goes to the conference commissioners who all make an excess of $2 million now. There are a lot of people who are millionaires because of these sports. And so everyone gets paid except for the student athletes.","So how does race factor into all of this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that there is a racial component to the exploitation of student-athletes.","questions":"What is the topic of exploitation in college sports related to?","answer":"Race"}
{"text":["Well, you know, we had lots of time to prepare the movie, so we knew what we wanted to do. But then, you know, in a very pragmatic way, I am with the actors, and he is with the cinematographer. And most of the time, it's very fine. But sometimes - like, I don't agree with the one framing, and he does not agree with some direction of acting. And then we start yelling at each other, and it's really bad. And then, you know, we are so angry that, you know - like, we pray God that the other one will - dies. And then we sleep, and then that is the day after. And then we are friends again.","Well, let me ask you about working with actors because unlike your graphic novels - when you can move people around - the actor shines through.","Absolutely.","And does that change?Is that a little frustrating for the creator of the material?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In (2), B asks about working with actors and acknowledges that the actor's performance is distinct from the creator's vision in graphic novels. The literal meaning of the words is straightforward and does not imply any additional or hidden meanings. However, the implied meaning is that B is curious about the challenges A faces in collaborating with actors, and whether A finds it frustrating to work with actors who have their own interpretation of the material.","questions":"What is PersonB curious about when he asks PersonA about working with actors in (2)?","answer":"Challenges"}
{"text":["My God, the gratitude will be endless.","Now it's interesting what you're saying because, you know, your writing is so rooted in the Dominican community of New Jersey, specifically New Jersey is a very, you know, specific group of people. And, you know, the character, Yunior, who you have written about in your books, he's a smart, nerdy, bookish kid who I always think is maybe a little bit like yourself.","And I wonder what it's like to grow up in that community as a bookish kid, as I imagine you were, and then suddenly get an award like this, suddenly be declared a genius, suddenly have the freedom to, as they say, explore whatever you want to explore. Tell me about that journey for you, that personal journey.","Well, I mean, it bears repeating. I'm an immigrant. My father was an undocumented immigrant. I come from a community, a Dominican community that's part of a larger Latino community. And listen, you don't have to be a particularly awake person to know that for the last couple years, immigrants, Latinos and folks who have anything to do with undocumented immigration, have been just demonized by our politicians."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is very grateful and thankful, but the gratitude is not actually endless","questions":"How is PersonA's gratitude described?","answer":"NotEndless"}
{"text":["No, physically, we're - really pretty pathetic. Offhand, I cannot think of an animal which, if your size, let's say 150 pounds, that could not absolutely obliterate you in hand-to-hand or tooth-to-incisor combat. And our dominance in the world is all thanks to this trick of coming up with these codes that enable us to remember what happened yesterday or years ago. And it has a permanence that has a tremendous advantage (laughter). It has nothing to do with the theory of evolution.","Yeah. But you say that speech bedeviled Darwin as a matter of fact.","It did. He could not figure out what it was. He assumed because of his theory that everything evolved from animals, and he didn't even include it in his theory language until he decided that it came from our imitation of the cries of birds. And I think it's misleading to say that human beings evolved from animals. I mean, actually nobody knows whether they did or not. And there are very few physical signs, except for the general resemblance between apes and humans. The big evolution, if you want to call it that, is that this one species, Homo sapiens, came up with this ingenious trick, which is language.","Are you concerned, Mr.  Wolfe, or are you resolutely not concerned that people who don't believe in evolution for religious reasons, not scientific ones, are going to begin to cite your work as some kind of scientific proof?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the actual meaning is that speech was a difficult problem for Darwin to explain and understand, rather than speech causing trouble or vexation for Darwin, as the word \"bedeviled\" might suggest.","questions":"Which word might suggest that speech caused trouble or vexation for Darwin in turn (1)?","answer":"Bedeviled"}
{"text":["Well, the curfew has now been in place, you know, almost 36 hours. There are checkpoints every 300 meters. One of my Iraqi friends actually turned around to me and said, this feels like it was during the height of the invasion and the occupation of Iraq in. . .","Wow.",". . . 2003, 2004. It feels like, with so many soldiers out on the street, all that's changed is that the uniforms have changed. It's not American anymore. It's Iraqi.","Impossible to know where this might go next, of course, but in terms of the strategy that may be emerging among protesters, can you tell whether these seem organized?Are there leaders who are calling the direction of where things may go next?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The friend is referring to the most prominent moment and time of the invasion.","questions":"How does the friend's comment make PersonA feel?","answer":"Nostalgic"}
{"text":["I think that - you know I think that there a lot of lower pay guys who are, you know, for contracts who are taking - because in other words, you're getting it from somewhere, and this - the money that they're getting paid now is coming from last year. You know, that's what baseball does. I think we will see, next year, we'll begin to see the push back in terms of the long-term contracts, which contracts are taking a hit. But right now, as long as television is there and fans are, you know\u2026","Well, yeah, but are the fans going to be there?Because I'm hearing that the NFL, NBA, major league baseball fans, they're worried that - the clubs are worried because people - season ticket holders who keep thing - whole thing going they may not be re-upping the way they've been in the past.","And that's when you will see - you will see the effect of that next year. You know, right now, baseball is still going on in terms of the salaries. They're going on last year's income, which was record-setting. Now, if they've got a downturn at the turnstile, you were going to see it next year. This time next year, we could be talking about some serious, you know, shrinking, withdrawals, you know, there could be a couple of teams that aren't cutting it. And I'm talking about\u2026","That was danger."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : If they began to lose money steadily then they would change their pay.","questions":"What would happen if baseball clubs began losing money steadily?","answer":"Shrinking"}
{"text":["It is very unusual. So we found out in a backhanded sort of way and then called up the Pentagon to say - hey, is this true?Have you guys not released that money?Yeah, well, it is. Well, why?And they didn't have an answer to that question.","All right. So let me fast-forward us along on our timeline to August 30. You wrote a letter on that date to Mick Mulvaney, the head of the Office of Management and Budget - OMB - also acting White House chief of staff.","Yeah. We wanted to have as much force behind the letter as possible, so we did it in a bipartisan way with me and ranking member Thornberry, the ranking Republican on the Armed Services Committee. We sent off the letter saying, you know, please release the money, and please tell us why you're holding it up.","Yeah, I've got this letter in front of me. It's straightforward, one page. (Reading) Please inform the committee why these funds are being held and when they will be released."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They found out the information in an indirect way from people not involved.","questions":"What did they do after finding out the information?","answer":"Called"}
{"text":["Hurricane Dorian, now a Category 4 storm, is stalled over the northern Bahamas. It's moving at just 1 mile an hour as it pulls away and begins a turn to the north toward the southeastern United States. Storm surges, estimated at 15 to 20 feet, are crashing onto Grand Bahama Island. Over the weekend, Dorian left thousands of people on Abaco Island to the east without roofs, transportation and communications. Lindsay Thompson is with the Bahamas National Emergency Management Agency. She did not have any immediate information on casualties.","Preliminary information indicates that there is extensive flooding. Of course, there will be infrastructural damage when you have that level of a storm - a hurricane - historic, as well - passing through an island, which is relatively flat, as well. There's a lot of sand dunes. And so there is a concern for us with excessive flooding.","What about injuries?","Well, we haven't had any reports of injuries. Not that there aren't any, but we just don't have any reports of injuries as yet, if there are any.","Well, how much were the islands able to prepare for Hurricane Dorian?I mean, to stock up on adequate supplies, to make sure people got to shelters safely. Do you think there was enough time in advance?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The storm caused significant damage and flooding, which was expected given the flat terrain of the islands.","questions":"What type of terrain do the islands have?","answer":"Flat"}
{"text":["We're joined now by NPR correspondent Kim Masters. Hi, Kim.","Hi, Alex.","Kim, remind us why the Screen Actors Guild and the studios haven't been able to see eye to eye.","Well, the big fight is how actors will be compensated for work in new media. They want jurisdiction and they want a piece of the pie. And the great backdrop against which this happened is that the entire Hollywood working community felt that they were short-changed when DVDs came into play; they didn't get a big enough piece of that pie. A lot of people have said they don't want to be burned again. The studios take the position that this is still a very new and not particularly lucrative media and that they need time and they're not going to start cutting in the actors on that big of a piece at this point, and they point that every other union that takes residuals has settled for an existing deal that the writers took and that the directors took. The Screen Actors Guild, which has very aggressive leadership, is the last holdout."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement from B implies that Screen Actors Guild and the studios haven't been able meet in-person because they are portrayed as having very aggressive leadership and being the last union to hold out for a better deal. ","questions":"Which union is the last holdout?","answer":"Guild"}
{"text":["One of the roles that he may well play is kind of smoothing out the relations between President-elect Obama and his secretary of state to be, Hillary Clinton. The two were once rivals. Can you give an example of how he might go about in mediating, making sure that everything runs smoothly?","Well, I don't think you're going to have to ask that. Senator Hillary Clinton is a real pro. She's a great American. And she will know and understand her role. I just have no qualms about their needing any mediation whatsoever, and I don't think Jim Jones or anyone else will have to do it.","Can you give an example, politics aside, business aside, maybe of a time that you two shared together that just gave you a sense of what he was like?","We made a trip, as I recall, to the Balkans a good number of years ago when he was a one star general, and just sitting with and listening to him tell about the intricacies of situations there. He has a good handle on the problems that that faces."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : SENATOR HILARY CLINTON KNEW HER ROLE  VERY WELL AND TOO A GREAT AMERICAN","questions":"How would you describe Senator Hillary Clinton's abilities?","answer":"Great"}
{"text":["Do the doctors in these cases have any sort of ethical obligations with regards to the number of embryos?","I think they really do. Mega multiple births - seven, eight babies - are, as you pointed out, hugely risky, very dangerous to the mother. I don't know of any case where some of the children were not severely disabled as a result of prematurity or complications. The doctors have to try and do what they can to avoid it. And to be blunt, anybody who would transfer embryos - seven or eight embryos at a time - into a woman, I think, is basically close to malpractice.","And if you super-ovulated a woman using drugs, you've got to monitor that woman very, very closely. And if you see too many eggs, I think you need to advise them they better not have sexual relations or artificial insemination. They're going to make too many babies.","So if that took place, if the latter took place, what could they say to the mother and what they can legally do?I mean, isn't really up to the mother whether or not she carries these babies?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Transferring seven or eight embryos at a time into a woman is close to malpractice","questions":"What is the maximum number of embryos that should be transferred into a woman at a time according to the speaker in turn 1?","answer":"Seven"}
{"text":["And so if we organize the production and the processing and distribution of organic foods on a large scale, there's efficiencies to be had. This is actually kind of an experiment, a test. You know, how much of the extra costs that you pay when you buy organic food - how much of that is just the fragmented nature of the business?How much of it is the small-scale aspect?And how much of it is inherent in organic production?","Well, there's no question that Walmart is kind of the king of logistics. But if you talk to some of their suppliers, they'll also complain that Walmart is the king of squeezing them and making them produce the product ever more cheaply at their own expense.","Right. So you could say this is a threat to some organic producers who are used to higher margins. On the other hand, I mean, the organic production is expanding, and if Walmart wants large quantities, they may have to outbid other producers. There is a limit right now on the amount of organic food for sale. They say they want to expand that, and there's no reason why they couldn't. There's lots of land out there. Right now, organic is actually a very small part of American food production, people say 5 percent or less. So there's no reason why Walmart couldn't expand organic production if they offered a good price. The question is can they do it cheaply?","Part of this has to do with trust. Are people going to stop going to Whole Foods and go over to Walmart 'cause they can get the eggs $2 cheaper?I'm a little skeptical."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of hesitant or noncommittal language may indicate a lack of confidence or a desire to avoid making a definitive statement.","questions":"What is the PersonA's attitude towards making a definitive statement?","answer":"Hesitant"}
{"text":["And now we'll go to another Dickerson. This is Brian Dickerson. He's a political columnist for the Detroit Free Press. And we're going to talk about Michigan. It is one of the key swing states in this election. Welcome to the program.","Thank you, Madeleine.","Well, both candidates have stumped a lot in Michigan, and is either candidate getting more traction?","Well, the most recent polls this week are a little mixed. But generally, the average of the reputable polls has been showing Obama steadily in front since about mid-June and picking up some momentum in the last two or three weeks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Well, both candidates have stumped a lot in Michigan, and is either candidate getting more traction?\" - This turn has a literal meaning and is also used with its actual meaning.","questions":"Which candidate has been leading in the Michigan polls?","answer":"Obama"}
{"text":["The field is shrinking. That's the first thing that's happened. There are going to be 10 candidates and only 10. And for the first time, you're going to see the top three candidates standing next to each other in the center stage. That's Joe Biden, who's been leading the polls, Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders. And what most people are waiting to see is if there will be a Warren-Biden clash.","OK. So of those three candidates you just named, Joe Biden remains still at the top of the Democratic field. But he hasn't had really great debate performances. So the one question I have is, how much do debates really matter to the campaign?","You know, you can make an argument that the debates really haven't mattered much because look at Joe Biden. He's still on top of the field even though he has not had a good performance in the debates. Elizabeth Warren has moved up steadily, but not because of anything she did in the debates. It's because she's had all these plans, and she's performed well on the campaign trail. But in one sense, the debates are having an impact, and it's a negative one because the overall image of the Democrats and their policy ideas has gotten more negative among the general electorate as this debate season has gone on.","Interesting. The debates have not been great PR for the Democratic Party. Well, Elizabeth Warren has been gaining support the past few months. She's going to be facing Joe Biden onstage for the first time. What do you think her hardest challenges are going to be onstage?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The field is not getting physically smaller, it has less candidates. ","questions":"How does PersonA describe the number of candidates in the field?","answer":"Shrinking"}
{"text":["The military also can benefit tremendously from this because if trade were to open with India - the military is a major producer of cement. They own a lot of state-owned enterprises, which they run for the benefit of ex-servicemen for the veterans. And they would be a major exporter of cement to India. Moreover, if there was transit trade between India through Pakistan and Afghanistan to Central Asia, the military is the largest transporter in the country.","So there are opportunities that need to be spelled out. But more important, I think, this is an opportunity for the Pakistani prime minister to have a national debate about this issue so that he can bring everybody on board.","What has the change been in the past few weeks, even, that gives you some optimism?","Well, it's not just the past few weeks. I think this is a change that has been occurring in the last decade or so. It's not perfect, and both leaders in India, and Pakistan will face enormous opposition from entrenched interests, apart from having a sclerotic bureaucracy that won't want to give up power and controls and business interests that may have helped them win their elections that want to retain their preferred access to state resources. It's not going to be easy, but I see strong possibility and I see a convergence of the need for economic development and growth, which will benefit people in general."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be subtly implying that they are not interested in continuing a conversation or that they would prefer to end the discussion.","questions":"How does PersonB respond to PersonA's statement in turn 2?","answer":"Interested"}
{"text":["All right, so how did it feel in those moments after the race?Take us there.","Picture this. There are about 150,000 people at Churchill Downs rooting for this race, plus millions more watching at home. But from the vantage point of the people in the stands, all they see are the pink silks of Maximum Security's jockey pulling out ahead and crossing the finish line on a muddy track. So first, there was cheering. I mean, Maximum Security was the favorite to win, and a lot of people were betting on that horse.","Then there was 20 minutes of confusion. You have the objection. You had these unofficial results on the board, saying that Maximum Security won. You have people trying to cash in their tickets at the betting windows. Other people are leaving not knowing who won. And in the press room, we were just sitting there stunned, waiting for the official call.","Why did racing officials disqualify Maximum Security?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It wasn't the pink silks that won but the horse and jockey wearing them.","questions":"How did Maximum Security win the race?","answer":"jocky"}
{"text":["It's been, you know, the most difficult and the most rewarding. And as I've performed in America and in England, I've seen some of the slight language differences have actually come up between, you know, performances and altering things.","Joe, do you think that you've learned something about human nature, in other words, the things that the psychologists are trying to put - to quantify and put numbers on. Do you think that you've instinctively figured out some things about human nature, about how the mind works, and how perception works?","JOE #2: Absolutely. Absolutely. And it's the most rewarding part about being a magician, I think. And I think that anybody who would want to go to your public library and get, you know, the first book on card tricks or coin tricks or whatever interests you, you'll find that you'll learn way more than just how to do a trick at a party because it's in performing that trick at a party or for your friends or your family that you'll find that you get a little inside glimpse at the backstage of the human mind.","Interesting. Joe, thanks very much for your call. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION on NPR News. Teller, we have an email that's just come in. Guess what the guy's name is."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) The implied meaning is that the speaker has encountered some subtle differences in language between American and British audiences while performing, which has been challenging but also rewarding.","questions":"What has Joe learned about human nature through his experience as a magician?","answer":"Perception"}
{"text":["The Trump administration - or at least the president - have indicated previously they don't share this conclusion. Saudi Embassy says the claims and the purported assessment are false. Now, let's note - President Trump has often criticized the U. S.  intelligence establishment, saying they're not right on Russia. Oh, yeah. They were the ones who said Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.","We have to ask, is there any indication in this CIA report, which has sources inside, that this is some kind of attempt by what the president's supporters call the deep state to bring him into line?","No, I don't think so. I mean, the CIA - you know, for all of the ways that the president somehow misunderstands how they operate - is looking at this situation objectively. And, yes, to some degree, they are factoring in subjective judgments about how people behave, like the crown prince. But this is not an attempt, I think, to, you know, bring the crown prince to heel or to somehow influence policy.","And we should note, too, the president, I mean, has been briefed on the CIA's findings. And what we understand is that he keeps resisting them because he doesn't have, I guess, the smoking gun. He keeps asking, well, where's the body?Or, show me the definitive proof that Mohammed bin Salman ordered this. And, you know, it doesn't always work that way."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"The Trump administration, or at least the president, has expressed doubt in the CIA's conclusion, and President Trump has previously criticized the U.S. intelligence establishment.","questions":"How has President Trump previously criticized the U.S. intelligence establishment?","answer":"criticize"}
{"text":["I did want to ask about your take on U. S.  policy in northeast Syria because back in January, you wrote on your website that it's working. You said that the U. S.  has helped defeat ISIS and prevent its resurgence, and it's done so not solely through direct military engagement, but by assisting a partner force. And I wanted to ask if you think that this assistance is sufficient to keep the threat of an ISIS resurgence in check.","It is sufficient as a foundation because what you see now is local folks holding local towns and working their best to keep them safe. But it is an international problem that requires international investment to help people have water and power and schools that run. And they merit our investment.","That was writer Gayle Tzemach Lemmon, who just returned from a reporting trip in Syria. Gayle, thanks so much for talking to us once again.","Pleasure to join you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : International investment is necessary to maintain the success against ISIS","questions":"How is the success against ISIS maintained?","answer":"Assistance"}
{"text":["Thanks, Scott.","What's the latest - quick shutdown or will it last?","It became pretty clear by early evening on Friday that there would be a shutdown, so it sort of began with a whimper. Members had already adjourned and gone home at midnight when the shutdown officially started. Where we're at as the bill is in the Senate, and Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell has said the next vote is going to be on what can pass. And that is a bill that's going to need to be able to overcome a 60 vote hurdle and have the guarantee from President Trump that he will sign it. Negotiations are expected to continue through the weekend. In the House, lawmakers have been told that they'll be given 24 hours' notice before there's a vote. What needs to happen is one party is going to have to blink. Either Republicans and the president are going to have to agree to less money for the wall or Democrats are going to have to agree to it but try to extract some kind of compromise to make it something they can support. You know, the wall has just become just this volatile political symbol of this presidency. So it's added and loaded of all the politics between the two parties that doesn't make compromise very easy on this.","And it's the third - the third shutdown in a year. This is becoming a habit. Remind us how the federal government and citizens are affected by a shutdown like this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A government shutdown affects the government and its citizens negatively.","questions":"How are the government and citizens affected by a shutdown?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["It's good to be here, Tony.","You know, you've been getting pretty hot under the collar about this issue, I understand. Why is it such a concern for you?","It's a concern for me because it's a misunderstanding that a lot of ex-convicts have. If you have a felony it has been in the past that often states do restrict or disenfranchise those who have a felony conviction. Those laws have changed over the years, and now in most states it's no longer the case, or there are means by which you can get your civil rights back. But a lot of people - a lot of ex-convicts or felons that I knew that ended up in my court system simply rested on the false notion that they did not have the ability to vote. And that ended and that kept them from further embracing or engaging in the community, and kept them separate, and apart, and not where they needed to be.","Is it a situation where an ex-felon is allowed - is entitled to have his or her voting rights restored, but the process by which those voting rights are restored is so cumbersome that they either don't know about it or they don't go through it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : under the collar implies very much concerned and restless about the situation ","questions":"How was PersonA feeling about the issue?","answer":"Concerned"}
{"text":["Thank you very much.","What is the mission of this March for Science?","I think the profession of science is under attack. And why is that happening?Because we've really ceded the floor. We haven't engaged in politics. We've left that open for politicians to come in and really hijack and obfuscate science for their own selfish needs.","When you say that science is under attack, to what degree should we read this march as a protest against Trump administration policies?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : When the speaker references the Trump administration policies, they are implying that the policies may not be informed by scientific evidence or research, and that the march is a protest against that.","questions":"Which administration's policies is the speaker referencing in turn 3?","answer":"Trump"}
{"text":["How fair or accurate is the idea that Joan Kroc gave away Ray Kroc's money to a lot of places and causes of which he would not have approved?","A lot of old-guard McDonald's people I've talked to are angry that Joan made gifts that, in their estimation, were more liberal-leaning than Ray, perhaps, would've liked, including her million-dollar gift to the Democrats - now - and her active work in the peace movement and building these peace institutes at both Notre Dame and the University of San Diego.","I don't think she did it to spite Ray or to get back at him at all, although I do know that during the course of their marriage, she said she suppressed her politics and her interests in some ways because she didn't want to seem untoward. And yet, that doesn't square up with the fact that she started this alcoholism education charity while Ray was clearly afflicted. So the dichotomy or the juxtaposition of all these odd facts with Joan is what makes her so interesting to me. She was a very complicated person.","Lisa Napoli, her book, \"Ray And Joan: The Man Who Made The Mcdonald's Fortune And The Woman Who Gave It All Away. \""],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implied meaning here is not about the fairness or accuracy of the idea, but rather about whether Joan Kroc's donations were in line with Ray Kroc's beliefs and whether Joan acted out of spite or not.","questions":"How did Joan Kroc's donations differ from Ray Kroc's beliefs?","answer":"Beliefs"}
{"text":["Seems like air conditioners break down when they're needed most - when it's hottest - and furnaces give out when it's coldest - when they have to pump out the most heat. What has this fearsome winter been like for a heating repair technician?We turn now to Doug Braford, who works all shifts in Cleveland, where temperatures hit record lows in February. Mr.  Braford joins us from the studios of the idea stream, WCPN in Cleveland. Thanks so much for being with us.","You're welcome. It's good to be here.","So tough few weeks?","Yeah, it's been a tough season this year. You know, it's definitely been a winter that's held on and really hasn't given us too many breaks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 1) is a statement about air conditioners and furnaces breaking down in extreme weather conditions.","questions":"Which season has given the heating repair technician a hard time according to the dialogue?","answer":"Winter"}
{"text":["All the Neanderthals are quite closely related to each other, all the ones that have been studied genetically so far. But this individual, this Denisovan girl, is very distantly related to the Neanderthals. She's more distantly related than the most distantly related present-day humans that are on Earth today.","And so she is another group, and we also have a molar, a tooth from a Denisovan. We know she's - that tooth is from a Denisovan because we've extracted its DNA. And that tooth is a very big molar. It's much bigger than any modern human or Neanderthal molar. So they also had teeth that were different from either modern humans or Neanderthals.","So if you're a natural history museum, and you have your diorama of, you know, of ancestry, and you've got a Neanderthal there, do you now have to put a Denisovan standing right next to that Neanderthal?","I think you do, but you won't know what they look like."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Denisovan girl is less related to Neanderthals than present-day humans.","questions":"What is the relationship between Denisovan girl and present-day humans?","answer":"Distantly"}
{"text":["Absolutely. It's going to be an incredible weekend. We have saxophone competition which we'll be talking about. But as a part of the competition, we also have a major tribute concert each year and this year, it's dedicated to B. B. King and to the blues. The blues have had a huge influence on jazz, and we established last year an education program in Mississippi Delta called 'The Blues and Jazz, Two American Classics,' which is the theme of this weekend. And there, we worked with young kids and really introduced them, originally in the Mississippi Delta to their great roots and heritage and the life of B. B. King, who is from Indianola.","And then from there, that program has branched out nationally and we have public school programs in Memphis and Chicago, Kansas City daily. But with B. B. King this weekend, we're bringing a large array of artist to pay tribute to him. We've got everybody from Keb Mo and Robert Cray to the great Joe Louis Walker. Bono and The Edge are coming in to represent the rock community.","That's great.","And from the jazz community, it's Herbie Hancock, Wayne Shorter and many others. And we'll all be paying tribute to B. B. and his great influence on especially jazz music."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : to pay tribute means to do something respectfully to someone else","questions":"What does paying tribute mean?","answer":"Respectfully"}
{"text":["Things have been added during the years. There is what's called the SkyLine level, which is a public event space built at the 100-foot level. They've also built a building kind of around the base that has the gift shop. Otherwise, it's pretty much intact.","Mm-hmm. And it was built with the science fair in mind as part of a larger ground. Part - it would fit into the larger works of the whole world's fair here.","That's right. It was actually late coming in the fair. They realized in the process, they needed a symbol for the fair, and they didn't have one. They didn't have a means of financing it. They didn't have a location for it. The Space Needle is where it is because the city managed to find a small piece of property that they could sell to a private developer to build the Space Needle. And it happened to be the perfect spot.","You talked about the structure itself having a very feminine shape to it. But anybody who has looked at this thing swears that it looks like a UFO at the top there landing or taking off."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The tower has curves along it's base that resemble the curves of a woman.","questions":"How does the Space Needle's base resemble?","answer":"Curves"}
{"text":["Sometimes you hear about couples fighting over stuff. We need a new car. No, we don't need a new car, you know, rather spend the money on having the kids go and get braces than get a new car. But I need my ride to look good, you know, questions like that.","Absolutely.","That come up in families. How do you adjudicate if that's the kind of issue that's coming up in your relationship?","Well, you first of all have to make the people involved understand that that is actually the issue. Most people don't see it that way. When you say - when people say they want a car, they don't usually say, I need a car to look good. They usually think they really need a car. They don't understand that that they're feeling an ego need. So you have to understand - get people to understand what their need is based on."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : don't see something in a certain way in this context is that they don't agree with something, or they don't fully understand the given situation.","questions":"Which issue do people involved in this context usually fail to understand?","answer":"Issue"}
{"text":["And how - it has a unique design to it. Who designed it and why does it have the shape it has?","That's a really interesting question. There's - it's actually a complicated story. The chief architect was a man named John Graham Jr. , had a large architectural firm. He was mainly known as the man who invented the first really successful shopping mall, which was here in Seattle, Northgate. He had the task of creating the Space Needle. But he - they got stuck on the design. They had a doodle on a napkin. He had a bunch of architects who began looking at a tower-like structure. They were inspired by a tower, a broadcast tower in Germany, in Stuttgart, which had a restaurant on it. And so they knew they wanted an observation deck. But they were kind of open to what else they would do. They thought about putting a planetarium up there and a helicopter pad.","No kidding.","Yeah. They considered all kinds of things. And - but they were stuck on coming up with a design that was really a wow design. So John Graham hired as a consultant a professor from the University of Washington named Victor Steinbrueck. He's known locally in Seattle as architect-activist who saved the Pike Place Market. But he was a designer, and he worked on the Space Needle design."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They could not come up with an idea that would impress people.","questions":"Which aspect of the Space Needle design was causing the architects to struggle?","answer":"Design"}
{"text":["Initially, Manaf was very close to Bassel. I mean, he was his childhood friend. But when Bassel died and Bashar became the heir, obviously, the friendship and the loyalties were transferred to Bashar. And Manaf was by Bashar's side, you know, from the get-go.","You know, in 2011, when the uprising started, here, Manaf made the break and said, you know, I'm not going to be like my father, Mustafa; I'm not going to kill, you know, to preserve this regime. So he stepped back and eventually had to leave the country.","When you talked to Manaf Tlass, who was a loyalist for so long, what does he say is the moment when he said, I got to get out of this - this friendship, this country?","Initially, when the uprising started, Manaf was trying to convince Bashar not to use violence, not to actually shoot protesters. But the problem is, you know, Bashar was surrounded by these hardliners - his brother Maher al-Assad and his cousin Hafez Makhlouf. So this is very much a family affair ruling Syria. These people were for actually shooting people from the first day. And the idea was if you shot enough people from the first day, you would scare them off the streets. That was the logic."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The hardliners around Bashar were responsible for using violence against protesters","questions":"What was the logic behind shooting protesters from the first day according to A?","answer":"Logic"}
{"text":["What was the basis on which you were denied?","They said that we need to request a formal tour. And this is the problem. You know, I was at Homestead yesterday - the facility in Florida that houses 2,700 mostly teenage migrants. You think about it - they do these guided tours only at very specific times when they have a lot of notice about when people are going to come through. I'm told that lawyers who represent the kids in there have to sign a nondisclosure agreement so that they can't talk about the conditions in there.","It makes you wonder, what are they hiding?Why do we keep seeing images of overcrowding and of terrible living conditions, and then journalists go in there on one of these guided tours, and everything seems to be fine?","You visited another community center where there are migrant families or children. What did they tell you?Have you been able to get any reports?Or did any people who'd been in those facilities have anything to say to you about what the conditions were there?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The facility only allows guided tours at specific times and lawyers have to sign an NDA, suggesting they have something to hide.","questions":"Which agreement do lawyers have to sign when they represent kids at the Homestead facility?","answer":"NDA"}
{"text":["Now, while you are putting all of that together and getting ready to write it, you still have a - have to do your shift with the overnight with the cops, right?","Yeah. That's about once a month. And we actually get - I actually get a break when I'm covering the legislative session, which lasts two months. I actually get a break because the younger reporters - they have to pull a night cop shift at least once a week. So I consider myself lucky.","Well, you have worked there for 18 years.","Eighteen years. Yeah.","I gather that you were not planning to stick around that long, but then you did. Why?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied Meaning: You have been employed with the company for 18 years, which is a long time.","questions":"What is the duration of PersonA's employment?","answer":"18"}
{"text":["It's like a bird treadmill. I mean, it's the same idea, right?","Right.","And the point of this study, which Ivo Ros is doing, was to figure out how much energy it takes to fly. So they have a little heart monitor hooked up to the cockatiels. But again, like imagine what this is like for the cockatiels. So there's all this training involved because for a bird to be flapping their wings and not going anywhere is really weird. So they have to, you know, encourage them not to sit on the bars. And it just was. . .","There's no scenery changing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"But again, like imagine what this is like for the cockatiels.\" - The speaker is not asking the listener to imagine the experience of being a cockatiel, but rather to empathize with the potential discomfort and stress that the birds may experience during the experiment.","questions":"What is the purpose of the heart monitor in the cockatiel experiment?","answer":"measurements"}
{"text":["I'm just over the line. I'm near Heartbreak Hill, actually, and was out on the root of the race earlier today. But no, I'm - it would be very, very difficult to get down near the finish line on any marathon day at this hour.","And certainly at this point not safe to go anywhere near the Boston Marathon, and I assumed it's advisable that if you are in Boston you stay well away from the scene. Tell me about what kind of things you're seeing or what kind of reports you're seeing about the site itself, what it looks like.","The site itself looks like - I mean there is grey smoke on - these are just the images that are coming out of the area now. (Technical difficulties) been wall-to-wall people just an hour ago is now basically emptied out except for authorities. The place - the streets are littered with signs meant to be cheering on runners, water bottles and so on, and seems to be covered in a kind of grey dust. And we saw the windows on storefronts completely shuttered out, sidewalk stained with blood. From reports - eyewitnesses down there anyway, reporting, it seems that there were some very, very injuries.","I've been watching. They've been replaying on the television networks over and over at least one image - a video image of at least one of the explosions and they don't seem to show the next one. Do we know how far apart they were - a matter of seconds, was it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is difficult to get near the finish line during a marathon day.","questions":"What landmark is near the location mentioned by A?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["But we don't know what types of tools the Denisovans made. The Neanderthals lived in Western Eurasia and in Europe, and the Denisovans seem to have lived in the eastern parts of Eurasia, and we don't have a well-defined group of skeletons or archaeology that we know must have been left behind by a group.","But amazingly, we do have a genome sequence from the Denisovans, and we can use the genome sequence to study how they're related to Neanderthals and modern humans.","How do you get such an accurate reading of a genome from a 50,000-year-old bone?I mean, it would seem - you know, it's an old bone.","Yeah, it's really old. So ancient DNA is an amazing field that's really become revolutionized over the last few years because of the revolution for medical genetics, from genomics, which has made the cost of DNA sequencing come down by a factor of about 100,000 over the last decade and especially in the last year by many thousand-fold."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The genome sequence helps us study the relationship between Neanderthals and Denisovans.","questions":"How can we use the genome sequence to study the relationship between Neanderthals and Denisovans?","answer":"Study"}
{"text":["Hi, senator. How are you doing?","I'm great. How are you?","I'm doing great. So your two major competitors in this race have come to symbolize certain things. Senator Edwards paints himself as the candidate who's going to end poverty and Senator Obama's supporters say he's the candidate of change. So what do you symbolize?","Well, I think that I'm the candidate with the experience we need to make the changes we want. I don't think there is an either or here. That's a false choice. We have to look at each of us and what we represent and what we have done in our lives and what we believe we can do as the next president."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3).  In this turn, the speaker asks what the senator symbolizes in the current political race. The literal meaning of the words is clear, but the implied meaning is more complex. The speaker is really asking the senator to define their political platform and message, and to explain how they differ from their competitors. The question is meant to elicit a nuanced response that goes beyond simple symbolism.","questions":"How would you describe the complexity of the question asked by \"B\" in turn 2?","answer":"Complex"}
{"text":["Right.","There must be some science to this, right?","Yeah. There's actually a little bit of fun science. Egg whites are basically liquid. But they're full of protein?That's why they're good for us. And so when you whip them, you're breaking down those proteins.","And the proteins are usually like little balls that hang out by themselves, but when you whip them, they unfurl, they unfold and they start bonding with each other. And as they bond, they create a structure. And that structure captures air bubbles, and it gives the foam its shape. And we're going to have a nice fluffy cloud as a result."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Whipping egg whites breaks down proteins and creates a structure that captures air bubbles, resulting in a fluffy foam.","questions":"What is the structure that captures air bubbles when whipping egg whites?","answer":"proteins"}
{"text":["A clever grounds crew can mean a difference in close games, can't it?","Oh, definitely. Well a grounds crew can tailor the field in very small ways that might impact the outcome of the game. You know, gone are the days of legendary Kansas City groundskeeper George Toma and his ilk - the (unintelligible). They really would tailor the fields in unbelievable ways. They would tilt the foul lines in a certain way so that bunts wouldn't roll foul. They were harden the turf to make it more difficult for players to slide if they didn't want the opposing team to slide.","Nowadays, uniformity is really something that is mandated by Major League Baseball. But there are still small ways. I visited with Trevor Vance, who's the head groundskeeper for the Kansas City Royals. And this was during 2015 - the year they would ultimately win the World Series. And he talked about how he made the infield play very fast - you know, shorter grass - because they had young, athletic infielders. And they felt that that was an advantage for them because they knew that their guys could get to the ball. And the other team probably couldn't.","There's so much joy in your book. But I have to ask, are there bad memories, if not ghosts, at the New Orleans Superdome?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing frustration or dissatisfaction with their current experiences using crowdsourcing platforms like AMT and is looking for ways to improve their outcomes.","questions":"Which platform is the speaker referring to?","answer":"AMT"}
{"text":["They were still very poor. She still was saddled with this really enormous burden of caring for a child who's both extremely physically disabled and HIV positive, and I think she really struggled with - you know, she wanted to live, and she still is doing very well, but she also - she had these demons that kept pursuing her, I think.","You have a really interesting section where you talk about basically ethical decisions that reporters have to make. And, in essence, you say reporters, most reporters, wouldn't think anything of taking a government minister out for a fancy dinner, but they wouldn't buy mealy-meal and vegetables for a poor family. And yet they're extracting the same, if not more, amounts of information from the poor family as from the government minister.","You made a decision in some of these cases to really try to help the family. How did you make that decision?","Well, I mean, I think I realized from the very beginning when I was starting the process of doing research for this book that I wasn't going to be able to maintain a completely objective journalistic stance, you know, if the idea was to go back again and again over a long period. And you know, one of the advantages of writing a book as opposed to a newspaper article or something shorter is that you do have the luxury of being able to explain that relationship to the readers."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase \"she had these demons that kept pursuing her\" in turn (1) is an idiomatic expression that means she had personal issues or problems that continued to affect her.","questions":"How did the woman in turn (0) struggle?","answer":"Caring"}
{"text":["I mean, race is all throughout this conversation in the way people think about it and who the actual players are literally in this case. So Shaun Harper, who is a scholar on diversity in higher education at USC, said that, you know, many of the schools in the Power Five were either officially or effectively segregated for most of their histories. And that has really tangible consequences for the way campus life looks. And so these are conceived as white spaces. Their fan bases are white. Their alumni bases are white. Their cultural spaces are white. And so black students will be players in football and basketball. They'll be on the court and the field but they won't be in the stands.","So you're saying black people will be players. What do those demographics look like?","So most of the players in the money sports, in football and basketball at the Power Five schools, are black. So 56 percent of the basketball players - men's basketball players - are black. Fifty-five percent of the football players are black. But 2. 4 percent of the students at these schools are black men. And so this is -","Only?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The schools in the Power Five are predominantly white spaces.","questions":"What is the racial composition of the Power Five schools?","answer":"Predominantly"}
{"text":["But any discussion of regulating it?","Yeah, absolutely. And in fact, the organizer did bring in a bunch of bioethicists to attend this meeting to really remind people of the concerns people have about this. And for example, one of the bioethicists got up in the opening stages of the meeting to remind people that this is the 200th anniversary of the publication of Mary Shelley's \"Frankenstein,\" and people could sort of draw a connection between these two events in their minds. And so they had to be really careful. They had to be really transparent to make sure that society has an open debate about this sort of thing before it gets too far down the road.","All right, Rob Stein, NPR Health correspondent, thanks so much.","Oh, sure. Great being here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn (2) contains an example of figurative language, where the connection between the publication of Mary Shelley's \"Frankenstein\" and the discussion about regulating a particular technology is symbolic rather than literal. The bioethicist is using the reference to \"Frankenstein\" to illustrate the potential dangers of unbridled scientific progress, rather than making a direct comparison between the two events.","questions":"Which event is the bioethicist referencing to when drawing a connection with the discussion about regulating a particular technology?","answer":"Publication"}
{"text":["I don't think that the Russian trolls sitting in a factory in St.  Petersburg have First Amendment rights to communicate without restriction on Facebook. I don't think that's the issue here. The question is are we being reasonable when we expect an open platform like this to be able to wholly protect us from being exposed to that kind of information?But I do worry about overreacting to this threat of propaganda. And I do think that on some level we have to trust our citizens to be able to separate fact from fiction.","Do you have any words for Americans who support free speech but don't know where to turn and who to trust on social media?","Well, one of the things that's been encouraging in the last two years is how much Americans have turned to more trusted sources of news. People really are looking for more reliable news sources. And that's a positive development. It's never been easier to find good, responsible, interesting news. It's never been harder to avoid the bad stuff. So, I just think that what we really need to be teaching here is citizenship and judgment. And I do have some faith in the American people that they're going to figure this out.","Ben Wizner, who's director of the ACLU's Speech Privacy and Technology Project, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A believes that Facebook should be responsible for protecting people from propaganda, but not necessarily limit free speech. 2. A believes that people should be able to distinguish between fact and fiction on their own.","questions":"What is the focus of PersonA's concern regarding the protection of people from propaganda on Facebook?","answer":"Exposed"}
{"text":["So they're very competent, very professional and, quite frankly, surprisingly good. You know, we've had a tendency in this country to sort of dismiss North Korea as a backward country. But it's not. In the nuclear arena, there are two paths to the bomb. One is the plutonium path. They showed me all of that in 2004 - not very fancy but good enough. And then in 2010, they actually showed me centrifuge facility. That was simply astounding. It was a modern facility, and it was remarkable for them to have that.","One of the goals of these potential talks is the denuclearization of North Korea. Given they've got such capabilities, how likely is it to happen?","Well, first of all, I think it's not very likely to happen. What's significant in the current situation is they've actually said that they would be willing to give up nuclear weapons, you know, if their security is assured, and they're not threatened. However, to think that's going to happen in the short term is just not realistic because to build a nuclear weapons program, it's an enormous number of facilities. It's a large number of people. It took, well, more or less 50 years but particularly the last 25 years to get to where they are today. They're not going to turn that over overnight.","Well, short of full denuclearization, what other steps could North Korea take to prove, you know, its sincerity in this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : North Korea is not as backward as we tend to believe.","questions":"How was North Korea's centrifuge facility described?","answer":"Modern"}
{"text":["Congress looked like they might get some kind of deal on immigration this past week. Didn't happen. What did happen?","They had a big sit-down meeting among all the House Republicans, and they talked about a deal, but they didn't reach one. The problem is that one faction within the House Republican caucus wants to protect the DREAMers, the people in the U. S.  illegally who were brought here as children. The other faction at the opposite end of the spectrum opposes anything they see as amnesty. And they want full funding for Trump's border wall with Mexico and a number of other changes to current law on legal immigration as well.","So it's not clear how much of that can get worked out, even among House Republicans, let alone with the Senate or the president.","I have to ask, how does the director of the Environmental Protection Agency, Scott Pruitt, hold onto his job?It seems like every few hours, there's charges of some kind of new ethical infraction. Yeah. I mean, he would have been let go from a greeter position at Walmart by now."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The House Republicans have conflicting views on illegal immigration and the border wall, making it difficult to reach a deal.","questions":"What is causing difficulty in reaching a deal among House Republicans?","answer":"Conflicting"}
{"text":["I think you maybe missed your calling as a cybercriminal, Scott. Criminals are always looking to, what is the formula that makes paying the ransom worth it to the person who I'm attacking?So I'm absolutely certain that you're right that you will see an uptick in at least attempts to do this in other cities.","Cities have computer experts, right?Shouldn't they be avoiding these attacks somehow?","I think it's a pretty sensitive issue. In the case of Baltimore, the mayor came out and publicly blamed the National Security Agency for having lost some exploits several years ago that had resulted in the attack that they sustained. But at the same time, there had been a patch available that the city hadn't put in place.","You know, nationwide, there was an enormous lack of people with cybersecurity skills. City governments aren't known for their enormously high salaries. So I think you'll see the competition at tech firms, at big banks making it very hard for these cities to have enough people in place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A thinks Scott has good knowledge of cybercriminals","questions":"Which city did the mayor blame the National Security Agency for losing some exploits several years ago?","answer":"Baltimore"}
{"text":["They do. The students often say things like, but I just want to fit in. I want to look like everyone else. And the people next to me aren't reading braille, so why should I?","So answer the question. Why should they?I mean, if it's easier to get along without having to rely on braille, tell me why you think it's still important. I'm just wondering if you're having a hard time making the case to parents as well as the students.","It's really not a hard sell to parents because we show them the data. We give them evidence that suggests students, when learning braille, they're more likely to get employment and have greater academic gains as while later in life.","How did you learn braille, by the way?Do you mind if I ask?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Learning braille has practical benefits for students' future employment and academic success.","questions":"How can learning braille benefit students?","answer":"Employment"}
{"text":["Always a pleasure, Neal.","And how big is this change?","It is big. The previous record was in 2007, where a very large percentage of this ice melted away. This year, it's already bigger than 2007 by an area the size of Texas. This is - this really shattered that record which in itself was a pretty dramatic departure from the average.","And, well, if things melt, it's because things are warmer, right?","That is exactly right. And what happens also is the Arctic ice has been getting thinner over the years. And so it used to be that you can have some warm summers up there, and you wouldn't melt it all away because you'd have 10 feet or 20 feet thick of ice. And you'd melt some of it, but you wouldn't melt it all the way through. But because of this warming trend up there, it is where the planet is warming faster than anywhere else. The Arctic, what we've seen is the ice getting thinner up there. And so a fairly small pretubance will actually melt a lot of the ice because it's thin to begin with. You don't have to melt 20 feet of ice. You might melt three feet of ice."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Arctic ice is melting faster than ever before due to global warming, which causes a thinning of the ice.","questions":"What is causing the faster melting of the Arctic ice?","answer":"Global-warming"}
{"text":["He was all those things. I. . .","Did his brother's death, in a sense, liberate him to seek a new identity, to travel, to get to know and reflect the world?","I think that shook him deep to his soul. But I think the other thing that happened was his father's stroke. He had to get his father off his back. Joe Kennedy Sr.  was a formidable but, I think, menacing figure in his life who took a sweet, young seventh born who he had called a runt and encouraged him to become tough and ruthless - first a jock at Harvard, getting his letter with a broken leg, and then becoming this enforcer for his brother.","That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid. As a kid, he was - he hung around all the time with African-American kids. Those were his playmates, even in Hyannis. He was - he, you know, Father Feeney - when Father Feeney said no salvation outside the Catholic Church, he railed against that, which was so extraordinary in that very Catholic family."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid.  The literal meaning would indicate that the person gained the attention and respect of their father by being tough, and when their father became incapacitated, they reverted to their childhood behavior. However, the implied meaning suggests that the person's father only recognized and valued them when they displayed strength and resilience, and when their father's condition changed, they reverted to their true self, which may have included aspects of vulnerability or a different set of values.","questions":"What did the old man value in his son?","answer":"Childhood"}
{"text":["I think that the idea of business is that we'd like to serve customers around the world with the capabilities and technologies that we have. But we understand that countries operate differently. They have different political structures. They have different economic priorities. That's just the way the world is, and it's - I think it's always going to be to some degree. What we think is that business can help keep the world a more peaceful place and a more prosperous place. We have a really critical role in keeping the engagement between nations constructive, to make sure that nations talk to each other and feel mutually dependent.","Tom Linebarger is the CEO of Cummins Inc, an Indiana-based company that manufactures diesel engines.","Thanks very much for joining us today.","It was a pleasure speaking with you, Ailsa. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Business can promote peace and prosperity between nations despite their differences.","questions":"How can business contribute to international relations?","answer":"communication"}
{"text":["It doesn't want to concede to American pressure because it fears that if it concedes under pressure, that's going to project weakness and invite even more pressure. And so for that reason, you've seen, rather than Iran capitulating or compromising, they've begun escalating. But I think the endgame for both sides is - there's really no alternative to coming back to the negotiating table.","And there has been a string of headlines from the region involving Iran in recent weeks. This incident with the British tanker, of course, comes right after the U. S.  says it brought down an Iranian drone. Of course, Iran disputes that version of events. How connected are these events?","They're all interconnected. And essentially, the Trump administration's policy toward Iran has been to subject Iran to significant economic pressure and sanctions in the hopes that either Iran will come to the negotiating table and capitulate over its nuclear program or - I think there's some folks in the Trump administration, like national security adviser John Bolton, who would like to see the implosion of the Iranian regime.","And what Iran has done in response - Iran's supreme leader has been ruling for 30 years, and he's become pretty adept at these escalatory cycles. And he's adept at waving both the white flag of diplomacy and the black flag of radicalism and escalation. So on one hand, he sent his chief diplomat - Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif - he was recently in New York City, and he met with a lot of Western journalists. And he was talking about Iran wanting to pursue dialogue and diplomacy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is no actual endgame - this is hyperbole talking about how the situation might end up ","questions":"Which turn suggests that Iran may not actually want to negotiate and may be using escalation as a tactic?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["(Laughing) You would think, but its this weird sort of a - the more I get to know them, the more they become different objects with such different ingredients that I love them more with each passing day.","(Laughing) So I have a burrito specimen here with me in the studio. And I'm going to unwrap. . .","Is it in wax paper or tinfoil?","It is in both tinfoil and wax paper."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning is that B has a unique and special person in their life that they want to share with the world.","questions":"What is PersonB unwrapping in the studio?","answer":"Burrito"}
{"text":["Absolutely. I played hockey starting when I was 3, 4 years old, loved to go see the Canucks here in my hometown and, you know, certainly not only saw a lot of fights but kind of internalized the message that they were inherently good and valuable to the game of hockey.","And what happened that changed your view of the fighting?","So I went to a junior hockey game here in Vancouver. And it was just a regular night out with the boys, Friday night, drinking some beers, sat down in my seventh row seat. And it was one of those games where the gloves beat the puck to the ice. So there's a fight before the game even starts. And the crowd rises up around me. There's this guttural thunder. You hear it. And usually I would have been right there kind of cheering it along or not really paying it much mind.","But for some reason in that moment, I really zoned in on the two players' faces, and in that moment realized they're just children, and had to ask myself in that moment, what are we doing?We're 10,000 adults in a big room cheering for two kids to pulverize each other's faces. And I looked at the program, indeed - 16 and 17 years old. I've never been able to look at fighting the same since. But it would be a lie to say that there aren't a lot of people who are hockey fans who sincerely love this practice and this tradition."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It was a game where the players fought with each other more than played the game.","questions":"Which tradition?","answer":"hockey"}
{"text":["Well, this was not a deliberate decision of the administration. Just - there were two laws that still exist adopted in the '90s by Congress, which say that if a person becomes a member of any organization international the - it's an automatic suspension of the confidential contribution. So these two laws were triggered by the decision of our general confidence.","Well, I bring up the matter of the debt though because it seems to me any country that was paying its bills would say the United States should be thrown out of UNESCO for owing half a billion dollars.","Well, I will say that to this situation with the suspension, of course, was very unfortunate. And I have raised dozens of times this issue with the U. S.  because, of course, it is not normal that a member of a club does not pay dues. We need this financing very strongly because we implement work and projects in the world. But at the same time, we need also the political commitment of our member states. So at least we had the political commitment. So now, of course, we are losing votes. And this is really deplorable.","UNESCO must have known in July when they declared the old city in Hebron a Palestinian world heritage site that Israel would object because they say that Judaism has a lot of links to Hebron and that this would create problems in the United States."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : that UNESCO needs political commitment from member states, but the actual meaning is that UNESCO needs both financial and political commitment from member states.","questions":"Which kind of commitment does UNESCO need from its member states?","answer":"Both"}
{"text":["We should note that USA Today, which when it was founded in 1982, said it would never endorse a candidate for president - didn't want to go to that kind of - didn't want to participate in that kind of politics - has not endorsed a candidate but has said, in some departure from their usual policy, Donald Trump is unfit to be president, so don't vote for him.","What's an editorial worth in this age of social media?","You know, we know that people don't read newspaper editorials by and large. And if they ever read one, it's usually something like this in the presidential season. But we know that people read about them and hear about them.","And that's where, in the age of social media, they may actually matter more because people are going to be talking about this wipeout, this refusal of people who, remember, historically, have almost always gone with Republicans, to go with Donald Trump.","OK, now Miss Universe. Did Hillary Clinton set a trap for Donald Trump, which he sprang on himself?","You know, this story could have gone away in 24 hours or 48 hours. It could have had some impact on Monday night and perhaps, then, just gone away. We've heard an awful lot of high impact stories come and go already in this campaign."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) What's an editorial worth in this age of social media?","questions":"Which newspaper made a departure from their usual policy in regards to Donald Trump?","answer":"USA"}
{"text":["(Singing) I don't need much to be happy. Four walls and a roof overhead. Books and food in my belly, cool sheets upon the bed. A fire that warms up December. The sound of a thaw in the eaves. Sometimes it's hard to remember how tough we are to please. All in good time, somehow I find days that still shine with a light. All in good stead, I'm safe and I'm fed. With dreams in my head, goodnight. The feel of my hand being taken, driving at night all alone. The breeze on a warm summer evening and coming home.","(Singing) All in good time, somehow you find days that still shine with light. All in good stead, you're safe and you're fed. The dreams in your head, goodnight. Don't need much to be happy. A friend to soften a fall. Something to show for my labors. After all, I had to learn to be grateful, I had to learn how to see. Mistakes that might have proved fatal are gifts I now receive.","Thank you.","They don't make them this way anymore, but that would've been on the second side of the album?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker doesn't need much to be happy, but they need basic necessities like food, shelter, and warmth. They are content with what they have.","questions":"What are the basic necessities that the speaker in turn 0 needs to be happy?","answer":"Food,shelter,warmth"}
{"text":["Yeah, I think that's true. And I think any country would really struggle to deal with something this extreme. MSF was already in the country working with patients with HIV. And we're looking at Mozambique's emergency response for at least the next six months. But it's likely that it will take longer.","I mean, we've got to remember that people have lost their crops; people have lost their homes. And these are not wealthy people. These are people who - you know, many people live kind of hand-to-mouth, so their struggling is huge.","Caitlin Ryan is emergency communications officer for Doctors Without Borders. Responding to the situation in Mozambique, she's in the city of Beira this morning.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Living hand-to-mouth implies that you're just barely making ends meet. A subsistence standard of living with little to spare.","questions":"How would you describe the standard of living of the people who lost their crops and homes in Mozambique?","answer":"Huge"}
{"text":["Our reporters do OK because we report in English, but the people who reach everyday Venezuelans through radio and TV are under enormous pressure and censorship. And now, they're aiming - they're taking aim at the Internet as well. Earlier this week, there was a crackdown on Twitter. Twitter was shut down throughout Venezuela. Instagram was spotty. The state ISP wouldn't allow people access to these critical sources of news.","Tell us about Juan Guaido, head of the National Assembly. How did he become the main challenger to Maduro?","He is a smart, young guy. He's an industrial engineer. He's 35 years old. His grandparents were members of the military a couple of generations ago. So he has this kind of family understanding of what military codes and military conduct and sort of the military lifestyle it's like in Venezuela. And that really scares the regime because he knows how to speak to military officers. And we're all very clear that this will ultimately come down to whether the mid-ranking members in the military go to their generals and say, sorry, your time is up.","Francisco Toro, who's editor-in-chief of the news site Caracas Chronicles, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : your time is up means that they have to talk about something else before the program ends ","questions":"Which turn implies that the mid-ranking members of the military will decide the outcome of the situation in Venezuela?","answer":"Speaker"}
{"text":["And of course we speak this week on a week in which the city of Baltimore has been undergoing a lot of restiveness, including injuries and arrests. What do you make of the fact that you've got Wednesday's ballgame played at Camden Yards, but no audience?","I think that's a shame. Much like how after 9\/11 I didn't think they should've called the ballgames off, I thought they should still have baseball being played. I think baseball helps people heal. It changes things. Look at Jackie Robinson, what that did for the civil rights movement. I can speak for my family when they came over from Poland at the turn-of-the-century. They combined with other immigrant kids and they all learned baseball because that was one thing that brought everybody together.","Gary Cieradkowski - his new book, \"The League of Outsider Baseball. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B: Gary Cieradkowski - his new book, \"The League of Outsider Baseball.\"Thanks so much for being with us. Actual meaning: B is thanking A for joining the conversation and promoting Gary Cieradkowski's new book. ","questions":"Which book is mentioned by PersonB in turn 2?","answer":"League"}
{"text":["Oh, yeah. There's just devastation to all the homes. Power lines are down, broken by trees. Just devastation everywhere. I mean, mold in the homes is already setting in. Just everything is destroyed.","Alison, do you worry about some of the chemicals and the detritus that's left behind?","I do worry about the chemicals. You know, none of us are by any means professionals, but there's fiberglass in the insulation. There's mold. We don't know if there's sewage covering, you know, these belongings are anything, but we do the best we can by wearing masks and gloves. And that's pretty much all we can do for now because you can't wait long to clean these homes up or it just gets worse. So we're doing the best we can now with the tools we have available to us.","Yeah. Alison Reagan, let me ask you. People in Houston and the rest of Southeast Texas have have won so much admiration from Americans this week for reacting to these terrible events with such courage and pluck. Is there something you learned about human beings, about your neighbors and strangers this week that you'd like to pass on to us?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Asking if people are concerned about the potential health risks caused by the debris and contamination left behind.","questions":"Which turn mentions the use of masks and gloves while cleaning up the homes?","answer":"turn2"}
{"text":["Another major story that might have been overlooked in a busy week - North Korea said this week it won't denuclearize until U. S.  withdraws forces from South Korea and Japan. Do you have. . .","That has. . .","Yes, go ahead.","I'm sorry. I was just going to say that has been North Korea's position forever. Their view of denuclearization is that they give up their nuclear weapons when the United States gives up its nuclear weapons. We haven't had nuclear weapons stationed in South Korea since 1992. That's not what the North Koreans are talking about. And if the president had actually had listened to North Korean experts, proliferation experts, he would have understood that when the North Koreans were agreeing to complete denuclearization, that meant the U. S.  denuclearizing, too."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The North Korean definition of denuclearization is different from the US definition.","questions":"How does North Korea's definition of denuclearization differ from the US?","answer":"Different"}
{"text":["We can say she grew up. She had a daughter of her own who became curious about family secrets kept from both her and her mother for decades. That daughter is Laura Cumming, and she's the author of \"Five Days Gone. \"She joins me now from London.","Laura Cumming, welcome.","Thank you.","Start with the kidnapping, which is absolutely central to the book you've written. It was not central to your mother's life. She was only 3. She had no memory of it. And she didn't even learn of it until she was well into middle age. Is that right?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"which is absolutely central to the book\" implies, that without that part of the story, there really wouldn't be much of a story","questions":"Which part of the story does the turn \"which is absolutely central to the book\" refer to?","answer":"b"}
{"text":["Yeah. So let's take Muslim China, you know, the western part of China - Uighur country. They use lamb, which they don't use in the rest of China, or very little. And their noodles are made from wheat. And they have bread. So that region has this food because of its religion and because of its proximity to Turkey.","The reason I called Anissa Helou is because of a dish I've been meaning to make for a long time. In her book, she has two versions - one from Egypt, one from Syria - a nutritious and simple meal made from beans that's perfect for Ramadan or for any time, really - ful medames, or simply ful.","Ful is a very filling dish. So if you ate ful at whatever hour, you could stay without eating anything or feeling very hungry for at least five, six hours.","Helou join me in my kitchen here in D. C.  via video chat to teach me how to make both the Egyptian and the Syrian recipes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The food in a region is influenced by its religion and proximity to other countries.","questions":"What is the reason for the specific type of noodles used in Muslim China?","answer":"wheat"}
{"text":["Let's clear this up immediately: blonde, lithe, the initials V. P. So, is Vanessa Pierson Valerie Plame?","The great thing about fiction is that you can fix things and make things better. I think Vanessa is a smarter version of where I was. And it's definitely informed by my experiences in the CIA.","Well, that raises another question. So, did you take some top-secret operation and just thinly fictionalize it to this book and, you know, are. . .",". . . are there Russian agents reading this now and saying, oh, this is what we were looking for?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Well, that raises another question.So, did you take some top-secret operation and just thinly fictionalize it to this book and, you know, are... The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking if the author took a real, top-secret operation and used it as the basis of their fictional book, and whether it might be recognizable to Russian agents.","questions":"Which question did PersonB ask about the author's inspiration for their book?","answer":"Russian"}
{"text":["Just quickly, what about men?","Men. Well men, we tend to focus more on outcomes and process. And so we kind of, you know, focus almost exclusively on the outcomes. We tend to like win-lose scenarios, as opposed to negotiating for win-win. And then, men, we tend to be command and control leaders, where as women can be more inclusive and interactive. And so we really have to work on those traits.","Has anyone ever given you static for trying to do the Mars-Venus thing, about how you see men and women?","Well, because it's really my opinion, and they typically let me have that opinion. But again, it's really a broad statement, so I'm not saying all men or all women, but just as a rule, they're some observations that I've had over the years."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Opinions on gender differences are subjective and not absolute, hence should not be generalized to all men and women","questions":"Which rule does PersonA say should not be generalized to all men and women?","answer":"observations"}
{"text":["Then later on, I ended up having to deal with, really, racism from both sides, from white people, as well as from black people who claimed that I was not really black because of the music I listened to or the way that I speak or some intangible delineation that people make in terms of how you're supposed to behave based upon the color of your skin.","Well, Brian, you know, you went on to basically go about your life and kind of sublimate this incredible pressure. But at some point, it all broke for you. What happened then?","Well, what happened was - I should back up and say that at the time that I wrote \"Not a Genuine Black Man,\" the book and the play, I decided that in order for it to be real and to be true and to be what I wanted it to be, I'd have to be completely naked. And that being the case, I knew that I would have to talk about the darkest moment in my life, which was a very severe period of depression I went through in 1999.","I had - I didn't realize it at the time, but apparently I had suffered depression since childhood, from all of the, you know, strangers driving down the street yelling the N-word, not being included because I was the only black kid and being different. And I'd spent a lot of time isolating and by myself."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A decided to be vulnerable and share about his severe depression in order to be authentic in his book and play.","questions":"What did PersonA decide to do to be authentic in his book and play?","answer":"Depression"}
{"text":["First of all, there is a lag time of - it's several months before raw material costs work their way all the way through the system. And farmers will be quick to tell you that they only get 20 cents from every food dollar. The rest of it goes to processing and labor and transportation. So all of these other factors also effect what we're paying at the grocery store.","Essentially the department is assuming that the volatility in the prices for energy and commodities is going to be with us for a while, at least through the middle of next year. In other words, the recent trends of lower prices for oil and other commodities isn't going to last, and if you look at today's spike in the price of oil, that's a good case in point.","John, you mentioned how we'll be seeing this at the grocery store. What about at restaurants?","Well, that's interesting. USDA forecast compares prices of food at home with those away from home. And in 2005 and 06, restaurant price and inflation was much higher than in grocery stores, but that changed last year and this year and supposedly will continue next year. Restaurants are now raising prices more slowly than grocery stores. Basically, restaurants are trying to absorb some of their higher food costs to cushion the blow to their customers and to keep them coming in."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"cushion the blow\" - This is an idiomatic expression that means to lessen the negative impact of something rather than actually providing cushioning.","questions":"Which idiomatic expression means to lessen the negative impact of something in turn 3?","answer":"Cushion"}
{"text":["NPR's Tovia Smith has been following the story from Boston and joins us now. Tovia, let's begin with what you saw in court today.","Well, Felicity Huffman actually broke down in tears in court as she explained to the judge that her daughter knew nothing about the scam and that her daughter's accommodation for extra time on tests was legit. But she then pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit mail fraud, admitting that she paid $15,000 to get her daughter's SAT scores boosted by having someone correct the answers after the daughter took the test.","And we know Huffman is among the most high-profile of defendants, along with the other Hollywood star Lori Loughlin, but another parent also pleaded guilty in court today, and that is LA businessman Devin Sloane, who was involved in a different angle of this scam. He paid bribes to get his son recruited to the USC water polo team even though the son was never a competitive player. And the dad went so far as to get someone to photoshop pictures of his son to look like he was. And he paid $250,000 in bribes that were disguised as charitable donations.","Sloane and Huffman are among 20 parents, coaches, others to plead guilty. What are they hoping for?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"joins us now\" - Literal meaning: Tovia Smith physically joins the radio program at that moment. Actual meaning: Tovia Smith starts speaking on the radio program.","questions":"Which phrase did PersonB use to introduce Tovia Smith to the radio program?","answer":"joins"}
{"text":["When a friend of mine pointed out that her daughter was being targeted by boys at school using a lot of these kinds of memes and words that they were learning from these extremists, I was devastated. And she told me her daughter was getting images of guns in her direct messages and, you're a feminazi and feminazis are - should be eliminated from this Earth. And to a 13-year-old girl, it's really scary.","As a writer, have you figured out why some people find this stuff appealing?","Yeah. I think there's a vulnerable group of boys, and even men, in society that - and I don't know who the forces are online. I don't know if it's malevolent media or just vloggers that want more views, but they've learned that they can target these men and boys. With men, I learned it's a lot of men who are male survivors of sexual assault or men who've been disenfranchised from their economic opportunities, divorced men. These communities target those men and their willingness to believe that society is out to get white men, their willingness to believe that women are all money-grabbing social climbers.","And with boys, I do think neurodivergent boys are being targeted, kids who may have learning difficulties, kids who have - are on the autism spectrum. But it's not just those boys. I think at this age, they're trying to figure out where they fit. They're insecure. They feel like girls have it all. Girls are happy and pretty, and white men are the enemies. And so these right-wing groups are tapping into that shame and feeding it to try and propagandize to them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The only thing that women wants is money and status in society.","questions":"Which group is being targeted by right-wing groups according to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Boys"}
{"text":["And so in my defense perhaps, you know, overly defensive, I said Anne(ph), just because some Negro preacher, got his hand caught in a cookie jar, that's not my problem. She said I can't believe you. I said, well, he wouldn't have been indicted if he wasn't guilty. She said, what?","So, how did it get to the point where you got on the bus, so to speak?","His secretary, Dora McDonald called back and said, oh, Mr.  Jones \u2014 I never met her, I heard her over the phone \u2014 she says, you know, Dr.  King, he enjoyed so much his visit with you. He's a guest preacher over in Los Angeles, and he wanted you to come and see him and hear him preach on Sunday. And so, after I got the message, I told my wife verbatim what the message was from Dora McDonald. And her reaction, again, she went on the offensive. She says, well, you may not be going to Montgomery, but you are going to that church.","So, I go this church of Reverend H. B. Charles, I think that's the name of the church, and I go into this church. I'm sitting there about the 25th row and so forth, and Dr.  King gets up after he's introduced, and he gets up and he says, brothers and sisters, the text of my sermon today is the role and responsibility of a Negro professional to aid our less fortunate people who are struggling in the South."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"the role and responsibility of a Negro professional to aid our less fortunate people who are struggling in the South\" - This statement implies that the speaker is discussing the responsibility of educated African-Americans to help those in need in the Southern United States. The literal meaning is the topic of Dr. King's sermon.","questions":"What was the topic of Dr. King's sermon?","answer":"Negro"}
{"text":["But what is likely to happen if the men succeed and these lawsuits gain class-action status?I mean, could it upend how these cases are treated?","I mean, if they did gain class-action status, which I personally think is pretty steep thing for them to get, I think that it could result in a lot of these either being kicked back to the school and these students and the survivors having to go through all of this again, and it also has a wider reaching impact as far as what students who are going through these circumstances see and think as far as reporting. And that's one of the things that I see as a concern.","Yeah. What message does it send to the victims?","Right. What message does it send to the victims who have already been a minority of people who report, and because the school didn't do it the right way, that their situation is not validated. And I do think that it can have a real chilling impact on other survivors reporting and coming forward and saying, as we have said in recent years, #MeToo because they think it just may come back and not matter."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  I think that it could result in a lot of these either being kicked back to the school and these students","questions":"Which institution might have to deal with these cases again if they gain class-action status?","answer":"School"}
{"text":["I do. Did you have to do a lot of reporting?","I did a lot of research. Of course, I'd - as I said, I went to see the monarchs and what that looks like. But I also did a lot of scientific research. I did - I read pretty much everything there is to be read about monarch butterfly migration, monarch parasites, monarch science. I've got all those journals on my desk in giant piles.","And I also - I sought out and gained the friendship of a very great scientist, Dr.  Lincoln Brower, who knows more about monarchs than anyone on the planet. And Dr.  Brower and his wife Dr.  Linda Fink were very helpful to me. You can imagine when I went to them to talk about this idea that I have some trepidation to go to a scientist and say, well, OK. I know that the species that you know everything about have never done this, but what if it did?You know, I didn't know if they. . .","Yeah. I can imagine."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : gained the friendship implies making connection and meeting new people ","questions":"How did PersonA learn about monarch parasites?","answer":"Research"}
{"text":["I have credit, but it was delayed. I've never had trouble getting credit here in Brazil. I've always paid my bills, and so credit's available for me. But this year, the credit promises were made, but then the credit wasn't going to arrive until it was too late to order the fertilizer and actually work out the logistics of receiving it. And so it's changed my plans a lot this year.","And timing is really essential for farmers. So, how is that going to play out there with your 2000 acres of soy?","The 2,000 acres I'm going to plant this year are technically for another farmer. I'm not going to farm anything in my own name this year. And that's common enough, really; I'm not alone in that. Total acreage of corn and soybeans could easily be down this year in Brazil. Most people expect there to be less corn, a lot less cotton, and also less of some of the food crops like rice and edible beans. So, it's caused everyone to plant less than they normally would.","Where do all of those crops grown in Brazil - corn, wheat, and soy - where do they get exported to?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite having a good credit history, the credit was not available on time and it caused a lot of inconvenience","questions":"What was the reason for the change in plans for planting this year?","answer":"Credit"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Why has the price gone up in recent years?","Prices will rise to whatever the market will bear, right?We see that uniquely in the U. S.  One vial of insulin in the U. S.  costs seven times what it does in Germany. So there's a huge disparity there. Some of the reasons have to do with reformulations of insulin that are, in fact, better than some of the older ones. Although, when I'm talking about that 1 in 7 price comparison, that's the same exact insulin.","In the U. S. , what's happened - and this is something that I know the Trump administration is looking at and many experts in the field have decried - the slow arrival of biosimilars or generic insulins onto the market, which are on the market in other countries. The problem in this country is the lowering of prices of insulin. And insulin patents have been held up in the courts for years now in suits and countersuits between the three big insulin drug makers, including by Eli Lilly, which is the former employer of our new HHS Secretary.","That's Alex Azar - has been appointed Secretary of Health and Human Services."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A's turn has a figurative meaning as it uses a common expression \"Prices will rise to whatever the market will bear\" to convey the idea that the prices of goods will be as high as the market can tolerate.","questions":"What expression does PersonA use to convey the idea that the prices of goods will be as high as the market can tolerate?","answer":"bear"}
{"text":["People call out sick, and they actually monitor how much an impact the video game has for the movies that were released, for how many people called out sick, and whether work or productivity goes down. So this isn't, you know, an isolated event.","You were mentioning the violence of some of the previous versions. Is it still the kind of game where, for example, you can shoot a police officer virtually?","Yeah. Absolutely it still is that type of game. I mean, this is a mature-rated game, which means, theoretically, that you cannot purchase this game unless you are 17 or older. So, it does have violence. It does have partial nudity in the game. And one thing that's caught some attention by the Mothers Against Drunk Driving in the game is - there is a component, or an element, where you can actually - you make a choice however, whether or not you grab a drink at a bar, and then go driving and then the screen simulates what that experience would be like. And so Mothers against Drunk Driving have stepped out on that.","But this is an adult title. There is - on the box, it says there's alcohol. There's drugs. There's partial nudity, intense violence. So you really want to be concerned if, you know, younger audiences are playing this game, you'd better make sure their maturity level can handle it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : YOUNGERS DOESN'T KNOW THE IMPACTS OF VIDEO GAMES AND IT AFFECT THEIR MATURITY LEVEL","questions":"Which level of maturity?","answer":"Maturity"}
{"text":["The government is treading a fine line. On one hand, it acknowledges that this is a regime that cannot survive, and that this is a matter of time, only. At the same time, because it's a neighbor and because the borders are still open and there is some trade going on, in addition to other reasons, the government is careful not to take matters, sort of, beyond a certain point. But I think that there is wide consensus in the region that understands that this regime has no chance of survival. The problem and the questions is, how many more people will be killed before it leaves the scene?","Again, Turkey - we know that the Free Syrian Army uses Turkey as a safe haven. Injured are brought back to be treated in medical facilities. The fighters return there to rest and re-equip and then come back. That's a very porous border in that situation. What about Jordan?Is Jordan allowing the Free Syrian Army effectively to operate from its territory?","No. There are no military operations being conducted out of Jordan for the Free Syrian Army. Jordan has received a number of defectors from Syria, including the ex-prime minister of Syria and several army officers who have defected to Jordan. But they have not engaged in any military activity, so far.","Why no?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Jordan has not allowed the Free Syrian Army to conduct military operations from its territory despite receiving defectors from Syria.","questions":"How has Jordan responded to the Syrian defectors?","answer":"Received"}
{"text":["I would just think about grilling as like any other type of cooking technique. It's really about time and temperature. So if you know how to cook at your stove, you understand high heat, medium heat, low heat, you can replicate that on a grill. It just has to do with how big a pile of charcoal you have and where it is in its lifecycle. So it's very hot at the beginning, and then it cools off a little bit. And then I would say simplify your seasonings. I have a whole section in my book that's all about salt, pepper, olive oil and lemon juice as being really essential and really fantastic.","OK.  Carla, you know I'm putting you on the spot here now - OK.  charcoal or gas?","Oh, this is a great question. I think that they're both great. I have charcoal. I love cooking over live fire. But if what you have is a gas grill and it gets you outside, enjoying cooking outside and making something that you love, then lean into your gas grill. It's all good.","That's Carla Lalli Music, food director at Bon Appetit magazine. She's the author of \"Where Cooking Begins: Uncomplicated Recipes To Make You A Great Cook. \"Carla, thanks so much for joining us. Happy Fourth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Carla being put on the spot meaning Carla is specifically being asked a question.","questions":"How was Carla challenged during the dialogue?","answer":"Question"}
{"text":["Well, let me give you an example. I walked up to some lawmakers in the Great Hall of the People. And they confirmed to me unanimously that they were going to vote in favor of scrapping term limits. And one thing you hear from a lot of Chinese when you ask them is that they say, look. President Xi Jinping is doing a great job. He's getting China lots of respect on the world stage. He's cleaning up corruption at home. He ought to be given a chance to do more. And also, I think it helps to remember that in Chinese political culture, it's basically been the rule of man. And so people feel, let's get a good man, and let's not worry about, if we don't get a good man, what rules are we going to rely on to give him the boot?","You mentioned critics. And there are critics. What are they saying about this?","Well, you don't hear a lot of them because their views are often censored on the Internet. But I think it's safe to say that they feel very gloomy and pessimistic about the current situation. They look into the future - say 10, 15 or even more years - and they just don't see a lot hope for civil liberties, transparent and accountable government or robust civil society. And they just feel that this is a real historic step backwards into the bad, old days.","The bad, old days being China's monarchs of thousands of years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 1: Chinese people prioritize having a good leader over having a leader who follows rules.","questions":"What do Chinese people prioritize over rules?","answer":"Leader"}
{"text":["Now what we didn't hear was a huge thunderous applause that you got from the crowd. Would you run for office again?And if so, what office?","I do - I would like to run for office. I really believe very firmly in public service. I enjoyed my years as lieutenant governor. And, you know, as a small-government Republican, really began to appreciate beyond the rhetoric of just saying, you know, I want a smaller government, but really focusing on how you make government work for people and how you make it efficient - more efficient partner in our daily lives.","And so I walked away from the office with a great appreciation for the value of public service and the importance that you can play in helping small businesses, in getting healthcare where it needs to be, and in dealing with problems of crime and the things that lead up to people to do things that create problems in their community, recidivism, and drug addiction, and things like that. So yeah, I'd like to get back to it. I'd like to run for governor of Maryland one day. And we'll see if that ever happens. But yeah, it's on the table. I don't know if it's in the cards yet, but it's at least on the table.","So you're chair of GOPAC, and it aims to elect more Republicans into office. So what are you working on specifically this time around?Are there any races or any strategies you're working on?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"thunderous applause\" implies loud, enthusiastic applause from many in the audience","questions":"How would you describe the applause that PersonA received from the crowd?","answer":"huge"}
{"text":["When I met him a couple of months ago, I said, listen. You have fought against Islamic radicalism. And you have saved Benghazi and eastern Libya from the terrorist threat. But if you try to run for office, you will lose all that because Libyans are difficult to govern. And I said to him, do you have any aspirations with that?He says, no. I want to rise above this. So I think he sees a real threat to Libya by the existence of these elements. And unfortunately, the international community and the United Nations, they are supporting a government that has no power. And in the end, that government that has no power is being run by militias.","Some people would counter that, actually, Haftar's forces are also comprised of militias with little ideology, some elements within them are so-called extremists and that he is no better than the forces he's purporting to counter.","I mean, I hate to disagree with this. I mean, Haftar is not perfect. I don't say he's perfect. But he has a Libyan army. They might have started off as militias. But now they are inducted into regular army. And more important, they try to paint Haftar into a warlord. You know, he's not. He has been authorized by the only representative body in the country, which is the Libyan Parliament. And so, please, don't get me wrong. I am not enamored with Haftar. And the last thing I want to see in Libya is another military dictatorship. I don't want to see that.","So why is Haftar making this move to take Tripoli now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They are not painting but describing the man in a certain way.","questions":"What are they trying to do with Haftar?","answer":"describe"}
{"text":["And then it's like, it kind of makes it more of a treat.","(Singing) You took me from the shelter of a mother I had never known\u2026","I read that - about you having, as we all do, ups and downs in life. In 1977, I read that your mother died, which was a painful period for you.","Very.","But the very next year, you gave birth to a son."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Giving birth to a son could imply that the speaker was able to find hope and joy despite their pain.","questions":"How did the speaker find hope despite their pain?","answer":"Son"}
{"text":["Yes.","Have you photographed them?Or have they been clients of yours?","Not paying clients. Yes, I have shot them at a rally in Chicago.","OK.  Not - well, not paying in the sense that you would like to have them as clients or pursue them at one point, or you just are taking pictures of them, as everyone else is doing, when they're out in public?","No, I was part of the campaign. I was heavily involved in fundraising and (unintelligible) and have gone to battleground states, signing up voters. So, yeah, I was there, part of the group, and I shot them because this is something I wanted to do. I wasn't a paid photographer of staff, but yes. Would I like to shoot them as a paid person?Absolutely.","Yeah, I'm guessing the answer to that would be yes. Are you hopeful of that opportunity still?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Although the person was not a paid photographer, they were heavily involved in a political campaign and took photos for personal interest. They would like to be a paid photographer for these clients in the future.","questions":"Which campaign was the person heavily involved in?","answer":"Unspecified"}
{"text":["Sure. The basic idea is that if, in your country, you've got natural resources, that somebody is going to pay to come into your country and extract and then sell on the international market. That seems like something that ought to economically benefit your country. You will get new revenue from the extraction and sale of your natural resources. But what we see over and over again is that selling off your natural resources in the commodities market tends to kind of ruin your country. It tends to leave you worse off, even economically worse off. And that's because it has a warping effect on your economy.","It's hard to have a diversified, stable economy when you've got one resource that's pulling in such a big revenue stream. And when you've got one resource that's pulling in such a big revenue stream, you tend to end up with very rich elites who will do anything to hold onto power, who stop doing the other things that governments should otherwise be doing to serve the needs of the people.","OK. So what does this have to do with Michael Jackson's glove?","(Laughter) Well, it's both a sad and all areas side story in this. The government in Equatorial Guinea got all these oil revenues. And they basically decided to turn the president of the country and his son into some of the richest and most ostentatiously, flagrantly tacky people on the globe while the people of that country suffered and got poorer."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Selling off natural resources makes the economy in a country worse than before.","questions":"What tends to happen to a country's economy when it sells off its natural resources?","answer":"Worse"}
{"text":["I don't think they picked Deming necessarily. You know, we just happen to be a big border patrol station as well as our neighboring county. They're dropping off here as well - the Hidalgo County drops here as well.","How are these people - the asylum-seekers being housed in an airport hangar - how are they handling things?","You'd be surprised. I think they're - you know, they're a little - you know, I guess they're a little worried when they first show up. But then, I think, it's actually better than most places they've been, and that's what they tell us. So they have more room and more freedom than most places they've been, so they're actually really happy.","And how is the community of Deming handling this influx of new people?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 'Asylum-seekers are actually really happy' implies that the asylum-seekers are being treated well.","questions":"What is the mood of the asylum-seekers?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["So ultimately, it ended up ruining my life in every capacity. It's affected my health, my family, my emotional and mental well-being and, ultimately, even jobs. You know, I've been offered all these amazing jobs of a lifetimes that I fought really hard to get and I beat out other candidates for. And each time the job would be offered to me, it would then be retracted because of my connection to Jeffrey Epstein.","So that's what led me to finally come forward because I had just reached a point where I was like, you know, this man was out buying second islands and second airplanes just to show off while I was struggling to feed myself and couldn't even get myself a good job because of him, you know?","Right. How did you feel when you found out about Epstein's death?","It was definitely not a good moment. And it's still not, you know?Even every single time I hear those words, there's a certain amount of anger that shoots through my blood that I can't explain."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Jeffrey Epstein was wealthy and showing off while I was struggling to feed myself","questions":"What was Epstein doing while the speaker was struggling to feed themselves?","answer":"Showing"}
{"text":["Every administration has some level of dysfunction. But in a White House that is running somewhat more smoothly than this one, how would this work when it's a well-oiled machine or something close to it?","Well, I was involved in a similar case back in the Clinton presidency when we were examining someone for a high position in national security and seemed like a very fine candidate. But then we began to learn things about his past that were troubling. Red flags started to go up. And we went to the president and said, Mr.  President, there are some real problems here; these are very problematic. And the nominations then just disappeared.","So the public didn't know about it at that point.","The public didn't know and still doesn't know, and I don't think it's fair to the individual. His name was never put into play. I think his privacy should be protected since he wasn't seeking a job; he didn't - wasn't nominated. Here's the thing that also mystifies me because there's so much about this is strange. You would think that candidate himself, knowing how the system works, knowing that there's going to be deep scrutiny - you would think that the potential nominee would go to the chief of staff of the White House and say, we need to talk, and volunteer the information so there can be no misunderstandings along the way instead of having a situation here where people just sat on the information clearly some people knew."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The candidate had something troubling in their past.","questions":"How was the candidate's past described?","answer":"Troubling"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely.","You know, like, what are some of the other barbecue don'ts that come up when all of you all get together?","I think hovering is a big one, people who want to jump on the grill before they've been invited to, people who think they're helping out by bringing a side of beef that they figure you have room on the grill to just add that into your menu, any kind of, you know, presumptuous guests.","What about some barbecue do's?Are there some do's that you wish people would do that they perhaps don't think to do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : do's refers to all acceptable behavior and activities","questions":"Which word summarizes the acceptable behaviors and activities at a barbecue?","answer":"Do's"}
{"text":["Asa, reading the article, it sounds like you wanted to get off after the first day.","I wanted to get off after about the third day. I realized once we had moved around a bit that the majority of the experience ended up being waiting, rather than getting on trains or riding them. And the other thing I found is that once you're on board, it's very loud. And even though I had expected to be talking to my father on board, it was really difficult to have conversation. We'd have to kind of shout at each other. And so most of the time I was lying. I'd be reading, or listening to music if possible. And the views we saw were incredible. Some of the most beautiful places I've ever been. But you can only take so much of just lying in the same place, especially when it's very loud and you have to wait on hot tracks for a train to come, not knowing if it's going to be there. And I had had about enough of that after the third day.","We should explain you guys slept in motels, too.","Yeah, that is true."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This turn does not mean that the speaker is proposing to explain that they slept in motels, but rather that they are suggesting to mention it as an additional piece of information to the conversation, which is a different meaning than the literal one.","questions":"What was the speaker suggesting to do with the information about sleeping in motels?","answer":"Mention"}
{"text":["So Iran, I think, is going to respond to what it sees as its advantage. If the Trump administration were prepared to say we're going to remove a good part of the sanctions on Iran if you will sit down at the table, I think Iran would probably take that very seriously. The Trump administration, because of its opposition to the nuclear deal, created a crisis that really wasn't necessary.","And it could get worse. There is a real chance of misperception and misunderstanding that leads to military conflict. And I think this is something that nobody wants.","That's Gary Sick. He's a senior research scholar at Columbia University's Middle East Institute. Mr.  Sick, thank you so much for talking to us.","It was a pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Iran would be willing to negotiate if some of the sanctions were removed.","questions":"What would Iran take seriously?","answer":"Negotiate"}
{"text":["And I just am saying to my Republican friends, look, I get it. I understand that there's certain things that he's said that really you can't ever look that way, but take a look. We're still months away from the election.","Mr.  Kelly, if you were advising Donald Trump - and, you know, he might hear this - is there some magic sentence that he could come up with that would - that would help heal things over?","I think he's already worked in that direction. I - I've never met Mr.  Trump, by the way, but I have been watching him. I've watched a Donald Trump who's different today than the Donald Trump I saw three or four weeks ago. I think he is a man who does understand messaging. He understands talking to people.","And as I said earlier, Mr.  Trump's success was not based just on his own ability and his own talent. It was working with many other people to get to something that was mutually beneficial. I've watched Mr.  Ryan. And I said before, he has more depth than the Pacific Ocean when it comes to policy, but he also works well with people to get to some common ground that makes sense. I would just say this - and Donald Trump doesn't need any advice from Mike Kelly. Paul Ryan doesn't need any advice from Mike Kelly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) A's comment that Paul Ryan doesn't need any advice from Mike Kelly implies that Kelly may not have the expertise or authority to offer advice to a seasoned politician like Ryan, or that Ryan may not be receptive to unsolicited advice.","questions":"How does PersonA describe Paul Ryan's depth of understanding?","answer":"Depth"}
{"text":[". . . (Laughter) In our house. And suddenly, we're being taken to go and see \"Gone With The Wind\" in the cinema.","(Laughter).","So for me, I just remember this incredible sense of vertigo and glancing at my mother constantly, like, is this OK?Are we allowed to do this?","How did working on this make sense of your childhood for you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) In turn (3), the speaker uses the phrase \"sense of vertigo\" to describe their feeling when watching the movie. \"Vertigo\" literally means a feeling of dizziness or a spinning sensation, but in this context, the speaker is using it to describe a feeling of disorientation or confusion. The phrase \"glancing at my mother constantly\" also has a figurative meaning, as the speaker is not literally glancing at their mother all the time but rather checking for her reaction or approval.","questions":"What feeling did the speaker experience while watching the movie?","answer":"Disorientation"}
{"text":["And, of course, we have bioenergy here, too, and the debates about things like corn ethanol. That's another big contentious issue here in the Midwest. And one where, again, middle grounds might have to be found between groups that are in very different poles on that issue.","And what do you think is the most promising - again, the symbolic areas, those are always going to be difficult. But are there other conversations that could be had that, as you say, skirt the ideology?","Well, it's very interesting. Regardless of, you know, how you think of him politically, the Obama administration has actually done more, may be by accident - or may be on purpose - to think about, to take on climate change than all previous administrations, really, combined. Our CO2 emissions in the United States have gone down pretty dramatically in the last few years, partly because of the recession, of course, but partly because people are retooling and getting more efficient.","The American car fleet is getting lot more efficient. We finally got those CAFE standards going up again, which is fantastic, after about 30 years of going nowhere. And maybe that's a benefit of bailing out Detroit. We could work with them to make cars more efficient, the cars Americans want to buy. We've also - the fracking, moving away from coals, where it's natural gas, has helped a lot, although we have to watch the other aspects of fracking. And also, renewables are beginning to make a bigger and bigger dent in the American electricity supply and other energy supplies."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Efforts are being made to increase the efficiency of American cars and shift towards renewable energy sources","questions":"How are American cars becoming more efficient?","answer":"CAFE"}
{"text":["And it all comes down really to these apple trees. The husband, James, is obsessed with apples, growing the sweet apples. She, Sadie, the mother, is - well, she's a drunk. She's looking for applejack. She likes the spitters - not the eaters - the spitters.","Yes, and Johnny Appleseed is a little bit like her drug dealer because he comes along twice a year in his canoe to see how they're doing. And he sometimes takes off the barrels of apples and brings them back pressed for them as cider. And, you know, I don't think he does it maliciously, but he is, as I said, he's a businessman. So he's got a slightly different take on it all.","And why don't you describe what Johnny Appleseed looks like in your novel as you paint him?","Actually, some of the myth is true. He did sometimes wear a tin pot for a hat. His clothing was interesting, shall we say?He often wore a coffee sack that he cut holes out of and a rope for a belt. So, yeah, he was a strange guy. He was actually making all this money, not for himself, but really because he was what they called a Swedenborgian, a very peculiar Christian sect. And Johnny Appleseed spent a lot of time proselytizing. And he'd go on this kind of rant, and a lot of the settlers - I read some hilarious accounts of them going, oh, this guy, we don't understand a word he's saying, but, you know, he's kind of entertaining, so he's harmless."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The author's portrayal of Johnny Appleseed's appearance highlights his eccentricity and unconventional ways, which contrast with his successful business dealings and religious beliefs.","questions":"What does the author's description of Johnny Appleseed's appearance emphasize?","answer":"Appearance"}
{"text":["One person called them old guard reactionaries who are grabbling for crumbs from the table. Another called them seat warmer saying they have nothing new to offer. And that led to a larger conversation about Obama's support among blacks where black folks stand on the Democratic Party.","And we are in good old Black History Month now. Of course, we are black 365 days a year.","That's right.","But from what I've read on our blog, not everybody thinks the black history month is a good idea."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : One person called them old guard reactionaries who are grabbing for crumbs from the table. Another called them seat warmers saying they have nothing new to offer. (The literal meanings of these phrases would be people who are physically grabbing crumbs or occupying seats to keep them warm. The actual meanings refer to political figures who are criticized for being outdated or unoriginal.)","questions":"Which phrases are used to criticize political figures in turn 0?","answer":"ReactionariesSeat"}
{"text":["So you're Haitian-born, you've been in America for about 40 years now, and you still have family back in Haiti. So when you talk to family, what do they make of the crisis, and how are they dealing with it?","Well, I think they're dealing as best as they can. But they feel, like us, overwhelmed by it. And they rely on us to help them.","Remittances.","Yeah. You could also send food - not really send food, but order food through these online organizations that deliver the food to them, but mostly remittances, yes."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement implies that B wants to know how A's family are dealing with the downturn economy and what the also think about America's economy.","questions":"Which crisis is PersonA talking about in turn 1?","answer":"Haiti."}
{"text":["It is.","Why do you think that will be effective?I mean, if someone's about to say something cruel (laughter), saying think about it - like, I don't know.","I think it's going to be somewhat effective but not very effective. I actually think that's true of all of the work that we're going to do. All of these problems are not solved by any one solution. They are complicated. I've also seen in the actual data that a minority but a significant minority of people do rewrite their comments, and they rewrite them in a much more pleasant way. Now, do most people rewrite their comments?No - because if you have an intent that's really intense to harass an individual, a polite comment from Instagram is not going to prevent you from doing so.","But sometimes people get caught up in the moment, and a lightweight reminder can actually help them rethink what they're doing or what they're saying. And so it's not supposed to be the solution that we hang our hat on for all of bullying. It's supposed to be one of many tools to try to prevent bullying from happening in the first place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : To \"hang your hat\" is a common metaphor that implies you have something you can rely and depend on, so here the speaker is saying that this solution isn't necessarily going to fix everything but it could definitely help.","questions":"Which metaphor does the speaker use to describe a reliable solution?","answer":"reliable"}
{"text":["There was no regulation at the time. I mean, the calves that they experimented on in the '60s came from Cooley's ranch. And when I was researching this, I heard this really bizarre story. And I asked - I had one source that I trusted implicitly. And I called her, and I said, I heard that Dr.  Cooley put a pig's heart in somebody. And she didn't bat an eye, and she said no, no, no, it was a sheep. Those were the days (laughter). You know, today, we have the FDA. We have hospital review boards. We have all kinds of things.","When you say artificial heart, you know, the first name that might come up is Robert Jarvik. I mean, some listeners might recall his name. He created a heart that kept Barney Clark, a dentist from Seattle - kept him alive for 112 days back in 1982. That was a huge story, huge story at the time. And that was a long time ago (laughter). Where are we today?Are people still getting artificial hearts implanted today?","It's interesting. Jarvik kept going. And there is a form of an artificial heart that Jarvik designed that's probably the best. But there is no total replacement. You know, a battery-operated - something that - they can cut you open, put this piece of titanium in, sew you back up, and you're good to go.","So from all your reporting, did you, you know, finish this up thinking, we're going to see an artificial heart in our lifetime?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Dr. Cooley experimented on animals and put animal hearts in humans","questions":"How did Dr. Cooley experiment on animals?","answer":"Calves"}
{"text":["That's absolutely the case. Turkey is the 16th or, by another measure, 17th largest economy in the world. Turks are wealthier than they've been in the past. And that is part of the secret to Erdogan's success. And that is why if there was an election today, I think there's no doubt that Prime Minister Erdogan would win. Perhaps he wouldn't get 49. 95 percent of the vote, but he would certainly get a very large number of votes. There is a growing middle class of people who vote on one issue and one issue only, and that's on their pocketbooks.","Add that to a core constituency and the fact that the opposition parties are extraordinarily weak, don't have much to offer Turks in the way a positive vision for Turkey's future, and Prime Minister Erdogan, despite this being the greatest political crisis of his decade at power, would still prevail.","Give us an idea of who is at these demonstrations, which groups. Are these the disaffected, the people who voted against him, the people who lost the last election, as he puts it?","It's certainly those people. There has been a contingent of secular urban but not all elite people who've come out who have felt hemmed in and marginalized over the course of the last decade. And they're - because their parties have been so ineffective in challenging the Justice and Development Party, they are now finding their voices in the street. Prime Minister Erdogan has wanted to finger the main opposition party, the Republican People's Party, for the demonstrations. That's certainly not the case."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People voting on their pocketbooks means they vote considering their money\/profit.","questions":"What is the secret to Erdogan's success?","answer":"economy"}
{"text":["Right. As far as I could tell, it wasn't so much derogatory as he wanted to create a mental picture to the listeners, you know, on radio, to say, OK, it was created in one big bang and so on.","And so what was his big blunder?","So the big blunder was - so he came up with a theory that was - that the universe is in a steady state. Namely the universe is always the same. It always was the same and always will be the same. And - but he also knew that the universe is expanding. So for the universe to stay the same, for example, for the density of matter to not change, he had to create matter in the universe. Because as the universe was getting larger, he had to have new matter there for the density to stay the same.","So this in itself was not a blunder. When he suggested this, it was a beautiful idea because, you know, we say the universe is the same everywhere and in every direction. And he wanted to add to that and that every time. So that, you know, sounded very elegant.","The blunder was that after about 15 years, when evidence started accumulating that this is really not the way the universe behaves but in fact the universe does evolve and change, he stubbornly refused to accept that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The theory he came up with wasn't derogatory.","questions":"How would you describe the theory that he came up with?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["It's correlated with overt racism, but it's very different, and the difference is that people are unaware of this. They don't want it, very often. They certainly don't endorse it, and it's what clinical psychologists or psychiatrists call a dissociation. It's like two separate things in the head, one egalitarian and open, the other biased.","All right, Dr.  Greenwald, thank you very much.","Thank you, Ira.","Tony Greenwald, psychologist, professor of psychology at the University of Washington. We're going to take a break, and afterwards we're going to come back and ask the candidates in a science debate - what would you ask them about science?Stay with us. We'll be right back. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The unconscious bias against certain groups of people can be a hidden problem that people are not aware of, yet still have an effect on their behavior and attitudes.","questions":"Which behavior can be affected by unconscious bias?","answer":"Behavior"}
{"text":["Very much this was an aftershock to the departure of Steve Bannon, who was the president's chief strategist. He's the guy who brought Seb Gorka in. Gorka was not a household name, at least not in most households. And he was part of the contingent in the White House associated with this America first attitude, a kind of ultra-nationalism. And that faction, at this point, is down. But as we saw with the pardon of Sheriff Arpaio, that faction is not yet out.","More missiles out of North Korea were launched last night - fell in the sea. North Korea had not so much other news broken overnight. This might have been our lead story. Does President Trump, after this week, have the confidence in Congress and in other quarters of opinion, to lead the country on this and other issues?","You know, that depends on whom you ask. There are certainly those people who will express total confidence in the president, those who have probably never had any at all. But the team around the president, the three generals - so we are increasingly talking about John Kelly, James Mattis, H. R. McMaster - that team tends to boost confidence on military matters.","Ron Elving, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"Does President Trump, after this week, have the confidence in Congress and in other quarters of opinion, to lead the country on this and other issues?\" ","questions":"How did PersonB inquire about President Trump's confidence in Congress and other quarters of opinion after this week?","answer":"Inquire"}
{"text":["So how much should they save?","I kind of break up savings into two major funds - the emergency fund, and that's the one you've always heard about, three to six months of living expenses. Start with just a little. Listen, just start with a month, and that means that you have enough saved up that if you lost your job, you could at least live on your savings for one month.","Then I suggest you have what I call the life happens fund. So that would be a fund that you put money in for like major car repairs or if something happens to your roof because otherwise, you're going to dip into that emergency fund, and when a true emergency comes, like a job loss - and millions of people know exactly what that means right now - that money isn't there.","All right. Let's say you want to do that, but you are living paycheck to paycheck. How do you look through your expenses and figure out what you can trim and what you can save?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : paycheck to paycheck implies that the amount a person makes can only cover necessities","questions":"Which word implies that a person's income is only enough to cover their basic needs?","answer":"Income"}
{"text":["It's nutritionally vacuous. It's unhealthy. Why would you eat iceberg?Iceberg is pathetic. Iceberg is, you know, lettuce for people who have no class or no taste.","In 1894, the Burpee seed catalog introduced iceberg to the world. It was advertised as hardy, rich, flavorful and, most importantly, durable.","From the moment of its introduction, it transformed the face of American lettuce consumption. And for decades and decades and decades, it was overwhelmingly the lettuce that was consumed in the United States of America.","Eventually, iceberg's popularity became its downfall."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's not an actual face but the most popular and most seen way that lettuce is consumed.","questions":"How was iceberg lettuce consumed in the United States for decades?","answer":"Overwhelmingly"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah, yeah.","So he's not exactly saying that what he said was offensive.","Or maybe he's, like, opening up, like, a hotline for people to call up and be like, hey, listen; I was - being very charitable there.","Right, OK.  And then meanwhile, while all of this is going on with Shane Gillis, another one of the new cast members who was announced this week for \"SNL\" was Bowen Yang, who's actually the show's first Asian American cast member, so this is kind of awkward timing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He may have said something offensive, but he didn't admit it.","questions":"How did Shane Gillis respond to the accusation of being offensive?","answer":"denied"}
{"text":["So expect some of them to say, look, we promised Italians to change this country, we're going to do that. And so they already proved that in Bologna, where I am, actually. It's - they've been successfully here in Emilia-Romagna. They were successfully in Parma and in Sicily. They cut deals all the time, American style, really cutting deals on the legislative floor without the parties, and they were very successful.","Well, you've said what you thought should happen. What's your best guess as to what you think will happen?","My bet is that they will find some way - some agreement with - between the Democratic Party and Beppe Grillo's Five Star Movement. Actually, quite - they share - they both are sort on the liberal side of things, to use an American category. They're not right-winger at all. That's my prediction. If Beppe Grillo refuses to do that, he risks, number one, a kind of split within his party, number one.","And number two, if we go back to the polls in ruins next year, with, you know, the (unintelligible) and problem with our bonds, and all that, I think Beppe Grillo will have the hard time to tell Italians, look, I have so many votes and I just threw them away. And I think next time, he's going to have not 25, 30 percent, but 10 percent. It's not in his interest to do that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 'he risks a kind of split within his party' means there is a possibility of division within the party, not literally splitting into two parts.","questions":"How does the speaker define the split within Beppe Grillo's party?","answer":"Possibility"}
{"text":["And why do you choose to move to this country and live in Los Angeles and try to make it here when you're, I guess, a big star back in South Africa?","Because you have to grow. It's fun, you know?And I think America was a great choice because we have such a great shared history in terms of South Africa's past and America's past. You know, we both have a history of slavery. We both have a history of black people fighting for their freedom and independence. And then you both - we both have the very sensitive change now in terms of - people have this like it's - in both countries, you see this subtle racism and, you know, they're struggling to deal with raise and people don't know how to deal with it.","I mean, I've seen out here, people don't even want to say the word black. I don't know when black became negative, but now people go, oh, you shouldn't say black. Yeah, we - you say urban, yeah. Baltimore is going to be real urban, Trevor. That's what people tell me.","And I got to Baltimore, and I was expecting, because urban means built up and new, you know. So I got there and I was, whoa, it's not as urban as people told me, you know, and like - but it's very black. I'll tell you that much. So it's interesting to see, you know?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : big star implies being very popular  well known  or famous and not talking about the star in the sky ","questions":"What does the term \"big star\" refer to in the dialogue?","answer":"Famous"}
{"text":["Let me switch subjects. We are walking on the way to the studio here this morning and two big tour buses came down the street. You're - one of the reason this all worked is you're performing right next door.","Right across the parking lot.","And I wonder, I was talking to Priska Neely, our producer, and said, I wonder if that's Mary Chapin Carpenter. Two big buses touring, pulling equipment trailers behind. Where were you coming in from at 8 o'clock in the morning?","We spent the last two days driving from Arizona."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is acknowledging B's contribution to the success of their plan.","questions":"What did PersonA switch subjects about?","answer":"Studio."}
{"text":["Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me.","One of the things you've written about is complicity in the power establishment. But also, you believe some women have been complicit - people you call game girls.","I do indeed write about the way that many of the women - including myself - many of the women I know are wrestling with the ways in which we have participated in this system or not participated in this system. So many of us - if not all of us - have engaged in this in one way or another, whether we were the objects of harassment or assault, whether we decided to stay silent and not report assaults - sometimes in an effort to not get the backlash that many women got when they did file complaints. But if we did that, then did we enable the perpetrators to do it to other women who are our younger colleagues or who came after us?If we did not participate - if we rebuffed, did that hurt our careers?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) can mean \"I'm grateful for this opportunity\"","questions":"Which term does the speaker use to describe women who have participated in the power establishment?","answer":"Game-girls"}
{"text":["When I listen to you talk, I feel like the worst possible - the most hurtful insult someone could ever fling at you is, you're not authentic.","And she falls to the ground, and she curls into a ball. And. . .","What is it about authenticity that if it were lacking, it's mortally wounding for you?","Yeah. I mean, if you're telling someone they're not authentic, then what are you saying?I guess you could say the opposite of authenticity is - I don't want to just say fake because there's another word."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Authenticity is crucial for A and lack of it hurts them","questions":"What hurts A?","answer":"Authenticity"}
{"text":["I don't think that that's what Israel really wants. I don't think they've made that decision. But I think we know in these circumstances things could escalate, get out of control, despite the intentions of the parties who are involved. And in this case, I think Israel was hoping that the Palestinians would stop firing rockets sooner than they have. They may feel compelled to do more, but that would obviously be an extremely dangerous bet.","These events, of course, are occurring at a time when there is an election coming up in Israel. Help us understand popular opinion in Israel on this subject.","Well, I think from an Israeli perspective, there's a consensus that it was simply unacceptable to live under the constant threat of Palestinian rockets, which led to as many as a million Israelis having to sometimes take shelter. So, there is that uncertainty, that constant sense of insecurity, even though the number of Israeli casualties have been extremely low. But that was something that most Israelis were not prepared to live with, and that's why you were finding this wall-to-wall, this quasi-unanimity behind this operation.","Help us understand Egypt's role. The Egyptian prime minister came to Gaza yesterday. Obviously, under the Mubarak regime that would have been unthinkable. What's Egypt's role in events now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They don't mean literally wall to wall but that everyone was for it.","questions":"What was the reason for the quasi-unanimity behind the operation?","answer":"rockets"}
{"text":["OK, which theory do you want to start with?","Well, the ships became frozen in the ice and the crewmen set out on foot.","Well, we know that's true. Captain Franklin - Sir John - made a huge mistake trying to force the Victoria passage with that much ice. And he kept going when they could turn back to shelter. And it got them stuck in the worst possible place. So his error of judgment doomed those men.","What other theories are there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Although the speaker says \"we know that's true,\" they are not expressing a belief that the events described in turn (2) are factual. Rather, they are acknowledging the information that has been presented and using it as a basis to introduce a theory about what might have happened to the crewmen. T","questions":"Which turn is the PersonA's acknowledgement of information presented?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["And what Kansas has done is to try to turn things around once again so that not every parolee who runs afoul of an administrative rule, is immediately shipped back to prison, but instead is given another chance. And actually, the parole officer will work with them to try to keep them out of prison, as opposed to just trying to lock them - lock the cuffs on them as fast as possible.","Well, Jennifer, great to talk to you. Thank you.","Thanks so much, Farai.","Jennifer Gonnerman is the author of \"Life on the Outside: The Prison Odyssey of Elaine Bartlett. \"She wrote the article, \"Slammed: Welcome to the Age of Incarceration. \"It's the lead article in a special edition of Mother Jones magazine examining America's prison system. And she joined us from our NPR Studios in New York."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Not every parolee who violates a rule is sent back to prison immediately","questions":"Which state's parole system has tried to give rule-violating parolees another chance, instead of immediately sending them back to prison?","answer":"Kansas."}
{"text":["You have to understand; at this point Mr.  Treviene was in his late 70's. This is a man who is used to building houses and repairing houses, and had been a younger man that might have been a challenge to him. But as an older man who was basically retired before the storm, this was an insurmountable challenge and so much of his story is the story of elderly New Orleanians.","When I looked at his face, it looked literally as if the life just seeped out of it.","That was the feeling that we got sitting there. After he had gone into the house, we sort of sat there and kind of cleaned up a little bit and talk, but there wasn't a whole lot to say.","And he didn't live much longer did he?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"before the storm\" implies before the SHTF - Or, before things went awry.","questions":"Which event happened before the SHTF?","answer":"Repairing"}
{"text":["Sometimes you hear about couples fighting over stuff. We need a new car. No, we don't need a new car, you know, rather spend the money on having the kids go and get braces than get a new car. But I need my ride to look good, you know, questions like that.","Absolutely.","That come up in families. How do you adjudicate if that's the kind of issue that's coming up in your relationship?","Well, you first of all have to make the people involved understand that that is actually the issue. Most people don't see it that way. When you say - when people say they want a car, they don't usually say, I need a car to look good. They usually think they really need a car. They don't understand that that they're feeling an ego need. So you have to understand - get people to understand what their need is based on."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : don't see something in a certain way in this context is that they don't agree with something, or they don't fully understand the given situation.","questions":"What is the reason why people don't understand the true nature of their need when it comes to getting a new car in the given context?","answer":"Understand"}
{"text":["It's a really exciting time for us, Ira, to - it's only five years in, and it's been a tremendous success story for the company. Handsets really have taken off. We're at a point now where almost half of all handsets in the world made are smartphones with some type of touch capability.","And then I'm sure you know of tablet computers, are very exciting, have grown quite magnificently in the last few years. And the market is starting to think about expanding touch interfaces with the different devices. If you think about your laptop computer, for example, or monitors or tabletops, even the front of a refrigerator, there's a lot more applications out there, we feel.","We feel that touch and the interface of touch is only going to grow.","Do you have to design and engineer the glass specifically to be touched as a utility?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The company has had great success with smartphones and touch-capable devices.","questions":"How has the company performed with touch-capable devices?","answer":"Successful"}
{"text":["Yes. I don't think the government contends that she was a spy. She pled guilty to one count of failing to register as a foreign agent. But still, in her statement of the offense, the activities she undertook weren't necessarily covert or spycraft. There's no allegation she's a member of Russian intelligence. And I think that's worn out, although she did pled guilty - plead guilty and is accepting responsibility for not registering as a foreign agent.","Yeah. What was she trying to do then?","She was trying to build bridges between the two countries, and through civil society groups, which I think happens with a lot of foreign nationals and foreign students.","Well, build bridges or - I'm going to mix metaphors here - or create a road in for Russian interests?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : build bridges implies engaging in good human relationship and connections","questions":"What does \"build bridges\" suggest?","answer":"Connection"}
{"text":["Well, we've got quite a few people that have moved in with other family members. Some houses that have only been destroyed partially - some are completely to the ground. We've still got some living in hotels. We've got some that are living in tents and vehicles. We found out yesterday from our school district that quite a few schoolkids are homeless. You know, 67 percent of the property here has been damaged in some way - or more.","So people have got stress trying to do a normal life during the day and have a normal job and then end up having to deal with the insurance companies and dealing with your mortgage companies and dealing with the assistance programs that you're trying to get help from that just takes repetitive, repetitive visits with to get things done. And it's not their fault. It's just the bureaucracy that's involved in everything doing nowadays.","Yeah. So they have to make repeated visits and work for a living all at the same time.","Yes, sir. It takes a mental strain on you. In my case, we sleep on a mattress in the back part of my living room 'cause the other half of my house doesn't have electricity and has got - you know, leaks like a sieve. And that's not a normal life."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) implies that people are facing a lot of bureaucracy and paperwork, ","questions":"Which aspect of dealing with insurance companies and assistance programs is causing stress according to PersonA and PersonB's conversation?","answer":"Paperwork"}
{"text":["(Singing) Wasting this life, I only want me and you.","I read that you think some of the melodies that you sing now remind you of powwow songs. Is there a song on this new album that sounds that way to you?","So one of the songs that comes to mind is \"Going To The Beach With Haley. \"","(Singing) I feel what I'm like with you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I feel what I'm like with you\" could mean \"you make me feel happy or good\"","questions":"What emotion does the turn \"I feel what I'm like with you\" convey?","answer":"Happiness"}
{"text":["I'm not so sure that it was missed, per se. I think it's been there at the forefront of the news for a really long time. I just don't think that we saw the potential that it would impact the election in the way that it did, insofar as it's tied up in these other economic and social struggles that are occurring within the same communities.","And to be clear again, you're not saying that people that have a problem with opioids or drug or alcohol voted for Donald Trump so much as people who live in those communities that have been affected by it statistically in your study voted for Donald Trump.","Well, that's right. And I can't say necessarily who voted for Donald Trump, but we have to remember that addiction and depression and these diseases and deaths of despair go far beyond the individuals themselves who are affected by them. They affect friends and family members and coworkers and first responders and service providers and employers in communities who are dealing with the struggles of these and experience the same sort of frustration and anxiety that are associated or wrapped up within diseases and deaths of despair.","You conclude your study by - I believe the quote is community level well-being played an important role in this election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : asking for a quote which is not the same as the actual meaning of the statement which is that community-level well-being played an important role in this election.","questions":"Which quote does the study conclude with, even though it doesn't fully capture the meaning that community-level well-being played an important role in the election?","answer":"Quote"}
{"text":["But, you know, people have been, you know, taking this approach for a long time.","I notice that you might be able to - I think the Romans shipped apparent black wax tablets, and then you scrape off the wax, something's in there.","Oh sure, there are lots of different ways you could do this. And in fact, I mean, the story that's floating around, and I'm not sure if it's true or not, I haven't been able to dig deep enough to find out, is that during World War II, the censors would go through, and they would kind of change numerical tables.","So if somebody was sending a letter to someone in the theater and saying, you know, Johnny got good grades, got an A, B, a C or something like that, they might change them around a little bit. Or they might change, you know, put little changes just in case someone was trying to sneak a message in, you know, some table of data."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the speaker is suggesting that the censors would change the grades in the letter to prevent someone from sending a secret message.","questions":"What was the purpose of the changes made by the censors in the letters during World War II?","answer":"Prevent"}
{"text":["So there you are standing in the checkout line, that one with a big sign above it that says express, 10 items or less. You notice the basket of the woman in front of you. You silently start tallying. OK, eight or nine items, fine. But wait, she has a six pack under her hand, and under her other arm is a bag of pretzels. And then she's going for that pack of gum. And you're fighting the urge to scream: You had no business in the express line.","If that's you, then John Trinkaus feels your pain. He decided that instead of complaining about it, though, he'd study it. Trinkaus researches not only the express line, but how many people stop at stop signs and the average wait at the doctor's office. My next guest is Marc Abrahams, editor and co-founder of the Annals of Improbable Research, and the founder and master of ceremonies for the Ig Nobel Prize. He'll explain the data details and why it's the simple things that count. He joins us from WBUR in Boston. Hi, Marc.","Hello, Flora.","Tell me - give me some other names of his studies, because they're all really funny."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The woman in front of you has more than 10 items, and you are annoyed about it.","questions":"How many items did the woman in front of you have?","answer":"Six"}
{"text":["So I always tell people, look at your many choices. Don't close any doors. But the fact is that, you know, take your passion, take it as far as you can, but understand you've got to make a living, and you've got to pay the loan back.","What about people like you, who are college presidents?What challenges are you facing in trying to make sure that you can get a broad variety of students from different backgrounds?","Farai, you know, what keeps me up at night is the young women who want to be admitted but don't have the dollars, the young women who are students who are continuing, who are saying, I need more financial aid, the young women whose parents can't take out another loan. That literally keeps me up at night. If you see me again and I'm gray, that's what did it.","I mean literally. I mean, I wake up in the - you know, I wake up in the middle of the night and say, how can I find money for these young people?It is a challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The college president is worried about students' financial struggles.","questions":"What specifically keeps the college president up at night?","answer":"broke"}
{"text":["But people in India really are angry. I have lived in this country in two different periods for about 15 years. I have never seen anything like this before. You see it in other countries, but you don't often see it in India, where people take to the streets and complain. They want change.","There hasn't been much change. All we've seen so far is the home secretary, the home minister, that's the head of the security services, I suppose, being changed, and nothing else has. The armed forces chief and other people are arguing and doing a blame game as to who's responsible, and people are getting angrier.","They want change in terms of attitudes and actions by the politicians and the bureaucrats. They want visible signs of the corruption, which impedes India's efficient government, to stop, and they also want signs that something is being done to stop further attacks.","Elections in India aren't too far off. Is this a signal that the current government might be in jeopardy?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People in India are usually not the type to protest","questions":"How would you describe the usual behavior of people in India?","answer":"Protests"}
{"text":["Well, many of the discussions I've had with other educators is that many times, we have to have a partner - or if we are single, that our partner's income supports our teaching habits, if you will. Certified teachers with master's degrees teaching in their district for 15 years are still making around $30,000 to $35,000 within their district. To have that amount of education and that amount of experience and be paid that wage, that's not a livable wage.","Arizona is a right-to-work state, which means unions don't have much power to negotiate there. Kentucky, West Virginia, Oklahoma are, too. These are all states with Republican legislatures. And we've seen actions by teachers recently in those states, as well. Do you wish you had a union speaking for you?Would that be an answer?","The reason why I got involved was because of the teacher-led grassroots movement. We have been supported by other organizations. Arizona Education Association, which is our union - our teacher union here in the state - have been supporting us. Do I wish that a union was representing us?I'm glad that they are supporting us.","Why do you think this is happening now in places like Kentucky and West Virginia and Oklahoma and now Arizona?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Certified teachers are not paid enough for their education and experience.","questions":"What did the educators discuss with other educators?","answer":"Teaching-habits"}
{"text":["And how much of the war do you see?","I see a lot of the war. It's everywhere. It's just - it feels like we are back on time where hundred years back where we worry about every single thing. For example, I wake up in the morning and you worry, will I have electricity?These days, it's very cold. We cannot have heaters. Hospitals cannot operate because the shortage of fuel. And then when you go to the supermarkets, the prices have either doubled or tripled. A family that lives near to my parents, a neighbor of theirs, actually lost their child because they simply didn't have a single thing to feed them - no water, no clean water, no food. So it's really, really crazy to believe that you're in the 2018.","Yeah. What happens when you go to the market?What's for sale there?How much does it cost?","I'll just give you a quick example - eggs actually. In the past, we used to buy five eggs with 100 riyals but now just over the past couple of months, you buy one egg with 100 riyal. So it's becoming very hard. People will just lock themselves in their houses. And others who are trying to find a solution, they go out in the streets asking for help, but the rest are just dying inside their houses quietly. Sometimes they boil water and just put some spices on top of it and consider it a meal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 'the war' is not a tangible single entity that can be seen in one place - they mean they see evidence of it everywhere ","questions":"What is seen everywhere?","answer":"Evidence"}
{"text":["I gather Jim Dunne was a great father.","He was a great father. And - yes. And he has two sons that are in the automotive business. And yeah, he was a terrific father and a wonderful grandfather as well and a great friend.","Yeah. You're going to miss him.","I'm going to miss him. I'm going to miss - he also was wonderful for - he held lunches at some of Detroit's divier (ph) places. And you know, I'm going to miss when he'd call up and say, hey, we're meeting at Buddy's Pizza (ph) at 12:15. Be there. I wish I'd said yes more often."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Jim Dunne was a great father and successful in raising his sons, while emphasizing he was a wonderful grandfather and friend","questions":"How was Jim Dunne to his grandchildren?","answer":"Wonderful"}
{"text":["Yes - beat me with a rifle - butt of a rifle.","Calvin Woods was also prosecuted for preaching against segregation. It was the law then.","I was speaking out against segregated buses. I was guilty of that and told them that they pay their money to sit down where there's a seat. And you don't have to get up, give anybody your seat unless that's what you want to do. So I was arrested, sentenced to six months hard labor and fined $500.","Calvin Woods and hundreds more in Birmingham were American heroes. But he says he'd like his children and his 60-some grandchildren to know it is always right to do right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Standing up for what is right even if it goes against the law.","questions":"What was PersonA's punishment for speaking out against segregated buses?","answer":"Six"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. Staycation. It's one of those newfangled words that's caught on fast. A vacation is when you vacate. You take off, you stay in a hotel, or camp out, or see the sights. A staycation is - well, you got it. With soaring gas prices and plane tickets, this was supposed to be the summer of staying at home. But was that prediction off the mark?If you're thinking about traveling soon or for the winter holidays, what should you keep in mind?With us to talk about both of those issues we've got Madeline Nunn, senior travel agent with the Richmond, Virginia, branch of the American Automobile Association, or Triple-A. Hi, Madeline.","How are you?","I'm great. So, back in May, a Rand McNally survey found that two-thirds of Americans planning road trips this summer said they would shorten their trips or cancel them all together. Summer is wrapping up, so what actually panned out?","Well, actually, the staycation thing is sort of a myth, so to speak, because Americans are traveling. They're traveling because they are hard-working and they need the rest and the revitalization. They need this vacation. So, what we're finding is that they're not staying home, per se. Some are just staying a little closer to home. And sometimes they're limiting the length of time that they may take for this vacation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Staycation is a vacation taken close to home.","questions":"Which summer trend is being referred to in the dialogue?","answer":"Staycation"}
{"text":["We argued that six months was way, way too short. You're talking about trying to go into archives, documents, find materials. Unfortunately, this was what was included in the legislation. And we've urged the Polish government to open that deadline - indeed, to open the program to people who never filed claims or for whom no claim - buildings for which no claims were filed.","But the Polish government didn't agree.","Unfortunately not. We're hoping that the Polish government will look again at this issue and make this process easier not only in terms of the deadline but also what documentation is required. Make sure that archives are open and material is accessible because if you have a right and legislation but not the means to enforce it - and particularly for many of the Holocaust survivors and their families, virtually all of whom live outside of Poland, it's very difficult. They don't speak the language. They don't live in the country. To address even the administrative issues is extremely difficult.","And what makes this important, so many years after the terrible events we're talking about - after the crimes we're talking about?","We're facing a situation where, in the next few years, we will be living in a world where there won't be Holocaust survivors. It's a population, obviously, that's very elderly, very sick and passing away very rapidly. So we think it's a matter of justice and morality to address and to conclude this issue before that last of that generation disappears."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 :  We're facing a situation where, in the next few years, we will be living in a world where there won't be Holocaust survivors. It's a population, obviously, that's very elderly, very sick, and passing away very rapidly. So we think it's a matter of justice and morality to address and to conclude this issue before that last of that generation disappears.  The implied meaning of A's statement is that they highlight the imminent loss of Holocaust survivors in the coming years. They emphasize the elderly, sickly condition of the survivors and the rapid rate at which they are passing away. A asserts that addressing and resolving the issue at hand is a matter of justice and morality, particularly before the last survivors of that generation are no longer alive.","questions":"Which generation is PersonA referring to in turn 4?","answer":"Holocaust-survivors"}
{"text":["He used software to create phony profiles so he could collect answers from thousands of women and analyze them. He divided the women into seven groups based on the questions they chose to answer, then decided which group he found most engaging. And then he answered those questions that they found most compelling. Once he did, his dating life took off.","At first, I was kind of trying to make them like the classic sort of romantic first date to remember, to tell your kids about. And that turned out to not be a good approach.","First dates take time, after all. They create expectation. They can be exhausting. So Chris McKinlay decided to just meet for a cup of coffee and hope that was long enough to detect in person what OkCupid and its algorithms couldn't - if two people felt a spark. Chris McKinlay had 87 first dates. And on the 88th, he met Christine Tien Wong.","It was a real relief when I met Christine and, you know, on the first date. I was saying yes very strongly at a gut level."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He used data to figure out which women he should focus on in order to maximize his chances of finding a successful relationship.","questions":"What approach did Chris McKinlay decide to take for his first dates?","answer":"coffee"}
{"text":["You edited \"Confessions of a Video Vixen\" by Karrine Steffans. We've had her on show. And it's a memoir about her life as a video dancer for artists like JZ, R.  Kelly, LL Cool J. It talks about hip hop, sex, sexuality, family. Tell me about the process of getting her story to press.","Well it's interesting. I'd heard quite a lot about Corrine via reading a magazine article about her and then hearing about her repeatedly on radio. And so when I reached out to her, I didn't really have a lot of expectations other than this might be interesting. And so I had a very long conversation with her and you know, upon talking to her I was very impressed with her being very - her candor was amazing first of all and then secondly the fact that she was unapologetic about her life. She wasn't proud of it necessarily but she wasn't apologetic either.","And so one of the things that we did, our editorial director, who is amazing, went out to LA and said, I just want to experience this woman for myself and so she spent an evening with her in a popular Hollywood watering hole. And she knew after that evening that Corrine was who she said she was, just based on how people, particularly men, responded to her just from her walking into the room.","Well that's one way of looking at things. But the publisher obviously went a lot further to turn\u2026"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The subject matter of the memoir is controversial and intriguing","questions":"Which word describes the subject matter of the memoir?","answer":"Controversial"}
{"text":["I decided to take matters in my own hands and decided to raise the funds that I need to get the materials that the kids need. The budget wasn't going to change. The only thing is, it was going to get worse. I had decided that I should advertise on my test, and I said, well, if you would like to put a quote or an ad at the bottom of my test, then it'd be kind of a mutual - they help the kids, and then I help them get a little bit of PR out of it.","And so the parents, they responded well?","Absolutely. Back to school night, I had one parent give me a $100 check, and she said, I hope this gets you started, and I actually had a lot of good comments, saying that's very creative and thinking outside the box.","And I've actually gotten emails from parents and one from my school district saying, you know, I am glad somebody is finally speaking up and saying that parents are having a tough time footing the bill for things that should have been paid for through their tax dollars and paid through the school system.","And what did the kids says?I mean, aren't they kind of bombarded by advertising all day long when they are not in school?","They really like the quotes, and they actually look forward to them. I've had students say, hey, what's going to be the next quote, and I tell them, you have to wait."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I am glad somebody is finally speaking up and saying that parents are having a tough time footing the bill for things that should have been paid for through their tax dollars and paid through the school system.\" - The actual meaning is that the person is glad someone is raising awareness about the issue of parents having to pay for things that should have been covered by taxes and the school system.","questions":"Which issue is the person in turn 3 glad someone is raising awareness about?","answer":"Paying"}
{"text":["Thank you.","You begin by saying that you think making laws to get rid of guns just might be impossible.","Well, I think we should try but we already have 300 million guns in circulation in America. So, if tomorrow or in January Congress somehow banned the sale of all new guns, we have 100-year problem. Even if you have gun buybacks - they'll buy back five, 10, 20, 30 million guns - we have a terrible, tragic situation where the country is awash in guns. So, very little on the gun control agenda is actually going to make a dent in that, unfortunately.","Your most controversial points certainly now is that you say more people ought to be trained to fire back at an assailant and be able to carry guns for that purpose."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies the level of pessimism about the effectiveness of gun control measures given the large number of guns already in circulation in the country, and that most proposals for gun control won't make much of a difference..","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the effectiveness of gun control proposals?","answer":"Pessimistic"}
{"text":["You've been following temporary staffing trends for more than two decades now. What sectors are relatively insulated from layoffs?","Well, the sectors that are most resilient are the higher-skill sectors, or if you can get into industries that are involved in education or health care or government. Those are the areas where you get the most bang. We're also seeing a nice increase in the mortgage-processing area, because one of the things the government's doing is lowering the conforming rate for mortgages. And so, there's kind of a rush to refinance.","When you say higher skills, are you talking about engineering, things of that sort?","Well, even within, say, clerical admin, there's always demand for good, you know, personal assistants. There's always demand for engineers or, you know, highly skilled folks. There are sometimes fewer jobs in those areas but for good people, you can get employed.","Now, geographically, where are the hot spots for temporary work?","We're seeing the best demand really around the D. C.  area. You know, Maryland, Virginia, the District of Columbia, of course the government's kind of gearing up, and there's lots of activity to, you know, take on some of these new projects. Another good area is Texas. Texas still has some residual goodwill related to energy and utilities. Beyond that, there is most of the - most every area of the country is feeling some pinch. Some of the toughest places are California, Nevada and Florida."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : Most everyone in the country is feeling that they have to cut back on spending money.","questions":"What is the feeling most people in the country are experiencing regarding spending money?","answer":"Cut"}
{"text":["Well - and very fortunately because the plane at the time he bailed out was headed more or less straight for a densely populated area - Pensacola, Florida. And if you look at the map, it came down just a few miles outside of town, also not far from the Gulf. That plane almost - he almost did guide it into the Gulf maybe 10 miles away.","And since this plane crashed, has anybody heard from Marcus Schrenker?","Well, supposedly one of his friends or acquaintances did get an email from him today. The county sheriff's office in Milton, Florida, which is sort of coordinating the crash investigation, said they couldn't confirm that email, but there were reports that he did send out this email.","Business reporter for the Indianapolis Star, Jeff Swiatek, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The pilot could have intentionally crashed the plane.","questions":"How did the plane almost end up in the Gulf?","answer":"Almost"}
{"text":["Yes. In fact, by far. And that's why the Senate's version of this tax bill largely prevailed in the negotiations with the House over the last few weeks. Before those began, the Senate vote was just a bare majority before they had that big sit-down with the other chamber. And there were several Republican senators on the fence about it, even as yesterday morning dawned. That would include Bob Corker of Tennessee, Marco Rubio of Florida, Susan Collins of Maine.","But now Corker and Rubio are fully on board. Rubio got some more money for the child tax credit. And Bob Corker was objecting to the deficit increase, which is kind of still there, but he says it won't be, maybe, that bad. And he is, of course, a good Republican and a businessman. And he has to like a lot of what's in this bill.","Is this the bill Republicans feel they need to say that they can govern when they have control of the Senate, the House and the presidency?","Indeed. It shows that they can pass a big and complicated piece of legislation that they promised to pass and do it with just their own majorities in both the House and the Senate. It should satisfy the hardcore support base and the donor class that has been growing restive in recent months since the Obamacare repeal failure. And, of course, the jury is out on how many other people it's going to satisfy, including the wage-earners who voted for Donald Trump last year, believing he would be their champion."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) The actual meaning is that Republicans may see this tax bill as an opportunity to demonstrate their ability to govern, having control of the Senate, the House, and the presidency.","questions":"Which party has control of the Senate, the House, and the presidency?","answer":"Republicans"}
{"text":["There's no simple answer to that. What will happen, some of our experiments will be back up and running within two or three weeks. Some of the most complex genetic processes will probably take over a year to get back together. And, you know, disruptions like this push us to think hard about what we want to do and where we want to go.","So I think even though I wouldn't have chosen this - and it really is tremendously sad to have lost our partners in these mice - it's going to push us to think about some new directions which we might not have tried had this not happened. So there is a bit of a silver lining to that.","I wonder if your colleagues are as cheery about this, or at least as optimistic about it as you are.","You know, I've really been impressed and really hardened by the way everyone around me at NYU and people all over the world - I was talking to Ben Crowley(ph) of the New York Times, and I mentioned that I had gotten some 40-odd emails. That's doubled since then. And these are individuals who are offering to give me my own lines back, give me their own lines, to help me with space and resources, to literally take over my experiments until we get back on our feet."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : they are performing experiments on mice, and the mice are all dead","questions":"How are people offering to help the speaker?","answer":"Help"}
{"text":["Good to be with you, Scott.","Do you think President Trump was essentially trying to back off and ease tensions with Iran this week?","Scott, let's begin by saying there was relief, widespread and bipartisan, when the president pulled back instead of pulling the trigger. But the larger confrontation he's created here still has very few avenues for escape. It's possible this show of last-minute restraint may make renewed negotiations possible, but it could also heighten the tension to the point where the Iranians cannot come to the table. They have complicated domestic politics to deal with, just as we do. So the moment of hesitation on the president's part could ultimately produce an even greater degree of anxiety, an even more disastrous hour of reckoning.","A number of people have questioned parts of the president's account, especially a statement that he wasn't given or asked for - whatever it was - an estimate of casualties until the strikes had almost begun."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : To pull the trigger means to decide to make something happen.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue means to make a decision to do something?","answer":"trigger"}
{"text":["Well, many of the discussions I've had with other educators is that many times, we have to have a partner - or if we are single, that our partner's income supports our teaching habits, if you will. Certified teachers with master's degrees teaching in their district for 15 years are still making around $30,000 to $35,000 within their district. To have that amount of education and that amount of experience and be paid that wage, that's not a livable wage.","Arizona is a right-to-work state, which means unions don't have much power to negotiate there. Kentucky, West Virginia, Oklahoma are, too. These are all states with Republican legislatures. And we've seen actions by teachers recently in those states, as well. Do you wish you had a union speaking for you?Would that be an answer?","The reason why I got involved was because of the teacher-led grassroots movement. We have been supported by other organizations. Arizona Education Association, which is our union - our teacher union here in the state - have been supporting us. Do I wish that a union was representing us?I'm glad that they are supporting us.","Why do you think this is happening now in places like Kentucky and West Virginia and Oklahoma and now Arizona?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Certified teachers are not paid enough for their education and experience.","questions":"Which state is mentioned as a right-to-work state?","answer":"Arizona"}
{"text":["I don't think he is. I haven't heard him talk about the Constitution or small government. It's hard to say you espouse conservative principals and small-government principals when you are saying that you think Canadian health care system works and it's wonderful.","An NBC Wall Street Journal poll shows that Mr.  Trump has a very high favorability rating among conservative talk radio listeners. Do you have listeners that say to you you're wrong about this?","(Laughter) Not yet. I have lots of listeners who say that I'm wrong on this, but that's OK. I speak my mind, and my opinion is my opinion, nothing more and nothing less. I look for a man of integrity, humility, who is rooted in the Constitution - because if you root yourself in the Constitution, we can't go too far left, and we can go too far right. We are held by principles we all used to declare we found self-evident.","Do you have any sense of rivalry with Donald Trump?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  In this context, \"root yourself in the Constitution\" implies having a firm understanding of the values and principles in the Constitution, as opposed to its literal meaning of physically planting yourself in the document. ","questions":"What does \"root yourself in the Constitution\" imply?","answer":"Understanding"}
{"text":["It will be - the repercussions will, you know, be far and wide. As I said, the law has more than a thousand pages. It touches every part of the health care system. So it's not just these marketplaces that we talk about most of the time.","The most immediate impact is Medicaid expansion. More than 10 million people have gotten health care because states have expanded Medicaid to a larger population. The law guarantees that people up to age 26 can get insurance through their parents. That's popular - that would go away. Again, the pre-existing condition protections - insurance companies have to give people coverage for their existing health problems.","But then, it also controls what Medicare pays doctors. It authorizes the Indian Health Service. It determines whether companies have to make accommodations for breastfeeding mothers. It makes chain restaurants put calorie counts on their menus. I mean, it's everywhere.","Yeah. Well, I mean, a lot of things have changed in American life."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : touches every part of the health care system implies relates and concerns the health care system ","questions":"How does the law impact the Indian Health Service?","answer":"Authorizes"}
{"text":["The New York Mets lost 7 to 1 to the Milwaukee Brewers on Wednesday, but the real loser was their mascot, Mr.  Met. Mr.  Met has a huge white baseball of a head dappled with red stitching and embellished with a perpetual grin.","But as he left the playing field Wednesday night, Mr.  Met flipped a middle finger to a group of fans who posted it on Twitter - busted, Mr.  Met. The club apologized, and the team employee in the Mr.  Met costume that night has reportedly not returned. There were reports that fans heckled him, which fans deny.","The Mr.  Mets middle finger controversy poses a physical and philosophical question. Mr.  Met has four fingers on each hand. How can you say that any of them is a middle finger?Anyway, flipping the bird in New York, isn't that just how they say good morning in Queens?","(Singing) Well, everybody's heard about the bird - bird, bird, bird, the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, don't you know about the bird?Well, everybody knows that the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, the bird's the word. . ."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  the figurative use of the phrase \"flipping the bird\" and the phrase's implication in New York City, respectively.","questions":"Which gesture did Mr. Met make towards a group of fans?","answer":"Bird"}
{"text":["Oh, it smells delicious.","Vegetal.","It's totally vegetal.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Don't just paraphase the words! Find the implicated meaning! We don't want answers like: to be silent means stay quiet and not making noise, bad answer!  Please read the examples above carefully!      (1)\tB:\tOh, it smells delicious. (2)\tA:\tVegetal. (3)\tB:\tIt's totally vegetal. (4)\tA:\t(Laughter).  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1)  (2)  (3)  (4)","questions":"Which word did PersonA use to describe the smell?","answer":"Delicious"}
{"text":["So we hear that a lot. We hear employees being congratulated for working 24\/7, which now we know is the cognitive equivalent of coming to work drunk. But it's changing. We are now in this amazing transition period where more and more companies are beginning to realize that living like that and working like that has actually terrible consequences, not just on the health and productivity of their employees but also on their bottom line.","You talk about sleep as a basic human right that we have not ranked alongside, you know, the right not to go hungry, the right to freedom of expression, that sort of thing.","Yes, and what is interesting is that it's a right that has been violated both in workplaces where employees have been expected to be perpetually on, especially since the advent of the smartphone, but also which is constantly violated by us because we have so minimized the importance of sleep. So that basic human right that you mention is often violated by us.","We can't do an interview with Arianna Huffington at this point and not ask about the 2016 presidential campaign. And I will point out Donald Trump says he just gets by on about four hours of sleep a night. Any reaction to that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implies that Donald Trump's disregard for sleep is unwise and potentially detrimental.","questions":"Which presidential candidate's sleep habits are discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Trump"}
{"text":["Actually, before, I was charging 155. And since the economy has gotten bad, I don't want to take advantage of people. So, I've just felt to lower my prices to make it better for everyone, and it's 125, and it's an hour session, and I do phone or in-person readings. I'm in New York. So, if anyone is in New York, I can do an in-person reading or over the phone.","And you say you channel. What does that mean?What's your technique?","My technique is, I work with guides on the other side and angels who work through me. So, I never say that the information is from me. It's coming from a higher source. And these things are connected to the person, so they really know the person better than they know themselves. And they know what they need to hear or that they want to hear that is best for them to help their soul to live the life that is best for their soul, basically.","Hmm. With all due respect to you and your profession, couldn't someone just be extremely well informed by reading the newspapers, listening to NPR, for example, and figuring out which way the economic winds are blowing and then make predictions and offer advice based on that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : charging implies money levied for service and not charging battery level ","questions":"Which level?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Like we have a song together called, \"You Think You Got It Bad. \"And what I do is, you know, we'll play the track. Then we'll ask him what do he think it needs?And he goes in the studio and do it. You know, it's never something like boy, you can write something for somebody else. You just have to leave everybody creatively open and just hope that it'll all work out.","(Singing) Everything happens for a reason. . .","Now, one of your collaborators, T. I. , was just sentenced to jail on weapons charges. He's, you know, hasn't started serving, yet. But you spent some time in jail yourself. And do you have any advice for someone like T. I. on how to deal with doing time?","Yeah. I think, you know, it is an opportunity. I mean, it's kind of a sad opportunity. I hate to, you know, get an opportunity to have a lot of time with yourself like that. But seeing as if you do, you have the ability to focus on something completely. You have no other outside circumstances that just need your attention like that. You know, he could, you know, write songs. He could find the cure to cancer. He could do anything, man."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"doing time\" - The actual meaning of this phrase is serving a prison sentence. However, the intended meaning could be that this is an opportunity for self-reflection and personal growth.","questions":"Which phrase has an intended meaning of personal growth and self-reflection?","answer":"Self-reflection"}
{"text":["His anatomy turns out to be such that when he tastes something, he experiences it as much more intense than someone who has a lower density of taste buds on his tongue and. . .","Well, let me go through - let me ask you - well, let me just remind everybody that this is SCIENCE FRIDAY, from NPR. And I'm talking with Barbara Stuckey, author of \"Taste What You're Missing. \"Are you saying that we each have different numbers of taste buds on our tongues?Not - we all don't have the same number of taste buds?","We all live in our own private sensory world. So yes, the answer is we all have a different anatomy picture that really influences how we experience. . .","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B: Wow.The word \"Wow\" is often used to express surprise or astonishment, but in this context, it may not convey the literal meaning of a sudden reaction. It could be indicating the listener's genuine interest or fascination with the previous statement, rather than just an exclamation.","questions":"What could PersonB's reaction indicate about their response to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Fascination"}
{"text":["Still, you'll remember that more than two dozen Russians have already been indicted this year for conspiring to interfere in the 2016 elections. And the message this week is that they are at it again, or maybe they never stopped.","We should remind ourselves - this is so serious. This has to do with the ability of citizens to cast vote, which is the lowest and most important lever of democracy. What's the reaction been like so far in the Capitol?","You know, President Trump has kind of brushed off these new charges. He says there's nothing here to do with his campaign. And he says if there are hackers out there, they probably liked his opponent in 2016, Hillary Clinton, better than him. He was also critical, yesterday, of former President Obama, Trump said, for not doing more in 2016 to deter these attacks back then. Of course, the Obama administration tried to issue a warning, but they say that idea was shot down by Republican Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell at the time.","As for other reactions from the Capitol, Senator Mark Warner, Democrat - the senior Democrat on the Senate Intelligence Committee - says it's time for Congress to get involved here. He says that social media companies need to commit to work with lawmakers to update laws and better protect against this kind of foreign election interference."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Russian interference in the 2016 election is ongoing or never stopped.","questions":"Which lever of democracy is the most important?","answer":"Vote"}
{"text":["Thank you.","What's your game plan to recapture the glory days of Fischer versus Spassky?","Well, I think what I remember most clearly from my childhood, which inspires me in transforming chess into a spectator sport is having a radio under my pillow and listening to the Orioles games in Baltimore. Here in England, I try and remind people of listening to cricket on the radio. These were enormously popular ways of consuming sports, and you didn't really need to see anything. You have the same thing with chess. If you happen to have a computer at hand, you get brilliant new data visualization, which allows you to see with the eyes of a grandmaster. So, it's not at all the sort of paint-drying experience that you imagine.","How do you hope to get people who don't care so deeply about chess or might even not know how the game is played except the vaguely know that a checkmate is something good and the king is something that you aspire to be on the board. How do you get them interested?","Well, we don't probably. And I don't think it really matters. We hired a great media research company and we came to the amazing conclusion there are more people in America who play chess regularly now than there are people who play tennis and golf.","But to point out the obvious: the play chess, they don't watch it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A's response is not directly answering B's question about the game plan to recapture the glory days of Fischer versus Spassky. Instead, A is sharing their inspiration to transform chess into a spectator sport and explaining how it can be consumed without the need for visual aids.","questions":"What does PersonA remember most clearly from their childhood that inspires them to transform chess into a spectator sport?","answer":"Radio"}
{"text":["All right, Lanny, final question, and got to keep this tight. Is it smart or fair for him to stay as the head of Ways and Means?","It's absolutely smart and fair, so long as he's willing to accept the judgment on the merits when the investigation is completed. Now, Congressman Boehner, the Republican minority leader, introduced a censure resolution when there are Republicans on the House Ethics Committee who haven't even had a chance to see the evidence. This is the same John Boehner who has admitted to handing out tobacco money on the floor of the House. That's who is jumping to conclusions, as Ken Spain has done. And by the way, even in your case, there is a difference between indictment and conviction. You can indict a ham sandwich. I wrote a column that said Ted Stevens is an innocent man until he's proven guilty. Well, so is Charles Rangel. We've turned over everything we're going to to the Ethics Committee. We asked the Ethics Committee to investigate Congressman Rangel. Now we have our forensic investigator who's reporting to the Ethics Committee, and then we're going to publish everything, including 20 years of tax returns, and abide by the Ethics Committee judgment. Only Republicans desperate to change the subject as to what has happened in this economy over eight years of Republican gross negligence. . .","All right, Lanny.","Is the word that I heard used, would focus on Charlie Rangel rather than what's going on in mainstream America today."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"You can indict a ham sandwich.\" - This turn of phrase is an idiom and does not have a literal meaning. It means that a prosecutor can secure an indictment, or formal accusation of a crime, against anyone, even if the evidence is weak or lacking. The turn of phrase is used to emphasize that the indictment alone does not prove guilt.","questions":"Which phrase is used to emphasize that an indictment alone does not prove guilt?","answer":"sandwich"}
{"text":["Now it's, I should say this is a demonstration, it's not, you know, there is an actual kill that takes place in the video, but it's not a real kill, it's a demo kill. But what the system that they are playing or working on actually is designed to do and will do when it is deployed is to hunt, and if necessary kill, real targets. It fires missiles, it drops bombs, you can hear the guy talking about the weapons that he has available on one of his drones.","And they didn't just make it feel like a video game, they figured out that there's a sort of a feedback loop that was a problem for the operators, they couldn't kind of sense what was happening. And they hired video gamers to redesign their system for them.","Yeah, they hired real game developers. Because, you know, when you compared what people in the military were using to operate drones to what the latest Xbox or PlayStation system looked like, I mean the screens on this wrap around you so you feel as though you were there. One of the executives Raytheon describes it as projecting your mind into a place where you want it.","You write about watching this demonstration video with your seven year old kind of standing behind you watching this screen, and he gets it right away and he kind of likes it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"the screens on this wrap around you so you feel as though you were there\" - The literal meaning is that the screens wrap around the user to create a sense of immersion. The implied meaning is that the user can feel as though they are actually present in the location where the drone is operating.","questions":"How does the system make the user feel?","answer":"Immersion"}
{"text":["Studios can hold out. They're in bad shape. I mean, they're going to be hurt by this environment economically. But that doesn't mean they can't survive for quite a long time with a strike underway. And that means that people would - I mean, it would just be so devastating; people would lose their jobs. And that wouldn't just be the actors; it would be people who support productions. The actors, unlike the writers, they can close down a movie very quickly. So, it would be an immediate and potentially a long-term and the devastating impact not only for the economy here, but for the Screen Actors Guild if it turned out to backfire.","So, Kim, what happens from here?What's the next steps?","At some point, they can declare an impasse, and the Screen Actors Guild will go to its members and ask for a strike authorization. That requires 75-percent approval of those voting. There certainly are some very high-profile actors - George Clooney, Tom Hanks - who are very opposed to this and who probably would go out there and try to persuade people to vote and vote it down. But with 75-percent approval of those voting, not of the membership, of those voting, that would mean they would have strike authorization and they could initiate a strike.","And if there is a strike, what would that mean for viewers?Does that mean even more hours of reality TV?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : If there is a strike, it would have an immediate and potentially a long-term devastating impact on the economy and for the Screen Actors Guild.","questions":"Which impact would a strike have?","answer":"Devastating"}
{"text":["So Iran, I think, is going to respond to what it sees as its advantage. If the Trump administration were prepared to say we're going to remove a good part of the sanctions on Iran if you will sit down at the table, I think Iran would probably take that very seriously. The Trump administration, because of its opposition to the nuclear deal, created a crisis that really wasn't necessary.","And it could get worse. There is a real chance of misperception and misunderstanding that leads to military conflict. And I think this is something that nobody wants.","That's Gary Sick. He's a senior research scholar at Columbia University's Middle East Institute. Mr.  Sick, thank you so much for talking to us.","It was a pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Iran would be willing to negotiate if some of the sanctions were removed.","questions":"How would Iran respond if the Trump administration removed some of the sanctions?","answer":"Seriously"}
{"text":["One option for mothers who feel they aren't able to properly raise a child is to surrender their infants anonymously. So-called safe-haven laws let moms give up their children at local hospitals, police and fire stations without legal consequence. They're intended as a way to save babies from grim fates. Pete Pircsh is a state senator in Nebraska.","2004, a 2-day-old infant was abandoned in a canal near the Elkhorn River in Norfolk. The baby had been dead for about two days at the time it was discovered. In 2007, a woman found a baby boy abandoned in a tote bag between a trash bin and a discarded TV, and there are other incidents like that.","This summer, Nebraska became the last state in the nation to pass a safe-haven law, and theirs is a bit different. Pirsch wrote an amendment to the bill that says children as old as 19 can be left at safe havens. Most states only allow parents to drop off their children if they're less than a year old.","If they're on the point where they, out of frustration or anger, may actually injure the child, then this is a vastly superior system to set up because it will take the child from that position of danger and place him into a safe environment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Safe-haven laws provide a vastly superior system to take a child out of a dangerous situation and place them in a safe environment.","questions":"What is the purpose of safe-haven laws?","answer":"Save"}
{"text":["Given that President Trump pulled the U. S.  out of this deal a year ago, why has Iran just now decided to do all this?","Well, there's a couple of reasons. One, as you mentioned, the U. S.  isn't the only party to the deal. And so after the U. S.  pulled out, Iran wanted to give the other parties, which are Russia, Europe and China, time to maybe provide some sanctions relief, to provide it a reason to stay in. After a year, that hadn't happened. And so Iran has been putting pressure, particularly on Europe, to try and get something in exchange for agreeing to abide by the deal.","The other big thing that's going on is that the U. S.  is dialing up this maximum pressure campaign. And Iran is kind of exerting the same campaign back. You know, they are starting to be increasingly provocative in a number of arenas, and the nuclear arena is one of those.","And does this mean that the deal is likely to totally fall apart soon?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Iran is responding to the US's maximum pressure campaign","questions":"How is Iran reacting to the US's campaign?","answer":"Responding"}
{"text":["Very much this was an aftershock to the departure of Steve Bannon, who was the president's chief strategist. He's the guy who brought Seb Gorka in. Gorka was not a household name, at least not in most households. And he was part of the contingent in the White House associated with this America first attitude, a kind of ultra-nationalism. And that faction, at this point, is down. But as we saw with the pardon of Sheriff Arpaio, that faction is not yet out.","More missiles out of North Korea were launched last night - fell in the sea. North Korea had not so much other news broken overnight. This might have been our lead story. Does President Trump, after this week, have the confidence in Congress and in other quarters of opinion, to lead the country on this and other issues?","You know, that depends on whom you ask. There are certainly those people who will express total confidence in the president, those who have probably never had any at all. But the team around the president, the three generals - so we are increasingly talking about John Kelly, James Mattis, H. R. McMaster - that team tends to boost confidence on military matters.","Ron Elving, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) \"And that faction, at this point, is down.But as we saw with the pardon of Sheriff Arpaio, that faction is not yet out.\" ","questions":"What was the faction associated with the America first attitude that is not yet out?","answer":"America"}
{"text":["Exactly, exactly.","How often does this happen?This is quite rare, is it not?","Yeah, we haven't had an annular eclipse in the United States since 1994, and this is part of what's called a sero-cycle(ph) that repeats itself every 18 years, 11 days and six hours - but who's counting that?But it repeats itself very precisely, and so we'll have another eclipse just like this 18 years, 11 days and six hours from now.","And in a couple of weeks, there's going to be another big sky show, right?The Transit of Venus. Tell us about that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that there is another event coming up soon, not just asking for information.","questions":"What does turn 3 imply?","answer":"Implication"}
{"text":["Right. We can run through who is to blame for this, but I'd rather talk about what the solution is. The sticking points are on immigration. The president wants to change the system. Are you willing to scrap, for example, the visa lottery where 50,000 visas are given out to individuals from countries who aren't represented. . .","I think we have to look at it in a comprehensive way. But the point right now is just the other day, just the other night, Mitch McConnell understood that he needed 60 votes to continue the - to pass a continuing resolution. And yet he went forward knowing he did not have the 60 votes. So it is time for the Republicans - let's be clear. They control the House. They control the Senate. They control the White House. They've got to sit down and negotiate and understand they can't get everything they want. . .","Right. But what are you asking for?What are you asking for, exactly?","What we're asking for is three things. We are asking for an annual budget which will provide equally for defense and nondefense spending. We are asking that months and months after these terrible disasters impacted Texas and Florida and Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands - that we deal with disaster relief. And we are asking what the American people want. Recent poll had 87 percent of the American people saying that DREAMers should receive, retain their legal status that Trump took away from them. And most of those folks think there should be a path toward citizenship."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Republicans need to compromise and negotiate instead of trying to get everything they want.","questions":"How did PersonA suggest the Republicans should approach negotiations?","answer":"Compromise"}
{"text":["We're hosting an online viewing party of sorts. For all those people who couldn't be among the 75,000 at INVESCO, I guess the next best thing to do is have your computer at your desk and join us. So we'll be linking to a stream of the event, and we'll host a real-time conversation.","So give that address again.","nprnewsandviews. org.","All right. Geoffrey Bennett is the web producer for News and Notes, joining me from the studios at the NPR west. Geoff, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Virtual event for inclusive engagement and community building.","questions":"Which type of event is being hosted?","answer":"virtual"}
{"text":["Let me follow up on a couple of things. Attorney General Sessions and the Justice Department announced the change on affirmative action and a big vow a crack down on leaks, following the leak of White House - of transcripts from White House conversations between President Trump and prime minister of Australia and the president of Mexico.","Yes. Now, Jeff Sessions, despite his very public dispute with the president, who has been unhappy with him publicly, continues to be quite busy at the Department of Justice. The affirmative action issue is not quite clear. The Department of Justice claims there was less to that story than was originally claimed, that, in fact, they're merely looking at a single lawsuit, not looking to overhaul American policy to attack affirmative action broadly across the country.","On Friday, Attorney General Sessions announced this wide-ranging effort to root out leaks, which have been very rampant in the - under this administration to the great displeasure of the president and those in his orbit, announcing that he will re-evaluate the Department of Justice's guidelines on how they deal with leaks and potentially seek to target journalists more than is already done.","And we should note, to be fair, the Obama administration targeted at least one journalist, James Rosen, who was - phone calls from. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3), the implied meaning is that the Department of Justice is taking a strong stance on leaks and may be targeting journalists more aggressively than they have in the past, which could have implications for press freedom.","questions":"Which issue is the Department of Justice targeting more aggressively?","answer":"journalists"}
{"text":["And they would need 60 votes to do that bill, which means they would need at least eight Democrats and probably more to come on board to essentially re-pass some form of health care legislation to offer insurance to people on the individual market. I think realistic people in this debate on both sides of the equation say that is the most unrealistic option at this stage.","Do you hear any concern from Republican leaders or individual Republican legislators about the public opinion polls that suggest that the Republican health care proposals are extravagantly unpopular, less than 20 percent?","They are fully aware of how unpopular this legislation is. But I will tell you, Scott, every single conversation I have had with a Republican lawmaker on Capitol Hill is they say not doing anything on health care - letting this bill fail - is the worst possible political outcome because it is the singular thing that they have all campaigned on. It is the reason why they believe they have congressional majorities in the White House. And to fail on that would completely deflate the Republican base and structurally weaken the party going into the midterm elections.","But Mitch McConnell at the same time can't pull some Democrats over with a plan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Republican lawmakers recognize that not taking action on health care would have negative political consequences.","questions":"What do Republican lawmakers fear would happen to their party if they fail to act on health care legislation?","answer":"Weaken"}
{"text":["You described some playwrights, Beckett, for example, as somebody whose work seems to back away from you the closer you get it. But Miller's play, you say, is not like that.","No. It wasn't like - my experience with Chekhov and Beckett was just what you call - that they get harder and harder as you go. But with \"Salesman,\" surprisingly, because it's fully as great a play as those others, it did welcome us and come toward us day by day. And then, we did a fairly smart thing, which is that we had a workshop just for ourselves for almost a month, and nobody ever saw it and we didn't perform it, but we just worked on it. And then as per plan, we went away for over three and a half months.","And then when we came back, we went into rehearsal and then finally got onstage and did it. And the three and a half months living and doing other things made a surprisingly big difference. It just sank into everybody and took enormous strides all on its own, and that was both exciting and surprising in its extent. And also, it was a clue to what was going to continue to happen, which is that it just burrowed deeper and deeper into the actors and they - into one another, and they have become a family. And they're - what goes on between them is - I've never seen - in my experience, I've never seen it quite like this.","Philip Seymour Hoffman obviously plays the lead role. Is - did the play come first or the actor come first?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : burrowed deeper and deeper implies that the work was engaging for the actors to perform","questions":"Which word describes the impact the play had on the actors?","answer":"Surprising"}
{"text":["Do you think the royal family can really survive in a time when we have other kinds of celebrities that cost the taxpayer nothing?I mean, clearly, a lot of hopes are being placed on not only Meghan Markle and Prince Harry but the other younger royals like Prince William.","I very, very sincerely believe that Britain couldn't do without them. There's such a deep attachment. They're sort of the very, like, emblem of history, of continuity. Unlike America, there's been almost a kind of - a certain kind of disregard for history. Britain has always fallen back on the past. It's always needed the past. So they're - I think that they will find a way for the royal family to continue to carry on that symbolism, at least.","I must ask you - are you attending the wedding?","I'm not."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker believes that the royal family is being given an unfair advantage over other kinds of celebrities that don't cost taxpayers anything. Score: 4","questions":"Which disadvantage does the speaker believe other kinds of celebrities have compared to the royal family?","answer":"Cost"}
{"text":["What happened with Dr.  Strauss was upsetting. It was one night in your life. How has it stayed with you over the years?What's it done to your life since then?","So that building was fairly close to campus. And so for the next probably three, four or five years, you know, I went by that building a lot. It was hard to relive what's going in there. Again, you just kind of bottle it up and put it away. I'm, you know, upset with Ohio State. But I'm upset with Strauss, but he's dead. So I'm even more upset that Ohio State, a large institution that I have significant ties to and that I - you know, I met my wife there, asked her to marry me, have lots of friends from there. I've donated my time, donated money. And now I'm finding out that they failed me.","When the box opened back up on Memorial Day, I've had trouble sleeping at night. I sometimes wake up the middle of the night and see him standing over me doing what he's doing. And I still - there's one picture of him on the - a local TV station and Columbus' website - a color picture that I can't look at. If I see it, I just get sick to my stomach. So the box has been opened back up now, and it's been a struggle.","What would you like the university to do at this point in your life?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Bob feels betrayed by Ohio State for failing him despite his significant ties to the institution.","questions":"Which institution does Bob feel betrayed by?","answer":"Ohio"}
{"text":["Yes, and we looked especially at people who are most likely to think they are lacking in bias, such as the self-described egalitarians, also political liberals. Our sample, being an Internet sample, is not surprising that it was a majority of liberals. And we found that the implicit race attitudes of these liberals and the egalitarians predicted their warmth toward Republican candidates.","So in other words, many white and non-white voters will unconsciously vote against President Obama because of his race, but when asked, they'll give a reason other than race.","That's very likely. This is very hard to tease apart, and our method works by measuring things that you can't really ask people about because they don't know. And we think it's one of a number of factors that play into determining vote. But it's a strong enough factor so that it can actually affect a significant percentage of the vote.","Among Republican candidates, when you polled them, did you see similar racial attitudes towards Herman Cain?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Factors such as implicit race attitudes can significantly affect the vote.","questions":"Which attitudes can significantly affect the vote?","answer":"Implicit"}
{"text":["He gave him something called Ward's White Drops which didn't do anything. The poor bishop died a few months later, and Dr.  Hunter was the one who performed the autopsy. And he collected the bishop's rectum for whatever reasons and he preserved them in formaldehyde. And when he started his museum, it became one of the main things on exhibit and it's still there.","Hmm. For - yeah, for all of us to take a look at.","Mm-hmm.","What made this an outstanding candidate?Just the story like that, for your. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The bishop is rectum became a museum exhibit.","questions":"Which body part of the bishop was preserved in formaldehyde and exhibited in the museum?","answer":"Rectum"}
{"text":["Yeah. And a program like this, how does it help you see things differently and what you should do differently?","It helped me see things differently by not wanting to be the person that's robbing the good guy, you know. It helped me see that I could do anything with my life and that anything's possible. You know, I could go to the moon right now if I wanted to.","Christian Champagne, who is a high school junior in Chicago and part of the Becoming a Man program. All kinds of luck to you, Mr. Champagne. It's been very nice to talk to you.","Thank you. Been nice to talk to you too."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) B: Christian Champagne, who is a high school junior in Chicago and part of the Becoming a Man program. All kinds of luck to you, Mr. Champagne. It's been very nice to talk to you.  In both of these turns, the implied meanings go beyond the literal words used. The speaker in (2) is expressing a change in their perspective and motivation, not just describing a visual change. In (3), the speaker is using the phrase \"All kinds of luck to you\" as a form of well-wishing, not literally referring to different types of luck.","questions":"Which program was Christian Champagne a part of?","answer":"Becoming"}
{"text":["The 767 is a workhorse of an airplane. It's been flying since 1981. Boeing has made more than a thousand of them. As passenger airlines sell off older members of their fleets, many 767s end up as cargo planes. And it's one of these leased to Amazon that crashed last Saturday near Houston. Three people onboard died. Yesterday, investigators discovered the cockpit voice recorder. We spoke with Todd Curtis, an aviation safety and security analyst and founder of airsafe. com, and asked if the 767 is a safe aircraft.","Generally speaking, yes. This is an aircraft that's been used in military versions, passenger versions, freight versions since the early 1980s. This is an aircraft that's had a lot of experience. It's been through a lot of vetting during the original design phase, as well as throughout its history. So there're, at present, no real issues on the level of the NTSB or the FAA being worried about this airplane.","What's known about this specific aircraft that crashed?It was 26 years old. Anything else about its history we know?","Well, this particular aircraft is typical for an older 767. That is, it went through several operators through its lifespan. And in recent years, after it stopped being a passenger airliner, it was converted to being a cargo airliner and had been flying for some time with Atlas Airlines, which, in this case, had the aircraft leased out to Amazon."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The 767 has a good safety record and is not a concern for the FAA.","questions":"How is the safety record of the 767 aircraft?","answer":"Good."}
{"text":["All right. Give me - we just have time for one tip for online dating, something you should do or shouldn't do.","One thing you should do is be yourself. Never ever, ever post any picture that's like five years old and 50 pounds lighter or heavier than you are. It's like your picture should reflect who you are, and the way that you write your profile should reflect who you are as a person, as well as the person that you're trying to attract for a date. Things you should not do, never have someone meet you in your home on a first date that you've never met before. Don't give out any specifics. I say, don't tell someone where you work unless you want them to come and visit you there.","Right.","Don't give them your address unless you want them to come and visit you there as well."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 50 pounds  implies a weight and not referring to 50 British pounds ","questions":"How much lighter or heavier should you not post a picture of yourself when online dating?","answer":"50lbs"}
{"text":["As soon as we saw it, there's no mistaking it, Mr.  Fernandez told the New York Post. It's basically a miniature version of the shark you see in the movie \"Jaws. \"And Mr.  Fernandez and his fishing buddies were in a boat not far off 116th Street. Close enough, as he said, that we could still see the colors of the bathing suits of the people on the beach.","The great white that Steve Fernandez snagged turned out to be an 80 pound baby shark. The shark's mother, who probably weighs about 600 pounds, was swimming only a little further away. Great white sharks are apparently protected by New York State regulations. The authorities consider sharks too big to fail so the fisher people snapped a few shark selfies and slipped their catch back into the see. A great white shark in far Rockaway, Queens - well, why not?They say you can find at least one of everything somewhere in New York. But wouldn't you think the sharks would swim closer to Wall Street?","(Singing) Baby there's a shark in the water. There's something underneath my bed. Oh, please believe, I said. Baby there's a shark in the water. I caught them barking at the moon. You better get here soon.","V.  V.  Brown. You're listening to NPR News."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The lyrics of the song in turn 3 are actually about a romantic relationship, not an actual shark in the water.","questions":"What is the song in turn 2 about?","answer":"Song"}
{"text":["Perhaps it really was all Steve Bannon inviting Michael Wolff into the White House, giving him unfettered access. But the White House is - and the West Wing is a small place. And it's hard to ignore. I certainly saw Michael Wolff when I was covering - when I've been covering the White House for the last year. It's kind of hard to ignore the guy.","Yeah. And just briefly, I'm just curious about this idea that somehow, you know, this may not really damage the president. I mean, how much of a blow do you think this will be?Or is this just another one of these scandals that seems to erupt and then be forgotten when the next one comes in?","I think it has a small, marginal, cumulative effect, right?I mean everybody sort of has baked in that that the president is not normal, is not - certainly not a normal president, doesn't operate in the normal way. I think what will change - say, that 36, 38 percent approval to something a lot worse - is if something happens catastrophic, if there's a drop a severe drop in the stock market or, God forbid, some kind of national security disaster, something bad for the Mueller investigation. This is only hurting his ability to weather a big storm like that. It's giving nobody who's on the fence, trying to figure out if they can still support him any reason to do so.","That's Michael Warren, a senior writer at the Weekly Standard. Thanks for coming in."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Steve Bannon is responsible for giving Michael Wolff access to the White House, which is hard to ignore.","questions":"Which journalist did PersonA see when covering the White House for the last year?","answer":"Michael"}
{"text":["And, you know, one can argue about how effective this instance of dueling briefs might have been in illuminating that whole issue for the American public. But it certainly wasn't anything like what we've seen in the current instance where you have, to be quite frank, a blatant use of the House Intelligence Committee for the purpose of trying to pre-emptively discredit findings of the special counsel.","But then - I'm glad you mentioned the disagreement between the two parties about - with the phrase was - what?- enhanced interrogation. . .","Right.",". . . Techniques. Because it is, among other things, the responsibility of Senate and House committees to oversee government action and to step in and make corrections and, for that matter, alert the public when they think intelligence agencies are going over the line, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn suggests that the speaker is feeling frustrated and overwhelmed.","questions":"What emotion is implied in turn 2?","answer":"Frustration"}
{"text":["If you're a minority professional and you grow up understanding that there will be expectations placed upon you that you have to overcome, the reality of it is, if you go into this thinking you can just be good you'll end up with a mediocre career. And so \"Good is Not Enough\" is really just a sounding call to minority professionals saying, hey, you know, we can be players at this level but we can't just play good, we have to excel.","Let's break down a few of the things you say matter. One is networking. Why so important?","Networking is so important because in this day and age a lot of the jobs, a lot of the opportunities that will come your way will not be through Monster, will not be through the want ads, it will be through networking. And so from a career perspective the opportunities will come your way from networking, but more importantly networking is a great opportunity to learn from others who have been down the road that you're trying to go. For example, if, I met a company right now - I'm at Pitney Bowes, and I love being there - but if I were to look at an opportunity at IBM, if I had a network that includes someone at IBM, I could actually call and get a better idea of what it is I'm stepping into, because corporate culture is just critical.","But how do you find someone who is a peer or a mentor at another company?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Good is not enough for minority professionals to excel, they need to overcome expectations placed on them","questions":"How should minority professionals aim to excel in their careers?","answer":"Overcome."}
{"text":["But Dr.  Landreth and his colleagues contend that's not the culprit. The culprit is the earlier forms of deposition, the so-called oligomeric stage that is really causing the damage, or the soluble stage of the processing. And the drug may be effective at that stage, and hence may be efficacious.","But this is all within the world of amyloid. There's a whole other research community out there that talks about other aspects of the Alzheimer's disease process. So while amyloid is likely to be a major player, it may not be the only culprit in the disease.","And so there may be other ways to treat it, too.","Absolutely. I mean, I think one - you may be familiar with the National Alzheimer's Project Act that was signed into law in 2011, and eventually resulted in the first United States national plan for Alzheimer's disease, released about a year ago in Washington. And part of that plan talks about exploring other targets for Alzheimer's disease."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Amyloid is likely to be a major cause of alzehiemer's but not the only cause.","questions":"Which stage causes the damage in Alzheimer's disease?","answer":"Oligomeric"}
{"text":["What about the SPF factor?Does SPF 30 protect you twice as much as, say, SPF 15 and half as much as 60?","Great question. So it's - actually the way that the studies are done it's a little bit confusing because an SPF of 15 protects you from 93 percent of UVB rays, and it's only UVBs that SPF actually tells you about. Now, an SPF of 30 is going to protect you from 97 percent of those UVB rays. And when you get up to 50, you're only protecting yourself from 98 percent. So you can notice it's partial percentage points differences. . .","Yeah.",". . . between that 30 to 50. And when you get up to that 100 range, it's even a smaller difference, and that's the reason why the FDA is going to release new guidelines for rules of how we're going to label our sunscreens. And it's going to finally happen this December, so that we're not actually be able to have a sunscreen higher than 50 because it really gives people a false sense of security when they're using those higher numbers when they're really not getting that as much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Sunscreen with an SPF higher than 50 gives people a false sense of security.","questions":"How much SPF protection gives people a false sense of security?","answer":"50"}
{"text":["Anyway, let's talk about Oprah, her TV show, her magazine, popularity in general taking a hit?Do you think it's because she picked a candidate in this race?","I think, that's probably partially what it is. I mean, she does have a very mainstream audience of women, who - a lot of them supported Hillary Clinton, so I'm sure that has something to do with it. But I also take it just a sign of the time. I mean, she's been dominant for a very long time, and you know, there comes a time when that ends, or it certainly begins to fall off a little bit, and I sort of think it's a combination of both.","I don't think it's just her support of Obama, because if you think about it, she really has not really been out there supporting him since January. She did her thing and she pretty much stepped away from it. But I think that when you combine that with the fact that she's dominated for 20 years, and Ellen now is sort of the popular person with all the celebrity guests, I just think it's time to pass the mantle on some level.","Oprah can pass the mantle anytime and still be a billionaire."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Taking a hit means by having the popularity be less recognizable. ","questions":"What happened to Oprah's popularity?","answer":"Declining"}
{"text":["So this is the second year that the numbers are up. What kind of numbers are we talking about?","We are reporting four hectares of overwintering colonies. That's 9. 1 acres. That is the area that they occupy, so that is indeed very good news compared to last year where we only had a little bit over one hectare.","You've been out in the field with them. Just describe for our listeners what - if they haven't been able to see them, what these monarch butterflies look like when they come to stay in Mexico.","Once they arrive to Michoacan - which is the name of the state where the forests are and the state of Mexico - they congregate on fir trees.","High up in the mountains - I mean, it's quite a steep climb to get there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) - Describe for our listeners what the monarch butterflies look like, instead of asking the listeners to actually go and see them. ","questions":"How do the monarch butterflies congregate in Michoacan?","answer":"fir"}
{"text":["This is News and Notes. I'm Farai Chideya.","For decades, the Big Three auto companies have been an integral part of the U. S.  economy. Now those companies are struggling to survive and pleading for a federal bailout. General Motors, Ford and Chrysler have until Tuesday to submit a restructuring plan to Congress. For more, we've got Jerome Vaughn. He's the news program director for WDET in Detroit, Michigan. Jerome, great to have you back on the show.","Thanks. Glad to be with you.","So what we've been hearing a lot about is basically just a failure of these negotiations to move forward. Before we get to the nuts and bolts of it, from an economic level, how are people in Detroit dealing with what appears to be a reluctance on the part of the federal government to really enter into a bailout?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Big Three auto companies are facing financial difficulties.","questions":"How are the Big Three auto companies doing?","answer":"Struggling"}
{"text":[". . . Version of this book. When I'm writing - whether it be these hundreds of songs or this, you know, 300-page collection of complete sentences - in order to do it, I have to pretend I'm alone. But when I sat down to record the audiobook, I thought, oh, I can't pretend I'm alone anymore. Now I'm really sharing my most intimate thoughts with whoever - which is insane. Get me out of here.","(Laughter) So you've always had this - this tension around intimacy.","Yeah.","You crave it so much, but it also scares you. I mean, the decision to shave your head - even this is about intimacy in some way, isn't it?Because when I think about a woman who shaves her head, it feels like a very powerful move. It also feels intimate. Like, hey, here I am. This is me. Like. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A's decision to shave her head is about intimacy and power.","questions":"What is PersonA's decision to shave her head about?","answer":"Intimacy"}
{"text":["Kids are natural scientists. They're natural born inquisitors. They like to find out about everything, and we just don't have a way of doing it. Maybe your math book can help do that. Have - do teachers use it at all and think about it?","We do have teachers using it. They say that they warm up the class with a math problem in the morning. We've heard all kinds of stories. There's a bus driver outside Chicago who actually puts the math problem up on a whiteboard on the bus every morning. And he has a bag of Oriental Trading prizes.","Right.","And the first kid on the bus to get it gets to pull something out of the bag. So it's really a movement that's spreading."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Kids like to learn about everything and they are always questioning what they see.","questions":"What is the natural trait of kids according to B?","answer":"Questioning"}
{"text":["All right. My apologies there.","Oh, thank you.","Well, technical glitch. Thanks very much for being with us. And you wrote about your experience as a child actor in an article for the website Cracked. And you wrote you're glad you weren't Olsen twins famous, but you are pretty famous.","Well, thank you. I mean, I think that when I was child, acting was mostly just a hobby for me. It was something that my parents encouraged me to think of the way that my brothers thought of their cross-country classes, or my little sister to dance classes and art classes, and it was something like that for me. You know, the other kids were playing Little League or Pee-Wee hockey or whatever, and I was - well, I was an actor.","That's the way that I saw it. So I never really realized how much of an impact that was having on other kids' lives. And still to this day, I'm not sure how much on an impact I really had.","And you wrote in your piece that this was your choice. You didn't have a stage mom and stage dad. This was something you wanted to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He is glad that he is not so famous that he is recognized everywhere he goes all of the time.","questions":"How does the actor feel about being Olsen twins famous?","answer":"Glad"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Why has the price gone up in recent years?","Prices will rise to whatever the market will bear, right?We see that uniquely in the U. S.  One vial of insulin in the U. S.  costs seven times what it does in Germany. So there's a huge disparity there. Some of the reasons have to do with reformulations of insulin that are, in fact, better than some of the older ones. Although, when I'm talking about that 1 in 7 price comparison, that's the same exact insulin.","In the U. S. , what's happened - and this is something that I know the Trump administration is looking at and many experts in the field have decried - the slow arrival of biosimilars or generic insulins onto the market, which are on the market in other countries. The problem in this country is the lowering of prices of insulin. And insulin patents have been held up in the courts for years now in suits and countersuits between the three big insulin drug makers, including by Eli Lilly, which is the former employer of our new HHS Secretary.","That's Alex Azar - has been appointed Secretary of Health and Human Services."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The slow arrival of biosimilars or generic insulins onto the market in the US, and insulin patents being held up in courts have resulted in high prices of insulin","questions":"What is causing the high prices of insulin in the US?","answer":"biosimilars"}
{"text":["In Iran, state media are reporting the seizure of another tanker in the Persian Gulf. The ship was reportedly taken by Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps, and seven crew members were detained. It would mark the third seizure of a foreign ship by Iran in the past two weeks. NPR's Peter Kenyon is following the story from Istanbul, and he joins us now.","Morning.","Hi, Lulu.","What do we know so far about this latest seizure?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : i can take care my self for sure","questions":"Which word did PersonA use to respond to PersonB's question about the latest seizure in Iran?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Yes, I do think they are well-matched traveling companions. In that both of them bend but nobody really breaks. And so, even though Jack is certainly the student, and she is the mentor, there are times when Jack has the upper hand and he has the better humor. And that, almost off-camera, he can make an aside to the reader. You know, like, she's getting a little bit ditzy right now, so hang on to your hat.","We're - to use one of your phrases, were you a fringy kid?","Yes, I was definitely a fringy kid. I moved a lot as a kid, I went to 10 schools in 12 grades. And so, I was one of those kids that was a permanent wallflower, you know, I'd go I'd hang back and I would observe, and I would sort of be on the fringe. But then I realized that I liked the fringe because the fringe gave me the flexibility to appear or disappear, which I found to be very helpful.","And painful or, at least, vexing as it can be to be a fringy kid. With the advantage of hindsight, is it part of what made you a writer?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A: \"I was definitely a fringy kid... But then I realized that I liked the fringe because the fringe gave me the flexibility to appear or disappear, which I found to be very helpful.\"  The literal meaning of \"fringy\" would suggest that the speaker was wearing a fringe, or was on the edge of something. However, in this context, \"fringy\" is being used figuratively to mean that the speaker felt like an outsider or a misfit. The implied meaning is that the speaker found comfort in being on the outskirts of social circles and having the ability to control her level of participation.","questions":"Which word is used figuratively to describe the feeling of being an outsider in the dialogue?","answer":"Fringy"}
{"text":["(Laughter).",". . . And who he, Mr.  Trump, says are helping to rig the election with biased media coverage in any case?","Yeah. Well, yeah. I guess that - I guess we are definitely - us corrupt journalists are definitely the ones who are in the danger zone here. But the real problem here is - let's presume - and all the polls are pointing in this direction - Hillary Clinton wins. You know, we could be having. . .","But - which we don't presume when we cover the news."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that B is pushing back against the idea that journalists presume Clinton will win and are biased in their coverage.","questions":"What is PersonB's response to the idea that journalists presume Clinton will win and are biased in their coverage?","answer":"Pushing-back"}
{"text":["Well, I mean, he's basically had to divest himself of things so that there was no conflict with him working for the government, having had been at Goldman. In that respect, he's gotten, you know, some of those conflicts out of the way already.","There's going to be a conflict of interests in this program. I mean, the asset manager that they hire, they're going to have to have experience managing the kind of assets that the Treasury wants to buy. And so they probably will own some of these assets or manage assets for other clients, for pension funds, for other investors. And so there are going to be huge conflicts. And the Treasury is struggling right now with how to make sure those conflicts are as minimal as possible.","Is there another potential problem that Neel Kashkari is not going to be in Washington much longer if there's a change in administrations. And that that'll cause some kind of turbulence, and, for that matter, Secretary Paulson might not be in place come January.","You're right. There is going to be a huge reshuffling. I mean, four months is not a long time, and it's not the best time to be changing shifts. But it happens, and the Treasury is already working on a transition team trying to make sure that they keep the Obama and the McCain campaigns abreast of what they're doing. And then, after November, they plan to work pretty hard with whomever they designate as a Treasury Secretary."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Neel Kashkari had to divest himself of things to avoid conflicts.","questions":"Which program will have conflicts of interest?","answer":"This"}
{"text":["Not so well now. We're expecting to have a peace completely after the election, but we still have a few problems here and there as far as human right is concerned. And there is also killings in some parts of the country, in the west, also in east. So, that's not good.","There are a lot of people who've used music to raise awareness about what's going on in different parts of the world. Why do you think people relate to music as a way of understanding and humanizing other people?What is it about music that's so special?","Music is very natural. We are born - our mothers sing for us. The community welcomes you with music, with singing. So, it becomes part of your being, of your nature. At the same time, when you cry, it's also like singing. So, it seems like singing and music is set of human being. So, when we sing, we cry, we shout, we just bring it outside. So, it's very natural.","And your family had a musical tradition, what was its like growing up?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Why do you think people relate to music as a way of understanding and humanizing other people? What is it about music that's so special?\"","questions":"What did PersonA ask about music that PersonB answered?","answer":"Relating"}
{"text":["Yeah.","You look ahead, and what do you see?Just life is going to be a kind of process of trying to figure out how to live on very reduced circumstances.","Yeah. And my grandparents raised me, and they did live through the Depression. And I've kind of gone back more and more to how they coped. I remember my grandmother telling me how they had to eat the kids' pet chickens for dinner.","Cutting back to two meals a day, that's two things, dire circumstances and also an enormous amount of self discipline."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Life is going to be a struggle due to limited resources","questions":"What did PersonB say about self discipline?","answer":"Dire"}
{"text":["So at this Fountain Hills rally he started to talk, and it's weird because he's not really saying anything. There's a lot of strange, empty assertions and kind of conservative talking points, you know, the wall and all this kind of stuff. But there is definitely an energy ripple that goes out.","And when I went out to the protesters at the time that he started speaking, they reported there was a change in the energy of the people walking by them. Suddenly there was hostility and swearing. And a woman was grabbed by the breast and thrown to the ground, and a rock was thrown. And so the correlation between his voice going out and people's behavior was observable in the place.","You ended this piece saying that you never before imagined that what you called the fragile American experiment could fail, but now you can. Why?","Well, because the way that media falls on our mind and then inflects it has changed so much. You know, as a fiction writer, one of things you learn is God lives in specificity. You know, human kindness is increased as we pursue specificity."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that A is implying that the way media is consumed has changed drastically, and this could lead to the failure of the American experiment.","questions":"Which experiment is PersonA referring to?","answer":"American"}
{"text":["And I gather these are specialists, not just regular line firefighters.","Yeah, that's correct. We send - they usually run out of incident management team people, so the teams of planning officers and operation officers and incident managers who actually organize and manage the battle against the fire but also aviation specialists and fire-behavior-type specialists. So they are the type of people that they need and run out of when they've got, you know, the fire activity that they see this summer.","Are the Australian, American and Canadian approaches to firefighting sufficiently similar that you can swap personnel like that?","Well, they certainly are. And we've been swapping personnel particularly with United States since the year 2000. So we've done quite a few deployments from Australia to the U. S.  and Canada. And we've also had Canadian and U. S.  folks come across to Southern Australia and help us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Are the Australian, American and Canadian approaches to firefighting compatible enough that personnel can be exchanged between the three countries?","questions":"How can the approaches to firefighting of Australia, America, and Canada be described in terms of their compatibility for exchanging personnel?","answer":"Compatibility"}
{"text":["He hasn't always fallen right in line with Trump by any means. He hasn't always fallen right in line with Trump by any means. He's been critical of Putin over some gas projects that he's been involved in. He's been critical of Putin over some gas projects that he's been involved in. But generally, he has held the Trump line. But generally, he has held the Trump line. So I think this is going to be interesting to go in. So I think this is going to be interesting to go in. He did have that one key moment in the text chain where he came in and clearly stated this was not quid pro quo but then suggested they get offline. He did have that one key moment in the text chain where he came in and clearly stated this was not quid pro quo but then suggested they get offline. So. . . So. . .","Right. Right.","So we'll see what happens once he jumps in there. So we'll see what happens once he jumps in there.","Are people following this in Portland?Are people following this in Portland?I mean, how are they reacting?I mean, how are they reacting?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Right. Right.\" implies to understand what was said.","questions":"What did PersonB say in response to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Right"}
{"text":["Yes, and I suppose my book, quite apart from being a memoir about my mother and what happened to her and this mystery - it's also a campaign against collective silence because these people who knew - they knew. And they knew, and they never said anything, all the way through, decade after decade. And I went back in the 1980s to Lincolnshire with my mother and my brother to try to find out more about everything that'd gone on. And even then, they wouldn't talk to us. They would talk about absolutely anything else, but. . .","Why not, do you think?Why were they still so protective of these old, old, old secrets?","I think that they were protecting one particular person - my mother's adopted mother, a woman called Veda Elston.","The woman you knew as your grandmother."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase \"it's also a campaign against collective silence\"  has a non-literal meaning, as it does not refer to an actual physical campaign but rather a figurative one, meaning that the author's book aims to raise awareness and encourage people to break their silence on the topic.","questions":"Which phrase in turn 0 has a non-literal meaning?","answer":"Campaign"}
{"text":["That's a really good question. I just want to know that he worked alone, that it was all him. Because there is a lack of official information coming out, that area's just been filled up with conspiracy theories. And, you know, with time, I've come to say, OK. It's just one person who was fully loaded with ammunition. But there's still in the back of my mind - did he really work alone?Did he carry all that stuff up to his room by himself?I feel like there's some more pieces. And they've just really clamped down on it.","What about a week like this when so many people observe the 5th anniversary of the - yeah, of the children who were killed at Sandy Hook?","First time I'm going to cry talking to you. Yesterday was so hard on me, thinking about those beautiful, beautiful children. And I'm a teacher. And thinking about the educators that were killed - it just is such a sad day in our history. And then seeing that it happened at our concert and then seeing what happened in Texas, you know, a couple weeks later - it's just not stopping. And it just affects so many people. And what did we really change?Did we help anyone with mental illness?Did we change anything about gun control or school safety?You know, it's just a really sad brotherhood or sisterhood. But you feel connected because you understand what they went through. And some of them just have such a long road to go.","Yeah. What about your road?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : BELIVE THAT MOST THEM WILL AGREE EVERY SURE","questions":"How did PersonA describe the impact of the Sandy Hook shooting?","answer":"sad"}
{"text":["(Laughing) Someone said, you'd better bring that spear because he's going to need it over the next four years.","You know\u2026","And. . .","Coming from Washington, I think that's absolutely right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : better bring that spear because he's going to need it means the person needs to be more aggressive.","questions":"How would you describe the person's behavior based on the statement in turn 0?","answer":"Aggressive"}
{"text":["And I have to - forgive me - begin by asking, weeks like this bring memories back?","Weeks like this remind me of why a community is so important - that you are responsible for each other as a whole community.","Would you give any advice to counselors who have seen troubled students - students who they think might create trouble - as to what they should do?","Absolutely. You want to talk with parents. You want to make it a part of the conversation. You want to talk with administrators and make sure that the school environment is safe and always possible. You want to make sure that you've created a community among the students where the students - when they see something, they will tell you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A's turn has a figurative meaning, as \"weeks like this\" doesn't necessarily trigger memories, but rather serve as a reminder of the importance of a community.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of \"weeks like this\" in PersonA's turn?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["There was no regulation at the time. I mean, the calves that they experimented on in the '60s came from Cooley's ranch. And when I was researching this, I heard this really bizarre story. And I asked - I had one source that I trusted implicitly. And I called her, and I said, I heard that Dr.  Cooley put a pig's heart in somebody. And she didn't bat an eye, and she said no, no, no, it was a sheep. Those were the days (laughter). You know, today, we have the FDA. We have hospital review boards. We have all kinds of things.","When you say artificial heart, you know, the first name that might come up is Robert Jarvik. I mean, some listeners might recall his name. He created a heart that kept Barney Clark, a dentist from Seattle - kept him alive for 112 days back in 1982. That was a huge story, huge story at the time. And that was a long time ago (laughter). Where are we today?Are people still getting artificial hearts implanted today?","It's interesting. Jarvik kept going. And there is a form of an artificial heart that Jarvik designed that's probably the best. But there is no total replacement. You know, a battery-operated - something that - they can cut you open, put this piece of titanium in, sew you back up, and you're good to go.","So from all your reporting, did you, you know, finish this up thinking, we're going to see an artificial heart in our lifetime?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is no fully functional artificial heart currently available","questions":"What is the best form of artificial heart that Jarvik designed?","answer":"Titanium"}
{"text":["And so if we organize the production and the processing and distribution of organic foods on a large scale, there's efficiencies to be had. This is actually kind of an experiment, a test. You know, how much of the extra costs that you pay when you buy organic food - how much of that is just the fragmented nature of the business?How much of it is the small-scale aspect?And how much of it is inherent in organic production?","Well, there's no question that Walmart is kind of the king of logistics. But if you talk to some of their suppliers, they'll also complain that Walmart is the king of squeezing them and making them produce the product ever more cheaply at their own expense.","Right. So you could say this is a threat to some organic producers who are used to higher margins. On the other hand, I mean, the organic production is expanding, and if Walmart wants large quantities, they may have to outbid other producers. There is a limit right now on the amount of organic food for sale. They say they want to expand that, and there's no reason why they couldn't. There's lots of land out there. Right now, organic is actually a very small part of American food production, people say 5 percent or less. So there's no reason why Walmart couldn't expand organic production if they offered a good price. The question is can they do it cheaply?","Part of this has to do with trust. Are people going to stop going to Whole Foods and go over to Walmart 'cause they can get the eggs $2 cheaper?I'm a little skeptical."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies that people may not trust Walmart to provide the same quality of organic food as Whole Foods.","questions":"How skeptical is PersonB about people switching from Whole Foods to Walmart for organic food?","answer":"Skeptical"}
{"text":["People are still talking about that controversial New York Post cartoon, which they said sought to spoof the economic stimulus bill. Some people saw it as racist. And we also want to hear from people about what they want to hear from us in these final weeks of our show being on the air, and they can send their ideas for segments, story ideas and interviews to our blog or through our Facebook page, News & Notes.","Can I throw you a curve?","Sure.","All right. I don't want to scare you. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The person is asking the other person if they can say someting that might make them think differently about something.","questions":"How did the person ask if they can present a potentially thought-provoking statement?","answer":"Can"}
{"text":["Revkin told me about a man named Khaled. He worked at a slaughterhouse that ISIS took control of, leaving him with a choice - stay at the job and work for ISIS or leave and face retaliation.","Khaled, like many residents of Mosul, decided that cooperation was the only way to survive. So he continued working in the slaughterhouse. He claimed that he was never trained. He never received combat training or used a weapon or participated in any military operations on behalf of the group. But nonetheless, three years later, when Iraqi security forces, supported by the international coalition, recaptured Mosul, he was 1 of more than 90,000 people who have been detained on suspicion of association with the group. And he was arrested solely on the basis of testimony from a secret informant who had apparently witnessed him pledging allegiance, even though Khaled insisted that this pledge was involuntary and coerced.","So, you know, during the trial, I saw him explain that his work consisted only of feeding and caring for animals at the slaughterhouse. But nonetheless, he was sentenced to 15 years in prison after a trial that lasted less than 30 minutes. And the judges actually told him that he was lucky to receive such a lenient sentence because the crime for which he was convicted, which was membership in a terrorist group, generally brings capital punishment.","A lot of post-ISIS life is figuring out who was or who was not involved in ISIS and bringing the appropriate perpetrators to justice. This is done mostly through courts?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Khaled faced a difficult decision to stay and work for ISIS or leave and risk facing repercussions from them.","questions":"What was the difficult choice Khaled had to make?","answer":"Choice"}
{"text":["I do not believe in curses, but I do believe jerks can earn comeuppance. That night, Cubs fans behaved shamefully and cursed at the club they love into a panic and out of the World Series. Over the years, Steven Bartman has declined comment and turned down all offers to cash in on his notoriety with commercials, books, interviews or appearances. The Chicago Cubs finally won the World Series last year for the first time in 108 years. This week, the club gave Steven Baartman a World Series ring, just like the one they gave their players, with 108 diamonds. A ring like that is not just some public radio tote bag.","Although I do not consider myself worthy of such an honor, Steve Bartman said in a statement, I am deeply moved and sincerely grateful. I humbly receive the ring not only as a symbol of one of the most historic achievements in sports, but as an important reminder for how we should treat each other in today's society. This week, a once-luckless club and a once-defamed fan gave us as much as great athletes do - glimpses of grace.","(Singing) And I run for home. And we win the game. And it's what you'd call a dream. And the sun shines like diamonds.","Brett Rigby. And you're listening to NPR News."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"This week, a once-luckless club and a once-defamed fan gave us as much as great athletes do - glimpses of grace.\"","questions":"What was the club's achievement?","answer":"rings"}
{"text":["Oh, wow, it's like turning off a switch. And suddenly I was running down these trails in the dark and I didn't know where I was and I didn't know where I was going and it was getting colder. And all I could see was the distant glow of Vegas. And I was thinking, wow, I really like that city right now. I wish I were there and I didn't know how to get there.","Yeah, you obviously were able to find your way to asphalt and you were able to get back to civilization. Very nice - of course, I'm a sucker for daughter daddy stuff in the book - but you really do say that marathon running - or the training even - reminds you of the preciousness of every moment, moment after moment.","Yeah, it does. It puts you in the minute and being out there every day - bad weather, good weather, light, dark - I started this morning about nine miles ago in the dark and it was cold. And you just find yourself saying, you know, there are things in life that are important and that are worthwhile that require a little bit of sacrifice and a little bit of struggle and a little bit of suffering. It doesn't mean you shouldn't do them. And running reminds you of that all the time.","Tom Foreman - \"My Year Of Running Dangerously\" - thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is expressing appreciation for the theme of father-daughter relationships in the book and acknowledging that it has personal resonance for them.","questions":"Which book is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"My-Year-Of-Running-Dangerously"}
{"text":["Quite a bit. They know nothing is going to happen unless Washington can help some way. That's why they want to hear the president come here and talk about people like them. And I guess I want to make it clear that nobody really wants a handout here. That's not what this is about. Nobody wants the president to come in and somehow bail out Elkhart. What we want is a chance to get back to work.","So, what is the big industry there?I've read that RVs are a big industry.","This place is commonly referred to as the RV capital of the world and, they build RVs; they build trailers; they build auto parts here. Basically, this is a place that makes stuff, and we can make virtually anything. And if this economy does shift to a green economy, if we start developing green energy sources, we can make the parts necessary to make that happen.","So, if you have a 60,000 population there and 16,000 people are out of work, that's nearly a third.","Mm-hmm. The county is bigger than 60,000, of course, and the county is. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Nobody wants to be helped when they can help themselves.","questions":"What is the main focus of the dialogue in turn 0?","answer":"Help"}
{"text":["OK.  You have been witness to debate preparation sessions, however. So, when does the work really start for these events?","Well, I tell you, it's something that's ongoing from the very start of the general election. Because the best way to debate effectively is to know what your opponent is going to say. So, everyone in each campaign has been paying attention to the interviews the other opponent has been giving, the speeches that they have been making. And about a month ago, they started compiling a briefing book. This is about four inches thick, it has tabs covering every issue, everything that the campaign has put out about it, everything your opponent has said about it, and it's a way to get you briefed on all the issues. As you know, tonight, 90 minutes, everything is on the table.","Yeah. So, what are the key points a debate prep team likes to address right away?I was wondering if there is like a set list, or does it really depend on the candidate and the race?","Well, hands down, no matter the juxtaposition of your candidate or the charisma they may or may not have, it always comes down to two things, and that's the verbal and the non-verbal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Debate preparation is a continuous process throughout the election campaign.","questions":"How long does debate preparation last?","answer":"Ongoing"}
{"text":["When you say that this law is intended to create a firewall around the state, do you think that this is where things are headed - where certain states will allow access to abortions and other states simply won't?","That's certainly my fear, and that was why this was so important to get passed before we adjourned. And, you know, ultimately, I've been working on this issue my entire adult life.","And I used to say, if Roe falls. And for the last year, I've been saying, when Roe falls. And it, frankly, still feels like a gut-punch every time I say it. But I think that there has been this very strategic and determined process by the other side to get cases into the pipeline that will ultimately lead to Roe falling.","Do you think that Democrats and people who support abortion rights have been outmaneuvered?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is not a firewall but a law that protects the state from others.","questions":"What is the purpose of the law mentioned in Turn 0?","answer":"Law"}
{"text":["I don't know what you would do to keep them from doing it. If they can get in and steal stuff like this, how can they - how could you block the Internet down?I mean, I don't know.","Ronnie Hipshire is a retired coal miner from West Virginia.","Ronnie, thank you for talking with us about this.","Thank you. You have a blessed day."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Thank you.\" - While the words \"thank you\" are often used to express gratitude, in this context it could also be interpreted as a polite way to end the conversation.","questions":"How could \"thank you\" be interpreted in this context?","answer":"Polite"}
{"text":["For them, remembering digits is much easier than remembering the Roman alphabet. Even though they learn the letters, they're often still more comfortable with numbers. And they remember them a lot more clearly.","So when they read the numbers out loud, do they have some meaning in Mandarin?","Yeah, I mean, a lot of the URLs, the strings of digits, do have some meaning. For example, there are tons of URLs that are homophones for other Chinese phrases. So you gave the example of the McDonald's URL - 4008-517-517 - that's because when you say 517 in Mandarin it's (Mandarin spoken) and that sounds somewhat (Mandarin spoken), which means I want to eat.","They sort of have infinite flexibility to spell out phrases and create these little sentences. So the example you gave of the dating website, which is 5201314. com, that string of digits means, (Mandarin spoken), which means I will love you forever. So that's something that people will use a lot when chatting online with their friends or they'll shorten it to 520, which just means I love you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \u201cI want to eat\u201d in Mandarin. Similarly, the phrase \u201c5201314\u201d in turn 4 literally means \u201cfive two, zero one three one four\u201d but it implies \u201cI will love you forever\u201d in Mandarin.","questions":"What does the string of digits \"5201314\" imply in Mandarin?","answer":"Imply"}
{"text":["Well, people were definitely shocked by the results, but I think a lot of people here feel like this is an exciting change, and there's a strong feeling in Israel that this is going to bring the focus back to domestic concerns, everyday concerns. A lot of people here are kind of frustrated with the big existential foreign policy questions, and that's where Yair Lapid of his new Yesh Atid, or There's a Future, Party got a lot of his support.","And he is a former television broadcaster.","He is. He was quite a celebrity here, celebrity journalist, wrote a column and then was on TV and has really a lot of name recognition, and he's got a lot of kind of personal charm. People call him the ultimate Israeli. He's part of a secular Tel Aviv bourgeoisie and very attractive and sort of speaks well, and he managed to really capitalize on the kind of middle-class centrist concerns, some of which fueled the social protest from 2001 - 2011, excuse me, that brought something like 500,000 people to the streets of Tel Aviv.","And a centrist, as you say. What does that mean in terms of Israeli politics?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : personal charm means that there is a lot to like about someone","questions":"Which quality of Yair Lapid helped him to capitalize on middle-class centrist concerns?","answer":"Charm"}
{"text":["So the motive question remains fuzzy at this point. We might learn more about that later. In terms of what weapons he used, it was a . 45 caliber handgun. And he had with him several extended ammunition magazines and this device called a sound suppressor. And, you know, he entered the building using his city-issued ID, just using his swipe badge. And officials said, you know, he had done that very act, you know, every single workday for the previous 15 years. He was a longtime employee of the city.","And what will be going on this weekend, Bobby?","So there's going to be a number of memorials families of the victims will be planning here in Virginia Beach. And, you know, I have to say that city officials are talking about really bolstering services for the families who are grieving, who are going to be dealing with the turmoil that is now part of their life for quite some time. And, you know, the city manager told reporters earlier that in just, you know, less than 24 hours since the shooting happened, people have been pouring support into the families in terms of money, in terms of food, in terms of even bringing support dogs that might take their mind off the tragedy for a little bit. So already, he was saying, that the community is rising up in the wake of this terrible tragedy.","NPR's Bobby Allyn in Virginia Beach, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is unclear exactly what the motive for the actions was.","questions":"Which question remains unclear?","answer":"motive"}
{"text":["You know, we don't do a lot of cookbooks on this show. Hugh Acheson's latest cookbook fits right in. It doesn't show much cooking. The chef is shown reading in a lawn chair, taking a hot bath, even playing the cello - at least holding the bow over one.","It's a book about what you can cook - if that's quite the word - while you do something else, even for hours. \"The Chef And The Slow Cooker\" is by Hugh Acheson, the acclaimed Canadian Southern chef who owns big-name restaurants in Georgia and is a judge on \"Top Chef. \"He joins us from WABE in Atlanta.","Chef, thanks so much for being with us.","It's great to be here, Scott."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn in (3) has an implied meaning of appreciation rather than a literal meaning of thanks.","questions":"How is the turn in (3) interpreted?","answer":"Appreciation"}
{"text":["Always a pleasure, Neal.","And how big is this change?","It is big. The previous record was in 2007, where a very large percentage of this ice melted away. This year, it's already bigger than 2007 by an area the size of Texas. This is - this really shattered that record which in itself was a pretty dramatic departure from the average.","And, well, if things melt, it's because things are warmer, right?","That is exactly right. And what happens also is the Arctic ice has been getting thinner over the years. And so it used to be that you can have some warm summers up there, and you wouldn't melt it all away because you'd have 10 feet or 20 feet thick of ice. And you'd melt some of it, but you wouldn't melt it all the way through. But because of this warming trend up there, it is where the planet is warming faster than anywhere else. The Arctic, what we've seen is the ice getting thinner up there. And so a fairly small pretubance will actually melt a lot of the ice because it's thin to begin with. You don't have to melt 20 feet of ice. You might melt three feet of ice."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The ice is thinning, making it easier to melt, so a small increase in temperature can cause significant melting.","questions":"What is the reason behind the significant ice melting caused by small temperature increase?","answer":"Thinning"}
{"text":["What happened was there was this terrible murder in a house on Runyon Street. It was called the Runyon Street murders. Four people were killed. And the police set their sights on a 14-year-old named Davontae Sanford. He was young. He was alone. He was developmentally disabled.","And they got him to admit to what he said was, quote, \"something\" with his understanding that he would be let go. He ended up signing a confession to the murders. He was indicted. His attorney, who was guilty of all sorts of misconduct, ended up, in the middle of trial, having Davontae plead guilty to the four murders and get an extremely long sentence.","Eighteen days after he pled guilty - or maybe 16 days - the actual killer, a guy named Vincent Smothers, confessed to the Detroit Police that he had carried out these four murders and eight other murders at the behest of a hitman. So the Detroit Police, even though they had this evidence, didn't free Davontae Sanford. And at some point, the evidence leaked out. I think that was in 2009. And at that point, he started fighting to be released and was opposed at every turn by Prosecutor Worthy.","We contacted Prosecutor Worthy, who didn't come in for another interview. But she - there is this statement. And let me read it."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Davontae Sanford was coerced into confessing to a crime he did not commit and his lawyer was guilty of misconduct.","questions":"Which lawyer was guilty?","answer":"Attorney"}
{"text":["So why did some members of Congress choose to vote for the bailout bill and some against it. We've got two prominent members of Congress who made up their own minds and made different choices. A little bit later, we're going to talk to Representative Sheila Jackson Lee of Texas who voted against. But first we have Representative Maxine Waters of California, who voted for. How are you?","Hello. How are you doing today?","I'm doing great. So you voted for this bailout bill, why?","This is a rescue effort that has caught everybody by surprise. The fact of the matter is not only do we have to be concerned about our financial institutions and the market, we've got to be concerned about trying to do something to stem the tide of foreclosures and keep people in their homes. And part of this bill had in it a modification plan. We're going to acquire, that is buy up all of these toxic paper, or bad paper from these financial institutions. We then have an opportunity to do the kind of modification that we've been urging all along.","In addition to that, we have small businesses that are at risk. These small businesses that depend on banks for loans to make the payroll will literally go out of business. And we have the smaller minority bank, many of them who had their money invested in Fannie and Freddie when it was taken over, and they've lost all of their investment in that preferred stock. So we're trying to stem the tide of this devastation, to get the market stabilized and to protect the average citizens."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The bailout bill is necessary to help homeowners avoid foreclosure and help small businesses stay afloat.","questions":"How did the bailout bill aim to help minorities?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["I was broke, and I like my wine, and then I saw this woman buying wine, and I was like, no way. And she even had fancy shoes on. I looked at her. She's like, it's really good. And so, I was like, so that's when I bought a Sauvignon Blanc. And I was like, I got wine for the summer, thank God. And that was when I started thinking, maybe there's food here too.","Turns out there was lots of food. Most of it brands she hadn't heard of before or in boxes that were slightly misshapen or discolored, but what was inside tasted just fine, she says. And with a bit of creativity, Christiane realized 99-cent ingredients could turn into truly delicious dishes.","I'm really hoping that people are going to use this as an opportunity. I think the economy is going so downhill, and I think there's a way to just kind of keep a smile on your face and find cheap ways to still have fun. I hate it when people say, oh, I don't have money, so I can't do anything.","How much culinary expertise do you need?Is it good to have some basic cooking backgrounds before you take on the 99-cent cuisine?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : I was broke implies being financially bankrupt and not implying having broken bones ","questions":"What did the woman think of the brands of food she found at the store?","answer":"fine"}
{"text":["I don't know what a - difference between an executive order and a proclamation is.","Well, proclamations seem to be more rare. They do kind of echo of something royal, but it has basically the same effect as an executive order.","And how would this change what somebody who wants to apply for asylum must do?","Well, it's trying to bar asylum for people who enter the U. S.  in between ports of entry."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Bar asylum for people who enter between ports of entry","questions":"Which type of people are being targeted in turn 3?","answer":"Asylum"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. Staycation. It's one of those newfangled words that's caught on fast. A vacation is when you vacate. You take off, you stay in a hotel, or camp out, or see the sights. A staycation is - well, you got it. With soaring gas prices and plane tickets, this was supposed to be the summer of staying at home. But was that prediction off the mark?If you're thinking about traveling soon or for the winter holidays, what should you keep in mind?With us to talk about both of those issues we've got Madeline Nunn, senior travel agent with the Richmond, Virginia, branch of the American Automobile Association, or Triple-A. Hi, Madeline.","How are you?","I'm great. So, back in May, a Rand McNally survey found that two-thirds of Americans planning road trips this summer said they would shorten their trips or cancel them all together. Summer is wrapping up, so what actually panned out?","Well, actually, the staycation thing is sort of a myth, so to speak, because Americans are traveling. They're traveling because they are hard-working and they need the rest and the revitalization. They need this vacation. So, what we're finding is that they're not staying home, per se. Some are just staying a little closer to home. And sometimes they're limiting the length of time that they may take for this vacation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Americans are still traveling but may be taking shorter vacations closer to home","questions":"Which group of Americans may be limiting the length of their vacations?","answer":"Americans"}
{"text":["Oh, she did, and in such an interesting time. In the '70s, even before Betty Ford had famously stepped forward and talked about her struggles, Joan was convening people who were early thinkers in how to treat people differently. You know, AA had been around, of course, for decades. But there was a movement in the '70s to get people to look at the whole person with alcoholism. And Joan was really passionate about getting the word out.","Yeah. With Ray's death, Joan Kroc became one of the principal philanthropists in America. And she really took that responsibility seriously, didn't she?","She lived large, and she gave large. She felt this almost-burden with the money that she had. And saying she hit the lotto isn't really fair. But - she had this money at her disposal, and she felt obligated to use it in a constructive way. But that's not to say she was ascetic or like a monk. She lived very, very lavishly as well.","Yeah, she'd drip with jewels. She went to nice places. She. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : After Ray's death, Joan Kroc became one of the main donors in America and she took her responsibility seriously.","questions":"How did Joan Kroc respond to the responsibility of being a principal philanthropist in America after Ray's death?","answer":"Seriously"}
{"text":["What's the diet?","Yeah. I mean, are you juicing five minutes an hour or. . .","No, there isn't any particular diet, particular training. I know I made a training video, but it was just a spoof of the Rocky Montage training. So rather than knocking out an opponent, my job was to knock out the kettle.","Oh, my word. Well, you know, I'd vowed to stay away from this, but I have to ask. So you've seen \"Guys and Dolls\"?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Are you juicing five minutes an hour means are you juicing (eating fruits or vegetables in liquid form) for five minutes every hour? ","questions":"Which activity was \"A\" trying to spoof in the training video?","answer":"Rocky"}
{"text":["If you dig into this latest employment report, the unemployment rate for those with a college degree is roughly half of the national average. But a new report by the nonprofit Center for College Affordability and Productivity says that roughly half of those college graduates who have jobs are now working jobs that don't require a college degree. People with Ph. D. s. are driving taxis and waiting on tables. They are earning much less than expected, and certainly bargained for when they began to rack up college debts. Dr.  Richard Vedder co-authored the study. He's also a distinguished professor of economics at Ohio University and joins us from member station WOUB in Athens, Ohio. Dr.  Vedder, thanks so much for being with us.","Glad to be with you, Scott.","Help us understand what this means.","Well, it means there's a lot of people that are going to college, I suspect most of them with expectations that upon graduation they will make a pretty good living and live sort of an upper middle-class American life. But instead, a lot of them are getting jobs upon graduation working as bartenders, taxi drivers - a million of them are retail sales clerks, 115,000 of them are janitors. They're getting jobs that I'm fairly certain are less than what they're expected when they began the college experience."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone or choice of words may suggest that they have reservations or doubts about a particular topic or decision.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue suggests that the speaker has doubts about the financial benefits of getting a college degree?","answer":"Expected"}
{"text":["The administration position, as I alluded to, is that the number of migrant children apprehended crossing the border without a parent or guardian is at all-time record highs, that this is an emergency situation and that they're having to process so many children that they are out of money for everything which is not - and I'll quote - \"directly necessary for the protection of life and safety. \"What is your response?","Well, I'd argue that legal counsel is often an issue of life and safety for these children. They have fled horrific, violent conditions in their home countries. And an order of deportation without the opportunity of due process could mean a threat to their life and safety. When we're talking about the numbers of children coming in here, while the numbers may be higher, they're not that substantially higher than they were in 2014. And we were able to continue and actually expand services.","In your view, is this move legal?I mean, is the U. S.  obligated by law to provide these services for unaccompanied minors in federal shelters here?","Absolutely. The Trafficking Victims Protection Act mandates that children be provided with Know-Your-Rights presentations and legal screenings when they are in the custody of ORR."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The number of migrant children crossing the border is a crisis, and they are out of funds for non-essential expenses.","questions":"How does PersonA argue that legal counsel is often an issue of what for these children?","answer":"life"}
{"text":["They also break up the states into more subregions than the current exit polls do. They think that this is going to help them be more accurate. And Fox and AP are pretty confident that their results are better than the traditional exit polls in some ways. They actually did shadow polls with the new system in three big specials this year - special elections in the 6th Congressional District in Georgia, the New Jersey governor's race and the Alabama Senate race. And guess what - they got the winner right in all three.","That sounds promising. But are there pitfalls to this way of doing things?I mean, are people asking questions about whether or not they are going to be able to keep their winning streak?","Yes (laughter). And there's a big degree of risk when you're not actually speaking to voters. They're not actually speaking to people who have gone and voted. There's always a number of people who say they're going to vote who don't. And this is an experiment. AP and Fox - even though they're putting this - they're operationalizing this, they acknowledge that there are some demographic shortcomings. They found this in their tests in their poll. They underestimated in Alabama, for example, the number of black voters who would show up. But like scientists, they acknowledge those shortcomings. And they're going to be tinkering with their models along the way. So we may have something good eventually, but it's a whole new Wild West era here.","What has been the reaction to this from the pollsters at this conference that you're at?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The new system was tried against the old and was found to be correct.","questions":"Which system was found to be correct?","answer":"system"}
{"text":["Sure. Well, before she becomes a pirate, she tries shoplifting. And when Gwen is shoplifting, she imagines herself as named Octavia. She imagines herself to much more glamorous persons, so there's a little bit in this book that's here.","(Reading) She remembered what it was called - shoplifting - and pictured lifting the whole place, the aisles tilting and tumbling their baubles and trinkety treasures into her pockets. Pink razors for her burnt leg and then a keychain she thought Naomi would like. And when she realized she could steal for other people, it was an avalanche, a chew bone for Toby the II, more stuff for Naomi, a stuffed bear and a tiny license plate that said Naomi. Three flasks of perfume, curvy and shapey like internal organs in her pockets, and she was done with Mother's Day for ages.","Her father liked the electronic things, which were behind locked cabinets. But she grabbed a slick stereo magazine and managed to slip into one of her boots. It would be a way to warm him for taking the bus by herself. By now she was thirsty and rounded a corner to open a fridge and grab an iced tea in a bottle that felt so good in her hands. It was One Universe Green Tea, which the label said was good for the immune system and for Octavia's skin. No one had stopped her. No one had spoken to her. It was smooth sailing. All for one and one for all.","So is there a straight line from that to piracy or just adolescence?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"the aisles tilting and tumbling their baubles and trinkety treasures into her pockets\" - actual meaning: the author uses figurative language to describe her stealing items from the aisles, not that the aisles actually tilt and tumble into her pockets.","questions":"How does the author describe the items being stolen?","answer":"Items"}
{"text":["The way I coped with these disasters was seeing myself as the hero of my own story and thinking oh, okay, in the story, the guy survives. He doesn't kill himself. He doesn't commit himself to a mental hospital. He actually survives and thrives and overcomes these obstacles.","And in addition to that, you've also had kidney problems, and you talk really frankly about just how much strength it took you to do really basic things because you were constantly dealing with your body rebelling against you.","Yeah, I'm going through that right now. I'm on the top of the list for a transplant now, and I don't really want a transplant right now because I'm doing all right. So at this point, I'm kind of bring it on. I'm just, you know, I can take it.","What about the good stuff?There are many good things in your life, and two of them are Eva and Chet(ph), your kids. What are they like?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"seeing myself as the hero of my own story\" is a metaphorical expression meaning to view oneself as the protagonist in one's own life story and to take control of the situation.","questions":"How does the speaker describe their coping mechanism for disasters?","answer":"Hero"}
{"text":["Well, there might be something of a disconnect between the president and others in his administration. Others in his administration want to resolve what has been an escalating and ongoing trade dispute with China. What's being discussed here are $200 billion in tariffs on Chinese products. It isn't official yet, but according to many reports, it is coming. The question is whether these tariffs are a means to an end, the idea that you would be tightening the screws on China to get them to change their behavior and that then these tariffs would be dropped, or whether it's an end in itself.","And to hear the president - last week he tweeted something that would make it seem as though he thinks that tariffs may be good on their own. He says that the U. S.  is under no pressure to make a deal with China. China is under pressure to make a deal with us. Quote, \"Our markets are surging. Theirs are collapsing. We will soon be taking in billions in tariffs and making products at home. If we meet, we meet. \"","That's NPR White House correspondent Tamara Keith. Thank you so much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Screws are not tightened but pressure is being applied to China regarding tariffs.","questions":"What is the end goal of the $200 billion in tariffs on Chinese products?","answer":"Change"}
{"text":["Well, the Hardings sued when they came to light. And the family wanted to put them away for 50 years so that anybody involved in them would be long gone. So they put them in the Library of Congress and four microfilms in the Ohio Historical Society. The archivist though, who made the microfilms, sent several microfilms out to various people for protective custody. And that's one of the ones that I got a hold of in 2004. But they've been under seal and under a court-order - under seal until actually next week is when they finally come out.","Let me get to the spy-story stuff. Was Carrie Fulton Phillips trying to influence President Harding toward Germany?","Yeah. Well, he was then Senator Harding with the obligation to vote for war or not. And she thought we should stay out. She was extremely pro-German. She was hanging out with a very pro-German crowd, some of whom were spies for sure in New York City. And she had lived in Berlin for three years in the lead-up to the war. So she definitely was trying to convince him not to vote for war. And he eventually writes to her that though it's going to be a really tough thing for their relationship, he's going to vote for war. But that's not long before we actually get involved in the war.","But what about the whole idea that somehow she was some kind of conduit for information to Berlin?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Was Carrie Fulton Phillips trying to influence President Harding towards Germany? This implies that she was attempting to sway his opinion on whether the US should enter the war, not just provide information to Berlin. ","questions":"How was Carrie Fulton Phillips attempting to influence President Harding?","answer":"Opinion"}
{"text":["The Negro National League's last innings came in 1940s, after Jackie Robinson headed for the big leagues. Kadir Nelson's new book, \"We Are the Ship\" captures black-American baseball at the top of its game. Kadir is an award-winning children's book illustrator. He's collaborated with Will Smith, Spike Lee and Debbie Allen. For \"We Are the Ship,\" he did all of the writing and all of the artwork, and his rich, detailed paintings show Negro-league superstars as if they're posing for the camera or deep in a game of hard ball.","Kadir Nelson joins me now. How are you?","I'm great. Thanks for having me.","So you have done playful children's books. You've illustrated books for young people about historic figures. Tell me about Buck O'Neil."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Tell me about Buck O'Neil\" - this turn is a request for information about Buck O'Neil rather than literally asking the speaker to narrate or explain something to the listener.","questions":"How is turn 3 a request for information?","answer":"Request"}
{"text":["Well, you know, I'm a Republican, but I'm also Catholic. So for me, the religious side, if we went there, I would be very much be against the death penalty, very much pro-life. And I see the pro-life and the death penalty - you kind of have to be consistent, in my mind.","You talk about your Catholic faith and how you look at this question through that lens. Of course, there are people who think that religion ought to be set aside. But I think in reality, many people do look at it at political questions through the lens of their own values. But white evangelicals make up a big part of the Republican Party. There are a lot of white evangelicals there in Kentucky as well. Of course, many white evangelicals oppose abortion, so I'm curious how you make that case to them.","Well, and that's why I'm, quite frankly, focusing on the economics. - But when you start talking about the numbers, the numbers are numbers. And it's pretty clear in a state like ours where we have desperate needs to use the money in other places - to shore up our pensions, you know, to help with our school system - this is simply an area where I think if you look at it logically, we're not getting any benefit from a criminal law standpoint, so let's spend our money somewhere else.","So the fiscal argument might make the case where the moral argument is more complex.","That's right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : quite frankly means quite honestly, or the person is telling the truth but some people might not like it","questions":"How does \"quite frankly\" reflect the PersonA's honesty in turn 3?","answer":"Honesty"}
{"text":["Linda Greenhouse is co-author of \"Before Roe v.  Wade: Voices that Shaped the Abortion Debate Before the Supreme Court's Ruling. \"She joins us by phone from her office in New Haven, where she now teaches at Yale Law School. Good to have you back on the program.","Oh, thanks very much.","And one of the documents you reprinted is the story of Dr.  Jane Hodgson. What's her part in Roe v.  Wade?","Well, she didn't have a direct part in Roe against Wade. Jane Hodgson was a very courageous obstetrician-gynecologist in St.  Paul, Minnesota in the early 1970s. Before Roe she was a Mayo Clinic-trained doctor. And she decided to test, to challenge the Minnesota criminal abortion law. She had a patient who had contracted German measles very early in her pregnancy. And people my age might remember, before there were immunizations, that there were epidemics of German measles that swept through the country, and when it hit somebody early in pregnancy, it had a very high probability of causing serious birth defects."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : German measles affected the people, it did not 'hit' them in a literal sense","questions":"What did German measles do to people, according to the statement mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Affected"}
{"text":["Sure.","We are always so grateful when you come on this show. I got to tell you - we got a lot of noes from Republicans who didn't want to come on this show and talk about gun policy, except, you know, maybe they'll go on Fox News. If the Republicans are proud of their record on guns, why not be interviewed about it?","Well, I can't speak for all of my colleagues on this. I mean, we obviously have a very serious violence problem in the country and particularly a firearm violence issue. And that - you know, we must address it. That said, we also have to respect the rights of people who own. . .","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implies that Republicans are avoiding talking about gun policy and are only willing to talk about it on Fox News, suggesting that they are being disingenuous in their approach.","questions":"What issue does PersonA say must be addressed in the country?","answer":"violence"}
{"text":["Well, that's a big part of the checkout of the - what we're doing for the first month or so is just going through and sort of systematically checking out each part of the rover, all of the science instruments, the basic mobility, capability, the arm, the different pieces just to make sure everything is okay after the voyage to Mars.","And then we'll start doing the science mission and really, in earnest, you know, start exploring the area around Bradbury's Landing. It's - in the case of ChemCam, we also get the benefit with the laser that we were actually able to do some early science measurements, as well. And so, as part of the checkout, we got science data in addition.","Do you have a rock in mind that you want to zap in earnest?","We did, yeah. Well, we actually zapped pretty much the area right around where the rover landed. And it's actually interesting to the scientists because the plume of the rocket engines actually, sort of, scoured out an area on both sides of the rover, which normally Mars is covered, all the surface area is covered, with a lot of dust."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies that some science data were also gotten as a result of the inspection of equipment.","questions":"Which benefit did they get in addition to inspecting the equipment?","answer":"Data"}
{"text":["I'm not so sure that it was missed, per se. I think it's been there at the forefront of the news for a really long time. I just don't think that we saw the potential that it would impact the election in the way that it did, insofar as it's tied up in these other economic and social struggles that are occurring within the same communities.","And to be clear again, you're not saying that people that have a problem with opioids or drug or alcohol voted for Donald Trump so much as people who live in those communities that have been affected by it statistically in your study voted for Donald Trump.","Well, that's right. And I can't say necessarily who voted for Donald Trump, but we have to remember that addiction and depression and these diseases and deaths of despair go far beyond the individuals themselves who are affected by them. They affect friends and family members and coworkers and first responders and service providers and employers in communities who are dealing with the struggles of these and experience the same sort of frustration and anxiety that are associated or wrapped up within diseases and deaths of despair.","You conclude your study by - I believe the quote is community level well-being played an important role in this election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : sking for clarification on the idea that people with opioid or drug problems voted for Donald Trump, which is not the same as the actual meaning of the statement which is that people living in communities affected by diseases and deaths of despair voted for Donald Trump.","questions":"How did people who were affected by diseases and deaths of despair vote in the election?","answer":"Voted"}
{"text":["Absolutely. So what the defense may try to do is say, what we're dealing with here is a criminal, a dishonest individual from start to finish. He is being sponsored - his testimony is being sponsored by the government. But you can't trust him. After all, look at all the things he's done. He's stolen, in fact, not only from others but from his own business associate, Mr.  Manafort.","And he gets some kind of consideration for testifying - immunity, right?","Well, what he gets is. . .","Maybe not absolute immunity, but OK, go ahead."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The witness is unreliable because he's a criminal and has stolen. The government is giving him some kind of benefit in exchange for his testimony.","questions":"Which benefit is the witness receiving for his testimony?","answer":"Benefit"}
{"text":["Yeah. I think people are starting to back away from that a little bit because there are enough little pockets where you could get some ice accumulating every summer and not melting out because, basically, you have the wind that pushes that together and piles it up. So you have always have a few places where it's piled up. But on the other hand, that will be a fairly small part of the Arctic, quite a small bit. So it's not - so for practical purposes, the ocean will look ice-free, and the North Pole may be sort of in a large area of no ice at all. Occasionally, right now, there are cracks and there are openings that drift around. And so, sometimes, the North Pole itself is in an ice-free area.","Open water, yeah.","But it could be possible to be in a large area of open water in the coming decades. That's the expectation.","The other enormous area of a white, reflective surface is the ice cap that covers the island of Greenland, the biggest island in the world. And that this summer also had a really powerful melt."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The ice cap on Greenland is melting rapidly","questions":"What is the biggest island in the world?","answer":"Greenland"}
{"text":["Their main achievement was that they submitted documents to the United Nations, formally joining the Paris climate agreement. And on the occasion President Obama said that some day we may see this as the moment that we finally decided to save our planet. President Xi Jinping, meanwhile, called on other countries to follow their example. Now, a lot more countries still have to formally join this agreement for it to take effect. But the U. S.  and China submitted their documents ahead of schedule, and this just means that the commitments that these countries made in Paris can be put into action that much sooner.","This is the first time China has hosted this summit. Does it have a goal in mind as to why it's doing it?","Well, first of all, you know, by hosting this for the first time, to many Chinese it really marks the first time that they've had an equal seat at the rulemaking table since World War II. They feel that they're now the world's second-largest economy, and they want a say that's commensurate with that status. So far, a lot of the rules have been made by the Group of Seven or Group of Eight industrialized nations. China has not been a part of that, and they want a more equitable system represented by the G-20 that does a better job of taking into account the needs of developing nations like itself.","Do we know what's on the agenda?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"... it really marks the first time that they've had an equal seat at the rulemaking table since World War II.\" This turn has a figurative meaning, as it suggests that China sees itself as an equal player in global decision-making and wants to have a greater say in international affairs, rather than literally referring to a physical table.","questions":"What does turn 2 suggest about China's position in global decision-making?","answer":"Position"}
{"text":[". . . Say, the state agriculture commissioner. It just doesn't make sense.","Well, forgive my naivety. But don't all parties weigh in on ballot design?Or are those days - am I living in the age of Pollyanna aspirations?","Well, they have - they do have the ability to at least protest. They have the ability to see it at the time. The ballot is sent out ahead of time to say, hey, here's what the ballot looks like. And the Senate campaign of Bill Nelson did not complain.","President Trump has said there's evidence of election fraud. Is there evidence?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Not all parties weigh in on ballot design","questions":"What is the issue with ballot design that PersonA and PersonB are discussing?","answer":"ballot"}
{"text":["Right.","It was, it's poignant because of Lisa \"Left Eye\" Lopez having passed away.","Definitely. And SWV and En Vogue, it was just yeah, that I thought, that was really good. I mean, where else could you see that but the BET Awards?","Yeah, it was, I mean I thought the staging was pretty amazing.","Definitely. Definitely."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : 2: Lisa 'Left Eye' Lopez's death made it more emotional","questions":"What made the BET Awards poignant?","answer":"Lisa"}
{"text":["We've got two foreign vessels in Iranian custody. We've got one Iranian tanker in British custody and no sign of the tensions cooling off. So what happens next is the big question and a lot of the options are not that great. I mean, remember, this is all happening in the context of the Trump administration's maximum pressure campaign against Iran.","Trump has been saying the return of American sanctions on Iran and other pressures are all designed to force Iran back to the negotiating table to hammer out a tougher version of the 2015 nuclear agreement - that's the one Trump pulled the U. S.  out of. So far, Iran's unanimous response from the military to the supreme leader has been, nope, Iran doesn't negotiate under pressure. We're not going to do it. So we'll have to see if this continuation of commercial vessels being seized in the Persian Gulf adds more pressure for some kind of international response.","That's NPR's Peter Kenyon in Istanbul.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The tensions do not cool as they are hot but they do lesson.","questions":"Which word describes the state of tensions in the dialogue?","answer":"tensions"}
{"text":["So you had the U. K.  negotiating bilateral agreements with, like, Australia and Canada and India, right?And then I read you also had Germany forming its own bloc with members, countries that it had relationships with. And the U. S.  did something similar.","That's right. The origins of the British trading bloc really go back to World War I. And a lot of the considerations are of a military nature, a geostrategic nature. They were bottlenecked in some supplies, especially for the military, and that's why the British government was thinking more about how to secure its supplies. And that happened on the German side as well. Germany was preparing for war. They were gearing up for war, so they needed to make sure they had the right supplies, especially for the military.","Now, you write that if similar patterns play out today, we could see a, quote, \"reorientation of world trade around China- and U. S. -centric trade blocs. \"How likely do you think that is?","Well, it depends on the politics. The White House wants to have a more bilateral approach where the U. S.  deals with one individual country, as opposed to a group. And China now wants to create a system of its own. So that does include establishing a sphere of influence in Asia. And each of them will want to build up their own realm where they have the power in the region.","What do you think is at stake here?If this approach continues, what are your main concerns?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The countries formed their own blocs due to military and strategic considerations, not just trade.","questions":"Which considerations led to the formation of the trading blocs?","answer":"Military"}
{"text":["The United Nation says it's made an agreement that will gradually release 3,000 child soldiers from an armed group in South Sudan. The children are between 11 and 17 years of age. They have spent their childhoods fighting and killing for a group called the South Sudan Democratic Army Cobra faction. Jonathan Veitch, UNICEF's South Sudan representative, says these children have been forced to do and see things that no child should ever experience. Sudan has a long history of civil war and using children for war. Only a few of the thousands of children who get captured and dragged into the conflict manage to escape. Emmanuel Jal did. He's now an actor and musician in Toronto, who had a role in last year's film \"The Good Lie. \"He was 8 years old when he became a child soldier.","Most of us have seen our homes burned down, have seen terrible things happen. So, I mean, I witness one of my aunt raped in our home area. And witnessing and seeing my home village burned down and then when we're told that I'm going to be given skills and a gun to fight the people who did that to my homeland, there was not much for me to be convinced.","What was life for you like as a child soldier?","It's hell seeing 6, 7 years old burying their own dead. Nobody's going to give them questions when they're beginning to ask questions. Simple questions - why are we here?Where's my mommy?That's when you get to know, like, these are children sometimes when the terrible things happen."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The children in the war had to face and endure many difficult and tragic things.","questions":"What did the child soldiers experience?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["Indeed, and the longer this regime stays, the bigger this possibility is. I think any solution to the Syrian crisis will have to assure the different communities in Syria, at the top of which are the Alawites of their future in the country. Many Alawites today do not feel that what the Bashar Assad is doing to their country is excusable. At the same time, they are afraid to basically jump the ship and go against him for fear of being, sort of, killed and massacred by the majority Sunnis in the country. And so a political process will have to address the aspirations, the needs, the fears of these different minority communities in Syria.","A political process we've seen very little of. There's nothing going on.","Not much. There is a U. N.  envoy, Mr.  Lakhdar Brahimi, who was both an U. N.  and Arab League envoy, who is trying, you know, to initiate such a process. But given, in my view, the fact that this regime looks at things in Syria as a zero-sum game, there is, indeed, a very little likelihood of the success of the political process.","Marwan Muasher, former foreign minister, deputy prime minister of Jordan, with us from studios at the Carnegie Endowment in Washington. Thanks very much for your time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There is a lack of progress in the political process for the Syrian crisis.","questions":"Which process lacks progress?","answer":"Political."}
{"text":["He says it's incumbent on the press and on the media not to make it easy for celebrities to have these terribly serious transgressions alleged and be able to skate by on their charm, on their fame, on their accomplishments outside the arena of these allegations. He said, you know, it is precisely the inconvenient moment where you have all these stars - and Woody Allen is in South of France because of the debut of his new film.","And you have stars like Blake Lively, Jesse Eisenberg and others who are there, Steve Carell. And he says we should be hearing them asked what it's like to work with an alleged child molester - and by the way, those are his words, not mine - rather than asked, you know, what costumes were you wearing?How did you like your outfits?What was it like to work with this great director?","That's his argument. He says it's uncomfortable but these questions need to be asked, otherwise powerful people can get away with terrible things.","How do you feel about that?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He says it's incumbent on the press and on the media not to make it easy for celebrities to have these terribly serious transgressions alleged and be able to skate by on their charm, on their fame, on their accomplishments outside the arena of these allegations.\"  Implicated meaning: The speaker is emphasizing the responsibility of the press and media to hold celebrities accountable for their serious wrongdoings, rather than allowing them to escape scrutiny based on their charisma, reputation, or achievements unrelated to the allegations.","questions":"What is the PersonA's stance on the role of the press and media in holding celebrities accountable?","answer":"Responsibility"}
{"text":["So you have companies like Altria, a tobacco giant, that sent four representatives right in the middle of this decision-making process. Altria, several years later, went on to buy a 35% stake in the company Juul, which was the most popular e-cigarette among teens. So you certainly see representation from the tobacco companies showing up at the Office of Management and Budget during this time frame.","Can I just clarify that, 'cause I think many people might find it curious that the tobacco companies were involved here because I think a lot of people have the impression that e-cigarettes are an alternative to tobacco products?I mean, the whole point was to get people to stop using tobacco products. That's not true?","Very interesting point that you make. And that's a question that many federal officials are trying to get to the bottom of right now. Even in Congress, Senator Durbin is on top of this issue. You've seen companies like Juul arguing that they are an alternative to tobacco, that they're even a safe alternative to tobacco. But, of course, giant tobacco companies have a large stake in the company. So a lot of people are wondering the same thing you're wondering - how can that be?","So when you approached former Obama administration officials to ask them what happened there, what did they say?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Altria is an extremely large tobacco company that sent representatives.","questions":"How many representatives did Altria send to the decision-making process?","answer":"Four"}
{"text":["For my country right now, I hope for the best. I really, really hope and I wish that this could have a solution that didn't include war. But honestly, after all these years, I'm really, really scared, really, really sad. But I think that it's the only way.","(Singing in foreign language).","If the military intervention happens, I hope that then - no innocents die in the process.","That was Venezuelan musician Lolita De Sola."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : they are trying to imply they want peace not war instead ","questions":"How does PersonA feel about the possibility of military intervention?","answer":"Peace"}
{"text":["It looks like a stationary bike.","And in your video - it's our Video Pick of the Week, which you have called the best laboratory in the world?","It was enamored with this lab. I'm just going to be honest. I thought it was the coolest lab.","Coolest lab in the world."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  A: \"It was enamored with this lab. I'm just going to be honest. I thought it was the coolest lab.\" In this turn, the phrase \"enamored with this lab\" and \"coolest lab\" are used figuratively to express a strong liking or admiration for the lab, rather than indicating a literal romantic or temperature-related meaning.","questions":"Which phrase is used figuratively to express a strong liking for the lab in turn 2?","answer":"Coolest"}
{"text":["I don't really describe myself. I don't have a - I don't label myself really. I've done some interviewing in the past and just, you know, strike up a general conversation with people usually in sort of a casual environment. And for some reason, usually, people will talk to me.","And I have to say, you've got great researching skills. I read that you even dug up Carter Page's undergrad thesis, and you spoke with his U. S. Naval Academy thesis adviser. That's amazing. Why did you do that, and how did you go that deep?","I don't know. I just - I have a curiosity about this whole situation, and I really wanted to get to the bottom of it. So I - you know, the easiest way to say it is no stone left unturned.","You say, you know, you want to contribute to the investigation, but how are you different than a journalist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"people will talk to me\" - This implies that the speaker has a skill or quality that makes people comfortable talking to them.","questions":"Which skill does the speaker have?","answer":"Comforting"}
{"text":["Yeah, well, when I was a young, little Muppet baby version of myself, you know, I mean - I guess people were right in that I was kind of a punk kid. I was anti-everything. I was anti-capitalist, first of all. I just don't have a lot of respect for profit motive. So as an artist, you know, I had a hard time. You know, when I was living hand to mouth, you know, my first manager - as a teenager, you know - tell people you have tapes for sale. Like, no, no.","(Laughter) You didn't even want to do that.","I just feel like a jerk. I didn't want to. I couldn't do it. I couldn't do it.","What I loved about the book was that I didn't come away with an impression that you suffered from self-doubt. You kind of always knew that it just didn't matter how hard it was, you were just - this was your thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Muppet baby version of myself implies being naive and innocent or having little or no knowledge ","questions":"How would you describe PersonA's attitude towards profit motive as mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Rebellious"}
{"text":["So when did it start to go bad?","Well, when they started cutting the shifts back. You know, they had three shifts. And when things started going bad, we started opening at seven o'clock in the morning just to accommodate to the third shift people so that they could come here, have a bite to eat and a drink before they went home.","And then third shift, you know, they did away with that. So then we started - we quit opening up early because of that, and so that really cut back on our business. Then, they got rid of the next shift. They are only one shift. It just like gradually has gotten worse and worse. So now, we're concerned, what about now, when there's going to be nobody.","Was this - I don't know - was this a dream to own your own business, own your own restaurant?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Dream\" is not a literal dream while sleeping, it means something someone always wanted to do. An aspiration.","questions":"How does \"dream\" relate to the conversation between PersonA and B?","answer":"Aspiration"}
{"text":[". . . in HD glory.",". . . up there at sciencefriday. com on our webpage. You can also take it along with you on your iPad or iPhone or Android. But they run - this is an amazing photo. It's - because this thing is huge. It's very long. The antenna is very, very long.","It is very long. And they run it from base to tip through their mouth. And they do this all the time. And Coby Schal wondered, why are they spending all this time grooming?What are they actually grooming off?And he said there have been a lot of hypotheses about this, but no one had actually tested it. So they did a couple of things that are - it's so funny. So first of all, to test why a cockroach grooms, you have to prevent the cockroach from grooming, which presents an interesting challenge: How do you get the cockroach to cooperate with you?","And they came up with something sort of like one of those dog cones that prevents dogs from scratching. But it's a teeny, tiny antenna cone made from the tip of a pipette that they put on the base of the antenna. So the cockroach can't actually pull it down. So on a cockroach now, they have one antenna that's being groomed and they have this other antenna that the cockroach can't groom anymore. So they can see what happens to the dirty antenna, and they find that all of this gunk starts to accumulate on the antenna."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Preventing a cockroach from grooming presents an interesting challenge means it's difficult to get a cockroach to stop grooming","questions":"Which hypothesis did Coby Schal test regarding cockroach grooming?","answer":"Cockroach"}
{"text":["In the fall of 2017, Bowe Bergdahl was dishonorably discharged from the U. S.  Army for deserting his post in Afghanistan years earlier. His rank was reduced. He had to pay a fine, but he did avoid prison time. And on the day Bergdahl was sentenced, President Trump tweeted that his sentence was a, quote, \"complete and total disgrace. \"This wasn't the first time Trump had weighed in on the case. On the campaign trail, he had called Bergdahl a dirty, rotten traitor and said he should be executed for deserting.","Now, this week, a panel of military judges ruled that Trump's comments were evidence of what's called unlawful command influence. That's when someone higher up on the chain of command tries to influence the outcome of a military trial. Here to further explain unlawful command influence is Stephen Vladeck. He teaches military justice at the University of Texas School of Law. Welcome.","Thanks for having me.","So I should first mention that while these military judges did find evidence of unlawful command influence, they still declined to change Bergdahl's sentence in any way. Bergdahl still lost his appeal. That said, what were the specific comments from Trump that these judges took issue with?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Trump's tweet was an attempt to influence the outcome of the military trial","questions":"What was the term used to describe someone higher up on the chain of command trying to influence the outcome of a military trial?","answer":"Unlawful"}
{"text":["So when we are forced to cut, we have to decide which is the best way to do it. We can do a shallow cut, like 10 percent 20 percent of the full ration. Or we can do a deep cut if we think the contributions will not be coming in anytime soon. The difficulty with doing a deep cut is that over the longer period, of course, people will become malnourished. Their immune systems will be suppressed. And if the cuts continue, or they're getting absolutely no food from WFP, inevitably, over time, they will fall sick. And, ultimately, many people will perish.","So - I mean, forgive me. It's one thing to make appealing ads that people are in danger of starving to death. What you're saying now is, because there's a crunch for aid, people are in danger of dying slowly.","That's what, in the end, will happen to the most vulnerable. It's the women and the children who will go first. The difficulty about the situation confronting us in 2018, however, is that it comes on the heels of 2017, when the world really pulled itself together, and our donors and donors for other organizations stepped up and provided a lot of funding because we were facing what was said to be the greatest humanitarian needs. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker is apologizing for their question, the implied meaning is that they are skeptical about the severity of the situation and the potential consequences of aid shortages.","questions":"What is the PersonA's skepticism about the severity of the situation?","answer":"Severity"}
{"text":["Well, surprisingly there really aren't many regulations for consumer drones. There are some important rules that you have to stick to. You can't fly within five miles of an airport without special permission. You're not allowed to fly in heavily populated areas or over sports stadiums. You can only fight at altitudes of 400 feet or less. And you can't fly in D. C.  because someone crashed a drone on the White House lawn, so. . .","So all of D. C.  is out.","All of D. C.  is out, yes.","You know, I understand, or at least I saw on \"Law & Order\" years ago, that ignorance of the law is no defense. But I'd venture to say a lot of people are a little foggy on exactly how far they are from the airport."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : a little foggy implies that the people do not have exact information","questions":"Which word implies that people do not have exact information in the statement?","answer":"Foggy"}
{"text":["Last week, Purdue Pharma and the Sacklers reached a tentative deal with thousands of plaintiffs over those lawsuits and - which would've paid up, I guess, $3 billion out of their personal fortune. Why did most state attorneys general reject that deal?","Well, what they say, basically, Scott, is that Purdue Pharma and the Sacklers aren't paying enough under this deal. They think the family is worth around $13 billion. That's the Forbes family - the magazine estimate. And the vast majority of that came from pushing really aggressively to turn OxyContin into a bestselling drug. So these AGs want members of the family to cough up more of what they describe as ill-gotten gains.","I will say the family sent an email to NPR this week. They said the deal on the table will drain a lot of their personal wealth and mean them giving up Purdue Pharma, this company that they own outright.","What is it that New York's attorney general and her team say they found?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"to cough up more\" implies to remit more payment","questions":"How did the AGs want the family to contribute more from their wealth?","answer":"Remit"}
{"text":["Yeah.","You know, so, yeah, I think that there are people who really enjoy - just like it's sort of a niche market that people like the Winter Olympics. But largely, I think a lot of people who couldn't tell, you know, an Olympic torch from, you know, a fire extinguisher are waiting to find out if - can we wrest the gold medal back in basketball?","Why do you think that is?I remember watching the Olympics growing up, you know, and as a young man, I mean, it was big, big deal. You wanted to watch all of it. That's how you learned about other sports that you didn't even know anything about was through watching the Olympics. But it seems of late that it's lost some of that. I don't know if it's because of the doping scandals and Marion Jones and others. Why do you think that our interest has changed?","That's a great question. But I think it's - what's happening in entertainment in general is that there's just so much on our palette. There are so much to choose from and to watch. You know, when we were kids, you know, back in oh-hundreds, you know?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker suggests that many people are only interested in the Olympics for popular events","questions":"What is the niche market that some people enjoy during the Winter Olympics?","answer":"Winter"}
{"text":["An impression, that's an interesting question there. And certainly, you talked about that room I was in, it was certainly interesting for me to be standing in there quite literally in the middle of this room surrounded by all these heads of state from around Africa. But I quite literally - I mean, the journalist in you kicks in - I'm there certainly covering it, but it kicks in and I made a beeline, I absolutely did, when I laid eyes on him. I went right over to him and certainly was curious to get an impression of him. But as soon as he determined and as soon as he understood who I was and what I was probably going to be asking him, his whole demeanor kind of changed.","He was there - and certainly, the Leo Sullivan Foundation and the Sullivan Summit is something you - it's not supposed to necessarily be political. And a lot of these heads of state agree to participate because - they are, they're looking for the betterment of that particular country that they're in. And it's all really something we're all supposed to get together and celebrate and try to help, and not supposed to really be a political undertone to any of it. So, I wasn't trying to create that, but still the journalist in me wanted to ask him some questions about what has been happening in Sudan, and certainly the Darfur region. But I never got that opportunity.","Sounds like he shut it down a little bit.","He shut it down like you wouldn't believe."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the journalist in you kicks in\" - This is an idiom that means the person's journalistic instincts or tendencies took over, rather than a literal physical action of someone kicking.","questions":"What kicked in when PersonA saw him?","answer":"Instincts"}
{"text":["And Mr.  Cohen has had his brushes with the criminal justice system before, hasn't he?","Well, I don't think it's fair to say that he has. I think that there are many people around him who have, ranging from members of his family to myriad business associates - associates of his in the taxi business. When he first got out of law school and started working as a personal injury lawyer in, I think, 1992 or 1993, the first job he took was with a personal injury law firm where the named partner was arrested on bribery charges within a year or two of Michael having arrived there. Now, Michael was a junior associate. You know, I wouldn't want to imply that somehow that related to him, but that was the first known instance of many that followed of Mr.  Cohen being around or being involved with people that got into a lot of legal trouble - other lawyers, business associates and so forth.","In the 30 seconds we have left, is he - is Michael Cohen in a position to know a lot about Donald Trump and The Trump Organization that they might rather not have the public know?","I think that's right. But I think we have to make a distinction between knowing a lot that they might not want the public to know to having information that represents evidence that can be used in a criminal prosecution, whether it's of people at The Trump Organization, Mr.  Trump's family or Mr.  Trump himself, who likely wouldn't be indicted under any circumstances because he's the sitting president."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Michael Cohen has been associated with people who have gotten into legal trouble","questions":"What was the first job Michael Cohen took after law school?","answer":"personal"}
{"text":["It was fabulous. One of our friends at News & Notes, one of our folks from the Reporter's Roundtable, John Yearwood of the Miami Herald, arranged for us to get a private interview with the president of Senegal. And that was wonderful, and we're going to run that next week. He's involved in essentially trying to do some negotiations with the president of Sudan over Darfur and also talks about a lot of the ecological issues that's affecting west Africa. But the best part about it was that the initial part was - were students, and you have these student journalists in this room full of diplomats and you know, a lot of security, big presidential suite, and it was - there was a certain heaviness to the air and certain gravitas. The president speaks English, but sometimes he speaks French and has a translator. And just to see the lights on these students' faces, the student from NABJ and the other ethnic journalism association, that was extraordinary.","It sounds like it was quite something. And we will look forward to hearing that interview. One really quick question before I let you go, and that's when you have a room full of journalist, does anybody get a chance to talk or does everybody talk at the same time.","Everybody dances.","Farai, thanks for checking in. We'll see you back here next week. Oh, one more thing, Farai?Oh, she's gone. I wanted to wish her a happy birthday. We'll have to do that when she comes back. All right, that was News & Notes host Farai Chideya checking in with us from Chicago, Illinois."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Journalists tend to talk over each other in a room full of journalists","questions":"Which turn mentions an interview with the president of Senegal?","answer":"0"}
{"text":["So one of the most famous stories about Julie takes place at a royal ball, at the Palais Royal. She attended in men's clothes. She often dressed in men's clothes, in the way that Katharine Hepburn dressed in men's clothes, not pretending to be a man, just, that was her style. And she saw a young woman on the dance floor, beautiful young woman, and she kissed her. Everyone gasped. And three men, one after another, three noblemen challenged her to a duel. So she said to them, one after another, yes, I'll meet you outside at midnight. Fought them, one after another, beat them all and then returned to the ball.","(Laughter) Just another night at the palace.","As you do, that's right. And, you know, that really sealed her reputation as a wild, uncontained woman who just did not care about any of the protocols.","Yeah. And how important was historical accuracy to you as a novelist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In context, B's response \"Just another night at the palace\" is a sarcastic comment and doesn't actually mean that it was a typical night at the palace. Instead, it implies that the situation was unusual and scandalous, but B is making light of it with humor.","questions":"How did PersonB perceive the situation at the palace?","answer":"Scandalous"}
{"text":["I think that with that time, you just need to map it out and make sure that you stay busy. Because if you don't, there's a lot of other elements, you know, inside, that could possibly corrupt you. And you might not only lose your freedom, you might end up losing your life. So you've got to be really careful while you're in there.","Now your song \"It's Real\" deals with a really heavy topic: AIDS.","Right.","Let's take a listen."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The song It's Real addresses a serious issue.","questions":"Which issue does the song \"It's Real\" address?","answer":"AIDS"}
{"text":["All over. I was just meeting with a friend. I had served at the U. S.  Embassy in Mexico. She's here with a group of students and professors. I have just met recently a TV crew from Romania. Another one has come in from Serbia. And, of course, of special note, a number of journalists have come in from Kenya, where there's a very very big interest, obviously, for the roots of the candidate Senator Obama.","Well, tell us, what's drawing the other journalists?What is it that they're so fascinated by?","I think it goes back probably to the caucuses in Iowa in January, and it's just grown. Clearly, as the enthusiasm in the United States has grown, I think a lot of them are focusing on the young people so involved, but in general, the U. S.  public so involved in these elections and in these campaigns. And I think, in part, it is, the U. S.  does remain a certain kind of example in terms of democracy.","Well, I mean, is it fair to say that, were Barack Obama not in this race, there wouldn't be as much interest?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The other journalists are fascinated by the reason behind the interest in the candidate Senator Obama.","questions":"What is the reason for the interest of other journalists in Senator Obama?","answer":"Interest"}
{"text":["Now, there's also the toll, you know, that this takes on judges. I mean, that's precisely what Judge Arrington said. He said, seeing the same black faces walk in and out of his courtroom year after year takes its toll.","When you first became a judge in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, did you feel like it was something that you brought home with you, that you felt a weight on yourself?","Oh, no doubt about it. I mean, I'm a control freak, and I'm goal oriented. I took recidivism personally. Every time I saw that same guy or that same woman come back in, it was a failure on my part.","And I did. And it hurt me. And I've cried. I've made defendants cry. I had the whole courtroom crying once because my sense of hurt was so real and so immediate."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : THE WHOLE COURTROOM CRYING BECAUSE OF THE HURT WHICH IS REAL AND ITS HURT","questions":"Which emotion was so real and immediate that it caused the whole courtroom to cry?","answer":"Hurt"}
{"text":["It will be - the repercussions will, you know, be far and wide. As I said, the law has more than a thousand pages. It touches every part of the health care system. So it's not just these marketplaces that we talk about most of the time.","The most immediate impact is Medicaid expansion. More than 10 million people have gotten health care because states have expanded Medicaid to a larger population. The law guarantees that people up to age 26 can get insurance through their parents. That's popular - that would go away. Again, the pre-existing condition protections - insurance companies have to give people coverage for their existing health problems.","But then, it also controls what Medicare pays doctors. It authorizes the Indian Health Service. It determines whether companies have to make accommodations for breastfeeding mothers. It makes chain restaurants put calorie counts on their menus. I mean, it's everywhere.","Yeah. Well, I mean, a lot of things have changed in American life."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : touches every part of the health care system implies relates and concerns the health care system ","questions":"What does the law mentioned in the dialogue relate to?","answer":"Health-care"}
{"text":[". . . A different kind of catch and kill.",". . . Another chapter of the story, yeah. NPR's David Folkenflik.","Thanks, David.","You bet."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The phrase \"You bet\" in (4) is a colloquial phrase which means \"You're welcome\" or \"No problem\".","questions":"How did PersonA respond to PersonB's thanks?","answer":"Youbet"}
{"text":["Really, the link is, you know, if you strip away the neuroses, maybe. You know what I'm saying?I spend all day being other people - literally transforming. You know, for a book to function, it's not - I can tell the difference between realities. But it has to be a functioning reality. The character has to be real. And I imagine that's exactly what happens for a spy who was, you know, in deep cover.","I just think, yes, I wouldn't make it for a second if I had to do it in front of another person. So if you take the privacy of the room away, maybe that's the link. It's about inhabiting other realities in a convincing - beyond convincing. It has to be more than that. It has to be real for the person.","Nathan Englander, his book \"Dinner At The Center Of The Earth. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Oh, truly, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn 2, the speaker is implying that the privacy of the room is important for them to be able to inhabit other realities and make them believable.","questions":"What is the link between privacy and inhabiting other realities according to the speaker in turn 1?","answer":"Believable"}
{"text":["But you also said let me reassure you, I've seen the quality of that work. In other words, these plans are viable, credible, ready to go?","Yes, I have. I did say that. Part of my job in the Pentagon was the oversight - civilian oversight of military planning, and one of the things that we've, you know, we're charged with is to prepare options for the president no matter the contingency. And certainly, there are very viable plans with regard to contingencies involving Iran. But again, the judgment is at this point that's not where the focus should be.","And as you know, Israel has - well, has plans of its own - contingencies. And I know a large part of your speech was devoted to the idea that they should hold off and reassuring them the United States would take action if necessary and that Israeli action would be counterproductive. More counterproductive than an American strike?","Well, my point to them was we have a shared objective here - preventing Iran from getting nuclear weapons and that, you know, any military action really only buys time. It's a delaying action for one to three years. It sets the program back, but it doesn't solve the fundamental problem of Iran's pursuit of a nuclear weapons capability. To do that, you'll need a continued international campaign with sanctions, with negotiations to eventually change their calculus."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"In other words, these plans are viable, credible, ready to go?\" - The actual meaning here is not about the meaning of the words used but rather about the speaker trying to confirm if the plans are indeed viable, credible, and ready to be implemented.","questions":"What was PersonB trying to confirm about the plans mentioned by A?","answer":"Viability"}
{"text":["That's right. They said they would, and they're going to do it. Universal background checks for gun buyers is one of the bills they're going to vote on. These are measures with broad public support, many having arisen since the most horrific mass shootings we have seen in recent months and years.","Senator Bernie Sanders entered the 2020 race for president this week - I think $6 million he raised within 48 hours or something. But he touched off a recurrent question about if he's really a Democrat in all ways, maybe. This week, he refused to call Nicolas Maduro a dictator.","You know, terminology and labels are not ultimately where people live, but they can have meaning and effect when it comes to campaigns. We certainly saw that in 2016. Sanders only calls himself a Democrat when he's seeking to be the party nominee for president. The rest of the time and in Congress, he calls himself an independent. And that may be more accurate.","The phrase democratic socialist that Sanders uses a lot - that has quite a few fans, especially among younger voters, who seem to take this word socialist in stride. Older voters still remember the years when to be a socialist was to be on the wrong side of the Cold War in many people's minds. And voters of all ages will be taking part in those primaries and caucuses starting in less than a year.","Thanks so much. Ron Elving, thanks for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"The phrase democratic socialist that Sanders uses a lot - that has quite a few fans, especially among younger voters, who seem to take this word socialist in stride.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that Sanders' use of the term \"democratic socialist\" has garnered support among young voters who are not put off by the term \"socialist.\" The actual meaning is that the speaker is noting a generational divide in how voters perceive the term \"socialist.\"","questions":"Which generational group seems to be more accepting of the term \"socialist\"?","answer":"Younger"}
{"text":["How did she describe it?","It happened to be a beautiful day when she posted this picture, but you see rubble side by side with, you know, people doing their shopping, people just going about their business, school kids returning to school. It's surreal.","So there's the physical scars of this conflict, but what about the other one that you mentioned, which is justice?Will there be justice for anyone who committed atrocities?There's so much evidence of the chemical attacks, the murders, the torture, the disappearances. What happens to that?","There are some bright spots of hope - the fact that we saw - that we're starting to see indictments in European courts. You know, interestingly enough, a lot of people who were perpetrators of some of the worst crimes inside Syria, whether they did it in the name of the regime or in the name of an opposition, have found themselves in Europe and, therefore, sort of subject to European justice because other Syrians have recognized them. Other Syrians have identified them. And there might be hopes that there can be an accountability in that sense.","But I think inside Syria, you know, the actual architects of most of this - of this incredible disaster still remain at large. And not only at large or in power, but about to potentially be incredibly enriched by the reconstruction that, in theory, is coming to Syria.","So what do you think the road ahead looks like for Syria?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : They did not actually build something physical, they created the situation of the disaster.","questions":"Which disaster did they create?","answer":"disaster"}
{"text":["But also, at the moment, there is a decided sense of panic and loss of confidence in the financial system itself, which is actually exacerbating the situation. The scariest thing that's going on at the moment is, essentially, there's a run on the whole of the Western world's banking systems. It's a behind-the-scenes run, but it's a run nonetheless. And this is why you're seeing some extraordinary action by central banks, essentially because they are now the only people in the - around who are willing to fund or finance the banking sector.","If there's a loss of faith in leadership in the U. S.  and Europe, where do you look for world financial leadership now?","Well, I think the interesting thing is, the normal thing - place you would look would be to the finance ministers and the central bank governors of the world and seek to see whether they can come up with some sort of plan or some sort of coordinated action. Everyone is gathering together later this week in Washington on Friday and at the weekend.","And so this is a real test. I don't think they necessarily want it to be a test, but I'm sure it will be seen as a test to see whether the authorities can do more than look at how to stop this happening again in the long term, which is one of things, actually, they were intending the meeting to be about, but actually to try and stop the panic."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is a sense of panic in the financial system and central banks are the only ones willing to finance the banking sector.","questions":"Which sector is being financed by central banks?","answer":"Banking"}
{"text":["Why was it important for the Colorado Springs Police Department to investigate the Klan?","My job as an intelligence officer detective was to monitor any subversive activity which could negatively impact the city of Colorado Springs. And let's face it, the Ku Klux Klan historically is a subversive group. And when I saw the ad in the newspaper, obviously, I perked up to this fact and set about trying to address it to understand it.","You had to come up with a gambit for actually meeting him, and you couldn't meet him. You had to find a colleague to do it. So what was the gambit you came up with?","The gambit was I, obviously as a black man of African descent, could not meet Ken O'dell, the local organizer posing as a KKK member. So I had to take a - have a white officer introduced into the mix posing as Ron Stallworth. So I got a undercover narcotics detective friend of mine - in the book, he's identified as Chuck. That's not his real name, but I had Chuck pose as me. And for the initial meeting, I gave him any identification that I had minus a photograph so that if they should question him about being me, he could pull those out and, you know, convince them, and it worked. We did this for 7 1\/2 months."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Ku Klux Klan is a subversive group that can negatively impact Colorado Springs.","questions":"What was the job of the intelligence officer detective in Colorado Springs?","answer":"monitor"}
{"text":["Right. Reckitt Benckiser made Suboxone Film. It was actually made by a division of the company called Indivior, which the parent company spun off five years ago. This is an opioid medication that's actually used to treat people recovering from addiction. You take it by dissolving it under your tongue rather than in tablet form. And back in April, Audie, the Justice Department filed criminal charges, claiming this drug was marketed using false claims that it's safer, less prone to abuse than cheaper alternative drugs. The feds said the company earned billions of dollars bilking healthcare providers and insurers, including Medicaid.","The $1. 4 billion - what is the U. S.  government going to do with that money?","Yeah. Well, most of this will go into the federal government's coffers. But interestingly here, $200 million will be divided up between any states that sign onto the settlement - the money going to reimburse their Medicaid budgets.","But if the company doesn't make this drug anymore and now you've got the spin-off company that makes it, why did they agree to this huge payout?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The company may be motivated to pay the settlement to avoid further legal complications.","questions":"What could be the company's reason for agreeing to the huge payout?","answer":"further"}
{"text":["Well, he's a remarkable individual. He has transformed Indian politics. He has led his party from a very low level in parliament to an enormous majority. He has a party that is the largest single party in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament. He is seen as a transformative figure. He's also seen as a divisive figure because of his past, but he has promised - and some of the early indications are - that he's not allowing that extreme element within his party a powerful say in government.","You have come out with a study at the Atlantic Council that demonstrates some of the economic costs of the arms race, which includes not just the cost of the arms and the cost of maintaining the vast military structures, but the deficits that have been created - lost opportunities for tourism and other industries. Try and sketch that out for us, if you could.","Yes, the current trade is only $2 billion. Economics 101 dictates that you trade with your neighbors. It makes no sense for them to have trade with distant countries. But, if they were to go back to the level of trade that they had at the time of independence in 1947, you could have between $40 and $100 billion worth of trade between the two countries. And more important - if they open their borders to each other, you would have tourism trade. You would have religious tourism from both sides and you would have trade with Central Asia through Afghanistan.","And if India is going to become the major power that it wants to be in the region and on the global stage, it will need every ounce of energy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"it will need every ounce of energy\" - The literal meaning is that India will need every unit of energy. The actual meaning is that India will need to put in a lot of effort to become a major power in the region and on the global stage.","questions":"What is the metaphorical meaning of \"every ounce of energy\" in turn 3?","answer":"Effort"}
{"text":["Reptilian, exactly, and now we know that many species of dinosaurs had feathers or simple filaments that seem to be feather precursors in some cases.","Do your findings come from the relatively recent discovery that some dinosaurs had feathers?Is this sort of, like, the next step?","We are sort of taking the next. In the last 10 years, we've discovered that we can gain insight into the colors of dinosaurs and how they may have used visual signals in important contexts. And so what we wanted to ask is, can we gain insight into the vocal communication that extinct dinosaurs might have had?","Well, so what's next for you in your research?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the recent discoveries about feathers and filaments on certain species of dinosaurs have enabled us to gain a better understanding of their visual and vocal communication.","questions":"Which aspect of dinosaur communication did the researchers want to gain insight into?","answer":"communication"}
{"text":["And we're hearing from you on your cell phone at the kiosk now, and we should note that where you are is not too far from Fort Bragg, which is home to the 82nd Airborne Division. And apparently, a lot of the soldiers have been coming home, and how has that affected your business?","Well, I mean, all the economy has been affected, but we're not as bad because luckily, we do do a lot of things for the military. Their wives are still here, so it's constantly them bringing in things that they need to be shipped overseas or just little minor things, things for the babies. It does keep a good flow in, though.","You mentioned the babies. I hear there's been an upsurge in the birth rate there, 50 percent more recently. That's a lot of babies.","Well, the troops came home at the first of the year, and now, everywhere you look, it's women pushing strollers, or they're pregnant.","And so, what kind of stuff are people bringing to you at your kiosk there for these expectant mothers?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Military families are a significant source of income.","questions":"How is the business affected by the soldiers returning home?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["Well, I was abused by a priest when I was a child. And it caused me a great deal of difficulty with my life afterwards. I had a lot of problems with anxiety and depression.","How old were you when it happened?","I had just turned 13. I was in a children's hospital. And the priest who assaulted me was the Catholic chaplain of the hospital. And he also took indecent photographs, which had a lasting effect on me.","You were one of two sexual abuse survivors on the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors. Yet you resigned March 1. Can you tell us why?","I did because I accepted the appointment to the commission in the hope that the church was really beginning to show, you know, a sincere wish to change. And after three years, I resigned on some specific issues. But, basically, it was the resistance from some quarters in the Vatican to actually change.","Does it surprise you that someone as high up as Cardinal Pell has been accused?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 :  \"as high up as Cardinal Pell\" - This phrase refers to Cardinal Pell's rank and influence within the Catholic Church, rather than his physical height.","questions":"Which aspect of Cardinal Pell is being referred to in turn 5?","answer":"rank"}
{"text":["From an economic perspective, they certainly don't seem to. All the evidence suggests that stadiums are not good economic drivers. But that being said, that doesn't mean that there is not value in a stadium. There are things like quality of life, things like civic pride. But ultimately, a lot of the economists I spoke to landed on the fact that what you need to do is have honest conversations among taxpayers and voters in terms of what you want to spend and why. Don't tell taxpayers that the stadium is going to make them rich because it's not going to. But it may enrich your life if you're a fan. And so take that into account and think about it the same way you would a golf course or an arts district. Is this something that you want to pay for?It's not an investment, but it's consumption.","You are awfully impressed by the art and craft of grounds crews.","Oh, I was.","A clever grounds crew can mean a difference in close games, can't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) implies that while stadiums are not good economic drivers, they still have value in terms of quality of life and civic pride. However, taxpayers and voters should be honest about what they want to spend and why, and not expect stadiums to make them rich.","questions":"Which view does turn 0 express?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["Before summer slips away, North Country Public Radio's Brian Mann decided to take a day off from work for one last hot-weather canoe trip in upstate New York. With his wife Susan, Brian paddled and trekked through the Ausable Marshes in the Champlain Valley. He sent back this audio postcard.","We've just set out into the Ausable Marshes, this gorgeous delta of marshlands and ox-bows that form here between the Ausable River and Lake Champlain. Already, just a few paddle strokes from the road, it's green and humid.","B.  MANN: The forest along the river is lush with birds. A kingfisher loops from bank to bank. It feels sort of tropical and up in the bow of the canoe, Susan strips down to her swimsuit.","This paddling reminded me of the Louisiana bayou. Not quite as hot."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Brian and Susan were looking forward to having a peaceful and relaxing day.","questions":"Which emotion did Brian and Susan hope to feel during their canoe trip?","answer":"Peaceful"}
{"text":["Ms.  LYNNE D.  JOHNSON (Blogger, fastcompany. com): Hi, how are you, Farai?","I'm great so, just quickly describe the video blog post for listeners who've not seen it.","Oh boy.","Well, it's basically something done as parody - described as parody in black face. Probably the most stereotypical depiction of a black person, an imagined black tech blogger with dreadlock wig, and speaking in a slang and talking about a website, called, you know about hos, or something like that. Hos and area codes. And so, a year ago, you know, people found this totally offensive, but it was in the - as you said in the insular web 2. 0 world, in the web community, people on Huffington Post, and PodTech heard some of the backlash and decided to not associate with Loren Feldman."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The video blog post was racist and offensive.","questions":"What was the response to the video blog post?","answer":"Offensive"}
{"text":["When we had a transfer of presidencies in this country, when Barack Obama came in four years ago and George W.  Bush got aboard the helicopter and left town, well, George W.  Bush has pretty vanished from the American political leadership. He wrote a book, did pretty well with that. I gather he gives some speeches, but he plays no great part in the American political system. Bill Clinton has been playing a little bit more in this election.","But in the meantime, Mr.  Hu Jintao on his way out - really, on the way out?He will be a member of the Standing Committee. He's not going to be president. He's not going to be chairman of the party anymore, but?","He still may have a pretty strong role in the military. There's also the former president of China, who I covered back in the '90s, named Jiang Zemin who's from Shanghai. He has been front and center at the Party Congress. He's been out and about. He's in his mid-80s. He's playing role in terms of lining up who's going to take over. There's a lot of horse trading, but it's very, very opaque. And the average Chinese person really doesn't have any sense of where it's heading.","So you're getting this new generation of younger leaders, but the gerontocracy, the old leaders, behind the scenes, they're still playing a role."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : George W. Bush has disappeared from American politics despite writing a book and giving speeches.","questions":"What did George W. Bush do after leaving the presidency?","answer":"book"}
{"text":["Prime Minister Boris Johnson asked the queen to suspend Parliament - a very British coup, as many of his critics say, or a way to force Parliament to work out Brexit three years-plus after voters voted for him.","Or perhaps a device to get Parliament out of the way and allow Boris and the Brexiteers to finally leave the EU even without a deal. And the EU has said it is done negotiating. So this fall, Britain may leave the European Union and do it in the most disruptive and unpredictable way imaginable. So for the residents of Britain, this is rather like watching a hurricane bear down on them, feeling helpless to stop it and unable to escape.","The romance between the president and Fox News seemed to have everything going for it. What happened?","(Laughter) It does seem to have cooled. Weeks ago, the president started complaining about the opinion polls he saw on Fox News. They were showing his approval rating as low as most of the other media and academic polls. So he called that fake news."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The person thinks that the good feelings have lessened a bit.","questions":"What did the person say about the romance between the president and Fox News?","answer":"Fake"}
{"text":["If you take that vial and set it down next to a trail of crazy ants, rather than fleeing from that plume of odor, they actually turn and head towards the vial. So they seem to be attracted to their alarm pheromones - their alarm pheromone. And so as a result, that's kind of snowballs. So you're getting an ant that's electrocuted, it releases alarm pheromones, more ants to pile on.","That seems odd that they would be attracted to the alarm.","There - it is a little odd, except for - a lot of ants do this. It's part of how ants organize the defensives nests, for example, so if there's an intruder you release alarm pheromones and nest mates know that there's a threat that they need to be defending against.","Hmm. Do they bite?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : more ants pile on means that more ants are attracted to the sent.","questions":"Which turn describes the behavior of the crazy ants towards the vial?","answer":"attraction"}
{"text":["They're using bank loans at a 15-year low. That is a response to tightening lender standards and so small business owners are increasingly turning to credit cards to finance their businesses which are obviously have much more high and volatile interest rates. It's one of the reason we've been advocating for credit card reform. Because of the acesss and restrictions to credit card capital, they're not expanding their businesses, hiring new employees, cutting back on business travel. You know, it runs the whole gamut.","So if these aren't expanding and they are having trouble getting loans to expand, what does that mean for their employees?","I'm not sure that it's come to the point yet that many are cutting back on employees, although some percentage is. But you know, I think a lot of small businesses are not hiring new employees at the moment, just sort of bunkering down and hoping to weather through this economic storm.","So, if I'm a small business and I need a loan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Runs the whole gamut means that it covers all the options.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the interest rates for credit cards in the dialogue?","answer":"High"}
{"text":["Why do cockroaches flip over on their backsides when they die?","But I understand now, when it comes to answering the question of the year, you're not going to go with that one. Why not?","This happens every year. Readers write in and point out that some of the questions on our list have been answered elsewhere on the Web. It turned out this year that our top three vote-getters have all been answered elsewhere. So we had to default to question number four.","And what is that question?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : We had to settle for the fourth question because the top three questions have already been answered elsewhere.","questions":"How many questions were answered elsewhere, forcing them to default to question number four?","answer":"Three"}
{"text":["You got a sinus infection but you taking a yeast infection medicine figuring if you lay down, it'll work its way up.","Do you believe in Mars and Venus, the whole idea that men and women are totally different?","I really do. And if I can get women to understand that every man that sleeps with you is not going to love you, then half of us will be all right.","What about the other half?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Mars in Venus\" is a reference to a book that asserted that men and women are very different. That's what it implies.","questions":"Which book is referenced by the term \"Mars and Venus\"?","answer":"Marsvenus"}
{"text":["Well, when the storm stops, and they give the all-clear to leave, the first thing will be to see if we even have a car that we can get into because they're expecting flooding in this area. And then we'll go from there - one step at a time.","Well, thank you very much. Susie and Ben Black talking to us from the maternity ward at HealthPark Medical Center. . .","Thank you.",". . . In Fort Myers, Fla."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The situation is uncertain and they need to take it one step at a time","questions":"How should they approach the situation?","answer":"One"}
{"text":["For many people in Hollywood, Weinstein's behavior did not come as a surprise. Rumors had circulated for years, and that gossip network helped warn some women away from him. Anne Helen Petersen is Buzzfeed's culture writer. She argues that gossip has a vital purpose, especially in Hollywood.","You know, I don't think that all gossip is progressive or feminist. You know, gossip is a major way of policing women's behavior. But at the same time, gossip about which men are dangerous, which men you shouldn't go on to lunch alone with - that sort of information is currency that women use to protect one another.","And in this last week, a document surfaced that was essentially a burn book for men in - who work in the media. The contributors are women who work in the industry, and the accusations are anonymous. They're unsubstantiated. The complaints range from rape to being unsupportive of female colleagues. It's a real range, and it puts illegal behavior, in a way, on the same level as dislikable and unfair behavior. So when does gossip become destructive and more about maligning people than really identifying serious abusers?","This is the - you know, with the thing about gossip networks, sometimes called whisper networks, is that the reason that they work is because you know the woman who is saying the thing to you. So I can - when someone says to me, this is what type of guy this is, I can decide what to do with that information based on that woman."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"It puts illegal behavior, in a way, on the same level as dislikable and unfair behavior\" - The actual meaning is not that illegal behavior and dislikable behavior are being equated, but rather that both types of behavior are being reported anonymously without any substantiation, making it difficult to differentiate between them.","questions":"How does turn 2 highlight the issue with the anonymous accusations in the document?","answer":"Equate"}
{"text":["Absolutely. This is probably one of the most consequential elections in Israel in the last 10 years, since Netanyahu has been in power.","Daniel, thanks so much.","You're welcome.","That's NPR's Daniel Estrin."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : None of the turns have implied meanings that are different from their literal meanings. They all convey their literal meanings without any hidden or implied messages.","questions":"How does turn 2 convey its meaning?","answer":"Clearly"}
{"text":["But you're right, the visual representations that she makes are stunning. She has beautiful people dressed very fashionably, speaking in this, you know, very outspoken, opinionated way. And I had just never seen this, and when I looked up some of the references about her, I could find much on her. So I made it my job to gather up all I could find, and ended up writing a book.","You have a picture in the book of her with Duke Ellington in the mid-'50s at a party. That shows - you know, and she's, you know, there on his arm. And so she must have had quite a standing in the community.","Well, she did. She was known for putting on fashion shows in South Side Chicago, where she lived. She was very well-dressed, and, in fact, later, some of her cartoon comic strips would have paper dolls with high fashion in them. So she was very keyed in to the fashion world and to fashionable people.","Her husband, Earl, managed upscale hotels in the South Side, because at this time, entertainers, travelers, businesspeople of color could not get a room in The Loop. So there were several elegant hotels on the South Side, and Earl managed one of those. They lived in the hotel. And I think from there, as well as from her own stature as a cartoonist whose work was read every week coast to coast, she did gain a lot of stature and a lot of friends."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - The literal meaning of this turn is that there is a picture in the book of Jackie Ormes with Duke Ellington, and it suggests that Jackie Ormes had a high standing in the community. However, the implied meaning is that Jackie Ormes was a prominent figure in the community who was associated with famous and successful people like Duke Ellington, which further emphasizes her influence and importance.","questions":"How was Jackie Ormes associated with Duke Ellington?","answer":"Fashionably"}
{"text":["I was listening back to some of the pieces that you've done in the past couple of months as we prepare for this broadcast. One of the things that China may have to change is the role of its banks. Banks like to take very few risks if possible, and that means investing in those big state-owned industries that have - well, they may not be spectacular returns anymore, but they are reliable.","Yeah. The banks do extremely well. You and I could sit back and run those banks and be very, very wealthy, though, communist.","The government sets the interest rates and so the banks can make a lot money. And if you're a Chinese person, you can't really get much of your capital out of the country. So where else are you going to put it?","One of the problems with the banks is that they tend to invest in state-owned enterprises. It's kind of part of their job, and it's less risky. But most of the jobs in China are really produced by private enterprise, as they are here in the United States. And it's much harder for them to get capital. So people are, in many ways, feelings that the economy is out of whack in a number ways and that there need to be some serious changes. The government knows this, but there are now very strong vested interests in state-owned enterprises and the banks. And so getting that done is not going to be easy politically."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The banks are profitable, but the speaker is critical of their communist policies","questions":"Which industry does the speaker say that Chinese state-owned banks invest in?","answer":"broke"}
{"text":["I mean, your site gets something like seven million visitors a month?","Yeah.","Wow.","So that, that audience helps too, having those people, you know, kind of at bay, you know, willing to sort of jump in at, like, my command and help out when necessary. And like I said before, a lot of those people who read my site are also Tesla fans, so that's sort of a double reason for them to be willing to commit to a campaign like this."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The audience of the site is willing to support the campaign when needed","questions":"How does the audience react to the campaign?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["I don't know. I mean, you know, what two-state solution are we talking about?You know, with all these Israeli settlements, with the annexation, with the actions that Israel has taken on a daily basis in Jerusalem, I don't know if the two-state solution is still viable, to be honest with you.","What does this part of the West Bank mean to Palestinians?Can you just paint a portrait of this area for us?","Well, the Jordan Valley has many, many significant aspects. First, it's religious - the Mount of Temptation in my hometown of Jericho where Jesus fasted for 40 days against the temptation of the devil. And the Jordan Valley is the breadbasket of the West Bank and of what would be a future Palestinian state. It's also strategic. It's on the border with Jordan, and it's the only outlet for the Palestinians to the outside world other than Israeli airport and ports.","Right. You mentioned its strategic value. I mean, Israel has been saying all along that, eventually, they would get this strip as part of any peace deal anyway because they need a strategic buffer between Israel and the rest of the Middle East so, say, like, weapons can be passed through. Shouldn't Israel be concerned about securing a buffer?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : paint a portrait means that they are asking for an explanation of the area in this context.","questions":"What is the Mount of Temptation?","answer":"religious"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News & Notes.","1. 5 million. That's the number of people reportedly incarcerated in the United States. Beginning in the 1980s, the nation saw an ever-expanding prison industry, designed to manage a steady stream of new felons and recidivists. Now some states are finding they can't afford the billions of tax dollars supporting the prison system. Rethinking the role of rehabilitation may be part of the answer. That's what Jennifer Gonnerman says. She's a journalist covering the prison beat, and her latest article kicks off a special edition of Mother Jones magazine that examines the prison system. Jennifer, great to have you on.","Thanks so much for having me, Farai.","So this is a whole special issue on the issue of prisons. Your article talks about the economic impact the prison system is having on the nation. So what kind of money are we talking about?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The prison industry has become too expensive for some states to handle and rehabilitation is a possible solution","questions":"How does Jennifer Gonnerman suggest addressing the economic burden of the prison system?","answer":"Rehabilitation"}
{"text":["But you can actually trace the Denisovan material in some populations but not in others in Island Southeast Asia. It's very easy to see because it's very distinct from modern human DNA. It's kind of like a medical imaging dye, and you can actually see who carries them and who doesn't and what the gene flow and migration patterns were.","Fascinating, David Reich, thank you for taking time to be with us today.","Thank you.","And good luck to you. I know you're going to go out hunting for more fossils, more Denisovans."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Denisovan material is identifiable in some populations but not in others, and it's easy to distinguish it from modern human DNA","questions":"How can Denisovan material be identified?","answer":"Trace"}
{"text":["That is Binyamin Appelbaum. He writes about economics for The New York Times, and he's written a new book, called, \"The Economists' Hour\" that traces what he calls a revolution in the way we think about economists.","This quiet but really important revolution that happens, really, beginning in the late 1960s and the early 1970s, where economists begin to gain tremendous influence over public policy in the United States.","In fact, that young economist who told his wife he had no future at the Fed, that was Paul Volcker. He became one of a small group of economists who made themselves indispensable to U. S.  presidents. Volcker rose to become the chairman of the Federal Reserve in the Carter and Reagan years.","So I asked Appelbaum, how did a bunch of economists go from nobodies to being important people?And he said it's pretty simple. In an era of real economic problems, they promised solutions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Binyamin Appelbaum is a writer for The New York Times and has written a new book about economics.","questions":"Which newspaper employs Binyamin Appelbaum?","answer":"NewYorkTimes"}
{"text":["So, you know, I like to dance, and I danced with several young ladies. And I said, your partner?I don't even know who your partner was. That's when it started. He just hauled off and hit me. And you know me. I swung back on him, and that was it. So it was a several gangs that were in the city at that time, and us being new, moving in from the county, it was just, you know, one of those territorial challenging things and because Vance was there, he's 18 months younger than me. We hung out together.","That's why we talked about it at family gatherings because we scrapped among each other because of closeness of age and being boys. But when it came to somebody bothering one of us, the other one had its back. So later on we learned that the guy I hit had his jaw wired, so it won us a lot of respect. We were going to Clifton Junior High School then, and one of the girls that had invited us, her father was an undertaker. He had a small place to march his funeral.","Very well respected.","Very well respected, yeah. They had a little rural house at that time on North Avenue. But we fought that day, and we were wearing little barracuda coats, that little trench coat that were something at that time. Like, I remember just being surrounded by guys, and you know, this is the way you want to be. My back was against the door. They pulled Vance out by his coat, and I just remember, you know, yelling to him, don't go down."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 1- The speaker got into a fight because someone hit him after he danced with someone else's partner. It was a territorial dispute between gangs. It was also a way to gain respect. 4- The speaker was surrounded by guys and warned his friend not to give up.","questions":"How did the speaker win respect?","answer":"Fight"}
{"text":["You know, I'm not sure exactly where the cuts will take place. I know they've got several issues in mind. I think it's definitely a reflection upon the times right now, and how difficult the environment is for financial service firms.","You wrote in your piece today that the bonus pool is still the sixth largest on record. How much money was it overall?","Overall, it was 18. 4 billion, but it was down from about 33 billion last year. So it's a decline, but it's still, like you said, the sixth largest, so there's been thoughts that the past compensations have gotten a little excessive. So there's definitely an argument that that was the case.","And all of this in the wake of a bonus scandal at Merrill Lynch. What's been going on there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The past compensations for financial firms have been excessive.","questions":"Which argument supports the past compensations being excessive?","answer":"Excessive"}
{"text":["Yes, far more often. And I'm not sure we fully understand why. In this particular - the latest case, the president said he was not informed until 24 hours before Shanahan pulled out. That was just hard to believe. It's either that reflects gross incompetence on the part of his team in not telling him, or he's lying about it and\/or some combination thereof. But we don't know the answer to that.","What we do know is there has been a pattern of withdrawals from nominations that were not fully vetted, or some things popped up at the last minute. You know, both the person nominated that the president wanted to be Army secretary and the person he wanted to be Navy secretary were both knocked out by disclosures that had not come up in the early vetting.","So who's supposed to find this stuff out in the early vetting?Whose responsibility is it?","There are two institutions that are responsible, take primary lead for it - nominees who require Senate confirmation. One first and foremost is the White House working in conjunction with the Internal Revenue Service, working as well with the FBI to do a thorough financial, legal and personal conduct - and that includes domestic violence - kind of search. While that is underway - and it can take a number of weeks - the Senate itself takes up a background check. And so it's almost shocking that the senators are saying they didn't know.","Every administration has some level of dysfunction. But in a White House that is running somewhat more smoothly than this one, how would this work when it's a well-oiled machine or something close to it?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The president may be lying about not being informed","questions":"How does the Senate conduct a background check?","answer":"White-House"}
{"text":["Well, you know, performance is really one of making sure you understand and document what's expected of you in your given role. One of the mistakes I see many professionals make, minority or otherwise, is they don't document and understand really what's expected of them.","And so they go throughout the whole year performing at what they may thing is the optimum level, only to get to the end of the year and find out that they've missed a mark. They're not doing one-on-ones or meetings quarterly or monthly with their manager, and so it's really important that if, you're going to track your performance that you understand what's expected, but more importantly that you follow up to make sure that you're on course.","Now, you have these performance evaluations in some cases, and is that a 100 percent of your success?How much are we talking about?","Yeah, I'm a big believer that success in corporate America, that performance really accounts for 50 percent of that. And what I mean by that is if you go back to childhood, most of what we were taught as children was you are rewarded based on how well you performed."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"they go throughout the whole year performing at what they may think is the optimum level, only to get to the end of the year and find out that they've missed a mark\" - The literal meaning is that they perform well all year but still don't meet expectations, but the actual meaning is that they don't understand what's expected of them and therefore can't perform well.","questions":"How do they perform throughout the year?","answer":"Poorly"}
{"text":["Sure.","We are always so grateful when you come on this show. I got to tell you - we got a lot of noes from Republicans who didn't want to come on this show and talk about gun policy, except, you know, maybe they'll go on Fox News. If the Republicans are proud of their record on guns, why not be interviewed about it?","Well, I can't speak for all of my colleagues on this. I mean, we obviously have a very serious violence problem in the country and particularly a firearm violence issue. And that - you know, we must address it. That said, we also have to respect the rights of people who own. . .","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Republicans are not willing to discuss gun policy in an open and honest way.","questions":"How did the Republicans respond to the invitation to discuss gun policy?","answer":"comfortable"}
{"text":["The truth is that there were many extremely brave people who decided to risk not only their own lives but also the lives of their families to rescue Jewish people. But the truth is also that there were many Poles who decided to betray their Jewish friends and their Jewish neighbors who were often living in hiding. And in addition to that, there were also those who didn't remain passive. But they were actively participating in a killing process. We cannot run away from this. We need to talk about this openly.","What I'm hearing you saying is that you're worried that the lessons of the Holocaust - that it wasn't just something that was done to people, but it was something that people also participated in either actively or passively - will be lost.","Yes. Well, in that sense, we are going back to this time in Polish history - and I'm talking specifically about the communist era - when the memory of the Holocaust was constantly distorted, twisted, politicized or just abused. And I'm just very concerned that we are now - we'll be following this path.","Are you concerned that if you say what you just told me in Poland, you could be prosecuted now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is worried that the lessons of the Holocaust might be forgotten or ignored","questions":"What is the PersonA's concern regarding the Holocaust?","answer":"forgetting"}
{"text":["It's a love letter to my mother. I love my mother very, very much. She gave me everything. She was a wonderful mother. She gave me the most magnificent childhood in Edinburgh, and she had no pattern for that. She was suffering so much as a child. She was kept very closeted. Nobody ever told her anything of love. She was very, very solitary, lonely and unhappy child. And yet she invented herself and became this wonderful mother to me.","And at the same time, I felt that her version of events, which was utter doom and terrible villainy, couldn't necessarily be completely true because everybody's version of their story is slightly different.","Of course.","And so I wanted to turn it and turn it like a kaleidoscope to see whether I could see what these people's motives really were. And was it so terrible?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning is that the speaker wants to examine the motives behind the actions of the people involved in the events. The implied meaning is that the speaker is questioning whether their mother's version of events was accurate and whether the motives behind the actions were as terrible as their mother portrayed them to be.","questions":"How does the speaker want to examine the motives behind the actions of the people involved in the events?","answer":"Motives"}
{"text":["Yeah, exactly. The case of China is interesting because China makes it a practice in its Africa policy to claim non-interference in a country's politics. And that makes it a favorite in places like Sudan and like Zimbabwe, which have some very basic problems. But these African countries also have natural resources that China desires. And so there's this quid pro quo, so to speak.","And Russia, of course, is, you know, perhaps arguably the world's largest supplier of illicit arms, and that's, you know, a connection, as well. And, of course, North Korea has trained some Zimbabwean soldiers and has a good relationship with Mugabe. So you can see there's a connection.","Absolutely. Professor Keller, thank you so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) In turn (2), the speaker implies that there is a connection between Russia's illicit arms trade, North Korea's relationship with Mugabe, and Zimbabwe's political situation.","questions":"What is the reason for the connection mentioned in turn (2)?","answer":"Arms"}
{"text":["Now, when we look at this, what they're doing, there was a - you know, in some ways perhaps a minor incident, but a telling one where the British publication, the Telegraph, reported online that the G8 leaders enjoyed a six course lunch followed by an eight course dinner. African leaders were not invited and of course they're talking about the global hunger situation. There was a lot of static about that. Do you think that, that was symbolic in any way or just, you know, big time world business as usual?","Well, Farai now you're going to draw the cynical side out of me. This was an incredibly stupid, careless move, by the G8 leaders where they basically seemed to have thought off camera they could do whatever they wanted to. And they demonstrated, for all to see, the contempt actually that they have towards the rest of the world.","That they basically - they see themselves, as in effect, the rulers of this planet. So, when they're on camera there'll be the tears, there'll be the concern. Off camera you saw this hideous example of consumption.","What do you think the G8 leaders should be doing in terms of an Africa agenda?I'm going to get to a couple of specific things, specific national issues of Zimbabwe and Nigeria in a second."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The G8 leaders see themselves as rulers of the planet.","questions":"Which leaders see themselves as rulers?","answer":"G8"}
{"text":["First of all, there is a lag time of - it's several months before raw material costs work their way all the way through the system. And farmers will be quick to tell you that they only get 20 cents from every food dollar. The rest of it goes to processing and labor and transportation. So all of these other factors also effect what we're paying at the grocery store.","Essentially the department is assuming that the volatility in the prices for energy and commodities is going to be with us for a while, at least through the middle of next year. In other words, the recent trends of lower prices for oil and other commodities isn't going to last, and if you look at today's spike in the price of oil, that's a good case in point.","John, you mentioned how we'll be seeing this at the grocery store. What about at restaurants?","Well, that's interesting. USDA forecast compares prices of food at home with those away from home. And in 2005 and 06, restaurant price and inflation was much higher than in grocery stores, but that changed last year and this year and supposedly will continue next year. Restaurants are now raising prices more slowly than grocery stores. Basically, restaurants are trying to absorb some of their higher food costs to cushion the blow to their customers and to keep them coming in."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"farmers will be quick to tell you\" - This is an idiomatic expression that means farmers are likely to agree or acknowledge this statement rather than being quick to say something.","questions":"What is the impact of volatility in energy and commodity prices on food prices according to the department's assumption?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["I think they have put a scare into people enough that they'd approve almost anything, and that's unfortunate. But I think we rely on our leadership. Cal Rapson, who is our vice president, has been in General Motors his entire life. I worked with Cal when I was here as a president. I think he understands the needs of auto workers, understands what GM can do and what they can't do, and I think, if we follow his leadership along with Ron Getelfinger, we're not going to be in too bad a shape.","You worked at a GM plant for 32 years. What you're seeing right now, how does that compare to what you've seen in the past?There have been troubled times before.","Never have seen anything to this magnitude. Well, my local has gone from 14,000 members to 2,000. When I was here, we were worrying about what was our next product, not worrying about whether we were going to have a product.","And so, for some of the workers that are there now with you at this UAW hall currently employed, what are they talking about?Are they coming up with a plan B in case this doesn't happen and they don't have jobs?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The current workers of the UAW hall are preparing for the possibility that GM won't be saved and are coming up with plans for their future.","questions":"What are the current workers of the UAW hall doing?","answer":"Alternative"}
{"text":["Who happens to be black.","You know.","And happens to be benched right now.","Happens to be benched. What do you make of this?I think Vince's issues I think are quite different from Tarvaris. I think there was a lot of pressure on Vince from the time he came out of Texas to kind of be the black Johnny Unitas, and he's going to - they'll both have an opportunity to sit and watch, and hopefully come back with a vengeance.","One really quick other black quarterback not in the league at the moment, in Atlanta, Michael Vick. Is Matt Ryan, the replacement, making Atlanta Falcon fans forget Michael Vick?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person being black is relevant to the conversation","questions":"Which characteristic of the person is discussed in turn 3?","answer":"race"}
{"text":["About the South, I think what's missing is an attention to the ways that we have progressed but the paradox of that progress here for many folks. We're not getting to those deep structures because the South is so glittery now. We have Starbucks, and we have Whole Foods. And there are cranes in the sky, as Solange Knowles would say, all across the South. We're in the newest New South. There are lots of stories about growth and progress. But, again, at what cost?On whose backs?","And so about Memphis, I think what we miss is that because we have seemingly healed in the form of a museum, in the form of commemoration, in the form of reckoning with this assassination that we're on the upswing, that we're moving forward. But as I mentioned earlier, I feel that time has stood still and gone backwards and circled around us in a lot of ways here and that what gets missed is that there are people in the middle of this play of politics, in the middle of this history who are crushed but that still are striving in ways that are remarkable and beautiful. There is joy. There is dancing. There is singing. Sometimes, I hop into a church just to hear the sounds of joy that come out. And I think that gets lost in the way that we talk about the city in the national media.","Zandria Robinson is a sociology professor at Rhodes College and a Memphis native. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite the progress and growth in the South, there are still underlying issues that need to be addressed.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the current state of the South?","answer":"Underlying"}
{"text":["I'm just - I'm 84, but - and I'm going to just keep going until suddenly I notice that somebody has approached with a hook, and the curtain is closing. But I continue to do basic research, as for example biogeography of ant faunas of the Pacific, and writing on the general subjects that we've been addressing today.","You talk in your book about having the summer off as a kid with lots of time to do what you want. Do kids need unstructured time?","They need a lot. They need a lot. I would say that generally speaking if you have a bright, inquisitive kid, and very few are not innately that way, and you were given a choice, two months of summer camp with advanced, more advanced preparation in various subjects with college on the horizon in mind, between that and cutting them loose in the woods or in a very interesting natural environment, and I say cutting them loose not entirely but if you know where they are, take the latter for heaven's sake. It's the latter where they will dream and beginning to form in their own mind those ideas, those conceptions, those misperceptions to be corrected that make up a strong mental ability and character.","Dr.  Wilson, thank you so much for taking time - it's always such a pleasure to have you on SCIENCE FRIDAY. Thank you for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The kids will begin to think of ideas as they explore on their own.","questions":"How will kids develop their mental ability and character?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["OK. So let me break down - let me ask you to break down what that means. What is the yield curve, and what does it mean when it's inverted?","So the yield curve represents interest rates at different maturities. So usually, it's the case that a longer-term interest rate has a higher rate than a short-term interest rate. So think of a certificate of deposit at your bank. If you lock your money up for five years, you expect to get a higher rate than, let's say, locking it up for six months.","But in certain rare situations, things get backwards, and it turns out that the long-term interest rate is lower than the short-term rate. And that's called an inverted yield curve. That's exactly the situation we've got right now. And it is a harbinger of bad news.","So unemployment is at a 50-year low. The GDP is growing. Does that have an effect on the yield curve?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The inverted yield curve is a bad sign for the economy.","questions":"What is the yield curve indicating?","answer":"backwards"}
{"text":["So these are two guys who get along really well, who see eye-to-eye on a lot of issues, and who are already just starting to generate a lot of enthusiasm that was, frankly, kind of lacking in parts of the Republican Party.","Do you know how this decision was made, why Mr.  Romney was so silent for so long and then finally said, OK, it's Paul Ryan?","Well, that's the way it typically works. But we do know that he was, up to the last minute, vetting a few possible options. And interestingly, these options are sort of often divided into two categories: The safe which is Tim Pawlenty of Minnesota, Rob Portman of Ohio, and then the bold, which might be Marco Rubio of Florida, Chris Christie of New Jersey. And Paul Ryan of Wisconsin is sort of in that bold category.","But, you know, the opposite of safe is bold. The opposite of safe can also be risky. And as excited as parts of the Republican base are about Paul Ryan, parts of the Democratic base are also really excited about being (technical difficulties) Romney, through proposals that Paul Ryan is made in the House that have been very controversial.","So he may add a little pizzazz to this campaign on both sides."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : To \"add a little pizzazz to this campaign on both sides\" means to make the campaign more interesting and engaging for both the Republican and Democratic parties.","questions":"How would you describe the effect of adding pizzazz to the campaign on both parties?","answer":"Pizzazz"}
{"text":["Delbert Spurlock thinks the troops are paying for decisions made by political leaders. He helped rebuild the Army under President Reagan as the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Manpower and Reserve Affairs. Today, he says the way troops are selected and prepared for service shows the U. S.  Army is broken.","Most importantly, it can no longer recruit and retain the caliber of young men and women who are necessary to carry out the functions which the Army is compelled by our policy-makers to deal with.","The Army itself really is not large enough to take care of the missions integral even to the War in Iraq. We have been forced in this conflict to rely on contract mercenaries, Blackwaters of the world. But our Army, for a century or more, has been, in whole, a moral force for good.","It's a deterrent force, and now it has lost the moral authority gained over a century."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"It's a deterrent force, and now it has lost the moral authority gained over a century\" implies that the U.S. Army has historically been seen as a moral force for good, but that recent actions or decisions have undermined this perception and led to a loss of moral authority.","questions":"How has the U.S. Army been perceived historically?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["Rubber-faced American was OK but, like, not all NPR executives are clowns.","We all think we're being so original, right?","That's true.","Exactly. So, what's happening, Murray?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : ) We all think we're being so original, right? (Implied meaning: We all think we're really creative and original, don't we?)","questions":"How does PersonB feel about their originality?","answer":"Creative"}
{"text":["Leading the tributes to President George H. W. Bush were several former presidents and the current president. President Trump said of Mr.  Bush, with sound judgment, common sense and unflappable leadership, he guided our nation and the world to a peaceful and victorious conclusion of the Cold War. President Bill Clinton, who defeated Mr.  Bush for the presidency in 1992, gave thanks for his great long life of service, love and friendship. Ron Elving, senior Washington correspondent, joins us. Ron, thanks so much for being with us.","Good to be with you, Scott.","He was the last of a different generation - sometimes called the greatest generation. He served in World War II, congressman, former U. S.  ambassador to China and the United Nations, director of the CIA, vice president and then after that finally president.","You know, when he first sought the Republican nomination in 1980, Scott, his TV ads called him, quote, \"a president we won't have to train,\" unquote. And that was a nod to all that preparation and experience he had had even before he was vice president."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : George H.W. Bush had a lot of preparation and experience for presidency","questions":"What was George H.W. Bush's background?","answer":"Diverse"}
{"text":["In Larry Nassar's statement to the court last year just before he was sentenced, he said he'd been impacted to his inner-most core by the testimony of his victims, including yourself. But he did not apologize. He was, though, sentenced to life in prison. Did you feel resolution walking away from that day?","You know, I did in the sense that Larry will never be able to hurt another child. And I take great comfort in that. That being said, Larry was a symptom of the problem. And that's something, again, that I really wanted to dig into in the book. Larry didn't just magically appear as one of the most prolific predators in campus history, in sports history and in history in general. He didn't magically appear that way. He was enabled and sheltered by powerful organizations, by law enforcement agencies that mishandled or refused to investigate reports of sexual misconduct. And so while we were able to stop Larry, what really remains to be done and the work that has just begun is dealing with the institutions and the dynamics that left him in power.","Rachael Denhollander is an activist and former gymnast. Her book \"What Is A Girl Worth?\"and her children's book \"How Much Is A Little Girl Worth?\"are out now. Rachael, thank you so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Impacted to the \"inner-most core\" is not literally. It's not the core of his body, it just means that it affected him greatly.","questions":"Which part of Larry Nassar's statement impacted him greatly?","answer":"Inner"}
{"text":["Yeah, South Korea, the Netherlands. We played, you know, the reigning champs, Serbia, and we also played Turkey. So yeah. Yeah, we had a good four games of full play.","I understand the French team looks strong.","They are strong. They're very good. There's a lot of good teams here. I mean, this is the highest level of 3x3 in the - 3 on 3 (ph) basketball there is around the world.","Do you feel you're kind of in on the ground floor of a sport that's going to become more popular around the world?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 3x3 basketball is highly competitive with many skilled teams","questions":"What is the highest level of basketball played in 3 on 3 format?","answer":"3x3"}
{"text":["You've got videos being produces on one. And you've got TI and Grand Hustle and Will Packer and people making movies and trying to bring them here to be shot, in addition to Tyler Perry. I mean, you got music being produced, but also these musicians, you know, taking advantage of each medium, you know, film, TV, writing songs for a commercial.","You know, Toni Braxton, here, in Las Vegas when she gets healthy again. These people are still staying here but doing things across the globe now. And you know, people were upset and concerned LaFace closed in - what was it?2000, now?Now, you look at the charts and I would bet you that ten of the top 25 R&B artists are either from - R&B, people on the R&B charts, are either from Atlanta or produced by an Atlantan.","Same for the rap charts and also pop. I mean, you said that this is a city that has an impact on black music. You know, Atlanta has made black music popular music. These are artists that are on the Hot 100, the biggest songs in the country. So, I am very hopeful.","Dee Dee, same thing."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Atlanta has contributed significantly to the music industry.","questions":"What city has made black music popular music?","answer":"Atlanta"}
{"text":["So about a year ago, they were ousted by the Ethiopian invasion. And since then, there has been a gorilla war that's been going on that has left most of Somalia in constant turmoil.","Is it a forgotten crisis?","I'd say yes, for the most part, that it is. And it's forgotten at least in the United States because there is not the direct involvement of U. S.  troops. There is indirect U. S.  involvement, absolutely. But the \u2014 but when the, you notice very often in the U. S.  media that when no one from the United States is dying, a situation is not declared to be a crisis. And so in Somalia, it's the people of Somalia, as well as Ethiopian troops, that are dying, and therefore it's not on our screen.","One more thing about Somalia before we move on, talking about a split there, potential split. The Bush administration and some members of Congress are considering whether to recognize Somaliland. Tell us about that, and what concerns do you have?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation in Somalia is not receiving the attention it deserves.","questions":"What is the reason behind the lack of attention towards the situation in Somalia?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["So is this new policy on Iran loud huffing and puffing or a strong and proportionate response?Well, for one view on it, we are joined by Suzanne Maloney. She was an adviser to the State Department on Iran issues during the George W.  Bush administration, and she is now with the Brookings Institution. Welcome.","Thank you.","So we heard the president say that these sanctions are going to deny access to key financial resources from the senior leaders of Iran. Do you have a sense of what exactly the sanctions are going to do?","I think that may be a bit of an overstatement about denying key economic resources to the Islamic Republic of Iran. Iran is already heavily sanctioned. In fact, many of the organizations and institutions that are associated with the Office of the Supreme Leader that were highlighted in today's announcement have already been subject to American sanctions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The sanctions may not be as effective as the president suggests.","questions":"Which word describes the effectiveness of the new sanctions on Iran?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["About 50% of my business was China 'cause I focused on that sector of the business.","And now what proportion of your business - what proportion of your lobsters go to China?","Zero. I can't sell a lobster to China. I can't compete with Canadians.","So you have lost half of your business."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Despite having a large market potential, the Chinese market is difficult to penetrate due to competition from Canadian suppliers.","questions":"Which market is difficult to penetrate for selling lobsters due to competition from Canadian suppliers?","answer":"Lobsters"}
{"text":["Is there a danger of South Koreans becoming too complacent?","I think that they do talk about that. But there's also reality, which is when you have this incredibly materialistic society, it's literally a, you know, (speaking Korean) style (speaking Korean) land, then, you know, the reality of this war with this nation under Kim Jong Un kind of doesn't strike anyone as a realistic thing. And, yes, there is a danger to it. But at the same time, life does go on. And life is a very, very, very fast and active one in South Korea.","So we've been talking about war. What about peace?Do the South Koreans even think about the possibility of detente anymore, the possibility of the border reopening?","I mean, I think the issue of one Korea reunification is one of those politically manipulated one. You know, the left parties used it. The right has used it, certainly, in South Korea. So it's almost like this sort of symbol whenever they need to use sort of national security in order to unite people or get their agenda across. So it's almost become a tired one, where everyone - if you were to talk to them and you interview South Koreans, they'll all say, reunification is necessary. Do they want it?They would pause. Do they want to pay for 25 million North Koreans?Do they want refugees?They don't really want that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is expressing concern about South Koreans becoming too comfortable and not taking the threat of war seriously.","questions":"Which threat is the speaker worried that South Koreans might not be taking seriously?","answer":"War"}
{"text":["He was very cordial. He shook my hand. He gave me the Klan handshake. He didn't know that I knew it was the Klan handshake, but he did give it to me. If you shake a person's hand and you extend your index and middle finger along their wrist - and as you pumping their hand, you start pressing your fingers in their wrist area. It's the Klan handshake.","The question that you wind up wrestling with, I think at the end of the book, is - well, let me put it this way - that the Klan and David Duke specifically are hateful and jerks is beyond dispute. You don't wind up with a lot of regard for their intelligence, which raises the question, how dangerous are they?","Very. When I say they are not the brightest, they were not the brightest light bulbs in the socket. The people I was dealing with were not. David Duke, in spite of his having - at that time, he had a master's degree in political science from Louisiana State University. I merely had a high school education and about 12 hours of college credit. So the very fact that he was being conned by somebody with a lower degree of education than him, I'll admit, I got a particular thrill out of that. But let nobody who reads my book think that these people because they weren't the brightest light bulbs in the socket were not and are not dangerous. They were very serious.","What do you think you learned about the KKK and racism and bigotry during those months?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The KKK is dangerous despite not being intelligent.","questions":"Which group is considered dangerous despite not being intelligent?","answer":"KKK"}
{"text":["How close is it?","It's about three parsecs away, about 12 light-years away, something like that.","So if there is intelligent life on that planet, and I'm just speculating here, it would be possible to communicate with them in real time almost, right, a lifetime, at least one person's lifetime if they could signal back and forth in 12 light-years?","Well, and that's the reason that studying these nearest stars is so interesting. If you have a chance of contacting any intelligent beings on these things, you could have a two-way conversation easily within a lifetime around these nearest stars."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Studying the nearest stars is interesting because it increases the chances of contacting intelligent beings","questions":"Which beings increase the interest in studying the nearest stars?","answer":"intelligent"}
{"text":["Oh, I'm glad to be here.","So what's wrong with the research that said he had a special brain?","A couple of things. One is what we call confirmation bias, and that's basically saying what we all know - that if you really want to find something, if you look for it long enough, you will. So, for example, in the papers that claim the external shape of Einstein's brain was different. They start out with a fairly vague notion of what his cognitive specialties were and then go poking around in his brain until they find something - anything that sort of conforms to their previous expectations.","Was part of the problem that they knew it was Einstein's brain, and therefore they were predisposed to see things?","Exactly right, exactly right. It's rather like seeing faces or shapes in clouds. Those shapes really aren't in the clouds. They're in your mind.","Forgive me - what amounts to a philosophical question - why have we been fascinated by Einstein's brain matter over the years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Those shapes really aren't in the clouds. They're in your mind.\" - The literal meaning is that the shapes seen in clouds are not physically present in them but are perceived by the viewer's mind. The actual meaning is that people may project their own interpretations onto ambiguous stimuli, such as cloud formations, and see patterns or images that are not objectively there.","questions":"Which sense can people project onto ambiguous stimuli?","answer":"Interpretations"}
{"text":["So what I did was incorporate the superhero, but have them have HIV in real life situations, if the person were to have it. So they would have the same illnesses, the same sicknesses, and even some of the characters may die from AIDS or something like that.","So, the book really shows you - I have in one scene where you see one of the characters is about to have sexual relations with a woman, and he - I show a condom. I talk about. . .","Robert, I'm sorry. We have to wrap it up here. There's so much to talk about. . .","I'm sorry for that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Discussing the use of condoms during sexual relations in the book.","questions":"Which book discusses safe sex practices during sexual relations?","answer":"Book"}
{"text":["Did you think twice?","I said - well, I didn't think - well, I said, sure, and I held it to the ground. And then I thought, this is not exactly what I signed up for, but, you know, you need to pitch in a little bit in these circumstances.","For a disease, a virus to spill over, is it just a matter of coming in contact with the right animal?Is it just chance, or does there have to be something special about the virus itself to be able to infect multiple species?","Well, some kinds of virus, yes, are better at this than others. And the scientists who watch the world for the next spillover are particularly vigilant about single-stranded RNA viruses, as distinct from DNA viruses that carry their genomes on the good old, stable double helix. RNA viruses, when they replicate, mutate more frequently. Therefore, there's more change. There's more genetic variation in the populations of those viruses. They replicate very abundantly, so their populations are large."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A agreed to do something but later realized it wasn't what they wanted","questions":"How did PersonA feel about what they agreed to do initially?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["So Beijing has basically made an offer to the people of Hong Kong that if they're willing to give up on dreams of greater democracy, they can be part of China's amazing economic rise, and they have offered them more integration with the kind of boom cities on the other side of the border in the mainland. The problem is that again and again and very dramatically over this extradition bill, the people of Hong Kong have said, no. They do not want that trade off. They actually are willing to protest and fight hard to maintain those freedoms that they still have.","So it's not even as though these protesters in Hong Kong are fighting for additional freedom. They're just saying we want to keep things the way they are. We don't want to see an erosion of the freedoms we do have.","That's right. I think it's important to be realistic. I mean, this has been an absolutely extraordinary - at times, very moving - protest by over a million people - overwhelmingly peaceful, very civic-minded, lots of different generations coming together. That's a fantastic thing and utterly unthinkable where I'm sitting in Beijing on the mainland - could never happen. But they are not about to get more democracy. They're not even about to get more freedoms. This is a defensive set of protests to keep what they have.","Interesting that you point out this would be very, very unlikely to happen in China. It makes me wonder, do the protests in Hong Kong pose any threat to China's leadership, to President Xi Jinping, to the Chinese Communist Party?Are they worried about this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The protesters in Hong Kong are fighting to maintain their current level of freedom, not to gain more freedom.","questions":"How are the protesters in Hong Kong fighting?","answer":"maintain"}
{"text":["Credit's a basic input, just like fertilizer or fuel or labor. Farmers here need credit to be able to buy their fertilizer, number one, which is much more expensive than it used to be. Seeds, pesticides, everything - to have money to pay your employees every month. And so, when credit's delayed or not available, especially on fertilizer, it gets very complicated to be able to raise a crop. Nobody in modern agriculture can farm without credit.","And what's your credit situation like right now?","I have credit, but it was delayed. I've never had trouble getting credit here in Brazil. I've always paid my bills, and so credit's available for me. But this year, the credit promises were made, but then the credit wasn't going to arrive until it was too late to order the fertilizer and actually work out the logistics of receiving it. And so it's changed my plans a lot this year.","And timing is really essential for farmers. So, how is that going to play out there with your 2000 acres of soy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Farmers need credit to buy expensive inputs like fertilizer.","questions":"What is one of the most expensive inputs that farmers need credit to buy?","answer":"fertilizer"}
{"text":["What do you mean it knocked the - 'cause I always think of the bottled water market as being quite new.","Well, it's ironic. There was a big bottled water market in the U. S.  late 19th, early 20th century. It was basically seen as healthier, better for you. And this newfangled chlorination essentially made water really safe to drink for the first time, in some respects, ever. And as a result, tap water became a newfangled thing, which is very ironic, considering the reputation today of bottled water versus tap water.","Yeah. Why did bottled water become popular again?","So, it was popular to a certain extent throughout the 1930s, 1940s, 1950s. Bottled water in the sort of single serve and liter size that we think of really was a niche market in restaurants until the late 1970s. And Perrier really for the very first time put a lot of money into their marketing budget and they got very lucky with their timing, 'cause it coincided with the fitness craze. I mean, think about it. Jane Fonda and aerobics. And what happens to really push it long is that Nestle ends up getting in the act with Perrier; Coke launches Dasani; Pepsi launches Aquafina. And now all of the sudden what you have is mass distribution channels. Today - get this - per second on average, 1,500 bottles of water are being opened nationwide."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : So, it was popular to a certain extent throughout the 1930s, 1940s, 1950s. Bottled water in the sort of single serve and liter size that we think of really was a niche market in restaurants until the late 1970s. And Perrier really for the very first time put a lot of money into their marketing budget and they got very lucky with their timing, 'cause it coincided with the fitness craze. I mean, think about it. Jane Fonda and aerobics. And what happens to really push it along is that Nestle ends up getting in the act with Perrier; Coke launches Dasani; Pepsi launches Aquafina. And now all of a sudden what you have is mass distribution channels. Today - get this - per second on average, 1,500 bottles of water are being opened nationwide.","questions":"What triggered the mass distribution of bottled water?","answer":"Marketing"}
{"text":["Excuse me.","Present company excepted, of course.","All right, all right, OK, yeah.","But he constantly breaks his own maxim. It's huge fun."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is excluding the people currently present from the criticism they are about to make. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is making a sarcastic remark and implying that the people present are also guilty of the behavior they are criticizing.","questions":"Which behavior is being criticized in the dialogue?","answer":"Behavior"}
{"text":["OK, well, now there's criticism that these short-sellers may be contributing to the funny business in terms of, you know, driving prices down for these big investment banks.","You know, there's a ton of funds out there. There's a lot of cash out there. If the short-sellers are really driving prices to the point where stocks and companies are mispriced, there should be the countervailing, hey, this is a bargain, let's rush in and buy it. That hasn't happened, and in fact, if you look at the companies that have gone belly up in the past year, every one of them was either insolvent or had some major problem. Again, the short-sellers are the one who identified this.","Hm. Well, also, in some of those banks, you have traders, actually, you know - have what is the accusation out there that they contributed to the problem by short-selling these derivatives and by driving prices down across the board.","Well, there's two issues. One is short-selling in general, and then the other issue is naked short-selling, which - I'll give you the real short version of it. When you short-sell, you're doing the opposite of buying. You borrow stock and you sell it, and you hope to buy it cheaper and return it. Short-selling is legal. Naked short-selling has been illegal for many years. The only reason we have so much of it is the SEC has not enforced the rules against it, because there was a ton of money made by the biggest brokerage firms."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : ton of funds implies a larger quantities or amount of fund s","questions":"What is the accusation against traders in some banks?","answer":"undervalue"}
{"text":["(Reading) It should be pointed out that the Runyon Street homicides remain under active investigation. This office dismissed the case against Sanford because we were unable to retry the case. This dismissal is not the same as exoneration. It must be emphasized that Vincent Smothers has had several opportunities to testify under oath to exonerate Sanford but each time has refused.","So how do you respond to that?","It's hard to know what to make of that statement. My first response is that the attorney general - so the top prosecutor of the state of Michigan - has found that Davontae Sanford is innocent and has accepted that fact and agreed to award him over $400,000 in compensation. Vincent Smothers has declared that he is guilty and has said in a sworn affidavit that Davontae Sanford had nothing to do with it. My understanding is that none of the people to whom Smothers pointed have been prosecuted or indeed will be prosecuted by Kym Worthy.","Every now and then over the years, I've talked to prosecutors about exoneration cases. And they often say, look, they were legally convicted by a jury. The conviction was upheld on appeal. You can't make the legal system work if it's vulnerable to people showing up years after the fact sometimes, changing their testimony or even confessing - because that can be problematic."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Prosecutors sometimes prioritize finality over justice, even when faced with new evidence.","questions":"How do prosecutors prioritize?","answer":"finality"}
{"text":["How concerned are you, if at all, about the fact that the changes will now mean that the president, the head of the party, George Bush, will not be attending the convention, not be giving an address as he was scheduled to tonight, nor will Dick Cheney?","Well, I'm, you know, I was kind of halting between two opinions about that, whether the president would be there. I don't think that that would change very much. Of course, if you noticed, the president has not been very, very involved in the campaign of Senator McCain so far as public appearances. So that - and of course, that cemented my decision not to go, because when the president and the vice president was going to go, you know - and I feel that I have an obligation to the citizens that I serve as a committee person to be back home. The whole team didn't need to go.","Had the president and vice president gone, are you saying you would have gone then in that instance?","It would have been - in other words, the decision for me would have probably been harder for me to make the decision. But it was easy knowing that President Bush wasn't going to go."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker did not want to go to the convention even if the president and the vice president were going to attend.","questions":"How did the PersonA's decision change if the president and vice president attended the convention?","answer":"Harder"}
{"text":["Yeah.","That's unbelievable and 27 of them three-pointers.","Yeah.","That's fantastic. As you looked around, though, people might say, don't your teammates get a little jealous?Might they want to take a shot every once in a while?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Take a shot means have a try in this context, not actually shoot someone","questions":"Which word has a different meaning in this context?","answer":"Different"}
{"text":["FLDS has been accused of forcing underage girls to marry adult men. For more, we turned to Salt Lake Tribune reporter Brooke Adams, and, Brooke, many people likely remember this story. Hundreds of children were removed from the ranch in April. And later on, they were returned to their family. When did that happen and why?","They were returned to their families in June - actually on June 2nd after first the Texas Court of Appeals and then the Texas Supreme Court ruled that a San Angelo judge didn't have enough evidence to hold all of them in custody.","And so they went back to their families. You wrote about a new report that was released just last week. There was a commission that reported on FLDS. What were some of their key findings?","The Texas Department of Family and Protective Services found that there were 12 young girls ranging in age from 12 to 15 who had been married to older men. It's unclear from the report whether all of those marriages took place at the ranch, but that's where they found the evidence for that. And of those 12 girls, seven of them have had children, which is interesting. The girls now range in age from 14 to 18, so many of them are still minors. The youngest of those girls, I will say, however, have not had children."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The courts did not have enough evidence to hold the children in custody.","questions":"Which court ruled that the San Angelo judge didn't have enough evidence to hold all of the children in custody?","answer":"texas"}
{"text":["Wow. So that must have even surprised the researchers, I imagine.","Yeah, well the big thing is nobody really has any even guess about how the brain is able to do this. They did some similar experiments where they weren't turning somebody's world upside-down, they were - they had goggles that reversed right and left. So everything that was on your right is suddenly on your left.","And again, the first few days were just madness from the point of view of somebody doing this. The whole world is reversed. But after a few days, the brain adjusted to it.","Amazing. And so when they took the goggles of him and he had to go back to the normal life, how long did that take?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The brain is capable of adjusting to unusual situations quickly.","questions":"How is the brain's adaptability to unusual situations?","answer":"Quick"}
{"text":["Yeah, it's light and it's very dark at the same time, yeah.","Well, that's what you go for or what?","Yeah, you got to have a little bit of - a little bit of an edge, I think.","You have a woman in a classical gown looking out over the sea coast in the moonlight holding a lantern. The caption - night after night she watches the sea, longing for her husband's departure (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  My experience with my level of confidence has been a bit of a roller coaster ride. I started out quite shy and timid, but over time I have been able to gain more and more confidence. I have found that the more I put myself out there and take risks, the more confident I become. I have been involved in activities such as public speaking, volunteering, and even starting my own business, which has all helped to boost my confidence. ","questions":"Which activity has helped to boost PersonA's confidence?","answer":"Volunteering"}
{"text":["How long do you think it would take you to build, and get operating, a system of the kinds of satellites that could deliver a significant amount of electrical power down to earth?","It might be quite a few years, maybe in 10 years. It's an enormous job. In fact, it's comparable in size to another moon landing and place a base on the moon. But it has a very significant output if we are successful.","Former NASA engineer, Glenn Smith, on his plan for space-based satellite collectors to beam solar power down to earth. Glenn, thank you.","OK, Alex. Good day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is for thanking the engineer for his plan, but the actual meaning is to show appreciation for the engineer's work.","questions":"What did PersonA say at the end of the conversation with B?","answer":"ok"}
{"text":["In the fall of 2017, Bowe Bergdahl was dishonorably discharged from the U. S.  Army for deserting his post in Afghanistan years earlier. His rank was reduced. He had to pay a fine, but he did avoid prison time. And on the day Bergdahl was sentenced, President Trump tweeted that his sentence was a, quote, \"complete and total disgrace. \"This wasn't the first time Trump had weighed in on the case. On the campaign trail, he had called Bergdahl a dirty, rotten traitor and said he should be executed for deserting.","Now, this week, a panel of military judges ruled that Trump's comments were evidence of what's called unlawful command influence. That's when someone higher up on the chain of command tries to influence the outcome of a military trial. Here to further explain unlawful command influence is Stephen Vladeck. He teaches military justice at the University of Texas School of Law. Welcome.","Thanks for having me.","So I should first mention that while these military judges did find evidence of unlawful command influence, they still declined to change Bergdahl's sentence in any way. Bergdahl still lost his appeal. That said, what were the specific comments from Trump that these judges took issue with?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Trump's tweet was an attempt to influence the outcome of the military trial","questions":"Which term describes the act of someone higher on the chain of command trying to influence the outcome of a military trial?","answer":"Influence"}
{"text":["So I - you either roll your eyes or you laugh at what politicians will do in support of their most fundamental instincts, which as I said is to preserve their own political viability.","It strikes me as not being all that different from what the Chinese badminton team did to try to get a better opponents in the next round.","Well, except there's one difference, right?The badminton team got thrown out of the Olympics. And in this one, if it works, you get elected to the U. S.  Senate.","It's also interesting, Senator McCaskill has said previously she's going to be much too busy campaigning to go to the Democratic National Convention to be photographed, presumably, with President Obama. She doesn't want to do that. I would think, now, congressman Akin may find himself much too busy to go to Tampa."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Suddenly they started talking about Chinese Badminton teams","questions":"What did Senator McCaskill say she would be too busy to do?","answer":"Photographed"}
{"text":["I think, at this point, the way to sanitize everything and start to rebuild confidence - and it's going to be difficult - is just for everybody to open up and say, look, here is where we are. Here are the assets that are still on our books. None of that stuff tends to panic people. There's a lot of bad news there, but people are smart enough to realize that, if they're not being told something, it's probably because the news is bad. And I think, once you just get it all out there, it would help quite a bit.","Henry, always great to talk to you.","You, too. Thank you so much for having me.","Henry Blodget is the CEO of the financial news site clusterstock. com."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is better to be transparent about the negative aspects.","questions":"What is the suggested approach for rebuilding confidence according to the speaker?","answer":"Open"}
{"text":["That's correct.",". . . Epstein's lawyers. OK, because I was asking about Epstein's lawyers.","Oh. Well, he - they aren't saying anything right now. They haven't seen the charges. So until they see the charges, I don't know how much they really want to say. They want to understand what they're up against to start with.","And so what are the lawyers for the victims saying?","Well, like I said, they were shocked, stunned. I don't think - I think that they suspected that something was happening with the Southern District of New York, which was investigating this and brought the charges. But I don't think they thought that it would happen this fast. I thought they thought it would be a very long process to try to get him. That's what makes me suspect that maybe they have a very good witness on their side."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"they were shocked, stunned\" implies they were surprised in a negative way.","questions":"What was the emotional response of the victims' lawyers?","answer":"Stunned"}
{"text":["So is a bagel just a bialy with a hole in the middle?","It's very different, and the origins of the bagel are somewhat mysterious. There's a lot of folklore around it and variable legends about how the bagel came to exist. But I have decided that we will never know.","Well, it's one of the great mysteries of life, think of it that way. What made the bagel leap from being just kind of New York street food, you know, or maybe Sunday brunch food, across the country?","So it was really, I think, the Lenders brothers, and Lender's bagels are what I grew up in. I grew up outside of Detroit, Michigan, and I thought they were the greatest thing ever. Like you would get six of them in a little plastic tube. And now, like when I think, the taste was awful, but they were early adopters of refrigeration technology."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is saying that the taste of the bagels was not good, but they were an early adopter of technology, which helped make it popular.","questions":"What was the reason for the popularity of Lender's bagels?","answer":"Technology"}
{"text":["The premise is that I guess people step into his life when they step into his cab. And he doesn't want to get involved but has to, right?","That's it. I mean, he's abiding maximum life, as it should be with all cabdrivers. I mean, come on. It's please don't get involved with your customers because it can only end in tears. (Laughter).","Will.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) is a short form of \"I will,\" meaning \"I understand,\" indicating agreement with the speaker's sentiment.","questions":"What is the meaning of turn 2?","answer":"Agreement"}
{"text":["Oh, I think these were real friendships. It is pretty clear that Mr.  Epstein and Mr.  Trump socialized in the same circles. And it is quite clear that Mr.  Clinton spent a lot of time on Jeffrey Epstein's private jet, found his way to Epstein's private island. And that doesn't necessarily mean that anything illegal or improper took place.","But those were friendships. This was not people meeting each other in a greeting line. They spent a certain amount of time together as social acquaintances and friends, and so, for that matter, did many other people. His political contributions have been mostly on the Democratic side, but they tapered off or stopped completely when he found himself in hot water in South Florida.","How did Jeffrey Epstein's political profile influence his prosecution?Are these the questions that are being raised now?","They are being raised now. And I think, rather than it being his political profile, I think it was mostly a case of him having money to burn and having all sorts of resources to throw at a dream team of lawyers who were able to essentially dictate the terms to the U. S.  attorney's office when it appeared that he was going to be charged in a federal indictment. We have seen a number of emails which suggest that what Mr.  Epstein wanted he was able to get from prosecutors."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : money to burn implies being able to spend money as desired and unnecessarily. ","questions":"What does Mr. Epstein's financial situation suggest about his ability to spend money?","answer":"Burn."}
{"text":["Well, that's definitely, you know, kind of a hip-hop beat, you know, club beat. What's the music like?","Man, the music, this thing, the box set that I ended up receiving, the music is unbelievable. And that's been part of also this hype that you talked about, too, Farai. Like, how come this game is so popular?Well, you know, they have some of the best musicians, some great independent artists that are on air. So the music soundtrack that you play, you are driving a lot throughout the game, so you can change stations. You can change genres, and so you're discovering new artists and you're listening to some of your favorite artists. And the music soundtrack of this thing is scored like a movie.","I mean, this development cost about a 100 million dollars to develop this game. So this is really showing a monumental shift in the amount of money being allocated to even develop a game. We really haven't heard of numbers this high before. But we're talking about a video-game industry that rakes in about 18 billion dollars a year. So it's not a small industry.","Wow, well, speaking of billions of dollars, they came. They asked. They got a no. We are talking about Microsoft's 44. 6-billion-dollar offer to buy Yahoo!, and Yahoo!said nener nener (ph), and cut an ad deal with Google instead. So, should Yahoo!have taken the offer?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The video game industry is worth a lot of money.","questions":"Which industry?","answer":"video-game"}
{"text":["Well, Bill Kristol is also a friend of mine. And I think one of the things that is very difficult when you are - he very intensely support - committed McCain supporter. We all have things we would like the election to be about. And Bill, very understandably, would like the election to be about, thank you, Senator McCain, for being right about the surge, as indeed he was right about the surge.","Unfortunately, the voters get to decide what it's about. And from their point of view, it's about financial collapse. And John McCain has never had a consistent message about that. It's way too late now. I mean, that's kind of what you have to do a year before, but that was not a set of issues that interested him. His economic message has never been strong. It's shifted a lot, and so it has been difficult to convey.","I think, at this point, yeah, McCain can talk certainly about national security and how he was right about these issues. It's hard to imagine that when 401Ks are down by 40 percent, when house values in many places are down by 20 percent and more, what voters are going to say other than - well, we'll build a statue to you for the surge, but that doesn't make you entitled to be president.","David Frum is a conservative political writer, a fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, speaking with us again from Washington. David, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : John McCain's economic message is weak and inconsistent.","questions":"How would you describe John McCain's economic message?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["I, Karen Bass. . .","In May, Bass was sworn in as the first black female speaker of California's Assembly. That post has been called the second most powerful in the state behind the governor.","I recently asked Speaker Bass how she's dealing with her rise in profile and her new level of responsibility.","I felt definitely overwhelmed. But, you know, since May, or really since the election in February, I've just had a tremendous amount of support and welcome and good will. So I'm very excited about serving in the role.","You are someone who has certain interests that particularly are important to you. Foster care is one of them. Tell me about foster care."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Speaker Bass's post is the second most powerful position in California, behind the governor.","questions":"What position has been called the second most powerful in California?","answer":"Speaker"}
{"text":["I was wondering if we should do - or if such a thing exists, that human microbe projects, like the Human Genome Project.","Yes, there are a variety of types of human microbe projects at this point. So there are two gut projects right now that aim to characterize difference in gut microbes of people around the world. One of those in American Gut and is uBiome. And both of those projects, people can either donate or pay money to have their gut microbes sequenced.","And when they do, they can see what they have, and the scientists are going to see how that relates to what we know. And so in a way that's a beginning step. But what I think we kind of hope for is to have something akin to Mendelian genetics, where we can predict, you know, why you have a specific set of microbes and microbe genes. But we're very far from that still.","In the 30 seconds we have left, how can people get involved if they want their own microbes sampled and surveyed?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Understanding and predicting human microbe genetics is still a long way off.","questions":"What is the ultimate goal of the Human Genome Project?","answer":"Prediction"}
{"text":["If you thought the fight over the FBI's Russia investigation couldn't get any more contentious, this past week, of course, it did. The White House has refused to declassify a competing Democratic memo that challenges claims made by the Republicans alleging bias and abuse in the FBI. President Trump had given the OK to release the GOP memo. Both documents are products of infighting within the House intelligence committee. Jamil Jaffer was a lawyer in the White House under President George W.  Bush. And he was senior counsel to the House intel committee. He joins us from Colorado today. Welcome to the program.","Thanks. Good to be here, Lulu.","You've called this a, quote, \"massive strategic miscalculation on the part of the White House. \"Why?","Look. I mean, part of the challenge here is the president is alleging that there was massive corruption at the FBI, at the Justice Department - an attempt to engage in political surveillance. And by allowing one side's memo to come out - the House Republicans' memo to come out - without releasing the House Democrats' memo, it plays into that partisan narrative. And as a result, it discredits the ability to make the point that there was - whether there was or was not, in fact, problems with the FBI."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It would suggest that the documents were physically produced as a result of infighting. However, the intended meaning is that the documents were created due to disagreements or conflicts within the House intelligence committee.","questions":"Which committee has infighting resulting in the production of documents?","answer":"Intelligence."}
{"text":["So they're very competent, very professional and, quite frankly, surprisingly good. You know, we've had a tendency in this country to sort of dismiss North Korea as a backward country. But it's not. In the nuclear arena, there are two paths to the bomb. One is the plutonium path. They showed me all of that in 2004 - not very fancy but good enough. And then in 2010, they actually showed me centrifuge facility. That was simply astounding. It was a modern facility, and it was remarkable for them to have that.","One of the goals of these potential talks is the denuclearization of North Korea. Given they've got such capabilities, how likely is it to happen?","Well, first of all, I think it's not very likely to happen. What's significant in the current situation is they've actually said that they would be willing to give up nuclear weapons, you know, if their security is assured, and they're not threatened. However, to think that's going to happen in the short term is just not realistic because to build a nuclear weapons program, it's an enormous number of facilities. It's a large number of people. It took, well, more or less 50 years but particularly the last 25 years to get to where they are today. They're not going to turn that over overnight.","Well, short of full denuclearization, what other steps could North Korea take to prove, you know, its sincerity in this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : North Korea is not as backward as we tend to believe.","questions":"What is remarkable about North Korea's centrifuge facility?","answer":"Facility"}
{"text":["The real problem is not Donald Trump - seven and a half years of Barack Obama and his agenda. Clear thinking people - and I'm talking about people who are in the middle, not people that are really burrowed in and would never, ever be a Democrat or never ever be a Republican - are looking at it and they're saying, is my life better?Is our country stronger?Do we have a strong standing in the world?Is this economy recovering?Is it a dynamic and robust economy?","Because we know without a dynamic and robust economy, all the other talk is just talk. We've got to have people back to work. We've got to have people looking forward to getting up in the morning and going to work. We got to have people that feel that America really is the leader of the world.","And I just am saying to my Republican friends, look, I get it. I understand that there's certain things that he's said that really you can't ever look that way, but take a look. We're still months away from the election.","Mr.  Kelly, if you were advising Donald Trump - and, you know, he might hear this - is there some magic sentence that he could come up with that would - that would help heal things over?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Mr. Kelly is suggesting to his Republican friends to give Donald Trump a chance and to wait and see what happens before making a judgement.","questions":"How is Mr. Kelly advising his Republican friends regarding Donald Trump?","answer":"Wait"}
{"text":["Part of the problem is a shortage of funds. The other problem is here in Lebanon, the government has a very strict rule on refugee settlements - nothing permanent. So, the only thing that you can have is plastic and wood, and that means that families live on dirt floors. Now, aid workers have been working around the clock to deliver thermal blankets and extra food. But the snow closed off some of these mountain roads over the past few days, so many refugees are out of reach until this storm passes.","Let's go back to that seizure of a warehouse of supplies by Islamist rebels, 'cause that certainly seemed to change U. S.  policy. How did that wind up changing Western policy?","Well, the seizure happened last Friday - details are a little hazy. But fighters from some of Syria's most powerful Islamist brigades took over this warehouse. There was more than a million dollars of U. S. -supplied equipment there. According to a U. S.  State Department official, it included nine pickup trucks, four buses, office and communication equipment and 50,000 meals ready to eat - army rations. All of this was intended for the Western-backed Free Syrian Army under the command of General Salim Idris.","Does the fact that the rebels were able to take control of a supply storehouse suggest that this was a huge loss for the Free Syrian Army, which is even further set them back on their heels."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The situation is more dire than what is being reported, as the resources available are not able to meet the needs of the refugees.","questions":"What is one reason why refugees are forced to live on dirt floors according to A?","answer":"Funds"}
{"text":["Yeah. The O'Neal family says that it shows cold-blooded murder. There is certainly rough language. I saw about nine minutes of one video. I think a lot of civilians might - it's a confusing thing to see. It's a - it's a crime scene after all, and it begins with the police car being sideswiped by a car stolen by the young man. At least one officer thought he'd been shot at.","Right. And it is - it is, among other things - first of all, you do not see the shooting of the 18-year-old because the officer who did the shooting, the fatal shooting, which was a gunshot to the back, was not his - his personal camera, body camera, was not turned on for whatever reason. But you see the vantage point of nine cameras, some worn by police officers, some on the dash boards of the car. And what you see is the kind of adrenaline and mayhem of police officers trying to corner a suspect.","And so when you finally do see Paul O'Neal, he is on the ground, face down. He's being handcuffed. Blood is coming out of his back. An officer has a foot on one of his legs as if to restrain him. And there's confusion because police are saying to each other, did you shoot?Were you shot at?And so there is a kind of mayhem quality.","In the time we have left, police and others have suggested that some of this, once again, an increase in homicide is because many gang leaders have been jailed or killed. How does that follow?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase \"cold-blooded murder\" implies that the act was done with a clear intention to kill, indicating that it was done without any emotion or hesitation.","questions":"Which phrase indicates that the act was done with a clear intention to kill?","answer":"Cold-blooded"}
{"text":["Yeah, it did. And when I left, I was so angry at them because I didn't understand. And it wasn't until many years later for me to be able to see where they're coming from.","(Singing) Times have really, really changed, changed.","It feels like the song \"Rebel\" is a little bit about you, too.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person singing the song is rebellious and the listener can relate to it","questions":"What song's theme does the PersonB relate to in the dialogue?","answer":"Rebel"}
{"text":["A clever grounds crew can mean a difference in close games, can't it?","Oh, definitely. Well a grounds crew can tailor the field in very small ways that might impact the outcome of the game. You know, gone are the days of legendary Kansas City groundskeeper George Toma and his ilk - the (unintelligible). They really would tailor the fields in unbelievable ways. They would tilt the foul lines in a certain way so that bunts wouldn't roll foul. They were harden the turf to make it more difficult for players to slide if they didn't want the opposing team to slide.","Nowadays, uniformity is really something that is mandated by Major League Baseball. But there are still small ways. I visited with Trevor Vance, who's the head groundskeeper for the Kansas City Royals. And this was during 2015 - the year they would ultimately win the World Series. And he talked about how he made the infield play very fast - you know, shorter grass - because they had young, athletic infielders. And they felt that that was an advantage for them because they knew that their guys could get to the ball. And the other team probably couldn't.","There's so much joy in your book. But I have to ask, are there bad memories, if not ghosts, at the New Orleans Superdome?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they have personal experience or knowledge related to the topic being discussed, and are subtly trying to convey their expertise without appearing arrogant.","questions":"What is the reason for the Kansas City Royals' head groundskeeper making the infield play very fast during the 2015 season?","answer":"Advantage"}
{"text":["You had to actually take the thing apart to change games.","Take out the battery and everything to change games.","That would be a drawback.","That's a drawback. And number two - they didn't have any games. There was, like, two games that were worth playing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"That's a drawback\" - The speaker is not referring to the fact that there were only two games worth playing as a drawback. Instead, they are adding to their previous statement by stating another drawback of the thing they are discussing.","questions":"Which statement is the speaker referring to when they say \"That's a drawback\"?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["A lot of people are very skeptical of the talks. The government, before even going to Geneva, voiced their concern that they're not going to Geneva to negotiate or deal. They just wanted to go to Geneva to make sure that the Houthis will comply when the U. N.  see a resolution. So to begin with, the political parties were in Geneva not to talk, not for dialogue, not to negotiate. They were there for blinking contests.","And what's the mood there in the capital?","A lot of people are depressed 'cause pretty much everybody was hoping that there's going to be some sort of a truce, especially now that it's the month of Ramadan. It is the holy month for four weeks where people fast. People - they don't actually have food to begin with. But it's a religious month where people fast, so we were hoping for some sort of a cease-fire, some sort of a truce where the blockade will be lifted so that the aid will come in, so that the commercial vessels now stuck at the seaports will be allowed to move in. Yemen imports 90 percent of its food, so we're in dire need of those commercial vessels to be allowed into the country. Unfortunately, the Geneva talks ended without the lifting of the blockade, without a truce being agreed upon.","We should explain to our listeners that blockade has been led by Saudi naval forces to keep weapons out of the hands of rebels. You have said that you're both anti-Houthi and anti-airstrikes. How do you solve one problem without the other?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) \"blinking contests\" - This phrase is a metaphorical way of describing a situation where neither side is willing to back down or concede to the other, creating a tense and unproductive atmosphere. It does not refer to an actual contest of blinking.","questions":"Which month is mentioned as a religious month for fasting in Yemen?","answer":"Ramadan"}
{"text":["I mean, anything that - any interest rate right now that's pegged to the federal funds rate, which is a key benchmark rate that many, many credit cards, many, many - some types of mortgages - but also many more types of short-term debts are pegged to, you can benefit a whole lot.","The problem is that if you're already in one of these homes, for example, that's - and you're underwater, meaning that you're house is worth less than the mortgage owner, and you've got poor credit or you don't have enough money or enough equity in the house to be able to refinance, then you're going to run it to a proper and you're not going to benefit.","Whether or not they - that helps the economy overall remains to be seen. I mean, the problem with economics statistics is that many times they lag by a couple of months. And so by the time you find out - by the time a recession is declared, you may have already been in one for about a month or two before you - before the rest of the country actually knows ,you know, some grand proclamation that comes from the Federal Reserve or some economists somewhere that we are in a recession.","We're going to talk a little bit more soon with a realtor in Ohio, your state, about the situation there. But last week, Countrywide Financial was subpoenaed by the attorney general of Florida. It's just one of a number of government agencies investigating the largest mortgage lender."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) To be underwater means to owe more money than the asset is worth.","questions":"What does being underwater mean?","answer":"Owe"}
{"text":["I think, at this point, the way to sanitize everything and start to rebuild confidence - and it's going to be difficult - is just for everybody to open up and say, look, here is where we are. Here are the assets that are still on our books. None of that stuff tends to panic people. There's a lot of bad news there, but people are smart enough to realize that, if they're not being told something, it's probably because the news is bad. And I think, once you just get it all out there, it would help quite a bit.","Henry, always great to talk to you.","You, too. Thank you so much for having me.","Henry Blodget is the CEO of the financial news site clusterstock. com."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being honest about the current situation can help restore confidence","questions":"What is the suggested way to restore confidence according to Henry?","answer":"Open"}
{"text":["And then I decided to come out. Now it's been going on several hours. I'm several streets away from the Champs-Elysees, Scott, but the people - it's like it's the second revolution coming because people are turning over - they're building barricades in the street. We're still - we've got helicopters overhead. They're still firing tear gas. And everyone around me is wearing a yellow vest.","Now, fuel prices have gone up - I have read, I think - 23 percent over the past year. And protesters blame the government for this.","Well, the government - the French pay some of the highest gas prices in the world, like, about more than $6 a gallon, Scott. And the government says it's going to raise the taxes again in January to finance the transition to an ecological economy - you know, more environmentally friendly fuels.","And, you know, for people who have to drive to work - blue-collar workers, just everyday people - this is outrageous. They say they can't make it anymore, so they've come out into the street. And, Scott, this movement has no leaders. There are no unions behind it. There are housewives. There are retirees - regular people. There are people who have never protested before. So it's turned into a movement. No one knows where it's going to go now."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The unemployment rate is expected to rise to 8 percent, which is a significant increase.","questions":"How much did fuel prices increase over the past year?","answer":"23"}
{"text":["And yeah. Like I said, the video can be used for good. And that's why I think the premise of body camera footage is good. But where problems emerge is when government officials and police officials push back against making that footage public because that's the whole reason. The reason is to bring transparency to police interactions. And if government officials push against that, it goes against the entire premise.","One of the very interesting points that you make in your book is that the federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades. I mean, you highlight a report that was commissioned by President Johnson, President Lyndon Johnson in 1967 in response to the Watts riots. And you said that it proposes really not so much an emphasis on technology but an emphasis on relationships, on communication and teaching police officers how to communicate better with the public, how to - it's more of like a - I don't know what word to use. Would you say humanistic approach?And. . .","Absolutely. That's a great word for it.","And that you say that there's - these kinds of - these techniques have never really been implemented because they were deemed to be too expensive. But you also point out that technology is expensive. The police departments spend a huge amount on these technologies that you say don't work. So what - my question to you is, why do you think these techniques have not gotten more traction?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual implicit meaning of the turn \"absolutely\" is agreement and affirmation.","questions":"What was the word used by PersonB to describe the approach highlighted in the report commissioned by President Johnson?","answer":"Humanistic"}
{"text":["Well, when it first was set up - it was set up to run international finance. And we had a very tightly regulated system of exchange rates and countries - if they wanted to change their exchange rate, had to get permission from the IMF. And so that was - I mean, that's a very powerful role. And this is all countries, this is not just poor countries. And that whole system collapsed in the early 1970s. But since then, as financial crises have proliferated, the IMF has stepped in as the principal emergency doctor for countries in trouble and it tries to figure out how the country has to change its behavior so that its finances get put on a more sustainable basis.","Where did it get its money?","The best way of thinking of the IMF is it's like a credit union that countries put deposits into the IMF, and then the IMF uses those deposits to help countries in trouble. And it's got about 400 billion of deposits and another 400 to 500 billion of borrowings. And that gives it close to a $1 trillion, which it can then apply to helping the poorer members who've got themselves into trouble.","You visited a couple of IMF missions - how popular are they in countries where they've taken a major role?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The best way of thinking of the IMF is it's like a credit union that countries put deposits into the IMF, and then the IMF uses those deposits to help countries in trouble. - Implied meaning: Countries provide deposits to the IMF which can be used to help other countries in need.","questions":"What is the purpose of the deposits countries provide to the IMF?","answer":"Help"}
{"text":["Right, but it was not my choice to be here. And this is what people forget. I applied for asylum in 27 different countries around the world, and it was the government, the United States government, then-Secretary John Kerry, that canceled my passport as I was leaving from Hong Kong en route to Ecuador. And this locked me in place.","I believe they panicked. And I think the reason that I'm in Russia today is because what we know - this was actually publicly reported in 2013. Every time one of these other countries, one that the United States public would be much more comfortable with - a France, a Norway, a Germany - one of two people would call the Foreign Ministry of that country. And it would be either Secretary of State John Kerry or then-Vice President Joe Biden.","The idea here is they would go, look; we understand that he has been charged with political crimes. This means you don't qualify for extradition, and you almost always do qualify for asylum protections. And the government - we know you can do this, but if you do, we want you to understand there will be a response. We're not going to say what it will be, but it will be severe because we don't want to see the public seeing this guy as a whistleblower, which the public then was coming around to do.","You say the U. S.  government panicked. Did the U. S.  government panic, or just they felt it was important to the national interest of the United States to make certain you - your movement was limited?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This made the person have to stay where they were at.","questions":"What was the reason for the person being stuck in one place?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["I never approached any of the essayists with ideas in mind in terms of what I wanted them to write about. I wanted them to speak to their own truth to whatever they felt was the most poignant experience for them. And that was it for Nada, and Nada wrote so honestly about what she'd experienced. And it was all tied as well into her own career. It wasn't just about losing Anthony. It was about how all of those different threads came together in her life - the Arab Spring.","And that takes me back to the idea of hopelessness because that's Nada's story. She felt that way, and she was speaking to her own truth. And some of the women have similar feelings about the region, where it's almost like, well, this is just - the losses are too steep.","We mentioned resiliency. Are there other themes that connect these essays?","I think identity is a big one. All of them definitely feel very strongly about where they come from. I tend to say there's this idea of a homeland - and it's quite poetic in the Arab world - where, I'm from here. I want to be telling the story. This is the truth of what's happening in my homeland."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : All the essayists feel strongly about their homeland and want to tell its story","questions":"Which aspect do all the essayists have a strong connection with?","answer":"Homeland"}
{"text":["Do you ever feel that way, you're just so tired of singing, but you know you have to because that song is so closely associated with who you are?","Well \"Band of Gold\" would be it, but by the time I get to the end of the show, and I'm coming back for that last encore\u2026","(Singing) Now that you're gone, all that's left is a band of gold\u2026","A lot of times, I will do \"Band of Gold,\" and as a matter of fact, I - and I find that it's a good thing because I see people in the audience just light up, like (unintelligible)\u2026"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of (3) is, A is expressing a feeling of sadness and nostalgia over the loss of a loved one.","questions":"What song does PersonA sing during the show?","answer":"Band-of-Gold"}
{"text":["An investigation by the U. S.  Park Police and the FBI found that Mr.  Foster committed suicide. We turn now to Joe Klein. He's a political columnist for Time magazine and, of course, author of \"Primary Colors,\" the 1996 bestseller that featured a charming, philandering rogue of a southern governor and his proud, smart and oft humiliated wife - wonder what inspired that. Is Bill Clinton's personal history a legitimate campaign issue?","No, I don't think so. I mean, we've been through this time and time and time and time again. And there's so many legitimate campaign issues out there. I think that it's kind of a way for Donald Trump to steal a new cycle, as they say these days. I do think that there's an interesting debate going on within the Democratic Party about Bill Clinton's substance of record in the '90s. But that's a different thing.","Tactically, do you see it as a wise campaign issue on Trump's part?","I think people are going to get tired of it. You know, this sort of stuff worked in the Republican primaries. I think that people are entertained by his antics. It remains to be seen whether people are going to vote on him. I mean, you have to understand that we've never seen a candidate like Donald Trump before."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Donald Trump is using Bill Clinton's personal history as a distraction from legitimate campaign issues","questions":"What is the U.S. Park Police and the FBI's conclusion about Mr. Foster's death?","answer":"Suicide"}
{"text":["In fact, no. My impression is that the fact that these asylum seekers and the poor conditions in which they lived became public, this is shameful and disgraceful for Hong Kong. And that is what makes them a target.","They're trying to get to Canada. And their association with Snowden may be creating problems there?","It's certainly possible. We completed all of their applications and requested urgent treatment because of their vulnerability in Hong Kong months ago. They initially told us that they were expediting the files. And then two months later, they said that they were not expediting the files. But they didn't say why. And this is why we've decided to go before the court to force the government to meet its commitment - one that our clients relied upon. And now they're at the 11th hour facing imminent detention and eventual inevitable deportation, and Canada is the last hope.","And what is your best guess as to what has prompted what seems like a change of heart on Canada's part?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : that the asylum seekers may be facing problems in their attempt to get to Canada, due to their association with Snowden.","questions":"Which association may be creating problems for the asylum seekers in their attempt to get to Canada?","answer":"Snowden"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. And. . .",". . . because the sound was different.","Yeah. And also, they - when they gave people different kinds of spoons, it affected what they thought about the food.","Oh, they've done all kinds of things. The spoon is actually a gigantic question, not necessarily important, but gigantic."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A implies that the impact of the spoon on people's perception of food is not significant but it is a curious question.","questions":"Which object is a gigantic question according to A?","answer":"Spoon"}
{"text":["One of the other things you mentioned in the book, among many, is that al-Qaeda might become the world's first terrorist nuclear power without possessing a single nuclear weapon. And I suppose the answer to that is in part what you just were describing.","It is. What's interesting is that the director of the Central Intelligence Agency has said that al-Qaeda is the CIA's top nuclear concern. Now that's a fascinating comment. Obviously, that assessment is based upon intentions rather than capabilities. Insofar as we know, al-Qaeda has no nuclear material, has no knowledge to put together a nuclear bomb, but it is the number one nuclear concern because it is believed that if it had a nuclear bomb, it would use it.","You know, it's been a number of years now, seven since the 9\/11 terrorist attacks. Two questions. First is, how did Americans view the threat of terrorism back then, and how do they see it now?And how effective have the agencies like the Department of Homeland Security been in preventing another terrorist attack?","Well, in terms of our perceptions of terrorism, terrorism has been a concern for a long time for Americans. But the concern would spike, of course, in the wake of some spectacular episode, you know. The sabotage of Pan Am 103 in 1988, or the destruction of the American Embassies in Africa in 1998, and then it would quickly diminish."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Al-Qaeda has no nuclear material, but they are the CIA's top nuclear concern.","questions":"Which organization is the CIPersonA's top nuclear concern?","answer":"Al-Qaeda"}
{"text":["OK.  Let's talk taxes. The latest GOP tax plan sailed through the House of Representatives this week. It's now in the Senate. What will be the greatest challenge there. Could it fail there, or is it likely to pass?They need a win.","Well, they already have - the Republicans already have some problems going on with even some of their most conservative members. So you've got Ron Johnson from Wisconsin who's already said, I won't vote for this bill in the way it stands. Someone like Susan Collins objects to the fact that the repeal of the individual mandate - the health care mandate - has been attached to this bill. So while it passed through the House pretty easily, the Senate is an incredibly different climate. You have people like Bob Corker and Jeff Flake who are a little bit of - you know, they're sticking in the craw of Republican leaderships because they're - you know, they're sort of doing. . .","Deficit hawks. Yeah.","Yes, exactly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Deficit hawks. Yeah.\" - The literal meaning is that Bob Corker and Jeff Flake are concerned about the deficit. The implied meaning is that they are causing issues for the Republican leadership because they may not support the tax plan if it adds to the deficit.","questions":"How are Bob Corker and Jeff Flake described by B?","answer":"Deficit"}
{"text":["But if a member of the Trump team before the election or after the election was talking to the Russians and saying, all right, we are - want to help you throw the election in our favor, is that illegal?I mean, that's what the implication is here essentially.","Actually, Russians telling Trump officials that they want to help in any way to throw the election would not necessarily be illegal. Now, what you look for then are whether the steps taken to fulfill that purpose are criminal. The crimes that get people in trouble in Washington are generally what happens after an event. You know, this is a city filled with A personality types. They tend to try to take control, and God knows, President Trump is the poster boy for that. That's where you get into trouble is when people make false statements to federal investigators or they obstruct an actual proceeding. But in terms of alleging collusion like it's a standalone crime, I am afraid that dog won't hunt.","That's Jonathan Turley. He's a law professor at George Washington University. Thanks so much.","It's my pleasure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"That's where you get into trouble is when people make false statements to federal investigators or they obstruct an actual proceeding.\"","questions":"Which type of action gets people in trouble in Washington?","answer":"Obstruction"}
{"text":["No, I was never asked. But I did offer in a made-for-TV. No, just kidding (laughter).","Even if you're not helping to prepare Hillary Clinton for the debate, would you give her any advice on how to - if I might put it this way - provoke Donald Trump?","Oh yeah, that's easy. Yeah, I mean, look, Donald Trump has got unlimited number of insecurities. But the No. 1 one thing, I would say, is his insecurity with his intellect. There's a reason why he always refers to where he went to college and, you know, that I'm a smart person.","You know, it may be narcissism. But I think it really reflects an insecurity. And if I was in a debate against him, I wouldn't do it all the time. But I'd pick my spots just to smile and shake my head, you know, and make sure he sees it because that will drive him nuts because it'll be just a passive-aggressive way to question his intellect."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Indicates that the speaker would use passive-aggressive tactics to undermine Donald Trump's confidence.","questions":"How would the speaker provoke Donald Trump?","answer":"Passive-aggressive"}
{"text":["She - of all the characters I've written, she's the only one who came to me sort of fully formed. At the start of the book, she's six years old. And to me, she's sort of this very curious, trusting, defiant young girl whose chief attribute is this kind of rebellion against unknowing. She wants to know as much as possible. And the central arc of the book is essentially her life and how her desire to know - her curiosity is sort of used against her during this war.","Sarat is forced to flee with her family, and she ends up in a vast refugee camp where she gets recruited, essentially. She becomes a weapon in this civil war, and she's kind of transformed by hate. She seems like she's not exactly a heroine that you'd read about in \"The Hunger Games\" but something rather darker.","Yeah. I didn't want to write a book with good guys and bad guys and a clear dividing line between them. The idea behind writing it when I first started had to do with the idea of the universality of revenge. There's no sort of foreign way of suffering - that any of us subjected to enough evil will become evil ourselves.","Is this a book about how someone becomes a terrorist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal interpretation of this question implies that the book focuses on the process of someone becoming a terrorist. However, the actual meaning is that the book explores how an individual, in this case the character Sarat, is forced into extreme circumstances that lead her to become involved in acts of violence during a civil war. The intent is not to justify terrorism but to examine the transformation and complex motivations behind such actions.","questions":"What is the intent of the book's exploration of Sarat's involvement in acts of violence during the civil war?","answer":"Exploration"}
{"text":["Thanks for being with us, Scott. The president, of course, was in Paris this week. He was president Macron's guest for Bastille Day. There'd been some attention in this country which would affix President Macron as somehow a different figure than President Trump. The two of them seemed to get on very well. There seemed genuine rapport.","That's right. I think if this improves relations, it certainly improved body language when it comes to President Trump in Europe. You know, there were so many images at the G-20 of Trump just looking isolated, big policy announcements put out by every country except the United States. So I think Macron sensed an opening here. He saw that Trump needs a friend, an ally, a wingman - whatever you want to call it - in Europe.","And Trump has a long track record of responding when people show him respect and welcome him. There's certainly nothing more welcoming than a big parade being put on, so this seemed to work. They seemed to get along. The question is, does this get Trump to shift on any of the key policy differences?Starting with climate change, where they could not be any further apart.","There was a phrase in the press conference where he said, well, maybe there will be something with the Paris accords, right?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Macron sensed an opening here. He saw that Trump needs a friend, an ally, a wingman - whatever you want to call it - in Europe.\" Implicated meaning: Macron recognized an opportunity to establish a closer relationship with Trump because Trump lacks strong support or alliances in Europe.","questions":"How did Macron view Trump's need for support in Europe?","answer":"Opening"}
{"text":["Few years ago, I was fortunate enough to address a convention of political cartoonists in the United States. And they kept pointing out, you know, we used to have a lot of people here. Now we're down to just a few dozen.","I know. And I've been to those conventions. And I'm actually a member of the board of the Association of American Cartoonists (ph). And I've been always struck by their pessimism (ph). But I'm still very positive about the genre. In this world of short attention span, the power of images has never been so big. And it's also a time when the media need to renew themselves.","But we must stop being afraid of offended people because the whole controversy that was triggered a month ago by that cartoon, I think it should have encouraged a discussion, explaining why this cartoon was wrong, how it's run, what is cartooning, and there was no space for that. I think The New York Times had to deal with a huge storm triggered by social media. We need to be able to withstand this and to go back to putting things into perspective.","Patrick Chappatte, editorial cartoonist, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The convention of political cartoonists in the United States has significantly decreased in attendance.","questions":"What did the political cartoonists point out during the convention?","answer":"Attendance"}
{"text":["Why they're talking about it is because they feel they have to talk about it. The government of Bangladesh wants the bulk of these people to return. They also would be feeling some domestic pressures in this area, as well. And the government of Burma, I think, is feeling some of the pressure from the international community and feels some need to be responsive. But the real story here is this is horrifying, this discussion, to be taking place right now, given the complete absence of measures in place to ensure safety and security upon return.","As I understand it, the Rohingya, according to this agreement, will be moved from the camps in Bangladesh to a camp in Myanmar where there could be security concerns.","Oh yeah, there are no safeguards in place. There - been no serious discussion of safeguards for return. You have to realize that we're talking about one of the greatest crimes in recent memory - massive abuses, forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of people in a matter of weeks.","There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N.  official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The situation is horrifying because no safety measures have been put in place for the return of the Rohingya.","questions":"Which group of people is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Rohingya"}
{"text":["Well, you know, performance is really one of making sure you understand and document what's expected of you in your given role. One of the mistakes I see many professionals make, minority or otherwise, is they don't document and understand really what's expected of them.","And so they go throughout the whole year performing at what they may thing is the optimum level, only to get to the end of the year and find out that they've missed a mark. They're not doing one-on-ones or meetings quarterly or monthly with their manager, and so it's really important that if, you're going to track your performance that you understand what's expected, but more importantly that you follow up to make sure that you're on course.","Now, you have these performance evaluations in some cases, and is that a 100 percent of your success?How much are we talking about?","Yeah, I'm a big believer that success in corporate America, that performance really accounts for 50 percent of that. And what I mean by that is if you go back to childhood, most of what we were taught as children was you are rewarded based on how well you performed."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"I'm a big believer that success in corporate America, that performance really accounts for 50 percent of that\" - The literal meaning is that performance is half of what determines success, but the actual meaning is that performance is important, but not the only factor, in determining success.","questions":"How much of success in corporate America does performance account for?","answer":"50%"}
{"text":["Yes. Britain put trade restrictions and taxes on tea being shipped to the colonies. And this led to everyone's favorite act of cultural appropriation and vandalism, the Boston Tea Party. But it also inspired a lesser-known tea party - the Edenton Tea Party in North Carolina. And what's remarkable about the Edenton Tea Party is that it was all women - possibly the first women-driven political protest in U. S.  history.","And I guess we can keep beating up on the British for just a moment here.","(Laughter) Why not?","The Brits were also behind the Opium Wars."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A humorous response indicating agreement with continuing to criticize the British.","questions":"How did PersonA respond to PersonB's suggestion to keep criticizing the British?","answer":"Laughter"}
{"text":["Well, the main thing is it's this stew of ingredients that really never quite come together right. We have people from all over the world who come here to visit and to party and it's a lot of them just to live or to get away from something. Then we have the fact that it's basically a swamp. I mean, I live in a swamp. Right now, we have an infestations of Burmese pythons, gigantic snakes, roaming around the Everglades, and it just never, ever calms down. down here.","You make it sound like it's a city that's been only nominally reclaimed from the wilds of swampland.","It hasn't been reclaimed. When I first moved here, the first day of my life as a homeowner in South Florida, I walked out onto my lawn to get the newspaper, and on my lawn were crabs. Like, not just a few but hundreds and hundreds of crabs, and they were not happy about me being there because it turns out it was crab mating season. And they were, like, waving their pinchers at me, like, angrily, like, I wanted to mate with their women. I didn't want their women. Their women are crabs, you know. But they didn't know that - or maybe they were bitter about that. I don't know. But I remember sprinting back into my house barefoot, afraid to go out and get the paper. I thought where I have I moved?I lived in Pennsylvania. We had crabgrass. But here we have crabs.","You really love Miami, don't you?You're from Pennsylvania, but you really love Miami."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : stew of ingredients implies that the people that live there come from varying backgrounds","questions":"Which kind of animals were roaming around the Everglades according to turn 0?","answer":"Pythons"}
{"text":["You know, you've been criticized on both sides of the aisle, as they say now. I think some scientists are saying: Why did you publish - why didn't you publish it in legitimate, peer-reviewed journals first?","Oh, we're following the - I mean, we're following the tradition of science, which is that you distribute this widely to your peers before you publish it. Jim Hansen does the same thing. He puts his papers online. This is a tradition in the field.","Peer review means you present results in a public forum, you distribute pre-prints. Most of my important papers were widely distributed to other scientists far before they appeared. It's the best kind of peer review.","And you challenge anyone to come up with a better explanation."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Oh, we're following the - I mean, we're following the tradition of science\" - The actual meaning is that the speaker is defending the decision to not publish in peer-reviewed journals by saying it is a common practice in the scientific community, even though it may not be the best practice.","questions":"How is the speaker justifying their decision to not publish in peer-reviewed journals?","answer":"Tradition"}
{"text":["I think that - you know I think that there a lot of lower pay guys who are, you know, for contracts who are taking - because in other words, you're getting it from somewhere, and this - the money that they're getting paid now is coming from last year. You know, that's what baseball does. I think we will see, next year, we'll begin to see the push back in terms of the long-term contracts, which contracts are taking a hit. But right now, as long as television is there and fans are, you know\u2026","Well, yeah, but are the fans going to be there?Because I'm hearing that the NFL, NBA, major league baseball fans, they're worried that - the clubs are worried because people - season ticket holders who keep thing - whole thing going they may not be re-upping the way they've been in the past.","And that's when you will see - you will see the effect of that next year. You know, right now, baseball is still going on in terms of the salaries. They're going on last year's income, which was record-setting. Now, if they've got a downturn at the turnstile, you were going to see it next year. This time next year, we could be talking about some serious, you know, shrinking, withdrawals, you know, there could be a couple of teams that aren't cutting it. And I'm talking about\u2026","That was danger."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : If they began to lose money steadily then they would change their pay.","questions":"Which turn implies that the clubs may not be able to re-up season ticket holders?","answer":"Second"}
{"text":["How does your - your vaccine has two parts. Walk me through them.","Well, the approach that has proven successful in our hands is to essentially deliver a one-two punch with our vaccine. We prime the immune system by using a genetic vector that delivers the hemagglutinin in isolation into the muscle.","Once that DNA is introduced into the muscle, it just makes the viral hemagglutinin and induces an immune response to it.","Let me jump in right here because this part I really want to understand. So you put DNA into our bodies, and then what happens exactly on the cellular level?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : one-two punch implies that the vaccine works through a series of actions to produce a result","questions":"Which phrase suggests that the vaccine has a multi-step process?","answer":"punch"}
{"text":["President Trump hired a personal attorney this week, presumably to give him advice about the Russian investigation. Are others in the White House lawyering up?","A lot of people. In fact, two sources told me this week Don McGahn is going to need a lawyer himself. He's likely to be a witness in whatever investigation there is moving forward in Russia. Even if these folks have no legal jeopardy, it's really expensive and distracting for them to need legal advice. This happened under President Bill Clinton and President Ronald Reagan. It's likely to drag on for a long time.","Don McGahn, to be sure, has defenders in Washington, D. C. , who are very impressed by him. Aren't they?","Yeah. You know, there's been a lot of praise in some circles for the people he's hired to work in the White House, the young lawyers working underneath him - seven former Supreme Court clerks, graduates from Ivy League law schools at the top of their game. And then there's this. It's hard to tell from outside the Oval Office whether Don McGahn is giving President Donald Trump all the right legal advice and President Donald Trump is just ignoring him."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that other members of the White House may seek legal counsel in light of President Trump's actions.","questions":"How might members of the White House respond to President Trump's hiring of a personal attorney?","answer":"Lawyer"}
{"text":["It's significant because you have a journalist who's killed in the line of duty doing some investigative work into a story he wanted to write. And as far as we understand, the people that he was investigating put out a hit on him, and he was killed. I mean, that's a very chilling reminder that we do - sometimes do dangerous work. And the project's main mission is to tell those people, if indeed they are the ones responsible, that you cannot kill the message by killing the messenger.","There has been a confession, hasn't there?And yet you remain unsatisfied. Why is that?","Well, the person who confessed was a very low-level member of the Your Black Muslim Bakery. He was a handyman. He originally told police he did not do the crime, and then after he was led to - he was allowed to meet privately with the bakery CEO, a 22-year-old named Yusuf Bey IV, this guy basically convinced him to confess. Now, whether or not he did the crime or not, we don't know. What we do know is, is that he did not do this by himself, as he has told police.","Now, what would you say is the latest in the ongoing investigation?Or is the investigation ongoing, since the police had someone who confessed, although your organization doesn't necessarily buy it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Journalists sometimes face danger, and killing them won't stop the truth.","questions":"How does the journalist's death serve as a reminder?","answer":"chilling"}
{"text":["I had always written about my mother. I started writing in college in a creative writing class. And some of the first stories I wrote were talking about different disagreements that we had. But what was important was the kind of larger struggles that were embodied in those arguments. I just published an essay about the conception of this book, and I talk about the issue of hair and how the struggle of hair between black mothers and black daughters is fraught with all of these racial tensions that are basically absorbed from the larger culture.","So I had always written about my mother as a way to write about these larger issues and about immigration and gender and motherhood. And during the time that my mother's health took a turn for the worse, I was a grad student at Columbia in their MFA program. And actually, it was the last day of school. And we had our graduation ceremony. And I found out that my mom was, you know, had a few months to live.","So I pretty immediately - because I was done with school - packed my things up. I quit the job that I had and moved back to Philadelphia and basically spent the last six months with her. It was, you know, it's an around-the-clock job. It's very draining. And at the end of the day, the only thing I had time to write were basically one paragraph or sometimes a sentence - reflections. And I just started collecting them in this folder. And I didn't tend to do anything with them, but they all started to fit together in this large story.","I want to have you read from one of those vignettes, Page 31."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"had always written about my mother as a way to write about these larger issues\" Actual meaning: The speaker wrote about their mother to explore broader topics such as immigration and motherhood. Non-literal meaning: None.","questions":"How did the speaker use their mother in their writing?","answer":"Explore"}
{"text":["Hello.","So, John, I've got my iPhone here. I downloaded this ap last night. Let's give it a little bit of a test run, and we should tell our listeners here, there's going to be a bit of an interference with the microphone.","But let's take the example that I just used and give it a shot. So, Thai food, Los Angeles. I say that into my phone. It does a little working and processing, and next thing you know, it's popped up a list of all of the closest Thai Restaurants to me with phone numbers. It's pretty cool. How does this work?","Usually pretty well. It's also one of my nightmare scenarios as a bicyclist that people like you will be driving all over the place looking at your iPhones."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : when something \"pops up\" in this context it means it came up","questions":"What did PersonB say about Thai food and Los Angeles?","answer":"Thai-food"}
{"text":["My best friend grew up in the Philippines and celebrated Christmas in a really bizarre fashion - without Santa at all. On his first holiday in the United States, a relative happily shouted, come look what Santa did. And Joe froze, sure that someone had stolen all his toys. Well, how was I supposed to know, he told me. No one ever broke into our home to give us things.","This year, Emmeline is increasingly interested in these fledgling magical mysteries of childhood. We read \"The Night Before Christmas\" every day now, and I figured, if Emmeline could buy into the story of wingless, flying reindeer, she'd eventually come around to the notion that the fat guy from the mall could fit through a tiny gas pipe. In a family of jaded atheists, it was the true miracle of Christmas.","At the fireplace, Emmeline inspected the hole again, poking a hesitant finger through the opening. She looked up with unblinking eyes and asked, Santa fits in there?I nodded, whispering, Santa can do anything. Emmeline paused for a moment, smiling hopefully. But mommy said he just climbs in the window. At least we have another day to get our traditions straight.","Mike Adamick lives in San Francisco with his wife and their pint-sized doubting Thomas."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : when something is pint-sized in this context it means something is very small","questions":"What does \"pint-sized\" mean in the context of Mike Adamick's family?","answer":"Small"}
{"text":["As I say, I'm not doubting too much that Iran had a hand in this thing. Their motive is I think quite clear. We are in the middle of a signaling process that is going on. The United States is actually cracking down on Iran so that, basically, Iran not only can't sell oil. It can't sell its refined products. And, increasingly, Iran's closed out of international markets for just about anything that they produce.","So we are basically putting Iran under siege, and they're going to try to strike back at some point. So if I were sitting in Iran and thinking about what I could do, making the cost of oil higher for the rest of the world is a pretty interesting way of responding and saying, you can't do this cost-free.","Where do you see this going?Given that you've identified that the administration is engaged in a policy of trying to isolate Iran, diplomatically and economically, to achieve what it would consider better terms in the Iran nuclear deal - so is there any scenario in which you can see this tactic bringing Iran back to the negotiating table?","If the United States wants to do that, they're not going to succeed by just piling on the pressure until Iran collapses. Iran won't collapse. They've been through some very tough times - including a war with Iraq, which was far more dangerous to them than the threats that we're putting against them now - and they didn't crack."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The United States' policy of isolating Iran will not bring Iran back to the negotiating table by just piling on pressure until Iran collapses.","questions":"How will the US policy of isolating Iran bring them back to the negotiating table?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["So we've now been looking at harmless bacteria, so - and we've been using that as a model system. So there's, I think, two major interests. One is a biological one, a microbiological one, is understanding bacteria better. And so it turns out there's also a number of pathogens that wear these coats, and so we would really like to look at what they look like and how they're able to interact with the host. And another interest is that because they are these highly ordered structures - and really the proteins, they assemble themselves, and that's a property that material sciences are interested in. So it's those -both those aspects that are interesting.","If the bacteria have this chainmail that surrounds them, how do nutrients and things get in and out of them?","So it - there you can really compare it like a chainmail. A chainmail is also not just like the armor that we probably know. It is little rings sitting next to each other, and they have holes. The nutrients get across those holes.","And does - do - does the chainmail look the same on all different kinds of bacteria, or are there distinctive patterns on some?Could you say, oh, I recognize that one?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"another interest is that because they are these highly ordered structures - and really the proteins, they assemble themselves, and that's a property that material sciences are interested in\" - The actual meaning is that the ordered structures of the bacteria's protein coats are of interest to material sciences, not that the bacteria themselves are materials.","questions":"How are the ordered structures of the bacteria's protein coats of interest to material sciences?","answer":"Protein"}
{"text":["I mean, imagine you go into the polls believing that migrants, refugees in general, receive much more sort of support than our pensioners and that migrants are violent and rape women and that climate change isn't real. Like, if you actually believe all those things because you have been lied to, I believe that clearly shifts your, at least, voting intention - maybe even stay home 'cause you lost trust in democracy or nearly is altogether. And that is a real threat. It's not just, oh, on the day before the elections, there's a fake news about your voting station. That's not what we're seeing.","What we're seeing is, like, long-term disinformation campaigns with the aim to drive us apart, to deceive us. And as a democracy, we need to stand up and, right now, say, now we vote even more because we believe that democracy's our strength, and we will not be manipulated by this type of behavior.","Christoph Schott, thank you.","Thank you very much. There was a joy."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Believing false information can impact voting decisions and democracy.","questions":"Which aspect of democracy is emphasized in the statement?","answer":"Strength"}
{"text":["But Alaphilippe seems to be digging deeper every day. He's a former soldier. And he's extremely tough, really affable, straight-talking. The things he's done - they've set on fire the passions of the people, really. He's just sort of gone on a rampage - these break-for-the-border dashes for the finishing line. And he's succeeded three or four times, and everybody's talking about him.","And then there is another Frenchman who is one of the favorites to win the race. Tell us about him.","That's right - Thibaut Pinot, very different, a very emotional man. And he fell into a trap a few days ago and lost a bit of time. But he's still in with a very big shot. So he's vowed to fight back on Saturday and may well get back into a position. Thibaut Pinot is about 28, 29 years old. He hasn't raced here for a while. He'd been racing in Italy. He really is a very, very popular man. And if he does win the Tour de France, he will be the most popular man in France.","Now, as we've said, the race is just past its halfway point, and a Frenchman has not won the Tour de France in 34 years. So what's the attitude and sentiment like among people in these small French towns where the cyclists are whizzing past?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The people have seen what he is capable of and believe he posses the skills and abilities to win.","questions":"How do the people feel about the Frenchman's chances of winning?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Switching gears, we have been talking on the show and online about the major economic woes facing Detroit. What's been the response on our blog?","Yeah, we're talking about the price of a home sold in Detroit going down to $7,500. And a reader named Deuce Bollards wonders, quote, \"What will happen to the Lions, the Pistons and Tigers?If they bite the dust, that will be the saddest part of this story. \"I don't necessarily agree. There's a lot of other sad stories (laughing) other than Detroit's sports teams. . .","Well, that's true, but, you know.","Going down. But, you know, as our blog winds down, in the show's final week, we have links to all of our network of bloggers and those conversations will continue there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are talking about the econominc troubles that are happening in Detroit.","questions":"What is the topic of discussion in Detroit?","answer":"Economictroubles"}
{"text":["And Kellie, I hear a child behind you. May I ask, are you in a clinic?","Yeah. So I'm inside the health clinic at the refugee settlement.","OK. So you have a clinic set up to deal with Ebola cases. You also have, as you say, thousands of Congolese crossing the border every couple of weeks into the settlement where you are. What is the level of worry that you might get more cases?","People are very worried. I think until the outbreak stops in DRC, then the chances that new cases arrive in Uganda is very high."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is in the health clinic at the refugee settlement.","questions":"Which clinic is the speaker currently in?","answer":"Health"}
{"text":["Well, we don't have a clear answer on that. That's not something that either side is answering in black and white. But the unusual nature of this information sharing certainly raises that question again with Manafort. And Manafort of course does face the possibility of spending the rest of his life in prison with the conviction in Virginia and then the plea deal in Washington. And the president certainly didn't do anything this week to try to head off talk of a possible pardon.","No, he - in fact, he said that's still on the table. Why should I take it off the table, right?","Exactly. exactly.","And a March 5 sentencing date for Paul Manafort, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Why should I take it off the table, right?\" - The literal meaning is that the president is questioning why he should remove the possibility of a pardon from consideration. The actual meaning could be that the president is still considering a pardon for Manafort.","questions":"What did the president say about removing the possibility of a pardon for Manafort?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["Do you have any concern, Mr.  Levin, that if some of these alternatives you're talking about are used more frequently that you might have a situation where - and I'll be apocryphal here - a white college kid with access to means and a good lawyer can get a very light sentence and a kid from the inner city that lacks both will still have the book thrown at him.","Well, you know, that is an interesting question because this decision by the attorney general was one based on discretion. The public has as very low opinion of elected officials and so it's certainly the case is if you don't think much of Congress, you wouldn't want Congress' judgment to be substituted for your own if you're on the jury, especially given that it's the jury that has access to the specific facts of the case.","And certainly, though, as you mentioned, race should absolutely not be considered and we need to make sure every offender has quality representation for those who have appointed counsel. Ideally, they could have some say in choosing their own counsel with some type of voucher or something so we can make sure they get vigorous representation in court, that evidence that may exonerate them is presented.","Marc Levin is director of the Texas Public Policy Foundation Center for Effective Justice speaking with us from Austin. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The white college kid may be able to get away with a lighter sentence due to their access to resources and legal representation, while a kid from the inner city will not have the same opportunity.","questions":"How might race affect sentencing outcomes in the scenario discussed in turn 0? (Answer: unequally)","answer":"differently"}
{"text":["When I got toward the end of my research, I tried to contact all the women that I had spoken with and just said, hey, would your husbands be willing to talk?The interesting thing about it was when I spoke to the women, they were all so enthusiastic and passionate. When I talked to their husbands, they were really nice, but they were so clearly disinterested in the topic. It wasn't that they didn't know that their wives are never frustrated with them. It just didn't seem particularly important to them. And I don't mean to imply that they were cold to their wives or indifferent to their wives. It just really didn't register as such a big deal.","Like a fact of life - like, this is just the way things are.","Yes, absolutely. In fact, one of the women that I interviewed said to me, my husband sees we have an issue with this. But he considers it my problem. So he says to me, there's really nothing I can do, and it would be helpful if you weren't so bothered by this.","Wow. Let me ask you this. The amount of child care that men take on was actually rising in the 1980s and '90s. But then we did see it level off. So what happened?It seemed like we were sort of making some progress in this issue."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The word 'Cold' does not literally mean they are cold and chill, it has the implied meaning that they are not in good terms","questions":"How did the husbands react when they were asked to talk about the issue?","answer":"Disinterested"}
{"text":["For many people in Hollywood, Weinstein's behavior did not come as a surprise. Rumors had circulated for years, and that gossip network helped warn some women away from him. Anne Helen Petersen is Buzzfeed's culture writer. She argues that gossip has a vital purpose, especially in Hollywood.","You know, I don't think that all gossip is progressive or feminist. You know, gossip is a major way of policing women's behavior. But at the same time, gossip about which men are dangerous, which men you shouldn't go on to lunch alone with - that sort of information is currency that women use to protect one another.","And in this last week, a document surfaced that was essentially a burn book for men in - who work in the media. The contributors are women who work in the industry, and the accusations are anonymous. They're unsubstantiated. The complaints range from rape to being unsupportive of female colleagues. It's a real range, and it puts illegal behavior, in a way, on the same level as dislikable and unfair behavior. So when does gossip become destructive and more about maligning people than really identifying serious abusers?","This is the - you know, with the thing about gossip networks, sometimes called whisper networks, is that the reason that they work is because you know the woman who is saying the thing to you. So I can - when someone says to me, this is what type of guy this is, I can decide what to do with that information based on that woman."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"gossip is a major way of policing women's behavior\" - The actual meaning is not that gossip is used to regulate women's behavior, but rather that it is often used as a tool for spreading information about potentially dangerous men, helping women protect themselves.","questions":"How is gossip used in Hollywood to protect women?","answer":"Warn"}
{"text":["So we're getting 40 new mutations per generation in these 2,000 necessary genes for intelligence is what you're saying, and over the millennia, these things add up.","Exactly. I mean, that is - you made one jump there that is not correct, and that is that the new mutations are not necessarily in the intelligence genes. They're just spread out randomly over the genome.","I see.","They have a certain probability of hitting these - this group of genes that are the cognitive genes so that among those genes, we know that they behave like links on a chain, that is if any one of them is mutated there is a cognitive problem."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : I see means in this context I understand ","questions":"What did PersonA say about the probability of hitting the cognitive genes?","answer":"Randomly"}
{"text":["Curative instruction meaning, I'm sorry I said that. Disregard that.","Exactly. Yeah, I made a mistake - mea culpa. I shouldn't have said that. Please disregard what I said and don't hold it against the counsel for either of the parties.","Dramatic testimony from Richard Gates, Manafort's former business partner, this week who essentially said, look. Paul Manafort's a crook. And I know because I am, too. And we schemed together to steal money. That's an argument the defense can turn against the prosecution in a way, though, too, isn't it?","Absolutely. So what the defense may try to do is say, what we're dealing with here is a criminal, a dishonest individual from start to finish. He is being sponsored - his testimony is being sponsored by the government. But you can't trust him. After all, look at all the things he's done. He's stolen, in fact, not only from others but from his own business associate, Mr.  Manafort."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A takes responsibility for their mistake and doesn't want it to reflect on the counsel","questions":"How did PersonA respond to their mistake?","answer":"Mea."}
{"text":["That's right. They said they would, and they're going to do it. Universal background checks for gun buyers is one of the bills they're going to vote on. These are measures with broad public support, many having arisen since the most horrific mass shootings we have seen in recent months and years.","Senator Bernie Sanders entered the 2020 race for president this week - I think $6 million he raised within 48 hours or something. But he touched off a recurrent question about if he's really a Democrat in all ways, maybe. This week, he refused to call Nicolas Maduro a dictator.","You know, terminology and labels are not ultimately where people live, but they can have meaning and effect when it comes to campaigns. We certainly saw that in 2016. Sanders only calls himself a Democrat when he's seeking to be the party nominee for president. The rest of the time and in Congress, he calls himself an independent. And that may be more accurate.","The phrase democratic socialist that Sanders uses a lot - that has quite a few fans, especially among younger voters, who seem to take this word socialist in stride. Older voters still remember the years when to be a socialist was to be on the wrong side of the Cold War in many people's minds. And voters of all ages will be taking part in those primaries and caucuses starting in less than a year.","Thanks so much. Ron Elving, thanks for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"The phrase democratic socialist that Sanders uses a lot - that has quite a few fans, especially among younger voters, who seem to take this word socialist in stride.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that Sanders' use of the term \"democratic socialist\" has garnered support among young voters who are not put off by the term \"socialist.\" The actual meaning is that the speaker is noting a generational divide in how voters perceive the term \"socialist.\"","questions":"What is the term used by Sanders that has quite a few fans among younger voters?","answer":"Democratic-socialist"}
{"text":["Some people are afraid that the extradition law will basically legalize kidnapping by the Chinese state. And that has already happened with several booksellers in Hong Kong being whisked away and mysteriously reappearing in Chinese detention. And so if this law is to pass, people fear that that will no longer be a news item or will just be a regular thing.","And to that question of how this bill is being rammed through, you know, what about that?Is there something about the way this bill is being, you know, processed, is extraordinary?","There are widespread complaints that there was no real public consultation about this. The legal sector, thousands of lawyers came out in force just this past week, and they marched in black in silence. And these are the people who would understand the law the best. And yet, the government has told them repeatedly that no, you lawyers don't understand the bill at all. And so that just shows that the government isn't really listening to the people, and people are feeling that. And that's why they took to the streets.","And, you know, authorities in Hong Kong did release a statement in response to the protests. What did it say?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Hong Kong government is ignoring public opinions.","questions":"How is the Hong Kong government responding to public opinions?","answer":"Ignoring"}
{"text":["Yeah. That really happened.","I believe you - popping ibuprofen before going out to dance to stop the pain, wearing high heels all day. You had it bad.","I really did. I was a little bit of a slave to heels, and I don't think I even knew it.","Why is that?Why do you think you like them so much?And obviously you're not the only one. A lot of people like them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : She wore her high heels no matter what the pain she endured from them.","questions":"How did she wear her high heels?","answer":"Continuously"}
{"text":["I can imagine someone being stunned for a moment by being struck by an object, especially at a high speed like that. But I don't understand that because if there was over a minute when the throttle was advanced farther than it should've been and - you know, things happen when you're an engineer. You should be used to them. So I - it doesn't really seem to me like that's a probable cause, but we'll have to wait and see.","I don't have to tell you, Mr.  Hughes, that the crash and the deaths of eight people have set off a debate - those who say the derailment says Amtrak needs more money, others who say Amtrak isn't - is wasting a lot of the money that it gets. Recognizing there are no guarantees, would greater government funding have perhaps meant this derailment wouldn't happen?","It might have. The thing that is important here is Amtrak doesn't have any discretionary money. Every penny they get goes into something that's really important, especially capital money like this. And so I would think that money played some part in it in that when Amtrak has to do large projects, they have to space them out in smaller parts over multiple years. And I don't know the facts in this case, but I do know that that is true with a number of large capital projects. You just can't do them quickly 'cause the funding isn't there.","When you were in charge, Mr.  Hughes, did you find it hard to get funding for Amtrak, a lot of skepticism and doubt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Is increased government funding the solution to preventing this kind of accident from happening in the future?","questions":"What is the solution to preventing this kind of accident from happening in the future?","answer":"Funding"}
{"text":["Right. And it's because of a change in the law post-9\/11 that made - that gave the State Department the ability to designate specific terrorist groups. And once that group was designated, they fell under the Patriot Act. And we could investigate - the FBI could investigate specifically individuals both in the United States and overseas that were involved in any kind of transactional or transnational terrorism events with more - a greater ability, I guess, to utilize the techniques available to us.","So what can be done?I mean, are there changes that can be made in the law that might help prevent an attack like the one we saw in El Paso?","Well, there are a lot of laws that apply right now to domestic terrorism, but most of them are state laws. They're not federal laws. There is no federal murder statute, for example, unless you are a federal official of some sort and you are murdered or there's an attempted murder on you. So the El Paso case, for example, is probably going to be prosecuted as a local homicide case of 20 counts of homicide, 22, however many victims we have, by the local DA. It's not a federal case. At this point, the FBI is kind of peripherally assisting that investigation. But they're not specifically involved in or going to be involved in the prosecution. Now. . .","Could the law change?I mean, could Congress pass a law that says that an act like this, when you kill this many people, is a federal crime?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Designation of terrorist groups under the Patriot Act helped FBI investigate terrorists more effectively","questions":"Which act allowed the FBI to investigate specific individuals involved in transnational terrorism events?","answer":"Patriot"}
{"text":["Well, Pluto's official designation is a dwarf planet. And I have to tell you the people who sent this probe all the way out to Pluto are a little angry about that because when they launched it a decade ago, Pluto was still a planet.","(Laughter).","It got downgraded in the intervening years.","That seems so unfair."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is amused at the situation, showing empathy for the people who sent the probe.","questions":"How did PersonB react to the news about Pluto's official designation?","answer":"Amused"}
{"text":["It's nice to be here, Neal. How are you?","I'm good. Thanks. That first phone call - well, just sort of out of curiosity, I assume.","The first call that I made to Alan?Yeah, it was a funny feeling of both, obviously, curiosity and a strange sensation of being crowded in my own skin by another guy who had my same name.","And he turned out to be - well, debonair might be the word."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  is that Neal is asking if the first phone call was made out of curiosity. ","questions":"Which feeling did PersonA have when he made the first call to Alan?","answer":"Intimidated"}
{"text":["So I'm just going to put myself out. Ask me a question.","OK, I'll be nice.","\"Everybody Hates Chris\" star Terry Crews was drafted by what NFL team?So you have four options. Let me give those to you, the Redskins, the Eagles, the Chargers, or the Rams.","Oh, man. I am laughing here because I am so sports illiterate. I have no clue. I cannot even guess. But I will say that I was on the dance floor with Terry Crews last night at one of the BET parties, and he knows how to move and so does his wife. But I'm completely - I'll say the Redskins, I don't know."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B doesn't know the answer to the question and is making a random guess","questions":"Which NFL team did PersonB guess while answering PersonA's question?","answer":"Redskins"}
{"text":["Yes, I do. And one of the ways it could be would be to have more women in the House and in the Senate. We saw back in the early 1990s after the Justice Clarence Thomas controversy, Anita Hill's allegations - led a lot of women to say, why weren't there more women on that committee passing judgment on Anita Hill's accusations?- because there was not a single one. They were all men. And why can't we have more representation for our gender when we are, after all, half the population?","That led to the so-called Year of the Woman - 1992 - in which a record number of senators who were women were elected and a large new number in the House. And that we have seen somewhat rise and continue to rise. And the number of women who are in the Senate today is the highest it's ever been, but it's still a minor fraction. And it's still a minor fraction in the House. And as women become more politically active, they become more politically attuned - they are seeing these things, and they are realizing that they need to be represented in Congress to have full power and full equality in this society.","NPR's Ron Elving, thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2). The literal meaning of (2) is that a record number of women were elected to the Senate and House in 1992, and there has been a gradual increase since then. However, the implied meaning is that there is still a significant underrepresentation of women in Congress, and more needs to be done to achieve full equality and representation.","questions":"Which year saw a record number of women senators elected to Congress?","answer":"1992"}
{"text":["You know, I think that - I haven't been so inspired to do anything and get so involved since Clinton, you know, when I was working grassroots for that campaign. And for this, you know - I've always kept my work about hip-hop and jazz and the urban experience. My work is really about celebrating urban life. And to me, Obama represents that. He really does celebrate urban life and he's someone that's very relatable.","You have this beautiful picture in your book about a jazz quartet or quin. . .","Quintet.","Quintet. And although you're dealing with the hip-hop sensibility, you also - it's easy to see how it relates to a jazz and blues sensibility. Why did you do that work?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is interested in the connection between jazz and hip-hop in A's work.","questions":"Which genre does PersonA's work connect to, according to B?","answer":"large"}
{"text":["Well, Manafort has a second case. That case is here in Washington, D. C. He pleaded guilty to two conspiracy charges. This is a case that was also brought by special counsel Robert Mueller. Manafort, in D. C, agreed to cooperate with the government. That cooperation deal collapsed after the special counsel's team essentially said that he lied to investigators about a number of things.","The presiding judge in D. C. , Judge Amy Berman Jackson, agreed with the government. The maximum sentence that Manafort faces here in D. C.  is 10 years. Now, the question that hangs over all of this is whether Judge Jackson here in D. C.  is going to make him serve, whatever sentence she gives him, simultaneously or stagger it. So is he going to get another 10 years in addition to what he got in Virginia?","Any chance of a presidential pardon?","The president has not taken that entirely off the table, but his lawyers say it's not under discussion."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"The question that hangs over all of this is whether Judge Jackson here in D.C. is going to make him serve, whatever sentence she gives him, simultaneously or stagger it.\" - The actual meaning here is that the question is whether Manafort will have to serve his sentence in D.C. in addition to the sentence he received in Virginia, or whether the sentences will be served at the same time.","questions":"What is the question that hangs over Manafort's case in D.C.?","answer":"Serving"}
{"text":["He had a very utopian view of how computers would change work, but he had also a kind of warning. He had a very utopian view of how computers would change work, but he had also a kind of warning.","That's computer scientist Eugene Fiume of Simon Fraser University. That's computer scientist Eugene Fiume of Simon Fraser University. Fiume says that despite his concern about the need for rapid re-education, Asimov was an optimist in his predictions. Fiume says that despite his concern about the need for rapid re-education, Asimov was an optimist in his predictions.","What he predicted was that computers themselves would allow people to become researchers and scientists and artists - this idea of replacing that low-level intellectual work and allowing people to improve themselves by looking at higher level intellectual work. What he predicted was that computers themselves would allow people to become researchers and scientists and artists - this idea of replacing that low-level intellectual work and allowing people to improve themselves by looking at higher level intellectual work.","It's hard to say how many laid-off factory workers have moved on to pick up paintbrushes, but Fiume says that Asimov's 1983 essay envisions how, left to their own devices. . . It's hard to say how many laid-off factory workers have moved on to pick up paintbrushes, but Fiume says that Asimov's 1983 essay envisions how, left to their own devices. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asimov was optimistic in his predictions despite his concerns.","questions":"Which scientist's view included the idea of people becoming researchers, scientists, and artists with the help of computers?","answer":"Asimov"}
{"text":["I met up with Carlos Favela. He's a Border Patrol agent, and he spoke to me in his capacity as vice president of the local union. We talked just a few minutes after new numbers came out from the Department of Homeland Security. They showed a significant drop in border apprehensions in June.","And he said one reason for that is the Migrant Protection Protocols policy, which is often called remain in Mexico. He thinks that asylum seekers know that they may now have to stay in Mexico for months before their day in U. S.  courts. And so many of them are just not coming.","I guess it's a little bit a breath of fresh air for the agents out in the field. The MPP program that has been implemented - those agreements have also helped, actually, with the detention at the Border Patrol stations. So we're seeing less incursions but also less people being detained at the stations, which is a sign of relief because, you know, the Border Patrol doesn't have the resources to hold that many people.","There has been a lot of criticism levied at CBP. What is the biggest misconception about what you men and women do?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : a breath of fresh air implies a great relief and freedom ","questions":"Which feeling does the phrase \"a breath of fresh air\" convey?","answer":"Relief"}
{"text":["Well, here's the interesting part. The scientific heavyweights like the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration didn't fare any better than the almanac last year, which makes you wonder: Is seasonal prediction even possible?Here to talk about it is Jason Samenow. He's a chief meteorologist for the Capital Weather Gang at The Washington Post. He joins us from NPR in Washington. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you for having me on.","So what are the predictions look like this year, and then should we pay attention to them?","There is a ton of uncertainty about what this winter's going to bring across much of the country. And that has to do with the fact that El Nino - which is the episodic warming of the equatorial Pacific, which was predicted to develop by now - really hasn't behaved as expected. So when we have an El Nino, we typically see warm and dry conditions across the Northern Tier and wet and cold conditions across the Southern Tier. But it has pretty much baffled forecasters in that it hasn't developed as models have predicted."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : El Nino hasn't behaved as expected, making winter predictions uncertain","questions":"What was predicted to develop by now that hasn't behaved as expected?","answer":"El-Nino"}
{"text":["Correct.","And that's the idea?","That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.","Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied Meaning: Is there any pressure on President Kabila to step down or face consequences for his unconstitutional actions?","questions":"Which President is being referred to in turn 3?","answer":"President-Kabila"}
{"text":["Well, tell us first, let's go back. How did you find out about this because I know they try and keep this very secret?How did you find out you had been awarded the MacArthur Grant?","I kind of got punked a little bit. I mean, it's the best way to get punked you could imagine, but they called me into the offices, I was going to be in Chicago for an event, and they basically called me in more or less under the pretense that they wanted me to talk about some candidates that I was recommending.","So of course I kind of scampered in to sort of support the folks that I was hoping would get it, and they just sort of surprised me with this, you know, this incredible gift and just, you know, it kind of just blew my brains open.","So they really did manage to keep it a secret?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker was misled into attending a meeting under false pretenses.","questions":"Which event was the speaker going to attend in Chicago?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["It's very important to me. But also I had to try and understand how somebody so remarkable would think of herself and how would people see her. And what I realized, as a result of my research, was that there was this entire tradition of women warriors in France at that time - quite celebrated - and they had fought. They had worn men's clothes and they were celebrated, like Joan of Arc had been many years before, and perhaps that was the tradition that she fitted into.","It did occur to me reading the novel - and you want to be careful with this sort of thing - but if Julie a'Aubigny had been alive now, someone would've said, well, there's a support group you ought to join.","(Laughter) Oh, look, I think if she arrived now, we would still be amazed. She would still be larger than life. She's like an Olympic gold medalist combined with Lady Gaga. She's that remarkable. And she would probably still be a star today. There's not really anybody like her now.","And like a lot of great stars we could mention, she didn't last a long a course, did she?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : She was a remarkable and iconic figure who would still be celebrated today.","questions":"Which word describes the figure mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Iconic"}
{"text":["Aw. We mentioned that you worked for President George W.  Bush, who advised John McCain. In your circle of friends, people there at the Hoover Institution - without violating any any confidences - your friends and colleagues - is your opinion widely held or are people who ordinarily would support the Republican candidate talking about voting for Hillary Clinton?","I think this is a real time of crisis for Republicans. It's hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Donald Trump. And it's very hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Hillary Clinton. In fact, I would have indulged the luxury of writing in one of my terrific nephews for president if I hadn't seen that the polls during the British referendum were off by 12 points. And my concern that (inaudible) be accurate, and everybody's vote's actually going to count this election.","Kori Schake is a research fellow at the Hoover Institution. She joined us by Skype. Thanks very much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People who usually would vote for the Republican candidate are considering voting for Hillary Clinton instead.","questions":"What is the reason why some of PersonA's friends are unable to support Donald Trump?","answer":"Trump"}
{"text":["And this was a, well, not too far down the road from Berkeley but a little less glamorous.","The school, I think, was, you know, you have moments in your reporting where this sort of weight of what has happened weighs on you. And I think that when that happened to me, it was just on my fourth or fifth visit to the school. And I just looked at the building and just saw how unremarkable it was and just how forgettable it was. I mean, it was - the closest thing to that building in that industrial stretch of Oakland is a Wal-Mart. Actually, some of the employers from Wal-Mart came down and put up a sign of support.","But there is nothing there. And, you know, the insides of the school are in bad conditions, and the idea that this was a university, like, you never ever would have suspected that this was a place of learning. And, you know, across the Bay Area and also across Southern California, there are a lot of these, sort of, for-profit, small, I guess, learning institutions that cater towards immigrants who need a cheaper form of education.","A degree"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : not too far down the road means that it isn't far away from a different location.","questions":"What did PersonA compare the building of the school to?","answer":"Wal-Mart"}
{"text":["You know, it's interesting that you should say that because leasing was one of the ways you could get into a car without having to have a huge down payment. So now, if leasing is going to cost more, buying a car already costs more with regard to the down payment, it's going to be really tough for some people, isn't it?","It will be, and you know what it's going to put pressure on is the used-car market, because if you can't get a new one, you go get a used one. But if they have more demand for used ones, that's going to push up, too. So the entire - the love affair that America had with the automobile. . .","Coming to an end?","It may be a love affair that we have to look at again, you know, somebody cheated on somebody, I don't know who."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Leasing becoming more expensive will make it difficult for some people to afford cars","questions":"How will the increase in leasing costs affect car affordability?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["That raises the point - did he wind up being useful to the Qatar regime?","Well, the lobbyists said that they didn't make any specific asks of the people who went to Doha. But they just hoped, and it turns out they were right about this, that these people would say nice things about Qatar and just sort of start to change the conversation that they thought the president might be picking up on through the media that he listens to, the social media that he uses and the people that he has in the White House.","Alan Dershowitz - as an example, he wrote a very glowing column about his visit in The Hill newspaper. And then, people like Governor Huckabee tweeted a couple of nice things about Doha and how lovely it was. The radio host who went over, John Batchelor, actually broadcast from Doha for a week and then spoke very glowingly afterwards in very positive terms, you know, really saying that the U. S.  ought to embrace this country more. And, indeed, when the emir visited the White House in April of this year, which, in and of itself, was a big move, the president seemed very friendly with him, very open to him and called him and his country a friend of the U. S.  And so to these lobbyists' minds, what they did worked.","What are the implications of this new approach in lobbying?I mean, I'm wondering - would Qatar or some other power start trying to get close to the people who are Mar-a-Lago members and might see Mr.  Trump over the relish tray?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite not making any specific requests, the lobbyists were successful in getting people to say positive things about Qatar.","questions":"How were the lobbyists successful?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["One option for mothers who feel they aren't able to properly raise a child is to surrender their infants anonymously. So-called safe-haven laws let moms give up their children at local hospitals, police and fire stations without legal consequence. They're intended as a way to save babies from grim fates. Pete Pircsh is a state senator in Nebraska.","2004, a 2-day-old infant was abandoned in a canal near the Elkhorn River in Norfolk. The baby had been dead for about two days at the time it was discovered. In 2007, a woman found a baby boy abandoned in a tote bag between a trash bin and a discarded TV, and there are other incidents like that.","This summer, Nebraska became the last state in the nation to pass a safe-haven law, and theirs is a bit different. Pirsch wrote an amendment to the bill that says children as old as 19 can be left at safe havens. Most states only allow parents to drop off their children if they're less than a year old.","If they're on the point where they, out of frustration or anger, may actually injure the child, then this is a vastly superior system to set up because it will take the child from that position of danger and place him into a safe environment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Safe-haven laws provide a vastly superior system to take a child out of a dangerous situation and place them in a safe environment.","questions":"How can safe-haven laws help children in danger?","answer":"Protect"}
{"text":["You know, that's a really great question. Our book hit No. 3 on the New York Times bestseller list on Wednesday. And here I am having written this book and stepping into a different version of, you know, women's rights feminist icon. And it's something I'm really proud of because I had to really educate myself on what I believe to be true.","And so I - I don't know. I think that recreating a person's identity is happening on the daily. And I - for me - I want to keep breaking free from all of these identities and get down to that last one, which is human. And I hope that people out there feel the same way because we are all the same matter.","That soccer star Abby Wambach.","Abby, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B: \"Abby, thank you\" - This turn has a literal meaning as it is a polite expression of gratitude towards the person being addressed.","questions":"What is the name of the person being addressed in turn 3?","answer":"Abby"}
{"text":["(Laughter) Yeah. I don't think that it's a straight line from smoking marijuana to fanaticism or radicalization. But I do think that there's something that happens to boys becoming men that is a series of rites of passage and tampering or becoming involved with illicit drugs or having sex. Or any of these taboo things are some of these portals that kids go through, boys especially. And fanaticism to me, as I was witnessing it in a global way, was the last portal. And I wanted to write something that charted these transitions from just a little bit outside the line to a little bit more outside the line until finally there is no way back.","The Boston Marathon bombings are an important touchstone in this book. And they're felt personally by Alireza's friends in Laguna Beach.","That's something that I thought about a lot when I was sort of following the story of the Boston Marathon bombings and how it was to be Muslim in this country and to be a Muslim man in a place that's already slightly turned against you. But I imagined a situation in which someone in your very close community was affected by an act of terrorism, and you are of the Muslim family, what the ramifications would be like in that community.","And I took it a few steps further and then did research and found that it wasn't that uncommon for people who were related to, you know, Russian immigrants or children of Muslims or practicing Muslims to experience racism in high school afterwards. It tends to be that people are looking for someone to blame."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Boston Marathon bombings had a deep, personal impact on Alireza's friends in Laguna Beach.","questions":"Which event affected Alireza's friends in Laguna Beach?","answer":"Bombings"}
{"text":["I want to ask you about an episode in which math, science figures into the plot even if you don't realize it at first. And this is \"Springfield or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling,\" where Homer gets endowed with Henry Kissinger's brain.","Of course, that comes about because - I don't know how to explain this - Henry Kissinger uses the loo, and his thick glasses fall into the loo. And Homer puts them on, and he's endowed with this perception.","Well, the thing about that is that it sounds like Pythagoras' theorem. So he gets it all wrong. It sounds right, but it's wrong. And he's actually quoting the scarecrow from \"The Wizard of Oz\" - because when the scarecrow gets his diploma, he reels off exactly the same equation. It sounds impressive, but it's actually all wrong.","And you say in the book that your judgment is, it was calculatedly wrong because of the way Ray Bolger must have had to rehearse to be able to make that recitation."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A says that Homer's use of Pythagoras' theorem in the episode \"Springfield or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling\" sounds impressive but is actually all wrong, and that he is actually quoting the scarecrow from \"The Wizard of Oz\". The actual meaning here is that Homer's use of Pythagoras' theorem is a parody of pseudo-intellectualism and academic jargon, and is not meant to be taken seriously.","questions":"How is Homer's use of Pythagoras' theorem in the episode \"Springfield or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling\" described?","answer":"Parody"}
{"text":["Well, this administration - officials from this administration have offered very strongly worded commitments to implement - reimplement - sanctions lifted under the Iran nuclear accord and add on more sanctions on non-nuclear areas pursuant to their concerns about ballistic missiles and terrorism.","Would the effect of unilateral sanctions, as you see it, be enough to force Tehran to decide, no, we want to stay in the agreement and maybe even make one that the U. S.  will accept?","Well, that depends on how other countries respond to the U. S.  imposition and reimposition of these nuclear sanctions. Will the international community join the United States?Will they stand back and not directly challenge the United States?I think what Tehran will respond to most is what the Europeans in particular do to challenge the United States and its reimposition of sanctions or not.","And based on your experience, Ms.  Rosenberg, how much do France and the U. K.  and Germany want to be different than U. S.  policy in this regard?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Unilateral sanctions might force Tehran to reconsider their decision to stay in the agreement","questions":"What might force Tehran to reconsider staying in the agreement?","answer":"Sanctions"}
{"text":["You've lived with HIV your entire conscious life - I mean, as I understand it, that you contracted HIV through blood transfusion when you were an infant in the early 1980s. So do you sense a change in how HIV has been viewed by the broader public and not just by the medical community?I mean, do you remember - I mean, I don't know that most of us kind of as kids think about becoming an organ donor, right?","(Laughter).","But do you remember feeling that the world of possibility has changed for you?","I do think in some places in America things definitely have changed with the science. In places, for example, where I live in the Deep South, there are a lot of long-held stigmatizing beliefs that people still have. And one of the reasons I did decide to go public as a resident of Atlanta was to really push people's perceptions into the 21st century because I couldn't think of any better way to show people that, you know, this isn't the 1980s anymore. You can live a long and healthy life living with HIV. People like me don't bring death, we can actually bring life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : I couldn't think of any better way to show people that, you know, this isn't the 1980s anymore. You can live a long and healthy life living with HIV. People like me don't bring death, we can actually bring life.  The actual meaning of this turn goes beyond its literal meaning. While A is stating that HIV is no longer a death sentence and that people with HIV can live long, healthy lives, the turn also communicates A's desire to challenge stigmatizing beliefs about HIV and to educate people on the reality of living with HIV. The phrase \"People like me don't bring death, we can actually bring life\" is a powerful statement that challenges the notion that people with HIV are a danger to society.","questions":"Which disease does PersonA live with?","answer":"HIV"}
{"text":["The field is shrinking. That's the first thing that's happened. There are going to be 10 candidates and only 10. And for the first time, you're going to see the top three candidates standing next to each other in the center stage. That's Joe Biden, who's been leading the polls, Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders. And what most people are waiting to see is if there will be a Warren-Biden clash.","OK. So of those three candidates you just named, Joe Biden remains still at the top of the Democratic field. But he hasn't had really great debate performances. So the one question I have is, how much do debates really matter to the campaign?","You know, you can make an argument that the debates really haven't mattered much because look at Joe Biden. He's still on top of the field even though he has not had a good performance in the debates. Elizabeth Warren has moved up steadily, but not because of anything she did in the debates. It's because she's had all these plans, and she's performed well on the campaign trail. But in one sense, the debates are having an impact, and it's a negative one because the overall image of the Democrats and their policy ideas has gotten more negative among the general electorate as this debate season has gone on.","Interesting. The debates have not been great PR for the Democratic Party. Well, Elizabeth Warren has been gaining support the past few months. She's going to be facing Joe Biden onstage for the first time. What do you think her hardest challenges are going to be onstage?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : there isn't a \"top\" of a field... it just means he is performing the best currently","questions":"How is Joe Biden's position in the Democratic field described?","answer":"Top"}
{"text":["The Fed's dual mission is always the same - to control inflation and encourage full employment. Now, right now, the numbers say that the Fed's done a pretty good job tapping the accelerator and tapping the brake when they've seen fit. But it is not their job to make sure that the president looks good. And so that's a source of real conflict between these institutions.","As we noted, the president has arrived in France for the G-7 meeting. He seems to also be using the occasion to get closer to Russia once more.","And apparently proposing that Russia be brought back into the group, an idea that's already been rejected today by the European Council president. This is one way that Trump uses Vladimir Putin and that relationship to perhaps pressure some of our allies more toward his positions. But it's also at least potentially a way in which Putin can use Trump to weaken the European alliance and advance his own agenda.","Ron, there has been so much violence and death this summer. And we know opinion polls show the American public broadly supports, for example, red flag laws in hopes of averting mass shootings. Congress seems to differ with the American public when it comes to trying to control access to guns."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"tapping the accelerator and tapping the brake\" refers to the rate at which inflation is increased within this context.","questions":"Which action of the Fed is being discussed in turn 0?","answer":"Tapping"}
{"text":["Thanks for allowing me to be on your show.","You didn't have kind words for Donald Trump in that interview, but why did you think Democrats who want to impeach him are misguided?","I've sat through impeachment. I understand that it's not a walk in the park. It takes a supermajority to impeach a president, and it's just not going to happen. And I think that we would be better off focusing on health care, the huge, huge amounts of money in politics that is ruining the body politic, climate change, which is sweeping the world.","So what I think you're saying is you need to - the Democrats have to have another message that isn't solely about removing the president."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Impeachment is not a viable solution and there are other pressing issues to address.","questions":"How did PersonA suggest to focus on other issues instead of impeachment?","answer":"Focus"}
{"text":["No, he won't be voted on by the entire board, under our system, and I'd be telling you more internal NAACP organizational matters than anyone needs to know. The CEO works for the executive committee, and the executive committee needs to approve his contract, which I'm confident will happen. And when that's done, it's done.","You have been a very strong leader of the NAACP, from the position of chairman of the board. There have been some incredible chairmen - and women, including Myrlie Evers-Williams. But is this organization prepared to have a strong president?You are arguably still, at this point, you know, beyond arguably, the most powerful person at the NAACP, are you ready to split the seat?","I'm ready for Ben Jealous to come on board, and, you know, we have had only, I think, 17 people in this job, over the 99 years we've been in existence - four have been white, several have been women, they come from a variety of backgrounds and professions, but I'm looking forward to Ben Jealous. I think he is going to be among the strongest we've ever had, and may turn out to be the strongest we have ever had.","Give me a moment that you think typifies the direction that the NAACP is going. And what I mean is a personal moment, where you really felt, I'm doing the right thing, for the right reasons."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The incoming president, Ben Jealous, is expected to be one of the strongest in NAACP history.","questions":"Which president is expected to be one of the strongest in NAACP history?","answer":"Ben-Jealous"}
{"text":["I decided to take matters in my own hands and decided to raise the funds that I need to get the materials that the kids need. The budget wasn't going to change. The only thing is, it was going to get worse. I had decided that I should advertise on my test, and I said, well, if you would like to put a quote or an ad at the bottom of my test, then it'd be kind of a mutual - they help the kids, and then I help them get a little bit of PR out of it.","And so the parents, they responded well?","Absolutely. Back to school night, I had one parent give me a $100 check, and she said, I hope this gets you started, and I actually had a lot of good comments, saying that's very creative and thinking outside the box.","And I've actually gotten emails from parents and one from my school district saying, you know, I am glad somebody is finally speaking up and saying that parents are having a tough time footing the bill for things that should have been paid for through their tax dollars and paid through the school system.","And what did the kids says?I mean, aren't they kind of bombarded by advertising all day long when they are not in school?","They really like the quotes, and they actually look forward to them. I've had students say, hey, what's going to be the next quote, and I tell them, you have to wait."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : take matters in my own hands implies to deal with a situation personally ","questions":"How did PersonA decide to handle the situation?","answer":"Personally"}
{"text":["Tell us a little bit about Steve Elkins.","Well, he's a filmmaker. He's an amazing person. He's one of these - he's a true adventurer. I guess he's sort of a kid who never grew up. I'm kind of like that too. I mean, I never stopped dreaming about finding lost cities and being the first one in Egyptian tombs and that sort of thing. And he's sort of like that. And he had fallen in love 20 years ago with this whole White City legend and had been trying to find a way into this valley where this JPL Scientist has been seeing something for 20 years.","And he organized an expedition. It was washed out by Hurricane Mitch. And then he heard about LIDAR, and he said, wow, this is the way to find stuff in the jungle. Instead of sliding on the ground, let's fly over this valley and see if there's anything in there. So he called me up and he said, hey, do you want to be part of this expedition?","And you, of course, agreed and ran down to Central America and ended up as, well, I guess, extra cargo in the back of a very rickety old plane."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He is the sort of person that still acts like a kid even though he is an adult.","questions":"How did Steve Elkins fall in love with the White City legend?","answer":"20-years-ago"}
{"text":["Yeah. I think a big local newspaper, you know, was kind of like the big local sports team. There's always been hostility toward the big, local paper but I think there was a certain amount of pride in it. And this is our paper. We are a big-time city. I think the Herald spoke more for the community and reflected the community better than any other institution down here could. And now there is no institution to replace that, unless, you know, you talk about sports team or something like that. And I think that's true of many, many cities now.","We talk so much about newspapers. Is journalism going to survive?Has that become DIY?Is this an opportunity for novelists to step in?","You know, novelists have been trying to step in for hundreds of years. And I think the same forces that are sort of working against newspapers probably are also working, to some extent, against books. I just, I don't know. It just feels like everything happens so fast now and everybody, you know, goes on to the next subject so quickly now. Books seem a little archaic, except as entertainment and, you know, as an escape from policy and that sort of thing.","Dave Barry. His new novel, \"Insane City. \"Speaking with us, of course, from Miami. Dave, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker questions the future of traditional journalism and whether there is an opportunity for novelists to fill the gap.","questions":"Which speaker raises concerns about the future of traditional journalism and the potential for novelists to take its place?","answer":"Speaker"}
{"text":["OK, starting with GlobalGrind. Here's the deal Farai, as you know, being in the media, it's becoming more and more niche, and people, especially what you're talking about Internet, you're talking about web communities and defining that niche. Now we're seeing more and more websites pop up where we've had black websites in the past, but GlobalGrind is this one-stop shop.","They claim, or they offer, for news, gossip, humor, entertainment. It's just about everything that users think is important. So the whole site is actually driven by users voting on other content that's happening elsewhere. And so the higher the vote of a specific piece of content, the more relevant it comes up on the GlobalGrind webpage.","Is it fun?","It is fun. It looks very clean. It's sleek. I do like the ownership behind the company, and some of the people driving it, because Navarro is a guy that ran 360HipHop. com, which was very successful that was sold to BET. I've met with their advertising people. I think they really got their handle on - they've made it mobile. They now integrate it with Facebook, which wasn't there before, which I was dinging them on. I was like, when are you guys going to get with mobile applications in a Web 2. 0 space?","All right, Mario. We have to jump in. RushmoreDrive. Give me the skinny."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : GlobalGrind offers a wide range of content that is user-driven and voted upon","questions":"How is the content on GlobalGrind determined?","answer":"Voting"}
{"text":["Yeah, we're looking at how people make movies through a microscope. And I hadn't really thought about this much before this week, but there's a sort of long history of this, and there have been a few real pioneers of this field. And one of them is a guy, a photographer called Roman Vishniac.","And you may know this name because he's famous for sort of a very different kind of photography. He took portraits. He has a picture of Einstein that's pretty famous. And he is famous for documenting Jews in Eastern Europe for World War II.","But it turns out that he also was this huge science buff, and he made these educational movies funded by NSF and others for classroom use, and a lot of them featured his micro-movies, these movies that he did in his New York apartment through the microscope with, you know, pond scum that he collected I don't know where, my guess would be Central Park, just looking at some of the footage.","Right, and so then he trained - this moviemaker trained his camera into the lens of the microscope."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Roman Vishniac's educational movies had a scientific component featuring micro-movies.","questions":"What was the subject of Roman Vishniac's educational movies?","answer":"Micro-movies"}
{"text":[". . . Strong title. What do you mean by that?","I think it was meant as sort of a nonpartisan way of talking about what's gone on in the confirmation process on Capitol Hill and how both sides have tried to put their thumbs on the scale and try and steer these judicial nominations in the direction they wanted. And so there is bias on it, and it's been bias on both sides, honestly. I know people don't like to talk about both sider-ism these days, but, you know, both parties have had a lot to do with how mucked up the process has gotten.","All right. Well, we'll get to that. But let's start with where you start in the book, where you talk about the importance of a decision that the majority leader Mitch McConnell made - Republican leader - made in February of 2016. What was the decision?","I think this was one of the most consequential decisions in American history, really, as it turned out. We didn't know it that night. But Mitch McConnell is on a - the Senate majority leader is on a vacation in the Caribbean. The news comes out that Justice Antonin Scalia had died. And Mr.  McConnell that evening decided that President Obama, with 11 months left in his term, would not get an appointment to the Supreme Court."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Both parties have contributed to the biased confirmation process.","questions":"How has both sides contributed to the confirmation process?","answer":"Bias"}
{"text":["(Laughter).",". . . The future seems to be getting here, doesn't it?","Well, we've always joked on \"Men In Blazers,\" Scott, that soccer has been America's sport of the future since 1972. But that future is very much now. So next Friday, next Saturday we are holding BlazerCon, which is kind of a Comic-Con but for football. You could say it's like Comic-Con but nerdier, where football fans from across America will come together in Brooklyn and meet with some of the elite global thinkers who are shaping the tectonic plates of football from the Premier League Chairman Richard Scudamore, Christian Siefert, who runs Bundesliga, the gentleman that runs Liverpool, Manchester City, Everton Football Club, as well as the U. S.  women's national team players, MLS owners. It's going to be an absolute cacophony of really exploring joyously the future of football globally, but more importantly, I guess for us, how this game is going to evolve in America in the next decade.","Roger Bennett, host of \"Men In Blazers,\" thanks so much. Hope to talk to you soon, Roger."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is expressing amusement at the idea of the future being here.","questions":"How is the speaker reacting in turn 0?","answer":"Amusement"}
{"text":["How did you feel when you found out, this summer, about the abuse of children that was going on in Pennsylvania not far from places you knew?","Yeah, it hurt reading the report because I was reading about these parishes that I went to growing up. I was born in '96, so growing up, you would hear kids joke about, oh, you know, priests molesting kids and whatnot. But I never knew that there was actually a - anything behind that. I just sort of thought it was people making fun of a religion. And then I didn't learn, honestly, until recently that the abuse scandal is something that was real and something that the world has known about since - what?- I think it was the early 2000s, whenever the Boston Globe or whatever that newspaper is broke the story. I didn't know that that was a thing. It wasn't something I'd ever been exposed to, so I wasn't really aware of the fact that this is a problem that was going on in my church. You know, it's unthinkable.","And it's hurt your faith?","I think that's a difficult thing to answer. I will say that it has hurt my faith in the Catholic Church. I don't think it has actually hurt my personal, religious faith. I'm just starting to see less of a connection between what I believe and the teachings of the Catholic Church."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker's faith in the Catholic Church has been damaged by the abuse scandal, but their personal faith remains intact.","questions":"What remains intact despite the damage caused by the abuse scandal to the PersonA's faith in the Catholic Church?","answer":"c"}
{"text":["Oh, yes. Nationally, and even locally, we sometimes just put everybody in the same group as just protesters, but there are a lot of different people out there for a lot of different reasons. And the vast majority of folks have been peaceful. We did see back in August and in November, and then again this week, some people engage in violence. And they do not speak for the majority of people. They do not represent the majority of people who have been out there. But it is a very diverse group, and people have different agendas.","Mr.  French, you, I gather, have a family - 4-year-old son. Do you want him to grow up in that St.  Louis area?","You know, this is a question my wife and I ask ourselves all the time. You know, we're educated. We, you know, have good incomes and we have chosen to live in a neighborhood I grew up in, which is a rough part of North St.  Louis. It's in a higher crime area. Its property values are low. There are a lot of struggles. And we've decided to stick it out and try to improve our community. But when we had our son four years ago, he really became for us an hourglass. He is, as we see, our timeline of when we really need to see real progress. And so for us, we always have a sense of urgency about trying to really improve our community.","St.  Louis Alderman Antonio French speaking with us from the studios of KWMU in St.  Louis. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking if the Alderman has any reservations about the safety of the St. Louis area, given the protests and violence that have been occurring.","questions":"What is the question asked by PersonB regarding the Alderman's family and the St. Louis area?","answer":"Alderman's-family"}
{"text":["For the last 40, 50 years, the education system has been translated into industry worker-producing system at high end, also, at low end, also. So - and that education system is becoming a reason to be tensed about the examinations themselves, the jobs, the admissions to the higher education classes, and every student was almost dying to get at the top positions. So all this was creating a lot of problem. So that's why we are not touching right now at graduation level; we are just touching about the bottom level - that is, starting from nursery classes to grade 8.","Minister Sisodia, who teaches a happiness class?","So there are 20,000 teachers that we have trained so far to take these classes, and they're taking these classes daily. This is 35-minute class, every day, first half of the morning. One class is for happiness class.","I have to ask, has any teacher said to you, if you want me to teach a happiness class, pay me more?That'll make me happy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The education system is not working properly and is causing a lot of stress for students.","questions":"What is causing stress for students?","answer":"Education"}
{"text":["Presidential candidates sure ate a lot this week - matzah, blintzes, pizza slices. The presidential campaigns have moved to New York for the next primary. After Bernie Sanders won the Democratic primary in Wisconsin this week, Ted Cruz won the Republican side. Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump hope to rebound in more familiar territory. NPR's Ron Elving joins us. Ron, thanks so much for being with us.","Good to be with you, Scott.","Let's begin with the Democrats. They were playing so nicely together. And then this week it seemed like they were calling each other unqualified. Both candidates say they're getting sick and tired. What happened?","I have no doubt that they are sick and tired of each other. But let's be clear, Hillary Clinton never actually said that Sanders was unqualified, despite multiple efforts on the part of many hosts to get her to do that. She kept saying that she thought she was more qualified and so on. And she never would actually say that he was qualified. And this, of course, all followed on a rather rocky interview that Bernie Sanders had with New York Daily News that went viral."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The turn contains multiple layers of meaning, including both explicit and implicit information, and its true significance can only be fully understood through careful analysis of its context and subtext.","questions":"Which turn contains multiple layers of meaning and requires careful analysis to fully understand?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["Well, it's a really interesting response. I mean, she didn't say that she didn't do it. She claimed someone had been hacking her Instagram account, but she was very upset, that she was pregnant and she was seeking legal advice.","Give me a little bit of a sense of how big a story this is in Britain today.","It's the story that everybody needs right now, and it appears that people just can't or won't think of anything else. You've got some of the most serious political journalists in the country joking that maybe we could get Coleen Rooney into No. 10 where the prime minister lives in order to work out who's leaking the Brexit stories that are dominating the front-page headlines. But, honestly, it's just been the respite we've all been hoping for. It's been pouring with rain and sort of doom and gloom in the headlines, and sometimes you just need a little bit of cheer. That's the tea from here.","That is Elizabeth Paton, European style reporter for The New York Times based in London. Elizabeth Paton, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The story is a happy one that is also distracting and the people have been feeling sad so they need the story to make them happy again.","questions":"Which emotions have the people been feeling lately?","answer":"Sad"}
{"text":["For conservative groups that are courting Latinos, Trump's remarks are likely to make their work more difficult. Let's turn now to Daniel Garza. He is the president of The LIBRE Initiative, a free market advocacy group founded by the business and political titans Charles and David Koch, specifically to strengthen Republican support among Latinos. Garza also worked in the George W.  Bush administration. And he joins me now from Mission, Texas. Welcome to the program, sir.","Thank you, Lulu. It's a pleasure to be with you.","So I'd like to get your reaction to the president's comments first.","Well, I mean, I felt the president's remarks were counterproductive to trying to resolve, I think, the DACA negotiations. And, of course, I think it entirely inappropriate. Still, I suspect any political fallout will be mitigated by, I think, the booming economy that we're seeing, resulting in record low unemployment for U. S.  Latinos, 3 percent-plus GDP growth and increases in wages because of the tax reform. So, you know, it's - they were not appropriate.","So it seems like Latinos, at this point, might be a tough crowd, though, for Republicans. Immigration constantly polls as one of the main issues for them. And many view Republicans as being on the wrong side of this debate."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Republicans have a tough time winning over Latino voters","questions":"How do many Latinos view Republicans in the immigration debate?","answer":"Negatively"}
{"text":["From the studios of NPR West, this is Day to Day. I'm Alex Cohen. This Thanksgiving Day, we'll hear how food banks are innovating to meet the needs of the hungry in the U. S.  That's just ahead. First, though, we go to Mumbai, India, where coordinated terrorist attacks began last night, killing more than 100 people. The attacks occurred throughout the city at sites like the Oberoi and Taj Mahal Hotels. Arif Doctor is a lawyer living in Mumbai. We reached him today at his home and asked what the city looks like.","From my home, we're seeing or hearing presently nothing. Last night, we heard three explosions, which we were told were hand grenades, at about midnight and half past one in the morning. And we were told those were hand grenades thrown out of the Oberoi Hotel.","Do you know anyone personally who has been at any of these sites that have come under attack?","We do. We know someone. I'm a lawyer, and there's another fellow lawyer - two fellow lawyers who are in the Oberoi, very senior lawyers who are in the Oberoi. We had contact with them til about four, five in the morning. And after that, we've heard nothing from them. They were in a restaurant which is on the ground floor of the Oberoi. One is called the Tiffin and the other Kandahar. And since that time, we've had no contact with them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the situation in Mumbai is so tense and unpredictable that even small sounds like explosions can cause fear and panic.","questions":"Which sound caused fear and panic in Mumbai last night?","answer":"Explosions"}
{"text":["Well, I say that may be the case. And I'm for affirmative action. I'm for giving opportunities to minorities. I'm for immigration reform. I'm a very proud Hispanic. But I just think the Democratic Party has to communicate a better message of economic populism, of helping small businesses. Somehow the centrist white male, the conservative white male that used to vote Democratic from the South and the Midwest is eluding us. And we've got to get that base back or get some portion of the base because they're leaving us in droves.","And what about those politicians that might say, hey, look, we won a couple of national elections with the demographics that we have in the Democratic Party.","Well, what I say to them is that's great. But we've lost the Congress. We've lost the House. We've lost the Senate. We lose governorships. And, you know, it's not just the presidency that has the power in this country. It's local officials, it's county commissioners, it's governors. It's not just the Congress. It's a whole range of offices where we're not competing because we - we need a stronger, compelling economic message. And somehow, that seems to be eluding us if you look at recent elections, especially in the South and the Midwest.","You've already cited Bernie Sanders. And I gather you have endorsed Hillary Clinton for the Democratic nomination for president. How do you think Secretary Clinton addresses these issues?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  implies that the Democrats should not become complacent with their current demographics and should focus on further outreach","questions":"What is the message that the Democratic Party needs to communicate better according to A?","answer":"Economic"}
{"text":["Well, what it does is it does away with the prohibition against rating on pre-existing conditions, meaning that if you have a pre-existing condition - and about a third of us do - that you could be charged a much higher rate for insurance. So let me give you an example. Somebody is working, they have insurance, and they have a catastrophic illness - cancer, some other calamity. They have to stop working because they need to get their condition taken care of. If they're out for 60 days, they lose their insurance. And now, they have to pay whatever the insurance company decides is the premium because they are - now have a pre-existing condition. Somebody in that situation may never be able to accumulate enough money to pay the very high premiums and get back on the cycle of having continuous insurance coverage.","Now, of course, Speaker Ryan looks forward to what are called now high-risk pools. These would be plans that are essentially devoted to try and accommodate people who have expensive and pre-existing conditions. You're not convinced that would do it.","Well, I think that the problem with those is in the fine print. First of all, very often they are not adequately funded. And many of the high-risk pools have lifetime caps, lifetime limits.","What kind of reforms would you like to make?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Implies that the high-risk pools are often not sufficiently funded and\/or have limits on coverage","questions":"How are high-risk pools often limited?","answer":"Limits"}
{"text":["Hey, how are you?","I'm well. So how big a deal is this for companies that - we now know Uber and Lyft are basically synonymous with app-based ride-sharing?","It's definitely something that they're fighting tooth and nail and hoping that they can avoid being called - calling their workforce employees at this point.","I mean, is it just about money for them - which, I guess, isn't insignificant. Uber hasn't exactly been making a profit."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Fighting tooth and nail is a figurative expression. Here it means they are doing what they can (fighting, but not physically) to avoid calling their workers employees.","questions":"What does the figurative expression \"fighting tooth and nail\" mean?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["The writer Michael Kinsley, who's a friend of this program, wrote about the surge a few months ago. Look at the numbers before the surge. Look at the numbers after the surge. This is what the Bush administration calls a success. One hundred and thirty thousand Americans in Iraq at the beginning and at the end. This country will still have about 130,000 soldiers - American soldiers in Iraq. Michael Kinsley said, have we really succeeded anything or have we just kind of changed the metric in some way?","Oh my Lord. I mean, what we have in Iraq, and I just got back, you know, less than two weeks ago. What we have in Iraq is a government that is elected by its people. It's the only Arab-Muslim country of that type, of that form of government in that region. It will have a long- term security relationship and a strategic relationship with the United States and be aligned with the United States. That is a major positive outcome for us, particularly given the fact that in 2006 we nearly lost the country and suffered a humiliating defeat.","Things do look an awful lot different than they did two years ago. You had a significant role in that, in thinking about what should be done at a time when it was a very unpopular plan to be putting forth. No one was - there wasn't a very big cheering squad for that. I wonder if you sit back on an evening now and feel some kind of sense of satisfaction?What is that?'","Well, I think there were a lot of people that, you know, have a hand in it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : having a hand in it implies being an agent, playing a part or the reason why something happens,  and not meaning to have a part of one's hand inside something","questions":"How does turn 3 define \"having a hand in it\"?","answer":"Agent"}
{"text":["Believe me, I was - I just went into a state of shock. Yeah, it was one of those things. I mean, I guess some people's imaginations run towards good fortune all the time, but I'm sort of the kid who's always sort of preparing myself for the apocalypse. So when something good happens, it's more extraordinary even than normal.","Yeah, do you know who nominated you, by the way?","Oh hell no, and whoever did kept their secret because I had no clue.","Oh, you won't find that out. That's so interesting because I think you'd want to go and thank them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person who nominated A did not reveal themselves intentionally.","questions":"Which turn reveals that PersonA didn't know who nominated them?","answer":"3"}
{"text":["It was really expensive. It was the most expensive substance on Earth at the time. We're talking about equivalent of 2. 2 million dollars for a single gram.","Wow. And in 1917, of course, with World War I cranking up, there was huge military demand for watches that you could see in the dark and dials that you could see in the - in the dark.","That's right. And as you said, this is when the book opens, so shortly before America joined the First World War. And once they did, of course, join that global conflict, there was this huge boom to the radium industry. Soldiers needed watches, and people needed it for the planes and the trucks and so on. And so the dial painters, who were the radium girls - they were employed to paint all these dials with luminous radium paint. And they were taught to lip point, so to put their brushes between their lips to make a fine point for the detailed handiwork.","To actually put the brush with the radium paint into their mouth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3), the speaker mentions the \"radium girls\" who were employed to paint dials with luminous radium paint during World War I. The implied meaning here is that these workers were exposed to dangerous levels of radiation due to their work, which had severe health consequences for many of them.","questions":"How were the dial painters exposed to radiation?","answer":"Mouth"}
{"text":["Hey, Lulu.","So, Gene, let's start by looking at the money involved in big-time college sports. You looked specifically at the Power Five.","Yup, the Power Five conferences - the SEC, the Big Ten, the Big 12, the Pac-12, and the ACC. They win all the trophies, and they make all the money. According to ESPN, in 2015, they made $6 billion.","Six billion?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Power Five conferences win all the trophies and make a lot of money.","questions":"What conferences make all the money and win all the trophies?","answer":"Five"}
{"text":["It probably had more to do with Moore - Roy Moore - and his unique trainload of baggage. But it's still hard not to compare it to what happened back in 2010 when Scott Brown was elected in Massachusetts, taking Teddy Kennedy's seat. And this was at about the same point in President Obama's first term.","That really changed the mood on Capitol Hill. It did not stop the passage of Obamacare, but it signaled a big turnover in Congress in the next elections. And we could be heading into a correction here in the other direction under President Trump.","NPR's Ron Elving. Thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"NPR's Ron Elving thanking Scott\". However, the actual meaning is \"Scott thanking NPR's Ron Elving.","questions":"How did Ron Elving respond to Scott?","answer":"Thanks"}
{"text":["Well, we have very large ones - gorillas are our largest - all the way down to Cotton-top Tamarins, which are probably about a pound.","You've been there for quite a few hours already. How's the day going so far?","My morning has been fairly busy. I went down to our gorilla area. We have a gorilla that has some teeth issues, and we were brushing her teeth. We did a dental rinse on her and getting them ready to go out in their habitat for the day. And I went early this morning to our Mandrill building and was checking the exhibit. We're doing some rehab work and mandrills went out for the first time in several months.","Mandrills is a type of animal?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a pound refers and implies to a body weight and not one British pound","questions":"How much does a Cotton-top Tamarin weigh?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["So who is the ultimate decision-maker here?And what is that person likely to be guided by, if you have any sense of that?For example, is there any precedent that either side could point to that might give us a sense of how this might proceed?","Well, there'll be several levels inside the U. K.  judicial system. There'll be a hearing before a judge in the U. K.  and then probably through an appellate level in the U. K.  And then, if history is any indication, if Mr.  Assange loses, he could then keep appealing all the way up to the European Court of Human Rights saying that his human rights have been violated. Historically, the British have extradited numerous individuals to the U. S. Although many of them and their defense counsel have argued that they would face unfair or improper trials in the U. S. , most of those have been extradited.","But in a few cases in the past, there have been individuals whose extradition from the U. K.  to the U. S.  have been denied. In this case, this will really be, I think, a battle royal because Assange and his lawyers will argue very forcefully that I'm sure particularly the Trump administration is coming after him for political reasons.","So, as you mentioned earlier, Assange has only been charged with one count of conspiracy. If he's extradited to the U. S. , could he face other charges here?And is that something that his lawyers might raise?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Assange could potentially appeal his extradition all the way to the European Court of Human Rights based on historical precedent.","questions":"What court could Assange potentially appeal to?","answer":"European"}
{"text":["Remember, David, the lead FBI agent assigned to this probe started a new job in Virginia this month. And other lawyers have been moving off the team, too. But Andrew Weissmann was, in some ways, aside from Robert Mueller, the most well-known. He's been attacked by conservative talk radio hosts. And he was called a killer by Steve Bannon, one of Trump's former advisers, who also called him the LeBron James of money laundering investigations.","The thinking being that, I mean, once the important work is done, you're going to let your investigators move on, even if you're putting the finishing touches on the report or whatever is happening.","That's exactly right. And we're seeing more high-level departures by the day.","So the prosecutor you're talking about, Andrew Weissmann, I mean, really played a central role in the case against Paul Manafort. And we're seeing a lot of news in that case over the past 24 hours with the sentencing. What exactly is happening?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meaning is that investigators are typically moved off a case once their important work is done, even if there are still finishing touches to be made. This is different from the literal meaning which is simply a statement about the movement of investigators.","questions":"How is the movement of investigators typically handled once their important work is done?","answer":"Move"}
{"text":["This is SCIENCE FRIDAY. I'm Flora Lichtman. If you're listening to our program over the radio today, you have Nikola Tesla to thank. Many of the things we take for granted now - electricity, radar, X-ray technology - come from research done by Tesla about a hundred years ago. But even though he's been come - he's come to be known as the father of the electric age, Tesla died penniless and largely forgotten in 1943.","Skip ahead to present time and enter Matthew Inman, creator of the website The Oatmeal. You may have seen and laughed at his comics, and if you haven't, to get a flavor of them, go to our website at sciencefriday. com to see his one about Tesla. Inman partnered with a nonprofit called the Tesla Science Center at Wardenclyffe on a mission to raise money to buy Tesla's lab in Shoreham, New York, and turn it into a museum. And here's the amazing part: they did it. They raised over $1. 3 million from the public to fund a science museum. There's hope yet. Matthew Inman joins me from Atlanta. Welcome to the program and congratulations.","Oh, yeah, thanks for having me.","Who are these people that gave to your campaign?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Matthew Inman partnered with a nonprofit to raise money to turn Tesla's lab into a museum, and they succeeded.","questions":"How did Matthew Inman and the nonprofit he partnered with succeed?","answer":"Fundraising"}
{"text":["And he didn't live much longer did he?","No. He was - he went back to Vermont, discovered that he had cancer, and dying probably six or eight months after that. One of the things that is very difficult to convey to outsiders is the extent to which heartbreak played such a physical, tangible role in people's decline after the storm, and that certainly people had ailments that may have been bothering them even before the storm, but it seemed that the psychological and emotional toll of the failure of the levees really was that much more exacerbated. You find people who may have had blood pressure problems all their lives suddenly dying of stokes, and we in New Orleans believe firmly that that was because of the pressures brought about as a result of the hurricane and the failure of the levees.","Is that why some people refer to this documentary as a requiem?","Indeed. I mean, we like to refer to it more as a love poem for the city because much of what we really focus on is not the storm at all. A lot of it is to tell you about how important this neighborhood was, to give you some sense of what it feels like to be in the middle of a street parade in the Faubourg Treme. Give you a sense of what our musicians are dealing with and talking about. Give you some sense of what people are writing about. We hesitate to call this a Katrina film. It really is a love poem to New Orleans."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : NOTHING IS NOT GOOD.SO IT WAS A VERY MEANING FULL","questions":"What was the extent to which heartbreak played a role in people's decline after the storm?","answer":"Extent"}
{"text":["When I got toward the end of my research, I tried to contact all the women that I had spoken with and just said, hey, would your husbands be willing to talk?The interesting thing about it was when I spoke to the women, they were all so enthusiastic and passionate. When I talked to their husbands, they were really nice, but they were so clearly disinterested in the topic. It wasn't that they didn't know that their wives are never frustrated with them. It just didn't seem particularly important to them. And I don't mean to imply that they were cold to their wives or indifferent to their wives. It just really didn't register as such a big deal.","Like a fact of life - like, this is just the way things are.","Yes, absolutely. In fact, one of the women that I interviewed said to me, my husband sees we have an issue with this. But he considers it my problem. So he says to me, there's really nothing I can do, and it would be helpful if you weren't so bothered by this.","Wow. Let me ask you this. The amount of child care that men take on was actually rising in the 1980s and '90s. But then we did see it level off. So what happened?It seemed like we were sort of making some progress in this issue."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The word 'Cold' does not literally mean they are cold and chill, it has the implied meaning that they are not in good terms","questions":"What was the response of the women when the researcher asked them about their husbands' willingness to talk?","answer":"Enthusiastic"}
{"text":["We are ecstatic about all the attention we're getting. I mean, we're actually accustomed of making I guess the decision of nominating the first, you know, woman candidate for president or African-American candidate for president, and - or even on the Republican side, nominating that person; who is going to get the nomination for the Republican side. That's all I bring here first. And so we're just really elated to have all that kind of attention and really basking in their joy, you know, right now.","Tell us about what political party you like and what's important to you?","I'm non-partisan. I'm an independent voter. I'm a conservative businessman, I mean, I own my own business. And my leanings are towards whatever politician's going to address a lot of my issues, which is, you know, health care, education, especially I have three teenagers and those type of issues. But again, I'm just so happy to be able to be choosing between a woman and an African-American and a white guy\u2026","\u2026for president."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The turn in (1) implies that the speaker is excited about the attention they're receiving because they have a history of making groundbreaking decisions in the political arena.","questions":"How is the speaker feeling about the attention they're receiving?","answer":"Excited"}
{"text":["There were. There were. There were.","Who were they?","Jefferson and I don't have the full list, but there were some other people who did declare.","Well, I was not aware that there had been a big rush yesterday.","Yeah. Well, I mean, it's not just among the CBC, although there were other members besides yourselves but also in general. You saw this momentum. Do you think that there is an effort to really try to pull together around the presumptive nominee?And to. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : This implies that B is aware that there are some other people who are trying to join hands and support the nominee.","questions":"How many people are trying to join hands and support the nominee, according to PersonB's understanding?","answer":"Many"}
{"text":["I think what to look at closely is oil, and oil here on the island. Cuba has - is not able to meet its own energy demands by itself and has become very dependent for the last 20 years on Venezuela's cheap oil that they're sending to Cuba. What they've done is made an exchange where Cuba gets the oil that it needs, and then Cuba sends doctors and professionals to Venezuela. And that has been severely hurt by the economic crisis in Venezuela right now. And you see that in there's gas rationing right now, and the Cuban government trying to get as much as they can in dollars and foreign currency.","One thing that they've done - you know those classic U. S. , American cars that are still here on the island?Well, those taxi drivers are feeling the pinch of the gas shortages and the oil situation right now. They have to pay very high licenses. This is new only in the last couple months. And they have gas rationing cards that they can only buy a certain amount of gasoline every month.","And Raul Castro has actually come out and warned that hard, austere times are coming. Are Cubans concerned about what they might be facing?","Definitely. And you hear that a lot."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The pinch is not physical but just a tightening of finances due to the situation.","questions":"What is the pinch?","answer":"Tightening"}
{"text":["Well, that might be true. But I just think to put someone on a list for leering - to put that word on a list as an accusation is a pretty strong statement. This is a list being circulated in the business. This is a list meant to affect people's reputations and their careers. Another thing was something like leading multiple women on online was one of the charges on that list. And you know, that's a pretty common thing. And I would say leering's a pretty common thing. So do we really want to put that in writing and like besmirch somebody's reputation over something like that?I don't know.","But should it be a pretty common thing?","Well, these are sort of sleazy behaviors. And maybe they should not. But I'm just not sure these are criminal acts. And I suppose what I want to do is kind of separate what's a real abuse of power or a criminal act from what is kind of like everyday sleazy behavior that we wish wouldn't happen. I mean, we wish it wouldn't happen. But do we want people to lose their jobs over it?","In this article, you write at length about about Lorin Stein, who was until a few weeks ago the editor of Paris Review, who has acknowledged behavior he says he regrets. And you point out the fact that he has has nurtured and supported the careers of many successful women writers. Does one justify the other?Can you expect to get exonerated on that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Distinguishing between criminal acts and sleazy behavior, and whether people should lose their jobs over it.","questions":"Which behavior does PersonA describe as a pretty common thing?","answer":"Leering"}
{"text":["Yes, they are. They're very much weather aware, because the weather here is sometimes pretty tough, like it is in Kansas and Texas and all the other places. But they're weather aware. So, a little bit different. They're used to what we have. They seem to handle it quite well. They, you know, they all pretty well know their safety precautions. They usually react well. So, a little bit different group of people in Oklahoma than you'll find in some other states.","Getting up so many mornings of the year not knowing whether or not a tornado might come churning through your street must make a different kind of person.","It certainly does. And, you know, we do our best to train people to get up in the morning, obviously, and find out if there's a risk. And with the advent of all the wireless devices - the phones and such - it's much easier to do.","But despite all the technical innovations there've been over the years, including a few that you've figured in, like the use of Doppler radar, how predictable is a thing like a tornado?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  B states that \"Getting up so many mornings of the year not knowing whether or not a tornado might come churning through your street must make a different kind of person.\" The implied meaning here is that people who live in areas prone to tornadoes must be resilient and adaptable in order to deal with the constant threat of danger. The literal meaning is simply that living in an area prone to tornadoes must create a different type of person.","questions":"Which type of people does PersonB imply that living in areas prone to tornadoes must create?","answer":"Informed"}
{"text":["So Virginia was demographically the ideal Barack Obama success story. It was not a one color success story. It was a multicolored \u2014 he even did better than he's done anywhere else among Latinos. So Virginia is really, if you will, the marquee state for the Barack Obama coalition that he wants to put together.","What about independent voters?Independents or particularly first time voters seemed to have come out.","Yes. In fact, first time voters are largely a creation in this particular cycle of the Barack Obama campaign. That's why they came out. It isn't just because they are suddenly interested in the political process; it's Obama. And in Virginia in particular Obama did so well among independents that he was the reason largely that Mike Huckabee threatened John McCain at all in Virginia. Otherwise McCain would have counted on five to 10 percentage points more from independents who were being attracted over to the other side by Barack Obama.","Before we let you go, there are so many ways to crunch the delegates on the Democratic side. But specifically in terms of delegates that the two candidates have won, in the primaries and caucuses, how are they standing now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"multicolored\" is a figurative language that means it was not just one racial group that supported Barack Obama.","questions":"How was Virginia's electorate described in relation to Barack Obama's success?","answer":"Multicolored"}
{"text":["And now to the Midwest, where heavy rainfall has made growing conditions tough for farmers. One crop in particular - corn - has been hit hard. According to the Department of Agriculture, this is the slowest start to the corn-planting season on record. To hear more about this, we've called Matt Boucher. He's a fourth generation farmer from Dwight, Ill. , where he grows corn as well as soybeans, wheat and cover crops. And in fact, we caught him out in the field, where he's trying to plant. Matt, welcome. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thanks for having us. Appreciate it.","Well, walk me through the season. What would normally have happened by now, and what has actually happened now?","Well, we're normally completed now. We're moving on to fertilizing corn and maintaining the weed pressures, you know, keeping the weeds out of the field. But right now it's just not the case. We're still planting and trying to get things in and might have some acres we're just not going to be able to get in, no matter what we do.","And why is that?It's just that the ground's been too wet or what?Why is that?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The corn planting season has been slow due to heavy rainfall.","questions":"How has heavy rainfall affected the corn planting season?","answer":"Slow"}
{"text":["Members of the Writers Guild of America are back at work today. The three-month labor dispute with Hollywood producers was put to rest last night. Members voted overwhelmingly to end the strike. The dispute centered on what writers should be paid for work distributed over the Internet. So did the writers get what they wanted?That's the question we pose now to Larry Wilmore. He's a member of the WGA's negotiating committee. He's a long-time television writer and producer, also the senior black correspondent for Comedy Central's \"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart. \"He's a clip of Larry on \"The Daily Show\" before the strike:","American blacks love African art, African clothes, African music. We're just not that crazy about Africans.","Frankly, they kind of overdo it, you know?So for blacks to support Obama, he's got to make up his mind. Is he African or American?Because he can't be both. That doesn't make sense.","You were so wrong, Larry. How are you doing?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"Frankly, they kind of overdo it, you know? So for blacks to support Obama, he's got to make up his mind. Is he African or American? Because he can't be both. That doesn't make sense.\" The literal meaning of this turn is that Obama cannot be both African and American, and that it is difficult for black people to support him. However, the actual meaning is that there is a sense of confusion and identity crisis regarding Obama's background, and that this confusion affects how some black people feel about him.","questions":"What is the underlying meaning of turn 2 in the dialogue?","answer":"Confusion"}
{"text":["And eventually the crowd around him - the crowd of press, kind of got a little bigger. And he sort of looked around and said, maybe this is not something I should be laughing about because, you know, we are in a different age.","Mark, I've got to tell you - this is why I watch the Super Bowl, but I can't watch football during the regular season. It is hard for me to look at those talented athletes and think half of them, if not more, are going to wind up being permanently damaged by what I'm watching them do on the field.","I will tell you, Scott, that the National Football League is very worried about the likes of you and people like you, of which there are many, who are taking a more closer moral look at what they're watching. I mean, football, for many years, has been the great spectacle of American life. Every year, it's, like, 70 or 75 of the most watched television shows in America are almost always football games. We love football.","Having said that, there are a lot more people, and it happens every year. And you have research that comes out every week, it seems, and testimonials from retired players and researched brains from dead players that tell us a little bit more. And as we get smarter, I think the league, you know, has to try to keep up with some kind of rule changes and equipment changes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Watching football is difficult because of the risk of players being permanently damaged.","questions":"How does PersonB feel about watching football during the regular season?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["And what Kansas has done is to try to turn things around once again so that not every parolee who runs afoul of an administrative rule, is immediately shipped back to prison, but instead is given another chance. And actually, the parole officer will work with them to try to keep them out of prison, as opposed to just trying to lock them - lock the cuffs on them as fast as possible.","Well, Jennifer, great to talk to you. Thank you.","Thanks so much, Farai.","Jennifer Gonnerman is the author of \"Life on the Outside: The Prison Odyssey of Elaine Bartlett. \"She wrote the article, \"Slammed: Welcome to the Age of Incarceration. \"It's the lead article in a special edition of Mother Jones magazine examining America's prison system. And she joined us from our NPR Studios in New York."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Not every parolee who violates a rule is sent back to prison immediately","questions":"How does Kansas aim to treat parolees who violate an administrative rule?","answer":"Work"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. That's the thing about everything in life, kind of, is that you kind of have to try certain things out to figure out what you want. So it's like you should always be able to have that moment of, like, figuring out who you are by using a bunch of different things that you've heard already. And then instead of still doing that for your whole career, which I think some people do, you have to take that and, like, digest it and then come out with something that's everything combined. And it's your own thing.","(Singing) Where did you go?I should know. But it's cold. And I don't want to be lonely. So show me the way home. I can't lose another life.","I get that sense of being real is something deeply important.","It's very important for me. I just feel uncomfortable having things be disingenuous. Like, I just have a big thing about honesty and, like, real. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The singer is not actually asking someone to show them the way home but rather expressing their loneliness and desperation due to feeling lost and without direction.","questions":"How is the singer feeling?","answer":"Lonely"}
{"text":["And she - my wife went and found the chaplain at Northwestern - a Lutheran chaplain who'd never performed a wedding before. She came to our room and performed the ceremony, just the three of us. It was a lovely, personal, intimate ceremony. And immediately after the ceremony, I took some pain medication and peed in a cup.","Well, that's one way to say l'chaim, isn't it?I made a short list: addiction abuse, adultery, abandonment, imminent incest and just plain old hatred. So is every family is a little bit like the Westons of Osage County?","What we have seen by doing this play is that the story of this family is pretty universal. And the dinner scene alone, in the theater - I can tell you that some people are howling with laughter, and other people are in tears and crawling under their seats. They find it very upsetting to watch because it hits pretty close to home.","\"Fiddler on the Roof\" with the F word?","That's one way to look at it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : crawling under their seats implies people don't enjoy what they are watching","questions":"Which feeling do some people experience during the dinner scene in the theater?","answer":"Upsetting"}
{"text":["Let's turn now to our regular sports commentator, an all-around know-everything-there-is-to know-in-the-world-of-sports expert, New York Times columnist Bill Rhoden. Hey, Bill.","Hey, great Tony Cox. How are you doing?","I'm doing great, man. Listen, we saw a lot of great retired players in Washington on Tuesday, NBA players like Magic Johnson, Kevin Johnson; football stars like Jim Brown, that we just heard; Mohammad Ali, they were all there. What do you make of their commitment to being a part of all of this?And is it just because of Obama that younger athletes are willing to step up front again and take political positions?","You know, I thought it was great to see those guys and it was a great interview you just did with Jim Brown."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : all-around-know-everything-there-is-to-know-in-the-world-of-sports is sarcasm and it means this person thats being talked about knows a ton on sports and is an expert.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of the phrase \"all-around-know-everything-there-is-to-know-in-the-world-of-sports\"?","answer":"sarcasm"}
{"text":["European companies and the European Union recognize that the dominance of the dollar in international trading gives the United States very considerable power. And I believe that the Iran episode is going to be a turning point. It will show Russia, China, India, the European Union the value of building up alternative mechanisms for concluding international trade that do not use the dollar in any shape or form.","So I think the United States is set maybe to use their excessive power on this occasion but, over the long term, to lose power. And I think that's right. It should be my country that decides what is lawful trade with any other country not the United States. And the United States' use of its dominance in international trading is totally intolerable when it seeks to place U. S.  law above the law of my country as to what my businessmen can do.","That's Sir Richard Dalton, former British diplomat now president of the British Iranian Chamber of Commerce. Thank you for speaking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The United States uses its power in international trade to exert influence over other countries","questions":"Which country's businessmen does PersonA refer to in turn 1?","answer":"my"}
{"text":["And I did. And it hurt me. And I've cried. I've made defendants cry. I had the whole courtroom crying once because my sense of hurt was so real and so immediate.","And everybody talks about the problem in general or their dealing with one person, I used to get the individual en masse, day after day after day. And after a while - now, if you don't care, it's fine. But once you do care, it is exasperating, exhausting, and you feel a sense of complete impotence in dealing with the issue.","What do you think about the debate that goes on in our community around this?Because Judge Arrington has now appeared at an event with Bill Cosby, who's been a big critic of what he sees as the negative sides of black behavior.","So, when you look at this, you look at your experience with seeing the same people go in and out of court, with having people come on your show and disrespect the idea of trying, do you think that the debate that's going on right now in our community is going to produce change or could it divide us, where some people say, I don't need your judgements?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The whole courtroom was probably not crying, it just means that a lot of people present were crying or just moved emotionally.","questions":"Which word describes the emotional response of the courtroom during PersonA's case?","answer":"crying"}
{"text":["Last year, Lolita De Sola made a hard decision; she left her home country and fled north to Mexico City. Because of the move, De Sola was able to release her first album, \"Cattleya. \"She felt she had to leave Venezuela. Her work there, her life was becoming impossible.","When you have a dictatorship or crisis, the first thing that goes away is culture because you need more food, you need more basic stuff, first, then culture.","Today's Venezuela, on the brink of collapse with President Nicolas Maduro refusing to give up power and the prospect of international intervention, with millions of people leaving the country and others so desperate for food they are eating from the trash, this is not the Venezuela Lolita De Sola remembers and longs for.","When I was little, honestly, it was magical. Now I realize how privileged I was to grow up in a place like Venezuela because it's beautiful. Caracas is a valley where you have the mountains and, in half hour, you have the beach. Also you have, like, amazing food. You have perfect weather. And honestly, I like a lot - my childhood - in that sense because I realized that Venezuelans right now don't have the same that I did."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : When you have a dictatorship or crisis, the first thing that goes away is culture because you need more food, you need more basic stuff, first, then culture.\" The literal meaning is that during times of crisis, people prioritize their basic needs like food over cultural activities. ","questions":"How does crisis affect culture according to A?","answer":"Basic"}
{"text":["Well, I have. You know, I was born and raised here in San Diego, and we just love it. But yeah, if - regardless of where the location would be, I would be willing to go anywhere - anywhere in the world for that matter, Afghanistan, Pakistan, anywhere that somebody may be able to offer me a job.","I saw some photographs of you in your condo. You've been packing up there, and I noticed behind the moving boxes, hanging in the window were some Christmas lights and some red ribbons. Are you still going to find some ways to celebrate the holidays despite everything that's going on?","Oh, sure. You know, I mean, the last couple of Christmases haven't been all the greatest, you know, because of the situation as well. And so, we're almost kind of getting used to it, but this one just hurts especially bad. But my wife and I are members of the Salvation Army church in Alcahone. You know, so, you know, we haven't forgotten really what Christmas is all about.","It's not about us and each other and the gifts, and at least that's what we want to think right now. But we're really just remembering the birth of our savior."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They are focusing on the true meaning of Christmas rather than gifts and themselves","questions":"How are they celebrating Christmas this year?","answer":"Church."}
{"text":["Let's start with the idea of this weight loss or calories burned. How does this compare to other athletes in other sports?","One of the basic facts was the 1984 World Chess Championship, right?So after five months and 48 games, defending champion Anatoly Karpov had lost 22 pounds. And some people said he looked, like, dead. Chess players were burning calories around the same rate as tennis players and competitive marathon runners. Like, in October 2018, Polard, this company that tracks heart rates, monitored chess players during a tournament and found out that this 21-year-old Russian grandmaster, Mikhail Antipov, had burned 560 calories in two hours, which we found out was roughly what Roger Federer would burn in one hour of singles tennis.","And I talked to Robert Sapolsky. He's been studying primates for a long time now, and he corroborated that fact and said that, you know, chess players can burn up to 6,000 calories in a day by playing a tournament, which is three times that of any human on a regular day.","Now, what did you learn about why?Is it that their brains are just using that much energy, or is there something physiological going on?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Some people said due to the fact that he was so thin that he looked like he was dead as dead people have no fat.","questions":"How did some people describe Anatoly Karpov's appearance after the 1984 World Chess Championship?","answer":"Dead."}
{"text":["And let's talk about the rivals themselves once they were in the Cabinet. You wrote about this this week in the Los Angeles Times in an op-ed. And you noted that, two years into Lincoln's administration, there was a full-blown crisis in Lincoln's Cabinet. What was that about?","Well, we reached this point in the middle of the war - it's December 1862 - when Lincoln actually says to one of his closest friends, we are now on the brink of destruction. And he was talking about a Cabinet crisis that was the result of this friction between these rivals. There was backbiting and intrigue, and it was ugly. Lincoln survived it, and that's why we tend to forget how ugly it was. But, you know, in the first two years of the conflict, the president is really struggling to manage these balky rivals.","And they're unable to, what, subsume their own egos to that of the president's?","You know, in retrospect, I think Doris Kearns Goodwin, you know, has a lot of wisdom when she says Lincoln had great personal strength to reach out to his rivals. But at the time, it was considered tremendous weakness and therefore, people in Washington at the beginning of the administration thought he was weak, and they tried to take advantage of it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is reflecting on the fact that Lincoln's willingness to work with his rivals was seen as a weakness by some in Washington at the time, but in hindsight, it was a display of personal strength and leadership","questions":"What did people in Washington consider Lincoln's willingness to work with his rivals at the beginning of his administration?","answer":"Weak"}
{"text":["And what did Ben Bernanke say to you in terms of admitting that perhaps that was a mistake, or anything else?Did he say to you that he made any mistakes along the way?","Well, I think he did, you know - as I say, the sort of news in the article was that he did concede that the Fed and he had been slow to understand really what was going on with this subprime crisis. I mean, it's easy to be critical. A lot of people on Wall Street didn't understand it, either, a lot of people in the Treasury Department. In fact, it's very hard to find anybody at all who really understood the full scale of this, you know, going back six, twelve months.","There were people saying that there was going to be a housing, you know, a housing collapse. I'd even said that myself. But nobody really realized how intertwined the financial system was with the financial markets. And nobody realized that a drop in house prices would basically render much of the American financial system insolvent, which is what has happened.","John Cassidy is a staff writer at the New Yorker Magazine. His article on Ben Bernanke is in this week's issue. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : along the way means in this context throughout a period of time","questions":"Which magazine published the article on Ben Bernanke?","answer":"NewYorker"}
{"text":["I've always felt like with Britain that there was always a kind of low-grade racism that one experienced almost on a daily basis. Like, in America, you feel it's a much bigger convulsion. And the society is kind of reckoning with it in a more sincere but more troubled way. In England, it was always very light, you know?So it was - you'd come in and the guys on the walkie-talkie would be like, ah, you're the Indian fellow who's going with Gabriella. And it was like - so like. . .","A limerick.","Yeah. The first line of a limerick. But obviously, there was an implication because at that point, there was no one of my shape and size and color around, you know?So it was definitely there.","You focus in this piece on Princess Michael of Kent, who recently, of course, caused controversy when she wore a blackamoor brooch when she met Meghan Markle, who is biracial. And you say that that isn't surprising that she would have done something like that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The remark had racial undertones because of his skin color","questions":"What was the remark made by the guys on the walkie-talkie about the Indian fellow?","answer":"Indian"}
{"text":["Sean Flynn describes what he calls the beat-by-beat horrors of those terrifying 198 minutes in the August issue of GQ, and he joins us now from member station WCPN in Cleveland. Good to have you with us today.","Oh, thanks, Neal. It's good to be here.","And you tell the story through the eyes of several witnesses. The first person we meet is a young man named Adrian.","Yeah. Adrian was, you know, oddly enough, he was brand new to a leadership position in the AUF, the youth wing of the Labor Party. He had just been hired 11 days earlier as the district secretary from the town of Skien. And when this first started happening, he didn't recognize this as gunfire. He didn't really know to be afraid. He was curios because people don't shoot each other in Norway. And he was convinced that because of the bombing, this must be some sort of prank, that it was, you know, maybe an exercise that the Labor Party was putting on to try to show these kids what it would be like to live in a warzone."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Adrian was inexperienced and naive, and did not immediately understand the gravity of the situation, mistaking the gunfire for a prank.","questions":"How did Adrian initially interpret the sound of gunfire?","answer":"Prank"}
{"text":["This got a no.","So the applicant explained when they applied for this. They said, quote, \"It has no meaning. I just want to get it because I like it. That's it. \"The DMV recognized very quickly - they said 420 - national smoke day - 420 - marijuana. So it's a reference to marijuana and cannabis.","Sorry, Eddi. All right. Here's the next one.","UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #1: H-O-T-N-S-X-E. Hot and sexy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #1: H-O-T-N-S-X-E. Hot and sexy.  In this turn, the literal meaning of the letters spelled out is \"H-O-T-N-S-X-E\", but the actual meaning is \"hot and sexy\".","questions":"How was the meaning of \"H-O-T-N-S-X-E\" interpreted?","answer":"interpreted"}
{"text":["And this could sound obvious, and this could sound like a no-brainer. But the reality in Mexico is that whenever a journalist is killed, investigators - their first reaction is to always try to find a motive that is not related to journalistic work. So they find any other motive - economic motive or maybe a passion motive, anything except journalistic work because they don't want to admit that they have a problem of press freedom in their hands. But I think in this case it is really obvious why Javier Valdez was killed.","Yeah. This is going to sound naive. But why do you think it's important to do stories like that?I mean, drug cartels - people often prefer just to look the other way - don't they?","Well, yes. But if you don't report on them, then nobody else will. And it is not just the stories about the drug cartels. It is the stories about the consequences that they are unleashing in Mexican public life in every level. I live in a city that, for years, was the turf in a turf war between two drug cartels. And the effects of the violence that they unleashed was devastating for the city because investment never came in. Jobs were not created. Nightlife shut down. People stopped going out on the street. We all started to distrust from one another. Neighborhoods began putting up gates and fences, and so it was really disruptive.","Your newspaper was attacked, wasn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"the consequences that they are unleashing in Mexican public life in every level\" - the literal meaning is the results or outcomes that are being released or let loose, but the actual meaning is the negative effects that are impacting Mexican society at all levels.","questions":"Which levels of Mexican society are being impacted by the consequences mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Mexican"}
{"text":["Well, Mr.  Market feels pretty strongly that he's seen this show before. And. . .","He's counting on something to be worked out at the last minute.","That's right. The real question is, if by Thursday there's no deal, will stock markets still be gaily rising?I think the answer is probably no.","I was struck by a phrase in Chris Arnold's piece about the dollar being the bedrock currency for much of the world. Is that jeopardized?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) He's counting on something to be worked out at the last minute: Implied Meaning: He's expecting a solution to be found shortly before the deadline.","questions":"How is Mr. Market feeling about the show?","answer":"Expecting"}
{"text":["No. But what about the misinformation campaign that we keep discovering more about, hacking, what seems to be just a lot of Russian involvement on a lot of different fronts?Why - what is the Russian interest in causing unrest or consternation in the United States or Western Europe?","Well, actually, I think that causing unrest and consternation is an end in itself. And part of it - part of the goa; is psychological. You know, all of us are interested in seeing our worldviews affirmed. And Russia's worldview - the Russian - the contemporary Russian ideology is that the whole world is rotten. Everybody is corrupt. Everything is for sale. Elections and the United States are just as rigged as they are in Russia. And so sowing the kind of disruption that Russia is sowing first and foremost pursues the goal of affirming that view.","Much of your book is devoted to the stories of four Russians who'd hoped that when the Soviet Union came undone, free speech and democracy would take hold. What happened instead?","Well, actually, those four Russians were much too young to hope for anything when the Soviet Union collapsed. They were preschoolers or kindergarteners when the Soviet Union collapsed. But what happened - and I was interested in them because they came of age - you know, they - or they became human beings in the 1990s, a period that is variously portrayed as a flowering of democracy or as a period of chaos and, you know, robber barons and that sort of thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) implies that Russia's goal is to promote a worldview that everything is corrupt and that its tactics are meant to psychologically influence others;","questions":"Which goal does Russia's approach pursue?","answer":"Goal"}
{"text":["The Trump administration - or at least the president - have indicated previously they don't share this conclusion. Saudi Embassy says the claims and the purported assessment are false. Now, let's note - President Trump has often criticized the U. S.  intelligence establishment, saying they're not right on Russia. Oh, yeah. They were the ones who said Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.","We have to ask, is there any indication in this CIA report, which has sources inside, that this is some kind of attempt by what the president's supporters call the deep state to bring him into line?","No, I don't think so. I mean, the CIA - you know, for all of the ways that the president somehow misunderstands how they operate - is looking at this situation objectively. And, yes, to some degree, they are factoring in subjective judgments about how people behave, like the crown prince. But this is not an attempt, I think, to, you know, bring the crown prince to heel or to somehow influence policy.","And we should note, too, the president, I mean, has been briefed on the CIA's findings. And what we understand is that he keeps resisting them because he doesn't have, I guess, the smoking gun. He keeps asking, well, where's the body?Or, show me the definitive proof that Mohammed bin Salman ordered this. And, you know, it doesn't always work that way."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement implies that President Trump has a history of not trusting U.S. intelligence agencies, which may affect his response to the CIA report on the killing of Jamal Khashoggi.","questions":"What is the potential impact of President Trump's mistrust of U.S. intelligence agencies on his reaction to the CIPersonA report on the killing of Jamal Khashoggi?","answer":"impact"}
{"text":["From the studios of NPR West, this is Day to Day. I'm Alex Cohen. This Thanksgiving Day, we'll hear how food banks are innovating to meet the needs of the hungry in the U. S.  That's just ahead. First, though, we go to Mumbai, India, where coordinated terrorist attacks began last night, killing more than 100 people. The attacks occurred throughout the city at sites like the Oberoi and Taj Mahal Hotels. Arif Doctor is a lawyer living in Mumbai. We reached him today at his home and asked what the city looks like.","From my home, we're seeing or hearing presently nothing. Last night, we heard three explosions, which we were told were hand grenades, at about midnight and half past one in the morning. And we were told those were hand grenades thrown out of the Oberoi Hotel.","Do you know anyone personally who has been at any of these sites that have come under attack?","We do. We know someone. I'm a lawyer, and there's another fellow lawyer - two fellow lawyers who are in the Oberoi, very senior lawyers who are in the Oberoi. We had contact with them til about four, five in the morning. And after that, we've heard nothing from them. They were in a restaurant which is on the ground floor of the Oberoi. One is called the Tiffin and the other Kandahar. And since that time, we've had no contact with them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the situation in Mumbai is so tense and unpredictable that even small sounds like explosions can cause fear and panic.","questions":"How did PersonA describe the explosions they heard last night in Mumbai?","answer":"Handgrenades"}
{"text":["Every president in his or - his - well, I should say his or her. Every president in their first year has an unexpected crisis, whether it's national security, a natural disaster, domestic unrest. This is certainly shaping up to be Donald Trump's unexpected crisis. And I think he realizes that. And the stakes are getting higher, and I think that's why he's lashing out more because I think he realizes what's going on.","It's moved to the capital. As we said Secretary Price has resigned, but at least three more Cabinet members face similar accusations about charter jets. Whatever happened to them, can the Trump administration say they'll drain the swamp when they seem to be flying over it in private jets?","You, know, this reminds me of that line from \"The Godfather\" about Mr.  Corleone likes his bad news early. Donald Trump is not like bad news. And this was starting to spread to other cabinet members, obviously. And I think the we'll-see when he was asked whether Trump - I mean, whether Price should resign was his way of signaling, yes. And sure enough, Tom Price offered his resignation. And unlike the Session's case, the president accepted it because I think he sees this for the irony that it is of his own cabinet doing what he campaigned exactly against.","Is the Republican Party offering much of a profile of leadership at the moment?- can't get Repeal and Replace passed, the tax code seems - proposal seems fuzzy, federal response seems to certainly be slow if not negligent in Puerto Rico. We could go on."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - The actual meaning is that the Republican Party's leadership is being questioned due to their inability to pass important legislation and their slow response to certain issues, such as the hurricane in Puerto Rico.","questions":"How is the Republican Party's leadership being questioned?","answer":"Leadership"}
{"text":["So we're getting 40 new mutations per generation in these 2,000 necessary genes for intelligence is what you're saying, and over the millennia, these things add up.","Exactly. I mean, that is - you made one jump there that is not correct, and that is that the new mutations are not necessarily in the intelligence genes. They're just spread out randomly over the genome.","I see.","They have a certain probability of hitting these - this group of genes that are the cognitive genes so that among those genes, we know that they behave like links on a chain, that is if any one of them is mutated there is a cognitive problem."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : I see means in this context I understand ","questions":"Which cognitive genes behave like links on a chain?","answer":"Cognitive"}
{"text":["(Singing) When the night comes. And you lay your weary had to rest. No more trials, no test. When the night comes. . .","That kind of thing.","Dan Auerbach, thank you for putting up with my really (Soundbite of laughter) miserable drumming. My rhythm section was lousy, but you sounded great.","I just felt like I was on \"American Idol. \""],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : He felt like he was watching a contestant on a game show.","questions":"How did PersonA feel during the performance?","answer":"Game"}
{"text":["But people in India really are angry. I have lived in this country in two different periods for about 15 years. I have never seen anything like this before. You see it in other countries, but you don't often see it in India, where people take to the streets and complain. They want change.","There hasn't been much change. All we've seen so far is the home secretary, the home minister, that's the head of the security services, I suppose, being changed, and nothing else has. The armed forces chief and other people are arguing and doing a blame game as to who's responsible, and people are getting angrier.","They want change in terms of attitudes and actions by the politicians and the bureaucrats. They want visible signs of the corruption, which impedes India's efficient government, to stop, and they also want signs that something is being done to stop further attacks.","Elections in India aren't too far off. Is this a signal that the current government might be in jeopardy?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The people want visible and effective action against corruption and terrorism.","questions":"What do the people want to see in terms of action against corruption and terrorism?","answer":"Action"}
{"text":["And so the last of this accretion events formed the moon, because accretion, when you have giant planets the size of Mars and Earth hitting each other, it's a pretty messy phenomenon.","But based on news this week, it sounds like that may not be the best theory.","Well, you know, the devil gets down to the details, and when you push these models forward, they start to come apart, and that's kind of the fun thing about science is you're sort of grasping at things, and they - sometimes you get them and hold them in your hand for a while, and they slip away like a fish.","Here we had this notion - and the reason this is so exciting right now is that starting in, you know, the mid-1970s, these sort of back-of-the-envelope calculations said hey, you know, we think planets formed this way, by collisions. We think we can explain the spin of the Earth, which is actually pretty fast if you add in the spin of the moon to the spin of the Earth, you know, that moon's orbiting the Earth, and if you think of it as one single planet, and if you brought all that mass together into one place, it would be equivalent to the Earth spinning with a period of only five hours, so much faster than it is today."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The current theory about the formation of the moon might not be accurate","questions":"What was the subject of the news mentioned by B?","answer":"moon"}
{"text":["Then later on, I ended up having to deal with, really, racism from both sides, from white people, as well as from black people who claimed that I was not really black because of the music I listened to or the way that I speak or some intangible delineation that people make in terms of how you're supposed to behave based upon the color of your skin.","Well, Brian, you know, you went on to basically go about your life and kind of sublimate this incredible pressure. But at some point, it all broke for you. What happened then?","Well, what happened was - I should back up and say that at the time that I wrote \"Not a Genuine Black Man,\" the book and the play, I decided that in order for it to be real and to be true and to be what I wanted it to be, I'd have to be completely naked. And that being the case, I knew that I would have to talk about the darkest moment in my life, which was a very severe period of depression I went through in 1999.","I had - I didn't realize it at the time, but apparently I had suffered depression since childhood, from all of the, you know, strangers driving down the street yelling the N-word, not being included because I was the only black kid and being different. And I'd spent a lot of time isolating and by myself."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A faced racism from both white and black people due to his behavior and interests not aligning with stereotypes of his skin color.","questions":"What was the darkest moment in PersonA's life?","answer":"Depression"}
{"text":["You know, we have gone from this is a media hoax and fake news to calling it a witch hunt to saying that it was business as usual to meet with Russians about dirt on Hillary Clinton to saying that maybe we need to get out that pardoning power. The president is tweeting about this just this morning. He says he has complete and total pardon power but the only crimes that have been committed so far have been those of the leakers.","And of course, the background here is that Robert Mueller's investigating team - he's the special counsel looking into the Russia connection - may be looking to the larger reality of the Trump world's financial relationships with various Russians. And that may be what's prompting all this talk about investigating the investigators or pushing back on some of Mueller's hires or even using the pardon power.","I'll bet that the attorney general, Jeff Sessions, has had better weeks.","Oh, you know, indeed. We've had an overnight report, again from The Washington Post, that is based again on leaks from the U. S.  intelligence agencies. Apparently, there are intercepts of former Russian ambassador Sergey Kislyak reporting back to Moscow about his conversations with Jeff Sessions. We knew they had had conversations, but he has always said that they had nothing to do with the campaign. He was, of course, important to the Trump campaign for a senator who endorsed him. And he continues to stand by that statement this morning that he and Kislyak never talked about the campaign. But the Post says these intercepts show that Kislyak says differently."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"investigating the investigators\" and \"pushing back\" are also figurative language, not meant to be taken literally.","questions":"What are \"investigating the investigators\" and \"pushing back\" considered as?","answer":"Described"}
{"text":["That was just - what I did, I picked students that I've had in class before. I'm a business education teacher. So I made sure they were students that really were comfortable with the computer and they could get the information that I needed. So I really just gave them - I rented my classroom out for - actually I did it for two Saturdays. And I had five students come in each time. And I just gave them topics that I wanted questions about. And then I just had one or two of those students verify the information, and then I went back over and I verified it as well.","You've got a company now called Jornic DVD Games. What are your plans in terms of the company?Are you going to try and put out more titles?","Absolutely. After - I'm looking at putting out one more title before the Christmas holiday, but I haven't decided. I'm looking at a couple, but I haven't made a decision yet.","You're still going to teach, and you're going to try to design more games. Are you afraid that, you know, are you afraid of losing your shirt in business?Because you know, there's nothing guaranteed."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A rented out her classroom to students to collect information for her business.","questions":"How did PersonA collect information for her business?","answer":"Students"}
{"text":["Help us understand how - what life has been like in Venezuela over the past few years that's brought the country to this point.","Venezuela's shockingly misgoverned. It's hard to wrap your head around a country that has lost half of its GDP in five years without a war. That's worse economic performance than Syria. It's the - only the first case of hyperinflation in Latin America in the 21st century. Inflation is running at over 1 million percent a year, and prices are doubling every three weeks or so. And so what we've seen is a mass exodus. People have just walked - in many cases, actually walked - tens, hundreds of kilometers to the border of Colombia and Brazil to find a better life in neighboring countries.","So it's a first humanitarian crisis in South America in the 21st century. And neighboring countries have never seen anything like it. Colombia had to send a fact-finding team to the Turkish-Syrian border to figure out how to deal with an influx of hundreds of thousands of desperate, hungry people.","Can your reporters operate freely?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to wrap your head around something in this context means to understand something that is really horrible","questions":"What does Venezuela's economic performance compared to Syria's suggest?","answer":"Worse"}
{"text":["Do you think the royal family can really survive in a time when we have other kinds of celebrities that cost the taxpayer nothing?I mean, clearly, a lot of hopes are being placed on not only Meghan Markle and Prince Harry but the other younger royals like Prince William.","I very, very sincerely believe that Britain couldn't do without them. There's such a deep attachment. They're sort of the very, like, emblem of history, of continuity. Unlike America, there's been almost a kind of - a certain kind of disregard for history. Britain has always fallen back on the past. It's always needed the past. So they're - I think that they will find a way for the royal family to continue to carry on that symbolism, at least.","I must ask you - are you attending the wedding?","I'm not."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker believes that the royal family is being given an unfair advantage over other kinds of celebrities that don't cost taxpayers anything. Score: 4","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion on the royal family's significance in British history and culture?","answer":"Deep"}
{"text":["Economics and public policy analysis, oddly enough.","What happens if you get sick?","Well, there's kind of the rub. That's the risk that you're taking, in that if something catastrophic or something major were happen, you know, I become a burden to the society around me because I wouldn't be able to afford it. At the same time, in some ways, I've already been a burden to society because, you know, I went to a state school in North Carolina. So my education was heavily subsidized by the taxpayers in that state.","So I have a responsibility now to produce more - whether it's economically or culturally - than I did before I earned those degrees. So I've got to weigh: Is the risk that I pose to society, if I get sick and I'm not insured, greater than the benefit that could happen if that $740 next year helps me jumpstart my career. And right now, I don't think that risk is greater than the potential benefit.","Boy, you were an economics major, weren't you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The literal meaning of \"Boy, you were an economics major, weren't you?\" is asking whether or not the person studied economics as a major. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is making a sarcastic comment about the person's discussion on weighing the risks and benefits of getting sick without insurance. The speaker is implying that the person's economic background is influencing their decision-making process.","questions":"Which comment was sarcastic?","answer":"sarcastic"}
{"text":["There are. It's been a very dry summer. We had the wettest May on record, but then we had the driest June on record. So since June 1, we've only had 0. 06 inches of rain in Anchorage. So everything is turning pretty crispy. And we've got a pretty big fire down on the Kenai, which is blowing smoke into the Anchorage area. And then we've got a fire north in the Matanuska-Susitna Valley. And then we've got fires dotted across the state.","Well, northern Alaska has seen dramatic effects of climate change - thawing permafrost, we've seen that decreasing arctic ice. Is this heat wave part of that bigger trend?","I think it is. We're definitely seeing warmer-than-normal conditions. Like, the 90-degree temperature is 25 degrees above our average. Our average for this time of year is 65 degrees. And just in the last 10 days, we had six record-high temperatures. So not just this year, but overall, the trend for Anchorage and all of Alaska is a steady increase and a steady warming.","What is the forecast then for the next, say, few days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The temperature has been steadily increasing in Anchorage and all of Alaska.","questions":"How has the temperature been changing in Alaska?","answer":"Steadily"}
{"text":["Well - and I think I'll compete by getting out there, by talking to folks like I always do. I think I've also done more on sort of the original sin of where we are in a post-Citizens United world, getting rid of dark money and the outside influences of dollars. When laws are literally written now to make donors happy, we've got a problem.","We do know that voters are very concerned about health care. We certainly saw that in the midterm elections. And you recently expanded Medicaid in your state - something that you've just mentioned.","We got it reauthorized, yeah.","But you haven't publicly supported single-payer health care. That seems to be a very popular position in the Democratic Party now, along with the Green New Deal. What is your position on single-payer and the Green New Deal?","You bet. You bet. First, starting, like, everyone should have access to health care. And it should be affordable. And that is what I've been working on in Montana, both through Medicaid expansion, through high-risk pools, through other things. And I think that you can get to universal accessibility and affordability in a way that isn't necessarily Medicare for all because you'd be disrupting - I don't know - 155 million people that have employer-sponsored health care. You do it by having a public option, no Medicare buy-in. It's about time when we can negotiate prescription drug prices with the biggest payer, which is Medicare. But it's that corrupting dollars that keep us out of that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"You do it by having a public option, no Medicare buy-in.\" - The phrase \"you do it\" here means \"the solution is to,\" and does not refer to a physical act of doing something.","questions":"Which phrase indicates that a public option without Medicare buy-in is the solution for universal accessibility and affordability of healthcare?","answer":"Public-option"}
{"text":["It looks like a stationary bike.","And in your video - it's our Video Pick of the Week, which you have called the best laboratory in the world?","It was enamored with this lab. I'm just going to be honest. I thought it was the coolest lab.","Coolest lab in the world."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  A: \"It was enamored with this lab. I'm just going to be honest. I thought it was the coolest lab.\" In this turn, the phrase \"enamored with this lab\" and \"coolest lab\" are used figuratively to express a strong liking or admiration for the lab, rather than indicating a literal romantic or temperature-related meaning.","questions":"How was PersonA's reaction to the lab?","answer":"Enamored"}
{"text":[". . . and copied the symbols that most closely resembled the text. And we had a friend who lived across the street who was an artist, and he helped me translate it into proper copy. And then we resubmitted it to Stan.","And Stan was stuck.","And so he smiled, accepted defeat, and this became the first page of this book.","All right, so this came to light recently because Stanley Fischer was head of the Bank of Israel, and he's nominated to be vice chairman of the U. S.  Federal Reserve. Somebody got the idea that it was about time to find out what this is all about, I gather.","Somebody thought - somebody in my team thought that it would be fun to actually put this as a challenge, and basically promised a prize to whoever would be able to make sense of that page."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : 5: Someone on A's team proposed the challenge as a fun activity, not as a serious test. There are no turns in this conversation whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. All of the turns are being used in a straightforward and literal manner.","questions":"Which turn in the conversation suggests that the challenge proposed by someone on PersonA's team was just for fun?","answer":"Proposed"}
{"text":["Thank you. Thanks for having me.","Now, Mr.  Pruitt approached deregulation with enthusiasm. Quickly, could you just give us a sense of his principal achievements?","He had actually very few achievements. He has many proposals in the pipeline. But most are in the pipeline, and most are deeply flawed.","So not likely to go zipping along and become new regulations.","I think that many will probably be revisited and, if they want them to be successful, will have to be adjusted and pay more attention to the law and pay more attention to science and protection of the environment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is trying to make A speak positively about Mr. Pruitt's achievements","questions":"How did PersonA describe Mr. Pruitt's achievements?","answer":"paltry"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah, yeah, no, I mean, we do excited about it. And in the case of Pluto, we're excited about it because Pluto could be a remnant from the early solar system. It could really tell us a lot about how we all got here. So, for me, this was really the highlight of the year, personally. I mean, we - you know, humanity sends a probe from more than three billion miles away, so far away it took four and a half hours just for the photos to make their way back at the speed of light. And, you know, this little probe gets these great pictures, sends them back and we learn just an enormous amount. It was very cool.","Now, I don't want to leave without talking about space cuisine. I understand there were important advances in the grub you get in space.","That's right. Space food is notoriously horrible to eat. It's all this vacuum-packed, freeze-dried stuff. It's sort of - they - they extrude it out of these packages and it comes out as a paste. It looks awful. But this year, they managed to grow some lettuce up there. And so for the first time, astronauts were actually allowed to eat it. They brought up a little balsamic vinaigrette to put on it. You know, this sounds kind of trivial. It is a little silly, but it's not as easy as it sounds. I mean, remember, plants, you know, grow on Earth and. . .","Well, we've all seen the movie where they had a hell of a time trying to grow potatoes on Mars."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Turn (1) has a figurative meaning: \"highlight of the year\" does not refer to an actual bright light but rather an important event or achievement.","questions":"How was Pluto significant to the speaker?","answer":"Remnant"}
{"text":["One option for mothers who feel they aren't able to properly raise a child is to surrender their infants anonymously. So-called safe-haven laws let moms give up their children at local hospitals, police and fire stations without legal consequence. They're intended as a way to save babies from grim fates. Pete Pircsh is a state senator in Nebraska.","2004, a 2-day-old infant was abandoned in a canal near the Elkhorn River in Norfolk. The baby had been dead for about two days at the time it was discovered. In 2007, a woman found a baby boy abandoned in a tote bag between a trash bin and a discarded TV, and there are other incidents like that.","This summer, Nebraska became the last state in the nation to pass a safe-haven law, and theirs is a bit different. Pirsch wrote an amendment to the bill that says children as old as 19 can be left at safe havens. Most states only allow parents to drop off their children if they're less than a year old.","If they're on the point where they, out of frustration or anger, may actually injure the child, then this is a vastly superior system to set up because it will take the child from that position of danger and place him into a safe environment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Nebraska's safe-haven law allows children up to the age of 19 to be left at safe havens.","questions":"Which state allows children up to the age of 19 to be left at safe havens?","answer":"Nebraska"}
{"text":["I mean, race is all throughout this conversation in the way people think about it and who the actual players are literally in this case. So Shaun Harper, who is a scholar on diversity in higher education at USC, said that, you know, many of the schools in the Power Five were either officially or effectively segregated for most of their histories. And that has really tangible consequences for the way campus life looks. And so these are conceived as white spaces. Their fan bases are white. Their alumni bases are white. Their cultural spaces are white. And so black students will be players in football and basketball. They'll be on the court and the field but they won't be in the stands.","So you're saying black people will be players. What do those demographics look like?","So most of the players in the money sports, in football and basketball at the Power Five schools, are black. So 56 percent of the basketball players - men's basketball players - are black. Fifty-five percent of the football players are black. But 2. 4 percent of the students at these schools are black men. And so this is -","Only?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The schools in the Power Five are predominantly white spaces.","questions":"How are the schools in the Power Five characterized?","answer":"White"}
{"text":["James Foley would have turned 41 today. The journalist who was murdered by the Islamic State was known for his reporting on the conflicts of the Middle East. Jim Foley's life will be celebrated in his hometown of Rochester, New Hampshire today. The memorial service is taking place at Our Lady of the Holy Rosary Parish. Father Marc Montminy, a close friend of the family, is leading the service. He joins us now. Thanks for being with us.","You're very welcome. It's good to be with you.","What do you remember about Jim Foley?","We remember him as a child. Many people around the world remember him more as an adult 'cause when you're young, you see people from one vantage point. As you get older, they develop and grow into their own person. Jim was always a happy guy. He was also, I felt, very pensive at times. He was a thinker. He was the type of guy who could see things that perhaps other people didn't see as clearly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"He was the type of guy who could see things that perhaps other people didn't see as clearly.\" - The literal meaning of this statement is that Jim Foley had the ability to perceive things more clearly than others.","questions":"What was one of Jim Foley's qualities according to person A?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["And does it help to have someone like Drake courtside (laughter)?","I think for some people it does. I think the power of celebrity is something that is immensely powerful. And he's someone that just adds to the level of attention that's happening here. This is going to be the first championship series for a major sport in Canada in the Internet era, and every bit of notoriety helps, and Drake is a part of that.","Bruce Arthur, sports columnist for the Toronto Star. Thank you for talking about the Raptors with us, and best of luck.","Absolutely. My pleasure. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Drake contributes to the publicity of the Raptors' championship series","questions":"What is one factor that adds to the level of attention for the Raptors' championship series?","answer":"Notoriety"}
{"text":["I do. And there was a series that was done on PBS. I think it was - I can't remember which report - I think it was Andrea Mitchell, I'm not sure, where she did a lot of interviews with Generation Next. And these are the young people in our society who are just going into high school. And these are the young people in our society who are just going in to high school. And these are young people who have totally different ideas about race than we do and how they can get along with each other. But what was missing was concrete information, science and history and an understanding of social structure, so that they could have these conversations. So part of what I'm excited about is this is a project that gives young people, who are already thinking about bridging gaps and already thinking about bridging divides of culture and race, to have tools to talk about this in ways that our generation did not.","Yolanda, thank you so much.","You are welcome.","Yolanda Moses is on the advisory board of a project called \"Race - Are We So Different?\"She's also vice-provost for diversity and conflict resolution at the University of California at Riverside."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Yolanda Moses has expertise in diversity and conflict resolution","questions":"Which project is Yolanda Moses on the advisory board of?","answer":"Race"}
{"text":["Let me go from pickles to apples and Poland because the agricultural minister apparently went on TV saying he thought Russia had broken international law with the embargo. And now they're asking the United States to purchase Poland's excess apples, which must be a lot of apples. Is Poland more exposed than, say, Germany?","On fruit, Poland is much more exposed than Germany. If you look at the exposure of countries - Poland on produce, Britain on finance, France has a big military order with Russia and there's a dispute over whether those vessels - those ships should be delivered. And for Germany, Volkswagen - those are the companies that are worried. So the food sanctions business doesn't hit Germany like it hits Poland.","Norwegian salmon - I guess there's also concern there too because even - there's only so much salmon even Norwegians themselves can eat and they need Russia's - that market.","Sure, and that's a big market for Norway. Fish producers in Britain are also very worried about it. But the countries say they will go on. And they also assert who's this going to hurt?If you read the Russian press, there is a view that sanctions against - or the reverse sanctions, as it were, by Russia against the European Union will actually help Russian producers. They say this is the chance for us to produce and to get our own markets going."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Looks like we have a lot to catch up on\" might imply that the speaker and listener have not talked or seen each other in a while and there is a lot of news or updates to share.","questions":"Which turn implies that the countries affected by the Russian food sanctions assert that it will help their own producers?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["With more tariffs looming in the U. S. -China trade war, American companies are growing more pessimistic about the outlook for doing business in China. But 87% of U. S.  firms with operations in China say they still haven't moved production to another country, and they have no plans to do so. That's according to a new survey from the U. S. -China Business Council.","To find out why most plan to stay put, we've called up Jay Foreman. He's the CEO of Basic Fun. It's the toy company that makes K'Nex, Lincoln Logs, Cutetitos and Pound Puppies.","Jay Foreman, welcome.","Thank you. Glad to be here.","So I understand that currently 90% of your products are manufactured in China. Tell me why. What benefits does China offer you to base your manufacturing there?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : To find out why most plan to stay put is an implied meaning. Information from Jay Foreman will not actually reveal why the companies are not leaving. ","questions":"Which word in the dialogue implies that Jay Foreman's response won't actually reveal the reason why most US firms plan to stay put in China?","answer":"Implied"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, a big one can come from any number of faults here in Southern California. So if you looked at a map of Southern California and wanted to imagine all the faults, just throw a pile of spaghetti down on it, and all those little strands would be faults all over the place. These - this set of faults is inland from the San Andreas.","And so there was a less-than-1% chance that we would've had an above-7. 0 magnitude earthquake yesterday following the 6. 4 on Thursday, and that happened. As of today, there is a less-than-2% chance that we could see another magnitude 7 today, but we're going to have to see how that shakes out.","The San Andreas is not directly impacted by these faults, as far as we know. But there are a whole lot of faults in that area that might've taken a strain of some of these smaller faults that - when they released all their energy, because that strain doesn't just go away. It has to go somewhere else. And some of the other faults in the area took it on.","And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Southern California has a lot of faults and is at high risk for earthquakes.","questions":"Which state is at high risk for earthquakes?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["I saw poofy hot pants. They were like, they were kind of like a poof skirt but done in a hot pants style.","So many regrettable. . .","Regrettable, regrettable fashion sense.","Just unfortunate that you just sort of go, OK, all right. Just X, you know, that X thing they have with Glamour?Yeah, a lot of that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Poofy hot pants are a ridiculous and impractical fashion choice.","questions":"Which fashion item did PersonB describe as being like a poof skirt but in a hot pants style?","answer":"Pants"}
{"text":["You know, it would seem intuitively impossible in this environment that the actors would want to go on strike at this point. Just factoring out for a second the economy, there was a devastating writers' strike, and people were just really tired of that by the time it was over. Now, meanwhile, people are watching their savings disappear, it's terrifying out there, and I can't imagine that people would want to go on strike, but you have to bear in mind that a great many members in the Screen Actors Guild don't really work and can vote. So, that might have an effect on the outcome.","You mention the writers' strike that went on for several months. Many folks in the entertainment industry are still recovering from that. So, what would happen if all of a sudden there were SAG strike as well?","Studios can hold out. They're in bad shape. I mean, they're going to be hurt by this environment economically. But that doesn't mean they can't survive for quite a long time with a strike underway. And that means that people would - I mean, it would just be so devastating; people would lose their jobs. And that wouldn't just be the actors; it would be people who support productions. The actors, unlike the writers, they can close down a movie very quickly. So, it would be an immediate and potentially a long-term and the devastating impact not only for the economy here, but for the Screen Actors Guild if it turned out to backfire.","So, Kim, what happens from here?What's the next steps?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"factoring out for a second\" - This phrase is an idiomatic expression meaning to temporarily set aside a particular factor or consideration.","questions":"Which phrase from the dialogue means to temporarily set aside a particular factor or consideration?","answer":"factoring"}
{"text":["Aw. We mentioned that you worked for President George W.  Bush, who advised John McCain. In your circle of friends, people there at the Hoover Institution - without violating any any confidences - your friends and colleagues - is your opinion widely held or are people who ordinarily would support the Republican candidate talking about voting for Hillary Clinton?","I think this is a real time of crisis for Republicans. It's hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Donald Trump. And it's very hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Hillary Clinton. In fact, I would have indulged the luxury of writing in one of my terrific nephews for president if I hadn't seen that the polls during the British referendum were off by 12 points. And my concern that (inaudible) be accurate, and everybody's vote's actually going to count this election.","Kori Schake is a research fellow at the Hoover Institution. She joined us by Skype. Thanks very much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Many of my friends are in a difficult position deciding whether to vote for Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton.","questions":"Which two candidates are some of PersonA's friends having a hard time deciding between?","answer":"Donald-Trump,Hillary-Clinton"}
{"text":["Yes. We got involved and that's 25 years ago. And it took us about 25 years to get it done. We met monthly. And - well, actually, we met like biweekly and just phonetically translate it - every word in the New Testament to Gullah.","Can you read something for us, a short passage?","Well, why don't I read just the first few verses of the Lord's Prayer that most people are familiar with?","That would be wonderful."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Yes. We got involved and that's 25 years ago. (Actual meaning: A is referring to their participation in a project or activity that started 25 years ago.)","questions":"How long ago did PersonA get involved in the project? (Answer: 25 years)","answer":"25"}
{"text":["It sounds good. But obviously, I just think it's important to point out, like, do not put your raw stuff. . .","Definitely.",". . . In the same container, if I could say that, like, super-loud.","When you marinate after grilling, you actually make a marinade that doesn't touch any of the raw fish or meat.","Got it. OK.  What about people who don't eat meat?There are a lot of people who really are trying to move more toward a plant-based diet. How do you manage that on the grill if you have limited grill space?Because, I mean, it depends on why you're not eating meat. I mean, if you're not eating meat because you have strong ideological reasons, you don't necessarily want that touching. How could you manage that?And what are some things that you should consider for the non-meat eaters?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's important to emphasize not to put raw food in the same container","questions":"How should you handle raw food on the grill to prevent contamination?","answer":"Separate"}
{"text":["OK, starting with GlobalGrind. Here's the deal Farai, as you know, being in the media, it's becoming more and more niche, and people, especially what you're talking about Internet, you're talking about web communities and defining that niche. Now we're seeing more and more websites pop up where we've had black websites in the past, but GlobalGrind is this one-stop shop.","They claim, or they offer, for news, gossip, humor, entertainment. It's just about everything that users think is important. So the whole site is actually driven by users voting on other content that's happening elsewhere. And so the higher the vote of a specific piece of content, the more relevant it comes up on the GlobalGrind webpage.","Is it fun?","It is fun. It looks very clean. It's sleek. I do like the ownership behind the company, and some of the people driving it, because Navarro is a guy that ran 360HipHop. com, which was very successful that was sold to BET. I've met with their advertising people. I think they really got their handle on - they've made it mobile. They now integrate it with Facebook, which wasn't there before, which I was dinging them on. I was like, when are you guys going to get with mobile applications in a Web 2. 0 space?","All right, Mario. We have to jump in. RushmoreDrive. Give me the skinny."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : GlobalGrind offers a wide range of content that is user-driven and voted upon","questions":"Which website allows users to vote on content?","answer":"GlobalGrind"}
{"text":["Yes. So, given the fact that I had been able to, you know, prove myself under harsh circumstances, prove my judgment, my composure, my, you know, warrior spirit, if you will, despite all this and despite the medals that came and the valor devices and everything - you know, there's a position called a combat controller. And the officer version of that is a special tactics officer. It would have been right up my alley. Despite everything that I had just proven, I was barred from even applying for that job.","Major Hegar, I got to ask you a couple of questions. I want it understood they in no way question your valor, your physical, mental or emotional capabilities. But, you know, the U. S.  Marine Corps, for example, has a 12-week course for officers that's a prerequisite for leaving infantry units. And the first two women who tried to make it through that course last year didn't.","Right.","Do you think standards should in any way be changed so that you get more equal numbers of men and women?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This statement implies that the interviewer is suggesting the standards be changed to encourage more equal numbers of men and women, instead of asking a question.","questions":"How is the interviewer's suggestion characterized?","answer":"Suggestion"}
{"text":["And, you know, there are many, many different ways to sort of be a poet in America, and some of us work in libraries and some of us work in garages and some of us teach children how to read and some of us work in hospitals. And the thing is just we're passionate about poetry, and I think that's a beautiful thing. We can't be all in one place. We shouldn't be. We have to be scattered about in honor to keep poetry what it has always been.","What are you learning reading all these entries?","Oh, my goodness. I'm learning that the poems that I'm - I've read so far are lush and lyrical and sorrowful and unpretentious and gorgeous and syntactically stunning and well-chiseled. And I can't tell you how many times I've stopped reading to say, how did she or he get her mind and heart around that so beautifully?And so there's some gorgeous books of poems that are out there and that are in this pile this year, and I'm just loving the fact that I'm basically reading poetry all day.","I mean, I've never had the pleasure to have that kind of job before. And when he National Book Award folks called, I thought, oh, this is going to be quite a summer. And it is. I have the books stacked up knee-high, several piles of them. That pile has a label on it, and another pile has another label on it. And I just kind of sit down in the midst of it all and lose myself into that beautiful language."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The person has a great many books in stacks around his home.","questions":"What is the person's job?","answer":"Reading"}
{"text":["Oh, it's inspiring always. This is one of the reasons why I wanted this book to come into the world. It's because, you know, there are so many brilliant writers now being forgotten. There's so many brilliant writers - contemporary writers who have not been given the platform they deserve. And the literary world is not zero sum, even though sometimes we are led to believe that it is. There's enough attention and enough love for everyone.","And I think that it's all of our duty, if we are given a certain amount of privilege, to say to readers, hey, look at this person you may not know. Please read this exquisite story, and I hope you will love Nancy Hale as much as I do. I hope you'll love other contemporary writers as much as I do.","That is the author Lauren Groff talking about the new book \"Where The Light Falls: Selected Stories Of Nancy Hale. \"","Lauren Groff, thanks so much. It was great to talk to you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She wanted the book to be written for the world to read. Many writers do not have their work published on a large enough scale for a large number of people to read it.  The literary world is the people that work in writing and publishing written work.","questions":"What is the reason behind PersonA wanting the book to come into the world?","answer":"Platform"}
{"text":["He says it's incumbent on the press and on the media not to make it easy for celebrities to have these terribly serious transgressions alleged and be able to skate by on their charm, on their fame, on their accomplishments outside the arena of these allegations. He said, you know, it is precisely the inconvenient moment where you have all these stars - and Woody Allen is in South of France because of the debut of his new film.","And you have stars like Blake Lively, Jesse Eisenberg and others who are there, Steve Carell. And he says we should be hearing them asked what it's like to work with an alleged child molester - and by the way, those are his words, not mine - rather than asked, you know, what costumes were you wearing?How did you like your outfits?What was it like to work with this great director?","That's his argument. He says it's uncomfortable but these questions need to be asked, otherwise powerful people can get away with terrible things.","How do you feel about that?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : That's his argument. He says it's uncomfortable but these questions need to be asked, otherwise powerful people can get away with terrible things.\"  Implicated meaning: The speaker acknowledges that the questions being proposed might cause discomfort, but they are necessary to prevent powerful individuals from evading consequences for their atrocious deeds. Without asking these challenging questions, there is a risk of enabling the privileged to escape accountability for their actions.","questions":"How does the speaker justify asking uncomfortable questions?","answer":"Prevention"}
{"text":["That leaves a very unnerving feeling because, if they're on the loose, and they're on a suicide mission, and they're not - you know, they could strike at any point of time. So, it does definitely leave an unnerving feeling. As long as you're home, you're secure. But one doesn't know what to expect tomorrow.","Mr. Doctor, I understand that you are a Muslim. Is that correct?","That is correct, yeah.","So far, there has not been official confirmation of who's responsible for these attacks, but they have been attributed, at least in part, to Islamic militants. How do you think the situation there might affect Hindu-Muslim relations in Mumbai?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is fear and uncertainty due to potential attacks by unidentified individuals","questions":"How does turn 3 relate to the fear expressed in turn 0?","answer":"Fear"}
{"text":["Rising gas prices are forcing consumers and the auto industry to make drastic changes. Today we wrap up our multimedia series Road Trippin' with a look at some solutions to the soaring fuel costs. Toyota and Honda have been making popular hybrid gas-electric cars and they generally get better mileage than gas-only engines and save some wear and tear on the environment. Pump prices have consumers dumping their SUVs and pickup trucks for smaller, more fuel-efficient cars. Now the other major car companies are jumping onto the fuel efficiency bandwagon. With us to talk about some of those changes is BMW spokesperson Dave Buchko. Thanks for joining us.","Thank you.","So gas-electric hybrid cars have been on U. S.  roads since Honda started selling the Insight in 2000. Companies like GM, Honda and BMW are looking now at developing hydrogen-powered cars. What does that mean, how do those work?","Well, there are different approaches to how to - to hydrogen vehicles. We've been at this longer than anybody. We've been at this for more than 25 years. And so when we started looking at hydrogen, what we were looking for initially was an alternative to gasoline as a way of powering an internal combustion engine, which is normal - you know, in a normal car engine. So quite different from what we see with fuel cells. But we've continued to develop the internal combustion engine powered by hydrogen because we think that that has a lot of potential and a lot of relevance."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : BMW is interested in developing an internal combustion engine powered by hydrogen.","questions":"How is BMW planning to power their internal combustion engine?","answer":"hydrogen"}
{"text":["Well, tell us first, let's go back. How did you find out about this because I know they try and keep this very secret?How did you find out you had been awarded the MacArthur Grant?","I kind of got punked a little bit. I mean, it's the best way to get punked you could imagine, but they called me into the offices, I was going to be in Chicago for an event, and they basically called me in more or less under the pretense that they wanted me to talk about some candidates that I was recommending.","So of course I kind of scampered in to sort of support the folks that I was hoping would get it, and they just sort of surprised me with this, you know, this incredible gift and just, you know, it kind of just blew my brains open.","So they really did manage to keep it a secret?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker was misled into attending a meeting under false pretenses.","questions":"How was the speaker tricked?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Exactly. And the nice thing with the study was that we got to find out what was characteristic of healthy sinus cavities. And what we saw was that there was this enrichment for lactic acid bacteria and many other bacteria. But they're the ones that stood out to us because they were most depleted in the disease stage. And so we moved the. . .","Is this the bacteria that you find in yogurt and things like that?","Yeah, yeah. It's a relative. It's one of them. There are many, many lactobacillus species. But the one that we focus on is one - actually, we focused on the one that's used in making sake. (Unintelligible).","Making sake?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Lactic acid bacteria can be found in yogurt.","questions":"What was the bacteria species that the speakers focused on?","answer":"Sake"}
{"text":["I see.","Yeah. And it goes around about once an hour. So what they did was they went to Pacific Northwest Bell and had the engineers there create a wireless telephone. So the Space Needle actually had wireless phones in 1962. You could sit down. You could make a call. There was a radio pickup in the wall, and they would connect you then to the operator so you could call out.","Mm-hmm. I was - I took a visit to the Space Needle yesterday. And I'm - being a geek myself, I was really enthralled with the technology and just this - the pure nuts and bolts that are holding it together. I remember walking out and seeing this giant nut and - screw and nut holding it - it's bolted to the ground. Of course, being a geek, I wanted to know the size of the wrench it took to do that.","But that seemed to be very, very simple, and it seems to be holding up very, very well."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person loves science and anything related to it and is intelligent.","questions":"How would you describe the person in turn 2?","answer":"geek"}
{"text":["Thank you.","Why don't we start with a song?","Happily.","(Singing) There's a big white house on a leafy street on a summer's day in 1963. Station wagons parked in the drive with dents in the fender and wood on the side. There's kids and dogs and Instamatic cubes squinting hard in the sun. Not just yet, but one day, too, they'll be chasing what's already gone.","(Singing) You grow up tall and you grow up tough, trying to never admit not feeling good enough, until you find your passion and you find your way. Just trying to make it unscathed through every day. And it seems to happen nearly overnight. Life shows you who you've become. When there's no more mystery in the fading light, you're just chasing what's already gone. Like the line that spells the far horizon, moving with you as fast as you can run. Half your life, you pay it no attention. The rest you can't stop wondering what you should have done instead of chasing what's already gone."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Memories of the past can be bittersweet and chasing them can be a futile effort.","questions":"What can be a futile effort?","answer":"Chasing"}
{"text":["There are a lot of different stories in your first issue about reducing recidivism, performing Shakespeare in prison, getting a Ph. D.  on the inside. Was there one story in particular that you were really happy inmates would be able to read?","One that comes to mind that I like is about virtual reality. There's juveniles that were sentenced to life without parole previously, but the Supreme Court changed all that. And one facility thought, now they are going to society; what we going to do with them?How we going to prepare them?So they came up with the idea of virtual reality goggles so they can see images of what it looks like to be on the outside. And it was - one gentleman who did the grocery store virtual reality video - when he took the headset off, he had tears streaming down his face. And the first thing out his mouth was, what else in the world has changed?","Wow.","Many men on the inside just wish they can just have a glimpse of what the outside is."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Virtual reality experience has a profound impact on inmates who have never experienced life outside prison","questions":"What had a profound impact on inmates?","answer":"Virtuality"}
{"text":["Seems like air conditioners break down when they're needed most - when it's hottest - and furnaces give out when it's coldest - when they have to pump out the most heat. What has this fearsome winter been like for a heating repair technician?We turn now to Doug Braford, who works all shifts in Cleveland, where temperatures hit record lows in February. Mr.  Braford joins us from the studios of the idea stream, WCPN in Cleveland. Thanks so much for being with us.","You're welcome. It's good to be here.","So tough few weeks?","Yeah, it's been a tough season this year. You know, it's definitely been a winter that's held on and really hasn't given us too many breaks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 1) is a statement about air conditioners and furnaces breaking down in extreme weather conditions.","questions":"How has the winter affected the heating repair technician?","answer":"Tough"}
{"text":["For people who can't see it, can you describe what things look like right now and some - the actions the Corps is taking on a daily basis to address it?","You know, sometimes it is hard to describe. You know, you're driving down roads that were normally - there might be 50 or a hundred yards to the river. Suddenly, the river is, you know, 10 or 15 yards from where your car is or, you know, where you typically are running for physical training is now underwater.","And in terms of the levees themselves, when you walk the levees, you know, typically, where the water might be 20, 25 feet away from the top of the levee, maybe now it's within five or six feet. So when you see what, you know, a couple hundred thousand cubic feet per second of water looks like rolling down the Arkansas River and it's within feet of the bridges, whether they're pedestrian or vehicular, you know, sometime there used to be 20 feet of clearance, it's pretty awe-inspiring.","What are you doing to shore up the levees themselves?And are you inviting residents to help?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The flooding is so severe that familiar landmarks are unrecognizable.","questions":"Which landmarks are unrecognizable?","answer":"Landmarks"}
{"text":["Well, the Republican reaction is pretty typical. Whenever we see Donald Trump act like a stress test on democratic institutions, Republicans in Congress are usually silent. They don't seem to be concerned by the president involving himself in an internal investigation or openly calling for the Mueller investigation to end unless they are Republicans who are not running for re-election. So we have heard some criticisms from Republicans who are planning to retire. In the past, Republicans have come to the defense of Attorney General Jeff Sessions because the president has relentlessly humiliated and criticized him. And Republican senators have stood up for Sessions. He's become a kind of proxy for the rule of law. What we don't know is if firing Bob Mueller is a kind of red line for Republicans in Congress. That's really the big question.","So what do we know about the Justice Department?What are they saying about all this?","Well, there has been pushback from former DOJ officials who say this firing was inappropriate. We also know how Andrew McCabe has reacted. He said he was singled out and treated this way because of what he witnessed in the aftermath of the firing of James Comey. He says that he was fired to undermine the credibility of the Mueller investigation. We also know that McCabe made contemporaneous notes just like his boss, James Comey, did. All FBI agents are trained to do this. And coincidentally, James Comey is about to embark on a book tour, one of the highest-profile book tours ever.","Yes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Republicans in Congress are complicit in Trump's attacks on democracy.","questions":"What kind of reaction do Republicans in Congress usually have to Donald Trump's stress test on democratic institutions?","answer":"Complicit"}
{"text":["So what do these numbers here in Southern California, what does that mean for the rest of the country?","You know the other kind of metro coastal areas are following a pretty similar pattern. But you know places like Charlotte, North Carolina haven't - places that haven't had the kind of run up that we had in the hot spots probably aren't seeing as large declines because they don't have this part of fall. But the real sort of disaster areas are California and Nevada, Arizona, Florida. You know, New York City has had great appreciation and hasn't seen the large declines now. So that sort of the one the economists are watching next to see, you know, if New York's bubble is - which is sort of been slowly deflating is really going to have a big burst at some point.","Foreclosure seems to be playing a big role in all of this. A new study came out yesterday from the company Realty Track showing that across the country fewer Americans are thinking about buying a foreclosed home. So what might be the effect of this?","Here in southern California people are buying foreclosed homes, especially ones that are sort of decent quality.","I understand that you are currently speaking to us from a home that was foreclosed on. Can you tell us a little about your situation there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The economists are watching New York City next to see if its bubble will burst.","questions":"How is New York City's housing market being monitored by economists?","answer":"New-York"}
{"text":["Thanks for allowing me to be on your show.","You didn't have kind words for Donald Trump in that interview, but why did you think Democrats who want to impeach him are misguided?","I've sat through impeachment. I understand that it's not a walk in the park. It takes a supermajority to impeach a president, and it's just not going to happen. And I think that we would be better off focusing on health care, the huge, huge amounts of money in politics that is ruining the body politic, climate change, which is sweeping the world.","So what I think you're saying is you need to - the Democrats have to have another message that isn't solely about removing the president."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Impeachment is not a viable solution and there are other pressing issues to address.","questions":"What topic does PersonA suggest needs more attention instead of impeachment?","answer":"Healthcare"}
{"text":["And we're hearing from you on your cell phone at the kiosk now, and we should note that where you are is not too far from Fort Bragg, which is home to the 82nd Airborne Division. And apparently, a lot of the soldiers have been coming home, and how has that affected your business?","Well, I mean, all the economy has been affected, but we're not as bad because luckily, we do do a lot of things for the military. Their wives are still here, so it's constantly them bringing in things that they need to be shipped overseas or just little minor things, things for the babies. It does keep a good flow in, though.","You mentioned the babies. I hear there's been an upsurge in the birth rate there, 50 percent more recently. That's a lot of babies.","Well, the troops came home at the first of the year, and now, everywhere you look, it's women pushing strollers, or they're pregnant.","And so, what kind of stuff are people bringing to you at your kiosk there for these expectant mothers?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Military families are a significant source of income.","questions":"Which source of income is significant?","answer":"Military"}
{"text":["I want to mention that Mark Bryant of the Gun Violence Archive is remaining with us for this hour to offer context if we need him. And so, Congressman, you unveiled a detailed plan to address gun violence as part of your presidential campaign. You had a chance to talk about some of these issues in the debate that you participated in. Tell us about, if you would, just, like, what's your signature idea here?And tell us why you think that's so important.","You know, the signature principle is we don't have to live this way. And so many of my constituents have been calling and texting and saying that they're afraid to go to public places. They're afraid to take their kids shopping with them - that they're mindful of that now and in ways that they've never been before. And, you know, one of the ways that we could reduce that fear would be to ban and buy back the 15 million assault weapons in America.","You know, many folks have called for an assault weapon ban on future manufacturing and sales, but I don't think that would go far enough. I think we need to get every single weapon of war off the streets. And it's not something - this is not an original idea. You know, Australia did it in the '90s and New Zealand is underway doing it now after their mosque shooting.","Well, advocates of expansive gun rights would argue that the United States is different, and that the right to own a gun is both - is a constitutional right. What do you say about that?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"ban and buy back\" means prohibiting and repurchasing","questions":"What is the signature principle of the congressman's plan to address gun violence?","answer":"Ban"}
{"text":["An so he went from - on Sunday on his Facebook page saying, well, I misspoke. I got the wording wrong, which is something he repeated again today.","Yeah. Well, that plus. He's gotten just increasingly - because as the pressure has mounted - and it's been fascinating to watch the responses from the congressmen, from the Republican Party, from Governor Romney and his running mate. As the public outrage on this has mounted, their apologies have become increasingly full-throated so that, as you mentioned, the congressman started out with I misspoke, like that's a little bit of a bizarre concept. Misspeak is when you accidentally picked the wrong word or say President Clinton when you meant President Obama. This was not misspeaking. As I wrote, this was mis-thinking.","And then similarly, you saw Governor Romney. His campaign several hours after this broke managed to choke out a press release comment saying that the governor and Congressman Ryan disagree with this view. And by morning, disagreement had become finding it offensive and unacceptable. So it's sort of a classic political story of how candidates follow the public polls.","And his colleagues - his would-be colleagues in the United States Senate, basically, as you said, throwing him under the bus."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : very enjoy am very nice feelvery enjoy am very nice feel","questions":"Which feeling is described in turn 0?","answer":"Enjoy"}
{"text":["The census is required by the Constitution and federal law. There's really no wiggle room here. Trump did sign this executive order directing all agencies to provide the Commerce Department with U. S.  citizenship and noncitizenship data of everyone living in the U. S. The thing is, though, that that data collection was already under way, or at least some of it was. So it's not clear what this executive order is really achieving.","House voted to limit the president's authority to use the military to strike Iran. What's the significance of that vote?","So this defense bill was really aimed at reining in the president's power to use military force against Iran without approval from Congress. This has been an issue not only with this president, but, obviously, with prior administrations - the question of when a president must get permission to take military action. And Democrats in the House are trying to take some of that authority back and give it back to Congress. Obviously, Trump was on his - very close to striking Iran, according to him, a few weeks ago.","But although the bill passed the House, it did so along party lines, and it's going to have a much harder time in the Senate. You're likely going to see some compromise have to be made for this bill to become law."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Democrats are trying to limit the President's power to take military action without approval from Congress.","questions":"How was the defense bill aimed at limiting the President's power?","answer":"Limiting"}
{"text":["The president's reaction, they're happy with, I think. The alt-right - Lana actually - I asked her this specifically - I said, you know, what do you think about Donald Trump?And she said, let's be honest; he's not one of our guys. We've never thought that he was one of our guys.","But the more that he does not disavow the things that they believe in and either tacitly or directly supports them, the better.","Seyward Darby - her article \"The Rise Of The Valkyries\" is published in the September issue of Harper's Magazine. Thank you so much for speaking with us.","Thank you so much for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the speaker is suggesting that the more the President fails to disavow the beliefs of the alt-right and instead supports them, the better it is for their cause. This implies that the speaker may not necessarily have positive views about the alt-right, but sees value in the President's support of their cause. The literal meaning of the words might suggest that the speaker approves of the alt-right, but the implied meaning is different.","questions":"How does the speaker view the alt-right movement?","answer":"Negative"}
{"text":["Which might help to explain why the Office of the Special Counsel has said that the document described does not exist because you wrote in the book it was a, quote, \"draft indictment,\" which sounds like something a little different.","Well, yeah. I guess it depends upon how you define a draft indictment. Yes. And I think it's very possible. I mean, the special counsel, when it responds, has become quite a gifted prevaricator. It is quite possible that they responded accurately but that nevertheless this document exists and goes to trying to understand a very significant moment in the thinking of the special counsel.","So the statement from Peter Carr, Robert Mueller's spokesman, is the documents described do not exist. You insist you have a document in your possession and maybe the difference here is on the word described. He thinks you described it wrong.","It is quite possible, yes."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Office of the Special Counsel has the document described, but it may not be called a 'draft indictment.'","questions":"Which document is not acknowledged by the Office of the Special Counsel?","answer":"Document"}
{"text":["Teenagers can seem sullen, moody and uncommunicative - unless you know how to listen to them. James Harbeck does. He's an editor and linguist in Canada who's analyzed sounds that can be distinctly annoying to adults. James Harbeck joins us from the studios of the CBC in Toronto. Thanks so much for being with us.","Hi. Nice to be here.","First, what made you devote any scholarship to this?","I wouldn't say that this is a grand scholarly work, exactly. It's more just an application of undergraduate-level phonetics to things that I hear on the bus on the way home."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : is asking James Harbeck why he chose this particular topic to research.","questions":"What level of phonetics did James Harbeck apply to the sounds he heard on the bus?","answer":"Undergraduate"}
{"text":["Well, part of number two is to go and send swarms of Arkyd 300 spacecraft to these high targets that - high value targets. And then after number two, we'll choose the ones that we want to actually extract resources from. And then number three, phase three comes along, which is to go and extract those resources and deliver them to the point of need.","Good luck to you, Eric Anderson. I hope you get a webcam on those asteroids for us to follow along with you.","We will. Don't worry.","All right. Thanks for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Eric Anderson may encounter difficulties or challenges during his mission","questions":"What kind of mission is Eric Anderson undertaking?","answer":"Space"}
{"text":["You could say the Republicans are ending 2013 on their highest note of the year.","That's the best thing that has happened to them. Well, 2014 looms. How are they shaping up for the midterms?","The midterms look good for Republicans. They will almost certainly hold control of the House. The Democrats would need nearly 20 seats in that takeaway. That's a big order and particularly because the president's party, in this case the Democrats, tends to lose seats in the midterms, not gain. On the Senate side, the Republicans are on the march. They need six seats to take back the majority in the Senate.","They may or may not get there, but the seats are out there to win. There are a lot of red states electing senators, some with incumbents like Louisiana and Arkansas, North Carolina where the Democrats got a struggle, others where there's a vacancy, say, in a Montana or a South Dakota."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : 2).  In the conversation, person B responds to person A's statement about Republicans ending 2013 on their highest note by saying \"That's the best thing that has happened to them.\" The implied meaning is that the Republicans had a bad year in 2013 and this is the best thing that happened to them during that year. It suggests that they did not have many good things happen to them in 2013, and this is a rare positive note.","questions":"Which party had a bad year in 2013?","answer":"Republicans"}
{"text":["I understand, Mr.  Doyle, that you and other members of the Watergate investigation team still with us - well, you have reunions now and then. And I gather for the first time you had a reunion on the actual anniversary of the Saturday Night Massacre. What are the - my 15 year old now says, you know, what's the tea?What went on there?","Three weeks ago, Saturday night October 20, the Watergate Special Prosecution Force held a reunion. It was the 45th anniversary of the Saturday Night Massacre. None of the senior leaders are any longer with us. But the young idealists who had been in their 20s back when we began, they all showed up in their 60s and 70s as earnest as ever, as idealistic as ever and still full of hope.","Sorry.","No, I think someone was talking to you, telling you that, I think, we're running out of time. But did you want to make the final point?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The people who were part of the Watergate investigation team still held onto their youthful idealism.","questions":"What did the Watergate investigation team maintain?","answer":"Idealism"}
{"text":["And she - my wife went and found the chaplain at Northwestern - a Lutheran chaplain who'd never performed a wedding before. She came to our room and performed the ceremony, just the three of us. It was a lovely, personal, intimate ceremony. And immediately after the ceremony, I took some pain medication and peed in a cup.","Well, that's one way to say l'chaim, isn't it?I made a short list: addiction abuse, adultery, abandonment, imminent incest and just plain old hatred. So is every family is a little bit like the Westons of Osage County?","What we have seen by doing this play is that the story of this family is pretty universal. And the dinner scene alone, in the theater - I can tell you that some people are howling with laughter, and other people are in tears and crawling under their seats. They find it very upsetting to watch because it hits pretty close to home.","\"Fiddler on the Roof\" with the F word?","That's one way to look at it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A: \"What we have seen by doing this play is that the story of this family is pretty universal. And the dinner scene alone, in the theater - I can tell you that some people are howling with laughter, and other people are in tears and crawling under their seats. They find it very upsetting to watch because it hits pretty close to home.\"","questions":"Which scene in the theater is both hilarious and heart-wrenching for the audience?","answer":"Dinner"}
{"text":["Kevin, I imagine doing what you do, you can't have much of an appetite for leftovers on a day like today.","No, I probably will be eating a hamburger or something today.","Well, I wish you a very good day, and thanks for taking the time to speak with us.","Absolutely. Have a great time."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B uses the phrase \"appetite for leftovers\" to ask whether Kevin, who presumably works in the food industry, would want to eat any leftover food on that day. However, the actual meaning of the phrase is more general and refers to a lack of desire to eat food that has already been cooked or served before.","questions":"What does PersonB imply about Kevin's appetite?","answer":"Lack"}
{"text":["And it all comes down really to these apple trees. The husband, James, is obsessed with apples, growing the sweet apples. She, Sadie, the mother, is - well, she's a drunk. She's looking for applejack. She likes the spitters - not the eaters - the spitters.","Yes, and Johnny Appleseed is a little bit like her drug dealer because he comes along twice a year in his canoe to see how they're doing. And he sometimes takes off the barrels of apples and brings them back pressed for them as cider. And, you know, I don't think he does it maliciously, but he is, as I said, he's a businessman. So he's got a slightly different take on it all.","And why don't you describe what Johnny Appleseed looks like in your novel as you paint him?","Actually, some of the myth is true. He did sometimes wear a tin pot for a hat. His clothing was interesting, shall we say?He often wore a coffee sack that he cut holes out of and a rope for a belt. So, yeah, he was a strange guy. He was actually making all this money, not for himself, but really because he was what they called a Swedenborgian, a very peculiar Christian sect. And Johnny Appleseed spent a lot of time proselytizing. And he'd go on this kind of rant, and a lot of the settlers - I read some hilarious accounts of them going, oh, this guy, we don't understand a word he's saying, but, you know, he's kind of entertaining, so he's harmless."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Johnny Appleseed's proselytizing and peculiar behavior may be seen as harmless by some settlers, but it also alienates him from others who do not understand or agree with his beliefs.","questions":"What is Johnny Appleseed's religious affiliation?","answer":"Swedenborgian"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Anthony Leiserowitz of the - he's the director of the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication at Yale. How can you follow up with this?Can you keep coming up with new polls so we can follow this?","Oh, absolutely. We'll be doing this at least twice a year and, of course, we have lots of other colleagues around the country that are also surveying on this exact same topics.","And will we know if this does move into the - more into the political discourse as well as the public discourse?","Well, I think we'll see it. I mean, first of all, you can see it in the amount of - number of times that the president talks about this, that candidate Mitt Romney talks about this, as well as across the board. I mean, remember, it's not just the presidential election. There are some Senate races and congressional races all over this country. And what we're seeing is that a lot of people are beginning to ask the question about climate change."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"How can you follow up with this?\" - This is a literal question about how the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication can continue to conduct new polls on the topic.","questions":"How often will they be conducting surveys on the exact same topics?","answer":"Twice"}
{"text":["I think, in the very early days, it was computer nerds - I mean, you know, technologists - people who were really interested in the technology. And now it's, I think, more just ordinary people who hear about bitcoin, obviously do some reading - have some understanding of how the technology works but, I think, see more of either profit opportunity or just like the idea of it. I think there's a significant political strain behind the appeal of bitcoin - people who don't like the Federal Reserve, don't like big banks, don't like conventional financial institutions.","Don't like taxes?","Don't like taxes - exactly - kind of libertarian-minded people.","Well, what do you think it's going to do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) has an actual meaning that is different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning is simply stating that some people who are attracted to bitcoin have a libertarian mindset and don't like taxes, the implied meaning is that there is a political ideology driving the appeal of bitcoin beyond just profit opportunities or curiosity about the technology.","questions":"Which meaning of turn 3 is not immediately apparent from the dialogue?","answer":"implied"}
{"text":["You have done so many different types of music. You have done the Monkeys, you know. What's coming up next for you?I don't know if you've already started work on another album or thought about it, but what direction do you think you're heading in next?","I have no idea. I really don't. I'm still very much inside of this project because you don't leave it just because you finish recording it. You have to begin to think about how to create the live performance of it. So that's a whole other dimension. And so you have to live with this music.","And I always say that the music always ends up so much broader than what you have on the recording because the recording represents the beginning. And once you go out on the road and you play it, and of course, each night, you're going to try to do something different with it, so it just grows and grows and grows until it's time for the next project.","Well, Cassandra Wilson, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is still immersed in the current project and hasn't thought about the next one yet.","questions":"How is PersonB feeling about the current project?","answer":"project"}
{"text":["What about the new government in Kiev. They issued a statement which is, as you described - at least through the translation - sounds like fighting words. What's their reaction been?","Well, there's not been more reaction than that except to say that earlier today, the Ukrainian president, the acting Ukrainian president accused Russia of trying to provoke a military conflict. This was before the vote in the Russian Parliament. And he referred to Russia's action in the past in other former Soviet regions with large Russian populations and said that Moscow's approach in Crimea is very similar to what Russia did before invading in other former Soviets areas.","So, a great sense of concern, a great sense of uncertainty of what will come next. It's not clear whether this is a still a political game or this is military brinksmanship.","And we're told, for example, that the U. N.  had I guess special representative Robert Sery was in Russia. He was supposed to head to the Crimea. Anything you've heard about negotiations to talk this thing through?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The implied meaning is that the Ukrainian president accused Russia of trying to provoke a military conflict, and that this accusation is related to Russia's actions in Crimea and in other former Soviet regions with large Russian populations. The literal meaning is consistent with this implied meaning.","questions":"Which region did the Ukrainian president mention in relation to Russia's actions in Crimea?","answer":"Crimea"}
{"text":["It's correlated with overt racism, but it's very different, and the difference is that people are unaware of this. They don't want it, very often. They certainly don't endorse it, and it's what clinical psychologists or psychiatrists call a dissociation. It's like two separate things in the head, one egalitarian and open, the other biased.","All right, Dr.  Greenwald, thank you very much.","Thank you, Ira.","Tony Greenwald, psychologist, professor of psychology at the University of Washington. We're going to take a break, and afterwards we're going to come back and ask the candidates in a science debate - what would you ask them about science?Stay with us. We'll be right back. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The dissociation between conscious egalitarian beliefs and unconscious biased behaviour is a common phenomenon in people.","questions":"What is the phenomenon called when someone has unconscious biased behavior despite conscious egalitarian beliefs?","answer":"Dissociation"}
{"text":["So these are two guys who get along really well, who see eye-to-eye on a lot of issues, and who are already just starting to generate a lot of enthusiasm that was, frankly, kind of lacking in parts of the Republican Party.","Do you know how this decision was made, why Mr.  Romney was so silent for so long and then finally said, OK, it's Paul Ryan?","Well, that's the way it typically works. But we do know that he was, up to the last minute, vetting a few possible options. And interestingly, these options are sort of often divided into two categories: The safe which is Tim Pawlenty of Minnesota, Rob Portman of Ohio, and then the bold, which might be Marco Rubio of Florida, Chris Christie of New Jersey. And Paul Ryan of Wisconsin is sort of in that bold category.","But, you know, the opposite of safe is bold. The opposite of safe can also be risky. And as excited as parts of the Republican base are about Paul Ryan, parts of the Democratic base are also really excited about being (technical difficulties) Romney, through proposals that Paul Ryan is made in the House that have been very controversial.","So he may add a little pizzazz to this campaign on both sides."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : To \"add a little pizzazz to this campaign on both sides\" means to make the campaign more interesting and engaging for both the Republican and Democratic parties.","questions":"Which phrase describes making the campaign more interesting and engaging for both parties?","answer":"Add"}
{"text":["Fiscal Armageddon, Democrats helping the Bush administration, Republicans bulking. These are historic times indeed. We actually verified this by calling Clyde Wilcox, professor of Government at Georgetown University. I asked if he had ever seen anything quite like this.","Yeah. During the Regan administration, it would often be the case, that House Republicans in particular would not go along with some of Reagan's proposals. And so he would manage to get to get support by winning majority of Democrats and a few Republicans.","But one of the things that when really complicated financial legislation like this happens, often times it takes Congress a little while to deliberate and put together coalitions. And the high pressure to get this done very, very quickly is not usually a sign of Congress doing it's best. When Congress gets a bill passed really, really fast there's almost always significant things they need to go back and change later.","You mentioned the similarities to the Reagan administration, it seems like one key difference here is that so much of this is happening so close to an election."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Fiscal Armageddon\" implies the severity of the financial crisis.","questions":"Which term describes the severity of the financial crisis mentioned by B?","answer":"Crisis"}
{"text":["At the center of this terrific story is a prisoner - prisoner Z he's called - and his guard. Tell us about their relationship.","Yeah. I'm just very interested, you know, fascinated, heartbroken, obsessed with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and our need to find peace on that front. But, yeah, I get very interested in the weave between both sides that everyone's always like victim and avenger at the same time.","And I thought - to me, in terms of a real and metaphoric idea of it, I thought of this guard and his prisoner and the idea of both of them sort of being trapped together. There is, of course, a guard who is in a better position than a prisoner. But in the end, as the years pass, you know, it sort of becomes vague of who has freedom at all.","I will explain. The guard is Israeli. And prisoner Z is in prison because he is accused of betraying the Israeli state."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that it is difficult to distinguish between the guard and the prisoner who are trapped together.","questions":"What is vague?","answer":"Freedom"}
{"text":["Is it important to the grassroots to have that still?","Absolutely. I mean, fiscal responsibility is still a measure of what I would call conservative values. The problem is we just don't seem to see the Congress expressing those values any longer. The CBO and the GAO have both said that this kind of spending cannot be sustained. And what can't continue won't continue. So it's irresponsible for us not to deal with the spending issue.","Mark Meckler is the president of Citizens for Self-Governance. Thank you so very much.","Thanks for having me, Lulu. I appreciate it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone","questions":"How did Lulu refer to her role in relation to PersonA's presence in the dialogue?","answer":"Hosting"}
{"text":["It's really - it's really unlike any other church in the city and, you know, very, very few in Europe. It's not simply a church. It's almost like stepping into a kind of medieval marketplace inside. It's enormous. It's - there's always a hurly burly. And there's always a - you know, numerous things going on in there.","Well, now, we were seeing reports that officials are saying the fire might be connected to the renovation work going on in there. You've reported on the renovations for Time. What kind of shape was the cathedral in before this fire?","Well, you know, for years they have been saying that the church was in terrible shape. And in fact, church officials had taken me up onto the roof not that long ago, when I was reporting this for Time, to show me how pieces of the building were simply dropping off. They described the gargoyles, the medieval faces on the side of the church, as being like ice cream melting in the sun. They would simply, like, drop away. The church had no money to replace them or restore them. And so they were using, like, PVC pipes to just, you know, stick on the side of the walls where the gargoyles had been. And. . .","Oh, my goodness, wow. I mean, Notre Dame is one of the most iconic symbols of Paris. Can you talk about the cultural significance of this cathedral for France?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The church is unique and busy, unlike any other church in the city and very few in Europe.","questions":"Which word describes the atmosphere inside the church?","answer":"Atmosphere"}
{"text":["Is he crankery and colorful, or does he cross the line?","Judge Ellis is a judge who is - likes to run a clean and efficient trial. He doesn't like trials to veer off - off course. In other words, he wants the parties to present the evidence that the jurors need to hear to render a decision. Along the way, he's active - maybe more active than other judges. He can be difficult to both parties, and he can be stern.","Is there any reason for either side to worry that there could be grounds for an appeal in his conduct so far?","I'd say no. The standard for a judge's behavior that would - in other words, that would rise to the level of an appellate issue - is fairly high. In essence, it has to be a situation where the judge is substituting - the effect of his conduct is to substitute his judgment for that of the jurors. Comments that he makes to counsel can be solved with a curative instruction. We saw that a couple of days ago.","Curative instruction meaning, I'm sorry I said that. Disregard that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Judge Ellis is a strict judge who likes to run a tight ship.","questions":"How would you describe Judge Ellis's approach to running a trial?","answer":"Clean"}
{"text":["But I neither have a pornographic nor a photographic memory. You know, and I don't have a memory that's particularly better than anybody else's. It's just that I've been able to do it so much over the years. And, you know, in the beginning it was not easy - memorizing the silks and coming up with the names. But now its pretty much second nature.","You've spoken openly about having performance anxiety. Can I get you to talk about that a little?","Sure. Sure. Right now, I've been doing hypnosis for the past couple of weeks. I don't always have to do hypnosis. But if there's kind of a big event coming up, such as this, and I start to feel a little queasy, I'll just go into hypnosis. Sometimes I even resort to the extremes of exercise. And hypnosis really does seem to work.","Can I ask you about a couple of calls for which you are famed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : I\u2019ve also experienced times where I have been too confident. I have taken risks that have not paid off and I have overestimated my abilities or made decisions without thinking things through. This has been a hard lesson to learn, but it has taught me the importance of being humble and realistic about my capabilities.","questions":"Which lesson did the speaker learn the hard way?","answer":"Lesson"}
{"text":["It's a bit of a fly in the ointment for ethical Sarah Palin. There's - in the last month or so, there's been increasing attention paid to an incident in which her opponent say, she pressured her public safety commissioner to fire her sister's ex-husband. He's a trooper and what they're saying is that she was trying to get him canned. She denies this, but there's a lot of evidence that suggests - that things are a little more complicated than that and the legislature is investigating now.","Now, she's known as a maverick. She's bucked the establishment so in that way, she compares favorably to John McCain. And tell us a bit more about how she compares with him.","Well, she certainly loves his maverick image. She likes the fact that he challenges the party hierarchy as she has done, and so she's been early McCain supporter on that score. She's got more of a social conservative background than he does, and that may very well be why she's on the ticket because she's got more of those bona fides. But at the same time, some people in Alaska point out that in the two years she's in office so far, she hasn't actually made any big moves on the social conservative front. That she's, you know, she calls herself a social conservative, and certainly has those values, but (unintelligible) necessarily done a lot about it.","Social conservative, she's very pro-life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Sarah Palin hasn't taken any significant actions as a social conservative despite claiming to be one","questions":"How has Sarah Palin acted as a social conservative?","answer":"Nothing"}
{"text":["I don't think that that's what Israel really wants. I don't think they've made that decision. But I think we know in these circumstances things could escalate, get out of control, despite the intentions of the parties who are involved. And in this case, I think Israel was hoping that the Palestinians would stop firing rockets sooner than they have. They may feel compelled to do more, but that would obviously be an extremely dangerous bet.","These events, of course, are occurring at a time when there is an election coming up in Israel. Help us understand popular opinion in Israel on this subject.","Well, I think from an Israeli perspective, there's a consensus that it was simply unacceptable to live under the constant threat of Palestinian rockets, which led to as many as a million Israelis having to sometimes take shelter. So, there is that uncertainty, that constant sense of insecurity, even though the number of Israeli casualties have been extremely low. But that was something that most Israelis were not prepared to live with, and that's why you were finding this wall-to-wall, this quasi-unanimity behind this operation.","Help us understand Egypt's role. The Egyptian prime minister came to Gaza yesterday. Obviously, under the Mubarak regime that would have been unthinkable. What's Egypt's role in events now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They don't mean literally wall to wall but that everyone was for it.","questions":"How was the consensus behind the operation?","answer":"unanimous"}
{"text":["What would be risky about it, from the Nicolas Maduro point of view?","Well, there'd certainly be retaliatory measures from the U. S. , very likely more sanctions. There would be a massive outcry from Guaido's dozens of other international allies. The EU's warned that this would be a major escalation in tensions. And there'll be a lot of anger from the multitude of Guaido's supporters here in Venezuela.","Guaido himself says that any attempt by Maduro's government to detain him would be - as he put it - without doubt, one of that government's last mistakes. So we don't know, Steve. I mean, it's not clear that Maduro's concluded that he's in a strong enough position to do this. But it is a possibility.","And I guess we don't know if Guaido intends to go to a border crossing and present his passport or if he intends to sneak in some way. Is it known what path he plans to take?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"one of that government's last mistakes\" - This is a figurative expression, meaning that detaining Guaido would have serious consequences for Maduro's government, potentially leading to its downfall.","questions":"Which expression suggests that detaining Guaido would have serious consequences for Maduro's government?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["From the studios of NPR West, this is Day to Day. I'm Madeleine Brand. Iraqi forces took control of Baghdad's Green Zone today. Iraq's leaders celebrated the moment, saying the country's sovereignty has been returned six years after U. S.  forces invaded and toppled the regime of Saddam Hussein.","Army Captain Nate Rawlings is here from Baghdad. He's with the First Brigade Combat Team of the 4th Infantry Division. He's a regular contributor to Day to Day. Happy New Year, Nate.","Happy New Year to you, Madeleine.","Thank you. Well, so how do soldiers there in Iraq - how do they mark the new year?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The fact that Nate is a regular contributor to the show is acknowledged","questions":"What is Nate's occupation on the show?","answer":"Contributor."}
{"text":["The regime does blame rebels for escalating this bout of violence. And, as you say, there's a lot at stake here. It's a place that's swollen with civilians. A lot of people who've fled the fighting elsewhere in the country have taken refuge here, and aid workers are saying it would be a catastrophe if a full war took hold here.","Oh, this is amazing. So this is where a lot of people who have fled violence arrived in huge numbers, thinking that this might be their one last safe. . .","Right.",". . . Space. And if there are that many civilians there - like, what do we know about these airstrikes so far?How badly are civilians being hit?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : they are just acknowledging the person's response ","questions":"What is the purpose of turn 2 in the dialogue?","answer":"agreement"}
{"text":["It could be. But there is nowhere for the new justices, the Trump justices, Brett Kavanaugh and Neil Gorsuch, to hide. They're going to have to say more than they said at their confirmation hearings, and that's why it's critical. And it is likely that both of them differ from the swing justice of the last 15 years, Anthony Kennedy.","So DACA is another controversial issue. In November, the court's also going to consider whether President Trump can end the DACA program that shields immigrants brought to the United States as children from deportation. It's my understanding that the court isn't going to rule on whether the law itself is legal. So what's the issue here?","The issue is executive power. The issue is to what extent the Trump administration could reverse the executive action taken by Barack Obama and whether the Trump administration followed the correct procedures. So it will be read by the public as a key ruling on a Trump policy. And therefore, it's important.","And so finally, let's turn our focus to the coming week. The court is going to hear three cases related to workplace discrimination on Tuesday. And basically, the question for the court is whether the Civil Rights Act applies to gay and transgender people in the workplace. Is that the crux of the issue?","Correct. And it's a question of statutory construction - whether Title VII, passed decades ago by Congress to apply to discrimination based on sex, should also be read to apply to sexual orientation. This is the first time several of these justices are going to weigh in on gay rights."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The justices will give their opinions on certain issues for the first time.","questions":"What is the significance of the upcoming cases related to workplace discrimination for some of the justices?","answer":"First-time"}
{"text":["That's right, that's right, and we essentially within the DNA give the instructions for that cell to read out the viral protein.","OK, so you put the cell to work, and then what happens?What's the second stage?","Well, then after a few months, we come back and we boost the immune response, and we can do that in one of two ways. We can actually inject the standard inactivated vaccine, the one that you and I get every year in our flu shot, or we can also do it by using a different type of carrier, a viral vector, an adenovirus, that can do the same thing.","In our human studies, we've actually done it with the standard flu vaccine."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated. When a person looks at his watch","questions":"How was the immune response boosted in the human studies mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Inject."}
{"text":["Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn B: The actual meaning of \"Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK\" is that listeners can call in to participate in the conversation. The phone numbers are not meant to be taken literally as a topic of discussion.","questions":"How can listeners participate in the conversation?","answer":"Call"}
{"text":["Well, the president really is his own brand. And that's kind of a double-edged sword - right?- for Democrats. You know, there's an opportunity for them to legislate with the president. At the same time, there has been, you know, voter research that has shown that voters don't necessarily view President Trump as a dyed-in-the-wool Republican.","He's really his sort of own brand. And so the question is whether voters are going to want to punish Republicans, you know, for what they may see as the president's inability to perform, if that, in fact, turns out to be the case. Hopefully, there's going to be some legislative victories coming here in the next few months, particularly on taxes.","But, yeah, the president's going to zig, and he's going to zag. And in the meantime, I think the Republicans are going to have to do their best to try to muscle through an agenda. And the big one coming up for them is going to be this debate over taxes.","When you say muscle through an agenda, the implication is they've got to twist arms in their own party?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implication is that the Republicans may have to use strong tactics to pass their agenda, even if it means having to pressure members of their own party.","questions":"What is the suggested approach for Republicans to pass their agenda?","answer":"Pressure"}
{"text":["Why aren't all Republican votes for this bill locked up?There are conservatives who don't like it. They're centrists that don't like it.","Well, there's a lot to not like. It's a big, messy problem. But the conversation on, you know, The Weekly Standard, the Washington Examiner, the groups that I work with. . .","Yeah.",". . . You know, we are at the junction of these confluences. For years, you had a pretty straightforward, conservative view on health care that the free market fixes it so you put in some kind of floor so that, you know, worst-case scenario, you still got a net to catch you. But then you let people shop. And just like your iPhone, prices go down; quality goes up. It's - that's the formula. But that formula is hard to find in this bill because you have this other group of people who actually won the White House. And they're not conservatives. They're Trump - whatever, you know, Republicans, nationalists, whatever, and they have a different view."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In context, \"Yeah\" is used as a way to show agreement and understanding. Its implied meaning is that the speaker is in agreement with the idea being presented by the other person.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's statement in turn 2?","answer":"Agreement"}
{"text":["What are you going to do when your internet connection goes down?","We have actually, so far, been able - we have reporters who are also out of town that we're in touch with. We're determined that we're going to keep reports on this storm on the internet, no matter how we do it. We've got a lot of backup for that at www. dailycomet. com and at Houmatoday. com.","We're determined that we're going to keep reports on this storm on the internet, no matter how we do it. We've got a lot of backup for that at www. dailycomet. com and at Houmatoday. com. We didn't stop yet and we don't plan to stop.","You have reporters out trying to cover this story all over where this hurricane is going. There must be some point where you say and where the reporters say to you \"Hey, I got to stop for a while because there's a hurricane coming. \""],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite any obstacles, they are committed to reporting on the storm via the internet.","questions":"Which commitment?","answer":"Internet"}
{"text":["Well, we've seen - it's become more difficult under the Trump administration for members of the military to get citizenship. It's been more difficult for them to get paperwork filed for their family members. It's more difficult for them to prevent the deportation of their family members.","Well, how are they making it more difficult?What examples do you have?","During the Obama administration, Janet Napolitano had created a program called basic training naturalization. It allowed the troops to get their citizenship really quickly. And the Trump administration has eliminated that program. They've also made it harder for the troops to file applications for citizenship. And it's taking much longer for them to make a decision on those applications. Recently they also announced they were going to close some of the international USCIS offices that process people for citizenship overseas, which will make it even more difficult for military members.","Now, I understand that you were one of the people who started a program to recruit people who aren't U. S.  citizens into the U. S.  military. That program was known as MAVNI - Military Accessions Vital to the National Interest. The program has effectively been suspended - right?- but it already started slowing down during the Obama administration. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Trump administration has taken several steps that have made it harder for military members to get citizenship","questions":"How has the Trump administration impacted military members?","answer":"military"}
{"text":["There's a voice that we have not heard a lot from lately and I want to ask you about it. I'm talking about fed chief Ben Bernanke. He seems to have all but disappeared from the headlines. Why is that we aren't hearing more from him as the stimulus package gets debated?","Well, Bernanke's role is to manage U. S.  monetary policy - what does money cost, bank regulations, all that stuff. So frankly he doesn't have very many arrows in his quiver yet left. He's got - I think we're down to, you know, under one percent for the federal funds rate. So there's not a lot of pontificating around interest rates that Bernanke can do. He ought to be of greater voice around the stimulus especially around as you - strategy, the bad bank strategy you mentioned.","I believe that what he's doing really is letting the Obama economic team get their feet wet. Very, very soon we ought to be hearing that he and the Treasury secretary have met. He's not an Alan Greenspan. If you think back to 1992 when Clinton was elected, Greenspan immediately jumped out there and was almost a jockeying between Greenspan and Clinton. And Greenspan made it clear, hey, I'm the money guy, I'm in charge of this, guys. And he, you know, he went to the White House, he had very long meeting with Clinton. It's been written about by - it's been written about it, you know, the Washington Post reporter has written extensively about that meeting, Carl F - Bernstein.","Bernstein."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There was almost a competition for who had the authority of the the situation.","questions":"Which meeting is being referred to in turn 2?","answer":"Meeting"}
{"text":["You want to cook them until you see a little red in the butter. It's changing.","Next - chopped tomatoes. Once the tomatoes get juicy, he tosses in the greens. They've already been boiled in plain water.","If you look at the greens, they're not cooked to death. I want them to have a little bit of character, so we'll add the greens.","And finally - homemade chicken stock to finish out the sauce, which I call pot liquor.","Everything is about the sauce. You create that flavor, then I can put collard greens in here. I can put any green I want 'cause the base is really, really good."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"And finally - homemade chicken stock to finish out the sauce, which I call pot liquor.\" - The actual meaning of this turn is the same as its literal meaning. The speaker is adding homemade chicken stock to the sauce to enhance its flavor and texture, and refers to the sauce as \"pot liquor\".","questions":"What does the speaker call the sauce?","answer":"Potliquor."}
{"text":["And just before he died, he recorded what would be his biggest song.","Then comes April of 1968 in Memphis. The sanitation workers are on strike. That brought Martin Luther King, Jr.  to town to speak and to show support, and that was when he was murdered at the Lorraine Motel. It hit people at Stax especially hard.","Yes, because the Lorraine, they had a swimming pool and they had a restaurant that would serve an integrated table, and all the Stax visiting artists would stay at the Lorraine. That was their hangout. So, this horrible event at their second home not far from their own building, it was devastating, just absolutely devastating. Isaac Hayes told me he couldn't write for a year.","I want to talk about a song recorded by the Staple Singers that spoke to the issue of black empowerment.","You consider it one of the most important songs the label ever produced - \"Respect Yourself. \"","It's a great, catchy pop song with a really deep message - Mavis Staples singing lead and Pops' guitar sound. It sounds like an organ."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) - \"It was devastating, just absolutely devastating.\" suggests that the event caused immense emotional distress, rather than physical destruction.","questions":"Which word describes the type of distress caused by the event mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Emotional"}
{"text":["We're going to set our clock here in our studio for a minute, OK?Please begin, Mr.  MacLeod, in three, two, one. . .","Which country and western singer has the worst hearing?Dolly Pardon. Which country and western singer will let you stay at the house?Kenny Lodgers. I spent a whole year trying to get into classical music. It took the Four Seasons. What's the best way to break up a tractor?A John Deere-alator. What do you call a woman with jam on her head?Marge. Doctor, doctor, I can't stop stealing your furniture. Please, take a seat. My new racehorse can only run in the dark. It's a nightmare. Went to Pete Sampras' restaurant yesterday. Served very quickly. I didn't last long walking on hot coals with the Kings of Leon. My salt's on fire. I heard a sad story about dropping a wedding cake. It ended in tiers. I hoped to complete my new spice rack this morning but I couldn't find the thyme. What did Aladdin have with his cup of tea?Jafar cakes. I went to an earthquake restaurant for lunch. The waiters keep moving your plates. Doctor, doctor, my invisibility meds is wearing off. I'll see you shortly. What do you call a man surrounded by beef stock?Stew. Where's the best play in New York to do multiplication?Times Squared.","Oh. All right. We let you go a little bit over a minute. Sixteen jokes by my count. Some of them were pretty funny.","They're all original jokes, I have to say. I don't think they're particularly good, but they don't have to be good. They only have to be quick."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Mr. MacLeod is expected to tell a series of jokes quickly.","questions":"How many jokes did Mr. MacLeod tell?","answer":"Sixteen"}
{"text":["The Staples Singers, Booker T and the MGs, Isaac Hayes and more - but the Stax tale isn't just one of another record company that became an international sensation. It's a story of tragedy - business and personal. But most importantly, it's a tale that features racial harmony in a city with a troubled racial history. In the late '50s and early '60s, Memphis, Tennessee was a city divided.","It was a city that you might say had hate pulsing through its veins.","That's author Robert Gordon. He lives in Memphis. His new book is \"Respect Yourself: Stax Records and the Soul Explosion. \"But Stax didn't start as an explosion of soul. The owners of Stax Records, Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton, set out to do something very different.","They were two white siblings. Jim was a white country fiddle player. You just wouldn't believe how far black music was from their minds at the time."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"racial harmony in a city with a troubled racial history\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that there was peace and cooperation among people of different races in Memphis, despite the city's history of racial conflict. The implied meaning is that Stax Records, a company that brought together black and white musicians, played a role in promoting racial harmony and bridging the racial divide.","questions":"What was the name of the new book by author Robert Gordon?","answer":"Respect"}
{"text":["So when we think of plays like \"Romeo And Juliet,\" quite often they mention - well, in particular \"Romeo And Juliet\" - it mentions nightingales and particularly larks. And indeed would make the sound of a lark. So found - in any other context you could just say, oh, it's a (unintelligible). But found in this context, there's a possibility that it was used, as you say, as a special effect during performance.","Oh, my word. What else have you found that'd we'd enjoy hearing about?","We're just starting to find things that may have been used by actors or the audience - things like clay pipes or hair combs and the old coin.","What will become of the Curtain when you're done?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"What will become of the Curtain when you're done?\" - This question is not about the physical fate of the curtain, but rather about the future of the theater itself. The Curtain was the name of a famous theater in Shakespeare's time, so the question is really asking what will happen to the theater once the research project is completed.","questions":"What is the name of the theater being referred to in turn 3?","answer":"Curtain"}
{"text":["But first, we're going to look at the news affecting the media industry itself. This week, newspapers and magazines across the country were hit again with massive layoffs. The Christian Science Monitor announced this week that after a century, it would stop publishing a daily-print paper. Joining us to talk about the cuts is Neil Henry.","He's the dean of U. C. Berkeley's Graduate School of Journalism and the author of \" American Carnival: Journalism Under Siege in an Age of New Media. \"Welcome Neil.","Thank you.","So, I'm not exactly the newest babe on the media block, I have worked in print for Newsweek and, you know, on-air for television, off-air, blah, blah, blah. And it just - it hurts me."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : newest babe on the media block means the newest girl that is becoming popular in media","questions":"Which term did person PersonB use to describe their experience in the media industry?","answer":"print"}
{"text":["Yeah. It was soon dead. They had trapped it with a snare just to - we saw deer that had been killed by snares. So, that's a very efficient way of taking out the animals in a forest. So, even small economic changes here will ripple through South Sudan and affect the economy, the animals, the future of, you know, the future earning potential of tourism could all be change significantly in next five years.","And those people who killed the boar, you later found out were poachers.","Yeah. They don't, you know, nobody can quite say where the rules are and which rules apply, but I have to admit having snacked on that animals, the minister of animal told me, oh, they're poachers. Yes, I've been down there and told them. They must not poach. So it's really theoretical. They know national, you know, the national parks in South Sudan, large one Boma, which has the great animal migration is 8,800 square miles. The second one that's full of a lot of animals, 3,700 square miles. They have no roads, no buildings, no trained wardens, they have untrained. People have been assigned like army conscripts, but there's no effective park system or rules about anything.","You went by airplane to find that herd of elephants you described but you refused to tell us where it is."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"changes here will ripple through South Sudan\" implies that what happened will have numerous effects on the country ","questions":"How will the changes mentioned in turn 0 impact South Sudan?","answer":"Ripple"}
{"text":["Unfortunately, we know that the homeless individuals who are unsheltered and living in the street are disproportionately burdened with behavioral health challenges, mental disease, substance abuse disorders. And so if a nurse from the government shows up with a syringe and says, hey, I'm here from the government. I'm here to help you. Take this shot - it's not so simple. We have had to spend a tremendous amount of time building trust, providing education and making the case for why receiving a vaccine is such a critical opportunity for them to protect their health.","What are the symptoms of hepatitis A?","These are symptoms that basically reflect inflammation of the liver. And the most common symptoms are basically fever, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, significant abdominal pain, the loss of appetite. And then one of the telltale things is either darkening of the urine or what's called jaundice, which is the common yellowing of the eyes and the yellow hue of the skin, indicating liver enzymes being spilled into the bloodstream. So jaundice is also a very common symptom.","Dr.  Yphnatides, if you think long term about changes you would want to see made to prevent another outbreak like this in the future, where does that take you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: Dr. Yphnatides is being asked to think about what changes should be made in the future to prevent another outbreak like this.","questions":"What is Dr. Yphnatides being asked to consider for the future?","answer":"Prevention"}
{"text":["So there's always been this open question about why Deutsche Bank lent to Trump when other banks wouldn't. And for investigators, the question is, you know, all the more pressing because Deutsche Bank has really a record of malfeasance and irregularities.","Tell us more about that history, some of the allegations. We mentioned money laundering earlier.","Right. Well, yeah, money laundering - the bank paid fines totaling $630 million in 2017. Regulators said some of its clients moved a huge amount of money, like $10 billion, out of Russia into offshore accounts illegally. And Deutsche Bank basically allowed it to happen. The - and the allegations about money laundering continue. Just recently, in November, the bank's headquarters in Frankfurt were raided by investigators. They were looking at how Deutsche Bank helped set up illegal accounts as part of this big, money laundering - global money laundering scheme.","So add to that Deutsche Bank paid $7. 2 billion for helping set up toxic mortgages before the financial crisis. It paid a big fine for violating U. S.  sanctions against Iran and Syria. So really, the bank has a long record of scandal, to say the least."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : allowed it to happen\" and \"set up illegal accounts\" - These phrases suggest that Deutsche Bank was complicit in facilitating illegal activity.","questions":"Which phrases suggest Deutsche Bank was involved in illegal activity?","answer":"allowed,setup"}
{"text":["Oh, by all means. I mean, the family in particular has been just, I mean, courageous. I've been at this 50 years now, and sometimes families withdraw, and we understand that. But this family has been a model of participation in all of the rallies, the demonstrations that we've had, and some of the members will be arrested. Therefore, they have sent a message across the city, indeed across the nation, rallying young people because Sean was about 22, 23, rallying young people to this cause.","Now, you and Reverend Sharpton's National Action Network were involved in protests around the shooting death of Amadou Diallo. Civil disobedience played a big role in those protests. What do you think those protests taught you, or what did you learn from them?","Well, you know, we've been doing this across the years. There's nothing new about a civil disobedience. But having 1,200 people arrested in a daily civil disobedience venture is phenomenal. It made an impact upon the police department itself and upon the politics in New York. Giuliani was the mayor at that time.","We hope that we will have a residential law. That is to say that policemen should live where they work. So that would mean you kill where you live. And I suspect that if you're going to kill where you live, you'll be more inclined not to kill, and we hope that there would be an independent civilian complaint review board that would review the behavior of the police."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Protests involving civil disobedience had a significant impact on the politics and police department of New York.","questions":"How did civil disobedience protests impact New York's politics and police department?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["Look, I think the president's actually been very clear about the things that he wants. He wants to address border security, he wants to deal with chain migration, and he wants to deal with the lottery. And he's certainly willing to provide legal status for DREAMers. So if those are your four principle points and they've been known for months, there ought to be a way to reach an agreement.","Border security means a wall?","It means border security. The president's acknowledged he's not talking about a wall from sea to shining sea. But it does require physical structures in a lot of places. Back in 2006, Congress actually voted for about twice the amount of physical barriers that we have today - so finishing that off, rebuilding parts of it. But again, as both General Kelly and the president acknowledged, we're not talking about a wall across the entire length of the border. But we are calling for much more intense border security.","Representative Tom Cole of Oklahoma, thanks for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A: Look, I think the president's actually been very clear about the things that he wants... So if those are your four principle points and they've been known for months, there ought to be a way to reach an agreement.  Implication: A is suggesting that the four principle points that the president has mentioned are clear and have been discussed for months, and therefore there should be a way to reach an agreement based on them.","questions":"How many principle points has the president mentioned?","answer":"four"}
{"text":["So, you know, it was a very, very gutsy move because he and I, we didn't have a quarter. And I'm sure you're saying, well, how did you open up a restaurant without any money?Well, my grandmother, who was in her 90s, was gracious enough and had enough faith and confidence in us to use her house as collateral, and we took out a small 20,000 dollar loan, opened up a 2,000-square-foot restaurant in 1988.","And, the first day we opened, we were dead broke. We didn't have a cash register. There were so many things that we didn't have that I wouldn't dare try to open up a restaurant in today's time without. But in less than the two years - we leased the building for two years - in two years, not only had we paid my grandmother her money back, but we had saved 40,000 dollars. And we took that money and used it as a down payment and purchased our first restaurant.","Well, you know, I want to go to you, Gina, because I understand that there was a reunion at which you two reconnected. Tell me about that, first of all.","Pat and I dated in high school. As a matter of fact, our parents went to the same high school, and we got back together - we dated all through high school, we broke up, of course, and then we got back together at our 10-year reunion."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"got back together\" - This means that they resumed their romantic relationship, rather than literally getting back to the same physical location.","questions":"Which relationship resumed at the reunion?","answer":"relationship"}
{"text":["Well, about five years ago, when we started the project, it was actually the internal project name, and we had a series of scientists and engineers trying to think about how we could make glass tougher, more resistant to damage. And someone in the room just threw it out and said gorilla, and it stuck, and it became the product name.","And tell us about the history. Wasn't Corning experimenting with a super-tough glass back in the '60s?","Yeah, we sure were. Back in the early '60s, we had a product that we actually launched called Chemcor. The basic principles of trying to strengthen glass were the same, but we were targeting different applications to include automotive and safety glasses.","And so why is it not in automotive and safety glass?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The name 'gorilla' was not related to gorillas at all.","questions":"What was the inspiration behind the name 'gorilla'?","answer":"Gorilla"}
{"text":["So if we're negotiating in public, we're not really negotiating at all.","That's correct. What we're doing is playing chicken, all kinds of games with each other. It's just a mess. You know, whenever you get to the entitlements, and so everybody knows, I'm out of the Senate three years and a half, but I was there for 36 years, and much of my work was budgeting. If I were there, I would be right in the middle of this. You would have been hearing from me for the last two years, and you'd be tired of my voice.","And you, Neal, would have had me on so many times, you would have said I don't want you anymore.","Well, I doubt that, Senator."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning is that the speaker would have appeared on a media outlet many times. The actual meaning is that the speaker would have been very vocal and persistent on the issue, possibly annoying the media host.","questions":"What is the actual meaning of the PersonA's statement in turn 2?","answer":"Persistent"}
{"text":["You know, that's when you've really, really been out there a little too long. But that's kind of what it takes. If you want to try to shake eight million hands, you better be ready mentally as well as physically.","Mayor Bloomberg leaves office a national figure, and reportedly the 10th richest man in America. What's he want to do with the rest of his life?Do you have any inkling?","He's given some clues. I mean, one clue that he's given is that he wants to give away all of his money. That aside from taking care of his family, he wants to spend the last dollar on the day that he dies. And he probably doesn't mean that literally, but his pet causes, which are public health and gun control above all, he really has put quite a lot of money into trying to make sure those views are carried forward. And where this is all supposed to lead, assuming the White House is off-limits, is just not clear. But we do know that Mike Bloomberg would have loved to be president, and if ever a chance comes up in the next few years, he will probably take that shot.","Errol Louis, host of \"The Road to City Hall\" on NY1, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He will not take an actual shot but will try to become president if he gets the chance.","questions":"What is one of Mayor Bloomberg's pet causes?","answer":"President"}
{"text":["They're very abstract. I talked with Heather Heckman, who's at the University of South Carolina Libraries, and they loaned us some of this Vishniac footage. And she was, like, it's almost like avant-garde film because, you know, you look at these oyster larvae pulsating, and you don't know what they are. They're just - but it's really beautiful.","So we talked - so we learn about Vishniac and also sort of figure out how things have changed since the '50s, '60s and '70s, which is when he was doing his work. And we spoke with Wim van Egmond, who's this Dutch photographer who wins all these Nikon Small Worlds contests. I think people who follow this will know his name. But he makes these beautiful, microscopic videos and videos through the microscope and photos, too.","And they're all one-celled creatures?","Not all of them."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"it's almost like avant-garde film\" - this is a figurative expression meaning that the footage is very abstract and unconventional, similar to avant-garde films, rather than a literal comparison to a specific genre of film.","questions":"Which type of films is the footage compared to?","answer":"Avant-garde"}
{"text":["Well, that is a great question. And the real question here - and the son of the famed Northern Alliance commander Ahmad Shah Massoud this week is actually hedging his bets. He is bringing together on Wednesday an anti-Taliban coalition. They say they're going to fight the Taliban politically and militarily, if necessary - really kind of an indication that the Afghans aren't sure that they can trust the Taliban at all. Leila, while these negotiations have begun going on for nine months, the Taliban have continued to fight on the ground trying to increase their leverage on the battlefield so that they would have more influence at the negotiating table. And so Afghans aren't sure whether this - any peace agreement will mean the fighting is going to stop.","So then what does that mean for Afghanistan's upcoming presidential elections scheduled for later this month?","Well, President Ghani has insisted these elections should go forward. But this week, Abdullah Abdullah, his main contender and his chief executive officer, has said, he's ready to quit the elections for the sake of peace and that kind of throws things into question. So far, we understand the elections are going forward. Election materials are being distributed now as we speak. The elections are only four weeks away. And it - what's really uncertain is whether the Taliban who have vehemently opposed these elections have said that they will attack anything associated with the elections whether they're trying to make this a condition for further talks with the Afghans, which is the next step in this process.","That's reporter Jennifer Glasse in Kabul. Jennifer, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It's not betting but making sure that his chance has a better chance of succeeding.","questions":"What is the son of Ahmad Shah Massoud doing this week?","answer":"Bringing"}
{"text":["Wow. So that must have even surprised the researchers, I imagine.","Yeah, well the big thing is nobody really has any even guess about how the brain is able to do this. They did some similar experiments where they weren't turning somebody's world upside-down, they were - they had goggles that reversed right and left. So everything that was on your right is suddenly on your left.","And again, the first few days were just madness from the point of view of somebody doing this. The whole world is reversed. But after a few days, the brain adjusted to it.","Amazing. And so when they took the goggles of him and he had to go back to the normal life, how long did that take?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The brain is capable of adjusting to unusual situations quickly.","questions":"Which attribute of the brain was tested in the experiment?","answer":"Adjustability"}
{"text":["Right. I don't think we're at the stage of a full sectarian civil war, but we're certainly moving in the direction of greater sectarianism. The government is pushing this to some extent by doing some ethnic cleansing of villages where there's mixed Alawites and others, and they want to get the Sunnis mostly out.","Should they need to retreat to those regions, they want them fully Alawite.","Well, that's one theory. I think the idea of an Alawite state, where Assad and the Alawites can retreat, is not realistic, it wouldn't work, it wouldn't last. But they have to work out some kind of system, ultimately, where all Syrians can live together, which is how they've always done it.","You don't have a history of sectarian tensions in Syria like you do in some other countries. But you never also had a history of real democracy either. So they've never had a chance to work out a democratic system for power-sharing. The Iraqis are going through the same thing right now, huge demonstrations by Sunnis against the Shiite-led government. The Kurds are more or less on their own in the North."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to move in direction in this context means to change something","questions":"How is the government contributing to greater sectarianism?","answer":"ethnic"}
{"text":["The yield curve has inverted for a full quarter, and that has been associated with predicting a recession for the last seven recessions. So from 1960s, this indicator has been reliable in terms of foretelling a recession. And also, importantly, it has not given any false signals yet.","So that would mean yes (laughter).","That means yes.","OK. So let me break down - let me ask you to break down what that means. What is the yield curve, and what does it mean when it's inverted?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is confirming that the yield curve has inverted.","questions":"How has the yield curve been associated with predicting a recession?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Yeah, I think so. I think it's sort of like - the way I've been thinking about it, whereas Neanderthals - they were kind of an archaeological group that was in search of genomics and genetic elucidation, so we had all these bones from individuals we knew were Neanderthals because we've studied their archaeology and the tools they made so well, and so we wanted to compare that archaeology, the people who carried those - made those tools to present-day humans, see how they were related.","But in the case of the Denisovans, we started with the DNA, and we know there must have been a population, and really interesting to see what they were like. The West Eurasian, the European archaeological record and the archaeological record of the Middle East, is really, really well-studied and characterized by European and Western researchers. But the archaeological record of the eastern parts of Eurasia is more poorly studied or not studied at least within the same framework.","And it's a vast region of the world, which we know had humans in it when modern humans exploded out of Africa 40 or 50 thousand years ago. And so it's really exciting, and the data, the DNA tells you it's exciting, to try to figure out who those humans were. They were not exactly Neanderthals.","Hmm. In fact, isn't it true that when this bone was first discovered, people just thought it was a human bone?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This bone turned out to be a bone of a different species than humans","questions":"How did the bone turn out to be different from humans?","answer":"different"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. European leaders meet in Brussels to discuss further sanctions against Russia. That's after Russia's military incursion this week in eastern Ukraine. Those Russian troops and their military equipment are widely believed to be helping separatist fighters and their new offensive in southeastern Ukraine. The rebels were able to capture a strategic town on Thursday. And NPR's Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson is there. Soraya, thanks very much for being with us. Tell us about this town that was captured.","The town is called Novoazovsk, and it's a resort town on the seaside here - the sea of Azov. There about 13,000 people live here, although it looks very vacant at the moment. But what happened is, earlier this week, separatist forces came in. They fought with Ukrainians, who - and the separatists claim they fled fairly quickly. But the fighting was pretty intense for three days according to the residents that we spoke to.","And at this point, it's under the control of the pro-separatist forces. Now we actually saw somebody who looked - I mean, he sounded Russian. He had a Russian gun. There seems to be a mix of people here. Definitely not locals who are here. But the separatists claim that they do not have any Russians among them. That these are Ukrainian fighters who are here that are creating the new Russia and that all the weapons and tanks that we're seeing - and we've seen at least three tanks here. They claim that these are confiscated from Ukrainians.","Is the takeover popular?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The implied meaning of this question is to ask whether the people of Novoazovsk are in favour of the takeover by pro-separatist forces.","questions":"Which question can be answered with only one word and asks if the people of Novoazovsk support the pro-separatist forces' takeover?","answer":"Popular"}
{"text":["The Supreme Court heard arguments this morning on SB 1070, the Arizona immigration law, which passed in 2010. The most controversial part of the legislation requires local law enforcement to check the immigration status of people they suspect of being in the United States illegally. The central question before the justices is the extent of the federal government's authority over immigration law. A decision's expected this summer and, like the decision on the health care law, could play a role in the presidential election.","David Savage, Supreme Court correspondent for The Los Angeles Times and The Chicago Tribune, joins us now by phone from his office here in Washington. David, always nice to have you with us.","Hi, Neal.","And today might - the justices - obviously, this it their last day of arguments this term, not a low-profile case."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to understand the intended message.","questions":"What is the speaker doing with turn 1?","answer":"Conveying"}
{"text":["And when we went to the break, you were saying that one of the advantages of storing it in DNA is once you make it, it will last a very long time.","That's right, and you gave the example in your introduction that - one of the examples that we like to use, it's quite well-known, you know, there's been these Neanderthal samples found, and they can get DNA out of there and read the DNA in technical - we call it we sequence the DNA. And those samples from Neanderthals, or another great example is wooly mammoth, they get samples routinely from 10,000- or 20,000- or 50,000-year-old mammoths.","And that's not even a carefully controlled sample. That's just, you know, a mammoth that laid down and died somewhere cold.","I'm sorry for the mammoth. So - but if you took your DNA, you would store it in a controlled environment somewhere, or does it not need that?If the mammoth is lying in the ice. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : go on break in this context means the show went to commercials, as its commonly called a commercial break","questions":"Which show went to commercials?","answer":"Not-Applicable"}
{"text":["Well, I think his biggest mistake was that he was a very strict controller of how the theory was handled by his disciples. In other words, he permitted no deviation or modification of his theory or methods, and he didn't encourage any research to empirically validate his theory. So basically, people that followed him and embraced his theory had to take it on faith.","A somewhat lesser-known figure I found fascinating to read about, Dr.  Benjamin Rush, the only doctor to sign the Declaration of Independence. I guess he's known as the father of American psychiatry. But I've got to tell you after reading about him, I wonder why a pretty good medical school is named after him.","Again, we have to understand that to view things through the lens of the 21st century, it puts things in a really - a different light. Benjamin Rush was a physician, and what he did was to really take seriously the plight of people who were mentally ill. He wasn't a psychiatrist. He was a physician. The problem is is that the knowledge was so limited at the time, they really weren't able to gain any traction in understanding the underlying basis of severe mental illnesses. And so they came up with these ideas and these treatments that now seem to be either cockamamie or cruel.","Yeah. Psychiatry over the years has been back and forth on if mental disorder - for example, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia - is inherited."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"gain any traction\" - This means to make progress or gain momentum. It is a figurative expression that refers to the difficulty of making progress in understanding severe mental illnesses due to limited knowledge at the time.","questions":"What does \"gain any traction\" mean?","answer":"progress"}
{"text":["And I did. And it hurt me. And I've cried. I've made defendants cry. I had the whole courtroom crying once because my sense of hurt was so real and so immediate.","And everybody talks about the problem in general or their dealing with one person, I used to get the individual en masse, day after day after day. And after a while - now, if you don't care, it's fine. But once you do care, it is exasperating, exhausting, and you feel a sense of complete impotence in dealing with the issue.","What do you think about the debate that goes on in our community around this?Because Judge Arrington has now appeared at an event with Bill Cosby, who's been a big critic of what he sees as the negative sides of black behavior.","So, when you look at this, you look at your experience with seeing the same people go in and out of court, with having people come on your show and disrespect the idea of trying, do you think that the debate that's going on right now in our community is going to produce change or could it divide us, where some people say, I don't need your judgements?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The whole courtroom was probably not crying, it just means that a lot of people present were crying or just moved emotionally.","questions":"What was the effect of the PersonA's sense of hurt on the courtroom?","answer":"emotionally"}
{"text":["And let's begin with mumps. Officials in Ohio say it's the largest outbreak since the forties. How can that happen?","Mumps vaccine, although a very good vaccine, is not a perfect vaccine. And it's about 80 percent - 85 percent effective if mumps is reintroduced into a population. And so what we're seeing here is largely people who have been vaccinated, but now that mumps has been imported into the United States - into that population - it's spreading slowly in that group and it's difficult to contain.","What about the decision that some American parents have made not to vaccinate their children?Do you think that contributes?","Not so much to the mumps outbreak, but it does contribute to the measles problem that we're having. The measles outbreaks are clearly occurring in populations whose parents have withheld their children from immunization. They remain susceptible."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  In (3), the implied meaning is that some parents have chosen not to vaccinate their children, which may be contributing to the measles problem. ","questions":"What problem is caused by some American parents' decision not to vaccinate their children?","answer":"Measles."}
{"text":["Well, what happened on Tuesday was very interesting. During the day on Tuesday, there was a very small protest. They were in the middle of central Baghdad in Tahrir Square. They were very quickly dispersed by the Iraqi security forces, but then a call went out on social media from people's individual accounts to say, let's go back to the square at 3 o'clock. And the numbers surprised everybody. There were thousands of people in the square who reacted to that, and they all had one real message to the government. That was to end corruption and provide jobs and opportunity.","The government were completely surprised by this, and they sent in the Iraqi army and the police with very heavy-handed tactics. They used live fire. They used tear gas. They used rubber-coated steel bullets. Now, there were a number of deaths that day, and then the protests spread to other parts of the country.","So whatever had happened, it struck a chord with very young people. Now, the median age of the protesters, as far as I can work out, is about 20 years old. These are people who don't remember Saddam Hussein, who, you know, barely remember the U. S. -led occupation of Iraq. What they do remember is the last 10 years and the opportunities that have not been given to them.","And as you have been moving around the streets, reporting, trying to talk to them, what specifically do they tell you that they want?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It affected the young people's emotions when they saw what happened.","questions":"How did the incident impact the youth?","answer":"Emotions"}
{"text":["Exactly, exactly.","How often does this happen?This is quite rare, is it not?","Yeah, we haven't had an annular eclipse in the United States since 1994, and this is part of what's called a sero-cycle(ph) that repeats itself every 18 years, 11 days and six hours - but who's counting that?But it repeats itself very precisely, and so we'll have another eclipse just like this 18 years, 11 days and six hours from now.","And in a couple of weeks, there's going to be another big sky show, right?The Transit of Venus. Tell us about that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This goes beyond what is being asked and explains the cycle of annular eclipses in more detail. ","questions":"What is the duration of the sero-cycle that repeats itself in annular eclipses?","answer":"18,years,11,days,6,hours"}
{"text":["Right. So a lot of this book takes place in a world that is slightly adjacent to our own perhaps. And my wife and I are both Jewish, and we really wanted to keep our wedding very small and very simple. We didn't invite a lot of people, and a lot of people were very upset about that. But we really wanted to keep it simple and not have a big to-do. And I was shocked that even when we were both in agreement about that of how complicated it was to just have this small, simple wedding. And some of the things we wanted, I couldn't explain to you why it was that - you know, why must we get married under a chuppah?I don't know, but we both have to. Or, like, the food - I go, oh, we'll just get, like, some takeout. It's only 20 people. We're not getting takeout for our wedding.","And then I thought we were on the same page on this.","I thought we were on the same page.","We've had conversations about this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : on the same page implies having the same opinion and understanding about something ","questions":"Which phrase implies having the same opinion and understanding about something?","answer":"samepage"}
{"text":["NPR's Sylvia Poggioli says the showdown speaks to deeper tensions between populists and liberals, tensions we've seen playing out across Europe. And Sylvia joins me now from Rome. Hey, there.","Hi, there.","So tell us exactly what has unfolded here. This all began back on June 12.","That's right. That's when the captain of the NGO ship Sea-Watch, 31-year-old Carola Rackete, and her crew rescued 53 migrants off the coast of Libya. They decided to head for the closest safe port, which is the Italian island of Lampedusa. But Italy's populist Interior Minister Matteo Salvini has introduced a controversial security decree that bans NGO migrant ships from entering Italian ports. He claims they essentially are in cahoots with human traffickers. But after two weeks on the high seas, the standoff continued.","And just to be clear, Sylvia, they were just circling in the waters out there for two weeks, trying to figure out what to do next."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They are trying to ask what happen in Europe ","questions":"Which European tension is being referred to in the dialogue?","answer":"political"}
{"text":["I don't think I have to. I'm a jazz musician. I know what I am. Whether the music you think I'm playing or professing is jazz or not, it's kind of not my problem, you know what I mean?I'm a jazz musician, and this is what I do.","I do conduction, and it doesn't matter whether I do it with classical musicians or jazz musicians or traditional Japanese instruments, Korean instruments, Turkish instruments. It doesn't matter. This is what I do, work with funk musicians or pop musicians. It doesn't matter. I'm still doing - I'm still showing everybody the same sign. This means sustain. This means repeat. This means graphic information. This means this, this, and that.","Some of your newer music, it's recording Nublu Orchestra. It crosses many genres. Let's take a listen to \"Downstairs. \"","How did you get started on this path?I mean, who were your influences?Who were the musicians that sparked in your imagination that this is a road you might take?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the musicians actually created a spark in the speaker's imagination, but the figurative meaning is that the musicians inspired the speaker's creativity.","questions":"Which road did the musicians spark in the PersonA's imagination?","answer":"Road"}
{"text":["You know, Scott, it's really hard to say. Most of the people we've talked to here in Edmonton over the past few days say what's happening with FIFA has nothing to do with what's going on on the field. There's definitely a worry here, though, that the media will fixate on it. And at FIFA's opening press conference in Vancouver, the president of Canada's soccer association got a barrage of questions all about the drama, and he basically said, look, this is perfect timing for the Women's World Cup. It's the purest form of the game. It's soccer to the core. Let's focus on that because that's what this sport needs - some purity, some positivity. And let's not forget, Scott, this is the biggest women's sporting event in the entire world. And a half a billion people are expected to watch today's opening game between Canada and China, so it's a big deal.","And more national teams than ever, right?","Yeah, that's right. The World Cup is held every four years, and this year there are 24 teams, which is eight more than four years ago. It should be really exciting. Canada is a giant country. So they're going to be traveling around a ton from the West Coast of Vancouver all the way to Moncton on the East Coast, which, you know, hey, I've never even heard of that place so that should be. . .","I've been to Moncton."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I've been to Moncton\" - means the speaker has visited Moncton before, rather than literally carrying or moving to that location.","questions":"What does the PersonA's turn in statement 3 imply?","answer":"Familiarity"}
{"text":["Not necessarily. Sinkholes can happen for many different reasons at different times. However, we do tend to see sinkholes occur more often during high precipitation events, so during a wet season, for instance. The - if you have a void underground and in the soil it tends to work its way toward the surface. And so then you have - and we don't necessarily see any kind of subsidence on the surface if it's a nice, tight, clay soil.","But when you add a lot of water to it, you're adding - you know, water weighs a lot. So you're adding that weight to that soil bridge, basically, over that void. And once you get to a certain amount of weight, it'll collapse. The other situation is during droughts. Water tables will drop, so that'll give you a little bit more instability for what's on the surface, but also clay holds water very well.","And during a drought, you might dry up the water that's in that clay. And clay, you know, that water is basically like a glue. It's adhesive. And if you lose that adhesion, you also can get sinkholes.","Is there a way to detect if you have a sinkhole under your property someplace?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Deep holes in the ground that appear suddenly and continue to keep deeper happen for different reasons at different times.","questions":"How do sinkholes occur?","answer":"a"}
{"text":["I think the - the city will continue as it is. It's still the heart of all economic activity, of business. The plan to move the capital of Jakarta somewhere else is nearly 60 years old. The first Indonesian president, I think, in 1957 already came up with plans. In fact, they build a city in another part of Indonesian Borneo that was going to be the new capital.","Now, that didn't happen. But - so these plans are - have been around for a long time, and this has also got to do with taking the center of Indonesia's power, which is now concentrated on the island of Java, more centrally to Indonesia.","So the proposed new location in Borneo - is that a better choice for a capital?","It's not too bad. I've lived in the area for quite some time. There is tropical rainforest, and the government has emphasized that they want this to be a really green development. There's going to be no deforestation. There's going to be very smart planning. Of course, environmentalists like myself are concerned about what is going to happen once you move a million people into a relatively sparsely part of Indonesian Borneo. That likely will have significant impacts on the environment."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Moving a million people to a sparsely populated area may harm the environment despite the government's plans for green development.","questions":"How might the environment be impacted by moving a million people to a sparsely populated area?","answer":"Environment"}
{"text":["A lawsuit was filed this week in federal court on behalf of a man who moved from Puerto Rico to Southeast Georgia in 2017. He applied for a driver's license after waiting at the required 30 days. The man, Kenneth Caban Gonzalez, says that an inspector from the Georgia Department of Driver Services confiscated his documents and asked him a number of trivia questions such as, who is Roberto Clemente, and what is the name of the frog native only to Puerto Rico?He alleges he also asked trick questions such as, where is Caguas beach?There is no beach in Caguas.","The lawsuit accuses the state of violating the Civil Rights Act by holding residents of Puerto Rico to more stringent requirements than it does transplants from other U. S.  states. The advocacy group Latino Justice is litigating the case along with the Southern Center for Human Rights. And with us now is Gerry Weber. He's a senior attorney at the Southern Center.","Welcome. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The state of Georgia has unequal requirements for residents of Puerto Rico.","questions":"How is the state of Georgia treating residents of Puerto Rico?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["So when we think of plays like \"Romeo And Juliet,\" quite often they mention - well, in particular \"Romeo And Juliet\" - it mentions nightingales and particularly larks. And indeed would make the sound of a lark. So found - in any other context you could just say, oh, it's a (unintelligible). But found in this context, there's a possibility that it was used, as you say, as a special effect during performance.","Oh, my word. What else have you found that'd we'd enjoy hearing about?","We're just starting to find things that may have been used by actors or the audience - things like clay pipes or hair combs and the old coin.","What will become of the Curtain when you're done?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"And indeed would make the sound of a lark\" - Here, the phrase \"make the sound of a lark\" is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as a metaphor for the sound that the actor would produce, perhaps through singing or whistling, to create the impression of a lark.","questions":"Which bird's sound is mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Lark"}
{"text":["We're hoping that this research kind of paves the way to looking at novel high-speed adhesives. So how do you grab things - difficult things - very, very quickly?And so, like, if you were to grab something that's dusty, like a brick, or furry, duct tape's not going to be able to stick to either of those things. You know, you're going to have to use something like claws or grabbing mechanisms. But we think that with this new type of thick, viscous fluid coating a very soft substrate, that it will be able to grab oddly textured things very quickly. So in my mind, I'm dreaming of a - like, a frog tongue attached to a drone, and the drone can fly around and pick up packages really quickly and fly away.","Do you mind me asking - after a day in the lab - I'm just guessing- do you just want to go home and fast?I mean, it must be difficult to eat anything.","(Laughter) There are times that - especially in the beginning - where I had the smell of frog in my nose for at least an hour, and I couldn't eat anything. But by the end of the study, I'd been - you know, I was eating frog legs every week - part of the study.","Oh, no. Seriously?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) implies that A has a very tiring day in the lab and wants to finish the work quickly and go home.","questions":"What smell did PersonA have in their nose for at least an hour?","answer":"Frog"}
{"text":["So crack down on the doctors, but make sure there's a support system ready for their patients.","Absolutely. And the thing is - and this is so beautiful - is that when you get to watch lives change. For myself, you know, I used to get up every single morning thinking, you know, where am I going to get my pills?And that occupied my entire day. Now, keep in mind, I was a practicing physician. So I had some other things to do. And that's what people who are, you know, who are addicted are facing every single day.","And now, you know, providing them with quality help and watching them change their lives is one of the most fun things that I've ever been involved with. We need to make that opportunity more widespread. We need to decrease the stigma around stepping out and ask for help. And also, Sacha, we need to make evidence-based treatment available without the stigma that goes along with it.","That's Dr.  Steven Loyd. He's based in Nashville, Tenn. Thanks for talking with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"That's Dr. Steven Loyd. He's based in Nashville, Tenn. Thanks for talking with us.\"  The literal meaning of this turn is simply an introduction to Dr. Steven Loyd. The implied meaning is that the interview has ended and the interviewer is thanking Dr. Loyd for his time and participation.","questions":"How was Dr. Steven Loyd involved in the conversation?","answer":"Introduction"}
{"text":["Mr.  Bostrom, as I understand it, you have spent a lot of your working life dealing with nuclear war and asteroid strikes and now the prospect of superintelligent machines. How you doing?","Well, I actually also spend some time thinking about the upside of things, like, if things go well, if humanity makes it through this century intact, I think the future for Earth originating intelligent life could be very long and very large and very bright, indeed. We might reach technological maturity in this century, and with that would come the possibility to colonize the universe and to cure cancer and to accomplish many other things that we can only vaguely dream about today. It's worth being really careful and making sure that we don't screw up along the path.","Nick Bostrom is the founder and director of the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University and the author of \"Superintelligence. \"Thanks for speaking with us, Mr.  Bostrom, and I don't mind saying good luck.","Thanks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In (3), the speaker is not wishing Mr. Bostrom good luck in the literal sense, but rather expressing his appreciation for speaking with them and thanking him for his efforts.","questions":"Which expression in (2) suggests that the speaker is familiar with the accomplishments of Mr. Bostrom?","answer":"Author"}
{"text":["It occurred on August 1st, in the late hours of the morning. One Serbian fell, and another (unintelligible) porter fell as well trying to rescue him, and that was the beginning of the fatalities. However, the serac fall, which stranded most of the climbers, didn't occur until quite late in the evening on August 1st.","A serac is a big column of ice, a big sheet of ice. And it fell off the mountain, and that complicated things for a lot of people. What were conditions like?","The weather was completely calm, very cold and clear, which is normal. No wind and as the day began to - as the sun began to rise, the weather was actually better than we could have hoped for. But, of course, things changed. The wind began to pick up the next day as people were stranded, and that complicated the rescue effort.","You were attempting to summit on that day, weren't you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"You were attempting to summit on that day, weren't you?\" - The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking if the person was planning to reach the summit on that day. The implied meaning could be that the speaker wants to know if the person was involved in the events that were being discussed earlier.","questions":"What was the PersonA's implied reason for asking if the person was attempting to summit on that day?","answer":"Events"}
{"text":["In 2013, a professor there, Ethan Zuckerman, had said, look - this is a guy who's a sex offender. He's done these crimes against children, solicited procurement of prostitution of minors. He shouldn't be involved in the institute. So two years later, when Ito was making sure that he could come to the offices to look around, they essentially said, we've got to box Zuckerman out so that he won't be able to see that Epstein is on campus.","So have there been any ramifications to this other than Ito's resignation?","Well, sure. Zuckerman resigned. A couple other people have resigned affiliations with the lab. I think there's real questions focusing on the university - why this resignation didn't come sooner, why it wasn't forced. You don't need an MIT Ph. D.  to be able to read the writing on the wall that's in letters that big. And they should have had some accountability and responsibility. The initial statements didn't, you know, seem to allow the precise nature of the interactions, the precise figures involved to be obscured to the public. That's not the kind of accountability you want from a place like MIT.","Can you just talk a little bit more about what you think the bigger-picture consequences are of this?I mean, what does this lab do, and why do you think that it's important that people focus on something like this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : MIT should have taken responsibility and acted sooner to address the issue.","questions":"Which institute should have taken responsibility and acted sooner according to the speaker?","answer":"MIT"}
{"text":["Well, you could say both. You know, in 2010, the parent company declared bankruptcy. There's significant debt surrounding and hanging over National Enquirer's parent company. But you can't separate this from the scandals. The Washington Post, in its reporting, claims that the hedge fund manager who's sort of controlling owner now of American Media says that he's disgusted by what he's learned. This is not really anything new for the Enquirer, but don't forget the legal trouble the Enquirer has been in. You know, it got dragged into the investigation of Michael Cohen and others. It had to, essentially, negotiate with prosecutors in order to avoid prosecution. And indeed, the Bezos scandal may raise the legal stakes once more.","I mean, we've probably all joked at the grocery store checkout stand, like, looking at the headlines - who would ever buy the National Enquirer?Well, now it's like a more serious question. Who would buy the National Enquirer?","Well, you know, in a straight world, you might say TMZ, the digital gossip site. It's hard to know. It's a damaged brand. It is a notable brand. Somebody may buy it as a plaything, or there's been speculation Jeff Bezos would want to strangle it, buy it and put it out. . .","Wow. That would be. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) implies that it is surprising that anyone would buy the National Enquirer, while ","questions":"Which digital gossip site was mentioned as a potential buyer of the National Enquirer?","answer":"TMZ"}
{"text":["Oh, it was like looking out across the ocean. There was water from as far as you could see both ways. And I think it was over a billion dollars worth of damage to our community and East Grand Forks. Seemed quite hopeless, but our message today is one of hope. And I think FEMA has referred to us as a poster child for flood recovery because of what we've accomplished as a community.","After the flood, the city decided some homes needed to be removed to make way for key infrastructure. How was that decision made?","Decision-making - that's the most important thing about recovery is people have to make decisions, and whether they're popular or not, to allow the recovery to occur. So we had to choose places that were in the floodplain that couldn't be rebuilt. And those entry-level homes had to be taken to build the infrastructure for the flood recovery project.","Your own home was slated to be raised to make way for this new flood system. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"slated to be raised to make way for this new flood system\" - the actual meaning is that the speaker's home was going to be demolished or relocated in order to make space for the new flood system infrastructure, rather than being physically raised or elevated.","questions":"Which word describes the incorrect interpretation of the phrase \"slated to be raised\"?","answer":"Raised"}
{"text":["They came out weekly. So a reader really would get their news day to day in the mainstream paper or on the radio. But this aspect of racial pride and presenting stories of achievement and success and issues was so important for readers of the time because this is the only place you would see lengthy stories of interest to blacks.","Nancy, we don't have very much time, so very briefly, tell us how she actually was tracked by the government. I mean, comic strips were considered political at this point, and she was investigated by the Justice Department. Just tell us very briefly.","Yes, well, I knew she must have had some kind of surveillance, because her topics were so political. She took on the arms race, the Cold War, freedom of speech. She even named President Truman and talked about the Korean War. So, you know, I made a request at the Justice Department, and I did get her file.","But what was interesting is they did not mention her cartoons. They were interested in her friends and associations and investigated her because of those. And she was with intellectuals and artists and others who - yes, I'm sure some were communists, but many were anti-communists, and she certainly was not a communist. But they followed her, and they had informants watching out for her for about 10 years."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"this is the only place you would see lengthy stories of interest to blacks.\" This turn does not mean that it was the only place where black people could read stories of interest to them. It means that mainstream newspapers and radio stations did not cover stories of interest to black people extensively.","questions":"How were stories of interest to black people covered in mainstream newspapers and radio stations at the time?","answer":"Extensively"}
{"text":["And what about men?After all, they groom too, especially their beards. So, they need tables of their own. Well, these vanities aren't really tables. Men stood to shave at narrow cabinets with stacks of drawers for their grooming supplies. One glossy modern piece caught my eye.","It's red and it's plastic by Raymond Loewy. The design date is 1969. It was manufactured and he made variations on the theme. But this is the men's shaving stand. And as you see, there's no place to sit. So, he combined sort of the historical idea of men's dressing tables with new contemporary materials, the molded plastic. He has no handles, but the grips on the drawers come out of the molded plastic. And the mirror, again, pops up. When you pull it down, it looks like just one closed cabinet. But in fact it's a men's shaving stand.","What is it, do you think, in the human psyche that we - so many of us - I mean, look at the human history that's shown here in this exhibit - need to look at ourselves, at least for a time, to begin the day?","It is inexplicable, it's innate. It's something in our gene pool. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In both of these turns, the implied meaning goes beyond the literal words used. The speaker is not simply asking about the reasons behind the human need to look at themselves or stating that it is innate and related to genetics. The implied meaning suggests a deeper exploration of human psychology and the significance of self-reflection as a part of our daily","questions":"What is the implied meaning behind the discussion of the men's shaving stand?","answer":"Psychology."}
{"text":["Cheryl, I understand there'll be a meeting there later on this afternoon. Who is expected to be there?","Well, officials of the now-closed Republic Windows and Doors are going to be there, along with union representatives, as well as representatives of Bank of America, the bank which canceled funding for this place, and Congressman Luis Gutierrez, who has been spearheading a lot of the negotiations. So that's what's going to be happening this afternoon.","NPR's Cheryl Corley speaking to us from the Republic Windows and Doors factory in Chicago. Thank you, Cheryl.","You're quite welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : spearheading refers to leading  or to initiates an activity such as the negotiations ","questions":"What word describes the role of Congressman Luis Gutierrez in the negotiations?","answer":"Initiating"}
{"text":["You know, it would seem intuitively impossible in this environment that the actors would want to go on strike at this point. Just factoring out for a second the economy, there was a devastating writers' strike, and people were just really tired of that by the time it was over. Now, meanwhile, people are watching their savings disappear, it's terrifying out there, and I can't imagine that people would want to go on strike, but you have to bear in mind that a great many members in the Screen Actors Guild don't really work and can vote. So, that might have an effect on the outcome.","You mention the writers' strike that went on for several months. Many folks in the entertainment industry are still recovering from that. So, what would happen if all of a sudden there were SAG strike as well?","Studios can hold out. They're in bad shape. I mean, they're going to be hurt by this environment economically. But that doesn't mean they can't survive for quite a long time with a strike underway. And that means that people would - I mean, it would just be so devastating; people would lose their jobs. And that wouldn't just be the actors; it would be people who support productions. The actors, unlike the writers, they can close down a movie very quickly. So, it would be an immediate and potentially a long-term and the devastating impact not only for the economy here, but for the Screen Actors Guild if it turned out to backfire.","So, Kim, what happens from here?What's the next steps?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"factoring out for a second\" - This phrase is an idiomatic expression meaning to temporarily set aside a particular factor or consideration.","questions":"What does the phrase \"factoring out for a second\" mean?","answer":"Temporarily"}
{"text":[". . . You are from this area - born in D. C. , raised in Maryland and Virginia - the DMV, as we like to say. So what's it like to be back home now that you're blowing up like this?Can you go to, like, the CVS if you want to without being recognized?","Yeah. I definitely can go to the CVS. You know, sometimes people recognize me, sometimes they don't. But it's a beautiful feeling, and I just can't wait to move back eventually.","How did you start singing or how did you realize you could sing?","I don't know. I just was always singing. I didn't know if it was good or not, but my grandma, she told me that I sounded like an angel. And that maybe - perhaps that kept me going. I mean, I always wanted a solo at the church, and they didn't ever give it to me. But eventually they did, and I froze. But then I killed it. And I just feel like that kind of just followed me all throughout my life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The phrase \"I froze\" does not literally mean that the speaker's body physically froze, but rather that they were nervous or scared.  The phrase \"killed it\" does not literally mean that the speaker caused harm to anything, but rather that they performed very well.","questions":"How did the speaker perform at the church?","answer":"Well"}
{"text":["Is it important to the grassroots to have that still?","Absolutely. I mean, fiscal responsibility is still a measure of what I would call conservative values. The problem is we just don't seem to see the Congress expressing those values any longer. The CBO and the GAO have both said that this kind of spending cannot be sustained. And what can't continue won't continue. So it's irresponsible for us not to deal with the spending issue.","Mark Meckler is the president of Citizens for Self-Governance. Thank you so very much.","Thanks for having me, Lulu. I appreciate it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone","questions":"Which verb describes what hosting someone implies in turn 3?","answer":"Hosting"}
{"text":["They have. About 40-plus have gone, probably as we talk, a number of them have left.","He's not considered a good candidate to lead the party to victory in a general election, I gather.","No, no, he's not. The leadership's come to him very late in life. He's a poor communicator. And that makes it very difficult to win over votes. He excites a section of Britain young people who will turn out in their thousands for his rallies and his meet and. . .","They feel the Bern.","They feel the Bern. The comparisons, again, you can see parallels between what is happening in Britain with what is happening in America. And they're not false. They're not invented.","Kevin Maguire of the Daily Mirror who joined us on Skype, thanks very much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement of  A implies that the Aspirant is too old and does not have a good communication skill to be a leader.","questions":"What is the reason that the aspirant is not considered a good candidate?","answer":"communication"}
{"text":["It occurred on August 1st, in the late hours of the morning. One Serbian fell, and another (unintelligible) porter fell as well trying to rescue him, and that was the beginning of the fatalities. However, the serac fall, which stranded most of the climbers, didn't occur until quite late in the evening on August 1st.","A serac is a big column of ice, a big sheet of ice. And it fell off the mountain, and that complicated things for a lot of people. What were conditions like?","The weather was completely calm, very cold and clear, which is normal. No wind and as the day began to - as the sun began to rise, the weather was actually better than we could have hoped for. But, of course, things changed. The wind began to pick up the next day as people were stranded, and that complicated the rescue effort.","You were attempting to summit on that day, weren't you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"and that was the beginning of the fatalities.\" - The implied meaning here is that the fall resulted in people dying, rather than just being the start of a sequence of events.","questions":"Which event resulted in fatalities?","answer":"Fall"}
{"text":["So are you surprised by these numbers?Is there anything in the report we haven't really heard before?","Unfortunately I wish I could say I was surprised. But it's pretty much an extension of what we've known going back for decades now, and that is that our path of tougher sentencing laws and higher rates of incarceration has really continued unabated. And at this point, as this report points out, we stand alone on the global stage with really no other peers in terms of our use of incarceration.","Can you break down the numbers by race?","Well, that's where the numbers are most compelling and most frightening. The one in a hundred number that got most of the attention, one in a hundred Americans are in prison or jail, obscures the underlying trends and the geographical concentration of incarceration, particularly among low-income communities of color. And once you look for young African\u2014American males, as the report points out, black men between the ages of 20 and 34, one in nine of them are in prison or jail on a given day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The numbers in the report confirm that the use of incarceration in the US has been consistently high for decades, and the country stands alone globally in its incarceration rates.","questions":"How does the report describe the incarceration rates in the US compared to other countries?","answer":"Alone"}
{"text":["I think my career - had before this was 48, and I thought I had a pretty good game in that game. But it turns out it didn't even come close to this one.","I've read you just came from a weekend tournament where you went 11-41 in two games; from the depths to the heights.","Yeah. Yeah. I had a pretty poor shooting weekend. So coming into this game, my coaches and my teammates really wanted to get me going a little bit offensively to get my confidence up before we head into conference play.","And get your confidence up, you made, I think - what was it?More than 50 shots."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"get your confidence up\" is an idiom that means to increase one's self-assurance or self-esteem, rather than literally raising something up.","questions":"What is the idiom used to describe the process of increasing one's self-assurance or self-esteem?","answer":"get"}
{"text":["(Laughing) Someone said, you'd better bring that spear because he's going to need it over the next four years.","You know\u2026","And. . .","Coming from Washington, I think that's absolutely right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : better bring that spear because he's going to need it means the person needs to be more aggressive.","questions":"What does the metaphorical \"spear\" represent in the conversation?","answer":"Aggression"}
{"text":["Debates can matter. They may not decide the race. Lots of social scientists have told us over and over that they don't. And there's polling evidence that their impact is perhaps limited and temporary. But in the popular imagination, including those of a lot of us journalists, the debates are a dramatic moment. They're a dramatic high point in the campaign. And they come just at the time when people are starting to really pay attention.","And in fact, in some states, even starting to vote.","That is correct. They - a number of states have begun their voting as of the Friday of this past week.","Yeah. Both sides right now claim, oh, you know, we just hope to hold our own. We think the other side is such a better debater."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the actual meaning is that both sides are downplaying their chances of success in the debate, even though they may privately believe that they will perform better than the other side. The implied meaning is that both sides are likely overestimating their own abilities and underestimating their opponent's abilities, and that the outcome of the debate may be more uncertain than either side is willing to admit.","questions":"What is the actual meaning of turn 4?","answer":"Meaning"}
{"text":["After he infected you?","Yeah, yeah.","So, let me get this straight. He infected you. You went back to him, and then he didn't want to be associated with you because other people knew about you?","Right. And he was scared his own status would be revealed. They would, you know, he was scared people would think, oh, she got it from him, and things like that.","What was it that you think made you go back to him when many other people would say I'm so angry I want to smack this guy up the head, or worse?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : smack implies giving the person a quick blow or slap","questions":"What action does the word \"smack\" imply?","answer":"quick"}
{"text":["And so, finally, what would affect this backlog?What would be the most - in your view, based on your experience - the most effective way to address this backlog - this enormous backlog of cases?","I think, to begin with, any high-volume court system - criminal courts, you know, outside of the immigration system - can only survive when you have - the two parties are able to conference cases, are able to reach pre-case settlements, are able to reach agreements on things. If you could imagine in the criminal court system, if every jaywalking case had to go through a - you know, a full jury trial and then, you know, get appealed all the way up as high as it could go, that system would be in danger of collapse as well. So I think you have to return to a system where you allow the two sides to negotiate things.","And you also have to give the judges - let them be judges. Give them the tools they need to be judges and the independence they need to be judges. And lastly, you have to prioritize the cases.","Before we let you go, I assume that there were different political perspectives at this conference, given that people come from all different sectors of that - of the bar. And I just wondered - and I assume that there are some there who favor more restrictionist methods and some who don't. I was wondering, overall, was there a mood at this conference?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : cases implies situations, issues or conditions and not suitcases or packs","questions":"How does PersonA describe the importance of negotiating cases in high-volume court systems?","answer":"Negotiate"}
{"text":["Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning.","And what about the value of closed-door sessions?Jared Kushner, the president's son-in-law and top adviser, met with the committee behind closed doors this week. What's the value of that to the committee even as it frustrates the public a bit?","Well, there are pluses and minuses to it. It's best if it's a preparation for a public session. Committee staff, for example, will do a behind-closed-doors questioning very thoroughly and minutely using documents in a way that you don't see so much in a public session. So it can be good preparation. It's also, in this particular situation, it's possible that there's a mixture of classified and non-classified material and you sort that out during the behind-closed-doors.","It sounds like you're describing a dress rehearsal or something like that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : is to practice or prepare for a performance.","questions":"What does turn 3 imply about closed-door sessions?","answer":"fairness"}
{"text":["Thank you very much.","What is the mission of this March for Science?","I think the profession of science is under attack. And why is that happening?Because we've really ceded the floor. We haven't engaged in politics. We've left that open for politicians to come in and really hijack and obfuscate science for their own selfish needs.","When you say that science is under attack, to what degree should we read this march as a protest against Trump administration policies?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2): \"What is the mission of this March for Science?\" While the literal meaning is a straightforward request for information, the implied meaning is that the speaker wants to know more about the motivations and goals behind the March for Science. It implies that the speaker is interested in the larger context and political implications of the event.","questions":"How does PersonB interpret the question \"What is the mission of this March for Science?\"","answer":"Motivations"}
{"text":["NPR's Dina Temple-Raston has been following this story, and she's here now. Dina, scientists and legal experts, they're saying that the evidence against Ivins is really far from foolproof, that there is no smoking gun. What are they concerned about?","Well, a lot of the scientists who have looked at this say that they couldn't - that the FBI couldn't possibly have ruled out everyone who might have matched the anthrax vial or had access to the anthrax vial that they matched to Ivins. And this is basically, without getting too much into the science, this is because anthrax, all you have to do is grow more. So if you had some anthrax, conceivably, from this vial that they linked to Ivins, you could have grown your own source of more of that.","They also can't place him in Princeton, which is where the letters were mailed from, and he has this very distinctive, cramped handwriting that they couldn't match the handwriting on the envelopes. The FBI said it was similar, but there was nothing conclusive there. And there's this broader feeling that he couldn't have possibly accomplished all of this on his own. The plan was too elaborate and too technical for one person to do by themselves.","So what does the FBI say to all those questions?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"cramped handwriting\" - This is a descriptive phrase that refers to handwriting that is very small, tight, and crowded together, making it difficult to read. It does not refer to handwriting that is physically cramped due to space constraints.","questions":"What does the phrase \"cramped handwriting\" describe?","answer":"Handwriting"}
{"text":["That's right. And the U. S.  scientists had been very disappointed in the '58 Brussels fair because they felt the Russians had outshone us in terms of science. And they said we need to do something. And the Seattle guys came along and said, we want to do a fair. You want a science fair. That's what this will be about. The Space Needle was designed to be a symbol of the kind of uplift that science and technology represented to the world.","When they broke ground on the Space Needle, it was literally the same time that the Berlin Wall was being built. And it became this kind of symbol about the difference between us and the Soviets. They were putting up barbwire. We were putting up a vista to the world.","Talking with Knute Berger on SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow here at - in Seattle at the Pacific Science Center right next to the Space Needle. If it were to be built today, would anything be built differently about it, structurally or design-wise or is it almost a perfect needle?","You know, I asked the engineer who's still alive who worked on it. I asked him that exact question. I said what would you today?And he said, basically, we wouldn't anything different. He said we could take some of the weight out of it. They overbuilt it. He. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He wants to know if the tower is perfect as is or should it be changed. ","questions":"How would the engineer change the Space Needle?","answer":"Nothing"}
{"text":["The founder and the all-female staff of the Vatican women's magazine have resigned abruptly citing a climate of distrust. Their publication has gotten attention for their recent work to expose the sexual abuse of nuns by priests. Those stories led to the rise of the hashtag #NunsToo. In a letter of resignation to the pope, the editorial board wrote that they believe there is a Vatican campaign to discredit them and put them under the control of men. And we have NPR's Sylvia Poggioli on the line from Rome.","Hi, Sylvia.","Hi, David.","They are accusing the Vatican of some very serious things there, it sounds like. Tell me more about what prompted this."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is simply a request for more information about what prompted the resignations. However, the implicated meaning could be interpreted as skepticism or doubt about the seriousness of the accusations made by the editorial board. This is because the phrasing \"it sounds like\" suggests a lack of full belief or acceptance of the accusations.","questions":"Which phrasing suggests a lack of full belief or acceptance of the accusations made by the editorial board?","answer":"It-sounds-like"}
{"text":["So a country that was bought by the United States 100 years ago - you're celebrating the centennial this year, and there are still so many other islands that are essentially controlled by European countries, as well - like the Netherlands, France and Britain - that were impacted by Irma. And we've seen a pattern in the response. How has the United States talked about it in your view?","The United States has talked about us as if we are effectively a colony, which is that we are secondary. We are perhaps secondary types of Americans. Now, we do carry American passports in the Virgin Islands, but we don't have federal representation.","We cannot vote for president for example. Our congresswoman, who - we vote for her - she cannot vote in Congress. So we really have no say. But I also think that this has to do with just the way that we are thought of in the national imagination as a place for a vacation and respite. And it's a beautiful place. The Virgin Islands is as beautiful as everybody says.","It is a gorgeous, pristine, absolutely divine place. However, it's a place where human beings also live. So, you know, when Americans travel to Europe, for example, they know that they're traveling to Europe to engage with the cultural history. When people travel to the Caribbean, they are often traveling to avoid the human beings and to just engage in the beauty of the space.","So they're in resorts. They're lying in the sun. They're drinking tropical, rum-infused drinks, but they're not necessarily there for the culture or to talk to the people who live there?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Tourists in the Caribbean often prioritize leisure over cultural experiences.","questions":"Which aspect of the Caribbean do some tourists prioritize over cultural experiences?","answer":"avoid"}
{"text":["And we shall not - I certainly won't see his like again. He was also incredibly fun. And so that's the thing to try to hold onto.","He wrote a lot of letters by hand, didn't he?","He wrote tons of letters. I bet there are a hundred thousand - hundreds out there signed, all the best, George Bush. Many of them are compiled in a lovely volume he did. His - you know, he was the son of a mother who insisted that he not talk - that one not talk about oneself. He was - so when it came time to write a book after he left the presidency, he didn't. . .","Oh, right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : tons of letters implies a very large number and not to full a ton ","questions":"Which phrase in turn 2 implies that George Bush's mother did not want him to talk about himself?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["And now we're going to move from talking with mental health experts to someone who has lived addiction. Jonny W.  lost almost everything to a gambling addiction. Thank you for coming in and being with us.","Thank you for having me here today.","Well, you know, let's start at the beginning. When did you start gambling?","Mr.  W. : Well, I started at the ripe old age of about 12-years-old. And at that particular time, it was just a matter of fun and hanging out with my friends."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Gambling was initially a harmless and enjoyable activity","questions":"How did Jonny initially view gambling?","answer":"Fun"}
{"text":["Basically, they give you a lot of freedom. They don't get in your way. The editors encourage in-depth investigative work. They like to hold public officials accountable. They're also willing to go to bat if you need legal help, if you're trying to get records or things like that.","So would you advise young reporters to do what you have done and stick with a local news organization for a decent amount of time?","Yeah. I think at least a year. Sometimes two years is a good point to kind of reconsider your options. We thought that we were just going to be here for a year, but this paper has a history of crusading investigative reporting, strong local journalism. Our late publisher Ned Chilton coined this phrase called sustained outrage, and that's sort of hammering away at an injustice until it's righted.","People who can manage to stay mad for a long time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"Hammering away at an injustice until it's righted\" - To persistently work towards correcting a wrong.","questions":"Which phrase describes persistently working towards correcting a wrong?","answer":"hammering"}
{"text":["Yeah.","I'm also told by White House officials the Secret Service director was not connected to security questions at Mar-a-Lago. It was in the works before the latest security breach there - Chinese woman with a lot of passports and hard drives.","Right.","But - so this is not necessarily directly connected to immigration unlike Nielsen's resignation, which was immigration-related."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"But - so this is not necessarily directly connected to immigration unlike Nielsen's resignation, which was immigration-related.\" Implication: The reason for the departure of the Secret Service director is not related to immigration issues, unlike the resignation of Nielsen, which was due to immigration-related matters.","questions":"Which resignation was immigration-related?","answer":"Nielsen's"}
{"text":["It has been nearly 17 years since Brooklyn, New York's Crown Heights neighborhood was engulfed by riots and recriminations. The neighborhood is a mix of Caribbean-Americans, black Americans, born in the States, and orthodox Jews. In August of 1991, a rabbi's motorcade hit a seven-year-old Guyanese boy named Gavin Cato. He later died from his injuries. Some neighbors believe that the Jewish ambulance crew that arrived slightly before the city ambulance should have taken Cato to the hospital. Within hours of the boy's death, a mob of young black men killed Yankel Rosenbaum, a young orthodox Jewish divinity student. Stores were looted or burnt and dozens of people were injured in the subsequent days.","Flash forward to the present. In the last few weeks, a series of new incidents, admittedly much smaller ones, have put Crown Heights on a small boil. Can members of the black and Jewish communities ease the tensions, and are they willing to try?In a few minutes we'll hear from two of those community leaders. But, first, here to help us untangle the latest Crown Heights affair is New York Post editorial writer Robert George. Hi, Robert.","Hi, Farai, how is it going?","Good. And why don't we talk about this in context. You know, you have the 1991 tensions that broke out, now what exactly is going on today?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : dozens of people implies a very large number of people ","questions":"Which incident caused the tensions to break out in 1991?","answer":"Brooklyn"}
{"text":["Yeah. And that took a lot out of my legs. I was pretty fatigued by the end of the game, and I'm feeling it today.","And do - I bet you are a little tired.","But at - towards the end of the game, where you aware of the record?And where you aware you'd broken it?","I wasn't aware, actually. I think I was just so tired and so focused on scoring the basketball. There's a stretch late in the second half where I think I hit seven or eight consecutive threes, and I knew something special was going on after that."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"something special was going on\" - This expression is a colloquialism used to describe an exceptional or noteworthy event. It does not literally mean that something supernatural or magical was happening.","questions":"How would you describe the event that occurred during the stretch late in the second half of the game?","answer":"Exceptional"}
{"text":["Well, number one, we were astounding that something over 2,000 years old decided to put roots on itself and live again. So, after the jubilation - and there was real jubilation at Archangel - we came up with the grand idea of using these trees that were lost to the world and planting them in old growth forest groves. And I'm happy to say that we're well on our way of attaining that goal.","As I understand, old growth forest, it won't look like much of anything for a few hundred years.","Well, that's not true. What most people don't understand about coast redwoods and giant sequoias is that they're probably the second-fastest-growing tree on earth that I know of, only second only to the eucalyptus. And they will grow 10 feet a year, and that is a lot of stored carbon in a very short period of time. Groves of those or forests of those will really make a measurable dent in the CO2 imbalance in our atmosphere.","Why are they planted in Port Orford?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning here is that B thinks that old growth forests take a long time to develop, and won't look impressive for hundreds of years. However, the literal meaning of the statement is simply a statement of understanding about the appearance of old growth forests.","questions":"What was PersonB's understanding of old growth forests?","answer":"Appearance"}
{"text":["The flaws that one makes, that one has, are more apparent. The mistakes one makes are more apparent when you've died. The sweet scent of marjoram sweeps away all the contradictions, but yet Jesse Jackson has been the most extraordinary rhetorical genius to articulate the vision, the virtue, and the value of black life in the American public square.","Al Sharpton has emerged in the last few years. Reverend Al Sharpton himself sees himself as part of the legacy of Martin Luther King Jr. , but at the same time, he worked up north, Dr.  King worked down south. Jessie Jackson, of course, worked in Chicago. And these two gentlemen then challenged some of the prevailing forms of oppression in the midst of a northern culture that had not yet tested its commitment to civil rights.","And Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton forced them to grapple with it. Jackson in Chicago, Sharpton in New York, especially focusing on police brutality and forms of white mob violence directed against vulnerable black people. Barack Obama\u2026","And then - yeah, Barack Obama has a sort of different place in the\u2026"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of this sentence is that Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton forced people to confront an issue. The actual meaning, however, is that these two individuals were vocal and prominent in their advocacy for civil rights and specifically addressing issues of police brutality and violence against black people.","questions":"What did Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton challenge in northern culture?","answer":"Oppression"}
{"text":["Well, what keeps you up at night?What do you worry about?","Well, I'm worried that this process is getting chaotic. Two and a half years ago, Great Britain had a referendum, decided to leave the European Union. But it did not decide what kind of future relationship it wanted with the 27 member states.","And because this was all about free trade, you have to know that half of the trade of Great Britain is with the other 27 EU member states, and the other half is with other countries in the world, foremost among them, the U. S.  and China. We're one year and four months into the negotiation process. And here, finally, is the proposal of Great Britain - what future relations should be. That's a bit late in the process. This particular proposal should have been there on day one.","Now, at the moment, there are 3 million EU citizens living in Great Britain, and about 1. 2 million British live in EU countries. Their rights are undefined, so it's not clear what they can do. And as you get closer to the deadline, these people are really worried. And by the way, there are industries in which there are quite a few foreigners, so if you take them out all at once, you may also have a problem keeping it going.","In the Netherlands, we know we have 30,000 businesses, mostly small and medium enterprises, that export only to EU countries, Great Britain included. That means that they've never seen a Customs and Excise control officer. They will have to get used to go through Customs and Excise."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : EU citizens living in Great Britain and British citizens living in the EU have undefined rights","questions":"What is undefined for EU citizens living in Great Britain and British citizens living in the EU?","answer":"Rights"}
{"text":["Well, the number one thing I see in crime scenes is there are people just trampling all over the place. Everybody is touching something and there's just lots of discussions and stomping around right inside of a crime scene that we would never allow.","Anything else occur to you?","It's surprising to me how many people believe that most suspects will invoke their right and remain silent when in fact they don't.","Gee, what's the psychology behind that, do you think?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of (3) is that many people wrongly assume that suspects will remain silent when questioned, when in fact they rarely do.","questions":"What is the common misconception about suspects' behavior during questioning?","answer":"Suspects"}
{"text":["Right.","Or La Scala in Milan. And now you debuted at the Met this fall. What was that like?","It was pretty awesome. And it all didn't really hit me until the curtain came down after the first performance. Because up until then, I was just, you know, trying to rehearse and trying to work, you know, really hard, and make sure that, you know, I was doing everything I needed to do. And even going out on stage the first time, it really didn't hit me, because I was just trying to stay focused. But once the curtain came down and we were doing the curtain calls, and I could actually see out to the house how many people were out there, and, you know, the whole occasion of it all didn't strike me until then. And boy, it was just - it was amazing, because for any young American singer, that's the place you're shooting for, it's the pinnacle of the opera world. And it was great. Just thinking about it sitting here right now, I was just - yeah, I'm just - I'm really grateful to have had that experience.","Yeah, I can only imagine. Well, let's talk a little bit more about the role that you were playing, General Leslie Groves in the opera \"Doctor Atomic\" by John Adams. And it's a modern opera about the countdown to the first test of the atomic bomb in the New Mexico desert during World War II. Let's start out by listening to you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker feels he has reached the height of his professional career by performing in a certain venue","questions":"What role did the speaker play in the opera \"Doctor Atomic\"?","answer":"General"}
{"text":["Tired (laughter). No, I feel OK. I mean, I feel good. I mean, I thank God that I'm still walking around and drinking a lot of wine.","Well, I ask because you say that this is probably your last cookbook.","Well, yes and no. I mean, the last cookbook like this which takes a long time to do, but I still hope to do some little thing with my daughter, maybe the lesson of a grandfather, you know, showing her how to do simple thing that we've done together. I have a great deal of fun cooking with her so maybe a little book. Certainly, some video will come with that, yes, hopefully.","You've got a section here about you cooking with your granddaughter."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Well, yes and no.I mean, the last cookbook like this which takes a long time to do, but I still hope to do some little thing with my daughter, maybe the lesson of a grandfather, you know, showing her how to do simple thing that we've done together.I have a great deal of fun cooking with her so maybe a little book.Certainly, some video will come with that, yes, hopefully.","questions":"How does \"A\" plan to involve his daughter in his future cooking projects?","answer":"Daughter"}
{"text":["Should the NSA be held responsible for this?I'm just wondering. The fact that this crown jewel, as you put it, was leaked or stolen and became public, is that their fault?","This is a great question. Actually, there's controversy. So initially, losing control of this hacking tool - and really, thousands of others - was clearly the NSA's fault. But at some point, I guess, their responsibility for criminals reusing what has become public is diminishing. But the problem here is that the U. S.  government - first Obama, then the Trump administration, and of course, also Congress - have never addressed the underlying extraordinary leak that took place that is known as Shadow Brokers, which is arguably the worst security breach the NSA has ever suffered - even worse than the Snowden leak.","It just seems remarkable that something that has such significance and such a power to disrupt people's lives hasn't gotten more attention. Does it seem strange to you?","Well, you know, the story is quite complicated. But I think we have to do better and really understand the Shadow Broker's leak, it's reuse. This is ultimately an attack, if we take the whole thing, that has caused tens of billions of damage to the world economy - billions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The government's lack of action on the Shadow Brokers leak suggests negligence and a failure to address a significant security breach.","questions":"How does the lack of action on the Shadow Brokers leak reflect on the government's attitude towards security breaches?","answer":"Negligence"}
{"text":["The program hasn't been very popular with the farmers. They would much prefer to just have more successful markets that they can go to rather than have to kind of accept government handouts.","President Trump tweeted earlier this year that with more than a hundred billion coming into the U. S.  in tariffs, the U. S.  would buy agricultural products from farmers, ship them to poor and starving countries in the form of humanitarian assistance. Has that happened?","No. They looked into a program along those lines but realized it was pretty infeasible. You know, there's problems with kind of dumping large amounts of crops on poor countries because you can ruin their own agriculture sectors. So they decided to just do the more simple program, where you provide the direct payments to farmers. Now, the part that is right there is that the total amount being brought in by these could get to be $100 billion. I mean, at the current pace - it was 6 billion in June. That would work out to about 72 billion a year if it continues. And there's talk of adding even more tariffs on top of that. So you really could get to 100 billion being the number.","But at the end of the day, this has not turned into some kind of windfall for the U. S."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The program of providing direct payments to farmers is more feasible than dumping large amounts of crops on poor countries.","questions":"How did they decide to provide assistance to farmers instead of dumping large amounts of crops on poor countries?","answer":"Direct"}
{"text":["It's very different, obviously, from normal public sculpture. I have to use materials which obviously don't pollute in any way, that are friendly to the marine life. They're also durable. The idea, especially with a lot of the tropical pieces that make artificial reefs, is that they're going to be around for a very long time. Obviously corals, you know, can - hard corals can take ages to really get established.","Do the elements always behave as you would like them to?Is that a real challenge?","It works in both ways. I mean, obviously they're all designed to change and evolve in the ecosystem where they're placed. And sometimes that provides spectacular results. You know, we get sort of pink and purple corals and sponges and all these amazing things growing on them and morphing them. And that only adds to them. They really sort of then become alive. But also you're in this really kind of difficult environment. You're in the sea. So in tropical areas, you get big hurricanes, you get the surges of waves. And so with that in mind, you know, I really have to sort of program them then so they're fixed. And that can be a challenge.","I wonder, is part of the appeal you want to make to people with these installations, you have to work a little to see them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that part of the appeal of the installations is that people have to work to see them, rather than them being immediately visible.","questions":"How is the appeal of the installations described in turn 3?","answer":"Work"}
{"text":["Well, it is. It starts off in Pumalin Park, which is temperate rain forest - so think of the coast of British Columbia - all the way down into the grassland\/steppe areas toward the tip of the country. It really encompasses almost every ecotone that one would find in the south of the country.","We should note this is now the largest private donation of land to a government ever. You and your husband ran this place as a park for a long time. I've been there. And it is indeed just one of the most beautiful places I've ever been. Why hand it over to the government of Chile?","Well, you know, we grew up within the national parks here in the United States. And there is a sense of, I would even say, ownership by every American who goes through the front gates of Yellowstone or Yosemite, that those are public parks. They belong to everybody. And Chile is no different. We hope that somehow between the creation of national parks, the development of what we call economic development as a consequence of conservation that precious masterpieces of the country will be preserved forever.","Have you gotten guarantees, though, that the government of Chile will run it in a way that's sustainable?There have been concerns about the capacity of the government of Chile to really run these parks in the same way that you've run them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This turn does not literally mean that the speaker is asking for an explanation of why the land is being handed over to the government of Chile, but rather implies a more rhetorical question that suggests that the land is so beautiful and valuable that it might seem strange to give it away. The speaker is actually acknowledging the value of the land and asking the interviewee to explain the rationale behind the decision to donate it to the government.","questions":"How does PersonB respond to the idea of handing over the land to the government of Chile?","answer":"Acknowledges"}
{"text":[". . . Skeptical that the style of these debates does much. It does kind of feed the reality TV-ification (ph) of our politics in the sense that it's more about entertainment. One thing I do think we're all watching for, though, is to see where - what the Democratic Party ultimately is going to stand for in the 2020 election.","You still have this immense sort of intellectual debate going on in the party of whether it's going to move more to the left and be a more progressive party or hold on and try to reclaim or be the party of the center. And we simply don't know the answer to that question yet. And whether the nominee is someone like a Joe Biden or someone like a Bernie Sanders or an Elizabeth Warren is going to be two dramatically different Democratic parties and two dramatically different general elections.","So I think the big topics that we've been hearing a lot in these debates is health care. One thing I think we're going to hear a lot more about in this debate is immigration just because that is an issue that has increasingly been captivating the public because of what's been happening at the U. S. -Mexico border and because of President Trump's immigration policies.","And just briefly, what do you make of the fear that some Democrats have expressed that much of what's being talked about at these debates are sort of the pet causes of the left, which are just not relevant to the general electorate?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Feeding reality tv means that it makes politics seem more like a reality tv show by doing the debates.","questions":"Which show is politics being compared to in turn 0?","answer":"Reality"}
{"text":["Well, I think it's been a historical thing. It's not a new thing. Mental illness has always been a mystery. And in ancient times, it was considered to be some kind of supernatural phenomenon, demon possession. In the modern era, meaning the beginning of the 19th century, there was an effort to consider mental disorders as illnesses. But then when researchers attempted to see what the pathology of the illness was in individuals who, when they were living, were ill - when it came to mental illnesses, they couldn't find anything. And I think then what happened is that in the desperation of psychiatrists who, by and large, were the custodians of asylums - as an alternative, people sought treatments, but the treatments turned out to be in retrospect pretty barbaric. And it's only really been in the last 50 years that psychiatry has established a scientific foundation for itself and developed treatments that truly work beyond a shadow of a doubt and are safe. But the lulled attitudes still persists.","Yeah. No name is bigger still, in a way, than Sigmund Freud. What did he get right, and what do we now know was not as helpful?","Well, Freud is undisputedly a towering figure and the most famous person in the history of psychiatry. And in the absence of any scientific theory of mental illness, he introduced concepts that were completely novel to civilization and endure today as valid and have really been given new life in the context of cognitive neuroscience.","What did he get wrong?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"No name is bigger still, in a way\" - This phrase is not meant to be taken literally. It means that Sigmund Freud's influence is still significant and widely recognized in the field of psychiatry.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of \"No name is bigger still, in a way\"?","answer":"Significance"}
{"text":["Well, assess how they're looking at the move by the Treasury department, the moves really, of last week and of over the weekend, and of today. What is the world thinking?","The world has its fingers crossed. I mean, I don't know how else to put it. The world is basically saying this has to work. I mean, that's why you saw last week for instance, not just the Fed put up a whole bunch of capital, inject liquidity into the system. You saw all the other European and many of the Asian central banks do likewise. The world is terrified. They need this to work.","Well, what about the Democrats who are saying look, hold on, we need to do this right and not rush into it. Is that?","Well, first of all they are going to rush into it, one way or the other. And so what the Democrats have done - have said, look you have your pet things that you care about, here are our pet things that we care about. We're not going to let you do this without, you know, helping home owners more than you have, without doing something about renting an executive pay for all these executives who were involved in this mess. You know, that's a legitimate thing for them to say. It's still going to get rushed into, because this things going to be passed by the end of the week, is my guess because everybody wants to go home and run for re-election and also because the country really needs it to pass."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The world is desperate for the Treasury Department's moves to succeed in stabilizing the economy.","questions":"How is the world feeling about the Treasury Department's moves?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["We don't presume when we cover the news. But we see estimates. For instance, FiveThirtyEight has her close to a 90-percent favorite in terms of their poll aggregation. If we're just projecting forward - and again, we don't know - this could be a very bitter aftermath.","Forget about honeymoons. You know, I was talking - I convened a roundtable of former campaign chiefs of staff yesterday - Republicans.","And two of them mentioned to me that they thought within the first year of her being in office, Paul Ryan, the speaker of the House, would be under great pressure to bring articles of impeachment.","During that debate, Hillary Clinton kind of deftly avoided any real response on the Goldman Sachs speeches, on her husband's transgressions, if I might put it delicately, and accusations of pay-to-play relationship between the Clinton Foundation and the State Department. Do you think these are the kind of issues that might persist after November 8, whatever the result?","Absolutely. And, of course, the email issues, as well - we saw this report come out last week of a, quote, unquote, \"potential quid pro quo\" between the FBI and State Department investigators. This is something that I think Republicans are going to use to unite themselves."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) \"Delicately\" - This word implies that the speaker is referring to a sensitive and delicate issue.","questions":"How did PersonB refer to the issue of Goldman Sachs speeches and the Clinton Foundation?","answer":"Delicately"}
{"text":["Some of them do. But, more than that, what I'm hearing are the amount of people who are so disturbed because everything that Toby says about Rachel is something that they could be accused of. I always think of that, that the - sometimes, my behavior is forgivable in my marriage. And God forbid I should ever get a divorce. But if I did, that very same behavior would be looked at as completely reprehensible. And I think the amount of people who are struggling to find their footing in this new world - where we are supposed to have these equitable marriages and that women are supposed to be as successful as they want to be and that perhaps nobody told the men that we were given permission for that - I think, more and more, you're going to be hearing people who say, oh, my God, the things that Rachel says are things that I've said. It sounds like a miserable book. But I do want to say that. . .","No, it's not.",". . . I think that there is - (laughter). . .","It made me laugh a lot. It bubbles with the insights and funny situations."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Bubbles implies that there were many of insights and funny situations included.","questions":"Which word describes the book as having many funny situations?","answer":"Bubbles"}
{"text":["That's correct.",". . . Epstein's lawyers. OK, because I was asking about Epstein's lawyers.","Oh. Well, he - they aren't saying anything right now. They haven't seen the charges. So until they see the charges, I don't know how much they really want to say. They want to understand what they're up against to start with.","And so what are the lawyers for the victims saying?","Well, like I said, they were shocked, stunned. I don't think - I think that they suspected that something was happening with the Southern District of New York, which was investigating this and brought the charges. But I don't think they thought that it would happen this fast. I thought they thought it would be a very long process to try to get him. That's what makes me suspect that maybe they have a very good witness on their side."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"understand what they're up against\" implies understand what they're confronted with.","questions":"Which verb describes what the lawyers need to do before saying anything?","answer":"Understand"}
{"text":["Well, it's a heck of a lot more. So the total incentive package, when you include some training grants and other things like that, is $7 million over 10 years that they're being offered now. What critics are complaining about is that it appears from a certain perspective that the state is essentially rewarding Carrier, even as it ships some of the jobs to Mexico anyway. From another perspective, they're retaining, you know, a thousand jobs at least. And those jobs do produce revenue for the state through state income taxes and sales tax, and the state would argue that it - and Mike Pence would argue - that they come out ahead still on that.","I'm wondering if that doesn't make sense to you, given the fact that if those employers just left the state, there'd be no tax revenue for the state of Indiana to tap, and even more people losing jobs.","This is the gray area of economic development. You know, how many of these workers would find other jobs in this state?And in terms of these incentives, you know, these don't even appear to be the primary factor in Carrier's decision to keep these jobs here.","Is it felt that the most persuasive argument was the fact that United Technologies, which is the parent company of Carrier is a federal contractor and needs to have good relations with the federal government, which Mr.  Trump's about to head?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The state is trying to make the best out of a bad situation by providing incentives to Carrier, even though it will still be shipping jobs to Mexico.","questions":"How is the state responding to Carrier's decision to relocate jobs to Mexico?","answer":"Incentives"}
{"text":["Well, I think one of my roles - at least the way I pretty much defined my life and work for 35 years in the academy and was quite lucky in serendipitous ways began teaching at Yale at the time of the moment that's now considered, I guess, the revolutionary moment at Yale with the Black Panthers and Bobby Seale and Erica Huggins and others.","So, I always saw a kind of resistive undercurrent in the university even at its Ivy League level. And I've tried to identify myself in the academy with that resistive undercurrent. And I've tried to maintain an integrity of my public appearances and what I write that never refuses to look at the fact that racism, in my estimation, is more rampant in the United States and globally than ever before.","One can say is the glass half-full or half-empty. I think that's mere casuistry. It seems to me that the glass is empty for the majority of Americans now, not just black Americans, and it's not near any liquid refreshments source that I know of, the foreclosures, the economics of the present time, the war.","It seems to me that Henry Louis Gates Jr.  and Cornel West made a deliberate turn at a certain point in their career and decided, in the case of Mr.  Gates for example, that he was not going to do another profoundly brilliant book in his\u2026","Well, professor, I'm sorry, we have to wrap this up. There's a lot there, but thank you so much, Professor Baker."],"speaker":["A","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : And I've tried to identify myself in the academy with that resistive undercurrent.\" Implicated meaning: The speaker aligns themselves with the idea of resisting systems of oppression and inequality within the academic world.","questions":"How does the speaker define their role in the academy?","answer":"Resistive"}
{"text":["You have an exchange in this book that you quote with Ed Crane, who's head of the Cato Institute. And I want you to get to talk about the substance of that, but I also - I have to begin by saying there's a part of me that's thinking, I wouldn't imagine two people less likely to be in friendly communication than Ralph Nader and Ed Crane.","Well.","But I'd be wrong.","Look what he told me. He said, Ralph, I'm against all corporate subsidies. I'm against unconstitutional wars. I oppose the Patriot Act. And I think the Federal Reserve is running amok. I said, Ed, that's a pretty good start."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of turn (3) is different from its literal meaning. The speaker, B, is expressing surprise at the idea of Ralph Nader and Ed Crane being in friendly communication, despite their ideological differences. ","questions":"How is PersonB feeling about the relationship between Ralph Nader and Ed Crane?","answer":"Surprise"}
{"text":["Well, the committee report - it's not unexpected - but the draft reports thus far says that the impeachment committee believes Democratic Governor Rod Blagojevich has abused his power. Quoting from the report, \"The citizens of this state must have confidence that the governor will faithfully serve the people and put their interests before his own. It is with profound regret that the committee finds that our current governor has not done so. \"","It's quite voluminous. It's 60 pages or so of documentation of things beyond just what the federal prosecutor in Chicago has alleged that the governor has done, many reasons to impeach him beyond just the alleged criminal activity that he has been arrested and charged with.","Now, is there a rush to do this before - to possibly impeach the governor before Mr.  Burris would be seated as the junior senator from Illinois?","The report is drafted without Burris' testimony. To consider, they would add it to it, I suppose, if he says something remarkable this afternoon. But they seemed to feel that they have enough evidence to move forward with the impeachment. The rush is really to just get him out of office before they have to grapple with a huge budget deficit here in the state of Illinois. The relationship between the Legislature and the governor has been dysfunctional for quite some time, and it's only gotten worse since his arrest last month."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The governor has abused his power according to the impeachment committee, which is not surprising given the current situation.","questions":"What did the impeachment committee find regarding the governor?","answer":"Abuse"}
{"text":["It's the most remarkable story of evil coming out of Russia that I've seen in a long time. And what it shows is that they're not just messing with the election in the United States or doping in the Olympics. But they've got their tentacles into just about everything everywhere. This is one story that shows that.","I have to ask you, Mr.  Browder, there are plenty of people - and we hear from them - who are skeptical about Russia being seen at the center of so many allegations. And they say the U. S.  and the West are just crawling back into a destructive Cold War mentality. How do you answer that?","Well, I mean, Russia was responsible for shooting down MH17. Russia was responsible for invading Ukraine. Russia is responsible for taking away the chemical weapons in Syria that they didn't take away. Russia was responsible for having honest athletes in the Olympics when they did the whole doping program. I mean, Russia is the one who is making the trouble. Russia is really a sort of a nonentity when it comes to - the economy is the size of the state of New York. Their military budget is 5 percent of the U. S.  military budget. We shouldn't even be thinking about Russia other than the fact that they're sort of putting their nose into every bit of terrible activity all over the world.","Quick question - but it's important to get along, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : got their tentacles implies that Russia is involved and manipulative in many different aspects of foreign affairs","questions":"Which country is implied to be involved and manipulative in many different aspects of foreign affairs?","answer":"Russia"}
{"text":["Scott, there's an outside chance, but it's unlikely. And it's definitely not going to happen before the presidential election takes place. It's going to take a long time for the FBI to go through all these messages, get through all the red tape with intelligence agencies to decide what may be classified or not.","And the FBI director, James Comey, has already told Congress Hillary Clinton didn't lie to agents when she was interviewed - same for her aides. He found no efforts to obstruct justice, no desire to betray the country here. So unless something really huge emerges, it's hard to see the legal analysis changing or any criminal prosecution at all.","And Hillary Clinton had a swift response, didn't she?","Yeah, she came out in Iowa, did an impromptu news conference. She said she didn't know anything about this. She found out through media reports. She's demanding the FBI director release a lot more information and explain the facts here. Some of Clinton's close allies, including California Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein, went even stronger. She said the FBI move was appalling and that the bureau was playing into the campaign slogans of Donald Trump."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 4) is that Hillary Clinton gave an impromptu news conference in Iowa, denying knowledge of the issue and demanding the FBI director release more information. Her allies also criticized the FBI's actions.  The implied meaning, however, is that Clinton and her allies are reacting to negative news about her campaign and attempting to deflect attention away from it. The language used suggests a degree of defensiveness and desperation, as they try to shift blame onto the FBI and portray the issue as a partisan attack by Donald Trump.","questions":"What did Clinton's allies, including Senator Dianne Feinstein, call the FBI's move?","answer":"Appalling"}
{"text":["But I'm sure that there's something else that you want to share with us. You have your poems about California, poems about the blues.","I've got one. The once called \"Who I Am in Twilight. \"And it's a poem that is actually emblazoned on the sidewalk. And it's set in stone, as it were, on something called \"Poetry Walk\" in Berkeley, California. They put down on sidewalk, Addison Street, about a hundred poets', I think, work. So it's fun to go over there and see how posterity works, because always somebody has dropped some pizza on it, mashed out a cigarette on it, or something like that.","So don't live for posterity, live for now. But here it is. \"Who I am in Twilight. \"","Like John Lee Hooker, like Lightnin' Hopkins, like the blues himself. The Trickster Sonnet, hoedown, the tango, the cante jondo. Like blessed spirituals and ragas, custom-made. Like sagas. Like stories. Like slick, slow, sly, soliloquies sliding into dramas. Like crime and punishment. Like death and birth. Canal Street, New Orleans. Like the easy, erasable, troubled voices a whirling ceiling fan makes in deep summer nights in hot, un-heavenly hotels. Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee. Like the Mississippi River so deep and wide, you couldn't get a letter to the other side. Like Grand Canyon. Like Yosemite National Park. Like beans and cornbread. Like rest and recreation. Like love and like. I know we last. I know our bleeding stops."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker identifies with various forms of art and culture, and has a deep appreciation for life and love.","questions":"Which forms of art and culture does the speaker identify with?","answer":"California"}
{"text":["One person called them old guard reactionaries who are grabbling for crumbs from the table. Another called them seat warmer saying they have nothing new to offer. And that led to a larger conversation about Obama's support among blacks where black folks stand on the Democratic Party.","And we are in good old Black History Month now. Of course, we are black 365 days a year.","That's right.","But from what I've read on our blog, not everybody thinks the black history month is a good idea."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : One person called them old guard reactionaries who are grabbing for crumbs from the table. Another called them seat warmers saying they have nothing new to offer. (The literal meanings of these phrases would be people who are physically grabbing crumbs or occupying seats to keep them warm. The actual meanings refer to political figures who are criticized for being outdated or unoriginal.)","questions":"What was the criticism leveled against the political figures mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Outdated"}
{"text":["What in this agreement makes it better in your perspective?Because you did say that there was something in it that was, so tell me one thing.","There are. The labor chapter itself is better. However, if you can't enforce the labor chapter, it is meaningless. And so we're trying to get the enforcement on three different levels that I outlined earlier.","So what's your message to Democrats here?I mean, the issue is, so far, the administration has been trying to work with the Democrats. I mean, the trade chief, for example, the U. S.  trade representative, Robert Lighthizer, has been working with Democrats to hear their concerns about it. I mean, and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has appointed nine House Democrats to committees to negotiate these sort of - these changes.","But there is this some sense that, you know, the administration - others in the administration would like to fast-track it. There is a mechanism for doing that. I mean, do you have a specific message to Democrats?Because, as you know, with such a large - particularly with such a large presidential field, you've got all kinds of different opinions about international trade in that group. Do you know what I mean?So do you have a specific message to them about how to - you would like to see them proceed?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A believes that without enforcement, the labor chapter is meaningless","questions":"How does PersonA view the labor chapter without enforcement?","answer":"Meaningless"}
{"text":["I was so exhausted. And all of sudden, we just had this baby. The nurse was handing me this baby, and she's poopy. And it just was so messy. And it just - both of us immediately just started crying. It just was so joyful. It just felt perfect.","Before Hazel was born, though, Lindsey had a lot to worry about.","When she was 20 weeks old - the 20-week ultrasound, she was diagnosed with a fetal heart condition. So we weren't sure what condition she's going to be in when she came out. And she just let out this big scream and just kicking. It was just like she burst into the world. And, you know, just immediately we kind of knew this is a healthy baby. She is alive and. . .","She let you know."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : burst into the world implies that the baby affected a lot of things quickly when it was born ","questions":"Which word describes how the baby was born?","answer":"Quickly"}
{"text":["So the sport itself has given me countless opportunities. And for me, the reason why I'm so interested in doing this, it's sort of like my way of giving back, in a sense. You know, I'm going places with the javelin and it's helping me out and probably going to get me into a nice school. So why not give back?And I feel like if I have to do this research project at my school, why not do it on something that I like?","Yeah. I'm just going to guess you've heard from some people that know somebody who was injured by a javelin who've said there's no need for this sport?","Honestly, I haven't. I mean, I know there are some people that have gotten injured and there are people that are against the implementation of the event. But personally, I do not know anybody that has been injured.","You know, Mr.  Christensen, there are people listening around the country I'm sure might point out that it seems easier to buy a gun in South Carolina than to throw a javelin in high school."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"it seems easier to buy a gun in South Carolina than to throw a javelin in high school\" - The literal meaning is that it is easier to purchase a gun than to participate in a high school javelin competition in South Carolina. The actual meaning is that the regulations and restrictions for sports activities in high schools are more rigorous than those for purchasing firearms in the state.","questions":"Which activity is easier to participate in, throwing a javelin or buying a gun in South Carolina?","answer":"Javelin"}
{"text":["Without warning, I sat down to my meal. The pot pie looked like something Martha Stewart whipped up. And served in her mother's best china, Christiane's potatoes au gratin with green chilies could've been an expensive appetizer at a fine restaurant.","Mm, mm. Oh my gosh. It's really good. It's kind of got like that Tex-Mex flavor to it, like jalapenos. . .","I think if you don't add the chilis. . .","Mm."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The pot pie looked like it had been professionally made and then served in an expensive manner.","questions":"What did Christiane add to her potatoes au gratin?","answer":"green"}
{"text":["One last question, and I'll let you go. You know, this being sequestration day, are you concerned about budgets that you control in your committee, science budgets, that they might be slashed?","Of course - well, let's put this in perspective. We're talking about across-the-board cuts of about 2. 3 percent, and while it may mean more in certain areas, nevertheless, you know, it's regrettable, I wish we weren't having these kinds of cuts, they could have been avoided. I still think we need to cut spending, but we need to do in a smart way, not across-the-board way. And we could have set our priorities up if there had been a little bit more cooperation from the White House and from the Senate.","The House of Representatives has actually twice passed offsets to the sequestration. The Senate has not passed anything. And the administration hasn't come up with any specific alternatives to the sequestration; only the House has. So if they can't come up with a better idea, let's go with the House idea, and we could have avoided it.","All right, well, I'm certainly not one to debate the politics of this with you because as you know we'll get nowhere. But I want to thank you for taking time to be with us today and wish you good luck in deciding - because I think, you know, maybe the public really does believe this is a national priority about finding that asteroid with our name on it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker thinks that the across-the-board cuts are regrettable, but they could have been avoided if there had been more cooperation from the White House and the Senate.","questions":"Which cuts does the speaker consider to be regrettable?","answer":"acrosstheboard"}
{"text":[". . . Does her story intersect with KBR Halliburton's?","I mean, you know, there was a group of human rights lawyers here in the United States who heard about this case, who read my work more than a decade ago. And three very idealistic young human rights lawyers, one of them had been a Peace Corps volunteer in Nepal. And, you know, they took up this case. This was really the dawn of the era of modern-day slavery and international human trafficking. And the U. S.  government had fueled it with our own tax dollars.","What were these human rights lawyers trying to prove against KBR?","Well, they were trying to prove their culpability. First, they just needed to prove that these men were in KBR supply chain in order to get U. S.  government compensation for them, which took two years. And the key witness, you know, they needed the families. They represented the families, then, in a human trafficking civil action that they brought, hoping to end this practice in the U. S.  military and also hoping to get some justice for the - for Kamala and the other victims."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The human rights lawyers took up the case to end human trafficking and modern-day slavery.","questions":"How did the human rights lawyers hope to create change?","answer":"a"}
{"text":["Let me switch subjects. We are walking on the way to the studio here this morning and two big tour buses came down the street. You're - one of the reason this all worked is you're performing right next door.","Right across the parking lot.","And I wonder, I was talking to Priska Neely, our producer, and said, I wonder if that's Mary Chapin Carpenter. Two big buses touring, pulling equipment trailers behind. Where were you coming in from at 8 o'clock in the morning?","We spent the last two days driving from Arizona."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is acknowledging B's contribution to the success of their plan.","questions":"Which subject did PersonA switch to?","answer":"Studio."}
{"text":["Tell me a little bit about the violence. What happened?","The biggest single attack was a suicide bomber here in Kabul. The suicide bomber, trying to get into a polling station, was stopped by a policeman. He detonated his explosive vest outside. In the north, there was shelling in Kunduz. We know that they burned down one polling center outside of Kunduz city. And there's been some irregularities, as well. One local strongman on the outskirts of Kabul brought his armed men in. He's a candidate, and he tried to prevent other people from getting to the polling station. So not by far the cleanest elections. The Afghan government has announced it's arrested a few dozen people for fraud and intimidation. They're trying to make sure that Afghans will have faith in this election.","One of the more hopeful signs, though, this time around is the number of women running, right?Over 400. What will this mean?","They are guaranteed 68 seats in the parliament for each province, but I think the real key has been the number of young people running. As you said, Lulu, there hasn't been parliamentary elections in eight years. The current parliament has been a frustration to many, almost a symbol of the corruption and patronage that has held Afghanistan back. And it was really interesting to see election observers at the polls. There were 400,000 of them - many of them there to support their own candidates to make sure that their candidates got a fair shake in these elections. The fact that so many young people and nonpoliticians were willing to put themselves out there, I think, shows that there's a new generation of Afghans trying to change things."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The women are not running but they are trying to get elected.","questions":"Which group is trying to get elected besides women in the election?","answer":"Young"}
{"text":["Well, certainly in some cases in expensive cities still need some help but much less help. On a minimum wage of $12 an hour, a couple - two full-time minimum wage workers - would earn $50,000 a year. That certainly doesn't make you affluent, it doesn't make you rich, but you can get by reasonably well on $50,000 a year.","And you don't think jobs will leave the state?","Some jobs, but probably a lot fewer than most people think. There have actually been a lot of recent studies in the last five or 10 years that have turned around the economic sentiment on this issue. In most cases, in nearly all cases, the jobs we're talking about for these workers are in the low-wage service sector. They're non-tradable. They're not subject to foreign competition. They can't be outsourced. Those jobs are exactly the sort of jobs where the employers would simply pass along the extra costs to the consumer. They'd raise prices and keep their workers at a much higher paycheck. Furthermore, the price rises we're talking about are very much smaller than most people would realize. Wal-Mart is America's largest low-wage employer. Three hundred thousand Wal-Mart workers average about $9 an hour. All Wal-Mart would have to do to cover a $12 minimum wage is raise their prices by 1. 1 percent one time. The average Wal-Mart shopper would pay only an extra $12. 50 per year. People wouldn't even notice the price hike.","Well, if the goal is to lift low-wage workers above the poverty level, is $12 an hour really enough?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Is a minimum wage of $12 an hour sufficient to raise low-wage earners out of poverty?","questions":"Which turn implies that the speaker is discussing the possibility of raising prices at Wal-Mart to cover the cost of a minimum wage increase?","answer":"Two"}
{"text":["And there is a desperate need both for international humanitarian law to be observed in the conduct of the war to protect civilians but also for a move towards political negotiations and a political settlement, because it is now nearly two years since I sat at the United Nations with foreign ministers from the Gulf States who said they wanted a political settlement then. But it is no closer, and the bombing has undoubtedly deepened the divide inside Yemen and made it far harder to bring peace.","And this is the conduct of the war by Saudi Arabia?","The Saudi-led coalition has air power. The Houthis, who are an Iranian-backed rebel group, are on the ground. It's not the job of these humanitarians to take sides in the conflict. We don't take sides in the conflict. What we do is call out the abuse of international humanitarian law on all sides. And the striking thing about the Yemen conflict and the three other countries that are in danger of famine in Africa - in Somalia, in South Sudan that we've talked about, north and northeast Nigeria - these are man-made famine.","Mr.  Miliband, you've been a politician. How do you sustain interest in problems that are very remote from the lives of everyday Americans?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A: \"What we do is call out the abuse of international humanitarian law on all sides\" - This implies that all parties involved in the conflict are violating international humanitarian law, rather than only one specific party.","questions":"How does PersonA describe their role in the conflict?","answer":"Neutral"}
{"text":["Yes.",". . . Following the election in 2000, when - and I'm sure the news industry was part of it.","(Laughter).","A lot of people said, how can the greatest country in the - you know, you can go to an ATM and get $200. Why can't we have a sleek, electronic voting system in this country?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The United States should be able to implement a modern, reliable, and efficient electronic voting system given its technological and economic advantages.","questions":"What should the United States be able to implement given its technological and economic advantages?","answer":"Voting"}
{"text":["Yeah, kicking out all the intelligence officers, which we believe. . .",". . . And shutting their consulates.","(Unintelligible) their consulates, and we got rid of most of them. And we've seen a significant reduction in their intelligence collection here in the U. S. So the consulates were home base for that, and I think for the first time. . .","Not to get hung up on the numbers, but. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The officers were fired from their jobs abruptly and not allowed to fraternize with the people that stayed.","questions":"What was the reason for kicking out the intelligence officers?","answer":"Reduction"}
{"text":["However.","Well, you know, it is a good analogy. It's like, you know, you keep the umbrella around. Once it stops raining, you don't get rid of the umbrella, you keep it in the closet. It's the same with your savings. Even when you're doing well, you still have to put something away for the time that it rains, because guess what, it's always going to rain.","So, what are you going to miss most, do you think, about being on the show and giving advice to the radio audience?","Well, obviously the staff, you know - and you know, I don't want to get so melancholy but I have to tell folks that I have never enjoyed working with a group of people more than I have here at NPR. Really smart, caring people who wanted to produce a segment like this to - you see, I'm getting ready to cry - to really help people. This is the one job, and I've got like 10, that I love getting up to go to. And I'm going to miss the listeners. NPR listeners are the most thoughtful, and I get a ton of email - even from those who disagree with me, it was always in a way that was very respectful. And that says a lot about the people who listen to this program."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : You put money in the savings in case you have a problem and need it","questions":"Which item does PersonA compare to savings in their analogy?","answer":"Umbrella"}
{"text":["Thank you.","I want to reiterate what Tovia just said and be absolutely clear that as far as NPR News is concerned, we have confirmed only what you just heard that Tovia say - in that there were two explosions along the route of the Boston Marathon quite close to the finish line. The explosions occurred not on the route itself but in the area where there were thousands of spectators watching. We do know that there were injuries. We cannot confirm how many people have been injured or how severe those injuries are. We will, of course, continue to get details on that.","And as you heard Tovia say, there will be a briefing soon from the Boston Police Department and perhaps some other agencies in Boston. We will bring you details as we know them. Certainly if you are looking at any of these images, a warning to you, they are quite graphic, very upsetting and some violent, violent images coming from the route of the Boston Marathon. Our hearts and prayers are with the people who have been affected by the explosions there. Two explosions on the route of the Boston Marathon near to the finish line.","This is TALK OF THE NATION. Thanks so much for joining us. I'm Celeste Headlee."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The images being shown are very graphic and violent, and our thoughts are with those affected by the explosions","questions":"What is the tone of the statement made by PersonB in turn 2?","answer":"upsetting"}
{"text":["The regulations and the oversight that was put in place was relatively minimal because this was going to be such a small endeavor. It was going to be a small-scale experiment for 100 schools. Well, guess what?We have 1,300 charter schools today. And we have a law that doesn't actually account for the scale of that.","That's LA Times reporter Anna Phillips. She's been investigating loopholes in California's charter school system. What she discovered is a fragmented and decentralized regulating system. In Los Angeles, Phillips encountered a case in which a wealthy Beverly Hills couple made millions of dollars by simply turning to a different school district whenever their charter schools came under scrutiny.","These charter schools had been set up as nonprofits that were publicly funded. But if you looked right kind of on the outskirts of them, the couple that had started them had essentially created a series of businesses or nonprofits that were doing business with their own schools. So for instance, this couple rented a lot of their own properties they owned. They were their own landlords.","They owned buildings that then they rented to the schools, so they were getting that income.","Exactly. And there were other ways they were getting income. The woman who ran these schools, her husband was hired on as a project manager for about $500,000 to oversee the construction of a new campus. When they wanted to bring in cafeteria meals for their students, they hired one of their own organizations. So this was public money that was coming into these schools, but the couple that ran them was financially benefiting from it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"essentially created a series of businesses or nonprofits that were doing business with their own schools\" - The literal meaning of this sentence is that the couple established other organizations that had financial ties to their charter schools. However, the implied meaning is that they may have been using these organizations to divert public funds into their own pockets.","questions":"Which phrase describes the financial relationship between the couple's organizations and their charter schools?","answer":"financial"}
{"text":["Lastly, Mara, I have to ask you because it just seems that, week after week, tensions between this administration and the press grows more hostile. You're in that White House briefing room day in and day out. How would you describe the atmosphere?","The atmosphere is tense and contentious, but it always has been between the White House press corps and the press secretary. I think that the Trump administration has taken this to a new level. You have a president who considers the media a foil, calls the mainstream press the enemy of the people, fake news, dishonest, disgusting, horrible people. So part of his political strategy is to demonize reporters and the media. So, of course, that's going to show up in the briefing room.","That's NPR's national political correspondent, Mara Liasson. Thank you, as always.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The atmosphere is how people are feeling toward one another and treating one another.","questions":"Which room does Mara Liasson spend most of her time in?","answer":"Briefing"}
{"text":["Hello.","Hello.","Now, the New York Times report that described your resignation in 1995 said that sources at the time said you had aroused opposition with your, quote, \"emphasis on reshaping Planned Parenthood into a broad health organization that could compete in the era of managed care\" - a focus that some of the group's affiliates felt would inevitably diminish their role as advocates for abortion rights and low-income women's access to health care.","Now, this week, in a letter explaining her ouster from Planned Parenthood, Dr.  Leana Wen said she had come to the organization to work on a broad range of health care issues but that, quote, \"the new board leadership has determined that the priority of Planned Parenthood moving forward is to double down on abortion rights advocacy. \"She's also said in an op-ed for The New York Times that she wanted to depoliticize abortion but that her approach seemed at odds with the direction the board wanted to go. What does this say about the trajectory of not just Planned Parenthood but also the abortion rights movement?","Certainly everybody would agree that reproductive rights are hanging the balance right now. It's a tough time, and there are two schools of thought. I think that the leadership at Planned Parenthood has to do what it thinks is right. I don't think there's a right or wrong. For my part, I would do what I did, you know, last time around."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Two \"schools' are not literal schools. The implication is there are two differing beliefs about how the organization should operate.","questions":"What is the implication of the phrase \"two schools of thought\" in the dialogue?","answer":"Beliefs"}
{"text":["Yeah, I know. It's - I actually am going to quote UC Hastings law professor, Ahmed Ghappour, who said the reason the government did this is pure PR. There actually isn't a legal reason that the government needed to file this motion. It laid out everything that's already been said in the motion. But Apple got a lot of attention when Tim Cook publicly posted his reasons for not complying with the government's order on its website. And Ghappour thinks the government filed this on Friday because it didn't want Apple to have the last word this week. And in many ways, this particular situation is a PR war. The public opinion is going to matter. How do we feel about the government being able to compel a company to write code to help it out?Is there enough to be gotten from this phone that we're willing to jeopardize our privacy in the long run?In the past, when most things were in the physical world, if you created a key for one door, chances are it wouldn't affect all the other doors. But in the digital age, things are different. And it looks like, in this case, Tim Cook is saying, we need spaces where no one, not the government, not a hacker or even a private company, that makes the device can get in.","So what's next?","Appeals, appeals unless Congress, in its wisdom, decides to do something. But Congress hasn't been doing a lot lately, so I don't know.","That's NPR's Laura Sydell. Laura, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This turn does not have an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. It is a straightforward expression of gratitude towards Laura Sydell, the NPR correspondent.","questions":"What is the name of the NPR correspondent mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Laura"}
{"text":["Well, it definitely leaves him - I'd say in the immediate sense, it leaves him with a very tarnished reputation. I mean, this is somebody who appeared on the scene in 2015, taking up one file after another, everything from military to economy to oil policy. I mean, he's really collected everything.","He had charmed a lot of people in the United States as somebody who was finally going to change this kingdom from its strict Islamic way of doing things. And this has really taken a lot of the shine off. I think a lot of people have really sort of wondered, you know, is this somebody who's actually - has good enough judgment to wield the kind of power that he's wielding inside this incredibly important country in the Middle East?","Yeah. Well, looking at that, I mean, we are seeing increasingly strident rhetoric coming from Washington on the war in Yemen. The crown prince is very, very involved in that war. What's going on?","When his father became king in 2015, he was soon named defense minister, and the war started right after that. So this has been his war from the beginning. And it's really just been a disaster throughout. I mean, at the beginning, he and other Saudi officials were telling their American counterparts this was only going to last a few weeks."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : What people think of him has lessened due to the situation.","questions":"Which situation?","answer":"Situation"}
{"text":["Harper Lee's longtime friend Wayne Flynt will be delivering the eulogy at her funeral. He joins us on the line from Monroeville. Welcome, Mr.  Flynt, and I'm so sorry for your and I guess all of our loss.","Yeah, I think it's a sort of global loss, given the popularity of the novel across the world.","Can you give us a sense about your friendship with Harper Lee?You have been in very close contact with her in the last years of her life.","That's correct. On average, once a month for the last 10 years since her stroke, we have sat and talked and told stories and exchanged insults. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : : The literal meaning of (4) is that Harper Lee and Mr. Flynt exchanged insults while they talked, however, the implied meaning is that they had a close, friendly relationship, as exchanging insults is often seen as a sign of endearment.","questions":"Which sign of endearment was present in the relationship between Harper Lee and Mr. Flynt?","answer":"Friendly"}
{"text":["Well, you know, this is having a lot of different effects. So you know, some of the students have been expelled. Their admissions have been revoked. Some of the coaches have been fired. They face charges - athletic coaches who were involved in misrepresenting people as being recruits. And of course the legal cases are going to continue to unfold.","But I'm also interested in how it's unfolding in the broader culture at large. You know, whether you look at things like - we had a big debate last year about Harvard and affirmative action. And these conversations about things like legacy admissions are really bringing us to a broader conversation about, what do these elite colleges really offer?You know, the fact that they have nonprofit status - are they really serving the public, or are they just acting in a way that's really inflating their own bottom line and their own brands?","And so I think there's a broader conversation about, are there better ways to have admissions?And can we define excellence in education some other way other than, you know, something that's really expensive and only lets in about 5 percent of people who get to apply?","And for all that conversation, just in our last 30 seconds or so, do you see signs of systemic change coming?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implication of this turn is that the scandal has a far-reaching effect on the university and its stakeholders, beyond just the legal repercussions.","questions":"What is the scope of the effects of the scandal on the university?","answer":"Far-reaching"}
{"text":["Do you think what we've seen over the past couple of weeks represents some kind of tipping point in the way people think about guns?","Probably not, unfortunately. I mean, after - Sandy Hook was about the worst thing that could ever possibly happen. And it didn't substantially change the tone of this debate. What is different is when you mix an ISIS story, which is what we have now, with a gun-control story. Maybe that's what's going to change things.","The idea that people who may not have been able to get on an airplane were able to acquire guns.","Right, right, right. We have zero tolerance for Islamic - Islamic State terrorism. We seem to have a certain level of tolerance for a certain number of school shootings a year. So - I'm sorry to say it, but it's true. And so maybe that's what tips this debate. But I don't see any one incident tipping the debate in the way you're suggesting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4) the speaker is implying that the US has a higher level of tolerance for school shootings than for terrorism.","questions":"What incident does the speaker not see tipping the debate in the way the other person suggests?","answer":"One"}
{"text":["Hi.","So you're about to get underway with your lunch rush. What are the workers telling you?What are the conversations you're hearing there at the bar?","Well, they're like counting down the days and saying what are they going to do. You know, some people have no plans. They don't know what they're going to do. Then other people say they're going to move away because this is a dying town, and it's really frightening.","And what does that mean for you?","Well, I just hope that we can make it through. I don't know. We don't know what is in store - you know, the future has for us because we've already - when they cut the shifts back, we've already lost a lot of our business from over there. Now, there's going to be nobody, and we just don't know where it's going to go from there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : lunch rush is a time when places are very busy, like restaurants, and usually during lunch, hence the name lunch rush","questions":"How would you describe the time when places are very busy during lunch?","answer":"Busy"}
{"text":["(Laughter).",". . . The future seems to be getting here, doesn't it?","Well, we've always joked on \"Men In Blazers,\" Scott, that soccer has been America's sport of the future since 1972. But that future is very much now. So next Friday, next Saturday we are holding BlazerCon, which is kind of a Comic-Con but for football. You could say it's like Comic-Con but nerdier, where football fans from across America will come together in Brooklyn and meet with some of the elite global thinkers who are shaping the tectonic plates of football from the Premier League Chairman Richard Scudamore, Christian Siefert, who runs Bundesliga, the gentleman that runs Liverpool, Manchester City, Everton Football Club, as well as the U. S.  women's national team players, MLS owners. It's going to be an absolute cacophony of really exploring joyously the future of football globally, but more importantly, I guess for us, how this game is going to evolve in America in the next decade.","Roger Bennett, host of \"Men In Blazers,\" thanks so much. Hope to talk to you soon, Roger."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is expressing amusement at the idea of the future being here.","questions":"What is the PersonA's reaction to the future being here?","answer":"Amusement"}
{"text":["Joel Rising has surely had this experience. Many frequent travelers have, a screaming baby on the airplane. But what's that baby doing there anyway?Is it safe for infants to fly?Doctor Sydney Spiesel is a pediatrician and a professor at Yale Medical School, as well as a contributor to slate. com. And when we spoke earlier, I asked him if a new study out on this topic had any answers.","What the study says is, if you have normal kids, yes, you know, when you're flying, the air pressure goes down in a plane. It's as if we were walking around the top of a mountain that's maybe 5,000 feet.","The amount of oxygen that's available for absorption is about three quarters because of the lower pressures. About three quarters of that - of the same amount as sea level. And young children we know don't do quite as well with lower oxygen levels as older. But, in fact, millions of kids fly, and they really fly quite well without problems.","And no problems for their ears?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the literal meaning of \"young children don't do quite as well with lower oxygen levels as older\" suggests that younger children may struggle with the lower oxygen levels on a plane more than older children. However, the actual meaning is that younger children may not tolerate lower oxygen levels as well as older children or adults, but millions of children do fly safely without problems.","questions":"What is the misconception about younger children's ability to fly safely?","answer":"Misconception"}
{"text":["You centered your article around a book that came out in May - \"The Black Witch\" by Laurie Forest. It had some buzz. Kirkus says, quote, \"engaging character set in a rich alternative universe with a complicated history - a massive page turner that leaves readers longing for more. \"But in March, the buzz took a turn. What happened?","A blogger who had an advanced reader's copy of the book disagreed with the reigning buzz and penned a 9,000 word review decrying it, basically, as an end-to-end mess of unadulterated bigotry. So this blogger disagreed with the premise of the book, which basically centers on a girl becoming enlightened to the fact that she's been indoctrinated into an ideology of racist superiority.","And once she had formed this opinion, she - you know, she wrote her review. And she got online and basically called for the activist crowd on young adult Twitter to boost it. And because of online dynamics being the way they are and because of how fast outrage travels, on Twitter especially, it really just blew up into a huge controversy that lasted for multiple weeks right up until the book released.","Did a lot of people who kind of piled on bother to read the book?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is implying that the initial positive buzz surrounding the book was overshadowed by the negative review and the controversy that followed.","questions":"How was the book's initial buzz affected by the negative review and controversy?","answer":"Overshadowed"}
{"text":["The Rough Riders were a unique volunteer regiment that was formed in the first days of the Spanish-American War. At the time, the U. S.  military was really small, and they needed to bulk up really quickly. So the U. S.  Army went out and recruited cowboys, athletes, people who you could train pretty quickly. And a lot of it was the brainchild of Theodore Roosevelt.","It was his particular idea of who was manly enough to be in a regiment with him. Is that fair to say?","Well, it was - he - yes, he did a lot of the vetting himself. And it certainly was a lot of, yes, his conception of what it meant to be manly. And so you not only had a lot of people from the West but also a lot of Ivy League football players. The No. 1 and the No. 2 tennis player in the country quit tennis to join, and that was the kind of thing that he loved.","Were these celebrities in some cases?","Yeah, they were. They were celebrities in the sense that they were the children of the tycoons and the kind of lords of the Gilded Age, the sort of people who grew up in Newport and Fifth Avenue and had names that resonated for a public that, you know, much like today, they know who has the money, who has the power."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Theodore Roosevelt had specific ideas about what made a man manly","questions":"Which historical figure's ideas about manliness are discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Theodore"}
{"text":["OK.  Let's talk taxes. The latest GOP tax plan sailed through the House of Representatives this week. It's now in the Senate. What will be the greatest challenge there. Could it fail there, or is it likely to pass?They need a win.","Well, they already have - the Republicans already have some problems going on with even some of their most conservative members. So you've got Ron Johnson from Wisconsin who's already said, I won't vote for this bill in the way it stands. Someone like Susan Collins objects to the fact that the repeal of the individual mandate - the health care mandate - has been attached to this bill. So while it passed through the House pretty easily, the Senate is an incredibly different climate. You have people like Bob Corker and Jeff Flake who are a little bit of - you know, they're sticking in the craw of Republican leaderships because they're - you know, they're sort of doing. . .","Deficit hawks. Yeah.","Yes, exactly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Deficit hawks. Yeah.\" - The literal meaning is that Bob Corker and Jeff Flake are concerned about the deficit. The implied meaning is that they are causing issues for the Republican leadership because they may not support the tax plan if it adds to the deficit.","questions":"Which two Republican senators are referred to as \"deficit hawks\" in turn 2?","answer":"Bob,Jeff"}
{"text":["And so - like, for instance, sly, when a person is sly like a fox. There's a Scottish word called slicket(ph), which I love, you know. It's sleek, oily. Slicket - I couldn't vote for him. He's got slicket eyes.","That's nice.","You know, and so I refuse to change it. But I'd rather explain it to you than change it, you know. And Scotland has such lovely words, too, like a turkey, for instance, it's a bubbly jock.","Bubbly jock?I've not heard that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The reason why he couldn't vote for him couldn't be because he got a slicket eyes","questions":"What is the Scottish word for sleek and oily mentioned by A?","answer":"Slicket"}
{"text":["I think that with that time, you just need to map it out and make sure that you stay busy. Because if you don't, there's a lot of other elements, you know, inside, that could possibly corrupt you. And you might not only lose your freedom, you might end up losing your life. So you've got to be really careful while you're in there.","Now your song \"It's Real\" deals with a really heavy topic: AIDS.","Right.","Let's take a listen."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The song It's Real addresses a serious issue.","questions":"What does the song \"It's Real\" address?","answer":"AIDS"}
{"text":["Right.","It was, it's poignant because of Lisa \"Left Eye\" Lopez having passed away.","Definitely. And SWV and En Vogue, it was just yeah, that I thought, that was really good. I mean, where else could you see that but the BET Awards?","Yeah, it was, I mean I thought the staging was pretty amazing.","Definitely. Definitely."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The performance was emotional due to the death of Lisa Left Eye Lopez.","questions":"Which member of a music group passed away?","answer":"Lopez"}
{"text":["It's time now for our Africa Update. The search begins for an African Einstein. In South Africa this week, at least two dozen people have been killed in a wave of attacks on foreigners and we look at Rwanda's new economic force, women. For more, we've got Roxanne Lawson, she's director of Africa Policy for TransAfrica Forum. Hey, Roxanne.","Hi, how are you doing?","I'm doing great. So let's talk about some disturbing news form South Africa. It's the biggest economic power on the continent and plenty of immigrants from other African nations are flooding into the country, legally or not. South Africans are accusing these immigrants of taking away jobs and causing crime, in some ways it's similar to a lot of the debates right here in the U. S.  Now, some South Africans are getting into brutal attacks on foreigners. At least 24 people have been killed in unrest that broke out a week ago. So what's the latest on the violence?","You're directly right that it actually is very much like what we see here in the United States with our migration issues. As of this morning, official reports that 217 people have been arrested, over 3,000 have been displaced and 22 people are dead."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"South Africans are accusing these immigrants of taking away jobs and causing crime\" - This turn has a figurative meaning, as immigrants are not literally taking away jobs and causing crime, but rather this is a perceived issue by some South Africans.","questions":"What is the perceived issue some South Africans have with immigrants?","answer":"Jobloss"}
{"text":["What is the context?How did you get to know them?And then, describe what you think each of them is like as a person.","I worked with Raila Odinga at the University of Nairobi. President Kibaki, we've had our children go to school together. I think they are both kind people. I don't think - I won't describe any one of them as a bad person at all. They are both kind, but we have this underlying problem we just started talking about that nobody really has ever paid it any attention to. That is of helping people to relate as tribes, as, you know, really seeing - instead of bruiting their differences and, you know, identifying the unity that groups like Kikuyus and the Luos have. They are very different people culturally. How can they walk together?How can they celebrate each other's, you know, differences so that we can forge ahead.","So in other words, even though some peace is going to be created - I know they will - I hope that they are going to start in a school system, teaching people about the different cultural background to ensure that our people move from their own tribal shells towards the national and then the continent.","Let me ask you about the two men that we've been talking about who have so much decision-making power."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of \"tribal shells\" is not clear, but in this context, it means to move away from their narrow-minded or limited views based on their tribal affiliations.","questions":"What does \"tribal shells\" represent?","answer":"views"}
{"text":["And what's your percentage normally?","Normally, it's around 65 to 70 percent in practice.","It's a little easier when nobody is guarding.","Yeah, a little bit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is easier to do something when there are no obstacles (guards) around.","questions":"How is it easier to do something when there are no obstacles around?","answer":"No-obstacles"}
{"text":["So I always tell people, look at your many choices. Don't close any doors. But the fact is that, you know, take your passion, take it as far as you can, but understand you've got to make a living, and you've got to pay the loan back.","What about people like you, who are college presidents?What challenges are you facing in trying to make sure that you can get a broad variety of students from different backgrounds?","Farai, you know, what keeps me up at night is the young women who want to be admitted but don't have the dollars, the young women who are students who are continuing, who are saying, I need more financial aid, the young women whose parents can't take out another loan. That literally keeps me up at night. If you see me again and I'm gray, that's what did it.","I mean literally. I mean, I wake up in the - you know, I wake up in the middle of the night and say, how can I find money for these young people?It is a challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Finding funding for the education of young people is a significant challenge that affects my sleep.","questions":"Which aspect of education causes the president to lose sleep?","answer":"funding"}
{"text":["Do you ever feel that way, you're just so tired of singing, but you know you have to because that song is so closely associated with who you are?","Well \"Band of Gold\" would be it, but by the time I get to the end of the show, and I'm coming back for that last encore\u2026","(Singing) Now that you're gone, all that's left is a band of gold\u2026","A lot of times, I will do \"Band of Gold,\" and as a matter of fact, I - and I find that it's a good thing because I see people in the audience just light up, like (unintelligible)\u2026"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"A lot of times, I will do 'Band of Gold,' and as a matter of fact, I - and I find that it's a good thing because I see people in the audience just light up, like (unintelligible)\u2026\" - The implied meaning here is that the person often performs \"Band of Gold,\" and they enjoy doing so because they observe that it brings joy to their audience and creates a positive atmosphere.","questions":"What is the song that PersonA often performs?","answer":"Band-of-Gold"}
{"text":["You've complained that the U. S.  through both Republican and Democratic administrations has ceded to Israel on most issues and, therefore, has never really been a fair and impartial third party. Has Trump, in effect, made what you consider to be unstated U. S.  policy simply more explicit?","He certainly has. One of the things that Trump has done is that he's brought to the forefront and brought to the - brought - made very apparent that the United States has never been an honest broker - not under Clinton, not under Bush and certainly not under Obama.","Obama was a president who gave Israel the largest aid package that Israel has ever seen. And it had also turned a blind eye to Israeli settlement activity. What Trump has now done is he's put it very much in your face and made it clear that the United States has never been and will never be an honest broker.","Trump, in one of his tweets, did say that Israelis would have to pay more, though, for the recognition of their capital, suggesting Israel will have to make significant concessions to Palestinians. Does that encourage you at all?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The United States has never been an honest broker.","questions":"Which country has never been an honest broker?","answer":"usa"}
{"text":["Thanks so much for having me.","OK. So the economy's no doing so well. Is this the opportune time to launch a major cable channel?","Well, it probably isn't. But all things being equal, I think that Major League Baseball has been lucky enough to garner a very good deal for them in the sense that they're negotiating with a number of carriers. As mentioned, it's the largest cable launch in history.","And so, even with advertising difficulties, they'll have a very strong revenue stream out of subscriber fees. And so, it's probably good for baseball. And they're hoping, I'm sure, to ride this out and have a long-term goal of making it a very profitable and successful launch.","Well, baseball certainly has a lot of games during the season. So what kind of programming will we see?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Baseball is hoping to ride out the advertising difficulties and make the largest cable launch in history profitable and successful in the long term, despite initial challenges.","questions":"What is baseball's long-term goal for the largest cable launch in history?","answer":"Profitable"}
{"text":["Well - I mean, I believe on Friday, certainly a lot of people thought that they had a deal in hand. Senator Schumer left the White House thinking that it was very close. And he says it got undone somewhere in the White House. It's not clear. . .","Well, I can't speak to that. I wasn't a part of that. But I don't think it was probably quite as imminent as they thought.","Look, I think the president's actually been very clear about the things that he wants. He wants to address border security, he wants to deal with chain migration, and he wants to deal with the lottery. And he's certainly willing to provide legal status for DREAMers. So if those are your four principle points and they've been known for months, there ought to be a way to reach an agreement.","Border security means a wall?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B implies that they are skeptical that border security means a wall.","questions":"Which term does PersonB question as possibly meaning a wall?","answer":"Border-security"}
{"text":["So are there other criticisms of her leadership that are not related to Brexit?","Oh, absolutely. There are vast criticisms of her leadership. Austerity is the single biggest criticism. It doesn't have popularity in many quarters anymore. But in terms of whether the criticism is balanced or gendered or, you know, this - a lot of people will say this has nothing to do with gender. Well, you have to remember 2017, the Daily Mail front page - Theresa May and Nicola Sturgeon, who is the first minister for Scotland, and the front page of The Daily Mail said never mind Brexit, what about Legs-it. And it had a picture of the two women and comparing who had the better legs. So there is no way in which that is an ungendered criticism.","Have criticisms of Prime Minister May evolved over the course of Brexit?","Absolutely. So though she was not considered to be doing a brilliant job from the outset, there was a kind of national feeling that gosh, she was doing probably as well as most people could do. And then of course, the men who stepped back to give her power started circling again to take back power at the moment that it starts to seem like we might be moving towards Brexit, the outcome they want, or not moving towards it. And at that point, the language really, really shifted. And it stepped up. And you had people briefing against her."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), when A says \"the men who stepped back to give her power started circling again to take back power,\" the actual meaning is that male politicians who initially supported May as Prime Minister began to undermine her leadership when it appeared that Brexit was moving in a direction they did not want. The language used against her became harsher and more aggressive.","questions":"Which direction did Brexit have to move for male politicians to start undermining Theresa May's leadership?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["How do you feel about the United States now?","It was my home, and it is my home. And it will be my home because I have nowhere else to go. If I went somewhere else, I wouldnt be alive.","Is there something you'd like the Army and the Department of Defense and everyone to know about you?","I am more patriotic than many Americans. I am ready to lay my life down for this country and for the safety of its people. Im not a bad person, and I have never committed a crime. My life is in danger if the institutions like USCIS and DOD does not help me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The United States is the only place where A can survive.","questions":"How is PersonA's survival dependent?","answer":"Nowhere"}
{"text":["Well, you know, this is having a lot of different effects. So you know, some of the students have been expelled. Their admissions have been revoked. Some of the coaches have been fired. They face charges - athletic coaches who were involved in misrepresenting people as being recruits. And of course the legal cases are going to continue to unfold.","But I'm also interested in how it's unfolding in the broader culture at large. You know, whether you look at things like - we had a big debate last year about Harvard and affirmative action. And these conversations about things like legacy admissions are really bringing us to a broader conversation about, what do these elite colleges really offer?You know, the fact that they have nonprofit status - are they really serving the public, or are they just acting in a way that's really inflating their own bottom line and their own brands?","And so I think there's a broader conversation about, are there better ways to have admissions?And can we define excellence in education some other way other than, you know, something that's really expensive and only lets in about 5 percent of people who get to apply?","And for all that conversation, just in our last 30 seconds or so, do you see signs of systemic change coming?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The consequences of the scandal go beyond those immediately involved and have raised questions about the integrity and fairness of elite college admissions.","questions":"How has the college admissions scandal impacted the conversation about elite college admissions?","answer":"Integrity"}
{"text":["Am I wrong to see in this novel a theme that the relics we worship are often no more than making a choice among frauds?","You know, Frederick - he had 19,000 of these things.","Yeah.","You know, everything. Frederick was called Frederick the Wise. This was a very learned man. And you think, well, wait, you know, how could he have really thought this was, you know, the - a strand of Jesus's hair or a piece of straw?And the answer is, I suspect he didn't in his heart of hearts, but his - the overriding theology, if you will, was I think he thought that if relics make people more pious, where's the harm?I'm attracted to that notion. If it - if belief in a, you know, a bone leads you to praying to be a better person - how quickly I descend into truism - where's the harm?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The worship of relics may be based on false beliefs, but it can still be beneficial if it encourages people to be more pious.","questions":"Which theology was the overriding belief of Frederick the Wise?","answer":"Relics"}
{"text":["The storm was downgraded to a category-two hurricane just as it hit land. So, that's got to be good news for everybody there.","Oh, yes. The staff here, were all looking at the - upstairs in the ops room and stuff - They're looking at the weather, everybody's feeling much confident. Our field units - people who first responded are feeling better about the situation, we'll just wait for the past five - even more so that we can get crews out and do a real good damage assessment of the whole parish including the parts in the lower parishes, which will be closer to the eye itself.","Now that the storm has hit land, what are the projections for where it will go and how it will go over the next twelve hours?","Well, my understanding, it's going to slowly drift north, stretching north west and then a little more to the west, and there's a possibility that it may slow down and maybe even stall near the Louisiana, Texas line."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The hurricane may slow down and cause damage near the Louisiana-Texas border.","questions":"Which state may be affected by the hurricane?","answer":"Louisiana"}
{"text":["Let me just unpack that. SIT: sexually transmitted infection?","Yes.","That's - okay. So, you've got a lot of diversity in the book, people of all races. Did you make a choice as to how to portray not just body size diversity of issue diversity, but also racial diversity?","Well, absolutely. I think that it's very important for a variety of reasons. Number one: Women need to be able to see themselves in print. So I made sure to include Asian women, Indian women, black, Hispanic women, white women, all shapes and sizes and all different types of bodies - not just super skinny, not just very large, but everybody in between: flat butts, big butts, big boobs, little boobs. . .","Everything's in \"Body Drama. \"And I did that because we want to see ourselves, but we're also really curious about what other people look like. And it's that information and acknowledgement that can really help us get over our own body drama, by seeing, oh, wow - I hear this from all the girls who look at the book. Oh, okay. My boobs aren't that bad after all.","And I'd take that to mean that women are sitting around looking in the mirror and then looking at the airbrushed magazines and looking at the surgically enhanced pornography. And when you see actual, real representations of bumpy nipples, of large areola, of imperfect sizes, where one is bigger than the other, then you can look in the mirror and say, all right. Well, actually, I am normal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Everything's in \"Body Drama.\" And I did that because we want to see ourselves, but we're also really curious about what other people look like. And it's that information and acknowledgement that can really help us get over our own body drama, by seeing, oh, wow - I hear this from all the girls who look at the book. Oh, okay. My boobs aren't that bad after all.  Actual meaning: Including a variety of body types in the book can help women feel more comfortable with their own bodies by showing them that others have similar experiences. Literal meaning: The book \"Body Drama\" includes information on a variety of body types because people are curious about what others look like.","questions":"How can the book \"Body Drama\" help women with their body image?","answer":"Comfort"}
{"text":["Well, for me it's almost anything that I'm sent and asked to click on in which somebody else is supposedly really embarrassing themselves. And I'm supposed to find this funny. I'm supposed to enjoy the spectacle. But it's just a physical response that I can't, you know. I clench sort of every muscle in my body and I can barely bring myself to watch it and then end up pressing stop. So, you know, examples would be the recording that was around this week of an employee of a cable company attempting to make a departing customer stay using all sorts of extraordinary arguments, I'm told. I'm told it was very embarrassing for the cable company employee. But I don't know because I can't bring myself to listen to it.","The guy who proposed marriage to a woman at the ballpark - you know about this one?","Oh, this is going to be a wedding proposal that is rejected in public, I think?","Yeah, that's it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the speaker is not actually making a statement about a specific rejected wedding proposal, but rather anticipating that the example provided by the other speaker will involve a public wedding proposal that is rejected.","questions":"What kind of proposal did the guy make at the ballpark?","answer":"Marriage"}
{"text":["And so you thought, wow. I never thought about how terrible that might - to be on that boat with all those creatures for so long.","Yeah. It seemed like a totally terrifying prospect to me to not only know that you had to keep them alive because you were the only reason life would continue post-flood but then also that they were dangerous. And they - you know, even if you go to a farm that's lovely, it still smells or petting zoos or all these things I was doing with my young son. I was like, wow. This smells. And we're, like, out in the open. Imagine on a boat (laughter). And I'm really interested in biology and bodies and, you know, as much as we are shedding and getting oily, like, so are the animals. And - but she has to not only take care of herself but take care of all of them and their super varied needs.","Well, you mentioned bodies. And that's the perfect segue way to the fact that there's, actually, a fair amount of what I would call erotica in this book.","Sure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : none","questions":"What type of content did PersonB transition to discussing in turn 2?","answer":"Erotica"}
{"text":["There are. It's been a very dry summer. We had the wettest May on record, but then we had the driest June on record. So since June 1, we've only had 0. 06 inches of rain in Anchorage. So everything is turning pretty crispy. And we've got a pretty big fire down on the Kenai, which is blowing smoke into the Anchorage area. And then we've got a fire north in the Matanuska-Susitna Valley. And then we've got fires dotted across the state.","Well, northern Alaska has seen dramatic effects of climate change - thawing permafrost, we've seen that decreasing arctic ice. Is this heat wave part of that bigger trend?","I think it is. We're definitely seeing warmer-than-normal conditions. Like, the 90-degree temperature is 25 degrees above our average. Our average for this time of year is 65 degrees. And just in the last 10 days, we had six record-high temperatures. So not just this year, but overall, the trend for Anchorage and all of Alaska is a steady increase and a steady warming.","What is the forecast then for the next, say, few days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The temperature has been steadily increasing in Anchorage and all of Alaska.","questions":"Which city in Alaska has seen a steady increase in temperature?","answer":"Anchorage"}
{"text":["A whistleblower has told Congress that at least 25 people were granted security clearances by the Trump administration after career employees recommended denying those clearances. Those 25 include two current senior White House officials. The whistleblower's name is Tricia Newbold. She's an 18-year career employee who currently works at the Personnel Security Office. That's the office that recommends for or against granting security clearances to members of the administration. She gave these details in private testimony to the House Oversight Committee last month.","Joining me now is a member of that committee, Jamie Raskin, Democrat from Maryland. Welcome.","I'm delighted to be with you.","So Tricia Newbold flags three particular instances involving senior White House officials who are kept anonymous. Can you tell us a little more about these officials who were initially denied security clearances but those decisions were overruled?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Flags\" does not mean that Tricia Newbold actually used flags to indicate the instances involving senior White House officials. Instead, it implies that she drew attention to these instances or brought them to the committee's notice. This is an example of a figurative or idiomatic use of language where the intended meaning is different from the literal meaning of the words used.","questions":"How did Tricia Newbold draw attention to the instances involving senior White House officials?","answer":"Drew"}
{"text":["Well, we've - they've already spent too much time, that is the Congress and the president, in getting a deal. So they can't, in my opinion, put together a real big debt reduction bill that the country and its people deserves. In the meantime, this tax problem came in, the Bush tax is going to expire, which was done by the law that adopted it, and that's going to put a big pressure on the budget.","And we've got a law that is so unreasonable that it ought to be repealed, the sequester. I think they're going to find a way to repeal the sequester. I think they're going to find a way to do all of the savings required in the appropriated accounts, the annual billings, but I think they're going to be very short of savings in the entitlement programs, the long-term health care, which costs are going to go skyrocketing along while we sit around thinking everything's rosy. They may not find a way to solve that one.","I hope they do, but I see no evidence that they are doing that one right. So I think they'll get two or three out of the four, and then question for everyone: will they put that much together and say, take it, and some language saying we'll do more next year?I would have some further suggestions, but we don't have time.","Well, Senator Domenici, thank you very much for your time today."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is doubt whether the Congress will be able to come up with a comprehensive solution for all the issues and it may require multiple attempts","questions":"What is the senator's hope for the Congress to do regarding the entitlement programs?","answer":"Savings"}
{"text":["And let's talk about the rivals themselves once they were in the Cabinet. You wrote about this this week in the Los Angeles Times in an op-ed. And you noted that, two years into Lincoln's administration, there was a full-blown crisis in Lincoln's Cabinet. What was that about?","Well, we reached this point in the middle of the war - it's December 1862 - when Lincoln actually says to one of his closest friends, we are now on the brink of destruction. And he was talking about a Cabinet crisis that was the result of this friction between these rivals. There was backbiting and intrigue, and it was ugly. Lincoln survived it, and that's why we tend to forget how ugly it was. But, you know, in the first two years of the conflict, the president is really struggling to manage these balky rivals.","And they're unable to, what, subsume their own egos to that of the president's?","You know, in retrospect, I think Doris Kearns Goodwin, you know, has a lot of wisdom when she says Lincoln had great personal strength to reach out to his rivals. But at the time, it was considered tremendous weakness and therefore, people in Washington at the beginning of the administration thought he was weak, and they tried to take advantage of it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is reflecting on the fact that Lincoln's willingness to work with his rivals was seen as a weakness by some in Washington at the time, but in hindsight, it was a display of personal strength and leadership","questions":"How was Lincoln's willingness to work with his rivals perceived in Washington at the beginning of his administration?","answer":"Weakness"}
{"text":["That is correct. This is a safe, sound and solid pick. And, you know, that's pretty much evidence that this was a decision made by the head and not by the heart - and maybe not entirely by Donald Trump's head alone because he likes to say he's most comfortable with decisions he makes on gut feelings.","And he's been very interested in a couple of other prospects that he feels a lot of affinity with. Newt Gingrich, as you know, Chris Christie have been very much in the running. Those are both much better known names. And they might not add much to Trump's political assets, but they would certainly be dynamic personalities on stage with him.","So the Pence choice was widely reported on Thursday and then sort of denied on Thursday night and then announced on Friday, after all, by tweet. What's going on with that?","Well, you know, it's been reported by CNN and NBC that Trump himself was undecided on this issue as late as Thursday night. Campaign chairman Paul Manafort has refused to say when the choice was really made, only to say that it was made by Donald Trump before he sent out that tweet on Friday morning."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: Although there may be variations in how people interpret it, the speaker is fairly confident that a significant number of individuals will understand that there is an underlying or implicit message conveyed through this turn. The meaning might not be immediately apparent and could require additional context, but the speaker believes that most people will recognize that there is a subtext or insinuation.","questions":"How might the PersonA's confidence in the recognition of an implicit message be described?","answer":"Fairly"}
{"text":["So who is this father we're talking about?","Well, his name is Bashirul Shikder, and he's an American dad who is from Florida - lives in Florida. And four years ago, his two children - one of them was just an infant less than a year old - were kidnapped by their mother and taken to Syria, where she came to join ISIS. He's been trying to get his kids back since then. And then last month, he received the awful news that his wife had been killed in an explosion. His kids are injured with burns to their faces. So he came to Iraq. We followed him there, you know, next door to Syria where he was lobbying U. S.  officials to try to help, trying to locate these children who are somewhere in Syria.","Now it's been confirmed by - well, now multiple sources tell us - but I should say that it's not yet fully confirmed - that these two children and a half sister they now have are actually alive and still in Baghouz. Of course, the offensive on Baghouz has just started again, so this is really every parent's nightmare. What he is hearing is that the kids are there; they're being bombarded. But they're with a family who doesn't want to leave.","Wow. So this father might be watching U. S. -backed forces basically try to take out territory where his children might be still holed up somewhere."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn \"He's been trying to get his kids back since then\" is an example of a figurative language, as the father is not physically trying to retrieve his children but rather taking legal and diplomatic actions to locate and bring them back.","questions":"What is the father doing to retrieve his children?","answer":"Locating"}
{"text":["So, you know, it was a very, very gutsy move because he and I, we didn't have a quarter. And I'm sure you're saying, well, how did you open up a restaurant without any money?Well, my grandmother, who was in her 90s, was gracious enough and had enough faith and confidence in us to use her house as collateral, and we took out a small 20,000 dollar loan, opened up a 2,000-square-foot restaurant in 1988.","And, the first day we opened, we were dead broke. We didn't have a cash register. There were so many things that we didn't have that I wouldn't dare try to open up a restaurant in today's time without. But in less than the two years - we leased the building for two years - in two years, not only had we paid my grandmother her money back, but we had saved 40,000 dollars. And we took that money and used it as a down payment and purchased our first restaurant.","Well, you know, I want to go to you, Gina, because I understand that there was a reunion at which you two reconnected. Tell me about that, first of all.","Pat and I dated in high school. As a matter of fact, our parents went to the same high school, and we got back together - we dated all through high school, we broke up, of course, and then we got back together at our 10-year reunion."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"dead broke\" - This means that they had no money, rather than literally being physically broken or dead.","questions":"What did they not have on the first day of opening the restaurant?","answer":"cash-register"}
{"text":["I wrote nothing that of the slightest consequence before I met Sarah. I was a gag man for Fred Allen for five years. In his time, he was the greatest of the radio comedians. And jokes work for what they are but they're ephemeral. They just disappear. And that was the kind of thing I did up until the time that I met Sarah and we married. And I would say my literary career and my mature life both began with her.","And she would read everything that you did, and I gather she wouldn't be shy about telling you to change stuff.","Well, Scott, I used to read the books to her as I wrote them. And I have to tell you, she didn't like \"Marjorie\" at all at first. I'm not sure she ever got used to it because I couldn't quite conceal the fact that I was sort of falling in love with this imaginary young woman. But she would tell me what she thought. It was almost always right. And I would either get angry because I thought she was wrong and then have to get used to it, or I heard right away that she was right.","May I ask how you're doing without her?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He was a comedian for Fred Allen, not an actual gag man.","questions":"How was PersonA's previous job with Fred Allen described?","answer":"Comedian"}
{"text":["We have what are called the three amigos. And the three amigos are Secretary Perry, again, Ambassador Volker and myself. And we've been tasked with sort of overseeing the Ukraine-U. S.  relationship.","ORDO\u00d1EZ: And mind you that all this is happening even as Trump and his officials are in the process of ousting the U. S.  ambassador to the Ukraine, who Trump recently called bad news.","What kind of reputation has Sondland built during his brief time as a diplomat?","ORDO\u00d1EZ: You know, in some ways, Sondland is kind of like Trump. He's a businessman. He made his name in the hotel industry. People I spoke to said he has kind of a similar brash personality - a wheeler, a dealer, someone with a lot of confidence. He's kind of a larger-than-life character. When he hosted an Independence Day celebration in Brussels, he actually brought in Jay Leno as entertainment."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Trump said the person is bad at their job and causes trouble to others.","questions":"How did Trump describe the U.S. ambassador to Ukraine?","answer":"Bad"}
{"text":["(Laughter) I'm not sure if that's a compliment, Steve. But thanks.","I don't know. If it means tough, if it means on top of things, it is you, Melissa. Own it.","Well, gosh. Thanks.","She's in Lyon, France. This is NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is unsure whether Steve's comment is a compliment or not","questions":"What is Steve implying about Melissa?","answer":"Unsure"}
{"text":["What - the more typical word that I hear from younger evangelicals is a sense of not knowing what to do. Many of them can't in good conscience vote for either Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton. And I think that it's going to take several months before we even know what the answer to that is going to be.","Can you explain what part of Donald Trump's message is working with religious voters so that they would overlook maybe even some of their basic Christian beliefs to support him?","Well, I think it is the fact that many religious conservatives believe that the Republican Party has not only taken them for granted but made fun of them behind closed doors. And so I've heard from those who are supporting Trump their vote for Trump is really a vote to kind of shut the entire system down and start all over again. I think that's a very common sentiment.","Russell Moore of the Southern Baptist Convention, thanks so much for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"not knowing what to do\" - the literal meaning is that they are unsure of what actions to take, but the actual meaning could be that they are struggling to reconcile their religious beliefs with their political choices.","questions":"What is the reason for many religious conservatives to support Donald Trump despite their struggle to reconcile their religious beliefs with their political choices?","answer":"Conflict"}
{"text":["Oh, well, you'll be surprised, Neal. Actually, Minnesota has more solar potential than anywhere in the eastern part of the U. S. , except for Florida. We have nice, clear winters and good, sunny summers. Germany, farther north than we are, has much more solar than about anywhere in the United States. So actually, we're pretty well-positioned for solar. You'll be surprised how much of the U. S.  could do well in solar. We also have a lot of wind potential here in Minnesota, especially in the western area. But it's more about, how do we get that electricity to the cities like Minneapolis or Chicago?","And, of course, we have bioenergy here, too, and the debates about things like corn ethanol. That's another big contentious issue here in the Midwest. And one where, again, middle grounds might have to be found between groups that are in very different poles on that issue.","And what do you think is the most promising - again, the symbolic areas, those are always going to be difficult. But are there other conversations that could be had that, as you say, skirt the ideology?","Well, it's very interesting. Regardless of, you know, how you think of him politically, the Obama administration has actually done more, may be by accident - or may be on purpose - to think about, to take on climate change than all previous administrations, really, combined. Our CO2 emissions in the United States have gone down pretty dramatically in the last few years, partly because of the recession, of course, but partly because people are retooling and getting more efficient."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Minnesota has good solar potential despite being in the northern part of the US","questions":"How is Minnesota's solar potential compared to Florida's in the eastern part of the US?","answer":"Florida"}
{"text":["Tell us about the test. What is the implicit association test?How does that work?","This is a procedure that's sort of fun to play with. You can take it yourself on the Internet. It's a procedure that involves four steps. And first you're asked to rapidly classify white and black faces by pressing a left-side computer key for black faces or a right key for white faces. That's an easy test.","Second, same type of test, but now you're pressing the left key for unpleasant words, words like hurt or failure, and the right key for pleasant words for words like joy and love. That's an easy task, too.","Then it begins to get more difficult. We combine the tasks, the third step. Now the left key is for either white faces or unpleasant words, and the right key is for either black faces or pleasant words. This combination of two easy tasks can be quite difficult."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"This is a procedure that's sort of fun to play with.\"  The speaker is using the phrase \"fun to play with\" to describe an activity that may not necessarily be entertaining, but is interesting or engaging to participate in.","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion of the IAT?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["And the bottom line is - I think it's a bold step because, you know, he's still is subject to the Presidential Records Information Act. So, you know, anything he does on that could in fact be subpoenaed. So - but he's used to using it. I think it's going to make him continue to have that comfort zone. I think he's probably going to be very cautious as to what messages he decides to use that for. But if people want to subpoena that he's got to go and have somebody pick up the milk maybe. . .","You know, I don't know.","The president's got a Black Ops BlackBerry. That's going to be really. . .","Yeah, but they did remove\u2026."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The bottom line means the most important fact of the situation.","questions":"Which phrase refers to a possible legal action that could occur regarding the president's use of his BlackBerry?","answer":"Subpoenaed"}
{"text":["And has the difficulties of the rebel forces, the defeat in Qusair, the prospect of a bigger defeat in Aleppo, has that concentrated minds on, well, we ought to get unified, otherwise we're going to be in serious trouble.","You would think, but it appears not yet. This is a very chaotic movement. The Free Syrian Army is a brand. It is not an army. And I have been reading accounts of the supreme military commander General Salim Idris, who is the Americans' favorite choice - the choice for funneling arms to the rebels. He was elected by commanders in December. His power on the ground is very limited.","It's certainly in Northern Syria. It is the radical Islamist brigades that have the most weapons, the most power, the most training. He is trying to build a force there hoping that the weapons that come to him from the Americans will give him some power that he - I read today that he had a meeting with commanders who were yelling at him. When you get these weapons, put them on TV so that we all know that they've arrived and then we'll have a transparent system. And he said, wait. In the military, you have to have secrets.","I'm not putting the weapons on TV. So you seen that he - I mean, I don't mean to laugh, but I. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Not arms that are funneled but weapons that are provided to them.","questions":"Which type of support does General Salim Idris hope to receive?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["See how he do his mom?","Ms.  O'BRIEN: Ira struggles to provide for her large family, working two jobs: as a real estate agent and a licensed massage therapist.","I can't stop. I push myself more now than I ever have. There's times that, especially the summertime, I didn't come home until like 8 o'clock at night sometimes.","So what did you learn from talking to her?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : I am working harder now than I used to, sometimes until late at night","questions":"Which time did I sometimes not come home until 8 o'clock at night?","answer":"summertime"}
{"text":["You've been working, as we mentioned, on the Voyager mission since its genesis. What has kept you with this program all that time?","Voyager - well, Voyager is science. Science is about discovering things, about understanding what's around - what our neighborhood is like, what the universe is like. So as a scientist, this has been a wonderful journey because, especially during the encounters with the giant planets, every day there were a flood of discoveries. Next day - more discoveries. So as a scientist, this has been an incredibly wonderful mission to have been on. And even today at great distances, Voyager is still doing things no spacecraft has done before and still presenting us with puzzles that we are trying to sort through.","They are still on a voyage. Where are they now?","Well, this was a mission - we had a four-year mission to Jupiter and Saturn. We had two spacecrafts so that we would have a high probability of at least one succeeding on its four-year journey to Saturn and, of course, both have succeeded and exceeded by a great amount."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"exceeded by a great amount.\" - actual meaning: the spacecrafts have surpassed their original mission goals and continued to function well beyond their expected lifetime.","questions":"Which mission goals?","answer":"Mission"}
{"text":["You've lived with HIV your entire conscious life - I mean, as I understand it, that you contracted HIV through blood transfusion when you were an infant in the early 1980s. So do you sense a change in how HIV has been viewed by the broader public and not just by the medical community?I mean, do you remember - I mean, I don't know that most of us kind of as kids think about becoming an organ donor, right?","(Laughter).","But do you remember feeling that the world of possibility has changed for you?","I do think in some places in America things definitely have changed with the science. In places, for example, where I live in the Deep South, there are a lot of long-held stigmatizing beliefs that people still have. And one of the reasons I did decide to go public as a resident of Atlanta was to really push people's perceptions into the 21st century because I couldn't think of any better way to show people that, you know, this isn't the 1980s anymore. You can live a long and healthy life living with HIV. People like me don't bring death, we can actually bring life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A's statement \"People like me don't bring death, we can actually bring life\" is an example of non-literal meaning as it is not meant to be taken literally. It is a metaphorical statement to challenge the stigmatizing beliefs associated with HIV and to promote awareness that individuals with HIV can lead long and fulfilling lives.","questions":"What is the purpose of PersonA's statement about people with HIV not bringing death?","answer":"Challenge"}
{"text":["I never approached any of the essayists with ideas in mind in terms of what I wanted them to write about. I wanted them to speak to their own truth to whatever they felt was the most poignant experience for them. And that was it for Nada, and Nada wrote so honestly about what she'd experienced. And it was all tied as well into her own career. It wasn't just about losing Anthony. It was about how all of those different threads came together in her life - the Arab Spring.","And that takes me back to the idea of hopelessness because that's Nada's story. She felt that way, and she was speaking to her own truth. And some of the women have similar feelings about the region, where it's almost like, well, this is just - the losses are too steep.","We mentioned resiliency. Are there other themes that connect these essays?","I think identity is a big one. All of them definitely feel very strongly about where they come from. I tend to say there's this idea of a homeland - and it's quite poetic in the Arab world - where, I'm from here. I want to be telling the story. This is the truth of what's happening in my homeland."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The essayists were free to write about what was most poignant to them without any predetermined ideas (1)","questions":"What was the main topic of Nada's essay?","answer":"ArabSpring"}
{"text":["My pleasure.","Could you just tell us what the weather is like right now?","Well, currently, it's been blue day. I mean, we've had some bands of rain come through from time to time, but it's a nice day. The water is calm. It's clouding up a little bit.","Do you have any guests at the resort at the moment?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : blue day implies a rainy and cloudy day. ","questions":"How would you describe the weather on a blue day?","answer":"Cloudy."}
{"text":["That's right. The discussions we've had about whether the First Lady should have worn clothing by black designers for her husband's inauguration is still creating a lot of traffic. Aljory Stallings(ph) wrote us this on our Web site, I am completely irritated on this trivial commentary on this issue. I wonder if the black designers who were complaining about this realize that by doing that, they are cutting off their noses to spite their faces.","Flora Gayle(ph) chimed in with this, I think she needs to get some credit for almost always wearing American designers. I am not black, but I do work in fashion. I think before we start judging this, we should look at how many black students are going to fashion school. I wish there were more.","And Dianne Truckenberg(ph) wrote in to say, I am concerned with the concept drawing lines for black versus white, for fill in whatever topic. Insistence on basing decisions on whether or not something or someone is of a certain race will certainly bring back racial tension.","And then last week, we had a discussion about spanking with Judge Lynn Toller. Well, that topic raised a lot of listener hackles. Here are a few letters that summed up the debate. Christopher Watson(ph) sent us this, I sat in my car shocked as I listened to your program talk about spanking. I'm a 33-year-old black male who was spanked as a child and has since worked for several organizations fighting domestic and sexual violence and child abuse. I was slack-jawed as I heard two highly educated adults advocate child abuse."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The discussion on spanking raised concerns among listeners and caused shock among advocates against domestic and sexual violence and child abuse.","questions":"How did some advocates against domestic and sexual violence and child abuse react to the discussion on spanking?","answer":"Shock"}
{"text":["Let me ask you this. Do you know Pat Cipollone?","We've met.","I assume he is also very familiar with the Constitution having gotten as far as he has in his legal career.","Look, he's doing what his client wants him to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : He should not be blamed for anything as he only does what he is told to do.","questions":"Which action should not be blamed?","answer":"anything"}
{"text":["Abortion. Abortion.","Really?","Because it's such a driving issue, a lot of one-issue abortion voters. The courts are determining what's legal in abortion. We see now that the court has got these new two conservative members to the Supreme Court and the lower courts. That's why you see states now pushing ahead with their tough abortion restrictions because they think that they can get these upheld. So I do think abortion - school prayer. Ronald Reagan played on school prayer when he was running. And these were the kind of things that conservatives vote on. These are important to them.","These are these sort of moral and cultural issues that they are interested in, consumed by to some regard. And so the courts have just been more important to them. You do see Democrats reacting now. There's new groups springing up. Demand Justice is a new group that was started to kind of make Democrats more aware of the potency of the court and the importance and why Democrats should be more interested in voting on it. I do think, in this election, Democrats are going to talk a lot more about the Supreme Court than they have in the past."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Abortion is a controversial and politically charged topic.","questions":"How would you describe the topic mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Abortion"}
{"text":["Yeah, well, this is an excellent question. First of all, the thing that they looked back to if they wanted to think back to a time of real hardship, it would have been the depression of the early 1890s, which was about as close to them as the depression is to us, but closer actually. So, in the 1890s, you had upwards of 20 percent unemployment.","This was caused by some crisis to do with a run on the U. S.  dollar, and gold flowing out of the United States Treasury and so forth, and so on. And you had really large numbers of the unemployed straggling along American roads looking for work. This is in an age of a lot of anxiety about hobos, and tramps, and the threat to public order that they might have represented.","And I think if we had had motion pictures from the 1890s, we would probably regard that as a great depression. But the key thing maybe to think about there is, it wasn't obviously going to be the great depression by Christmas 1929. And maybe, even it wasn't obviously going to be the great depression by Christmas 1930. It was something that kind of crept slowly and sickeningly upon people.","And this thesis that really it's the information revolution, it's the online world in exchange of all that we know, this thesis probably is not such a big factor, you think, in what's going on."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The depression of the early 1890s was the closest event of real hardship that people could compare to the Great Depression","questions":"How was the Great Depression compared to the depression of the early 1890s?","answer":"hardship"}
{"text":["I think there is. There has been a lot of talk here about that, not officially from the state board. But I think when you have both candidates kind of saying they would be open to it, it's really on the table. And the state board does have the ability to do this. They can call an election if - by law, if improprieties occurred to such an extent that they taint the results of the entire election and cast doubts on its fairness.","And any idea when a new election might be in the 9th District?","So - right. We have no idea. And they have said they are mindful that the new Congress is supposed to be seated on January 3. But I think it's going to be probably very difficult if they do do an election to get it done that quickly. Another question is, kind of what kind of election would you have?Would you redo the entire 9th District. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is a possibility of an election despite no official announcement yet.","questions":"What has been causing doubts on the fairness of the election?","answer":"Improprieties"}
{"text":["I assume, Sean, you're not going to have anyone there kind of pulling in the CNN-type touchscreen - pulling up results from various provinces. When might we get a really solid indication of who the next president of Afghanistan will be?","You're right. It is going to take some time here. We should start to get some basic, preliminary results in the coming days. But the actual count won't be completed until April 20. But once that's released, there's going to be several weeks of challenges, and a period where another body evaluates fraud and complaints and challenges from candidates. And May 14th is when the final, certified results of today's vote will actually be released. And most analysts are convinced that there's no chance any of the candidates will get more than 50 percent of the vote today, which means the top two candidates will go to a runoff, probably to be held sometime in June; meaning, we're looking at sometime late summer, early fall, actually, before we know who the next president of Afghanistan's going to be.","NPR's Sean Carberry in Kabul. Thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"the actual count won't be completed until April 20\" is meant literally as it refers to the official count of the votes.","questions":"Which date is mentioned as the release date of the final, certified results of today's vote?","answer":"May"}
{"text":["Thank you.","I want to reiterate what Tovia just said and be absolutely clear that as far as NPR News is concerned, we have confirmed only what you just heard that Tovia say - in that there were two explosions along the route of the Boston Marathon quite close to the finish line. The explosions occurred not on the route itself but in the area where there were thousands of spectators watching. We do know that there were injuries. We cannot confirm how many people have been injured or how severe those injuries are. We will, of course, continue to get details on that.","And as you heard Tovia say, there will be a briefing soon from the Boston Police Department and perhaps some other agencies in Boston. We will bring you details as we know them. Certainly if you are looking at any of these images, a warning to you, they are quite graphic, very upsetting and some violent, violent images coming from the route of the Boston Marathon. Our hearts and prayers are with the people who have been affected by the explosions there. Two explosions on the route of the Boston Marathon near to the finish line.","This is TALK OF THE NATION. Thanks so much for joining us. I'm Celeste Headlee."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The images being shown are very graphic and violent, and our thoughts are with those affected by the explosions","questions":"How were the images being shown?","answer":"graphic"}
{"text":["Over 700 people were killed this week when a stampede took place during the Hajj, the annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca. The sheer volume of pilgrims every year has led to problems before. In fact, over 1,400 people were killed in a similar incident back in 1990. This week, Iran and other regional powers criticized the Saudi Arabian government for poor management of the crowds that come to their holy places. Gary Sick is a senior research scholar at Columbia's Middle East Institute. He joins us now from New York. Thanks so much for being with us, Mr.  Sick.","It's a real pleasure.","What do you read into Iran's outspoken criticism of Saudi Arabia over these deaths?","This is very standard stuff. The Iranians and the Saudis have a running battle about the Hajj. And the worst incident they've ever had was actually back in 1987. In each case, they've blamed the Saudis. And in each case, the Saudis have blamed the pilgrims for misbehaving, for not doing what they were told. And on the previous case, the Saudis broke diplomatic relations with Iran over the incident. And that was only restored a few years later after Khomeini died."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  B: What do you read into Iran's outspoken criticism of Saudi Arabia over these deaths? (implied meaning: What do you think is the underlying meaning behind Iran's criticism of Saudi Arabia?)","questions":"What was the worst incident regarding the Hajj that PersonA referred to?","answer":"1987"}
{"text":["Oh, lovely to be here, Neal.","And everybody knows Frederick Douglass met with Abraham Lincoln at the White House, what, 35, 40 years earlier. What's the big deal about Booker T.  Washington coming to dinner?","Well, what happened was African-Americans were invited to meet in offices. They built the White House. They worked for the various presidents. But they were never ever invited to sit down at the president's table. And when that happened, the outrage was just unbelievable.","And you write that the outrage was not - it was about crossing that social line. Yes, you can talk to African-Americans, you can have relations with them, business dealings, all kinds of relationships but not sit down at dinner, not have a social relationship."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a deeper meaning or intention behind their words or actions, which requires further investigation or understanding to fully grasp.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue implies the need for further investigation or understanding?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["And the president did a victory dance in the end zone on Twitter after he was fired. He said Andrew McCabe being fired is a great day. He said he knew all about the lies and corruption going on at the highest levels of the FBI. Then what happened was even more significant because the president's private lawyer John Dowd released a statement saying that now that McCabe has been fired, he hopes that acting Attorney General Rosenstein will follow Jeff Sessions' lead and bring an end to the Mueller investigation. Now, at first, Dowd said he was speaking for the president when he issued this statement. Later, he backtracked, although it doesn't really matter.","Yeah. It's not news, though, that the president hates the Mueller probe. He's been pretty vocal about that on Twitter. Why is his lawyer statement so important?","It's important because it's a change in the legal strategy. Up until now, Donald Trump has always stopped short of saying something that could be perceived as an order to Rod Rosenstein to fire Mueller. He's always said, no, I'm not going to fire him. He's even said he looks forward to talking to him. Now it looks like they're opening a new phase, openly calling on the Department of Justice to shut down the Mueller investigation.","The Democrats have been pretty vocal. I've been seeing a lot of their reaction. Do we know what the Republicans in Congress have been saying or doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : President's victory dance is not an actual dance.2. President is happy about Andrew McCabe's firing.3. President's lawyer is asking for Mueller investigation to be shut down.4. President has been vocal on Twitter about his dislike for Mueller investigation.5. President has not given an order to Rod Rosenstein to fire Mueller before.","questions":"Which investigation is John Dowd hoping to bring an end to?","answer":"Mueller"}
{"text":["Let me go from pickles to apples and Poland because the agricultural minister apparently went on TV saying he thought Russia had broken international law with the embargo. And now they're asking the United States to purchase Poland's excess apples, which must be a lot of apples. Is Poland more exposed than, say, Germany?","On fruit, Poland is much more exposed than Germany. If you look at the exposure of countries - Poland on produce, Britain on finance, France has a big military order with Russia and there's a dispute over whether those vessels - those ships should be delivered. And for Germany, Volkswagen - those are the companies that are worried. So the food sanctions business doesn't hit Germany like it hits Poland.","Norwegian salmon - I guess there's also concern there too because even - there's only so much salmon even Norwegians themselves can eat and they need Russia's - that market.","Sure, and that's a big market for Norway. Fish producers in Britain are also very worried about it. But the countries say they will go on. And they also assert who's this going to hurt?If you read the Russian press, there is a view that sanctions against - or the reverse sanctions, as it were, by Russia against the European Union will actually help Russian producers. They say this is the chance for us to produce and to get our own markets going."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning is about how the countries are going to continue despite the sanctions, but the actual meaning is about how the sanctions could benefit Russian producers.","questions":"Which producers might benefit from the sanctions according to the Russian press?","answer":"Russian"}
{"text":["I'm not sure. I think, certainly, if the other leading candidate in the Democratic primary, Hillary Clinton, had won, she would also be generating a lot of interest. I think it's, at the end of a two-term presidency, you always get an upsurge anyway. But I think you're right. There's no doubt about it. These are historic elections. And for the same reasons that the American public have gotten so engaged in them, probably some of the same reasons are affecting foreign publics.","You know, there have been a lot of memorable phrases that have come out during this election. Maverick is one word that we've heard a lot, and what about lipstick on a pig?How do you explain that phrase, which seems particularly American, or lipstick on a pitbull?","What is fascinating is that, both those terms that you brought up, I know of cases where people here that work with me with journalists on a day to day basis have been asked to help. One was working with German press and the term Maverick and how could they, you know, where does that come from and so on. And we actually have a researcher that works here and can go back and find, you know, the roots of these different phrases. Even - I speak Spanish pretty well, and even lipstick on a pig, I wouldn't even try.","So, I don't know how they go about trying to kind of - I think they go through a longer two-paragraph explanation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Hillary Clinton would also generate a lot of interest.","questions":"What other candidate could have generated interest according to A?","answer":"Hillary"}
{"text":["Thank you.","What's your concern?Why did you write this letter?","America is an exceptional country, the best in the world. But we have our blind spots. And in our history, you'll see discrimination against Asian-Americans. We've had the Chinese Exclusion Act, Alien Land Laws and then, in World War II, we interned over 100,000 Americans who happened to be of Japanese descent. And recently, we have a number of Asian-Americans that have been arrested - indicted for alleged spying - and then having all those charges dropped. And this is a long history of discrimination. We want to make sure that this does not keep recurring.","Of course, as I don't have to tell you, it is a fact that Chinese hackers have been accused of stealing intellectual property from U. S.  businesses and breaching U. S.  government systems. That's a concern for you, too?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Of course, as I don't have to tell you, it is a fact that Chinese hackers have been accused of stealing intellectual property from U.S. businesses and breaching U.S. government systems. That's a concern for you, too?  The actual meaning of this turn is to subtly imply that the previous speaker (A) should also be concerned about the actions of Chinese hackers and their impact on U.S. businesses and government systems. It implies that the issue raised by A should not be seen in isolation but should consider the broader context of national security and potential threats.","questions":"What was the accusation against Chinese hackers regarding U.S. businesses and government systems?","answer":"Stealing"}
{"text":["I would like to say I have confidence because my experience at NBC with that network and with that company - overall very good. And I have - you know, I hold them in high regard. I do feel that if it was going to be thorough - and you want to find out how that behavior continued for so long unchecked, as they say - then you would have to go back to at least, based on my documentation - that it can go back to the year 2000. So for me, I'm not filing a lawsuit. I am not trying to bring any more shame to him. But I do think that if they really want to get to the root of how this was allowed to happen for so many years, then you would have to come to me and ask how it all started.","Matt Lauer has since released his first statement to The Post. What did you think when you read it?","I thought it was very defensive. I thought - I think he is still feeling sorry for himself. I think that it's really sad if he doesn't view what he did as coercive or an abuse of power.","Have you spoken to Linda Vester, the woman who's made the allegations against Tom Brokaw?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The behavior of the company should be investigated since it continued for many years.","questions":"How far does the documentation about the behavior of the company go back?","answer":"2000"}
{"text":["Hey, Farai. How's it going?","I'm doing great. So, we survived the election and we keep on trucking. What are folks saying this week?","Well, as you can guess, we got several letters reacting to Senator Barack Obama's White House win. Here are a few responses we got on our web site. Alisha Brown wrote: Tonight I thank my dad for never being home as a kid because he was always gone registering people to vote. White people have no idea what the kids of civil rights leaders feel right now.","Then Diana McClone(ph) chimed in on a Web discussion about Senator Obama's racial identity to say this: I don't care if the person I voted for is green with polka dots and three eyes. So long as they convince me that they have the better plan for our country, they have my vote."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Diana McClone believes that policy is more important than the candidate's appearance.","questions":"Which factor mattered more to Diana McClone, appearance or policy?","answer":"Policy"}
{"text":["Yeah, I've got a book going on, and I'm trying to work on some animation stuff. And, you know, and I don't need a crowd-funding campaign to do most of that stuff. It's just me and a couple cups of coffee at home on the computer. So I'm fairly low-budget with my needs at the moment.","Tell me a little bit about this book before we let you go. It's \"How to Tell if Your Cat is Plotting to Kill You\"?","Yeah. It's basically a collection of funny cat comics ranging from how to tell if your cat thinks it's a mountain lion. There is another one that will show ways to identify if your cat is a raging homosexual. So it's this kind of a mixed bag of weird cat. . .","News you can use, in other words."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A does not require much money to work on his book and animation","questions":"Which project of PersonA's does not require much money?","answer":"Animation"}
{"text":["Not so well now. We're expecting to have a peace completely after the election, but we still have a few problems here and there as far as human right is concerned. And there is also killings in some parts of the country, in the west, also in east. So, that's not good.","There are a lot of people who've used music to raise awareness about what's going on in different parts of the world. Why do you think people relate to music as a way of understanding and humanizing other people?What is it about music that's so special?","Music is very natural. We are born - our mothers sing for us. The community welcomes you with music, with singing. So, it becomes part of your being, of your nature. At the same time, when you cry, it's also like singing. So, it seems like singing and music is set of human being. So, when we sing, we cry, we shout, we just bring it outside. So, it's very natural.","And your family had a musical tradition, what was its like growing up?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"So, it seems like singing and music is set of human being. So, when we sing, we cry, we shout, we just bring it outside. So, it's very natural.\"","questions":"Which human activity does PersonB suggest is inherent to human beings in turn 2?","answer":"Singing"}
{"text":["If you ask the Tunisians in the streets what are their struggles daily, they will tell you economic problems. Tunisia is really facing tremendous challenges. We saw a decline of GDP per capita for Tunisians, which is unprecedented. Tunisians struggle in daily life. And then the currency is devaluating a lot. And so we are still really looking forward toward these elections if they could bring relief, economically speaking.","There are 26 candidates, more than even have run on the Democratic primary for president in the United States.","As surprising as it is. And I will tell you that in the beginning, there were actually about 90. But then only 26 made the legal requirements.","Are there any two or three who seem to be more prominent than the others right now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Tunisians are the average people that go to work each day.","questions":"Which country is facing economic challenges according to A?","answer":"Tunisia"}
{"text":["OK.  And do we know what happens next?I mean, what are authorities looking at next?What do they say they are doing in response to this?","Well, right now, they are - this incident is under investigation right now. The FBI is calling this murder investigation. The police chief is saying they are looking at capital murder charges for the suspect.","That is Reporter Monica Ortiz Uribe in El Paso, Texas, where she's been reporting on the events there all day. Monica, thank you so much for talking with us.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : looking at next in this context means the authorities are trying to figure out what will happen next","questions":"Which word describes the type of investigation conducted by the FBI in this incident?","answer":"Murder."}
{"text":["You know, let's just take a look at Los Angeles' demographics. You have people from incredibly wealthy to incredibly poor. You have immigrants, native-born people who've come here from other parts of the U. S. , people, of course, who were born here. How do you think L. A. 's demographics affect the need for public transportation?","Well, clearly there is a very serious need here in the region. We are very geographically dispersed in other words. We have suburbs that extend for miles in every direction. So the need for a broad-based transportation system that depends on a lot of bus service is particularly important in our region. Here in the downtown area, we do have a more extensive rail network that starts in the downtown region and then extends outwards.","But again, that's only the metro services. There are also Metrolink services and Amtrak services that serve more of the Southern California region. So there are lots of transportation choices here, and it would do people that are trying to save money well to look into these services.","Finally, is the federal government supporting the system at all?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Los Angeles is a diverse city with people from all backgrounds.","questions":"What kind of people live in Los Angeles?","answer":"Diverse"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me on.","I think a lot of people don't want to hear anything you have to say until I've asked you this question. Are you being used by Vladimir Putin?","(Laughter) No, I don't think so. When people look at this, you know, particularly with Russia in the news as much as it is, there's always this cloud of suspicion that's leveled against anybody who can be, in the most stretched way, associated with Russia. It wasn't my choice to be in Russia.","Most stretched way - you're living there in Moscow. You have been for six years."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is always people that are suspicious of those that are associated with Russia in any way, even the smallest way.","questions":"Which country is mentioned in the dialogue that people associate with suspicion?","answer":"Russia"}
{"text":["What makes a great building?","Well, what makes a great tall building is a building that stands out from the normal run of the mill stuff which is - which makes up most of the tall buildings that are being built in cities around the world. The four buildings this year that we've honored from each region are definitely breaking away from the norm.","Let's talk about - let me just remind everybody that this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. Let's talk about the Absolute Towers in a suburb of Toronto. These towers were named best tall buildings of Americas. They've been named the Marilyn Monroe Towers because of their sky-high curves. They're curvy-looking, yet they - the curves serve a function.","The curves do serve a function. And what's unique about these buildings is, again, against the backdrop of 99 percent of tall buildings being fairly boring rectilinear boxes, these are very curving organic towers, which look iconic and look incredible, but they serve a purpose."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Literally, the turn means that the Absolute Towers are unique because they are curvy and organic, and also serve a purpose. However, the implied meaning is that most tall buildings are not designed with both aesthetics and functionality in mind, whereas the Absolute Towers manage to achieve both.","questions":"Which tall buildings have both aesthetic and functional design according to the dialogue?","answer":"Absolute"}
{"text":["There is a famous case called the Kenneth Parks case in which he zones out and kills his father-in-law and almost kills his mother-in-law. After looking into his history, we find that he had a history of sleepwalking. And the case is referred to as homicidal somnambulism, meaning homicide while sleepwalking.","The Miami Herald profiled you this past week, which is where we heard about your class. And you had some advice for those of us fearing the coming zombie apocalypse. And I count myself among them. So how should we survive?","(Laughter) OK. So if a zombie apocalypse hits, you'll need food and water, shelter and, of course, ammunition to fight off the zombie attack. And the place that I can think of that would have plenty of it and a lot of space for you to move around is Walmart. So I often tell people, go to Walmart. Hunker down. And fight it out for as long as you can.","Eric Smaw, a professor of philosophy at Rollins College in Florida. Happy Halloween. And thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He is just trying to get people to laugh around Halloween by telling a joke.","questions":"Which holiday is mentioned in the turn?","answer":"Halloween"}
{"text":["Kevin Maguire's associate editor of the Daily Mirror and a long time reporter at Westminster. Thanks so much for being with us.","Pleasure, Scott.","Let's start with the Conservative line up. We hear a couple of names over here - Michael Gove and Theresa May.","Yeah, absolutely, Theresa May, the home secretary, the interior minister, is the favorite now after the shock withdrawal of Boris Johnson, the former mayor of London. He was the clear front-runner, but he pulled out after Michael Gove, the justice secretary who was his campaign manager, actually decided he wanted to run himself. And in the Conservative Party, which, of course, they're not just electing a leader, they're electing the next prime minister of the United Kingdom."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : implies that A is happy to be on the show;","questions":"Which word describes PersonA's feeling about being on the show?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["A crackdown this week on opioid abuse resulted in federal criminal charges against 60 people accused of illegally prescribing and distributing opioids. They include doctors, nurses and pharmacists. One even allegedly traded drugs for sex. That sting focused on Appalachia, one of the areas hardest hit by the opioid epidemic. It's a mostly rural area where access to health care is already a challenge for residents.","So we wanted to know about the impact of this crackdown on both addicts and people who rely on opioids to manage chronic pain. That's something Dr.  Stephen Loyd has been thinking a lot about over the last few days. He's based in Nashville. And he's the state of Tennessee's former assistant commissioner for substance abuse. He's also a former addict, and now works with addiction recovery programs in the Nashville area. Dr.  Loyd, thank you for talking with us about this.","Thanks so much for having me, Sacha.","More than half the people charged in the sting are from Tennessee, where you live. Seventeen of them are doctors. Give us some perspective on what happens when you remove 17 doctors and other health care officials from a rural area that already has a doctor shortage even if those doctors were doing criminal things?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implies that Dr. Stephen Loyd is a reliable source of information on the subject, and that they are asking him to provide insights on the issue.","questions":"What former position did Dr. Stephen Loyd hold in the state of Tennessee?","answer":"Stephen-Loyd"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Melissa Block. This week, Republican front-runner Donald Trump warned that there would be riots if Republican leaders reject him as the nominee, even if he's ahead in the delegate count. He was talking about the possibility of a contested convention. If Trump fails to get to the magic number of 1,237 delegates, things are going to get complicated - Byzantine even. And if you are an unbound or unpledged delegate - that is a delegate who can vote for whomever you want - you're probably about to get a lot of phone calls. Matt Micheli is one of those unpledged delegates. He's also chairman of the Wyoming Republican Party. And he joins us now from Casper. Welcome to the program.","Thank you, Melissa.","What does it mean to be - for you to be an unbound delegate?You're essentially a free agent, right, when you go to the convention.","That's right. We still represent the state of Wyoming and we - the results of what the Wyoming people want, I think, is what we will all try to do. But there's no law or no limits on who we can vote for at National Convention. We are free agents."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn (3) implies that being an unbound delegate gives a certain level of flexibility and freedom to vote for someone other than the candidate that the state's population has chosen. Although they will try to represent the state's desires, there is no law limiting their vote.","questions":"Which delegate has the freedom to vote?","answer":"unbound"}
{"text":["But when we compared Cain against other Republican candidates and looked just at people who were supporting Republican candidate, the racial attitudes predicted, strongly predicted preference for the white candidates.","But the test itself isn't a measure of racism.","It is definitely not a measure of racism. We are very clear to emphasize that this measure something that is perhaps unconscious, in any case most people are unaware of it, and it is possessed by a large of the American population, people who do not at all think of themselves as racist. And we don't think they're lying to us when they say they have egalitarian racial beliefs.","Why is it that they're out of touch with their subconscious?This is too big a question to ask, it may take years to answer for any, you know, any person. But do you have any guesses on that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) Implied meaning is that the test isn't necessarily indicative of racism, even if it appears to measure it.","questions":"Which measure is emphasized by PersonA in their statement?","answer":"Measure"}
{"text":["And that is how I developed as a scientist. I have - was so totally engaged in this, doing it at a more complex and maybe more sophisticated level, by the time I got to undergraduate studies that I never thought of ever doing anything else.","My last expedition, my last two, I did at the ages of 82 and 83. I went to the South Pacific with a team I led to explore new ant forms never before studied in the island of - of the islands of the Vanuatu Archipelago. It was rugged field work. And then I went to Mozambique to the national park of Gorongosa.","So I'm still doing the same thing but at a bigger - on a larger scale.","Talking with E. O. Wilson, author of \"Letters to a Young Scientist\". We'll be back with the rest of our conversation after this break. Stay with us. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"it was rugged field work\" implies that it was physically challenging field work in rugged terrain.","questions":"Which work was physically challenging?","answer":"Field."}
{"text":["So our school is actually majority minority, meaning we have a lot of immigrants and a lot of minorities in our school. And my school is very diverse, but also the administration, they do a very good job of accommodating to all of our needs. I don't say it enough in every interview, but my school is a great school. I don't hate my principal or any of the people in my school. I just think they made a mistake, and this is a learning opportunity for them.","So in the end, why didn't you just say, and remember, tomorrow is the first day for the rest of your life, have a great summer?","(Laughter) Why didn't I just give a generic speech?Because I feel like if change is going to happen, we are going to have to speak outside of the guidelines and we are going to have to break a few boundaries. What adults think that we want to hear at graduation is completely incorrect because all the graduating students that spoke to me afterwards, they were happy that I mentioned the names. And they were happy of the message I was trying to send to them because we have been living with these realities for a while. I'm not introducing a new idea at graduation when I say those names. I'm just remembering and paying respect and really making them understand the privilege.","What are you going to do now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The school is diverse despite being majority minority","questions":"What is the school's demographic majority?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Oh, man, so I actually called my employees and told them they don't have to come in the next day because it was going to be freezing. And I don't want. . .","Yeah. You're in the real estate business I gather, right?","I am in the real estate business. I'm a real estate investor. But as I laid there in bed about to watch some TV and have a glorious day, what happens is I got to thinking. And I told my husband - and I said, you know what?Let's go rent 20 hotel rooms. And he said, that's fine, but how are we going to get all these people to these hotel rooms?And so I went on social media and I posted, hey, I'm renting 20 hotel rooms for the homeless. If anyone has a van or a passenger van that will help me transport the homeless to the hotel, I'll pay you. And it went completely viral. It allowed us to go from 20 rooms to 59 rooms for four nights. And I'm at the hotel now, and there are still - people are just pulling up now trying to give donations to pay for more nights.","You've met a lot of the people that you've helped out, I gather."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : He is implying that she helps a lot of people.","questions":"What is the implication of turn 3?","answer":"Helpfulness"}
{"text":["If you want to talk about people, not governments, you'll find that the vast majority of Arabs in the Middle East and wherever else, they do support - not Hamas as an ideology or whatever, they support a people surrounded in a very small piece of land besieged, not allowed to leave, travel, import goods. That is what they support.","They sympathize with the people in general, be it Hamas. If we had Buddhist government governing Gaza, they would also sympathize with them. It's not really about Hamas or Fatah or whatever.","You said you were not a supporter of Hamas before. Are you now more favorably inclined to Hamas?","No, no, I wouldn't say that. I wouldn't say I am inclined to Hamas or any other party here in Gaza, but human beings by nature will probably go for the underdog. And at this moment in time, Hamas is the underdog.","So what do you think needs to happen on your side for the bombing to cease, for there to be another ceasefire?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Arabs sympathize with the people in Gaza, regardless of their governing party","questions":"Which people do Arabs sympathize with in the Middle East?","answer":"People"}
{"text":["OK.",". . . It's a big question.","OK. So it does seem that it's been reported that the president's advisers are at odds. His national security adviser, John Bolton, is hawkish, seems very skeptical about any negotiations with Iran while the secretary of state, Mike Pompeo, seems to want to de-escalate the conflict. Now, obviously, everyone should be very careful about committing troops to any conflict, so let's just take that as a given. But how do you interpret what's going on in the administration around this very sensitive and consequential issue?Some would argue that these things should have been worked out by now.","Well, as far as any discussion with regards to the military option - and there are four instruments of national power, primarily - diplomacy, information, military, economics. It's the dying principle that we follow here as a nation. I believe and many others believe that the military option anywhere at any time should always be the absolute. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"How do you interpret what's going on in the administration around this very sensitive and consequential issue?\" This question is not asking for a literal interpretation of what is happening but rather a more analytical and critical evaluation of the situation.","questions":"Which type of interpretation is turn 2 asking for?","answer":"Analytical"}
{"text":[". . . Strong title. What do you mean by that?","I think it was meant as sort of a nonpartisan way of talking about what's gone on in the confirmation process on Capitol Hill and how both sides have tried to put their thumbs on the scale and try and steer these judicial nominations in the direction they wanted. And so there is bias on it, and it's been bias on both sides, honestly. I know people don't like to talk about both sider-ism these days, but, you know, both parties have had a lot to do with how mucked up the process has gotten.","All right. Well, we'll get to that. But let's start with where you start in the book, where you talk about the importance of a decision that the majority leader Mitch McConnell made - Republican leader - made in February of 2016. What was the decision?","I think this was one of the most consequential decisions in American history, really, as it turned out. We didn't know it that night. But Mitch McConnell is on a - the Senate majority leader is on a vacation in the Caribbean. The news comes out that Justice Antonin Scalia had died. And Mr.  McConnell that evening decided that President Obama, with 11 months left in his term, would not get an appointment to the Supreme Court."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Both political parties have biased the judicial nomination process.","questions":"Which side has been biased in the judicial nomination process?","answer":"Both"}
{"text":["And some news from the art world now. The secretive artist Banksy is known for the political street art he paints in cities around the world. On Friday night, one of his paintings of a small girl and a heart-shaped red balloon just out of reach went to auction at Sotheby's in London and sold for almost $1. 4 million. But the room and, presumably, the painting's anonymous buyer were in for a surprise. I asked New York magazine's art critic Jerry Saltz to explain.","As it was being sold, and the hammer went down over $1 million, suddenly, it started to rumble and buzz, and the canvas sort of disappeared down into the frame and came out beneath it shredded. It was fantastic.","What was the reaction?","Well, I think people were horrified, amazed, shocked. The market is such a kind of dumb organism. People in the market buy what other people in the market buy. And suddenly, one of the things they are buying changed. So he pranked them. Maybe it is only a prank, but, God, it felt good."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The market is not the organism but the people that buy and sell are the organism.","questions":"What is the market?","answer":"Art"}
{"text":["Perhaps the most interesting part of it is the number of loose ends that we have. On one hand, Secretary Pompeo said there was no doubt Iran was responsible for the whole thing. And he listed a whole series of things that he said Iran had been doing, one of which was apparently an unknown militia in Iraq and the other was action by the Taliban in Afghanistan.","So maybe Iran really was responsible for the attacks on the tankers. But I think the fact that Pompeo chose to blame them for absolutely everything that's going on in the region that we don't like is a pretty good indication that the United States really is on a kind of propaganda campaign against Iran. But that doesn't solve the problem.","I was going to ask about the Iran side of this. So just, you know, for the sake of argument, what would Iran's motive be - if these attacks detected - what would be their motive?","As I say, I'm not doubting too much that Iran had a hand in this thing. Their motive is I think quite clear. We are in the middle of a signaling process that is going on. The United States is actually cracking down on Iran so that, basically, Iran not only can't sell oil. It can't sell its refined products. And, increasingly, Iran's closed out of international markets for just about anything that they produce."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Assuming that Iran is responsible for the attack.","questions":"How does PersonA think the United States is cracking down on Iran?","answer":"Cracking"}
{"text":["Well, it's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you.","Can you recreate for us in a sense, like our town does, a summer day at that house you loved?","Basically, people woke up as early as they could, as close to dawn. Everyone was kind of on their own once the kids got older and could take care of themselves to fix something for breakfast and start the day however they wanted as long as they were busy.","There was no television, barely a radio. And it would be tuned into very infrequently, generally when the Red Sox were playing. And all you got were scratchy sounds anyway. People were left to just, I guess, invite the outdoors into their hearts and their souls."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Literal meaning: A is thanking Scott for something. Actual meaning: The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning.","questions":"How did PersonA feel about what Scott did?","answer":"Pleasure"}
{"text":["Oh, thanks. We're professional seguers here at NPR.","You took my breath away there.","Well, speaking of age, though, you're - you play a geezer in this picture.","Yeah, but I'm the youngest in the cast.","Really, I'm the baby."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B is making a pun on the word \"segue\" which implies that they are being professional in making smooth transitions during interviews without interruption.","questions":"What word did PersonB use to describe their professionalism during interviews?","answer":"Segue"}
{"text":["It's a common complaint about poetry. It's the oldest form of expression, but what can it do for us now in an age of social media, Twitter, Facebook and national urgency?Poet Claudia Rankine's new collection, her fifth, has an answer. Its cover shows a black hoodie against a white background, recalling Trayvon Martin. And it's a very personal meditation on race in America. The book is called \"Citizen: An American Lyric. \"It was a finalist for the National Book Award. Claudia Rankine joins us now. Thank you, welcome to the program.","Good morning, Eric. Thank you for having me.","Before we chat, I want to give listeners a sense of your book. It reads like a series of kind of diary entries, so to speak, and an anatomy of encounters with perceived racism. I'd like you to read, if you would. Could you start \"You Are In The Dark\"?","Sure. (Reading) You're in the dark, in the car, watching the black, tarred street being swallowed by speed. He tells you his dean is making him hire a person of color when there are so many great writers out there. You think maybe this is an experiment, and you're being tested or retroactively insulted or you have done something that communicates this is an OK conversation to be having. Why do you feel comfortable saying this to me?You wish the light would turn red or a police siren would go off so you could slam on the brakes, slam into the car ahead of you, fly forward so quickly both your faces would suddenly be exposed to the wind."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B's statement implies that poetry is often seen as outdated and irrelevant in today's fast-paced world","questions":"What is the topic of Claudia Rankine's book?","answer":"Race"}
{"text":["Yeah, my mom was one of those moms that loved pretty much everything I did and encouraged me to do it and also just instilled in me a love for books and for reading. You know, she read to us all the time.","Yeah.","Yeah, just enjoying the ideas and the things that I did meant so much. And my dad was, you know, more critical, and I think maybe that balance was crucial, too. But I used to come home - Mom tells me I used to come home from kindergarten and I'd sit up on, you know, the kitchen counter and basically spend an hour telling her the story we heard, you know, from story time. And that's because she wanted to hear it, or at least, you know, gave me that impression. And I would - I just - I learned to tell stories and to, yeah, just enjoy that process of crafting a story for a person. And in that case, it was my mom. So yeah, I can't say enough about Mama.","It's funny because there's a cartoon that I've just turned to here that shows a couple of married couples chatting, and the wife in one of the couples says our son wants to be a comedian, so we're getting a nasty divorce."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"instilled in me a love for books\" - this means that the speaker's mother taught and encouraged them to love books, not that the mother literally implanted something inside the speaker to make them love books.","questions":"How did the PersonA's mother contribute to their love for books?","answer":"taught"}
{"text":["They have a really good chance. They could pick up as many as a half dozen or more seats. And this is incredibly important for them this year because we're heading into 2020, when there will be a census that will affect redistricting. This is how Republicans sort of got in the really good position that they were in. They won a ton of governors' races in 2010. They controlled redistricting in very important states. So they were able to draw congressional maps to their liking. You know, we've already seen good signs for Democrats when it comes to this. They've flipped a ton of state legislative seats. And so it's a good sign for Democrats. This map is really for them.","What states are you watching heading into this last month of the campaign?I mean, where are the really tight races?","So there's a couple of pickup opportunities for Democrats that look like really sure things - Illinois, New Mexico, Michigan. I say some of the really tight races are Florida and Georgia. Florida is always, you know, the perpetual swing state. Andrew Gillum was sort of the surprise nominee there. He's a progressive.","Yeah - African-American mayor from Tallahassee."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is the number of people voted in that are of a particular party, not an actual seat.","questions":"Which number is being referred to as important for Republicans to control redistricting?","answer":"ton"}
{"text":["Well, not necessarily the DNA. But the DNA is decorated with. . .","Right.",". . . chemical tags. And these are methyl groups, or carbon groups that can be added, or they can disappear to the DNA. And this modifies the way other proteins can interact with the DNA and transmit signals to lead the changes in protein production.","Which is - and which is how your muscles grow if you're exercising."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that exercising leads to muscle growth. The actual meaning is that the modification of DNA through the addition or removal of methyl groups is one mechanism through which gene expression changes, leading to physiological changes such as muscle growth in response to exercise.","questions":"What physiological changes can occur in response to exercise?","answer":"Muscle"}
{"text":["Might give them a viral moment on YouTube.","It could, indeed, give them a viral moment on YouTube. So that's part of the game that's being played. But what the Democrats are trying to do here is educate the public about what this president did and how he did it. And they've got a witness who has impeccable credentials. I don't think the Republicans are going to try to undercut this man. He is one of them. And he served his country. And he did this not because he was looking for a job. He did it because he thought somebody had to do it.","Well, let's get down to the prognostication part of this conversation. Robert Mueller has been pretty plain about how he doesn't want to testify and has nothing to say beyond the report. Do you support his logic?","Well, you know, there've been some very powerful commentary about his position. A former deputy solicitor general, deputy attorney general, a fellow by the name of Donald Ayer wrote a rather sharply worded piece kindly but clearly saying that Mueller had a duty to actually go beyond the four quarters (ph) because of what's happened. Attorney General Barr has tried to discredit his work. He's actually belittled his work. And as Ayer says, you know, this man's got to step up and defend his work and not be rolled over. I think he'll do that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : to be rolled over means to step aside and the narrator is suggesting that the man needs to defend himself.","questions":"What does the narrator suggest the man needs to do?","answer":"Defend"}
{"text":["We have what are called the three amigos. And the three amigos are Secretary Perry, again, Ambassador Volker and myself. And we've been tasked with sort of overseeing the Ukraine-U. S.  relationship.","ORDO\u00d1EZ: And mind you that all this is happening even as Trump and his officials are in the process of ousting the U. S.  ambassador to the Ukraine, who Trump recently called bad news.","What kind of reputation has Sondland built during his brief time as a diplomat?","ORDO\u00d1EZ: You know, in some ways, Sondland is kind of like Trump. He's a businessman. He made his name in the hotel industry. People I spoke to said he has kind of a similar brash personality - a wheeler, a dealer, someone with a lot of confidence. He's kind of a larger-than-life character. When he hosted an Independence Day celebration in Brussels, he actually brought in Jay Leno as entertainment."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Trump said the person is bad at their job and causes trouble to others.","questions":"What did Trump say about the U.S. ambassador to Ukraine?","answer":"Bad-at-job"}
{"text":["Look. The president attaches himself personally to stories. In terms of numbers, he touts a lot of numbers there. We tend to forget that even under Obama, three American hostages were returned from North Korea. Hostages from Iran returned. There were a lot of them. Except that never before had the president personalized it.","That's Mickey Bergman, vice president of the Richardson Center for Global Engagement. He was kind enough to join us here in our studios in Washington, D. C.","Mr.  Bergman, thank you for joining us.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : joining us implies being part of a program or activity and not referring to mixing or attaching people together ","questions":"Which phrase suggests participation in an event rather than mixing people together?","answer":"being"}
{"text":["The opposition and outrage over families seeking asylum being separated from their children at the border of the United States broke open this week. Laura Bush said, our government should not be in the business of warehousing children in converted box stores. President Trump did what he said he couldn't - sign an executive order to stop separations. But how long will that hold, and what will happen with those families who've already been separated?","Erika Pinheiro is an immigration lawyer with a group called Al Otro Lado, the other side. She joins us from Tijuana. Thanks for being with us.","Thanks for having me.","Have you seen a case where parents have been reunited in the United States?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The government of the United States is treating families seeking asylum inhumanely.","questions":"How did Laura Bush criticize the government's actions towards families seeking asylum?","answer":"Warehousing"}
{"text":["Well, I know that my name is on the cover, but the Library of America was at least an equal partner, if not more. Reggie Hui there went into the archives, and he found every single short story she'd ever published in the most esoteric, small, little magazines. And John Kulka and Reggie and I had multiple really long debates and conversations about which stories to include. There were many passionate speeches on all sides, particularly mine. And we ended up with. . .","(Laughter) Battles to the death, I'm gathering. Yeah.",". . . Battles. Yes. It was bloody, but it was also joyous because we're - all three of us - just super fans of Nancy Hale's.","I mean, people always ask fiction writers - as you would know better than anyone - how much of your writing, how much of your protagonist is you. And writers always say, it's fiction. You know, I made it all up. But you write that with Hale, it's - it actually really matters to know what her life story was when you're reading these stories."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : She is agreeing that they debated and making it humorous.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's statement about the debates?","answer":"Agreeing"}
{"text":["But this radicalization on the Internet is something that the FBI has been talking about for years, and it hasn't been licked. And clearly, this is an example of that since we know that the older brother, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, spent a lot of time on the Internet, on jihadi websites.","And again, if he says anything to the investigators before he's Mirandized, that is nothing they can use in a case against him. However, given the mountain of evidence - including this video that's been described to you - they may not need it.","Well, it's funny because depending on which lawyer you talk to, they will disagree with your first supposition; which is, that it's not admissible if you evoke the public safety exception. In fact, part of the reason for the public safety exception, instead of just talking to somebody without Mirandizing them, is that some of that information may well be admissible. But in this case, this is a bit of a slam dunk. They have video on this young man, and he's going to have a hard time saying that he wasn't involved.","NPR counterterrorism correspondent Dina Temple-Raston, with us here in Studio 42 - our very first guest in Studio 42. Thanks very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Given the large amount of evidence they may not need to mirandize him.","questions":"How may they not need to Mirandize him?","answer":"Mirandize"}
{"text":["Yes, they are in re-settlement areas. For example, in Mozambique you have 258,000 people, 90,000 of whom have been displaced over the past month or so. In Malawi you already have 700 cholera cases that have been reported. You have about 152,000 people who have been affected. So they are moving away from their home areas into re-settlement camps.","Let's move to Kenya in the east of Africa. The talks between President Kibaki and opposition leader Raila Odinga continue today outside of Nairobi and the negotiations are being mediated by former U. N.  Secretary General Kofi Annan. Since the post-election violence began in late December, more than 1,000 people have been killed and hundreds of thousands have been displaced. There are also reports of a wave of sexual violence against women who've been displaced by this turmoil. So Cassandra, what's going on here?","Since the violence after the disputed elections on December 27th, we're seeing that this situation has put women and girls at great risk of sexual assault. We know that always in situations of conflict women and girls are in danger. And in Kenya it is no different. We are hearing reports from Nairobi, from the Nairobi general hospital, that there may be as many as double the number of cases of rape within the days following the eruption of the violence.","And what we know is that for every case that is being treated or is being reported, there are many more victims who fail to seek help."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Many victims of sexual assault in Kenya are not seeking help or reporting the crimes.","questions":"How many victims of sexual assault in Kenya are seeking help or reporting the crimes?","answer":"Many"}
{"text":["You may have seen it. The photo has been everywhere on social media - a gunman, this week outside a federal courthouse in Dallas. It's one of those pictures that makes you wonder just how the photographer got it. The gunman appears to be only a few feet away from the camera, a military-style rifle in his hand. He's decked out in tactical gear, wearing a face mask with a hole for his eyes, and those eyes appear to be looking right into the camera.","Soon after the photo was taken, the gunman was shot dead by law enforcement. No one else was seriously injured. To hear the story of the photo, I spoke to the person who took it, Tom Fox of The Dallas Morning News. He told me about the moment he first heard the shooter.","There was about three quick shots. And at the time, it sounded like backfire.","Like of a car or something, you mean."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement from B implies that he was doubting how possible it was for the Photographer to have taken the shot while it appeared that he was so close to the Gunman.","questions":"Which person expressed skepticism about the photographer's ability to capture the shot?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Oh, it's kind of odd. Really, it's quiet. The streets are quiet. There's this wariness, though, that, you know, death could burst from the sky at any second. Obviously, this is something that Israelis are experiencing as well with rocket fire there. But here, there are no warning sirens. There's not an Iron Dome to intercept anything. The military strength of Israel is tremendously more powerful than the military strength of Hamas or Islamic Jihad or other groups here. In some cases, Israel does warn people about strikes. For example, I spoke to a woman this morning whose neighbor is part of Hamas, that that person got a phone call this morning to get out of the house. He alerted the neighbors. This is sort of normal. She burst into tears. Her husband said, don't cry in front of the children. She took the kids to a friend's. She went to work.","And a normal life continues in the midst of all this?","Well, in some ways, it has to. If you aren't right next to a rocket attack, you might not even know it happens - or close enough by to hear it. I did speak to a man this morning whose, you know, baby came two weeks early three days ago. And he had to take the baby boy to the doctor last night at night. He had to do it even though he didn't want to be driving around at night. So, yes, people do carry on as they can.","And briefly - we don't have much time - but there have been similar flare-ups like this in recent years. Is there any sense of what's coming next in this conflict?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: Is it possible to continue with a normal life despite the conflict?","questions":"What is the implied question about continuing a normal life despite the conflict?","answer":"Impossible"}
{"text":["We cannot tell each time because the publicly available data on Facebook is not - doesn't show you everything. But in many countries, like in Spain, it was actually pretty much two individuals running a coordinated network of pages to spread their message. One was a bit more publicly known. The other one was just, I think, a pensioner in some small island in Spain. And then we saw it all across. Like, it's very fringe-type, sometimes white nationalist. Again, we did not find much political affiliation - only in Germany, where even local and regional AFD politicians were involved in setting up fake and duplicate accounts and be friend with them. And that worried us, as well.","The AFD being that - the far-right party in Germany.","That's right.","Here in the U. S. , as authorities have tried to track disinformation across social media, a lot of the trail has led back to Russia. That's been very much in the headlines here. Did you find that in your investigation in Europe?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Individuals in Spain coordinated network of pages to spread their message","questions":"Which country had two individuals running a coordinated network of pages to spread their message according to the turn?","answer":"Spain"}
{"text":["Yes.","And how do you guys work?For example, on a song \"Don't Forget the Ghetto. \"How did you guys combine your talents to make that song?","Well, on that particular song, I mean, the song was already written. The lyrics and the melody, you know, was already there. In that sort of situation, Victor will listen to what I'm singing, and how I'm singing it, and the he will kind of start vibing off that, and start kind of coloring the lyrics and the melody of the song, and put in his, kind of, creative input into it. So that's really how that song came about. It was very much his song, and, you know, the melody's already there, and then Victor just kind of did his thing around it.","What's the song about?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is asking about the process of collaboration, not the literal combination of talents.","questions":"How did Victor contribute to the song \"Don't Forget the Ghetto\"?","answer":"coloring"}
{"text":["Thank you very much for having me.","And let me begin with the set up for a very old joke: How hot is it?","It's so hot, it's not a joke. That's how hot it is. It's - people always - people come out to me, though, and they ask me - since I've been here, they go, well, you must be used to this, right?I mean, you're from Africa. So, I mean, this must be - no, no. No, this is not weather. This is - I'm used to weather. This is an oven, and I'm not enjoying it. It's very hot. So barely surviving, but I'm glad to be here.","You are wearing a t-shirt that has the words nah mean(ph)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People assume that because the speaker is from Africa, they should be used to hot weather but they are not enjoying it.","questions":"How is the speaker from Africa feeling about the hot weather?","answer":"Not-enjoying"}
{"text":["Because they believe what the United States has done violates its WTO obligations. The United States promised, as part of a series of tariff negotiations, to limit its tariffs on steel to 0 percent duties and to limit its tariffs on aluminum to somewhere between 0 and 6 percent on average. And secondly, they're complaining because one of the other rules of the WTO is that you cannot discriminate as among WTO members. And, here, the United States is applying the steel and aluminum tariffs to some countries but not to Korea, not to Brazil, not to Australia, not to Argentina. So the other complaint is, at its core, that there's been discrimination against the EU, Canada Mexico and the other countries that are subjected to the tariffs.","Could this dispute turn into something more serious, depending on what the WTO rules?","Well, if it ruled, it would hear this complaint and figure out whether they agree or don't agree with the European Union or Canada or any of the challenges. And I think the chances that the WTO will decide against the United States are very, very strong. I mean, it's a very clear case of a violation. What will get tricky for the WTO is, what are they going to do about the defense that the United States intends to raise?","So that defense is national security, apparently?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : None . There's nothing in this that implies anything.","questions":"How did the United States violate its WTO obligations?","answer":"Violates"}
{"text":["So who is this father we're talking about?","Well, his name is Bashirul Shikder, and he's an American dad who is from Florida - lives in Florida. And four years ago, his two children - one of them was just an infant less than a year old - were kidnapped by their mother and taken to Syria, where she came to join ISIS. He's been trying to get his kids back since then. And then last month, he received the awful news that his wife had been killed in an explosion. His kids are injured with burns to their faces. So he came to Iraq. We followed him there, you know, next door to Syria where he was lobbying U. S.  officials to try to help, trying to locate these children who are somewhere in Syria.","Now it's been confirmed by - well, now multiple sources tell us - but I should say that it's not yet fully confirmed - that these two children and a half sister they now have are actually alive and still in Baghouz. Of course, the offensive on Baghouz has just started again, so this is really every parent's nightmare. What he is hearing is that the kids are there; they're being bombarded. But they're with a family who doesn't want to leave.","Wow. So this father might be watching U. S. -backed forces basically try to take out territory where his children might be still holed up somewhere."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn \"He's been trying to get his kids back since then\" is an example of a figurative language, as the father is not physically trying to retrieve his children but rather taking legal and diplomatic actions to locate and bring them back.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue is an example of a figurative language?","answer":"Turn1"}
{"text":["Yeah. Now, let me tell you. Again, people in Washington were saying, expedite these cases. Get them done in two weeks, for children who - I will never forget the images - who were sitting on a chair. Their feet were dangling. That's how small they were. And we were going to expedite these cases to have them tell a perfect stranger, in a language or a dialect they don't speak, about the trauma that they were experiencing in their home country, which required them to seek refuge in ours.","And so I got on the phone with managing partners from law firms up and down the state of California and said, let's get pro bono legal services to help these children who otherwise were not entitled to attorneys. All of that to say, one - I disagree with any policy that would turn America's back on people who are fleeing harm. I, frankly, believe that it is contrary to everything that we have symbolically and actually said we stand for. And so I would not enforce a law that would reject people and turn them away without giving them a fair and due process to determine if we should give them asylum and refuge.","We're in a world with 60 million refugees, and with every reason. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In this turn, the speaker is describing the difficult situation of children seeking refuge in the US and the unreasonable expectations placed on them to quickly share their traumatic experiences with strangers in a language they don't speak. However, the implied meaning goes beyond the literal description of the situation and suggests that the speaker is critical of the policy and decision makers who would put vulnerable children in such a position. The tone and choice of words such as \"expedite\" and \"perfect stranger\" convey a sense of urgency, frustration, and perhaps even outrage about the situation.","questions":"Which word in turn 0 suggests that the speaker is critical of the policy and decision makers who would put vulnerable children in such a position?","answer":"Critical"}
{"text":["Oh, no.","And I realized that she was checking to make sure it wasn't poisoned. It's the first time I ever lost it. And I found myself just talking through my teeth, saying, you know what?I don't give mind games, and I don't take them. You can take this coffee and drink it or you can throw it in the pot. And then she said to me, oh, honey. It was like she had to hear me at the edge of my capacity to believe it was me. And then she said, oh, honey, the fix I'm in, I can't trust the Lord Jesus Christ right now.","Oh.","I said, Nana, the fix you're in, you really can't trust anybody else (laughter). Like, this - it's not a fix."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"I can't trust the Lord Jesus Christ right now\" implies that A is in a serious situation and cannot trust anyone, which is not a good thing.","questions":"How was PersonA's situation described?","answer":"Serious"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah. And I'd like to say that this particular story, by the way, I'm kind of happy with the headline I came up with for that. I called it \"The Tasting of the Shrew. \"","We get it.","Uh-huh.","We Shakespeare fans."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The title of the story is a clever play on words based on the play","questions":"Which Shakespeare play inspired the title of the story?","answer":"Taming"}
{"text":["And the cable operators, the cable television news operations, CNN, Fox, MSNBC are going to in a tremendous competition to see which one of them can call it first, and that's going to pull the broadcasters over. So I don't think people in California can expect that the East Coast will not be talking about a winner, if there is a clear winner, before the polls close in California. Now, that isn't necessarily a good thing, I'm not trying to put a. . .","Right.","Put a happy face on it, it does make people in California feel angry to hear the race declared over hours before the polls close in that state. But because it's going to be on the Internet just about every where, and I suspect we'll start seeing it on cable television, it's going to be hard for the networks to resist the temptation to do the same.","Ron just quickly, there's been some last minute news. Senator Obama's grandmother passed away after a long battle with cancer yesterday. And a state personnel board in Alaska issue a report saying that Governor Sarah Palin didn't abuse her power, did not abuse her power, in the firing of a public safety commissioner. Do things like this, last minute developments like this, affect the race at all?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Put a happy face on it\" isn't literal, it means that 'A' isn't (going back to comment 1) trying to make it sound like it's not a problem.","questions":"Which phrase did 'A' use to convey that they were not trying to make the situation sound better than it actually is?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["He gave him something called Ward's White Drops which didn't do anything. The poor bishop died a few months later, and Dr.  Hunter was the one who performed the autopsy. And he collected the bishop's rectum for whatever reasons and he preserved them in formaldehyde. And when he started his museum, it became one of the main things on exhibit and it's still there.","Hmm. For - yeah, for all of us to take a look at.","Mm-hmm.","What made this an outstanding candidate?Just the story like that, for your. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The drops did not help the bishop's condition which eventually led to his death. Dr. Hunter collected and preserved the bishop's rectum, which became a prominent exhibit in his museum.","questions":"How did Dr. Hunter preserve the bishop's rectum?","answer":"Formaldehyde"}
{"text":["We also heard singer-songwriter Ben Harper on that track. He wrote most of the songs on this album. He produced it. How did you two meet?Why do you think you clicked with him?","Well, Ben had written me a song for one of my other albums - \"Livin' On A High Note. \"And that song was \"Love And Trust\"","(Singing) Do what you can. Do what you must. Everybody's trying to find some love and trust. I walk the line. I walk it for us. See me out here trying to find some love and trust.","I fell so in love with that song. And every time we'd sing it, the audience - they would just roar, you know. It turned out so well. So I - we'd been singing it for a couple of years then. I ran into Ben on the road. That's where we would always meet up - somewhere on the road. And I told him. I said, Ben, that song - you have got to write me another song. He said, well, Mavis, why don't I write you 11 songs?I said, why don't you do that?He said, let's make an album. I said, sounds good to me. You know, I said, I don't know if I could handle 11 good songs from Ben Harper. He said, oh, yeah, you can handle it, Mavis."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Mavis loved the song 'Love and Trust' so much that she wanted more songs from Ben Harper, which resulted in the album they made together","questions":"How did Mavis and Ben Harper end up making an album together?","answer":"Album"}
{"text":["Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn B: The actual meaning of \"Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK\" is that listeners can call in to participate in the conversation. The phone numbers are not meant to be taken literally as a topic of discussion.","questions":"What is the purpose of the phone numbers mentioned by B?","answer":"Participate"}
{"text":["And he says the Pakistani government helped conceal Osama bin Laden and set him up. That's not true?","I mean, the truth of the matter is it was hard for us to believe that they didn't know given his location. But in all of the lead up to the raid and in all the materials that we captured when bin Laden was killed, there wasn't a shred of evidence that the Pakistanis knew. So was there a suspicion that they knew where he was?Yes. But we never found any evidence to support that. And in the notion that they set him up is, I think, a fiction.","Robert Gates, the former Secretary of Defense, now president of the Boy Scouts of America, meeting at their annual convention this week in Atlanta. Mr.  Gates's memoir \"Duty\" is out in paperback this week. Mr.  Gates, thanks so much for being with us.","My pleasure, thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  A's turn is an example of an expression whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning of A's words suggests that there was a suspicion that the Pakistani government knew about Osama bin Laden's location, but no evidence was found to support this suspicion. However, the actual meaning is that there was a strong suspicion that the Pakistani government knew about bin Laden's location, but no concrete evidence was found to confirm this suspicion.","questions":"What was the actual meaning of PersonA's turn regarding the suspicion of Pakistani government's knowledge about Osama bin Laden's location?","answer":"Confirm"}
{"text":["They have indeed, but not through Jordan, as far as I know.","And you talked about hedging your bets. Doesn't that risk putting your bets on the wrong side if, indeed, the rebels do topple, which from what you say, the regime believes is only a matter of time. Why don't they put their bets on - with the opposition?","That's a debate that is actually going on inside the country today. As I said, 82 percent of Jordanians are with the uprising, not all of them, however, are with any military intervention against the Syrian regime. This is a very sensitive issue in Arab politics, to be seen as actively working militarily against an Arab regime. Still, as I said, the sentiments of the people in Jordan, not all of them, but the overwhelming majority of them, are with the uprising. And the country, I would expect, the government, will probably have to change its position as developments move. It's a fair question to ask. You know, one day, we'll be able to do so. There are many who have asked the government to take on a sort of a clearer position on the Syrian crisis than it has so far.","How porous is the border?If people wanted to operate across it clandestinely, would they be able to do so?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Hedging bets may not be a wise decision and the rebels may win. Regime may be wrong about the outcome","questions":"How does PersonB express their concern about PersonA's strategy regarding the rebels?","answer":"Risk"}
{"text":["Exactly.","At the same time, she's this very sassy character. And, you know, so many of the characters here are very, you know, just sexy, kind of contemporary figures. And there's a joie-de-vivre about this, and even though she touches on a lot of heavy themes, including race and patriotism, there's a certain sass to this. Is that what attracted you to her work?","Well, I was astounded at her work. I was actually looking for something else in her cartoon that is in the late '40s. Most of her cartooning was done in the late '40s and early '50s. This one year of '37 was kind of a little different thing.","I was looking for evidence of a doll. I knew that she created a doll, and I thought I could find some evidence of that in her cartoons. And then yeah, I found the doll, but then I went on to see all of the different topics that she took on, and that got fascinating."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  A's turn does not contain any figurative language. The speaker is expressing their genuine reaction to the artist's work.","questions":"What was PersonA looking for in the artist's cartoon?","answer":"Doll"}
{"text":["He kept the Colombian restaurant's painting of a traditional Latin American market scene with a tiny cross perched on the archway. It dominates the whole hall.","So this is the story. In Islam, you can't remove a picture which has a cross in it. That was my wife's understanding. She - that's what she gave me to understand. And she said, don't ever remove this. And then this restaurant became very lucky for us. We - from being hand to mouth, we became self-sufficient. So this proved to be a lucky painting. Plus, this was a colorful painting, and this was all we could afford at the time. So we want to keep it, and we want to keep that cross as long as I'm alive and kicking.","It's a sign of how so many communities have built Houston into what it is today - influencing each other, melding into something unique. Lashkari has applied that to the dishes he serves. His signature chicken curry, cooked in huge metal pots in his sweltering, fragrant kitchen, is made with Mexican tomatillos and cilantro. It's incredibly delicious. And we ate that along with the best saag paneer, a spinach and cheese dish, that I have ever tasted.","We do a lot of fusion right now. This restaurant is famous for its fried chicken. It's fried the Southern way, but it's - the chicken - the raw chicken is marinated with Indian spices. My white gravy is made with cashew nuts and almonds and coconut. So it looks like a white gravy of the chicken-fried steak, but it's totally different."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Lashkari has applied that to the dishes he serves... His signature chicken curry, cooked in huge metal pots in his sweltering, fragrant kitchen, is made with Mexican tomatillos and cilantro. It's incredibly delicious. And we ate that along with the best saag paneer, a spinach and cheese dish, that I have ever tasted.\"  The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not simply describing the food and its taste, but also highlighting the diversity and cultural fusion that has contributed to Houston's unique culinary scene.","questions":"What dish did the speaker praise as the best saag paneer they have ever tasted?","answer":"Saag"}
{"text":["That may be the case, but - I don't have foresight in the future, that could very well be the case. But what we do know now is that there has been a precipitous decline in Harlem's black population. And that decline has taken place over the past two decades, and the main issue has been one of affordability as it is in other inner-city areas - inner-cities across the country. Harlem just mirrors that.","Let me return to one point that you made in terms of certain historical facts. About Harlem never having been a black community, or even built by blacks. Well I beg to differ with that. And Ms.  Suggs really does not have a grasp on her history. We know from the 1600s that the Dutch arrived in Harlem with slaves who helped to build Harlem. That is from the 1600s because we know about the Harlem Reform Church of the 1600s. And just recently, because of the 125th Street rezoning - a major public policy issue that will change the physical landscape of Harlem - we have in one of the public-mandated environmental impact statement the acknowledgment of an African burial ground which is at 125th Street east of Second Avenue from the 1600s.","So blacks have always had a presence in Harlem. They built Harlem, and so their investment - the historical investment - of blacks in Harlem certainly did not begin with the great migration or the Harlem Renaissance. Blacks' presence in Harlem, their - the building of Harlem certainly precedes that and into the 1600s.","Here's my final question. I have less than a minute for your answer. When a neighborhood gentrifies and it becomes more mixed racially and class-wise, is this more about race or about class?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Harlem has always had a black presence, with blacks helping to build it since the 1600s.","questions":"Which minority group helped to build Harlem in the 1600s?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["OK, it's getting there. It's close.","Look - peaks are holding. Peaks are holding. OK. So let's scoop this out. We're going to make two. OK, what I'm doing here is I'm making a divot because that's where our egg yolk's going to go, but first we want to bake this for three minutes.","And we're going to put the salt on now?","Yeah, we can do it now. Sprinkle it to taste. And you know what?Let's do some cheese too because cheese is good."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Preparing divots for egg yolks and baking for three minutes.","questions":"What are they making a divot for?","answer":"separating"}
{"text":["The Rough Riders were a unique volunteer regiment that was formed in the first days of the Spanish-American War. At the time, the U. S.  military was really small, and they needed to bulk up really quickly. So the U. S.  Army went out and recruited cowboys, athletes, people who you could train pretty quickly. And a lot of it was the brainchild of Theodore Roosevelt.","It was his particular idea of who was manly enough to be in a regiment with him. Is that fair to say?","Well, it was - he - yes, he did a lot of the vetting himself. And it certainly was a lot of, yes, his conception of what it meant to be manly. And so you not only had a lot of people from the West but also a lot of Ivy League football players. The No. 1 and the No. 2 tennis player in the country quit tennis to join, and that was the kind of thing that he loved.","Were these celebrities in some cases?","Yeah, they were. They were celebrities in the sense that they were the children of the tycoons and the kind of lords of the Gilded Age, the sort of people who grew up in Newport and Fifth Avenue and had names that resonated for a public that, you know, much like today, they know who has the money, who has the power."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Theodore Roosevelt had specific ideas about what made a man manly","questions":"How would you describe Roosevelt's conception of manliness for the Rough Riders?","answer":"Manliness"}
{"text":["The flu hits with the regularity of seasons. But it's hard to know when it will peak, and how it might spread. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention want to forecast yearly bouts of influenza the way that meteorologists predict storms. So they've set up a contest every two weeks through March, in which competing teams submit predictions for when the flu will peak and how intense it will be.","Mark Dredze is a professor of computer science at the Johns Hopkins University. He analyzes social media data, to try to learn about health trends. Professor Dredze, thanks so much for being with us.","I'm happy to be here.","So how do you use social media to make a prediction on a medical matter?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  implies a respectful and grateful invitation to Professor Dredge to join the show, while ","questions":"What is the profession of the person being invited to join the show?","answer":"Professor"}
{"text":["It has.","Get out.","The time has flown. And you are flying. You are flying across the ocean. You are leaving us.","Great segue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A certain amount of time has passed by surprisingly quickly","questions":"Which element of nature is PersonA's response referring to?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Well, Secretary Kerry has been talking about this idea of a transitional government. It's kind of - if you remember, back in January they tried a ceasefire that was disrespected by both sides because it told people to stop fighting. It didn't address why they were fighting, which was to control the government.","So now there's a conversation that Kerry's having with both President Kiir and over the phone with the rebel leader, Riek Machar, saying, OK, you guys need to sit down and discuss a transitional government that will include both tribes, but - at least we're reading between the lines here - probably not include either of you guys. Now, whether he can get that across might be possible. The U. S.  does have a lot of power in this region. But it really does depend on these two sides sitting down.","Greg, the U. N.  special adviser says there's, quote, \"the risk of genocide. \"That will make a lot of people wonder if we're on the verge of another Rwanda or Bosnia.","One very chilling account was before the recent massacre in Bentiu. Rebel commanders were said to have used a local radio station to tell men to commit acts of rape against women from the ethnic opposition. That reminds people of Rwanda. The true fear - and this is already happening - is that this hate speech will blur the line between civilian and combatant."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The implication of this turn is that Kerry is trying to get the two sides to agree to a transition government that will not include either of them, despite their protests and desires.","questions":"What is Kerry trying to get the two sides to agree to?","answer":"Transition"}
{"text":["Absolutely. Well, all right politics isn't everything. It just seems like it sometimes. So what else is going on?","Magic Johnson found himself in the center of news again, unwillingly. As most people know, he retired from the NBA after contracting the HIV. But two Minneapolis radio hosts had some fun at his expense. So here's a clip of that.","Unidentified Radio Host #1: What about diseases that are eminently treatable and you can live with for a long, long time quite healthily if you just get some drugs.","Unidentified Radio Host #2: Like Magic Johnson. Like Magic with his faked AIDS."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : politics isn't everything implies there are other important things in life","questions":"Which topic does turn 1 of the dialogue introduce?","answer":"Magic_Johnson"}
{"text":["Well, we have shared the coordinates of health facilities, school facilities and so on for the very purpose to make sure they're protected. Sadly, several of these facilities received a direct hit. Actually, the secretary-general has called for a board of inquiry to investigate into these cases and to find out what had happened.","For us, it's a question of trust, and it's a question of protection when we say - when we give these coordinates, we expect that all parties in the conflict will respect them. And when that doesn't happen, that's really a significant problem for all and, most importantly, for the people who find themselves - that we have had incidents of ambulances receiving direct aid. Hospitals, doctors, nurses would be in the middle of an operational procedure or who had gone to this place for medical treatment and to find themselves being bombed inside the hospital or children in the school. That's something that is really totally unacceptable.","Panos Moumtzis is the United Nations humanitarian coordinator for the Syria crisis. Thanks so much for being with us, sir.","Thank you for calling me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Facilities that were supposed to be safe places were bombed. ","questions":"What did the secretary-general call for?","answer":"Investigate"}
{"text":["So this will help the basketball players and then also the track events. But the good thing is obviously with these developments - the wheelchairs (unintelligible) through the people, you know, everyday people that use wheelchairs, and it will mean it's more lightweight for them to lift, say, in and out of vehicles.","And some of this stuff then filters in back to the general public.","Yeah, I mean, and that's a great thing, you know, the flow sort of from elite to high street, as we refer to it, is great. So you start seeing that, for example, with push bikes. We see a lot of that now available, helmet design from bikes, you say that. Swimwear is another thing that we see a lot of technology flowing into the high street.","Let's talk about swimwear because there was a kind of swimwear that was used and is now banned, and something new is taking its place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"something new is taking its place\" - The literal meaning of this statement is that something is being replaced by something else. The intended meaning is that a new type of swimwear is being introduced to replace a previously banned type.","questions":"What is taking the place of the previously banned swimwear?","answer":"Banned"}
{"text":["And tell us a bit about the ocean bed.","It's a bit rockier than the Rockies. It's that sort of terrain. The location they're looking at is at the foot of a huge mountain. That mountain rises about three and a half kilometers. That's about two miles up from the sea floor. So it's on a really quite steep terrain. We don't know whether the seabed there is muddy, silty - in which case things can sink into the seabed - or whether it's rocky. We've got better maps of the moon's surface for this area than we do of the seabed itself. So, you know, if someone said to you, this is on the moon, we could tell you what the terrain was like. We don't really know what it's like here. We don't have detailed maps.","I have a lot of respect for the Royal Australian Navy, but has anybody ever been able to pick up something this deep in the ocean before?","The technology is there, but it's rare. And there isn't - there aren't that many vehicles that can operate at these sorts of depths."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"It's a bit rockier than the Rockies.\" This phrase is a figurative expression, meaning that the ocean bed is rocky, like the Rocky Mountains, but not necessarily to the same degree of rockiness as the mountains.","questions":"How would you describe the ocean bed according to A?","answer":"Rocky"}
{"text":["Governor, let me have you answer your own question. Why are fewer businesses being created?","There are a combination of reasons behind the reduction in business creation. One is that we - like any enterprise - and government is an enterprise - we've had more and more kind of red tape. And sometimes that bureaucracy is excessive and makes it harder for people - the successful employees in somebody else's company - makes it harder for them to take a leap and start their own business.","But I also think a big part of it is we have a consolidation of just two or three companies dominate that industry, right?There - 84% of all the hardware sales are from two companies. So starting a neighborhood hardware company is almost out of the question. People don't think they have a chance.","The question of whether or not certain companies are monopolies has come up again and again throughout the course of this campaign. Would you break up the big tech giants - Facebook and Amazon - as Elizabeth Warren has said she would do?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Red tape and excessive bureaucracy make it hard to start a business.","questions":"What is the reason behind the reduction in business creation?","answer":"Red-tape"}
{"text":["That poem is called \"A Flower Song For Maidens Coming Of Age. \"It was written in 1440 before European contact in Mexico. And it's from a collection of Mayan poems - extraordinary. Tell me about why this poem resonated for you. It describes a moon ceremony.","It was such an important revelation to have come across this poem. I cried. I cried for two days - the whole week because, as you know, colonization basically eradicated all of our written documentation in the Americas. All of our traditions have been passed down through word of mouth. But to have written documentation that women have been honoring the moon and celebrating their bodies and their transitions, their milestones in this way, I really felt like my ancestors were watching over.","And you wrote in the afterword to this book that you really wanted young women to find their own way to connect with their roots. Why?","Well, I think it's important for any person, really, but young girls in particular who come from marginalized communities to find their - not only their roots but the meaning and the legacy of wisdom and power that comes from those traditions. And Celi, because she's bicultural and multiracial, she has all of these beautiful intersections happening that I really tried to play up in the novel because I wanted children that are just like Celi, who are multiracial and bicultural, to see themselves and their hybridity in all of its beauty and all of its power."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The person implies that they cried all week. Actually they are just implying that they were emotionally affected for days by the poem.","questions":"Which emotion did the person feel for days after reading the poem?","answer":"emotional"}
{"text":["Well - and now they'll get $25 million, right?","I guess.","NPR's Ina Jaffe, thanks so much for being with us.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning of turn 4 is \"You are welcome and appreciated for joining us and discussing the topic.\"","questions":"What is the actual meaning of turn 4?","answer":"Welcome"}
{"text":["Now, the Russian government doesn't get many chances in this context internationally, on the global stage, to do the right thing. I have been criticizing the Russian government while I am here. What more can I do to satisfy you or any of these critics who hold these positions?The reality is there is nothing that will satisfy them because it is their suspicion, it is their skepticism, it is their distrust of the Russian government as an institution which is motivating this.","I mean, do I have to detail for you the ways in which the Putin government has earned (laughter) some suspicion?","No, no. Absolutely not. Again, I agree with you. This (laughter) - look, look; this is why I have been criticizing the Russian government. There's no distance between us on that. I'm not saying Vladimir Putin is an angel. I'm not even saying Vladimir Putin is a decent guy. What I'm saying is you have to understand there doesn't need to be a quid pro quo here for it to make sense.","Edward Snowden. Elsewhere in the program, he talks about his work at the NSA before he leaked classified information and tells us what's keeping him from returning to the U. S.  to face trial."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The information was told to others when it was not supposed to be told.","questions":"What information was not supposed to be told?","answer":"Classified"}
{"text":["But there are an unestimated huge number of them that are already in circulation and, one would presume, if they were to be outlawed, an underground market. I mean, does the bump stock just go far enough?","Well, I don't know. I mean, look, I think most Americans do support an individual's right to own a firearm. I certainly do. Now, the issue then becomes, you know - I don't think it's practical to suggest that we could have some kind of gun confiscation movement in this country. There are just probably hundreds of millions of firearms that are owned privately.","I wasn't suggesting that. But I mean, what about limiting the number of weapons or rounds that can be contained in a magazine, which used to be the law.","Well, that's a debate we will likely have. Some states have moved in that direction. But I would suggest that the other issue that many of us are talking about, too, is continuing to enhance background checks for the purchase of private sales of firearms. That is an issue that many of us are advancing. Pat Toomey and Joe Manchin advocated for legislation a few years. I had strongly supported it. Now, I don't want to suggest that, you know, enhancing background checks in any way would have stopped what happened in Las Vegas. From what I've learned so far, I mean. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Is it possible to limit the number of weapons or rounds that can be contained in a magazine, which used to be the law?","questions":"What is the issue that many lawmakers are advancing to enhance for the purchase of private sales of firearms?","answer":"Background"}
{"text":["No. It's a tie right now at 50\/50, which does make it rather tense. But there is no sign yet of a third Republican turning against DeVos. And if it's a tie on the floor next week as we expect it to be, that will be broken by the president of the Senate, who is, of course, Vice President Mike Pence.","A CNN-ORC poll out yesterday gives President Trump a 52 percent - 53 percent disapproval rating. That's the lowest of any new U. S.  president since polling began. Does this make some Republicans in Congress rethink their support for his policies?","No, or at least not yet, not at this point. After last year, we need to remember polls are just polls. And besides, Donald Trump is still very popular among Republicans, and Republican members of Congress care first and foremost about their own voters.","I have to ask you about this finally. The president chose the national - the White House prayer breakfast to unload on Arnold Schwarzenegger, former governor of California, the man who succeeded him as host of \"The Apprentice. \"The president said, they hired a big, big movie star to take my place. We know how that's turned out. The ratings went right down the tubes. It's been a total disaster."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implication: By attacking Arnold Schwarzenegger, the President was actually expressing his own insecurities and dissatisfaction with the fact that he was replaced on the show.","questions":"How was the President's attack on Arnold Schwarzenegger perceived?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["Now, there are a handful of things we know about the narrator of your book, Alice Hare. She's a philosophy graduate. She's adopted. She has complicated relationships with her adoptive and her birth relations. And she is obsessed with a slightly older woman, a Japanese writer called Mizuko Himura. So could you sort of pick it up from there?","I think you're totally right in saying that she is completely obsessed with this older woman. And I think part of the reason why that happens is because her own story is very dim. And in place of any sort of certainty about who she is or where she comes from or what her own origin story might be, she starts to fixate on this woman who, for her, is this mixture of some parallels that she perceives between them, but equally quite a lot, I think, of wishful thinking and this sort of imaginary bond she assumes them to share.","Now, Alice's relationship to Mizuko in real life is a creation, right?I mean, she's done all this research. She's googled all over the place.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Alice has done a lot of research, but the actual meaning is that she has done a lot of research to build a relationship with Mizuko in her imagination. ","questions":"Which aspect of Alice's relationship with Mizuko is a creation?","answer":"Creation"}
{"text":["That could be jeopardized?","Well, certainly the people putting forth these plans don't think it would be. What they want to do is change Medicaid from a guaranteed benefit to a block grant to states. So a state would get a fixed amount of money from the federal government and decide for itself how to spend it. The idea is that states know their needs better than the feds, and this would give them flexibility.","What critics of this idea worry about is, what happens in an economic downturn when demand on Medicaid goes up?They say states could be left with a sort of Sophie's choice. Do you cut back on services for poor children or for the frail elderly?","I know we've talked about Medicare and Medicaid. Are there proposed changes that would affect older Americans who might buy their own health care coverage?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) Implied meaning: Is this plan risky? ","questions":"What is the concern regarding an economic downturn and Medicaid under the proposed block grant system?","answer":"Services"}
{"text":["How embarrassing. How. . .","I love how you mention the head rag because it's like. . .","Exactly.","In my family, it was like - it's a disgrace to the race when you leave the house with your head rag."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Wearing a head rag is seen as a negative reflection on the race.","questions":"Which item of clothing is considered a disgrace to the race, according to PersonB's family?","answer":"Head"}
{"text":["They knocked on the door once. And they knocked - barged into his fifth-floor flat and found the two of them in bed together. So that was the impetus to get a case of adultery against my mother.","Helen was forced to give baby James up to be raised by John Graham, who then divorced her. Father Sullivan was dragged back to his religious order. Graham says Sullivan spent the next 16 years being quote, \"rehabilitated\" at what was known as a priest prison in Essex, N. Y.  Can I ask you, when you look at the church now and that it took so long to get this answer, what do you think about the way this was handled?","Well, it was handled poorly because they could have told me from day one, yes, your Father Sullivan's son. And I have some documents that show my father had a relationship with a woman. Other documents they said were purged. And I believe those documents were about me. They didn't have to put me through this emotional trauma of exhuming his body. It's just terrible.","Now that you have your answer, what's next for you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He was forced to go back to the church under protest and resistance from himself.","questions":"How was he sent back to the church?","answer":"Forced."}
{"text":["And how much room would you need to store all the information in the world?","So we - I did a quick calculation the other day on the back of an envelope for that one, and I think you could do all the information in the world in one and a half cubic meters. So it would sort of go in the back of your station wagon, I guess.","Wow, I'd be careful about where I was driving if I had. . .","It would be really heavy. It would be bound to the suspension."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : how much room means how much space is there","questions":"What did PersonA do on the back of an envelope?","answer":"calculation"}
{"text":["Yeah.","I love salt.","You didn't see that coming. (Laughter) You love salt.","I totally didn't.","That's an essential mineral."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A: \"You didn't see that coming.\" - This phrase is often used figuratively to express surprise or unexpectedness, rather than referring to literal visual perception.","questions":"How did PersonA use the phrase \"You didn't see that coming\" in turn 2?","answer":"Surprise"}
{"text":["So Robert Mueller testified. The House adjourned. And yet, the idea of impeaching Donald Trump lives on.","It lives on. And as you said, it is inching forward. I was checking this morning - NPR has an impeachment tracker where we've been tracking every member that comes forward for impeachment - and it's now at an even 100. Although, I should say that before Robert Mueller testified, it was at about 95. So we haven't exactly seen a big groundswell of impeachment following his testimony. I think the Congress reflects, right now, where the country is - there's a bunch of people really for it, a bunch of people really against it and not much moving in one direction or the other. The Congress is largely stuck on the question of impeachment.","How do you think this six-week break will change the dynamics of the situation?What do you think Democrats and Republicans are going to hear from their constituents?And is that going to change how they act when they get back here?","It's really interesting because August recess can be funny things. You know, we do sort of see groundswells sometimes that happen when members are home. Remember; the Tea Party movement in 2010 really started to rise up during the August recess when members were home. I don't think we're going to see something like that along the lines of impeachment, but I do think you would have to see a groundswell of a public opinion change or Democrats going home and realizing that this is not what their constituents want. We don't know the answer to that question yet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The ground does not swell but a great many people join together for promoting a cause.","questions":"Which word describes a large gathering of people for a specific purpose mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Swell"}
{"text":["You note when Turkey failed to prosecute this man and then your office did prosecute this man that you became a kind of social media hero in Turkey. You got a huge following. Apparently. . .","Yeah. Completely undeserved. As I said, other people had done the work. But I became a symbol. And I say, look, the prosecutors are not saviors. They can't solve everything. It takes an involvement from a lot of other people. It just happens to be the case that it's very easy to put, you know, their hopes and hatreds both, sometimes, in the figure of a prosecutor.","Are people putting too much faith in Robert Mueller?","People should have a lot of faith in Robert Mueller. I have a ton of faith in Robert Mueller. I think, you know, he is not a deity and he should not be put on a pedestal, but there's no one I can think of in the country who could have done this job as honorably as he's doing. And even he has been attacked and dragged through the mud and false accusations made about him. What I'm saying is he's just a lawman acting by the book trying to do what he thinks is correct with a band of really, really smart, I think, honorable people around him."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People should not put too much faith in any single person or institution to solve all of their problems.","questions":"Which advice did PersonA give about putting faith in individuals or institutions?","answer":"Not-excessive"}
{"text":["The charges are wire fraud, aiding and abetting and lying to the FBI. Now, the Department of Justice called this a brazen bribery scheme in a letter that came out today with the indictment. According to them, it involves a wealthy businessman, two of his associates and, as you mentioned, Robin Hayes. He's a former five-term congressman and currently still as of this moment leads the state Republican Party.","The indictment lays out in some very specific detail what amounts to an effort to gain favorable treatment from the state Department of Insurance. And allegedly the businessman, this man named Greg Lindberg, offered millions of dollars to the state insurance commissioner. His name's Mike Causey - the commissioner - who is also an elected Republican. And what they wanted - the business folks - in return were looser regulations and some control over personnel within the state Department of Insurance.","How did the alleged fraud come to light?","Well, according to federal prosecutors, it was the insurance commissioner himself, Causey, who had just been on the job for a few weeks, maybe a month or two who came to them in 2017. He had concerns about what he perceived were illegal campaign contributions, and he agreed to cooperate with them if there was an investigation. And of course there was this investigation. And it's unclear exactly what mechanism was used, but there are direct quotes throughout this indictment - phone conversations, in-person correspondence. So a lot of what is alleged to have happened in this conspiracy appears to in some form or fashion have been recorded."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The insurance commissioner reported concerns about illegal campaign contributions and cooperated with federal prosecutors to investigate the alleged fraud.","questions":"Which commissioner reported concerns about illegal campaign contributions?","answer":"Insurance"}
{"text":["As someone who has worked for so many years to promote human rights in Afghanistan, do you feel this in your gut?Are you optimistic that this peace can hold?","I yet do not trust the promises the Taliban make. I'm worried about my little girls, two of them, and their future. But also, I'm optimist about the fact that Afghanistan is a different country.","You think Afghanistan is a place where your two daughters can have a happy, successful life.","As a nation who have suffered for a large number of years, our country and our people deserve peace and stability and to move on. However, this is the time that we make a commitment that we would fight for the rights of our people, including the right of my two little girls. And that's why my focus is to make sure that the peace process is not rushed; we take enough time to develop the details of a peace agreement that ensures and guarantees the freedom that I want for my daughters."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker's emotions and thoughts are being explored in order to gauge their optimism and trust in the peace process.","questions":"What is the focus of the speaker in ensuring freedom for their daughters?","answer":"Rights"}
{"text":["And we start today's program with an Easter Sunday tragedy in Sri Lanka. Coordinated bombings this morning killed more than 200 people and wounded hundreds more. The explosions happened in churches and in hotels popular with tourists. NPR's Lauren Frayer has been monitoring the situation from Mumbai, India, and she joins us now on the line.","Hi, Lauren.","Hi, Sacha.","Could you tell us what more you know since this morning about these bombings?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"what more you know\" - This turn literally means \"what additional information do you have,\" but it implies that the person being asked already has some information about the bombings, so it is asking for further details.","questions":"Which word implies that the person being asked already has some information about the bombings?","answer":"Already"}
{"text":["What does it mean to put your hat in someone's ring?Does it mean that you are, for example, trying to lead your constituents that you're trying to lead other people, who are a part of the Congressional Black Caucus or part of Congress?What exactly does you putting your chips on the table mean?","For the past 20-something years, I have been putting out a sample ballot. And if people don't get it at the time that they think they should, my office is inundated with calls. You know, through the media, through your sample ballot operation, I let people know what's on my mind. And I try and let them know why I'm doing what I'm doing and then they make their decision.","Congresswoman, I've had a chance to come to your offices in South Los Angeles and you have a multi-racial coalition of staffers - black, white, Asian\u2026","That's right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Putting your hat in someone's ring\" is a figurative expression that means expressing interest in joining or supporting someone's cause or campaign. The literal meaning of putting a hat in a ring does not convey this sense.","questions":"How does \"putting your hat in someone's ring\" differ from its literal meaning?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["And then we have a Congress who just passed a bill knowing full well that this was the most likely outcome, and they chose not to even try to stop it. But now that the bill has passed, the shutdown has been prevented, the government has been funded, the president can come out and say he's going to do this now. And you have people saying that we're shredding the Constitution, that this is the end of the world, that we need to act, that we need to stop something.","Well, the time to act was before you pass a bill to give the president money to fund the government. The time to act - if you want to force a vote on this, if you want to force Republicans in the Senate to go on record if you're a House Democrat, for instance, then you put language in the bill saying the president can't use national emergency powers to build a wall.","You mean senators - well, we could list their names - Susan Collins.","Right. I mean, don't vote for a bill that is going to make something that you think is really damaging to our country, to the Republic, more likely to occur. Just don't do it, No. 1. No. 2, actually go out and try to put things in the bill to prevent the thing that you think is so damaging to our republic from happening."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Congress passed a bill despite the likely negative consequences.","questions":"How did Congress act despite the likely outcome?","answer":"Passed"}
{"text":["It's always right to do right. And I basically was in it because I feel the Lord had me in it. It was a work of righteousness which was a work of God. And that's - I think that's why the movement can't be killed - 'cause it's the work of God.","We asked Bishop Woods to take us upstairs at the A. G.  Gaston Motel to the room where he recalls talking to Martin Luther King.","We went upstairs to go to his room.","The stairs of the Gaston are scuffed from rain and time. The windows are boarded. The rooms are bare and dark. It's a little like looking into the wreck of a great, old ship and trying to imagine the people who are now gone and the way they changed our lives."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"It's a little like looking into the wreck of a great, old ship and trying to imagine the people who are now gone and the way they changed our lives.\" The literal meaning is that the scene being described is similar to looking at an old, abandoned ship and trying to imagine its history. The actual meaning, however, is that the scene is nostalgic and evokes a sense of loss for the people who once occupied the space and made an impact on the speaker's life.","questions":"Which feeling does the scene described in turn 3 evoke in the speaker?","answer":"Loss"}
{"text":["Seems that this year, more Americans are making their electoral preferences known from the hereafter. Katie Falzone is vice president for operations at Legacy. com. They host obituaries for newspapers and funeral homes. She joins us now from the studios of WBEZ in Chicago, where, of course, deceased Americans can always vote. Thanks very much for being with us, Ms.  Falzone.","Thank you, Scott.","So has this really stepped up this election year.","It definitely has. I recently pulled some numbers from our site and found, you know, over the course of the past few election cycles, we've seen a huge increase. So the first year I looked at was comparing June to June numbers for the 2003-2004. We only had five references to political candidates in obituaries. This year, 119."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The increase in references to political candidates in obituaries suggests that more Americans are making their electoral preferences known from beyond the grave.","questions":"What does the increase in references to political candidates in obituaries suggest?","answer":"Electoral"}
{"text":["Investors are ecstatic about central bankers working there. Listen to this, the German DAX Index up about 10 percent, the French CAC 40, up more than nine percent. Now, they are both measures like the Dow 30, which on Wall Street jumped 500 points in the morning.","In Britain, Prime Minister Gordon Brown put $65 billion of government money into three British banks. NPR's Rod Gifford is in London. We're going to him. Rob, hello. I think that people are saying it is this British plan, the so-called British plan that seems to be may be spurring a little bit of a recovery around the world. What is the British government doing, and what does it want in return?","Well, as you say, Alex, Gordon Brown is getting a lot of kudos from this, because he was the one who put this plan forward last week. What they're doing, as you say, is to put a lot of government money that is taxpayer's money, $65 billion worth of it, into three British banks into order to - they hope - free up the bank to bank lending, and the whole crisis of confidence that has struck British banks as it has done elsewhere.","In return - some very important conditions they want in return. Right upfront, leaders of these banks that have got into trouble must step down. Bonuses are being frozen for other executives who stay on and crucially, the demand that these banks maintain mortgage lending and small-business lending at 2007 levels, levels of last year."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Gordon Brown's plan is earning him praise, but it involves using taxpayer money to bailout three British banks and impose conditions on the banks in exchange for the money.","questions":"What are the conditions imposed by the British government on the banks in exchange for the bailout money?","answer":"Step"}
{"text":["One last, I think, pretty blunt question we've got in 40 seconds left - why is President Trump more critical of Alec Baldwin than he is of Vladimir Putin on this week when Putin shows an animated video of Russian missiles smacking Florida?","I, you know - I think if you look at the President Trump style with ISIS as an example - he doesn't like to tip his hand. He was critical of the last administration by declaring departure dates, and so forth and things going on in the Middle East. And I think he's been tougher on Russia and Vladimir Putin than any other administration, at least the last two.","Really?","And so I would say, stay tuned to that. He's pretty predictable in that way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : President Trump is more critical of Alec Baldwin than Vladimir Putin despite Putin's provocative action.","questions":"How did President Trump react to Putin's video of Russian missiles smacking Florida?","answer":"Ignored"}
{"text":["\u2026of the entire family. And you've got the ability to sit from that distance and observe natural behavior.","You know, there have been stories written about park rangers and others who have very strong personal connections to these animals. I know that some of them have named them. How does that come about?","Well, the park rangers, in my opinion, are the real heroes of mountain gorilla conservation. They are the guys who are out on a day-to-day basis, doing the work of conservation. And in the case of D. R. C. , they are risking their lives. We probably have lost 120 to 150 guards over the last 15 years in the Congo. And I think it indicates the kind of courage that these guys have, putting their life on the line, protecting animals that they have worked with on a day-to-day basis or, in some cases, decades.","Are there other animals that are also endangered in that area, especially as a result of the finding, in addition to the gorilla?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In the literal sense, (3) describes park rangers as individuals who work in the conservation of mountain gorillas, and who risk their lives for that purpose. However, the implied meaning of (3) is that park rangers are selfless heroes who are dedicated to their work, even if it means putting their lives at risk. ","questions":"Which animal is endangered in the area besides the gorilla?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Their main achievement was that they submitted documents to the United Nations, formally joining the Paris climate agreement. And on the occasion President Obama said that some day we may see this as the moment that we finally decided to save our planet. President Xi Jinping, meanwhile, called on other countries to follow their example. Now, a lot more countries still have to formally join this agreement for it to take effect. But the U. S.  and China submitted their documents ahead of schedule, and this just means that the commitments that these countries made in Paris can be put into action that much sooner.","This is the first time China has hosted this summit. Does it have a goal in mind as to why it's doing it?","Well, first of all, you know, by hosting this for the first time, to many Chinese it really marks the first time that they've had an equal seat at the rulemaking table since World War II. They feel that they're now the world's second-largest economy, and they want a say that's commensurate with that status. So far, a lot of the rules have been made by the Group of Seven or Group of Eight industrialized nations. China has not been a part of that, and they want a more equitable system represented by the G-20 that does a better job of taking into account the needs of developing nations like itself.","Do we know what's on the agenda?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: What topics will be discussed at the summit?","questions":"What was the question asked by \"B\" in turn 3?","answer":"Agenda"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Good morning.","What does Oklahoma want?","Well, I mean, really, they're looking for funding. They're looking for as much money as possible, as quickly as possible. I talked with Oklahoma Attorney General Mike Hunter, and he's the one who brought the lawsuit. And he told me that taking these companies to court is really the only way the state can fund opioid treatment. I mean, you've got to keep in mind that Oklahoma has the second-highest uninsured rate in the nation. The state hasn't expanded Medicaid. State legislators have really slashed public health funding in recent years. So add on top of that the huge opioid addiction crisis, and you've got very few facilities, and they're almost always full.","So I'm thinking this through from Johnson & Johnson's perspective. I guess if you're a business, you want to kind of get your liabilities, you know, in a predictable - into a predictable place, which might help explain why a couple of other big companies, pharmaceutical companies, settled their lawsuits with the state of Oklahoma. But Johnson & Johnson is going ahead. Why did they not settle the way that other companies have?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Oklahoma wants funding to help opioid treatment due to lack of support and high addiction crisis","questions":"Which state has the second-highest uninsured rate in the nation?","answer":"Oklahoma"}
{"text":["Winston Churchill, we always have to quote him once in a while, right?He said that jaw-jaw was better than war-war. And no matter how awful the war of words may get, it's only serious, really, if it leads to real war. And if North Korea is truly a nuclear power now, any thought of a military solution is somewhere between horrific and unthinkable.","And the Mueller investigation's widening?","We do see more evidence that the Mueller investigation thinks it has some kind of goods on Paul Manafort, former campaign chairman for Donald Trump. He also seems to think he can use whatever he has on Manafort to pry loose more stuff on other campaign figures. Is this going to reach the president himself?At this point, that does not seem to be indicated. But this probe is going to continue and get a lot more uncomfortable for the president before it's over.","NPR's Ron Elving. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Winston Churchill, we always have to quote him once in a while, right? He said that jaw-jaw was better than war-war. And no matter how awful the war of words may get, it's only serious, really, if it leads to real war. And if North Korea is truly a nuclear power now, any thought of a military solution is somewhere between horrific and unthinkable.  In this turn, the implied meaning is that engaging in diplomatic discussions and negotiations (\"jaw-jaw\") is preferable to engaging in armed conflict (\"war-war\"). The speaker suggests that although verbal conflicts can be intense, they are not as severe as actual wars. Additionally, the speaker implies that considering a military solution in the context of North Korea's nuclear power status would be extremely dangerous and should be avoided.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about a military solution for North Korea?","answer":"Unthinkable"}
{"text":["That's one of the projects, yeah, that I followed in the book. Can we build a limb that is basically indistinguishable from a natural arm?So if you're missing an arm, you get this new prosthetic that can sense and move and operate like a natural arm. And that's typically ambitious, and they call that DARPA-hard. Let's try something that just seems completely insane, totally, you know, crazy ambitious. And in that case, they didn't get there. They didn't quite get to that point, but they did get a lot of these technologies in motion for controlling a robot with mind power alone, for instance.","Yeah. How do they ensure that they keep getting new cutting-edge thoughts inside of DARPA?","That's one of the challenges, and that's one of the reasons I was able to write this book, too, because they need to get the word out. They need to find people out there who've got these ideas, who want to pitch them to DARPA. Or come to work for DARPA as a program manager because DARPA program managers, they all leave. After two to six years, they're gone. Their expiration dates are printed on their ID badges. So they've got this turnover, 25 percent every single year.","And they also have a deadline, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : DARPA needs to constantly recruit new talent and ideas to maintain innovation.","questions":"What is one of the challenges faced by DARPPersonA in maintaining innovation?","answer":"turnover"}
{"text":["So Leslie, what about some splurge wines?","Well, I think in this economy, splurge is a relative term. So what I like to do is tell people to think about makeovers. For example, if they are thinking about spending $100 on a bottle of great champagne, that's wonderful. You can go out and buy Dom Perignon, certainly. Dom Perignon Rose, for example, would set you back a couple hundred dollars. But think about sort of switching that out with another wine. For example, Chandon in Napa Valley is part of the same company that produces Dom Perignon from (unintelligible) in France, and they do a gorgeous wine called Etoile, and it's about $40 for a sparkling wine. So now you've splurged and gotten one of California's best sparkling wines, and it's by the same company that ultimately makes Dom Perignon. So now you've splurged but saved yourself a little Christmas money as well.","Leslie, thank you.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Splurging on expensive wines can be replaced by trying out other affordable, yet equally delicious options.","questions":"Which word describes the alternative to splurging on expensive wines according to Leslie?","answer":"alternative"}
{"text":["I mean there's no logic to what he does. There's no way to anticipate what he's going to do. Often, what he ends up doing defies logic, defies everybody's expectations, defies explanation.","When you hear this from people who've been around the president, is there a but anywhere?Do they say, I love this man, but?","There used to be. Remember - so I've done - this is my second book. This is effectively a sequel. I've spent the last three years pretty much non-stop talking about Donald Trump. And there used to be buts. There are no buts now. I might make a reservation for some of the most sycophantic people around him. But even they, if you push them a little, get to the vile and ludicrous pretty quickly.","I'm thinking of a description attributed to a former senior White House official, Steve Bannon, describing the president the United States and the president of Russia, Putin and Trump, quote, \"two narcissistic, cult leader-type presidents. Both had populist talents, yet both were ultimately out for their own benefit. \"And then a key line here, I think - of the two, Putin was the far cleverer one. It sounds like even Steve Bannon, who did so much to promote the president's career, doesn't seem to think he's very bright."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Even the most sycophantic people around the president think he's vile and ludicrous.","questions":"Which people think the president is vile and ludicrous?","answer":"Sycophantic"}
{"text":["Well, social networks and blogs have moved ahead of personal emailing among the most popular online activities. This is according to the Nielsen Company, which monitors consumer behavior. And they say time spent on these social networking sites is growing three times faster than the overall Internet rate. And they say over two thirds of the world's online population now visits social networking and blogging sites. But the issue now is how to fund these sites, right?","Mm hmm.","So, like Facebook, for example, has a huge audience, a growing audience but has very relatively little obvious advertising compared to a site like MySpace, which is cluttered with ads but have seen their audience flatten. So, it's a catch 22 for some of these sites.","Well, speaking of social networks, a hugely popular site, YouTube, is having issues overseas. Tell us about that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is a bad idea either way for the social media companies.","questions":"How do the social media companies fare in terms of advertising?","answer":"Bad."}
{"text":["You've been working, as we mentioned, on the Voyager mission since its genesis. What has kept you with this program all that time?","Voyager - well, Voyager is science. Science is about discovering things, about understanding what's around - what our neighborhood is like, what the universe is like. So as a scientist, this has been a wonderful journey because, especially during the encounters with the giant planets, every day there were a flood of discoveries. Next day - more discoveries. So as a scientist, this has been an incredibly wonderful mission to have been on. And even today at great distances, Voyager is still doing things no spacecraft has done before and still presenting us with puzzles that we are trying to sort through.","They are still on a voyage. Where are they now?","Well, this was a mission - we had a four-year mission to Jupiter and Saturn. We had two spacecrafts so that we would have a high probability of at least one succeeding on its four-year journey to Saturn and, of course, both have succeeded and exceeded by a great amount."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"exceeded by a great amount.\" - actual meaning: the spacecrafts have surpassed their original mission goals and continued to function well beyond their expected lifetime.","questions":"How were the spacecrafts after their original mission goals?","answer":"Surpassed"}
{"text":["Both the trains slowed. I was standing there with my bag over my shoulder, ready to jump. It was windy. It was cold. It was kind of getting dark. And so they finally lined up the cars correctly, and I was told to run across the loose rocks and jump on to the other train.","The conductor on the other train pulled me on to that car. Once I was onboard, another conductor came through the car, and she said to me, don't get up when we get to Milwaukee. What I heard from her was don't get up, or I will kill you. I did not move the rest of the trip.","So I get to Saint Paul. I'm looking for my brother. He's late. So he gets there, and I ask him, why were you late?And he says, well, I checked the train schedule, and it said it was running behind. Oh, that was because of me.","A travel nightmare with a happy ending from Anne Fleury in Milwaukee. Send us your stories, please. Go to weekendeditionsaturday@npr. org. Click on contact. Put Travel Nightmare at the top of your message."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The conductor was warning me not to get off the train when we arrived in Milwaukee or there would be consequences.","questions":"What did the conductor warn the speaker not to do in Milwaukee?","answer":"Off"}
{"text":["Their arteries expand. They become these little reservoirs of fresh blood, so that even if the arteries get pinched off, they have access to oxygenated blood while their heads are turned. And they, of course, they need this. They have huge, you know, brains and eyes.","Right. Right. Yeah. So it's a great video. If you want to know how an owl does this, we have the whole thing right there. It's our Video Pick of the Week up there on our website at sciencefriday. com. Also it's up there on YouTube in our SCIENCE FRIDAY YouTube channel. You could watch it there.","Absolutely. Go to YouTube or SCIENCE FRIDAY or download our video podcast and you can take SCIENCE FRIDAY videos on the go.","There you go. And it's made by Flora Lichtman, who is now our correspondent and managing editor for video. Congratulations on your appointment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Owls have a special anatomy that allows them to turn their heads far.","questions":"How do owls maintain access to oxygenated blood while turning their heads?","answer":"reservoris"}
{"text":["I would never have imagined an Ebola epidemic going at this pace because all the prior epidemics - some 20 outbreaks since 1976 - have occurred in isolated, rural areas and been primarily a handful of family members co-infected coming into a medical facility, and then the medical facility itself became the amplifier of the infection.","But this one has broken all the rules. So for the first time, we really see classic, urban, person-to-person spread in Monrovia, in Freetown and in Conakry. It has also crossed borders. So we have three countries with three different sets of policies and skills levels. And it also hit countries that had been through two of the most brutal civil wars in modern history, civil wars that pitted clan against clan, village against the village so that as this began to unfold, it unfolded in an atmosphere of deeply embedded distrust to give us the worst Ebola epidemic in history.","Laurie, what about those people that think that this might be tragic, but it's on the other side of the world, got nothing to do with us?","I don't think there's many serious voices saying that sort of thing anymore. This week, when the Security Council convened and voted on a resolution related to the Ebola epidemic, it was cosigned by 130 other nations making it the most strongly-supported resolution in the history of the United Nations. One key element of that resolution is declaring that Ebola now represents a national security threat for every nation on Earth."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In (2), the speaker is responding to the idea that the Ebola epidemic is not relevant to people who are not directly affected by it. The speaker notes that the epidemic has spread to multiple countries with different policies and levels of expertise, and that the affected countries have a history of deep-seated distrust and conflict. The implied meaning is that the Ebola epidemic is a global issue that affects everyone, not just those who are directly impacted.","questions":"Which epidemic is being referred to as a national security threat in turn 3?","answer":"Ebola"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . And they're called casseurs - breakers. They love to smash windows. They love to tear stuff up. And actually, the interior minister said that Marine Le Pen - that's the far-right leader - sent out far-right, you know, hooligans to cause havoc. So she, of course, denies that. But in every demonstration in France, these young men - they wear hoods, and they love to come out. So there's definitely that element.","And I've been talking to people out here. You know, a father had his 6-year-old daughter out here. He's not out there smashing things. So they're angry. They feel like their march is being taken over. But I can hear them screaming, Macron resign, way up, chanting in the crowd. So yes, people are causing, you know, damage and havoc, but there are regular people who are just angry.","NPR's Eleanor Beardsley on the streets of Paris. Eleanor, thanks very, very much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : elements in this context is something that causes something else, or something that can help something, in this case its asthma","questions":"How is asthma related to the dialogue between PersonA and B?","answer":"Unrelated"}
{"text":["From what we can tell, they've donated from - I think it was over a hundred countries in terms of geography. It just sort of struck a nerve across the world.","Why do you think that is?","I think a big part of it was that Tesla as a man is sort of someone that a lot of people, maybe, sympathized with because he's kind of a geek at heart. He's sort of this unsung hero, and he did all of these wonderful things for us and didn't really get much credit during his career. So with this sort of crowd funding campaign, it was almost an opportunity for the world to make it up to him.","What drew you to getting involved?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Many people sympathize with Tesla and want to support him.","questions":"Which famous inventor?","answer":"Tesla"}
{"text":["You know, you've been criticized on both sides of the aisle, as they say now. I think some scientists are saying: Why did you publish - why didn't you publish it in legitimate, peer-reviewed journals first?","Oh, we're following the - I mean, we're following the tradition of science, which is that you distribute this widely to your peers before you publish it. Jim Hansen does the same thing. He puts his papers online. This is a tradition in the field.","Peer review means you present results in a public forum, you distribute pre-prints. Most of my important papers were widely distributed to other scientists far before they appeared. It's the best kind of peer review.","And you challenge anyone to come up with a better explanation."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Oh, we're following the - I mean, we're following the tradition of science\" - The actual meaning is that the speaker is defending the decision to not publish in peer-reviewed journals by saying it is a common practice in the scientific community, even though it may not be the best practice.","questions":"Which practice is the speaker defending in their statement?","answer":"N\/A"}
{"text":["Yeah. That - yeah.","OK. I mean, this is the kind of thing that's kind - it just amazes me that we didn't know the answer to this. But apparently there was, you know, a study about a hundred years ago, and some people thought that maybe there was an oil on the legs of the spiders. And then other people didn't believe that and thought that the spiders just avoid the sticky parts of the web because it does - it turns out that not the whole web is sticky. I didn't know that, but just the spiral part is the only sticky part of the orb web. The structural lines. . .","So the spokes are not sticky.","The spokes - right, not sticky."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : none","questions":"Which line of the web is the only sticky part?","answer":"Structural"}
{"text":["I think it's a story that can stick with you for many different reasons. If you leave a film, if you put down a book, and there is something that you didn't know before or something that has informed you about the world you live in that you care about but you didn't know before - if you can walk away from any kind of story with that, I think that's the goal of storytelling. I believe this is a film that does that.","And so that's what I love about this film - is it really has moved people. And it's become more, I think, socially important today than it was when we made it. There's been a lot more attention being given to Indigenous and Native American people within our country since we made the film. And there is also this whole epidemic that every day, we're learning more about men in power and sexual assault. And those are what this film is about in a very specific story.","Elizabeth Olson, speaking with us from Atlanta. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The literal meaning of (4) is \"Thanks for having me.\"  The actual meaning is \"Thank you for the opportunity.\"","questions":"How did PersonA express gratitude in turn 3?","answer":"Thanks"}
{"text":["What's the word that comes to your mind when I say Miles Davis?","Blue. I mean, (laughter) is that lame?I mean. . .","No. Not at all. And I think there's this aura to this album. And it is about blue. And it's also about the other word I was thinking of, which is cool. You know, when we talk about the 1950s - bebop, which had come out of the '40s, has really reached a sort of maturity. And bebop is all about frenetic tempos and, you know, this real sort of virtuosic mastery. Miles Davis cut his teeth on bebop. But with this album, he really makes a concerted effort to move in a different direction. And so he brings all this space and openness and these kind of languid tempos and creates a mood. It's no secret why people love it. It just feels good.","All right. One of those guys who played on that album was John Coltrane. He also put out a classic album in 1959. Let's listen to a little bit of the title track from \"Giant Steps. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Miles Davis' album creates a mood that people love.","questions":"How does Miles Davis' album make people feel?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["Good to be with you, Linda.","So we've got a ticket, at long last. What is Governor Pence's contribution?What does he bring to the table?","He has three things that Donald Trump lacks and needs. He has the trust of most social conservatives. He has a long history of working with other party leaders in Washington. And he has good relationships with the kind of Republican donors who have been shying away from Donald Trump up to now.","Which sounds sensible, conventional and not at all like Donald Trump."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implies that the qualities Governor Pence brings to the table are sensible, conventional and different from Donald Trump's.","questions":"Which word describes the qualities that Governor Pence brings to the table according to B?","answer":"conventional"}
{"text":["Well, it just occurred to me in the last few months that what I do is almost like a drug for me. If it's not there on some nights when my instrument is not working correctly like I want it to, or the sound isn't right, or the audience is heckling me, or somebody's not happy, it's almost like I'm not getting that fix that I need. And it is kind of the biggest drug in my life is taking music to people, in a way.","So, Lalah, you have a bunch of different sounds on this CD, and let's talk a little bit about the song, \"One Mile\" which has a little bit more of a hip-hop, R&B edge.","(Singing) Bring me all around the world, Tell me I'm the only one. I believe you love me so, Wondered how you let me down. Tricky how you said the words, Didn't even feel disturbed. You're my one and only girl, Those are only words I heard.","So, when you think about the story telling, and this sound, how do you cross-pollinate them when you put together something like this song?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker feels the need to perform music to feel complete.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the effect of music on their life?","answer":"Complete"}
{"text":["Everyone has to be themself. In West Virginia, you can't just transform yourself. You can't be something you're not. You know, West Virginia, we'll shake your hand, look in your eye. We'll see your soul. We know if you're fooling us or not. Forget about having a D or an R by your name. They're thinking, oh, now, just because you're Republican, you're going to win. People in West Virginia still vote for the person. So they still know I'm still Joe. I've been Joe from day one. I was born Joe. And I'll die Joe.","One of the things that we've seen, specifically in red states where Democrats have done well, is that they haven't spoken about the president. They've distance themselves from discussing President Trump. I mean, your state is a state that Trump won by more than 65 percent. I mean, will you be discussing the president?","Let me say this - in 2012, Mitt Romney beat Barack Obama by 35 percentage points in West Virginia. I won by over 20 percent. That's a 55, 60-percent swing. So, people in West Virginia will pick the person.","So no discussing the president?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They see a person's personality and the deepest part of their character.","questions":"Which state has a reputation for looking deep into a person's character?","answer":"West-Virginia"}
{"text":["Well, there have been reports - I mean, certainly the separatist commander that we spoke to today said that they, in fact, are moving westward. There have been some reports of fighting in a village not far from here. But the large-scale offensive that sort of seemed to be happening earlier in the week has slowed for now.","And anything about a Ukrainian fighter jet being shot down?There were some reports this week.","Yes, this is the third jet in recent times that has been shot down. And in this case, the Ukrainians claim it was some sort of Russian missile launcher that brought it down. There's been no response from the Russian side. Of course, the Russians deny there are any Russian troops here at all. They say if anyone's here, they're volunteers. And, in fact, the commander that we spoke to - the separatist commander who claims he's from Odessa - says that they have some volunteers, but these are a very tall or short people. A one-eyed sniper was one person that he referred to and said these are not people who would be serving in the Russian military.","NPR's Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson, thanks very much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning is different from the literal meaning in turn (3). When A says \"these are a very tall or short people. A one-eyed sniper was one person that he referred to,\" they are not literally referring to people who are only tall or short or have one eye. Rather, they are using these descriptions as a way to suggest that the volunteers mentioned by the separatist commander are unconventional and perhaps not what one would expect to see in a typical military unit.","questions":"Which characteristics of the volunteers mentioned by the separatist commander are described in an unconventional way?","answer":"Tall\/Short,-One-eyed"}
{"text":["Now, the Russian government doesn't get many chances in this context internationally, on the global stage, to do the right thing. I have been criticizing the Russian government while I am here. What more can I do to satisfy you or any of these critics who hold these positions?The reality is there is nothing that will satisfy them because it is their suspicion, it is their skepticism, it is their distrust of the Russian government as an institution which is motivating this.","I mean, do I have to detail for you the ways in which the Putin government has earned (laughter) some suspicion?","No, no. Absolutely not. Again, I agree with you. This (laughter) - look, look; this is why I have been criticizing the Russian government. There's no distance between us on that. I'm not saying Vladimir Putin is an angel. I'm not even saying Vladimir Putin is a decent guy. What I'm saying is you have to understand there doesn't need to be a quid pro quo here for it to make sense.","Edward Snowden. Elsewhere in the program, he talks about his work at the NSA before he leaked classified information and tells us what's keeping him from returning to the U. S.  to face trial."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The information was told to others when it was not supposed to be told.","questions":"How was the information handled?","answer":"Leaked"}
{"text":["Well, thanks for having me.","You're at the start of your book tour, maybe midway. You have been saying in interviews you don't think you'll ever coach again.","I don't and I'm basically trying to motivate myself to not only put closure on a career but to get going with something else. I've said for years idleness is the devil's workshop. So I always tied up my day, every minute of the day from 6 a. m.  to late at night with basketball, scouting, recruiting. And now I wake up at 6 o'clock and put on my gym shorts, and there's no place to go.","You still give, I gather, motivational speeches and make appearances, don't you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The interviewer reminds the speaker of what they've been saying, which is different from what the speaker is saying now.","questions":"How does the interviewer challenge the PersonA's current statement?","answer":"challenging"}
{"text":["Well, some of their problems - they're doing very badly in the polls - is due to the personality of the Democratic Party leader, Matteo Renzi. He has a very sharp Tuscan wit, which, to non-Tuscans, makes him sound like an obnoxious smart aleck. And he's deeply disliked within his own party. Several members of the leftist old guard accused Renzi of being too centrist. They broke away, and that strongly weakened the party.","Under the party leadership, Italy's economy came out of a very devastating recession. And it has grown in the last five years, not as fast as its European partners. But it's done much better. And the party also passed a landmark civil rights legislation with a civil unions law for same-sex couples, despite the strong influence of the Catholic Church in politics. But, you know, the party's push for structural reforms was strongly resisted by both the right and the left. Italians are essentially conservative. They don't like change. But the populists are really pushing a vision of the past. And they're strongly skeptical of the European Union. And if they came to power, that could further destabilize the EU at a time when the bloc is already dealing with Britain's exit and growing authoritarianism in member states like Poland and Hungary.","Sylvia, thanks very much.","Thank you, Renee."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Populists' vision of the past could destabilize the EU","questions":"What could further destabilize the EU?","answer":"Populists"}
{"text":["And I just am saying to my Republican friends, look, I get it. I understand that there's certain things that he's said that really you can't ever look that way, but take a look. We're still months away from the election.","Mr.  Kelly, if you were advising Donald Trump - and, you know, he might hear this - is there some magic sentence that he could come up with that would - that would help heal things over?","I think he's already worked in that direction. I - I've never met Mr.  Trump, by the way, but I have been watching him. I've watched a Donald Trump who's different today than the Donald Trump I saw three or four weeks ago. I think he is a man who does understand messaging. He understands talking to people.","And as I said earlier, Mr.  Trump's success was not based just on his own ability and his own talent. It was working with many other people to get to something that was mutually beneficial. I've watched Mr.  Ryan. And I said before, he has more depth than the Pacific Ocean when it comes to policy, but he also works well with people to get to some common ground that makes sense. I would just say this - and Donald Trump doesn't need any advice from Mike Kelly. Paul Ryan doesn't need any advice from Mike Kelly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) B's question about a \"magic sentence\" that Donald Trump could come up with to heal things over implies a desire for a quick fix or easy solution to a complex problem of political division, which may not be realistic or possible.","questions":"How does PersonB's question to Mr. Kelly imply a desire for a quick fix solution?","answer":"Quick"}
{"text":["We should note that Chico was never a part of DeBarge proper. Chico was solo. This is his hit 'Talk To Me' from 1986.","(Singing)","Talk to me baby, talk to me girl. You know, I really think you oughta","In 1988, Chico and his older brother Bobby were convicted on charges of conspiracy to distribute cocaine. The conviction put a quick end to a promising career. Each of the brothers served years in prison. Bobby later died from complications of AIDS. Like his sister, Chico was willing to open up about some of the pain of the road they've traveled. But he is also gearing up to release a new album. I ask how he felt about this next stage of his career.","I'm excited, but I'm - it was kind of new for me with the mission I have before me. Because of course, as you know, all of us are talking about, you know, a lot of things we've been through that a lot of people didn't know in the family. And the name of my album is \"Addiction. \"Because I ended up wearing those shoes. I never thought in my life that I would be - you know, I'd actually knocked people, you know, for having that. And I got stabbed, you know."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Wear those shoes is implying that the person has dealt with that in life","questions":"What is the name of Chico's upcoming album?","answer":"1986"}
{"text":["Sarah M.  Broom grew up in a yellow house in New Orleans East, 10 minutes from the French Quarter, the youngest of 12 children. The house was bought by her mother in 1961 and grew into something more than the family's home. It became its hearth and its center. But like many places in New Orleans, the earth below it was already sinking years before Hurricane Katrina hit.","The ground was fragile. And of course, that fragility is the thing I picked up on as a child when we were playing hide-and-go-seek, when we were playing ball in the yard, you know, we came up with all of these stories about the danger of the ground. And that becomes the thing that, in a way, haunts me.","Sarah M.  Broom's debut book is called \"The Yellow House,\" and it's a memoir of a place that was hard in many ways but also indelible in the history of her family.","It was a house that I loved deeply, in fact. And I say that because I feel it's impossible to love any place, and to truly love it, to truly see it for what it is, without taking in all of its complexities and its nuances. And I also feel that way, by the way, about America, which I love deeply and am always interrogating, right?So the house created such complexity of emotion for me because it was the place my mother bought. And the house, at some point, really was in disrepair. It was falling down all around us. And even in those moments, my mother was always trying to fix it back up."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The dangers of the ground is something the person remembers and thinks about a lot.","questions":"What haunts the person from their childhood memories?","answer":"Danger"}
{"text":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The actual meaning different from the literal meaning is:  \"...the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word.\"  The literal meaning of this sentence is that the president's budget director had to retract or clarify the statement made by the president. However, the implied meaning is that the president's initial statement was not accurate or well-thought-out, and it needed to be corrected or softened to avoid negative consequences.","questions":"How did the president's budget director respond to his statement about Puerto Rico's debt crisis?","answer":"Retract"}
{"text":["Like, do they even know really how to describe it?","It's been heart-wrenching. You know, I'm a parent. I have a have an almost 3-year-old, and I, you know, had to try to interview some kids about that age over the last week and even kids a little bit older. One in particular who sticks out of my mind was a 7-year-old who, you know, I asked one question - who'd you come to the U. S.  with?She said, my aunt, and then she just broke down in tears and couldn't really say anything else.","The government is basically making the argument that they want to make sure that they connect kids with their proper legal guardians. I mean, is that in conflict with trying to protect them?","It is absolutely the government's responsibility above all to reunify kids with parents where that's appropriate and where that's in their best interest. What really worried me about speaking with kids on the border who had been held for, as I said, weeks in the Clint detention facility was that there has no evidence that anyone was making any efforts to reunify these kids with parents. I personally started tracking down parents where I could to connect them with their children. And in every case, they had had no idea where their child was, and no one had contacted them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker interviewed young children affected by the border crisis.","questions":"What was the age of the child who broke down in tears during PersonA's interview?","answer":"7-year-old"}
{"text":["She says, look, we've got to do something some investment on sort of global warming issues, energy, independence issues. Let's use the recession to start creating a green economy.","Now, when you look at someone who is no longer in the race, John Edwards, he was often portrayed by supporters and portrayed himself as someone who was going to make ending poverty the center of his campaign. How would his approach have differed from both Senators Obama and Clinton?","Well, actually it turns out at the end of the day, the Edwards approach is fairly similar to sort of a combination of the Clinton and Obama proposals, and that's not surprising. Because John Edwards was the person who came out with a plan first - I thought it was the best plan - and the other candidates fit in in a lot of issues, actually copied John Edwards. In fact, John Edwards was - has truly been a forcing figure during this election, compelling Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton, both, to be more progressive than they might otherwise have been.","Well, let's talk a little bit about political philosophy. We've talked a bit about trickle-down economics, but then there's also the model of the government getting directly involved. Certainly ending the great depression by creating jobs itself - everything from jobs for writers and artists to road building, infrastructure. That does not seem to be a model that's been followed, certainly not to that extent - in decades. Is that even on the table, the whole prospect of the government actually stepping in and doing job creation itself?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"How would his approach have differed from both Senators Obama and Clinton?\" - The literal meaning is a question about how John Edwards' approach to ending poverty would differ from the approaches of Senators Obama and Clinton. The actual meaning is a question about the policy differences between the three candidates.","questions":"Which candidate's plan did the other candidates copy during the election?","answer":"Edwards"}
{"text":["I mean, of course, we don't know yet. But, yes, you can imagine this could present some big challenges they have to deal with. I mean, one big thing the - most glaring thing everyone's talking about today - is that this could serve for some voters as a reminder of Bernie Sanders' age. He is 78. The campaign is ramping up. It's only going to intensify. Campaigning is really exhausting. And so this might not rattle the diehard Sanders fans out there, but there are voters who exist - I have talked to them, my colleagues have - voters who are concerned about nominating or electing someone who is of advanced age. And so this could affect how those voters feel. And now, let's keep in mind, of course, that two of Sanders' main rivals - Senator Elizabeth Warren, former Vice President Joe Biden - they're themselves in their 70s. Now, the additional. . .","As is the president who they'd be running against, President Trump, so yeah.","Exactly, yes. And, you know, the additional challenge is that Sanders is going to want to talk about other things. He just put up some great campaign finance numbers, a new income inequality tax plan. So the next debate - October 15 - that's what we're going to be looking at to see, you know, if he can look strong, remind people of how passionate he is. That's an opportunity to put all of this behind him.","That is NPR's Danielle Kurtzleben."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Everyone is talking about something that no one can deny as everyone sees it. It might not upset people who like Bernie Sanders and make them want to vote for someone else.","questions":"How might this affect some voters' feelings towards Bernie Sanders?","answer":"Age"}
{"text":["And I thought, well, I want to be black and not just any black, but the coolest black in the world. And that's American black, you know, it's - yeah, it is. Or, as you guys call them, African-American, which is funny because they're not African. But we'll play along because. . .","As Trevor Noah tours the country, he tweaks his routine for a new audience. Comedians, how do you translate your humor for different groups and different cultures?Give us a call: 800-989-8255. Email us: talk@npr. org. You can also join the conversation on our website. Go to npr. org, click on TALK OF THE NATION. Trevor Noah joins us here in a very hot tent at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival. Nice to have you with us today.","Thank you very much for having me.","And let me begin with the set up for a very old joke: How hot is it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A person wants to identify as cool, American black instead of African-American despite not being from Africa.","questions":"What does PersonA want to identify as?","answer":"Identify"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News & Notes.","Singer Jennifer Hudson won an Academy Award for her role in \"DreamGirls. \"But in the last week, her family life has become the stuff of nightmares. Some people now say neighbors should have done more. Did Hudson's family try in vain to distance itself from the man who's now a person of interest in the case?Plus, a federal judge in Missouri blocked part of a new law designed to keep sex offenders away from kids on Halloween.","We'll take a look at these cases with Judge Lynn Toler. She's the start of TV's \"Divorce Court\" and the author of \"My Mother's Rules: A Practical Guide to Becoming an Emotional Genius. \"Hi, Judge Toler.","Hi, Farai. How are you?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to distance away from something in this context means to ignore or to shy away from something that happened, usually bad","questions":"How did Hudson's family respond to the man who is now a person of interest in the case?","answer":"Try"}
{"text":["So, people like him, which I believe there are a lot of them out there, you know, and people like Oprah, for instance, you know, people like that. I mean, they need help. You know, $100, 1,000 - maybe $20 you know, it can help people. And people in Africa are human beings just like you and others. So, they feel the pain. They are suffering every day. So, you know, here I am doing music. I'm not rich, you know, I am not rich, but I want to share a little bit of what I have with the ones that we left behind.","What do you want to be your legacy in the world of music because there's the philanthropy you're doing but then there's also the music that you're doing. What do you plan to do in the future?","I want to be able to play music to please Americans, and I want to be able to make them see just the beauty of music, not just African music but just the gift of music. That's my goal \u2014 to make people happy, to make them dance.","Well, Shiko, I'm so glad that we got a chance to talk. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"people like him...need help\" - the literal meaning is that people like him require assistance. The actual meaning may imply that people like him (referring to impoverished individuals in Africa) require financial aid.","questions":"How does PersonB describe the people who need help?","answer":"Impoverished"}
{"text":["Have you been - has there been any retribution for that kind of storytelling?","Actually, there has not been overall. There has been certain individuals from the book who have contacted me, who now are upset, because they figure can immediately identify them. But prior to the book, and while I was writing it, I did reach out to the majority of the people in the book, and, you know, inform them that I was writing the book, and how I was depicting them in the book.","And I told them that I was changing their names and - you know, and I read to them their descriptions and things of that nature. So a lot of people were very supportive in the beginning, and a lot of people are still continuing to be supportive.","But I think, you know, because now the book, you know, is festering, people are starting to read it, they're getting to pick out and, you know, identify certain people in the book. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Certain individuals are unhappy because they can recognize themselves in the book","questions":"How are some individuals reacting to their depiction in the book?","answer":"Upset"}
{"text":["I think that they're at peace with it now. And we're at peace with each other. But that took - you know, that took a lot of time.","So we've already talked a bit about how the cello is this character in your life. And I want to talk about how it functions throughout this album. Let's listen to the song \"Poor Fake. \"","(Singing) Don't matter where you are, it'll catch right up to you. You can try to resist the feeling, set the canvas in my blues.","So cello, you know, it isn't an instrument I think of playing a huge role in pop songs. But it does play a huge role in this song and throughout other songs on the album."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The cello plays a significant role in the album.","questions":"Which instrument stands out in the song \"Poor Fake\"?","answer":"Fake"}
{"text":["Pat and Gina are fun, folksy and family oriented. Pat started our chat by telling me how it all got started.","First of all, I was 23 years of age, and I always felt like, even back then, that the best thing I had going for me was my age, and the worst thing I had going for me was my age. Because I was young enough to make mistakes, yet, at the same time, I was going to be young enough to recover from them.","So, you know, it was a very, very gutsy move because he and I, we didn't have a quarter. And I'm sure you're saying, well, how did you open up a restaurant without any money?Well, my grandmother, who was in her 90s, was gracious enough and had enough faith and confidence in us to use her house as collateral, and we took out a small 20,000 dollar loan, opened up a 2,000-square-foot restaurant in 1988.","And, the first day we opened, we were dead broke. We didn't have a cash register. There were so many things that we didn't have that I wouldn't dare try to open up a restaurant in today's time without. But in less than the two years - we leased the building for two years - in two years, not only had we paid my grandmother her money back, but we had saved 40,000 dollars. And we took that money and used it as a down payment and purchased our first restaurant."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Using \"a quarter\" to mean money is a non-literal meaning.","questions":"How did the speaker open up a restaurant?","answer":"loan"}
{"text":["Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn B: The actual meaning of \"What makes Flame different?\" is not a literal question seeking to identify what sets Flame apart from other things. Instead, it is a rhetorical question used to introduce the topic of discussion and prompt the guest to provide information about Flame's unique characteristics.","questions":"What is the purpose of Turn 3 in the dialogue?","answer":"Introduce"}
{"text":["Kevin Maguire's associate editor of the Daily Mirror and a long time reporter at Westminster. Thanks so much for being with us.","Pleasure, Scott.","Let's start with the Conservative line up. We hear a couple of names over here - Michael Gove and Theresa May.","Yeah, absolutely, Theresa May, the home secretary, the interior minister, is the favorite now after the shock withdrawal of Boris Johnson, the former mayor of London. He was the clear front-runner, but he pulled out after Michael Gove, the justice secretary who was his campaign manager, actually decided he wanted to run himself. And in the Conservative Party, which, of course, they're not just electing a leader, they're electing the next prime minister of the United Kingdom."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : implies that A is happy to be on the show;","questions":"How did PersonA respond when PersonB introduced Kevin Maguire?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["Even bigger than a football field, you know. And we would walk our way across it and everybody who needed to observe this, the staffs, other commanders of supporting elements, fighter squadron commanders, bomber squadron commanders, helicopter commanders, they'd all be gathered around on the sand dunes around watching as we walked our way through it. And we did this repeatedly.","Did anybody in your experience rehearse what would happen after you closed in on Baghdad?","Yes, as a matter of fact, my boss at Camp Pendleton during a war game that we had in June of 2002. And on the first day of the war game - this is really about how does a battle unfold?We were looking at Iraq, of course. And he said - he pulled out the entire planning staff that usually is playing the next day or the next week's fight. And he said, you're going to concentrate on the post-combat phase. He said, I'm not getting enough guidance on it. I want to know what we're going to do when the fighting is done.","Although I get the impression from your book and from having covered the war in Iraq as a journalist that the United States reached a point where there had been no plan, where people had not rehearsed it a thousand times, where on a very high level it was not clear at all what the United States wanted to do in Iraq and how the United States wanted to achieve it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The lack of planning for the post-war phase in Iraq despite previous war games.","questions":"Which phase did the planning staff concentrate on during the war game in June of 2002?","answer":"Post-war"}
{"text":["Qatar would like to improve its relationship with the U. S.  government, which has supported a Saudi-led economic blockade of the small Persian Gulf power. Qatar didn't just hire well-known K Street lobbyists and powerbrokers. It targeted people they believe President Trump listens to - a radio broadcaster, a real estate developer, a commentator and former presidential candidate - and gave them all-expense paid trips to Qatar and, usually, a consulting fee. Qatar's regime believed if it could win over people that President Trump listens to, he might change his mind. Now, that's according to a news story published in The Wall Street Journal by Julie Bykowicz, who joins us now. Thanks very much for being with us.","Thank you.","Tell us how this is done. You begin the story by talking about Alan Dershowitz, whose name doesn't usually come up when you're talking about Qatar.","Sure. He's not an elected official. He's not in the administration. But what Mr.  Dershowitz does bring to the table, at this point, that lobbyists have identified is President Trump really likes this guy. And so other lobbyists have picked up on this, and the two gentlemen that I interviewed for this Qatar story said they identified him as someone that could potentially be influential. What Alan Dershowitz is thinking, perhaps President Trump would begin thinking as well."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Qatar believes that by winning over people that President Trump listens to, he might change his mind on supporting the Saudi-led economic blockade of Qatar.","questions":"What is the name of the news reporter who published the story about Qatar's attempt to win over people that President Trump listens to?","answer":"Julie"}
{"text":["Another effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act gained steam last night. A federal judge in Texas ruled that the law is unconstitutional. We're joined now by NPR's health policy correspondent, Alison Kodjak. Alison, thanks so much for coming in.","Thanks for having me, Scott.","This decision was received last night. What's it say?","Well, it's a pretty sweeping decision, actually. This judge ruled that the entire Affordable Care Act, which famously ran more than a thousand pages long, was unconstitutional. The case was brought by 18 Republican attorneys general, and it was led by Texas AG Ken Paxton."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The judge ruled that the entire Affordable Care Act is unconstitutional","questions":"What was the ruling of the judge regarding the Affordable Care Act?","answer":"unconstitutional"}
{"text":["Tell us the story, Butch, behind this recording?","Oh, I was asked to come and work for ORT, or Orchestra, regionally, della Toscana. I was told I could have three days, three hours a day, to instruct the orchestra in the ways and means of conduction, and I refused for a long time.","For months I refused to do it because it's quite a stressful thing, I think, for most conductors who get three days to conduct something they already know with an orchestra that already knows the work, but for me to teach this way of working in nine hours, I thought, was going to be a little too stressful, so I refused.","Finally, I accepted, and I encountered the problems I thought I was going to encounter. First of all, the orchestra walked into rehearsal for the first time in their life where there was no music notation and no music stands, and they kind of freaked out because most musicians, especially symphonic players, go to rehearsal, and there's music and music stands."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A was hesitant to accept the job due to the limited time given for instruction.","questions":"What was PersonA's initial reaction to the job offer?","answer":"Hesitant"}
{"text":["So right now, there are multiple congressional committees investigating this issue. We've got them on the House side. We've got a couple on the Senate side. I guess I want to know why is there a need for multiple investigations, and how do these congressional investigations differ at their core from what Special Counsel Robert Mueller is conducting?","Well, Senate Intelligence looks at intelligence matters primarily. Senate Judiciary looks at matters that fall under the broad scope of the Judiciary Committee. All these congressional investigations differ very much in function from what the Special Counsel Mueller does. Mueller works in secret and long, long deep studies of things like finances. And he doesn't bring his results public. If he finds something that's really important, he won't let you know until it's time to indict somebody. Whereas, the congressional committees when classification allows them to be in the open, they live for open hearings. They want people to know what they found.","And what about compelling witnesses to testify?The subpoena, is that a last resort thing or is it just a negotiating device?","Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  turn is asking about the use of subpoenas to compel witnesses to testify and whether they are a last resort or a negotiating tool. The actual meaning, however, is asking about the effectiveness and necessity of using subpoenas in congressional investigations.","questions":"How does turn 2 question the use of subpoenas in congressional investigations? (Answer: Effectiveness\/Necessity)","answer":"Effectiveness\/Necessity"}
{"text":["Now it's, I should say this is a demonstration, it's not, you know, there is an actual kill that takes place in the video, but it's not a real kill, it's a demo kill. But what the system that they are playing or working on actually is designed to do and will do when it is deployed is to hunt, and if necessary kill, real targets. It fires missiles, it drops bombs, you can hear the guy talking about the weapons that he has available on one of his drones.","And they didn't just make it feel like a video game, they figured out that there's a sort of a feedback loop that was a problem for the operators, they couldn't kind of sense what was happening. And they hired video gamers to redesign their system for them.","Yeah, they hired real game developers. Because, you know, when you compared what people in the military were using to operate drones to what the latest Xbox or PlayStation system looked like, I mean the screens on this wrap around you so you feel as though you were there. One of the executives Raytheon describes it as projecting your mind into a place where you want it.","You write about watching this demonstration video with your seven year old kind of standing behind you watching this screen, and he gets it right away and he kind of likes it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"they hired video gamers to redesign their system for them\" - The literal meaning is that video gamers were hired to redesign the system. The implied meaning is that the video gamers were able to improve the system's design by applying their expertise from playing video games.","questions":"How did the company improve their system's design?","answer":"Gamers"}
{"text":["Republicans are now working on a tax plan. If they're able to pass that, would you reconsider some of your some of your disdain for the. . .","Yes, absolutely. But going back to the other thing, you know, I think Steve Bannon has backed a lot of people that I am supportive of, like Hawley in Missouri, like Marsha Blackburn, like potentially what he's looking to do in Wyoming. In several other races, I think he's backing very strong candidates that have a great chance of winning. And I think the Arizona race is, at the very least, a toss-up right now. So - sorry, I - that's my completion to the earlier question. So your. . .","Yeah.","Your last question was, you know, will I come back into the fold and support McConnell if he gets tax reform done?I think there's a really good chance. I think the country needs tax reform. I think it's been a long time. And I think, to some extent, McConnell and his team can put the toothpaste back in the tube if they win. You know, my analogy for this whole thing is college football."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) - This turn implies that A will support McConnell if he succeeds in passing the tax plan, and that the Republicans still have a chance to win.","questions":"Which plan must Republicans pass in order for PersonA to reconsider their disdain, according to PersonB in turn 0?","answer":"Tax"}
{"text":["Mr.  Mayor, in the half a minute we have left, there a lot of people listening to you. A lot of people will be becoming familiar with Beaufort today. They might be moved to help. How can they?","Well, that's a great question. Let us do the initial damage assessment first. And again, I think the biggest thing right now is for those that did evacuate, please standby, be patient with us as we kind of blaze a path for you to return - a safe path for your return.","Rett Newton is the mayor of Beaufort, N. C.  Mr.  Mayor, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The listeners might be motivated to offer help.","questions":"What might the listeners be inspired to offer?","answer":"help"}
{"text":["Have you ever seen one of these wrestling matches?Are the wasps easily found and seen?","Unfortunately, I've never seen the show. I can't wait, though. The day that I see a tarantula hawk come in contact with a tarantula I'm going to sit back and enjoy this dance. But you can see the tarantula hawks. They're actually quite common and quite conspicuous on the landscape, particularly throughout the southwest and indeed all the way from California to Virginia.","Do tarantula wasps have interest in humans?","They do not. So as long as you're not explicitly harassing this animal, as long as you're not trying to step on it or grab it, it's going to leave you alone. And, in fact, you can walk right up to them and watch them as they forage and hunt for tarantulas.","Ben Hutchins - invertebrate biologist for the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Ben, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - Literal meaning: A is expressing excitement about the prospect of witnessing a tarantula hawk and a tarantula interact, and noting that tarantula hawks are common and easily spotted in certain areas. Implicated meaning: A is expressing a morbid curiosity about a potentially violent interaction between two creatures and finding enjoyment in it.","questions":"Which biologist was interviewed by PersonB for the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department?","answer":"Ben"}
{"text":["Yes. We've had - you know, when it first started, there was some congressional interest. But I mean, nobody can do anything, right?I mean, the Trump administration doesn't appear to listen to anybody but Donald Trump.","There is wide bipartisan support for the U. S.  taking a tougher line with China. But what sort of deal would you like to see?","I mean, I'd be happy if they just took away the 25% tax so I could compete on a level playing field, right?The tariffs they imposed on our lobsters in China never bothered anybody because it was equal for everybody, so it was no harm, no foul. I don't expect to get a better trade tariff rate than the Canadians when this is over, if it's ever over. You just can't sit here and wait forever.","Yeah. So if things continue the way they are for a few more months, is there a real threat that you guys will go out of business?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite congressional interest, the Trump administration is not listening to anyone but Donald Trump","questions":"What was the reason for the lack of action despite congressional interest?","answer":"Donald-Trump"}
{"text":["So, does Teddy Roosevelt still come to life when it gets dark at the museum?","People would like to think so, and this is part of the imagination that you need to have when you're visiting a natural history museum. To go back to your point about whether the dioramas are old hat, well, sure. In one way they certainly are. They represent a very old kind of technology. But I look at it a little bit differently. It's a 3-D theater in a way that TV cannot be. We have a beautiful diorama of bison herds from some indefinite time in the 19th century when they still had large herds, and that is so realistic that you think, if you just saw an image of it, that it had to have been taken yesterday somewhere in Wyoming.","Ross MacPhee, curator of the Hall of North American Mammals at the American Museum of Natural History. Thanks so much for being with us.","Most welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : meaning is turn (1), where B asks if Teddy Roosevelt comes to life when it gets dark at the museum. The actual meaning implied by B's question is whether the museum has interactive exhibits or displays that bring historical figures to life, rather than asking about a specific event where Teddy Roosevelt might come to life in the museum.","questions":"Which historical figure is indirectly referred to in the conversation?","answer":"Teddy"}
{"text":["Part of the problem is that you obviously need to deal with the security issues. But at the same time, that doesn't mean you put the human rights issues into the background. You can also raise human rights issues as you raise these security issues. You have to be able to walk and chew gum if you're going to practice international relations.","Yeah. You met North Korea's top nuclear negotiator in 2011. How did that go?I mean, how did you balance those concerns?","Well, the primary person I was - the reason that I was in North Korea at the time was to talk about the possibility of United States humanitarian assistance. North Koreans made a request. We were looking at the possibility of doing that. And our negotiations focused on that. On the other hand, there were meetings that we had and also time that we had after meetings or in connection with dinners and that kind of thing to raise human rights questions. You know, you don't start out by blasting them with the worst thing you can find. But there are ways that you can press them and push them and encourage them to accept the idea that human rights actually improves the standing of the regime if people like the government.","This administration eliminated the job you held. Do you think that matters?I mean, do you think this administration will even broach the issue of human rights?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is suggesting that it is possible to address both security concerns and human rights issues simultaneously, rather than prioritizing one over the other.","questions":"How did the negotiations with North Korea primarily focus on?","answer":"Humanitarian"}
{"text":["I, Karen Bass. . .","In May, Bass was sworn in as the first black female speaker of California's Assembly. That post has been called the second most powerful in the state behind the governor.","I recently asked Speaker Bass how she's dealing with her rise in profile and her new level of responsibility.","I felt definitely overwhelmed. But, you know, since May, or really since the election in February, I've just had a tremendous amount of support and welcome and good will. So I'm very excited about serving in the role.","You are someone who has certain interests that particularly are important to you. Foster care is one of them. Tell me about foster care."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Speaker Bass has experienced a rise in her profile and level of responsibility.","questions":"What has Speaker Bass experienced?","answer":"Responsibility"}
{"text":["For smart kids. We're talking with Laura Overdeck on SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. Her book is \"Bedtime Math: A Fun Excuse to Stay Up Late. \"Do you think grown-ups can enjoy it, to learn something when they're reading this to their kids?","Oh, sure. We actually have a whole crowd of adults who follow our website who do them as a brainteaser.","Mm-hmm. Do the kids fall asleep if they're thinking about a math problem?Does it get them sleepier or keep them awake?","You know, I'll tell you, I have three really lively children, so if it can calm them down, it can help anybody. That might have been, actually, how we started doing it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the adults do the math as a way to get their brains stimulated.","questions":"How do the adults use the math on the website?","answer":"Stimulate"}
{"text":["Is anyone doing that research?","Well, I have the good fortune of working on an NSF career ward myself, entitled tornado-resilient communities. And we're sort of scratching the surface here, trying to first of all apply what knowledge we know from our wind hazard research here in Florida and all the work that has been done by the emergency management and the building codes here.","But beyond that, I'm working with manufacturers of adhesive products and so on to develop new ways, new, more resistant ways in which we can actually get these buildings held together.","You think some sort of building Super Glue?Is that what you're talking about?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They are just beginning and working with the first part of the data.","questions":"How are they applying their wind hazard research in Florida?","answer":"Knowledge"}
{"text":["Yeah. I think people are starting to back away from that a little bit because there are enough little pockets where you could get some ice accumulating every summer and not melting out because, basically, you have the wind that pushes that together and piles it up. So you have always have a few places where it's piled up. But on the other hand, that will be a fairly small part of the Arctic, quite a small bit. So it's not - so for practical purposes, the ocean will look ice-free, and the North Pole may be sort of in a large area of no ice at all. Occasionally, right now, there are cracks and there are openings that drift around. And so, sometimes, the North Pole itself is in an ice-free area.","Open water, yeah.","But it could be possible to be in a large area of open water in the coming decades. That's the expectation.","The other enormous area of a white, reflective surface is the ice cap that covers the island of Greenland, the biggest island in the world. And that this summer also had a really powerful melt."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The ice cap on Greenland is melting rapidly","questions":"How is the biggest island in the world affected?","answer":"Greenland"}
{"text":["As a matter of fact, some of the Newark city council came to New York and also spoke with African-American politicians up in Albany about this guy's record. And that (unintelligible) pretty thoroughly.","Now, let me - we don't have too much time left, so I just want to ask you this. Is this a situation - you've obviously chosen to profile Mayor Booker - is this a situation where he has a political future outside of Newark?Do you se him moving in a direction where he will eventually run for some other office?","I think he absolutely means to. And I think he is one - all politicians brim with ambition, and he is no exception. I think he has chosen for himself a nearly impossible task. And if he manages to pull that off, it's a pretty solid credential.","All right. Peter Boyer, thanks so much.","Certainly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  to ask if Booker has a political future outside of Newark implies that he may have ambitions beyond his current role as mayor of the city.","questions":"What does PersonB want to know about Mayor Booker's future plans?","answer":"Future"}
{"text":["But Joan Warren, another reader, saw it this way. She wrote: I think it's incumbent upon voters to rise above this kind of distraction. The responses from both campaigns, reaction from our readers, and the photo from his trip to Africa that we're talking about is on the front page of our blog right now. So people can go and check it out.","So we also covered the president's trip to the continent of Africa. What's been the response on the blog?","Well, you know, all sorts of video and photos of President Bush dancing and making nice with the locals in Africa are all over the Web. On our blog we talk specifically about what his Africa legacy would be. The blogger D. J. Black Adam wrote on our site: Dare I say his record will be better than that of our first so-called black president, Bill Clinton?However, his administration has done nothing regarding Darfur. Overall grade: F+ in contrast to Bill Clinton's F.  So some tough words there.","What else is getting traffic on the blog?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Joan Warren believes voters should not be distracted by the controversy surrounding the photo from Bush's trip to Africa.","questions":"Which reader's opinion regarding the controversy surrounding the photo from Bush's trip to Africa is mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Joan"}
{"text":[". . . which has its own problems. Arranged marriages are - people are speaking up for them nowadays.","Well, you know, I mean, that that is the time. The woman - he asked the hand of this woman, his late 20s. But this is also because of that, that you can have this kind of melodrama. I mean, \"Romeo and Juliet\" today, it cannot happen because if the father of Juliet today say to Juliet, you cannot marry Romeo; and she say, I don't care. And she will go out and marry him anyway. And if she marries him, then there is no more love story anymore. You know, they marry; then they had a - lots of children.","You know, imagine Romeo and Juliet and they have like, 12 kids. Who would care about their story, you know?","Romeo and Juliet go to Costco. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Who would care about their story, you know?\" The literal meaning of this turn is that if Romeo and Juliet had 12 children, their story would not be as interesting. However, the actual meaning is that the tragedy and romance of Romeo and Juliet's story would be lost if they had lived a long and mundane life with many children.","questions":"Which story would lose its tragedy if Romeo and Juliet had many children?","answer":"Romeo"}
{"text":["I'm bullish on it. It's a big change. We're working through all the challenges. One challenge is for creators. They use Instagram to make a living. Likes are a sign of how relevant they are, so we have to figure out some way to make sure we preserve that.","You're talking about influencers. Right?I mean, there are people who now essentially make a living off of their social media presence. And the way they show potential advertisers - look, I'm a good bet - is how many likes I get.","Absolutely. We've actually had a pretty mixed response from influencers. So I think - I'm optimistic to answer your question very directly. We aren't there yet. We're still iterating on the experience. But I am personally optimistic and really personally invested in making it work.","So the boss is bullish. (Laughter) That's the take so far."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The boss refuses to change their mind on what they think about situation.","questions":"What is the attitude of the boss towards the situation?","answer":"Refuses"}
{"text":["You know, that's when you've really, really been out there a little too long. But that's kind of what it takes. If you want to try to shake eight million hands, you better be ready mentally as well as physically.","Mayor Bloomberg leaves office a national figure, and reportedly the 10th richest man in America. What's he want to do with the rest of his life?Do you have any inkling?","He's given some clues. I mean, one clue that he's given is that he wants to give away all of his money. That aside from taking care of his family, he wants to spend the last dollar on the day that he dies. And he probably doesn't mean that literally, but his pet causes, which are public health and gun control above all, he really has put quite a lot of money into trying to make sure those views are carried forward. And where this is all supposed to lead, assuming the White House is off-limits, is just not clear. But we do know that Mike Bloomberg would have loved to be president, and if ever a chance comes up in the next few years, he will probably take that shot.","Errol Louis, host of \"The Road to City Hall\" on NY1, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He will not take an actual shot but will try to become president if he gets the chance.","questions":"How has Bloomberg put his money into his pet causes?","answer":"Public-health"}
{"text":["Hi, David.","They are accusing the Vatican of some very serious things there, it sounds like. Tell me more about what prompted this.","Well, the Women Church World is the monthly supplement to the official Vatican daily L'Osservatore Romano. Lucetta Scaraffia created it seven years ago. In her final editorial, she said the new editor of the main Vatican daily who arrived in December had published articles in the main paper that were in contrast with the supplement's editorial line. And then she wrote an open letter to Pope Francis, saying, we are throwing in the towel because we feel surrounded by a climate of distrust and progressive delegitimization. She added, it seems there's a return to the antiquated and arid custom of choosing women considered trustworthy from on-high, under the direct control of men. But the new editor of the L'Osservatore Romano, Andrea Monda, denied the charges that he'd tried to interfere in the women's supplement.","What more should we know about the founder of this magazine who's speaking out here?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : none","questions":"What was the reason behind the founder's decision to quit the magazine?","answer":"Distrust."}
{"text":["I really feel disappointed that a member of the House took the time to attack the people that are contributing to the campaign of President Trump, an attack that we are fueling or helping to fuel hate among Hispanics. In my office, half my personnel is Hispanic. I love Hispanic people. They're family-oriented. My wife - all of us got scared. I said people are going to come to attack us.","But you do know that this is public information.","Yes. But we are not contributing to fuel any hate. We are contributing because we want President Trump to be reelected. I like the job he's doing as president. I love the way he loves America, the same way that I love America. I named my company Great America Companies in 1972 when I first immigrated to America because I felt this was a great place.","President Trump has used the words invasion and killer, according to new statistics, over 500 times when speaking about immigration and immigrants since 2017. That is as president. People see his rhetoric as divisive and specifically when speaking about Latino immigrants. Does that not concern you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : By contributiing to Trump's campaign they are seen as contributing to the mistreatment of Hispanics because Trump speads this kind of rhetoric. They are giving Trump the means to continue his divisive rhetoric. ","questions":"What kind of rhetoric is Trump known for when speaking about immigration and immigrants, according to new statistics?","answer":"invasion"}
{"text":["The site of the wreck of the Houston's been known for quite some time. Why just the official confirmation now?","Well, the Navy became concerned over the years that the wreck was being salvaged by trophy hunters and commercial concerns overseas. Recreational dive companies have been leading dives on the Houston as well as the Perth, for years. But they began to fear for the integrity of the wreck. And it is a war grave. It's also custody of the U. S.  Navy, even though it's been undersea for more than 70 years now. And so what they did was, they launched an official expedition to document the state of the wreck and the first step in that process was to authenticate the identity of the ship, and so that's what made headlines this week.","Captain Rooks received the Medal of Honor for what?","He led the Perth into battle on that night and was quickly fallen upon by a far superior Japanese naval squadron. They had several heavy cruisers, a whole bunch of destroyers and the Japanese were masters of the art of nighttime naval combat. They would demonstrate this time and again through the early months of the war."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Japanese were more skilled than the Perth in nighttime naval combat, which they would demonstrate in the early months of the war.","questions":"Which naval squadron was far superior in nighttime combat?","answer":"Japanese"}
{"text":["I know you have to get through this fight now, but once that's over with, what's the next chapter going to be for you?","Oh, it's going to be coal mining. I've had a coal miner in my family from 1700. It runs deep in my blood. And I'm 44. And hopefully I'll find a coal mine job that I can retire from. That's my goal.","You know, Harlan County, Ky. , is the site of a mine protest that happened in the 1970s that went on for more than a year. So this is not only a long history of coal mining, it's also a long history of protest. Do you feel like you're a part of that today?","In some ways. We done our protest peacefully, but in Harlan, Ky. , we stand up for what we believe is right. That's been embedded in us from childhood up. You know, coal miners is brotherhoods. And we got a whole lot hanging in the balance here that we won't back down."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is implying that their protests might elevate beyond peaceful methods if they don't get what they think they deserve.","questions":"What is the PersonA's attitude towards protest methods if their demands are not met?","answer":"Aggressive"}
{"text":["It's important to note that the French didn't suspend support. So, there is some disagreement over the way forward, even among allies. There are indications that the moderates backed by the U. S.  and the Islamists are negotiating over a merger. Both these groups oppose the Assad regime. They both oppose the hard-core al-Qaida group; in fact, they fought against them. There are reports that U. S.  policymakers are rethinking the approach to the Islamic front. U. S.  officials have reportedly met with some of the leaders of this group last month in Turkey. And this all comes in the context of the Geneva talks which are scheduled for January. That's when the Syrian regime and the political opposition are going to sit down face to face for the first time.","The only group, Scott, that can deliver any change on the ground is the Islamic Front. They're the most powerful rebel formation across northern Syria. They hold great swaths of territory. They are the important players, much more important than the moderate Free Syrian Army, who showed on Friday they can't even protect their warehouses. They are the weakest group on the battlefield, even though they're supported by the U. S. So, that's why there is a crisis in U. S.  policy and there appears to be some rethinking of that policy.","NPR's Deborah Amos speaking with us from Beirut. Thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of the statement is Deborah Amos thanking the speaker, but the implied meaning is that the conversation is over.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of turn 1 in the dialogue?","answer":"Conversation"}
{"text":["One day, Africa appears as a mass of crinkly brown veins. Another, it's become vivid streaks of orange and gold. Crimson and violet squiggles around Australia could be an abstract painting. It seemed that Commander Kelly never got tired of what he could see out the window and what he could make us see in an entirely new way. When the capsule bearing Kelly and cosmonauts Kornienko and Volkov parachuted to a landing in Kazakhstan earlier this month, that fantastic journey came to a close. Back home in Houston, Scott Kelly will be poked and prodded, weighed and measured, all in the name of science. And his terrestrial tweets now bring their own delights. He posted video of his first plunge into a pool.","Man, that feels good.","A few days later, there was Scott Kelly with his arms stretched overhead and a big smile, looking up at a dark sky.","My first rain in more than a year. Awesome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  while the actual meaning of (4) is that Scott Kelly is expressing his joy and appreciation for the experience of feeling rain after such a long time.","questions":"What was Scott Kelly's reaction to his first rain in more than a year?","answer":"Joy"}
{"text":["Yeah, it looks absolutely beautiful.","'Cause I've seen this painting - it's enormous. (Laughter) And I'm trying to picture, A, what that's like for people and, B, why you thought it was important for the public to see it as it was happening.","Well, I think there's two factors. And one is that the painting is - it's very large. So you know, removing it from the galleries would also present a certain amount of risk. And the other thing is that it's not really possible at this time to say how long the research or the treatment will actually take. All in all, this is really the best possible scenario to actually treat it in the galleries, where it can be followed by the public. I think the public actually find it fascinating to look behind the scenes.","I'm sure you couldn't have imagined that the painting would have been attacked with a bread knife, and you're doing quite the operation here. So what are some of the challenges and obstacles that, you know, are making you guys nervous?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : behind the scenes - to see the inner workings of things","questions":"Which term describes the part of the museum where the painting is being treated?","answer":"behind"}
{"text":["From the studios of NPR West, this is Day to Day. I'm Alex Cohen. This Thanksgiving Day, we'll hear how food banks are innovating to meet the needs of the hungry in the U. S.  That's just ahead. First, though, we go to Mumbai, India, where coordinated terrorist attacks began last night, killing more than 100 people. The attacks occurred throughout the city at sites like the Oberoi and Taj Mahal Hotels. Arif Doctor is a lawyer living in Mumbai. We reached him today at his home and asked what the city looks like.","From my home, we're seeing or hearing presently nothing. Last night, we heard three explosions, which we were told were hand grenades, at about midnight and half past one in the morning. And we were told those were hand grenades thrown out of the Oberoi Hotel.","Do you know anyone personally who has been at any of these sites that have come under attack?","We do. We know someone. I'm a lawyer, and there's another fellow lawyer - two fellow lawyers who are in the Oberoi, very senior lawyers who are in the Oberoi. We had contact with them til about four, five in the morning. And after that, we've heard nothing from them. They were in a restaurant which is on the ground floor of the Oberoi. One is called the Tiffin and the other Kandahar. And since that time, we've had no contact with them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  the speaker is worried about the safety and well-being of their friends who were at the Oberoi hotel during the attack. The lack of contact with them since the early morning is causing anxiety and uncertainty.","questions":"What emotion is the speaker experiencing regarding their friends at the Oberoi hotel?","answer":"Anxiety"}
{"text":["Her fencing tutor, when she is 13, makes her his mistress. Julie says he gave everything I desired and quite a few things I hadn't known existed. Oh, my word.","(Laughter) He was her father's boss. And he was one of the great nobleman of France at the time, a very, very powerful man. And all of a sudden, she was the very young mistress and was moved into Paris so that he could keep her separate from his wife, but she wanted more. And so very quickly she got bored and she ran off with her fencing master.","Yeah. There's a lot of fencing in this book. As soon as I say that, I realize metaphorical but also actual fencing in this book.","Well, I used to fence as a kid. It's one of the reasons I know about her. I fenced all through school and college, but I have to say that I'd - when I'm writing the fencing scenes, I do jump out of my chair and grab a foil - I've still got my old swords - and I act out the scenes for myself just to make sure that they make sense."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (Laughter) He was her father's boss. And he was one of the great noblemen of France at the time, a very, very powerful man. And all of a sudden, she was the very young mistress and was moved into Paris so that he could keep her separate from his wife, but she wanted more. And so very quickly she got bored and she ran off with her fencing master.  The implied meaning here is that the phrase \"very young mistress\" suggests a romantic and possibly sexual relationship between the man and the young woman. It implies that she became involved with him as a lover or partner, rather than solely as a student of fencing.","questions":"How was Julie related to her fencing tutor?","answer":"Mistress"}
{"text":["His team had not made the playoff for three years, and his defense was awful. Now, you could say, Mike Shanahan, he's supposed to be good at offense. But as the head coach, it's your responsibility. And also, Mike Shanahan was the GM, the general manager of his team. So he was in charge of picking all the players.","Sometimes, when a coach is both the GM and the coach, an owner will say, we're going to strip you of that GM responsibility, and the coach usually chafes. A famous coach, Bill Parcells, once likened it to, they want me to cook the food, but they won't let me buy the groceries.","Romeo Crennel had about a three-sentence statement about his firing. He was the former coach of the Browns. One of the sentences was this. It says it all. I did not win enough games. So I must move on. That's it.","I wonder if Leo Tolstoy could have written that."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Referring about Leo Tolstoy work reference from Romeo Crennel's statement.","questions":"What famous author is referenced by PersonB in response to Romeo Crennel's statement?","answer":"Tolstoy"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me.","John Hinckley's been undergoing treatment for more than 30 years and people who've worked with him say he isn't the same man who shot President Reagan and doesn't pose the same threat he did in1981. Why are you skeptical?","Well, he has had a pattern of being deceptive. Not too long ago, on one of his outings, he told the hospital that he was going to a movie. And the Secret Service agents who were trailing him saw that he was at a library looking at books on my father and also looking at presidential assassins. The diagnosis for him is narcissistic personality disorder, which is incurable. So one of the ideas that's being presented by his doctors and by his attorney, Barry Levine, is that he hasn't done anything violent in the last 30 years. This makes no sense to me whatsoever. You know, that's like saying there's an expiration date on violent tendencies. He's 59. He has time to do something else. He planned that shooting for quite a while before he did it.","But he's been in Saint Elizabeths a long time, longer than maybe if he'd shot someone who wasn't beloved around the world and a household name."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : John Hinckley may have been in Saint Elizabeths for a longer time than if he had shot someone less famous.","questions":"Which hospital did John Hinckley tell he was going to a movie on one of his outings?","answer":"none"}
{"text":["Yeah. What damage in the United States near as you can tell?","Well, we're not really aware of what the damage is precisely. I mean, that's still being accounted for. One thing interestingly for people that are dissecting what happened is that many systems are now trying to clean up the damage. So it's hard to know exactly what happened. It's kind of like cleaning up a crime scene before doing the forensics on it. One thing that is being discussed - this is possibly malware coming from the NSA. Some security experts who've been collecting samples of the malware and dissecting them have been saying that these criminal attacks are based on attacks designed by the National Security Agency and then released into the public by a hacking group called The Shadow Brokers.","You know, now, the NSA, they would have wanted to use the malware for spying purposes, right?The agency has a huge shop - we're very well aware of this - one of the world's best shops, dedicated to finding weaknesses in software and taking advantage of those weaknesses to break in and steal information for spying purposes. The problem is once you break in, you make digital keys, you can't really control who gets them. So this attack is raising one of these fundamental issues that we talk about in the security world about whether NSA surveillance protects people or creates unexpected damage that does more harm than good.","So I - so it's possible that there - it's possible that the NSA program to try and limit damage and trace people who would do harm to the country wound up doing harm across the world."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : So this attack is raising one of these fundamental issues that we talk about in the security world about whether NSA surveillance protects people or creates unexpected damage that does more harm than good.\"","questions":"Which fundamental issue is being raised by the attack mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Surveillance"}
{"text":["You could also - I think this is a terrific time to be as diversified as humanly possible. You want a little in bonds, you want a little in cash, you want some in stocks, you want some in international stocks. That way, at least if part of the economy falls apart, there are other things that will boost your returns.","You mentioned something I want to follow up on again with you about diversifying your portfolio, if you have one. If you do decide to move your money, whether it's a portfolio or a small savings account, and you want to do it right now because you're not confident, where should you put that money?","Ah. Well, I think that if you're really terrified of everything, your local bank is going to insure your savings account up to one hundred thousand dollars, more if you have a retirement account. And frankly, if the government falls through on that, you probably have other things in your life to worry about than what your savings are doing, like where am I going to get my canned goods?","Well, that's an interesting - an interesting response. I'm sure you heard Bill Spriggs earlier talk about Goldman Sachs and the end of the investment bank as we know it. A lot of times - you know, the corner bank is not the institution that it once was, so we have commercial banks, we no longer have investment banks. Does it make a difference which bank, which type of bank you now put your money in, given the crisis that we're facing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The 'canned goods' comment isn't literal, but it implies that if the US government fails, society will crash and be unstable, and there may even be food shortages.","questions":"Which type of account does PersonA suggest to put money in for those who are really terrified of everything?","answer":"savings"}
{"text":["I think myself and Terrell Tilford and Addis Art Gallery, we started to create a wonderful sort of section and really watched the neighborhood change. You know, you change from the car repair shops and you get little cafes and so on. And, unfortunately, what happens with most artists is that you make a place more beautiful, and everybody puts the rent up.","So, off to the eastern outpost of Atwater Village, which had one gallery when I got there two years ago, which now has - it's about to open its seventh gallery. So, I think I've got a track record of bringing good stuff with me.","Tell us about the kind of artists you represent?","Well, one of the things - just before I do that, I think it also sort of represents your neighborhood as well because the clientele that comes in the door is considerably different. And so, I have now Armenians and Asians and Africans, and it's exactly how I pictured it in my mind. And it's coming true there.","The artists that I show are basically artists of the African Diaspora, number one. The fact that I am an Angelino, and I live in Los Angeles, I show Angelino artists, as well. If you happen to be an immigrant who lives in Los Angeles, and you're a fantastic artist, I am very happy to see your work as well."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The narrator can visualized the art like how all artists done. ","questions":"Which sense does the narrator have about the clientele that comes into the gallery?","answer":"Visualized"}
{"text":["How big a deal is this for you, Freddie Hubbard?Is this sort of a moment of, you know, am I able to do and be what I once was or am I having to accept that time has put me in a different place?Are you sort of at that?","So much that because you have to realize at one time or another in your career when you get a little older, you can't do the things that you did before. Now, it's been very hard for me to accept that. I never - I felt like - I always felt like I could blow it and nothing would never happen until this happened. So now, it's - no matter how hard I practice, it just seem like I can't do the plays I did. But people tell me, they say, man, you don't have to prove nothing. All you have to do is play good enough to get your point across because you're not going to play like - I'm not going to play like I did when you played those earlier records. And I'm just - it's hard for me to accept that, you know, all I want is young (unintelligible) getting off on me, you know.","Let's go back to 1964. This is \"Breaking Point. \"","See, I was trying to play like a saxophone."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"I could blow it\" implies that he felt like he could ruin everything","questions":"Which word describes how Freddie Hubbard feels about his ability to play like he did before?","answer":"Hard"}
{"text":["Yes. (Laughter). I suppose you're right. I mean, that may follow. But I. . .","(Laughter).",". . . Wanted to explore a masculine archetype. And that's what Daddy is. He is larger than life. He's almost too big to exist. He's straight out of mythology. He's very strong and reassuring, and he sticks by his children, et cetera. But he's also - you know, he's got this troubled streak. This sort of - this violence in him. He's entirely defined by his body, his physicality, his strength. And Cathy arrived, saying, actually, what happens when these ideals are instilled in someone who doesn't inhabit the right physicality?Or she's somebody who has a very similar temperament to her father, but she doesn't have his strength. And she's a girl. And how does she stitch together those dual identities?","Yeah. There is - not to give too much away, but there's an act of violence in the book in which a woman takes a man's life. She sees it as her only way to survive. And I have to ask if recent events and recent debates and soul searching we've had in both our countries makes the scene even more telling."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : he literal meaning is that the speaker agrees with something and acknowledges that the other person is correct, and they both laugh.","questions":"How did PersonA respond to the other person's statement?","answer":"Yes"}
{"text":["It's always right to do right. And I basically was in it because I feel the Lord had me in it. It was a work of righteousness which was a work of God. And that's - I think that's why the movement can't be killed - 'cause it's the work of God.","We asked Bishop Woods to take us upstairs at the A. G.  Gaston Motel to the room where he recalls talking to Martin Luther King.","We went upstairs to go to his room.","The stairs of the Gaston are scuffed from rain and time. The windows are boarded. The rooms are bare and dark. It's a little like looking into the wreck of a great, old ship and trying to imagine the people who are now gone and the way they changed our lives."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"It's a little like looking into the wreck of a great, old ship and trying to imagine the people who are now gone and the way they changed our lives.\" The literal meaning is that the scene being described is similar to looking at an old, abandoned ship and trying to imagine its history. The actual meaning, however, is that the scene is nostalgic and evokes a sense of loss for the people who once occupied the space and made an impact on the speaker's life.","questions":"How would you describe the feeling evoked by the scene?","answer":"Nostalgic"}
{"text":["Yeah, it's a peculiar thing. What John McCain has said was that his vote was consistent with his early view that we ought not be limiting the military options available, and that those options ought not be constrained and that using enhanced interrogation techniques are something that is useful to the military. But that, of course, contradicts what he has been saying on the campaign trail all along, which is that he's opposed to torture and opposed to these sorts of things. So there's a real inconsistency there, but John McCain seems to think that there is some way to reconcile his position.","So here's the huge question. Is waterboarding legal?What do you think?","Well, you know, that's a great question. You know, if you sort of go back and look at the history of waterboarding, at least in America with respect to prosecutions and laws that have been passed up, you get the growing sense that it is unlawful, that it is illegal, that it's you know, a violation of the U. N.  declaration of human rights. It's a violation of the U. N.  Convention Against Torture. It's a violation of the United States Detainees Torture Act of 2005. The CIA has said that it has not used this since 2003. It prohibited the use in 2006, and so on and so forth. So you would think that there seems to be some consensus growing that it is unlawful. And yet the attorney general has yet to define waterboarding as torture and illegal.","So why is it so hard to determine whether it's torture or not?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A's turn: The actual meaning is that John McCain's position on enhanced interrogation techniques is inconsistent with what he has been saying on the campaign trail, and he seems to be trying to reconcile this inconsistency. The words used may imply that John McCain is being deceptive or inconsistent.","questions":"What is the inconsistency in John McCain's position on enhanced interrogation techniques?","answer":"Inconsistency"}
{"text":["Well, what keeps you up at night?What do you worry about?","Well, I'm worried that this process is getting chaotic. Two and a half years ago, Great Britain had a referendum, decided to leave the European Union. But it did not decide what kind of future relationship it wanted with the 27 member states.","And because this was all about free trade, you have to know that half of the trade of Great Britain is with the other 27 EU member states, and the other half is with other countries in the world, foremost among them, the U. S.  and China. We're one year and four months into the negotiation process. And here, finally, is the proposal of Great Britain - what future relations should be. That's a bit late in the process. This particular proposal should have been there on day one.","Now, at the moment, there are 3 million EU citizens living in Great Britain, and about 1. 2 million British live in EU countries. Their rights are undefined, so it's not clear what they can do. And as you get closer to the deadline, these people are really worried. And by the way, there are industries in which there are quite a few foreigners, so if you take them out all at once, you may also have a problem keeping it going.","In the Netherlands, we know we have 30,000 businesses, mostly small and medium enterprises, that export only to EU countries, Great Britain included. That means that they've never seen a Customs and Excise control officer. They will have to get used to go through Customs and Excise."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Great Britain's process of leaving the EU is chaotic","questions":"How would you describe the process of Great Britain leaving the EU?","answer":"Chaotic"}
{"text":["I think the - the city will continue as it is. It's still the heart of all economic activity, of business. The plan to move the capital of Jakarta somewhere else is nearly 60 years old. The first Indonesian president, I think, in 1957 already came up with plans. In fact, they build a city in another part of Indonesian Borneo that was going to be the new capital.","Now, that didn't happen. But - so these plans are - have been around for a long time, and this has also got to do with taking the center of Indonesia's power, which is now concentrated on the island of Java, more centrally to Indonesia.","So the proposed new location in Borneo - is that a better choice for a capital?","It's not too bad. I've lived in the area for quite some time. There is tropical rainforest, and the government has emphasized that they want this to be a really green development. There's going to be no deforestation. There's going to be very smart planning. Of course, environmentalists like myself are concerned about what is going to happen once you move a million people into a relatively sparsely part of Indonesian Borneo. That likely will have significant impacts on the environment."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The plan to move the capital of Jakarta somewhere else is still under consideration after 60 years.","questions":"How old is the plan to move the capital of Jakarta?","answer":"Age"}
{"text":["Unidentified Woman #5: Oh, I'm afraid my boyfriend will come back from Iraq and not like the person that he sees, just remember me and all of my quirks through text instead of through reality.","Unidentified Woman #6: I'd rather deny who I was than face my grandma not talking to me anymore.","Unidentified Woman #7: When I'm with the guys, I joke around about checking out other girls with them, but I'm not really joking because I'm gay.","Those secrets were confessed into Martina Castro's microphone. She's a producer based in San Francisco. The \"Post Secret\" exhibit will be on display in Northern California until April 19th. You can see some of those postcards at our blog, npr. org\/daydreaming."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : She does not want to deal with her grandmother no longer speaking to her.","questions":"Which woman would rather deny who she was?","answer":"UnidentifiedWoman#6"}
{"text":["No. From a technical point of view and economic point of view, I think objectively one would say no. Psychologically and politically at this point, because this issue had become central for more than 10 years, if they give up on that, they would lose politically. So, at this point, it's a political psychological necessity.","They want to be able to say we're - we made a real deal, we're a real country, we can enrich uranium if we want.","Exactly.","Is that a good technical - technically speaking, given your knowledge in this area, is that a good precaution for so many nations to have?I mean, what's the step between nuclear enrichment for peaceful purposes and developing a bomb?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"They want to be able to say we're - we made a real deal, we're a real country, we can enrich uranium if we want.\"  The speaker is suggesting that the desire for the ability to enrich uranium is not solely motivated by a practical need, but also by a desire for national prestige and recognition as a \"real country.\" The implied meaning is that there may be political and symbolic reasons behind a country's pursuit of nuclear capabilities, not just technical or practical ones.","questions":"Which motivation is suggested to be behind a country's pursuit of nuclear capabilities according to the implied meaning of turn 1?","answer":"Political"}
{"text":["Sure, the dollar's stronger today, and it really underscores what has been happening for several months now. The equity market is much lower today, and the dollar is stronger against most major currencies. And the reason for that is because it's what we call a risk averse trade or basically buy the safest thing you can find play. So, when the equity markets go down, people like to buy dollars.","And then large part is in this because so many other currencies around the world are doing even worse than we are.","Well, yeah. I mean, the other countries are doing worse, that's for sure. Europe has some serious problems, Japan, China, but what it boils down to really is where's the safest place to put your money on a short term basis. And time and time again, that ends up in short-term treasury bills in the United States because they're backed by full faith of the U. S.  government. Certainly, if you look across the planet, growth rates have dropped dramatically in the month of January, for instance. In Canada, they were down about 14 and a half percent, in Europe, down seven percent. But places like Brazil were down 30 percent, and Russia was down 45 percent.","Some economists read this as a bet that the U. S.  wasn't just the first country to fall into a mess but will also become the first one out of it. Do you agree?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The information does not boil down, but it gets to the most practical facts.","questions":"What is the reason for the dollar's strength against most major currencies?","answer":"Risk"}
{"text":["Well, we are looking at some very basic notions. We're not going to get into all the fine technicalities of the Geneva Conventions. But things like deliberately killing civilians or shooting at ambulances or hospitals or doctors or mistreating prisoners, torture, things like that.","So, for example, somebody - I hate to use the term - player in the game harms civilians, some kind of price could be exacted from the score?","Actually, there are games which do that now. In one game, for example, a company that we've worked with, if you start shooing indiscriminately at civilians, someone from your own side may start shooting at you.","And have you or other officials of the International Committee of the Red Cross spoken with video game producers?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) has an actual meaning different from its literal meaning. The speaker is discussing how video games can impose consequences for harming civilians in-game, and how this is similar to the rules set by the Geneva Conventions in real-life conflicts. The implied meaning is that video game developers have a responsibility to consider the consequences of their game mechanics and the messages they send to players.","questions":"How does the speaker suggest that video game developers should approach the consequences of their game mechanics?","answer":"Responsibility"}
{"text":["Well, there might be something of a disconnect between the president and others in his administration. Others in his administration want to resolve what has been an escalating and ongoing trade dispute with China. What's being discussed here are $200 billion in tariffs on Chinese products. It isn't official yet, but according to many reports, it is coming. The question is whether these tariffs are a means to an end, the idea that you would be tightening the screws on China to get them to change their behavior and that then these tariffs would be dropped, or whether it's an end in itself.","And to hear the president - last week he tweeted something that would make it seem as though he thinks that tariffs may be good on their own. He says that the U. S.  is under no pressure to make a deal with China. China is under pressure to make a deal with us. Quote, \"Our markets are surging. Theirs are collapsing. We will soon be taking in billions in tariffs and making products at home. If we meet, we meet. \"","That's NPR White House correspondent Tamara Keith. Thank you so much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Screws are not tightened but pressure is being applied to China regarding tariffs.","questions":"Which country is being discussed in the turn?","answer":"China"}
{"text":["Well, the Republican reaction is pretty typical. Whenever we see Donald Trump act like a stress test on democratic institutions, Republicans in Congress are usually silent. They don't seem to be concerned by the president involving himself in an internal investigation or openly calling for the Mueller investigation to end unless they are Republicans who are not running for re-election. So we have heard some criticisms from Republicans who are planning to retire. In the past, Republicans have come to the defense of Attorney General Jeff Sessions because the president has relentlessly humiliated and criticized him. And Republican senators have stood up for Sessions. He's become a kind of proxy for the rule of law. What we don't know is if firing Bob Mueller is a kind of red line for Republicans in Congress. That's really the big question.","So what do we know about the Justice Department?What are they saying about all this?","Well, there has been pushback from former DOJ officials who say this firing was inappropriate. We also know how Andrew McCabe has reacted. He said he was singled out and treated this way because of what he witnessed in the aftermath of the firing of James Comey. He says that he was fired to undermine the credibility of the Mueller investigation. We also know that McCabe made contemporaneous notes just like his boss, James Comey, did. All FBI agents are trained to do this. And coincidentally, James Comey is about to embark on a book tour, one of the highest-profile book tours ever.","Yes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Republicans in Congress are complicit in Trump's attacks on democracy.","questions":"How do Republicans in Congress usually react to Donald Trump's actions on democratic institutions?","answer":"Complicit"}
{"text":["So you're comparing yourself in this book to a great revolutionary. And in this book you write: Almost 30 years ago, I tried to write a book I hoped might free my brother from a life sentence in the penitentiary. Everything written after that book - and basically didn't work - everything written after that book worked even less. Are you upset that words can't change more?","Well, I'm upset, and I also know better than to think that they really can. What words change - the power of words is to change the individual's sensibility, to change the individual conscience. And every now and again, there are words which allied or aligned with politics and good luck and external conditions in the world. There are words and phrases and slogans that really can manifest change.","What specifically - if you had to pick a phrase from him, what would it be?","It would be: Make of me a man who questions. Make of me a man who questions. And I would certainly put that on a T-shirt and wear it around."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Words have limited power to change the world, but they can change individuals.","questions":"How can words have an impact on an individual's conscience and sensibility?","answer":"Sensibility"}
{"text":["Good morning. You've talked to some serious names in this investigation - Carter Page, Trump's former foreign policy adviser. You've talked to a woman who was Paul Manafort's travel partner to the Ukraine. I'm curious, just on a professional level, how did you get the access?","Variety of ways - a little bit of trading information, a little bit of looking up emails and cold calling people and just - I don't know - general doggedness, I guess.","Yeah. What is the conversation like?Hi, I'm Jeff Jetton, reporter from Toki Underground ramen shop?","I don't really describe myself. I don't have a - I don't label myself really. I've done some interviewing in the past and just, you know, strike up a general conversation with people usually in sort of a casual environment. And for some reason, usually, people will talk to me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Hi, I'm Jeff Jetton, reporter from Toki Underground ramen shop?\" has a figurative meaning as it is a humorous and self-deprecating way of asking how the interviewer approaches sources and gets access to information. It is not a literal statement of the interviewer's identity or profession.","questions":"How does the interviewer's humorous introduction serve as a metaphor for their approach to obtaining information?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["Those same streaks are in Europe. We're seeing people who are rebelling against the European Union, the open market, the open borders, who are rebelling against migration and refugees and who have lost out or feel that they have lost out on globalization and trade and are now opposing trade. So the same phenomenon we see here in the United States you also see in Europe. And in that sense, we are having a crisis that really affects Western liberal democracies writ large.","I wonder what you'd say, Mr. Ambassador, to a citizen of Belgium or France who might say now a united Europe is just too bureaucratic and too centralized to protect its population.","Well, I think that is a sentiment you are hearing increasingly in places like Belgium and France that - the problem is that the threat is not just from without but it is also from within. Belgian citizens, people born in Belgium, blew up the metro station and airport, where French citizens born in France who blew up the concert hall and stadium in - last November.","That threat needs to be dealt with not only by the countries themselves but can more effectively be dealt with by the Europeans coming together, sharing intelligence, which is not what they're doing right now, protecting their external borders much better than they have been able to do, rather than each individually trying to deal with this challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : That threat needs to be dealt with not only by the countries themselves but can more effectively be dealt with by the Europeans coming together, sharing intelligence, which is not what they're doing right now, protecting their external borders much better than they have been able to do, rather than each individually trying to deal with this challenge.\"  The actual meaning implied here is that the threat mentioned should not be solely addressed by individual countries acting alone, but it would be more effective if European nations collaborate and work together. It suggests that collective action and cooperation among European countries are crucial for effectively combating the mentioned threat.","questions":"How should the Europeans deal with the mentioned threat?","answer":"Collaboration"}
{"text":["And what do you serve?I said $5 bowls of cereal, but expand on that menu if you could.","We sell 120 different cereals from all over the world. So we import cereals from America, from New Zealand, from Australia, from France, from Israel. We import cereals from all over the world, so it's a real experience coming in here because the walls are just littered with cereal memorabilia, toys that you used to get in the boxes. It's a real experience.","Now, I don't for a moment expect you to identify with the people who attacked your store. But can you - can you see where fancy bowls of cereal would kind of fit into their agenda about the world, their neighborhood changing right before their eyes?","I can see their point, but there's also a Versace shop that has just opened up around the corner. They're complaining that people in the area can't afford to come here and afford four pounds for a meal. But there's a Versace shop open around the corner and I think it's - very, very few percent of people in this neighborhood would even be able to walk in there and buy anything. I know I couldn't."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Now, I don't for a moment expect you to identify with the people who attacked your store. But can you - can you see where fancy bowls of cereal would kind of fit into their agenda about the world, their neighborhood changing right before their eyes?\"","questions":"How does PersonB feel about the potential connection between fancy cereal bowls and the attackers' agenda?","answer":"Curiosity"}
{"text":["Ukraine, I think, has enough storages of gas for this winter, but nevertheless, it's a long-term issue that Ukraine really has to address.","Yeah and it owes billions to Russia, doesn't it?","It owes some on the contracts it has and there's a negotiation going on at the moment between Russia and Ukraine on those contracts. But the fundamental point for Ukraine is its energy efficiency levels are very low. If Ukraine could get to Western European levels of energy efficiency, it would actually need to import very little gas at all.","But how do they do that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), B's comment about Ukraine owing billions to Russia is not directly related to A's comment about Ukraine's gas storage and long-term energy issues. B's comment is an implication that Ukraine's ability to address its energy issues may be hindered by its financial obligations to Russia. It also suggests a possible underlying political tension between Ukraine and Russia.","questions":"Which comment in the dialogue implies a possible political tension between Ukraine and Russia?","answer":"Comment"}
{"text":["Yeah. Did Joan love Ray, really?","You know, it's easy to think that perhaps she married him because of his money. But it's been hard to sort of root out exactly what she felt. What she said in interviews a number of times was very circumspect - what is love?But I do know that people who knew them both say that it was a long passion - that it wasn't just as simple as a beautiful, young woman running off with a rich man. Certainly, you know, the facts bear that out. It took them so long to get together, and there was a huge price to be paid with both their families.","She really made a difference in the way we think of and treat addiction, didn't she?","Oh, she did, and in such an interesting time. In the '70s, even before Betty Ford had famously stepped forward and talked about her struggles, Joan was convening people who were early thinkers in how to treat people differently. You know, AA had been around, of course, for decades. But there was a movement in the '70s to get people to look at the whole person with alcoholism. And Joan was really passionate about getting the word out."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"Joan was really passionate about getting the word out\" - Implied meaning: Joan was determined to spread awareness of the new way to treat people with addiction.","questions":"How was Joan's attitude towards spreading awareness of the new way to treat people with addiction?","answer":"Passionate"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me with you.","So, let's start with what exactly they are.","Okay. Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors. They're growth of muscle within the uterine wall. And sometimes they can be the size of a dime, and because of their location, they give you severe symptoms. And rarely, they can get to be the size of a basketball before they're recognized.","That's sounds pretty horrific.","It can be. It's amazing how much difficulty they can give to women that, in general, women can have severe menstrual bleeding - the kind of bleeding that keeps you home from work or keeps you from being able to do your daily activities - or they can press on a lot body structures. And they are very common, and it's surprising that so few women know that they have fibroids and that their symptoms may be related to them.","Now, research shows that about 25 percent of women in America are going to show some symptoms of fibroids, but they occur a lot more often in black women than white women. How much more often and why do scientists think that is?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : Now, research shows that about 25 percent of women in America are going to show some symptoms of fibroids, but they occur a lot more often in black women than white women. How much more often and why do scientists think that is? Implicated meaning: Asking for information about the higher incidence of fibroids in black women and the reasons behind it.","questions":"Which group of women are more likely to suffer from fibroids?","answer":"black-women"}
{"text":["Well, a number of the Iraqis have wished us a happy new year. They know that New Year's is a pretty big deal for us. But right now, our new year is coinciding with the Ashura pilgrimage, which is a Shia holiday. And so, a number of the Iraqis are making their way down to the holy cities in Najaf and Karbala.","And the loudspeakers on a lot of the mosques are broadcasting prayers pretty much all day and all night. So that makes it a little bit interesting when we try to sleep, but we know that that's a real large holiday for them, as well.","Right. So I don't know if you can characterize it, but what's the general mood there among the soldiers as the year turns?","Well, a lot of the soldiers are really looking back on this year as one where we've made tremendous progress. My unit in particular, when we left at the end of 2006, things were really rough, and there was a lot of sectarian violence. And we really didn't know which way this thing was going to turn."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The loudspeakers broadcasting prayers all day and all night is causing disturbance for the soldiers trying to sleep.","questions":"How are the soldiers affected by the loudspeakers?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["And that's the predominant tribe?","That's the predominant tribe. And I think the government will tell you that this is not happening. And it's true that the other sides in this war are also committing atrocities. But what reporting from monitoring groups set up by East African states has found is that the government is leading the charge.","Where is the mediation efforts?Where are other African nations?Where is the United States in trying to bring an end to this conflict?","Everyone is sort of putting their hopes on this peace agreement that brought momentary peace in 2016. The problem is that the former vice president is now in exile in South Africa and not part of these talks. So, you know, observers essentially say this is a dead end."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The government is denying their involvement in the atrocities","questions":"What is the government's stance on their involvement in the atrocities?","answer":"Denying"}
{"text":["Right, so I would assume we'll continue seeing kind of similar-shaped tablets, you know, a large screen, maybe one to three buttons on the face. There hasn't been a lot of design innovation on the tablet front, which is kind of disappointing, but we probably will start seeing more innovative smartphone designs in the future.","Now, when we talked before, before the trial, the analysts were saying this is really not about Samsung, it's about Google and its Android operating system. That's the shot across the bow.","Right.","How will that affect Google?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Samsung is not the main target, Google is","questions":"What is the main target?","answer":"Google"}
{"text":["Initially, Manaf was very close to Bassel. I mean, he was his childhood friend. But when Bassel died and Bashar became the heir, obviously, the friendship and the loyalties were transferred to Bashar. And Manaf was by Bashar's side, you know, from the get-go.","You know, in 2011, when the uprising started, here, Manaf made the break and said, you know, I'm not going to be like my father, Mustafa; I'm not going to kill, you know, to preserve this regime. So he stepped back and eventually had to leave the country.","When you talked to Manaf Tlass, who was a loyalist for so long, what does he say is the moment when he said, I got to get out of this - this friendship, this country?","Initially, when the uprising started, Manaf was trying to convince Bashar not to use violence, not to actually shoot protesters. But the problem is, you know, Bashar was surrounded by these hardliners - his brother Maher al-Assad and his cousin Hafez Makhlouf. So this is very much a family affair ruling Syria. These people were for actually shooting people from the first day. And the idea was if you shot enough people from the first day, you would scare them off the streets. That was the logic."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Bashar and his family members were the main supporters of using violence to suppress the uprising.","questions":"What was the reason for shooting protesters from the first day of the uprising according to the logic mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Scare"}
{"text":["I'm - so far, pretty much silence, but I also think that this is very different from the past allegations. This is something that will be much harder for Republicans to defend without looking even more craven than most voters. . .","OK.",". . . Will tolerate. You know, we can't base our foreign policy on whether foreign leaders are willing to do political favors for the president.","And we'll have to leave it there. Representative Tom Malinowski, Democrat of New Jersey. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"we'll have to leave it there\" implies that the tv show is over.","questions":"What does turn 3 imply about the show?","answer":"End"}
{"text":["May of 2014.","Wasn't open very long, was it?","No, it wasn't. They said it was an experiment.","I don't expect you to make any effort to understand Wal-Mart's point of view. We've done a number of these interviews over the years, and people complain when Wal-Mart's open. And so now they're closing. Can you see from their point of view?You're saying that, you know, Wal-Mart might say people complain whatever we do. They just don't like us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The speaker is implying that Wal-Mart is not genuine in its claim that the store closure was an experiment, and that it may have been a strategic move to avoid further criticism and negative publicity. ","questions":"What was the reason for Wal-Mart's store closure according to the implied meaning of turn 2?","answer":"Strategic"}
{"text":["Which might help to explain why the Office of the Special Counsel has said that the document described does not exist because you wrote in the book it was a, quote, \"draft indictment,\" which sounds like something a little different.","Well, yeah. I guess it depends upon how you define a draft indictment. Yes. And I think it's very possible. I mean, the special counsel, when it responds, has become quite a gifted prevaricator. It is quite possible that they responded accurately but that nevertheless this document exists and goes to trying to understand a very significant moment in the thinking of the special counsel.","So the statement from Peter Carr, Robert Mueller's spokesman, is the documents described do not exist. You insist you have a document in your possession and maybe the difference here is on the word described. He thinks you described it wrong.","It is quite possible, yes."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Office of the Special Counsel has the document described, but it may not be called a 'draft indictment.'","questions":"What did the Office of the Special Counsel say about the document described?","answer":"Does"}
{"text":["And Kellie, I hear a child behind you. May I ask, are you in a clinic?","Yeah. So I'm inside the health clinic at the refugee settlement.","OK. So you have a clinic set up to deal with Ebola cases. You also have, as you say, thousands of Congolese crossing the border every couple of weeks into the settlement where you are. What is the level of worry that you might get more cases?","People are very worried. I think until the outbreak stops in DRC, then the chances that new cases arrive in Uganda is very high."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The chances of new Ebola cases arriving in Uganda are high until the outbreak stops in DRC.","questions":"What is the main concern regarding new Ebola cases in Uganda?","answer":"Arrival"}
{"text":["And actually, when I used to go home at about midday to sleep, everyone was in work still, so it was very quiet. So I liked the fact that I was almost like a bat - you know, vampire bat - coming out purely at night and disappearing when the sun came up.","One of the important qualities in baking that you talk about in this book is the importance of touch.","Yeah. Yeah, absolutely. I mean, in this world of health and safety, I remember - there's a lot of, you know, they try and encourage the bakers to wear gloves - rubber gloves when you're kneading bread. I mean, what?","I mean, this is one of the oldest traditions in the world. And to get bakers to wrap up their hands so they can't feel the dough - it's that touch, which you cannot teach - it's something you have to practice, practice, practice and get used to. And once you have that touch, you can make anything because it's all about consistency - baking - whether it's consistency in a sponge, in a great pastry or, indeed, a good bread."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is emphasizing the importance of developing a skillful touch when baking, which can only be achieved through consistent practice.","questions":"How can one develop a skillful touch when baking?","answer":"Practice"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Suffering from schizophrenic paranoia. And the other one says that he was a narcissist, and that it was possible to put him in jail, and not in a hospital.","And as he's been presented in the courtroom, how did he hold up under cross-examination?One thing to read out your own statement on your own behalf, another to face a prosecutor.","He's been - like I said, he's been very self-confident. He's given - his answers are very stable. He speaks very well for himself. And except the fact that his ideology is, to say it weakly, it's very special and it's very extreme. As he says himself, he's a violent extremist. He's a militant, violent extremist, and that's what he wants to be, and he doesn't really try to get away from that fact."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that someone is suffering from schizophrenic paranoia and another person believes they should be put in jail instead of a hospital. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is discussing the mental state of someone else and their legal situation, which may be relevant to the conversation but is not explicitly stated.","questions":"How is the ideology of the person being discussed described?","answer":"Violent"}
{"text":["Arthur Thomas took Jeni Stepien's hand as the music at her wedding reception started. He did my father-daughter dance with me and then handed me to my mom, she wrote on Facebook. It was truly the best day of my entire life.","The Department of Health and Human Services says that almost 30,000 people received organ transplants in the United States in 2014. But 22 people a day die, on average, while waiting for a transplant, in part because there's a shortage of organs available.","Charity Tilleman-Dick, an opera soprano who's become a vocal advocate for organ donation, has had two double lung transplants at Cleveland Clinic. She still sings. I'm alive today because a family in Ohio turned their tragedy into a miracle, she told us. Some people say life's not a sprint, it's a marathon. It should be a relay. When you round mortality's final bend, pass the baton. In death, we can give breath. We can give grace. We can give life.","(Singing) Another day, a day of grace, is given us from on high."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  In this turn, Charity Tilleman-Dick is implying that people can help to save the lives of others by donating their organs after they die, which is much different from the literal meaning of the words.","questions":"Which soprano is a vocal advocate for organ donation?","answer":"Charity"}
{"text":["Well, it was a a very powerful scene. Francis stood with his head bowed in prayer next to the Armenian apostolate patriarch and a group of black hooded Orthodox bishops while musicians performed a mournful melody on an ancient Armenian flute that's called the duduk. Here's what it sounds like.","The memorial itself is very impressive - 12 tall, slanted slabs of rock that suggest figures in mourning in a circle around an eternal flame. Francis prayed, and then he wrote in the memorial guest book, here I pray with pain in my heart so that never again will there be tragedies like this. He went on - may God protect the memory of the Armenian people. Memory should never be watered down or forgotten. Memory is the source of peace and the future. And I've heard a lot of Armenians who are mostly Orthodox express admiration and thanks that the leader of the Catholic Church acknowledges their history and loyalty to the Christian faith.","Before the pope landed in Yerevan, I gather he met with reporters on the plane. And he was asked about the subject of the past couple of days - Britain's exit from the European Union. What did he say?","Well, he looked very pensive, and he said this was the will of the people. He added this requires a great responsibility on the part of all of us to guarantee the good of the people of the United Kingdom and also the good and coexistence of the entire European continent."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Memory should never be watered down or forgotten.Memory is the source of peace and the future. - This implies that it is important to remember the past in order to build a peaceful future.","questions":"What did Francis write in the memorial guest book?","answer":"Prayed"}
{"text":["Yes, actually nine years ago, April 2007, I collapsed from sleep deprivation and hit my desk on the way down and broke my cheekbone. And that was my wake-up call in terms of changing my own life, understanding the science behind the need for sleep and also looking around and seeing how many millions of us are in similar states of perpetual exhaustion to the point where it becomes the new normal and we don't even notice it.","Isn't there a kind of macho, if you please, attached to lack of sleep or people who feel they only need a little sleep to function?","Oh, absolutely. You know, there is a tremendous braggadocio going on. I mean, I had dinner with a guy recently who bragged that he had only gotten four hours sleep the night before. And I didn't say it, but I thought, did you know this dinner would've been a lot more interesting if you had gotten five?","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Turn 4 has an implied meaning that conveys a sense of irony or humor. While the speaker's comment is framed as a joke and elicits laughter from their conversation partner, it also carries a serious message about the importance of getting enough sleep.","questions":"What is the tone of the PersonA's comment in turn 4?","answer":"Humor"}
{"text":["There is also a pledge now by this, again, outside group, the opposition coalition, to actually try to form a government in exile as soon as this weekend. It's a long-time coming.","Yeah. This has been going on for a while. They've talking about forming this government in exile for a long time. As we've seen with many of these different Syrian opposition groups, the political groups, the people who are based outside, they have a hard time. There's some reasons for that. I mean, it's hard for someone to say they want to claim responsibility as the leader of a group because they immediately become a target, their families become a target from the Syrian regime. But there's also just a lot of disagreement about who should lead. Should he be from the south?Should he be from the capital - he or she?Should he be a she?","You know, and, you know, secular, Islamist, which group - Christian minority, majority Sunni, so these are the questions that they're all hammering out. There's supposed to be a meeting in the coming ways. We've heard that that might be postponed.","Really?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Based outside\" doesn't mean they are outdoors, it means they are outsiders to the current government. They are not in power now.","questions":"How are the Syrian opposition groups based outside?","answer":"Outsiders"}
{"text":["So you had the U. K.  negotiating bilateral agreements with, like, Australia and Canada and India, right?And then I read you also had Germany forming its own bloc with members, countries that it had relationships with. And the U. S.  did something similar.","That's right. The origins of the British trading bloc really go back to World War I. And a lot of the considerations are of a military nature, a geostrategic nature. They were bottlenecked in some supplies, especially for the military, and that's why the British government was thinking more about how to secure its supplies. And that happened on the German side as well. Germany was preparing for war. They were gearing up for war, so they needed to make sure they had the right supplies, especially for the military.","Now, you write that if similar patterns play out today, we could see a, quote, \"reorientation of world trade around China- and U. S. -centric trade blocs. \"How likely do you think that is?","Well, it depends on the politics. The White House wants to have a more bilateral approach where the U. S.  deals with one individual country, as opposed to a group. And China now wants to create a system of its own. So that does include establishing a sphere of influence in Asia. And each of them will want to build up their own realm where they have the power in the region.","What do you think is at stake here?If this approach continues, what are your main concerns?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The British trading bloc formed to secure military supplies during World War I.","questions":"Which war led to the formation of the British trading bloc?","answer":"World-War-I"}
{"text":["Yeah, gosh.","And so I got up and ran. And it wasn't too far. But I just - at that moment, I thought, I don't want to be shot in the back, and I need to find some cover. And there's really no place to hide. But there are these. . .","You found a little, like, alcove that you could duck into.","There was a little alcove, yeah. And I just made myself as small as I could in that little corner."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : duck in this context means to avoid something hitting you in the head","questions":"How did PersonA use the alcove?","answer":"Duck"}
{"text":["So I ran the numbers, and the numbers do check out. As far as on Instagram, Horseshoe Bend's popularity, be it in its hashtag or in its geotag, is normally 10 times as popular as anything else in that area.","But is that really a problem?Doesn't that popularity just mean that it might not be as unique, but it's still beautiful?It's still there. People can see it.","Well, popularity is very important. The outdoor world needs more visitors and better accessibility. The difficulty with managing that side of it is that construction can have adverse effects to the natural areas if you start doing different buildings and that sort of thing on top of it, but yes.","Is this an anomaly, though, when we're talking just about Horseshoe Bend or have you seen other spaces that have changed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"the outdoor world needs more visitors\" - this means that more people should visit natural outdoor areas.","questions":"What is important for the outdoor world?","answer":"Visitors"}
{"text":["Tell us the story, Butch, behind this recording?","Oh, I was asked to come and work for ORT, or Orchestra, regionally, della Toscana. I was told I could have three days, three hours a day, to instruct the orchestra in the ways and means of conduction, and I refused for a long time.","For months I refused to do it because it's quite a stressful thing, I think, for most conductors who get three days to conduct something they already know with an orchestra that already knows the work, but for me to teach this way of working in nine hours, I thought, was going to be a little too stressful, so I refused.","Finally, I accepted, and I encountered the problems I thought I was going to encounter. First of all, the orchestra walked into rehearsal for the first time in their life where there was no music notation and no music stands, and they kind of freaked out because most musicians, especially symphonic players, go to rehearsal, and there's music and music stands."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The orchestra was not used to rehearsing without sheet music and music stands.","questions":"Which element of the rehearsal surprised the orchestra?","answer":"Sheet-music"}
{"text":["Yeah.","And when you see him and you're an American and you see that, you're like I did that. I can't run and hide and say that I don't have some kind of responsibility in that.","Yeah. How long did this take you to write?","You know, originally I tried to write a book actually about an American nurse during the American war there and I worked on that for maybe a couple of years. And I realized that that book I was working on should really just be a memoir. And the truth is that there are memoirs written by American nurses and doctors. And so I went back to Vietnam in 2010. And when I was there, that's when I discovered for the first time this story about a woman named Phan Thi Bich Hang, who is the, quote-unquote, \"official psychic of Vietnam. \"She was bitten by a rabid dog when she was 5 years old. And when she came out of her coma, she could hear the voices of the dead. And the government actually uses her to help them find the remains of soldiers and other people who are historically prominent in Vietnam."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"And the truth is that there are memoirs written by American nurses and doctors.\" The speaker is not necessarily asserting that this statement is objectively true, but rather using it as a way to transition from discussing their own failed writing project to their discovery of a new topic.","questions":"What was the PersonA's original writing project about?","answer":"Nurse"}
{"text":["So, if you wanted that kind of information, you certainly could have got it. And we know also that news delivery by old media in those days was much better than it is now. We're used to thinking of newspapers as I think, relatively poky. In those days, newspapers being sort of high-tech, there were lots of more them.","They came more often during the day. They were quite cheap, and there are some relatively reliable studies that show that the average urban-dwelling American probably had read two papers a day.","I wonder about this, how did people in the Great Depression think about the Great Depression especially in the early days, because they didn't have the Great Depression to hearken back to that their parents or grandparents had told them about?","Yeah, well, this is an excellent question. First of all, the thing that they looked back to if they wanted to think back to a time of real hardship, it would have been the depression of the early 1890s, which was about as close to them as the depression is to us, but closer actually. So, in the 1890s, you had upwards of 20 percent unemployment."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Reading two papers a day was common among urban Americans.","questions":"How often did urban Americans read newspapers?","answer":"often"}
{"text":["(Singing) I've got a question When you open your eyes And you see the Sunrise Are you strengthened?","'Cause the tear in your eye Is like a sad song Or a sweet lullaby Like the birds in the sky","Is it alright?Where has the love gone?Hold on. So I left my worries in the sand","Let's talk through some of the songs on your album. You're working with Victor Redwood Sawyerr."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Asking if the sunrise makes you feel stronger emotionally, not physically.","questions":"Which emotion?","answer":"sad"}
{"text":["Well, so what I got really interested in was that when the coat showed up, it showed up in a black plastic package from China Post. So I thought I was buying a coat from some brand that represented itself as kind of this modern gentleman. You know, I was expecting it to have its headquarters, you know, in New York or San Francisco or Los Angeles or something. And this thing is shipped direct from a technology park in China.","So I kind of started thinking like, well, what is this brand?And I started diving into this new class of online retailer that use a tool called Shopify, which allows anyone to kind of spin up a retail store in five minutes; sucks products in from a service called AliExpress, which is sort of like Amazon but in China, and it's dedicated to kind of the export market for Chinese and other Asian manufacturers; and allows - basically - consumers in the U. S.  to take a different route into this manufacturing ecosystem, which makes so many clothes, which makes so many consumer goods, in Asia.","When you ordered this coat, were you genuinely surprised to be able to trace this stuff back, or was that the whole idea?","Well, no. I was genuinely surprised. I was literally - I had been tagged in the Facebook advertising system, which Instagram also uses, as someone who likes to buy clothes. And what I came to find was that this is a pretty widespread phenomenon."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Modern gentleman\" is used figuratively to describe a brand's image or style, rather than a literal definition of a man who is modern and well-mannered.","questions":"How was the term \"modern gentleman\" used in the dialogue?","answer":"Figuratively"}
{"text":["He did. When I - the first time I called him up, the conversation went like this: Hello?Alan Feuer. And I said, hey, it's Alan Feuer. And he went, oh, good man. I've been meaning to call you. And he really did talk like that. That is absolutely how he spoke.","So something out of - well, a kind of a cross between Franklin Delano Roosevelt and London.","Something like that. You know, the way I pictured it was those, you know, those Preston Sturges movies where, you know, it's almost like an Anglophilic-New York accent.","Oh, we use to call it Long Island lockjaw."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Long Island lockjaw refers to a particular accent.","questions":"How is Long Island lockjaw defined?","answer":"Accent"}
{"text":["Like we have a song together called, \"You Think You Got It Bad. \"And what I do is, you know, we'll play the track. Then we'll ask him what do he think it needs?And he goes in the studio and do it. You know, it's never something like boy, you can write something for somebody else. You just have to leave everybody creatively open and just hope that it'll all work out.","(Singing) Everything happens for a reason. . .","Now, one of your collaborators, T. I. , was just sentenced to jail on weapons charges. He's, you know, hasn't started serving, yet. But you spent some time in jail yourself. And do you have any advice for someone like T. I. on how to deal with doing time?","Yeah. I think, you know, it is an opportunity. I mean, it's kind of a sad opportunity. I hate to, you know, get an opportunity to have a lot of time with yourself like that. But seeing as if you do, you have the ability to focus on something completely. You have no other outside circumstances that just need your attention like that. You know, he could, you know, write songs. He could find the cure to cancer. He could do anything, man."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"find the cure to cancer\" - The actual meaning of this phrase is to discover a treatment or cure for cancer. However, the intended meaning could be that this is an opportunity for T.I. to focus on something positive and productive, rather than simply serving time in prison.","questions":"Which disease could T.I. potentially discover a cure for while serving time in prison according to PersonB's advice?","answer":"Cancer"}
{"text":["Now, while you are putting all of that together and getting ready to write it, you still have a - have to do your shift with the overnight with the cops, right?","Yeah. That's about once a month. And we actually get - I actually get a break when I'm covering the legislative session, which lasts two months. I actually get a break because the younger reporters - they have to pull a night cop shift at least once a week. So I consider myself lucky.","Well, you have worked there for 18 years.","Eighteen years. Yeah.","I gather that you were not planning to stick around that long, but then you did. Why?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied Meaning: You have been employed with the company for 18 years, which is a long time.","questions":"Which company has PersonA been working with for 18 years?","answer":"Cops"}
{"text":["After they rejected President Obama's opening offer, Republicans issued a proposal of their own yesterday, which was promptly dismissed by the White House. One group that's already worked out a series of compromises to come up with a comprehensive proposal is a nonpartisan group called Fix the Debt. It emerged from the Simpson-Bowles Commission. Its ideas include higher taxes on the wealthy and tax reform, plus changes to Social Security and Medicare.","Former Republican Senator Pete Domenici serves on the steering committee of Fix the Debt, co-chairs the Debt Reduction Task Force at the Bipartisan Policy Center, and he joins us now by phone from his office in Washington, D. C. , and it's good of you to be with us today.","Thank you very much, Neal. I do want to clarify now, I'm not - I'm associated with the Bipartisan Policy Center. We put out our budget for use by the team working for the White House and the Republicans. It's not the same as the one you just announced.","All right."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They are just acknowledging the person's answer","questions":"What is the response of PersonB to PersonA's clarification?","answer":"alright"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. As you said, there's 150,000 British travelers, some 350,000 European and international travelers - all need to get home now. This is a huge job for the government. They're chartering planes. Right now there are planes landing, which they've had to charter. Big logistical nightmare, really expensive - cost of 100 million pounds-plus for the government here.","Wow.","So yeah, it's going to be one of those really interesting (laughter) but really complicated things to work out.","Daniel Thomas of the Financial Times. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 100 million plus means that it cost more than that.","questions":"How much did it cost the government for chartering planes to bring back travelers?","answer":"hundred"}
{"text":["That's right, that's right, and we essentially within the DNA give the instructions for that cell to read out the viral protein.","OK, so you put the cell to work, and then what happens?What's the second stage?","Well, then after a few months, we come back and we boost the immune response, and we can do that in one of two ways. We can actually inject the standard inactivated vaccine, the one that you and I get every year in our flu shot, or we can also do it by using a different type of carrier, a viral vector, an adenovirus, that can do the same thing.","In our human studies, we've actually done it with the standard flu vaccine."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The cell doesn't literally \"read\" the protein, it merely reacts to the stimili.","questions":"What does the cell do to the protein?","answer":"Read."}
{"text":["As the 2018 NFL season begins, professional football is still the most popular spectator sport in America. But it's declined 10 percent in viewership last year and is beset with tough questions about how the game destroys players while it earns billions of dollars and a continuing controversy over players demonstrating their social and political concerns during the national anthem. A sport once considered a source of national unity now inspires divisions.","Mark Leibovich, The New York Times Magazine correspondent who got the goods on official Washington, D. C. , in his bestselling \"This Town,\" has turned his attention to the National Football League - his new book, \"Big Game: The NFL In Dangerous Times. \"He's in our studios. Mark, thanks so much for being with us.","Good to be here, Scott.","I have to ask you a hard news question first. An arbitrator ruled this week Colin Kaepernick's grievance against NFL owners could go to trial. He says NFL owners have been colluding to keep him out of the game. Does this case have what I'll call Mueller-like potential?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Professional football is still popular, but it has declined in viewership and raised concerns over players' safety and political protests.","questions":"What is the subject matter of Mark Leibovich's new book?","answer":"NFL"}
{"text":["So, what do you think is the possibility that Secretary Kerry can accomplish something?What do you think would look like success to him in nine months?","Success, obviously, would be in the form of an agreement reached. And I think that to do so, Secretary Kerry is going to have to enlist the support, the proactive support, of the White House. That is the missing formula so far. Whereas the White House, of course, has offered its generous support, no agreement between the Palestinians and the Israelis have been possible. If it involved only the efforts of the State Department and did not invoke at some stage the active participation of the White House, of the U. S.  president himself, what looks to be the case, is that the White House feels that this has a very small chance of success and therefore has given the secretary some general form of support that the parties in the region do not see as enough to sort of push them into an agreement that has that support.","Marwan Muasher oversees research on the Middle East at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of (3) is that Marwan Muasher is a respected expert on the Middle East and his opinion is valued","questions":"Which organization does Marwan Muasher oversee research for?","answer":"Carnegie"}
{"text":["They found an interested buyer.","Because, you know, there's no question that there are some assets out there that are probably undervalued. But there are not private sector entities at this point, apparently, that have the capacity to buy and hold and take that risk. That's one of the things we want to explore. Are there entities other than the federal government that can do that?","Well, what are the risks there, that you would be stuck with carrying a bunch of bad debt?","The risk is that the taxpayer would lose some money."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : bunch of bad debt implies owing too many debts or inability to pay a lot of debts owed","questions":"What does \"bunch of bad debt\" imply?","answer":"owing"}
{"text":["Yeah. It's interesting. In Japan, it's the same prime minister that was in place six years ago, but the political environment, I think, has shifted in some dramatic ways. And so I think one of the interesting aspects of the Japanese situation is that the LDP has returned to power. The Liberal Democratic Party has returned to power. But now they have a party that is to the right of them.","And so we talk about those two states. And, of course, the other major player, the biggest in the region, China, where Xi Jinping took command just last month, formally.","That's right. I think we're still waiting to see how China's foreign policy priorities are really going to develop under Xi. The process seems to be moving slowly, and it's not necessarily terribly transparent at this point. We know there are new top leaders in the room, but it's just not clear exactly how they're making decisions or whether they're going to change much in terms of China's overall priorities.","And transparency's a problem in Beijing. It's positively - well, murky is too easy a word for what's going on in Pyongyang."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The political environment in Japan has shifted significantly despite the same prime minister being in power for six years.","questions":"How has the political environment in Japan changed?","answer":"Shifted"}
{"text":["Well I think this is what the Southern African Development Community is all about now, is trying to push forward, to say we can not continue with business as usual in Zimbabwe. There has to be a different way, and a better way, for the people of Zimbabwe.","So clearly there are economic measures that can be put forward by that Southern African Development Community. There are political pressures that can be brought to bear, not only by the Southern African region, but also, you know, by the African Union overall. And it is time to kind of push forward, beyond the quiet diplomacy here, to put pressure to make sure that we don't end up in endless discussions without a resolution to this crisis.","South Africa has also often been a leader in social issues, and now Archbishop Desmond Tutu has said that homophobia is, quote, \"A crime against humanity, and every bit as unjust as apartheid. \"","First of all, how's that playing on the home front?And secondly, you know, does it clash with some more traditional views that many people have?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Archbishop Desmond Tutu's statement that \"homophobia is a crime against humanity, and every bit as unjust as apartheid\" is not meant to be taken literally but rather it implies the severity of discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals.","questions":"Which statement was not meant to be taken literally but rather implies the severity of discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals?","answer":"Against"}
{"text":["Four-fifty a month, sorry, I think I missed it. But that would translate to, like, 15 hours a day.","Yeah, yeah.","You're saying yeah, like it's no big deal. I mean, but where does - what drives you?That seems like a lot of time.","It is a lot of time, but, I mean, at the end of the day, why does anyone do anything?It makes me feel alive, and it makes me feel excited about the world, I guess.","There's no ads on Brainpickings, either. Why did you make that decision?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He mentions what drives you as A is taking a his tasks with an overwork schedule. ","questions":"Which task is PersonA taking with an overwork schedule?","answer":"Tasks"}
{"text":["And we start today's program with an Easter Sunday tragedy in Sri Lanka. Coordinated bombings this morning killed more than 200 people and wounded hundreds more. The explosions happened in churches and in hotels popular with tourists. NPR's Lauren Frayer has been monitoring the situation from Mumbai, India, and she joins us now on the line.","Hi, Lauren.","Hi, Sacha.","Could you tell us what more you know since this morning about these bombings?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"start today's program\" - This turn literally means the beginning of the program, but it implies the start of discussing a tragic event rather than a typical program.","questions":"Which event is being discussed at the beginning of today's program?","answer":"Tragedy"}
{"text":["By now, you've probably heard this song over and over and over again - in commercials, on the radio, on TV shows. The tune, \"We Are Young,\" shot the band fun. into stardom. So this summer we're following fun. on their world tour, to see how long they can keep that fame going.","As bands get bigger, so does the size of their road crew. On this check-in, we spoke with Jackie Finney, who's the band's lighting director.","Basically, when a band hires a designer, they put together a look that - you know, when you go to see a live show, that's what you see. It can be anything from video to special effects - like, confetti - to the lighting fixtures. And we go into a warehouse, and we build the entire thing, and we set up the lighting console. And we program, cue-by-cue, every single step of every single song. So if you have, like, a really upbeat song - like, for example, their new single \"Some Nights. \"It's such a big hit when they play it. And I always start the lights sort of in the crowd, when that drum beat kicks in.","So for a song that's really upbeat and moving fast, I would do something like a white light, that's going to be bright and in people's faces. And then for a really slow ballad, there is more of like, ambers and magentas that are just like, kind of soft and just really beautiful."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"going to be bright and in people's faces\" - This is a figurative expression that means the light will be very intense and noticeable.","questions":"How would PersonA describe the lighting for an upbeat song?","answer":"White"}
{"text":["Oh, my goodness.","And it's been another brutal cycle. And the rhetoric is really intense. What do you hear?","What I hear and what I see and what's been the case for me for, gosh, two or three years now is that we are all having these conversations about big news of the day that dances around race and never really engages with it. I think, for me, the biggest example this week was President Trump's comments about possibly altering the 14th Amendment, which we know guarantees birthright citizenship. And so, you know, the history of that amendment is rooted in race. And I think a lot of folks have been really lacking to talk about that. But this amendment was passed for black people to give slave descendants the right to be citizens. And so we cannot talk about this adequately without talking about the racial history of the amendment, but even that is not enough.","Why not?Explain."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The conversations do not talk about race but avoid it.","questions":"What is the biggest example this week that PersonA mentions in the dialogue?","answer":"Trump'scomments"}
{"text":["Well, what's your evidence that that can be done?I mean, what is your evidence that you can?","What's the evidence that I could beat Donald Trump?","Yeah.","(Laughter) Well, I think there's 37 people trying to figure out how they can do it right now."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that people are already curious to know how A intends to defeat Trump.","questions":"How many people are trying to figure out how they can defeat Trump?","answer":"37"}
{"text":["It's been an exciting year for developments in space. Just earlier this week, SpaceX successfully landed a 15-story tall section of one of their rockets back on Earth. And joining me to discuss what's been going on off our planet during 2015 is NPR science correspondent Geoff Brumfiel. So explain exactly what happened that a part of the rocket returned.","In some sense, this was just another rocket launch for SpaceX. You know, they sent 11 communication satellites into orbit. What really makes this special is what happened to the big first stage of the rocket. Now, normally this would just fall back to Earth. But this time, SpaceX flipped it around and then flew it back to near the launch site and actually landed it. They fired the engines a second time and it sort of floated down onto the pad. It was pretty spectacular to watch.","The space pad looks big when you're looking at it on the Earth. But from space, it must be a tiny dot.","Yeah, I mean SpaceX describes it as trying to shoot a pencil over the Empire State Building, have it turn around and land in a shoebox vertically. That's how hard this is."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The size of the landing pad appears much smaller from space, highlighting the incredible precision required to land a rocket vertically.","questions":"How would SpaceX describe the landing process for the rocket?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["Right now, the police - I can't tell you for sure. I can tell you as to my prosecutors, what we did is we took the supervisor and the people involved in our charging decisions, and they actually help us work the system. So the process that we have created actually was a collaboration with people in my office. So they are supportive, and they're intrigued by what it's going to look like.","Again, we want to make sure that there are no negative unintended consequences to this. So we're going to be looking at it very closely. We are working with the Sanford people to make sure that we create the right metrics, you know?The goal here is to do something that will do the right things. And part of that will be learning and seeing if there are any negative unintended consequences that - we want to go back and fix them very quickly.","That is George Gascon. He is the district attorney for the city and county of San Francisco. George Gascon, thank you so much for talking with us.","My pleasure, Michel."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They are worried about any negative consequences of their actions and will fix them quickly.","questions":"How do they plan to address any negative unintended consequences?","answer":"Fix"}
{"text":["Well - I mean, I believe on Friday, certainly a lot of people thought that they had a deal in hand. Senator Schumer left the White House thinking that it was very close. And he says it got undone somewhere in the White House. It's not clear. . .","Well, I can't speak to that. I wasn't a part of that. But I don't think it was probably quite as imminent as they thought.","Look, I think the president's actually been very clear about the things that he wants. He wants to address border security, he wants to deal with chain migration, and he wants to deal with the lottery. And he's certainly willing to provide legal status for DREAMers. So if those are your four principle points and they've been known for months, there ought to be a way to reach an agreement.","Border security means a wall?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B implies that they are skeptical that border security means a wall.","questions":"What is PersonB's perception of what \"border security\" means?","answer":"Meaning"}
{"text":["Will you try and legislate in spite of the president instead of with him?I mean, it seems that he is distracting from what the Republican Congress is trying to do.","Oh, absolutely. I think we'll move forward without that. I think that the president can certainly - I mean, it would be helpful, obviously, if the president makes that pivot - and I certainly hope that he does - where he's certainly more deliberate, more thoughtful in his approach - certainly gets off this Twitter stuff (laughter) - where, you know, I think that, as commander in chief - and I've said this before - that the men and women who serve this country in uniform want to see a president focused on the fact that we're a nation at war and not in a Twitter war with Rosie O'Donnell.","And so I think - I hope that this president can self-correct - this presidency can stabilize. But the Congress needs to move forward with policies that matter to the American people. And the president is doing something important right now in having visited Saudi Arabia - and to strengthen our alliance with Saudi Arabia, to counter that Iranian - Syrian, certainly under Assad, and Russia axis of power that is strengthening.","You know, you're talking about Twitter, but there were reports last week that the president disclosed sensitive intelligence information from Israel to Russian diplomats in an Oval Office meeting. You're a veteran. Do you have any concerns about the president's national security judgment, just briefly?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"the Congress needs to move forward with policies that matter to the American people\" - literal meaning, refers to the Congress passing laws that are important to the citizens of the United States.","questions":"How should the Congress move forward with policies?","answer":"Policies"}
{"text":["I mean, there have been some high-profile examples recently of sort of ethically questionable journalism, you know, maybe at best. Do you think that - and this is sort of tangential, but do you think that that, the definition of plagiarism needs to be updated for the Web?","I mean, given that I started this thing, you mentioned the curator's code, I think about that a lot. I think plagiarism is kind of a harsh word that comes from the publishing world, you know, kind of a legacy term. And there are many layers to it. It's a little bit of a grab bag.","But online, one of the things that I think about a lot, which I think is a form of sort of neo-plagiarism as this idea of OK, you know, we live at a time where there's almost infinite information, and it takes time to find the meaningful and to separate it from the meaningless, and that's effort, and that's sort of creative labor.","And when someone does that, and let's say - you know, for example, one of my favorite sites, Open Culture, run by Dan Colman out of Stanford, he finds amazing archival stuff. You know, and he spends time in the archives looking for it. And then it gets sort of reported on, say, Huffington Post or Business Insider, just sort of regurgitated."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"regurgitated\", which is used here to describe the process of reusing someone else's work without adding any original content or value.","questions":"What is the term used to describe the process of reusing someone else's work without adding any original content or value?","answer":"Regurgitated"}
{"text":["Well, I believe it ran in Automotive News. I'm not sure where else it ran. And I think what the company is trying to do is adopt a tone of, you know, humility and modesty and say, look, we know we've messed up in the past and that sort of thing. It's always a risky kind of thing to do. On the other hand, you know, they might get points from the public or from the politicians for honesty.","I mean, there's two issues here. One is how they're asking for what they're seeking. So I think some sort of attitude of humility here I think is appropriate. But the other issue, and probably the more important issue, is just what they're asking for. So I think, frankly, to ask for an open-ended blank check under some sort of a nebulous oversight board, even if they're asking in a humble tone, it doesn't really get the job done.","The danger here is that this is going to become a never-ending, you know, government-subsidized machine, if you will. The other danger is that conditions will be imposed will be sort of phony symbolic gestures, such as limits on executive pay, which in and of themselves are not going to do anything to revive Detroit.","Paul Ingrassia writes about the automotive industry for the Wall Street Journal. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : government-subsidized machine implies a reason or mean through which actions take place ","questions":"How does the phrase \"government-subsidized machine\" relate to the dialogue?","answer":"Appropriate"}
{"text":["This is News and Notes. I'm Tony Cox. According to the American Medical Association, addiction is the most untreated treatable disease in America. It doesn't discriminate, affecting people without regard to race, sex, or economic status. And many addicts manage to function everyday without others knowing who they are. But how do they do it?Today, we continue our series on addiction with a look at functioning addicts. We're joined by Ed Storti, the author of several books and a certified alcohol and drug counselor and intervention specialist. Ed, welcome to News and Notes.","Thank you, Tony.","Let's begin with this. Give us an example of what a functioning addict is?","I think the functioning addict is one that's out there, they're on the freeway, they're going to work, they're trying to do the right thing, but ultimately, they're living in fear, they're living in emotional turmoil. Many find a way to sedate their feelings sometimes at night or early in the morning. But overall, they're still pulling it off. Meaning, folks haven't caught on or it takes for some folks, years and years. Personally, my youngest patient has been 12 years of age. My oldest patient has been 94 years of age. And I was just working with a group of people that the family said we need to intervene on this 82-year-old female. And I said when did you start noticing problems and issues with her and they said, well when she was about 41 years of age."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Functioning addicts hide their addiction while carrying on with daily life.","questions":"Which group of people did the family need to intervene on?","answer":"82-year-old"}
{"text":["Hey, Farai. How's it going?","I'm doing great. So, we survived the election and we keep on trucking. What are folks saying this week?","Well, as you can guess, we got several letters reacting to Senator Barack Obama's White House win. Here are a few responses we got on our web site. Alisha Brown wrote: Tonight I thank my dad for never being home as a kid because he was always gone registering people to vote. White people have no idea what the kids of civil rights leaders feel right now.","Then Diana McClone(ph) chimed in on a Web discussion about Senator Obama's racial identity to say this: I don't care if the person I voted for is green with polka dots and three eyes. So long as they convince me that they have the better plan for our country, they have my vote."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Diana McClone believes that policy is more important than the candidate's appearance.","questions":"How does Diana prioritize her vote?","answer":"Policy"}
{"text":["They are the showrunners.","That's right. And they were really, really supportive of it. They really liked it. So that made me feel good. And they really stood up for it. And they basically said, if you don't show it, then we're walking off the show. So the compromise was that a title card was put up, which, you know, may, in the end, have the same impact, or even greater impact than the spot itself. But, of course, personally, I would've liked people to have seen it.","Speaking of your animation, they said, we had concerns with some subject matter in the episode's animated short. This is the creative solution that we agreed upon with the producers. So you're a professional. Do you think this is a creative solution?","You know what?I don't know. I have to be kind of careful with what I say. I can kind of sympathize in a lot of ways with the decision they made 'cause I run my own business, and I'm pretty sort of pragmatic about, you know, decisions that are made. But I think it's just really kind of disappointing, if anything. And I think people would've really liked it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of the turn only provides information about the showrunners, but the actual meaning involves the compromise and the speaker's feelings about it.","questions":"How did the compromise affect the speaker?","answer":"good"}
{"text":["Well, we've seen - it's become more difficult under the Trump administration for members of the military to get citizenship. It's been more difficult for them to get paperwork filed for their family members. It's more difficult for them to prevent the deportation of their family members.","Well, how are they making it more difficult?What examples do you have?","During the Obama administration, Janet Napolitano had created a program called basic training naturalization. It allowed the troops to get their citizenship really quickly. And the Trump administration has eliminated that program. They've also made it harder for the troops to file applications for citizenship. And it's taking much longer for them to make a decision on those applications. Recently they also announced they were going to close some of the international USCIS offices that process people for citizenship overseas, which will make it even more difficult for military members.","Now, I understand that you were one of the people who started a program to recruit people who aren't U. S.  citizens into the U. S.  military. That program was known as MAVNI - Military Accessions Vital to the National Interest. The program has effectively been suspended - right?- but it already started slowing down during the Obama administration. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Trump administration has taken several steps that have made it harder for military members to get citizenship","questions":"What program did the Obama administration create to allow troops to get their citizenship quickly?","answer":"military"}
{"text":["You know, there are a number of reporters who've contacted me that have said, what do you we do?I've got sinusitis. What do I do?It clearly is a prevalent problem in the general population. But clearly, we need controlled clinical trials to determine the efficacy of these kinds of interventions. And the FDA has ruled that if we are doing such trials, we need investigational drug status for every species that we want to instill into a patient to treat our disease.","So it maybe a while before we can actually get to a point where we would be instilling these kinds of organisms into the sinuses. But it's certainly another way of thinking about treating chronic inflammatory disease, of the sinuses, at least. There's certainly prostins in the gastrointestinal tract. For example, when there's recalcitrant C.  difficile, clostridium difficile infection, which is this thing that outgrows when patients have had, again, a lot of antimicrobials and have depleted diversity. Fecal transplant works very well.","So taking the feces of a spouse or a relative, and basically repopulating the gastrointestinal tract with those species, has a rate of 91 percent efficacy. So I think we could consider this for mucosal services as, perhaps, the general rule that this kind of restoration ecology approach to try to reinstate the healthy protective organisms in this niches, maybe an alternative strategy for treating some of these chronic inflammatory diseases.","Yeah. Did we once all have them and they went away somehow?Or what - why did some of us have the healthy population and some of us don't?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The healthy protective organisms in mucosal services can be reinstated by repopulating the gastrointestinal tract with healthy species.","questions":"Which approach can be considered for treating chronic inflammatory diseases by reinstating healthy protective organisms in mucosal services?","answer":"Restoration"}
{"text":["Well, when I was in Durban, I spoke to an Ethiopian shopkeeper who had lost everything. His shop was broken into and it was ransacked. There was pretty much nothing left on the shelves. And it looked that someone tried to even torch the shop. But the shop belongs to a South African landlord. He was renting the shop out to the Ethiopian man. And there are many stories like that across KwaZulu Natal, which is where you'll find Durban, on the east coast of South Africa.","But there was considerable violence, and not just to property, but also to people?","Very much so. Five people died in the last two weeks, including two South Africans, might I say, who were killed during the violence. The South African mobs and looters had gone to shop after shop, which were owned by migrants - African migrants. And they looted them and they were taunting them, telling them that they're taking their jobs and their economic opportunities, they must go back to where they come from.","Is there something that the government can do to stop this happening?Like, for example, institute something that happens in a lot of industrial countries - a minimum wage, for example?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Were South African mobs and looters targeting African migrants?","questions":"How many people died during the violence in the last two weeks in Durban?","answer":"5"}
{"text":["So this is the second year that the numbers are up. What kind of numbers are we talking about?","We are reporting four hectares of overwintering colonies. That's 9. 1 acres. That is the area that they occupy, so that is indeed very good news compared to last year where we only had a little bit over one hectare.","You've been out in the field with them. Just describe for our listeners what - if they haven't been able to see them, what these monarch butterflies look like when they come to stay in Mexico.","Once they arrive to Michoacan - which is the name of the state where the forests are and the state of Mexico - they congregate on fir trees.","High up in the mountains - I mean, it's quite a steep climb to get there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) - Describe for our listeners what the monarch butterflies look like, instead of asking the listeners to actually go and see them. ","questions":"Which state is mentioned where the monarch butterflies congregate on fir trees?","answer":"michoacan"}
{"text":["Were you there three years ago when Katrina hit?","I was here when it actually hit and I left afterwards.","Wouldn't that have kind of prompted you to get out of the city?Because it was such a disaster there, so many people lost their lives and suffered really terrible, terrible deprivations over days and days.","Yeah and it was - because the levees broke, that happens."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B is referring to the Hurricane Katrina catastrophe in New Orleans and it aftermaths.","questions":"What catastrophe is PersonB referring to?","answer":"HurricaneKatrina"}
{"text":["They are the best kids in the world. You know, I'm really lazy, so I get up at seven, wake them up, and then go back to sleep for a half hour before I have to wrestle them school. And Chet snuck into my bed and just said, I'm not - you know, just daddy hug me, you know, at six still. And so I spent a half hour just hugging him. So the rest of my day was great because of that.","And Eva thinks that I'm, you know, like The Beatles rolled into one. It's amazing.","Yeah, yeah. What do you think has changed for them as kids from having a single father as opposed to a single mother or as opposed to a couple?How do you think it might have changed their lives?","That's a hard thing to figure out because, you know, when my ex-wife moved out, Chet was only about eight months old, and she moved down the street. So she still was in their life, but I've always been, you know, the primary person for both of them. So it's really the only thing they know."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : When A says, \"And Eva thinks that I'm, you know, like The Beatles rolled into one. It's amazing.\" The literal meaning is that Eva thinks that A is similar to The Beatles in some way. However, the intended meaning is that Eva holds a very high opinion of A.","questions":"Which famous band is PersonA compared to by Eva?","answer":"TheBeatles"}
{"text":["\"The Interview,\" a bromance.","Tamara, are these mostly symbolic sanctions?I mean, North Korea's already under significant sanctions.","Significant. There have been four UN Security Council resolutions adopted since 2006, as well as two U. S.  sanctions programs. These are largely targeted at North Korea's weapons development - nuclear weapons development. So you could easily argue that these new sanctions are just piling onto a pretty big pile already.","U. S.  officials insist, though, that these are new and different because they name 10 individuals, most of whom work for the country's main arms dealer. They say that this naming them is going to make it very hard for those people to do business basically anywhere in the world. The White House also says that there are more sanctions yet to come."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implies that the speaker is questioning whether or not the sanctions are just symbolic gestures with no real, tangible impact. ","questions":"Which country is targeted by the sanctions mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"North"}
{"text":["Yeah. I think people are starting to back away from that a little bit because there are enough little pockets where you could get some ice accumulating every summer and not melting out because, basically, you have the wind that pushes that together and piles it up. So you have always have a few places where it's piled up. But on the other hand, that will be a fairly small part of the Arctic, quite a small bit. So it's not - so for practical purposes, the ocean will look ice-free, and the North Pole may be sort of in a large area of no ice at all. Occasionally, right now, there are cracks and there are openings that drift around. And so, sometimes, the North Pole itself is in an ice-free area.","Open water, yeah.","But it could be possible to be in a large area of open water in the coming decades. That's the expectation.","The other enormous area of a white, reflective surface is the ice cap that covers the island of Greenland, the biggest island in the world. And that this summer also had a really powerful melt."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Arctic may have pockets of ice even when it appears ice-free","questions":"What is the reason for some areas in the Arctic to have ice despite appearing ice-free?","answer":"Wind"}
{"text":["Right. How did you feel when you found out about Epstein's death?","It was definitely not a good moment. And it's still not, you know?Even every single time I hear those words, there's a certain amount of anger that shoots through my blood that I can't explain.","What are you angry at?","I'm angry that there's no justice in that, you know?He's not ever going to be here to face the music or to hear the pain that he's caused or the lives that he's destroyed. I mean, after all I've gone through, I finally came forward. And it almost feels all for nothing now, you know?I'm sorry. I'm just, like, getting. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Epstein's death was a very emotional and upsetting event for A","questions":"How did PersonA describe their emotional state when they found out about Epstein's death?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["The president's reaction, they're happy with, I think. The alt-right - Lana actually - I asked her this specifically - I said, you know, what do you think about Donald Trump?And she said, let's be honest; he's not one of our guys. We've never thought that he was one of our guys.","But the more that he does not disavow the things that they believe in and either tacitly or directly supports them, the better.","Seyward Darby - her article \"The Rise Of The Valkyries\" is published in the September issue of Harper's Magazine. Thank you so much for speaking with us.","Thank you so much for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Thank you so much for speaking with us.\" - The literal meaning is the speaker thanking the person for speaking with them, and the implied meaning is likely just gratitude and appreciation.","questions":"How did Seyward Darby respond to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Appreciation"}
{"text":["Yes, yes indeed, yeah.","Where are they now?","They're blue-collar, and many of them remain Democrats, although when the national election comes, many of them outside of Allegheny County do start voting Republican. Part of the reason is that this is an older state, and for pensioners, unless the economy is really going haywire and frightening them about the condition of their pensions and the future of their Social Security, they are going to worry less about breadbasket issues than they're going to worry about the social flashpoint issues.","And out here, Democrats, and we're talking about liberals, Democrats are pro-Second Amendment. They're pro-life. They are very religious. They're socially conservative. Gay marriage simply confounds them as a theory. In other words, we're talking about a place where the liberals have guns.","And so, where are those liberals going?Are they going to Obama or McCain?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Liberals in this place have socially conservative views.","questions":"What are the political views of the liberals in this place?","answer":"Conservative"}
{"text":["Good to be with you, Scott.","So do you see the governor getting through the weekend?","It's hard to see how he can continue in politics, Scott. The visuals here are a hideous reminder at the very beginning of Black History Month of what passed for college humor not too long ago. Northam may be a changed man today. All indications are that he's been an agent of change and racial healing as a man in the military, a man of medicine in Virginia. And it just is so difficult to see how he can go on now with all these calls from all of his allies for him to step down.","And to repeat, it was in his medical school yearbook, and this must have been some kind of ticking time bomb."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : an agent of change is someone who speaks up for change","questions":"What kind of military man is Northam?","answer":"Undefined"}
{"text":["And, of course, a lot of the Democrats are aware of these shortfalls. And there are counties with only one insurance company and counties where it's not clear there are going to be any insurance companies. And some of that's been overblown, but there are real problems. And, of course, any bill, any large program, any law needs to be revisited and amended, and the parties need to get together to do that.","These insults this week flying back and forth between the president and Kim Jong Un - lunatic, frightened dog, dotard. I don't know about you, I had to look that one up.","We all did.","This is this just scenery chewing or are people in official Washington worried it could encourage something more destructive?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies that the speaker is asking if the exchange is just a show, or whether people in official Washington are actually worried that it could lead to something more destructive.","questions":"What is the PersonA's concern regarding the exchange between the president and Kim Jong Un?","answer":"Destructive"}
{"text":["Oprah can pass the mantle anytime and still be a billionaire.","Definitely.","And an entrepreneur, multimedia business owner. Nonetheless, if you are that good at something, it's got to sting a little bit, doesn't it?","See, I don't think it does. I think that Oprah is at a point in her career and in her life where she's done what she wants to do. I think that that's why she felt comfortable coming out for Obama, because I think she understood that that might affect her ratings. I think, she felt like, you know what?This - I've succeeded far beyond anybody's expectations, so now I can take a stand and take the hit, if there is one to come. So, I think she's fine with it. I think she is looking forward to her next, you know, sort of you know, plateau, on, like, where she goes from here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Oprah can retire or step down from her current position or role as a successful entrepreneur and multimedia business owner, and still maintain her status as a billionaire.","questions":"How can Oprah maintain her status as a billionaire?","answer":"Retire"}
{"text":["Harper Lee's longtime friend Wayne Flynt will be delivering the eulogy at her funeral. He joins us on the line from Monroeville. Welcome, Mr.  Flynt, and I'm so sorry for your and I guess all of our loss.","Yeah, I think it's a sort of global loss, given the popularity of the novel across the world.","Can you give us a sense about your friendship with Harper Lee?You have been in very close contact with her in the last years of her life.","That's correct. On average, once a month for the last 10 years since her stroke, we have sat and talked and told stories and exchanged insults. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : : The literal meaning of (4) is that Harper Lee and Mr. Flynt exchanged insults while they talked, however, the implied meaning is that they had a close, friendly relationship, as exchanging insults is often seen as a sign of endearment.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of Harper Lee and Mr. Flynt exchanging insults while they talked?","answer":"Endearment"}
{"text":["So do you think this would leave us in a better or worse position after these talks?I mean, it's a question whether or not this will actually go anywhere.","Well, it's - I mean, there's always a possibility that you would have the division laid out and follow-up meetings that strengthen that effort, and it goes somewhere productive. And that's what we all hope for. We'd like to see a denuclearized Korean peninsula. But I suspect it will be more of a pronouncement in which the two countries express interest in that direction. And then the details will get bogged down.","Senator Jeff Merkley of Oregon, thank you so much for speaking with us.","You're very welcome. Take care now."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The talks don't move, but the result of the talks could cause something to happen.","questions":"How could the talks potentially affect the Korean peninsula?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["We're hosting an online viewing party of sorts. For all those people who couldn't be among the 75,000 at INVESCO, I guess the next best thing to do is have your computer at your desk and join us. So we'll be linking to a stream of the event, and we'll host a real-time conversation.","So give that address again.","nprnewsandviews. org.","All right. Geoffrey Bennett is the web producer for News and Notes, joining me from the studios at the NPR west. Geoff, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : An online viewing party is being held as a substitute for not being able to attend in-person.","questions":"How will the event be streamed?","answer":"stream"}
{"text":["So you get a sense of how this whole thing is going. Obviously, we should then inject alcohol into the situation. For his new show, Brad spent some time around Austin, Texas. So to cap off the visit, we made a cocktail - a paloma made out of a spirit called sotol, distilled from a plant that grows in the Texas desert.","All right. So first up. . .","Yeah.",". . . We're going to mix it with a little grapefruit. OK, I'm going to make a little grapefruit juice."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"inject alcohol into the situation\" - this is an idiomatic expression and does not actually mean injecting alcohol into something. It means to add alcohol to a situation to make it more fun or relaxed.","questions":"Which expression means to add alcohol to a situation to make it more fun or relaxed?","answer":"Add"}
{"text":["It's the 100th birthday of the Pulitzer Prizes this year - the centenary of a prize that can change the life and the career of a journalist, a photographer, a biographer, a dramatist or a poet. In the latest conversation in our series to mark the Pulitzer's big year, we welcome Gregory Pardlo. He won the Pulitzer for poetry last year for his collection of poems entitled \"Digest. \"And he joins us from our studios in New York. Greg, thanks so much for being with us.","Hi, Scott. Thanks for having me.","Can we hear a bit of your work, maybe from the poem \"For Which It Stands?\"","Absolutely. (Reading) \"For Which It Stands\" - for a flag, I answered facetiously. A flag of tomorrow. Fluent in fire, not just the whispers, lisps, not just the still there of powdered wigs, dry winds. Who wants a speckled drape that folds as easy over smirch as fallen soldier?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implies that the Mexican government is trying to portray El Chapo in a negative light by discussing details of his private life.","questions":"Which private aspect of El Chapo's life is being discussed by the Mexican government to depict him negatively?","answer":"Aspect"}
{"text":["According to the Census Bureau itself, the idea is to count everyone in the United States not just citizens. So if you only count citizens, that's going to reduce the power and resources provided to districts in places that have more people in the country who have immigrated here illegally. And those places would argue they need the resources and the representation.","All right. Well, let's talk about immigration. President Trump has also said his administration will move forward fairly soon with a plan to arrest thousands of migrant families in surprise roundups across major U. S.  cities. Meanwhile, DHS's IG report has shown terrible conditions for the people being held in custody. Is the president's reaction a problem for him politically?","Well, I mean, the more attention this gets, it certainly could. You know, the president is pretty, you know, focused on the fact that there haven't been, you know - on television, right?- this hasn't been something that you've seen a lot of network television cameras in. And if those conditions are things that are captured on TV, that is something that could change the narrative. But so far, the president feels like this is a winning issue for him.","Domenico Montanaro, NPR's lead political editor, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The administration does not move forward physically but initiates plans to deal with immigration.","questions":"What does President Trump plan to do with migrant families in major U.S. cities?","answer":"Arrest"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Jason, there's still no power on much of the island, which is astounding. It's five weeks now. What is it like?What have you seen to undertake a recovery from a hurricane when you still don't have power?","And part of what is crazy is it's not just Hurricane Maria. Hurricane Irma came through here two weeks before that. So there's some people who've been almost two months without power. But people are making an effort. They're out there. I see people, you know, cleaning up by hand. People are out there with hand tools trying to, you know, cut 2-by-4's to rebuild things when, you know, they don't have power tools. You've got people who are living in high-rises. It's kind of amazing sometimes walking around at night here in San Juan. You got these tall buildings. And you'll just see some candles flickering in the - and that's the only light in this entire high-rise.","I went out last night, actually, to try to catch some of the World Series. And some of the bars are starting to reopen. But everywhere that you go, the only power that people have is running off of generators or running off of some solar power. You really do not see people getting much power from the grid."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Jason is frustrated and surprised by the length of time it is taking to restore power after the hurricane.","questions":"Which emotion Jason is feeling about the lack of power on the island?","answer":"Frustrated"}
{"text":["You know, unfortunately, it's been demonstrated that there have been times when you have been personally dishonest during your time in office. So if voters highly value personal honesty, why would you be the right choice for them?","Well, I think that it's important to separate a mistake in life, which we all make. And, you know, I've come to believe that we all have feet of clay. We all wish we could rewind, play in a chapter of our life. The question is, is it a trend of continual misleading folks?Or is it an anomaly?And if you'd look at the whole of my life, what you'd see is the big standout is in 2009.","I think the question is, did I learn from it?Contrast it with the president has suggested in saying that there's nothing that he regrets. There's deep regret from my end, and I think what's equally telling is the people who knew me best, in the wake of that event, those very folks sent me to the United States Congress to represent them in Washington.","So you've made the debt and deficit your top reasons for challenging the president. So if it happens that either through your efforts or those of others, the president is not re-elected but let's say a Democrat who supports more expansive spending, for example, does win, will that have been worth it?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Feet of clay means a character weakness, and wishing one could rewind and play a chapter in your life means you wish you could re-live an event.","questions":"What is the meaning of \"feet of clay\"?","answer":"Character"}
{"text":["To the tax issues that tanked a lot of the nominees that couldn't go forward. Some of the most common errors are incorrect or missing social security numbers. It sounds so simple, and yet, that something that catches a lot of people. The incorrect tax entered, based on your taxable income and filing status; math errors!Math errors is a huge issue for a lot of people. That's why it's important that if you can to e-file, because that will eliminate one of the major errors people make, which is in the math. And if you make less than $56,000 a year, you can get your taxes e-filed for free. You have to go to the IRS Web site to do it. But also this year for the first time, you can e-file even if you don't meet that. Now, you don't get the tax software that goes along with it that sort of walks you through, but if you already know how to do your taxes and you don't want to pay extra, you can e-file.","OK, let's talk about an issue that seems to be the third rail for a lot of political appointees or nominees, and that is the nanny tax. What should we, ordinary people, know about this kind of tax. . .","When we're hiring people to do stuff around the house?","Well, here's the thing: Most people are not going to have this problem."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The tax issues caused a lot of nominees to not be able to continue. The software helps a person to understand and work the tax filing correctly.","questions":"What caused many nominees to not be able to continue?","answer":"Tax-ssues"}
{"text":["It's going to be tough to do that tonight if there's a clear trend early, and there's a reason why, it's the Internet. Everyone's going to be look at the Internet. The Internet's going to be full of all kinds of numbers, exit polls, there are going to be all sorts of people predicting one way or another.","And the cable operators, the cable television news operations, CNN, Fox, MSNBC are going to in a tremendous competition to see which one of them can call it first, and that's going to pull the broadcasters over. So I don't think people in California can expect that the East Coast will not be talking about a winner, if there is a clear winner, before the polls close in California. Now, that isn't necessarily a good thing, I'm not trying to put a. . .","Right.","Put a happy face on it, it does make people in California feel angry to hear the race declared over hours before the polls close in that state. But because it's going to be on the Internet just about every where, and I suspect we'll start seeing it on cable television, it's going to be hard for the networks to resist the temptation to do the same."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This make sure anger for every violence people get some illegal activities","questions":"Which emotion may be felt by people in California due to hearing the race declared over hours before the polls close in that state?","answer":"anger"}
{"text":["Yes. (Laughter). I suppose you're right. I mean, that may follow. But I. . .","(Laughter).",". . . Wanted to explore a masculine archetype. And that's what Daddy is. He is larger than life. He's almost too big to exist. He's straight out of mythology. He's very strong and reassuring, and he sticks by his children, et cetera. But he's also - you know, he's got this troubled streak. This sort of - this violence in him. He's entirely defined by his body, his physicality, his strength. And Cathy arrived, saying, actually, what happens when these ideals are instilled in someone who doesn't inhabit the right physicality?Or she's somebody who has a very similar temperament to her father, but she doesn't have his strength. And she's a girl. And how does she stitch together those dual identities?","Yeah. There is - not to give too much away, but there's an act of violence in the book in which a woman takes a man's life. She sees it as her only way to survive. And I have to ask if recent events and recent debates and soul searching we've had in both our countries makes the scene even more telling."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the literal meaning is that the interviewer asks if recent events and debates make a scene in a book more significant.","questions":"How does the interviewer describe the scene in the book?","answer":"Act-of-violence"}
{"text":["We should say this is a multi-level chess game, and we can only see the top level - the overt actions, not the covert. But these diplomatic measures that we can see do seem like gestures, really, only. And economic sanctions are the real deal. Russia has suffered economically in recent years from sanctions. They do hate those sanctions. But, of course, what they really hate is low oil prices.","Has the Obama administration been late to recognize the threat from Russia?","Perhaps not to recognize the threat but slow to get serious about it. After the Crimea sanctions, there were lots of other provocations, Syria being the worst, Obama clearly not willing to go to war in Syria. So Russia has had something of a free field of fire as it were. But as far as the cyberhacking of this election campaign, the administration did sound the alarm last fall, but they did not go to the mat, in part, because they didn't want to appear to be interfering with the election themselves. And let's face it, they thought Hillary Clinton was going to win anyway.","Ron, this was the administration that said we needed to do a reset with Russia. What happened?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"do a reset\" means to attempt to improve a relationship between two parties, rather than resetting a machine.","questions":"Which action is the meaning of \"do a reset\" in turn 3?","answer":"attempt"}
{"text":["On Africa Update, it's been over a week since the elections in Zimbabwe, and still no results. But one thing seems clear: the current president, Robert Mugabe, is going to fight to stay in power. Plus, relief agencies say fighting in Somalia is the worst in 15 years.","For more, we've got Roxanne Lawson. She's director of Africa Policy for TransAfrica Forum.","Hi, Roxanne.","Hi. How are you doing?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"For more, we've got Roxanne Lawson. She's director of Africa Policy for TransAfrica Forum.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that the news program has brought in Roxanne Lawson as a source of information. The implied meaning is that Roxanne Lawson is an expert on African politics and will provide insight and analysis on the current situation in Zimbabwe and Somalia.","questions":"What is Roxanne Lawson's role in the Africa Policy for TransAfrica Forum?","answer":"Africa"}
{"text":["So the parents as well as one coach have agreed to plead guilty in connection with this scheme. And according to one of the plea agreements at least, they may serve a few months in jail as well as paying fines and restitution. And Felicity Huffman, the actress, as you heard, is one of the more high-profile people accused. But others, including Lori Loughlin, another actress from the TV show \"Full House,\" is among those originally accused who is continuing to fight the charges.","What are we hearing from the parents?","Well, two of those who plead - pled guilty today issued very contrite statements. Huffman's statement reportedly said, I am in full acceptance of my guilt - deep regret and shame. And she also reiterated that her daughter had no idea.","This story has gotten so much attention, and it seems to have really resonated with students and parents. Why do you think it has had such a big impact?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Big drug companies are not interested in developing therapies for addiction because they don't see drug addicts as a profitable investment.","questions":"How did Felicity Huffman respond to the accusations against her?","answer":"N\/A"}
{"text":["In the meantime, what does this mean for the elections in Afghanistan?","It certainly doesn't say anything good. The government, you know, keeps saying that it's planning to protect the polls, that it will protect the polls, that it's sending out - I think, 70,000 defense security personnel will be deployed across the country to protect the polls. But it's also said that it's going to have to shut down - almost a third of polling places that were used in previous elections will not be open because they don't feel they can protect them. So that's a pretty strong admission of the limited ability of defense forces. So this has been a violent season, and I don't think anybody expects it to become less so.","That's Pamela Constable of The Washington Post. She spoke to us from Kabul.","Thank you so much for sharing your reporting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation in Afghanistan is unstable and dangerous, and there are concerns about the security of the upcoming elections despite government assurances.","questions":"What are the concerns about the upcoming elections in Afghanistan?","answer":"Security"}
{"text":["Oh, no. I love grapefruit.","(Laughter).","It's one of the best things in the world.","Seriously?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Laughter could mean disbelief, surprise, or disbelief in what A just said.","questions":"Which emotion could PersonB's laughter represent?","answer":"Surprise"}
{"text":["Hey, Lulu.","So, Gene, let's start by looking at the money involved in big-time college sports. You looked specifically at the Power Five.","Yup, the Power Five conferences - the SEC, the Big Ten, the Big 12, the Pac-12, and the ACC. They win all the trophies, and they make all the money. According to ESPN, in 2015, they made $6 billion.","Six billion?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Power Five conferences dominate college sports and generate significant revenue.","questions":"Which conferences made $6 billion in 2015?","answer":"Five"}
{"text":["This is SCIENCE FRIDAY, I'm Ira Flatow. Remember the meteor that exploded over Siberia and the asteroid that took a close swing by our planet?You also remember that these things happened on Friday, the same day. Congressman Lamar Smith, chairman of the House Committee on Science, Space and Technology, called these two events a stark reminder of the need to invest in space science. He says we need to study and track near-Earth asteroids and invest in research on how to protect our planet from space rocks.","But with the nation collectively tightening its belt and with $85 billion in automatic spending cuts going into effect today, the sequester deadline, where's the money going to come from?Representative Lamar Smith is a Republican from the 21st District of Texas. He is chair of the House Committee on Science, Space and Technology. He joins us by phone from San Antonio. A shout-out to Texas Public Radio, San Antonio and Austin, one of our two most powerful stations is your district, Congressman. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","I'm glad to hear it, Ira. Good to be with you and your listeners, as well.","Thank you. You're going to have a hearing soon, is that right, to discuss. . . ?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Congressman Lamar Smith believes that recent space events are a reminder to invest in space science.","questions":"How does Congressman Lamar Smith view recent space events?","answer":"Reminder"}
{"text":["And just quickly, we could have started our conversation with North Korea or Russia. The world is out there, isn't it?","It is, indeed, and it's not giving the U. S.  a break to get its act together. North Korea seems headed for a crisis. The Russia relationship may be as well. The president has said he will sign the bill stiffening sanctions on Russia and making it more difficult even for himself to lift those sanctions. The Russians have already begun retaliating for that, so more to come.","More to come. NPR's Ron Elving. Thank you, sir.","Thank you, Don."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) Implied meaning: The US is in a difficult situation with North Korea and Russia, and the president's actions have made it even more difficult.","questions":"How are the US-Russia relations affected?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["What put this story into your mind?","Well, I was researching a, you know, just a short magazine piece on the media's infatuation with lists. And I stumbled across this, to me, arresting factoid that there was a - someone named Frederick of Saxony who lived in the early 16th century, but he had a collection of holy relics. This collection of holy relics numbered 19,013. The second thing I found out was that Frederick of Saxony was Martin Luther's employer. And it sort of, you know, took off from there. But I - the - there was the relic collection that - and I - as I looked into that, it had marvelous things - a strand of Jesus's beard, a piece of straw from the holy manger - I'm not making this up - a vile of the Virgin Mary's breast milk. I mean, these were among the items in this collection.","In fact, the book opens with a scene at the Basel Relic Fair.","Yeah, it was a - it opens - they - a trade fair and Dismas notes that there are two adjacent booths, each offering a complete crown of thorns for sale."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In a literal sense, A is simply confirming that the book opens with a scene at the Basel Relic Fair. However, the implied meaning is that the mention of the two adjacent booths offering a complete crown of thorns for sale is significant and foreshadows something that will happen later in the book. It sets up an expectation in the reader's mind that will be fulfilled or subverted later on.","questions":"How does PersonA's mention of the two adjacent booths offering a complete crown of thorns for sale foreshadow something later in the book?","answer":"Foreshadowing"}
{"text":["And what do you serve?I said $5 bowls of cereal, but expand on that menu if you could.","We sell 120 different cereals from all over the world. So we import cereals from America, from New Zealand, from Australia, from France, from Israel. We import cereals from all over the world, so it's a real experience coming in here because the walls are just littered with cereal memorabilia, toys that you used to get in the boxes. It's a real experience.","Now, I don't for a moment expect you to identify with the people who attacked your store. But can you - can you see where fancy bowls of cereal would kind of fit into their agenda about the world, their neighborhood changing right before their eyes?","I can see their point, but there's also a Versace shop that has just opened up around the corner. They're complaining that people in the area can't afford to come here and afford four pounds for a meal. But there's a Versace shop open around the corner and I think it's - very, very few percent of people in this neighborhood would even be able to walk in there and buy anything. I know I couldn't."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The cost of the store's offerings is out of reach for most of the people in the neighborhood, while the Versace shop does not offer any affordable items.","questions":"Which shop nearby offers expensive items that most people in the neighborhood cannot afford?","answer":"Versace"}
{"text":["I asked Soerens what that would mean for his organization.","World Relief is really committed to our mission of empowering local churches to serve the vulnerable. We remain committed to that mission. But it would probably be at a reduced scale because with fewer refugees arriving, we wouldn't be able to maintain the current infrastructure we have throughout the United States. And of course, none of the people we'd be able to serve would be newly arrived refugees because those people would be shut out completely.","There are also questions right now about the asylum laws in general. Before the Trump administration, how difficult was it for any particular individual to claim asylum in this country and have that claim be accepted?","And so someone claiming asylum is basically professing to be a refugee. That is to say, they say they have a well-founded fear of persecution on account of their race, religion, political opinion, national origin or social group. And it's never been easy because the burden of proof is on the applicant. And frankly, sometimes the people who say they're going to kill you don't send you a notarized letter saying that. And you may not have documentary evidence of the well-founded fear of persecution."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to serve in this context means to help","questions":"Which word in the statement describes the mission of World Relief?","answer":"Help"}
{"text":["I was so exhausted. And all of sudden, we just had this baby. The nurse was handing me this baby, and she's poopy. And it just was so messy. And it just - both of us immediately just started crying. It just was so joyful. It just felt perfect.","Before Hazel was born, though, Lindsey had a lot to worry about.","When she was 20 weeks old - the 20-week ultrasound, she was diagnosed with a fetal heart condition. So we weren't sure what condition she's going to be in when she came out. And she just let out this big scream and just kicking. It was just like she burst into the world. And, you know, just immediately we kind of knew this is a healthy baby. She is alive and. . .","She let you know."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), \"She let you know\" implies that Hazel showed through her actions that she was healthy, even though her diagnosis had been uncertain.","questions":"How did Hazel communicate her health status?","answer":"Actions"}
{"text":["From NPR News, this is Day to Day. The ethics problem at the Interior Department continues to unfold, specifically in the little-known but powerful Minerals Management Service. The Interior Department's watchdog reports that employees in that division accepted gifts, they steered government contracts to friends, and they had sexual relations with oil and gas-company representatives. Joining us now is John Dimsdale from Marketplace, and John, first, what is the Minerals Management Service?I hadn't heard of it until yesterday.","Well, it's responsible for collecting royalty revenues from companies that extract oil and other minerals from federal property. And last year, they collected 11 billion dollars from the oil and gas industry. So, it's a big source of revenue. In fact, sometimes Minerals Management is the second largest source of income for the federal government, second only to the IRS. And remember, this scandal comes just as Congress is debating whether to allow more oil drilling, especially on the Outer Continental Shelf under the ocean.","That's right. So, let's go into the details of this scandal. What did the Interior Department's inspector general find?","Well, this report makes it sound like a very dysfunctional place. It alleges cocaine and marijuana use, and even promiscuous sex between government employees and the industry that they oversee. The inspector general says the relationship between the industry and the revenue collectors is supposed to be at arm's length, but most of the oil-company people that investigators talked to said they bought meals or drinks, entertainment, for government employees."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the ethics problem at the Interior Department continues to unfold\" - figurative meaning: the situation is developing or becoming more complex, literal meaning: something is physically unfolding.","questions":"How did the situation at the Interior Department develop?","answer":"Developing"}
{"text":["Well, in Vienna, people are extremely concerned. Although Vienna has a very long history as a Social Democratic city, it's known, in fact, as Red Vienna. But you know, the first poll since the scandal came out yesterday, and the Freedom Party lost 4% to 5%. But they're still polling at 18%. So their core supporters remain loyal and support their anti-immigrant, anti-LGBT agenda.","And is this all anybody's talking about?","Oh, my goodness, you can't avoid it. I mean, the cafe on the ground floor of my apartment building has painted up on its windows, we're going to Ibiza. Everyone's moved on from the shock to the speculation of the provenance of the video and the question of whether or not this vote of - motion of no confidence will go through.","Valerie Hopkins of the financial times speaking with us from Vienna, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The scandal involving the Freedom Party is the topic of discussion everywhere, and people are now speculating about the video's source and whether a no-confidence vote will be successful.","questions":"Which party is mentioned in the dialogue in connection with an \"anti-immigrant, anti-LGBT agenda\"?","answer":"Freedom-Party"}
{"text":["Yeah. Did we once all have them and they went away somehow?Or what - why did some of us have the healthy population and some of us don't?","Well, that's all down to exposures. And, you know, one of the things that clearly can deplete a microbiome of diversity is antimicrobial use, which clearly is more prevalent in use and perhaps inappropriately.","Antibiotics, you mean.","Exactly. In the last several decades. That's clearly one obvious approach to deplete the diversity. The other thing is, we think that viral infections, which frequently perceive these kind of chronic outcomes in inflammatory disease, including in the sinuses, they may actually perturb the microbiome and induce, perhaps, inflammation from the host that actually kills some of these protective organisms."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Antimicrobial use, including antibiotics, can deplete microbiome diversity.","questions":"How can antimicrobial use affect microbiome diversity?","answer":"Depletion"}
{"text":["Thank you.","What's your concern?Why did you write this letter?","America is an exceptional country, the best in the world. But we have our blind spots. And in our history, you'll see discrimination against Asian-Americans. We've had the Chinese Exclusion Act, Alien Land Laws and then, in World War II, we interned over 100,000 Americans who happened to be of Japanese descent. And recently, we have a number of Asian-Americans that have been arrested - indicted for alleged spying - and then having all those charges dropped. And this is a long history of discrimination. We want to make sure that this does not keep recurring.","Of course, as I don't have to tell you, it is a fact that Chinese hackers have been accused of stealing intellectual property from U. S.  businesses and breaching U. S.  government systems. That's a concern for you, too?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : America is an exceptional country, the best in the world. But we have our blind spots. And in our history, you'll see discrimination against Asian-Americans. We've had the Chinese Exclusion Act, Alien Land Laws and then, in World War II, we interned over 100,000 Americans who happened to be of Japanese descent. And recently, we have a number of Asian-Americans that have been arrested - indicted for alleged spying - and then having all those charges dropped. And this is a long history of discrimination. We want to make sure that this does not keep recurring.  In this turn, the actual meaning goes beyond the literal meaning of describing the history of discrimination against Asian-Americans in the United States. It implies a desire for awareness, acknowledgment, and action to prevent such discrimination from happening again in the future.","questions":"Which Act was passed to exclude Chinese immigrants from entering the United States?","answer":"Chinese"}
{"text":["Right. How did you feel when you found out about Epstein's death?","It was definitely not a good moment. And it's still not, you know?Even every single time I hear those words, there's a certain amount of anger that shoots through my blood that I can't explain.","What are you angry at?","I'm angry that there's no justice in that, you know?He's not ever going to be here to face the music or to hear the pain that he's caused or the lives that he's destroyed. I mean, after all I've gone through, I finally came forward. And it almost feels all for nothing now, you know?I'm sorry. I'm just, like, getting. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Epstein's death was a very emotional and upsetting event for A","questions":"Which emotion did PersonA feel after Epstein's death?","answer":"Angry"}
{"text":["Bill M wrote about it - read about it and wrote. Kilpatrick's stays in the news proving all the naysayers right with his childish antics and questionable judgment. He should resign.","And there's also the news that Broadway's \"The Color Purple\" is closing next month due to slow ticket sales and some people said it was because of singer Fantasia left the show without any thunder after she left.","All right. Just briefly, what do you think about the newsletter?What does that offer people that everything else we do doesn't?We've got the radio show and the blog. But, you know, you put out this great newsletter every day. What's going on with that?","Well, we've got headlines that pertain to African-Americans. We have highlights from the show. And the difference is - it's called Push me (unintelligible). It's a '90s Internet buzz word. And the idea is that you get all these things that you want sent to your inbox every day without having to surf from Web site to Web site. And it's a service that we offer."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is that they offer a service called Push Me that delivers daily headlines and highlights related to African-Americans to your email inbox. The actual meaning is that Push Me is a play on the 90s internet buzzword \"push\" which means to receive notifications without actively seeking information. Therefore, the newsletter is designed to deliver the information people want directly to their inbox without the need to browse different websites.","questions":"Which buzzword is Push Me a play on?","answer":"Push"}
{"text":["What's the latest this morning, Jennifer?","Well, at the scene of the attack, they are cleaning up. The walls and the floor are covered in blood. The tables and chairs have been pushed aside to get to those dead and wounded. We didn't even get a death toll until this morning. That attack happened on Saturday night at a crowded wedding hall, more than a thousand guests there. Right now, we have families burying their dead, including 14 members of one family alone, so a pretty devastating attack here in Kabul.","And the Islamic State claimed that it carried out the attack, right?","It did claim that it carried out the attack, and it named the bomber as well. This is a group that has targeted the minority Hazara, mainly Shia Hazara, community again and again, and this was another instance of that. It claimed that it sent the suicide bomber into the wedding hall."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The walls and floors have a great deal of blood on them but are not covered.","questions":"How are the walls and floors described in the statement?","answer":"covered"}
{"text":["Well, I don't think anybody really knows, except the two of them, because it was a meeting without staff, without any advisers present. Senator Feinstein came out this morning and spoke to reporters. She hosted the meeting at her home. She said that it seemed very cordial. The two sat in comfy chairs in her living room.","They sipped water. They talked for about an hour and that they were laughing as they left. So, we know that the mood was fairly pleasant, and what Senator Obama's advisers tell us, is that they talked about how to move forward and how to achieve party unity, and how to bring together the factions of the Democratic Party that had supported each of the two of them separately, how to bring them both together to now beat John McCain in November.","So, was it a bargaining session?Was it my votes for a VP slot, something like that?","Well, actually, we're told by Senator Chuck Schumer who's an ally of Senator Clinton's in the Senate that no, they did not discuss the vice presidential chatter. It's hard to imagine that they didn't though, given the fact that it's what's everybody - it's what everybody's talking about right now."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : implies that the meeting was focused on discussing how to achieve party unity and defeat John McCain in November. However, the actual meaning could be that the meeting was a bargaining session where Obama and Clinton discussed potential terms for Clinton to drop out of the race and endorse Obama. This is not explicitly stated yet is a possible subtextual meaning.","questions":"What was the possible subtextual meaning of Obama and Clinton's meeting?","answer":"Bargaining"}
{"text":["And many of your students have to work for a living in order to be able to afford to attend college in the first place.","Well, that happens in many - or most community colleges. And certainly, El Centro is a prime example of that. We're a very diverse community in terms of students from different backgrounds, including of color. Many students have families. They have children, and so over 80 percent of our students are part-time students because of that in part. And they also are low-income students, so they need financial aid such as federal Pell Grants as well as what Texas, here, provides in support for students as well.","And what if there was no longer a deduction for student loans?","Well, that's another area. At El Centro, the percentage of students that leave the college debt is about 34 percent. And the average student debt is about $21,000. Students are eligible for Pell. Pell doesn't cover all of the needs that students have. It does cover tuition. It does cover fees. It does cover books. But students need living."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of the turn is asking about a hypothetical scenario, but the actual meaning is asking about the potential impact of eliminating a deduction for student loans.","questions":"How would eliminating a deduction for student loans affect students at El Centro?","answer":"Living"}
{"text":["She says, look, we've got to do something some investment on sort of global warming issues, energy, independence issues. Let's use the recession to start creating a green economy.","Now, when you look at someone who is no longer in the race, John Edwards, he was often portrayed by supporters and portrayed himself as someone who was going to make ending poverty the center of his campaign. How would his approach have differed from both Senators Obama and Clinton?","Well, actually it turns out at the end of the day, the Edwards approach is fairly similar to sort of a combination of the Clinton and Obama proposals, and that's not surprising. Because John Edwards was the person who came out with a plan first - I thought it was the best plan - and the other candidates fit in in a lot of issues, actually copied John Edwards. In fact, John Edwards was - has truly been a forcing figure during this election, compelling Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton, both, to be more progressive than they might otherwise have been.","Well, let's talk a little bit about political philosophy. We've talked a bit about trickle-down economics, but then there's also the model of the government getting directly involved. Certainly ending the great depression by creating jobs itself - everything from jobs for writers and artists to road building, infrastructure. That does not seem to be a model that's been followed, certainly not to that extent - in decades. Is that even on the table, the whole prospect of the government actually stepping in and doing job creation itself?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Let's use the recession to start creating a green economy.\" - The literal meaning is that during a recession, the speaker proposes investing in creating a green economy. The actual meaning is that the speaker sees an opportunity to address global warming and energy independence issues by investing in a green economy during a recession, which could create jobs and stimulate economic growth","questions":"What opportunity does the speaker see during the recession?","answer":"Green"}
{"text":["One of the things you can buy with bitcoins is illicit products, like drugs, for example. And it has proven to be a particularly attractive application for bitcoin because if you tried to set up a black market for drugs and accept credit card payments, the credit card networks would shut you down right away. But there's nobody who runs the bitcoin network, and so there's nobody the authorities can go to and say, shut down this network or reverse that payment.","I gather bitcoin's created through mining but not, like, chisel and cloud of dust mining. Right?","Yeah. So mining is the term that bitcoin people use for the process that computers use to kind of run the bitcoin network. There's a global shared record of who has made which payments to whom. And the computers that participate in this process get a reward of new bitcoins. Right now, every block, which happens about 10 minutes, you get a reward of 12. 5 bitcoins, which is worth more than $100,000. And they call it mining because you're creating new bitcoins in the process of running the network.","And that takes a lot of energy, I gather.","It does. One recent estimate said that the bitcoin network as a whole consumes about as much energy as the nation of Denmark."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : One of the things you can buy with bitcoins is illicit products, like drugs, for example. And it has proven to be a particularly attractive application for bitcoin because if you tried to set up a black market for drugs and accept credit card payments, the credit card networks would shut you down right away. But there's nobody who runs the bitcoin network, and so there's nobody the authorities can go to and say, shut down this network or reverse that payment.  In this turn, the actual meaning implies that bitcoin allows for anonymous transactions in illicit markets because it lacks a central authority that can control or shut down the network.","questions":"Which type of transactions does bitcoin enable due to the absence of a central authority?","answer":"Illicit"}
{"text":["Race is so divisive. What can we learn from your relationship with a white man from a different generation?","That's what \"Coach Wooden And Me\" is about. It's about the fact that despite all the differences here in America, we come together on so much that we agree on, you know, our love for sport. Basketball fans across all ethnicities and socioeconomic lines, everybody loves hoops. And that's where we come together, within our country and with other countries of the world.","When you talk about your friendship with coach Wooden in the book, you use the word accomplishment. Why that word?Is having an enduring friendship and accomplishment?","Yeah, I think so because it's something that you have to work at. It just doesn't come. Building up trust and love and affection with someone else, you've got to take some risks. You could fail. It is an accomplishment, you know, because it tests your judgment and, what is your commitment?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), when Bill Russell says \"we come together on so much that we agree on,\" he is not referring to literal agreement, but rather the shared enjoyment and appreciation of basketball. Similarly, when he says \"that's where we come together,\" he is not referring to a physical location, but rather a shared interest and passion.","questions":"How does Bill Russell describe the meaning of the phrase \"we come together\" in turn (2)?","answer":"Basketball"}
{"text":["Yeah.","The Land O' Lakes butter box - there's a Native American on that. And an informal poll of people taken around here suggests a lot of people don't even see her.","Well, she's in your refrigerator. And God knows what she's doing at night. I never look closely at it myself. I do buy that brand. And when you look at it closely, what you see is she's kneeling. And she's holding the box that she's in. And so it recedes into infinity. In other words, you know, in that box, you see her again and again and again. So it's this amazing combination of American identity, a generic Indian with really brilliant graphic design that, you know, you don't really notice. But I really do think she's up to something at night in the refrigerator.","(Laughter) I'll check. Is it offensive?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Some people do not notice the Native American on the Land O' Lakes butter box.","questions":"Which brand of butter does person PersonA buy?","answer":"Land"}
{"text":["I wouldn't say a list of specific charges but some general charges. So the one that is the most specific is the claim that in 1996 she went on a spy mission to China to Guangxi province and, you know, spied for the FBI. And, I mean, there's a number of issues with that. I mean, one of them is that I have all kinds of evidence that Sandy did not go to China in 1996. I have the evidence of her passport. I have the evidence of her paystubs.","I mean, she was a full-time employee of the Houston Police Department as a secretary, a clerk typist, when she allegedly was doing the spy work. The paystubs show that she'd taken 11 hours off during the time in question. I've also got a newspaper article that she appeared in. So, I mean, we have a fair amount of evidence that shows that she was not in China in 1996.","Why would the Chinese government be interested in putting your wife in prison if there wasn't something that made them suspicious?","So this is not the police that investigate regular crimes. This is the, you know, China Ministry of State Security. This is a bunch of spies. They don't trust anybody. And in point of fact, I mean, they look at people involved in nonprofit work like my wife with a great deal of suspicion. And the fact of the matter is the state security has sent a number of people to the U. S.  to spy, and the FBI has been catching these people. And I am sure that the Ministry of State Security is just not very happy about that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : asking why the Chinese government is interested in putting your wife in prison. The actual meaning of the turn is to ask why the Chinese government is suspicious of your wife's activities.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue suggests that Sandy had evidence to prove she was not in China in 1996?","answer":"Evidence"}
{"text":["Correct.","So, when you write in your - I'm going back to this - your investment outlook essay, Americans don't really understand Wall Street. They may never understand Wall Street. And then you go on in the next sentence to say, oh, and by the way, yours truly, meaning yourself, is learning every day, discovering every day what Wall Street is. I mean, what the heck are the rules now, and if you don't know, who does?","Well, the rules are changing. The balloon was being expanded, and now, the air has been taken out of the balloon, and so the rules are changing in terms of what becomes a safe and a relatively riskless position in this rapidly de-levering world.","Do you think capitalism is fundamentally changed, and if so, how?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : You wrote that Americans don't understand Wall Street, but you don't really know what you're talking about either.","questions":"Which essay?","answer":"Investment"}
{"text":["Thank you. I know that you've been recently honored with the Outstanding Contribution to Television and Film Award at this year's BAFTA Awards in Scotland. Congratulations.","Well, thank you very much. It took me by surprise.","Really?They took you by surprise and took you all the way there?","Yeah. (Unintelligible) I'm in a very strange position because I'm almost 70 and I - people are giving me sort of good attendance prizes. . .","Well, that's what I call them. Good contribution prizes or something they call them, I don't know, you know, for your outstanding achievement over the years. I think it really means you're getting old, go away."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Receiving good attendance prizes means that you are getting old and should retire","questions":"Which prize did PersonA receive at the BAFTPersonA Awards?","answer":"Outstanding"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, I mean, this last week, for instance, (laughter) in the last four days, I went on tour because my husband was going to be traveling. And so I left for the three days when he was gone, had three shows in two days. So I was away from my kids for just the 24 hours. Flew back in this morning. We had lunch all together just now. And then I came over here to be with you guys. So we just do it all as a family.","We count it as an adventure. I'm always talking to my kids about it. You know, this is an adventure. This is such a fun experience. And we use the time together out in the world as an opportunity to explore and an opportunity to teach our children and to allow them to see the nation.","Julianna, why six days?What - how did you come up with that magic number?","I have no idea. And it is not - I don't know. It's not a magic number. It's not like the golden ticket to a perfect marriage. But for us, it was a starting point. It was, all right, we've got to draw the line in the sand somewhere, and a week just felt too long (laughter). And every single spring, we sit down for about four to eight hours with our teams. And we - I get one of those massive calendars. And we literally go through and write down every city that we're going to be in. We write in date nights. We write in family date days. We write in. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn (2) has a meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is using the phrase \"count it as an adventure\" figuratively to mean that they view their travels and time away from home as an exciting experience for the family, rather than just a regular trip.","questions":"What does the speaker mean by \"count it as an adventure\"?","answer":"Exciting"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, I mean, as you said, Dorian was moving west across the Caribbean toward Puerto Rico. But as of this evening, Puerto Rico's main island has been spared a direct hit. The storm did pass over two small island municipalities off of Puerto Rico's eastern coast, Vieques and Culebra, and also caused widespread power outages in the U. S.  Virgin Islands. Just a little while ago, the National Weather Service lifted its hurricane and tropical storm warnings for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. But as you mentioned, forecasters now say that Dorian is heading toward Florida and could be a dangerous Category 3 hurricane affecting that state by this weekend.","We said that you're in Puerto Rico's capital, San Juan. Can you just give us an idea of how things are looking there?","It's cloudy, a little rainy but mostly calm at this point. The streets are empty because, you know, schools and government offices closed, and most businesses closed today too. Some of the only people out on the streets are security guards. The plan was to have schools and government offices closed through tomorrow, but the governor has now reversed that decision because things seem to have been - are calm now and there's no longer a big risk here in Puerto Rico.","OK. So it sounds like Puerto Rico might have avoided the worst with this storm. But, you know, there are still two months left in the Atlantic hurricane season. It's been almost two years since Hurricane Maria. How prepared is Puerto Rico to handle another big storm, should one come?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Reporter is asking about current situation in San Juan, not just asking for an idea.","questions":"Which word indicates that the reporter is asking for more than just an idea of the current situation in San Juan?","answer":"More"}
{"text":["Yes. The big topic, of course, is what he'll say about the president's unfounded claims that Barack Obama wiretapped his phones. He has also accused British intelligence of wiretapping his phones on behalf of Barack Obama. There's been no evidence produced for those claims. The British have pushed back against them strongly. People on the Hill say they have not seen any evidence of this, and Comey will be asked about that first and foremost.","OK.  And over at the Senate, the first hearings for President Trump's nomination for the Supreme Court - what kind of reception is he going to get?","Well, that's going to be the big event of the week. Neil Gorsuch, who has been nominated by Donald Trump, is going to be asked a lot of questions about his views on executive power, about Donald Trump's comments disparaging judges and the entire court system. This is one of Donald Trump's most important early initiatives. The Republicans have 52 votes in the Senate. They say if they have to change the rules so they won't need 60 to confirm him, they will do that. So it's going to be very, very hard for the Democrats to stop him. But this is just the first of many, many judicial vacancies that Donald Trump will have the opportunity to fill because of the age of judges on the bench right now and the number of vacancies.","And something else we're looking at, obviously, is what's happening on Thursday - a much anticipated vote in the House. They're voting on the repeal-and-replace legislation for Obamacare. Does Speaker Ryan have the votes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This turn has a literal meaning of altering or modifying established regulations or guidelines. However, in this context, it is used to refer to the Republicans' willingness to change the Senate rules to confirm Gorsuch with a simple majority vote rather than the usual 60-vote threshold required for Supreme Court nominees.","questions":"What is the Republicans' plan if they have to change the rules to confirm Gorsuch?","answer":"Rules"}
{"text":["He gave him something called Ward's White Drops which didn't do anything. The poor bishop died a few months later, and Dr.  Hunter was the one who performed the autopsy. And he collected the bishop's rectum for whatever reasons and he preserved them in formaldehyde. And when he started his museum, it became one of the main things on exhibit and it's still there.","Hmm. For - yeah, for all of us to take a look at.","Mm-hmm.","What made this an outstanding candidate?Just the story like that, for your. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The drops did not help the bishop's condition which eventually led to his death. Dr. Hunter collected and preserved the bishop's rectum, which became a prominent exhibit in his museum.","questions":"Which part of the bishop's body did Dr. Hunter preserve in formaldehyde?","answer":"Rectum"}
{"text":["And Mr.  Cohen has had his brushes with the criminal justice system before, hasn't he?","Well, I don't think it's fair to say that he has. I think that there are many people around him who have, ranging from members of his family to myriad business associates - associates of his in the taxi business. When he first got out of law school and started working as a personal injury lawyer in, I think, 1992 or 1993, the first job he took was with a personal injury law firm where the named partner was arrested on bribery charges within a year or two of Michael having arrived there. Now, Michael was a junior associate. You know, I wouldn't want to imply that somehow that related to him, but that was the first known instance of many that followed of Mr.  Cohen being around or being involved with people that got into a lot of legal trouble - other lawyers, business associates and so forth.","In the 30 seconds we have left, is he - is Michael Cohen in a position to know a lot about Donald Trump and The Trump Organization that they might rather not have the public know?","I think that's right. But I think we have to make a distinction between knowing a lot that they might not want the public to know to having information that represents evidence that can be used in a criminal prosecution, whether it's of people at The Trump Organization, Mr.  Trump's family or Mr.  Trump himself, who likely wouldn't be indicted under any circumstances because he's the sitting president."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Michael Cohen has been associated with people who have gotten into legal trouble","questions":"Which law firm did Michael Cohen join after graduating from law school?","answer":"unnamed"}
{"text":["This seems to be something that President Trump does a lot. He doubles down on controversial comments.","And digs in. When someone tells him he's wrong, he especially digs in.","Yeah. Let's turn to trade now. There are reports that this administration is close to a new round of tariffs on Chinese goods, while they are still opening a new round of talks with Beijing. So what is going on?How should we read this?","Well, there might be something of a disconnect between the president and others in his administration. Others in his administration want to resolve what has been an escalating and ongoing trade dispute with China. What's being discussed here are $200 billion in tariffs on Chinese products. It isn't official yet, but according to many reports, it is coming. The question is whether these tariffs are a means to an end, the idea that you would be tightening the screws on China to get them to change their behavior and that then these tariffs would be dropped, or whether it's an end in itself."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Screws are not literally being tightened on China. It just means that increased political and economic pressure is being placed on the country.","questions":"How are the screws being tightened on China?","answer":"Pressure"}
{"text":["We're coming over the initial shock. It's a very strange situation to live in one of the wealthiest countries in the world. And we have been living in more luxury than almost any other nation on this planet, and now all of a sudden we find ourselves almost like beggars.","You talk about the swift difference between being so wealthy to now being in a totally different place. Is this what everyone - is the average person going through something like this?Or is this just a select few that went from being so wealthy to so not wealthy?","The general public here has been very, very well off. But now people that are starting to lose their jobs - hundreds of people that used to work in the banks have been losing their jobs recently. We know that a lot of companies are going to become bankrupt. We had almost no unemployment in the past years. We've been importing workers from Eastern Europe because we didn't have enough people to work in our companies.","So, how are people coping with this?Are they selling off their belongings?What are they doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker explains that even though the general public has been well off, many people are starting to lose their jobs and companies are becoming bankrupt, leading to an increase in unemployment.","questions":"How has the recent economic situation affected employment?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["Yeah.","You're just sitting there going, wow!You know, if you just do a double take, you're like, that's him on screen. It was amazing. Just the way he held the mic, the way he stood in front of the mic, all of it was so much of Biggie.","I have to say, I can't wait to see it. I got a chance to interview Biggie at one of the big awards shows, like, 10, 12 - no, it's longer than that. Anyway, I'm old. But anyway.","Yeah, we all are."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : double take means to look at something again because you are surprised","questions":"Which word describes how \"B\" felt about the interview with Biggie?","answer":"Excited"}
{"text":["Tell me how you grew up.","Well, my grandparents raised me. When their - they had - they've been foster parents for as long as I can remember. And I was actually the first child other than their own that they actually took care of, and they raised me since I was six months old.","Although my mom lived there as well, she was always - you know, raised me as well, but I lived in their house. I always kept myself around something musical, whether it was being in a play where I played the drunk daughter, or sneaking out to the studio to make a, you know, a demo that never became anything. But you know, it was all a part of what I felt I needed to do beyond, you know, those - that house and beyond church. You know, I was always looking for something to do outside of that - of those four walls.","In this book, you talk about some really rough times you went through. Being held out a window by an abusive boyfriend who threatened to drop you to your death, being beat up, being manipulated. Why do you feel that it was important to put all that in the book?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B pursued music and activities outside of his grandparents' house and church.","questions":"How did PersonB spend their time outside of their grandparents' house and church?","answer":"Music"}
{"text":["Here's a small piece of the big picture. We ask you our listeners to write in with stories about how you're doing these days financially. We call the series The Real Economy. We've heard from more than a 150 people, among them Jon Diebold in Cincinnati. Jon, what station do you hear our show on there?","91. 7 WVXU.","Well, thanks for listening. And you lead a pretty busy life there at work and at home. You own a small restaurant. How are things?","Well, it's been rough. The economy, I think, is affecting everyone and certainly those with discretionary disposable income.","Yeah. Do you do a lunch business there?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The restaurant is experiencing a decline in business due to the current economic situation","questions":"Which business is being affected by the current economic situation?","answer":"Restaurant"}
{"text":["Can you help us chart out who has said what about whom?","Let me tell you what my friend Nell Minow said. She's a well-known critic of boards and observer of boards, and she said about the HP board: Is there something in the water, in which ostensibly smart people, time after time after time stub their toe?This time around, the CEO, Leo Apotheker, had bought this company, Autonomy, for $11 billion. Leo's been fired and they've written down eight billion of that $11 billion, partly in acknowledgment that the company was never worth what they originally said and partly because they're claiming accounting fraud, although the former CEO of Autonomy is vociferously saying it's not true. It's really unbelievable.","And this isn't the first time the lid's been lifting on HP.","No, it hasn't. You remember the pretexting scandal, where they were trying to track down leaks, the board was trying to track down who was leaking, and they pretexted phone companies to get phone records of reporters?You remember the big fight over Compaq computer where the children of the founders of HP, you know, opposed the deal and eventually had to leave the board?You remember the sex scandal involving Mark Hurd, two CEOs ago?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: Nell Minow believes the board of HP is incompetent for repeatedly making bad decisions, such as the purchase of Autonomy for $11 billion which has been written down to $8 billion.","questions":"How much did HP purchase Autonomy for?","answer":"$11,billion"}
{"text":["I was listening back to some of the pieces that you've done in the past couple of months as we prepare for this broadcast. One of the things that China may have to change is the role of its banks. Banks like to take very few risks if possible, and that means investing in those big state-owned industries that have - well, they may not be spectacular returns anymore, but they are reliable.","Yeah. The banks do extremely well. You and I could sit back and run those banks and be very, very wealthy, though, communist.","The government sets the interest rates and so the banks can make a lot money. And if you're a Chinese person, you can't really get much of your capital out of the country. So where else are you going to put it?","One of the problems with the banks is that they tend to invest in state-owned enterprises. It's kind of part of their job, and it's less risky. But most of the jobs in China are really produced by private enterprise, as they are here in the United States. And it's much harder for them to get capital. So people are, in many ways, feelings that the economy is out of whack in a number ways and that there need to be some serious changes. The government knows this, but there are now very strong vested interests in state-owned enterprises and the banks. And so getting that done is not going to be easy politically."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Chinese citizens have limited investment options due to government regulations","questions":"How are Chinese citizens affected by government regulations?","answer":"reconnected"}
{"text":["Absolutely. This is probably one of the most consequential elections in Israel in the last 10 years, since Netanyahu has been in power.","Daniel, thanks so much.","You're welcome.","That's NPR's Daniel Estrin."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : None of the turns have implied meanings that are different from their literal meanings. They all convey their literal meanings without any hidden or implied messages.","questions":"What is the name of the reporter mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Daniel"}
{"text":["Do you think what we've seen over the past couple of weeks represents some kind of tipping point in the way people think about guns?","Probably not, unfortunately. I mean, after - Sandy Hook was about the worst thing that could ever possibly happen. And it didn't substantially change the tone of this debate. What is different is when you mix an ISIS story, which is what we have now, with a gun-control story. Maybe that's what's going to change things.","The idea that people who may not have been able to get on an airplane were able to acquire guns.","Right, right, right. We have zero tolerance for Islamic - Islamic State terrorism. We seem to have a certain level of tolerance for a certain number of school shootings a year. So - I'm sorry to say it, but it's true. And so maybe that's what tips this debate. But I don't see any one incident tipping the debate in the way you're suggesting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4) the speaker is implying that the US has a higher level of tolerance for school shootings than for terrorism.","questions":"How does the speaker view the US's tolerance for school shootings versus terrorism?","answer":"Higher"}
{"text":["Exactly. Well, they, you know, they have a head start in knowing at least that they're meant to be living in the nervous system, which means that there's a little bit of built-in safety and stability that may not quite exist in cells. They can become and kind cell to.","And how long are they effective for in the life of the mice they're injected into?","Well, in the mice that we've looked at, they were effective throughout the lifespan of the animal. So they were present, having their action and, you know, ultimately the animals do die. But it raises the question of, well, what about if we re-dose the animals?Would we have an even longer effect?Would we increase even the area that the stem cells were able to engraft in?Would we have a better effect?You know, that is where the investigations now need to go.","All right. Dr.  Snyder, thank you for taking time to be with is today and happy holiday to you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Further investigation needed to determine if stem cells can have longer effects","questions":"Which question is raised about re-dosing animals with stem cells?","answer":"Effect"}
{"text":["The best story.","Just another story.","Really quickly, the New York Jets have announced their new head coach, Bill, and I know that that is a subject of your next wonderful column. Give us a sneak preview.","Well, yeah. Buddy Ryan's son, Rex Ryan, had his first conference yesterday, and you know, he was so enthusiastic I was ready to snap on the pass."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"and I know that that is the subject of your next wonderful column\" implies that the next column written should be about that subject","questions":"How did PersonB describe PersonA's next column topic?","answer":"Subject"}
{"text":["And why did it bother you that so many church leaders didn't mention the obvious, that the Pulse was a gay nightclub?","Well, it seemed a real failure to try to understand that community. One of my theology professors said that in the Gospels, for Jesus, sin is often a failure to bother to love. And it seemed to me a failure to bother to love this particular community in their real moment of grief.","You quote with approval the words of an Australian bishop who says quote, \"we cannot talk about the integrity of creation, the universal and inclusive love of God, while at the same time colluding with the forces of oppression and the ill-treatment of racial minorities, women and homosexual persons. \"","Why is that statement even remotely controversial to some?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : You quote with approval the words of an Australian bishop who says quote, \"we cannot talk about the integrity of creation, the universal and inclusive love of God, while at the same time colluding with the forces of oppression and the ill-treatment of racial minorities, women, and homosexual persons.\"","questions":"What did the Australian bishop say about the forces of oppression and ill-treatment of certain groups?","answer":"Oppression"}
{"text":["Yeah, Scott, well it began with - you know, it was a warm night last night, and people were out - it was a Friday night - sitting at a restaurant out at a cafe. And that's how it started. The attackers drove by with Kalashnikovs and just fired into everyone at that outdoor cafe. And there was also an attack on the stadium - the national stadium - where Francois Hollande was watching a game - a friendly game - match between France and Germany - a soccer match. And two assailants blew themselves up with - they were suicide bombers outside the stadium. And everyone ran to the grass to take cover. There was complete chaos. It had to be evacuated. The thing authorities are saying that's so striking is that they were perfectly coordinated.","To occur at the same time. . .","Exactly.",". . . Which, of course, would deplete the emergency resources the city could bring to it. In the. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Yeah, Scott, well it began with - you know, it was a warm night last night, and people were out - it was a Friday night - sitting at a restaurant out at a cafe. And that's how it started. The attackers drove by with Kalashnikovs and just fired into everyone at that outdoor cafe. And there was also an attack on the stadium - the national stadium - where Francois Hollande was watching a game - a friendly game - match between France and Germany - a soccer match. And two assailants blew themselves up with - they were suicide bombers outside the stadium. And everyone ran to the grass to take cover. There was complete chaos. It had to be evacuated. The thing authorities are saying that's so striking is that they were perfectly coordinated.","questions":"How did the attackers initiate the attack?","answer":"Kalashnikovs"}
{"text":["How was that?","Well, it was astonishing. I think that the grown-ups around us were much too confused themselves to be able to sort of sit down and tell us that when they said that television sets belong to Satan, maybe they hadn't been right. Suddenly, we've got a television set in our house. Suddenly, we've got a radio. . .","Oh, boy.",". . . (Laughter) In our house. And suddenly, we're being taken to go and see \"Gone With The Wind\" in the cinema."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: Amused disbelief at the sudden change in the status quo.","questions":"Which emotion did PersonA express after the change in the status quo?","answer":"Amused"}
{"text":["Mr.  DAVID M.  KENNEDY (Director, Center for Crime Prevention and Control): Hello.","So what's this \"stop snitching\" culture about?","Race.","What do you mean by that?That's a very blunt answer."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The 'stop snitching' culture is related to the issue of race.","questions":"How is the 'stop snitching' culture connected to?","answer":"Race"}
{"text":["That was just - what I did, I picked students that I've had in class before. I'm a business education teacher. So I made sure they were students that really were comfortable with the computer and they could get the information that I needed. So I really just gave them - I rented my classroom out for - actually I did it for two Saturdays. And I had five students come in each time. And I just gave them topics that I wanted questions about. And then I just had one or two of those students verify the information, and then I went back over and I verified it as well.","You've got a company now called Jornic DVD Games. What are your plans in terms of the company?Are you going to try and put out more titles?","Absolutely. After - I'm looking at putting out one more title before the Christmas holiday, but I haven't decided. I'm looking at a couple, but I haven't made a decision yet.","You're still going to teach, and you're going to try to design more games. Are you afraid that, you know, are you afraid of losing your shirt in business?Because you know, there's nothing guaranteed."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A rented out her classroom to students to collect information for her business.","questions":"What did PersonA do to collect information for her business?","answer":"Rent"}
{"text":["What's a fuel hedge?Explain that.","A fuel hedge is basically a financial contract that you buy in the commodity market where you essentially pre-buying fuel. So Southwest CEO, Gary Kelly, back in 2003, as the U. S.  was preparing to go to war in Iraq, just decided that the war in the Middle East wasn't probably good for oil prices, and he went out and bought a lot of oil ahead of time. Pre-bought it, and that has paid off in billions of dollars of profits for the airline.","And this continues from 2003?Do they continue to buy fuel ahead?Because the price of oil over the last year, I mean, it keeps going up and up. At some point you would think they would say we're not going to buy anymore.","You know it's fascinating because a lot of people thought Southwest hedges would fade out. They did make that big bet when prices were in the 30's, but they kept buying and they have continued to buy. They have most of their oil bought for this year at about 57 dollars a barrel. If you don't have hedges, you're right now paying about 120 something dollars a barrel. And they've bought fuel all the way out to 2012 as of today."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Southwest has continued to buy fuel ahead despite the rising oil prices over the years","questions":"Which airline has most of its oil bought for this year at about 57 dollars a barrel?","answer":"Southwest"}
{"text":["Well, if it's $135 million cut this year, I can envision an entire university being closed.","Meaning having to shut an entire campus.","We have three universities in our system and 13 community colleges all across the state. And so 135 million would be one of our universities and all of our community campuses.","What else in the immediate term are you considering doing or are you already doing to comply with this budget cut?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Closing an entire campus is one possible consequence.","questions":"Which consequence?","answer":"Closing"}
{"text":["They do but it's almost imperceptible. They're - they have pretty soft body for ants and unless they get you in a very sensitive part, you can't even feel it. But in fire ants - fire ants have a stinger so they sting. So that's what the painful part of a fire ant sting is.","What's the future of these guys?Do you think that they're going to populate the whole South?I mean is there any limit to their migration?","Well, there are several limits, and we don't know what a lot of them are yet. One very important limit in the short term is that they do - they don't have winged dispersal. So they don't send out ants - winged ants to form new colonies, which means their spread is quite slow over land, about 200 meters a year radially.","So the only way that they can colonize distant places is when people pick them up and move them, which unfortunately people do a lot. And they do it because these ants like to live in these pre-existing cavities, like flower pots or plywoods you left on the ground too long or old boxes. So that's one limitation to their spread. Others are that - are abiotic(ph) limitations like freeze tolerance and drought tolerance. And we don't know yet what those are for this species."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They like to live in holes of things such as pots and the ground.","questions":"Which objects do the ants prefer to live in?","answer":"Holes"}
{"text":["And if the court - the judges in the court find him insane, that would, he believes, invalidate his political arguments.","Yeah. It seems like that. Normal, it's considered to be less of punishment or it's actually, technically, it's not the punishment if they sentence you to - sentence you as an insane man and put you in a hospital because then you then aren't responsible for what you did. Anders Breivik, however, wants to be considered as a person who know - knew what he did on the 22nd of July.","And has scoffed at the conceivable punishment. As I understand it, he could get 21 years in jail if convicted and found sane and that he says, wait a minute, either I should be acquitted or I should be put to death.","Yeah. Instead that - but we can't really put anyone to death in Norway, but it's correct that there are maximum - maximum punishment is 21 years. But we also have what we call - I've been looking for the correct English expression, and I think it's called containment, which is a system where a person that is considered to be a threat even after a certain period of time, he can actually be held in prison indeterminate because the - we can't - it's not really considered safe to let him out again in the society."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Breivik hopes that being found insane will invalidate his political arguments and be a way for him to avoid punishment.","questions":"What punishment could Anders Breivik face if he is convicted and found sane?","answer":"21"}
{"text":["Yeah. So, I mean, you know, I had gotten drunk once or twice. I actually bartended one of my mother's parties for her - the faculty of the English department of the local college. And I loved. . .","He always makes that point.","Well, I was 12, you know, I was old enough to serve alcohol. You didn't have to be. . .","You were bartending at the age of 12?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : none","questions":"Which party did PersonA serve as a bartender for?","answer":"English"}
{"text":["No, because the guys used to sit on the porch and play their guitars and (unintelligible). And then would beat to the tap of their foot. So I kind of adapted that tanta-ta-tan-tum, tanta-ta-tan-tum(ph). I mean, because - I mean, my people - my relatives, most of them were from Jackson, Mississippi. So when they migrated to Indianapolis, they kind of brought a lot of that feeling.","When he said write a hit, that one song people know me all over the world, in Russia, Africa, Japan, all over the world, people, the first thing they say when they see me, \"Red Clay. \"","In the course of your career, you had, obviously, highs and you had some lows, and they've been described as personal problems. Without going into detail, are we to assume that those problems were substance abuse related?","Well, substance abuse, I wouldn't really say I had a problem with that. I mean, I would say that at one period in the '70s, I started partying, I was in Hollywood A-list(ph). And everybody would come up there, I mean, all kind of movie stars, all kind of football stars, basketball stars, actors. And I had a spot right there in (unintelligible) overlooking the (unintelligible). And the people that I had coming up there - now, the substance abuse, it was around because a lot of people who would come to see me would bring it. But I would never really say I had a habit or anything like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : My lows were not due to substance abuse.","questions":"What were PersonA's lows not due to?","answer":"Substance"}
{"text":["After he infected you?","Yeah, yeah.","So, let me get this straight. He infected you. You went back to him, and then he didn't want to be associated with you because other people knew about you?","Right. And he was scared his own status would be revealed. They would, you know, he was scared people would think, oh, she got it from him, and things like that.","What was it that you think made you go back to him when many other people would say I'm so angry I want to smack this guy up the head, or worse?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : smack implies giving the person a quick blow or slap","questions":"How did PersonB suggest physically punishing the guy in turn 4?","answer":"smack"}
{"text":["I have no idea where my sister is. I heard my aunt was released from the distant relatives, but I have no information on my sister.","So do you have any sense of what their lives have been like in these camps that they were sent to?Do you know for sure that they were sent to camps?","I assume that they are in the camps because I hear many people - such as my sister, they are just disappearing. I don't know what kind of condition that my sister is being held. But I know the conditions of the camps. We have been talking to former detainees who's been released from these camps. People there facing forced indoctrinations, mental and physical abuses, forced to take unknown medicines, food and the sleep deprivations. The conditions are extremely bad.","I mean, it's not only the people who are in these camps whose lives have been affected by this crackdown by the Chinese government. It's also the lives of people who are just living in Xinjiang. Can you describe what daily life is like for them?","The people in the entire region is facing Orwellian-style-like police state. They are being monitored 24 hours a day. There are news reports that 1. 1 million Chinese cadres deployed to the Uighur homes to live with.","Officials who are just sitting there in the homes. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The entire region is under heavy surveillance by the Chinese government","questions":"How is the situation in the entire region?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["Yes. The, quote, unquote - they said my family still stays in Pakistan, and I will inherit a little amount of money when my parents pass away and that my fiance still lives in Pakistan. And these are the reasons that they knew - even my recruiters knew even before I joined the U. S.  military. If they wanted to deny me, they could have denied me at the time of recruitment. But they made me wait two and a half years in limbo. And that impacted my studies a lot.","And I gather this week the U. S.  Army reinstated more than 30 recruits. But were you one of them?","I was not. The memo from the Department of Defense said that all the recruits who got discharged after July 20, they will be reinstated. And I got discharged on July 1. So it does not make any sense why the people after July 20 can get reinstated and not me.","How do you feel?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A's family and fiance being in Pakistan were used as excuses to discriminate against them in the military","questions":"Which country's military was PersonA discriminated against in?","answer":"U.S."}
{"text":["Greetings.","The WHO says the crisis is worse than they'd estimated. What are you hearing?","Indeed. And Keiji Fukuda of the WHO is warning that the speed and the spread of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa is unprecedented. And he says it has never spread as fast and over such a large area. We're talking about four countries. It started in Guinea and then crossed the border into Sierra Leone and then Liberia with a few cases in Nigeria, Africa's most populous nation. And he cites factors such as families hiding sick relative, as you said, Scott, instead of taking them early to Ebola health centers, which, of course, gives them the best chance of survival. And the WHO describes what it calls shadow zones. That medical workers cannot enter because of resistance from communities. And we've seen problems like that in Liberia - the hardest hit of the countries.","And what countries are blocking entry to travelers and how is that likely to affect them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Literally, turn (4) is asking for information about which countries are blocking entry to travelers and how that will affect them. However, the implied meaning is that B is concerned about the impact of travel restrictions on those countries and possibly on the global effort to contain the Ebola epidemic.","questions":"How is PersonB feeling about the impact of travel restrictions on the countries affected by the Ebola epidemic and the global effort to contain it?","answer":"Concerned"}
{"text":["How are you doing?","Hello, Farai. How are you?","Oh, I'm good. You know, we've run in full tilt here. So, let's start with the Democrats. For months, Senator Clinton had held a comfortable lead over Senator Obama, nationally. All caveats about polls in place. What happened to their relative standing?","Hillary Clinton was over 50 percent in some polls in 2007, and then in - even in January - even after Barack Obama had shocked her in Iowa, she still maintained a 15 to 20-point lead in most polls taken nationally because Barack Obama had not yet been introduced to much of the country, and it was still kind of one-sided contest. But over the last couple of weeks, particularly since the South Carolina win really re-launched to the Obama momentum, he's been not just creeping up, he's been absolutely climbing up, and he has been taking over more and more states. And as a result, now even the national poll is reflecting that this race is too close to call - it's a statistical dead heat."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implicated meaning: We have been extremely busy or working at full capacity.","questions":"Which word describes the speed at which they have been operating?","answer":"Busy"}
{"text":["You've written that News Inside is your way of not forgetting the people who you left behind when you were released. Explain what you meant by that.","I always say that there's people who become who they are on the inside. They develop into real-life human beings with hopes and dreams and their visions of the world, and they love each other. And they become family even more so than their family on the outside because a person haven't seen his mom, his aunt or uncle on a consistent basis for decades.","But yet a person sees his neighbor in a cell next door on a consistent basis. So bonds are developed. And when some of those individuals eventually go home, it's like losing a family member. Like, I would actually feel pain when someone would leave me. And sometimes some of the men would go in their cell, turn their lights off, and then they were crying tears because they're going to miss the person that was leaving. And when people left me, I always hoped that they wouldn't forget, that they would write me a letter so I can live vicariously through them and dream of what it's like to be free.","So I can't reach everyone in the country with a letter, but I could reach everyone through News Inside. I can curate a particular set of articles that I believe will speak to all those desires that everyone has and hopefully sate those desires in any way that I can."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"There's people who become who they are on the inside.\"  This turn is a figurative expression that means some people change and grow emotionally and mentally while incarcerated.","questions":"What does PersonA say about the people who become who they are on the inside?","answer":"Change"}
{"text":["We are ecstatic about all the attention we're getting. I mean, we're actually accustomed of making I guess the decision of nominating the first, you know, woman candidate for president or African-American candidate for president, and - or even on the Republican side, nominating that person; who is going to get the nomination for the Republican side. That's all I bring here first. And so we're just really elated to have all that kind of attention and really basking in their joy, you know, right now.","Tell us about what political party you like and what's important to you?","I'm non-partisan. I'm an independent voter. I'm a conservative businessman, I mean, I own my own business. And my leanings are towards whatever politician's going to address a lot of my issues, which is, you know, health care, education, especially I have three teenagers and those type of issues. But again, I'm just so happy to be able to be choosing between a woman and an African-American and a white guy\u2026","\u2026for president."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : e turn in (3) implies that the speaker does not have a strong allegiance to any particular political party and is more concerned with the issues that affect them personally.","questions":"Which issues concern the speaker more?","answer":"Personal"}
{"text":["You note when Turkey failed to prosecute this man and then your office did prosecute this man that you became a kind of social media hero in Turkey. You got a huge following. Apparently. . .","Yeah. Completely undeserved. As I said, other people had done the work. But I became a symbol. And I say, look, the prosecutors are not saviors. They can't solve everything. It takes an involvement from a lot of other people. It just happens to be the case that it's very easy to put, you know, their hopes and hatreds both, sometimes, in the figure of a prosecutor.","Are people putting too much faith in Robert Mueller?","People should have a lot of faith in Robert Mueller. I have a ton of faith in Robert Mueller. I think, you know, he is not a deity and he should not be put on a pedestal, but there's no one I can think of in the country who could have done this job as honorably as he's doing. And even he has been attacked and dragged through the mud and false accusations made about him. What I'm saying is he's just a lawman acting by the book trying to do what he thinks is correct with a band of really, really smart, I think, honorable people around him."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Mueller should be respected and trusted, even though he has been wrongfully attacked and criticized.","questions":"Which lawman should be respected and trusted despite false accusations?","answer":"Mueller"}
{"text":["People call out sick, and they actually monitor how much an impact the video game has for the movies that were released, for how many people called out sick, and whether work or productivity goes down. So this isn't, you know, an isolated event.","You were mentioning the violence of some of the previous versions. Is it still the kind of game where, for example, you can shoot a police officer virtually?","Yeah. Absolutely it still is that type of game. I mean, this is a mature-rated game, which means, theoretically, that you cannot purchase this game unless you are 17 or older. So, it does have violence. It does have partial nudity in the game. And one thing that's caught some attention by the Mothers Against Drunk Driving in the game is - there is a component, or an element, where you can actually - you make a choice however, whether or not you grab a drink at a bar, and then go driving and then the screen simulates what that experience would be like. And so Mothers against Drunk Driving have stepped out on that.","But this is an adult title. There is - on the box, it says there's alcohol. There's drugs. There's partial nudity, intense violence. So you really want to be concerned if, you know, younger audiences are playing this game, you'd better make sure their maturity level can handle it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : YOUNGERS DOESN'T KNOW THE IMPACTS OF VIDEO GAMES AND IT AFFECT THEIR MATURITY LEVEL","questions":"What does the box say about the content of the game?","answer":"Content"}
{"text":["Is there a danger of South Koreans becoming too complacent?","I think that they do talk about that. But there's also reality, which is when you have this incredibly materialistic society, it's literally a, you know, (speaking Korean) style (speaking Korean) land, then, you know, the reality of this war with this nation under Kim Jong Un kind of doesn't strike anyone as a realistic thing. And, yes, there is a danger to it. But at the same time, life does go on. And life is a very, very, very fast and active one in South Korea.","So we've been talking about war. What about peace?Do the South Koreans even think about the possibility of detente anymore, the possibility of the border reopening?","I mean, I think the issue of one Korea reunification is one of those politically manipulated one. You know, the left parties used it. The right has used it, certainly, in South Korea. So it's almost like this sort of symbol whenever they need to use sort of national security in order to unite people or get their agenda across. So it's almost become a tired one, where everyone - if you were to talk to them and you interview South Koreans, they'll all say, reunification is necessary. Do they want it?They would pause. Do they want to pay for 25 million North Koreans?Do they want refugees?They don't really want that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The reality of the war with North Korea does not seem like a realistic threat to South Koreans due to their fast-paced and materialistic lifestyle.","questions":"What is the reason South Koreans do not perceive the threat of war with North Korea?","answer":"Lifestyle"}
{"text":["Yeah.","And so - especially in the 24\/7 cable environment, where you're desperate for eyeballs, you know, which would you rather see, somebody who's methodically and deliberately laying out the science of climate change or two people yelling at each other and getting. . .","Yeah.",". . . into a fight. So unfortunately, the media itself has some structural issues that make it harder to have a reasonable conversation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) implies agreement with the previous statement and reinforces the idea that the media environment has structural issues that prevent reasonable conversations.","questions":"Which turn agrees with the idea that the media has some structural issues that hinder reasonable conversations?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["I've been embedded with U. S.  troops. And, as I don't have to tell you, you know, it's close quarters out there - in all ways - and soldiers are exposed to each other in all kinds of intimate ways. Does mixing genders just add an extra complication that combat can do without?","You know, I was forward deployed with Delta Force. I slept in some pretty crappy places, for lack of a better term. Is it a little bit of extra effort?Sure. You know, I'm not going to say that it's not. But when you look at the benefit, when you look at what you're losing, OK, the qualified, talented, amazing, remarkable women who walk into a recruiter's office and want to serve their country and are told you can serve your country but you have to pick from one of these jobs. It's just that you're a woman. But you know what?Every step of progress along the way in the history of our country, there have been people who have tried to make it more difficult, you know, integrated, racially or in any other, you know, situation that we've had to take a step forward in progress. There have been people that have made it more difficult. But the benefit just far outweighs.","Major Mary Jennings Hegar. Thanks so much.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) implies that Major Mary Jennings Hegar is being thanked and acknowledged for her efforts in making progress for integrating genders in combat.","questions":"How was Major Mary Jennings Hegar acknowledged in the dialogue?","answer":"Hegar"}
{"text":["The flu hits with the regularity of seasons. But it's hard to know when it will peak, and how it might spread. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention want to forecast yearly bouts of influenza the way that meteorologists predict storms. So they've set up a contest every two weeks through March, in which competing teams submit predictions for when the flu will peak and how intense it will be.","Mark Dredze is a professor of computer science at the Johns Hopkins University. He analyzes social media data, to try to learn about health trends. Professor Dredze, thanks so much for being with us.","I'm happy to be here.","So how do you use social media to make a prediction on a medical matter?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies a respectful and inquisitive inquiry into how Professor Dredge uses social media to make predictions.","questions":"How does Professor Dredze utilize social media data to forecast the onset of the flu?","answer":"Data"}
{"text":["I'm looking to see if we can use this talent to save elephants and our other wildlife. If we can use these elephant to help find areas with landmines and clear them faster than current methods, then that's fantastic. By bringing in samples to the elephant and getting them to say yes, this area might have landmines and this area has a high likelihood of not having landmines - just clearing land a bit quicker - maybe we could open up areas to wildlife and humans alike. Then we wanted to look past it. They're using dogs to detect cancer. They're using dogs to detect diseases. And if we could use our elephant to do the same, then hopefully we can save a lot of people.","Do you - is to work with elephants to become awed by them?","I must admit I've had elephants since I was 7 years old and there isn't a day that doesn't go past when I am not blown away by them. They are incredible animals. They're highly intelligent. They're good fun to be around and, yeah, to be awed by them is putting it lightly. They really are very, very special animals. It's hard to put that across to somebody on the other side of the world, but when you work with them and play with them every day, you'll have a special feeling for them, which is amazing.","Sean Hensman is operator of Adventures with Elephants in Bela-Bela, South Africa. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that  implies that A has a deep admiration and respect for elephants that goes beyond being simply awed by them.","questions":"Which feeling does PersonA have for elephants?","answer":"Feeling"}
{"text":["Hudson is confident that Broadway Federal Bank won't be harmed by the recent spate of bankruptcies and bailouts. Though the bank specializes in real estate and caters to minority investors, it never got caught up in the subprime mortgage game that has become the downfall of other banks.","In order to play in that game, you had to have large volumes and small margins, which has made mortgages like commodities. So the Countrywides, the WAMUs, the big mortgage companies, you would lose your shirt trying to compete with it. So, really, the small banks had to stand on the sidelines while a lot of money was being made by churning these loans and fees, and people were making huge amounts of money, banks were very profitable, and we weren't able to participate. But now, you know, the kind of like slow and steady feels very good right now.","Now, Hudson says he's starting to get a lot more calls from people who want to put their money in Broadway Federal.","Here's what used to happen in the old days. People would only put 100,000 dollars in Broadway because they knew that was the maximum FDIC insurance. They put a million dollars in Bank of America. They figured, well, I only - because Bank of America only has the same insurance as we do, only a 100,000. So they left 900,000 dollars uninsured because they said, well, that's Bank of America. I'm only worried about Broadway. I'm not worried about Bank of America."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Broadway Federal Bank is in a better position than other banks because it did not get involved in subprime mortgages.","questions":"What type of loans caused the downfall of other banks?","answer":"Subprime"}
{"text":["Well, it's a heck of a lot more. So the total incentive package, when you include some training grants and other things like that, is $7 million over 10 years that they're being offered now. What critics are complaining about is that it appears from a certain perspective that the state is essentially rewarding Carrier, even as it ships some of the jobs to Mexico anyway. From another perspective, they're retaining, you know, a thousand jobs at least. And those jobs do produce revenue for the state through state income taxes and sales tax, and the state would argue that it - and Mike Pence would argue - that they come out ahead still on that.","I'm wondering if that doesn't make sense to you, given the fact that if those employers just left the state, there'd be no tax revenue for the state of Indiana to tap, and even more people losing jobs.","This is the gray area of economic development. You know, how many of these workers would find other jobs in this state?And in terms of these incentives, you know, these don't even appear to be the primary factor in Carrier's decision to keep these jobs here.","Is it felt that the most persuasive argument was the fact that United Technologies, which is the parent company of Carrier is a federal contractor and needs to have good relations with the federal government, which Mr.  Trump's about to head?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The state is willing to provide a financial incentive to Carrier despite knowing that some jobs will still be leaving for Mexico.","questions":"What is the state's stance on providing a financial incentive to Carrier?","answer":"Willing"}
{"text":["Philippines armed forces pounded militant positions again on Saturday, the fifth-straight day of fighting between government forces and ISIS-linked fighters who have occupied parts of the city of Marawi on the island of Mindanao. A military spokesman says that at least 40 militants have been killed since the fighting began, and at least 13 soldiers have died. We're joined now from Mindanao by Michael Sullivan.","Michael, thanks so much for being with us.","You're welcome, Scott.","You're just back from Marawi. What did you see?","Scott, I saw a ghost town, really. I mean, it was eerie. It's a city of more than 200,000 people. But it just looked as if someone had suddenly just snatched them all away, just plucked them from the street. The only people we saw in the city proper were heavily armed Philippine soldiers trying to flush out militant snipers. And you could hear intermittent gunfire on the streets approaching that part of the city that the militants still control."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"You're welcome, Scott\" - This is an expression of gratitude and respect, not an acknowledgement that Scott has granted permission. ","questions":"How did PersonA respond to PersonB's question about what he saw in Marawi?","answer":"Ghost"}
{"text":["The writer Michael Kinsley, who's a friend of this program, wrote about the surge a few months ago. Look at the numbers before the surge. Look at the numbers after the surge. This is what the Bush administration calls a success. One hundred and thirty thousand Americans in Iraq at the beginning and at the end. This country will still have about 130,000 soldiers - American soldiers in Iraq. Michael Kinsley said, have we really succeeded anything or have we just kind of changed the metric in some way?","Oh my Lord. I mean, what we have in Iraq, and I just got back, you know, less than two weeks ago. What we have in Iraq is a government that is elected by its people. It's the only Arab-Muslim country of that type, of that form of government in that region. It will have a long- term security relationship and a strategic relationship with the United States and be aligned with the United States. That is a major positive outcome for us, particularly given the fact that in 2006 we nearly lost the country and suffered a humiliating defeat.","Things do look an awful lot different than they did two years ago. You had a significant role in that, in thinking about what should be done at a time when it was a very unpopular plan to be putting forth. No one was - there wasn't a very big cheering squad for that. I wonder if you sit back on an evening now and feel some kind of sense of satisfaction?What is that?'","Well, I think there were a lot of people that, you know, have a hand in it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The government in Iraq is a major positive outcome for the US.","questions":"What is the outcome of the government in Iraq?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["So in 1996, there was something called the Dickey Amendment. And that resulted in federal funding being taken away for gun violence research. Even after Newtown and after President Obama had issued the executive order for the CDC to be able to study the cause of gun violence, there's still been a lot of hesitation to do that. You know, gun violence is responsible for about as many deaths as sepsis is. But funding for gun violence research is equivalent to 0. 7 percent of the funding that's allocated for sepsis. When you think about this in the big picture, we have such a public health crisis that we're dealing with yet not enough research and evidence that's being put into the system to figure out how we can develop solutions that are going to really make a difference.","You've actually experienced this from the other end. You were shot when you were 17. Tell me what happened.","After a high school football game one evening, I was nearly killed after being shot in the throat with a 38-caliber bullet. A lot of 17-year-olds don't appreciate the fact that they're mortal, don't realize, you know, kind of the importance of their family and other aspects like that. And when that injury happened to me, it really changed my life. It inspired me to want to be able to give other people the same second chance that I was given.","Dr.  Joseph Sakran is the director of Emergency General Surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Surviving a gunshot inspired me to help others","questions":"Which incident changed PersonA's perspective on life?","answer":"injury"}
{"text":["It sounds like from what you're saying the city leadership including the mayor is very much in support of there being this massive celebration.","I think that's fair to say. It's kind of been interesting to watch this unfold over the last couple of weeks, because the venues that would have been available, Soldier Field, the football stadium just a little ways away from here wasn't available apparently, or couldn't accommodate the Obama Campaign. The indoor arena, the United Center, some thought may be too small, seating 18,000, 20,000. But there's a concert there tonight anyway, so that was ruled out.","And it seemed to surprise city officials to some degree a month or so ago when the Obama campaign said they'd like to do it in the park. But the city has been very accommodating. They have pulled back - and initially Mayor Daley said everybody should come down, even if they don't have a ticket and just be a part of the celebration in the streets and around the park. The police department and the fire department and the emergency management folks for the city kind of pulled back on that and said, we only want people in the are who are supposed to be in the area, let's try to set up an alternative venue. And so that's what they've gone ahead and done in setting up in another section of Grant Park the big Jumbotrons.","Now, I understand that you have already gone and voted today."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to watch something unfold means to watch an event happen","questions":"What did the city officials initially say about people coming to the celebration?","answer":"accommodating"}
{"text":["Hopeful or not, I think the obvious answer is yes, I am a student of Zimbabwe, I am still very hopeful. But we are calling on President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa always been mandated by SADC to meet it in the Zimbabwe crisis, to look seriously in (unintelligible) and move away from this quiet diplomats which is not producing the desired result, and probably as the AU summit sits on Saturday with eight African leaders to take a position on Zimbabwe. The deployment of a peacekeeping mission is now long overdue. The people of Zimbabwe have suffered enough.","Clever, I want to thank you so much for talking with us.","You are welcome. Thank you very much.","Clever Bere is president of Zimbabwe's National Student Union. He spoke with us from Harare, Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Simultaneous use of soft-laser for exposure to the cochlea and administration of Ginkgo biloba extract for 4 weeks on a 20-50% of patients has been reported to be useful. Soft-laser mechanism of action is unknown, but it has been proved that light leads to athermic stimulation of biochemical processes","questions":"Which extract has been administered to patients along with soft-laser exposure in the reported treatment?","answer":"Ginkgo"}
{"text":["The truth of the matter is people like Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton, beneficiaries of affirmative action, would not have been at Harvard or at Yale have there not been those programs and obviously, they were completely qualified to be there as are all of the other black and Latino and women students in prestigious, elite higher education institutions in this nation.","You've fought and you lost. I'm talking about the Michigan Civil Rights Initiative of 2006. Now, we're talking about five more states. Really, what are you trying to do if these measures pass?","I think if they pass, then we're going to be filing lawsuits in every single one of the states where they've been passed - in Oklahoma, in Arizona, in Colorado, in Nebraska, in each and every one of those states - and very much like the march of the Supreme Court that was made by Thurgood Marshall nearly 50 years ago now to get Brown versus Board of Education. We're going to be going to the Supreme Court in saying overturn the new (unintelligible). You can't have an America in which states decide to eliminate the only programs that have brought about successful integration of higher education and of every occupation in this nation.","Now, Ward Connerly said of economic affirmative action was okay so you know, rich and poor but not racial or gender. How do you feel about those distinctions?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A: \"march of the Supreme Court that was made by Thurgood Marshall\" Implicated meaning: The phrase refers to Thurgood Marshall's efforts in the Supreme Court that led to the landmark case of Brown versus Board of Education, implying a historical precedent for taking legal action to challenge discriminatory practices.","questions":"Which landmark case is referenced in turn 2?","answer":"Brown"}
{"text":["So you can actually go to their job section and look for opportunities with the Office of Personnel Management using their website. Now they say that these are for non-career positions, whether in the White House, or in any federal department, agency, or commission. So this is interesting. I mean you just fill out the form below and you know, right on this website. I'm looking at it right now, and submit if you think you should be working for Obama and Biden.","It looks like - and other folks on NPR have spoken about this as well. There are so many questions - basically you have to have apparently lived a life of a saint in order to be able to pass some of these. . .","Some way of putting it.","Litmus tests. I mean is that really true or does it just seem that way because they really ask you basically have you ever jaywalked, have you ever - of course, not literally, but kind of.","Right, right. Well, I mean the point is this. Look, why waste time?I mean they're going to do what they need to do to process applications the way the federal government would do anyway. So why waste the time?The point is be transparent. I think what they're also trying to say here is send a message, be transparent with us because we're going to find out one way or the other. We're going to look at - if we really seriously are looking at considering hiring somebody, we're going to look at their online footprint, and I do think that they actually do mean that. They are going to look at that online footprint."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The requirements for these positions are very strict and may seem excessive.","questions":"What do the job positions require?","answer":"Requirements"}
{"text":["If Ms.  Sadler did - and that's something that the McCain family or Ms.  Sadler can comment on - those are private conversations, if, in fact, they happened. What I can tell you is that from the White House's standpoint, the alleged comments came in an internal meeting, and I can't comment any further.","In an interview with NPR on Friday, chief of staff Kelly said of undocumented immigrants, they're not criminals but not people who would easily assimilate into the United States into our modern society. They're overwhelmingly rural people. In the counties they come from, fourth-, fifth-, sixth-grade educations are kind of the norm. They don't speak English. They don't have skills. But as a number of experts have pointed out, that statement John Kelly made is just not true.","Look. We - no - we have low-skilled workers who come to this country all the time. . .","Low skills is different than no skills.",". . . Well, low skill - that's what the chief was talking about. We're talking about bringing in the best and brightest from around the world. That's not what is occurring now. But let's not pretend for a second we have a mean, heartless immigration policy. We have the most generous immigration policy in the world. So to pretend as though, somehow, we're closing off to the world is just ridiculous. What this president and what the chief of staff was talking about is we want people in this country who have a lot to offer the United States, who are the best and the brightest. And right now our immigration system as such - we don't get that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This statement implies that that undocumented immigrants are uneducated, rural, and lack English proficiency, and therefore, cannot assimilate into modern society, is a biased and stereotypical view.","questions":"Which group of people does Chief of Staff Kelly believe cannot assimilate into the United States?","answer":"Undocumented"}
{"text":["So why did some members of Congress choose to vote for the bailout bill and some against it. We've got two prominent members of Congress who made up their own minds and made different choices. A little bit later, we're going to talk to Representative Sheila Jackson Lee of Texas who voted against. But first we have Representative Maxine Waters of California, who voted for. How are you?","Hello. How are you doing today?","I'm doing great. So you voted for this bailout bill, why?","This is a rescue effort that has caught everybody by surprise. The fact of the matter is not only do we have to be concerned about our financial institutions and the market, we've got to be concerned about trying to do something to stem the tide of foreclosures and keep people in their homes. And part of this bill had in it a modification plan. We're going to acquire, that is buy up all of these toxic paper, or bad paper from these financial institutions. We then have an opportunity to do the kind of modification that we've been urging all along.","In addition to that, we have small businesses that are at risk. These small businesses that depend on banks for loans to make the payroll will literally go out of business. And we have the smaller minority bank, many of them who had their money invested in Fannie and Freddie when it was taken over, and they've lost all of their investment in that preferred stock. So we're trying to stem the tide of this devastation, to get the market stabilized and to protect the average citizens."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The bailout bill is necessary to help homeowners avoid foreclosure and help small businesses stay afloat.","questions":"Which groups of people are at risk and need protection according to Representative Maxine Waters?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["Thank you so much for talking with us.","Well, thank you for calling me. This has been a big thrill for me, I can tell you.","Aw, I'm really pleased.","Made my day - made my year."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Person A waiting for a call, a long time. So he\/she expresses as  \"Made my day - made my year\".","questions":"What did Person PersonA say that made their day and year?","answer":"Phonecall"}
{"text":["And what do you serve?I said $5 bowls of cereal, but expand on that menu if you could.","We sell 120 different cereals from all over the world. So we import cereals from America, from New Zealand, from Australia, from France, from Israel. We import cereals from all over the world, so it's a real experience coming in here because the walls are just littered with cereal memorabilia, toys that you used to get in the boxes. It's a real experience.","Now, I don't for a moment expect you to identify with the people who attacked your store. But can you - can you see where fancy bowls of cereal would kind of fit into their agenda about the world, their neighborhood changing right before their eyes?","I can see their point, but there's also a Versace shop that has just opened up around the corner. They're complaining that people in the area can't afford to come here and afford four pounds for a meal. But there's a Versace shop open around the corner and I think it's - very, very few percent of people in this neighborhood would even be able to walk in there and buy anything. I know I couldn't."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"We import cereals from all over the world, so it's a real experience coming in here because the walls are just littered with cereal memorabilia, toys that you used to get in the boxes.It's a real experience.\"","questions":"Which word describes the experience of visiting the cereal store?","answer":"Experience"}
{"text":["Again, going back to the example of Dayton, you said getting people together in one room did not work so well there.","Oh. You know, we had an opening banquet, which we had in this museum. I mean, it was an air museum, so, ironically, above the head of one the Serbs, we had a cruise missile, which had recently. . .","That was quite a coincidence. We didn't mean to do that. It had to do with the seating chart. But anyway, it all went very well and we saw that President Izetbegovic, the president of Bosnia, was talking to President Milosevic. So we thought, wow. This is going to be easier that we think, you know?Hold the food order. We think we can get out of here pretty quickly.","So the next day, we brought them all together, and they all screamed at each other so much so that I said to Holbrooke, we better not try this again. He said, you're not kidding. This could be the end of the whole conference. So we never did it again, until the very last day when we asked - when we had an agreement, and the three leaders of the three, what we called, warring factions, which a term they never liked, got together and actually initialed the Dayton Peace Accods."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite the seriousness of the situation, the placement of a cruise missile in the air museum at the opening banquet was an amusing coincidence.","questions":"How was the placement of the cruise missile at the opening banquet described?","answer":"amusing"}
{"text":["The United Nations World Food Programme has to cut back on the food that it gives out to some of the most imperiled people in the world. In Ethiopia, for example, it's had to lower the daily calorie intake for hundreds of thousands of refugees that it feeds in the camps there. Now, this is partly due to funding shortfalls, but there is also a growing need for food aid as the globe's conflicts continue. Peter Smerdon joins us now from Nairobi. He's the spokesperson for the World Food Programme in East Africa. Mr.  Smerdon, thanks for being with us.","My pleasure.","What kind of hard decisions do to the folks in your program have to make?","Basically, when we haven't got enough money, we have to decide who's not going to get food. And most of the people we serve are dependent on the United Nations World Food Programme for their food needs - in many cases, 100 percent because either they fled countries in conflict, and they have absolutely no money, no jobs and no assets left or because they're refugees, and they are confined to camps. They are not allowed to work. And they have no money, either."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Basically, when we haven't got enough money, we have to decide who's not going to get food.\"  The actual meaning implied in this turn is: \"Essentially, when we lack sufficient funds, we need to determine which individuals will not receive food.\"","questions":"Which program do people depend on for their food needs in many cases?","answer":"United-Nations"}
{"text":["Now, what made him unique genetically?Why is he the last of his kind?","Well, tortoises in general in the Galapagos Islands were exploited primarily by the whalers, before that by buccaneers, but whaling logbooks show that there were probably 100,000 to 200,000 tortoises removed from Galapagos in the 1800s. And each island that suffered that exploitation resulted in some with very, very few tortoises, such as Espanola that only had 14 tortoises left, and then Pinta that ended up with only George left on that island.","So it was primarily through exploitation from previous centuries, and then some hunting, perhaps, in the 20th century, but George was all alone up there.","Let me ask you, you said something very interesting before. You said that George had a unique personality. Do tortoises really have personalities?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker uses the word \"hunting\" to refer to the killing of tortoises, but this word carries a connotation of hunting for sport or pleasure, rather than the more utilitarian and exploitative meaning of the word as used in the context of the Galapagos tortoise population. Additionally, the speaker uses the phrase \"all alone up there\" to describe George's isolation on his island, when in fact the actual location of the island is not specified and the use of the phrase \"up there\" is a colloquial expression that does not convey any specific location or orientation.","questions":"Which word in turn (3) carries a connotation of hunting for sport or pleasure?","answer":"hunting"}
{"text":["Well, the first one was, of course, a really bad jolt that brought down all the buildings; things were swaying. The second one for some reason was - people panicked even more because I guess the memory of the first one was so fresh. Although it didn't kill as many people, and it was technically supposed to be an aftershock of the first one, still it sent people back to the shelters. People were sleeping out in the open again. And then just as things were starting to get back to some sort of normalcy, the panic level suddenly went up again.","Is the ground still shaking every now and then?","Oh, yeah, this is a roller coaster. I mean, it just - we haven't had any big aftershock today, but last night, yesterday morning - and we don't know if the aftershocks are just merging into one, you know, of the first one and the second one.","We're talking you on Skype. Has the world media left at this point?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : very good His words implied a threat. War implies fighting and death.","questions":"How did PersonA describe the second earthquake compared to the first one?","answer":"panicked"}
{"text":["In terms of the natural ecosystems, rapid changes coming, suddenly roads are getting built. People having the first time in nearly 22 years of warfare that they're able to get up and still moving around and finding markets and exploiting resources. Animals are resourced. They will be facing severe problems if poaching becomes more common that it already is, which is somewhat routine, and these things could be wiped out very badly in a few years, especially vulnerable species like elephants which are in so much danger elsewhere and even species that are quite rare and it's just only in South Sudan like certain kinds of antelope that were thought extinct and now have been found in South Sudan.","And there are - the ivory route is that these poachers come down and kill the animals for their ivory. It's taken then to Sudan, carved and sent to China.","Yeah. There's a city called Onderon(ph) - if I'm pronouncing it correctly - which has a traditional center of artisanal carving of ivory and export. So some elephant tusks do flow into Onderon and get shipped out from there to markets in the Middle East and China.","Yet, there are still large herds of elephants left in South Sudan. You saw one from an airplane."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Onderon is a city known for its ivory carving and exporting, which contributes to the illegal ivory trade.","questions":"How does Onderon contribute to the illegal ivory trade?","answer":"Carving"}
{"text":["The White House and the state of California are in the middle of a war over auto emissions. Now 17 automakers are calling for a truce. They want the two sides to reach a compromise on emission standards. The automakers' proposal offers a middle ground between existing Obama-era standards and the Trump administration's announced rollbacks of those standards. NPR's Camila Domonoske has been following this and is in the studio with us this morning. Thanks for coming in.","Yeah, happy to be here.","First, just describe the nature of this standoff. How did it come to be?","Right. So during the Obama administration, the White House set these ambitious targets for fuel economy, basically saying that year over year, cars on average should get more miles per gallon as a way to reduce the contribution to climate change. So these targets were set through 2025 with specific goals every year. The Trump administration wants to freeze those targets at 2020 levels. So basically, instead of getting more efficient over time, cars could stay about where they are now."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The White House and California are in a disagreement about auto emissions.","questions":"What is the subject of the disagreement between the White House and California?","answer":"emissions"}
{"text":["Yes.","Do you consider the experiment a success, and should it be replicated?","I do consider it a success because they did not get in trouble again. The essays that they wrote - at least the one that the defense attorney made available to us - the student wrote that he understood. So to me, it worked. And my hope, my dream, my goal would be that this is not an unusual disposition that causes people to write about it in the newspaper or for me to be interviewed. I would love for this to be a standard disposition all over the place.","Alex Rueda, the deputy commonwealth attorney for Virginia, thank you very much.","Oh, my pleasure."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The person did not get pleasure from it but is simply being polite.","questions":"What was the PersonA's true feeling about his pleasure in the experiment?","answer":"True"}
{"text":["Yeah. It actually shows how complex something that sounds simple would actually work. On its face, it sounds like something wonderful. A Chinese company is going to spend $500 million to revitalize this shuttered General Motors plant, bring back all these jobs that had left this community. But what ends up happening is there's a clash between work cultures. Chinese workers think the Americans are lazy and don't grasp the training fast enough. And the American workers feel they're not respected by the Chinese and that the Chinese don't have appropriate regard for environmental and safety regulations.","And so what ends up happening is a lot of the high-ranking Americans get dismissed and they're replaced by Chinese workers. And the company - the factory begins to operate much more like a Chinese plant. And these workers that had so much optimism suddenly find that they're in a job that's much different than they imagined. And we have a clip of one worker talking about that. Let's check it out.","UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #2: The conditions are not favorable - doing the same thing over and over again. And so it's - you think about whether you have the stamina and the will to do this type of job.","One thing that's really interesting about this movie is that former President Barack Obama and former first lady Michelle Obama have their name on this movie in a sense because it was produced by their production company Higher Ground. Do we know anything about how involved they were?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The phrase \"operate much more like a Chinese plant\" implies that the factory is operating with a different set of values and practices that are more aligned with Chinese work culture, rather than simply taking on physical characteristics of a Chinese factory.","questions":"What does the phrase \"operate\" imply?","answer":"Values"}
{"text":["All right.","You know, Cory Booker is the latest Democrat to get in, but most of the conversation this last week was about Howard Schultz, who calls himself a longtime Democrat - lifelong Democrat - but who is talking about running as an independent.","Try and avoid any latte jokes. He didn't exactly make a good first impression with a lot of people, did he?","It is no joke to a lot of Democrats. They're seeing a Schultz candidacy as a spoiler, a way to split the anti-Trump vote and re-elect Trump. And most of the positive commentary about Schultz's candidacy has been coming from the other side, including the president, who sent out a tweet questioning Schultz's smarts and saying he didn't have the guts. And it just might sound like the way to goad somebody to run, especially if someone really would like to see Schultz in the race.","Seemed clear this week more than ever that the directors of U. S.  intelligence agencies see the world differently than President Trump does, doesn't it?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : to see the world differently means to have a different opinion","questions":"What does turn 4 imply about the directors of U.S. intelligence agencies and President Trump?","answer":"Differently"}
{"text":["Of course, we should all remember and commemorate the Russian sacrifices during the Second World War and the fight against Nazis in Europe. On the other hand, we all strongly regret that Russia of today has violated not only international law, but also the security architecture we built after the end of the Cold War by attacking Ukraine. And that's the reason why Western leaders, obviously, have to send a very clear message to the Kremlin.","You're also the former prime minister of Denmark. Does Denmark feel threatened by Russian ambitions?","Well, recently the Russian ambassador to Denmark stated publicly that Danish military vessels might be targets of Russian nuclear weapons. It's incredible that an official representative of the Russian Federation can make such statements. I prefer not to take such statements seriously. But having seen the Russian behavior first in Georgia and now in Ukraine, unfortunately, we do have to take such statements from Russia seriously. So maybe we don't feel a direct or imminent threat, but, of course, we feel intimidated by such unacceptable statements from the Russian side.","And let me ask you as a diplomat to try and adopt the perspective of the people right across the way, too. NATO staged large-scale antisubmarine war games off the coast of Norway this past week. British forces are on exercises in Estonia. Does this make Russia feel encircled?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker perceives that the turn may have an underlying or implied meaning that could be interpreted in various ways depending on the listener's perspective and context, and while not everyone may agree, most people are likely to recognize some level of subtext or hidden message.","questions":"What is the PersonA's perception of the underlying meaning in turn 3?","answer":"subtext"}
{"text":["Was part of the problem that they knew it was Einstein's brain, and therefore they were predisposed to see things?","Exactly right, exactly right. It's rather like seeing faces or shapes in clouds. Those shapes really aren't in the clouds. They're in your mind.","Forgive me - what amounts to a philosophical question - why have we been fascinated by Einstein's brain matter over the years?","Well, I think it's kind of a cult of personality. He was obviously a very, very bright individual but one of the, kind of, myths of his intellect is that he was this great over-towering mathematician. In fact, he wasn't - amongst his colleagues in physics - a particularly good mathematician. And that's kind of overlooked in the kind of cult of personality about him.","Do we find it interesting - or maybe reassuring - to try and look for special clues in Einstein's brain because, I mean, if it can all be traced to the guy's brain, we can hardly be held responsible for being born with, you know, what amounts to inferior material?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : In (2), President Obama's commitment of money and military personnel is a literal statement, but it implies that he is taking action to help with the Ebola crisis.","questions":"What commitment did President Obama make in (2)?","answer":"Fascinated"}
{"text":["How has Koinadugu been able to avoid the infection for so long?","We took concrete measures, proactively, way back in May. The district decided to self-quarantine. There was control of movement - people coming into the district and people going out of the district. We also embark on major sensitization door to door. We involve community leaders, and we just involve the whole community to say this is a real. Ebola is real. Let us avoid Ebola.","Sierra Leone is a society with a lot of faith healers. What do they do that might help spread the disease?","The act of healing involves the use of the hands. They are not trained people. They don't have gloves. It's a lot of physical touching, and that is why we are saying the faith healing practice should be stopped for now because once the patient shows signs and symptoms of Ebola and they go to a faith healer, it's almost 100 percent that they will transmit it to the faith healer and eventually to the community."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's selection of a seemingly insignificant turn may be interpreted as an attempt to change the subject or redirect the conversation, potentially indicating discomfort or disinterest in the current topic.","questions":"How can the PersonA's turn in statement 3 be interpreted?","answer":"Redirect"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, I mean, as you said, Dorian was moving west across the Caribbean toward Puerto Rico. But as of this evening, Puerto Rico's main island has been spared a direct hit. The storm did pass over two small island municipalities off of Puerto Rico's eastern coast, Vieques and Culebra, and also caused widespread power outages in the U. S.  Virgin Islands. Just a little while ago, the National Weather Service lifted its hurricane and tropical storm warnings for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. But as you mentioned, forecasters now say that Dorian is heading toward Florida and could be a dangerous Category 3 hurricane affecting that state by this weekend.","We said that you're in Puerto Rico's capital, San Juan. Can you just give us an idea of how things are looking there?","It's cloudy, a little rainy but mostly calm at this point. The streets are empty because, you know, schools and government offices closed, and most businesses closed today too. Some of the only people out on the streets are security guards. The plan was to have schools and government offices closed through tomorrow, but the governor has now reversed that decision because things seem to have been - are calm now and there's no longer a big risk here in Puerto Rico.","OK. So it sounds like Puerto Rico might have avoided the worst with this storm. But, you know, there are still two months left in the Atlantic hurricane season. It's been almost two years since Hurricane Maria. How prepared is Puerto Rico to handle another big storm, should one come?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Reporter is asking about current situation in San Juan, not just asking for an idea.","questions":"What is the reporter specifically asking about in regards to the current situation in San Juan?","answer":"Current"}
{"text":["But Alaphilippe seems to be digging deeper every day. He's a former soldier. And he's extremely tough, really affable, straight-talking. The things he's done - they've set on fire the passions of the people, really. He's just sort of gone on a rampage - these break-for-the-border dashes for the finishing line. And he's succeeded three or four times, and everybody's talking about him.","And then there is another Frenchman who is one of the favorites to win the race. Tell us about him.","That's right - Thibaut Pinot, very different, a very emotional man. And he fell into a trap a few days ago and lost a bit of time. But he's still in with a very big shot. So he's vowed to fight back on Saturday and may well get back into a position. Thibaut Pinot is about 28, 29 years old. He hasn't raced here for a while. He'd been racing in Italy. He really is a very, very popular man. And if he does win the Tour de France, he will be the most popular man in France.","Now, as we've said, the race is just past its halfway point, and a Frenchman has not won the Tour de France in 34 years. So what's the attitude and sentiment like among people in these small French towns where the cyclists are whizzing past?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The people in France are actively watching the race and will be discussing the winner.","questions":"Which country?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["1-800-989-8255 is our number, talking with Annalee Newitz, author of \"Scatter, Adapt, and Remember: How Humans Will Survive a Mass Extinction. \"Of course you could have a sudden mass extinction like that asteroid that hit us, you know, and wiped out all that life, or something slower that could take a lot longer time to develop. Are there two different strategies for that, surviving that?","Actually, the idea that there is such a thing as a rapid mass extinction is kind of a misnomer. We have - we've all heard about, you know, the dramatic end that the dinosaurs met when an asteroid crashed into the planet. And also now it turns out that there were mega-volcanoes going off at the same time in India. So there was this kind of horrible one-two punch with volcanoes and. . .","The perfect extinction.","Yeah, great Michael Bay movie material, if he were ever to actually make a film that was scientifically accurate."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : No one nis literally expecting this scenario to be in a Michael Bay movie. The implication is that it involves a huge, damaging scenario that sounds unrealistic.","questions":"How would you describe the scenario that is being referred to as \"great Michael Bay movie material\" in the dialogue?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["Well, that's the thing. Three areas we've looked at - covering about 55 square miles of the jungle - target one, target two and target three. And the first one was target one, and we found these all these archeological features. They covered hundreds of acres, maybe even thousands of acres, and this is gigantic. And then they moved on to target two, and they marked that, and then they moved on to target three. And target three showed even more striking features.","And we've - an archaeologist has been looking at them and a guy named Chris Fisher, who is an archaeologist at the Colorado State University, who's an expert on LIDAR, and he tells us that there is a city in T3 that is comparable in area to the city of Copan. It's absolutely enormous. The track is two square - five square kilometers.","And if these valleys are so remote, how did these civilizations develop in this unforgiving area?","Well, that's the thing. We're only now starting to realize that this so-called virgin or impenetrable jungle in prehistoric times was anything but. It was very heavily settled. There were many thousands of people living in these areas, and it wasn't virgin jungle. It was more like a tended garden. They cleared huge areas for farming. They terraced. They built irrigation canals. They built roads. They built enormous pyramids and structures."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There is a city in T3 that is enormous and comparable in area to the city of Copan.","questions":"How big is the city in T3 compared to the city of Copan?","answer":"Enormous"}
{"text":["And then there's the hurricane season that starts in the Atlantic tomorrow.","Yeah. And of course, hurricanes are changing as the Earth warms. This is sort of the classic, archetypal climate-affected weather system. They're getting larger and wetter. They're dropping more rain. Think Hurricane Harvey in Texas in 2017. Think Hurricane Florence in the Carolinas last year. This year, the Weather Service predicts a normal year. I'm putting that in scare quotes. That means two to four major hurricanes. But it only takes one of those hitting the U. S.  to do a lot of damage, so it all adds up to just an enormous amount of flood danger for a lot of Americans.","That's NPR science reporter Rebecca Hersher. Becky, thank you.","Thanks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Hurricanes are becoming more dangerous due to climate change.","questions":"What is the focus of the Weather Service's prediction for this year's hurricane season?","answer":"climate"}
{"text":["And what's interesting, I think, is Macron seemed unwilling to walk on eggshells for the American president. And by springing this Iranian visit, he seemed to make it clear that he's not going to shape the summit to avoid triggering someone like Trump. Of course, we have one more day left tomorrow, and we'll see how it goes.","And is there someone with whom the president seemed to get along well?","Yeah, there was - Boris Johnson. Of course, he's the U. K.  prime minister, and they've met on a number of occasions. They have a very natural rapport, and they're big sort of oversized personalities. As you said, they're on the same side with Brexit. And another thing I would say is that Johnson sort of feels that he needs to be cozy with Trump because he's leaving the EU, and he's desperate for a trade deal with the U. S. So it seems like Trump does have a buddy at this summit but still seems a bit distant from the other leaders of the major economies.","That is NPR's Frank Langfitt reporting from the G-7 summit in France."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Macron was not afraid to offend Trump by not shaping the summit to his liking.","questions":"Which leader did Trump seem distant from at the G-7 summit?","answer":"Macron"}
{"text":["Yeah. And the Curia is the administrative. . .","The Curia is basically the civil servants, the bureaucrats. Although, this weekend we do see that he has replaced Cardinal Muller, who was the prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.","Can you tell us what that is for people who may not know?","The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith deals with discipline within the church and doctrinal matters. But it also handles all cases of abuse and the disciplining of perpetrators of abuse, et cetera. So they are very much involved in actual cases of abuse that are brought to the church."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"But it also handles all cases of abuse and the disciplining of perpetrators of abuse, et cetera.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith deals with cases of abuse and disciplining of perpetrators of abuse. However, the actual meaning is that the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith deals with cases of sexual abuse within the Catholic Church, which is a highly sensitive and controversial topic.","questions":"How does the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith handle cases of abuse?","answer":"Cases"}
{"text":["President Donald Trump had his long-awaited face-to-face with Russian President Vladimir Putin at last week's G-20 summit. Just how the issue of Russian meddling in the November election was addressed is subject to interpretation. And in this country, Congress comes back from recess with health care legislation still looming. So much politics to talk about, so little time - so let's turn to NPR's national political correspondent Mara Liasson. Good morning, Mara.","Good morning, A.","All right. So before we get to Putin-Trump, let's look at the G-20 meeting and what all the countries got out of it.","Well, the big theme of this meeting was how isolated and separate the United States is from the rest of the G-20, the rest of the big economies. It's like there's a G-19, and then there's the U. S. , particularly on climate, trade and immigration. The biggest difference at this meeting was climate. The other 19 leaders agreed that continuing to enact the Paris Agreement on climate change was important. They called the agreement irreversible. Of course, Donald Trump has pulled the U. S.  out of that agreement. So the Europeans and others are going to move forward without the U. S."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : All right. So before we get to Putin-Trump, let's look at the G-20 meeting and what all the countries got out of it.\" - This implies that the discussion will cover the outcomes and benefits that each country obtained from the G-20 meeting, rather than simply stating that they will discuss the meeting.","questions":"Which meeting will the discussion cover the outcomes and benefits of?","answer":"G-20"}
{"text":["There is a level of acceptance for some. So one young woman I met joined the all-women's force after being brutalized by her husband, who was part of ISIS. On the other hand, the women who were foreigners and even the real hardcore last holdouts in the fight against ISIS who are in this town of Baghuz, which had basically an apocalyptic end. They ran out of food. They ran out of water.","And what you see now from the women who were part of that is that all of the crimes of ISIS - you know, enslaving girls, raping women, beheading people on the streets, the hangings - that was not enough really to make them lose confidence in the head of ISIS. But the fact that children whose families belong to ISIS starved to death while leaders had food, that is what's making people very disappointed, very disillusioned, especially the women I've talked to.","Are there people who still support the caliphate despite all that they went through?","Absolutely there are. And in fact, one woman from Egypt I met has four daughters. She was talking about how all they want is to go home, to go back to Egypt, to go back to the parks, to go see relatives. And she said to me, you know, I don't believe in Baghdadi. But I still believe in the caliphate."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Some women joined the force due to domestic violence","questions":"Which group did the young woman join after being brutalized by her husband?","answer":"Force"}
{"text":["Did we, maybe without noting it, pass a corner this week in which the Russia investigation - Mueller, Michael Cohen, all of that - has gone from examining if there was obstruction of justice to actual collusion with Russia by the Trump campaign?","That's why the Michael Cohen revelation this week seems to be so important. We've been talking about this for the better part of two years now. We've always been kind of dubious about whether or not there was an actual provable case of collusion, as opposed to obstruction. An active cooperation with the Russian interference would seem to be the collusion everyone's looking for. A lot of journalists and Democrats have thought it more likely that we would simply get an obstruction case, which might be easier to prove. But in the news of this week, we see a wider possibility.","NPR's Ron Elving, thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The recent revelation about Michael Cohen seems to indicate that there was actual collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia.","questions":"How does the Michael Cohen revelation relate to the possibility of collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia? (Answer: Collusion)","answer":"Collusion"}
{"text":["I started the business as a hobby. I needed a break from the logical legal work that I was doing every day, and I decided as a creative outlet I'd like to start making spa products as a gift. I contacted a store in Canada, and they sent me some raw ingredients, taught me how to mix some things. I took them in to work, and people really liked them.","People often think of, say, Carol's Daughter, you know, and the spa-product industry being a woman's thing. But I also remember going down to cover Hurricane Katrina and there was a doctor, Dr.  Friedman, who - he and his sons would make soaps and things like that. What spoke to you about this business?Why did you want to do it?","I was looking for a sense of wellness, and I've always tried to take good care of myself. So, one of the things I would do is, I work very hard, but I also take good care of myself in a healthy way. So, one of the ways I do that is by going to spas. I've always been a fan of the product, and I was a great consumer of the product. So, in building my business, I knew exactly what I expected, as a high-end consumer, of the market.","Some people say, OK, spa items, beauty items, those are all things that people will cut in tough times. What have you seen in terms of the past year or so of your business?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker's experience as a consumer helped in building their business.","questions":"Which aspect of the PersonA's personal life influenced their business decisions?","answer":"Consumer"}
{"text":["Donald Trump came to the mics and said, you know, he thought it was great that they were taking their country back again, obviously echoing his own campaign slogan of make America great again and saying that it might just be good for the Brits to have their currency dropped to a 30-year low in its value because it will make their products cheaper and will bring more tourists into the country. And then he talked a little bit about how some. . .","To his golf course, I believe he specifically said.","Some of those tourists might want to play golf in Scotland. And he happened to be talking about his own golf course there in Scotland and spoke about the virtues of that attraction.","The U. S.  Supreme Court, of course, had a decision this week which blocked the Obama administration's plans for immigration programs. Does that decision, and for that matter, do the results in the United Kingdom suggest something about the potency of immigration as a political issue?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : as it is the only turn with an implied meaning different from its literal meaning.","questions":"How did Donald Trump's comment relate to his campaign slogan?","answer":"Great"}
{"text":["Well, what would that serious diplomacy look like?I mean, I - the United States would have to - what?- accept a. . .","It's a fair question, you know, why diplomacy would work now when it's failed in the past. I think that the breakout is a game-changer for the United States because we're directly - become directly vulnerable to North Korea. But it's also a game-changer for China because they'll either - they'll have to live with the strategic consequences of a breakout, which could - are unknown. South Korea could reassess its non-nuclear status.","So I think the conjunction of factors that we can bring China into play would have the goal of obtaining a nuclear - a freeze to lock in North Korea at its current level of capabilities. And for China - I think the conjunction of factors is that for China, they would retain their buffer in North Korea. And they would prevent these adverse strategic consequences. North Korea would maintain its minimum deterrent, and the regime would remain in power. For the United States, it would prevent this breakout, and it would offer us a not-great narrative. But we would say that this is an interim agreement toward the long-term goal of denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula.","Well Mr.  Litwak, in the minute we have left, can you really trust any - the process of reaching or signing any agreement with a regime like North Korea's?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Well Mr. Litwak, in the minute we have left, can you really trust any - the process of reaching or signing any agreement with a regime like North Korea's?\" - The implied meaning is that the person is questioning the reliability and trustworthiness of engaging in the process of negotiating or signing an agreement with North Korea, considering the nature of its regime.","questions":"Which regime's trustworthiness is being questioned in turn 3?","answer":"North"}
{"text":["A woman named Rabbit is a kind of miracle. She was pulled out of the grave of her dead mother along the Ma River in Vietnam on the night of a full moon, when folklore says that a rabbit walks the moon. It was troops who'd begun to pull out, but Rabbit grows up in the landscape of leveled homes and shattered lives and barren poison fields in which her own life slips between present tense and parable. Quan Barry now reads from her new novel, \"She Weeps Each Time You're Born. \"","(Reading) On this we do not agree. Some of us say she was made manifest in a muddy ditch on the way to the pineapple plantation. Others say it happened hunkered down in a piggery, the little ones with their wet snouts full of wonder at the strange, bristleous being wriggling among them for milk. Either way, we bow to you. Believe us when we say life is a wheel. There was no beginning; there is no end. But we will tell you the story as she believes it occurred - under the full rabbit moon, 6-feet below ground in a wooden box. Her mother's hands cold as ice. Overhead, the bats of good fortune flitting through the dark.","\"She Weeps Time You're Born\" is one of Library Journal's six essential debuts of 2015. And Quan Barry, who is a prize-winning poet and a professor of English at the University of Wisconsin, joins us from the studios of Wisconsin Public Radio. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Quan Barry is expressing her gratitude for being invited to the show, even though this is not explicitly stated in the turn.","questions":"What is Quan Barry's profession?","answer":"Professor"}
{"text":["Hi, how are you?","I'm fine, and we're very glad to have you. Let me ask you about South Carolina's primary, the first in the South. This is supposed to clear out some of the underbrush and let us see which candidates are survivors, also to show us something about this region. Could you give us a thumbnail sketch of why South Carolina matters?","South Carolina, because it's the first in the South, is the first test candidates face as whether or not they will have Southern appeal. And that's a big deal because the entire 11-state South makes up 59 percent of all the Electoral College votes you need to win the presidency in the general election. So if a Republican candidate in the modern era can sweep the South, they become president. But if a Democratic candidate can crack the South with two states, they become president. And South Carolina is the first test of support in this region.","Up to this point now, we've been watching Republican voters react to Donald Trump and Republican candidates try to overtake him. Is South Carolina in 2016 in some kind of position to clarify that?Should we look for anybody to break out maybe in the GOP debate tonight, or is Trump just going to sail through South Carolina and presumably the South?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Turn (3) contains idiomatic expressions with non-literal meanings:  \"Southern appeal\" refers to the ability of a political candidate to win support in the South, rather than a literal physical attraction to the region. \"Crack the South\" means to win electoral votes in Southern states, rather than physically breaking the region.","questions":"What does the term \"Southern appeal\" refer to?","answer":"Candidate's"}
{"text":["Two gunmen were killed by security forces in the attack. What do we know about them?","Not much; details are still emerging. They both seem to be from the provinces in Tunisia, possibly near the Algerian border. They seem to have had some sort of involvement with terrorist organizations prior to the attack. There are reports out that at least one of the gunmen traveled to Libya in order to get training either with the so-called Islamic State, or ISIS, or possibly an al-Qaida-linked group.","By some accounts, about 3,000 people - Tunisians - have left for the conflicts in Iraq, Syria and Libya. Why so many?","Well, there's a variety of factors that are driving people to go. One is that Tunisia has been a success story in the transition towards democracy. But with that came political liberalization that society wasn't quite prepared for. All of a sudden a lot of radical preachers, who had been kept under wraps by an authoritarian government, were allowed to preach their messages on the streets and in mosques. And that inspired a number of young men to go abroad and to fight. And then finally it's just because there's a lot of opportunities to fight. I mean, Tunisia is a relatively stable country despite the attacks, but it's surrounded by unstable countries, particularly Libya. And Syria is just a plane ride or two away, so it's attractive for a number of young men to go fight abroad. Their motives are various, but there's a lot of opportunities for them to go, so they're taking them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker is not just talking about the literal number of opportunities to fight abroad, but rather the underlying reasons why young Tunisian men are motivated to go and fight abroad. The speaker points out that political liberalization in Tunisia allowed radical preachers to spread their messages, which inspired some young men to go abroad and fight.","questions":"Which factor inspired some young Tunisian men to go abroad and fight according to the speaker in turn 3?","answer":"Radical"}
{"text":["Well, their explanation was largely that this is mostly normal. There were several years where they sort of deprioritized taking people out of this program and allowed families that they say were no longer eligible to stay in. And now they have restarted disenrolling people and expected a significant number of children to be cut from enrollment. I think there are still very large questions about how many of those families were removed because they are no longer eligible and how many were removed because they did not properly do paperwork.","What's your response to people who say, look, this is the responsibility of the parents - what's so difficult about filling out some forms?","Well, I have seen the packet, for one, and it's not easy. And two, even if tens of thousands of parents drop the ball, it's not the kids' fault. Is that really what we want, is a state where lots and lots of kids don't get health insurance, to which they are legally entitled, because their family didn't fill out paperwork or the state sent that paperwork to the wrong address or it got lost in the mail or any of many possible procedural errors that could have happened somewhere in this paperwork?","Your story came out earlier this week, and the governor has since acknowledged this reporting. What's been the fallout so far?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) - Well, I have seen the packet, for one, and it's not easy.And two, even if tens of thousands of parents drop the ball, it's not the kids' fault.Is that really what we want, is a state where lots and lots of kids don't get health insurance, to which they are legally entitled, because their family didn't fill out paperwork or the state sent that paperwork to the wrong address or it got lost in the mail or any of many possible procedural errors that could have happened somewhere in this paperwork? - Implied meaning: Is it fair to punish children for adults' mistakes and errors in paperwork?","questions":"Which state benefit is mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Health-insurance"}
{"text":["It depends on who you ask. For the South Koreans who have been really eager to have a successful Olympics and for the president, Moon Jae-in's administration, who has really pushed for better ties to North Korea, this will be a big success for them in terms of getting the North Koreans to participate, to march under the joint flag and to mitigate any potential North Korean provocations that could have happened during the Olympics and ruin the whole atmosphere. But in terms of applying maximum pressure on North Korea and getting them to denuclearize, this is just a minor blip on the radar.","And what do we make of the military parade in North Korea just before?Is that a way of saying we don't mean it, or what?","Absolutely. I think - you know, I've been likening the North Korean participation in the Olympics as kind of like \"The Wedding Crashers,\" where they just storm in, guzzle everybody's champagne, other people's food and then they're going to leave a mess behind. And nothing they've said since Kim Jong Un's New Year's address has suggested that they're going to be talking about their nuclear weapons program at all. In fact, they've not had any pressure from South Korea or anybody in terms of talking about nuclear weapons.","Well - and that brings up a question. And I feel the need to ask it every now and then - why does North Korea want nuclear weapons?What's their overall strategic goal?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of (2) is asking for an opinion about the military parade. The implicated meaning is whether the North Korean participation in the Olympics was genuine or not.","questions":"Which meaning of North Korean participation in the Olympics is implied in the dialogue?","answer":"Implicated"}
{"text":["From NPR News, this is News & Notes. I'm Tony Cox. FEMA wants immunity from Class Action lawsuits for its formaldehyde-ridden trailers given to Hurricane Katrina victims. And President Bush is expected to sign a housing bill that once it clears the Senate, will help homeowners in trouble with their mortgages. That and more on today's Reporter's Roundtable. But first, we check in with our very own Farai Chideya coming live from the journalists of color UNITY convention in Chicago. Hey, Farai.","Hey, Tony.","So listen, for those not in the journalism world, what is Unity?","Unity is a once-every-four-year gathering of the Ethnic Journalism Associations. So the NABJ, the National Association of Black journalist, the Hispanic Journalist, Asian-American Journalists, Native-American Journalists. It's really this kind of diversity fest for journalism."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Unity is a gathering of diverse ethnic journalists.","questions":"What is the purpose of Unity?","answer":"gathering"}
{"text":["What were some of the challenging parts of school?What did you find the hardest?","Reading, studying my lessons. You know, because I had to read more, you know, and because, you know, as you get older, your short-term memory sort of fails you once in a while. So to make sure that you got the material where you could reproduce it, you had to study a little harder and do a little more research.","So tell me what graduation day was like?","Oh, the best day of my life, I guess. Life doesn't get any better. Life doesn't get any better. With my family there, all my friends cheering me on, I felt like I was 16 years old. What a day. What a day. I was happy. Everybody was pleased. They gave me a good ovation. I really enjoyed it. I really did. I cannot explain to you in words my feelings."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : None of the turns in this conversation have implied meanings different from their literal meanings.","questions":"Which turn in the conversation explicitly mentions an implied meaning?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And again, with this fresh production, I think - it's like that Emily Dickinson quote: Tell the truth, but tell it slant. \"I think that is originally what Tennessee Williams was getting at with the idea of plastic theater; that it does not have to be a literal expression of the truth. You can come at it from an angle. And what's beautiful here is that John Tiffany, I think, takes that literally and created this abstract set with Bob Crowley. And what's also interesting to me, Scott, is that John is English, and Bob Crowley, the set designer, is Irish. And John said to me, you know, doing Tennessee Williams in America is like an American stage director doing Shakespeare in the UK. And this season there we have Pinter, we have Beckett, there are revivals of Shakespeare - but Tennessee Williams is the only American playwright being revived on Broadway in the fall.","With all due regard to Beckett and Shakespeare and the other fine playwrights you mentioned, I'd put Tennessee Williams up against all seven or eight of them.","I would too. I would too.","Barbara Chai of the Wall Street Journal. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2).  When B says \"With all due regard to Beckett and Shakespeare and the other fine playwrights you mentioned, I'd put Tennessee Williams up against all seven or eight of them,\" they are not actually suggesting that they would pit Tennessee Williams in a physical or competitive sense against other playwrights. Rather, they are expressing their high regard for Tennessee Williams as a playwright and suggesting that they consider him to be on par with, or even superior to, other great playwrights like Beckett and Shakespeare. This is a common expression used to convey a high level of respect or admiration for someone or something, without actually implying a literal competition.","questions":"Which playwright is PersonB comparing Tennessee Williams to?","answer":"Other"}
{"text":["Because unlike candidates, which have to disclose their fundraising and spendings to the Federal Elections Commission, outside groups - a lot of them are basically incorporated nonprofits, they're businesses. And they don't really have a legal mandate to disclose. They're simply communicating a message. So what these Federal Communication Commission filings do is give us a sense of what they're spending on the biggest ticket item in politics right now, which is television advertising.","So how do these new rules make what you do easier?","Back in sort of the bad old days, the pre-2012 days, you would actually hop in your car, and if you had five or six television stations in your market, you would go to to five or six television stations and root through physical files to find out what groups were behind these ads. And the things in those files were valuable, not only because they sort of told you the volume of advertising in dollar terms and how many spots they were running, but also sometimes they were the only hints of who was actually behind an ad, you know. A lot of these groups have names like Mom For Apple Pie. Well, who is was Mom For Apple Pie?Sometimes the FCC files were your only hope to kind of figure out - oh, this is actually attached to this Republican or this Democratic organization.","And in your state this year, there has been a time of spending already. On the Republican side, there are a couple of big names that of been doing this - Americans For Prosperity and Crossroads GPS. And I think we have an ad for Americans For Prosperity."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the literal meaning is that outside groups are only communicating a message and do not have a legal mandate to disclose their fundraising and spendings. The actual meaning is that despite not being required to disclose their activities, outside groups are still significant spenders on television advertising in politics.","questions":"What is the biggest ticket item in politics right now?","answer":"Television"}
{"text":["Well, it's tough, because right now, you want to go get out there and let people see that you have the fire and the bell, you really want this thing. But on the other hand, it's his grandmother, Alex, and his grandmother appears to be in pretty bad shape, near death. So, the notion that he is a compassionate, so I suppose that would play well, but people do want to see him. He's got to be on the media mix, so I guess he's going to have surrogates out there. Nonetheless, here's an opportunity again for John McCain to dominate the news.","I wonder if Senator McCain at this point could maybe pick up some attention by saying here's my team, here's the people I would put in the cabinet. Who's on his team?","Well, you know, it's pretty obvious, if you start right at the top, the people that have surrounded him now for some time. Here we're talking about people like Senator Joe Lieberman of Connecticut. You can imagine Lieberman over at the State Department. You can imagine Lindsey Graham, the senator from South Carolina, over at the Pentagon as secretary of defense. In that way, what you see is that Senator McCain has a number of people that you could immediately point to and say that would be his team if he were to be elected.","And how about Senator Obama in that regard?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : McCain already has a team of potential cabinet members lined up.","questions":"How does McCain differ from Obama in terms of potential cabinet members?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Well, it's a wide hurricane. So we expect impacts on both the east coast and the west coast. But the major impacts are going to be in the Florida Keys, particularly the lower Keys - then into the Naples area and then up the coast more into the Fort Myers area and into - early in next week into the Tampa area.","What do you see over the next 24 hours?","We see that it'll make this final turn. And we'll really be able to zero in on where that core is going to go. There's still a little bit of uncertainty, but we're looking most likely that the biggest impact's along southwest Florida.","What are your biggest concerns?Mr.  DeMaria. We have, of course, this whole constellation of effects between the winds and the storm surge and the flooding."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - This is asking for a prediction for the events that will occur in the next 24 hours. ","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue mentions uncertainty?","answer":"Turn"}
{"text":["Now, have you been able to get through to your teams in the Bahamas?What are you hearing?","We have sporadic communications, but we did pre-deploy teams into the affected areas.","And what are you hearing?","What we're hearing is that it's a very difficult situation. There is extensive damage and extensive flooding, especially in - most of the areas close to the coast have been almost completely underwater, and many of the shelters that we have been working in and preparing - they have also started to be underwater and be flooded. So people are moving out of some of the temporary shelters, which we had in schools and churches, and are moving into some of the biggest or tallest and strongest buildings on the island. Especially in Marsh Harbor, we have reports of people moving into the government buildings because the flood waters are so high."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : What messages are you receiving from them (not what are you literally hearing)","questions":"How are the messages from the teams in the Bahamas being conveyed to you?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["\"VIC\" (Member, Overeaters Anonymous): Hi.","Vic, I want to start with you, and I want to be very specific. Give me an example of a day when you completely lost control over your eating.","\"VIC\": It wasn't a day. It was the day before (Laughing) and that day and the next day. But anyway - OK, so I wake up in the morning, totally hung over. Dr.  Lerner - Marty - described very well, you know, having lost control. So, I wake up, I feel terrible, and the last thing I want to do, I think in my rational brain, is eat because I feel so bad. And yet, I know that if I take one bite of anything, I'll be off and running. And I'm scared. I'm really scared.","Let me just ask one thing. When you say hung over, do you mean hung over from overeating or hung\u2026"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Vic has lost control over eating in the past.","questions":"How did Vic feel when he woke up in the morning?","answer":"Scared"}
{"text":["Yeah. And that took a lot out of my legs. I was pretty fatigued by the end of the game, and I'm feeling it today.","And do - I bet you are a little tired.","But at - towards the end of the game, where you aware of the record?And where you aware you'd broken it?","I wasn't aware, actually. I think I was just so tired and so focused on scoring the basketball. There's a stretch late in the second half where I think I hit seven or eight consecutive threes, and I knew something special was going on after that."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"took a lot out of my legs\" - This expression is an idiom used to describe feeling physically exhausted or drained after an activity. It does not literally mean that something was taken out of the speaker's legs.","questions":"How was PersonA feeling at the end of the game?","answer":"Fatigued"}
{"text":["Well, we're interested in understanding, one, what are all the metabolites or small molecules that are under the control of the circadian clock in these post-harvest vegetables and fruits?So in things like zucchini and carrots and sweet potato, we would expect a different sweet of metabolites to be regulated by the clock. So we'd like to know what those are. And then we'd like to know what kind of conditions could be used to make this a practical - if it turns out that we can really make a difference in nutritional quality then. . .","Right.",". . . we would want to design a simply way to keep the clock running. And we know that plants can respond to just pulses of light in ways that can control or set their clock. And so we'd like to investigate what are the simplest ways that we can use to make this practical.","Well, we wish you good luck, Dr.  Braam."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are under control of the plant's internal system that is regulated by light and seasons.","questions":"Which system is regulated by light and seasons?","answer":"Internal"}
{"text":["One person called them old guard reactionaries who are grabbling for crumbs from the table. Another called them seat warmer saying they have nothing new to offer. And that led to a larger conversation about Obama's support among blacks where black folks stand on the Democratic Party.","And we are in good old Black History Month now. Of course, we are black 365 days a year.","That's right.","But from what I've read on our blog, not everybody thinks the black history month is a good idea."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : And we are in good old Black History Month now. Of course, we are black 365 days a year. (The literal meaning of this statement is that February is designated as Black History Month. The actual meaning is that black history should be celebrated and acknowledged every day, not just during the month of February.)","questions":"What is the actual meaning of the statement made by person PersonB about Black History Month?","answer":"Everyday"}
{"text":["This story starts in 2005. That October, 21-year-old Army Sgt. Erik Schei was shot in the head during his second tour in Iraq. The bullet shattered the top half of his skull; and his parents, Christine and Gordon, have been his primary caregivers for the past eight years. At StoryCorps, they remembered finding out about their son's injury.","I remember hearing the phone ring really, really early in the morning. It must have been 4, 4:30. And I saw you white as a sheet, shaking - all over your body - and I just said, is it about Erik?And you said, yes. And I said, is he dead?And you said, no. And I said, is he OK?And you shook your head.","It was a sniper that hit him. And it entered above his right ear and exited above his left.","Do you remember seeing him for the first time in the hospital?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3): \"It was a sniper that hit him. And it entered above his right ear and exited above his left.\" The literal meaning of this turn is that Sgt. Erik Schei was shot by a sniper, and the bullet entered and exited his head from above his right ear and left side of his head, respectively. However, the implied meaning is that the injury sustained by Sgt. Erik Schei was severe, life-threatening, and life-altering for him and his family.","questions":"Which part of Sgt. Erik Schei's head was hit by the bullet?","answer":"Skull"}
{"text":["If we can't see the stuff, how can we prove it?How close are we to discovering the hidden these dimensions, if they exist at all?These are the sort of things my next guest ponders at his day job, and he's here to tell us a bit about the dark side of the universe. Michael Turner is a cosmologist and professor of astrophysics at the University of Chicago in Illinois. Welcome back to SCIENCE FRIDAY, Michael.","Great to be here, Ira.","Always good to talk to you. What do you make of the idea that a particle could turn into an invisible twin of itself in a parallel world?","Well, as we often say in cosmology or theoretical physics, that idea might be crazy enough to be true."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Well, as we often say in cosmology or theoretical physics, that idea might be crazy enough to be true.\"  The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. It implies that sometimes ideas that seem crazy or impossible might turn out to be true in the field of cosmology or theoretical physics.","questions":"Which field of study might sometimes find ideas that seem impossible to be true?","answer":"Cosmology"}
{"text":["Part of the problem is that you obviously need to deal with the security issues. But at the same time, that doesn't mean you put the human rights issues into the background. You can also raise human rights issues as you raise these security issues. You have to be able to walk and chew gum if you're going to practice international relations.","Yeah. You met North Korea's top nuclear negotiator in 2011. How did that go?I mean, how did you balance those concerns?","Well, the primary person I was - the reason that I was in North Korea at the time was to talk about the possibility of United States humanitarian assistance. North Koreans made a request. We were looking at the possibility of doing that. And our negotiations focused on that. On the other hand, there were meetings that we had and also time that we had after meetings or in connection with dinners and that kind of thing to raise human rights questions. You know, you don't start out by blasting them with the worst thing you can find. But there are ways that you can press them and push them and encourage them to accept the idea that human rights actually improves the standing of the regime if people like the government.","This administration eliminated the job you held. Do you think that matters?I mean, do you think this administration will even broach the issue of human rights?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is suggesting that it is possible to address both security concerns and human rights issues simultaneously, rather than prioritizing one over the other.","questions":"What was the primary focus of negotiations during the PersonA's trip to North Korea?","answer":"Humanitarian"}
{"text":["It was absolute - you're absolutely correct. Our time is out, but I'm going to ask you about this before I let you go. Talking about perfect performances, two people strolled in to New York's Madison Square Garden and lit up the Knicks back to back, Kobe Bryant 61 on one night and LeBron James, I think, it was 52 the next night and a triple double.","All I can say is thank god for the Knicks.","And, you know what?And the Knicks are even actually better than they were before and then they still let people come in there and just spank them like crazy.","That's what we do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : That's what we do implying they're proud members of Knicks","questions":"Which team are they proud members of?","answer":"Knicks"}
{"text":["It will be - the repercussions will, you know, be far and wide. As I said, the law has more than a thousand pages. It touches every part of the health care system. So it's not just these marketplaces that we talk about most of the time.","The most immediate impact is Medicaid expansion. More than 10 million people have gotten health care because states have expanded Medicaid to a larger population. The law guarantees that people up to age 26 can get insurance through their parents. That's popular - that would go away. Again, the pre-existing condition protections - insurance companies have to give people coverage for their existing health problems.","But then, it also controls what Medicare pays doctors. It authorizes the Indian Health Service. It determines whether companies have to make accommodations for breastfeeding mothers. It makes chain restaurants put calorie counts on their menus. I mean, it's everywhere.","Yeah. Well, I mean, a lot of things have changed in American life."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : touches every part of the health care system implies relates and concerns the health care system ","questions":"Which system does turn 0 concern?","answer":"Health-care"}
{"text":["I'm Tony Cox, and this is News & Notes. Ending a relationship is never easy. The person breaking up often tries to use words to soften the blow. I'm not ready to be in a committed relationship or it's not you, it's me. And the person being dumped is left trying to figure out just where things went wrong. A year ago, author Rachel Skerritt decided that she wanted to get to the bottom of all of her ex-boyfriends' vague explanations for ending their relationships. So, she called the men in her past and asked them to tell her exactly why they stopped wanting to be with her. Rachel joins me now. Welcome to News & Notes, Rachel.","Thanks, Tony.","Rachel, why in the world would you want to know this?","Well, I'm a tough cookie. I should say that first off, but I'm also a writer and the idea came to me after that whole \"He's Just Not That Into You\" phenomenon, the book not the movie. And a lot of my friends were reading it as if they had found, you know, the answers to everything. Oh, he's just not that into me, that explains it. But there was this whole missing why piece, why not. And as you said, guys seem trained to give these stock answers so as not to hurt feelings, but I really wanted the real deal. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Responding to say that A is a tough cookie is implying that she is strong enough to handle the truth of why B or past boyfriends were not that into her.","questions":"What is the implied reason for PersonB calling PersonA a \"tough cookie\"?","answer":"strong"}
{"text":["Oh yes.","I just wonder if you have any thoughts about that, seeing the kind of presence of film versus what digital does nowadays.","We were shooting slides, chromes. So, it's easier to do these things, but you still need the eye, you need the reflexes, you really have to have a compositional sense. So, the expression is everyone is a photographer. Well, it does take a professional. I have to admit.","Michael Philip Manheim, the photographer, joining us from member station WBUR in Boston. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Well, it does take a professional\" - the actual meaning here is that not everyone can be a good photographer, even with the advancements in technology. The speaker is contradicting the expression \"everyone is a photographer\" and emphasizing the importance of having a professional eye and compositional sense.","questions":"How does the speaker view the expression \"everyone is a photographer\"?","answer":"Contradictory"}
{"text":["You actually provided some recommendations. Give me an example of one or two of them.","Well, one of the important things is that the stops go well. That the police are professional, that they're there and it's clear that they are trying to serve the public. Mistakes will happen, they'll pick the wrong person up, someone will happen to fit a crime suspect description, but the way the police conduct themselves needs to be extremely professional. Very polite. And one of the recommendations I made was that they hand the person a receipt when they make a mistake that says I've made a mistake, here's my name, here's the name of my supervisor, here's his phone number, give him a call. Here's how you file a complaint, this is why I stopped you. You're wearing a white T-shirt, black jeans, that's the same description that I just received over the radio. And that can go a long way to improving things.","Give me one more.","Well, the other thing was that they need to find out who these 15 officers are and take some action to resolve those issues."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Police should conduct themselves in a professional and polite manner to improve public perception and relations","questions":"What is one of the important things that the police should do to improve public perception and relations?","answer":"Polite"}
{"text":["What Bonnie Raitt song, may I ask?","O'NEILL: \"I Can't Make You Love Me. \"","(Singing) Here in the dark, in these final hours, I will lay down my heart and I'll feel the power. . .","Kate O'Neill, who wrote about her sister, Maddie Linsenmeir in the Vermont Weekly Seven Days, thank you so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The song title is \"I Can't Make You Love Me\"","questions":"Which Bonnie Raitt song was mentioned by O'NEILL?","answer":"Love"}
{"text":["They were part of the crew of the USS Monitor, a celebrated Civil War ship that helped open a new era in naval warfare. The ship was ironclad, powered by steam instead of sails, and supported a rotating gun turret. The Monitor sank in a storm in 1862. Sixteen of 62 men on board went down with their ship. They were thought to be lost forever until 2002. The Monitor was being restored and the remains of two of the sailors were discovered in the turret. We're joined now by historian Anna Holloway. She's curator of the USS Monitor Center in Newport, Virginia. Thank very much for being with us.","Well, thank you so much for having me.","What do we know about these two sailors who have finally been buried?","Well, we still don't know their names, and that is one of the ongoing mysteries about these two heroes of the USS Monitor. However, as you mention, 16 men went down with the vessel, so there are 16 possibilities. Now, forensics tells us a little bit about them - their relative heights, their ages and their race - so that does narrow it down a bit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"Which ship is Anna Holloway curator of in Newport, Virginia?","answer":"Monitor"}
{"text":["So there were a couple of feuds on the blog this week. Break them down for us.","Well, I'll start with the more-amusing one: Aretha Franklin versus Beyonce and Beyonce's dad. So flash back to last week's Grammys. Beyonce introduced her duet partner, Tina Turner, as the queen. Aretha Franklin, the reigning Queen of Soul, was none too pleased and released a statement saying it was a cheap shot for controversy. Beyonce's dad\/manager responded, saying Franklin's statement was ridiculous.","Now, most people on our blog seem to agree. C.  Cody(ph) wrote: Re-re(ph) should have exercised her right to remain queen by remaining silent; and Willis Page(ph) had his own beef with Ms.  Franklin. He wrote: I've had tickets to see Aretha Franklin three times, and three times she has cancelled in different cities. How about being mad at the title of Queen of No-shows?","And then the other big feud this week was between Tavis Smiley and Michelle Obama. Journalist Tavis Smiley invited Barack Obama to speak at his annual State of the Black Union. Obama declined, saying he had to campaign, but he offered to send his wife, Michelle, in his place. Tavis Smiley essentially said no thanks."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Aretha Franklin was offended by Beyonce introducing Tina Turner as the queen at the Grammys.","questions":"Which singer released a statement in response to Beyonce introducing Tina Turner as the queen at the Grammys?","answer":"Aretha"}
{"text":["Initially, Manaf was very close to Bassel. I mean, he was his childhood friend. But when Bassel died and Bashar became the heir, obviously, the friendship and the loyalties were transferred to Bashar. And Manaf was by Bashar's side, you know, from the get-go.","You know, in 2011, when the uprising started, here, Manaf made the break and said, you know, I'm not going to be like my father, Mustafa; I'm not going to kill, you know, to preserve this regime. So he stepped back and eventually had to leave the country.","When you talked to Manaf Tlass, who was a loyalist for so long, what does he say is the moment when he said, I got to get out of this - this friendship, this country?","Initially, when the uprising started, Manaf was trying to convince Bashar not to use violence, not to actually shoot protesters. But the problem is, you know, Bashar was surrounded by these hardliners - his brother Maher al-Assad and his cousin Hafez Makhlouf. So this is very much a family affair ruling Syria. These people were for actually shooting people from the first day. And the idea was if you shot enough people from the first day, you would scare them off the streets. That was the logic."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Bashar and his family members were the main supporters of using violence to suppress the uprising.","questions":"How were Bashar and his family members involved in suppressing the uprising?","answer":"Supporters"}
{"text":["You know, it's quite clear that it is a cherry-picked narrative. But reading it makes you wonder if that's an insult to cherries.","(Laughter) Which, after all, have many valuable antioxidants. Before it was released, a lot of Democrats said the result of releasing the memo would be catastrophic. Last night and today, many Democrats seem to be saying, is that all you got?Are you kidding?","Well, for some, it's more a dud than a slam dunk. But at the same time, of course, the Democrats want to release their own memo - their critique memo - their response or rebuttal. And that's going to be the big focus when we get back here on Monday.","Rod Rosenstein - long for his position in the Justice Department?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Well, for some, it's more a dud than a slam dunk.But at the same time, of course, the Democrats want to release their own memo - their critique memo - their response or rebuttal.And that's going to be the big focus when we get back here on Monday.\" Implicated meaning: The speaker is commenting on the mixed reactions to an event or situation. They suggest that while some people may view it as a failure (\"a dud\"), others may see it as a success (\"a slam dunk\"). The speaker also mentions the Democrats' plan to release their own memo, which they believe will be the main topic of discussion in the future.","questions":"How do some people view the situation mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Failure"}
{"text":["Committee will come to order.","Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff was the one swinging that gavel and overseeing the hearing with Acting Director of National Intelligence Joseph Maguire. Chairman Schiff, welcome back to the program.","Thank you. Great to be with you.","Let me first ask you about one big revelation in the whistleblower complaint, which is that after President Trump asked Ukraine's president to look into the Biden family, the White House locked down all records of the call, putting them into a separate electronic system to handle especially sensitive classified information. Have you ever heard of a White House doing something like that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The complaint was about someone that exposed something being done illegally by another person or group.","questions":"Which was the main topic of the whistleblower complaint?","answer":"Main"}
{"text":["The European ambassador was musing about a possible project used as old British plantation - very impressive - deep in the mountains of Central Africa. You know, in Southern Sudan, you get up at these pretty big mountains, 7 - 10,000 feet and, oh, beautiful plantation of perfectly straight trees that have been growing for 60 years, untouched. So the investors say, well, we've helped them, you know, get a project going to make timber out of a few of these and open a road and then they can use the money to get more tools, and then they'll use that to get a little cottage system going for eco-tourists. And it could happen.","It could happen, but you also point out the same roads can be use by the poachers?","Yes. There is that threat. Most people in South Sudan really don't know what poaching is. This is how they've lived for centuries. It's a rural society so they rightly view it as their way of their way of survival, but does sweep the forest clean of animals. I'll say the only animals I saw in the forest were dead.","Though you did ran into a wild boar."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Poaching is a major problem and is wiping out the forest's animal population.","questions":"How is the forest's animal population affected?","answer":"Wiping"}
{"text":["As far as race goes, you know, many of the African-American women who came forward about what Cosby did to them struggled with that, too. And in the end, they concluded, as I conclude, that he's not your typical African-American defendant. He had seven attorneys at his second trial. How many do you know that could have the income level to afford that?It's about power and privilege and wealth, and that's what allowed him to escape justice for so long.","That's Nicole Weisensee Egan. Her new book is \"Chasing Cosby: The Downfall Of America's Dad. \"We spoke with her from member station WHYY in Philadelphia.","Nicole Egan, thanks so much for talking to us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There are no turns in this dialogue whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. All the turns are straightforward and do not contain any figurative language or idiomatic expressions.","questions":"What is the literal meaning of the turns in this dialogue?","answer":"Straightforward"}
{"text":["Well, they do. But what people don't always realize about the Affordable Care Act is it's not just a discrete program in and of itself. It changed other government programs, too, and that includes Medicare.","What was the biggest change for Medicare?","Well, the one that's gotten the most attention is the change to prescription drug coverage. You may have heard about something called the doughnut hole. That's where Medicare would get you a discount on prescriptions but only up to a point. After that, you had to pay full price for drugs until you shelled out around 1,300 bucks. Then Medicaid would help you out again.","Now, some people never really reached that point because when they had to pay full price, they just started skipping some of their prescription meds. So the Affordable Care Act has been phasing out this gap. It saved people on Medicare more than $23 billion. But this program could go away with the repeal of the law.","That could go away, and we should say, once again, that we don't know yet what any replacement will look like. What have you heard among the ideas being proposed that might affect older Americans?","Well, a few members of Congress, Republicans, have circulated their own proposals for replacing the Affordable Care Act. And one thing that comes up in some of them, including in House Speaker Paul Ryan's plan, is a major change to Medicaid. Now, that's known as the program that provides health care for the poor. But it's also the program that pays for long-term care for a lot of older people. In fact, Medicaid pays the bills for most nursing home residents."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"it's not just a discrete program in and of itself\" This turn means that the Affordable Care Act is not a standalone program, but it also affects other government programs, indicating a metaphorical meaning of \"discrete,\" which means separate or distinct.","questions":"What is the metaphorical meaning of \"discrete\" in turn 0?","answer":"Separate"}
{"text":["Yeah. So the brain obviously is functioning at a much higher level, but we should understand that the brain alone is not causing the weight loss. The brain's metabolism is causing for different reaction to occur in your body, like increased stress, like loss of appetite, like disturbed sleep patterns. And because of all of these different factors that the brain is setting off - that is the reason they're losing weight.","I want to talk about world champion Magnus Carlsen from Norway. You learned about his training regimen. Tell me about the moment he realized that he needed a competitive edge and what he did to get it.","Yeah. So it's interesting with Magnus Carlsen - he realized early on that fixing small things, like what he drinks during the course of a game, will alter the way he functions, especially in the last hour or so of the game. And so one of the things that was really fascinating about this was when I was talking to his dad. His dad was like, oh, we went to the Olympic Training Center. And they were told immediately that the orange juice that he was drinking was causing for the sugar levels to take a huge dip in the fifth and sixth hours of game. And so they were asked to replace that with milk.","Meaning he'd have a little energy crash. So the idea is you need to keep yourself sustained with something that gives you energy but won't have the crash and that you need to do that even if you're not skiing, right. . .","Exactly. Exactly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the sugar levels to take a huge dip implies that his sugar levels decreased dramatically","questions":"How did Magnus Carlsen's dad find out that the orange juice was causing a dip in his sugar levels during the game?","answer":"Milk"}
{"text":["We get the impression from the reporting of our colleague Adrian Florido in Puerto Rico that this was - the protests that drove out the governor, they were a protest against the governor but really against the whole political system. And the descriptions you've just given of the various positions would seem to back that up. Does anybody have credibility to take the job?","I think there are people that do have the credibility and that have the experience. But I - it's not clear to me that political leadership has heard the message that has been delivered loud and clearly by the thousands, in some cases hundreds of thousands of Puerto Ricans that took to the street to let, you know, their distaste and their indignation known.","What do you mean they haven't heard the message - meaning that the political leadership doesn't understand how angry people are?","I think that that could be the case, and it is demonstrated by the fact that there are reports of backroom dealing over who could be that next secretary of state that could take over the governor's position."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : backroom dealings meaning out of the view of the public and not with good intent","questions":"How were the backroom dealings conducted?","answer":"Reports"}
{"text":["OK.  Let's talk taxes. The latest GOP tax plan sailed through the House of Representatives this week. It's now in the Senate. What will be the greatest challenge there. Could it fail there, or is it likely to pass?They need a win.","Well, they already have - the Republicans already have some problems going on with even some of their most conservative members. So you've got Ron Johnson from Wisconsin who's already said, I won't vote for this bill in the way it stands. Someone like Susan Collins objects to the fact that the repeal of the individual mandate - the health care mandate - has been attached to this bill. So while it passed through the House pretty easily, the Senate is an incredibly different climate. You have people like Bob Corker and Jeff Flake who are a little bit of - you know, they're sticking in the craw of Republican leaderships because they're - you know, they're sort of doing. . .","Deficit hawks. Yeah.","Yes, exactly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Well, they already have - the Republicans already have some problems going on with even some of their most conservative members.\" - The literal meaning is that some conservative members of the Republican party are having issues. The implied meaning is that the Republicans are facing challenges within their own party and may have difficulty passing the tax plan in the Senate.","questions":"Which party is facing challenges passing the tax plan in the Senate?","answer":"Republicans"}
{"text":["What has been done since then?And what still needs to be done to achieve a formal exoneration from the state of Texas for Timothy Cole?","Well there's an enormous amount. The first problem is that the court system in Texas is addicted to convictions and not very up on exonerations. We have created a very political system here in which egos are involved, politics are involved, and it's very, very difficult for judges and prosecutors to ever admit that they've convicted innocent people.","Do you have. . .","Because of that, we are running into a lot of obstacles."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There are many obstacles to achieving a formal exoneration for Timothy Cole due to the addiction of the court system to convictions.","questions":"What is the reason for the obstacles in achieving a formal exoneration for Timothy Cole?","answer":"Addiction"}
{"text":["One has to wonder why this had not surfaced before and wondered, too, if it might be connected to those controversial remarks that Sarah just referred to that he made last week with regard to abortion. That may have caused this to come to the surface in a way that in his political career heretofore - he was just elected governor in 2017 - it never did.","Ron, they're going to be 22 people at any one time on the field in the Super Bowl tomorrow. There might be more Democrats running for president than people in the Super Bowl tomorrow. In fact, you're going to announce an exploratory committee, aren't you?","(Laughter) I'm just going to go on a listening tour, Scott.","All right.","You know, Cory Booker is the latest Democrat to get in, but most of the conversation this last week was about Howard Schultz, who calls himself a longtime Democrat - lifelong Democrat - but who is talking about running as an independent."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to surface in this context means that something has been kept secret but isn't anymore","questions":"How did the information about the political candidate \"surface\"?","answer":"Come"}
{"text":["So things like Hillary Clinton's speeches - the Goldman Sachs speeches - I think those do pass the public interest test. Even given the importance of those few newsworthy items, if you ask me, is the dumping of this much private information and this much internal conversation - the damage this does to our political system - is it worth a few news items if I had a binary choice - all of it or none of it?","I would say we haven't gained that much. But the ideal wouldn't be that binary choice. The ideal would be that such leaks and hacks would go to responsible journalists who would go through this and would identify what is actually in the public interest.","But these - this day and age - wouldn't people say the news organization is concealing information - that they want the chance to look at the original documents and decide for themselves?","I think, in this day and age, we really need to figure out when to hold back. In the past, news was driven by scarcity. There wasn't enough news. And you sent around journalists. And you said, let's find out what's going on."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implication of this turn is that people want to be able to look at the original documents and decide for themselves what is relevant and important, instead of relying on a news organization to make that determination.","questions":"What would people say news organizations are concealing?","answer":"Information"}
{"text":["We're coming over the initial shock. It's a very strange situation to live in one of the wealthiest countries in the world. And we have been living in more luxury than almost any other nation on this planet, and now all of a sudden we find ourselves almost like beggars.","You talk about the swift difference between being so wealthy to now being in a totally different place. Is this what everyone - is the average person going through something like this?Or is this just a select few that went from being so wealthy to so not wealthy?","The general public here has been very, very well off. But now people that are starting to lose their jobs - hundreds of people that used to work in the banks have been losing their jobs recently. We know that a lot of companies are going to become bankrupt. We had almost no unemployment in the past years. We've been importing workers from Eastern Europe because we didn't have enough people to work in our companies.","So, how are people coping with this?Are they selling off their belongings?What are they doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Many people are losing their jobs and companies are going bankrupt.","questions":"What is happening to the job market?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Yeah. Everyone agrees that our prescription drug costs are too high - both right and left - you know, Democrat, Republican. It's one of the few points of information, points of fact that everyone agrees on. The problem is everyone disagrees on how best to tackle that. And there are a lot of forces that are resisting any change at all.","The bipartisan solution which Senator Klobuchar and Senator John McCain have proposed is allowing prescription drug imports from other countries, so we allow for a global competition in the sense of, you know, if everyone else is getting a better deal than us, why can't we buy our prescription drugs from there the same way we buy our, you know, refrigerators and cars?","Elisabeth Rosenthal, editor-in-chief of Kaiser Health News and author of \"An American Sickness: How Health Care Became Big Business And How You Can Take It Back. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A implies that while both political parties agrees that prescription drug costs are too high, they cannot find a common ground on how to address the issue.","questions":"Which solution is proposed by Senators Klobuchar and John McCain to allow global competition for prescription drugs?","answer":"Imports"}
{"text":["(Laughter) I'm not sure if that's a compliment, Steve. But thanks.","I don't know. If it means tough, if it means on top of things, it is you, Melissa. Own it.","Well, gosh. Thanks.","She's in Lyon, France. This is NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B encourages Melissa to take pride in being tough and on top of things","questions":"What does PersonB suggest Melissa to own?","answer":"It"}
{"text":["Yeah, of course. What really sealed the deal for me was when I had to pay $11. 25 to report each individual score to colleges on my list. And, of course, I believe, you know, there has to be a lot of money that goes into proctors, the readers for the essays, all that stuff. To just send scores?It doesn't cost $11 per score.","Of course, the College Board's a not-for-profit corporation.","Yeah. I mean, they pull in about $750 million-plus a year. In the last three years, there's been about a $60 million profit on average, and that's just insane.","Well, let me follow up on another part of your argument, Mr.  Tonelli. Do you think the costs of the tests deter students from applying to more than one college?And does it perhaps discourage poorer families?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A says that the College Board pulls in about $750 million-plus a year and has made an average profit of $60 million over the last three years, and that this is just insane. The actual meaning here is that the high revenue and profits generated by the College Board, a non-profit organization, are viewed as excessive and unreasonable by some people, particularly given the high costs that students and families must pay to take College Board tests.","questions":"Which organization's revenue and profits are viewed as excessive and unreasonable by some people?","answer":"College-Board"}
{"text":["But you say there is a glimmer of hope in that if we do collectively work together, some of these problems can be fixed. What are some of the most important changes you would like to see in terms of public policy?","We have to stop the rollback of EPA policies. Under the Obama administration and earlier administrations, we were starting to make real progress. When the current administration took office, there were only four chlor-alkali plants left. The others had been closed. These spew a great deal of mercury into the atmosphere. They were slated to close. But the EPA under Trump decided not to close these plants. A few days ago, the EPA under Trump decided to stop surprise inspections, which is going to, of course, diminish their effectiveness. So we're rolling back the progress that we had made.","Then we have to re-evaluate the way we test chemicals. In the European Union, you have to test a chemical that's going to be used in or near humans for its effect on human health before you can market it. In this country, we market the chemicals and only began testing after complaints that people have been harmed. And one of the things corporations tend to say is that it's so expensive to do these tests. There are things more important than money. Right now, 23 million IQ points are lost every year in children from exposure to lead. And how do you put a price on that?","That's Harriet Washington, author of the new book \"A Terrible Thing To Waste: Environmental Racism And Its Assault On The American Mind. \""],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a glimmer of hope means that there is a small amount of hope left","questions":"How many chlor-alkali plants were left when the current administration took office?","answer":"Four"}
{"text":["Well, what keeps you up at night?What do you worry about?","Well, I'm worried that this process is getting chaotic. Two and a half years ago, Great Britain had a referendum, decided to leave the European Union. But it did not decide what kind of future relationship it wanted with the 27 member states.","And because this was all about free trade, you have to know that half of the trade of Great Britain is with the other 27 EU member states, and the other half is with other countries in the world, foremost among them, the U. S.  and China. We're one year and four months into the negotiation process. And here, finally, is the proposal of Great Britain - what future relations should be. That's a bit late in the process. This particular proposal should have been there on day one.","Now, at the moment, there are 3 million EU citizens living in Great Britain, and about 1. 2 million British live in EU countries. Their rights are undefined, so it's not clear what they can do. And as you get closer to the deadline, these people are really worried. And by the way, there are industries in which there are quite a few foreigners, so if you take them out all at once, you may also have a problem keeping it going.","In the Netherlands, we know we have 30,000 businesses, mostly small and medium enterprises, that export only to EU countries, Great Britain included. That means that they've never seen a Customs and Excise control officer. They will have to get used to go through Customs and Excise."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Great Britain's proposal for future relations with the EU came late in the negotiation process","questions":"Which proposal came late in the negotiation process?","answer":"Future"}
{"text":["We're talking about huge issues here like, you know, what's the difference between the generations, between the Vietnam war generation and the younger generation?What's the role of African Americans in leadership in society?Is there a glass ceiling for women to break through?These are huge societal issues and they're being represented by these larger than life candidates.","Speaking of archetypes and demographics when it came to the primary season, how did Senator McCain stack up not just against Senator Obama, but also Senator Clinton?","Yeah, absolutely. The best way to see the primary campaign, you know, the first five months of this year is really too see it as a three-way race rather than a two-way race. And basically the major contest was between the young, attractive, good-speaking oratorical black man and the experienced glass-ceiling breaking woman, and the wily grizzled vets came in, sort of had a third place role there, but nevertheless got some coverage. If you rank - once ranked the number of minutes that they got, Obama got most of the - Rodham Clinton got second, and McCain got about half as much as Obama got.","All right. Just very briefly, what do you see ahead in terms of the parity or lack thereof for Obama and McCain?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Senator McCain's demographic characteristics were compared to Senator Obama and Senator Clinton.","questions":"Which candidates were compared to Senator McCain?","answer":"Obama"}
{"text":["I could live there. But, you know, as things stand now, it's difficult for me to live there because, you know, in Cape Town - Cape Town is a cosmopolitan city now. I mean, it has been cosmopolitan city for many, many years. Mogadishu has stopped being a cosmopolitan city. It was a cosmopolitan city many years ago - one of the most celebrated cosmopolitan cities. I can imagine living in Somalia, but it has - Somalia has to change. I have changed and therefore Somalia must change. And that would be the case if one, there was peace. Two, if I could live anonymously which is not possible all the time, but it could be. And then if there are book shops and cultural, you know, stuff that one can do and get involved in. There is no such thing now. Civil war dominates everything and one's everyday life in Somalia, which is quite tragic. Well, this is not the life I would like to live.","Nuruddin Farah. His new novel: \"Hiding In Plain Sight. \"","Thank you so much for being with us.","My pleasure, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In this context, \"My pleasure\" is a polite response to thank someone for the opportunity to speak or participate in something, and it does not convey an actual feeling of pleasure. Similarly, \"Thank you\" in this context is not an expression of gratitude, but rather a polite way to acknowledge the conversation or interaction coming to an end.","questions":"How does PersonA respond to PersonB's statement about Nuruddin Farah's new novel?","answer":"Hiding"}
{"text":["We have all been growing increasingly frustrated and upset about the direction of this country. Not just about policies, right?We're going to likely disagree. But it has been this bomb that I call it he has exploded within this country along racial lines. We have all been frustrated, and so we found a way to actually do something and say something and push back on this narrative around what we're saying about black and brown people as if this is not our country. No matter where our background is, what he's doing as it relates to immigrants - we felt like it wasn't enough being said, and so coming together, we thought our voices together would make a stronger impact.","Are you concerned at all that people will just dismiss this criticism of President Trump as a partisan attack?","You know, at this point, it doesn't matter. If they want to dismiss it, they can, but they are dismissing the larger point that was being made. He challenged our patriotism. He challenged the citizenship of those four women who are citizens of this country. He consistently challenges that when it comes to people of color. And so at this point, if somebody wants to dismiss it just because they want to see it through the lens of politics, that's a problem. But we elevated the fact that because we served this country and because we love this country, it doesn't mean that we have to sit quietly as we see things going wrong in this country.","Dru Ealons is a political blogger and strategist who served as a senior official at the EPA during the Obama administration."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Sit quietly\" is not about literally sitting down. Here, the implication is they don't want to be quiet, they want to speak out politically to protest against the President.","questions":"What is the implication of \"sit quietly\" in turn 3?","answer":"Protest"}
{"text":["These processes are difficult, and the negotiations are hard. But the president, to his credit, has decided that this is something he's going to do. He's taken on probably the toughest foreign policy challenge he could find in the world and has decided to make it his own. Now he has to find a way to ensure that the North Koreans and our negotiators return to the table and can pick up the pieces here and try to find a way forward.","Do you think he's leaving mano-a-mano sensitive diplomacy to the past, and he's willing to let lower levels and - or even the secretary of state - ensure that there is some deal?","Well, you have to remember the Singapore summit in June is nearly seven months behind us right now. And I think that Secretary Pompeo and his special envoy have put in a lot of time and a lot of effort. These negotiations, as I noted, are tough. But they're not only tough because of the issues between North Korea and the United States.","They're also tough because of real differences here in the United States about what we can do and what we can accomplish and how it ties to our larger strategy of nonproliferation, nuclear nonproliferation, in the world - but also how it links to our alliance relationships with South Korea and Japan and emerging relationships with China, not to mention Russia, which is one of North Korea's neighbors."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are not going to a table and picking up pieces but are actually just resuming conversations and trying to fix problems between them.","questions":"What do the North Koreans and negotiators need to do?","answer":"Fix"}
{"text":["I assume, Sean, you're not going to have anyone there kind of pulling in the CNN-type touchscreen - pulling up results from various provinces. When might we get a really solid indication of who the next president of Afghanistan will be?","You're right. It is going to take some time here. We should start to get some basic, preliminary results in the coming days. But the actual count won't be completed until April 20. But once that's released, there's going to be several weeks of challenges, and a period where another body evaluates fraud and complaints and challenges from candidates. And May 14th is when the final, certified results of today's vote will actually be released. And most analysts are convinced that there's no chance any of the candidates will get more than 50 percent of the vote today, which means the top two candidates will go to a runoff, probably to be held sometime in June; meaning, we're looking at sometime late summer, early fall, actually, before we know who the next president of Afghanistan's going to be.","NPR's Sean Carberry in Kabul. Thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"pulling in the CNN-type touchscreen\" is not meant literally but figuratively. The speaker is referring to someone who can quickly access and display information from different sources, like a touchscreen on a news program.","questions":"How is the speaker using the term \"CNN-type touchscreen\"?","answer":"Figuratively"}
{"text":["I think it's really important to say that scientists are really late to the party. Science has been under attack for a long time. And really, what's happened is that scientists are scared to engage with politics. They're worried about looking biased. They're worried about their funding. But really that's been a terrible strategy. It's meant that bad science policy decisions have been made.","But would you be holding this march, do you think, if it were President Hillary Clinton in the White House?","I think there is a catalyst in seeing how intense the attacks are right now. We have to acknowledge that, yes.","Are there specific goals you all are trying to achieve in terms of advancing one policy or another?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : late to the party implies that the scientists engaged with the issue after most people","questions":"How do scientists feel about engaging with politics?","answer":"Scared"}
{"text":["Tell me how you grew up.","Well, my grandparents raised me. When their - they had - they've been foster parents for as long as I can remember. And I was actually the first child other than their own that they actually took care of, and they raised me since I was six months old.","Although my mom lived there as well, she was always - you know, raised me as well, but I lived in their house. I always kept myself around something musical, whether it was being in a play where I played the drunk daughter, or sneaking out to the studio to make a, you know, a demo that never became anything. But you know, it was all a part of what I felt I needed to do beyond, you know, those - that house and beyond church. You know, I was always looking for something to do outside of that - of those four walls.","In this book, you talk about some really rough times you went through. Being held out a window by an abusive boyfriend who threatened to drop you to your death, being beat up, being manipulated. Why do you feel that it was important to put all that in the book?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B was raised by his grandparents who were foster parents, not his biological parents.","questions":"What was PersonB's relationship with his biological parents?","answer":"Foster-parents"}
{"text":["What a coincidence. Serendipity.","Absolutely. So this is a very festive lab and we asked if they would look into this and they did, several times over, for us. And so we have the results on Video Pick of the Week is originals of our sample size of one - we should be clear - experiment into this.","Right. And you found that if you out enough - spike your eggnog enough, should we. . .","Well, yes. So you can go to our website for the recipe. But after - the key to this, and actually, we'll have - let's have Vince Fischetti, sort of, give us a little background."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is expressing surprise and amazement at the coincidence.","questions":"What is the PersonA's reaction to the coincidence?","answer":"Surprise"}
{"text":["That's true. Actually, the crime rate in Norway isn't really that high, so the police helicopter is actually more of a surveillance helicopter. It doesn't really carry people. But there is, as you found out, afterwards, there is a kind of - or should be a kind of co-working between the police and the air force, which didn't. . .","Didn't work, yeah.",". . . as it should (unintelligible). And there are also, on different areas, a lot of other routines that really didn't work as they were set up to be, so there had been a lot of criticism. And I think very much on the political side has changed and will change in the months and years to come because of what happened.","One, final question. In his manifesto, Breivik claimed to be the commander of a group of extremists in Europe. He called them the Knights Templar. Any evidence of that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - B is implying that Breivik's claims may not be true, even though it is not explicitly stated.","questions":"Which claim is PersonB questioning in the dialogue?","answer":"Commander"}
{"text":["Right.",". . . in their noses, and that was because it was reflected back to visible light.","Oh, interesting.","But now, we're able to micronize that. And when we do that, we're able to make those molecules smaller, and you can focus just on the UVB and UVA, which is important for sun protection."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A explains the importance of micronizing molecules for sun protection.","questions":"What is important to focus on for sun protection?","answer":"Sun"}
{"text":["Yeah. That was the scene I went out. Before I did that song, Creed said, man, write a hit. I said, oh, sure, it'll be gold(ph). Because commercialism never really fazed me. I mean, playing songs that - in links that you knew everybody would like. I always wanted to be a true jazz artist, you know that. But Creed said, write a hit, so I wrote \"Red Clay. \"And all my friends who were jazz musicians, they said, man, you writing that square stuff. So I kind of - but that tune has earned me a living.","That's a great tune.","I mean - and it reminded me of my early childhood when I was back in Indianapolis.","They have red clay in Indiana?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I wrote 'Red Clay'\" implies that the speaker was not initially interested in writing a commercial hit, but ended up doing so at the urging of someone else.","questions":"Which tune earned the speaker a living?","answer":"Red"}
{"text":["Are there any good reasons to use this?","There is a separate group here working on storing data in DNA. It turns out that DNA is really robust for long-term storage, whereas, you know, hard drives may die after a few years. You can conceivably store data in DNA for hundreds or thousands of years. And as long as life continues to be based on DNA, we'll always have a reason to read and write DNA. So it's sort of a technology that won't go obsolete.","So, I mean, we underscored the aspect of some kind of mischief or outright miscreants. But I wonder, you know, a few years from now, instead of having hard drives or storage systems, will people just carry around that information in themselves, in their DNA?","I'm not sure that people will carry around that information within them. But I do believe people will start using DNA for sort of long-term storage. So accessing data from DNA and putting data into DNA is a pretty slow process. And so you'll want to, you know, archive photos in there and things like that. But you won't want to use it for your day-to-day tasks, at least not for the foreseeable future."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The question suggests that the use of DNA for data storage might be beneficial.","questions":"What does the question from PersonB imply about the potential benefits of using DNPersonA for data storage?","answer":"Benefits"}
{"text":["And actually, when I used to go home at about midday to sleep, everyone was in work still, so it was very quiet. So I liked the fact that I was almost like a bat - you know, vampire bat - coming out purely at night and disappearing when the sun came up.","One of the important qualities in baking that you talk about in this book is the importance of touch.","Yeah. Yeah, absolutely. I mean, in this world of health and safety, I remember - there's a lot of, you know, they try and encourage the bakers to wear gloves - rubber gloves when you're kneading bread. I mean, what?","I mean, this is one of the oldest traditions in the world. And to get bakers to wrap up their hands so they can't feel the dough - it's that touch, which you cannot teach - it's something you have to practice, practice, practice and get used to. And once you have that touch, you can make anything because it's all about consistency - baking - whether it's consistency in a sponge, in a great pastry or, indeed, a good bread."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker enjoyed the solitude of working at night, as it made them feel like a vampire who only came out when it was dark and disappeared again when the sun rose.","questions":"What animal did the speaker compare themselves to when describing their work schedule?","answer":"Vampire"}
{"text":["You know, you're helping a lot of people, Mr.  Mayor.","Well, I hope I am. I don't see it, and that's what scares me most of all. We care about everybody. We have to reach out for all of them and try to be successful for them to help them be that support deal for them. It's not a positive day every day, but you have to make it into one.","The mayor of Fulton, Texas, Jimmy Kendrick - thanks so much for being with us, Mr.  Mayor. Good luck to you.","Well, I appreciate it. And just keep us in your prayers. It's always nice to have a prayer given for us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The mayor is implicitly expressing his fear that he may not be helping as many people as he hopes he is, even though he is trying his best to reach out to them and provide them with the support they need. ","questions":"How is the mayor feeling about his ability to help people?","answer":"Uncertain"}
{"text":["UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #2: (Reading) That they are endowed by their creator. . .","Those voices were recorded last year on the National Mall. This year, to celebrate the Fourth of July, we're examining the text of the Declaration of Independence, but not the parts you've heard over and over again. The smallest details of phrasing in that declaration were crucial. Many words carried hidden meanings, small proclamations meant to legitimize aspirations for independence and little barbs for the British. It's part of Mark Memmott's job to pay attention to how we use words. He's NPR's supervising senior editor for standards and practices. Welcome, Mark.","Glad to be here.","OK, point us to a word in the Declaration of Independence that we might not have paid that much attention to.","I should say right here that I learned a lot about this this week from Professor Stephen Lucas, University of Wisconsin-Madison. The word is necessary."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B: Those voices were recorded last year on the National Mall. This year, to celebrate the Fourth of July, we're examining the text of the Declaration of Independence, but not the parts you've heard over and over again.","questions":"How are we celebrating the Fourth of July this year?","answer":"Examining"}
{"text":["I was listening back to some of the pieces that you've done in the past couple of months as we prepare for this broadcast. One of the things that China may have to change is the role of its banks. Banks like to take very few risks if possible, and that means investing in those big state-owned industries that have - well, they may not be spectacular returns anymore, but they are reliable.","Yeah. The banks do extremely well. You and I could sit back and run those banks and be very, very wealthy, though, communist.","The government sets the interest rates and so the banks can make a lot money. And if you're a Chinese person, you can't really get much of your capital out of the country. So where else are you going to put it?","One of the problems with the banks is that they tend to invest in state-owned enterprises. It's kind of part of their job, and it's less risky. But most of the jobs in China are really produced by private enterprise, as they are here in the United States. And it's much harder for them to get capital. So people are, in many ways, feelings that the economy is out of whack in a number ways and that there need to be some serious changes. The government knows this, but there are now very strong vested interests in state-owned enterprises and the banks. And so getting that done is not going to be easy politically."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The government is aware of the issues with state-owned enterprises and banks, but it will be difficult to make changes due to vested interests","questions":"How difficult will it be to make changes in China's banking system?","answer":"loan"}
{"text":["Well, Mr.  Market feels pretty strongly that he's seen this show before. And. . .","He's counting on something to be worked out at the last minute.","That's right. The real question is, if by Thursday there's no deal, will stock markets still be gaily rising?I think the answer is probably no.","I was struck by a phrase in Chris Arnold's piece about the dollar being the bedrock currency for much of the world. Is that jeopardized?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Will stock markets still be gaily rising? Implied Meaning: Will stock markets still be increasing in value?","questions":"Which word describes the trend of the stock markets in turn 2?","answer":"Rising"}
{"text":["So, you're skeptical about a car czar. You think that there should be loans, though, with strict provisions attached to them.","Right, right.","What else?What else needs to be done?I mean, this is a massive, massive problem, and two of the three are facing extinction at this point.","Don't forget, what's putting them in this condition is the economic, you know, the economic condition of the nation right now. But the kind of fixed-cost structure that these auto companies have is massive, massive losses that have to do with what's happening to demand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning.","questions":"How does the economic condition of the nation affect the auto companies?","answer":"Economic"}
{"text":["Well, one last question about this because there is speculation that this weather may be due to the loss of ice during the summertime at the polar region. Is there any evidence for that being the trigger?","No, that has a lot of other dramatic effects on our climate, but for stratospheric warming events, what we're looking at are very large systems, such as the one that was off of the northeast coast of Japan. Also it's been correlated to sunspot activity. So that's kind of a factor that doesn't affect the troposphere so much, but it does involve some (unintelligible) content action in the stratosphere. So we're seeing a correlation between a solar activity and then these big, very unstable systems late in the season like we saw off the northeast coast of Japan.","All right, well, people always blame stuff on sunspots, so. . .","That's right, it's hard to prove them wrong."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Trigger implies that it is the cause of what happened in the polar region","questions":"How does the loss of ice in the polar region affect stratospheric warming events?","answer":"Dramatic"}
{"text":["Interestingly, you get 100,000 dollars worth of insurance. After that, you would either have to move - you would really have to move to a different bank. Now, there may be a provision for pension funds, and that's a little bit different. But by and large, 100,000 dollars, if it's all in the name of the same company, is your limit.","So if you're concerned about that, you might want to spread out your bank holdings a little bit. You might want to put, you know, your payroll in one bank and your savings in another bank, and that would cover - you'd then get 100,000 dollars at each institution.","Here's a question that's similar to one that I asked you in our earlier segment. It comes from Rae Ann Albus Hunt(ph), who wants to know if any bank is safe these days. She's just starting her retirement planning and wants to know where she should invest her money.","Sure. Well, the answer is is that, yeah, you know, by and large, most banks are safe, and I think you really do have to trust the government guarantee."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Having all your money in one bank is risky.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue implies the importance of diversifying bank holdings?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["I think it's a story that can stick with you for many different reasons. If you leave a film, if you put down a book, and there is something that you didn't know before or something that has informed you about the world you live in that you care about but you didn't know before - if you can walk away from any kind of story with that, I think that's the goal of storytelling. I believe this is a film that does that.","And so that's what I love about this film - is it really has moved people. And it's become more, I think, socially important today than it was when we made it. There's been a lot more attention being given to Indigenous and Native American people within our country since we made the film. And there is also this whole epidemic that every day, we're learning more about men in power and sexual assault. And those are what this film is about in a very specific story.","Elizabeth Olson, speaking with us from Atlanta. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The literal meaning of (4) is \"Thanks for having me.\"  The actual meaning is \"Thank you for the opportunity.\"","questions":"Which phrase did PersonA use to express gratitude at the end of the conversation?","answer":"Thanks"}
{"text":["Has the United States done this before - taken back citizens who have some connection to ISIS fighters?","We know of one previous case. That's of Samantha El Hassani and her four children, who were repatriated to the U. S.  She's now standing trial in Indiana in a federal court, accused of providing material support to terrorism. Although, she's pleading not guilty, saying, you know, her husband dragged her to Syria. The U. S.  has said that they want to take back citizens. And President Trump has even urged in a tweet for other countries to take their citizens back. But it's not a blanket acceptance of people from Syria. The State Department says they're looking at the individuals on a case-by-case basis. And there is the ongoing controversial case of Hoda Muthana. She was born in New Jersey. She's been previously issued with U. S.  passports, but the U. S.  is challenging her citizenship status because her father is Yemeni.","As you point out, this is not just about U. S.  citizens. Tens of thousands of people went to Syria and Iraq to join ISIS. How are other countries handling this with their own citizens?","Well, as you say, it's a huge problem. So we're looking at about 46 other countries who are having to deal with this at the moment. And there's 13,000 women and children in the camps in Syria as well as the men in prisons. Some people have - some countries have taken their citizens back, like Kazakhstan and Sudan. But a lot of countries in Europe are saying, you know, we don't want these people back. The U. K.  has gone as far as stripping some people of citizenship."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The UK government has removed citizenship from some people.","questions":"How has the UK government responded to some people who joined ISIS?","answer":"Stripping"}
{"text":["And of course we speak this week on a week in which the city of Baltimore has been undergoing a lot of restiveness, including injuries and arrests. What do you make of the fact that you've got Wednesday's ballgame played at Camden Yards, but no audience?","I think that's a shame. Much like how after 9\/11 I didn't think they should've called the ballgames off, I thought they should still have baseball being played. I think baseball helps people heal. It changes things. Look at Jackie Robinson, what that did for the civil rights movement. I can speak for my family when they came over from Poland at the turn-of-the-century. They combined with other immigrant kids and they all learned baseball because that was one thing that brought everybody together.","Gary Cieradkowski - his new book, \"The League of Outsider Baseball. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : ) A: I think that's a shame.Much like how after 9\/11 I didn't think they should've called the ballgames off, I thought they should still have baseball being played.I think baseball helps people heal.It changes things.Look at Jackie Robinson, what that did for the civil rights movement.I can speak for my family when they came over from Poland at the turn-of-the-century.They combined with other immigrant kids and they all learned baseball because that was one thing that brought everybody together. Actual meaning: A is expressing his opinion that playing baseball is important for helping people heal, both from tragedy and from prejudice. He also explains that it has been an integral part of his family's experience of immigration. ","questions":"What helped bring together immigrant kids in PersonA's family?","answer":"Baseball"}
{"text":["I never had an apartment before, so just finally having my own place. And it was magical. It was gorgeous - beautiful tub. I never could use the tub because I was afraid of the roaches.","So unfortunately there's always like pros and cons to that, but it was mine. And I loved it like it was my baby. And I still miss that apartment even though there is bug issues. I miss it.","Well, it made me wonder why there aren't more songs like that in R&B. I mean, R&B is very dominated by relationships - right?- sex, relationships songs. But it does - it did make me wonder, why aren't there more songs about other milestones in R&B?Like, why is that?","Well, first of all, I'm thankful that people love new apartments so much because I always feel like my comfort zone is writing about romance and sex. But I think there's this narrative that the world just wants to hear about simple things and - or just extreme, like, sadness. I've just been broken up with or something like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker has emotional attachment to the apartment despite its flaws.","questions":"What was the emotional response of the speaker towards the apartment?","answer":"Love."}
{"text":["(Laughter).","I was going to go as Robert Siegel, so that'll be perfect.","Esquire magazine's editor at large A. J. Jacobs. Happy Halloween, A. J.","Thank you. Happy Halloween, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B is playfully addressing A as A.J. Jacobs, a well-known journalist and author, likely as a joke or as a nod to A's profession.","questions":"How did PersonB address PersonA at the Halloween party?","answer":"A.J."}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah.","It's wonderful, first of all.","Thank you.","I've enjoyed it. The very first cut on here is a very intriguing track. It's called \"Jailer,\" and some of the lyrics say, Jailer, I am in chains. You're in chains too. I wear uniforms. You wear uniforms, too. I'm a prisoner. You're a prisoner, too, Mister Jailer. Where did that come from?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The lyrics to the song imply the person working as a guard is in a very similar position to the person who is incarcerated","questions":"What is the name of the intriguing track mentioned by B?","answer":"Jailer"}
{"text":["So your book looked at air pollution in a number of countries, but we want to talk about a chapter that discusses the development of the Clean Air Act here in America. And you call this a landmark moment for public health. How come?","Well, the Clean Air Act of 1970 was really a revolutionary piece of legislation for its time. And I think in retrospect, it really stands as one of the most consequential laws in modern American history. A couple of congressionally commissioned studies since 1970 have found - literally - that the regulations enacted under the Clean Air Act have saved millions of American lives since that time and trillions of dollars.","So that's an extraordinary impact. It's one that's sometimes invisible to us. We obviously don't know if we haven't had a heart attack, haven't had an asthma attack, haven't lost a loved one because the air was cleaner than it otherwise would have been. But nonetheless, the science demonstrating that that's true is very solid.","You also call this the start of a new era in America's modern history - in what way?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : New era doesn't refer to a calendar date here , but rather a change in the mindset of a population","questions":"Which term does PersonA use to describe the Clean Air Act's impact that is sometimes invisible to people?","answer":"Trillions"}
{"text":["Well, you know, just like I said, be careful what you wish for, because it may come true.","Yeah.","So now, with the explosion in great technology in genetics, we're getting a whole bunch of candidate genes. And then through other genetic studies and comparisons between groups around the world, we can see which ones seem to light up for multiple groups, although it can be different in different populations.","Yeah. There are some - how shall we say - unorthodox treatment ideas, are there not, like infesting patients with worms for treatment?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There are unorthodox treatment ideas, such as infesting patients with worms, which may seem strange but have been found to be effective","questions":"How effective are the unorthodox treatment ideas mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Unorthodox."}
{"text":["I think it is a serious threat. I don't see strong evidence that it has increased as of late. Iran has the ability to act via proxy organizations towards United States troops, diplomats, other assets that might be in the region. It also has the mechanisms to act against our partners and against our allies either directly or through the proxy organizations that it has a relationship with.","And paint me a little bit of a picture of what that map looks like when you describe Iran's proxy organizations in the Middle East.","So Iran's strongest relationship is with Lebanese Hezbollah. That allows them to have a measure of influence both to act in Lebanon, to act towards Israel from Lebanon but increasingly to act in other countries where Iran has essentially deployed Lebanese Hezbollah troops to, including Syria.","It has also been improving its relationship with Houthi rebels in Yemen, though its ability to direct or control the Houthis is still very limited. And it has long-established relationships with Iraqi militias.","Does Iran have control over its proxies?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Iran's proxy organizations pose a serious threat to the US and its allies","questions":"Which country's relationship with Lebanese Hezbollah allows them to have a measure of influence both to act in Lebanon, to act towards Israel from Lebanon but increasingly to act in other countries where it has essentially deployed Lebanese Hezbollah troops to, including Syria?","answer":"Iran"}
{"text":["Are we talking about resveratrol here?","Well, the resveratrol discovery was about 10 years ago. We, my colleagues and I, made that discovery. But what we've done since then is use that as a - just a stepping stone, a proof of concept to make much more potent synthetic drug-like molecules that are just in the beginnings of human clinical trials. And this paper is about the finding that these molecules from grapes and the synthetics all seem to work through this one particular gene, genetic pathway we call the sirtuin pathway.","Let's back up a little bit and talk about the study you did in mice. What did you find - what did you give the mice, and what did you find there?","Well, originally we found resveratrol just in a test tube, looking for molecules that would turn on this enzyme, this protein that seems to defend against diseases in aging. We then moved to nematode worms and flies. We've done some work with bees even. The mouse study was in 2006."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : a stepping stone is not a litereral stone, but is an intermediate step in a process that leads to another.  ","questions":"What did PersonA use as a proof of concept to make more potent synthetic drug-like molecules?","answer":"Modeling"}
{"text":["OK.","We're in a tent at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival. So if you hear some extraneous sounds that you wouldn't normally hear in Studio 3A, please forgive us. But it gives us the opportunity to do some things that we wouldn't ordinarily do. We want to hear from comedians today. How do you translate your material, which comes from a certain time and place, to a wider or different cultural or even ethnic group?Give us a call: 800-989-8255. Email us: talk@npr. org.","And Trevor Noah, what did you find translated well?Is there a material that you did in Cape Town that you can do in Los Angeles, or Baltimore for that matter?","Not really, no. Because the points of view changes, you know?I think the one - well, I could talk about Oprah. Oprah is worldwide. Yes.","Oprah is worldwide."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Oprah is worldwide. (This turn has an implied meaning that Oprah's cultural influence and recognition transcends different cultures and settings)","questions":"Which talk show host has transcended cultural boundaries according to the implied meaning in the dialogue?","answer":"Talk"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me, Scott.","Let me begin with what's being called the tarmac summit. Bill Clinton, Attorney General Lynch happened to be at the Phoenix airport at the same time. And Bill Clinton arranged a private meeting, lasted about half an hour, with the attorney general. Your old colleague, David Axelrod, tweeted, quote, \"I take Loretta Lynch and Bill Clinton at their word that their convo in Phoenix didn't touch on probe. But foolish to create such optics. \"How helpful was it for Hillary Clinton, who's so widely seen as untrustworthy, to have her spouse meet with the attorney general while she's under investigation by the Justice Department?","I can't imagine there's one person in America, including in the Clinton campaign, who thinks that was helpful (laughter). But I - look, I think if Bill Clinton had to do it over again he probably wouldn't have walked over to the plane, seeing all the follow-up from the last couple days.","Does it raise a question about what you do with Bill Clinton during the campaign because he is, certainly on the one hand, often called the most talented politician of the modern era. On the other hand, you know, he's got a history of mischief."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implies that Bill Clinton should have known better than to take such an action.","questions":"What was David Axelrod's reaction to the meeting between Bill Clinton and Attorney General Lynch?","answer":"Reaction"}
{"text":["So is a bagel just a bialy with a hole in the middle?","It's very different, and the origins of the bagel are somewhat mysterious. There's a lot of folklore around it and variable legends about how the bagel came to exist. But I have decided that we will never know.","Well, it's one of the great mysteries of life, think of it that way. What made the bagel leap from being just kind of New York street food, you know, or maybe Sunday brunch food, across the country?","So it was really, I think, the Lenders brothers, and Lender's bagels are what I grew up in. I grew up outside of Detroit, Michigan, and I thought they were the greatest thing ever. Like you would get six of them in a little plastic tube. And now, like when I think, the taste was awful, but they were early adopters of refrigeration technology."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is implying that there is no definite answer to the origin of the bagel, and they have accepted that. ","questions":"What is the PersonA's attitude towards the mysterious origins of the bagel?","answer":"Accepting"}
{"text":["This is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED from NPR News. I'm Michel Martin. We're starting the program today with Steve Bullock. If the name is not familiar, he hopes it will be soon. He is the governor of Montana. And last week, he joined the 21 other Democrats plus one independent who want to take on President Trump in 2020. And Governor Bullock is with us today in our studios in Washington, D. C.","Welcome. Thank you so much for coming.","It's great to be with you, Michel.","So there's the substance of your message, and then there's the politics. So why don't we take the substance first?What's your elevator pitch to voters?What have you accomplished in Montana that you think you can take nationwide?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Welcome.Thank you so much for coming.\" - The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning. The intended meaning is a genuine welcome and appreciation for the guest's presence.","questions":"Which word expresses the intended meaning of 'Welcome' in turn 0?","answer":"Genuine"}
{"text":["Then we got a letter yesterday about the discussion we had about multi-racial identities in America. Charles Johnson in Cary, North Carolina gave us this perspective: At some point in talking about racial identity, when do we mention that all people, according to the latest research, we are all Africans, whether you call yourself European, Asian, et cetera. The research shows we all have a common African gene.","And finally, we got a few letters about a segment we did last week called Race and Privilege in an Age of Obama. Paul Gustman(ph) in Miami, Florida wrote us this: Your guest infuriated me by first calling America a place of white supremacy, and then saying that a dialogue was needed between the races. Maybe the gift of Barack Obama is that he avoids the accusatory code words that may feel cathartic to utter, but do nothing to further inter-racial understanding and acceptance.","And that's it for letters. Thanks for writing, and please keep your comments coming.","And here's how you can exercise your right to vote - your vote on what we're doing online, that is. Go to our program page at nprnewsandnotes. org and click on a segment. Then click on the Comments link and give us your thoughts."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite our racial differences, we are all genetically African.","questions":"What kind of research shows that all people are genetically African?","answer":"Genetic"}
{"text":["We'd like to talk about the economy now. With a campaign for the upcoming presidential election already underway, you can expect the state of the economy to get a lot of attention. And one of the tools economists use to predict whether a recession is coming is the yield curve, so we want to tell you what that is and why it matters.","We've called Campbell Harvey for that. He's a professor of finance at the Fuqua School of Business at Duke University, and he was the first to demonstrate that the yield curve can predict a recession. Professor Harvey also says he only considers the indicator definitive if the inverted yield curve lasts for an entire quarter. And, well, the quarter ends today, so here to give us his thoughts about what's to come is professor Campbell Harvey.","Welcome. Thank you so much for joining us.","Great to be on the show.","All right. So let's get the headline, and then we'll work backwards. Are we going into a recession?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"yield curve\" - This turn has a figurative meaning, as it refers to the relationship between short-term and long-term interest rates rather than an actual curve.","questions":"Which relationship does the term \"yield curve\" refer to?","answer":"Short-term"}
{"text":["When we say those reductions are temporary, we have to remember that they go until at least 2025. So for most of us out there, regular working folks, seven years of tax reductions is a big deal. We can have that fight again in seven years. I'm sure the Democrats will be promoting increasing taxes in seven years. That's what the Democrats always promote. The Democrat plan today was to increase taxes by over a trillion dollars. So we have to remember what our alternative option was with the other party.","But why make it temporary for individuals who might need that tax relief when corporations, who are doing very well, get a permanent. . .","Yeah, you and I are on the same page. I think that's craziness. I don't like temporary tax reductions. I don't like temporary legislative fixes, generally. I want to see permanent legislative fixes. So I am against the fact that they are temporary, but I'd rather have, as a person who pays these taxes, as a middle-income person - I'd rather have seven years of tax reduction than what the Democrats were proposing, which was a trillion dollars in increased taxes.","I'd like to talk about the political ramifications. By and large, polls show this isn't popular, and it pushes through some very substantial changes in the financial lives of Americans. Do you think that there will be a cost come 2018?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"I'm sure the Democrats will be promoting increasing taxes in seven years. That's what the Democrats always promote.\" - The speaker is using hyperbole and making a generalization that may not be true for all Democrats.","questions":"How is the speaker characterizing the Democrats' stance on taxes?","answer":"increasing"}
{"text":["As it stands now, it's getting bigger and better, and I am very hopeful that it would stay that way. At the same token, I know that it takes a smart business person to run a successful business. So it's all about how you position yourself. I'm continuously networking, and meeting with people, and developing relationships with some very prominent people. So therefore, business is prospering, and I will continue to do that.","But it would seem to me - and perhaps you can offer some clarification on this point - that there are a lot of people who are in business such as yourself, who are good at what they do, who are conscientious, who are working hard and yet who find themselves, for whatever reasons, not doing and not being as successful as they would like. And there must be something that separates you from them besides, perhaps, your business plan and your enthusiasm. Is that realistic?","That is very realistic. I mean, I think that goes with any position. You have singers, actors, and a lot of them have been in the business for years and have never made it, if you will, because certain people have it and certain people don't. You either have a drive and a knack for really connecting with people and making some things happen for yourself. Or you can be as talented as the next person, but you may never go anywhere with that talent if you don't have the right connections, the right personality and the right know-how.","You said that you've lived near the Obamas in Chicago, in the High Park area, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Having the right connections, personality and know-how is essential for success.","questions":"What are the three essential things for success according to turn 2?","answer":"Connections"}
{"text":["Yeah, it was a - it opens - they - a trade fair and Dismas notes that there are two adjacent booths, each offering a complete crown of thorns for sale.","(Laughter).","He thinks, you know, unfortunate placement there, you know?But these things existed.","And at one point, Dismas is told to translate the Shroud of Turin. Is that 16th century spin?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"B: And at one point, Dismas is told to translate the Shroud of Turin. Is that 16th century spin?\" - The literal meaning suggests that Dismas was asked to translate the Shroud of Turin and B is questioning whether it was an accurate translation.","questions":"How is PersonB questioning the accuracy of the translation of the Shroud of Turin?","answer":"Accuracy"}
{"text":["Right. Just say en and E and - yeah.","What I think the phrase means is this feeling of glory that as humans who exist there is something marvelous about us, something magical, something stupendous, something exemplary. And I don't mean that in a religious way but perhaps religious adjacent, that we are touched by God, you know, that we have a spark. But also by nature of being on this planet, we are scarred and weathered and corrupted by the world outside of us and the flawed architecture inside of us. And so I like the phrase damaged glory because I think it represents that. And I do believe that we are all worthy of somebody who will love us in all our damaged glory.","Raphael Bob-Waksberg, thanks for speaking with us today.","Well, thank you so much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker believes that humans are both wonderful and flawed, but still deserving of love","questions":"Which word describes the belief that humans are worthy of love despite their flaws?","answer":"Deserving"}
{"text":["There is a level of acceptance for some. So one young woman I met joined the all-women's force after being brutalized by her husband, who was part of ISIS. On the other hand, the women who were foreigners and even the real hardcore last holdouts in the fight against ISIS who are in this town of Baghuz, which had basically an apocalyptic end. They ran out of food. They ran out of water.","And what you see now from the women who were part of that is that all of the crimes of ISIS - you know, enslaving girls, raping women, beheading people on the streets, the hangings - that was not enough really to make them lose confidence in the head of ISIS. But the fact that children whose families belong to ISIS starved to death while leaders had food, that is what's making people very disappointed, very disillusioned, especially the women I've talked to.","Are there people who still support the caliphate despite all that they went through?","Absolutely there are. And in fact, one woman from Egypt I met has four daughters. She was talking about how all they want is to go home, to go back to Egypt, to go back to the parks, to go see relatives. And she said to me, you know, I don't believe in Baghdadi. But I still believe in the caliphate."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The crimes committed by ISIS, such as enslaving girls, raping women, and beheading people, did not make the women lose confidence in the head of ISIS, but the fact that children whose families belong to ISIS starved to death while leaders had food did.","questions":"What specifically caused the women to lose confidence in the head of ISIS?","answer":"Starvation"}
{"text":["A degree, yeah.","Yeah. We're talking Jay Kang about his article that ran in The New York Times magazine this past weekend, \"That Other School Shooting. \"And you're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","I wanted to ask you about another Korean-American you ran into. An Eagle Scout who, in fact, wanted to build a memorial garden.","Yeah, Kinsa Durst. He was - I think he is 19 now. You know, he's the type of the kid that I think every parent wants to, you know, at some way, their kid to grow up to be. He had sort of the same reaction that I had. And it was interesting to me that, you know, somebody so young who's father was not Korean but his father was Caucasian but living in Korea, I think, for a while, would be so honest about this idea that this reflects violent Koreans because Virginia Tech also happened, which I think is a quote he gave me verbatim.","And instead, you know, instead of sort of - I guess, sort of, wallowing in the shame of it or trying to suppress the connection or even sort of bearing it with post-modern, sort of, academic speak about how we, you know, no one person should represent anybody else. And he went on built a peace garden in front of the school with commemorative stones for the dead. And on - during one of the memorial services that I attended, he gave this talk about how he wanted to help Korean and American relations."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"He had sort of the same reaction that I had\" - The literal meaning is that Kinsa Durst had a similar reaction to the speaker. The actual meaning is that Kinsa Durst had a similar reaction to the speaker regarding the Virginia Tech shooting and its connection to Korean Americans.","questions":"What did Kinsa Durst think about the connection between Virginia Tech shooting and Korean Americans?","answer":"Connection"}
{"text":["In terms of the treatment that you had, briefly tell us about it. What worked?What was it that helped you seemingly perhaps the most?","Well, I'd not like to be pompous and have an ego rush here. I think what happened to me is but for the grace of God, I've been able to move forward. And what has happened for me is I've been given some willingness, the willingness to follow directions, the willingness to own the fact that I have caused some very sincere emotional, physical, and spiritual damage to some other people, and then accept a way in which to address those things at the best of my ability. So, I think that the question seems to ask me, what have I done?And that is absolutely be willing to a different direction than the direction I was traveling in.","So, are you now providing treatment for others?And I don't mean that in a clinical sense, but support, help, understanding, perhaps?","I think, what I've been doing is what was so freely given to me, I've been free to give back to others.","You look happy. You're smiling. You look - you seem healthy. And as you look - this is my final question. As you look back on how you fell into the spiral and then how you spiraled out of it, do you recognize triggers now?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker attributes their recovery to divine intervention and a change in attitude.","questions":"Which factor was crucial in the PersonA's recovery?","answer":"Willingness"}
{"text":["Well, a firing range is where you find gun owners, and usually very responsible gun owners. And it was important for Gabby and I to reach out to like-minded folks like ourselves. I mean, we're both gun owners and we do it responsibly and try to get their opinions on how this affects them.","Now, you have been to Nevada and to Alaska and today we're speaking to you in New Hampshire. These are states whose senators voted against expanded background checks when the people in their state seem to approve of the idea of background checks. What is your message to those senators?","You know, Gabby and I understand the states of Arizona and Texas and their connection to firearms very well. It's important for us to understand other places, places like Nevada and Alaska, Ohio, North Dakota, here in New Hampshire - Maine also. And we'll go to North Carolina as well. So, it's not so much of sending a message to certain members of the Congress but it's really about reaching out to their constituents, so the next time I speak to those members you have a better sense of what their issues are and the things that they have to deal with.","So, what are you hearing from the like-minded people that you meet, people who like to hunt and shoot and own guns?Are you finding the kind of support you'd hope to find?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Gabby and I wanted to reach out to people who shared our beliefs about gun ownership and responsibility.","questions":"How did Gabby and PersonA try to connect with other gun owners?","answer":"Reach"}
{"text":["No costume changes, no props.","Did you go into being someone who could be so mutable in part because you had to kind of - you had to have a place to escape, I'm assuming?","You know, I think that's exactly what it was. I remember as a teenager that - you know, I was born in Germany. I lived in Japan 'til I was 10 and then, you know, moved to Iowa, which is where I graduated high school. But you know, just being surrounded by so many different cultures, I just found myself kind of being a sponge. And so, as an extracurricular activity, I ended up, you know, doing standup comedy, you know, telling jokes to my friends. And I think you're right. I think it ended up being an escape into these different characters to be able to make people laugh. And it kind of made, you know, kind of made me laugh on the inside as well, because everything on the outside was really, really hurting.","Can you either give us a snippet of a character, to be in character or show how you transition between characters?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A's ability to adapt to different cultures may have influenced their comedic talent","questions":"Which talent was influenced by PersonA's ability to adapt?","answer":"Comedic"}
{"text":["He gave him something called Ward's White Drops which didn't do anything. The poor bishop died a few months later, and Dr.  Hunter was the one who performed the autopsy. And he collected the bishop's rectum for whatever reasons and he preserved them in formaldehyde. And when he started his museum, it became one of the main things on exhibit and it's still there.","Hmm. For - yeah, for all of us to take a look at.","Mm-hmm.","What made this an outstanding candidate?Just the story like that, for your. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The bishop is rectum became a museum exhibit.","questions":"What part of the bishop's body is preserved in formaldehyde and exhibited in the museum?","answer":"Rectum"}
{"text":["(Laughter) Absolutely, it does.","All right.","So I mean, I followed up on this trip with sort of other road trips - you know, road trips hitting major cities in the U. S. , road trips hitting major sites in Europe. I've also started using it when you're walking around a city as a tourist and trying to hit all the hotspots there. And also, actually last month, I used a very similar algorithm, strangely enough, to solve the \"Where's Waldo\" children's book as well.","What do you mean you solved \"Where's Waldo?\""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Using the algorithm to find Waldo in a Where's Waldo book.","questions":"Which book did the speaker use the algorithm to solve?","answer":"Waldo"}
{"text":["You're very welcome.","What made you write this letter?","What I've noticed is that the sidelines has become more venomous. When expletives come across, when parents are yelling you're the worst referee ever because of one bad call that was made - this is outrageous behavior. It's unacceptable on every level.","Is there a particularly egregious incident that sticks in your mind that you could relate to us we might learn from?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"What made you write this letter?\" - Implied meaning: What inspired you to write this letter? ","questions":"How is the sidelines behavior described in the letter?","answer":"Venomous"}
{"text":["Thank you.","Can you tell us about the operation?What did you see when you got to Madaya?","Well, the humanitarian situation there is really, really dire. Already - I was there last time in September 2016, people were already suffering a lot, for example. It was freezing cold in the town, and people were starting, like, to burn their own furniture or blankets because basically there is no fuel in the city, so they were burning their own belongings in order to to keep a little bit warm. But this time when I went, they even people - they were running out of anything to burn.","And speaking about food, take it into consideration that cooking gas is not available in the town. People were putting the rice or the grains that they have for food in a little bit of water and leaving it under the sun for a couple of hours so it can become a little bit tender to be eaten. This is beyond shocking.","Well, what supplies did you bring them to the people?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People were so desperate for fuel that they were even boiling their food without proper cooking gas.","questions":"Which basic necessity was unavailable in Madaya?","answer":"Nothing"}
{"text":["Yeah. Mr. Champagne, is it rough to be - well, look, we've done stories in Englewood. What's it like to be a young man in Englewood now, surrounded, as I don't have to tell you, by a lot of crime, a lot of drugs, sirens all night?","Yeah, correct.","People who are, you know, afraid to walk the street. What's it like growing up that way?","Well, it's tough 'cause you got to know when to come outside, when not to come out; when to go to the store, when not to go to the store. You know, cross the street, go left, go right, you know, either way it go, you get, like, A, shot at or, you know, get jumped, get robbed. It's tough.","Yeah. And a program like this, how does it help you see things differently and what you should do differently?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  People who are, you know, afraid to walk the street. Implied meaning: The speaker is not simply describing individuals who have fear while walking on the street, but is implying that there is a pervasive sense of fear and danger in the neighborhood.","questions":"Which emotion does the PersonA's statement about growing up in Englewood imply?","answer":"fear"}
{"text":["Companies and corporations are in business to make money for themselves, their workers, their stockholders. But can they make too much?Ralph Nader thinks Apple hit that limit earlier this month when it became the first trillion-dollar publicly traded company in the United States. Mr.  Nader wrote a blistering blog post about what Apple is and isn't doing with that money. He joins us now from Connecticut. Mr.  Nader, thanks for being back with us.","You're welcome, Scott.","What's wrong with Apple sitting on all that money?","Well, they just announced earlier this year - a $100 billion stock buyback adding to previous stock buyback without asking the shareholders, institutional and individual, their opinion or even their approval. So the point I was making is it could've been used to increase employees. It could've been used to shore up the pension fund. It could've been used - 2 percent of it, Scott, to double the income of the serf laborers - 1. 3 million Chinese laborers in the contractor that builds the iPhones. It could have had 2 percent of 100 billion to improve the recycling of used computers and phones, which are endangering both the environment and the workers. It could've been put in productive investment. It could've been put in research and development. It could've been sent to cash dividends back to the shareholder, but no."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Apple could have used their money for various productive purposes","questions":"How many Chinese laborers could have doubled their income with just 2 percent of Apple's $100 billion?","answer":"1.3m"}
{"text":["Wow. All right. So that's an example of maybe law enforcement intervening just in time so he couldn't get his hands on a gun that would have been used to perhaps kill his colleagues.","That's exactly right.","OK.  How about another case?","Sure. A group of children reported a woman had just threatened to shoot them all and had pointed something that looked like a handgun at them. An officer went to the scene and then interviewed the woman, who said, yes, I did make that threat. Here is the mock handgun. I think it was a paper towel roll wrapped in electrician's tape. Here's what I pointed at them, but, officer, there is a real gun, a revolver, under my living room table. The officer contacted a judge, got an emergency restraining order, took possession of the firearm and took the woman into custody for having made the threats. While in custody, she continued to declare quite explicitly her intent to kill those children."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to get your hands on something is to buy something, or to touch something, in this case the person was getting a gun","questions":"What did law enforcement prevent the person from doing in turn 0?","answer":"Getting"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Many of us didn't think it would happen but the two delegations finally sat down face to face. Tell us about the dynamics in the negotiating room today and what you're expecting.","What we heard from media sources that the meeting kicked off 15 minutes late. Every detail was negotiated. The delegates enter from different doors. There are no flags in the room but they can wear their flag pins. It's been decided which side of the table they'll sit on, how far apart. And as we heard from the U. N.  negotiator, Lakhdar Brahimi, it's the most inaccessible room within the United Nations compound here in Geneva. The delegations - they won't talk directly to each other. Brahimi will be in the middle and they'll address him. The only thing common to all of them is language. Everybody at the table speaks Arabic. But aside from that, they are very far apart. They're there because both sides were under intense pressure from the U. S.  and Russia not to walk out.","Well, as you said, at least they are in the same room. What are they talking about today?What's the goal?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of \"What are they talking about today? What's the goal?\" is asking for information about the subject matter and objectives of the negotiations. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is expressing skepticism about the likelihood of any productive outcome from the negotiations, given the difficult dynamics described in the previous turn. The speaker is implying that the negotiations seem to be more about appearances than substance, and that there may not be a clear goal or path forward.","questions":"Which turn implies that the negotiations might not have a clear goal or path forward?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["And yes, impeachable.","You say, if it's true, what powers does the House have to try to corroborate this claim?","It does have to be corroborated. We can't impeach a president based on, you know, unnamed people speaking to the press, as credible and numerous as these reports may be. So you know, there is an investigation underway already by three House committees into what President Trump may have done with Ukraine. That is going to absolutely heat up in the next couple of weeks. So all I can say is, stay tuned. Fasten your seatbelts. The stakes here are extremely high.","Let me ask you, congressman. There are a number of Democrats and voters who are saying, you know, where is the party's spine in all of this?This is a president who has been, they say, running roughshod over your legislative authority with total impunity. What do you say to that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"where is the party's spine\" implies, where is the party's courage. \"running roughshod\" implies ignoring.","questions":"Which word describes the Democrats' reaction to Trump's actions according to the statement?","answer":"Courage"}
{"text":["Oh, no. There was a rally last week, but it was a - that was a buffoon bus. And it was a - it was a freak show, to be honest with you. I mean, it really was bizarre. I mean, it was a bunch of people from out of town in a bus, you know, yelling and screaming. I mean, it really was not much of anything, but. . .","I just want to interject. They may not share that characterization, but go ahead please, sir.","Yeah, I'm sure they don't, but it's accurate (laughter). But I really had no serious challenge from the left or the right. My re-election prospects looked quite good, actually. Most of my colleagues have multiple opponents. You know, I had just one who announced in the right, and I had one who announced from the left, but neither of whom are particularly viable.","Why leave when, arguably, your voice - it's more important than ever that you be heard?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - This turn implies that the speaker does not agree with the characterization of the rally and is interjecting to remind the other speaker that the participants in the rally may not share the same opinion. ","questions":"What was the PersonA's response to the rally?","answer":"Disagreement"}
{"text":["Well, you could say both. You know, in 2010, the parent company declared bankruptcy. There's significant debt surrounding and hanging over National Enquirer's parent company. But you can't separate this from the scandals. The Washington Post, in its reporting, claims that the hedge fund manager who's sort of controlling owner now of American Media says that he's disgusted by what he's learned. This is not really anything new for the Enquirer, but don't forget the legal trouble the Enquirer has been in. You know, it got dragged into the investigation of Michael Cohen and others. It had to, essentially, negotiate with prosecutors in order to avoid prosecution. And indeed, the Bezos scandal may raise the legal stakes once more.","I mean, we've probably all joked at the grocery store checkout stand, like, looking at the headlines - who would ever buy the National Enquirer?Well, now it's like a more serious question. Who would buy the National Enquirer?","Well, you know, in a straight world, you might say TMZ, the digital gossip site. It's hard to know. It's a damaged brand. It is a notable brand. Somebody may buy it as a plaything, or there's been speculation Jeff Bezos would want to strangle it, buy it and put it out. . .","Wow. That would be. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies surprise that Jeff Bezos would consider buying the National Enquirer.","questions":"What is the emotion expressed in turn 3?","answer":"Surprise"}
{"text":["'Cause there are a lot of industries now that can point to the fact that they are using fewer people to sometimes produce even greater revenues.","Well, that's what using fewer people will sometimes do. It certainly will - using fewer people will increase the productivity of the people that you are using. And we had been living through an age where we are adapting to a transformative technology - the Internet. I mean, this has enormous effects on the workplace. But, you know, I'm a mere writer. I wouldn't even know how to begin to answer the question you just asked; how much of this is a fundamental shift in the economy and how much of it is a result of the way we've led our financial lives?","Michael Lewis, what should, in your mind, Americans learn from the financial crisis in Europe?","The thing that has interested me the most is the role of the big financial institutions in our economy. I think over the period of the last several decades, they have spun out of control; that they are too big to fail, which means that the normal sort of mechanism of a market economy is not allowed to work in a financial sector. That normal mechanism is creative destruction. It's, you know, someone builds a better one and the old one dies. And I would have thought the big lesson from the period of 2007, 2008 is that we can't really build an economy based on such institutions. It's like building your house on sand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : none","questions":"What was the thing that interested Michael Lewis the most?","answer":"Institutions"}
{"text":["So we really need to do research and try to pin that down. Another thing that's critical is - so what is the long-term prospect for our cities and our ports?How much is the sea level going to rise?What are our coast lines going to look like?Well, that depends upon how fast Greenland and parts of the West Antarctic ice sheet melt. That's a big unknown.","There was a piece appearing in the New York Times this week that described new research that basically found even if we curb emissions now, climate change will likely continue until at least the year 3000. Do you feel like there is any solution?Can we ever go back?","We should not think about the fact that we're going to be pristine and back what we were like before the industrial revolution. I think we have to have a different notion. We have used the industrial revolution to get rich. We've improved our quality of life. Now, those very techniques are reducing the quality of life through environmental side effects. Let's try to prevent it from getting a lot worse.","So while we can't stop a few degrees of warming on top of where we already are, we can stop the 10 degrees. My notion is do as much as you can, as fast as you can, as fairly as you can, and as cost effectively as you can, and don't get hung up on the numbers because three degrees is a lot better than six, and 10 degrees is dramatically worse than any other numbers."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : pin that down implies to solve the problem or get something done rather than to put a pin on something ","questions":"What does \"pin that down\" actually imply?","answer":"Solve"}
{"text":["Moving around freely is hard to do in a conflict zone. And trust is hard. One official with Doctors Without Borders says she tried to understand why people were so angry at the Ebola response. And she asked one of her local staff why. And she told her it was because people there in that area have been suffering for so long. Her husband had been killed by militias. Three of her children had died of malaria. And no one - no aid organization, no government - has ever cared.","And now all the aid orgs are here because of Ebola. And people don't trust that they're there to help. They believe that these organizations are there to make money off of the response.","Is there a concern at this point that this outbreak could go beyond Congo?","It's a big concern. The World Health Organization just recently declared this outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. And that means that many more resources are pouring into Congo and neighboring countries. And now it's in Goma. And that presents a whole other challenge. It's the biggest city in eastern Congo. And it's a transit hub along the border with Rwanda. So, you know, there's definitely a worry that it can move from beyond Congo."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to move around in this context means to move from place to place, like moving from one house to another","questions":"How does the Doctors Without Borders official describe the reason behind people's anger at the Ebola response?","answer":"Indifference."}
{"text":["Yeah.","I'm also told by White House officials the Secret Service director was not connected to security questions at Mar-a-Lago. It was in the works before the latest security breach there - Chinese woman with a lot of passports and hard drives.","Right.","But - so this is not necessarily directly connected to immigration unlike Nielsen's resignation, which was immigration-related."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"It was in the works before the latest security breach there - Chinese woman with a lot of passports and hard drives.\" Implication: The Secret Service director's departure from Mar-a-Lago was planned before the security breach involving a Chinese woman with multiple passports and hard drives.","questions":"How was the Secret Service director's departure from Mar-a-Lago planned?","answer":"Planned"}
{"text":["And that is a big deal because a census is supposed to be a head count of every person living in the country. That's a constitutional mandate regardless of citizenship or immigration status. And those numbers determine how many congressional seats each state gets, as well as how almost $900 billion a year in federal funding for roads, for schools, how all that money is distributed around the country.","Right, so a lot of financial and political implications if you don't have the correct population number, particularly of certain minorities.","Exactly.","What are the two sides arguing?What's that what's the for and the against?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"That's a constitutional mandate regardless of citizenship or immigration status.\" (turn A): The literal meaning is that the census is required by the Constitution and applies to everyone living in the country, regardless of their legal status. The implied meaning is that some people might think the census should only count citizens or legal residents, but the speaker is emphasizing that this is not the case.","questions":"What is the constitutional mandate for the census?","answer":"Mandate"}
{"text":["There's been a lot of death on this mountain over the past couple of years. 2012, six climbers died one day on the summit. In 2013, there was that brawl between some Sherpas and some European climbers. Sixteen people died last year on Everest, and there was the April earthquake. Why would someone want to climb Everest now?","You know, it baffles me, but, you know, this mountain has an inescapable pull for a lot of people. It's been more than four years now since there's been, you know, what would pass for a quiet season on Mount Everest. And each year that I thought that there might be a normal season, it got unimaginably worse, which is just difficult to fathom.","You know, I think that some teams are thinking about going to the North side. Some people are actually, you know, canceling their trips, and people are thinking about other mountains. But for a lot of people, you know, Everest is - it's a mythical kind of place. And for a lot of people, I think it's a lifelong dream that nothing is going to stand between them and the summit.","Grayson Schaffer, Outside Magazine senior editor, speaking with us from Santa Fe. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Here, the speaker says \"Everest is - it's a mythical kind of place\" which means that Everest has a legendary and symbolic significance in people's minds and imaginations. The literal meaning would be that Everest is a place of myth or fiction, which is not true","questions":"What is the significance of Everest according to the speaker in turn 2?","answer":"Symbolic"}
{"text":["Well, I think the water infrastructure we have in this country is seriously neglected. I mean, all infrastructure acts as a foundation for economic prosperity, but water is especially important. It does live in this different world where it's so intrinsic and folks expect that we're going to have clean, fresh water any time you turn on the tap. But given the fact that it's buried, it's literally underground, it's easy to ignore. And while we have large infrastructure problems in this country, the water infrastructure problems loom particularly large.","So we don't see them, perhaps even can't taste them. It's not until they - well, that just makes it easier for problems to hide in a sense.","Exactly. And some of these systems are, you know, were built 100 years ago. Some of the pipes are made out of wood. Some of them were built in the time when metropolitan areas were expanding and decentralizing. And just - we just need to reinvest in these existing systems. But because we don't do a good job in this country investing in the infrastructure that's already built - we do a good job building new stuff - we don't do a good job taking care of what's on the ground. Things like water infrastructure are seriously neglected.","I don't think any city likes to hear - but you have to spend more money."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Investing in neglected water infrastructure requires a willingness to allocate resources and prioritize maintenance over building new infrastructure, which may be unpopular among some stakeholders.","questions":"How does neglected water infrastructure require prioritization?","answer":"Resources"}
{"text":["And, of course, this gourmet chef has, as his confidant, food critic, and food taster, his cat named Apollo. So as you can expect, everything goes wrong that day. The question is, can everything be put right?","And we'll leave it with that because, I mean, there's such a lovely surprise at the end that we should let people get to on their own. So Steinbeck - did he write a lot of short stories as well?","He wrote a good number of short stories, but this is one of the few that has some very fine, comic elements to it. When I was reading it, I was thinking to myself, is this John Steinbeck?I mean, nobody's dead; nobody's crying. There was some crying in this story, but a lot of it just was very funny. And he just manages to take a very simple theme and, with great turns of phrase, fantastic prose, turn it into something that - when I read it, I said to myself, this is a little gem. And I was just so, so excited to be reading this.","Yeah, I feel like it was - if someone suggested the topic, no other writer could have made it just shine and come to life in this really cool way."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : be put right means that something should be made correct, or something should be corrected","questions":"Which animal's name is mentioned as the confidant, food critic, and food taster of the gourmet chef in the story?","answer":"Cat"}
{"text":["Do you ever get parents who say, well I don't really like the way you're approaching this, I don't believe that that the way you're approaching this is the best way for my child?Even if they brought their kids or they've had their kids kind of come on a field trip.","We've had very few people who have said that. We have people who have left suggestions of how we can do things better, which we really want. But the focus groups that we conducted with parents before - as we were putting this exhibit together at school sites around the country, it was very clear. They were hungry for us to do something that would allow them to help explain to their children why people look different, what the concept of race is and more importantly, how people of all different backgrounds can get along in the school site.","Give me a very concrete example of something that you have in the exhibit. Describe to us one thing.","We have a wheel, color wheel, and we ask students to find their color on the color wheel. And this is the place where we talk about the history of skin color and why people have different skin color. And it has a lot to do with how humans migrated out of Africa over the, you know, past 20,000, 50,000 years. Anyway, they find themselves, and then they look at ranges of people from around the world who look like them. And it's a big a-ha moment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The exhibit helps parents teach their kids about diversity","questions":"How does the exhibit explain the history of skin color?","answer":"Skin"}
{"text":["I have credit, but it was delayed. I've never had trouble getting credit here in Brazil. I've always paid my bills, and so credit's available for me. But this year, the credit promises were made, but then the credit wasn't going to arrive until it was too late to order the fertilizer and actually work out the logistics of receiving it. And so it's changed my plans a lot this year.","And timing is really essential for farmers. So, how is that going to play out there with your 2000 acres of soy?","The 2,000 acres I'm going to plant this year are technically for another farmer. I'm not going to farm anything in my own name this year. And that's common enough, really; I'm not alone in that. Total acreage of corn and soybeans could easily be down this year in Brazil. Most people expect there to be less corn, a lot less cotton, and also less of some of the food crops like rice and edible beans. So, it's caused everyone to plant less than they normally would.","Where do all of those crops grown in Brazil - corn, wheat, and soy - where do they get exported to?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A has had trouble getting credit in Brazil this year despite having a good credit history.","questions":"What has changed PersonA's plans this year?","answer":"Credit"}
{"text":["We propose three national sales tax holiday periods in 2009. They would be 10-day periods, including two weekends, and they would occur in March, July, and October. During that time period, the federal government would reimburse the states for any sales tax holiday revenue lost because of these holiday periods.","And do you have a sense of how much money this plan could save consumers?","We estimated approximately $175 for the average family.","And as you mentioned, the way that this would work is that the federal government would reimburse states for any losses that they might incur without the taxes during these periods. But could that work?Where's the federal government going to get that money from when they're already handing out to so many other industries?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to have a sense of something means do you understand something ","questions":"Which word in the dialogue means \"to understand something\"?","answer":"Sense"}
{"text":["You still give, I gather, motivational speeches and make appearances, don't you?","I do.","What do you say?","People do have to fight and fight hard to get through adversity. And I'm certainly one that's been through a lot in the last two or three years. And I sort of have a Ph. D.  on it right now. And - but I am very upbeat, very positive about the future.","I've got to ask you about one of your former assistants. Andre McGee paid for a woman named Katina Powell to bring in paid escorts for potential Louisville recruits and players between 2010 and 2014. You say in the book this was news to you.","Well, it was news to everyone. It was news to these other - the full-time assistant coaches. That being said, they were women that would look like college kids. They were snuck through a side door mostly. They dressed like college girls. Security didn't see anything out of the ordinary."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"People do have to fight and fight hard to get through adversity. And I'm certainly one that's been through a lot in the last two or three years. And I sort of have a Ph.D. on it right now. And - but I am very upbeat, very positive about the future.\"  The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not talking about an actual Ph.D. degree, but rather a metaphorical degree gained through personal experience.","questions":"How would you describe the PersonA's outlook towards the future?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["And those in dissent, which were Ginsburg, Sotomayor and Elena Kagan, what did they say?","They pointed out that for about 400,000 voters, they would have to make a three-hour round-trip to get the kind of ID that they needed, that the state would except; for example, a Veterans Affairs ID or a four-year college ID. And in the end, wrote Justice Ginsburg for the three. The greatest threat to public confidence in this case is the prospect of enforcing a discriminatory law, one that likely imposes an unconstitutional poll tax and risks denying the right to vote to hundreds of thousands of eligible voters. So that's what they said in the end; that they would have blocked this voter ID law from going into effect.","So an important decision, but an even more important one ahead at some point.","That's exactly right. This is a big deal for this election, a stinging rebuke to the Obama administration, which really had sought to block the Texas law from going into effect. But it doesn't mean they're going to lose ultimately."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using sarcasm or irony to convey a different meaning than what is being explicitly stated.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue indicates that the speaker may be using sarcasm or irony to convey a different meaning?","answer":"Implied"}
{"text":["Hobbes wrote about the challenges his generation faces in a December article for Highline, which is put out by the Huffington Post. Its headline, \"Millennials Are Screwed,\" caught our attention this week. And we asked Hobbes to explain his pessimistic prediction.","Healthcare, housing and education are more than five times more expensive than they were for our parents. There are fewer steady jobs. Wages have stagnated since the 1970s. I mean, I can go on and on and on. And so its weird that we're constantly talking about how millennials should do this differently, and millennials should do that differently. But we dont talk that much about - hey, the country around us can do some things differently, too.","So you obviously believe that the baby boomers messed up your life?How did they do that?","Well, I've gotten a lot of emails since the article came out from boomers that are saying, we've fallen off the ladder, too. And if you're 55 years old, there's a lot of discrimination for getting back into the workforce. But what we're seeing is that those impacts are concentrated on the young. So I think there's really three paradigm shifts. The first one is work has become much lower quality, basically - that there's fewer decent jobs now. Many of the jobs that are available are contingent work or sort of have been farmed out to contractors. Many fewer jobs provide things like pension, benefits or health care these days."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"messed up\" means to cause problems or difficulties, not that something was physically destroyed or ruined.","questions":"How did PersonA define the term \"messed up\"?","answer":"Problems"}
{"text":["Yes. The ground has been too wet. Every time we turn around, it seems like we keep getting a rain shower that we don't need. But normally in the planting season, we have a four, five or six-day window of dry weather where we can go out and plant. And then it might rain. And then we'll have another four or five, six-day window. This year, we've only been able to plant on five different days now total.","So how much of your normal crop have you been able to get into the ground?","We're small compared to some of the other growers throughout the state here in Illinois. But we normally have everything in the ground. As of Monday, we only had about 25% or so in the ground tops, actually a little bit less than that.","So what are you going to do?As you said, like, normally, you've had your corn in. And then I guess you'd move onto your beans. What are you going to do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite being in the planting season, rain has prevented planting on most days this year.","questions":"How many days have they been able to plant this year?","answer":"Five"}
{"text":["Yes. Well, the Mayan mom would then just drop the kid off with the neighbor or the aunt and say, fine. I'm going to spend the day at the beach by myself. No worries (laughter). This actually brings up a second thing about the Mayan parenting style that's really different from us. And that's this idea that the Mayan mom is not stuck in a box.","Not stuck in a box. What does that mean?","So in our culture, there's this idea that the ideal thing for kids is, like, a stay-at-home mom who focuses her attention on the children. That ends up in practice being is that you have Mom stuck in a box, an apartment in the city, a big house in the suburbs. But if you look around the world, this is not how the parent-child relationship evolved at all or how kids have been raised for hundreds of thousands of years. Instead, the kids are raised by a whole slew of people - grandmas, aunts, nosy neighbors. And so what we do is actually really strange and maybe, arguably, one of the most untraditional family forms that has existed.","Wow. So I guess the takeaway for this Mother's Day is. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The mom is not confined to doing things one way and staying in one place.","questions":"How is the Mayan mom not limited?","answer":"Unlimited"}
{"text":["A few names come to mind when you say Hoosier basketball: Larry Bird, Gene Hackman, who was in a movie, and Bob Knight, about whom they make movies. Bob Knight coached three Indiana University teams to three NCAA championship titles and, a record of which he's equally proud, almost all of his players graduated. Mr.  Knight left Indiana after a controversy involving his treatment of players. He went on to coach at Texas Tech and is now retired from coaching and is a featured commentator for ESPN's college basketball coverage. He has a new book in which he lays out the philosophy of his coaching and how it might apply to life: \"The Power of Negative Thinking. \"Coach Bob Knight joins us now from the studios of ETV Radio in Columbia, South Carolina. Thanks very much for being with us.","I'm happy to be here.","You say you want to help people take off their rose-colored glasses. What do you mean?","Well, I think that we as a people are always prone to think about, well, tomorrow will be a better day. Well, why will it be a better day?And I think the more that we believe in doing things better, doing the right thing rather than hoping that that's going to happen, let's make it happen. And that's kind of how I looked at coaching in all the years that I coached."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : none","questions":"What philosophy did Coach Bob Knight lay out in his new book?","answer":"Coaching"}
{"text":["OK, starting with GlobalGrind. Here's the deal Farai, as you know, being in the media, it's becoming more and more niche, and people, especially what you're talking about Internet, you're talking about web communities and defining that niche. Now we're seeing more and more websites pop up where we've had black websites in the past, but GlobalGrind is this one-stop shop.","They claim, or they offer, for news, gossip, humor, entertainment. It's just about everything that users think is important. So the whole site is actually driven by users voting on other content that's happening elsewhere. And so the higher the vote of a specific piece of content, the more relevant it comes up on the GlobalGrind webpage.","Is it fun?","It is fun. It looks very clean. It's sleek. I do like the ownership behind the company, and some of the people driving it, because Navarro is a guy that ran 360HipHop. com, which was very successful that was sold to BET. I've met with their advertising people. I think they really got their handle on - they've made it mobile. They now integrate it with Facebook, which wasn't there before, which I was dinging them on. I was like, when are you guys going to get with mobile applications in a Web 2. 0 space?","All right, Mario. We have to jump in. RushmoreDrive. Give me the skinny."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : GlobalGrind is a successful and well-managed company with a strong focus on mobile and social media","questions":"What is GlobalGrind's focus?","answer":"Mobile"}
{"text":["No, no, and I think my guess is that a good part of this was done before the president made that announcement. It is the case - immigration law is so complicated, and so much of it is unclear that it certainly argues, as Obama said today, that this is something that Congress should go back and try to come up with some clear and more comprehensive immigration reform law, but maybe, as you know, that's for some future Congress.","The critics, those who were in the minority on the 5 to 3 part, those included Justices Scalia and Thomas. Did either of them say anything interesting in their dissent?","Justice Scalia said a lot that was interesting. He said, here's a quote. \"As a sovereign, Arizona has the inherent power to exclude persons from its territory subject only to limitations written into law by Congress. \"He took a very strong view - he mentioned it at the argument - that a sovereign state has the sort of authority on its own to arrest or kick out unwanted people.","I had never heard that before. I didn't think states had that power. But Justice Scalia wrote a very strong dissent, sort of arguing for this is a sovereign right of Arizona, and we the Supreme Court shouldn't step in and block what they're doing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"say anything interesting\" - The actual meaning implied here is that the dissenting justices had differing opinions that were worth discussing or noteworthy.","questions":"Which justice mentioned the inherent power of Arizona to exclude persons from its territory?","answer":"Scalia"}
{"text":["Well, it's - the prosecutors are saying that, essentially, they've got easier access to Julian Assange. He's no longer holed up in the Ecuadorian Embassy. He's in custody in the U. K. , so it's more feasible. I mean, they haven't proven him to be guilty or innocent, but the evidence hasn't changed. It wasn't due to a lack of evidence that they decided not to question him. It was pure logistics.","As we mentioned, the U. S.  is trying to extradite him, as is Sweden. Is there a chance that there could be competing claims against him here?","Yeah. The big question is who's going to get the chance to speak to him first?And Swedish prosecutors at their press conference - they basically said, we're going to let the U. K.  decide, but it could well be that it's down to the home secretary in the U. K. , the interior minister, to decide which of the countries he thinks has a more pressing case. Should it be the rape charges, or should it be the hacking classified military secrets in the U. S. ?","And there are also time considerations here. Tell us about the statute of limitations.","Yeah. In Sweden, there's a certain time limit for different kinds of crimes. And for rape, it's 10 years. So there's about a year to go before that statute of limitation limit is reached, which means there really is a time squeeze on authorities."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"a time squeeze on authorities\" implies that there is not a lot of time before that statute of limitation limit is reached, not that time is actually squeezed.","questions":"How does the statement \"a time squeeze on authorities\" imply the situation regarding the statute of limitations?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["It's been an exciting year for developments in space. Just earlier this week, SpaceX successfully landed a 15-story tall section of one of their rockets back on Earth. And joining me to discuss what's been going on off our planet during 2015 is NPR science correspondent Geoff Brumfiel. So explain exactly what happened that a part of the rocket returned.","In some sense, this was just another rocket launch for SpaceX. You know, they sent 11 communication satellites into orbit. What really makes this special is what happened to the big first stage of the rocket. Now, normally this would just fall back to Earth. But this time, SpaceX flipped it around and then flew it back to near the launch site and actually landed it. They fired the engines a second time and it sort of floated down onto the pad. It was pretty spectacular to watch.","The space pad looks big when you're looking at it on the Earth. But from space, it must be a tiny dot.","Yeah, I mean SpaceX describes it as trying to shoot a pencil over the Empire State Building, have it turn around and land in a shoebox vertically. That's how hard this is."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The use of the word \"exciting\" suggests that the developments in space during 2015 were particularly noteworthy or significant.","questions":"Which word did SpaceX use to describe the rocket's landing difficulty?","answer":"Hard"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Well, Mayor Belangia, good luck. I hope I see Oriental someday. It sounds like a lovely place.","Please do. You will fall in love with it.","And I'll bring a loaf of bread for you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is expressing well-wishes to Mayor Belangia, but may not actually intend to visit Oriental or bring bread. The statement is likely meant to be polite or humorous.","questions":"What is the PersonA's intention behind offering to bring a loaf of bread?","answer":"Humorous"}
{"text":["So we shall see.","But I have learned a new phrase - brass-necked. Our own brass-necked Melissa Block is covering the World Cup.","(Laughter) I'm not sure if that's a compliment, Steve. But thanks.","I don't know. If it means tough, if it means on top of things, it is you, Melissa. Own it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Melissa Block is bold and confident in her reporting.","questions":"What phrase did PersonB learn to describe Melissa Block's reporting style?","answer":"Reporting"}
{"text":["Well, that might be true. But I just think to put someone on a list for leering - to put that word on a list as an accusation is a pretty strong statement. This is a list being circulated in the business. This is a list meant to affect people's reputations and their careers. Another thing was something like leading multiple women on online was one of the charges on that list. And you know, that's a pretty common thing. And I would say leering's a pretty common thing. So do we really want to put that in writing and like besmirch somebody's reputation over something like that?I don't know.","But should it be a pretty common thing?","Well, these are sort of sleazy behaviors. And maybe they should not. But I'm just not sure these are criminal acts. And I suppose what I want to do is kind of separate what's a real abuse of power or a criminal act from what is kind of like everyday sleazy behavior that we wish wouldn't happen. I mean, we wish it wouldn't happen. But do we want people to lose their jobs over it?","In this article, you write at length about about Lorin Stein, who was until a few weeks ago the editor of Paris Review, who has acknowledged behavior he says he regrets. And you point out the fact that he has has nurtured and supported the careers of many successful women writers. Does one justify the other?Can you expect to get exonerated on that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Distinguishing between criminal acts and sleazy behavior, and whether people should lose their jobs over it.","questions":"How does PersonA suggest separating behavior that should result in job loss from everyday sleazy behavior?","answer":"Separating"}
{"text":["I mean, of course, we don't know yet. But, yes, you can imagine this could present some big challenges they have to deal with. I mean, one big thing the - most glaring thing everyone's talking about today - is that this could serve for some voters as a reminder of Bernie Sanders' age. He is 78. The campaign is ramping up. It's only going to intensify. Campaigning is really exhausting. And so this might not rattle the diehard Sanders fans out there, but there are voters who exist - I have talked to them, my colleagues have - voters who are concerned about nominating or electing someone who is of advanced age. And so this could affect how those voters feel. And now, let's keep in mind, of course, that two of Sanders' main rivals - Senator Elizabeth Warren, former Vice President Joe Biden - they're themselves in their 70s. Now, the additional. . .","As is the president who they'd be running against, President Trump, so yeah.","Exactly, yes. And, you know, the additional challenge is that Sanders is going to want to talk about other things. He just put up some great campaign finance numbers, a new income inequality tax plan. So the next debate - October 15 - that's what we're going to be looking at to see, you know, if he can look strong, remind people of how passionate he is. That's an opportunity to put all of this behind him.","That is NPR's Danielle Kurtzleben."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Everyone is talking about something that no one can deny as everyone sees it. It might not upset people who like Bernie Sanders and make them want to vote for someone else.","questions":"Which potential factor might affect how some voters feel about nominating or electing someone who is of advanced age?","answer":"Age"}
{"text":["There's a group of Americans who've been dubbed the Young Invincibles. They're not, of course. But they are young, healthy and people the administration needs to buy health coverage under the Affordable Care Act. The new health insurance exchanges opened October 1st and officials want at least 2. 7 million of the seven million estimated new enrollees to fall inside that 18 to 35 age range to keep insurance rates low.","The president and Hollywood stars have made special appeals to this group, nicely reminding them that those who choose not to enroll have to pay a fine. In 2011, over 18 million of these young adults were not insured for health care.","We spoke with Lisa Dubay, a fellow at the Urban Institute, about why many have not had coverage.","Only about 11 percent of the uninsured Young Invincibles aren't purchasing coverage because they think they don't need it. Most of them are saying they're not purchasing coverage because it's unaffordable. So I'm not convinced that they're not going to enroll. I think they probably will enroll. If the rates are good and they look like they're going to be low with the subsidies, I think that we will get Young Invisibles to come in. And they have a lot of options."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) B: There's a group of Americans who've been dubbed the Young Invincibles. They're not, of course. But they are young, healthy and people the administration needs to buy health coverage under the Affordable Care Act.  The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is introducing a group of Americans who are referred to as the Young Invincibles, and clarifying that they are not actually invincible. However, the implied meaning could be that the speaker is trying to downplay the idea that young people are invincible and don't need health insurance, in order to encourage them to enroll in the Affordable Care Act. The speaker may also be using irony to draw attention to the fact that even though these young people are not invincible, they may feel that way and be hesitant to enroll in health insurance.","questions":"What is the name given to the group of Americans that the administration needs to buy health coverage under the Affordable Care Act?","answer":"YoungInvincibles."}
{"text":["Well, many of the discussions I've had with other educators is that many times, we have to have a partner - or if we are single, that our partner's income supports our teaching habits, if you will. Certified teachers with master's degrees teaching in their district for 15 years are still making around $30,000 to $35,000 within their district. To have that amount of education and that amount of experience and be paid that wage, that's not a livable wage.","Arizona is a right-to-work state, which means unions don't have much power to negotiate there. Kentucky, West Virginia, Oklahoma are, too. These are all states with Republican legislatures. And we've seen actions by teachers recently in those states, as well. Do you wish you had a union speaking for you?Would that be an answer?","The reason why I got involved was because of the teacher-led grassroots movement. We have been supported by other organizations. Arizona Education Association, which is our union - our teacher union here in the state - have been supporting us. Do I wish that a union was representing us?I'm glad that they are supporting us.","Why do you think this is happening now in places like Kentucky and West Virginia and Oklahoma and now Arizona?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Certified teachers are not paid enough for their education and experience.","questions":"How much are certified teachers with master's degrees making within their district?","answer":"Insufficient"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And there is a risk, from the government's point of view, that if they aren't seen to act, then the Bharatiya Janata Party, the BJP, which is a Hindu nationalist party which has been in power before, might appear to be a better option because it is tougher on this sort of subject.","Congress has not really got it together. They don't have a good national leader. And there isn't - the government isn't showing the drive and the command that the people are increasingly wanting.","John Elliott is a writer in Delhi, India. He writes for Fortune magazine, and he also keeps a blog called \"Riding the Elephant. \"Thank you, John.","Thanks very much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The government is not providing strong leadership, which is causing dissatisfaction among the people.","questions":"What is causing dissatisfaction among the people?","answer":"Government"}
{"text":["The regime does blame rebels for escalating this bout of violence. And, as you say, there's a lot at stake here. It's a place that's swollen with civilians. A lot of people who've fled the fighting elsewhere in the country have taken refuge here, and aid workers are saying it would be a catastrophe if a full war took hold here.","Oh, this is amazing. So this is where a lot of people who have fled violence arrived in huge numbers, thinking that this might be their one last safe. . .","Right.",". . . Space. And if there are that many civilians there - like, what do we know about these airstrikes so far?How badly are civilians being hit?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The airstrikes are hitting civilians and causing harm","questions":"Which group is being harmed by the airstrikes?","answer":"civilians"}
{"text":["Right, and how ironically that they were announced during Small Business Week - (laughter) - on top of everything else.","I didn't know that it was a Small Business Week. Tiffany, what is your best-selling luggage line there?","Right. Well, we - kind of the example I've used is, you know, so if we had a piece of luggage on our store that was at $400 and, you know, has now gone up to $440, but that $400 piece of luggage goes up to $500, then that becomes a really big price jump.","So how are you feeling?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer","questions":"What was the example used by A?","answer":"luggage"}
{"text":["The way I coped with these disasters was seeing myself as the hero of my own story and thinking oh, okay, in the story, the guy survives. He doesn't kill himself. He doesn't commit himself to a mental hospital. He actually survives and thrives and overcomes these obstacles.","And in addition to that, you've also had kidney problems, and you talk really frankly about just how much strength it took you to do really basic things because you were constantly dealing with your body rebelling against you.","Yeah, I'm going through that right now. I'm on the top of the list for a transplant now, and I don't really want a transplant right now because I'm doing all right. So at this point, I'm kind of bring it on. I'm just, you know, I can take it.","What about the good stuff?There are many good things in your life, and two of them are Eva and Chet(ph), your kids. What are they like?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"bring it on\" is an idiomatic expression meaning to welcome or accept a challenge, even if it is difficult.","questions":"What is the idiomatic expression used by \"A\" to describe their attitude towards a transplant?","answer":"Bring"}
{"text":["Klay Thompson has made it very, very clear that despite the injury, he wants to stay there and that the Warriors have pretty much said that they're going to reward him as well for playing his guts out. He belongs with that team. The Warriors aren't going to be what they were, but, eventually, when those injuries are clear, they're still going to be a really good team.","Wimbledon begins next week. What are you watching for?","I'm watching for two things, and I'm really looking for Ashleigh Barty. I'm actually watching her in a couple of ways. One, she has the chance to become the first Indigenous player, obviously from Australia, to become world No. 1. She can do that tomorrow if she wins in the final at Birmingham. She can also - when Wimbledon begins, she can become the first Indigenous woman since Evonne Goolagong, also who was No. 1 in 1976.","My favorite player as a youth, yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are going to reward him for playing as hard as he could despite his injury.","questions":"Which player does Ashleigh Barty have the chance to become if she wins in the final at Birmingham?","answer":"WorldNo.1"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So what originally did the Consumer Product Safety Commission say was wrong with this stroller?","They were concerned about the front wheel of the stroller. It's a three-wheeled stroller, and they were concerned with the wheel falling off suddenly. It's attached to the stroller with a quick release, the same thing that attaches the wheels on bicycles. And so parents would be out running, jogging with their strollers, their kid in the middle. And the wheel would spontaneously fall off.","So the agency spent months investigating. And in 2017, they decided that Britax should recall the stroller, that it wasn't safe. And they even sued to try and force the company to recall the stroller. Tell us why that didn't happen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Thank you\" is a polite expression of gratitude. Its meaning is literal and straightforward.","questions":"Which expression did PersonA use to express gratitude?","answer":"Thank"}
{"text":["A couple of questions: Does a planet have to be like, quote-unquote, \"like Earth\" for it to be habitable?","Oh absolutely not, absolutely. The biology extremophiles can exist over a wide range of temperatures and salinities and pressures and such. So no, it doesn't have to be like Earth. But that makes it easier for us to imagine that there might be life as we know it.","What's interesting to me, exciting to me, is the prospect of perhaps these stars are very close, are they not?They're. . .","These are some of the closest stars. This one is the 19th closest star to us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The stars are not actually very close to Earth. The implication is that they are closer to Earth and its Sun than other stars.","questions":"Which star is the 19th closest to us?","answer":"N\/A"}
{"text":["You know, it's quite clear that it is a cherry-picked narrative. But reading it makes you wonder if that's an insult to cherries.","(Laughter) Which, after all, have many valuable antioxidants. Before it was released, a lot of Democrats said the result of releasing the memo would be catastrophic. Last night and today, many Democrats seem to be saying, is that all you got?Are you kidding?","Well, for some, it's more a dud than a slam dunk. But at the same time, of course, the Democrats want to release their own memo - their critique memo - their response or rebuttal. And that's going to be the big focus when we get back here on Monday.","Rod Rosenstein - long for his position in the Justice Department?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Rod Rosenstein - long for his position in the Justice Department?\" Implicated meaning: The speaker is using a play on words to express their opinion on Rod Rosenstein's future in the Justice Department. \"Long\" can mean both \"having worked in a position for a long time\" and \"desiring something strongly.\" The speaker suggests that Rosenstein may be both reluctant to leave his position and actively seeking to stay in it.","questions":"How does the speaker imply Rosenstein's attitude towards his position?","answer":"Reluctant"}
{"text":["Here's a trivia question for you and I will let you go. There is a president, a former president, who is also - he's also joining this list of 25 recordings. Can you guess which president it was?","In recent history or past. . . ?","Recent.","Is it Bill Clinton?Because I know he did like. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B confirms that the president is a recent one and hints at Bill Clinton being the right answer.","questions":"How does PersonB suggest the answer to PersonA's question about the former president joining the list of 25 recordings?","answer":"Hint."}
{"text":["So, you know, Emily, when your sister is in and out of the hospital, and you're bringing her books, you talk about teaching her about emotions. Can you just give an example of what you mean by that?Like, what is a conversation you had to have with your sister?","Well, it mostly happened, like, your emotions are biological events that happen in your body. It's physiological, real. Emotions are not just in your head. They are all over your body, in your chemistry. So she's reading these books, and she sees the word rage on the page and spontaneously bursts into sobs. And she calls me on the phone, and is like, your book here says that feelings are physical.","I was like, you're a choral conductor who expresses emotion through your body. You practice yoga. And she still, sort of, had not put it together that just because you've dealt with the stressors, that doesn't mean that you've dealt with the physical event of the stress in your body.","One of the lessons in your book is about completing the stress cycle. I loved this analogy of yours, this idea of a lion. Explain the concept of completing the stress cycle through the lion, Emily."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Managing stress requires dealing with its physical effects on the body.","questions":"How does managing stress involve addressing what type of effects on the body?","answer":"Physical"}
{"text":["So if there is somebody out there listening, and I'm sure there are people who are over 70 or over 80, and who have thought, well, I'd like to go back and pick up that extra degree and - but I don't know if it's practical, why would you tell them that it's something that's good to do?","First thing, why would it not be practical?If it's something someone wants and something they had missed all of their lives, and they know as they're getting older that they're getting closer to the end of the line, it is something they want to do before they pass on. You know, you didn't come here to stay and you will perish. So if that's the last thing you wanted to do, then I should do it. But first, I want to remind you that you must have good health, you must have good stamina and the interest has to be there. If the interest is not there, forget about it; you're wasting your time.","And as far as health goes, what's your best advice for how to stay healthy?","First, I would like to say I have never had a headache in my life. I don't take no medications for nothing. All my vital signs are good. You have to pay attention to what you eat, not eat too much fat, watch your salt intake, watch your alcohol intake, stay away from drugs and smoking."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"You didn't come here to stay and you will perish.\" - This turn is a figurative expression and means that we all have a limited time on earth and will eventually die. It does not have a literal meaning.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue uses a figurative expression to convey the message that we all have limited time on earth?","answer":"Turn1"}
{"text":["The problem is 90 percent of space in our military is in the Air Force. So what we're basically going to be doing is taking the current infrastructure - for example, Space Command in Colorado Springs will become the headquarters for the Space Corps. We're talking about taking the people that we need to take that deal with space and segregating them into a culture that appreciates them.","The Air Force has pushed back on this. The Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson said, quote, \"the Pentagon is complicated enough. This will make it more complex, add more boxes to the organization chart and cost more money. \"Is she wrong?","She's absolutely wrong. The bureaucracy is always going to fight reform - always, especially the Pentagon. They're fighting this because they don't want Congress meddling. You know, what I've told her is, in 16 years, the Air Force has not changed a thing. And they've got us in this situation now where Russia and China have become near peers. They're close to surpassing us. What we're proposing would change that.","I think what some people would say is that we are cooperating with the Russians on the International Space Station. Should space be the new frontier of warfare, or should it actually be a place where, indeed, these cooperations flourish?After all, we are all on one planet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"add more boxes to the organization chart\" - This phrase implies that creating a new branch of the military focused on space would not only make the military more complex, but also increase its bureaucracy by adding more layers of hierarchy and management.","questions":"Which aspect of the military reform would increase bureaucracy?","answer":"Hierarchy"}
{"text":["Well, we'll have to wait and see. The purpose, obviously, is to send a signal that those members of the armed forces that choose to work with the opposition, if they are under sanctions, will have those sanctions lifted. And those who might be facing sanctions would not face them if they chose to work with the opposition. We're going to have to wait and see how that's received.","How important is the support that this government has received from Cuba, and Russia and maybe other countries, as well?","It's important. On the Cuban side, some of the support has been exaggerated in terms of numbers. But without a doubt, the support they provide in the area of counterintelligence has been critical to. . .","They send intelligence agents to help work the streets of Caracas, or wherever."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is not yet known how the sanctions will be received","questions":"Which signal is meant to be sent through lifting the sanctions for members of the armed forces who choose to work with the opposition?","answer":"Opposition"}
{"text":["Times like this, when the economies of states are in default, can states really afford this?","I really don't think they can, and in many, many states, legislatures are starting to agree with that idea and to really rethink their priorities. I mean, every dollar that you spend building and running a prison is a dollar that's not spent on a public university or healthcare or roads and bridges. At this point, Kansas, Texas and at least 11 other states are taking a very serious look at how to try out some new strategies that will curb their prison population, shrink the number of people behind bars so they can save a little money, reduce some recidivism and have money for other budget priorities.","Well, back up and tell us how we got here, because in your article you say in 1970 our prisons held fewer than 200,000 people. What happened?","A number of things happened. But primarily, it's what's called our nation's war on drugs. And I say so-called war on drugs, because, you know, we like to use that metaphor all the time on everything. But essentially a new host of sentencing practices took hold in the early '70s and spread across the country. Mandatory minimum sentences, meaning that the amount of drugs involved in a particular crime would affect the severity of the punishment. So even if you're a low-level drug mule, for example, the amount of drugs you were carrying was going to ensure that you get a very large sentence, perhaps even more than a drug king pin if that person was caught without a lot of drugs."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The war on drugs has resulted in the implementation of harsh sentencing practices.","questions":"What is the primary reason for the increase in the number of people in prison since 1970?","answer":"Sentencing-practices"}
{"text":["The New York Mets lost 7 to 1 to the Milwaukee Brewers on Wednesday, but the real loser was their mascot, Mr.  Met. Mr.  Met has a huge white baseball of a head dappled with red stitching and embellished with a perpetual grin.","But as he left the playing field Wednesday night, Mr.  Met flipped a middle finger to a group of fans who posted it on Twitter - busted, Mr.  Met. The club apologized, and the team employee in the Mr.  Met costume that night has reportedly not returned. There were reports that fans heckled him, which fans deny.","The Mr.  Mets middle finger controversy poses a physical and philosophical question. Mr.  Met has four fingers on each hand. How can you say that any of them is a middle finger?Anyway, flipping the bird in New York, isn't that just how they say good morning in Queens?","(Singing) Well, everybody's heard about the bird - bird, bird, bird, the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, don't you know about the bird?Well, everybody knows that the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, the bird's the word. . ."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  the figurative use of the phrase \"flipping the bird\" and the phrase's implication in New York City, respectively.","questions":"What poses a physical and philosophical question about the Mr. Mets middle finger controversy?","answer":"Mr.Met"}
{"text":["What do your members want?","Well, they want the right to sit down and negotiate their terms and conditions of employment with the university. And just like any other workers, they have serious concerns about the way they're paid, how much they're paid, what their benefits are and how they resolve problems on the job. So these workers, you know, see an advantage to having the opportunity to sit down as equals at the bargaining table.","It sounds like they want more money and more benefits?","Well, certainly, those are key issues. But they're not the entire set of issues that they have, you know?There have been longstanding problems at the university in, you know, getting paid on time, getting ability to resolve a problem with your supervisor, dealing with issues of sexual harassment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The workers are looking for more than just monetary benefits and want to ensure they are being treated fairly and have the right to negotiate their terms.","questions":"What are the concerns of the workers besides monetary benefits?","answer":"Getting,Resolve,Sexual"}
{"text":["What does the president want?Do we know?","That is the question. And it seems to be constantly changing. On Tuesday at the White House meeting, the president told lawmakers essentially, if you come up with a compromise, I'll sign what you send me. And so they did come up with a. . .","Yeah, he said I'll sign it. I'll take the heat. Yeah.","Exactly. And so they thought they had done that. And he rejected it. The White House has never put a particularly fine policy detail on what they want. I think it's fair to say he wants a win. And on this issue, it's tough for him because he needs to be able to bring something back to his base on a key issue in his campaign but also come up with a deal that Democrats can vote for."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Interracial interactions can be negatively impacted by implicit racial biases that individuals may not even be aware they possess, highlighting the importance of awareness and education around these biases to promote understanding and positive interactions.","questions":"How can implicit racial biases impact interracial interactions?","answer":"Negatively"}
{"text":["The president said Mr.  Bolden, has there ever been a negro on the White House detail protecting and guarding the president of the United States?I said not to my knowledge, Mr.  President. He said, would you like to be the first one?I said yes, sir, Mr.  President.","And he said, I'll be looking forward to seeing you in Washington, D. C. , and that's how I happened to be appointed to the White House detail.","You had that moment, this incredible moment, and then you write very early in the narrative, in the book, about an agent who was not so friendly. You describe him saying I'm going to tell you something, and I don't want you to ever forget it. You're a (censored). You were born a (censored), and when you die, you'll still be a (censored). So act like one.","What did you really face when it came to dealing with your colleagues?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Would you like to be the first one implies that the president already knew there had never been a negro on the White House detail","questions":"How did the president imply there had never been a negro on the White House detail?","answer":"Asked`"}
{"text":["At some point, it does cross your mind and you do worry about contracting the illness, but there are only fleeting moments. We have to concentrate on the patients here to provide them with appropriate medical care, but also to make sure our outreach program of finding cases, of following up of contacts is performed in a comprehensive manner so that we can bring this outbreak to a close.","I don't want to the leave the conversation with you without asking what can the world do as far as you're concerned?","We need an organization that can provide some leadership across multiple countries in the region of West Africa. To date, we have not seen that occurring. And if we don't find the cases in the community, and we don't do the contact tracing, this outbreak will linger on for months and months. Solving outbreaks is not rocket science. It just requires those features I have described previously. But unfortunately, they're not being applied in an appropriate manner at the moment to reach the world.","Dr.  Gabriel Fitzpatrick of Doctors Without Borders - Medecins Sans Frontieres. Thanks very much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The literal meaning of this turn is a simple question, but the implied meaning is that the speaker wants to know what actions can be taken to address the issue being discussed and is seeking guidance or suggestions.","questions":"How can the PersonA's request in turn 1 be described?","answer":"Actions"}
{"text":["From NPR News, it's Day to Day. Later tonight, I will be hosting dinner at my house with friends I invited, which hopefully will keep the meal mellow because we all tend to see eye to eye on most things.","But not everyone is as lucky. If you find yourself sharing a table today with family or friends who don't share your political views, well, fret not. Slate. com's chief political correspondent John Dickerson has put together some ammunition to help you should the conversation turn to politics. He joins us now from his home in Washington, D. C.  Hi, John.","Hello. Happy Thanksgiving.","And to you as well. John, you have for Slate provided backup to both sides of the argument on a number of topics. Let's start off with the financial crisis. Now, let's say that your Aunt Edna is a Democrat and your cousin Joe is a Republican. What argument can each of them make over the pumpkin pie as to who's to blame for all this mess?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : If you have a Thanksgiving dinner with family and friends who disagree with you politically, don't worry because John Dickerson can help with some talking points.","questions":"Which holiday is being celebrated in the dialogue?","answer":"Thanksgiving"}
{"text":["Tomorrow marks the end of the longest presidential campaign to date. This election looks like it might break all voter turnout records, and plenty of civil and voting rights groups are out there working to make sure you have a place to turn if you're having trouble voting. One of them is the NAACP. In September, Benjamin Jealous became the youngest man to lead the country's oldest and largest civil rights organization. He's got plenty of information about how to protect your vote. Ben, how are you?","I'm doing well.","So you are the head of this storied organization that has had so much to do with African-Americans in voting. You think about where we've been in the past decade with the contested 2000 election. What should people know firstoff about going to the polls and doing it in a way that protects their vote?","You know, there's really two things that I say to folks. You know, first is that you should be prepared, you know. You should really think about the time you need and make sure, you know, if you need to have somebody to watch the kids that you just take care of it. This is one of the most important things that you'll do in the next year, and just be prepared."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to break records means that a previous record was taken away by a new record","questions":"Which election is being referred to as the longest presidential campaign in turn 0?","answer":"current"}
{"text":["A whistleblower has told Congress that at least 25 people were granted security clearances by the Trump administration after career employees recommended denying those clearances. Those 25 include two current senior White House officials. The whistleblower's name is Tricia Newbold. She's an 18-year career employee who currently works at the Personnel Security Office. That's the office that recommends for or against granting security clearances to members of the administration. She gave these details in private testimony to the House Oversight Committee last month.","Joining me now is a member of that committee, Jamie Raskin, Democrat from Maryland. Welcome.","I'm delighted to be with you.","So Tricia Newbold flags three particular instances involving senior White House officials who are kept anonymous. Can you tell us a little more about these officials who were initially denied security clearances but those decisions were overruled?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Flags\" does not mean that Tricia Newbold actually used flags to indicate the instances involving senior White House officials. Instead, it implies that she drew attention to these instances or brought them to the committee's notice. This is an example of a figurative or idiomatic use of language where the intended meaning is different from the literal meaning of the words used.","questions":"Which word in PersonB's turn 3 implies that Tricia Newbold did not use flags to indicate the instances involving senior White House officials?","answer":"Flags"}
{"text":["I think you maybe missed your calling as a cybercriminal, Scott. Criminals are always looking to, what is the formula that makes paying the ransom worth it to the person who I'm attacking?So I'm absolutely certain that you're right that you will see an uptick in at least attempts to do this in other cities.","Cities have computer experts, right?Shouldn't they be avoiding these attacks somehow?","I think it's a pretty sensitive issue. In the case of Baltimore, the mayor came out and publicly blamed the National Security Agency for having lost some exploits several years ago that had resulted in the attack that they sustained. But at the same time, there had been a patch available that the city hadn't put in place.","You know, nationwide, there was an enormous lack of people with cybersecurity skills. City governments aren't known for their enormously high salaries. So I think you'll see the competition at tech firms, at big banks making it very hard for these cities to have enough people in place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : missed your calling  implies not to follow one's talent or gift in destiny ","questions":"How did PersonA describe the formula that cybercriminals use to make paying the ransom worth it?","answer":"Formula"}
{"text":["Well, the justification I think is a good one for nonprofit organizations like Scholarly Societies that really do operate on pretty much a cost recovery model. The commercial ventures, though, that have the profit margins in the 30 and 40 percent range, there really is no justification. They're profit-maximizing businesses, which is fine. The question is, should such businesses be built around information that's vital to the public's good and the public's health?","When these scholars do articles, who gets - do they get any of that money?","They're unpaid. The authors of these articles traditionally contribute the work of writing the articles, the work of reviewing and verifying the information, and they're not paid.","I can see why universities might feel that they were paying too much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker discusses the justification for nonprofit organizations and questions whether profit-maximizing businesses should be based on important information for the public's good and health. Implied Meaning: The speaker is criticizing profit-maximizing businesses that rely on vital public information, suggesting that there is no valid justification for their high profit margins.","questions":"What is the speaker questioning in turn 0?","answer":"Profitability"}
{"text":["It probably had more to do with Moore - Roy Moore - and his unique trainload of baggage. But it's still hard not to compare it to what happened back in 2010 when Scott Brown was elected in Massachusetts, taking Teddy Kennedy's seat. And this was at about the same point in President Obama's first term.","That really changed the mood on Capitol Hill. It did not stop the passage of Obamacare, but it signaled a big turnover in Congress in the next elections. And we could be heading into a correction here in the other direction under President Trump.","NPR's Ron Elving. Thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) implies politeness and acknowledgement,  (4) implies that the conversation is continuing.","questions":"How did PersonA respond to PersonB's statement?","answer":"Thanked"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah. And then tomorrow, let's focus more on the hammer (tapping piano hammers).","That pounds the strings.","Yeah. And then let's focus more on the keys the day after (playing piano).","He did this while explaining why he is returning to compositions he played as a child. Lang Lang is a concert pianist for whom almost no composition seems too difficult.","Yet his latest album, \"Piano Book,\" features much simpler classics, tunes many adults recall trying to play in piano lessons and that Lang Lang played growing up in China."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"Yet his latest album, 'Piano Book,' features much simpler classics, tunes many adults recall trying to play in piano lessons and that Lang Lang played growing up in China.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that Lang Lang's latest album features simpler classical music that many adults tried to play in piano lessons and that Lang Lang played when he was growing up. The actual meaning is that Lang Lang is showcasing his roots and paying tribute to the music that inspired him as a child, rather than just playing difficult pieces to show off his technical skills.","questions":"How is Lang Lang's latest album different from his previous ones?","answer":"Simpler"}
{"text":["OK. So let me break down - let me ask you to break down what that means. What is the yield curve, and what does it mean when it's inverted?","So the yield curve represents interest rates at different maturities. So usually, it's the case that a longer-term interest rate has a higher rate than a short-term interest rate. So think of a certificate of deposit at your bank. If you lock your money up for five years, you expect to get a higher rate than, let's say, locking it up for six months.","But in certain rare situations, things get backwards, and it turns out that the long-term interest rate is lower than the short-term rate. And that's called an inverted yield curve. That's exactly the situation we've got right now. And it is a harbinger of bad news.","So unemployment is at a 50-year low. The GDP is growing. Does that have an effect on the yield curve?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : harbinger it implies to announce or to precede ","questions":"Which term describes an event that announces or precedes something?","answer":"harbinger"}
{"text":["His team had not made the playoff for three years, and his defense was awful. Now, you could say, Mike Shanahan, he's supposed to be good at offense. But as the head coach, it's your responsibility. And also, Mike Shanahan was the GM, the general manager of his team. So he was in charge of picking all the players.","Sometimes, when a coach is both the GM and the coach, an owner will say, we're going to strip you of that GM responsibility, and the coach usually chafes. A famous coach, Bill Parcells, once likened it to, they want me to cook the food, but they won't let me buy the groceries.","Romeo Crennel had about a three-sentence statement about his firing. He was the former coach of the Browns. One of the sentences was this. It says it all. I did not win enough games. So I must move on. That's it.","I wonder if Leo Tolstoy could have written that."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Referring about Leo Tolstoy work reference from Romeo Crennel's statement.","questions":"How does PersonB feel about Romeo Crennel's statement?","answer":"Sarcastic"}
{"text":["Oh, no. I love grapefruit.","(Laughter).","It's one of the best things in the world.","Seriously?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Seriously? could mean that B is surprised, does not believe, or is challenging A's statement.","questions":"What is the possible reason for PersonB's response in turn 1?","answer":"Disbelief"}
{"text":["Do the crime, do the time, that's the old line, right?But convicted perpetrators are still afforded basic human rights while serving out their debt to society. The Southern Center for Human Rights recently filed suit on behalf of a group of prisoners in Decatur, Alabama. The presiding judge describes the county jail as, quote, \"A Slave Ship. \"There, the sheriff is accused of starving his prisoners so he could pocket the profits off a lean kitchen budget. Joining us is Lisa Kung, the executive director of the Southern Center for Human Rights. Hi, Lisa.","Hi, how are you?","I'm good. So this case has just stunned people across the world. I couldn't believe it myself when I read about it. But I understand that there is a Depression-era law on the books that made this kind of profiteering legal. Tell us about the law and the details of the case.","Sure. That's right. Alabama has this arrangement where the state pays $1. 75 a day to the sheriffs - directly to the sheriffs for every person they have in his or her jail. Now, you and I know it's hard enough to come up with three meals a day for $1. 75, and what makes Alabama special is that it allows these sheriffs to take any of the money that they don't spend on food and put it straight into their own pocket."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The law allowed sheriffs to profit from starving prisoners","questions":"How did the law benefit the sheriffs?","answer":"profit"}
{"text":["OK.","OK.  Palace Council?","Well, the term palace council in the title is left as a semi-mystery to the reader, but I'll give a bit of a clue. It's a clue to the structure of the conspiracy that Eddie and Aurelia spend the book trying to tease out. The conspiracy that I mentioned influenced the highest levels of American government. I kind of like the name, because the idea of a palace council is the advisors behind the throne, rather than the people exercising authority. And that's, of course, how the powerful families in this book see themselves.","Agony?","The term Agony in the novel is the name of a radical, left-underground group in the 1960s that blows things up. I made up the name, but not the idea. Eddie's sister, Junie (ph), disappears early in the novel, then turns up later on as a member of this radical, underground group, and Eddie spends most of the novel really trying to search for his sister. For him the conspiracy isn't central, for him his sister is central. Aurelia, my other protagonist, is trying to track down the conspiracy. Eddie runs into the conspiracy while trying to track down his sister."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Eddie's search for his sister is more important than the conspiracy","questions":"How does Eddie prioritize his search for his sister compared to the conspiracy?","answer":"sister"}
{"text":["Thank you. I - so each morning in my newsletter, I include the schedules for all of the 2020 presidential candidates. And so I'm kind of, you know, kind of scouring the Web to make sure that I can keep on top of all of them. And on Wednesday night, I stumbled upon a Facebook post from a county party in Iowa announcing that de Blasio would be coming there for the first stop on his presidential announcement tour. And that rings alarm bells since he hadn't announced yet. And so I tweeted out and was able to kind of pre-empt his announcement.","That is a huge scoop. And it's great sleuthing. I mean, it's amazing attention to detail. And you also put out your news on the same day you were taking a four-hour Advanced Placement exam, which is extraordinary. That must have been a lot of work.","It was. It was a big day, for sure.","You have been writing this newsletter since you were 9 years old. I mean, you've clearly been a journalism junkie for a long time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It was not a scoop but a finding out of information that could be shared with others.","questions":"Which was not a scoop?","answer":"Scoop"}
{"text":["And with a big picture on how Americans are voting on this long awaited day. We've got NPR's senior Washington editor, Ron Elving. Hey, Ron.","Hey, good to be with you, Farai.","Well, Senators Obama and John McCain cast their ballots in their home states today. So what kind of turnout are we seeing?","Big. Now we always say the turnout looks like it's heavy, and usually it turns out not to be so great. So take this with a grain of salt, but the anecdotal indicators are that we are seeing a lot of turnout, and let's remember that we've already had a big turnout election just in terms of how many people came out and voted early. More than we've ever seen before and by leaps and bounds. So when we put it all together, I think that most of the experts do expect that we will have at least 130 million American's votes cast this fall either early or today, and that that will be a new record by about eight million."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Big picture means a vast summary , meaning lots of information at once ","questions":"Which phrase does PersonA use to indicate that the turnout for voting is expected to be a record-breaking number?","answer":"New"}
{"text":["Ms.  C.  VIVIAN STRINGER (Basketball Coach, Rutgers University; Author, \"Standing Tall\"): I'm fine, Farai. How are you?","I'm doing great. Now in this book, you only really address the Imus controversy at the end because you have had so many different life experiences: coal-miner's daughter, integrated a cheerleading squad. What did you learn from your childhood?","You know, I learned that you have to stand up. You don't make excuses for the things that you don't have. You have to work hard. I try to have shortcuts, but you have to be willing to pay the price. And at the end of the day, you know, whatever happens, you must learn to define yourself and use your own measuring stick rather than that of others. And I thought that my parents were tremendous leaders and taught me how to stand up, and that's what I attempt to do with the young people that I'm working with now.","You really spend a lot of loving moments talking about your father, who sacrificed a lot for your family. He was a musician and took a job so that he could support you guys. What did you learn from him?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Personal responsibility, hard work, and self-acceptance are essential for success.","questions":"How are personal responsibility, hard work, and self-acceptance described as important in the dialogue?","answer":"Stand"}
{"text":["But I'm sure that there's something else that you want to share with us. You have your poems about California, poems about the blues.","I've got one. The once called \"Who I Am in Twilight. \"And it's a poem that is actually emblazoned on the sidewalk. And it's set in stone, as it were, on something called \"Poetry Walk\" in Berkeley, California. They put down on sidewalk, Addison Street, about a hundred poets', I think, work. So it's fun to go over there and see how posterity works, because always somebody has dropped some pizza on it, mashed out a cigarette on it, or something like that.","So don't live for posterity, live for now. But here it is. \"Who I am in Twilight. \"","Like John Lee Hooker, like Lightnin' Hopkins, like the blues himself. The Trickster Sonnet, hoedown, the tango, the cante jondo. Like blessed spirituals and ragas, custom-made. Like sagas. Like stories. Like slick, slow, sly, soliloquies sliding into dramas. Like crime and punishment. Like death and birth. Canal Street, New Orleans. Like the easy, erasable, troubled voices a whirling ceiling fan makes in deep summer nights in hot, un-heavenly hotels. Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee. Like the Mississippi River so deep and wide, you couldn't get a letter to the other side. Like Grand Canyon. Like Yosemite National Park. Like beans and cornbread. Like rest and recreation. Like love and like. I know we last. I know our bleeding stops."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's important to live in the moment rather than for posterity.","questions":"Which word emphasizes the importance of enjoying the present moment in turn 2?","answer":"Posterity"}
{"text":["As I don't have to tell you, because you helped negotiate the Paris Agreement, the United States pulled out more than a couple of years ago.","Well, actually, the United States can legally not pull out until November of next year. We, of course, certainly expect them to do so.","Be that as it may, what can be accomplished - how much does U. S.  withdrawal hurt?","Well, you know, the fact is that what you call a U. S.  withdrawal I call a national government withdrawal. I call it a White House withdrawal. It does not represent 100% of the U. S.  economy. Sixty percent of the U. S.  economy represented by many corporations, by many states and certainly by many financial institutions continue to decarbonize because they understand it is for their own good. It is for the strength of their economy and for commercial profitability in the case of corporations. The fact is that if the United States, as a central government, wants to leave the climate agreement and not continue the policies and the incentives for decarbonization, they're shooting themselves in the foot because other countries such as China, certainly, and perhaps even India are taking advantage of that vacuum and moving in."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The United States is hurting themselves by their own actions. China and India are taking advantage of the Paris Agreement and the large amount of people that are working to save the planet from climate change.","questions":"What countries are taking advantage of the Paris Agreement?","answer":"China"}
{"text":["But in those years these kids were acting, and only acting, and just acting. And they did have school, and lot of them had tutors, and do have, you know, a decent amount of education, but they don't have the kind of education that you get in a school, the kind of specialized education - they have a specialized education rather than a general one.","So I think that a lot of them don't really know what to do. And so it's hard to blame them for wanting to seize on this. I didn't want to do that. I didn't want to be a former child actor for the rest of my life, although in some ways I suppose I am. I am going to be that.","And all I can do is, you know, embrace it for what it was. I did have some wonderful experiences. Learn from the things that weren't so great and just try to get on from there.","We're talking with Mara Wilson, the recovering child actor, she describes herself, known for \"Matilda,\" \"Mrs.  Doubtfire\" and \"Miracle on 34th Street\" - now a writer in New York. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And yes, child actors are in a separate category but so are baseball players and ballet artists and violinists. There are all kinds of kids who specialize in certain things, become prodigies at it and later in life have to go on - well, there's this sort of career death."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : All they can do is accept what happened to them before.","questions":"What is the recovering child actor's current profession?","answer":"Writer"}
{"text":["You may have seen it. The photo has been everywhere on social media - a gunman, this week outside a federal courthouse in Dallas. It's one of those pictures that makes you wonder just how the photographer got it. The gunman appears to be only a few feet away from the camera, a military-style rifle in his hand. He's decked out in tactical gear, wearing a face mask with a hole for his eyes, and those eyes appear to be looking right into the camera.","Soon after the photo was taken, the gunman was shot dead by law enforcement. No one else was seriously injured. To hear the story of the photo, I spoke to the person who took it, Tom Fox of The Dallas Morning News. He told me about the moment he first heard the shooter.","There was about three quick shots. And at the time, it sounded like backfire.","Like of a car or something, you mean."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement from B implies that he was doubting how possible it was for the Photographer to have taken the shot while it appeared that he was so close to the Gunman.","questions":"How was PersonB reacting to the proximity of the gunman in the photo?","answer":"Doubting"}
{"text":["The parallels between the two men were extraordinary, and, of course, I didn't know that when I started researching the story. But every step of the way, there was something else that was a mirror image. They both pursued lofty goals in childhood. They both suffered love and loss as young men. They both lost their wives and were left with infant daughters at very young ages. They both embraced public service, and they both emerged as leaders. And the thing is that in another more enlightened time, they could've held the other's job.","It is also interesting. We mentioned Frederick Douglass, obviously the first generation of African-American leaders in this country. He met with President Lincoln, was - discussed the race issue several times during the Civil War with him, and it is Booker T.  Washington who sort of picks up the mantle, along with W.  E.  B. Du Bois.","They did. But it was interesting to me that Booker T.  Washington and Du Bois came from completely different positions. Slavery was not a concept to Booker T.  Washington. He lived it. Whereas Du Bois grew up in Massachusetts and had a - was born free and had a completely different experience. It was really Booker T.  Washington's mission to lead his people out of slavery. He was actually called the Negro Moses, and it was Du Bois' mission to lead them into the 20th century. If they had been able to work together in concert, I think that what they would've achieved would've been remarkable.","Yet they had tensions, well, I think, that continue to this day."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement implies that both men pursued a career in politics and held leadership positions, but not that they held the same political position or leadership role.","questions":"What is one thing that the two men in the dialogue have in common?","answer":"Leadership"}
{"text":["And, you know, I actually - I stumbled across an obituary from the New York Times for a Rough Rider, not even one of the famous Rough Riders. But it was from the '30s, and it went through his career. And it struck me that, you know, if here's a guy who's not even that famous, but he's significant enough that 40 - almost 40 years later, he gets an obituary in the New York Times. So what does that say about how famous and how significant these people were at the time?And what is that significance?So that really struck for me that match of thinking, OK, now I need to find the answer.","Well, were they hugely famous when the United States organized an army and invaded Cuba in 1898?","Absolutely. You know, there was this moment in 1898 where I think - and this is the significance of the war - is that it changed how America thinks about its military and about its role in the world. And it gave a positive spin to the idea that American can have a military and should go out into the world to intervene, to bring freedom.","And for a lot of people, even at the time - and editorialists wrote about this. They said the Rough Riders are emblematic of that new America, of this idea that we have this power and we have this - the strength and these values at home. And now we're going to arm them and take them out into the world. And to me, that resonates throughout the 20th century. Time after time, we do that same sort of thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The war in 1898 changed America's view of military intervention.","questions":"Which war changed America's view on military intervention?","answer":"1898"}
{"text":["Right. You have this really shocking statistic in your article where you say that personal consumption amounts to 70 percent of the American economy.","Yeah, that's right. Basically, we are the engine of our own economy. And for far too long apparently, we've just been swiping our Visa cards willy nilly and pumping up this economy. The worry is that when we stop doing that, which is what's happening, our economy is going to sag.","So you went out to see if it was sagging. You went to the Mall of America. What did you find?","The most ambitious mall in the United States, the mall that is doing the most to put you in the fugue state that allows you to spend. They're up against it at the Mall of America. What I found was a lot of people who weren't shopping all that much and a lot of people that were counting their pennies in a way that they never had before."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : We are the reason that there is an economy. We've been buying things with our Visa cards without a care. When we stop doing that the economy is going to go down.","questions":"How much does personal consumption amount to in the American economy?","answer":"70"}
{"text":["It's been extremely stressful, from anxiety to depression to panic, fear, anger. It's been a full palette of emotions. And I've paid my bills through the month of January. I applied for unemployment. I applied for many, many jobs, everything under the sun, from biotech lab work to retail to a fishing boat. I applied for at least 25 jobs.","The effect was building up on you, I guess.","Right, and just scrambling, panicking. What am I going to do?How am I going to pay my rent February 1?","Yeah, sounds like you enjoy your work."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : full palette of emotions means that there were many different emotions being felt","questions":"How would you describe the range of emotions PersonA has experienced?","answer":"Many"}
{"text":["Well, there's a big argument in the United States about this. There's one group of folks who think that engagement policy failed. We engaged with China from 1979 until about 2013 when Xi Jinping came into power. And the idea of engagement was that coevolution was in the American interest as well as in China's interest. And you could bring China along to be a responsible player to some degree.","Many hardliners in the United States government - and outside and including in the expert community - now claim that engagement was a sucker's game and that we have raised up a tiger which could now devour us. But there are different schools of thought about this, and many of us think that we still need to engage with China, albeit more strategically.","That image of raising a tiger that will devour us is very dramatic. Is that what we're talking about here?I mean, like, one or the other will triumph?","I don't think so. I'm actually borrowing from a Chinese phrase - (speaking Chinese) - you don't want to raise up a baby tiger because it grows up. But again, there are people like Steve Bannon and the Committee for the Present Danger: China, which now claim that China is an existential threat to the United States. And they're also claiming that the United States cannot coexist with the Chinese Communist Party, despite the fact that we've been doing so at least since 1949."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There are some groups who see China as a threat, but not everyone agrees with this assessment.","questions":"How do some groups view China?","answer":"Threat"}
{"text":["I wouldn't say a list of specific charges but some general charges. So the one that is the most specific is the claim that in 1996 she went on a spy mission to China to Guangxi province and, you know, spied for the FBI. And, I mean, there's a number of issues with that. I mean, one of them is that I have all kinds of evidence that Sandy did not go to China in 1996. I have the evidence of her passport. I have the evidence of her paystubs.","I mean, she was a full-time employee of the Houston Police Department as a secretary, a clerk typist, when she allegedly was doing the spy work. The paystubs show that she'd taken 11 hours off during the time in question. I've also got a newspaper article that she appeared in. So, I mean, we have a fair amount of evidence that shows that she was not in China in 1996.","Why would the Chinese government be interested in putting your wife in prison if there wasn't something that made them suspicious?","So this is not the police that investigate regular crimes. This is the, you know, China Ministry of State Security. This is a bunch of spies. They don't trust anybody. And in point of fact, I mean, they look at people involved in nonprofit work like my wife with a great deal of suspicion. And the fact of the matter is the state security has sent a number of people to the U. S.  to spy, and the FBI has been catching these people. And I am sure that the Ministry of State Security is just not very happy about that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the implied meaning is that the Chinese government has some reasons to suspect Sandy and may be looking for some evidence that would justify putting her in prison. ","questions":"Which government agency does PersonA mention in turn 3?","answer":"FBI"}
{"text":["But the important part for the corals is that these things are wonderful eating machines. They move slowly across the reef. They actually invert their stomach onto the corals and dissolve the coral tissue, you know, digesting it as they go. And they leave (technical difficulties) white behind them as they move forward.","So they're like little bulldozers.","Yeah, it's sort of like bulldozers. It's almost more like having a wave of people with flamethrowers going through the brush. You know, the coral physically is left behind, but it's all dead.","Do they have any natural enemies that might, you know, come out and eat them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They are not literally bulldozers, but they move like them.","questions":"Which machine do the corals view as wonderful eating machines?","answer":"bulldozer"}
{"text":["So in 1996, there was something called the Dickey Amendment. And that resulted in federal funding being taken away for gun violence research. Even after Newtown and after President Obama had issued the executive order for the CDC to be able to study the cause of gun violence, there's still been a lot of hesitation to do that. You know, gun violence is responsible for about as many deaths as sepsis is. But funding for gun violence research is equivalent to 0. 7 percent of the funding that's allocated for sepsis. When you think about this in the big picture, we have such a public health crisis that we're dealing with yet not enough research and evidence that's being put into the system to figure out how we can develop solutions that are going to really make a difference.","You've actually experienced this from the other end. You were shot when you were 17. Tell me what happened.","After a high school football game one evening, I was nearly killed after being shot in the throat with a 38-caliber bullet. A lot of 17-year-olds don't appreciate the fact that they're mortal, don't realize, you know, kind of the importance of their family and other aspects like that. And when that injury happened to me, it really changed my life. It inspired me to want to be able to give other people the same second chance that I was given.","Dr.  Joseph Sakran is the director of Emergency General Surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Gun violence is a major public health crisis but there is not enough funding for research to develop solutions","questions":"How much funding is allocated for gun violence research compared to sepsis?","answer":"0.7"}
{"text":["That is the wildest story.","Ah, this is just wonderful drama, and the fact that now he lands on Broadway?Oh, come on. I mean, this is probably going to carry us through December. You know, just hope he doesn't get hurt, then all of a sudden it's. . .","(Singing) Da, da, da, da. . .","You know?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The story is not wild but interesting or exciting.","questions":"What is the tone of PersonA's response to PersonB's statement?","answer":"Excited"}
{"text":["I think Napoleon hated him partly because he didn't like the fact that this 6-foot-plus, incredibly dashing and physically brilliant general was such a contrast to him in every way. Napoleon, the brilliant strategist. So Napoleon didn't like being showed up. Also, he didn't like being confronted. He hated that and Dumas was really somebody who couldn't stop from speaking his mind.","And in 1798, Napoleon leads what they call the Expedition to Egypt, which is the French invasion of the Egypt. And he confronted Napoleon and said, essentially, I think this is an unjust and ill-considered, crazy venture. We're losing thousands of men to disease and what are we trying to do?Bring an empire to the Middle East?that's not why I joined the Revolution. I joined the Revolution to bring liberty, equality and fraternity to people.","And that confrontation, which was a public confrontation, was something that Napoleon could never forgive.","How did General Dumas wind up in prison?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"Which invasion did Napoleon lead in 1798?","answer":"Egypt"}
{"text":["That's absolutely - and people are outraged at the written bylines. They just haven't taken that conversation from the words to the images.","You have cited a bombshell report in the Columbia Journalism Review by Kristen Chick. It documents assault, harassment, allegations against prominent men in the field. And you, I gather, were not surprised.","We all knew this. We all know how bad it's been. I've been in this industry for almost two decades. I've been paid less by men, overlooked on assignments that have been given to men. I've been groped and intimidated in the field and in the workplace by men. But I have been lucky for the most part. Kristen interviewed 50 women over five months, named two prominent photographers but, more importantly, detailed an industry that is rampant with physical, emotional, mental discrimination that is preventing women from being behind the camera, that is causing women to leave the industry but also that is signaling to women, this is the cost of business. This is what you have to accept if you want to do this job.","I want to drill down on one of the photojournalism agencies involved in these allegations. That's VII. It's an incredibly prominent agency, influential in the field. Can you remind us of what those allegations are about?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Not a shell of a bomb, but a very surprising bit of information that shocks people.","questions":"What does the report in the Columbia Journalism Review detail?","answer":"Assault"}
{"text":["I loved her tuna fish sandwiches, her spaghetti and meatballs. . .","Yeah, the tuna fish sandwiches, you write, she put pickle juice in them, you know, just gave it something a little bit different.","And to stretch it out as well, and that's the way I make it. My daughter loves it. That was my first experience of food, but I have great memories of the stuff I love that she made.","The big character though in this book, overarching, I think, everything, at least in the beginning, is a - is South Boston, Southie. It seems to be a fundamental part of who you are. Tell us about Southie."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  B: \"The big character though in this book, overarching, I think, everything, at least in the beginning, is a - is South Boston, Southie. It seems to be a fundamental part of who you are. Tell us about Southie.\"  The literal meaning of B's words is that the setting of the book is South Boston, and that this is an important part of the story. However, the implied meaning is that the setting is more than just a location, but rather a character in its own right, with its own personality and influence on the other characters.","questions":"How can South Boston be described in the book?","answer":"Character"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah. Hopefully, you know?So whereas in America, you know, you sort of smoothed the edges and you've just put, you know, you've put makeup on. That's what you've done. We're still in the very, you know, you still see all of our imperfections. Whereas in America you try to put a lot of makeup, but the imperfections are still there. And I find that that's the most interesting thing for me.","The changes that we've seen in South Africa over those 17 years are little short of phenomenal.","Yes. It's been amazing. It was a bloodless revolution, you know, because the difference has been - in America, black people have been fighting for their freedom and for their identity and so on, but as a minority. In South Africa, you had a white majority rule, ruling over \u2014 I mean, this is Africa. This is the home of black. It was the black factory. So I mean this is, you know, it was a very different story and never before has there been a bloodless revolution in Africa.","Is there much of a tradition of comedy in South Africa, particularly tweaking the powers that be?You don't think of John Vorster. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is asking about the tradition of political comedy in South Africa and whether there is a history of satirizing those in power. Implicated meaning: The speaker is curious about the role of comedy in South African politics and whether it has been used as a tool for dissent.","questions":"How does the speaker inquire about the role of political comedy in South Africa?","answer":"Comedy"}
{"text":["Yeah. We need to start thinking about them now, and people are thinking about it. There's researchers now who are working on thinking about stuff like how do you find a person who's DNA is really robust against radiation damage because of course radiation damage is a huge concern in space travel and in living on other worlds. And right now there are researchers who have gotten a little funding from NASA and a little funding from other sources to look at how does DNA repair itself after radiation damage and is there a variation between people. Are there some people who might be better suited for space travel or are there some sets of genes that make people better at dealing with that?","Well, Annalee, thank you for giving us optimism today about wiping out the - most of the people or life on Earth. Annalee Newitz is author of \"Scatter, Adapt, and Remember: How Humans Will Survive a Mass Extinction. \"Thank you very much, Annalee, for coming on this show.","Thank you for having me.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning is that the demise of all people on earth is not a reason to be optimistic.","questions":"Which feeling did Annalee give the audience about wiping out most of the people on Earth?","answer":"optimism"}
{"text":["Well, in a way, it was easy to not think about it, let's put it that way. After all, you know, the community had been tremendously traumatized by all this, so we were not in a mental situation to examine it or to think about it that much. I mean, people had to survive. But over the long haul, I do feel that because we had been subjected to something that was so totally outside of our control, one had to really internalize a lot of the, well, gee. You know, why did they do this to us?","And in my particular case, my parents decided that they no longer wanted to stay in this country, you know?So they signed up for what they called a repatriation. My father was not a citizen, so he had decided to go back to Japan. And for me, this was unthinkable. I just could not imagine leaving the home, the country that I knew. I'm very alienated from my parents for a while over this situation. We did not go to Japan, but that's something that will always haunt me because I was blaming my parents for something that was imposed on them, really.","What made you decide that you wanted to protest now at Fort Sill?","Well, some of us just thought, because of our particular history, that we had, you know, the moral authority to go in and say, well, you've done it to us, so don't repeat history."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The long haul is a length of time where the issue had to be dealt with.","questions":"Which phrase describes the mental state of the community after the traumatic event?","answer":"Tremendously"}
{"text":["Mr.  Jones\u2026","Yes?","\u2026when you think about the issues of justice and in - for so long, we as African-Americans have and many of us have debated what does justice mean in this life, what does justice mean in the next life, do you think that there is racial justice?Do you think that there will be racial justice on this Earth?","Yes, I do. I believe that we are at a profound transition point. Martin King would say today, there's no way we can make the transition to the 21st century unless we leave the baggage of slavery and racism behind.","And I think to talk about current events, I think that he would both be disappointed and appalled in what's going on in the political discourse. He would be disappointed because when the Senator Obama is criticized in the speech he gave in Philadelphia, Martin would say, well, hold on, America seems to be deeply afflicted by amnesia about how it cheated these African-American people over the past 20th century.","But I think he'd applaud the fact that Senator Obama did what should have been done earlier and needs to be done. You see what Senator Obama did, he walked into the national living room of America and acknowledged and then talked to the 800-pound gorilla of race relations that everybody knew was sitting in there for the 20th century."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker believes that the country needs to move past the legacy of slavery and racism to make progress. The reference to Martin Luther King Jr. suggests that the speaker believes in King's philosophy of non-violent protest and advocacy for civil rights.","questions":"How would the speaker describe Martin Luther King Jr.'s philosophy?","answer":"Non-violent"}
{"text":["Hi, how are you doing?","How do you do that?","Well, you know, it turns out there are lots of little corners in all the information we see. I mean, we're used to the idea that somehow everything we type in the computer is very exact. You don't type in the right password, the computer gets upset. If you don't type in the right URL, it gets upset.","But it turns out that there's lots of little wiggle room that we don't even realize is there, and that's what steganography uses. We kind of go in, and we exploit things. You can make a color just a little bit more blue, or you can make it a little bit more red. And then if you do that enough times, you can send a signal, and then the computer can piece it all together into a complex message."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : they are trying to imply that when typing wrong password the computer won't work","questions":"Which aspect of steganography is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Aspects"}
{"text":["Yeah, gosh.","And so I got up and ran. And it wasn't too far. But I just - at that moment, I thought, I don't want to be shot in the back, and I need to find some cover. And there's really no place to hide. But there are these. . .","You found a little, like, alcove that you could duck into.","There was a little alcove, yeah. And I just made myself as small as I could in that little corner."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : duck in this context means to avoid something hitting you in the head","questions":"What did PersonA do in the little corner?","answer":"Duck"}
{"text":["So are you surprised by these numbers?Is there anything in the report we haven't really heard before?","Unfortunately I wish I could say I was surprised. But it's pretty much an extension of what we've known going back for decades now, and that is that our path of tougher sentencing laws and higher rates of incarceration has really continued unabated. And at this point, as this report points out, we stand alone on the global stage with really no other peers in terms of our use of incarceration.","Can you break down the numbers by race?","Well, that's where the numbers are most compelling and most frightening. The one in a hundred number that got most of the attention, one in a hundred Americans are in prison or jail, obscures the underlying trends and the geographical concentration of incarceration, particularly among low-income communities of color. And once you look for young African\u2014American males, as the report points out, black men between the ages of 20 and 34, one in nine of them are in prison or jail on a given day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The underlying trends and geographical concentration of incarceration disproportionately affect low-income communities of color, particularly young African-American males.","questions":"What communities are particularly affected by the underlying trends and geographical concentration of incarceration?","answer":"Low-income"}
{"text":["The FBI does criminal investigations better than anybody. But again, at some point in time, if you've got a stovepipe there, where the two agencies aren't talking to each other, either in Washington or on the ground you've got a real problem. And there's not an excuse for it, 13, well, 12 years now after 9\/11. You know, this is - supposedly should not be rocket science but somehow it becomes that.","And to solve it, is this executive order or is this something Congress has to get involved with?","Well, this is where, you know, the interagency problem gets to be really challenging because, you know, if you look at the Constitution, every head of agency, you know, if the guy on the ground goes all the way up to his head of agency, they only report to the president. So obviously it's got to be something that the executive authority does, and he has got to delegate that authority if he is not willing to sit there and handle every crisis that comes down the pike. He has got to delegate it to somebody on the ground who can say do this thing. I don't care, you know, I don't want you talking to your agency back home. You're working for me, do it. And. . .","Gary Anderson?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : If you've got something keeping two agencies from talking to one another.  This should not be hard to understand and solve.","questions":"What is the issue with two agencies not communicating with each other?","answer":"Lack"}
{"text":["Being a congressional Democrat from Alabama has been a lonely occupation. Representative Terri Sewell, from the district that includes Selma and parts of Birmingham and Montgomery, was the only Democrat in the state's congressional delegation until this week, when Doug Jones defeated Roy Moore for the U. S.  Senate. Representative Sewell joins us from her district. Representative Sewell, thanks so much for being with us.","Well, thank you so much for having me.","Doug Jones thanked you specifically for helping bring African-American voters to the polls. Do you want to take a victory lap and tell us how you did it?","(Laughter) Well, listen. This was an amazing victory for Alabama. It was a victory, I think, for decency - common decency. And it shows that Alabama was willing to put principle over party. I was very excited that my district overperformed. And I was particularly excited about the African-American turnout. You know, I think that people understood that the stakes were high. This administration has had a negative effect on our community. It's reversing a lot of the Obama-era progress that we've made. And I'm just very pleased that people showed up and showed out."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : : The implied meaning of this turn is that Representative Sewell should explain how she encouraged African-American voters to come out and vote for Doug Jones.","questions":"Which group of voters does Representative Sewell express excitement about in her response to PersonB's question?","answer":"excited"}
{"text":["So having become an overnight success after what 35, 40 years of writing poetry, you've also gotten opportunities. Tell us a little bit about \"At War With Ourselves. \"","Oh, my goodness. Well. . .",". . . I was sitting in my car one day, and I got a phone call from the University of Maryland. And they were - they are one of the four schools that has been chosen to celebrate the sesquicentennial end of the Civil War. And the call - the caller told me that they had already commissioned the Kronos Quartet to be a part of this celebration and that they also wanted to invite the amazing musician Terence Blanchard and Nikky Finney to be a part of whatever we were going to create to honor the end of the Civil War, and would I be interested in joining this band of beautiful musicians.","And I forgot that the windows were rolled up in the car and I, you know, the temperature went from - I don't know - 90 to 130. And I just raised my hand to the opportunity."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The success came quickly with one book after writing for many years.","questions":"Which celebration did the University of Maryland invite the musicians to be a part of?","answer":"Sesquicentennial"}
{"text":["You know, that's a very strange thing. It showed that there is real fear of a reaction. And that now that they are two, whether or not people would start drawing a pattern - that was one of the questions that I sort of asked all the Korean leaders up in the Bay area. And once that question was asked, I think that they sort of saw an angle that I might go towards they didn't like and for the most part they either talked about in a very - and again, in a sort of like academic way about how, you know, like we should focus on class instead of race, or we should talk about people without using any sort of, like, cultural terms, or they were just sort of kick me out.","And what has happened to One Goh?","He is now in Napa State Mental Hospital, he - until he is - can be fit to stand trial. He's been declared unfit to stand trial because of his, you know, he's psychiatrically unable to stand trial at this point. And so he's undergoing compulsory medication to try and get him ready.","And Oikos University, what's happened there, there was something of a decertification."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to stand to trial means until they are ready to have a trial","questions":"How was One Goh declared unfit to stand trial?","answer":"Psychiatrically"}
{"text":["Happens to be benched. What do you make of this?I think Vince's issues I think are quite different from Tarvaris. I think there was a lot of pressure on Vince from the time he came out of Texas to kind of be the black Johnny Unitas, and he's going to - they'll both have an opportunity to sit and watch, and hopefully come back with a vengeance.","One really quick other black quarterback not in the league at the moment, in Atlanta, Michael Vick. Is Matt Ryan, the replacement, making Atlanta Falcon fans forget Michael Vick?","I wouldn't say that. Maybe that first week he did, but there will only be one Michael Vick. Remember, Tony, Michael Vick was the most exciting quarterback in the NFL, and there's still talk and anticipation of him playing when he gets out.","All right. Let's move on to baseball because we're moving into the time of the year, at least for me, when baseball really becomes interesting. This year we had a couple of blockbuster trades involving Manny Ramirez going from Boston to the Dodgers, and we also had C. C. Sabathia going from the Cleveland Indians to the Milwaukee Brewers, and they turned their respective teams around. So, the question is, are they - should they be considered as MVP candidates even though they've only been there a short time?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being benched implies temporary substitution and inactiveness,  not being seated in a bench ","questions":"How does being benched imply inactivity?","answer":"sit"}
{"text":["Every president in his or - his - well, I should say his or her. Every president in their first year has an unexpected crisis, whether it's national security, a natural disaster, domestic unrest. This is certainly shaping up to be Donald Trump's unexpected crisis. And I think he realizes that. And the stakes are getting higher, and I think that's why he's lashing out more because I think he realizes what's going on.","It's moved to the capital. As we said Secretary Price has resigned, but at least three more Cabinet members face similar accusations about charter jets. Whatever happened to them, can the Trump administration say they'll drain the swamp when they seem to be flying over it in private jets?","You, know, this reminds me of that line from \"The Godfather\" about Mr.  Corleone likes his bad news early. Donald Trump is not like bad news. And this was starting to spread to other cabinet members, obviously. And I think the we'll-see when he was asked whether Trump - I mean, whether Price should resign was his way of signaling, yes. And sure enough, Tom Price offered his resignation. And unlike the Session's case, the president accepted it because I think he sees this for the irony that it is of his own cabinet doing what he campaigned exactly against.","Is the Republican Party offering much of a profile of leadership at the moment?- can't get Repeal and Replace passed, the tax code seems - proposal seems fuzzy, federal response seems to certainly be slow if not negligent in Puerto Rico. We could go on."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Donald Trump is becoming increasingly desperate as he realizes the gravity of the situation he's in.","questions":"How is Donald Trump feeling about the crisis he's currently facing?","answer":"Desperate"}
{"text":["Nuns are also speaking out. We're joined in our studio now by Sister Simone Campbell, who was part of the ministry of the Sisters of Social Service and executive director of NETWORK, a Catholic social justice group. Sister Simone, thanks so much for being with us.","Great to be with you.","I have to ask - how do you feel this week about the church to which you've devoted your life?","Well, I have to say over the last few weeks, it's been really shocking and horrifying, and I have felt myself close to weeping at times. This week, I took a little solace in the letter from Pope Francis to the world saying - acknowledging the extent of the horror that has existed and a commitment to change. And I take heart in these remarks in Ireland as his very first statements that it is included because there was a worry he would not include this in his very first statements. So what this says to me is that the Vatican is beginning to get it in all its departments that this is not just those concerned with clergy, but the whole church needs to be changed. And I think that's what we're beginning to see."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Vatican is beginning to take action to change the church","questions":"Which department of the Vatican is starting to take action for church reform?","answer":"Departments"}
{"text":["You know, it's quite clear that it is a cherry-picked narrative. But reading it makes you wonder if that's an insult to cherries.","(Laughter) Which, after all, have many valuable antioxidants. Before it was released, a lot of Democrats said the result of releasing the memo would be catastrophic. Last night and today, many Democrats seem to be saying, is that all you got?Are you kidding?","Well, for some, it's more a dud than a slam dunk. But at the same time, of course, the Democrats want to release their own memo - their critique memo - their response or rebuttal. And that's going to be the big focus when we get back here on Monday.","Rod Rosenstein - long for his position in the Justice Department?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Well, for some, it's more a dud than a slam dunk.But at the same time, of course, the Democrats want to release their own memo - their critique memo - their response or rebuttal.And that's going to be the big focus when we get back here on Monday.\" Implicated meaning: The speaker is commenting on the mixed reactions to an event or situation. They suggest that while some people may view it as a failure (\"a dud\"), others may see it as a success (\"a slam dunk\"). The speaker also mentions the Democrats' plan to release their own memo, which they believe will be the main topic of discussion in the future.","questions":"What is the Democrats' plan?","answer":"Release"}
{"text":["Didn't Elon Musk know all this before he sent out that memorable tweet on August 7?","Well, a lot of people think he should have. Let's go back to that August 7 when he sent out that tweet and said I'm considering taking the company private, funding secured at $420 a share. And analysts immediately were very dubious that Musk could pull this off. Where would he get the 10 billions of dollars to take the company private?Did he really have the funding secured as he claimed?And that is something that the Securities and Exchange Commission is investigating, according to multiple reports. And Musk said at the time - or Musk said that two-thirds of the investors would stick with Tesla if it went private, but he really had no way of knowing that.","And why did he want to take the company private in any case?","Well, he's always chafed at the demands of Wall Street - the quarterly earnings reports, the pesky questions from analysts. He famously called one analyst's question boring and boneheaded on an earnings call earlier this year. But perhaps even more than all this, Musk. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Musk wants to take Tesla private to avoid the demands of Wall Street","questions":"What was the reason behind Musk's desire to take Tesla private?","answer":"Avoid"}
{"text":["That will not happen. The Senate will not seat Roland Burris tomorrow, barring some major change of heart on the part of the Senate Democratic leaders. They feel that, as they had said back in December, that anyone appointed by Rod Blagojevich, who was, of course, accused of holding a kind of auction for this Senate seat to the highest bidder, anyone appointed by that governor would not be acceptable to them.","And they haven't changed their minds even though they have said repeatedly they have no objection to Roland Burris in particular to take that job. So one assumes that they will stand by that tomorrow and that Burris's appointment, that is to say his seating, will be delayed probably for a matter of several weeks.","Very briefly, Ron, the latest in the impeachment proceedings against Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich, where do they stand?","State House committee on impeachment today reviewing a 54-page document reviewing all the accusations against Rod Blagojevich. We expect them to vote on impeachment this week, probably Friday."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Senate Democratic leaders will not approve Roland Burris as a senator because he was appointed by Rod Blagojevich, who was accused of selling the Senate seat to the highest bidder.","questions":"How was Roland Burris appointed to the Senate seat?","answer":"appointed"}
{"text":["Stocks in two major computer chip companies - Qualcomm and Broadcom, two major ones - were down 6% today. Google dropped 2%. And this was after Google said it would stop supporting Android devices for phones made by Huawei because the company was on the Commerce Department's blacklist. Google is a major software provider for Huawei. And if these restrictions went on for months, Google could take a beating.","Correct me if I'm wrong here, Jackie, but didn't the U. S.  back off last year in a somewhat similar way shortly after blacklisting another Chinese telecom company?","That's right. It was a company called ZTE, and they were on the blacklist. And it went on for a while. And they were on the verge of bankruptcy. And this is a major Chinese corporation - almost went bust until the Trump administration reversed that decision and allowed U. S.  companies to supply it again. So it's the same sort of scenario. But, Mary Louise, the Trump administration has been tightening the screws on Huawei for months now in part because it has links to the Chinese government.","And U. S.  intelligence agencies believe Huawei could use its equipment to spy on the U. S.  and its allies. The administration asked Canada to arrest and extradite one of Huawei's senior officials. And administration officials have been fanning out across the world asking allies, pressuring allies not to use Huawei equipment. So up until now, it's been a full-court press by the administration to contain the company."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The drop in stocks of major computer chip companies is related to Google's decision to stop supporting Huawei.","questions":"Which Chinese telecom company was blacklisted by the U.S. and almost went bankrupt before the Trump administration reversed the decision?","answer":"ZTE"}
{"text":["Thank you. I - so each morning in my newsletter, I include the schedules for all of the 2020 presidential candidates. And so I'm kind of, you know, kind of scouring the Web to make sure that I can keep on top of all of them. And on Wednesday night, I stumbled upon a Facebook post from a county party in Iowa announcing that de Blasio would be coming there for the first stop on his presidential announcement tour. And that rings alarm bells since he hadn't announced yet. And so I tweeted out and was able to kind of pre-empt his announcement.","That is a huge scoop. And it's great sleuthing. I mean, it's amazing attention to detail. And you also put out your news on the same day you were taking a four-hour Advanced Placement exam, which is extraordinary. That must have been a lot of work.","It was. It was a big day, for sure.","You have been writing this newsletter since you were 9 years old. I mean, you've clearly been a journalism junkie for a long time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It was not a scoop but a finding out of information that could be shared with others.","questions":"How would you describe the nature of the information?","answer":"Information"}
{"text":["Of, you know, as climate change or renewable energy, things like that. The choice is not even offered on the sheet of things that you - that is on your radar screen.","Yeah. Well, this is actually a really important point, is that when you look at - and I'll just come back to media coverage as an example. You know, for most people, this is an issue that's invisible. I mean, you can look out your window right this moment, and there's CO2 pouring out of tailpipes, out of smokestacks, out of buildings, but you can't see it, and likewise you can't see the impacts unless you know where to look. In fact, the only way most Americans even know about this issue is because of what they've learned about it in the media. They're not reading the peer-reviewed literature. They don't know scientists personally. They're learning about it through the media. And when the media doesn't report this issue, it's literally out of sight and out of mind.","Mm-hmm. Is there a difference between the national poll you conducted and registered voters?Do they have different opinions about it?","No. In fact, that's exactly what we did in this study, is that we asked people, are you registered to vote?And we only looked at those Democrats, Republicans and independents who are registered because, obviously, those are the people who will actually walk into the voting booth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A's turn: The implied meaning is that media coverage plays a significant role in shaping public perception and awareness of issues like climate change. Despite the visible impacts of CO2 emissions, many people remain unaware of the severity of the issue until they learn about it through media outlets. If the media fails to report on climate change, it can become an \"out of sight, out of mind\" issue for many people.","questions":"Which issue does media coverage play a significant role in shaping public perception and awareness of?","answer":"Climate-change"}
{"text":["I'd say first, over all, we have had a measure of success in reducing nuclear proliferation over the years. And so North Korea and Iran are really exceptions to what has been a successful policy. Not simply by the United States, but by the international community. I mean, we can't do this alone. We depend on international cooperation.","North Korea is an exception because it is so difficult to deal with. They have used their nuclear weapons not so much from the standpoint of making military threats, but as an instrument of extortion, to get economic concessions for what in fact is an impoverished country.","Now that leads me to my next question. We're coming down toward the close. And it's this. White-collar terrorism, is that an example of what you just described, of white-collar terrorism, extorting, using the threat to extort money?","It does have that concept to it, because it does fall in the camp - in the realm of extortion, rather than military strategy. Quickly, with regard to Iran, there is a very difficult issue, because in fact Iran's quest to be a major power, including the possession of nuclear weapons, really precedes the current administration in Iran, and is likely to be a long-term quest that isn't going to be very, very, difficult to stop."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : instrument implies a strategy and not an equipment ","questions":"What does the term \"instrument\" imply in this context?","answer":"Strategy"}
{"text":["There is a - after so long under dictatorship, and it was certainly not just Mr.  Mubarak but his predecessors all the way back through Nasser and before it had a king and, well, effective British rule before that, there's been one person in charge of Egypt for a very long time.","Yes. And, you know, people wanted that to change. And one of the things we heard a lot of in Tahrir Square today is we didn't oust Mubarak to get an Islamist dictator - oust a secular dictator to get an Islamist dictator. And Morsi was elected, but the idea is to have a democratic process. One of the complaints also about the draft constitution is it gives too much power to the president. And now people are saying, we want to be represented; all of Egypt, not just the Muslim Brotherhood.","Is there any indication that at this point, the president and the Muslim Brotherhood will reconsider?","So far we're not seeing indications of that. Of course, as you mentioned, yesterday, the president's spokesman kind of came out and tried to explain the decrees. One of the decrees basically said, any law or decision I make from now until the constitution is written or a parliament is in place has - there is no way to challenge it in courts. He said, actually that's limited to sovereign act. What sovereign acts mean, though, is so vague and unclear. And it really didn't appease his opposition."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A implies that Sovereign act in its acceptable sense does not exist when a decree has been made which makes such claim vague.","questions":"What is the meaning of Sovereign act?","answer":"unclear"}
{"text":["And there was \"Hip-Hop: Hot On The Runway,\" which was - HOT107. 9 had a fashion show with a lot of artists, yeah, at Compound, with Ray J.  Whitney Huston showed up. This is the live music scene as of last night. But at that same last event, at Compound, someone got shot. And there was incredible security at all of these events.","You go in there and you have to pass two or three people. And you know, the crowd is not - you can't say it was all young kids at Compound or it was - you couldn't even point out who in the audience could have done that because it was a very mixed crowd, in a lot of ways in terms, of economic strata and that kind of thing.","And in the end of the night, as a matter of fact, I woke up the next morning and saw on the news that someone was shot there. The guy was in critical condition at this time. So, you know, it's rough, but the same time, those were great events, three events in one night. And that is not atypical in Atlanta, you know, on a given week.","You know, do you think it is affecting the scene?And certainly violence isn't limited to hip-hop clubs, and it isn't new, but does it affect the ability of the audiences to go out?Or are they just like, hey, this is part of what it is and I am willing to go out anyway?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's hard to determine who could have committed the shooting at Compound due to the diverse audience","questions":"Which event had a fashion show with artists and Whitney Houston showed up?","answer":"Compound"}
{"text":["Hi - so glad to have you with us. And let me start here. Just to recap this war of words, Iran says the U. S.  is lying about where the drone was shot down. The U. S.  says Iran is lying. How are we likely to know?How will this be resolved beyond a take one person's word over the other situation?How do they figure that out?","Well, first, there is, obviously, the release of the actual location data for where the BAMS or Broad Area Maritime Surveillance aircraft was flying. That - hopefully, it will be released shortly by Central Command. But part of it, too, Mary Louise, is the fact that there's absolutely no reason for this aircraft to have to fly over Iran to gather the data that the U. S.  military was interested in gathering.","You're saying there's circumstantial evidence that just - why would it have been there?- which tends to support the U. S.  position.","Well, right. And no U. S.  commander - speaking from experience - would put the aircraft in that kind of a situation. And for your audience, that reason is that, unlike aircraft - surveillance aircraft in the past, the kind of sensor systems that are onboard this drone are such that they can see dozens and dozens and dozens of miles away from the aircraft. So, you know, it's flying up above 50,000 feet over the Strait of Hormuz. It can monitor the entire strait plus see inside Iran without having to fly over it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The BAMS drone was not in Iranian airspace.","questions":"What evidence supports the U.S. position on the location of the BAMS drone?","answer":"Iranian"}
{"text":["(Laughter) I have no idea. I know that the pope - his five most famous words may be - who am I to judge?- which is about gay people. And I know that he has gay friends. You know, one of the people that he met with during his papal visit in the United States was a gay friend and his partner. So he's open to what he calls a culture of encounter and accompaniment. He's certainly in favor of listening to people and meeting them where they are. And so on that page, you know, we agree.","You suggest in a couple of sections of the book that there must be priests who are LGBT, but they are faithful to their vows of chastity.","Yeah, I know them. And, you know, by saying that a priest is gay, it doesn't mean that he's breaking his promise of celibacy or his vow of chastity or, you know, lesbian nuns. And one of the challenges for the church is to recognize these people and to see them as the gifts that they are as all LGBT people are to the church. They are gifts, beloved children of God who bring certain gifts and certain talents to our church, to the community.","Father James Martin - his book, \"Building A Bridge: How The Catholic Church And The LGBT Community Can Enter Into A Relationship Of Respect, Compassion, And Sensitivity\" - thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The actual meaning, however, is that the speaker is expressing agreement with the pope's approach and support for creating an inclusive and accepting environment for gay individuals within the Catholic Church.","questions":"Which book does Father James Martin discuss during the interview?","answer":"Bridge"}
{"text":["So tell us what happened on the site last week.","Well I mean, what the culmination of a week of DDoS attacks, you know, it started off on Monday with DDoS attacks. And basically what that means is. . .","Please, go ahead. I was about to ask you what that meant.","Yeah. What happens is, you know, basically they send out little robots. They put robots on computers across the country, which make requests your website, which essentially brings your website down because of an overload of requests. So a DDoS stands for denial of service. And they do that by basically clogging up your arteries, basically, with actual requests from robots that are not regular people, and overwhelming your server."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : DDoS attacks are caused by little robots, not human attackers.","questions":"How are DDoS attacks caused?","answer":"Robots"}
{"text":["I think they have put a scare into people enough that they'd approve almost anything, and that's unfortunate. But I think we rely on our leadership. Cal Rapson, who is our vice president, has been in General Motors his entire life. I worked with Cal when I was here as a president. I think he understands the needs of auto workers, understands what GM can do and what they can't do, and I think, if we follow his leadership along with Ron Getelfinger, we're not going to be in too bad a shape.","You worked at a GM plant for 32 years. What you're seeing right now, how does that compare to what you've seen in the past?There have been troubled times before.","Never have seen anything to this magnitude. Well, my local has gone from 14,000 members to 2,000. When I was here, we were worrying about what was our next product, not worrying about whether we were going to have a product.","And so, for some of the workers that are there now with you at this UAW hall currently employed, what are they talking about?Are they coming up with a plan B in case this doesn't happen and they don't have jobs?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation is much worse than ever before and people are starting to think about alternative options if their current job is not secured.","questions":"How are people reacting to the current situation?","answer":"Worried"}
{"text":["OK.  Give us the background now. He has been charged with eight felony counts, including perjury and obstruction of justice.","Correct.","Remind us what happened.","Well, this all began quite some time ago. We're talking about a case that involves the firing of a couple police officers. And supposedly, these police officers were fired because they were investigating misconduct on the part of the mayor. And the mayor came up with a settlement, an $8. 4 million settlement that was paid out of the city's coffers."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : implies a request for a summary of the facts of the case","questions":"What has the individual been charged with?","answer":"perjury"}
{"text":["So I do miss it, but you know, I don't miss it enough to go back anytime soon. I'm not going to volunteer.","When you think about the losses, people who have been killed and some of the ones who've been profoundly injured in ways where they'll never lead an independent life again, do you ever ask yourself the question: Is it worth it?Is that a question you ask yourself?","No, I can never ask that question. Because if I do, then I'll start doubting my orders and doubting my job. But I will tell you this: Up to the point to where we caught Saddam Hussein, you know, one life is too many to lose, but it was worth the lives up until that point. So from that point on to now, as long as catch bin Laden, we free people, and we do our jobs, it'll be worth it. I'm not saying that we should have any American young men and women killed, but as long as we get the job done, then that's the sacrifice we have to make, even if it takes my own.","Well, Jeremiah, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : No, I can never ask that question. Because if I do, then I'll start doubting my orders and doubting my job. But I will tell you this: Up to the point to where we caught Saddam Hussein, you know, one life is too many to lose, but it was worth the lives up until that point. So from that point on to now, as long as we catch bin Laden, we free people, and we do our jobs, it'll be worth it. I'm not saying that we should have any American young men and women killed, but as long as we get the job done, then that's the sacrifice we have to make, even if it takes my own.  In turn (3), the actual meaning is different from the literal meaning. The speaker states that they cannot ask themselves whether the losses are worth it, as it would lead to doubting their orders and job, implying that they have a duty to follow orders regardless of the human cost. This suggests a belief in a greater cause or duty, beyond one's own personal beliefs or values. This is different from the literal meaning, which would suggest that the speaker is simply unable to ask the question for personal reasons.","questions":"How does the speaker justify the loss of lives in their job?","answer":"Duty"}
{"text":["Didn't Elon Musk know all this before he sent out that memorable tweet on August 7?","Well, a lot of people think he should have. Let's go back to that August 7 when he sent out that tweet and said I'm considering taking the company private, funding secured at $420 a share. And analysts immediately were very dubious that Musk could pull this off. Where would he get the 10 billions of dollars to take the company private?Did he really have the funding secured as he claimed?And that is something that the Securities and Exchange Commission is investigating, according to multiple reports. And Musk said at the time - or Musk said that two-thirds of the investors would stick with Tesla if it went private, but he really had no way of knowing that.","And why did he want to take the company private in any case?","Well, he's always chafed at the demands of Wall Street - the quarterly earnings reports, the pesky questions from analysts. He famously called one analyst's question boring and boneheaded on an earnings call earlier this year. But perhaps even more than all this, Musk. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Musk wants to take Tesla private to avoid the demands of Wall Street","questions":"Which company does Musk want to take private to avoid the demands of Wall Street?","answer":"Tesla"}
{"text":["And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?","Well, so all of this water from upstream that's coming from northeast Oklahoma is heading downstream into Tulsa. They have these aging levees. Many of them were built in the 1940s. The Keystone Dam is releasing huge amounts of water, and that has led to thousands of people being evacuated from their homes in the Tulsa area.","And then if you go down river, as you get closer to Arkansas, some communities, like Braggs and Webbers Falls, have been totally emptied out. One mayor earlier this week told people that if they refuse to evacuate, they should write their identification on their arm.","Wow. I mean, it does sound as though it's just an overwhelmingly awful combination of floods and tornadoes and bad weather. What are people saying as you are out and about interviewing people and, I guess, just talking to your own neighbors?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The levees are old and may not be able to withstand the water, causing people to evacuate.","questions":"How are the levees in Tulsa?","answer":"May"}
{"text":["How does it manifest?","Well, it's strange. But I think I can see it in the eyes of people when they approach me. And a lot of mothers who have lost their children do approach me, and I can see it. I can feel it even before they reach me. And it's like it's a secret society that nobody wants to be a part of, but we offer one another comfort because we know the pain that we still feel.","So more conversations like this, more personal revelations, more scrutiny, more campaigning, having to defend your husband's record, the anxiety of a potential loss after giving so much - are you really ready to do this again (laughter)?","I am ready. I am ready. I wouldn't have done it. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mothers who have lost their children recognize and approach each other for comfort.","questions":"How do mothers who have lost their children comfort each other?","answer":"Approach"}
{"text":["There's definite bright spots. If you're Wal-Mart, you're doing fine. If you're Costco, you're doing fine. If you're Family Dollar, you're doing fine. If you're Dollar Tree, you're doing fine.","The consumer is trading down. Starbucks closes 600 stores, but McDonalds is doing fine. Bennigans closes all their stores. Steak and Ale closes all their stores, but Burger King is booming. There is a story out there. The consumer is in major trade-down mode. If you're in position to take advantage of that, you win.","What about hiring?Stores hire a lot of temporary workers around this time for the holiday season. What's going on there?","Well, we've got 82 clients. All of them, across the board, are planning to hire fewer people and for fewer hours. Hiring is going to be way down, inventory is down, sales is down; it's all down. You know, we've lost an average of 85,000 jobs a month so far this year. Unemployment is going to skyrocket, in our view, to 7 and a half, 8 percent. All the stores have canceled expansion plans, cutting back on investments. They're not opening new stores. They're closing stores, and they're slashing hiring budgets."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There is a shift in consumer behavior towards cheaper options, benefiting certain businesses.","questions":"How are certain businesses benefiting from the shift in consumer behavior?","answer":"Cheaper"}
{"text":["Right. Exactly. As you said, at the end of a marathon, basically everybody's carrying something often for a runner who's coming in over the line. So what now seems suspicious might seem less so. Although when you look at the faces of the two suspects on the video, they didn't seem - they seemed like they did stand out a bit. I'm not saying that I would've noticed it, trained observer that I am. But. . .","Mm-hmm. That's right.",". . . as we all think that we are. But again, in hindsight, 20\/20, as they always say.","And 20\/20 hindsight, again, the questions have to be asked. Is it fair to ask the Boston Police Department, did you drop the ball considering the sacrifices everybody made in the week that followed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Although the speaker is trained, they may not have noticed the suspicious behavior of the suspects.","questions":"How did the speaker describe their observation skills?","answer":"Limited"}
{"text":["Yeah, but - of course it comes into play. That's what the IG is supposed to do. And under this statute, the acting director of national intelligence has an absolute duty not to exercise discretion, but simply to pass this information on to the intelligence committees. And he's not doing it.","So if - under the statute, there's a clear violation. What the Justice Department is presumably saying when they tell him not to do it could be one of - one or both of two things. One is, this is privileged information. I - when we don't - can't evaluate that without knowing what it is. And the other is, well, the IG is just way out of his remit. He's beyond - he's acting beyond his powers. And they'd get. . .","So how would you advise Congress to act next?","Oh, with Congress - if it wants to do that, there's a couple of options. You can try to litigate this, which I think will - the courts will not want to get involved in it - whether Congress can impeach the acting director. The president's not the only person subject to impeachment. Any federal officer can be impeached. What the Congress is saying is, we don't like the way this man's behaving. He's not doing what the statute says. And their remedy is quite limited, but the Constitution tell you - you don't - tells the Congress, you don't like it?Impeach the man."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It doesn't come  into play physically. The statue is used during this time.","questions":"Which information is being evaluated in turn 1?","answer":"statute"}
{"text":["Is your area of focus because you believe, you know, what's the old classic Willie Sutton line: why do you rob banks?'Cause that's where the money is.","I would say it's more where the need is. For many years, we had invested in pharmaceutical companies, some device companies. With the advent of the Internet, it was time to bring technology, information technology to health care. You know, hospital systems, payers, physicians' offices were really in the dark ages of technology. I mean, back then, we were literally just wiring up physicians with the Internet in order to get them online. And I think our view is that with better information and information sharing, there's a better coordination of care. If you think about patients which bounce around to different doctors and then have the same diagnostic tests repeated three times, that doesn't help the patient. That only adds cost to the system. And when you have miscommunications between hospital systems and physicians, then you have poor care.","Is - forgive me for putting it in a simplistic way - is health care the new real estate?","I do think there's more innovation and investment going into the area. Some of that will be unwise. It always is in venture capital. We're investing in early-stage companies. Do I think it's a bubble?No, I don't think it's a bubble. I think there are so many ways that we can improve health care delivery today that it's worth a tremendous amount of investment in systems and information to do so."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is using the quote \"why do you rob banks? 'Cause that's where the money is\" as a metaphor to ask if the area of focus is chosen because that's where the opportunity is.","questions":"What metaphor is the speaker using to ask if the area of focus is chosen because that's where the opportunity is?","answer":"Opportunity"}
{"text":["It would basically just restore a tax on stock compensation income in our city. And this is a tax that actually existed prior to 2012, when we started granting tax breaks to grow the tech sector in our city. And the revenue would be used to address the growing inequality crisis in our city, to expand affordable housing for working-class and middle-class residents, to support and stabilize our small businesses here in the city that are struggling and haven't benefited from the same tax breaks.","And just to be clear, you've written this proposal so that this tax would apply to IPOs that have already recently happened, like Lyft and Pinterest. And we should note that your proposal still needs to be passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, and then it would go directly to the voters on the ballot in November.","Exactly. I mean, it's still - there's still going to be a lot of public process and debate about this.","OK.  Now, one of your colleagues on the board of supervisors told the San Francisco Chronicle that it's, quote, \"arrogant\" to think that tech companies won't leave the city if they are taxed more aggressively. Are you worried about that risk, that your tax proposal might drive some tech companies out of San Francisco?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"proposal still needs to be passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors\" - Literal meaning: the proposal requires approval from the Board of Supervisors. Actual meaning: the proposal is still in the process of being reviewed and discussed by the relevant authorities.","questions":"Which group needs to approve the proposal?","answer":"Supervisors"}
{"text":["You described some playwrights, Beckett, for example, as somebody whose work seems to back away from you the closer you get it. But Miller's play, you say, is not like that.","No. It wasn't like - my experience with Chekhov and Beckett was just what you'd call - that they get harder and harder as you go. But with \"Salesman,\" surprisingly, because it's fully as great a play as those others, it did welcome us and come toward us day by day. And then, we did a fairly smart thing, which is that we had a workshop just for ourselves for almost a month, and nobody ever saw it and we didn't perform it, but we just worked on it. And then as per plan, we went away for over three and a half months.","And then when we came back, we went into rehearsal and then finally got onstage and did it. And the three and a half months living and doing other things made a surprisingly big difference. It just sank into everybody and took enormous strides all on its own, and that was both exciting and surprising in its extent. And also, it was a clue to what was going to continue to happen, which is that it just burrowed deeper and deeper into the actors and they - into one another, and they have become a family. And they're - what goes on between them is - I've never seen - in my experience, I've never seen it quite like this.","Philip Seymour Hoffman obviously plays the lead role. Is - did the play come first or the actor come first?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"did welcome us and come toward us day by day\" - This is a metaphorical expression that means the play became easier to understand and appreciate over time, and it felt like it was reaching out to the actors.","questions":"Which play did the actors work on for almost a month in a workshop?","answer":"Salesman"}
{"text":["Yeah, it's light and it's very dark at the same time, yeah.","Well, that's what you go for or what?","Yeah, you got to have a little bit of - a little bit of an edge, I think.","You have a woman in a classical gown looking out over the sea coast in the moonlight holding a lantern. The caption - night after night she watches the sea, longing for her husband's departure (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  My experience with my level of confidence has been a bit of a roller coaster ride. I started out quite shy and timid, but over time I have been able to gain more and more confidence. I have found that the more I put myself out there and take risks, the more confident I become. I have been involved in activities such as public speaking, volunteering, and even starting my own business, which has all helped to boost my confidence. ","questions":"How has PersonA's confidence level changed over time?","answer":"Gained"}
{"text":["Well, the size of this scandal involving the Brazilian state-run oil company Petrobras is sometimes hard for outsiders to understand. Petrobras is a company that, through the company and its suppliers, encompasses about 10 percent of Brazil's economy.","Yeah, it's huge.","And so what happened was you had these prosecutors who found - almost stumbled into these clues. And they started pulling on this string and saw very quickly that this scandal was connected to almost everything and everyone.","And everybody, yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Turn (3) describes the discovery of clues that led to the unraveling of the scandal, which is consistent with its literal meaning.","questions":"What does turn 2 describe?","answer":"Scandal"}
{"text":["So, you know, Emily, when your sister is in and out of the hospital, and you're bringing her books, you talk about teaching her about emotions. Can you just give an example of what you mean by that?Like, what is a conversation you had to have with your sister?","Well, it mostly happened, like, your emotions are biological events that happen in your body. It's physiological, real. Emotions are not just in your head. They are all over your body, in your chemistry. So she's reading these books, and she sees the word rage on the page and spontaneously bursts into sobs. And she calls me on the phone, and is like, your book here says that feelings are physical.","I was like, you're a choral conductor who expresses emotion through your body. You practice yoga. And she still, sort of, had not put it together that just because you've dealt with the stressors, that doesn't mean that you've dealt with the physical event of the stress in your body.","One of the lessons in your book is about completing the stress cycle. I loved this analogy of yours, this idea of a lion. Explain the concept of completing the stress cycle through the lion, Emily."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Emotions are not just mental, but physical experiences in the body.","questions":"Which aspect of emotions does Emily emphasize on that is often overlooked?","answer":"Physical"}
{"text":["It was absolute - you're absolutely correct. Our time is out, but I'm going to ask you about this before I let you go. Talking about perfect performances, two people strolled in to New York's Madison Square Garden and lit up the Knicks back to back, Kobe Bryant 61 on one night and LeBron James, I think, it was 52 the next night and a triple double.","All I can say is thank god for the Knicks.","And, you know what?And the Knicks are even actually better than they were before and then they still let people come in there and just spank them like crazy.","That's what we do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Knicks come in and let people do better than they do at basketball.","questions":"How did the Knicks perform compared to their opponents in basketball?","answer":"Underperformed"}
{"text":["Well, tell us first, let's go back. How did you find out about this because I know they try and keep this very secret?How did you find out you had been awarded the MacArthur Grant?","I kind of got punked a little bit. I mean, it's the best way to get punked you could imagine, but they called me into the offices, I was going to be in Chicago for an event, and they basically called me in more or less under the pretense that they wanted me to talk about some candidates that I was recommending.","So of course I kind of scampered in to sort of support the folks that I was hoping would get it, and they just sort of surprised me with this, you know, this incredible gift and just, you know, it kind of just blew my brains open.","So they really did manage to keep it a secret?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A was surprised to receive the MacArthur Grant.","questions":"What did PersonA receive?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["The people in Somalia are suffering in a tremendous way. Actually, last month, the International Red Cross said that the fighting in Somalia that's going on now is the worst in 15 years. The government, the transitional government that was put into power with the help of U. S.  and Ethiopian invasion about 15 months ago has controlled nearly none of the country. They control a small of Mogadishu. The rest of the country is literally falling apart around it.","There is also, actually, in the last month alone 40,000 people had fled the capital. These are urban dwellers who are now literally camped out at roadsides, trying to get U. N. -staffed displacement camps, but really relying on international community for their most basic need. It's a really, really dire situation for the people of Somalia.","What's going to happen with some of these relief organizations?Will they be able to continue to operate in this climate?","We feel for the last 12 months that a couple of things have happen. Several of these organizations have actually put out of the country, organizations like Oxfam, World Division - organizations that are usually are, in times of crisis, the best and both trained do this kind of work. They had because they're worried for the safety of their staff pulled out."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"put out of the country\" in turn (4) is an idiom that means \"to force someone to leave a place or country\", which is different from its literal meaning.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of \"put out\" in turn 3?","answer":"To-force-out"}
{"text":[". . . (Laughter) In our house. And suddenly, we're being taken to go and see \"Gone With The Wind\" in the cinema.","(Laughter).","So for me, I just remember this incredible sense of vertigo and glancing at my mother constantly, like, is this OK?Are we allowed to do this?","How did working on this make sense of your childhood for you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) In turn (3), the speaker uses the phrase \"sense of vertigo\" to describe their feeling when watching the movie. \"Vertigo\" literally means a feeling of dizziness or a spinning sensation, but in this context, the speaker is using it to describe a feeling of disorientation or confusion. The phrase \"glancing at my mother constantly\" also has a figurative meaning, as the speaker is not literally glancing at their mother all the time but rather checking for her reaction or approval.","questions":"Which feeling did the speaker experience while watching the movie?","answer":"Disorientation"}
{"text":["What do you see unfolding as a result of this election, whether or not Senator Obama wins or Senator McCain wins?Do you think it's going to advance how people think about race and how people deal with it in their own lives?","I think it's very much an open question. I think the risk is of course that if Obama wins, a lot of white folks will want to declare that racism is obviously dead. And that I think would be ridiculously premature. The evidence of institutional and systemic discrimination against millions of people of color is still very obvious in spite of the success of this one man of color. Just as we know that Benazir Bhutto becoming prime minister of Pakistan, not one but twice, didn't mean sexism wasn't a problem in Pakistan. Same thing here, with racism and Obama, we in the culture have got to understand if we want his success up to now to mean anything beyond him, if we want it to mean something in terms of turning the corner and addressing the issues of racism and white privilege and inequality in this country, that's going to be up to us. That's going to require us to get out there and challenge systemic and institutional discrimination in housing, in the job market, in the criminal justice system. And not put all of our eggs in the basket of electoral politics.","Well Tim, great to talk to you. Thanks.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The success of one man of color does not mean the end of systemic discrimination against people of color, and addressing issues of racism and white privilege requires active effort beyond electoral politics.","questions":"What evidence of discrimination still exists despite the success of one man of color?","answer":"Institutional"}
{"text":["Condemnation continues of President Trump's profane language about several foreign countries, using an especially crude word. And a warning - you're about to hear that word. At a bipartisan meeting with legislators on Thursday, the president asked why the United States would want immigrants from, quote, \"shithole countries. \"Until last week, roughly 200,000 Salvadorans in the U. S.  held temporary protected status. That was put in place after the devastating earthquakes hit that country in 2001. But the White House says it'll end those protections and give Salvadorans until September 2019 to return to El Salvador or face deportation.","Carlos Dada is the founder of El Faro, a news site based in San Salvador, and joins us from there. Carlos, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me, Scott.","What's the reaction in El Salvador been to the president's comments and, for that matter, your personal reaction?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"What's the reaction in El Salvador been to the president's comments and, for that matter, your personal reaction?\"","questions":"How did Carlos Dada feel about President Trump's comments?","answer":"Disapproval"}
{"text":["We have - what we've done is we have our reporters strategically placed in such a way that they are as safe as we could expect under the circumstances. We're certainly not going to ask them to do anything that's foolish. They're embedded with authorities at different places and so they're, you know, following the instructions of the emergency personnel that they are with.","When you say that 90 percent of the people have left the area, 10 percent haven't. Who's staying behind after the devastation of three years ago and why?","Some of the people who stayed behind or have said they're staying behind we've spoken to, are just very stubborn people who have said that they're not leaving, that they didn't have to leave for the other storms and that they're not leaving for this one. I've spoken with a few of them.","John DeSantos, city editor for the Daily Comet from Thibodeaux, Louisiana."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Reporters are in dangerous situations but being cautious","questions":"What instructions are the reporters following?","answer":"Emergency"}
{"text":["You mentioned that your narrator offers to help translate this project, the book of collateral damage. This, too, resemble something you've done in real life because you have translated other people's works from Arabic into English. Are you also thinking of that as an act of preservation?","Definitely. Its preservation. It's a creative act. And because the - one of the bright aspects of the history of our species is the exchange and transmitting beauty from one cultural sphere to another. And it's a deliberate act, and if I had more time, I would do more translation.","Given. . .","I also translated my previous novel, \"The Corpse Washer\" - I translated it from Arabic to English."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : exchange and transmitting beauty from one cultural sphere to another means it can be done differently and extraordinarily  ","questions":"Which act is deliberate according to A?","answer":"transmitting"}
{"text":["And that made both party's much more democratic operations - again, small D.  But the Democrats - large D, capital D - pushed it a lot further than the Republicans. The Republicans want to restrain the representational nature of the system a little bit so as to reach a conclusion a little faster. And that's the big difference now.","I think in Super Tuesday-voting today, for example, it's quite possible that one Republican candidate will get enough votes around the country that he'll become the nominee more or less de facto. On the Democratic side, though, there's really no chance to that. The proportional splits that I've been talking about, the breaking of the vote down and making it representative of the vote, that's going to divide the delegates between the two parties - or between the two candidates on the Democratic side.","So there are people on both sides of the major party system who have dropped out, and they have delegates. What happens to their delegates?","There aren't many, really. It's just a handful in both parties. And what will happen to those delegates is after their candidate is officially out - John Edwards, for example, is not officially out. He's just suspended his campaign."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The phrase \"officially out\" in this context refers to a candidate formally ending their campaign and withdrawing from the race. It implies that there is a distinction between being \"officially out\" and merely suspending the campaign, suggesting the possibility of a candidate re-entering the race in the future.","questions":"What does \"officially out\" mean in this context?","answer":"End"}
{"text":["Absolutely. That is something that needs to be considered carefully for Senator Coleman. He's a relatively young man, very successful politician from his time as a mayor of St.  Paul to his time in the Senate, and there's a lot of rhetoric from his legal team right now. But who knows?Once this looks like it starts to get being wrapped up, the senator himself may decide that it's not politically advantageous for him to drag this into a courtroom.","If Norm Coleman were to do that, to say, well, I won't fight it any farther, isn't he in a way disenfranchising and disappointing, to say the least, the people who voted for him?","Well, I suppose that's a risk he would have to take. I think, though, that you look at this numbers, this is so close right now, and that, at some point, somebody's going to have to take that Senate seat. And if Senator Coleman looks at it and decides that this is not going to behoove him, it's not going to further his political career to fight this in court, he might make that decision. And his supporters might be happy that he leaves himself potentially better positioned for another job down the road, maybe the governor of Minnesota or something.","New York Senator Charles Schumer said yesterday that Franken had already won the election. Until recently, Schumer was the head of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee. Does that sort of open declaration carry weight there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is being implied that it will be difficult to proceed to court.","questions":"Which implication is being made about Senator Coleman's possible decision?","answer":"Risk"}
{"text":["Well, I can tell you that people like me and organizations like mine will be pushing for in the new year real spending reform, and there's real spending reform to - had across the board. That's from the military industrial complex all the way through the welfare system. Senator Tom Coburn, when he was in the Senate, demonstrated, according to the CBO, over $400 billion of waste and duplicative spending every year. We ought to start there. And I'm hoping that the country can get rational. Both parties can begin to address that stuff beginning in 2018.","Do you think that Republicans will campaign on spending reform anymore?","You know, I don't know whether they will or not. It depends on how hard the grassroots push them. And I hope the grassroots do continue to push them on that.","Is it important to the grassroots to have that still?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Grassroots are known to be stuck to the soil, the narrator mean by that as the Republicans are stuck on their roots. ","questions":"Which group does the narrator suggest is stuck on their roots?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["This is such a different type of story than we often see after a disaster. I mean, it's just the sheer numbers and the sheer amount of land in these three countries that was affected. I mean, you've decided to bring us just into one life and profile - one person doing one thing. Was that experience different for you journalistically?","It was a different - oh, gosh. It was a different experience for sure. I've never followed anyone doing this kind of work. And I've had two reporting trips to Mozambique now. And a lot of the work has been focused on the many, many people trying to deliver aid to people still alive - you know, frantic - organized frantic chaos, you know, trying to help people survive. And this was a very different, quiet experience but just fascinating to see.","Is there one image or one scene or one moment that stands out for you after following this man?","I think it was just the one in the field. It just struck me as an immense task. And I wanted to bring that to life as much as possible immediately for people. And he said it himself as he stood and he looked around the field. And he said, this is literally like a needle in a haystack."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"one image or one scene or one moment that stands out\"","questions":"How did PersonB feel about the experience of following someone doing this kind of work?","answer":"Different"}
{"text":["So let me ask you because eating the supermodel of the fruit world doesn't sound like necessarily a bad thing. You've written a book about this kind of stuff, \"Bet The Farm: How Food Stopped Being Food. \"Is food part of the problem?Has it become less nutritious?Is it just good-looking and less good for us?","I think that the argument among the dietitians is that, yes, the higher sugar content is robbing food of a lot of its nutritional value. And I also think there is a tradition in America of somehow seeking perfection through our food, that somehow, if we eat right, we will make ourselves mentally and spiritually better. And so, of course, if we see row after row of perfectly glistening, absolutely gorgeous, completely look-alike apples, we think, yeah. I want that.","But fruit is still good for humans?","Of course, eat like your grandmother told you to eat - is probably the best advice."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The fruit is not a supermodel, it is just the perfect, good looking one of the crop.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue describes the appearance of the apples?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["Why, over really a period of 25 years or so, have there been so many misadventures?How do you explain, for example, Iraq?How do you explain the lack of progress after so many years in Afghanistan?Why was the Libyan intervention unsuccessful?And I think the conclusion is is that the United States has focused more since the end of the Cold War not so much on defending against external threats but focusing more on the internal governance of foreign countries and trying to change it.","So rather than maintaining a strong defense in protecting our national interests, we've tended to promote democracy in other countries, we've engaged in nation-building exercises, we've engaged in regime change. And in most of those cases, we've been unsuccessful.","You were the U. S.  ambassador to Germany. Does the United States have - and you know the history - does the United States have no interest in preventing genocide and mass slaughter around the world?","I think genocide is probably the one case where we do have a responsibility. I mean, if it's real genocide and people are - there is mass murder, then I think we have a moral duty to intervene. But the problem is is that how you define that moral duty when it's not clearly genocide, when there's injustice, when there's discrimination, when, for instance, the young girls in Afghanistan can't go to school, that is not genocide."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Does the US have a responsibility to intervene in cases of genocide and mass slaughter?","questions":"How does Ambassador define the US responsibility to intervene in cases of mass murder?","answer":"Genocide"}
{"text":["And they would need 60 votes to do that bill, which means they would need at least eight Democrats and probably more to come on board to essentially re-pass some form of health care legislation to offer insurance to people on the individual market. I think realistic people in this debate on both sides of the equation say that is the most unrealistic option at this stage.","Do you hear any concern from Republican leaders or individual Republican legislators about the public opinion polls that suggest that the Republican health care proposals are extravagantly unpopular, less than 20 percent?","They are fully aware of how unpopular this legislation is. But I will tell you, Scott, every single conversation I have had with a Republican lawmaker on Capitol Hill is they say not doing anything on health care - letting this bill fail - is the worst possible political outcome because it is the singular thing that they have all campaigned on. It is the reason why they believe they have congressional majorities in the White House. And to fail on that would completely deflate the Republican base and structurally weaken the party going into the midterm elections.","But Mitch McConnell at the same time can't pull some Democrats over with a plan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Is it possible for Mitch McConnell to get support from Democrats for a plan?","questions":"What is the reason Republican lawmakers believe letting the health care bill fail would be the worst possible political outcome?","answer":"Approval"}
{"text":["It was pretty openly reported over these past couple of years that Secretary Mattis, General Kelly and Secretary of State Tillerson had a kind of working agreement not to leave President Trump on his own with major decisions. Was this always a little unworkable and even patronizing?I mean, Donald Trump was elected president, after all.","I would be astonished if that rumor were true because that would be an act of real unprofessionalism on all three of their parts. And I think all three of them are more professional than to have engaged in that. Moreover, as the history of it played out, it wasn't true, right (laughter)?So. . .","Another major story that might have been overlooked in a busy week - North Korea said this week it won't denuclearize until U. S.  withdraws forces from South Korea and Japan. Do you have. . .","That has. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : General Kelly, Secretary Mattis, and Secretary Tillerson were not supportive of President Trump","questions":"Which rumor was PersonA astonished if it were true?","answer":"Agreement"}
{"text":["I decided to take matters in my own hands and decided to raise the funds that I need to get the materials that the kids need. The budget wasn't going to change. The only thing is, it was going to get worse. I had decided that I should advertise on my test, and I said, well, if you would like to put a quote or an ad at the bottom of my test, then it'd be kind of a mutual - they help the kids, and then I help them get a little bit of PR out of it.","And so the parents, they responded well?","Absolutely. Back to school night, I had one parent give me a $100 check, and she said, I hope this gets you started, and I actually had a lot of good comments, saying that's very creative and thinking outside the box.","And I've actually gotten emails from parents and one from my school district saying, you know, I am glad somebody is finally speaking up and saying that parents are having a tough time footing the bill for things that should have been paid for through their tax dollars and paid through the school system.","And what did the kids says?I mean, aren't they kind of bombarded by advertising all day long when they are not in school?","They really like the quotes, and they actually look forward to them. I've had students say, hey, what's going to be the next quote, and I tell them, you have to wait."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"if you would like to put a quote or an ad at the bottom of my test, then it'd be kind of a mutual - they help the kids, and then I help them get a little bit of PR out of it.\" - The actual meaning is a suggestion for a mutually beneficial arrangement where the person advertising on the test would get some positive publicity in exchange for helping the kids.","questions":"Which type of arrangement did PersonA suggest for advertising on the test?","answer":"Beneficial"}
{"text":["Well, the - there in every single state, and the data changes state by state, but in every single state, there is a huge disproportionality between the number of particularly African-Americans, but also Latino youths, who wind up in high-level facilities, as opposed to Caucasians youth who wind up in high-level facilities.","And by high level you mean the higher security, more. . .","I mean, higher - yes, more intensive, more secure facilities. Ironically, or maybe not so ironically, when you look at high - facilities that have a high-level of treatment, you'll see disproportionally white youth in the high-level of treatment facilities. But from the very first day, when we start with arrests, which I'm sure you're very familiar with, but moving on through the system, there is continuous and increased disproportionality.","That doesn't even deal with the real disproportionality in the system, between families that have assets, and the families that have fewer assets. So, youth in the juvenile justice system are primarily African-Americans and Latinos that are almost entirely low-income youth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker clarifies that 'high-level' means more intensive and secure facilities.","questions":"How does the speaker define 'high-level'?","answer":"Intensive"}
{"text":["But Joan Warren, another reader, saw it this way. She wrote: I think it's incumbent upon voters to rise above this kind of distraction. The responses from both campaigns, reaction from our readers, and the photo from his trip to Africa that we're talking about is on the front page of our blog right now. So people can go and check it out.","So we also covered the president's trip to the continent of Africa. What's been the response on the blog?","Well, you know, all sorts of video and photos of President Bush dancing and making nice with the locals in Africa are all over the Web. On our blog we talk specifically about what his Africa legacy would be. The blogger D. J. Black Adam wrote on our site: Dare I say his record will be better than that of our first so-called black president, Bill Clinton?However, his administration has done nothing regarding Darfur. Overall grade: F+ in contrast to Bill Clinton's F.  So some tough words there.","What else is getting traffic on the blog?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Joan Warren believes voters should not be distracted by the controversy surrounding the photo from Bush's trip to Africa.","questions":"What was Joan Warren's perspective on the controversy surrounding the photo from Bush's trip to Africa?","answer":"noted"}
{"text":["I don't see that this is something that you can avoid. I like the idea that they might have a problem with me liking it. That makes sense. I think, you know, in the West we have - it seems kind of retrograde that I would like it, but you know, insofar as my kids are concerned, I think it's part of a skill set that everybody should have growing up.","It used to be in the purview of the aristocracy, you know, from fencing societies to, you know, Marquis of Queensbury Boxing Rules. These were the pursuits of the upper classes, you know, not even 100 years ago.","So if you were a person fit for society, this is what you did. You know, somebody might counter with well, we no longer duel either. You know, we settle our disagreements, we're guided by the rule of law. You know, I mean, when you're in a bar and a guy is not letting you leave the bar because somehow he's chosen you in this, you know, great moment of flesh meeting flesh that you and him are going to - I mean, there are lots of options, but it would be nice at that point in time probably for you to learn - know how to defend yourself.","Now, there's some people who have never had occasion to need to defend themselves, and to them this might seem to be a very strange pastime, but I don't know many people like that.","All right. Well, Eugene, thanks a lot."],"speaker":["A","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It used to be in the purview of the aristocracy, you know, from fencing societies to, you know, Marquis of Queensbury Boxing Rules.These were the pursuits of the upper classes, you know, not even 100 years ago. Literal meaning: The speaker is discussing the historical association of martial arts with the upper classes.","questions":"What kind of pursuits were associated with the upper classes in the past?","answer":"Sports"}
{"text":["I never had an apartment before, so just finally having my own place. And it was magical. It was gorgeous - beautiful tub. I never could use the tub because I was afraid of the roaches.","So unfortunately there's always like pros and cons to that, but it was mine. And I loved it like it was my baby. And I still miss that apartment even though there is bug issues. I miss it.","Well, it made me wonder why there aren't more songs like that in R&B. I mean, R&B is very dominated by relationships - right?- sex, relationships songs. But it does - it did make me wonder, why aren't there more songs about other milestones in R&B?Like, why is that?","Well, first of all, I'm thankful that people love new apartments so much because I always feel like my comfort zone is writing about romance and sex. But I think there's this narrative that the world just wants to hear about simple things and - or just extreme, like, sadness. I've just been broken up with or something like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker has emotional attachment to the apartment despite its flaws.","questions":"Which object does the speaker have emotional attachment to?","answer":"Tub."}
{"text":["However, they pointed out to me that they could do so much, but they needed roofing materials. Without roofing materials, when the rains come in the rainy season, it will all be washed away, their work. And that seemed to me to be an example of the sort of local women's group that needs to be supported. That groups like that can participate as they want to in the re-integration and recovery process. It's very important that the government of Southern Sudan, with the support of the international community, give support to local women's groups like these.","Well Melanie, thank you so much.","Thank you.","Melanie Teff is with Refugees International. She recently returned from a trip to Southern Sudan, where she helped with returning refugees and the advancement of women's rights."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Local women's groups in Southern Sudan need support from the government and international community for their re-integration and recovery process.","questions":"How did the local women's groups in Southern Sudan require support?","answer":"Roofing"}
{"text":["And, you know, I actually - I stumbled across an obituary from the New York Times for a Rough Rider, not even one of the famous Rough Riders. But it was from the '30s, and it went through his career. And it struck me that, you know, if here's a guy who's not even that famous, but he's significant enough that 40 - almost 40 years later, he gets an obituary in the New York Times. So what does that say about how famous and how significant these people were at the time?And what is that significance?So that really struck for me that match of thinking, OK, now I need to find the answer.","Well, were they hugely famous when the United States organized an army and invaded Cuba in 1898?","Absolutely. You know, there was this moment in 1898 where I think - and this is the significance of the war - is that it changed how America thinks about its military and about its role in the world. And it gave a positive spin to the idea that American can have a military and should go out into the world to intervene, to bring freedom.","And for a lot of people, even at the time - and editorialists wrote about this. They said the Rough Riders are emblematic of that new America, of this idea that we have this power and we have this - the strength and these values at home. And now we're going to arm them and take them out into the world. And to me, that resonates throughout the 20th century. Time after time, we do that same sort of thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The idea of using military intervention for spreading American values has been consistent throughout the 20th century.","questions":"Which idea has been consistent throughout the 20th century?","answer":"Idea"}
{"text":["Basically, this conflict, it stems from a power struggle between two very big people in South Sudan, the president, Salva Kiir, and his former vice president, Riek Machar. You have two guys who couldn't be more different. Kiir's this former commander from the independence struggle, a man of few words, in his ubiquitous black cowboy hat. And Machar is a smooth-talking, British-educated guy with a green philosophy who happens to be a huge fan of Karl Rove.","Now, besides being different personalities, these guys are also different tribes. And the tribal aspect of this conflict is what's triggered the most horrific aspects of this war. That's the violence that the pre-genocide label gets attached to.","The United States has a lot at stake in South Sudan. It helped create the nation, first under President Bush and then President Obama in 2011. What's Secretary of State Kerry proposing?","Well, Secretary Kerry has been talking about this idea of a transitional government. It's kind of - if you remember, back in January they tried a ceasefire that was disrespected by both sides because it told people to stop fighting. It didn't address why they were fighting, which was to control the government."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the tribal aspect of this conflict has triggered the most horrific aspects of this war. The implied meaning is that the tribal divisions are at the root of the war and are responsible for the extreme violence.","questions":"How is the tribal aspect of the conflict responsible for the extreme violence in South Sudan?","answer":"Tribal"}
{"text":["About the South, I think what's missing is an attention to the ways that we have progressed but the paradox of that progress here for many folks. We're not getting to those deep structures because the South is so glittery now. We have Starbucks, and we have Whole Foods. And there are cranes in the sky, as Solange Knowles would say, all across the South. We're in the newest New South. There are lots of stories about growth and progress. But, again, at what cost?On whose backs?","And so about Memphis, I think what we miss is that because we have seemingly healed in the form of a museum, in the form of commemoration, in the form of reckoning with this assassination that we're on the upswing, that we're moving forward. But as I mentioned earlier, I feel that time has stood still and gone backwards and circled around us in a lot of ways here and that what gets missed is that there are people in the middle of this play of politics, in the middle of this history who are crushed but that still are striving in ways that are remarkable and beautiful. There is joy. There is dancing. There is singing. Sometimes, I hop into a church just to hear the sounds of joy that come out. And I think that gets lost in the way that we talk about the city in the national media.","Zandria Robinson is a sociology professor at Rhodes College and a Memphis native. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite the progress and growth in the South, there are still underlying issues that need to be addressed.","questions":"Which state is mentioned as being in the newest New South?","answer":"South"}
{"text":["Yesterday, we reported on the U. N.  Security Council meeting that took place on Friday. The topic was Kashmir. It seems like there was not really a consensus on how to move forward on this issue. Did you have a sense of how the residents of Kashmir would like - what role they would like the international community to play in this conflict, if any?","I think that a majority of Kashmiris are really, really tired of the violence. Many, many years ago, there had been a lot of hopes on Pakistan. But I think that hope is gone. Once the ban on communication is lifted, when Internet is restored, many are expecting to see a few - at least a few clashes between protesters and Indian security forces in Kashmir.","That's journalist Rahul Pandita. He was kind of to join us from Delhi.","Rahul, thank you so much for speaking with us about your reporting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : that the people don't want any more violence and want it to stop ","questions":"What was the initial topic of discussion in the U.N. Security Council meeting?","answer":"Kashmir"}
{"text":["So for a couple years now, Topps has had an app - say it ain't so - for baseball card-collecting and trading cards. These are virtual cards, not the cardboard ones that come with a stick of gum. I mean, it's called a Bunt, and you've tried it out. Tell us what you think.","Oh, it does - I should point out the packs do come with a stick of gum. It's just a virtual stick of gum.","Don't try to chew that gum.","No, that's what I was (laughter) - the whole thing is basically just an exercise in using your imagination, if you're old enough that you need to imagine for this stuff. If you're 13 to 25, which is, like - 80 percent of the Bunt users are - then I don't imagine there's anything weird about a piece of virtual gum showing up on your phone, exploding and then turning into baseball cards.","Well, it's been around for a while. I mean, can Topps call Bunt a success?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Don't try to chew that gum\" has a figurative meaning. It is a warning or joke to not try to interact with the virtual gum as if it were real gum.","questions":"How does the statement \"Don't try to chew that gum\" convey a figurative meaning?","answer":"Warning"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Melissa Block. This week, Republican front-runner Donald Trump warned that there would be riots if Republican leaders reject him as the nominee, even if he's ahead in the delegate count. He was talking about the possibility of a contested convention. If Trump fails to get to the magic number of 1,237 delegates, things are going to get complicated - Byzantine even. And if you are an unbound or unpledged delegate - that is a delegate who can vote for whomever you want - you're probably about to get a lot of phone calls. Matt Micheli is one of those unpledged delegates. He's also chairman of the Wyoming Republican Party. And he joins us now from Casper. Welcome to the program.","Thank you, Melissa.","What does it mean to be - for you to be an unbound delegate?You're essentially a free agent, right, when you go to the convention.","That's right. We still represent the state of Wyoming and we - the results of what the Wyoming people want, I think, is what we will all try to do. But there's no law or no limits on who we can vote for at National Convention. We are free agents."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The turn (4) implies that the Wyoming Republican Party believes in democratic principles and values, and the party's unpledged delegates will do their best to reflect the will of the state's residents at the Republican National Convention. However, as unbound delegates, they are not legally bound to vote for any specific candidate.","questions":"Which state's Republican Party does Matt Micheli represent as an unbound delegate?","answer":"Wyoming"}
{"text":["Exactly. Well, they, you know, they have a head start in knowing at least that they're meant to be living in the nervous system, which means that there's a little bit of built-in safety and stability that may not quite exist in cells. They can become and kind cell to.","And how long are they effective for in the life of the mice they're injected into?","Well, in the mice that we've looked at, they were effective throughout the lifespan of the animal. So they were present, having their action and, you know, ultimately the animals do die. But it raises the question of, well, what about if we re-dose the animals?Would we have an even longer effect?Would we increase even the area that the stem cells were able to engraft in?Would we have a better effect?You know, that is where the investigations now need to go.","All right. Dr.  Snyder, thank you for taking time to be with is today and happy holiday to you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Stem cells are more stable and safe than cells but can become any cell type","questions":"How are stem cells different from cells in terms of safety and stability?","answer":"Safety"}
{"text":["Erik Nourrie was in Brazil a while back when he got too close to a wild monkey.","I guess he got a little agitated. I was too close, and he socked me.","There was another monkey attack in an enclosure in Honduras. His wife snapped some photos of that one. Maybe its karma, maybe it's a spiritual test of resilience. But Erik Nourrie says he travels a lot to fun, dangerous spots. So all this happening to one guy makes him the world's unluckiest man. But the fact he survived it all makes him one lucky son of a gun.","You know, I believe God's in control. When it's my time, it's my time. And apparently, the other day, it wasn't my time yet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A \"son of a gun\" can be an insult or a term of endearment, the latter in this case. It has nothing to do with guns.","questions":"What is the term that PersonA uses to describe Erik Nourrie?","answer":"Son"}
{"text":["Yeah.","And so - especially in the 24\/7 cable environment, where you're desperate for eyeballs, you know, which would you rather see, somebody who's methodically and deliberately laying out the science of climate change or two people yelling at each other and getting. . .","Yeah.",". . . into a fight. So unfortunately, the media itself has some structural issues that make it harder to have a reasonable conversation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) implies agreement with the previous statement and reinforces the idea that the media environment has structural issues that prevent reasonable conversations.","questions":"How does turn 3 contribute to the idea of the media having structural issues?","answer":"Reinforces"}
{"text":["Oh, my God. I love them.","You love them.","I can eat one everyday. You hate them. I'm so interested.","It's literally, like, on my top three worst foods."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In this context, B's response \"You love them\" is not meant to convey a literal understanding of A's statement, but rather a sarcastic or skeptical response. B is implying that they do not share the same level of enthusiasm for whatever A is referring to. Therefore, the actual meaning of B's response is different from its literal meaning.","questions":"How did PersonB interpret PersonA's statement about loving something?","answer":"Skeptical"}
{"text":["So Beijing has basically made an offer to the people of Hong Kong that if they're willing to give up on dreams of greater democracy, they can be part of China's amazing economic rise, and they have offered them more integration with the kind of boom cities on the other side of the border in the mainland. The problem is that again and again and very dramatically over this extradition bill, the people of Hong Kong have said, no. They do not want that trade off. They actually are willing to protest and fight hard to maintain those freedoms that they still have.","So it's not even as though these protesters in Hong Kong are fighting for additional freedom. They're just saying we want to keep things the way they are. We don't want to see an erosion of the freedoms we do have.","That's right. I think it's important to be realistic. I mean, this has been an absolutely extraordinary - at times, very moving - protest by over a million people - overwhelmingly peaceful, very civic-minded, lots of different generations coming together. That's a fantastic thing and utterly unthinkable where I'm sitting in Beijing on the mainland - could never happen. But they are not about to get more democracy. They're not even about to get more freedoms. This is a defensive set of protests to keep what they have.","Interesting that you point out this would be very, very unlikely to happen in China. It makes me wonder, do the protests in Hong Kong pose any threat to China's leadership, to President Xi Jinping, to the Chinese Communist Party?Are they worried about this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The protesters in Hong Kong are fighting to maintain their current level of freedom, not to gain more freedom.","questions":"Which level of freedom are the protesters in Hong Kong fighting to maintain?","answer":"current"}
{"text":["The idea of this is that she - Julie escapes from Paris and ends up in Marseilles, and she joins the opera there, starts singing. And she becomes famous for the first time. . .","I mean, forgive me, we have to ask - how does a duelist on the run become a star of the Paris Opera?","(Laughter) Well, I don't know. She just auditioned for the Marseilles Opera, but then later on after the adventures that she had in Marseilles and Provence, she made her way to Paris with another lover, Thevenard, who was baritone. And he auditioned for the Paris Opera and he said I will only join you if my girlfriend can come, too. And so at the age of 17, she found herself part of one the world's great musical companies. And she became - both of them became stars.","And then there follows what you call the evening of gasps."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"she becomes famous for the first time\" - The use of \"first time\" in this context is figurative language that suggests Julie has never been famous before, rather than implying she has been famous multiple times before this event.","questions":"What is the implication of the phrase \"first time\" in turn 0?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["ou're also seeing some extreme moves by companies like Advantage Consultants who basically say, hey, we can supply you, Mr.  and Ms. Candidate, with an army-full of bloggers ready to get your campaign out on the blogosphere 24\/7. It's just - it's like the wild, wild West right now on the Internet.","Is that - I mean, of course, all fair - all is fair in love, war and politics. But is that cheating in a way, you know, blogs were created initially as if, like, I'm just going to express what's in my heart. And now, it sounds as if what you're saying is that there is a lot of people who are saying, I'm going to create the appearance that people are speaking from their heart.","Yeah, and, you know - and this is - gets into astroturfing and a whole bunch of other terminology behind what's the real message of these types of Web sites. You're right. The organic nature of a blog was to be something that was transparent, that wasn't agenda-driven. And obviously, when you start looking at politics and campaigns, it's agenda-driven. So now, they're looking at these tools being PR machines, more than this transparent, here-is-a-look-into-my-life type of outlet that it used to be.","Speaking of transparency, there is some information that campaigns don't always give out, like where their money is coming from. And tell me about OpenSecrets."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"astroturfing\" is a figurative expression that refers to the practice of creating a false grassroots movement or opinion.","questions":"What is the practice of creating a false grassroots movement or opinion called?","answer":"Astroturfing"}
{"text":["I assume, Sean, you're not going to have anyone there kind of pulling in the CNN-type touchscreen - pulling up results from various provinces. When might we get a really solid indication of who the next president of Afghanistan will be?","You're right. It is going to take some time here. We should start to get some basic, preliminary results in the coming days. But the actual count won't be completed until April 20. But once that's released, there's going to be several weeks of challenges, and a period where another body evaluates fraud and complaints and challenges from candidates. And May 14th is when the final, certified results of today's vote will actually be released. And most analysts are convinced that there's no chance any of the candidates will get more than 50 percent of the vote today, which means the top two candidates will go to a runoff, probably to be held sometime in June; meaning, we're looking at sometime late summer, early fall, actually, before we know who the next president of Afghanistan's going to be.","NPR's Sean Carberry in Kabul. Thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"pulling in the CNN-type touchscreen\" is not meant literally but figuratively. The speaker is referring to someone who can quickly access and display information from different sources, like a touchscreen on a news program.","questions":"What is the speaker referring to when they say \"CNN-type touchscreen\"?","answer":"Information"}
{"text":["I was like, is this really happening?I also was quite bothered by the fact that folk would actually take advantage of community organizers working, like, to shift the landscape of violence and discrimination that is happening in our country.","As an activist, are you concerned that people possibly outside of this country are using social issues, which are divisive, and trying to sort of pit people against each other?","That is the worry. It's a huge concern. And it's unfortunate. But this is the age of technology that we're living in. And with any business practice, you want to do your due diligence with the folks that you're partnering with. It's just better for our work that this has happened because then we get to elevate our work and be more intentional with the communities that we serve.","So when you say due diligence, what does that mean, practically speaking?What are you doing differently?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The landscape of violence is not an actual landscape but the way society promotes violence and violence is seen everywhere.","questions":"What is the \"landscape\" referred to in turn 0?","answer":"Violence"}
{"text":["We'd like to talk about the economy now. With a campaign for the upcoming presidential election already underway, you can expect the state of the economy to get a lot of attention. And one of the tools economists use to predict whether a recession is coming is the yield curve, so we want to tell you what that is and why it matters.","We've called Campbell Harvey for that. He's a professor of finance at the Fuqua School of Business at Duke University, and he was the first to demonstrate that the yield curve can predict a recession. Professor Harvey also says he only considers the indicator definitive if the inverted yield curve lasts for an entire quarter. And, well, the quarter ends today, so here to give us his thoughts about what's to come is professor Campbell Harvey.","Welcome. Thank you so much for joining us.","Great to be on the show.","All right. So let's get the headline, and then we'll work backwards. Are we going into a recession?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"state of the economy\" - This turn has a figurative meaning, as it refers to the overall condition of the economy rather than a specific physical location.","questions":"Which term has a figurative meaning in turn 0?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["What do you think needs to change now for the culture of harassment and sexual abuse to shift?","Well, I think what we're doing now is the biggest part. What has kept this quiet for so long is the fact that every victim felt that they were alone and felt that they were the only one. And they felt that their pain wasn't a big enough deal to bring it up and inconvenience other people. But now that you're seeing that so many other people are suffering and you're not the only one, we're all starting to stand up and do something about it. So we need to continue to talk about it, and we need to continue to find ways to keep this from happening anymore.","Kyle Stephens, I hope you can step out of the limelight for a while and, yeah, continue to heal. Thank you so much for talking with us.","Thanks, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People are starting to notice and take action on the issue.","questions":"What is the biggest part of shifting the culture of harassment and sexual abuse according to A?","answer":"Talking"}
{"text":["I don't know where life would have led Ionel Talpazan if he'd slept on a cardboard box on a corner of, say, Akron or Peoria. But in New York, a famous art figure named Henry Tobler saw an artist in his drawings and wrote about him in scholarly journals. His pictures were included in Manhattan art galleries, and from the 1990s on, Ionel made his way in the world by his art. By the time he died, his works had hung at the American Visionary Art Museum and museums in San Francisco, London, Berlin, Madrid and France. Talpazans were sold in fancy galleries from SoHo to Chelsea. The man who'd slept in a box moved to a New York apartment.","My art shows spiritual technology, something beautiful and beyond human imagination that comes from another galaxy, he once told the Western Folklore journal. So in a relative way, this is like the God. Ionel Talpazan imagined incredible things and made them alive in the eyes of others. In a way, he did escape on his UFO.","(Singing) I wouldn't fool you, but I - I've seen the saucers so many times, I'm almost. . .","Elton John. You're listening to NPR News."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  while (4) is a call back to the story of Ionel Talpazan by using the metaphor of a UFO to symbolize his escape from his life in poverty.","questions":"What is the metaphor used in relation to Ionel Talpazan's life in poverty?","answer":"UFO"}
{"text":["Wow. So that must have even surprised the researchers, I imagine.","Yeah, well the big thing is nobody really has any even guess about how the brain is able to do this. They did some similar experiments where they weren't turning somebody's world upside-down, they were - they had goggles that reversed right and left. So everything that was on your right is suddenly on your left.","And again, the first few days were just madness from the point of view of somebody doing this. The whole world is reversed. But after a few days, the brain adjusted to it.","Amazing. And so when they took the goggles of him and he had to go back to the normal life, how long did that take?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The brain is capable of adjusting to normalcy after experiencing an unusual situation.","questions":"What is the big thing that nobody has any guess about?","answer":"How"}
{"text":["Yeah. I can imagine.",". . . run me out of the lab on a rail. But they were delighted. They were so imaginative and they were so - well, they're both fiction readers, which helps, so they understand what literature can do, that it's symbolic and how you can sort of tell the truth in a fictional way.","So they - we just have a great time. We spent hours in conversation about this. If it did happen, then what would be the reasons?You know, we sort of backed up and had all of these hypothesis and, you know, Dr.  Brower was even saying, oh, and there's another species of milkweed, and if that range shifted a little too - so we were really - they were very enthusiastically helping me create this imaginary world, which gave me a lot of confidence in the final manuscript because they vetted it for me and they made sure that every degree of temperature was accurate and all the equipment used by the scientists in this novel were, you know, I haven't positioned them upside down. You know, everything, every detail has to be right.","So I really appreciate, not just Dr.  Brower and Dr.  Fink, but all of the scientists who have done a lot of work on monarchs that I relied - on which I relied to get my facts straight."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The scientists didn't actually run me out of the lab, but were very supportive.","questions":"How were the scientists towards the speaker in the lab?","answer":"Supportive"}
{"text":["And if these valleys are so remote, how did these civilizations develop in this unforgiving area?","Well, that's the thing. We're only now starting to realize that this so-called virgin or impenetrable jungle in prehistoric times was anything but. It was very heavily settled. There were many thousands of people living in these areas, and it wasn't virgin jungle. It was more like a tended garden. They cleared huge areas for farming. They terraced. They built irrigation canals. They built roads. They built enormous pyramids and structures.","And the idea that the rainforest of Central and South America - the soils were too poor to support major agriculture and large populations turns out to be a false idea. In fact, even in Amazonia, they're now realizing that these supposedly impenetrable jungles in Amazonia were, in fact, heavily settled by people in prehistoric times.","And they are remote today, but not too remote to be of interest to loggers."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The jungle was not virgin but was heavily settled.","questions":"Which area was heavily settled?","answer":"jungle"}
{"text":["If I had any confidence that another state would follow suit, I would agree with you. But we have watched as, really, only two states in the nation have done truly independent congressional redistricting. Neither of them are what I would call red states. And one of them is California, the state with the largest number of congressional seats in the country. And even though California moved forward with their independent redistricting, not one Republican state followed suit. So if what we're trying to do is have more Republicans in Congress, then I would say, yes, we back Governor Hogan's plan and just change it in Maryland.","But this sounds a little bit like a playground argument. Well, if they're not going to do it, I'm not going to do it, either, regardless of what may be right.","Well, that's what my bill solves. It allows for two states to do it simultaneously. And hopefully, that then moves a process forward that other states can then join.","Is there buy-in from Virginia?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker's bill allows for more states to follow suit in independent congressional redistricting.","questions":"What does the PersonA's bill facilitate?","answer":"More"}
{"text":["Well, when I was in Durban, I spoke to an Ethiopian shopkeeper who had lost everything. His shop was broken into and it was ransacked. There was pretty much nothing left on the shelves. And it looked that someone tried to even torch the shop. But the shop belongs to a South African landlord. He was renting the shop out to the Ethiopian man. And there are many stories like that across KwaZulu Natal, which is where you'll find Durban, on the east coast of South Africa.","But there was considerable violence, and not just to property, but also to people?","Very much so. Five people died in the last two weeks, including two South Africans, might I say, who were killed during the violence. The South African mobs and looters had gone to shop after shop, which were owned by migrants - African migrants. And they looted them and they were taunting them, telling them that they're taking their jobs and their economic opportunities, they must go back to where they come from.","Is there something that the government can do to stop this happening?Like, for example, institute something that happens in a lot of industrial countries - a minimum wage, for example?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Could the government do something to prevent this from happening, such as introducing a minimum wage?","questions":"Which solution did PersonB propose for preventing the violence against African migrants?","answer":"Minimum"}
{"text":["Now, Republican Sen.  Jeff Sessions suggested - I guess - that Mr.  Lew, because he wrote the White House budget, might essentially lack the proper perspective. Is this going to harm him politically?","Well, Jeff Sessions is going to vote against him. But significantly, Sessions has not said whether he would put a hold on Lew's nomination, or lead a filibuster. And I think most betting in Washington is that Lew will be confirmed. He will not face significant opposition. It seems that Sessions' main problem with him is that he represents President Obama's budget policies - as he should, because he's working for the president.","Yeah. Of course, there's been a lot more objections voiced over the selection of Chuck Hagel, President Obama's choice for Defense secretary; questions raised about his depth of his commitment to Israel, policies towards containing Iran. Let's get an understanding - your understanding, at the moment, of where the opposition for that rests.","Well, first, the opposition is, obviously, with Republicans. They consider him an apostate. They think Hagel was a turncoat. He once talked about how the Jewish lobby intimidates people in Washington. They feel he's been squishy on Iran sanctions. He's said the Pentagon budget was bloated. He also was a loner, when he was in the Senate, so he doesn't have a lot of deep friendships. He has been going on the offensive; giving a lot of interviews, trying to clarify his remarks, explaining how he is as strong on Israel and Iran as anybody else."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing disapproval or criticism towards the listener or a third party, but doing so indirectly or politely.","questions":"What is the speaker implying by using an indirect or polite way to express disapproval or criticism towards the PersonB or a third party?","answer":"Opposition"}
{"text":["I think it's very important for people to unplug. Setting aside the whole question and dangers of addiction, let's assume you're not somebody who is addicted, but you are still constantly plugged in. The downsides are likely to be, first of all, no time to think, no time to just reflect on what you feel, what you think, what you've been experiencing. And wisdom really comes to us through the process of reflecting on our experience and our feelings and thoughts. So, I think people are in danger of not being able to become wise if they don't take time to think.","Plus there is this huge factor of engagement with other people. We are we're social animals. We need to be connected. There's something called limbic resonance, which is kind of an energetic resonance that gets set up between two people when they are engaged in a positive and constructive way with each other and they are able to develop the relationship. And we know that when people do not have enough of that engagement with each other, they suffer depression and they suffer in other ways. So, getting unplugged allows you to get reengaged with real people in your life that matter to you.","Let's talk a little bit about how online addiction can work in tandem with other addictions. I'm thinking about gambling. There's now all sorts of online gambling. There's also pornography.","Right."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Constantly being plugged in prevents people from becoming wise","questions":"What is the main downside of being constantly plugged in according to A?","answer":"No-time"}
{"text":["Dale Berra has written a book about his father and family - father most Americans know by just one name, Yogi - Lawrence \"Yogi\" Berra, the Hall of Fame catcher of the Mantle, Maris and Whitey Ford New York Yankees in the 1950s and '60s. Yogi was the American League's Most Valuable Player three times that became almost as beloved as an almost cuddly catcher who babbled with bewildering but good-natured malapropisms like, it's deja vu all over again. He went on to manage the Yankees, then the Mets. Dale Berra was himself a major leaguer with the Yankees, the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Houston Astros, but he brought down his own career with drugs. His new book, \"My Dad Yogi: A Memoir Of Family And Baseball\" - Dale Berra joins us from New York. Thank you so much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott. Thanks for having me.","Your father famously said, I never said most of the things I said. The Yogi-isms - how did he talk at home?","To tell you the truth, Dad, as we like to say, is the most quoted man who never said anything. Dad was just Dad at home."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \u2018Dad was just Dad at home\u2019 refers to the children not seeing their father\u2019s fame as affecting their relationship in any way - a separation of job and home life.","questions":"Which aspect of Yogi Berra's personality did his children see at home?","answer":"Dad's-true-self"}
{"text":["Yes. I think it still is hard for some categories of people, so I'm keen to support people from underrepresented groups in physics. But also, there are people who maybe badly need the money. People from less well-off households could be very good physicists but just don't have that financial cushion.","So I'm wondering what advice you'd give to a young woman pursuing a career in the sciences.","I'd encourage her to hang in there. It's not quite as easy for her as it is for her male colleagues, but it is getting better. And working in the sciences is fantastic. You'll never want for a job.","Jocelyn Bell Burnell is an award-winning astrophysicist. Congratulations on your award."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Most people don't have enough money to pay for school.","questions":"What is the category of people that PersonA is keen to support in physics?","answer":"Underrepresented"}
{"text":["There's that feeling - I mean, so many of us have parents in the industry. I mean, that's what this region is about, especially around Detroit, and Wayne State's in Detroit, the heart of Detroit. So, it's nerve-racking. Everyone is nervous. Everyone doesn't know what's going to happen next. We're all watching the news very closely. But at the same time, it's interesting, because with my generation, we almost seem to, kind of, not be as directly impacted. I mean, our family is, it puts stress on us, but the day to day of the university and the day to day at school doesn't seem to have changed that much.","I understand you have friends there who are engineering majors. Do they have any sense of what their future looks like, and will be it there in Michigan?","Everybody is secure in their choices and secure in their decision. Everybody thinks that the industry will come around, especially now with the news that GM is getting money from the government. And everybody is more hopeful, and I mean, the auto industry has always been one of the largest industries and a staple in America, and to think that that industry is just going to vanish, nobody is willing to concede that.","Alex Marinica is a junior studying at Wayne State University in Detroit. Thanks so much, Alex."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite being nervous, the speaker finds the current situation interesting","questions":"Which feeling?","answer":"Interesting"}
{"text":["Is there a danger of South Koreans becoming too complacent?","I think that they do talk about that. But there's also reality, which is when you have this incredibly materialistic society, it's literally a, you know, (speaking Korean) style (speaking Korean) land, then, you know, the reality of this war with this nation under Kim Jong Un kind of doesn't strike anyone as a realistic thing. And, yes, there is a danger to it. But at the same time, life does go on. And life is a very, very, very fast and active one in South Korea.","So we've been talking about war. What about peace?Do the South Koreans even think about the possibility of detente anymore, the possibility of the border reopening?","I mean, I think the issue of one Korea reunification is one of those politically manipulated one. You know, the left parties used it. The right has used it, certainly, in South Korea. So it's almost like this sort of symbol whenever they need to use sort of national security in order to unite people or get their agenda across. So it's almost become a tired one, where everyone - if you were to talk to them and you interview South Koreans, they'll all say, reunification is necessary. Do they want it?They would pause. Do they want to pay for 25 million North Koreans?Do they want refugees?They don't really want that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The reality of the war with North Korea does not seem like a realistic threat to South Koreans due to their fast-paced and materialistic lifestyle.","questions":"How do South Koreans perceive the threat of war with North Korea?","answer":"War"}
{"text":["Good to be with you.","So we just heard about what this decision means practically speaking, but what about politically?What's the thought process here?","I think the administration does not want too much attention to be paid to the person that they're handling this portfolio to. In other words, they don't want the czar concept. That was something of a media concept. You know, we do love czars. We like our drug czars, our energy czars. So. . .","And what sounds better than car czar?","(Soundbite of laughter) It's perfect. It was irresistible. And that is exactly why they decided to resist it because they knew we couldn't resist it. They wanted this fellow, and they have a person, his name is Ron Bloom. He has been an investment banker. He has been involved in a number of manufacturing, restructuring situations. And they wanted to bring him into the Treasury Department as a senior adviser to Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The administration doesn't want to draw attention to the position by calling it a 'czar'","questions":"What does the administration not want the position to be labeled as?","answer":"Czar"}
{"text":["Uterine artery embolization really cuts off the blood flow. The focused ultrasound works slightly differently because it's actually a procedure that doesn't require any incisions. The high-intensity ultrasound goes through the abdominal wall and is able to destroy the fibroid. So, it really doesn't affect the blood supply, but it can zero in and destroy the fibroid tissue.","It sounds like there's been a lot of advances in how people deal with this.","There have been, and I think that many women need to know better what their options are, and even many doctors are not aware of all of the ongoing research. For so many years, we just kind of relied on hysterectomy to fix all of the problems. And I think as women are busy in the workforce and doing more activities with their family and working that the benefit of minimally invasive treatments is really evident.","Suppose that you're someone who's had fibroids and you've had them removed, is there a chance they're going to come back, and if so, what do you do then?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : And I think as women are busy in the workforce and doing more activities with their family and working that the benefit of minimally invasive treatments is really evident.\" - The actual meaning is that because women are busy with work and family, they need treatments that are less invasive and have a shorter recovery time.","questions":"How does the benefit of minimally invasive treatments become evident?","answer":"Evident"}
{"text":["For people who can't see it, can you describe what things look like right now and some - the actions the Corps is taking on a daily basis to address it?","You know, sometimes it is hard to describe. You know, you're driving down roads that were normally - there might be 50 or a hundred yards to the river. Suddenly, the river is, you know, 10 or 15 yards from where your car is or, you know, where you typically are running for physical training is now underwater.","And in terms of the levees themselves, when you walk the levees, you know, typically, where the water might be 20, 25 feet away from the top of the levee, maybe now it's within five or six feet. So when you see what, you know, a couple hundred thousand cubic feet per second of water looks like rolling down the Arkansas River and it's within feet of the bridges, whether they're pedestrian or vehicular, you know, sometime there used to be 20 feet of clearance, it's pretty awe-inspiring.","What are you doing to shore up the levees themselves?And are you inviting residents to help?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The flooding is so severe that familiar landmarks are unrecognizable.","questions":"How are familiar landmarks affected by the flooding?","answer":"Unrecognizable."}
{"text":["That is true. Although, I wouldn't call myself a dolphin trainer or any of that. I did start working with dolphins as a high school job, going into college, back in the 1970s.","And what did you do?","I started out there as a diver. I, you know, fancied myself a junior Jacques Cousteau. But in real terms, my job was to scrub tanks for the most part.","Are we looking at a new time in, what I'll call the display world, the museum world, the animal world, in which, I think, institutions that try and have animals available for people to get to know them are rethinking the whole terms of captivity?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is hinting that animal captivity may be in need of reform.","questions":"What is the speaker implying about the need for reform in animal captivity?","answer":"Need"}
{"text":["I don't know why anybody thinkS that a presidential candidate would be playing presidential politics. But his feeling - McCain's feeling is that he's talked to enough House Republicans who probably liked the fact that McCain got involved, felt that there was some possible - if not a framework, some advancement towards a goal, towards a solution and we shall allow him to go down to Oxford.","So, what do you expect to see there tonight?","Well, you know ostensibly, the subject is foreign policy, national security. But you know that - with this on everybody's mind and certainly the voters' minds, with less than six weeks to go, the questions will be about the bailout. I suspect though that - I'm not convinced that neither McCain nor Obama really know exactly what to do with it. And hopefully they won't play the blame game, which is so much of what's going on in Washington right now.","Well, let me ask you, how important does this debate seem now at this moment. I mean, maybe it's just simply blown away by the financial story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"It's just simply blown away\" implies that the financial story is much more important than the debate.","questions":"Which story is blowing away the debate according to PersonB's statement?","answer":"Financial"}
{"text":["So what about this contest?","What the CDC is trying to do is not just figure out what's going on right now with the flu, but what's going to happen in a week or two weeks out. Traditionally, we do what's called surveillance, which is what's going on right now in the United States. And that's a really hard problem because if you think about it, without using something like Twitter, you have to ask people what's going on. And the CDC does this; they do a very good job. But it takes them about two weeks to get those responses collected. What we're trying to do is predict things like what week is going to be the worst for the flu season; when is it going to end?","Do you run the risk of putting through the algorithms a lot of tweets from people who don't use, let's say, a word like fever in the same way people with flu would use it?","It's actually very tricky to use Twitter in order to get a flu rate. So, for example, someone might say, I have Bieber fever, which is not actually a disease that we care about tracking."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The literal meaning is that it is difficult to use Twitter to track the flu because people may use words like \"fever\" in non-medical contexts. The actual meaning is that there are challenges associated with using social media data to track the flu, including the need to filter out irrelevant or misleading information.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the challenges of using Twitter to track the flu?","answer":"Challenges"}
{"text":["And it's interesting. As you talk about this, the catcher today has regained some of that reputation from those days.","I think so. I think the catcher's toughness is really recognized. And also, the catcher's unique position, as somebody who's part of the offense and part of the defense, plays a key role in what the pitcher throws and the pitcher's ability to throw, you know, particularly balls in the dirt, which are very hard.","You know, if you don't have a good catcher back there, then the whole team is lost. And so I think the catcher has really started to regain the reputation of being a key contributor to both, and I think that's why so many great managers are former catchers.","We've been talking about Deacon White, the newest member of baseball's Hall of Fame. Baseball historian Peter Morris, thanks very much for your time today."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The catcher's toughness is highly valued and they have a crucial role in the team's success.","questions":"How is the catcher's role described in the dialogue?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Oh. . .",". . . equivalent to a nuclear bomb?","Well, it's about - its equivalent - the energy in that explosion is about 10 times the energy in the first atomic bomb. . .","Uh-huh."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The energy released in the explosion is incredibly powerful.","questions":"Which word describes the energy released in the explosion?","answer":"Energy"}
{"text":["Passe blanc - it's a phrase well-known in color-conscious corners of the black community. American literature is chock full of stories of light-skinned black folks passing for white. But, whites passing for black?That's a phenomena not so well mapped. History has provided us with examples of white entertainers in black face, and white artist performing black music form from R&B to rap. But, whites who have actually sought to become blacks, some of them successfully, is the subject of a new and fascinating book by Baz Dreisinger, excuse me. It's called \"Near Black: White to Black, Passing in American Culture. \"Baz, welcome to News &Notes.","Thanks for having me.","You call whites passing as blacks \"white passers. \"Central to this notion of white passing is proximity as you say in the book, let's talk about what you mean. Is that like blackness rubbing off on people?","It is, really. It starts in the 19th century as a kind of anxiety about black becoming closer to white, sometimes physically, sometimes metaphorically with the end of slavery, and it transforms into this notion that somehow, proximity to blackness has a kind of contagious character. And contagion is a metaphor that's used quite often in the narratives, and in the discourse surrounding white people passing for black, that the idea that being close can somehow transform one's racial identity."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The culture and character of black people can be obtained from them if you get too close ","questions":"What is the title of the book discussed in the dialogue that focuses on whites who successfully pass as black?","answer":"NearBlack"}
{"text":["What - the more typical word that I hear from younger evangelicals is a sense of not knowing what to do. Many of them can't in good conscience vote for either Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton. And I think that it's going to take several months before we even know what the answer to that is going to be.","Can you explain what part of Donald Trump's message is working with religious voters so that they would overlook maybe even some of their basic Christian beliefs to support him?","Well, I think it is the fact that many religious conservatives believe that the Republican Party has not only taken them for granted but made fun of them behind closed doors. And so I've heard from those who are supporting Trump their vote for Trump is really a vote to kind of shut the entire system down and start all over again. I think that's a very common sentiment.","Russell Moore of the Southern Baptist Convention, thanks so much for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"not knowing what to do\" - the literal meaning is that they are unsure of what actions to take, but the actual meaning could be that they are struggling to reconcile their religious beliefs with their political choices.","questions":"How are younger evangelicals feeling conflicted about their political choices?","answer":"Conflicted"}
{"text":["I am. I am. Otherwise I would've been scared to go fishing at the fishing places I was going to. Or I would've been scared to go hang out with my friends at the end of this road in the field, like, you know I'm saying?I didn't think - I didn't have to think about those things. I just got to be me and form my own opinions.","(Singing) See, I'm black. I'm not white, but I'm that. No. No. I'm this, right?I'm one drop of three-fifths, right?","Toward the end, you're questioning. You're like, wait, I'm this?No. I'm that?No. I'm one drop of three-fifths?And it struck me as unusual for you - an unusual way to deliver a song. Do you have questions about your identity?Are there things that, for you, are still not answered?","Well, to me, growing up, I was just an oddity no matter where I went. It was like - you feel me?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is expressing frustration with the limitations imposed on them by their identity.","questions":"What is the PersonA's feeling towards their identity?","answer":"Frustration"}
{"text":["So it's not unusual for hospitals to sue patients for unpaid medical bills, but there's so much striking about this situation. Like, what are some of the things where - that stands out about this about how unusual this is?","So Methodist is really aggressive in their use of the courts to collect on these debts. Once they get a judgment, they will hound a patient from low-wage job to low-wage job to try to garnish their wages, and that's what we saw with the main character in our story, Carrie Barrett. I call her Ms.  Carrie. So Ms.  Carrie had surgery in 2007, was sued in 2010. And since then, the hospital has actually added $18,000 worth of interest to her debt. So not only do they add, you know, $5,000 in attorney's fees - they're also accruing interest even as they know she works at low-income jobs.","So part of how this works is Methodist gets the judgment, and then they filed a garnishment order. The employer can return that garnishment order saying, basically, this person doesn't make enough to even have their wages garnished. Ms.  Carrie's employer was telling her she's not even making more than enough to have her wages garnished, and Methodist kept after her. It was like they were just waiting to see if she made a little bit more money so they could take it.","And they also are affiliated with the United Methodist Church. I mean, there are three bishops, as I understand from your reporting, that serve on the board. Did they have something to say about this?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Methodist hospital is very aggressive in collecting unpaid medical bills.","questions":"What is Methodist hospital's approach to collecting unpaid medical bills?","answer":"sue"}
{"text":["Different things. Some people have heard of the Ig Nobel Prize, many have not. To some of them - there have been some winners who have been waiting for it for years. More typically they're not quite sure what it is. Our standard policy, which - it has a few twists now and then. But in general, when we've chosen somebody, we will quietly get in touch with them, offer them the prize and give them the opportunity to quietly to decline the honor. And if they say no, that's fine, that's it. We never mention it. We don't even keep records. We give it to somebody else. But happily for us, not many people decline. Almost everybody accepts.","And some of them - do they actually go on to win the real Nobel Prize?","That's happened at least once. In the year 2000, we gave the Ig Nobel Prize in psychics to two physicists in England, Andre Geim and Michael Berry, who were, and are, quite eminent physicists. They won the Ig Nobel Prize that year for using magnets to levitate a frog. I don't know if you've seen the videos on the Web of that.","Yeah, yeah, yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Winning the Ig Nobel Prize doesn't discredit their scientific achievements","questions":"What is the reason for Geim and Berry winning the Ig Nobel Prize?","answer":"Levitate"}
{"text":["Having read about you, you just don't believe that this would be redundant but could be dangerous.","Yeah. If you put the two side by side, there's only one difference. And that is the FDA. The FDA gets taken out of the equation with the proposed legislation. The FDA is in the equation with the existing regulations. Compassionate Use process is extremely easy. Basically, go to your doctor. Find one who will agree to administer the therapy. Contact the drug company. See if they're also willing to agree. Fill out the paperwork. And then if the FDA doesn't object, the patient can get the treatment. And the only difference with the new legislation is that last part. The FDA is taken out of the equation.","With respect, why care so much about the FDA if a life is hanging in the balance?","So as a terminal cancer patient, I would, you know, obviously love to try something that's going to prolong my life or cure my cancer. The reality is that that's a very, very small statistic in terms of drug development discovery. Only 5 percent of drugs that go through phase one development actually go on to be approved. So you're talking about giving people medications that, in historical context, have only had a 5 percent chance of actually working at the end of the day. And then you're exposing these patients to, potentially, additional toxicities that could accelerate their death or cause additional problems for them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Compassionate Use process is extremely easy\" - This turn is literal in meaning. It explains how the compassionate use process works and implies that it is not complicated.","questions":"How does the FDPersonA factor into the current regulations?","answer":"FDA"}
{"text":["So we've now been looking at harmless bacteria, so - and we've been using that as a model system. So there's, I think, two major interests. One is a biological one, a microbiological one, is understanding bacteria better. And so it turns out there's also a number of pathogens that wear these coats, and so we would really like to look at what they look like and how they're able to interact with the host. And another interest is that because they are these highly ordered structures - and really the proteins, they assemble themselves, and that's a property that material sciences are interested in. So it's those -both those aspects that are interesting.","If the bacteria have this chainmail that surrounds them, how do nutrients and things get in and out of them?","So it - there you can really compare it like a chainmail. A chainmail is also not just like the armor that we probably know. It is little rings sitting next to each other, and they have holes. The nutrients get across those holes.","And does - do - does the chainmail look the same on all different kinds of bacteria, or are there distinctive patterns on some?Could you say, oh, I recognize that one?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"another interest is that because they are these highly ordered structures - and really the proteins, they assemble themselves, and that's a property that material sciences are interested in\" - The actual meaning is that the ordered structures of the bacteria's protein coats are of interest to material sciences, not that the bacteria themselves are materials.","questions":"Which sciences are interested in the ordered structures of the bacteria's protein coats?","answer":"Material"}
{"text":["Now, when we look at this, what they're doing, there was a - you know, in some ways perhaps a minor incident, but a telling one where the British publication, the Telegraph, reported online that the G8 leaders enjoyed a six course lunch followed by an eight course dinner. African leaders were not invited and of course they're talking about the global hunger situation. There was a lot of static about that. Do you think that, that was symbolic in any way or just, you know, big time world business as usual?","Well, Farai now you're going to draw the cynical side out of me. This was an incredibly stupid, careless move, by the G8 leaders where they basically seemed to have thought off camera they could do whatever they wanted to. And they demonstrated, for all to see, the contempt actually that they have towards the rest of the world.","That they basically - they see themselves, as in effect, the rulers of this planet. So, when they're on camera there'll be the tears, there'll be the concern. Off camera you saw this hideous example of consumption.","What do you think the G8 leaders should be doing in terms of an Africa agenda?I'm going to get to a couple of specific things, specific national issues of Zimbabwe and Nigeria in a second."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The G8 leaders showed disregard for global hunger by indulging in lavish meals without inviting African leaders.","questions":"What did the G8 leaders do to demonstrate their contempt towards the rest of the world?","answer":"Indulging"}
{"text":["I was only able to speak with them very briefly. I did ask the mother - I said, where are you from?And she said, we're from Honduras. And I said, well, how long have you been traveling to get to this place right now?And she looked at me and said, we've been on the road for a month. And I knew at that moment that this point in their journey, which was very emotional for me to see them being detained, for them was just part of a very, very long journey.","You're an award-winning photographer, and you've covered war and chaos. And I should mention that we're friends because we often covered the same things in the Middle East and Latin America. And you've been taking pictures at the border for the last decade. What did you see this past week more broadly?","Having covered this story for the last 10 years, I've seen a lot along the way. But in this case, this last week, it was different because I knew that what happened after these pictures were taken was going to be something very different. Most of us here had heard the news that the administration had planned to separate families. And these people really had no idea about this news. And it was hard to take these pictures, knowing what was coming next.","Yeah. This took a toll on you. You spoke about that in the Getty Images blog."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It made the person feel sadness and it was hard for them to see.","questions":"What emotion did the person feel while taking the pictures?","answer":"families"}
{"text":["I had always written about my mother. I started writing in college in a creative writing class. And some of the first stories I wrote were talking about different disagreements that we had. But what was important was the kind of larger struggles that were embodied in those arguments. I just published an essay about the conception of this book, and I talk about the issue of hair and how the struggle of hair between black mothers and black daughters is fraught with all of these racial tensions that are basically absorbed from the larger culture.","So I had always written about my mother as a way to write about these larger issues and about immigration and gender and motherhood. And during the time that my mother's health took a turn for the worse, I was a grad student at Columbia in their MFA program. And actually, it was the last day of school. And we had our graduation ceremony. And I found out that my mom was, you know, had a few months to live.","So I pretty immediately - because I was done with school - packed my things up. I quit the job that I had and moved back to Philadelphia and basically spent the last six months with her. It was, you know, it's an around-the-clock job. It's very draining. And at the end of the day, the only thing I had time to write were basically one paragraph or sometimes a sentence - reflections. And I just started collecting them in this folder. And I didn't tend to do anything with them, but they all started to fit together in this large story.","I want to have you read from one of those vignettes, Page 31."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"had always written about my mother as a way to write about these larger issues\" Actual meaning: The speaker wrote about their mother to explore broader topics such as immigration and motherhood. Non-literal meaning: None.","questions":"Which larger topics did the speaker write about through their mother?","answer":"Immigration"}
{"text":["And so when two clumps of free protons and electrons hit each other, they will slow each other down. But dark matter has no charge. That's why we can't see it because the only reason you and I could see anything, it's because there's charges that are being accelerated. That's what light is. But if something has no charge, it doesn't give off light.","So yeah, so in the Bullet Cluster, dark matter and galaxies stayed together just as they should, and in Abell 520, they do not, and that is a mystery as to why exactly that is. There isn't a comfortable explanation that can be readily arrived at.","Is there a theory about what may be happening, or just - you have to just think about it some more?","Well, so there's a number of things that could be happening. All of them are slightly disturbing."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) The speaker is saying that there are several possible explanations for the behavior of dark matter, but all of them are somewhat unsettling.","questions":"Which word describes the potential explanations for the behavior of dark matter mentioned by the speaker as disturbing?","answer":"Several"}
{"text":["So what is the argument that tech companies make about the feasibility of designing technology that would satisfy everyone's concerns?","We're not all on the same page here. So most of us in the technology community are opposed to what we call backdoors that would allow law enforcement to tap in. And the reason is is if you put a backdoor in, hackers can presumably get a hold of that backdoor as well and break it open. So you make systems less secure for everyone if you do that.","At a Senate hearing this month, FBI Director James Comey says he thinks that experts in this field aren't really trying hard enough to give the government access without also putting confidential data at risk. That is, I took it to mean that he's - thinks that if you try hard enough, you can think of something that is not a backdoor, that's different so that not everybody could get into it.","You know, yes, you can always argue that a backdoor can be built that's more secure, you know, and more difficult to get to and only law enforcement's going to get there. But nobody in the field of security believes that's ultimately going to provide this same protection that a tight end-to-end solution has without a backdoor. So I don't think it's a lack of will. I think it's an issue of what people view as constitutional rights under the Fourth Amendment, number one, and what customers and business partners expect around the world from secure computing systems. And it's a difference of view."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : : In (3), James Comey is implying that experts in the field should be able to come up with a solution that would allow the government to access confidential data without compromising security, which is not the same as saying that if they try hard enough, they can come up with a different type of backdoor.","questions":"What is James Comey suggesting in his argument about tech companies' ability to provide government access to confidential data?","answer":"Comey"}
{"text":["And so the lament is that it's not a beacon for environmentalism, it's not a beacon for greater labor standards or labor protections, but it's something else?","Yeah. I mean, it has turned into this dystopian vision of tech, where, you know, a few people prosper, and everyone else gets kind of poverty wages. Users of the service get pretty good service but kind of at the cost of all of these drivers getting very little from the service, getting very little equity. I think it is a betrayal of what Silicon Valley, you know, said that it stood for, which is creating new ideas that are good for the world at large, not just, you know, a few hundred people on the West Coast.","You know, many would herald Uber as a great American success story, a testament to what capitalism can create - right?- jobs for millions of people in the U. S.  and around the world. And its IPO will make a handful of people millionaires and even billionaires. Isn't that a good thing?","I mean, it's perhaps better than not having it, but I don't think it's fundamentally or sort of objectively a good thing. What would be better is if Uber was a smaller and less valuable company but that less value was sort of more equitably distributed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It would be better if the wealth created by Uber was distributed more equitably.","questions":"How would PersonA describe Uber's impact on labor standards?","answer":"poverty"}
{"text":["Welcome to WEEKEND EDITION.","Thank you so much, Lulu, for having me.","This book is about a moon ceremony. So explain what that is and where it comes from.","Well, moon ceremonies are traditional gatherings that happen for women across the Americans. They date back to precolonial times. And they're ceremonies where women gather around the full moon or the new moon. And in this case, a moon ceremony for a young girl coming of age happens right after her first period, her first menstruation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Gather around the moon, meaning the women gather around each other and gaze upon the full moon in the sky.","questions":"Which event do women traditionally gather around for a moon ceremony?","answer":"Moon"}
{"text":["Brazil is one of the leading producers of two very important crops: soy and corn. But lately, frozen credit has made it nearly impossible for farmers there to afford the basics that they need to grow those crops. Brian Willott farms 2,000 acres of soybeans just outside Bahia, Brazil. He joins us now by phone.","Welcome, Brian, and can you explain for us how the credit situation there in Brazil has affected you and other farmers?","Credit's a big problem right now. No farmer can survive today without credit, and since the credit crunch hit, everyone's credit has either been cut, delayed or more expensive. And it's got everyone here quite worried.","What do you use loans for?How important is it?What do you use it to buy?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Credit is important for farmers to survive and the credit crunch has made it more expensive and difficult to obtain","questions":"Which situation has made it difficult for farmers to obtain credit?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["I don't know what a - difference between an executive order and a proclamation is.","Well, proclamations seem to be more rare. They do kind of echo of something royal, but it has basically the same effect as an executive order.","And how would this change what somebody who wants to apply for asylum must do?","Well, it's trying to bar asylum for people who enter the U. S.  in between ports of entry."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Proclamations are rare and have a royal tone but have the same effect as an executive order","questions":"Which type of order has the same effect as a proclamation?","answer":"Executive"}
{"text":["What is your guideline?When do you tell an officer he or she has to start recording?","NOPD policy requires them to record the entire encounter until any police action has ceased. So what we're finding out though sometimes the cameras aren't on. Sometimes they aren't wearing the cameras. And those are clear violations, but then there were also supervisors telling officers things like turn it off during, you know, sensitive matters, but not defining what a sensitive matter could be.","We're also hearing complaints that only parts of interactions are being recorded. That's one of the things we're hearing now. So the misconduct is occurring off-camera, but then they're recording, you know, perfectly professional encounters on camera. So that's one of the things we're also hearing now. And. . .","That's a big complaint and, of course, you wouldn't have any - ironically or incongruously - you wouldn't have a video record of that misconduct, but you would have a video record of them doing it right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing their dissatisfaction or disappointment in a subtle or indirect way, rather than stating it directly.","questions":"What is the tone of the speaker in turn 2?","answer":"Subtle"}
{"text":["Now, that's something that would be the kind of final explanation if we could rule out everything else, and of course the big job is ruling out everything else. So in our paper we have a number of possibilities, but again, none of them are easy. None of them are simple.","So if you wanted to have ordinary dark matter that has no stickiness, you would have to come up with some very convoluted mechanism for removing this cold dark matter from the galaxies that it loves so much. I mean, it just loves hanging out with these galaxies, doesn't want to let go of them under the cold, collision-less dark matter theory, which is our main theory that I think we all accept.","Yeah, but if you stick with the stickiness idea, then you have to give up the other ideas, that you think you know what dark matter is.","Yeah, so we actually don't know what dark matter really is. These are all theories. Dark matter is not part of our standard model of physics. The standard model accounts for protons and electrons and neutrons. But one of the things that's really exciting about dark matter, that makes it one of the deepest mysteries of the cosmos, is that we know - we are pretty sure that dark matter is not part of the standard model."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"But one of the things that's really exciting about dark matter, that makes it one of the deepest mysteries of the cosmos...\" Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing enthusiasm about the intriguing nature of dark matter, highlighting its status as one of the most profound mysteries in the universe. The actual meaning is not that dark matter is exciting in a literal sense, but rather that it presents a captivating and puzzling scientific inquiry.","questions":"Which word describes the nature of dark matter as a scientific inquiry?","answer":"Captivating"}
{"text":["Yeah. So one of those ideas is quite simple, and it's to make the ice bigger. These players out on the ice are massive and fast. And they're running into each other at incredible speeds. And the thought is that if you go to a larger ice surface like they have in Europe, like they have in Olympic hockey, that gives more room to skate, less strife, less collisions, things like that. So that's one idea.","But what it comes down to as well is just the administration of the game and an administrator who has influence over the rules being able to step forward and say, I'm going to put the health and safety of players first. And what they can do - just a few years ago in the Ontario Hockey League in Canada, they brought in a rule that says if you fight more than three times in a season, you're suspended for every fight subsequent to that.","And what do hockey players love most?They love to play the game of hockey. So when you take that away, it really cuts down on the fighting. And what you know what they did?In one season, with the stroke of a pen, they cut fighting in half. So it can be done. It simply requires vision and a courage of conviction.","Jeremy Allingham is a journalist with the CBC, and his new book is called \"Major Misconduct: The Human Cost Of Fighting In Hockey. \"Jeremy, thank you for talking with us about this."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The ruling drastically reduces the number of fights during a game","questions":"What did the Ontario Hockey League do to players who fought more than three times in a season?","answer":"rule"}
{"text":["I can imagine someone being stunned for a moment by being struck by an object, especially at a high speed like that. But I don't understand that because if there was over a minute when the throttle was advanced farther than it should've been and - you know, things happen when you're an engineer. You should be used to them. So I - it doesn't really seem to me like that's a probable cause, but we'll have to wait and see.","I don't have to tell you, Mr.  Hughes, that the crash and the deaths of eight people have set off a debate - those who say the derailment says Amtrak needs more money, others who say Amtrak isn't - is wasting a lot of the money that it gets. Recognizing there are no guarantees, would greater government funding have perhaps meant this derailment wouldn't happen?","It might have. The thing that is important here is Amtrak doesn't have any discretionary money. Every penny they get goes into something that's really important, especially capital money like this. And so I would think that money played some part in it in that when Amtrak has to do large projects, they have to space them out in smaller parts over multiple years. And I don't know the facts in this case, but I do know that that is true with a number of large capital projects. You just can't do them quickly 'cause the funding isn't there.","When you were in charge, Mr.  Hughes, did you find it hard to get funding for Amtrak, a lot of skepticism and doubt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of the turn is that the speaker is asking whether the derailment could have been prevented if Amtrak had received more government funding.","questions":"What is the topic of the debate mentioned by B?","answer":"Funding"}
{"text":["So for a couple years now, Topps has had an app - say it ain't so - for baseball card-collecting and trading cards. These are virtual cards, not the cardboard ones that come with a stick of gum. I mean, it's called a Bunt, and you've tried it out. Tell us what you think.","Oh, it does - I should point out the packs do come with a stick of gum. It's just a virtual stick of gum.","Don't try to chew that gum.","No, that's what I was (laughter) - the whole thing is basically just an exercise in using your imagination, if you're old enough that you need to imagine for this stuff. If you're 13 to 25, which is, like - 80 percent of the Bunt users are - then I don't imagine there's anything weird about a piece of virtual gum showing up on your phone, exploding and then turning into baseball cards.","Well, it's been around for a while. I mean, can Topps call Bunt a success?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"can Topps call Bunt a success?\" has a figurative meaning. It is asking whether the app has been successful in terms of popularity and user engagement, rather than whether it literally has the legal right to be called a \"success\".","questions":"Which term has a figurative meaning in turn 4?","answer":"Success"}
{"text":["And a very talented sister who I think is quite equal to the task of containing Schwarzenegger.","Well, here is my question to you. You talked about the state controller, who - you are very correct - said that he would defy the governor's order and not roll back those salaries. But can he do that?Can he get away with defying the governor in this way?","Well, he has his own constitutional authority, and I think that this may be a case that goes to the California Supreme Court. I mean, if he chooses - now, the challenge will be this. If he chooses not to issue checks on Schwarzenegger's executive order, can checks be issued at all?And that's a constitutional question. I don't know the answer to it. But you have these two key state officials clashing, both of them elected by the people of California. And I fully expect that there will be a compromise before the 1st of September, Tony. Again, I think that the governor is posturing. The governor has always been a fiscal conservative. He is not pleased with the way the budget negotiations are going. So he is making a point.","And he is making it, apparently, on the backs of some of the state workers, it appears."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This implies that the female candidate is capable of competing with Schwarzenegger in some sort of political race or contest.","questions":"Which female candidate?","answer":"N\/A"}
{"text":["Thank you very much.","What is the mission of this March for Science?","I think the profession of science is under attack. And why is that happening?Because we've really ceded the floor. We haven't engaged in politics. We've left that open for politicians to come in and really hijack and obfuscate science for their own selfish needs.","When you say that science is under attack, to what degree should we read this march as a protest against Trump administration policies?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) When the speaker states that science is under attack, they are implying that politicians are misusing science to further their own agendas, rather than relying on scientific evidence to inform their decisions.","questions":"What is the reason behind the attack on science according to the speaker?","answer":"Politicians"}
{"text":["Tell me a little bit about Riot Games. They're funding a lot of esports events.","Yeah.","What is their role in this?","They are creating a lot of the games. They've been out in front and doing a ton of deals. They did a deal with the Big Ten Network where they sponsor an esports tournament among Big Ten schools, and the winner of that tournament sort of gets a scholarship to one of the Big Ten schools. They're very heavily involved in sort of not only developing the games but also developing the business in total."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Task Don't just paraphase the words! Find the implicated meaning! We don't want answers like: to be silent means stay quiet and not making noise, bad answer!  Please read the examples above carefully!      (1)\tB:\tTell me a little bit about Riot Games.They're funding a lot of esports events. (2)\tA:\tYeah. (3)\tB:\tWhat is their role in this? (4)\tA:\tThey are creating a lot of the games.They've been out in front and doing a ton of deals.They did a deal with the Big Ten Network where they sponsor an esports tournament among Big Ten schools, and the winner of that tournament sort of gets a scholarship to one of the Big Ten schools.They're very heavily involved in sort of not only developing the games but also developing the business in total.  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1)  (2)  (3)  (4)","questions":"Which company did a deal with the Big Ten Network to sponsor an esports tournament among Big Ten schools?","answer":"Riot-Games"}
{"text":["You know what else my mother said?You should talk to more people in their 80s because they've looked across the street at death for a decade. And they know what's really important in life.","Your mother was smart. Now, I'm talking as one of the people in the 80s. Nobody wants to hear that you met Harry Truman, you know. Shh.","(Laughing) You didn't meet Harry Truman, did you?","I met Harry Truman. But you know what I mean?Nobody's interested. They want to know you've met Rihanna, and that kills me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn with an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (2).  In this conversation, A is acknowledging the wisdom in what B's mother said about talking to people in their 80s because they have a unique perspective on life. However, when A says \"Nobody wants to hear that you met Harry Truman, you know. Shh.\", the literal meaning is that A is telling B to be quiet about meeting Harry Truman because it's not interesting. The actual meaning, however, is that A is making a sarcastic comment about how people only seem to care about meeting famous celebrities like Rihanna, rather than valuing the life experiences and wisdom of those who have lived longer.","questions":"Which turn has an actual meaning that is different from its literal meaning?","answer":"(2)"}
{"text":["You know, we - we're in constant communication with our states. I know South Carolina has done - and all the states, for that matter - but South Carolina, they've done a very proactive job. North Carolina is really going to amp up the messaging on evacuations. Florida has, and Georgia. So, you know, we will be able to tell what those evacuation rates are, obviously working with our state. The states and the locals are the ones that actually call for those evacuations.","Right now, it seems to be going well, but it always could go better. You know, if you're in a danger or hazard area, you know, I ask you to take those warnings seriously, and evacuate and protect yourself and your family.","Jeff Byard of FEMA, thanks for speaking with us today.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : South Carolina is going to make more and much more public messages regarding evacuations.","questions":"How did South Carolina respond to the evacuation warnings?","answer":"Proactive"}
{"text":["We should explain that money is not an issue. More than 80,000 people have donated to a fundraising campaign to support the Gard family. Why do you feel this case has drawn such, at this point, international attention?","I think it has sparked outrage because it gets down to the point of whose child is Charlie?Does Charlie belong to the state, or does Charlie belong to his parents?And if he belongs to his parents, then they should be given the right - and not the government, not the hospital, not the courts - to decide Charlie's fate because the moment they turn off the ventilator, he's going to die.","Would a life spent on a ventilator be worth living?","From the Christian perspective, yes because every single human life is valuable. His life has meaning. And if his parents want to increase and prolong and give him the best chance possible, the hospital has no right to step in the role of the parents to try to give their son the best chance possible."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning, however, is emphasizing the importance of honoring the parents' decision and questioning the hospital's interference in the parents' role and their desire to provide Charlie with the best possible care and chance for survival.","questions":"How is the hospital's role questioned in regards to Charlie's care?","answer":"Interference"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Well, Mayor Belangia, good luck. I hope I see Oriental someday. It sounds like a lovely place.","Please do. You will fall in love with it.","And I'll bring a loaf of bread for you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is confident in the appeal of Oriental and believes that the listener will enjoy visiting the place.","questions":"What is the PersonA's attitude towards Oriental?","answer":"Enjoy"}
{"text":["What's this program, Becoming a Man, meant to you and other students and your friends?","It means a lot. It gives you insight of how to be a man and take care of your business and have integrity, visionary goal-setting and respect for one another. It helps you be more aware of who you are and what you could do with your life.","Tell us a bit about your life, could you, and your family.","I'm the youngest of six, which is hard to be sometimes, because you get bossed around by everybody in the house. Come from a single-parent home - my mom. Dad was never around. I have sickle cell anemia, so I persevered over that. We had good times and bad times, you know, just like any other family. But we're very close."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : What's this program, Becoming a Man, meant to you and other students and your friends?","questions":"Which topic does PersonA mention that he believes the program helps with?","answer":"Insight"}
{"text":["The president said Mr.  Bolden, has there ever been a negro on the White House detail protecting and guarding the president of the United States?I said not to my knowledge, Mr.  President. He said, would you like to be the first one?I said yes, sir, Mr.  President.","And he said, I'll be looking forward to seeing you in Washington, D. C. , and that's how I happened to be appointed to the White House detail.","You had that moment, this incredible moment, and then you write very early in the narrative, in the book, about an agent who was not so friendly. You describe him saying I'm going to tell you something, and I don't want you to ever forget it. You're a (censored). You were born a (censored), and when you die, you'll still be a (censored). So act like one.","What did you really face when it came to dealing with your colleagues?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Would you like to be the first one implies that the president already knew there had never been a negro on the White House detail","questions":"What was the President's proposition to Mr. Bolden?","answer":"Appointment"}
{"text":["There are a lot of different stories in your first issue about reducing recidivism, performing Shakespeare in prison, getting a Ph. D.  on the inside. Was there one story in particular that you were really happy inmates would be able to read?","One that comes to mind that I like is about virtual reality. There's juveniles that were sentenced to life without parole previously, but the Supreme Court changed all that. And one facility thought, now they are going to society; what we going to do with them?How we going to prepare them?So they came up with the idea of virtual reality goggles so they can see images of what it looks like to be on the outside. And it was - one gentleman who did the grocery store virtual reality video - when he took the headset off, he had tears streaming down his face. And the first thing out his mouth was, what else in the world has changed?","Wow.","Many men on the inside just wish they can just have a glimpse of what the outside is."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Virtual reality experience has a profound impact on inmates who have never experienced life outside prison","questions":"How did the gentleman feel after experiencing the virtual reality grocery store?","answer":"Emotional"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And again, with this fresh production, I think - it's like that Emily Dickinson quote: Tell the truth, but tell it slant. \"I think that is originally what Tennessee Williams was getting at with the idea of plastic theater; that it does not have to be a literal expression of the truth. You can come at it from an angle. And what's beautiful here is that John Tiffany, I think, takes that literally and created this abstract set with Bob Crowley. And what's also interesting to me, Scott, is that John is English, and Bob Crowley, the set designer, is Irish. And John said to me, you know, doing Tennessee Williams in America is like an American stage director doing Shakespeare in the UK. And this season there we have Pinter, we have Beckett, there are revivals of Shakespeare - but Tennessee Williams is the only American playwright being revived on Broadway in the fall.","With all due regard to Beckett and Shakespeare and the other fine playwrights you mentioned, I'd put Tennessee Williams up against all seven or eight of them.","I would too. I would too.","Barbara Chai of the Wall Street Journal. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"I'd put Tennessee Williams up against all seven or eight of them.\" The actual meaning here implies that the speaker considers Tennessee Williams to be on par with or equal to the other mentioned playwrights, rather than comparing them in a literal sense.","questions":"How does the speaker compare Tennessee Williams to the other mentioned playwrights?","answer":"Equal"}
{"text":["Some of my friends and family still are able to work. However, my best friend - her DACA expires in mid-summer. So it's very important for me and for us as a community for legislation to pass.","Ciriac, I'm curious - do you regret having come forward and actually voluntarily given your information to the government when they started this program?","No, I think personally because I've been able to move forward with my life from going to college, graduating college, doing internships and now having a full-time job and having a car. I can't really regret having come out of the shadows and saying I want to do things right. This is who I am. I think it's given me a certain level of pride to say I was able to come out of the shadows, do all of these things. And I am, you know, part of your community. I am American. I am and always a Utahn. And so I can't regret coming out of the shadows if I was able to do so much and continue to move forward with my life.","Ciriac Alvarez Valle - she's a DACA recipient in Utah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B implies that coming forward and giving information to the government was risky or dangerous","questions":"How does PersonB suggest coming forward and giving information to the government?","answer":"voluntarily"}
{"text":["Visuals that related to Senator Obama in politics.","That's right - different iterations and paintings of Senator Obama. Ron English did one of him as kind of morphing into Abe Lincoln. You know, Shepard's hope thing, you know, was enormous. You know, I did one of Obama looking obviously very hopeful into the city. He's - behind him is a cityscape and rising is the sun. I wanted it to be during, you know, the sunrise. And so he's being backlit by the sun in warm light. And the reason I did the city is because, you know, he's from the city. He can relate to the city. You know, he was raised by a single mom on food stamps, which is much like my experience growing up in Harlem. And you know, he's - and I said I wrote \"one\" on it because he's really - he really represents one, you know, one global community, ethnically diverse, one nation, and really someone that we can, for the first time, being from urban life, relate to, besides Clinton, by the way.","Are you worried about they're being an element of hero worship to this?I mean, both in the fact that so many artists are depicting him, but also in the way that he's depicted.","Yeah. I mean, I'm not worried about it. I think there is a lot of hero worship, but in contrast to what's out there, you know, he is a hero."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Artists are portraying Obama as a symbol of hope","questions":"Which artist created a painting of Obama morphing into Abe Lincoln?","answer":"Ron-English"}
{"text":["Well, so certainly President-elect Trump has issued a few statements on cybersecurity, including a campaign platform. Those are pretty thin on details. And some of his statements - it's been difficult to understand whether or not he - how literally to take those particular recommendations. Of his national security hires that have been announced at this point, none are known for having particularly strong cybersecurity backgrounds. So as we see more and more people coming into the administration, we might be able to start getting a sense of what exactly this administration's cybersecurity policy might look like.","Surely when you become the administration, you have a vested interest in national cybersecurity that maybe you lacked before, don't you?","Absolutely. I think while many of his statements during the campaign did not necessarily evince well-developed policy thoughts - he's going to have to come up with more specific ideas. One thing that Donald Trump might run up against is the existence of current laws. So, for example, he's indicated a number of times that he intends to transfer a lot of the cybersecurity mission to the Department of Defense to come up with a plan for defending critical infrastructure. And there are potentially rather serious consequences to sort of the militarization of civilian cyber defense. I think that they might find themselves coming up against an existing framework that doesn't necessarily square with the broad instinct towards wanting to turn towards the military to solve this problem.","I thought the Obama administration was pretty clear in saying, after they asserted that Russian attempts to meddle in the elections had been ongoing, that the United States was going to reply in kind. Can we assume those efforts are going on now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : talking about the potential consequences of \"militarization of civilian cyber defense\" ","questions":"How might the existing framework clash with Donald Trump's plan for cybersecurity?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["I decided to take matters in my own hands and decided to raise the funds that I need to get the materials that the kids need. The budget wasn't going to change. The only thing is, it was going to get worse. I had decided that I should advertise on my test, and I said, well, if you would like to put a quote or an ad at the bottom of my test, then it'd be kind of a mutual - they help the kids, and then I help them get a little bit of PR out of it.","And so the parents, they responded well?","Absolutely. Back to school night, I had one parent give me a $100 check, and she said, I hope this gets you started, and I actually had a lot of good comments, saying that's very creative and thinking outside the box.","And I've actually gotten emails from parents and one from my school district saying, you know, I am glad somebody is finally speaking up and saying that parents are having a tough time footing the bill for things that should have been paid for through their tax dollars and paid through the school system.","And what did the kids says?I mean, aren't they kind of bombarded by advertising all day long when they are not in school?","They really like the quotes, and they actually look forward to them. I've had students say, hey, what's going to be the next quote, and I tell them, you have to wait."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I am glad somebody is finally speaking up and saying that parents are having a tough time footing the bill for things that should have been paid for through their tax dollars and paid through the school system.\" - The actual meaning is that the person is glad someone is raising awareness about the issue of parents having to pay for things that should have been covered by taxes and the school system.","questions":"What issue is the person in turn 3 referring to?","answer":"Paying"}
{"text":["I don't really describe myself. I don't have a - I don't label myself really. I've done some interviewing in the past and just, you know, strike up a general conversation with people usually in sort of a casual environment. And for some reason, usually, people will talk to me.","And I have to say, you've got great researching skills. I read that you even dug up Carter Page's undergrad thesis, and you spoke with his U. S. Naval Academy thesis adviser. That's amazing. Why did you do that, and how did you go that deep?","I don't know. I just - I have a curiosity about this whole situation, and I really wanted to get to the bottom of it. So I - you know, the easiest way to say it is no stone left unturned.","You say, you know, you want to contribute to the investigation, but how are you different than a journalist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"people will talk to me\" - This implies that the speaker has a skill or quality that makes people comfortable talking to them.","questions":"What is the implied skill of the speaker in turn 0?","answer":"Skill"}
{"text":["Basically, this conflict, it stems from a power struggle between two very big people in South Sudan, the president, Salva Kiir, and his former vice president, Riek Machar. You have two guys who couldn't be more different. Kiir's this former commander from the independence struggle, a man of few words, in his ubiquitous black cowboy hat. And Machar is a smooth-talking, British-educated guy with a green philosophy who happens to be a huge fan of Karl Rove.","Now, besides being different personalities, these guys are also different tribes. And the tribal aspect of this conflict is what's triggered the most horrific aspects of this war. That's the violence that the pre-genocide label gets attached to.","The United States has a lot at stake in South Sudan. It helped create the nation, first under President Bush and then President Obama in 2011. What's Secretary of State Kerry proposing?","Well, Secretary Kerry has been talking about this idea of a transitional government. It's kind of - if you remember, back in January they tried a ceasefire that was disrespected by both sides because it told people to stop fighting. It didn't address why they were fighting, which was to control the government."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that Secretary Kerry has been talking about the idea of a transitional government. The implied meaning is that Kerry is proposing a new government as a way to address the root of the conflict and end the fighting.","questions":"What is Kerry's proposed solution to the conflict in South Sudan?","answer":"Transitional"}
{"text":["Both the trains slowed. I was standing there with my bag over my shoulder, ready to jump. It was windy. It was cold. It was kind of getting dark. And so they finally lined up the cars correctly, and I was told to run across the loose rocks and jump on to the other train.","The conductor on the other train pulled me on to that car. Once I was onboard, another conductor came through the car, and she said to me, don't get up when we get to Milwaukee. What I heard from her was don't get up, or I will kill you. I did not move the rest of the trip.","So I get to Saint Paul. I'm looking for my brother. He's late. So he gets there, and I ask him, why were you late?And he says, well, I checked the train schedule, and it said it was running behind. Oh, that was because of me.","A travel nightmare with a happy ending from Anne Fleury in Milwaukee. Send us your stories, please. Go to weekendeditionsaturday@npr. org. Click on contact. Put Travel Nightmare at the top of your message."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation was dire and I was desperate to get to my destination.","questions":"How would you describe the PersonA's state of mind in the given situation?","answer":"Desperate"}
{"text":["Did you get an answer?","We did not. I guess - I suppose an answer in sort we're saying why; we don't know when it's going to be released. And then as we dug into it further, the answer that we really got was it was a White House decision.","You're hearing this from who - from - when you're reaching out to the Pentagon, they're telling you - ask the White House?","Correct. Yes."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They asked more questions to find out the answer and got one.","questions":"What was the reason behind the White House decision?","answer":"White"}
{"text":["Hate is the easier part. I hate being away from my kids and my family. That's really tough to be gone as much as I am. And I love to play live for people. I love to see people, you know, enjoy themselves and enjoy music. And when it's my music it's even better.","What do you think is going to happen to art as we go through these tough times?","Oh, I think art will survive. During these times, movies and music don't seem to suffer that much because, I mean, music gets you through all this stuff.","And where are you headed next?I mean, in terms of creatively. Are you going to go back and make another country album?I mean, what do you think - besides touring, which I know you are. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Despite tough times, art will survive and music helps people cope.","questions":"Which medium is mentioned as helping people cope during tough times?","answer":"Music"}
{"text":["Possible charges and possible indictment for bribery in a number of cases - and yet, that's not - it's barely scratching the surface here in the headlines. Netanyahu is poised to have a very strong few weeks. He is meeting Secretary of State Pompeo this week in Jerusalem. He goes to Washington next week, expected to meet Trump. Brazil's new president is visiting just days before the elections, and all of this could boost Netanyahu's profile.","And of course, people are following violence in the West Bank and Gaza happening at the same time. What's happening there?","Yeah. Yesterday a Palestinian stabbed a soldier, stole his gun, commandeered a car and fired shots. An Israeli soldier and a rabbi were killed. Another soldier was badly wounded. And this comes a week after two Palestinians were killed by Israeli fire. And then in Gaza, we've been seeing some rare protests against Hamas, against tax hikes there. All of this is a reminder that even though there's been a relative period of calm here, there is continuing tension. And when violence erupts, it can impact how Israelis vote.","Do you notice intense interest in this election, Daniel?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Scratching the surface\" here implies that a topic or issue has only begun to be considered or addressed, and that the scope is much greater. It has nothing to do with actual scratching anything in the physical sense.","questions":"Which phrase used by PersonA in turn 0 describes the scope of an issue, rather than an actual physical action?","answer":"Scratching"}
{"text":["Yes. The big topic, of course, is what he'll say about the president's unfounded claims that Barack Obama wiretapped his phones. He has also accused British intelligence of wiretapping his phones on behalf of Barack Obama. There's been no evidence produced for those claims. The British have pushed back against them strongly. People on the Hill say they have not seen any evidence of this, and Comey will be asked about that first and foremost.","OK.  And over at the Senate, the first hearings for President Trump's nomination for the Supreme Court - what kind of reception is he going to get?","Well, that's going to be the big event of the week. Neil Gorsuch, who has been nominated by Donald Trump, is going to be asked a lot of questions about his views on executive power, about Donald Trump's comments disparaging judges and the entire court system. This is one of Donald Trump's most important early initiatives. The Republicans have 52 votes in the Senate. They say if they have to change the rules so they won't need 60 to confirm him, they will do that. So it's going to be very, very hard for the Democrats to stop him. But this is just the first of many, many judicial vacancies that Donald Trump will have the opportunity to fill because of the age of judges on the bench right now and the number of vacancies.","And something else we're looking at, obviously, is what's happening on Thursday - a much anticipated vote in the House. They're voting on the repeal-and-replace legislation for Obamacare. Does Speaker Ryan have the votes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This turn has a literal meaning of cancelling and substituting a law or policy with a new one. However, in this context, it refers to the highly anticipated vote in the House of Representatives on a bill that would repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare).","questions":"What is the House voting on?","answer":"Legislation"}
{"text":["Oh yes, in fact the conventional laser was only two years old, and it taught us that light could be coherent. But it didn't say anything about a semiconductor and whether the semiconductor would do this. And actually the furor started with Rediker's group from Lincoln Laboratories, MIT, reporting that they had gotten good spontaneous light out of gallium arsenide.","And then several of us went home and realized there ought to be a way to make that coherent, into a laser, and we did it. And - but I'm the guy that was crazy enough to make my own homemade alloy, which a lot of people didn't think would work, and shift it up to where the eye could see. And that's the whole basis of it.","Ah, did you - why did it take 50 years?","Well because these crystal systems are complicated, how to grow them is complicated. There are wrong methods and arguments about right ways to proceed, and it just - it's a zig-zag process. You make a bad move, and then you're going to make another move to find your way, and it just took a long while to get there."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Developing the semiconductor laser required experimentation and risk-taking.","questions":"Which process?","answer":"Experimentation"}
{"text":["I'm fine. How are you?","I'm doing great. So, you know, a lot of us, I think, frankly, almost all of us who are African-American, say, you know what, I need to, you know, each one teach one, lift somebody up, but when you're a judge, you have a very particular role, and it's a role where you are at somewhat of a remove, even though you're facing the defendants, you are not on the same level as them. How do you make sense of what Judge Arrington did?","I understand what Judge Arrington did completely. And I have to tell you why. Though we must be removed, we are nonetheless human. It is the easiest thing in the world to do, is to be removed if you don't care. But if you have the nerve to care, and if you see what we see on a daily basis, his humanity and his caring came together that day and made him do something clearly he shouldn't have done. He knows that. But it was an error of the heart that I find fully condonable.","So, what other ways, you know, you say that you approve of the sentiment, not necessarily of the execution. How else may he have gone about this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated. When a person looks at his watch","questions":"Which action did Judge Arrington take that PersonA finds fully condonable?","answer":"Execution"}
{"text":["The children of Jamal Khashoggi have begun receiving compensation. Khashoggi was the journalist from Saudi Arabia who vanished last year. After initial denials, Saudi authorities now acknowledge he was killed after he walked into a Saudi Consulate in Istanbul. The newspaper that once published Khashoggi's columns, The Washington Post, now reports on apparent early moves toward paying blood money to Khashoggi's relations.","Greg Miller reported this story for The Post. Good morning, sir.","Good morning.","What have the children been paid?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"What have the children been paid?\" The implied meaning is not simply asking for information about the amount of compensation the children received, but rather questioning the ethics and morality of the situation, suggesting that it is inappropriate for the children to receive compensation for their father's death.","questions":"How does turn 3 reflect the PersonA's attitude towards the compensation?","answer":"Inappropriate"}
{"text":["The protests haven't been as widespread as people have expected. But nonetheless, these protests are continuing. And it's a show and a sign that the world is not standing by Trump and his declaration and his pronouncements and certainly not his positions.","Well - and yet the Saudi crown prince is reported to have urged Mahmoud Abbas, the Palestinian president, to accept a very limited state noncontiguous with most settlements remaining. And we've also heard sort of similar backroom discussions from Egypt and other countries in the region.","Yes. You're absolutely right. There hasn't been a time in - since 1967 where Saudi Arabia has been on the right side when it comes to Palestinian rights. The real question is whether Mahmoud Abbas is going to sign something like that. And as much as he's somebody I criticize and I'm not a fan of, this is not an agreement that I see him signing onto because it doesn't even ensure that Palestinian rights are being protected.","Instead, it legitimates the settlements that are illegal. It removes Jerusalem - Palestinian Jerusalem. And it is effectively doing away with the Palestinian right of return. So this is not something that any Palestinian leader, including Mahmoud Abbas, is going to sign onto."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Saudi Arabia has historically not been supportive of Palestinian rights.","questions":"What country has a historical record of not supporting Palestinian rights?","answer":"Saudi"}
{"text":["This is News & Notes. I'm Tony Cox. Pink slips seem to be raining down in just about every sector and every Zip code. But are there any bright spots out there?The temporary job market may provide an answer. We're joined now by Steve Drexel. He is a labor economist and a 23-year veteran of the staffing industry. He's also a member of the Business Research Advisory Council of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Steve, welcome to News & Notes.","Thanks, it's nice to be here.","You've been following temporary staffing trends for more than two decades now. What sectors are relatively insulated from layoffs?","Well, the sectors that are most resilient are the higher-skill sectors, or if you can get into industries that are involved in education or health care or government. Those are the areas where you get the most bang. We're also seeing a nice increase in the mortgage-processing area, because one of the things the government's doing is lowering the conforming rate for mortgages. And so, there's kind of a rush to refinance."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"What sectors are relatively insulated from layoffs?\" - This turn uses the word \"insulated\" figuratively to mean protected or shielded from something.","questions":"Which word in turn 2 uses a figurative meaning?","answer":"Insulated"}
{"text":["What is your heritage?- if I may ask.","I'm Mexican. But I wrote the story for my daughter, who is half Puerto Rican, half Mexican.","And did you have something like a moon ceremony growing up or did you wish you had one?When - what was the inspiration here?","Well, the inspiration began when my own daughter started to ask about her period, about her changing body as she grew into adolescence. And I wanted to reframe the conversation. I wanted to tell a different story to her. You know, my - I never had a moon ceremony. I wanted to have a moon ceremony. But like many women - Mexican women, many Latinx women who enter their periods with a certain amount of shame and silence. And I didn't want that to happen for my daughter. I wanted her to be grounded in our spirituality, our connection to the moon. And so we actually did give my daughter a moon ceremony."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : I Want to Celebrate Moon Festival for My Daughter Cause of My Heritage","questions":"What inspired the author to write the story?","answer":"Daughter's"}
{"text":["You may have seen it. The photo has been everywhere on social media - a gunman, this week outside a federal courthouse in Dallas. It's one of those pictures that makes you wonder just how the photographer got it. The gunman appears to be only a few feet away from the camera, a military-style rifle in his hand. He's decked out in tactical gear, wearing a face mask with a hole for his eyes, and those eyes appear to be looking right into the camera.","Soon after the photo was taken, the gunman was shot dead by law enforcement. No one else was seriously injured. To hear the story of the photo, I spoke to the person who took it, Tom Fox of The Dallas Morning News. He told me about the moment he first heard the shooter.","There was about three quick shots. And at the time, it sounded like backfire.","Like of a car or something, you mean."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement from B implies that he was doubting how possible it was for the Photographer to have taken the shot while it appeared that he was so close to the Gunman.","questions":"What was PersonB's initial reaction to the photo?","answer":"Doubt"}
{"text":["And one more email.","And one more email, yeah. And it was quite literally the last email that I opened. And the email said, basically, Dear, Mr.  Feuer. Ever since I saw your story on the other Alan Feuer one year ago, I've been meaning to get in touch with you. I didn't want to do so while Alan was alive. Now, that he has passed away, would you like to know the truth about his background?","Well, you know, she - this woman who was, in fact, Alan's step niece. So, you know, imagine a, you know, a niece coming in by second marriage essentially. She went on to kind of flash out the family relationships, and she told me that while this life of grand society that I, in fact, had witnessed myself was absolutely true, the sort of back story that Alan had held up - Austrian blue blood, you know, mother live too long - all these stuff was, in fact, not true. And she said that, you know, if I wanted to get in touch with her, she would tell me, in fact, what the truth was. So I got in touch with her.","And this is a story of a man not from Austria but, in fact, born in Brooklyn and raised in Westchester?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The email contains information about the background of someone named Alan Feuer which cannot be disclosed until he passed away.","questions":"What is the reason for the email about Alan Feuer's background?","answer":"Reveal"}
{"text":["And then we have a Congress who just passed a bill knowing full well that this was the most likely outcome, and they chose not to even try to stop it. But now that the bill has passed, the shutdown has been prevented, the government has been funded, the president can come out and say he's going to do this now. And you have people saying that we're shredding the Constitution, that this is the end of the world, that we need to act, that we need to stop something.","Well, the time to act was before you pass a bill to give the president money to fund the government. The time to act - if you want to force a vote on this, if you want to force Republicans in the Senate to go on record if you're a House Democrat, for instance, then you put language in the bill saying the president can't use national emergency powers to build a wall.","You mean senators - well, we could list their names - Susan Collins.","Right. I mean, don't vote for a bill that is going to make something that you think is really damaging to our country, to the Republic, more likely to occur. Just don't do it, No. 1. No. 2, actually go out and try to put things in the bill to prevent the thing that you think is so damaging to our republic from happening."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Congress passed a bill despite the likely negative consequences.","questions":"Which branch of the government passed the bill mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Congress"}
{"text":["No doubt it has for those legal scholars and for other people who are actively seeking grounds for impeachment proceedings. It is not likely to change the calculus for the majority of Republicans in the House. And if you need to get a president impeached, you need the Republicans, who are the majority in the House of Representatives.","Speaking of his relations, the president's relations with members of his own party, he took to Twitter to call out Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell and House Speaker Paul Ryan about the debt ceiling and health care. Is he alienating the very people in the Senate he needs later for legislation to defend him against investigations?","It's going to harden the battle lines, the battle lines that are already there, especially on immigration, especially with regard to the southern border wall. And this is a sensitive time, as we approach the perfect fiscal storm this September. I'm talking about the budget resolution, the spending bills, the federal debt ceiling with the prospect of a shutdown or a credit default. While still remote, perhaps, that threat is quite real.","Another face has been crossed out of the White House staff photo overnight. Counterterrorism Adviser Sebastian Gorka has left the building. But was he a fired man walking, if you please, for the past week or so?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"change the calculus\" - this is a metaphorical expression that means to change the way people are thinking about something.","questions":"How would you describe the impact of the term \"change the calculus\"?","answer":"Influential"}
{"text":["It was really expensive. It was the most expensive substance on Earth at the time. We're talking about equivalent of 2. 2 million dollars for a single gram.","Wow. And in 1917, of course, with World War I cranking up, there was huge military demand for watches that you could see in the dark and dials that you could see in the - in the dark.","That's right. And as you said, this is when the book opens, so shortly before America joined the First World War. And once they did, of course, join that global conflict, there was this huge boom to the radium industry. Soldiers needed watches, and people needed it for the planes and the trucks and so on. And so the dial painters, who were the radium girls - they were employed to paint all these dials with luminous radium paint. And they were taught to lip point, so to put their brushes between their lips to make a fine point for the detailed handiwork.","To actually put the brush with the radium paint into their mouth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker expands on the earlier point by explicitly stating that the workers put the brushes with radium paint into their mouths to make a fine point. The implied meaning here is that the workers were not aware of the dangers of radium and were not provided with proper safety equipment, leading to their exposure to dangerous levels of radiation.","questions":"What were the workers taught to do to make a fine point for the detailed handiwork?","answer":"Mouth"}
{"text":["Smaller splinters of gangs.","Exactly, a small splinter of a gang. And I think that everybody just wants to be the man. Things was a lot different when I was a kid, though. Back then, you could probably ask a kid who they wanted to be when they grew up, and they would probably say a teacher or a doctor. And now, you probably would get something like I want to be like my big homie. I want to be OG. Like, this is the only thing that they're exposed to, so this is all they can aspire to be.","Are you afraid to go out of your apartment?","If I was afraid all the time, I probably wouldn't be in this line of business, which is HugsNoSlugs. I started this movement to try to bring more positivity into the poverty-stricken areas of Chicago. And I see a lot of really good people in these neighborhoods. These people have hearts, too."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: The speaker is not afraid of going out of their apartment; instead, they are motivated by their desire to bring positivity to their community and recognize the potential of the people in poverty-stricken neighborhoods.","questions":"Which desire motivates the PersonA's work in HugsNoSlugs?","answer":"Positivity"}
{"text":["And the story is conveyed through the eyes of this young woman, this farmer's wife, who discovers it, actually, in a - she's kind of in an awkward situation. She's going somewhere where she's not supposed to be, and she sees it and she's not allowed to tell anyone. But she feels it's her personal burning bush. She takes it as a warning to go back.","I wanted to write it initially through her eyes so that you, too, would not know what you are seeing. But later. . .","If SCIENCE FRIDAY didn't spoil it.","Well, yeah. But you see what I mean?Because it is about perception and how we need to be - to understand what we're seeing before we can really see it, that's really key to understanding this whole issue of climate change and why we see or don't see what's right in front of us."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Writing through the woman's perspective is done to create mystery.","questions":"How is the mystery created in the story?","answer":"perspective"}
{"text":["Would it be ethical to do this, you know, some of this work in humans?Would it take away some of the stigma about using embryonic stem cells?","Well, there's a whole lot of issues to consider in that I think a lot of people are going to have to involved in working through and thinking about under what circumstances it would be permissible to use this kind of approach in humans if the science really supports the idea that this kind of approach could generate cells that look like eggs from human pluripotent stem cells. I think the two key factors, I mean one key factor is that you would want to do this in the context of an effort, you know, for in vitro fertilization, in the course of reproduction rather than just generating embryos for the sake of research by fertilization.","And secondly, you would only want to go forward, I think, if you were sure enough from the preliminary studies that the eggs really looked healthy and normal and really felt like they had a chance of giving rise to successful pregnancies because you wouldn't want to engage in in vitro fertilization with a patient if there really wasn't much chance of having a successful pregnancy.","Is there any reason - going the opposite direction of thought, is there any reason to believe this would not work in humans?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Ethical and scientific considerations need to be taken into account before using embryonic stem cells in humans for generating cells that look like eggs.","questions":"How would you describe the key factors for using embryonic stem cells to generate cells that look like eggs?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["So if there is somebody out there listening, and I'm sure there are people who are over 70 or over 80, and who have thought, well, I'd like to go back and pick up that extra degree and - but I don't know if it's practical, why would you tell them that it's something that's good to do?","First thing, why would it not be practical?If it's something someone wants and something they had missed all of their lives, and they know as they're getting older that they're getting closer to the end of the line, it is something they want to do before they pass on. You know, you didn't come here to stay and you will perish. So if that's the last thing you wanted to do, then I should do it. But first, I want to remind you that you must have good health, you must have good stamina and the interest has to be there. If the interest is not there, forget about it; you're wasting your time.","And as far as health goes, what's your best advice for how to stay healthy?","First, I would like to say I have never had a headache in my life. I don't take no medications for nothing. All my vital signs are good. You have to pay attention to what you eat, not eat too much fat, watch your salt intake, watch your alcohol intake, stay away from drugs and smoking."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"You didn't come here to stay and you will perish.\" - This turn is a figurative expression and means that we all have a limited time on earth and will eventually die. It does not have a literal meaning.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of turn 1?","answer":"Limited"}
{"text":["Correct. But writ large, this is not going to have the sort of change that the authors of the memo anticipate it will have because mandatory detention ability is useless without beds. All of the detention beds are already full. And the only way there would be new beds is if the Congress authorized new beds, and that was a massive fight in the last appropriations bill. There's no reason to think that that massive fight will move any further in this appropriations bill.","Right. Now, you're a member of an advisory council for the Department of Homeland Security that issues recommendations to the department on various issues. Last night, your group issued a set of emergency actions that DHS should take immediately to address the flow of migrants at the border. And this was one of the concerns you flagged - that there aren't enough asylum officers, judges or even buildings to process all the migrants.","Correct. That's exactly right. I think if you have two alternatives, one - on one side is a border wall of 2,000 miles and a massive deprivation of rights, which is sort of one way of solving this, and another extreme on the other end, which is do nothing and continue to allow the situation that's happening now to increase in numbers.","A compromise in the middle would be do not diminish the rights people have but expedite the consideration of what we're ultimately trying to consider. And I think that is right down the middle. You know, zero to a hundred, that's right there at 50 of what, maybe, can be a bipartisan compromise."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"writ large\" - This phrase means \"on a large scale\" or \"as a general principle,\" rather than referring to something that is physically written in large letters.","questions":"How would you describe the meaning of \"writ large\"?","answer":"General"}
{"text":["The fighting between Israel and the Palestinians reminds us that world events do not wait for changes of leadership in Washington. President-elect Barack Obama will not take office for another three weeks, which means he'll watch from the sidelines as the current administration responds to a crisis that Obama will inherit very soon. For some analysis of this moment, we're joined now by NPR's senior Washington editor Ron Elving, who's with us most Mondays. Hi Ron.","Good to be with you, Madeleine.","Well, so how much is President-elect Obama being consulted on the U. S.  response at this point?","Not so much consulted as kept informed. He gets regular security briefings, of course. He had one on Sunday. He has had conversations with Secretary of State Rice, and he is expected to talk today to his own incoming national security adviser, General James Jones, and also to Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton, who is his own nominee, of course, for Secretary of State. She's certainly sharing in a lot of the information. She's a senator; she's on Armed Services; she's been immersed in much of this for many years; she's had top clearances; and I'm sure the Obama folks are sharing with her.","And how much does his stated policy regarding the Middle East - how much does it differ from the Bush administration's?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Obama is not yet in power but is being kept informed of the situation","questions":"Which administration is being referred to in turn 4?","answer":"Bush"}
{"text":["And it changed your behavior with your friends and family, right?","Oh, absolutely. I became alienated from most of my friends and everything because I wasn't there for them or with them. They had out to social events and things, my social event was to get to the casino as quickly as I could in order to gain money.","And what did it do to your marriage?","Well, I got a divorce. I ended up in divorce. I ended up with my wife getting everything plus the kids. And basically, I was out in the streets trying to survive."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A's gambling addiction caused him to isolate himself from friends and family","questions":"How did PersonA's gambling addiction affect his social life?","answer":"Isolation"}
{"text":["And that is how I developed as a scientist. I have - was so totally engaged in this, doing it at a more complex and maybe more sophisticated level, by the time I got to undergraduate studies that I never thought of ever doing anything else.","My last expedition, my last two, I did at the ages of 82 and 83. I went to the South Pacific with a team I led to explore new ant forms never before studied in the island of - of the islands of the Vanuatu Archipelago. It was rugged field work. And then I went to Mozambique to the national park of Gorongosa.","So I'm still doing the same thing but at a bigger - on a larger scale.","Talking with E. O. Wilson, author of \"Letters to a Young Scientist\". We'll be back with the rest of our conversation after this break. Stay with us. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"it was rugged field work\" implies that it was physically challenging field work in rugged terrain.","questions":"How was the field work in the last expedition?","answer":"Rugged."}
{"text":["Yeah, of course. I think it's right for the employer to know. But let the person go all the way through the process until the point where they're being offered a job. It creates more momentum towards hiring and more of a chance that that person's actually get a job.","Why do you include in this legislation a provision that would allow felons to vote in every state in the country?","You know, these felony disenfranchise laws - if you go back to some of the state legislative debates that were happening after Reconstruction, they were designed to stop African-Americans from voting. These have racist roots to these laws. And it gets to a point now where you can see the fruit of that poison tree - is that you have some counties in America where 1 out of 4 African-Americans can't vote. And remember; the overwhelming number of charges are for nonviolent drug offenses.","So here, you've served your time, and now you're going to have 10, 20, 40, 50, 60 years more as an adult. And you're told that your citizen rights have been stripped from you?This is a way, I think, that poor people especially - low-income people are being stripped of their democratic power."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The figurative meaning here is that allowing the person to go through the entire hiring process without disclosing their criminal record increases their chances of getting a job. It suggests that withholding information about their criminal record can help them overcome potential biases.","questions":"How does withholding information about criminal records affect job opportunities?","answer":"Increases"}
{"text":["I didn't. I've always had the theory that the shower scene works as well as it does because just beforehand, you have this quite long supper conversation between Normal Bates and Marion Crane - Anthony Perkins and Janet Leigh - which is the quietest, calmest moment in the film.","And it lulls you and it prepares you for the shocking, violent moment that is to come.","And so I went for that scene because I think it's a beautiful, beautifully acted scene and really, the heart of Anthony Perkins' performance. And I think that sometimes, an actor is essential. I don't know who else could have played that part.","That's interesting. So it's not the stab in the shower or the bridge blowing up that stays with us."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : implies that the quietness of the supper conversation before the shower scene prepares the audience to be shocked by the violent moment that follows","questions":"What scene does PersonA think is the heart of Anthony Perkins' performance?","answer":"supper"}
{"text":["You really take us through every single phase of a relationship.","I went through every single phase in the writing of this thing, so. . .","Yeah.","Yeah. Yeah. I went through a breakup with a longtime, like, best friend. And it was, for the first time in my adult years, really in a place where I didn't have anyone to text after the show to be like, it went great or, like, I tripped. But, like, it was a strange sort of loneliness. And I wanted the songs to show that because I felt like I was going to feel less lonely by sharing in a way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The author wrote songs to show that sharing can help with loneliness.","questions":"Which feeling did the author want to alleviate by sharing?","answer":"loneliness"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","But - so in any event, do you really want to put yourself on the side of people that cut even 3 percent from the Meals on Wheels budget?","Well, from a political standpoint, you're right. But this is the problem for whatever the not-left-of-center crew is, now that it's gotten so diverse in the era of Trump is - who's going to talk about how it works?Back to repealing Obamacare, there is a method going forward that works. It involves using tax credits to let people shop. And their choices drive down prices and create more products that they want to buy. But no one's talk about that because you're trapped in this Trump gravitational conversational field.","Well, we'll have you back. We have to cut the conversation short. Michael Graham is podcast editor for The Weekly Standard."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Actual meaning: B is bringing the conversation to an end because of time constraints, but expressing interest in having A return in the future. Literal meaning: B is stating that A will be invited back and that Michael Graham is the podcast editor for The Weekly Standard.","questions":"Which position does Michael Graham hold?","answer":"Editor"}
{"text":["Do drones offer the appearance of risk-free combat?","Well, inside our business, Scott, they don't. There's nothing risk-free about anything we do. And when you're talking about decisions that may affect life and death, I think we take this very seriously. There is nothing in this enterprise that discounts the value of life on the ground - all life, by the way - friendly life, enemy life and then, of course, civilian non-combatant life and property. It's something that is very deeply ingrained in our folks as they go through training.","But to press you a bit on this, General, I wonder - does drone warfare offer, to some Americans, the appearance of being able to strike militarily almost anywhere in the world and not have to worry about suffering casualties and consequence?","Yeah, it's one of the reasons that we don't like the term drone warfare, Scott, the - because drone does imply a level of autonomy that is not the case. It does imply a lack of thinking and a lack of human involvement. A primary reason we call them remotely piloted aircraft is because there is somebody flying them. There is somebody in that decision loop. In fact, there are lots of somebodies in it who are adding the human judgments that we think are critical when you're in the business of life and death."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"discounts the value of life on the ground\": the literal meaning of this phrase is that the value of life on the ground is not being reduced; however, the actual meaning is that all lives, including friendly, enemy, and civilian non-combatant, are equally important and should not be devalued in any way.","questions":"What is the reason for calling drones remotely piloted aircraft, according to General A?","answer":"Somebody"}
{"text":["I mean, it's pretty scary at the time. It was very intimidating. It just seems like it was completely mental, an attack on a small business for a problem that it's not responsible for.","Well, what do you think of the problem?Because we read that protesters were chanting we want genuinely affordable housing and we want community. I realize it might be hard to keep that separate from the people that smeared stuff on your windows, but how do you feel about that?","I mean, I think that there is problems. There's problems of poverty in the area, and there's bad sides to gentrification, but there's also really great sides to gentrification. What we have done is we have moved into this area - the protests and gentrification in this area. If you wanted to protest gentrification in this area, you probably should've started about 15-20 years ago.","Have you ever had any conversations with any of your critics, your attackers, do you think?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"bad sides to gentrification\" and \"great sides to gentrification\" are figurative expressions that describe positive and negative aspects of the process of gentrification.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the aspects of gentrification?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Well, the Republican reaction is pretty typical. Whenever we see Donald Trump act like a stress test on democratic institutions, Republicans in Congress are usually silent. They don't seem to be concerned by the president involving himself in an internal investigation or openly calling for the Mueller investigation to end unless they are Republicans who are not running for re-election. So we have heard some criticisms from Republicans who are planning to retire. In the past, Republicans have come to the defense of Attorney General Jeff Sessions because the president has relentlessly humiliated and criticized him. And Republican senators have stood up for Sessions. He's become a kind of proxy for the rule of law. What we don't know is if firing Bob Mueller is a kind of red line for Republicans in Congress. That's really the big question.","So what do we know about the Justice Department?What are they saying about all this?","Well, there has been pushback from former DOJ officials who say this firing was inappropriate. We also know how Andrew McCabe has reacted. He said he was singled out and treated this way because of what he witnessed in the aftermath of the firing of James Comey. He says that he was fired to undermine the credibility of the Mueller investigation. We also know that McCabe made contemporaneous notes just like his boss, James Comey, did. All FBI agents are trained to do this. And coincidentally, James Comey is about to embark on a book tour, one of the highest-profile book tours ever.","Yes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Republicans in Congress are not doing enough to hold Donald Trump accountable for his actions and words","questions":"Which political party is being criticized for not holding Donald Trump accountable?","answer":"Republicans"}
{"text":["The sport right now is not very big, but the potential is huge. And one of the reasons there's such a big potential is that the typical esports viewer and esports player are young males. Those are people that don't watch television. They've never watched television. We talk about cord-cutters in the business. These are cord-nevers.","And so advertisers are desperate to try to reach them because they can't reach them anywhere else. So you have companies like Turner Sports, the Big Agency, WME-IMG - they see that advertisers want to reach this group, so they're all trying to get into that group to sort of prove that advertisers should go with them in order to build up the business.","Where is the money coming from, though?And sort of where is it going?Where are they investing the money in?","In several different places. You have certain NBA team owners that have invested in actual teams. I mentioned Turner Sports and WME-IMG. They actually created a league called ELEAGUE with different teams, and they have a regular season and a playoff tournament. Sponsors are sort of getting attached to all of this, and that's where all the money is coming in from, sort of all areas."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In (2), the speaker is saying that advertisers are desperate to reach young male viewers and are investing in esports to do so. The literal meaning is straightforward, but the implied meaning is that traditional forms of advertising are becoming less effective in reaching younger generations, which is why advertisers are turning to esports as a new platform to reach their target audience.","questions":"Which group of people are advertisers desperate to reach in esports?","answer":"Young"}
{"text":["Is there a way to balance - to better balance interest in public safety, the rights of defendants and also the public's interest in not burdening people with so much debt that they can't function?","The problem with approaches like this private pre-trial supervision is that they not only fail on a sort of, you know, human, moral level when you look at the impact that they're having on poor people, they also really are failing on a public safety level. They're failing in terms of outcomes. There's really nothing that suggests to us that our current approach of investing in this kind of surveillance and caging black and brown people is actually resulting in better public safety outcomes.","That's Blake Strode. He's the executive director of ArchCity Defenders. That's a nonprofit civil rights law firm in St.  Louis, Mo. Blake Strode, thank you so much for talking with us.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The current approach of investing in pre-trial supervision is immoral, discriminatory and doesn't result in better public safety outcomes","questions":"Which approach is failing on a sort of human, moral level and doesn't result in better public safety outcomes?","answer":"supervision"}
{"text":["You know, I'm encouraged by the step. It makes it easier to deal with churches that have enabled or covered up sexual abuse. That being said, it is a framework only.","A framework only - what do you mean?","Well, it creates a new committee by which these claims can be vetted. What we don't know yet is who is going to be on that committee, what questions the committee will be asking as they consider whether or not churches are in violation of the SBC standards on sexual abuse. And so it really remains to be seen what is built on that framework.","Talk to me about the culture. I'm thinking of some reporting that our religion correspondent, Tom Gjelten, has been doing this week. He's been interviewing Southern Baptist women. And they describe a culture that is resistant to change. Has that been your experience as you've interacted with church leaders?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B doesn't understand the implications of the framework","questions":"How does PersonB respond to PersonA's statement about the framework?","answer":"Confused"}
{"text":["You know, World War II is very cut-and-dry. It was like, these are the bad guys, you know. We're fighting for, you know, freedom. And not just for Europe, but for ourselves, for our people, to prove that we are more than what people say we are. That's not happening in Iraq.","Well, Professor, thanks for the interview.","Well, thank you.","Yvonne Latty is author of \"We Were There: Voices of African-American Veterans from World War II to the War in Iraq. \"She's also a professor in the department of journalism at New York University."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : cut-and-dry implies World War II was easy to understand and not complicated","questions":"Which war was not happening in Iraq?","answer":"Europe"}
{"text":["Committee will come to order.","Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff was the one swinging that gavel and overseeing the hearing with Acting Director of National Intelligence Joseph Maguire. Chairman Schiff, welcome back to the program.","Thank you. Great to be with you.","Let me first ask you about one big revelation in the whistleblower complaint, which is that after President Trump asked Ukraine's president to look into the Biden family, the White House locked down all records of the call, putting them into a separate electronic system to handle especially sensitive classified information. Have you ever heard of a White House doing something like that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The gavel was not swung but Adam Schiff had authority over the meeting.","questions":"How did Adam Schiff exercise control over the meeting?","answer":"Authority"}
{"text":["Arthur Thomas took Jeni Stepien's hand as the music at her wedding reception started. He did my father-daughter dance with me and then handed me to my mom, she wrote on Facebook. It was truly the best day of my entire life.","The Department of Health and Human Services says that almost 30,000 people received organ transplants in the United States in 2014. But 22 people a day die, on average, while waiting for a transplant, in part because there's a shortage of organs available.","Charity Tilleman-Dick, an opera soprano who's become a vocal advocate for organ donation, has had two double lung transplants at Cleveland Clinic. She still sings. I'm alive today because a family in Ohio turned their tragedy into a miracle, she told us. Some people say life's not a sprint, it's a marathon. It should be a relay. When you round mortality's final bend, pass the baton. In death, we can give breath. We can give grace. We can give life.","(Singing) Another day, a day of grace, is given us from on high."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  In this turn, Charity Tilleman-Dick is implying that people can help to save the lives of others by donating their organs after they die, which is much different from the literal meaning of the words.","questions":"How did Charity Tilleman-Dick become an advocate for organ donation?","answer":"Advocate"}
{"text":["Prime Minister Boris Johnson asked the queen to suspend Parliament - a very British coup, as many of his critics say, or a way to force Parliament to work out Brexit three years-plus after voters voted for him.","Or perhaps a device to get Parliament out of the way and allow Boris and the Brexiteers to finally leave the EU even without a deal. And the EU has said it is done negotiating. So this fall, Britain may leave the European Union and do it in the most disruptive and unpredictable way imaginable. So for the residents of Britain, this is rather like watching a hurricane bear down on them, feeling helpless to stop it and unable to escape.","The romance between the president and Fox News seemed to have everything going for it. What happened?","(Laughter) It does seem to have cooled. Weeks ago, the president started complaining about the opinion polls he saw on Fox News. They were showing his approval rating as low as most of the other media and academic polls. So he called that fake news."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The good feelings between the president and fox news seems to be over.","questions":"What did the president and Fox News have?","answer":"Relationship"}
{"text":["Waiting for the winds to drop down below 50 - sustained winds drop below 50. And at that time we send out all of our first respondents of police, fire, EMS, and our utility companies. Everybody goes out and does damage assessment report in their areas. Report it back to us. We make a priority listing, so we can get power back on if we lost any power. Get the resources back and so we can just bring our people back.","But the winds are above 50 miles an hour, now. So, you don't have anybody out right now?Every body's just hunkered down.","Ninety nine percent of our people are hunkered down. We have a few of our - like the sheriff, he is out, and a few other higher ranking agency people are out, but most - 99 percent of our people are hunkered down in shelters.","So, how long do you really expect that that's going to last?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Emergency responders are not currently out due to high winds.","questions":"Which resource is given priority for restoration after damage assessment report?","answer":"Power"}
{"text":["What did it mean to many Italian Americans to have Columbus Day established as a federal holiday back in the 1930s?","One has to remember that when Italians arrive here in the late 1880s in mass - we're talking about 4 1\/2 millions who come - Italian immigrants who come between 1880s and 1924 - they encounter America that is xenophobic, that is engaging in acts of violence against immigrants. One has to remember the lynching in New Orleans of 11 Italian Americans in 1891 so that Columbus becomes this figure that Italians latch on to as a way to get a foothold in this incredibly hostile environment that they find themselves in.","So what has the reaction been among many Italian American groups and Italian American families to the emphasis in recent years on seeing the racism and brutality and violence in Columbus' personal history?","There's an emotional bond to Columbus. I've read poetry which has - says, you know, when I look at the figure of Columbus on a statue, I don't see Columbus. I see my grandfather. I see the sort of worker's hands in his hands. I see the visage, his visage. And I see that of my grandfather. So there's a really emotional bond there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Italians depended on Columbus as a means to make themselves relevant in American society.","questions":"What figure did Italian Americans latch onto to gain a foothold in a hostile American society?","answer":"Columbus"}
{"text":["Last week, the French ended their rotation at the head of United Nations Security Council. Their permanent representative, Ambassador Gerard Araud, had one preeminently difficult issue on his agenda while in charge. And, of course, that was the question of what to do about Syria. Ambassador Araud joins us from his office in New York City. Mr. Ambassador, thanks very much for being with us.","Good morning.","Mr. Ambassador, first, of course, there seemed to be more reports of civilian deaths every day in Syria. How frustrating were these last few months for you?","It was extremely frustrating because we have seen Syria sinking into what is now a real civil war. And we have desperately tried to avoid it because this country has an incredible potential for violence, violence within Syria and unfortunately also beyond the borders of Syria."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is (3) where the interviewer asks the French Ambassador how frustrating the last few months were for him. ","questions":"What was the main issue discussed by Ambassador Gerard Araud during his rotation at the United Nations Security Council?","answer":"Syria"}
{"text":["You know, we don't do a lot of cookbooks on this show. Hugh Acheson's latest cookbook fits right in. It doesn't show much cooking. The chef is shown reading in a lawn chair, taking a hot bath, even playing the cello - at least holding the bow over one.","It's a book about what you can cook - if that's quite the word - while you do something else, even for hours. \"The Chef And The Slow Cooker\" is by Hugh Acheson, the acclaimed Canadian Southern chef who owns big-name restaurants in Georgia and is a judge on \"Top Chef. \"He joins us from WABE in Atlanta.","Chef, thanks so much for being with us.","It's great to be here, Scott."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It's great to be here, Scott. Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing enthusiasm and gratitude for being present in the current situation or location, likely in a broadcast or interview setting. The statement is not solely focused on the physical act of being in the specific place mentioned.","questions":"What is the speaker expressing by saying \"It's great to be here, Scott\"?","answer":"Enthusiasm"}
{"text":["And eventually the crowd around him - the crowd of press, kind of got a little bigger. And he sort of looked around and said, maybe this is not something I should be laughing about because, you know, we are in a different age.","Mark, I've got to tell you - this is why I watch the Super Bowl, but I can't watch football during the regular season. It is hard for me to look at those talented athletes and think half of them, if not more, are going to wind up being permanently damaged by what I'm watching them do on the field.","I will tell you, Scott, that the National Football League is very worried about the likes of you and people like you, of which there are many, who are taking a more closer moral look at what they're watching. I mean, football, for many years, has been the great spectacle of American life. Every year, it's, like, 70 or 75 of the most watched television shows in America are almost always football games. We love football.","Having said that, there are a lot more people, and it happens every year. And you have research that comes out every week, it seems, and testimonials from retired players and researched brains from dead players that tell us a little bit more. And as we get smarter, I think the league, you know, has to try to keep up with some kind of rule changes and equipment changes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker feels guilty about watching football because of the permanent damage it causes to players' health","questions":"What is the reason for the PersonA's guilt when watching football?","answer":"Permanent"}
{"text":["No, because the guys used to sit on the porch and play their guitars and (unintelligible). And then would beat to the tap of their foot. So I kind of adapted that tanta-ta-tan-tum, tanta-ta-tan-tum(ph). I mean, because - I mean, my people - my relatives, most of them were from Jackson, Mississippi. So when they migrated to Indianapolis, they kind of brought a lot of that feeling.","When he said write a hit, that one song people know me all over the world, in Russia, Africa, Japan, all over the world, people, the first thing they say when they see me, \"Red Clay. \"","In the course of your career, you had, obviously, highs and you had some lows, and they've been described as personal problems. Without going into detail, are we to assume that those problems were substance abuse related?","Well, substance abuse, I wouldn't really say I had a problem with that. I mean, I would say that at one period in the '70s, I started partying, I was in Hollywood A-list(ph). And everybody would come up there, I mean, all kind of movie stars, all kind of football stars, basketball stars, actors. And I had a spot right there in (unintelligible) overlooking the (unintelligible). And the people that I had coming up there - now, the substance abuse, it was around because a lot of people who would come to see me would bring it. But I would never really say I had a habit or anything like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : My relatives brought the feeling of Jackson, Mississippi to Indianapolis.","questions":"Which city did the PersonA's relatives migrate from?","answer":"Jackson"}
{"text":["And, of course, it's irresistible to point out Franklin Roosevelt, who, as you rightly point out, is considered one of our greatest presidents, still put Japanese-American citizens in internment camps. Lincoln, our greatest president by universal acclamation, crushed civil liberties in many areas to prosecute the war. Are you just focusing on what Buchanan did wrong?","Look, nobody's perfect, of course. And, of course, one of the things I like to point out in the book is that Buchanan had some good traits, too. He wasn't just some evil jerk. He was the greatest party giver in mid-19th century America. He - even though he hated Douglas, there's nothing I could find in any of his papers where he bad-mouthed anybody.","He was a very civil guy. And so people liked him. So that's a plus, I would say. But his negatives was he had no knowledge of how to lead in any case. He waffled when we really needed him - the lead-up to the Civil War. And this was a really crucial time. And he really blew it.","Robert Strauss - his book, \"Worst. President. Ever. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Despite the fact that Buchanan was liked for his civility, he was still an ineffective leader and failed to take action in a crucial moment.","questions":"How was Buchanan's leadership during the lead-up to the Civil War?","answer":"Ineffective"}
{"text":["So I always tell people, look at your many choices. Don't close any doors. But the fact is that, you know, take your passion, take it as far as you can, but understand you've got to make a living, and you've got to pay the loan back.","What about people like you, who are college presidents?What challenges are you facing in trying to make sure that you can get a broad variety of students from different backgrounds?","Farai, you know, what keeps me up at night is the young women who want to be admitted but don't have the dollars, the young women who are students who are continuing, who are saying, I need more financial aid, the young women whose parents can't take out another loan. That literally keeps me up at night. If you see me again and I'm gray, that's what did it.","I mean literally. I mean, I wake up in the - you know, I wake up in the middle of the night and say, how can I find money for these young people?It is a challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Financial difficulties faced by young women seeking admission are causing immense stress to me.","questions":"Which group of people is causing stress to \"A\"?","answer":"admission"}
{"text":["So this will help the basketball players and then also the track events. But the good thing is obviously with these developments - the wheelchairs (unintelligible) through the people, you know, everyday people that use wheelchairs, and it will mean it's more lightweight for them to lift, say, in and out of vehicles.","And some of this stuff then filters in back to the general public.","Yeah, I mean, and that's a great thing, you know, the flow sort of from elite to high street, as we refer to it, is great. So you start seeing that, for example, with push bikes. We see a lot of that now available, helmet design from bikes, you say that. Swimwear is another thing that we see a lot of technology flowing into the high street.","Let's talk about swimwear because there was a kind of swimwear that was used and is now banned, and something new is taking its place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"the flow sort of from elite to high street\" - The literal meaning of \"elite to high street\" refers to the movement of trends or products from exclusive or high-end markets to more accessible ones. The intended meaning is that technology used in elite sports is being adapted for use by everyday people.","questions":"Which market benefits from the technology flow referred to as \"elite to high street\"?","answer":"High"}
{"text":["Well, it occurred to me very early on in my career that there's no story to equal the story of Moses. At least, you know, to me and my background. So, I wrote some notes - this is back in 1951 - about something called the lawgiver, which I would hope someday to write. And I put these papers aside and glanced at them now and then, but I never thought I'd be able to do it because Moses was just beyond my reach.","Mr.  Wouk, I mean, I don't think telling the story of Moses is beyond you. But I do want to point out that it's been done.","Well, that really was the trouble. It's been done to utter perfection. There's no matching the tale exactly as it's told in the five books of Moses. The key to writing it was there was no narrative voice so that, quote, \"Herman Wouk,\" unquote, is taking no responsibility for what's being written. It's just various voices around a production rather of a movie about Moses.","Every time in this book I read an email or a conversation that seemed to kind of be mocking Hollywood, I thought about the movies that have been made of your books. And they've been pretty good, haven't they?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He as not reaching for Moses but means that the story was something he could not write.","questions":"How did PersonA feel about writing the story of Moses?","answer":"good"}
{"text":["Andrew, Ivan Golunov has been a vocal critic of the Russian government. But his arrest is, apparently, unusual.","Right. Yeah, I do think it's unusual. You know, when - attacks on journalists do happen in Russia and, you know, journalists have been beaten. They've been killed for their reporting in certain cases. But the idea that drugs would be planted on a journalist, that's a more unusual case here. It leaves sort of very little daylight between the journalist's reporting and kind of direct pressure being put on him by the government. So to be honest, I've been here for eight years, and I can't remember a case similar to this one. And I think that that in particular is what made people so angry about what's going on.","There wasn't even a requirement to sort of exact violence against him, but this idea that if Ivan can have drugs planted on him while he's walking through Moscow then literally anybody could have drugs planted on him, as well. And I think that that's what made people so nervous about the case, specifically among journalists, and that's why we've seen such a backlash.","Andrew Roth is Moscow bureau chief for The Guardian."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The backlash means that people are complaining about the situation.","questions":"How did people respond to Ivan Golunov's case?","answer":"angry"}
{"text":["I'm sorry. Yeah.","So what to do?","OK. There are a couple of solutions. I would first offer the Solomonic solution - take them both out. Or perhaps you would want to put the girl in back of the bull or standing alongside the bull. In fact, Herman Melville's \"Moby Dick\" begins in the first paragraph with Ishmael wandering down right on this corner, having his nose lead him to water. I'd rather have a sculpture of Melville there. I think the point is most public sculpture is bad because there are too many people involved with making the decision. It's too democratized because of, necessarily, where it goes.","Jerry Saltz is senior art critic for New York Magazine. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : I'm sorry.Yeah.\" Implicated Meaning: The speaker is not genuinely sorry or apologetic, but rather dismissive or sarcastic. The use of \"yeah\" indicates a lack of sincerity.","questions":"What was the PersonA's tone when saying \"I'm sorry.Yeah.\"?","answer":"Dismissive"}
{"text":["And how do you do that?","Well, on the behavioral side, that means helping them go from being in this setting to open air and open - eventually open water. We would take them through a very careful process of getting used to the transport units, getting used to being on a crane and in a truck and then in a tank on the dock. Eventually, they might even take drives around Baltimore to get used to the idea that they're going to be mobile since they've have not done that before.","The other aspect is the physiological adaptation, and that's a very complex and laborious process. Every - all living organisms have a microbiome associated with them. That's all the microorganisms that live around us and on us - bacteria, fungus, spores, larvae, et cetera. Dolphins do too and, in fact, in seawater, it's quite present. And the water that they live in now, which is man-made saltwater, it's fairly sterile. And of course, the ocean is not sterile.","So we will go through a long process, once we've selected a site, that will begin to integrate that water into the water they live in here so that eventually, when they leave here, they will be in water that almost completely matches the water that they'll be moving to.","I gather, Mr.  Racanelli, you've known dolphins, worked with them in a sense, since you were a teenager."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The process of helping dolphins adjust to open air and water involves not only helping them cope with changes in their environment, but also teaching them how to be mobile and transport themselves.","questions":"How does the process of helping dolphins adapt to open air and water involve mobility?","answer":"Mobility"}
{"text":["And yet despite all this, is Sisi still a popular figure?","Yeah, he is a popular figure. The military is seen as the most trusted institution in Egypt. He comes from that institution. He was elected in an election that maybe wasn't really fair, but it wasn't rigged in a wide scale manner. He was voted in with more than 95 percent of the votes here. But it's an election that took place in an atmosphere of fear, where you're basically with us or against us. And if you're against us, the idea of against us lands you in jail.","What are the challenges that he faces?","The biggest challenge he' got is the economy - the foundering economy. Egypt is in debt and needs to dig itself out of that hole. And there are constant power cuts going on right now in the soaring summer heat. And the way he's doing that is lifting the subsidies, which take a huge part of the budget. But that will also possibly lead to protests against him, possibly, because that means people are going to be paying higher gas prices, which have already been lifted, and higher food prices."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : That statement implies that Sisi's election may not have been fair and that there was an atmosphere of fear during the election.","questions":"How was Sisi elected?","answer":"Election"}
{"text":["The Staples Singers, Booker T and the MGs, Isaac Hayes and more - but the Stax tale isn't just one of another record company that became an international sensation. It's a story of tragedy - business and personal. But most importantly, it's a tale that features racial harmony in a city with a troubled racial history. In the late '50s and early '60s, Memphis, Tennessee was a city divided.","It was a city that you might say had hate pulsing through its veins.","That's author Robert Gordon. He lives in Memphis. His new book is \"Respect Yourself: Stax Records and the Soul Explosion. \"But Stax didn't start as an explosion of soul. The owners of Stax Records, Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton, set out to do something very different.","They were two white siblings. Jim was a white country fiddle player. You just wouldn't believe how far black music was from their minds at the time."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"black music was from their minds\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton were not thinking about black music at the time. The implied meaning is that they had no previous interest or exposure to black music, which makes their eventual success in the soul music industry all the more surprising.","questions":"What was far from Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton's minds?","answer":"Black"}
{"text":["Yeah, there's quite a few of them. I looked up a couple. There's one that's e-Cycle. com. The EPA also has a pretty good index for, you know, how to find these places. There's another one called ecyclingcentral. com, where you can look up local things. And I also advise people to talk to their, you know, local landfill or, you know, contact your carrier or the maker of your phone, because I truly believe that that's something that they could, you know, do better, is - at least make it easy when you're getting that new phone to drop off the old one so that it gets recycled or reused.","Or maybe, you know, even on the box where the phone comes in, it has a label already stuck on it for sticking it back in the mail.","Yeah. That would be a phenomenal idea.","Yeah. Well, we sometimes come up with an idea."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The idea of labeling phone boxes for recycling is good.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue mentions a suggestion for labeling phone boxes?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["So how do you think we should be thinking about this?I mean, are you personally prepared to say this warrants an impeachment inquiry at this point?And we only have - I beg your pardon - about 30 seconds left.","Well, I don't think there's any question that this whole issue needs to be investigated. And frankly, the Republicans ought to be working with the Democrats on this issue. This is a question of checks and balances. Are we going to prevent a president and limit a president from abusing his powers as president?That's something that's not just in the Democrats' interest. It's in the Republicans' interests because one of these days, there'll be a Democratic president, and they will be very concerned if that president behaves as this president is and is not held accountable.","That was Leon Panetta. He's a former director of central intelligence. He's a former secretary of defense and has held a number of important posts, as we have said.","Mr.  Secretary, thank you so much for speaking with us once again."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He is a reliable source of information and is knowledgeable and qualified and what he says can be trusted.   ","questions":"Which former government positions has Leon Panetta held?","answer":"Director,Defense"}
{"text":["We got hit pretty hard with the recession. And when people aren't making money, they're not spending money.","And they're certainly not eating ice cream.","And they're not eating ice cream. So the more people make, the more they come down here and vacation from all over the world - general improving in the economy. I think there's a lot of confidence in the new administration that's in there. It seems like it's pro-small business, you know?There's a window manufacturer right next to where we're at, and they are swamped right now. And they say the same thing. It's, you know, people are confident. They're not holding onto their money. They're investing it in the economy.","May I ask you, did you vote for President Trump?","I didn't vote Democrat or Republican because I just - I'd had enough of the spatting back and forth. I'm prior military, so I support our president no matter who it is. But I didn't like the personalities of it, so I didn't vote for either one of those two.","Some of the owners that were surveyed were saying that there were some concerns - cost of health insurance, lack of qualified workers. Well, what are the things that you're concerned about right now that may hold back your business?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Eating ice cream is a luxury item that people can't afford during a recession.","questions":"Which item is unaffordable during a recession?","answer":"Ice-cream"}
{"text":["Story's still unfolding, we understand. What are you hearing?","Well, the evidence is that the Islamic State is behind this. In addition to French President Francois Hollande saying that the attacks were the work of ISIS, the group itself claimed responsibility in an online statement a short time ago. And they say the attacks were a response to French airstrikes in Syria and that France would remain, in their words, a top target as long as it continued its current policies.","This has been independently confirmed by intelligence officials you've been able to talk to.","Well, my understanding is that officials first started to suspect ISIS was behind this late last night. There were some cellphone conversations or texts that the gunmen were exchanging while the attacks were going on. And they mentioned ISIS. And here's why that's important. You remember the Mumbai attacks in 2008 that were - those were attacks on hotels and Jewish centers and a railway station. Well, one of the ways that they traced it back to the perpetrators was by picking up phone conversations between the gunmen and their handlers in Pakistan. The information is still coming in, but it appears that something similar happened here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Story's still unfolding, we understand. What are you hearing?  Implicated meaning: B is acknowledging that the situation is still developing and they are aware of that. The actual meaning is that B is asking A for any updates or information they may have heard.","questions":"Which word did PersonB use to acknowledge that the situation is still developing?","answer":"ISIS"}
{"text":["OK.","We're in a tent at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival. So if you hear some extraneous sounds that you wouldn't normally hear in Studio 3A, please forgive us. But it gives us the opportunity to do some things that we wouldn't ordinarily do. We want to hear from comedians today. How do you translate your material, which comes from a certain time and place, to a wider or different cultural or even ethnic group?Give us a call: 800-989-8255. Email us: talk@npr. org.","And Trevor Noah, what did you find translated well?Is there a material that you did in Cape Town that you can do in Los Angeles, or Baltimore for that matter?","Not really, no. Because the points of view changes, you know?I think the one - well, I could talk about Oprah. Oprah is worldwide. Yes.","Oprah is worldwide."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : And Trevor Noah, what did you find translated well? Is there a material that you did in Cape Town that you can do in Los Angeles, or Baltimore for that matter? (This turn has a literal meaning of asking Trevor Noah if his material translates well across different cultural settings)","questions":"What did PersonB ask Trevor Noah about his material?","answer":"Material"}
{"text":["I don't think it's new that they're supporting Assad at all. I mean, they have been pretty consistent from the beginning of the uprising, initially peaceful protest against the regime. And then as it descended into civil war, Russia has all along provided weapons, provided support, political and diplomatic efforts to shield Assad's government from action, for example, at the United Nations where Russia has a veto. I think what's new now is that they're looking at the situation in Syria as becoming more and more dire.","But you know, there's a difference between U. N.  vetoes and supplying - and military supplies and actually putting your own combat personnel or potential combat personnel on the ground.","I think that they're looking at the situation and understanding that right now there's a real danger that Assad's government can fall. And if that happens, what will replace that and how do you prepare for that when you're invested as heavily as they have been?Again, this is not new support. They've always had the naval base there. They've always had advisers on the ground. I've heard a lot over the summer about the increasing Russian concern about the imminent fall of Assad.","Well, the U. S.  had - at least as far as we can judge - had considered the potential fall of Bashar al-Assad to be good news and something that could lead to a better situation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker is implying that the U.S. is not necessarily looking forward to the fall of Assad, but rather is trying to prepare for it.","questions":"How does speaker 3 feel about the potential fall of Assad?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["What does it mean to put your hat in someone's ring?Does it mean that you are, for example, trying to lead your constituents that you're trying to lead other people, who are a part of the Congressional Black Caucus or part of Congress?What exactly does you putting your chips on the table mean?","For the past 20-something years, I have been putting out a sample ballot. And if people don't get it at the time that they think they should, my office is inundated with calls. You know, through the media, through your sample ballot operation, I let people know what's on my mind. And I try and let them know why I'm doing what I'm doing and then they make their decision.","Congresswoman, I've had a chance to come to your offices in South Los Angeles and you have a multi-racial coalition of staffers - black, white, Asian\u2026","That's right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In turn (1), the speaker is asking for clarification on the meaning of the phrase \"put your hat in someone's ring.\" The literal meaning of the turn is that the speaker is asking for a definition of the phrase. However, the implied meaning of the turn is that the speaker is curious about the context in which the phrase is used and wants to understand the implications and nuances of its usage. The turn implies that the speaker is interested in the social and political dynamics that underlie the phrase and wants to gain a deeper understanding of its meaning beyond a simple definition.","questions":"What is the speaker interested in understanding beyond a simple definition in turn (1)?","answer":"Context"}
{"text":["And it's interesting, your book had pictures of the hands of some of the great catchers of those days, gnarled and twisted. Anybody who played catcher could expect to be crippled - their hands - for the rest of their lives.","Exactly. And people would say, you know, I don't know what this guy looks like but just look for a catcher's hands. And as soon as you'll see - you see those hands, you recognize, oh, that's - that must be who it was.","Are there stories about Deacon White?You mentioned he traveled from team to team. I guess he had one fantastic year in Boston. But what kind of a man was he?Do we know?","He was a really high-character man. In a time when baseball had a lot of guys who spent their evenings drinking and carousing, Deacon - he was known as Deacon because he went to church and he was a Sunday school teacher. And family came absolutely first for him."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Playing catcher is a dangerous position that can cause permanent physical harm.","questions":"Which position in baseball can cause physical harm?","answer":"Catcher"}
{"text":["Exactly.","At the same time, she's this very sassy character. And, you know, so many of the characters here are very, you know, just sexy, kind of contemporary figures. And there's a joie-de-vivre about this, and even though she touches on a lot of heavy themes, including race and patriotism, there's a certain sass to this. Is that what attracted you to her work?","Well, I was astounded at her work. I was actually looking for something else in her cartoon that is in the late '40s. Most of her cartooning was done in the late '40s and early '50s. This one year of '37 was kind of a little different thing.","I was looking for evidence of a doll. I knew that she created a doll, and I thought I could find some evidence of that in her cartoons. And then yeah, I found the doll, but then I went on to see all of the different topics that she took on, and that got fascinating."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  B's turn contains figurative language, as \"sassy\" and \"sexy\" are not meant to be taken literally. They are used to describe the personality and appearance of the characters in the cartoon.","questions":"How does PersonB describe the characters in the cartoon?","answer":"Personality"}
{"text":["Here's a small piece of the big picture. We ask you our listeners to write in with stories about how you're doing these days financially. We call the series The Real Economy. We've heard from more than a 150 people, among them Jon Diebold in Cincinnati. Jon, what station do you hear our show on there?","91. 7 WVXU.","Well, thanks for listening. And you lead a pretty busy life there at work and at home. You own a small restaurant. How are things?","Well, it's been rough. The economy, I think, is affecting everyone and certainly those with discretionary disposable income.","Yeah. Do you do a lunch business there?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The restaurant is experiencing a decline in business due to the current economic situation","questions":"How has the economy affected the restaurant?","answer":"Rough"}
{"text":["Exactly, after Dennis. And the greatest compliment a button-maker can get - she used it in her speech to the 1996 convention in Chicago.","You, of course, we'll stipulate, produce buttons for both major parties, yes?","We are an equal opportunity offender. We did I liked Hillary four years ago, but we did a very nice Chelsea button: don't tell mama but I'm voting for Obama.","Oh my God. Now, who pays for a button like that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is a supporter of Obama and is not afraid to express it publicly, even if it goes against the expectations of his mother.","questions":"Which candidate did the speaker like four years ago?","answer":"Hillary"}
{"text":["You know, I always love - to me, there are two parts of the Olympic competition, A, the Opening Ceremonies and the 100-meter and the 200-meter dash in - men's and women's. That, to me, that's the Olympics, and I think that's going to be fascinating. It's just going to be fascinating. And there's always - there's always someone - there's always someone who comes out of the blue, and I don't think it'll be someone from China, but you just can't tell. They have been waiting for this for a long time, Tony. It's kind of what we did to the world in 1984, when we just ambushed everybody. So, I think it's - I think the competition is going to be phenomenal.","I can't let you get away from here, Bill Rhoden, without talking about - guess who - Brett Favre.","He's coming to your town.","Eh. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Brett Favre is a hot topic and cannot be ignored.","questions":"Which athlete's name is mentioned in the dialogue that PersonA and PersonB are discussing?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["This is SCIENCE FRIDAY. I'm Flora Lichtman. If you're listening to our program over the radio today, you have Nikola Tesla to thank. Many of the things we take for granted now - electricity, radar, X-ray technology - come from research done by Tesla about a hundred years ago. But even though he's been come - he's come to be known as the father of the electric age, Tesla died penniless and largely forgotten in 1943.","Skip ahead to present time and enter Matthew Inman, creator of the website The Oatmeal. You may have seen and laughed at his comics, and if you haven't, to get a flavor of them, go to our website at sciencefriday. com to see his one about Tesla. Inman partnered with a nonprofit called the Tesla Science Center at Wardenclyffe on a mission to raise money to buy Tesla's lab in Shoreham, New York, and turn it into a museum. And here's the amazing part: they did it. They raised over $1. 3 million from the public to fund a science museum. There's hope yet. Matthew Inman joins me from Atlanta. Welcome to the program and congratulations.","Oh, yeah, thanks for having me.","Who are these people that gave to your campaign?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Tesla's research contributed to modern inventions, but he died in poverty and obscurity.","questions":"Which scientist's work led to modern inventions but died in poverty and obscurity?","answer":"Tesla"}
{"text":["Well, I think on the third CD you definitely want to show some level of growth. I think your first album is your introduction. Your second album needs to show consistency. And your third album has to show growth in order for you to have a fourth album.","(Singing) You are a star, and you are perfect just the way you are. Keep on dreaming, keep on shining. . .","So, \"Keep On Dreaming,\" one of your songs, folds in the loop from Suzanne Vega's \"Tom's Diner. \"And you have echoes of songs by other artists throughout the CD, but not samples per se. Why did you choose that approach?","You know, I think people want to be able to hear something familiar while hearing something new. It kind of ties it all together, like the \"Tom's Diner\" sample, it's just, it's like, she managed to be able to convey a certain feeling just off a melody that she had. She didn't really even say anything, but \"duh duh da da, duh duh da da. \"You know what I'm saying?And I think that's something that I wanted to mimic in this song. It's not a lot of words, but it's really just a feeling that I was trying to convey."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The artist prioritizes conveying emotion over lyrics in their music","questions":"What does the artist prioritize in their music?","answer":"Emotion"}
{"text":["Part of it was that in four years, there are some voters who believe he was tone deaf, too arrogant, too bossy, not collaborative. But you're right - he raised $30 million over the last four years. The president came in and gave him what everyone called a bro hug, and all of the newspapers endorsed him, including The Chicago Defender. . .","Yeah.",". . . The African-American newspaper. And none of it worked.","Only 34 percent of the voters went to the polls this week. Isn't that usually the kind of election in which a well-financed campaign with a good ground campaign is supposed to win?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's choice of language or communication style may reflect their level of education, social status, or personal values, and may carry additional implications or associations beyond the literal meaning of their words.","questions":"What kind of implications may the PersonA's language or communication style carry beyond the literal meaning of their words?","answer":"Associations"}
{"text":["Yeah. It's very strange. We are being admonished to go everywhere and spend. And we're also told that spending is what got us into this ditch in the first place. And further, that once we're done spending and get out of the ditch, we really need to stop spending so much and start saving.","So it gets even more confusing because there's going to be some magical moment at which we are to stop shopping and start saving.","Seems like we're in that magical moment, but it's not magical.","(Laughing) No, it's not magical. But I think we're still at the moment where we're supposed to be at spending. And of course, that's not happening."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The advice we receive about spending and saving is contradictory.","questions":"How is the advice about spending and saving?","answer":"Contradictory"}
{"text":["Well, when the storm stops, and they give the all-clear to leave, the first thing will be to see if we even have a car that we can get into because they're expecting flooding in this area. And then we'll go from there - one step at a time.","Well, thank you very much. Susie and Ben Black talking to us from the maternity ward at HealthPark Medical Center. . .","Thank you.",". . . In Fort Myers, Fla."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The situation is uncertain and they need to take it one step at a time","questions":"Which approach do they plan to take?","answer":"Step"}
{"text":["So - but they did these kits, which also are - each one of them is a box that contain a lot of evidence that could be tested. And so yes, we have a problem in this country with rape culture. You see that going on right now. It's never been more evident than it is now - rape culture, sexual harassment culture, all of that.","And so training was also needed. Back then, when we first started, we had found police reports in some files that we pulled where police officers were writing very disparaging things about our victims - not believing them, dismissing their cases, not bothering to work on them. And so that was a part of it as well - not just the neglect, not just no money but just active rape culture in play, where they just did not care.","Based on your expertise, this is happening in a number of cities and counties. Isn't it?","Yeah. There are estimated to be over 400,000 untested abandoned rape kits in this country. And I don't know if you're familiar with Michigan Stadium right here in our state. It seats over 100,000 people. When I tell people that the amount of untested kits in this country that they're estimated to be - you can fill up the biggest college or national football stadium in the country four times. And that's if each kit represents a victim - which it does - and you think of game day at Michigan Stadium four times over, that's how many we have in this country. And that's probably a conservative estimate. It is absolutely horrible. And hopefully, it is changing, albeit very slowly."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There is a significant backlog of untested rape kits in the country.","questions":"How many untested rape kits are estimated to be in the country?","answer":"400,000"}
{"text":["You know, it's interesting that you should say that because leasing was one of the ways you could get into a car without having to have a huge down payment. So now, if leasing is going to cost more, buying a car already costs more with regard to the down payment, it's going to be really tough for some people, isn't it?","It will be, and you know what it's going to put pressure on is the used-car market, because if you can't get a new one, you go get a used one. But if they have more demand for used ones, that's going to push up, too. So the entire - the love affair that America had with the automobile. . .","Coming to an end?","It may be a love affair that we have to look at again, you know, somebody cheated on somebody, I don't know who."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The increase in leasing and new car prices will lead to a rise in demand for used cars, which will increase their prices as well.","questions":"What market will face pressure due to the increase in prices of new cars and leasing?","answer":"Used-car"}
{"text":["Well, the justification I think is a good one for nonprofit organizations like Scholarly Societies that really do operate on pretty much a cost recovery model. The commercial ventures, though, that have the profit margins in the 30 and 40 percent range, there really is no justification. They're profit-maximizing businesses, which is fine. The question is, should such businesses be built around information that's vital to the public's good and the public's health?","When these scholars do articles, who gets - do they get any of that money?","They're unpaid. The authors of these articles traditionally contribute the work of writing the articles, the work of reviewing and verifying the information, and they're not paid.","I can see why universities might feel that they were paying too much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker understands why universities might feel that they are paying too much. Implied Meaning: The speaker implies that universities are burdened with excessive costs, possibly related to the payment or compensation for scholarly articles, which prompts their concern about paying too much.","questions":"How are universities burdened?","answer":"Costs"}
{"text":["For my country right now, I hope for the best. I really, really hope and I wish that this could have a solution that didn't include war. But honestly, after all these years, I'm really, really scared, really, really sad. But I think that it's the only way.","(Singing in foreign language).","If the military intervention happens, I hope that then - no innocents die in the process.","That was Venezuelan musician Lolita De Sola."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : they are trying to imply they want peace not war instead ","questions":"What is the musician's name?","answer":"Lolita"}
{"text":["Your own ministry was, at one point, attacked by a crowd. Does the government have a policy, when it comes to dealing with protesters - particularly if acts of violence occur?","Yesterday, as soon as I became aware that the ministry was being attacked, I came back and I asked for reinforcements, which were immediately provided. So, we managed to have a situation where no one was hurt and the crowd was controlled relatively quickly. This kind of degradation or attacks against the building, such as the foreign ministry, which is one that inhabitants of Brazilia and Brazilians in general are very proud of - it's an icon of modern architecture - are entirely unacceptable. And that for manifestations to carry a message that will be seriously heard and taken into account, they cannot include this kind of behavior.","Antonio Patriota is the foreign minister of Brazil, speaking with us from Brazilia. Thanks very much, sir.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In this turn, the speaker is not just providing a straightforward answer to the question asked by the interviewer. Instead, they are using the opportunity to condemn the violent behavior of protesters and emphasize the importance of peaceful demonstrations. The implied meaning is that the government does have a policy for dealing with protesters, but the speaker is more interested in making a statement about the need for peaceful protest.","questions":"What was the PersonA's main concern while responding to the interviewer's question about the government's policy on dealing with protesters?","answer":"Peaceful"}
{"text":["So it's not unusual for hospitals to sue patients for unpaid medical bills, but there's so much striking about this situation. Like, what are some of the things where - that stands out about this about how unusual this is?","So Methodist is really aggressive in their use of the courts to collect on these debts. Once they get a judgment, they will hound a patient from low-wage job to low-wage job to try to garnish their wages, and that's what we saw with the main character in our story, Carrie Barrett. I call her Ms.  Carrie. So Ms.  Carrie had surgery in 2007, was sued in 2010. And since then, the hospital has actually added $18,000 worth of interest to her debt. So not only do they add, you know, $5,000 in attorney's fees - they're also accruing interest even as they know she works at low-income jobs.","So part of how this works is Methodist gets the judgment, and then they filed a garnishment order. The employer can return that garnishment order saying, basically, this person doesn't make enough to even have their wages garnished. Ms.  Carrie's employer was telling her she's not even making more than enough to have her wages garnished, and Methodist kept after her. It was like they were just waiting to see if she made a little bit more money so they could take it.","And they also are affiliated with the United Methodist Church. I mean, there are three bishops, as I understand from your reporting, that serve on the board. Did they have something to say about this?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Methodist hospital is very aggressive in collecting unpaid medical bills.","questions":"How does Methodist hospital collect unpaid medical bills?","answer":"aggressive"}
{"text":["Now you know, in this country the housing crisis particularly fed by the subprime mortgage crisis, led to the recession in a - to a large degree. Back in 2007, you did a presentation about Latin America and the Caribbean building what you called an immune system against that kind of housing mortgage-related crisis. What did that involve?","Well, it follow in the several crisis that Latin America had in the 1990's. Bank regulators and supervisors were particularly cautious. So Latin America built perhaps a stronger than in the past certainly, and comparatively to other regions, the stronger frameworks of bank regulation supervision. The systems in Latin America became more conservative and as a result they did not get into these new fashionable instruments - sophisticated instruments - that became popular in the U. S. , in the developed markets.","As a result of being perhaps significantly behind these innovations, the Latin American's financial systems now find themselves with better quality loans, more resilient banking systems, better capitalized. It doesn't mean that this crisis will not affect domestic markets. It will affect but - but the domestic markets are in a better position to absorb the - what's coming to them.","Our final question is this, and I only have about 10 seconds for you to answer, are you confident that things will improve in Latin America, perhaps more quickly than in the United States or elsewhere?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Latin America did not get involved with popular financial loans that America used.","questions":"What type of instruments did Latin America not get involved with?","answer":"Financial"}
{"text":["Germany - you want to look out for Germany. They've won two World Cups, too. But the Germans are having some issues. The reigning FIFA world player of the year, Nadine Kessler, she's out after knee surgery. One of their star midfielders broke her leg. Of course, we can't forget about Japan. Japan are ranked fourth, but they're the reigning World Cup champions. A talented young player to keep an eye on is 20-year-old Asisat Oshoala from Nigeria. She just won the BBC's female footballer of the year award. Not so young as the Brazilian team, but the team. . .","But Marta - they've got Marta.","Exactly, they got Marta. She's the best player in the world - FIFA's footballer of the year five times. She's so good she doesn't need a last name, Scott. She's just Marta.","She could balance of Volkswagen on her foot. She's that good."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"balance a Volkswagen on her foot\" - This turn is hyperbole, an exaggeration used for emphasis, and means that Marta is an exceptionally talented football player, rather than literally being able to balance a car on her foot.","questions":"How is the turn \"balance a Volkswagen on her foot\" used in the dialogue?","answer":"Exaggeration"}
{"text":["Do we know what was in these emails?What were they about?","It was basically a whole range of emails - the fast-moving events of the Arab Spring, Afghanistan, the war in Syria. One person told me that emails in question were summaries of cell phone conversations with foreign ministers that wanted to get urgent messages passed along to Hillary Clinton. So, you know, remember, it's cell phone conversations, so not on a very secure line.","One key point to tease out here is that the material here was not classified at the time the emails were sent, right?They were - it was retroactively classified.","That's right, and that's the big question that a lot of these diplomats have. You know, they were a dinner conversation with a bunch of foreign officials or with a bunch of foreigners, and they were writing back to this. Why would that be classified now?And that's a question that a lot of these people are having - why they were retroactively classified. And by the way, I should mention that some were told that they were retroactively classified in 2015, 2016, before the Trump administration came to office. Others didn't know when theirs were retroactively classified."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The key point is made to make people want to learn more about what happened.","questions":"Which point was made to create interest in the situation?","answer":"Key-point"}
{"text":["Stocks in two major computer chip companies - Qualcomm and Broadcom, two major ones - were down 6% today. Google dropped 2%. And this was after Google said it would stop supporting Android devices for phones made by Huawei because the company was on the Commerce Department's blacklist. Google is a major software provider for Huawei. And if these restrictions went on for months, Google could take a beating.","Correct me if I'm wrong here, Jackie, but didn't the U. S.  back off last year in a somewhat similar way shortly after blacklisting another Chinese telecom company?","That's right. It was a company called ZTE, and they were on the blacklist. And it went on for a while. And they were on the verge of bankruptcy. And this is a major Chinese corporation - almost went bust until the Trump administration reversed that decision and allowed U. S.  companies to supply it again. So it's the same sort of scenario. But, Mary Louise, the Trump administration has been tightening the screws on Huawei for months now in part because it has links to the Chinese government.","And U. S.  intelligence agencies believe Huawei could use its equipment to spy on the U. S.  and its allies. The administration asked Canada to arrest and extradite one of Huawei's senior officials. And administration officials have been fanning out across the world asking allies, pressuring allies not to use Huawei equipment. So up until now, it's been a full-court press by the administration to contain the company."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Trump administration is actively trying to limit the use of Huawei equipment by its allies.","questions":"What is the name of the Chinese telecom company that was blacklisted last year and almost went bankrupt?","answer":"ZTE"}
{"text":["Well, that's a big part of the checkout of the - what we're doing for the first month or so is just going through and sort of systematically checking out each part of the rover, all of the science instruments, the basic mobility, capability, the arm, the different pieces just to make sure everything is okay after the voyage to Mars.","And then we'll start doing the science mission and really, in earnest, you know, start exploring the area around Bradbury's Landing. It's - in the case of ChemCam, we also get the benefit with the laser that we were actually able to do some early science measurements, as well. And so, as part of the checkout, we got science data in addition.","Do you have a rock in mind that you want to zap in earnest?","We did, yeah. Well, we actually zapped pretty much the area right around where the rover landed. And it's actually interesting to the scientists because the plume of the rocket engines actually, sort of, scoured out an area on both sides of the rover, which normally Mars is covered, all the surface area is covered, with a lot of dust."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It implies the inspection of all necessary equipment that was used for the voyage to Mars.","questions":"Which mission did the rover complete after the checkout?","answer":"Science"}
{"text":["The storm was downgraded to a category-two hurricane just as it hit land. So, that's got to be good news for everybody there.","Oh, yes. The staff here, were all looking at the - upstairs in the ops room and stuff - They're looking at the weather, everybody's feeling much confident. Our field units - people who first responded are feeling better about the situation, we'll just wait for the past five - even more so that we can get crews out and do a real good damage assessment of the whole parish including the parts in the lower parishes, which will be closer to the eye itself.","Now that the storm has hit land, what are the projections for where it will go and how it will go over the next twelve hours?","Well, my understanding, it's going to slowly drift north, stretching north west and then a little more to the west, and there's a possibility that it may slow down and maybe even stall near the Louisiana, Texas line."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The hurricane may slow down and cause damage near the Louisiana-Texas border.","questions":"How might the hurricane affect the Louisiana-Texas border?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["Thank you. I - so each morning in my newsletter, I include the schedules for all of the 2020 presidential candidates. And so I'm kind of, you know, kind of scouring the Web to make sure that I can keep on top of all of them. And on Wednesday night, I stumbled upon a Facebook post from a county party in Iowa announcing that de Blasio would be coming there for the first stop on his presidential announcement tour. And that rings alarm bells since he hadn't announced yet. And so I tweeted out and was able to kind of pre-empt his announcement.","That is a huge scoop. And it's great sleuthing. I mean, it's amazing attention to detail. And you also put out your news on the same day you were taking a four-hour Advanced Placement exam, which is extraordinary. That must have been a lot of work.","It was. It was a big day, for sure.","You have been writing this newsletter since you were 9 years old. I mean, you've clearly been a journalism junkie for a long time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Scouring means to be reading the internet.  Stumbled upon simply means it was an accident to find the information.  Alarm bells did not ring but the person did get alerted to the information.","questions":"How did PersonA pre-empt de Blasio's announcement?","answer":"Tweeted"}
{"text":["It's really - it's really unlike any other church in the city and, you know, very, very few in Europe. It's not simply a church. It's almost like stepping into a kind of medieval marketplace inside. It's enormous. It's - there's always a hurly burly. And there's always a - you know, numerous things going on in there.","Well, now, we were seeing reports that officials are saying the fire might be connected to the renovation work going on in there. You've reported on the renovations for Time. What kind of shape was the cathedral in before this fire?","Well, you know, for years they have been saying that the church was in terrible shape. And in fact, church officials had taken me up onto the roof not that long ago, when I was reporting this for Time, to show me how pieces of the building were simply dropping off. They described the gargoyles, the medieval faces on the side of the church, as being like ice cream melting in the sun. They would simply, like, drop away. The church had no money to replace them or restore them. And so they were using, like, PVC pipes to just, you know, stick on the side of the walls where the gargoyles had been. And. . .","Oh, my goodness, wow. I mean, Notre Dame is one of the most iconic symbols of Paris. Can you talk about the cultural significance of this cathedral for France?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The cathedral was in poor condition before the fire due to lack of funding for maintenance and restoration.","questions":"How was the condition of the cathedral before the fire?","answer":"Poor"}
{"text":["Let me move on to another issue. I was covering both the Democratic and Republican Conventions, and one of the biggest applause lines during the Republican Conventions had to do with drilling for oil. Drill now, drill now, drill now. There is a serious set of distinctions between Senator Obama's policy towards energy and the McCain campaigns policy towards energy. Very briefly, very briefly, describe them to me, as they would affect consumers.","OK, I would say three distinct differences. One, the emphasis of McCain has been on drilling. The facts show that he U. S.  consumes 25 percent of the world's oil and has 3 percent of the reserves. So it's obvious that we cannot drill our way out of that problem.","Obama's focus has been on what can we do in the immediate run, and in the long run, to wean our dependence on oil. And that means investing in an extensive program to convert the economy with green jobs and research, deployment, development of alternative energy. And it also means efficiencies, conservation, raising fuel standards and things to reduce our demand.","So emphasizing the whole portfolio of energies and reducing our demand, but we know that ultimately we've got to move to a different source of energy, and that's the only way to do it. And that is a very big difference between the two candidates."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Moving to a different source of energy is necessary and a major difference between the two candidates","questions":"How would you describe the major difference between the two candidates regarding energy?","answer":"Source"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely, absolutely. And I think that before Manny was traded, you say that C. C. was the hands-on favorite, but man, I think the impact that Manny has made on what was a moribund Dodgers team is sensational. I think if the voting was held right now and was fair, I think Manny Ramirez would be the MVP of the National League. What he's done there is incredible.","But it's not going to happen, is it?","Well, if there's justice in the world, and as you and I know there is justice in the world, I think it could happen. I mean, look at what he's done. I mean, he's made - he's helped them make shambles out of that race just because of him. C. C. 's done an excellent job, but Milwaukee is fading. Los Angeles is just becoming strong, and then there's the whole irony of Manny hooking up with his former archrival Joe Torre. And just the idea of these two guys grinding an axe against their former teams, which used to be archrivals, I just think the drama is just too - it's just too delicious. That's why I really think it should be Manny.","All right, let's end this with this connection. Since you've talked about Manny, then you talked about Joe Torre, formerly of the New York Yankees, now let's talk about Yankees stadium, which closes it's doors, last game ever in Yankee Stadium this Sunday. I know that you live close to the ballpark. Are you sad, Mr.  New Yorker?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A implies that justice would be served if Manny were to be voted MVP due to his outstanding performance.","questions":"Which player does PersonA believe should be the MVP of the National League?","answer":"Manny"}
{"text":["Media looks very bad on this. It looks credulous for Justice Department sources. Hatfill had filed suit against the government and, you know, sought to get the names of sources from journalists, taking them to court to do so, and to try to prove that the Justice Department had intentionally leaked this, as they sought to, you know, circle in on him and to capture him for these attacks.","Now, this year, there was a settlement, a legal settlement, for Steven Hatfill from the government.","That's right. Just a few months ago, the government essentially paid out a package - depending on how you value it - but about 5. 85 million dollars to compensate him for lost revenue over the course of his career. He lost a job at Louisiana State University, as a result of this, that he had been offered. Interestingly, the government did not exonerate him directly. Although the entire settlement tended to do that, but it not explicitly exonerate him, and nor did it apologize to him for this. CHADWICK: I don't imagine that we in the media are going to be apologizing to him either. NPR's David Folkenflik, thank you.","You bet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"You bet.\" - The actual meaning is \"You're welcome\" or \"No problem\".","questions":"Which phrase did PersonA use to respond to Chadwick's comment?","answer":"You-bet"}
{"text":["Lastly, Mara, I have to ask you because it just seems that, week after week, tensions between this administration and the press grows more hostile. You're in that White House briefing room day in and day out. How would you describe the atmosphere?","The atmosphere is tense and contentious, but it always has been between the White House press corps and the press secretary. I think that the Trump administration has taken this to a new level. You have a president who considers the media a foil, calls the mainstream press the enemy of the people, fake news, dishonest, disgusting, horrible people. So part of his political strategy is to demonize reporters and the media. So, of course, that's going to show up in the briefing room.","That's NPR's national political correspondent, Mara Liasson. Thank you, as always.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president thinks that the media is out to ruin him and makes them out to be evil.","questions":"Which group of people does the Trump administration consider the enemy of the people?","answer":"Media"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And the blog that you refer to with Melissa Harris-Lacewell is a blog called Down from the Tower, and it's an ongoing discussion between Melissa and Marc Lamont Hill, who is a professor at Temple. And so, one day, you might click on, and Melissa will have the call and Marc will have the response. One day, he may toss out a question to her. He'll have the call and she'll have the response. And it's a very lively - up to now, it has been a political discussion. But they may take on other things. Politics seems to be dominating the moment.","But I do hope that the site evolves into one where our writers are talking to one another and talking to the Web and to communities that live outside The Root, bringing new information and ideas and, you know, creating a vibrant marketplace for idea.","And I also think one of the things that I like about - I'm glad you pointed out the exchange between Melissa and Marc, because it is debate and it is thoughtful, weighty, witty debate. And it's not\u2026","All right."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker praises the exchange between Melissa and Marc on the Down from the Tower blog, describing it as thoughtful, weighty, and witty debate. The literal meaning of the turn is straightforward. However, the implied meaning is that the exchange represents a rare and valuable example of substantive political discourse, which is often lacking in mainstream media. This suggests that the exchange has a broader significance than just being a discussion between two individuals.","questions":"What is the name of the ongoing discussion between Melissa Harris-Lacewell and Marc Lamont Hill on the Down from the Tower blog?","answer":"Down"}
{"text":[". . . For your research on pulsars and for being a leader in the scientific community. So what does this latest accolade mean to you?","Well, it left me speechless when I got the news because I never, ever dreamt of this, I must admit. And it's a vast sum of money, as well, which. . .",". . . Is, really, I think, a bit hard to believe.","It certainly is. A lot has changed for women in science, but, as I'm sure you know, a lot hasn't. And I think the fact that you're giving away the money for scholarships may be a nod to the fact that it's still hard for certain people to break into the field."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It may be a way to give attention to women trying to break into science.","questions":"How is the money being used?","answer":"Scholarships"}
{"text":["I decided to take matters in my own hands and decided to raise the funds that I need to get the materials that the kids need. The budget wasn't going to change. The only thing is, it was going to get worse. I had decided that I should advertise on my test, and I said, well, if you would like to put a quote or an ad at the bottom of my test, then it'd be kind of a mutual - they help the kids, and then I help them get a little bit of PR out of it.","And so the parents, they responded well?","Absolutely. Back to school night, I had one parent give me a $100 check, and she said, I hope this gets you started, and I actually had a lot of good comments, saying that's very creative and thinking outside the box.","And I've actually gotten emails from parents and one from my school district saying, you know, I am glad somebody is finally speaking up and saying that parents are having a tough time footing the bill for things that should have been paid for through their tax dollars and paid through the school system.","And what did the kids says?I mean, aren't they kind of bombarded by advertising all day long when they are not in school?","They really like the quotes, and they actually look forward to them. I've had students say, hey, what's going to be the next quote, and I tell them, you have to wait."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I am glad somebody is finally speaking up and saying that parents are having a tough time footing the bill for things that should have been paid for through their tax dollars and paid through the school system.\" - The actual meaning is that the person is glad someone is raising awareness about the issue of parents having to pay for things that should have been covered by taxes and the school system.","questions":"How did the person in turn 3 feel about the issue being raised?","answer":"Glad"}
{"text":["Did you think twice?","I said - well, I didn't think - well, I said, sure, and I held it to the ground. And then I thought, this is not exactly what I signed up for, but, you know, you need to pitch in a little bit in these circumstances.","For a disease, a virus to spill over, is it just a matter of coming in contact with the right animal?Is it just chance, or does there have to be something special about the virus itself to be able to infect multiple species?","Well, some kinds of virus, yes, are better at this than others. And the scientists who watch the world for the next spillover are particularly vigilant about single-stranded RNA viruses, as distinct from DNA viruses that carry their genomes on the good old, stable double helix. RNA viruses, when they replicate, mutate more frequently. Therefore, there's more change. There's more genetic variation in the populations of those viruses. They replicate very abundantly, so their populations are large."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A agreed to do something but later realized it wasn't what they wanted","questions":"What did PersonA realize after agreeing to do something?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["Right.","It's untrustworthy. It's greasy. But that's a stereotype of Chinese restaurants and Asian food that reflects a lot of stereotypes about the people as well, that they're untrustworthy, that they're dirty, that you don't know if they're going to sneak dog meat into your meal, right?That sort of thing.","Exactly. And also, a lot of those stereotypes about Chinese food that we're talking about are about Americanized Chinese food. You know, like, that it's greasy or overly sweet. We're talking about dishes like lo mein, kung pao chicken, sweet and sour pork. That's not real Chinese food.","Yeah. I mean, it's food that was adapted by the people who started these restaurants, these working class Chinese immigrants, to fit the market they were in, right?When you think about Joyce Chen, for instance, who was this historic really important figure in Chinese-American cuisine, she brought Northern Chinese food to Boston, to New England. And she was often called the Julia Child of Chinese food. She called dumplings Peking ravioli to fit the market. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : she is often called the julia child means that she is the most famous chef","questions":"How is Joyce Chen compared to Julia Child in the field of cuisine?","answer":"famous"}
{"text":["Some people are afraid that the extradition law will basically legalize kidnapping by the Chinese state. And that has already happened with several booksellers in Hong Kong being whisked away and mysteriously reappearing in Chinese detention. And so if this law is to pass, people fear that that will no longer be a news item or will just be a regular thing.","And to that question of how this bill is being rammed through, you know, what about that?Is there something about the way this bill is being, you know, processed, is extraordinary?","There are widespread complaints that there was no real public consultation about this. The legal sector, thousands of lawyers came out in force just this past week, and they marched in black in silence. And these are the people who would understand the law the best. And yet, the government has told them repeatedly that no, you lawyers don't understand the bill at all. And so that just shows that the government isn't really listening to the people, and people are feeling that. And that's why they took to the streets.","And, you know, authorities in Hong Kong did release a statement in response to the protests. What did it say?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Hong Kong government is ignoring public opinions.","questions":"Which word describes the Hong Kong government's response to the protests according to turn 2?","answer":"Ignoring"}
{"text":["Oh, no. I love grapefruit.","(Laughter).","It's one of the best things in the world.","Seriously?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Laughter could mean disbelief, surprise, or disbelief in what A just said.","questions":"What was PersonA's opinion on grapefruit?","answer":"Love"}
{"text":["You know, it's funny because I think the story is very recognizable because - yeah. Because the premise of the story is a similar kind of thing, but all of these Jewish traditions are subbed out for made up traditions. But I think all the arguments - all the conversations about it are just as ludicrous in the real world. And so this story, which, you know, involves, yeah, goat sacrifice and marriage cloaks and promise eggs, to me is one of the more grounded, realistic stories in the collection.","One of the stories in the collection is called \"Missed Connection-m4w\" - men for women - and it begins sort of like a Craigslist post in missed connections and then evolves from there. And you actually first published this on Craigslist. Is that right?","Yeah. What the story is about is about this guy who can't work up the nerve to talk to this woman sitting on the same train car as him. And in fact, 60 years pass where they. . .","He also can't get up and leave."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when something is grounded in this context it means something is more realistic","questions":"Which story in the collection is considered one of the more realistic ones?","answer":"Missed."}
{"text":["I'll say.","Dissection, anger, back and forth, denunciation by both major party presidential campaigns. Do you think that this cover crossed the line of propriety?","Of propriety?Perhaps. But what it - I think it did so for an urgent and good cause, which is to blow this stupid calumny about Obama away, once and for all. It travels as the subtext through all this polite conversation. I just saw some NBC report that was quoting a Newsweek poll saying 50 percent of Americans believe that Obama is or was a Muslim, or was signed - sworn in on the Koran to the Senate seat, and so on. It's madness. And I - it seems to me that showing the fevered image directly will be a possible way of looking at and dissipating that image.","I think as a result it's a fairly brave thing to do, in which the New Yorker's fulfilling its function at its best, which is to make people think and talk. And the New Yorker helped that discussion happen. And it's one of the times where I feel, hats off, New Yorker!They got it right, you know. This is not something that goes away by saying, but it's not seemly to discuss this.","But there are some people who are always going to read this un-ironically and say, well, yeah, he is a Muslim despite, you know."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The cover story in question caused controversy but served an important purpose.","questions":"What was the purpose of the controversial cover story?","answer":"Debunking"}
{"text":["We often ignore the unevolved brain or what's sometimes called the reptilian brain. So zombies exist in the reptilian brain in the movies. And as it turns out, in the real world, humans have what we sometimes refer to as our zombie brain. And you might think about it as autopilot.","Like when you're driving the car. And you sort of zone out. And you don't even remember the way that you got to where you're going.","That's the perfect example.","And there are real-world applications for this speculation, right?Because there are murder cases where the perpetrator says that they zoned out. And there's a big debate about how conscious they were of what they were doing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People start to stop thinking of anything while driving.","questions":"Which activity can cause people to enter the \"zombie brain\" state?","answer":"Driving"}
{"text":["Well, you know, we've done a bunch of these kinds of stories that run in the body issue. And we've done everything from the importance of the glute to the strange secret ritual of the team shower. And we thought, gosh, we've kind of gone there with every other story. The last thing to explore was pee breaks.","I want to talk about the Tour de France in particular. These guys are on their bikes for hours and hours and hours. But it's the Tour leader wearing a yellow jersey, I might add, who gets to signal - is this right?- when it's time for the riders to pull over for a bit of relief?","It turns out, yeah. One of the greatest honors, according to the riders, of getting the yellow jersey is that you get to control when everybody else who's racing stops for a little bit of a pee break.","Which is extraordinary."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The hosts of the story series in the body issue wanted to cover all aspects of sports, including pee breaks. Implicated meaning: The hosts of the story series were willing to explore even the less glamorous aspects of sports and physical activity in their coverage.","questions":"How did the hosts of the story series approach their coverage?","answer":"All"}
{"text":["It's really interesting. You know, they've been involved on and off in sort of smaller ways. But you know, they put out a press release. They're filing lawsuits. There's a lot of speculation as to why now. Some of it may be just they feel like these laws have finally gone too far. Some of it may be there's a woman president of the AMA and a woman past president and there'll be a woman president next year. For a group that's long been older, whiter and more male, that's changing.","So what kind of stance had they taken in the past?","Well, the AMA has been kind of everywhere on abortion. The AMA in the late 1800s led the fight to make abortion illegal in the United States. That was part of their effort to sort of centralize power over the medical profession. They wanted to get rid of unlicensed practitioners like midwives, who had traditionally been involved with women's reproductive health. And they really didn't change that position until just before Roe v.  Wade. And even when Roe v.  Wade happened, the effort to liberalize abortion laws in the U. S.  was really led by the legal profession, not by the medical profession.","You reached out to the American Medical Association - seems like maybe they're not so comfortable with this new stance. Can you tell us what you learned?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : on and off means in this context that they are doing something then not doing something","questions":"How has the AMPersonA been involved in smaller ways?","answer":"Everywhere"}
{"text":["The site of the wreck of the Houston's been known for quite some time. Why just the official confirmation now?","Well, the Navy became concerned over the years that the wreck was being salvaged by trophy hunters and commercial concerns overseas. Recreational dive companies have been leading dives on the Houston as well as the Perth, for years. But they began to fear for the integrity of the wreck. And it is a war grave. It's also custody of the U. S.  Navy, even though it's been undersea for more than 70 years now. And so what they did was, they launched an official expedition to document the state of the wreck and the first step in that process was to authenticate the identity of the ship, and so that's what made headlines this week.","Captain Rooks received the Medal of Honor for what?","He led the Perth into battle on that night and was quickly fallen upon by a far superior Japanese naval squadron. They had several heavy cruisers, a whole bunch of destroyers and the Japanese were masters of the art of nighttime naval combat. They would demonstrate this time and again through the early months of the war."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The Navy was concerned that the wreck was being illegally salvaged and the recreational dive companies were unaware of the consequences of their actions.","questions":"What were the consequences of the recreational dive companies' actions on the Houston wreck?","answer":"integrity"}
{"text":["It's a delight to be back with you, Scott.","Now, is this just another drip in the FIFA scandal or does this suggest that the Justice Department is any closer to sorting all of this out?","Well, the noose is tightening. Similar scenes in Brazil have gone on in Germany. It's kind of like the end of the \"Godfather\" movies where the dominoes are all falling, one by one. Sepp Blatter, the farcical little man who's run FIFA for the past couple of decades - FIFA, the nonprofit of a billion-and-a-half cash reserve. It's a wonderful - they're my favorite kind of nonprofit.","It's the kind of nonprofit NPR should be, but go ahead, yes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of turn (3) is different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning suggests that there are similar scenes in Brazil and Germany as in the FIFA scandal, the implied meaning is that there are investigations and consequences in those countries related to corruption in football","questions":"How is the actual meaning of turn (3) different from its literal meaning?","answer":"Investigations"}
{"text":["Do drones offer the appearance of risk-free combat?","Well, inside our business, Scott, they don't. There's nothing risk-free about anything we do. And when you're talking about decisions that may affect life and death, I think we take this very seriously. There is nothing in this enterprise that discounts the value of life on the ground - all life, by the way - friendly life, enemy life and then, of course, civilian non-combatant life and property. It's something that is very deeply ingrained in our folks as they go through training.","But to press you a bit on this, General, I wonder - does drone warfare offer, to some Americans, the appearance of being able to strike militarily almost anywhere in the world and not have to worry about suffering casualties and consequence?","Yeah, it's one of the reasons that we don't like the term drone warfare, Scott, the - because drone does imply a level of autonomy that is not the case. It does imply a lack of thinking and a lack of human involvement. A primary reason we call them remotely piloted aircraft is because there is somebody flying them. There is somebody in that decision loop. In fact, there are lots of somebodies in it who are adding the human judgments that we think are critical when you're in the business of life and death."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"discounts the value of life on the ground\": the literal meaning of this phrase is that the value of life on the ground is not being reduced; however, the actual meaning is that all lives, including friendly, enemy, and civilian non-combatant, are equally important and should not be devalued in any way.","questions":"Which term does General PersonA dislike for its implication of a lack of human involvement?","answer":"Term"}
{"text":["I'm bullish on it. It's a big change. We're working through all the challenges. One challenge is for creators. They use Instagram to make a living. Likes are a sign of how relevant they are, so we have to figure out some way to make sure we preserve that.","You're talking about influencers. Right?I mean, there are people who now essentially make a living off of their social media presence. And the way they show potential advertisers - look, I'm a good bet - is how many likes I get.","Absolutely. We've actually had a pretty mixed response from influencers. So I think - I'm optimistic to answer your question very directly. We aren't there yet. We're still iterating on the experience. But I am personally optimistic and really personally invested in making it work.","So the boss is bullish. (Laughter) That's the take so far."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person refuses to change their mind on what they think about the situation.","questions":"How would you describe the person's attitude towards the situation mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Bullish"}
{"text":["Well, AIG was a very big and successful insurance company. It did well in insurance products. But it got into a lot of trouble by selling very complex financial products, which, as you know, have lost huge amounts of money because of the housing downturn.","Now, in September, when conditions for the company were getting pretty bad, the Federal Reserve agreed to loan AIG $85 billion. In exchange, it took some stock in the company as collateral. The idea was that, you know, the loan would sort of tide AIG over while it sold off assets. But it's been very hard to sell anything because of the credit crunch.","So, meanwhile, the interest payments were piling up. AIG said it lost 25 - almost $25 billion last quarter. So, this morning, the government said it was going back to the drawing board and trying to work out something else. It's really an admission that the efforts so far haven't worked.","So, how much money is this new plan going to involve, and where exactly is it going to be coming from?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"took some stock in the company as collateral\" - refers to taking some shares of AIG as a security for the loan.","questions":"Which company's shares were taken as collateral by the Federal Reserve?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["To the tax issues that tanked a lot of the nominees that couldn't go forward. Some of the most common errors are incorrect or missing social security numbers. It sounds so simple, and yet, that something that catches a lot of people. The incorrect tax entered, based on your taxable income and filing status; math errors!Math errors is a huge issue for a lot of people. That's why it's important that if you can to e-file, because that will eliminate one of the major errors people make, which is in the math. And if you make less than $56,000 a year, you can get your taxes e-filed for free. You have to go to the IRS Web site to do it. But also this year for the first time, you can e-file even if you don't meet that. Now, you don't get the tax software that goes along with it that sort of walks you through, but if you already know how to do your taxes and you don't want to pay extra, you can e-file.","OK, let's talk about an issue that seems to be the third rail for a lot of political appointees or nominees, and that is the nanny tax. What should we, ordinary people, know about this kind of tax. . .","When we're hiring people to do stuff around the house?","Well, here's the thing: Most people are not going to have this problem."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The tax issues caused a lot of nominees to not be able to continue. The software helps a person to understand and work the tax filing correctly.","questions":"How did e-filing help eliminate one of the major errors people make while filing taxes?","answer":"Math"}
{"text":["I - and I have to ask you in the - I'm afraid - half-minute we have left, do you have any idea, Mr.  Driscoll, how much the NRA has been supported by Russia?Aren't they trying to use the NRA to influence or to promote gun violence or division?","I'm not aware of that thread of the story from where I sit. I know that's been a popular speculation in the media. But I have not seen any evidence of that. But, again, you know, I assume others will look into that and see if there's anything there. But I haven't seen it from where I sit.","Robert Driscoll represents Maria Butina. Thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker believes that there is no evidence of Russia supporting the NRA.","questions":"Which thread of the story does the speaker claim to be unaware of?","answer":"Thread"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. Staycation. It's one of those newfangled words that's caught on fast. A vacation is when you vacate. You take off, you stay in a hotel, or camp out, or see the sights. A staycation is - well, you got it. With soaring gas prices and plane tickets, this was supposed to be the summer of staying at home. But was that prediction off the mark?If you're thinking about traveling soon or for the winter holidays, what should you keep in mind?With us to talk about both of those issues we've got Madeline Nunn, senior travel agent with the Richmond, Virginia, branch of the American Automobile Association, or Triple-A. Hi, Madeline.","How are you?","I'm great. So, back in May, a Rand McNally survey found that two-thirds of Americans planning road trips this summer said they would shorten their trips or cancel them all together. Summer is wrapping up, so what actually panned out?","Well, actually, the staycation thing is sort of a myth, so to speak, because Americans are traveling. They're traveling because they are hard-working and they need the rest and the revitalization. They need this vacation. So, what we're finding is that they're not staying home, per se. Some are just staying a little closer to home. And sometimes they're limiting the length of time that they may take for this vacation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Americans are limiting the length of their vacations.","questions":"How are Americans adjusting their vacation plans?","answer":"Limiting"}
{"text":["Yeah, so a supernova is the explosion of a star. Stars more massive than our sun - about 10 times bigger or more - will end their lives in a huge explosion where the star first collapses and its center gets crushed down to something called a neutron star, which has about the mass of our sun but is about the size of a city. That's the densest material we know. And the rest of the star flies out in an explosion at thousands of miles per second, shining as bright as a billion suns.","Wow. But this supernova that you have observed - that's not what's happening. Now, let me see if I get this right. Its full name is iPTF14hls. Is that right?","That's right. I apologize for that. We don't have a better name.","I was about to say not very snappy. But it stayed bright for almost three years. Describe what you've observed."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  you imply that something is the case","questions":"What did the supernova observed by PersonA and PersonB do for almost three years?","answer":"Stayed"}
{"text":["U3 is the classic headline number. What is the total unemployment as most people commonly understand it?It's a somewhat narrow definition of unemployment, and there are actually much broader definitions of unemployment.","So, tell us about those. There's one called the U6, I understand.","Well, U4, U5, U6 and they are all subsets of - each one is the previous one plus another group of unemployed. So, to go from U3 to U4, we add a group of people called discouraged workers. These are people who have given up looking for jobs even though they want a job. Then there's a different group called the marginally-attached worker, and that's somebody who isn't looking for a job but wants one. And there's another group of people who are working part time, but want a full-time job, but can't find them. If you take the broadest measure, the U6 measure of unemployment, we're talking about 11. 8 percent, and those are numbers similar to what we saw in the 1970s. That's an ugly unemployment number.","Well, why doesn't the government count that number or use that number when reporting these numbers?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The U6 measure of unemployment is higher than the commonly understood unemployment rate.","questions":"How is the U6 measure of unemployment compared to the commonly understood unemployment rate?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["You're a breast cancer survivor. Your husband passed away. One of your other children was in a serious accident, and yet when you deal with the Imus ordeal, you say I've never felt so powerless in my life. Why did that touch you so much?","You know, Farai, one of the things that maybe people didn't know is that here I had a team of 10 players, and five of those young ladies were freshmen. Less than a year before that, they were sitting on bleachers at a high school graduation. Some of them that came to me had braces on their teeth. They had dreams and aspirations of becoming doctors and psychologists and musicians and all the like.","And here while they had done something that they should be commended for because throughout the year, the year had been a tremendous struggle. They had been pushed to the brink, and yet somehow they survived. And beyond surviving, here they were standing before a national audience and being honored as one of the top two teams in this nation.","And I was so proud of them because I could remember seeing some of them cry or think that they couldn't and then to see their faces on television or USA Today and, you know, this is what it's all about - for us as leaders and as parents and as people that care about our young people - to take them to places that they don't think that they can go, have them accomplish those things, and then with that level of security and confidence, they can take on the world."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite facing several difficult situations, the Imus ordeal made the person feel powerless","questions":"What was the achievement of the 10 players mentioned by A?","answer":"Survived"}
{"text":["Well, it's really interesting. The word exoneration came to mind, but that's not quite right. I mean, you care if people don't believe you, but it wasn't my job to make people believe me. It was just my job to survive this and push a movement forward. But what I saw - that disgusting document that - you know, her email outlining how they were going to terrorize me. It was just as if, yes, this is exactly what's been happening to me.","And, of course, Lisa Bloom jumps out at many people because she had a reputation as a civil rights lawyer who represented women who had been assaulted or harassed. And she described that work in this memo to Harvey Weinstein. She said, quote, \"I feel equipped to help you against the Roses of the world because I have represented so many of them,\" unquote. What do you make of that?","It's vile. It's just - it's kind of the mark of a psychopath, and it's so cold. And you know what?Yeah, the Roses of this world - we get pushed around. And we get hurt, and we get disbelieved. And to have a woman involved in it let alone a woman who purports to be all about protecting women and protecting people who get abused by power is - it's egregious. It's disgusting. It's despicable, but it's also fitting for I think who she really is.","Well, she says - she has said in subsequent statements several things. No. 1, she says she made a mistake. No. 2, she says she did not understand the scope of the allegations against him, including assaults."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker was falsely accused and wrongfully blamed.","questions":"What word describes the reputation of Lisa Bloom mentioned in turn 1?","answer":"Vile"}
{"text":["I think that with that time, you just need to map it out and make sure that you stay busy. Because if you don't, there's a lot of other elements, you know, inside, that could possibly corrupt you. And you might not only lose your freedom, you might end up losing your life. So you've got to be really careful while you're in there.","Now your song \"It's Real\" deals with a really heavy topic: AIDS.","Right.","Let's take a listen."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The song It's Real addresses a serious issue.","questions":"How does the song \"It's Real\" relate to a heavy topic?","answer":"AIDS"}
{"text":["Yeah. I think many of us were. But now to North Korea, which is slightly less joyful, as I said. We're seeing, suddenly, a list of demands from the North before this summit takes place - a halting of military exercises between South Korea and the U. S. They want the return of North Korean female restaurant workers in South Korea who the North claims were kidnapped. It seems we're having to negotiate before the negotiations.","You know, this is part of an old pattern of behavior. You know, the North Korea problem is a wicked problem, a deeply impacted, entangled problem. It's frustrated at least two American presidents - President Clinton and President George W.  Bush. And that's for a reason. And the reason is that nuclear weapons have actually been North Korea's business. They've been in the business of developing nuclear weapons, threatening the world with them and then shaking down the world for different forms of aid for them to either, you know, supposedly give up or mute or, you know, diminish their nuclear stockpile. And so it's just so hard for anyone to imagine that, having behaved that way for so many years, now they're about to give them up.","So is President Trump being played?You know, what does the Trump administration want out of the summit on June 12?","Well, you know, part of my reaction to it is - you know, Kim Jong Un, 35 years old - Donald Trump, 71 years old - alone in a room, negotiating nuclear weapons. What could go wrong?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The problem is extremely hard and difficult to understand as well as constantly changing.","questions":"What type of problem is the North Korea problem according to A?","answer":"Wicked"}
{"text":["Yeah, he was a loner. He was very studious in high school. He was a brilliant student and a bookworm. Obama has a reputation for having been a bookworm himself, so maybe there's something there.","Right. Something.","Yeah, it's a little silly to read too much into this. But it's - if you look too deeply into anything, you'll find metaphors, right?So. . .","Right. Spinning a web, any size. Catching Republicans just like flies. I don't know."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B in the statement made a reference to the Spider-Man theme song, which implies that they find the previous discussion to be overly speculative or not worth taking seriously.","questions":"How did PersonB feel about the previous discussion?","answer":"Overly"}
{"text":["Well, that's after Stephen Hawking's book \"A Brief History Of Time\" which is a huge bestseller and many people read it, of course, but probably many more people didn't read it. It's sort of famous as a book that many, many people bought and didn't make it all the way through.","How does the index work?And we should also be very clear that this is completely unscientific and totally for fun.","Absolutely, yeah. So what I did was when you highlight books on your Kindle, when you highlight a sentence that you particularly like, Amazon is keeping track of that - I'm not sure everyone knows that - and Amazon records what five sentences in a book are the most commonly highlighted. So in a book that people are reading all the way through, it might be the case, that those highlights are scattered all the way through the length of the book. But if, on the other hand, there was a book that almost everyone was starting and reading a few pages and then putting down, then all of those highlights would have to be clustered in the first part. So what I did was just average the location of the top five highlights in the book - a very simple measure.","And that's publicly available data?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker anticipates that the conversation with the boss will be negative or unpleasant based on the boss's tone.","questions":"How does the speaker anticipate the conversation with the boss?","answer":"Negative"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. He calls Obama a bad or sick guy. That is an extraordinary thing to hear from a sitting president about his predecessor. We should note there has been no reaction from President Obama yet and no evidence, no confirmation, to support this claim. But it's not going to calm the waters.","Boy, we have investigations that are unfolding at the FBI. There are several committees that are gathering at Capitol Hill. What's the landscape they're looking at right now?","So, as you said, the FBI is investigating. We don't have a lot of visibility into where they are in that investigation or what the time frame is because they don't comment on active investigations. We just know that they are - they're doing them. On the Hill, we have - we know a little bit more. The Intelligence Committees have the lead on investigating all of the Russia stuff. We know they are reviewing documents. They're trying to think about who to call to come testify. And they confirmed this week - the House Intelligence Committee, for example, confirmed they are looking into links between Russia and the campaigns; also looking into all these recent leaks of classified information.","I must say, it doesn't seem like the last scalp has been put on the wall."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"I must say, it doesn't seem like the last scalp has been put on the wall.\" - This turn of phrase implies that the investigation is not yet complete and that there is still more to be done.","questions":"Which phrase implies that there is still more to be done in the investigation?","answer":"last-scalp"}
{"text":["Well, we think that the individual insurance markets need to be stabilized. There needs to be certainty. Right now, the insurance companies are putting together their plans for rating the 2018 insurance products, and they have no certainty from Congress regarding the support for insurance premiums for lower income people. Without knowing those, they don't know how to price their policies, and they're going to price them very high. So the bit - that's the biggest thing that needs to be addressed right now.","Dr.  Gurman, I move to ask you a question, both as a physician with a practice and the head of the AMA, how much time do you have to spend on matters that have nothing to do with medicine?","Well, unfortunately, a lot. We know from doing detailed studies where we actually follow doctors and minute to minute with a stopwatch find out what they're doing. The doctors are spending less than half of their time actually taking care of patients. So it's a big problem.","And how would you reduce that bureaucracy, though?Because, you know, bureaucracies run on (laughter) run on a paper trail in a sense."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A: The speaker implies that doctors are spending a significant amount of time on non-patient care activities, which is a major problem in the medical industry.","questions":"How much time are doctors spending on patient care activities?","answer":"less"}
{"text":["But then again, the Southsider group from Los Angeles, which has essentially a lot of Latino members, will try to exercise dominance in the jails as a message to all African-Americans that there's more of us and we can dominate the situation in the jails and we're going to dominate the situations in the street.","We're talking with L. A.  County Sheriff Lee Baca. Sheriff, is there much difference, as far as racial issues are concerned, between inmates in, let's say, county jail as opposed to state or federal prisons, where the inmates are serving longer terms and there are more of them?","Well, there is a slight difference. You know, the transient nature of the county jails is that inmates have access to each other much easier than in a state prison system, and at the same time, the state prison system is a long-term incarceration and they're more calculated when they're going to do a hit. Whereas in a county jail, they can hit anytime and be spontaneous and virtually disrupt the entire environment in the jail without a real comprehensive plan. Whereas in state prisons, it's more calculated.","Now, in California, particularly in Los Angeles, we have talked a lot about the tensions between Latinos and blacks. We haven't said very much about tensions between blacks and whites or Latinos and whites. How much of that is there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is interested in learning about racial issues among inmates and whether there is a difference between county jails and state\/federal prisons.","questions":"How is PersonB interested in learning about racial issues among inmates?","answer":"Differences."}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, that is the thing in this country. I mean, I know America quite well. And I think we have to reverse the absolute mirror image of the broadcasting and newspaper. When the debate was around about the beginning of this year about fake news, there was a lot of discussion about how, in this country, people are kind of used to fake news because - not that the newspapers are fictional, but they do take a slant on some stories. But the television media here, in particular, and the radio has been regulated to be unbiased and impartial since broadcasting began in the 1930s.","Some here in America would view this as an agency of thought police. Is there pushback against Ofcom in the United Kingdom?","There have been periods of incredibly busy activity from Ofcom. Recently, they have been turning quite a few complaints across to us and other broadcasters. That is not a reflection of Ofcom. That's a reflection of people who write to Ofcom. They're only making decisions if viewers complain. But it's not a form of thought police. It's a form of being objective. I think viewers in this country expect the television and radio broadcasting to be unbiased, accurate and impartial. And so that is enshrined in law. It's an expectation. And when they feel that the standards of broadcasting have dropped below that, they complain to Ofcom, and then Ofcom investigates us.","Ben De Pear is the editor of Channel 4 News. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"form of thought police\" - the literal meaning of this phrase would be a physical agency that enforces particular thoughts, but the actual meaning is a regulatory body that ensures impartiality in broadcasting.","questions":"How is the meaning of \"form of thought police\" different from its literal interpretation?","answer":"regulatory"}
{"text":["Exactly, keep looking up, and I can't believe I still pinch myself every time that I get to say those words afterwards. But this is the fellow that would appear on your PBS station, usually late at night, at weird hours, for a minute or five minutes telling you what's up in the sky. He'd sit on the rings of Saturn and point out at Jupiter, and he'd have this very interesting voice. It was great.","And so he passed away a few years ago, and the station has decided to continue the program. We've done a little bit of touching-up to it, but it's called \"Star Gazers,\" and so you might catch us on weird hours on your PBS station, and they're always online at our website, stargazersonline. org, and you can watch any of the shows there, and we'll tell you what's up in the sky and say keep looking up. That's what we always say.","That's it. It's a great show. I've been watching it for years. I used to know Jack for a while, so. . .","Oh, I know, what a great guy. I mean, this is a populizer of astronomy, and I just hope that I can fill his shoes a little bit and get people excited about the stars."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"fill his shoes\" implies that the speaker wants to follow in Jack's footsteps and continue his work, but not that they literally want to wear his shoes.","questions":"What does the expression \"fill his shoes\" in turn 3 imply?","answer":"Continue"}
{"text":["You know, you've been criticized on both sides of the aisle, as they say now. I think some scientists are saying: Why did you publish - why didn't you publish it in legitimate, peer-reviewed journals first?","Oh, we're following the - I mean, we're following the tradition of science, which is that you distribute this widely to your peers before you publish it. Jim Hansen does the same thing. He puts his papers online. This is a tradition in the field.","Peer review means you present results in a public forum, you distribute pre-prints. Most of my important papers were widely distributed to other scientists far before they appeared. It's the best kind of peer review.","And you challenge anyone to come up with a better explanation."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"It's the best kind of peer review.\" - The actual meaning is that the speaker believes that distributing pre-prints and receiving feedback from other scientists is a valuable form of peer review, even though it is not the traditional peer review process of submitting a paper to a peer-reviewed journal.","questions":"Which process does the speaker believe is the best kind of peer review?","answer":"Distributing-pre-prints"}
{"text":["Yes, they are in re-settlement areas. For example, in Mozambique you have 258,000 people, 90,000 of whom have been displaced over the past month or so. In Malawi you already have 700 cholera cases that have been reported. You have about 152,000 people who have been affected. So they are moving away from their home areas into re-settlement camps.","Let's move to Kenya in the east of Africa. The talks between President Kibaki and opposition leader Raila Odinga continue today outside of Nairobi and the negotiations are being mediated by former U. N.  Secretary General Kofi Annan. Since the post-election violence began in late December, more than 1,000 people have been killed and hundreds of thousands have been displaced. There are also reports of a wave of sexual violence against women who've been displaced by this turmoil. So Cassandra, what's going on here?","Since the violence after the disputed elections on December 27th, we're seeing that this situation has put women and girls at great risk of sexual assault. We know that always in situations of conflict women and girls are in danger. And in Kenya it is no different. We are hearing reports from Nairobi, from the Nairobi general hospital, that there may be as many as double the number of cases of rape within the days following the eruption of the violence.","And what we know is that for every case that is being treated or is being reported, there are many more victims who fail to seek help."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"many more victims who fail to seek help\" is a figurative expression, meaning that there are many more victims who do not report or seek help for their situation, and not a literal reference to victims physically failing to seek help.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of \"many more victims who fail to seek help\"?","answer":"Not-report"}
{"text":["We're coming over the initial shock. It's a very strange situation to live in one of the wealthiest countries in the world. And we have been living in more luxury than almost any other nation on this planet, and now all of a sudden we find ourselves almost like beggars.","You talk about the swift difference between being so wealthy to now being in a totally different place. Is this what everyone - is the average person going through something like this?Or is this just a select few that went from being so wealthy to so not wealthy?","The general public here has been very, very well off. But now people that are starting to lose their jobs - hundreds of people that used to work in the banks have been losing their jobs recently. We know that a lot of companies are going to become bankrupt. We had almost no unemployment in the past years. We've been importing workers from Eastern Europe because we didn't have enough people to work in our companies.","So, how are people coping with this?Are they selling off their belongings?What are they doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People may be selling their belongings to cope with the financial crisis.","questions":"Which action might people take in response to the financial crisis?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Well, right. He was famously portrayed by Schwarzenegger in the early '80s. And that image sort of holds true for the comics. He was a muscle-bound hulk. Conan the Barbarian was the main figure in a huge sub-genre of, like, sword and sorcery comics.","So what's the profile of a comic-book reader?","I don't know if I want to profile all comic-book readers, but these specific titles, Spider Man and Conan the Barbarian, are pretty escapist. You know, there's a wide world of comics out there at this point, but. . .","Right. Right. So does it say something that he doesn't choose Superman or Batman, kind of your obvious choices?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : world in this context means that there is many","questions":"What does \"world\" mean in turn 2?","answer":"Many"}
{"text":["Waiting for the winds to drop down below 50 - sustained winds drop below 50. And at that time we send out all of our first respondents of police, fire, EMS, and our utility companies. Everybody goes out and does damage assessment report in their areas. Report it back to us. We make a priority listing, so we can get power back on if we lost any power. Get the resources back and so we can just bring our people back.","But the winds are above 50 miles an hour, now. So, you don't have anybody out right now?Every body's just hunkered down.","Ninety nine percent of our people are hunkered down. We have a few of our - like the sheriff, he is out, and a few other higher ranking agency people are out, but most - 99 percent of our people are hunkered down in shelters.","So, how long do you really expect that that's going to last?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Emergency responders are waiting for the wind to drop before assessing and repairing damages","questions":"Which agency is out and assessing the damages?","answer":"Sheriff"}
{"text":["Thank you. Thanks for having me.","Now, the books were released on inauguration day. I don't know if that was significant or not. Tell us if it was and what inspired these collections?","Well, these collections I have been thinking about for a long time. I've been talking about it with my agent for sometime about doing something like this. The big fear was that, no publisher would be that interested in it because they wouldn't think the collection could be sustained over a period of time doing it every year. But Bantam believed it and so Bantam, we ultimately made a deal with Bantam to do it. The date wasn't really significant. I mean, the date turned out to be significant but we had set the date a long time before and we were just hoping that Obama would win so the date would really have some significance but it was all an accident. It turned out well though.","Now, you're going to - we've had anthologies before obviously. But the new thing about this anthology is that you're going to try to publish it annually. How difficult do you think that is likely to be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The publisher was not interested in the collections but Bantam believed it","questions":"Which publisher believed in the collections?","answer":"Bantam"}
{"text":["He kept the Colombian restaurant's painting of a traditional Latin American market scene with a tiny cross perched on the archway. It dominates the whole hall.","So this is the story. In Islam, you can't remove a picture which has a cross in it. That was my wife's understanding. She - that's what she gave me to understand. And she said, don't ever remove this. And then this restaurant became very lucky for us. We - from being hand to mouth, we became self-sufficient. So this proved to be a lucky painting. Plus, this was a colorful painting, and this was all we could afford at the time. So we want to keep it, and we want to keep that cross as long as I'm alive and kicking.","It's a sign of how so many communities have built Houston into what it is today - influencing each other, melding into something unique. Lashkari has applied that to the dishes he serves. His signature chicken curry, cooked in huge metal pots in his sweltering, fragrant kitchen, is made with Mexican tomatillos and cilantro. It's incredibly delicious. And we ate that along with the best saag paneer, a spinach and cheese dish, that I have ever tasted.","We do a lot of fusion right now. This restaurant is famous for its fried chicken. It's fried the Southern way, but it's - the chicken - the raw chicken is marinated with Indian spices. My white gravy is made with cashew nuts and almonds and coconut. So it looks like a white gravy of the chicken-fried steak, but it's totally different."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"So this is the story. In Islam, you can't remove a picture which has a cross in it... Plus, this was a colorful painting, and this was all we could afford at the time. So we want to keep it, and we want to keep that cross as long as I'm alive and kicking.\"  The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not simply describing the painting and its significance, but also explaining the cultural and religious background that led him to keep the painting with the cross, despite not being Christian himself.","questions":"How did the PersonA's religion influence their decision to keep the painting with the cross?","answer":"Islam"}
{"text":["Yeah. What damage in the United States near as you can tell?","Well, we're not really aware of what the damage is precisely. I mean, that's still being accounted for. One thing interestingly for people that are dissecting what happened is that many systems are now trying to clean up the damage. So it's hard to know exactly what happened. It's kind of like cleaning up a crime scene before doing the forensics on it. One thing that is being discussed - this is possibly malware coming from the NSA. Some security experts who've been collecting samples of the malware and dissecting them have been saying that these criminal attacks are based on attacks designed by the National Security Agency and then released into the public by a hacking group called The Shadow Brokers.","You know, now, the NSA, they would have wanted to use the malware for spying purposes, right?The agency has a huge shop - we're very well aware of this - one of the world's best shops, dedicated to finding weaknesses in software and taking advantage of those weaknesses to break in and steal information for spying purposes. The problem is once you break in, you make digital keys, you can't really control who gets them. So this attack is raising one of these fundamental issues that we talk about in the security world about whether NSA surveillance protects people or creates unexpected damage that does more harm than good.","So I - so it's possible that there - it's possible that the NSA program to try and limit damage and trace people who would do harm to the country wound up doing harm across the world."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) suggests that the NSA's efforts to protect the country may have caused damage around the world.","questions":"How did the NSPersonA program potentially harm the world?","answer":"Harm"}
{"text":["Very infamous words. . .",". . . George W.  Bush famously used. And he used them the last time we were involved in a Middle East conflict, declared it accomplished. And it turns out it wasn't.","No, far from it. Let's turn to some other things that are happening this week. It's not been a dull week in Washington. The president spent this past week exhibiting a lot of fury and anxiety. And, indeed, that has continued on Twitter today about the special counsel investigation, which sprouted yet another inquiry this week, and the raid on his personal lawyer, Michael Cohen.","That's right. We're learning that his personal lawyer, Michael Cohen, has been the subject of a months-long criminal corruption investigation. We know that Cohen is in trouble for several things, including not paying taxes on his taxi medallion business. But Michael Cohen is about as close to Donald Trump as anyone who has been investigated so far. He's his personal lawyer. He knows all about the Trump Organization deals all around the world because he helped negotiate some of them. We also find out just tangentially that he even helped negotiate a deal between an - the vice chairman of the RNC and a model, who he had an affair with and got pregnant."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : when someone says \"far from it\" they mean it isn't the case or its not what was implied","questions":"Which phrase indicates that something is not the case?","answer":"Isn't"}
{"text":["And would they work differently?Is the mechanism different?","Well, yeah, there might be subtle differences in that something that's truly universal would need to target something that is very constant and unchanging in the virus and something that would be accessible to our immune systems. And in an ideal world, if we could target the vaccine to those kinds of structures, and we see those in the virus, then we'd have our universal vaccine.","But we may not be that lucky. We may end up not being able to get a clear shot at something that's completely (unintelligible) and if that's the case, we would redirect it to the parts that we could see, and then you might have a little bit of escape every once in a while, and so they would be targeted to different regions.","Give me a rundown of virus anatomy. What are we actually targeting with these vaccines?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn (3) \"But we may not be that lucky\" has a meaning that is different from its literal meaning.  The literal meaning of \"we may not be that lucky\" is that there is a possibility that luck may not be in our favor. However, the intended meaning here is that it may not be possible to develop a completely universal vaccine due to the complexity of the virus structure. This is a figurative use of the word \"lucky\" to convey a complex and uncertain situation.","questions":"How would you describe the figurative meaning of \"lucky\" in turn 2?","answer":"Complex"}
{"text":["Yeah, I think it's good. You know, I think it's a good thing. I mean, obviously you're not always going to hear what you want to hear, but you know, it's all part and parcel of growing up and you just kind of like taking things on board. Whether you, you know - it's really down to you whether you want to take a lot of what they say on board. But I actually enjoy reading it, and I don't expect every review to be glowing or anything like that. But I think it's important to kind of know what people feel, and think about your music out there.","(Singing)","In your eyes you'll always be the greatest Something to celebrate it","This is a little bit of a digression, but there are so many people who are African-Brits, or African-Americans, in the sense of having immigrated from Africa, or having parents who did. And I think that there's a moment in time, in the U. S.  in part, because you have a Barack Obama, where people are saying, Oh, well yeah, there's all these different flavors of blackness. How does that play into your work at all?","I don't really - I don't think I'm effected by that, as such, because I kind of am originally I - you know, I was born in Zambia, so I'm African first and foremost.","But you came over so young."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It's important to receive constructive criticism for personal growth.","questions":"What does PersonA think about receiving reviews on their music?","answer":"Know"}
{"text":["Yes. I mean, this piece - I mean not only me played I think every piano student started with this piece. But actually, this piece is not just a ringtone, you know?This piece is a real beautiful, masterful piece.","Now, just listen to two different ways that Lang Lang showed us you can play that familiar melody. The first time, he's going to hit all the right notes. But the second time, his fingers will tell a story.","Because you can just put your hands, you know (playing piano).","It's quite easy, you know?But it's very hard to make (playing piano)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B's statement \"his fingers will tell a story\" is a metaphorical expression that means Lang Lang will add his personal interpretation to the melody, giving it a unique and expressive character. It's not meant to be taken literally that Lang Lang's fingers will actually tell a story. The other turns appear to be conveying their literal meanings. Turn 1 expresses the speaker's belief that the piece they are discussing is not only well-known but also a beautiful and masterful composition. Turn 3 is a straightforward statement that playing the piano involves using your hands. Turn 4 means that while the mechanics of playing piano may be relatively easy to learn, it's difficult to master the instrument and create beautiful music.","questions":"How is Lang Lang's playing style described by B?","answer":"Expressive"}
{"text":["OK.  And I understand that you co-authored a paper that looks at all the carbon emissions we're already committed to. Can you explain what all of that includes?","Sure. The idea was pretty simple. It started out as a thought experiment that if we never built another power plant or car or anything that burns a fossil fuel and, instead, we allowed all the ones that are out there in the world to retire according to their normal expected lifetime, how much CO2 would all of those already existing things add to the atmosphere?","And so what we did was set about collecting data on all of those different devices - power plants, cars, factories - and tried to figure out how old they were and how much CO2 they would produce. And when we did all those calculations. . .","Yeah?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The amount of CO2 that already existing things add to the atmosphere is significant.","questions":"What was the focus of the paper co-authored by A?","answer":"carbonemissions"}
{"text":["Actually, it's - in the beginning it didn't look like it was really going to go anywhere. But more than 90 percent of courts have suspended operations now in Egypt, which will paralyze about 20 million cases. This is a nation of 80 million people, so really paralyzing the judicial system. The court system may put some pressure on the president to change the decrees he issued, which essentially, as I said, nullified the judiciary.","And so the political situation comes after a lot of the secular parties and some minority groups had walked out of the assembly that was trying to write the constitution.","Right. It's been a hard battle to write this constitution. When you talk to members of the Muslim Brotherhood, allies of the president, Muhammad Morsi, they say listen, we are elected. Our president is elected, the parliament was elected, the constituent assembly was chosen with a popular mandate, and the courts keep getting in our way. And they say in order to allow for this constitution to be completed, we had to cut out the courts. Right before the president issued these decrees, as you said, minorities, liberals, about a quarter of the constituent assembly walked out in protest, saying it's an Islamist-dominated body, which it is, and we don't agree with what's being put into the draft constitution. It limits women's rights, minority rights, and they take issue with that.","The Muslim Brotherhood, the Islamists, say the liberals, the secularists and the minorities were dragging their feet, trying to run out the clock on the constitution."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Muslim Brotherhood believes the courts are obstructing progress and cut them out to complete the constitution","questions":"What group believes the courts are obstructing progress?","answer":"MuslimBrotherhood"}
{"text":["Oh, it's kind of odd. Really, it's quiet. The streets are quiet. There's this wariness, though, that, you know, death could burst from the sky at any second. Obviously, this is something that Israelis are experiencing as well with rocket fire there. But here, there are no warning sirens. There's not an Iron Dome to intercept anything. The military strength of Israel is tremendously more powerful than the military strength of Hamas or Islamic Jihad or other groups here. In some cases, Israel does warn people about strikes. For example, I spoke to a woman this morning whose neighbor is part of Hamas, that that person got a phone call this morning to get out of the house. He alerted the neighbors. This is sort of normal. She burst into tears. Her husband said, don't cry in front of the children. She took the kids to a friend's. She went to work.","And a normal life continues in the midst of all this?","Well, in some ways, it has to. If you aren't right next to a rocket attack, you might not even know it happens - or close enough by to hear it. I did speak to a man this morning whose, you know, baby came two weeks early three days ago. And he had to take the baby boy to the doctor last night at night. He had to do it even though he didn't want to be driving around at night. So, yes, people do carry on as they can.","And briefly - we don't have much time - but there have been similar flare-ups like this in recent years. Is there any sense of what's coming next in this conflict?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: Do people have to keep going despite the danger in the conflict?","questions":"How do people continue their daily lives in the midst of conflict? (Answer: \"as they can\")","answer":"Can"}
{"text":["Waiting for the winds to drop down below 50 - sustained winds drop below 50. And at that time we send out all of our first respondents of police, fire, EMS, and our utility companies. Everybody goes out and does damage assessment report in their areas. Report it back to us. We make a priority listing, so we can get power back on if we lost any power. Get the resources back and so we can just bring our people back.","But the winds are above 50 miles an hour, now. So, you don't have anybody out right now?Every body's just hunkered down.","Ninety nine percent of our people are hunkered down. We have a few of our - like the sheriff, he is out, and a few other higher ranking agency people are out, but most - 99 percent of our people are hunkered down in shelters.","So, how long do you really expect that that's going to last?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Emergency responders are waiting for the wind to drop before assessing and repairing damages","questions":"What is the priority listing based on?","answer":"Priority"}
{"text":["You know, everybody is talking about it. I mean, there's a - one idea is to raze Sandy Hook Elementary School because it's just unthinkable that people would send - parents would send their children in or - and particularly children who were ushered out of that school have nothing but horrific associations with it. You know, that - they can never go back to that school. Why not raze it and turn it into a playground where children can play happily and safely and you can honor those - what happened there on December 14th. That's one idea.","There will certainly be a monument. There are a lot scholarship funds that are going to be raised. We're - it's still early to know exactly what we want to do as a town. And that's really what Newtown United and all these other groups that are meeting are ultimately going to try to do. They're going to try to figure out what we as a community - and as I said and wrote in my piece in the Journal, it is a very strong community. We have to think about it holistically, about what it is we want to be, how we want to memorialize what happened here and those children.","And you know, frankly, there's nothing more that we can do than change our society in some way, whether it's through legislation or just through the act of showing our love for these children and change the laws that might have actually led - allowed Adam Lanza to walk into an elementary school with a battlefield weapon.","Rob Cox, thanks very much for your time today and our condolences."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"raze Sandy Hook Elementary School\" - this phrase means to completely demolish and destroy the school building. The actual meaning is figurative as it suggests the idea of erasing the painful memory associated with the school and creating a new space for happy and safe experiences for children.","questions":"How does turn 0 suggest changing the school building?","answer":"raze"}
{"text":["And it's the same university where, in the early days of gene therapy, a young man did die in a very early gene therapy study that set the field back, like, a decade. So the last thing these researchers want to do is, you know, do anything risky. They're taking it very carefully, being very slow. They're going to follow these patients for a long time to see if it's safe and how well it's working.","All right. There's a lot at stake here. And this isn't the only study, I understand, that's trying to use CRISPR to treat diseases. What else is going on?","Yeah, yeah. It's actually a really exciting time for - in the world for CRISPR and medical treatments right now. There's about a half a dozen studies that are - have been going in China for cancer for a while. And now another half a dozen or so are being launched in Europe, in the United States and in countries like Canada that try to treat a variety of diseases. In the first one are blood disorders. One is known as beta thalassemia. That first patient was treated there in Germany recently. And then there's - another trial is going to be starting soon in this country to try to use CRISPR to treat sickle cell disease. So it's a lot happening right now with CRISPR and diseases.","And it sounds like it's still early days."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this sentence is that it is still early in the development of CRISPR-based treatments. However, the implied meaning is that it is still too soon to tell if these treatments will be successful.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of turn 3?","answer":"Uncertainty"}
{"text":["OK, now let's talk nuts and bolts here, Nick. How close are we to actually getting something of practical use outside of the experimental laboratory here?","We don't know because we're relying on technology to improve to bring those prices down. But we've looked at what's been going on in the last few years, driven by genome research. And the most expensive stage is synthesizing DNA - the prices there drop by a factor of 10 about every five years. So 10 years from now, it will be 100 times cheaper, and our projections are that at that point it's something you or I might be able to afford to do for information that was of great value to us that we wanted to keep on something like a 50-year time scale.","And that's something like - you know, maybe that will be my children taking a video recording of their wedding and wanting to put that somewhere safe for their grandchildren. It will be expensive, but it will be possible. And if you care enough about the information you want to pass down through a couple of generations, you might choose to do it.","I'll place it on the shelf right next to my 3-D printer when I. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : nuts and bolts in this context means schematics, or the finer details","questions":"What is the most expensive stage in synthesizing DNA?","answer":"Synthesizing"}
{"text":["We tried for about two and half years. And I had this fear that with every step we took, we would learn something that it would confirm my fear that I couldn't have a baby.","She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF.","Tell me about that moment when you first saw your daughter Hazel for the first time. I mean, how did that feel?","Oh, my gosh. It was - it was incredible. I mean, first of all, I was in labor for 24 hours."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"We tried for about two and a half years. And I had this fear that with every step we took, we would learn something that would confirm my fear that I couldn't have a baby.\"  Implicated meaning: The speaker struggled with infertility and was afraid that each step in their journey towards having a baby would confirm their fear that they were unable to conceive.","questions":"What was the PersonA's fear during their journey towards having a baby?","answer":"couldn't"}
{"text":["They have indeed, but not through Jordan, as far as I know.","And you talked about hedging your bets. Doesn't that risk putting your bets on the wrong side if, indeed, the rebels do topple, which from what you say, the regime believes is only a matter of time. Why don't they put their bets on - with the opposition?","That's a debate that is actually going on inside the country today. As I said, 82 percent of Jordanians are with the uprising, not all of them, however, are with any military intervention against the Syrian regime. This is a very sensitive issue in Arab politics, to be seen as actively working militarily against an Arab regime. Still, as I said, the sentiments of the people in Jordan, not all of them, but the overwhelming majority of them, are with the uprising. And the country, I would expect, the government, will probably have to change its position as developments move. It's a fair question to ask. You know, one day, we'll be able to do so. There are many who have asked the government to take on a sort of a clearer position on the Syrian crisis than it has so far.","How porous is the border?If people wanted to operate across it clandestinely, would they be able to do so?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Jordanians support the uprising but are hesitant to support military intervention. Government may change its position later","questions":"What is the sensitive issue in Arab politics that prevents some Jordanians from supporting military intervention against the Syrian regime?","answer":"Military"}
{"text":["Well, it's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you.","Can you recreate for us in a sense, like our town does, a summer day at that house you loved?","Basically, people woke up as early as they could, as close to dawn. Everyone was kind of on their own once the kids got older and could take care of themselves to fix something for breakfast and start the day however they wanted as long as they were busy.","There was no television, barely a radio. And it would be tuned into very infrequently, generally when the Red Sox were playing. And all you got were scratchy sounds anyway. People were left to just, I guess, invite the outdoors into their hearts and their souls."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - Implied meaning: People were encouraged to enjoy the outdoors and take in the beauty of nature","questions":"Which activity were people encouraged to do at the house?","answer":"Outdoors"}
{"text":["And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?","Well, so all of this water from upstream that's coming from northeast Oklahoma is heading downstream into Tulsa. They have these aging levees. Many of them were built in the 1940s. The Keystone Dam is releasing huge amounts of water, and that has led to thousands of people being evacuated from their homes in the Tulsa area.","And then if you go down river, as you get closer to Arkansas, some communities, like Braggs and Webbers Falls, have been totally emptied out. One mayor earlier this week told people that if they refuse to evacuate, they should write their identification on their arm.","Wow. I mean, it does sound as though it's just an overwhelmingly awful combination of floods and tornadoes and bad weather. What are people saying as you are out and about interviewing people and, I guess, just talking to your own neighbors?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The levees are old and unable to handle the amount of water released from Keystone Dam, resulting in many evacuations.","questions":"Which dam is releasing huge amounts of water?","answer":"Keystone"}
{"text":["I learned it from you, actually. yeah.","So if you're listening - donate blood, donate plasma, and you can save someone's life by being a live liver donor.","And as is written in both - I'm sorry (laughter) - oh, as it's written in both the Quran and the Talmud, he who saves one life. . .","It's as if you save humankind. So Shawn and his family have saved my daughter's life. My life belongs to them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The father is extremely grateful to the donor and the donor's family.","questions":"How did the father feel towards the donor and the donor's family?","answer":"Grateful"}
{"text":["Well, you know, we've done a bunch of these kinds of stories that run in the body issue. And we've done everything from the importance of the glute to the strange secret ritual of the team shower. And we thought, gosh, we've kind of gone there with every other story. The last thing to explore was pee breaks.","I want to talk about the Tour de France in particular. These guys are on their bikes for hours and hours and hours. But it's the Tour leader wearing a yellow jersey, I might add, who gets to signal - is this right?- when it's time for the riders to pull over for a bit of relief?","It turns out, yeah. One of the greatest honors, according to the riders, of getting the yellow jersey is that you get to control when everybody else who's racing stops for a little bit of a pee break.","Which is extraordinary."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The hosts of the story series in the body issue wanted to cover all aspects of sports, including pee breaks. Implicated meaning: The hosts of the story series were willing to explore even the less glamorous aspects of sports and physical activity in their coverage.","questions":"Which aspect of sports did the hosts want to cover in their story series?","answer":"Pee"}
{"text":["And any idea how long it'll take until we can see the Afro emoji?","It's a pretty lengthy process. I hope that they're listening. And I hope that they know that we all really want this.","Rihanna Jones, freelance writer and Afro emoji proponent, thank you so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer","questions":"Which turn offered a statement with an implied meaning?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["Jim Kelly, the great old Buffalo Bills quarterback, can't remember the fourth quarter of the most important football game. And as he works all his life to get into that fourth quarter of the Super Bowl, and he can't remember.","Can't remember it, but it's on video. No, it's - I love Jim Kelly. I mean. . .","Yeah, I do too.",". . . He was a great player to watch. And he's in a special case because he's had several cancers that keep returning, and he's lost a son. He suffered in ways not of his own choosing. I mean, football was his own choosing. It was very poignant, though, because he told it, like, sort of joyously. He said, oh, yeah, we called it dings back then. You know, we call it concussions now and CTE, but no, no, no, it was great. I don't remember anything. I remember wandering back to the team hotel the day after the Super Bowl and wondering why I was there and not remembering - and he thought it was a funny story."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Jim Kelly can't remember the most important football game despite being a great quarterback","questions":"Which football team did Jim Kelly play for?","answer":"Bills"}
{"text":["You know, there were a handful of people who did voice displeasure with some of the proposals mainly because of what they felt like was ambiguity in the language. But generally I think that there was a sense of relief a little bit within the room but also an acknowledgment that what they put forward today and what they're working on is by no means a final solution to this problem.","I mean, the leaders acknowledged that. They also briefly kind of acknowledged the fears and skepticism of this group of survivors and activists who have been calling for more drastic action for more than a decade now. So while there was relief and, I think, a little bit of a feeling of accomplishment, I think there are many people in the room who know that this issue is far from over, and they're going to have to do more.","And what about outside the convention center?I gather there have been demonstrations going on. Have you been able to get out and speak to anybody outside?","Yeah, so there's a group of survivors, activists, and they're really - they've been - they're kind of the core group of people who for decades now have been asking for reforms and really warning about this issue. And so while they kind of acknowledge that this is a good step in the direction, there really are some - they - you know, they view it as a systemic and institutional issue that isn't going to be fixed with a few pronouncements and resolutions and new committees."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Although leaders acknowledged activists' fears, more drastic actions are still needed to solve the issue.","questions":"How did the leaders respond to the activists' demands?","answer":"Acknowledged"}
{"text":["No, not at all. And I've been pretty much apolitical my entire adult life. But this election is obviously quite different than previous presidential elections. So I just thought - I thought it was necessary to jump in and use my voice.","Why?","The prospects of Donald Trump being president just scare the hell out of me. And that's coming after having initially, you know, supported him and hoped that he would be 180 degrees different from what he turned out to be.","I mean, am I wrong?I seem to remember there was a time when you offered to be the running mate for either of them.","Oh, sure. Yeah, a lot of that was a little bit tongue-in-cheek. I didn't really expect that to happen. But, you know, there was a time when Donald first got into the race where I would talk to him on the phone."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"scare the hell out of me\" - This is an idiomatic expression that means to frighten someone a lot.","questions":"What does the idiomatic expression used by PersonA mean?","answer":"Frighten"}
{"text":["What does it mean to put your hat in someone's ring?Does it mean that you are, for example, trying to lead your constituents that you're trying to lead other people, who are a part of the Congressional Black Caucus or part of Congress?What exactly does you putting your chips on the table mean?","For the past 20-something years, I have been putting out a sample ballot. And if people don't get it at the time that they think they should, my office is inundated with calls. You know, through the media, through your sample ballot operation, I let people know what's on my mind. And I try and let them know why I'm doing what I'm doing and then they make their decision.","Congresswoman, I've had a chance to come to your offices in South Los Angeles and you have a multi-racial coalition of staffers - black, white, Asian\u2026","That's right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of \"putting out a sample ballot\" is distributing a document that contains a list of candidates or initiatives. However, in this context, it means actively campaigning for specific candidates or positions by providing guidance on who to vote for.","questions":"How does PersonA use their sample ballot operation?","answer":"Campaigning"}
{"text":["Well, that Times story illustrates a couple of points, one of which it promptly got the Times banned, that edition.","It did. Yes, which is predictable.","Yeah. I think they knew that. And no one's above the law. This guy's family has got $2. 7 billion.","And that's the whole point. It's why that's such a striking quote for someone to say that no one is above the law. The fact of the matter, in China, the Communist Party is above the law. The courts follow what the party says in any sort of politically sensitive case. There is no rule of law. And so how you actually solve this problem is very, very difficult, especially with a party that does not want to share power, that feels that it can police itself. But increasingly, if you talk to ordinary Chinese, they don't feel that way. They do - even by blocking the Times site, most people don't know that story, but they do know the story of many other officials who have done wrong, you know, have done bad things. And so there is, I think, an emerging crisis of confidence in the party, particularly around the issue of corruption."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"And no one's above the law. This guy's family has got $2.7 billion.\" - Literal meaning: The person's wealth is irrelevant to the statement that no one is above the law. Actual meaning: None. This turn is meant literally.","questions":"Which family has got $2.7 billion?","answer":"Guy's"}
{"text":["Well, this ongoing and developing saga between singers Chris Brown and Rihanna. The president's proposed stimulus package is getting kicked around online as well. This is from the blog Political Season. He writes: Half of America is very weary of the bailout, and the other half loathes it, and nobody understands the logic going into it. Is it just me or would it have made a whole lot more sense for there to have been some public disclosure so that people understood the urgency and the emergency involved?","And this is from the blog Cob(ph): Like the woman who was pregnant when she voted for Obama because she thought he'd change America's health-care system in time for her baby, a lot of people are going to be disappointed to find that the stimulus plan is not going to be as broad and timely as the economy will be wiping out jobs.","And after today's developments, they are probably going to be even more confused in terms of what's about to happen. What can people find out on our Web site this week, Geoffrey?","Well, we've got two recent in-studio performances, one from Maisha, another one from Asha. They're both female singers who go by one name."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The stimulus package is being talked about online in a good and a bad way.","questions":"What is the topic of the blog Political Season?","answer":"Bailout"}
{"text":["And to do that you have to make time as a real thing.","Well sure because if laws can change in time, then there's nothing beyond time. And this is. . .","Yeah, I understand. How would then - how would the laws of nature then change over time?What is the mechanism that they would be changing or change them?","Well, since I'm a scientist, my job once coming to the philosophical idea that they have to change, is to invent hypotheses as to how they might change. And the whole point is that these hypotheses, since they're about the past, should be testable by observations we can make. So in the book \"Time Reborn\" I consider several of these hypotheses."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : NONE","questions":"How does the scientist approach the hypotheses about the changing of laws?","answer":"Invent"}
{"text":["Well, the call has gone out to our NPR listeners, who are either going to be repulsed or intrigued by what you're talking about here, Terry Lee.","Yeah.","That's toe master Terry Lee speaking with us from the Sourdough Saloon in Dawson City, Yukon. Terry, good luck. Thanks so much.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) B: Well, the call has gone out to our NPR listeners, who are either going to be repulsed or intrigued by what you're talking about here, Terry Lee.","questions":"Which listeners?","answer":"NPR"}
{"text":["Well, no, I don't think so, but it's really not just about resignations. What people really want to see is a change of the system, not just a personnel change. But what we know is that even if we magically fixed Ferguson overnight, it would be an island of justice in a sea of injustice.","At the same time, Mr.  French, how do you keep the public safe?How do you get anyone to become a good police officer if they're getting - if they feel they might be shot by the citizens?","You're absolutely right. I mean, the tragic thing here - and this is the crisis that we find ourselves in in St.  Louis - is that communities need police; especially communities with high crime, like many of our communities do have it in St.  Louis. We need police. And an order for police to be effective they need the trust of the community. And so what I feel like is we have not acted quick enough. That in fact we had an opportunity over this fall and winter to do a lot of this hard work before we get into what is traditionally the high crime times of spring and summer. And it's been warm here for a couple of days and we've already seen a very high spike in crime, including the tragic death of a 5-year-old boy. So we've got a lot of work to do and we need to get to the business of doing it very quickly.","How has the protest movement changed - maybe in terms of what its objectives are - and are there different factions now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Has the protest movement changed it's goals and are there different groups involved now?","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue mentions the tragic death of a 5-year-old boy?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["My grandparents were raised during the Great Depression and spent the rest of their lives hoarding rubber bands, bacon grease, and batteries. It used to fill me with embarrassment that they would actually rinse out Zip-Loc bags and reuse them. Poor people, I thought. Don't they know there's always more?I was raised in the disposable generation of styrofoam boxes and plastic water bottles. If something ran out, you simply got a new one.","But this year, we are re-evaluating not just how we spend our money, but also the lessons we pass on to a new generation. The other day, I made Emmeline a skirt out of a men's sport coat once sold exclusively at the Watergate Hotel. You can't buy that kind of fashion statement at Target.","On our most recent trip, Emmeline's glowery mood changed when she happened upon a shirt decorated with farm animals and said, ooh, now doesn't this look nice?I examined it and agreed, asking, what do you want to do with it?Emmeline twirled her toe on the speckled Formica floor and thought it over for a moment. A smile widened on her face, oh, I think that will make just the prettiest dress. Her latest outfit cost a dollar 50.","Mike Adamick is a stay-at-home dad living in San Francisco."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"But this year, we are re-evaluating not just how we spend our money, but also the lessons we pass on to a new generation.\"  This turn has a figurative meaning. The speaker is not literally saying that they are evaluating the lessons they pass on to a new generation in the same way that they are evaluating how they spend their money. Instead, they are using the idea of evaluating their spending habits as a metaphor for rethinking their approach to passing on values to their children.","questions":"How is the speaker using their spending habits as a metaphor?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":["Just market access, kind of where the Chinese government was trying to protect the early start-up of industries in China. And I think now the economy's grown enough that this - many of these things could be opened up again and access could increase for American businesses. It's also information technology, being able to make sure you can move information across boundaries, things like that.","OK. I'm hearing you - I'm hearing a wish list on what you want China to do. But is there anything you want to see from this administration that would help things out for Cummins?","Most importantly for me, I want to see engagement. I think that U. S.  businesses do very well whenever there is any access to foreign markets. We can succeed in markets when we have a chance to compete. And that's really what we want to see with every economy around the world. We'd like to see that with the USMCA, too - the Mexico-Canada agreement, too. We'd like to see that signed and completed. We'd like to see more free trade agreements with other countries.","Have you raised any of these concerns directly with the White House?I know that you sit on the Business Roundtable, which is this pretty powerful organization made up of prominent CEOs like yourself."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Market access in China was protected by the government for start-ups, but now it's time to open up and increase access for American businesses","questions":"Which country's government was protecting market access for start-ups according to turn 0?","answer":"China's"}
{"text":["What are you, Lisa, most thankful for this holiday season?","I'm thankful I don't have the banks on my butt.","Does that make any sense?","It does. Do a lot of other businesses there locally that might not be affected by the baby boom - are they having a harder time?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"I'm thankful I don't have the banks on my butt.\" - The literal meaning of this sentence suggests that the speaker is physically carrying banks on their buttocks, which is nonsensical. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is relieved that they don't owe money to the banks and are not being pursued by them.","questions":"What is the speaker thankful for?","answer":"banks"}
{"text":["Hi Farai. Great to be with you.","Always. So we've been following this situation in Zimbabwe and the situation includes a tainted election and economic collapse. Now the U. S.  has imposed new sanctions, accusing President Robert Mugabe of heading an illegitimate government that sponsors violence. Last week, the president - President Bush - signed an executive order that adds new financial restrictions against individuals and organizations linked to Mugabe's government. So South Africa criticized those new sanctions, saying they could actually obstruct these power sharing talks. What do you think?","Well I think the international community has to use everything in its tool kit to kind of acknowledge what has happened in Zimbabwe and to put pressure for change. I mean, what has happened is just unacceptable. You have had not only the flawed elections of March 29th, but again failed electoral process in June and you know, right now there is this critical period of negotiations, political negotiations that need real pressure and real support. So I think it is important that the international community does everything that it can to say that it is time for a change in Zimbabwe.","Clearly South Africa has had a lot at stake. The quiet diplomacy that we talk about with Mbeki. The quiet diplomacy has, well, brought some results, but not the results needed. And I think the African Union, the Southern African Development Community all have said that more is needed to bring really a chance for peace and also for justice in Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : following refer to or implies being interested in a situation or information ","questions":"How did PersonB show interest in the situation in Zimbabwe?","answer":"following"}
{"text":["It is largely an age distinction. There are younger people who think that our geography has now trumped our history. We are in the world where it's more relevant than the ties we used to have. But for an older generation, those ties are really important, especially when it comes to war, and World War I and World War II, and New Zealand lost more soldiers per the population than most countries in the world. And they died and served under that flag.","Well, what are some of the alternatives that have been proposed?","The prime minister, John Key, here is a big fan of the silver fern. We have a symbol that we use on our sporting outfits. And one of our major teams, which is literally of a plant, a wee fern plant on a black background. For others, though, that's a bit too much like a brand or a logo than really a sovereign flag. There are artists who have come up with sort of designs of white skies and - 'cause, you know, it's also known as (Foreign language spoken) in Maori, the land of the long white cloud. There are Maori, the native people here, have independence flag that are talked about. So, quite a lot of options on the table to be debated.","Who gets to choose?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is largely an age distinction. There are younger people who think that our geography has now trumped our history. We are in the world where it's more relevant than the ties we used to have. But for an older generation, those ties are really important, especially when it comes to war, and World War I and World War II, and New Zealand lost more soldiers per the population than most countries in the world. And they died and served under that flag.  In this turn, the implied meaning is that the younger generation values geography and current circumstances more than historical ties, while the older generation places significant importance on the historical connections, particularly in the context of war and the sacrifices made under the existing flag. The literal meaning would simply state the generational differences in perspective and the historical significance of the flag.","questions":"Which generation values geography over history?","answer":"Younger"}
{"text":["I think my career - had before this was 48, and I thought I had a pretty good game in that game. But it turns out it didn't even come close to this one.","I've read you just came from a weekend tournament where you went 11-41 in two games; from the depths to the heights.","Yeah. Yeah. I had a pretty poor shooting weekend. So coming into this game, my coaches and my teammates really wanted to get me going a little bit offensively to get my confidence up before we head into conference play.","And get your confidence up, you made, I think - what was it?More than 50 shots."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"get your confidence up\" is an idiom that means to increase one's self-assurance or self-esteem, rather than literally raising something up.","questions":"Which expression is used as an idiom to refer to the increase in one's self-assurance or self-esteem as opposed to a literal increase?","answer":"get"}
{"text":["So, you know, it was a very, very gutsy move because he and I, we didn't have a quarter. And I'm sure you're saying, well, how did you open up a restaurant without any money?Well, my grandmother, who was in her 90s, was gracious enough and had enough faith and confidence in us to use her house as collateral, and we took out a small 20,000 dollar loan, opened up a 2,000-square-foot restaurant in 1988.","And, the first day we opened, we were dead broke. We didn't have a cash register. There were so many things that we didn't have that I wouldn't dare try to open up a restaurant in today's time without. But in less than the two years - we leased the building for two years - in two years, not only had we paid my grandmother her money back, but we had saved 40,000 dollars. And we took that money and used it as a down payment and purchased our first restaurant.","Well, you know, I want to go to you, Gina, because I understand that there was a reunion at which you two reconnected. Tell me about that, first of all.","Pat and I dated in high school. As a matter of fact, our parents went to the same high school, and we got back together - we dated all through high school, we broke up, of course, and then we got back together at our 10-year reunion."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"got back together\" - This means that they resumed their romantic relationship, rather than literally getting back to the same physical location.","questions":"How did PersonA and Pat reconnect?","answer":"reconnected"}
{"text":["Oh, my goodness, the crisis keeps deepening by the day. Yesterday, some of the parties called for a vote of no confidence. The chancellor, Sebastian Kurz, was hoping that he could get rid of Interior Minister Kickl, who has also been the center of several scandals himself during the course of the 18 months that they've been in government. The other ministers of Transport, Defense and Labor said, we're going to leave, too.","So you're describing all sorts of behind-closed-doors machinations going on here. But bottom line - as Austria prepares to go to bed tonight, Chancellor Sebastian Kurz is still in charge of the government, but he doesn't have much of a government now that his coalition has fallen apart.","Exactly.","How is this playing as you are out and about interviewing people on the streets of Vienna?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The government is in a state of crisis due to political machinations behind the scenes, but Sebastian Kurz is still in power despite losing his coalition.","questions":"Which minister has been the center of several scandals during the 18 months that the government has been in power?","answer":"Kickl"}
{"text":["And it's working. It's really working. So, I think that the new music coming out of Atlanta, the new kids that are coming up are really taking what we did in the past, over the past 20 years, and infusing it with the new, like they're erasing all the boundaries.","I just like to add one thing. Yellow Wolf is also a discovery of Kawan K. P. Prather, who was also at Le Face Records. So, it is like the story continues to. . .","The generations roll on.","Yeah. Yeah, exactly."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The new music coming out of Atlanta is building on the past and pushing boundaries.","questions":"What is Atlanta's new music infusing with the past?","answer":"past"}
{"text":["So, tell us about those. There's one called the U6, I understand.","Well, U4, U5, U6 and they are all subsets of - each one is the previous one plus another group of unemployed. So, to go from U3 to U4, we add a group of people called discouraged workers. These are people who have given up looking for jobs even though they want a job. Then there's a different group called the marginally-attached worker, and that's somebody who isn't looking for a job but wants one. And there's another group of people who are working part time, but want a full-time job, but can't find them. If you take the broadest measure, the U6 measure of unemployment, we're talking about 11. 8 percent, and those are numbers similar to what we saw in the 1970s. That's an ugly unemployment number.","Well, why doesn't the government count that number or use that number when reporting these numbers?","Do you really have to ask that question?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It's a well-known fact that the government doesn't report accurate numbers.","questions":"What is the reason for the government's inaccurate reporting?","answer":"reason"}
{"text":["But he knew deep inside that he did. He used to tell us that we walk - this is his quote. He used to tell us all the time. We walk on floors that we never scrubbed. We walk through doors that we never opened. I love that he never forgot where he came from.","And, speaking of beginnings, you were a white woman from Canada.","Right.","He was also known for hiring a large number of African American clerks at a time - and apparently, this is still not as common as many people. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : knew deep inside implies that a person had very strong beliefs about a topic","questions":"What is the implication of \"knew deep inside\" in turn 0?","answer":"walk"}
{"text":["One of the things that we're looking at is how multicultural Houston is and how many different types of communities live here. Have you seen that change over time?","Yeah, it's become more diverse - more ethnic restaurants coming in onto the scene, more Vietnamese restaurants, more Arabic restaurants, more Japanese restaurants, more Chinese restaurants. Besides that, there has been a great influx of Indian and Pakistani population. So yes, things have changed. One thing hasn't changed. I still don't like sloppy Joes.","(Laughter).","You know.","I hear that you're thinking of retiring."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They mention more diverse as in different cuisines as the narrator points out. ","questions":"How has Houston become more diverse?","answer":"Restaurants."}
{"text":["What is your guideline?When do you tell an officer he or she has to start recording?","NOPD policy requires them to record the entire encounter until any police action has ceased. So what we're finding out though sometimes the cameras aren't on. Sometimes they aren't wearing the cameras. And those are clear violations, but then there were also supervisors telling officers things like turn it off during, you know, sensitive matters, but not defining what a sensitive matter could be.","We're also hearing complaints that only parts of interactions are being recorded. That's one of the things we're hearing now. So the misconduct is occurring off-camera, but then they're recording, you know, perfectly professional encounters on camera. So that's one of the things we're also hearing now. And. . .","That's a big complaint and, of course, you wouldn't have any - ironically or incongruously - you wouldn't have a video record of that misconduct, but you would have a video record of them doing it right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Officers are not following NOPD policy, which requires them to always record the entire encounter until any police action has ceased, and instead are turning off their cameras during what they consider to be \"sensitive matters\" without defining what this means.","questions":"How are officers violating NOPD policy?","answer":"Turning"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . Jupiter. But there's no debris right now. It looks like whatever hit Jupiter, Jupiter just kind of swallowed it whole.","Yeah. You know, I'm reminded - when you say debris, I'm reminded of that famous Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet that broke up and smashed into the planet in 1994.","Well, you're right. And, you know, I said 10 or 20 years ago, people might have said that Dan Peterson, who saw the impact, was just, you know, seeing things. But back before comet Shoemaker - excuse me, SL9 hit Jupiter, astronomers were very skeptical that big impacts like that occurred in the modern day solar system. And then we saw that tremendous series of 21 impacts with our own eyes, when Shoemaker 9 hit Jupiter. And, of course, that was a comet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Astronomers were skeptical of big impacts in modern solar system before Shoemaker 9 hit Jupiter in 1994","questions":"What event caused astronomers to change their beliefs about big impacts in the modern solar system?","answer":"Shoemaker-Levy"}
{"text":["Well, Zach looked at them and said, you know, these look like Sexton. But they don't look like the Sexton I've read. So even from the beginning, we had a very clear idea that we might have found something special here. So the next step was to reach out to other more-established Sexton scholars who hadn't seen them. And that was when we got really excited. They put us in touch with her daughter and literary executor Linda Gray Sexton, who also said, I have never seen these, either.","So Anne Sexton, as we've said, is one of the poets that really introduced the idea of confessional poetry, poetry that's personal - so much about the I. How do these poems fit into that emerging style?","Well, I think one of my favorite things about Sexton is how she kind of emerges almost fully formed, right?So she wasn't a childhood poetry writer. You know, before she even started taking a poetry class where she's writing for therapy, 12 years after that, she's winning the Pulitzer Prize for poetry. So what these poems show is, yes, her development but also very much her initial poetic power. In 1957, she presents her mother with a sort of homemade book of poems. And she says this was the first year of Anne Sexton, you know, poet - and that's before she even starts publishing - and then very shortly after has a meteoric rise to fame.","So I guess I'd like to know what these poems are about and something that really moved you. Can you give us an example?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It means the poems that the author has read, not the author herself.","questions":"How does the author differentiate between the poems and the author herself?","answer":"Formed."}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Pope Francis issued what's called an apostolic exhortation this week called The Joy of Gospel. And in his exhortation, he upheld church teachings while signaling a new openness to conversation about change. Maybe most notably the pope criticized the way much of the world, including the United States, does business. He warned against what he called an economy of exclusion, arguing that the very structural causes of poverty must be addressed. We turn now to Father James Martin, a noted Jesuit and culture editor of the Jesuit magazine America. He joins us from Philadelphia today. Father Jim, thanks for being with us.","THE REV. JAMES MARTIN: My pleasure.","What's the pope exhorting his church to do?","Well, I would say in this document he's asking us to do three things. Number one, remember the importance of joy. When we preach the Gospel, he inveighs against sourpusses - that's the English translation."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"he upheld church teachings while signaling a new openness to conversation about change\" - figurative language, implying that the Pope is willing to consider new ideas and perspectives, even if they challenge traditional church teachings.","questions":"What did the Pope criticize in his apostolic exhortation?","answer":"Traditional"}
{"text":["Good to be here, Neal.","Weren't we supposed to get this thing right after 9\/11, particularly the interagency communication part?","We were sure supposed to. Somewhere along the line things, sort of, broke down and it's obviously disturbing that we haven't come as far as we thought in that time.","As you looked at what happened before the attack in Benghazi, what do you think are the important lessons to be taken away there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Interagency communication is not improved to be better than before 9\/11.","questions":"How has interagency communication improved since 9\/11?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["Yeah, my mom was one of those moms that loved pretty much everything I did and encouraged me to do it and also just instilled in me a love for books and for reading. You know, she read to us all the time.","Yeah.","Yeah, just enjoying the ideas and the things that I did meant so much. And my dad was, you know, more critical, and I think maybe that balance was crucial, too. But I used to come home - Mom tells me I used to come home from kindergarten and I'd sit up on, you know, the kitchen counter and basically spend an hour telling her the story we heard, you know, from story time. And that's because she wanted to hear it, or at least, you know, gave me that impression. And I would - I just - I learned to tell stories and to, yeah, just enjoy that process of crafting a story for a person. And in that case, it was my mom. So yeah, I can't say enough about Mama.","It's funny because there's a cartoon that I've just turned to here that shows a couple of married couples chatting, and the wife in one of the couples says our son wants to be a comedian, so we're getting a nasty divorce."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"our son wants to be a comedian, so we're getting a nasty divorce\" - this is a joke, and the literal meaning of the words is not what the speaker intends to communicate. The speaker is making light of the idea that having a comedian in the family might lead to conflict or tension, but the statement is not meant to be taken seriously.","questions":"Which statement is a joke?","answer":"turn3"}
{"text":["Sarah M.  Broom grew up in a yellow house in New Orleans East, 10 minutes from the French Quarter, the youngest of 12 children. The house was bought by her mother in 1961 and grew into something more than the family's home. It became its hearth and its center. But like many places in New Orleans, the earth below it was already sinking years before Hurricane Katrina hit.","The ground was fragile. And of course, that fragility is the thing I picked up on as a child when we were playing hide-and-go-seek, when we were playing ball in the yard, you know, we came up with all of these stories about the danger of the ground. And that becomes the thing that, in a way, haunts me.","Sarah M.  Broom's debut book is called \"The Yellow House,\" and it's a memoir of a place that was hard in many ways but also indelible in the history of her family.","It was a house that I loved deeply, in fact. And I say that because I feel it's impossible to love any place, and to truly love it, to truly see it for what it is, without taking in all of its complexities and its nuances. And I also feel that way, by the way, about America, which I love deeply and am always interrogating, right?So the house created such complexity of emotion for me because it was the place my mother bought. And the house, at some point, really was in disrepair. It was falling down all around us. And even in those moments, my mother was always trying to fix it back up."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The home became where the family would all get together at and where they felt the most love.","questions":"Which memoir is the debut book of Sarah M. Broom?","answer":"House"}
{"text":["A lawsuit was filed this week in federal court on behalf of a man who moved from Puerto Rico to Southeast Georgia in 2017. He applied for a driver's license after waiting at the required 30 days. The man, Kenneth Caban Gonzalez, says that an inspector from the Georgia Department of Driver Services confiscated his documents and asked him a number of trivia questions such as, who is Roberto Clemente, and what is the name of the frog native only to Puerto Rico?He alleges he also asked trick questions such as, where is Caguas beach?There is no beach in Caguas.","The lawsuit accuses the state of violating the Civil Rights Act by holding residents of Puerto Rico to more stringent requirements than it does transplants from other U. S.  states. The advocacy group Latino Justice is litigating the case along with the Southern Center for Human Rights. And with us now is Gerry Weber. He's a senior attorney at the Southern Center.","Welcome. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The state of Georgia has unequal requirements for residents of Puerto Rico.","questions":"Which state is being accused of violating the Civil Rights Act?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Well, the children have Medicaid, just due to our lower income. We are available to some of the state aid, which is very welcome. Fortunately, we haven't had to use it too much. We do have a couple of kids with some special needs that are addressed, but the other three haven't had much need for it.","Even in difficult times you need a little break. You need to get away and do something to remind yourself that life is fun sometimes, too. What you do if you have any extra money and you can go somewhere?","We did get away for a family vacation this summer, went down to North Carolina. We do the bargain movie theaters. We do - the kids are very busy at school and we try to keep them going on all these field trips and what not.","Ohio, where you are, this was a famous battleground state in the election, and you know, we've had all these undecided voters. And we are asking people these questions that feel intrusive, even to us as we ask them, but can you tell me how you voted?","Well, I was undecided, I guess, or uncommitted up until Monday evening, and to be honest with you, I couldn't bring myself to vote for either one of the two major parties. I just felt that neither one of them represented the change that we actually needed in this country. So - and I will just leave it at that.","All right. Jon Diebold in Cincinnati, Ohio. What's your restaurant?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Having Medicaid is helpful, but we still struggle financially.","questions":"What kind of aid does the family receive?","answer":"State"}
{"text":["WHYY.","Excellent. And tell us a little bit about your situation. You wrote that you are a member of the sandwich generation. What does that mean?","Well, it means that I'm taking care of children, and I'm also taking care of an elderly mother.","So, you've got a lot of expenses. How are you coping with those expenses right now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is facing financial difficulties due to caregiving responsibilities.","questions":"Which responsibility is causing financial problems for the speaker?","answer":"Caregiving"}
{"text":["And it's the same university where, in the early days of gene therapy, a young man did die in a very early gene therapy study that set the field back, like, a decade. So the last thing these researchers want to do is, you know, do anything risky. They're taking it very carefully, being very slow. They're going to follow these patients for a long time to see if it's safe and how well it's working.","All right. There's a lot at stake here. And this isn't the only study, I understand, that's trying to use CRISPR to treat diseases. What else is going on?","Yeah, yeah. It's actually a really exciting time for - in the world for CRISPR and medical treatments right now. There's about a half a dozen studies that are - have been going in China for cancer for a while. And now another half a dozen or so are being launched in Europe, in the United States and in countries like Canada that try to treat a variety of diseases. In the first one are blood disorders. One is known as beta thalassemia. That first patient was treated there in Germany recently. And then there's - another trial is going to be starting soon in this country to try to use CRISPR to treat sickle cell disease. So it's a lot happening right now with CRISPR and diseases.","And it sounds like it's still early days."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of this sentence is asking what other studies are being conducted using CRISPR. However, the implied meaning is that the stakes are high and the researchers need to be careful to ensure the success of the study.","questions":"What is the main concern of the researchers conducting the study?","answer":"Safety"}
{"text":["Hi, how are you doing?","How do you do that?","Well, you know, it turns out there are lots of little corners in all the information we see. I mean, we're used to the idea that somehow everything we type in the computer is very exact. You don't type in the right password, the computer gets upset. If you don't type in the right URL, it gets upset.","But it turns out that there's lots of little wiggle room that we don't even realize is there, and that's what steganography uses. We kind of go in, and we exploit things. You can make a color just a little bit more blue, or you can make it a little bit more red. And then if you do that enough times, you can send a signal, and then the computer can piece it all together into a complex message."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the computer gets upset implies that the computer does not do what the person wants it to do","questions":"How does steganography make use of the wiggle room in the information we see?","answer":"Wiggle"}
{"text":["You know, that's a really great question. Our book hit No. 3 on the New York Times bestseller list on Wednesday. And here I am having written this book and stepping into a different version of, you know, women's rights feminist icon. And it's something I'm really proud of because I had to really educate myself on what I believe to be true.","And so I - I don't know. I think that recreating a person's identity is happening on the daily. And I - for me - I want to keep breaking free from all of these identities and get down to that last one, which is human. And I hope that people out there feel the same way because we are all the same matter.","That soccer star Abby Wambach.","Abby, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"breaking free from all of these identities and get down to that last one, which is human\" - This turn is figurative language as it refers to the author's desire to move beyond societal labels and stereotypes and focus on our common humanity rather than actually breaking free from physical identities.","questions":"What does the author mean by \"last one\"?","answer":"Human"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Melissa Block. This week, Republican front-runner Donald Trump warned that there would be riots if Republican leaders reject him as the nominee, even if he's ahead in the delegate count. He was talking about the possibility of a contested convention. If Trump fails to get to the magic number of 1,237 delegates, things are going to get complicated - Byzantine even. And if you are an unbound or unpledged delegate - that is a delegate who can vote for whomever you want - you're probably about to get a lot of phone calls. Matt Micheli is one of those unpledged delegates. He's also chairman of the Wyoming Republican Party. And he joins us now from Casper. Welcome to the program.","Thank you, Melissa.","What does it mean to be - for you to be an unbound delegate?You're essentially a free agent, right, when you go to the convention.","That's right. We still represent the state of Wyoming and we - the results of what the Wyoming people want, I think, is what we will all try to do. But there's no law or no limits on who we can vote for at National Convention. We are free agents."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The turn (4) implies that the Wyoming Republican Party believes in democratic principles and values, and the party's unpledged delegates will do their best to reflect the will of the state's residents at the Republican National Convention. However, as unbound delegates, they are not legally bound to vote for any specific candidate.","questions":"How are the Wyoming Republican Party's unpledged delegates legally bound to vote?","answer":"not"}
{"text":["But I do think, at the Pew level, if you will, this is a divisive issue. And I am really hoping and I'm personally praying that evangelicals will stop and say, this one's too far. We don't want to close that golden door on people fleeing persecution, including people who are persecuted for their Christian faith. I think it's maybe not gotten a lot of attention that Christian refugees from some of the countries where Christians face the worst persecution in the world, along with other religious minorities, are also really dramatically harmed by these policies.","As I understand it, a big part of your work is talking to fellow evangelicals about this - about immigration more broadly. Can you give us a sense of what you hear in those conversations?","Yeah. You know, I wouldn't do this work - I think I'd be completely burned out if it wasn't for the opportunities I have on a fairly regular basis to be in an evangelical church in various parts of the country on a Sunday morning, preaching and teaching on God's heart for immigrants.","And what's encouraging to me is when I speak in churches, the response is actually really positive. I think a lot of churches are afraid to even have that conversation. But when they do, I find that most people are really receptive if it's grounded not in a political agenda - we're not there to tell people to vote for Republicans or vote for Democrats - but in a biblical message that focuses on who we know God to be, as revealed in the Bible, and his particular concern for vulnerable refugees."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It is important to discuss God's message of care for refugees without being politically divisive.","questions":"How should the conversation about God's concern for refugees be grounded in churches?","answer":"Biblical"}
{"text":["Tomorrow marks the end of the longest presidential campaign to date. This election looks like it might break all voter turnout records, and plenty of civil and voting rights groups are out there working to make sure you have a place to turn if you're having trouble voting. One of them is the NAACP. In September, Benjamin Jealous became the youngest man to lead the country's oldest and largest civil rights organization. He's got plenty of information about how to protect your vote. Ben, how are you?","I'm doing well.","So you are the head of this storied organization that has had so much to do with African-Americans in voting. You think about where we've been in the past decade with the contested 2000 election. What should people know firstoff about going to the polls and doing it in a way that protects their vote?","You know, there's really two things that I say to folks. You know, first is that you should be prepared, you know. You should really think about the time you need and make sure, you know, if you need to have somebody to watch the kids that you just take care of it. This is one of the most important things that you'll do in the next year, and just be prepared."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : To protect a  vote means to ensure that you are able to exercise your right to vote and aren\u2019t subject to racism; the vote is not a physical thing.","questions":"Which right should be protected while going to the polls according to turn 2?","answer":"voting"}
{"text":["How hopeful are you that this outbreak can be contained?","Specifically in Uganda, they are very well-prepared. But the way the response is going in the DRC is very concerning. There's a lot of scale-up and better coordination and closely working with the community. There's a lot of armed groups operating in the area. There's a tax on Ebola workers. NGOs are forced to suspend their programming on a regular basis.","And so it's really important that we gain the trust of the community in the DRC, that people make sure they're starting to bring suspected cases into the clinics because we're still seeing a lot of cases in the communities, which shows that people are not trusting the response, and they're not bringing their loved ones into the clinics for treatment. So in order to stop it spreading, we have to stop it in the source, which is in North Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo.","Kellie Ryan with the International Rescue Committee in Uganda. We reached her by Skype. Kellie, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The lack of trust in the community in the DRC is hindering efforts to stop the spread of Ebola.","questions":"How is the response to the Ebola outbreak in the DRC impacted by the community's trust?","answer":"trust"}
{"text":["That's a good one. Any others we should know about?","Yeah. Another example - Clinton Redding - his obituary was published by the Neptune Society. Clint was a professional machine mechanic, and if something was broken, he could fix it. He'd be glad to know that any and everyone who reads this would cast their vote to keep Hillary Clinton out of office. That was the last thing he wanted to fix.","Oh, my word. Are people including more personal information in their obituaries now?Are families doing that?","They absolutely are. It's a trend we've seen. You know, I've been with Legacy for 14 years. And when I first started at Legacy, many of the obituaries were very stoic, very fact-focused. What we're seeing now is that obituaries are really more personal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"It's a trend we've seen\" is a statement about a trend, not a literal description of what the speaker has seen.","questions":"Which word describes the statement made by the speaker in turn 3?","answer":"Statement"}
{"text":["What happens to a city when a whole bunch of its residents get really rich really quickly?A lot of people in San Francisco are worried about that right now. The city's in the middle of a tech IPO boom. Lyft and Pinterest went public earlier this year. Stock in Uber begins trading tomorrow. Other big names plan to follow. And that means thousands of new millionaires in a city that's already one of the least affordable in the country. This week, Gordon Mar, who serves on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, proposed a new payroll tax targeting IPOs. He says the tech boom of the past decade has been good for San Francisco, but there are downsides.","We've seen growing traffic congestion and gridlock on our streets due to the huge influx of new workers here in our city. We've seen a growing housing crisis, housing affordability crisis, to the point where the median rent right now for a one-bedroom apartment is $3,500 a month.","Unbelievable.","Yeah. And then sort of related to this, our homelessness crisis - tens of thousands of our community members continue to live unsheltered on the streets due just to the growing economic divide here in our city."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"economic divide\" is a metaphorical expression used to refer to the growing gap between the wealthy and the poor in San Francisco. The term \"divide\" implies a separation or gap between two things, but in this context, it is not meant to be taken literally.","questions":"Which term is used metaphorically to refer to the growing gap between the wealthy and the poor in San Francisco?","answer":"Economic"}
{"text":["When you lament where the company is, do you feel there are steps that can be taken to bring it back to the loftier values that, you know, you first believed were true?","Yeah, I think there are steps, but I don't think they're kind of what Uber should do. I think they're what regulators and lawmakers and sort of society should do. I mean, sort of a very easy step would be to, you know, re-examine this independent contractor status of their drivers and see if there's some way to have them be employees or gain some equity in the company. That would be one way.","So basically you're saying, as we're about to hoo and ha over the massive figure of possibly a hundred billion dollars in worth - regulators, pay attention and protect the drivers and the little people in the game?","Yeah. And I think actually, you know, Uber going public may prompt that - which we are seeing strikes. We are seeing protests from drivers. And we're in this moment where lawmakers, presidential candidates, regulators are paying more attention to this industry and its effects on the world. So I don't think Uber's IPO is going to be the end of the story for its drivers and for its culture. I think it's, you know, maybe the beginning of a new, more restrictive, you know, oversight over the company."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The public offering will not be the end of scrutiny and oversight over Uber","questions":"Which event may lead to more oversight over Uber?","answer":"IPO"}
{"text":["As we know, the president has been very big on tariffs, right?I mean, he recently tweeted, tariffs are the greatest - one of many tweets like that. What has - what changed here?","This was an amazing turnaround. It was a real victory for the free traders in the White House and for those who argued that it's not good for the president to be in a circular firing squad with our European allies. Instead, he should work with them to pressure China at the WTO about intellectual property theft and forced technology transfers. The other thing that caused this turnaround was the president really needed a win. He was facing a wall of opposition from his own constituents, from Republican members of Congress, from farmers, from people who work in small manufacturing plants.","The other thing that made a big difference, according to a senior White, House official that I talked to, was that the European Commission president, Jean-Claude Juncker, came in with a specific deal. He said we're going to buy this many more soybeans, this much more liquefied natural gas. This is a very transactional president. And, apparently, Canada, Mexico, China - none of them have come in with specific deals the way the EU did last week. So the president went from saying privately, I don't need Europe to making a deal.","And how, Mara, will this deal announcement affect his all-important base?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The firing squad means that the president should not be surrounded by people that hate him.","questions":"Which victory did the free traders achieve in the White House?","answer":"Soybeans"}
{"text":["No. And it's hard one wisdom that is a positive thing, you know?What would we be if we didn't learn from where we've been?And I think the more effort you spend pushing things away so that you don't have to feel them, see them, experience them, the more exhausted you become. And it's just inevitable that your arms go down and you have to go through them. And so that's what I think of as what's happened here with this record.","Mary Chapin Carpenter, who's on tour here in St.  Louis in support of her new album, \"Ashes and Roses. \"You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. We have time for another song.","We do?","And magically, you've changed guitars silently."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Pushing away emotions and experiences only leads to exhaustion and they must be faced.","questions":"Which record?","answer":"Record"}
{"text":["And yet we see, at this particular moment in time, isolationism on the rise. We see it in Brexit. We see it here in the United States. Does that make the fight against genocide more difficult?","Oh, I think it absolutely does. There's been a lot of progress in the last 25 years, including the creation of their doctrine that's called Responsibility to Protect, which says that the United Nations has a responsibility to protect the people of a country when their own states fail to do so. What happens if that multilateralism falls apart is that we start to question those powers that do intervene. You start to question their motives in those instances where multilateralism falters.","That's David Simon, director of Yale's Genocide Studies Program. Thank you very much.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer","questions":"What was the director's name?","answer":"David"}
{"text":["Absolutely not. In fact, the people of my state should know we are doing everything in our power to defend them. If it comes to a legal fight with the Trump administration, we're prepared to have it. I've had some experience with taking on the Trump administration litigation. We have yet to lose a case yet, and I don't plan on starting with this issue.","Attorney General Bob Ferguson of Washington state, thanks so much.","Oh, thank you, Scott. Have a great day.","And we contacted the Department of Justice for comment on Mr.  Ferguson's remarks about Attorney General Sessions. We have yet to receive a response."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The literal meaning of turn (2) is the speaker thanking the person who introduced him, but the implied meaning is just a polite expression to acknowledge the introduction. (3) The literal meaning of turn (3) is the speaker thanking the other person, but the implied meaning is just a polite expression to end the conversation.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's comment about taking on the Trump administration in court?","answer":"Acknowledged"}
{"text":["Well, Jackson had come into my E. R. because he had been shot, and an area surrounding the bullet wound - which was still lodged in his leg - appeared infected. And while I was examining him, a medical student handed me a piece of paper that revealed the results of a microbiological test which showed that Jackson had contracted a superbug.","And the terrifying part for him and for our team is that the infection was only treatable with one antibiotic called colistin. And that's a drug that fell out of favor years ago because it was so outrageously toxic. But here we were on the cusp of so much medical advancement, and we were reaching for outdated drugs to treat patients because the bacteria had evolved and mutated in ways that we only had incredibly limited treatment options.","From there, you take us back 100 years to a World War I battlefield in France, a field hospital actually. Tell us why you are connecting these two moments.","Well, I connect those moments because there was a similar situation of a young physician treating a bullet wound. And he was practicing medicine in the days before antibiotics. His name was Alexander Fleming. And he was only using antiseptic fluid and scalpels."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite medical advancement, limited treatment options force us to use outdated and toxic drugs.","questions":"What drug was the infection only treatable with?","answer":"Colistin"}
{"text":["Well, I just hope that we can make it through. I don't know. We don't know what is in store - you know, the future has for us because we've already - when they cut the shifts back, we've already lost a lot of our business from over there. Now, there's going to be nobody, and we just don't know where it's going to go from there.","And this is a family business, I understand.","Yes, it is. Yes, it's me and my sisters. My father works here. My son's a grill cook. And, you know, we're not a big chain, so we're just really wondering what's going to happen. We're trying really hard to hang in there, but it's pretty scary.","And you say that you've had this business for 15 years."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : hang in there means they are trying to keep their business functioning properly.","questions":"What are they trying to do with their business?","answer":"Hang"}
{"text":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Karodzic's brother's mistake ultimately led to his capture.","questions":"What led to Karodzic's capture?","answer":"Mistake"}
{"text":["But writing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers report that they have been able to trace back the origins of viticulture in France to about 500 BC, using a combination of archaeological detective work and biomolecular approaches in the lab. And one of the men who's been studying the origins of winemaking for many years, the man some people call the Indiana Jones of wine, is Patrick McGovern, scientific director of the Biomolecular Archaeology Laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology in Philadelphia.","He's authored many books, including \"Ancient Wine: A Search for the Origins of Viniculture,\" \"Uncorking the Past: The Quest for Wine, Beer and Other Alcoholic Beverages. \"He joins us this week. Welcome.","Hello, Ira, nice to talk to you.","Why do they call you the Indiana Jones of. . ."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Why do they call the person an adventurist risk taker?","questions":"Which famous archaeologist is being referred to as the Indiana Jones of wine?","answer":"PatrickMcGovern"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . . Who have a record of accomplishment, who think that they can appeal to a broad range of voters. So what do you think you add to the race that isn't already there?","No, you bet. And why would I be the 37th or 24th (laughter) candidate or whatever it is?And I just got in now because I literally signed my last bill on Monday and had a job to do, getting Medicaid expansion and other things reauthorized. So I think I bring to the race - I think I'm probably the only one in the race that actually won in a Trump state. I mean, I got reelected in 2016. Donald Trump took Montana by 20 points. I won by four. Twenty-five to 30% of my voters voted for Donald Trump. And that's not, for me, changing who I am. I think I add to the race inasmuch as that people want government to function. I've been able to bridge divides in a very partisan time and get Republicans and Democrats to work with me to try to improve people's lives.","I think Joe Biden thinks the same. I mean, the former Vice President Joe Biden, who, obviously, has broad name recognition, you know, everywhere, who has been elected many times in his own right, never ran successfully for president. But I think he could argue that he ran successfully in Trump states - states that became Trump states - twice. And in addition to that, he's raising millions of dollars on his past name recognition. How are you going to compete with that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of turn (2) is a question asking what the speaker can add to the race that other candidates do not already have. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is being challenged to prove their value and justify their entry into the race. The literal meaning of the turn does not reflect the underlying challenge and skepticism expressed by the speaker.","questions":"How does turn 2 reflect the challenge and skepticism expressed by the speaker?","answer":"Challenging"}
{"text":["A busy week at the U. S.  Federal Reserve. The central bank announced it would end its stimulus program after six years. And later in the week, the Fed's chair, Janet Yellen, gave a speech about diversity in the field of economics. She said the profession, which seems to be dominated by white men, would benefit from a wider variety of viewpoints and pointed to what she called a leaky pipeline that's prevented women and minorities from making it into the top ranks of academia. We're joined now in our studios by labor economist Julianne Malveaux. Dr.  Malveaux, thanks very much for being with us.","DR.  JULIANNE MALVEAUX: It's absolutely a pleasure. Thank you, Scott.","What do you make of that leaky pipeline analogy?","It's absolutely the case. When you look at the research from the past, white males were the norm. It was not until the '70s that folks like Janet Yellen and others introduced women into, essentially, the research - just the research. I think that some of my work and others began to introduce black women, but by and large you're talking a white male space."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) -- Dr. Malveaux is expressing her pleasure at being invited to the show. ","questions":"What is Dr. Malveaux's feeling about being invited to the show?","answer":"Pleasure"}
{"text":["To be fair to President Trump, while tariffs, in my view, represent appalling economic policy, they are a reasonable political tactic in seizing the attention of a foreign government - in this case, China. And he succeeded on that. But in terms of the outcome that he produces, it'll be a classic case of the glass being either half-full or half-empty, depending on who looks at it.","Market access and a reduction in the U. S.  trade deficit with China over time - the glass will be more than half full. But on the others, the glass will get progressively empty. And I would be surprised, particularly on that question of state subsidy for China's high-technology industries, whether we'll see much substantive Chinese movement at all.","Do you think that Chinese leaders respect President Trump and his negotiating style?","I think the Chinese see in Trump two things. One is a preparedness to double down on these trade negotiations over a long period of time to extract maximum change in the Chinese position. So they see Trump as exercising American strength."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The outcome of President Trump's negotiations with China is likely to be uncertain, and it may be difficult to judge the success or failure of his policies.","questions":"Which word describes the success or failure of President Trump's policies towards China?","answer":"half-empty"}
{"text":["Yes, I do. I think General Kelly is right. I think a lot of America is out of touch with those of us who have served and the sacrifices that we've made or seen our colleagues make. And that's a divide that we ought to bridge. But you don't do that by politicizing an incident like this. You do it by taking responsibility for your actions. If you're the president, you say I don't think I said that, if that's what he believes. But if I offended the widow in any way, then I apologize.","Congressman, I - a bit off the central topic we've been talking about - did you know U. S.  forces were operating in Niger?","As a member of the armed services committee, I am aware of it but only very peripherally. This is not something that we have talked about or has been briefed to us extensively at all.","So you think there's more to be known about this mission and about U. S.  operations in that area of the world?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"But you don't do that by politicizing an incident like this. You do it by taking responsibility for your actions.\" Implicated meaning: A person should take personal accountability for their actions instead of exploiting a situation for political gain.","questions":"How should a person respond to a situation instead of politicizing it? (Answer: taking responsibility)","answer":"Responsibility"}
{"text":["As I don't have to tell you, because you helped negotiate the Paris Agreement, the United States pulled out more than a couple of years ago.","Well, actually, the United States can legally not pull out until November of next year. We, of course, certainly expect them to do so.","Be that as it may, what can be accomplished - how much does U. S.  withdrawal hurt?","Well, you know, the fact is that what you call a U. S.  withdrawal I call a national government withdrawal. I call it a White House withdrawal. It does not represent 100% of the U. S.  economy. Sixty percent of the U. S.  economy represented by many corporations, by many states and certainly by many financial institutions continue to decarbonize because they understand it is for their own good. It is for the strength of their economy and for commercial profitability in the case of corporations. The fact is that if the United States, as a central government, wants to leave the climate agreement and not continue the policies and the incentives for decarbonization, they're shooting themselves in the foot because other countries such as China, certainly, and perhaps even India are taking advantage of that vacuum and moving in."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The United States is hurting themselves by their own actions. China and India are taking advantage of the Paris Agreement and the large amount of people that are working to save the planet from climate change.","questions":"How are China and India taking advantage of the Paris Agreement?","answer":"Moving"}
{"text":["I don't think I have to. I'm a jazz musician. I know what I am. Whether the music you think I'm playing or professing is jazz or not, it's kind of not my problem, you know what I mean?I'm a jazz musician, and this is what I do.","I do conduction, and it doesn't matter whether I do it with classical musicians or jazz musicians or traditional Japanese instruments, Korean instruments, Turkish instruments. It doesn't matter. This is what I do, work with funk musicians or pop musicians. It doesn't matter. I'm still doing - I'm still showing everybody the same sign. This means sustain. This means repeat. This means graphic information. This means this, this, and that.","Some of your newer music, it's recording Nublu Orchestra. It crosses many genres. Let's take a listen to \"Downstairs. \"","How did you get started on this path?I mean, who were your influences?Who were the musicians that sparked in your imagination that this is a road you might take?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the musicians actually created a spark in the speaker's imagination, but the figurative meaning is that the musicians inspired the speaker's creativity.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of the spark mentioned by the speaker in turn 3?","answer":"Inspiration"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","And that's exactly what I did and never really looked back from there really.","Yeah. What did you like about it?What do you like about it?","Actually, I quite like the early morning work because I don't - I'm happy in my own skin. I quite like solitude. I don't mind spending time with myself. But I think what it was is it was going to work when there's no one on the road. So I could drive to work, no one on the road - very quiet - go to where - the team were there. We had a lot of work to do. I was very proud of what I did, and I picked it up very, very quickly. And it was lovely looking back on the bakery and looking at all the croissant, the afternoon tea, the breads - and looking at everything that you've made and thought, do you know what?I'm proud of that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) \"B: (Laughter).\" This turn implies that B found something funny or amusing, but it does not provide any literal information or statement.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue indicates that PersonA likes spending time alone and enjoys the quietness of the early morning work?","answer":"3"}
{"text":["And now we'll go to another Dickerson. This is Brian Dickerson. He's a political columnist for the Detroit Free Press. And we're going to talk about Michigan. It is one of the key swing states in this election. Welcome to the program.","Thank you, Madeleine.","Well, both candidates have stumped a lot in Michigan, and is either candidate getting more traction?","Well, the most recent polls this week are a little mixed. But generally, the average of the reputable polls has been showing Obama steadily in front since about mid-June and picking up some momentum in the last two or three weeks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Well, both candidates have stumped a lot in Michigan, and is either candidate getting more traction?\" - This turn has a literal meaning and is also used with its actual meaning.","questions":"What is the topic of discussion in turn 0?","answer":"Michigan"}
{"text":["You know, I'm not sure exactly where the cuts will take place. I know they've got several issues in mind. I think it's definitely a reflection upon the times right now, and how difficult the environment is for financial service firms.","You wrote in your piece today that the bonus pool is still the sixth largest on record. How much money was it overall?","Overall, it was 18. 4 billion, but it was down from about 33 billion last year. So it's a decline, but it's still, like you said, the sixth largest, so there's been thoughts that the past compensations have gotten a little excessive. So there's definitely an argument that that was the case.","And all of this in the wake of a bonus scandal at Merrill Lynch. What's been going on there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The cuts will be significant and likely affect employees.","questions":"What will be impacted by the cuts?","answer":"Employees"}
{"text":["Well, they're very angry, obviously. I mean, in Argentina, they're already facing really very hard times. Inflation there is among the highest in the world. The economy is - you know, they've got this boom-and-bust economy that's right now in such a mess that the government very controversially decided to sign on to this huge $56 billion IMF bailout. There are strikes and protests over President Mauricio Macri's austerity program, regularly.","And right now, Steve, there's a very highly charged political environment - I mean, even more highly charged than usual - because presidential elections are coming up in October. Macri's fighting to keep his job in the face of a remarkable resurgence by the former president, Cristina Kirchner, who's running with her former cabinet chief, this time on a ticket to be vice president, despite a stack of corruption charges against her.","Plenty of debate to come on who can keep the lights on. Philip, thanks so much.","You're welcome.","NPR's Philip Reeves."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The situation in Argentina is very bad due to high inflation, strikes and protests, and the government's decision to sign a huge IMF bailout.","questions":"Which country is facing a difficult economic situation due to high inflation and a controversial $56 billion IMF bailout?","answer":"Argentina"}
{"text":["You know, it hurts them both because many of the voters just don't understand how this can be happening. They know the president wants it. They know the Senate majority wants it or says it wants it. But the Senate just can't muster even half its votes to do it, and they can't bring all the Republicans to bear on it. So something is not right. Either the mojo of the president isn't working or the mechanism of the Senate is not working, and to some degree, both are true.","Is there any reason why Democrats now might want to sign on to any kind of bipartisan health care effort when their own plan has been saved?","Yes, absolutely. The Democrats need to go forward with some kind of bipartisan solution because there are many real problems with the execution and the administration of Obamacare. Now, Patty Murray, the senator from Washington state, has been working with Tennessee's Lamar Alexander in the Senate. And he's a Republican. He's the chairman of one of the committees that's relevant here.","And, of course, a lot of the Democrats are aware of these shortfalls. And there are counties with only one insurance company and counties where it's not clear there are going to be any insurance companies. And some of that's been overblown, but there are real problems. And, of course, any bill, any large program, any law needs to be revisited and amended, and the parties need to get together to do that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that Democrats might not be interested in a bipartisan effort since their own plan has been successful.","questions":"Which party's plan has been saved?","answer":"Democrats"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Spies try to protect America from its enemies, but does that mean spying on friends too?The steady drip of intelligence leaks from former NSA contractor Edward Snowden continues with the revelations that the National Security Agency tapped the mobile phone of German Chancellor Angela Merkel. The Guardian newspaper broke the story this week and also reported that the U. S.  spy agency intercepted 70 million phone calls and text messages in France. Now, the response from Germany and France has been swift, and as you might imagine, sharp. Laurent Fabius, the French foreign minister, called the spying shocking and unacceptable. He told Le Monde: We cooperate in the useful way in the fight against terrorism but that does not justify everything. P. J. Crowley is a former U. S.  assistant secretary of state for public affairs. He joins us in our studios. Thanks so much for being with us.","P. J. CROWLEY: Pleasure to be here, Scott.","Are Germany and France shocked, shocked like in Casablanca, or are they truly surprised?","There's scambling(ph) going on here, yes. I mean, Europeans have a different view of privacy than Americans do. So, I think there is a difference of attitude or perspective on this. That said, I don't think it should shock anyone that governments spy on each other.","Well, but these are allies."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"There's scrambling going on here\" - The speaker is not referring to actual physical scrambling. Instead, the speaker is using a figurative language to describe the reaction of the European countries to the news.","questions":"Which word describes the reaction of European countries to the news in turn 3?","answer":"Scrambling"}
{"text":["Is this a book about how someone becomes a terrorist?","In part. I talk about this as a sort of - as a Genesis moment for the book. But I remember distinctly I was watching this interview with a foreign affairs expert. And it was in the wake of the - there had been these sort of protests in an Afghan village against the U. S.  military presence in Afghanistan.","And the interviewer's question was something along the lines of, why do they hate us so much?And as part of his answer, this expert noted that sometimes the U. S.  forces have to go conduct these nighttime raids in these villages. And when they do this, they'll sometimes have to hold the women and children up at gunpoint. And they'll tear the places apart. And then he added, you know, in Afghan culture, this sort of thing is considered very offensive.","And I thought, you know, name me one culture on earth that wouldn't consider this sort of thing offensive?And so part of the book is - has to do with this idea that we all suffer the same way, and we become damaged by suffering in the same way regardless of which part of the world we grew up in or what we believe."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning: The expert states that in Afghan culture, the described actions are perceived as highly offensive. The implied meaning: The expert implies that such actions are universally considered offensive and not limited to Afghan culture.","questions":"Which culture does the expert imply also considers the described actions offensive?","answer":"Universally"}
{"text":["What a coincidence. Serendipity.","Absolutely. So this is a very festive lab and we asked if they would look into this and they did, several times over, for us. And so we have the results on Video Pick of the Week is originals of our sample size of one - we should be clear - experiment into this.","Right. And you found that if you out enough - spike your eggnog enough, should we. . .","Well, yes. So you can go to our website for the recipe. But after - the key to this, and actually, we'll have - let's have Vince Fischetti, sort of, give us a little background."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is expressing surprise and amazement at the coincidence.","questions":"Which word did the speaker use to describe the lab?","answer":"Festive"}
{"text":["He was all those things. I. . .","Did his brother's death, in a sense, liberate him to seek a new identity, to travel, to get to know and reflect the world?","I think that shook him deep to his soul. But I think the other thing that happened was his father's stroke. He had to get his father off his back. Joe Kennedy Sr.  was a formidable but, I think, menacing figure in his life who took a sweet, young seventh born who he had called a runt and encouraged him to become tough and ruthless - first a jock at Harvard, getting his letter with a broken leg, and then becoming this enforcer for his brother.","That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid. As a kid, he was - he hung around all the time with African-American kids. Those were his playmates, even in Hyannis. He was - he, you know, Father Feeney - when Father Feeney said no salvation outside the Catholic Church, he railed against that, which was so extraordinary in that very Catholic family."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : I think that shook him deep to his soul. But I think the other thing that happened was his father's stroke. He had to get his father off his back.  The literal meaning would suggest that the person was deeply affected by something that shook them to their core and that their father had a stroke. However, the implied meaning suggests that the significant event had a profound emotional impact on the person, causing them to reassess their relationship with their father and seek some kind of liberation from his influence or control.","questions":"What did Bobby have to do after his father's stroke?","answer":"Father"}
{"text":["An so he went from - on Sunday on his Facebook page saying, well, I misspoke. I got the wording wrong, which is something he repeated again today.","Yeah. Well, that plus. He's gotten just increasingly - because as the pressure has mounted - and it's been fascinating to watch the responses from the congressmen, from the Republican Party, from Governor Romney and his running mate. As the public outrage on this has mounted, their apologies have become increasingly full-throated so that, as you mentioned, the congressman started out with I misspoke, like that's a little bit of a bizarre concept. Misspeak is when you accidentally picked the wrong word or say President Clinton when you meant President Obama. This was not misspeaking. As I wrote, this was mis-thinking.","And then similarly, you saw Governor Romney. His campaign several hours after this broke managed to choke out a press release comment saying that the governor and Congressman Ryan disagree with this view. And by morning, disagreement had become finding it offensive and unacceptable. So it's sort of a classic political story of how candidates follow the public polls.","And his colleagues - his would-be colleagues in the United States Senate, basically, as you said, throwing him under the bus."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : very enjoy am very nice feelvery enjoy am very nice feel","questions":"How did the congressman initially respond to the controversy?","answer":"Misspoke"}
{"text":["I'm not so sure that it was missed, per se. I think it's been there at the forefront of the news for a really long time. I just don't think that we saw the potential that it would impact the election in the way that it did, insofar as it's tied up in these other economic and social struggles that are occurring within the same communities.","And to be clear again, you're not saying that people that have a problem with opioids or drug or alcohol voted for Donald Trump so much as people who live in those communities that have been affected by it statistically in your study voted for Donald Trump.","Well, that's right. And I can't say necessarily who voted for Donald Trump, but we have to remember that addiction and depression and these diseases and deaths of despair go far beyond the individuals themselves who are affected by them. They affect friends and family members and coworkers and first responders and service providers and employers in communities who are dealing with the struggles of these and experience the same sort of frustration and anxiety that are associated or wrapped up within diseases and deaths of despair.","You conclude your study by - I believe the quote is community level well-being played an important role in this election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : saying that the effects of addiction, depression, and other diseases go beyond the individual, which is not the same as the actual meaning of the statement which is that people in these communities dealing with the struggles of these issues experience the same kinds of frustration and anxiety.","questions":"How did the statement clarify the impact of addiction and depression on the election?","answer":"Frustration"}
{"text":["Might give them a viral moment on YouTube.","It could, indeed, give them a viral moment on YouTube. So that's part of the game that's being played. But what the Democrats are trying to do here is educate the public about what this president did and how he did it. And they've got a witness who has impeccable credentials. I don't think the Republicans are going to try to undercut this man. He is one of them. And he served his country. And he did this not because he was looking for a job. He did it because he thought somebody had to do it.","Well, let's get down to the prognostication part of this conversation. Robert Mueller has been pretty plain about how he doesn't want to testify and has nothing to say beyond the report. Do you support his logic?","Well, you know, there've been some very powerful commentary about his position. A former deputy solicitor general, deputy attorney general, a fellow by the name of Donald Ayer wrote a rather sharply worded piece kindly but clearly saying that Mueller had a duty to actually go beyond the four quarters (ph) because of what's happened. Attorney General Barr has tried to discredit his work. He's actually belittled his work. And as Ayer says, you know, this man's got to step up and defend his work and not be rolled over. I think he'll do that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : to be rolled over means to step aside and the narrator is suggesting that the man needs to defend himself.","questions":"Which idiom did the narrator use to suggest that the man needs to defend himself?","answer":"Rolled-over"}
{"text":["Congress looked like they might get some kind of deal on immigration this past week. Didn't happen. What did happen?","They had a big sit-down meeting among all the House Republicans, and they talked about a deal, but they didn't reach one. The problem is that one faction within the House Republican caucus wants to protect the DREAMers, the people in the U. S.  illegally who were brought here as children. The other faction at the opposite end of the spectrum opposes anything they see as amnesty. And they want full funding for Trump's border wall with Mexico and a number of other changes to current law on legal immigration as well.","So it's not clear how much of that can get worked out, even among House Republicans, let alone with the Senate or the president.","I have to ask, how does the director of the Environmental Protection Agency, Scott Pruitt, hold onto his job?It seems like every few hours, there's charges of some kind of new ethical infraction. Yeah. I mean, he would have been let go from a greeter position at Walmart by now."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The House Republicans have conflicting views on illegal immigration and the border wall, making it difficult to reach a deal.","questions":"Which political group opposes anything they see as amnesty?","answer":"Opposes"}
{"text":["Mr.  O'HARROW: No one seems to know exactly how much money will be spent through contracts, but it's going to be a considerable amount. When you hand out money quickly without setting up good terms of contracts and without having mechanisms to follow the money as it's spent to ensure that taxpayers get what they're paying for, you're going to have waste, and that's going to be what you'll get at best. At worst you'll have fraud and corruption.","Now, the Democrats who are in charge of this bill, some of whom have written this bill like David Obey, chair of the House Appropriations Committee, says we have a lot of monitoring built into this bill, and even so, we need to act very, very quickly because this is an emergency.","We've got more oversight built into this package than any package in the history of man. If money is spent badly, we want to know about it so we can hold accountable the people who made that choice. And guess what. Regardless of what we do, there will be some stupid decisions made.","David Obey, chair of the House Appropriations Committee. Well, Robert O'Harrow of the Washington Post, what do you say to that?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Handing out money quickly without good contract terms and mechanisms to follow the money will lead to waste, fraud, and corruption","questions":"Which committee chair is referenced by PersonB in turn 3?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Absolutely not. In fact, the people of my state should know we are doing everything in our power to defend them. If it comes to a legal fight with the Trump administration, we're prepared to have it. I've had some experience with taking on the Trump administration litigation. We have yet to lose a case yet, and I don't plan on starting with this issue.","Attorney General Bob Ferguson of Washington state, thanks so much.","Oh, thank you, Scott. Have a great day.","And we contacted the Department of Justice for comment on Mr.  Ferguson's remarks about Attorney General Sessions. We have yet to receive a response."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A: Oh, thank you, Scott.Have a great day.","questions":"How did PersonA bid farewell to Scott?","answer":"Great"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, Jodi came to me very strongly. Before I even realized that I was writing a book, I was hanging out with Jodi. And she kind of took up residence in my mind. And I became a little infatuated with her. I started thinking about her all the time. And then the plot and the rest of the story sort of fell into place. I really, actually, kind of felt like I was getting to know her. And so it was a process of realizing what she had been through.","Well, Jodi - without giving too much away - gets out of prison. She meets an interesting woman, Miranda, who has three children, a failing marriage to a has-been country singer and an addiction. What draws them to each other?","She's just gotten out of prison. And she knows, in many ways, that taking up with Miranda is a bad decision. I mean, she kind of looks at her the first night that they're hanging out and tells herself, don't do this. But at the same time, she's drawn to her. I mean, she's physically attracted to her.","But she's also, I think, attracted to the fact that Miranda is bound and determined to enjoy life despite everything that's going wrong. So it's this sort of love of life and determination to make something joyful out of life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A women should not associate with a women expect as a friend","questions":"How does Jodi initially feel about getting involved with Miranda?","answer":"drawn"}
{"text":["Eastern Congo may be the most dangerous place on Earth, and it's getting worse. A rebel army is moving on the biggest city, Goma. Hundreds of thousands of people are running for their lives. This is the region of infamous ethnic killing between the many people who call themselves Hutus and the far fewer Tutsi.","Hez Holland is a correspondent with Reuters. He's been reporting from Goma. He joins us now. Hez, welcome. And remind us, this is also a region of enormous wealth - timber and minerals. People have been fighting over it for a long time.","At least. It's historically been a curse, what with the mineral wealth and, as you said, the timber, has been something that has been fought over for - since the Belgians. It's always been a place where minerals have been extracted and exploited, and the people have always been just pawns in the great game of any kind of colonial power, really.","Well, now, there's this rebel group led by a man named General Nkunda. He is a former Congolese general. And it is moving on the city of Goma. What are you seeing there now?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The statement implies how resourceful and economically important Goma is, unfortunately it never served it purpose.","questions":"Which word describes the historical situation of exploiting minerals and treating people as pawns in the region of Eastern Congo?","answer":"Exploited"}
{"text":["Let me just unpack that. SIT: sexually transmitted infection?","Yes.","That's - okay. So, you've got a lot of diversity in the book, people of all races. Did you make a choice as to how to portray not just body size diversity of issue diversity, but also racial diversity?","Well, absolutely. I think that it's very important for a variety of reasons. Number one: Women need to be able to see themselves in print. So I made sure to include Asian women, Indian women, black, Hispanic women, white women, all shapes and sizes and all different types of bodies - not just super skinny, not just very large, but everybody in between: flat butts, big butts, big boobs, little boobs. . .","Everything's in \"Body Drama. \"And I did that because we want to see ourselves, but we're also really curious about what other people look like. And it's that information and acknowledgement that can really help us get over our own body drama, by seeing, oh, wow - I hear this from all the girls who look at the book. Oh, okay. My boobs aren't that bad after all.","And I'd take that to mean that women are sitting around looking in the mirror and then looking at the airbrushed magazines and looking at the surgically enhanced pornography. And when you see actual, real representations of bumpy nipples, of large areola, of imperfect sizes, where one is bigger than the other, then you can look in the mirror and say, all right. Well, actually, I am normal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B: Let me just unpack that.  Actual meaning: Let me clarify what you mean. Literal meaning: Let me take something out of a suitcase or package.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's statement about SIT?","answer":"Clarify"}
{"text":["All over. I was just meeting with a friend. I had served at the U. S.  Embassy in Mexico. She's here with a group of students and professors. I have just met recently a TV crew from Romania. Another one has come in from Serbia. And, of course, of special note, a number of journalists have come in from Kenya, where there's a very very big interest, obviously, for the roots of the candidate Senator Obama.","Well, tell us, what's drawing the other journalists?What is it that they're so fascinated by?","I think it goes back probably to the caucuses in Iowa in January, and it's just grown. Clearly, as the enthusiasm in the United States has grown, I think a lot of them are focusing on the young people so involved, but in general, the U. S.  public so involved in these elections and in these campaigns. And I think, in part, it is, the U. S.  does remain a certain kind of example in terms of democracy.","Well, I mean, is it fair to say that, were Barack Obama not in this race, there wouldn't be as much interest?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 'were Barack Obama not in this race, there wouldn't be as much interest' implies Obama is the main reason for the interest","questions":"What is the implied reason for the interest mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Obama"}
{"text":["Well, it's about four, five, six percent. But we also asked questions about whether or not people would change their minds. You can add an additional about 20 percent of voters who are picking a candidate in the month of September, but are still saying they might change their mind how they're going to vote. When you add those two numbers together, you get almost to a quarter of the electorate in Ohio that could change its mind between now and Election Day.","And the number one issue, as it is in many places in the country, the economy?","The economy is the number one issue. And one of the things that makes it very difficult for a candidate to campaign in Ohio is that when they come to Ohio to talk about the economy, they can't just talk about a single aspect. When you talk to folks in the northern part of the state, northeast Ohio which includes Cleveland, and northwest Ohio which includes Toledo, when you're talking about the economy there, oftentimes the discussion is about trade.","When you talk about the economy in southwest Ohio, which is the Cincinnati area, there's much less talk about trade, and more discussion about wages and the salaries that people are making. The southeast area of the state, which is also known in part because of the Appalachian history of that part of the state, has high unemployment. A number of counties in southeast Ohio have double-digit unemployment. Many people in that region are talking about and focused on unemployment, solely as their economic concern."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"talk about a single aspect\" - actual meaning: talk about a single element or component","questions":"How can a candidate talk about the economy in Ohio?","answer":"trade"}
{"text":["When you first started out, though, as - performing in those amateur clubs, what was that like?","It was great because it was new. You know, comedy in itself was illegal. We had a few satirists but no - first of all, there were no black comedians. I mean, as a black person you were lucky if you're allowed to speak, never mind tell jokes in public, you know?So we had a few white South Africans who challenged the status quo, guys like Pieter-Dirk Uys, who was a legend in the country, and he got arrested many times. You got arrested if you did that. So for us young-uns, we came up and it was just this free speech - we had verbal diarrhea, just run around and just, you know, I can say this now. I can say anything now and that's what we've been doing.","Where did you learn the technique though?","From my family. Storytelling is an African tradition. You know, you laugh. And if you look at it, the history of comedy has always been strongest amongst the nations who have been persecuted the most. In America, the stronghold of comedy was always amongst Jewish people. And that's what many Jewish families have said, is that without their food and their laughter, they wouldn't have gotten through what happened to them as a people, you know?And that's what happened to black people all over the world. As you learned to find joy in your pain, you know, that's where the music comes from. That's where the culture comes from. That's literally - with the oppression will come the laughter."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) A: \"You know, comedy in itself was illegal.\" - The actual meaning here is not that comedy was explicitly illegal, but rather that it was risky and subversive to use humor to challenge the oppressive status quo in a society where certain groups were not allowed to speak freely.","questions":"What was the risk of using humor to challenge the oppressive status quo in the society?","answer":"challenge"}
{"text":["No, no. I just - it's always - to me, it's just the joy of storytelling. And I don't think about it. Getting things in on time has never been a problem for me, so I don't worry about it. You know, I remember watching Morgan Freeman when he did the two Alex Cross movies. And he's so confident that he's going to knock the scene dead, and I'm really confident that I can tell a good story now, so I just don't worry about things.","James Patterson. His book for young readers: \"Middle School: How I Survived Bullies, Broccoli and Snake Hill\", co-written with Chris Tebbetts. His adult book, \"Second Honeymoon\", with Howard Roughan. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you. Nice talking to you.","You're listening to WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News.\" The literal meaning of this turn is that the person is informing the listener that they are currently listening to a radio program called WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. The implied meaning, however, is that this is a standard closing statement for the radio program, and it is used to signal the end of the program. It does not literally mean that the listener is currently listening to the program, as the turn can be heard at the end of every episode.","questions":"Which program does the turn \"WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News\" signal the end of?","answer":"WEEKEND"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Even the CIA's, like, getting this information. I imagine it's like the details that are the stuff that really make it pop, right?So can you give us an example of some of the details that you get about the personal life and interests of the dignitaries he may meet?","Sure. So as you can imagine, politics is about relationships and personalities. And so every leader has their own lifestyle, their own favorite things to do, their own personal interests. And so we endeavor to find out what those are. So for example, I'll take a meeting that happened between President George W.  Bush and Prime Minister Koizumi of Japan. Koizumi was a huge Elvis fan.","(Laughter).","And we learned that, and we knew that. And so the president decided, let's take Prime Minister Koizumi to Graceland. So they flew to Memphis. . .","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Knowing personal details about foreign dignitaries is important for diplomacy","questions":"Which meeting between leaders is mentioned as an example in the dialogue?","answer":"Bush-Koizumi"}
{"text":["Well, we had some great conversations about what it took to play the position. And you know, Bob Watson, who started out as a catcher, was one of the committee members. Phil Niekro, Bert Blyleven and Don Sutton, Pat Gillick, all pitchers, all Hall Famers, were really able to add a lot of insight to what it must have been like.","And the other - one of the main things we talked about was just how they played much shorter schedules in the 1870s. So when you look at career statistics, that's a huge distortion. Deacon White ended up with 2,000 career hits, but he was playing in a - in an average of 40, 50, 60-game schedules a year. So there was no way to generate the kind of career milestones that we look at as benchmarks today. You know, 3,000 hits would be all but impossible. And 2,000 was a terrific accomplishment.","And the number of errors he recorded even as a great defensive catcher would have been, you know, totally unacceptable by today's standards.","Oh, exactly. Yeah. And again, an issue where we had to really sort of look at what - compare him to people from his own era. And when we did that, you know, it became really obvious just how much he stood above his contemporaries.","Are the records from those days good enough that you have reliable accounts of who was good and who was great?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Shorter schedules in the past distorted career milestones and accomplishments.","questions":"How did shorter schedules in the past affect career milestones?","answer":"Distortion"}
{"text":["I don't think that the Russian trolls sitting in a factory in St.  Petersburg have First Amendment rights to communicate without restriction on Facebook. I don't think that's the issue here. The question is are we being reasonable when we expect an open platform like this to be able to wholly protect us from being exposed to that kind of information?But I do worry about overreacting to this threat of propaganda. And I do think that on some level we have to trust our citizens to be able to separate fact from fiction.","Do you have any words for Americans who support free speech but don't know where to turn and who to trust on social media?","Well, one of the things that's been encouraging in the last two years is how much Americans have turned to more trusted sources of news. People really are looking for more reliable news sources. And that's a positive development. It's never been easier to find good, responsible, interesting news. It's never been harder to avoid the bad stuff. So, I just think that what we really need to be teaching here is citizenship and judgment. And I do have some faith in the American people that they're going to figure this out.","Ben Wizner, who's director of the ACLU's Speech Privacy and Technology Project, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A believes that Facebook should be responsible for protecting people from propaganda, but not necessarily limit free speech. 2. A believes that people should be able to distinguish between fact and fiction on their own.","questions":"Which organization does Ben Wizner direct for the ACLU?","answer":"Speech"}
{"text":["Well, what would that serious diplomacy look like?I mean, I - the United States would have to - what?- accept a. . .","It's a fair question, you know, why diplomacy would work now when it's failed in the past. I think that the breakout is a game-changer for the United States because we're directly - become directly vulnerable to North Korea. But it's also a game-changer for China because they'll either - they'll have to live with the strategic consequences of a breakout, which could - are unknown. South Korea could reassess its non-nuclear status.","So I think the conjunction of factors that we can bring China into play would have the goal of obtaining a nuclear - a freeze to lock in North Korea at its current level of capabilities. And for China - I think the conjunction of factors is that for China, they would retain their buffer in North Korea. And they would prevent these adverse strategic consequences. North Korea would maintain its minimum deterrent, and the regime would remain in power. For the United States, it would prevent this breakout, and it would offer us a not-great narrative. But we would say that this is an interim agreement toward the long-term goal of denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula.","Well Mr.  Litwak, in the minute we have left, can you really trust any - the process of reaching or signing any agreement with a regime like North Korea's?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : North Korea's nuclear capabilities pose a direct threat to the United States.","questions":"How does North Korea's nuclear capability affect the United States?","answer":"Threat"}
{"text":["Do you have any concern, Mr.  Levin, that if some of these alternatives you're talking about are used more frequently that you might have a situation where - and I'll be apocryphal here - a white college kid with access to means and a good lawyer can get a very light sentence and a kid from the inner city that lacks both will still have the book thrown at him.","Well, you know, that is an interesting question because this decision by the attorney general was one based on discretion. The public has as very low opinion of elected officials and so it's certainly the case is if you don't think much of Congress, you wouldn't want Congress' judgment to be substituted for your own if you're on the jury, especially given that it's the jury that has access to the specific facts of the case.","And certainly, though, as you mentioned, race should absolutely not be considered and we need to make sure every offender has quality representation for those who have appointed counsel. Ideally, they could have some say in choosing their own counsel with some type of voucher or something so we can make sure they get vigorous representation in court, that evidence that may exonerate them is presented.","Marc Levin is director of the Texas Public Policy Foundation Center for Effective Justice speaking with us from Austin. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is expressing concern that the justice system might be unfairly biased against certain individuals based on their race and access to resources.","questions":"Which group is the speaker concerned might receive a lighter sentence?","answer":"white"}
{"text":["Oh, thanks. We're professional seguers here at NPR.","You took my breath away there.","Well, speaking of age, though, you're - you play a geezer in this picture.","Yeah, but I'm the youngest in the cast.","Really, I'm the baby."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : you took my breath away implies being very amazing, surprising and beautiful in view and performance. Not taking someone's breath or air by trying to suffocate them ","questions":"How did PersonA feel about PersonB's performance?","answer":"Amazed"}
{"text":["Well, I think on the third CD you definitely want to show some level of growth. I think your first album is your introduction. Your second album needs to show consistency. And your third album has to show growth in order for you to have a fourth album.","(Singing) You are a star, and you are perfect just the way you are. Keep on dreaming, keep on shining. . .","So, \"Keep On Dreaming,\" one of your songs, folds in the loop from Suzanne Vega's \"Tom's Diner. \"And you have echoes of songs by other artists throughout the CD, but not samples per se. Why did you choose that approach?","You know, I think people want to be able to hear something familiar while hearing something new. It kind of ties it all together, like the \"Tom's Diner\" sample, it's just, it's like, she managed to be able to convey a certain feeling just off a melody that she had. She didn't really even say anything, but \"duh duh da da, duh duh da da. \"You know what I'm saying?And I think that's something that I wanted to mimic in this song. It's not a lot of words, but it's really just a feeling that I was trying to convey."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The artist prioritizes conveying emotion over lyrics in their music","questions":"How does the artist aim to convey their message in \"Keep On Dreaming\"?","answer":"Feeling"}
{"text":["I - and I have to ask you in the - I'm afraid - half-minute we have left, do you have any idea, Mr.  Driscoll, how much the NRA has been supported by Russia?Aren't they trying to use the NRA to influence or to promote gun violence or division?","I'm not aware of that thread of the story from where I sit. I know that's been a popular speculation in the media. But I have not seen any evidence of that. But, again, you know, I assume others will look into that and see if there's anything there. But I haven't seen it from where I sit.","Robert Driscoll represents Maria Butina. Thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker believes that there is no evidence of Russia supporting the NRA.","questions":"What does the speaker know about the speculation regarding Russia's support for the NRA?","answer":"Nothing"}
{"text":["Yeah, bubbly jock. And an owl is a hoolet. And that, again, is based on the sound that it makes. And - but my favorite is a wood pigeon, is a cushie-doo.","That is an absolutely dead-on approximation of its sound.","Isn't it lovely?So a frog is a puddock and sparrow is a speug. So I've never used speug in a sentence, but when I was a boy, we used puddock. So I don't go around trying to convince everybody that my culture's better than theirs, but sometimes it suits my face better. It sits nicely in my mouth.","And explaining your culture, it goes with the way you do your material. You don't tell jokes, per se."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : material in this context means the way someone performs","questions":"Which word describes the way someone performs?","answer":"Material"}
{"text":["The death toll in Sudan has risen sharply. A doctors group there now says more than 30 people were killed and hundreds wounded when the military fired on a sit-in outside the defense ministry. Pro-democracy protesters want a new government in Sudan. They have been negotiating with the military. In a televised statement, the military said now all agreements are off, and elections will happen within nine months.","Joining us now is Nima Elbagir. She is senior international correspondent with CNN. She was in Sudan not long ago, and she joins us now from London. Thanks so much for being with us this morning.","Good morning, Rachel.","Nima, I understand you're in touch with people in Khartoum. What are you hearing now that this violence has happened?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The military opened fire on peaceful protesters resulting in numerous deaths and injuries, causing political instability in Sudan.","questions":"How did the military respond to the negotiations with pro-democracy protesters in Sudan?","answer":"Fired"}
{"text":["So in your polling, in your research, do you find that it's going to come down to maybe a couple thousand votes from these unaffiliated voters and on what issues?Or will they vote?","It is likely at the moment to be a very narrow victory. President Bush won in 2004 with five percent. That was 100,000 votes. In other words, if it is one percent, that would be 20,000 votes, and right now, the polls are moving around in just single percentage points. So it could be that narrow.","Now, I have read that Colorado is going to be this year's Florida and Ohio, that this is going to be the state that decides the election.","I think it could be, and the interesting thing is that Obama and Palin were both in Jefferson County a couple of days ago, indicating that there may be actually even a county that could be looked at to be beyond an entire state."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meaning of the turn is different from its literal meaning. The turn is using a hypothetical scenario to explain how a narrow victory in the upcoming election could be possible based on current polling data.","questions":"What is the turn in the dialogue using a hypothetical scenario to explain?","answer":"Narrow"}
{"text":["Are there specific goals you all are trying to achieve in terms of advancing one policy or another?","Yeah. So the overarching mission is really to support science for the public good. I think it's really important to say that when politicians attack science, it's not necessarily across the board. It's certain types of science. So if you look at climate change or public health, they're under attack from certain groups because, you know, they involve regulation or some businesses have an interest in them or there's some political thing to be gained for them. And so what we will be doing after the march is putting out a policy platform on all of these specific areas.","Is that a little like herding cats?I mean, I'm guessing the scientific community (laughter), like any other, is hardly monolithic in what it thinks is the way forward.","Well, this is what we have to do. Right?So if, at the end of the day, we get bogged down in research grants, we get bogged down in having to write the next paper - but we do science 'cause we care about improving society. And if that's what it takes for us to really, you know, bring all of these diverse voices into the room and figure out, you know, how we can be unified and how we can be a political force, that's where we're at at the moment. And we're going to push for that hard after the march."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The implication of this statement is that it will be difficult to reach a consensus among the scientific community due to their diverse opinions","questions":"How does PersonA describe the scientific community's opinions?","answer":"Diverse"}
{"text":["A clever grounds crew can mean a difference in close games, can't it?","Oh, definitely. Well a grounds crew can tailor the field in very small ways that might impact the outcome of the game. You know, gone are the days of legendary Kansas City groundskeeper George Toma and his ilk - the (unintelligible). They really would tailor the fields in unbelievable ways. They would tilt the foul lines in a certain way so that bunts wouldn't roll foul. They were harden the turf to make it more difficult for players to slide if they didn't want the opposing team to slide.","Nowadays, uniformity is really something that is mandated by Major League Baseball. But there are still small ways. I visited with Trevor Vance, who's the head groundskeeper for the Kansas City Royals. And this was during 2015 - the year they would ultimately win the World Series. And he talked about how he made the infield play very fast - you know, shorter grass - because they had young, athletic infielders. And they felt that that was an advantage for them because they knew that their guys could get to the ball. And the other team probably couldn't.","There's so much joy in your book. But I have to ask, are there bad memories, if not ghosts, at the New Orleans Superdome?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing frustration or dissatisfaction with their current experiences using crowdsourcing platforms like AMT and is looking for ways to improve their outcomes.","questions":"How might the speaker be feeling about crowdsourcing platforms like AMT?","answer":"Frustration"}
{"text":["I think one of the reasons, Tony, that we're seeing so of many of these come to light has, really, nothing to do with the fact that people are being - that this is happening more often so much as it is the fact that people are just paying attention to it more. You know, you watch the news and somebody says, oh, there's a stolen car ring. Now, all of a sudden, everybody's watching for people breaking into cars. Well, people break into cars every day. But when you hear about it on the news, people start paying attention.","There have always been Ponzi schemes. This is not new. This has been going on forever. It has been happening to investors. It'll continue to go on, but we're just aware of because the Madoff scandal was so large and so visible.","You know, it's funny. I was listening to your description of the Ponzi scheme - as our time is running out - and I couldn't help but think that there must be somebody listening to your description who is saying, wow, the stimulus package, that sounds like a Ponzi scheme to me.","The government covering its own losses by printing more money back, which covers losses in which it prints more money. Hey, you know, you could make that - I'm not going to make that argument, but somebody might."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Ponzi schemes have been around for a long time and will continue to exist.","questions":"How long have Ponzi schemes existed?","answer":"Long."}
{"text":["The show was political. I mean, it didn't shy away from really difficult issues, took sharp aim at President Trump on several occasions. Did that play into Netflix's decision to cancel it, do we have any idea?","I don't get any sense that Netflix canceled it over the political content. If anything, the political content is one of the reasons why they treated this cancellation a bit differently and a bit more gently than they ordinarily do - because there were not a lot of shows out there about a Latin American family with a predominantly Latinx cast dealing with these issues about immigration, LGBTQ issues. You know, every episode has some kind of hot-button subject. You know, one of the characters is a recovering alcoholic. Another has PTSD from serving in the military. So it touched on a lot of things.","And that was one of the things the audience loved about it. I don't think, based on a lot of the other content Netflix has, that that would have been a reason to get rid of it. I think it was purely a financial decision or, you know, whatever the finances actually were.","And the show can't just get plucked up by someone else."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Implicated meaning: The political content of the show may have played a role in its cancellation by Netflix.","questions":"Which topic did the show touch on which one of the characters has?","answer":"Alcoholic"}
{"text":["And what they're suggesting is that you can lose spin from the Earth-moon system and transfer it to the sun-Earth system. And it's a very complex calculation. I mean, it's not just trivial that it took 30, 40 years to figure this out. But once that is on the table, and you say hey, I can start with an Earth that's spinning with a period of two hours, now you have an Earth, that if you were to look at this - and you can download the simulations from Science magazine - and you can see that - or from Harvard - and you can see that this Earth looks kind of like a muffin.","It's spinning so fast, it's got kind of a two-to-one axis ratio. And so their solution is hey, I can make the moon out of Earth's mantle, I'll just sort of hit it with a tiny projectile - you know, not tiny but much smaller than we thought previously - so Theia becomes smaller.","And you hit it, and off of the equator of this rapidly spinning muffin comes this stuff, and it's mostly Earth's mantle.","Little muffin that becomes the moon."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The moon was once a part of the Earth.","questions":"How was the moon formed?","answer":"Mantle"}
{"text":["Hi, Tony. How are you?","Listen, people define hate groups in different ways. So two things for you, how does the Southern Poverty Law Center determine if an organization deserves this classification, and what kinds of groups are we talking about here?","Basically, our definition of a hate group is a group which in its platform statements or in the speeches or writings of its leader says that an entire group of other people by virtue of their group characteristics is somehow less. So in other words, a group that says, you know, all black people are criminals, all white people are blue-eyed devils, all the Jews are whatever, is a hate group by our definition.","Are we talking then about the Klan, Nazi skinheads, something different and new perhaps?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Blue-eyed devils\" isn't literal. something people might say to indicate they think white people are evil. But they don't have to have blue eyes or be literal devils.","questions":"What is an example of a group characteristic that a hate group might use to classify an entire group of people as somehow less?","answer":"Group"}
{"text":["Sort of the intellectual or business father of this. But he himself did not survive. But the practice did survive. And I want to ask for some distinctions here. You have different terms in the book, slaves, indentured servants and what you call free willers. I'm intrigued by the concept of a free willer. Who were they, and what did they get from essentially putting themselves in servitude?","Well, that's what they got. They put themselves in servitude. They were desperate. They were poor people or people who didn't have enough money to pay for the trip to America. They wanted a new life. They hoped that they would get one in America. And so they signed themselves away, their freedoms away, as indentured servants to pay for their passage. And that would be for anything between three and 11 years, usually. Now most of them, initially, didn't survive more than a couple of years.","The first - the average, I think, lifespan of a new indentured servant in the 1620s was probably two years. So these were - they were called at the time free willers because they went of their free will, and so many others didn't go of their free will. They were sent there. They were sent there in chains. They were sentenced to go there. They weren't free at all. Well, nor were these people. So that's the free willers. They are indentured servants.","What about the relationship of the white indentured servants to the African or African-descendant slaves?How did they get along, and how did the people who were essentially their masters treat them differently, if they did?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The 'free willers' were actually indentured servants who sold their freedoms in exchange for a trip to America.","questions":"What did the 'free willers' exchange for a trip to America?","answer":"Indentured-servants"}
{"text":["The regulations and the oversight that was put in place was relatively minimal because this was going to be such a small endeavor. It was going to be a small-scale experiment for 100 schools. Well, guess what?We have 1,300 charter schools today. And we have a law that doesn't actually account for the scale of that.","That's LA Times reporter Anna Phillips. She's been investigating loopholes in California's charter school system. What she discovered is a fragmented and decentralized regulating system. In Los Angeles, Phillips encountered a case in which a wealthy Beverly Hills couple made millions of dollars by simply turning to a different school district whenever their charter schools came under scrutiny.","These charter schools had been set up as nonprofits that were publicly funded. But if you looked right kind of on the outskirts of them, the couple that had started them had essentially created a series of businesses or nonprofits that were doing business with their own schools. So for instance, this couple rented a lot of their own properties they owned. They were their own landlords.","They owned buildings that then they rented to the schools, so they were getting that income.","Exactly. And there were other ways they were getting income. The woman who ran these schools, her husband was hired on as a project manager for about $500,000 to oversee the construction of a new campus. When they wanted to bring in cafeteria meals for their students, they hired one of their own organizations. So this was public money that was coming into these schools, but the couple that ran them was financially benefiting from it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"loopholes in California's charter school system\" - The literal meaning of \"loopholes\" is gaps or flaws in a system or law that can be exploited. However, the implied meaning is that the charter school system in California has structural weaknesses that allow for abuses and inconsistencies in regulation.","questions":"Which system has structural weaknesses in California?","answer":"system"}
{"text":["Why they're talking about it is because they feel they have to talk about it. The government of Bangladesh wants the bulk of these people to return. They also would be feeling some domestic pressures in this area, as well. And the government of Burma, I think, is feeling some of the pressure from the international community and feels some need to be responsive. But the real story here is this is horrifying, this discussion, to be taking place right now, given the complete absence of measures in place to ensure safety and security upon return.","As I understand it, the Rohingya, according to this agreement, will be moved from the camps in Bangladesh to a camp in Myanmar where there could be security concerns.","Oh yeah, there are no safeguards in place. There - been no serious discussion of safeguards for return. You have to realize that we're talking about one of the greatest crimes in recent memory - massive abuses, forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of people in a matter of weeks.","There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N.  official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There have been no serious discussions of safeguards for the return of the Rohingya, despite their forced relocation and massive abuses.","questions":"How have the discussions been regarding the safety and security of Rohingya return?","answer":"absent"}
{"text":["In South America, a massive power grid serves Argentina and neighboring Uruguay, as well as parts of Paraguay. Tens of millions of people rely on that grid, until Sunday morning, when they could not. The grid crashed. Much of three countries went dark. NPR's Philip Reeves has been covering this story from Rio de Janeiro. Hey there, Philip.","Hi.","How did this unfold?","Well, it started, Steve, at around 7 in the morning. People were - woke up for, you know, what they hoped would be a nice, peaceful Sunday to discover that the power was out across almost all of Argentina, which is the second largest country in this region, and also in parts of neighboring Uruguay and Paraguay, which get electricity, as you mentioned, from the Argentine grid. Now, the impact would have been a lot worse on a working day, but big power cuts are always very serious matters."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Parts of South America experienced a major power outage.","questions":"What region was affected by the power outage?","answer":"South-America"}
{"text":["Well, let's talk about kind of the overview. So the goal of the ACA was to help the 37 million uninsured out there. And, yes, uninsurance rates have gone down dramatically or at historic lows. But I think a lot of things were unforeseen.","And the way some of the regulations were implemented are actually harming rural America and not fulfilling the ultimate goals of the ACA. And what I mean by that is half of those 37 million - the goal was to expand Medicaid and get those folks into a Medicaid program. We know that a lot of states have taken the Supreme Court up on its option of opting out of Medicaid. That has predominantly hurt rural America.","In fact, if you're a rural state, if you're a poor state, more likely than not, you have not expanded Medicaid. So we're seeing millions of folks left behind at that. Our concern is that since the ACA was passed, we've had an escalation of rural hospitals close. We've had 80 rural hospitals close since 2010. If this rate continues, in less than 10 years' time, we're going to have 25 percent of rural hospitals close within less than a decade.","Do you have any concern about the Congress repealing the Affordable Care Act - what's called Obamacare - without a replacement?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the implementation of the ACA has not achieved its goals as intended, as evidenced by the fact that many states have opted out of Medicaid, leaving many people uninsured and leading to an increasing number of rural hospital closures.","questions":"Which program was the goal of expanding Medicaid to get those folks into a Medicaid program for half of the uninsured population?","answer":"Medicaid"}
{"text":["Oh, there are lots of modern blunders but not all of them are brilliant.","To be brilliant, it has to be truly an epic blunder, is what you're saying.","Well, it has to be something that in one way or another leads to a real breakthrough. You know, this is how I define, you know, a brilliant blunder and not just something that is a big mistake. I mean there are lots of huge mistakes.","While I was writing this book, when people would ask me what is your book about, I said, you know, it's about brilliant blunders and it's not an autobiography."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : To be brilliant it has to be an extremely large blunder.","questions":"Which word defines a brilliant blunder according to A?","answer":"Large"}
{"text":["The big one was that they died of lead poisoning due to the canning of the canned tin goods. The problem with that - these guys hadn't eaten any tin food. It was only three months into their voyage.","It was a dire situation anyway you look at it. But, of course, in your book, it wasn't dire enough. You throw in an Arctic beast.","I do, an unexplained Arctic beast that we never see. And the reason for that is I wanted something to personify just the terror, the horror of the darkness, the five months of darkness, the terrible cold - 100 degrees below zero - the constricting ice that you had to listen to against the hull, you know, all the time.","What would be the best-case scenario for you if they find which ship it is?What would you like to know?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  B: \"It wasn't dire enough\" - The literal meaning suggests that the situation was not severe enough, but in the context of the conversation, it implies that the situation was already very dire, and adding an Arctic beast to the story made it even more terrifying.","questions":"How did PersonB perceive the situation described in PersonA's book?","answer":"Dire"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So what originally did the Consumer Product Safety Commission say was wrong with this stroller?","They were concerned about the front wheel of the stroller. It's a three-wheeled stroller, and they were concerned with the wheel falling off suddenly. It's attached to the stroller with a quick release, the same thing that attaches the wheels on bicycles. And so parents would be out running, jogging with their strollers, their kid in the middle. And the wheel would spontaneously fall off.","So the agency spent months investigating. And in 2017, they decided that Britax should recall the stroller, that it wasn't safe. And they even sued to try and force the company to recall the stroller. Tell us why that didn't happen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"So the agency spent months investigating.And in 2017, they decided that Britax should recall the stroller, that it wasn't safe.And they even sued to try and force the company to recall the stroller.Tell us why that didn't happen.\" is a question that asks for an explanation about why the company did not recall the stroller despite the efforts made by the agency. Its meaning is also clear and straightforward.","questions":"What did the agency decide in 2017?","answer":"Recall"}
{"text":["One day, Africa appears as a mass of crinkly brown veins. Another, it's become vivid streaks of orange and gold. Crimson and violet squiggles around Australia could be an abstract painting. It seemed that Commander Kelly never got tired of what he could see out the window and what he could make us see in an entirely new way. When the capsule bearing Kelly and cosmonauts Kornienko and Volkov parachuted to a landing in Kazakhstan earlier this month, that fantastic journey came to a close. Back home in Houston, Scott Kelly will be poked and prodded, weighed and measured, all in the name of science. And his terrestrial tweets now bring their own delights. He posted video of his first plunge into a pool.","Man, that feels good.","A few days later, there was Scott Kelly with his arms stretched overhead and a big smile, looking up at a dark sky.","My first rain in more than a year. Awesome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meaning of (2) is that Scott Kelly is expressing his joy and relief at being able to experience something he has not felt in over a year, ","questions":"What did Scott Kelly experience for the first time in over a year?","answer":"Joy"}
{"text":["We have what are called the three amigos. And the three amigos are Secretary Perry, again, Ambassador Volker and myself. And we've been tasked with sort of overseeing the Ukraine-U. S.  relationship.","ORDO\u00d1EZ: And mind you that all this is happening even as Trump and his officials are in the process of ousting the U. S.  ambassador to the Ukraine, who Trump recently called bad news.","What kind of reputation has Sondland built during his brief time as a diplomat?","ORDO\u00d1EZ: You know, in some ways, Sondland is kind of like Trump. He's a businessman. He made his name in the hotel industry. People I spoke to said he has kind of a similar brash personality - a wheeler, a dealer, someone with a lot of confidence. He's kind of a larger-than-life character. When he hosted an Independence Day celebration in Brussels, he actually brought in Jay Leno as entertainment."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The person makes a great many large financial deals and is loud and confident.","questions":"How would you describe Sondland's personality?","answer":"Brash"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Pope Francis issued what's called an apostolic exhortation this week called The Joy of Gospel. And in his exhortation, he upheld church teachings while signaling a new openness to conversation about change. Maybe most notably the pope criticized the way much of the world, including the United States, does business. He warned against what he called an economy of exclusion, arguing that the very structural causes of poverty must be addressed. We turn now to Father James Martin, a noted Jesuit and culture editor of the Jesuit magazine America. He joins us from Philadelphia today. Father Jim, thanks for being with us.","THE REV. JAMES MARTIN: My pleasure.","What's the pope exhorting his church to do?","Well, I would say in this document he's asking us to do three things. Number one, remember the importance of joy. When we preach the Gospel, he inveighs against sourpusses - that's the English translation."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : POPE ISSUED THE JOY OF GOSPEL AND HIS EXHORTION,AND TO REMEMBER THE IMPORTANCE OF JOY","questions":"What did the Pope issue in his exhortation?","answer":"Exhortation"}
{"text":["So not just a lost city, a lost civilization?","That's right. He emailed Michael back in Roatan, and I'll never forget we were returning from breakfast and this normally phlegmatic kind of skeptical scientist who is rolling his eyes at the whole idea that there is going to be lost city comes running out of his room, racing in his flip-flops, waving his arms and yelling, there's something in the valley. My God, I don't know what it is, but you've got to come and look at it. So we all went rushing over to this room and looked at these images. And I looked at them and I was actually thunderstruck myself. I mean, there is no mistaking what we were looking at.","We're talking with Doug Preston, an author and contributing writer at National Geographic, The Atlantic and Smithsonian magazines. He also writes for The New Yorker. \"The El Dorado Machine\" is in the May 6th edition. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And eventually, other target areas were also mapped and also revealed enormous structures - entire cities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A civilization that has become unknown to other civilizations over the years.","questions":"How would you describe the lost civilization mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"undiscovered"}
{"text":["Well, we think that the individual insurance markets need to be stabilized. There needs to be certainty. Right now, the insurance companies are putting together their plans for rating the 2018 insurance products, and they have no certainty from Congress regarding the support for insurance premiums for lower income people. Without knowing those, they don't know how to price their policies, and they're going to price them very high. So the bit - that's the biggest thing that needs to be addressed right now.","Dr.  Gurman, I move to ask you a question, both as a physician with a practice and the head of the AMA, how much time do you have to spend on matters that have nothing to do with medicine?","Well, unfortunately, a lot. We know from doing detailed studies where we actually follow doctors and minute to minute with a stopwatch find out what they're doing. The doctors are spending less than half of their time actually taking care of patients. So it's a big problem.","And how would you reduce that bureaucracy, though?Because, you know, bureaucracies run on (laughter) run on a paper trail in a sense."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B: The speaker implies that reducing bureaucracy is not as simple as just getting rid of paperwork, as bureaucracies are inherently reliant on established procedures and processes.","questions":"How is bureaucracy reliant on established procedures and processes, according to the speaker?","answer":"procedures"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely.","You know, like, what are some of the other barbecue don'ts that come up when all of you all get together?","I think hovering is a big one, people who want to jump on the grill before they've been invited to, people who think they're helping out by bringing a side of beef that they figure you have room on the grill to just add that into your menu, any kind of, you know, presumptuous guests.","What about some barbecue do's?Are there some do's that you wish people would do that they perhaps don't think to do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : don'ts  refers to unacceptable behavior and activities ","questions":"Which behavior is referred to as \"don'ts\" in the dialogue?","answer":"Unacceptable"}
{"text":["That's correct. Yes, well, the last thing we've heard it was just outside of Port Fourchon, which is at the lower end of LaFourche Parish. So the winds have been picking up a bit and that's what we're getting ready for here. So far, however, we are putting stuff up on the web and we haven't stopped all night.","I hear people on the radio behind you, you must be at a sort of emergency control headquarters or something?","No, no, not us; we're just communicating with our reporters. We have reporters out in different parts of the parish, and we're trying to keep in touch with them as we can, and get what information they're getting as travel with the authorities.","What are you going to do when your internet connection goes down?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker asks how they will communicate when the internet connection fails, implying that it will fail at some point.","questions":"How does the speaker imply the internet connection will fail?","answer":"Fail"}
{"text":["In the end, has the IMF been a force for good?What has it done that might otherwise not have been done?","You know, I think the comparison is with what happened in the '20s and '30s - that was a world in which we did not have a international lender of last resort. And it was a world in which countries went bankrupt. There was a massive retreat from globalization, countries lost confidence in the way the international financial system worked. And I think the proof of how valuable the IMF has been is the onward march of globalization.","But you're aware of the fact that when the IMF meets, there are going to be protesters outside who are saying that globalization is the problem.","Yeah and I think they're mistaken. They are objecting to some of the cultural consequences of globalization. But I don't think anyone can object to an institution that's committed to preventing people from going under."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  A: \"lender of last resort\" refers to a central bank or other institution that provides emergency funding to financial institutions or other entities in the event of a crisis. In this context, the IMF has been serving as a lender of last resort to countries facing financial difficulties, even if it is not a traditional central bank.","questions":"What does \"lender of last resort\" refer to?","answer":"Emergency"}
{"text":["Huge.","Bringing peace there. Is there - there are some similarities I would imagine with Rwanda.","You know, I haven't heard the organized ones like we did see there. But always I think, they've been the backbone of the country but always in the background, not even allowed to own property. And now with these new rights given to them, we're seeing some real, real progress.","So, Carl, for you, in a sense you could say that Rwanda was ground zero, but now you have expanded beyond there to continue your works around the world. Tell us briefly about that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the group of people they are referring to have been pivotal to the success of the country","questions":"Which group has been instrumental to the progress of the country?","answer":"Group"}
{"text":["That's right. And my experience has taught me that, first of all, the role of the diaspora is very important and what was also called sometimes the reversal of the brain drain, in the case of India, for example. I wish that many Somalis come back to Somalia to contribute to the rebuilding of the country. So I thought I should pitch my message to the community, in this case in Minnesota, and to appeal to their involvement so that we can sustain the progress that was made.","You gave this speech in Minnesota, where I understand your son has just graduated from high school. Congratulations. So what does he think of your advice to come home?","Of course I have made the appeal to him as well.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The brain does not reverse but  the person's opinions do change.","questions":"How does the brain drain reverse?","answer":"Opinions"}
{"text":["Of course.","Why if the students two were traveling in five buses - why the target was just two?And also, these two buses were exactly the two buses that the army and the Federal Police - start to monitor it since three hours before. I mean, these two buses were the two buses where the students were traveling from the school to Iguala. Why?So what I was able to found is that in these two buses were inside in secret parts of the bus. . .","The secret compartment.",". . . Yes - heroin - 2 millions of heroin. They. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Secret compartment where they stored the \"illegal stuff\" on the bus.","questions":"How was the \"illegal stuff\" stored on the bus?","answer":"compartment"}
{"text":["Absolutely. But on the other hand, you know, basically going toward an impeachment process without making sure that we have done our homework and have the case to win the approval of the American people and to get a conviction in the Senate may not be the best course. So right now. . .","But forgive - we just have half a minute left. Forgive - you and I always use baseball analogies. Are you essentially saying we're not going to begin the game until we know we can win it?","I think what I'm saying is we have to make sure that we go down the path where we can actually achieve the intended result. And right now, going into the impeachment process without having done all our homework is not what my constituents want. And I think that it's not necessarily the best course.","Representative Raja Krishnamoorthi of Illinois, thanks so much for being back with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's not a game. They mean they are not going to begin the impeachment unless they know they can succeed.","questions":"How do they refer to the impeachment process?","answer":"game"}
{"text":["The way I coped with these disasters was seeing myself as the hero of my own story and thinking oh, okay, in the story, the guy survives. He doesn't kill himself. He doesn't commit himself to a mental hospital. He actually survives and thrives and overcomes these obstacles.","And in addition to that, you've also had kidney problems, and you talk really frankly about just how much strength it took you to do really basic things because you were constantly dealing with your body rebelling against you.","Yeah, I'm going through that right now. I'm on the top of the list for a transplant now, and I don't really want a transplant right now because I'm doing all right. So at this point, I'm kind of bring it on. I'm just, you know, I can take it.","What about the good stuff?There are many good things in your life, and two of them are Eva and Chet(ph), your kids. What are they like?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"seeing myself as the hero of my own story\" is a metaphorical expression meaning to view oneself as the protagonist in one's own life story and to take control of the situation.","questions":"What literary device is used in turn 0 of the dialogue?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":["Yeah. And the police have actually been very open about this, and they've done a number of internal investigations. And they believe if everything had gone absolutely properly and correctly, they could've been there 16 minutes earlier. Part of the problem here, though, because they have taken something some - a fair amount of criticism I thought was unfair, They didn't have a plan for this because why would you?I mean, who sits around and dreams up a plan in a country with a miniscule violent crime rate to expect that someone's going to blow up Central Oslo and then drive out to a youth summer camp on an island and start gunning people down?","I mean, that's not going to rank high in the probability scale. There was a fair amount of distance to cover, and they had a problem with the boat. You know, I spent some time with a police officer named Hakon Hval, who was one of the first to respond. He had worked in that district, the North Buskerud District for, I believe, eight years at that point, and he'd never been to Utoya. There had never been a reason to go to Utoya. But he was driving one of the boats, and he turned to pick up some Delta commandos. And when they all got in the boat, the bow of the boat pushed out on some rocks and was grounded. So to get the bow up, they shuffled to the back and the stern just. . .","Flooded the engine, yes.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is unexpected for a country with low crime rate to experience such a violent crime","questions":"Which district did Hakon Hval work in for eight years?","answer":"North"}
{"text":["Well, first of all, we continue to ask for all options on the table because. . .","So you want it. You want that to be a potential.","We want all options on the table. We haven't asked specifically for military intervention. And the big difference is that you have to be responsible about this. Think of a Rwanda-style scenario. Think about when Maduro continues to murder more and more people. He has asked regime militia armed groups to repress peaceful protesters. So I think we have to be responsible about this approach. And that's precisely - we always ask for a peaceful and constitutional solution. In what other dictatorship do you see a national assembly, an interim president with the people asking for the regime to leave?","You were a political prisoner. What's this moment like for you personally?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A believes that Maduro's actions are similar to those in Rwanda and that a peaceful solution is needed","questions":"What does PersonA think about Maduro's actions?","answer":"Similar"}
{"text":["That's why things spin, hurricanes and. . .","Yeah. . .",". . . spin in one direction.",". . . why everything spins. And it has to do with the fact that the Earth is rotating. So it's a physics problem.","So tell us, describe. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Turn 1: \"spin\" is used as a general term to describe rotational movement, whereas its literal meaning is to rotate rapidly and smoothly around a central axis.","questions":"How is \"spin\" used in Turn 0?","answer":"general"}
{"text":["Yes, sitting out there frozen feet, but it was the best frozen feet I've ever had because of what of happened in front of me. Seeing him take that oath and just seeing the people in that crowd go crazy and all people in wheelchairs would never thought they would see this. Seeing their reaction and seeing the white people their reaction, seeing America and the whole world. I know they will have the same reaction. It's about time.","Here's another quick question for you. I would think, Patti, that UNCF would really stand to be a beneficiary of having someone like Barack Obama in the White House.","That's what I'm saying. And this show airs the same week that this greatness happened to America. And so now people will say, OK, let us help our kids so that they know that they can say I could become the next president.","Here's my last question. I know that you talked a little bit about Jennifer Hudson and she's about to make her first public performance at the Super Bowl."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : No one's feet were literally frozen, it just means that it was really cold outside and people's feet felt cold.","questions":"Which body part felt cold during the event described in turn 0?","answer":"Feet"}
{"text":["Is it in anyway because to a lot of people, the internet is a place?","It is. And when people sometimes say, I bought it on the internet, maybe they're thinking it's like, I bought in France.","(Laughter).","But it's not a place. It's a network of places. It's here. It's there. It's everywhere."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The internet is not a single, centralized location, but rather a decentralized network of interconnected devices that spans the globe. It exists everywhere and nowhere at the same time, making it difficult to define as a physical place.","questions":"What is the internet?","answer":"decentralized"}
{"text":["Yeah. And I had kind of come across this - oh, put that to one side - and once I did look into it, I couldn't put it down because it is dynamite. And it's based primarily - the starting point, the kicking off point is there was a secret cabal of British imperialists and colonialists that wanted to recreate the British Empire. And in 1891, they sat down in a caucus in order to make this happen, they would have to deal with the one emerging power, and that, of course, was Germany. Germany was at that time a rising power, industrialization and evermore world importance. And so the premise of the book is that there was a contrivance from 1891 right through 1914. And it is very, very meticulously documented as to how this was achieved.","Let me ask you about the fiction you've been reading now, including one - a series in which a taxi driver. . .","Oh. . .",". . . Not to my surprise whatsoever, is the hero."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is dynamite implies that the information is very surprising and important","questions":"What did the book contain?","answer":"Contrivance"}
{"text":["The economy is humming, but we may be hearing some sputtering as well. The stock market fell 3% this past Wednesday but later made back some of those losses. While in the bond market, a key marker of a coming recession has been playing out. Now the payoff for long-term government debt fell below the yield on short-term debt. So what are we looking for when the bell rings tomorrow?Catherine Rampell writes about economics for The Washington Post, and she joins me now. Welcome.","Good to be here.","So first off, I just want a gut check from you - Wall Street ups and downs, that warning flare in the bond market, but we're also seeing strong consumer spending at the same time. What is your take on these mixed indicators?","I think the story thus far has been there are warning signs out there. Consumers have been the strong point. Up until this week, however, there was a consumer sentiment number that it was at its lowest notching since, I want to say, six or seven months. So that does suggest that consumers may be wavering a little bit. I think the bigger picture, though, is the global risks essentially. So right now, we have something, like, nine major economies around the world either currently in recession or on the verge of recession, and you could imagine that there would be contagion effects."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There are not actual signs but instances that cause worry for the economy.","questions":"How would you describe the nature of the signs causing worry for the economy?","answer":"instances"}
{"text":["The director of the U. S.  Census Bureau, John H.  Thompson, announced his retirement this week in the wake of a disagreement with Congress over funding for the 2020 census. The census is conducted every 10 years. The results determine how many seats in Congress and electoral votes that each state receives, and it helps guide how more than $400 billion is spent each year on education, health and infrastructure.","We're joined now by Robert Groves. He's former director of the U. S.  Census Bureau. He's now the provost of Georgetown University. Mr.  Groves, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning. Great to be with you.","Congress has approved nearly $1. 5 billion to fund the census this fiscal year, and it's supposed to be the same for next year. Is that enough?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The census results are of great importance to the allocation of resources in the United States.","questions":"Which results?","answer":"Census"}
{"text":["About a year ago, my husband started getting Facebook friend invitations from like every girl he ever went to school with, and it seemed as if half of them confessed crushes on him.","Lissa Soep quickly figured out social networking sites not only allowed her to get back in touch with people - her husband could reconnect with folks from his past, too. But it turns out that's not all bad.","These were girls frozen in his memory with teenage breasts, AP English minds, and a sense that anything was possible. Like this one girl from seventh grade. She friended my husband on Facebook and then reminisced about the day his family moved away. She put on her favorite dress, painted her nails purple, and worked up all her courage to hug him goodbye. Isn't that so funny, she wrote. How silly we are as kids?","You think I'd be mad or at least threatened by all this nostalgia, but I wasn't. For a split second, at least, my husband was less familiar to me, and I mean that in a good way. With so many people my age riding Facebook like a time machine to our past lives and loves, you might expect the site would be breaking up marriages or at least unleashing all sorts of digital infidelity. Some of that is happening."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : crushes in this context means to like somebody.","questions":"How did the girls confess their feelings to PersonA's husband?","answer":"Teenage"}
{"text":["Thank you very much.","What is the mission of this March for Science?","I think the profession of science is under attack. And why is that happening?Because we've really ceded the floor. We haven't engaged in politics. We've left that open for politicians to come in and really hijack and obfuscate science for their own selfish needs.","When you say that science is under attack, to what degree should we read this march as a protest against Trump administration policies?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : When the speaker references the Trump administration policies, they are implying that the policies may not be informed by scientific evidence or research, and that the march is a protest against that.","questions":"What is the speaker implying about the Trump administration policies?","answer":"Uninformed"}
{"text":["It's a great legal strategy. You know, if Zazi didn't cooperate, he was going to be facing life in jail. The other options is to go to trial. And when you go to trial, universally you end up getting sentenced to a much longer sentence than you would if you cooperated.","Can you compare how we handle a case like this, which has to do with Islamist terrorism, with the domestic terrorism cases we've been hearing about recently?I'm thinking specifically about white supremacists. Does the government deal with them in the same way?","Yeah, in many ways they do in terms of cooperation. They don't in terms of charges. So you can charge an individual with material support to terrorism as it relates to ISIS or al-Qaida. You can't have that same statute when it comes to white supremacy. There isn't a parallel statute. For white supremacists, you know, they do flip a lot of individuals. But it's a different approach.","In this case, as you mentioned, they were able to put a lot of pressure to bear to get information, the names of people who were involved. Do you think that's happening with investigators who are dealing with the synagogue shooting suspect, for example?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Flip a lot of individuals does not actually mean they are physically doing a flip.","questions":"How does \"flip\" in turn 2 differ from its literal meaning?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Thank you. Great to be with you this morning.","Why do Republicans - who seem to believe gun laws would not reduce homicides because murders will still break the law to get guns - now seem to feel anyone's going to be deterred by a bump stock law?","Well, Scott, I think - well, we were all just horrified by the events of Las Vegas - I mean, so many killed and wounded. And you know, so of course our thoughts are with all of them and their families. But I think most of us are not only shocked by the event but shocked by the fact that somebody was able to convert, functionally, a lawful, legal firearm - or firearms into an illegal firearms, as far as I'm concerned.","I mean, automatic weapons in the United States have been banned for a very long time, as they should be. The fact that somebody can take a bump stock or some other type of device and functionally convert a semiautomatic into a fully automatic is more than concerning. And many of us believe that that must be outlawed. And. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : iteral meaning is different from its actual meaning. The actual meaning is asking for an explanation of why Republicans now feel a bump stock law is needed, while the literal meaning is asking why they seem to think gun laws wouldn't reduce homicides.","questions":"How did the speaker describe the conversion of a semiautomatic into a fully automatic?","answer":"Illegal"}
{"text":["And let's just say, it was a fishing expedition. It was financed by Trump's opponents in both parties. Some fishing expeditions do come back with fish. And if this one actually did and some of that finds its way into the hands of special independent prosecutor Bob Mueller's investigators, then the dossier might, in some sense, inform their questions about Russian interference because all of this was about Trump's ties to people in Russia.","Right. And those questions about Russian interference will also be front and center in the upcoming hearings that we mentioned for the tech giants - Facebook, Twitter and Google executives who are going to be before Congress over two days this coming week. What will they be grilled about?","You know, in recent days, we have learned a good deal more about how extensive the Russian involvement in social media was, particularly the number of ads running on Facebook and how they were targeted. And some of this was using some of the people in Facebook who work with advertisers - big advertisers - and who help you target exactly the people you're trying to reach.","So this might have been - it appears to have been one of the main ways in which these Russian elements were trying to put a big thumb on the scale in the 2016 election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Put a thumb on the scale: to take deliberate and unfair steps to influence the outcome of a situation.","questions":"How did the Russian elements try to influence the 2016 US election?","answer":"Social"}
{"text":["Winston Churchill, we always have to quote him once in a while, right?He said that jaw-jaw was better than war-war. And no matter how awful the war of words may get, it's only serious, really, if it leads to real war. And if North Korea is truly a nuclear power now, any thought of a military solution is somewhere between horrific and unthinkable.","And the Mueller investigation's widening?","We do see more evidence that the Mueller investigation thinks it has some kind of goods on Paul Manafort, former campaign chairman for Donald Trump. He also seems to think he can use whatever he has on Manafort to pry loose more stuff on other campaign figures. Is this going to reach the president himself?At this point, that does not seem to be indicated. But this probe is going to continue and get a lot more uncomfortable for the president before it's over.","NPR's Ron Elving. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Jaw-jaw is better than war-war meaning diplomacy is preferable to military conflict.","questions":"What did Churchill say was better than war?","answer":"Jaw-jaw"}
{"text":["In diapers, exactly. But the London police haven't quite given the final say-so on that yet. But, you know, there will be a lot of protests. That may upset the president. It's controversial, but the government insists, and the diplomats insist, that he's a vital part of nurturing a special relationship, which they insist is very good for the U. K.","Because he's not only going, he's getting literally the royal treatment.","Yeah. I mean, this is as good as it gets if you're a head of state coming to the U. K. It is bells and whistles. It's pomp and circumstance. It's a banquet at Buckingham Palace, although that seems to be being boycotted by Meghan Markle, the Duchess of Sussex, also by Jeremy Corbyn, the leader of the - of Her Majesty's Opposition, and Vince Cable, the leader of the Liberal Democrats.","But I don't think that's going to take the gloss off it too much for Donald Trump. He's someone who has made it very clear this is what he wants, and we're expecting him to look like he's lapping it up."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Bells and whistles means that everything that is expensive and fancy is being done.","questions":"How would you describe the treatment given to the head of state coming to the UK?","answer":"Expensive"}
{"text":["General, one other question. You have described your leadership style as preparing deeply, setting out a clear vision, then leaving your subordinates to figure out how to enact that vision. I'm thinking about the fact that as a Marine, your boss was - chain of civilian command - was the president of the United States and ultimately us, the people of the United States. If you look back at your career from 9\/11 to the time that you resigned as secretary of defense, did we collectively do that for you, prepare intensively, set out a clear vision and leave you to do your job the best you could?","Well, probably not in all cases. And I wouldn't expect perfection. I'd leave perfection to God. But I think we still have got to have a more rigorous establishing of strategy, a more clearly enunciated policy, something we can sustain from Republicans to Democrats, from Republicans to Democrats as we did during the Cold War. I think that the biggest challenge we face is in all the Western democracies - it's not just America, but in all the Western democracies, we don't study history in a way that we can apply it. And we are not rigorously applying ourselves to strategy. There's too much of a short-term view.","Jim Mattis is the author of \"Call Sign Chaos: Learning To Lead. \"General, thanks so much.","Thank you, Steve."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Preparing deeply implies doing lots of work and study on the topic.","questions":"How does General Mattis describe his leadership style?","answer":"Preparing"}
{"text":["I decided to take matters in my own hands and decided to raise the funds that I need to get the materials that the kids need. The budget wasn't going to change. The only thing is, it was going to get worse. I had decided that I should advertise on my test, and I said, well, if you would like to put a quote or an ad at the bottom of my test, then it'd be kind of a mutual - they help the kids, and then I help them get a little bit of PR out of it.","And so the parents, they responded well?","Absolutely. Back to school night, I had one parent give me a $100 check, and she said, I hope this gets you started, and I actually had a lot of good comments, saying that's very creative and thinking outside the box.","And I've actually gotten emails from parents and one from my school district saying, you know, I am glad somebody is finally speaking up and saying that parents are having a tough time footing the bill for things that should have been paid for through their tax dollars and paid through the school system.","And what did the kids says?I mean, aren't they kind of bombarded by advertising all day long when they are not in school?","They really like the quotes, and they actually look forward to them. I've had students say, hey, what's going to be the next quote, and I tell them, you have to wait."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : take matters in my own hands implies to deal with a situation personally ","questions":"Which phrase did PersonA use to describe the action of dealing with a situation personally?","answer":"Own"}
{"text":["Hello.","So, John, I've got my iPhone here. I downloaded this ap last night. Let's give it a little bit of a test run, and we should tell our listeners here, there's going to be a bit of an interference with the microphone.","But let's take the example that I just used and give it a shot. So, Thai food, Los Angeles. I say that into my phone. It does a little working and processing, and next thing you know, it's popped up a list of all of the closest Thai Restaurants to me with phone numbers. It's pretty cool. How does this work?","Usually pretty well. It's also one of my nightmare scenarios as a bicyclist that people like you will be driving all over the place looking at your iPhones."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : when something \"pops up\" in this context it means it came up","questions":"How did the phone display nearby Thai restaurants?","answer":"List"}
{"text":["You know, unfortunately, it's been demonstrated that there have been times when you have been personally dishonest during your time in office. So if voters highly value personal honesty, why would you be the right choice for them?","Well, I think that it's important to separate a mistake in life, which we all make. And, you know, I've come to believe that we all have feet of clay. We all wish we could rewind, play in a chapter of our life. The question is, is it a trend of continual misleading folks?Or is it an anomaly?And if you'd look at the whole of my life, what you'd see is the big standout is in 2009.","I think the question is, did I learn from it?Contrast it with the president has suggested in saying that there's nothing that he regrets. There's deep regret from my end, and I think what's equally telling is the people who knew me best, in the wake of that event, those very folks sent me to the United States Congress to represent them in Washington.","So you've made the debt and deficit your top reasons for challenging the president. So if it happens that either through your efforts or those of others, the president is not re-elected but let's say a Democrat who supports more expansive spending, for example, does win, will that have been worth it?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Feet of clay means a character weakness, and wishing one could rewind and play a chapter in your life means you wish you could re-live an event.","questions":"Which phrase describes a character weakness?","answer":"Weakness"}
{"text":["I want to talk about government response, first from President Nicolas Maduro, but also from Venezuela's opposition leader, Juan Guaido.","Well, Maduro's representative in Geneva has called it biased and incomprehensible, this report. But at the same time, the U. N. 's saying the Maduro government yesterday agreed to release 22 prisoners, including two pretty high-profile detainees at the request of Michelle Bachelet, the U. N.  high commissioner for human rights, who's the author of this report. Bachelet does seem to hold out hope of working with the Maduro government because it's allowed her organization for the first time in years to open an office in Venezuela, though we really don't know whether that will lead to anything.","As for the opposition, there've been demonstrations today in Venezuela which were originally about the death in custody of a naval captain. But the U. N.  report is very much also a theme. And Juan Guaido, leader of the opposition, has been talking to a crowd in Caracas, saying that the U. N.  has laid out what he's been saying for a long time now, which is that the Maduro government is a dictatorship.","That's NPR's Philip Reeves speaking from his base in Rio de Janeiro. Philip, thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Guaido sees the U.N. report as supporting his claim of dictatorship","questions":"What does Guaido interpret the U.N. report as?","answer":"dictatorship"}
{"text":["Several of them. I mean, Espanola had only 14 individuals left in the 1960s, and then it was 12 females and two males. A third male was found in the San Diego Zoo and brought back to Galapagos (unintelligible) 1975. And there have now been about 2,000 young tortoises released back to that island through the reproduction program at the tortoise center here on Santa Cruz.","The same holds true for several of the other populations. I would say many of the populations are out of danger. But we're still, given the exploitation from the 1800s, the total tortoise population of Galapagos is still about 10 to 20 percent of the original population. So we have a long way to go to bring them back to the original populations.","A couple of questions tweeted and asked by listeners of the same ilk, saying: Would it be possible to clone him?","OK, this is an interesting thing, and we are trying to save some of Lonesome George's tissues, cells. Cloning in reptiles has really not been developed at all, and we're doing - a few mammals seem to be doing OK, but in general the technology, the methodology to actually clone reptiles is decades away.","So hopefully they will be able to maintain cells as in cryogenics, and who knows in the future, but at the moment, it would be impossible."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"clone him\" - This implies the possibility of cloning Lonesome George, a tortoise, rather than just asking if it is possible to create a genetic duplicate of him.","questions":"What is the name of the tortoise being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Lonesome"}
{"text":["The census is required by the Constitution and federal law. There's really no wiggle room here. Trump did sign this executive order directing all agencies to provide the Commerce Department with U. S.  citizenship and noncitizenship data of everyone living in the U. S. The thing is, though, that that data collection was already under way, or at least some of it was. So it's not clear what this executive order is really achieving.","House voted to limit the president's authority to use the military to strike Iran. What's the significance of that vote?","So this defense bill was really aimed at reining in the president's power to use military force against Iran without approval from Congress. This has been an issue not only with this president, but, obviously, with prior administrations - the question of when a president must get permission to take military action. And Democrats in the House are trying to take some of that authority back and give it back to Congress. Obviously, Trump was on his - very close to striking Iran, according to him, a few weeks ago.","But although the bill passed the House, it did so along party lines, and it's going to have a much harder time in the Senate. You're likely going to see some compromise have to be made for this bill to become law."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Trump's executive order may not be achieving anything new.","questions":"Which order did Trump sign?","answer":"Executive"}
{"text":["And then if you go down river, as you get closer to Arkansas, some communities, like Braggs and Webbers Falls, have been totally emptied out. One mayor earlier this week told people that if they refuse to evacuate, they should write their identification on their arm.","Wow. I mean, it does sound as though it's just an overwhelmingly awful combination of floods and tornadoes and bad weather. What are people saying as you are out and about interviewing people and, I guess, just talking to your own neighbors?","Well, people here are well-practiced. When we went into the basement on Saturday night with a tornado warning that hit near our home, our neighbors had their medication already prepared in plastic bags to take into the basement. But this has just been every day for nearly a month. And when you constantly have warnings coming through on your cell phone for floods and tornado watches and thunderstorms, it is hard to not just shut down.","Yeah. Today, of course, is a holiday, Memorial Day. But are schools on track, businesses on track for business as usual tomorrow?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The constant weather warnings are taking an emotional toll on people.","questions":"Which toll?","answer":"Emotional"}
{"text":["Yeah. Despite the ongoing uproar and concern created by the firing of James Comey, you have a lot of bipartisan support for Christopher Wray. He said a lot of the right things this week when it came to what what senators wanted to hear, what they were asking about. He said he would be independent if he ran the FBI. He said he would not pull any punches.","And he was asked several times, what would you do if the president asked you to do something illegal or unethical?He said, first, I would try to change his mind, and if he didn't do that, I would quit. So Democrats seem to hear what they wanted to hear. And there could be a vote on his nomination in the next couple of weeks.","Republicans released a revised health care bill - as popular as the first one was?","Just about, it seems, with the public. But I think where it matters more is, is it more popular within the Republican caucus?And it seems to be a tad more popular right now. But this bill is still right on a danger zone in terms of whether or not it can pass. You have two senators in the Republican caucus saying they're not going to vote for it. They can't lose any other Republican support and still get this bill passed."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) This bill is still right on a danger zone in terms of whether or not it can pass - Implied meaning: The bill is in a precarious situation and could fail if any more Republican senators vote against it.","questions":"What is the situation of the bill?","answer":"Precarious"}
{"text":["Claire Messud's \"The Burning Girl\" is a novel about two girls, Cassie and Julia, who make each other who they are. Cassie's the bold one who looks for rules to break. Julia is the voice of caution and conscience who'd like a little of Cassie's daring. We had one mind, as Julia recall, and could roam its limits together. They grow apart in middle school. Cassie hangs out with the more conspicuously popular crowd. Julia's hurt but becomes aware that Cassie is on the verge of disaster. Julia may be the one person to help pull her back.","\"The Burning Girl\" is the latest novel from Claire Messud, author of \"The Emperor's Children\" and other acclaimed novels. She's also taught creative writing and special programs at many colleges and joins us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks, Scott, for having me.","What's the special intensity of being BFFs as youngsters?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The bond between Cassie and Julia is strong and special, even though they grow apart in middle school.","questions":"What is the condition of Cassie and Julia's bond in middle school?","answer":"apart"}
{"text":["Yeah. Mr. Champagne, is it rough to be - well, look, we've done stories in Englewood. What's it like to be a young man in Englewood now, surrounded, as I don't have to tell you, by a lot of crime, a lot of drugs, sirens all night?","Yeah, correct.","People who are, you know, afraid to walk the street. What's it like growing up that way?","Well, it's tough 'cause you got to know when to come outside, when not to come out; when to go to the store, when not to go to the store. You know, cross the street, go left, go right, you know, either way it go, you get, like, A, shot at or, you know, get jumped, get robbed. It's tough.","Yeah. And a program like this, how does it help you see things differently and what you should do differently?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Yeah. Mr. Champagne, is it rough to be - well, look, we've done stories in Englewood.What's it like to be a young man in Englewood now, surrounded, as I don't have to tell you, by a lot of crime, a lot of drugs, sirens all night?","questions":"What did PersonB ask Mr. Champagne about the experience of being a young man in Englewood?","answer":"descriptions"}
{"text":["Well, the Hardings sued when they came to light. And the family wanted to put them away for 50 years so that anybody involved in them would be long gone. So they put them in the Library of Congress and four microfilms in the Ohio Historical Society. The archivist though, who made the microfilms, sent several microfilms out to various people for protective custody. And that's one of the ones that I got a hold of in 2004. But they've been under seal and under a court-order - under seal until actually next week is when they finally come out.","Let me get to the spy-story stuff. Was Carrie Fulton Phillips trying to influence President Harding toward Germany?","Yeah. Well, he was then Senator Harding with the obligation to vote for war or not. And she thought we should stay out. She was extremely pro-German. She was hanging out with a very pro-German crowd, some of whom were spies for sure in New York City. And she had lived in Berlin for three years in the lead-up to the war. So she definitely was trying to convince him not to vote for war. And he eventually writes to her that though it's going to be a really tough thing for their relationship, he's going to vote for war. But that's not long before we actually get involved in the war.","But what about the whole idea that somehow she was some kind of conduit for information to Berlin?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Was Carrie Fulton Phillips trying to influence President Harding towards Germany? This implies that she was attempting to sway his opinion on whether the US should enter the war, not just provide information to Berlin. ","questions":"What was Carrie Fulton Phillips trying to convince Senator Harding about?","answer":"War"}
{"text":["I think it's really important to understand that this is literally part of our human condition, right?We're a pack species. We like other people to like us. We like them to know what we're doing. And we've been doing this for centuries, whether it was commissioning portraits, whether it was sending postcards from our trips, whether it was holding our neighbors hostage and making them watch 10,000 slides from our family vacation. This is part of who we are. It's just a matter of managing it effectively.","If this is an essential part of the human condition, are these fatalities just going to keep happening?","I think so. I think so. There are some measures in place to kind of help with those people who are accidentally finding themselves in the situation of taking risky selfies. I think the more difficult question to ask is, what do we do with those people who are deliberately trying to find that high-risk selfie moment?","I mentioned the U. S.  Forest Service warning against bear selfies and Yellowstone having this safe selfie pledge. What other steps are being taken to try to keep people safe?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn (3) \"those people who are accidentally finding themselves in the situation of taking risky selfies\" is an example of figurative language, as the phrase \"accidentally finding themselves\" implies a lack of agency or responsibility. In reality, individuals make a conscious decision to take risky selfies, and this phrase may be used to downplay their responsibility for their actions.","questions":"What is the figurative language used in turn 2 to describe people who take risky selfies?","answer":"Accidentally"}
{"text":["Yeah. They've been sacrificing already with their money and with their talents. The choice is theirs to move back permanently or to invest and to visit. The Shabab will not be, inshallah, any longer a threat to anyone. The famine luckily has been averted. The rain has come in a big way. The country is now ready for its daughters and sons to get involved so that we sustain the progress that has been made.","What has been the reaction of the Somali community to your advice?","They have welcomed it. The community was enthusiastic to hear the hopeful developments in Somalia. I guess they will make their decisions based on my advice but also on their own evaluation of the situation.","But you have personal experience leaving Somalia as well and then coming back. You went to school in Montreal. You were the U. S.  ambassador."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The country does not have children but it means the people that are born and raised there.","questions":"What does \"daughters and sons\" refer to in turn 0?","answer":"People"}
{"text":["No, because the guys used to sit on the porch and play their guitars and (unintelligible). And then would beat to the tap of their foot. So I kind of adapted that tanta-ta-tan-tum, tanta-ta-tan-tum(ph). I mean, because - I mean, my people - my relatives, most of them were from Jackson, Mississippi. So when they migrated to Indianapolis, they kind of brought a lot of that feeling.","When he said write a hit, that one song people know me all over the world, in Russia, Africa, Japan, all over the world, people, the first thing they say when they see me, \"Red Clay. \"","In the course of your career, you had, obviously, highs and you had some lows, and they've been described as personal problems. Without going into detail, are we to assume that those problems were substance abuse related?","Well, substance abuse, I wouldn't really say I had a problem with that. I mean, I would say that at one period in the '70s, I started partying, I was in Hollywood A-list(ph). And everybody would come up there, I mean, all kind of movie stars, all kind of football stars, basketball stars, actors. And I had a spot right there in (unintelligible) overlooking the (unintelligible). And the people that I had coming up there - now, the substance abuse, it was around because a lot of people who would come to see me would bring it. But I would never really say I had a habit or anything like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : My relatives brought the feeling of Jackson, Mississippi to Indianapolis.","questions":"What did the relatives of PersonA bring to Indianapolis?","answer":"Feeling"}
{"text":["So, does Teddy Roosevelt still come to life when it gets dark at the museum?","People would like to think so, and this is part of the imagination that you need to have when you're visiting a natural history museum. To go back to your point about whether the dioramas are old hat, well, sure. In one way they certainly are. They represent a very old kind of technology. But I look at it a little bit differently. It's a 3-D theater in a way that TV cannot be. We have a beautiful diorama of bison herds from some indefinite time in the 19th century when they still had large herds, and that is so realistic that you think, if you just saw an image of it, that it had to have been taken yesterday somewhere in Wyoming.","Ross MacPhee, curator of the Hall of North American Mammals at the American Museum of Natural History. Thanks so much for being with us.","Most welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : meaning is turn (1), where B asks if Teddy Roosevelt comes to life when it gets dark at the museum. The actual meaning implied by B's question is whether the museum has interactive exhibits or displays that bring historical figures to life, rather than asking about a specific event where Teddy Roosevelt might come to life in the museum.","questions":"What does PersonB want to know about the museum?","answer":"Interactive"}
{"text":["Well, that's good to hear, and I'm sure life is good for a lot of people there. But nevertheless, austerity has cut into many people's lives, and a lot of people would like the economy to start doing a lot better.","It is true. In fact, you brought up a very good point. What happened is the austerity that followed the crisis of 2008 and 2009 - and I'm afraid your country, the United States, knows a lot about that, and it was part - actually, it helped start all that. We did our bit, as well, in Europe, of course. But - people and nations react in different ways. The Greek rioted in their squares. The French took to the streets. The Spaniards sort of sulked(ph) in their unsellable homes. The British swore at their bankers. Italians kept very quiet (unintelligible) Prime Minister Mario Monti. But obviously, something was sort of looming, and it happened. You know, this election, people had enough and say, austerity is not enough.","We've been suffering. And Beppe Grillo actually provided a way and a channel for (unintelligible), which is good. There was no violence at all in Italy, and the people protesting with their votes. I think it's very mature, very wise, in a way. Now it's time for Grillo to use those votes and do something with them.","Other than describing him as a populist, can you describe his politics to us?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Austerity measures caused protests and elections in Europe.","questions":"What caused the protests and elections in Europe?","answer":"Austerity"}
{"text":["The body of Lucille sits in the body of Thelma. Her life circled there in the lap of her mother, who wore 12 fingers just as she wore 12, just as the baby inside of her as she sat in the body of Thelma wore 12.","Lucille there in the middle, lived her light-filled life, never losing her daughter seat, dying on the very day Miss Thelma died. All the daughters and sons, who long left the movies, all the poets black, who sought their lives only ordinary, recount their long calla lily fingers every day, wring their jewels into jewels hands, circling the unbroken light-filled two-headed body of the woman who keeps keeping us.","\"The Ordinary Body of Lucille\" by Nikky Finney, our guest. I have to ask you, jewels into jewels. That line is in italic.","Hmm. Yes. That's a line from Ms.  Clifton's poem. And it's - I just - I love it so much. It's one of - a thousand favorite phrases of hers."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Her mother's arms are around her as she sits in her lap.","questions":"What is the name of the woman whose body Lucille sits in?","answer":"Thelma"}
{"text":["And of course we speak this week on a week in which the city of Baltimore has been undergoing a lot of restiveness, including injuries and arrests. What do you make of the fact that you've got Wednesday's ballgame played at Camden Yards, but no audience?","I think that's a shame. Much like how after 9\/11 I didn't think they should've called the ballgames off, I thought they should still have baseball being played. I think baseball helps people heal. It changes things. Look at Jackie Robinson, what that did for the civil rights movement. I can speak for my family when they came over from Poland at the turn-of-the-century. They combined with other immigrant kids and they all learned baseball because that was one thing that brought everybody together.","Gary Cieradkowski - his new book, \"The League of Outsider Baseball. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : ) A: I think that's a shame.Much like how after 9\/11 I didn't think they should've called the ballgames off, I thought they should still have baseball being played.I think baseball helps people heal.It changes things.Look at Jackie Robinson, what that did for the civil rights movement.I can speak for my family when they came over from Poland at the turn-of-the-century.They combined with other immigrant kids and they all learned baseball because that was one thing that brought everybody together. Actual meaning: A is expressing his opinion that playing baseball is important for helping people heal, both from tragedy and from prejudice. He also explains that it has been an integral part of his family's experience of immigration. ","questions":"Which event does PersonA compare the situation of Wednesday's ballgame played at Camden Yards with?","answer":"9\/11"}
{"text":["Just market access, kind of where the Chinese government was trying to protect the early start-up of industries in China. And I think now the economy's grown enough that this - many of these things could be opened up again and access could increase for American businesses. It's also information technology, being able to make sure you can move information across boundaries, things like that.","OK. I'm hearing you - I'm hearing a wish list on what you want China to do. But is there anything you want to see from this administration that would help things out for Cummins?","Most importantly for me, I want to see engagement. I think that U. S.  businesses do very well whenever there is any access to foreign markets. We can succeed in markets when we have a chance to compete. And that's really what we want to see with every economy around the world. We'd like to see that with the USMCA, too - the Mexico-Canada agreement, too. We'd like to see that signed and completed. We'd like to see more free trade agreements with other countries.","Have you raised any of these concerns directly with the White House?I know that you sit on the Business Roundtable, which is this pretty powerful organization made up of prominent CEOs like yourself."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : U.S. businesses perform well when there's access to foreign markets and a chance to compete. More free trade agreements with other countries are wanted.","questions":"How do U.S. businesses perform in foreign markets?","answer":"well"}
{"text":["Amyloid is a very big one. We need to fulfill our research obligations there to examine it to the hilt. But there could be other proteins, the Tao protein, Alpha Synuclein, a variety of other proteins that could be involved, and hence we need to throw the landscape open with respect to what might be other potential targets in the various cascades that are described to produce the results of Alzheimer's disease.","I have about 20 seconds left, but just in this last little bit, there's a clinical test - a clinical trial to test this drug starting soon. Will these new studies affect that trial?","No, I don't think so. I mean, I think that the phase one trial of Bexarotene going forth in humans to test its safety and efficacy I think is entirely appropriate. So I would not pull back. I mean, there are some cautionary notes in these papers, but I wouldn't sabotage the overall program by this.","Thank you for joining us today."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : We need to examine it as much as we can possibly can. We need to get people involved with Alzheimers to learn about  other things that can cause the disease.","questions":"What is the big protein that needs to be examined thoroughly?","answer":"BEXAROTENE"}
{"text":["Today, Turkey formally requested NATO to deploy Patriot missiles on the border with Syria. And while the new anti-government coalition wins friends in foreign capitals, it gets a mixed reception from rebel groups inside Syria. NPR correspondent Deborah Amos joins us now by Skype from southern Turkey. And Deborah, always good to talk with you.","Thank you, Neal. Glad to be here.","And some European nations are already considering Turkey's Patriot missile request. If fulfilled, will that effectively establish a no-fly zone over parts of - over northern Syria?","NATO officials are downplaying the no-fly zone aspect of this. But there is no doubt that if there are Patriot missiles on the border, the Syrian air force will think twice about bombing any city close to that border. That is already happening on this - on the Turkish border. There are towns now that are under the umbrella of Turkey."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Fulfilling Turkey's request for Patriot missiles may establish a no-fly zone over northern Syria, but NATO officials are downplaying it.","questions":"What aspect of the Patriot missile request is NATO officials downplaying?","answer":"no-fly"}
{"text":["When you think about what that would look like, give me one example, one small example of how you. . .","Well, first thing we have to say is something in the neighborhood of 40, 50 to a $100 billion must be spent on foreclosures. And it must be done this way - we're going to use the FDIC Sheila Bair plan because she has shown working with IndyMac that she knows how to do loan modifications. And that has to be written into the bill.","And then the other thing that you have to do is, you have to develop criteria for who is going to get this money and why they're going to get it, what kind of reporting they have to do, and some prohibitions against being able to get the money if you don't do certain things. For example, we can't be giving bailouts to CEOs who have big stock options and bonuses and all of that has got to be written into the tough legislation.","All right. Well, congresswoman, thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Foreclosures need a huge amount of money to be spent, and Sheila Bair's plan is the best approach for loan modifications.","questions":"Which plan is recommended for loan modifications?","answer":"Sheila"}
{"text":["Yeah. The numbers aren't necessarily looking his way.","No.","Glenn Thrush is the chief political correspondent of Politico. Thanks so much for being back with us.","Great to be here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Glenn Thrush's report does not seem to be in favor of the current situation.","questions":"What is the current situation?","answer":"Situation"}
{"text":["That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid. As a kid, he was - he hung around all the time with African-American kids. Those were his playmates, even in Hyannis. He was - he, you know, Father Feeney - when Father Feeney said no salvation outside the Catholic Church, he railed against that, which was so extraordinary in that very Catholic family.","You know, Ralph Bunche - he insisted that that great African-American statesman get to speak to a integrated audience at UVA when he was in charge of the lecture series down there. There's all kinds of evidence of Bobby in the beginning being a liberal in the best sense of that word. And I think it just came more to life after Jack was gone and after the old man was out of action.","Will American voters these days - and donors and journalists, for that matter - let a public figure change in public the way Robert Kennedy did?","Well, I think the hardest thing for him - and to me, the sweetest part of the book - was his evolution on Joe McCarthy. There's no doubt that he loved the guy. It came through right to the end when he was driving in the car at National Airport. And Kathleen, his young daughter, said he was so stricken by the news that McCarthy had just drank himself to death at Bethesda Naval Hospital that he drove around the airport three times. He was just distraught."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: How did Robert Kennedy come to terms with the death of Joe McCarthy?","questions":"Which deceased figure did Robert Kennedy feel deeply saddened about while driving around National Airport?","answer":"McCarthy"}
{"text":["So there you are standing in the checkout line, that one with a big sign above it that says express, 10 items or less. You notice the basket of the woman in front of you. You silently start tallying. OK, eight or nine items, fine. But wait, she has a six pack under her hand, and under her other arm is a bag of pretzels. And then she's going for that pack of gum. And you're fighting the urge to scream: You had no business in the express line.","If that's you, then John Trinkaus feels your pain. He decided that instead of complaining about it, though, he'd study it. Trinkaus researches not only the express line, but how many people stop at stop signs and the average wait at the doctor's office. My next guest is Marc Abrahams, editor and co-founder of the Annals of Improbable Research, and the founder and master of ceremonies for the Ig Nobel Prize. He'll explain the data details and why it's the simple things that count. He joins us from WBUR in Boston. Hi, Marc.","Hello, Flora.","Tell me - give me some other names of his studies, because they're all really funny."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The woman in front of you has more than 10 items but still stands in the express line, which is irritating.","questions":"What is the sign above the checkout line mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Checkout"}
{"text":["Well, not really. I think the crowd that came here early in the day were peaceful. But this march was illegal from the beginning. The police never gave their authorization. So they had essentially warned everyone that anyone coming would be sort of in violation of the law. And so from early on, things were kind of chaotic. I think protesters have sort of dug in for what they had assumed would be a pretty violent night.","I've been seeing people basically pulling up bricks from the sidewalk and putting them in carts. I've seen people arm themselves with various iron rods and also umbrellas and create sort of shields out of wood that they found everywhere. I think what you're starting to see - you know, digging in on both sides here, between the police and also the protesters.","Are the protesters a cross section of Hong Kong, or are they one demographic, if you please?","Well, I think, today, I've actually seen quite a mixed crowd, which was sort of unexpected because, obviously, this march is - this protest was illegal. So we didn't really expect sort of to see kids or elderly people. But I have seen them."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The protest turned violent, despite initially being peaceful.","questions":"Which turn made the protesters arm themselves with various iron rods?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["So how did this all come about, and how did you get involved?","My partner, Josh Farahzad, just about this time last year, you know, he started thinking - well, what if I launched a rocket into outer space?You know, he didn't really know what he was doing. So he started sending emails to pretty much every university rocketry team in the country. And I was doing a launch with the Princeton University Rocketry Club. He saw our livestream, and he had reached out. I guess after that, I spent thousands of hours just working with Josh one-on-one and leading this very, very tremendous team.","And as the team grew to - what?- I guess about 40 people, you're communicating with one another via a Slack channel.","That's right. You know, at some point, we didn't pay for the Slack premium account. So, you know, I think within a month or two, our messages capped at 10,000. So we started losing our data.","Well, what's the big goal here, aside from actually getting a rocket into space?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Josh reached out to A after seeing their launch, and A spent a lot of time working with him","questions":"How did PersonA start working with Josh?","answer":"josh"}
{"text":["Right. So X, for example, it's been estimated that costs of apparel and clothing for a family of four could go up by $500 if we put 25 percent tariffs on all remaining Chinese imports as has been threatened. If we not only raise the tariffs on this $200 billion to 25 percent but then go for the remaining 325 billion that haven't had tariffs on them yet, that hits everything - all food, all apparel. And it also hits things like technology and hardware.","We're talking about real money for American consumers. Negotiations do continue today. What do you expect to happen in them?","Well, I still think it's likely that we will get something that is called a deal by the end of June. I think it is more likely than not because President Trump, for political reasons, would also like to get a good deal. The stock market is going to have a strong response today against this. It's going to go down. He won't like that. And we're entering the political season in which he wants stability.","So I think a deal is more likely than not. But it will only be a brief hiatus in this long-term, contentious U. S. -China relationship."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"But it will only be a brief hiatus in this long-term, contentious U.S.-China relationship\" has a figurative meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning of the turn is that a deal between the US and China would only be a temporary break in their long-term, contentious relationship. However, the figurative meaning is that even if a deal is reached, the underlying tensions and issues between the two countries will remain and could resurface in the future.","questions":"Which relationship has a figurative meaning in turn 3?","answer":"U.S.-China"}
{"text":["Tell me about some of the climate change initiatives that you've enacted there in Carmel.","First of all, we're trying to - taking a car city, a city that was designed for cars, and turning it into a walkable city so that the average driver is in his car maybe a few minutes a day as opposed to U. S.  average of two hours or a hundred miles. We've switched out almost all of our street lights to LEDs, getting a great return on investment as well. We've created over a thousand acres of parkland. We have a street tree program. I did an executive order almost 12 years ago requiring all of our fleet vehicles to be hybrids or alternative fuel vehicles. We're experimenting with hydrogen trucks for our street department. I can go on, but we're doing a lot of things in our city.","How do you engage with climate skeptics or climate change deniers in Carmel?What do you tell them?","Well, I say there's lots of different ways to get to the same endpoint. I talk about our LED street light replacement program, where we spend almost a million dollars to replace all our streetlights. And they say, why'd you spend that money?I say, well, we're getting a 22 percent return on investment annually in the lower electricity costs. That usually makes them happy. Or if we talk about jobs or we talk about national defense and not being dependent upon other countries for fossil fuels that we might need in a war or other conflict - there are so many other reasons, job creation being one of them that gets us to the same endpoint."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"taking a car city, a city that was designed for cars, and turning it into a walkable city\" This turn has a metaphorical meaning. It does not refer to physically turning a city but rather transforming the urban infrastructure and policies to make it more pedestrian-friendly.","questions":"What is the metaphorical transformation that \"taking a car city, a city that was designed for cars, and turning it into a walkable city\" refers to?","answer":"Transformation"}
{"text":["And how do you do that?","Well, on the behavioral side, that means helping them go from being in this setting to open air and open - eventually open water. We would take them through a very careful process of getting used to the transport units, getting used to being on a crane and in a truck and then in a tank on the dock. Eventually, they might even take drives around Baltimore to get used to the idea that they're going to be mobile since they've have not done that before.","The other aspect is the physiological adaptation, and that's a very complex and laborious process. Every - all living organisms have a microbiome associated with them. That's all the microorganisms that live around us and on us - bacteria, fungus, spores, larvae, et cetera. Dolphins do too and, in fact, in seawater, it's quite present. And the water that they live in now, which is man-made saltwater, it's fairly sterile. And of course, the ocean is not sterile.","So we will go through a long process, once we've selected a site, that will begin to integrate that water into the water they live in here so that eventually, when they leave here, they will be in water that almost completely matches the water that they'll be moving to.","I gather, Mr.  Racanelli, you've known dolphins, worked with them in a sense, since you were a teenager."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The process of helping dolphins adjust to open water involves introducing them to the same types of microorganisms they would find in the ocean, which is much more diverse than the sterile saltwater they live in.","questions":"What type of water do the dolphins live in at the beginning of the adaptation process?","answer":"Sterile"}
{"text":["\u2026of the entire family. And you've got the ability to sit from that distance and observe natural behavior.","You know, there have been stories written about park rangers and others who have very strong personal connections to these animals. I know that some of them have named them. How does that come about?","Well, the park rangers, in my opinion, are the real heroes of mountain gorilla conservation. They are the guys who are out on a day-to-day basis, doing the work of conservation. And in the case of D. R. C. , they are risking their lives. We probably have lost 120 to 150 guards over the last 15 years in the Congo. And I think it indicates the kind of courage that these guys have, putting their life on the line, protecting animals that they have worked with on a day-to-day basis or, in some cases, decades.","Are there other animals that are also endangered in that area, especially as a result of the finding, in addition to the gorilla?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In the literal sense, (3) describes park rangers as individuals who work in the conservation of mountain gorillas, and who risk their lives for that purpose. However, the implied meaning of (3) is that park rangers are selfless heroes who are dedicated to their work, even if it means putting their lives at risk. ","questions":"What is the implied meaning of (3)?","answer":"Heroes"}
{"text":["Then we got a letter yesterday about the discussion we had about multi-racial identities in America. Charles Johnson in Cary, North Carolina gave us this perspective: At some point in talking about racial identity, when do we mention that all people, according to the latest research, we are all Africans, whether you call yourself European, Asian, et cetera. The research shows we all have a common African gene.","And finally, we got a few letters about a segment we did last week called Race and Privilege in an Age of Obama. Paul Gustman(ph) in Miami, Florida wrote us this: Your guest infuriated me by first calling America a place of white supremacy, and then saying that a dialogue was needed between the races. Maybe the gift of Barack Obama is that he avoids the accusatory code words that may feel cathartic to utter, but do nothing to further inter-racial understanding and acceptance.","And that's it for letters. Thanks for writing, and please keep your comments coming.","And here's how you can exercise your right to vote - your vote on what we're doing online, that is. Go to our program page at nprnewsandnotes. org and click on a segment. Then click on the Comments link and give us your thoughts."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite our racial differences, we are all genetically African.","questions":"Which gene do all people according to the latest research have in common?","answer":"African"}
{"text":["Many of the trees were completely defoliated. It's crunchy leaves. It's trees uprooted. You see the moss has all dried. So it's a shock to the system. And it takes many, many years - could be a century or two when we see full recovery of tree species on those areas.","What about all of the animal life?Could you tell how badly it was affected if things survived?","We saw some birds that had died. And then, days later, we were able to see some of the birds kind of flying around. They're very, very visual because they have these bright greens and colors that you can pick up from the brown background. And they are just scavenging for fruits right now.","We mentioned that Puerto Rico depends heavily on rainfall coming through El Yunque. How does the defoliation of all the trees there affect the water supply?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The birds were trying to find food in the aftermath of the destruction caused by the storm.","questions":"How were the birds behaving after the storm?","answer":"Flying"}
{"text":["In the end, has the IMF been a force for good?What has it done that might otherwise not have been done?","You know, I think the comparison is with what happened in the '20s and '30s - that was a world in which we did not have a international lender of last resort. And it was a world in which countries went bankrupt. There was a massive retreat from globalization, countries lost confidence in the way the international financial system worked. And I think the proof of how valuable the IMF has been is the onward march of globalization.","But you're aware of the fact that when the IMF meets, there are going to be protesters outside who are saying that globalization is the problem.","Yeah and I think they're mistaken. They are objecting to some of the cultural consequences of globalization. But I don't think anyone can object to an institution that's committed to preventing people from going under."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B: \"the problem\" refers to the negative effects of globalization, which may include job losses, cultural homogenization, and environmental degradation. The protesters are not necessarily saying that globalization is a problem in and of itself, but rather that the way it has been implemented has been harmful to many people and the planet.","questions":"What are the protesters specifically objecting to regarding globalization?","answer":"Implementation"}
{"text":["Well, I mean, on the one hand, you had - the Manafort indictment does not mention Trump. And - but the guilty plea that was unsealed involving this other campaign adviser, George Papadopoulos, does mention Trump. And the greater sort of uncertainty surrounds that guilty plea at this moment because it is a signal that they already have testimony from this person, already have emails and other records showing the extensive contacts of this person with others in the Trump administration. They're basically saying we know more than you guys think we do.","George Papadopoulos - has he been wearing a wire?","That's a good question. I mean, I think it's fair to assume that Trump's lawyers are looking at that question very carefully.","Carter Page and Hope Hicks, according to reports, are going to be questioned. Carter Page has a history with and in Russia, doesn't he?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - \"Carter Page and Hope Hicks, according to reports, are going to be questioned\" - This implies that they will be called to testify in front of a grand jury or similar proceeding, rather than just being asked questions in an informal setting.","questions":"How will Carter Page and Hope Hicks be questioned?","answer":"Grand"}
{"text":["The most significant news, I think on the Republican side, was that two states, Kansas and Louisiana, shot across the bow of John McCain by saying they were not ready to endorse the idea that he was the nominee. Washington State was called for John McCain with some of the vote yet to be counted and not too much of a margin for John McCain. But the state party chairman out there said they had seen enough caucus counting and they were going to away half the state's delegates to John McCain then do the rest in a primary that's coming up in a few weeks.","Now, that's already been protested by the Huckabee campaign, which was hoping to get a sweep, like Barack Obama, of all the events on the ballot on Saturday to the Republicans.","So parse out for us this delegate situation on the Democratic side. What's the state of play right now in terms of who has how many.","Well, it's a big scoreboard and there are a lot of different numbers on it and they do move around a fair amount. But let's start with the ones that are pretty certain that aren't going to change. That's the number of pledged delegates won so far. These are the delegates that are allocated to each candidate on the basis of the results of each primary or caucus. So in this station, where we stand now, Hillary Clinton has 893 from all the states that have voted so far on the Democratic side, and Barack Obama has 952."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"big scoreboard\" - This is a metaphor used to describe the current state of the delegate count.","questions":"What is the \"big scoreboard\"?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":["Well, in some states, let's say New Mexico, Latinos went for Obama 69 to 30. So that was quite decisive. And in Colorado, it was also a decisive victory, 73 to 27 for Obama.","You know, thinking back to the primaries, there was a question at one point about whether Barack Obama would be able to appeal to Latinos. This was sort of one of the great problems he was supposed to have. And he seems to have solved that problem rather decisively.","Now, let's talk about white voters. That was also a big question mark. And he did get a firm portion of white voters, the largest share of white support of any Democrat in a two-man race since 1976. But still more white voters went for McCain.","One of things that Obama was able to do is shrink that margin. Republicans tend to do better with white voters and have traditionally done better. So, it's not surprising that they went to the Republican. What's important for Obama as a governing matter is that he was able to shrink that margin, that he doesn't seem to have a quote, unquote \"problem\" with those kinds of voters. Again, this was a big issue during the primaries and in the general election, and, in fact, among younger white voters, he did quite well."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Obama received significant white support but still lost the white vote","questions":"What was the largest share of support for white voters received by any Democrat in a two-man race since 1976?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Yes.","And even lesbians, people like Ellen, who are incredibly powerful in Hollywood, and in the entertainment industries across the board. Why is that not the case for - why can't there be the equivalence in the African-American world?","Yeah, you're absolutely correct, you know, and I state those claims before, you know, and - you know, like a Bill Ga - I mean David Geffen, Ellen, Rosie, George Michael, John - Elton John, Lance Bass, like a lot of these people, you know, unfortunately are white counterparts, and colleagues are able to come out of the closet.","Their community supports them, because as I expressed in my book, they have a nurturing environment, where for them, sex and sexuality has always been a dialog and a discussion within their community. They have communities where they exist, and they help support one each other - one another, especially (unintelligible) in Los Angeles, you have West Hollywood. In Atlanta, you know, you have the Midtown area. In D. C. , you have Dupont, San Francisco. New York, you have Chelsea."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : White counterparts in the entertainment industry are more accepted than African-Americans.","questions":"How are white counterparts in the entertainment industry perceived compared to African-Americans?","answer":"Accepted"}
{"text":["Yeah. So let's take Muslim China, you know, the western part of China - Uighur country. They use lamb, which they don't use in the rest of China, or very little. And their noodles are made from wheat. And they have bread. So that region has this food because of its religion and because of its proximity to Turkey.","The reason I called Anissa Helou is because of a dish I've been meaning to make for a long time. In her book, she has two versions - one from Egypt, one from Syria - a nutritious and simple meal made from beans that's perfect for Ramadan or for any time, really - ful medames, or simply ful.","Ful is a very filling dish. So if you ate ful at whatever hour, you could stay without eating anything or feeling very hungry for at least five, six hours.","Helou join me in my kitchen here in D. C.  via video chat to teach me how to make both the Egyptian and the Syrian recipes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Ful medames is a very filling dish that can sustain you for several hours.","questions":"What dish did Anissa Helou teach PersonB to make in both Egyptian and Syrian versions?","answer":"Ful"}
{"text":["This is News & Notes. I'm Farai Chideya. In 1944, an Italian prisoner of war was lynched in a riot. It took place at Fort Lawton in Seattle, Washington. Forty-three black soldiers were charged in the incident; 28 of them were convicted. More than 60 years later, the Army Board of Correction overturned the convictions. The military found major issues with the soldiers' court martial. Joining us today is Howard Cooley. He's an attorney with the law firm Patrick Henry. The firm represented the family of Booker Townsell, one of the soldiers charged in the case. Thank you for joining me.","Thank you, and thank you for having me.","So tell us about Booker Townsell. Who was he, and what had he been through before and after the court martial?","He was a young man who was drafted in World War II, like so many other people. Seems to have had a - not a - nothing remarkable about his background, from what I'm able to understand. And - but he did become quite remarkable during World War II because he became a prisoner - he had to guard some prisoners of war, some Italian prisoners of war. And the riot broke out and then he, as a result of that, he was convicted, he was dismissed from the service with adverse honors."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"dismissed from the service with adverse honors\" - the phrase \"dismissed with adverse honors\" seems contradictory because \"honors\" usually connote a positive recognition, while \"dismissed\" connotes being fired or removed from service. In this case, it means that Booker Townsell was removed from service in a dishonorable manner.","questions":"Which word describes how Booker Townsell was dismissed from the military?","answer":"Dishonorable"}
{"text":["They were part of the crew of the USS Monitor, a celebrated Civil War ship that helped open a new era in naval warfare. The ship was ironclad, powered by steam instead of sails, and supported a rotating gun turret. The Monitor sank in a storm in 1862. Sixteen of 62 men on board went down with their ship. They were thought to be lost forever until 2002. The Monitor was being restored and the remains of two of the sailors were discovered in the turret. We're joined now by historian Anna Holloway. She's curator of the USS Monitor Center in Newport, Virginia. Thank very much for being with us.","Well, thank you so much for having me.","What do we know about these two sailors who have finally been buried?","Well, we still don't know their names, and that is one of the ongoing mysteries about these two heroes of the USS Monitor. However, as you mention, 16 men went down with the vessel, so there are 16 possibilities. Now, forensics tells us a little bit about them - their relative heights, their ages and their race - so that does narrow it down a bit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"What is the name of the historian who is curator of the USS Monitor Center in Newport, Virginia?","answer":"Anna"}
{"text":["No, no. It definitely can't. And the argument that you sort use is it's just growing too fast, and we're seeing it as it was six billion years ago almost. So if they grew that fast for six billion years, it would be just far too big.","Oh.","So it probably only lasts for a measly 100 million years or so.","Where do you go from here with this work?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"measly 100 million years\" - The word \"measly\" is used in a sarcastic manner to imply that 100 million years is actually a significant amount of time in the context of the conversation.","questions":"How is the time period described by A?","answer":"time"}
{"text":["And prior to that, they'd had him ahead by double digits again. So, there is a rhythm within each of these polls where it goes up and down a little bit, and if you want something to rely on, you need to look at the range within each poll.","So, why is that people reacting to the news each day, or to ads, or to stuff they see on the Internet?What is it?","Well, I could think they're reacting to something, I just like - we like to think the stock market is responding to some kind of real news or conditions. But it's not all that clear that it's all that rational, and the same is true of the political polls as well.","So, given that up and down in each individual poll, you have to think a lot of it has to do with the internal processes of poll taking, and then poll analysis. They weigh the polls, they look at whether or not their sample of the public really matches the demographic mix of the public, and then they weigh of responses of people to try to match that statistical model."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples.","questions":"How is the process of poll analysis described in turn 3?","answer":"Internal"}
{"text":["So you had the U. K.  negotiating bilateral agreements with, like, Australia and Canada and India, right?And then I read you also had Germany forming its own bloc with members, countries that it had relationships with. And the U. S.  did something similar.","That's right. The origins of the British trading bloc really go back to World War I. And a lot of the considerations are of a military nature, a geostrategic nature. They were bottlenecked in some supplies, especially for the military, and that's why the British government was thinking more about how to secure its supplies. And that happened on the German side as well. Germany was preparing for war. They were gearing up for war, so they needed to make sure they had the right supplies, especially for the military.","Now, you write that if similar patterns play out today, we could see a, quote, \"reorientation of world trade around China- and U. S. -centric trade blocs. \"How likely do you think that is?","Well, it depends on the politics. The White House wants to have a more bilateral approach where the U. S.  deals with one individual country, as opposed to a group. And China now wants to create a system of its own. So that does include establishing a sphere of influence in Asia. And each of them will want to build up their own realm where they have the power in the region.","What do you think is at stake here?If this approach continues, what are your main concerns?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The British trading bloc formed to secure military supplies during World War I.","questions":"How did the British trading bloc originate?","answer":"Supplies"}
{"text":["These Special Forces and SEAL veterans, Navy SEAL veterans - they deployed on a mission to kill the leader of the Aden branch of Al-Islah. And Al-Islah, as I write, is a very important political party in Yemen. It's an Islamist party, but it's not viewed in the wider world as a terrorist group. Nonetheless, the UAE, as we write, hired this company to kill this local political leader, this Islamist leader.","The UAE and Saudi Arabia are leading the war in Yemen against rebels in Yemen, and they have U. S.  support. Now, you suggest in the story that somebody in this group was a member of the active military, don't you?","A reservist - he was a reservist, and he was a SEAL reservist. He was at that level of command, one of the nation's best, most highly trained. And he was still - you know, technically, he had a top-secret clearance, sources told us, even when he was doing this very strange, unique, unprecedented mission, as far as we know.","I guess I'm among those Americans who just assume that that had to be illegal, that U. S.  citizens couldn't do that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Assassinating the Aden branch leader of Al-Islah may have been illegal","questions":"Which political party did the Aden branch leader belong to?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Might give them a viral moment on YouTube.","It could, indeed, give them a viral moment on YouTube. So that's part of the game that's being played. But what the Democrats are trying to do here is educate the public about what this president did and how he did it. And they've got a witness who has impeccable credentials. I don't think the Republicans are going to try to undercut this man. He is one of them. And he served his country. And he did this not because he was looking for a job. He did it because he thought somebody had to do it.","Well, let's get down to the prognostication part of this conversation. Robert Mueller has been pretty plain about how he doesn't want to testify and has nothing to say beyond the report. Do you support his logic?","Well, you know, there've been some very powerful commentary about his position. A former deputy solicitor general, deputy attorney general, a fellow by the name of Donald Ayer wrote a rather sharply worded piece kindly but clearly saying that Mueller had a duty to actually go beyond the four quarters (ph) because of what's happened. Attorney General Barr has tried to discredit his work. He's actually belittled his work. And as Ayer says, you know, this man's got to step up and defend his work and not be rolled over. I think he'll do that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : to be rolled over means to step aside and the narrator is suggesting that the man needs to defend himself.","questions":"How does the narrator suggest the man should respond to being rolled over?","answer":"Defend"}
{"text":["Well, so what I got really interested in was that when the coat showed up, it showed up in a black plastic package from China Post. So I thought I was buying a coat from some brand that represented itself as kind of this modern gentleman. You know, I was expecting it to have its headquarters, you know, in New York or San Francisco or Los Angeles or something. And this thing is shipped direct from a technology park in China.","So I kind of started thinking like, well, what is this brand?And I started diving into this new class of online retailer that use a tool called Shopify, which allows anyone to kind of spin up a retail store in five minutes; sucks products in from a service called AliExpress, which is sort of like Amazon but in China, and it's dedicated to kind of the export market for Chinese and other Asian manufacturers; and allows - basically - consumers in the U. S.  to take a different route into this manufacturing ecosystem, which makes so many clothes, which makes so many consumer goods, in Asia.","When you ordered this coat, were you genuinely surprised to be able to trace this stuff back, or was that the whole idea?","Well, no. I was genuinely surprised. I was literally - I had been tagged in the Facebook advertising system, which Instagram also uses, as someone who likes to buy clothes. And what I came to find was that this is a pretty widespread phenomenon."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"Spin up a retail store\" is used figuratively to describe the process of quickly creating a new retail store, rather than a literal spinning motion.","questions":"Which process is described figuratively using the phrase \"spin up\"?","answer":"Creating"}
{"text":["(Laughter) They're very egalitarian. They want to win over each other. They have clusters in corners of libraries and gymnasiums. And you have to make a 15 percent threshold. So if you don't get 15 percent of the vote as a candidate, then your supporters have to go to someone else, and that's when it gets hairy in there where people are, you know, trying to make the case for someone to come to their side.","And how does this wind up translating itself to delegates?","It's a very complicated, long and winding process that actually takes months. And none of the results on election night actually translate to the delegates that go to the national convention. They're not bound in any way. In fact, most of this is just for momentum. It's a very small slice of delegates that wind up going to the nominating process. So really, we're talking about Sen.  Sanders, Hillary Clinton trying to gain momentum heading into the next contests.","Let me ask you about the specific party races. According to opinion polls, Mr.  Trump has extended his lead on the Republican side. Does he have an organization to deliver, or is it all (unintelligible)?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Does Mr. Trump have the support to win the Republican nomination, or is it uncertain?","questions":"Which party's nomination is Mr. Trump trying to win?","answer":"Republican"}
{"text":["My father had, you know, good collections of music from Marvin Gaye, Philip Coutre(ph) to Bob Marley. He had it all. And he was a cameraman, and he used the music to do something special with the pictures. You know, while he's playing I would sneak around and just listen. So I think music started for me then.","Were you ever in a situation, Asa, where you were torn between - because you mention your dad had Motown and Marvin Gaye, torn between the American urban music and the more traditional music of Nigeria and in Africa.","That was in, you know. It was between American, the West, you know, influence and then the church music and the street music, traditional music from Nigeria.","Now, let me make sure I heard you clearly. Did you say that it was a sin or that's what was in?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asa might have been conflicted between embracing American urban music and traditional music from Nigeria","questions":"How was Asa torn between different music influences?","answer":"Influence"}
{"text":["Yeah. So they did the - this is an amazing study and a beautiful video because of their research. They have really lovely time-lapse movies of cucumbers growing. And, you know, you think of plants as planted. . .","They stay there.",". . . stationary, kind of boring.","They don't move. Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Plants are immobile, unlike humans who move around.","questions":"What is the characteristic of plants?","answer":"Immobile"}
{"text":["And there are two things I think that are really important to remember. The first is that those people are still held accountable. They still plead guilty to crimes. And they often do prison sentences that are very long - not as long as people who don't cooperate. But they often really do - they really do get punished for that.","The second thing is when you think about the most serious cases the president talks about all the time, like MS-13, you simply couldn't make those cases without cooperators. You need people on the inside because things like gangs are highly secretive organizations. And so you need to understand where drugs are coming from, where money's coming from, how violence is committed and by whom. And so it really is essential. You know, it's an unsavory part of the criminal justice system. But it's a part that becomes very important to get serious crimes prosecuted.","OK.  Anne Milgram, former federal prosecutor and attorney general of New Jersey, now a professor at New York University Law School, thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It is not that is something to be tasted. It is something people don't like to hear about.","questions":"Which part of the criminal justice system is considered unsavory?","answer":"cooperators"}
{"text":["It's very interesting. I find it funny, though, because I found in America, you - mixed-race people are categorized as black until you achieve success. You know, like they wait for you to achieve success before they give you the black standard. That's the upgrade. Before then they say you're mixed. You achieve success and you get upgraded to black. And all the famous mixed people do it. Before they all were mixed. You know, like, you know, all those singers - Alicia Keys, Mariah Carey - they go, oh, you know, mixed, and then they become famous, they go black singers. Tiger Woods is a black golfer although he's mixed. He doesn't even refer to himself as black, you know?","And the most famous person is Barack Obama, mixed half and half, but you say America's first black president. But when he was running, they called him the mixed candidate, you know, which is very interesting for me. You see how the dynamic goes. And then now you get people going, oh well, he's not black enough. I go, what is black enough?What is, you know, it's a very interesting thing. And as a mixed-race child, I know, growing up in a world where people always say that to me, oh, you're not black enough. And they'll never say you're not white enough though. White is never an option.","We wish you success enough to be called black.","Thank you very much. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) has an actual meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning of \"We wish you success enough to be called black\" is simply wishing someone success, but the implicated meaning may suggest that the speaker believes being \"black\" is a higher status, and that success is only achieved when one is considered \"black\" by society. It implies a commentary on the social construct of race and how success is tied to it.","questions":"What is the implied message behind PersonB's statement?","answer":"Higher"}
{"text":["Why they're talking about it is because they feel they have to talk about it. The government of Bangladesh wants the bulk of these people to return. They also would be feeling some domestic pressures in this area, as well. And the government of Burma, I think, is feeling some of the pressure from the international community and feels some need to be responsive. But the real story here is this is horrifying, this discussion, to be taking place right now, given the complete absence of measures in place to ensure safety and security upon return.","As I understand it, the Rohingya, according to this agreement, will be moved from the camps in Bangladesh to a camp in Myanmar where there could be security concerns.","Oh yeah, there are no safeguards in place. There - been no serious discussion of safeguards for return. You have to realize that we're talking about one of the greatest crimes in recent memory - massive abuses, forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of people in a matter of weeks.","There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N.  official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Myanmar government is preventing international monitors from overseeing the situation, indicating they have something to hide.","questions":"Which country is not allowing international monitors?","answer":"Myanmar"}
{"text":["Let's get back to the news organizations who weren't permitted in this briefing. Now, I gather this kind of briefing is called a gaggle. What happened?","That's right.","Were you there?What did you see?","Well, what happened is instead of the daily on-camera briefing, Sean Spicer called a gaggle so he could talk to the pool. That's the small group of reporters that go places where the entire press corps can't fit. And then they share their transcripts and their notes with everyone else in the press corps. The White House said this gaggle would have an extended pool. And turns out they invited some additional organizations, but they pointedly excluded others like CNN, The New York Times, Politico. NPR was not there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) implies that the speaker wants to know what happened to the news organizations that weren't permitted in the briefing,","questions":"Which group of reporters were excluded from the gaggle briefing?","answer":"Certain"}
{"text":[". . . Hitler, basically.","Absolutely. Yes, yes. But they were given - at one point, they were given little medals - the sort of civilian Iron Cross, which they would wear beneath their lapel. And they wore it to conceal beneath their lapel so that when the Germans invaded, they could just turn the lapel and quietly show the invading German army that they were actually sympathizers.","But there was a great, though, deal of ugliness revealed. I mean, what's really nice in the book - these transcriptions that Juliet does - they're printed in 1940s typeface. You can see them as you might have really read them. And though the conversations are sometimes quite boring and sometimes illuminates what they're trying to do - but they're shot through with this virulent hatred of Jews.","It's side by side with this really kind of tedium of their conversations. And then you suddenly - you're almost lulled into not hearing what they're saying. And then you suddenly realize that this hatred is simmering away beneath in their breasts. And they're not - they really could be your neighbor. And I think that's a frightening thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : I do not think that the ugliness mentioned is meant to be literal but metaphorical. ","questions":"How is the ugliness referred to in the dialogue?","answer":"Metaphorical"}
{"text":["Well, the bubbles are held together by this sort of membrane of various things that surround the carbon dioxide that's making the bubble. And when you add something like too much detergent, somebody doesn't really wash out the glass well or some people even rub their nose and then put their finger down.","And this kills bubbles. And the oils - any type of oil, including the ChapStick, Vaseline, et cetera, will actually cause the bubbles to burst. It really destroys the surface tension - makes it uneven and the bubbles burst this way. So it's very interesting to see and it's very obvious on New Year's Eve, generally, women have less bubbles in their glass of champagne than men do for the obvious reason that women generally wear lipstick. On the other hand, this thing I just told you doesn't always work, because just like you can have second-hand smoke, Ira, you can have second-hand lipstick.","So try it out.","I'll tell you. What a pick-up line for New Year's Eve. I am doing a scientific survey of the lipstick around here. Let me ask you a few questions about your lipstick and your champagne. There's an opening."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is using the scientific survey as an excuse to flirt with the person they are talking to.","questions":"How is the speaker using the survey?","answer":"excuse"}
{"text":["Oh, you're welcome. Thanks for having me.","And we should explain your district is one of the ones affected by the flooding.","It absolutely is. We know it's not good but the city rallies around itself and does what it needs to do.","Let me ask you about the recall, senator. What do you think happened?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4), when B says \"Let me ask you about the recall, senator. What do you think happened?\" the actual meaning is not just a request for information, but also an implication that the senator may have some responsibility or involvement in the recall.","questions":"What is the underlying implication in PersonB's question to the senator about the recall?","answer":"Responsibility"}
{"text":["They have a really good chance. They could pick up as many as a half dozen or more seats. And this is incredibly important for them this year because we're heading into 2020, when there will be a census that will affect redistricting. This is how Republicans sort of got in the really good position that they were in. They won a ton of governors' races in 2010. They controlled redistricting in very important states. So they were able to draw congressional maps to their liking. You know, we've already seen good signs for Democrats when it comes to this. They've flipped a ton of state legislative seats. And so it's a good sign for Democrats. This map is really for them.","What states are you watching heading into this last month of the campaign?I mean, where are the really tight races?","So there's a couple of pickup opportunities for Democrats that look like really sure things - Illinois, New Mexico, Michigan. I say some of the really tight races are Florida and Georgia. Florida is always, you know, the perpetual swing state. Andrew Gillum was sort of the surprise nominee there. He's a progressive.","Yeah - African-American mayor from Tallahassee."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is the number of people voted in that are of a particular party, not an actual seat.","questions":"What is the significance of redistricting?","answer":"influence"}
{"text":["He was very cordial. He shook my hand. He gave me the Klan handshake. He didn't know that I knew it was the Klan handshake, but he did give it to me. If you shake a person's hand and you extend your index and middle finger along their wrist - and as you pumping their hand, you start pressing your fingers in their wrist area. It's the Klan handshake.","The question that you wind up wrestling with, I think at the end of the book, is - well, let me put it this way - that the Klan and David Duke specifically are hateful and jerks is beyond dispute. You don't wind up with a lot of regard for their intelligence, which raises the question, how dangerous are they?","Very. When I say they are not the brightest, they were not the brightest light bulbs in the socket. The people I was dealing with were not. David Duke, in spite of his having - at that time, he had a master's degree in political science from Louisiana State University. I merely had a high school education and about 12 hours of college credit. So the very fact that he was being conned by somebody with a lower degree of education than him, I'll admit, I got a particular thrill out of that. But let nobody who reads my book think that these people because they weren't the brightest light bulbs in the socket were not and are not dangerous. They were very serious.","What do you think you learned about the KKK and racism and bigotry during those months?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person who shook my hand is a member of the KKK","questions":"How did the person shake PersonA's hand?","answer":"Klan"}
{"text":["What's this program, Becoming a Man, meant to you and other students and your friends?","It means a lot. It gives you insight of how to be a man and take care of your business and have integrity, visionary goal-setting and respect for one another. It helps you be more aware of who you are and what you could do with your life.","Tell us a bit about your life, could you, and your family.","I'm the youngest of six, which is hard to be sometimes, because you get bossed around by everybody in the house. Come from a single-parent home - my mom. Dad was never around. I have sickle cell anemia, so I persevered over that. We had good times and bad times, you know, just like any other family. But we're very close."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  I'm the youngest of six, which is hard to be sometimes, because you get bossed around by everybody in the house.","questions":"What is the reason for the difficulty faced by the youngest child in the family?","answer":"Bossed"}
{"text":["So we've now been looking at harmless bacteria, so - and we've been using that as a model system. So there's, I think, two major interests. One is a biological one, a microbiological one, is understanding bacteria better. And so it turns out there's also a number of pathogens that wear these coats, and so we would really like to look at what they look like and how they're able to interact with the host. And another interest is that because they are these highly ordered structures - and really the proteins, they assemble themselves, and that's a property that material sciences are interested in. So it's those -both those aspects that are interesting.","If the bacteria have this chainmail that surrounds them, how do nutrients and things get in and out of them?","So it - there you can really compare it like a chainmail. A chainmail is also not just like the armor that we probably know. It is little rings sitting next to each other, and they have holes. The nutrients get across those holes.","And does - do - does the chainmail look the same on all different kinds of bacteria, or are there distinctive patterns on some?Could you say, oh, I recognize that one?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"So it - there you can really compare it like a chainmail.A chainmail is also not just like the armor that we probably know.It is little rings sitting next to each other, and they have holes.The nutrients get across those holes.\" - The actual meaning is that the chainmail-like structure of the bacteria's protein coats allows nutrients to pass through, not that the bacteria are literally wearing chainmail armor.","questions":"What is the analogy used by the speaker to explain how nutrients pass through the chainmail-like structure of the bacteria's protein coats?","answer":"Chainmail"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And that's something that my father always stressed upon my sisters and me and that we've all thought it's very important that you should be engaged in the process. In this case it is a political process, because the process of electing our government leaders is one that will have a direct impact on whether we're here and what we do here. So it's fine to criticize, but at the same time if you're not engaged in the process I feel that's a real discredit to everything you try to protest against.","Do you sense a great excitement among the men and women there about the election?","Well, there's certainly a lot of open questions, a lot of us are wondering if Barack Obama's elected versus John McCain and vice versa, whether that will have an effect not just on this tour, but on future military careers because we have a lot of soldiers and a lot of officers who are planning to make a military career and I'm not one of them. I'm going to be leaving active duty when we return from this tour.","But for those soldiers especially, the big question now is, when and how soon they'll have to deploy to Afghanistan. Because many of these soldiers are on their third, some even on their fourth tour here to Iraq. And so now they're looking at another open ended involvement in Afghanistan. And so they've got a lot of questions about that and so we're really just curious right now what both candidates - what decisions they'll make."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"make a military career\" - this means pursuing a long-term career in the military, not literally constructing a military career.","questions":"Which term is used to describe pursuing a long-term career in the military?","answer":"Career"}
{"text":[". . . Version of this book. When I'm writing - whether it be these hundreds of songs or this, you know, 300-page collection of complete sentences - in order to do it, I have to pretend I'm alone. But when I sat down to record the audiobook, I thought, oh, I can't pretend I'm alone anymore. Now I'm really sharing my most intimate thoughts with whoever - which is insane. Get me out of here.","(Laughter) So you've always had this - this tension around intimacy.","Yeah.","You crave it so much, but it also scares you. I mean, the decision to shave your head - even this is about intimacy in some way, isn't it?Because when I think about a woman who shaves her head, it feels like a very powerful move. It also feels intimate. Like, hey, here I am. This is me. Like. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A's decision to shave her head is about intimacy and power.","questions":"Which aspect of PersonA's decision to shave her head is emphasized in the statement?","answer":"Emphasized"}
{"text":["I was shocked by that on a number of levels. You know, the first thing that shocked people about the call, obviously, is the notion of the president withholding military aid and trying to bully the Ukrainians into doing personal favors. This is, obviously, a big deal. But in the middle of all that, what struck me and, as I say, even shocked me was his willingness to disparage our ambassador to Ukraine in a call with a foreign leader, referring to her as the woman and saying she was bad news and then vaguely but, frankly, ominously saying to the president of Ukraine that she was going to go through some things.","Let's give her name. It's Marie Yovanovitch. Tell us about her. What's her reputation in the diplomatic community?","So Marie Yovanovitch - and she goes by Masha. Masha was one of the most respected and longstanding members of our foreign service. She has, I think, been in the foreign service for over 30 years, served all around the world and most recently and in the most senior positions, obviously, as ambassador to Ukraine, until she was removed prematurely in May, but before that, also ambassador to Armenia and ambassador to Kyrgyzstan.","The State Department has said that the ambassador concluded her three-year diplomatic assignment in Kyiv as planned, that there was no kind of retribution or she was not yanked back unceremoniously. Why are there doubts on that in the diplomatic community?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person was surprised greatly by the information and it affected many of their thoughts and emotions. They were not struck but what they saw made them notice it and think about it more.","questions":"What was the person's reaction to the president's comments about the ambassador?","answer":"Surprised"}
{"text":["It's really - it's really unlike any other church in the city and, you know, very, very few in Europe. It's not simply a church. It's almost like stepping into a kind of medieval marketplace inside. It's enormous. It's - there's always a hurly burly. And there's always a - you know, numerous things going on in there.","Well, now, we were seeing reports that officials are saying the fire might be connected to the renovation work going on in there. You've reported on the renovations for Time. What kind of shape was the cathedral in before this fire?","Well, you know, for years they have been saying that the church was in terrible shape. And in fact, church officials had taken me up onto the roof not that long ago, when I was reporting this for Time, to show me how pieces of the building were simply dropping off. They described the gargoyles, the medieval faces on the side of the church, as being like ice cream melting in the sun. They would simply, like, drop away. The church had no money to replace them or restore them. And so they were using, like, PVC pipes to just, you know, stick on the side of the walls where the gargoyles had been. And. . .","Oh, my goodness, wow. I mean, Notre Dame is one of the most iconic symbols of Paris. Can you talk about the cultural significance of this cathedral for France?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The church is unique and busy, unlike any other church in the city and very few in Europe.","questions":"What was the atmosphere like inside the church?","answer":"Busy"}
{"text":["I guess that's the point. We don't know who it is.","But I will give you a little clue. Watch Murray State, from the highly unheralded Ohio Valley Conference, mainly because of one player. It is a super-guard named Ja Morant. He leads the nation in assists per game. He loves to dunk. He is an absolute whirl on the court. And where he came from is the fun part of this story. So he was way off the radar screen of coaches and scouts. He was a high school kid from a small town in South Carolina. A Murray State assistant goes down to his town to scout some players. So he's in this gym. He gets hungry and asks someone, OK, where's the concession stand?They tell him. He leaves the main gym.","On his way to the concession stand, he hears a basketball bouncing in a side gym. He pokes his head in, and who does he see?Ja Morant playing in a three-on-three game. He is dazzled. He calls the head coach of Murray State and says, this kid's going to be a pro. He's now in the tournament, and he's coming to an NBA city soon.","Wow."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using metaphors or analogies to convey a complex idea or emotion in a more relatable or understandable way.","questions":"What literary device might the speaker be using to convey a complex idea or emotion in a more relatable or understandable way?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["First week of the season, a young boy - he has the ball over his head. He's ready to make the throw-in. And a spectator on the sideline puts her hands on the child's shoulders, spins him around so he'd be redirecting the ball to a different player. So I blew my whistle. And I said - is this your child?And she said, no, this is not my child. So I explained to her, I said, you can never, ever, ever, ever touch a player.","So this was a cry for civility, not I'm sick and tired and can't take it anymore?","That's correct. This is a cry for civility. This is a plea for everyone to join me and everyone else who believes that we can have a fun, fair and safe experience in which sanity is expressed on the sideline.","Well, it sounds that you're complaining less that your feelings were hurt than the youngsters might be getting a very bad example of what it is to be an adult."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : so this was a cry for civility, not I'm sick and tired and can't take it anymore?","questions":"What was PersonB's initial assumption in response to PersonA's story?","answer":"Assumption"}
{"text":["My pleasure.","Your Honor, take us back to your courtroom in 1999, when you convicted Mr.  Kagan of murder. You're not saying that he didn't shoot Wavell Wint, are you?","No. I'm saying he shot him, I believe, in self-defense.","Well, a lot of eyewitnesses say that, of course, the gun belonged to Donald Kagan and they saw him brandishing that gun."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implies that the judge believes that the shooting was done out of self-defense, even though others may say differently.","questions":"What was the reason for the shooting?","answer":"Self-defense"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, I mean, this last week, for instance, (laughter) in the last four days, I went on tour because my husband was going to be traveling. And so I left for the three days when he was gone, had three shows in two days. So I was away from my kids for just the 24 hours. Flew back in this morning. We had lunch all together just now. And then I came over here to be with you guys. So we just do it all as a family.","We count it as an adventure. I'm always talking to my kids about it. You know, this is an adventure. This is such a fun experience. And we use the time together out in the world as an opportunity to explore and an opportunity to teach our children and to allow them to see the nation.","Julianna, why six days?What - how did you come up with that magic number?","I have no idea. And it is not - I don't know. It's not a magic number. It's not like the golden ticket to a perfect marriage. But for us, it was a starting point. It was, all right, we've got to draw the line in the sand somewhere, and a week just felt too long (laughter). And every single spring, we sit down for about four to eight hours with our teams. And we - I get one of those massive calendars. And we literally go through and write down every city that we're going to be in. We write in date nights. We write in family date days. We write in. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn (2) has a meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is using the phrase \"count it as an adventure\" figuratively to mean that they view their travels and time away from home as an exciting experience for the family, rather than just a regular trip.","questions":"How does the speaker in turn 1 view their travels and time away from home?","answer":"Adventure"}
{"text":["Well, we got a response from a listener in Athens, Georgia, when our bloggers discussed whether black media outlets were balanced when covering Barack Obama. Scott Dugan (ph) wrote us this. I am surprised to find no mention of the constant comments from the media and McCain campaign that Obama was behaving presumptuously during his trip abroad. To me, these comments are all short hand for calling Obama uppity. Why have you called the media and the McCain campaign out on this?","And this month we're doing a series on addiction. Vernon Martin (ph) in Hollywood, Florida, wrote in to say he liked the segment we did last week on functioning addicts. So many times we conjure the wrong view in our minds about functioning addicts. They're found practicing law, operating, or assisting in operating rooms, teachers, police officers, construction workers or any other person maintaining a career. As a drug and alcohol counselor, I have seen all of them.","And last week, we covered the news that Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick was sent to jail. Peter Williams (ph) lives in the Motor City and wrote us this. Your panel missed the point on Mayor Kilpatrick. The problem is not his unfaithfulness to his marriage. It is that he wrongfully fired three police officers who, while performing their duties, might have uncovered the affair. That is the type of abuse of public trust that warrants his dismissal.","And finally, Victor Emanuel (ph) in Inglewood, New Jersey wrote in about the interview we did about a black reporter who was thrown out of a John McCain event. Victor thought we cut the story short."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It implies that media and the McCain campaign were biased as they have used coded language to criticize Obama, and that this language is racially charged.","questions":"What was the topic of discussion in the bloggers' conversation that prompted Scott Dugan's response?","answer":"Balanced"}
{"text":["If you're a minority professional and you grow up understanding that there will be expectations placed upon you that you have to overcome, the reality of it is, if you go into this thinking you can just be good you'll end up with a mediocre career. And so \"Good is Not Enough\" is really just a sounding call to minority professionals saying, hey, you know, we can be players at this level but we can't just play good, we have to excel.","Let's break down a few of the things you say matter. One is networking. Why so important?","Networking is so important because in this day and age a lot of the jobs, a lot of the opportunities that will come your way will not be through Monster, will not be through the want ads, it will be through networking. And so from a career perspective the opportunities will come your way from networking, but more importantly networking is a great opportunity to learn from others who have been down the road that you're trying to go. For example, if, I met a company right now - I'm at Pitney Bowes, and I love being there - but if I were to look at an opportunity at IBM, if I had a network that includes someone at IBM, I could actually call and get a better idea of what it is I'm stepping into, because corporate culture is just critical.","But how do you find someone who is a peer or a mentor at another company?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Good is not enough for minority professionals to excel, they need to overcome expectations placed on them","questions":"Which professionals need to overcome expectations to excel?","answer":"Minority."}
{"text":["I understand, Mr.  Doyle, that you and other members of the Watergate investigation team still with us - well, you have reunions now and then. And I gather for the first time you had a reunion on the actual anniversary of the Saturday Night Massacre. What are the - my 15 year old now says, you know, what's the tea?What went on there?","Three weeks ago, Saturday night October 20, the Watergate Special Prosecution Force held a reunion. It was the 45th anniversary of the Saturday Night Massacre. None of the senior leaders are any longer with us. But the young idealists who had been in their 20s back when we began, they all showed up in their 60s and 70s as earnest as ever, as idealistic as ever and still full of hope.","Sorry.","No, I think someone was talking to you, telling you that, I think, we're running out of time. But did you want to make the final point?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The young idealists who attended the reunion are still passionate and hopeful despite their age","questions":"What was the attitude of the young idealists at the reunion?","answer":"Hopeful"}
{"text":["I joined in April 2016. And I did not get my security results until June of 2018. I spent more than two years in limbo. And that period was mind-crushing.","Yeah. And then what happened in July?","I got a call from my recruiter. And they said that I did not clear my background checks due to my foreign ties with my parents in Pakistan.","Your foreign ties - your foreign ties were the fact that you were born in Pakistan to Pakistani parents."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The fact that A's parents were from Pakistan led to their failure in background checks.","questions":"What was the reason for PersonA's failure in background checks?","answer":"Ties"}
{"text":["They have indeed. They've been subject to very serious, tough sanctions in the past not just from the United States but from the entire international community. That's involved restrictions on their energy sector, their banking sector and an array of other economic sectors.","How have they gotten around them?","Well, in some instances, they haven't been able to. So during the period of most intensive, multilateral sanctions on Iran - this is 2012 to 2015 - they had great difficulty evading sanctions. It happened here and there, certainly when it came to sales of oil, certain cargoes or bartering - financial bartering - some smuggling activities. But the fear now is that, in an instance where there's unilateral sanctions on Iran, it may have ample opportunity to cheat and evade these sanctions.","Unilateral meaning, of course, just the United States. So it'll be tougher for the sanctions to have any effect if, for example, China or Russia and, let's say, Germany don't go along.","Right, exactly. So right now the European Union, in general, and the E3, in particular, have - that being the United Kingdom, France and Germany - have expressed an interest in maintaining their commitment to the deal. And that means continuing to give Iran economic relief promised to it under the deal. That means potentially violating U. S.  sanctions or creating ways for European companies to not abide by U. S.  sanctions.","And how does the U. S.  respond, at least under this administration?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies that A believes that the sanctions would have been better it were multilateral sanctions and not unilateral.","questions":"Which kind of sanctions would PersonA prefer?","answer":"Multilateral"}
{"text":["Not necessarily. Sinkholes can happen for many different reasons at different times. However, we do tend to see sinkholes occur more often during high precipitation events, so during a wet season, for instance. The - if you have a void underground and in the soil it tends to work its way toward the surface. And so then you have - and we don't necessarily see any kind of subsidence on the surface if it's a nice, tight, clay soil.","But when you add a lot of water to it, you're adding - you know, water weighs a lot. So you're adding that weight to that soil bridge, basically, over that void. And once you get to a certain amount of weight, it'll collapse. The other situation is during droughts. Water tables will drop, so that'll give you a little bit more instability for what's on the surface, but also clay holds water very well.","And during a drought, you might dry up the water that's in that clay. And clay, you know, that water is basically like a glue. It's adhesive. And if you lose that adhesion, you also can get sinkholes.","Is there a way to detect if you have a sinkhole under your property someplace?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Deep holes in the ground that appear suddenly and continue to keep deeper happen for different reasons at different times.","questions":"What tends to work its way toward the surface if there is a void underground and in the soil?","answer":"b"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","But - so in any event, do you really want to put yourself on the side of people that cut even 3 percent from the Meals on Wheels budget?","Well, from a political standpoint, you're right. But this is the problem for whatever the not-left-of-center crew is, now that it's gotten so diverse in the era of Trump is - who's going to talk about how it works?Back to repealing Obamacare, there is a method going forward that works. It involves using tax credits to let people shop. And their choices drive down prices and create more products that they want to buy. But no one's talk about that because you're trapped in this Trump gravitational conversational field.","Well, we'll have you back. We have to cut the conversation short. Michael Graham is podcast editor for The Weekly Standard."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Actual meaning: A is pointing out the lack of discussion and attention given to a potential solution to a problem due to the dominance of the Trump-related discourse. Literal meaning: A is discussing a method of repealing Obamacare that involves tax credits and encourages consumer choice.","questions":"How is PersonA proposing to drive down prices and create more products in the healthcare market?","answer":"Tax"}
{"text":["The premise is that I guess people step into his life when they step into his cab. And he doesn't want to get involved but has to, right?","That's it. I mean, he's abiding maximum life, as it should be with all cabdrivers. I mean, come on. It's please don't get involved with your customers because it can only end in tears. (Laughter).","Will.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) is a short form of \"I will,\" meaning \"I understand,\" indicating agreement with the speaker's sentiment.","questions":"How did PersonA respond to PersonB's statement in turn 3?","answer":"Laughter"}
{"text":["Unfortunately, we know that the homeless individuals who are unsheltered and living in the street are disproportionately burdened with behavioral health challenges, mental disease, substance abuse disorders. And so if a nurse from the government shows up with a syringe and says, hey, I'm here from the government. I'm here to help you. Take this shot - it's not so simple. We have had to spend a tremendous amount of time building trust, providing education and making the case for why receiving a vaccine is such a critical opportunity for them to protect their health.","What are the symptoms of hepatitis A?","These are symptoms that basically reflect inflammation of the liver. And the most common symptoms are basically fever, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, significant abdominal pain, the loss of appetite. And then one of the telltale things is either darkening of the urine or what's called jaundice, which is the common yellowing of the eyes and the yellow hue of the skin, indicating liver enzymes being spilled into the bloodstream. So jaundice is also a very common symptom.","Dr.  Yphnatides, if you think long term about changes you would want to see made to prevent another outbreak like this in the future, where does that take you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Implied meaning: Symptoms of hepatitis A include fever, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, significant abdominal pain, the loss of appetite, darkening of the urine, and jaundice.","questions":"How many symptoms of hepatitis PersonA are mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Eight"}
{"text":["If you ask the Tunisians in the streets what are their struggles daily, they will tell you economic problems. Tunisia is really facing tremendous challenges. We saw a decline of GDP per capita for Tunisians, which is unprecedented. Tunisians struggle in daily life. And then the currency is devaluating a lot. And so we are still really looking forward toward these elections if they could bring relief, economically speaking.","There are 26 candidates, more than even have run on the Democratic primary for president in the United States.","As surprising as it is. And I will tell you that in the beginning, there were actually about 90. But then only 26 made the legal requirements.","Are there any two or three who seem to be more prominent than the others right now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Tunisians are the average people that go to work each day.","questions":"What is the main issue faced by Tunisians according to A?","answer":"Economic"}
{"text":["Well, the state of the free world is at stake as always in college football, as you know. I really feel that the one thing about college football that people do gravitate toward - I'm not a huge college football fan myself - but I feel like what it does to people who really care about it is that it really is a winner-take-all type of thing. You kind of have to win every single game. You lose one game and your national title hopes are dashed. So, when you have a big matchup early and you're just getting started, this is a big game. Well, I think it's a bigger game for Michigan and for Alabama, naturally, because Alabama is defending national championship. They'll be there at the end. But if you're Michigan, this is a good chance early on to show what you've got.","I guess things don't look so great for my Boise State Broncos, right?This is a rebuilding year in Boise.","Exactly. And I was thinking that last night when they lost. I said, oh, well, goodness, Boise State lost one game therefore their entire future has been destroyed, and for - at least there's next year, right?","At least there's next year. Howard Bryant, senior writer at ESPN. com and ESPN the Magazine. Howard, thanks so much. Have a good U. S.  Open."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"I said, oh, well, goodness, Boise State lost one game therefore their entire future has been destroyed, and for - at least there's next year, right?\" - The actual meaning of this turn is sarcastic, implying that losing one game does not mean the end of the world or the destruction of Boise State's future, and that there is always another chance next year.","questions":"What was the tone of the PersonA's statement about Boise State's loss?","answer":"Sarcastic"}
{"text":["Right. And the car companies wanted a bigger tax credit for consumers to buy their cars, and they didn't get that.","And I think one of the controversies over that is, who do you give it to and what do you give it for?Because you have to remember that GM, Ford and Chrysler build a substantial number of cars in Mexico and Canada. You also have carmakers like Toyota, Honda and Mercedes building cars in the United States. So, would it be American-built or built by an America-based company?And that is part of the reason why we're not seeing that.","So, GM and Chrysler will be unveiling their plans on Tuesday. What if they don't pass muster?What if Treasury doesn't like them?","First of all, the plans that they unveil on Tuesday, they will then have to go back and then finalize the terms by March 31st. There's an expectation by some people in the auto industry that they will go to the Treasury Department, say, your terms are too strict for us. Look at the economy, we can't possibly meet them. And that they'll just rewrite the terms of these loans. In fact, I would say there's a pretty wide expectation of that happening. But when the Bush administration actually gave the loans, they said that the money was meant to possibly pave the way for an orderly Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing. And so, now the question will be, can they actually restructure, or will we see one of these companies file for bankruptcy?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : GM and Chrysler will be revealing their plans on Tuesday and what if they are not good enough or liked by everyone.","questions":"How will GM and Chrysler's plans be evaluated?","answer":"Evaluate"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","Did that work for you?","Yeah. I mean, because it's similar to what the TV show does. They tease some things. Some things get a few seconds. Some things are the main themes. And I felt that they really focused on two main lines here. I think, for me, they were the two main themes of this one. One is that downstairs, it turns out that the royals come with their own servants. And their own servants are very snooty. They're snootier than the king and queen. . . .","Yeah.",". . . As it turns out. And upstairs, the Dowager countess, Maggie Smith - no one else - is dealing with succession issues and who's going to run things in the future. And that also becomes an interesting plot. So those are the two main ones for me. But there's all kinds of other ones that are kind of peeking in around the edges.","I didn't think Maggie Smith could shine any more than she does in the television series, but she really did."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : They don't think Maggie Smith could look any better or do her job any better than on television.","questions":"What did PersonB think of Maggie Smith's performance in the movie?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["That's an essential mineral.","That's a big left turn for me. OK.","So we're going to - just a little pinch in there. I think that's nice. And then a little ice. And then we'll give it a little shaky-shake (ph), and then I'll pour you a drink here.","It's very pretty."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4), the speaker is commenting on something that is described as \"very pretty.\" The literal meaning of the turn is that the speaker finds the thing being referred to visually attractive. However, the implied meaning of the turn is unclear and could depend on the context of the conversation. The turn could be a sincere expression of admiration, or it could be a polite or perfunctory comment that does not reflect the speaker's true feelings. Alternatively, the turn could be sarcastic or ironic, indicating that the speaker does not actually find the thing being referred to as attractive as it may seem.","questions":"Which turn involves a comment on something described as \"very pretty\"?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["This is SCIENCE FRIDAY. I'm Flora Lichtman, filling in for Ira Flatow this week. Last week, when Hurricane Sandy sent a surge of salty water into cities and towns up and down the East Coast, among the casualties were thousands of research subjects: lab mice. A building at New York University's Medical Center flooded, and thousands of mice and rats that were being used to study cancer, heart disease and all kinds of other medical disorders died.","What does this mean for the researchers who relied upon these animals?Do scientists back up mice?Here to tell us more is Gordon Fishell. He's the associate director of the NYU Neuroscience Institute at New York University here in Manhattan. Welcome to the show.","Pleasure to be here.","How was your lab affected by this?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Hurricane Sandy flooded the east coast and a building and means that mice which was use for cancer study died which was a lab located in the building which was flooded.","questions":"What was being studied using the lab mice that died due to Hurricane Sandy's effects?","answer":"b"}
{"text":["But you're right, the visual representations that she makes are stunning. She has beautiful people dressed very fashionably, speaking in this, you know, very outspoken, opinionated way. And I had just never seen this, and when I looked up some of the references about her, I could find much on her. So I made it my job to gather up all I could find, and ended up writing a book.","You have a picture in the book of her with Duke Ellington in the mid-'50s at a party. That shows - you know, and she's, you know, there on his arm. And so she must have had quite a standing in the community.","Well, she did. She was known for putting on fashion shows in South Side Chicago, where she lived. She was very well-dressed, and, in fact, later, some of her cartoon comic strips would have paper dolls with high fashion in them. So she was very keyed in to the fashion world and to fashionable people.","Her husband, Earl, managed upscale hotels in the South Side, because at this time, entertainers, travelers, businesspeople of color could not get a room in The Loop. So there were several elegant hotels on the South Side, and Earl managed one of those. They lived in the hotel. And I think from there, as well as from her own stature as a cartoonist whose work was read every week coast to coast, she did gain a lot of stature and a lot of friends."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - The literal meaning of this turn is that there is a picture in the book of Jackie Ormes with Duke Ellington, and it suggests that Jackie Ormes had a high standing in the community. However, the implied meaning is that Jackie Ormes was a prominent figure in the community who was associated with famous and successful people like Duke Ellington, which further emphasizes her influence and importance.","questions":"Which cartoonist was associated with Duke Ellington?","answer":"Jackie-Ormes"}
{"text":["Right.","In south L. A. , it's black-Latino. Do you think that the NAACP will or should reach out to particularly other people of color to try to form coalitions?","Well that's been something that Julian Bond has been emphasizing throughout his chairmanship. I'm not sure the various precedents, the CEOs understood it. But it's the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. And Du Bois said at the beginning of the century that it was not jut black people, but black, brown, yellow all the colored races that had to work together. So I think that - and Jealous comes from a community and background where he is very much aware of that. I think the NAACP needs to do it, whatever the tensions are, whatever the issues are, whether it's housing or whose turf is available to whom, or immigration or whatever it is, jobs. I think the NAACP has to that, and I think Ben will do that.","Now, when it comes to civil rights, I talked to a young activist who is very much within the black community. His entire focus is on young black men and yet he hates the term civil rights. He thinks civil rights, the term, has undermined civil rights, the movement, because it's outdated, in his opinion. What do you think on that score?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The NAACP needs to work with people of color regardless of tensions or issues","questions":"What organization needs to work with people of color regardless of tensions or issues?","answer":"NAACP"}
{"text":["Little Africa was rough. It scared me to death. It produced a sense of claustrophobia. My luck was that I had parents who were college educated. They were community oriented. And for my brothers and I, it was never a question of whether we were going to get out, whether in fact we were going to go to college, but when we were going to get out and where we were going to college. So, I was blessed to have those parents.","Well, professor, when you think about some of the fundamental distinctions that you're making in this book is really the question whether or not black intellectuals have an obligation to majority black communities, particularly ones that are dealing with issues of poverty.","What's you're litmus test for who you consider to be people who were acting on behalf of the broader community?","I think the litmus test is what they say in their own words and to whom they say it, and the way they portray or characterize the black majority. Finally, I guess it would be a great divide. Do they plump down with a very serious and a structural analysis of why some people live in an objection in the United States and elsewhere, or do they opt for a behavioral explanation saying that they're just apathetic and they tend toward bad behavior. And if they would just change their behavior, things would be better for them. So, that's sort of in a nutshell."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Do they opt for a behavioral explanation saying that they're just apathetic and they tend toward bad behavior. And if they would just change their behavior, things would be better for them.\" - The literal meaning is that some people believe that the behavior of certain individuals in the black community is the cause of their problems, and if they changed their behavior, things would improve. The actual meaning is that this is a simplistic and flawed explanation for the complex issues facing the black community, and ignores the structural and systemic factors that contribute to their problems.","questions":"What is the professor's litmus test for determining whether someone is acting on behalf of the broader community?","answer":"Words"}
{"text":["Sorry. Sorry. Well, one more sticky issue. You got some pushback from a song - on the song, \"Wish You Were Gay. \"And people were hoping it would become an anthem for the LGBTQ community. But some people are actually not pleased about it. They feel that it's - there's pushback about it. And how do you think about that?","You know what I think is that everybody has a right to feel exactly what they feel. And it's not anyone's place to tell somebody that their being offended is not correct, you know?It's, like, that's a thing that you can't control. And if somebody doesn't feel OK with something, then you have to respect that and understand that and not try to fight that.","And so I knew writing that song that - it wasn't meant as an insult. And it wasn't meant to be offensive in any way. So for me, I didn't even really think about it because it was so not at all. . .","O'CONNELL: Controversial to us.",". . . Controversial in my mind because I thought of it as almost like a positive thing."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Everyone should respect other people's feelings and not try to control them, even if they don't agree.","questions":"How should people respond to others who are offended by something?","answer":"Respect"}
{"text":["And she - my wife went and found the chaplain at Northwestern - a Lutheran chaplain who'd never performed a wedding before. She came to our room and performed the ceremony, just the three of us. It was a lovely, personal, intimate ceremony. And immediately after the ceremony, I took some pain medication and peed in a cup.","Well, that's one way to say l'chaim, isn't it?I made a short list: addiction abuse, adultery, abandonment, imminent incest and just plain old hatred. So is every family is a little bit like the Westons of Osage County?","What we have seen by doing this play is that the story of this family is pretty universal. And the dinner scene alone, in the theater - I can tell you that some people are howling with laughter, and other people are in tears and crawling under their seats. They find it very upsetting to watch because it hits pretty close to home.","\"Fiddler on the Roof\" with the F word?","That's one way to look at it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : crawling under their seats implies people don't enjoy what they are watching","questions":"How do some people react to the dinner scene in the theater?","answer":"Upsetting"}
{"text":["He wanted two basic political reforms. The major one is called open primary electoral system. And essentially, what that means, instead of having Democrats run against Democrats and Republicans against Republicans in primary elections in the state, you would throw all of them into the mix and the top two vote-getters would advance to the general election. And the idea, if you believe proponents, is that it would allow kind of more moderate candidates to survive what are now hardest in the primary election. Instead, that you'll be catering to kind of a more moderate, wider electorate in the primary.","So, finally there is a budget. How has Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger reacted to this?","He hasn't said a whole lot yet, but his - I know that his staff is celebrating. This is a huge win for the governor. The framework is essentially what he's been calling for, for months. He's been urging both political parties to come out of their ideological corners. This has been his calling card for the past year, and if you look at the outline that he unveiled three months ago, this budget blueprint is essentially everything that he asked for. It's a major win for the governor.","And in his latest version of the budget, who were the big winners and losers?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Open primary electoral system would help moderate candidates.","questions":"What is the major political reform that proponents believe would allow more moderate candidates to advance in primary elections?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Well, first of all, you have to question your decision as to whether or not you're at the end of the road. You're in the road if somebody's hitting on you, no doubt about it, you're at the end of the road. But you have to really question, am I at the end of the road?Or am I just at the beginning of a road where I need help. You need to go to a marriage counselor to make sure that decision needs to be made.","In this current economic situation where houses have lost value, I mean, it's unique in that sense, sometimes, and that's usually the biggest asset that anybody has, that has, and there's been a study done on it recently, compelled people who would otherwise divorce to stay together. So once you have, made a decision that economically, it is not feasible, you have to make it emotionally reasonable, and you have to do something to address the emotional issues that you have because you simply cannot get out.","If you just had one sentence of advice for someone who really does think that they've reached the end of the road, but the other person in the relationship says no, we haven't. What would you say to that person?","Go to a marriage counselor. Go to a third party and work it because you don't know where it went wrong, probably."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The road is a metaphor, not literal. It refers to the path a people take from a happy marriage to needing divorce. End of the road is the latter.","questions":"Which word is used as a metaphor for the path a people take from a happy marriage to needing divorce?","answer":"Road"}
{"text":["Well, just briefly, people must be awfully nervous because, of course, there's aftershocks. Well, just briefly, people must be awfully nervous because, of course, there's aftershocks. Well, just briefly, people must be awfully nervous because, of course, there's aftershocks.","Absolutely. Absolutely. Absolutely. And let me just tell you, since I first got here, Renee, I have felt under my feet many, many aftershocks. And let me just tell you, since I first got here, Renee, I have felt under my feet many, many aftershocks. And let me just tell you, since I first got here, Renee, I have felt under my feet many, many aftershocks. And the U. S.  Geological Survey confirms aftershocks are taking place here. And the U. S.  Geological Survey confirms aftershocks are taking place here. And the U. S.  Geological Survey confirms aftershocks are taking place here. I feel maybe. . . I feel maybe. . . I feel maybe. . .","Right. Right. Right.",". . . Every few minutes, and there's been hundreds of aftershocks that are 2. 5 magnitude or higher. . . . Every few minutes, and there's been hundreds of aftershocks that are 2. 5 magnitude or higher. . . . Every few minutes, and there's been hundreds of aftershocks that are 2. 5 magnitude or higher. And as you mentioned, people are nervous. And as you mentioned, people are nervous. And as you mentioned, people are nervous."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : THe aftershocks means that there are tremors after the main earthquake that take people by surprise.","questions":"Which term describes the unexpected seismic activity that happens after an earthquake?","answer":"Aftershocks"}
{"text":["They thought he was a clown. They didn't think he was serious. There's obviously a lot of history because he owned the USFL's New Jersey Generals. But no, I mean, I think between the league looking at his books or wanting to look at his books and people seeing the way Trump has operated over the years, I think many of these people or most of these people wanted no part of doing business with him.","This book, I think it's fair to say, begins with your adoration for Tom Brady. And the. . .","It doesn't begin with it, but yes, it is definitely a part of it. I have to be transparent about my. . .","Oh, yes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They thought he was a joke or not a serious person","questions":"Which word describes the way people viewed Trump's business operations?","answer":"No."}
{"text":["And then there's the hurricane season that starts in the Atlantic tomorrow.","Yeah. And of course, hurricanes are changing as the Earth warms. This is sort of the classic, archetypal climate-affected weather system. They're getting larger and wetter. They're dropping more rain. Think Hurricane Harvey in Texas in 2017. Think Hurricane Florence in the Carolinas last year. This year, the Weather Service predicts a normal year. I'm putting that in scare quotes. That means two to four major hurricanes. But it only takes one of those hitting the U. S.  to do a lot of damage, so it all adds up to just an enormous amount of flood danger for a lot of Americans.","That's NPR science reporter Rebecca Hersher. Becky, thank you.","Thanks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Hurricanes are becoming more dangerous due to climate change","questions":"What weather phenomenon is becoming larger and wetter due to climate change?","answer":"hurricane"}
{"text":["Well, after a while the winnings that I was getting wasn't enough. I always wanted more. And I found myself after a win and if I had to leave, I would always find myself the quickest opportunity to go back and win more and to win more and then I find myself going there every night and on the weekends and every opportunity. But in the winnings, I started to lose as well. And the more I lost, the more I wanted to return and reclaim my losses. And basically that got me started on a whirlwind and a cycle of - seem like never ending.","How deep do you think you were in it in terms of losses, total losses?","Oh, goodness. I would not say millions. But I would say hundreds of thousands.","And it changed your behavior with your friends and family, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker lost a significant amount of money through gambling.","questions":"How much money did the speaker lose through gambling?","answer":"Hundreds"}
{"text":["Now, I would imagine that most of these interviews took place in the South, and that most of these people were either octogenarians or something older at the time that you talked to them, were they?","Let's try centenarians.","Centenarians.","Centenarians. The oldest person I interviewed was 112 and I think the youngest was 86, a man named Christopher Sadox Wright(ph) in California. The 112-year-old, I was not able to include because she did not have all of her faculties. She didn't remember much about her family or her years as - you know, she didn't really remember much about yesterday."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Octogenarians would be someone who is at lesat 80 years old.","questions":"What is the age range of the youngest person PersonA interviewed?","answer":"86"}
{"text":["A lot of people are very skeptical of the talks. The government, before even going to Geneva, voiced their concern that they're not going to Geneva to negotiate or deal. They just wanted to go to Geneva to make sure that the Houthis will comply when the U. N.  see a resolution. So to begin with, the political parties were in Geneva not to talk, not for dialogue, not to negotiate. They were there for blinking contests.","And what's the mood there in the capital?","A lot of people are depressed 'cause pretty much everybody was hoping that there's going to be some sort of a truce, especially now that it's the month of Ramadan. It is the holy month for four weeks where people fast. People - they don't actually have food to begin with. But it's a religious month where people fast, so we were hoping for some sort of a cease-fire, some sort of a truce where the blockade will be lifted so that the aid will come in, so that the commercial vessels now stuck at the seaports will be allowed to move in. Yemen imports 90 percent of its food, so we're in dire need of those commercial vessels to be allowed into the country. Unfortunately, the Geneva talks ended without the lifting of the blockade, without a truce being agreed upon.","We should explain to our listeners that blockade has been led by Saudi naval forces to keep weapons out of the hands of rebels. You have said that you're both anti-Houthi and anti-airstrikes. How do you solve one problem without the other?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"solve one problem without the other\" - This is a figurative way of describing a difficult situation where two interconnected problems must be addressed together, rather than separately. It does not literally mean that one problem must be solved without the other.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of \"solve one problem without the other\"?","answer":"Interconnected"}
{"text":["Well, it's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you.","Can you recreate for us in a sense, like our town does, a summer day at that house you loved?","Basically, people woke up as early as they could, as close to dawn. Everyone was kind of on their own once the kids got older and could take care of themselves to fix something for breakfast and start the day however they wanted as long as they were busy.","There was no television, barely a radio. And it would be tuned into very infrequently, generally when the Red Sox were playing. And all you got were scratchy sounds anyway. People were left to just, I guess, invite the outdoors into their hearts and their souls."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Literal meaning: A is thanking Scott for something. Actual meaning: The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning.","questions":"What was the only time the radio was tuned in?","answer":"Red"}
{"text":["A crackdown this week on opioid abuse resulted in federal criminal charges against 60 people accused of illegally prescribing and distributing opioids. They include doctors, nurses and pharmacists. One even allegedly traded drugs for sex. That sting focused on Appalachia, one of the areas hardest hit by the opioid epidemic. It's a mostly rural area where access to health care is already a challenge for residents.","So we wanted to know about the impact of this crackdown on both addicts and people who rely on opioids to manage chronic pain. That's something Dr.  Stephen Loyd has been thinking a lot about over the last few days. He's based in Nashville. And he's the state of Tennessee's former assistant commissioner for substance abuse. He's also a former addict, and now works with addiction recovery programs in the Nashville area. Dr.  Loyd, thank you for talking with us about this.","Thanks so much for having me, Sacha.","More than half the people charged in the sting are from Tennessee, where you live. Seventeen of them are doctors. Give us some perspective on what happens when you remove 17 doctors and other health care officials from a rural area that already has a doctor shortage even if those doctors were doing criminal things?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implies that Dr. Stephen Loyd is a reliable source of information on the subject, and that they are asking him to provide insights on the issue.","questions":"How is Dr. Stephen Loyd positioned to provide insights on the impact of the crackdown?","answer":"Former"}
{"text":["Right.","In south L. A. , it's black-Latino. Do you think that the NAACP will or should reach out to particularly other people of color to try to form coalitions?","Well that's been something that Julian Bond has been emphasizing throughout his chairmanship. I'm not sure the various precedents, the CEOs understood it. But it's the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. And Du Bois said at the beginning of the century that it was not jut black people, but black, brown, yellow all the colored races that had to work together. So I think that - and Jealous comes from a community and background where he is very much aware of that. I think the NAACP needs to do it, whatever the tensions are, whatever the issues are, whether it's housing or whose turf is available to whom, or immigration or whatever it is, jobs. I think the NAACP has to that, and I think Ben will do that.","Now, when it comes to civil rights, I talked to a young activist who is very much within the black community. His entire focus is on young black men and yet he hates the term civil rights. He thinks civil rights, the term, has undermined civil rights, the movement, because it's outdated, in his opinion. What do you think on that score?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The NAACP should form coalitions with other people of color","questions":"How does the NAACP need to work with other people?","answer":"Coalitions"}
{"text":["Hey.","Hey, Farai.","So, what are we talking about?","Well, it's a service that HuffingtonPost. com is offering. It's called Fundraece 2008. All you do is enter a street address and the site provides the names, addresses and occupations of the people who live in that area and the candidates they've backed and how much they've given them. And you can search by a person's name or by a company for instance if you want to see how political support breaks down in a place like Halliburton or Google or Bank of America. And it seems like an invasion of privacy. But all this campaign information is public and it's all on the Web. And we have a link to that site on our blog.","Wow, sounds like you can have a neighbor-to-neighbor fight. You don't even have to put the sign out in front\u2026","Exactly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The website provides personal and political information about people based on their address, which may be an invasion of privacy.","questions":"How does the website provide information?","answer":"Address"}
{"text":["Yeah, I think it's good. You know, I think it's a good thing. I mean, obviously you're not always going to hear what you want to hear, but you know, it's all part and parcel of growing up and you just kind of like taking things on board. Whether you, you know - it's really down to you whether you want to take a lot of what they say on board. But I actually enjoy reading it, and I don't expect every review to be glowing or anything like that. But I think it's important to kind of know what people feel, and think about your music out there.","(Singing)","In your eyes you'll always be the greatest Something to celebrate it","This is a little bit of a digression, but there are so many people who are African-Brits, or African-Americans, in the sense of having immigrated from Africa, or having parents who did. And I think that there's a moment in time, in the U. S.  in part, because you have a Barack Obama, where people are saying, Oh, well yeah, there's all these different flavors of blackness. How does that play into your work at all?","I don't really - I don't think I'm effected by that, as such, because I kind of am originally I - you know, I was born in Zambia, so I'm African first and foremost.","But you came over so young."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It's important to receive feedback even if it's not always positive.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue suggests that the speaker has received feedback for their music?","answer":"4"}
{"text":["The banks can bring in their junky securities and swap them for cash or treasury bills. And that, on top of interest rate cuts, Bernanke thought would be enough to keep the financial system working until it healed itself. The strategy at the Fed was known as the finger in the dike strategy, keep the water out and eventually things will recover.","But obviously, you know things didn't work out like that. And in the spring, we had the great Bear Stearns crisis, and the Fed was forced to intervene to prevent them going bankrupt. Then, we had another few months where it seemed like things had stabilized, but this thing's like a disease. It goes away for a while, and then, you know, it comes back in a more virulent form.","In September, after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, you know, all hell broke out, basically. And since then, we've had a sort of slow motion collapse of the financial system.","Now, this entire crisis has really tarnished Alan Greenspan's legacy, and he even admitted that his basic economic philosophy is now changed. What about Ben Bernanke?Does he deserve the same criticism?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Alan Greenspan's economic philosophy was flawed, and Ben Bernanke's may also be flawed.","questions":"What was the strategy at the Fed called?","answer":"Bernanke"}
{"text":["This was James Maynard at the University of Montreal.","Yeah, James Maynard, he got the current world record, which is 600. And that was very recently. That was November the 19th he announced it. It was all done on the Internet, and at one stage the record was tumbling at about every half-hour. So, mathematics, which usually takes place over months and years, for a period of a few months was going gangbusters fast. And this record was tumbling down. It seems to have settled at 600. It might creep down. I don't think the methods that we've got now will bring us down to 2. But 2 is within grasp. And because this ancient problem about 2 is within grasp, I would say 2 is absolutely the number of the year in mathematics. It's the number mathematicians have been talking about.","Keith, are there implications for this finding for those of us who think it's got nothing to do with us whatsoever should know nevertheless?","You can bet that whenever there's an advance to do with prime numbers, the intelligence community is absolutely on top of it. Because in our knowledge of the prime numbers lies pretty well all of the secret codes that we use for communications around the world. It's all to do with the difficulty of computing some of the things we know theoretically happen in mathematics."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 4) A: \"You can bet that whenever there's an advance to do with prime numbers, the intelligence community is absolutely on top of it. Because in our knowledge of the prime numbers lies pretty well all of the secret codes that we use for communications around the world. It's all to do with the difficulty of computing some of the things we know theoretically happen in mathematics.\"","questions":"Which community monitors advance in prime numbers?","answer":"Intelligence"}
{"text":["Right. And I think you do see that. And it's interesting you bring up health care. The Koch network has spent hundreds of millions of dollars over the years running issue ads and other advertising themed around health care, pointing to that as a critical issue for them. And I think you're starting to see them move away from that, move towards touting the tax overhaul that Republicans passed last year as a big achievement. I do think that if the tax overhaul hadn't passed, Republicans would have a lot more problems raising money that cycle. I think that you're going to see some checkbooks more open because they were able to pass that.","Let's turn to the Democrats - you know, oddly less well-known' in terms of just these big names. But we do know Tom Steyer. He is the billionaire hedge fund manager who has become so familiar with his ads calling for the impeachment of President Trump. Where will his money be going?","Mr.  Steyer has said that he's going to spend 30 million to help Democrats. He is really supporting the idea of impeaching the president. And so taking the House would allow that to move forward. I think that you're going to see a lot of that money flow into House races, some into Senate and gubernatorial races, which are also important this cycle.","But we do have this split in the Democratic Party, as well, between sort of the more liberal wing, the more activist wing and the other part of the party which is, you know, more traditional. So how will that play out?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Koch network uses health care as a ploy to gain Republican support.","questions":"What issue does the Koch network use to gain Republican support?","answer":"healthcare"}
{"text":["Well, what keeps you up at night?What do you worry about?","Well, I'm worried that this process is getting chaotic. Two and a half years ago, Great Britain had a referendum, decided to leave the European Union. But it did not decide what kind of future relationship it wanted with the 27 member states.","And because this was all about free trade, you have to know that half of the trade of Great Britain is with the other 27 EU member states, and the other half is with other countries in the world, foremost among them, the U. S.  and China. We're one year and four months into the negotiation process. And here, finally, is the proposal of Great Britain - what future relations should be. That's a bit late in the process. This particular proposal should have been there on day one.","Now, at the moment, there are 3 million EU citizens living in Great Britain, and about 1. 2 million British live in EU countries. Their rights are undefined, so it's not clear what they can do. And as you get closer to the deadline, these people are really worried. And by the way, there are industries in which there are quite a few foreigners, so if you take them out all at once, you may also have a problem keeping it going.","In the Netherlands, we know we have 30,000 businesses, mostly small and medium enterprises, that export only to EU countries, Great Britain included. That means that they've never seen a Customs and Excise control officer. They will have to get used to go through Customs and Excise."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Great Britain's proposal for future relations with the EU came late in the negotiation process","questions":"What was delayed in the negotiation process?","answer":"Proposal"}
{"text":["Hmm. Was this a candidate for the - one of your Ig Nobel Prizes?","Everything's a candidate for the Ig Nobel Prize. This one has not won. But the disturbing thing here is what it says that - is that there's a lot of science out there done over generations that assumes that damage to bones had to come from teeth or from knives beforehand. Now we know a lot of damage to bones happens from the chemicals inside the body. So there's a lot science out there that people believe in that may not be quite so correct.","And is that one of the reasons why you put a lot of these stories together in your book, to talk about what science is out there that people may not be aware of?","Yeah, yeah. And I'd like to say that this particular story, by the way, I'm kind of happy with the headline I came up with for that. I called it \"The Tasting of the Shrew. \""],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Not all scientific beliefs are accurate, even if widely accepted.","questions":"What was the disturbing thing that the speaker mentioned about the science done over generations?","answer":"Assumes"}
{"text":["Yeah. So one of those ideas is quite simple, and it's to make the ice bigger. These players out on the ice are massive and fast. And they're running into each other at incredible speeds. And the thought is that if you go to a larger ice surface like they have in Europe, like they have in Olympic hockey, that gives more room to skate, less strife, less collisions, things like that. So that's one idea.","But what it comes down to as well is just the administration of the game and an administrator who has influence over the rules being able to step forward and say, I'm going to put the health and safety of players first. And what they can do - just a few years ago in the Ontario Hockey League in Canada, they brought in a rule that says if you fight more than three times in a season, you're suspended for every fight subsequent to that.","And what do hockey players love most?They love to play the game of hockey. So when you take that away, it really cuts down on the fighting. And what you know what they did?In one season, with the stroke of a pen, they cut fighting in half. So it can be done. It simply requires vision and a courage of conviction.","Jeremy Allingham is a journalist with the CBC, and his new book is called \"Major Misconduct: The Human Cost Of Fighting In Hockey. \"Jeremy, thank you for talking with us about this."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The ruling drastically reduces the number of fights during a game","questions":"How did the Ontario Hockey League cut down on the number of fights in one season?","answer":"suspended"}
{"text":["We're back with Donna Brazile and we're talking about superdelegates and how they can shape the Democratic nominee for president. Donna is a superdelegate, she's also a Democrat, and she's uniquely qualified to speak on those issues for that reason. Donna, welcome back.","Thank you so much for having me.","So I understand that you told the New York Times that basically your niece, among nine million other people, has been lobbying you. What does it feel like to get that \u2014 first of all, how did your niece call up?And, you know, did she know that you were a superdelegate. And what about all the other people who were calling you up?What do you say to them?","Well, first of all, I'm flattered by the amount of attention that we all are getting, not just the superdelegates but those who are out there running for pledge delegate today across the country. Look, Democrats are hungry of a victory. They want change. They are tired of George Bush and they don't want to see four more years of Bush\/Cheney."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Democrats are hungry for a victory\" - This turn has a figurative meaning as the word \"hungry\" is used metaphorically to convey the strong desire for success, rather than a physical hunger for food.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of the word \"hungry\" in turn 3?","answer":"Desire"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","I was going to go as Robert Siegel, so that'll be perfect.","Esquire magazine's editor at large A. J. Jacobs. Happy Halloween, A. J.","Thank you. Happy Halloween, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B is playfully addressing A as A.J. Jacobs, a well-known journalist and author, likely as a joke or as a nod to A's profession.","questions":"Which journalist and author is PersonB playfully addressing PersonA as on Halloween?","answer":"A.J.-Jacobs"}
{"text":["For the last 40, 50 years, the education system has been translated into industry worker-producing system at high end, also, at low end, also. So - and that education system is becoming a reason to be tensed about the examinations themselves, the jobs, the admissions to the higher education classes, and every student was almost dying to get at the top positions. So all this was creating a lot of problem. So that's why we are not touching right now at graduation level; we are just touching about the bottom level - that is, starting from nursery classes to grade 8.","Minister Sisodia, who teaches a happiness class?","So there are 20,000 teachers that we have trained so far to take these classes, and they're taking these classes daily. This is 35-minute class, every day, first half of the morning. One class is for happiness class.","I have to ask, has any teacher said to you, if you want me to teach a happiness class, pay me more?That'll make me happy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The education system is not working properly and is causing a lot of stress for students.","questions":"How are students affected by the education system?","answer":"Stress"}
{"text":["Eastern Congo may be the most dangerous place on Earth, and it's getting worse. A rebel army is moving on the biggest city, Goma. Hundreds of thousands of people are running for their lives. This is the region of infamous ethnic killing between the many people who call themselves Hutus and the far fewer Tutsi.","Hez Holland is a correspondent with Reuters. He's been reporting from Goma. He joins us now. Hez, welcome. And remind us, this is also a region of enormous wealth - timber and minerals. People have been fighting over it for a long time.","At least. It's historically been a curse, what with the mineral wealth and, as you said, the timber, has been something that has been fought over for - since the Belgians. It's always been a place where minerals have been extracted and exploited, and the people have always been just pawns in the great game of any kind of colonial power, really.","Well, now, there's this rebel group led by a man named General Nkunda. He is a former Congolese general. And it is moving on the city of Goma. What are you seeing there now?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Mineral wealth in Congo has caused exploitation and conflict","questions":"How has mineral wealth in Congo contributed to conflict?","answer":"Exploitation"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Now, this didn't just break the record. It sounds like it's shattered it.","Yeah, the previous record was 85 degrees, and it hit 90 degrees on July Fourth, which was crazy.","Crazy. Now, when you say the highest previous record was 85 degrees, well, that's not - you know, OK, 85 degrees. But really - really - it's never close to 90 degrees there, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The new record has surpassed the old one by a large margin.","questions":"Which record?","answer":"Previous"}
{"text":["It was quite emotional. I was at the press conference. And I got a glimpse of the entry wounds. And it took me to an emotional place because the whole narrative has lots of holes that they created. One - gun, gun, gun - that they felt threatened. And two - that he was lunging at them.","Is there a new purpose to your protest now that you have this information?","I think that the purpose will stay the same - and that we want the officers fired. So our target right now is the Sacramento city manager because he's responsible. He's the only one within our city government who can fire officers. Our target really isn't the chief of police, although he's complicit in this dynamic because he hasn't come out with a strong enough statement that this is wrong.","Daniel Hahn is Sacramento's first African-American police chief. He was just sworn in last fall. How do you think he's handling the department overall?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : wounds implies negative impact and not a physical wounds on something or somebody ","questions":"How were the wounds described by A?","answer":"Emotional"}
{"text":["(as Antoine Batiste) Because when it comes to stolen love, Antoine Batiste has always been forced to be the villain. Come on, hit me, my brothers.","That series, of course, set in post-Katrina New Orleans, Pierce's hometown, where he could not help but notice that neighborhoods that gave birth to some of America's best-known cuisine had become virtual food deserts. So now, he's helped establish Sterling Farms, a grocery store with a mission to sell fresh food at affordable prices. And Wendell Pierce joins us now from member station WWNO in New Orleans. And nice to have you back on TALK OF THE NATION.","Always good to be back. Thank you.","And a lot of celebrities will front the money to start a project, but you're immersing yourself in this. So what do you know about running grocery stores?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In this turn, the speaker is not asking for a literal explanation of Wendell Pierce's knowledge about running grocery stores. Rather, the speaker is implying that it's impressive that Pierce is not just investing money in the project but is also personally involved in running the grocery store, and is asking about his experience and qualifications for doing so.","questions":"Which aspect of Pierce's involvement in Sterling Farms is the speaker impressed by?","answer":"Personally"}
{"text":["Immigration proponents hope that if we care as much about poor people outside the United States as we do about poor people inside the United States, we'll raise the level of care for both. We've seen, instead, as we have become more cosmopolitan in our sympathies, we've ended up caring as little for fellow Americans as for people everywhere.","It is precisely because we are not honoring our commitments and our promises and our obligations to our fellow Americans that I'm urging people to have a stronger sense of social solidarity. And the way you get that stronger sense of social solidarity is by making the meaning of Americanism stronger, and that means making it more of a national community. And communities have boundaries between themselves and the rest of the world.","You ground a lot of your argument, though, in white Americans' fears, really, about a country that's getting less white. So is limiting immigration the answer?I mean, doesn't that just play into those fears and then legitimize them?","I don't ground very much of my argument on that at all. What I ground my argument upon is a tendency of the human mind, perceived by psychologists in people of all backgrounds, to be stressed by rapid change."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : none","questions":"How does Person PersonA ground their argument?","answer":"Change"}
{"text":["I'm doing quite well. Always great to talk to you. We just heard from Deroy Murdock, who gave an analysis as a conservative, as a Libertarian conservative that basically said the president is doing us wrong by moving ahead with a program like TARP. Party lines have been divided over this, you know, within the Democratic and Republican parties. What's your perspective on the usefulness of TARP and how the money that has not been allocated is best used?","Well, let me kind a give you a little bit of the history of TARP. As you know, we were confronted with an emergency situation where the secretary, Secretary Paulson, came to us and said, we're in a crisis.","Over the weekend prior to his being in contact with us about our crises, he had engineered a big sale on Wall Street because it appeared that if one of the big banks that was involved in the sale had gone bust-up on that weekend prior to the markets opening on Monday morning, it would have triggered a depression.","When he came to us as the treasurer, knowledgeable about the economy, describing the dire situation, he had a four-page proposal. It really did shake everybody up. But we tried to put some meat on the proposal and not just give him what he was asking for with no strings attached."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The big sale on Wall Street was engineered to avoid depression","questions":"Which situation led to the engineering of a big sale on Wall Street?","answer":"Dire"}
{"text":["And this email from Daryl: I used to be a student of Vernor Vinge, a wonderful professor. I'm legally blind. He writes, I'm wondering, how would this work with those individuals?We do have iPhone apps that can give turn-by-turn navigation, but all those other features of Google glasses would not be present.","Sort of two possibilities there: One, is the sort of thing that I was talking about, learning to use the devices that you have and that you are wearing. That depends on the plasticity of the human brain. We're quite capable of learning new tricks and cooperating with the devices that we have to get results that we may be barred from getting in other ways. The other approach to this sort of thing is to actually look at where the blindness happens. If the blindness happens within the eyes, then you want to just go a little bit upstream from that and see whether the neurons behind that are still capable of responding to stimulus and then figuring out how to stimulate them directly without the light.","If that's gone, then you're talking about something, perhaps, much harder, which is to go upstream from that and look at the beginning of neuron interpretation of sight that's happening within the brain and actually making your input at that level.","Have you signed up for Google glasses yet?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : none","questions":"How many possibilities does PersonA mention in response to PersonB's statement about Vernor Vinge's blindness?","answer":"Two"}
{"text":["In Brazil, at least 55 prison inmates are dead - strangled or stabbed after fights broke out in four different prisons over the weekend. Officials blame gang violence and say they're transferring some of these inmates to other prisons. Reporter Catherine Osborn is on the line from Rio.","Good morning, Catherine.","Morning.","So what is going on with these gangs in Brazilian prisons?This is a lot of people dead.","Yeah. Many drug gangs that operate outside of jails in Brazil in activities like drug trafficking and extortion operate and recruit from inside of the jails. And they're so powerful inside the prisons that, right after arriving, people join the gangs to get some small amount of protection. Prisons have even earned the nickname schools of crime in Brazil."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Gangs have a lot of power and influence inside Brazilian prisons.","questions":"What earned the nickname schools of crime in Brazil?","answer":"Prisons"}
{"text":["She - of all the characters I've written, she's the only one who came to me sort of fully formed. At the start of the book, she's six years old. And to me, she's sort of this very curious, trusting, defiant young girl whose chief attribute is this kind of rebellion against unknowing. She wants to know as much as possible. And the central arc of the book is essentially her life and how her desire to know - her curiosity is sort of used against her during this war.","Sarat is forced to flee with her family, and she ends up in a vast refugee camp where she gets recruited, essentially. She becomes a weapon in this civil war, and she's kind of transformed by hate. She seems like she's not exactly a heroine that you'd read about in \"The Hunger Games\" but something rather darker.","Yeah. I didn't want to write a book with good guys and bad guys and a clear dividing line between them. The idea behind writing it when I first started had to do with the idea of the universality of revenge. There's no sort of foreign way of suffering - that any of us subjected to enough evil will become evil ourselves.","Is this a book about how someone becomes a terrorist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal interpretation of this question implies that the book focuses on the process of someone becoming a terrorist. However, the actual meaning is that the book explores how an individual, in this case the character Sarat, is forced into extreme circumstances that lead her to become involved in acts of violence during a civil war. The intent is not to justify terrorism but to examine the transformation and complex motivations behind such actions.","questions":"Which character transformation is examined in the book?","answer":"Sarat"}
{"text":["We've been going on the assumption - I suppose largely from movies - that dinosaurs made a big noise. They're such big creatures. Why do you think we're wrong.","Most dinosaur sounds are based on models that are more like lions and tigers and bears. And we know that the two groups of animals alive today that are most closely related to extinct dinosaurs are birds and crocodilians. In fact, birds are living dinosaurs.","So you look at the way birds make noises?","Exactly. That's what we did in this particular study. We looked at one aspect of vocal behavior, which is whether the mouth is open or closed. And we looked at living dinosaurs - birds. We have 10,000 species today. Most of them vocalize, sing with an open mouth. But some birds produce sound with a closed mouth. They actually inflate different structures that allow them to resonate, often at lower frequencies than many other birds. But we also needed to look at alligators and crocodiles as the closest cousins to dinosaurs."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) We've been going on the assumption - I suppose largely from movies - that dinosaurs made a big noise. Actual meaning: We have been mistakenly assuming that dinosaurs were very loud creatures based on what we have seen in movies.","questions":"What did the study focus on in terms of vocal behavior in living dinosaurs?","answer":"Open"}
{"text":["Let me ask you this. Do you know Pat Cipollone?","We've met.","I assume he is also very familiar with the Constitution having gotten as far as he has in his legal career.","Look, he's doing what his client wants him to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Pat Cipollone has become well known and is making a great deal of money.","questions":"How successful is Pat Cipollone?","answer":"well"}
{"text":["And it's not just exhaustion, Ambassador. It's a belief on all sides that they cannot win on the battlefield.","Yeah. And I think that is beginning to dawn on people. There is this view that somehow if the U. S.  launches air strikes on behalf of the rebels that this could somehow turn the tide. But I think if you're in the military and the Pentagon, you start looking at what exactly your target sets are going to be. You're going to see this as a pretty complex problem and then maybe air strikes are not going to solve it.","There's also the idea of a no-fly zone because the Assad forces have used air strikes on others. And there is no question that could have some impact on the ground, but none of these things are a sure bet. And the only sure bet is that they would - the first step in any of these things is an act of war, whether we like it or not.","And imposing a no-fly zone is an act of war. You mentioned some people who ought to be involved in this conversation. You did not mention a player with a major stake in Syria, and that's Iran."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The person thinks that the fact they can not win is beginning to be believed by people.","questions":"Which view is mentioned as potentially turning the tide in Syria?","answer":"3"}
{"text":["All over. I was just meeting with a friend. I had served at the U. S.  Embassy in Mexico. She's here with a group of students and professors. I have just met recently a TV crew from Romania. Another one has come in from Serbia. And, of course, of special note, a number of journalists have come in from Kenya, where there's a very very big interest, obviously, for the roots of the candidate Senator Obama.","Well, tell us, what's drawing the other journalists?What is it that they're so fascinated by?","I think it goes back probably to the caucuses in Iowa in January, and it's just grown. Clearly, as the enthusiasm in the United States has grown, I think a lot of them are focusing on the young people so involved, but in general, the U. S.  public so involved in these elections and in these campaigns. And I think, in part, it is, the U. S.  does remain a certain kind of example in terms of democracy.","Well, I mean, is it fair to say that, were Barack Obama not in this race, there wouldn't be as much interest?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 'focusing on the young people so involved' implies young people have a significant role in the election","questions":"Which group is getting focused on in terms of the elections?","answer":"Young"}
{"text":["In diapers, exactly. But the London police haven't quite given the final say-so on that yet. But, you know, there will be a lot of protests. That may upset the president. It's controversial, but the government insists, and the diplomats insist, that he's a vital part of nurturing a special relationship, which they insist is very good for the U. K.","Because he's not only going, he's getting literally the royal treatment.","Yeah. I mean, this is as good as it gets if you're a head of state coming to the U. K. It is bells and whistles. It's pomp and circumstance. It's a banquet at Buckingham Palace, although that seems to be being boycotted by Meghan Markle, the Duchess of Sussex, also by Jeremy Corbyn, the leader of the - of Her Majesty's Opposition, and Vince Cable, the leader of the Liberal Democrats.","But I don't think that's going to take the gloss off it too much for Donald Trump. He's someone who has made it very clear this is what he wants, and we're expecting him to look like he's lapping it up."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Royal treatment means that he is being treated very kindly.","questions":"How is the head of state being treated during his visit to the UK?","answer":"Kindly"}
{"text":["That leaves a very unnerving feeling because, if they're on the loose, and they're on a suicide mission, and they're not - you know, they could strike at any point of time. So, it does definitely leave an unnerving feeling. As long as you're home, you're secure. But one doesn't know what to expect tomorrow.","Mr. Doctor, I understand that you are a Muslim. Is that correct?","That is correct, yeah.","So far, there has not been official confirmation of who's responsible for these attacks, but they have been attributed, at least in part, to Islamic militants. How do you think the situation there might affect Hindu-Muslim relations in Mumbai?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to strike implies to hit or blow and not to cross out or delete ","questions":"Which word in the dialogue is related to potential attacks and implies physical harm?","answer":"Strike"}
{"text":["See how he do his mom?","Ms.  O'BRIEN: Ira struggles to provide for her large family, working two jobs: as a real estate agent and a licensed massage therapist.","I can't stop. I push myself more now than I ever have. There's times that, especially the summertime, I didn't come home until like 8 o'clock at night sometimes.","So what did you learn from talking to her?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : I am working harder now than I used to, sometimes until late at night","questions":"How does the speaker describe their work schedule?","answer":"harder"}
{"text":["Well, this ongoing and developing saga between singers Chris Brown and Rihanna. The president's proposed stimulus package is getting kicked around online as well. This is from the blog Political Season. He writes: Half of America is very weary of the bailout, and the other half loathes it, and nobody understands the logic going into it. Is it just me or would it have made a whole lot more sense for there to have been some public disclosure so that people understood the urgency and the emergency involved?","And this is from the blog Cob(ph): Like the woman who was pregnant when she voted for Obama because she thought he'd change America's health-care system in time for her baby, a lot of people are going to be disappointed to find that the stimulus plan is not going to be as broad and timely as the economy will be wiping out jobs.","And after today's developments, they are probably going to be even more confused in terms of what's about to happen. What can people find out on our Web site this week, Geoffrey?","Well, we've got two recent in-studio performances, one from Maisha, another one from Asha. They're both female singers who go by one name."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The stimulus package is being talked about online in a good and a bad way.","questions":"Which package is being talked about online?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["Iran announced today that it will soon exceed limits on its stockpiles of enriched uranium that it agreed to under the 2015 nuclear deal with the U. S.  and other nations. The Trump administration pulled the U. S.  out of the deal last year; other countries stayed in. And this new announcement is the latest sign that it might be falling apart altogether.","Joining us to discuss this is NPR's Geoff Brumfiel. He covers science and security. Hey, Geoff.","Hey, there.","What exactly did Iran announce today?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Iran announced that it will exceed limits on uranium stockpiles, which may result in the failure of the nuclear deal.","questions":"How might Iran's announcement impact the 2015 nuclear deal?","answer":"Failure"}
{"text":["Just quickly, what about men?","Men. Well men, we tend to focus more on outcomes and process. And so we kind of, you know, focus almost exclusively on the outcomes. We tend to like win-lose scenarios, as opposed to negotiating for win-win. And then, men, we tend to be command and control leaders, where as women can be more inclusive and interactive. And so we really have to work on those traits.","Has anyone ever given you static for trying to do the Mars-Venus thing, about how you see men and women?","Well, because it's really my opinion, and they typically let me have that opinion. But again, it's really a broad statement, so I'm not saying all men or all women, but just as a rule, they're some observations that I've had over the years."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Men tend to focus only on outcomes, prefer win-lose scenarios and have commanding leadership style, unlike women who are more inclusive and interactive","questions":"Which leadership style do men tend to have?","answer":"command"}
{"text":["And first we need to give a tip of the hat to Sports Illustrated and a story by Richard Deitsch, which caught our eye. And it detailed the lengths that women sportscasters, like yourself, are going to try to protect their security on the road. One woman said she actually travels with Band-Aids to put over hotel door peepholes. Do you do the same thing?","No, and to be honest, I read that and went, oh, I had never thought about that and went wow, that's a pretty good idea. But before Erin, I had never thought about a peephole, period. And I'm guessing most women who travel, period, would say the same thing.","What are some of the protective measures that you do take when you're traveling to games?","It can be as simple as when I walk into an elevator, I never open the envelope that holds the card so anybody can look into it and see what room number I am. I'm very aware of making sure that I feel as protected as I can. One time I was in the elevator, someone walked in real close before it was shutting and kind of jumped in with me and didn't press a button and said, hello, Laura Okmin. And it could be as simple as just somebody who happened to recognize me and was going to the same floor, but I think my antenna was raised enough to just stand there. And then when I walked out, he walked out. I walked back in, and I went downstairs to the lobby and I switched my room."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implies that the global migrant crisis is much bigger than most people think, and that many people are risking their lives in order to have a better life.  ChatGPT The global migrant crisis refers to the large number of people who are forced to flee their homes due to war, persecution, poverty, or environmental disaster","questions":"Which crisis is being referred to in turn 1?","answer":"Global"}
{"text":["Don't mean to put you on the spot, but what's the best ballpark food you've had in the U. S. ?","I am not that adventurous, to be honest, when it comes to ballpark food. I had a mac and cheese hotdog with bacon on last night, which blew my mind. I just couldn't believe that that was something that someone created.","Forgive me. It's going to blow more than your mind (laughter).","Yeah. It was a lot to take on, and it was pretty messy, but I enjoyed it a lot."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : what they meant is that it's going to impress their brains later","questions":"How did they describe the effect that the food would have on PersonA's mind later?","answer":"impress"}
{"text":["No, I was never asked. But I did offer in a made-for-TV. No, just kidding (laughter).","Even if you're not helping to prepare Hillary Clinton for the debate, would you give her any advice on how to - if I might put it this way - provoke Donald Trump?","Oh yeah, that's easy. Yeah, I mean, look, Donald Trump has got unlimited number of insecurities. But the No. 1 one thing, I would say, is his insecurity with his intellect. There's a reason why he always refers to where he went to college and, you know, that I'm a smart person.","You know, it may be narcissism. But I think it really reflects an insecurity. And if I was in a debate against him, I wouldn't do it all the time. But I'd pick my spots just to smile and shake my head, you know, and make sure he sees it because that will drive him nuts because it'll be just a passive-aggressive way to question his intellect."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Suggests that Donald Trump is insecure about his intelligence.","questions":"Which insecurity of Donald Trump does turn 2 suggest?","answer":"Intellect"}
{"text":["Yeah, I think it's good. You know, I think it's a good thing. I mean, obviously you're not always going to hear what you want to hear, but you know, it's all part and parcel of growing up and you just kind of like taking things on board. Whether you, you know - it's really down to you whether you want to take a lot of what they say on board. But I actually enjoy reading it, and I don't expect every review to be glowing or anything like that. But I think it's important to kind of know what people feel, and think about your music out there.","(Singing)","In your eyes you'll always be the greatest Something to celebrate it","This is a little bit of a digression, but there are so many people who are African-Brits, or African-Americans, in the sense of having immigrated from Africa, or having parents who did. And I think that there's a moment in time, in the U. S.  in part, because you have a Barack Obama, where people are saying, Oh, well yeah, there's all these different flavors of blackness. How does that play into your work at all?","I don't really - I don't think I'm effected by that, as such, because I kind of am originally I - you know, I was born in Zambia, so I'm African first and foremost.","But you came over so young."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It's important to receive feedback even if it's not always positive.","questions":"What does PersonA think about receiving feedback?","answer":"Feedback"}
{"text":["Her fencing tutor, when she is 13, makes her his mistress. Julie says he gave everything I desired and quite a few things I hadn't known existed. Oh, my word.","(Laughter) He was her father's boss. And he was one of the great nobleman of France at the time, a very, very powerful man. And all of a sudden, she was the very young mistress and was moved into Paris so that he could keep her separate from his wife, but she wanted more. And so very quickly she got bored and she ran off with her fencing master.","Yeah. There's a lot of fencing in this book. As soon as I say that, I realize metaphorical but also actual fencing in this book.","Well, I used to fence as a kid. It's one of the reasons I know about her. I fenced all through school and college, but I have to say that I'd - when I'm writing the fencing scenes, I do jump out of my chair and grab a foil - I've still got my old swords - and I act out the scenes for myself just to make sure that they make sense."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Her fencing tutor, when she is 13, makes her his mistress. Julie says he gave everything I desired and quite a few things I hadn't known existed. Oh, my word.  The implied meaning here is that the fencing tutor didn't only provide fencing training but also engaged in a romantic and possibly sexual relationship with Julie when she was 13. The phrase \"makes her his mistress\" suggests a deeper relationship beyond a mere student-teacher dynamic.","questions":"What did Julie say the fencing tutor gave her?","answer":"Everything"}
{"text":["Hey, Tony. Is it - has it really been six years?","Yes, it has, 2002.","Oh, my gosh.","We began under the Tavis Smiley banner, you and I and a few other folks.","Oh, yeah.","You know, you were the chair of the U. S.  Civil Rights Commission, and one of the things I wanted to get you to talk about, to help put this in perspective for people, is how media and policies are - our roles have changed dramatically, I think, since that time, particularly as it relates to having a new president in the White House, who just today, as I was noticing, as he was getting on the helicopter to leave the White House to go to Air Force One to come to California, held an impromptu news conference and took a few questions. And one was from a black reporter, and that's not something that we would maybe have seen six years ago."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They started or met during something regarding Tavis Smiley.","questions":"How did PersonA and PersonB first meet?","answer":"Six"}
{"text":["Again, I don't sign off on absolutely everything Nancy Pelosi, Donald Trump, Mitch McConnell, Chuck Schumer or Kevin McCarthy may tweet or declare. I don't. I'm not the endorser of anyone. And I have pushed back on statements that I do believe do exacerbate the very climate and culture that I just referenced. Indeed. But to put the onus exclusively on the president when on the other side of the aisle there are calls of uber-racism and absolutely. . .","When has Nancy Pelosi ever told anybody to go back where they came from?","No, Nancy Pelosi hasn't told anyone to come back where they came from. But there have been policies and exacerbated hyperbole in rhetoric as it pertains to statements made on both sides - Democrats and Republicans - that have led to this sort of climate. So to put the onus exclusively on the president would not be fair. Are there things the president has stated or tweeted that I have disagreed with?Absolutely. But the same thing on the other side of the aisle.","What do you see as your role in the days ahead?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker believes that blaming only the president for the current political climate would not be fair since both parties have contributed to it (score: 4)","questions":"What is the reason for the PersonA's belief about blaming only the president?","answer":"Contributions"}
{"text":["You know, I heard - I heard myself say that and thought maybe I should rethink that phrase. The reunification of the country would've been another way of saying it.","Well, it's just interesting to me - and I have no opinion on it - there are members of the Vietnamese Diaspora who refer to it as the fall. They refer to the month of April as Black April so there's definitely that camp. There's another camp that says normalizing relations between Vietnam and France and the United States and these kinds of things is good for Vietnam. And I think the thing that I'm most interested in, it's the idea of possibility and how so much can change in 40 years.","Yeah.","You know, I was there, like I said, three weeks ago. And there's tourists from all over the world - there are Russians, you know, they are people in Germany. Who would have thought 40 years ago that this would have been impossible for me and for these Russians and for all these people to be here in Vietnam?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn (2) implies that the speaker has no opinion on the subject but is interested in hearing the opinions of others and is marveling at the idea of how much can change in 40 years.","questions":"How was the PersonA's attitude towards the subject discussed in turn 1?","answer":"Neutral"}
{"text":["What's missing from that?","I mean, a deeper understanding of why Syrians rose up in the first place. I mean, this is a regime that's been in power for 50 years. It has outlasted eight U. S.  presidents since Nixon. Think about that. And Bashar's organizing elections again in 2021, and he intends to run. So there's a chance he will probably outlast Trump, even if Trump wins a second term.","Sam Dagher is author of the book \"Assad Or We Burn The Country. \"He also contributes to The Atlantic. Sam, thank you so much for being with us.","You're welcome, Noel."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Syrian regime has been in power for a long time, and there is a possibility that Bashar will outlast Trump.","questions":"How long has the Syrian regime been in power?","answer":"50"}
{"text":["Well, thereafter, we may be singing Christmas carols in the Capitol. It's brinksmanship, of course. They're just trying to get everybody focused and trying to get everybody to actually vote for the basic spending bills, get Congress to do their routine business. It's not routine, though, because Republican leaders can't get enough of their members to vote for spending bills. So they need Democratic votes to get the bills across the finish line. And those come with a price tag, including, for example, the issue of the DREAMers, the. . .","Yeah.",". . . People who were brought here by their parents when the parents came to the country illegally.","And how do they breach the differences between the House and Senate bills, when the promises some Republican Senate leaders made to get the votes of, say, Susan Collins of Maine and Jeff Flake of Arizona, seem to be no longer - are not contained in the House version?And the House leaders say nope, we're not going to have them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : And how do they breach the differences between the House and Senate bills, when the promises some Republican Senate leaders made to get the votes of, say, Susan Collins of Maine and Jeff Flake of Arizona","questions":"How do promises made to Republican Senate leaders affect the House version of the bill?","answer":"Differences"}
{"text":["So I always tell people, look at your many choices. Don't close any doors. But the fact is that, you know, take your passion, take it as far as you can, but understand you've got to make a living, and you've got to pay the loan back.","What about people like you, who are college presidents?What challenges are you facing in trying to make sure that you can get a broad variety of students from different backgrounds?","Farai, you know, what keeps me up at night is the young women who want to be admitted but don't have the dollars, the young women who are students who are continuing, who are saying, I need more financial aid, the young women whose parents can't take out another loan. That literally keeps me up at night. If you see me again and I'm gray, that's what did it.","I mean literally. I mean, I wake up in the - you know, I wake up in the middle of the night and say, how can I find money for these young people?It is a challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The college president is struggling to find funding for students.","questions":"What specifically keeps the college president up at night?","answer":"relationship"}
{"text":["We've all seen, you know if you've gone to one of these snooty coffee shops - I say that lovingly because I go to them.","But, you know, there are all these machines, and you wonder, well, why do you really have to use this one for this?","Right.","And this video decodes that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Snooty means that the shop believes it is better than others.","questions":"What does snooty mean?","answer":"Better"}
{"text":[". . . (Laughter) In our house. And suddenly, we're being taken to go and see \"Gone With The Wind\" in the cinema.","(Laughter).","So for me, I just remember this incredible sense of vertigo and glancing at my mother constantly, like, is this OK?Are we allowed to do this?","How did working on this make sense of your childhood for you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) In turn (3), the speaker uses the phrase \"sense of vertigo\" to describe their feeling when watching the movie. \"Vertigo\" literally means a feeling of dizziness or a spinning sensation, but in this context, the speaker is using it to describe a feeling of disorientation or confusion. The phrase \"glancing at my mother constantly\" also has a figurative meaning, as the speaker is not literally glancing at their mother all the time but rather checking for her reaction or approval.","questions":"How did the speaker feel while watching the movie?","answer":"Disoriented"}
{"text":["Was it an easy decision for you to make?What was going through your mind when you made that switch?","No, it was definitely - it was easy decision for me to make. You know, before this, I wasn't really a very political person. As far as the guns go, you know - I don't try to talk too much about because I know becomes too polarizing. We have, you know, people that go to the right, and people go to left, and they forget about making schools safe. Listen. I believe in the Second Amendment. I believe in the right for people to bear arms. But I think that we can come to common ground to make responsible laws and decisions in how we can make our society safer.","You have two sons who are also in the Broward County School System. What have you talked about with them as they've headed back to school this year?","Sure. So I've had some tough conversations with them. I bought them a ballistic-resistant backpack."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Common ground means a place in opinion where two different sides think alike.","questions":"Which phrase used by PersonA demonstrates their belief in the Second Amendment?","answer":"Believe"}
{"text":["Yeah.","You know, so, yeah, I think that there are people who really enjoy - just like it's sort of a niche market that people like the Winter Olympics. But largely, I think a lot of people who couldn't tell, you know, an Olympic torch from, you know, a fire extinguisher are waiting to find out if - can we wrest the gold medal back in basketball?","Why do you think that is?I remember watching the Olympics growing up, you know, and as a young man, I mean, it was big, big deal. You wanted to watch all of it. That's how you learned about other sports that you didn't even know anything about was through watching the Olympics. But it seems of late that it's lost some of that. I don't know if it's because of the doping scandals and Marion Jones and others. Why do you think that our interest has changed?","That's a great question. But I think it's - what's happening in entertainment in general is that there's just so much on our palette. There are so much to choose from and to watch. You know, when we were kids, you know, back in oh-hundreds, you know?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker suggests that many people are only interested in the Olympics for popular events","questions":"How do some people view the Winter Olympics?","answer":"Enjoy"}
{"text":["Well, right. And no U. S.  commander - speaking from experience - would put the aircraft in that kind of a situation. And for your audience, that reason is that, unlike aircraft - surveillance aircraft in the past, the kind of sensor systems that are onboard this drone are such that they can see dozens and dozens and dozens of miles away from the aircraft. So, you know, it's flying up above 50,000 feet over the Strait of Hormuz. It can monitor the entire strait plus see inside Iran without having to fly over it.","Just a little bit more detail, if you would, on this. . .","Sure.",". . . Specific drone - we're told it was an RQ-4 Global Hawk surveillance drone. Do you have any sense of how many of those are out flying over the region, how widely used they are?What intel are they collecting?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The drone has powerful sensors and can see far distances","questions":"Which specific feature of the drone is highlighted in turn 0?","answer":"Sensor"}
{"text":["Chop, chop into smallish pieces.","OK.","Then you soften eight ounces of cream cheese, and you blend that with two-thirds of a cup of sour cream, get it all nice and smooth and then you spread that over the minced onion.","And you have the ambulance on speed dial, but yeah. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implied meaning is to cut the onion into very small pieces.","questions":"How should you chop the onion?","answer":"smallish"}
{"text":["At 18 years old, I moved from Charlotte to the mountains. And I've lived in Appalachia - in Jackson County, N. C.  - ever since. And it's the same thing here. You know, I think poverty - it's the same condition no matter where you're from. You know, I talked a little bit in that essay about that man from Baltimore saying desperation is a way of life.","This was a documentary on the BBC that was talking about poverty in Baltimore.","Yeah. I think anybody I grew up with could have said that. Anybody that I'm friends with now in Hazelwood, Haywood County, could say that. That's the reality of people who have nothing. They all know what it's like to miss a meal or to have the lights turned off or to have to decide - do I make my car payment, or do I pay my health insurance?That's a common theme that bridges the gap all across this country. And the unifying thing about that is poverty.","You also talk about addiction. The opioid crisis, as we know, is enormous right now. And you say that people just want to be listened to. What is the story that we aren't hearing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In (1), the speaker is using the statement \"poverty - it's the same condition no matter where you're from\" to express the idea that poverty is a universal experience and can be found in any place or culture. The actual meaning is that poverty has a consistent impact on people's lives, regardless of their location.","questions":"Which statement did PersonA use to express the idea that poverty has a consistent impact on people's lives, regardless of their location?","answer":"Poverty"}
{"text":[". . . In a sense, were our forebears. And some of them were heroes.","Yeah, and lost their lives - one woman, in particular, staying at her post even though she probably knew that, given the scope of what was about to happen, she was going to lose her life. But she stayed.","This is Hettie Ogle.","Hettie Ogle - to send messages down the valley. But the problem is, once you get those messages down there, how do you disseminate it?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Hettie Ogle was a heroic woman who stayed at her post even though she knew she was going to die.","questions":"Which woman stayed at her post even though she knew she was going to die?","answer":"Hettie"}
{"text":["And now to another story we'll hear more about this week. It starts with a number - $90 billion. That's about how much Uber is expected to be worth when it goes public - that despite the fact the company has never actually turned a profit. It's made plenty of money but never more than it spends. Its move to go public and consolidate power comes at a time when Americans are questioning the power of Silicon Valley and leading politicians are calling for the breakup of tech giants. New York Times opinion columnist Farhad Manjoo recently called the Uber IPO a moral stain on Silicon Valley. He admitted his once-bright-eyed take on the startup has dimmed dramatically. He's here to talk with us about why. And he joins us from Mountain View, Calif. Welcome.","Hi. Good to be here.","You say you used to be a naive baby tech pundit who bought into the Uber hype, fanboy of sorts. These are your words. But this past week in your column, you lamented, what's become of Uber?What exactly are you lamenting?","Yeah, I mean, I once thought that Uber could be a win for everyone. You know, we used to - in cities, we used to sort of have these taxi cartels which limited supply and didn't really offer a great service. And Uber seemed like a better version of the taxi. And it also kind of offered these environmental promises. We'd have, you know, people using cars more efficiently. Like, Uber promised that it could get us - you know, more people in cars, get fewer cars on the road."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Uber promised to make transportation more efficient and eco-friendly by getting more people in fewer cars on the road, but this promise has not been fully realized.","questions":"Which promise of Uber has not been fully realized?","answer":"Realized"}
{"text":["Every president in his or - his - well, I should say his or her. Every president in their first year has an unexpected crisis, whether it's national security, a natural disaster, domestic unrest. This is certainly shaping up to be Donald Trump's unexpected crisis. And I think he realizes that. And the stakes are getting higher, and I think that's why he's lashing out more because I think he realizes what's going on.","It's moved to the capital. As we said Secretary Price has resigned, but at least three more Cabinet members face similar accusations about charter jets. Whatever happened to them, can the Trump administration say they'll drain the swamp when they seem to be flying over it in private jets?","You, know, this reminds me of that line from \"The Godfather\" about Mr.  Corleone likes his bad news early. Donald Trump is not like bad news. And this was starting to spread to other cabinet members, obviously. And I think the we'll-see when he was asked whether Trump - I mean, whether Price should resign was his way of signaling, yes. And sure enough, Tom Price offered his resignation. And unlike the Session's case, the president accepted it because I think he sees this for the irony that it is of his own cabinet doing what he campaigned exactly against.","Is the Republican Party offering much of a profile of leadership at the moment?- can't get Repeal and Replace passed, the tax code seems - proposal seems fuzzy, federal response seems to certainly be slow if not negligent in Puerto Rico. We could go on."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) - The actual meaning is that every president in their first year faces unexpected challenges, and Donald Trump is currently facing one. He may be feeling the pressure and acting out as a result.","questions":"How is Donald Trump reacting to the unexpected crisis he is facing in his first year as president?","answer":"Lashing"}
{"text":["Sure.","We are always so grateful when you come on this show. I got to tell you - we got a lot of noes from Republicans who didn't want to come on this show and talk about gun policy, except, you know, maybe they'll go on Fox News. If the Republicans are proud of their record on guns, why not be interviewed about it?","Well, I can't speak for all of my colleagues on this. I mean, we obviously have a very serious violence problem in the country and particularly a firearm violence issue. And that - you know, we must address it. That said, we also have to respect the rights of people who own. . .","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Republicans are not willing to discuss gun policy in an open and honest way.","questions":"Which political party is hesitant to talk about gun policy in an honest manner?","answer":"Republicans"}
{"text":["All right, we'll have to keep our eye on that one. You mention the Super Bowl. I was going to bring up Santonio Holmes but you did it. You know, last year you and I had a bet about the Super Bowl which I won. This year, I guess you are afraid. . .","No (laughing).","To bet - to bet with me. Were you surprised that it turned out the way that it did?I know you thought Pittsburgh probably was going to win, but I bet you were really scared with about a minute left in the game.","I was stunned. I mean, I thought, you know, I thought the game turned at intermission, you know, when the NFL's most valuable player rumbled a hundred yards Harris(ph) within a reception. But yeah, I was stunned by the catch. I think the entire world was stunned by what has to be the most perfect throw and catch in Super Bowl history. I mean. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : most perfect catch in superbowl history was implied","questions":"What was the name of the player who made the most perfect catch in Super Bowl history?","answer":"Santonio"}
{"text":["There are over 2,800 official emojis. You know those little icons you use to spice up your texts - a cow, a doughnut, a queen, and my personal favorite, the eye roll. The Unicode Consortium, the nonprofit that oversees emojis - yes, there is such a thing - has been criticized for its lack of diversity and inclusivity when it comes to LGBTQ or religious expression. And now they're under fire for one more - the afro. That's right. Of the more than 15 hairstyles offered in emoji form, not one is an afro. Rhianna Jones wants to change that. She's a freelance writer based in New York. And she joins me now from our studios there.","Rhianna, welcome.","Hi, Lulu. Thank you so much for having me.","It is an absolute pleasure to have you. Let's talk through this. There's already been some diversity in the emoji world. We have different skin tones included in emoji form. But why do you think an afro should be included too?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase, \"under fire\", implies that criticism has been levelled at the Unicode Consortium for the lack of an emoji with an afro hairstyle..","questions":"How has the Unicode Consortium been criticized in relation to an emoji?","answer":"Inclusivity"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me, Scott.","Let me begin with what's being called the tarmac summit. Bill Clinton, Attorney General Lynch happened to be at the Phoenix airport at the same time. And Bill Clinton arranged a private meeting, lasted about half an hour, with the attorney general. Your old colleague, David Axelrod, tweeted, quote, \"I take Loretta Lynch and Bill Clinton at their word that their convo in Phoenix didn't touch on probe. But foolish to create such optics. \"How helpful was it for Hillary Clinton, who's so widely seen as untrustworthy, to have her spouse meet with the attorney general while she's under investigation by the Justice Department?","I can't imagine there's one person in America, including in the Clinton campaign, who thinks that was helpful (laughter). But I - look, I think if Bill Clinton had to do it over again he probably wouldn't have walked over to the plane, seeing all the follow-up from the last couple days.","Does it raise a question about what you do with Bill Clinton during the campaign because he is, certainly on the one hand, often called the most talented politician of the modern era. On the other hand, you know, he's got a history of mischief."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  Implies disbelief in the official explanation for the meeting and wanting a better answer.","questions":"How did the speaker react to the official explanation of the meeting?","answer":"Disbelief"}
{"text":["What are his legal and PR teams trying to achieve by releasing audio conversations or snippets of them with Donald trump and apparently claiming that Trump knew in advance of that Trump Tower meeting with a group of Russians?","Well, I have to say, Scott, I think that's pretty much a mystery to a lot of people. Most criminal defense lawyers and former prosecutors can't. . .",". . . That I've spoken to can't make sense of it. It's a very, very unusual situation.","We're getting some bad audio - either that or a Martian craft has landed over your shoulder, so you might want to take a look, in which case we really got a big story to work on."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Despite legal and PR efforts, it is difficult for experts to make sense of the situation","questions":"Which situation is difficult to make sense of?","answer":"Situation"}
{"text":["I find it interesting that the thing that I think is their signature model, which is the pinching effect, they didn't care about or seem to want to protect that.","It was - so the pinch to zoom, it's something that they've litigated with HTC against, I believe, in the past. They were using - they had a handful of other different user interface features. There's one, double-tap to zoom, so when you double-tap, say, a little article on the New York Times homepage, it'll, you know, expand to take up the full screen.","And that was in the core - the jury agreed that was something they owned.","Correct."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Apple did not protect the feature that is most associated with their product.","questions":"How was Apple's signature model treated?","answer":"Ignored"}
{"text":["I really didn't feel safe because the Turkish government is very famous for hunting down those who oppose Erdogan. So, I mean, I just didn't want to really risk my life by going to Europe. But, you know, I talked to my team. I told them all, like, how many times I want to come because I want to be with you guys there, and I want to get a win with you guys. And then, later on, they came back with the news and said, you know what?I think the best decision is if you don't come. Let's just not risk it for one game.","Do you feel safe in New York and elsewhere in the U. S. ?","I have been getting last two, three days hundreds death threats, but I think I feel safe in America. But anywhere else in the world, I wouldn't really feel safe.","Did you say you've gotten hundreds of death threats?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He is implying that he is still not safe.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about his safety elsewhere in the world?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["Only 34 percent of the voters went to the polls this week. Isn't that usually the kind of election in which a well-financed campaign with a good ground campaign is supposed to win?","That's the way it's been rigged for years. For years, the reason Chicago had a municipal election - not a primary - and put it in February when people were too frozen to leave their homes was to guarantee the installation - or reinstallation - of the incumbent. So this goes against all of that conventional wisdom.","Still, Mayor Emanuel just has to get another five percent of the vote. Does this runoff on April 7 look like a real election now?","Yes, it does. And the reason it does is that it's not the only activity and sort of fire burning in the city. We have a record number of runoffs. As you know, we have 50 aldermen. Nineteen of them didn't make it directly into a victory. They are going to runoffs, and they are the insurgents. They are the so-called progressives. They're the people that Emanuel's forces formed a PAC to try to reduce the numbers of. And so there's a lot of activity in wards, and it all speaks to this overall issue of voter discontent."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that there is a large number of progressive candidates running in the runoff election, and Mayor Emanuel's political action committee is trying to reduce their numbers.","questions":"How are the candidates challenging Mayor Emanuel's political action committee?","answer":"Progressive"}
{"text":["What happened with Dr.  Strauss was upsetting. It was one night in your life. How has it stayed with you over the years?What's it done to your life since then?","So that building was fairly close to campus. And so for the next probably three, four or five years, you know, I went by that building a lot. It was hard to relive what's going in there. Again, you just kind of bottle it up and put it away. I'm, you know, upset with Ohio State. But I'm upset with Strauss, but he's dead. So I'm even more upset that Ohio State, a large institution that I have significant ties to and that I - you know, I met my wife there, asked her to marry me, have lots of friends from there. I've donated my time, donated money. And now I'm finding out that they failed me.","When the box opened back up on Memorial Day, I've had trouble sleeping at night. I sometimes wake up the middle of the night and see him standing over me doing what he's doing. And I still - there's one picture of him on the - a local TV station and Columbus' website - a color picture that I can't look at. If I see it, I just get sick to my stomach. So the box has been opened back up now, and it's been a struggle.","What would you like the university to do at this point in your life?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Bob experiences trauma and nightmares as a result of the abuse he suffered from Dr. Strauss.","questions":"How has Bob been affected by the abuse he suffered?","answer":"trauma"}
{"text":["Although there has been some criticism that this team represents a very centrist, pragmatic approach instead of a more ambitious approach that maybe you've been calling for.","Well, they've been talking pretty ambitious so far. We'll see. They are centrists, that's for sure. Within the Democratic Party, nobody would look at this group and say, that's a bunch of lefties.","That is certainly right, but I think they're thinking big. And you know, in Geithner's case, along with Bernanke, at the Fed they've been doing big. The Fed has been doing one unprecedented, amazing thing after another.","Yeah, to mixed success, though."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Geithner and Bernanke have been taking bold, unprecedented actions at the Fed","questions":"How have Geithner and Bernanke been acting at the Fed?","answer":"Bold"}
{"text":["The banks can bring in their junky securities and swap them for cash or treasury bills. And that, on top of interest rate cuts, Bernanke thought would be enough to keep the financial system working until it healed itself. The strategy at the Fed was known as the finger in the dike strategy, keep the water out and eventually things will recover.","But obviously, you know things didn't work out like that. And in the spring, we had the great Bear Stearns crisis, and the Fed was forced to intervene to prevent them going bankrupt. Then, we had another few months where it seemed like things had stabilized, but this thing's like a disease. It goes away for a while, and then, you know, it comes back in a more virulent form.","In September, after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, you know, all hell broke out, basically. And since then, we've had a sort of slow motion collapse of the financial system.","Now, this entire crisis has really tarnished Alan Greenspan's legacy, and he even admitted that his basic economic philosophy is now changed. What about Ben Bernanke?Does he deserve the same criticism?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The financial crisis is recurring and becoming more severe each time it comes back.","questions":"How is the financial crisis evolving?","answer":"Recurring"}
{"text":["And you can do that just out of a gut feeling, or experience or cracking the file?Or how does that work?","Well, it uses statistics. You know, it's kind of a little bit like the whole money ball argument that we hear about baseball. But it goes through the file, and it looks, and it kind of sees that - you could say the noise in the image is not right, and often it's a little too random. It's almost a little bit too perfect, you might say.","And then the statistics comes out, and it says oh, well, you know, it gives you a number, and the number is over a threshold, and you say oh, that's an alarm bell, and I'll look at it.","It must be an interesting history to this whole steganography idea."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  In turn 3, A is referring to the statistic's number as an \"alarm bell\" to signify that something might be wrong with the image.","questions":"Which term does PersonA use to describe the noise in the image in turn 1?","answer":"random"}
{"text":["This report also looked at who could possibly pose this sort of threat, where they're based. What were the findings there?","Al-Qaeda is probably still the lead terrorist group. There are others, as we're seeing, or could be seeing, in India right now. Some of them are regional in nature, but the problem is that these terrorists all have organizationally the sophistication to get the technology to use one of these weapons. And we know that they have the desire to do it.","Now, we don't think they have the capability yet, but they have the sophistication to get it. And it terms of bio, if they recruit the right, you know, bio scientist or two, they get the technical capability.","Do the recent bombings last week in Mumbai add any weight to this report?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Al-Qaeda is the most likely terrorist group to use weapons, but there are others with organization and desire.","questions":"What terrorist group is likely to use weapons?","answer":"Likely"}
{"text":["He is. But he also made a point when he put out a statement saying they would look at this is that he's still a very strong supporter of the Second Amendment, so I wouldn't expect a big fundamental change here. I think what he's saying is if they can present - and he's directed Republican chairmen to work with Democrats - if they can come up with something that can pass with overwhelming support in the Senate, he would be willing to bring it to the floor. But, again, he's not promising an outcome. He's just promising a debate.","So that's the Republicans. But briefly, Sue, the Democrats are really talking about this, not just as a gun debate but also as a hate crime, right?","Right. It wasn't just about guns. It was about race, and they have noted that there's things that they could look for this fall in spending bills to beef up how the government spends its resources to combat white supremacy. And that might be a different kind of debate we hear this fall.","All right. That's NPR's congressional correspondent Sue Davis. Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Democrate are really taking about race and resources to combat white supremacy.","questions":"How are Democrats addressing the issue of hate crime?","answer":"Hate"}
{"text":["This is News and Notes. I'm Farai Chideya.","For decades, the Big Three auto companies have been an integral part of the U. S.  economy. Now those companies are struggling to survive and pleading for a federal bailout. General Motors, Ford and Chrysler have until Tuesday to submit a restructuring plan to Congress. For more, we've got Jerome Vaughn. He's the news program director for WDET in Detroit, Michigan. Jerome, great to have you back on the show.","Thanks. Glad to be with you.","So what we've been hearing a lot about is basically just a failure of these negotiations to move forward. Before we get to the nuts and bolts of it, from an economic level, how are people in Detroit dealing with what appears to be a reluctance on the part of the federal government to really enter into a bailout?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The federal government is hesitant to provide financial assistance to the struggling auto industry.","questions":"How is the federal government responding to the auto industry's financial struggles?","answer":"Reluctance"}
{"text":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The sentence given to Karodzic serves as a warning to those who commit war crimes that there will be consequences for their actions.","questions":"How does turn 4 relate to the conversation about the phone call and the SIM card?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["No, that's not my cell phone. It's the sound of our space, kind of. It's a radio signal picked up by one of NASA's Radiation Storm Belt Probes. These probes are orbiting inside Earth's radiation belts, a hazardous part of space filled with high-energy particles. And these eerie, chirping noises are called chorus. Scientists have known about them for years. Ham radio operators have listened to them. But these are the clearest recordings yet.","Here to tell us more about these chorus recordings is Craig Kletzing. He's the F.  Wendell Miller professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Iowa. He's also the principal investigator for one of the experiments on the Radiation Storm Belt Probes. Doctor Kletzing is joining us today from Iowa City. Welcome to the program.","Thanks for having me.","So before - well, let me just start with: What did we just hear?Explain it for us."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The sound is not from a cell phone but from a radio signal picked up by NASAs probes.","questions":"What is the name given to the eerie, chirping noises picked up by NASPersonA's Radiation Storm Belt Probes?","answer":"Chorus"}
{"text":["He apologized for the messages and essentially blamed the fact that he worked really long days and often used this group chat to - as he said, you know, relieve stress. That did not sit well with people, obviously. He ended up, like you said, having to ask most of his inner circle to step down. But that has not appeased anyone. The outcry and the demands for his resignation have only grown. Not only from his political opponents - also, essentially everyone within his own party here in Puerto Rico has abandoned him. And now there is talk within the legislature of beginning the process of removing him from office if he doesn't step down on his own.","And has he said that he is considering it?Or what is he saying about that possibility?","No, he's basically dug his feet in and has said he is not going to resign. He said he was, you know, elected governor by the people of Puerto Rico, feels like he has a lot of work to do and intends to continue doing it. A big question is obviously how because he has lost the confidence of everyone within his government, and no one really sees him having the capital needed to govern.","That is NPR's Adrian Florido joining us from San Juan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Dug his feet in implies that he will not change his mind about the issue","questions":"Which phrase indicates that the governor will not resign?","answer":"Dug"}
{"text":["Those same streaks are in Europe. We're seeing people who are rebelling against the European Union, the open market, the open borders, who are rebelling against migration and refugees and who have lost out or feel that they have lost out on globalization and trade and are now opposing trade. So the same phenomenon we see here in the United States you also see in Europe. And in that sense, we are having a crisis that really affects Western liberal democracies writ large.","I wonder what you'd say, Mr. Ambassador, to a citizen of Belgium or France who might say now a united Europe is just too bureaucratic and too centralized to protect its population.","Well, I think that is a sentiment you are hearing increasingly in places like Belgium and France that - the problem is that the threat is not just from without but it is also from within. Belgian citizens, people born in Belgium, blew up the metro station and airport, where French citizens born in France who blew up the concert hall and stadium in - last November.","That threat needs to be dealt with not only by the countries themselves but can more effectively be dealt with by the Europeans coming together, sharing intelligence, which is not what they're doing right now, protecting their external borders much better than they have been able to do, rather than each individually trying to deal with this challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : That threat needs to be dealt with not only by the countries themselves but can more effectively be dealt with by the Europeans coming together, sharing intelligence, which is not what they're doing right now, protecting their external borders much better than they have been able to do, rather than each individually trying to deal with this challenge.\"  The actual meaning implied here is that the threat mentioned should not be solely addressed by individual countries acting alone, but it would be more effective if European nations collaborate and work together. It suggests that collective action and cooperation among European countries are crucial for effectively combating the mentioned threat.","questions":"Which countries need to come together to combat the mentioned threat?","answer":"SharingProtecting"}
{"text":["Sounds like a fun gathering.","Lots of pollsters in a room - I'm sure there's jokes. What makes this new effort such a big deal?","Look, this is the first time since 1992, when all the media organizations bought into one National Election Pool, that there's going to be competition. And it's a totally different approach to measuring the electorate. They're launching it, by the way, they announced, in all 47 states where there are elections this fall for statewide elections in these midterms. And it's a massive undertaking that really is - you know, just talking to people here - starting a crackup of American election polling.","That's fascinating. What is different, though, about what Fox News and the AP are doing?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The NEP is not a pool but an organization that gathers information from groups of people.  The approach was not launched but newly began for the fall season.","questions":"What is the NEP and how is it different from a pool?","answer":"organization"}
{"text":["It takes a whole lot of land to produce meat. If you think about it this way, imagine around the globe all of the crop land out there - one-third of it is used to grow food not for people but for animals. It's animal feed. And when you combine the land needed to graze animals and feed them, this is just a whole lot. The World Resources Institute has estimated that for every gram of protein, producing beef can require 20 times the land and emit 20 times the emissions compared to what it takes to produce beans.","So are there certain types of meat that are better in terms of environmental footprint?Or basically is the suggestion that we should not be eating meat?","There are definitely better choices, and it does not have to be all or nothing. I just mentioned cows and other ruminants. They require a lot of land and feed. But they also release a lot of methane into the atmosphere. Every time these animals belch, a bit of methane goes up into the atmosphere. Methane is a very potent greenhouse gas.","So from an environmental perspective, options such as chicken and turkey can be better. It takes less animal feed to produce meat from these animals. They grow faster. They require less land. So when it comes to reducing the environmental footprint of your diet, you don't have to completely give up meat."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Producing beef has a significant impact on the environment.","questions":"What type of meat requires 20 times more land and emits 20 times more emissions compared to producing beans?","answer":"Beef"}
{"text":["Now, there are literally thousands of these kinds of cases going back through history. Some that have, you know, withstood the test of time. What are some of the most famous ones in the U. S. ?","Well, you know, there's a very long list and you know, actually a colleague and I had a five-volume set on famous American crimes and trials that I can't go over all of them. But let me just mention a few. And I want to mention one in London as well. But for example, going back to the 19th Century, the Mary Rogers case. Here in Albany, we have Jack Legs Diamond, the prohibition gangster who was killed in Albany. We have a list of the short case.","Oh, the Black Dahlia, right?That's the Black Dahlia?","Exactly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Some of the cases from long ago are still relevant to what is happening in this day.","questions":"Which case does PersonA mention that happened in Albany?","answer":"Diamond."}
{"text":["Lettuce is an incredibly water-intensive crop. And the relationship with climate change and drought. . .","And even gender.","Iceberg in particular has managed to transcend these unfairly feminine connotations that salad-eating has taken on.","So as you reconsider iceberg's place in the fabric of our society and on your table, Rosner urges you to think even beyond the delicious wedge salad. She suggests stir-frying your lettuce, pickling it or blending it into a cold soup. And even if lettuce experimentation isn't for you, you can still try to let go of your leafy, green pretensions. Not everything has to be arugula."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Iceberg has a place in society and the contruction of it.","questions":"What has managed to transcend unfairly feminine connotations in the dialogue?","answer":"iceberg"}
{"text":["So in terms of what to do about it, we've said Twitter and Facebook have shut down these accounts, which prompts me to wonder - does shutting down a fake account do that much?Can't the Chinese government, if it's determined to go down this path, just open up two new ones in place of the one that was closed?","It is a cat-and-mouse game, and the companies are constantly trying to get ahead of it. You know, they will try to apply machine learning and artificial intelligence, but it is not a long-term solution. As you said, they can always set up new accounts.","Adam Segal, thanks.","My pleasure. Thanks for having me.","He is director of digital and cyberspace policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, talking there about the move by Facebook and Twitter. They have shut down hundreds of fake accounts they say were created by the Chinese government."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mice are constantly trying to get away from cats and cats are constantly trying to catch mice. In the same way, the Chinese government will always be trying to escape restrictions on social media accounts and media companies will always be trying to find fake accounts.","questions":"What is the analogy used to describe the relationship between the Chinese government and media companies regarding fake social media accounts?","answer":"Analogy"}
{"text":["I think the crash of the stock market, along with a shooting war in Iraq and a shooting war in Afghanistan made wonkiness less toxic and less unappealing. The Democrats would always field these sort of wonky smartypants candidates. And. . .","Michael Dukakis and John Kerry.","Michael Dukakis and John Kerry, you know, Al Gore, and they were clearly knowledgeable. But the Republicans would always say, yeah, but you wouldn't want to have a beer with them. They don't understand you. They don't understand the American people. And even though our candidate - George W.  Bush comes to mind - may not be an intellectual powerhouse, he understands real people.","And, in fact, there has been in American politics for a long time - you can go all the way back to Adlai Stevenson in the '50s is a prime example - an anti-intellectual fear in American politics, that intellectuals really didn't get it, and they shouldn't be put in high office. But the relative wonkiness of Obama and Joe Biden seemed more appealing to the relative unwonkiness of John McCain and especially Sarah Palin. And I think that helped removed the taint, really, of being smart."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The wonkiness of smart candidates is not popular with voters.","questions":"How do voters perceive wonky smart candidates?","answer":"unpopular"}
{"text":["Let's go deeper, linguistically into this. When, at the time that I spoke with Reverend Jackson, and this was yesterday, we believed, knowing what we did, we being most of the press, that he had said that Senator Obama had emasculated himself. As it turned out, the phrase was much rougher and much more, you know, I want to blank, blank, blank. Is there a difference between those two ways, neither of them particularly nice, of parsing out lack of manhood?","Well, you know, I actually read that slightly differently. When I heard about the specific comments and the castration and sort of the anger in which it was delivered, even though it was a whisper of. I immediately began to think back historically about, you know, the ways and which powerful black men, or uppity black men were punished.","And it was, you know, the threat of castration was very real in the 19th century. And there's a moment of irony that Jesse Jackson would want to assert his power, his relevance, to Barack Obama's campaign by placing himself over Barack in a sense in suggesting that he is the man and also capable of taking Barack's manhood away.","Coming up this weekend, we have the start of the NAACP's annual convention and although he has not started yet, Ben Jealous is the incoming president. He's 35. He's going to be the youngest president ever of the NAACP. We seem to be seeing a generational shift overall. Is there going to be blood on the floor, metaphorically, as this shift happens?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Historically, powerful black men have been punished by threats of castration","questions":"What historical punishment have powerful black men been threatened with?","answer":"Jesse"}
{"text":["Yesterday, in a letter to Congress, Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said that significant uncertainty now exists with regard to unresolved tax and spending policies for 2013, but we didn't really need Timothy Geithner to tell us that. Ron Elving is with us. He's NPR's senior Washington editor, and he joins me here in Studio 3A to help us make sense of what's happening in Washington as this deadline looms closer like a shadow approaching. Right, Ron?Welcome back to TALK OF THE NATION.","Good to be with you, Celeste.","Explain to me what's going on 'cause, first, we heard there may be a proposal from the president, then we heard there's no proposal from the president. Where do the negotiations stand?","The Senate is here. The president is here. They appear to be talking. The president was on the phone before he left Hawaii with the Republican and Democratic leaders of both the House and Senate. And apparently in one of the conversations that he had, either last night or after he got back here today, he intimated in some way to the Republican leader in the Senate - now, of course he's the minority leader in the Senate, as the Republicans are under 50 percent in that body - and Mitch McConnell got the message one way or another that the president was going to put something new on the table later on today. And so his people came out and told all the reporters on Capitol Hill, we're getting something from the president today, stay tuned."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : We already knew about the uncertainty regarding tax and spending policies in 2013","questions":"How did Timothy Geithner's letter to Congress contribute to the current situation in Washington?","answer":"Uncertainty"}
{"text":["Thank you very much, I'm really happy to be here today.","What do you remember most about Lonesome George?","Wow, I've known George for over 30 years, and some of the interesting things working with him was just, he was a very different personality than many other tortoises, and it was always a challenge to try and figure out what the best thing to do was for George.","And among the things that we tried when I was supervising the tortoise breeding center was bringing some - a couple of females from Wolf Volcano to be in his corral. I also had a young woman from Switzerland volunteering for a couple of months, trying to do sexual stimulation with George.","And there were a lot of things we did with George, always trying to recover the Pinta population of tortoises.","But nothing worked out, huh?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : Turn 6 is a question that seeks clarification on the outcome of the speaker's efforts to recover the Pinta population, which is also a literal meaning.","questions":"What is the outcome of the PersonA's efforts to recover the Pinta population?","answer":"Failed"}
{"text":["So, what are we to make of Fabulous Fab and his verdict?","They finally got somebody - five years later, yeah. Unfortunately, it's quite the small fry in the grand scheme of things. The Goldman Sachs' trader who put together a deal that the SEC believed - and I think the evidence shows - was deceptive, at least to the people on the other side of the trade. And, you know, unlike everybody else at Goldman, he wrote some emails he really shouldn't have written and made himself a nice, big, fat, juicy target. And the SEC took full and complete advantage.","So, the Justice Department charges that hedge fund with insider trading and then shortly after that this happened. Are we looking at a trend?","Ah. Well, in terms of prosecuting individuals involved in the financial crisis, we are not looking at a trend. We are looking at an end-point. What the trend might be is that we have a new chairwoman at the SEC, Mary White, who's a former prosecutor, who has really beaten the drums about being tough on financial crime. And I think what we are seeing is the beginning of a new toughness by the SEC for which this victory gives them kind of, if nothing else, kind of a moral authority to say we can charge forward and there's a lot more financial crime out there that we are uncovering. And even though it's necessarily related to the financial crisis, we are going to be tougher. We're going to prosecute. We're going to bring tougher civil actions against firms and perhaps individuals. So, I think in that sense it does signal something new."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : beaten the drum means they are making a lot of comments about it","questions":"What does the term \"beaten the drum\" signify?","answer":"Comments"}
{"text":["Well, what it does is it does away with the prohibition against rating on pre-existing conditions, meaning that if you have a pre-existing condition - and about a third of us do - that you could be charged a much higher rate for insurance. So let me give you an example. Somebody is working, they have insurance, and they have a catastrophic illness - cancer, some other calamity. They have to stop working because they need to get their condition taken care of. If they're out for 60 days, they lose their insurance. And now, they have to pay whatever the insurance company decides is the premium because they are - now have a pre-existing condition. Somebody in that situation may never be able to accumulate enough money to pay the very high premiums and get back on the cycle of having continuous insurance coverage.","Now, of course, Speaker Ryan looks forward to what are called now high-risk pools. These would be plans that are essentially devoted to try and accommodate people who have expensive and pre-existing conditions. You're not convinced that would do it.","Well, I think that the problem with those is in the fine print. First of all, very often they are not adequately funded. And many of the high-risk pools have lifetime caps, lifetime limits.","What kind of reforms would you like to make?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Don't just paraphase the words! Find the implicated meaning! We don't want answers like: to be silent means stay quiet and not making noise, bad answer!  Please read the examples above carefully!      (1)\tA:\tWell, what it does is it does away with the prohibition against rating on pre-existing conditions, meaning that if you have a pre-existing condition - and about a third of us do - that you could be charged a much higher rate for insurance.So let me give you an example.Somebody is working, they have insurance, and they have a catastrophic illness - cancer, some other calamity.They have to stop working because they need to get their condition taken care of.If they're out for 60 days, they lose their insurance.And now, they have to pay whatever the insurance company decides is the premium because they are - now have a pre-existing condition.Somebody in that situation may never be able to accumulate enough money to pay the very high premiums and get back on the cycle of having continuous insurance coverage. (2)\tB:\tNow, of course, Speaker Ryan looks forward to what are called now high-risk pools.These would be plans that are essentially devoted to try and accommodate people who have expensive and pre-existing conditions.You're not convinced that would do it. (3)\tA:\tWell, I think that the problem with those is in the fine print.First of all, very often they are not adequately funded.And many of the high-risk pools have lifetime caps, lifetime limits. (4)\tB:\tWhat kind of reforms would you like to make?  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1)  (2)  (3)  (4)","questions":"What is the pre-existing condition mentioned in turn 1?","answer":"Cancer"}
{"text":["We've seen so many figures come and go in this administration. This one's unusually swift. What happened?","Well, the lack of experience was the first thing that jumped out. Ratcliffe has been a prosecutor and a small-town mayor in Texas. He was in his third term in Congress, very strong partisan supporter of the president but didn't have this intelligence background that previous holders of this job have had.","He got a very cool reception from Senate Republicans. Most of their statements praised the outgoing Director of National Intelligence Dan Coats, but some of them didn't even mention Ratcliffe. Some people on the Hill said they didn't even really know who he was. Richard Burr, head of the Senate Intelligence Committee, today said, I respect John Ratcliffe's decision to withdraw. So this was this really tepid response he seemed to be getting.","Not only that - as reporters started digging into his resume, they found some of his claims didn't quite hold up. What can you tell us?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : figures in this context means numbers, referring to money likely","questions":"How would you describe Ratcliffe's experience?","answer":"Lack"}
{"text":["I've gotten almost universally positive feedback. People were really encouraging me and just being much kinder than I would have expected or hoped for. The kinds of people who read it - I don't know. I guess a lot of lawyers, a lot of journalists who keep up with the court.","Yeah. I mean, the Supreme Court is definitely paying attention. You got to visit at the invitation of Justice Neil Gorsuch's clerk, and you shot some hoops on the famed Supreme Court basketball court. Is that true?","That was very nice of that clerk to do. He had seen my blog and then sent me an email asking if I'd ever had a Supreme Court tour before. And yes, I did get to shoot a basket in the highest court in the land. I kind of thought it was a joke. I'd heard about it before, but it's very real. And it took me many tries to make a layup.","So in your blog, you've interviewed - and here's an NPR plug - our own national justice correspondent Carrie Johnson. So what kind of articles are you hosting on your site?And who's writing them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Not feedback from everyone in the universe but a wide variety of people on the planet giving feedback.","questions":"How was the feedback received?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["I thought, how can I thank them?So I just jumped off the curb and popped up a salute. And I saw tears rolling by on their faces. And that's what kept me driving throughout that salute until the last bike rolled around me. And then both sides of the street just rushed me and said thank you, Marine.","So tell me about yesterday. Did you pick a certain place where you're going to be?","Yeah, it's become my memorial post. It's at 23rd and Constitution, right behind the Lincoln Monument.","And you're full uniform."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker has a permanent memorial post where people can pay their respects.","questions":"Which location has become the PersonA's memorial post?","answer":"Constitution"}
{"text":["Some of my friends and family still are able to work. However, my best friend - her DACA expires in mid-summer. So it's very important for me and for us as a community for legislation to pass.","Ciriac, I'm curious - do you regret having come forward and actually voluntarily given your information to the government when they started this program?","No, I think personally because I've been able to move forward with my life from going to college, graduating college, doing internships and now having a full-time job and having a car. I can't really regret having come out of the shadows and saying I want to do things right. This is who I am. I think it's given me a certain level of pride to say I was able to come out of the shadows, do all of these things. And I am, you know, part of your community. I am American. I am and always a Utahn. And so I can't regret coming out of the shadows if I was able to do so much and continue to move forward with my life.","Ciriac Alvarez Valle - she's a DACA recipient in Utah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Coming out of the shadows and revealing her status as a DACA recipient has allowed the speaker to pursue her dreams and be proud of her identity.","questions":"Which program has helped the speaker pursue her dreams?","answer":"DACA"}
{"text":["And I took it a few steps further and then did research and found that it wasn't that uncommon for people who were related to, you know, Russian immigrants or children of Muslims or practicing Muslims to experience racism in high school afterwards. It tends to be that people are looking for someone to blame.","Let me ask about Rez's relationship with Fatima - sort of begins as a crush. He tutors her in chemistry. And then the chemistry takes over, if you catch my (laughter) - my drift. They're equally brilliant, too. What are they seeing each other?","I think Rez is at the point where he's realize that the American idea of himself is not going to pan out. And he looks to Fatima, and he sees her. And she has never had an American idea of herself. She's had an idea of herself as belonging to her family and belonging to sort of a Middle Eastern subculture in Southern California and staying within the clan.","And he looks to her and sees the ways in which this brings her strength. She doesn't try to have American friends or be an American teenage girl. And this makes her endlessly fascinating to him."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) implies that Rez is drawn to the strength that comes from Fatima's cultural identity and her refusal to conform to American teenage norms.","questions":"How is Fatima's cultural identity described by Rez in the dialogue?","answer":"Strength"}
{"text":["Well, we're interested in understanding, one, what are all the metabolites or small molecules that are under the control of the circadian clock in these post-harvest vegetables and fruits?So in things like zucchini and carrots and sweet potato, we would expect a different sweet of metabolites to be regulated by the clock. So we'd like to know what those are. And then we'd like to know what kind of conditions could be used to make this a practical - if it turns out that we can really make a difference in nutritional quality then. . .","Right.",". . . we would want to design a simply way to keep the clock running. And we know that plants can respond to just pulses of light in ways that can control or set their clock. And so we'd like to investigate what are the simplest ways that we can use to make this practical.","Well, we wish you good luck, Dr.  Braam."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They want to design a way to keep plants's internal system working even when they are indoors.","questions":"What is the purpose of investigating the simplest ways to control the circadian clock in plants according to Dr. Braam in turn 2?","answer":"Practical"}
{"text":["Several of them. I mean, Espanola had only 14 individuals left in the 1960s, and then it was 12 females and two males. A third male was found in the San Diego Zoo and brought back to Galapagos (unintelligible) 1975. And there have now been about 2,000 young tortoises released back to that island through the reproduction program at the tortoise center here on Santa Cruz.","The same holds true for several of the other populations. I would say many of the populations are out of danger. But we're still, given the exploitation from the 1800s, the total tortoise population of Galapagos is still about 10 to 20 percent of the original population. So we have a long way to go to bring them back to the original populations.","A couple of questions tweeted and asked by listeners of the same ilk, saying: Would it be possible to clone him?","OK, this is an interesting thing, and we are trying to save some of Lonesome George's tissues, cells. Cloning in reptiles has really not been developed at all, and we're doing - a few mammals seem to be doing OK, but in general the technology, the methodology to actually clone reptiles is decades away.","So hopefully they will be able to maintain cells as in cryogenics, and who knows in the future, but at the moment, it would be impossible."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"out of danger\" - This implies that the populations of the tortoises are no longer threatened or endangered, rather than just not in immediate danger.","questions":"Which populations are no longer threatened or endangered?","answer":"Several"}
{"text":["I Hope I didn't butcher your name too much. I apologize if I did. This book delves deeply into all of the political powers struggles involved in the building of our nation's capital. Really briefly, first talk about how the capital was moved from Philadelphia to Washington.","Well, first, let's frame it a bit by way of saying that we got our capital on the Potomac River thanks to the politics of slavery and thanks to the hard physical labor of enslaved African-Americans in the 1790s. There was a terrific political battle in the early 1790s over where the nation's capital was going to be. Think of the United States as a - just a collection of little mini-states mostly at odds with each other and without any great unifying national symbol. The capital was supposed to be that unifying symbol.","Congress originally voted to place the capital in Pennsylvania, a free state in the north. However, as you can imagine, Southern slave owners were irate at the prospect of a free-state capital that would set freedom as the national paradigm. They lobbied very aggressively for a Southern capital. There were 32 different sites originally considered, but the capital wound up on the Potomac thanks to probably the country's first real backroom deal cut between Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton.","Well, in fact, you talk a lot in the book about what you call corruption that surrounded the establishing of the capital where it was, and you mention, as you've just now done, that there were presidents involved - Jefferson, Washington, Madison and Hamilton. So how much was the corruption a part of this?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They hope that the did not mispronounce the person's name too badly.  ","questions":"How did PersonB express their concern to A?","answer":"Apologize"}
{"text":["What I'm going to do next time or in the next few months is I'm going to get storm shutters put in my house. We have no plans on moving, though.","With the electricity restored, the whole family is moving back in today.","And how's baby William doing?","He's doing wonderful. He's eating and sleeping like a champ (laughter). And his big sister is loving her new role, so we're very happy."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Baby William and his sister are adjusting well to their new family dynamic","questions":"How are the siblings adapting to the changes in their family?","answer":"Wonderful"}
{"text":["It's a lot. . .",". . . Yes.","It's a lot of money to most people around the country.","And congressman, you know, if - let me understand this, are you calling for the outright abolition of the program?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is acknowledging and agreeing with the previous speaker's statement, but does not provide any additional information or opinion. The meaning of this turn depends on the context of the conversation.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue does not provide any additional information or opinion?","answer":"Turn1"}
{"text":["Yeah, thank you.","So tell us what the article said.","Well, it's very interesting. It's in the Jesuit magazine La Civilta Cattolica. It's a very historic magazine, the Jesuits, of course, being the same order that Pope Francis - an order of priest that Pope Francis is a part of. And what's very interesting is that these two authors are known to be quite close to him. One, Antonio Spadaro, was the person who interviewed him in 2013 and made a big splash. And what they're saying is that they're concerned about ties between fundamental evangelicals and, kind of, right-wing Catholics in the U. S.  that are focused only on very neuralgic issues and kind of dividing in politics.","And the article, I believe, specifically talks about xenophobic and Islamophobic views.","Yeah. What the authors say is that, you know, Pope Francis has really been trying to create a culture of dialogue encounter, really working with people across all the spectrums. And what the two authors in this article are saying is that these right-wing groups in the U. S.  have been really doing the opposite. Where Pope Francis is trying to build bridges, they're trying to build walls. And they're playing up concerns about migration, about refugees. And they're kind of operating in the exact opposite way of the pope which, for a Catholic, is obviously a very strange thing.","All right, this article also directly mentions President Donald Trump and his adviser Steve Bannon. What does it say about them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : \"Directly mentions President Donald Trump and his adviser Steve Bannon\" - The literal meaning is that they are specifically referred to by name in the article.","questions":"How are President Donald Trump and his adviser Steve Bannon mentioned in the article?","answer":"Trump,Bannon"}
{"text":["It's the most remarkable story of evil coming out of Russia that I've seen in a long time. And what it shows is that they're not just messing with the election in the United States or doping in the Olympics. But they've got their tentacles into just about everything everywhere. This is one story that shows that.","I have to ask you, Mr.  Browder, there are plenty of people - and we hear from them - who are skeptical about Russia being seen at the center of so many allegations. And they say the U. S.  and the West are just crawling back into a destructive Cold War mentality. How do you answer that?","Well, I mean, Russia was responsible for shooting down MH17. Russia was responsible for invading Ukraine. Russia is responsible for taking away the chemical weapons in Syria that they didn't take away. Russia was responsible for having honest athletes in the Olympics when they did the whole doping program. I mean, Russia is the one who is making the trouble. Russia is really a sort of a nonentity when it comes to - the economy is the size of the state of New York. Their military budget is 5 percent of the U. S.  military budget. We shouldn't even be thinking about Russia other than the fact that they're sort of putting their nose into every bit of terrible activity all over the world.","Quick question - but it's important to get along, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Russia's actions in shooting down MH17, invading Ukraine, not complying with chemical weapons removal in Syria, and doping in the Olympics show their troublesome behavior globally.","questions":"How many allegations are Russia at the center of?","answer":"Many"}
{"text":["Midterm elections are always a little tricky for pollsters. What do polls about national issues and inclinations mean when control the House and Senate will be decided district by district and state by state?But this time around, there's even less data and fewer polls to analyze. NPR's Domenico Montanaro joins us. Thanks very much for being with us, Domenico.","Always a pleasure. Thank you.","Fewer polls?","Yeah. There are fewer polls this time around, and that is a real problem. I mean, when you look at the fact that newspaper readership at a local level is dwindling, their revenue is being cut, they were the ones who used to fund a lot of these polls, especially in congressional districts. And on a statewide level, there are dozens of fewer polls. So take them all with a grain of salt."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the accuracy of polls during midterm elections is already questionable due to the nature of the district and state-by-state voting process.","questions":"Which process makes the accuracy of polls during midterm elections questionable?","answer":"GOOD"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me.","So first, let me ask, you know, how bad is the outbreak?How many people have died?And what did you see as you traveled into the countryside?","At the moment, there have been 600 confirmed and suspected cases according to the ministry of health. You know, the biggest worry is that the virus or the disease is spreading slowly or down south to Goma, which is the regional capital in eastern Congo. If Ebola hits Goma, then there are real fears that the crisis could spread globally because the city sits on the border with Rwanda. And it also has an international airport. And, you know, international organizations like the WHO have already started kind of contingency plans by setting up a treatment center there and vaccinating future frontline workers.","Now, as you traveled, you found that these regional militias known as the Mai-Mai were really interfering with the health workers, and the health workers sort of had to negotiate in order to be able to get to people to help them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The health workers had to use tactics to convince the Mai-Mai to let them access people in need of help.","questions":"How did the health workers get access to people in need of help?","answer":"Negotiate"}
{"text":["And, of course, a lot of the Democrats are aware of these shortfalls. And there are counties with only one insurance company and counties where it's not clear there are going to be any insurance companies. And some of that's been overblown, but there are real problems. And, of course, any bill, any large program, any law needs to be revisited and amended, and the parties need to get together to do that.","These insults this week flying back and forth between the president and Kim Jong Un - lunatic, frightened dog, dotard. I don't know about you, I had to look that one up.","We all did.","This is this just scenery chewing or are people in official Washington worried it could encourage something more destructive?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies that the speaker is asking if the exchange is just a show, or whether people in official Washington are actually worried that it could lead to something more destructive.","questions":"Which exchange is PersonB asking about?","answer":"Exchange"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So boys are broken. What did you mean by that?","I want to clarify that I am not an expert in gender studies. I'm not an expert really in anything, other than maybe '80s music. And so my thoughts are reflective on my experiences and the experiences of people around me and my observations after living 46 years as a dude. What do I mean by boys are broken?I think it means that there is something going on with American men that is giving them the permission and space to commit violence. And one of the main things we focus on correctly is guns and mental health, but I think deeper than that is a problem, a crisis in masculinity.","You wrote in this that the last 50 years redefined womanhood. Women were taught that they can be anything. No commensurate movement for men, who are still generally locked to the same rigid, outdated model of masculinity. And it's killing us. When you say that there's this rigid masculinity, what do you mean by that - that men aren't able to express themselves?","Partially, yeah. I also think that masculinity doesn't have a language in the way that femininity has come to have a language. We understand that femininity can be much more broadly encompassing than masculinity now. When you think of a strong woman, that doesn't rob her of any of her femininity. But when you think of a fragile man, that has the effect culturally, I think, of neutering that guy. And so much of masculinity is rooted in sexuality."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Rigid masculinity implies that men are not able to express themselves and it's killing them.","questions":"What is killing men according to the statement?","answer":"outdatedness"}
{"text":[". . . it climbs up the string you put out for it.","Yeah, yeah, yeah. So they - just for a little anatomy, a little review of that. The cucumber has the plant part, but then it also has these climbing appendages. And when it's growing, it sorts of swings them around, grabs on to a support. And when it does that, something changes in that tendril, and it starts to curl. And that is exactly what physicist Sharon Gerbode in Harvey Mudd College and biologist Joshua Puzey at Harvard and some colleagues looked at and published this week in the journal, Science.","Why does that cucumber tendril curl?And, you know, you might be thinking, well, whatever. But Charles Darwin was interested in this question, you know.","Yeah, yeah. It's an old question. You know, if you grow stuff, you know that the stuff, you know, goes out and curls around things."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The cucumber has climbing appendages, not climbing strings.","questions":"Which part of the cucumber tends to curl?","answer":"Tendril"}
{"text":[". . . Didn't make millions. I know he made a lot - who ran Bernie Sanders' campaign.","Yeah, I think it's a question of, you know, does money tempt you to do things that you might not otherwise do?","Well, you've been there. What do you say?","I like to think that you need to stay grounded, right?You need to stay grounded. You need to say to yourself, am I doing what matters to the country and our future?Or am I just thinking about just pure self-interest, the amount of money that I can amass for myself and my family?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : One should prioritize the country's future over personal gain.","questions":"What should be prioritized over personal gain?","answer":"Future"}
{"text":["You're welcome.","Remind us, please, about some of the allegations facing Secretary Zinke because they have been building.","They have. One Washington-based ethics watchdog tallied 17 different investigations and controversies around Zinke. The one everyone will be - will remember are the really expensive doors. The Interior Department apparently spent $139,000 to replace three sets of doors. But the bigger issues were related to whether he had travel or financial dealings that were unethical or that favored industry and somehow benefited himself. Those are ongoing. And there was a concern or a thought, a very real likely concern, that congressional Democrats were going to take those ethical quandaries a lot more seriously and would be investigating when Democrats took over the House.","Yeah. So that might prompt the decision now in addition to any effect the president might want to have on the news cycle?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Secretary Zinke is involved in multiple investigations and controversies.","questions":"How many investigations and controversies are related to Secretary Zinke?","answer":"17"}
{"text":["Jamal Khashoggi's eldest son was photographed meeting the crown prince earlier this week. For a lot of people, it was heart-rending to see. And it was announced shortly after he'd be allowed to travel to the U. S.  We gather, according to reports, he's arrived there. Is it possible someone told him pose with the prince and you can get out of here?","Absolutely. There's no question. The royal family had banned him from traveling since his father had left the kingdom to go into exile. And there had to be a lot of behind-the-scenes maneuvering, including requests specifically by the United States and Secretary of State Pompeo to allow him to leave the country and join his brothers in the United States. Three of Khashoggi's sons are American citizens, and I gather the fourth son was not.","The head of the CIA, Gina Haspel, was in Turkey this week being briefed. What do we know about what she was told and what she did?","Well, the CIA hasn't provided specifics, but it's been widely reported that she listened to this alleged tape of Jamal's last moments and what happened to him inside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul. I mean, this is going to be a pivotal moment for the Trump administration. It has to make a very hard call - what to do about an ally that has been pivotal in three of President Trump's five most important foreign policy goals."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is suggested that the meeting between Jamal Khashoggi's son and the crown prince was staged to give the impression that he is safe and free to leave Saudi Arabia.","questions":"Which Saudi royal member banned Jamal Khashoggi's eldest son from traveling?","answer":"Prince"}
{"text":["How did she describe it?","It happened to be a beautiful day when she posted this picture, but you see rubble side by side with, you know, people doing their shopping, people just going about their business, school kids returning to school. It's surreal.","So there's the physical scars of this conflict, but what about the other one that you mentioned, which is justice?Will there be justice for anyone who committed atrocities?There's so much evidence of the chemical attacks, the murders, the torture, the disappearances. What happens to that?","There are some bright spots of hope - the fact that we saw - that we're starting to see indictments in European courts. You know, interestingly enough, a lot of people who were perpetrators of some of the worst crimes inside Syria, whether they did it in the name of the regime or in the name of an opposition, have found themselves in Europe and, therefore, sort of subject to European justice because other Syrians have recognized them. Other Syrians have identified them. And there might be hopes that there can be an accountability in that sense.","But I think inside Syria, you know, the actual architects of most of this - of this incredible disaster still remain at large. And not only at large or in power, but about to potentially be incredibly enriched by the reconstruction that, in theory, is coming to Syria.","So what do you think the road ahead looks like for Syria?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : There is not a road but life in general that is meant here. What Syria will go through is what is meant.","questions":"Which aspect of Syria's future is being referred to as \"life in general\"?","answer":"life"}
{"text":["You mean somebody rational?","Yeah, someone he could work with.","Yeah.","That would be very good."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is suggesting that there may be a hidden agenda or underlying motive behind their words.","questions":"What is the implied motive behind the PersonA's words?","answer":"Motive"}
{"text":["In Larry Nassar's statement to the court last year just before he was sentenced, he said he'd been impacted to his inner-most core by the testimony of his victims, including yourself. But he did not apologize. He was, though, sentenced to life in prison. Did you feel resolution walking away from that day?","You know, I did in the sense that Larry will never be able to hurt another child. And I take great comfort in that. That being said, Larry was a symptom of the problem. And that's something, again, that I really wanted to dig into in the book. Larry didn't just magically appear as one of the most prolific predators in campus history, in sports history and in history in general. He didn't magically appear that way. He was enabled and sheltered by powerful organizations, by law enforcement agencies that mishandled or refused to investigate reports of sexual misconduct. And so while we were able to stop Larry, what really remains to be done and the work that has just begun is dealing with the institutions and the dynamics that left him in power.","Rachael Denhollander is an activist and former gymnast. Her book \"What Is A Girl Worth?\"and her children's book \"How Much Is A Little Girl Worth?\"are out now. Rachael, thank you so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : References to magic aren't meant to be literal. Of course he didn't magically appear. The implication is simply that Nassar is a product of the organization he worked for.","questions":"How was Nassar's behavior described in the dialogue?","answer":"Prolific"}
{"text":["So along the way, you met a lot of interesting characters. And I want to particularly talk about a sommelier named Morgan Harris. He plays a big role. He's kind of like your wine shepherd. Tell us a little bit about him.","Ah, my wine fairy godmother. I mean, he's just amazing. He was my - he was really my mentor. He had this magnetic passion for wine. I mean, the first time I met him, I basically sat through a 2. 5-hour monologue that was an ode to everything from the great Rieslings of the early 20th century to the $1,200 bottle of champagne he thought would be a religious experience.","So this is a question - because he is this sort of wine evangelist if you will, he believes wines can recontextualize people's places in the universe. First of all, what does that mean?","And second of all - I mean, do you think that wine really has the power that he says it does?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"he believes wines can recontextualize people's places in the universe.\" Here, the speaker is using the metaphorical phrase \"recontextualize people's places in the universe\" to describe the transformative power of wine to change people's perceptions, experiences, and understanding of the world. The literal meaning of \"recontextualize people's places in the universe\" would be related to astronomy or physics, and not to the sensory experience of wine.","questions":"Which metaphorical phrase is used to describe the transformative power of wine according to turn 2?","answer":"Transformative"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, our house never got flooded. We never lost power. We have this lifted Jeep because we like to go off-roading. We have this kayak because we like to go kayaking. All these tools that we had, we were fortunate enough to have. So we thought, why not?You know, these people need help. Not many people here are able to help them, so we did what we could.","What's it look like now?The water is receding, we're told, but there must be an awful lot left.","Oh, yeah. There's just devastation to all the homes. Power lines are down, broken by trees. Just devastation everywhere. I mean, mold in the homes is already setting in. Just everything is destroyed.","Alison, do you worry about some of the chemicals and the detritus that's left behind?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of the phrase \"detritus that's left behind\" is physical debris that has been left behind after a disaster. However, the implied meaning of the phrase is the chemical pollutants and hazardous materials that have been left behind after the disaster.","questions":"How would you describe the type of debris left behind after the disaster?","answer":"chemical"}
{"text":["But we can also use technology to, you know, warn providers when they're entering orders, for instance. If I'm supposed to be in Mr.  James Smith and entering a complex chemotherapy order, for instance, I'd get an alert saying, are you sure?","Because there was another, you know, Mr.  James Smith on the same ward in the hospital. Are you sure you're entering orders on the right Mr.  James Smith, you know, for instance?","Anything a patient can do to protect him or herself?","With electronic health records has come in a layer of additional transparency for the health care system where patients can access more information electronically than they could ever do before."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Are there any steps that patients can take to ensure their medical records are accurate and secure","questions":"How does technology provide additional transparency in the healthcare system?","answer":"Information"}
{"text":["On the whole, that - it's been amazing. The volunteers, the support has been amazing. Obviously, there's a small percentage of people who are detractors and don't like the idea at all. But I think most of them are just kind of misinformed on what the status is of the asylum-seekers. And, you know, they want them all to go home, and that's just not possible. But on the whole, it's been really positive.","Well, you mentioned that some residents of your community are curious about the status. I wonder, has Customs and Border Protection told you not just what you're supposed to do with these people but how long you should plan on them being there?","Well, first of all they're - they have a legal U. S.  status, so there's nothing that we're supposed to do with them.","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker acknowledges some people don't support the asylum seekers, but they believe that most of them don't understand the situation well.","questions":"Which group of people does the speaker believe are misinformed about the status of the asylum-seekers?","answer":"Detractors"}
{"text":["How fair or accurate is the idea that Joan Kroc gave away Ray Kroc's money to a lot of places and causes of which he would not have approved?","A lot of old-guard McDonald's people I've talked to are angry that Joan made gifts that, in their estimation, were more liberal-leaning than Ray, perhaps, would've liked, including her million-dollar gift to the Democrats - now - and her active work in the peace movement and building these peace institutes at both Notre Dame and the University of San Diego.","I don't think she did it to spite Ray or to get back at him at all, although I do know that during the course of their marriage, she said she suppressed her politics and her interests in some ways because she didn't want to seem untoward. And yet, that doesn't square up with the fact that she started this alcoholism education charity while Ray was clearly afflicted. So the dichotomy or the juxtaposition of all these odd facts with Joan is what makes her so interesting to me. She was a very complicated person.","Lisa Napoli, her book, \"Ray And Joan: The Man Who Made The Mcdonald's Fortune And The Woman Who Gave It All Away. \""],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implied meaning here is not about the fairness or accuracy of the idea, but rather about whether Joan Kroc's donations were in line with Ray Kroc's beliefs and whether Joan acted out of spite or not.","questions":"What was the million-dollar gift made by Joan Kroc to the Democrats?","answer":"Democrats"}
{"text":["Oh, I really like the scene at DefCon. I don't think there's a single corner of the U. S.  or, you know, maybe even the world, where people take their privacy more seriously.","People pay their own way, right?Why do they go?","Well, people come here for a mix of reasons, OK?Some people are coming here for skills building. There are little villages in DefCon - as they're called. So one village, for example, teaches you how to break locks. Another village is focused on social engineering. And that's when you can learn to how to use the deep web - the parts of the web that are not on Google - to fish for information, which is a great tool for a journalist to have. Other people come here for recruitment. While this is a very countercultural space and you have, you know, mohawks and tattoos - even face tattoos - you know, this is also a place where the establishment comes over to look for their next talent. So you actually have a lot of side-conversations between people that look very different. And you can tell that people are talking about jobs and career.","Have they played spot the fed this year?I mean, has there been any government presence - any NSA on site?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning is that DefCon is a place where people with diverse backgrounds and interests come together, and it is also a place where employers come to look for talent.","questions":"What is DefCon known for besides being a countercultural space?","answer":"Recruitment"}
{"text":["Yeah, well, when I was a young, little Muppet baby version of myself, you know, I mean - I guess people were right in that I was kind of a punk kid. I was anti-everything. I was anti-capitalist, first of all. I just don't have a lot of respect for profit motive. So as an artist, you know, I had a hard time. You know, when I was living hand to mouth, you know, my first manager - as a teenager, you know - tell people you have tapes for sale. Like, no, no.","(Laughter) You didn't even want to do that.","I just feel like a jerk. I didn't want to. I couldn't do it. I couldn't do it.","What I loved about the book was that I didn't come away with an impression that you suffered from self-doubt. You kind of always knew that it just didn't matter how hard it was, you were just - this was your thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"I feel like a jerk\" - This is a figurative expression meaning that the speaker feels embarrassed or foolish.","questions":"Which expression does turn 2 represent?","answer":"Jerk"}
{"text":["I want to talk a little bit about the words that are used to describe wine. You know, normally we hear things like dry, oaky, buttery - I kind of understand what those mean. But sommeliers have a much more creative way of describing tasting notes that you might not hear in a restaurant.","Well, you get everything from the more straightforward fruits and vegetables. So it could be pomegranate, raspberry, blackberry, apple, pear, lemon. They can also range to the far more imaginative. There were times where I was sitting in a tasting group and I thought that I was hearing someone read from a Wiccan book of love spells.","(Laughter).","Burnt hair, desiccated strawberry, armpit, you know (laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Burnt hair, desiccated strawberry, armpit, you know.\" This turn implies that the person is using unconventional and perhaps even unpleasant descriptions to convey the taste and aroma of the wine, rather than simply using literal and conventional terms like \"sweet\" or \"fruity\".","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue suggests that the person is using unconventional and perhaps even unpleasant descriptions to convey the taste and aroma of the wine?","answer":"Unconventional"}
{"text":["Always a pleasure, Neal.","And how big is this change?","It is big. The previous record was in 2007, where a very large percentage of this ice melted away. This year, it's already bigger than 2007 by an area the size of Texas. This is - this really shattered that record which in itself was a pretty dramatic departure from the average.","And, well, if things melt, it's because things are warmer, right?","That is exactly right. And what happens also is the Arctic ice has been getting thinner over the years. And so it used to be that you can have some warm summers up there, and you wouldn't melt it all away because you'd have 10 feet or 20 feet thick of ice. And you'd melt some of it, but you wouldn't melt it all the way through. But because of this warming trend up there, it is where the planet is warming faster than anywhere else. The Arctic, what we've seen is the ice getting thinner up there. And so a fairly small pretubance will actually melt a lot of the ice because it's thin to begin with. You don't have to melt 20 feet of ice. You might melt three feet of ice."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The ice is thinning, making it easier to melt, so a small increase in temperature can cause significant melting.","questions":"Which phenomenon is making it easier for the ice to melt?","answer":"Thinning"}
{"text":["Shelter in place. Stay away from windows. Maybe get in a reinforced room like a bathroom, something with no windows. The building I'm in - we're retreating to the inner corridors right now. And there's a stairwell inside that - we have some kids with us. We're putting the kids in there. We're putting pets in crates in bathrooms - just to get to the safest part of the building you're in. Stay away from the windows. And wait for the winds to go down.","Just to give us a little bit of context, you know, how have the Keys weathered major storms in the past?Is - how does this hurricane fit into the history of Key West and its exposure to storms?","Yet to be seen. But to me, it looks like the most serious one since the 1935 Labor Day hurricane, which was a Category 5. It went across Islamorada. In the upper Keys, it took out the overseas railway, and it killed more than 400 people. So Key West has seen other impacts since then. Wilma, in 2005, sent about a 5, 6-foot storm surge over the islands - and not just U. S. , a lot of the Keys. So that was a pretty serious impact. But nothing like this - not a Category 4.","Nancy Klingener of member station WLRN. We'll be checking in with you, we hope. Please stay safe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is a dangerous situation happening that requires people to seek shelter and take precautions.","questions":"What is the recommended room to retreat to during the dangerous situation mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Bathroom"}
{"text":["Well, you know, the Chinese economy has some major problems even in boom times. It's awash with corruption, enormous inefficiencies. It still has training wheels in many respects, and when an economic crisis hits a booming economy, it tends to make it more efficient. When it emerges, it becomes an even better competitor.","And we've seen this with other emerging Asian economies in the past - after the first oil shock in Japan. Japan really got its act together and became our foremost competitor then.","And how will this affect what's happening here in the United States in terms of manufacturing and jobs here?","You know, I think it is an economic question and a political question, and there are some uncertainties on how we will play our hand. The president-elect when he was talking about creating jobs at home, he was really stressing incentives on keeping jobs here, giving companies good reasons to keep jobs here."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : An economic crisis can lead to better competitiveness.","questions":"What can an economic crisis lead to?","answer":"Competitiveness"}
{"text":["The closest, I think, that the really strict mechanical scientists have come to that is eye tracking. And in eye tracking, they're really dealing with the most rudimentary kind of illusion perception. You know, they're saying, well, because we have now equipment that allows you to see exactly the focal point of the eye at any given moment, they have people watch videos of magicians, and they track the position of the people's eyes.","And they discovered - there are a couple of worthwhile things they have discovered. They have discovered, for example, that when a magician makes a straight movement from one point to another, the human eye looks at the first point and then dashes to the second point but doesn't really pay attention to the journey between those two, whereas, if the magician moves in a curved pattern, the eye follows the movement all the way. So that seems to me - that is the most profound revelation that I've heard from the people who are doing this sort of really lab-y, techie kind of stuff.","And is it something you can use or you're already out there using and you just never had a name for it?","I suppose if I ever thought about the small journeys of things, I probably would use it. I rarely do."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  A: \"I suppose if I ever thought about the small journeys of things, I probably would use it.\" Here, the phrase \"small journeys of things\" does not refer to literal physical journeys. It implies paying attention to the details or processes involved in certain actions or events.","questions":"How does the phrase \"small journeys of things\" relate to PersonA's potential use of it?","answer":"Details"}
{"text":["The parallels between the two men were extraordinary, and, of course, I didn't know that when I started researching the story. But every step of the way, there was something else that was a mirror image. They both pursued lofty goals in childhood. They both suffered love and loss as young men. They both lost their wives and were left with infant daughters at very young ages. They both embraced public service, and they both emerged as leaders. And the thing is that in another more enlightened time, they could've held the other's job.","It is also interesting. We mentioned Frederick Douglass, obviously the first generation of African-American leaders in this country. He met with President Lincoln, was - discussed the race issue several times during the Civil War with him, and it is Booker T.  Washington who sort of picks up the mantle, along with W.  E.  B. Du Bois.","They did. But it was interesting to me that Booker T.  Washington and Du Bois came from completely different positions. Slavery was not a concept to Booker T.  Washington. He lived it. Whereas Du Bois grew up in Massachusetts and had a - was born free and had a completely different experience. It was really Booker T.  Washington's mission to lead his people out of slavery. He was actually called the Negro Moses, and it was Du Bois' mission to lead them into the 20th century. If they had been able to work together in concert, I think that what they would've achieved would've been remarkable.","Yet they had tensions, well, I think, that continue to this day."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of (4) is that the tensions between Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois are still relevant today. This is different from the literal meaning, which is that the two men had tensions.","questions":"What is the subject of the tensions mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Tensions"}
{"text":["Yes, sir.","The Post and Courier, which is the newspaper there in Charleston, they got an article that between 1982 and 2011 there have been 25 high school track-related deaths either to the discus, the shot put or the javelin.","Correct.","And some, I mean, you know, some pretty gruesome descriptions of javelin injuries. You're not intimidated by that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"You're not intimidated by that?\" - This turn is a rhetorical question and does not literally ask whether the person is intimidated or not, but instead implies that they should be intimidated.","questions":"How does turn 3 function in the dialogue?","answer":"Implication"}
{"text":["Nick Vlahos, the Peoria Journal Star columnist, points out that in 2015, ConAgra Foods moved its headquarters from Omaha to Chicago. He thinks many executives of what's become a world agricultural industry jet around the globe and just want to live somewhere else, he wrote this week. How are you going to keep them down on the farm after they've seen Kuala Lumpur?","Caterpillar will continue to employ about 12,000 people in Peoria, although Nick Vlahos asks, after all the happy horse pucks the company has propagated about its commitment to Peoria, does anybody believe that?But 300 people, executives and support staff will leave town. In one stroke, Peoria will lose many of the people who help enrich a city's institutions.","I hope Caterpillar's executives will enjoy Chicago's many museums, theaters, symphonies, ballets, sports teams and restaurants in all of the flavors of the world. But who will now buy box seats to cheer the Peoria Chiefs or support the Peoria Symphony - now in the middle of its season - the Peoria Children's Museum, the Corn Stalk Summer Theatre, the Peoria Zoo, the Players Theater - now performing \"Into The Woods\" - and the Peoria Riverfront Museum and its huge glass tank filled with silvery striper, trout, walleye and channel catfish from the Illinois River?","(Singing) Yes, I'm proud to live in Peoria."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : is implying that Caterpillar's commitment to Peoria may not be as strong as they suggested;","questions":"What is Nick Vlahos questioning about Caterpillar's commitment to Peoria?","answer":"Commitment"}
{"text":["We got a few letters about the interview you did with Rick Warren this week. Celine Welch(ph) in Fort Worth, Texas, wrote into say she was a fan of the show, but not of the interview you did with the influential pastor.","Celine wrote, you began by asking him about rumors that McCain may have heard the first part of the show. Regardless of what he said, there was no way for Warren to know what was happening with McCain while Warren was on stage. What you should have asked was, why did you tell the audience at the beginning of the forum that McCain was in a cone of silence when in fact he was in a motorcade on the way to the church. That's something Warren needs to account for.","Then Thomas Tenhave(ph) in Philidelphia, Pennsylvania, had a different take on the interview. But he still thought we missed some topics. Farai Chideya did an excellent job interviewing Rick Warren, however, as with most of the media, it rarely hones in on misstatements. Ms.  Chideya failed to ask Mr.  Warren why social justice concerns were such a low priority, that they weren't raised because he ran out of time. Really?Once again, social justice takes a back seat to abortion, foreign affairs, and gay marriage. So much for Mr.  Warren's attempts to separate himself from the Christian right.","This month we're doing a series on addiction. Listener Anise Rice(ph) wrote in to say. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The interviewer should have asked about the misleading information provided by Mr. Warren about McCain's whereabouts.","questions":"What did Celine Welch criticize about the interview with Rick Warren?","answer":"Rumors"}
{"text":["The British travel company Thomas Cook has collapsed. The company coordinates packaged tours, or rather they did coordinate packaged tours. They're going out of business immediately, leaving hundreds of thousands of travelers stranded overseas. The British government says getting a total of 150,000 British nationals home will require the biggest peacetime repatriation operation that Britain has ever conducted.","Daniel Thomas is the executive news editor of The Financial Times. He's covering this story from London. Welcome to the program.","Good morning.","How does a 178-year-old company close overnight?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when a company collapses, it means they went out of business.","questions":"How did Thomas Cook coordinate tours?","answer":"Packaged"}
{"text":["Yeah. These were street fights that got very intense at some stage. And what happened is a large group of pro-Russian protesters fled into a building. I guess they were seeking shelter or looking for a place to perhaps launch their own attacks.","And what video footage shows is that protesters - other protesters began throwing Molotov cocktails at the building, which went up in flame. And many of these victims died of smoke inhalation or jumping from windows or - you know, when they were jumping from windows.","And let's try and follow up on a couple of things, too. What happens now that the European military - we can no longer refer to them as hostages. European military monitors have been released. What happens to their mission?","Well, we have to remember that these particular people who were taken captive were not part of the OSCE or - that's the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe - they were not part of this official mission that's supposed to be monitoring what's going on here. And so they will - obviously, they're not going to be back here to do what it was they were doing. They were just monitoring separately. But the OSCE mission is continuing to look at what's happening here."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) A: Well, we have to remember that these particular people who were taken captive were not part of the OSCE or - that's the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe - they were not part of this official mission that's supposed to be monitoring what's going on here. And so they will - obviously, they're not going to be back here to do what it was they were doing. They were just monitoring separately. But the OSCE mission is continuing to look at what's happening here.","questions":"How were the captive people related to the OSCE mission?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["It probably depends on what chapter you're reading at the time. It's probably all of those things!I don't know who decides what goes into what box or what bin or what shelf, you know. For me, it's just about finding a character, finding a story, following, I guess, my heart at what I'm working on at the moment. And it just kind of falls, you know, wherever it may out there after that, you know.","There's been a lot of attention to the whole idea of street lit. And Zane, who's an erotica writer, extremely popular, sells a ton of books. A lot of people are like, well, she just can't write, but there's a lot of sex in it. And there's also a question that some people have raised about whether or not it is good for the race to have books that are explicit about black sexuality out there. So. . .","What race?The human race?","The black race. The black race. And so I bring this up because so often when people, you know, just as you mentioned, the distinctions between the way some people will look at female sexuality and male sexuality and what it's like to have a track record and whether that makes you a bad person. You know, people also look at these distinctions by race and say, oh well, black people are oversexed. That's some people stereotyping. Are you ever afraid that by doing work like this that you're, you know, I don't know, playing into a stereotype?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Some people criticize Zane's writing for being too sexual and question whether it perpetuates negative stereotypes about black people.","questions":"What is the topic of the criticism of Zane's writing?","answer":"Zane's"}
{"text":["I want to kind of mention quickly the things that are floating out there as rumors and are not confirmed. Again, these are things that people are talking about and are not confirmed. There are many people who immediately assumed this is a terror attack. Tovia, this is not confirmed.","Not confirmed. Nothing about the cause of this, whether it was some kind of unintentional explosion from down in a manhole or something or whether it was a bomb. The police do tell me that the bomb squad is on the scene, as you would expect, along with police and fire and rescue, but they are not talking about the cause. They - a briefing is coming soon but it's taking some time to maneuver down there and also to collect some good information, some hard data about what's going on and numbers of injured and the rest.","What agency are you speaking with to confirm what's going on?Is it the Boston Police Department?","Boston police is who I have been talking to. The hospitals are confirming that people are on their way as well.","This is TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"floating out there\" implies that people are talking about this incident without any confirmed information so what is being spread may not be true","questions":"What is the implication of the phrase \"floating out there\" in turn 0?","answer":"Uncertain"}
{"text":["No. In this part of Mozambique, it's a complete anomaly. It's unheard of. This close to the equator such a powerful storm, it's not something anybody was expecting.","And I understand that you were just in Beira, which was covering the cyclone that you mentioned there. And how is a second major storm going to affect the ability of government and aid organizations to respond?I mean, just give us a sense of what they're currently - what they've been dealing with already and how they might adapt to this latest storm.","Well, it's a massive humanitarian operation unfolding in central Mozambique where I hit last month. There are dozens of agencies trying to reach the lost communities that still haven't received aid. And by some estimates, there are still over a hundred thousand people who have not yet received any assistance. The logistics of reaching these remote communities is extremely complicated, especially given that a lot of the roads have been washed out or partially blocked, causing bottlenecks. And yes, it's not an easy business getting the bare necessities to these communities.","So, finally, as I mentioned, you're a photojournalist. Could you just give us a sense of one or two of the images that have that have really stayed with you as you've covered these two major storms?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Reaching remote communities with aid is extremely difficult due to washed out or partially blocked roads.","questions":"How is aid delivery affected by the roads?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["That's right. Rand Paul inherits a tremendous base from his father Ron Paul, but also that ceiling that you're referring to, which is largely foreign policy. Ron Paul always had great buzz. He really did. And he had some fundraising and disappointing vote totals. His persona was never enough to really attract people. And Rand Paul brings a kind of youthful freshness to libertarianism that his father never did.","Jeb Bush resigned from more corporate boards recently than most of us have chopping boards in our kitchen. Is there a chance he won't run for president now?","Not anymore. He's cleared his decks. As you mentioned, he's gotten a lot of financial stuff out of the way, old emails from his time in public office. The fundraising operations he's created are a clear sign, also, the team he's assembling, the social media presence. Four years ago, he said he had family issues that kept him from running. And now perhaps he feels he's resolved those. But whether he has or not, he is running.","A question I wouldn't have projected even a few weeks ago - is there any more room for Chris Christie?And should he have stayed home and watched that Cowboys-Lions game?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  Implied meaning: Is there space for Chris Christie to enter the presidential race and has he made a mistake by attending the Cowboys-Lions game?","questions":"How did turn 3 summarize PersonB's question about Chris Christie's chances in the presidential race and his decision to attend the Cowboys-Lions game?","answer":"Running"}
{"text":["But that's the idea.","So far, on your video, you show that you can make something that looks like Band-Aid, like cover a cut.","It's like a blob. But it's a really beautiful blob.","It's beautiful. I think it reminded me of flower petals, you know, opening and closing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is different than what most people would imagine a blob to be.","questions":"What is the shape of the blob?","answer":"Flower"}
{"text":["Now, your assessment is far more kind, I think, than that of the fan base. And I'm basing that on a tweet from the Tampa Bay Lightning Twitter feed, which said this. We don't have any words. We know you don't want to hear them. We understand your anger, your frustration, your sadness. Everything you're feeling, we get it. This isn't the ending we imagined and certainly not the one we wanted. Thank you for being there the entire way.","Have you ever seen a team this apologetic?","(Laughter) No, but they have a lot to apologize for. I mean, the only other team in the history of the four major sports that had this kind of success in the regular season and then didn't win a playoff game was the 2011 Green Bay Packers. They went 15 and 1 in the regular season and then lost to the New York Giants in the first round of the NFL playoffs. But in that case, we're talking about one game. This is a team that had four chances to win a game, and they couldn't do it.","And now Columbus is the toast of the NHL. Will there be a Blue Jackets bandwagon?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4): This turn actually means: \"Will people now start to support the Columbus Blue Jackets?\"","questions":"Which NHL team is being referred to in turn 3?","answer":"Blue-Jackets"}
{"text":["It's beautiful. It's nothing to be ashamed of.","There's one plant that needs water, I'm sorry.","That little machine, it actually - you can watch it work and twirl and do its little mechanical things and prints out little solar panels.","Yeah. So basically, you feed it this little silicon cells. It chops them up into little pieces. And then, I didn't know this, but you just take them and wire them in series. I mean, in fact, if you had them, you could manually make one yourself. The process isn't all that complicated. So we see how you would actually do this. You know, they couldn't bring all of the prototypes because some of them couldn't fit in a suitcase. Literally, they packed them in a suitcase. . .","And on the subway.",". . . and took them on the subway to my yard. But it's definitely worth a look. I think the other thing that was interesting to me is that it was funded - it's bankrolled by strangers. This was a Kickstarter project. So they put up a little video on the website Kickstarter and got over 1,000 people to contribute over $70,000 to make this. This is real bootstrap inventing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The machine is fascinating to watch and can create small solar panels","questions":"Which machine creates small solar panels?","answer":"Little."}
{"text":["Science and magic are supposed to be opposites. Science is real, and it's hard, and it's facts-driven. Magic is illusion, and it's make-believe. Two separate worlds. But not for Teller, half of the famous magic duo Penn & Teller. He recently wrote an article for Smithsonian magazine, outlining the secrets that magicians use to manipulate the human mind and how those tricks may be put to use by scientists. At the core of every trick, he wrote, is a cold, cognitive experiment in perception. Does the trick fool the audience?","Well, in this portion of the program, we would like to hear from the magicians out there. What is the trick that proved most difficult for you to master?And if you want to share its secret, what was its secret?Our number is 800-989-8255. Our email address is talk@npr. org. And you can join the conversation on our website. Go to npr. org, and click on TALK OF THE NATION. Teller joins us from NPR member station KNPR in Las Vegas. Teller, thanks very much for joining us.","Happy to be here.","So psychologists talk about the artistic intuition that magicians have, this innate ability honed over time, a lot, a lot of time to grab a person's attention and control it and manipulate it. Are they right about that?Are psychologists on to something in this assessment of what you magicians are really up to?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Magic is illusion, and it's make-believe.\" In this turn, the speaker is using the term \"make-believe\" to refer to the nature of magic. The literal meaning of \"make-believe\" is pretending or imagining something that is not real. However, in the context of magic, it implies the creation of illusions and the suspension of disbelief.","questions":"Which term is used to refer to the nature of magic in turn 0?","answer":"Trick"}
{"text":["Yeah. Marianne really is a kind of civilian commander, (laughter) in all ways, of this group, isn't she?","Yeah. In the preface of the book, we see the resisters originally coming together and starting to think of conspiring. And in the context of that, Marianne offers to be the commander of widows and orphans, should it come to that. And it's sort of an offer she makes somewhat in jest. It doesn't feel real at that time - that it could get to that level. But then in the end, her own words come back to haunt her. And that's what inspires her to bring the other two together and to keep searching for others, as well.","I want to be careful with historical analogies because Nazi Germany is the precedent that people - it seems of all political stripes - cite as the nightmare we want to avoid. But what about readers who see parallels between the 1930s Germany in your book and in history and anything we're living through today.","I think, for me, what I felt was really relevant when I was writing this book was the question of - what did ordinary Germans, the people whose lives sort of touched very peripherally on the darkness experienced during that time - and how did they let this happen?How did they either not see it or blind themselves to it?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a certain metaphor or analogy suggests they are drawing a comparison to another concept in order to illustrate their point or express a deeper meaning.","questions":"What metaphor or analogy does the speaker use in turn 2?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":["And that's despite the fact that medics there say they need more supplies, they don't have what they need.","Well, again, we have a very long and porous border with eastern Congo. So knowing exactly where cases may come across is always a difficult thing to know. But we, the U. S.  government, as well as WHO and other partners, have been working very assiduously with the government of Uganda over the last 11 months while this outbreak has been going on in eastern Congo to help build their capacity. Supplies are always a challenge in terms of supply chain, moving things where they need to go. But we feel fairly comfortable that the ability to respond and respond quickly exists here in Uganda.","You mentioned this long and porous border. So the first case in Uganda was this 5-year-old boy who reportedly went to Congo, got the virus there then came back to Uganda with his grandmother, and they both passed. How are the borders being handled?Is security being stepped up?","Since the outbreak in DRC in August of last year, we have worked, along with other partners, with the government of Uganda, to establish screening along the border posts."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The borders are not secure enough to prevent the virus from spreading","questions":"Which turn mentions the first case of Ebola in Uganda?","answer":"Response"}
{"text":["If that works for them - you know, Rick Barry obviously had a lot of success with that.","Yeah.","But it's definitely, I think, probably more difficult. But if you can master that, then do what you please. But it's definitely been easy for me shooting overhand.","Yeah. You do have two more years to break your own record, you know?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Shooting overhand is easier for me than underhand.","questions":"How does the speaker find shooting overhand?","answer":"Easy"}
{"text":["I got a glance over the weekend, and the sky was beautifully blue. I mean, really, it was wonderful. And the air pollution index for that day was exceedingly low. Also, it was like 17. That's lowest since I've been keeping track.","This, I think, has to do with changes in weather patterns that appeared to start somewhere in the first week of August. The arrival of rainfall and winds from the northeast and form the northwest, which would bring in cleaner air, and in particular lack of strong winds from the south that would bring up the heavy levels of pollution.","Yet, you've said earlier that the air pollution in Beijing mostly blows in from elsewhere. So these steps that the city officials have taken in recent months with changing traffic patterns and closing factories, really, that's not a factor here?","Well, you know, I've been looking at the day they very carefully tried to decide what is really going on this summer. We know that the controls did something. It's just that I, at least, am unable to pick out their effects in the data so far."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"got a glance\" means \"saw briefly\" rather than \"obtained a glance\"","questions":"How was the sky over the weekend?","answer":"Blue"}
{"text":["So you were ready to stand up for yourself?","Oh, absolutely, 100 percent.","Do you ever talk to the students that you went to college with recently, students who were maybe sometimes 60 years younger than you, about what you have lived and what you have gone through?Do you ever tell them these kinds of stories?","In some of my classes, some of the fellows would ask me about the segregated South. I would reveal to them, like in one instance, we had a history major and he was just tickled to death to learn this stuff firsthand from somebody who had actually been through it. Example, I used to tell him that at Norfolk Navy Yard, the drinking fountains and lavatories were all segregated - black, colored water and colored bathrooms, white bathrooms. And the white water always broke down and they drank the colored water."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"Do you ever talk to the students that you went to college with recently...about what you have lived and what you have gone through?\" - The actual meaning could be, \"Do you share your personal experiences with younger students to educate them about historical events and give them a firsthand perspective?\" It may not necessarily mean just having casual conversations with former classmates.","questions":"What is the topic of conversation between the history major and A?","answer":"History"}
{"text":["When we say kids, how old are these kids?","We saw kids as young as 10 stealing cars. And the kids we spoke to that were older talked about getting involved around that age, around 10 or 11.","So once they get these cars, what do they do with them?","Well, so that's where the fact that they're juveniles really comes into play. When adults steal cars, it's often about, you know, sending them off to another continent or chopping them up for parts, making money.","When kids steal cars, they keep them on the streets. They're using them as toys. They're seeing how fast they can go - 160 miles per hour on the highway. They're driving the wrong way. They're chasing other friends in other stolen cars. In at least one case, we saw stolen cars used in a drive-by shooting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A: \"When kids steal cars, they keep them on the streets. They're using them as toys. They're seeing how fast they can go - 160 miles per hour on the highway. They're driving the wrong way. They're chasing other friends in other stolen cars. In at least one case, we saw stolen cars used in a drive-by shooting.\" - The literal meaning is that children who steal cars use them for joyriding and dangerous stunts. The actual meaning is that the behavior of juvenile car thieves is reckless and poses a threat to public safety.","questions":"Which behavior of juvenile car thieves is described to be reckless and poses a threat to public safety?","answer":"Reckless"}
{"text":["That's absolutely correct. The charges themselves don't go to anything about the collusion aspect. I think one thing that's important to understand, though, some folks don't realize this about cooperation - cooperation's like being a little bit pregnant. You're either cooperating or you're not. You have to be completely in (laughter). And the value of somebody like Manafort for the prosecutors may not necessarily be a smoking gun but rather just the fact that he's so familiar with what happened and they'll be interested in that as well.","Let's turn now to Department of Justice's inspector general report on how James Comey and the FBI handled the investigation into Hillary Clinton's private email server. Mr.  Comey didn't come off well, did he?","He did not come off well at all. I think it had been widely thought that he was not going to come off well, and he really violated some basic protocols at the Justice Department. I mean, I was there with Miss Reno as the attorney general. You're very, very careful about anything that could affect a political election. And then on top of that, he is supposed to simply talk about, are they doing the investigation or not?And he really kind of usurped the authority of the prosecutors in making that statement - no reasonable prosecutor would take on this case. He's not a prosecutor there. He is the director of the FBI.","Yeah. At the same time, what do you think of Rudy Giuliani, the president's lawyer, saying that the Mueller investigation ought to be suspended because of the IG report?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"cooperation's like being a little bit pregnant\" - This is a figurative expression meaning that there is no middle ground when it comes to cooperation. Either someone is fully cooperating or not cooperating at all.","questions":"How would you describe the level of cooperation required according to the turn mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Complete"}
{"text":["What motives him is he actually has recently discovered that he has a civilizational mission. He wants a Russia that will become the traditional values capital of the world, that would hold back Western encroachment. This is what he sees happening in Ukraine. He's carrying out his historical mission. A subtext of it is also recreating the Soviet Union and sort of gathering Russian lands, but that's not even the most important part at this point. The most important part is that he thinks that Russia has a unique place in the world and a unique civilization to protect.","Is there a particular political ideology here or would you say rather a conservative moralistic anti-Western ideology that's driving his actions?","That's exactly right. It's a conservative, moralistic anti-Western ideology. It is mostly based on negatives. There's very little that he can say in the affirmative except for the very vague notion of traditional orthodox culture. But the negatives are actually effective in mobilizing a population, in creating a sense of fear and imminent danger.","Has he been persuasive, do you think, internally, with his arguments that what he's basically doing is protecting Russian interests and people?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In these turns, the speakers are discussing the implications and deeper meanings behind the actions and ideologies of the person they are talking about. They are not merely discussing the literal surface-level interpretations, but rather the underlying motives, strategies, and persuasive effects of those actions and ideologies.","questions":"How are the speakers discussing the ideologies and actions of the person?","answer":"Ideologies"}
{"text":["Yeah. And a program like this, how does it help you see things differently and what you should do differently?","It helped me see things differently by not wanting to be the person that's robbing the good guy, you know. It helped me see that I could do anything with my life and that anything's possible. You know, I could go to the moon right now if I wanted to.","Christian Champagne, who is a high school junior in Chicago and part of the Becoming a Man program. All kinds of luck to you, Mr. Champagne. It's been very nice to talk to you.","Thank you. Been nice to talk to you too."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) B: Christian Champagne, who is a high school junior in Chicago and part of the Becoming a Man program. All kinds of luck to you, Mr. Champagne. It's been very nice to talk to you.  In both of these turns, the implied meanings go beyond the literal words used. The speaker in (2) is expressing a change in their perspective and motivation, not just describing a visual change. In (3), the speaker is using the phrase \"All kinds of luck to you\" as a form of well-wishing, not literally referring to different types of luck.","questions":"What is the name of the high school junior in Chicago mentioned by B?","answer":"Christian"}
{"text":["Well, there was a plant in our area a few years back that was trying to make a point to the importance of their plant in the community, and they did a payroll in cash and stamped their name on all the money. And I wasn't trying to show how important my business is to the town, but I wanted people to recognize what was going on, and I decided the $2 bills was just as effective a way. So we passed out the money. I had to call a meeting, and I don't call many meeting so my employees sort of went into panic mode. I think their imaginations were running away, so they were definitely shocked when we had the meeting and they got their $2 bills, and they went to town shopping with a vengeance.","Well, yeah, I mean, I think most employees dread those meetings these days, that they're actually going to get laid off or fired. . .","Well, they. . .","Instead of getting money."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There was a factory in the area, not an actual plant that grows from the ground.","questions":"Which type of plant was in the area a few years back?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["There's got to be a point where sooner or later the public is going to say, oh, this is just going too far with some of these technologies.","Well, again, that's why we call, you know, for the engineers to work with the regulators, to make sure that that doesn't happen. I mean, we all want everybody to enjoy sport, and that's why we have to make sure that they are working with them because - you know, and it keeps them interesting.","I mean, one of the other things is you have to think about how sports develop. You know, we have mountain biking that's emerged from road cycling, snowboarding emerged from skiing. So, you know, it's the creation of new sports that is also encouraged.","Let's talk about some of the other technologies in the London Olympics. Let's take bicycling. What's new there?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They suddenly started talking about new technologiesin London","questions":"Which city?","answer":"London"}
{"text":["But it was this idea of, well, that's what America is. And it was a very prescribed, very male, very white identity. And it linked up with, you know, I think a very chauvinistic idea about what we do with our military. I think this is all intertwined.","What do you mean about what we do with our military?","Well, in the sense that there is this very shoot-first-and-ask-questions later attitude about when we go out in the world. So I think when we take our values into the world throughout when this happens, throughout the 20th century, I think that there's a lot of good to be said about the intentions on a basic level. You know, we are going to go help people. But oftentimes the idea that the answer is military force, I think that that comes out of a lot of the same idea that this identity of the military as a very masculine, a very - you know, very prescribed idea.","As you follow the news as a journalist over the past many years, which events make you think of this story of the Rough Riders?Which events have resonance?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The military is associated with masculinity and force as a solution.","questions":"Which attribute is associated with the military according to turn 2?","answer":"Force"}
{"text":["Everyone has to be themself. In West Virginia, you can't just transform yourself. You can't be something you're not. You know, West Virginia, we'll shake your hand, look in your eye. We'll see your soul. We know if you're fooling us or not. Forget about having a D or an R by your name. They're thinking, oh, now, just because you're Republican, you're going to win. People in West Virginia still vote for the person. So they still know I'm still Joe. I've been Joe from day one. I was born Joe. And I'll die Joe.","One of the things that we've seen, specifically in red states where Democrats have done well, is that they haven't spoken about the president. They've distance themselves from discussing President Trump. I mean, your state is a state that Trump won by more than 65 percent. I mean, will you be discussing the president?","Let me say this - in 2012, Mitt Romney beat Barack Obama by 35 percentage points in West Virginia. I won by over 20 percent. That's a 55, 60-percent swing. So, people in West Virginia will pick the person.","So no discussing the president?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They see a person's personality and the deepest part of their character.","questions":"What do people in West Virginia look for in a candidate?","answer":"Person"}
{"text":["Visuals that related to Senator Obama in politics.","That's right - different iterations and paintings of Senator Obama. Ron English did one of him as kind of morphing into Abe Lincoln. You know, Shepard's hope thing, you know, was enormous. You know, I did one of Obama looking obviously very hopeful into the city. He's - behind him is a cityscape and rising is the sun. I wanted it to be during, you know, the sunrise. And so he's being backlit by the sun in warm light. And the reason I did the city is because, you know, he's from the city. He can relate to the city. You know, he was raised by a single mom on food stamps, which is much like my experience growing up in Harlem. And you know, he's - and I said I wrote \"one\" on it because he's really - he really represents one, you know, one global community, ethnically diverse, one nation, and really someone that we can, for the first time, being from urban life, relate to, besides Clinton, by the way.","Are you worried about they're being an element of hero worship to this?I mean, both in the fact that so many artists are depicting him, but also in the way that he's depicted.","Yeah. I mean, I'm not worried about it. I think there is a lot of hero worship, but in contrast to what's out there, you know, he is a hero."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Different artworks represent Obama as a hope for urban life.","questions":"How is Obama depicted in the artworks mentioned by A?","answer":"Symbol-of-hope"}
{"text":["Well, how did they react to you as a person?I mean, you're a glamorous Los Angelina, and so what did they think when you showed up?","I think that it's interesting, because I was in a program called Cross-cultural Solutions, where they send volunteers to different areas. I was the first African-American that had been at this school. So I think they were confused. I mean, and these people in the town, they were just like are you from Ghana?Or are you Yabo(ph)?Yabo is a foreigner, and most likely, more than usually, a white foreigner. But I had a couple of people call me Yabo.","But they would sort of ask like where are you from, and one of the program's administrators would have to explain, she's an ancestor of Africans, and then they would say, oh, okay. So it was definitely some confusing sort of looks that I got.","But the kids were - you know, kids are very, you know, easy to sort of get along with. These kids were, you know, absolutely adorable. They didn't understand what I was saying a lot of the time, but they really connected to me. I mean, I would bring bubbles and jumping ropes and stuff like that, stuff that they had never seen before. So, you know, I was quite popular at the school, I have to say. I mean, particularly with my bubbles, that brought even the junior-high-school kids out\u2026","Oh, I'm sure."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person being referred to is from Los Angeles and is considered glamorous.","questions":"What is the program called that PersonA participated in?","answer":"Los-Angeles"}
{"text":["Well, there was a line of thunderstorms that was moving across Oklahoma. And most people were aware of it. But it spun up this brief tornado called a QLCS tornado. These are the specific kinds of tornadoes that happen in these lines of thunderstorms. And they're known for being brief and weak. But they're also known for coming with very little warning.","And this came at night. It only stayed on the ground for just four minutes. It was only 75 yards wide. But it hit right at this point - if you look on either one side or the other side of this 75-yard section, there's a car lot and a boat lot. It hit a motel and a trailer park. So two people died, and it was terrible.","And do you know what the situation is today in El Reno, how they're doing?","Well, they had already activated their severe weather plan. And this town is well-practiced because it was hit just six years ago by the largest tornado on record. They were already dealing with flooding that had happened earlier in the week. The governor of Oklahoma visited today. And President Donald Trump did call Governor Kevin Stitt while he was out and about saying that the nation's prayers were with Oklahoma.","And I imagine everybody who was in this trailer park has had to find somewhere else to stay for the meantime."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : El Reno has experienced severe weather before and is prepared for it","questions":"Which town has experienced severe weather before?","answer":"ElReno"}
{"text":["More so than Russia, which we seem to hear. . .","It's not even close.",". . . More about.","Not even close. Now, Russia is more tactical. They will spend their time and effort on onesie-twosie to see recruitments of humans in less. . .","Onesie-twosie recruitments."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Russia will try to get more people to join the military together.","questions":"Which country's military recruitment strategy is focused on small scale recruitments?","answer":"Russia"}
{"text":["It's the gear for your grinds video.","The coffee decoder series.","And with some very surprising results. Thank you, Flora.","Thanks, Ira."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It's a video about what to use to make coffee with your coffee bean grounds.","questions":"Which series?","answer":"grounds"}
{"text":["Well, this is where this gets controversial, is that about half the attorneys general in the United States say they will not feel nearly enough pain. Forbes magazine puts their wealth at around $13 billion, and a lot of that money will not be touched by this deal. There's also no admission of wrongdoing here, David. And that angers a lot of people. And remember, the Sackler family, we've seen over the last year, they really - members of the family played a very forward role in bringing OxyContin, but also other opioid medications, into the mainstream. Two hundred and eighteen thousand Americans have died from this prescription opioid epidemic alone. And so the fact that they're not feeling more personal sting here, that's controversial.","Well, and you mentioned a lot of attorneys general are not satisfied with this result. I mean, does that mean they could really keep this going, this could mean that this is not over at all for the Sacklers?","Yeah. So New York Attorney General Letitia James announced, just on Friday, that the Sackler family had wired about a billion dollars to offshore accounts. She talks about Swiss bank accounts. So they're looking for that money, and they say they'll keep piling suits directly to family members.","Well, and we're talking about Purdue Pharma. They actually didn't - I mean, a fairly small producer of opioids, right?There are other drugmakers out there, distributors, pharmacies. Does this bankruptcy impact all of them in some way?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 'They'll keep piling suits directly to family members' would be written in the literal sense as 'plaintiffs will file several lawsuits against family members directly'","questions":"How will the plaintiffs direct their lawsuits against the Sackler family?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["All over. I was just meeting with a friend. I had served at the U. S.  Embassy in Mexico. She's here with a group of students and professors. I have just met recently a TV crew from Romania. Another one has come in from Serbia. And, of course, of special note, a number of journalists have come in from Kenya, where there's a very very big interest, obviously, for the roots of the candidate Senator Obama.","Well, tell us, what's drawing the other journalists?What is it that they're so fascinated by?","I think it goes back probably to the caucuses in Iowa in January, and it's just grown. Clearly, as the enthusiasm in the United States has grown, I think a lot of them are focusing on the young people so involved, but in general, the U. S.  public so involved in these elections and in these campaigns. And I think, in part, it is, the U. S.  does remain a certain kind of example in terms of democracy.","Well, I mean, is it fair to say that, were Barack Obama not in this race, there wouldn't be as much interest?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 'focusing on the young people so involved' implies young people have a significant role in the election","questions":"How are young people contributing to the election?","answer":"Involved"}
{"text":["How?What happened?","Well, it was taught by a professor who was also a resident at a Cleveland clinic. He was an interventional radiologist. And he was teaching part-time at Ursuline. And when he came in the class, he just lit up. He was dead tired, eyes were bloodshot red. He would just oftentimes come off of his shift, straight to the college to teach. Just his enthusiasm for medicine, his breadth of knowledge about the human body was just so fascinating to me. And all of those ideas when I was a kid of wanting to become a physician and my intrigue of how things work just came rushing back.","And within that first hour, I came home and I told my wife, honey, I need to do something in medicine. And I wasn't exactly sure if it was going to be nursing or a physician assistant or become a medical doctor. But I just knew that I was going to have to pursue this further if I wanted to live life with no regrets.","I'm going to guess when you walk into Cleveland Clinic Akron General it's not lost on you that there are not a lot of African American physicians."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The professor's enthusiasm for medicine and knowledge about the human body made A interested in pursuing a career in medicine.","questions":"What did the professor teach?","answer":"medicine"}
{"text":["It probably depends on what chapter you're reading at the time. It's probably all of those things!I don't know who decides what goes into what box or what bin or what shelf, you know. For me, it's just about finding a character, finding a story, following, I guess, my heart at what I'm working on at the moment. And it just kind of falls, you know, wherever it may out there after that, you know.","There's been a lot of attention to the whole idea of street lit. And Zane, who's an erotica writer, extremely popular, sells a ton of books. A lot of people are like, well, she just can't write, but there's a lot of sex in it. And there's also a question that some people have raised about whether or not it is good for the race to have books that are explicit about black sexuality out there. So. . .","What race?The human race?","The black race. The black race. And so I bring this up because so often when people, you know, just as you mentioned, the distinctions between the way some people will look at female sexuality and male sexuality and what it's like to have a track record and whether that makes you a bad person. You know, people also look at these distinctions by race and say, oh well, black people are oversexed. That's some people stereotyping. Are you ever afraid that by doing work like this that you're, you know, I don't know, playing into a stereotype?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Some people stereotype black people as oversexed, and the speaker is afraid that their work might reinforce this stereotype.","questions":"Which race are some people stereotyping as oversexed in the conversation?","answer":"Black"}
{"text":["So we hear that a lot. We hear employees being congratulated for working 24\/7, which now we know is the cognitive equivalent of coming to work drunk. But it's changing. We are now in this amazing transition period where more and more companies are beginning to realize that living like that and working like that has actually terrible consequences, not just on the health and productivity of their employees but also on their bottom line.","You talk about sleep as a basic human right that we have not ranked alongside, you know, the right not to go hungry, the right to freedom of expression, that sort of thing.","Yes, and what is interesting is that it's a right that has been violated both in workplaces where employees have been expected to be perpetually on, especially since the advent of the smartphone, but also which is constantly violated by us because we have so minimized the importance of sleep. So that basic human right that you mention is often violated by us.","We can't do an interview with Arianna Huffington at this point and not ask about the 2016 presidential campaign. And I will point out Donald Trump says he just gets by on about four hours of sleep a night. Any reaction to that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implies that Donald Trump's disregard for sleep is unwise and potentially detrimental.","questions":"How does turn 3 suggest Donald Trump's approach to sleep?","answer":"Unwise"}
{"text":["You do think it's a violation of the United Nations sanctions.","It does seem to me. The more we see, for example, the fighter aircraft, the MiG, it's clearly a violation.","What do you think is really going on here?Is there more to this than what we've seen?","There could be. You know, they're still searching the ship and all the containers. As you know, initially, the intelligence that the Panamanian government received was that the ship was carrying drugs. And so, if in fact, they continue searching and they find drugs in the ship, people will make an immediate connection that the Cubans were involved in illicit trafficking. And that could be a real game-changer, particular as it relates to relations to the United States and even relationships with the rest of Latin America."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a desire or need for help or support from the listener.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue could suggest that the speaker needs assistance?","answer":"Hinting"}
{"text":["Well, absolutely. That would be a sin for me. . .",". . . to put inaccurate science into my work. So you're right. And it's true. Even though this transposition or this abrupt shift of the monarch migratory pattern is an invention, I wanted to frame it in a plausible way. And the fact is, one of the manifestations that we're already seeing that's really very straightforward to document is migratory shift in - especially birds. Almost - the great majority of North American bird species have already shifted their migratory patterns and their breeding ranges.","And so I thought this is a sensible beginning place, so that if I could ground this fictional event in real science, that would be - it wouldn't be a sin. It would be both good fiction and good science, if you see what I mean.","I do. Did you have to do a lot of reporting?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It would be a mistake for me to do that.","questions":"Which sin?","answer":"Mistake"}
{"text":["I think there is. There has been a lot of talk here about that, not officially from the state board. But I think when you have both candidates kind of saying they would be open to it, it's really on the table. And the state board does have the ability to do this. They can call an election if - by law, if improprieties occurred to such an extent that they taint the results of the entire election and cast doubts on its fairness.","And any idea when a new election might be in the 9th District?","So - right. We have no idea. And they have said they are mindful that the new Congress is supposed to be seated on January 3. But I think it's going to be probably very difficult if they do do an election to get it done that quickly. Another question is, kind of what kind of election would you have?Would you redo the entire 9th District. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is a possibility of an election despite no official announcement yet.","questions":"Which district is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"9th"}
{"text":["It was like a scientific menagerie. It was just amazing.","And they have a cockatiel or. . .","Yeah. The main - a cockatiel. The main activity that day was happening in the wind tunnel. So this is - it's huge. I think - I hesitate to do the actual length, but I think probably like 40 feet, not the actual enclosure, but between the fan on one side. And they blow wind through this sort of enclosure and put the birds in, and then they can change the wind speed to make the birds flap, at sort of the equivalent of different speeds.","So they're like flying in the wind tunnel with the wind in the face."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  In turn (4), the speaker describes the birds \"flying\" in the wind tunnel with the wind blowing in their faces, which is not a literal description of flight but rather an approximation of the experience.","questions":"What approximation is used to describe the experience of the birds in the wind tunnel?","answer":"Approximation"}
{"text":["Absolutely not. In fact, the people of my state should know we are doing everything in our power to defend them. If it comes to a legal fight with the Trump administration, we're prepared to have it. I've had some experience with taking on the Trump administration litigation. We have yet to lose a case yet, and I don't plan on starting with this issue.","Attorney General Bob Ferguson of Washington state, thanks so much.","Oh, thank you, Scott. Have a great day.","And we contacted the Department of Justice for comment on Mr.  Ferguson's remarks about Attorney General Sessions. We have yet to receive a response."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) The actual meaning of turn (1) is different from its literal meaning, as it implies that the speaker is ready to defend their state against any legal challenges from the Trump administration and has a track record of success in litigation against them, indicating a confident and confrontational approach.","questions":"What is the PersonA's approach towards legal challenges from the Trump administration and what is their track record?","answer":"Defend"}
{"text":["So we shall see.","But I have learned a new phrase - brass-necked. Our own brass-necked Melissa Block is covering the World Cup.","(Laughter) I'm not sure if that's a compliment, Steve. But thanks.","I don't know. If it means tough, if it means on top of things, it is you, Melissa. Own it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Melissa Block is bold and confident in her reporting.","questions":"Which phrase did PersonB learn?","answer":"Reporting"}
{"text":["They came out weekly. So a reader really would get their news day to day in the mainstream paper or on the radio. But this aspect of racial pride and presenting stories of achievement and success and issues was so important for readers of the time because this is the only place you would see lengthy stories of interest to blacks.","Nancy, we don't have very much time, so very briefly, tell us how she actually was tracked by the government. I mean, comic strips were considered political at this point, and she was investigated by the Justice Department. Just tell us very briefly.","Yes, well, I knew she must have had some kind of surveillance, because her topics were so political. She took on the arms race, the Cold War, freedom of speech. She even named President Truman and talked about the Korean War. So, you know, I made a request at the Justice Department, and I did get her file.","But what was interesting is they did not mention her cartoons. They were interested in her friends and associations and investigated her because of those. And she was with intellectuals and artists and others who - yes, I'm sure some were communists, but many were anti-communists, and she certainly was not a communist. But they followed her, and they had informants watching out for her for about 10 years."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"this is the only place you would see lengthy stories of interest to blacks.\" This turn does not mean that it was the only place where black people could read stories of interest to them. It means that mainstream newspapers and radio stations did not cover stories of interest to black people extensively.","questions":"What aspect of the mainstream media's coverage of news was lacking for black readers during the time period discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Black"}
{"text":["And prior to that, they'd had him ahead by double digits again. So, there is a rhythm within each of these polls where it goes up and down a little bit, and if you want something to rely on, you need to look at the range within each poll.","So, why is that people reacting to the news each day, or to ads, or to stuff they see on the Internet?What is it?","Well, I could think they're reacting to something, I just like - we like to think the stock market is responding to some kind of real news or conditions. But it's not all that clear that it's all that rational, and the same is true of the political polls as well.","So, given that up and down in each individual poll, you have to think a lot of it has to do with the internal processes of poll taking, and then poll analysis. They weigh the polls, they look at whether or not their sample of the public really matches the demographic mix of the public, and then they weigh of responses of people to try to match that statistical model."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples.","questions":"Which word in the statement describes the type of information being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Information"}
{"text":["Holocaust survivors who lost property in Warsaw now have six months to reclaim it. But a new Polish law says that people who don't come forward by that deadline will not receive any compensation. The city will assume permanent ownership of their property. The World Jewish Restitution Organization has put together a database to help people track down their property. Gideon Taylor is the chair of operations for the organization. And he joins us now from New York. Mr.  Taylor, thanks for being with us.","Thank you.","And what kind of property is listed?","So it's a mixture of buildings and empty plots. Warsaw was a thriving Jewish community. It was actually the second-largest Jewish community after New York before the Holocaust. And so there's a range of buildings and assets that were - originally belonged to Jews in what was a thriving, bustling Jewish community."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :   The Warsaw Jewish community was very prosperous before the Holocaust, but many of its assets were taken away from their rightful owners and now survivors have the opportunity to reclaim them.","questions":"Which community had a range of buildings and assets that originally belonged to Jews?","answer":"Warsaw"}
{"text":["Hopelessness and uncertainty.","Are people trying to leave, and is that something you've considered?","Many people have no choice. And they think - the only thing - I can leave the country. But how can they do that with the huge amount of limitations on Iranians' travelings (ph) and economical limits?They cannot do that. It is very, very difficult for them. And now we see a lot of Iranians who are abroad the country who are evacuating. They cannot do it anymore because of the higher dollar prices. They have to return to the country. It is very difficult situation for them.","Well, thank you so much for speaking with us and sharing your story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asking if the person has considered leaving the country due to the difficult situation.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's statement about people trying to leave the country?","answer":"thanks"}
{"text":["We argued that six months was way, way too short. You're talking about trying to go into archives, documents, find materials. Unfortunately, this was what was included in the legislation. And we've urged the Polish government to open that deadline - indeed, to open the program to people who never filed claims or for whom no claim - buildings for which no claims were filed.","But the Polish government didn't agree.","Unfortunately not. We're hoping that the Polish government will look again at this issue and make this process easier not only in terms of the deadline but also what documentation is required. Make sure that archives are open and material is accessible because if you have a right and legislation but not the means to enforce it - and particularly for many of the Holocaust survivors and their families, virtually all of whom live outside of Poland, it's very difficult. They don't speak the language. They don't live in the country. To address even the administrative issues is extremely difficult.","And what makes this important, so many years after the terrible events we're talking about - after the crimes we're talking about?","We're facing a situation where, in the next few years, we will be living in a world where there won't be Holocaust survivors. It's a population, obviously, that's very elderly, very sick and passing away very rapidly. So we think it's a matter of justice and morality to address and to conclude this issue before that last of that generation disappears."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : But the Polish government didn't agree.  The implied meaning of B's statement is that the Polish government rejected the suggestion or request made by A and others. They did not agree with the proposed changes or extension mentioned in the previous turn.","questions":"What was the response of the Polish government?","answer":"Polish"}
{"text":["And many of your students have to work for a living in order to be able to afford to attend college in the first place.","Well, that happens in many - or most community colleges. And certainly, El Centro is a prime example of that. We're a very diverse community in terms of students from different backgrounds, including of color. Many students have families. They have children, and so over 80 percent of our students are part-time students because of that in part. And they also are low-income students, so they need financial aid such as federal Pell Grants as well as what Texas, here, provides in support for students as well.","And what if there was no longer a deduction for student loans?","Well, that's another area. At El Centro, the percentage of students that leave the college debt is about 34 percent. And the average student debt is about $21,000. Students are eligible for Pell. Pell doesn't cover all of the needs that students have. It does cover tuition. It does cover fees. It does cover books. But students need living."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of the turn is asking about a hypothetical scenario, but the actual meaning is asking about the potential impact of eliminating a deduction for student loans.","questions":"Which deduction is being referred to in turn 2 of the dialogue?","answer":"Student"}
{"text":["Waiting for the winds to drop down below 50 - sustained winds drop below 50. And at that time we send out all of our first respondents of police, fire, EMS, and our utility companies. Everybody goes out and does damage assessment report in their areas. Report it back to us. We make a priority listing, so we can get power back on if we lost any power. Get the resources back and so we can just bring our people back.","But the winds are above 50 miles an hour, now. So, you don't have anybody out right now?Every body's just hunkered down.","Ninety nine percent of our people are hunkered down. We have a few of our - like the sheriff, he is out, and a few other higher ranking agency people are out, but most - 99 percent of our people are hunkered down in shelters.","So, how long do you really expect that that's going to last?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Emergency responders are not currently out due to high winds.","questions":"How are emergency responders affected by the wind?","answer":"Hunkered"}
{"text":["OK.  And do we know what happens next?I mean, what are authorities looking at next?What do they say they are doing in response to this?","Well, right now, they are - this incident is under investigation right now. The FBI is calling this murder investigation. The police chief is saying they are looking at capital murder charges for the suspect.","That is Reporter Monica Ortiz Uribe in El Paso, Texas, where she's been reporting on the events there all day. Monica, thank you so much for talking with us.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : looking at next in this context means the authorities are trying to figure out what will happen next","questions":"How is the FBI classifying the investigation?","answer":"Murder."}
{"text":["And then bringing production back to the United States is not possible and realistic because we don't have a labor pool here. The president is closing the borders to low-skill labor. So who's going to make the product?","Now, if President Trump does go through with imposing tariffs on toy imports from China after the holiday season - let me ask you - could you afford to maintain most of your production in China still?","Well, we really won't have a choice but to find a way to afford it. And the one way to afford it is, we will have to, at some point during the course of 2020, begin to pass the tariffs along to the consumer.","So how much of a price hike are we talking for, say, like, a Cutetito?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The US does not have enough low-skilled labor to bring production back and imposing tariffs will make it difficult to manufacture products in China.","questions":"What will be the impact of imposing tariffs on toy imports from China on the price of Cutetito?","answer":"Price"}
{"text":[". . . in HD glory.",". . . up there at sciencefriday. com on our webpage. You can also take it along with you on your iPad or iPhone or Android. But they run - this is an amazing photo. It's - because this thing is huge. It's very long. The antenna is very, very long.","It is very long. And they run it from base to tip through their mouth. And they do this all the time. And Coby Schal wondered, why are they spending all this time grooming?What are they actually grooming off?And he said there have been a lot of hypotheses about this, but no one had actually tested it. So they did a couple of things that are - it's so funny. So first of all, to test why a cockroach grooms, you have to prevent the cockroach from grooming, which presents an interesting challenge: How do you get the cockroach to cooperate with you?","And they came up with something sort of like one of those dog cones that prevents dogs from scratching. But it's a teeny, tiny antenna cone made from the tip of a pipette that they put on the base of the antenna. So the cockroach can't actually pull it down. So on a cockroach now, they have one antenna that's being groomed and they have this other antenna that the cockroach can't groom anymore. So they can see what happens to the dirty antenna, and they find that all of this gunk starts to accumulate on the antenna."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Take it along with you on your iPad or iPhone or Android means you can watch it on your mobile device","questions":"What device can you use to watch it?","answer":"Mobile"}
{"text":["Some folks get a little bit cranky about having to work on the holiday. It's a day that, you know, most of us spend with our family and friends. How do you feel about working on a day that most people get off?","Folks that work in NASA have a common bond of a real passion for the space program. So, we wouldn't be here if we didn't have that. And obviously, we'd like to be with our families, but if we can't be there, then the next best place to be is working on a space mission.","So, you know, we've been doing a space station for 10 years straight, and there's been someone here every year for every holiday. And beyond holidays even, you know, one of the crew members on board is having their wedding anniversary just yesterday, and tomorrow's one of the birthdays of one of the flight directors working the flight.","So, we all kind of take care and bond together and take care of each other. And we're having a Thanksgiving dinner here that management's all bringing in for the flight controllers that are working, and we try to shift people out so that, you know, there's three shifts so that people do get some time at home."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People work on holidays and other special days on the space station","questions":"What is one of the events that a crew member on board is celebrating during their mission?","answer":"Wedding"}
{"text":["So a country that was bought by the United States 100 years ago - you're celebrating the centennial this year, and there are still so many other islands that are essentially controlled by European countries, as well - like the Netherlands, France and Britain - that were impacted by Irma. And we've seen a pattern in the response. How has the United States talked about it in your view?","The United States has talked about us as if we are effectively a colony, which is that we are secondary. We are perhaps secondary types of Americans. Now, we do carry American passports in the Virgin Islands, but we don't have federal representation.","We cannot vote for president for example. Our congresswoman, who - we vote for her - she cannot vote in Congress. So we really have no say. But I also think that this has to do with just the way that we are thought of in the national imagination as a place for a vacation and respite. And it's a beautiful place. The Virgin Islands is as beautiful as everybody says.","It is a gorgeous, pristine, absolutely divine place. However, it's a place where human beings also live. So, you know, when Americans travel to Europe, for example, they know that they're traveling to Europe to engage with the cultural history. When people travel to the Caribbean, they are often traveling to avoid the human beings and to just engage in the beauty of the space.","So they're in resorts. They're lying in the sun. They're drinking tropical, rum-infused drinks, but they're not necessarily there for the culture or to talk to the people who live there?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The United States treats the Virgin Islands as a colony.","questions":"What does the United States consider the Virgin Islands?","answer":"colony"}
{"text":["As soon as we saw it, there's no mistaking it, Mr.  Fernandez told the New York Post. It's basically a miniature version of the shark you see in the movie \"Jaws. \"And Mr.  Fernandez and his fishing buddies were in a boat not far off 116th Street. Close enough, as he said, that we could still see the colors of the bathing suits of the people on the beach.","The great white that Steve Fernandez snagged turned out to be an 80 pound baby shark. The shark's mother, who probably weighs about 600 pounds, was swimming only a little further away. Great white sharks are apparently protected by New York State regulations. The authorities consider sharks too big to fail so the fisher people snapped a few shark selfies and slipped their catch back into the see. A great white shark in far Rockaway, Queens - well, why not?They say you can find at least one of everything somewhere in New York. But wouldn't you think the sharks would swim closer to Wall Street?","(Singing) Baby there's a shark in the water. There's something underneath my bed. Oh, please believe, I said. Baby there's a shark in the water. I caught them barking at the moon. You better get here soon.","V.  V.  Brown. You're listening to NPR News."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The lyrics of the song in turn 3 are actually about a romantic relationship, not an actual shark in the water.","questions":"Which type of water animal is mentioned in the lyrics of the song in turn 3?","answer":"Shark"}
{"text":["That's right. The discussions we've had about whether the First Lady should have worn clothing by black designers for her husband's inauguration is still creating a lot of traffic. Aljory Stallings(ph) wrote us this on our Web site, I am completely irritated on this trivial commentary on this issue. I wonder if the black designers who were complaining about this realize that by doing that, they are cutting off their noses to spite their faces.","Flora Gayle(ph) chimed in with this, I think she needs to get some credit for almost always wearing American designers. I am not black, but I do work in fashion. I think before we start judging this, we should look at how many black students are going to fashion school. I wish there were more.","And Dianne Truckenberg(ph) wrote in to say, I am concerned with the concept drawing lines for black versus white, for fill in whatever topic. Insistence on basing decisions on whether or not something or someone is of a certain race will certainly bring back racial tension.","And then last week, we had a discussion about spanking with Judge Lynn Toller. Well, that topic raised a lot of listener hackles. Here are a few letters that summed up the debate. Christopher Watson(ph) sent us this, I sat in my car shocked as I listened to your program talk about spanking. I'm a 33-year-old black male who was spanked as a child and has since worked for several organizations fighting domestic and sexual violence and child abuse. I was slack-jawed as I heard two highly educated adults advocate child abuse."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The black designers complaining about the First Lady wearing clothing by non-black designers are being counterproductive.","questions":"What issue is Aljory Stallings irritated about?","answer":"Commentary"}
{"text":["Yeah, exactly. The case of China is interesting because China makes it a practice in its Africa policy to claim non-interference in a country's politics. And that makes it a favorite in places like Sudan and like Zimbabwe, which have some very basic problems. But these African countries also have natural resources that China desires. And so there's this quid pro quo, so to speak.","And Russia, of course, is, you know, perhaps arguably the world's largest supplier of illicit arms, and that's, you know, a connection, as well. And, of course, North Korea has trained some Zimbabwean soldiers and has a good relationship with Mugabe. So you can see there's a connection.","Absolutely. Professor Keller, thank you so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) In turn (1), the speaker implies that China's non-interference policy is not entirely true, and that they use it as a cover to gain access to natural resources in African countries like Sudan and Zimbabwe.","questions":"How does China's Africa policy relate to its desire for natural resources?","answer":"Quid-pro-quo"}
{"text":["She does. I'm afraid she is both beautiful and brilliant and clever but also rather naive, and she meets the wrong guy. She isn't. . .","She's naive because she's lonely, Dame Stella.","She's lonely. She is lonely, yes, but she's also - I think she's also naive. I have to say that. I mean, you can be lonely and cautious. But, I mean, she is an example, I think, of somebody who believes in civil liberties, as do I, as do many people. But she also believes, you know, in the need for our intelligence services to have the right powers. And she finds herself, I suppose, torn in the middle of that debate. And, as you say, unfortunately, she falls for the wrong guy whose interests are not hers.","Dame Stella, is MI5 ever worried that you'll just wake up one morning and say, oh, remember when this happened?I think I'll make it a novel."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : has a figurative meaning, as it is implying a joke about the idea of Dame Stella turning her experiences into a novel.","questions":"What is the tone of the figurative meaning in turn 3?","answer":"humorous"}
{"text":["On the whole, that - it's been amazing. The volunteers, the support has been amazing. Obviously, there's a small percentage of people who are detractors and don't like the idea at all. But I think most of them are just kind of misinformed on what the status is of the asylum-seekers. And, you know, they want them all to go home, and that's just not possible. But on the whole, it's been really positive.","Well, you mentioned that some residents of your community are curious about the status. I wonder, has Customs and Border Protection told you not just what you're supposed to do with these people but how long you should plan on them being there?","Well, first of all they're - they have a legal U. S.  status, so there's nothing that we're supposed to do with them.","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker acknowledges some people don't support the asylum seekers, but they believe that most of them don't understand the situation well.","questions":"How has the speaker described the community's view on asylum seekers?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["Hey, how are you?","I am great. So, first of all we keep using the phrase G8. What is the G8?","The Group of Eight, which was for many years the Group of Seven, are the eight largest economies on the planet. So, the United States, Britain, France, Italy, Japan, and Russia are, for example, G8 countries.","So, when people from these nations meet, and talk about an African agenda, what do they bring to the table, and what's on the table this time around?","Well, I'll try not to give you a cynical answer, but basically the Group of Eight meet to discuss the world's economy, for the most part that's what they're supposed to be talking about. But over the last number of years there's been greater attention to the question of Africa, and issues of economic development. And there's been a lot of pressure on the Group of Eight, to come forward with financial assistance, changes in the relationship - economic relationships, in order to promote development. And so, once again that came to the table this time in addition to sort of a review of what the G8 has accomplished and not accomplished towards reducing poverty."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The G8 is a group of countries discussing the world's economy and development, not just seven or eight countries","questions":"What is the G8 primarily discussing?","answer":"ECONOMIES"}
{"text":["It has not. I think that's an appropriate term. And I think a lot of that happened in the beginning because there was just a lot of misinformation about our agreements because, at the end of the day, their perspective is we are siphoning off resources from our current students in order to, quote, unquote, \"teach these students. \"And so we wanted to make sure and assure our community that that is not happening. Any resources that we're providing to Southwest Key is actually coming through other district resources and is indeed not taken away from current students.","How do you answer the reservations of people who say - look - you're just encouraging families to undertake a dangerous journey across the border because if their children wind up on the U. S.  side, they're going to get an education?","It is our moral obligation, our legal obligation. That's the only lens I'm looking through.","Explain that legal obligation to me, if you could."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Southwest Key is not taking resources away from current students","questions":"What was the perspective of the community about the district's agreements with Southwest Key?","answer":"siphoning"}
{"text":["Was part of the problem that they knew it was Einstein's brain, and therefore they were predisposed to see things?","Exactly right, exactly right. It's rather like seeing faces or shapes in clouds. Those shapes really aren't in the clouds. They're in your mind.","Forgive me - what amounts to a philosophical question - why have we been fascinated by Einstein's brain matter over the years?","Well, I think it's kind of a cult of personality. He was obviously a very, very bright individual but one of the, kind of, myths of his intellect is that he was this great over-towering mathematician. In fact, he wasn't - amongst his colleagues in physics - a particularly good mathematician. And that's kind of overlooked in the kind of cult of personality about him.","Do we find it interesting - or maybe reassuring - to try and look for special clues in Einstein's brain because, I mean, if it can all be traced to the guy's brain, we can hardly be held responsible for being born with, you know, what amounts to inferior material?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : In (2), President Obama's commitment of money and military personnel is a literal statement, but it implies that he is taking action to help with the Ebola crisis.","questions":"Which crisis is President Obama committing money and military personnel to in (2)?","answer":"Reassuring"}
{"text":["You're welcome. What a pleasure.","What are the factors you had to take into consideration to do things like help create flags and currency for South Sudan?","What I learned was these state symbols are really marks of consensus. They're about design, but they're really about agreement. So South Sudan is comprised of 60 ethnic tribes, and for the one symbol that they were able to produce during the time of the referendum to the time of their independence, they produced a national seal. And they had to get the agreement of 28 cabinet ministers representing these tribes.","And what's the seal look like?How would you describe it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A: \"These state symbols are really marks of consensus. They're about design, but they're really about agreement.\"  Here, the literal meaning would be that state symbols are merely designs created for aesthetic purposes. However, the intended meaning is that these symbols represent the agreement and consensus of the people and hold significant cultural and political value.","questions":"How are state symbols viewed in South Sudan?","answer":"Consensus"}
{"text":["It was really expensive. It was the most expensive substance on Earth at the time. We're talking about equivalent of 2. 2 million dollars for a single gram.","Wow. And in 1917, of course, with World War I cranking up, there was huge military demand for watches that you could see in the dark and dials that you could see in the - in the dark.","That's right. And as you said, this is when the book opens, so shortly before America joined the First World War. And once they did, of course, join that global conflict, there was this huge boom to the radium industry. Soldiers needed watches, and people needed it for the planes and the trucks and so on. And so the dial painters, who were the radium girls - they were employed to paint all these dials with luminous radium paint. And they were taught to lip point, so to put their brushes between their lips to make a fine point for the detailed handiwork.","To actually put the brush with the radium paint into their mouth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3), the speaker mentions the \"radium girls\" who were employed to paint dials with luminous radium paint during World War I. The implied meaning here is that these workers were exposed to dangerous levels of radiation due to their work, which had severe health consequences for many of them.","questions":"What were the radium girls employed to paint?","answer":"Dials"}
{"text":[". . . which has its own problems. Arranged marriages are - people are speaking up for them nowadays.","Well, you know, I mean, that that is the time. The woman - he asked the hand of this woman, his late 20s. But this is also because of that, that you can have this kind of melodrama. I mean, \"Romeo and Juliet\" today, it cannot happen because if the father of Juliet today say to Juliet, you cannot marry Romeo; and she say, I don't care. And she will go out and marry him anyway. And if she marries him, then there is no more love story anymore. You know, they marry; then they had a - lots of children.","You know, imagine Romeo and Juliet and they have like, 12 kids. Who would care about their story, you know?","Romeo and Juliet go to Costco. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"But this is also because of that, that you can have this kind of melodrama.\" The literal meaning of this turn is difficult to determine because it is not grammatically correct. However, the actual meaning seems to be that the societal norms and traditions of the past allowed for dramatic love stories like Romeo and Juliet to occur, but modern society would not allow for such a story to unfold in the same way.","questions":"How did societal norms in the past contribute to melodramatic love stories?","answer":"Traditions"}
{"text":["Absolutely. But on the other hand, you know, basically going toward an impeachment process without making sure that we have done our homework and have the case to win the approval of the American people and to get a conviction in the Senate may not be the best course. So right now. . .","But forgive - we just have half a minute left. Forgive - you and I always use baseball analogies. Are you essentially saying we're not going to begin the game until we know we can win it?","I think what I'm saying is we have to make sure that we go down the path where we can actually achieve the intended result. And right now, going into the impeachment process without having done all our homework is not what my constituents want. And I think that it's not necessarily the best course.","Representative Raja Krishnamoorthi of Illinois, thanks so much for being back with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's not a game. They mean they are not going to begin the impeachment unless they know they can succeed.","questions":"What is the intended result?","answer":"conviction"}
{"text":["The census is required by the Constitution and federal law. There's really no wiggle room here. Trump did sign this executive order directing all agencies to provide the Commerce Department with U. S.  citizenship and noncitizenship data of everyone living in the U. S. The thing is, though, that that data collection was already under way, or at least some of it was. So it's not clear what this executive order is really achieving.","House voted to limit the president's authority to use the military to strike Iran. What's the significance of that vote?","So this defense bill was really aimed at reining in the president's power to use military force against Iran without approval from Congress. This has been an issue not only with this president, but, obviously, with prior administrations - the question of when a president must get permission to take military action. And Democrats in the House are trying to take some of that authority back and give it back to Congress. Obviously, Trump was on his - very close to striking Iran, according to him, a few weeks ago.","But although the bill passed the House, it did so along party lines, and it's going to have a much harder time in the Senate. You're likely going to see some compromise have to be made for this bill to become law."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Democrats are trying to limit the President's power to take military action without approval from Congress.","questions":"What was the aim of the defense bill mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Reining"}
{"text":["So along the way, you met a lot of interesting characters. And I want to particularly talk about a sommelier named Morgan Harris. He plays a big role. He's kind of like your wine shepherd. Tell us a little bit about him.","Ah, my wine fairy godmother. I mean, he's just amazing. He was my - he was really my mentor. He had this magnetic passion for wine. I mean, the first time I met him, I basically sat through a 2. 5-hour monologue that was an ode to everything from the great Rieslings of the early 20th century to the $1,200 bottle of champagne he thought would be a religious experience.","So this is a question - because he is this sort of wine evangelist if you will, he believes wines can recontextualize people's places in the universe. First of all, what does that mean?","And second of all - I mean, do you think that wine really has the power that he says it does?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Ah, my wine fairy godmother.\" Here, the speaker is using the metaphorical term \"wine fairy godmother\" to describe Morgan Harris's significant influence and guidance in the speaker's journey with wine. The literal meaning of \"fairy godmother\" is a mythical character who grants wishes and provides guidance and support.","questions":"What metaphorical term does the speaker use to describe Morgan Harris's influence in their journey with wine?","answer":"Fairy"}
{"text":["I'm not so sure that it was missed, per se. I think it's been there at the forefront of the news for a really long time. I just don't think that we saw the potential that it would impact the election in the way that it did, insofar as it's tied up in these other economic and social struggles that are occurring within the same communities.","And to be clear again, you're not saying that people that have a problem with opioids or drug or alcohol voted for Donald Trump so much as people who live in those communities that have been affected by it statistically in your study voted for Donald Trump.","Well, that's right. And I can't say necessarily who voted for Donald Trump, but we have to remember that addiction and depression and these diseases and deaths of despair go far beyond the individuals themselves who are affected by them. They affect friends and family members and coworkers and first responders and service providers and employers in communities who are dealing with the struggles of these and experience the same sort of frustration and anxiety that are associated or wrapped up within diseases and deaths of despair.","You conclude your study by - I believe the quote is community level well-being played an important role in this election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : saying that the effects of addiction, depression, and other diseases go beyond the individual, which is not the same as the actual meaning of the statement which is that people in these communities dealing with the struggles of these issues experience the same kinds of frustration and anxiety.","questions":"Which diseases affect not only individuals but also their friends and family members in communities?","answer":"Diseases"}
{"text":["But more generally, Africa and Latin America are being hurt, but it doesn't seem quite as bad for example, as those in Eastern Europe, their debt levels are not as high. While they're hurting some because of the big fall in commodity prices - I mean, we've seen for example the first negative growth in South Africa since 1998. But I don't think these are as hard hit because the financial exposure in this part of the world is not as great as let's say it is in the U. S.  certainly, in Europe, and parts of emerging Europe.","Is that what is allowing some countries to be - I hesitate to use the word financially successful at the moment, but allowing them to compete in a way that they had not been able to before?","Well, it's possible, I think. I - you know, I think everybody is getting hurt. The only question is how much. And as we were saying earlier, the - many of the countries in Africa and Latin America seem to be, for the moment at least, being hurt less than countries in other regions like, say, Russia or Ukraine or Hungary. So, it's a matter of relative hurt rather than success.","Ah, that's a good way of putting it. Now, when trouble strikes immigrants and their families may choose to head home or they could be forced to return if their visas depend on having a job. What impact has the economic downturn had on immigration?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Everybody getting hurt doesn't mean physically hurt but that everybody is experiencing difficulties. ","questions":"How are the countries in Africa and Latin America being affected compared to countries in other regions?","answer":"Less"}
{"text":["And that is a big deal because a census is supposed to be a head count of every person living in the country. That's a constitutional mandate regardless of citizenship or immigration status. And those numbers determine how many congressional seats each state gets, as well as how almost $900 billion a year in federal funding for roads, for schools, how all that money is distributed around the country.","Right, so a lot of financial and political implications if you don't have the correct population number, particularly of certain minorities.","Exactly.","What are the two sides arguing?What's that what's the for and the against?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"That's a constitutional mandate regardless of citizenship or immigration status.\" (turn A): The literal meaning is that the census is required by the Constitution and applies to everyone living in the country, regardless of their legal status. The implied meaning is that some people might think the census should only count citizens or legal residents, but the speaker is emphasizing that this is not the case.","questions":"How is the census requirement related to citizenship and immigration status?","answer":"Universality"}
{"text":["Yeah. And we owe a debt of gratitude, also, to Roger Hangarter of Indiana University, who gave us some other time-lapse of other plant motions. Because I started looking into this, and, you know, even the tulips in your vase are moving around if you speed up time. Their leaves are flopping. He told me this amazing story about sunflowers that I never knew. The reason that they are called that is that they actually orient towards the sun throughout the day. Their leaves do. So they start facing east and then end up facing west.","They have the ultimate solar panels.","That's totally right.","They figured out how to actually how to move with the sun. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Sunflowers figured out how to follow the sun's movement.","questions":"Which flowers?","answer":"Sunflowers"}
{"text":["It's not unusual for a new president to shed some of the staff that comes in with him in the first year. You know, people from the campaign, for example, who don't fit in in the new environment. But this is the earliest we've ever seen a chief of staff go. And this many departees at this high level, it's hard to think of an analog in the first six months of any other administration.","OK.  A really big legislative story this week with the Senate failing to repeal the Affordable Care Act. Is that effort dead as in really, really, really dead?","It is dead for the moment. You know, the president has been tweeting in the last 24 hours about killing the filibuster rule because it's too hard to get to 60 votes. You know, on this bill, all they needed was 50 votes and they could not get to 50 votes. And the real problem here is not process. It's the problem. They don't have consensus on health care. So it looks dead in the Senate, at least for the moment, but it could be revived in the longer run.","And just quickly, we could have started our conversation with North Korea or Russia. The world is out there, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the statement \"The world is out there, isn't it?\" has an implied meaning of \"There are many other important topics we could discuss besides the current one.\"","questions":"Which statement has an implied meaning of \"There are many other important topics we could discuss besides the current one\"?","answer":"Healthcare"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Spies try to protect America from its enemies, but does that mean spying on friends too?The steady drip of intelligence leaks from former NSA contractor Edward Snowden continues with the revelations that the National Security Agency tapped the mobile phone of German Chancellor Angela Merkel. The Guardian newspaper broke the story this week and also reported that the U. S.  spy agency intercepted 70 million phone calls and text messages in France. Now, the response from Germany and France has been swift, and as you might imagine, sharp. Laurent Fabius, the French foreign minister, called the spying shocking and unacceptable. He told Le Monde: We cooperate in the useful way in the fight against terrorism but that does not justify everything. P. J. Crowley is a former U. S.  assistant secretary of state for public affairs. He joins us in our studios. Thanks so much for being with us.","P. J. CROWLEY: Pleasure to be here, Scott.","Are Germany and France shocked, shocked like in Casablanca, or are they truly surprised?","There's scambling(ph) going on here, yes. I mean, Europeans have a different view of privacy than Americans do. So, I think there is a difference of attitude or perspective on this. That said, I don't think it should shock anyone that governments spy on each other.","Well, but these are allies."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"There's scrambling going on here\" - The speaker is not referring to actual physical scrambling. Instead, the speaker is using a figurative language to describe the reaction of the European countries to the news.","questions":"How did the speaker describe the reaction of the European countries to the news?","answer":"Scrambling"}
{"text":["They're tackling it backwards. At the end of the day, put in age verification because otherwise, every teenager would be drinking beer and going to the liquor store four, five times a day. Put in age verification. Make sure - and keep those companies - and hold them accountable. But if you put in age verification as an adult product, that is all you need to do.","So how much business do you stand to lose once this ban on thousands of flavors goes into effect?","That remains to be seen. I don't know. And I don't think it will go into effect. I think, at the end of the day, cooler heads will prevail because what's going to happen is you have to have the understanding and the knowledge and have all the information available to you prior to making such a drastic statement and doing something that will ultimately drive most people back to cigarettes.","We have literally, you know, destroyed the actual tobacco category as we know it because we gave them a vastly less harmful alternative. And that is what we are very proud of, and that is exactly what we're trying to continue."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Nothing is getting tackled. The people are trying to solve the problem the wrong way.","questions":"How are people trying to solve the problem of underage drinking related to vaping?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":[". . . Or the Weinstein sexual scandals or, you know, the shooting in Texas. I mean, it's just, like - it's a continual thing of these events that are just rocking people's lives. And I used to just be a viewer. And I used to just kind of go from one event to another. And now I'm stuck in one of those events because I could list all the things that we've done as a family and all the things - I mean, just like soccer practices. And I haven't missed a day of work. And booster meetings. And we've gone to our dentist appointments and our doctor's appointments. But I still feel like it's day one.","Investigators, as we speak, still haven't come up with anything resembling a motive that we know about.","What bothers me more than the motive or lack of motive is lack of information. Whenever we get a little tidbit of something, we just jump on it because we just have a desire to know. Like, the first week after it happened, I was obsessed with, like, my escape route. Like, I was just looking at Google images, pictures of the event. Like, where did I go?And then my next thing was, I want to know where the shooter went, where he came from. I wanted to see him walking into the hotel, walking out of the hotel. And they haven't released any of that.","Why do you want to see that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is not asking why the person wants to see the shooter walking into and out of the hotel, but instead is asking why the person is so interested in getting information about the event in general.","questions":"Which specific event is the speaker referring to when they mention wanting to know where the shooter went?","answer":"Event"}
{"text":["In terms of the natural ecosystems, rapid changes coming, suddenly roads are getting built. People having the first time in nearly 22 years of warfare that they're able to get up and still moving around and finding markets and exploiting resources. Animals are resourced. They will be facing severe problems if poaching becomes more common that it already is, which is somewhat routine, and these things could be wiped out very badly in a few years, especially vulnerable species like elephants which are in so much danger elsewhere and even species that are quite rare and it's just only in South Sudan like certain kinds of antelope that were thought extinct and now have been found in South Sudan.","And there are - the ivory route is that these poachers come down and kill the animals for their ivory. It's taken then to Sudan, carved and sent to China.","Yeah. There's a city called Onderon(ph) - if I'm pronouncing it correctly - which has a traditional center of artisanal carving of ivory and export. So some elephant tusks do flow into Onderon and get shipped out from there to markets in the Middle East and China.","Yet, there are still large herds of elephants left in South Sudan. You saw one from an airplane."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Poachers kill elephants for their ivory and sell it to markets in Sudan, the Middle East, and China.","questions":"How do poachers profit from killing elephants in South Sudan?","answer":"Sell"}
{"text":["General, do you have to worry about the possibility that even in, at least what so far seems to be uncontested conflict - if that's quite the term of art, I mean, in the air - that some technical problem could bring an F-22 down and then the Syrians or ISIL would have it and give it to the Chinese?","Fortunately, we have a fairly - really reliable aircraft. And so that is an event that would be exceedingly rare. However. . .","It happened to a stealth. I think we all recall that.","Yeah, but those kind of things are very rare when you look at the total number of sorties and missions that we've flown over the last, you know, 25 years."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : . The implied meaning of (4) is that the General is downplaying the possibility of a technical problem, despite the fact that a stealth fighter did crash in the past.","questions":"How does the General respond to the possibility of a technical problem despite a past incident with a stealth fighter?","answer":"Rare"}
{"text":["Meanwhile, they put in 40 gigawatts of coal. So renewables are great, but for the developing world, they're still too expensive. And so China and India are going the way they can afford. We can't criticize them for that, and we can't afford to subsidize them. So the switch to natural gas I think is absolutely essential for the next several decades.","All right, thank you very much, it's been enlightening to talk to you, and hope that you'll be back when you've got new data to share with us.","We'd be happy to come back any time, Ira.","Richard Muller, thank you. He's author of \"Energy for Future Presidents: The Science Behind the Headlines. \"He's also senior scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. And we're going to take a break, and when we come back, we're going to talk about planetary science of another kind, a trip to Mars."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Renewable energy is still too expensive for developing countries","questions":"What is the reason for China and India not investing in renewables?","answer":"Cost"}
{"text":["I think that teenagers - I mean, some were very passionately involved in this. And, you know, teachers do feel things very passionately. It's why they're such a great audience to write for. But others are getting a little bit fed up because these controversies within YA, especially, are dominated by adults, and they're led by adults. So the teens are starting to kind of push back a little bit and saying, you know, this community is supposed to be for us, and you guys are messing it up.","(Laughter) As adults often do mess up things, don't we?","It's true. We ruin everything.","Kat Rosenfield, her article \"The Toxic Drama On YA Twitter\" is on Vulture. com. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"It's true. We ruin everything.\" Here, the speaker uses sarcasm to convey a sentiment of self-deprecation. The actual meaning is that the speaker doesn't believe that adults ruin everything, but rather they are making a sarcastic remark to emphasize the point made by B in the previous turn. It's a humorous way of acknowledging the flaws and mistakes made by adults.","questions":"What sentiment is the speaker trying to convey through the use of sarcasm in turn 2?","answer":"Humorous"}
{"text":["We reached out to everyone. And basically, they said, as so many doctors are want to say, we don't think about price when we prescribe. We just want to give, you know. . .","The best thing that's out there.","The best. But I'd have to say in this case there's not even proof that this is the best. In the studies that got this drug approved, this drug was only effective in curing toenail fungus from 6 to about 9 percent of the time after 11 months of treatment. So it's not even a very effective drug.","From your reporting on this, though, why do doctors do this?They say it's not about cost, but is there an ulterior motive - something that makes certain doctors push certain medicines?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Doctors may have an ulterior motive for prescribing certain medications","questions":"How can doctors be motivated to prescribe certain medications?","answer":"Ulterior"}
{"text":["What does the president want?Do we know?","That is the question. And it seems to be constantly changing. On Tuesday at the White House meeting, the president told lawmakers essentially, if you come up with a compromise, I'll sign what you send me. And so they did come up with a. . .","Yeah, he said I'll sign it. I'll take the heat. Yeah.","Exactly. And so they thought they had done that. And he rejected it. The White House has never put a particularly fine policy detail on what they want. I think it's fair to say he wants a win. And on this issue, it's tough for him because he needs to be able to bring something back to his base on a key issue in his campaign but also come up with a deal that Democrats can vote for."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Interracial interactions can be negatively impacted by implicit racial biases that individuals may not even be aware they possess, highlighting the importance of awareness and education around these biases to promote understanding and positive interactions.","questions":"Which issue does the president need to bring something back to his base on?","answer":"Immigration"}
{"text":["So I shaved my head kind of as a social experiment, you know?And sure enough, no more hey, baby, you know?But suddenly I was public enemy No. 1. People thought I was a skinhead or some kind of punk that was going to break something or steal something.","People were visibly intimidated - which, again, here's a girl moving through the world, craving eye contact, craving human connection, even fleeting connection, passersby, you know?And so the fact that people no longer even would look me in the eye was - it really weighed on me, and it started to accumulate in my chest. Even people who are politely nervous just eventually enraged me.","(Singing) I am not an angry girl, but it seems like I've got everyone fooled. Every time I say something they find hard to hear, they chalk it up to my anger and never to their own fear.","You had - as you talked about in the book, you were struggling with this idea of how to make art and how to sell your art or even if you should."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Shaving his head affected how people perceived him","questions":"Which experiment did PersonA conduct by shaving his head?","answer":"Social"}
{"text":["Yeah, of course. What really sealed the deal for me was when I had to pay $11. 25 to report each individual score to colleges on my list. And, of course, I believe, you know, there has to be a lot of money that goes into proctors, the readers for the essays, all that stuff. To just send scores?It doesn't cost $11 per score.","Of course, the College Board's a not-for-profit corporation.","Yeah. I mean, they pull in about $750 million-plus a year. In the last three years, there's been about a $60 million profit on average, and that's just insane.","Well, let me follow up on another part of your argument, Mr.  Tonelli. Do you think the costs of the tests deter students from applying to more than one college?And does it perhaps discourage poorer families?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A says that the College Board pulls in about $750 million-plus a year and has made an average profit of $60 million over the last three years, and that this is just insane. The actual meaning here is that the high revenue and profits generated by the College Board, a non-profit organization, are viewed as excessive and unreasonable by some people, particularly given the high costs that students and families must pay to take College Board tests.","questions":"What is the reason for PersonA's view on the revenue and profits of the College Board?","answer":"Costs"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And the blog that you refer to with Melissa Harris-Lacewell is a blog called Down from the Tower, and it's an ongoing discussion between Melissa and Marc Lamont Hill, who is a professor at Temple. And so, one day, you might click on, and Melissa will have the call and Marc will have the response. One day, he may toss out a question to her. He'll have the call and she'll have the response. And it's a very lively - up to now, it has been a political discussion. But they may take on other things. Politics seems to be dominating the moment.","But I do hope that the site evolves into one where our writers are talking to one another and talking to the Web and to communities that live outside The Root, bringing new information and ideas and, you know, creating a vibrant marketplace for idea.","And I also think one of the things that I like about - I'm glad you pointed out the exchange between Melissa and Marc, because it is debate and it is thoughtful, weighty, witty debate. And it's not\u2026","All right."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker expresses their hope that The Root evolves into a platform where writers engage with each other and with communities outside the website, creating a vibrant marketplace for ideas. The literal meaning of the turn is straightforward. However, the implied meaning is that The Root aims to foster a diverse and inclusive online community where different perspectives are heard and debated. This suggests that the website has a broader mission than just providing a platform for writers to share their ideas.","questions":"Which website aims to foster a diverse and inclusive online community?","answer":"Root"}
{"text":["What about the SPF factor?Does SPF 30 protect you twice as much as, say, SPF 15 and half as much as 60?","Great question. So it's - actually the way that the studies are done it's a little bit confusing because an SPF of 15 protects you from 93 percent of UVB rays, and it's only UVBs that SPF actually tells you about. Now, an SPF of 30 is going to protect you from 97 percent of those UVB rays. And when you get up to 50, you're only protecting yourself from 98 percent. So you can notice it's partial percentage points differences. . .","Yeah.",". . . between that 30 to 50. And when you get up to that 100 range, it's even a smaller difference, and that's the reason why the FDA is going to release new guidelines for rules of how we're going to label our sunscreens. And it's going to finally happen this December, so that we're not actually be able to have a sunscreen higher than 50 because it really gives people a false sense of security when they're using those higher numbers when they're really not getting that as much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Sunscreen with an SPF higher than 50 gives people a false sense of security.","questions":"Which number indicates the highest SPF that will be available according to the new guidelines mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"50"}
{"text":["Why?","Because it's like they don't have an agenda. They are just naturally funny.","I see a little boy break a grown man down so bad, one time, in the mall. We was in the sunglass department. The man tried on the sunglasses, he put the glasses on, he looked down at the little boy, he said, how these look?Little boy looked at him, he said, \"They look good, now all you got to do is get your teeth fixed. \"","Kids don't have an agenda. They just say what they see and then old people they just tell the truth. So - so, you know. I live in South Florida. And where I live is a predominantly retirement community. And one day, you know, how the new - the new fashion thing is your bra strap shows. You know, you could wear like a tube top and you have a fashion bra-bra, fashionable bra one. So I'm standing in line at the post office and this old lady taps me on the shoulder, she goes, sweetheart, your bra is showing.","And I look at her like, but it's pink. So I love that. I love people that are like generally funny and just on it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : kids and old people can be refreshingly honest because they are not always trying to please others or conform to social norms.","questions":"Which age groups tend to be refreshingly honest?","answer":"Kidsandoldpeople"}
{"text":["You know, let's just take a look at Los Angeles' demographics. You have people from incredibly wealthy to incredibly poor. You have immigrants, native-born people who've come here from other parts of the U. S. , people, of course, who were born here. How do you think L. A. 's demographics affect the need for public transportation?","Well, clearly there is a very serious need here in the region. We are very geographically dispersed in other words. We have suburbs that extend for miles in every direction. So the need for a broad-based transportation system that depends on a lot of bus service is particularly important in our region. Here in the downtown area, we do have a more extensive rail network that starts in the downtown region and then extends outwards.","But again, that's only the metro services. There are also Metrolink services and Amtrak services that serve more of the Southern California region. So there are lots of transportation choices here, and it would do people that are trying to save money well to look into these services.","Finally, is the federal government supporting the system at all?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Los Angeles is a diverse city with people from all backgrounds.","questions":"Which city has a diverse population?","answer":"LosAngeles"}
{"text":["Hello.","What's going on in your city?","Well, what's going on in my city is a similar dynamic of what's taking place in other cities across the United States right now. We've had 130 percent increase in homicides related to arguments and fights between individuals or groups unrelated to other criminal activity. They've got easy access to firearms. We've seen all of these cities have seen many more shots fired at each individual incident. Some places it's a fight over synthetic drug markets. So there are a number of variables, but they all revolve around a fairly narrow slice of these advantage communities that is very concerning.","Chief Flynn, not so long ago, you were getting credit for a low homicide rate. What changed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : can be interpreted as a way to inquire about the current situation in the city, not just the events taking place. ","questions":"What is the concern regarding the advantage communities?","answer":"communities"}
{"text":["It's a really exciting time for us, Ira, to - it's only five years in, and it's been a tremendous success story for the company. Handsets really have taken off. We're at a point now where almost half of all handsets in the world made are smartphones with some type of touch capability.","And then I'm sure you know of tablet computers, are very exciting, have grown quite magnificently in the last few years. And the market is starting to think about expanding touch interfaces with the different devices. If you think about your laptop computer, for example, or monitors or tabletops, even the front of a refrigerator, there's a lot more applications out there, we feel.","We feel that touch and the interface of touch is only going to grow.","Do you have to design and engineer the glass specifically to be touched as a utility?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Designing and engineering glass for touch functionality is necessary.","questions":"Which functionality requires designing and engineering glass?","answer":"Touch"}
{"text":["Well, and if you believe the federal government or other arms of the federal government, children are not supposed to be held accountable for their parents' debts. But the Social Security Administration and the Treasury have found a way around that thanks to a one-line change they made in the 2008 Farm Bill.","And that line is?I suspect it has nothing to do with wheat or barley, yeah?","Nothing at all. Basically, what it said is the government, which previously had not been allowed to go out and collect debts that were more than 10 years old, now can go back as far as they'd like - decades back. And in the last couple of years, they've been aggressively doing that to the tune of many hundreds of millions of dollars.","And you've talked to several people who've been hit by this, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"the government, which previously had not been allowed to go out and collect debts that were more than 10 years old, now can go back as far as they'd like - decades back.\" Implicated meaning: The government can now pursue and collect debts that are much older than the previous time limit of 10 years.","questions":"What is the new time limit for the government to collect debts?","answer":"10"}
{"text":["There is also a pledge now by this, again, outside group, the opposition coalition, to actually try to form a government in exile as soon as this weekend. It's a long-time coming.","Yeah. This has been going on for a while. They've talking about forming this government in exile for a long time. As we've seen with many of these different Syrian opposition groups, the political groups, the people who are based outside, they have a hard time. There's some reasons for that. I mean, it's hard for someone to say they want to claim responsibility as the leader of a group because they immediately become a target, their families become a target from the Syrian regime. But there's also just a lot of disagreement about who should lead. Should he be from the south?Should he be from the capital - he or she?Should he be a she?","You know, and, you know, secular, Islamist, which group - Christian minority, majority Sunni, so these are the questions that they're all hammering out. There's supposed to be a meeting in the coming ways. We've heard that that might be postponed.","Really?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Based outside\" doesn't mean they are outdoors, it means they are outsiders to the current government. They are not in power now.","questions":"Which term describes the Syrian opposition groups in relation to the current government?","answer":"Outsiders"}
{"text":["So I'm going to plunge straight into another topic. That's gas prices. They rose more than six cents in one day following news of the damage to the Gulf Coast. There is a lot of oil industry there. Tropical Storm Ike also damaged that area.","Now, there is a question of whether or not folks are getting unfairly gouged. One gas station is said to have charged five dollars for a gallon of regular, and there are some other places in the damaged areas that don't even have gas. So is this price gouging?And I'm not just talking about the people in the effected areas, but people across the country.","There is some price gouging, I think, when you get to five dollars. On the other hand, when you're talking about what's happening with production, the fact is that there are almost immediate shortages. Gas stations have the gas that they have under their stations to pump, that's all they have. They have to get deliveries of other gas and it's more scarce, it costs them more.","So if someone decides, in anticipation of price rises, to raise the price on the gas under their station, that's not fair but it's somewhat reasonable. But when they take it from a few cents to five dollars, if it was being posted as $3. 65, which was the national average, and then you get up to five dollars, that does seem to be a bit much."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Gas stations may be charging unfair prices due to the damage caused by the storm.","questions":"What is the topic that PersonB plunges into at the beginning of the dialogue?","answer":"gas"}
{"text":["Boy, melodrama going on, on the Washington football club whose team name I refuse to utter. Coach Shanahan benching Robert Griffin III for the rest of the season - good idea or. . .","Well, it's all part of a bigger power play. The big problem is the owner. The problem with the Redskins goes back to Daniel Snyder. He's worse than George Steinbrenner, worse than Marge Schott; worse than all of them. He's one of the worst owners that you could possibly have. When he started, he had past-prime players with Deion Sanders and Bruce Smith trying to make a splash.","We're about to run out of time. Not much time for many more worse, yes?","Awful. He's just bad."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The coach's decision to bench Griffin is indicative of larger issues within the organization, likely stemming from the owner's poor management.","questions":"What is the reason for the coach's decision to bench Griffin?","answer":"Poormanagement"}
{"text":["Well, you know, I'm a Republican, but I'm also Catholic. So for me, the religious side, if we went there, I would be very much be against the death penalty, very much pro-life. And I see the pro-life and the death penalty - you kind of have to be consistent, in my mind.","You talk about your Catholic faith and how you look at this question through that lens. Of course, there are people who think that religion ought to be set aside. But I think in reality, many people do look at it at political questions through the lens of their own values. But white evangelicals make up a big part of the Republican Party. There are a lot of white evangelicals there in Kentucky as well. Of course, many white evangelicals oppose abortion, so I'm curious how you make that case to them.","Well, and that's why I'm, quite frankly, focusing on the economics. - But when you start talking about the numbers, the numbers are numbers. And it's pretty clear in a state like ours where we have desperate needs to use the money in other places - to shore up our pensions, you know, to help with our school system - this is simply an area where I think if you look at it logically, we're not getting any benefit from a criminal law standpoint, so let's spend our money somewhere else.","So the fiscal argument might make the case where the moral argument is more complex.","That's right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : quite frankly means quite honestly, or the person is telling the truth but some people might not like it","questions":"Which word describes the meaning of \"quite frankly\"?","answer":"Honestly"}
{"text":["So your position would be that your dean of students would be there, even if there were some Oberlin students who decided to have a Make America Great rally.","Absolutely. The content of the speech isn't relevant. And she's supposed to be a liaison to the police. And, in fact, the police contacted her staff to talk about this particular protest as it was happening. So it wouldn't matter whether they were there for a Make America Great rally or whether they were there to talk about some progressive cause. The content of the speech is not why we're there. It's there to be able to protect the community and to make it a lawful protest.","Racism is an ugly charge. Can you see why the Gibsons were upset by it?","Oh, absolutely. I - absolutely. If you're called a name that you don't believe is true, then I can absolutely see why the Gibsons were upset."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The dean of students would be present to ensure a lawful protest regardless of the content of the speech","questions":"What is the purpose of the dean of students' presence during a protest?","answer":"protection"}
{"text":["Now, let's talk a little bit about what has changed for you. During that Hayday, what was a typical day in your life like?And then now, as things are much more shaky, what's a typical day in your life like?","I think, in the HayDay, we saw - there was this healthy balance between supply of houses and the demands for houses on our market. And what I did typically see is working with a lot of first-time homebuyers during that period, people getting really great rate in the 4 percent (unintelligible).","And then, you know, in our marketplace, you know, Cleveland's generally really affordable place to buy a home and a good place for people to obtain - homeownership is attainable for a lot of people because here of prices of our homes in our area. You know, today, we see those same people losing their homes, and it's just a few short years later - and I think we can attributed to the products that they were put in; the loan products and the kind of irresponsibility of both the consumer and the mortgage banks. And\u2026","So sorry to interrupt you. When you say loan product, you're talking about some of these subprime loans?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In the given context, the literal meaning of turn (4) is that B is simply asking A to clarify what they mean by \"loan product,\" specifically asking if they are referring to subprime loans. However, the implied meaning of turn (4) is that B may be trying to redirect the conversation away from the topic of subprime loans, which have been associated with the housing market crash, and potentially avoid blame or responsibility for their role in the crisis. This can be inferred from the fact that B interrupts A while they are discussing the role of loan products and the irresponsibility of consumers and mortgage banks.","questions":"How does PersonB potentially try to redirect the conversation?","answer":"Subprime"}
{"text":["You might, you know, you might call it so. I'm not their official and so I'm not particularly knowledgeable about, you know, all the reasons that go into this. I think that, in a way, it is hedging its bets, but I don't think that Jordan or any other Arab country's under any illusion that the regime will survive.","And what about potential remedies if, indeed, the country is strained to the breaking point - and I think that's probably an exaggeration - but nevertheless, strained in any case. Is the government of Jordan calling for remedies like a safe zone to be established along the - in Syrian territory, along the Jordanian border?Is it calling for no-fly zones?","No, not so far. No-fly zones and safe zones, as you know, will require a military intervention by, you know, by someone, by the international community, by NATO forces, by the United States or by Arab forces. They are not as easy to defend as they are to establish. So Jordan has so far not called for no-fly zones, but it has said it will go with the consensus of any international effort to try to remedy the situation.","Syria, of course, is not Jordan's only neighbor. Its also bordered by Saudi Arabia - both Saudi Arabia and the gulf states have been rather more active in supporting the Syrian opposition. Have they been putting pressure on Oman?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Jordan is open to international efforts to resolve the situation in Syria, but is not taking unilateral action","questions":"What is the stance of Jordan on taking unilateral action to resolve the situation in Syria?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["When you say muscle through an agenda, the implication is they've got to twist arms in their own party?","Well, I think the Republican Party is going through change. The more populous, working-class element of the Republican Party is on the ascent. And the tectonic plates within both parties, frankly, are changing as both parties are becoming more tribalized. As you see on the Democratic side, Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders have a significant and outsized voice in their party just as the House Freedom Caucus and the more populous, working-class wing on the Republican side have an outsized voice.","Ken Spain was managing director of communications at Koch Industries. He's now a partner at the CGCN consultant group. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone","questions":"Which turn of the dialogue clarifies that \"having me\" is not related to owning someone?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["There isn't. And I think the interesting thing about this government is they have cut the Argentine military budget so severely in the last few years that even if Argentina wanted to invade the Falklands, they would be incapable of doing so. So that's one good thing.","So what does this campaign amount to then besides words?","Well, they're trying to put economic pressure on Britain. And I think actually the British are a little bit worried about it. They are stopping cruise ships that come from the Falklands, not allowing them to dock in Argentina. They are pressuring the Chileans to cut off the one air link between Chile and the Falkland Islands. They are calling on Argentine manufacturers to cut down on the import of British goods. And I think the worry is that they will make this into a regional campaign, that they will try and persuade the Brazilians, the Peruvians and others to start putting economic pressure on Britain as well.","And the rallying cry of anti-colonialism has a lot of residents in South America."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"How did the Argentine military budget affect their capability to invade the Falklands?","answer":"Incapable"}
{"text":["You're welcome. What a pleasure.","What are the factors you had to take into consideration to do things like help create flags and currency for South Sudan?","What I learned was these state symbols are really marks of consensus. They're about design, but they're really about agreement. So South Sudan is comprised of 60 ethnic tribes, and for the one symbol that they were able to produce during the time of the referendum to the time of their independence, they produced a national seal. And they had to get the agreement of 28 cabinet ministers representing these tribes.","And what's the seal look like?How would you describe it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  B: \"And what's the seal look like? How would you describe it?\"  The literal meaning of this turn is a request for a physical description of the national seal. However, the intended meaning is to ask for the significance or symbolism behind the design of the seal.","questions":"What is the implied meaning behind PersonB's question about the national seal design?","answer":"Symbolism"}
{"text":["If you thought the fight over the FBI's Russia investigation couldn't get any more contentious, this past week, of course, it did. The White House has refused to declassify a competing Democratic memo that challenges claims made by the Republicans alleging bias and abuse in the FBI. President Trump had given the OK to release the GOP memo. Both documents are products of infighting within the House intelligence committee. Jamil Jaffer was a lawyer in the White House under President George W.  Bush. And he was senior counsel to the House intel committee. He joins us from Colorado today. Welcome to the program.","Thanks. Good to be here, Lulu.","You've called this a, quote, \"massive strategic miscalculation on the part of the White House. \"Why?","Look. I mean, part of the challenge here is the president is alleging that there was massive corruption at the FBI, at the Justice Department - an attempt to engage in political surveillance. And by allowing one side's memo to come out - the House Republicans' memo to come out - without releasing the House Democrats' memo, it plays into that partisan narrative. And as a result, it discredits the ability to make the point that there was - whether there was or was not, in fact, problems with the FBI."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The White House made a mistake by not releasing the Democratic memo, which may discredit their claims of FBI corruption.","questions":"What did the White House refuse to declassify?","answer":"Memo."}
{"text":["So this will help the basketball players and then also the track events. But the good thing is obviously with these developments - the wheelchairs (unintelligible) through the people, you know, everyday people that use wheelchairs, and it will mean it's more lightweight for them to lift, say, in and out of vehicles.","And some of this stuff then filters in back to the general public.","Yeah, I mean, and that's a great thing, you know, the flow sort of from elite to high street, as we refer to it, is great. So you start seeing that, for example, with push bikes. We see a lot of that now available, helmet design from bikes, you say that. Swimwear is another thing that we see a lot of technology flowing into the high street.","Let's talk about swimwear because there was a kind of swimwear that was used and is now banned, and something new is taking its place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"the flow sort of from elite to high street\" - The literal meaning of \"elite to high street\" refers to the movement of trends or products from exclusive or high-end markets to more accessible ones. The intended meaning is that technology used in elite sports is being adapted for use by everyday people.","questions":"What is the intended meaning of \"elite to high street\"?","answer":"Trends"}
{"text":["How does it manifest?","Well, it's strange. But I think I can see it in the eyes of people when they approach me. And a lot of mothers who have lost their children do approach me, and I can see it. I can feel it even before they reach me. And it's like it's a secret society that nobody wants to be a part of, but we offer one another comfort because we know the pain that we still feel.","So more conversations like this, more personal revelations, more scrutiny, more campaigning, having to defend your husband's record, the anxiety of a potential loss after giving so much - are you really ready to do this again (laughter)?","I am ready. I am ready. I wouldn't have done it. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mothers who have lost their children recognize and approach each other for comfort.","questions":"What kind of people approach the speaker for comfort?","answer":"Mothers"}
{"text":["Why, over really a period of 25 years or so, have there been so many misadventures?How do you explain, for example, Iraq?How do you explain the lack of progress after so many years in Afghanistan?Why was the Libyan intervention unsuccessful?And I think the conclusion is is that the United States has focused more since the end of the Cold War not so much on defending against external threats but focusing more on the internal governance of foreign countries and trying to change it.","So rather than maintaining a strong defense in protecting our national interests, we've tended to promote democracy in other countries, we've engaged in nation-building exercises, we've engaged in regime change. And in most of those cases, we've been unsuccessful.","You were the U. S.  ambassador to Germany. Does the United States have - and you know the history - does the United States have no interest in preventing genocide and mass slaughter around the world?","I think genocide is probably the one case where we do have a responsibility. I mean, if it's real genocide and people are - there is mass murder, then I think we have a moral duty to intervene. But the problem is is that how you define that moral duty when it's not clearly genocide, when there's injustice, when there's discrimination, when, for instance, the young girls in Afghanistan can't go to school, that is not genocide."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The US has failed to protect its national interests by instead pursuing nation-building activities and regime changes in foreign countries.","questions":"Which term describes the foreign policy actions of the US mentioned in turn 1?","answer":"Nationbuilding."}
{"text":["I was hugely skeptical of this idea that wine was, as some people say, bottled poetry. And part of what made Morgan such an incredible guide for me is that he was so passionately convinced of wine's ability to make us feel small the way a painting can or a great piece of music.","And I think that we tend to be biased against this idea that wine can exist on the same plane as art, partially because of history. If you go back to Plato and Aristotle, they were really the first to dismiss the senses of taste and smell. They told us that these were the savage, animalistic senses, that they could never provide these sort of soulful insights into the world. And we've really dismissed them ever since.","I want to talk a little bit about the words that are used to describe wine. You know, normally we hear things like dry, oaky, buttery - I kind of understand what those mean. But sommeliers have a much more creative way of describing tasting notes that you might not hear in a restaurant.","Well, you get everything from the more straightforward fruits and vegetables. So it could be pomegranate, raspberry, blackberry, apple, pear, lemon. They can also range to the far more imaginative. There were times where I was sitting in a tasting group and I thought that I was hearing someone read from a Wiccan book of love spells."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implicated meaning: The descriptions used in the wine tasting group were incredibly imaginative and evocative, to the point where they seemed like mystical incantations or enchantments found in a Wiccan book of love spells. It implies that the language used to describe the flavors and aromas of wine can be poetic, enchanting, and highly creative, going beyond literal descriptions.","questions":"What were some of the imaginative descriptions used in the wine tasting group?","answer":"mystical"}
{"text":["It could be. But there is nowhere for the new justices, the Trump justices, Brett Kavanaugh and Neil Gorsuch, to hide. They're going to have to say more than they said at their confirmation hearings, and that's why it's critical. And it is likely that both of them differ from the swing justice of the last 15 years, Anthony Kennedy.","So DACA is another controversial issue. In November, the court's also going to consider whether President Trump can end the DACA program that shields immigrants brought to the United States as children from deportation. It's my understanding that the court isn't going to rule on whether the law itself is legal. So what's the issue here?","The issue is executive power. The issue is to what extent the Trump administration could reverse the executive action taken by Barack Obama and whether the Trump administration followed the correct procedures. So it will be read by the public as a key ruling on a Trump policy. And therefore, it's important.","And so finally, let's turn our focus to the coming week. The court is going to hear three cases related to workplace discrimination on Tuesday. And basically, the question for the court is whether the Civil Rights Act applies to gay and transgender people in the workplace. Is that the crux of the issue?","Correct. And it's a question of statutory construction - whether Title VII, passed decades ago by Congress to apply to discrimination based on sex, should also be read to apply to sexual orientation. This is the first time several of these justices are going to weigh in on gay rights."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The justices will give their opinions on certain issues for the first time.","questions":"Which opinions will the justices give for the first time?","answer":"Workplace"}
{"text":["Yeah.","And, you know, that's OK.  We don't have to approve of every facet of an artist's life to find their work interesting or significant, but the context does change.","What does that mean for us as viewers?Does it mean that we should stop watching these movies?","Everybody has to make their own choice in that regard. But for me, I look at these things in a purely selfish way, like as a viewer, which is how much extra dramatic information is getting in the way of my enjoying this work. And am I really thinking about the work when I watch it?Or am I thinking about the person who made it and disliking them or just being upset about them in some way?And if the answer's the latter, I probably don't want to watch that anymore.","I want to look at Louis C. K. , in particular. You know, his comedy, actually, was often celebrated because it seemed to address men and their foibles. What did you think of his comedy?And what do you think now?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"I look at these things in a purely selfish way\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker evaluates art based on how it affects their own enjoyment. The actual meaning is that the speaker considers how the artist's personal life may impact their ability to enjoy the art, but ultimately leaves the decision up to the individual viewer.","questions":"How does the speaker evaluate art?","answer":"Selfish"}
{"text":["Yeah, of course. What really sealed the deal for me was when I had to pay $11. 25 to report each individual score to colleges on my list. And, of course, I believe, you know, there has to be a lot of money that goes into proctors, the readers for the essays, all that stuff. To just send scores?It doesn't cost $11 per score.","Of course, the College Board's a not-for-profit corporation.","Yeah. I mean, they pull in about $750 million-plus a year. In the last three years, there's been about a $60 million profit on average, and that's just insane.","Well, let me follow up on another part of your argument, Mr.  Tonelli. Do you think the costs of the tests deter students from applying to more than one college?And does it perhaps discourage poorer families?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B asks if the costs of the College Board tests deter students from applying to more than one college and if it discourages poorer families. The actual meaning here is that the high costs of the College Board tests may create barriers to higher education for students from low-income families, who may not be able to afford to take the tests multiple times or to send their scores to multiple colleges.","questions":"How might the high costs of College Board tests affect low-income students' college applications?","answer":"Barriers"}
{"text":["I had always written about my mother. I started writing in college in a creative writing class. And some of the first stories I wrote were talking about different disagreements that we had. But what was important was the kind of larger struggles that were embodied in those arguments. I just published an essay about the conception of this book, and I talk about the issue of hair and how the struggle of hair between black mothers and black daughters is fraught with all of these racial tensions that are basically absorbed from the larger culture.","So I had always written about my mother as a way to write about these larger issues and about immigration and gender and motherhood. And during the time that my mother's health took a turn for the worse, I was a grad student at Columbia in their MFA program. And actually, it was the last day of school. And we had our graduation ceremony. And I found out that my mom was, you know, had a few months to live.","So I pretty immediately - because I was done with school - packed my things up. I quit the job that I had and moved back to Philadelphia and basically spent the last six months with her. It was, you know, it's an around-the-clock job. It's very draining. And at the end of the day, the only thing I had time to write were basically one paragraph or sometimes a sentence - reflections. And I just started collecting them in this folder. And I didn't tend to do anything with them, but they all started to fit together in this large story.","I want to have you read from one of those vignettes, Page 31."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"had always written about my mother as a way to write about these larger issues\" Actual meaning: The speaker wrote about their mother to explore broader topics such as immigration and motherhood. Non-literal meaning: None.","questions":"What did the speaker write about to explore broader topics such as immigration and motherhood?","answer":"Immigration"}
{"text":["The site of the wreck of the Houston's been known for quite some time. Why just the official confirmation now?","Well, the Navy became concerned over the years that the wreck was being salvaged by trophy hunters and commercial concerns overseas. Recreational dive companies have been leading dives on the Houston as well as the Perth, for years. But they began to fear for the integrity of the wreck. And it is a war grave. It's also custody of the U. S.  Navy, even though it's been undersea for more than 70 years now. And so what they did was, they launched an official expedition to document the state of the wreck and the first step in that process was to authenticate the identity of the ship, and so that's what made headlines this week.","Captain Rooks received the Medal of Honor for what?","He led the Perth into battle on that night and was quickly fallen upon by a far superior Japanese naval squadron. They had several heavy cruisers, a whole bunch of destroyers and the Japanese were masters of the art of nighttime naval combat. They would demonstrate this time and again through the early months of the war."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The Navy was concerned that the wreck was being illegally salvaged and the recreational dive companies were unaware of the consequences of their actions.","questions":"How was the Navy worried about the wreck of the Houston?","answer":"illegally"}
{"text":["Well, it is. It starts off in Pumalin Park, which is temperate rain forest - so think of the coast of British Columbia - all the way down into the grassland\/steppe areas toward the tip of the country. It really encompasses almost every ecotone that one would find in the south of the country.","We should note this is now the largest private donation of land to a government ever. You and your husband ran this place as a park for a long time. I've been there. And it is indeed just one of the most beautiful places I've ever been. Why hand it over to the government of Chile?","Well, you know, we grew up within the national parks here in the United States. And there is a sense of, I would even say, ownership by every American who goes through the front gates of Yellowstone or Yosemite, that those are public parks. They belong to everybody. And Chile is no different. We hope that somehow between the creation of national parks, the development of what we call economic development as a consequence of conservation that precious masterpieces of the country will be preserved forever.","Have you gotten guarantees, though, that the government of Chile will run it in a way that's sustainable?There have been concerns about the capacity of the government of Chile to really run these parks in the same way that you've run them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This turn does not literally mean that the speaker is asking for an explanation of why the land is being handed over to the government of Chile, but rather implies a more rhetorical question that suggests that the land is so beautiful and valuable that it might seem strange to give it away. The speaker is actually acknowledging the value of the land and asking the interviewee to explain the rationale behind the decision to donate it to the government.","questions":"What is the interviewer questioning in turn 3?","answer":"Guarantees"}
{"text":["So this will help the basketball players and then also the track events. But the good thing is obviously with these developments - the wheelchairs (unintelligible) through the people, you know, everyday people that use wheelchairs, and it will mean it's more lightweight for them to lift, say, in and out of vehicles.","And some of this stuff then filters in back to the general public.","Yeah, I mean, and that's a great thing, you know, the flow sort of from elite to high street, as we refer to it, is great. So you start seeing that, for example, with push bikes. We see a lot of that now available, helmet design from bikes, you say that. Swimwear is another thing that we see a lot of technology flowing into the high street.","Let's talk about swimwear because there was a kind of swimwear that was used and is now banned, and something new is taking its place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"something new is taking its place\" - The literal meaning of this statement is that something is being replaced by something else. The intended meaning is that a new type of swimwear is being introduced to replace a previously banned type.","questions":"How is swimwear changing?","answer":"New"}
{"text":["Well, self-employed people are often other people's discretionary spending. In other words, if I'm cutting back, and I had a trainer who was coming to my house three times a week, maybe now she's coming in twice or once. That hits her bottom line. So we know that, essentially, self-employed people, if they're discretionary spending, are going to be on the front line.","The message for them is to diversify your portfolio to make sure that now, if you're counting on one person, let's get three lined up. Let's be more flexible. Let's deal with issues about how you might provide different kinds of payment schedules and other kinds of things.","But self-employed people, whether they're personal services, which we've just talked about, whether they're business services, the people who do the graphics artwork, who do the editing and other things, they're going to have to dance on a dime. Because, basically, when people start cutting budgets they're the easiest ones to cut.","Now if you're self-employed - and there are many people who have started, you know, any number of businesses - if you're self-employed, either like you said, doing personal services or running a small business with other employees who work for you, what can you do to sure yourself up financially?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Self-employed people must be adaptable in budget cuts","questions":"Which group of people are the easiest ones to cut when people start cutting budgets?","answer":"Self-employed"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely. I mean, you've been very lucky as a Cubs fan. You've always had Wrigley Field, which is an intimate stadium. And that's what these new stadiums are trying to recreate. Even Yankee Stadium, if you go on their website today, Scott, they actually tout the fact that home plate is 27 feet closer than in the old Yankee Stadium.","So they bring in the home plate. They bring in the sidelines. Everybody's much closer to the action, but they're also closer to the danger. And they haven't had a corresponding increase in the safety precautions up the lines.","Does the netting remove what can be a very exciting play in foul territory - the catcher, the third baseman, the first baseman, reaching over and snagging a pop foul?","You know, maybe there's some of that. I think there's some fear that players won't be able to make quite the plays that they were in the past. You know, we've lived with netting behind home plate. And those are the best seats in the house. And they're always filled. You don't hear catchers complaining too much about the netting behind them. The seats up the line are just as dangerous."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is implying that the increase in closeness to the action is not matched by an increase in safety, so people may be put in danger.","questions":"How does the increase in closeness to the action potentially impact people?","answer":"Danger"}
{"text":["I went out last night, actually, to try to catch some of the World Series. And some of the bars are starting to reopen. But everywhere that you go, the only power that people have is running off of generators or running off of some solar power. You really do not see people getting much power from the grid.","Do you see people at work on the power system?","You do - absolutely. I mean, this is like this incredible project that is happening all across the island. There are crews that are out there. You see them moving. But you also see that there are power lines down absolutely everywhere. I mean, you know, we are talking weeks after Maria came through, and they're just - you know, wires are still lying all over the place. You know, big towers are down. It's dominating the media. It's dominating the news everyday. This is the obsession in Puerto Rico right now - is the power.","People must be frustrated. Who are they blaming?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The power grid is unreliable due to generators and solar power being used instead.","questions":"Which sources of power are being used due to the unreliable power grid?","answer":"generators"}
{"text":["I stopped the clocks because, A - my contract was running out, and, yes, I am eligible for retirement 'cause I'm 72 now. But the hand-wound ones, they're big cast iron weights. If the weights, when they run out, fell over, it would take three men to reconnect all the wires going through the pulleys and things, so it was on a safety grounds that I stopped them.","Why did you stop both hands at 12?","Well, I stopped them at 12 o'clock because every time I get a clock on my working license, and my father-in-law before me, people seem to think, oh, that clock is at 12 o'clock. And they look at their watch or something, and they'll say, oh, it's stopped. Whereas if I left it at any time, they don't seem to pick it up quick enough.","Well, Mr.  Mitchell, may I ask, are there a lot of other people doing a job like yours or is that number dwindling these days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of (3) is that Mr. Mitchell stopped the clocks at 12 o'clock to make it easier for people to recognize that the clock was broken, as they would immediately notice that it was stopped at 12 o'clock, rather than at any other time.","questions":"What time did Mr. Mitchell stop the clocks?","answer":"12oclock"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And that's one of the great things about being digital. The librarians' time can be dedicated to working with our students in a teaching role. So a large part of my job and my colleagues' jobs includes being in the classroom, working with the students, showing them how to organize their information digitally.","It was irresistible. I thought about a couple of my favorite books - Ben Hecht, \"A Child Of The Century\" and Edwin O'Connor's wonderful novel, \"The Last Hurrah. \"There are no e-editions, at least for the moment. So if a student at Florida Polytechnic wanted to read those books, what would he or she have to do?","The student could find that book through our integrated library system. And let's say it was available here at Florida State University. They could request that the book be sent from Florida State to Florida Polytechnic.","So I'm going to guess that you're familiar with libraries that have what we call stacks?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of turn (2) is that the speaker was tempted to find out if it was possible for the student to access the books they mentioned.","questions":"How could a student at Florida Polytechnic read Ben Hecht's \"PersonA Child Of The Century\" and Edwin O'Connor's \"The Last Hurrah\"?","answer":"Request"}
{"text":["Well, the president fires the attorney general. The new guy fires the special counsel. History repeats itself. No, the president - President Nixon understood the Constitution. He understood how to govern. He knew he was walking a tightrope. So when a lot of different people in Congress, the public, the courts stood up and showed their courage and they were outraged and started to push back, he backed down. He let the investigation continue. And 10 months later, he resigned. This time it looks like a circus where the clowns are walking a tightrope in slow motion and some people are cheering as if it's a joke. But it's not a joke.","Mr.  Doyle, I must say you sounded almost wistful speaking about Richard Nixon.","(Laughter) Well, yeah. You know, I've never compared Richard Nixon to Thomas Jefferson before. Never thought I should. But I told someone yesterday that compared to Donald Trump, Richard Nixon is Thomas Jefferson.","All right. I'll leave that as your opinion."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The current situation is chaotic and not following the rules of the Constitution ","questions":"Which document is being mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Constitution"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. Staycation. It's one of those newfangled words that's caught on fast. A vacation is when you vacate. You take off, you stay in a hotel, or camp out, or see the sights. A staycation is - well, you got it. With soaring gas prices and plane tickets, this was supposed to be the summer of staying at home. But was that prediction off the mark?If you're thinking about traveling soon or for the winter holidays, what should you keep in mind?With us to talk about both of those issues we've got Madeline Nunn, senior travel agent with the Richmond, Virginia, branch of the American Automobile Association, or Triple-A. Hi, Madeline.","How are you?","I'm great. So, back in May, a Rand McNally survey found that two-thirds of Americans planning road trips this summer said they would shorten their trips or cancel them all together. Summer is wrapping up, so what actually panned out?","Well, actually, the staycation thing is sort of a myth, so to speak, because Americans are traveling. They're traveling because they are hard-working and they need the rest and the revitalization. They need this vacation. So, what we're finding is that they're not staying home, per se. Some are just staying a little closer to home. And sometimes they're limiting the length of time that they may take for this vacation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The staycation trend was not as popular as predicted","questions":"How was the staycation trend?","answer":"Myth"}
{"text":["That's even better than the Dwight Clark catch in the - with San Francisco 49ers.","Yeah. Yeah. Oh, yeah. Absolutely. I mean, you know, last year you had, you know, (unintelligible) catching, you had the miracle catch you know by a throw. . .","By David Tyree. But that was kind of a weird that was - the helmet catch, you're talking about.","The helmet catch (laughing). But this was just - I mean, it was perfect, Tony. It was perfect form, the toes and - had it been a millisecond higher, he wouldn't have been able to get anything down. I just think that from Roswell Berger's(ph) throw and hosing the ball, the extra tenth of a second, it - right now that's the most perfect ending play in Super Bowl history."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The catch was great, but this moment was even better.","questions":"How was the moment compared to the catch?","answer":"Better"}
{"text":["Thanks so much for having me.","OK. So the economy's no doing so well. Is this the opportune time to launch a major cable channel?","Well, it probably isn't. But all things being equal, I think that Major League Baseball has been lucky enough to garner a very good deal for them in the sense that they're negotiating with a number of carriers. As mentioned, it's the largest cable launch in history.","And so, even with advertising difficulties, they'll have a very strong revenue stream out of subscriber fees. And so, it's probably good for baseball. And they're hoping, I'm sure, to ride this out and have a long-term goal of making it a very profitable and successful launch.","Well, baseball certainly has a lot of games during the season. So what kind of programming will we see?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Baseball is hoping to ride out the advertising difficulties and make the largest cable launch in history profitable and successful in the long term, despite initial challenges.","questions":"Which sport is hoping to make the largest cable launch in history profitable and successful?","answer":"Baseball"}
{"text":["We look for simple answers, so we look at the Sudan sometimes as Islam versus Christianity. That's not really what's at stake. Or we look at it as the Arabs against the non-Arabs. We don't look at the problems that are the result of the boundaries that were set up. We don't look at the impact of the changing climate. We don't look at the issues of oil, we don't look at the corrupt government that's running the Sudan.","So, we don't spend the time, and then what happens is we throw up our hands when there is no easy solution. I think part of what would help, frankly, is more programs like yours, where there's a deeper examination as to the roots of the situation. And, I think, then people would be less likely to fall into fatigue. But when you're looking for simple answers and they don't arrive, I think people would rather just hide under the pillows.","Here's another case of tough decisions to be made. We have talked about attacks against African immigrants who come to South Africa. Now, it seems that there is Ugandan - attacks against Ugandans, there have been attacks against Zimbabweans and Mozambiquens.","There's a new commission by the president to try to look into this attack - series of attacks. What's that commission trying to do?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : hide under the pillows implies not being straightforward or saying lies and not to physically hide or cover their bodies with pillows in the bed","questions":"Which action does the statement \"hide under the pillows\" refer to?","answer":"Dishonesty"}
{"text":["So when we are forced to cut, we have to decide which is the best way to do it. We can do a shallow cut, like 10 percent 20 percent of the full ration. Or we can do a deep cut if we think the contributions will not be coming in anytime soon. The difficulty with doing a deep cut is that over the longer period, of course, people will become malnourished. Their immune systems will be suppressed. And if the cuts continue, or they're getting absolutely no food from WFP, inevitably, over time, they will fall sick. And, ultimately, many people will perish.","So - I mean, forgive me. It's one thing to make appealing ads that people are in danger of starving to death. What you're saying now is, because there's a crunch for aid, people are in danger of dying slowly.","That's what, in the end, will happen to the most vulnerable. It's the women and the children who will go first. The difficulty about the situation confronting us in 2018, however, is that it comes on the heels of 2017, when the world really pulled itself together, and our donors and donors for other organizations stepped up and provided a lot of funding because we were facing what was said to be the greatest humanitarian needs. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) is the same as its literal meaning, which is explaining the decision-making process behind cutting rations in a situation where there is a shortage of aid.","questions":"How are people in danger as a result of the crunch for aid mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Slowly"}
{"text":["That's right. And the U. S.  scientists had been very disappointed in the '58 Brussels fair because they felt the Russians had outshone us in terms of science. And they said we need to do something. And the Seattle guys came along and said, we want to do a fair. You want a science fair. That's what this will be about. The Space Needle was designed to be a symbol of the kind of uplift that science and technology represented to the world.","When they broke ground on the Space Needle, it was literally the same time that the Berlin Wall was being built. And it became this kind of symbol about the difference between us and the Soviets. They were putting up barbwire. We were putting up a vista to the world.","Talking with Knute Berger on SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow here at - in Seattle at the Pacific Science Center right next to the Space Needle. If it were to be built today, would anything be built differently about it, structurally or design-wise or is it almost a perfect needle?","You know, I asked the engineer who's still alive who worked on it. I asked him that exact question. I said what would you today?And he said, basically, we wouldn't anything different. He said we could take some of the weight out of it. They overbuilt it. He. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They felt the Russians had done a great deal better than they had. The Seattle guys contacted them about doing a fair. The Space Needle is a large tower with a pointed end at the top.","questions":"How did the Seattle guys propose to use the Space Needle?","answer":"Fair"}
{"text":["Here's a trivia question for you and I will let you go. There is a president, a former president, who is also - he's also joining this list of 25 recordings. Can you guess which president it was?","In recent history or past. . . ?","Recent.","Is it Bill Clinton?Because I know he did like. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B confirms that the president is a recent one and hints at Bill Clinton being the right answer.","questions":"Which president did PersonB hint at being the right answer?","answer":"Clinton."}
{"text":["Good morning, Don.","So, we're talking about two senior officials here - the director of Navy intelligence and the Navy's top intelligence officer. Pretty amazing.","It really is amazing, Don. It's important to note it has nothing to do with their current jobs in Naval intelligence at the Pentagon. It was in their earlier jobs in the Pacific, the area where the investigation began. Yeah, we have Vice Admiral Ted Branch, who's a director of Naval intelligence. He was commanding an aircraft carrier strike group in the region; and also Vice Admiral Bruce Loveless, now serving as director of intelligence operations. He was serving in that area as well. And the allegations against him we're told involve personal misconduct. We don't have a sense of exactly what that is, but the other officer is charged, so far in the case, have been charged with kickbacks and bribes. It's important to note here, the admirals have not been relieved of command or had their security clearances pulled, but, again, they no longer have access to classified information and are now on leave.","So, remind us how this scandal has developed."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implies that the situation is incredible and shocking, rather than simply saying that it is amazing.","questions":"How would you describe the situation involving the two senior officials?","answer":"Amazing"}
{"text":["I think one of the reasons, Tony, that we're seeing so of many of these come to light has, really, nothing to do with the fact that people are being - that this is happening more often so much as it is the fact that people are just paying attention to it more. You know, you watch the news and somebody says, oh, there's a stolen car ring. Now, all of a sudden, everybody's watching for people breaking into cars. Well, people break into cars every day. But when you hear about it on the news, people start paying attention.","There have always been Ponzi schemes. This is not new. This has been going on forever. It has been happening to investors. It'll continue to go on, but we're just aware of because the Madoff scandal was so large and so visible.","You know, it's funny. I was listening to your description of the Ponzi scheme - as our time is running out - and I couldn't help but think that there must be somebody listening to your description who is saying, wow, the stimulus package, that sounds like a Ponzi scheme to me.","The government covering its own losses by printing more money back, which covers losses in which it prints more money. Hey, you know, you could make that - I'm not going to make that argument, but somebody might."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : News coverage can cause people to pay more attention to things that were happening anyway.","questions":"Which scheme does PersonB compare to the stimulus package?","answer":"Ponzi."}
{"text":["I would just think about grilling as like any other type of cooking technique. It's really about time and temperature. So if you know how to cook at your stove, you understand high heat, medium heat, low heat, you can replicate that on a grill. It just has to do with how big a pile of charcoal you have and where it is in its lifecycle. So it's very hot at the beginning, and then it cools off a little bit. And then I would say simplify your seasonings. I have a whole section in my book that's all about salt, pepper, olive oil and lemon juice as being really essential and really fantastic.","OK.  Carla, you know I'm putting you on the spot here now - OK.  charcoal or gas?","Oh, this is a great question. I think that they're both great. I have charcoal. I love cooking over live fire. But if what you have is a gas grill and it gets you outside, enjoying cooking outside and making something that you love, then lean into your gas grill. It's all good.","That's Carla Lalli Music, food director at Bon Appetit magazine. She's the author of \"Where Cooking Begins: Uncomplicated Recipes To Make You A Great Cook. \"Carla, thanks so much for joining us. Happy Fourth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Carla being put on the spot meaning Carla is specifically being asked a question.","questions":"What type of cooking technique does PersonA compare grilling to?","answer":"Technique"}
{"text":["Well, I want to understand it as my friend, Fanon, as my idol, Fanon. I want to understand it, and it is quite complicated, but in another way it's quite simple.","And when I say race, I should stipulate. I don't mean simply black and white. By race, I mean any idea or notion that divides human beings into more than one kind. And then the next step of race and racism and racialized thinking is to figure out a scheme through which or by which because of this difference, manufactured difference, one group or another can take advantage of other groups.","So it sits over our shoulder, and it's part of what's the motivation for our going into Iraq. It's keeping young black men in prison in a totally disproportionate way. It's the cause of abuse against women. Race is a villain, and I wish I could wave a magic wand, but I can't. It's too deeply embedded in our nature.","You mentioned how race is linked to, among many other things, the prison system. And you've had, I'm sure, much too much experience with it, more than you'd like with both your brother and your son incarcerated.","You have sections in your book where your brother is - you and your brother are talking about the nature of hope and whether hope can be debilitating in the context of being someone who's incarcerated."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Race is a deep-seated issue in society that cannot be easily solved","questions":"How is race described in the dialogue?","answer":"Villain"}
{"text":["(Singing) I don't need much to be happy. Four walls and a roof overhead. Books and food in my belly, cool sheets upon the bed. A fire that warms up December. The sound of a thaw in the eaves. Sometimes it's hard to remember how tough we are to please. All in good time, somehow I find days that still shine with a light. All in good stead, I'm safe and I'm fed. With dreams in my head, goodnight. The feel of my hand being taken, driving at night all alone. The breeze on a warm summer evening and coming home.","(Singing) All in good time, somehow you find days that still shine with light. All in good stead, you're safe and you're fed. The dreams in your head, goodnight. Don't need much to be happy. A friend to soften a fall. Something to show for my labors. After all, I had to learn to be grateful, I had to learn how to see. Mistakes that might have proved fatal are gifts I now receive.","Thank you.","They don't make them this way anymore, but that would've been on the second side of the album?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker doesn't need much to be happy, but they need basic necessities like food, shelter, and warmth. They are content with what they have.","questions":"Which basic necessities does the speaker need to be content?","answer":"Food,shelter,warmth"}
{"text":["Yeah, they were. They were celebrities in the sense that they were the children of the tycoons and the kind of lords of the Gilded Age, the sort of people who grew up in Newport and Fifth Avenue and had names that resonated for a public that, you know, much like today, they know who has the money, who has the power.","Who was Theodore Roosevelt at the time that he was helping to organize this regiment?","So Theodore Roosevelt was - at the time, he was 38 years old. He had gone through a number of careers. He had been a politician. He had been a rancher. He was a historian. But he felt like life was actually passing him by and that he had not really found that thing that motivated him. And so when the war came along, which is something he advocated for, he knew immediately that he had to not just sit at a desk but actually go out and participate.","So I get that you had heard of the Rough Riders. If you read very much American history, you encounter them because of, well, Theodore Roosevelt, for starters. But what made you think there was more to this story than a few brilliant names?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Children of wealthy tycoons and lords of Gilded Age","questions":"What was the social status of the celebrities mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"celebrities"}
{"text":["Constitutional?","I think across the board. This is emblematic of the broader problem that we face, which is Congress not doing its job in pushing off issues that the American people want to adjudicate to the president who then uses dubious authorities to do things that he couldn't otherwise do. It's about the very basis, the very nature of our regime.","What effect do you think this declaration of national emergency might have on that?","I think it makes everybody just a little more cynical, right?Here we have a situation where Congress has been facing this issue for months. We had the longest shutdown in American history. And they chose not to do anything about it. So far as I can tell, people who opposed the wall didn't try to win that debate. People who supported the war didn't try to win that debate. And the president didn't seem to be overly interested in trying to win that debate."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Congress is not doing its job and is passing their responsibilities to the president who then abuses his power","questions":"What is the broader problem that the American people want Congress to adjudicate to the president?","answer":"Congress"}
{"text":["Some folks get a little bit cranky about having to work on the holiday. It's a day that, you know, most of us spend with our family and friends. How do you feel about working on a day that most people get off?","Folks that work in NASA have a common bond of a real passion for the space program. So, we wouldn't be here if we didn't have that. And obviously, we'd like to be with our families, but if we can't be there, then the next best place to be is working on a space mission.","So, you know, we've been doing a space station for 10 years straight, and there's been someone here every year for every holiday. And beyond holidays even, you know, one of the crew members on board is having their wedding anniversary just yesterday, and tomorrow's one of the birthdays of one of the flight directors working the flight.","So, we all kind of take care and bond together and take care of each other. And we're having a Thanksgiving dinner here that management's all bringing in for the flight controllers that are working, and we try to shift people out so that, you know, there's three shifts so that people do get some time at home."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Working on a space mission is a fulfilling experience","questions":"How do NASPersonA workers feel about working on holidays?","answer":"Passion"}
{"text":["You mean the wall, the proposed wall.","Correct - fencing. And I believe that, in terms of targeting sanctuary cities, I think law enforcement - local law enforcement should refer to federal authorities people who they detain, undocumented immigrants who have criminal record. So I support that. At the same time, I do believe that we need to find a way to deal constructively with undocumented immigrants, the majority of whom pose no threat to our communities. And right now the Republican Party seems to be stuck, not willing to deal constructively with undocumented immigrants. And that's the key. So I'm hopeful that, you know, if we secure the border, we remove undocumented immigrants who have criminal records - that, eventually, Congress could deal in a more humane, constructive way with undocumented immigrants.","Just very briefly, do you think that this bill is a nonstarter?","I think so. I think it's not going anywhere. I think he did it to please his base, to energize his base. But, frankly, it goes nowhere."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  A: \"I think he did it to please his base, to energize his base. But, frankly, it goes nowhere.\"  The literal meaning of \"it goes nowhere\" is that the bill will not physically move or go anywhere. However, in this context, it means that the bill will not be successful or gain support.","questions":"What is the implied reason behind the bill's failure according to A?","answer":"Base"}
{"text":["Is there a sense, though, that this really could happen anywhere?","I certainly have that sense. And I worry about it all the time. It's a little easier to control if they're in their home where they're typically at, whether that be the school or whether their home environment. But you're exactly right.","Were you surprised that this should come up now?I mean, is the world so different today than it was a year ago or two years ago that people feel the need to really hold the kids at home and keep them safe?","I'm not judging anyone. And if they feel that way, they feel that way. It's surprising to me. I've gone to Washington, D. C. , and I've taken all my kids. So it's - I think they feel like this is my responsibility as a parent. I'll do it. At least, I know my kids are safe. And it's not falling on the responsibility of people that are not their parents. So if that's their choice, I totally understand that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The statement implies that it's easier to manage the situation if the children are in a familiar environment.","questions":"How is it easier to manage the situation?","answer":"Familiar."}
{"text":["Right.","It was just incredible. So our video this week is kind of the back story, the making of his Lego shuttle video, which has gotten tons of hits in the last. I mean, you know, which is the best. . .","It's a camera on - it's a Lego guy with a camera on a weather balloon, right?","Right. So they take this huge helium balloon, you know, a big, rubber weather balloon, fill it with helium, and then it goes up 115,000 feet. It takes two and a half hours to go up, and then, you know, it's shorter on the way down but. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) \"Right.\" This turn does not convey any literal meaning, but it serves as a signal that the listener is following the speaker's train of thought and agrees with what has been said. It is a type of backchanneling, which is a signal that the listener is actively listening and engaged in the conversation.","questions":"Which turn serves as a signal of active listening and agreement but does not convey any literal meaning?","answer":"Right."}
{"text":["Kids are natural scientists. They're natural born inquisitors. They like to find out about everything, and we just don't have a way of doing it. Maybe your math book can help do that. Have - do teachers use it at all and think about it?","We do have teachers using it. They say that they warm up the class with a math problem in the morning. We've heard all kinds of stories. There's a bus driver outside Chicago who actually puts the math problem up on a whiteboard on the bus every morning. And he has a bag of Oriental Trading prizes.","Right.","And the first kid on the bus to get it gets to pull something out of the bag. So it's really a movement that's spreading."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The movement to get kids to do math is becoming known and done by a large amount of people.","questions":"What is the movement spreading?","answer":"Math"}
{"text":["And in talking to Smith, he's really thought a lot about what - why we have such a strong reaction to looking at embryos, and he's found this firsthand. I mean, and he gets emails all the time and sort of unpacks these questions, like, you know, is it - when you look at these pictures, does it strike you as more human or less human than you would have imagined, he asks. This is what he asked audience when he shows them. What is your experience with seeing these pictures in the past?You know, he said imagine 300 or 400 years ago, would - how would people imagine what an embryo is?This is a technologically. . .","Yeah. Yeah.",". . .  mediated experience.","And not only that, he's taken the technology faster - further, as you show. He's done MRIs, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In this context, \"Yeah. Yeah.\" is not meant to indicate agreement or affirmation, but rather a sign of impatience or boredom, suggesting that B is not particularly interested in the conversation or does not want to continue discussing the topic.","questions":"Which word suggests PersonB's lack of interest in the conversation?","answer":"yeah"}
{"text":["I mean, I'm fortunate in that my voice is associated with big, worldwide soccer events. So if my voice becomes associated with big, American soccer events, there is a school of thought that that helps to add a certain validity to the occasion and to the broadcast. Now, whether that's the case is probably not for me to say, but that is the suggestion and the theory behind this.","But why do you think it hasn't really caught on here in America the same way?Because kids do it. You have soccer clubs all over the United States. Kids grow up playing soccer. And then, it kind of just stops.","Yeah. It does at the moment, or it has done up until this point. And it is the most played sport in that age group. For teenagers, soccer is the No. 1 participation event. And, gradually, that is translating into a greater interest in the professional game of soccer in this country. So one of the attractions of this job coming now, for me, is that if you look at the context of league soccer in this country, it began, effectively, in 1996. So this is season number 24 that begins over this weekend. If you translate that into the English game, league soccer there started in 1888. So, in the same terms, we're in 1911 now, here in America. So. . .","We're a young country in many ways (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Duck can swim is for sure impling that I can take care of myself is for sure.","questions":"How is the PersonA's voice associated with big soccer events?","answer":"Validity"}
{"text":["It was the claim that Clinton had been personally responsible for people's deaths that set off alarm bells for Russell. So he decided to do some fact-checking.","I came to the realization pretty quickly that someone may have been probably lying to me on social media.","It turned out there were many false stories circulating that year. But Russell was skeptical of claims that Russia had anything to do with them until lists of Russian troll accounts began to appear online. He was shocked.","My god, they're right. They're exactly right. What they've been telling me about this is literally happening. I can go look this stuff up. It's right there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : troll accounts implies that the user intentionally spreads misinformation to others","questions":"How was false information spread online?","answer":"Online"}
{"text":["Look, Farai, for years immigrants have been moving into South Africa going back to the apartheid era, to work in the mines, to work in various industries. So, immigration is not new to South Africa. But when you have the level of frustration and the depth of poverty and wealth polarization, it was a time bomb. It was just a matter of when it was going to blow up.","There was a commentary in allafrica. com that said that poverty is at the root of this. Do you agree with that?","Yes. Oh yeah, absolutely, I'd say that I mean there's many roots, and it's very likely that there was a group or grouping that actually incited these pogroms, these attacks, but fundamentally, this is about poverty. This is about frustration. This is about people saying we've been waiting for more than 10 years, for 14 years, for the fruits of our national liberation struggle to come forward, and we're not seeing it.","We're not seeing land distributed the way that it should be. We're not seeing the fundamental changes in water and electricity and other things that we've needed. We've not seen the development of housing on the level that we've needed, and this has just been boiling over."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a time bomb implies being a danger in the future and not a bomb set to explode in few minutes ","questions":"Which term describes the nature of the time bomb mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Future"}
{"text":["And no birthdays, no Christmas, no nothing. And at age 15, I couldn't take it anymore, so I moved in with my real father, but I didn't know he was a pimp. And the transition from living in essentially a middle-class, suburban area, because he sold BMWs and Porsche automobiles, he did very well. Moving from that middle-class area and the. . .","And the picket fences, all the way to the other end of East 14th, where it was like. . .","Cars sliding by, was a huge transition. Going from one spectrum to another. And I was essentially a nerd coming out of knocking on doors and moving into where my brothers and everybody was like, David, we're about to have another party. And like, oh, really?How do I fit in here, you know?","Right, right."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A had a difficult childhood with no celebrations, and later moved in with his father who was involved in illegal activities.","questions":"What was PersonA's father's profession?","answer":"Pimp"}
{"text":["Yes. (Laughter). I suppose you're right. I mean, that may follow. But I. . .","(Laughter).",". . . Wanted to explore a masculine archetype. And that's what Daddy is. He is larger than life. He's almost too big to exist. He's straight out of mythology. He's very strong and reassuring, and he sticks by his children, et cetera. But he's also - you know, he's got this troubled streak. This sort of - this violence in him. He's entirely defined by his body, his physicality, his strength. And Cathy arrived, saying, actually, what happens when these ideals are instilled in someone who doesn't inhabit the right physicality?Or she's somebody who has a very similar temperament to her father, but she doesn't have his strength. And she's a girl. And how does she stitch together those dual identities?","Yeah. There is - not to give too much away, but there's an act of violence in the book in which a woman takes a man's life. She sees it as her only way to survive. And I have to ask if recent events and recent debates and soul searching we've had in both our countries makes the scene even more telling."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the literal meaning is that the other person laughs in response to something that was said.","questions":"Which action causes laughter in the dialogue?","answer":"Laughter"}
{"text":["Hi, Farai.","So what's the scene like now?","Well the scene right now is, people are still setting things up, they're testing the music system right now and - but it's a beautiful scene, it's a beautiful day here in Chicago. Grant Park, of course, it's on Chicago's lakefront with the skyline as a backdrop. It's a beautiful day weather-wise. I mean, this time of year in Chicago, you could get, you know, temperatures in the 20s or 30s, so our - you know, unusually like today, we have temperatures in the 70s. So it couldn't be better, that means probably we'll have a great big turnout. And some people are already lining up to try to get in. these are ticketed people who are trying to get in. They just wanted to be here so early so they could get the best possible location in front of the stage.","How are things working in terms of how many people are going to be let in, what the ticketing process has been, all of that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the scene in this context means genre of music","questions":"How does PersonB inquire about the ticketing process and the number of people allowed in the event?","answer":"Working"}
{"text":["I want to mention that Mark Bryant of the Gun Violence Archive is remaining with us for this hour to offer context if we need him. And so, Congressman, you unveiled a detailed plan to address gun violence as part of your presidential campaign. You had a chance to talk about some of these issues in the debate that you participated in. Tell us about, if you would, just, like, what's your signature idea here?And tell us why you think that's so important.","You know, the signature principle is we don't have to live this way. And so many of my constituents have been calling and texting and saying that they're afraid to go to public places. They're afraid to take their kids shopping with them - that they're mindful of that now and in ways that they've never been before. And, you know, one of the ways that we could reduce that fear would be to ban and buy back the 15 million assault weapons in America.","You know, many folks have called for an assault weapon ban on future manufacturing and sales, but I don't think that would go far enough. I think we need to get every single weapon of war off the streets. And it's not something - this is not an original idea. You know, Australia did it in the '90s and New Zealand is underway doing it now after their mosque shooting.","Well, advocates of expansive gun rights would argue that the United States is different, and that the right to own a gun is both - is a constitutional right. What do you say about that?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"remaining with us\" means staying or continuing to be present","questions":"What is the name of the person from Gun Violence Archive who is staying with them?","answer":"Mark-Bryant"}
{"text":["We all do need advice. And, obviously, you're so vulnerable when you have a kid. You're scared. You don't know what to do. So what is this stuff based on?","You know, it's based on people's experiences. But some of it is actually really based on old, old advice. So if you look at the history of parenting books, you can see that advice is kind of recycled over and over again, tweaked a little bit for the fashion of the time. So, for instance, this idea that babies need to feed at a certain time - that's from the 1700s.","Oh, OK. So this is old advice that keeps on getting recycled through the ages. But is it necessarily bad advice?","No, it's not - I'm not here to say that it's bad advice. But there's a big hole in these parenting books and from the experts. And that's that this advice is almost solely based on the Western experience, the Western culture. And if you look around the world, there's so many other ways to do things."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : What is missing from the books is that the advice is for western culture. Advice for others is not included ","questions":"How is the advice in parenting books limited?","answer":"Western"}
{"text":["Well, generally speaking, you're going to have 100,000 dollars insurance in most financial institutions. There are a very a few uninsured institutions. I believe there are credit unions that are privately insured, but they're rare as hen's teeth. By and large, it doesn't matter. As long as you stay under the 100,000 dollar limit, I think you'll be fine.","I'd be curious to see what Goldman's teller window looks like and whether they give away toasters, but I somehow think it will be a little different from the corner bank.","When the government says, for example, that it has moved to secure mutual funds and people need not worry about their money, how can the average person have confidence in that right now?","Well, to be specific, they're really only backing money market mutual funds. And even more specifically, I believe that some of those have to - the ones that do have to pay into the fund that insures it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : it represents the person is very enthusiastic and interested to be engaged in doing it","questions":"What represents the person's enthusiasm and interest in doing something?","answer":"Enthusiasm"}
{"text":["So, I don't how it would go anyway.","You sounded fine to me. But let me ask you, because - in part because Allison is still here with me, and we always talk about this on Friday, these kinds of things. Do you know what you're going to wear?","I do, I do. I'm nominated in the Urban\/Alternative Performance category, and I decided to just go with that. So, I've picked a young designer who is a good friend of mine. Her name is Carmen Webber of Sistahs Harlem, and she was on \"Project Runway,\" actually, and we've been friends for years. She has made me a fantastic jumpsuit for the Grammys. That's all I'm going to say.","OK, OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is not really interested in what A is wearing and is just making small talk.","questions":"How does PersonB respond to PersonA's statement about the designer?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, our house never got flooded. We never lost power. We have this lifted Jeep because we like to go off-roading. We have this kayak because we like to go kayaking. All these tools that we had, we were fortunate enough to have. So we thought, why not?You know, these people need help. Not many people here are able to help them, so we did what we could.","What's it look like now?The water is receding, we're told, but there must be an awful lot left.","Oh, yeah. There's just devastation to all the homes. Power lines are down, broken by trees. Just devastation everywhere. I mean, mold in the homes is already setting in. Just everything is destroyed.","Alison, do you worry about some of the chemicals and the detritus that's left behind?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4), B is not simply asking whether Alison is concerned about the chemicals and debris left behind, but rather is implying that there are serious health and environmental risks associated with the aftermath of the disaster. The use of the word \"detritus\" suggests that there is a significant amount of potentially harmful debris left behind, and B's use of the word \"chemicals\" implies that there may be toxic substances that have been released into the environment. Therefore, the actual meaning of B's question is more concerned with the potential risks and dangers associated with the disaster, rather than simply whether Alison is worried about the debris.","questions":"Which word suggests that there may be toxic substances released into the environment?","answer":"toxic"}
{"text":["A lot of people are very skeptical of the talks. The government, before even going to Geneva, voiced their concern that they're not going to Geneva to negotiate or deal. They just wanted to go to Geneva to make sure that the Houthis will comply when the U. N.  see a resolution. So to begin with, the political parties were in Geneva not to talk, not for dialogue, not to negotiate. They were there for blinking contests.","And what's the mood there in the capital?","A lot of people are depressed 'cause pretty much everybody was hoping that there's going to be some sort of a truce, especially now that it's the month of Ramadan. It is the holy month for four weeks where people fast. People - they don't actually have food to begin with. But it's a religious month where people fast, so we were hoping for some sort of a cease-fire, some sort of a truce where the blockade will be lifted so that the aid will come in, so that the commercial vessels now stuck at the seaports will be allowed to move in. Yemen imports 90 percent of its food, so we're in dire need of those commercial vessels to be allowed into the country. Unfortunately, the Geneva talks ended without the lifting of the blockade, without a truce being agreed upon.","We should explain to our listeners that blockade has been led by Saudi naval forces to keep weapons out of the hands of rebels. You have said that you're both anti-Houthi and anti-airstrikes. How do you solve one problem without the other?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) \"blinking contests\" - This phrase is a metaphorical way of describing a situation where neither side is willing to back down or concede to the other, creating a tense and unproductive atmosphere. It does not refer to an actual contest of blinking.","questions":"How does the phrase \"blinking contests\" describe the situation in Geneva?","answer":"Tense"}
{"text":["Well, I met him on the phone first. I asked him what he did and he said: Walter, I'm a freelance central banker. Other things that came up during the phone call - the fact that he'd never tasted Coca-Cola, never eaten in a restaurant - got me to thinking, I, as a fiction writer, have to meet this guy. It would be professional malpractice if I didn't.","Now, you met him finally. He said he lived in the same apartment building as Tony Bennett, as a matter of fact. This struck you as a building where a rich person might live but. . .","Well, you know, it was a block off of Central Park. He invited me up and there was no furniture, no real food in the kitchen. But there was what appeared to be, em, maybe $80, $90 million worth of Jackson Pollocks, Rothkos, and de Koonings hanging on the walls.","Was he brilliant at some level?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Was he brilliant at some level? - Implied meaning: Was he very wealthy or successful?","questions":"Which characteristic of the person did the artwork on the walls suggest?","answer":"Wealthy"}
{"text":[". . . they don't mean. . .","Herring, (unintelligible).","Well, they don't mean exactly what you may think by that. Herrings have a whole separate system connected to the swim bladder where they're pushing air around and sometimes letting it loose. And this is how they rise and fall in the water. And so it's by letting the air loose that they apparently also communicate. And at the Ig Nobel ceremony, one of the teams, who's from the Sweden, told us how they got involved with this, and this turned out to be the best part of the story.","So there's these two Swedish marine biologists, and they study fish, porpoises, whatnot. And about 15 or 20 years ago, the Swedish prime minister, Carl Bildt, was sort of on the warpath, repeatedly for years, telling the Swedish public that they were being invaded by submarines from their big neighbor, from Russia. And he kept saying this and there wasn't really any proof. There was an incident, years before, that was a sort of an oddball thing, but he kept saying there are submarines, and he kept saying they're even coming into Stockholm harbor, into our capital. He had the navy, the Swedish navy, put microphones in the water in Stockholm harbor. And they came up with a recording with sounds like rapids, metallic tapping, and so they thought and the prime minister thought, OK, we've got proof. Prime minister's planning to get up in public and announce that the Russians are basically attacking us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker tells a story about a Swedish prime minister who believed that his country was being invaded by submarines from Russia. The prime minister put microphones in Stockholm harbor and recorded sounds that he thought were proof of the Russian invasion. However, the actual meaning of the recorded sounds was different from the literal meaning, as they were caused by something else entirely.","questions":"What did the Swedish prime minister believe was happening in his country?","answer":"Russia"}
{"text":["Let me move on to another issue. I was covering both the Democratic and Republican Conventions, and one of the biggest applause lines during the Republican Conventions had to do with drilling for oil. Drill now, drill now, drill now. There is a serious set of distinctions between Senator Obama's policy towards energy and the McCain campaigns policy towards energy. Very briefly, very briefly, describe them to me, as they would affect consumers.","OK, I would say three distinct differences. One, the emphasis of McCain has been on drilling. The facts show that he U. S.  consumes 25 percent of the world's oil and has 3 percent of the reserves. So it's obvious that we cannot drill our way out of that problem.","Obama's focus has been on what can we do in the immediate run, and in the long run, to wean our dependence on oil. And that means investing in an extensive program to convert the economy with green jobs and research, deployment, development of alternative energy. And it also means efficiencies, conservation, raising fuel standards and things to reduce our demand.","So emphasizing the whole portfolio of energies and reducing our demand, but we know that ultimately we've got to move to a different source of energy, and that's the only way to do it. And that is a very big difference between the two candidates."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Moving to a different source of energy is necessary and a major difference between the two candidates","questions":"What is the necessary solution for a major difference between the two candidates?","answer":"Energy"}
{"text":["And so that - what you're doing now is you're experiencing the retro-nasal olfaction, which is the way that we smell through our mouth as the vapors from the food, the volatile aromas, go back up our sinus cavity and reach our nose through our mouth. That's called retro-nasal olfaction or what I refer to as mouth-smelling.","It's true. You know, we've all done this when we were kids in school, but unless you really do it as an adult and think about it and watch it, it's a whole different reaction. You really do notice the difference. It's - I also, I've also noticed that your sight, you know, what you expect food - years ago, I used to do this show called \"Newton's Apple\" on PBS, and one of the things that they - they handed me once an ice cream cone with vanilla ice cream in it.","And they said have a taste. And I tasted it, and I could not figure out what was on the cone. And it turned out it was a scoop of mashed potatoes.","Oh, wow. That's a good one."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In (3), B tasted an ice cream cone with vanilla ice cream and thought it was mashed potatoes. The actual meaning here is that the appearance and texture of the ice cream fooled B's sense of taste, which expected mashed potatoes rather than sweet, creamy ice cream. The literal meaning would be that B tasted mashed potatoes in an ice cream cone, which is not the case.","questions":"Which sense of PersonB was fooled by the appearance and texture of the ice cream?","answer":"Taste"}
{"text":["Thank you.","What's your game plan to recapture the glory days of Fischer versus Spassky?","Well, I think what I remember most clearly from my childhood, which inspires me in transforming chess into a spectator sport is having a radio under my pillow and listening to the Orioles games in Baltimore. Here in England, I try and remind people of listening to cricket on the radio. These were enormously popular ways of consuming sports, and you didn't really need to see anything. You have the same thing with chess. If you happen to have a computer at hand, you get brilliant new data visualization, which allows you to see with the eyes of a grandmaster. So, it's not at all the sort of paint-drying experience that you imagine.","How do you hope to get people who don't care so deeply about chess or might even not know how the game is played except the vaguely know that a checkmate is something good and the king is something that you aspire to be on the board. How do you get them interested?","Well, we don't probably. And I don't think it really matters. We hired a great media research company and we came to the amazing conclusion there are more people in America who play chess regularly now than there are people who play tennis and golf.","But to point out the obvious: the play chess, they don't watch it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A's response is not directly answering B's question about the game plan to recapture the glory days of Fischer versus Spassky. Instead, A is sharing their inspiration to transform chess into a spectator sport and explaining how it can be consumed without the need for visual aids.","questions":"How did PersonA consume sports in their childhood?","answer":"Radio"}
{"text":["Thanks for allowing me to be on your show.","You didn't have kind words for Donald Trump in that interview, but why did you think Democrats who want to impeach him are misguided?","I've sat through impeachment. I understand that it's not a walk in the park. It takes a supermajority to impeach a president, and it's just not going to happen. And I think that we would be better off focusing on health care, the huge, huge amounts of money in politics that is ruining the body politic, climate change, which is sweeping the world.","So what I think you're saying is you need to - the Democrats have to have another message that isn't solely about removing the president."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Democrats should focus on other important issues like healthcare, money in politics, and climate change rather than impeaching Trump.","questions":"How did the speaker suggest Democrats should prioritize their focus instead of impeaching Trump?","answer":"Healthcare,Money,Climate"}
{"text":["An impression, that's an interesting question there. And certainly, you talked about that room I was in, it was certainly interesting for me to be standing in there quite literally in the middle of this room surrounded by all these heads of state from around Africa. But I quite literally - I mean, the journalist in you kicks in - I'm there certainly covering it, but it kicks in and I made a beeline, I absolutely did, when I laid eyes on him. I went right over to him and certainly was curious to get an impression of him. But as soon as he determined and as soon as he understood who I was and what I was probably going to be asking him, his whole demeanor kind of changed.","He was there - and certainly, the Leo Sullivan Foundation and the Sullivan Summit is something you - it's not supposed to necessarily be political. And a lot of these heads of state agree to participate because - they are, they're looking for the betterment of that particular country that they're in. And it's all really something we're all supposed to get together and celebrate and try to help, and not supposed to really be a political undertone to any of it. So, I wasn't trying to create that, but still the journalist in me wanted to ask him some questions about what has been happening in Sudan, and certainly the Darfur region. But I never got that opportunity.","Sounds like he shut it down a little bit.","He shut it down like you wouldn't believe."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"shut it down\" - This is an idiom that means he stopped the conversation, rather than literally shutting something down like turning off a machine.","questions":"What does the idiom \"shut it down\" mean?","answer":"Stopped"}
{"text":["Well, the regulations that I'm most concerned with are the ones that could be causing issues in getting approvals, new chemistries approved for crops that we grow. Cuts to different agencies could cause approval processes to take longer, which certainly in times where you have different pests and things that need taken care of, whether it's plant pests or, in our case, we have cattle as well, and if there's problems there and we don't have the ability to treat our plants or animals well or with the latest tools - you definitely want things to be safe. But it seems more like it's being pushed to the back burner for political reasons. It's very frustrating as a farmer sometimes when you see needs for things and you know there's fixes coming but regulatory issues are holding them up.","I have to ask, has your business been affected by climate in recent years?","(Laughter) Well, in the agricultural business, everybody's affected by climate. You know, I think anybody that says there's not changes happening is somewhat naive. On the other hand, it's the things that we can do to figure out what things we can do long term to make sure we're, you know, in good position to continue to grow the crops that we have here in the U. S.  and hopefully be profitable in the future and continue to be, you know, the largest producer of food in the world.","Kevin Ross, who grows corn and soybeans and raises cattle in Minden, Iowa, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of the turn is asking if Kevin Ross' business has been affected by climate in recent years. However, the implied meaning is to question if Kevin Ross has noticed any changes in the environment due to climate change.","questions":"How has climate affected Kevin Ross' business?","answer":"Changes"}
{"text":["Yes. William Jefferson, going for his 10th term in the New Orleans district, was defeated by Anh Joseph Cao - that's spelled C-A-O - who will become the first Vietnamese American to serve in Congress. He's a Republican. He's a lawyer, very little known about him, very little campaigning done.","He is, in a sense, a kind of accidental winner here. What happened was that they had several phases of this election to winnow down an enormous Democratic field. Out of that big field, William Jefferson still emerged the favorite of the Democrats. This is a very heavily African-American district, at least historically. And he emerged as the Democratic nominee, Joe Cao as the Republican.","And here in the end, in a terribly small turnout on Saturday, in a turnout where visually, it appeared that the African-American community was very under represented, very small turnout, maybe one in 10. In that situation and with a lot, also, of the black constituents there voting for the Republican, Billy Jefferson was narrowly defeated, and we have a new congressman from New Orleans, a Republican named Joe Cao.","Well, we should note also that Congressman Jefferson is facing 16 federal indictments. Was that the main reason behind his defeat?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : a heavily African-American district' implies that the majority of the district's population is African-American","questions":"How would you describe the demographic of the New Orleans district?","answer":"African-American"}
{"text":["I will walk down the red carpet, yes, yes.","Oh, man, that's exciting, huh?Tell us what it was like when you found out, and tell us you found that you had been nominated for Grammy Award, your first.","Well, it's a pretty funny story, because since I'm an indie artist and this is my first foray into the industry, let alone this part of it, I wasn't really expecting anything and I didn't even know when the Grammys were being announced. That's how far off I was. And I was sitting at home in my jammies, actually, watching \"Top Chef. \"I might have been watching even watching it on TV, I don't know, but the phone rang and it was my producer, who also co-writes my songs with me. And he said, um, I think you've been nominated for Grammy. I was like, shut up.","I was, like - I didn't even know I've been submitted. Like, nobody told me that I had been submitted. I just wasn't even thinking about it. So, it was really crazy. It took a couple of hours, actually, for me to believe him. Like, I actually hung up on him."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : When this person says \"shut up\" they are expressing surprise and happiness, not hostility. ","questions":"How did the person react when they said \"shut up\"?","answer":"Surprised"}
{"text":["So in your polling, in your research, do you find that it's going to come down to maybe a couple thousand votes from these unaffiliated voters and on what issues?Or will they vote?","It is likely at the moment to be a very narrow victory. President Bush won in 2004 with five percent. That was 100,000 votes. In other words, if it is one percent, that would be 20,000 votes, and right now, the polls are moving around in just single percentage points. So it could be that narrow.","Now, I have read that Colorado is going to be this year's Florida and Ohio, that this is going to be the state that decides the election.","I think it could be, and the interesting thing is that Obama and Palin were both in Jefferson County a couple of days ago, indicating that there may be actually even a county that could be looked at to be beyond an entire state."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meaning of the turn is different from its literal meaning. The turn is using a hypothetical scenario to explain how a narrow victory in the upcoming election could be possible based on current polling data.","questions":"How was the possibility of a narrow victory explained in the dialogue?","answer":"Likely"}
{"text":["Is there a danger of South Koreans becoming too complacent?","I think that they do talk about that. But there's also reality, which is when you have this incredibly materialistic society, it's literally a, you know, (speaking Korean) style (speaking Korean) land, then, you know, the reality of this war with this nation under Kim Jong Un kind of doesn't strike anyone as a realistic thing. And, yes, there is a danger to it. But at the same time, life does go on. And life is a very, very, very fast and active one in South Korea.","So we've been talking about war. What about peace?Do the South Koreans even think about the possibility of detente anymore, the possibility of the border reopening?","I mean, I think the issue of one Korea reunification is one of those politically manipulated one. You know, the left parties used it. The right has used it, certainly, in South Korea. So it's almost like this sort of symbol whenever they need to use sort of national security in order to unite people or get their agenda across. So it's almost become a tired one, where everyone - if you were to talk to them and you interview South Koreans, they'll all say, reunification is necessary. Do they want it?They would pause. Do they want to pay for 25 million North Koreans?Do they want refugees?They don't really want that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is suggesting that the issue of reunification is often politically manipulated and has become a tired symbol. Despite many South Koreans acknowledging the necessity of reunification, they may not be willing to deal with the potential consequences such as the financial burden of supporting North Koreans and accepting refugees.","questions":"How do South Koreans view reunification?","answer":"Necessity"}
{"text":["Sure.",". . . Had Don Blankenship prevailed.","Well, they're all tough. I say you run scared or unopposed. They're all tough. But you're right. This will be a tough race.","Yeah. Have your calculations about how to run the race changed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person campaigned without opposition and was scared while doing so.","questions":"How did the person campaign?","answer":"Scared"}
{"text":["That's right, Book Club is coming. . .","SCIENCE FRIDAY Book Club has picked the September read, right?","Yep. It's \"Flatland. \"","Ooh, that's an old one."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The chosen book for the Book Club is Flatland.","questions":"What is the title of the book chosen for the Book Club?","answer":"Flatland"}
{"text":["Me, party?No.","So, what's going on with this new netbook by VAIO?I've seen it all over, you know, the tech blogs, and I understand that you've taken a look at it, and tell us what it is, of course.","Yeah, absolutely. I mean, this Sony VAIO P is what they are actually calling the model number of this. This is smaller laptop. This is probably the ideal laptop size. It's kind of - it's larger than a typical BlackBerry, but it's smaller than your 15-inch standard laptop that you're looking - that you currently carry around. This is 1. 4 pounds, very, very light. It's only an eight-inch screen. So, most laptops usually starts off at 10 or 12 inches for the small. So, this is very small. It's very thin, Farai. I mean, you could put this in a purse or backpack, and it's so stylish. But really what's blown, I think, a lot of people away about this particular device is that, A, it's easy to carry; it runs with regular Windows operating system software on it; beautiful resolution, and it has built in Verizon High-Speed, what they call EBDO - it's a technical term - but basically cellular-broadband connection all built in to this one device. I'm just in awe, floored by this particular product.","You have a crush."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : you have a crush usually means that the person likes something or someone.","questions":"Which turn implies that the person is in awe of a particular product?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["And now a drought in the U. K.  has a silver lining for archaeologists. Toby Driver is an aerial archaeologist for the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales. He spends his time in a small aircraft flying over the country, searching for evidence of ancient structures. And the heat has made his job a little bit easier. Here's what he sees.","You have a shimmering sort of multi-colored fields. That's why the crops aren't ripening evenly - yellows and browns and oranges coming up in the field. And from some distance out, you can see big, dark-green circles, big, dark-green squares appearing in the fields.","Those dark-green shapes hold valuable archaeological information. Ancient structures were often surrounded by trenches for protection and drainage. Even after the structures are gone, the trenches retain moisture. So in a heat wave, when the rest of the crops turn brown, the areas on top of the structures stay green.","It's a bit like an X-ray of the field is revealed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Ancient structures can be identified by the trenches around them that retain moisture.","questions":"Which kind of information can be obtained from the dark-green shapes in the fields?","answer":"Archaeological"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . Of having people close who actually are talking to each other. . .","Yeah.",". . . Which is - like, when I was little, I thought they were very best friends. Then I got older and I'm like, oh, they just - they get along. But like. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A is reflecting on the nature of relationships between people close to each other.","questions":"How is PersonA describing the relationships between people close to each other?","answer":"Gettingalong"}
{"text":["But you do know that this is public information.","Yes. But we are not contributing to fuel any hate. We are contributing because we want President Trump to be reelected. I like the job he's doing as president. I love the way he loves America, the same way that I love America. I named my company Great America Companies in 1972 when I first immigrated to America because I felt this was a great place.","President Trump has used the words invasion and killer, according to new statistics, over 500 times when speaking about immigration and immigrants since 2017. That is as president. People see his rhetoric as divisive and specifically when speaking about Latino immigrants. Does that not concern you?","Not at all because he's not being taken in the full context of these expressions. What he wants is legal immigration. He's not objecting to immigration of Latinos or Hispanics. He only objects to illegal immigration."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Fueling hate does not mean to give it gas but to make more people hate each other.","questions":"How does PersonA justify their contribution to the campaign?","answer":"love"}
{"text":["Well, what would that serious diplomacy look like?I mean, I - the United States would have to - what?- accept a. . .","It's a fair question, you know, why diplomacy would work now when it's failed in the past. I think that the breakout is a game-changer for the United States because we're directly - become directly vulnerable to North Korea. But it's also a game-changer for China because they'll either - they'll have to live with the strategic consequences of a breakout, which could - are unknown. South Korea could reassess its non-nuclear status.","So I think the conjunction of factors that we can bring China into play would have the goal of obtaining a nuclear - a freeze to lock in North Korea at its current level of capabilities. And for China - I think the conjunction of factors is that for China, they would retain their buffer in North Korea. And they would prevent these adverse strategic consequences. North Korea would maintain its minimum deterrent, and the regime would remain in power. For the United States, it would prevent this breakout, and it would offer us a not-great narrative. But we would say that this is an interim agreement toward the long-term goal of denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula.","Well Mr.  Litwak, in the minute we have left, can you really trust any - the process of reaching or signing any agreement with a regime like North Korea's?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The United States would need to compromise and accept a nuclear-armed North Korea.","questions":"Which country would be directly vulnerable to North Korea according to PersonA's argument?","answer":"United"}
{"text":["So on Sept.  5, the Trump administration ended DACA. Anybody whose DACA ended between Sept.  5 and March 5 were able to apply for an extension. Mine, unfortunately, expires on March 22. So I was basically two weeks shy of being able to apply for an extension.","What has been the advice that you've gotten in terms of what needs to happen next or what you can do?","Well, what people don't really realize is my DACA has expired before. You know, it takes quite a while for all of these things to be processed. And so I filled everything out. And my DACA actually expired. And I had to - you know, my employer was not able to employ me. So I had to stop and go on a leave of absence. It was extremely humiliating. And obviously, that disruption to your life is, you know, pretty devastating when you're not getting paid.","On Thursday, President Trump also referred to African nations using a highly offensive term. You are originally from Nigeria. What's your reaction to that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Losing DACA could result in job loss and humiliation","questions":"Which event could cause humiliation and job loss according to turn 2?","answer":"DACA"}
{"text":["The regime does blame rebels for escalating this bout of violence. And, as you say, there's a lot at stake here. It's a place that's swollen with civilians. A lot of people who've fled the fighting elsewhere in the country have taken refuge here, and aid workers are saying it would be a catastrophe if a full war took hold here.","Oh, this is amazing. So this is where a lot of people who have fled violence arrived in huge numbers, thinking that this might be their one last safe. . .","Right.",". . . Space. And if there are that many civilians there - like, what do we know about these airstrikes so far?How badly are civilians being hit?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is a risk of a catastrophic situation if a full war breaks out in the area with civilians","questions":"Which war could potentially lead to a catastrophic situation in the area with civilians?","answer":"full"}
{"text":["I know but that's exactly the dilemma I think a lot of comics are facing right now. It's, like, when things are even-keeled, then you can be edgy. But we're closer to that stuff. So it makes people a little bit more sensitive, a little bit more heightened.","So what happened in places when you were, like, in these places that you said you had a rough time?","Well, it's because, like, if you're not on the side of the liberal warriors, then people are going to be like, oh, well, this means you hate women. This means that, you know, he hates blacks. He hates Mexicans. He hates Jews. He hates gays. You know, and then you have, like - I'm at a club. And I'll say, hey, where are the Trump supporters?And if I say anything bad about Trump, then they're just, like, you know, cursing at me. And people are walking out. And I got - you won (laughter). Your guy's in office. Why are you storming out?I feel like if I handed out a paper before every show, and I said, tell me what you want me to talk about, it would be nothing on there. But it's just I've got to say, sometimes, it's not fun anymore.","That was comedian Erik Griffin."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Comics can no longer be as edgy due to heightened sensitivity of people","questions":"What is the dilemma that a lot of comics are facing right now?","answer":"Heightened"}
{"text":["I stopped the clocks because, A - my contract was running out, and, yes, I am eligible for retirement 'cause I'm 72 now. But the hand-wound ones, they're big cast iron weights. If the weights, when they run out, fell over, it would take three men to reconnect all the wires going through the pulleys and things, so it was on a safety grounds that I stopped them.","Why did you stop both hands at 12?","Well, I stopped them at 12 o'clock because every time I get a clock on my working license, and my father-in-law before me, people seem to think, oh, that clock is at 12 o'clock. And they look at their watch or something, and they'll say, oh, it's stopped. Whereas if I left it at any time, they don't seem to pick it up quick enough.","Well, Mr.  Mitchell, may I ask, are there a lot of other people doing a job like yours or is that number dwindling these days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"every time I get a clock on my working license [...] they'll say, oh, it's stopped.\" The literal meaning of \"it's stopped\" is that the clock is no longer measuring time. However, the actual meaning is that people mistakenly assume that the clock is stopped because it is set to 12 o'clock.","questions":"How do people react when they see the clock set to 12?","answer":"Broken"}
{"text":["One sergeant in the Green Berets told you - and this gives you some sense of the intensity of what went on - I've never seen that many rocket-propelled grenades in my career.","That's correct. He's an 11-year veteran of the Green Beret team, so he's pretty much seen it all in Iraq and Afghanistan. And he said it was almost, you know, cinematic. This particular attack seemed so highly orchestrated that they just felt like, you know - that they were throwing everything that they could at them.","Why weren't the Afghan military forces in Ghazni able to repel this Taliban attack?","The local forces had communication problems. They weren't able to really strategize about how to beat back the Taliban forces. They were overwhelmed in a lot of ways, despite the fact that they're flush with U. S. -supplied weaponry, at that. There were reports of Afghan military firing on their own forces, as well as American convoys. And there were reports that they had delivered the wrong supplies to police departments that were in desperate need of more ammunition. So really, what it came down to was that they needed the U. S.  Special Forces and Afghan commandos, which is special forces of sorts for the Afghans, to be able to have strategy, to be able to communicate with one another and to be able to act in concert rather than these sort of disparate skirmishes.","That adds up to a pretty damning appraisal of the Afghan military's readiness."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The attack looked so perfect, like something straight out of the movies.","questions":"What kind of weaponry did the Taliban use in the attack?","answer":"Rocket"}
{"text":["Right now, the police - I can't tell you for sure. I can tell you as to my prosecutors, what we did is we took the supervisor and the people involved in our charging decisions, and they actually help us work the system. So the process that we have created actually was a collaboration with people in my office. So they are supportive, and they're intrigued by what it's going to look like.","Again, we want to make sure that there are no negative unintended consequences to this. So we're going to be looking at it very closely. We are working with the Sanford people to make sure that we create the right metrics, you know?The goal here is to do something that will do the right things. And part of that will be learning and seeing if there are any negative unintended consequences that - we want to go back and fix them very quickly.","That is George Gascon. He is the district attorney for the city and county of San Francisco. George Gascon, thank you so much for talking with us.","My pleasure, Michel."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They are worried about any negative consequences of their actions and will fix them quickly.","questions":"Which metrics are they working to create with the Sanford people?","answer":"none"}
{"text":["Are we talking about resveratrol here?","Well, the resveratrol discovery was about 10 years ago. We, my colleagues and I, made that discovery. But what we've done since then is use that as a - just a stepping stone, a proof of concept to make much more potent synthetic drug-like molecules that are just in the beginnings of human clinical trials. And this paper is about the finding that these molecules from grapes and the synthetics all seem to work through this one particular gene, genetic pathway we call the sirtuin pathway.","Let's back up a little bit and talk about the study you did in mice. What did you find - what did you give the mice, and what did you find there?","Well, originally we found resveratrol just in a test tube, looking for molecules that would turn on this enzyme, this protein that seems to defend against diseases in aging. We then moved to nematode worms and flies. We've done some work with bees even. The mouse study was in 2006."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning is that the interviewer wants to hear about the findings of the mouse study and what was administered to the mice during the study.  I apologize for any confusion caused by my earlier response.","questions":"What did the researcher find in nematode worms, flies, and bees?","answer":"Genetics"}
{"text":["So what we do is that when the cases come to my office, we first investigate. Once we know the perpetrator, we try to call or invite the person. If the person refuses, we collaborate with the legal department, issue the warrant of arrest. There, we come to the table of negotiation. If he's ready to negotiate, we try to negotiate and try to resettle the victim. If not, we take the case to the court.","Well, how long can the process take?","It can go three years, four years. It is indefinite.","Sister, you were honored at the White House earlier this week. What role can the United States play in trying to combat human trafficking?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of the turn is to ask what role the United States can play in trying to combat human trafficking. The implied meaning is to ask what role the United States should play in trying to combat human trafficking.","questions":"What is the implied meaning behind PersonB's question about the United States' role in combating human trafficking?","answer":"should"}
{"text":["Struggling yes, and because our ballots were delivered late this time. There was a delay in approval from the State Board of Elections which affected everybody in the state really. Consequently, the printer had to work all weekend to get the absentee ballots to us and he walked in about two o'clock yesterday afternoon. So then of course we had three volunteers yesterday afternoon folding those eight and a half by fourteen ballots and putting them in the - in a sealed envelope that then goes in the pack that we had previously prepared.","We've been hearing that there is a big increase in the number of people who want to vote early this year about a third of all voters nationwide. Are you seeing that where you are, an increase?","Well we don't have early voting in Virginia in the same sense that North Carolina for instance does. In Virginia you have to have a reason, one of the reasons listed on the absentee application for needing to vote absentee.","What are those reasons?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The late delivery of absentee ballots caused a lot of work for us","questions":"How did the delay in approval from the State Board of Elections affect the election process?","answer":"Ballots"}
{"text":["I mean, your site gets something like seven million visitors a month?","Yeah.","Wow.","So that, that audience helps too, having those people, you know, kind of at bay, you know, willing to sort of jump in at, like, my command and help out when necessary. And like I said before, a lot of those people who read my site are also Tesla fans, so that's sort of a double reason for them to be willing to commit to a campaign like this."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The audience of the site is willing to support the campaign when needed","questions":"What motivates the audience to support the campaign?","answer":"Tesla"}
{"text":["So are you surprised by these numbers?Is there anything in the report we haven't really heard before?","Unfortunately I wish I could say I was surprised. But it's pretty much an extension of what we've known going back for decades now, and that is that our path of tougher sentencing laws and higher rates of incarceration has really continued unabated. And at this point, as this report points out, we stand alone on the global stage with really no other peers in terms of our use of incarceration.","Can you break down the numbers by race?","Well, that's where the numbers are most compelling and most frightening. The one in a hundred number that got most of the attention, one in a hundred Americans are in prison or jail, obscures the underlying trends and the geographical concentration of incarceration, particularly among low-income communities of color. And once you look for young African\u2014American males, as the report points out, black men between the ages of 20 and 34, one in nine of them are in prison or jail on a given day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The numbers highlight the overrepresentation of black men between the ages of 20 and 34 in the prison or jail population.","questions":"Which demographic group is overrepresented in the prison or jail population according to the report?","answer":"Black"}
{"text":["Is it important to the grassroots to have that still?","Absolutely. I mean, fiscal responsibility is still a measure of what I would call conservative values. The problem is we just don't seem to see the Congress expressing those values any longer. The CBO and the GAO have both said that this kind of spending cannot be sustained. And what can't continue won't continue. So it's irresponsible for us not to deal with the spending issue.","Mark Meckler is the president of Citizens for Self-Governance. Thank you so very much.","Thanks for having me, Lulu. I appreciate it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : grassroots is a movement made by a district and still implies that it holds the feature in order to hold the government's attention. ","questions":"How is fiscal responsibility related to conservative values according to A?","answer":"Related"}
{"text":["We get to have some of these first-time discussions with parents where they didn't realize my student who graduates high school - wait a minute, you're telling me that they - in the state of Tennessee, they have the opportunity for two years or for a technical certificate program free of cost to me?And sometimes they tear up. Sometimes they're speechless. Sometimes I reach across the room and - to shake hands with two hands. Sometimes I give hugs to a mother who has nothing to say. She's shaking and she's crying. And these are lasting moments. These are the things that keep us going when otherwise it may seem we have a whole lot of bad news to deliver.","As an educator, Mr.  Leddy, do you have any concern that, you know, the mentality sometimes goes that because it's free, students - everybody involved might not take it seriously and treat community college as just a continuation of high school?","I've heard that. I don't share the view. At the high school level, where we are, and when we see the struggles the students have, when we see parents working two, three, four jobs to try to afford the basics, the subsistence needs for their families - that argument or that view kind of rings hollow. Our students are very appreciative. Our students feel that they're valued. They feel like someone is listening at the state level and someone is looking out for their futures.","The program is funded by the - by the Tennessee state lottery. So I guess if you want to - if you want to support education, buy a lottery ticket."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"So I guess if you want to - if you want to support education, buy a lottery ticket\" - Implied meaning: A way to support education is to buy lottery tickets.","questions":"Which program is funded by the Tennessee state lottery?","answer":"Community"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So what originally did the Consumer Product Safety Commission say was wrong with this stroller?","They were concerned about the front wheel of the stroller. It's a three-wheeled stroller, and they were concerned with the wheel falling off suddenly. It's attached to the stroller with a quick release, the same thing that attaches the wheels on bicycles. And so parents would be out running, jogging with their strollers, their kid in the middle. And the wheel would spontaneously fall off.","So the agency spent months investigating. And in 2017, they decided that Britax should recall the stroller, that it wasn't safe. And they even sued to try and force the company to recall the stroller. Tell us why that didn't happen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"So what originally did the Consumer Product Safety Commission say was wrong with this stroller?\" is a question that asks for specific information about the stroller. Its meaning is also literal and straightforward.","questions":"What did the agency decide in 2017?","answer":"Recall"}
{"text":["Well, we've - they've already spent too much time, that is the Congress and the president, in getting a deal. So they can't, in my opinion, put together a real big debt reduction bill that the country and its people deserves. In the meantime, this tax problem came in, the Bush tax is going to expire, which was done by the law that adopted it, and that's going to put a big pressure on the budget.","And we've got a law that is so unreasonable that it ought to be repealed, the sequester. I think they're going to find a way to repeal the sequester. I think they're going to find a way to do all of the savings required in the appropriated accounts, the annual billings, but I think they're going to be very short of savings in the entitlement programs, the long-term health care, which costs are going to go skyrocketing along while we sit around thinking everything's rosy. They may not find a way to solve that one.","I hope they do, but I see no evidence that they are doing that one right. So I think they'll get two or three out of the four, and then question for everyone: will they put that much together and say, take it, and some language saying we'll do more next year?I would have some further suggestions, but we don't have time.","Well, Senator Domenici, thank you very much for your time today."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is doubt whether the Congress will be able to come up with a comprehensive solution for all the issues and it may require multiple attempts","questions":"Which issue may require multiple attempts to solve according to Senator Domenici?","answer":"Entitlement"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me.","Let's begin with the top line of the report. We certainly know retail is suffering. We see stores all over America closing. Midtown Manhattan is having problems with retail space. We assume it's online shopping and delivery. But how many job losses do you fix specifically to the role of private equity?","Well, we found that over the last decade, 1. 3 million people lost their jobs at retailers that had been acquired by Wall Street private equity firms and hedge funds. During that same 10-year period, the retail sector had actually added an additional 1 million jobs. So what we find is that in key areas, Wall Street firms are destabilizing retailers. Toys R Us is a good example. Toys R Us was highly profitable when it filed for bankruptcy. Their private equity owners had loaded the company with debt and did not really invest in necessary technology upgrades to support e-commerce and to make it viable.","Well, let's peel back a phrase like Toys R Us was highly profitable when it filed for bankruptcy. That wouldn't seem to fit in the same sentence. But how do you explain that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Lets go back to what you said about Toys R Us being profitable when they filed for bankruptcy and talk about that more.","questions":"How did Toys R Us filing for bankruptcy contradict its profitability?","answer":"Contradict"}
{"text":["(Singing) Saw my father in a dream last night. He was smiling and saying you're going to be all right. And this morning I stared back at myself, feeling as empty as I've ever felt. But I keep on rolling, and I hope I've learned more of what's right than what's wrong. It's ashes and roses and time that burns when you're chasing what's already gone. Ashes and roses and hearts that break. I tried so hard to be strong. But maybe my worst but not my first mistake. Chasing what's already gone. Mm-hmm. Hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey. Chasing what's already gone.","Thank you.","Mary Chasing - Mary Chapin Carpenter, \"Chasing What's Already Gone. \"She is good on guitar but she is not that good. She had some help from John Jennings, who's also with us here in the studio.","And I have to - that line, saw my father in a dream last night, smiling and saying, you're going to be all right. It seems like that must have been one of those events, his death, that you think you have to write about and you sit there and think, oh, God, what am I going to say?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is reflecting on their mistakes and hoping to learn from them.","questions":"Which line in the dialogue is related to the PersonA's reflection on their mistakes?","answer":"Mistakes"}
{"text":["Well, one of the first things you do when you find out somebody who shares your name is say, oh, where's your family from?So I told him my family was Romanian and many had come over after World War II. And he told me when I asked him that his family was indeed descended from a sort of aristocratic Austrian family and that he was clearly not wealthy now. There had once been a family fortune, but as he put it, mother lived too long.","Mother lived too long.","Mother lived too long.","And so this acquaintance blossomed over the years, and so you got to know him a little bit."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : would be that a mother was still alive and living for a long time, while the actual meaning is that due to her long life, the family fortune had been depleted. ","questions":"Which phrase caused the depletion of the family fortune?","answer":"Living"}
{"text":["Ibiza being the Spanish island where this video was filmed.","Exactly - just blathering on and on to a Russian woman who they believed was the niece of a prominent Russian oligarch.","And I'll just insert here that I have not had the opportunity to verify exactly what is being documented on this video. But what it has done is raise all of these questions in Austria about the extent of Russian influence in Austrian politics. Is that right?","Absolutely. And, I mean, it's funny because these are actually fake Russians. This is - these are not necessarily people that were sent from the Kremlin. We don't really know the provenance of the video. Some people believe it's an activist collective. Other people are speculating that some secret services of various countries were involved. But the most important thing to say is that Vice Chancellor Strache hasn't denied any of the assertions.","Right. Well, let me insert a practical question here. Where does this leave the government of Austria?Who's in charge today?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Vice Chancellor Strache has not denied any of the assertions","questions":"What has Vice Chancellor Strache done in response to the assertions?","answer":"denied"}
{"text":["Well, what it does is it does away with the prohibition against rating on pre-existing conditions, meaning that if you have a pre-existing condition - and about a third of us do - that you could be charged a much higher rate for insurance. So let me give you an example. Somebody is working, they have insurance, and they have a catastrophic illness - cancer, some other calamity. They have to stop working because they need to get their condition taken care of. If they're out for 60 days, they lose their insurance. And now, they have to pay whatever the insurance company decides is the premium because they are - now have a pre-existing condition. Somebody in that situation may never be able to accumulate enough money to pay the very high premiums and get back on the cycle of having continuous insurance coverage.","Now, of course, Speaker Ryan looks forward to what are called now high-risk pools. These would be plans that are essentially devoted to try and accommodate people who have expensive and pre-existing conditions. You're not convinced that would do it.","Well, I think that the problem with those is in the fine print. First of all, very often they are not adequately funded. And many of the high-risk pools have lifetime caps, lifetime limits.","What kind of reforms would you like to make?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implies that the speaker would like to see further reforms beyond what is suggested by Speaker Ryan.","questions":"Which speaker wants to see further reforms beyond what is suggested by Speaker Ryan?","answer":"Speaker"}
{"text":["So, Emery, let's find out a little bit more about where you started and your family. You grew up in Hilton Head. And a lot of folks know it now as a resort town, but I'm sure it's changed a lot. What do you remember from your childhood?","Oh, I remember Hilton Head when they were only about 1,500 people, at most, living here. I grew up here in the '40s and the '50s and I tell folks that I thought everybody in the world was Gullah except Dick and Jane.","So what does Gullah mean to you?What does it mean in terms of how you speak, how you dress, how you tell stories?Tell us what it means on the inside to be a part of Gullah culture.","Well, to be a part of Gullah culture meant that you pretty much knew who you were - we still do know who we are. And by that, I mean, everything that we saw when we grew up, Gullah people produce it - we produce our own food, we produce our own stories because we told them to one another, and made our boats, gather our own food, had our own spiritual life because we have little praise houses in every neighborhood. And the leaders of those praise houses were Gullah family members. And family was very important because families live close together. To us, Gullah was a world to itself."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In this turn, the speaker is comparing the size of Hilton Head when it was a small town in the 40s and 50s to its current size now as a resort town. ","questions":"Which decade did Emery grow up in Hilton Head?","answer":"40s"}
{"text":["There's something magical about that part of a meal that really seems to have inspired the book. Like, the beginning, when everyone is, like, just arriving and gathering and, like, what you want to serve in a moment like that.","Yeah. I mean, even just hearing you describe it that way, it's the best moment of a party. So, you know, everyone's hugging and kissing, and there's catching up and clinking of wine glasses. And it's just the best moment. And I think when those first platters of food start to roll out of the kitchen, it's just a celebration.","Do you ever really sit down, or is it constant movement, like, more plates coming out and just kind of wandering around and eating and talking?","What I love about antipasti is that even in a restaurant, oftentimes they'll have sort of a big communal table in the center of the restaurant, and they'll allow you to come up with, you know, your plate and a big spoon and just kind of point to or pick through and serve yourself whatever you want from the antipasti spread. So that's kind of the most interactive moment of the meal, which is maybe also why it's one of my favorites."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"everyone's hugging and kissing\" - This is a common expression used to describe a warm and friendly greeting between people, but it doesn't always literally mean that people are hugging and kissing.","questions":"How would you describe the greeting between people during the best moment of a party?","answer":"friendly"}
{"text":["What if Dr.  Martin King Jr.  were alive today?Would he be proud of America's progress on civil rights?Maybe he'd say we let him down by allowing the activism that fueled his movement to die from neglect. And what would King think of Obama's historic White House bid?Can you tell us anything new about his own assassination?","In his new book, \"What Would Martin Say?,\" Clarence B.  Jones uses King's life and speeches to guess where the late reverend might stand on the Iraq war, affirmative action and black leadership. Jones knew King well. He was one of the reverend's closest advisers. Jones even helped write the famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech.","Clarence Jones, welcome to NEWS & NOTES.","Hi, thank you so much. Glad to be here."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The book \"What Would Martin Say?\" uses King's speeches and life to guess his possible stance on current issues such as the Iraq war, affirmative action, and black leadership. The author, Clarence B. Jones, who was one of King's closest advisers, provides his interpretation of King's views.","questions":"What does Clarence B. Jones use to guess Martin Luther King Jr.'s stance on current issues?","answer":"King's-speeches"}
{"text":["UNIDENTIFIED REPORTER #2: Under the command of General Eisenhower, Allied naval forces supported by strong air forces began landing Allied armies this morning on the northern coast of France.","Ships deposited more than 150,000 Allied troops on the beaches of Normandy. German forces were waiting in the cliffs above, and they unleashed. Meanwhile, paratroopers boarded planes, took to the air and dropped behind enemy lines.","Oh, it was a lot of noise - one after another.","What did it sound like?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Allied forces have begun their attack on France","questions":"What did General Eisenhower command?","answer":"Command"}
{"text":["No, I think this will be about fact. That's why I added a number of authors and historians to this commission. When these monuments were erected, they were to celebrate but also, I think, to intimidate individuals, as well. They were there to continue to convey what I think is, you know, alternative facts and history. At the end of the day, these individuals defended a time and a purpose that would probably have me and my ancestors in bondage. And that should not go untold.","Some, though, would say this is a cop-out. New Orleans has torn down a number of its Confederate monuments. The city of Charlottesville, Va. , voted to sell its statue of Robert E.  Lee. Why not remove these statues?","Well, first I will say that our monuments commission will obviously listen to all sides. They'll listen to those who think that we may be trying to rewrite history. We're going to listen to people who think that we should remove the monuments. My charge to the commission is to tell the whole truth. For some, this was the third rail in Richmond politics - that you can never touch Monument Avenue. And I think that right now this is an opportunity for us and a responsibility for us to write the next new chapter for the city of Richmond.","Levar Stoney, the Democratic mayor of Richmond, Va.  We've been checking in with him throughout his first year in office. And we will be doing so as the year rolls on. Thank you so much for joining us.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Some may view removing statues as a cop-out.","questions":"What is the potential criticism of removing statues?","answer":"Cop-out"}
{"text":["One person called them old guard reactionaries who are grabbling for crumbs from the table. Another called them seat warmer saying they have nothing new to offer. And that led to a larger conversation about Obama's support among blacks where black folks stand on the Democratic Party.","And we are in good old Black History Month now. Of course, we are black 365 days a year.","That's right.","But from what I've read on our blog, not everybody thinks the black history month is a good idea."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : And we are in good old Black History Month now. Of course, we are black 365 days a year. (The literal meaning of this statement is that February is designated as Black History Month. The actual meaning is that black history should be celebrated and acknowledged every day, not just during the month of February.)","questions":"Which month is designated as Black History Month?","answer":"February"}
{"text":["The former late head of Fox News.","That's right. And so he was pretty enamored of Herman Cain's life story - that he was this, you know, pizza magnate and that he had this 9-9-9 plan. And he was very kind of compelling character.","So not necessarily the current president?","Well, no. But, I mean, I can't say that, you know, Donald Trump doesn't invade the psyche a little bit. I was around Donald Trump quite a bit during those years. And I did interview him quite a bit. So he also permeated some of my thought process. But that wasn't who I was channeling."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Pizza magnate\" in (2) is a metaphorical phrase. While Herman Cain did own a pizza chain, the use of \"magnate\" elevates his status to that of a successful and influential businessperson. The literal meaning of the turn is that he was the owner of a pizza chain, but the actual meaning is that he was a successful and influential businessperson in the pizza industry.","questions":"How was Herman Cain's status described in the dialogue?","answer":"Influential"}
{"text":["What is the biggest need right now?I mean, where are these people going and, specifically, children who may have lost family members?","Yeah. Well, the biggest need in general is everything. They need food, shelter, jerrycans for clean water. You need water trucks with clean water to go there. Imagine that a flooding contaminates everything. That is why diseases are bound to break out. And it's already happening. There is cases of cholera mentioned or reported in Beira.","There is a system where children - where parents can fill in the name of their children that they are missing. And then, you know, that is accessible for aid organizations. And the aid organizations in the field will look for those children and try to get parents and children back together again. If that doesn't happen, children will go into the governmental care while the aid organizations keep looking for relatives where they can live with.","And I understand that even though the floodwaters are now receding, there is a chance for secondary floods. How is the community preparing for that?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Diseases are not breaking out but might begin to happen due to the situation.","questions":"How are diseases currently affecting the situation?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["But yes, they do make them vulnerable. But to my knowledge, he has no problem with his feet. And there was another horse with three white feet who did pretty well, and his name was Secretariat.","Oh, yeah. OK.  Victor Espinoza is Chrome's jockey. What do you expect from him?","He's a very talented rider. He has been here before. He won two legs of the Triple Crown with War Emblem a few years ago. He's made beautiful decisions in terms of where to position the horse and strategy is everything in the Belmont. This is a riders race.","I don't know if he will win, but this afternoon, pin your heart on this beautiful little horse and this odd cast of characters around him. The pantheon of Triple Crown winners admits only the truly great. So if he is good enough to do it, you will be looking at a horse for the ages."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the meaning of \"pin your heart on this beautiful little horse and this odd cast of characters around him\" is to invest your emotion or faith in Chrome and his team, even if there is no guarantee of success.","questions":"Which horse's jockey has won two legs of the Triple Crown before?","answer":"Chrome"}
{"text":["But then today, the insurgent leader said he couldn't guarantee the safety of this team because of the fighting that's going on in the city of Slovyansk, and so he released them. And I should say - or I should mention that another Western observer of this team, a Swede, had already been released last weekend for health reasons.","Do we know where they are now?","They've returned to Donetsk here and basically south of Slovyansk where they were being kept for a number of days. And they had some trouble getting here because of the fighting that's going on between Ukrainian forces and pro-Russian separatists along the way. The German leader of the team says he and the other former captives' spirits are high.","What is the latest on the fighting?What do we know?It seems to be going on in several locations throughout Ukraine.","It's still continuing to some extent in Slovyansk, but it seems the focus today is on a city south of there about 10 miles called Kramatorsk. I was there yesterday, and I could see the separatists preparing their defenses. They set up tractor-trailers to close off the main road to Ukrainian armored vehicles. And it was also evident that some of these separatists were very professional-looking masked-soldier types with automatic weapons. And I hadn't seen these people before in the area."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : In turn (5), when the speaker says, \"And I hadn't seen these people before in the area,\" the actual meaning is that the speaker has observed armed and masked separatists in the area who appear to be professional soldiers. This statement implies that the separatists are not just a group of local civilians who have taken up arms, but rather they may have received military training and support from a foreign government or organization. This implication is a departure from the literal meaning of the words used in the turn.","questions":"Which aspect of the separatists observed by the speaker implies that they may have received military training and support from a foreign organization?","answer":"Military"}
{"text":["He was instrumental in the Times that year winning a Pulitzer Prize for its coverage. And it was after the Kerner Commission came out with its report in 1968, looking at the great divide among the racism in American society that pointed to the American news media in particular, that needed to do a better job in covering the great diversity of American society.","What are the upsides?What are the upsides for journalism as it evolves, because it has to evolve?","The upsides are the incredible access you have to audiences now. Anybody in this age can be a publisher, a writer, a communicator. And there are tremendous possibilities.","Well, Neil, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to be instrumental in this context means that the person was needed for something happening.","questions":"How was the person described in turn 0 important?","answer":"Important"}
{"text":["First of all, Ford says it doesn't need the money right now. It needs a line of credit in case. And they believe that they can make it, that they can make it through these hard times. So, there is one big difference. They don't have to go to the extremes that, say, GM does, who say they need money right now.","Jean, I'd like to go back to GM for a moment, and I know you mentioned Larry Burns is a friend. If you were to point out one thing that you think that they're not doing that they should be doing at General Motors, what would that be?","You know, they have been just slow, very slow. They have brought out many, many vehicles in the past - and he is absolutely correct when he says, you know, nine of the last 10 vehicles that have come out have been great vehicles. Two of the next 24 will be what Congress is asking them to do.","So, they're addressing the issues. They have the Chevy Cruise. They have the Malibu, which was an Automobile Magazine All-Star last year, its first year out. We called it better than a Camry. They have a Malibu hybrid. They have the Cadillac line, CTS, CTSV. They have Volt. They have very good vehicles coming out. They have been perhaps slow to ax the ones that are not so good.","Jean Jennings is the editor of Automobile magazine. Thanks, Jean."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Ford doesn't need the money right now, but GM does","questions":"Which company needs a line of credit instead of money right now?","answer":"Ford"}
{"text":["There's a new commission by the president to try to look into this attack - series of attacks. What's that commission trying to do?","Well, this is a situation, Farai, that's been growing since '94, since the end of apartheid and the election of African National Congress. The problem is this. Fundamentally, the issue of poverty has not been tackled in a satisfactory way by the government. And you've had among the mass of poor people at the bottom, the so called black Africans, a very high level of patience actually waiting for something to turn around, and it hasn't.","Instead, there's been much more emphasis on the development of a black capitalist class, opening up the borders to trade, et cetera. And not enough paid attention to the grievances of people at the base.","When you have the situation like this, it is very easy for opportunists to take advantage of the situation and explode it in a very unproductive way and that's what happened. So, people's anger about the situation was channeled, much like we've seen here in the United Sates when people go against immigrants. Instead of understanding the way that the system is working and that it needs to be challenged, people start going after the vulnerable groups. So, they went after the Zimbabweans, they went after the Mozambiquens and they went after the Ugandans."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"look into\" in \"look into this attack\" means to investigate, so the actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue means to investigate?","answer":"Look"}
{"text":["Yeah. And that took a lot out of my legs. I was pretty fatigued by the end of the game, and I'm feeling it today.","And do - I bet you are a little tired.","But at - towards the end of the game, where you aware of the record?And where you aware you'd broken it?","I wasn't aware, actually. I think I was just so tired and so focused on scoring the basketball. There's a stretch late in the second half where I think I hit seven or eight consecutive threes, and I knew something special was going on after that."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"I bet you are a little tired\" - This expression is a form of a rhetorical question that is not meant to be answered. It is a way of showing empathy or understanding for the speaker's situation, rather than actually asking if they are tired.","questions":"Which word did PersonB use to show empathy for PersonA's situation?","answer":"Tired"}
{"text":["And you can do that just out of a gut feeling, or experience or cracking the file?Or how does that work?","Well, it uses statistics. You know, it's kind of a little bit like the whole money ball argument that we hear about baseball. But it goes through the file, and it looks, and it kind of sees that - you could say the noise in the image is not right, and often it's a little too random. It's almost a little bit too perfect, you might say.","And then the statistics comes out, and it says oh, well, you know, it gives you a number, and the number is over a threshold, and you say oh, that's an alarm bell, and I'll look at it.","It must be an interesting history to this whole steganography idea."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn 2, A is using the metaphor of \"money ball\" to refer to the use of statistics to determine if an image is a false one","questions":"What metaphor does PersonA use in turn 1 to refer to the use of statistics to detect false images?","answer":"Money-ball"}
{"text":["I don't know what a - difference between an executive order and a proclamation is.","Well, proclamations seem to be more rare. They do kind of echo of something royal, but it has basically the same effect as an executive order.","And how would this change what somebody who wants to apply for asylum must do?","Well, it's trying to bar asylum for people who enter the U. S.  in between ports of entry."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Proclamations are rare and have a royal tone but have the same effect as an executive order","questions":"How would you describe the tone of a proclamation?","answer":"Royal"}
{"text":["And how did this start?","Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story. And then I would write the story. And then I would send it to him. And I'd give him a first line. And he would start a story. And he would send that back to me. And we did that. And so we decided that we'd open that up to the rest of the world.","How many stories do you typically get?","We run between 300 and 450 submissions in issue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker is describing the history of their literary magazine and how they started accepting submissions, the implied meaning is that the magazine has been successful and has been accepting submissions for a long time.","questions":"How would you describe the success of the literary magazine?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["Now, what about the bloggers who are, you know, in our camp. What story are they hitting?","Well, in the Democratic side, among bloggers, the Web site Blogpolls, which measure these trends, posted about Hillary Clinton outnumbered blog post about Barack Obama, leading up to last weekend, South Carolina primary. And interestingly, on January 24th, two days before the voting started in South Carolina, posts about Bill Clinton spiked and they equal the numbers of posts about Barack Obama. But after he won in South Carolina, post about Obama spiked and he's been the most blogged about candidate ever since. Now, on the Republican side, John McCain has been and is the most blogged about candidate.","What about on News and Views, our own blog?","Well, lot of issues people are talking about. They run the spectrum. They're talking about Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick's text message scandal, suggesting an affair with his female chief of staff, which could lead to perjury charges. We called it textual healing on our blog."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: Well, a lot of issues people are talking about. They run the spectrum. They're talking about Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick's text message scandal, suggesting an affair with his female chief of staff, which could lead to perjury charges. We called it textual healing on our blog. The actual meaning: They are discussing various topics or subjects, including the scandal involving Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick. Literal meaning: They are physically running across a spectrum, discussing the scandal involving Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick.","questions":"Which scandal is being discussed on News and Views blog?","answer":"Scandal"}
{"text":["Yeah. I know Chicken Street. But tell us what you saw at the site of the bombing.","When I heard it, I came out from the store, and I immediately saw people running from the direction of (unintelligible) the smoke billowing into the air. So I walked in the opposite direction towards the smoke. And the closer I got, the more damage there was - obviously, broken windows further away from it - and then closer to it, you know, cars on fire and completely crushed by the force of the explosion.","And then at the ground zero of the site, you know, a number of bodies that was in the immediate vicinity - I saw probably 12 to 15, all, you know, really just mangled and - you know, almost as if they were melted together. It was just a pile of bodies - you know, most of them dead, some of them still alive. I even told one man who was trying to make a phone call, you know, in this morass of bodies.","And then all around, there was, you know, the usual chaos that infuse these attacks - security forces running around with their weapons drawn, general chaos, smoke and noise, car alarms, and, you know, small explosions of oxygen tanks and petrol tanks exploding. And, you know, within a few minutes, you have these - I guess you'd call them first responders - rushing in to take the injured and the dead away."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"a number of bodies that was in the immediate vicinity - I saw probably 12 to 15, all, you know, really just mangled and - you know, almost as if they were melted together.It was just a pile of bodies\" - the speaker uses figurative language to describe the state of the bodies they saw, which were not literally melted together, but were instead severely damaged.","questions":"Which language did the speaker use to describe the bodies they saw?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Thank you very much for having me.","Can you describe the scene for us in Sana'a now?","The situation in Sana'a at the moment is very insecure and unpredictable. It's very scary, obviously, because the airstrikes come at any time. And now with the fuel crisis that's going on, Yemen is a country that is basically based all its - basics let's say from importing - the food, the fuel, the wheat - everything comes importing and talking about the main things that would allow the people to be alive. And now at the borders - the blockade in the borders - this is creating a huge catastrophe that is ahead of us at the moment.","Oxfam had been pushing to end the fighting, at least to get these shipments into the country. Are you worried about future shipments?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"It's very scary, obviously, because the airstrikes come at any time.\" - The literal meaning is that the airstrikes are unpredictable and can happen at any moment, causing fear and uncertainty among the people. The actual meaning may also convey a sense of desperation or helplessness in the face of the ongoing conflict.","questions":"How would you describe the situation in Sana'a?","answer":"Insecure"}
{"text":["I made up my own mind. I figured that at some point it would turn into a mandatory evacuation and I wanted to get ahead of the traffic.","You know, to have gone through this once is bad enough. To be going through it a second time, I can't even imagine what that must have been like. As you were getting closer to having to make the decision to get up and get out, what went through your mind?","I immediately remembered what it was like three years ago, and I think that I was in sort of disbelief. I couldn't believe that I was going through it again. And I - the first thing I thought of was OK, what do I need to take with me that I want to see again?Because I immediately thought of what happened during Katrina and how, you know, it just caught us all off guard, and I just wanted to be prepared.","What did you take?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : I learned from my past experience and prepared accordingly.","questions":"How did the speaker act based on their past experience?","answer":"Evacuation"}
{"text":["Can I ask you just when you wrote this thread, what prompted it?What was the moment that sort of made you think, this is something I need to write right now?","I live in - I jokingly refer to it as the wilds of Connecticut, and there's nothing wild about it. But I live in the woods about 10 miles away from Sandy Hook. And when that incident happened, my daughter was in elementary school. My son was in middle school. The schools went into lockdown. I think I became radicalized on that day against gun violence. Every time one of these events happens, it affects me really deeply.","And so I found myself on the kitchen floor. My daughter wanted help with her homework, and I was sort of tweeting as she was reading me an essay she was writing. But it - I just felt like I needed to try to say these things in the best way that I knew how in that moment. And I - you know, there was no real forethought to it. It was just a kind of expression of deep, deep sadness.","Michael Ian Black is a comedian, actor and writer. Thank you so much for joining us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Sandy Hook shooting radicalized A against gun violence.","questions":"How was PersonA affected by the Sandy Hook shooting?","answer":"Radicalized"}
{"text":["The government is treading a fine line. On one hand, it acknowledges that this is a regime that cannot survive, and that this is a matter of time, only. At the same time, because it's a neighbor and because the borders are still open and there is some trade going on, in addition to other reasons, the government is careful not to take matters, sort of, beyond a certain point. But I think that there is wide consensus in the region that understands that this regime has no chance of survival. The problem and the questions is, how many more people will be killed before it leaves the scene?","Again, Turkey - we know that the Free Syrian Army uses Turkey as a safe haven. Injured are brought back to be treated in medical facilities. The fighters return there to rest and re-equip and then come back. That's a very porous border in that situation. What about Jordan?Is Jordan allowing the Free Syrian Army effectively to operate from its territory?","No. There are no military operations being conducted out of Jordan for the Free Syrian Army. Jordan has received a number of defectors from Syria, including the ex-prime minister of Syria and several army officers who have defected to Jordan. But they have not engaged in any military activity, so far.","Why no?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The government is cautious in its approach towards the regime, but it's clear that the regime is not going to survive. However, the government is worried about taking action that might destabilize the region.","questions":"How is the government approaching the regime?","answer":"Carefully"}
{"text":["Now, we're going to head east to New York. NPR's Robert Smith spent the day in the raucous Harlem Armory yesterday. He joins us now. How are you doing, Robert?","I'm doing great. And no offense to Cheryl; she's talking about the hometown pride for Barack Obama. They like to point out in Harlem that before he moved to Chicago, Barack Obama went to Columbia University and lived in East Harlem. So, there you go.","All right. Well, how did they process this spectacle yesterday?","\"Process\" is a tame word for it. It was an out-and-out party. Everything from giant video screens on 125th Street; there were big events at the Schaumburg Center for Black Culture and at the Apollo Theater. I went to a schoolchildren event at the Harlem Armory, and if you can imagine the sound of about 5,000 middle-school students in a concrete bunker like the Armory screaming at the top of their lungs, you can imagine, it not only hurt your ears, but it was a little hard to follow the inauguration with that much excitement in one place."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Harlem residents take pride in Obama's previous residency","questions":"What is one fact about Obama that Harlem residents like to point out?","answer":"Columbia"}
{"text":["No, that felt great. Did it make up?I can't go back to my life pre-June 1, 2017, where I'm getting smeared. And as a Muslim, being attacked with the worst anti-Muslim trope you can say is that I'm a Muslim and I'm a terrorist. So it was very painful. It was painful to have friends and family express concerns. It was painful to contact security at Daily Beast and my radio channel to say, hey, we might be visited by white supremacists coming to kill me. And they might kill innocent people I work with. That was all horrible.","But through this all, I've never once questioned doing this. This is the right thing to do. It's the thing we have to do. And I'm happy we got the judgment. And we're going to continue. And I hope it inspires others and gives them a roadmap to say, don't be silent. There are lawyers who will represent you - I'm not kidding - free of charge for this kind of work to make it clear that we're not going to cower from these people. We're going to sue them. We're going to win. We're going to get their money.","That's Dean Obeidallah. He's the host of \"The Dean Obeidallah Show\" on Sirius XM. He's a columnist for The Daily Beast. And he's a comedian and a former lawyer. Dean, thanks so much for talking to us.","Thanks for having me on, Michel. I appreciate it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's important to stand up to hate and bigotry by taking legal action.","questions":"How did Dean Obeidallah respond to being introduced on the show?","answer":"Thanks"}
{"text":["So, I think, you know, I didn't expect her to do anything huge after \"Dream Girls. \"I think that's just sort of the name of the game. When you're an African-American actress, you take what you can get. And this is a big film. It's a small role, but it's in a huge movie that will probably do incredibly well. I just thought she was ill-fitted. I didn't think she belonged in it.","Kelly Rowland, you mentioned her name, Destiny's Child.","MS.  SAMUELS: Right.","She basically said she wanted the part."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of the turn is that Kelly Rowland expressed interest in the part. However, the actual meaning may be that Kelly Rowland was not mentioned before this turn, and the speaker may be changing the subject or trying to steer the conversation in a different direction.","questions":"How did the speaker steer the conversation?","answer":"Change"}
{"text":["After Army Private First Class Brian Orolin returned from Afghanistan in 2011, his wife, Donna, could tell something wasn't quite right. He became paranoid. He suffered constant headaches and would isolate himself in his bedroom with the lights dimmed. And then on November 19, Brian left his wife and two children in Spring, Texas. He has been missing ever since.","At StoryCorps, Donna Orolin remembered the day he returned from Afghanistan.","He was literally the last person off the plane, and he was just so excited to see his daughters. I dressed the girls up and put little bows in their hair with his unit on them. And I put a sign out front that said welcome home, Specialist Orolin. He just couldn't wait to be dad - husband again, but then, things were different.","We used to hold hands all the time before he left. When he came back, he didn't like to be touched, so I had to remind myself to not rub his back, not sneak up behind him and give him hugs. And pretty much his sense of purpose was gone. He would say that he was just going to go away somewhere some day and disappear, and we'd never find him."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies Donna was trying to remain supportive of Brian, despite his lack of interest in physical contact.","questions":"Which action did Donna take to support Brian's emotional state upon his return from Afghanistan?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["After Army Private First Class Brian Orolin returned from Afghanistan in 2011, his wife, Donna, could tell something wasn't quite right. He became paranoid. He suffered constant headaches and would isolate himself in his bedroom with the lights dimmed. And then on November 19, Brian left his wife and two children in Spring, Texas. He has been missing ever since.","At StoryCorps, Donna Orolin remembered the day he returned from Afghanistan.","He was literally the last person off the plane, and he was just so excited to see his daughters. I dressed the girls up and put little bows in their hair with his unit on them. And I put a sign out front that said welcome home, Specialist Orolin. He just couldn't wait to be dad - husband again, but then, things were different.","We used to hold hands all the time before he left. When he came back, he didn't like to be touched, so I had to remind myself to not rub his back, not sneak up behind him and give him hugs. And pretty much his sense of purpose was gone. He would say that he was just going to go away somewhere some day and disappear, and we'd never find him."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : implies Donna was trying to make Brian feel special by dressing the girls up and making a sign, but Brian was still not the same;","questions":"What did Donna do to make Brian feel special upon his return from Afghanistan?","answer":"Dress"}
{"text":["I think hemp is certainly an opportunity for small-scale farmers like myself. And I see the future of agriculture in trouble on the major commodities such as corn, wheat and soybeans because these prices are too low for farmers to stay in business.","And is that because the timing is such that, you know, waiting it out has different meaning in farming than it does in other jobs, for example, right. I mean, like, waiting out, you have to plan so far ahead and - that you can't just - it's not a 90 day problem. Is that what I'm hearing from you?","Exactly. And for the people that are listening, most Americans pay their bills every 30 days. Farmers pay their bills basically twice a year. Like right now, I'm getting ready to sell my winter wheat, which is coming for harvest next month. So I receive a payday there - hopefully it's a fair payday - and then my soybean crop later on this fall.","So we plan our operations a year out. And I thought by now that there would be a big change in the commodity price for soybeans. And that simply hasn't happened. And this president is playing footsie with American agriculture and American farmers here."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In this case, the speaker is using the idiom \"playing footsie\" figuratively to mean that the current president is not fully committed to supporting American agriculture and farmers, and is instead giving them only superficial or insincere attention. The speaker is not suggesting that the president is actually playing the game footsie.","questions":"How is the idiom \"playing footsie\" being used in turn 3?","answer":"Figuratively"}
{"text":["Thank you, Linda. Happy to be here.","Is it fair to say what I said in this introduction that a Clinton or Sanders win in Nevada could depend on how the Hispanic vote breaks?","You're absolutely right. Here in Nevada, the Latino vote has been decisive in the past several election cycles. We saw it in 2006 in my race for state assembly, where we tripled Hispanic turnout. We saw it in 2008 for the caucuses here for Hillary Clinton to win the popular vote. And then we saw it again in 2012. You know, we saw President Obama get re-elected and win Nevada thanks to the Latino vote.","What do you think is going to move the Hispanic community in Nevada to the polls in 2016?Is it going to be immigration reform?Is it the problem of jobs, new jobs, higher paying jobs?","You know, I believe it'll be a combination of a few different things. You're seeing right now Republican candidates Donald Trump, Rubio, Cruz, even my opponent Cresent Hardy, who have taken a pretty strong stance against immigration. And, you know, Latinos not only care about immigration, we care about every other issue - jobs, health care, education. But immigration usually tends to be the litmus test for candidates. If you support immigration reform with the path to citizenship, then we know that you are welcoming to our Latino community."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is \"We know about Internet-radicalized lone-wolf scenario. It's very interesting and unusual to have a woman involved and a couple involved.\" However, the implied meaning is that the speaker finds it notable that a woman and a couple are involved in the scenario, which may suggest a stereotype or bias about the typical profile of individuals involved in internet-radicalized lone-wolf scenarios.","questions":"What does the speaker find notable about the involvement of a woman and a couple in the scenario?","answer":"Notable"}
{"text":["You know, it's not fair to put the blame on the entire system. You know, we countlessly says in sexual assaults it's not a fraternity problem. It's not an alcohol problem. But we also can't be naive enough not to point out that there seems to be a theme happening where people have this groupthink and are able to hide behind a larger organization.","Can you give us any more insight as to what the conversation on your editorial board's been like?","We were shocked and disgusted when this information came out. You know, one of our first editorials was just somewhat emotional - us explaining that we are very frustrated that this has happened. We are disgusted. These actions are vile, and we, as a student newspaper, are putting our foot down. We're not going to stand for it. As more information has unfolded, specifically the anonymous interview that came out in Philadelphia magazine - that was another topic of one of our editorials.","I don't know that story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"putting our foot down\" - This phrase means that they are taking a strong stance against something. Its actual meaning is figurative, not literal.","questions":"What does the phrase \"putting our foot down\" mean?","answer":"Strong"}
{"text":["Today's verdict concludes Hosni Mubarak's retrial. He'd been convicted and sentenced to life in prison in 2012. The verdict was overturned on appeal. In the courtroom today, people burst into cheers, but those who protested in his rule say this is a sign Egypt's revolution has been defeated. NPR's Leila Fadel joins us from Cairo. Thanks for being with us.","Thank you.","And what happened in the courtroom?","Well, basically, the judge dismissed the charges against Mubarak; charges of the killing of hundreds of protesters in 2011 who went to the streets to walk against his rule. He was acquitted on separate corruption charges. And he's expected to go free soon. He's currently serving time on a separate corruption case, and he was convicted of three years on that. His minister of interior, who was reviled for brutal police tactics, was also acquainted as were his deputies. And it left a lot of people asking, well, who is accountable for the more than 800 people that were killed in 2011."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"And he's expected to go free soon.\" - The literal meaning of this sentence is that Hosni Mubarak is expected to be released from prison soon. However, the implied meaning is that there is outrage and concern among some people about Mubarak being released after being acquitted of charges related to the killing of protesters during his rule, and that this could be seen as a sign that justice has not been served.","questions":"Which charges were dismissed against Mubarak?","answer":"protesters"}
{"text":["Oil aside, do the two countries have different interests in the region?","Saudi Arabia is particularly worried by the U. S.  trying to reach a nuclear deal with Iran. Saudi Arabia sees Iran kind of backing groups in Syria and in Lebanon and in Yemen and Iraq. And Saudi is seeing itself as increasingly surrounded. And it, you know, Saudis don't really think the U. S.  understands how deeply concerned it is about regional security and about its own security right now.","We understand that there are activists in Saudi Arabia - human rights activists, activists for women's rights, greater women's rights in Saudi Arabia - who had wanted President Obama and other U. S.  officials to kind of step in and voice their concerns. No indication whatever, that happened. Is there disappointment?","There was. Saudi women that I talked to after the visit said they didn't really expect Obama to kind of endanger the makeup visit by bringing women's rights up or just human rights up. And they said in that sense, the trip met their expectations. Saudi activists say that there is a state crackdown going on - on dissent and free speech - since the Arab Spring uprisings. And they say it's kind of a very dark time in the kingdom for them, and they think the U. S.  is not really doing too much to help them out of it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Although the response appears to be saying that Saudi women did not expect President Obama to bring up women's or human rights during his visit, the actual meaning is that they did not want him to bring up those issues during his visit, as it could have endangered the visit.","questions":"What did Saudi women say about Obama bringing up women's rights during his visit?","answer":"Ingenuity"}
{"text":["Well, thank you.","As we note, you've got some photographs of some very splendid interiors, including, for example, the New York Public Library. But maybe less to be expected, tell us about the Handley Regional Public Library in Winchester, VA.","Well, I have been born and raised and lived all my life in California. And so the American Civil War is something quite distant from my experience. But I'm always amazed when I travel in the east, the closeness of that period. So this was a library in Winchester that was built by a Confederate sympathizer and then, the library itself is this beautiful structure, both inside and out. But the walls inside were covered with portraits of Confederate generals, which really was sort of astonishing to me, and to see again, the closeness of that history.","Did you ever feel, in shooting pictures of public libraries, that you have been in the process of documenting a vanishing species?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implies that B is asking A to tell them more about a library that may not be as well known as the New York Public Library.","questions":"What library did PersonA discuss that was built by a Confederate sympathizer and had portraits of Confederate generals on its walls?","answer":"Handley"}
{"text":["Perhaps it really was all Steve Bannon inviting Michael Wolff into the White House, giving him unfettered access. But the White House is - and the West Wing is a small place. And it's hard to ignore. I certainly saw Michael Wolff when I was covering - when I've been covering the White House for the last year. It's kind of hard to ignore the guy.","Yeah. And just briefly, I'm just curious about this idea that somehow, you know, this may not really damage the president. I mean, how much of a blow do you think this will be?Or is this just another one of these scandals that seems to erupt and then be forgotten when the next one comes in?","I think it has a small, marginal, cumulative effect, right?I mean everybody sort of has baked in that that the president is not normal, is not - certainly not a normal president, doesn't operate in the normal way. I think what will change - say, that 36, 38 percent approval to something a lot worse - is if something happens catastrophic, if there's a drop a severe drop in the stock market or, God forbid, some kind of national security disaster, something bad for the Mueller investigation. This is only hurting his ability to weather a big storm like that. It's giving nobody who's on the fence, trying to figure out if they can still support him any reason to do so.","That's Michael Warren, a senior writer at the Weekly Standard. Thanks for coming in."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Steve Bannon is responsible for giving Michael Wolff access to the White House, which is hard to ignore.","questions":"How would you describe Michael Wolff's presence at the White House according to what PersonA said?","answer":"Unignorable"}
{"text":["That may be the case, but - I don't have foresight in the future, that could very well be the case. But what we do know now is that there has been a precipitous decline in Harlem's black population. And that decline has taken place over the past two decades, and the main issue has been one of affordability as it is in other inner-city areas - inner-cities across the country. Harlem just mirrors that.","Let me return to one point that you made in terms of certain historical facts. About Harlem never having been a black community, or even built by blacks. Well I beg to differ with that. And Ms.  Suggs really does not have a grasp on her history. We know from the 1600s that the Dutch arrived in Harlem with slaves who helped to build Harlem. That is from the 1600s because we know about the Harlem Reform Church of the 1600s. And just recently, because of the 125th Street rezoning - a major public policy issue that will change the physical landscape of Harlem - we have in one of the public-mandated environmental impact statement the acknowledgment of an African burial ground which is at 125th Street east of Second Avenue from the 1600s.","So blacks have always had a presence in Harlem. They built Harlem, and so their investment - the historical investment - of blacks in Harlem certainly did not begin with the great migration or the Harlem Renaissance. Blacks' presence in Harlem, their - the building of Harlem certainly precedes that and into the 1600s.","Here's my final question. I have less than a minute for your answer. When a neighborhood gentrifies and it becomes more mixed racially and class-wise, is this more about race or about class?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Blacks have had a historical investment in Harlem since the 1600s, predating the Harlem Renaissance and great migration","questions":"How long have blacks been invested in Harlem?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["Tell us about that nuanced way.","Sure. What is important here is that the Kurds of Syria - look, I don't want to get in too many alphabet soups with you, but let's call them the PYD, as they're known in English - are indeed an offshoot of the PKK, the Kurds of Turkey. The PKK are the internationally recognized terrorist group, the avowed enemies of the Turkish state. For the past many months, the United States and most of our other coalition partners have drawn a distinction between the PYD, the Kurds of Syria, who have been battling against ISIS very fiercely since last October, on the one hand, as people that we needed to work with and on the other hand, the PKK, whom we recognized years ago, as an enemy of our Turkish ally. That distinction is really important to us, and the Turkish government practically have accepted that distinction.","Has something changed with Turkey?Because the last time we spoke with you, Mr. Ambassador, it was to ask you if Turkey really was an ally in the effort against ISIS.","Well, I think there can be less question of that now. The United States' larger strategy with respect to Syria in the region remains to be articulated beyond the need to defeat and destroy ISIS. The Turks continue to see the strategic problem in different terms but now very much including the need to defeat ISIS. So there's more common ground than there was before, and it's more overt and explicit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied Meaning: The speaker's use of sarcasm suggests that they do not believe the statement they just made is true, and instead are expressing the opposite sentiment.","questions":"How did the speaker express their true sentiment in turn 1?","answer":"Opposite"}
{"text":["Brazil is one of the leading producers of two very important crops: soy and corn. But lately, frozen credit has made it nearly impossible for farmers there to afford the basics that they need to grow those crops. Brian Willott farms 2,000 acres of soybeans just outside Bahia, Brazil. He joins us now by phone.","Welcome, Brian, and can you explain for us how the credit situation there in Brazil has affected you and other farmers?","Credit's a big problem right now. No farmer can survive today without credit, and since the credit crunch hit, everyone's credit has either been cut, delayed or more expensive. And it's got everyone here quite worried.","What do you use loans for?How important is it?What do you use it to buy?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Credit is important for farmers to survive and the credit crunch has made it more expensive and difficult to obtain","questions":"How has the credit crunch affected farmers in Brazil?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["The videos of the embryos. He does sort of time lapse of human development, and it was really fascinating to watch, going from this sort of little hard to, you know, nondescript ball to what you would recognize. . .","As an embryo.",". . . as an embryo or a fetus.","This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow talking with Flora Lichtman about our Video Pick of the Week, and it's a - videos of embryos, all different kinds of embryos. So you got the film, the footage. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This is an idiomatic expression that refers to a selected video for the week, rather than a literal pick of a video.","questions":"What is the Video Pick of the Week?","answer":"Shattered"}
{"text":["Yeah. That - yeah.","OK. I mean, this is the kind of thing that's kind - it just amazes me that we didn't know the answer to this. But apparently there was, you know, a study about a hundred years ago, and some people thought that maybe there was an oil on the legs of the spiders. And then other people didn't believe that and thought that the spiders just avoid the sticky parts of the web because it does - it turns out that not the whole web is sticky. I didn't know that, but just the spiral part is the only sticky part of the orb web. The structural lines. . .","So the spokes are not sticky.","The spokes - right, not sticky."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : none","questions":"What part of the web is sticky?","answer":"Spiral"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. Staycation. It's one of those newfangled words that's caught on fast. A vacation is when you vacate. You take off, you stay in a hotel, or camp out, or see the sights. A staycation is - well, you got it. With soaring gas prices and plane tickets, this was supposed to be the summer of staying at home. But was that prediction off the mark?If you're thinking about traveling soon or for the winter holidays, what should you keep in mind?With us to talk about both of those issues we've got Madeline Nunn, senior travel agent with the Richmond, Virginia, branch of the American Automobile Association, or Triple-A. Hi, Madeline.","How are you?","I'm great. So, back in May, a Rand McNally survey found that two-thirds of Americans planning road trips this summer said they would shorten their trips or cancel them all together. Summer is wrapping up, so what actually panned out?","Well, actually, the staycation thing is sort of a myth, so to speak, because Americans are traveling. They're traveling because they are hard-working and they need the rest and the revitalization. They need this vacation. So, what we're finding is that they're not staying home, per se. Some are just staying a little closer to home. And sometimes they're limiting the length of time that they may take for this vacation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Staycation is a vacation taken close to home.","questions":"What is the newfangled word that has caught on fast according to PersonB in the dialogue?","answer":"Staycation"}
{"text":["All right, Mario. We have to jump in. RushmoreDrive. Give me the skinny.","OK, RushmoreDrive. The skinny is this is a black search engine. And I think it's time for a black search engine. The answer is going - the question is going to be whether or not this will be successful due to advertising. The Pew Internet says that 56 percent of African-Americans now use the Internet, so is there really a need for a black search engine?I put in \"Farai Chideya. \"I was able to see news about you, videos, your blog posts, images. . .","Scary!","It's comprehensive. It's clean. Hey, you're all over the place, what can I say?I think there's a real need for this. The issue is going to be whether or not they can market it right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies that the speaker is proposing the need for a black search engine, even though there are other search engines available, and believes that it could be successful with proper marketing.","questions":"How comprehensive is the black search engine discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Comprehensive"}
{"text":["And from New York, Serena Blanchard, as in: From Serena, 1988. Thank you for being with us.","Thank you for having me.","Now, Ms.  Blanchard, you were only 8. So how did you wind up getting cited in this eminent textbook?","I wanted to write a poem for my father's book. I wanted to write an introduction. Apparently, he was looking for some form of dedication page. So I was tying my shoe one day, and I came up with a poem, and I offered it to my father and to Stan. But I think Dad can probably explain the rest from there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) B: Now, Ms. Blanchard, you were only 8. So how did you wind up getting cited in this eminent textbook?  The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking how an 8-year-old got cited in a textbook. However, the implied meaning could be that the speaker is curious about the circumstances that led to this unexpected accomplishment, or that the speaker is impressed by the achievement and wants to know more about it.","questions":"What did Ms. Blanchard offer to her father and Stan?","answer":"Poem"}
{"text":["Do you go back and see your plays often after they're up and running?","Yes, I do. I mean, in the old days, I didn't, and I was very sorry for it. And I had to learn to do it because we have something we call, especially in the world of large shows, a lot of people killing babies where the director comes back and basically says, you know how they used to just come in and say hello?Well, you know, I think instead of coming in now, pirouetting with a finger up your butt, why don't you just go back to coming in and saying, hello?","And we do that fairly frequently because people do get bored, and they elaborate without even necessarily knowing they've elaborated. What's unusual is that the guys in \"Death of a Salesman\" simplify. They don't add. They simplify and they get truer, and they find each other more. I've never quite seen it to this extent, but it's very exciting to see and I'd like to go back and see it as often as I can.","You described some playwrights, Beckett, for example, as somebody whose work seems to back away from you the closer you get it. But Miller's play, you say, is not like that."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: I regret not reviewing my plays in the past.","questions":"How does PersonA refer to directors' behavior in large shows?","answer":"Simplify"}
{"text":["The inspector general also alleges that lucrative government contracts were given to friends and former colleagues of the bureau. And this isn't the first criticism by the inspector general of the Minerals Management office. Last year, that office was accused of making mistakes in the royalties that calculated for the industry. It saved companies more than 10 billion dollars. So, at the very least, this latest investigation gives ammunition to the people who say that the Bush administration is too close to the oil and gas industry.","And so, this directly affects taxpayers and consumers?","Well, you know, the head of the Minerals Management Agency says, no, that the agency has been collecting the proper amount of royalties, but the report says some oil companies were allowed to revise their payments downward after their contracts were finalized. And outsiders have to wonder why would the industry be giving gifts to employees of this agency, if they didn't want something in return?","OK. Still on oil, another story. OPEC announced it will be cutting production. What does that mean?","Well, they do want to cut production to keep the price high, but you know, Saudi Arabia said today that it isn't necessarily going to stick to those quotas and produce what the cartel imposed late on Tuesday. So, the prospect that Saudi Arabia might continue to crank out high levels of crude is pushing oil prices down, even as Hurricane Ike barrels down on the Gulf of Mexico."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The oil industry may be involved in bribery to get favorable treatment","questions":"What allegation is made about the oil industry?","answer":"Bribery"}
{"text":["And?","And it got huge. I don't know.","What happens?How does something go viral on Craigslist?I don't even know.","I don't know. I mean, I tweeted about it, and then it started getting passed around. And, you know, people started writing posts on blogs. I think someone called it, like, the most beautiful Craigslist missed connection post ever.","(Laughter) That's a very competitive category."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : viral implies that the information spread around quickly to other people","questions":"What does the term \"viral\" mean in the context of the Craigslist post?","answer":"Spread"}
{"text":["So alphabetically, Jeb Bush, Ben Carson, Hillary Clinton, Martin O'Malley, Bernie Sanders, who'd you like?","You know, I liked the fact that they all came. The important thing for the Urban League was that each of these five candidates accepted our invitation, came, and I think offered a serious perspective from their own point of view. They came in here. They talked about race. They talked about economics. They talked about the criminal justice system. They talked about cities. These issues don't get discussed on the main stage in many, many political debates and discussions. And so why we wanted them here, so they could talk about equality, talk about opportunity, develop those ideas in a way that will not, and - or, I should say, historically has not happened in this campaign up until this point.","Mr.  Morial, another unarmed black man was killed by an officer in Cincinnati. I wonder if you have some ideas you want to bring to our attention about how to try to repair a shattered relationship between black citizens and police.","It's an American tragedy of untold proportions, particularly as we've seen it play out in the last two years. Our ten-point justice plan recommended that body cameras and dash cameras be mandatory for all law enforcement all the way across the country. But we also believe that more must be done when it comes to police officer hiring, police officer training, and police officer accountability. The community wants to and must trust its police if they're going to be allies is in what we all want, and that is safer communities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"talk about race\", \"talk about economics\", \"talk about the criminal justice system\", \"talk about cities\" - these phrases are not meant to be taken literally as in simply having a conversation about those topics. Rather, the speaker means that they want the candidates to address these topics seriously and meaningfully, and to offer their perspectives and ideas on them.","questions":"How did the speaker want the candidates to address the four topics mentioned in turn 1?","answer":"Serious"}
{"text":["Amyloid is a very big one. We need to fulfill our research obligations there to examine it to the hilt. But there could be other proteins, the Tao protein, Alpha Synuclein, a variety of other proteins that could be involved, and hence we need to throw the landscape open with respect to what might be other potential targets in the various cascades that are described to produce the results of Alzheimer's disease.","I have about 20 seconds left, but just in this last little bit, there's a clinical test - a clinical trial to test this drug starting soon. Will these new studies affect that trial?","No, I don't think so. I mean, I think that the phase one trial of Bexarotene going forth in humans to test its safety and efficacy I think is entirely appropriate. So I would not pull back. I mean, there are some cautionary notes in these papers, but I wouldn't sabotage the overall program by this.","Thank you for joining us today."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : We need to examine it as much as we can possibly can. We need to get people involved with Alzheimers to learn about  other things that can cause the disease.","questions":"How many proteins are mentioned as potential targets for research besides Amyloid?","answer":"FOUR"}
{"text":["I think a lot of people are afraid of science, really, which is bad news for everybody, because we really all need to understand a certain amount of science in order to make decent policy about the world we live in. But the truth is, translating scientific ideas from physics and mathematics and biology into vernacular English is difficult enough, and then translating it into fiction so that it's all there unobtrusively is extremely challenging.","And that was both a daunting and a really fun part of this novel, because I had to - in order to write about - in order to bring the reader into this world of scientists studying climate change in front of their eyes, they have to know something about the physics of why warm air holds more moisture. I wrote in this novel about the difference between correlation and causation. One of my pet peeves. . .",". . . with journalists who - when they report on science. There - this novel even mentions the ice-albedo effect. I was really excited listening to your previous half hour when I heard that word, albedo effect. That's in my novel. But it's not every easy to do, and it requires a certain comfort with the literature and with the subject to begin to translate that into plot and character and to make it really compelling so that people who might think they're afraid of science can read this novel, enjoy this novel without knowing that they're being educated in science.","I mean, it sounds like you felt compelled to really get the science right in this, even thought it's fiction, to get that accurate."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The novel educates readers about science in an unobtrusive way","questions":"How does the novel teach readers about science?","answer":"Unobtrusively"}
{"text":["Yes. So I had shut what was left of the door, and I go outside. The waves are, like, 7, 8 feet above me, crashing over my head.","How did you survive that?","So a few days before, my sister made me promise to get a life vest. I said, yeah, yeah, yeah, I'll get one. But I didn't. And I was removing a dock ladder just so it wouldn't get damaged in the storm. And I was removing it, and a life vest floated up to me.","A life vest just came to you. That's incredible."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : crashing over my head means that the waves were so big they were above the person's head.","questions":"What was the height of the waves in relation to the person's head?","answer":"8"}
{"text":["But a number of scientists say the issue has become so politicized that we're ignoring the real facts. They say study after study have shown that emergency contraceptives like Plan B inhibit or delay ovulation, they do not interfere with implantation.","Dr.  Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson has conducted some of this research. She's professor and chair of the Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Karolinska Institute in Sweden, and she joins us from Bergen, Norway. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","Are these abortion pills?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"She joins us from Bergen, Norway\" implies that the speaker is conducting an interview remotely with someone who is in a different location.","questions":"How did the speaker conduct the interview?","answer":"Remotely"}
{"text":["That's quite a big change. Now either at this point people just think the Master of the Universe have all crashed, but they haven't, they haven't yet.","And I'm sure they'll figure out a way to survive and thrive.","I'm not - I don't - I'm not asking for anybody - tears for them because nobody is going to - a lot of these people have already put away the necessary nut, they call it. That is an amount of money that you've salted away in weather proof investments, that will yield enough interest for you to live a very high life in a place like Greenwich. I would say though that today, that nut has to be at least $40 million. If interest rates on bonds sink low enough, you might need 50 million. But I think it wouldn't hurt to live a little more simply, you know.","Tom Wolfe, he's the author of \"Bonfire Of The Vanities\". Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : THERE IS A BIG CHANGE THE PEOPLE HAVE ALREADY LOST THEIR MONEY","questions":"What have the people lost?","answer":"Money"}
{"text":[". . . near-Earth objects, and they are very, very useful.","Yeah. What kind of metal?You looking for platinum, gold?What's the holy grail here?","Well, there's lots of different types of asteroids, and each type has a different concentration of different types of elements. So a certain type of asteroid is very high in nickel and iron. Those are useful, ultimately. Another type is very high in water, which is extremely useful. Other volatiles as well, things like methane, which you know better as natural gas.","Let me stop you there for a minute because we have plenty of water on this planet. I mean, do we have to go to an asteroid to mine it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker in (2) is implying that they are looking for something rare and valuable, such as precious metals or other valuable resources, rather than simply asking what type of metal they are looking for.","questions":"Which type of asteroid has a high concentration of water?","answer":"Water"}
{"text":["OK.  Let's start with those navigators you spoke of. Now, in what way have they been considered quite necessary?","So the navigators give people in-person one on one help to help choose a health plan and to sign up. And, you know, health insurance is very confusing. There's deductibles. There are the premiums. There are copayments, so it's really hard to know what services you're going to get and what it's really going to cost. But HHS says after several years, they aren't really necessary anymore because now people understand insurance better, so they don't need that kind of intensive help. Navigator defenders, though, don't agree because they say now their role is to get to those people who still after all these years haven't gotten insurance.","The ones that in a way are most confused. . .","Exactly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite HHS claiming people understand insurance better, navigators still play an important role in helping uninsured individuals choose health plans","questions":"How do navigators still play a role in helping uninsured individuals?","answer":"Intensive"}
{"text":["Yes. There are tens of thousands of North Koreans who are hiding in China today. At the peak in the late '90s, early 2000s, there were more than half a million. But in - about 25,000 have made it safely to South Korea where they're living today. And about 140, 150 have come to the United States, and there have been several hundred who've gone to Europe.","And this underground railroad, obviously the phrase we associate with escaped slaves from the South before the Civil War, but the analogy, you say, is apt.","The analogy is very similar. It's a secret network of safe houses and routes - secret routes across the country. It's staffed. It's operated mostly by Christians, similar to the original Underground Railroad, though there are also people who are in it for the money who are involved - brokers and human traffickers. And many of the people who help the North Koreans in China are ethnically Korean. That is they're Korean-Chinese or they're South Korean or there are - they are Americans who are of Korean heritage. I interviewed a number of the rescuers, and their stories are incredibly inspiring. Especially in this Christmas season, you think about these are people who are living their faith by going to a hostile country to help, and helping people that nobody else in the world is prepared to help.","And it's interesting. You tell the story of one of them: Adrian Hong."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : tens of thousands refer and implies large number ","questions":"Which 'peak' is mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"late"}
{"text":["Well, I would say that he is a guy that tends to see silver linings in dark clouds. And, you know, this is a man that, in private business, had 10,000 lawsuits over his career, so I think he has a unique ability to sort of quarantine in his mind the impact some of these things have.","And what's the risk in that?","Well, I think the implications, again, is that it's not just about Zelenskiy. It's not about the Ukraine. It's not about Rudy. It's - the can has been opened. Now we have to see if there's good soup inside or worms, right?They're going to be looking for stuff - the House Democrats - that are not going to be very glowing and positive about the president. So if we think these revelations are not good - and now they might get an expedited subpoena power with the impeachment process under way. It's not good.","Does the seriousness of this cast a shadow on the White House?Are they concerned about what, for instance, is going to be coming out today?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Does the seriousness make the government look or feel bad about it?","questions":"What question does PersonB ask in response to PersonA's statement about the seriousness of the situation?","answer":"Concerned"}
{"text":["We're playing the waiting game. We had a submarine try to break loose on us in Muskogee, and it's a completely unique problem. When you talk to the state emergency management officials, they don't know how to handle a World War II submarine.","So let's paint a picture for people listening, trying to imagine what you are able to see. Usually, the Batfish, which is how many feet long?","Three hundred eleven feet long.","Normally, it sits in the middle of a big kind of lawn - meadow. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Batfish is not on water but on land.","questions":"What is the location of the Batfish?","answer":"Muskogee"}
{"text":["So - but they did these kits, which also are - each one of them is a box that contain a lot of evidence that could be tested. And so yes, we have a problem in this country with rape culture. You see that going on right now. It's never been more evident than it is now - rape culture, sexual harassment culture, all of that.","And so training was also needed. Back then, when we first started, we had found police reports in some files that we pulled where police officers were writing very disparaging things about our victims - not believing them, dismissing their cases, not bothering to work on them. And so that was a part of it as well - not just the neglect, not just no money but just active rape culture in play, where they just did not care.","Based on your expertise, this is happening in a number of cities and counties. Isn't it?","Yeah. There are estimated to be over 400,000 untested abandoned rape kits in this country. And I don't know if you're familiar with Michigan Stadium right here in our state. It seats over 100,000 people. When I tell people that the amount of untested kits in this country that they're estimated to be - you can fill up the biggest college or national football stadium in the country four times. And that's if each kit represents a victim - which it does - and you think of game day at Michigan Stadium four times over, that's how many we have in this country. And that's probably a conservative estimate. It is absolutely horrible. And hopefully, it is changing, albeit very slowly."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Police officers have been dismissive and neglectful towards rape victims.","questions":"How were some police officers treating rape victims?","answer":"Disparaging"}
{"text":["And how have the volatile markets affected the pension funds that you're responsible for?","Well, it has definitely had an impact, but like most pension plans, we're extremely well-diversified. But we still are down a little over 20 percent for the fiscal year, which is - started in June 30. But we're down less than the Dow, and less than the S&P, because we're in a fairly diversified portfolio, with just over half of our exposure to the equity market at all. We have an exposure of almost 40 percent to bonds and about 10 percent to real estate.","But as you mentioned, you are down. So, what happens to the city employees who are scheduled to receive their pension now or in the near future?","With San Diego's pension system, like most pension systems around the country, the current environment in any particular month is less important than the one day a year you take a snapshot of our assets and liabilities. And for us, that's June 30th. So, the current economic impact hasn't had any real impact yet, and we won't know what, if any, impact it has on the plan until June 30th, when our actuary will take a snapshot of our assets. The market may have recovered with the new administration and a new economic team and the stimulus measures being talked about in Washington. Who knows where the market will be June 30?But that's the date that will have an impact on our plan and most around the country."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Pension plan has been impacted by volatile markets, but due to diversification, it has not been severely impacted.","questions":"What is the reason for the pension plan being less impacted compared to the Dow and S&P?","answer":"Diversification"}
{"text":["Alan Dershowitz is a fine legal scholar. He's welcome on this show any time. But in any event, one had to make note of that. Way before Steven Spielberg and \"Jaws,\" did - what's still called the Chappaquiddick incident in which a young woman, Mary Jo Kopechne, died when she was in the back of a car driven by Senator Edward Kennedy, went off the bridge at Chappaquiddick. Did that bring the worst kind of attention to the vineyard?","I think that that was when people first started to think about - see, the vineyard entered the world stage because of Chappaquiddick. And this kind of remote island that was a secret in many ways became not a secret. It was about three or four years later, I think, in '73, that Spielberg decided he wanted to film \"Jaws. \"And the vineyard came up as a setting because it was so authentic, although that word's kind of annoying these days. But it was so authentically weather-beaten and New England-y (ph).","And Spielberg had looked at some places on the West Coast, but a lot of the beaches there in the background might have a high rise. They were developed in some ways. This was an extremely undeveloped part of the world. It's tried to remain undeveloped, though now it seems as if almost every house there has a swimming pool. A friend of mine once said, and I quoted this, that \"pretty soon, the island will be a donut. \"","Pretty soon the island will be a donut.","In other words, there'll be land surrounded by a hole filled with water."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"It's tried to remain undeveloped\" - The island itself does not have the capacity to try to remain undeveloped. This is a personification of the island that means the people living on the island have tried to prevent it from being developed.","questions":"What is the personification in turn 2?","answer":"People"}
{"text":["It's always the fights inside the family that can get rough. Things got rough this week in the Democratic Party after freshman Representative Ilhan Omar of Minnesota made more remarks many saw as anti-Semitic. The House finally passed an anti-hate resolution condemning anti-Semitism and - well, a lot of things, I think, including dandruff. Did it solve or aggravate divisions?Susan Davis, NPR congressional correspondent, joins us. Sue, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning, Scott.","Everything better now?","(Laughter) Well, every Democrat in the end did vote for the resolution, so they were unified in the end, but it certainly did provide a roadmap for the kind of divisions we might see going forward."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Despite being unified there are many roads to go forward to in order to find their goal to reach.","questions":"What did the resolution provide for the Democrats?","answer":"Unity"}
{"text":["Thank you.","What's your concern?Why did you write this letter?","America is an exceptional country, the best in the world. But we have our blind spots. And in our history, you'll see discrimination against Asian-Americans. We've had the Chinese Exclusion Act, Alien Land Laws and then, in World War II, we interned over 100,000 Americans who happened to be of Japanese descent. And recently, we have a number of Asian-Americans that have been arrested - indicted for alleged spying - and then having all those charges dropped. And this is a long history of discrimination. We want to make sure that this does not keep recurring.","Of course, as I don't have to tell you, it is a fact that Chinese hackers have been accused of stealing intellectual property from U. S.  businesses and breaching U. S.  government systems. That's a concern for you, too?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : America is an exceptional country, the best in the world. But we have our blind spots. And in our history, you'll see discrimination against Asian-Americans. We've had the Chinese Exclusion Act, Alien Land Laws and then, in World War II, we interned over 100,000 Americans who happened to be of Japanese descent. And recently, we have a number of Asian-Americans that have been arrested - indicted for alleged spying - and then having all those charges dropped. And this is a long history of discrimination. We want to make sure that this does not keep recurring.  In this turn, the actual meaning goes beyond the literal meaning of describing the history of discrimination against Asian-Americans in the United States. It implies a desire for awareness, acknowledgment, and action to prevent such discrimination from happening again in the future.","questions":"What is the topic of the discrimination mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Asian-Americans"}
{"text":["Yeah. A chap called Paolo Campana seems to have been the first with the idea that you should eat a dish of pasta all'Amatriciana and donate some money to relief efforts - a euro, two euros, a couple of dollars. That was taken up fairly quickly by the Red Cross here in Italy. They've got a very clever campaign based on the fact that the ama in Amatriciana is love, so, you know, kind of playing on that and asking people to donate money when they eat a dish of pasta. A lot of restaurants here in Italy got on board very quickly. Paolo Campana said that he had 700 within a day of putting the idea up and lots of restaurants outside Italy.","Do you have a favorite version of the dish?","The simple one, the purest one, yeah. I don't particularly want it with onion or garlic. I think they overpower it. And I prefer just a little bit of hot pepper rather than black pepper, which is what some people put in. Interesting, you know, there's an idea to have a virtual sagre. I mean, these food festivals, they're called sagre, and they take place in every little town in Italy. And some people have put forward the idea that over the weekend, you cook a dish of Amatriciana, have some friends, post a photo, use a hashtag and donate some money to the relief efforts. That's a fun idea. You can, of course, just donate money to the relief efforts without having to cook.","Jeremy Cherfas wrote about pasta all'Amatriciana for NPR's The Salt, and he spoke to us from Rome. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) implies the speaker's approval of the idea of having a virtual sagre","questions":"What did Jeremy Cherfas do for NPR's The Salt?","answer":"Wrote"}
{"text":["But I think that the common thread in a lot of these cities is just that these systems are old. The systems are old and maintenance has been deferred on them. And, you know, in different ways and at different times, that's starting to catch up.","So it's part of the crumbling infrastructure problem in America?","(Laughter) Yeah, you could say that. I mean, I think that, you know - and certainly, when you think about it, these are some of the oldest pieces of infrastructure we have. Often when we talk about the crumbling infrastructure, folks are worried about our highway system or our bridges and so forth. But as you said, New York subway system is 112 years old. Boston's is even older. The rail system in San Francisco is also quite old. So this is some of the oldest infrastructure we have. And so it's not that surprising that it's starting to give out.","It's a special kind of horror to be delayed for, let's say, even half an hour or even five minutes, for that matter, in a subway car that's stalled that has no electricity that's well underneath the ground and the air is stifling. And that - just the fear of that happening is enough to drive people away, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"So it's part of the crumbling infrastructure problem in America?\" Implicated meaning: B is implying that the issue discussed in the previous statement is an example or a manifestation of the larger problem of deteriorating infrastructure in the United States. It suggests that the old and poorly maintained systems mentioned are indicative of a broader issue.","questions":"Which problem is the issue discussed in the previous statement an example of?","answer":"Infrastructure"}
{"text":["I was so exhausted. And all of sudden, we just had this baby. The nurse was handing me this baby, and she's poopy. And it just was so messy. And it just - both of us immediately just started crying. It just was so joyful. It just felt perfect.","Before Hazel was born, though, Lindsey had a lot to worry about.","When she was 20 weeks old - the 20-week ultrasound, she was diagnosed with a fetal heart condition. So we weren't sure what condition she's going to be in when she came out. And she just let out this big scream and just kicking. It was just like she burst into the world. And, you know, just immediately we kind of knew this is a healthy baby. She is alive and. . .","She let you know."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), \"She let you know\" implies that Hazel showed through her actions that she was healthy, even though her diagnosis had been uncertain.","questions":"Which action showed that Hazel was healthy?","answer":"Actions"}
{"text":["So it's worth pointing out the reason the special counsel did not indict the president was because he said Justice Department policy says you cannot indict a sitting president. What the president's lawyers then argued in this case is the president cannot even be investigated. And the judge said, no, that the investigation has to be allowed to go forward. And if it can't, it would mean not only the president, but - and I'm quoting here - any accomplices could escape being brought to justice.","Do we know of any accomplices?I mean, who might the judge have been referring to there?","So we don't know exactly. But we do know that the president's business is being examined for falsifying business records because those hush money payments - they were claimed to be a legal retainer, which they were not. Third parties are being examined as well. This is a major aspect of the DA's argument, which the court has now agreed with. You have a local prosecutor looking into local crimes, and he's saying, what?No one can be held to account if they did a crime with the president. If you extend this argument, the president could have actually shot someone on Fifth Avenue, the judge was implying. And if he did, no co-conspirators could be held to account if you went along with the Trump lawyers' arguments, according to the federal judge today.","So the Second Circuit has issued a stay. What happens next?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The president can not be indicted while in office ","questions":"How was the president's immunity from indictment explained by the special counsel?","answer":"Justice-Department-policy"}
{"text":["Have you been able to solve any specific problems in real time yet?I mean, you can see where, for expatriates, this is probably relieving to have something that you can do to help to try to help because it has to be frustrating to live outside the country and have your countrymen and probably your relatives going through all this. And you probably feel like, you know, what can I do?","Yes. So in the hackathon, we had 17 submissions. Three of them were completed, and four our ongoing. So like, you know, one of the ones that, you know, we're pretty excited is related to this Twitter data where people are, like, requesting medicines or offering medicine. A team built a Twitter bot that replies to those requests and try to match - do matchmaking between offer and the match.","That's exciting. I mean, I'm guessing this has been a fulfilling project for you. I mean, how has it made you feel to work on this and to see your work starting to grow?","Amazing. I think this is the best I've felt in a long time - to actively solve and engage with, you know, challenges in the country has been very gratifying for us as a team."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Expatriates may feel a sense of relief from being able to contribute in some way, despite being outside the country.","questions":"Which group of people may feel relieved by being able to contribute in some way, despite being outside the country?","answer":"Expatriates"}
{"text":["Sure, end-to-end encryption means that whether it's a phone call we're on or an email message we're sending or any form of electronic communication, that the content of that communication is encrypted from your device, such as your phone or PC, unto the other person's device at the other side, wherever they might be on the planet Earth. So end-to-end encryption, keeps things encrypted and that means that law enforcement, without a warrant, cannot read that information","They can't intercept or break into. . .","Correct. Now, with a warrant, they can always go to the information service provider and attempt to get that information. But even then, they may not be able to because the party selling the encryption services may be a third party and may not even know who the parties are that are communicating.","So what is the argument that tech companies make about the feasibility of designing technology that would satisfy everyone's concerns?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied Meaning: Even with a warrant, law enforcement may not be able to get the information they are looking for because the encryption service provider may not even know who the parties are that are communicating. ","questions":"Which party may not even know who the parties are that are communicating?","answer":"Provider"}
{"text":["The show was political. I mean, it didn't shy away from really difficult issues, took sharp aim at President Trump on several occasions. Did that play into Netflix's decision to cancel it, do we have any idea?","I don't get any sense that Netflix canceled it over the political content. If anything, the political content is one of the reasons why they treated this cancellation a bit differently and a bit more gently than they ordinarily do - because there were not a lot of shows out there about a Latin American family with a predominantly Latinx cast dealing with these issues about immigration, LGBTQ issues. You know, every episode has some kind of hot-button subject. You know, one of the characters is a recovering alcoholic. Another has PTSD from serving in the military. So it touched on a lot of things.","And that was one of the things the audience loved about it. I don't think, based on a lot of the other content Netflix has, that that would have been a reason to get rid of it. I think it was purely a financial decision or, you know, whatever the finances actually were.","And the show can't just get plucked up by someone else."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implicated meaning: The political content of the show is one of the reasons why Netflix treated the cancellation differently and more gently than they typically do. The show dealt with many sensitive and relevant topics, making it unique and important for representation.","questions":"Which topics did the show deal with?","answer":"Hot-button"}
{"text":["Sure.","We are always so grateful when you come on this show. I got to tell you - we got a lot of noes from Republicans who didn't want to come on this show and talk about gun policy, except, you know, maybe they'll go on Fox News. If the Republicans are proud of their record on guns, why not be interviewed about it?","Well, I can't speak for all of my colleagues on this. I mean, we obviously have a very serious violence problem in the country and particularly a firearm violence issue. And that - you know, we must address it. That said, we also have to respect the rights of people who own. . .","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implies that while the issue of violence and firearm violence must be addressed, the rights of gun owners should be respected as well.","questions":"How should gun owners' rights be treated according to turn 2?","answer":"respected"}
{"text":["And what did Ben Bernanke say to you in terms of admitting that perhaps that was a mistake, or anything else?Did he say to you that he made any mistakes along the way?","Well, I think he did, you know - as I say, the sort of news in the article was that he did concede that the Fed and he had been slow to understand really what was going on with this subprime crisis. I mean, it's easy to be critical. A lot of people on Wall Street didn't understand it, either, a lot of people in the Treasury Department. In fact, it's very hard to find anybody at all who really understood the full scale of this, you know, going back six, twelve months.","There were people saying that there was going to be a housing, you know, a housing collapse. I'd even said that myself. But nobody really realized how intertwined the financial system was with the financial markets. And nobody realized that a drop in house prices would basically render much of the American financial system insolvent, which is what has happened.","John Cassidy is a staff writer at the New Yorker Magazine. His article on Ben Bernanke is in this week's issue. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : along the way means in this context throughout a period of time","questions":"How did PersonA describe the news in the article regarding Ben Bernanke's admission?","answer":"Slow"}
{"text":["You centered your article around a book that came out in May - \"The Black Witch\" by Laurie Forest. It had some buzz. Kirkus says, quote, \"engaging character set in a rich alternative universe with a complicated history - a massive page turner that leaves readers longing for more. \"But in March, the buzz took a turn. What happened?","A blogger who had an advanced reader's copy of the book disagreed with the reigning buzz and penned a 9,000 word review decrying it, basically, as an end-to-end mess of unadulterated bigotry. So this blogger disagreed with the premise of the book, which basically centers on a girl becoming enlightened to the fact that she's been indoctrinated into an ideology of racist superiority.","And once she had formed this opinion, she - you know, she wrote her review. And she got online and basically called for the activist crowd on young adult Twitter to boost it. And because of online dynamics being the way they are and because of how fast outrage travels, on Twitter especially, it really just blew up into a huge controversy that lasted for multiple weeks right up until the book released.","Did a lot of people who kind of piled on bother to read the book?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is implying that the initial positive buzz surrounding the book was overshadowed by the negative review and the controversy that followed.","questions":"Which buzz took a turn?","answer":"Buzz"}
{"text":["Now, how does Ukraine come in?","It's very confusing, but let's see what I can do here. So on the Internet, things move really fast. It's like a huge game of telephone. So once this firm caught the attention of the far-right online, they discovered that it was owned by a Russian American man who had previously done some work for a think tank called the Atlantic Council. It's a D. C. -based think tank, sort of works alongside NATO. And it's a pretty innocuous place. It does research on misinformation and digital warfare, things like that.","And there's a Ukrainian oligarch who was on one of the advisory boards for the Atlantic Council. And it seems somewhere along the line, the Ukrainian oligarch became the owner of CrowdStrike. This is not true, of course. But when things are moving so fast online, facts start to combine together, and it becomes very confusing.","So the idea is people who are on the far-right, conspiracy theorists, went looking for a connection, went looking to say, who are these CrowdStrike guys?And once they do enough looking, they're able to find a Ukrainian oligarch who they say, aha, this is the connection. So what about this server that the president implied was somehow in Ukraine?I mean, he - on this call talked to Ukraine's leader and brought up CrowdStrike. What would he be looking for?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Somewhere along the process of the situation forming he becmae owner of Crowdstrike.","questions":"What was the position of the Ukrainian oligarch in the advisory board of the Atlantic Council?","answer":"Advisory"}
{"text":["Firefighting is dangerous - raging flames, choking smoke, hot, floating ash - but what about the long-term health effects that persist after the fire's been doused and firefighters have gone home?The Chicago Tribune investigated links between fighting fires and deadly cancers that can catch up to those first responders long after they leave a scene. Karen Ann Cullotta reported the story, and she told us she started looking into it after two firefighters in the Chicago area died.","I wrote obituaries for both of them, and I was kind of taken aback that they were both young, and these were what was being called line-of-duty deaths cancer deaths. So I started asking around different fire departments and saying, you know, is this something you're seeing?Is this something that's being talked about?And without exception, every department I spoke with said this is pretty much all we're talking about.","Is it the toxic smoke?What is it?","Yeah. So there's just - there's a lot of questions - unanswered questions. And while there's been research into this for years, it's still unfolding. They've always known that, of course, inhaling smoke is dangerous. But now, these studies are looking at these toxins that are in the smoke and that settle on the skin. So it's not just inhalation. It's actually getting into the skin and into the blood stream from exposed areas."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Firefighting can have long-term health consequences for first responders, including deadly cancers.","questions":"What is the potential risk for firefighters?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["We've seen the symbolism internationally too, haven't we?","We have. And perhaps the best-known example - in a small town in Thailand last month we saw three students who were arrested after protesting last spring's military coup by flashing the three-fingered salute - that's a symbol of District 12, Katniss' district in \"The Hunger Games. \"And you see things like that all over the world now. You see protesters in various parts of the world who not only wear T-shirts with \"Hunger Games\" slogans, but also have begun to use that three-finger salute as a symbol of protest not only in Thailand, but I'm told in Ukraine and other places as well.","What are we to make of the fact - I've wondered about this Stephen, the dystopian theme seems so popular as opposed to ethereal ones these days.","Dystopian novels always tend to feature a disaster followed by the good guys versus the bad guys in a very basic Manichaean sense. There's good and there's evil and there's no question about who the good and evil are. And we live in a political era of - where people on the left think everyone on the right is evil, everyone on the right thinks everyone on the left is evil. There's a tendency to paint our enemies as larger-than-life. And that fits perfectly with the general design of the dystopian story."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Why does the dystopian genre fit the current political climate?","questions":"What is the symbol of District 12 in \"The Hunger Games\"?","answer":"Three-fingered"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah, yeah, no, I mean, we do excited about it. And in the case of Pluto, we're excited about it because Pluto could be a remnant from the early solar system. It could really tell us a lot about how we all got here. So, for me, this was really the highlight of the year, personally. I mean, we - you know, humanity sends a probe from more than three billion miles away, so far away it took four and a half hours just for the photos to make their way back at the speed of light. And, you know, this little probe gets these great pictures, sends them back and we learn just an enormous amount. It was very cool.","Now, I don't want to leave without talking about space cuisine. I understand there were important advances in the grub you get in space.","That's right. Space food is notoriously horrible to eat. It's all this vacuum-packed, freeze-dried stuff. It's sort of - they - they extrude it out of these packages and it comes out as a paste. It looks awful. But this year, they managed to grow some lettuce up there. And so for the first time, astronauts were actually allowed to eat it. They brought up a little balsamic vinaigrette to put on it. You know, this sounds kind of trivial. It is a little silly, but it's not as easy as it sounds. I mean, remember, plants, you know, grow on Earth and. . .","Well, we've all seen the movie where they had a hell of a time trying to grow potatoes on Mars."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Turn (1) has a figurative meaning: \"highlight of the year\" does not refer to an actual bright light but rather an important event or achievement.","questions":"What was the reason for excitement about Pluto?","answer":"Remnant"}
{"text":["Yeah. So let's take Muslim China, you know, the western part of China - Uighur country. They use lamb, which they don't use in the rest of China, or very little. And their noodles are made from wheat. And they have bread. So that region has this food because of its religion and because of its proximity to Turkey.","The reason I called Anissa Helou is because of a dish I've been meaning to make for a long time. In her book, she has two versions - one from Egypt, one from Syria - a nutritious and simple meal made from beans that's perfect for Ramadan or for any time, really - ful medames, or simply ful.","Ful is a very filling dish. So if you ate ful at whatever hour, you could stay without eating anything or feeling very hungry for at least five, six hours.","Helou join me in my kitchen here in D. C.  via video chat to teach me how to make both the Egyptian and the Syrian recipes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The food in a region is influenced by its religion and proximity to other countries.","questions":"Which dish is very filling and can make you stay without eating anything or feeling very hungry for at least five, six hours?","answer":"Ful"}
{"text":["(Laughter) I have no idea. I know that the pope - his five most famous words may be - who am I to judge?- which is about gay people. And I know that he has gay friends. You know, one of the people that he met with during his papal visit in the United States was a gay friend and his partner. So he's open to what he calls a culture of encounter and accompaniment. He's certainly in favor of listening to people and meeting them where they are. And so on that page, you know, we agree.","You suggest in a couple of sections of the book that there must be priests who are LGBT, but they are faithful to their vows of chastity.","Yeah, I know them. And, you know, by saying that a priest is gay, it doesn't mean that he's breaking his promise of celibacy or his vow of chastity or, you know, lesbian nuns. And one of the challenges for the church is to recognize these people and to see them as the gifts that they are as all LGBT people are to the church. They are gifts, beloved children of God who bring certain gifts and certain talents to our church, to the community.","Father James Martin - his book, \"Building A Bridge: How The Catholic Church And The LGBT Community Can Enter Into A Relationship Of Respect, Compassion, And Sensitivity\" - thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  expressing appreciation for Father James Martin's efforts to promote understanding and dialogue between the Catholic Church and the LGBT community, as reflected in his book.","questions":"What is Father James Martin's book about?","answer":"Relationship"}
{"text":["The response that I'd make to that is a couple of things. Part of it is a culture clash. In the West, we are very fetishistic about originality. We want to touch the object that the master touched. This goes back to the days of reliquaries when people had bits and pieces of saints that they carried around with them. The old saw in the East, as it's my grandfather's knife, I replace the handle. My father replaced the blade. It's my grandfather's knife.","For people in other parts of the world, the role of objects is not to somehow through the object itself bring you close to history. It is a visual cue that provides memories of history. The history and heritage resides in the mind. And that's what these reconstructions can certainly provide and have provided for hundreds and hundreds of years. Indeed, most of the sites in Sicily today are 19th century reconstructions.","I never knew that. I mean, I've been to Syracuse and all over Sicily and I was seeing reconstructions?","Absolutely. If you were in Syracuse, you certainly did. Naxos is a very good original site, but many of the other sites are significantly reconstructed."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Implied meaning: the West's obsession with originality is a cultural clash with the East's approach to objects, which is to replace the parts of objects and thus keep them alive in memory and history. ","questions":"What is the reason for the West's fetishistic approach to originality and how does it clash with the East's approach to objects?","answer":"Originality"}
{"text":["Good. So, you received about 8,500 questions in your Explainer inbox over the year, and it's your job to go through all of these and pick the ones that you then allow your readers to vote on for their top pick. Can you give us a sample of what's on the ballot?","Well, there's a wide range of questions. For example, one person asks, can an average person not in politics get a pardon from the president of the United States?","Good question.","Which is a - yeah, a question that we've actually gotten quite a few times, especially as Bush gets ready to leave office. But then this particular reader adds in parenthesis, possession of a forged instrument, October of 1989."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : top pick usually means the number one choice","questions":"Which position is usually referred to as top pick?","answer":"Number"}
{"text":["But he was like an incredible, incredible hero. And when I interviewed him, God, probably two months later, he had a stroke. A year later, he was dead. So these stores are like - I mean, they're disappearing every single day.","When you think about a story like that, where someone gave his all and didn't get a lot of credit for it, is that a theme that runs through the book?","It definitely runs through the World War II section. I mean, pretty much all the vets who served in World War II. I mean, I have a vet who was at Iwo Jima, another story you don't hear much about African-Americans serving there. Also a buffalo soldier I have who came home after, you know, fighting in Italy the worst of Hitler's troop. Comes home, the ship lands in Virginia, and the white people in the town turn their back on the black soldiers. They don't even want to look at them.","I mean, it was - they walked through the town, he said it was like they were convicts. People turned their backs on them. And he was with me at the Smithsonian. We had an event for some of these vets. And he cried when he talked about that. And everyone in the audience stood up and cheered for him. And it was 60 years later, but it was like he was coming home that day."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"they're disappearing every single day\" - This phrase is a metaphorical way of saying that the stories are being lost or forgotten over time, rather than literally disappearing every day.","questions":"What is the reason for the disappearing stories mentioned by A?","answer":"Beingforgotten"}
{"text":["Well, first, it's going to sell a majority stake in its most prized asset, its investment-management division. The bank will also slash its stock dividends and sell off much of its mortgage business. You know, this announcement was triggered yesterday by the collapse of a possible deal with the Korea Development Bank that would have given Lehman some much needed capital. But Lehman's been struggling for awhile. Like Bear Stearns, it's been caught with a lot of bad mortgage debt and investors who've been frustrated that Lehman can't come up with the money to cover that debt. They've driven the bank's stock price down 80 percent this year.","So, this is a big concern on Wall Street and a big concern in the banking industry. What about consumers, should they be concerned as well?","Well, consumers will be feeling the bank's pain, most likely in the form of higher interest rates for credit cards and car loans and mortgages. I talked to Jane D'Arista at the Financial Market Center, and she pointed out that last weekend, when the government announced that it would back up Fannie and Freddie's debts, mortgage rates dropped almost right away.","Ms.  JANE D'ARISTA (Director of Programs, Financial Market Center): We had that lively little bounce there in the mortgage market where the rates went down, and everybody is very hopeful that this will restart the process of making mortgages, therefore getting rid of inventory and therefore protecting the prices of the housing market. But Lehman may take that away."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Lehman's financial troubles are affecting consumers through higher interest rates.","questions":"Which bank is facing financial troubles affecting consumers?","answer":"Lehman"}
{"text":["And in talking to Smith, he's really thought a lot about what - why we have such a strong reaction to looking at embryos, and he's found this firsthand. I mean, and he gets emails all the time and sort of unpacks these questions, like, you know, is it - when you look at these pictures, does it strike you as more human or less human than you would have imagined, he asks. This is what he asked audience when he shows them. What is your experience with seeing these pictures in the past?You know, he said imagine 300 or 400 years ago, would - how would people imagine what an embryo is?This is a technologically. . .","Yeah. Yeah.",". . .  mediated experience.","And not only that, he's taken the technology faster - further, as you show. He's done MRIs, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In this context, \"Yeah. Yeah.\" is not meant to indicate agreement or affirmation, but rather a sign of impatience or boredom, suggesting that B is not particularly interested in the conversation or does not want to continue discussing the topic.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's comments about Smith's research?","answer":"Impatience"}
{"text":["No, because the guys used to sit on the porch and play their guitars and (unintelligible). And then would beat to the tap of their foot. So I kind of adapted that tanta-ta-tan-tum, tanta-ta-tan-tum(ph). I mean, because - I mean, my people - my relatives, most of them were from Jackson, Mississippi. So when they migrated to Indianapolis, they kind of brought a lot of that feeling.","When he said write a hit, that one song people know me all over the world, in Russia, Africa, Japan, all over the world, people, the first thing they say when they see me, \"Red Clay. \"","In the course of your career, you had, obviously, highs and you had some lows, and they've been described as personal problems. Without going into detail, are we to assume that those problems were substance abuse related?","Well, substance abuse, I wouldn't really say I had a problem with that. I mean, I would say that at one period in the '70s, I started partying, I was in Hollywood A-list(ph). And everybody would come up there, I mean, all kind of movie stars, all kind of football stars, basketball stars, actors. And I had a spot right there in (unintelligible) overlooking the (unintelligible). And the people that I had coming up there - now, the substance abuse, it was around because a lot of people who would come to see me would bring it. But I would never really say I had a habit or anything like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"Red Clay\" is the song that made me famous.","questions":"How is the song that made the speaker famous referred to?","answer":"Red-Clay"}
{"text":["Well, Michelle, we are going to miss you so much, but our listeners, they'll still be able to keep in touch with you, right?","Absolutely. I'm going to still be doing my column for the Washington Post. You can go to WashingtonPost. com. I have my own personal Web site, michellesingletary. com. And I've got a book coming out in the fall that I hope people get a hold of because it will help you during this crisis and afterwards. It's called \"The Power to Prosper: 21 days to Financial Freedom. \"And I'm going to, hopefully, come to some communities, and I hope people come out for some of the book readings.","All right Michelle, it's been a great pleasure interviewing you and speaking with you over the years. I've just loved your energy and your advice, and I wish you the very best, and thank you so much for being on our show.","You're so welcome. I'm really, really going to miss it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : She hopes people find a way to read the book that she has written.","questions":"Which book is Michelle hoping people read?","answer":"Book"}
{"text":["So wait, you're saying to invest in fat?","Well, exactly. Or to invest in companies that prevent that fat. So that's one potential demographic change. The amount of chocolate consumed worldwide is greater every year, particularly, you know, as you have a lower class in China that's moving towards the middle class.","The problems with clean water in these urban areas is getting larger and larger every year. For instance, right now, just about 50 percent of all hospital beds worldwide are filled with people suffering from clean-water-related diseases or unclean-water-related diseases. So making investments based on these trends and the others I discuss in the book could be enormously profitable in the long run.","Does the fact that this economy, which seems to just take hit after hit after hit, and it seems to be heading straight into a recession if not worst, does that at all change the advice that you give?And presumably, you wrote this book before all the really bad news hit."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The statement of A implied that he is suggesting investing in companies that are working to address the problem of lack of clean water","questions":"What type of companies is PersonA suggesting to invest in?","answer":"Clean-water"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Good morning.","The U. S.  has been unstoppable so far. Should the American women be worried about the Dutch?","Well, yes, the U. S.  has been amazing so far. They've only allowed three goals the entire tournament, and they've now won 11 World Cup games in a row, which is a record. But this could be a tricky match against the Netherlands. This Holland team has made it to the final by upsetting teams that were supposed to beat them. And this is, actually, only their second time playing in a World Cup. They made it to the round of 16 four years ago in Canada. But then they won the 2017 European Championships, and they've only gotten stronger since then.","All right, we'll get to Megan Rapinoe in a second. But I want to ask about the Dutch side first. Who are you watching there?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The teams were not upset emotionally but picked to win and lost.","questions":"Which teams?","answer":"Teams"}
{"text":["Thanks, Michel.","Now, you've been reporting along the border all day. What have you seen?","Well, I was at the actual border this morning. It's a river that divides Mexico and Guatemala. And there was no presence of authorities there. So there are these inflatable rafts that carry people and goods across the river, and they were traveling without a problem across the river. So I saw several groups of migrants cross this morning. But things change as you move north on highways here.","So I'm currently at a highway checkpoint. There's about a dozen Mexican migration officers, as well as Mexican Army and Mexican police. And they're stopping every van and bus that comes by here and checking it for undocumented migrants.","So tell us a little bit more, if you would, about what happens to travelers who arrive at those checkpoints."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Authorities are not present to regulate illegal border crossings.","questions":"How were the migrants crossing the river?","answer":"Inflatable"}
{"text":["At this point now, those are the two sectors that are continuing to grow, that are continuing to be job engines. And the reason why I stress this is that historically, sectors which grow in downturns are the ones that set the pace for the recovery that comes afterwards. So, if I'm looking out ahead, I would sort of say the fact that these sectors have continued to grow is going to set the pattern for the coming upturn. So, you asked me about other parts of the sector economy that are doing well. It is very difficult to find other parts of the economy. My guess is that the next part that's going to recover is technology, but right now that part is still paddling hard.","OK, we don't want to hear any bad news right now. So\u2026","No bad news. But\u2026","We must end it on an up note."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Sectors that grown when the economy is failing do better when the economy begins to improve.  The techology sector as a whole is trying hard to make money.","questions":"Which sector has continued to grow and is expected to set the pattern for the coming upturn?","answer":"Sectors"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me with you.","So, let's start with what exactly they are.","Okay. Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors. They're growth of muscle within the uterine wall. And sometimes they can be the size of a dime, and because of their location, they give you severe symptoms. And rarely, they can get to be the size of a basketball before they're recognized.","That's sounds pretty horrific.","It can be. It's amazing how much difficulty they can give to women that, in general, women can have severe menstrual bleeding - the kind of bleeding that keeps you home from work or keeps you from being able to do your daily activities - or they can press on a lot body structures. And they are very common, and it's surprising that so few women know that they have fibroids and that their symptoms may be related to them.","Now, research shows that about 25 percent of women in America are going to show some symptoms of fibroids, but they occur a lot more often in black women than white women. How much more often and why do scientists think that is?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors. They're growth of muscle within the uterine wall. And sometimes they can be the size of a dime, and because of their location, they give you severe symptoms. And rarely, they can get to be the size of a basketball before they're recognized. Implicated meaning: Providing information about fibroids, their size, and symptoms.","questions":"What can fibroids sometimes grow to before they are recognized?","answer":"Fibroids"}
{"text":["\"VIC\" (Member, Overeaters Anonymous): Hi.","Vic, I want to start with you, and I want to be very specific. Give me an example of a day when you completely lost control over your eating.","\"VIC\": It wasn't a day. It was the day before (Laughing) and that day and the next day. But anyway - OK, so I wake up in the morning, totally hung over. Dr.  Lerner - Marty - described very well, you know, having lost control. So, I wake up, I feel terrible, and the last thing I want to do, I think in my rational brain, is eat because I feel so bad. And yet, I know that if I take one bite of anything, I'll be off and running. And I'm scared. I'm really scared.","Let me just ask one thing. When you say hung over, do you mean hung over from overeating or hung\u2026"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Vic has lost control over eating in the past.","questions":"What happened to Vic in the past with regards to his eating?","answer":"Lost"}
{"text":["And there is a desperate need both for international humanitarian law to be observed in the conduct of the war to protect civilians but also for a move towards political negotiations and a political settlement, because it is now nearly two years since I sat at the United Nations with foreign ministers from the Gulf States who said they wanted a political settlement then. But it is no closer, and the bombing has undoubtedly deepened the divide inside Yemen and made it far harder to bring peace.","And this is the conduct of the war by Saudi Arabia?","The Saudi-led coalition has air power. The Houthis, who are an Iranian-backed rebel group, are on the ground. It's not the job of these humanitarians to take sides in the conflict. We don't take sides in the conflict. What we do is call out the abuse of international humanitarian law on all sides. And the striking thing about the Yemen conflict and the three other countries that are in danger of famine in Africa - in Somalia, in South Sudan that we've talked about, north and northeast Nigeria - these are man-made famine.","Mr.  Miliband, you've been a politician. How do you sustain interest in problems that are very remote from the lives of everyday Americans?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : inquiring about strategies or approaches politicians use to engage and maintain public attention for issues that may seem disconnected or less relevant to the lives of everyday Americans.","questions":"What is PersonB asking David Miliband about?","answer":"Engagement"}
{"text":["I also asked Precious Shumba if President Mugabe would have to leave Zimbabwe if he loses the election.","If Mugabe loses, it is widely expected he will have to negotiate on almost every facet of his life. So the issue of whether he would stay here in Zimbabwe or elsewhere entirely depends on the new administration probably led by the opposition.","Finally, I asked Precious, who lives in the poor urban heart of the capital city, why he chooses to stay in the country and if he ever questions being a journalist in Zimbabwe where his career is risky and sometimes dangerous.","It would be an act of cowardice if I were to say, I cease to be a journalist. I feel I'm accountable and needs to contribute to public discourse. So I'm not really intimidated or really afraid of what might happen to me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: If Mugabe loses, it is widely expected he will have to negotiate on almost every facet of his life. Here, the actual meaning is that if Mugabe loses the election, he will lose power and the new administration, possibly led by the opposition, will have the upper hand in negotiations.","questions":"How will Mugabe have to negotiate if he loses the election?","answer":"Negotiate"}
{"text":["Like, do they even know really how to describe it?","It's been heart-wrenching. You know, I'm a parent. I have a have an almost 3-year-old, and I, you know, had to try to interview some kids about that age over the last week and even kids a little bit older. One in particular who sticks out of my mind was a 7-year-old who, you know, I asked one question - who'd you come to the U. S.  with?She said, my aunt, and then she just broke down in tears and couldn't really say anything else.","The government is basically making the argument that they want to make sure that they connect kids with their proper legal guardians. I mean, is that in conflict with trying to protect them?","It is absolutely the government's responsibility above all to reunify kids with parents where that's appropriate and where that's in their best interest. What really worried me about speaking with kids on the border who had been held for, as I said, weeks in the Clint detention facility was that there has no evidence that anyone was making any efforts to reunify these kids with parents. I personally started tracking down parents where I could to connect them with their children. And in every case, they had had no idea where their child was, and no one had contacted them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker interviewed young children affected by the border crisis.","questions":"How would you describe the PersonA's experience with children affected by the border crisis?","answer":"Heart-wrenching"}
{"text":["Well, the government, it's been a little late and a little ad hoc, you know, beginning with the bailout of Bear Stearns. You know, the solutions were simply antiseptic, one-off types of solutions that ultimately led to bigger problems, and now, of course, in the last few weeks, the potential for one giant massive solution, but the ad hoc nature of it and the timeliness of the response has been a little lacking, in my opinion.","Well, now, we have this $850 billion rescue plan, $250 billion of that going directly into banks. That's something that you have called for in the last month. The government is responding. Still, in the markets, you don't see a sense of calm, and you write about that. America is afraid, you say.","Yes. America's afraid. Investors are afraid, and, you know, the delicate combination between Wall Street and Main Street has reinforced the fear of each.","From what I read, a fundamental source of the fear is this continuing uncertainty about what assets are worth. You have offered to help the government with that?You said you'd do it for nothing. Have you heard back from anybody at the Treasury?Have they called you up to say, gee, great, thanks, let's go to work?","Well, there have been discussions, Alex. We haven't had any final decision. We hope to hear, I suppose, within the next 24 to 48 hours, and so. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The government has not handled the financial crisis effectively.","questions":"Which crisis has the government been criticized for handling poorly?","answer":"a"}
{"text":["No. There have not been significant infrastructure improvements since that storm. County voters passed a $2. 5 billion bond a year ago, but these projects take time, and most are still in the design phase. They haven't started construction. And the city of Houston doesn't have a comparable funding source, and so the city and county are both mostly waiting on federal aid for disaster recovery. And that's been extremely slow to arrive.","Help me understand this a little bit better here. Is there a political consensus in the area about what needs to be done?Does that exist?","Probably mostly yes to that. I think people agree that we need to do more projects, dig more detention basins, accelerate widening and deepening of the bayous, the streams and rivers that run through the area. I think most people are generally on the same page about that. It's just a question of money. But you've got to remember that our infrastructure, even at current standards, is only designed to accommodate maybe one or two inches of rain per hour, and the county got four, five, six inches of rain in one hour. And some areas got 30 inches in little more than a day, when our region usually - the city usually gets 50 inches of rain in a year. No infrastructure system is going to be able to handle that kind of storm without flooding.","Maybe people aren't ready for this conversation yet. Are people marrying the bigger conversation about climate change with the local conversation about infrastructure?Are people ready to talk about that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Marrying two topic implies that people are grouping them together even if they are different.","questions":"Which two topics are being married in the conversation?","answer":"Climate,Infrastructure"}
{"text":["But I'm sure that there's something else that you want to share with us. You have your poems about California, poems about the blues.","I've got one. The once called \"Who I Am in Twilight. \"And it's a poem that is actually emblazoned on the sidewalk. And it's set in stone, as it were, on something called \"Poetry Walk\" in Berkeley, California. They put down on sidewalk, Addison Street, about a hundred poets', I think, work. So it's fun to go over there and see how posterity works, because always somebody has dropped some pizza on it, mashed out a cigarette on it, or something like that.","So don't live for posterity, live for now. But here it is. \"Who I am in Twilight. \"","Like John Lee Hooker, like Lightnin' Hopkins, like the blues himself. The Trickster Sonnet, hoedown, the tango, the cante jondo. Like blessed spirituals and ragas, custom-made. Like sagas. Like stories. Like slick, slow, sly, soliloquies sliding into dramas. Like crime and punishment. Like death and birth. Canal Street, New Orleans. Like the easy, erasable, troubled voices a whirling ceiling fan makes in deep summer nights in hot, un-heavenly hotels. Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee. Like the Mississippi River so deep and wide, you couldn't get a letter to the other side. Like Grand Canyon. Like Yosemite National Park. Like beans and cornbread. Like rest and recreation. Like love and like. I know we last. I know our bleeding stops."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The poet's work has been preserved in a special place in California.","questions":"How has the poet's work been recognized?","answer":"Emblazoned"}
{"text":["It really is. I don't think that people have an eye on the ground view. We're trying to help people. But helping people macro doesn't really satisfy people micro when it's happening in a neighborhood.","All right, Dr.  Melvo, thank you very much. Always good to hear your points of view.","Thank you, Tony.","That was author and economist, Dr.  Julienne Malveaux. She is also the president of Bennett College for Women in Greensboro, North Carolina."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Eye on the ground\" is not literal. It implies that people should view the situation from close up rather than far away.","questions":"Which view should people have on the situation?","answer":"Closeup"}
{"text":["In the courtroom, a lot of people cheered. And in lots of the capital, we were in coffee shops where people also cheered saying, you know, it's time for stability. But then there were others whose hearts were broken; many who protested in 2011 for freedom from a police state who are saying that they are watching the symbols of that repression now be pronounced innocent.","And what's the environment in Egypt right now that surrounds this decision?","Really, right now, you have an environment of repression. You have three Al Jazeera English journalists in jail accused of being terrorists on little to no evidence. You've had mass trials of people getting death sentences with no due process. The first freely elected president, Islamist president Mohamed Morsi, was ousted from power and put in jail. Many people point to that as a sign that there really isn't democracy.","But after the decision, there were many people who were visibly happy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meaning of turn (2) is to understand the current state of affairs in Egypt and the implications of the decision, rather than the literal meaning of asking what the environment is like in the moment.","questions":"How does turn 2 differ from its literal meaning?","answer":"Interpretation"}
{"text":["It's great to be with you, Ira. Thank you.","I'm just looking at the abstract of your study, and some of these numbers are amazing. Seventy-two percent, 72 of all Americans think that global warming should be a very high or medium or a priority for the president and the Congress. That crosses all party lines.","It does. It includes 84 percent of Democrats, 68 percent of independents and 52 percent of Republicans. So yes, there is this difference between Democrats and Republicans. But nonetheless, a majority of Republicans do think that global warming should be a priority for our elected officials.","So why are we all under the impression that there is not this majority?","Ah. Great question. So one of the things that became very clear to us early in our research was that Americans don't speak with a single voice on this issue. And in fact, what we've identified is what we call a global warming's six Americas, that essentially you can look at the country and find that there are six very different communities within the United States, that each respond to this issue in very different ways. One group we call the alarmed. That's only about 12 percent of the public."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  It does. It includes 84 percent of Democrats, 68 percent of independents and 52 percent of Republicans. So yes, there is this difference between Democrats and Republicans. But nonetheless, a majority of Republicans do think that global warming should be a priority for our elected officials. (Literal meaning: stating the breakdown of support for global warming priority among different political affiliations)","questions":"Which political affiliation has the lowest percentage of support for global warming priority?","answer":"Republicans"}
{"text":["That could be jeopardized?","Well, certainly the people putting forth these plans don't think it would be. What they want to do is change Medicaid from a guaranteed benefit to a block grant to states. So a state would get a fixed amount of money from the federal government and decide for itself how to spend it. The idea is that states know their needs better than the feds, and this would give them flexibility.","What critics of this idea worry about is, what happens in an economic downturn when demand on Medicaid goes up?They say states could be left with a sort of Sophie's choice. Do you cut back on services for poor children or for the frail elderly?","I know we've talked about Medicare and Medicaid. Are there proposed changes that would affect older Americans who might buy their own health care coverage?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The question is asking for turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. In turn 1, the literal meaning of the phrase \"that could be jeopardized\" is to suggest something is in danger or at risk, but the implied meaning is that the proposed changes to Medicaid could have a negative effect.","questions":"Which phrase in turn 1 has an implied meaning that suggests the proposed changes to Medicaid could have a negative effect?","answer":"Jeopardized"}
{"text":["Well, she's made her mission here to expand or improve transparency and ethical reform in the state government. As you likely know, Alaska has been just shaken by corruption scandals for the past couple of years. The FBI has been investigating state legislators, three of them are in jail for bribery now, more maybe coming.","So she sort of arrived on the scene in the middle of all of that, and push for new ethics rule in the legislature and her - one of her biggest goals in office is to get a big new natural gas pipeline. Something along the lines of the old Alaska oil pipeline, built so that Alaska can ship out it's natural gas.","But she wants that done in a more transparent fashion. She says she wants more outside energy companies coming and bidding on that. As oppose to sort of, deals struck among the elite, as she would say, you know, the old governor was accused by her of cutting a deal with the oil companies that just wasn't too favorable to Alaska, or so she said at the time, in terms of oil production taxes. So, she wants all of that to have a lot of more sunlight.","Well, speaking of sunlight, she's facing an ethics investigation of her own, is she not?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The conversation has shifted from talking about Sarah Palin to talking about her ethics investigation.","questions":"How has the conversation shifted?","answer":"Ethics"}
{"text":["It looks like a stationary bike.","And in your video - it's our Video Pick of the Week, which you have called the best laboratory in the world?","It was enamored with this lab. I'm just going to be honest. I thought it was the coolest lab.","Coolest lab in the world."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B: \"And in your video - it's our Video Pick of the Week, which you have called the best laboratory in the world?\" In this turn, the phrase \"best laboratory in the world\" is likely being used metaphorically to describe the quality or significance of the subject being discussed in the video, rather than referring to an actual physical laboratory.","questions":"Which phrase is being used metaphorically in PersonB's turn?","answer":"Metaphorically"}
{"text":["Before that, he'd been seen frequently, but always waddling with a really bad limp. He was clearly in discomfort, and finally the North Korean authorities said he is in physical discomfort. So there's something up. We don't quite know what. The speculation is he's had surgery, he's ill, ranging right through to there's been a coup, and he's lost power or certainly being shunted away from power. That's the speculation.","Now, we're talking about somebody who - as my recollection is - he's on television every two minutes. So this must be a tremendous vacuum in the lives of North Koreans.","That's right. The print media in North Korea is still putting all these statements thanking the supreme leader in that sort of glorious way they do, praising him for, for example, the pretty good performance of the athletes in the Asian games a week ago. So all that stuff is still coming out. There's no devaluation of him by the state media. But he's not there. Now, having said that, his father disappeared from sight at odd times as well. And sometimes that was seen as being a mark of his strength in that he felt that he was so strong that he didn't need to do all this stuff.","Is this a matter for particular distress because, after all, we are talking about a nation that's either a quasi-nuclear power or might be a nuclear power?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"there's been a coup, and he's lost power or certainly being shunted away from power\" - This turn uses figurative language. The speaker is suggesting that there might have been a political power struggle or a change in leadership, rather than the literal meaning of physical shunting or pushing.","questions":"How is the term \"shunted away\" being used in turn 0?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Well, Jo, when she came to Parliament in May 2015, she immediately began work on the Syria refugee crisis. She set up a cross party group of MPs to work on the issue. She was one of the first people to call for humanitarian aid drops to the besieged towns and cities of Syria. And she was instrumental in changing U. K.  government policy so that the conservative government has now agreed to take 3,000 unaccompanied Syrian refugee children who are in desperate need of our help, solidarity and support. And so in that short one year, one month in Parliament, she made a tremendous difference. People had already marked her down as a rising star in the Labour Party.","And we should remember, she had a young family, I gather.","Jo had two young children, age 3 and 5, and she was talking about how one of them had chickenpox only the other day. She (inaudible) houseboat with her husband Brendan and the children. And it is so hard for people to come to terms with this senseless death. And we are shocked to the core.","Campaigning has been temporarily suspended in the referendum that's coming up in just a few days about whether Britain should stay in the European Union or leave. Could you tell us something about the political atmosphere in Britain as you see it now as this important referendum approaches?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : implies that the speaker is impressed with how Jo was able to balance her work with parenting; (3) implies that the speaker is expressing disbelief and dismay at the tragedy of Jo's death; (4) implies that the speaker is asking for an opinion on the current political atmosphere in Britain","questions":"What emotion does the speaker in turn 3 express regarding Jo's death?","answer":"Disbelief"}
{"text":[". . . Because I have Nusayba. And she is alive and smiling and well thanks to an anonymous live donor, who came through at the last second. . .","Yeah.",". . . And gave a piece of his liver, which is now in my daughter's belly. And she lives. What more can we ask for?My life is complete.","We can reveal his name, too, can't we?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : the donor person allowed part of their liver to be used right before the person was to die.","questions":"Which organ did the donor offer to save the daughter's life?","answer":"Liver"}
{"text":["Well, if you look at San Francisco, San Francisco, the volatile section is the section under $321,000. There really are houses in San Francisco worth less than that, and those are the ones that are really in the foreclosure pipeline. So even in the west, even in these very high-value markets, there are a lot of properties that are going to be affected by this too.","A lot of the foreclosure activity was at the low end because that's where the tremendous wave of credit flowed into the market, enfranchised people, caused the lower end to triple. The lower end is still by and large within that conforming limit.","Karl Case is a professor of economics at Wellesley College and co-developer of the Case-Shiller Home Prices Index. Their latest report is out today. Karl Case, thank you very much.","Pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : you are welcome is implied in response to Thank you very much","questions":"How did PersonA respond to PersonB's gratitude?","answer":"Pleasure"}
{"text":["That's it. It's a very interesting technology. It shoots this - 125,000 laser pulses a second down at the rainforest canopy. Now - and then it measures the reflections. Now, 99 percent of what's reflected comes off leaves. But here and there, there are tiny gaps in the canopy where a laser beam can reach the ground, bounce off and go back up to the plane. And then with massive software processing, they're able to remove all the reflections from leaves, leaving only the ground.","And it's just incredible to see these scientists at work. I mean, you see this impenetrable rainforest canopy. And then with a press of a button, it disappears and you see everything on the ground. It's absolutely amazing.","Well, it's a little more complicated than that. They have to then process the signals that they receive back from the ground. As you say, most of them come back from leaves. And I think, what, they handed you the disc and you flew it out and gave it to the computer guy.","Well, that's right. And in fact, it is very complicated. The LIDAR machine has inside it a highly classified thing called an IMU, an Inertial Measurement Unit that was developed for the military for use in guided missiles. And in order to get an export permit for the plane, the State Department required that the plane be guarded by armed soldiers at all times when it was on the ground because this is a very highly classified piece of equipment. Because it's important to locate the plane in the air in three dimensions as it's flying to within an accuracy of about a centimeter. I mean, that's incredible."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The accuracy required to locate the plane is impressive.","questions":"What is the name of the classified piece of equipment inside the LIDAR machine?","answer":"IMU"}
{"text":["Ibiza being the Spanish island where this video was filmed.","Exactly - just blathering on and on to a Russian woman who they believed was the niece of a prominent Russian oligarch.","And I'll just insert here that I have not had the opportunity to verify exactly what is being documented on this video. But what it has done is raise all of these questions in Austria about the extent of Russian influence in Austrian politics. Is that right?","Absolutely. And, I mean, it's funny because these are actually fake Russians. This is - these are not necessarily people that were sent from the Kremlin. We don't really know the provenance of the video. Some people believe it's an activist collective. Other people are speculating that some secret services of various countries were involved. But the most important thing to say is that Vice Chancellor Strache hasn't denied any of the assertions.","Right. Well, let me insert a practical question here. Where does this leave the government of Austria?Who's in charge today?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Ibiza is the location where the video was recorded, not a person","questions":"How was the location of the video determined?","answer":"niece"}
{"text":["The United Nation says it's made an agreement that will gradually release 3,000 child soldiers from an armed group in South Sudan. The children are between 11 and 17 years of age. They have spent their childhoods fighting and killing for a group called the South Sudan Democratic Army Cobra faction. Jonathan Veitch, UNICEF's South Sudan representative, says these children have been forced to do and see things that no child should ever experience. Sudan has a long history of civil war and using children for war. Only a few of the thousands of children who get captured and dragged into the conflict manage to escape. Emmanuel Jal did. He's now an actor and musician in Toronto, who had a role in last year's film \"The Good Lie. \"He was 8 years old when he became a child soldier.","Most of us have seen our homes burned down, have seen terrible things happen. So, I mean, I witness one of my aunt raped in our home area. And witnessing and seeing my home village burned down and then when we're told that I'm going to be given skills and a gun to fight the people who did that to my homeland, there was not much for me to be convinced.","What was life for you like as a child soldier?","It's hell seeing 6, 7 years old burying their own dead. Nobody's going to give them questions when they're beginning to ask questions. Simple questions - why are we here?Where's my mommy?That's when you get to know, like, these are children sometimes when the terrible things happen."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the speaker is using understatement to describe the horrific experiences of child soldiers, emphasizing how young and innocent they are and how terrible it is for them to witness and experience such violence and trauma.","questions":"How is the speaker describing the experiences of child soldiers in turn (3)?","answer":"Understatement"}
{"text":["Yeah.","It's a little more controversial in the Senate race because it looks like bad ballot design might've cost Bill Nelson mightily because Broward County. . .","Yeah.",". . . Is a very Democratic county. And they had a tremendous number of undervotes - that is, no one voting in the Senate race - because it appears that a good number of people, perhaps as many as 20,000, might have missed the Senate race because it was in the lower left-hand corner right under the instructions. And if you look at the Senate race compared to all the other races, it got fewer votes in Broward County, even compared to. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Senate race was controversial due to bad ballot design.","questions":"How did bad ballot design affect the Senate race?","answer":"undervotes"}
{"text":["You know, between the flooding issues and river issues and then the trade war and the tariff war with China and also the renegotiation during the old NAFTA, we had a number of trade issues that were kind of tossed up in the air, and we're waiting for the puzzle pieces to fall back down in place.","I mean, I think in the Midwest and agriculture in general, you know, supported the president early on in improving trade relations with China. But unfortunately those in the livestock industry and soybean producers are taking the brunt of the hit.","Well, what would you like to see specifically from this trade deal, if they ever reach a deal?","We'd definitely like to have our full trade ratio, I guess you'd say. The amount of trade we were doing with China back a year ago - we'd love to see that back."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"taking the brunt of the hit\" - This is an idiomatic expression that means bearing the majority of the negative consequences of something. In this case, it means that the livestock industry and soybean producers are suffering the most from the negative effects of the trade war with China.","questions":"What does the idiom \"taking the brunt of the hit\" mean in the dialogue?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["And there is a desperate need both for international humanitarian law to be observed in the conduct of the war to protect civilians but also for a move towards political negotiations and a political settlement, because it is now nearly two years since I sat at the United Nations with foreign ministers from the Gulf States who said they wanted a political settlement then. But it is no closer, and the bombing has undoubtedly deepened the divide inside Yemen and made it far harder to bring peace.","And this is the conduct of the war by Saudi Arabia?","The Saudi-led coalition has air power. The Houthis, who are an Iranian-backed rebel group, are on the ground. It's not the job of these humanitarians to take sides in the conflict. We don't take sides in the conflict. What we do is call out the abuse of international humanitarian law on all sides. And the striking thing about the Yemen conflict and the three other countries that are in danger of famine in Africa - in Somalia, in South Sudan that we've talked about, north and northeast Nigeria - these are man-made famine.","Mr.  Miliband, you've been a politician. How do you sustain interest in problems that are very remote from the lives of everyday Americans?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A: \"What we do is call out the abuse of international humanitarian law on all sides\" - This implies that all parties involved in the conflict are violating international humanitarian law, rather than only one specific party.","questions":"What is the focus of PersonA's role regarding the conflict in Yemen?","answer":"Abuse"}
{"text":["I just wonder if we could close by you just telling me a few things about Jason, what you remember most fondly about him.","When I think about Jason, I think about his smile. He was a beautiful child. And the worst thing about this whole situation is I know in my heart he shouldn't be dead. It is horrible that we lose the soldiers that we have to; it's a tragedy when we lose a soldier that we shouldn't have, and Jason shouldn't be dead.","Chris Scheuerman, talking about his son Jason, who committed suicide in Iraq in 2005. In the 13 months since we first talked, Chris has continued to advocate for suicide prevention in the military. He testified on Capitol Hill and recently spoke at a Department of Defense conference on suicide prevention. We asked the Army for a comment on Jason Scheuerman's case when we first aired this story, and this is the written statement they sent.","(Reading) The loss of any member of the Army family is a tragedy, and suicide prevention is a top priority for the U. S.  Army. The 2005 death of Private First Class Jason Scheuerman was investigated thoroughly by his unit and by the U. S.  Army Criminal Investigation Command. In fact, the Associated Press's story about his 2005 death is based on the Army's comprehensive investigations. We continue to work with and assist his family. We are continuously improving and adapting our training, intervention and support programs. The Army recognizes the importance of suicide prevention and is taking many steps to decrease those risks that may contribute to suicidal behavior. Our prevention efforts do help soldiers and their families deal with the wartime challenges they face every day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The statement \"I know in my heart he shouldn't be dead,\" actual meaning a deep sense of sadness and loss over Jason's death, and wishes that he were still alive.","questions":"Which emotion does PersonA express about Jason's death?","answer":"sadness"}
{"text":["Is this situation just overshadowed by other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?","I think so. I think its a challenge that, you know, Uganda is the third largest refugee-hosting country in the world now, but I think most people dont realize that. When we think about refugees, we often think about the Syria crisis, which is the world's largest. We think about people who are crossing the Mediterranean. But we're not thinking about the now almost a million people who've crossed this land border into Uganda but have also fled from South Sudan into Kenya and Ethiopia and even into Sudan.","We're also in a situation where the administration has sent very limited aid budgets to Congress. And fortunately because the commitment that Congress continues to show, they've actually rejected those steep cuts to humanitarian aid and provided strong funding - robust funding for humanitarian assistance. But we need to see that funding really get out of the bank accounts in D. C.  and get out to the ground, where it's needed.","Has Uganda been been so welcoming?The international community has thought there's relatively little reason to get involved."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  I think so. I think it's a challenge that, you know, Uganda is the third largest refugee-hosting country in the world now, but I think most people don't realize that. When we think about refugees, we often think about the Syria crisis, which is the world's largest. We think about people who are crossing the Mediterranean. But we're not thinking about the now almost a million people who've crossed this land border into Uganda but have also fled from South Sudan into Kenya and Ethiopia and even into Sudan.  Implicated meaning: Most people are not aware of Uganda's significant role as the third largest host country for refugees, as their attention is primarily focused on the Syrian crisis and refugees crossing the Mediterranean. The situation involving almost a million people who have crossed into Uganda from neighboring countries is often overlooked or not given enough consideration.","questions":"How many countries have the almost a million refugees who have crossed into Uganda come from?","answer":"Neighboring"}
{"text":["\"My first awareness of homosexuality was followed by reading James Baldwin. No reference was made to this, which I think in the context of this program would have been a reference for listeners. I appreciate some of the discussion, however a little historical perspective helps us better understand the present. \"","And finally, we got a letter about our sports blogger segment. Last week they talked about Tiger Wood's win in the U. S.  Open despite a leg injury. Tiger is now taking some time off the green. Lyn Porter (ph) in Lenni, Pennsylvania wrote us this. \"I just wanted to disagree with the comment that people who watch golf are really tuning in to see Tiger Woods. All three of us here who watch golf regularly comment that we want to see someone else have a chance to win. I think it will be interesting to see golf without Tiger. I enjoy his play and hope he recovers quickly, but I would like a little variety. \"","And that's it for letters. Thank you for writing and please keep your comments coming.","To write us just log on to npr. org and click on Contact Us. When you get there, you'll see lots of shows to choose from. Make sure you pick News & Notes when you write to us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A thinks that listeners should have been informed about James Baldwin's homosexuality in the program to understand the context better.","questions":"How was James Baldwin's homosexuality related to the program?","answer":"mentioned"}
{"text":["The alternative would be, you know, if you had a hurricane coming down in Florida, for example, and you had private forecasting services that said, you know, we can predict this with an extra day ahead of time, allowing for people to evacuate who have access to that information. And that information becomes a commodity rather than a public good.","Now that you know so much about the weather and the way that it works and its importance to us, I mean, what keeps you up at night?","I mean, Sandy was a scary scenario. But the implication is that it's not the worst possible. You know, its impacts were localized. Even in parts of New York I remember, you know, waking up the next morning. And in the neighborhood that I live, you know, things were basically normal, which was not the case three miles away.","So I think for me, you know, what keeps me up is the idea of a perfectly forecast storm that is catastrophic on a broader scale and that we see coming for six days ahead and need to make decisions - not just as individuals, but as a society or as a city - how to move and respond. And I think, you know, that anticipation is new. You know, we haven't had that capability before. And we have it now. And the next step is to figure out how to use it properly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : 'B' is asking what 'A' is worried about, not whether or not these things keep him literally awake during the night.","questions":"Which scenario concerns 'A' the most?","answer":"Scenario"}
{"text":["So, what was a moment that crystallized for you what it was going to be like?You're. . .","Mm-hmm.","You were all the way through it, right?From. . .","Yeah, I started there in kindergarten, and I went through all the way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B is confirming that A attended the same school from kindergarten until graduation.","questions":"Which school level did PersonA attend for their entire education?","answer":"a"}
{"text":["Good to talk to you.","How important an event was this that Mr.  Kim missed?","It was a very important event. It's an event in a mausoleum where his father, previously ruler of North Korea is buried, interred, and so is his grandfather, the founding leader of North Korea. So it was a big deal. Kim Jong Un has not been seen since September 3, when he attended a concert in Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea, with his wife.","Before that, he'd been seen frequently, but always waddling with a really bad limp. He was clearly in discomfort, and finally the North Korean authorities said he is in physical discomfort. So there's something up. We don't quite know what. The speculation is he's had surgery, he's ill, ranging right through to there's been a coup, and he's lost power or certainly being shunted away from power. That's the speculation.","Now, we're talking about somebody who - as my recollection is - he's on television every two minutes. So this must be a tremendous vacuum in the lives of North Koreans."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implies that the event was of great significance","questions":"Which leader's family members are buried in the mausoleum mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"His-father"}
{"text":["Yeah. Everyone agrees that our prescription drug costs are too high - both right and left - you know, Democrat, Republican. It's one of the few points of information, points of fact that everyone agrees on. The problem is everyone disagrees on how best to tackle that. And there are a lot of forces that are resisting any change at all.","The bipartisan solution which Senator Klobuchar and Senator John McCain have proposed is allowing prescription drug imports from other countries, so we allow for a global competition in the sense of, you know, if everyone else is getting a better deal than us, why can't we buy our prescription drugs from there the same way we buy our, you know, refrigerators and cars?","Elisabeth Rosenthal, editor-in-chief of Kaiser Health News and author of \"An American Sickness: How Health Care Became Big Business And How You Can Take It Back. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A implies that while both political parties agrees that prescription drug costs are too high, they cannot find a common ground on how to address the issue.","questions":"What is the main issue that both political parties agree on but cannot find a common solution to?","answer":"Costs"}
{"text":["Sam, in this book, you're telling the story of the Assad family, but you're also telling the story of another Syrian family. Tell me about this lost family and their relationship with the Assads.","The relationship goes all the way back to the early '50s when Mustafa Tlass and Hafez al-Assad were in their early 20s. They were cadets at the Homs Military Academy. And they basically rose up together to the pinnacle of power until - you know, Mustafa Tlass was up by Hafez's side all the way through. I mean, he was willing to kill for him by his own admission in his own memoirs. He played a crucial role in the passing of power from Hafez to Bashar.","So you have these two men, Hafez and Mustafa. And then they both have sons. And their sons are Bashar al-Assad and Manaf Tlass. Tell me about the relationship between those two men.","So Hafez al-Assad had four sons and one daughter, and the eldest was Bassel, and he was the one being groomed to take over power from his father, but he died in a car crash. So Bashar was summoned to Damascus to basically fill Bassel's shoes. I mean, initially, members of the family, even Bashar's own sister, felt he was hopeless. You know, Bashar was not equipped to inherit power."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mustafa Tlass was loyal to Hafez al-Assad and helped him gain power.","questions":"What was Mustafa Tlass's role in Hafez al-Assad's rise to power?","answer":"Loyal"}
{"text":["I know you have to get through this fight now, but once that's over with, what's the next chapter going to be for you?","Oh, it's going to be coal mining. I've had a coal miner in my family from 1700. It runs deep in my blood. And I'm 44. And hopefully I'll find a coal mine job that I can retire from. That's my goal.","You know, Harlan County, Ky. , is the site of a mine protest that happened in the 1970s that went on for more than a year. So this is not only a long history of coal mining, it's also a long history of protest. Do you feel like you're a part of that today?","In some ways. We done our protest peacefully, but in Harlan, Ky. , we stand up for what we believe is right. That's been embedded in us from childhood up. You know, coal miners is brotherhoods. And we got a whole lot hanging in the balance here that we won't back down."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is implying that their protests might elevate beyond peaceful methods if they don't get what they think they deserve.","questions":"How does the speaker hint at their willingness to escalate their protests?","answer":"Beyond"}
{"text":["We're still going to have a problem. I mean, there is no question that there is already layoff. There's going to be an economic decline. There's going to be a recession. The question is how deep and, you know, is this going to be a catastrophe or is just going to be bad. This is not the last thing we're going to have to do.","Yeah, we've got $2. 1 trillion in non-prime mortgages about to reset in the next 18 months. Many of which will go into foreclosure unless there is a mechanism for those homeowners who could meet obligations to renegotiate with their lenders. And there was a bubble in the housing market that's going to be deflated. But the question is, are we going to go off a cliff?Or is there going to be a gradual decline and then the settling down and that's what we hope to achieve.","Democratic California Congresswoman Zoe Lofgren. Thank you very much for joining us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The housing market bubble will burst and we hope for a gradual decline.","questions":"How do we hope the housing market decline will occur?","answer":"Gradual"}
{"text":["It's becoming a new Thanksgiving tradition. This year, like the year before, the newest installment of \"The Hunger Games\" movie franchise \"Mockingjay Part 1\" is an adaptation of the first half of Suzanne Collins third and final book in the series. And with the backdrop of what's been happening in the world, protests in Ferguson, Missouri, and shakeup at the Capitol - Capitol Hill that is. Audiences look for comparisons between the fictitious world of Panem and the real world. We're joined now by Stephen Carter, a professor of law at Yale, a novelist and columnist for Bloomberg View, where he writes regularly on popular culture. Stephen, thanks so much for being back with us.","It's my pleasure, Scott.","I'm just guessing you don't watch \"Hunger Games\" the way a lot of other people do.","You're right. I'm looking for tropes and ideas that are going to leap out of the film into public life. And one that's really striking about the \"Hunger Games\" franchise is how more than really anything else in recent years in popular culture, so many of the symbols - the nation of Panem itself with its deep wealth inequalities, the notion of the Capitol, this barricaded wealthy city and of course, Katniss Everdeen herself, the hero. All of these things have not only leapt into the public imagination, but they are regular features of political argument."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"installment\" - This word literally means a portion of something, but in this context, it refers to a movie or book in a series.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue refers to a part of a movie or book in a series?","answer":"Installment"}
{"text":["Tomorrow marks the end of the longest presidential campaign to date. This election looks like it might break all voter turnout records, and plenty of civil and voting rights groups are out there working to make sure you have a place to turn if you're having trouble voting. One of them is the NAACP. In September, Benjamin Jealous became the youngest man to lead the country's oldest and largest civil rights organization. He's got plenty of information about how to protect your vote. Ben, how are you?","I'm doing well.","So you are the head of this storied organization that has had so much to do with African-Americans in voting. You think about where we've been in the past decade with the contested 2000 election. What should people know firstoff about going to the polls and doing it in a way that protects their vote?","You know, there's really two things that I say to folks. You know, first is that you should be prepared, you know. You should really think about the time you need and make sure, you know, if you need to have somebody to watch the kids that you just take care of it. This is one of the most important things that you'll do in the next year, and just be prepared."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to break records means that a previous record was taken away by a new record","questions":"What event is tomorrow marking the end of?","answer":"campaign"}
{"text":["Yeah, that was easy. Planet Fitness was the best job actually because I could do my little squats behind the desk. There was always time to just like mess around and just do whatever.","But Uber seems like that would offer a lot of storytelling possibilities.","Oh, my gosh, it did.","Do you think we'll find some of that in your songs at some point?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Uber job was interesting and provided inspiration for songwriting","questions":"Which job?","answer":"Uber"}
{"text":["You know, it's the - there's not formal groups that kind of, you know, identify themselves. They don't have a problem with some other towns in the South where there's like, you know, revived Klan groups and such. I'm aware of the SPLC's research and such. But it's more - I think it's less formal than that but it's probably no less prevalent.","One of the things I'd like to ask you, because you're a person who has been writing about this and the photographs have been printed and seen around the country - the role of the media in covering this, does it make it better, does it make it worst?","Well, I think that really depends on, you know, literally what skin you're in, you know?A lot of the - many of the black folks in that town are very happy to see outside attention brought, they hoped that that scrutiny is going to force some changes down there. But by the same token many of the white folks are just outraged and they think that, you know, this is outsiders meddling in their affairs and they ought to just get their nose out of their business. There was the local Methodist preacher the last time I was there a month ago who told me that I was no better than a Christ killer but you know, you just kind of have to have thick skin.","Howard, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There are informal groups in the town that are not identified openly","questions":"Which town has informal groups that are not identified openly?","answer":"Town"}
{"text":["Oh, thanks. We're professional seguers here at NPR.","You took my breath away there.","Well, speaking of age, though, you're - you play a geezer in this picture.","Yeah, but I'm the youngest in the cast.","Really, I'm the baby."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B is making a pun on the word \"segue\" which implies that they are being professional in making smooth transitions during interviews without interruption.","questions":"Which word did PersonB use to make a pun on their professionalism?","answer":"Segue"}
{"text":["That's an excellent question, and we're particularly challenged in this regard. On the Princeton campus, we have the only Civil War memorial in the world, as far as I know, that lists the names of students who died both for the Southern cause and the Northern cause but without indicating the side for which they died.","So the official Civil War memory as it was encoded on this campus was what we would call a reconciliationist memory. Each boy was equally right. Each boy was fighting for the side that he believed in. And it's a way of remembering the Civil War that completely erases slavery as the cause of the war and the great moral stake of that war. So this tension between remembering and commemorating is front and center in a monument on our own campus.","And so what are your thoughts on that tension?","(Laughter) I don't think we need to change our Civil War monument. I think it's an artifact of a particular historical time, and I think it's a wonderful starting point for a conversation about why Princeton chose to remember her alumni in that particular way."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Civil War monument on Princeton campus erases slavery as the cause of the war and the great moral stake of that war.","questions":"How does the Civil War monument on Princeton campus remember the cause of the war?","answer":"Names"}
{"text":["A tall building may become synonymous with a place, but it doesn't mean that it's born of that place. You can almost pick it up and put it in any city around the world and it would become synonymous with that city. And it denying thousands of years of vernacular architectural tradition, you know. . .","Yeah, yeah.",". . . to relate to environment and all these other things. So that's where the 95 percent figure, an arbitrary figure, comes from.","The Twin Towers in Abu Dhabi received the tall building innovation award. These buildings carry their own sunscreen, in a sense."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"These buildings carry their own sunscreen, in a sense.\" - This turn means that the buildings have a feature that provides protection from the sun, rather than literally carrying sunscreen.","questions":"Which feature of the Twin Towers in Abu Dhabi provides protection from the sun?","answer":"Sunscreen"}
{"text":["Thank you very much.","What is the mission of this March for Science?","I think the profession of science is under attack. And why is that happening?Because we've really ceded the floor. We haven't engaged in politics. We've left that open for politicians to come in and really hijack and obfuscate science for their own selfish needs.","When you say that science is under attack, to what degree should we read this march as a protest against Trump administration policies?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2): \"What is the mission of this March for Science?\" While the literal meaning is a straightforward request for information, the implied meaning is that the speaker wants to know more about the motivations and goals behind the March for Science. It implies that the speaker is interested in the larger context and political implications of the event.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of PersonB's question in turn 1?","answer":"Motivations"}
{"text":["I hate to see it fade out.","Yeah, me too.","There's another story that really sounds like it has to be made up, about the driver who brought a hotshot guitarist from Macon, Georgia to Stax for a session.","Yeah. The driver kept bugging the musicians in the studio to give him a chance. And someone had promised him, OK, buddy, you know, chill out for a second. You'll get your chance. When nothing happened with the big talent, people had already started packing up their cars when they remembered, oh yeah, we got to let this guy try."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) A is implying that the driver was persistent and eventually was given a chance, even though it almost was forgotten.","questions":"How did the driver get his chance at the studio?","answer":"Persistence"}
{"text":["Oh, she did, and in such an interesting time. In the '70s, even before Betty Ford had famously stepped forward and talked about her struggles, Joan was convening people who were early thinkers in how to treat people differently. You know, AA had been around, of course, for decades. But there was a movement in the '70s to get people to look at the whole person with alcoholism. And Joan was really passionate about getting the word out.","Yeah. With Ray's death, Joan Kroc became one of the principal philanthropists in America. And she really took that responsibility seriously, didn't she?","She lived large, and she gave large. She felt this almost-burden with the money that she had. And saying she hit the lotto isn't really fair. But - she had this money at her disposal, and she felt obligated to use it in a constructive way. But that's not to say she was ascetic or like a monk. She lived very, very lavishly as well.","Yeah, she'd drip with jewels. She went to nice places. She. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Joan Kroc used her wealth to live a luxurious lifestyle and still dedicate her wealth to charitable causes.","questions":"Which word describes Joan Kroc's lifestyle?","answer":"Luxurious"}
{"text":["We tried for about two and half years. And I had this fear that with every step we took, we would learn something that it would confirm my fear that I couldn't have a baby.","She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF.","Tell me about that moment when you first saw your daughter Hazel for the first time. I mean, how did that feel?","Oh, my gosh. It was - it was incredible. I mean, first of all, I was in labor for 24 hours."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Oh, my gosh. It was - it was incredible. I mean, first of all, I was in labor for 24 hours.\"  Implicated meaning: The speaker had a long and difficult labor, but the experience of giving birth was still an incredible and meaningful moment for them.","questions":"How was the PersonA's labor experience?","answer":"incredible"}
{"text":["They're placing a lot of their hopes on the Chevy Volt, the electric car that's due out at the end of 2010. What do you think about that, and do you think that that's enough to help the company?","In reading through the General Motors restructuring plan, they talk about it as if it's the next Ford Model T.  I think the language that they use is a fundamental reinvention of the American automobile industry. And, you know, I hope it is, but you have to be skeptical about anything coming out that will fundamentally reinvent the industry, at least at this stage. It's too mature an industry right now.","Is there anything that GM can say when they go before Congress tomorrow and Friday?Is there anything that they should do, do you think, that could save it?","Their objective in going to Congress is not to save the industry. Their objective in going to Congress is to get money from Congress. And if you read through these documents, they are - especially the General Motors document, it is full of really shameless Americanizing, patriotic propaganda. It's geared to getting the money, and that's their objective. And I believe they will come away from Washington with money."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : patriotic propaganda implies that General Motors is using pro American speech to get taxpayer funds for their own purposes","questions":"What is General Motors' objective in going to Congress?","answer":"Money"}
{"text":["Ms.  JANE D'ARISTA (Director of Programs, Financial Market Center): Commercial paper typically is about one third of the assets held by Money Market Mutual Fund. So, the fact that they have been skittish, and fear runs from their clients has meant that they have not been buying. So, the Fed has decided that it's going to buy the paper and try to get investors back in with the assurance that there is a buyer out there, namely, the Federal Reserve itself.","And Mitchell, the Fed is also doing something later this week with regards to interest rates, right?","Right. The Federal Reserve's Open Market Committee meets tomorrow and Wednesday. It seems like there's almost no chance that the Fed will sit on its hands. Economists predict an interest rate cut of either a quarter point or a half point. A half point would bring the Federal Funds Rate down to 1 percent, which would be its lowest level in four years.","Thanks, Mitchell. That's Mitchell Hartman of public radio's daily business show, Marketplace."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Money Market Mutual Funds have not been buying commercial paper due to fear, so the Fed is buying it to encourage investors.","questions":"What is the reason for the Fed buying commercial paper?","answer":"Encourage"}
{"text":["Andrew, Ivan Golunov has been a vocal critic of the Russian government. But his arrest is, apparently, unusual.","Right. Yeah, I do think it's unusual. You know, when - attacks on journalists do happen in Russia and, you know, journalists have been beaten. They've been killed for their reporting in certain cases. But the idea that drugs would be planted on a journalist, that's a more unusual case here. It leaves sort of very little daylight between the journalist's reporting and kind of direct pressure being put on him by the government. So to be honest, I've been here for eight years, and I can't remember a case similar to this one. And I think that that in particular is what made people so angry about what's going on.","There wasn't even a requirement to sort of exact violence against him, but this idea that if Ivan can have drugs planted on him while he's walking through Moscow then literally anybody could have drugs planted on him, as well. And I think that that's what made people so nervous about the case, specifically among journalists, and that's why we've seen such a backlash.","Andrew Roth is Moscow bureau chief for The Guardian."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The backlash means that people are complaining about the situation.","questions":"Which term describes the reaction to Ivan Golunov's case?","answer":"reaction"}
{"text":["Well, this is extremely complicated. And there doesn't seem to be a single kind of way at looking at this for all the different countries. Every country is wrestling with how to manage this. There's little legal precedent in many ways. One problem is that if you put people on trial back home, it's very difficult to get the evidence that you maybe need to actually be able to prosecute someone. So some people in - for example, in Germany have floated the idea of re-upping the sort of Nuremberg trials that were used to prosecute Nazis.","Wow.","In other cases, some have created laws to say, you know, going to Syria was itself a crime. So we've been following the case of an Austrian girl who was 15 when she left Austria. And we've been told that if she comes back, she probably would serve prison time for having gone to Syria. And there's even - the Kurdish authorities in Syria are talking about perhaps trying to set up an international tribunal to actually try these people in Syria or in Iraq.","NPR's Ruth Sherlock in Beirut."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Some countries have made going to Syria a crime and people may serve prison time for it.","questions":"How do some countries treat going to Syria?","answer":"Crime"}
{"text":["So what we do is that when the cases come to my office, we first investigate. Once we know the perpetrator, we try to call or invite the person. If the person refuses, we collaborate with the legal department, issue the warrant of arrest. There, we come to the table of negotiation. If he's ready to negotiate, we try to negotiate and try to resettle the victim. If not, we take the case to the court.","Well, how long can the process take?","It can go three years, four years. It is indefinite.","Sister, you were honored at the White House earlier this week. What role can the United States play in trying to combat human trafficking?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of the turn is to ask what role the United States can play in trying to combat human trafficking. The implied meaning is to ask what role the United States should play in trying to combat human trafficking.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue suggests an implicit criticism of the United States' effort in combating human trafficking?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["The story many Americans learn as kids may reveal a lot about America's role in the world. It's a story involving Theodore Roosevelt. Before he was president, he volunteered to fight in a war. He organized the regiment in which he fought. The Rough Riders went ashore in Cuba during the Spanish-American War of 1898.","On one level, this is an adventure story. Clay Risen of the New York Times felt there was more to it, that a story from the days of steam engines and horses and colonial empires was still relevant. His new book is \"The Crowded Hour: Theodore Roosevelt, The Rough Riders And The Dawn Of The American Century. \"","Who were the Rough Riders?","The Rough Riders were a unique volunteer regiment that was formed in the first days of the Spanish-American War. At the time, the U. S.  military was really small, and they needed to bulk up really quickly. So the U. S.  Army went out and recruited cowboys, athletes, people who you could train pretty quickly. And a lot of it was the brainchild of Theodore Roosevelt."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The story involving Theodore Roosevelt may reveal America's aggressive nature.","questions":"Which story involves Theodore Roosevelt?","answer":"Riders"}
{"text":["And I don't know if they ever made the spreadsheet. But the two of them really decided early on that they were committed to this. He also happened to be Swedish, which she said helped. But, you know, really kind of staying on top of it seemed to be the most important thing for couples.","And so what do you think the takeaway is?What needs to happen?","I think the takeaway is more awareness. One of the problems is that we have this idea of the modern involved father. We all know that things have improved a lot since the 1950s. And it's really easy to focus on that rather than to know - and I think most people don't know because they don't look at statistics - that fathers' participation leveled off at 35% around the year 2000. So we go into parenting expecting something like parity. But it doesn't manifest. So our expectations are really not being met. And that leads to a lot of anger.","That was Darcy Lockman, author of \"All The Rage: Mothers, Fathers And The Myth Of Equal Partnership. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A takeaway is a key fact, point, or idea to be remembered, typically one emerging from a discussion or meeting.","questions":"Which word describes a key fact, point, or idea to be remembered?","answer":"Key"}
{"text":["I don't see that this is something that you can avoid. I like the idea that they might have a problem with me liking it. That makes sense. I think, you know, in the West we have - it seems kind of retrograde that I would like it, but you know, insofar as my kids are concerned, I think it's part of a skill set that everybody should have growing up.","It used to be in the purview of the aristocracy, you know, from fencing societies to, you know, Marquis of Queensbury Boxing Rules. These were the pursuits of the upper classes, you know, not even 100 years ago.","So if you were a person fit for society, this is what you did. You know, somebody might counter with well, we no longer duel either. You know, we settle our disagreements, we're guided by the rule of law. You know, I mean, when you're in a bar and a guy is not letting you leave the bar because somehow he's chosen you in this, you know, great moment of flesh meeting flesh that you and him are going to - I mean, there are lots of options, but it would be nice at that point in time probably for you to learn - know how to defend yourself.","Now, there's some people who have never had occasion to need to defend themselves, and to them this might seem to be a very strange pastime, but I don't know many people like that.","All right. Well, Eugene, thanks a lot."],"speaker":["A","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It used to be in the purview of the aristocracy, you know, from fencing societies to, you know, Marquis of Queensbury Boxing Rules.These were the pursuits of the upper classes, you know, not even 100 years ago. Literal meaning: The speaker is discussing the historical association of martial arts with the upper classes.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the historical association of martial arts with the upper classes?","answer":"Historical"}
{"text":["And then the phone rang a few times, but I didn't pick it up. And, you know, you don't always answer your phone when you're having dinner on a Saturday night.","Right. Right.","So that's when I called his mom. And her cousin picked up and said - Alex, you need to get on the next plane to Sri Lanka. There's been a bombing. And Kieran is hurt, and he's here in the hospital.","But he was alive at that time?","The answer is no. He wasn't."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : So that's when I called his mom. And her cousin picked up and said - Alex, you need to get on the next plane to Sri Lanka. There's been a bombing. And Kieran is hurt, and he's here in the hospital.  In this turn, the literal meaning is that the speaker called the mother of someone and was informed by the cousin that there had been a bombing in Sri Lanka and Kieran was hurt and in the hospital. However, the implied meaning is that there was a serious and potentially life-threatening situation that required immediate action.","questions":"How was Kieran when the speaker called his mother?","answer":"Hurt"}
{"text":["Well, it's definitely run by individual nations but individual nations with their systems tied together. And that happens both geographically but also temporally. You know, one of the key tools for observations that feed the weather models are the polar-orbiting satellites. It's so well-integrated that the European polar orbiters cover the earth in each local time's morning, and the American orbiters come in the afternoon.","I mean, that's a sort of pattern that has been essential to making sure that, you know, we have the latest observations from every part of the earth's atmosphere. It's about this sort of continually humming system to step forward in time and correct slightly and, you know, keep spitting out a changing forecast that hopefully gets better and better.","And so up until now, it's been governments that have been obviously calculating the weather for the greater good. But you call privatization a major threat to weather forecasting. Explain.","Yes, it's a 150-year-old system of governments collaborating with each other as a global public good. You know, in the '60s, it was something that President Kennedy saw as a sort of counterpoint to the space race. You know, meteorology was a way that governments could collaborate. But more recently, we potentially have a kind of bifurcation. You know, we potentially have forecasts for the haves and forecasts for the have-nots."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The weather models obtain information from the satellites.","questions":"What is one of the key tools for weather model observations?","answer":"Polar-orbiting-satellites"}
{"text":["That's a harsh statement. I mean, you know, some of us were expecting - I mean because this is a very delicate matter for Barack Obama. On the one hand he wants to keep those civil rights establishment figures behind him, supporting him throughout this general election period, but at the same time he knows well that if he can create a little bit of distance with Jesse Jackson, he may be able to pull on more moderate Democrats, white and black, and maybe even some moderate Republicans.","But Jesse Jackson, Jr.  seems to have taken the lead and seems particularly angry and personally offended by what his father had done. And it suggests that the relationship there is somewhat fractured as well.","Let's go deeper, linguistically into this. When, at the time that I spoke with Reverend Jackson, and this was yesterday, we believed, knowing what we did, we being most of the press, that he had said that Senator Obama had emasculated himself. As it turned out, the phrase was much rougher and much more, you know, I want to blank, blank, blank. Is there a difference between those two ways, neither of them particularly nice, of parsing out lack of manhood?","Well, you know, I actually read that slightly differently. When I heard about the specific comments and the castration and sort of the anger in which it was delivered, even though it was a whisper of. I immediately began to think back historically about, you know, the ways and which powerful black men, or uppity black men were punished."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The press misunderstood Jackson's comment as emasculation, but it was actually more severe","questions":"What did the press initially believe about Jackson's comment?","answer":"Misunderstood"}
{"text":["Good to be here, Scott.","So why didn't you just tell your daughter Ronnie let's train for a chili cook-off instead?","I tried. I tried, and she was insistent. She was in her first year at the great Georgia Tech studying aerospace engineering. She wants to be an astronaut. And she said, look, I've got to be fit. We have to do it. And I thought - past the age of 50, I just thought it was beyond me. I'd done it when I was young, but I didn't think I could anymore.","You are running six marathons in nine days, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"So why didn't you just tell your daughter Ronnie let's train for a chili cook-off instead?\" - The literal meaning of this turn is a question about why the person didn't suggest training for a chili cook-off instead of something else. However, the actual meaning is sarcastic and implies that the person is doing something very difficult or challenging.","questions":"How many marathons is the person running?","answer":"six"}
{"text":["Yes, yes, and I was inundated with students and visitors and all of that because there's a fascination to this, and they all - well, they're all happy to be - to see something like this and realize that when I started and where I started is where they are and that they can do something. And that ought to be the goal: school, learn and then use your own abilities to go further.","Do they realize that?Do they understand that?","I know some did. Now others I think are still thinking I'm going to quickly grab a degree and get a fantastic job and get rich, but I don't think they're thinking beyond getting rich. Now I don't know if that's a good life.","Well, congratulations to you, Nick."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Getting rich may not lead to a good life.","questions":"What is the goal of school according to A?","answer":"learn"}
{"text":["Wow.",". . . Actually the night he died. So he was a very well-respected young person by our staff, by our students and our community. And, you know, it was a very shame that that did happen.","I'm so impressed. I gather the youngsters themselves in your school came up with the idea of electing them king and queen. I got to tell you. . .","Yeah, you know, you think about social media as something that's bad sometimes. Well, they - her friends and his friends kind of started a little social media thing and the adults weren't even totally aware. And they wanted to - they wanted to have them be king and queen. Now, it wasn't, you know, the whole school. It wasn't everybody. It was a very tight group of kids that really. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Yeah, you know, you think about social media as something that's bad sometimes. Well, they - her friends and his friends kind of started a little social media thing and the adults weren't even totally aware. And they wanted to - they wanted to have them be king and queen. Now, it wasn't, you know, the whole school. It wasn't everybody. It was a very tight group of kids that really... Implicated Meaning: A is challenging a common perception or assumption about social media. The phrase \"you think about social media as something that's bad sometimes\" implies that there is a negative generalization or stereotype associated with social media. A is suggesting that this perception is not always accurate or applicable in every situation. The phrase \"the adults weren't even totally aware\" implies that the adults were unaware of the social media activity initiated by the friends of the individuals in question. It suggests a level of secrecy or exclusivity among a specific group of kids. The phrase \"they wanted to have them be king and queen\" implies that the group of kids had a desire or intention to elect the individuals as king and queen, which may have been unexpected or unconventional.","questions":"How were the king and queen elected?","answer":"Elected"}
{"text":["All right.",". . . I will say. . .","My generation.","(Laughter) This is - you know, the past two years have, of course, been dominated by the Russia investigation, the Mueller probe. And that was centered on the idea of foreign influence in the 2016 election from Russia. And now we have, you know, what appears to be a conversation between President Trump and the president of Russia's neighbor Ukraine talking about looking into a political opponent, Joe Biden, and his son. And so this does raise questions, again, about foreign interference and what the president is inviting or doing heading into the 2020 campaign.","If we can get a yes-or-no question, have you confirmed that this is the subject of the whistleblower's complaint?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A whistle was not blown but a person complained about an event publically that could be illegal.","questions":"How was the complaint made?","answer":"whistleblowing"}
{"text":["Firefighting is dangerous - raging flames, choking smoke, hot, floating ash - but what about the long-term health effects that persist after the fire's been doused and firefighters have gone home?The Chicago Tribune investigated links between fighting fires and deadly cancers that can catch up to those first responders long after they leave a scene. Karen Ann Cullotta reported the story, and she told us she started looking into it after two firefighters in the Chicago area died.","I wrote obituaries for both of them, and I was kind of taken aback that they were both young, and these were what was being called line-of-duty deaths cancer deaths. So I started asking around different fire departments and saying, you know, is this something you're seeing?Is this something that's being talked about?And without exception, every department I spoke with said this is pretty much all we're talking about.","Is it the toxic smoke?What is it?","Yeah. So there's just - there's a lot of questions - unanswered questions. And while there's been research into this for years, it's still unfolding. They've always known that, of course, inhaling smoke is dangerous. But now, these studies are looking at these toxins that are in the smoke and that settle on the skin. So it's not just inhalation. It's actually getting into the skin and into the blood stream from exposed areas."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Firefighting can have long-term health consequences for first responders, including deadly cancers.","questions":"Which Chicago newspaper featured the investigative report on the links between firefighting and deadly cancers?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Now, the Russian government doesn't get many chances in this context internationally, on the global stage, to do the right thing. I have been criticizing the Russian government while I am here. What more can I do to satisfy you or any of these critics who hold these positions?The reality is there is nothing that will satisfy them because it is their suspicion, it is their skepticism, it is their distrust of the Russian government as an institution which is motivating this.","I mean, do I have to detail for you the ways in which the Putin government has earned (laughter) some suspicion?","No, no. Absolutely not. Again, I agree with you. This (laughter) - look, look; this is why I have been criticizing the Russian government. There's no distance between us on that. I'm not saying Vladimir Putin is an angel. I'm not even saying Vladimir Putin is a decent guy. What I'm saying is you have to understand there doesn't need to be a quid pro quo here for it to make sense.","Edward Snowden. Elsewhere in the program, he talks about his work at the NSA before he leaked classified information and tells us what's keeping him from returning to the U. S.  to face trial."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Russian government does not get many chances for people to see them all over the world.","questions":"How does the Russian government appear internationally?","answer":"Limited"}
{"text":["EDWARD O.  WILSON: Always a pleasure to be with you, Ira.","Thank you very, very much. This is almost like advice to the lovelorn sort of book, it's advice to would-be scientists. Why did you write this?","Well, 42 years of teaching at Harvard qualified me, and I had learned lot about what brings students into science, whether as professionals or as part of their general education program, and what drives them away. And I saw a lot of the brightest young people, the most qualified, potentially, to be in science and technology turned away because at an early stage in their career at Harvard they were just afraid of mathematics, and they were afraid of the kind of rigors that one experiences in the usual portrayal of scientists as white coat people standing at the blackboard explaining complex equations and other ideas to rapt audiences.","Because you talk about your career and about your work with such passion in your book that I few people would know that a scientist could be as passionate and as successful about their work. And it seems like it's a necessary - or it's something like, almost like continuing to have a childlike curiosity about the world for your whole life."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It seems like a book that gives advice that helps people get with the one they love, in this case, what they love.","questions":"Which book?","answer":"NONE"}
{"text":["But the important part for the corals is that these things are wonderful eating machines. They move slowly across the reef. They actually invert their stomach onto the corals and dissolve the coral tissue, you know, digesting it as they go. And they leave (technical difficulties) white behind them as they move forward.","So they're like little bulldozers.","Yeah, it's sort of like bulldozers. It's almost more like having a wave of people with flamethrowers going through the brush. You know, the coral physically is left behind, but it's all dead.","Do they have any natural enemies that might, you know, come out and eat them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They are not literally bulldozers, but they move like them.","questions":"How do the creatures in the dialogue move?","answer":"slowly"}
{"text":["Great to be here.","And a little background: It's been almost 20 years since the end of Guatemala's so-called Dirty War. General Rios Montt is now 86 years old. Some might wonder if justice delayed is justice denied.","Well, this obviously has been a really long time in coming for the victims of the crimes in Guatemala, and for their country, as well. I think the victims who had an opportunity to testify in the trial proceedings would say that justice ultimately was not denied, as a result of this really historic outcome, that I don't think anybody expected to happen.","Why?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : a long time coming means something has been meaning to happen but hasn't happened until recently","questions":"What does \"a long time coming\" mean?","answer":"Delayed"}
{"text":["They open doors at about seven in the morning. The stores aren't open until 11 on Sundays. So there's just hours and hours of people just walking through the mall.","David Segal is a writer for the New York Times. His latest article is called \"Our Love Affair with Malls Is on the Rocks. \"David, thank you.","You're very welcome.","Stay with us. It's free, from Day to Day on NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The mall opens early and people walk around for hours before stores open.","questions":"What do people do in the mall for hours before stores open?","answer":"Walking"}
{"text":["The body of Lucille sits in the body of Thelma. Her life circled there in the lap of her mother, who wore 12 fingers just as she wore 12, just as the baby inside of her as she sat in the body of Thelma wore 12.","Lucille there in the middle, lived her light-filled life, never losing her daughter seat, dying on the very day Miss Thelma died. All the daughters and sons, who long left the movies, all the poets black, who sought their lives only ordinary, recount their long calla lily fingers every day, wring their jewels into jewels hands, circling the unbroken light-filled two-headed body of the woman who keeps keeping us.","\"The Ordinary Body of Lucille\" by Nikky Finney, our guest. I have to ask you, jewels into jewels. That line is in italic.","Hmm. Yes. That's a line from Ms.  Clifton's poem. And it's - I just - I love it so much. It's one of - a thousand favorite phrases of hers."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Her mother's arms are around her as she sits in her lap.","questions":"Which body is being referred to in the statement?","answer":"Thelma's"}
{"text":["We're in the last few weeks of the Supreme Court's current term, and justices still have loads of decisions to hand down - two dozen, to be precise. And some of those may come as soon as Monday. We'll bring in NPR's legal affairs correspondent Nina Totenberg. Nina, thanks so much for being with us.","My pleasure, as always, Scott.","Twenty-four cases in which there are no decision. I gather a dozen could be of particular interest. Which ones do you most anticipate?","Well, there are three big ones. The first is what I call the cross case. This is a giant cross on public property in Bladensburg, Md. It's a World War I war memorial. And civil libertarians have objected to it because they see the cross as a symbol of Christianity and that it ought to be on private property, maintained with private funds, not taxpayer money. We're going to see what the court does with that. My suspicion is that they're going to let the cross stand. And whatever they write probably will have a lot of impact on religious symbol cases in the future."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The court may allow the cross to remain on public property despite objections.","questions":"Which case involves a symbol of Christianity that is a subject of civil libertarian objection?","answer":"Cross"}
{"text":["Yeah, they weren't the sharpest.","All right, so now tell us about the most powerful horse in history. And this, as I understand it, goes all the way back to Roman times?","Right. This was, I think, the most politically influential horse. So it was proudly Incitatus, which is the horse of the Roman emperor Caligula. And according to historians of the time, his stable was made of marble, he had a collar of gemstones and his meals were oats mixed with gold flakes. And senators were forced to dine with him. And according to legend, Caligula planned to appoint him counsel before the emperor was assassinated. So it's almost as bizarre as the 2016 United States presidential election.","(Laughter) A. J. , I have to say, at least when it comes to horse racing, you got your money out of reading that Encyclopedia Britannica.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (Laughter) A.J., I have to say, at least when it comes to horse racing, you got your money out of reading that Encyclopedia Britannica.  Implicated meaning: B is using figurative language to convey that A.J. gained a lot of valuable knowledge or useful information about horse racing by reading the Encyclopedia Britannica. It suggests that A.J.'s extensive reading paid off in terms of his understanding of the topic, rather than implying he literally received money.  (5) A: (Laughter)","questions":"What did PersonB imply about A.J.'s reading of Encyclopedia Britannica?","answer":"Knowledge"}
{"text":["Well, you summarized it beautifully at the beginning. Dan Peterson is an amateur astronomer, and really he was just, sort of, bent over his telescope looking through the eyepiece when he saw this brilliant flash of light in the cloud top of Jupiter.","And he immediately went onto the Internet and told a forum of amateurs what he had seen. Now, you know, 10 or 20 years ago, if he had made that report, people would have told him oh, you're crazy, you're seeing things. But in this case, another amateur astronomer, George Hall in Texas, happened to be video recording Jupiter at the same time.","He wasn't actually watching the planet with his own eyes, but he was making a video recording. And when he went and looked back at his footage, he found sure enough, there was a flash of light just when Dan Peterson said that he saw it. And most likely what happened was that an asteroid hit Jupiter - and not a huge asteroid, probably an asteroid about 10 meters or 30 feet in diameter - and it would have exploded at about the - with an energy equal to about 10 times our early atomic bomb.","Wow, what is an asteroid doing near Jupiter?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In the past, people would not believe amateur astronomers, but now there is more trust in their reports.","questions":"How would people react to amateur astronomers' reports in the past?","answer":"Crazy"}
{"text":["What is that called again?Just remind me.","It's called \"Pieces Of Her,\" by Karin Slaughter. But if you're waiting for the next book like that that's coming out, the hottest off the press, I would recommend \"Bunny\" by Mona Awad, which is also very funny and very sharp and an extremely readable page-turner, which is coming out in June.","I also think about summer reading as escapism fiction. You know, you want to go to another world or back in time or fantasy novels. What about that?","So for, you know, people who are, like, maybe missing \"Game Of Thrones\". . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"maybe missing\" implies not currently watching Game of Thrones anymore.","questions":"What is the implication of \"maybe missing\" in turn 3?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["Hello.","Hi. I don't even know where to begin this story. It is so crazy. I guess I'll note Britons who do seem to love a really deliciously gossipy trashy tabloid tell-all, maybe they were overdue for a good scandal.","I have to say we've really, really needed it. Britain is exhausted by Brexit and the constant doom and gloom. So it's no surprise that WAGatha Christie, as you mentioned in the introduction, has broken the Internet today. And the reason why it's called WAGatha Christie is that WAG or WAGs is an acronym commonly used here to refer to the wives and girlfriends of high-profile athletes. And two of the women involved in today's feud are two of the most high-profile WAGs in the country.","OK. The wives or girlfriends in question here are Coleen Rooney and Rebekah Vardy. Who are these two women?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The internet had a large amount of cites where they was mentioned ","questions":"What was the reason for calling it WAGatha Christie?","answer":"WAGs"}
{"text":[". . . You are from this area - born in D. C. , raised in Maryland and Virginia - the DMV, as we like to say. So what's it like to be back home now that you're blowing up like this?Can you go to, like, the CVS if you want to without being recognized?","Yeah. I definitely can go to the CVS. You know, sometimes people recognize me, sometimes they don't. But it's a beautiful feeling, and I just can't wait to move back eventually.","How did you start singing or how did you realize you could sing?","I don't know. I just was always singing. I didn't know if it was good or not, but my grandma, she told me that I sounded like an angel. And that maybe - perhaps that kept me going. I mean, I always wanted a solo at the church, and they didn't ever give it to me. But eventually they did, and I froze. But then I killed it. And I just feel like that kind of just followed me all throughout my life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the phrase \"sometimes people recognize me, sometimes they don't\" does not literally mean that the speaker is unrecognizable or that their appearance changes, but rather that their level of fame and recognition varies.","questions":"Which phrase indicates that the PersonA's level of fame varies?","answer":"Sometimes"}
{"text":["I think it's really important to say that scientists are really late to the party. Science has been under attack for a long time. And really, what's happened is that scientists are scared to engage with politics. They're worried about looking biased. They're worried about their funding. But really that's been a terrible strategy. It's meant that bad science policy decisions have been made.","But would you be holding this march, do you think, if it were President Hillary Clinton in the White House?","I think there is a catalyst in seeing how intense the attacks are right now. We have to acknowledge that, yes.","Are there specific goals you all are trying to achieve in terms of advancing one policy or another?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : late to the party implies that the scientists engaged with the issue after most people","questions":"Which policy decisions have been affected due to scientists being late to the party according to A?","answer":"Bad"}
{"text":["It took a toll on my self-confidence, my decision making. I think he preyed on the fact that I was very naive. And so for me as being a powerful person, having gone and believed in myself and gotten to the \"Today\" show and had all of these people, producers, talent believing in me - and then he only seeing the physical side of me and only wanting that out of me. It shattered my confidence. So I couldn't focus on my job at all as I was trying to start my journalism career.","Since you went public with what happened, has anyone at NBC reached out to you?","I have not heard one peep from anyone in management at NBC. Of course, I have heard from several colleagues, staffers at the \"Today\" show who I knew and used to work with - Ann Curry, dear, dear friend of mine - but no one from management. Nobody has called to ask me questions about how it happened and what our communication for the last 17 years - how we've managed it.","Do you have confidence that NBC can really change its culture with that being true - what you just said - that they haven't even reached out to you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The management at NBC did not reach out to the speaker despite their public testimony of harassment.","questions":"How did NBC management respond to the PersonA's public testimony of harassment?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["And yeah. Like I said, the video can be used for good. And that's why I think the premise of body camera footage is good. But where problems emerge is when government officials and police officials push back against making that footage public because that's the whole reason. The reason is to bring transparency to police interactions. And if government officials push against that, it goes against the entire premise.","One of the very interesting points that you make in your book is that the federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades. I mean, you highlight a report that was commissioned by President Johnson, President Lyndon Johnson in 1967 in response to the Watts riots. And you said that it proposes really not so much an emphasis on technology but an emphasis on relationships, on communication and teaching police officers how to communicate better with the public, how to - it's more of like a - I don't know what word to use. Would you say humanistic approach?And. . .","Absolutely. That's a great word for it.","And that you say that there's - these kinds of - these techniques have never really been implemented because they were deemed to be too expensive. But you also point out that technology is expensive. The police departments spend a huge amount on these technologies that you say don't work. So what - my question to you is, why do you think these techniques have not gotten more traction?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades, but these techniques have not gained enough traction.","questions":"What has the federal government investigated for decades but has not gained enough traction according to turn 3?","answer":"Alternatives"}
{"text":["Yeah. So let's take Muslim China, you know, the western part of China - Uighur country. They use lamb, which they don't use in the rest of China, or very little. And their noodles are made from wheat. And they have bread. So that region has this food because of its religion and because of its proximity to Turkey.","The reason I called Anissa Helou is because of a dish I've been meaning to make for a long time. In her book, she has two versions - one from Egypt, one from Syria - a nutritious and simple meal made from beans that's perfect for Ramadan or for any time, really - ful medames, or simply ful.","Ful is a very filling dish. So if you ate ful at whatever hour, you could stay without eating anything or feeling very hungry for at least five, six hours.","Helou join me in my kitchen here in D. C.  via video chat to teach me how to make both the Egyptian and the Syrian recipes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Helou is teaching B how to make the Egyptian and Syrian versions of ful medames via video chat.","questions":"What dish is PersonB learning to make from Anissa Helou via video chat?","answer":"Egyptian"}
{"text":["So Virginia was demographically the ideal Barack Obama success story. It was not a one color success story. It was a multicolored \u2014 he even did better than he's done anywhere else among Latinos. So Virginia is really, if you will, the marquee state for the Barack Obama coalition that he wants to put together.","What about independent voters?Independents or particularly first time voters seemed to have come out.","Yes. In fact, first time voters are largely a creation in this particular cycle of the Barack Obama campaign. That's why they came out. It isn't just because they are suddenly interested in the political process; it's Obama. And in Virginia in particular Obama did so well among independents that he was the reason largely that Mike Huckabee threatened John McCain at all in Virginia. Otherwise McCain would have counted on five to 10 percentage points more from independents who were being attracted over to the other side by Barack Obama.","Before we let you go, there are so many ways to crunch the delegates on the Democratic side. But specifically in terms of delegates that the two candidates have won, in the primaries and caucuses, how are they standing now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"largely a creation\" is a figurative language that means the Obama campaign had a significant impact on encouraging first-time voters to participate in the election.","questions":"What is the reason behind the increase of first-time voters in this particular cycle?","answer":"Obama"}
{"text":["Well, Jackson had come into my E. R. because he had been shot, and an area surrounding the bullet wound - which was still lodged in his leg - appeared infected. And while I was examining him, a medical student handed me a piece of paper that revealed the results of a microbiological test which showed that Jackson had contracted a superbug.","And the terrifying part for him and for our team is that the infection was only treatable with one antibiotic called colistin. And that's a drug that fell out of favor years ago because it was so outrageously toxic. But here we were on the cusp of so much medical advancement, and we were reaching for outdated drugs to treat patients because the bacteria had evolved and mutated in ways that we only had incredibly limited treatment options.","From there, you take us back 100 years to a World War I battlefield in France, a field hospital actually. Tell us why you are connecting these two moments.","Well, I connect those moments because there was a similar situation of a young physician treating a bullet wound. And he was practicing medicine in the days before antibiotics. His name was Alexander Fleming. And he was only using antiseptic fluid and scalpels."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite medical advancement, outdated and toxic drugs were used.","questions":"How were patients treated for the superbug infection?","answer":"With,Colistin"}
{"text":["Up the street.","And how many Union?","That's - the good news and the bad news - there were lots of them but most of them on the 11ths were amateurs.","General Ulysses S.  Grant had diverted Union troops from D. C.  to make an assault on Richmond. Meanwhile, the Confederates were headed for D. C. . So, Howell says, the union quickly recruited anyone they could find.","They were government clerks. I mean, if you could imagine, you know, going down and emptying out all the government offices and telling them, grab your musket and come out and fight off professional confederates - that was the situation on the 11th - not very good for the Yankees. But General Grant, down in Richmond, who thought Jubal Early was down there in Richmond. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implies that General Ulysses S. Grant had diverted Union troops from D.C. to make an assault on Richmond and the Confederates were heading for D.C.,Implies that General Ulysses S. Grant had diverted Union troops from D.C. to make an assault on Richmond and the Confederates were heading for D.C.,","questions":"Which city was General Ulysses S. Grant aiming for?","answer":"Richmond"}
{"text":["How much did you pay for that last box of Girl Scout cookies you bought?Five bucks, six maybe, maybe more?How about $15 billion?That's the price of a single box if - if it were turned into graphine. Researchers at Rice University in Houston have discovered a way to turn anything with carbon into graphine, the super-strong wonder material that can be worth over two million times the price of gold. You heard that right, two million times.","Forget alchemy, that's for chumps. This is graphene, worth a lot more in its weight of gold. Marc Abrahams, editor and founder of the Annals of Improbable Research is here to tell us why graphene is so pricey and what this invention could mean for nanotechnology. Welcome back to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thanks, Ira, nice to be back.","So what is this thing about turning Girl Scout cookies into graphene?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Girl Scout cookies can be turned into graphene, a valuable material.","questions":"What is the material that can be worth over two million times the price of gold?","answer":"Graphene"}
{"text":["But I'm sure that there's something else that you want to share with us. You have your poems about California, poems about the blues.","I've got one. The once called \"Who I Am in Twilight. \"And it's a poem that is actually emblazoned on the sidewalk. And it's set in stone, as it were, on something called \"Poetry Walk\" in Berkeley, California. They put down on sidewalk, Addison Street, about a hundred poets', I think, work. So it's fun to go over there and see how posterity works, because always somebody has dropped some pizza on it, mashed out a cigarette on it, or something like that.","So don't live for posterity, live for now. But here it is. \"Who I am in Twilight. \"","Like John Lee Hooker, like Lightnin' Hopkins, like the blues himself. The Trickster Sonnet, hoedown, the tango, the cante jondo. Like blessed spirituals and ragas, custom-made. Like sagas. Like stories. Like slick, slow, sly, soliloquies sliding into dramas. Like crime and punishment. Like death and birth. Canal Street, New Orleans. Like the easy, erasable, troubled voices a whirling ceiling fan makes in deep summer nights in hot, un-heavenly hotels. Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee. Like the Mississippi River so deep and wide, you couldn't get a letter to the other side. Like Grand Canyon. Like Yosemite National Park. Like beans and cornbread. Like rest and recreation. Like love and like. I know we last. I know our bleeding stops."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The poet's work is inspired by various cultural influences and experiences.","questions":"How does the poet describe the ceiling fan's sound in the poem?","answer":"Sound"}
{"text":["Well, actually, we - there's three records on the chart, the chart of this year. Within the top of 30, you have Flo Rida, and then there - a couple of other songs that were charting this year were Alicia Keys and one by Timbaland with \"One Republic. \"","So, you know, in the - if you look at the top ten, one thing I'm happy about in terms of grading on the curve, if you look at the top ten, every decade that this chart has touched, is represented here. We have one from the 50s, and we also have the '60s, '70s, '80s, and '90s, and this decade represented.","But yeah, there's ample representation of recent hits here. One from this decade in the top 10 being by Mariah Carey, \"We Belong Together. \"","All right, what is changing about the music game with digital distribution?Does it affect how people buy singles, and what might be on the top 100 in the next 50 years?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There are recent hit songs in the top 10 chart.","questions":"Which song by Mariah Carey is in the top 10?","answer":"Together"}
{"text":["How do you think people view the people that you grew up with now?","Well, I think - especially when we're talking about Appalachia, I think it's the same stereotypes we've been dealing with forever. I got off a plane in Arizona, and the person who was driving me said, you know, what do people where you come from think of your books?And before I could answer, she said, or can they read?","Oh.","And I looked at her, and I was kind of angered by that. But at the same time, I don't think she meant it that way. But I said, you know, of course we can read. And we even got shoes, you know. I think, in a lot of ways, we're dealing with the same stereotypes we've dealt with forever."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Well, I think - especially when we're talking about Appalachia, I think it's the same stereotypes we've been dealing with forever.\" Implication: The speaker believes that people from Appalachia are often subject to negative stereotypes that persist over time.","questions":"How do stereotypes affect people from Appalachia?","answer":"Angered."}
{"text":["Thank you.","So boys are broken. What did you mean by that?","I want to clarify that I am not an expert in gender studies. I'm not an expert really in anything, other than maybe '80s music. And so my thoughts are reflective on my experiences and the experiences of people around me and my observations after living 46 years as a dude. What do I mean by boys are broken?I think it means that there is something going on with American men that is giving them the permission and space to commit violence. And one of the main things we focus on correctly is guns and mental health, but I think deeper than that is a problem, a crisis in masculinity.","You wrote in this that the last 50 years redefined womanhood. Women were taught that they can be anything. No commensurate movement for men, who are still generally locked to the same rigid, outdated model of masculinity. And it's killing us. When you say that there's this rigid masculinity, what do you mean by that - that men aren't able to express themselves?","Partially, yeah. I also think that masculinity doesn't have a language in the way that femininity has come to have a language. We understand that femininity can be much more broadly encompassing than masculinity now. When you think of a strong woman, that doesn't rob her of any of her femininity. But when you think of a fragile man, that has the effect culturally, I think, of neutering that guy. And so much of masculinity is rooted in sexuality."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Masculinity doesn't have a language and is much more rooted in sexuality compared to femininity.","questions":"How is masculinity rooted?","answer":"rigidly"}
{"text":["(Laughter).",". . . Over the last couple weeks being on the road with this. So can I take you with me everywhere I go now, Sacha?","We're glad to hear that. Thank you for that. So you actually start your book with a note to readers. It's about a company that was hiring you to teach leadership. And the man you were talking with told you he wanted to make sure that your presentation was also applicable to men. You had a sassy reply. Would you tell our listeners how you responded to him?","Yeah. I said, good question, but only if you ask that of other male speakers for the women that will be in the audience. You know, and I think that - the reason why I wanted to start the book off with this specific anecdote is because I have to bring light to some of the micro-aggressions or insidious things that men say that women have to take and eat and store away."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's about a company that was hiring you to teach leadership. And the man you were talking with told you he wanted to make sure that your presentation was also applicable to men. You had a sassy reply. Would you tell our listeners how you responded to him?\"","questions":"How did the man react when PersonA responded to his comment?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["As we know, the president has been very big on tariffs, right?I mean, he recently tweeted, tariffs are the greatest - one of many tweets like that. What has - what changed here?","This was an amazing turnaround. It was a real victory for the free traders in the White House and for those who argued that it's not good for the president to be in a circular firing squad with our European allies. Instead, he should work with them to pressure China at the WTO about intellectual property theft and forced technology transfers. The other thing that caused this turnaround was the president really needed a win. He was facing a wall of opposition from his own constituents, from Republican members of Congress, from farmers, from people who work in small manufacturing plants.","The other thing that made a big difference, according to a senior White, House official that I talked to, was that the European Commission president, Jean-Claude Juncker, came in with a specific deal. He said we're going to buy this many more soybeans, this much more liquefied natural gas. This is a very transactional president. And, apparently, Canada, Mexico, China - none of them have come in with specific deals the way the EU did last week. So the president went from saying privately, I don't need Europe to making a deal.","And how, Mara, will this deal announcement affect his all-important base?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The firing squad means that the president should not be surrounded by people that hate him.","questions":"How did the free traders in the White House and those who argued against being in a circular firing squad with European allies achieve a victory?","answer":"Soybeans"}
{"text":["It will need to come from all of those sources, but it also has to - we have to take into account that the economic policies that are encouraged in things like bio-fuel all drive up the cost of fuel. So trading policies, agricultural policies that force people to engage in a form of agriculture that destroys the land, increase the price of food and pushes us further towards a global crisis.","Well, Bill, thanks so much.","Any time.","Bill Fletcher is a senior scholar with The Institute for Policy Studies and a former president of TransAfrica Forum."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Economic policies like bio-fuel increase fuel cost and food prices, leading to global crisis.","questions":"How do agricultural policies affect food prices?","answer":"increase"}
{"text":["Kevin, I imagine doing what you do, you can't have much of an appetite for leftovers on a day like today.","No, I probably will be eating a hamburger or something today.","Well, I wish you a very good day, and thanks for taking the time to speak with us.","Absolutely. Have a great time."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A uses the phrase \"eating a hamburger or something\" to refer to what he will eat on that day. The actual meaning of the phrase is that he will likely have a meal that is quick and easy to obtain, rather than specifically referring to a hamburger.","questions":"What is the actual meaning of PersonA's phrase \"eating a hamburger or something\"?","answer":"Quick"}
{"text":["Are they willing to let people die over that principle?","Oh, no. No, you don't - but to who - and that's such an interesting - I love that you got right to the college dorm part of the argument, you know - are you going to let people die?No one's going to let people die. You know, there's talk about - oh, my gosh, the Trump budget cuts Meals on Wheels. Meals on Wheels gets 3 percent of its funding, approximately, from government sources. Ninety-seven percent is people want to take care of their neighbors.","I. . .","People are not going to let their neighbors die."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  Oh, no. No, you don't - but to who - and that's such an interesting - I love that you got right to the college dorm part of the argument, you know - are you going to let people die? No one's going to let people die. You know, there's talk about - oh, my gosh, the Trump budget cuts Meals on Wheels. Meals on Wheels gets 3 percent of its funding, approximately, from government sources. Ninety-seven percent is people want to take care of their neighbors.","questions":"How much of the funding for Meals on Wheels comes from government sources?","answer":"disagreement"}
{"text":["And now to another story we'll hear more about this week. It starts with a number - $90 billion. That's about how much Uber is expected to be worth when it goes public - that despite the fact the company has never actually turned a profit. It's made plenty of money but never more than it spends. Its move to go public and consolidate power comes at a time when Americans are questioning the power of Silicon Valley and leading politicians are calling for the breakup of tech giants. New York Times opinion columnist Farhad Manjoo recently called the Uber IPO a moral stain on Silicon Valley. He admitted his once-bright-eyed take on the startup has dimmed dramatically. He's here to talk with us about why. And he joins us from Mountain View, Calif. Welcome.","Hi. Good to be here.","You say you used to be a naive baby tech pundit who bought into the Uber hype, fanboy of sorts. These are your words. But this past week in your column, you lamented, what's become of Uber?What exactly are you lamenting?","Yeah, I mean, I once thought that Uber could be a win for everyone. You know, we used to - in cities, we used to sort of have these taxi cartels which limited supply and didn't really offer a great service. And Uber seemed like a better version of the taxi. And it also kind of offered these environmental promises. We'd have, you know, people using cars more efficiently. Like, Uber promised that it could get us - you know, more people in cars, get fewer cars on the road."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Uber promised to make transportation more efficient and eco-friendly by getting more people in fewer cars on the road, but this promise has not been fully realized.","questions":"What promise did Uber make regarding transportation efficiency and environmental impact?","answer":"Efficiency"}
{"text":["Make sure you got the right booty shorts on.","Well, it depends on the job you're applying for, I guess.","Yeah. I guess it does. No. I think you're bringing up something that's happening not only in the employment sector, but also for college admissions, and all types of things. So it's finding itself, trickling down into other areas. So the bottom line, first foremost, remember that the Internet is a public space. All right?Anything that you put up there can ultimately - I don't care if you're password protected or not. Ultimately that could be copied, found, and reposted somewhere else. So first and foremost, make sure that your content that you're revealing of yourself is something that you're comfortable with showing to a possible employer or a college admissions officer.","Secondly, use it to your advantage. Use these things like LinkedIn. You create your own blog site. Make sure that some of the discussion that is out there about you, you're controlling that. Make sure you have your own presence online. So talk about some of the extracurricular activities, your hobbies, your interests, things that you've done really, really well or you're very proud about, and take advantage of some of that. I think that's something to really take consideration of because this is a time where people are actually looking at these online sources, and you have to separate between your social life and your business life, and be able to understand how to do that in this online world."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Choosing the appropriate outfit is important for job interviews.","questions":"What is the advice given by \"A\" regarding the content that should be revealed online?","answer":"Comfortable"}
{"text":["And yet we see, at this particular moment in time, isolationism on the rise. We see it in Brexit. We see it here in the United States. Does that make the fight against genocide more difficult?","Oh, I think it absolutely does. There's been a lot of progress in the last 25 years, including the creation of their doctrine that's called Responsibility to Protect, which says that the United Nations has a responsibility to protect the people of a country when their own states fail to do so. What happens if that multilateralism falls apart is that we start to question those powers that do intervene. You start to question their motives in those instances where multilateralism falters.","That's David Simon, director of Yale's Genocide Studies Program. Thank you very much.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer","questions":"Which turn mentioned the director of Yale's Genocide Studies Program?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["But it feels more than a tribute to a great man. It's more about the nature of friendship and how you navigate fundamental differences with people that you care about.","Yeah. What we had that we loved together so much, you know, the things that we shared, the loves that we shared, you know, for literature and for sports other than basketball. But, you know, he was an English teacher. I was an English major. So we had that, and that was a tremendous bond. And it enabled him to reach into my life and for me to have insight into his life.","You write in this book though - and I'm quoting here - \"he didn't quite understand that when you are black in America, everything is about race. \"You got to know him at a time when the civil rights movement was underway. You were finding your voice on race, but he disappointed you on that issue along the way at times.","Well, I don't think coach disappointed me so much as sometimes he didn't understand how race could affect somebody. And he didn't see that until he was with me, and we went through incidents where he saw that geez, he wouldn't like to have experienced that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the nature of friendship and how you navigate fundamental differences with people\" is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as a metaphorical way of describing the dynamics of a complex relationship.","questions":"How is the nature of the relationship between PersonA and coach described in turn 0?","answer":"bond"}
{"text":["The proposed bailout of the auto industry, which includes $15 billion in loans and a car czar to oversee the company's business decisions, is being criticized by some people as too much government interference. Malcolm Salter has advised Ford and GM, and he has studied the auto industry for decades. He's a professor emeritus at Harvard Business School. Welcome to the program.","Good to be here.","Well, what do you think of that plan?","I have some very serious questions about oversight, and I think we're moving awfully quickly on this because, obviously, the events are forcing us to do so. But I have some concerns about this so-called car czar. I'm not quite sure I know what it means. I'm not quite sure I know what decision rights the car czar will have.","And if, in fact, the car czar does have decision rights such as reported the Wall Street Journal this morning, which was where they were to review and presumably review all transactions more than $25 million, that seems to me like pretty granular oversight. And the question that I would ask, who has sufficient specific knowledge to make those kind of decisions who really hasn't been involved in the auto industry?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Good to be here implies that it's very interesting and I'm accepting to be part of it","questions":"Which industry is being criticized in the dialogue?","answer":"Bailout"}
{"text":["Oh, we anticipate that to be the case. We've demonstrated this with antibodies, monoclonal antibodies. I mentioned enzymes already. And so we anticipate quite a range of potential utility for therapeutics.","So you think this a game-changer for storing drugs?","Well, we are very optimistic, yes. I think it could certainly have a major impact.","I want to thank you very much for taking time to be with us today, and good luck to you. It's very fascinating."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The development could have a significant impact on drug storage.","questions":"What could have a significant impact on drug storage?","answer":"Development"}
{"text":["Well, you know, when you talk about fascists, one would think that that movement and the fascism of Mussolini - its ideas might have been buried a long time ago in Italy.","Yeah, well, theoretically, in 1945 when the dictatorship fell. But, you know, Italy was never made to come to terms with its fascist past. There were no Nuremberg trials. And many fascist bigwigs just blended back into society. Italy had a large communist movement that had been the backbone of the partisan battle against fascism. So with the start of the Cold War, the allies feared communists would take over and did not push for a defascistization (ph) of society.","So today, there are several openly fascist parties running in this election. They probably won't overcome the 3-percent threshold to get into Parliament. But they're very visible. They were very loud. And they've, you know, reawakened the political ghosts of the past. They've emboldened other populist parties to use language and make proposals that, until recently, mainstream politics would have really considered unacceptable.","What happened to the moderates, though?I mean, why hasn't the outgoing ruling party, which is center-left, been able to showcase some real achievements that it's had?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Fascist parties have emboldened populist parties to use unacceptable language.","questions":"Which parties have emboldened other parties to use unacceptable language?","answer":"Fascist"}
{"text":["I suppose that reaching young people would be the appropriate place to go to try to build a new sensibility about Africa?","I had this girl in Oakland come up to me, and she says why are you talking to us?I look around the audience here and the kids sitting alongside of me, the people who can make a difference are people with influence, people with money, and the people sitting by me have neither. I said it is so much more than you think in terms of the influence you have and the power you have, the sense of passion you have.","You know, they haven't settled yet often in high school and stuff. We get older and we seem to just settle and say, well that's the way it is and the edge seems to be taken off. But they're at high school, and at colleges, universities, they haven't settled for less and it is - it's inspiring for me as I see the activism that's happening.","Now, does it happen within your own family?I don't know the ages of your children, but I wonder if your passion has been passed down to them?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They suppose that informing young people in an engaging way would be appropriate.","questions":"How did PersonB suggest reaching young people to build a new sensibility about Africa?","answer":"Young"}
{"text":["So what I did was incorporate the superhero, but have them have HIV in real life situations, if the person were to have it. So they would have the same illnesses, the same sicknesses, and even some of the characters may die from AIDS or something like that.","So, the book really shows you - I have in one scene where you see one of the characters is about to have sexual relations with a woman, and he - I show a condom. I talk about. . .","Robert, I'm sorry. We have to wrap it up here. There's so much to talk about. . .","I'm sorry for that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Incorporating a superhero with HIV in real life situations to raise awareness of the disease.","questions":"What illness is incorporated into the superhero in the book?","answer":"HIV"}
{"text":["An appointment like yours will sunset with this presidency. So, what do you plan to do afterwards?","I don't know. You know, government service, my term in government service, the last two years, followed a private-sector career of 24 years. One of the exciting things about being in the government, I think, is when you can move the needle it touches so many people's lives. And prior to this, I ran the Small Business Administration and - which does terrific work, including providing loans for disaster victims, homeowners, not just small businesses. So, I'm very open-minded. You know, I loved working in the private sector, but I just really treasure the opportunity to make an impact through the public sector.","You've mentioned disasters a couple of times, and we are rolling around on the third anniversary of Katrina. The federal government's response was widely criticized. What do you think you've done right in terms of dealing with disasters recently?","Recent history has been very good, whether it be the fires in California or the floods in the Midwest, a number of significant tornado incidents. And what I think has happened well, it really falls into a couple of areas. Number one, I think the response has been rapid. The front-end response has been rapid. Number two, which I don't think is quite as visible to people, is the coordination among government agencies at the federal level, and between the federal and then the state and local levels, has been, I think, much improved."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The appointment will end with the current presidency, and you will lose your job.","questions":"Which presidency?","answer":"Current"}
{"text":["The government created an aid program to help out farmers who are hurt by these tariffs. Have you benefited from that?","Certainly. It was a key part of filling the gap created by the harm that we felt from the tariffs and the money we were losing in that market. But I think most farmers don't want to rely on government aid packages, going forward. We would much rather have access to one of the world's largest users of soybeans.","When you go to the local - I don't know - coffee shop or supply store or Walmart and have conversations with other people in the community, how are people feeling these days?","Well, and that's - I really appreciate you bringing that up 'cause it's not just farmers who are affected by this. Small towns like Kulm, N. D.  - we are an agriculture community. Not everybody here is a farmer. We have many small businesses that rely on farmers - hardware stores, grocery stores. And when farmers struggle, everybody in these small towns starts to feel the hurt. When you talk to businesses who have been around for a long time, I mean, they - their bottom line is directly affected by whether farmers are making a profit or not."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies that the Farmers does want any aid from the government. They would rather prefer that the government remove harsh tariffs on the world's largest soybeans. ","questions":"What do most farmers prefer instead of relying on government aid packages?","answer":"Access"}
{"text":["NPR's Tovia Smith has been following the story from Boston and joins us now. Tovia, let's begin with what you saw in court today.","Well, Felicity Huffman actually broke down in tears in court as she explained to the judge that her daughter knew nothing about the scam and that her daughter's accommodation for extra time on tests was legit. But she then pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit mail fraud, admitting that she paid $15,000 to get her daughter's SAT scores boosted by having someone correct the answers after the daughter took the test.","And we know Huffman is among the most high-profile of defendants, along with the other Hollywood star Lori Loughlin, but another parent also pleaded guilty in court today, and that is LA businessman Devin Sloane, who was involved in a different angle of this scam. He paid bribes to get his son recruited to the USC water polo team even though the son was never a competitive player. And the dad went so far as to get someone to photoshop pictures of his son to look like he was. And he paid $250,000 in bribes that were disguised as charitable donations.","Sloane and Huffman are among 20 parents, coaches, others to plead guilty. What are they hoping for?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"joins us now\" - Literal meaning: Tovia Smith physically joins the radio program at that moment. Actual meaning: Tovia Smith starts speaking on the radio program.","questions":"How did Tovia Smith contribute to the radio program?","answer":"joined"}
{"text":["Yeah. So Texas Governor Greg Abbott, in a press conference, announced the number of casualties in today's shooting here in El Paso. That number is 20 total casualties with 26 others injured. Authorities say the victims range in all age groups. The governor called this one of the deadliest days in Texas.","And what more do we know about the person who was taken into custody?","You know, from the authorities, we don't know much more beyond this was a white 20-year-old - 21-year-old male who was apprehended without incident by the El Paso police at an intersection just behind the Walmart. The state police is taking the lead on this investigation. But at today's press conference, the El Paso police chief say that they believe that this incident may be connected to a hate crime.","And why did they say that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to be connected to something in this context means something happened because of something else","questions":"Which word describes the possible motive of the shooter in this incident?","answer":"Hate"}
{"text":["I think that's George Bush's fault. Everything else is George Bush's fault. John McCain - look, there are a lot of ways to lose a campaign. And one way to think about it is the way Republicans lost the presidential campaign in 1996, which is that Bob Dole became a much less divisive presence in the last weeks of the campaign. Resources were transferred from the presidential campaign to the House races.","And that year, a year that the Republicans could easily have lost the House, that Republican majority in the House was barely saved. So that's a model for one way to do it. But another thing that can happen is, you can run a campaign - and this is what John McCain is doing - that agitates your base and gets them motivated but also forfeits independents and centrists.","And in your piece, this is a lot of what the Palin factor is. . .","Right."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Blaming George Bush for everything is a common theme among Democrats.","questions":"Which theme is commonly discussed by Democrats according to turn 0?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["(Laughter).",". . . The future seems to be getting here, doesn't it?","Well, we've always joked on \"Men In Blazers,\" Scott, that soccer has been America's sport of the future since 1972. But that future is very much now. So next Friday, next Saturday we are holding BlazerCon, which is kind of a Comic-Con but for football. You could say it's like Comic-Con but nerdier, where football fans from across America will come together in Brooklyn and meet with some of the elite global thinkers who are shaping the tectonic plates of football from the Premier League Chairman Richard Scudamore, Christian Siefert, who runs Bundesliga, the gentleman that runs Liverpool, Manchester City, Everton Football Club, as well as the U. S.  women's national team players, MLS owners. It's going to be an absolute cacophony of really exploring joyously the future of football globally, but more importantly, I guess for us, how this game is going to evolve in America in the next decade.","Roger Bennett, host of \"Men In Blazers,\" thanks so much. Hope to talk to you soon, Roger."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is implying that the future is arriving faster than expected.","questions":"What does the speaker joke that soccer has been America's sport of the future since 1972?","answer":"Soccer"}
{"text":["So that, and unfortunately too many people in the community, too many of my friends who are worried about global warming, have already taken a position on fracking. The fact is that natural gas can be made clean. It's not hard. It's much easier to do clean fracking than it is, for example, to make cheap solar.","So I'm hoping that the environmentalists who have started to oppose fracking, I think prematurely, can be won over and recognize that this has to be part of a worldwide energy policy. Natural gas also helps the Chinese because their citizens are being choked by the soot and other emissions of their coal plants.","So expediting a shift, this should be U. S.  policy, that we will help the Chinese make the shift from coal to natural gas. China, India, the developing world, this is absolutely essential.","And what about a shift to renewables?","Well, that's wonderful, and that will ultimately take the place of natural gas, but take China for example. Last year, they installed what everybody says was a gigawatt of solar. In fact, it wasn't a gigawatt because that's the peak power. Average in night, and it's half a gigawatt. Average mornings and late afternoons, it's a quarter of a gigawatt."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Fracking is not as harmful as environmentalists believe.","questions":"Which position have too many people in the community taken on fracking?","answer":"oppose"}
{"text":["And I finished my first really substantial version of \"Copperhead\" the same weekend as the Charlottesville protests almost two years ago, the same weekend that Heather Heyer was murdered. And my wife was reading this draft of \"Copperhead\" at the same time that all this was on the news, so it was very much on my mind.","I mean, my family history - you know, I look back, and I think, OK, this has always been coming. But right now, it feels louder. It feels scarier. But I struggle with the idea that if we somehow hate more, hate louder, hate harder - that's how we're going to win this fight. I think the only thing that can beat away darkness is light. But at the same time, one of the reasons I think this book is important is that we have to have honest conversations about race and class - all of us.","Did you have teenagers in mind as a potential audience for this novel?Would you, for instance, want a high school English class to study \"Copperhead?\"","When I was writing it, I didn't think of it that way. But I think it's an excellent book for teenagers and college students because there are things to talk about. The point of the book isn't to deliver a moral. It's not out there sort of signaling that, yes, we're all good people. It's saying to teens, hey - your actions have consequences, and you have to think about who you want to be."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : .I think the only thing that can overcome negative is positive","questions":"Which event prompted the author to write \"Copperhead\"?","answer":"Charlottesville"}
{"text":["Now, while you are putting all of that together and getting ready to write it, you still have a - have to do your shift with the overnight with the cops, right?","Yeah. That's about once a month. And we actually get - I actually get a break when I'm covering the legislative session, which lasts two months. I actually get a break because the younger reporters - they have to pull a night cop shift at least once a week. So I consider myself lucky.","Well, you have worked there for 18 years.","Eighteen years. Yeah.","I gather that you were not planning to stick around that long, but then you did. Why?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) Implied Meaning: I am fortunate because I don't have to do the night shift that often and I get a break when I am covering the legislative session. ","questions":"Which session does PersonA get a break during?","answer":"Legislative"}
{"text":["Who happens to be black.","You know.","And happens to be benched right now.","Happens to be benched. What do you make of this?I think Vince's issues I think are quite different from Tarvaris. I think there was a lot of pressure on Vince from the time he came out of Texas to kind of be the black Johnny Unitas, and he's going to - they'll both have an opportunity to sit and watch, and hopefully come back with a vengeance.","One really quick other black quarterback not in the league at the moment, in Atlanta, Michael Vick. Is Matt Ryan, the replacement, making Atlanta Falcon fans forget Michael Vick?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person being black is relevant to the conversation","questions":"What characteristic is relevant to the conversation according to turn 0?","answer":"race"}
{"text":["So actually - so there have been many deaths from throwing events in track and field, but the javelin does not take up quite as many of those as the shot and disc do. Yeah, there are some pretty gruesome scenes when talking about the javelin injuries. And obviously, you know, getting impaled by a spear is not that good (laughter). But it's far less common than you might think.","So you're writing this paper which you hope will lead to getting the javelin reinstated as a sport. How do you think that'll work?What's going to be in your paper?","Well, there's a lot of things. You know, I think the biggest concerns that coaches have with implementing the event have to do with the injuries due to the javelin hitting somebody. You know, so I'll have to address that and the actual statistics behind it.","But really it's going to be more of a guide on how to implement the javelin and why it's better that it's included as an event in high school track here than not because, you know, I feel like it's just a great opportunity that everybody should have because I was lucky enough to find it through club track. And, you know, my life would be a lot different if I hadn't."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In (3), when A says \"I'll have to address that and the actual statistics behind it,\" the literal meaning would be that A will simply mention the statistics related to injuries caused by the javelin hitting someone. However, the implied meaning is that A will need to address the concerns of coaches regarding the safety of the javelin event and provide evidence to support the claim that the sport can be implemented safely.","questions":"What will PersonA have to address besides the statistics related to injuries caused by the javelin hitting someone in order to support the inclusion of the javelin as an event in high school track?","answer":"Safety"}
{"text":["A judge on Friday, before his disappearance, had slapped him with a half-million-dollar judgment in relation to some of his previous business dealings. His wife had filed for divorce. His stepfather had also been buried on the same day that the judgment came down.","Mr.  Schrenker is from Indiana. His plane crashed in Florida. He landed in your state, Alabama. Where exactly will he face charges?","He already faces charges in Indiana from the secretary of state's office. He likely will face charges in Florida. The Coast Guard Investigative Services now are working with the Pensacola U. S.  attorney's office. They are tallying up the cost of the search for him. That will include manpower hours; that will include two helicopters, a boat and a cutter that they had put into the water. So, he will face a felony charge there, which has not been filed yet, of making a false distress call, and likely will be asked to repay the cost of the search for him.","Carol, has anything been heard from his wife or those who had invested money with him?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Coast Guard will charge Mr. Schrenker for making a false distress call, and he will have to pay for the cost of the search.","questions":"What charge will Mr. Schrenker face?","answer":"False"}
{"text":["With us now, author and economist Julianne Malveaux, she is president of Bennett College. Welcome, Dr.  Malveaux.","Greetings, Farai. How are you?","I'm doing well, but some people aren't. And let's talk about these figures and really, what is shifting in our economy right now in terms of the different sectors where people are losing these tens of thousands of jobs?","Well, people are looking ahead and they're very uncertain, and that's what we see in markets. We see people laying people off. We also have some challenge in financial market. Certainly, the Bear Stearns' crisis raises all kinds of questions. The housing market, of course, we've talked about that on this program several times, but the fact is that we see a stagnancy. We don't see growth. We see houses that are overvalued. Lots of people in mortgage crisis. People who bought homes within the last five years finding that they overpaid for their homes and they couldn't sell them in what they paid for them, so they're stuck. That removes liquidity."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Certainly, the Bear Stearns' crisis raises all kinds of questions.\" - The literal meaning is a statement about the impact of the Bear Stearns crisis on the financial market. The implied meaning is that the Bear Stearns' crisis has resulted in uncertainty and questions about the stability of the financial market.","questions":"What kind of questions does the Bear Stearns' crisis raise?","answer":"uncertainty"}
{"text":["It's so hard, yeah. . .","But - yeah.",". . . To not be recognized. I know this is one of the things that many people say, is not being recognized by their family members. It's just the worst feeling in the world.","Yeah. And in our case, it wasn't permanent. I mean, I can't imagine the feeling of people for whom this is a constant."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"the worst feeling in the world\" implies that not being recognized is the feeling that causes the most pain.","questions":"What feeling does being not recognized cause according to turn 2?","answer":"Pain"}
{"text":["So - but they did these kits, which also are - each one of them is a box that contain a lot of evidence that could be tested. And so yes, we have a problem in this country with rape culture. You see that going on right now. It's never been more evident than it is now - rape culture, sexual harassment culture, all of that.","And so training was also needed. Back then, when we first started, we had found police reports in some files that we pulled where police officers were writing very disparaging things about our victims - not believing them, dismissing their cases, not bothering to work on them. And so that was a part of it as well - not just the neglect, not just no money but just active rape culture in play, where they just did not care.","Based on your expertise, this is happening in a number of cities and counties. Isn't it?","Yeah. There are estimated to be over 400,000 untested abandoned rape kits in this country. And I don't know if you're familiar with Michigan Stadium right here in our state. It seats over 100,000 people. When I tell people that the amount of untested kits in this country that they're estimated to be - you can fill up the biggest college or national football stadium in the country four times. And that's if each kit represents a victim - which it does - and you think of game day at Michigan Stadium four times over, that's how many we have in this country. And that's probably a conservative estimate. It is absolutely horrible. And hopefully, it is changing, albeit very slowly."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"writing very disparaging things about our victims - not believing them, dismissing their cases, not bothering to work on them.\"","questions":"How were the police officers treating the victims?","answer":"Dismissive"}
{"text":["Let's get back to the news organizations who weren't permitted in this briefing. Now, I gather this kind of briefing is called a gaggle. What happened?","That's right.","Were you there?What did you see?","Well, what happened is instead of the daily on-camera briefing, Sean Spicer called a gaggle so he could talk to the pool. That's the small group of reporters that go places where the entire press corps can't fit. And then they share their transcripts and their notes with everyone else in the press corps. The White House said this gaggle would have an extended pool. And turns out they invited some additional organizations, but they pointedly excluded others like CNN, The New York Times, Politico. NPR was not there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) implies that the speaker wants to know what the speaker observed,","questions":"What is the name of the briefing that Sean Spicer called instead of the daily on-camera briefing?","answer":"Gaggle"}
{"text":["All right.","You know, Cory Booker is the latest Democrat to get in, but most of the conversation this last week was about Howard Schultz, who calls himself a longtime Democrat - lifelong Democrat - but who is talking about running as an independent.","Try and avoid any latte jokes. He didn't exactly make a good first impression with a lot of people, did he?","It is no joke to a lot of Democrats. They're seeing a Schultz candidacy as a spoiler, a way to split the anti-Trump vote and re-elect Trump. And most of the positive commentary about Schultz's candidacy has been coming from the other side, including the president, who sent out a tweet questioning Schultz's smarts and saying he didn't have the guts. And it just might sound like the way to goad somebody to run, especially if someone really would like to see Schultz in the race.","Seemed clear this week more than ever that the directors of U. S.  intelligence agencies see the world differently than President Trump does, doesn't it?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : to see the world differently means to have a different opinion","questions":"How did the directors of U.S. intelligence agencies see the world compared to President Trump?","answer":"Differently"}
{"text":["But any discussion of regulating it?","Yeah, absolutely. And in fact, the organizer did bring in a bunch of bioethicists to attend this meeting to really remind people of the concerns people have about this. And for example, one of the bioethicists got up in the opening stages of the meeting to remind people that this is the 200th anniversary of the publication of Mary Shelley's \"Frankenstein,\" and people could sort of draw a connection between these two events in their minds. And so they had to be really careful. They had to be really transparent to make sure that society has an open debate about this sort of thing before it gets too far down the road.","All right, Rob Stein, NPR Health correspondent, thanks so much.","Oh, sure. Great being here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn (2) contains an example of figurative language, where the connection between the publication of Mary Shelley's \"Frankenstein\" and the discussion about regulating a particular technology is symbolic rather than literal. The bioethicist is using the reference to \"Frankenstein\" to illustrate the potential dangers of unbridled scientific progress, rather than making a direct comparison between the two events.","questions":"How is the connection between the publication of Mary Shelley's \"Frankenstein\" and the discussion about regulating a particular technology described?","answer":"Symbolic"}
{"text":["What would be a - and forgive the pun - what would be the holy grail for an Indiana Jones like you?What would be the ultimate?","Well, that would be to go right back to the beginning, you know, to do like a dino brew, you know, sort of a Garden of Eden type of beverage, I guess. And unfortunately in the Paleolithic period, the containers get destroyed. They were probably made out of leather, wood or whatever. So we don't have remnants of any containers from the Paleolithic period.","And that's important because once you have a container like pottery, made of pottery, the liquids get absorbed into that, and it helps to retain the ancient organic materials until the biomolecular archeologists like us comes along thousands of years later.","Do you have any bets of where the cradle of civilization for wine and beer originates?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Garden of Eden and Dino brew are not literal; it implies that they'd find something really old that dates back to the beginning of an era we have knowledge of.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the containers used in the Paleolithic period?","answer":"Leather"}
{"text":["Let me move on to another issue. I was covering both the Democratic and Republican Conventions, and one of the biggest applause lines during the Republican Conventions had to do with drilling for oil. Drill now, drill now, drill now. There is a serious set of distinctions between Senator Obama's policy towards energy and the McCain campaigns policy towards energy. Very briefly, very briefly, describe them to me, as they would affect consumers.","OK, I would say three distinct differences. One, the emphasis of McCain has been on drilling. The facts show that he U. S.  consumes 25 percent of the world's oil and has 3 percent of the reserves. So it's obvious that we cannot drill our way out of that problem.","Obama's focus has been on what can we do in the immediate run, and in the long run, to wean our dependence on oil. And that means investing in an extensive program to convert the economy with green jobs and research, deployment, development of alternative energy. And it also means efficiencies, conservation, raising fuel standards and things to reduce our demand.","So emphasizing the whole portfolio of energies and reducing our demand, but we know that ultimately we've got to move to a different source of energy, and that's the only way to do it. And that is a very big difference between the two candidates."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Drilling for oil is not a viable solution to the problem of oil consumption","questions":"What is the main focus of Obama's energy policy?","answer":"Green"}
{"text":["Yeah, Scott, well it began with - you know, it was a warm night last night, and people were out - it was a Friday night - sitting at a restaurant out at a cafe. And that's how it started. The attackers drove by with Kalashnikovs and just fired into everyone at that outdoor cafe. And there was also an attack on the stadium - the national stadium - where Francois Hollande was watching a game - a friendly game - match between France and Germany - a soccer match. And two assailants blew themselves up with - they were suicide bombers outside the stadium. And everyone ran to the grass to take cover. There was complete chaos. It had to be evacuated. The thing authorities are saying that's so striking is that they were perfectly coordinated.","To occur at the same time. . .","Exactly.",". . . Which, of course, would deplete the emergency resources the city could bring to it. In the. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is agreeing with the previous speaker's statement about the attacks being coordinated, and the use of the word \"exactly\" suggests a shared understanding between the two speakers. This also implies that there may be more to the story than what has been reported so far, and that further investigation may be necessary to fully understand the nature and motives of the attackers.","questions":"What word did the speaker use to agree with the previous PersonA's statement?","answer":"Exactly"}
{"text":["And I don't know if they ever made the spreadsheet. But the two of them really decided early on that they were committed to this. He also happened to be Swedish, which she said helped. But, you know, really kind of staying on top of it seemed to be the most important thing for couples.","And so what do you think the takeaway is?What needs to happen?","I think the takeaway is more awareness. One of the problems is that we have this idea of the modern involved father. We all know that things have improved a lot since the 1950s. And it's really easy to focus on that rather than to know - and I think most people don't know because they don't look at statistics - that fathers' participation leveled off at 35% around the year 2000. So we go into parenting expecting something like parity. But it doesn't manifest. So our expectations are really not being met. And that leads to a lot of anger.","That was Darcy Lockman, author of \"All The Rage: Mothers, Fathers And The Myth Of Equal Partnership. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A takeaway is a key fact, point, or idea to be remembered, typically one emerging from a discussion or meeting.","questions":"What is the definition of a takeaway in the context of the dialogue?","answer":"Definition"}
{"text":["Different things. Some people have heard of the Ig Nobel Prize, many have not. To some of them - there have been some winners who have been waiting for it for years. More typically they're not quite sure what it is. Our standard policy, which - it has a few twists now and then. But in general, when we've chosen somebody, we will quietly get in touch with them, offer them the prize and give them the opportunity to quietly to decline the honor. And if they say no, that's fine, that's it. We never mention it. We don't even keep records. We give it to somebody else. But happily for us, not many people decline. Almost everybody accepts.","And some of them - do they actually go on to win the real Nobel Prize?","That's happened at least once. In the year 2000, we gave the Ig Nobel Prize in psychics to two physicists in England, Andre Geim and Michael Berry, who were, and are, quite eminent physicists. They won the Ig Nobel Prize that year for using magnets to levitate a frog. I don't know if you've seen the videos on the Web of that.","Yeah, yeah, yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Winning the Ig Nobel Prize doesn't discredit their scientific achievements","questions":"Which prize did Andre Geim and Michael Berry win in the year 2000?","answer":"Psychics"}
{"text":["I want to talk a little bit about the words that are used to describe wine. You know, normally we hear things like dry, oaky, buttery - I kind of understand what those mean. But sommeliers have a much more creative way of describing tasting notes that you might not hear in a restaurant.","Well, you get everything from the more straightforward fruits and vegetables. So it could be pomegranate, raspberry, blackberry, apple, pear, lemon. They can also range to the far more imaginative. There were times where I was sitting in a tasting group and I thought that I was hearing someone read from a Wiccan book of love spells.","(Laughter).","Burnt hair, desiccated strawberry, armpit, you know (laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Burnt hair, desiccated strawberry, armpit, you know.\" This turn implies that the person is using unconventional and perhaps even unpleasant descriptions to convey the taste and aroma of the wine, rather than simply using literal and conventional terms like \"sweet\" or \"fruity\".","questions":"How would you describe the taste and aroma of the wine?","answer":"Unconventional"}
{"text":["And there were a lot of things we did with George, always trying to recover the Pinta population of tortoises.","But nothing worked out, huh?","Nothing worked out. George was never very interested in any other tortoises. He was pretty much of a loner. And if you think about his life on Pinta, he spent probably the first half of his life alone on that island, and maybe by the time he'd gotten company with other tortoises, he just wasn't too into socializing much anymore.","Now, what made him unique genetically?Why is he the last of his kind?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Why is he the last of his kind?\" - The literal meaning of this question is asking for the reason behind George being the last of his species. The actual meaning is more complex, as the speaker is likely asking for an explanation of the genetic factors that led to the extinction of the Pinta tortoise population and George's unique genetic makeup.","questions":"How was George unique?","answer":"Loner"}
{"text":[". . . a day. And. . .",". . . capsized on this catamaran. He's there with this guy called Rene Wassing, the Dutch anthropologist, and his last words are: I think I can make it.","I think I can make it. And he dove in and swam to shore, and was never seen again.","Now, you went to Asmat yourself. You are a writer who's worked in many countries, but you say this is 10,000 square miles of maybe one of the wildest places on earth.","Yeah. It's the southwest coast of what's now Indonesian Papua, was then Dutch New Guinea; and it is a swamp."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) B's last words were \"I think I can make it\" and then he dove in and swam to shore, but he was not able to make it and was never seen again. The actual meaning here is that B was optimistic about his chances of survival and tried to make a run for it, but ultimately failed.","questions":"Which anthropologist was with PersonB when he capsized on the catamaran?","answer":"Rene"}
{"text":["We have all been growing increasingly frustrated and upset about the direction of this country. Not just about policies, right?We're going to likely disagree. But it has been this bomb that I call it he has exploded within this country along racial lines. We have all been frustrated, and so we found a way to actually do something and say something and push back on this narrative around what we're saying about black and brown people as if this is not our country. No matter where our background is, what he's doing as it relates to immigrants - we felt like it wasn't enough being said, and so coming together, we thought our voices together would make a stronger impact.","Are you concerned at all that people will just dismiss this criticism of President Trump as a partisan attack?","You know, at this point, it doesn't matter. If they want to dismiss it, they can, but they are dismissing the larger point that was being made. He challenged our patriotism. He challenged the citizenship of those four women who are citizens of this country. He consistently challenges that when it comes to people of color. And so at this point, if somebody wants to dismiss it just because they want to see it through the lens of politics, that's a problem. But we elevated the fact that because we served this country and because we love this country, it doesn't mean that we have to sit quietly as we see things going wrong in this country.","Dru Ealons is a political blogger and strategist who served as a senior official at the EPA during the Obama administration."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Sit quietly\" is not about literally sitting down. Here, the implication is they don't want to be quiet, they want to speak out politically to protest against the President.","questions":"How do they want to speak out against the President?","answer":"Politically"}
{"text":["So even though there are contaminations or contaminants that can affect the meteorite, there is definitely a lot of information that you can learn about these. In fact, you know, a lot of times people wonder, you know, meteoritics is such a small sort of niche of very specialized science. But everything that we understand about the beginnings of the Earth, everything that we understand about beginnings of the solar system, what we're made of, what the planet's made of, the age of the Earth, all of that comes from studying meteorites. And, you know, we can learn a lot from that.","Would that be a good topic for a novel, do you think?","Absolutely. There are actually quite a few novels that have been written about meteorite impacts and, you know, microbes being carried over here from other places. And yes, there are science fiction books that I've certainly read very avidly about that, but, yes. . .","So what is the holy grail of a meteorite collector?What do you really wish for some day?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : not the literal grail or cup\/platter used by jesus, but the most important thing or idea","questions":"Which object is referred to as the holy grail of a meteorite collector?","answer":"Meteorite"}
{"text":["Science and magic are supposed to be opposites. Science is real, and it's hard, and it's facts-driven. Magic is illusion, and it's make-believe. Two separate worlds. But not for Teller, half of the famous magic duo Penn & Teller. He recently wrote an article for Smithsonian magazine, outlining the secrets that magicians use to manipulate the human mind and how those tricks may be put to use by scientists. At the core of every trick, he wrote, is a cold, cognitive experiment in perception. Does the trick fool the audience?","Well, in this portion of the program, we would like to hear from the magicians out there. What is the trick that proved most difficult for you to master?And if you want to share its secret, what was its secret?Our number is 800-989-8255. Our email address is talk@npr. org. And you can join the conversation on our website. Go to npr. org, and click on TALK OF THE NATION. Teller joins us from NPR member station KNPR in Las Vegas. Teller, thanks very much for joining us.","Happy to be here.","So psychologists talk about the artistic intuition that magicians have, this innate ability honed over time, a lot, a lot of time to grab a person's attention and control it and manipulate it. Are they right about that?Are psychologists on to something in this assessment of what you magicians are really up to?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Magic is illusion, and it's make-believe.\" In this turn, the speaker is using the term \"make-believe\" to refer to the nature of magic. The literal meaning of \"make-believe\" is pretending or imagining something that is not real. However, in the context of magic, it implies the creation of illusions and the suspension of disbelief.","questions":"How does the speaker define \"make-believe\" in the context of magic?","answer":"Illusion"}
{"text":["Well, right now, you'll be happy to hear I don't think there is any danger. I think the concern is that as we continue to make progress then eventually there might come a point when they are as smart as we are or even smarter. And intelligence in general is a very powerful thing. It's what makes us very powerful relative to other animals here on this planet. It's not because we are stronger muscles or sharper claws that the fate of the gorillas is now in our hands rather than in the gorilla's hands. And so similarly, if we create machines that exceed human intelligence then those machines also could be very powerful relative to us.","Well, I was flabbergasted when I began to do some reading. Although you say it's not about to happen; it's a while away; it is possible that children listening to this broadcast in the back seat of their parents' automobile might have to confront this?","Yeah, so that's why I think it's very positive that Elon Musk and some other people are not saying it's time to actually start work out the technology that we would need to keep machines safe, even if they eventually reach human level intelligence.","I mean, what's to solve?What do you do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  implies surprise that the potential for machines to reach human intelligence is a reality that children might have to consider.","questions":"How was PersonB feeling about the possibility of children having to confront the potential for machines to reach human intelligence?","answer":"Surprised"}
{"text":["Uterine artery embolization really cuts off the blood flow. The focused ultrasound works slightly differently because it's actually a procedure that doesn't require any incisions. The high-intensity ultrasound goes through the abdominal wall and is able to destroy the fibroid. So, it really doesn't affect the blood supply, but it can zero in and destroy the fibroid tissue.","It sounds like there's been a lot of advances in how people deal with this.","There have been, and I think that many women need to know better what their options are, and even many doctors are not aware of all of the ongoing research. For so many years, we just kind of relied on hysterectomy to fix all of the problems. And I think as women are busy in the workforce and doing more activities with their family and working that the benefit of minimally invasive treatments is really evident.","Suppose that you're someone who's had fibroids and you've had them removed, is there a chance they're going to come back, and if so, what do you do then?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : And I think as women are busy in the workforce and doing more activities with their family and working that the benefit of minimally invasive treatments is really evident.\" - The actual meaning is that because women are busy with work and family, they need treatments that are less invasive and have a shorter recovery time.","questions":"Which group of people may benefit from minimally invasive treatments according to A?","answer":"Women"}
{"text":["No. No.",". . . So many times. Yeah, because they didn't think I was part of the family. Now - I mean, I'm a 30-year-old woman now. . . .","Yeah.",". . . My identity is very clear to me. And I don't have to make it clear to anyone else because I don't think that's important, what anyone else thinks about me or what box they want to put me in. But I will say, for myself, making this record definitely was just a declaration of who I find myself being."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : She is not being put in a box. She means the roles people apply to her and her life.","questions":"How does she define her identity?","answer":"undefined"}
{"text":["Tracy Letts, who won the 2008 Pulitzer Prize for his play, has adapted it for the screen. He's also won a Tony for starring on Broadway in \"Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?\"He plays a U. S.  senator in the latest season of \"Homeland,\" and is a member of Chicago's Steppenwolf ensemble. Tracy Letts joins us from Chicago. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me.","You know, such a well-known play, but I'm afraid I don't think I've ever heard the story of how you came to write \"August: Osage County. \"","It's based on family history. My grandfather - my mother's father - committed suicide when I was 10 years old. And my grandmother descended into years of downer addiction, which had a horrible impact on my family and has ripples in my family even to this day. And watching all of that unfold as a 10-year-old certainly had an impact on me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is that Tracy Letts watched his family suffer when he was 10 years old, but the implied meaning is that the experience had a lasting effect on him and shaped his life and art.","questions":"What is the lasting impact of Tracy Letts' family experience on his life and art?","answer":"Art"}
{"text":["I don't know where life would have led Ionel Talpazan if he'd slept on a cardboard box on a corner of, say, Akron or Peoria. But in New York, a famous art figure named Henry Tobler saw an artist in his drawings and wrote about him in scholarly journals. His pictures were included in Manhattan art galleries, and from the 1990s on, Ionel made his way in the world by his art. By the time he died, his works had hung at the American Visionary Art Museum and museums in San Francisco, London, Berlin, Madrid and France. Talpazans were sold in fancy galleries from SoHo to Chelsea. The man who'd slept in a box moved to a New York apartment.","My art shows spiritual technology, something beautiful and beyond human imagination that comes from another galaxy, he once told the Western Folklore journal. So in a relative way, this is like the God. Ionel Talpazan imagined incredible things and made them alive in the eyes of others. In a way, he did escape on his UFO.","(Singing) I wouldn't fool you, but I - I've seen the saucers so many times, I'm almost. . .","Elton John. You're listening to NPR News."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  implies that Ionel Talpazan was able to find success and make something of himself, and in a way, he was able to \"escape\" his struggles and reach his dreams","questions":"What did Ionel Talpazan do to make a name for himself?","answer":"Art"}
{"text":["Some of that is after 9\/11, but you know, a lot more flags and a lot more talking about America's mission to do good around the world. You hear it from secretaries of state down to ordinary people. That's new. That wasn't there before.","But there's also pushback to that too. So there's a bit more - I noticed a little bit more serious engagement among people in the - certainly in Washington and policy circles who are talking more about how the U. S.  and the world should interact. There wasn't much of that before. It was more the U. S.  sort of saying we should do this, this is how it's going to be, we're laying down the law.","So there's changes going on, but these changes are mirrored by changes all over the world. So there's nothing particularly unique about what's going on in the U. S.","I remember speaking to you, I think it was about two and a half years ago, and you were reporting on - from one of the most stultified regions in the world, where nothing seemed to change, decades of ossification in the Arab societies around the Middle East. And you now live in one of the most, for better or for worse, dynamic places in the world."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Lay down the law\" is an expression meaning the U.S. wouldn't listen to the needs of other countries, but would tell them what to do.","questions":"Which expression means the U.S. wouldn't listen to the needs of other countries, but would tell them what to do?","answer":"Law"}
{"text":["I was like, yeah. She's like, what do you talk about?I say, my life, our life. And she's like, so you tell them about us and they pay you.","And she's like, I've never found you entertaining enough to pay you anything.","In fact, I wish you would shut up so - so she was - and my father is even worse. I mean, he's very dry. My mom has all the personality. My father is a - he's Swiss-German, so I mean he's just a combination of. . .","Known so much for their humor."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A: \"And she's like, so you tell them about us and they pay you.\" - The phrase \"she's like\" is a colloquialism that means \"she said\" or \"she asked\", and it does not convey the literal meaning of the speaker's words.","questions":"How does \"she's like\" differ from its literal meaning?","answer":"Colloquialism"}
{"text":["There were a bunch of others, \"The Rover Boys,\" a whole bunch, all out of this little, tiny factory.","Wow. Anything like it around today?","There are a million things descended from it. As far as I know, there's nothing really like it that would center each one on. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : bunch of others implies there are so many others available ","questions":"How many things are descended from it?","answer":"million"}
{"text":["You know, the liveliest speculation game in Washington right now is playing Rexit (ph), guessing the day that Rex Tillerson exits the Cabinet. He was first suggested to Bush - suggested by Bush officials. He was not a Trump crony. And the Bush officials had little use for Trump. And Tillerson was accepted by Trump despite the fact that he had little use for former Bush officials. So this was not a marriage made in heaven. And at the moment, it promises to be a mercifully brief marriage.","Bob Corker of Tennessee Senate, head of the Senate foreign relations committee, said, quote, \"I think Secretary Tillerson, Secretary Mattis and chief of staff Kelly are those people that help separate our country from chaos. \"That is not a ringing endorsement of executive leadership, is it?","No. And the question is, from whence cometh this chaos?Is it something that the president can't protect us from?Or is the chaos, in a sense, the responsibility of this palace guard because it's coming from inside the palace itself?","And president had dinner with military families, called in photographers and said, maybe it's the calm before the storm. And when he was asked why, he said, you'll find out. What do you make of this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is that President Trump had dinner with military families, called in photographers and said that it may be \"the calm before the storm\". When asked why he said \"you'll find out\". The actual meaning of (4) is that President Trump is creating a sense of mystery and suspense, which implies that there may be something major yet to come.","questions":"Which word describes the implication of President Trump's statement during the dinner with military families?","answer":"Implication"}
{"text":["According with my investigation, the first responsible of this crime was the 27th Battalion in Iguala, in particular, the colonel that received the phone call from the drug lord ordering him. You have to rescue my drugs. I pay you for this. You have - I don't know what you have to do. I want my drugs back.","Have they faced any consequences?What have they said to your findings?","Even now, the Mexican government is nagging (ph) in all the ways possible that the army - they were present. The real persons that were involved on that crime are not in jail. And I think if we are able to understand, if we are able to send to these people to jail, maybe we will be able to stop all these abuses of power and human rights violations.","You have been an investigative journalist for many years. It is an incredibly dangerous profession. We've seen so many journalists in Mexico killed. You are now living in Italy for your own safety. You have received threats. Are you worried about what this will mean for you and your family?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Mexican government is constantly communicating things about the army in all ways that they can.","questions":"How is the Mexican government communicating about the army?","answer":"Nagging"}
{"text":["Yeah, because, particularly when you're talking about tipped industries, where if somebody has a bad experience and they leave you zero dollars, that's your rent money. You get paid $2. 13 an hour. And particularly on alcohol-fueled public holiday, it gets even a little sketchier because you never know who's going to have, like, a fight with their friends, and nobody remembers the tip. And it's not that you did anything. It's just that drunk people are less frequently reliable as far as social norms.","You wrote a very successful book a couple of years ago, and now you're a professional writer. What are the holidays like for you now?","Oh, man, I do nothing. It's fantastic. I don't think I'm ever going to have the inclination to do a lot of work around the holidays because, to me, luxury is not doing a whole lot of anything. And it's - it's good to see the kids. That's a huge difference. I never saw the kids near the holidays. My youngest is 3. You know, seeing a 3-year-old on Christmas is pretty amazing - and not having to stress about the bills. The holidays were often the worst times of the year because you have so much extra social expectation and spending that needs to be done. You can be cheery and merry if you're not calculating in the back of your head the nickels.","So tonight, when - when people are out to have a good time, they should remember the servers that they deal with this. This is a living for them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implies that the speaker used to have a difficult time during the holidays, as they had to worry about bills and expenses that come with the season.","questions":"Which time of the year was often the worst for the speaker?","answer":"Holidays"}
{"text":["Yes. Everywhere we looked, we found these networks using very, very similar tactics. And often, not - they're different from what I think we have seen in the U. S.  elections where Russian operatives set up groups for a very long time. And also, like, in European countries, we saw those groups operating for years, sometimes starting as a lifestyle page or a movie page, and then slowly, but surely, shifting to becoming a far-right page. That is a clear, deceptive tactic to pull in more and more people into their stories.","And this disinformation that you were finding - it tended to skew to the far-right, or were people on the far-left - were there other groups skewing it in different directions?","Yes. So we started looking at what actual disinformation is spreading and looked who's spreading is. And time and again, we went down a rabbit hole to the far-right. But in Italy, for example, we also found a lot of populist, but they're not far-right parties. So it was not only far-right, but mainly far-right - what we found in our research.","And you said you went down the rabbit hole of who was creating this. Just speak a little bit more about that. Was this official groups, random individuals - or can you even tell?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Far-right parties were the main spreaders of disinformation.","questions":"How did disinformation tend to skew in the research conducted by \"A\"?","answer":"Far-right"}
{"text":["What are the problems in getting aid to arrive?","You know, and it's interesting to note - it's been, like, a week for a lot of these people because on Monday people started going into these shelters as it moved there. So, you know, for the people that are there, it's feeling really like it's been a long time.","There are still a lot of roads that are blocked going into some of these areas. These are remote areas. Some of them only had one road to begin with. Trees are down. Power lines have fallen across, so those are blocked. You know, they need to get the bulldozers in there in terms of clearing those roads so that access can actually get in there. So that is actually the biggest hold up in reaching what were really the hardest hit parts of Haiti.","And there must be concern about the spread of Zika, malaria, cholera and other diseases."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  Implied meaning: There is a fear of the spread of Zika, malaria, cholera, and other diseases due to the lack of access to aid.","questions":"Which diseases?","answer":"Zika,Malaria,Cholera"}
{"text":["His anatomy turns out to be such that when he tastes something, he experiences it as much more intense than someone who has a lower density of taste buds on his tongue and. . .","Well, let me go through - let me ask you - well, let me just remind everybody that this is SCIENCE FRIDAY, from NPR. And I'm talking with Barbara Stuckey, author of \"Taste What You're Missing. \"Are you saying that we each have different numbers of taste buds on our tongues?Not - we all don't have the same number of taste buds?","We all live in our own private sensory world. So yes, the answer is we all have a different anatomy picture that really influences how we experience. . .","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A: His anatomy turns out to be such that when he tastes something, he experiences it as much more intense than someone who has a lower density of taste buds on his tongue...","questions":"What is the reason for his intense experience of taste?","answer":"Anatomy"}
{"text":["He does seem more comfortable making deals with his fellow New Yorker Chuck Schumer than he does Mitch McConnell and Paul Ryan. But Republicans in Congress almost shrugged this off this week. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell said, in his own dry way, we look forward to seeing the president's own legislative proposal. But this also does seem to be the first time in this tentative deal on the DREAMers that Donald Trump did something that could possibly alienate his base.","Well, that's a good point. I mean, what about his base?We have seen some reaction to this. What has it been?","This is splitting his base. Polls show that most Americans are sympathetic to the DREAMers. Majorities favor letting them stay, even large numbers of Republicans, but not the president's hardcore base. And we saw this week on Twitter some Trump supporters burning their Make America Great Again hats. We saw the headlines in Breitbart, the \"alt-right\" website run by his former political adviser, Steve Bannon. The headline said \"Amnesty Don. \"We're now going to find out how much of his base is what I call the Fifth Avenue voters, people who will stick with him no matter what. You know, he famously said, I could stand on Fifth Avenue and shoot someone and not lose any voters.","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The president's hardcore base does not support letting DREAMers stay","questions":"How do most Republicans feel about letting DREAMers stay?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["And how do you do that?","Well, on the behavioral side, that means helping them go from being in this setting to open air and open - eventually open water. We would take them through a very careful process of getting used to the transport units, getting used to being on a crane and in a truck and then in a tank on the dock. Eventually, they might even take drives around Baltimore to get used to the idea that they're going to be mobile since they've have not done that before.","The other aspect is the physiological adaptation, and that's a very complex and laborious process. Every - all living organisms have a microbiome associated with them. That's all the microorganisms that live around us and on us - bacteria, fungus, spores, larvae, et cetera. Dolphins do too and, in fact, in seawater, it's quite present. And the water that they live in now, which is man-made saltwater, it's fairly sterile. And of course, the ocean is not sterile.","So we will go through a long process, once we've selected a site, that will begin to integrate that water into the water they live in here so that eventually, when they leave here, they will be in water that almost completely matches the water that they'll be moving to.","I gather, Mr.  Racanelli, you've known dolphins, worked with them in a sense, since you were a teenager."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The process of helping dolphins adjust to open water involves gradually introducing them to the same type of water they will encounter in the ocean, so that when they are released, they will be able to survive in the new environment.","questions":"Which aspect of adaptation involves the microorganisms that live around and on all living organisms?","answer":"Microorganisms"}
{"text":["And I saw that with just kids I knew at public school that were gifted. A lot of them struggled as they got older because they've been told they were smart. And so when they failed, they felt let down, they felt confused, and they blamed themselves.","So I think you see that on a much grander level with a child star where they get this level of fame and success and they think that that's going to last forever because they get used to it. And as they get older it's taken away from them, and they're not sure who to blame. And they don't know how to do anything for themselves.","And almost inevitably taken away from them by a disease called adolescence.","Yes, exactly. I mean I think that child stars are - they're used, in a way, to - their cuteness is used. And a lot of child actors - I mean people often ask me, they say why were you in so many kids' movies. And one was that my mother and father believed that there weren't enough good kids' movies out there. Now, I wasn't always in the best kids' movies, but they thought that that was important. And another thing is that there can really only be so many \"To Kill A Mockingbirds\" out there."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The kids were smarter than the other kids in their class.","questions":"How did the gifted kids feel when they failed?","answer":"Letdown"}
{"text":["Well, we obviously have our seismologists and the geologists which look at the pattern and the history. And ultimately, we start with looking at all the faults that are in the Bay Area, the proximity. In the Bay Area, we have two very large faults, frankly. One of them is the San Andreas Fault, which produced the 1906 earthquake, which runs a few miles away from the Golden Gate and runs up and down the coast of California, goes all the way down to Southern California. The other one is the Hayward Fault, which is in the Berkeley Hills, and is also a major earthquake.","So those quakes, we basically look at their seismic hazard, if you will, and from that generates the possible or potential seismic hazard. And then we get intensities that, based on the soils that we have, based on the history of ground motions that we recorded, we come up with those intensities at very different frequencies I was talking about earlier.","(Unintelligible)","And then from that, we generate a spectrum that ultimately gets used to generate multiple, different simulated ground motions. That we take our structure and in a computer model, we run that structure and we subject this with those displacements. And the computer model is intended to do the equilibrium, statically, at every instant in time, microsecond. And the target would be that we know what the forces are in our structure and what the displacements are in our structure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) is not a meaningful statement, so its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.","questions":"Which statement in the dialogue has a figurative meaning?","answer":"none"}
{"text":["Oh, God.","We figured there was a problem.","Long time ago. Listen, if functioning addicts are operating below the radar, I assume that they generally don't want people to know about their addiction. How much of a problem is it for them to maintain their anonymity?","It's frightening. I think that, you know, when you live in quiet desperation and there's always the person that's hiding their alcohol or around the corner drinking what they do, others, with their medications or their pills. They don't want other folks to find out. I mean, it's a quiet illness until finally people do notice. But there's fear around it. I mean, fear of being caught of fear of being tested or ultimately, when the body gives out, secondary complications where physicians will say what are you using, what are you doing for your organs to be giving out like this. So there's ultimately not only denial that's going on, but obviously, a lot of pain that goes with it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A and the others are aware of the problem.","questions":"What is the problem that PersonA and the others are aware of?","answer":"Addiction"}
{"text":["You know, it's interesting that you should say that because leasing was one of the ways you could get into a car without having to have a huge down payment. So now, if leasing is going to cost more, buying a car already costs more with regard to the down payment, it's going to be really tough for some people, isn't it?","It will be, and you know what it's going to put pressure on is the used-car market, because if you can't get a new one, you go get a used one. But if they have more demand for used ones, that's going to push up, too. So the entire - the love affair that America had with the automobile. . .","Coming to an end?","It may be a love affair that we have to look at again, you know, somebody cheated on somebody, I don't know who."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The increase in leasing and new car prices will lead to a rise in demand for used cars, which will increase their prices as well.","questions":"How will the rise in demand for used cars affect their prices?","answer":"Increase"}
{"text":["I want to ask you how important you think flavors are. Yesterday, the Trump administration announced that it would ban thousands of flavors used in e-cigarettes. How much of a difference do you think that would make in discouraging kids from vaping?","They're tackling it backwards. At the end of the day, put in age verification because otherwise, every teenager would be drinking beer and going to the liquor store four, five times a day. Put in age verification. Make sure - and keep those companies - and hold them accountable. But if you put in age verification as an adult product, that is all you need to do.","So how much business do you stand to lose once this ban on thousands of flavors goes into effect?","That remains to be seen. I don't know. And I don't think it will go into effect. I think, at the end of the day, cooler heads will prevail because what's going to happen is you have to have the understanding and the knowledge and have all the information available to you prior to making such a drastic statement and doing something that will ultimately drive most people back to cigarettes."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : No one is getting tackled. The people are trying to solve the problem the wrong way.","questions":"What are the people trying to solve the wrong way?","answer":"Problem."}
{"text":["But this radicalization on the Internet is something that the FBI has been talking about for years, and it hasn't been licked. And clearly, this is an example of that since we know that the older brother, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, spent a lot of time on the Internet, on jihadi websites.","And again, if he says anything to the investigators before he's Mirandized, that is nothing they can use in a case against him. However, given the mountain of evidence - including this video that's been described to you - they may not need it.","Well, it's funny because depending on which lawyer you talk to, they will disagree with your first supposition; which is, that it's not admissible if you evoke the public safety exception. In fact, part of the reason for the public safety exception, instead of just talking to somebody without Mirandizing them, is that some of that information may well be admissible. But in this case, this is a bit of a slam dunk. They have video on this young man, and he's going to have a hard time saying that he wasn't involved.","NPR counterterrorism correspondent Dina Temple-Raston, with us here in Studio 42 - our very first guest in Studio 42. Thanks very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The radicalization of people through activity on the internet has not been defeated yet.","questions":"What has the FBI been warning about for years?","answer":"Mirandize"}
{"text":["In terms of the treatment that you had, briefly tell us about it. What worked?What was it that helped you seemingly perhaps the most?","Well, I'd not like to be pompous and have an ego rush here. I think what happened to me is but for the grace of God, I've been able to move forward. And what has happened for me is I've been given some willingness, the willingness to follow directions, the willingness to own the fact that I have caused some very sincere emotional, physical, and spiritual damage to some other people, and then accept a way in which to address those things at the best of my ability. So, I think that the question seems to ask me, what have I done?And that is absolutely be willing to a different direction than the direction I was traveling in.","So, are you now providing treatment for others?And I don't mean that in a clinical sense, but support, help, understanding, perhaps?","I think, what I've been doing is what was so freely given to me, I've been free to give back to others.","You look happy. You're smiling. You look - you seem healthy. And as you look - this is my final question. As you look back on how you fell into the spiral and then how you spiraled out of it, do you recognize triggers now?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker attributes their recovery to divine intervention and a change in attitude.","questions":"How does the speaker explain their recovery?","answer":"Willingness"}
{"text":["We're in the last few weeks of the Supreme Court's current term, and justices still have loads of decisions to hand down - two dozen, to be precise. And some of those may come as soon as Monday. We'll bring in NPR's legal affairs correspondent Nina Totenberg. Nina, thanks so much for being with us.","My pleasure, as always, Scott.","Twenty-four cases in which there are no decision. I gather a dozen could be of particular interest. Which ones do you most anticipate?","Well, there are three big ones. The first is what I call the cross case. This is a giant cross on public property in Bladensburg, Md. It's a World War I war memorial. And civil libertarians have objected to it because they see the cross as a symbol of Christianity and that it ought to be on private property, maintained with private funds, not taxpayer money. We're going to see what the court does with that. My suspicion is that they're going to let the cross stand. And whatever they write probably will have a lot of impact on religious symbol cases in the future."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The court may allow the cross to remain on public property despite objections.","questions":"How do civil libertarians see the cross on public property in Bladensburg, Md?","answer":"Christianity"}
{"text":["Yeah.","And I thought it was important to bring that to them.","When you approach prison administrators and ask them to distribute this inside their facility, what has their reaction generally been?Is there resistance?","Well, initially from some there was. I mean, here is this guy. He was formerly incarcerated. He comes out in less than a year, and he wants to bring material back in. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The phrase \"here is this guy\" may imply that the speaker's background as a formerly incarcerated person could be a factor that some administrators may not be comfortable with. The speaker's use of the phrase \"initially from some there was\" implies that there may have been resistance from some prison administrators, but not necessarily all of them.","questions":"Which background of the speaker as a formerly incarcerated person may be a factor for some administrators?","answer":"formerly-incarcerated"}
{"text":["It's good to be here, Tony.","You know, you've been getting pretty hot under the collar about this issue, I understand. Why is it such a concern for you?","It's a concern for me because it's a misunderstanding that a lot of ex-convicts have. If you have a felony it has been in the past that often states do restrict or disenfranchise those who have a felony conviction. Those laws have changed over the years, and now in most states it's no longer the case, or there are means by which you can get your civil rights back. But a lot of people - a lot of ex-convicts or felons that I knew that ended up in my court system simply rested on the false notion that they did not have the ability to vote. And that ended and that kept them from further embracing or engaging in the community, and kept them separate, and apart, and not where they needed to be.","Is it a situation where an ex-felon is allowed - is entitled to have his or her voting rights restored, but the process by which those voting rights are restored is so cumbersome that they either don't know about it or they don't go through it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is reassuring to be accepted and welcomed here by Tony.","questions":"Which word describes how PersonA feels about being welcomed by Tony?","answer":"Reassuring"}
{"text":["No, there are hidden costs, of course. It's - basically what economists say is what you need to do is internalize the negative externalities, reveal those hidden costs. Make it so that at the meter, at the pump, we see the true cost.","Wouldn't the established energy companies go nuts?","It depends on who they are, of course. If it's a natural gas company or a company that has significant natural gas assets, they'd be excited about this if they thought it was going to be - really going to happen. That's our challenge at republicen. org, is convincing particularly some natural gas folks that really, this could happen, that the fossil fuels could become accountable. And, of course, when that happens, coal would fall much faster to the competitive pressure of natural gas. And the natural gas companies would make a lot more money off of their product. Is it the end-all?No, it isn't. Natural gas still has CO2 emissions. But it's 50 percent less emissions than coal. So that's an example of how fixing the economics would then fix the environmental consequence.","Mr.  Inglis, as you survey this field of Republican candidates for president, do you see and hear any who express your viewpoint on the climate change?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2): Implied meaning: Would the energy companies be opposed to this idea?","questions":"Which companies would be excited about this idea?","answer":"Natural-gas"}
{"text":["(Through interpreter) That's how it went. And that's, I think, why he's so afraid. I think that's why he's so afraid. And he's afraid that I just won't be with him.","When is your little boy's birthday?","(Through interpreter) The 8 of November.","OK.  My wife and I have a little girl whose birthday is November 2. And she will be 11 years old. And we sent her - I think she was about 3. We sent her to preschool because people said it was a good idea. And she hated it. So we stopped that after a few days. And now she's a straight-A student. And it's the best thing we ever did. She needed to be with her mother."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B and his wife stopped sending their daughter to preschool and it was the best decision for their daughter.","questions":"Which family member of PersonB's had a November birthday?","answer":"Daughter"}
{"text":["There's been such wild swings. You know, in 2014, we were here talking about a dreadful harvest in Italy that was mostly due to the olive oil fruit fly, which was a big problem following a warmer-than-usual winter. This year, it's a deep freeze. And among farmers in Italy, they feel like these extreme swings are happening more often. Experts that we talked to believe that climate change is a factor.","I don't know the Olive Oil Times.","(Laughter) Well, you should. It's the most read olive oil publication. You know, it seems niche, but there are 3 million people around the world who make - who work to make olive oil. It's a very important food, one of the healthiest products that the Earth provides us. And there's a lot to tell. It's also a cultural cornerstone for the Mediterranean region and the rest of us.","Curtis Cord, publisher of the Olive Oil Times, we'll be reading it. Thanks so much, Mr.  Cord."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Extreme weather swings are happening more often due to climate change","questions":"How are Italian farmers feeling about the frequency of extreme weather swings?","answer":"More"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","But - so in any event, do you really want to put yourself on the side of people that cut even 3 percent from the Meals on Wheels budget?","Well, from a political standpoint, you're right. But this is the problem for whatever the not-left-of-center crew is, now that it's gotten so diverse in the era of Trump is - who's going to talk about how it works?Back to repealing Obamacare, there is a method going forward that works. It involves using tax credits to let people shop. And their choices drive down prices and create more products that they want to buy. But no one's talk about that because you're trapped in this Trump gravitational conversational field.","Well, we'll have you back. We have to cut the conversation short. Michael Graham is podcast editor for The Weekly Standard."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Actual meaning: B is challenging A's position and implying that it is morally questionable. Literal meaning: B is asking A if they want to align themselves with people who cut 3 percent from the Meals on Wheels budget.","questions":"Which program experienced a budget cut according to PersonB's statement?","answer":"Meals"}
{"text":["I'm Tony Cox, and this is News & Notes. Ending a relationship is never easy. The person breaking up often tries to use words to soften the blow. I'm not ready to be in a committed relationship or it's not you, it's me. And the person being dumped is left trying to figure out just where things went wrong. A year ago, author Rachel Skerritt decided that she wanted to get to the bottom of all of her ex-boyfriends' vague explanations for ending their relationships. So, she called the men in her past and asked them to tell her exactly why they stopped wanting to be with her. Rachel joins me now. Welcome to News & Notes, Rachel.","Thanks, Tony.","Rachel, why in the world would you want to know this?","Well, I'm a tough cookie. I should say that first off, but I'm also a writer and the idea came to me after that whole \"He's Just Not That Into You\" phenomenon, the book not the movie. And a lot of my friends were reading it as if they had found, you know, the answers to everything. Oh, he's just not that into me, that explains it. But there was this whole missing why piece, why not. And as you said, guys seem trained to give these stock answers so as not to hurt feelings, but I really wanted the real deal. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Tough cookie is not literal. She is not a cookie. She is suggesting that she is strong enough to take criticism from others.","questions":"Which word describes how Rachel describes herself?","answer":"strong"}
{"text":["Right. So there's one where Kim Kardashian is posing against a pile of sand. She's undressed, very provocative. And then there's you, sort of similarly clad, reclining against gravel (laughter).","Yeah, on a dirt pile. Kim Kardashian on a dirt pile. That's the way people refer to that photo a lot.","Why do you think it's resonated so much?Why do you think people have enjoyed this so much?","Well, first and foremost, I look like an idiot in them, the other person doesn't. And it's not like I'm taking - I don't take paparazzi photos of people or I'll only take what they've posted themselves. And then I look silly in it. So the beginning of it is me looking stupid. And I think people like that. I think people like seeing people make fun of themselves - I do - and just not caring. I think it's nice to see on a platform like Instagram, where it's all about how things are staged. It's nice to see something that is so not."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In Turn (3), when B asks, \"Why do you think it's resonated so much? Why do you think people have enjoyed this so much?\" they are not asking about the actual vibrations or sounds that the photo has produced, but rather about why the photo has become so popular and well-liked.","questions":"What is PersonB asking about when they say \"Why do you think it's resonated so much?\"","answer":"Popularity"}
{"text":[". . . Exactly correct. And when it comes to hostages, there is a clear U. S.  policy. We do not pay ransom. We do not make concessions. When it comes to political prisoners, it's much more murky.","To your knowledge, was any money given to North Korea in association with the release of Otto Warmbier, however it's characterized?","Not that I'm aware. I would personally be surprised if the Trump administration actually paid that invoice. However, again, when we were negotiating and trying to put the framework together for the release of Otto Warmbier, we were coupling it with a bigger package of bringing back remains of U. S.  servicemen, of helping a little bit with flood-related areas in north North Korea, which was back then hit really hard - not to the North Korean government, but through humanitarian organizations. And that compiles this package of humanitarian interest, mutual humanitarian interest that - it's a bunch of gestures of goodwill that ends up getting with what you want.","What does this week's news tell us about how the Trump administration deals with these types of situations?Because the president likes to suggest that his techniques are very different from that of his predecessors."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The U.S. government has a policy of not paying ransom for hostages or making concessions for political prisoners.","questions":"What is the U.S. policy on paying ransom for hostages or making concessions for political prisoners?","answer":"Not-paying"}
{"text":["Well, it's really interesting. The word exoneration came to mind, but that's not quite right. I mean, you care if people don't believe you, but it wasn't my job to make people believe me. It was just my job to survive this and push a movement forward. But what I saw - that disgusting document that - you know, her email outlining how they were going to terrorize me. It was just as if, yes, this is exactly what's been happening to me.","And, of course, Lisa Bloom jumps out at many people because she had a reputation as a civil rights lawyer who represented women who had been assaulted or harassed. And she described that work in this memo to Harvey Weinstein. She said, quote, \"I feel equipped to help you against the Roses of the world because I have represented so many of them,\" unquote. What do you make of that?","It's vile. It's just - it's kind of the mark of a psychopath, and it's so cold. And you know what?Yeah, the Roses of this world - we get pushed around. And we get hurt, and we get disbelieved. And to have a woman involved in it let alone a woman who purports to be all about protecting women and protecting people who get abused by power is - it's egregious. It's disgusting. It's despicable, but it's also fitting for I think who she really is.","Well, she says - she has said in subsequent statements several things. No. 1, she says she made a mistake. No. 2, she says she did not understand the scope of the allegations against him, including assaults."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Lisa Bloom's name and simply herself, is very noticeable and memorable to a great many people.","questions":"Which name catches the attention of many people due to her work as a civil rights lawyer?","answer":"Lisa"}
{"text":["Earle Havens, Ph. D.  - although, of course we want to look into that now. And he's the head of the Department of Special Collections here at the George Peabody Library in Baltimore. The exhibit - what's the title again?","\"Fakes, Lies and Forgeries. \"","All right - runs through February 1. Thanks very much for being with us.","And thank you very much. This was a great pleasure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"This was a great pleasure\" - The literal meaning of the phrase would be that the speaker had a physically pleasurable experience, but the intended meaning is that the speaker enjoyed the conversation or interview.","questions":"What was the intended meaning of PersonA's statement?","answer":"Conversation"}
{"text":["Well, there is actually a pretty good and well-established hypothesis about what actually happened 1300 years ago. There was giant lake of fresh water that spilled into the North Atlantic - this was sort of leftover water from the last ice age - and all this water affected the ocean circulation in the North Atlantic and stopped a conveyor belt of both water and air that was bringing warm air up from the equatorial regions to higher latitudes. And that's been the leading hypothesis for what caused this event, which is called the Younger Dryas. And so, somehow or other, they would have to figure out how the comet impact\/collision event would fit in with this pretty well-established idea that there was this huge burst of fresh, cold water that went into the North Atlantic.","So, how will all this get sorted out?","Well, more data are needed, I think, is what scientists are fond of saying, and this is certainly a case where that is true.","NPR science correspondent, Richard Harris, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Scientists need more data to confirm their hypotheses.","questions":"Which event caused the Younger Dryas?","answer":"Comet"}
{"text":["Today's verdict concludes Hosni Mubarak's retrial. He'd been convicted and sentenced to life in prison in 2012. The verdict was overturned on appeal. In the courtroom today, people burst into cheers, but those who protested in his rule say this is a sign Egypt's revolution has been defeated. NPR's Leila Fadel joins us from Cairo. Thanks for being with us.","Thank you.","And what happened in the courtroom?","Well, basically, the judge dismissed the charges against Mubarak; charges of the killing of hundreds of protesters in 2011 who went to the streets to walk against his rule. He was acquitted on separate corruption charges. And he's expected to go free soon. He's currently serving time on a separate corruption case, and he was convicted of three years on that. His minister of interior, who was reviled for brutal police tactics, was also acquainted as were his deputies. And it left a lot of people asking, well, who is accountable for the more than 800 people that were killed in 2011."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"And he's expected to go free soon.\" - The literal meaning of this sentence is that Hosni Mubarak is expected to be released from prison soon. However, the implied meaning is that there is outrage and concern among some people about Mubarak being released after being acquitted of charges related to the killing of protesters during his rule, and that this could be seen as a sign that justice has not been served.","questions":"What is the concern about Hosni Mubarak's release?","answer":"being-released"}
{"text":["Well, I think he needs to do a lot of things. We first have to realize that we've got in the pipeline climate change, and we're committed to a few more degrees of warming, kind of, no matter what we do, so we have to have an adaptation strategy. How are we going to protect coast lines against intensified hurricanes?How we're going to deal with the increased fires in the West?What are we going to do with melting glaziers?","We've got to do that regardless of climate policy. To try to control emissions, we have to deal adaptation. The second thing is we have to use our energy more efficiently. We need building codes. So what we're going to have to do is to nationalize the kind of California activities where everybody has to participate and it's not just a random lottery of states values. Then finally, we have to help the brilliant American industry to be able to invent our way out of the problem through cheaper solar machines and better grids for wind machines. And we need incentives. We'll need loan guarantees.","I mean, if we can spend almost a trillion dollars bailing out some greedy people who messed up in an under-regulated environment, how about spending a tenth that much trying to produce green jobs, and at the same time, reduce our dependence on foreign oil and help the environment.","How do you think our current economic situation is going to affect efforts to curb global warming?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : We are already committed to climate change, so we need to focus on adapting to it.","questions":"How do we need to focus?","answer":"ADAPTING"}
{"text":["What would happen in a civil contempt is that you would basically be trying to hold the attorney general - get a court order that he was in contempt. And the court would have a hearing. And Justice Department would intervene, and they would fight the contempt citation. And then the court would have a ruling. And that's how the process kind of operates theoretically. What normally happens is the court does not like to step into executive legislative disputes, and they will urge both sides to try to accommodate one another. I think it would only be if the court determined that the Justice Department was really in bad faith would they then hold the attorney general in contempt.","Let me ask you this. If this matter does land in court, if litigation is actively pursued, that could take months. It could take years even. And if the goal is to get information from Attorney General William Barr, how is this an effective strategy?Pursuing a contempt case could result in a huge delay, right?","I think the reality is is that the rules of subpoenas right now as we're discussing in many ways work in favor of the executive for the exact reason that you are hinting at in your question, which is they can run the clock. They can probably run the clock on the enforcement question for months, if not years. And they might be able to even run it up to the next election.","Right. So if the White House intends to stonewall, do you think it's even a wise strategy on the part of the Democrats right now to be talking about contempt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Talking about contempt might not be a wise strategy for Democrats.","questions":"How might Democrats be strategizing in regards to the contempt case?","answer":"Strategy"}
{"text":["Absolutely. They may, you know, be with someone, or as they play cards with other decks of playing cards, people talk, you know?We all - we all kind of fill that space. And so hopefully maybe some information that they've heard could prove valuable in cases as we work towards resolution.","How many cold cases do you have there on the books in Colorado?",">>SIMKINS Here in Colorado we have nearly 1,600 cases total. And when we identify a cold case, we are calling any unresolved homicide that is more than three years from the commission of crime a cold case. We're also including any long-term missing person cases and any unidentified remains.","There are only 52 cards in a deck of cards. So how do you decide which case makes the deck?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is (4): \"There are only 52 cards in a deck of cards. So how do you decide which case makes the deck?\"  The speaker is using a metaphor to compare the limited number of cards in a deck to the limited number of cases that can be included in the deck of playing cards used by law enforcement to raise awareness about cold cases. The implied meaning is that there are many cold cases to choose from, but only a limited number can be featured in the deck","questions":"What is the metaphor used by the speaker to compare the limited number of cards in a deck to the limited number of cases that can be included in the deck of playing cards?","answer":"Limited-number"}
{"text":["That was a time that postwar era in India when you had a tremendous amount of aspiration for development in the air. Nehru was the first Prime Minister of independent India. And there was a sense in the air of the chance for a collective progress that many, many different kinds of people who came from different backgrounds could actually participate in, could share in. And I think the momentum of that time also swept my own grandparents up. Their condition was precarious.","The jacket that my grandfather was wearing was borrowed. The jewelry that my grandmother is wearing was costume jewelry. I think the prosperity that you see in that image is less about the wealth that they have in hand at that moment and more about that future horizon that they might feel is already coming within their reach.","What do you think your grandfather's story might tell us about today's India?","What I think is so interesting about looking at the life of someone like my grandfather over the course of nearly a century is that you see that there is a kind of ongoing momentum of change that exists throughout his life and that takes him and those alongside him in many different directions. That these patterns of change that we see now in India have been with us for some time and have had a lot to do with the kinds of aspirations that people like my grandparents as well as my own parents grew up with."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : What I think is so interesting about looking at the life of someone like my grandfather over the course of nearly a century is that you see that there is a kind of ongoing momentum of change that exists throughout his life and that takes him and those alongside him in many different directions - This implies that change is an ongoing process that people must adapt to if they want to move forward.","questions":"What does the ongoing momentum of change in someone like the PersonA's grandfather's life suggest about progress in India?","answer":"Progress"}
{"text":["Well, social networks and blogs have moved ahead of personal emailing among the most popular online activities. This is according to the Nielsen Company, which monitors consumer behavior. And they say time spent on these social networking sites is growing three times faster than the overall Internet rate. And they say over two thirds of the world's online population now visits social networking and blogging sites. But the issue now is how to fund these sites, right?","Mm hmm.","So, like Facebook, for example, has a huge audience, a growing audience but has very relatively little obvious advertising compared to a site like MySpace, which is cluttered with ads but have seen their audience flatten. So, it's a catch 22 for some of these sites.","Well, speaking of social networks, a hugely popular site, YouTube, is having issues overseas. Tell us about that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is a bad idea either way for the social media companies.","questions":"What is the dilemma social media companies face?","answer":"Advertising."}
{"text":["No, he's not. I mean, you know, these Democratic candidates, it's essentially partisanship that's slipping in. You have them pretty split amongst the general election overall - Bernie Sanders, not very well-liked overall - 55%. And President Trump himself, his approval rating is only 41%, among the highest he's had for strongly disapproving at 45%. And it looks like a lot of the economic worries over the summer are starting to take a bit of a toll on him.","So does that mean that people think - clearly they have issues with his policies. According to your poll, does it mean they think he's going to lose?","Actually, no, (laughter) that's kind of surprising here that most Americans or more Americans think he's going to win reelection than lose by a 46%-to-37% margin. You know, people have a mostly positive outlook on the economy, and that really is buoying him right now.","We also have a result from a special election in North Carolina that we need to talk about. This was for the House seat that was up for grabs. The Republican won, but the margin of victory was still pretty small. And this was someone President Trump had campaigned for. What should he and his reelection team take from this, if anything?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The positive outlook is giving him the support he needs to continue campaigning.","questions":"How is the positive outlook impacting his campaigning?","answer":"Buoying"}
{"text":["But he was like an incredible, incredible hero. And when I interviewed him, God, probably two months later, he had a stroke. A year later, he was dead. So these stores are like - I mean, they're disappearing every single day.","When you think about a story like that, where someone gave his all and didn't get a lot of credit for it, is that a theme that runs through the book?","It definitely runs through the World War II section. I mean, pretty much all the vets who served in World War II. I mean, I have a vet who was at Iwo Jima, another story you don't hear much about African-Americans serving there. Also a buffalo soldier I have who came home after, you know, fighting in Italy the worst of Hitler's troop. Comes home, the ship lands in Virginia, and the white people in the town turn their back on the black soldiers. They don't even want to look at them.","I mean, it was - they walked through the town, he said it was like they were convicts. People turned their backs on them. And he was with me at the Smithsonian. We had an event for some of these vets. And he cried when he talked about that. And everyone in the audience stood up and cheered for him. And it was 60 years later, but it was like he was coming home that day."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"they're disappearing every single day\" - This phrase is a metaphorical way of saying that the stories are being lost or forgotten over time, rather than literally disappearing every day.","questions":"Which word is used metaphorically in turn 0?","answer":"Disappearing"}
{"text":["And how did this start?","Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story. And then I would write the story. And then I would send it to him. And I'd give him a first line. And he would start a story. And he would send that back to me. And we did that. And so we decided that we'd open that up to the rest of the world.","How many stories do you typically get?","We run between 300 and 450 submissions in issue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker is describing the history of their literary magazine and how they started accepting submissions, the implied meaning is that the magazine has been successful and has been accepting submissions for a long time.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue implies that the literary magazine has been accepting submissions for a long time?","answer":"20"}
{"text":["There are probably two or three important things. One is I think it gives you an insight into the company and what they do with the data they gather. Now, Facebook say they don't sell data, but they certainly make money out of it. And I think one of the things that concerned us was whether some of the developers that work with Facebook get preferential access to data depending on how valuable that relationship is. I think there was something else, which is potentially an antitrust issue, which is the dominant position Facebook has I think allows it to pick winners on its platform. There are big questions about the way in which they use their power. The final thing I think which is I think particularly significant is are users giving informed consent when they give data to Facebook?","Mr.  Collins, why should anyone be worried about that?Is it just what you would expect a business to do, maximize the information it has and reward the most promising relationships?","I think we all understand with these sorts of social media tools they're free to use, but in some ways, you're giving your data to the company. The company makes money out of that by selling advertising. But the question is are we giving up far more data than we realize?And then what happens to that data when the company has it?And I think it's right that we have some say and some protection over how it's used.","Do you feel Facebook has been honest with you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Users should have more control over their data","questions":"What is the main concern of turn 2?","answer":"Control"}
{"text":["Well, it's unclear. But at least the Department of Health and Human Services is saying that the Affordable Care Act will stand as this works its way through courts. And the funny thing is today is the final day for. . .","Yes.",". . . Open enrollment for next year for people to get insurance. And on the website healthcare. gov, there's actually a banner that says, this decision doesn't change open enrollment for now.","What about political repercussions?","And that's a more complicated thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite the court case, people can still enroll for insurance","questions":"What is still available despite the court case?","answer":"Insurance"}
{"text":["Well, the highlight of the tour was going inside the number four reactor, where they're in the process of removing spent and unused fuel rods. And they were trying to show me and trying to show the public, first of all, that they've reinforced the whole structure against any further earthquakes or tsunamis, that they are safely removing the fuel rods that are in there, and that they are trying to block contaminated water from flowing from the mountains through the plant and into the Pacific.","Did you see the other reactors?","The crucial ones I could not go into, and reactors one through three suffered partial meltdowns. And as a result, there is so much radiation in there that they cannot send people in there to look. They have to use robots and remote cameras to try to find out what's going on. But they still don't know exactly how bad the damage is from those partial meltdowns. They're not going to start dealing with that part of the thing until 2020, and the whole process of shutting down the plant could take 30 or 40 years, by TEPCO's estimates.","And what problems have they been having just recently even in the clean-up?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This turn implies that the speaker is asking for more information about the tour.","questions":"How was the number four reactor reinforced?","answer":"Reinforced"}
{"text":["And he met a tragic end, I gather.","Yup. Much like Martin Luther King, he had his young life cut short by gunfire from a white assassin.","I don't understand how America doesn't know so much about him and why Philadelphia took so long to recognize him.","I think part of it is that in the decades after reconstruction, there was almost a big version of what we might now call a white backlash. America got into the birth of a nation era when that movie depicted Klansmen as heroes and black leaders of reconstruction as morons and sexual predators when in fact there's this whole rich history that lots of good historians have started to dig out in the last few decades of black political activists who even began their activism right at the tail end of slavery."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meanings of these turns are: (2) Martin Luther King was killed by a white assassin; (3) America doesn't understand or appreciate the contributions of black leaders during Reconstruction; (4) America's history of racism and white supremacy has been ignored or minimized for many decades.","questions":"Which Reconstruction era black political activists are mentioned by A?","answer":"black-political-activists"}
{"text":["So, I'm a little concern about that, especially with the amount of technology connections that they have made through this campaign, and the amount of donors that they've received through online mechanisms. So it's going to be interesting to see how this plays out. But, clearly somebody is going to want that data Farai. There's no way out that the Democratic. . .","Don't let Sascha get a hold of the mass email list. And you know, start asking for Christmas presents or something.","Let me tell you, somebody in the Democratic Party. . .","I'm glad you clarified that. Somebody in the Democratic Party is definitely saying, hmm, that's a gold mine of data sitting right there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A gold mine implies that the amount is a lot and it has value to the people that want it","questions":"How would you describe the data mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Valuable"}
{"text":["Not solely, no. And this is something that is commonly, I think, misunderstood. The cornerstone of the healing profession and the physician is the patient relationship. But psychiatry more than any other really has an imperative to maintain the primacy of the patient relationship, so medications were extraordinarily important; they were miraculous developments, but medications alone can't do it.","Yeah. Between fever cures and induced comas and drilling holes in the skull and lobotomies, psychiatry has done some painful things to people in the name of science over the years, hasn't it?","Well, that's the point. That's why it's the untold story. In order for us to genuinely make a case for why psychiatry is a medical discipline that deserves sort of equal footing and respect as other medical specialties, we needed to fess up in terms of what the past was. And so in order to do so, we needed to tell the unvarnished history of the field and then describe why things may not have been helpful and in some cases harmful then, but why that's different now. And nobody should avoid seeking treatment if they think they need it because of uncertainty or fear.","Dr.  Jeffrey Lieberman has written, with Ogi Ogas, a new book \"Shrinks: The Untold Story Of Psychiatry. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meaning of turn (2) is different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning refers to the painful methods that psychiatry has used in the past to cure people, the implicated meaning is that psychiatry has a history of questionable and even harmful practices, which have affected people's trust in the field.","questions":"What does the implied meaning of turn (2) suggest about psychiatry's history?","answer":"Questionable"}
{"text":["And what did Ben Bernanke say to you in terms of admitting that perhaps that was a mistake, or anything else?Did he say to you that he made any mistakes along the way?","Well, I think he did, you know - as I say, the sort of news in the article was that he did concede that the Fed and he had been slow to understand really what was going on with this subprime crisis. I mean, it's easy to be critical. A lot of people on Wall Street didn't understand it, either, a lot of people in the Treasury Department. In fact, it's very hard to find anybody at all who really understood the full scale of this, you know, going back six, twelve months.","There were people saying that there was going to be a housing, you know, a housing collapse. I'd even said that myself. But nobody really realized how intertwined the financial system was with the financial markets. And nobody realized that a drop in house prices would basically render much of the American financial system insolvent, which is what has happened.","John Cassidy is a staff writer at the New Yorker Magazine. His article on Ben Bernanke is in this week's issue. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : along the way means in this context throughout a period of time","questions":"What was the news mentioned in turn 1?","answer":"Concede"}
{"text":["At dusk tonight - the Belmont stakes, and an engaging chestnut named California Chrome has a chance to be the first horse to win the Triple Crown - a sweep of all three of the major thoroughbred races since 1978. We're honored now to be joined by Laura Hillenbrand. She's a horse rider by trade, of course she's author of the perpetual best-selling \"Seabiscuit. \"Laura, thanks so much for being with us.","I'm so happy to be here Scott.","What is there about the Belmont stakes that frustrates so many great four-legged athletes who've already won two big races?","They call it the test of their champion for a reason. It is a tricky race. It's run around the biggest track in the country so strategy is different. You have to move a different place. It's a race that requires a lot of the jockey.","The thing that makes it the hardest in terms of sweeping the whole Triple Crown is the horse that gets there with a chance to win it as California Chrome has. They've already competed in the Derby and the Preakness, which are two incredibly difficult races. And now, in the span of five weeks, they have to try the third one. And it's the hardest one of all, the longest one of all. It's really asking a huge amount of them. And that's why, in my whole racing fan life, I have never seen a horse sweep the Triple Crown. I've seen 12 horses go to the Belmont with a chance to win it, and all of them have failed.","California Chrome is called the people's horse, kind of like Seabiscuit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a chance to be the first horse to win the Triple Crown\" - This implies that California Chrome has the opportunity to achieve a rare and prestigious feat by winning all three major thoroughbred races, rather than simply having a possibility of winning.","questions":"What is the name of the horse with a chance to win the Triple Crown?","answer":"California"}
{"text":["(Reading) Dad, a devout fan of television shows like \"Gunsmoke\" and \"Bonanza,\" was disappointed when he discovered that cowboy hats were no longer in style. And he sadly stowed his first American purchase, a brown 10-gallon hat that he bought during a layover in Houston, in a suitcase and under his bed. Mom arrived in America expecting peace and love. She had fallen for the music of the Beatles and The Beach Boys as a high school student in Lagos while listening to the records that her businessman father brought back from his trips abroad. Though she had imagined a country where love conquered all, where black people and white people live together in peace and harmony, mom and dad arrived instead in a place where there were no other black people for miles around, a place dominated by a religion they never heard of before. But this was America, and they were in love.","(Reading) They moved into a small apartment in Ogden, Utah and started a family. I came first in 1981, and my brother followed in 1983. Dad attended his classes during the day while mom took care of us at home. Occasionally, she explored the city while pushing my brother and me along in a double stroller. Soon enough, we were all walking hand in hand.","The book is in many ways, though - I mean, it's set against this backdrop of this larger place where they're there, they fit in in some ways. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Mom and Dad's expectations for America were not met","questions":"How were Mom and Dad's expectations for America?","answer":"Unmet"}
{"text":["Well, I think I do have to wrestle with it as a personal crisis. I did have to wrestle with it. I had to just do what people do when they're kind of debilitated by panic attacks, which is figure out how to make them stop or at least somewhat subside.","No, I know you deal with it in a personal way, but it sounds like you're blaming, you know, George Bush for your problems.","Yeah (laughter). Well, in some ways I felt - at that time at least - that my problems were caused by George Bush. So, I mean, another thread of this book is that, you know, once I realized I wasn't going to cut it as a music major, I switched my major to Middle Eastern studies. And I took that very seriously. It was my plan to try to become a reporter in the Middle East. And I started to begin to learn Arabic. I spent years studying Islamic literature and art and religion.","And I left to go do my study abroad in Cairo, Egypt. And, of course, we started out that time, just as study abroad students do, learning the new currency, people in Egypt and then two weeks in, 9\/11 happened. And it completely changed obviously the course of everything. And a lot of Americans fled the Middle East at that point. You couldn't go back to the states because the airports were closed. But I stayed along with a small group of other American students, and I really thought that this was going to be so crucial to me and being a bridge of understanding between our country and that region."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to wrestle in this context means an event happened that is hard to get through","questions":"How did 9\/11 influence PersonA's study abroad experience in Egypt?","answer":"Changed"}
{"text":["So there you are standing in the checkout line, that one with a big sign above it that says express, 10 items or less. You notice the basket of the woman in front of you. You silently start tallying. OK, eight or nine items, fine. But wait, she has a six pack under her hand, and under her other arm is a bag of pretzels. And then she's going for that pack of gum. And you're fighting the urge to scream: You had no business in the express line.","If that's you, then John Trinkaus feels your pain. He decided that instead of complaining about it, though, he'd study it. Trinkaus researches not only the express line, but how many people stop at stop signs and the average wait at the doctor's office. My next guest is Marc Abrahams, editor and co-founder of the Annals of Improbable Research, and the founder and master of ceremonies for the Ig Nobel Prize. He'll explain the data details and why it's the simple things that count. He joins us from WBUR in Boston. Hi, Marc.","Hello, Flora.","Tell me - give me some other names of his studies, because they're all really funny."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The woman in front of you has more than 10 items but still stands in the express line, which is irritating.","questions":"How many items did the woman in front of \"A\" have in the express line?","answer":"Ten"}
{"text":["It was absolute - you're absolutely correct. Our time is out, but I'm going to ask you about this before I let you go. Talking about perfect performances, two people strolled in to New York's Madison Square Garden and lit up the Knicks back to back, Kobe Bryant 61 on one night and LeBron James, I think, it was 52 the next night and a triple double.","All I can say is thank god for the Knicks.","And, you know what?And the Knicks are even actually better than they were before and then they still let people come in there and just spank them like crazy.","That's what we do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : That's what we do implying they're proud members of Knicks","questions":"How does \"A\" identify themselves in relation to the Knicks?","answer":"Proud"}
{"text":["Now, when we look at this, what they're doing, there was a - you know, in some ways perhaps a minor incident, but a telling one where the British publication, the Telegraph, reported online that the G8 leaders enjoyed a six course lunch followed by an eight course dinner. African leaders were not invited and of course they're talking about the global hunger situation. There was a lot of static about that. Do you think that, that was symbolic in any way or just, you know, big time world business as usual?","Well, Farai now you're going to draw the cynical side out of me. This was an incredibly stupid, careless move, by the G8 leaders where they basically seemed to have thought off camera they could do whatever they wanted to. And they demonstrated, for all to see, the contempt actually that they have towards the rest of the world.","That they basically - they see themselves, as in effect, the rulers of this planet. So, when they're on camera there'll be the tears, there'll be the concern. Off camera you saw this hideous example of consumption.","What do you think the G8 leaders should be doing in terms of an Africa agenda?I'm going to get to a couple of specific things, specific national issues of Zimbabwe and Nigeria in a second."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The G8 leaders see themselves as rulers of the planet.","questions":"How do the G8 leaders see themselves?","answer":"Rulers"}
{"text":["From NPR News, this is Day to Day. The ethics problem at the Interior Department continues to unfold, specifically in the little-known but powerful Minerals Management Service. The Interior Department's watchdog reports that employees in that division accepted gifts, they steered government contracts to friends, and they had sexual relations with oil and gas-company representatives. Joining us now is John Dimsdale from Marketplace, and John, first, what is the Minerals Management Service?I hadn't heard of it until yesterday.","Well, it's responsible for collecting royalty revenues from companies that extract oil and other minerals from federal property. And last year, they collected 11 billion dollars from the oil and gas industry. So, it's a big source of revenue. In fact, sometimes Minerals Management is the second largest source of income for the federal government, second only to the IRS. And remember, this scandal comes just as Congress is debating whether to allow more oil drilling, especially on the Outer Continental Shelf under the ocean.","That's right. So, let's go into the details of this scandal. What did the Interior Department's inspector general find?","Well, this report makes it sound like a very dysfunctional place. It alleges cocaine and marijuana use, and even promiscuous sex between government employees and the industry that they oversee. The inspector general says the relationship between the industry and the revenue collectors is supposed to be at arm's length, but most of the oil-company people that investigators talked to said they bought meals or drinks, entertainment, for government employees."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the ethics problem at the Interior Department continues to unfold\" - figurative meaning: the situation is developing or becoming more complex, literal meaning: something is physically unfolding.","questions":"Which department is responsible for collecting royalty revenues from companies that extract oil and other minerals from federal property?","answer":"Interior"}
{"text":["Absolutely. In fact, Dr.  Landreth and his colleagues have replied to these four and said no, no, no, wait. I mean, while the general tenor is you've got four papers that didn't replicate our findings, there are elements of these papers that, in fact, do replicate their findings.","So, in particular, some of the behaviors improved in some of the animals that were tested in these other studies, and a particular form of the amyloid - the so-called soluble amyloid, or the oligomeric form of the amyloid - was in fact replicated in these other papers.","So Dr.  Landreth and colleagues are saying no, no, no. I mean, some features weren't, but in general, the basic premise was replicated.","Since that original study came out, did you have patients that actually came to specifically asking for this drug based on the reports they heard in the news?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : General tenor means that the basic idea is true but there is conflicting data.","questions":"Which feature was in fact replicated in the other papers mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Soluble"}
{"text":["We can say she grew up. She had a daughter of her own who became curious about family secrets kept from both her and her mother for decades. That daughter is Laura Cumming, and she's the author of \"Five Days Gone. \"She joins me now from London.","Laura Cumming, welcome.","Thank you.","Start with the kidnapping, which is absolutely central to the book you've written. It was not central to your mother's life. She was only 3. She had no memory of it. And she didn't even learn of it until she was well into middle age. Is that right?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The phrase \"central to the book you've written\" in this context does not literally mean that the book is physically located in the center, but rather that the kidnapping plays a major and important role in the narrative of the book. Similarly, the phrase \"well into middle age\" does not refer to a specific age range or point in time, but rather a general time period when someone is considered to be middle-aged.","questions":"How does the phrase \"central to the book you've written\" relate to Laura Cumming's book?","answer":"a"}
{"text":["How does the government even know that they might have overpaid?","Well, they have records going back that say, you know, you were eligible for X amount per month. And then maybe somebody in the family went back to work and got more in the way of earnings than they would have had to be eligible for those benefits. And so there was this debt sitting there on the account over all these years. But in many of these cases, the government can't even say who exactly incurred the debt. It might have been a surviving spouse. It might have been surviving children. All they know is that the debt is on the books. And apparently their regulations allow them to go after almost anyone in the surviving family without regard to whether they were the ones who got the benefits in the first place.","And they have no recourse?","Well, there's an appeals process, and you can seek a waiver. The folks I've spoken to, for the most part, when they call or visit Social Security, they're told, yeah, you can go through the waiver process, but you're not likely to win. The Social Security Administration tells me that about 10 percent do win their case, but that's 90 percent who don't. And of that 90 percent, some of them, it's just, you know, a few hundred dollars maybe, and they figure it's not worth the battle. In other cases, it's some thousands of dollars, and they really need the money. But very few lawyers will touch these cases because they are relatively small amounts of money involved."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"you know\" is used as a filler phrase and does not add any literal meaning to the sentence","questions":"Which filler phrase does turn 1 use that does not add any literal meaning to the sentence?","answer":"You-know"}
{"text":["You do feel a special connection with Chopin, don't you?","Actually, I do. Many things have happened to me. I don't like the word paranormal. I like the word the unknown normal because that's what it really is.","So it's extraordinary that you should discover two different versions of a Chopin waltz that was previously unknown.","I agree. I was shocked - really shocked - when I found them. And then many things happened to me with Chopin through my life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Actually, I do. Many things have happened to me. I don't like the word paranormal. I like the word the unknown normal because that's what it really is.  In this turn, the speaker is not talking about feeling a special connection with Chopin, which is the literal meaning. Instead, they are talking about their experiences with the unknown or unexplained, and their preference for the term \"unknown normal\" instead of \"paranormal\".","questions":"Which term does the speaker prefer to use instead of \"paranormal\"?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["Well, it's unclear. But at least the Department of Health and Human Services is saying that the Affordable Care Act will stand as this works its way through courts. And the funny thing is today is the final day for. . .","Yes.",". . . Open enrollment for next year for people to get insurance. And on the website healthcare. gov, there's actually a banner that says, this decision doesn't change open enrollment for now.","What about political repercussions?","And that's a more complicated thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Affordable Care Act will remain in place despite the uncertainty surrounding it.","questions":"Which act will remain in place despite uncertainty?","answer":"Affordable"}
{"text":["Yes.","Do you consider the experiment a success, and should it be replicated?","I do consider it a success because they did not get in trouble again. The essays that they wrote - at least the one that the defense attorney made available to us - the student wrote that he understood. So to me, it worked. And my hope, my dream, my goal would be that this is not an unusual disposition that causes people to write about it in the newspaper or for me to be interviewed. I would love for this to be a standard disposition all over the place.","Alex Rueda, the deputy commonwealth attorney for Virginia, thank you very much.","Oh, my pleasure."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The person did not get pleasure from it but is simply being polite.","questions":"Which feeling did the person have when they said \"Oh, my pleasure\" in turn 4?","answer":"Polite"}
{"text":["Well, self-employed people are often other people's discretionary spending. In other words, if I'm cutting back, and I had a trainer who was coming to my house three times a week, maybe now she's coming in twice or once. That hits her bottom line. So we know that, essentially, self-employed people, if they're discretionary spending, are going to be on the front line.","The message for them is to diversify your portfolio to make sure that now, if you're counting on one person, let's get three lined up. Let's be more flexible. Let's deal with issues about how you might provide different kinds of payment schedules and other kinds of things.","But self-employed people, whether they're personal services, which we've just talked about, whether they're business services, the people who do the graphics artwork, who do the editing and other things, they're going to have to dance on a dime. Because, basically, when people start cutting budgets they're the easiest ones to cut.","Now if you're self-employed - and there are many people who have started, you know, any number of businesses - if you're self-employed, either like you said, doing personal services or running a small business with other employees who work for you, what can you do to sure yourself up financially?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Self-employed people must be adaptable in budget cuts","questions":"How should self-employed people respond to budget cuts?","answer":"Diversify"}
{"text":["What would be a - and forgive the pun - what would be the holy grail for an Indiana Jones like you?What would be the ultimate?","Well, that would be to go right back to the beginning, you know, to do like a dino brew, you know, sort of a Garden of Eden type of beverage, I guess. And unfortunately in the Paleolithic period, the containers get destroyed. They were probably made out of leather, wood or whatever. So we don't have remnants of any containers from the Paleolithic period.","And that's important because once you have a container like pottery, made of pottery, the liquids get absorbed into that, and it helps to retain the ancient organic materials until the biomolecular archeologists like us comes along thousands of years later.","Do you have any bets of where the cradle of civilization for wine and beer originates?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Garden of Eden and Dino brew are not literal; it implies that they'd find something really old that dates back to the beginning of an era we have knowledge of.","questions":"What does the turn about Garden of Eden and Dino brew imply?","answer":"Old"}
{"text":["Before there was \"Gangnam Style,\" the dress or the ice bucket challenge, there were other stories that raced around the country. In the 19th century, newspapers throughout the U. S.  were kind of early aggregators. They just helped themselves to each other's stories, so if something juicy turned up in Boston, it would soon find its way into print in Chicago or Kansas City. That's the finding of researchers at Northeastern University. They used computers to search through those old publications for stories that went - sorry, can't avoid saying it - viral. Ryan Cordell is one of those researchers. He joins from the studios of WBUR in Boston. Thanks for being with us.","I'm glad to be here.","What is the 19th century equivalent of a cat perching on the toilet?","Well, we found quite a few of them; a lot of household hints and stories. One of my favorites is a story that purports to be a young man in church who is wooing a young lady by circling passages in the Bible and handing them to her and that they're married a year later as the story says at the end."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is asking what type of story was popular in the 19th century that could be compared to a modern day internet meme. The implied meaning is asking what was popular or trendy in the 19th century.","questions":"Which question does PersonB ask PersonA that leads to a comparison between a 19th-century trend and a modern-day internet meme?","answer":"Thank"}
{"text":["Honestly, much to my mother's chagrin, I think I would like to come back to the Middle East and continue to cover a lot of the developments here, maybe Afghanistan, continue to cover a lot of our diplomatic efforts abroad.","I think that the next four to eight years of the Obama administration are going to be incredibly interesting, with a lot of the diplomatic efforts to just to try to put a lot of the things back together. Certainly, what's going on now in the Gaza Strip is incredibly interesting, as well. So I think, once I learn the business and learn a lot of skills, I'd love to go abroad as a foreign correspondent someday.","Army Captain Nate Rawlings with the First Brigade Combat Team of the 4th Infantry Division joining us from Baghdad. And it's been great speaking with you. Have a great new year.","Thank you. Happy New Year to you, too."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A wants to continue covering developments in the Middle East despite mother's disapproval","questions":"What is the reason for PersonA's mother's chagrin?","answer":"Coverage"}
{"text":["I think, in essence, it's just because of what might happen if this ruling stands - court challenges, that Mexico will see a huge increase in asylum-seekers. And it's just something they aren't prepared to do. Look. Detention facilities in the southern border are overcrowded. They're dirty. They're ill-equipped for such large numbers now. And shelters are the same, they're at overcapacity at the southern and the northern Mexican borders.","So describe the system that is in place. I mean, Mexico must have some resources in place to handle the existing flow of asylum-seekers.","Yes, it has a Refugee Assistance Commission. It's called COMAR. And Mexico has a long history of accepting refugees. It was one of the biggest countries to take in Jews during the Holocaust. It took in the Spanish during their civil war, Guatemalan refugees during that country's long civil war. So it has always dealt with refugees. But the agency is overwhelmed. The numbers now coming into Mexico are huge.","For the first eight months this year, nearly 50,000 migrants have received refugee status or protection. That's almost a 70% increase over the same time last year. And Mexico's acceptance rate is pretty high too in some categories. You know, to get refugee protection asylum in Mexico, the bar is a lot lower than it is in the U. S. But Venezuelans are almost - get - 100% of the time they receive asylum, Guatemalans not so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There is no bar but it does mean that the requirements in Mexico are lower.","questions":"Which category of migrants tend to receive asylum almost 100% of the time in Mexico?","answer":"Venezuelans"}
{"text":["Well, they have these antifreeze proteins, and as far as we know, what they do is bind to the surface of any seed ice crystal that might otherwise grow. And they stop it from growing because they've coated the ice with the protein.","Because it's the crystal, the actual, physical presence of the crystal that kills off the cells?","Well yes, that ice crystal gets too big. It will definitely do serious damage to the organism, whether it be a fish or an insect. It will eventually kill it, yeah.","So the protein coats the ice crystal and sort of locks it up from freezing or becoming larger?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The protein locks it up means it stops the ice crystal from freezing or getting larger.","questions":"Which protein stops the ice crystal from growing?","answer":"antifreeze"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Good morning.","Thank you for having me.","Do you still feel a wall wouldn't be effective?","Absolutely. No. I mean, again - and I've said this before - a wall is definitely not going to be statistically significant. And the current existing wall, in fact, has had many issues. In reference to breaching the wall, I know some of the reports out had, existing walls have been breached thousands of times. And again, going back to the price tag that is going to cost the American taxpayer - it's just an incredible amount of money that's just going to be wasted."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A opposes a wall due to its inefficiency and cost","questions":"What is PersonA's reason for opposing a wall?","answer":"Cost"}
{"text":["I think it's very important for people to unplug. Setting aside the whole question and dangers of addiction, let's assume you're not somebody who is addicted, but you are still constantly plugged in. The downsides are likely to be, first of all, no time to think, no time to just reflect on what you feel, what you think, what you've been experiencing. And wisdom really comes to us through the process of reflecting on our experience and our feelings and thoughts. So, I think people are in danger of not being able to become wise if they don't take time to think.","Plus there is this huge factor of engagement with other people. We are we're social animals. We need to be connected. There's something called limbic resonance, which is kind of an energetic resonance that gets set up between two people when they are engaged in a positive and constructive way with each other and they are able to develop the relationship. And we know that when people do not have enough of that engagement with each other, they suffer depression and they suffer in other ways. So, getting unplugged allows you to get reengaged with real people in your life that matter to you.","Let's talk a little bit about how online addiction can work in tandem with other addictions. I'm thinking about gambling. There's now all sorts of online gambling. There's also pornography.","Right."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Constantly being plugged in prevents people from becoming wise","questions":"How does being constantly plugged in affect wisdom?","answer":"Prevents"}
{"text":["Help us understand. Just how good were the Lightning before this collapse?","Oh, quite good. They had 62 wins in the regular season. That tied the all-time NHL record for wins in a season. This was a team that was doing historic things in the regular season. Consider this. Thirty of their 62 victories were by three goals or more. So every time they stepped on the ice, they weren't just winning. They were blowing away their opponents.","So it's safe to say any sane hockey analyst (laughter) basically would have said that the Lightning was going to win the series, right?So what happened?","(Laughter) Well, I think Lightning defenseman Ryan McDonagh put it best. Everything that they did so well in the regular season, the Columbus Blue Jackets did it better in this series. But the bigger picture is this for the Lightning. They clinched a playoff spot in early March. They've been on cruise control for months. The Columbus Blue Jackets had to win seven of their last eight games just to get into the playoffs. So when push came to shove and adversity hit in the series, the Lightning had a bad six days compared to a great 82 games in the regular season, and then they were swept."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"cruise control\" in line 4 - The phrase \"cruise control\" is being used figuratively here to suggest that the Tampa Bay Lightning had an easy and comfortable ride during the regular season, rather than a literal reference to a car's cruise control system.","questions":"How was the Tampa Bay Lightning's regular season described metaphorically?","answer":"Easy"}
{"text":["Just market access, kind of where the Chinese government was trying to protect the early start-up of industries in China. And I think now the economy's grown enough that this - many of these things could be opened up again and access could increase for American businesses. It's also information technology, being able to make sure you can move information across boundaries, things like that.","OK. I'm hearing you - I'm hearing a wish list on what you want China to do. But is there anything you want to see from this administration that would help things out for Cummins?","Most importantly for me, I want to see engagement. I think that U. S.  businesses do very well whenever there is any access to foreign markets. We can succeed in markets when we have a chance to compete. And that's really what we want to see with every economy around the world. We'd like to see that with the USMCA, too - the Mexico-Canada agreement, too. We'd like to see that signed and completed. We'd like to see more free trade agreements with other countries.","Have you raised any of these concerns directly with the White House?I know that you sit on the Business Roundtable, which is this pretty powerful organization made up of prominent CEOs like yourself."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : U.S. businesses perform well when there's access to foreign markets and a chance to compete. More free trade agreements with other countries are wanted.","questions":"What is the main factor that leads to the success of U.S. businesses in foreign markets?","answer":"access"}
{"text":["Wow, is this the same thing that happened a couple of years ago, or am I just imagining this?","Now, we've had actually more stratospheric warming events in the past decade than we generally have in the past. This is somewhat of a new science, we've only been able to study the stratosphere since the '50s. So we don't really have any statistically significant time periods to be looking at. But we are seeing that these are occurring now almost every year. We're seeing them about every two years in the past. Now we're seeing them almost every year for the past decade.","And so this is becoming a more common event. So I'm not exactly sure what timeline you were looking at, but we did have a stratospheric warming event in 2011.","Yeah, is there some event that actually triggers this to happen?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : No, this is not the same thing that happened a couple of years ago. It might be similar, but it is not the same.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the frequency of stratospheric warming events in recent years?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["One person called them old guard reactionaries who are grabbling for crumbs from the table. Another called them seat warmer saying they have nothing new to offer. And that led to a larger conversation about Obama's support among blacks where black folks stand on the Democratic Party.","And we are in good old Black History Month now. Of course, we are black 365 days a year.","That's right.","But from what I've read on our blog, not everybody thinks the black history month is a good idea."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : One person called them old guard reactionaries who are grabbing for crumbs from the table. Another called them seat warmers saying they have nothing new to offer. (The literal meanings of these phrases would be people who are physically grabbing crumbs or occupying seats to keep them warm. The actual meanings refer to political figures who are criticized for being outdated or unoriginal.)","questions":"How were the political figures criticized?","answer":"Outdated"}
{"text":["And, of course, we have bioenergy here, too, and the debates about things like corn ethanol. That's another big contentious issue here in the Midwest. And one where, again, middle grounds might have to be found between groups that are in very different poles on that issue.","And what do you think is the most promising - again, the symbolic areas, those are always going to be difficult. But are there other conversations that could be had that, as you say, skirt the ideology?","Well, it's very interesting. Regardless of, you know, how you think of him politically, the Obama administration has actually done more, may be by accident - or may be on purpose - to think about, to take on climate change than all previous administrations, really, combined. Our CO2 emissions in the United States have gone down pretty dramatically in the last few years, partly because of the recession, of course, but partly because people are retooling and getting more efficient.","The American car fleet is getting lot more efficient. We finally got those CAFE standards going up again, which is fantastic, after about 30 years of going nowhere. And maybe that's a benefit of bailing out Detroit. We could work with them to make cars more efficient, the cars Americans want to buy. We've also - the fracking, moving away from coals, where it's natural gas, has helped a lot, although we have to watch the other aspects of fracking. And also, renewables are beginning to make a bigger and bigger dent in the American electricity supply and other energy supplies."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Different groups have opposing views on corn ethanol","questions":"Which bioenergy source is being debated in the Midwest according to turn 0?","answer":"Ethanol"}
{"text":["I don't know many, but I know they exist - the person that doesn't really want fiction. They want nonfiction. They want something smart to read. I'm thinking more along the lines of, like, Ron Chernow's \"Hamilton\" that everybody became obsessed with, that read like fiction but was actually the book that's going to impress people that you read this summer.","That's right. There's literally a picture of Lin-Manuel Miranda on the beach reading that, but it's an old. . .","(Laughter).","In any case, yes. So there's a wonderful book that I think actually kind of brings together a lot of our - of our genres. And it's called \"Murder By The Book. \"It's by Claire Harman. And it's about a murder in Victorian London in which a minor aristocrat is murdered by his valet. Now, it actually does sound like fiction, right?It's nonfiction. But what's so wonderful about it is this guy's defense was that he had read a popular novel, and the book made me do it, which is kind of a wonderful thing if you think about what fiction can do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Not \"everybody\" was obsessed with Chernow's book. This is an exaggeration, but is meant to convey that the book was popular.","questions":"What book does PersonA mention that brings together different genres and is about a murder in Victorian London?","answer":"Murder"}
{"text":["No, I'm glad to include them. Is it possible Italy will leave the eurozone, or is that just talk?","It's just talk. It's impossible. Do you remember the Eagles?This one I'm not getting that wrong because the Eagles is as important - \"Hotel California. \"","Sure.","You can always check out, but you can never leave. That's it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : You can never truly escape the influence of the Eagles' music","questions":"What band's music has an everlasting impact according to turn 3?","answer":"Eagles"}
{"text":["Does an event like this and forecast like that have the effect of concentrating the mind of not just financial planners. . .",". . . but people in Congress making these decisions. And I hear a little laugh.","You would think it would. And in the past, it has. I mean, as they gotten closer to the deadline, enough fear spread that they could pass something or do something or kick the can or whatever. But this time, one of the things that makes this time feel different is that there really are a lot of House Republicans who say, ah, let it default. It'll just shrink the government, will be all good. And it is an act of - I don't even know how to describe it. It's insanity.","Yeah. Well, Austan Goolsbee, I believe, used that word. Quick last question, if we could. So, October 17th is a real deadline but you think some of the effects, potentially, will be down the road."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3).  In turn (3), the speaker acknowledges that in the past, fear of a deadline has spread enough for Congress to take action. However, this time feels different because there are House Republicans who believe that defaulting on the debt would shrink the government and be a good thing. The speaker goes on to describe this as an act of insanity. The implied meaning is that the speaker believes that defaulting on the debt would not be a good thing, and that it is not a sane or rational course of action. This is different from the literal meaning, which is that some House Republicans believe that defaulting on the debt would be a good thing.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the House Republicans' belief about defaulting on the debt?","answer":"Insanity"}
{"text":["Yes.",". . . He did in a helicopter crash in 2005. A lot of people loved John Garang, a lot of people didn't. Do you have to worry about that when you design currency?","Absolutely. And in my visit there, he was universally respected, if not loved. He was really the only national hero they could agree to. So he actually appears on all denominations of the money. So he's the only really unifying hero of South Sudan.","What about other symbols that you have to include?","So there's the flag. The flag is a carryover from the People's Liberation Army, so that was an easy symbol. So it's a six color flag that people really used during the second civil war, and it's a natural rallying point. So that's their symbol. And when you're a new nation, you're defining your sort of, like, territory. So this, like, updating of signs was really a big deal, so they made banners and they made these sort of, like, 10 signs to say South Sudan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone and word choice suggest that they may be withholding information or expressing something indirectly, potentially due to fear of judgement or repercussions.","questions":"What is the PersonA's tone and word choice suggesting in turn 1?","answer":"Withholding"}
{"text":["In this piece, you write about a man named Jim Eggers, and he has bipolar disorder with psychotic tendencies. Could you tell us about his service animal?Her name is Sadie.","Yeah, Sadie is an African Grey parrot. So she's a pretty small parrot. And she rides around on his back in a backpack, a bright purple backpack, that he's had built around a cage. So, she's in a cage on his back, and he's pretty severely bipolar, and he has these psychotic tendencies, and he is often threatening to attack people or actually attacked people in past. And what Sadie does is she rides around his back, and she can actually sense when he's starting to get upset before he realizes it's even happening. And she'll say, it's OK, Jim. Calm down, Jim. I'm here, Jim. You're all right, Jim. And she'll just do this in a loop, and she'll talk him down.","According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, service animals are allowed to go wherever there are human owners are, but as you write, that's been causing some problems. What's been happening there?","People are just used to dogs. They don't associate parrots, horses, monkeys, ferrets, you know, ducks, goats with service animals. So, I think the reaction of a lot of business owners and the general public is often one of suspicion that you're sort of making it up."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Sadie is not just a pet but a service animal for Jim's bipolar disorder","questions":"What kind of animal is Sadie?","answer":"Parrot"}
{"text":["Joel Rising has surely had this experience. Many frequent travelers have, a screaming baby on the airplane. But what's that baby doing there anyway?Is it safe for infants to fly?Doctor Sydney Spiesel is a pediatrician and a professor at Yale Medical School, as well as a contributor to slate. com. And when we spoke earlier, I asked him if a new study out on this topic had any answers.","What the study says is, if you have normal kids, yes, you know, when you're flying, the air pressure goes down in a plane. It's as if we were walking around the top of a mountain that's maybe 5,000 feet.","The amount of oxygen that's available for absorption is about three quarters because of the lower pressures. About three quarters of that - of the same amount as sea level. And young children we know don't do quite as well with lower oxygen levels as older. But, in fact, millions of kids fly, and they really fly quite well without problems.","And no problems for their ears?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the literal meaning of \"young children don't do quite as well with lower oxygen levels as older\" suggests that younger children may struggle with the lower oxygen levels on a plane more than older children. However, the actual meaning is that younger children may not tolerate lower oxygen levels as well as older children or adults, but millions of children do fly safely without problems.","questions":"How do younger children tolerate lower oxygen levels on a plane?","answer":"Safely"}
{"text":["Yes, yes indeed, yeah.","Where are they now?","They're blue-collar, and many of them remain Democrats, although when the national election comes, many of them outside of Allegheny County do start voting Republican. Part of the reason is that this is an older state, and for pensioners, unless the economy is really going haywire and frightening them about the condition of their pensions and the future of their Social Security, they are going to worry less about breadbasket issues than they're going to worry about the social flashpoint issues.","And out here, Democrats, and we're talking about liberals, Democrats are pro-Second Amendment. They're pro-life. They are very religious. They're socially conservative. Gay marriage simply confounds them as a theory. In other words, we're talking about a place where the liberals have guns.","And so, where are those liberals going?Are they going to Obama or McCain?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Liberals in this area hold conservative beliefs and values.","questions":"How do liberals in this area view gay marriage?","answer":"Confusing"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News & Notes. It seems that wherever the Olympics go, politics follow. And the 1960 summer Olympics in Rome brought all sorts of culture clashes to the fore. Journalist David Maraniss has written the book \"Rome 1960: The Olympics That Changed the World. \"David, welcome.","Thanks Farai. Great to be with you.","So this was the first nationally televised Olympics. And several African countries were fighting for independence, but no black African had won a gold medal thus far in the Olympics. That was about to change dramatically. So tell us about who changed that.","Who changed that was Abebe Bikila, a marathoner from Ethiopia. You're right, there had been no black African gold medalists before him. The summer of 1960 was a summer of enormous transformation in Africa. Fourteen nations got their independence that summer, throwing off the yoke of colonialism. And Abebe Bikila from Ethiopia sort of is the first of the great African runners."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Abebe Bikila is the first of the great African runners","questions":"How is Abebe Bikila described in the dialogue?","answer":"Marathoner"}
{"text":["What is - let's start with this. What is your personal collection to the work and the images in this book?","Well, to me this was a labor of love. I've been living in the U. S. I came back to England. It's my homeland. I came back to London, my home city, and I felt that the culture of the young black people in particular here were suffering from a kind of deficit, historically speaking.","There were younger people in my neighborhood who were bereft of history, who took their idea of themselves from watching their kind of generic hip-hop video material that they got from the video screen rather than really inquiring into the particular history and experience of our communities in this country.","As I looked at the book, I was trying to find a theme, and I don't know if I found one or not. What was, in your view, the major trends or themes that you saw unfolding over the century that are depicted in these photographs?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : None of the words in turn (4) have a different meaning from their literal meanings.","questions":"What is the meaning of the words in turn 4?","answer":"Literal"}
{"text":["We also heard singer-songwriter Ben Harper on that track. He wrote most of the songs on this album. He produced it. How did you two meet?Why do you think you clicked with him?","Well, Ben had written me a song for one of my other albums - \"Livin' On A High Note. \"And that song was \"Love And Trust\"","(Singing) Do what you can. Do what you must. Everybody's trying to find some love and trust. I walk the line. I walk it for us. See me out here trying to find some love and trust.","I fell so in love with that song. And every time we'd sing it, the audience - they would just roar, you know. It turned out so well. So I - we'd been singing it for a couple of years then. I ran into Ben on the road. That's where we would always meet up - somewhere on the road. And I told him. I said, Ben, that song - you have got to write me another song. He said, well, Mavis, why don't I write you 11 songs?I said, why don't you do that?He said, let's make an album. I said, sounds good to me. You know, I said, I don't know if I could handle 11 good songs from Ben Harper. He said, oh, yeah, you can handle it, Mavis."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  A asks Ben Harper to write another song for her and he ends up writing 11 songs for her album.","questions":"Which song did the audience roar when PersonA and Ben Harper sang it?","answer":"LoveandTrust"}
{"text":["It's the most remarkable story of evil coming out of Russia that I've seen in a long time. And what it shows is that they're not just messing with the election in the United States or doping in the Olympics. But they've got their tentacles into just about everything everywhere. This is one story that shows that.","I have to ask you, Mr.  Browder, there are plenty of people - and we hear from them - who are skeptical about Russia being seen at the center of so many allegations. And they say the U. S.  and the West are just crawling back into a destructive Cold War mentality. How do you answer that?","Well, I mean, Russia was responsible for shooting down MH17. Russia was responsible for invading Ukraine. Russia is responsible for taking away the chemical weapons in Syria that they didn't take away. Russia was responsible for having honest athletes in the Olympics when they did the whole doping program. I mean, Russia is the one who is making the trouble. Russia is really a sort of a nonentity when it comes to - the economy is the size of the state of New York. Their military budget is 5 percent of the U. S.  military budget. We shouldn't even be thinking about Russia other than the fact that they're sort of putting their nose into every bit of terrible activity all over the world.","Quick question - but it's important to get along, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Russia's actions in shooting down MH17, invading Ukraine, not complying with chemical weapons removal in Syria, and doping in the Olympics show their troublesome behavior globally.","questions":"Which country's actions are described as troublesome in the dialogue?","answer":"Russia"}
{"text":["Yes. The big topic, of course, is what he'll say about the president's unfounded claims that Barack Obama wiretapped his phones. He has also accused British intelligence of wiretapping his phones on behalf of Barack Obama. There's been no evidence produced for those claims. The British have pushed back against them strongly. People on the Hill say they have not seen any evidence of this, and Comey will be asked about that first and foremost.","OK.  And over at the Senate, the first hearings for President Trump's nomination for the Supreme Court - what kind of reception is he going to get?","Well, that's going to be the big event of the week. Neil Gorsuch, who has been nominated by Donald Trump, is going to be asked a lot of questions about his views on executive power, about Donald Trump's comments disparaging judges and the entire court system. This is one of Donald Trump's most important early initiatives. The Republicans have 52 votes in the Senate. They say if they have to change the rules so they won't need 60 to confirm him, they will do that. So it's going to be very, very hard for the Democrats to stop him. But this is just the first of many, many judicial vacancies that Donald Trump will have the opportunity to fill because of the age of judges on the bench right now and the number of vacancies.","And something else we're looking at, obviously, is what's happening on Thursday - a much anticipated vote in the House. They're voting on the repeal-and-replace legislation for Obamacare. Does Speaker Ryan have the votes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B: \"Does Speaker Ryan have the votes?\" - This question is not asking whether Speaker Ryan possesses physical votes but rather whether he has enough support from fellow lawmakers to pass the legislation.","questions":"Which question is PersonB asking about the voting of a much-anticipated legislation in the House?","answer":"Thursday"}
{"text":["Yes.","What's your view of the impact of this money arms race on American democracy?","Well, nowadays, people don't - not several million dollars, but several hundred million dollars. And the Supreme Court's ruling on Citizens United is one of the stupid and most counterproductive decisions that the Supreme Court of the United States has ever made. And I think it has basically taken away a lot of the Democrat ideals of elections in the United States that we've enjoyed down through the previous generations. So I think it's completely distorted the democratic purity or legitimacy of our elections in the United States.","Legitimacy - that's strong words."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"money arms race\" implies that the competitive spending of large amounts of money in political campaigns, particularly by wealthy individuals and corporations may have negative consequences for American democracy.","questions":"How does the \"money arms race\" impact American democracy?","answer":"Distorted"}
{"text":["Yeah. And the Curia is the administrative. . .","The Curia is basically the civil servants, the bureaucrats. Although, this weekend we do see that he has replaced Cardinal Muller, who was the prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.","Can you tell us what that is for people who may not know?","The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith deals with discipline within the church and doctrinal matters. But it also handles all cases of abuse and the disciplining of perpetrators of abuse, et cetera. So they are very much involved in actual cases of abuse that are brought to the church."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"The Curia is basically the civil servants, the bureaucrats.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that the Curia is a group of civil servants or bureaucrats. However, the actual meaning is that the Curia is the administrative body of the Catholic Church, which includes the civil servants and bureaucrats but also includes the Pope and other high-ranking officials.","questions":"How is the Curia defined beyond civil servants and bureaucrats?","answer":"Administrative"}
{"text":["Well, you know, this is having a lot of different effects. So you know, some of the students have been expelled. Their admissions have been revoked. Some of the coaches have been fired. They face charges - athletic coaches who were involved in misrepresenting people as being recruits. And of course the legal cases are going to continue to unfold.","But I'm also interested in how it's unfolding in the broader culture at large. You know, whether you look at things like - we had a big debate last year about Harvard and affirmative action. And these conversations about things like legacy admissions are really bringing us to a broader conversation about, what do these elite colleges really offer?You know, the fact that they have nonprofit status - are they really serving the public, or are they just acting in a way that's really inflating their own bottom line and their own brands?","And so I think there's a broader conversation about, are there better ways to have admissions?And can we define excellence in education some other way other than, you know, something that's really expensive and only lets in about 5 percent of people who get to apply?","And for all that conversation, just in our last 30 seconds or so, do you see signs of systemic change coming?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implication of this turn is that the scandal has a far-reaching effect on the university and its stakeholders, beyond just the legal repercussions.","questions":"How does the scandal impact the university beyond just the legal repercussions?","answer":"Stakeholders"}
{"text":["You know, I initially wasn't sure if I was going to go back after Katrina. But I think that I was so - you know, I realized, you know, that there's that whole song, \"Do You Know What It Means to Miss New Orleans?\"I didn't get it until I left after the storm and I was evacuated in Atlanta for a period of about six months. And it just started setting in that, you know, New Orleans is truly a special place. I felt like I could have a better impact if I were back in the city trying to help people. And so that drew me back to the city. I mean, it truly is an amazing place, and as far as whether or not I'll go back now, definitely. I can't see leaving New Orleans at this point. And I know some people don't understand that. They might think that's sort of silly, but it truly is a unique city. And the people are amazing. The culture is amazing, and so it's just such a hard place to stay away from.","Do you ever wonder, why us twice now?","You know, yeah, what are the chances?And it's so crazy because the anniversary of Katrina was just on August 29th, and that was - I remember evacuating on a Sunday, the storm hit on a Monday, and the same thing has kind of happened now, though I evacuated Saturday, the storm hit on Monday. So it's just very unusual.","Thena, thank you so much for sharing your story with us. Good luck to you also."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The coincidence of being evacuated twice is unusual","questions":"How is the coincidence of being evacuated twice described?","answer":"Unusual"}
{"text":["This was after years of drift. There is this new energy, this new vigor in this relationship, and there's also enormous excitement, Scott, over the president and the first lady returning to India. The president has this coveted seat at this dazzling display of Indian military hardware during Monday's Republic Day parade, which is actually meant to commemorate the Constitution. And he'll see in a flyover this huge U. S. -made Super Hercules lifter, a testament to the close defense ties between India and the U. S.","And is the president arriving at a time of enthusiasm in India?","Oh, he certainly is. They're here at a very heavy time. The stock market is on this bull run. It's hitting record highs. The IMF predicts that India's growth will actually outpace China's by 2016. So there's this energy here and there's this hope for improving the lives of 1. 2 billion people, but that requires a lot of change. And that's what the president won't necessarily see - the 300 million Indians who don't have electricity, the 600 million who don't have access to clean toilets.","Speaking of energy, should we expect anything concrete out of these meetings?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"heavy time\" is a figurative expression that conveys the intensity of the situation, particularly the high level of activity and enthusiasm in India.","questions":"How is the situation in India described?","answer":"Energy"}
{"text":["Well, right now, you'll be happy to hear I don't think there is any danger. I think the concern is that as we continue to make progress then eventually there might come a point when they are as smart as we are or even smarter. And intelligence in general is a very powerful thing. It's what makes us very powerful relative to other animals here on this planet. It's not because we are stronger muscles or sharper claws that the fate of the gorillas is now in our hands rather than in the gorilla's hands. And so similarly, if we create machines that exceed human intelligence then those machines also could be very powerful relative to us.","Well, I was flabbergasted when I began to do some reading. Although you say it's not about to happen; it's a while away; it is possible that children listening to this broadcast in the back seat of their parents' automobile might have to confront this?","Yeah, so that's why I think it's very positive that Elon Musk and some other people are not saying it's time to actually start work out the technology that we would need to keep machines safe, even if they eventually reach human level intelligence.","I mean, what's to solve?What do you do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  implies surprise that the potential for machines to reach human intelligence is a reality that children might have to consider.","questions":"What emotion does turn 1 convey?","answer":"Surprise"}
{"text":["I did, yes. My dad worked for a nonprofit. And part of the work that he did is he volunteered to visit women in the federal prison camp in Alderson, W. Va.  - women who hadn't received a visit from family or friends in more than a year. And I would often go along with my dad. So as a very young child, I think it was exciting to me because I got to eat candy out of the vending machines. But those experiences stuck with me.","Well, and they come up here?","They do. So I think, you know, when I started writing \"Sugar Run\" and started realizing that my character Jodi had spent a significant amount of her life in prison, those impressions that I formed when I was young came back to me. I specifically remember overhearing my dad speaking with women at the Alderson prison who were soon-to-be released. And later as an adult, I realized just how strong their joy was, you know, to be released, but also their fear of what it meant to make a life on the outside.","Did I hear you say, once I realized my character Jodi had spent all these years in prison?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Sugar Run implies the title of a book and not a running sugar ","questions":"What is the name of the character who spent a significant amount of her life in prison in the book discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Jodi"}
{"text":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The president may not have been as sympathetic to Puerto Rico's situation as he was to Texas and Florida.","questions":"How did the president's budget director respond to his comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis?","answer":"Walk"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi has had a rapid career rise. He was appointed Egypt's defense minister after the Arab Spring outpouring by Egypt's first freely elected president, the Muslim Brotherhood's Mohamed Morsi. But just a year later, General Sisi helped oust Mr.  Morsi and then he began to run the country. Now, his title is Field Marshal Sisi, the top military post. And just this past week, he took the next step to becoming Egypt's next president. The possible rise of a new military strongman raises questions about if the Arab Spring put Egypt on a path of democracy and civilian rule or more authoritarianism. Samer Shehata joins us. He's a political scientist at University of Oklahoma, and he joins us from the studios of KGOU in Norman, Oklahoma. Samer, thanks very much for being with us.","Pleasure to speak to you.","Why is a field marshal, according to various surveys, so popular in Egypt?","He's popular for a number of reasons. One, there were many people, of course, who were opposed to the Muslim Brotherhood and Mr.  Morsi before he became president. And of course it was a disastrous year in office. And there are many people who, as a result of all of that, are longing for stability and security. And the idea of a military general running the show is reassuring."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"various surveys\" - Literal meaning: different types of research studies. Actual meaning: There have been different opinion polls or data gathering methods used to understand why Field Marshal Sisi is popular in Egypt.","questions":"What is the reason for Field Marshal Sisi's popularity in Egypt according to different types of studies?","answer":"Stability"}
{"text":["Well, I think every writer hopes to bring information to a reader or a viewer. Every artist wants to reach another person through the heart. Something that a novel can do is bring you information in a different way from journalism or all other forms of acquiring information. It brings you inside the mind of another person. So it creates empathy for the theoretical stranger, and that's - it's a fresh avenue, really, for bringing science to a reader, to get to the head via the heart.","Do you have science - we have 30 seconds left. But will we see science in your next book?","Absolutely.","Well, I look forward to it. Thank you for joining us today."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : You do not actually enter the person's heart or mind, it means that you start to understand their perspective ","questions":"What does a novel create for the theoretical stranger?","answer":"Information"}
{"text":["But, you know, people have been, you know, taking this approach for a long time.","I notice that you might be able to - I think the Romans shipped apparent black wax tablets, and then you scrape off the wax, something's in there.","Oh sure, there are lots of different ways you could do this. And in fact, I mean, the story that's floating around, and I'm not sure if it's true or not, I haven't been able to dig deep enough to find out, is that during World War II, the censors would go through, and they would kind of change numerical tables.","So if somebody was sending a letter to someone in the theater and saying, you know, Johnny got good grades, got an A, B, a C or something like that, they might change them around a little bit. Or they might change, you know, put little changes just in case someone was trying to sneak a message in, you know, some table of data."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the speaker is hinting that a story about World War II censors tampering with numerical tables is potentially true, although they have not been able to find enough evidence to confirm it","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the story of World War II censors changing numerical tables?","answer":"Potentially"}
{"text":["Bill M wrote about it - read about it and wrote. Kilpatrick's stays in the news proving all the naysayers right with his childish antics and questionable judgment. He should resign.","And there's also the news that Broadway's \"The Color Purple\" is closing next month due to slow ticket sales and some people said it was because of singer Fantasia left the show without any thunder after she left.","All right. Just briefly, what do you think about the newsletter?What does that offer people that everything else we do doesn't?We've got the radio show and the blog. But, you know, you put out this great newsletter every day. What's going on with that?","Well, we've got headlines that pertain to African-Americans. We have highlights from the show. And the difference is - it's called Push me (unintelligible). It's a '90s Internet buzz word. And the idea is that you get all these things that you want sent to your inbox every day without having to surf from Web site to Web site. And it's a service that we offer."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"childish antics and questionable judgment\" implies that Kilpatrick's behavior is inappropriate and unprofessional, even though the literal meaning of the words is just describing his actions and decision-making","questions":"How would you describe Kilpatrick's behavior based on the implied meaning of \"childish antics and questionable judgment\"?","answer":"Inappropriate"}
{"text":["So in some senses, it's unverifiable. You know, I guess one of the best ways to think about this memorandum is that when asked, Devin Nunes refused to share this memo either with the DOJ - or the Department of Justice - or the FBI - the very people accused in the memo, or with the Republican chairman of the Senate intelligence committee. So that tells you a little bit about his level of confidence in the allegations that are made.","Apparently, Democrats are drafting their own memo in response to this memo. So now we're going to have dueling memos?What's in that one?","Well, we haven't completed it yet, but it will be a memorandum which points out the factual inaccuracies in the original one. Again, it's a bit sensitive because in - there's sort of an evil genius to this first memorandum because it does make reference to very highly classified intelligence that almost nobody has seen. But in as much as we can, we'll try to lay out the facts around these acquisitions - sorry, these allegations. And, again, just make the point that, you know, along with, you know, the belief that there was wiretapping of Donald Trump, you know, that there was improper unmasking - this is the latest in a steady stream of unfounded allegations designed to undermine the FBI in particular.","I'd like to understand a little bit about what the committee, at this point, is doing in the House that is investigating collusion between Russian operatives and the Trump campaign. It's been nearly a year. Have you found an - evidence of any crimes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Devin Nunes lacks confidence in the allegations made in the memo.","questions":"How does Devin Nunes feel about the allegations made in the memo?","answer":"Lacks"}
{"text":["Are there any good reasons to use this?","There is a separate group here working on storing data in DNA. It turns out that DNA is really robust for long-term storage, whereas, you know, hard drives may die after a few years. You can conceivably store data in DNA for hundreds or thousands of years. And as long as life continues to be based on DNA, we'll always have a reason to read and write DNA. So it's sort of a technology that won't go obsolete.","So, I mean, we underscored the aspect of some kind of mischief or outright miscreants. But I wonder, you know, a few years from now, instead of having hard drives or storage systems, will people just carry around that information in themselves, in their DNA?","I'm not sure that people will carry around that information within them. But I do believe people will start using DNA for sort of long-term storage. So accessing data from DNA and putting data into DNA is a pretty slow process. And so you'll want to, you know, archive photos in there and things like that. But you won't want to use it for your day-to-day tasks, at least not for the foreseeable future."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Implied meaning: Will people use DNA to store data instead of hard drives in the future?","questions":"What aspect of long-term storage does DNPersonA offer compared to hard drives?","answer":"Processing"}
{"text":["Yes. Well, the Mayan mom would then just drop the kid off with the neighbor or the aunt and say, fine. I'm going to spend the day at the beach by myself. No worries (laughter). This actually brings up a second thing about the Mayan parenting style that's really different from us. And that's this idea that the Mayan mom is not stuck in a box.","Not stuck in a box. What does that mean?","So in our culture, there's this idea that the ideal thing for kids is, like, a stay-at-home mom who focuses her attention on the children. That ends up in practice being is that you have Mom stuck in a box, an apartment in the city, a big house in the suburbs. But if you look around the world, this is not how the parent-child relationship evolved at all or how kids have been raised for hundreds of thousands of years. Instead, the kids are raised by a whole slew of people - grandmas, aunts, nosy neighbors. And so what we do is actually really strange and maybe, arguably, one of the most untraditional family forms that has existed.","Wow. So I guess the takeaway for this Mother's Day is. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The mom is not confined to doing things one way and staying in one place.","questions":"Which word describes the parenting style of Mayan moms?","answer":"Flexible"}
{"text":["Far be it for me to sort of put words in the first lady's mouth, but I think that what that shows to me anyway, as an observer, is that these dress codes are so ingrained that I would imagine for Melania potentially it just would not occur to her in a public appearance to not be wearing heels.","You know, I think certainly we see the same with the royal family in the U. K. , Kate Middleton coming out of the hospital each time after having her babies wearing these enormous heels. And, you know, womankind across the world, I think, was wincing looking at those photos, thinking, oh, God, that's the last thing you want to be wearing when you've just given birth.","And I do think that we tend to associate high heels with making an effort, with being appropriate and no more so than for these figures who are - have the eyes of the world on them.","Before we let you go, you know I'm going to ask you, what are you wearing now?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : High heels are associated with making an effort and being appropriate, especially for public figures","questions":"What is the association of high heels with public figures?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["FLDS has been accused of forcing underage girls to marry adult men. For more, we turned to Salt Lake Tribune reporter Brooke Adams, and, Brooke, many people likely remember this story. Hundreds of children were removed from the ranch in April. And later on, they were returned to their family. When did that happen and why?","They were returned to their families in June - actually on June 2nd after first the Texas Court of Appeals and then the Texas Supreme Court ruled that a San Angelo judge didn't have enough evidence to hold all of them in custody.","And so they went back to their families. You wrote about a new report that was released just last week. There was a commission that reported on FLDS. What were some of their key findings?","The Texas Department of Family and Protective Services found that there were 12 young girls ranging in age from 12 to 15 who had been married to older men. It's unclear from the report whether all of those marriages took place at the ranch, but that's where they found the evidence for that. And of those 12 girls, seven of them have had children, which is interesting. The girls now range in age from 14 to 18, so many of them are still minors. The youngest of those girls, I will say, however, have not had children."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The courts did not have enough evidence to hold the children in custody.","questions":"What was the reason for returning the children to their families?","answer":"Minor"}
{"text":[". . . You are from this area - born in D. C. , raised in Maryland and Virginia - the DMV, as we like to say. So what's it like to be back home now that you're blowing up like this?Can you go to, like, the CVS if you want to without being recognized?","Yeah. I definitely can go to the CVS. You know, sometimes people recognize me, sometimes they don't. But it's a beautiful feeling, and I just can't wait to move back eventually.","How did you start singing or how did you realize you could sing?","I don't know. I just was always singing. I didn't know if it was good or not, but my grandma, she told me that I sounded like an angel. And that maybe - perhaps that kept me going. I mean, I always wanted a solo at the church, and they didn't ever give it to me. But eventually they did, and I froze. But then I killed it. And I just feel like that kind of just followed me all throughout my life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The phrase \"I froze\" does not literally mean that the speaker's body physically froze, but rather that they were nervous or scared.  The phrase \"killed it\" does not literally mean that the speaker caused harm to anything, but rather that they performed very well.","questions":"Which phrase doesn't mean that the speaker caused harm to anything?","answer":"Well"}
{"text":["Yeah. What damage in the United States near as you can tell?","Well, we're not really aware of what the damage is precisely. I mean, that's still being accounted for. One thing interestingly for people that are dissecting what happened is that many systems are now trying to clean up the damage. So it's hard to know exactly what happened. It's kind of like cleaning up a crime scene before doing the forensics on it. One thing that is being discussed - this is possibly malware coming from the NSA. Some security experts who've been collecting samples of the malware and dissecting them have been saying that these criminal attacks are based on attacks designed by the National Security Agency and then released into the public by a hacking group called The Shadow Brokers.","You know, now, the NSA, they would have wanted to use the malware for spying purposes, right?The agency has a huge shop - we're very well aware of this - one of the world's best shops, dedicated to finding weaknesses in software and taking advantage of those weaknesses to break in and steal information for spying purposes. The problem is once you break in, you make digital keys, you can't really control who gets them. So this attack is raising one of these fundamental issues that we talk about in the security world about whether NSA surveillance protects people or creates unexpected damage that does more harm than good.","So I - so it's possible that there - it's possible that the NSA program to try and limit damage and trace people who would do harm to the country wound up doing harm across the world."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"It's kind of like cleaning up a crime scene before doing the forensics on it.\"","questions":"How is the damage from the attack being accounted for?","answer":"Cleaned"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, a big one can come from any number of faults here in Southern California. So if you looked at a map of Southern California and wanted to imagine all the faults, just throw a pile of spaghetti down on it, and all those little strands would be faults all over the place. These - this set of faults is inland from the San Andreas.","And so there was a less-than-1% chance that we would've had an above-7. 0 magnitude earthquake yesterday following the 6. 4 on Thursday, and that happened. As of today, there is a less-than-2% chance that we could see another magnitude 7 today, but we're going to have to see how that shakes out.","The San Andreas is not directly impacted by these faults, as far as we know. But there are a whole lot of faults in that area that might've taken a strain of some of these smaller faults that - when they released all their energy, because that strain doesn't just go away. It has to go somewhere else. And some of the other faults in the area took it on.","And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Pile of spaghetti implies the fault lines on the map","questions":"How can you imagine all the faults in Southern California?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Well, this technology is fantastic. Basically, if you're about to rear-end someone, this technology will first warn you. And if you don't act, it will hit the brakes for you. And the data show that it could reduce rear-end crashes by 40 percent or more.","Now, I said it will be standard by 2022, but if I buy a new car today, am I likely to have this feature?","Honestly, it's 50-50. If we look at 2019 model year data, about half of the automakers sell vehicles where the technology comes standard. Toyota, for example, and Honda have been making a lot of this technology standard on their vehicles. With the others, you may have to pay thousands of dollars to get that technology.","Is there something troubling about offering a safety feature that can save lives that costs thousands of dollars extra?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"hit the brakes for you\" - This phrase does not imply that the technology physically hits the brakes for the driver, but rather automatically applies the brakes to prevent a collision.","questions":"Which phrase explains the purpose of the technology mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Prevent-collision"}
{"text":["Are they willing to let people die over that principle?","Oh, no. No, you don't - but to who - and that's such an interesting - I love that you got right to the college dorm part of the argument, you know - are you going to let people die?No one's going to let people die. You know, there's talk about - oh, my gosh, the Trump budget cuts Meals on Wheels. Meals on Wheels gets 3 percent of its funding, approximately, from government sources. Ninety-seven percent is people want to take care of their neighbors.","I. . .","People are not going to let their neighbors die."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"People are not going to let their neighbors die.\" - Here, A is making a general statement that people are unlikely to allow their neighbors to die, regardless of the specific context of the conversation. The literal meaning of A's words does not match their actual meaning, which is more like \"I don't believe that people will let others die, and I want to emphasize that point.\"","questions":"What is PersonA's actual meaning when they say \"People are not going to let their neighbors die\"?","answer":"meaning"}
{"text":["The MIT Media Lab has been under fire for the past several weeks for its financial links to deceased sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. The lab's director, Joi Ito, initially said he had accepted $525,000 and more for his own private tech investment funds from Epstein, and he apologized. Now The New Yorker has detailed the lengths to which the MIT lab went to conceal its acceptance of millions of dollars more in gifts arranged by Epstein. Today, Ito formally resigned, writing, quote, \"after giving the matter a great deal of thought over the past several days and weeks, I think that it is best that I resign as director of the media lab and as a professor and employee of the institute, effective immediately\" - unquote. Joining us to talk about this is NPR media correspondent David Folkenflik from New York.","David, welcome back. Thanks for joining us.","My pleasure.","Could you just walk us through the scale of this?How far did MIT go to conceal their ties with Jeffrey Epstein?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : MIT concealed their financial ties with Jeffrey Epstein.","questions":"Which institute concealed its financial ties with Jeffrey Epstein?","answer":"MIT"}
{"text":["We don't really know at this moment. But we do know that Director Comey has been under tremendous pressure ever since his announcement back in July. Republicans have been ripping him for not going further than his criticism of Secretary Clinton, which was quite strong, for her extreme carelessness.","And, you know, Donald Trump has been casting doubt on the legitimacy of the whole process. And here's the thing - the director might well have expected that if there is something being discussed internally at the FBI about these Weiner emails, whatever they are, that would become public at some point, whether he wanted that to happen or not. And he didn't want to appear to have suppressed them.","What's your estimation, as we speak today, on how this affects the presidential election in 10 days?","Well, let's start with the obvious, it's a tremendous boon to the Trump campaign. They've been thrown a life preserver of sorts. They had just had another week of mostly bad news, mostly down in the polls. We had just learned how far behind they are in terms of fundraising. We found out that the candidate himself had not contributed nearly as much money to the effort as he had promised back in 2015. And there was beginning to be something of an air of resignation about elements of the Trump campaign. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of (3) is asking what the effects will be of the FBI investigation on the election, while the literal meaning of the question is to ask for an estimation on the election in 10 days. ","questions":"How does turn 1 imply that the FBI Director didn't want to suppress the Weiner emails?","answer":"appearance"}
{"text":["Now, Republican Sen.  Jeff Sessions suggested - I guess - that Mr.  Lew, because he wrote the White House budget, might essentially lack the proper perspective. Is this going to harm him politically?","Well, Jeff Sessions is going to vote against him. But significantly, Sessions has not said whether he would put a hold on Lew's nomination, or lead a filibuster. And I think most betting in Washington is that Lew will be confirmed. He will not face significant opposition. It seems that Sessions' main problem with him is that he represents President Obama's budget policies - as he should, because he's working for the president.","Yeah. Of course, there's been a lot more objections voiced over the selection of Chuck Hagel, President Obama's choice for Defense secretary; questions raised about his depth of his commitment to Israel, policies towards containing Iran. Let's get an understanding - your understanding, at the moment, of where the opposition for that rests.","Well, first, the opposition is, obviously, with Republicans. They consider him an apostate. They think Hagel was a turncoat. He once talked about how the Jewish lobby intimidates people in Washington. They feel he's been squishy on Iran sanctions. He's said the Pentagon budget was bloated. He also was a loner, when he was in the Senate, so he doesn't have a lot of deep friendships. He has been going on the offensive; giving a lot of interviews, trying to clarify his remarks, explaining how he is as strong on Israel and Iran as anybody else."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing disapproval or criticism towards the listener or a third party, but doing so indirectly or politely.","questions":"Which speaker expresses disapproval indirectly?","answer":"Speaker"}
{"text":["Lettuce is an incredibly water-intensive crop. And the relationship with climate change and drought. . .","And even gender.","Iceberg in particular has managed to transcend these unfairly feminine connotations that salad-eating has taken on.","So as you reconsider iceberg's place in the fabric of our society and on your table, Rosner urges you to think even beyond the delicious wedge salad. She suggests stir-frying your lettuce, pickling it or blending it into a cold soup. And even if lettuce experimentation isn't for you, you can still try to let go of your leafy, green pretensions. Not everything has to be arugula."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Iceberg has a place in society and the contruction of it.","questions":"Which type of lettuce is mentioned in the turn?","answer":"arugula"}
{"text":["Hurricane Dorian is pounding the Carolinas. Parts of downtown Charleston are already flooded. It has weakened since it hit the Bahamas as a Category 5 storm. At least 20 people are confirmed dead there, and that number is expected to rise as recovery efforts are just beginning. Parts of the Abaco Islands in the Bahamas are destroyed.","Alex Cepero stayed in the Abacos town of Marsh Harbour, thinking he could ride out the storm with his two dogs, but Hurricane Dorian destroyed his home while he was still inside of it. And I want to warn listeners that this is a wrenching story. Alex, thank you for talking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","You're welcome.","First of all, are you OK?Were you injured or hurt during the storm?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Alex Cepero faced a devastating experience during Hurricane Dorian","questions":"Which hurricane caused Alex Cepero's devastating experience?","answer":"HurricaneDorian."}
{"text":["Have you spoken to the attorneys for Epstein?And what are they saying?","They were stunned. I mean, in fact, I told them myself. They didn't know about it when I called them last night. They were shocked.","Wow.","But they were pretty elated. More importantly, the victims, the four women that I interviewed - I spoke with one of them last night. And I heard through her lawyer from another and. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Stunned and shocked means that they were surprised greatly by the information.","questions":"How were the attorneys feeling when they learned about the information?","answer":"Stunned"}
{"text":["Part of the problem is that you obviously need to deal with the security issues. But at the same time, that doesn't mean you put the human rights issues into the background. You can also raise human rights issues as you raise these security issues. You have to be able to walk and chew gum if you're going to practice international relations.","Yeah. You met North Korea's top nuclear negotiator in 2011. How did that go?I mean, how did you balance those concerns?","Well, the primary person I was - the reason that I was in North Korea at the time was to talk about the possibility of United States humanitarian assistance. North Koreans made a request. We were looking at the possibility of doing that. And our negotiations focused on that. On the other hand, there were meetings that we had and also time that we had after meetings or in connection with dinners and that kind of thing to raise human rights questions. You know, you don't start out by blasting them with the worst thing you can find. But there are ways that you can press them and push them and encourage them to accept the idea that human rights actually improves the standing of the regime if people like the government.","This administration eliminated the job you held. Do you think that matters?I mean, do you think this administration will even broach the issue of human rights?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is suggesting that it is possible to address both security concerns and human rights issues simultaneously, rather than prioritizing one over the other.","questions":"Which issue did the speaker emphasize while negotiating with North Korea?","answer":"Human-rights"}
{"text":["And what about men?After all, they groom too, especially their beards. So, they need tables of their own. Well, these vanities aren't really tables. Men stood to shave at narrow cabinets with stacks of drawers for their grooming supplies. One glossy modern piece caught my eye.","It's red and it's plastic by Raymond Loewy. The design date is 1969. It was manufactured and he made variations on the theme. But this is the men's shaving stand. And as you see, there's no place to sit. So, he combined sort of the historical idea of men's dressing tables with new contemporary materials, the molded plastic. He has no handles, but the grips on the drawers come out of the molded plastic. And the mirror, again, pops up. When you pull it down, it looks like just one closed cabinet. But in fact it's a men's shaving stand.","What is it, do you think, in the human psyche that we - so many of us - I mean, look at the human history that's shown here in this exhibit - need to look at ourselves, at least for a time, to begin the day?","It is inexplicable, it's innate. It's something in our gene pool. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"What is it, do you think, in the human psyche that we - so many of us - I mean, look at the human history that's shown here in this exhibit - need to look at ourselves, at least for a time, to begin the day?\"","questions":"What did PersonB ask about the human psyche?","answer":"Psyche."}
{"text":["That's right. I mean, the thing is many people are uneasy with what former Director Comey recounted as the president's words. But whether it constitutes obstruction is a more difficult issue. There were plenty of reasons to fire James Comey. Now, the president may have had any number of reasons in mind. But you're looking for something far more concrete in most criminal prosecutions. You're looking for a clear intent to try to stop an investigation.","All right. This is another word that we hear all the time - collusion, which is what started the Russia investigation, the idea that somehow members of the Trump administration colluded with Russia to influence the U. S.  election. What is collusion?Does it have any legal meaning?And what would the charge actually be if it were proven?","Well, that's another problem of getting ahead of our skis a bit. People have been referring to collusion like there is a crime of collusion in this context. There is no such crime. So what you're really looking for are collateral crimes. You know, the White House is allowed to speak to the Russians. The White House is even allowed to do remarkably dumb things with the Russians. The president is allowed to reveal classified information to the Russians. None of that is legal. That becomes a political question of holding someone accountable for things you don't like them doing.","But if a member of the Trump team before the election or after the election was talking to the Russians and saying, all right, we are - want to help you throw the election in our favor, is that illegal?I mean, that's what the implication is here essentially."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The phrase \"throw the election in our favor\" in (4) implies attempting to influence the result of the election, which is different from its literal meaning of physically throwing the election.","questions":"How is the phrase \"throw the election in our favor\" different from its literal meaning?","answer":"influence"}
{"text":["Well, the regulations that I'm most concerned with are the ones that could be causing issues in getting approvals, new chemistries approved for crops that we grow. Cuts to different agencies could cause approval processes to take longer, which certainly in times where you have different pests and things that need taken care of, whether it's plant pests or, in our case, we have cattle as well, and if there's problems there and we don't have the ability to treat our plants or animals well or with the latest tools - you definitely want things to be safe. But it seems more like it's being pushed to the back burner for political reasons. It's very frustrating as a farmer sometimes when you see needs for things and you know there's fixes coming but regulatory issues are holding them up.","I have to ask, has your business been affected by climate in recent years?","(Laughter) Well, in the agricultural business, everybody's affected by climate. You know, I think anybody that says there's not changes happening is somewhat naive. On the other hand, it's the things that we can do to figure out what things we can do long term to make sure we're, you know, in good position to continue to grow the crops that we have here in the U. S.  and hopefully be profitable in the future and continue to be, you know, the largest producer of food in the world.","Kevin Ross, who grows corn and soybeans and raises cattle in Minden, Iowa, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Political agendas are taking precedence over the need for agricultural regulations.","questions":"How are political reasons affecting agricultural regulations according to A?","answer":"Prioritization"}
{"text":["A couple of questions: Does a planet have to be like, quote-unquote, \"like Earth\" for it to be habitable?","Oh absolutely not, absolutely. The biology extremophiles can exist over a wide range of temperatures and salinities and pressures and such. So no, it doesn't have to be like Earth. But that makes it easier for us to imagine that there might be life as we know it.","What's interesting to me, exciting to me, is the prospect of perhaps these stars are very close, are they not?They're. . .","These are some of the closest stars. This one is the 19th closest star to us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : star implies a luminous body in the sky and not a celebrity.","questions":"How does the term \"star\" in turn 3 differ from its usage in media?","answer":"Luminous"}
{"text":["Yes.",". . . Origins of the book.","So the seeds of this book really were planted within me 18 years ago. I've been carrying them and nurturing them for a very long time. In 2001, I was a young, queer immigrant woman here in the United States, and I was really urgently seeking a deeper understanding of my own country of origin, Uruguay, and how it connects to queer truths and histories.","I was going through my own personal moment where my parents were disowning me and saying that I couldn't be both gay and Uruguayan at the same time. In Uruguay, it is true that, you know, 20 years ago, queer voices were much less visible. I mean, in all of my research of the dictatorship history, the queer stories are simply not recorded."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The seeds of the book are the words of the story that she read that she remembered.","questions":"Which words did the author remember?","answer":"Queer"}
{"text":["I think it's actually the opposite. And Jay Inslee ran as the climate candidate, but it turns out there are several climate candidates. So if you are a voter who's looking for someone who wants to overhaul the entire economy over the coming decades, to transition to renewable energy, massively cut down on greenhouse gas emissions, you have your pick - Beto O'Rourke has a plan to do that, Elizabeth Warren, Joe Biden to a more moderate degree, others. Many have put forward plans that would go far further than what the Obama administration tried to do on this.","Inslee did have the most detailed plan. He did talk about this the most. But that really didn't allow him to end up to stand out on the front. And you're right; most polls show that climate change is one of Democratic voters' top issues. This is something that this year Democrats are regularly talking about, voters are asking about, it's a topic in debates. In the past, that hasn't been the case. This has often been an issue that ends up getting ignored during elections.","You mentioned Bernie Sanders. He just rolled out a big climate plan. How does his proposal compare to the other plans we've seen?","I think it's fair to say this is the most aggressive plan yet."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to put something forward is to give an idea, they are giving ideas for climate change","questions":"What is the purpose of the plans mentioned for climate change?","answer":"Overhaul"}
{"text":["It's the most vegetal thing I've ever smelled.","Excellent. And we're going to add the ginger.","OK.","And then I got some mint. And then I got a little lime. OK, and then I'll do a little agave."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase \"the most vegetal thing\" in turn (1) is a metaphorical expression that means the smell is very fresh and green, like a vegetable, rather than literally smelling like a vegetable.","questions":"How would you describe the smell in turn (0)?","answer":"Fresh"}
{"text":["Now, how does Ukraine come in?","It's very confusing, but let's see what I can do here. So on the Internet, things move really fast. It's like a huge game of telephone. So once this firm caught the attention of the far-right online, they discovered that it was owned by a Russian American man who had previously done some work for a think tank called the Atlantic Council. It's a D. C. -based think tank, sort of works alongside NATO. And it's a pretty innocuous place. It does research on misinformation and digital warfare, things like that.","And there's a Ukrainian oligarch who was on one of the advisory boards for the Atlantic Council. And it seems somewhere along the line, the Ukrainian oligarch became the owner of CrowdStrike. This is not true, of course. But when things are moving so fast online, facts start to combine together, and it becomes very confusing.","So the idea is people who are on the far-right, conspiracy theorists, went looking for a connection, went looking to say, who are these CrowdStrike guys?And once they do enough looking, they're able to find a Ukrainian oligarch who they say, aha, this is the connection. So what about this server that the president implied was somehow in Ukraine?I mean, he - on this call talked to Ukraine's leader and brought up CrowdStrike. What would he be looking for?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Somewhere along the process of the situation forming he becmae owner of Crowdstrike.","questions":"Which advisory board was the Ukrainian oligarch on?","answer":"Atlantic"}
{"text":["Thanks again for tackling a subject that is often times neglected for discussion. But all too often it's the source of so much pain and misery in our community. When a family member suffers from an addiction, the entire family suffers. Emotionally, socially, and financially. Shows like yours help to bring the stigma of addiction out of the shadows.","As part of that series, we talked to a mother who said that she believed her son committed suicide because of the game EverQuest. While I tried to challenge our guest on that direct link, we decided to ask the game's maker for a response. Here's some of the statement from Sony Online Entertainment. EverQuest is a phenomenally popular game because it provides players with a fun, social, and interactive online experience. EverQuest is a game. The majority of the hundreds of thousands of subscribers play the game in moderation. As with any form of entertainment, it is the responsibility of each individual player to monitor his or her own playing habits, and prioritize his or her time as necessary.","And finally, Aljore Stallings(ph) in Glen Burnie, Maryland, wrote in about the interview we did with Cullen Jones. If you'll remember, he's the second African-American swimmer to win a gold at the Olympics.","She wrote, I am giving you praise and kudos for your interview of Cullen Jones. I am so glad to hear of a black person achieve success in a sport that isn't traditionally the norm for black folks. I do hope it encourages more young black people to look into learning to swim. It has encouraged me a whole lot."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The game's maker denies responsibility for any harm caused by their game.","questions":"What does the game's maker say about monitoring playing habits?","answer":"Monitor"}
{"text":["How does the government even know that they might have overpaid?","Well, they have records going back that say, you know, you were eligible for X amount per month. And then maybe somebody in the family went back to work and got more in the way of earnings than they would have had to be eligible for those benefits. And so there was this debt sitting there on the account over all these years. But in many of these cases, the government can't even say who exactly incurred the debt. It might have been a surviving spouse. It might have been surviving children. All they know is that the debt is on the books. And apparently their regulations allow them to go after almost anyone in the surviving family without regard to whether they were the ones who got the benefits in the first place.","And they have no recourse?","Well, there's an appeals process, and you can seek a waiver. The folks I've spoken to, for the most part, when they call or visit Social Security, they're told, yeah, you can go through the waiver process, but you're not likely to win. The Social Security Administration tells me that about 10 percent do win their case, but that's 90 percent who don't. And of that 90 percent, some of them, it's just, you know, a few hundred dollars maybe, and they figure it's not worth the battle. In other cases, it's some thousands of dollars, and they really need the money. But very few lawyers will touch these cases because they are relatively small amounts of money involved."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"you know\" is used as a filler phrase and does not add any literal meaning to the sentence","questions":"How does the Social Security Administration respond to those seeking a waiver?","answer":"Waiver"}
{"text":["I think you maybe missed your calling as a cybercriminal, Scott. Criminals are always looking to, what is the formula that makes paying the ransom worth it to the person who I'm attacking?So I'm absolutely certain that you're right that you will see an uptick in at least attempts to do this in other cities.","Cities have computer experts, right?Shouldn't they be avoiding these attacks somehow?","I think it's a pretty sensitive issue. In the case of Baltimore, the mayor came out and publicly blamed the National Security Agency for having lost some exploits several years ago that had resulted in the attack that they sustained. But at the same time, there had been a patch available that the city hadn't put in place.","You know, nationwide, there was an enormous lack of people with cybersecurity skills. City governments aren't known for their enormously high salaries. So I think you'll see the competition at tech firms, at big banks making it very hard for these cities to have enough people in place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A thinks Scott has good knowledge of cybercriminals","questions":"What does PersonA suggest is the reason for an uptick in attempts to attack cities?","answer":"Lack"}
{"text":["You got a sinus infection but you taking a yeast infection medicine figuring if you lay down, it'll work its way up.","Do you believe in Mars and Venus, the whole idea that men and women are totally different?","I really do. And if I can get women to understand that every man that sleeps with you is not going to love you, then half of us will be all right.","What about the other half?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Again, \"half\" is not literal. It just means many women.","questions":"How does \"half\" refer to women in the conversation?","answer":"Women"}
{"text":["There's definite bright spots. If you're Wal-Mart, you're doing fine. If you're Costco, you're doing fine. If you're Family Dollar, you're doing fine. If you're Dollar Tree, you're doing fine.","The consumer is trading down. Starbucks closes 600 stores, but McDonalds is doing fine. Bennigans closes all their stores. Steak and Ale closes all their stores, but Burger King is booming. There is a story out there. The consumer is in major trade-down mode. If you're in position to take advantage of that, you win.","What about hiring?Stores hire a lot of temporary workers around this time for the holiday season. What's going on there?","Well, we've got 82 clients. All of them, across the board, are planning to hire fewer people and for fewer hours. Hiring is going to be way down, inventory is down, sales is down; it's all down. You know, we've lost an average of 85,000 jobs a month so far this year. Unemployment is going to skyrocket, in our view, to 7 and a half, 8 percent. All the stores have canceled expansion plans, cutting back on investments. They're not opening new stores. They're closing stores, and they're slashing hiring budgets."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The economic situation is causing a significant decrease in hiring, sales, and investment.","questions":"What aspects of the business are decreasing due to the economic situation?","answer":"Hiring"}
{"text":["And let's talk about the rivals themselves once they were in the Cabinet. You wrote about this this week in the Los Angeles Times in an op-ed. And you noted that, two years into Lincoln's administration, there was a full-blown crisis in Lincoln's Cabinet. What was that about?","Well, we reached this point in the middle of the war - it's December 1862 - when Lincoln actually says to one of his closest friends, we are now on the brink of destruction. And he was talking about a Cabinet crisis that was the result of this friction between these rivals. There was backbiting and intrigue, and it was ugly. Lincoln survived it, and that's why we tend to forget how ugly it was. But, you know, in the first two years of the conflict, the president is really struggling to manage these balky rivals.","And they're unable to, what, subsume their own egos to that of the president's?","You know, in retrospect, I think Doris Kearns Goodwin, you know, has a lot of wisdom when she says Lincoln had great personal strength to reach out to his rivals. But at the time, it was considered tremendous weakness and therefore, people in Washington at the beginning of the administration thought he was weak, and they tried to take advantage of it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Cabinet crisis was very serious and ugly.","questions":"How would you describe the Cabinet crisis?","answer":"Ugly"}
{"text":["Yes, I think there probably would be. There are certainly places in Australia and potentially in South Africa where one could look. But the number of places where rocks of this age are preserved or well-preserved is rather few. Most of them have got sort of cooked and baked and shoved up and down by mountain buildings and the like.","And so you often have to look inside the interiors of very large and very ancient continents: North America around the margins of Canada; or in Australia, both of which are very ancient continental masses.","So what happened to the smell?Why doesn't the world smell like rotten eggs today?","Well, it's true that these bacteria are still active, and of course if you pass a blocked drain or something like that, you can see that smell, and it's exactly the same activity going on. Bacteria are eating other things, eating algae, eating other bacteria. And the reason you don't smell it is because the creatures that were living at the surface, the fossils that we first saw, were producing oxygen by photosynthesis."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Canada and Australia have ancient continental masses which you can look inside the interior.","questions":"What are some potential locations to look for rocks of this age?","answer":"Australia"}
{"text":["Oh, wow, it's like turning off a switch. And suddenly I was running down these trails in the dark and I didn't know where I was and I didn't know where I was going and it was getting colder. And all I could see was the distant glow of Vegas. And I was thinking, wow, I really like that city right now. I wish I were there and I didn't know how to get there.","Yeah, you obviously were able to find your way to asphalt and you were able to get back to civilization. Very nice - of course, I'm a sucker for daughter daddy stuff in the book - but you really do say that marathon running - or the training even - reminds you of the preciousness of every moment, moment after moment.","Yeah, it does. It puts you in the minute and being out there every day - bad weather, good weather, light, dark - I started this morning about nine miles ago in the dark and it was cold. And you just find yourself saying, you know, there are things in life that are important and that are worthwhile that require a little bit of sacrifice and a little bit of struggle and a little bit of suffering. It doesn't mean you shouldn't do them. And running reminds you of that all the time.","Tom Foreman - \"My Year Of Running Dangerously\" - thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The speaker is using running as a metaphor for the struggles and sacrifices that are necessary in life and the importance of embracing them, even when they are difficult.","questions":"How does running remind the speaker of the importance of struggle and sacrifice in life?","answer":"Running"}
{"text":["Well, there's no secret about this. The chief justice has been very clear. He doesn't want the court to be seen as a partisan institution. The other members of the court, both liberal and conservative, go around saying that this isn't a partisan institution at all. That's the message they want to convey, which is sort of hard at the moment.","But is that possible in this day and age, when we know by their - in their own account, conservative Republicans have tried to win elections so they can win Supreme Court appointments and you have several Democrats running for president now on the issue of enlarging the court?","You know, I wish I knew whether it's even possible anymore to have a Supreme Court that doesn't look partisan. I had always thought you really could. But if you look at the two cases before the court that are overtly partisan, the gerrymandering case and the census case, both would structurally allow Republicans to entrench their power even more than they have in the last decade or two. And I think it gets harder to sell the court as an apolitical institution, which is, as I said, what every member of the Supreme Court still tries to do.","You know, I interviewed Justice Stevens about a month and a half ago for a piece about his new book. And even he, a lifetime Republican, although deemed a Liberal on the court, appointed by President Ford, said it was hard for him to see the current court as apolitical. He said he still has hope, and so do I, but it's difficult."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The gerrymandering and census cases before the Supreme Court would allow Republicans to increase their political power.","questions":"Which two cases before the Supreme Court are overtly partisan?","answer":"Gerrymandering"}
{"text":["Yeah. Yeah, I was. I got given \"The Hobbit\" to read on the set of \"About A Boy,\" actually - by the directors, the Weitz brothers. So I read that then and really loved it, obviously. It's a magical world to disappear into. And then I was a fan of the films. They came out when - I think I was about 13, 14.","Exact age when this is the good stuff to be reading and watching.","Oh, I was prime, yeah, for that.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : I was prime, meaning I was the ideal age to appreciate and enjoy the book.","questions":"How was the age of the person described in turn 2?","answer":"Ideal"}
{"text":["She says, look, we've got to do something some investment on sort of global warming issues, energy, independence issues. Let's use the recession to start creating a green economy.","Now, when you look at someone who is no longer in the race, John Edwards, he was often portrayed by supporters and portrayed himself as someone who was going to make ending poverty the center of his campaign. How would his approach have differed from both Senators Obama and Clinton?","Well, actually it turns out at the end of the day, the Edwards approach is fairly similar to sort of a combination of the Clinton and Obama proposals, and that's not surprising. Because John Edwards was the person who came out with a plan first - I thought it was the best plan - and the other candidates fit in in a lot of issues, actually copied John Edwards. In fact, John Edwards was - has truly been a forcing figure during this election, compelling Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton, both, to be more progressive than they might otherwise have been.","Well, let's talk a little bit about political philosophy. We've talked a bit about trickle-down economics, but then there's also the model of the government getting directly involved. Certainly ending the great depression by creating jobs itself - everything from jobs for writers and artists to road building, infrastructure. That does not seem to be a model that's been followed, certainly not to that extent - in decades. Is that even on the table, the whole prospect of the government actually stepping in and doing job creation itself?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Let's use the recession to start creating a green economy.\" - The literal meaning is that during a recession, the speaker proposes investing in creating a green economy. The actual meaning is that the speaker sees an opportunity to address global warming and energy independence issues by investing in a green economy during a recession, which could create jobs and stimulate economic growth","questions":"How did the speaker view the recession?","answer":"Investment"}
{"text":["When you say muscle through an agenda, the implication is they've got to twist arms in their own party?","Well, I think the Republican Party is going through change. The more populous, working-class element of the Republican Party is on the ascent. And the tectonic plates within both parties, frankly, are changing as both parties are becoming more tribalized. As you see on the Democratic side, Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders have a significant and outsized voice in their party just as the House Freedom Caucus and the more populous, working-class wing on the Republican side have an outsized voice.","Ken Spain was managing director of communications at Koch Industries. He's now a partner at the CGCN consultant group. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The literal meaning of the first turn is that the speaker is asking the other person to explain what they mean by the phrase \"muscle through an agenda\". The implication, however, is that the speaker is suggesting that the people in their own party must use coercion (twisting arms) to get their agenda passed.","questions":"How does the speaker imply that people in their own party must get their agenda passed?","answer":"Coercion"}
{"text":["Yeah. That was the scene I went out. Before I did that song, Creed said, man, write a hit. I said, oh, sure, it'll be gold(ph). Because commercialism never really fazed me. I mean, playing songs that - in links that you knew everybody would like. I always wanted to be a true jazz artist, you know that. But Creed said, write a hit, so I wrote \"Red Clay. \"And all my friends who were jazz musicians, they said, man, you writing that square stuff. So I kind of - but that tune has earned me a living.","That's a great tune.","I mean - and it reminded me of my early childhood when I was back in Indianapolis.","They have red clay in Indiana?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I wrote 'Red Clay'\" implies that the speaker was not initially interested in writing a commercial hit, but ended up doing so at the urging of someone else.","questions":"What was the name of the hit song that the speaker wrote?","answer":"Red"}
{"text":["Right.","How do you think the election changed the political landscape in this country, or do you?","Well, it's changed the landscape entirely. All of the talk of the time of Bush's presidency from 2002, when we started, all the way up until Obama's election, things got more and more depressing as time went on. Even though Bush got actually elected in 2004 as oppose to the disputed election in 2000 - still, most of the news was bad news, and we had a steady diet of bad news and flubs in this, and worries about war and worries about domestic policy and civil liberties and civil rights, and it was just bad news. It was like everything was downhill. And the country was depressed, psychologically. And Bush, now that he's gone, you got a breath of fresh air. Everybody is waiting expectantly. People have been happy. They've celebrated. And now the news is always about, you know, what is going now and how is it going to play out, and with most people hoping that it will play out positively after so much depression.","Are you surprised at the level of engagement of what I would arguably say is the black community at large in the political arena, both as voters, as viewers, as readers and particularly, as political pundits."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They want to know how the election changed the way politics in the country work. Also, the people had a a steady amount of news information to read and watch and listen to.","questions":"Which community is mentioned in PersonB's question?","answer":"Black"}
{"text":["Ukraine, I think, has enough storages of gas for this winter, but nevertheless, it's a long-term issue that Ukraine really has to address.","Yeah and it owes billions to Russia, doesn't it?","It owes some on the contracts it has and there's a negotiation going on at the moment between Russia and Ukraine on those contracts. But the fundamental point for Ukraine is its energy efficiency levels are very low. If Ukraine could get to Western European levels of energy efficiency, it would actually need to import very little gas at all.","But how do they do that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), B's comment about Ukraine owing billions to Russia is not directly related to A's comment about Ukraine's gas storage and long-term energy issues. B's comment is an implication that Ukraine's ability to address its energy issues may be hindered by its financial obligations to Russia. It also suggests a possible underlying political tension between Ukraine and Russia.","questions":"How is PersonB's comment in turn (2) related to Ukraine's energy efficiency?","answer":"Financial"}
{"text":["That's right. There are a few things in particular that stood out in the early excerpts. I haven't had the chance to get my hands on the book yet. But a couple of things in particular. One is that Bannon talks about that infamous Trump Tower meeting in June of 2016 that featured Donald Trump Jr. , Jared Kushner, Paul Manafort and the meeting that they had with the Russian lawyer, who was offering dirt on Hillary Clinton. Bannon describes the meeting as treasonous, as unpatriotic. And he says that those three should've called the FBI immediately. A second thing is that he also says that there's no way - there's no way that Trump Jr.  didn't walk the Russians up one floor to the 26th floor of Trump Tower and introduce them to Trump himself.","We should explain that's his - he doesn't know that happened, but he just finds it inconceivable it didn't.","He doesn't offer any proof. He wasn't in the campaign at the time. But this would be important if true because Trump has denied any knowledge of the Russian overtures, any knowledge of Russian outreach. And it would - this would obviously contradict that. The last thing is that Bannon says that the investigation is going to focus on money laundering. There are indications that Mueller's team may indeed be looking at that. So a lot to digest there.","NPR's Ryan Lucas, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"the investigation is going to focus on money laundering.\" - The actual meaning of this turn is literal, as it refers to the literal focus of the investigation on the illegal practice of disguising the proceeds of crime as legitimate funds.","questions":"What crime is the investigation focusing on?","answer":"Money"}
{"text":["So a medicinal leech is a common name that we use for leeches that feed on humans. . .","Oh.",". . . And have anticoagulants that could be used in modern medicine. Leeches have these anticoagulants in their saliva. So when they bite, that causes the blood to flow and for the blood to stay liquid inside the leech once it's eaten it. And this has been used in medicine for many, many years. It was most popular in the 17, 1800s in Western medicine, and it's even used today in modern medicine. Leeches are approved medical device in the United States, and they're used readily.","Tell me about your collection method. How did you find this three-jawed leech?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It's not three jawed but has multiple capabilities when it bites a person.","questions":"What is the unique capability of the leech that is being discussed?","answer":"Multiple"}
{"text":["Thank you very much.","What is the mission of this March for Science?","I think the profession of science is under attack. And why is that happening?Because we've really ceded the floor. We haven't engaged in politics. We've left that open for politicians to come in and really hijack and obfuscate science for their own selfish needs.","When you say that science is under attack, to what degree should we read this march as a protest against Trump administration policies?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2): \"What is the mission of this March for Science?\" While the literal meaning is a straightforward request for information, the implied meaning is that the speaker wants to know more about the motivations and goals behind the March for Science. It implies that the speaker is interested in the larger context and political implications of the event.","questions":"Which question does PersonB ask about the degree to read the march as a protest against Trump administration policies?","answer":"Protest"}
{"text":["There's been such wild swings. You know, in 2014, we were here talking about a dreadful harvest in Italy that was mostly due to the olive oil fruit fly, which was a big problem following a warmer-than-usual winter. This year, it's a deep freeze. And among farmers in Italy, they feel like these extreme swings are happening more often. Experts that we talked to believe that climate change is a factor.","I don't know the Olive Oil Times.","(Laughter) Well, you should. It's the most read olive oil publication. You know, it seems niche, but there are 3 million people around the world who make - who work to make olive oil. It's a very important food, one of the healthiest products that the Earth provides us. And there's a lot to tell. It's also a cultural cornerstone for the Mediterranean region and the rest of us.","Curtis Cord, publisher of the Olive Oil Times, we'll be reading it. Thanks so much, Mr.  Cord."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Olive oil is an important and healthy food with cultural significance","questions":"How is olive oil significant?","answer":"Food"}
{"text":["And this week on Africa update, we have more on the political crisis in Kenya. President Bush has pledged aid to Africa, but is it enough?And France extends an olive branch to Rwanda.","For more on all of this, we've got Bill Fletcher. He is a senior scholar with the Institute for Policy Studies and former president of TransAfrica Forum. Hi, Bill.","Hey.","So we just heard Ofeibea Quist-Arcton's report, very vivid report on the violence in Kenya's Rift Valley area. Can you tell us a bit more about that area?Give us some background on the ethnic groups that live there."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Although the question is asking for background information on the ethnic groups that live in Kenya's Rift Valley area, the implied meaning behind this turn is that Bill Fletcher is being asked to provide context and further information on the political crisis and violence in Kenya,","questions":"How is Bill Fletcher being asked to contribute to the discussion on the political crisis in Kenya?","answer":"Context"}
{"text":["I think that some of the red lines for the Europeans relate to what Iran has threatened to do in its next phase of so-called noncompliance with this nuclear deal. And that relates to increasing the percentage threshold currently in place for enriching uranium. This is going to be a critical aspect of how Iran can expand its nuclear program. And that's where we might see the Europeans escalating this issue at the U. N.  Security Council.","But we're definitely seeing the rhetoric and the sounds from Tehran escalate as the U. S.  pressure campaign mounts on.","That's Ellie Geranmayeh of the European Council on Foreign Relations. Thank you for joining us.","Pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Iran has threatened to increase uranium enrichment, which may result in European escalation at the U.N. Security Council","questions":"How might the Europeans escalate the issue at the U.N. Security Council?","answer":"Rhetoric"}
{"text":["Well, I know that my name is on the cover, but the Library of America was at least an equal partner, if not more. Reggie Hui there went into the archives, and he found every single short story she'd ever published in the most esoteric, small, little magazines. And John Kulka and Reggie and I had multiple really long debates and conversations about which stories to include. There were many passionate speeches on all sides, particularly mine. And we ended up with. . .","(Laughter) Battles to the death, I'm gathering. Yeah.",". . . Battles. Yes. It was bloody, but it was also joyous because we're - all three of us - just super fans of Nancy Hale's.","I mean, people always ask fiction writers - as you would know better than anyone - how much of your writing, how much of your protagonist is you. And writers always say, it's fiction. You know, I made it all up. But you write that with Hale, it's - it actually really matters to know what her life story was when you're reading these stories."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : She is agreeing that they debated and making it humorous.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue reveals that Nancy Hale's life story is important to know when reading her stories?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["Yeah. So you know, scientists know how to read the genetic code. What they want to do now is what they call write the genetic code, write DNA. And what that means is they essentially want to assemble or manufacture genomes from the chemical building blocks it's made of for all kinds of living organisms, including, as you said, people. And they want to be able do it in their labs quickly, efficiently and cheaply so it becomes something really practical and easy to do.","Well, I guess the question is - why do they want to do this?But also, it sounds like almost acting like creators themselves. I mean, are they acting as - can they create something completely new?","Yeah, well that's it. They actually - that's what they want to do. They basically want to harness the power of biology to solve some of the biggest problems that faces humanity right now. It's a field of science known as synthetic biology. And basically, what they want to do is they want to be able to build genetic codes, sort of like the way computer programs program computers. They want to be able to write DNA, rewrite it - to be able to make organisms, living things, do whatever they want it to do.","OK. This does sound controversial. Tell us why."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The use of synthetic biology is likely to be controversial as it involves scientists manipulating and creating living organisms.","questions":"What is likely to be controversial in synthetic biology?","answer":"Problem"}
{"text":["This may sound naive, but do you think it works?Do you think what you are doing makes a difference?","Actually, yeah. I had to say so, most of the time. A child just needs some attention, little bit of guidance, you know. And just needs to know that they are not alone in this world. You know, with all these things going on around them, despite the environment that they are living in. Just to know that somebody is there and somebody is willing to listen. And willing to, you know, say wait, you know, whatever situation you maybe in. There is - you always have a choice, you know?","Mario, thank you.","OK."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Children need attention, guidance, and someone to listen to them, despite their environment.","questions":"Which word best describes the kind of support children need?","answer":"Supportive"}
{"text":["Yes. So, given the fact that I had been able to, you know, prove myself under harsh circumstances, prove my judgment, my composure, my, you know, warrior spirit, if you will, despite all this and despite the medals that came and the valor devices and everything - you know, there's a position called a combat controller. And the officer version of that is a special tactics officer. It would have been right up my alley. Despite everything that I had just proven, I was barred from even applying for that job.","Major Hegar, I got to ask you a couple of questions. I want it understood they in no way question your valor, your physical, mental or emotional capabilities. But, you know, the U. S.  Marine Corps, for example, has a 12-week course for officers that's a prerequisite for leaving infantry units. And the first two women who tried to make it through that course last year didn't.","Right.","Do you think standards should in any way be changed so that you get more equal numbers of men and women?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  This statement implies that the interviewer has doubts about Major Hegar's capabilities, but is not directly expressing them. ","questions":"What is the interviewer's opinion of Major Hegar's abilities?","answer":"Doubts"}
{"text":["Confrontation between the two sides is always a risk. And there has been military confrontation between the United States and the Islamic Republic since the conception of the Islamic Republic, whether it was takeover of the American embassy, whether it was the bombing of the Marine barracks in Lebanon and, most recently, of course in terms of targeting American military personnel in Iraq. So that's the reality of the situation - that United States and Iran have always coexisted in a measure of a low-intensity conflict. However, both sides have always walked back from the brink in terms of total war, and I suspect it will be that way in this case as well.","So who blinks to get the two sides to the negotiating table, given that the rhetoric has been increasing; the violence has increased over the last month?How do they get out of this cycle?","Well, they were both heading toward the negotiations, and I think for the Iranians, a certain narrative of success was being established that could have served as a prelude to negotiations. Now comes again a series of American sanctions and Iranian responses.","Both sides at some point will get to their narrative of success. Iranians will suggest that they have withstood the American pressure and, therefore, they're prepared to talk. And the president has always been willing to talk without any conditions at any time. Then the Trump administration will also suggest that their policy of maximum pressure works. So at one point, when both sides declare victory, that's usually a prelude to the talks."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"declare victory\" is an idiom that means to claim success, even if it is not a complete victory. It does not mean to officially declare victory in a war.","questions":"What does \"declare victory\" mean?","answer":"Claim-success"}
{"text":["So Beijing has basically made an offer to the people of Hong Kong that if they're willing to give up on dreams of greater democracy, they can be part of China's amazing economic rise, and they have offered them more integration with the kind of boom cities on the other side of the border in the mainland. The problem is that again and again and very dramatically over this extradition bill, the people of Hong Kong have said, no. They do not want that trade off. They actually are willing to protest and fight hard to maintain those freedoms that they still have.","So it's not even as though these protesters in Hong Kong are fighting for additional freedom. They're just saying we want to keep things the way they are. We don't want to see an erosion of the freedoms we do have.","That's right. I think it's important to be realistic. I mean, this has been an absolutely extraordinary - at times, very moving - protest by over a million people - overwhelmingly peaceful, very civic-minded, lots of different generations coming together. That's a fantastic thing and utterly unthinkable where I'm sitting in Beijing on the mainland - could never happen. But they are not about to get more democracy. They're not even about to get more freedoms. This is a defensive set of protests to keep what they have.","Interesting that you point out this would be very, very unlikely to happen in China. It makes me wonder, do the protests in Hong Kong pose any threat to China's leadership, to President Xi Jinping, to the Chinese Communist Party?Are they worried about this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The protests in Hong Kong are not about gaining more democracy or freedom, but rather to protect what they currently have.","questions":"Which freedoms are the people of Hong Kong trying to protect?","answer":"current"}
{"text":["I'm well. I'm going to read a bit from the editorial. You're answering attacks on Maryland Representative Elijah Cummings and on his district, which includes Baltimore. And you wrote, (reading) it's not hard to see what's going on here. The congressman has been a thorn in this president's side, and Mr.  Trump sees attacking African American members of Congress as good politics, as it both warms the cockles of the white supremacists who love him and causes so many of the thoughtful people who don't to scream.","So it seems that you think this is all very much premeditated, and it's not just, as some have said, the president responding to Fox News.","Yes. Well, I think it clearly is - both things are going on at the same time. I think Fox News gives him the ammunition he needed, and he gave it probably about, you know, two seconds of thought to find an opportunity to slam Representative Cummings who, of course, has been critical of his border policy, and so he took it. And so 750,000 people woke up in the 7th District yesterday being told that they were the worst place in the country by the president of the United States.","When you first read those tweets, what was your thought?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : When you read the social media post, what did you think?","questions":"What is the content of the social media post that the president wrote about Representative Elijah Cummings and his district?","answer":"Attacks"}
{"text":["What did it sound like?","(Imitating plane noise) A lot of, you know, you got hundreds of planes, one right after the other. It was very moving and exciting. You know, you wonder what's going to happen. And 'course, then we fly over the channel. You can look out the window and see the silhouettes of the ships. We know it's going to happen now.","That is Les Cruise. He's 95 years old, and he's one of the last surviving veterans of that D-Day mission. These days, he lives outside of Philadelphia. I went to visit him earlier this week.","I'm Noel. It's nice to meet you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Exciting experience of flying over the channel during the D-Day mission","questions":"Which mission did Les Cruise participate in?","answer":"D-Day"}
{"text":["And now to Haiti, where things are settling down after three days of rioting in the capital, Port-au-Prince. A huge rise in food prices drove thousands of protesters and looters to riot earlier this week. U. N.  troops moved in to protect parts of the capital. Meanwhile, President Rene Preval has begged for calm. Haiti is considered to be the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, and the unrest over a crippled economy may not be easy to squelch. Mara Schiavocampo is in Port-au-Prince right now. She is a digital correspondent for NBC Nightly News with Brian Williams. Mara, welcome to the show.","Thank you for having me, Tony.","You've been in the streets reporting on the story. What have you seen in terms of tension and unrest there?","Today, things are good. Public transportation is running. People are out doing their business, shopping. We went out, no roadblocks, no trouble at all. I can't say the same for the last few days. Yesterday was manageable. There were a few roadblocks, car fires, things like that, but it felt like the fire was dying down, so to speak. The last few days before that, things were very tense. Just coming in from the airport, we hit about a dozen roadblocks, burning tires, dumpsters, trash, with mobs of people that would come around the car."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The situation in Port-au-Prince has improved, but it was very tense and dangerous before.","questions":"How was the situation in Port-au-Prince before?","answer":"Tense"}
{"text":["Earmarks and pork-barrel spending are as American as a bridge to nowhere. They're little, and sometimes not so little, holiday packages designed to win the votes of senators and representatives for national legislation with government money that's earmarked to directly benefit their states or districts. Many Democrats have groused about the latest examples that have been added, often in hand-written scrawls, into the new tax bill. Norman Ornstein is a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute and joins us now. Norm, thanks for being with us.","A pleasure, Scott.","What are some of the earmarks you've noticed in this tax bill?","Well, we have, of course, the most famous one, which is now being called with hashtags all over Twitter, the Corker kickback, named for Senator Bob Corker of Tennessee who had famously said quite early on I will not vote for any tax bill that adds a dime to the deficit and then turned around at the last minute and voted for this one with a provision added very, very late in the game to provide additional benefits to a particular set of real estate LLC's, as they're called, a particular kind of corporation. And Corker has significant investments in them, as does Donald J.  Trump and other members of the Trump family - something that would specifically give them millions in additional tax benefits."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Earmarks and pork-barrel spending are commonly accepted political tools used by legislators to curry favor with constituents.","questions":"How are earmarks and pork-barrel spending viewed in politics?","answer":"Accepted"}
{"text":["I can do it either way.","There are two different puzzles. You know, they are the dominant forms of matter and energy in the universe. Roughly speaking, dark matter accounts for about 25 percent of the universe, and dark energy 70 percent with the stuff you and I are made of, weighing in at 4. 5 percent. And, you know, dark matter holds things together. Dark matter holds together our galaxy, and it's the dark energy that's causing the expansion of the universe to speed up. So they're doing very different things. But as you alluded to, they're both big mysteries and who knows?They might be related.","We think that in terms of the puzzles that were at different stages, as long as we're talking about the LHC, one of cosmology's big hopes is that the LHC stands for dark matter factory. Let's see, I guess those letters don't quite work. Maybe in some language they do. But we're hoping that the LHC, after it finds the Higgs, will actually find the dark matter particle so that this mystery that started some 70 years ago with Fritz Zwicky will be finished off and that we will have identified the dark matter. The dark energy is one of those puzzles where, who knows, it could get solved this decade, but my hunch is it will be another 30 years or maybe even longer.","Are you saying that the Large Hadron Collider can actually make dark matter?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker is using the phrase \"dark matter holds things together\" and \"dark energy that's causing the expansion of the universe to speed up\" in a figurative sense, rather than a literal one. Dark matter and dark energy are not literally holding physical objects together, but rather their gravitational effects are causing certain phenomena in the universe.","questions":"How are dark matter and dark energy holding things together and causing the expansion of the universe?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["He says it's incumbent on the press and on the media not to make it easy for celebrities to have these terribly serious transgressions alleged and be able to skate by on their charm, on their fame, on their accomplishments outside the arena of these allegations. He said, you know, it is precisely the inconvenient moment where you have all these stars - and Woody Allen is in South of France because of the debut of his new film.","And you have stars like Blake Lively, Jesse Eisenberg and others who are there, Steve Carell. And he says we should be hearing them asked what it's like to work with an alleged child molester - and by the way, those are his words, not mine - rather than asked, you know, what costumes were you wearing?How did you like your outfits?What was it like to work with this great director?","That's his argument. He says it's uncomfortable but these questions need to be asked, otherwise powerful people can get away with terrible things.","How do you feel about that?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He says it's incumbent on the press and on the media not to make it easy for celebrities to have these terribly serious transgressions alleged and be able to skate by on their charm, on their fame, on their accomplishments outside the arena of these allegations.\"  Implicated meaning: The speaker is emphasizing the responsibility of the press and media to hold celebrities accountable for their serious wrongdoings, rather than allowing them to escape scrutiny based on their charisma, reputation, or achievements unrelated to the allegations.","questions":"Which individuals are mentioned as being in South of France during Woody Allen's new film debut?","answer":"BlakeLively,JesseEisenberg,SteveCarell"}
{"text":["When you say muscle through an agenda, the implication is they've got to twist arms in their own party?","Well, I think the Republican Party is going through change. The more populous, working-class element of the Republican Party is on the ascent. And the tectonic plates within both parties, frankly, are changing as both parties are becoming more tribalized. As you see on the Democratic side, Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders have a significant and outsized voice in their party just as the House Freedom Caucus and the more populous, working-class wing on the Republican side have an outsized voice.","Ken Spain was managing director of communications at Koch Industries. He's now a partner at the CGCN consultant group. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The literal meaning of the first turn is that the speaker is asking the other person to explain what they mean by the phrase \"muscle through an agenda\". The implication, however, is that the speaker is suggesting that the people in their own party must use coercion (twisting arms) to get their agenda passed.","questions":"Which phrase did the speaker suggest that implied the use of coercion to get the agenda passed?","answer":"Muscle"}
{"text":["Brazil is one of the leading producers of two very important crops: soy and corn. But lately, frozen credit has made it nearly impossible for farmers there to afford the basics that they need to grow those crops. Brian Willott farms 2,000 acres of soybeans just outside Bahia, Brazil. He joins us now by phone.","Welcome, Brian, and can you explain for us how the credit situation there in Brazil has affected you and other farmers?","Credit's a big problem right now. No farmer can survive today without credit, and since the credit crunch hit, everyone's credit has either been cut, delayed or more expensive. And it's got everyone here quite worried.","What do you use loans for?How important is it?What do you use it to buy?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The frozen credit in Brazil has made it difficult for farmers to afford the basics needed to grow soy and corn crops","questions":"How has the frozen credit affected Brazilian farmers' ability to grow crops? (Answer: difficult)","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["But even artists like Bone Crusher, who's very theatrical. He was on \"The Biggest Loser\" or - no, the \"Celebrity Fit Club,\" \"Celebrity Fit Club. \"He was on \"Celebrity Fit Club\" and has such a wonderful personality. You have so - these artists that are first songwriters and musicians are so creative. They are so well-rounded and many of them you will see in other mediums.","Now, you are listening to NPR's News & Notes. I am Farai Chideya. In case you are just tuning in, we are doing a special roundtable in entertainment in the ATL with Dee Dee Murray. She is president of Murray Media Music. The company provides publishing service for musicians, writers and producers. And Sonia Murray, music writer at the Atlanta Journal Constitution.","Now, Dee Dee, what about the issue of being a woman in this industry?You know, I have many friends in the industry and I am just going to be real here. You know, one of them says, well, if I don't go to the strip clubs with the guys, I don't get the deal. Do you ever had to figure out where you draw the line in terms of how you are willing to make deals and where you are willing to make deals?","All of the time. As a woman, you always are faced with the challenge of upholding your morality in a lot of instances. And for me, I have had to go to the strip club with some of my clients that are males from California that only dreamed of coming to Atlanta and striking deals in these clubs."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : As a woman in the industry, upholding morality can be difficult and uncomfortable.","questions":"How does being a woman in the industry affect morality?","answer":"Morality"}
{"text":["Happy birthday NASA. Fifty years old today. Wonder how that feels?A former NASA engineer thinks this now middle-aged agency should try something new. Solve the energy crisis by collecting solar power through a space-based energy system. He's Glenn Smith. He oversaw science and applications experiments for the international space station when he was at NASA. We spoke earlier about his proposal.","You have very large solar cells, solar rays in space, probably 22 thousand miles out, so it circles the earth at the same speed that the earth rotates. It stays above one spot on the earth, and you convert that electric power into microwaves, and you beam it down near cities where large amounts of power are used. Receives it, converts it back to electric energy and feeds it into the existing power grid.","And that wouldn't be dangerous to anyone who got in the way of that ray coming down, or airplanes flying by, or anything?","Well, I've got a lot of questions about that. But here's what we have. The highest power level of the beam is only about one-fifth of the energy density of summer sunlight at noon. One-fifth. Tests have been run on bees and birds twice that level and they haven't found any effects yet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The space-based energy system proposed is not dangerous for humans and animals.","questions":"Which living beings are tested for the effects of the highest power level of the beam in the proposed space-based energy system?","answer":"Birds"}
{"text":["Look. The president attaches himself personally to stories. In terms of numbers, he touts a lot of numbers there. We tend to forget that even under Obama, three American hostages were returned from North Korea. Hostages from Iran returned. There were a lot of them. Except that never before had the president personalized it.","That's Mickey Bergman, vice president of the Richardson Center for Global Engagement. He was kind enough to join us here in our studios in Washington, D. C.","Mr.  Bergman, thank you for joining us.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The President is taking credit for returning hostages, despite it not being solely his doing.","questions":"Which hostages were returned from North Korea and Iran during the Obama administration?","answer":"Hostages"}
{"text":["Ms.  C.  VIVIAN STRINGER (Basketball Coach, Rutgers University; Author, \"Standing Tall\"): I'm fine, Farai. How are you?","I'm doing great. Now in this book, you only really address the Imus controversy at the end because you have had so many different life experiences: coal-miner's daughter, integrated a cheerleading squad. What did you learn from your childhood?","You know, I learned that you have to stand up. You don't make excuses for the things that you don't have. You have to work hard. I try to have shortcuts, but you have to be willing to pay the price. And at the end of the day, you know, whatever happens, you must learn to define yourself and use your own measuring stick rather than that of others. And I thought that my parents were tremendous leaders and taught me how to stand up, and that's what I attempt to do with the young people that I'm working with now.","You really spend a lot of loving moments talking about your father, who sacrificed a lot for your family. He was a musician and took a job so that he could support you guys. What did you learn from him?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Personal responsibility, hard work, and self-acceptance are essential for success.","questions":"Which qualities did the speaker learn are crucial for achieving success?","answer":"Personal"}
{"text":["We got hit pretty hard with the recession. And when people aren't making money, they're not spending money.","And they're certainly not eating ice cream.","And they're not eating ice cream. So the more people make, the more they come down here and vacation from all over the world - general improving in the economy. I think there's a lot of confidence in the new administration that's in there. It seems like it's pro-small business, you know?There's a window manufacturer right next to where we're at, and they are swamped right now. And they say the same thing. It's, you know, people are confident. They're not holding onto their money. They're investing it in the economy.","May I ask you, did you vote for President Trump?","I didn't vote Democrat or Republican because I just - I'd had enough of the spatting back and forth. I'm prior military, so I support our president no matter who it is. But I didn't like the personalities of it, so I didn't vote for either one of those two.","Some of the owners that were surveyed were saying that there were some concerns - cost of health insurance, lack of qualified workers. Well, what are the things that you're concerned about right now that may hold back your business?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People aren't spending money due to the recession.","questions":"Which product are people not buying due to the recession?","answer":"Money"}
{"text":["Sure.","Because there are already a number of candidates who think. . .","(Laughter).",". . . Who are from the West. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Chinese government wanted to control the narrative portrayed by the foreign journalists.","questions":"What did the Chinese government want to control?","answer":"Narrative"}
{"text":["Shanta, thanks for coming on.","Thank you for having me.","So we just heard Ward Connerly and he strongly disagrees with your position. He says that people shouldn't be treated differently in hiring and education because of race and that you've actually mischaracterized the deposition you did with him on October. How do you respond to that?","I think our characterization, my characterization of the deposition was completely accurate, and I think what Mr.  Connerly was saying was a complete non-sequitur. The truth of the matter is where affirmative action programs have been eliminated like in the University of California system. There's been a tremendous drop in black and Latino student enrollment in all the graduate law and medical programs and at U. C. Berkeley and UCLA and I think it's just disingenuous and dishonest to say that black and Latino students are now being matched with colleges that they're academically able to go to."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Literally, turn (4) is a response to the question posed by the interviewer. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is defending affirmative action programs and arguing against Ward Connerly's stance on the issue. The speaker is also accusing Mr. Connerly of being disingenuous and dishonest in his arguments against affirmative action.","questions":"Which program is the speaker defending?","answer":"Affirmative"}
{"text":["Is that more troubling to you than if he had a grand plan?","It is more troubling, yes. I mean, we might, in the end, be safer for it. You know, the narrative when this administration began is that he was a right-wing despot and thug who would bring terrible policies to the United States. And I think there's probably less of a chance of that because everything shifts from moment to moment, and he has no grand intentions here. Whatever irrational moment he has now might as well be reversed by another irrational moment to come.","Michael Wolff is the author of \"Siege: Trump Under Fire. \"Thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A suggests that unpredictability may make the situation safer because there are no grand intentions.","questions":"How does PersonA feel about the chance of terrible policies being brought to the United States?","answer":"Less"}
{"text":["And she - my wife went and found the chaplain at Northwestern - a Lutheran chaplain who'd never performed a wedding before. She came to our room and performed the ceremony, just the three of us. It was a lovely, personal, intimate ceremony. And immediately after the ceremony, I took some pain medication and peed in a cup.","Well, that's one way to say l'chaim, isn't it?I made a short list: addiction abuse, adultery, abandonment, imminent incest and just plain old hatred. So is every family is a little bit like the Westons of Osage County?","What we have seen by doing this play is that the story of this family is pretty universal. And the dinner scene alone, in the theater - I can tell you that some people are howling with laughter, and other people are in tears and crawling under their seats. They find it very upsetting to watch because it hits pretty close to home.","\"Fiddler on the Roof\" with the F word?","That's one way to look at it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A: \"What we have seen by doing this play is that the story of this family is pretty universal. And the dinner scene alone, in the theater - I can tell you that some people are howling with laughter, and other people are in tears and crawling under their seats. They find it very upsetting to watch because it hits pretty close to home.\"","questions":"How do some people react to the dinner scene in the theater?","answer":"Laughter"}
{"text":["So I always tell people, look at your many choices. Don't close any doors. But the fact is that, you know, take your passion, take it as far as you can, but understand you've got to make a living, and you've got to pay the loan back.","What about people like you, who are college presidents?What challenges are you facing in trying to make sure that you can get a broad variety of students from different backgrounds?","Farai, you know, what keeps me up at night is the young women who want to be admitted but don't have the dollars, the young women who are students who are continuing, who are saying, I need more financial aid, the young women whose parents can't take out another loan. That literally keeps me up at night. If you see me again and I'm gray, that's what did it.","I mean literally. I mean, I wake up in the - you know, I wake up in the middle of the night and say, how can I find money for these young people?It is a challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Finding funding for the education of young people is a significant challenge that affects my sleep.","questions":"What specifically keeps the college president up at night?","answer":"funding"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So boys are broken. What did you mean by that?","I want to clarify that I am not an expert in gender studies. I'm not an expert really in anything, other than maybe '80s music. And so my thoughts are reflective on my experiences and the experiences of people around me and my observations after living 46 years as a dude. What do I mean by boys are broken?I think it means that there is something going on with American men that is giving them the permission and space to commit violence. And one of the main things we focus on correctly is guns and mental health, but I think deeper than that is a problem, a crisis in masculinity.","You wrote in this that the last 50 years redefined womanhood. Women were taught that they can be anything. No commensurate movement for men, who are still generally locked to the same rigid, outdated model of masculinity. And it's killing us. When you say that there's this rigid masculinity, what do you mean by that - that men aren't able to express themselves?","Partially, yeah. I also think that masculinity doesn't have a language in the way that femininity has come to have a language. We understand that femininity can be much more broadly encompassing than masculinity now. When you think of a strong woman, that doesn't rob her of any of her femininity. But when you think of a fragile man, that has the effect culturally, I think, of neutering that guy. And so much of masculinity is rooted in sexuality."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Rigid masculinity implies that men are not able to express themselves and it's killing them.","questions":"Which aspect of masculinity is rooted in sexuality according to A?","answer":"strength"}
{"text":["And it was remarkable to find these little details that people had. Oh, yes, when he was in college, you know, he belonged to this - some society. I'm forgetting the name right now. But the idea of it was to perfect one's dancing and etiquette. And the next door neighbor said he was always very interested in, you know, in correct speech and in, sort of, you know, elegantly holding himself out and that this was something that just went back, back, back, back, back.","Alan Feuer tells Alan Feuer's story in two articles in The New York Times, the most recent, \"The Secret Life of a Society Maven. \"You could find a link to that on our website. Go to npr. org, click on TALK OF THE NATION. And, Alan Feuer, thank you so much for sharing your story.","Oh, my pleasure.","Alan Feuer is a reporter for The New York Times. Tomorrow, after a gun battle outside the prime minister's house in Tripoli, we'll talk about progress and pitfalls and the ripples of revolution in Libya. Join for us that. It's the TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. I'm Neal Conan in Washington."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is referring to an article in The New York Times about a person's secret life as a society maven.","questions":"Which newspaper published the article about the society maven?","answer":"York"}
{"text":["Does the seriousness of this cast a shadow on the White House?Are they concerned about what, for instance, is going to be coming out today?","I think it casts a huge shadow over the White House. I think it's very serious. I want Congress to conduct full oversight on it. And I think we need to look at it. I think Congress and I think Republicans and Democrats have a duty, no matter who's in the White House, to ask tough questions, and the president can push back when they think they overreach.","Finally, with the president calling this a hoax and a scam, do you think that is wise?","Well, I - you know, I'm not going to comment on every description the president. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They think it does make the government look bad to the public.","questions":"How does the public perceive the government?","answer":"Bad"}
{"text":[". . . dominated by one single country.","And this in the context of several deals to construct dams with the power going to China, constructed by Chinese companies and virtually Chinese sovereign states that were constructed to accommodate the workers for these facilities.","Yeah. And this is the way that Chinese work all over the region, and then that's why a lot of countries in the region are fearful to Chinese. They're very generous with their loans. Most of the loans don't require any payback. But they send in their own workers to construct the projects, and then obviously, most of the benefits go back to the Chinese. You see that all over in Southeast Asia.","We're talking with Michael Sullivan, the long-time Southeast Asia correspondent for NPR News, now, a freelance reporter based in Northern Thailand and recently returned from another trip to Myanmar, the country also known as Burma. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. And one of the changes, Michael, I have to ask you about censorship in Burma; tightly controlled media for many, many years or decades. Has that begun to loosen up?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) suggests that the government of Myanmar has started to relax its restrictions on the media.","questions":"How has the media situation in Myanmar changed? (Answer: relaxed)","answer":"relaxed"}
{"text":["I don't think they picked Deming necessarily. You know, we just happen to be a big border patrol station as well as our neighboring county. They're dropping off here as well - the Hidalgo County drops here as well.","How are these people - the asylum-seekers being housed in an airport hangar - how are they handling things?","You'd be surprised. I think they're - you know, they're a little - you know, I guess they're a little worried when they first show up. But then, I think, it's actually better than most places they've been, and that's what they tell us. So they have more room and more freedom than most places they've been, so they're actually really happy.","And how is the community of Deming handling this influx of new people?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 'They didn't specifically choose Deming' implies that Deming was not chosen deliberately.","questions":"Which county drops off asylum-seekers in the airport hangar?","answer":"Hidalgo"}
{"text":["You know, it's not fair to put the blame on the entire system. You know, we countlessly says in sexual assaults it's not a fraternity problem. It's not an alcohol problem. But we also can't be naive enough not to point out that there seems to be a theme happening where people have this groupthink and are able to hide behind a larger organization.","Can you give us any more insight as to what the conversation on your editorial board's been like?","We were shocked and disgusted when this information came out. You know, one of our first editorials was just somewhat emotional - us explaining that we are very frustrated that this has happened. We are disgusted. These actions are vile, and we, as a student newspaper, are putting our foot down. We're not going to stand for it. As more information has unfolded, specifically the anonymous interview that came out in Philadelphia magazine - that was another topic of one of our editorials.","I don't know that story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"putting our foot down\" - This phrase means that they are taking a strong stance against something. Its actual meaning is figurative, not literal.","questions":"Which phrase is figurative, not literal, and means that they are taking a strong stance against something?","answer":"Putting"}
{"text":["Yes, I do. I think General Kelly is right. I think a lot of America is out of touch with those of us who have served and the sacrifices that we've made or seen our colleagues make. And that's a divide that we ought to bridge. But you don't do that by politicizing an incident like this. You do it by taking responsibility for your actions. If you're the president, you say I don't think I said that, if that's what he believes. But if I offended the widow in any way, then I apologize.","Congressman, I - a bit off the central topic we've been talking about - did you know U. S.  forces were operating in Niger?","As a member of the armed services committee, I am aware of it but only very peripherally. This is not something that we have talked about or has been briefed to us extensively at all.","So you think there's more to be known about this mission and about U. S.  operations in that area of the world?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : So you think there's more to be known about this mission and about U.S. operations in that area of the world?\" Implicated meaning: The speaker believes that there is additional information or details that have not been disclosed regarding the mentioned mission and broader U.S. operations in that region.","questions":"Which mission is being discussed by the speaker?","answer":"Mission"}
{"text":["In fact, he gets a little envious - doesn't he?- of seeing the closeness between the man and the wife as he's giving them the news.","He watches the man cry over her bed. And all he could think is that he, Toby, never wanted a spectacular marriage. He just wanted a regular one, and he feels that he's been deprived of that by the fact that his plan for his life, which - when he got married in his 20s - it just didn't work out.","You wrote an essay, recently. You had a revelation that your parents' divorce might have been the creative spark in writing this novel. How did that happen?","Well, you know, I thought that I was being a good cultural reporter by noticing the friends of mine who were coming to me and telling me that they were getting divorced, had this whole new way of dating, that they - you know, when my mother got divorced in her early 40s, you know, she felt so old. And here they were showing me how much life they had in them left. And I thought I was doing the kind of responsible journalist thing, which is writing about the cultural moment. And, along the way, people would ask me questions. They would say, why are you writing a divorce book?And I thought, well, no. I'm writing a book about marriage. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The parents' divorce might have been what gave the author the inspiration to create a story.","questions":"How did the author come up with the idea for their novel?","answer":"Divorce"}
{"text":["Oh, by all means. I mean, the family in particular has been just, I mean, courageous. I've been at this 50 years now, and sometimes families withdraw, and we understand that. But this family has been a model of participation in all of the rallies, the demonstrations that we've had, and some of the members will be arrested. Therefore, they have sent a message across the city, indeed across the nation, rallying young people because Sean was about 22, 23, rallying young people to this cause.","Now, you and Reverend Sharpton's National Action Network were involved in protests around the shooting death of Amadou Diallo. Civil disobedience played a big role in those protests. What do you think those protests taught you, or what did you learn from them?","Well, you know, we've been doing this across the years. There's nothing new about a civil disobedience. But having 1,200 people arrested in a daily civil disobedience venture is phenomenal. It made an impact upon the police department itself and upon the politics in New York. Giuliani was the mayor at that time.","We hope that we will have a residential law. That is to say that policemen should live where they work. So that would mean you kill where you live. And I suspect that if you're going to kill where you live, you'll be more inclined not to kill, and we hope that there would be an independent civilian complaint review board that would review the behavior of the police."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implementation of a residential law for policemen and an independent civilian complaint review board would decrease police brutality.","questions":"Which policy ideas would potentially reduce police brutality?","answer":"Reviewboard"}
{"text":["So you can actually go to their job section and look for opportunities with the Office of Personnel Management using their website. Now they say that these are for non-career positions, whether in the White House, or in any federal department, agency, or commission. So this is interesting. I mean you just fill out the form below and you know, right on this website. I'm looking at it right now, and submit if you think you should be working for Obama and Biden.","It looks like - and other folks on NPR have spoken about this as well. There are so many questions - basically you have to have apparently lived a life of a saint in order to be able to pass some of these. . .","Some way of putting it.","Litmus tests. I mean is that really true or does it just seem that way because they really ask you basically have you ever jaywalked, have you ever - of course, not literally, but kind of.","Right, right. Well, I mean the point is this. Look, why waste time?I mean they're going to do what they need to do to process applications the way the federal government would do anyway. So why waste the time?The point is be transparent. I think what they're also trying to say here is send a message, be transparent with us because we're going to find out one way or the other. We're going to look at - if we really seriously are looking at considering hiring somebody, we're going to look at their online footprint, and I do think that they actually do mean that. They are going to look at that online footprint."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Applicants should be honest and transparent about their online presence because the government will check.","questions":"Which aspect of applicants is the government going to check?","answer":"Online"}
{"text":["You've got lots of reasons to be concerned about this economy, not the least of which is the fact that the Federal Reserve Chair Ben Bernanke has done yet another interest rate cut. And the question is, how many more cuts can he do?He has so many arrows in his quiver.","So, we're looking at a very fragile economy. And certainly, the employment piece is the most important piece for most Americans because most people don't have trust funds or extra money. Many who do have home equity have it tapped out. The way that 90 percent of us support ourselves is that we work every day, and increasing numbers of people don't have employment opportunities.","When you look at what's happening right now, there were - there have been times when there are certain, you know, white collar jobs that have really gotten hit hard, I'm thinking of the computer industry, the technology industry in the '90s when there was that dot bomb era. But is this really, for now, more of a blue collar job loss or is it mixed?","It's really a mixed bag. You see many corporations who are downsizing, they call it rightsizing, who are cutting even if it's by as little as 5 percent, Farai, it adds up. We see state governments also looking at a drop in revenue coming in because of a drop in tax revenue, and they are thinking of cutting in \u2014 may have already done some cutting."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"so many arrows in his quiver\" is an idiom that means having many different strategies or options available to use, rather than referring to actual arrows in a quiver.","questions":"What does the idiom \"so many arrows in his quiver\" mean?","answer":"Options"}
{"text":["No, so Wim van Egmond is an artist, and he was trained as an artist. He was a painter at first, and he was really into painting from these scientific illustrations, biological illustrations from hundreds of years ago. And he said, well, you know, I could just do this myself. So he purchased his first microscope about 20 years ago and since then has been kind of perfecting the technique.","But when he started, you know, he was also working with film, like Roman Vishniac. And, you know, when he had to look up what he was looking at, these organisms, he was looking in reference books, things that are just unthinkable these days, of course you would just Google.","So he said that, you know, progress has gotten much faster because now you can just look and see your result immediately. You don't have to develop your film, and - you know, and so he's gotten - it sounds like he's gotten - he's sort of refined his techniques much more quickly in the days of the digital camera.","Now I know you like to limit the size of your video pick to like three or four minutes."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"when he had to look up what he was looking at, these organisms, he was looking in reference books, things that are just unthinkable these days, of course you would just Google.\" Literal meaning: Wim van Egmond used to search for information about organisms in reference books, which is an outdated practice now that we can easily search on Google. Actual meaning: Wim van Egmond used to search for information about organisms in reference books, and nowadays it's more common to use online resources like Google for such searches.","questions":"How did Wim van Egmond used to search for information about organisms?","answer":"reference"}
{"text":["Well, that's how your muscles grow. And in this case, what we found was with the exercise, after very strenuous exercise of 20 minutes, we found a disappearance of the chemical tags from the DNA. And what this means is that it allowed other proteins' transcription factors to access the DNA, and this could instruct the cell to make specialized proteins that could support growth and metabolism.","Wow. Does it also explain why you lose your muscle tone if you don't exercise?","Well, we actually - we didn't study that.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of turn (4) is that the speaker is acknowledging what was said but may not have a specific response or further comment. It implies a lack of elaboration or engagement in the conversation.","questions":"How did the speaker respond to the question in turn (4)?","answer":"Yeah"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, Jodi came to me very strongly. Before I even realized that I was writing a book, I was hanging out with Jodi. And she kind of took up residence in my mind. And I became a little infatuated with her. I started thinking about her all the time. And then the plot and the rest of the story sort of fell into place. I really, actually, kind of felt like I was getting to know her. And so it was a process of realizing what she had been through.","Well, Jodi - without giving too much away - gets out of prison. She meets an interesting woman, Miranda, who has three children, a failing marriage to a has-been country singer and an addiction. What draws them to each other?","She's just gotten out of prison. And she knows, in many ways, that taking up with Miranda is a bad decision. I mean, she kind of looks at her the first night that they're hanging out and tells herself, don't do this. But at the same time, she's drawn to her. I mean, she's physically attracted to her.","But she's also, I think, attracted to the fact that Miranda is bound and determined to enjoy life despite everything that's going wrong. So it's this sort of love of life and determination to make something joyful out of life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A implies that what Jodi had been through inspired his write up.","questions":"How did Jodi influence PersonA's writing?","answer":"Jodi"}
{"text":["So after more than a week of protesting, it seems like you may be about to get what you've been asking for. There's a deal to sell the mine and money set aside to pay back wages. Does that mean you're heading home?","No. It's a step in the right direction. What's been set aside is like probably around 35, 40% of back wages on that. And they decided that they won't stay until we've been fully reimbursed.","The deal has set aside about $450,000 of an estimated 2 1\/2 million that are owed to the miners.","Right. Right. That's the deal. That's Kopper Glo stepping up.","You know, some local officials have said you're actually depriving yourselves of money by blocking the tracks because you are blocking coal that would otherwise get sold. What do you say to that?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The amount set aside for wages is insufficient.","questions":"What percentage of back wages has been set aside according to A?","answer":"35-40%"}
{"text":["He says today's number one threat to American national security is nuclear proliferation and terrorism. His new book, \"Will Terrorists Go Nuclear?\"examines both the risks and psychology of nuclear terrorism, and says terrorists don't need to have such weapons to perpetrate nuclear terror.","Nuclear terrorism is about the very frightening possibility that terrorists could acquire and employ nuclear weapons. Nuclear terror is about the anticipation of that event. Nuclear terrorism is about terrorists' capabilities, intelligence, evidence, our assessment of the threat. Nuclear terror is about our imagination.","The history of nuclear terrorism can be briefly summarized. Fortunately there hasn't been any. Many would hasten to add yet. But nuclear terror has a rich history, and it's deeply embedded in our popular culture and our policy making circles.","One of the other things you mentioned in the book, among many, is that al-Qaeda might become the world's first terrorist nuclear power without possessing a single nuclear weapon. And I suppose the answer to that is in part what you just were describing."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement \"Will Terrorists Go Nuclear?\" implies that the book discusses more than just the possibility of terrorists using nuclear weapons to carry out attacks.","questions":"How does the book \"Will Terrorists Go Nuclear?\" go beyond the possibility of terrorists using nuclear weapons?","answer":"Beyond"}
{"text":["Fall color is peaking in New York's Adirondack Mountains. There's already been a first dusting of snow on the summits. North Country Public Radio's Brian Mann set out in his canoe to take in autumn's big show near Lake Placid, and he sent us back this audio postcard.","I'm paddling up the Chubb River, wildness all around me, tamaracks here by the shore and willows. This could easily be northern Canada. It's really crisp out here. You can really taste fall now in the air. And there is this kind of stained-glass look to the hillsides, like splashes of crimson red. I mean, just truly tropical red.","There's brilliant sun, and the maple and birch are lit up. As the river winds into the mountain valley, it narrows and narrows again, so I'm squeezing through a vein of water to get to the hiking trail, willow branches squeaking against the canoe. I pass a beaver lodge and turn. And suddenly, I'm right on top of a pair of indignant mallards that go whirring into the sky.","All right, guys, don't mean to scare you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It could be Canada because of the weather and the way it looks.  The hillsides have a large variety of trees that have different colored leaves on them.","questions":"How would you describe the scenery in Adirondack Mountains?","answer":"Crisp"}
{"text":["Thank you, Sacha. It's good to be here.","So I assume that the past few days have been an emotional roller coaster for Sudan. It finally ousted its leader, but then another autocrat took his place. And that spurred more protests. And suddenly, that person was also gone. How are you feeling now?","Yeah. I mean, it's definitely been - it feels a lot longer than a week, for sure. And you know, we've kind of been dealing with just so many emotions. And you know, I've been feeling very hopeful and then suddenly somewhat doubtful. And then, you know, it's back to just being, you know, persistent and making sure that everything that's happened so far is not lost.","And yeah, I mean, it's definitely been a very emotionally charged, you know, few months and especially just the last week. I mean, I think now morales are high. I think people are still, you know, just sort of keeping their eye on their prize of a full democratic transition to a civilian-led government and not a military-led government.","When the defense minister stepped in, was that viewed as a coup - and not in a good way?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : people are still, keeping their eye on their prize of a full democratic transition to a civilian-led government and not a military-led government. So when the defense minister stepped in it was viewed as a cop.","questions":"Which transition is being emphasized by the people?","answer":"Democratic"}
{"text":["As a matter of fact, some of the Newark city council came to New York and also spoke with African-American politicians up in Albany about this guy's record. And that (unintelligible) pretty thoroughly.","Now, let me - we don't have too much time left, so I just want to ask you this. Is this a situation - you've obviously chosen to profile Mayor Booker - is this a situation where he has a political future outside of Newark?Do you se him moving in a direction where he will eventually run for some other office?","I think he absolutely means to. And I think he is one - all politicians brim with ambition, and he is no exception. I think he has chosen for himself a nearly impossible task. And if he manages to pull that off, it's a pretty solid credential.","All right. Peter Boyer, thanks so much.","Certainly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : - to say that Booker has chosen for himself a nearly impossible task implies that he has set himself a difficult challenge which will require a great deal of effort and determination to succeed.","questions":"How would you describe the challenge that Booker has set for himself?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["I've got to ask you a high hard one, as they call it in baseball, Monsignor. Can you understand if a number of faithful Catholics stand up during Mass tomorrow and tell their priest, look; I'm sorry, father, but what moral authority do you or does the church have to tell me anything when it's hurt so many people who loved it and concealed those crimes for decades?","You know, I certainly understand it. That was what Cardinal Cupich said, actually. He said that if the church doesn't get this right, its moral authority is shot. And so why we're having a global summit on an issue that the church says this is in the front burner and we - they don't do global summits on anything. So the church is trying to say, yeah, this is important, and if we don't get this right, it's over.","Are you concerned the church is going to lose its moral authority over this issue or has already lost its moral authority?","Well, I'm sure it has. It has with many people. There's no question about it. And right - and I think the church has a responsibility, say, to clean up its own act before it tells other people how to act. I totally agree with that.","Monsignor Stephen Rossetti of the Catholic University of America, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The church has hurt many people and concealed crimes.","questions":"What term is used in baseball to refer to a difficult question?","answer":"High"}
{"text":["Do the doctors in these cases have any sort of ethical obligations with regards to the number of embryos?","I think they really do. Mega multiple births - seven, eight babies - are, as you pointed out, hugely risky, very dangerous to the mother. I don't know of any case where some of the children were not severely disabled as a result of prematurity or complications. The doctors have to try and do what they can to avoid it. And to be blunt, anybody who would transfer embryos - seven or eight embryos at a time - into a woman, I think, is basically close to malpractice.","And if you super-ovulated a woman using drugs, you've got to monitor that woman very, very closely. And if you see too many eggs, I think you need to advise them they better not have sexual relations or artificial insemination. They're going to make too many babies.","So if that took place, if the latter took place, what could they say to the mother and what they can legally do?I mean, isn't really up to the mother whether or not she carries these babies?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Transferring seven or eight embryos at a time into a woman is close to malpractice","questions":"Which number of embryos transferred into a woman is close to malpractice according to turn 1?","answer":"Seven"}
{"text":["Well, social networks and blogs have moved ahead of personal emailing among the most popular online activities. This is according to the Nielsen Company, which monitors consumer behavior. And they say time spent on these social networking sites is growing three times faster than the overall Internet rate. And they say over two thirds of the world's online population now visits social networking and blogging sites. But the issue now is how to fund these sites, right?","Mm hmm.","So, like Facebook, for example, has a huge audience, a growing audience but has very relatively little obvious advertising compared to a site like MySpace, which is cluttered with ads but have seen their audience flatten. So, it's a catch 22 for some of these sites.","Well, speaking of social networks, a hugely popular site, YouTube, is having issues overseas. Tell us about that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is a bad idea either way for the social media companies.","questions":"Which idea is bad for social media companies?","answer":"Advertising."}
{"text":["Oh, yeah. Everyone - everybody is family, and the tribe itself is very into, like, community dinners and community events and just kind of making sure that everybody is involved with stuff, so it was like one big, huge family.","(Singing) And I wake up. I love you, screaming loudly, screaming softly, too.","Katherine Paul now lives in Portland, Ore. , and she just released her second album as Black Belt Eagle Scout. It's called \"At The Party With My Brown Friends,\" and she told me that a lot of the music on the album has its origins in the music she heard on the reservation.","I guess I was just always surrounded by it. My family had a drum group called The Skagit Valley Singers, and we would host powwows. And I think for me, music is just a way of life. It's how we express ourselves. It's how we express our spirituality and how we live our culture."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Everyone in the tribe is very close-knit and treats each other like family.","questions":"What is the tribe's sense of community like?","answer":"Strong"}
{"text":["So I guess you could be arguing that they're just coming down to realistic levels.","Yeah, I could be arguing that.","All right. Well, let's talk about what this means in relation to the president's recently announced housing rescue package. Now, I understand that it's only applicable if you have a loan of less than $417,000. In other words, not a jumbo loan, and if you're only five percent underwater.","That's right. It does include people who have not defaulted yet, which is a good thing, and it's focused on the right target. The right target is this auctions market, which has gotten clogged. That's really by and large - it's all over the country, but it's particularly in low states, in these four states, and it's at the low end of the market. So most of the properties that are in foreclosure or a lot of the properties in foreclosure are actually within that conforming limit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Not underwater, but when a person owes more than the house is worth.","questions":"What kind of loan is the housing rescue package only applicable to?","answer":"Conforming"}
{"text":["Yeah. He's a very open-minded and sweet kind of guy. He actually genuinely cares about the kids that he helped create. And he doesn't feel too detached to call us, like, his offspring. But he doesn't feel attached to call us his kids. So he calls us his ducklings.","(Laughter) Do you like that?","I love it.","And did he know that he had so many offspring when you first encountered him?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Open minded means to be ready to consider all options and ideas. Ducklings is because ducks have large numbers of children and so does he.","questions":"What is the reason for him calling them ducklings?","answer":"Ducks"}
{"text":["Do drones offer the appearance of risk-free combat?","Well, inside our business, Scott, they don't. There's nothing risk-free about anything we do. And when you're talking about decisions that may affect life and death, I think we take this very seriously. There is nothing in this enterprise that discounts the value of life on the ground - all life, by the way - friendly life, enemy life and then, of course, civilian non-combatant life and property. It's something that is very deeply ingrained in our folks as they go through training.","But to press you a bit on this, General, I wonder - does drone warfare offer, to some Americans, the appearance of being able to strike militarily almost anywhere in the world and not have to worry about suffering casualties and consequence?","Yeah, it's one of the reasons that we don't like the term drone warfare, Scott, the - because drone does imply a level of autonomy that is not the case. It does imply a lack of thinking and a lack of human involvement. A primary reason we call them remotely piloted aircraft is because there is somebody flying them. There is somebody in that decision loop. In fact, there are lots of somebodies in it who are adding the human judgments that we think are critical when you're in the business of life and death."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"strike militarily almost anywhere in the world and not have to worry about suffering casualties and consequence\": the literal meaning of this phrase is that military strikes can be carried out anywhere in the world without any concerns about casualties or consequences; however, the actual meaning is that some people may perceive drone warfare as being able to strike with impunity, but it does not mean that there are no potential consequences or risks involved.","questions":"How does the term \"drone warfare\" suggest a lack of autonomy?","answer":"Impunity"}
{"text":["I know, I love the analog too, like you know, record players. But anyway. . .","The old school.","The old school, the truly old school. But speaking of the new school, there's this new phone, the T-Mobile Google Phone. It sounds like a bunch of stiff competition to the iPhone. And phones are so trendy now, they're like little, you know, it's like, what kind of phone do you have?It's like, you know, it's like, are we compatible?I don't know.","Like status statement."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : old school in this context means that they are using something from decades ago or talking about it","questions":"Which context is \"old school\" used in?","answer":"Phones"}
{"text":["I find it interesting that the thing that I think is their signature model, which is the pinching effect, they didn't care about or seem to want to protect that.","It was - so the pinch to zoom, it's something that they've litigated with HTC against, I believe, in the past. They were using - they had a handful of other different user interface features. There's one, double-tap to zoom, so when you double-tap, say, a little article on the New York Times homepage, it'll, you know, expand to take up the full screen.","And that was in the core - the jury agreed that was something they owned.","Correct."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Pinch-to-zoom is a feature that Apple litigated with HTC in the past. Apple had other user interface features.","questions":"How did Apple litigate against HTC in the past?","answer":"Litigated"}
{"text":["Well, self-employed people are often other people's discretionary spending. In other words, if I'm cutting back, and I had a trainer who was coming to my house three times a week, maybe now she's coming in twice or once. That hits her bottom line. So we know that, essentially, self-employed people, if they're discretionary spending, are going to be on the front line.","The message for them is to diversify your portfolio to make sure that now, if you're counting on one person, let's get three lined up. Let's be more flexible. Let's deal with issues about how you might provide different kinds of payment schedules and other kinds of things.","But self-employed people, whether they're personal services, which we've just talked about, whether they're business services, the people who do the graphics artwork, who do the editing and other things, they're going to have to dance on a dime. Because, basically, when people start cutting budgets they're the easiest ones to cut.","Now if you're self-employed - and there are many people who have started, you know, any number of businesses - if you're self-employed, either like you said, doing personal services or running a small business with other employees who work for you, what can you do to sure yourself up financially?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Self-employed people are vulnerable to budget cuts of their clients","questions":"Which people are often affected by their clients' budget cuts?","answer":"Self-employed"}
{"text":["So I ran the numbers, and the numbers do check out. As far as on Instagram, Horseshoe Bend's popularity, be it in its hashtag or in its geotag, is normally 10 times as popular as anything else in that area.","But is that really a problem?Doesn't that popularity just mean that it might not be as unique, but it's still beautiful?It's still there. People can see it.","Well, popularity is very important. The outdoor world needs more visitors and better accessibility. The difficulty with managing that side of it is that construction can have adverse effects to the natural areas if you start doing different buildings and that sort of thing on top of it, but yes.","Is this an anomaly, though, when we're talking just about Horseshoe Bend or have you seen other spaces that have changed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"the outdoor world needs more visitors\" - this means that more people should visit natural outdoor areas.","questions":"How important is popularity in the outdoor world according to A?","answer":"Important"}
{"text":["Actually, before, I was charging 155. And since the economy has gotten bad, I don't want to take advantage of people. So, I've just felt to lower my prices to make it better for everyone, and it's 125, and it's an hour session, and I do phone or in-person readings. I'm in New York. So, if anyone is in New York, I can do an in-person reading or over the phone.","And you say you channel. What does that mean?What's your technique?","My technique is, I work with guides on the other side and angels who work through me. So, I never say that the information is from me. It's coming from a higher source. And these things are connected to the person, so they really know the person better than they know themselves. And they know what they need to hear or that they want to hear that is best for them to help their soul to live the life that is best for their soul, basically.","Hmm. With all due respect to you and your profession, couldn't someone just be extremely well informed by reading the newspapers, listening to NPR, for example, and figuring out which way the economic winds are blowing and then make predictions and offer advice based on that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : charging implies money levied for service and not charging battery level ","questions":"How was PersonA's pricing before lowering it?","answer":"155"}
{"text":["I was listening back to some of the pieces that you've done in the past couple of months as we prepare for this broadcast. One of the things that China may have to change is the role of its banks. Banks like to take very few risks if possible, and that means investing in those big state-owned industries that have - well, they may not be spectacular returns anymore, but they are reliable.","Yeah. The banks do extremely well. You and I could sit back and run those banks and be very, very wealthy, though, communist.","The government sets the interest rates and so the banks can make a lot money. And if you're a Chinese person, you can't really get much of your capital out of the country. So where else are you going to put it?","One of the problems with the banks is that they tend to invest in state-owned enterprises. It's kind of part of their job, and it's less risky. But most of the jobs in China are really produced by private enterprise, as they are here in the United States. And it's much harder for them to get capital. So people are, in many ways, feelings that the economy is out of whack in a number ways and that there need to be some serious changes. The government knows this, but there are now very strong vested interests in state-owned enterprises and the banks. And so getting that done is not going to be easy politically."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Chinese citizens have limited investment options due to government regulations","questions":"What is the reason for Chinese citizens' limited investment options?","answer":"dated"}
{"text":["Everybody else in the theater did. I didn't.","Oh, yeah, right.","Every single person cried except for me.","Oh, yeah, because they were only slicing onions for you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker did not cry because they were not moved by the movie, while everyone else was","questions":"What was the reason for the speaker not crying during the movie?","answer":"Involvement"}
{"text":["You've probably seen the signs in pharmacies now - flu shots here. You can buy shampoo, deodorant, nasal spray, M&M's and a flu shot. But if you're of a certain demographic, you might consider waiting a while before you get that shot. Here's some advice from Dr.  Laura Haynes, a professor of immunology at the University of Connecticut.","The best time for most people to get the flu vaccine would be in October. If you're a little bit older and over 65, I would say between Halloween and Thanksgiving.","Why should older people wait a month or more?Dr.  Haynes says. . .","Their immune response isn't as good to the vaccine. So the protection that's induced wanes more quickly. So therefore, you'd want to wait a little bit longer than you would if you were a younger adult. That way, you're protected throughout the majority of the really bad flu season, which happens from, say, January to April."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 4) - The suggested waiting period is to maintain protection throughout the flu season, not to get protection until the flu season.","questions":"Which season does the really bad flu season happen in?","answer":"January"}
{"text":["What Bonnie Raitt song, may I ask?","O'NEILL: \"I Can't Make You Love Me. \"","(Singing) Here in the dark, in these final hours, I will lay down my heart and I'll feel the power. . .","Kate O'Neill, who wrote about her sister, Maddie Linsenmeir in the Vermont Weekly Seven Days, thank you so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is emotionally moved by the lyrics of the song.","questions":"Which number represents the turn where the name of the person who wrote about her sister in Vermont Weekly Seven Days was mentioned?","answer":"3"}
{"text":["And it's interesting, your book had pictures of the hands of some of the great catchers of those days, gnarled and twisted. Anybody who played catcher could expect to be crippled - their hands - for the rest of their lives.","Exactly. And people would say, you know, I don't know what this guy looks like but just look for a catcher's hands. And as soon as you'll see - you see those hands, you recognize, oh, that's - that must be who it was.","Are there stories about Deacon White?You mentioned he traveled from team to team. I guess he had one fantastic year in Boston. But what kind of a man was he?Do we know?","He was a really high-character man. In a time when baseball had a lot of guys who spent their evenings drinking and carousing, Deacon - he was known as Deacon because he went to church and he was a Sunday school teacher. And family came absolutely first for him."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Deacon White was a man of high moral character who prioritized his family.","questions":"Which characteristic defined Deacon White's personality?","answer":"High"}
{"text":["This sounds pretty controversial and like something we want to hear about.","Yeah, it sounds really futuristic, doesn't it?","It does. It does. Let's start with the basics, though. When we say scientists want to synthesize genetic codes of living organisms - that's a big mouthful - including humans, what do we mean exactly?","Yeah. So you know, scientists know how to read the genetic code. What they want to do now is what they call write the genetic code, write DNA. And what that means is they essentially want to assemble or manufacture genomes from the chemical building blocks it's made of for all kinds of living organisms, including, as you said, people. And they want to be able do it in their labs quickly, efficiently and cheaply so it becomes something really practical and easy to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"Yeah, it sounds really futuristic, doesn't it?\" Implicated meaning: The speaker believes that the topic being discussed sounds like it belongs in the future.","questions":"What is the implied feeling of the speaker about the topic being discussed?","answer":"Excited"}
{"text":["Habib Koite is one of Africa's most recognized musicians. His music blends the diverse musical traditions of his homeland, Mali, with rock, blues and jazz. After a six-year absence from the recording studio, Koite and his band Bamada are back with a new CD, \"Afriki. \"","So, on this CD you have a very strong feeling about Africa, that it is not a place of just sorrow and hard times. How do you feel about the continent and the people of Africa?","Africa is a continent wanting to change something. You know, everybody have to think what to do to give best future for the Africa, give hope to the young in Africa. And African young can have hope in Africa and make something in Africa and believe in Africa.","You've seen so much of the world. But why don't you take us to your childhood in Mali. And it's a country I've always wanted to visit. I've never been there, but I love the musical traditions and the long history of it being a nation with a lot of learning. What was it like for you growing up, and when did you start playing music?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), Habib Koite talks about Africa as a continent that wants to change something and how everyone needs to think about giving the best future and hope to the young in Africa. The literal meaning of the turn is clear, but the implied meaning is that Habib Koite is advocating for a better future for Africa and its people, which is not explicitly stated in the turn.","questions":"Which musician talks about the need to give hope and a better future for young Africans?","answer":"Habib-Koite"}
{"text":["Our unlikely shrew story comes from his new book, \"This is Improbable: Cheese String Theory, Magnetic Chickens and Other WTF Research,\" where he's collected all sorts of scientific studies you can't take seriously but you can't dismiss either. Welcome back to SCIENCE FRIDAY, Marc.","Hi, Ira. Did I just hear you say the Animals of Improbable Research?","Did I say?I don't think I did. But maybe I did. I'd be happy to have - put that in there.","OK.  We, believe it or not, get a lot of letters addressed to that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A is jokingly referencing the title of B's book","questions":"How did PersonA reference PersonB's book title?","answer":"jokingly"}
{"text":["And when we went to the break, you were saying that one of the advantages of storing it in DNA is once you make it, it will last a very long time.","That's right, and you gave the example in your introduction that - one of the examples that we like to use, it's quite well-known, you know, there's been these Neanderthal samples found, and they can get DNA out of there and read the DNA in technical - we call it we sequence the DNA. And those samples from Neanderthals, or another great example is wooly mammoth, they get samples routinely from 10,000- or 20,000- or 50,000-year-old mammoths.","And that's not even a carefully controlled sample. That's just, you know, a mammoth that laid down and died somewhere cold.","I'm sorry for the mammoth. So - but if you took your DNA, you would store it in a controlled environment somewhere, or does it not need that?If the mammoth is lying in the ice. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : go on break in this context means the show went to commercials, as its commonly called a commercial break","questions":"What was the example given by PersonA for the advantage of storing DNPersonA in DNA?","answer":"Neanderthal"}
{"text":["Well, let's talk about the walk back because we had seen vague reports that China was reneging on something it had agreed to but not a ton of detail. What exactly did China say, ah, we don't want to do?","Well, there's a tactical side to this, and there's something of a cultural side. The tactical side is that China, not unlike the Trump administration, is trying to get the best possible deal that it can to do as little as possible to please Trump. So it's not unusual that they would try to walk back some of their agreements at the last minute.","But the real issue is that they had agreed to make some structural changes - difficult structural changes to the Chinese economy. And this involves things like decreasing subsidies to state-owned enterprises, more guarantees of openness to American companies, protections for intellectual property. They did not like having those promises committed to paper in this 150-page agreement. Those had to be made public. And it looks like a concession to the Chinese people.","OK. So they didn't want to go as far as the Trump administration wanted them to go - at least not in writing."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : China is trying to negotiate the best possible deal while doing as little as possible to please Trump.","questions":"Which side of the China-US trade deal does the statement address?","answer":"China"}
{"text":["Yeah, my mom was one of those moms that loved pretty much everything I did and encouraged me to do it and also just instilled in me a love for books and for reading. You know, she read to us all the time.","Yeah.","Yeah, just enjoying the ideas and the things that I did meant so much. And my dad was, you know, more critical, and I think maybe that balance was crucial, too. But I used to come home - Mom tells me I used to come home from kindergarten and I'd sit up on, you know, the kitchen counter and basically spend an hour telling her the story we heard, you know, from story time. And that's because she wanted to hear it, or at least, you know, gave me that impression. And I would - I just - I learned to tell stories and to, yeah, just enjoy that process of crafting a story for a person. And in that case, it was my mom. So yeah, I can't say enough about Mama.","It's funny because there's a cartoon that I've just turned to here that shows a couple of married couples chatting, and the wife in one of the couples says our son wants to be a comedian, so we're getting a nasty divorce."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"instilled in me a love for books\" - this means that the speaker's mother taught and encouraged them to love books, not that the mother literally implanted something inside the speaker to make them love books.","questions":"Which word in turn 2 shows that the PersonA's father was more critical towards them?","answer":"critical"}
{"text":["Well, I think perhaps the most concrete thing here that's been agreed to involves the tariffs that were supposed to take effect on Tuesday. You know, the Trump administration has already put tariffs on a lot of the things that we import from China. They were supposed to go up on Tuesday. That will be suspended. That's the word that was used, but the tariffs that are already in place apparently will remain in place. And there are still additional tariffs that are supposed to take effect in December, and it's not really clear whether they will take effect.","Also, China has agreed to buy more agricultural products from the United States. The president said 40 to $50 billion worth. You know, farmers, of course, have been really hurt by this trade war, and the president has been really anxious to help them out.","The president and his advisers have been clear they wanted a big deal, not something piecemeal. Does this count - phase one of a big deal?","You know, I think it's progress. It means, you know, this is - phase one means there's going to be a phase two and possibly a phase three, which means there's more work to do. I mean, one of - the important thing to point out here is that, apparently, this deal isn't written down on paper yet. That has to be done over, President Trump said, the next three weeks or four weeks or five weeks. And, of course, the devil is always in the details with things like this, in trade talks."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The details will be hard to work out and difficult to deal with.","questions":"How will the details be handled?","answer":"Hard"}
{"text":["And then the phone rang a few times, but I didn't pick it up. And, you know, you don't always answer your phone when you're having dinner on a Saturday night.","Right. Right.","So that's when I called his mom. And her cousin picked up and said - Alex, you need to get on the next plane to Sri Lanka. There's been a bombing. And Kieran is hurt, and he's here in the hospital.","But he was alive at that time?","The answer is no. He wasn't."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The answer is no. He wasn't.  In this turn, the literal meaning is that the person in question was not alive at a certain time. However, the implied meaning is that there was a tragic event or circumstance that led to the person's death, which is being discussed.","questions":"Which question implies that the person in question died due to a tragic event?","answer":"Condition"}
{"text":["Yes. We got involved and that's 25 years ago. And it took us about 25 years to get it done. We met monthly. And - well, actually, we met like biweekly and just phonetically translate it - every word in the New Testament to Gullah.","Can you read something for us, a short passage?","Well, why don't I read just the first few verses of the Lord's Prayer that most people are familiar with?","That would be wonderful."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : That would be wonderful. (Actual meaning: B expresses enthusiasm or appreciation for the suggestion made by A.)","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's proposal to read the first few verses of the Lord's Prayer?","answer":"Wonderful"}
{"text":["The biggest thing that's happened in the last 50 years is a lot of mechanization that has been aimed at trying to save labor for farmers. At the same time, farm operations have gotten bigger. You can do more with this high-tech equipment and do it with fewer people. What that means when you have fewer people on the farm is that you have less need for all the things that you need when you have a community. You don't need as many doctors and nurses. You don't need as many schoolteachers. And we're now reaching a point where the farmers who have remained on the land are quite isolated and often face long trips just to get to any place where there might be a school or there might be some sort of cultural activity. And it leaves them relatively separated from the national conversation, even as the politics of the country and of the world directly bear on their lives.","How does that impact them and their views on the rest of the country?","I think one of the things that has certainly happened is that when you lose your population, when the towns start to die, you lose your local newspaper. For the towns that were large enough, you lose your local radio station. So now the way that the news arrives to farming communities is through AM radio, which is often conservative talk radio. And it arrives via television and the Internet. And that means that those local issues get less coverage, and they make it into the national conversation less. But it also means that all of the polarization of our current political moment has made it all the way down to these tiny communities.","And how is that played out?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Polarization of national politics affects even the smallest farming communities","questions":"What is the impact of national political polarization on small farming communities?","answer":"Coverage"}
{"text":["Make sure you got the right booty shorts on.","Well, it depends on the job you're applying for, I guess.","Yeah. I guess it does. No. I think you're bringing up something that's happening not only in the employment sector, but also for college admissions, and all types of things. So it's finding itself, trickling down into other areas. So the bottom line, first foremost, remember that the Internet is a public space. All right?Anything that you put up there can ultimately - I don't care if you're password protected or not. Ultimately that could be copied, found, and reposted somewhere else. So first and foremost, make sure that your content that you're revealing of yourself is something that you're comfortable with showing to a possible employer or a college admissions officer.","Secondly, use it to your advantage. Use these things like LinkedIn. You create your own blog site. Make sure that some of the discussion that is out there about you, you're controlling that. Make sure you have your own presence online. So talk about some of the extracurricular activities, your hobbies, your interests, things that you've done really, really well or you're very proud about, and take advantage of some of that. I think that's something to really take consideration of because this is a time where people are actually looking at these online sources, and you have to separate between your social life and your business life, and be able to understand how to do that in this online world."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Be mindful of the content you share online as it can affect job and college opportunities.","questions":"Which opportunities can be affected by the content shared online?","answer":"Job,College"}
{"text":["Well, it's a heck of a lot more. So the total incentive package, when you include some training grants and other things like that, is $7 million over 10 years that they're being offered now. What critics are complaining about is that it appears from a certain perspective that the state is essentially rewarding Carrier, even as it ships some of the jobs to Mexico anyway. From another perspective, they're retaining, you know, a thousand jobs at least. And those jobs do produce revenue for the state through state income taxes and sales tax, and the state would argue that it - and Mike Pence would argue - that they come out ahead still on that.","I'm wondering if that doesn't make sense to you, given the fact that if those employers just left the state, there'd be no tax revenue for the state of Indiana to tap, and even more people losing jobs.","This is the gray area of economic development. You know, how many of these workers would find other jobs in this state?And in terms of these incentives, you know, these don't even appear to be the primary factor in Carrier's decision to keep these jobs here.","Is it felt that the most persuasive argument was the fact that United Technologies, which is the parent company of Carrier is a federal contractor and needs to have good relations with the federal government, which Mr.  Trump's about to head?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :   The incentives offered may not be the primary factor in Carrier's decision, indicating that other factors, such as good relations with the federal government, may be more influential.","questions":"How did other factors influence Carrier's decision?","answer":"Goodrelations"}
{"text":["Saudi Arabia's changing explanations over what really happened to Jamal Khashoggi culminated this week with Saudi prosecutors saying that Turkish evidence shows his killing was premeditated. How could this affect the relationship between the United States, Saudi Arabia and its crown prince, Mohammed bin Salman, or MBS as he's known?We're joined now by Robin Wright, a distinguished scholar at the Wilson Center and contributing writer for The New Yorker. Robin, thanks so much for being with us.","Great to be with you, Scott.","And let's begin with the crown prince. Is it possible he would lose power over the Khashoggi affair?","Well, there are four different options. One is that he stays in power, that the international furor eventually settles down, and he manages - kind of orchestrates his ability to stay on the throne. He is the de facto leader in Saudi Arabia because his father is aged and ailing. The second scenario is that he is replaced as crown prince, and there is precedent for that. Over the last three years, two other crown princes have been pushed aside in part to make room for him. There's a third option - that his powers are weakened, that the king appoints others in the royal family to assume some of the roles that MBS has managed to accumulate in his office over the last year and a half. And the fourth is that there's a kind of physical challenge as there was to King Faisal back in 1975."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There are four possible scenarios for the crown prince's future in Saudi Arabia.","questions":"What are the four options for the crown prince's future in Saudi Arabia?","answer":"power"}
{"text":["Where to begin the week in politics?The Mooch removed, the White House staff shaken - if not stirred - more leaks, a rally and more developments in the Russian investigation. In studio, we have Molly Ball, staff writer who covers politics for The Atlantic. Molly, thanks for being back with us.","I'm glad to be here.","Isn't that what we got in the news business?It's never dull, is it?","It really has not been. And in a way, this White House is really a gift to all of us in the journalistic community. When we might have traditionally been slacking off for the summer, particularly on the political beat - there's usually sort of a summer doldrums - but no, we have the bounty of news that seems to flood every week out of Washington."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Molly is glad to be part of the news business, since there is always something interesting to report on.","questions":"Which community is Molly glad to be a part of?","answer":"News"}
{"text":["The show was political. I mean, it didn't shy away from really difficult issues, took sharp aim at President Trump on several occasions. Did that play into Netflix's decision to cancel it, do we have any idea?","I don't get any sense that Netflix canceled it over the political content. If anything, the political content is one of the reasons why they treated this cancellation a bit differently and a bit more gently than they ordinarily do - because there were not a lot of shows out there about a Latin American family with a predominantly Latinx cast dealing with these issues about immigration, LGBTQ issues. You know, every episode has some kind of hot-button subject. You know, one of the characters is a recovering alcoholic. Another has PTSD from serving in the military. So it touched on a lot of things.","And that was one of the things the audience loved about it. I don't think, based on a lot of the other content Netflix has, that that would have been a reason to get rid of it. I think it was purely a financial decision or, you know, whatever the finances actually were.","And the show can't just get plucked up by someone else."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implicated meaning: The audience loved the show because it tackled difficult and relevant topics. The cancellation was likely due to financial reasons rather than the political content.","questions":"Which issue did the show touch on that one of the characters had to deal with?","answer":"PTSD"}
{"text":["Thanks so much for having me on.","Can you tell me a little bit about Nebraska's land and what it means to its residents, the farmers?","Yeah. So Nebraska is in many ways a typical Great Plains state. Because the Missouri River cuts through along the eastern edge of the state, that's where all of the population originally settled. And so you have major industrial centers in south Sioux City and in Omaha. And then you have the capital educational center of Lincoln. But when you travel west of Lincoln, there's almost no one there. The small farming communities have gotten smaller and smaller in the last 50 years. And you can drive for hours essentially seeing only flatlands that are planted to corn and to soybeans and occasionally dotted with hog barns and feedlots for cattle.","Speaking to that disappearing landscape, I'd like you to read a page from your book, page 69.","(Reading) To understand, first remember - Nebraska is a place. It sits square as an anvil in the center of our maps. And yet somehow, everyone manages to forget it exists. Maybe that's because Nebraska is also a land of ghosts, of small towns dwindling to the point where in another generation they might simply cease to exist.","Why are they disappearing?Where are they going?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Nebraska is often overlooked or forgotten despite its importance and existence.","questions":"Which state is often overlooked or forgotten?","answer":"Nebraska"}
{"text":["You're speaking with us from near Manchester, England, at the moment, where there was an attack. You're based in London, where there's been another attack. Can you describe the mood?","The mood is very alarmed. I've been literally corresponding with hundreds of British-Muslim community members across the country. And there is a genuine feeling of shock beyond the last few attacks because of the severity of this and the frequency of it. And there is a sense - a real sense that something has to change.","Now, I know all sectors are feeling this. But, you know, what they're telling me is that, you know, we're going to have to face some difficult questions. Now the only thing is, how are we going to handle those questions?Is it going to be as a community, as part of wider society?Or are Muslim communities going to be a target?That's going to make a little bit of a difference here.","Just briefly - we only have about 30 seconds - how is the Muslim community reacting?This is the holy month of Ramadan, a time of prayer and reflection."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Can you describe the mood?\" - This turn is meant to inquire about the emotional state of the people in the area where the speaker is currently located. The literal meaning of the turn is clear and does not differ from its actual meaning.","questions":"What is the location of the speaker?","answer":"Manchester"}
{"text":["There probably should be because the funny thing is, for most players, for most people, you might be able to look at this and say, all this success, the way that the city has embraced him and the team, all of these good things would naturally lead to Kawhi Leonard being more inclined to re-sign in Toronto. And we just don't know that that's the case because he's a famously kind of opaque individual. Nobody knows what Kawhi Leonard is thinking, except Kawhi Leonard, about what he really wants in life and in basketball. The team's really good; that might not be enough.","People are talking about him as being one of the greats, right?You're hearing, like, a Michael Jordan comparison being thrown around. Can he really carry the team to a title against the Warriors, though?","Not alone, I don't think so. The one thing about this Raptors team that people do underrate is that, defensively, this Raptors team is as good as anybody in basketball right now. It's a team with versatility, intelligence, a ferocity, defensively. But to beat the Golden State Warriors, they're going to need more guys to make shots offensively. Kawhi Leonard is great. You need more than one great player to win in any playoff series, much less against a championship outfit like the Warriors.","The NBA has pushed for expansion north for decades. But is the rest of Canada at all interested in this?I mean, is this Canada's team?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Raptors need more than just Kawhi Leonard to beat the Warriors; they need other players to step up offensively.","questions":"Which team does the Raptors need to beat?","answer":"Warriors"}
{"text":["Mr.  Jones\u2026","Yes?","\u2026when you think about the issues of justice and in - for so long, we as African-Americans have and many of us have debated what does justice mean in this life, what does justice mean in the next life, do you think that there is racial justice?Do you think that there will be racial justice on this Earth?","Yes, I do. I believe that we are at a profound transition point. Martin King would say today, there's no way we can make the transition to the 21st century unless we leave the baggage of slavery and racism behind.","And I think to talk about current events, I think that he would both be disappointed and appalled in what's going on in the political discourse. He would be disappointed because when the Senator Obama is criticized in the speech he gave in Philadelphia, Martin would say, well, hold on, America seems to be deeply afflicted by amnesia about how it cheated these African-American people over the past 20th century.","But I think he'd applaud the fact that Senator Obama did what should have been done earlier and needs to be done. You see what Senator Obama did, he walked into the national living room of America and acknowledged and then talked to the 800-pound gorilla of race relations that everybody knew was sitting in there for the 20th century."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker believes that the country needs to move past the legacy of slavery and racism to make progress. The reference to Martin Luther King Jr. suggests that the speaker believes in King's philosophy of non-violent protest and advocacy for civil rights.","questions":"Which philosophy does the speaker believe in?","answer":"Civil"}
{"text":["Like we have a song together called, \"You Think You Got It Bad. \"And what I do is, you know, we'll play the track. Then we'll ask him what do he think it needs?And he goes in the studio and do it. You know, it's never something like boy, you can write something for somebody else. You just have to leave everybody creatively open and just hope that it'll all work out.","(Singing) Everything happens for a reason. . .","Now, one of your collaborators, T. I. , was just sentenced to jail on weapons charges. He's, you know, hasn't started serving, yet. But you spent some time in jail yourself. And do you have any advice for someone like T. I. on how to deal with doing time?","Yeah. I think, you know, it is an opportunity. I mean, it's kind of a sad opportunity. I hate to, you know, get an opportunity to have a lot of time with yourself like that. But seeing as if you do, you have the ability to focus on something completely. You have no other outside circumstances that just need your attention like that. You know, he could, you know, write songs. He could find the cure to cancer. He could do anything, man."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"what do he think it needs?\" - The actual meaning is \"what does he think it needs?\" The use of \"do\" instead of \"does\" is not grammatically correct, but it is a common feature of some dialects of English.","questions":"How does PersonB describe the opportunity of having a lot of time with oneself?","answer":"Focus"}
{"text":["Thank you very much. It's nice to be here.","So dung beetles use the starry night, they use the Milky Way to navigate around?","They do indeed. Yes. It's a surprising finding, but they do indeed. Yeah. We discovered it almost by chance, really, because we were studying their mechanisms of navigating with regards to the moon, which is slightly more visible and obvious stimulus during the night sky. But we discovered on most parts of the month when the moon came up extremely late after midnight, particularly that until midnight, we suddenly discovered that the beetles were still able to navigate even without the moon. So we were quite puzzled by this, a bit alarmed actually at first because we were worried that our previous work was wrong. But then after further contemplation, we sort of realized that, well, maybe they were using the stars. And it turned out to be the case.","They can actually see the Milky Way at night time?","They can, yes. They probably don't see that many individual stars because their eyes really aren't sensitive enough to discern many more than probably the 10 or so brightest stars. But they can actually see the very dim stripe of light, which is - which makes up the Milky Way, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. It's very, very obvious actually compared to the Northern Hemisphere. And it's this broad and rather dim stripe of light which they're able to detect and to orient with respect to.","How do you craft an experiment to discover this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : nice to be here means its nice that I'm here being interviewed","questions":"Which phrase did PersonB use to ask if dung beetles can see the Milky Way?","answer":"Starry"}
{"text":["Because you have eggplant parmesan just in the book.","(Laughter).","You can do that as an antipasto?","Every time someone turns to that page, they're like, this is an appetizer?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Expressing disbelief that people think eggplant parmesan is an appetizer.","questions":"How is turn 3 characterized?","answer":"Disbelief"}
{"text":["What is that called again?Just remind me.","It's called \"Pieces Of Her,\" by Karin Slaughter. But if you're waiting for the next book like that that's coming out, the hottest off the press, I would recommend \"Bunny\" by Mona Awad, which is also very funny and very sharp and an extremely readable page-turner, which is coming out in June.","I also think about summer reading as escapism fiction. You know, you want to go to another world or back in time or fantasy novels. What about that?","So for, you know, people who are, like, maybe missing \"Game Of Thrones\". . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"the hottest off the press\" implies the most popular being newly printed.","questions":"How would you describe the book \"Bunny\" by Mona Awad?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["I also asked Precious Shumba if President Mugabe would have to leave Zimbabwe if he loses the election.","If Mugabe loses, it is widely expected he will have to negotiate on almost every facet of his life. So the issue of whether he would stay here in Zimbabwe or elsewhere entirely depends on the new administration probably led by the opposition.","Finally, I asked Precious, who lives in the poor urban heart of the capital city, why he chooses to stay in the country and if he ever questions being a journalist in Zimbabwe where his career is risky and sometimes dangerous.","It would be an act of cowardice if I were to say, I cease to be a journalist. I feel I'm accountable and needs to contribute to public discourse. So I'm not really intimidated or really afraid of what might happen to me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: It would be an act of cowardice if I were to say, I cease to be a journalist. The actual meaning is that the speaker believes it is their duty as a journalist to contribute to public discourse and they are not afraid of the risks that come with their job, and it would be cowardly to give up.","questions":"How does PersonA feel about being a journalist?","answer":"Accountable"}
{"text":["I mean, as far as I'm not a Catholic, but the pope can do whatever he likes. But the gospels are pretty clear in the Greek that the original translation - lead us not into temptation - is the best reflection of that biblical Greek. It's a subjunctive verb. It's used in the second person, addressed directly to God. And it really does say, do not lead us into temptation. Please - I hope that you do not lead me into temptation. And that's really what the Greek says.","And what is the Greek, by the way?","(Speaking Greek). That's the end of it. That's the addition - (speaking Greek). There's an addition. So for thine is the kingdom, the power and the glory is a later addition. So originally, when they translated the text - the King James version - they thought that that bit was original, but actually, it ends with deliver us from evil, so that for thine is the kingdom is sort of - it's a doxology that was added on later.","Yet another change."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker does not agree with the Catholic views of the pope but acknowledges his power.","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion on the translation of the biblical Greek?","answer":"Best"}
{"text":["Another interesting way to measure Tunisia's success, or lack thereof, is the number of people who are just fleeing the country by sea.","Right. Exactly. Tunisia was the No. 1 contributor of migrants to Italy - Tunisians, not people from sub-Saharan Africa going through Tunisia. So this is another big issue. You have brain drain. You have - the suicide rate has almost doubled. All these show that people are frustrated. They're angry. They're not seeing the change they thought democracy would bring them or they thought the revolution would bring them.","And a poor economy, youth unemployment - these things can lead to protests, can lead to more political turmoil. What does the future look like for Tunisia?What are you going to be watching as it goes through this government transition?","So this transition has been smooth so far, but they're going to have to do elections on a really short schedule. They only have seven weeks to pull off presidential elections. That's not a lot of time. This is a crucial test for Tunisia to see how the democracy can actually move forward. Are they able to keep up with the constitution, to keep up with the procedures that are in place?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People fleeing from Tunisia implies a failure rather than success.","questions":"Which country was Tunisia the No.1 contributor of migrants to?","answer":"Italy"}
{"text":["Of course, we should all remember and commemorate the Russian sacrifices during the Second World War and the fight against Nazis in Europe. On the other hand, we all strongly regret that Russia of today has violated not only international law, but also the security architecture we built after the end of the Cold War by attacking Ukraine. And that's the reason why Western leaders, obviously, have to send a very clear message to the Kremlin.","You're also the former prime minister of Denmark. Does Denmark feel threatened by Russian ambitions?","Well, recently the Russian ambassador to Denmark stated publicly that Danish military vessels might be targets of Russian nuclear weapons. It's incredible that an official representative of the Russian Federation can make such statements. I prefer not to take such statements seriously. But having seen the Russian behavior first in Georgia and now in Ukraine, unfortunately, we do have to take such statements from Russia seriously. So maybe we don't feel a direct or imminent threat, but, of course, we feel intimidated by such unacceptable statements from the Russian side.","And let me ask you as a diplomat to try and adopt the perspective of the people right across the way, too. NATO staged large-scale antisubmarine war games off the coast of Norway this past week. British forces are on exercises in Estonia. Does this make Russia feel encircled?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker perceives that the turn may have an underlying or implied meaning that could be interpreted in various ways depending on the listener's perspective and context, and while not everyone may agree, most people are likely to recognize some level of subtext or hidden message.","questions":"How does the speaker perceive turn 3?","answer":"subtext"}
{"text":["Some might see it that way. Some look at other numbers and are a little less sympathetic to the auto industry. Sometimes, people are critical. They say that union auto workers are paid too much. What, from your perspective, would you tell people who have that opinion, who say, look, guys working for Toyota don't get nearly as much in benefits. You guys should give up some more.","You can only get what you can negotiate from a company, and a company has to have something for you to negotiate it from, and that's basically how we got where we are today. We happen to work for three companies that were far and above - probably most companies in America pay their CEOs huge profits, huge wages. And, you know, we only negotiate our share of that.","Now, if we have to give our share back to save that company, I guess that's something we've got to do, you know. I guess America has to decide if they want an American auto business here in America, or if they want to rely on China to fight a war in the event we have to go to one.","I'm curious, Mr.  Watson. Personally, what's at stake for you?You, I'm sure, still receive benefits from GM. Are you possibly sacrificing some things here, and what would that mean for you?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Companies pay their CEOs huge profits, while the workers get a small share.","questions":"What is the disparity between CEO and worker pay in most American companies according to PersonA in the dialogue?","answer":"Huge"}
{"text":["Well, I think there is a feeling of shock, number one. And number two, there's a great deal of fear that this will spiral Sri Lanka down into interreligious violence that will be much more intense than what we've seen in the recent years.","Is Christianity something that Sri Lankans sort of wear in a visible fashion?I mean, would people know whether their co-workers or their neighbors are Christian?Or is this something that people sort of carry under the surface that you might not be aware of?","Well, I think people are very free, usually, in talking about their religious identity. And Catholics would wear particular items like scapulars or miraculous medals that would indicate their affiliation. When it comes to worship, however, women do veil. And if you go into churches like St.  Sebastian's or St.  Anthony's, there will be signs admonishing people to veil - women to veil. So there is a sense of distinctiveness, but it's not the sense that Catholics are identifiable by particular clothing or forms of speech.","Having spent time among Sri Lankan Christians, were you surprised to see this group targeted in such a vicious way?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Carry under the surface\" means the Catholics would not publicly display anything that reveals that they are Catholic.","questions":"Which religious items would Catholics wear to indicate their affiliation?","answer":"Scapulars"}
{"text":["And this could sound obvious, and this could sound like a no-brainer. But the reality in Mexico is that whenever a journalist is killed, investigators - their first reaction is to always try to find a motive that is not related to journalistic work. So they find any other motive - economic motive or maybe a passion motive, anything except journalistic work because they don't want to admit that they have a problem of press freedom in their hands. But I think in this case it is really obvious why Javier Valdez was killed.","Yeah. This is going to sound naive. But why do you think it's important to do stories like that?I mean, drug cartels - people often prefer just to look the other way - don't they?","Well, yes. But if you don't report on them, then nobody else will. And it is not just the stories about the drug cartels. It is the stories about the consequences that they are unleashing in Mexican public life in every level. I live in a city that, for years, was the turf in a turf war between two drug cartels. And the effects of the violence that they unleashed was devastating for the city because investment never came in. Jobs were not created. Nightlife shut down. People stopped going out on the street. We all started to distrust from one another. Neighborhoods began putting up gates and fences, and so it was really disruptive.","Your newspaper was attacked, wasn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"try to find a motive that is not related to journalistic work\" - the literal meaning is to search for a reason or cause that is not related to journalism, but the actual meaning is to avoid acknowledging that the journalist was killed because of their work.","questions":"What is the first reaction of investigators in Mexico when a journalist is killed?","answer":"Avoid"}
{"text":["It's hard. It is really hard when every time you look up, three kids killed here, four people shot here, somebody getting killed right down the street, right around the corner. It's kind of discouraging sometimes trying to do as much as you can with the resources that you do have.","Boy, I mean, I think a lot of people listening, well, will be very moved, but, I mean, some of them have to be saying, wait a minute. The president of the United States is from the South Side. Don't people look up to him?","I definitely look up to Obama. Obama's a great guy. I never forget - March 31 I wrote the president. You know, I'm from your city, and we're dying down here every day. What are you doing up there to stop what's happening to us down here?And he wrote me back, a little girl in a little basement apartment in Englewood. He wrote me back.","I was able to use that letter to inspire the people that live in this neighborhood like me. Don't ever stop trying. And it just goes back to the movement. No matter how hard things get, no matter every day and I'll wake up and I look at the news and more people have been killed, more people have been shot, that just shows me that I still have work to do."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People are expecting the President to come up with solutions to address the issues in the South Side.","questions":"How are people reacting to the President's association with the South Side?","answer":"Expecting"}
{"text":["This is Day to Day. I'm Alex Cohen, and I am not ashamed to admit, this holiday season, some of my dear friends and family members will receive gifts which I previously received from someone else. It's called regifting. And with more on the topic, here's independent producer Vanessa Romo.","Chances are, opening presents around the Christmas tree tomorrow, you'll be surrounded by two types of people, regifters and those who believe regifters should be carted off to an igloo colony. I know which parka-wearing camp I'm in. But what about the rest of the world?Or rather, what about a random sample of coffee shop goers and gym worker outers.","Unidentified Woman #1: I teach etiquette to children and young adults. And regifting is one of my favorite topics.","Unidentified Man #1: Am I a regifter?Well, until five minutes ago, I imagined regifting was regiving a gift, but I wasn't too sure."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : to imagine something in this context means to think that something was right, but they might be wrong","questions":"How did the unidentified man interpret the meaning of regifting before?","answer":"Misunderstanding"}
{"text":["Presidential candidates sure ate a lot this week - matzah, blintzes, pizza slices. The presidential campaigns have moved to New York for the next primary. After Bernie Sanders won the Democratic primary in Wisconsin this week, Ted Cruz won the Republican side. Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump hope to rebound in more familiar territory. NPR's Ron Elving joins us. Ron, thanks so much for being with us.","Good to be with you, Scott.","Let's begin with the Democrats. They were playing so nicely together. And then this week it seemed like they were calling each other unqualified. Both candidates say they're getting sick and tired. What happened?","I have no doubt that they are sick and tired of each other. But let's be clear, Hillary Clinton never actually said that Sanders was unqualified, despite multiple efforts on the part of many hosts to get her to do that. She kept saying that she thought she was more qualified and so on. And she never would actually say that he was qualified. And this, of course, all followed on a rather rocky interview that Bernie Sanders had with New York Daily News that went viral."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : ) Let's begin with the Democrats.They were playing so nicely together.And then this week it seemed like they were calling each other unqualified.Both candidates say they're getting sick and tired.What happened?","questions":"Which primary did Bernie Sanders win this week?","answer":"Wisconsin"}
{"text":["I spent a lot of time reading, writing - self-education. I used the time to teach myself both criminal and civil law. And we lived on what we call an organized tier along the principles of the Black Panther Party, developing unity among the other guys on the tier. We taught guys how to read and write, which, you know, I think was my greatest achievement.","Mr.  Woodfox, how often were you gassed?","Oh, my goodness. Well, gas was a standard form of weapons that the security people used. So anytime you challenge inhumane treatment or you challenge unconstitutional conduct, they would gas you, you know. And depending on the severity of the confrontation, they would open up your cell, and they would come in and beat you down and then, you know, shackle you and bring you to the dungeon. And you probably would stay there a minimum of 10 days. The fact that I was involved in organizing a lot of the protests against - you know, along with Herman and Rob. . .","Friends of yours, fellow inmates who were in at the same time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Speaker A is implying that they were gassed a LOT by exclaiming \"oh my goodness\" and noting he was involved in organizing a lot of the protests","questions":"How was Speaker PersonA's involvement in protests related to the frequency of being gassed?","answer":"Protests"}
{"text":["Thank you.","Why do you think more teens are identifying as transgender or gender nonconforming?","Well, I think there's been a long history of advocacy and fighting for that visibility. And there's more media attention and celebrities coming out. That has increased visibility. And with more schools having more GSAs and clubs, it gives youth a chance to feel like they can talk about their gender exploration and live more like their authentic self.","To what extent do you see this study as a reflection of teens feeling more comfortable in diverse gender identities versus teens sort of experimenting with their identities and how they describe themselves?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A believes that media attention, celebrities, and advocacy efforts have contributed to more teens feeling comfortable in identifying as transgender or gender nonconforming.","questions":"Which factor contributed to more teens identifying as transgender or gender nonconforming, according to A?","answer":"Advocacy"}
{"text":["Now, Mr.  Trump often points out that the school, at least on the website, had an overwhelmingly favorable rating from former students. But the plaintiffs say that it wasn't like that at all.","Really, that's exactly what they say. They argue that the whole point to this school was to keep selling students increasingly expensive seminars. First, there was a free introductory course where students were told they could make tens of thousands of dollars in just a couple of months using Trump's investment techniques.","But to learn those, they had to sign up for another seminar that cost about 1,500 bucks. And at that seminar, they were sold another course that cost as much as $35,000. They claim that students were encouraged to go into credit-card debt and even cash out their 401(k)s to pay for these top-level courses.","The settlement was reached. Well, one of these suits was about to go to trial on Monday, wasn't it?","Yeah, it was, though attorneys for Trump wanted it delayed because he was too busy with the transition. But, clearly, his schedule wasn't going to get any easier once he became president. So the judge in the case was urging both sides to settle."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the settlement in the lawsuit had already been reached. However, the actual meaning is that the settlement was being discussed and was close to being reached.","questions":"What was the reason for the judge urging both sides to settle?","answer":"settle"}
{"text":["Do you ever get parents who say, well I don't really like the way you're approaching this, I don't believe that that the way you're approaching this is the best way for my child?Even if they brought their kids or they've had their kids kind of come on a field trip.","We've had very few people who have said that. We have people who have left suggestions of how we can do things better, which we really want. But the focus groups that we conducted with parents before - as we were putting this exhibit together at school sites around the country, it was very clear. They were hungry for us to do something that would allow them to help explain to their children why people look different, what the concept of race is and more importantly, how people of all different backgrounds can get along in the school site.","Give me a very concrete example of something that you have in the exhibit. Describe to us one thing.","We have a wheel, color wheel, and we ask students to find their color on the color wheel. And this is the place where we talk about the history of skin color and why people have different skin color. And it has a lot to do with how humans migrated out of Africa over the, you know, past 20,000, 50,000 years. Anyway, they find themselves, and then they look at ranges of people from around the world who look like them. And it's a big a-ha moment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The exhibit helps students realize people of different races can get along.","questions":"What concept does the color wheel in the exhibit explain?","answer":"Inclusivity"}
{"text":["I was making decisions in my life that went against everything that I was raised to believe. And. . .","Like what?What kind of decisions?","Specifically religion - the religion that I was raised in. And I was disagreeing with it heavily. It was my whole world and everything that I was taught.","Did they understand?Even though it was painful, did they understand why you had to make that decision to break away?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Whole world\" is an exagerraiton, most likely. It means that religion was a huge force in her younger life.","questions":"How was religion in PersonA's life when she was younger?","answer":"Heavily"}
{"text":["There's lots of things, one that says who you are speak so loudly I can't hear what you say. Or St.  Thomas Aquinas who said everywhere you go preach the gospel, but only sometimes use words. Or even Ghandi who said be the change you want to see in the world. I just want to live my values the best that I can, and if I want to be a leader I want to lead more by example than just my words. So our biggest issue is public safety so I'm very lucky to have some great detectives who are with me all the time, and you know they are going to be with me, and they are cops, let me take them out with me in the middle of the night into our streets where the residents, I think, want me to be.","Well, Mayor Booker so glad you could talk again. Thank you.","Thank you so much, all the best.","That was Cory Booker, elected Mayor of Newark, New Jersey in 2006."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Mayor Booker prioritizes actions over words as a leader.","questions":"How does Mayor Booker want to lead?","answer":"Actions."}
{"text":["Yes - beat me with a rifle - butt of a rifle.","Calvin Woods was also prosecuted for preaching against segregation. It was the law then.","I was speaking out against segregated buses. I was guilty of that and told them that they pay their money to sit down where there's a seat. And you don't have to get up, give anybody your seat unless that's what you want to do. So I was arrested, sentenced to six months hard labor and fined $500.","Calvin Woods and hundreds more in Birmingham were American heroes. But he says he'd like his children and his 60-some grandchildren to know it is always right to do right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Standing up for what is right even if it goes against the law.","questions":"How was PersonA's behavior towards segregation?","answer":"Guilty"}
{"text":["Like we have a song together called, \"You Think You Got It Bad. \"And what I do is, you know, we'll play the track. Then we'll ask him what do he think it needs?And he goes in the studio and do it. You know, it's never something like boy, you can write something for somebody else. You just have to leave everybody creatively open and just hope that it'll all work out.","(Singing) Everything happens for a reason. . .","Now, one of your collaborators, T. I. , was just sentenced to jail on weapons charges. He's, you know, hasn't started serving, yet. But you spent some time in jail yourself. And do you have any advice for someone like T. I. on how to deal with doing time?","Yeah. I think, you know, it is an opportunity. I mean, it's kind of a sad opportunity. I hate to, you know, get an opportunity to have a lot of time with yourself like that. But seeing as if you do, you have the ability to focus on something completely. You have no other outside circumstances that just need your attention like that. You know, he could, you know, write songs. He could find the cure to cancer. He could do anything, man."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"what do he think it needs?\" - The actual meaning is \"what does he think it needs?\" The use of \"do\" instead of \"does\" is not grammatically correct, but it is a common feature of some dialects of English.","questions":"What does PersonB suggest T.I. could find during his time in jail?","answer":"Cure"}
{"text":["The European soccer championships are being played in France right now, but events in the stands among fans are also making news. European soccer's governing body has given the Russian team a suspended disqualification and a fine of 150,000 euros for the behavior of dozens of Russian fans who've clashed with supporters of other teams. A number of Russian fans have also been arrested and deported from France.","Marc Bennetts is a journalist who's based in Moscow. And he spent time with Russian fans. He's the author of \"Football Dynamo: Modern Russia And The People's Game. \"He joins us over Skype from Moscow. Thanks so much for being with us.","No problem.","Aren't the British the original soccer hooligans?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : not a literal meaning but rather a rhetorical question.","questions":"How is turn 3 best described?","answer":"Rhetorical"}
{"text":["Oh, yes. You know, capitalism evolved into the Wild, Wild West form of capitalism in which regulation was relatively lax, I mean, which leverage in borrowing produced the combined phenomena where, you know, everyone assumed that prices of everything would always go up and never go down. Witness the phenomena with housing prices.","Now, all of that's changed. We've understood that there's a need for regulation, for control in terms of lending, and for an assumption of reduced expectations in terms of return. And so, yeah, capitalism as defined over the past 10 or 20 years, in which prices only went down for a year or two, and then they snapped back up and reached for accelerated and new highs, those days are disappearing quickly.","Bill Gross is Managing Director of Pacific Investment Management Company, which has more than $720 billion of investments. Bill, thank you.","Thank you very much, Alex."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The days of capitalism defined by constantly increasing prices and reaching new highs are disappearing quickly.","questions":"Which form of capitalism is disappearing quickly?","answer":"Capitalism"}
{"text":["That's where he sees himself as a character through a hole in his room.","I imagined a hole in a wall at the Good Inn where Soldier Boy perceives light and sound coming through this tiny pinhole. Imagine a camera obscura. And as he begins to investigate, he sees not only his own doppelganger, but other people that he recognizes in essentially the same place that he is - an inn, a bedroom, a man, a woman.","The only difference is that there are other people there, people at a tripod, for example, and a camera. And so he is actually seeing the first porn film ever being made, but it's in a parallel universe, if you will. He's attracted to the situation or intrigued by it enough because he's seeing himself and through a little whole in the wall. It doesn't make sense.","Yeah."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3).  In this turn, the speaker is describing a surreal and improbable scenario where the character is watching the first porn film ever made through a hole in his room. The implied meaning is that the scenario is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as a metaphor or symbol for the character's desires or curiosities. The use of the parallel universe concept emphasizes the idea that this scenario is not real or tangible, but rather a projection of the character's subconscious.(3).  In this turn, the speaker is describing a surreal and improbable scenario where the character is watching the first porn film ever made through a hole in his room. The implied meaning is that the scenario is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as a metaphor or symbol for the character's desires or curiosities. The use of the parallel universe concept emphasizes the idea that this scenario is not real or tangible, but rather a projection of the character's subconscious.","questions":"Which scenario is described as a metaphor for the character's desires or curiosities?","answer":"Scenario"}
{"text":["Well, I think every writer hopes to bring information to a reader or a viewer. Every artist wants to reach another person through the heart. Something that a novel can do is bring you information in a different way from journalism or all other forms of acquiring information. It brings you inside the mind of another person. So it creates empathy for the theoretical stranger, and that's - it's a fresh avenue, really, for bringing science to a reader, to get to the head via the heart.","Do you have science - we have 30 seconds left. But will we see science in your next book?","Absolutely.","Well, I look forward to it. Thank you for joining us today."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : thank you for joining us means thank you for being here","questions":"What does PersonA believe a novel can do differently from journalism or other forms of acquiring information?","answer":"Empathy"}
{"text":["It occurred on August 1st, in the late hours of the morning. One Serbian fell, and another (unintelligible) porter fell as well trying to rescue him, and that was the beginning of the fatalities. However, the serac fall, which stranded most of the climbers, didn't occur until quite late in the evening on August 1st.","A serac is a big column of ice, a big sheet of ice. And it fell off the mountain, and that complicated things for a lot of people. What were conditions like?","The weather was completely calm, very cold and clear, which is normal. No wind and as the day began to - as the sun began to rise, the weather was actually better than we could have hoped for. But, of course, things changed. The wind began to pick up the next day as people were stranded, and that complicated the rescue effort.","You were attempting to summit on that day, weren't you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"and that complicated the rescue effort.\" - The implied meaning here is that the wind made the rescue effort more difficult, rather than just causing complications.","questions":"Which element complicated the rescue effort?","answer":"Rescue"}
{"text":["So alphabetically, Jeb Bush, Ben Carson, Hillary Clinton, Martin O'Malley, Bernie Sanders, who'd you like?","You know, I liked the fact that they all came. The important thing for the Urban League was that each of these five candidates accepted our invitation, came, and I think offered a serious perspective from their own point of view. They came in here. They talked about race. They talked about economics. They talked about the criminal justice system. They talked about cities. These issues don't get discussed on the main stage in many, many political debates and discussions. And so why we wanted them here, so they could talk about equality, talk about opportunity, develop those ideas in a way that will not, and - or, I should say, historically has not happened in this campaign up until this point.","Mr.  Morial, another unarmed black man was killed by an officer in Cincinnati. I wonder if you have some ideas you want to bring to our attention about how to try to repair a shattered relationship between black citizens and police.","It's an American tragedy of untold proportions, particularly as we've seen it play out in the last two years. Our ten-point justice plan recommended that body cameras and dash cameras be mandatory for all law enforcement all the way across the country. But we also believe that more must be done when it comes to police officer hiring, police officer training, and police officer accountability. The community wants to and must trust its police if they're going to be allies is in what we all want, and that is safer communities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Mr. Morial wants to know what ideas would help bridge the gap between black citizens and police officers.","questions":"How did Mr. Morial inquire about repairing the relationship between black citizens and police?","answer":"Ideas"}
{"text":["Well, you know, Lula to his supporters is an Abe Lincoln-type figure. He is the face of the working class that accomplished something. I mean, he was Brazil's first president who came from poverty. He ran for president three times and lost. And then when he finally got in, he had in some respects the good fortune of presiding over a commodities boom. And therefore, 30 million Brazilians came out of poverty and into the middle class during his presidency from 2003 to 2010. Since then, as you know, things have fallen apart. And he had a role in that, a role in the economic mismanagement but also a role in the corrupt ways of doing business in politics.","Remind us what exactly he's being accused of.","Well, Lula has five sets of corruption charges against him. And this one that he was sentenced for recently was - it involves a beachfront apartment that he was allegedly given access to with his family in return for considerations on a - what amounted to a government contract.","And it's part of, of course, a wider corruption scandal that has been uncovered that's really rocking Brazil at the moment. Tell us a little bit about the context in which this is happening."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"a wider corruption scandal that has been uncovered that's really rocking Brazil at the moment\" - the literal meaning is that there is a scandal involving corruption that is causing instability in Brazil. The actual meaning is that the corruption scandal has had a significant impact on Brazilian politics and society.","questions":"What impact has the corruption scandal had on Brazilian politics and society?","answer":"Instability."}
{"text":["This is News and Notes. I'm Tony Cox. According to the American Medical Association, addiction is the most untreated treatable disease in America. It doesn't discriminate, affecting people without regard to race, sex, or economic status. And many addicts manage to function everyday without others knowing who they are. But how do they do it?Today, we continue our series on addiction with a look at functioning addicts. We're joined by Ed Storti, the author of several books and a certified alcohol and drug counselor and intervention specialist. Ed, welcome to News and Notes.","Thank you, Tony.","Let's begin with this. Give us an example of what a functioning addict is?","I think the functioning addict is one that's out there, they're on the freeway, they're going to work, they're trying to do the right thing, but ultimately, they're living in fear, they're living in emotional turmoil. Many find a way to sedate their feelings sometimes at night or early in the morning. But overall, they're still pulling it off. Meaning, folks haven't caught on or it takes for some folks, years and years. Personally, my youngest patient has been 12 years of age. My oldest patient has been 94 years of age. And I was just working with a group of people that the family said we need to intervene on this 82-year-old female. And I said when did you start noticing problems and issues with her and they said, well when she was about 41 years of age."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Functioning addicts hide their addiction while carrying on with daily life.","questions":"What is the most untreated treatable disease in America according to the American Medical Association?","answer":"addiction"}
{"text":["It doesn't want to concede to American pressure because it fears that if it concedes under pressure, that's going to project weakness and invite even more pressure. And so for that reason, you've seen, rather than Iran capitulating or compromising, they've begun escalating. But I think the endgame for both sides is - there's really no alternative to coming back to the negotiating table.","And there has been a string of headlines from the region involving Iran in recent weeks. This incident with the British tanker, of course, comes right after the U. S.  says it brought down an Iranian drone. Of course, Iran disputes that version of events. How connected are these events?","They're all interconnected. And essentially, the Trump administration's policy toward Iran has been to subject Iran to significant economic pressure and sanctions in the hopes that either Iran will come to the negotiating table and capitulate over its nuclear program or - I think there's some folks in the Trump administration, like national security adviser John Bolton, who would like to see the implosion of the Iranian regime.","And what Iran has done in response - Iran's supreme leader has been ruling for 30 years, and he's become pretty adept at these escalatory cycles. And he's adept at waving both the white flag of diplomacy and the black flag of radicalism and escalation. So on one hand, he sent his chief diplomat - Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif - he was recently in New York City, and he met with a lot of Western journalists. And he was talking about Iran wanting to pursue dialogue and diplomacy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is no actual table, just the hope that Iran will negotiate with them.","questions":"Which hope?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["This is an email. We've asked other songwriters to email us and say how much of themselves and their lives do they put in into their lyrics. This is from Luli(ph). I hope I'm pronouncing that correctly. I have always put my own experiences in my music combined with experiences and emotions I interpret from those around me. One challenge has always been with significant others looking too deeply into my music if, for example, the song is sad or about love. A risk that somebody is going to misinterpret something.","Well, as Eudora Welty so beautifully put it, all serious steering comes from within. So, you know, I think that you can't have your art and not take risks.","And this one is from Mary: My husband passed two years ago at the age of 50. I lost all desire to play, as well as creativity. Only recently have I rediscovered how to put my emotion into my music. My life is definitely reflected in my music. Thank you to all singer-songwriters for giving us a channel through your lives.","How long after these events - obviously, your father passed last year, so not that long before you went into production for this album.","No. I have been writing these songs that became this record for the last few years. And then after dad died, I had a few more songs to write, as you can imagine. And then I went into a studio this past January and recorded the album."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The songwriter wrote songs about their father's death","questions":"How did the songwriter's personal experience influence their music?","answer":"Death"}
{"text":["An investigation by the U. S.  Park Police and the FBI found that Mr.  Foster committed suicide. We turn now to Joe Klein. He's a political columnist for Time magazine and, of course, author of \"Primary Colors,\" the 1996 bestseller that featured a charming, philandering rogue of a southern governor and his proud, smart and oft humiliated wife - wonder what inspired that. Is Bill Clinton's personal history a legitimate campaign issue?","No, I don't think so. I mean, we've been through this time and time and time and time again. And there's so many legitimate campaign issues out there. I think that it's kind of a way for Donald Trump to steal a new cycle, as they say these days. I do think that there's an interesting debate going on within the Democratic Party about Bill Clinton's substance of record in the '90s. But that's a different thing.","Tactically, do you see it as a wise campaign issue on Trump's part?","I think people are going to get tired of it. You know, this sort of stuff worked in the Republican primaries. I think that people are entertained by his antics. It remains to be seen whether people are going to vote on him. I mean, you have to understand that we've never seen a candidate like Donald Trump before."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Donald Trump's use of Bill Clinton's personal history to distract from legitimate campaign issues is not an effective strategy","questions":"Which strategy does turn 1 suggest is ineffective for Donald Trump?","answer":"Distract"}
{"text":["The biggest thing that's happened in the last 50 years is a lot of mechanization that has been aimed at trying to save labor for farmers. At the same time, farm operations have gotten bigger. You can do more with this high-tech equipment and do it with fewer people. What that means when you have fewer people on the farm is that you have less need for all the things that you need when you have a community. You don't need as many doctors and nurses. You don't need as many schoolteachers. And we're now reaching a point where the farmers who have remained on the land are quite isolated and often face long trips just to get to any place where there might be a school or there might be some sort of cultural activity. And it leaves them relatively separated from the national conversation, even as the politics of the country and of the world directly bear on their lives.","How does that impact them and their views on the rest of the country?","I think one of the things that has certainly happened is that when you lose your population, when the towns start to die, you lose your local newspaper. For the towns that were large enough, you lose your local radio station. So now the way that the news arrives to farming communities is through AM radio, which is often conservative talk radio. And it arrives via television and the Internet. And that means that those local issues get less coverage, and they make it into the national conversation less. But it also means that all of the polarization of our current political moment has made it all the way down to these tiny communities.","And how is that played out?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Polarization of national politics affects even the smallest farming communities","questions":"Which communities are affected by the polarization of national politics?","answer":"Smallest"}
{"text":["And taking off on those trade negotiations, this week's economic news was mixed. Economists, as they usually are, are divided about what might be ahead. But it's fair to say that they threw up some cautionary signals, didn't they?","You know, Saturday morning is probably not the best time to talk inverted yield curves, Scott. But. . .","That's why we're here, Ron.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The economists spoke up and said that people should take caution in their finances.","questions":"Which signals?","answer":"Caution."}
{"text":["Why?You know, if you've screw it up, what?You, like, lost 99 cents or $5?I mean, that's money. I'm not saying that that's not important, but God, when I use the cooking - when I lived in New York, it's like, if I screwed up, it was $30 down the drain.","Many of Christiane's recipes come from her own imagination. Others are adaptations from culinary classics like the \"Joy of Cooking\" and \"The Moosewood Cookbook. \"She says she realizes the low-budget nature of her book may not be appetizing to all palates. The 99-cent price tag does have a bit of a stigma.","I feel the same way sometimes. I'm a snob. I'll admit it. And so, you know, sometimes if I cook it, I'm like, oh, I'm pulling the ham out of the can. I don't know.","And maybe it's the ham, maybe it's not."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is saying that money is important, but not as important as the enjoyment of cooking.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the price tag of the book?","answer":"Enjoyment"}
{"text":["They had psychiatrists on call, they had access to medication and ability to control that population or to deal with that population. They had psychiatrists on call, they had access to medication and ability to control that population or to deal with that population. If you are in a smaller place, you may not have that and you do not have that access, and there's more warehousing and restrictive methods going on because they don't have any other way to deal with them. If you are in a smaller place, you may not have that and you do not have that access, and there's more warehousing and restrictive methods going on because they don't have any other way to deal with them.","So really it depends on where you are, what kind of law that you've violated in order to determine how well the institution where you are is able to deal with whatever difficulty you have. So really it depends on where you are, what kind of law that you've violated in order to determine how well the institution where you are is able to deal with whatever difficulty you have.","Well, Judge Lynn Toler, it's always great to have you on. Well, Judge Lynn Toler, it's always great to have you on. Thanks so much. Thanks so much.","Always good to be here. Always good to be here."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : because the speaker said always good to be here","questions":"What does the speaker feel about being on the show?","answer":"Feel"}
{"text":["Yeah. So when Governor Richardson in 1994 - he was a young congressman, and he was in North Korea for his first visit. At that time, a helicopter was shot down by North Korea, and two American pilots were taken. One was killed upon the impact, and the other one was alive. And Governor Richardson stayed there on assignment by President Clinton to negotiate for two weeks.","And when he got the pilots back, he got an invoice. And that invoice included a lot of legitimate things - hotels, meals, transportation, fuel - and one line about ammunition. And the governor asked the North Koreans, what is this about?And they said, well, somebody needs to pay for the bullets we used to shoot down the helicopter.","So it's - again, it's not unique. And I have to say, we all followed last summer the return of American servicemen. We've been involved - the governor has been involved in this effort. We're currently involved in more of these. The North Koreans charge for those as well.","How are those payments understood in diplomatic terms?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The North Koreans are trying to make the US pay for the cost of shooting down the helicopter and for other services provided during negotiations and efforts to return American servicemen","questions":"How did North Koreans charge the US for shooting down the helicopter?","answer":"Ammunition"}
{"text":["I think it had to because of the workers and the communities where you had all of these plants. But because it became a 60-percent owner - the U. S.  government owns 60 percent of General Motors as a result of the bankruptcy - they could have straightened that company out, but they were completely hands-off with the post-bankruptcy management. In retrospect, they had to save General Motors. But they could've laid down tougher conditions.","What do you think about when you see some of the accounts in recent weeks about General Motors concealing what seems to have been a major problem which led to injury and death?","Eternal vigilance of the regulator is required. And the auto safety agency fell down on the job. It's just that simple. I think now we're going to get stronger legislation as a result of the GM debacle. A lot of good will come from it, unfortunately because of these fatalities.","Ralph Nader. His new book \"Unstoppable: The Emerging Left-Right Alliance To Dismantle The Corporate State. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies that the speaker is expressing gratitude for the other person's time and attention.","questions":"What emotion is the speaker conveying with their statement in turn 3?","answer":"Gratitude"}
{"text":["What does it mean to put your hat in someone's ring?Does it mean that you are, for example, trying to lead your constituents that you're trying to lead other people, who are a part of the Congressional Black Caucus or part of Congress?What exactly does you putting your chips on the table mean?","For the past 20-something years, I have been putting out a sample ballot. And if people don't get it at the time that they think they should, my office is inundated with calls. You know, through the media, through your sample ballot operation, I let people know what's on my mind. And I try and let them know why I'm doing what I'm doing and then they make their decision.","Congresswoman, I've had a chance to come to your offices in South Los Angeles and you have a multi-racial coalition of staffers - black, white, Asian\u2026","That's right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Putting your hat in someone's ring\" is a figurative expression that means expressing interest in joining or supporting someone's cause or campaign. The literal meaning of putting a hat in a ring does not convey this sense.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of \"putting your hat in someone's ring\"?","answer":"Expression"}
{"text":["Yeah, it was. And you know, people did everything from bringing full-on sleeping bags to wearing what looked like, you know, fall clothes for a stroll in the park. People had very different strategies about what they were going to bring. They had very different understandings of what the security lines would let them bring in. There were huge piles of debris afterwards from things people couldn't bring onto the Mall. You know, it was organized chaos. I mean, it went off really smoothly considering, but there was certainly moments where people didn't completely know what to do, but there was no one who I've heard of who had a bad time. The only time that things are bad here is when you're trying to catch a taxi because there aren't any.","Well, you know, Metro police said there were no arrests, at least initially, as a result of all those people being there, which is remarkable in and of itself. You could have that large a crowd and everyone be that well behaved.","People were amazing. I saw these young brothers last night, and they were like, where's the Mall?And this is one o'clock in the morning. And I went, oh, there's not going to be any parking over there. They're like, we just drove from Chicago. Where's the Mall?I was like, that way. So, people just brought their A-game.","All right. Farai, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite the chaos, people had a good time at the event.","questions":"How did people feel during the event?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely. Liberia is absolutely ripe for tourism from the standpoint of eco-tourism. It's a beautiful country. It has a huge long coastline. It's right on the equator, so it's very lush and green. And that's why we're on the beach as well, to give that feeling of a vacation as well as the tourism opportunity.","What about security?What measures are you taking?","Well, more and more every day, Liberia, including downtown Monrovia and the countryside, is becoming more and more secure as President Sirleaf begins to rebuild the infrastructure. But as far as the hotel, the hotel is a walled-off facility with security guards and one place that people can absolutely feel secure. I have no doubt that people in this property will feel secure, whether they're in their room or whether they take a stroll from their room out to the beach pool or the beach bar. It's a property that will be very attractive, and people can go there confident that they and their property will be secure.","President Sirleaf is expected to host some of the first guests who come to the hotel. And what's your relationship like with her?It seems as if you've cultivated a really good relationship that has allowed you and inspired you to do this project."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A good relationship with President Sirleaf helped inspire the project","questions":"What inspired the project?","answer":"relationship"}
{"text":["Earlier this week, Deacon White was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame. And yes, we know, you've never heard of him. White's career began in 1871, at the dawn of professional baseball. He played catcher in the days when catchers use no equipment at all: no glove, no pads, no facemask. They became heroes celebrated for their courage and their wits, and Deacon White stood out as one of the best.","Baseball historian Peter Morris serves on what used to be called the Veteran's Committee at Cooperstown. It's now called the Pre-Integration Era Committee. He's also the author of \"Catcher: How the Man Behind the Plate Became an American Folk Hero\" and joins us now from the studios at Michigan Radio in Ann Arbor. Good to have you with us today.","My pleasure to be here, Neal.","And in your book, you argue that the generation that came of age after the Civil War looked around for some heroes and found them behind home plate."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Hall of Fame implies a recognition of being a noble and outstanding ","questions":"How was Deacon White recognized by the Baseball Hall of Fame?","answer":"Catcher"}
{"text":["Pat and Gina are fun, folksy and family oriented. Pat started our chat by telling me how it all got started.","First of all, I was 23 years of age, and I always felt like, even back then, that the best thing I had going for me was my age, and the worst thing I had going for me was my age. Because I was young enough to make mistakes, yet, at the same time, I was going to be young enough to recover from them.","So, you know, it was a very, very gutsy move because he and I, we didn't have a quarter. And I'm sure you're saying, well, how did you open up a restaurant without any money?Well, my grandmother, who was in her 90s, was gracious enough and had enough faith and confidence in us to use her house as collateral, and we took out a small 20,000 dollar loan, opened up a 2,000-square-foot restaurant in 1988.","And, the first day we opened, we were dead broke. We didn't have a cash register. There were so many things that we didn't have that I wouldn't dare try to open up a restaurant in today's time without. But in less than the two years - we leased the building for two years - in two years, not only had we paid my grandmother her money back, but we had saved 40,000 dollars. And we took that money and used it as a down payment and purchased our first restaurant."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Using \"dead broke\" to mean completely out of money is a non-literal meaning.","questions":"Which phrase did PersonA use to describe their financial situation on the first day of opening their restaurant?","answer":"dead"}
{"text":["But we can also use technology to, you know, warn providers when they're entering orders, for instance. If I'm supposed to be in Mr.  James Smith and entering a complex chemotherapy order, for instance, I'd get an alert saying, are you sure?","Because there was another, you know, Mr.  James Smith on the same ward in the hospital. Are you sure you're entering orders on the right Mr.  James Smith, you know, for instance?","Anything a patient can do to protect him or herself?","With electronic health records has come in a layer of additional transparency for the health care system where patients can access more information electronically than they could ever do before."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The alert is suggesting that the provider should double-check to make sure they are entering the orders for the correct patient.","questions":"Which patient's name is mentioned as an example in the alert?","answer":"James"}
{"text":["That will vary tremendously among fields, but the simple story is, it'll take awhile. So, even the most wildly optimistic assessment would say that, even if we started drilling now, we won't really see any oil for five years. So, the U. S.  Geological Survey looked at, for example, the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, and even if we started drilling today, we wouldn't really start to produce significant quantities of oil for a decade.","Robert, I know you're familiar with the ongoing debate about energy resources in this country. What we should do?Drill now?Don't drill now?You're a nonpartisan. You're a scientist. How do you view this argument between, really, the Republicans and the Democrats?","You know, the question for this country, for policy is, how will we ensure that we have energy over the next 20 years?To do that, we have a finite amount of capital that we can invest in the energy industry. It's highly unlikely that investing that money in offshore oil and gas drilling will ensure that we have sufficient supplies of energy 10 and 20 years from now. We've tried that experiment in the past. Despite all those wells drilled, domestic oil and gas production continued to decline. So, in hindsight, that money was not effectively spent.","Robert Kaufmann, director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Studies at Boston University. Robert, thank you.","Oh, you're welcome."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Drilling for oil takes a long time and won't immediately solve our energy problems.","questions":"Which question does PersonB ask Robert?","answer":"Drill"}
{"text":["First week of the season, a young boy - he has the ball over his head. He's ready to make the throw-in. And a spectator on the sideline puts her hands on the child's shoulders, spins him around so he'd be redirecting the ball to a different player. So I blew my whistle. And I said - is this your child?And she said, no, this is not my child. So I explained to her, I said, you can never, ever, ever, ever touch a player.","So this was a cry for civility, not I'm sick and tired and can't take it anymore?","That's correct. This is a cry for civility. This is a plea for everyone to join me and everyone else who believes that we can have a fun, fair and safe experience in which sanity is expressed on the sideline.","Well, it sounds that you're complaining less that your feelings were hurt than the youngsters might be getting a very bad example of what it is to be an adult."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : That's correct. This is a cry for civility. This is a plea for everyone to join me and everyone else who believes that we can have a fun, fair and safe experience in which sanity is expressed on the sideline.","questions":"How does the speaker describe their plea for civility?","answer":"Plea"}
{"text":["Cheryl, I understand there'll be a meeting there later on this afternoon. Who is expected to be there?","Well, officials of the now-closed Republic Windows and Doors are going to be there, along with union representatives, as well as representatives of Bank of America, the bank which canceled funding for this place, and Congressman Luis Gutierrez, who has been spearheading a lot of the negotiations. So that's what's going to be happening this afternoon.","NPR's Cheryl Corley speaking to us from the Republic Windows and Doors factory in Chicago. Thank you, Cheryl.","You're quite welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : spearheading refers to leading  or to initiates an activity such as the negotiations ","questions":"Which congressman played a crucial role in negotiations at the Republic Windows and Doors factory?","answer":"Luis"}
{"text":["What is that called again?Just remind me.","It's called \"Pieces Of Her,\" by Karin Slaughter. But if you're waiting for the next book like that that's coming out, the hottest off the press, I would recommend \"Bunny\" by Mona Awad, which is also very funny and very sharp and an extremely readable page-turner, which is coming out in June.","I also think about summer reading as escapism fiction. You know, you want to go to another world or back in time or fantasy novels. What about that?","So for, you know, people who are, like, maybe missing \"Game Of Thrones\". . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"the hottest off the press\" implies the most popular being newly printed.","questions":"Which book is \"the hottest off the press\"?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["So alphabetically, Jeb Bush, Ben Carson, Hillary Clinton, Martin O'Malley, Bernie Sanders, who'd you like?","You know, I liked the fact that they all came. The important thing for the Urban League was that each of these five candidates accepted our invitation, came, and I think offered a serious perspective from their own point of view. They came in here. They talked about race. They talked about economics. They talked about the criminal justice system. They talked about cities. These issues don't get discussed on the main stage in many, many political debates and discussions. And so why we wanted them here, so they could talk about equality, talk about opportunity, develop those ideas in a way that will not, and - or, I should say, historically has not happened in this campaign up until this point.","Mr.  Morial, another unarmed black man was killed by an officer in Cincinnati. I wonder if you have some ideas you want to bring to our attention about how to try to repair a shattered relationship between black citizens and police.","It's an American tragedy of untold proportions, particularly as we've seen it play out in the last two years. Our ten-point justice plan recommended that body cameras and dash cameras be mandatory for all law enforcement all the way across the country. But we also believe that more must be done when it comes to police officer hiring, police officer training, and police officer accountability. The community wants to and must trust its police if they're going to be allies is in what we all want, and that is safer communities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Urban League was interested in how the candidates would address issues of race, economics, criminal justice, and cities. ","questions":"Which organization was interested in the candidates' perspective on race, economics, criminal justice, and cities?","answer":"Urban"}
{"text":["Exactly.","OK.  Go on. So after two weeks, what happens?","Well, she defies the ban. And as she was docking in the port, the ship rammed a small police boat that was blocking her - caused some damage, but no injuries. But she was arrested, and she was charged with what prosecutors actually claim was an act of war. Rackete also faces charge of abetting illegal immigration, and the NGO could face a fine of up to $57,000.","What does she say - the captain?Does she say, I was just - I needed to dock the ship?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"could face\" a fine of up to $57,000 implies could be presented with a fine of up to $57,000","questions":"What is the maximum fine the NGO could face?","answer":"$57,000"}
{"text":[". . . Does her story intersect with KBR Halliburton's?","I mean, you know, there was a group of human rights lawyers here in the United States who heard about this case, who read my work more than a decade ago. And three very idealistic young human rights lawyers, one of them had been a Peace Corps volunteer in Nepal. And, you know, they took up this case. This was really the dawn of the era of modern-day slavery and international human trafficking. And the U. S.  government had fueled it with our own tax dollars.","What were these human rights lawyers trying to prove against KBR?","Well, they were trying to prove their culpability. First, they just needed to prove that these men were in KBR supply chain in order to get U. S.  government compensation for them, which took two years. And the key witness, you know, they needed the families. They represented the families, then, in a human trafficking civil action that they brought, hoping to end this practice in the U. S.  military and also hoping to get some justice for the - for Kamala and the other victims."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The human rights lawyers took up the case to end human trafficking and modern-day slavery.","questions":"Which issue did the human rights lawyers address?","answer":"a"}
{"text":["(Laughter) Well, punctuation cooking may be a bit different, but I call it a great deal of those dishes where people have little bottle and they do little dots and the little comma and question mark all around.","(Laughter).","And basically, there (laughter) is no sauce to dip your bread in. You don't really know what those things have to do with the food. When I cook, I like people to be able to identify the food. I like people to feel comfortable. I want people to look at my food and start salivating and starting thinking of a marriage of that food with a certain type of wine and so forth. But in molecular cuisine, this is fine. I mean, up to a certain extent - a meal or two this way, but after a while, I just want to go out and have a taco and a beer (laughter).","(Laughter) As I was reading your book, you know, Julia Child - your friend and co-conspirator of many years - was famous for telling us, remember, nobody sees you in the kitchen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) In turn (1), the speaker is talking about a type of cooking where punctuation marks are used to decorate dishes. The implied meaning is that this type of cooking is different from traditional cooking methods, and it may not be appealing to everyone.","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion on molecular cuisine in turn (2)?","answer":"Opinion"}
{"text":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning different from the literal meaning is:  \"We're getting a tweet from President Trump... But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?\"  The literal meaning of this statement is that President Trump tweeted about calling Chuck Schumer and his concerns about the broken state of Obamacare. However, the implied meaning is that the president's use of Twitter to discuss important matters like healthcare policy is unorthodox and lacks the seriousness or deliberation that is typically expected in political discourse.","questions":"How did the tweet from President Trump come across to the public?","answer":"Unorthodox"}
{"text":["Well, there is actually a pretty good and well-established hypothesis about what actually happened 1300 years ago. There was giant lake of fresh water that spilled into the North Atlantic - this was sort of leftover water from the last ice age - and all this water affected the ocean circulation in the North Atlantic and stopped a conveyor belt of both water and air that was bringing warm air up from the equatorial regions to higher latitudes. And that's been the leading hypothesis for what caused this event, which is called the Younger Dryas. And so, somehow or other, they would have to figure out how the comet impact\/collision event would fit in with this pretty well-established idea that there was this huge burst of fresh, cold water that went into the North Atlantic.","So, how will all this get sorted out?","Well, more data are needed, I think, is what scientists are fond of saying, and this is certainly a case where that is true.","NPR science correspondent, Richard Harris, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Scientists need more data to confirm their hypotheses.","questions":"What do scientists need to confirm their hypotheses?","answer":"More"}
{"text":[". . . and you put your own video together out of this.","Right. So he has this whole collection of different embryos at different stages, and they - you measure age of embryo based - its postovulatory age. So it's very hard to tell exactly when the embryo was conceived, but you can kind of estimate based on ovulation. And so you look and you can see after 28 days what it looks like, after 42 days. And he's put together, actually, these sort of amazing time lapses so you can watch these changes over time.","And in talking to Smith, he's really thought a lot about what - why we have such a strong reaction to looking at embryos, and he's found this firsthand. I mean, and he gets emails all the time and sort of unpacks these questions, like, you know, is it - when you look at these pictures, does it strike you as more human or less human than you would have imagined, he asks. This is what he asked audience when he shows them. What is your experience with seeing these pictures in the past?You know, he said imagine 300 or 400 years ago, would - how would people imagine what an embryo is?This is a technologically. . .","Yeah. Yeah."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies that the interlocutor agrees with the previous statement and is encouraging the speaker to continue talking.","questions":"What question does Smith ask the audience when he shows them pictures of embryos?","answer":"Human"}
{"text":["When you say muscle through an agenda, the implication is they've got to twist arms in their own party?","Well, I think the Republican Party is going through change. The more populous, working-class element of the Republican Party is on the ascent. And the tectonic plates within both parties, frankly, are changing as both parties are becoming more tribalized. As you see on the Democratic side, Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders have a significant and outsized voice in their party just as the House Freedom Caucus and the more populous, working-class wing on the Republican side have an outsized voice.","Ken Spain was managing director of communications at Koch Industries. He's now a partner at the CGCN consultant group. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The literal meaning of the first turn is that the speaker is asking the other person to explain what they mean by the phrase \"muscle through an agenda\". The implication, however, is that the speaker is suggesting that the people in their own party must use coercion (twisting arms) to get their agenda passed.","questions":"What is the implication of the phrase \"muscle through an agenda\" according to B?","answer":"Twisting"}
{"text":["To the outside world, your mother, a progressive voice, but what was going on inside the family?","My mother was dealing with a lot of what black women were dealing with in Jackson, Miss. So from the outside, it looked like she was doing really well. She was on television - local television - doing political prognostication. She was in an abusive relationship. She did not make much money. She was dealing with what I would call, like, the shards of abuse. And, you know, when I was around 9 or 10, she started to whip me when I didn't do right. And she would always say she was whipping me because what I would face from police or white people would be even harsher.","And those beatings just I think started to get progressively worse, and I think that the beatings my mother was taking from life, from our town, from her partner, also started to get progressively worse. And I think the scariest part about it looking back is that we just didn't know how to talk about any of it. We didn't know how to talk about what we were doing to one another, and we didn't really know how to talk about what the world and our state was doing to us.","As the very title suggests, that the cost of trauma, including, for example, the beatings you endured from your mother, the beatings that she endured, all of that takes a toll on our bodies. What happened to you?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite looking successful, my mother was dealing with abuse and financial struggles.","questions":"What was the reason for PersonA's mother's beatings?","answer":"Harshness"}
{"text":["He does seem more comfortable making deals with his fellow New Yorker Chuck Schumer than he does Mitch McConnell and Paul Ryan. But Republicans in Congress almost shrugged this off this week. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell said, in his own dry way, we look forward to seeing the president's own legislative proposal. But this also does seem to be the first time in this tentative deal on the DREAMers that Donald Trump did something that could possibly alienate his base.","Well, that's a good point. I mean, what about his base?We have seen some reaction to this. What has it been?","This is splitting his base. Polls show that most Americans are sympathetic to the DREAMers. Majorities favor letting them stay, even large numbers of Republicans, but not the president's hardcore base. And we saw this week on Twitter some Trump supporters burning their Make America Great Again hats. We saw the headlines in Breitbart, the \"alt-right\" website run by his former political adviser, Steve Bannon. The headline said \"Amnesty Don. \"We're now going to find out how much of his base is what I call the Fifth Avenue voters, people who will stick with him no matter what. You know, he famously said, I could stand on Fifth Avenue and shoot someone and not lose any voters.","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Donald Trump's deal on DREAMers is not supported by his base","questions":"What did some Trump supporters burn in reaction to the tentative deal on DREAMers?","answer":"Hats"}
{"text":["I was actually wavering in the blocks. And I saw on the video that some sort of bad form. But they fired the gun and I took off and things were going OK. They weren't going great, my strides were a little bit off. But I never hit an off-leg on a hurdle. As I went around the second turn and came into the final 100 meters, I looked to my left and realized that I was right in the middle of the pack. And that really surprised me. And at that point, I figured as long as I finish, this is a success. And as I got to the very end, right before the finish line, I glanced up at the scoreboard which showed the clock running. And realized that I ended up with a pretty good time. And so I crossed the finish line. I beat my personal goal by two seconds and managed to beat one other runner in the race.","Well, that raises this question professor. You're - I mean, you're a teacher right?","Correct.","You have devoted your professional life to helping, encouraging, enriching the lives of youngsters, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The speaker is not only referring to a specific incident but also highlighting the larger issue of racism in the country and how it affects individuals on a personal level.","questions":"Which issue is the speaker highlighting?","answer":"Racism"}
{"text":["What is - let's start with this. What is your personal collection to the work and the images in this book?","Well, to me this was a labor of love. I've been living in the U. S. I came back to England. It's my homeland. I came back to London, my home city, and I felt that the culture of the young black people in particular here were suffering from a kind of deficit, historically speaking.","There were younger people in my neighborhood who were bereft of history, who took their idea of themselves from watching their kind of generic hip-hop video material that they got from the video screen rather than really inquiring into the particular history and experience of our communities in this country.","As I looked at the book, I was trying to find a theme, and I don't know if I found one or not. What was, in your view, the major trends or themes that you saw unfolding over the century that are depicted in these photographs?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"labor of love\" is a figurative expression meaning \"a task done for enjoyment or personal satisfaction, rather than for money or reward\"","questions":"What was the reason for PersonA's personal collection in the book?","answer":"Connection"}
{"text":["Well, it's unclear. But at least the Department of Health and Human Services is saying that the Affordable Care Act will stand as this works its way through courts. And the funny thing is today is the final day for. . .","Yes.",". . . Open enrollment for next year for people to get insurance. And on the website healthcare. gov, there's actually a banner that says, this decision doesn't change open enrollment for now.","What about political repercussions?","And that's a more complicated thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite the court case, people can still enroll for insurance","questions":"How can people still enroll for insurance despite the court case?","answer":"Enroll"}
{"text":["You know, I initially wasn't sure if I was going to go back after Katrina. But I think that I was so - you know, I realized, you know, that there's that whole song, \"Do You Know What It Means to Miss New Orleans?\"I didn't get it until I left after the storm and I was evacuated in Atlanta for a period of about six months. And it just started setting in that, you know, New Orleans is truly a special place. I felt like I could have a better impact if I were back in the city trying to help people. And so that drew me back to the city. I mean, it truly is an amazing place, and as far as whether or not I'll go back now, definitely. I can't see leaving New Orleans at this point. And I know some people don't understand that. They might think that's sort of silly, but it truly is a unique city. And the people are amazing. The culture is amazing, and so it's just such a hard place to stay away from.","Do you ever wonder, why us twice now?","You know, yeah, what are the chances?And it's so crazy because the anniversary of Katrina was just on August 29th, and that was - I remember evacuating on a Sunday, the storm hit on a Monday, and the same thing has kind of happened now, though I evacuated Saturday, the storm hit on Monday. So it's just very unusual.","Thena, thank you so much for sharing your story with us. Good luck to you also."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker feels a strong emotional connection to New Orlean","questions":"Which city has the speaker developed an emotional attachment to?","answer":"New-Orleans"}
{"text":["They do. The students often say things like, but I just want to fit in. I want to look like everyone else. And the people next to me aren't reading braille, so why should I?","So answer the question. Why should they?I mean, if it's easier to get along without having to rely on braille, tell me why you think it's still important. I'm just wondering if you're having a hard time making the case to parents as well as the students.","It's really not a hard sell to parents because we show them the data. We give them evidence that suggests students, when learning braille, they're more likely to get employment and have greater academic gains as while later in life.","How did you learn braille, by the way?Do you mind if I ask?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The students feel pressure to conform and not be different from their peers.","questions":"What do the students want to look like?","answer":"Fit"}
{"text":["Oh, my God.","And so I heard that, I'm like that's what this novel is supposed to be about. Basically, I worked on it for about three years.","In this 40th year anniversary, isn't it, of the fall of Saigon. . .","It is."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In this turn, the speaker is not actually stating that they heard something and then made a decision based on that information. Instead, they are using the phrase \"I'm like\" to express their thought process, which is a common colloquialism. The actual meaning of this turn is that the speaker had an idea for a novel based on something they heard, and they spent three years working on it.","questions":"How long did the speaker work on the novel?","answer":"Three"}
{"text":["Right, so I would assume we'll continue seeing kind of similar-shaped tablets, you know, a large screen, maybe one to three buttons on the face. There hasn't been a lot of design innovation on the tablet front, which is kind of disappointing, but we probably will start seeing more innovative smartphone designs in the future.","Now, when we talked before, before the trial, the analysts were saying this is really not about Samsung, it's about Google and its Android operating system. That's the shot across the bow.","Right.","How will that affect Google?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Samsung is not the main target, Google is","questions":"How is Google impacted by the statement made by PersonB in the dialogue?","answer":"Google"}
{"text":["So, 3,000 people, more than that, are on death row. Forty-two people were executed in 2007, half of them were African-Americans. What has been the breakdown racially and in terms of other demographics of people who actually, you know, go on death row or are executed?","Well, the numbers of African-Americans on death row is about 42 percent, compared to their numbers in the population at about 12 percent. So, there's a disproportionate number of African-Americans on death row. The numbers executed is a little less, about 34 percent, but still disproportionate.","However, the biggest factor in race in the death penalty is that it depends whom you kill in the murder that got you on death row. If you kill a white person, then you really have a death penalty case that's four or five times more likely that a person, white or black, will get the death penalty if they killed a white person than if they killed a black person, which is sort of putting a value on the victims' lives by color.","So basically, all crimes are not equal. That's what you're saying."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : black per person implies African American person  and not a black color human being ","questions":"How does turn 2 clarify the meaning of \"black per person\"?","answer":"AfricanAmerican"}
{"text":["Scott, there's an outside chance, but it's unlikely. And it's definitely not going to happen before the presidential election takes place. It's going to take a long time for the FBI to go through all these messages, get through all the red tape with intelligence agencies to decide what may be classified or not.","And the FBI director, James Comey, has already told Congress Hillary Clinton didn't lie to agents when she was interviewed - same for her aides. He found no efforts to obstruct justice, no desire to betray the country here. So unless something really huge emerges, it's hard to see the legal analysis changing or any criminal prosecution at all.","And Hillary Clinton had a swift response, didn't she?","Yeah, she came out in Iowa, did an impromptu news conference. She said she didn't know anything about this. She found out through media reports. She's demanding the FBI director release a lot more information and explain the facts here. Some of Clinton's close allies, including California Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein, went even stronger. She said the FBI move was appalling and that the bureau was playing into the campaign slogans of Donald Trump."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : And the FBI director, James Comey, has already told Congress Hillary Clinton didn't lie to agents when she was interviewed - same for her aides. He found no efforts to obstruct justice, no desire to betray the country here. So unless something really huge emerges, it's hard to see the legal analysis changing or any criminal prosecution at all.  Implicated meaning: Despite the FBI director's findings that Hillary Clinton and her aides did not lie or obstruct justice, the speaker implies that there may still be a possibility of uncovering significant evidence or developments that could change the legal analysis and potentially lead to criminal prosecution.","questions":"How did the FBI director describe Hillary Clinton and her aides' behavior during the interview?","answer":"Didn't"}
{"text":["You have an exchange in this book that you quote with Ed Crane, who's head of the Cato Institute. And I want you to get to talk about the substance of that, but I also - I have to begin by saying there's a part of me that's thinking, I wouldn't imagine two people less likely to be in friendly communication than Ralph Nader and Ed Crane.","Well.","But I'd be wrong.","Look what he told me. He said, Ralph, I'm against all corporate subsidies. I'm against unconstitutional wars. I oppose the Patriot Act. And I think the Federal Reserve is running amok. I said, Ed, that's a pretty good start."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of turn (3) is different from its literal meaning. The speaker, B, is expressing surprise at the idea of Ralph Nader and Ed Crane being in friendly communication, despite their ideological differences. ","questions":"Which speaker expresses surprise at the idea of Ralph Nader and Ed Crane being in friendly communication?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Hey.","Hey, Farai.","So, what are we talking about?","Well, it's a service that HuffingtonPost. com is offering. It's called Fundraece 2008. All you do is enter a street address and the site provides the names, addresses and occupations of the people who live in that area and the candidates they've backed and how much they've given them. And you can search by a person's name or by a company for instance if you want to see how political support breaks down in a place like Halliburton or Google or Bank of America. And it seems like an invasion of privacy. But all this campaign information is public and it's all on the Web. And we have a link to that site on our blog.","Wow, sounds like you can have a neighbor-to-neighbor fight. You don't even have to put the sign out in front\u2026","Exactly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The website provides personal and political information about people based on their address, which may be an invasion of privacy.","questions":"What is the name of the website mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Fundraece"}
{"text":["Why?","Because it's like they don't have an agenda. They are just naturally funny.","I see a little boy break a grown man down so bad, one time, in the mall. We was in the sunglass department. The man tried on the sunglasses, he put the glasses on, he looked down at the little boy, he said, how these look?Little boy looked at him, he said, \"They look good, now all you got to do is get your teeth fixed. \"","Kids don't have an agenda. They just say what they see and then old people they just tell the truth. So - so, you know. I live in South Florida. And where I live is a predominantly retirement community. And one day, you know, how the new - the new fashion thing is your bra strap shows. You know, you could wear like a tube top and you have a fashion bra-bra, fashionable bra one. So I'm standing in line at the post office and this old lady taps me on the shoulder, she goes, sweetheart, your bra is showing.","And I look at her like, but it's pink. So I love that. I love people that are like generally funny and just on it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Kids and old people are funny because they speak truthfully and without agenda","questions":"What do kids and old people do?","answer":"Speak"}
{"text":["Yeah, absolutely. They'll see Dragon doing a loop around the space station. It's a pretty wide loop, so Dragon will still look pretty small from the space station when it's doing that wide loop around the space station. But I mean, just to visualize things, it's like literally imagine you doing a loop around a bullet that's going 12 times faster than something that came out of an assault rifle.","Yeah.","So it's a dodgy affair.","I know. You know, when - and they first tried this in the '60s."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The loop around the space station is a dangerous maneuver","questions":"How would you describe the space station loop?","answer":"Dangerous."}
{"text":["Yeah - African-American mayor from Tallahassee.","Yes. So this is sort of a test of whether real progressive candidates can win in these sort of purplish states. And so that's going to be a really - you have a Trump ally there in Ron DeSantis. It's going to be, I think, a really close race still. Next door in Georgia, another woman trying to make history - Stacey Abrams would be the first African-American woman ever elected governor.","Right.","And that's a state that is changing. Has it changed enough?That's a really big question. And then there's sort of a handful of surprising opportunities for Democrats in the Midwest and in the Sun Belt. Nevada and Ohio - those were always sort of toss-ups. But then Democrats have real chances to flip some places - really ruby-red territory - like Kansas, South Dakota, maybe even Oklahoma."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Purplish\" states are not really colored. They refer to US states that are neither clearly Republican (red) nor Democrat (blue) in their voting..","questions":"What are \"purplish\" states?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["Perhaps Thursday night. And he had also mentioned that there - Democrats were, quote, \"trying to steal the election\" and had sort of mentioned fraud and referred the matter onto the state's version of the FBI called the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, known as the FDLE. Well, FDLE, the next day, said, hey, there's no allegation of fraud, that it - they don't even have a complaint.","So far, all of these folks are saying, on the Republican side, hey, there's fraud, it needs to be investigated, while the state investigative agency is like, we're here to investigate. Show us. And so far, there's nothing.","With 20 seconds left, why does this happen a lot in Florida?","Because that's just how we are. I think Tim Russert said Florida, Florida, Florida. Or some people call us Flori-duh (ph). And this is just part of the nature of living here and being a reporter in the Sunshine State."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"on the Republican side\" and \"investigated\" are used in a figurative sense to imply that the Republicans are making unsubstantiated claims of fraud, while the state investigative agency is seeking evidence to determine if such claims are true.","questions":"Which side is making unsubstantiated claims of fraud?","answer":"Republicans"}
{"text":["Yeah, it was a - it opens - they - a trade fair and Dismas notes that there are two adjacent booths, each offering a complete crown of thorns for sale.","(Laughter).","He thinks, you know, unfortunate placement there, you know?But these things existed.","And at one point, Dismas is told to translate the Shroud of Turin. Is that 16th century spin?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"B: And at one point, Dismas is told to translate the Shroud of Turin. Is that 16th century spin?\" - The literal meaning suggests that Dismas was asked to translate the Shroud of Turin and B is questioning whether it was an accurate translation.","questions":"Which object was Dismas asked to translate?","answer":"Shroud"}
{"text":["Yes.","Have you photographed them?Or have they been clients of yours?","Not paying clients. Yes, I have shot them at a rally in Chicago.","OK.  Not - well, not paying in the sense that you would like to have them as clients or pursue them at one point, or you just are taking pictures of them, as everyone else is doing, when they're out in public?","No, I was part of the campaign. I was heavily involved in fundraising and (unintelligible) and have gone to battleground states, signing up voters. So, yeah, I was there, part of the group, and I shot them because this is something I wanted to do. I wasn't a paid photographer of staff, but yes. Would I like to shoot them as a paid person?Absolutely.","Yeah, I'm guessing the answer to that would be yes. Are you hopeful of that opportunity still?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person took pictures of the other people at a rally in Chicago, they did not shoot them with a gun but with a camera.","questions":"What did the person shoot with in Chicago?","answer":"Camera"}
{"text":["The writer Michael Kinsley, who's a friend of this program, wrote about the surge a few months ago. Look at the numbers before the surge. Look at the numbers after the surge. This is what the Bush administration calls a success. One hundred and thirty thousand Americans in Iraq at the beginning and at the end. This country will still have about 130,000 soldiers - American soldiers in Iraq. Michael Kinsley said, have we really succeeded anything or have we just kind of changed the metric in some way?","Oh my Lord. I mean, what we have in Iraq, and I just got back, you know, less than two weeks ago. What we have in Iraq is a government that is elected by its people. It's the only Arab-Muslim country of that type, of that form of government in that region. It will have a long- term security relationship and a strategic relationship with the United States and be aligned with the United States. That is a major positive outcome for us, particularly given the fact that in 2006 we nearly lost the country and suffered a humiliating defeat.","Things do look an awful lot different than they did two years ago. You had a significant role in that, in thinking about what should be done at a time when it was a very unpopular plan to be putting forth. No one was - there wasn't a very big cheering squad for that. I wonder if you sit back on an evening now and feel some kind of sense of satisfaction?What is that?'","Well, I think there were a lot of people that, you know, have a hand in it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The success of the surge is debatable and may just be a change in metrics.","questions":"How did Michael Kinsley describe the success of the surge?","answer":"Debatable"}
{"text":["My father believed the world was divided between those who were mentally and physically strong and those who were weak and lazy. For this, I had to undergo a physical and psychological training.","Can you tell us about those nights in the cellar?","From the age of 6, I had to spend one night a month in the basement meditating on death. I sat on a stool, alone, in the dark, surrounded by rats. And I had a cardigan with small bells on it. I wasn't allowed to let the bells tinkle, as it meant that I was moving. It was one of his exercises.","There are just too many instances of abuse and cruelty to recount - I mean, the way he didn't turn on the heat, the way he made you bathe in his dirty water. He said he gave you his energy that way or something."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : My father wanted to create a dichotomy between those who could endure physical and psychological hardships and those who were not as strong or determined.","questions":"How did the PersonA's father categorize people?","answer":"Superiority"}
{"text":["Well, could payments like this then allow the defendants in this case - who obviously are either wealthy or supported by very wealthy people - allow the defendants to buy their way out of criminal punishments of any kind?","I think that's conceivable. But I think, in this case, there would still be punishment. It would - they would probably still be incarcerated, although it's a very opaque process. So it's not very clear. I mean, this is - these are not trials like in the United States where you can go in and watch the court proceedings unfold day after day. These are all very cloaked processes in Saudi Arabia.","Looming behind all of this, of course, is the crown prince, Mohammed bin Salman, who's denied any culpability and, of course, is not on trial in any way. Does blood money offer him a way to wipe this case away without facing any particular accountability?","Well, it - not completely. But it does - you know, the Khashoggi children have been awfully restrained in their public positions about all of this. Right?They have not condemned the kingdom. They've not gone after Mohammed bin Salman. And this is a way to making sure they sort of stay quiet. This is a way for that to happen."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implication is that wealthy people or those with access to wealth may be able to avoid criminal punishment by using blood money.","questions":"How can wealthy people possibly avoid criminal punishment in Saudi Arabia?","answer":"Payment"}
{"text":["But sometimes people get caught up in the moment, and a lightweight reminder can actually help them rethink what they're doing or what they're saying. And so it's not supposed to be the solution that we hang our hat on for all of bullying. It's supposed to be one of many tools to try to prevent bullying from happening in the first place.","One controversial idea that I know you are thinking about is the idea of making the number of likes private. Right?","Yeah.","So when a person posts to Instagram their image, lots of people can click on a little heart that shows I love this thing. And some people get a high off of that - right?- when they - 'cause it's a big popularity contest in a way. If you make that private, doesn't that get to the heart of what Instagram is?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : lightweight doesnt mean it weighs a little but that the reminder is small or trivial; hang our hat on means to make something really important, not to use something as a hat holder","questions":"Which word in the conversation means that the reminder is small or trivial?","answer":"Lightweight"}
{"text":["Sure, Scott.","Russia's been taking over bases in Crimea all this week following the referendum. Was this expected?Were there any signs of resistance, near as you can tell?","There were signs of resistance. So, just to give you a sense, so this was an airbase - the tarmac area was taken weeks ago. That was in the initial occupation by Russian forces. This part of the base is where the soldiers and the pilots lived, and lived with their families. There were houses, apartments right around there. So not a strategic area but certainly symbolic. And all these bases had a deadline of yesterday. This base missed that deadline; they had an ultimatum of today to evacuate the base or be stormed.","Significantly, this was one of the few bases that did announce their intention to fight. We're not sure what that would lead to, whether it would lead to death. And this is all because of the commander. Very interesting guy named Yuli Montir(ph), who became famous for a YouTube video that he put up, saying that he'd stand until he heard from Kiev, which has not given any information to these soldiers as to what they're supposed to do. Whether they're supposed to evacuate, evacuate or fight. And so when the Russians did come, it was very expected. They came today and the attack was very swift. Military people describe it as very professional. It was clearly designed to minimize casualties, and it seems to have done so. In fact, an ambulance followed the tank that crashed open the gate today."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. The speaker is describing a military base that was not strategically important but was taken over by Russian forces because it was symbolic. The base was given an ultimatum to evacuate, but the soldiers and pilots chose to stay and fight. The speaker describes the situation as \"very expected,\" which implies that similar events have occurred before.","questions":"What was the reason for the Russian occupation of the military base in Crimea mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Symbolic"}
{"text":["But there are some bright spots in the world of retail. We hear about one of them today as part of our series this week, giving you a little break from all that bad economic news. Lisa Olivares manages a kiosk. It's called CCE Headgear. It's at a mall in Fayetteville, North Carolina near Fort Bragg. I recently gave Lisa a call on her cell phone while she was working at the kiosk.","We do custom embroidery. You can either bring in your own items or we provide them for you.","And we're hearing from you on your cell phone at the kiosk now, and we should note that where you are is not too far from Fort Bragg, which is home to the 82nd Airborne Division. And apparently, a lot of the soldiers have been coming home, and how has that affected your business?","Well, I mean, all the economy has been affected, but we're not as bad because luckily, we do do a lot of things for the military. Their wives are still here, so it's constantly them bringing in things that they need to be shipped overseas or just little minor things, things for the babies. It does keep a good flow in, though."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The soldiers are a major customer base for the kiosk.","questions":"What group of people are a significant source of business for the kiosk?","answer":"Soldiers"}
{"text":["It was interesting, because my first novel, \"Platitudes,\" was pretty fictional. My second two novels, \"Right Here, Right Now\" and \"Home Repairs,\" especially \"Home Repairs,\" was pretty autobiographical.","So this time, I really wanted to try my hand at writing a novel about myself. So I tried to write it as artfully as you would write a novel with the same kind of conceits that I put into, let's say, \"Platitudes,\" like kind of funny screenplays and music lyrics and footnotes, and write it artistically but tell the story of my life.","And that was the tricky part, to see myself as a character and not as myself.","You have - at one point in the book, you talk about all these dreams that you had to write books and to direct, and you write: I'm convinced that my delusion of seeing the story of my life as just that, a grand story, is the only thing that has staved off even more debilitating mental illnesses."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"To see myself as a character and not as myself\" - The speaker is not literally seeing themselves as a fictional character, but rather trying to distance themselves emotionally from their personal story in order to write it in an artistic and creative way.","questions":"Which aspect of the PersonA's writing approach involves distancing themselves emotionally from their personal story?","answer":"Myself."}
{"text":["You know, in the post-Katrina era, Scott, the assumption has been that when a hurricane comes, you focus on that and set other things aside. So it was jarring when the president went ahead with his summit with Kanye West. And as you say, it was a major full-media presence in the Oval Office.","But the president's theme all week has been to keep the focus on the president. He's had a flurry of news availabilities - way more than usual. In fact, in the last month, he's had more than in all the time previously in his presidency - very flashy events, campaign rallies around the country, night after night.","And that happens just as the cable operations - television, news - has - well, they've begun to lose interest in some of those rallies. They're not covering them from beginning to end anymore, sometimes not covering them all - at all, perhaps because they do seem to be news-free campaign events, and maybe because they've become so frequent.","Does this week's sudden stock sell-off raise questions about what had seemed to be so much good news about the economy, including that historically low unemployment rate?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The president's decision to meet with Kanye West during a hurricane was inappropriate","questions":"Which event was a major full-media presence in the Oval Office?","answer":"Kanye"}
{"text":["And yeah. Like I said, the video can be used for good. And that's why I think the premise of body camera footage is good. But where problems emerge is when government officials and police officials push back against making that footage public because that's the whole reason. The reason is to bring transparency to police interactions. And if government officials push against that, it goes against the entire premise.","One of the very interesting points that you make in your book is that the federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades. I mean, you highlight a report that was commissioned by President Johnson, President Lyndon Johnson in 1967 in response to the Watts riots. And you said that it proposes really not so much an emphasis on technology but an emphasis on relationships, on communication and teaching police officers how to communicate better with the public, how to - it's more of like a - I don't know what word to use. Would you say humanistic approach?And. . .","Absolutely. That's a great word for it.","And that you say that there's - these kinds of - these techniques have never really been implemented because they were deemed to be too expensive. But you also point out that technology is expensive. The police departments spend a huge amount on these technologies that you say don't work. So what - my question to you is, why do you think these techniques have not gotten more traction?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The report commissioned by President Johnson in 1967 proposes a humanistic approach to improving police-community relations through better communication and relationships.","questions":"How does the report commissioned by President Johnson propose to improve police-community relations?","answer":"Communication"}
{"text":["So it's like, your mind can't be stuck on this. You're just like, I'm here, so I'm trying to figure out, how do I even go to school, try to look nice, so the kids don't roast you?You're trying to figure out, how do I talk?How do I, you know, engage?But now we kind of just laugh at it. We make jokes out of anything. That's how I cope with a lot of stuff. I just make jokes about it or just laugh about it. Hip-hop is rooted - was birthed in New York. So it's like there's a history of, like, flipping your story into something positive. And then, you know, we're still here. You know, everybody's alive. Everybody's living, doing their own stuff, trying to chase their dreams. So we try to keep the energy, like, positive and optimistic - you know?- because that's the only way, I feel like, to really live a good life.","(Singing) What's up with you?Won't stop loving you. How you want me to?","Rapper Thutmose on his debut album, \"Man On Fire. \"Producer Christina Cala caught up with him at the South by Southwest Music Festival.","(Rapping) Tell me what your view is. She from Malibu. She want to hang out with the cool kids."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : stuck on this implies that a person keeps thinking about something","questions":"What is one way that Thutmose copes with things?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["Well - and now they'll get $25 million, right?","I guess.","NPR's Ina Jaffe, thanks so much for being with us.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning of turn 4 is \"You are welcome and appreciated for joining us and discussing the topic.\"","questions":"Which statement indicates the true meaning of turn 4?","answer":"Appreciated"}
{"text":["It was the claim that Clinton had been personally responsible for people's deaths that set off alarm bells for Russell. So he decided to do some fact-checking.","I came to the realization pretty quickly that someone may have been probably lying to me on social media.","It turned out there were many false stories circulating that year. But Russell was skeptical of claims that Russia had anything to do with them until lists of Russian troll accounts began to appear online. He was shocked.","My god, they're right. They're exactly right. What they've been telling me about this is literally happening. I can go look this stuff up. It's right there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Russell was alarmed by the false claim that Clinton was responsible for deaths","questions":"What set off alarm bells for Russell?","answer":"Claim"}
{"text":["Ibiza being the Spanish island where this video was filmed.","Exactly - just blathering on and on to a Russian woman who they believed was the niece of a prominent Russian oligarch.","And I'll just insert here that I have not had the opportunity to verify exactly what is being documented on this video. But what it has done is raise all of these questions in Austria about the extent of Russian influence in Austrian politics. Is that right?","Absolutely. And, I mean, it's funny because these are actually fake Russians. This is - these are not necessarily people that were sent from the Kremlin. We don't really know the provenance of the video. Some people believe it's an activist collective. Other people are speculating that some secret services of various countries were involved. But the most important thing to say is that Vice Chancellor Strache hasn't denied any of the assertions.","Right. Well, let me insert a practical question here. Where does this leave the government of Austria?Who's in charge today?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Ibiza is the location where the video was recorded, not a person","questions":"Which island was the video recorded on?","answer":"Ibiza"}
{"text":["Yeah. The deficit - you can think about that - that's just a gap between what the government spends and what it takes in. So if you outspend your paychecks a month, you might put the difference on your credit card. The government does the same. That's the deficit. The debt is like the accumulated credit card balance, the sum of all the deficits you've run in the previous months or years.","So the bigger that balance on the government's credit card, the more the government has to pay in interest costs. And that means it's got less money available to spend on everything else we want the government to do. What's more, if the government's borrowing a whole lot of money, that potentially means there's less money available for individuals and businesses that want to borrow. And that can have the effect of curbing economic growth. Economists call that the crowding out effect.","This was a huge issue for Republicans, and they seem now to have backed off of that.","Yeah. Some of the Republicans who used to sound the alarm about rising deficits during the Obama administration seem less concerned about that now. I'm not sure if that's because they've gotten some new economic theory. It may have more to do just with who's in charge. During the recession, we saw dire warnings about debt-to-GDP ratios. Those turned out not to be true. A better question might be, you know, what are we running up the debt for?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A large government debt can lead to less money available for individuals and businesses to borrow, which can slow down economic growth.","questions":"How do economists refer to the effect of less money available for individuals and businesses to borrow due to a large government debt?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["And I went into Washington Park on Chicago's south side and met some retired African-American men who were spending their days fishing and who really were living history for me. You know, I had these books, but they would give me the ins and out of the black political machine, the state of race relations in the city. And everything that I was reading in these textbooks seemed dead because they could say exactly the same thing with so much more spirit, and I wanted to find a way to spend time with folks like that instead of just asking them a few questions and hoping they could give me short answers.","They basically told you, okay, I'm glad you talked to us, but talk to some younger guys. So what did you do?","So they sent me to a few neighborhoods. I constructed a survey, and I said okay, let me go see if I can start up some conversations. I went to the Robert Taylor Homes, a very poor public-housing development in Chicago. And I walked into this stairwell, and I met this street gang that was selling drugs in the stairwell, and they wondered who I was, and they thought I was a gang member, and they thought I was a Mexican gang member.","They started calling me Julio, and I administered the survey to them, and they just laughed. And they thought, okay, you must be from another gang because nobody's going to ask stupid questions like this. They kept me there, and I had. . .","You had multiple-choice questions like how do you feel being poor and black?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The experiences and stories of real people can offer more insight and authenticity than textbooks","questions":"What is the main benefit of meeting retired African-American men in Washington Park according to A?","answer":"Authenticity"}
{"text":["It doesn't, really. I mean, I have obviously no view on his guilt or innocence. But, I mean, abuse can be perpetrated by anybody in any walk of life. And rank does not guarantee that somebody will not be an abuser of children.","What do you think it says about how much progress the Catholic Church has made in fighting abuse by the clergy?","I think it shows progress in one area. And that is that civil authorities now are not reluctant to charge any member of the clergy. There's not that deference there was in the past. And that's a good change. As far as the actual church itself, there is still a reluctance. I mean, even in this case, the church guidelines themselves - most guidelines say that if a priest is accused of abuse, he must step down from his position on the accusation, must be investigated. But the accusations against Cardinal Pell were known months ago. And yet he was allowed to remain in his position until he was actually charged.","You've met with Pope Francis. How committed do you think he is to doing what's necessary?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"How committed do you think he is to doing what's necessary?\" - the literal meaning is asking about the level of commitment of Pope Francis to take necessary actions. The implied meaning is that there are actions that need to be taken to address abuse within the Catholic Church, and it is unclear if Pope Francis is fully committed to taking those actions.","questions":"How ambiguous is the implication of turn 3?","answer":"Very"}
{"text":["That is Binyamin Appelbaum. He writes about economics for The New York Times, and he's written a new book, called, \"The Economists' Hour\" that traces what he calls a revolution in the way we think about economists.","This quiet but really important revolution that happens, really, beginning in the late 1960s and the early 1970s, where economists begin to gain tremendous influence over public policy in the United States.","In fact, that young economist who told his wife he had no future at the Fed, that was Paul Volcker. He became one of a small group of economists who made themselves indispensable to U. S.  presidents. Volcker rose to become the chairman of the Federal Reserve in the Carter and Reagan years.","So I asked Appelbaum, how did a bunch of economists go from nobodies to being important people?And he said it's pretty simple. In an era of real economic problems, they promised solutions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Paul Volcker was once a young economist who thought he had no future at the Fed but later became an important figure in the US government.","questions":"Which economist rose to become the chairman of the Federal Reserve in the Carter and Reagan years?","answer":"Volcker"}
{"text":["And I saw that with just kids I knew at public school that were gifted. A lot of them struggled as they got older because they've been told they were smart. And so when they failed, they felt let down, they felt confused, and they blamed themselves.","So I think you see that on a much grander level with a child star where they get this level of fame and success and they think that that's going to last forever because they get used to it. And as they get older it's taken away from them, and they're not sure who to blame. And they don't know how to do anything for themselves.","And almost inevitably taken away from them by a disease called adolescence.","Yes, exactly. I mean I think that child stars are - they're used, in a way, to - their cuteness is used. And a lot of child actors - I mean people often ask me, they say why were you in so many kids' movies. And one was that my mother and father believed that there weren't enough good kids' movies out there. Now, I wasn't always in the best kids' movies, but they thought that that was important. And another thing is that there can really only be so many \"To Kill A Mockingbirds\" out there."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The kids were smarter than the other kids in their class.","questions":"Which kids were told they were smart?","answer":"Gifted"}
{"text":["Joel Rising has surely had this experience. Many frequent travelers have, a screaming baby on the airplane. But what's that baby doing there anyway?Is it safe for infants to fly?Doctor Sydney Spiesel is a pediatrician and a professor at Yale Medical School, as well as a contributor to slate. com. And when we spoke earlier, I asked him if a new study out on this topic had any answers.","What the study says is, if you have normal kids, yes, you know, when you're flying, the air pressure goes down in a plane. It's as if we were walking around the top of a mountain that's maybe 5,000 feet.","The amount of oxygen that's available for absorption is about three quarters because of the lower pressures. About three quarters of that - of the same amount as sea level. And young children we know don't do quite as well with lower oxygen levels as older. But, in fact, millions of kids fly, and they really fly quite well without problems.","And no problems for their ears?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the literal meaning of \"if you have normal kids\" suggests that the study is only applicable to children who are not abnormal or have any medical conditions. However, the actual meaning is that the study is applicable to healthy children who do not have any pre-existing medical conditions that may affect their ability to handle lower oxygen levels.","questions":"What kind of children is the study applicable to, according to the implied meaning of turn (2)?","answer":"Healthy"}
{"text":["Justice Alito wrote a dissent that was more tailored to - the federal immigration law does have a passage that says states may cooperate in the apprehension or identification of illegal immigrants, and Justice Alito said if you just read the federal law, you might have thought most of these provisions could stand. So his was a more modulated dissent.","And this also, of course, comes in the course of a national election. Any idea which side may be energized by this particular ruling?","Boy, Neal, your guess on that one is as good as mine. My impression that President Obama - several things he's done certainly would have energized the Latinos and some younger people on the immigration issue, and my impression is there's some - another bloc of voters who are very troubled by illegal immigrants.","And Lamar Smith, the congressman and head of the Judiciary Committee, has a statement basically saying this is why we need a new, stronger Congress to pass tougher immigration laws here in Washington, thanks to - these kind of decisions show we need stronger laws out of Washington."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : And Lamar Smith, the congressman and head of the Judiciary Committee, has a statement basically saying this is why we need a new, stronger Congress to pass tougher immigration laws here in Washington, thanks to - these kind of decisions show we need stronger laws out of Washington.  The turn does not have a figurative meaning different from its literal meaning.","questions":"What is the name of the congressman and head of the Judiciary Committee who made the statement about needing stronger immigration laws?","answer":"Lamar"}
{"text":["It probably had more to do with Moore - Roy Moore - and his unique trainload of baggage. But it's still hard not to compare it to what happened back in 2010 when Scott Brown was elected in Massachusetts, taking Teddy Kennedy's seat. And this was at about the same point in President Obama's first term.","That really changed the mood on Capitol Hill. It did not stop the passage of Obamacare, but it signaled a big turnover in Congress in the next elections. And we could be heading into a correction here in the other direction under President Trump.","NPR's Ron Elving. Thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) implies gratitude and appreciation, (3) implies that the conversation is coming to an end","questions":"Which turn implies the end of the conversation?","answer":"End"}
{"text":["Exactly, keep looking up, and I can't believe I still pinch myself every time that I get to say those words afterwards. But this is the fellow that would appear on your PBS station, usually late at night, at weird hours, for a minute or five minutes telling you what's up in the sky. He'd sit on the rings of Saturn and point out at Jupiter, and he'd have this very interesting voice. It was great.","And so he passed away a few years ago, and the station has decided to continue the program. We've done a little bit of touching-up to it, but it's called \"Star Gazers,\" and so you might catch us on weird hours on your PBS station, and they're always online at our website, stargazersonline. org, and you can watch any of the shows there, and we'll tell you what's up in the sky and say keep looking up. That's what we always say.","That's it. It's a great show. I've been watching it for years. I used to know Jack for a while, so. . .","Oh, I know, what a great guy. I mean, this is a populizer of astronomy, and I just hope that I can fill his shoes a little bit and get people excited about the stars."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"we've done a little bit of touching-up to it\" implies that some minor adjustments have been made to the show, but not that it has been significantly altered.","questions":"Which program received some touching-up?","answer":"Star-Gazers"}
{"text":["(Laughter) I have no idea. I know that the pope - his five most famous words may be - who am I to judge?- which is about gay people. And I know that he has gay friends. You know, one of the people that he met with during his papal visit in the United States was a gay friend and his partner. So he's open to what he calls a culture of encounter and accompaniment. He's certainly in favor of listening to people and meeting them where they are. And so on that page, you know, we agree.","You suggest in a couple of sections of the book that there must be priests who are LGBT, but they are faithful to their vows of chastity.","Yeah, I know them. And, you know, by saying that a priest is gay, it doesn't mean that he's breaking his promise of celibacy or his vow of chastity or, you know, lesbian nuns. And one of the challenges for the church is to recognize these people and to see them as the gifts that they are as all LGBT people are to the church. They are gifts, beloved children of God who bring certain gifts and certain talents to our church, to the community.","Father James Martin - his book, \"Building A Bridge: How The Catholic Church And The LGBT Community Can Enter Into A Relationship Of Respect, Compassion, And Sensitivity\" - thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  expressing appreciation for Father James Martin's efforts to promote understanding and dialogue between the Catholic Church and the LGBT community, as reflected in his book.","questions":"Which book is Father James Martin being appreciated for in turn 3?","answer":"Book"}
{"text":["I don't think they picked Deming necessarily. You know, we just happen to be a big border patrol station as well as our neighboring county. They're dropping off here as well - the Hidalgo County drops here as well.","How are these people - the asylum-seekers being housed in an airport hangar - how are they handling things?","You'd be surprised. I think they're - you know, they're a little - you know, I guess they're a little worried when they first show up. But then, I think, it's actually better than most places they've been, and that's what they tell us. So they have more room and more freedom than most places they've been, so they're actually really happy.","And how is the community of Deming handling this influx of new people?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 'Asylum-seekers are actually really happy' implies that the asylum-seekers are being treated well.","questions":"How would you describe the emotional state of the asylum-seekers?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["Henry Ford believed in it, didn't he?","That's right. And then he was forced by the courts to retract.","You take a look at these forgeries, and you're struck by the fact that they took a lot of work, discipline, creativity - qualities that you would like to think could be used more responsibly and honorably.","Yeah. In fact, that was our conclusion as a working group. And what we determined at the end was just how incredibly creative this activity is. We think of it as destructive, right?We think of it as deceptive - fabricating or mutilating history. But in a sense, that's also what historians have been doing for various personal motives or political motives over time. But in any event, even in that destruction, there is this kernel of the imagination and the desire to find ways to persuade other people to believe things - even preposterous things - as the truth, or at least to be plausible. And I think that's where the power of forgery as a category of human expression really, I think, looms large in our history."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the speaker is implying that forgery is a powerful form of expression and has been used throughout history for various political and personal motives.","questions":"How was forgery used throughout history?","answer":"various"}
{"text":["Yeah. They're like, oh, my God. Make that face again. That's so funny. But it's not like that. And the reason I talked about it and shared when I did was because there started to be all these compilations of my tics that were made by the fans, which they just thought it was, like, goofy Billie is making a bunch of faces. And they're funny. Let's make a video about it, which is, of course, out of love. And they think that's funny. And they didn't - they don't know, you know?","O'CONNELL: Especially if they think you're doing them on purpose, then it's totally out of love.","They think I'm doing it on purpose. But I felt almost, like, attacked in a way, which was kind of stupid. But it's something like I've lived with my whole life and, like, not been open about because I didn't want it to label me, you know?","Sure, you don't want the whole - that to be the second sentence of every every paragraph about you."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"But I felt almost, like, attacked in a way, which was kind of stupid.\" - The implied meaning here is that Billie is feeling defensive about her tics and is hurt by the fans' reaction.","questions":"What did Billie feel about the fans' reaction?","answer":"Defensive"}
{"text":["No, he's not. He's a career CBP official. He was already in place when the Trump administration came in. He's not known as an immigration hardliner. As a matter of fact, he's told the Senate that he thought the United States should support governments in Central America to improve economic opportunities there - in other words, to take away the motivation for people to flee. He's also talked about asylum-seekers as vulnerable families, not as scam artists. Sometimes the president describes them that way. But he's not going to have a lot of say in policy. That comes from Trump and his inner-circle of advisers at the White House, particularly Stephen Miller, who has the loudest voice on immigration. . .","Yeah.",". . . Inside the White House.","Now, a lot of people are noticing that McAleenan will be the third acting secretary running a major cabinet department. Interior and Defense are also being run by acting secretaries. And I'm not even including the scores of lower-level acting officials in this administration. Is this as unusual as it seems?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) - This is used as a response to show agreement with the speaker.","questions":"How does PersonB respond to PersonA's statement about Stephen Miller?","answer":"Yeah"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, there are definitely multiple factors. You know, about a decade ago, China passed their renewable energy law. They started to really grow wind and solar as the future strategic industries. And now they're the largest in the world. They install by far the most wind turbines and solar panels in the world. So they really can see that this is a future growth area, that this is something that they can export to other countries. And it has all of these environmental benefits. So of course, to them, it just makes sense to do it.","So they see jobs in green energy.","That's right. You know, there's 3 million renewable energy jobs in China. That's the most in the world. Renewable energy jobs around the world, including in the U. S. , are growing much faster than the overall job market. So there are definitely areas for growth.","At the same time, China is the world's largest coal user and producer, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : China sees renewable energy as a future economic opportunity, which can be exported and reduce environmental impact.","questions":"How does China view renewable energy?","answer":"Opportunity"}
{"text":["So you were ready to stand up for yourself?","Oh, absolutely, 100 percent.","Do you ever talk to the students that you went to college with recently, students who were maybe sometimes 60 years younger than you, about what you have lived and what you have gone through?Do you ever tell them these kinds of stories?","In some of my classes, some of the fellows would ask me about the segregated South. I would reveal to them, like in one instance, we had a history major and he was just tickled to death to learn this stuff firsthand from somebody who had actually been through it. Example, I used to tell him that at Norfolk Navy Yard, the drinking fountains and lavatories were all segregated - black, colored water and colored bathrooms, white bathrooms. And the white water always broke down and they drank the colored water."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"the white water always broke down and they drank the colored water.\" - The actual meaning could be, \"The facilities for white people were given better maintenance and resources, while the facilities for people of color were neglected and substandard.\" It may not necessarily mean that the actual water was colored or that people drank water of different colors.","questions":"What color was the water?","answer":"Colored"}
{"text":["Yeah. Let me ask, I would think, Sana, that - you've already mentioned that you were surprised that a number of these people were not angry or did not harbor bitterness about having been born to parents who were slaves. But what else was it about them, if there was a thread that seemed to tie them together?","Their parents raised them with hope, the idea that I want your life to be better than mine. And though things aren't the way we were promised, right, with emancipation. Things aren't the way they were promised, that one day they will be, and you'll be ready for it.","You also described them in the book as having immigrant-like expectations. Explain what you meant.","There was this genuine commitment to want to believe in the future, which is phenomenal to think about. There was this belief that everything that happened to me is over. The worst is behind after the Civil War, and I am going to go out and seek a new life in freedom, right?So everything, all of my hopes and dreams, I am going to give that back to the country. There was a genuine commitment to reinvest in the building of what was to be a new America.","Was it a patriotism?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Conditional. As we noted in chapter 1, there are sentences of a natural language, like English, that are not atomic sentences. Our examples included.","questions":"What chapter did the authors note the examples of non-atomic sentences in natural language?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["He was a Christian gentleman. And he was the paradigm of the Christian gentleman. He didn't have - he had no mean bone in his body. I'd never heard - you would hear him perhaps talk a little bit askance about someone. But he - but I never heard an ad hominem attack or caustic comment come out of him. He had a beautiful soul. And it was always radiant and on display.","Yeah. In the minute we have left, I sometimes would look at him, and it was hard to imagine him as the very young, teenage, just graduated from a prep school who enlisted and became the youngest flyer in the U. S.  Navy.","The youngest flyer and a decorated aviator at the age of 20. If you see those photos which have been playing across screens today, he looks like he's 14 years old.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when someone says \"he had no mean bone in his body\" it means that the person was nice and kind","questions":"What was the occupation of the person being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Gentleman"}
{"text":["Physically in our experiment that took up - we couldn't really measure it in a scientific way, but between you and me, it's like a speck of dust.","All that stuff on a speck of dust.","Yeah.","And how much room would you need to store all the information in the world?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A speck of dust is teeny tiny, so it implies it is tiny. ","questions":"Which word describes the size of the speck of dust?","answer":"Tiny"}
{"text":["Yeah. If you've ever heard stories about people who win the lotto, their lives are in inalterably changed by that. It's a hard thing to imagine. And for NPR and The Salvation Army, these huge gifts - and it's important to point out that The Salvation Army got close to 10 times more than NPR did - it was challenging.","How do you continue to reach out to donors when you've received this windfall?In the case of NPR, how do you explain, in this complex matrix that we've got of member stations in the network, how the money will get dispersed?In the case of The Salvation Army, Joan asked for recreation centers to be built all around the country. But The Salvation Army really wasn't equipped to do that. It had done it once in San Diego, where Joan lived, but it wasn't something that was in their wheelhouse, so to speak.","So yeah, it's a terrible burden. It's a wonderful one, but it was complicated for both organizations.","How fair or accurate is the idea that Joan Kroc gave away Ray Kroc's money to a lot of places and causes of which he would not have approved?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : dispersed terrible burden How fair or accurate is the idea","questions":"How was the idea of Joan Kroc giving away Ray Kroc's money described?","answer":"changed"}
{"text":["Kevin, I imagine doing what you do, you can't have much of an appetite for leftovers on a day like today.","No, I probably will be eating a hamburger or something today.","Well, I wish you a very good day, and thanks for taking the time to speak with us.","Absolutely. Have a great time."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A uses the phrase \"eating a hamburger or something\" to refer to what he will eat on that day. The actual meaning of the phrase is that he will likely have a meal that is quick and easy to obtain, rather than specifically referring to a hamburger.","questions":"How would you describe PersonA's meal choice for the day?","answer":"Quick"}
{"text":["You're welcome.","Not to belabor this obvious point, but is this as dangerous as it sounds?","It is. And because it's becoming precariously dangerous situation for the east coast of Florida - meaning it may officially stay offshore but still spread the core of its severe impacts right along the coastline - I think that's something that we should emphasize, is that - and I think it was mentioned off the top of the hour - we need our listeners from our member stations in Miami, WLRN, all the way to Jacksonville, WJCT, to take this seriously, especially if you live east of that I-95 corridor because there is an increasing chance now the core - and we're talking the eye wall - of major Hurricane Dorian will brush the coastline.","That could mean winds well above hurricane strength. That could bring storm surge, storm surge warnings and hurricane warnings in effect. So I think that's what's the most dangerous part of this storm is actually the fact that it may be not coming ashore directly, and residents may not be taking it seriously at this point.","Has the storm reached full strength, or is there any possibility that it could intensify?","It likely has reached close to its full strength. It's approaching or moving over the islands now of the Northern Bahamas. And it's also showing signs of going through a eye wall replacement cycle. That will likely occur in the next 24 hours. So the strength is going to fluctuate."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The hurricane may cause severe impacts along the coastline despite staying offshore.","questions":"Which coast is becoming precariously dangerous due to Hurricane Dorian?","answer":"Florida"}
{"text":["So we're getting 40 new mutations per generation in these 2,000 necessary genes for intelligence is what you're saying, and over the millennia, these things add up.","Exactly. I mean, that is - you made one jump there that is not correct, and that is that the new mutations are not necessarily in the intelligence genes. They're just spread out randomly over the genome.","I see.","They have a certain probability of hitting these - this group of genes that are the cognitive genes so that among those genes, we know that they behave like links on a chain, that is if any one of them is mutated there is a cognitive problem."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : I see means in this context I understand ","questions":"How does PersonB react to the explanation given by PersonA in turn 1?","answer":"Understand"}
{"text":["All right, for more on this story, we're joined now by Leon Fresco. During the Obama administration, he was the deputy assistant attorney general and oversaw all civil immigration litigation on the part of the U. S.  government. Now he's a member of the nonpartisan DHS Advisory Council. Welcome.","Thank you.","So do you agree with the attorney general's reasoning here that there is a legal basis for doing this?","This is a very complicated case. As a legal issue, this is a 50-50 issue, and here's why. There are two clearly established principles of law that are in tension here. The first is if you are outside the United States waiting at a port of entry to get in, that is undisputed that those individuals do not have due process rights that would allow them to ask for a bond if they are detained while we're making a decision whether to let them in or not."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"there are two clearly established principles of law that are in tension here\" - The literal meaning is that there are two established principles of law that are in conflict with each other. The actual meaning is that there are two established principles of law that apply to this case, and they are in opposition to each other, making the legal issue complicated.","questions":"Which principles of law are in tension in this case?","answer":"established"}
{"text":["And all this happened after midnight on Friday, so most people were sleeping. They were caught off guard and unable to escape. Houses, cars and bridges were washed away. And 17 neighborhoods were partially destroyed. And the town hospital and morgue are overflowing. Among the victims is a policeman who was carried away by rushing water when he tried to save a 12-year-old girl from drowning. And then there's the case of the Mocoa mayor, who is a pastor - he's homeless because rocks and mud came into his house and filled it all the way up to the ceiling.","Sounds like a horrific situation. How has the government responded?","President Juan Manuel Santos flew into Mocoa to inspect the town. He sent in the army. The Red Cross is there. There are emergency workers searching for survivors. But one of the problems is that there's no airport in Mocoa, and the main road into the town's been partially washed out. Half of Putumayo state's without power, and the drinking water supply has been totally destroyed. Now there've been some reports of people looting stores for food and water.","Just briefly - you know, we've heard a lot about flooding and landslides in Latin America recently. Peru's also had massive flooding. Do we know why this is happening?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"Now there've been some reports of people looting stores for food and water.\" - The speaker is indicating that the situation has led to some social disorder and desperation, rather than just reporting the fact that looting has occurred.","questions":"What has occurred due to the situation mentioned by the speaker in turn 2?","answer":"Social"}
{"text":["Yeah. Millions of dollars. And they actually - the Coogan Law at this moment though actually only protects about 15 percent of a child's earning. And so there's a whole 85 percent that goes somewhere else. And the parents can use it for various things. And the child can use it but, you know, when you're a child you're not going to make most sound financial decisions.","And you end up seeing a lot of child stars actually growing up and getting emancipated from their parents because they don't like the way that their parents have handled their money. And there are other loopholes around it too, like they can appear - they have to appear in front of a court to say that they can do this. But the ones who don't appear in front of a court, they don't have to necessarily pay attention to those rules. And there are a lot of loopholes and sadly there are lot of parents using their kids to make money.","Well, Mara Wilson, thank you very much for your time today. We appreciate your insight. I love the picture of Alfred Hitchcock, who you say once described actors as cattle. And your line, please?","That would make child actors veal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : She believes that child actors are like cattle to be used by others.","questions":"What does PersonA compare child actors to?","answer":"Meat"}
{"text":["Well, CCH Pounder, great to talk to you.","Thank you.","CCH Pounder is an actor and gallery owner. Her space in Los Angeles is called the Pounder-Kone Art Space, and she joined me right here in the studios of NPR West in Culver City.","That's our show for today. Thank you for sharing your time with us. To listen to the show or subscribe to our podcast, visit our website nprnewsandnotes. org. To join the conversation or sign up for our newsletter, visit our blog at nprnewsandviews. org."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : sharing your time with us implies listening to the show","questions":"Which phrase suggests listening to the show?","answer":"sharing"}
{"text":["That will not happen. The Senate will not seat Roland Burris tomorrow, barring some major change of heart on the part of the Senate Democratic leaders. They feel that, as they had said back in December, that anyone appointed by Rod Blagojevich, who was, of course, accused of holding a kind of auction for this Senate seat to the highest bidder, anyone appointed by that governor would not be acceptable to them.","And they haven't changed their minds even though they have said repeatedly they have no objection to Roland Burris in particular to take that job. So one assumes that they will stand by that tomorrow and that Burris's appointment, that is to say his seating, will be delayed probably for a matter of several weeks.","Very briefly, Ron, the latest in the impeachment proceedings against Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich, where do they stand?","State House committee on impeachment today reviewing a 54-page document reviewing all the accusations against Rod Blagojevich. We expect them to vote on impeachment this week, probably Friday."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Senate Democratic leaders will not approve Roland Burris as a senator because he was appointed by Rod Blagojevich, who was accused of selling the Senate seat to the highest bidder.","questions":"What is the reason for the Senate Democratic leaders' objection to Roland Burris?","answer":"Appointment."}
{"text":["Well, Katie Couric is set to interview Sarah Palin, so we're taking folks' questions. We want to know what they think Katie Couric should ask. We've got video interviews with singer Eric Benet and Glynn Turman who won an Emmy over the weekend.","He did.","Yeah, we're going to revisit that video. And we have more video interviews coming up with the cast of Spike Lee's \"Miracle at St. Anna. \"","Oh, sounds like some good stuff."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People are being asked to suggest questions for Katie Couric's interview with Sarah Palin.","questions":"Which interview is PersonA asking PersonB about in turn 2?","answer":"Couric's"}
{"text":["It doesn't, really. I mean, I have obviously no view on his guilt or innocence. But, I mean, abuse can be perpetrated by anybody in any walk of life. And rank does not guarantee that somebody will not be an abuser of children.","What do you think it says about how much progress the Catholic Church has made in fighting abuse by the clergy?","I think it shows progress in one area. And that is that civil authorities now are not reluctant to charge any member of the clergy. There's not that deference there was in the past. And that's a good change. As far as the actual church itself, there is still a reluctance. I mean, even in this case, the church guidelines themselves - most guidelines say that if a priest is accused of abuse, he must step down from his position on the accusation, must be investigated. But the accusations against Cardinal Pell were known months ago. And yet he was allowed to remain in his position until he was actually charged.","You've met with Pope Francis. How committed do you think he is to doing what's necessary?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"How committed do you think he is to doing what's necessary?\" - the literal meaning is asking about the level of commitment of Pope Francis to take necessary actions. The implied meaning is that there are actions that need to be taken to address abuse within the Catholic Church, and it is unclear if Pope Francis is fully committed to taking those actions.","questions":"What is the implied meaning behind \"How committed do you think he is to doing what's necessary?\"","answer":"Actions"}
{"text":["It is very unusual. So we found out in a backhanded sort of way and then called up the Pentagon to say - hey, is this true?Have you guys not released that money?Yeah, well, it is. Well, why?And they didn't have an answer to that question.","All right. So let me fast-forward us along on our timeline to August 30. You wrote a letter on that date to Mick Mulvaney, the head of the Office of Management and Budget - OMB - also acting White House chief of staff.","Yeah. We wanted to have as much force behind the letter as possible, so we did it in a bipartisan way with me and ranking member Thornberry, the ranking Republican on the Armed Services Committee. We sent off the letter saying, you know, please release the money, and please tell us why you're holding it up.","Yeah, I've got this letter in front of me. It's straightforward, one page. (Reading) Please inform the committee why these funds are being held and when they will be released."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They found out the information in an indirect way from people not involved.","questions":"Which committee did PersonA and Thornberry send the letter to?","answer":"Committee"}
{"text":["As I say, I'm not doubting too much that Iran had a hand in this thing. Their motive is I think quite clear. We are in the middle of a signaling process that is going on. The United States is actually cracking down on Iran so that, basically, Iran not only can't sell oil. It can't sell its refined products. And, increasingly, Iran's closed out of international markets for just about anything that they produce.","So we are basically putting Iran under siege, and they're going to try to strike back at some point. So if I were sitting in Iran and thinking about what I could do, making the cost of oil higher for the rest of the world is a pretty interesting way of responding and saying, you can't do this cost-free.","Where do you see this going?Given that you've identified that the administration is engaged in a policy of trying to isolate Iran, diplomatically and economically, to achieve what it would consider better terms in the Iran nuclear deal - so is there any scenario in which you can see this tactic bringing Iran back to the negotiating table?","If the United States wants to do that, they're not going to succeed by just piling on the pressure until Iran collapses. Iran won't collapse. They've been through some very tough times - including a war with Iraq, which was far more dangerous to them than the threats that we're putting against them now - and they didn't crack."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The United States' policy of isolating Iran will not bring Iran back to the negotiating table by just piling on pressure until Iran collapses.","questions":"What tactic will not bring Iran back to the negotiating table?","answer":"Pressure"}
{"text":["Good morning, Linda.","Who is Loretta Lynch, and does she have the chops to do this huge job?","Linda, she's been the U. S.  attorney in Brooklyn twice - once during the Obama administration now and previously during the Clinton years. And this district she covers serves 8 million people. It's huge. So she has a really long record of prosecuting people, including policemen who brutalized Haitian immigrant Abner Louima back in 1997, a lot of old-school mobsters in Brooklyn and Queens, the man who tried to bomb the New York City subway system a few years ago who had ties to al-Qaida, and more recently, Linda, Congressman Michael Grimm, a Republican from Staten Island who she's prosecuting on fraud charges. Grimm was just reelected. He pleaded not guilty in that case.","Now lots of lawyers were lining up to lead the Justice Department. So why did the White House decide to go with Lynch?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : have the chops to do this implies does she have the skills and abilities to do this","questions":"How has Loretta Lynch's experience prepared her for the job? (Answer: skills\/abilities)","answer":"Skills"}
{"text":["So after more than a week of protesting, it seems like you may be about to get what you've been asking for. There's a deal to sell the mine and money set aside to pay back wages. Does that mean you're heading home?","No. It's a step in the right direction. What's been set aside is like probably around 35, 40% of back wages on that. And they decided that they won't stay until we've been fully reimbursed.","The deal has set aside about $450,000 of an estimated 2 1\/2 million that are owed to the miners.","Right. Right. That's the deal. That's Kopper Glo stepping up.","You know, some local officials have said you're actually depriving yourselves of money by blocking the tracks because you are blocking coal that would otherwise get sold. What do you say to that?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The amount set aside for wages is insufficient.","questions":"How much was set aside for back wages?","answer":"$450,000"}
{"text":["Yeah.","And when you see him and you're an American and you see that, you're like I did that. I can't run and hide and say that I don't have some kind of responsibility in that.","Yeah. How long did this take you to write?","You know, originally I tried to write a book actually about an American nurse during the American war there and I worked on that for maybe a couple of years. And I realized that that book I was working on should really just be a memoir. And the truth is that there are memoirs written by American nurses and doctors. And so I went back to Vietnam in 2010. And when I was there, that's when I discovered for the first time this story about a woman named Phan Thi Bich Hang, who is the, quote-unquote, \"official psychic of Vietnam. \"She was bitten by a rabid dog when she was 5 years old. And when she came out of her coma, she could hear the voices of the dead. And the government actually uses her to help them find the remains of soldiers and other people who are historically prominent in Vietnam."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"And the truth is that there are memoirs written by American nurses and doctors.\" The speaker is not necessarily asserting that this statement is objectively true, but rather using it as a way to transition from discussing their own failed writing project to their discovery of a new topic.","questions":"How did the speaker transition to discussing their discovery of a new topic?","answer":"Transition"}
{"text":["Well, I think a lot of people think after such a long stretch of economic growth, we're due for a recession. It's often said by economists that expansions don't die of old age. They have to be murdered, usually by the Fed or financial crisis.","(Laughter).","So that might happen. There are some warning signs out there. We had a bad job market report. We'll get more - another glimpse of the job market report at the end of this week. Manufacturing is soft. But one thing that's interesting is some people worry that long periods of steady growth, low rates and rising stock prices breed complacency, and that could end badly.","OK, David. Thanks so much. That's David Wessel."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : long stretch in this context means a long era ","questions":"Which word is used to describe the length of the economic growth period in turn 0?","answer":"Long"}
{"text":["Am I wrong to see in this novel a theme that the relics we worship are often no more than making a choice among frauds?","You know, Frederick - he had 19,000 of these things.","Yeah.","You know, everything. Frederick was called Frederick the Wise. This was a very learned man. And you think, well, wait, you know, how could he have really thought this was, you know, the - a strand of Jesus's hair or a piece of straw?And the answer is, I suspect he didn't in his heart of hearts, but his - the overriding theology, if you will, was I think he thought that if relics make people more pious, where's the harm?I'm attracted to that notion. If it - if belief in a, you know, a bone leads you to praying to be a better person - how quickly I descend into truism - where's the harm?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The worship of relics may be based on false beliefs, but it can still be beneficial if it encourages people to be more pious.","questions":"How can the worship of relics be beneficial?","answer":"Pious"}
{"text":["I think it's really important to say that scientists are really late to the party. Science has been under attack for a long time. And really, what's happened is that scientists are scared to engage with politics. They're worried about looking biased. They're worried about their funding. But really that's been a terrible strategy. It's meant that bad science policy decisions have been made.","But would you be holding this march, do you think, if it were President Hillary Clinton in the White House?","I think there is a catalyst in seeing how intense the attacks are right now. We have to acknowledge that, yes.","Are there specific goals you all are trying to achieve in terms of advancing one policy or another?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : late to the party implies that the scientists engaged with the issue after most people","questions":"What has been the scientists' major concern regarding engaging with politics according to turn 0?","answer":"Looking"}
{"text":["Passe blanc - it's a phrase well-known in color-conscious corners of the black community. American literature is chock full of stories of light-skinned black folks passing for white. But, whites passing for black?That's a phenomena not so well mapped. History has provided us with examples of white entertainers in black face, and white artist performing black music form from R&B to rap. But, whites who have actually sought to become blacks, some of them successfully, is the subject of a new and fascinating book by Baz Dreisinger, excuse me. It's called \"Near Black: White to Black, Passing in American Culture. \"Baz, welcome to News &Notes.","Thanks for having me.","You call whites passing as blacks \"white passers. \"Central to this notion of white passing is proximity as you say in the book, let's talk about what you mean. Is that like blackness rubbing off on people?","It is, really. It starts in the 19th century as a kind of anxiety about black becoming closer to white, sometimes physically, sometimes metaphorically with the end of slavery, and it transforms into this notion that somehow, proximity to blackness has a kind of contagious character. And contagion is a metaphor that's used quite often in the narratives, and in the discourse surrounding white people passing for black, that the idea that being close can somehow transform one's racial identity."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The culture and character of black people can be obtained from them if you get too close ","questions":"Which notion is central to the idea of \"white passing\"?","answer":"Proximity"}
{"text":["Basically, this conflict, it stems from a power struggle between two very big people in South Sudan, the president, Salva Kiir, and his former vice president, Riek Machar. You have two guys who couldn't be more different. Kiir's this former commander from the independence struggle, a man of few words, in his ubiquitous black cowboy hat. And Machar is a smooth-talking, British-educated guy with a green philosophy who happens to be a huge fan of Karl Rove.","Now, besides being different personalities, these guys are also different tribes. And the tribal aspect of this conflict is what's triggered the most horrific aspects of this war. That's the violence that the pre-genocide label gets attached to.","The United States has a lot at stake in South Sudan. It helped create the nation, first under President Bush and then President Obama in 2011. What's Secretary of State Kerry proposing?","Well, Secretary Kerry has been talking about this idea of a transitional government. It's kind of - if you remember, back in January they tried a ceasefire that was disrespected by both sides because it told people to stop fighting. It didn't address why they were fighting, which was to control the government."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that Secretary Kerry has been talking about the idea of a transitional government. The implied meaning is that Kerry is proposing a new government as a way to address the root of the conflict and end the fighting.","questions":"How does Secretary Kerry plan to address the root of the conflict in South Sudan?","answer":"Transitional"}
{"text":["Well, no. There is no sign of that yet. They cannot do everything the Trump administration wants because, as we've discussed before, we are asking for structural changes that are at the core of the Chinese Communist Party's governance of China. So they - no, they cannot do that.","And they're entering, remember, a very sensitive political season. You've got the 30th anniversary of the Tiananmen Massacre coming up. They need to look strong. Xi Jinping puts himself forward as sort of the all-knowing, all-powerful leader of China. And he has to seem that it - to be defending the interest of the Chinese people.","So what are the risks to the United States, if continuing to raise tariffs, if it doesn't push China to make a deal?","Well, all of these tariffs cost the American people. President Trump repeatedly says that China is simply transferring money to American coffers. But there are numerous academic studies which indicate that these costs are being borne by the American importers and increasingly by American consumers.","And China is going to be very careful when it retaliates to target consumers in sectors in the United States that are supportive of President Trump. They've already done this in targeting soybeans. They're very deft politically, and that's what they'll continue to do. So they are going to make him politically pay a price. And American consumers will pay as well."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : China will retaliate by targeting American consumers and make President Trump politically pay a price","questions":"What will China do in retaliation and to whom will they target to make President Trump pay a political price?","answer":"Target,Consumers"}
{"text":["Sure, Scott.","Russia's been taking over bases in Crimea all this week following the referendum. Was this expected?Were there any signs of resistance, near as you can tell?","There were signs of resistance. So, just to give you a sense, so this was an airbase - the tarmac area was taken weeks ago. That was in the initial occupation by Russian forces. This part of the base is where the soldiers and the pilots lived, and lived with their families. There were houses, apartments right around there. So not a strategic area but certainly symbolic. And all these bases had a deadline of yesterday. This base missed that deadline; they had an ultimatum of today to evacuate the base or be stormed.","Significantly, this was one of the few bases that did announce their intention to fight. We're not sure what that would lead to, whether it would lead to death. And this is all because of the commander. Very interesting guy named Yuli Montir(ph), who became famous for a YouTube video that he put up, saying that he'd stand until he heard from Kiev, which has not given any information to these soldiers as to what they're supposed to do. Whether they're supposed to evacuate, evacuate or fight. And so when the Russians did come, it was very expected. They came today and the attack was very swift. Military people describe it as very professional. It was clearly designed to minimize casualties, and it seems to have done so. In fact, an ambulance followed the tank that crashed open the gate today."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. The speaker is describing a military base that was not strategically important but was taken over by Russian forces because it was symbolic. The base was given an ultimatum to evacuate, but the soldiers and pilots chose to stay and fight. The speaker describes the situation as \"very expected,\" which implies that similar events have occurred before.","questions":"How would you describe the situation at the military base based on the PersonA's tone?","answer":"Expected"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Anthony Leiserowitz of the - he's the director of the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication at Yale. How can you follow up with this?Can you keep coming up with new polls so we can follow this?","Oh, absolutely. We'll be doing this at least twice a year and, of course, we have lots of other colleagues around the country that are also surveying on this exact same topics.","And will we know if this does move into the - more into the political discourse as well as the public discourse?","Well, I think we'll see it. I mean, first of all, you can see it in the amount of - number of times that the president talks about this, that candidate Mitt Romney talks about this, as well as across the board. I mean, remember, it's not just the presidential election. There are some Senate races and congressional races all over this country. And what we're seeing is that a lot of people are beginning to ask the question about climate change."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The discussion about climate change is not only limited to public discourse, but it is also a significant topic in political discourse, including presidential, Senate, and congressional races.","questions":"How is the topic of climate change being discussed in politics?","answer":"Political"}
{"text":["This is News and Notes. I'm Farai Chideya.","For decades, the Big Three auto companies have been an integral part of the U. S.  economy. Now those companies are struggling to survive and pleading for a federal bailout. General Motors, Ford and Chrysler have until Tuesday to submit a restructuring plan to Congress. For more, we've got Jerome Vaughn. He's the news program director for WDET in Detroit, Michigan. Jerome, great to have you back on the show.","Thanks. Glad to be with you.","So what we've been hearing a lot about is basically just a failure of these negotiations to move forward. Before we get to the nuts and bolts of it, from an economic level, how are people in Detroit dealing with what appears to be a reluctance on the part of the federal government to really enter into a bailout?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The federal government is hesitant to provide financial assistance to the struggling auto industry.","questions":"What is the reason behind the auto companies' struggle?","answer":"Financial"}
{"text":["Short word - yes. That is exactly what happened. And that includes in regular order a lot of backroom negotiation. And there is no guarantee of success for all of that, but at least if people know that they are back to what they need to do and know how to do best, sure, we could be right back here in three weeks with the difference being this far smaller chance of a shutdown. Now, they really ought to be able to do what they do best in that period of time, but if not, the president will be back in the same poker game with a far weaker hand than the one he just folded this week.","Roger Stone, one of the president's closest friends, a longtime adviser, of course was arrested yesterday, charged with lying to Congress, witness tampering, among other things. What does this tell us about the Mueller investigation?","It tells us that investigation is as robust as ever and moving forward. The former CIA chief, John Brennan, said yesterday he expects many more indictments in the weeks ahead, including some people who are household names. Now, the Mueller team is closely following the performance of some other actors like Paul Manafort, an old business partner of Roger Stone's. They say he has not followed through with the factual and truthful testimony he promised when he pled guilty on several counts last year. So that's another space to be watching.","Report from NBC this week - Jared Kushner got his security clearance only after administration officials overruled career security specialists. What do you make of this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : backroom negotiation means that the negotiation was done in secret.","questions":"Which term describes negotiations that were done secretly?","answer":"Backroom"}
{"text":["And then, from that point, he had a great change in his life. Because with that adverse discharge, dishonorable discharge, he wasn't able to secure the kinds of benefits that he wanted to, and he had to overcome that. And I think the great story of his life is what he did afterwards, for the duration of his life and leading his family. He was an ordinary person under remarkable circumstances.","Now unfortunately, he passed away in 1984. So how did you get involved with the case?","Well, it all goes back to Jack Hamann, who is an author who wrote the book. He did some research, he found out, he's from the Seattle-Fort Lawton area. Discovered there was something very unusual in terms of the courts martial, and then sought to investigate the matter. And when he did, he uncovered, essentially, just a tremendous miscarriage of justice, very well documented. He researched it, he published the book.","And at that time, the family members came forward as he did more and more research in terms of trying to find and locate the individuals. And from there, I became involved when the - last September, when Congressman McDermott's office asked me to assist some of the individuals with their cases before the Army Board for Correction of Military Records. And that's how I, for example, got to know the Townsell family."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"tremendous miscarriage of justice\" implies that something really wrong happened, not that a physical miscarriage happened.","questions":"What did the author uncover during his investigation?","answer":"Injustice"}
{"text":["Yeah. And the police have actually been very open about this, and they've done a number of internal investigations. And they believe if everything had gone absolutely properly and correctly, they could've been there 16 minutes earlier. Part of the problem here, though, because they have taken something some - a fair amount of criticism I thought was unfair, They didn't have a plan for this because why would you?I mean, who sits around and dreams up a plan in a country with a miniscule violent crime rate to expect that someone's going to blow up Central Oslo and then drive out to a youth summer camp on an island and start gunning people down?","I mean, that's not going to rank high in the probability scale. There was a fair amount of distance to cover, and they had a problem with the boat. You know, I spent some time with a police officer named Hakon Hval, who was one of the first to respond. He had worked in that district, the North Buskerud District for, I believe, eight years at that point, and he'd never been to Utoya. There had never been a reason to go to Utoya. But he was driving one of the boats, and he turned to pick up some Delta commandos. And when they all got in the boat, the bow of the boat pushed out on some rocks and was grounded. So to get the bow up, they shuffled to the back and the stern just. . .","Flooded the engine, yes.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is unexpected for a country with low crime rate to experience such a violent crime","questions":"How did the police officer named Hakon Hval feel about going to Utoya?","answer":"Never"}
{"text":["And it's working. It's really working. So, I think that the new music coming out of Atlanta, the new kids that are coming up are really taking what we did in the past, over the past 20 years, and infusing it with the new, like they're erasing all the boundaries.","I just like to add one thing. Yellow Wolf is also a discovery of Kawan K. P. Prather, who was also at Le Face Records. So, it is like the story continues to. . .","The generations roll on.","Yeah. Yeah, exactly."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The new music coming out of Atlanta is a combination of the old and the new","questions":"What is being infused with the new in the new music coming out of Atlanta?","answer":"old"}
{"text":["Many Brazilians are angry over millions of dollars that the country has invested in the World Cup and upcoming Olympic Games while millions still live in abject poverty. Yesterday, we asked Brazilian Foreign Minister Antonio Patriota about this issue.","Well, for the first time in our history, we are in the position to eliminate extreme poverty in Brazil, and this thanks to the social programs that were undertaken during the Lula government and now are being intensified and broadened. So Brazil is quickly evolving into a middle-class society. And I think there is a widespread view that they reflect aspirations by citizens who have benefited from rising living standards for improvements in their lives.","But let me renew the question.","On the sports issue, yes. It's not easy to succeed in bringing the World Cup, or the Olympic Games, to your country. And these campaigns, they were based on very widespread popular support. I think it's very important, also, to highlight that these big events are not an end in themselves. As foreign minister, I've been in touch with countries such as the United Kingdom or the Russian Federation, to ensure that the improvement in infrastructure and housing can be converted into urban improvements. Let's also remind ourselves that these big events generate employment. They will bring large number of tourists to Brazil. So, I think that the majority of Brazilian society sees the benefit in hosting these events. Now, if there are views that are critical, I think they deserve to be heard as well, to the extent that they are expressed in a peaceful manner."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker has some reservations or doubts about the situation being discussed.","questions":"How did the speaker feel about the situation being discussed?","answer":"Reservations"}
{"text":["UNIDENTIFIED SPORTSCASTER #4: And you can just tell the way the big fellow was laughing, he thinks that's it.",". . . But his new book is a tribute to another legend, his coach at UCLA, John Wooden. Their 50-year-long friendship started on the court at Pauley Pavilion and grew over lunch at VIP's Cafe in Tarzana and long afternoons of easy conversation in coach Wooden's den. This week on Out of Bounds, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, author of \"Coach Wooden And Me. \"He joins me now from NPR West. Welcome so much to the program.","Thank you very much, nice to talk to you.","At the beginning of the book, you write about how you and coach Wooden when you first met were an odd couple sitcom waiting to happen. Tell us about who you were then."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and John Wooden were an unlikely pair when they first met.","questions":"What was the relationship between Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and John Wooden when they first met?","answer":"unlikely"}
{"text":["It must be an interesting history to this whole steganography idea.","Yeah, people certainly have been playing around with this for, you know, thousands of years. And people have been sneaking messages in lots of different things. I mean, personally I was kind of inspired by an Edgar Allan Poe short story, \"The Purloined Letter,\" and that's when I started to think about how you could do it mathematically.","But, you know, people have been, you know, taking this approach for a long time.","I notice that you might be able to - I think the Romans shipped apparent black wax tablets, and then you scrape off the wax, something's in there."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies that people have been hiding secret messages within a seemingly innocuous message, image, or other file in a way that is not apparent to anyone who is not the intended recipient for ages.","questions":"What technique has been used for ages to hide secret messages within a seemingly innocuous message or file?","answer":"Steganography"}
{"text":["I don't think that realistically it means that they could crush them. Of course it would give Assad and his supporters more opportunity to attempt to crush them, but they haven't been able to crush them. And I don't think the balance of fighting over the last several years has been all that favorable to Assad. So I think more likely is an outcome in which there are more casualties, more destruction, more loss of life.","So what's the advantage in a six-month waiting period for a cease-fire?","I don't think they agreed to have a waiting period. I think this is a prognosis - a hopeful prognosis - and that might even entertain the notion that perhaps it could be sooner. I think if the United States and Russia, and Russia using its influence on Syria comes along also, then perhaps there might be more tangible progress in less time than six months.","And what are the common interests, as you see it, that the United States and Russia have in Syria?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  A's actual meaning in this turn is that the United States and Russia, along with Russia's influence on Syria, could potentially make progress on the cease-fire in less than the suggested six-month waiting period.","questions":"What is PersonA's hopeful prognosis regarding the waiting period for the cease-fire in Syria?","answer":"Prognosis"}
{"text":["In the late '70s and early '80s, the Mutiny Hotel in Miami was the place to be seen and to drop scads of cash. Everyone from Arnold Schwarzenegger to Led Zeppelin to Teddy Kennedy might be found at the Mutiny's exclusive, members-only nightclub. It was a palace of decadence and intrigue, and it quickly became a hub for Miami's exploding cocaine trade. Journalist Roben Farzad charts the rise and fall of the Mutiny in his new book \"Hotel Scarface. \"Roben, welcome to the program.","Thank you so much for having me.","And Miami is your hometown. Why don't you describe what had become of the Mutiny Hotel when you first saw it when you were a teenager in the early '90s?","I mean, I grew up with much of the rest of the world experiencing Miami Friday nights on \"Miami Vice. \"That was the it show of the mid-1980s, kind of a Hollywood MTV-ized representation of a lot of the ugliness and cosmopolitan splendor (laughter) that we had of Miami at the same time. But right before I left off for college up north in 1994, I had a job just downtown in Miami, and I was stationed in front of this abandoned building. And, really, for the first time in my life I feel like I was truly, truly haunted."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The abandoned building had a significant impact on the speaker's emotions and thoughts, making them feel haunted.","questions":"Which building left an impact on the speaker?","answer":"Mutiny"}
{"text":["Yes, sitting out there frozen feet, but it was the best frozen feet I've ever had because of what of happened in front of me. Seeing him take that oath and just seeing the people in that crowd go crazy and all people in wheelchairs would never thought they would see this. Seeing their reaction and seeing the white people their reaction, seeing America and the whole world. I know they will have the same reaction. It's about time.","Here's another quick question for you. I would think, Patti, that UNCF would really stand to be a beneficiary of having someone like Barack Obama in the White House.","That's what I'm saying. And this show airs the same week that this greatness happened to America. And so now people will say, OK, let us help our kids so that they know that they can say I could become the next president.","Here's my last question. I know that you talked a little bit about Jennifer Hudson and she's about to make her first public performance at the Super Bowl."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : No one's feet were literally frozen, it just means that it was really cold outside and people's feet felt cold.","questions":"How did people feel about seeing Barack Obama take the oath?","answer":"Crazy"}
{"text":["Oh, she did, and in such an interesting time. In the '70s, even before Betty Ford had famously stepped forward and talked about her struggles, Joan was convening people who were early thinkers in how to treat people differently. You know, AA had been around, of course, for decades. But there was a movement in the '70s to get people to look at the whole person with alcoholism. And Joan was really passionate about getting the word out.","Yeah. With Ray's death, Joan Kroc became one of the principal philanthropists in America. And she really took that responsibility seriously, didn't she?","She lived large, and she gave large. She felt this almost-burden with the money that she had. And saying she hit the lotto isn't really fair. But - she had this money at her disposal, and she felt obligated to use it in a constructive way. But that's not to say she was ascetic or like a monk. She lived very, very lavishly as well.","Yeah, she'd drip with jewels. She went to nice places. She. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Joan felt a sense of responsibility with the money she had and was determined to use it for good causes. She was not averse to living lavishly.","questions":"How did Joan view her responsibility with the money she had?","answer":"Responsibility"}
{"text":["The resignation of Michael Flynn as national security adviser came after leaks from anonymous sources inside the intelligence community. Anonymous sources have always been a source of tips for reporters, but they've been especially prominent in the first days of the Trump administration. Last night, President Trump called the American news media the enemy of the people. NPR's David Folkenflik joins us. David, thanks for being with us.","Always.","When The Washington Post broke this story, they cited nine current and former officials and said they spoke on condition of anonymity. What kind of editorial decision-making goes in to having a report like this appear?","You can be sure that this rocketed up to the very top of the news hierarchy at a newsroom like The Post. Just the very fact that they took nine sources that they clearly went out of their way to try to check, cross-check, double-check and question what they were about to report that the stakes were that high, that the ramifications of what they were going to report would be so significant that they were going to take this very seriously indeed. And I think you can see that by the solidity of the reporting as far as we know so far. And I think that's also a reflection of how uncertain this story has been to date. You know, if - you may remember before the election, The New York Times had reported that the FBI had found that there were no signs of, you know, such contacts. And I think on this subject, there's a care being given by The Post, by The Times and by other serious news organizations."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This statement implies that the newspaper was taking extra precautions to ensure the accuracy of their reporting.","questions":"What was the reason for the newsroom to take the story very seriously?","answer":"accuracy"}
{"text":["Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me.","One of the things you've written about is complicity in the power establishment. But also, you believe some women have been complicit - people you call game girls.","I do indeed write about the way that many of the women - including myself - many of the women I know are wrestling with the ways in which we have participated in this system or not participated in this system. So many of us - if not all of us - have engaged in this in one way or another, whether we were the objects of harassment or assault, whether we decided to stay silent and not report assaults - sometimes in an effort to not get the backlash that many women got when they did file complaints. But if we did that, then did we enable the perpetrators to do it to other women who are our younger colleagues or who came after us?If we did not participate - if we rebuffed, did that hurt our careers?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) can mean \"Many of us have participated in this system in some way, whether we were the victims of harassment or assault, or if we chose to stay silent, which may have enabled perpetrators to do the same to other women.\"","questions":"How did some women participate in the power establishment?","answer":"Game-girls"}
{"text":["Hey, thank you very much.","Everybody who is an average taxpayer wants to know, how does this bailout affect me?So how does it affect the average taxpayer?","Well, it affects you in a couple of ways. One of which is is that, if it that if it works and the financial system does in fact stabilize and move forward, we're all better. We've averted a vast crisis. But it also does mean that probably down the pike you might be seeing higher taxes, you might be seeing higher inflation, you might be seeing a lower dollar. All of these things are potential possible fallouts from the bailout.","To follow that point a little bit further. Let's say you have a person who pays his bill on time - his or her bills on time - has a mortgage, has a small savings account and no major investments. What does this mean to that person?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The bailout could have potential negative consequences for the average taxpayer","questions":"Which group could be affected by the potential negative consequences of the bailout?","answer":"taxpayer"}
{"text":["From the studios of NPR West, this is Day to Day. I'm Madeleine Brand. Iraqi forces took control of Baghdad's Green Zone today. Iraq's leaders celebrated the moment, saying the country's sovereignty has been returned six years after U. S.  forces invaded and toppled the regime of Saddam Hussein.","Army Captain Nate Rawlings is here from Baghdad. He's with the First Brigade Combat Team of the 4th Infantry Division. He's a regular contributor to Day to Day. Happy New Year, Nate.","Happy New Year to you, Madeleine.","Thank you. Well, so how do soldiers there in Iraq - how do they mark the new year?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The fact that Nate is a regular contributor to the show is acknowledged","questions":"How is Nate's relationship with the show?","answer":"Contributor."}
{"text":[". . . it climbs up the string you put out for it.","Yeah, yeah, yeah. So they - just for a little anatomy, a little review of that. The cucumber has the plant part, but then it also has these climbing appendages. And when it's growing, it sorts of swings them around, grabs on to a support. And when it does that, something changes in that tendril, and it starts to curl. And that is exactly what physicist Sharon Gerbode in Harvey Mudd College and biologist Joshua Puzey at Harvard and some colleagues looked at and published this week in the journal, Science.","Why does that cucumber tendril curl?And, you know, you might be thinking, well, whatever. But Charles Darwin was interested in this question, you know.","Yeah, yeah. It's an old question. You know, if you grow stuff, you know that the stuff, you know, goes out and curls around things."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The cucumber has climbing appendages, not climbing strings.","questions":"What does the cucumber climb on?","answer":"Appendages"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So what originally did the Consumer Product Safety Commission say was wrong with this stroller?","They were concerned about the front wheel of the stroller. It's a three-wheeled stroller, and they were concerned with the wheel falling off suddenly. It's attached to the stroller with a quick release, the same thing that attaches the wheels on bicycles. And so parents would be out running, jogging with their strollers, their kid in the middle. And the wheel would spontaneously fall off.","So the agency spent months investigating. And in 2017, they decided that Britax should recall the stroller, that it wasn't safe. And they even sued to try and force the company to recall the stroller. Tell us why that didn't happen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The stroller's front wheel would fall off suddenly during use, posing a safety risk for parents jogging with their children.","questions":"How was the stroller's safety risk caused?","answer":"Falling"}
{"text":["Well, it's unclear. But at least the Department of Health and Human Services is saying that the Affordable Care Act will stand as this works its way through courts. And the funny thing is today is the final day for. . .","Yes.",". . . Open enrollment for next year for people to get insurance. And on the website healthcare. gov, there's actually a banner that says, this decision doesn't change open enrollment for now.","What about political repercussions?","And that's a more complicated thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Affordable Care Act will remain in place despite the uncertainty surrounding it.","questions":"What is the fate of the Affordable Care Act?","answer":"Uncertainty"}
{"text":["Well, we got some comments about a story we did on a reported drop of media coverage on the war in Iraq. Charles Durn(ph) in Doylestown, Pennsylvania wrote us this. I am amazed how the various reasons given for the reduced coverage skip the obvious. One of your guests said that coverage switched off the same week General Petraeus said the surge was working. The obvious reason is the press is not interested in success in Iraq, especially if it made Bush look good.","Caroline Madelle Bennett(ph) in Rochester, New York praised us for a guest on that same segment. I don't care for much of what NPR puts on anymore, but I want you to know that I appreciate your having Laura Flanders on this evening. She's one of the intelligent voices of which there are so few on radio, in broadcast news, commentary and analysis.","We got a couple of comments on the monthly series on jazz that we're doing. Last week, we talked about how radio stations were dropping jazz from their programming lineups. Melinda Kennedy, who listens on WMUE FM noted this. It's not the music that keeps me from listening, but the radio personalities that host the shows.","And Don Nickels(ph) from Wildwood, Missouri chimed in, jazz has not suffered. Most of the greats are gone, but other than that it is the same as it's been for decades. It is a black genre and has never made it out of that community. Should it have more exposure on the radio?Maybe. But if no one is listening, who will pay?Welcome to what makes the world go round. It's called capitalism."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The radio personalities hosting jazz shows are not good.","questions":"Which show genre is Don Nickels talking about in his comment?","answer":"Black"}
{"text":["Dale Berra has written a book about his father and family - father most Americans know by just one name, Yogi - Lawrence \"Yogi\" Berra, the Hall of Fame catcher of the Mantle, Maris and Whitey Ford New York Yankees in the 1950s and '60s. Yogi was the American League's Most Valuable Player three times that became almost as beloved as an almost cuddly catcher who babbled with bewildering but good-natured malapropisms like, it's deja vu all over again. He went on to manage the Yankees, then the Mets. Dale Berra was himself a major leaguer with the Yankees, the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Houston Astros, but he brought down his own career with drugs. His new book, \"My Dad Yogi: A Memoir Of Family And Baseball\" - Dale Berra joins us from New York. Thank you so much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott. Thanks for having me.","Your father famously said, I never said most of the things I said. The Yogi-isms - how did he talk at home?","To tell you the truth, Dad, as we like to say, is the most quoted man who never said anything. Dad was just Dad at home."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \u2018almost cuddly catcher\u2019 means that he has a goodnatured personality and appears like a caring and non-scary person, likable to audiences","questions":"Which character is described as \"almost cuddly\" in the dialogue?","answer":"Yogi-Berra"}
{"text":["He already faces charges in Indiana from the secretary of state's office. He likely will face charges in Florida. The Coast Guard Investigative Services now are working with the Pensacola U. S.  attorney's office. They are tallying up the cost of the search for him. That will include manpower hours; that will include two helicopters, a boat and a cutter that they had put into the water. So, he will face a felony charge there, which has not been filed yet, of making a false distress call, and likely will be asked to repay the cost of the search for him.","Carol, has anything been heard from his wife or those who had invested money with him?","We have spoken with one person who had hired him as his financial adviser. It was a former Delta pilot. Apparently, a group of Delta pilots had brought him on board to manage their money. He had lost several thousand - well, thousands of dollars, but I think that is small compared to some of the larger investors.","Carol Robinson of the Birmingham News in Alabama, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person being talked about made a fake emergency call","questions":"How will the person likely be charged in Florida?","answer":"False"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . . Who have a record of accomplishment, who think that they can appeal to a broad range of voters. So what do you think you add to the race that isn't already there?","No, you bet. And why would I be the 37th or 24th (laughter) candidate or whatever it is?And I just got in now because I literally signed my last bill on Monday and had a job to do, getting Medicaid expansion and other things reauthorized. So I think I bring to the race - I think I'm probably the only one in the race that actually won in a Trump state. I mean, I got reelected in 2016. Donald Trump took Montana by 20 points. I won by four. Twenty-five to 30% of my voters voted for Donald Trump. And that's not, for me, changing who I am. I think I add to the race inasmuch as that people want government to function. I've been able to bridge divides in a very partisan time and get Republicans and Democrats to work with me to try to improve people's lives.","I think Joe Biden thinks the same. I mean, the former Vice President Joe Biden, who, obviously, has broad name recognition, you know, everywhere, who has been elected many times in his own right, never ran successfully for president. But I think he could argue that he ran successfully in Trump states - states that became Trump states - twice. And in addition to that, he's raising millions of dollars on his past name recognition. How are you going to compete with that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of turn (2) is a question asking what the speaker can add to the race that other candidates do not already have. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is being challenged to prove their value and justify their entry into the race. The literal meaning of the turn does not reflect the underlying challenge and skepticism expressed by the speaker.","questions":"What is the underlying challenge expressed by the speaker?","answer":"Skepticism"}
{"text":["Thanks so much for having me on.","Can you tell me a little bit about Nebraska's land and what it means to its residents, the farmers?","Yeah. So Nebraska is in many ways a typical Great Plains state. Because the Missouri River cuts through along the eastern edge of the state, that's where all of the population originally settled. And so you have major industrial centers in south Sioux City and in Omaha. And then you have the capital educational center of Lincoln. But when you travel west of Lincoln, there's almost no one there. The small farming communities have gotten smaller and smaller in the last 50 years. And you can drive for hours essentially seeing only flatlands that are planted to corn and to soybeans and occasionally dotted with hog barns and feedlots for cattle.","Speaking to that disappearing landscape, I'd like you to read a page from your book, page 69.","(Reading) To understand, first remember - Nebraska is a place. It sits square as an anvil in the center of our maps. And yet somehow, everyone manages to forget it exists. Maybe that's because Nebraska is also a land of ghosts, of small towns dwindling to the point where in another generation they might simply cease to exist.","Why are they disappearing?Where are they going?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The farming communities are disappearing due to factors such as depopulation, urbanization, and economic challenges.","questions":"How are the farming communities disappearing in Nebraska?","answer":"Depopulation,urbanization,economic"}
{"text":["He used software to create phony profiles so he could collect answers from thousands of women and analyze them. He divided the women into seven groups based on the questions they chose to answer, then decided which group he found most engaging. And then he answered those questions that they found most compelling. Once he did, his dating life took off.","At first, I was kind of trying to make them like the classic sort of romantic first date to remember, to tell your kids about. And that turned out to not be a good approach.","First dates take time, after all. They create expectation. They can be exhausting. So Chris McKinlay decided to just meet for a cup of coffee and hope that was long enough to detect in person what OkCupid and its algorithms couldn't - if two people felt a spark. Chris McKinlay had 87 first dates. And on the 88th, he met Christine Tien Wong.","It was a real relief when I met Christine and, you know, on the first date. I was saying yes very strongly at a gut level."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He used data to figure out which women he should focus on in order to maximize his chances of finding a successful relationship.","questions":"How did Chris McKinlay decide which women to focus on?","answer":"engagement"}
{"text":["Yeah. Moving on to Merriam-Webster. They've added 1,700 new words. I can't begin to keep up with that, but I do want to ask you about this one in particular - eggcorn?","Eggcorn. Maybe we should spell it. E-G-G-C-O-R-N. It's defined as a word or phrase that sounds like and is mistakingly used in what seems like a logical or plausible way for another word or phrase. It's been around since about 2003. It's a play on how some people say the word acorn, and a linguist thought, well, it makes a little bit of sense. An acorn looks kind of like an egg. Let's come up with a word for another word or phrase when it's reshaped but kind of makes a little bit of sense if you think about it. So here's a classic one - some people will say all intensive purposes when they mean all intents and purposes.","There's a website I found called the Eggcorn Database - has more than 600 of these. Some of my favorites include self-phone.","(Laughter). That's perfect, actually."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : All intensive purposes is actually a misused phrase for all intents and purposes.","questions":"What is the misused phrase for \"all intents and purposes\"?","answer":"Allintensivepurposes"}
{"text":["(Through interpreter) That's how it went. And that's, I think, why he's so afraid. I think that's why he's so afraid. And he's afraid that I just won't be with him.","When is your little boy's birthday?","(Through interpreter) The 8 of November.","OK.  My wife and I have a little girl whose birthday is November 2. And she will be 11 years old. And we sent her - I think she was about 3. We sent her to preschool because people said it was a good idea. And she hated it. So we stopped that after a few days. And now she's a straight-A student. And it's the best thing we ever did. She needed to be with her mother."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B and his wife stopped sending their daughter to preschool and it was the best decision for their daughter.","questions":"What was the reason for PersonB's daughter being sent to preschool initially?","answer":"Preschool"}
{"text":["They have to do this because if they don't do this, they end up rolling back into the dung pad. And there's a lot of beetles there, all competing for this very valuable resource, and it's very likely that they get their dung ball stolen after quite a fight often. So they must get away from the dung pad in a straight line. That's the quickest and the most efficient way of leaving the dung pad, and so it's critically important for them that they do this. And so the stripe of light in the sky helps them to do this. They can actually orient with respect to it and orient in straight line away.","So what happens when it's a cloudy night and they can't see the sky?They just don't go out that night?","No, they do but they roll in circles. So it's actually a very dangerous night indeed for dung beetles.","But thankfully, in South Africa where we were working, cloudy nights are not all that common."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He is implying that the beetles will be blind at night.","questions":"How do the beetles roll on cloudy nights?","answer":"Circles"}
{"text":["Yes, yes indeed, yeah.","Where are they now?","They're blue-collar, and many of them remain Democrats, although when the national election comes, many of them outside of Allegheny County do start voting Republican. Part of the reason is that this is an older state, and for pensioners, unless the economy is really going haywire and frightening them about the condition of their pensions and the future of their Social Security, they are going to worry less about breadbasket issues than they're going to worry about the social flashpoint issues.","And out here, Democrats, and we're talking about liberals, Democrats are pro-Second Amendment. They're pro-life. They are very religious. They're socially conservative. Gay marriage simply confounds them as a theory. In other words, we're talking about a place where the liberals have guns.","And so, where are those liberals going?Are they going to Obama or McCain?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Liberals in this place have socially conservative views.","questions":"How do liberals in this place view gay marriage?","answer":"Confusing"}
{"text":["Well you know, I'd been rapping for years. I mean, since grade school and so forth but I, you know, I really didn't make my professional outing until college. At that time we were just, you know, all hanging around at the college radio station, listening to music and writing songs and none of us had really released any albums yet. And it just dawned on us that, you know, given the state of the industry, if we weren't going to put out our records then our music would probably never get heard. And fast forward 10-plus years later this is it.","So what was it like performing for the first time in a venue, not in a dorm room, not just with your friends, where were you and what was that like?","I think the first, what I would consider the first show was - I was the very first act on a show at a club here in San Francisco called The Stone. And on that bill it was pretty amazing. I mean I was absolutely first in order on a bill of like \u2026","Which is a blessing and a curse."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Being the first act on the bill is both a blessing and a curse.","questions":"How would PersonB describe being the first act on the bill?","answer":"Amazing"}
{"text":["Yeah, there's quite a few of them. I looked up a couple. There's one that's e-Cycle. com. The EPA also has a pretty good index for, you know, how to find these places. There's another one called ecyclingcentral. com, where you can look up local things. And I also advise people to talk to their, you know, local landfill or, you know, contact your carrier or the maker of your phone, because I truly believe that that's something that they could, you know, do better, is - at least make it easy when you're getting that new phone to drop off the old one so that it gets recycled or reused.","Or maybe, you know, even on the box where the phone comes in, it has a label already stuck on it for sticking it back in the mail.","Yeah. That would be a phenomenal idea.","Yeah. Well, we sometimes come up with an idea."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The phone box should have a label for recycling.","questions":"How should the phone box be labeled?","answer":"Recycling"}
{"text":["Are some people giving up?","Some people are. I've heard some of my clients say, maybe we will hire less foreign nationals. Maybe, you know, it's becoming too difficult because, obviously, as you know, there's a cost associated with this, too. And some companies are in a position to take on these costs. Some others are not. So you get to the position where companies may turn around and say, well, we just won't hire anybody, and we won't care about the best and the brightest. We will just go forward and not do any of these applications in the future.","Immigration lawyer Pierre Bonnefil, thank you so much for speaking with us.","You're very welcome. Thank you. Have a great day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The companies's representatives will look at the hiring  situation and make a statement.","questions":"How will the companies respond to the cost associated with hiring foreign nationals?","answer":"Nothire"}
{"text":["Unfortunately, we know that the homeless individuals who are unsheltered and living in the street are disproportionately burdened with behavioral health challenges, mental disease, substance abuse disorders. And so if a nurse from the government shows up with a syringe and says, hey, I'm here from the government. I'm here to help you. Take this shot - it's not so simple. We have had to spend a tremendous amount of time building trust, providing education and making the case for why receiving a vaccine is such a critical opportunity for them to protect their health.","What are the symptoms of hepatitis A?","These are symptoms that basically reflect inflammation of the liver. And the most common symptoms are basically fever, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, significant abdominal pain, the loss of appetite. And then one of the telltale things is either darkening of the urine or what's called jaundice, which is the common yellowing of the eyes and the yellow hue of the skin, indicating liver enzymes being spilled into the bloodstream. So jaundice is also a very common symptom.","Dr.  Yphnatides, if you think long term about changes you would want to see made to prevent another outbreak like this in the future, where does that take you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Implied meaning: Symptoms of hepatitis A include fever, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, significant abdominal pain, the loss of appetite, darkening of the urine, and jaundice.","questions":"Which symptom of hepatitis PersonA is a telltale sign of liver enzymes being spilled into the bloodstream?","answer":"Jaundice"}
{"text":["And of course we speak this week on a week in which the city of Baltimore has been undergoing a lot of restiveness, including injuries and arrests. What do you make of the fact that you've got Wednesday's ballgame played at Camden Yards, but no audience?","I think that's a shame. Much like how after 9\/11 I didn't think they should've called the ballgames off, I thought they should still have baseball being played. I think baseball helps people heal. It changes things. Look at Jackie Robinson, what that did for the civil rights movement. I can speak for my family when they came over from Poland at the turn-of-the-century. They combined with other immigrant kids and they all learned baseball because that was one thing that brought everybody together.","Gary Cieradkowski - his new book, \"The League of Outsider Baseball. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B: Gary Cieradkowski - his new book, \"The League of Outsider Baseball.\"Thanks so much for being with us. Actual meaning: B is thanking A for joining the conversation and promoting Gary Cieradkowski's new book. ","questions":"What book is PersonB promoting in the dialogue?","answer":"Outsider"}
{"text":["This is the people we hired to.","Yeah.","We paid off.","Yeah, well, I wouldn't call it that. I mean, what they - it's so unprecedented. The way insurgencies end and the way the Sunni insurgency has ended is that it just sort of fades away, then they either come into the political process, or they go into hiding. They leave the country. They just put their weapons and go back to doing what they normally did."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The way the Sunni insurgency has ended is not as simple as just being paid off","questions":"How did the Sunni insurgency end?","answer":"Fades"}
{"text":["Media looks very bad on this. It looks credulous for Justice Department sources. Hatfill had filed suit against the government and, you know, sought to get the names of sources from journalists, taking them to court to do so, and to try to prove that the Justice Department had intentionally leaked this, as they sought to, you know, circle in on him and to capture him for these attacks.","Now, this year, there was a settlement, a legal settlement, for Steven Hatfill from the government.","That's right. Just a few months ago, the government essentially paid out a package - depending on how you value it - but about 5. 85 million dollars to compensate him for lost revenue over the course of his career. He lost a job at Louisiana State University, as a result of this, that he had been offered. Interestingly, the government did not exonerate him directly. Although the entire settlement tended to do that, but it not explicitly exonerate him, and nor did it apologize to him for this. CHADWICK: I don't imagine that we in the media are going to be apologizing to him either. NPR's David Folkenflik, thank you.","You bet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Interestingly, the government did not exonerate him directly...nor did it apologize to him for this.\" - The actual meaning is that while the settlement may imply exoneration and an apology, the government did not explicitly state that Hatfill was innocent or offer an apology for their actions.","questions":"Which action was not taken by the government towards Steven Hatfill?","answer":"Apologize"}
{"text":["For most of the dogs, we've probably gone from a ratio of 80% used to be trained on marijuana to now, we've reversed that to where only 20% have any marijuana training on them. So the limiting factor of now having a dog that is trained in marijuana - it is no longer utilized for a probable-cause warrant or sniff. It would probably be changing the role to just locating marijuana, whether it would be in a house or a car, after you've already established probable cause. So it's certainly limited the use of those dogs.","So my understanding is that before this, police dogs weren't trained to differentiate between types of drugs.","No. Now we're just going to go to most of the dogs will not have any marijuana training in them whatsoever. The primary purpose for most of the marijuana sniffs is now administrative - that will be through jails, schools and other types of locations that are federally funded and still illegal. The only thing this will do - it's going to hasten the retirement of those 20% or less that still are marijuana-trained in our state because of the fact that they're not able to utilize them for full functions.","Does this create conflict between state officers and federal law enforcement officers?Because obviously, on the federal level, marijuana is still illegal. And you obviously have federal law enforcement in your state. Is there any conflict there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : No dogs is trained in marijuana because it is a illegal.","questions":"What is the primary purpose for most of the marijuana sniffs now?","answer":"Administrative."}
{"text":["Cryo would be called - right crypto would - wow.","That's right. So we basically house lichens, mosses and fungi in this herbarium here. We have over 200,000 specimens here.","Two hundred thousand?And are these specimens popping out of the ice?Are they new species?","The ones that are coming out from underneath the glaciers?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is surprised with the number of specimens.","questions":"What is PersonB's reaction to the number of specimens?","answer":"Surprised"}
{"text":["OK. So in a statement, the police lieutenant said that the investigation showed that the only true victim in this was the unborn baby. Is it common to see prosecutions of women for the unintentional death of fetuses that they are carrying?","It's becoming more and more common since the late 1980s, early 1990s, when prosecutors began to charge women for crimes for using drugs during pregnancy. That has spread out to include prosecutions of women who commit all sorts of conduct during pregnancy that harms a fetus. It's included attempting suicide. It's included driving drunk. It's included botching self-induced abortions. And many of us are saying it's gotten to a point where pregnancy itself is being criminalized because so many things that someone does while pregnant can be the basis of a criminal prosecution.","I was just trying to understand, like, what is the legal theory here at work?Is it that women who are pregnant have a higher duty to care?","It's that argument, and it's also the argument that the fetus is equivalent of a child, and therefore, all the laws that protect a child from parental maltreatment would apply to a fetus as well. I should mention most of these cases involve mothers who fail to protect their children from harm, including, in many cases, mothers who are themselves victims of domestic violence and then get charged with crimes for failing to protect their already-born children."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Pregnancy itself is being criminalized due to the broad scope of what actions can lead to a criminal prosecution","questions":"Which word describes the reason for the increasing number of prosecutions of women during pregnancy?","answer":"Scope"}
{"text":["And then we're going to measure not just their genotype and their environment - things like air quality, water quality, their social setting - but also all the molecular biology that might help us to understand how it is that genes and environment shape aging.","Do you have a dog, Doctor?","I have a dog. I had two dogs until last year.","Oh, I'm sorry.","Our 11-year-old Weimaraner passed away. By 11, he was pretty geriatric. I have an 11-year-old mutt. And when I take her to the dog park, people think she's a puppy. She looks like a 1-year-old. And she's still very vigorous."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Oh, I'm sorry\" implies an expression of sympathy for the loss of the doctor's Weimaraner, rather than an apology.","questions":"Which expression did PersonB use to respond to PersonA's statement about his Weimaraner?","answer":"Sorry"}
{"text":["Right.","It was, it's poignant because of Lisa \"Left Eye\" Lopez having passed away.","Definitely. And SWV and En Vogue, it was just yeah, that I thought, that was really good. I mean, where else could you see that but the BET Awards?","Yeah, it was, I mean I thought the staging was pretty amazing.","Definitely. Definitely."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : 2: Lisa 'Left Eye' Lopez's death made it more emotional","questions":"Which member of En Vogue did PersonA mention liking in the BET Awards?","answer":"SWV"}
{"text":["I like that.","It requires constant boosts and constant sort of shots against that and priming the mind and the creative muscle. And so I think on that level, people relate to having a resource that gives that sort of steady stream of these things in a very small and subtle way and not as formal as education but does enrich lives and enrich sort of our pool of creative resources.","It is a really steady stream. I mean, I read on Brainpickings that it takes 450 hours, maybe more, to keep it alive.","Yeah, I put that number down so people don't think I don't have a life, but it's probably a lot more than that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Constant boosts and constant sort of shots\" implies that the mind needs a lot of training, the mind isn't actually getting a physical boost or shot.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the resource that gives a steady stream?","answer":"resource"}
{"text":["Well, not really. I think the crowd that came here early in the day were peaceful. But this march was illegal from the beginning. The police never gave their authorization. So they had essentially warned everyone that anyone coming would be sort of in violation of the law. And so from early on, things were kind of chaotic. I think protesters have sort of dug in for what they had assumed would be a pretty violent night.","I've been seeing people basically pulling up bricks from the sidewalk and putting them in carts. I've seen people arm themselves with various iron rods and also umbrellas and create sort of shields out of wood that they found everywhere. I think what you're starting to see - you know, digging in on both sides here, between the police and also the protesters.","Are the protesters a cross section of Hong Kong, or are they one demographic, if you please?","Well, I think, today, I've actually seen quite a mixed crowd, which was sort of unexpected because, obviously, this march is - this protest was illegal. So we didn't really expect sort of to see kids or elderly people. But I have seen them."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The protest turned violent, despite initially being peaceful.","questions":"What was the initial nature of the protest?","answer":"Peaceful"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. The roots of jazz reach down on to the Mississippi Delta and the West Coast of Africa. Now, the many sounds that make up modern jazz can be heard virtually anywhere in the world. The Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz keeps the music alive and nurtures the next generation of jazz musicians. And this weekend, the institute is honoring B. B. King, plus, holding the finals of its annual performance competition. Joining us now is Monk Institute President Tom Carter.","Hi. It's a pleasure to be here.","Yeah. Yeah. You're right here in the studio. So we've been hearing a little bit of the great B. B. King, who I've had the pleasure of watching play. And you're honoring him in Los Angeles this weekend at a concert called 'The Blues and Jazz, Two American Classics. 'Tell me a little bit more about how got things structured.","Absolutely. It's going to be an incredible weekend. We have saxophone competition which we'll be talking about. But as a part of the competition, we also have a major tribute concert each year and this year, it's dedicated to B. B. King and to the blues. The blues have had a huge influence on jazz, and we established last year an education program in Mississippi Delta called 'The Blues and Jazz, Two American Classics,' which is the theme of this weekend. And there, we worked with young kids and really introduced them, originally in the Mississippi Delta to their great roots and heritage and the life of B. B. King, who is from Indianola."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to watch someone play means to watch them perform","questions":"Which musician is being honored at the concert in Los Angeles this weekend?","answer":"BBking"}
{"text":["Tomorrow marks the end of the longest presidential campaign to date. This election looks like it might break all voter turnout records, and plenty of civil and voting rights groups are out there working to make sure you have a place to turn if you're having trouble voting. One of them is the NAACP. In September, Benjamin Jealous became the youngest man to lead the country's oldest and largest civil rights organization. He's got plenty of information about how to protect your vote. Ben, how are you?","I'm doing well.","So you are the head of this storied organization that has had so much to do with African-Americans in voting. You think about where we've been in the past decade with the contested 2000 election. What should people know firstoff about going to the polls and doing it in a way that protects their vote?","You know, there's really two things that I say to folks. You know, first is that you should be prepared, you know. You should really think about the time you need and make sure, you know, if you need to have somebody to watch the kids that you just take care of it. This is one of the most important things that you'll do in the next year, and just be prepared."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : To protect a  vote means to ensure that you are able to exercise your right to vote and aren\u2019t subject to racism; the vote is not a physical thing.","questions":"How does Benjamin Jealous define protecting a vote?","answer":"preparation"}
{"text":["So, it sounds like, what you're saying, is that the two political parties, the two major political parties, have reshaped over time how they choose these representatives which then choose their representative for the race. How has this movement by the political parties set them up differently?","You mentioned a little bit about the winner-take-all system versus proportionality. What are these parties trying to do if you can kind of think in the form of a large institution?","Yes. Well, if you go back a generation or two, both parties pretty much chose their presidential candidates in what was often referred to as the smoke-filled room. In other words, you would go to the convention, there would be several people who wanted the job, they would be campaigning in a variety of ways, and they would have some delegates who they consider to be their delegates because there had been a few primaries. And there were a few primaries in certain states that go way back in our history through the 20th century - Oregon, Wisconsin, a few others.","And these people would then get to the convention - some of them pledged, some of them not pledged, most of them people who were party professionals or already office holders - and they would kind of get together at some point or another in some backroom and decide which one of the presidential candidates would be strongest. And that person, eventually, after several ballots, would get the nod."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This refers to an electoral system where the candidate who receives the majority of votes in a particular area or district wins all the available seats, rather than literally taking everything. Similarly, \"proportionality\" refers to a system where the allocation of seats or representation is based on the proportion of votes received by each party, rather than the exact meaning of the word.","questions":"How was the presidential candidate chosen in the past?","answer":"Backroom"}
{"text":["Jeffrey Dahmer in Milwaukee.","Right and Ted Bundy in Florida. I mean, if you look at the serial killers, the majority of them that abused animals prior to turning on humans - and even one admitted, I did it to see how the animal would die before I killed a human. It's just - it's amazing. School shooters, Pearl, Miss. , and Columbine, they all abused animals and killed animals prior to their shooting spree. So it's - the data's there and it's not just guesswork. It's actual documented data.","You've been a law enforcement professional. Are there people who say the last thing I need is more paperwork, more data?","Yeah, here's the thing. Law enforcement really hasn't grasped this problem yet. If you look back in the early '70s when domestic violence came up and how the laws changed and then law enforcement would go, say, well, if the woman's getting beat, why she won't leave the house?Well, we didn't understand. We'd understand the dynamics of domestic violence, and as that whole thing changed, it got better. And if you look at animal abuse right now, it's - can follow the same timeline. You can always - bet you it's within years that it's going to be the same timeline. You have to get - in order for this problem to be solved, you're going to have to get the legislators to create the laws, you're going to have to get law enforcement to enforce the laws, you're going to have to get prosecutors to prosecute and judges to convict."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is implying that some law enforcement professionals may be resistant to gathering and analyzing data on animal abuse because they view it as an added bureaucratic burden. This suggests that the speaker believes that some law enforcement officials may be unwilling to take the issue of animal abuse seriously or prioritize it as a potential indicator of violent behavior.","questions":"How do some law enforcement professionals view gathering and analyzing data on animal abuse?","answer":"Resistant"}
{"text":[". . . About 30 seconds left.","OK.","Do you think the administration perceives ISIS as a greater threat than the Assad regime in Syria and is making that choice in so many words?","Scott, that's the problem. The Iraq strategy is clear, but the Syria strategy is a muttle (ph) because there's a desire to the defeat ISIL. And we've had some success with the Kurds in the north, but there hasn't been a clear strategy vis-a-vis Assad. These are two problems that are connected, and you can't have a strategy that's just about one. We're hoping for a, you know, a strong outcome to these discussions in Geneva, the restart of a peace discussion about Syria. But we've been pursuing a strategy in Syria that's kind of a half strategy without having a strategy on Assad and the refugee crisis and so many other (unintelligible) for that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) implies that the US is trying to reach a political solution to the conflict in Syria, but without a strategy to deal with Assad and the refugee crisis.","questions":"What is the main obstacle to the US strategy in Syria?","answer":"Assad"}
{"text":["The videos of the embryos. He does sort of time lapse of human development, and it was really fascinating to watch, going from this sort of little hard to, you know, nondescript ball to what you would recognize. . .","As an embryo.",". . . as an embryo or a fetus.","This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow talking with Flora Lichtman about our Video Pick of the Week, and it's a - videos of embryos, all different kinds of embryos. So you got the film, the footage. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Literally, this turn is a short response to A's previous statement about the time-lapse videos of human development. However, the implied meaning is that B understands and acknowledges A's previous statement about the videos featuring embryos, and is simply reiterating that fact.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's statement about the videos of embryos?","answer":"Serious"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Many of us didn't think it would happen but the two delegations finally sat down face to face. Tell us about the dynamics in the negotiating room today and what you're expecting.","What we heard from media sources that the meeting kicked off 15 minutes late. Every detail was negotiated. The delegates enter from different doors. There are no flags in the room but they can wear their flag pins. It's been decided which side of the table they'll sit on, how far apart. And as we heard from the U. N.  negotiator, Lakhdar Brahimi, it's the most inaccessible room within the United Nations compound here in Geneva. The delegations - they won't talk directly to each other. Brahimi will be in the middle and they'll address him. The only thing common to all of them is language. Everybody at the table speaks Arabic. But aside from that, they are very far apart. They're there because both sides were under intense pressure from the U. S.  and Russia not to walk out.","Well, as you said, at least they are in the same room. What are they talking about today?What's the goal?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of \"What are they talking about today? What's the goal?\" is asking for information about the subject matter and objectives of the negotiations. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is expressing skepticism about the likelihood of any productive outcome from the negotiations, given the difficult dynamics described in the previous turn. The speaker is implying that the negotiations seem to be more about appearances than substance, and that there may not be a clear goal or path forward.","questions":"How is the speaker feeling about the likelihood of a productive outcome?","answer":"Skepticism"}
{"text":["So, I'm a little concern about that, especially with the amount of technology connections that they have made through this campaign, and the amount of donors that they've received through online mechanisms. So it's going to be interesting to see how this plays out. But, clearly somebody is going to want that data Farai. There's no way out that the Democratic. . .","Don't let Sascha get a hold of the mass email list. And you know, start asking for Christmas presents or something.","Let me tell you, somebody in the Democratic Party. . .","I'm glad you clarified that. Somebody in the Democratic Party is definitely saying, hmm, that's a gold mine of data sitting right there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asking for Chrstmas presents implies they need the things they are looking for and hope they get them.","questions":"What does Sascha's comment imply about their intentions?","answer":"Need"}
{"text":["Divers finally managed to get into the passenger decks of the ship. And they saw through a window three bodies, but they were unable to actually get in and recover those bodies. They did not find any survivors yet, but they've been trying very hard all week to get in there. They've been dealing with next to zero visibility, very strong currents. Also, they've been trying to pump air into that ship in the hopes that there are some survivors hanging on in air pockets. And because of that, they've got cranes on the scene, but they haven't tried to lift the ferry out of the water yet for fear that it'll further endanger those survivors.","Police have arrested the ship's captain and several crew members. What are the charges?","The charges against the captain are negligence. They're saying that he abandoned the passengers when they needed them. And a lot of people in this country are angry that the captain apparently jumped ship himself while telling the passengers, these high school students, on the boat to stay put and await help. Now the prosecutors say that at the time of the accident, the captain was actually not on the bridge of the ferry. The person taking the wheel was the third mate, who had never navigated some tricky waters where there are a lot of coastal areas and islands. And this was a very young and inexperienced third mate.","The vice principal of the high school where most of the passengers were from committed suicide. He was one of the survivors?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that the captain may be guilty of the accident because his actions may have contributed to the deaths of passengers.","questions":"How are the captain's actions being viewed by the public?","answer":"Negative."}
{"text":["The so-called Energy Climate Czar, I think people are calling it. I suppose if we have a car czar, we have to have a climate czar. This is supposedly going to be Carol Browner, who was the head of EPA in both Clinton administrations, actually, I think probably the longest serving EPA director.","She's a lawyer. She used to work with Al Gore in the Senate. She has earned herself quite a reputation when she was working for President Clinton as a tough regulator, someone who defended the Clean Air Act vigorously against lawsuits brought by industry questioning some of the scope of the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act. So she comes with, again, quite a lot of green credentials and reputation for being very savvy on how Washington works.","And finally, Chris, can you tell us a bit about who is going to head up Mr.  Obama's EPA?","Again, the name that's being bandied about quite a bit about is a woman named Lisa Jackson. She is a chemical engineer, and she is working currently as the environment - she started working as the environment head for the state of New Jersey in 2006. And again, she also worked at EPA during the Clinton years, so we've got a couple of people here who were Clinton executives and environmental movers and shakers during the Clinton administration."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The term 'Czar' is used to refer to the head of a certain field, although it does not hold any official title or position in the government.","questions":"What is the term used to refer to the head of a certain field without holding any official title or position in the government?","answer":"Czar"}
{"text":["Well, we're interested in understanding, one, what are all the metabolites or small molecules that are under the control of the circadian clock in these post-harvest vegetables and fruits?So in things like zucchini and carrots and sweet potato, we would expect a different sweet of metabolites to be regulated by the clock. So we'd like to know what those are. And then we'd like to know what kind of conditions could be used to make this a practical - if it turns out that we can really make a difference in nutritional quality then. . .","Right.",". . . we would want to design a simply way to keep the clock running. And we know that plants can respond to just pulses of light in ways that can control or set their clock. And so we'd like to investigate what are the simplest ways that we can use to make this practical.","Well, we wish you good luck, Dr.  Braam."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They want to design a way to keep plants's internal system working even when they are indoors.","questions":"Which system do they want to keep running indoors?","answer":"System"}
{"text":["Right, but it was not my choice to be here. And this is what people forget. I applied for asylum in 27 different countries around the world, and it was the government, the United States government, then-Secretary John Kerry, that canceled my passport as I was leaving from Hong Kong en route to Ecuador. And this locked me in place.","I believe they panicked. And I think the reason that I'm in Russia today is because what we know - this was actually publicly reported in 2013. Every time one of these other countries, one that the United States public would be much more comfortable with - a France, a Norway, a Germany - one of two people would call the Foreign Ministry of that country. And it would be either Secretary of State John Kerry or then-Vice President Joe Biden.","The idea here is they would go, look; we understand that he has been charged with political crimes. This means you don't qualify for extradition, and you almost always do qualify for asylum protections. And the government - we know you can do this, but if you do, we want you to understand there will be a response. We're not going to say what it will be, but it will be severe because we don't want to see the public seeing this guy as a whistleblower, which the public then was coming around to do.","You say the U. S.  government panicked. Did the U. S.  government panic, or just they felt it was important to the national interest of the United States to make certain you - your movement was limited?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person complained publicaly about things that were illegal and private.","questions":"Which word describes what the person exposed?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["That work by Nick Holonyak and colleagues went on to be the basis for just about every LED starting back - staring back at you, you know, those little red lights on the little devices?This was the first one. Nick also did pioneering work on other electronic devices, including lasers. And when the Applied - the journal of Applied Physics Letters drew up a list of the five most important papers it had published up to 2006, Nick's name was on two of them. And he's here to talk to us now.","Nick Holonyak is the John Bardeen Endowed Chair in Electrical and Computer Engineering and Physics in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois in Urbana, Illinois. He joins us by phone. Welcome back to the program, Nick.","Thanks, Ira. You and I talked about this stuff in Washington when the MIT Lemelson Prize was given. Remember?And so this is our second contact, maybe more.","I'm hopeful we have a lot more to go, and I want you to - let's talk about this 50 - the anniversary."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The LED lights we see in daily devices originated from Nick's work","questions":"How did Nick Holonyak contribute to the development of LED lights?","answer":"Pioneering"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And that's something that my father always stressed upon my sisters and me and that we've all thought it's very important that you should be engaged in the process. In this case it is a political process, because the process of electing our government leaders is one that will have a direct impact on whether we're here and what we do here. So it's fine to criticize, but at the same time if you're not engaged in the process I feel that's a real discredit to everything you try to protest against.","Do you sense a great excitement among the men and women there about the election?","Well, there's certainly a lot of open questions, a lot of us are wondering if Barack Obama's elected versus John McCain and vice versa, whether that will have an effect not just on this tour, but on future military careers because we have a lot of soldiers and a lot of officers who are planning to make a military career and I'm not one of them. I'm going to be leaving active duty when we return from this tour.","But for those soldiers especially, the big question now is, when and how soon they'll have to deploy to Afghanistan. Because many of these soldiers are on their third, some even on their fourth tour here to Iraq. And so now they're looking at another open ended involvement in Afghanistan. And so they've got a lot of questions about that and so we're really just curious right now what both candidates - what decisions they'll make."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"engaged in the process\" - this means actively participating in the political process, not just being present or observing it.","questions":"What does \"engaged in the process\" mean?","answer":"Participating"}
{"text":["Tomorrow, car sales numbers for November are due out, and they're not expected to be good. That could lead to more dealerships shutting down, and that could mean a big loss of revenue for local governments. For example, this year, the state of California has lost at least two billion dollars in sales taxes due to the drop in car sales.","To get a better sense of how local governments are coping, we're joined now by Marshall Bond. He is the city manager for Monroeville, Pennsylvania. Thanks for joining us, and why don't you tell us how many car dealerships are in Monroeville?","Just about every major domestic and foreign manufacturer sells cars here in Monroeville.","And so, how much of your budget comes from the revenue from car sales at these dealerships?","We have a business tax which obviously is, I'd say, probably of that - I'd say total tax is probably about 15 to 20 percent is based upon our related car industry."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A significant portion of the city's tax revenue is generated from the car industry.","questions":"What is a significant source of Monroeville's tax revenue?","answer":"Car"}
{"text":[". . . Battles. Yes. It was bloody, but it was also joyous because we're - all three of us - just super fans of Nancy Hale's.","I mean, people always ask fiction writers - as you would know better than anyone - how much of your writing, how much of your protagonist is you. And writers always say, it's fiction. You know, I made it all up. But you write that with Hale, it's - it actually really matters to know what her life story was when you're reading these stories.","You know, every story that a fiction writer writes has something of them in them. And I had to go through her story and sort of understand where they came from in her life. She wrote so close to the bone to her own life in many ways, and you can see herself in her characters in these stories - in a lot of them.","All right. So let's get to some of the stuff she writes about because she writes about things that are uncomfortable to discuss today in 2019 - must have been incredibly edgy at the time she was writing some of these. She writes about mothers feeling ambivalent about their children. She writes about how oppressive marriage can be. She writes beautifully about female desire. I actually wanted to let you read a little bit from one of her stories, titled \"Midsummer. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : her stories were not what people were usually reading and the topics of them were not what was normally talked about.","questions":"What made Nancy Hale's stories unique?","answer":"Edgy"}
{"text":["Shawn Zahir. I want to share one quick story. I have many stories. The surgeon said to me - and this was one we still didn't know his name - he said, listen, you're very lucky and your daughter's very lucky because she got the liver of a good man. I've done this surgery many times. Most people when they wake up they say, when can I get back to work?When can I play sports?The first question that he asked was, when can I donate blood again?","Yeah. Nusayba was all set up for an initial transplant, but these things are unpredictable - didn't work out.","Gut punch at the last second. The donor, who was an acquaintance of mine, who had never met Nusayba - and I can finally reveal her name because the text just came through, Scott, that she gave me permission - Megan Black was willing to donate a piece of her liver. Her entire family was on board. And at the last second, the lead doctor, Dr.  Fishbein, who's been doing this for 30 years, saw a complication, called it off. Megan was crying. Her family was crying. She apologized. But if it wasn't for Megan stepping up and for this bad news, we wouldn't have done the call out. And we wouldn't have gotten Shawn. So we also owe Megan a huge gratitude. Thank you, Megan.","Boy. Nusaybe, you've been able to - she's been able to talk to you and Sarah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She got the liver of a man that cares about others more than himself.","questions":"What did the surgeon say about most people's first question after waking up from liver transplant surgery?","answer":"Blood"}
{"text":["In the courtroom, a lot of people cheered. And in lots of the capital, we were in coffee shops where people also cheered saying, you know, it's time for stability. But then there were others whose hearts were broken; many who protested in 2011 for freedom from a police state who are saying that they are watching the symbols of that repression now be pronounced innocent.","And what's the environment in Egypt right now that surrounds this decision?","Really, right now, you have an environment of repression. You have three Al Jazeera English journalists in jail accused of being terrorists on little to no evidence. You've had mass trials of people getting death sentences with no due process. The first freely elected president, Islamist president Mohamed Morsi, was ousted from power and put in jail. Many people point to that as a sign that there really isn't democracy.","But after the decision, there were many people who were visibly happy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meaning of turn (2) is to understand the current state of affairs in Egypt and the implications of the decision, rather than the literal meaning of asking what the environment is like in the moment.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue provides an interpretation of the meaning behind the question asked in turn 1?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["Do you remember that question about any practical applications?And what did you say?Do you remember what you said?","Yeah, I said practical applications are science fiction, that we just can't make enough antimatter to be useful. It would take longer than the age of the universe to accumulate macroscopic amounts of antimatter to make a weapon or a rocket fuel or something like that. So this is really pure research, right?We're looking at, you know, one or few atoms at a time. There's 10 to the 24th atoms in a macroscopic amount of hydrogen or antihydrogen, so we're just nowhere near there. But it's still a lot of fun.","Yeah. So the answer to the question of a practical application is still absolutely no.","Yeah, nothing has changed there and. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He said that practical applications are things a person would only find in science fiction novels and shows. It can not be done in reality.","questions":"Which question did PersonA answer by saying \"Yeah, nothing has changed there\"?","answer":"Nothing"}
{"text":["I don't think they picked Deming necessarily. You know, we just happen to be a big border patrol station as well as our neighboring county. They're dropping off here as well - the Hidalgo County drops here as well.","How are these people - the asylum-seekers being housed in an airport hangar - how are they handling things?","You'd be surprised. I think they're - you know, they're a little - you know, I guess they're a little worried when they first show up. But then, I think, it's actually better than most places they've been, and that's what they tell us. So they have more room and more freedom than most places they've been, so they're actually really happy.","And how is the community of Deming handling this influx of new people?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 'They didn't specifically choose Deming' implies that Deming was not chosen deliberately.","questions":"What is the implication of \"They didn't specifically choose Deming\"?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["Well, I know that my name is on the cover, but the Library of America was at least an equal partner, if not more. Reggie Hui there went into the archives, and he found every single short story she'd ever published in the most esoteric, small, little magazines. And John Kulka and Reggie and I had multiple really long debates and conversations about which stories to include. There were many passionate speeches on all sides, particularly mine. And we ended up with. . .","(Laughter) Battles to the death, I'm gathering. Yeah.",". . . Battles. Yes. It was bloody, but it was also joyous because we're - all three of us - just super fans of Nancy Hale's.","I mean, people always ask fiction writers - as you would know better than anyone - how much of your writing, how much of your protagonist is you. And writers always say, it's fiction. You know, I made it all up. But you write that with Hale, it's - it actually really matters to know what her life story was when you're reading these stories."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The person is making a humurous remark about the debate.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's description of the debates about which stories to include in the collection?","answer":"Laughter"}
{"text":["One of the things that struck me is some of the comments by some of the women. They don't necessarily see themselves as beautiful. They did not see in themselves the thing that you saw in them. Did you find that to be common?I'm thinking in particular of the sisters from Switzerland with the red hair who said they'd been made fun of as children because of the color of their hair. And you were drawn to them.","During the project, I did realize that women that I photographed were not confident in their way of being. So whenever I posted their picture on my social media, we got a lot of comments and positive reaction from the people. So the women that I photographed, after that, they realized how beautiful they are. That was extraordinary for them and for me because it gives them confidence.","How did this project change you?","I'm much more confident. I'm much more respectful of what the other women in the world have to go through every day because the life is so difficult in so many parts of the world. And this project was a huge gift in my life. And this is why I'm trying to put it out there in the world for people to understand that the world is extremely beautiful. And we should really appreciate everything that's happening in our life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The project gave the speaker more respect for the struggles of women around the world","questions":"What did the project give the speaker?","answer":"Gift"}
{"text":["This sounds pretty controversial and like something we want to hear about.","Yeah, it sounds really futuristic, doesn't it?","It does. It does. Let's start with the basics, though. When we say scientists want to synthesize genetic codes of living organisms - that's a big mouthful - including humans, what do we mean exactly?","Yeah. So you know, scientists know how to read the genetic code. What they want to do now is what they call write the genetic code, write DNA. And what that means is they essentially want to assemble or manufacture genomes from the chemical building blocks it's made of for all kinds of living organisms, including, as you said, people. And they want to be able do it in their labs quickly, efficiently and cheaply so it becomes something really practical and easy to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"Yeah, it sounds really futuristic, doesn't it?\" Implicated meaning: The speaker believes that the topic being discussed sounds like it belongs in the future.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the topic being discussed?","answer":"Futuristic"}
{"text":["Bill M wrote about it - read about it and wrote. Kilpatrick's stays in the news proving all the naysayers right with his childish antics and questionable judgment. He should resign.","And there's also the news that Broadway's \"The Color Purple\" is closing next month due to slow ticket sales and some people said it was because of singer Fantasia left the show without any thunder after she left.","All right. Just briefly, what do you think about the newsletter?What does that offer people that everything else we do doesn't?We've got the radio show and the blog. But, you know, you put out this great newsletter every day. What's going on with that?","Well, we've got headlines that pertain to African-Americans. We have highlights from the show. And the difference is - it's called Push me (unintelligible). It's a '90s Internet buzz word. And the idea is that you get all these things that you want sent to your inbox every day without having to surf from Web site to Web site. And it's a service that we offer."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"childish antics and questionable judgment\" implies that Kilpatrick's behavior is inappropriate and unprofessional, even though the literal meaning of the words is just describing his actions and decision-making","questions":"Which word describes Kilpatrick's behavior according to turn 0?","answer":"Behavior"}
{"text":["I know as far as me in the glamour I always go back to self-responsibility. It really does have to start with the person. They have to make a choice to want to get educated about HIV, and learn about it. And I really think that people should realize that it's a 100 percent - 100 percent preventable disease. It's a disease you don't have to get. It is something you have to acquire. So, I really want people, you know, to get that in their head. Like, quit blaming, you know, the media, or rap videos, or you know, school systems. It really has to start with you.","If you had to describe in one word what keeps you going when you're down, what would it be?","Life. You know, just me. I'm my own motivation, I'm my own role model, you know, I love me, and I'm very happy, you know, that HIV presented itself in my life. You know, a lot of people would regret it or whatever, but it really taught me self-love, self-acceptance, and self-responsibility. And that's the best thing I could possibly ask for.","Well, Marvelyn, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : HIV is preventable, but it requires individuals to take responsibility for educating themselves about the disease.","questions":"Which disease is completely preventable?","answer":"HIV"}
{"text":["\"VIC\" (Member, Overeaters Anonymous): Hi.","Vic, I want to start with you, and I want to be very specific. Give me an example of a day when you completely lost control over your eating.","\"VIC\": It wasn't a day. It was the day before (Laughing) and that day and the next day. But anyway - OK, so I wake up in the morning, totally hung over. Dr.  Lerner - Marty - described very well, you know, having lost control. So, I wake up, I feel terrible, and the last thing I want to do, I think in my rational brain, is eat because I feel so bad. And yet, I know that if I take one bite of anything, I'll be off and running. And I'm scared. I'm really scared.","Let me just ask one thing. When you say hung over, do you mean hung over from overeating or hung\u2026"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : VIC lost control over eating for multiple days, not just one day","questions":"How long did VIC lose control over his eating?","answer":"Multiple"}
{"text":["I gather there were women who asked you for medical help.","Yes. So some of the women who had been raped asked to know if they were pregnant. One of the most heartbreaking things I would have to do would be to confirm for women that they were, indeed, pregnant as a result of rape. Some of them were requesting testing for sexually transmitted infections, which we couldn't do on the boat, but we helped to arrange in Italy once we arrived there.","One of the things I say about my Doctors Without Borders work is that I often come across the best of humanity, but I also come across the worst of humanity. And these women, especially, told me of things that had happened to them that it never occurred to me that humans could do that to one another.","All right, Dr.  Giles, you have at least a few ears in America right now. What do we need to hear?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"I often come across the best of humanity, but I also come across the worst of humanity.\" This turn uses the figurative language of \"the best\" and \"the worst\" of humanity, which refers to the admirable actions and the despicable actions of people, respectively. It does not mean that the speaker encounters people who are entirely good or entirely bad.","questions":"What kind of actions does the figurative language of \"the best\" and \"the worst\" of humanity refer to?","answer":"Actions"}
{"text":["Now lots of lawyers were lining up to lead the Justice Department. So why did the White House decide to go with Lynch?","First of all, she has a reputation for working well with others. She's very understated and under the radar. Another important factor for the White House I hear from sources is that she's diverse and historic. She'd be the first black woman on the job. She descends from a long line of Baptist preachers in the south. And she has a rich, rich voice and an ability to speak and communicate a message. She's also, Linda, quite noncontroversial.","So about that. What is the reaction from Republicans in the Senate?Can she be confirmed?It's kind of late in the term.","It is kind of late in the term. She's going to have a year and a half or two years to make her mark. Iowa Senator Chuck Grassley, a Republican who's in line to lead the Judiciary Committee next year, says Lynch is going to get a thorough vetting. And he's going to make sure that happens. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina, another Republican, sounded relatively positive, too, about this election. And finally, Linda, Mitch McConnell, who's going to run the Senate as majority leader starting in January, said he is willing to consider her nomination. He wants it to happen in 2015 instead of during this lame-duck session."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"She's very understated and under the radar.\" - The literal meaning is that Lynch is not attracting attention or publicity. The actual meaning is that Lynch works quietly and effectively without seeking attention.","questions":"What is Lynch's reputation?","answer":"Understated"}
{"text":["What about William Thompson, Jr. ?Originally of Brooklyn, now of Manhattan. He actually won the Democratic nomination four years ago and ran an unexpectedly close race.","Oh, absolutely. And interestingly enough, he's been part of the New York political establishment for a very long time. You hear people refer to him as Billy, because he's William Thompson, Jr.  His father was prominent in politics, generally well-liked in very much a known quantity.","Bill de Blasio of Brooklyn, the public advocate.","An interesting man - I guess you could still call him a young man. I was about to call him a young man. I've known him since we were both running around in sneakers. But he was an aide to David Dinkins. He was the campaign manager for Hillary Clinton when she ran for Senate here in New York and served a couple of terms in the New York City Council. So, he's been in and around this stuff for decades and now he thinks it's his time to go for the big chair."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using nonverbal cues, such as facial expressions or body language, to convey a message that complements or contradicts their spoken words.","questions":"How does the speaker convey their message?","answer":"Nonverbal"}
{"text":["But shouldn't you at least offer the people you're polling the option of checking that box as one of the issues?","In terms of?","Of, you know, as climate change or renewable energy, things like that. The choice is not even offered on the sheet of things that you - that is on your radar screen.","Yeah. Well, this is actually a really important point, is that when you look at - and I'll just come back to media coverage as an example. You know, for most people, this is an issue that's invisible. I mean, you can look out your window right this moment, and there's CO2 pouring out of tailpipes, out of smokestacks, out of buildings, but you can't see it, and likewise you can't see the impacts unless you know where to look. In fact, the only way most Americans even know about this issue is because of what they've learned about it in the media. They're not reading the peer-reviewed literature. They don't know scientists personally. They're learning about it through the media. And when the media doesn't report this issue, it's literally out of sight and out of mind."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"on your radar screen\" - This is also a figurative expression meaning something that is being monitored or tracked, rather than a literal radar screen.","questions":"How is the expression \"on your radar screen\" used in the dialogue? (Answer: Figuratively)","answer":"Figuratively"}
{"text":["One of the things I've always loved about the Democratic Party is that it is a big-tent party, and it embraces opportunity for all people. And I'm running for president because I think my life experience can address this Trump-fueled national crisis of division that has been moving us backward. And I look at my experience of bringing people together - businesses and nonprofits and Republicans and Democrats - and to really get things done, to get to near-universal health care, create the No. 1 economy in the country for three consecutive years - I think that record stands for itself.","Governor John Hickenlooper, thank you so much for joining us.","You bet, Noel. Thank you so much.","That's former Colorado Governor John Hickenlooper, talking to us for our Opening Arguments series."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Democratic Party is inclusive and addresses national crisis","questions":"What is the national crisis that John Hickenlooper thinks his life experience can address?","answer":"Division"}
{"text":["Well, many millions have lifted out of poverty and many millions seemed to have been lifted into the pockets of the top leaders. And so that, I think, reporting of socioeconomic inequity and privilege is a source of corruption in the Communist Party that really has to be managed or dealt with in some decisive form by President Xi.","And is there going to be realignment?And you look towards the new leadership in South Korea. The United States, of course, has had a longstanding security relationship with South Korea, going back to the war there in the early 1950s. And, of course, you mentioned the treaty with Japan and United States have been - had bases there since 1945. There - is there going to be any fundamental change in those relationships, do you think?","The change is not coming so much in the U. S. -Japan or in the U. S. -Korea alliance relationships at this stage. There are some rising tensions that have emerged in the South Korea-Japan relationship that present, I think, a challenge for U. S.  policymakers. You know, one of the aspects of the U. S.  pivot or rebalancing policy is that it suggests that we want allies to work together or horizontally with each other more actively.","But Korea and Japan are increasingly facing divisions over history issues and with a woman South Korean president and a Japanese prime minster, who has raised questions about some of the comfort women issues; it suggests that we've got potentially a rocky road ahead."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This means that the leaders are corrupt - there is nothing quite literally going into their pockets. ","questions":"Which word describes the nature of the reporting of socioeconomic inequity and privilege that is a source of corruption in the Communist Party?","answer":"Reporting"}
{"text":["Exactly, keep looking up, and I can't believe I still pinch myself every time that I get to say those words afterwards. But this is the fellow that would appear on your PBS station, usually late at night, at weird hours, for a minute or five minutes telling you what's up in the sky. He'd sit on the rings of Saturn and point out at Jupiter, and he'd have this very interesting voice. It was great.","And so he passed away a few years ago, and the station has decided to continue the program. We've done a little bit of touching-up to it, but it's called \"Star Gazers,\" and so you might catch us on weird hours on your PBS station, and they're always online at our website, stargazersonline. org, and you can watch any of the shows there, and we'll tell you what's up in the sky and say keep looking up. That's what we always say.","That's it. It's a great show. I've been watching it for years. I used to know Jack for a while, so. . .","Oh, I know, what a great guy. I mean, this is a populizer of astronomy, and I just hope that I can fill his shoes a little bit and get people excited about the stars."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"fill his shoes\" implies that the speaker wants to follow in Jack's footsteps and continue his work, but not that they literally want to wear his shoes.","questions":"Which phrase indicates that the speaker wants to continue Jack's work?","answer":"Fill"}
{"text":["And there is a correlation between dogfighting rings and other crimes, perhaps?","Oh, my God, yes. You know, if you've got dogfighting and gambling, you got just about any type of crime that goes with it. It - and that's what people are more aware of.","What is the line, as research has established it, between people who abuse animals and violence against other human beings?","Well, the research is very clear. And it's been there for a long time, as I said earlier. Law enforcement just hasn't got it yet, even though some have. Some agencies do a very good job. It's growing. If you look back at Son of Sam and Dahmer and. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The turn has a literal meaning, but it also contains two cultural references. \"Son of Sam\" refers to David Berkowitz, a notorious serial killer who terrorized New York City in the 1970s. \"Dahmer\" refers to Jeffrey Dahmer, another infamous serial killer who murdered at least 17 young men and boys in the 1980s and early 1990s. The references serve to illustrate the link between animal cruelty and violence against humans, which has been established through research.","questions":"What are the two cultural references mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Son-of-Sam,Dahmer"}
{"text":["He apologized for the messages and essentially blamed the fact that he worked really long days and often used this group chat to - as he said, you know, relieve stress. That did not sit well with people, obviously. He ended up, like you said, having to ask most of his inner circle to step down. But that has not appeased anyone. The outcry and the demands for his resignation have only grown. Not only from his political opponents - also, essentially everyone within his own party here in Puerto Rico has abandoned him. And now there is talk within the legislature of beginning the process of removing him from office if he doesn't step down on his own.","And has he said that he is considering it?Or what is he saying about that possibility?","No, he's basically dug his feet in and has said he is not going to resign. He said he was, you know, elected governor by the people of Puerto Rico, feels like he has a lot of work to do and intends to continue doing it. A big question is obviously how because he has lost the confidence of everyone within his government, and no one really sees him having the capital needed to govern.","That is NPR's Adrian Florido joining us from San Juan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person in question had to ask his close associates to resign due to the controversy","questions":"How did the person in question handle the controversy?","answer":"Asked"}
{"text":["At 18 years old, I moved from Charlotte to the mountains. And I've lived in Appalachia - in Jackson County, N. C.  - ever since. And it's the same thing here. You know, I think poverty - it's the same condition no matter where you're from. You know, I talked a little bit in that essay about that man from Baltimore saying desperation is a way of life.","This was a documentary on the BBC that was talking about poverty in Baltimore.","Yeah. I think anybody I grew up with could have said that. Anybody that I'm friends with now in Hazelwood, Haywood County, could say that. That's the reality of people who have nothing. They all know what it's like to miss a meal or to have the lights turned off or to have to decide - do I make my car payment, or do I pay my health insurance?That's a common theme that bridges the gap all across this country. And the unifying thing about that is poverty.","You also talk about addiction. The opioid crisis, as we know, is enormous right now. And you say that people just want to be listened to. What is the story that we aren't hearing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In (1), the speaker is using the statement \"poverty - it's the same condition no matter where you're from\" to express the idea that poverty is a universal experience and can be found in any place or culture. The actual meaning is that poverty has a consistent impact on people's lives, regardless of their location.","questions":"What is the unifying factor mentioned by A, which bridges the gap across the country?","answer":"Bridges"}
{"text":["Some folks get a little bit cranky about having to work on the holiday. It's a day that, you know, most of us spend with our family and friends. How do you feel about working on a day that most people get off?","Folks that work in NASA have a common bond of a real passion for the space program. So, we wouldn't be here if we didn't have that. And obviously, we'd like to be with our families, but if we can't be there, then the next best place to be is working on a space mission.","So, you know, we've been doing a space station for 10 years straight, and there's been someone here every year for every holiday. And beyond holidays even, you know, one of the crew members on board is having their wedding anniversary just yesterday, and tomorrow's one of the birthdays of one of the flight directors working the flight.","So, we all kind of take care and bond together and take care of each other. And we're having a Thanksgiving dinner here that management's all bringing in for the flight controllers that are working, and we try to shift people out so that, you know, there's three shifts so that people do get some time at home."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Working on a space mission is a fulfilling experience","questions":"Which anniversary is one of the flight directors working the flight celebrating tomorrow?","answer":"Anniversary"}
{"text":["I think it's going to move in a lot of different directions. There's a lot of things happening. Number one, the directors now are younger. And they usually tend to want to have the music that they grew up with, or music that they're into at that moment, in their films. So for me, I'm kind of open. I think, you know, if you have some music in your soul, and you're able to produce it however you can, you know, there's a musician there. I do miss, you know, the old days, you know, when you do a film, you get hired and the guy says, write some music, and you write music. And you come back and you talk about that music, but not in relationship to a committee deciding based on something that some kids in Pasadena thoughy. You know, so anyway.","Well, it sounds like a fascinating business.","Yeah, yeah, yeah.","Stanley Clarke, thanks for talking to us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (2) implies admiration and admiration of the business while (4) implies gratitude and appreciation for Stanley Clarke's time.","questions":"Which emotion is implied in turn 4?","answer":"Grattitude"}
{"text":["Wow.",". . . Actually the night he died. So he was a very well-respected young person by our staff, by our students and our community. And, you know, it was a very shame that that did happen.","I'm so impressed. I gather the youngsters themselves in your school came up with the idea of electing them king and queen. I got to tell you. . .","Yeah, you know, you think about social media as something that's bad sometimes. Well, they - her friends and his friends kind of started a little social media thing and the adults weren't even totally aware. And they wanted to - they wanted to have them be king and queen. Now, it wasn't, you know, the whole school. It wasn't everybody. It was a very tight group of kids that really. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Wow. Implicated Meaning: B is expressing surprise or admiration. It implies that B is impressed or astonished by something.","questions":"Which emotion was expressed by PersonB in turn 2?","answer":"Impressed"}
{"text":["What are his legal and PR teams trying to achieve by releasing audio conversations or snippets of them with Donald trump and apparently claiming that Trump knew in advance of that Trump Tower meeting with a group of Russians?","Well, I have to say, Scott, I think that's pretty much a mystery to a lot of people. Most criminal defense lawyers and former prosecutors can't. . .",". . . That I've spoken to can't make sense of it. It's a very, very unusual situation.","We're getting some bad audio - either that or a Martian craft has landed over your shoulder, so you might want to take a look, in which case we really got a big story to work on."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Bob cannot understand the reasoning behind the release of audio conversations with Trump","questions":"How would you describe Bob's comprehension of the audio release?","answer":"Confused"}
{"text":["What does it mean to put your hat in someone's ring?Does it mean that you are, for example, trying to lead your constituents that you're trying to lead other people, who are a part of the Congressional Black Caucus or part of Congress?What exactly does you putting your chips on the table mean?","For the past 20-something years, I have been putting out a sample ballot. And if people don't get it at the time that they think they should, my office is inundated with calls. You know, through the media, through your sample ballot operation, I let people know what's on my mind. And I try and let them know why I'm doing what I'm doing and then they make their decision.","Congresswoman, I've had a chance to come to your offices in South Los Angeles and you have a multi-racial coalition of staffers - black, white, Asian\u2026","That's right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of \"putting out a sample ballot\" is distributing a document that contains a list of candidates or initiatives. However, in this context, it means actively campaigning for specific candidates or positions by providing guidance on who to vote for.","questions":"What does \"putting out a sample ballot\" really mean in this context?","answer":"Actively"}
{"text":[". . . the French press is hard to nail because there's. . .","Yeah.",". . . so many variables that are outside of your control.","Right. Right. And it's our Video Pick of the Week up there on our website, and it's beautiful animation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The French coffee machine that presses beans is hard to understand.","questions":"Which machine is hard to nail?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Short word - yes. That is exactly what happened. And that includes in regular order a lot of backroom negotiation. And there is no guarantee of success for all of that, but at least if people know that they are back to what they need to do and know how to do best, sure, we could be right back here in three weeks with the difference being this far smaller chance of a shutdown. Now, they really ought to be able to do what they do best in that period of time, but if not, the president will be back in the same poker game with a far weaker hand than the one he just folded this week.","Roger Stone, one of the president's closest friends, a longtime adviser, of course was arrested yesterday, charged with lying to Congress, witness tampering, among other things. What does this tell us about the Mueller investigation?","It tells us that investigation is as robust as ever and moving forward. The former CIA chief, John Brennan, said yesterday he expects many more indictments in the weeks ahead, including some people who are household names. Now, the Mueller team is closely following the performance of some other actors like Paul Manafort, an old business partner of Roger Stone's. They say he has not followed through with the factual and truthful testimony he promised when he pled guilty on several counts last year. So that's another space to be watching.","Report from NBC this week - Jared Kushner got his security clearance only after administration officials overruled career security specialists. What do you make of this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : backroom negotiation means that the negotiation was done in secret.","questions":"What does the term \"backroom negotiation\" imply?","answer":"Secrecy"}
{"text":["So this is the second year that the numbers are up. What kind of numbers are we talking about?","We are reporting four hectares of overwintering colonies. That's 9. 1 acres. That is the area that they occupy, so that is indeed very good news compared to last year where we only had a little bit over one hectare.","You've been out in the field with them. Just describe for our listeners what - if they haven't been able to see them, what these monarch butterflies look like when they come to stay in Mexico.","Once they arrive to Michoacan - which is the name of the state where the forests are and the state of Mexico - they congregate on fir trees.","High up in the mountains - I mean, it's quite a steep climb to get there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) - Describe for our listeners what the monarch butterflies look like, instead of asking the listeners to actually go and see them. ","questions":"What do the monarch butterflies congregate on in Michoacan?","answer":"fir"}
{"text":["So right now, there are multiple congressional committees investigating this issue. We've got them on the House side. We've got a couple on the Senate side. I guess I want to know why is there a need for multiple investigations, and how do these congressional investigations differ at their core from what Special Counsel Robert Mueller is conducting?","Well, Senate Intelligence looks at intelligence matters primarily. Senate Judiciary looks at matters that fall under the broad scope of the Judiciary Committee. All these congressional investigations differ very much in function from what the Special Counsel Mueller does. Mueller works in secret and long, long deep studies of things like finances. And he doesn't bring his results public. If he finds something that's really important, he won't let you know until it's time to indict somebody. Whereas, the congressional committees when classification allows them to be in the open, they live for open hearings. They want people to know what they found.","And what about compelling witnesses to testify?The subpoena, is that a last resort thing or is it just a negotiating device?","Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The subpoena is a powerful tool to get the truth out of witnesses and to obtain documents that may be relevant to the investigation.","questions":"What is the basic working tool of these investigations?","answer":"Effectiveness\/Necessity"}
{"text":["And if the court - the judges in the court find him insane, that would, he believes, invalidate his political arguments.","Yeah. It seems like that. Normal, it's considered to be less of punishment or it's actually, technically, it's not the punishment if they sentence you to - sentence you as an insane man and put you in a hospital because then you then aren't responsible for what you did. Anders Breivik, however, wants to be considered as a person who know - knew what he did on the 22nd of July.","And has scoffed at the conceivable punishment. As I understand it, he could get 21 years in jail if convicted and found sane and that he says, wait a minute, either I should be acquitted or I should be put to death.","Yeah. Instead that - but we can't really put anyone to death in Norway, but it's correct that there are maximum - maximum punishment is 21 years. But we also have what we call - I've been looking for the correct English expression, and I think it's called containment, which is a system where a person that is considered to be a threat even after a certain period of time, he can actually be held in prison indeterminate because the - we can't - it's not really considered safe to let him out again in the society."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Breivik hopes that being found insane will invalidate his political arguments and be a way for him to avoid punishment.","questions":"Which political arguments does Breivik hope to invalidate by being found insane?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Thousand of miles west of the capital, trouble is brewing over a utility bill. Back in November, Veterans Day to be exact, residents of Bullhead City, Arizona, lit a flame at the town's memorial park. They called it an Eternal Flame. The plan was to keep it constantly lit to honor the fallen. But then they got the gas bill. Joining me now to tell us about that bill is Bullhead City's spokesman, Steve Johnson. Welcome to the program, Steve. And how expensive was that first gas bill you got?","The bill was about $961.","That was a pretty big initial gas bill. I'm trying to picture how big this flame is. Could you describe it for us?","It's - at its height, it's about 12 to 15 inches tall. I describe it as a kind of as a large artichoke. And it consumes a lot - well, obviously, it's consuming a lot of gas, at $900 a month. But it's a pretty tall flame."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The size of the flame doesn't justify the high gas bill","questions":"How does the size of the flame relate to the cost of the gas bill?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Well, you hit the nail on the head. A lot of the amateur astronomers who are making these observations are just as skilled as many of the very best professional astronomers. And the only difference between the two is sort of the size of the telescopes that they use.","Yeah.","And a big advance in recent years that has allowed amateur astronomers to observe and record these impacts is digital photography and digital video recording. You know, we can make very sensitive digital video recordings of planets now, and we can capture these impacts when they occur.","Mm-hmm. I'm Ira Flatow, and this is SCIENCE FRIDAY, from NPR, talking with Tony Phillips, astronomer and author of Spaceweather. com. If you want to see the impact on our - go to our website at sciencefriday. com. We have the video up there of the impact. It seems - it's pretty big. I mean, we can see that, right?That flash, you said it was - how many megatons of. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : hit the nail on the head implies directly saying the key information or the main gist instead of wasting time ","questions":"What did PersonA say about the difference between amateur and professional astronomers?","answer":"Size"}
{"text":["I've been embedded with U. S.  troops. And, as I don't have to tell you, you know, it's close quarters out there - in all ways - and soldiers are exposed to each other in all kinds of intimate ways. Does mixing genders just add an extra complication that combat can do without?","You know, I was forward deployed with Delta Force. I slept in some pretty crappy places, for lack of a better term. Is it a little bit of extra effort?Sure. You know, I'm not going to say that it's not. But when you look at the benefit, when you look at what you're losing, OK, the qualified, talented, amazing, remarkable women who walk into a recruiter's office and want to serve their country and are told you can serve your country but you have to pick from one of these jobs. It's just that you're a woman. But you know what?Every step of progress along the way in the history of our country, there have been people who have tried to make it more difficult, you know, integrated, racially or in any other, you know, situation that we've had to take a step forward in progress. There have been people that have made it more difficult. But the benefit just far outweighs.","Major Mary Jennings Hegar. Thanks so much.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) implies that Major Mary Jennings Hegar is being thanked and acknowledged for her efforts in making progress for integrating genders in combat.","questions":"Which Major is being thanked by PersonA in the dialogue?","answer":"Hegar"}
{"text":["And Border Patrol agents are making a lot of trips to the hospital with sick children up and down the Southwest border - nearly 70 kids a day since December, they say. But immigration officials say it's just hard to keep up with the sheer numbers here. It's putting a huge strain on resources, and they're asking Congress for billions of additional dollars to deal with it.","In the meantime, what more have you learned in your reporting about the death of Carlos Hernandez Vasquez?","Well, a couple of things. One thing that really stands out is that Carlos Hernandez Vasquez died in a Border Patrol station. The previous migrant children who died were taken to the hospital first; Hernandez Vasquez was not even though immigration authorities clearly knew that he was sick. He was diagnosed with the flu by a nurse practitioner.","On the same day, Customs and Border Protection moved him to a different Border Patrol station where they could separate him from the other migrants to stop the spread of the flu. Even Health and Human Services officials were concerned about how ill he was. This is the agency that's responsible for long-term care of unaccompanied children. And HHS decided that Hernandez Vasquez could not be flown to a shelter in Florida because of his illness. So in retrospect, critics say it's hard to see why they did not take him to the hospital."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It was negligent of immigration authorities to not take Carlos Hernandez Vasquez to the hospital","questions":"What was Carlos Hernandez Vasquez diagnosed with by a nurse practitioner?","answer":"Flu"}
{"text":["Yes. In Los Angeles, we made a commitment a number of years ago to only purchase any new buses into our fleet that would operate on alternative fuels. And what we have today is the largest compressed natural gas bus fleet in the country. And that's doing a lot to help improve our air quality here.","What's the difference between compressed natural gas and regular gasoline in terms of, you know, how it affects the environment?","Well compressed natural gas is a much cleaner fuel.","You know, let's just take a look at Los Angeles' demographics. You have people from incredibly wealthy to incredibly poor. You have immigrants, native-born people who've come here from other parts of the U. S. , people, of course, who were born here. How do you think L. A. 's demographics affect the need for public transportation?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The city of Los Angeles has made a conscious effort to reduce air pollution by implementing alternative fuel sources for public transportation.","questions":"What is the largest compressed natural gas bus fleet in the country?","answer":"Angeles"}
{"text":["Story's still unfolding, we understand. What are you hearing?","Well, the evidence is that the Islamic State is behind this. In addition to French President Francois Hollande saying that the attacks were the work of ISIS, the group itself claimed responsibility in an online statement a short time ago. And they say the attacks were a response to French airstrikes in Syria and that France would remain, in their words, a top target as long as it continued its current policies.","This has been independently confirmed by intelligence officials you've been able to talk to.","Well, my understanding is that officials first started to suspect ISIS was behind this late last night. There were some cellphone conversations or texts that the gunmen were exchanging while the attacks were going on. And they mentioned ISIS. And here's why that's important. You remember the Mumbai attacks in 2008 that were - those were attacks on hotels and Jewish centers and a railway station. Well, one of the ways that they traced it back to the perpetrators was by picking up phone conversations between the gunmen and their handlers in Pakistan. The information is still coming in, but it appears that something similar happened here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4): The implication is that the authorities were able to trace the perpetrators of the attacks by looking at cellphone conversations or texts.","questions":"How were the perpetrators of the attacks traced?","answer":"Texts"}
{"text":["The parallels between the two men were extraordinary, and, of course, I didn't know that when I started researching the story. But every step of the way, there was something else that was a mirror image. They both pursued lofty goals in childhood. They both suffered love and loss as young men. They both lost their wives and were left with infant daughters at very young ages. They both embraced public service, and they both emerged as leaders. And the thing is that in another more enlightened time, they could've held the other's job.","It is also interesting. We mentioned Frederick Douglass, obviously the first generation of African-American leaders in this country. He met with President Lincoln, was - discussed the race issue several times during the Civil War with him, and it is Booker T.  Washington who sort of picks up the mantle, along with W.  E.  B. Du Bois.","They did. But it was interesting to me that Booker T.  Washington and Du Bois came from completely different positions. Slavery was not a concept to Booker T.  Washington. He lived it. Whereas Du Bois grew up in Massachusetts and had a - was born free and had a completely different experience. It was really Booker T.  Washington's mission to lead his people out of slavery. He was actually called the Negro Moses, and it was Du Bois' mission to lead them into the 20th century. If they had been able to work together in concert, I think that what they would've achieved would've been remarkable.","Yet they had tensions, well, I think, that continue to this day."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of (4) is that the tensions between Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois are still relevant today. This is different from the literal meaning, which is that the two men had tensions.","questions":"Which relevance?","answer":"Relevance"}
{"text":["In The New Yorker piece, you were quoted as saying, he's like a velociraptor. He has to be boss. And if you don't show him deference, he kills you.","It's true. It was an impression that I had. And I - that just of somebody who was very aware of his own power and very conscious of any potential threat.","You've been a diplomat for decades, and you've worked through both Republican and Democratic administrations. How is foreign policy, briefly, normally conducted in those administrations?How does the United States normally find consensus for how it deals with other countries?","Yeah, that's a really great question. And, you know, part of that is why you have so many senior people like me leaving the Department of State. This is not about a foreign service or a career diplomatic corps that feels that it must have the final say on all things. The State Department and the career foreign service are enormously patriotic. We are apolitical. We serve the president. We sign an oath that says that we will serve unconditionally the president and implement his or, in some future, her foreign policy. But we are involved. And our involvement is our value added. We live and work overseas. We speak languages. We tend to develop years of expertise if not in regions, then on specific thematic issues."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being like a velociraptor means that the person is dangerous and threatening.","questions":"How was the person described in turn 0?","answer":"Dangerous"}
{"text":["You know, I thought at this point that nothing the president did could surprise me. He surprised me. To say the least, it is a stunning lack of understanding and judgment on his part, frankly.","Can you just walk me through that why?","Well, look at who we're talking to. This is the Taliban. It is not a sovereign government. To extend an invitation to Camp David for a meeting with the president when they have not accepted a ceasefire, a full ceasefire, when they are very much in the business of killing American troopers and Afghan civilians. This is not the first casualty that we've had out there since these talks began. But to invite people like that under these conditions to Camp David to be hosted by the president of the United States - that to me was something unthinkable until, obviously, he thought it.","Do you have any sense of what role this meeting would have played in the discussions that have taken place so far?I mean, a lot of people are focusing on today sort of the optics of it. A lot of the people in the president's own party are having trouble with that - I mean, bringing the Taliban to meet at Camp David with the president of the United States. But substantively, though, what role would a discussion like this have played in trying to finalize these negotiations?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They are asking if the other person can help them to understand what they mean.","questions":"Which turn is asking for clarification on the potential role of the Camp David meeting in the negotiations?","answer":"3"}
{"text":["So Virginia was demographically the ideal Barack Obama success story. It was not a one color success story. It was a multicolored \u2014 he even did better than he's done anywhere else among Latinos. So Virginia is really, if you will, the marquee state for the Barack Obama coalition that he wants to put together.","What about independent voters?Independents or particularly first time voters seemed to have come out.","Yes. In fact, first time voters are largely a creation in this particular cycle of the Barack Obama campaign. That's why they came out. It isn't just because they are suddenly interested in the political process; it's Obama. And in Virginia in particular Obama did so well among independents that he was the reason largely that Mike Huckabee threatened John McCain at all in Virginia. Otherwise McCain would have counted on five to 10 percentage points more from independents who were being attracted over to the other side by Barack Obama.","Before we let you go, there are so many ways to crunch the delegates on the Democratic side. But specifically in terms of delegates that the two candidates have won, in the primaries and caucuses, how are they standing now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Virginia being a success story for Barack Obama's coalition despite its diverse demographics.","questions":"How was Virginia described as a success story for Barack Obama's coalition?","answer":"Diverse"}
{"text":["Well, I will say he's not so much trapped. He did do the wrong thing, and he knowingly did the wrong thing for what he believed were for the right reasons. But he still did break the law. So there was going to be some sort of comeuppance in regard because I didn't want to do it where he does something illegal, and it's, like, but it's the main character. Let it slide. On the other hand, the idea was to show that once he's there, exactly where he's sending people.","And one of the reasons I found this interesting is there are comics like \"Doonesbury,\" for example, that are known for taking on topical issues, but that has always been the flavor of \"Doonesbury. \"As I said before, this is a legacy comic. I mean, it started in 1952. The people who've been reading this comic aren't necessarily used to this. And I'm wondering how people - or how are your fans, how are the readers of the comic are taking it?","I - we'll use the word fans.","This is a legacy strip. And I'm not trying to go, OK, now I'm just going to make it so now, and it's going to be thing. But on the other hand, you never want any strip or anything to be caught in amber, and you do want it to always be moving and feel like it's alive. So - now, granted, we do have the fantastic elements. Assassins appear regularly in this strip. . .","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"be caught in amber\" implies that a comic strip appears to contain no action or movement.","questions":"Which phrase implies that a comic strip appears to contain no action or movement?","answer":"Caught"}
{"text":["And how did this start?","Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story. And then I would write the story. And then I would send it to him. And I'd give him a first line. And he would start a story. And he would send that back to me. And we did that. And so we decided that we'd open that up to the rest of the world.","How many stories do you typically get?","We run between 300 and 450 submissions in issue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"How did this start?\" - This turn has a literal meaning and it is asking for the beginning of something.","questions":"What is the average number of submissions per issue?","answer":"300"}
{"text":["You mentioned that your narrator offers to help translate this project, the book of collateral damage. This, too, resemble something you've done in real life because you have translated other people's works from Arabic into English. Are you also thinking of that as an act of preservation?","Definitely. Its preservation. It's a creative act. And because the - one of the bright aspects of the history of our species is the exchange and transmitting beauty from one cultural sphere to another. And it's a deliberate act, and if I had more time, I would do more translation.","Given. . .","I also translated my previous novel, \"The Corpse Washer\" - I translated it from Arabic to English."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : exchange and transmitting beauty from one cultural sphere to another means it can be done differently and extraordinarily  ","questions":"What is one of the bright aspects of the history of our species according to A?","answer":"preservation"}
{"text":["Well, you know, that's another thing. So sometimes what happens to, you know, big scientists, you know, scientist that really have been enormously successful, is that as they grow older they don't feel as if they can continue, you know, with kind of mainstream incremental science after they have done something really big in the past. And as a result they adopt something that is completely outside of mainstream because they think, a-ha, maybe I'll make yet another huge contribution.","And that has happened to Pauling with Vitamin C.  And it happens to others too, you know, that at old age they suddenly pick up on something. Yes, it happened to Hoyle, Fred Hoyle, who is another person that I discuss on the concept of how did life evolve, you know, and so on. It's not a topic I discuss much in the book, but he started saying that probably all of life on Earth came from outer space and things like that and so on. So it happens.","Mm-hmm. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow talking with Mario Livio, author of \"Brilliant Blunders: From Darwin to Einstein,\" talking about great blunders that happened. Speaking about those kinds of blunders late in life, Bill Shockley, who was one of the inventors of the transistor, also got into trouble about views about racism late. . .","Yeah. Unfortunately it is more common than we would like."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Some successful scientists adopt unconventional approaches after achieving something significant.","questions":"What happens to some successful scientists after achieving something significant?","answer":"Unconventional"}
{"text":["The advice I'd give to others is, do your homework, and don't be afraid to do it. The one rule I gave myself was, it's OK if you fail. And coming from a type-A legal background, you don't make any mistakes. But in business, you have to be flexible. So, I allowed myself the freedom to make those mistakes and grow from them.","Have there been any moments when being an African-American entrepreneur has either hurt you or at least given some food for thought?","I'll take the food for thought. I'm a member of the International Spa Association. That's a pretty high-end spa group. And that market's OK, but other trade shows I would do, people would walk up and they'd say, oh, is this a black skin-care company?And I'm thinking, well, everybody has skin, irrespective of who you are - because they see me there. Even though the woman on the cover, model is - she's kind of every woman. She's actually Filipino and German, but people can't tell her background. But when they see my face there, they assume it's a company just for African-American skin, which is not the case.","When you think about that aspect of marketing, do you think that black companies that market directly to African-Americans, just very briefly, have an advantage or disadvantage over businesses like yours?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Assuming a product is only for African-American skin based on the founder's race is wrong and harmful.","questions":"Which race did people assume the company's product was only for based on the founder's appearance?","answer":"African-American"}
{"text":["Well, one of the first things you do when you find out somebody who shares your name is say, oh, where's your family from?So I told him my family was Romanian and many had come over after World War II. And he told me when I asked him that his family was indeed descended from a sort of aristocratic Austrian family and that he was clearly not wealthy now. There had once been a family fortune, but as he put it, mother lived too long.","Mother lived too long.","Mother lived too long.","And so this acquaintance blossomed over the years, and so you got to know him a little bit."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : that the acquaintance between the two people had grown over the years.","questions":"What had grown between the two people over the years?","answer":"Acquaintance"}
{"text":["And so when two clumps of free protons and electrons hit each other, they will slow each other down. But dark matter has no charge. That's why we can't see it because the only reason you and I could see anything, it's because there's charges that are being accelerated. That's what light is. But if something has no charge, it doesn't give off light.","So yeah, so in the Bullet Cluster, dark matter and galaxies stayed together just as they should, and in Abell 520, they do not, and that is a mystery as to why exactly that is. There isn't a comfortable explanation that can be readily arrived at.","Is there a theory about what may be happening, or just - you have to just think about it some more?","Well, so there's a number of things that could be happening. All of them are slightly disturbing."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) The speaker is explaining why dark matter cannot be seen because it has no charge and therefore does not emit light.","questions":"Which Cluster?","answer":"Bullet"}
{"text":["Well, it occurred to me very early on in my career that there's no story to equal the story of Moses. At least, you know, to me and my background. So, I wrote some notes - this is back in 1951 - about something called the lawgiver, which I would hope someday to write. And I put these papers aside and glanced at them now and then, but I never thought I'd be able to do it because Moses was just beyond my reach.","Mr.  Wouk, I mean, I don't think telling the story of Moses is beyond you. But I do want to point out that it's been done.","Well, that really was the trouble. It's been done to utter perfection. There's no matching the tale exactly as it's told in the five books of Moses. The key to writing it was there was no narrative voice so that, quote, \"Herman Wouk,\" unquote, is taking no responsibility for what's being written. It's just various voices around a production rather of a movie about Moses.","Every time in this book I read an email or a conversation that seemed to kind of be mocking Hollywood, I thought about the movies that have been made of your books. And they've been pretty good, haven't they?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He as not reaching for Moses but means that the story was something he could not write.","questions":"Which story was beyond his reach according to turn 0?","answer":"Moses"}
{"text":["Yeah. Everyone agrees that our prescription drug costs are too high - both right and left - you know, Democrat, Republican. It's one of the few points of information, points of fact that everyone agrees on. The problem is everyone disagrees on how best to tackle that. And there are a lot of forces that are resisting any change at all.","The bipartisan solution which Senator Klobuchar and Senator John McCain have proposed is allowing prescription drug imports from other countries, so we allow for a global competition in the sense of, you know, if everyone else is getting a better deal than us, why can't we buy our prescription drugs from there the same way we buy our, you know, refrigerators and cars?","Elisabeth Rosenthal, editor-in-chief of Kaiser Health News and author of \"An American Sickness: How Health Care Became Big Business And How You Can Take It Back. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The conversation is coming to an end and Elisabeth Rosenthal is being thanked for her valuable insights.","questions":"How was the conversation concluded with Elisabeth Rosenthal?","answer":"Insights"}
{"text":["Do you think the Trump administration has achieved that with this action?I mean, do you see them as having a coherent strategy in your view to bring Assad to the table?","No, I don't, and that's the problem. So the strikes were successful in the sense that we follow through on our word. But what now?There doesn't seem to be an answer to some of these larger questions that we were just discussing. Like, where do we go from here?What is our end goal in Syria?What are we doing about the humanitarian situation?Are we going to accept more refugees, or are we going to try to allow people to go back into their homes?Are we going to push for another political - a round of political talks like the ones we had in Geneva or not?These are some of the big questions that I think the administration should be thinking about right now and should be planning for rather than focusing just on the use of chemical weapons and the immediate reaction to that.","Jasmine El-Gamal is a senior fellow at the Atlantic Council, and she joined us from Beirut. Thank you so very much.","Thanks, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The administration should be planning for the future and not just focusing on immediate reactions","questions":"What was the main concern of PersonA regarding the Trump administration's approach to Syria?","answer":"Strategy"}
{"text":["Not me but we collectively.","We. And then in one place, Philadelphia, I believe, they say yeah mean, which is different.","I thought he played basketball. The Chinese guy, Yao Ming.","Oh, he's - yeah, yeah, yeah.","So it's - I've fallen in love with the phrase. I've fallen in love with the culture, with the people. And just trying to, you know, spread laughter and learn at the same time."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"Yeah mean\" is a colloquial phrase commonly used in Philadelphia. The actual meaning is \"Do you understand what I am saying?\" or \"Do you know what I mean?\"","questions":"How is \"Yeah mean\" commonly used in Philadelphia?","answer":"Understand"}
{"text":["My pleasure, Scott.","First, the basics - Secretary Pompeo's attending a meeting about - of about a dozen Asian nations. We know the president likes to negotiate one on one. So what is the multilateral message in Singapore?","So Pompeo was at a meeting of the foreign ministers of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. One of his main messages to them is that the U. S.  is not retreating from the region or turning in on itself. And he underlined this by announcing $300 million in new U. S.  government funding for security cooperation in the region and another roughly $100 million for economic and infrastructure projects. Now, observers were quick to note that that's really not very much money compared to China's investments in the region. And it's also a pretty small commitment compared to the Trans-Pacific Partnership free trade deal, which the Trump administration pulled out of in its early days. The other main message to Asian governments there was to just keep on enforcing those sanctions against North Korea until they give up their nuclear weapons.","The secretary says that Russia's violating U. N.  sanctions regarding North Korea and that Pyongyang is going back in its commitment to denuclearize, which says essentially the - you know, that summit a few weeks ago we hailed did nothing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The U.S. is making a small commitment to security cooperation and infrastructure projects in Southeast Asia, compared to China's investments and the Trans-Pacific Partnership deal that the Trump administration pulled out of. Asian governments were encouraged to continue enforcing sanctions against North Korea.","questions":"What message did Pompeo underline by announcing $300 million in new U.S. government funding for security cooperation in the region and another roughly $100 million for economic and infrastructure projects?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["What was the basis on which you were denied?","They said that we need to request a formal tour. And this is the problem. You know, I was at Homestead yesterday - the facility in Florida that houses 2,700 mostly teenage migrants. You think about it - they do these guided tours only at very specific times when they have a lot of notice about when people are going to come through. I'm told that lawyers who represent the kids in there have to sign a nondisclosure agreement so that they can't talk about the conditions in there.","It makes you wonder, what are they hiding?Why do we keep seeing images of overcrowding and of terrible living conditions, and then journalists go in there on one of these guided tours, and everything seems to be fine?","You visited another community center where there are migrant families or children. What did they tell you?Have you been able to get any reports?Or did any people who'd been in those facilities have anything to say to you about what the conditions were there?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : seeing images of overcrowding and of terrible living conditions implies the unpleasant view and conditions ","questions":"What view does the media portray of the living conditions in the facilities?","answer":"living"}
{"text":["And a few facts to guard those younger than you and me. Britain seized the Falklands in 1833, illegal then and illegal now, according to Argentina, which calls them the Malvinas. Every Argentine school child learns Islas Malvinas son Argentinas, but the roughly 3,200 residents adamantly insist they and the Falklands are and will always be British. But Jackson Diehl, none of that has changed since the end of the war three decades ago. Why has this dispute reemerge now?","I think it has to do with Argentine politics more than anything else. The reason the Argentine junta in 1982, military generals in charge at the time, invaded the Falklands, was they were desperate to distract popular attention from the fact that the economy was tanking and that they were losing their legitimacy. Now we have a civilian government in power, which, to its credit, doesn't want to invade the Falklands, but it has the same difficult economic problems again and it has the same problems with potentially losing legitimacy at home. And this is a very easy way to distract people.","This time, though, there is no hint of military action.","There isn't. And I think the interesting thing about this government is they have cut the Argentine military budget so severely in the last few years that even if Argentina wanted to invade the Falklands, they would be incapable of doing so. So that's one good thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing a subtle hint or suggestion, rather than stating something directly.","questions":"What kind of action is not hinted at in the current situation according to B?","answer":"Action"}
{"text":["Well, I want to offer condolences to you and the Virginia Beach community. I'm wondering what you can tell us about how people are holding up. I understand you visited a hospital where some of the people wounded in the shooting are being treated still.","I did. You know, this is - again, it's a horrific tragedy, and our hearts go out to certainly the 12 victims that showed up for work yesterday for the city of Virginia Beach intending to go home. And this tragedy occurred, and they weren't able to. And so there's a tremendous void in their families and our community right now. There's a lot of hurt and healing that needs to take place.","I was able to go to the hospital this morning. My intentions were twofold. I wanted to thank the caregivers, the doctors, the nurses and the administrators. And then also, I was able to speak with one of the patients and the families. And they're just such strong and faithful people and just going through what must be one of the hardest experiences in their lives. They were just very grateful for the care that they were receiving and grateful for the heroic work of the law enforcement agents yesterday.","Inevitably, after each mass shooting, there are calls for tighter gun laws. You introduced a number of gun control bills in Virginia's General Assembly back in January, not even six months ago."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The shooting was a terrible tragedy and has left a lot of hurt and healing needed in the community.","questions":"What was the intention of PersonA's visit to the hospital?","answer":"Thank"}
{"text":["Microfauna, can't get enough.","Microflora and fauna.","That's right.","Excuse me, I just thought of - wow, and was this something he started out to do, I mean, as a scientist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The living conditions of workers are terrible and lack privacy and basic necessities","questions":"How are the living conditions of the workers?","answer":"Terrible"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Secretary of State John Kerry has joined world diplomats in Geneva today in hopes of reaching an initial agreement to freeze Iran's nuclear program. His arrival suggests a deal may be within reach this weekend, but it's still not there yet. NPR's Peter Kenyon is in Geneva and joins us now. Peter, thanks so much for being with us.","Hi, Scott.","So, how do we read the tea leaves on this?The talks were supposed to finish yesterday, but now the secretary of state has flown all the way across the Atlantic to join them.","Well, it should be a positive sign, although the very latest comments from British Foreign Secretary William Hague are along the lines, well, the gaps are narrow but they're important and not easy to resolve. So, I think your point that we're not there yet is still very much in play. But I think there's also a high-level presence, which means there's a growing sense of urgency about wrapping up these talks. I mean, this is supposed to be the easy part - a six-month deal that's entirely reversible in just about every respect if something doesn't go right. So, hammering out a lasting comprehensive deal is going to be much harder than this. And if this one takes too long to negotiate, there's a fear the whole diplomatic enterprise could just collapse under pressure. We've already heard from both parties in Congress that more sanctions may come up next month if these talks fail. So, I'd say there is a feeling of some kind of a deadline. Maybe not this weekend but soon."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The expression \"read the tea leaves\" is used to describe gathering subtle clues to gain an understanding of a situation. In this context, it means to interpret the events to gain an understanding of the likelihood of an agreement being reached.","questions":"How does the expression \"read the tea leaves\" relate to the talks in Geneva?","answer":"Likelihood"}
{"text":["You've probably seen the signs in pharmacies now - flu shots here. You can buy shampoo, deodorant, nasal spray, M&M's and a flu shot. But if you're of a certain demographic, you might consider waiting a while before you get that shot. Here's some advice from Dr.  Laura Haynes, a professor of immunology at the University of Connecticut.","The best time for most people to get the flu vaccine would be in October. If you're a little bit older and over 65, I would say between Halloween and Thanksgiving.","Why should older people wait a month or more?Dr.  Haynes says. . .","Their immune response isn't as good to the vaccine. So the protection that's induced wanes more quickly. So therefore, you'd want to wait a little bit longer than you would if you were a younger adult. That way, you're protected throughout the majority of the really bad flu season, which happens from, say, January to April."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) A: On the other hand, in this case, much as you or I might find to step on the flag terribly offensive, it was - it seems to me - actually well integrated into the lesson plan. I think he was probably trying to shock his students. I think that maybe the best way to do that pedagogically, however, is to do something with a little balance. If you think your more conservative students are going to be shocked by the - you stepping on the flag, do something that's going to shock your more liberal students as well to illustrate to both sides in the classroom that shocking speech is also OK.  The literal meaning of this turn is that the act of stepping on the flag was integrated into the lesson plan to shock students and that the speaker suggests doing something with a little balance to shock both liberal and conservative students. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker believes that educators should not shy away from using provocative or controversial material in their lesson plans, even if it might offend some students. The speaker is suggesting that this approach can be a useful pedagogical tool to engage students and challenge their beliefs, but it should be done in a balanced way that respects all viewpoints in the classroom.","questions":"Which side of the classroom does the speaker suggest shocking to illustrate that shocking speech is also okay?","answer":"Both"}
{"text":["You know, it's the - there's not formal groups that kind of, you know, identify themselves. They don't have a problem with some other towns in the South where there's like, you know, revived Klan groups and such. I'm aware of the SPLC's research and such. But it's more - I think it's less formal than that but it's probably no less prevalent.","One of the things I'd like to ask you, because you're a person who has been writing about this and the photographs have been printed and seen around the country - the role of the media in covering this, does it make it better, does it make it worst?","Well, I think that really depends on, you know, literally what skin you're in, you know?A lot of the - many of the black folks in that town are very happy to see outside attention brought, they hoped that that scrutiny is going to force some changes down there. But by the same token many of the white folks are just outraged and they think that, you know, this is outsiders meddling in their affairs and they ought to just get their nose out of their business. There was the local Methodist preacher the last time I was there a month ago who told me that I was no better than a Christ killer but you know, you just kind of have to have thick skin.","Howard, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There are informal groups in the town that are not identified openly","questions":"What kind of groups are present in the town?","answer":"Informal"}
{"text":["Yeah. This is, again, completely innovative. You know, part of the problem that we have with tall buildings is building them all out of glass and then having to go to gymnastics to kind of cover them up on the outside, and we see that in America. But in intense solar environments like the desert, it makes even less sense.","This is an innovative way to control this. It actually, to my knowledge, for the first time creates this skin on the outside made up of, you know, hundreds of modules, which can open and close by computer control, depending on the angle of incident sun. So if the sun's on the other side of the building, the modules open up and allow natural daylight into the space. And if the sun is incident on the building, then those modules close up and block the sun from entering.","Is what makes a tall building great the ability to actually look like it fits in with the rest of the buildings in the neighborhood or the culture of the people?","I believe so. That's - you know, as a professor, that's the thing that I advocate. I believe that a Chinese tall building or a, you know, an American tall building or a Middle Eastern tall building should be different to each other in the same way that, you know, religious and other architecture is clearly identifiable."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"creates this skin on the outside\" - This is a metaphorical expression that refers to the outer facade or surface of the building, rather than a literal skin.","questions":"Which expression in the dialogue refers to the ability of the modules to open and close depending on the angle of incident sun?","answer":"Modules"}
{"text":["I gather there were women who asked you for medical help.","Yes. So some of the women who had been raped asked to know if they were pregnant. One of the most heartbreaking things I would have to do would be to confirm for women that they were, indeed, pregnant as a result of rape. Some of them were requesting testing for sexually transmitted infections, which we couldn't do on the boat, but we helped to arrange in Italy once we arrived there.","One of the things I say about my Doctors Without Borders work is that I often come across the best of humanity, but I also come across the worst of humanity. And these women, especially, told me of things that had happened to them that it never occurred to me that humans could do that to one another.","All right, Dr.  Giles, you have at least a few ears in America right now. What do we need to hear?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"I often come across the best of humanity, but I also come across the worst of humanity.\" This turn uses the figurative language of \"the best\" and \"the worst\" of humanity, which refers to the admirable actions and the despicable actions of people, respectively. It does not mean that the speaker encounters people who are entirely good or entirely bad.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the people they encounter?","answer":"Actions"}
{"text":["No, not at all. And I've been pretty much apolitical my entire adult life. But this election is obviously quite different than previous presidential elections. So I just thought - I thought it was necessary to jump in and use my voice.","Why?","The prospects of Donald Trump being president just scare the hell out of me. And that's coming after having initially, you know, supported him and hoped that he would be 180 degrees different from what he turned out to be.","I mean, am I wrong?I seem to remember there was a time when you offered to be the running mate for either of them.","Oh, sure. Yeah, a lot of that was a little bit tongue-in-cheek. I didn't really expect that to happen. But, you know, there was a time when Donald first got into the race where I would talk to him on the phone."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning behind this question is that A was initially willing to support Donald Trump and even offered to be his running mate at one point, but has since changed his mind and is now opposed to him.","questions":"What was PersonA's initial attitude towards Donald Trump's presidential candidacy?","answer":"Supported"}
{"text":["What do you think - if this decision is permanent, what do you think the U. S.  will miss by not being a member of UNESCO?","Oh, I think the U. S.  will miss a lot. It's a big loss for the United Nations family because we are part of this family. It is a big role for multilateralism. But I believe it is also a loss for the U. S.","Irina Bokova is director general of UNESCO. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you very much for inviting me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The implied meaning of this turn is that the guest is expressing gratitude for being invited to the show","questions":"How did the guest respond to the invitation?","answer":"Thank-you"}
{"text":[". . . He maintained a hold too long. That hold became deadly force. . .","Right.",". . . That his commissioner decided was not necessary at the point that it was being used.","However, there was a long review of not just the commissioner. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A case of police brutality is being investigated and all involved are subject to that investigation","questions":"How are the individuals involved in the case being treated?","answer":"Unnecessary"}
{"text":["You've probably seen the signs in pharmacies now - flu shots here. You can buy shampoo, deodorant, nasal spray, M&M's and a flu shot. But if you're of a certain demographic, you might consider waiting a while before you get that shot. Here's some advice from Dr.  Laura Haynes, a professor of immunology at the University of Connecticut.","The best time for most people to get the flu vaccine would be in October. If you're a little bit older and over 65, I would say between Halloween and Thanksgiving.","Why should older people wait a month or more?Dr.  Haynes says. . .","Their immune response isn't as good to the vaccine. So the protection that's induced wanes more quickly. So therefore, you'd want to wait a little bit longer than you would if you were a younger adult. That way, you're protected throughout the majority of the really bad flu season, which happens from, say, January to April."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) A: On the other hand, in this case, much as you or I might find to step on the flag terribly offensive, it was - it seems to me - actually well integrated into the lesson plan. I think he was probably trying to shock his students. I think that maybe the best way to do that pedagogically, however, is to do something with a little balance. If you think your more conservative students are going to be shocked by the - you stepping on the flag, do something that's going to shock your more liberal students as well to illustrate to both sides in the classroom that shocking speech is also OK.  The literal meaning of this turn is that the act of stepping on the flag was integrated into the lesson plan to shock students and that the speaker suggests doing something with a little balance to shock both liberal and conservative students. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker believes that educators should not shy away from using provocative or controversial material in their lesson plans, even if it might offend some students. The speaker is suggesting that this approach can be a useful pedagogical tool to engage students and challenge their beliefs, but it should be done in a balanced way that respects all viewpoints in the classroom.","questions":"How did the speaker suggest shocking both liberal and conservative students in the classroom?","answer":"Balance"}
{"text":["It is an example of how we can work together, from the scientific side, to generate very good data and answer the hard questions. As (inaudible) asked - are the things we do really impacting positively?It is also an example of how governments have worked together. When President Obama, Prime Minister Harper and the President Pena Nieto got together a couple of years ago, they signed this agreement. They established a high-level committee that has been working for these years. And we really wish we could have more of those cases. It certainly is an example to follow.","Just to remind our listeners, though, the numbers are still way down from where they were 20 years ago, so there's still a long way to go.","Jorge Rickards is field programs director from the World Wildlife Fund in Mexico. Thanks so much for speaking with us.","It's a pleasure. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the World Wildlife Fund in Mexico's field programs director, Jorge Rickards, has expertise and valuable insights to share on the topic of wildlife conservation.","questions":"How is Jorge Rickards associated with wildlife conservation?","answer":"Conservation"}
{"text":["And then the women also said they wanted their jacket to look like that. They wanted to wear a male tie, which is unusual. Usually women wear, like, kind of a little crosshatch-looking tie. But they wanted to wear a long, male tie. And they wanted a pencil skirt.","Were the women and the men in the military polled about this?","Yeah. From different ranks, they had people come in and look at the uniforms or hats, you know, sent the prototypes to them and said, what do you like?Is this comfortable?And what would you like to see?","So they get some sartorial input."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The women wanted to wear a long, male tie and pencil skirt, which is unusual for women.","questions":"What did the women want to wear that was unusual for women?","answer":"male"}
{"text":["It's hard. It is really hard when every time you look up, three kids killed here, four people shot here, somebody getting killed right down the street, right around the corner. It's kind of discouraging sometimes trying to do as much as you can with the resources that you do have.","Boy, I mean, I think a lot of people listening, well, will be very moved, but, I mean, some of them have to be saying, wait a minute. The president of the United States is from the South Side. Don't people look up to him?","I definitely look up to Obama. Obama's a great guy. I never forget - March 31 I wrote the president. You know, I'm from your city, and we're dying down here every day. What are you doing up there to stop what's happening to us down here?And he wrote me back, a little girl in a little basement apartment in Englewood. He wrote me back.","I was able to use that letter to inspire the people that live in this neighborhood like me. Don't ever stop trying. And it just goes back to the movement. No matter how hard things get, no matter every day and I'll wake up and I look at the news and more people have been killed, more people have been shot, that just shows me that I still have work to do."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that some people may question whether the President of the United States, who is from the South Side, is a role model for people in that area. However, the implied meaning is that the President should be doing more to address the issues and problems faced by the people in the South Side. The speaker is suggesting that the President has a responsibility to use his position to help the community and that some people may feel disappointed by his lack of action.","questions":"How might some people feel about the President's actions towards addressing the issues faced by the South Side community?","answer":"Disappointed"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me on.","You call this man's screed and his other provocative activity online - you call this booby traps. What do you mean by that?","I mean his goal is to provoke and sow division between the right and the left. A lot of the comments that he put in his manifesto are, essentially, things that he knew would be picked up by the world media and cause the right and left to get to each other's throats. Like, that was part of the goal - is to get people angry and fighting.","And can you give me an example?","Yeah. He brought up Candace Owens, who is a far-right YouTube personality and credited her for his radicalization, which is - cannot be true. He said that she was more extreme than him. This is a man who just shot dozens of people at a mosque. She's not more extreme than him.","He also mentions President Trump."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The goal of the provocative activity is to create division and unrest between opposing groups","questions":"What is the goal of the provocative activity?","answer":"Conflict"}
{"text":["I agree. I was shocked - really shocked - when I found them. And then many things happened to me with Chopin through my life.","Such as?","Well (laughter), you're not going to believe this if you don't believe in the unknown normal. But I had a death mask of Chopin given to me. Some friends came over, and they said, what's that?I said, it's death mask of Chopin. That's what they used to do in those days. When someone died, they'd get someone to put wax on his face and make this death mask as a memorial. I took it off - down. I said, please be careful with it because it's, you know, very unique. There are only two or three in the world. My wife was there. My son was there - he was about 17 - and these two friends. And, suddenly, a fluid started coming out of one of the eyes. And I put my hand into this fluid, and it was salty. So I guess there was no question in my mind these were tears. What I felt was that Chopin was happy that he could communicate somehow with the current world.","You know, I learned one thing. People who are negative about these kinds of unknown normal things - they will never change. They'll always find another way that it could've happened or try to find another way that it could've happened. But I just give up try to convince them because they won't ever be convinced. The ones who are skeptics - once they hear about it, they say, oh, actually, it's real."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"fluid started coming out of one of the eyes\" is a literal description, but the interpretation of the fluid as tears from the death mask is a metaphorical or supernatural belief.","questions":"What was the fluid that came out of one of the eyes?","answer":"Tears"}
{"text":["What can Americans learn from 18 years of war?That's what the U. S.  has faced since the 9\/11 attacks in 2001. James Mattis was in position to learn. The Marine veteran served in Afghanistan and Iraq and was defense secretary under President Trump until he resigned. Mattis has a memoir - \"Call Sign Chaos. \"He avoids direct criticism of the president. When we spoke yesterday, we asked if the president thinks long term, and Mattis said only that people around him do. The general describes his own detailed planning. Before leading a force into Iraq in 2003, he read thousands of years of history of Alexander the Great and others who invaded that region before him.","What could a multi-thousand-year-old battle teach you that would be relevant in the 21st century?","Well, there's enduring aspects of leadership, and plus geography doesn't change. And so when you read about the challenges they faced, it gets you thinking about your own. I knew we were going to be operating very deep inside the Middle East, and I had to decide what was the right manner in which I wanted the troops to go in. So I used words from antiquity. From a Roman general, I used no better friend, no worse enemy. We were going in to liberate the Iraqi people from Saddam. We were not going in to dominate them. I didn't want triumphalism. I wanted to go in with a sense of first do no harm.","So you read thousands of pages and then tried to boil it down to a few phrases, or in some cases even a word, that you could pass on to thousands of people."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The roman general he used was not someone he knew, but they were helpful in good and bad ways.","questions":"Which Roman general did Mattis use as a reference for his leadership style in Iraq?","answer":"Roman"}
{"text":["Help us understand. Just how good were the Lightning before this collapse?","Oh, quite good. They had 62 wins in the regular season. That tied the all-time NHL record for wins in a season. This was a team that was doing historic things in the regular season. Consider this. Thirty of their 62 victories were by three goals or more. So every time they stepped on the ice, they weren't just winning. They were blowing away their opponents.","So it's safe to say any sane hockey analyst (laughter) basically would have said that the Lightning was going to win the series, right?So what happened?","(Laughter) Well, I think Lightning defenseman Ryan McDonagh put it best. Everything that they did so well in the regular season, the Columbus Blue Jackets did it better in this series. But the bigger picture is this for the Lightning. They clinched a playoff spot in early March. They've been on cruise control for months. The Columbus Blue Jackets had to win seven of their last eight games just to get into the playoffs. So when push came to shove and adversity hit in the series, the Lightning had a bad six days compared to a great 82 games in the regular season, and then they were swept."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"collapse\" in line 1 - The word \"collapse\" is being used metaphorically here to refer to the unexpected defeat of the Tampa Bay Lightning in the NHL playoffs, rather than a literal collapse.","questions":"Which NHL team tied the all-time NHL record for wins in a season?","answer":"Lightning"}
{"text":["The MIT Media Lab has been under fire for the past several weeks for its financial links to deceased sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. The lab's director, Joi Ito, initially said he had accepted $525,000 and more for his own private tech investment funds from Epstein, and he apologized. Now The New Yorker has detailed the lengths to which the MIT lab went to conceal its acceptance of millions of dollars more in gifts arranged by Epstein. Today, Ito formally resigned, writing, quote, \"after giving the matter a great deal of thought over the past several days and weeks, I think that it is best that I resign as director of the media lab and as a professor and employee of the institute, effective immediately\" - unquote. Joining us to talk about this is NPR media correspondent David Folkenflik from New York.","David, welcome back. Thanks for joining us.","My pleasure.","Could you just walk us through the scale of this?How far did MIT go to conceal their ties with Jeffrey Epstein?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Joi Ito received money from Jeffrey Epstein, leading to his resignation from the Media Lab.","questions":"What did Joi Ito apologize for?","answer":"Gifts"}
{"text":["It turned into sand. We're going to stick with that.","(Laughter).","We atomized the entire thing.","So you get a sense of how this whole thing is going. Obviously, we should then inject alcohol into the situation. For his new show, Brad spent some time around Austin, Texas. So to cap off the visit, we made a cocktail - a paloma made out of a spirit called sotol, distilled from a plant that grows in the Texas desert."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : So you get a sense of how this whole thing is going. - This implies that the speaker wants the listener to understand the context and overall direction of the conversation.","questions":"How did they cap off Brad's visit in Austin?","answer":"Sotol"}
{"text":["Good morning, Renee.","First, that citizenship question. In just a matter of days, it's been on, it's been off. Now the president says he wants it on again. What's going on there?","The Supreme Court said last month, you could have it but only with good justification. And the Supreme Court has ruled before that the census is supposed to count everyone and not just citizens, as it has always. Then, the president said yesterday he had four or five ways that he could get this question back on. But executive orders, which were one of the ways he mentioned, do not supersede court orders. So the president is still going to have to have something that pleases the court.","And yesterday, a federal judge in Maryland ordered further discovery in this case, meaning people from Commerce and the Justice Department are going to have to answer questions about this question, where it came from. And yesterday, in court, the lawyers for the administration admitted that, at this point, they don't know what to say.","The president has also been tweeting about another big story, the conditions at Border Patrol detention centers. Yesterday, he said many of the migrants held there were - and I'm quoting - \"living far better now than they were where they came from and in safer conditions. \"I mean, that's not what a report from the Department of Homeland Security's own Office of the Inspector General said this week. It - that report warned about dangerous overcrowding and prolonged detention without proper food or hygiene or laundry facilities - very big difference."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Pleases the court could mean \"good enough for the court\" or something like that.","questions":"How did the Supreme Court rule on the census citizenship question?","answer":"allowance"}
{"text":["So a medicinal leech is a common name that we use for leeches that feed on humans. . .","Oh.",". . . And have anticoagulants that could be used in modern medicine. Leeches have these anticoagulants in their saliva. So when they bite, that causes the blood to flow and for the blood to stay liquid inside the leech once it's eaten it. And this has been used in medicine for many, many years. It was most popular in the 17, 1800s in Western medicine, and it's even used today in modern medicine. Leeches are approved medical device in the United States, and they're used readily.","Tell me about your collection method. How did you find this three-jawed leech?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It's not three jawed but has multiple capabilities when it bites a person.","questions":"How would you describe the leech's capabilities?","answer":"Multiple"}
{"text":["It probably had more to do with Moore - Roy Moore - and his unique trainload of baggage. But it's still hard not to compare it to what happened back in 2010 when Scott Brown was elected in Massachusetts, taking Teddy Kennedy's seat. And this was at about the same point in President Obama's first term.","That really changed the mood on Capitol Hill. It did not stop the passage of Obamacare, but it signaled a big turnover in Congress in the next elections. And we could be heading into a correction here in the other direction under President Trump.","NPR's Ron Elving. Thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"NPR's Ron Elving thanking Scott\". However, the actual meaning is \"Scott thanking NPR's Ron Elving.","questions":"Which person thanked the other, Scott or Ron?","answer":"Scott"}
{"text":["For the second time in as many months, Mozambique is recovering from a deadly cyclone. In March, it was you Idai. This time it's Kenneth. Kenneth was a Category 4 cyclone when it made landfall in the north of the country last week. Devastating winds were followed by days of torrential rain and widespread flooding. The government says at least 38 people have died.","For more, we're joined by Deborah Nguyen with the United Nations World Food Programme. She's in Pemba, near the center of the storm's path. And to begin, can you tell us what the damage looks like on the streets of Pemba right now?","In Pemba itself right now it's completely flooded. It has rained for the past two days, which is making humanitarian aid difficult.","Currently you're involved with the teams who are distributing food. What kind of food are you bringing to people?And how are you able to reach them?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The cyclones in Mozambique have caused a lot of destruction and loss of life.","questions":"What is the reason for the widespread flooding in Pemba?","answer":"Rain"}
{"text":["Tomorrow, car sales numbers for November are due out, and they're not expected to be good. That could lead to more dealerships shutting down, and that could mean a big loss of revenue for local governments. For example, this year, the state of California has lost at least two billion dollars in sales taxes due to the drop in car sales.","To get a better sense of how local governments are coping, we're joined now by Marshall Bond. He is the city manager for Monroeville, Pennsylvania. Thanks for joining us, and why don't you tell us how many car dealerships are in Monroeville?","Just about every major domestic and foreign manufacturer sells cars here in Monroeville.","And so, how much of your budget comes from the revenue from car sales at these dealerships?","We have a business tax which obviously is, I'd say, probably of that - I'd say total tax is probably about 15 to 20 percent is based upon our related car industry."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The car sales numbers for November are expected to be bad and it may lead to dealership shutdowns, causing a big loss of revenue for local governments.","questions":"What is the potential impact of bad car sales numbers on local governments?","answer":"Loss"}
{"text":["We're going to talk through this now with Jamil Jaffer. He was a lawyer in the White House under President George W.  Bush. And he was senior counsel to the House intel committee. He joins us now. Welcome back.","Thanks, Lulu. Good to be here.","All right. We have the Democratic memo. What have you learned from reading it?","Well, look. I think that what we've learned is there's a real debate here between the two sides about the substance of this application on Carter Page, the FISA application and the three renewals. And, you know, what was going on here?According to the Republican memo, it was a highly slanted investigation. Information from this dossier, which has largely been discredited now, was used to obtain the surveillance.","And for the Democrats, you see a response that says, no, in fact, there were lots of sources of information. The memo was but one source and that this was a long, ongoing investigation long before they even heard about the memo. And we ought not believe the Republicans' claims. And so we have a very clear now debate. The American people can read both memos and have a honest discussion about, you know, who has the right of this here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Republican memo was biased and used unreliable information.","questions":"What was used to obtain the surveillance according to the Republican memo?","answer":"Dossier"}
{"text":["Well, I would say that he is a guy that tends to see silver linings in dark clouds. And, you know, this is a man that, in private business, had 10,000 lawsuits over his career, so I think he has a unique ability to sort of quarantine in his mind the impact some of these things have.","And what's the risk in that?","Well, I think the implications, again, is that it's not just about Zelenskiy. It's not about the Ukraine. It's not about Rudy. It's - the can has been opened. Now we have to see if there's good soup inside or worms, right?They're going to be looking for stuff - the House Democrats - that are not going to be very glowing and positive about the president. So if we think these revelations are not good - and now they might get an expedited subpoena power with the impeachment process under way. It's not good.","Does the seriousness of this cast a shadow on the White House?Are they concerned about what, for instance, is going to be coming out today?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Not soup, but they have to study the situation to see if it will be good or be trouble.","questions":"Which food item is mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Worms"}
{"text":["ou're also seeing some extreme moves by companies like Advantage Consultants who basically say, hey, we can supply you, Mr.  and Ms. Candidate, with an army-full of bloggers ready to get your campaign out on the blogosphere 24\/7. It's just - it's like the wild, wild West right now on the Internet.","Is that - I mean, of course, all fair - all is fair in love, war and politics. But is that cheating in a way, you know, blogs were created initially as if, like, I'm just going to express what's in my heart. And now, it sounds as if what you're saying is that there is a lot of people who are saying, I'm going to create the appearance that people are speaking from their heart.","Yeah, and, you know - and this is - gets into astroturfing and a whole bunch of other terminology behind what's the real message of these types of Web sites. You're right. The organic nature of a blog was to be something that was transparent, that wasn't agenda-driven. And obviously, when you start looking at politics and campaigns, it's agenda-driven. So now, they're looking at these tools being PR machines, more than this transparent, here-is-a-look-into-my-life type of outlet that it used to be.","Speaking of transparency, there is some information that campaigns don't always give out, like where their money is coming from. And tell me about OpenSecrets."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"express what's in my heart\" is a figurative expression that means to express one's true and honest feelings.","questions":"How was a blog supposed to be transparent according to A?","answer":"Transparent"}
{"text":["What should we make of these shocking statistics?","I think to most Alaskans, these statistics aren't surprising. Anyone who lives here knows someone or is themselves a victim of sexual violence. And so this is a reality that Alaskan residents are constantly made aware of.","You say in an opinion piece you wrote for the Anchorage Daily News that 59 percent of women in Alaska say they've been sexually assaulted.","That's right. And it should be noted that, though that number is remarkable, it is likely that that number is also conservative. And we should also note that amongst the 59 percent of Alaska women, 61 percent are Alaska Native, which makes Alaska Native women almost 10 times more likely than other Alaskans to be victims."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Sexual violence is a widespread problem in Alaska.","questions":"How common is sexual violence in Alaska?","answer":"Widespread"}
{"text":["Yeah. The deficit - you can think about that - that's just a gap between what the government spends and what it takes in. So if you outspend your paychecks a month, you might put the difference on your credit card. The government does the same. That's the deficit. The debt is like the accumulated credit card balance, the sum of all the deficits you've run in the previous months or years.","So the bigger that balance on the government's credit card, the more the government has to pay in interest costs. And that means it's got less money available to spend on everything else we want the government to do. What's more, if the government's borrowing a whole lot of money, that potentially means there's less money available for individuals and businesses that want to borrow. And that can have the effect of curbing economic growth. Economists call that the crowding out effect.","This was a huge issue for Republicans, and they seem now to have backed off of that.","Yeah. Some of the Republicans who used to sound the alarm about rising deficits during the Obama administration seem less concerned about that now. I'm not sure if that's because they've gotten some new economic theory. It may have more to do just with who's in charge. During the recession, we saw dire warnings about debt-to-GDP ratios. Those turned out not to be true. A better question might be, you know, what are we running up the debt for?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A large government debt can lead to less money available for individuals and businesses to borrow, which can slow down economic growth.","questions":"Which factor can potentially curb economic growth?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Chop, chop into smallish pieces.","OK.","Then you soften eight ounces of cream cheese, and you blend that with two-thirds of a cup of sour cream, get it all nice and smooth and then you spread that over the minced onion.","And you have the ambulance on speed dial, but yeah. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Hurry up and get started on the task.","questions":"Which ingredient is blended with sour cream to spread over the minced onion?","answer":"sour-cream"}
{"text":["And it's working. It's really working. So, I think that the new music coming out of Atlanta, the new kids that are coming up are really taking what we did in the past, over the past 20 years, and infusing it with the new, like they're erasing all the boundaries.","I just like to add one thing. Yellow Wolf is also a discovery of Kawan K. P. Prather, who was also at Le Face Records. So, it is like the story continues to. . .","The generations roll on.","Yeah. Yeah, exactly."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The new music coming out of Atlanta is a combination of the old and the new","questions":"Which city is being referred to in turn 0?","answer":"Atlanta"}
{"text":["And it's interesting. As you talk about this, the catcher today has regained some of that reputation from those days.","I think so. I think the catcher's toughness is really recognized. And also, the catcher's unique position, as somebody who's part of the offense and part of the defense, plays a key role in what the pitcher throws and the pitcher's ability to throw, you know, particularly balls in the dirt, which are very hard.","You know, if you don't have a good catcher back there, then the whole team is lost. And so I think the catcher has really started to regain the reputation of being a key contributor to both, and I think that's why so many great managers are former catchers.","We've been talking about Deacon White, the newest member of baseball's Hall of Fame. Baseball historian Peter Morris, thanks very much for your time today."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The catcher is tough and plays a crucial role in the pitcher's success.","questions":"How does the catcher contribute to the pitcher's performance?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["Of course that's what somebody would say that. It's oozing with privilege, right?When we look at women's issues, women's rights, this is a scope in which a man should not have any say on. And I think that it's so asinine for people to - men in particular - to think, like, this is a personal issue. This is something that is true in the world. It's - it can only happen to women. Men will never have to face pregnancy ever. And the people who are going to talk about policies and these protections are going to be men.","Is it true that all the people who negotiate these contracts at Nike are men?","They're all men that are - within house at Nike have been and are all men. It's an old boys club. The culture at Nike is - that's - it remains to be an old boys club. And this is the time for it to be exposed. You know, the time is now.","That was Olympian and former USA champion Alysia Montano. Alysia Montano, thank you so much for talking to us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Men should not have a say in women's issues and rights","questions":"Which gender is specifically mentioned in turn 0 as not having a say in women's issues and rights?","answer":"Men"}
{"text":["What sorts of things have you been doing?What has Save The Children been doing?","Well, obviously, we focus on children, but we're looking at livelihoods. You know, I was saying that fishing boats have been destroyed and people are now really struggling. So we'll be working with fishermen to try to support them to repair their boats. We're repairing schools that children can go - try and go back to school. Over 3,000 schools were damaged, meaning that over a million children are now not being able to go back to school.","So we are really still working around the clock to do what we can to make sure that families can get back on their feet.","Now, this is a holiday week and the Philippines is a predominantly Christian country. Has there been any Christmas celebrating going on?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - The actual meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking whether the people in the Philippines have been able to find any joy amidst the disaster, not just asking if they have been celebrating Christmas.","questions":"What is the speaker actually asking in turn 3?","answer":"Whether"}
{"text":["So when he came home, how was he different in how he treated you, related to you, related to family life?","He's totally different. For one, Michael is very quiet. And since he returned, he's even distant, and it's causing a lot of problems in our marriage. And it's just - this war have caused a lot of stress on the wives and the families, they have to deal with these soldiers when they return.","What do you try to do with or for Michael to help him adjust?","I try everything in the world, and it seem like it don't help. Because he have a wall built up, and for one, we don't have enough help here. We only have one clinic that we can go to for counseling and therapy. And it's like two-hour drive away from where we live, so that's a major problem, too."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : a wall built up implies that the man is not communicating with others about his emotions","questions":"How is the man's communication style described in the dialogue?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Initially, Manaf was very close to Bassel. I mean, he was his childhood friend. But when Bassel died and Bashar became the heir, obviously, the friendship and the loyalties were transferred to Bashar. And Manaf was by Bashar's side, you know, from the get-go.","You know, in 2011, when the uprising started, here, Manaf made the break and said, you know, I'm not going to be like my father, Mustafa; I'm not going to kill, you know, to preserve this regime. So he stepped back and eventually had to leave the country.","When you talked to Manaf Tlass, who was a loyalist for so long, what does he say is the moment when he said, I got to get out of this - this friendship, this country?","Initially, when the uprising started, Manaf was trying to convince Bashar not to use violence, not to actually shoot protesters. But the problem is, you know, Bashar was surrounded by these hardliners - his brother Maher al-Assad and his cousin Hafez Makhlouf. So this is very much a family affair ruling Syria. These people were for actually shooting people from the first day. And the idea was if you shot enough people from the first day, you would scare them off the streets. That was the logic."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Manaf Tlass decided not to support his father's regime","questions":"Which regime did Manaf Tlass decide not to support?","answer":"Father's"}
{"text":["Now, when we look at this, what they're doing, there was a - you know, in some ways perhaps a minor incident, but a telling one where the British publication, the Telegraph, reported online that the G8 leaders enjoyed a six course lunch followed by an eight course dinner. African leaders were not invited and of course they're talking about the global hunger situation. There was a lot of static about that. Do you think that, that was symbolic in any way or just, you know, big time world business as usual?","Well, Farai now you're going to draw the cynical side out of me. This was an incredibly stupid, careless move, by the G8 leaders where they basically seemed to have thought off camera they could do whatever they wanted to. And they demonstrated, for all to see, the contempt actually that they have towards the rest of the world.","That they basically - they see themselves, as in effect, the rulers of this planet. So, when they're on camera there'll be the tears, there'll be the concern. Off camera you saw this hideous example of consumption.","What do you think the G8 leaders should be doing in terms of an Africa agenda?I'm going to get to a couple of specific things, specific national issues of Zimbabwe and Nigeria in a second."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : G8 leaders' off-camera behavior contradicts their on-camera concern and shows their excessive consumption.","questions":"What did the off-camera behavior of G8 leaders demonstrate?","answer":"Excessive"}
{"text":["President Obama in Elkhart, Indiana, today says he will create an independent, bipartisan board to oversee spending and to ensure that the money isn't wasted. The high school auditorium in Elkhart was filled to capacity for President Obama's town hall meeting. According to the Elkhart Truth newspaper this morning, the line to get in was longer than a football field. People waited for hours in predawn frigid temperatures. The president chose Elkhart to sell his stimulus plan because it's one of the cities that has suffered the most in this recession. Elkhart's unemployment rate is 17 percent. Earlier, I spoke with the managing editor of the newspaper, Greg Halling.","So, 17 percent unemployment rate; tell us more about how the economy has affected Elkhart.","What you see is, in Elkhart, is just everywhere you look, people who have held jobs, who've been able to take care of their families, basically, their entire lives, for the first time, being forced to go to food pantries just to make sure that they can make ends meet.","So, with a 17 percent unemployment rate in Elkhart, the people must be pretty desperate. How much faith and how much hope are they pinning on the stimulus package?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Obama wants to make sure that money is not spent on things that are not needed.","questions":"How does Obama plan to oversee spending?","answer":"Board"}
{"text":["Yeah, literally - quite literally. Yeah, man. It's like - it's usually my go-to in writing. And it's just naturally a - such a part of everything. And then in making that song \"Disco,\" it's like, disco - what do you think of disco?Like, strings. Strings are all up in and around disco - heavy, heavy, heavy.","(Vocalizing).","What's this song about - \"Poor Fake\"?","I think it's about kind of looking deeper into something that on the surface, seem so authentic and so real. But then as you get closer to it, you start to see what it's really made of."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker uses 'literally' in a figurative sense.","questions":"Which word does the speaker use in a figurative sense in turn 0?","answer":"heavy"}
{"text":["Lots of people are pretty angry about this, understandably so. Is there any kind of limit or regulation on how much banks can charge their customers?","It depends on the state where you live. Much of this is ruled by state law. But for the most part, no. The basic rules that apply to this is, the bank must at least tell you what the fees are up front. The problem with that is, many studies, including a recent one by the federal government earlier this year, shows that a high percentage of banks simply don't ever tell customers anywhere in the fine print, anywhere in person what the fees are.","It all sounds pretty grim, but I'm wondering if somewhere, there's a bit of a silver lining. If people are going to get charged more for things like overdrafts and bounced checks, do you think people might pay more attention and be more responsible about their money?","I mean, that's the hope, but one of the things - one of the reasons the banks do this isn't necessarily to get people to act better. What they realized a few years ago is that the poorest customers ultimately cost them money. They're literally losing money on people who don't keep a lot of cash in their account but yet call up the customer service line or go to the bank."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Banks often do not disclose fees upfront to customers.","questions":"How do some banks behave regarding disclosing fees to customers?","answer":"Don't"}
{"text":["And from New York, Serena Blanchard, as in: From Serena, 1988. Thank you for being with us.","Thank you for having me.","Now, Ms.  Blanchard, you were only 8. So how did you wind up getting cited in this eminent textbook?","I wanted to write a poem for my father's book. I wanted to write an introduction. Apparently, he was looking for some form of dedication page. So I was tying my shoe one day, and I came up with a poem, and I offered it to my father and to Stan. But I think Dad can probably explain the rest from there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : I wanted to write a poem for my father's book. I wanted to write an introduction. Apparently, he was looking for some form of dedication page. So I was tying my shoe one day, and I came up with a poem, and I offered it to my father and to Stan. But I think Dad can probably explain the rest from there. Implicated meaning: A is explaining how she came up with a poem for her father's book in a spontaneous and unplanned manner. The phrase \"came up with\" implies that the idea for the poem suddenly occurred to her, without deliberate effort or prior intention.","questions":"What was PersonA doing when she came up with the idea for the poem?","answer":"Tying"}
{"text":["It's a lot. . .",". . . Yes.","It's a lot of money to most people around the country.","And congressman, you know, if - let me understand this, are you calling for the outright abolition of the program?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is stating that the amount of money being discussed is significant not just to themselves, but also to most people in the country. This suggests that there may be financial hardship or inequality that the speaker is aware of.","questions":"How significant?","answer":"Significant"}
{"text":["And Happy Thanksgiving to you. This would essentially be an enterprise in which people would put money on terrorist acts.","Well, you know, the prediction markets - markets like political prediction markets, where people risk money on the presidential election, things like that - have been remarkably successful in many different areas. So a little more than a decade ago, the Defense Department thought the idea - why don't we try to do a prediction market that would include all sorts of measures of international instability?- where there'll be a coup, what government might be at risk, where the economy might fall. And it included questions about terrorism as something we might try to predict.","As you said, there was a public outcry. People complained about - this would mean people are earning money from terror attacks. That is, if you bet right in the prediction market, obviously, you'd get a payoff. And so it was dropped.","Well, how does putting money on the chance of something occurring, a terrorist act, improve somebody's sense of judgment in predicting it?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The turn that has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning is turn (1).  Although the literal meaning of \"And Happy Thanksgiving to you\" is a friendly holiday greeting, the implied meaning in this context is likely sarcastic or dismissive. This is because B responds to A's explanation of the prediction market with a statement that could be interpreted as not taking the idea seriously or finding it distasteful. The greeting could therefore be seen as a way to change the subject or end the conversation.","questions":"How did the Defense Department try to predict international instability?","answer":"Prediction"}
{"text":["Yeah. You know, it's a great question. I think that the core of the problem is that they say that they pursue these weapons out of insecurity. So the logical thing is can the world provide them some sort of security?And in past agreements that I have participated in, we provided them security guarantees and offered to negotiate a peace treaty with them. The problem is I think the security - insecurity that they feel is generated by the regime itself. You know, these sorts of totalitarian regimes never feel secure. And that's the core problem.","Because there's mass starvation. There's mass poverty. There's mass oppression.","Right. And that they - all those things, and that they don't rule by the consent of the legitimacy of the people. And that's the basic problem.","Yeah. China has a role in this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"China has a role in this?\"  The actual meaning of this turn goes beyond the literal question. The speaker is implying that China may have some level of involvement or influence in the situation being discussed, suggesting a potential factor that contributes to the problem.","questions":"What factor is suggested by the speaker as a potential contributor to the problem?","answer":"China"}
{"text":["I'm not so sure that it was missed, per se. I think it's been there at the forefront of the news for a really long time. I just don't think that we saw the potential that it would impact the election in the way that it did, insofar as it's tied up in these other economic and social struggles that are occurring within the same communities.","And to be clear again, you're not saying that people that have a problem with opioids or drug or alcohol voted for Donald Trump so much as people who live in those communities that have been affected by it statistically in your study voted for Donald Trump.","Well, that's right. And I can't say necessarily who voted for Donald Trump, but we have to remember that addiction and depression and these diseases and deaths of despair go far beyond the individuals themselves who are affected by them. They affect friends and family members and coworkers and first responders and service providers and employers in communities who are dealing with the struggles of these and experience the same sort of frustration and anxiety that are associated or wrapped up within diseases and deaths of despair.","You conclude your study by - I believe the quote is community level well-being played an important role in this election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The impact of the opioid crisis and other economic and social struggles in affected communities was underestimated in its effect on the election.","questions":"Which crisis was underestimated?","answer":"Crisis"}
{"text":["I'm just over the line. I'm near Heartbreak Hill, actually, and was out on the root of the race earlier today. But no, I'm - it would be very, very difficult to get down near the finish line on any marathon day at this hour.","And certainly at this point not safe to go anywhere near the Boston Marathon, and I assumed it's advisable that if you are in Boston you stay well away from the scene. Tell me about what kind of things you're seeing or what kind of reports you're seeing about the site itself, what it looks like.","The site itself looks like - I mean there is grey smoke on - these are just the images that are coming out of the area now. (Technical difficulties) been wall-to-wall people just an hour ago is now basically emptied out except for authorities. The place - the streets are littered with signs meant to be cheering on runners, water bottles and so on, and seems to be covered in a kind of grey dust. And we saw the windows on storefronts completely shuttered out, sidewalk stained with blood. From reports - eyewitnesses down there anyway, reporting, it seems that there were some very, very injuries.","I've been watching. They've been replaying on the television networks over and over at least one image - a video image of at least one of the explosions and they don't seem to show the next one. Do we know how far apart they were - a matter of seconds, was it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is difficult to get near the finish line during a marathon day.","questions":"Which line is difficult to get near during a marathon day?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["This is News and Notes. I'm Tony Cox. According to the American Medical Association, addiction is the most untreated treatable disease in America. It doesn't discriminate, affecting people without regard to race, sex, or economic status. And many addicts manage to function everyday without others knowing who they are. But how do they do it?Today, we continue our series on addiction with a look at functioning addicts. We're joined by Ed Storti, the author of several books and a certified alcohol and drug counselor and intervention specialist. Ed, welcome to News and Notes.","Thank you, Tony.","Let's begin with this. Give us an example of what a functioning addict is?","I think the functioning addict is one that's out there, they're on the freeway, they're going to work, they're trying to do the right thing, but ultimately, they're living in fear, they're living in emotional turmoil. Many find a way to sedate their feelings sometimes at night or early in the morning. But overall, they're still pulling it off. Meaning, folks haven't caught on or it takes for some folks, years and years. Personally, my youngest patient has been 12 years of age. My oldest patient has been 94 years of age. And I was just working with a group of people that the family said we need to intervene on this 82-year-old female. And I said when did you start noticing problems and issues with her and they said, well when she was about 41 years of age."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Functioning addicts hide their addiction while carrying on with daily life.","questions":"How do functioning addicts deal with their emotions?","answer":"sedate"}
{"text":[". . . in the most efficient way.","Right. So the ones in the back may get an advantage by swimming behind the fish, but they, you know, pay the cost of not getting to food first. They also are safer because they don't get eaten first if a predator is coming right at them. So it's a complicated issue, and he's just looking at this one little piece, but. . .","It's fascinating. The video is - I call it the Pied Piper fish.","Yeah, absolutely."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of B's turn is that the video is fascinating and is like the Pied Piper fish. However, the implied meaning is that the video is about the Pied Piper fish and thus the fish in the video are like the Pied Piper fish.","questions":"How does PersonB describe the video?","answer":"Fascinating"}
{"text":["And I went into Washington Park on Chicago's south side and met some retired African-American men who were spending their days fishing and who really were living history for me. You know, I had these books, but they would give me the ins and out of the black political machine, the state of race relations in the city. And everything that I was reading in these textbooks seemed dead because they could say exactly the same thing with so much more spirit, and I wanted to find a way to spend time with folks like that instead of just asking them a few questions and hoping they could give me short answers.","They basically told you, okay, I'm glad you talked to us, but talk to some younger guys. So what did you do?","So they sent me to a few neighborhoods. I constructed a survey, and I said okay, let me go see if I can start up some conversations. I went to the Robert Taylor Homes, a very poor public-housing development in Chicago. And I walked into this stairwell, and I met this street gang that was selling drugs in the stairwell, and they wondered who I was, and they thought I was a gang member, and they thought I was a Mexican gang member.","They started calling me Julio, and I administered the survey to them, and they just laughed. And they thought, okay, you must be from another gang because nobody's going to ask stupid questions like this. They kept me there, and I had. . .","You had multiple-choice questions like how do you feel being poor and black?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The experiences and stories of real people can offer more insight and authenticity than textbooks","questions":"How did PersonA feel about the information in textbooks?","answer":"Insight"}
{"text":["But I do think, at the Pew level, if you will, this is a divisive issue. And I am really hoping and I'm personally praying that evangelicals will stop and say, this one's too far. We don't want to close that golden door on people fleeing persecution, including people who are persecuted for their Christian faith. I think it's maybe not gotten a lot of attention that Christian refugees from some of the countries where Christians face the worst persecution in the world, along with other religious minorities, are also really dramatically harmed by these policies.","As I understand it, a big part of your work is talking to fellow evangelicals about this - about immigration more broadly. Can you give us a sense of what you hear in those conversations?","Yeah. You know, I wouldn't do this work - I think I'd be completely burned out if it wasn't for the opportunities I have on a fairly regular basis to be in an evangelical church in various parts of the country on a Sunday morning, preaching and teaching on God's heart for immigrants.","And what's encouraging to me is when I speak in churches, the response is actually really positive. I think a lot of churches are afraid to even have that conversation. But when they do, I find that most people are really receptive if it's grounded not in a political agenda - we're not there to tell people to vote for Republicans or vote for Democrats - but in a biblical message that focuses on who we know God to be, as revealed in the Bible, and his particular concern for vulnerable refugees."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to be burned out means you are sick of doing the same thing.","questions":"What does \"completely burned out\" mean?","answer":"Exhausted"}
{"text":["Yeah. We need to start thinking about them now, and people are thinking about it. There's researchers now who are working on thinking about stuff like how do you find a person who's DNA is really robust against radiation damage because of course radiation damage is a huge concern in space travel and in living on other worlds. And right now there are researchers who have gotten a little funding from NASA and a little funding from other sources to look at how does DNA repair itself after radiation damage and is there a variation between people. Are there some people who might be better suited for space travel or are there some sets of genes that make people better at dealing with that?","Well, Annalee, thank you for giving us optimism today about wiping out the - most of the people or life on Earth. Annalee Newitz is author of \"Scatter, Adapt, and Remember: How Humans Will Survive a Mass Extinction. \"Thank you very much, Annalee, for coming on this show.","Thank you for having me.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning is that the demise of all people on earth is not a reason to be optimistic.","questions":"How did Annalee Newitz make the host feel?","answer":"optimistic"}
{"text":["Are there any good reasons to use this?","There is a separate group here working on storing data in DNA. It turns out that DNA is really robust for long-term storage, whereas, you know, hard drives may die after a few years. You can conceivably store data in DNA for hundreds or thousands of years. And as long as life continues to be based on DNA, we'll always have a reason to read and write DNA. So it's sort of a technology that won't go obsolete.","So, I mean, we underscored the aspect of some kind of mischief or outright miscreants. But I wonder, you know, a few years from now, instead of having hard drives or storage systems, will people just carry around that information in themselves, in their DNA?","I'm not sure that people will carry around that information within them. But I do believe people will start using DNA for sort of long-term storage. So accessing data from DNA and putting data into DNA is a pretty slow process. And so you'll want to, you know, archive photos in there and things like that. But you won't want to use it for your day-to-day tasks, at least not for the foreseeable future."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: DNA may not be suitable for carrying out everyday tasks due to its slow processing speed.","questions":"How is DNPersonA's processing speed for day-to-day tasks?","answer":"Slow"}
{"text":["So explain to me how this system actually works.","Well, the first thing is to know what the weather is so you can know what the weather will be. That's the crux of it. So you need as complete observations of the global atmosphere as possible, which means coming from satellites and weather buoys and from sensors and airliners. And then once you know what it is, what you can do is then begin to run it forward in time.","But rather than just, you know, sort of being plugged into the supercomputers - you know, in comes the present, and out comes the future - the models are really a kind of ongoing concern. Every six hours, every 12 hours, they compare their own forecast with the latest observations. And so the models in reality are kind of - you know, they're sort of dancing together, where the model makes a forecast, and it's corrected slightly by the observations that are coming in.","And does anyone own these models and these satellites?I mean, is it part of a global web?Or does America have a certain piece of this and every country sort of have their own proprietary information that somehow gets passed along?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's not plugged in but typed in the computers. The models don't dance together but the data works together.","questions":"How are the models and data working together?","answer":"Together"}
{"text":["The British travel company Thomas Cook has collapsed. The company coordinates packaged tours, or rather they did coordinate packaged tours. They're going out of business immediately, leaving hundreds of thousands of travelers stranded overseas. The British government says getting a total of 150,000 British nationals home will require the biggest peacetime repatriation operation that Britain has ever conducted.","Daniel Thomas is the executive news editor of The Financial Times. He's covering this story from London. Welcome to the program.","Good morning.","How does a 178-year-old company close overnight?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when a company collapses, it means they went out of business.","questions":"Which company coordinated packaged tours and collapsed, leaving hundreds of thousands of travelers stranded overseas?","answer":"Thomas"}
{"text":["So as we talked about, there was some last-minute campaigning by the prime minister. And you might think he would be more relaxed after an Election Day, right?He's Israel's longest-serving prime minister.","Right. But you know what?He campaigned extra vigorously. He dragged a family out of their home to the polling place. He took a bullhorn, and he visited Jerusalem's main bus station and the main vegetable market. And he claimed over and over again that he could lose, that - he was claiming that right-wing voter turnout was low and left-wing and Arab voter turnout was high. Arab voters meaning Palestinian citizens of Israel, not Palestinians in the Israeli-occupied West Bank. They can't vote in Israeli elections.","Then Netanyahu went back to his official residence, and he spent hours streaming live on Facebook and Instagram and Twitter. He was trying to get people to go to the polls. He called it an emergency broadcast. He was taking calls from party activists. He called on TV commentators. He called them out by name and called them liars. He even appeared in a video clip with puppets. So, frankly, Audie, he overshadowed all of the other candidates on this Election Day.","And voters - how are they responding to it?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : last minute means to basically to do what you are meant to do close to a due date.","questions":"How did the prime minister campaign on Election Day?","answer":"vigorously"}
{"text":["Well, one way is that the schemes at issue here were really sprawling. This was not just one man doing something criminally inappropriate but rather pervasive, longstanding, industry-wide conspiracy, for lack of a better word, to promote these products.","And, you know, there may be a false sense of vengeance or accountability in pinning it on one individual and essentially letting others go free who were the ones that carried out this scheme. You could argue that the deterrent effect of legal action would be greater with a massive financial penalty that would really send a message to all other executives at all levels of a corporation that this could be their economic downfall.","Did we see that with the $500 million judgment in Oklahoma?Is that a big enough penalty to be a deterrent, or is it just the cost of doing business for Johnson and Johnson?","I think for a company on the scale of Johnson and Johnson, $570 million is not a lot of money. And we saw that in Wall Street's reaction to the verdict. To them, it was good news. This was probably the first time that having to pay $572 million was considered good news."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : pinning it on someone refers to someone else having to take the consequences for something","questions":"Which term refers to the consequences of pinning it on an individual?","answer":"Pinning"}
{"text":["Yeah, I've got a book going on, and I'm trying to work on some animation stuff. And, you know, and I don't need a crowd-funding campaign to do most of that stuff. It's just me and a couple cups of coffee at home on the computer. So I'm fairly low-budget with my needs at the moment.","Tell me a little bit about this book before we let you go. It's \"How to Tell if Your Cat is Plotting to Kill You\"?","Yeah. It's basically a collection of funny cat comics ranging from how to tell if your cat thinks it's a mountain lion. There is another one that will show ways to identify if your cat is a raging homosexual. So it's this kind of a mixed bag of weird cat. . .","News you can use, in other words."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The content of the book is humorous and not meant to be taken seriously.","questions":"How would you describe the tone of the book?","answer":"Humorous"}
{"text":["We don't know the why. We do know the effect. It bears a striking resemblance to the Jim Crow literacy tests. I mean, it's 43 questions ranging from geography to culture to agriculture. I would challenge any citizen of any state in Georgia to pass a test of 43 questions about their state.","So before we let you go, could you just describe for people, you know, what it is - because some people might not find it upsetting. They say, well, you know, maybe they're just trying to determine whether the residents of Puerto Rico who have moved are really from Puerto Rico as opposed to from some other Spanish-speaking place. Could you just describe for people again why this - in your view, this violates the law and is offensive?","Well, Puerto Rican American citizens have the same right to transfer their lives, move to another state and have a driver's license as Texans or Ohioans. It's a matter of federal law. It's a matter of the federal Constitution. And Puerto Rican citizens in Georgia are subject to a different set of rules that are much more restrictive.","That's Gerry Weber. He's a senior attorney at the Southern Center. He's also a professor at Emory University School of Law."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The 43-question test is discriminatory and reminiscent of Jim Crow laws","questions":"How would you describe the 43-question test? (Answer: Discriminatory)","answer":"Discriminatory"}
{"text":["Good.","They did have generators working, as did the airports. Now, officials are saying that this was a failure in the grid's interconnection system, which happened in the northeast, between two big installations there, and then triggered this unprecedented chain reaction. They don't think, by the way, that this was a cyberattack or any other kind of sabotage. But they don't exactly know what happened yet. They say it could be a couple of weeks before they do. We do know, though, that the grid and the infrastructure is not in good shape.","How are people responding to this odd Sunday?","Well, they're very angry, obviously. I mean, in Argentina, they're already facing really very hard times. Inflation there is among the highest in the world. The economy is - you know, they've got this boom-and-bust economy that's right now in such a mess that the government very controversially decided to sign on to this huge $56 billion IMF bailout. There are strikes and protests over President Mauricio Macri's austerity program, regularly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : strike implies to stop work and not to hit, blow or delete something","questions":"How does strike relate to the dialogue?","answer":"Protest"}
{"text":["No, no. I'm a member of the House of Lords, and I'm a proud British citizen. And, you know, if you want to meet monarchists, I'm about as monarchist as you can get. Now, I'm absolutely a proud Brit.","But I do want a German passport as well, which we're able to have, because I want to be able to travel freely throughout Europe. And I do feel that my ancestry is European. All four of my grandparents were German, and my mother and her parents came to this country before the war as refugees, and Britain was wonderful to them.","But now that I discover I am entitled to a German passport as well as my British one - I'm a proud British subject - that's what I'm going to do.","Is your decision impelled, or at least hastened, by the vote on Brexit?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - Impelled in this context implies \"motivated\" or \"influenced\" which is different from its literal meaning of \"urged or forced\".","questions":"Which word in turn 3 has a different meaning in this context than its literal meaning?","answer":"Impelled"}
{"text":["And it was remarkable to find these little details that people had. Oh, yes, when he was in college, you know, he belonged to this - some society. I'm forgetting the name right now. But the idea of it was to perfect one's dancing and etiquette. And the next door neighbor said he was always very interested in, you know, in correct speech and in, sort of, you know, elegantly holding himself out and that this was something that just went back, back, back, back, back.","Alan Feuer tells Alan Feuer's story in two articles in The New York Times, the most recent, \"The Secret Life of a Society Maven. \"You could find a link to that on our website. Go to npr. org, click on TALK OF THE NATION. And, Alan Feuer, thank you so much for sharing your story.","Oh, my pleasure.","Alan Feuer is a reporter for The New York Times. Tomorrow, after a gun battle outside the prime minister's house in Tripoli, we'll talk about progress and pitfalls and the ripples of revolution in Libya. Join for us that. It's the TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. I'm Neal Conan in Washington."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is referring to an article in The New York Times about a person's secret life as a society maven.","questions":"What newspaper published the article about the person's secret life as a society maven?","answer":"New"}
{"text":["So when he came home, how was he different in how he treated you, related to you, related to family life?","He's totally different. For one, Michael is very quiet. And since he returned, he's even distant, and it's causing a lot of problems in our marriage. And it's just - this war have caused a lot of stress on the wives and the families, they have to deal with these soldiers when they return.","What do you try to do with or for Michael to help him adjust?","I try everything in the world, and it seem like it don't help. Because he have a wall built up, and for one, we don't have enough help here. We only have one clinic that we can go to for counseling and therapy. And it's like two-hour drive away from where we live, so that's a major problem, too."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : a wall built up implies that the man is not communicating with others about his emotions","questions":"Which word describes the man's behavior towards communicating his emotions?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Well, she isn't calling Israel evil, but she is still using language that is anti-Semitic. The impact that it has is devastating. It's inflammatory. And unfortunately, I think it just causes more conflict. It makes it harder to have the kinds of policy conversations that she claims she wants to have on these difficult and fraught topics.","I'm sorry if this sounds naive, but why is a phrase like it's all about the Benjamins, baby, offensive to many Jews?","Well, it feeds into the classic stereotype of Jews controlling the world with our money, working behind the scenes to buy control over politicians and government policies. Part of it was the way in which she communicated it, too. It was a provocative and glib way of doing it, and it would have been much, I think, far more acceptable to say we need to have a conversation about the influence generally of money in politics, the influence of lobbyists and politics. And let's have a conversation without using the inflammatory language about these things.","So when Representative Omar tweeted anti-Semitism is real and I'm grateful for Jewish allies and colleagues who are educating me on the painful history of anti-Semitic tropes, how do you react to that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A believes that the language used is anti-Semitic, but not the person.","questions":"What is PersonA's opinion on the language used?","answer":"Devastating."}
{"text":["Well, it just occurred to me in the last few months that what I do is almost like a drug for me. If it's not there on some nights when my instrument is not working correctly like I want it to, or the sound isn't right, or the audience is heckling me, or somebody's not happy, it's almost like I'm not getting that fix that I need. And it is kind of the biggest drug in my life is taking music to people, in a way.","So, Lalah, you have a bunch of different sounds on this CD, and let's talk a little bit about the song, \"One Mile\" which has a little bit more of a hip-hop, R&B edge.","(Singing) Bring me all around the world, Tell me I'm the only one. I believe you love me so, Wondered how you let me down. Tricky how you said the words, Didn't even feel disturbed. You're my one and only girl, Those are only words I heard.","So, when you think about the story telling, and this sound, how do you cross-pollinate them when you put together something like this song?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker feels the need to perform music to feel complete.","questions":"Which feeling does the speaker experience while performing?","answer":"Complete"}
{"text":["And, you know, one can argue about how effective this instance of dueling briefs might have been in illuminating that whole issue for the American public. But it certainly wasn't anything like what we've seen in the current instance where you have, to be quite frank, a blatant use of the House Intelligence Committee for the purpose of trying to pre-emptively discredit findings of the special counsel.","But then - I'm glad you mentioned the disagreement between the two parties about - with the phrase was - what?- enhanced interrogation. . .","Right.",". . . Techniques. Because it is, among other things, the responsibility of Senate and House committees to oversee government action and to step in and make corrections and, for that matter, alert the public when they think intelligence agencies are going over the line, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn suggests that the speaker is feeling frustrated and overwhelmed.","questions":"How did the speaker feel about the disagreement between the two parties?","answer":"Notmentioned"}
{"text":["It's actually rotting their bones from the inside.","It's rotting. Yeah.","I suppose worth noting - the - these were young women at the time that they were employed working in factories. Not. . .","Teenagers, many of them. Yeah."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The young women working in factories were suffering a lot due to the unhealthy environment.","questions":"How were the women affected?","answer":"rotting"}
{"text":["And then the women also said they wanted their jacket to look like that. They wanted to wear a male tie, which is unusual. Usually women wear, like, kind of a little crosshatch-looking tie. But they wanted to wear a long, male tie. And they wanted a pencil skirt.","Were the women and the men in the military polled about this?","Yeah. From different ranks, they had people come in and look at the uniforms or hats, you know, sent the prototypes to them and said, what do you like?Is this comfortable?And what would you like to see?","So they get some sartorial input."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The women wanted to wear a long, male tie and pencil skirt, which is unusual for women.","questions":"Which clothing item did the women want to wear that is not typically worn by women?","answer":"tie"}
{"text":["A degree, yeah.","Yeah. We're talking Jay Kang about his article that ran in The New York Times magazine this past weekend, \"That Other School Shooting. \"And you're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","I wanted to ask you about another Korean-American you ran into. An Eagle Scout who, in fact, wanted to build a memorial garden.","Yeah, Kinsa Durst. He was - I think he is 19 now. You know, he's the type of the kid that I think every parent wants to, you know, at some way, their kid to grow up to be. He had sort of the same reaction that I had. And it was interesting to me that, you know, somebody so young who's father was not Korean but his father was Caucasian but living in Korea, I think, for a while, would be so honest about this idea that this reflects violent Koreans because Virginia Tech also happened, which I think is a quote he gave me verbatim.","And instead, you know, instead of sort of - I guess, sort of, wallowing in the shame of it or trying to suppress the connection or even sort of bearing it with post-modern, sort of, academic speak about how we, you know, no one person should represent anybody else. And he went on built a peace garden in front of the school with commemorative stones for the dead. And on - during one of the memorial services that I attended, he gave this talk about how he wanted to help Korean and American relations."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"He had sort of the same reaction that I had\" - The literal meaning is that Kinsa Durst had a similar reaction to the speaker. The actual meaning is that Kinsa Durst had a similar reaction to the speaker regarding the Virginia Tech shooting and its connection to Korean Americans.","questions":"Which event's connection to Korean Americans did Kinsa Durst react to similarly to the speaker?","answer":"Virginia"}
{"text":["Two gunmen were killed by security forces in the attack. What do we know about them?","Not much; details are still emerging. They both seem to be from the provinces in Tunisia, possibly near the Algerian border. They seem to have had some sort of involvement with terrorist organizations prior to the attack. There are reports out that at least one of the gunmen traveled to Libya in order to get training either with the so-called Islamic State, or ISIS, or possibly an al-Qaida-linked group.","By some accounts, about 3,000 people - Tunisians - have left for the conflicts in Iraq, Syria and Libya. Why so many?","Well, there's a variety of factors that are driving people to go. One is that Tunisia has been a success story in the transition towards democracy. But with that came political liberalization that society wasn't quite prepared for. All of a sudden a lot of radical preachers, who had been kept under wraps by an authoritarian government, were allowed to preach their messages on the streets and in mosques. And that inspired a number of young men to go abroad and to fight. And then finally it's just because there's a lot of opportunities to fight. I mean, Tunisia is a relatively stable country despite the attacks, but it's surrounded by unstable countries, particularly Libya. And Syria is just a plane ride or two away, so it's attractive for a number of young men to go fight abroad. Their motives are various, but there's a lot of opportunities for them to go, so they're taking them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker is not just talking about the literal number of opportunities to fight abroad, but rather the underlying reasons why young Tunisian men are motivated to go and fight abroad. The speaker points out that political liberalization in Tunisia allowed radical preachers to spread their messages, which inspired some young men to go abroad and fight.","questions":"What inspired some young men to go abroad and fight?","answer":"Preachers"}
{"text":[". . . That it's biased especially against people of color.","Correct. And to be sure, we need to take great care to be refining our use of risk assessments as much as we can. But the alternative is to do it the way we've always done it, which is to rely on judicial hunch and money, which, of course, makes no sense.","Judge Morrison, you've been on the bench here in D. C.  for 40-some years?","Almost 40 years."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He has not been on a bench but has been working as a judge for some time.","questions":"What has Judge Morrison been doing for some time?","answer":"judge"}
{"text":["The census is required by the Constitution and federal law. There's really no wiggle room here. Trump did sign this executive order directing all agencies to provide the Commerce Department with U. S.  citizenship and noncitizenship data of everyone living in the U. S. The thing is, though, that that data collection was already under way, or at least some of it was. So it's not clear what this executive order is really achieving.","House voted to limit the president's authority to use the military to strike Iran. What's the significance of that vote?","So this defense bill was really aimed at reining in the president's power to use military force against Iran without approval from Congress. This has been an issue not only with this president, but, obviously, with prior administrations - the question of when a president must get permission to take military action. And Democrats in the House are trying to take some of that authority back and give it back to Congress. Obviously, Trump was on his - very close to striking Iran, according to him, a few weeks ago.","But although the bill passed the House, it did so along party lines, and it's going to have a much harder time in the Senate. You're likely going to see some compromise have to be made for this bill to become law."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Trump's executive order may not be achieving anything new.","questions":"How was Trump's executive order on data collection perceived?","answer":"Unclear"}
{"text":["No, no, no. We have also identified 39 other states that have been impacted crimewise by our kits that were found in Detroit. They're not all rape cases. We also have some homicides, some other types of cases that testing rape kits will also help to solve.","What have you discovered might help processing this huge number of rape kits?You need more money, personnel - what do you need?","Well, when we first started, there really was no road map. So we kind of had to put it together ourselves. And the first thing that is of notice, Detroit was a near-bankrupt city. And so we had no money. At that time, it cost anywhere from $1,200 to $1,500 per kit back in '09 to test them. So we're looking at a multimillion-dollar problem just to get them tested. And it doesn't do any good to test them all if you're not going to follow up and investigate and prosecute them like you should have done - or like it should've been done - when this first happened. So those are the challenges we are facing. But my first challenge is basically begging and pleading with foundations, with Detroit businessmen and -women, with the general public - to basically fund the project.","Did you run into resistance from people who said, look, this sounds like a good thing to do, but Detroit's a city filled with good things to do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of (2): What resources do you need to help process the huge number of rape kits?","questions":"What was the cost per kit to test them back in '09?","answer":"$1,200,$1,500"}
{"text":["OK, starting with GlobalGrind. Here's the deal Farai, as you know, being in the media, it's becoming more and more niche, and people, especially what you're talking about Internet, you're talking about web communities and defining that niche. Now we're seeing more and more websites pop up where we've had black websites in the past, but GlobalGrind is this one-stop shop.","They claim, or they offer, for news, gossip, humor, entertainment. It's just about everything that users think is important. So the whole site is actually driven by users voting on other content that's happening elsewhere. And so the higher the vote of a specific piece of content, the more relevant it comes up on the GlobalGrind webpage.","Is it fun?","It is fun. It looks very clean. It's sleek. I do like the ownership behind the company, and some of the people driving it, because Navarro is a guy that ran 360HipHop. com, which was very successful that was sold to BET. I've met with their advertising people. I think they really got their handle on - they've made it mobile. They now integrate it with Facebook, which wasn't there before, which I was dinging them on. I was like, when are you guys going to get with mobile applications in a Web 2. 0 space?","All right, Mario. We have to jump in. RushmoreDrive. Give me the skinny."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being in the media industry is becoming more niche and specialized","questions":"How is the media industry evolving?","answer":"Niche"}
{"text":["It says, he that copieth this letter shall be blessed of me. He that does not shall be cursed, etc. , etc.","Oh, my gosh. Gotcha. And people believe this?Or enough people?","Many people believed it because they needed to or they wished to because the gaps in history - we have nothing from Christ's life that survives directly, physically from that moment. And so people wanted to fill in gaps - desperately to fill in gaps so that they could feel closer to the concept of a Jesus that was like them.","Well, show us something else."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is suggesting that A should provide evidence other than the letter to prove its authenticity.","questions":"Which letter is PersonB questioning the authenticity of?","answer":"The"}
{"text":["Oh, I absolutely see having access to care that you can rely upon to get the care you need is something we need to have across America. But how do you do that?Can you do that with a legislative pen?That was what the Affordable Care Act was trying to mandate. And it just doesn't work. And so what you've got to do is create a marketplace, both health insurance and in health care, that allows for people to access that care in an affordable, reasonable manner.","Are you convinced that high-risk pools are going to be able to cover people who are at risk with continuing and debilitating health conditions?I might add, both you and I have one of those.","Absolutely. I would agree that high-risk pools are going to address the issue in a new way, in a little different way, than what has been done previously in high-risk pools. But also it's going to give the flexibility and innovative opportunity to states to create new products, new ways to treat these issues. And to me, that's something we should be looking forward to rather than, you know, the status quo, no-we-can't-type mindset.","A new way but a reliable way. I mean, can you - there's lot of skepticism that these high-risk pools will do anything but make it unaffordable (ph) for people."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is questioning the reliability of high-risk pools, implying that they may not be effective in providing affordable care.","questions":"What is PersonB's concern about high-risk pools?","answer":"Effectiveness"}
{"text":["Yeah. That was something that I really loved about this script, actually, when it came in was the World War I element of the movie. It's depicted very realistically and shows the - you know, the horrendous elements of that war. But also, it - because of him suffering from trench fever, it has this hallucinatory element to it whereby you're kind of getting glimpses into his dark imagination and what he might have actually been witnessing instead of the reality around him at that time.","Yeah, the battlefield becomes kind of Middle-earth's Mordor in many ways.","Yeah, yeah, completely, which - I mean, he always said that that war wasn't an allegory for his work and the lands he created. But at the same time, I mean, obviously you're always influenced by experiences like that.","What do you do when you go into a biopic like this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The battlefield becomes very fantasy like instead of realistic due to the fever.","questions":"What element of the battlefield changes due to the fever?","answer":"Fantasy"}
{"text":["However, it's also this wonderful book about class and how we think about the way that books influence us. Every detail is amazing. I just - I - Claire Harman describes the aristocrat as being ripe and aged. It also really answers this essential question of how powerful can books be.","Barrie Hardymon, our books editor. And if you want specific recommendations, you can always tweet her @bhardymon, or tell us what you're recommending to your friends, @NPRWeekend.","Barrie, thanks for this.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"aristocrat as being ripe\" implies aristocrat as being mature.","questions":"How does Claire Harman describe the aristocrat?","answer":"Aged"}
{"text":["Mr.  Zandi, you served as an adviser for Senator John McCain's presidential campaign, and now you've been working with the Democrats in leadership. I'm wondering, what sort of advice are you giving them for how to get out of this situation?","Well, I think the most important thing is that government policy needs to be very aggressive. We need a concerted, comprehensive, and consistent response to our economic problems. The crisis is very severe and significant. And without such a response, we're going to be in the economic soup, so to speak, for a long time to come.","And specifically - I'm sure there's many things you've suggested - could you give us a couple of highlights of concrete plans?","Well, the thing that's on the drawing board right now is the economic stimulus plan, and I think we do need a very large plan that would include increases in government spending and tax cuts.","To add to this troubled economy, we now have the latest unemployment figures out this morning from major metropolitan areas. Here's how they look. In November 2007, 18 areas reported jobless rates of at least seven percent. In November 2008, that number jumped to 121. Which areas have seen the highest unemployment rate?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : not literally served, as someone placing prepared food on a table for someone to eat, but working in a job or position","questions":"How did PersonA clarify their use of the word \"served\" in turn 0?","answer":"Not-literally"}
{"text":["Well, if things go as expected, Netanyahu is on track to become Israel's longest-serving prime minister. To talk about Netanyahu's long career as prime minister of Israel, we're joined now by Daniel Shapiro. He was the U. S.  ambassador to Israel during the Obama administration, and he joins us from Tel Aviv. Welcome.","Thank you. Great to be with you.","So this will be Netanyahu's fourth consecutive term, but it's his fifth term overall as prime minister. Describe how you think Netanyahu has changed from the day he was first elected prime minister in 1996.","I think he's gone through several phases, at least on the issue that is so central to any Israeli prime minister - the Palestinian issue. He started as a real hard-liner. He dragged his feet on implementing the Oslo Accords they inherited from Prime Minister Rabin and worked on with the Clinton administration. And then when he left office in 1999 and returned 10 years later, he encountered President Obama, who wanted to try, yet again, to press forward on trying to achieve a two-state solution with the Palestinians."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Netanyahu's views on the Palestinian issue have changed over time","questions":"What has been the evolution of Netanyahu's stance on the Palestinian issue?","answer":"change"}
{"text":["It's a pleasure to be with you. And thank you very much for having me.","So this issue has been kind of dancing around the edges of political discourse for years now. I mean, Jesse Jackson made it part of his platform when he ran for president in 1988. And as we mentioned, your former colleague, Representative Conyers, reintroduced the bill in every congressional session for 25 years. But now it seems to be gaining some traction again. Why do you think that is?","I frankly believe that there's something to elections - And this is a Democratic House with Democratic leadership - and also the times. And it is tragic, but it is real that we've seen an uptick in racial incidences - white supremacy, white nationalism. And so the question of slavery, frankly, has never been addressed, particularly from the institutional governmental perspective. And I've updated the language of the resolution, HR40, and that is that it is a commission to study and to engage in proposals, recommendations on the question of reparation.","And it really goes to, I think, more people understanding that 40 acres and a mule was a legitimate concept right after the Emancipation Proclamation, and that never happened. But yet cotton was king. It was an economic engine of the entire United States. And so the prominence of the United States today in the 21st century is grounded on the free brutal labor that Africans gave and their descendants."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The issue of reparations for slavery is gaining more attention recently, especially with Democratic leadership and the rise of racial incidents.","questions":"What is the reason for the renewed attention on the issue of reparations?","answer":"Racial"}
{"text":["So alphabetically, Jeb Bush, Ben Carson, Hillary Clinton, Martin O'Malley, Bernie Sanders, who'd you like?","You know, I liked the fact that they all came. The important thing for the Urban League was that each of these five candidates accepted our invitation, came, and I think offered a serious perspective from their own point of view. They came in here. They talked about race. They talked about economics. They talked about the criminal justice system. They talked about cities. These issues don't get discussed on the main stage in many, many political debates and discussions. And so why we wanted them here, so they could talk about equality, talk about opportunity, develop those ideas in a way that will not, and - or, I should say, historically has not happened in this campaign up until this point.","Mr.  Morial, another unarmed black man was killed by an officer in Cincinnati. I wonder if you have some ideas you want to bring to our attention about how to try to repair a shattered relationship between black citizens and police.","It's an American tragedy of untold proportions, particularly as we've seen it play out in the last two years. Our ten-point justice plan recommended that body cameras and dash cameras be mandatory for all law enforcement all the way across the country. But we also believe that more must be done when it comes to police officer hiring, police officer training, and police officer accountability. The community wants to and must trust its police if they're going to be allies is in what we all want, and that is safer communities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"talk about race\", \"talk about economics\", \"talk about the criminal justice system\", \"talk about cities\" - these phrases are not meant to be taken literally as in simply having a conversation about those topics. Rather, the speaker means that they want the candidates to address these topics seriously and meaningfully, and to offer their perspectives and ideas on them.","questions":"What issues does the speaker want the candidates to address seriously and meaningfully?","answer":"Race"}
{"text":["We've got two foreign vessels in Iranian custody. We've got one Iranian tanker in British custody and no sign of the tensions cooling off. So what happens next is the big question and a lot of the options are not that great. I mean, remember, this is all happening in the context of the Trump administration's maximum pressure campaign against Iran.","Trump has been saying the return of American sanctions on Iran and other pressures are all designed to force Iran back to the negotiating table to hammer out a tougher version of the 2015 nuclear agreement - that's the one Trump pulled the U. S.  out of. So far, Iran's unanimous response from the military to the supreme leader has been, nope, Iran doesn't negotiate under pressure. We're not going to do it. So we'll have to see if this continuation of commercial vessels being seized in the Persian Gulf adds more pressure for some kind of international response.","That's NPR's Peter Kenyon in Istanbul.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The table simply means that Iran is being forced to return to negotiations.","questions":"What does Trump hope to achieve with the return of American sanctions on Iran?","answer":"negotiations"}
{"text":["Well, let's talk about kind of the overview. So the goal of the ACA was to help the 37 million uninsured out there. And, yes, uninsurance rates have gone down dramatically or at historic lows. But I think a lot of things were unforeseen.","And the way some of the regulations were implemented are actually harming rural America and not fulfilling the ultimate goals of the ACA. And what I mean by that is half of those 37 million - the goal was to expand Medicaid and get those folks into a Medicaid program. We know that a lot of states have taken the Supreme Court up on its option of opting out of Medicaid. That has predominantly hurt rural America.","In fact, if you're a rural state, if you're a poor state, more likely than not, you have not expanded Medicaid. So we're seeing millions of folks left behind at that. Our concern is that since the ACA was passed, we've had an escalation of rural hospitals close. We've had 80 rural hospitals close since 2010. If this rate continues, in less than 10 years' time, we're going to have 25 percent of rural hospitals close within less than a decade.","Do you have any concern about the Congress repealing the Affordable Care Act - what's called Obamacare - without a replacement?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implementation of the ACA has not achieved its intended goals, and has instead caused harm to rural America.","questions":"Which group has been predominantly hurt by states opting out of Medicaid?","answer":"Rural"}
{"text":["Right.",". . . not to filibuster. If they do that, then something could pass the Senate in the next couple of days and be ready for the House to take it up on Sunday night. If the House were to then approve it - and that's a huge if, OK?","Yeah.","This is the cliff in the fiscal cliff. Thus far the House hasn't agreed to anything. Last week they wouldn't even agree to a plan from their own speaker that was only going to raise taxes on income above $1 million."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The House is not willing to compromise, even on their own plan.","questions":"What is the reason for the House's reluctance to approve a plan?","answer":"Taxes"}
{"text":["Well, first, they obviously don't enjoy broad support among the population. They do have a core group of support, but if forced to stand in election, they would lose. Which is why they have avoided that, or attempted to manipulate or manufacture the results of elections. Secondly, they are dependent, for their long-term viability, on their relationship with the Venezuelan armed forces, which is what the Trump administration and others have focused on at this point.","When you talk about the dependence on the armed forces, I'm reminded of that old saying, that one definition of the government is they have a monopoly on the use of force.","Correct.","When all else fails, they have that.","Correct."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The government's reliance on armed forces is a defining characteristic of their power.","questions":"What is the defining characteristic of the government's power?","answer":"reliance"}
{"text":["Right.","It was just incredible. So our video this week is kind of the back story, the making of his Lego shuttle video, which has gotten tons of hits in the last. I mean, you know, which is the best. . .","It's a camera on - it's a Lego guy with a camera on a weather balloon, right?","Right. So they take this huge helium balloon, you know, a big, rubber weather balloon, fill it with helium, and then it goes up 115,000 feet. It takes two and a half hours to go up, and then, you know, it's shorter on the way down but. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) \"Right.\" This turn does not convey any literal meaning, but it serves as a signal that the listener is following the speaker's train of thought and agrees with what has been said. It is a type of backchanneling, which is a signal that the listener is actively listening and engaged in the conversation.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's statement in turn 0?","answer":"Right"}
{"text":["Well, it definitely leaves him - I'd say in the immediate sense, it leaves him with a very tarnished reputation. I mean, this is somebody who appeared on the scene in 2015, taking up one file after another, everything from military to economy to oil policy. I mean, he's really collected everything.","He had charmed a lot of people in the United States as somebody who was finally going to change this kingdom from its strict Islamic way of doing things. And this has really taken a lot of the shine off. I think a lot of people have really sort of wondered, you know, is this somebody who's actually - has good enough judgment to wield the kind of power that he's wielding inside this incredibly important country in the Middle East?","Yeah. Well, looking at that, I mean, we are seeing increasingly strident rhetoric coming from Washington on the war in Yemen. The crown prince is very, very involved in that war. What's going on?","When his father became king in 2015, he was soon named defense minister, and the war started right after that. So this has been his war from the beginning. And it's really just been a disaster throughout. I mean, at the beginning, he and other Saudi officials were telling their American counterparts this was only going to last a few weeks."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : What people think of him has lessened due to the situation.","questions":"How has the situation affected his reputation?","answer":"Tarnished"}
{"text":["We're coming over the initial shock. It's a very strange situation to live in one of the wealthiest countries in the world. And we have been living in more luxury than almost any other nation on this planet, and now all of a sudden we find ourselves almost like beggars.","You talk about the swift difference between being so wealthy to now being in a totally different place. Is this what everyone - is the average person going through something like this?Or is this just a select few that went from being so wealthy to so not wealthy?","The general public here has been very, very well off. But now people that are starting to lose their jobs - hundreds of people that used to work in the banks have been losing their jobs recently. We know that a lot of companies are going to become bankrupt. We had almost no unemployment in the past years. We've been importing workers from Eastern Europe because we didn't have enough people to work in our companies.","So, how are people coping with this?Are they selling off their belongings?What are they doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Many people are losing their jobs and companies are going bankrupt.","questions":"How are the companies in the country?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Yeah.","I'm also told by White House officials the Secret Service director was not connected to security questions at Mar-a-Lago. It was in the works before the latest security breach there - Chinese woman with a lot of passports and hard drives.","Right.","But - so this is not necessarily directly connected to immigration unlike Nielsen's resignation, which was immigration-related."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"It was in the works before the latest security breach there - Chinese woman with a lot of passports and hard drives.\" Implication: The Secret Service director's departure from Mar-a-Lago was planned before the security breach involving a Chinese woman with multiple passports and hard drives.","questions":"What was the reason for the Secret Service director's departure from Mar-a-Lago?","answer":"Planned"}
{"text":["This appointment would make sense from the standpoint of a president, a new president, Barack Obama, wanting to assert a kind of White House control over the intelligence community. Now, Leon Panetta is not part of the intelligence community. He has had no experience with the intelligence community except as an outside observer, critic, and as one of the authors of a 2006 report on what went wrong with respect to 9\/11 and also with respect to the Iraq weapons of mass destruction intelligence.","So Leon Panetta is not of the CIA. He is coming in as kind of a total outsider but somebody who has very strong confidence among not only the Barack Obama people, but also the Clinton people who are going to be at the Department of State under Hillary Clinton.","There's also word today about a choice for the post of national intelligence director, retired Admiral Dennis Blair. What can you tell us about him?","Dennis Blair has been in the Navy and in the U. S.  government for 34 years. He also worked in the White House during his long Navy career and before he was named by Barack Obama to take over this director of national intelligence job. This will actually be Leon Panetta's boss. He is in charge of the total U. S.  intelligence community, all 16 agencies, CIA, the defense agencies, and so on.","The president elect will need to pick someone else to become commerce secretary. New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson took himself out of the running because of an investigation into how some of his donors won a lucrative contract. How serious a problem is this withdrawal for the Obama transition team?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Leon Panetta has no experience with the intelligence community but was chosen as CIA director for political reasons.","questions":"Which agency is Leon Panetta going to lead as an outsider?","answer":"CIA"}
{"text":["So, you're a beauty journalist living in London, and your life is very cosmopolitan - very British in some ways. You say that this experience made you feel even more British. But it took you 10 years to decide whether or not to really seek out your biological family. Take me through that process that you had of trying to make that decision.","Well, like you said in the introduction, when I was 19, as far as I knew, I didn't have any family. When my family in the U. K.  adopted me from the orphanage in Eritrea, they were told I had no family. My father was dead. My mother was dead. I was, you know, quite literally an orphan.","And so it was only when my father went back to Eritrea in 1993 for the independence celebrations that he visited the orphanage that they got me from. He left a photograph of me there with - there was actually the nun who was in charge of my adoption was still there. She's very so old now, but she was still there.","And he left a photo of me because he thought it would be a nice thing to do. And several months after he returned, we got a letter from somebody who said he was my brother, and basically, it turned out that after my father had left Eritrea, this nun had got in touch with my family, and that's when everything started to unravel."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Family was not lost, but separated by circumstances","questions":"Which word describes the separation of the family in turn 3?","answer":"Separation"}
{"text":["Well, look, I like the fact that we've eliminated pre-existing conditions. I think that's really important. But Ronald Reagan expanded Medicaid a number of times and he didn't need Obamacare, OK?And my feeling about Medicaid is we've been able to manage this program. And by bringing Ohio money back to Ohio to treat the mentally ill, the drug addicted and the working poor, it's not - we're not only ahead on an arithmetic basis, but we think it's the right issue in terms of giving people a chance and an ability to be lifted.","Biographical question - did you ever consider becoming a priest?","Well, when I was a kid, really early in my life, you know, all Catholic altar boys I think at one time or another thought about being a priest. But then that just wasn't in the cards for me.","But I gather religion is an important factor in your life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  Implies a personal question about the speaker's past, not just a factual question about whether or not they considered becoming a priest.","questions":"Which type of question does turn 1 imply?","answer":"Personal"}
{"text":["What seems to be happening is that the numbers stay about the same, but that the types of people who are killed are actually, you know, have avalanche experience, are expert skiers who have taken avalanche training. There was this case of a woman, Olivia Buchanan, who died on Tuesday around Silverton, Colorado. And she had, you know, avalanche level-two training, was actually studying snow science at Montana State University.","So snow safety experts are now focusing more than ever on what are called human factors rather than trying to, you know, teach people how to analyze the snow to say whether the snow stability is good. So these are questions like, you know, are you being lured into a trap by groupthink?Do you want to impress your friends?And more often than not in an avalanche fatality, several of these factors are going to be present.","Are experienced skiers just pushing themselves more?","Some of it is just in the numbers. You know, there are more people than ever heading out into the backcountry. But the other piece of this is that skiing on tract powder in the backcountry is just like the most intoxicating form of skiing. You know, the images that we see in ski magazines, people flying down these high-alpine slopes. I mean, there's just nothing else like it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), \"Intoxicating form of skiing\" refers to the feeling of being overwhelmed with joy and excitement while skiing in the backcountry, and not being intoxicated with drugs or alcohol.","questions":"How does the term \"intoxicating\" in turn 3 refer to the experience of skiing in the backcountry?","answer":"excitement"}
{"text":["Thanks for allowing me to be on your show.","You didn't have kind words for Donald Trump in that interview, but why did you think Democrats who want to impeach him are misguided?","I've sat through impeachment. I understand that it's not a walk in the park. It takes a supermajority to impeach a president, and it's just not going to happen. And I think that we would be better off focusing on health care, the huge, huge amounts of money in politics that is ruining the body politic, climate change, which is sweeping the world.","So what I think you're saying is you need to - the Democrats have to have another message that isn't solely about removing the president."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Impeachment is not a viable solution and there are other pressing issues to address.","questions":"Which political issue did the speaker prioritize over impeachment in their response?","answer":"Politics"}
{"text":["Well, it's a really interesting response. I mean, she didn't say that she didn't do it. She claimed someone had been hacking her Instagram account, but she was very upset, that she was pregnant and she was seeking legal advice.","Give me a little bit of a sense of how big a story this is in Britain today.","It's the story that everybody needs right now, and it appears that people just can't or won't think of anything else. You've got some of the most serious political journalists in the country joking that maybe we could get Coleen Rooney into No. 10 where the prime minister lives in order to work out who's leaking the Brexit stories that are dominating the front-page headlines. But, honestly, it's just been the respite we've all been hoping for. It's been pouring with rain and sort of doom and gloom in the headlines, and sometimes you just need a little bit of cheer. That's the tea from here.","That is Elizabeth Paton, European style reporter for The New York Times based in London. Elizabeth Paton, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She claimed someone was obtaining illegal access to her Instagram account.","questions":"How did she explain the situation?","answer":"Hacking"}
{"text":["You know, Salvini's popularity soared to almost 40%, thanks to his anti-immigrant policy. He wanted to take advantage of that to become the next government leader. But yesterday he received a stinging rebuke from Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte, who accused him of institutional recklessness that can lead to political uncertainty and financial instability. And one opposition leader accused Salvini of creating a climate of hatred that's led to a sharp rise in racist attacks against people of color.","OK. So tell us a little bit more about Salvini 'cause this guy is clearly freaking out the European Union in many ways.","Absolutely. You know, after his nationalist League Party formed this very unlikely alliance with the anti-establishment Five Stars Movement, which is the biggest party in parliament, Salvini quickly took over the government agenda. Five Stars went along with his tough anti-immigrant measures. They even approved his parliamentary immunity when Salvini was investigated for holding migrants hostage while not allowing them to disembark at an Italian port. And Five Stars never complained about Salvini's savage criticism of the European Union and its regulations, which he describes as a ball and chain on Italy's foot.","Italy's one of the EU's largest economies. Like some other populist-led countries, Salvini pushed his government to challenge the whole idea of European integration. And, you know, Salvini has also raised alarms with his language, which critics say echoes that of the fascist dictator Benito Mussolini.","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : soared in this context means to go up, or increase significantly.","questions":"Which word describes Salvini's popularity in turn 0 of the dialogue?","answer":"Almost"}
{"text":["And Border Patrol agents are making a lot of trips to the hospital with sick children up and down the Southwest border - nearly 70 kids a day since December, they say. But immigration officials say it's just hard to keep up with the sheer numbers here. It's putting a huge strain on resources, and they're asking Congress for billions of additional dollars to deal with it.","In the meantime, what more have you learned in your reporting about the death of Carlos Hernandez Vasquez?","Well, a couple of things. One thing that really stands out is that Carlos Hernandez Vasquez died in a Border Patrol station. The previous migrant children who died were taken to the hospital first; Hernandez Vasquez was not even though immigration authorities clearly knew that he was sick. He was diagnosed with the flu by a nurse practitioner.","On the same day, Customs and Border Protection moved him to a different Border Patrol station where they could separate him from the other migrants to stop the spread of the flu. Even Health and Human Services officials were concerned about how ill he was. This is the agency that's responsible for long-term care of unaccompanied children. And HHS decided that Hernandez Vasquez could not be flown to a shelter in Florida because of his illness. So in retrospect, critics say it's hard to see why they did not take him to the hospital."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There was a failure to provide appropriate medical care for Carlos Hernandez Vasquez.","questions":"Which migrant child did not receive proper medical care?","answer":"Carlos"}
{"text":["Even 43 years ago, the - climate change was an issue. We just didn't know it yet. Among the things that was occurring that has occurred since then has been an amazing improvement in climate science.","There has been - there were very few meteorologists beyond those doing the, you know, the daily weather reports. Climate science was not a big thing because climate had not been changing. I mean, the period since the beginning of agriculture, 11,000 years ago, has been one of rather remarkable climate stability. So the idea of climate change is a relatively recent concept. And then - and the process of human-driven climate change is quite recent historically.","And we look at, oh, I guess, probably the biggest example is looking at the past through either tree rings or ice cores to get an idea of what has happened in previous periods of climactic change.","Yeah. It's - I mean, we look at these indirect indicators to sort of reconstruct earlier periods in the earth's history or in human history. And what we do know is that for the 11,000 years since agriculture began, things have been sort of stable. But now, suddenly, the farmers now on the land are the first generation of farmers to have to cope with climate change. I mean, we've always had to. When I was farming back in the '50s, we had to worry about weather, you know, and how the weather would affect that particular year's crop. If climate change was not on the - on our minds then, we didn't even know that we were we were going to be changing climate as we now are."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The idea of climate change is not new but our understanding of it has improved.","questions":"What has been occurring since 43 years ago?","answer":"Improvement"}
{"text":["I will walk down the red carpet, yes, yes.","Oh, man, that's exciting, huh?Tell us what it was like when you found out, and tell us you found that you had been nominated for Grammy Award, your first.","Well, it's a pretty funny story, because since I'm an indie artist and this is my first foray into the industry, let alone this part of it, I wasn't really expecting anything and I didn't even know when the Grammys were being announced. That's how far off I was. And I was sitting at home in my jammies, actually, watching \"Top Chef. \"I might have been watching even watching it on TV, I don't know, but the phone rang and it was my producer, who also co-writes my songs with me. And he said, um, I think you've been nominated for Grammy. I was like, shut up.","I was, like - I didn't even know I've been submitted. Like, nobody told me that I had been submitted. I just wasn't even thinking about it. So, it was really crazy. It took a couple of hours, actually, for me to believe him. Like, I actually hung up on him."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : When this person says \"shut up\" they are expressing surprise and happiness, not hostility. ","questions":"Which feeling did the person express by saying \"shut up\"?","answer":"Happiness"}
{"text":["And this was a, well, not too far down the road from Berkeley but a little less glamorous.","The school, I think, was, you know, you have moments in your reporting where this sort of weight of what has happened weighs on you. And I think that when that happened to me, it was just on my fourth or fifth visit to the school. And I just looked at the building and just saw how unremarkable it was and just how forgettable it was. I mean, it was - the closest thing to that building in that industrial stretch of Oakland is a Wal-Mart. Actually, some of the employers from Wal-Mart came down and put up a sign of support.","But there is nothing there. And, you know, the insides of the school are in bad conditions, and the idea that this was a university, like, you never ever would have suspected that this was a place of learning. And, you know, across the Bay Area and also across Southern California, there are a lot of these, sort of, for-profit, small, I guess, learning institutions that cater towards immigrants who need a cheaper form of education.","A degree"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : not too far down the road means that it isn't far away from a different location.","questions":"How was the location of the school described by B?","answer":"Not-toofar"}
{"text":["Right.",". . . not to filibuster. If they do that, then something could pass the Senate in the next couple of days and be ready for the House to take it up on Sunday night. If the House were to then approve it - and that's a huge if, OK?","Yeah.","This is the cliff in the fiscal cliff. Thus far the House hasn't agreed to anything. Last week they wouldn't even agree to a plan from their own speaker that was only going to raise taxes on income above $1 million."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The House is not willing to compromise, even on their own plan.","questions":"How is the House responding to their PersonA's plan?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["This is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED from NPR News. I'm Michel Martin. Immigration, both legal and unauthorized, has been a central issue for Donald Trump since he announced his candidacy for president. Last week, he announced his plan for an overhaul to the current system, which emphasizes family ties and employment, moving to a system that would prioritize certain education and employment qualifications.","Overshadowing all of this, however, is the huge backlog of immigration cases already in the system waiting to go before the courts. More than 800,000 cases are waiting to be resolved, according to The New York Times. We wanted to get a sense of how the immigration courts are functioning now and how the new system could affect the courts, so we've called Jeffrey Chase. He is a retired immigration judge in New York. He worked as a staff attorney at the Board of Immigration Appeals. We actually caught up with him at the airport on his way back from a conference on national immigration law, which was held in Austin, Texas.","Mr.  Chase, welcome. Thank you so much for joining us.","Thank you. Yeah, it seems appropriate to be at JFK Airport talking about immigration. So. . ."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker finds it fitting to talk about immigration at JFK Airport due to its connection to travel and border control.","questions":"Which airport did the speaker mention in relation to immigration?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["And I guess the hope of getting to Europe has been extinguished for these people.","The European Union member states have effectively criminalized search and rescue operations on the Mediterranean Sea. And we think that this is a mistake, particularly in the light of how things have changed over last three months. The fact that the Libyan coast guard is taking people back into what is now an active war zone is simply unacceptable.","Elinor Raikes, the Europe and North Africa regional director for the International Rescue Committee, thanks so much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : extinguished implies to become hopeless and not to put out firr","questions":"What was criminalized by the European Union member states?","answer":"Search-and-rescue"}
{"text":["Now, in both the Enron case and the Madoff situation, they're very different in some ways, but they both benefited at least for a time from the fact that a lot of people don't understand finance, and it's very difficult to understand. What do you think people need to do who are not financiers to understand why is it important to even understand the issue of finance, white-collar crime, and all of this?","White-collar crime matters because it affects all of us. Even if you happen to be a blue-collar person, you undoubtedly get affected one way or another - your investments, your company, your suppliers, your neighbors. Everyone gets affected by serious white-collar crime, and the old joke is, right, you walk into a bank with a gun, steal $50,000, they send you away for 10 years. You steal $50 million in some sort of white-collar crime thing, and you get, you know, five minutes and a warning from the judge.","I mean, that's an exaggeration. But that's the kind of thing that for years has annoyed people, including me. And somehow the - because there's been now so much of the stuff has surfaced, and there's such conscientiousness about it and in the case of Madoff largely because he scammed people that members of the media know. So you get really angry when your friends go down. I mean, I don't have any friends who were in there, but a lot of people in my business. . .","Right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : my business, speaker does not an actual business, but means his line or work","questions":"Which word describes the PersonA's line of work?","answer":"occupation"}
{"text":["My pleasure.","Could you just tell us what the weather is like right now?","Well, currently, it's been blue day. I mean, we've had some bands of rain come through from time to time, but it's a nice day. The water is calm. It's clouding up a little bit.","Do you have any guests at the resort at the moment?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The weather is not actually blue, but it's a nice day overall","questions":"How would you describe the weather?","answer":"Rainy."}
{"text":["Diddley first began performing on street corners, and by 1951, he'd lined up a regular spot at the 708 Club. He also took on the name Bo Diddley, which some say is a play on the Southern slang for the term, nothing at all.","In 1955, Diddley found his way into a recording studio and recorded the song \"Bo Diddley. \"That song became a number one hit for Chess records. \"Hey, Bo Diddley\" and \"Who Do You Love?\"followed.","(Singing) I walked 47 miles of barbed wire. I Used a cobra snake for a neck tie. I got a brand new house on the roadside. Made from rattlesnake hide. I got a brand new chimney made on top. Made out of a human skull. Now come on, take a little walk with me Arlene and tell me, who do you love?","Who do you love?Who do you love?Who do you love?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies the days of humble beginning of Bo Diddley in the music industry.","questions":"Which song became a number one hit for Chess records?","answer":"Bo-Diddley"}
{"text":["Well, you know, in my opinion, a geek is somebody who obsesses, and who tinkers and who tries to kind of take apart the world - whether that's, you know, in a literal way by disassembling things or reassembling them or in a figurative way by being a writer or a musician or something like that. And Tesla was sort of the embodiment of that. He was almost like a - sort of like a Steve Wozniak, in a way, in that he was kind of this brilliant workhorse that maybe early on was a bit naive about money. He wasn't really concerned with that. He was just concerned with seeing what he could do to the world and how he could change it.","And didn't quite get the same glory as Edison.","He did not, no. He was - he wasn't great at marketing himself, and he wasn't great at making money. He was brilliant. He was a genius, but he was not a businessman.","What does this site look like, this old lab of his?Are there things lying around like his tools, or a half-eaten bag of chips or something that could be auctioned off?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn: \"didn't quite get the same glory\" Actual meaning: Did not receive the same recognition or fame.","questions":"How did PersonB describe Tesla's fame compared to Edison's?","answer":"Recognition"}
{"text":["You're very welcome.","What made you write this letter?","What I've noticed is that the sidelines has become more venomous. When expletives come across, when parents are yelling you're the worst referee ever because of one bad call that was made - this is outrageous behavior. It's unacceptable on every level.","Is there a particularly egregious incident that sticks in your mind that you could relate to us we might learn from?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"What made you write this letter?\" - Implied meaning: What inspired you to write this letter? ","questions":"Which level is the behavior considered as unacceptable?","answer":"Every"}
{"text":["And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?","Well, so all of this water from upstream that's coming from northeast Oklahoma is heading downstream into Tulsa. They have these aging levees. Many of them were built in the 1940s. The Keystone Dam is releasing huge amounts of water, and that has led to thousands of people being evacuated from their homes in the Tulsa area.","And then if you go down river, as you get closer to Arkansas, some communities, like Braggs and Webbers Falls, have been totally emptied out. One mayor earlier this week told people that if they refuse to evacuate, they should write their identification on their arm.","Wow. I mean, it does sound as though it's just an overwhelmingly awful combination of floods and tornadoes and bad weather. What are people saying as you are out and about interviewing people and, I guess, just talking to your own neighbors?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The situation is so dangerous that people who refuse to evacuate should identify themselves in case of death.","questions":"How should people who refuse to evacuate identify themselves in the dangerous situation described in the dialogue?","answer":"Write"}
{"text":["Yeah, we were on vacation; my family and I were out on the boat, and it was a beautiful, sunny day in the Abacos, in the Bahamas.","This is Erik Nourrie of Florida.","Typical crystal clear, beautiful Bahama waters. And the kids were playing and swimming. And I took my mask and snorkel and spear, and went out to a little channel there to hunt.","Nothing unusual - Erik hunts for dinner often. He spearfishes. And pretty quickly, he spots a good-sized fish darting around."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Nothing unusual - Erik hunts for dinner often. He spearfishes. And pretty quickly, he spots a good-sized fish darting around.\" - The literal meaning is describing Erik spearfishing and catching a fish. The implied meaning could be that the speaker is setting up the conflict or problem in the story, as something unusual or unexpected is about to happen.","questions":"Which activity is Erik often engaged in?","answer":"Spearfishing"}
{"text":["Good to be with you.","This last Republican debate may have been the most contentious, at least between the candidates and the questioners. What do you see as the immediate fallout?","Immediate fallout would be Jeb Bush's problem. He needed a revival, and he wound up looking worse than he had in the first two debates and out on the stump as well. The memorable punches in these debates tend to be counter punches. And Bush went after his one-time protege, Marco Rubio, and Rubio came back smart, fast, tough and got a highlight moment out of it, just one of several for Rubio, by the way.","Now, at the same time, nobody's cast a single vote yet. Jeb Bush is sitting on a lot of money, and, of course, he has a name that's instantly recognizable. Is there really talk that this could be the end of his candidacy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This last Republican debate may have been the most contentious, at least between the candidates and the questioners. What do you see as the immediate fallout?\"  In this turn, the implied meaning is that the Republican debate was highly intense and filled with conflict, especially between the candidates and the questioners. The speaker is asking about the immediate consequences or repercussions of such a heated debate, suggesting that there might be significant outcomes or effects stemming from it. The implied meaning goes beyond a simple description of the debate's level of contention.","questions":"How did Jeb Bush come across in the last debate?","answer":"Worse"}
{"text":["Well, Yelena Grigoryeva was an activist. A few years ago, she came out and said that she was a gay woman and began to defend LGBT rights in St.  Petersburg. And the community of LGBT in St.  Petersburg is quite vibrant. They're victims. Almost all of them are victims of violence. They get attacked during their rallies. They receive horrible, nasty threats. And Yelena Grigoryeva, shortly before her death, received a photograph of a knife. So her friends say it cannot be just a coincidence. . .","Yeah.",". . . That she receives a photograph of a knife and then she gets stabbed to death.","Now, a local news site reports that a suspect has been arrested. What is known about the crime and the man who's been arrested?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : came out implies she revealed publicly that she is gay","questions":"Which community did Yelena Grigoryeva defend in St. Petersburg?","answer":"LGBT"}
{"text":["So there you are standing in the checkout line, that one with a big sign above it that says express, 10 items or less. You notice the basket of the woman in front of you. You silently start tallying. OK, eight or nine items, fine. But wait, she has a six pack under her hand, and under her other arm is a bag of pretzels. And then she's going for that pack of gum. And you're fighting the urge to scream: You had no business in the express line.","If that's you, then John Trinkaus feels your pain. He decided that instead of complaining about it, though, he'd study it. Trinkaus researches not only the express line, but how many people stop at stop signs and the average wait at the doctor's office. My next guest is Marc Abrahams, editor and co-founder of the Annals of Improbable Research, and the founder and master of ceremonies for the Ig Nobel Prize. He'll explain the data details and why it's the simple things that count. He joins us from WBUR in Boston. Hi, Marc.","Hello, Flora.","Tell me - give me some other names of his studies, because they're all really funny."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The woman in front of you has more than 10 items but still stands in the express line, which is irritating.","questions":"Which line was the woman standing in?","answer":"Express"}
{"text":["I saw poofy hot pants. They were like, they were kind of like a poof skirt but done in a hot pants style.","So many regrettable. . .","Regrettable, regrettable fashion sense.","Just unfortunate that you just sort of go, OK, all right. Just X, you know, that X thing they have with Glamour?Yeah, a lot of that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B is describing a pair of shorts that have a poofy appearance, not actual pants made out of hot air.","questions":"What was the appearance of the clothing item that PersonB saw?","answer":"Skirt"}
{"text":["We're coming over the initial shock. It's a very strange situation to live in one of the wealthiest countries in the world. And we have been living in more luxury than almost any other nation on this planet, and now all of a sudden we find ourselves almost like beggars.","You talk about the swift difference between being so wealthy to now being in a totally different place. Is this what everyone - is the average person going through something like this?Or is this just a select few that went from being so wealthy to so not wealthy?","The general public here has been very, very well off. But now people that are starting to lose their jobs - hundreds of people that used to work in the banks have been losing their jobs recently. We know that a lot of companies are going to become bankrupt. We had almost no unemployment in the past years. We've been importing workers from Eastern Europe because we didn't have enough people to work in our companies.","So, how are people coping with this?Are they selling off their belongings?What are they doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is acknowledging the wealth of their country and how they have been living in luxury, but now they feel like beggars due to the sudden change in their circumstances.","questions":"What is the PersonA's current financial situation?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["Where are you right now?","I'm in Columbia, South Carolina.","Now you evacuated on Saturday. Was that because it was mandatory or did you make up your own mind?","I made up my own mind. I figured that at some point it would turn into a mandatory evacuation and I wanted to get ahead of the traffic."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B wants to know if A evacuated because it was mandatory or not.","questions":"What was the reason for PersonA's evacuation?","answer":"traffic"}
{"text":["Now to address this, there are a number of policy proposals on the table. They're called push and pull incentives, which can entice these companies to stay in the antibiotic business. A push incentive might be something where you go to a company that's making billions of dollars and say we'll cut your corporate tax rate if you promise to invest some of those profits into new antibiotics. This is a sure-fire way to get more money into the pipeline. However, many people recoil at the idea of giving a tax break to a multi-billion dollar company.","We started our conversation talking about the patient you referred to as Jackson - a gunshot wound, you had some difficult choices to make with him in terms of treatment. How did it work out for him?","Well, without giving away too much, he does - his story does have a happy ending. But it does not involve antibiotics. And I think that his case is emblematic of the fact that we're increasingly shifting away from the typical model of using antibiotics to treat infections. And there is an array of new treatment options that are coming out - things like bacteriophages and CRISPR-based gene-editing techniques, where we can use a molecular scalpel to modify a strand of nucleic acids to create a new treatment that will cure patients.","But what I want readers to appreciate is how difficult it will be to bring those discoveries into your local hospital based on the current financial model. In many cases, it simply will never happen because the challenges of getting a drug approved by the FDA are so formidable that companies just don't want to go there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Offering tax breaks to billion-dollar companies can entice them to invest in new antibiotics.","questions":"Which companies are the policy proposals trying to entice?","answer":"Companies"}
{"text":["Well, the Central Intelligence Agency was and, you know, theoretically they also were under the control of the mission. But that's - again, and that's why the senior agency thing becomes so muddled, were they or were they not, and also that special operations team, I don't think, was a working for the CIA. I think they were, you know, DOD asset that obviously was operating in support of the mission there on the ground. So who was in-charge remains a question. Obviously, the deputy from his testimony didn't think he had the power to do that, nor was the special operations commander on the ground able to take independent action apparently without going back to D. C.","And. . .","So that really raises some questions that we really ought to get to before the next one of these things pops up.","There was also confusion. Ordinarily there would have been military aircraft - Air Force planes on call on behalf of the - to support operations, if the mission called, but they were too far away."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"raises some questions\" means that there are more questions out there that need to be answered.","questions":"Which statement in the dialogue indicates that there are unresolved issues that need to be addressed?","answer":"Unresolved"}
{"text":["The oldest one, the one I've been studying the longest, is called cosmological natural selection and was in fact the subject of my first book in 1997, \"Life of the Cosmos. \"And in that hypothesis, under that hypothesis, universes reproduce by giving birth to new universes inside of black holes, which is an old idea in the field.","And each time that happens, I presume that the laws of nature or the numbers that characterize them change slightly. And then one has a scenario very akin, very analogous to natural selection. One can derive consequences from it.","So every time there is a black hole, and there are many, many of them in our universe, correct?","An impressively large number of them, at least a million times a million."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The universes don't give birth but they form other universes in some way.","questions":"Which hypothesis involves universes reproducing by giving birth to new universes inside black holes?","answer":"b"}
{"text":["It'll rip the shirt right off of your back one day and the next day it's so beautiful you can hardly stand it.","Gary England, master meteorologist of Oklahoma City. Thanks so much for being with us.","It was my pleasure.","You're listening to WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : right off bck demage our shirt for beautiful at the same time is really implied meaning","questions":"How does the implied meaning of turn 0 describe the weather in Oklahoma City?","answer":"Implied"}
{"text":["Physically in our experiment that took up - we couldn't really measure it in a scientific way, but between you and me, it's like a speck of dust.","All that stuff on a speck of dust.","Yeah.","And how much room would you need to store all the information in the world?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Again a speck of dust is tiny so it implies it is tiny. ","questions":"Which word implies the small size of the speck of dust?","answer":"Tiny"}
{"text":["I've got to ask you a high hard one, as they call it in baseball, Monsignor. Can you understand if a number of faithful Catholics stand up during Mass tomorrow and tell their priest, look; I'm sorry, father, but what moral authority do you or does the church have to tell me anything when it's hurt so many people who loved it and concealed those crimes for decades?","You know, I certainly understand it. That was what Cardinal Cupich said, actually. He said that if the church doesn't get this right, its moral authority is shot. And so why we're having a global summit on an issue that the church says this is in the front burner and we - they don't do global summits on anything. So the church is trying to say, yeah, this is important, and if we don't get this right, it's over.","Are you concerned the church is going to lose its moral authority over this issue or has already lost its moral authority?","Well, I'm sure it has. It has with many people. There's no question about it. And right - and I think the church has a responsibility, say, to clean up its own act before it tells other people how to act. I totally agree with that.","Monsignor Stephen Rossetti of the Catholic University of America, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The church has hurt many people and concealed crimes.","questions":"How did Cardinal Cupich describe the church's moral authority?","answer":"Shot"}
{"text":["Give us a call, our number 1-800-989-8255. You can also tweet us @scifri. Gerald Crabtree is the David Korn Professor of Pathology and Developmental Biology at Stanford School of Medicine. He's also an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Good morning, Ira.","Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?","Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : What evidence do you have for human intelligence decline?","questions":"How does PersonA describe the speed of genetically based decay in intelligence?","answer":"Extremely"}
{"text":["Yes, they were congenial outdoors as they greeted each other with their wives, and they waved for the cameras, and they walked inside. They spent about an hour together in the Oval Office and then nearly a second hour talking in the residence portion of the White House, which, of course, was being shown to both of the Obamas so that they could get some idea of where they might want to locate themselves and put their children, how they might want to redecorate. And while I think this was a ginger conversation between the two of them, I think it was cordial as well, and there was quite a bit to discuss.","Right, well, this is a ritual. It happens every four years or every eight years, but was there any substance at all?","You know, I believe there was. I believe that, going into the discussion, the White House chief of staff currently, Josh Bolton, was saying that the president really did have a number of things he wanted to convey to his successor about how things are going in certain realms, and I think we're talking foreign policy here largely, but also in terms of the economic crisis and the rescue packages.","And he wanted to have a little bit of a discussion to kind of unburden a little bit of his own thoughts on what we ought to be doing on those fronts and, of course, we can assume the president-elect would have responded. That's why it took some time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The meeting was polite but not necessarily friendly.","questions":"What was the atmosphere of the meeting?","answer":"Cordial"}
{"text":["China's been the fastest-growing major economy in the world for decades. That growth is slowing now. Last month's devaluation of China's currency shook global trading markets. And this week, Treasury Secretary Jack Lew said the U. S.  will hold China accountable for exchange rate fluctuations that caused the recent stock market plunge. But the numbers from China's state-controlled economy are always a little suspect. NPR's Frank Langfitt is traveling in western China to see what the real economy looks like outside of Shanghai. Frank, thanks for being with us.","Good morning, Scott.","And tell us where you are and what you're seeing, please.","Well, I'm in this place called Luliang. It's a city of three to four million, very large area, and it's coal country. There are mountains. There are factories. It's kind of a little like China's Appalachia in a way, except a big difference is until recently, the place was really booming. If you went back to 2010, GDP here was 21 percent. It was enormous. Last year, the place went into recession and was down actually 2 percent. And basically, the last couple days I've been driving all over the area, and the economy here is really a mess."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is that the speaker is physically located in Luliang, a city in China's coal country, and is observing the area's economy. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is reporting on the current state of China's economy outside of Shanghai,","questions":"What is the speaker reporting on?","answer":"Luliang"}
{"text":["They do, but they won't help much in this case. There's a type of snail that eats them that unfortunately is also popular in the curio trade, but their numbers were never huge. There's some - actually some very small shrimp that will eat them, but, you know, there's only so much they can do.","When you have these outbreaks, the numbers of starfish are so much that it's beyond what any of their predators can do anything about.","And these are not your run-of-the-mill, see-them-on-the-beach five-legged starfish, are they?","No, no, I mean, they look like monsters. If you wanted to - you know, if you were to blow one of these things up really big, you could use it in a sci-fi movie."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The appearance of the starfish is monstrous, and could be used in a science fiction movie.","questions":"Which word describes the starfish appearance?","answer":"Monstrous"}
{"text":["Correct.","How much money was that?","$175,000 for the coming year.","And specifically, you used that money in what way?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : coming year means the year that is coming up","questions":"What does \"coming year\" refer to?","answer":"Upcoming"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","I was going to go as Robert Siegel, so that'll be perfect.","Esquire magazine's editor at large A. J. Jacobs. Happy Halloween, A. J.","Thank you. Happy Halloween, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Esquire magazine's editor at large A.J. Jacobs. Happy Halloween, A.J. The literal meaning of this turn is that B is greeting A.J. Jacobs, who is the editor at large of Esquire magazine. However, the implied meaning could be that B is dressed up as A.J. Jacobs for Halloween, suggesting that they are celebrating Halloween in a creative way.","questions":"Which magazine?","answer":"Esquire"}
{"text":["Well, we don't have a clear answer on that. That's not something that either side is answering in black and white. But the unusual nature of this information sharing certainly raises that question again with Manafort. And Manafort of course does face the possibility of spending the rest of his life in prison with the conviction in Virginia and then the plea deal in Washington. And the president certainly didn't do anything this week to try to head off talk of a possible pardon.","No, he - in fact, he said that's still on the table. Why should I take it off the table, right?","Exactly. exactly.","And a March 5 sentencing date for Paul Manafort, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Why should I take it off the table, right?\" - The literal meaning is that the president is questioning why he should remove the possibility of a pardon from consideration. The actual meaning could be that the president is still considering a pardon for Manafort.","questions":"How is the president considering a pardon for Manafort?","answer":"implicitly"}
{"text":["Yes, and we looked especially at people who are most likely to think they are lacking in bias, such as the self-described egalitarians, also political liberals. Our sample, being an Internet sample, is not surprising that it was a majority of liberals. And we found that the implicit race attitudes of these liberals and the egalitarians predicted their warmth toward Republican candidates.","So in other words, many white and non-white voters will unconsciously vote against President Obama because of his race, but when asked, they'll give a reason other than race.","That's very likely. This is very hard to tease apart, and our method works by measuring things that you can't really ask people about because they don't know. And we think it's one of a number of factors that play into determining vote. But it's a strong enough factor so that it can actually affect a significant percentage of the vote.","Among Republican candidates, when you polled them, did you see similar racial attitudes towards Herman Cain?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Factors such as implicit race attitudes can significantly affect the vote.","questions":"What can significantly affect the vote?","answer":"Vote"}
{"text":["Yeah, there's quite a few of them. I looked up a couple. There's one that's e-Cycle. com. The EPA also has a pretty good index for, you know, how to find these places. There's another one called ecyclingcentral. com, where you can look up local things. And I also advise people to talk to their, you know, local landfill or, you know, contact your carrier or the maker of your phone, because I truly believe that that's something that they could, you know, do better, is - at least make it easy when you're getting that new phone to drop off the old one so that it gets recycled or reused.","Or maybe, you know, even on the box where the phone comes in, it has a label already stuck on it for sticking it back in the mail.","Yeah. That would be a phenomenal idea.","Yeah. Well, we sometimes come up with an idea."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The phone box should have a label for recycling.","questions":"Which item should have a label for recycling?","answer":"Phone"}
{"text":["Yeah. Marianne really is a kind of civilian commander, (laughter) in all ways, of this group, isn't she?","Yeah. In the preface of the book, we see the resisters originally coming together and starting to think of conspiring. And in the context of that, Marianne offers to be the commander of widows and orphans, should it come to that. And it's sort of an offer she makes somewhat in jest. It doesn't feel real at that time - that it could get to that level. But then in the end, her own words come back to haunt her. And that's what inspires her to bring the other two together and to keep searching for others, as well.","I want to be careful with historical analogies because Nazi Germany is the precedent that people - it seems of all political stripes - cite as the nightmare we want to avoid. But what about readers who see parallels between the 1930s Germany in your book and in history and anything we're living through today.","I think, for me, what I felt was really relevant when I was writing this book was the question of - what did ordinary Germans, the people whose lives sort of touched very peripherally on the darkness experienced during that time - and how did they let this happen?How did they either not see it or blind themselves to it?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a certain word or phrase may have a hidden connotation or subtext that is meant to convey a particular idea or message, such as irony or euphemism.","questions":"Which word used by the speaker in turn 3 may have a hidden connotation or subtext?","answer":"Word"}
{"text":["(Laughter).",". . . Over the last couple weeks being on the road with this. So can I take you with me everywhere I go now, Sacha?","We're glad to hear that. Thank you for that. So you actually start your book with a note to readers. It's about a company that was hiring you to teach leadership. And the man you were talking with told you he wanted to make sure that your presentation was also applicable to men. You had a sassy reply. Would you tell our listeners how you responded to him?","Yeah. I said, good question, but only if you ask that of other male speakers for the women that will be in the audience. You know, and I think that - the reason why I wanted to start the book off with this specific anecdote is because I have to bring light to some of the micro-aggressions or insidious things that men say that women have to take and eat and store away."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's about a company that was hiring you to teach leadership. And the man you were talking with told you he wanted to make sure that your presentation was also applicable to men. You had a sassy reply. Would you tell our listeners how you responded to him?\"","questions":"Which company wanted the speaker to teach leadership?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["As we mentioned, polls show that a strong majority of Republicans do still support the death penalty. You're one of the growing number of those, though, who have called for repealing it. And there has been a move, as we said earlier, in some red states to repeal the death penalty. What do you think accounts for that shift?Is it just about economics?","No, I don't think it's solely economics. But, again, you know, most Republicans are pro-life. And when you start looking at the abortion issue and the life issue, you start to have to ask yourself, am I being consistent when I'm looking at the death penalty?","And, you know, for the longest time, the death penalty from the criminal law standpoint was there only for society's revenge. You know, it doesn't serve the other goals of criminal law. There's no rehabilitation of anybody. There's no study that shows that it helps prevent crime. So we're really kind of in that Old Testament retribution. And I think as we move more and more away from that and then factor in the economics, there's a real reason to get rid of it.","You mentioned, though, religion in politics as well as economics. I'm curious - how do you think about the morality of this question of the death penalty?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : old testament retribution means that some of these laws are very old and outdated","questions":"How does the death penalty relate to Old Testament retribution?","answer":"Retribution"}
{"text":["Well, this is where this gets controversial, is that about half the attorneys general in the United States say they will not feel nearly enough pain. Forbes magazine puts their wealth at around $13 billion, and a lot of that money will not be touched by this deal. There's also no admission of wrongdoing here, David. And that angers a lot of people. And remember, the Sackler family, we've seen over the last year, they really - members of the family played a very forward role in bringing OxyContin, but also other opioid medications, into the mainstream. Two hundred and eighteen thousand Americans have died from this prescription opioid epidemic alone. And so the fact that they're not feeling more personal sting here, that's controversial.","Well, and you mentioned a lot of attorneys general are not satisfied with this result. I mean, does that mean they could really keep this going, this could mean that this is not over at all for the Sacklers?","Yeah. So New York Attorney General Letitia James announced, just on Friday, that the Sackler family had wired about a billion dollars to offshore accounts. She talks about Swiss bank accounts. So they're looking for that money, and they say they'll keep piling suits directly to family members.","Well, and we're talking about Purdue Pharma. They actually didn't - I mean, a fairly small producer of opioids, right?There are other drugmakers out there, distributors, pharmacies. Does this bankruptcy impact all of them in some way?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 'They'll keep piling suits directly to family members' would be written in the literal sense as 'plaintiffs will file several lawsuits against family members directly'","questions":"Which phrase describes the legal action against the Sackler family members?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["So when did it start to go bad?","Well, when they started cutting the shifts back. You know, they had three shifts. And when things started going bad, we started opening at seven o'clock in the morning just to accommodate to the third shift people so that they could come here, have a bite to eat and a drink before they went home.","And then third shift, you know, they did away with that. So then we started - we quit opening up early because of that, and so that really cut back on our business. Then, they got rid of the next shift. They are only one shift. It just like gradually has gotten worse and worse. So now, we're concerned, what about now, when there's going to be nobody.","Was this - I don't know - was this a dream to own your own business, own your own restaurant?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Dream\" is not a literal dream while sleeping, it means something someone always wanted to do. An aspiration.","questions":"What does the word \"dream\" mean in turn 3?","answer":"Aspiration"}
{"text":["And there is a desperate need both for international humanitarian law to be observed in the conduct of the war to protect civilians but also for a move towards political negotiations and a political settlement, because it is now nearly two years since I sat at the United Nations with foreign ministers from the Gulf States who said they wanted a political settlement then. But it is no closer, and the bombing has undoubtedly deepened the divide inside Yemen and made it far harder to bring peace.","And this is the conduct of the war by Saudi Arabia?","The Saudi-led coalition has air power. The Houthis, who are an Iranian-backed rebel group, are on the ground. It's not the job of these humanitarians to take sides in the conflict. We don't take sides in the conflict. What we do is call out the abuse of international humanitarian law on all sides. And the striking thing about the Yemen conflict and the three other countries that are in danger of famine in Africa - in Somalia, in South Sudan that we've talked about, north and northeast Nigeria - these are man-made famine.","Mr.  Miliband, you've been a politician. How do you sustain interest in problems that are very remote from the lives of everyday Americans?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B: \"How do you sustain interest in problems that are very remote from the lives of everyday Americans?\" - This implies that the problems being discussed are not limited to Yemen or other specific countries, but rather can affect people globally, and that Americans should care about them despite their distance.","questions":"Which country is leading the coalition in the conflict in Yemen?","answer":"Saudi"}
{"text":["Correct. These are not embryonic stem cells. These are what we would call neural stem cells. In other words, these are stem cells that come from the nervous system.","And why - and, I guess, you give them a little - they have a little head start knowing they're going to be neurons from being injected.","Exactly. Well, they, you know, they have a head start in knowing at least that they're meant to be living in the nervous system, which means that there's a little bit of built-in safety and stability that may not quite exist in cells. They can become and kind cell to.","And how long are they effective for in the life of the mice they're injected into?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The stem cells have an advantage in developing into neurons.","questions":"How do the stem cells differ from other cells in their ability to develop into neurons?","answer":"Advantage"}
{"text":["Yeah.","You've got the whole thing. You've got all of that.","(Laughter).","What - do you feel like there's some message in your story, perhaps, for other people who feel unloved by this country right now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : you've got the whole thing likely means that they have everything needed to succeed. ","questions":"What does \"you've got the whole thing\" imply?","answer":"Completeness"}
{"text":["Yeah, because, particularly when you're talking about tipped industries, where if somebody has a bad experience and they leave you zero dollars, that's your rent money. You get paid $2. 13 an hour. And particularly on alcohol-fueled public holiday, it gets even a little sketchier because you never know who's going to have, like, a fight with their friends, and nobody remembers the tip. And it's not that you did anything. It's just that drunk people are less frequently reliable as far as social norms.","You wrote a very successful book a couple of years ago, and now you're a professional writer. What are the holidays like for you now?","Oh, man, I do nothing. It's fantastic. I don't think I'm ever going to have the inclination to do a lot of work around the holidays because, to me, luxury is not doing a whole lot of anything. And it's - it's good to see the kids. That's a huge difference. I never saw the kids near the holidays. My youngest is 3. You know, seeing a 3-year-old on Christmas is pretty amazing - and not having to stress about the bills. The holidays were often the worst times of the year because you have so much extra social expectation and spending that needs to be done. You can be cheery and merry if you're not calculating in the back of your head the nickels.","So tonight, when - when people are out to have a good time, they should remember the servers that they deal with this. This is a living for them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) Implies that people who work in the tipped industry suffer financially when they don't receive tips, as the low wages don't cover the costs of their rent.","questions":"How do tipped industry workers suffer financially when they don't receive tips?","answer":"Rent"}
{"text":["It works in both ways. I mean, obviously they're all designed to change and evolve in the ecosystem where they're placed. And sometimes that provides spectacular results. You know, we get sort of pink and purple corals and sponges and all these amazing things growing on them and morphing them. And that only adds to them. They really sort of then become alive. But also you're in this really kind of difficult environment. You're in the sea. So in tropical areas, you get big hurricanes, you get the surges of waves. And so with that in mind, you know, I really have to sort of program them then so they're fixed. And that can be a challenge.","I wonder, is part of the appeal you want to make to people with these installations, you have to work a little to see them?","Yes, I think so. I think you have to make a conscious effort, obviously, to go there. And to most people, the sea is this sort of hidden, concealed world that, you know, when they look at, they just see a blue horizon. Whereas, you know, it's actually a spectacular place underwater. It's this marvelous world that we have on our doorsteps. And I kind of want that - my work to be a kind of portal or an entrance for people to get to know more about the sea. And obviously it's in peril from many different threats at the moment, and I really want to draw attention to that.","Ever run into a giant tuna at the market who says, I like your work?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"a kind of portal or an entrance for people\" - This is a metaphorical usage of \"portal\" and \"entrance\" to refer to the artist's work as a means of introducing people to the beauty and importance of the underwater world.","questions":"How does the artist describe their work?","answer":"Both"}
{"text":["And the damage that has been done and that has been wrought does not appear to be facing any kind of true reconciliation or any kind of true reckoning. There's a lack of justice. There's a lack of accountability. And there's the presence of an incredible amount of impunity.","Well, take me into Syria. What are people feeling there now after these eight long years?","You know, it really depends on where you're situated and how you're situated. And a lot of Syrians are now outside of Syria. I, myself, haven't been back since 2013.","I think people right now are in a place of absolute exhaustion, whether they're, you know, see themselves as amongst the victors or not. It took an incredible toll. And the death and the destruction, as you've noted, is incredible."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He does not go into Syria, just told what is happening there.","questions":"What does PersonA say about their own visit to Syria?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["So things like Hillary Clinton's speeches - the Goldman Sachs speeches - I think those do pass the public interest test. Even given the importance of those few newsworthy items, if you ask me, is the dumping of this much private information and this much internal conversation - the damage this does to our political system - is it worth a few news items if I had a binary choice - all of it or none of it?","I would say we haven't gained that much. But the ideal wouldn't be that binary choice. The ideal would be that such leaks and hacks would go to responsible journalists who would go through this and would identify what is actually in the public interest.","But these - this day and age - wouldn't people say the news organization is concealing information - that they want the chance to look at the original documents and decide for themselves?","I think, in this day and age, we really need to figure out when to hold back. In the past, news was driven by scarcity. There wasn't enough news. And you sent around journalists. And you said, let's find out what's going on."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implication of this turn is that people want to be able to look at the original documents and decide for themselves what is relevant and important, instead of relying on a news organization to make that determination.","questions":"How do people want to make their own determination about the relevance and importance of leaked information?","answer":"Themselves"}
{"text":["OK.","I was interrupting a story, which I hated to do, but I have to do. Go ahead. Go ahead. Please.","OK.  Back to the intrigue. So anyway, the Swedish prime minister told the scientists, you're wrong. It's submarines and he's planning to get up in public and start this big international incident. And the scientists said, go ahead. But if you do that, we're going to get up in public and tell people that, no, it's not submarines, it's herrings and it's herrings' farting. And so the prime minister backed down, never made the announcement. But I'm told by reporters in Sweden, that over the years, he's continued to tell people that it really is and was Russian submarines. And he's now the foreign minister of Sweden. So he's still in a position of power. Kind of interesting, huh?","Yeah. You know, I wonder if you can visually document, you know, the gas release of any of that stuff and come back with. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is telling a story about a Swedish prime minister who believed that the cause of a particular phenomenon was Russian submarines, while the scientists believed it was herrings farting. The story is likely fictional, and the implied meaning is that people in power may ignore scientific evidence and continue to promote their beliefs, even if they are not supported by facts.","questions":"What was the subject of disagreement between the Swedish prime minister and the scientists?","answer":"subject"}
{"text":[". . . Didn't make millions. I know he made a lot - who ran Bernie Sanders' campaign.","Yeah, I think it's a question of, you know, does money tempt you to do things that you might not otherwise do?","Well, you've been there. What do you say?","I like to think that you need to stay grounded, right?You need to stay grounded. You need to say to yourself, am I doing what matters to the country and our future?Or am I just thinking about just pure self-interest, the amount of money that I can amass for myself and my family?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It's important to prioritize the country's future over personal gain.","questions":"Which aspect should one prioritize over self-interest?","answer":"Country"}
{"text":["It's the most remarkable story of evil coming out of Russia that I've seen in a long time. And what it shows is that they're not just messing with the election in the United States or doping in the Olympics. But they've got their tentacles into just about everything everywhere. This is one story that shows that.","I have to ask you, Mr.  Browder, there are plenty of people - and we hear from them - who are skeptical about Russia being seen at the center of so many allegations. And they say the U. S.  and the West are just crawling back into a destructive Cold War mentality. How do you answer that?","Well, I mean, Russia was responsible for shooting down MH17. Russia was responsible for invading Ukraine. Russia is responsible for taking away the chemical weapons in Syria that they didn't take away. Russia was responsible for having honest athletes in the Olympics when they did the whole doping program. I mean, Russia is the one who is making the trouble. Russia is really a sort of a nonentity when it comes to - the economy is the size of the state of New York. Their military budget is 5 percent of the U. S.  military budget. We shouldn't even be thinking about Russia other than the fact that they're sort of putting their nose into every bit of terrible activity all over the world.","Quick question - but it's important to get along, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : got their tentacles implies that Russia is involved and manipulative in many different aspects of foreign affairs","questions":"What does the phrase \"got their tentacles\" imply about Russia's involvement in foreign affairs?","answer":"Involvement"}
{"text":["Yeah, well, when I was a young, little Muppet baby version of myself, you know, I mean - I guess people were right in that I was kind of a punk kid. I was anti-everything. I was anti-capitalist, first of all. I just don't have a lot of respect for profit motive. So as an artist, you know, I had a hard time. You know, when I was living hand to mouth, you know, my first manager - as a teenager, you know - tell people you have tapes for sale. Like, no, no.","(Laughter) You didn't even want to do that.","I just feel like a jerk. I didn't want to. I couldn't do it. I couldn't do it.","What I loved about the book was that I didn't come away with an impression that you suffered from self-doubt. You kind of always knew that it just didn't matter how hard it was, you were just - this was your thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"kind of a punk kid\" - This is a figurative expression meaning that the speaker was rebellious and anti-establishment in their youth.","questions":"What was the first thing that PersonA was anti-?","answer":"Capitalist"}
{"text":["Now, let's talk a little bit about what has changed for you. During that Hayday, what was a typical day in your life like?And then now, as things are much more shaky, what's a typical day in your life like?","I think, in the HayDay, we saw - there was this healthy balance between supply of houses and the demands for houses on our market. And what I did typically see is working with a lot of first-time homebuyers during that period, people getting really great rate in the 4 percent (unintelligible).","And then, you know, in our marketplace, you know, Cleveland's generally really affordable place to buy a home and a good place for people to obtain - homeownership is attainable for a lot of people because here of prices of our homes in our area. You know, today, we see those same people losing their homes, and it's just a few short years later - and I think we can attributed to the products that they were put in; the loan products and the kind of irresponsibility of both the consumer and the mortgage banks. And\u2026","So sorry to interrupt you. When you say loan product, you're talking about some of these subprime loans?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In the given context, the literal meaning of turn (4) is that B is simply asking A to clarify what they mean by \"loan product,\" specifically asking if they are referring to subprime loans. However, the implied meaning of turn (4) is that B may be trying to redirect the conversation away from the topic of subprime loans, which have been associated with the housing market crash, and potentially avoid blame or responsibility for their role in the crisis. This can be inferred from the fact that B interrupts A while they are discussing the role of loan products and the irresponsibility of consumers and mortgage banks.","questions":"What is the topic of conversation that PersonB interrupts PersonA from discussing in turn (2)?","answer":"Subprime"}
{"text":["I guess they don't have to take it now - do they?- come to think of it.","No. No.","Archibald Cox, for whom you work, made a decision to speak directly to the American people back in 1973 before, you know, he was shown the door. Do you hope special counsel Mueller who has been, I think, famously reluctant to reveal anything about his investigation shows his face and makes a statement now?","No, I don't because the thing about Archie Cox is that he had a very clear mandate from the Senate to take the investigation all the way wherever it led and to report the results to the public. And Bob Mueller has the character and the courage and the skill. But he doesn't have that mandate. So he has to do what he likes to do, which is be quiet and bring in a heavy mallet with all the facts."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"shown the door\" is an idiom that means \"to be fired\" or \"to be dismissed.\" It does not have a literal meaning.","questions":"What is the meaning of the idiom \"shown the door\"?","answer":"Fired."}
{"text":[". . . I think, who was - who was poisoned by, we think, we believe, some of his former colleagues. Yes. I think it was partly inspired by that. But it was partly, I think, inspired by the fact that Russia and particularly the Russian intelligence services seemed to be getting more aggressive. And now I'm an outsider, you have to remember, so I have no inside knowledge. But we read that there are just as many Russian intelligence officers in London, in the West in general, as there were during the Cold War. And you have to ask yourself what they're all doing. And that's one of the things I do ask myself when I'm writing fiction.","We have to crack open the story of this week. U. S.  security services this week say they're convinced that it was Russian hackers working for the government who hacked into the files of the Democratic National Committee. And they leaked material to have some palpable effect on the elections. Does that strike you as plausible?","It's plausible. But then there are many people who could have hacked into those files, not only the Russian intelligence service. So you have to remember that, you know, there are many people with that capacity and many reasons for leaking. I very much doubt that it's all as straightforward as it might appear.","I've read that you were the first official from British intelligence to meet with the KGB after the change."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implication of this turn is that the speaker was one of the first British intelligence officers to meet with the KGB after the fall of the Soviet Union.","questions":"How was the speaker involved with the KGB?","answer":"Meet"}
{"text":["I mean, it's pretty scary at the time. It was very intimidating. It just seems like it was completely mental, an attack on a small business for a problem that it's not responsible for.","Well, what do you think of the problem?Because we read that protesters were chanting we want genuinely affordable housing and we want community. I realize it might be hard to keep that separate from the people that smeared stuff on your windows, but how do you feel about that?","I mean, I think that there is problems. There's problems of poverty in the area, and there's bad sides to gentrification, but there's also really great sides to gentrification. What we have done is we have moved into this area - the protests and gentrification in this area. If you wanted to protest gentrification in this area, you probably should've started about 15-20 years ago.","Have you ever had any conversations with any of your critics, your attackers, do you think?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"an attack on a small business\" is a metaphorical expression for a physical attack on the business, as opposed to a verbal attack or criticism.","questions":"What kind of attack did the small business face?","answer":"Physical"}
{"text":["Yeah. And we owe a debt of gratitude, also, to Roger Hangarter of Indiana University, who gave us some other time-lapse of other plant motions. Because I started looking into this, and, you know, even the tulips in your vase are moving around if you speed up time. Their leaves are flopping. He told me this amazing story about sunflowers that I never knew. The reason that they are called that is that they actually orient towards the sun throughout the day. Their leaves do. So they start facing east and then end up facing west.","They have the ultimate solar panels.","That's totally right.","They figured out how to actually how to move with the sun. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Sunflowers figured out how to follow the sun's movement.","questions":"How did sunflowers move throughout the day?","answer":"Follow"}
{"text":["I have many objections. I do want to say, I think whistleblowing is a very important function in democracy. The problem I'm seeing increasingly is that instead of careful curated whistleblowing that takes public interest into account, what we are seeing is these mass-hacked emails just being dumped without any consideration for the privacy of the people.","And there's a lot of personal information that is being exposed. What this does - and this is what scares me - is that this method is going to be used in the future to any political organization - dissident organizations - that are trying to challenge power. And what they're going to end up seeing is that their personal information is going to be dumped for the world.","It looks like the method that started as a way to bring more challenge to secretive elites is actually now evolving into a method that is going to be very destructive to the ecology of dissent.","Professor, I'm sure write dumb emails every day. But I was told a number of years ago by a lawyer - and I'll bet Hillary Clinton and Huma Abedin have been told this by high-price lawyers, too - you never write an email that you wouldn't be willing to see on the front page of The New York Times."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning of this turn is to be aware of the potential consequences of what you write in emails and to be careful with what you say via email.","questions":"What is the main concern of Professor in turn 2?","answer":"Method"}
{"text":["Governor, thank you so much for talking with us.","Oh, you bet.","And we are sorry for the loss. . .","Yeah.",". . . Of this important figure in your life and the lives of many other people. You've referred to Judge Keith as a mentor and even more than a mentor. Tell us a little bit, if you would, about how you came to clerk for him and why he meant so much to you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : It implies that the Governor was once a Clerk for Judge Keith who had probably stood by him before and during the reelection which he lost.","questions":"What was the Governor's relationship with Judge Keith?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Those same streaks are in Europe. We're seeing people who are rebelling against the European Union, the open market, the open borders, who are rebelling against migration and refugees and who have lost out or feel that they have lost out on globalization and trade and are now opposing trade. So the same phenomenon we see here in the United States you also see in Europe. And in that sense, we are having a crisis that really affects Western liberal democracies writ large.","I wonder what you'd say, Mr. Ambassador, to a citizen of Belgium or France who might say now a united Europe is just too bureaucratic and too centralized to protect its population.","Well, I think that is a sentiment you are hearing increasingly in places like Belgium and France that - the problem is that the threat is not just from without but it is also from within. Belgian citizens, people born in Belgium, blew up the metro station and airport, where French citizens born in France who blew up the concert hall and stadium in - last November.","That threat needs to be dealt with not only by the countries themselves but can more effectively be dealt with by the Europeans coming together, sharing intelligence, which is not what they're doing right now, protecting their external borders much better than they have been able to do, rather than each individually trying to deal with this challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"And in that sense, we are having a crisis that really affects Western liberal democracies writ large.\"  The actual meaning implied here is that the crisis being discussed is not limited to a specific country or region but has a broader impact on Western liberal democracies as a whole. It suggests that the crisis is significant and far-reaching.","questions":"Which democracies are affected by the crisis mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Western"}
{"text":["Actually, before, I was charging 155. And since the economy has gotten bad, I don't want to take advantage of people. So, I've just felt to lower my prices to make it better for everyone, and it's 125, and it's an hour session, and I do phone or in-person readings. I'm in New York. So, if anyone is in New York, I can do an in-person reading or over the phone.","And you say you channel. What does that mean?What's your technique?","My technique is, I work with guides on the other side and angels who work through me. So, I never say that the information is from me. It's coming from a higher source. And these things are connected to the person, so they really know the person better than they know themselves. And they know what they need to hear or that they want to hear that is best for them to help their soul to live the life that is best for their soul, basically.","Hmm. With all due respect to you and your profession, couldn't someone just be extremely well informed by reading the newspapers, listening to NPR, for example, and figuring out which way the economic winds are blowing and then make predictions and offer advice based on that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : charging implies money levied for service and not charging battery level ","questions":"What was PersonA charging before lowering the prices?","answer":"155"}
{"text":["So, maybe they're taking a loss on the turkey, but the consumer comes in and buys cranberries, buys potatoes, buys a turkey baster, all of these other things.","Prices for avocados drop right before the Super Bowl, too, when a lot of guacamole gets made. But Valentine's Day bucks that price drop trend. Roses are popular for that holiday, and it turns out that roses are fussier than turkeys, which, after all, can be frozen. In economist-speak, roses are supply inelastic.","They all have to be harvested within a very short period of time. They have to be packed and sorted and shipped around the country.","But turkeys can be thrown into a freezer months ahead of time. So, if you're already thinking about what to get for a special someone next February 14th, here's an idea in economic verse. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are no turns in this conversation.Whose atual meaning are different from their  literal meanings.All of the  return  are being used in straight for word and literal meanings.","questions":"Which turn in the conversation is being used in a straight forward and literal meaning?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["Absolutely. But on the other hand, you know, basically going toward an impeachment process without making sure that we have done our homework and have the case to win the approval of the American people and to get a conviction in the Senate may not be the best course. So right now. . .","But forgive - we just have half a minute left. Forgive - you and I always use baseball analogies. Are you essentially saying we're not going to begin the game until we know we can win it?","I think what I'm saying is we have to make sure that we go down the path where we can actually achieve the intended result. And right now, going into the impeachment process without having done all our homework is not what my constituents want. And I think that it's not necessarily the best course.","Representative Raja Krishnamoorthi of Illinois, thanks so much for being back with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are not going to do the impeachment until they have studied all of the evidence and the laws regarding it.","questions":"Which process are they hesitant to begin?","answer":"impeachment"}
{"text":["Have you had any feelers for a plea bargain from Socrates?","We were open to that discussion. And so, if Mr.  Webb and Mr.  Bob Clifford are listening, we're hoping to cut a deal. And it would disappoint the audience, who paid for a show, but I think we'd be willing to talk about perhaps a deferred prosecution agreement.","In our time, I think the key to Socrates wisdom is taken to be that Socrates said he was not the wisest man in Athens, and of course that just confirmed that he was because he was the only man who was aware of his limitations in ignorance. How do lawyers react to that?","Oh, I think there's a lot to be said for that, in that Socrates asked a lot of questions and gave fewer answers. But I think a lot of what happened in the trial of Socrates was interesting history. For example, the people talk about the death penalty, and I think what they miss at the time was that Athenian law required a jury to pick between the two options. So, if the government asked for death and the defendant asked for something different, they couldn't come up with a third option. And so since Socrates put before the jury his request that he be given free meals for life, they really had little choice. Either pay a man convicted of a crime free meals for life or put him death. And so I think part of what will take place next week is to try to put people back in the perspective of the Athenians, where Socrates gave them little choice and had to vote when it came to the penalty phase."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : none","questions":"Which agreement might PersonA be willing to talk about?","answer":"Deferred"}
{"text":["That's fantastic. As you looked around, though, people might say, don't your teammates get a little jealous?Might they want to take a shot every once in a while?","Yeah. I mean, it was really cool. My shots were falling in the first half, and they kept feeding me the ball. And at half-time, I had 58 points and my teammates were more ecstatic. And they were so happy for me, and they said they were going to keep feeding me the ball. And so I couldn't ask for better teammates, how unselfish and willing they were to continue to give me the ball. And after the game, they were just as happy, if not more happy, than I was that a record was broken.","I wanted to read you a quote. You may have seen it already from Kobe Bryant who said, \"That's crazy, man. I don't care what level you're at. Scoring 138 points is pretty insane. He added, \"he must have been wearing the Mambas. Only the Mambas can have no conscience to shoot the ball that much. \"The Mambas, as you know I'm sure, is the name of Kobe Bryant's shoe.","Yeah. Yeah. Kobe's - he was my favorite player growing up. So to hear him talk about my game was pretty cool.","No conscience though?Is that - that's the scorer's mentality?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Teammates might be jealous that you score too much","questions":"What might people say about the jealousy of the teammates?","answer":"Nothing."}
{"text":["Given what's going on now with credit and with the world, financially speaking, do you still think you made the right choice to go there?","Oh, yeah. It's a rare day that I regret it here; very happy I made the switch. We're optimistic. Brazil goes through cycles like this. Each day's bringing us closer to the next boom.","Brian Willott is a farmer in Bahia, Brazil. Thank you, Brian.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite the current financial situation, A is happy with the decision to switch to Brazil and optimistic about the future.","questions":"How is PersonA feeling about their decision to switch to Brazil?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . What role do you think Congress should be playing now?","Well, we've had this long debate - haven't we?- over the '01 and '02 AUMFs.","You mean the authorizations for use of military force?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : playing refers to as and implies engaged with or undertake ","questions":"How is Congress being referred to in the conversation?","answer":"Congress"}
{"text":["Up the street.","And how many Union?","That's - the good news and the bad news - there were lots of them but most of them on the 11ths were amateurs.","General Ulysses S.  Grant had diverted Union troops from D. C.  to make an assault on Richmond. Meanwhile, the Confederates were headed for D. C. . So, Howell says, the union quickly recruited anyone they could find.","They were government clerks. I mean, if you could imagine, you know, going down and emptying out all the government offices and telling them, grab your musket and come out and fight off professional confederates - that was the situation on the 11th - not very good for the Yankees. But General Grant, down in Richmond, who thought Jubal Early was down there in Richmond. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implies that General Ulysses S. Grant had diverted Union troops from D.C. to make an assault on Richmond and the Confederates were heading for D.C.,Implies that General Ulysses S. Grant had diverted Union troops from D.C. to make an assault on Richmond and the Confederates were heading for D.C.,","questions":"What was the reason for General Ulysses S. Grant's diversion of Union troops from D.C.?","answer":"Assault"}
{"text":["Well, the state of the free world is at stake as always in college football, as you know. I really feel that the one thing about college football that people do gravitate toward - I'm not a huge college football fan myself - but I feel like what it does to people who really care about it is that it really is a winner-take-all type of thing. You kind of have to win every single game. You lose one game and your national title hopes are dashed. So, when you have a big matchup early and you're just getting started, this is a big game. Well, I think it's a bigger game for Michigan and for Alabama, naturally, because Alabama is defending national championship. They'll be there at the end. But if you're Michigan, this is a good chance early on to show what you've got.","I guess things don't look so great for my Boise State Broncos, right?This is a rebuilding year in Boise.","Exactly. And I was thinking that last night when they lost. I said, oh, well, goodness, Boise State lost one game therefore their entire future has been destroyed, and for - at least there's next year, right?","At least there's next year. Howard Bryant, senior writer at ESPN. com and ESPN the Magazine. Howard, thanks so much. Have a good U. S.  Open."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"I said, oh, well, goodness, Boise State lost one game therefore their entire future has been destroyed, and for - at least there's next year, right?\" - The actual meaning of this turn is sarcastic, implying that losing one game does not mean the end of the world or the destruction of Boise State's future, and that there is always another chance next year.","questions":"Which team did PersonA mention as the defending national championship?","answer":"Alabama"}
{"text":["Pretty soon the island will be a donut.","In other words, there'll be land surrounded by a hole filled with water.","Oh (laughter). Is it hard for you to go back to Martha's Vineyard as a visitor?","We went back a year ago, June, for a wedding of a young woman who'd been one of the children who had kind of grown up at our house. And going to that wedding really helped me feel a lot of peace about the island and about no longer having the same purchase on it because I realized that my psychological purchase is as real - maybe not as real as owning a piece of property, but it has a great deal of reality for me. Basically, I think that when the house was being sold, I was just so - I found that summer of 2014, I was in a state of what I call extreme mixed feelings. I felt very sad about losing the house."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 3: Is it hard for you to go back to Martha's Vineyard as a visitor? - This implies that the person is no longer a resident of Martha's Vineyard, and is now visiting as a tourist or guest.","questions":"What event helped \"A\" feel a lot of peace about the island and about no longer having the same purchase on it?","answer":"Going"}
{"text":["It could be. But there is nowhere for the new justices, the Trump justices, Brett Kavanaugh and Neil Gorsuch, to hide. They're going to have to say more than they said at their confirmation hearings, and that's why it's critical. And it is likely that both of them differ from the swing justice of the last 15 years, Anthony Kennedy.","So DACA is another controversial issue. In November, the court's also going to consider whether President Trump can end the DACA program that shields immigrants brought to the United States as children from deportation. It's my understanding that the court isn't going to rule on whether the law itself is legal. So what's the issue here?","The issue is executive power. The issue is to what extent the Trump administration could reverse the executive action taken by Barack Obama and whether the Trump administration followed the correct procedures. So it will be read by the public as a key ruling on a Trump policy. And therefore, it's important.","And so finally, let's turn our focus to the coming week. The court is going to hear three cases related to workplace discrimination on Tuesday. And basically, the question for the court is whether the Civil Rights Act applies to gay and transgender people in the workplace. Is that the crux of the issue?","Correct. And it's a question of statutory construction - whether Title VII, passed decades ago by Congress to apply to discrimination based on sex, should also be read to apply to sexual orientation. This is the first time several of these justices are going to weigh in on gay rights."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The justices can not avoid being questioned and they are different from the justice who sided with both political parties.","questions":"How are the new justices different from the swing justice?","answer":"Different"}
{"text":["Right. Reckitt Benckiser made Suboxone Film. It was actually made by a division of the company called Indivior, which the parent company spun off five years ago. This is an opioid medication that's actually used to treat people recovering from addiction. You take it by dissolving it under your tongue rather than in tablet form. And back in April, Audie, the Justice Department filed criminal charges, claiming this drug was marketed using false claims that it's safer, less prone to abuse than cheaper alternative drugs. The feds said the company earned billions of dollars bilking healthcare providers and insurers, including Medicaid.","The $1. 4 billion - what is the U. S.  government going to do with that money?","Yeah. Well, most of this will go into the federal government's coffers. But interestingly here, $200 million will be divided up between any states that sign onto the settlement - the money going to reimburse their Medicaid budgets.","But if the company doesn't make this drug anymore and now you've got the spin-off company that makes it, why did they agree to this huge payout?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The company may be motivated to pay the settlement to avoid further legal complications.","questions":"How might the company benefit from paying the settlement?","answer":"settlement"}
{"text":["President Obama in Elkhart, Indiana, today says he will create an independent, bipartisan board to oversee spending and to ensure that the money isn't wasted. The high school auditorium in Elkhart was filled to capacity for President Obama's town hall meeting. According to the Elkhart Truth newspaper this morning, the line to get in was longer than a football field. People waited for hours in predawn frigid temperatures. The president chose Elkhart to sell his stimulus plan because it's one of the cities that has suffered the most in this recession. Elkhart's unemployment rate is 17 percent. Earlier, I spoke with the managing editor of the newspaper, Greg Halling.","So, 17 percent unemployment rate; tell us more about how the economy has affected Elkhart.","What you see is, in Elkhart, is just everywhere you look, people who have held jobs, who've been able to take care of their families, basically, their entire lives, for the first time, being forced to go to food pantries just to make sure that they can make ends meet.","So, with a 17 percent unemployment rate in Elkhart, the people must be pretty desperate. How much faith and how much hope are they pinning on the stimulus package?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Obama wants to make sure that money is not spent on things that are not needed.","questions":"What was President Obama's proposal for overseeing spending?","answer":"Independent"}
{"text":["No, that didn't happen until after the article came out.","Really?","Yeah. I didn't get a ton of responses on Craigslist. I think people probably just saw it and thought it was a weird curiosity. And, you know, I didn't want it to be - I'm going, you know, I'm putting on my anthropologist hat and I'm going into black America and I'm going tell you what black America's like, because it really wasn't about that. It was more about - there are lots of different, you know, cultural bubbles that we live in and the Venn diagrams often don't overlap, and for some reason we don't seem to care about that anymore.","Almost every day, I see some newspaper article that has sent some reporter to some place where someone is having a racial moment. You know, whether it's. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : THe person isn't putting on an anthropologist hat. It means the person is thinking. This person is also learning about Black America, nit getting into black America.","questions":"What is the person doing while going into Black America?","answer":"Anthropologist"}
{"text":["When you have to design clothing for patients, what has to be taken into consideration?","We worked with nurses to say OK, which parts of the body do you need to be able to get to?And so we came up with - for women, we have a back-opening dress, which is actually the closest thing to a hospital gown. But you would never guess it. I've worn it in the playground. I've worn it to the supermarket. But it has all that ease of opening in that it opens at the back. And it also has openings down the arms and a very discreet opening to the stomach.","Why is it important to have patients feeling better about the way that they look?","Well, if you feel self-confident - and therefore in charge of your medical treatment - then you are much more likely to want to get up and move around and ultimately recover faster. But there's also a very physical aspect of it, which is if you don't do those things, if you just stay in bed, there's actually a higher risk of infection. And you lose your muscle tone, which makes walking ultimately harder. So your hospital stay becomes longer."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of this statement would be that the speaker is expressing surprise that the listener would not be able to guess that the back-opening dress is similar to a hospital gown. However, in this context, the actual meaning is that the dress is designed to look like a regular dress and not like a typical hospital gown, despite its functional features.","questions":"What is the purpose of the back-opening dress designed for female patients?","answer":"Selfconfident"}
{"text":["Now I'm more self-assured, and - but the thing now, which is funny, is that my kids sort of act the way parents, I think, act for most people, you know, when they're teenagers, that I sneak around dating under the noses of my kids. So when they're asleep in the other room, I can have a date and close the door and, you know, not have them know about it.","Have you ever been busted?","No. That's what I have locks on the doors. I'm very good about that.","One time when we were - you know, when I was engaged after the divorce, and I remember one night, the next morning my son said something like, you know, were you hurt last night?Something about the noises he heard the night before, and that was horrifying."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"I sneak around dating under the noses of my kids.\" - The literal meaning is that the person is secretly dating someone while their kids are around. However, the actual meaning is that the person is dating when their kids are asleep and unaware of it.","questions":"How does the person date while their kids are around?","answer":"Asleep"}
{"text":["OK. So, speaking of the Senate and Senator Obama, he will resign his seat on Sunday. His replacement will be appointed by the governor of Illinois, Rod Blagojevich. Who are the likely candidates, and who's likely to actually be appointed?","Well, the most likely candidate and the person most likely to be appointed is Jesse Jackson Jr. , the congressman from Chicago. But there are a range of candidates, and it's quite interesting because, as you know, the governor is in political hot water himself. His numbers are very low. There's all sorts of talk of investigations and the like.","So, the question is, would he, potentially, maybe appoint somebody who's a close ally in the state legislature?There's the 73-year-old Emil Jones. Then, what about pressure from the Hispanic community?There's Congressman Luis Gutierrez. And there's also talk about Tammy Duckworth - Tammy Duckworth, who runs the Veterans Affairs Department for Illinois, and she is a double amputee and close to Obama. But there are also people who might be potentially opponents for the governor going forward, like the attorney general, Lisa Madigan, or the treasurer. So, there's all these kinds of angles to the game that are very interesting. But it looks at this moment, most likely, that you're going to end up with Jesse Jackson Jr.","OK.  And Juan, what was your best political conversation of this week?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Senator Obama is leaving the Senate to become president","questions":"What position is Jesse Jackson Jr. currently holding?","answer":"Congressman"}
{"text":["My pleasure, Scott.","First, the basics - Secretary Pompeo's attending a meeting about - of about a dozen Asian nations. We know the president likes to negotiate one on one. So what is the multilateral message in Singapore?","So Pompeo was at a meeting of the foreign ministers of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. One of his main messages to them is that the U. S.  is not retreating from the region or turning in on itself. And he underlined this by announcing $300 million in new U. S.  government funding for security cooperation in the region and another roughly $100 million for economic and infrastructure projects. Now, observers were quick to note that that's really not very much money compared to China's investments in the region. And it's also a pretty small commitment compared to the Trans-Pacific Partnership free trade deal, which the Trump administration pulled out of in its early days. The other main message to Asian governments there was to just keep on enforcing those sanctions against North Korea until they give up their nuclear weapons.","The secretary says that Russia's violating U. N.  sanctions regarding North Korea and that Pyongyang is going back in its commitment to denuclearize, which says essentially the - you know, that summit a few weeks ago we hailed did nothing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The U.S. is making a small commitment to security cooperation and infrastructure projects in Southeast Asia, compared to China's investments and the Trans-Pacific Partnership deal that the Trump administration pulled out of. Asian governments were encouraged to continue enforcing sanctions against North Korea.","questions":"Which country's investments in the region were observers quick to note were much higher than the $300 million funding committed by the U.S. for security cooperation and roughly $100 million for economic and infrastructure projects?","answer":"China's"}
{"text":["Yes. There's our only two fans in the room. That's great.","It is great, but surely not the reaction that Slat expected when he first dreamed up his plan to clean the ocean. Here's Slat explaining his original concept the first time we spoke in 2016.","I envisioned an extremely long network of floating barriers. They're like curtains floating in the ocean. And because it's in a V shape, the plastic gets pushed towards the center. And that's the spot where we can efficiently extract it from the seawater and store it before shipping it to land for recycling.","Well, as we know, Slat's idea didn't quite work as planned."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They are long strips of material that cover a wide area.","questions":"How would you describe the shape of the floating barriers that Slat envisioned?","answer":"V-shaped"}
{"text":["He apologized for the messages and essentially blamed the fact that he worked really long days and often used this group chat to - as he said, you know, relieve stress. That did not sit well with people, obviously. He ended up, like you said, having to ask most of his inner circle to step down. But that has not appeased anyone. The outcry and the demands for his resignation have only grown. Not only from his political opponents - also, essentially everyone within his own party here in Puerto Rico has abandoned him. And now there is talk within the legislature of beginning the process of removing him from office if he doesn't step down on his own.","And has he said that he is considering it?Or what is he saying about that possibility?","No, he's basically dug his feet in and has said he is not going to resign. He said he was, you know, elected governor by the people of Puerto Rico, feels like he has a lot of work to do and intends to continue doing it. A big question is obviously how because he has lost the confidence of everyone within his government, and no one really sees him having the capital needed to govern.","That is NPR's Adrian Florido joining us from San Juan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person in question is not willing to resign from his position despite the controversy surrounding him","questions":"Which person is not stepping down from their position?","answer":"Governor"}
{"text":["In a hospital.","Yeah.","Can we ask for the story about that?I mean, you didn't go out of your way to get married in a hospital. I guess in a sense, you did - right?","(Laughter) We had applied to get married in Illinois. We had 60 days. We were never in the same town. My wife showed up, and we had one day left; and she walked in the door from Los Angeles, and I suddenly grabbed my stomach. I said, boy, I'm not feeling well. She said, you're not getting out of it that easy. But we wound up going to the emergency room. I had my gall bladder removed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (Laughter) We had applied to get married in Illinois. We had 60 days. We were never in the same town. My wife showed up, and we had one day left; and she walked in the door from Los Angeles, and I suddenly grabbed my stomach. I said, boy, I'm not feeling well. She said, you're not getting out of it that easy. But we wound up going to the emergency room. I had my gall bladder removed.  In this turn, the implied meaning is that the speaker's sudden stomach pain was a way for them to avoid getting married or to postpone the wedding. The literal meaning would suggest that the speaker's stomach pain was genuine and required medical attention, but the implied meaning suggests that it may have been a ploy to avoid the wedding.","questions":"What was the reason for the PersonA's stomach pain?","answer":"Gallbladder"}
{"text":["Now I'm more self-assured, and - but the thing now, which is funny, is that my kids sort of act the way parents, I think, act for most people, you know, when they're teenagers, that I sneak around dating under the noses of my kids. So when they're asleep in the other room, I can have a date and close the door and, you know, not have them know about it.","Have you ever been busted?","No. That's what I have locks on the doors. I'm very good about that.","One time when we were - you know, when I was engaged after the divorce, and I remember one night, the next morning my son said something like, you know, were you hurt last night?Something about the noises he heard the night before, and that was horrifying."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"I sneak around dating under the noses of my kids.\" - The literal meaning is that the person is secretly dating someone while their kids are around. However, the actual meaning is that the person is dating when their kids are asleep and unaware of it.","questions":"What is the person doing when their kids are asleep?","answer":"Dating"}
{"text":["Well, let's talk about the walk back because we had seen vague reports that China was reneging on something it had agreed to but not a ton of detail. What exactly did China say, ah, we don't want to do?","Well, there's a tactical side to this, and there's something of a cultural side. The tactical side is that China, not unlike the Trump administration, is trying to get the best possible deal that it can to do as little as possible to please Trump. So it's not unusual that they would try to walk back some of their agreements at the last minute.","But the real issue is that they had agreed to make some structural changes - difficult structural changes to the Chinese economy. And this involves things like decreasing subsidies to state-owned enterprises, more guarantees of openness to American companies, protections for intellectual property. They did not like having those promises committed to paper in this 150-page agreement. Those had to be made public. And it looks like a concession to the Chinese people.","OK. So they didn't want to go as far as the Trump administration wanted them to go - at least not in writing."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : China did not want to commit to difficult structural changes in their economy in writing because it would look like a concession to the Chinese people.","questions":"Which side of the issue involves difficult structural changes to the Chinese economy?","answer":"China"}
{"text":["And after a couple of interviews, she got a job there making about the same salary she received at the bank.","Theresa advises everyone looking for work to, as she puts it, network backwards, reach out to former employers. You might get lucky.","Now, here's a guy after my own heart, Mike Parcialli(ph) of Portland, Oregon. He started a cheap, roundtrip shuttle service taking people from the city up to Mt. Hood for a day of skiing.","Now, listeners. Here's what Madeleine likes about this. Mike runs his shuttle van on waste vegetable oil."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : She means to get in touch with people you have known before. The guy is a person that she can like.","questions":"What does Mike run his shuttle van on?","answer":"What"}
{"text":["What do you think - if this decision is permanent, what do you think the U. S.  will miss by not being a member of UNESCO?","Oh, I think the U. S.  will miss a lot. It's a big loss for the United Nations family because we are part of this family. It is a big role for multilateralism. But I believe it is also a loss for the U. S.","Irina Bokova is director general of UNESCO. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you very much for inviting me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is thanking the guest for appearing on the show and expressing appreciation for their insight","questions":"What is the title of the person who is being thanked in turn 2?","answer":"Director"}
{"text":["And what do you say?","Well, very simply - is that these are people who are dying. It's not that they have a choice of not dying. They're - they have to be terminal in order to even be speaking to the doctor about getting an end-of-life medication, and in that case, it's something that we actually need to be more comfortable with dying. The most significant part of this law is that it opens up a conversation.","When a patient says, you know, Doc, I'd really like to have a medication to end my life now, the first question should be why. And that should open up not a conversation about how to get the medication or what the medication is but, what are you needing as you're dying?What's bothering you, or what are your worries, more than anything else?And what can we do to alleviate those things that make you so frightened of death?How do we alleviate it without giving you this medication?","And what we've found in the other states that are already doing this - already in Washington, Vermont and Montana - is that once you open that conversation, most of the time, and in fact the vast majority of the time, the patients don't need the medication. They just need the conversation."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: When a doctor talks with a patient about end-of-life medication, the doctor should ask why and focus on addressing the patient's fear of death and alleviating their worries, rather than just prescribing the medication.","questions":"Which part of the conversation provides insight into the approach that doctors should take when discussing end-of-life medication with patients?","answer":"What"}
{"text":["A lot of destruction, complete devastation - the poultry barns, for example, some of those barns are completely gone. Where the hardest wind gusts hit, it was like Godzilla came and just pulled everything up from the ground. With the banana plantations, you know, you can see when the weakest palm trees fell and broke - when they started feeling the winds because they're leaning one way. And then when the hurricane changed direction, then you see the other one's going to the other side and broken. So you can see the power (laughter) that the hurricane had.","What are we looking at in terms of how quickly they can start working again?","It will depend on the crop. For example, the coffee growers - the arabica bean coffee was being harvested right now. So they're working hard to collect from the ground whatever's left so they can sell it in the market. So we're giving them working capital to be able to pay their payroll, and then we'll start planning for next year's harvesting because it's a one-year crop. On the other end, some of the papaya plantations - growers, they also have bananas and plantains. They have younger trees. So if they cut down the banana trees, in eight, nine months they'll be able to get on their feet.","What does this mean for Puerto Ricans and their access to food?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Some crop growers are able to resume operations sooner than others depending on the crop type.","questions":"Which crop type determines how quickly a grower can resume operations?","answer":"Crop"}
{"text":["Diddley was also known for his signature rectangular guitar. Over his lifetime, he was honored with many, many awards. In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him 20th on their list of 100 most influential artists of all time.","He was admitted to the hospital last May with a stroke and had a heart attack last August. He died today of heart failure at age 79 in his home in Archer, Florida.","(Singing) Now I'm a man, Made 21, You know, baby We can have a lot of fun. I'm a man.","That's our show for today. Thank you for sharing your time with us. To listen to the show or subscribe to our podcast, visit our website, nprnewsandnotes. org. To join the conversation or sign up for our newsletter, visit our blog at nprnewsandviews. org. News & Notes was created by NPR News and the African-American Public Radio Consortium."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B may not be a man and likely didn't just turn 21. B is singing a Bo Diddley song in honor of his death.","questions":"How did PersonB pay tribute to Bo Diddley?","answer":"singing"}
{"text":["And a very talented sister who I think is quite equal to the task of containing Schwarzenegger.","Well, here is my question to you. You talked about the state controller, who - you are very correct - said that he would defy the governor's order and not roll back those salaries. But can he do that?Can he get away with defying the governor in this way?","Well, he has his own constitutional authority, and I think that this may be a case that goes to the California Supreme Court. I mean, if he chooses - now, the challenge will be this. If he chooses not to issue checks on Schwarzenegger's executive order, can checks be issued at all?And that's a constitutional question. I don't know the answer to it. But you have these two key state officials clashing, both of them elected by the people of California. And I fully expect that there will be a compromise before the 1st of September, Tony. Again, I think that the governor is posturing. The governor has always been a fiscal conservative. He is not pleased with the way the budget negotiations are going. So he is making a point.","And he is making it, apparently, on the backs of some of the state workers, it appears."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This statement implies that the governor's actions are negatively impacting some state workers.","questions":"Which workers are being impacted negatively by the governor's actions according to the implied meaning in turn 3?","answer":"State"}
{"text":["It's permissible. It's common. Popular culture has normalized cremation in a way 'cause - not only with the \"Fockers\" movies. There's also \"The Big Lebowski. \"That's famous with the cremated remains in the coffee can. And he goes to scatter them. And they come back in his face. That's based on reality. That happens. And now you can buy urns that are in the shape and with the same pattern as that coffee can if you're a \"Big Lebowski\" fan.","Oh. (Laughter) I'm not that big a fan. But I. . .","(Laughter).","Are there any states or cities where people are getting cremated more than others?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) implies that the speaker is not enthusiastic about the topic","questions":"Which speaker in the dialogue is not a big fan of \"The Big Lebowski?\"","answer":"A"}
{"text":["In fact, he gets a little envious - doesn't he?- of seeing the closeness between the man and the wife as he's giving them the news.","He watches the man cry over her bed. And all he could think is that he, Toby, never wanted a spectacular marriage. He just wanted a regular one, and he feels that he's been deprived of that by the fact that his plan for his life, which - when he got married in his 20s - it just didn't work out.","You wrote an essay, recently. You had a revelation that your parents' divorce might have been the creative spark in writing this novel. How did that happen?","Well, you know, I thought that I was being a good cultural reporter by noticing the friends of mine who were coming to me and telling me that they were getting divorced, had this whole new way of dating, that they - you know, when my mother got divorced in her early 40s, you know, she felt so old. And here they were showing me how much life they had in them left. And I thought I was doing the kind of responsible journalist thing, which is writing about the cultural moment. And, along the way, people would ask me questions. They would say, why are you writing a divorce book?And I thought, well, no. I'm writing a book about marriage. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The parents' divorce might have been what gave the author the inspiration to create a story.","questions":"What event in the author's life inspired their novel?","answer":"Parents'"}
{"text":["And yes, impeachable.","You say, if it's true, what powers does the House have to try to corroborate this claim?","It does have to be corroborated. We can't impeach a president based on, you know, unnamed people speaking to the press, as credible and numerous as these reports may be. So you know, there is an investigation underway already by three House committees into what President Trump may have done with Ukraine. That is going to absolutely heat up in the next couple of weeks. So all I can say is, stay tuned. Fasten your seatbelts. The stakes here are extremely high.","Let me ask you, congressman. There are a number of Democrats and voters who are saying, you know, where is the party's spine in all of this?This is a president who has been, they say, running roughshod over your legislative authority with total impunity. What do you say to that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"stay tuned\" impllies to pay attention. \"fasten your seatbelts\" implies to get ready. ","questions":"Which phrase implies to pay attention and get ready?","answer":"tuned"}
{"text":["When I got toward the end of my research, I tried to contact all the women that I had spoken with and just said, hey, would your husbands be willing to talk?The interesting thing about it was when I spoke to the women, they were all so enthusiastic and passionate. When I talked to their husbands, they were really nice, but they were so clearly disinterested in the topic. It wasn't that they didn't know that their wives are never frustrated with them. It just didn't seem particularly important to them. And I don't mean to imply that they were cold to their wives or indifferent to their wives. It just really didn't register as such a big deal.","Like a fact of life - like, this is just the way things are.","Yes, absolutely. In fact, one of the women that I interviewed said to me, my husband sees we have an issue with this. But he considers it my problem. So he says to me, there's really nothing I can do, and it would be helpful if you weren't so bothered by this.","Wow. Let me ask you this. The amount of child care that men take on was actually rising in the 1980s and '90s. But then we did see it level off. So what happened?It seemed like we were sort of making some progress in this issue."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The word 'Cold' does not literally mean they are cold and chill, it has the implied meaning that they are not in good terms","questions":"Which word in turn 0 has an implied meaning about the husbands' behavior towards their wives?","answer":"Cold"}
{"text":["Iran airstrike - canceled. Raids on immigrants here in the United States without authorization - canceled. President Trump has promised and then gone back on a number of signature actions this past week. And here to illuminate us, as she does almost every week, is NPR's national political correspondent Mara Liasson.","Good morning, Mara.","Good morning, Lulu.","All right, let's start with Iran. That is a very dangerous situation. Where does the president's policy stand after calling off the airstrikes?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She does not light them up but tells them what is going on with everything.","questions":"Which weekly activity does Mara Liasson do?","answer":"contribute"}
{"text":["That's the idea. With the blue ASU, the Army tried to - it was kind of supposed to be a throwback to the Civil War or to the Revolutionary War when soldiers wore navy-blue jackets. But it wasn't and hasn't been very recognizable to the public. Everyone knows what a Marine looks like. You know what a sailor looks like. Officers wear those nice dress whites. But that ASU wasn't as recognizable. And I think part of the idea behind this is that people have seen movies. They recognize what a World War II-era soldier looked like. And so there's a lot of - yes - public admiration for seeing the guy in the olive-drab suit.","And when are they going to make the decision?","There's supposed to be a decision this spring - so within the next few months. I think, though, the last bit of it is the sergeant major and a couple of models that he has who are wearing prototypes have been going around to events, going to Capitol Hill, getting, you know, Congress and the lawmakers to sign off, to give their stamp of approval and then, in the next couple of months, make a final decision about mass-producing it.","Meghann Myers of the Army Times, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The blue ASU uniform is not recognizable to the public and the Army is trying to change that by making it resemble the uniforms from World War II-era that people recognize from movies.","questions":"How was the Army's attempt to make the blue ASU uniform recognizable to the public inspired?","answer":"Inspired"}
{"text":["Hmm. For - yeah, for all of us to take a look at.","Mm-hmm.","What made this an outstanding candidate?Just the story like that, for your. . .","To write about?Well, yeah. The things that I'm always looking for are things that have the quality, as you heard me say a few times, they make people laugh and then think. When you first see them, they're funny. You have almost no choice but to laugh. And then a few days later, you find it still rattling around in your head, and you just want to tell somebody about it. These are the things that really - they're funny mainly because they're so unexpected. There's something about them that you just - at first glance, it's beyond anything you ever had any reason to think about it, just - it's staggering. Maybe later on when you get used to it, it doesn't seem funny anymore, but at first glance. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Funny things that make people think and stick in their mind","questions":"How would you describe the quality of things that the speaker is always looking for?","answer":"Memorable"}
{"text":["So you show pictures of people who play with kittens but also behead human beings?","Absolutely. It's a very strange contrast, but you'll see them behaving in very normal ways. Then you also see them participating in this awful violence.","Social media platforms are private companies. Why don't they just shut them down?","The problem is the companies don't really want to do thought policing. Open displays of violence, threats of violence against other people oftentimes get these accounts thrown off-line. But beyond that, it's very tough because who's to say one person's thoughts or ideas should render them thrown off the platform versus another?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"Which contrast?","answer":"Contrast"}
{"text":["And tomorrow is going to be my female day.","Right.","We are all of that and it's intertwined and I want us to celebrate our intertwining.","Do you think that economists need to dig in deeper into how these intersections of race and gender play out in the workplace?I mean do you think this is something, obviously there are plenty of people who work on it including you. But does it get enough attention and is there enough impetus to really put into place some of the learning that's happened?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A wants to celebrate their shared experiences as women and people of color.","questions":"What does PersonA want to celebrate?","answer":"identity"}
{"text":["And all this happened after midnight on Friday, so most people were sleeping. They were caught off guard and unable to escape. Houses, cars and bridges were washed away. And 17 neighborhoods were partially destroyed. And the town hospital and morgue are overflowing. Among the victims is a policeman who was carried away by rushing water when he tried to save a 12-year-old girl from drowning. And then there's the case of the Mocoa mayor, who is a pastor - he's homeless because rocks and mud came into his house and filled it all the way up to the ceiling.","Sounds like a horrific situation. How has the government responded?","President Juan Manuel Santos flew into Mocoa to inspect the town. He sent in the army. The Red Cross is there. There are emergency workers searching for survivors. But one of the problems is that there's no airport in Mocoa, and the main road into the town's been partially washed out. Half of Putumayo state's without power, and the drinking water supply has been totally destroyed. Now there've been some reports of people looting stores for food and water.","Just briefly - you know, we've heard a lot about flooding and landslides in Latin America recently. Peru's also had massive flooding. Do we know why this is happening?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"Now there've been some reports of people looting stores for food and water.\" - The speaker is indicating that the situation has led to some social disorder and desperation, rather than just reporting the fact that looting has occurred.","questions":"Which situation indicates social disorder and desperation?","answer":"Looting"}
{"text":["Yeah, so when Zazi got picked up in the fall of 2009, he immediately started cooperating. And from then on, for the last 10 years or so, he's cooperated against a number of high-profile trials in the U. S.  - the third in command in al-Qaida, another American and a British operative. He cooperated with law enforcement over 100 times, did interviews there. They described his cooperation as extraordinary, some of the best they've seen in terrorism trials.","Do we know why?","You know, sometimes when these things happen - and I've interviewed a few individuals who've joined al-Qaida and other groups like this - they have an awakening moment when they're looking, sitting across the table from an FBI agent. It becomes very real to them in a way they hadn't seen before. For Zazi's case, he decided that he made a mistake, and he wanted to rectify that.","There are three men who were involved in this plot. Two of them cooperated with the government. But the third guy decided to go to trial rather than plead guilty. He's in prison for life now. I don't want to sound cynical, but it does seem like a change of heart is a good legal strategy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The heart was not changed but the opinions of the person were.","questions":"What was the nature of the change in the person in turn 3?","answer":"shooping"}
{"text":["A clever grounds crew can mean a difference in close games, can't it?","Oh, definitely. Well a grounds crew can tailor the field in very small ways that might impact the outcome of the game. You know, gone are the days of legendary Kansas City groundskeeper George Toma and his ilk - the (unintelligible). They really would tailor the fields in unbelievable ways. They would tilt the foul lines in a certain way so that bunts wouldn't roll foul. They were harden the turf to make it more difficult for players to slide if they didn't want the opposing team to slide.","Nowadays, uniformity is really something that is mandated by Major League Baseball. But there are still small ways. I visited with Trevor Vance, who's the head groundskeeper for the Kansas City Royals. And this was during 2015 - the year they would ultimately win the World Series. And he talked about how he made the infield play very fast - you know, shorter grass - because they had young, athletic infielders. And they felt that that was an advantage for them because they knew that their guys could get to the ball. And the other team probably couldn't.","There's so much joy in your book. But I have to ask, are there bad memories, if not ghosts, at the New Orleans Superdome?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they have personal experience or knowledge related to the topic being discussed, and are subtly trying to convey their expertise without appearing arrogant.","questions":"How did Trevor Vance make the infield play during the 2015 season?","answer":"Fast"}
{"text":["For decades there has been this idea that women were not professional unless they were torturing around in a heel. But I think if you strip all that away and go down to really base level, we've got to admit that, you know, it is - it's patriarchal, and it's misogynistic. It's this idea that women should be sort of slowed down and debilitated.","So I think it's quite tricky. I think, you know, in the paragraph you just read out, I was trying to sort of explore that duality that we get with a lot of these conversations. We have it around, you know, bikini waxes and makeup and a lot of the sort of traditional trappings of femininity, this idea that it can be something we enjoy doing and that we sort of take a pleasure in doing. But it's impossible to know whether we would be doing it if we lived outside a patriarchal society.","So why do you say you suspect that they might be over?","Well, fashion really has led us in a certain direction. So for the last few years, we've seen the rise of the fashion sneaker. We've seen, you know, magazine editors, models, celebrities comfortably kind of bouncing around in sneakers. And suddenly, dress codes have changed. So it's completely acceptable to turn up to quite a smart party wearing a lovely dress with a pair of sneakers on the bottom. This summer we've seen the rise of the ugly sandal as well."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is an idea that women must suffer through the pain of wearing high heeled shoes to be professional.","questions":"How do some perceive professional women wearing high heeled shoes?","answer":"Misogynistic"}
{"text":["Shawn Levy, an accomplished biographer and film critic, joins us now. Shawn, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you.","How does the chateau both fit into and stand above the Hollywood landscape?","Well, physically, it actually stands above the Sunset Strip. It's right on the eastern edge of the strip on a rise, and it's situated at a curve. So if you come toward it from the east - from Hollywood into West Hollywood - it kind of disappears. The road takes you away from it before you quite register it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The chateau doesn't actually disappear, it just is no longer visible at some point.","questions":"What is the physical location of the chateau?","answer":"Eastern"}
{"text":["Oh, you're welcome. Thanks for having me.","And we should explain your district is one of the ones affected by the flooding.","It absolutely is. We know it's not good but the city rallies around itself and does what it needs to do.","Let me ask you about the recall, senator. What do you think happened?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4), when B says \"Let me ask you about the recall, senator. What do you think happened?\" the actual meaning is not just a request for information, but also an implication that the senator may have some responsibility or involvement in the recall.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue implies that the senator may have some responsibility or involvement in the recall?","answer":"3"}
{"text":["Then on top of that, last year, there was this thing called the beast from the east, which was a deep freeze coming across Italy and Greece, and that destroyed a lot of trees. Olive trees are very hardy, but they can't take extreme cold. If it's below 10 degrees Fahrenheit for just a matter of hours, it can kill the tree. So Italian farmers these days are thinking they can't catch a break. This is a confluence of factors, which has led to an overall production of around 185,000 tons this season, which is not very good.","Is it really possible that Italy could run out of olive oil next month?","Well, you know, Italy is not as big, for example, a producer as Spain, you know, and we see a lot of headlines right now that says Italy will be forced to be an olive oil importer. Well, Italy is the largest olive oil importer in the world and always has been, but it has just a limited amount of its own production to go around. So what - I think it's really more a matter of Italy running out of stock, running out of stocks of its own olive oil. And all of the bottling that goes on there and the exporting that goes on in Italy will be using oils from other origins.","We have to ask in this day and age, is climate change affecting the Italian olive oil production industry?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Extreme cold can kill hardy olive trees in just a few hours.","questions":"What factor can cause the death of olive trees in a short time?","answer":"Cold"}
{"text":["Well, I would imagine that if you can survive all that stuff, right, and you can be zapped with radiation, frozen to almost to almost absolute zero, you can dry up or you go into some sort of. . .","It's called the tun phase. They sort of shrivel up, became desiccated, and then they can just survive all of these things, and then be brought back to life.","And they just wait for the right moment to. . .","You just - a drop of water, I think, will do it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is not actually zapped. It has been exposed to radiation.","questions":"How was the organism exposed to harmful radiation?","answer":"radiation"}
{"text":["I think there's also a message to be had in the region. Mr.  Trump in Tokyo, with all the pomp and circumstance, with even the irritations on trade and that mixed signal in North Korea - it was clear that this is an alliance that was vibrant, that was coherent and that was still being deeply supported by both countries. That's the message Mr.  Abe wants to send to Pyongyang and certainly the message he wants to send to Beijing.","That pomp and circumstance extended to the appearance of Trump 2020 campaign banners. They were visible as the president was making his way through Japan's streets. Another of the events that he attended was this sumo tournament. Why is Prime Minister Abe so intent on courting President Trump?","Well, you know, you - the backdrop here, too, is the Japanese people are not as critical of President Trump as many of the citizens of our other allies in Europe, for example. The president and the prime minister do have a reasonably strong working relationship. The Japanese diplomats pointed out before the visit that they've spoken or met 42 times since the president came into office.","Forty-two times, wow.","An unprecedented amount of contact. So I think there's still this sense that this is a good partnership and that Mr.  Abe can make it work."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mr. Abe is trying to please President Trump by showing him a good time in Japan","questions":"Which world leader is mentioned in turn 1?","answer":"Abe"}
{"text":["I know as far as me in the glamour I always go back to self-responsibility. It really does have to start with the person. They have to make a choice to want to get educated about HIV, and learn about it. And I really think that people should realize that it's a 100 percent - 100 percent preventable disease. It's a disease you don't have to get. It is something you have to acquire. So, I really want people, you know, to get that in their head. Like, quit blaming, you know, the media, or rap videos, or you know, school systems. It really has to start with you.","If you had to describe in one word what keeps you going when you're down, what would it be?","Life. You know, just me. I'm my own motivation, I'm my own role model, you know, I love me, and I'm very happy, you know, that HIV presented itself in my life. You know, a lot of people would regret it or whatever, but it really taught me self-love, self-acceptance, and self-responsibility. And that's the best thing I could possibly ask for.","Well, Marvelyn, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Living with HIV has taught me to love and accept myself, and I am grateful for the experience.","questions":"What did living with HIV teach Marvelyn?","answer":"Self-acceptance"}
{"text":["Given what's going on now with credit and with the world, financially speaking, do you still think you made the right choice to go there?","Oh, yeah. It's a rare day that I regret it here; very happy I made the switch. We're optimistic. Brazil goes through cycles like this. Each day's bringing us closer to the next boom.","Brian Willott is a farmer in Bahia, Brazil. Thank you, Brian.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite the current financial situation, A is happy with the decision to switch to Brazil and optimistic about the future.","questions":"Which country is PersonA happy with switching to?","answer":"Brazil"}
{"text":["I mean, now in hindsight, I don't think there's any doubt that Putin used phony cease-fire talks as a sort of clever way to allow Moscow to keep one hand in diplomacy and to calibrate it but also to keep its feet on the Syrian battlefield in defense of Assad.","Is it worthwhile to make another attempt to talk to Russia?","You know, I think Mr.  Putin is most comfortable, frankly, when he has a diplomatic process going and a military process on the ground. He fashions himself not simply a combatant but a broker and a mediator and a great power. It is high time that the United States remove right now this sort of Potemkin Village fraud in which Mr.  Putin seems to have the best of both worlds. Pull it away, keep the focus on Vladimir Putin as aggressor, tar him with the responsibility and the Assads for the humanitarian catastrophe and don't give him the legitimacy to argue that in fact he can play both on the battlefield and in the diplomatic corridors of Geneva and New York.","There have been reports again that the administration's considering applying more U. S.  military power in the region. How do you feel about that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"tar him with the responsibility\": This phrase is being used metaphorically to mean to assign blame or responsibility to Putin, rather than literally tarring him with something.","questions":"How should Putin be tarred according to turn 2?","answer":"Responsibility"}
{"text":["But they just talk. They don't really do anything, and they make appeals, and people are fed up with it, so people don't really pay much attention to the Arab League meetings anymore, even if they meet at the summit level. But it's a sign that the leaders are aware that their people are angry and concerned.","And the fact is that Hamas, like Hezbollah in Lebanon, is an Islamist group that is actively fighting back against Israel, and they're the only people who seem to do this, and popular opinion in the Arab world is very much with them. Not everybody is with them. Some people criticize them, but most people line up, support Hamas in terms of just fighting back against Israel, protecting Palestinians. So there is great tension within the Arab world itself over the situation.","The Arab League is meeting today in Cairo. Do you think it will be as you say, all talk?Or will any action come out of that meeting?","Well, there probably will be some symbolic action. They'll probably send a delegation to the UN Security Council. They'll do something like that. They will ask for possibly a meeting of the Arab summit at the head of state level. But again, it will be more talk, more talk than action, more rhetoric. The facts on the ground won't change very much because of what the Arab leaders are doing, unfortunately.","There is a bit of a perception that Iran's influence is growing in that region. How do you think Arab leaders are responding to that?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Arab League meetings will not lead to significant action.","questions":"What will be the nature of the action taken at the Arab League meetings?","answer":"Symbolic"}
{"text":["And the president said today that he wants even more tariffs on China. Would it be fair to assume that China might retaliate, and, if so, how?","Yeah. I mean, the president has ordered his staff to draw up paperwork to put tariffs on, you know, another $300 billion in imports, which would mean there would be there tariffs on just about everything China sells to the U. S.  - I mean, clothes, furniture, food products, machinery, you know, intermediate goods that go into manufacturing. And China has said it will retaliate with tariffs of its own. So this would reach really far into the economies of both countries. Just about everything brought into the United States would have this extra cost tacked onto it. These - you know, these are the two largest economies in the world, so this will be a huge deal, both for these countries and for the global economy.","So what do we think will happen if they can't resolve their differences?","You know, who knows?There are some big issues on the table right now. We really can't gloss over them. At the same time, there is a certain amount of posturing going on. You know, President Trump considers himself, you know, a dealmaker. So you have to ask how much of this is just a kind of a negotiating ploy, just posturing. Because both countries are - at the same time they're saying all this, they're also saying the talks will continue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : several big issues are being discussed and negotiated at the same time","questions":"How many issues are being discussed and negotiated at the same time?","answer":"Several"}
{"text":["You've also written a book about geoengineering as a way to deal with climate change here on Earth. Do you think people should try and terraform Mars so we can live there?I mean, that is clearly something that has been floating around for a while.","I think it's impossible to think about Mars without thinking about this because, you know, the great myth of Mars is a myth of geoengineering. The great myth of Mars is that Mars was once alive and slowly dried out and that the Martians tried to do something about it. So, you know, the idea that the Martians have an environmental problem and want to solve it is fundamental to how the 20th century thought about Mars. And it's been kind of fundamental to how we imagine the future of Mars. It's very hard to imagine a human future on Mars as it is, but one thing that matters a great deal is - although I think that it's quite unlikely that there's any extant life on Mars, that's something you really want to have a very good handle on before you even start thinking about terraforming it.","Oliver Morton is the author of \"Mapping Mars: Science, Imagination And The Birth Of A World. \"And he's an editor at The Economist. Thank you so much for speaking with us.","It was a pleasure, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Terraforming Mars as a way to deal with climate change is well-known","questions":"Which topic did PersonA mention as fundamental to how the 20th century thought about Mars?","answer":"Environmental"}
{"text":["Hey, Lulu.","So, Gene, let's start by looking at the money involved in big-time college sports. You looked specifically at the Power Five.","Yup, the Power Five conferences - the SEC, the Big Ten, the Big 12, the Pac-12, and the ACC. They win all the trophies, and they make all the money. According to ESPN, in 2015, they made $6 billion.","Six billion?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Power Five conferences win all the trophies and make a lot of money.","questions":"Which conferences make all the money?","answer":"Five"}
{"text":["There is a level of acceptance for some. So one young woman I met joined the all-women's force after being brutalized by her husband, who was part of ISIS. On the other hand, the women who were foreigners and even the real hardcore last holdouts in the fight against ISIS who are in this town of Baghuz, which had basically an apocalyptic end. They ran out of food. They ran out of water.","And what you see now from the women who were part of that is that all of the crimes of ISIS - you know, enslaving girls, raping women, beheading people on the streets, the hangings - that was not enough really to make them lose confidence in the head of ISIS. But the fact that children whose families belong to ISIS starved to death while leaders had food, that is what's making people very disappointed, very disillusioned, especially the women I've talked to.","Are there people who still support the caliphate despite all that they went through?","Absolutely there are. And in fact, one woman from Egypt I met has four daughters. She was talking about how all they want is to go home, to go back to Egypt, to go back to the parks, to go see relatives. And she said to me, you know, I don't believe in Baghdadi. But I still believe in the caliphate."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : ISIS crimes did not make some women lose confidence","questions":"What specifically disappointed some women and made them disillusioned with the head of ISIS?","answer":"Starvation"}
{"text":["He had a very utopian view of how computers would change work, but he had also a kind of warning. He had a very utopian view of how computers would change work, but he had also a kind of warning.","That's computer scientist Eugene Fiume of Simon Fraser University. That's computer scientist Eugene Fiume of Simon Fraser University. Fiume says that despite his concern about the need for rapid re-education, Asimov was an optimist in his predictions. Fiume says that despite his concern about the need for rapid re-education, Asimov was an optimist in his predictions.","What he predicted was that computers themselves would allow people to become researchers and scientists and artists - this idea of replacing that low-level intellectual work and allowing people to improve themselves by looking at higher level intellectual work. What he predicted was that computers themselves would allow people to become researchers and scientists and artists - this idea of replacing that low-level intellectual work and allowing people to improve themselves by looking at higher level intellectual work.","It's hard to say how many laid-off factory workers have moved on to pick up paintbrushes, but Fiume says that Asimov's 1983 essay envisions how, left to their own devices. . . It's hard to say how many laid-off factory workers have moved on to pick up paintbrushes, but Fiume says that Asimov's 1983 essay envisions how, left to their own devices. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Computers can replace low-level intellectual work and allow for self-improvement.","questions":"What did Asimov predict about the role of computers in improving intellectual work?","answer":"Improve"}
{"text":["Well, as you might imagine, there are a variety of courses of action that the Department of Defense, specifically the commanders in Central Command, have provided to the president and the National Security staff. And they will take a look at those and put those in context vis-a-vis the diplomatic and political actions that are also occurring as this is going on and determine one or another. And they run the entire gamut from, you know, a non-lethal response to more lethal actions. . .","To forceful military response, right.","Yeah, taking out the service to air missile systems that are in the vicinity. Some of. . .","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There are multiple options for military action, and the president will choose one after considering diplomatic and political actions.","questions":"Which action will the president choose?","answer":"another"}
{"text":["Jon Foley, director of the Institute on the Environment at the University of Minnesota. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And this email from Mark in Burnsville, Minnesota: Is there a middle ground?Either you believe in evidence-based science or you don't. Some people seem unwilling or unable to accept facts that confront their belief systems and would rather live in a world that matches their internal security beliefs than deal with reality.","And I don't think, Jon Foley, you disagree with him on the science, but you disagree with him on the approach.","Well, I absolutely agree with him on evidence-based reality. I absolutely cannot - we - and never should have concede that. I'm a scientist, and I absolutely support the, you know, evidence-based view. That is one place where I will not back down on an issue at all. But I think it's really more of what we do about it and how we frame these conversations. So, you know, I will always stand by the idea that, yes, climate is changing. We are the cause of this. That is what the science is saying. That is absolutely true. We're not backing down from that at all."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Some people prioritize their internal beliefs over scientific facts","questions":"What is one place where the scientist will not back down on an issue?","answer":"Evidence-based"}
{"text":["One option for mothers who feel they aren't able to properly raise a child is to surrender their infants anonymously. So-called safe-haven laws let moms give up their children at local hospitals, police and fire stations without legal consequence. They're intended as a way to save babies from grim fates. Pete Pircsh is a state senator in Nebraska.","2004, a 2-day-old infant was abandoned in a canal near the Elkhorn River in Norfolk. The baby had been dead for about two days at the time it was discovered. In 2007, a woman found a baby boy abandoned in a tote bag between a trash bin and a discarded TV, and there are other incidents like that.","This summer, Nebraska became the last state in the nation to pass a safe-haven law, and theirs is a bit different. Pirsch wrote an amendment to the bill that says children as old as 19 can be left at safe havens. Most states only allow parents to drop off their children if they're less than a year old.","If they're on the point where they, out of frustration or anger, may actually injure the child, then this is a vastly superior system to set up because it will take the child from that position of danger and place him into a safe environment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Safe-haven laws are a way to save infants from being abandoned or killed.","questions":"How are safe-haven laws intended?","answer":"Save"}
{"text":["Yeah. He's a very open-minded and sweet kind of guy. He actually genuinely cares about the kids that he helped create. And he doesn't feel too detached to call us, like, his offspring. But he doesn't feel attached to call us his kids. So he calls us his ducklings.","(Laughter) Do you like that?","I love it.","And did he know that he had so many offspring when you first encountered him?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Open minded means to be ready to consider all options and ideas. Ducklings is because ducks have large numbers of children and so does he.","questions":"Which animal is associated with the term used by the man to refer to his children?","answer":"Ducks"}
{"text":["I hate to see it fade out.","Yeah, me too.","There's another story that really sounds like it has to be made up, about the driver who brought a hotshot guitarist from Macon, Georgia to Stax for a session.","Yeah. The driver kept bugging the musicians in the studio to give him a chance. And someone had promised him, OK, buddy, you know, chill out for a second. You'll get your chance. When nothing happened with the big talent, people had already started packing up their cars when they remembered, oh yeah, we got to let this guy try."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) B is implying that something valuable is coming to an end, beyond just a literal fade out.","questions":"How does PersonB feel about what is fading out?","answer":"Regret"}
{"text":["Thanks for allowing me to be on your show.","You didn't have kind words for Donald Trump in that interview, but why did you think Democrats who want to impeach him are misguided?","I've sat through impeachment. I understand that it's not a walk in the park. It takes a supermajority to impeach a president, and it's just not going to happen. And I think that we would be better off focusing on health care, the huge, huge amounts of money in politics that is ruining the body politic, climate change, which is sweeping the world.","So what I think you're saying is you need to - the Democrats have to have another message that isn't solely about removing the president."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Democrats wanting to impeach Trump is not a good idea and they should focus on other issues.","questions":"Which issue does PersonA believe Democrats should focus on instead of impeaching Trump?","answer":"Healthcare"}
{"text":["You know, it was actually that friends started hearing we were doing this and said, well, have you thought about sharing them?So, about a year ago, I rounded up 10 or 12 people in town, and I said, OK, I'm going to mail you, I'm going to email you a math problem every night. Try it with your kids and tell me what happens. And within days, people were telling me that their kids were starting to bug them for the math problem every night.","Mm-hmm. Give me a sample of a math problem. Give us a math problem sample.","Sure. So, a couple of days ago, we did one on animals that have eight legs. And, you know, how do you walk when you have eight feet without tripping over yourself?So I actually watched a video of a crab walking to see how they do this. There's also a spider video out there. I couldn't bring myself to watch that. That was going to give me nightmares. But I watched the crab one, and there's a pattern.","The four feet on one side go one, three, two, four, and the ones on the other side do the same thing, alternating. So if the pattern is one, five, three, seven, two, six, four eight, and then you do one, five, three again, which leg takes the next step?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Their kids starting asking them repeatedly for math problems every night.","questions":"What were the kids doing after receiving the math problems every night?","answer":"Solving"}
{"text":[". . . They make you very proud.","What can you tell us about Paola Zambrano and Mark Gorman?","Both of these kids were awesome young people. Paola - Paola, you know, died when she was going to be a junior, so she finished two years of high school. And, you know, during her freshman year, she was diagnosed with colon cancer. And we knew it was a serious situation. And we, you know, quite frankly didn't think that she'd be - you know, continue down that road of going to high school because we knew it was terminal.","And, you know, to her credit, she decided she was going to keep coming every day, had great attendance, went through her chemos and her therapies and was a model student for her family and for herself. She was very - a very proud young lady. And she had hopes and dreams beyond high school that unfortunately she was never. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Although the speaker uses the phrase \"went through her chemos and her therapies\" in a literal sense, the actual meaning is that Paola underwent cancer treatment, which included chemotherapy and other therapies.","questions":"Which medical procedures did Paola undergo?","answer":"Therapies"}
{"text":["Now, what about the bloggers who are, you know, in our camp. What story are they hitting?","Well, in the Democratic side, among bloggers, the Web site Blogpolls, which measure these trends, posted about Hillary Clinton outnumbered blog post about Barack Obama, leading up to last weekend, South Carolina primary. And interestingly, on January 24th, two days before the voting started in South Carolina, posts about Bill Clinton spiked and they equal the numbers of posts about Barack Obama. But after he won in South Carolina, post about Obama spiked and he's been the most blogged about candidate ever since. Now, on the Republican side, John McCain has been and is the most blogged about candidate.","What about on News and Views, our own blog?","Well, lot of issues people are talking about. They run the spectrum. They're talking about Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick's text message scandal, suggesting an affair with his female chief of staff, which could lead to perjury charges. We called it textual healing on our blog."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: Well, a lot of issues people are talking about. They run the spectrum. They're talking about Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick's text message scandal, suggesting an affair with his female chief of staff, which could lead to perjury charges. We called it textual healing on our blog. The actual meaning: They are discussing various topics or subjects, including the scandal involving Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick. Literal meaning: They are physically running across a spectrum, discussing the scandal involving Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick.","questions":"What is the name of the scandal that is being discussed on News and Views?","answer":"Text"}
{"text":["And she had been through family illnesses and the death of her husband and all these things. But she said that the comment, the Don Imus comment about \"nappy-headed hoes,\" referring to her team at Rutgers, was the toughest thing she'd been through. How did you feel when that statement was made and hit the news?","I felt saddened again. I felt like, wow, are you serious?Like, here we are in 2007 and once again, I don't know if at times, we - and I say we, I don't know if black people or just we Californians or we some people - just feel like, wow, we've really passed that point. Like it doesn't really exist, or you don't experience it so much, that I guess when we do experience it, you're just like, you feel like you have to take another step back.","What do you see coming up?You've done modeling, been to the Olympics, you know, obviously you're a wife and mother. What do you see coming up for you?","I have the Lisa Leslie Basketball Academy, which is great because I never wanted to lend my name without being able to give back to the youth myself. And this is a place where the kids can come out and play. And they will be able to learn and go through drills. And I also have a camp. Also I see me doing public speaking. I really think that our youth needs to hear positive stories like mine, and just see that it doesn't matter what your situation is at home."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Don Imus comment caused emotional pain to the coach and her team","questions":"How did the Don Imus comment affect the coach and her team emotionally?","answer":"Saddened"}
{"text":["Yeah. It's interesting. In Japan, it's the same prime minister that was in place six years ago, but the political environment, I think, has shifted in some dramatic ways. And so I think one of the interesting aspects of the Japanese situation is that the LDP has returned to power. The Liberal Democratic Party has returned to power. But now they have a party that is to the right of them.","And so we talk about those two states. And, of course, the other major player, the biggest in the region, China, where Xi Jinping took command just last month, formally.","That's right. I think we're still waiting to see how China's foreign policy priorities are really going to develop under Xi. The process seems to be moving slowly, and it's not necessarily terribly transparent at this point. We know there are new top leaders in the room, but it's just not clear exactly how they're making decisions or whether they're going to change much in terms of China's overall priorities.","And transparency's a problem in Beijing. It's positively - well, murky is too easy a word for what's going on in Pyongyang."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The situation in Pyongyang is extremely unclear and difficult to understand","questions":"What is the situation like in Pyongyang?","answer":"Unclear"}
{"text":["Yesterday, in a letter to Congress, Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said that significant uncertainty now exists with regard to unresolved tax and spending policies for 2013, but we didn't really need Timothy Geithner to tell us that. Ron Elving is with us. He's NPR's senior Washington editor, and he joins me here in Studio 3A to help us make sense of what's happening in Washington as this deadline looms closer like a shadow approaching. Right, Ron?Welcome back to TALK OF THE NATION.","Good to be with you, Celeste.","Explain to me what's going on 'cause, first, we heard there may be a proposal from the president, then we heard there's no proposal from the president. Where do the negotiations stand?","The Senate is here. The president is here. They appear to be talking. The president was on the phone before he left Hawaii with the Republican and Democratic leaders of both the House and Senate. And apparently in one of the conversations that he had, either last night or after he got back here today, he intimated in some way to the Republican leader in the Senate - now, of course he's the minority leader in the Senate, as the Republicans are under 50 percent in that body - and Mitch McConnell got the message one way or another that the president was going to put something new on the table later on today. And so his people came out and told all the reporters on Capitol Hill, we're getting something from the president today, stay tuned."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The president will propose something new later today","questions":"What did the Republican leader in the Senate understand from one of his conversations with the President?","answer":"New"}
{"text":["That's where he sees himself as a character through a hole in his room.","I imagined a hole in a wall at the Good Inn where Soldier Boy perceives light and sound coming through this tiny pinhole. Imagine a camera obscura. And as he begins to investigate, he sees not only his own doppelganger, but other people that he recognizes in essentially the same place that he is - an inn, a bedroom, a man, a woman.","The only difference is that there are other people there, people at a tripod, for example, and a camera. And so he is actually seeing the first porn film ever being made, but it's in a parallel universe, if you will. He's attracted to the situation or intrigued by it enough because he's seeing himself and through a little whole in the wall. It doesn't make sense.","Yeah."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3).  In this turn, the speaker is describing a surreal and improbable scenario where the character is watching the first porn film ever made through a hole in his room. The implied meaning is that the scenario is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as a metaphor or symbol for the character's desires or curiosities. The use of the parallel universe concept emphasizes the idea that this scenario is not real or tangible, but rather a projection of the character's subconscious.(3).  In this turn, the speaker is describing a surreal and improbable scenario where the character is watching the first porn film ever made through a hole in his room. The implied meaning is that the scenario is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as a metaphor or symbol for the character's desires or curiosities. The use of the parallel universe concept emphasizes the idea that this scenario is not real or tangible, but rather a projection of the character's subconscious.","questions":"How is the scenario described in turn 2 meant to be interpreted?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":["And no birthdays, no Christmas, no nothing. And at age 15, I couldn't take it anymore, so I moved in with my real father, but I didn't know he was a pimp. And the transition from living in essentially a middle-class, suburban area, because he sold BMWs and Porsche automobiles, he did very well. Moving from that middle-class area and the. . .","And the picket fences, all the way to the other end of East 14th, where it was like. . .","Cars sliding by, was a huge transition. Going from one spectrum to another. And I was essentially a nerd coming out of knocking on doors and moving into where my brothers and everybody was like, David, we're about to have another party. And like, oh, really?How do I fit in here, you know?","Right, right."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A moved from a middle-class area to a poorer area with a stark contrast in living conditions.","questions":"How would you describe the contrast in living conditions?","answer":"Contrast"}
{"text":["But you also said let me reassure you, I've seen the quality of that work. In other words, these plans are viable, credible, ready to go?","Yes, I have. I did say that. Part of my job in the Pentagon was the oversight - civilian oversight of military planning, and one of the things that we've, you know, we're charged with is to prepare options for the president no matter the contingency. And certainly, there are very viable plans with regard to contingencies involving Iran. But again, the judgment is at this point that's not where the focus should be.","And as you know, Israel has - well, has plans of its own - contingencies. And I know a large part of your speech was devoted to the idea that they should hold off and reassuring them the United States would take action if necessary and that Israeli action would be counterproductive. More counterproductive than an American strike?","Well, my point to them was we have a shared objective here - preventing Iran from getting nuclear weapons and that, you know, any military action really only buys time. It's a delaying action for one to three years. It sets the program back, but it doesn't solve the fundamental problem of Iran's pursuit of a nuclear weapons capability. To do that, you'll need a continued international campaign with sanctions, with negotiations to eventually change their calculus."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"It sets the program back, but it doesn't solve the fundamental problem of Iran's pursuit of a nuclear weapons capability.\" - The actual meaning here is not about the meaning of the words used but rather about the speaker explaining the limitations of military action in addressing the issue of Iran's pursuit of nuclear weapons.","questions":"Which problem cannot be solved by military action according to the speaker?","answer":"Problem"}
{"text":["From NPR News, it's Day to Day. Later tonight, I will be hosting dinner at my house with friends I invited, which hopefully will keep the meal mellow because we all tend to see eye to eye on most things.","But not everyone is as lucky. If you find yourself sharing a table today with family or friends who don't share your political views, well, fret not. Slate. com's chief political correspondent John Dickerson has put together some ammunition to help you should the conversation turn to politics. He joins us now from his home in Washington, D. C.  Hi, John.","Hello. Happy Thanksgiving.","And to you as well. John, you have for Slate provided backup to both sides of the argument on a number of topics. Let's start off with the financial crisis. Now, let's say that your Aunt Edna is a Democrat and your cousin Joe is a Republican. What argument can each of them make over the pumpkin pie as to who's to blame for all this mess?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Political conversations can be contentious and require preparation","questions":"Which type of conversations require preparation?","answer":"Preparation"}
{"text":["And how long ago was this?","This was in the beginning of 2007.","And then, what happened with these new terms of your loan?","Well, I was pretty upset about my son and real focused on that and sort of trusted a friend of a friend. And the new terms, I didn't find out until much later, were very bad. I have a balloon payment after five years. I paid 20,000 to get into the loan. I have to pay 20,000 to get out of the loan, and my payments are 1,625 a month."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The new terms of the loan are unfavorable.","questions":"How would you describe the terms of the loan?","answer":"Bad"}
{"text":["The New York Mets lost 7 to 1 to the Milwaukee Brewers on Wednesday, but the real loser was their mascot, Mr.  Met. Mr.  Met has a huge white baseball of a head dappled with red stitching and embellished with a perpetual grin.","But as he left the playing field Wednesday night, Mr.  Met flipped a middle finger to a group of fans who posted it on Twitter - busted, Mr.  Met. The club apologized, and the team employee in the Mr.  Met costume that night has reportedly not returned. There were reports that fans heckled him, which fans deny.","The Mr.  Mets middle finger controversy poses a physical and philosophical question. Mr.  Met has four fingers on each hand. How can you say that any of them is a middle finger?Anyway, flipping the bird in New York, isn't that just how they say good morning in Queens?","(Singing) Well, everybody's heard about the bird - bird, bird, bird, the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, don't you know about the bird?Well, everybody knows that the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, the bird's the word. . ."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  the figurative use of the phrase \"flipping the bird\" and the phrase's implication in New York City, respectively.","questions":"Which phrase is being used figuratively and has an implication in New York City?","answer":"Flipping"}
{"text":["High bar, yeah. So the federal indictment is supposed to be unsealed today. What are you going to be looking for as someone who's been following this case against R.  Kelly for a long time?","Well, I'll be looking for a couple of things - one, looking to see if there are new alleged victims in here. You know, the case that's in state court, there are four alleged victims in there. Many of them were already known. They had either already come forward or - yeah, have already come forward and told their stories of alleged abuse at the hands of R.  Kelly.","I'll also be looking to see when the alleged crimes happened. You know, all of the alleged crimes in state court happened 10 years ago or more. Those kinds of cases are really hard to prove, you know, when they're that old. I'll be interested to see if any of these happened more recently, if there are any allegations that he's done anything in the last decade.","WBEZ reporter Patrick Smith in Chicago for us this morning. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Recent crimes are easier to prove than crimes from 10 years ago","questions":"Which kind of cases are hard to prove when they happened 10 years ago or more?","answer":"old"}
{"text":["It's amazing the way it works.","I agree. Now, Nelson Mandela's 90th birthday is looming, and there have been all this celebrations now. Supermodel Naomi Campbell, who I guess according to court records will hit anyone on the head with her cell phone, was supposed to be a presenter at this big concert but was removed from the list. Give us a quick sense of why.","Well, Mandela was a little upset that when she got arrested the last time she had on a hat with the numbers - his prison cell number or his inmate number from prison, and he was a little disturbed about that. But she didn't present, but she did attend an event last night. So, I mean, you know I think he was - you know people was sort of worried about you know what it would like if she was on stage, but she was there because they're very close, she and Mandela so.","Ah, close enough to get hit with the cell phone?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Naomi Campbell has a history of violence with her cell phone","questions":"What did Naomi Campbell use as an accessory with numbers on it during her arrest?","answer":"hat"}
{"text":["FLDS has been accused of forcing underage girls to marry adult men. For more, we turned to Salt Lake Tribune reporter Brooke Adams, and, Brooke, many people likely remember this story. Hundreds of children were removed from the ranch in April. And later on, they were returned to their family. When did that happen and why?","They were returned to their families in June - actually on June 2nd after first the Texas Court of Appeals and then the Texas Supreme Court ruled that a San Angelo judge didn't have enough evidence to hold all of them in custody.","And so they went back to their families. You wrote about a new report that was released just last week. There was a commission that reported on FLDS. What were some of their key findings?","The Texas Department of Family and Protective Services found that there were 12 young girls ranging in age from 12 to 15 who had been married to older men. It's unclear from the report whether all of those marriages took place at the ranch, but that's where they found the evidence for that. And of those 12 girls, seven of them have had children, which is interesting. The girls now range in age from 14 to 18, so many of them are still minors. The youngest of those girls, I will say, however, have not had children."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The courts did not have enough evidence to hold the children in custody.","questions":"How were the children returned to their families?","answer":"flds"}
{"text":["Let me ask you this. Do you know Pat Cipollone?","We've met.","I assume he is also very familiar with the Constitution having gotten as far as he has in his legal career.","Look, he's doing what his client wants him to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : He should not be blamed for anything as he only does what he is told to do.","questions":"How should Pat Cipollone be judged?","answer":"familiar"}
{"text":["So when the president says that uninsured individuals who are immigrants are a burden on the health care system, that is not the main cause of the burden of the uninsured. Most of that is citizens, so he is actually incorrect.","Absolutely. The vast majority of uninsured Americans are U. S.  citizens. That is the big challenge we have. We are obviously way more complicated here, and we're looking to make it even more complicated for people to visit the United States, potentially more expensive, and thereby discourage particularly people who are not of means from visiting the United States.","That was Anne Dunkelberg of the Center for Public Policy Priorities in Austin, Texas. Thank you so much.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : THANK YOU REFERS TO THE ONE ARE THE HELP.","questions":"What does turn 0 imply about the burden of the uninsured?","answer":"Citizens"}
{"text":["You know, I think that - I haven't been so inspired to do anything and get so involved since Clinton, you know, when I was working grassroots for that campaign. And for this, you know - I've always kept my work about hip-hop and jazz and the urban experience. My work is really about celebrating urban life. And to me, Obama represents that. He really does celebrate urban life and he's someone that's very relatable.","You have this beautiful picture in your book about a jazz quartet or quin. . .","Quintet.","Quintet. And although you're dealing with the hip-hop sensibility, you also - it's easy to see how it relates to a jazz and blues sensibility. Why did you do that work?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is interested in the connection between jazz and hip-hop in A's work.","questions":"What does PersonB inquire about in relation to PersonA's work?","answer":"nice"}
{"text":["Well, the Chinese vice premier, Liu He, who is very high up in the government, came to Washington Thursday. The two sides met Thursday evening, then again on Friday. They broke off rather early in the afternoon saying they would meet again at some point in the future. But there hasn't been any meeting scheduled at this point, although President Trump is supposed to meet with Chinese President Xi Jinping at the G-20 summit in Japan in June.","You know, at the beginning of the week, President Trump put out some angry tweets accusing the Chinese of reneging on some commitments they had made. What do we know about that?","I think, in general, there's a real feeling in the Trump administration that China has a history of making promises about changing its business practices and then not following through on them, especially on issues like intellectual property theft and the forced transfer of technology. So there's been a lot of unhappiness about that. And then, this week, the president said because of the - China had reneged on its commitments, he was prepared to raise existing tariffs on $200 billion worth of Chinese imports from 10 to 25 percent. And that actually happened on Friday.","And the president said today that he wants even more tariffs on China. Would it be fair to assume that China might retaliate, and, if so, how?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies that the Trump administration strongly disapproves of China's behavior regarding intellectual property theft and the forced transfer of technology.","questions":"What is the Trump administration's stance on China's business practices regarding intellectual property theft and forced technology transfer?","answer":"Disapprove"}
{"text":["Several of them. I mean, Espanola had only 14 individuals left in the 1960s, and then it was 12 females and two males. A third male was found in the San Diego Zoo and brought back to Galapagos (unintelligible) 1975. And there have now been about 2,000 young tortoises released back to that island through the reproduction program at the tortoise center here on Santa Cruz.","The same holds true for several of the other populations. I would say many of the populations are out of danger. But we're still, given the exploitation from the 1800s, the total tortoise population of Galapagos is still about 10 to 20 percent of the original population. So we have a long way to go to bring them back to the original populations.","A couple of questions tweeted and asked by listeners of the same ilk, saying: Would it be possible to clone him?","OK, this is an interesting thing, and we are trying to save some of Lonesome George's tissues, cells. Cloning in reptiles has really not been developed at all, and we're doing - a few mammals seem to be doing OK, but in general the technology, the methodology to actually clone reptiles is decades away.","So hopefully they will be able to maintain cells as in cryogenics, and who knows in the future, but at the moment, it would be impossible."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"decades away\" - This implies that the technology to clone reptiles is still a long way off and not currently available, rather than just being a matter of waiting for a few years.","questions":"Which term describes the status of reptile cloning technology?","answer":"Preserving"}
{"text":["It's hell seeing 6, 7 years old burying their own dead. Nobody's going to give them questions when they're beginning to ask questions. Simple questions - why are we here?Where's my mommy?That's when you get to know, like, these are children sometimes when the terrible things happen.","So on the one hand, they're killing people and on the other hand they're still children.",">>JAL They are still children, but, you know, they've been - they've grown really fast in terms of - to be trained to be killing machines because - the only thing is children don't know you die once. And also - AK is also a terrible gun that has been invented because young people can carry the gun - 8 years old can fire an AK47 that's as good as a 20-year-old.","How did you get out of that?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Children are being trained to be killing machines, and a gun was invented that is easy for young people to use, leading to more violence.","questions":"Which weapon is mentioned in the dialogue that can be fired by 8-year-olds?","answer":"AK47"}
{"text":["We were both going after a kind of Everest. It's something big and difficult, dangerous for sure. The tribes were known to shoot at anyone who came into their area. On top of that, you've got to evade the Indian authorities who put them under protection. Plus, China has claimed that area, so there's a high military presence there. So the whole thing, if you're young and adventurous, it's kind of fantastic.","Tell me about John Allen Chau specifically and his motivations and what drove him and what surprised you about where he came from.","There's a number of different things. John was a huge outdoorsman, very capable. And he was particularly a kind of solo adventurer, did a lot of solo hikes for days at a time. And that actually turns out to be - in the missionary world, there's a kind of extreme sports end of the missionary world. It's all bro and dude and legit and hey and high-fives and scaling down cliffs to meet an uncontacted tribe. Very often, I've got to say, that story - the story that they're all trying to tell - is of the solo adventurer going into the jungle and finding the lost tribe.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : what drove him in this context means what inspired or motivated him","questions":"Which word describes the extreme sports end of the missionary world?","answer":"solohikes"}
{"text":["And yeah. Like I said, the video can be used for good. And that's why I think the premise of body camera footage is good. But where problems emerge is when government officials and police officials push back against making that footage public because that's the whole reason. The reason is to bring transparency to police interactions. And if government officials push against that, it goes against the entire premise.","One of the very interesting points that you make in your book is that the federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades. I mean, you highlight a report that was commissioned by President Johnson, President Lyndon Johnson in 1967 in response to the Watts riots. And you said that it proposes really not so much an emphasis on technology but an emphasis on relationships, on communication and teaching police officers how to communicate better with the public, how to - it's more of like a - I don't know what word to use. Would you say humanistic approach?And. . .","Absolutely. That's a great word for it.","And that you say that there's - these kinds of - these techniques have never really been implemented because they were deemed to be too expensive. But you also point out that technology is expensive. The police departments spend a huge amount on these technologies that you say don't work. So what - my question to you is, why do you think these techniques have not gotten more traction?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The report commissioned by President Johnson in 1967 proposes a humanistic approach to improving police-community relations through better communication and relationships.","questions":"Which president commissioned the report highlighted by PersonA in the dialogue?","answer":"Johnson"}
{"text":["You had to actually take the thing apart to change games.","Take out the battery and everything to change games.","That would be a drawback.","That's a drawback. And number two - they didn't have any games. There was, like, two games that were worth playing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"That's a drawback\" - The speaker is not referring to the fact that there were only two games worth playing as a drawback. Instead, they are adding to their previous statement by stating another drawback of the thing they are discussing.","questions":"What did the speaker add to their previous statement by saying \"That's a drawback\"?","answer":"Another"}
{"text":["Please tell us, what are your feelings, in the wake of Charlottesville, about the statues of your ancestor?","Well, I'm a pastor. And one of the things that I automatically go to is this is a form of idolatry, very plain and simply. We have made an idol of Robert Edward Lee. We have made him an idol of white supremacy. We have made him an idol of nationalism and of bigotry and of hate and of racism. And that's unacceptable. And not only as a person of goodwill but as for me as a Christian, I can no longer sit by and allow my family's name to be used as hate-filled speech.","Pastor, I'd like to note that you have, since you have come out publicly and talked about this, been receiving threats. Can you tell me what's been going on?","Yeah. Well, the message boards are lit up with people saying that people who are speaking out against white supremacy, including myself, should be taken care of, whatever that means. And it's been hard. I mean, I'm a 24-year-old. I'm a pastor. I'm not a violent person. I don't condone violence in any form. And so to see that there are people who wish to be violent against me and my family, against my church community is terrifying."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A's turn: \"the message boards are lit up with people saying that people who are speaking out against white supremacy, including myself, should be taken care of, whatever that means.\"","questions":"Which boards are lit up with threats against A?","answer":"message"}
{"text":["I was like, yeah. She's like, what do you talk about?I say, my life, our life. And she's like, so you tell them about us and they pay you.","And she's like, I've never found you entertaining enough to pay you anything.","In fact, I wish you would shut up so - so she was - and my father is even worse. I mean, he's very dry. My mom has all the personality. My father is a - he's Swiss-German, so I mean he's just a combination of. . .","Known so much for their humor."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B: \"Known so much for their humor.\" - This phrase is a sarcastic remark, and its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is suggesting that Swiss-German people are not known for their humor, whereas the literal meaning would suggest the opposite.","questions":"How does PersonB feel about Swiss-German humor?","answer":"Humor"}
{"text":["Right. So this is a very powerful story, also. And I think that this story is about the way that women devour their own, in some ways, and - particularly in small towns and in towns where sex is seen as a detriment.","Yeah. There were a few stories in here that I did not love, and there was a moment where I was starting to question your judgment in pulling them all together, I will confess. And then I got to one titled \"To The North,\" and it just knocked me out. I mean, it's about a boy and his summers on the beach and how he grows into a man. And his character is forming. It's fantastic if I - in my view. And I gather it's one of your favorites, as well.","It is my very favorite in the book. But you know, also - so part of what our arguments were - were about showing sort of the larger artistic growth of a writer. And so I have to admit there are some stories in this that aren't my favorite, either, but they seemed important in terms of Nancy Hale as a round person and showing her work through time. \"To The North\" is exquisite. I just found it full of repressed longing.","Yeah. I mean, I wonder to you, as someone who writes very well-received short stories, is it inspiring, or is it daunting to come across somebody else who could write a short story that was pretty darn near perfect?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Nancy Hale is a person that has a great many different capabilities and interests.","questions":"Which person in the dialogue is mentioned as having a great many different capabilities and interests?","answer":"Nancy"}
{"text":["We're small compared to some of the other growers throughout the state here in Illinois. But we normally have everything in the ground. As of Monday, we only had about 25% or so in the ground tops, actually a little bit less than that.","So what are you going to do?As you said, like, normally, you've had your corn in. And then I guess you'd move onto your beans. What are you going to do?","Right now we have a few different options. We do carry crop insurance, as does many of the farmers throughout the state and throughout the Midwest, for that matter. And we do have an option to take what they call prevent plants. That's part of our crop insurance.","What happens if you and all of your neighbors don't get your corn into the field?Like I say, as you've told me now, you've got like only about a fraction in the ground if what you normally would have at this time of year. Are we going to - forgive me for being selfish about it - are we not going to have corn this summer to go with our barbecues and everything else or what?What's going to happen?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : having everything in group implies that all the necessities and requirements are made available, not implies everything in the floor ","questions":"What does having everything in the ground imply?","answer":"Progress"}
{"text":["In some ways, they're almost a young person's poem - some of them. The thing that I really like is her gestures towards image and metaphor that really shape her whole career. So there's this line that particularly moves me.","Say I am the air - I break - or say I am a spool unwinding. I am the spool that unwound while riding the sky down.","And I just think that's incredibly beautiful and evocative.","Erin Singer - she's an assistant professor of English at Louisiana Tech. You can see those poems in the next issue of the Fugue Literary Journal of the University of Idaho. Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The writer means that they are flexible and can move easily.","questions":"Which line from the poem particularly moves A?","answer":"Say"}
{"text":["I grew up in a small town where there were no poets. There were brilliant carpenters and electricians and people who did things with their hands. I wanted to make something with my hands too. I just wanted to make something a little different.","And so I needed models to sort of tell me that I could do that. Now, I am hopefully urging on another generation, the next generation of young, passionate, risk-taking, truth-telling writers to say, don't be afraid of this, you can do this, just have the resolve to do it, and it'll work itself out.","Even if you're working at Kinko's overnight?","Even if you're working at Kinko's it will, you know, you - there are jobs everywhere for poets of passion, you know?Some of them are in the academy."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : No matter where a person works they can find inspiration to write a poem.","questions":"What kind of jobs are available for passionate poets according to A?","answer":"Academy"}
{"text":["It stores the equivalent of ones and zeroes. We came up with the idea in a bar in Hamburg a few years ago because the institute where I work is - keeps some of the world's big, biological databases. We store the information, we archive the information, and we serve it to research biologists around the world over the Internet for them to do their research.","And the data that's coming to us is increasing exponentially. It's quite a headache for us to keep hold of all of that because our budgets don't increase exponentially.","Yeah, did you actually try this out on some DNA?","Yeah, we tried it out in a real - it's sort of compared to the databases we store, it's a small example, but compared to what people have done before, it's a pretty big example. We wrote a computer program that embodied a code that would convert the zeros and ones from a hard disk drive into the letters that we use to represent DNA, and then we - our collaborators in California were able to actually synthesize physical DNA.","And what did you store in that DNA?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : when something is a headache in this context it means its annoying","questions":"What does the word \"headache\" mean in this context?","answer":"Annoying"}
{"text":["Well, we have shared the coordinates of health facilities, school facilities and so on for the very purpose to make sure they're protected. Sadly, several of these facilities received a direct hit. Actually, the secretary-general has called for a board of inquiry to investigate into these cases and to find out what had happened.","For us, it's a question of trust, and it's a question of protection when we say - when we give these coordinates, we expect that all parties in the conflict will respect them. And when that doesn't happen, that's really a significant problem for all and, most importantly, for the people who find themselves - that we have had incidents of ambulances receiving direct aid. Hospitals, doctors, nurses would be in the middle of an operational procedure or who had gone to this place for medical treatment and to find themselves being bombed inside the hospital or children in the school. That's something that is really totally unacceptable.","Panos Moumtzis is the United Nations humanitarian coordinator for the Syria crisis. Thanks so much for being with us, sir.","Thank you for calling me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : incidents of ambulances receiving direct aid means that ambulances were bombed while they had patients inside. ","questions":"What kind of facilities were hit by the conflict?","answer":"Hospitals"}
{"text":["I, Karen Bass. . .","In May, Bass was sworn in as the first black female speaker of California's Assembly. That post has been called the second most powerful in the state behind the governor.","I recently asked Speaker Bass how she's dealing with her rise in profile and her new level of responsibility.","I felt definitely overwhelmed. But, you know, since May, or really since the election in February, I've just had a tremendous amount of support and welcome and good will. So I'm very excited about serving in the role.","You are someone who has certain interests that particularly are important to you. Foster care is one of them. Tell me about foster care."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Speaker Bass has experienced a rise in her profile and level of responsibility.","questions":"Which position has been referred to as the second most powerful in the state behind the governor?","answer":"Speaker"}
{"text":["The Pythians were a black baseball team in Philadelphia from about 1866 to 1872. And they were damn good. And like just about every other dimension of his life, he used that arena to fight for equality.","And he met a tragic end, I gather.","Yup. Much like Martin Luther King, he had his young life cut short by gunfire from a white assassin.","I don't understand how America doesn't know so much about him and why Philadelphia took so long to recognize him."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : I don't understand how America doesn't know so much about him and why Philadelphia took so long to recognize him.\" Implied meaning: \"The person being discussed was not given the recognition and respect he deserved, and this is a failure on the part of both America and Philadelphia.\"","questions":"How was the person being discussed treated?","answer":"Poorly"}
{"text":[". . . We figured out that if all of these things operate as they have historically and retire according to their normal lifetimes, we'd have another maybe 650 billion tons of CO2 emitted to the atmosphere.","That sounds pretty ugly.","Yeah, that's a very large number because we can compare that to sort of the budget we have that the United Nations has identified as being safe targets; 1 1\/2 degrees Celsius of warming relative to the preindustrial is considered the safe operating space right now. And this would put us in jeopardy of being beyond that.","I mean, I guess we're assuming that nothing will change, but couldn't there be big technological breakthroughs that could prevent temperatures from rising far beyond 1. 5 degrees Celsius?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : I don't like it so it sounds bad, or sounds ugly. ","questions":"What is PersonB's reaction to the information provided by A?","answer":"Ugly"}
{"text":[". . . Of Puerto Rico. (Laughter) So that would leave the secretary of the Department of Education fourth in line. And he took over that agency from Julia Keleher, who is facing corruption charges in federal court.","Oh, my goodness.","And I think it's important to remember that the arrest of the former Department of Education secretary almost three weeks ago initiated this head-spinning series of events that has led to Governor Rossello's announcement last Wednesday that he was resigning.","Mr.  Trelles, I just want to know because we're going so far down the line of succession, is there some point in the rules where the governorship just falls to you, that it's the editor of Radio Ambulante who becomes governor of Puerto Rico?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It is being implied that if everyone resigns he will be the new leader.","questions":"Which position would the editor of Radio Ambulante take if everyone resigned?","answer":"Governor"}
{"text":["Hi.","So tell us about these families. Who are they?","So we're talking about four adults. We have three Sri Lankans. Supun, Nadeeka are a couple. Ajith is a single male. And we also have a Filipina. Her name is Vanessa. And they have three children whose names I won't say out loud.","OK.  And how did they come to help Edward Snowden?","At the time that Mr.  Snowden was in Hong Kong, they were already asylum seekers established in Hong Kong. And he ended up staying with different people during, I believe, a two-week period before he left the territory."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implies that the speaker wants to know about the role that the families played in helping Edward Snowden, not just how he ended up staying with them","questions":"What was the reason behind the Sri Lankan and Filipina families helping Edward Snowden?","answer":"Asylum"}
{"text":["People are still there, and people are still very defiant. I think that's really the only word you can use for people who've spent the last month fasting during Ramadan in extremes of heat. And they now say that we will not step down; we will not stand back until this military council has been deposed.","Well, now the military is saying we're going to stall these negotiations. Any agreement that we had settled is off, but we're going to hold elections within nine months. Is that good news for the protesters?","It is - they take it as good news, but the reality is it's not because the only infrastructure that remains intact is the infrastructure of the former regime and the former ruling party. It's difficult to see how, in a situation where people are fearing for their lives, you can put together a cohesive electoral campaign. Even though the military council says that they will allow observers in, this is a military council that is blocking journalists - that has suspended Al Jazeera, that has suspended other journalists from doing their work. So there's a lot of disbelief that they will allow observers to carry out their job.","Meanwhile, they will just continue to sit-in, to protest, to demand democratic reforms even if they are unlikely."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People who fasted during Ramadan in extreme heat are showing defiance by continuing to protest until the military council is deposed.","questions":"Which religious event did the protesters fast during?","answer":"Ramadan"}
{"text":["I am not a dog owner. I would say I'm an aspiring dog owner. Just a couple of weeks ago I did a review of robot pets. This is the only kind of pet that I think I would be responsible enough to take care of.","OK. So cockroaches was number one. Dogs was number four. What was two and three?","Well, number two was why don't humans have a mating season?It turned out that there's an entire chapter of a book by Jared Diamond, the author of \"Guns, Germs, and Steel,\" that looks at just that question. And question number three was about a photograph from an old issue of Life magazine showing the descendants of George Washington. The person wanted to know, who is the current living descendant of George Washington?And, I guess, who would be king of America if George Washington had been king?That question has been answered most recently in an article for Ancestry magazine.","Slate. com's Daniel Engber. Thank you, Dan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A has recently researched various topics and is knowledgeable about them.","questions":"What was the subject of the chapter from the book by Jared Diamond that PersonA referred to?","answer":"Humans"}
{"text":["Ron, tomorrow, President Obama will sign the stimulus bill in Denver, and then it's on to Phoenix, and then, he'll round out the end of the week with a trip to Canada. Why so much travel?","I think he's learning from the last few weeks. When he stayed in D. C. , the economic stimulus package got stalled. When he got back on the road, got back on the stump, the energy in the atmosphere changed quickly. And being the campaign Barack. being in campaign mode, talking back to Washington from out in the country, that worked better than being the Washington Barack Obama talking to the country. He wants this symbolic energy to be flowing in that direction. He wants to be the voice of the people talking to the federal government, not the symbol of the federal government talking to the people.","NPR senior Washington editor Ron Elving. Thanks, Ron.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Obama's travel is strategic to push for the stimulus bill.","questions":"How is Obama's travel related to the stimulus bill?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["Murray Horowitz. And I don't care how many operas you write, you're always going to be a clown.","You know, if, God forbid, I were elected president of the United States, the best thing on my resume will still be he was a clown in the Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Circus.","Murray, thanks very much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : You will never be taken seriously no matter how hard you try.","questions":"How will Murray Horowitz always be seen, regardless of his accomplishments?","answer":"Clown"}
{"text":["Tracy Letts, who won the 2008 Pulitzer Prize for his play, has adapted it for the screen. He's also won a Tony for starring on Broadway in \"Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?\"He plays a U. S.  senator in the latest season of \"Homeland,\" and is a member of Chicago's Steppenwolf ensemble. Tracy Letts joins us from Chicago. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me.","You know, such a well-known play, but I'm afraid I don't think I've ever heard the story of how you came to write \"August: Osage County. \"","It's based on family history. My grandfather - my mother's father - committed suicide when I was 10 years old. And my grandmother descended into years of downer addiction, which had a horrible impact on my family and has ripples in my family even to this day. And watching all of that unfold as a 10-year-old certainly had an impact on me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is that Tracy Letts watched his family suffer when he was 10 years old, but the implied meaning is that the experience had a lasting effect on him and shaped his life and art.","questions":"Which experience had a lasting impact on Tracy Letts?","answer":"Family"}
{"text":["Well, certainly in some cases in expensive cities still need some help but much less help. On a minimum wage of $12 an hour, a couple - two full-time minimum wage workers - would earn $50,000 a year. That certainly doesn't make you affluent, it doesn't make you rich, but you can get by reasonably well on $50,000 a year.","And you don't think jobs will leave the state?","Some jobs, but probably a lot fewer than most people think. There have actually been a lot of recent studies in the last five or 10 years that have turned around the economic sentiment on this issue. In most cases, in nearly all cases, the jobs we're talking about for these workers are in the low-wage service sector. They're non-tradable. They're not subject to foreign competition. They can't be outsourced. Those jobs are exactly the sort of jobs where the employers would simply pass along the extra costs to the consumer. They'd raise prices and keep their workers at a much higher paycheck. Furthermore, the price rises we're talking about are very much smaller than most people would realize. Wal-Mart is America's largest low-wage employer. Three hundred thousand Wal-Mart workers average about $9 an hour. All Wal-Mart would have to do to cover a $12 minimum wage is raise their prices by 1. 1 percent one time. The average Wal-Mart shopper would pay only an extra $12. 50 per year. People wouldn't even notice the price hike.","Well, if the goal is to lift low-wage workers above the poverty level, is $12 an hour really enough?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Will the employers have to bear the cost of the minimum wage increase?","questions":"Which low-wage jobs are non-tradable and not subject to foreign competition, according to PersonA in the dialogue?","answer":"Low-wage"}
{"text":["Good to be here, Ira.","So tell us about your change of mind and heart about this issue.","Well, if you had asked me a year ago, I might have said I didn't know whether there was global warming at all. But we had begun a major study, scientific reinvestigation. We were addressing what I consider to be legitimate criticisms of many of the skeptics.","But about nine months ago, we reached a conclusion that global warming was indeed taking place, that all of the effects that the skeptics raised could be addressed, and to my surprise, actually, the global warming was approximately what people had previously said."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The conclusion that global warming was taking place was surprising to A and matched previous predictions.","questions":"What was the conclusion about global warming?","answer":"Taking"}
{"text":["The crowd was enormous. They were fired-up. There was this huge jumbo-tron screen on which the results were being displayed on CNN, and so, of course, as it came in, and it fall - it fell, first New Hampshire for Obama, then Pennsylvania, and then the red states started coming in. The crowd was going crazy.","What was striking about the speeches, after having covered Senator Obama for more than 20 months and seeing all the blue placards with Change on it and the rally atmosphere, this was very different than that. This was a presidential speech. The placards were gone, and American flags were being waved by people in the crowd.","And the speech itself was - there was no humor. It was a very serious speech. And though it had lots of optimism in it, it was about the challenges that we face as a country. And so, it really felt - and they, of course, set it up that way, so that it would be a pivot from the campaign Obama to the governing Obama. And one last observation is that he was surrounded on both sides by what looked like two huge parenthesis, massive bullet proof glass on either side of him as he spoke, protecting him from most of that crowd of roughly 200,000.","Well, let's talk about that pivot. We heard that Barack Obama will be speaking with President Bush sometime, perhaps, this week?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The crowd was very excited and enthusiastic about the election results.","questions":"How was the crowd's reaction to the election results?","answer":"crowd"}
{"text":["Committee will come to order.","Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff was the one swinging that gavel and overseeing the hearing with Acting Director of National Intelligence Joseph Maguire. Chairman Schiff, welcome back to the program.","Thank you. Great to be with you.","Let me first ask you about one big revelation in the whistleblower complaint, which is that after President Trump asked Ukraine's president to look into the Biden family, the White House locked down all records of the call, putting them into a separate electronic system to handle especially sensitive classified information. Have you ever heard of a White House doing something like that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The gavel was not swung but Adam Schiff had authority over the meeting.","questions":"Which politician chaired the Intelligence Committee hearing with Acting Director of National Intelligence Joseph Maguire?","answer":"Adam"}
{"text":["Always a pleasure, Neal.","And how big is this change?","It is big. The previous record was in 2007, where a very large percentage of this ice melted away. This year, it's already bigger than 2007 by an area the size of Texas. This is - this really shattered that record which in itself was a pretty dramatic departure from the average.","And, well, if things melt, it's because things are warmer, right?","That is exactly right. And what happens also is the Arctic ice has been getting thinner over the years. And so it used to be that you can have some warm summers up there, and you wouldn't melt it all away because you'd have 10 feet or 20 feet thick of ice. And you'd melt some of it, but you wouldn't melt it all the way through. But because of this warming trend up there, it is where the planet is warming faster than anywhere else. The Arctic, what we've seen is the ice getting thinner up there. And so a fairly small pretubance will actually melt a lot of the ice because it's thin to begin with. You don't have to melt 20 feet of ice. You might melt three feet of ice."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Arctic ice is melting faster than ever before due to global warming, which causes a thinning of the ice.","questions":"Which record was shattered due to the melting of Arctic ice?","answer":"2007"}
{"text":["For the last 40, 50 years, the education system has been translated into industry worker-producing system at high end, also, at low end, also. So - and that education system is becoming a reason to be tensed about the examinations themselves, the jobs, the admissions to the higher education classes, and every student was almost dying to get at the top positions. So all this was creating a lot of problem. So that's why we are not touching right now at graduation level; we are just touching about the bottom level - that is, starting from nursery classes to grade 8.","Minister Sisodia, who teaches a happiness class?","So there are 20,000 teachers that we have trained so far to take these classes, and they're taking these classes daily. This is 35-minute class, every day, first half of the morning. One class is for happiness class.","I have to ask, has any teacher said to you, if you want me to teach a happiness class, pay me more?That'll make me happy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 20,000 teachers have been trained to teach a daily 35-minute happiness class.","questions":"What is the duration of the daily happiness class taught by the trained teachers?","answer":"35"}
{"text":["Yes, they are in re-settlement areas. For example, in Mozambique you have 258,000 people, 90,000 of whom have been displaced over the past month or so. In Malawi you already have 700 cholera cases that have been reported. You have about 152,000 people who have been affected. So they are moving away from their home areas into re-settlement camps.","Let's move to Kenya in the east of Africa. The talks between President Kibaki and opposition leader Raila Odinga continue today outside of Nairobi and the negotiations are being mediated by former U. N.  Secretary General Kofi Annan. Since the post-election violence began in late December, more than 1,000 people have been killed and hundreds of thousands have been displaced. There are also reports of a wave of sexual violence against women who've been displaced by this turmoil. So Cassandra, what's going on here?","Since the violence after the disputed elections on December 27th, we're seeing that this situation has put women and girls at great risk of sexual assault. We know that always in situations of conflict women and girls are in danger. And in Kenya it is no different. We are hearing reports from Nairobi, from the Nairobi general hospital, that there may be as many as double the number of cases of rape within the days following the eruption of the violence.","And what we know is that for every case that is being treated or is being reported, there are many more victims who fail to seek help."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"Let's move to Kenya\" is a figurative expression, meaning \"let's switch our focus of discussion to Kenya\" and not a literal suggestion to physically move.","questions":"Which expression in the dialogue is a figurative expression?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Well, this is really interesting. They say they've found evidence that the Sacklers were trying to conceal their wealth in order to avoid paying an appropriate settlement. This is something we've heard even from sources who support the deal on the table, the idea that the Sacklers have worked strategically over the years to drain money out of Purdue Pharma and position those assets all over the world to make them harder to seize. In a statement, Letitia James accused the Sacklers of lowballing victims to skirt a responsible settlement while trying to shield their financial misconduct.","The Sacklers say James and other attorneys general are on a fishing expedition with these suits. They've countersued to squash the investigation. And they also say they're making a good-faith effort now to settle all these lawsuits.","Brian, you cover opioid litigation for NPR. More than 218,000 Americans have died from prescription opioid overdoses. What do you see as the likelihood of communities and families actually getting money or some kind of compensation?","Yeah. I think it's unlikely that it will happen anytime soon, Scott. The legal fight is happening on a lot of fronts right now, so that's going to slow things down. Ohio - just let me give you one example. They've already received tens of millions of dollars in compensation from other drug companies that sold opioid medications and settlements. But because of a legal fight there, none of that money can be spent helping people. It's just sitting in a bank account. And as the money amounts grow here, up into the billions now, the legal fight over who gets all of this cash will likely grow, too."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is a deal that has been offered to the Sacklers from the attorneys general.","questions":"How are the Sacklers being accused by Letitia James?","answer":"Accused"}
{"text":["Well, we - it seemed that this is something that happened fairly recently. Dan Coats had been at odds with the president, seemed like he might be on the way out. So that part of it wasn't such a surprise. And there were reports that Ratcliffe did meet with the president a couple of weeks ago, so he had sort of caught the president's attention. And then Ratcliffe was a very sharp critic of Robert Mueller, suggesting that Mueller had overstepped his bounds in the sort of televised hearing when Mueller went up to Capitol Hill.","So some are saying that almost was sort of an audition for this job because, in just a few days later, the president tweeted that Dan Coats was out and Ratcliffe was in. And then today the president has tweeted again saying, John Ratcliffe is being treated very unfairly by the lame-stream (ph) media. And rather than go through months of slander and libel, he's decided to stay in Congress.","What does this mean for the intelligence community?","Well, we'll find out. Dan Coats is still scheduled to leave the job on August 15. Now, by statute, the deputy, Sue Gordon, who's very highly respected - spent well over 30 years in the intelligence community; widely known, widely respected - she's supposed to take over on an interim basis, but it hasn't happened yet. And just within the past hour, Trump said that he might choose her on an interim basis but didn't commit to it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to be at odds means that you disagree with someone and argue about it","questions":"Which deputy is supposed to take over on an interim basis according to statute?","answer":"Gordon"}
{"text":["Oh, my goodness, the crisis keeps deepening by the day. Yesterday, some of the parties called for a vote of no confidence. The chancellor, Sebastian Kurz, was hoping that he could get rid of Interior Minister Kickl, who has also been the center of several scandals himself during the course of the 18 months that they've been in government. The other ministers of Transport, Defense and Labor said, we're going to leave, too.","So you're describing all sorts of behind-closed-doors machinations going on here. But bottom line - as Austria prepares to go to bed tonight, Chancellor Sebastian Kurz is still in charge of the government, but he doesn't have much of a government now that his coalition has fallen apart.","Exactly.","How is this playing as you are out and about interviewing people on the streets of Vienna?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Although Kurz is technically still in charge, the government has lost much of its power and stability due to the coalition's collapse.","questions":"How has the Austrian government been affected by the coalition's collapse?","answer":"weakened"}
{"text":["And both the Republican, Mark Harris, and the Democrat, Dan McCready, have weighed in on these allegations. What have they said?","So McCready went first. He said on Thursday that Harris has bankrolled criminal activity. That's a reference to a Bladen County political operative who pushed people to vote absentee by mail and then allegedly illegally harvested their ballots.","Now wait. When you say harvested, that means, you know, picking them up, opening them and discarding the ones you don't want?","Well, not necessarily. It definitely means that he picked them up from voters, which is illegal in North Carolina. You know, in this state, once you - it's your mail ballot, and you're responsible for getting it to the mailbox or to the Board of Elections. So this operative kind of went and collected them. We don't know exactly what he did with them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : McCready accused Harris of funding criminal activity through a political operative.","questions":"How did McCready describe the actions of Harris?","answer":"Bankrolled"}
{"text":["What do we know about the synagogue and the surrounding community of Squirrel Hill?","Well, the Saturday service at this synagogue usually starts at about 9:45 a. m. It's a conservative congregation. According to the synagogue's website, Rabbi Jeffrey Myers leads at Saturday's service on most weekends. He's written about gun control before. In July, he posted an essay to the congregation's website, to the synagogue's website, where he said, despite continuous calls for sensible gun control, our elected leaders in Washington knew that it would fade away in time. He says that he was afraid that the status quo on gun control would remain unchanged and shootings would continue. He also lamented that he felt he had to include in his daily morning prayers that God should watch over his wife and daughter and teachers to keep them safe.","President Trump has weighed in on events, hasn't he?","He has. President Trump tweeted this morning that he is watching the events unfold in Pittsburgh, and he warned people to stay away from the area. And he said it looked like there would be multiple fatalities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Rabbi is afraid of gun violence and shootings.","questions":"How does Rabbi Myers feel about gun control and shootings?","answer":"Afraid"}
{"text":["The director of the U. S.  Census Bureau, John H.  Thompson, announced his retirement this week in the wake of a disagreement with Congress over funding for the 2020 census. The census is conducted every 10 years. The results determine how many seats in Congress and electoral votes that each state receives, and it helps guide how more than $400 billion is spent each year on education, health and infrastructure.","We're joined now by Robert Groves. He's former director of the U. S.  Census Bureau. He's now the provost of Georgetown University. Mr.  Groves, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning. Great to be with you.","Congress has approved nearly $1. 5 billion to fund the census this fiscal year, and it's supposed to be the same for next year. Is that enough?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The disagreement with Congress over funding for the 2020 census could have implications for the accuracy and reliability of the census results.","questions":"What could be affected by the disagreement over funding for the 2020 census?","answer":"Census"}
{"text":["There's a moment in class I want to ask you about there. They're discussing \"Madame Bovary. \"And Fatima and Meagan (ph), another young woman in the class, have a telling difference of opinion.","Yeah. I came to that when I was thinking about what it meant to outlaw the hijab in France and what it means to claim yourself as a woman in a world that is supposed to be becoming more pluralistic but is actually becoming more tribal. And it should be an acceptance. And I think when a Middle Eastern woman would like to claim her authority and her strength and her centeredness while being covered, the West, in general, will give her argument about that.","And in \"Madame Bovary\" there is a - you know, Flaubert is trying to make this statement about female vanity and a sense of class sort of raising yourself up and having your womanhood be your bootstraps. And in this case, Meagen is arguing that that's the way it should be. And America offers you this, and it's an illuminated culture because of that. And Fatima says, no, I think that it actually weakens and debases the woman to have to expose herself or use her beauty to attain wealth or stature.","Rez goes on the Internet. What's he searching for?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : And in \"Madame Bovary\" there is a - you know, Flaubert is trying to make this statement about female vanity and a sense of class sort of raising yourself up and having your womanhood be your bootstraps. And in this case, Meagen is arguing that that's the way it should be. And America offers you this, and it's an illuminated culture because of that. And Fatima says, no, I think that it actually weakens and debases the woman to have to expose herself or use her beauty to attain wealth or stature.  In both of these turns, the speakers are discussing deeper societal and cultural implications rather than just the literal actions or events being described. They explore the meaning and significance of outlawing the hijab in France and the contrasting views on female vanity and societal expectations portrayed in the novel \"Madame Bovary.\" The actual meanings conveyed go beyond surface-level descriptions and delve into broader social, cultural, and philosophical discussions.","questions":"What is Flaubert trying to make a statement about in \"Madame Bovary\"?","answer":"Female"}
{"text":["That's right. There are a few things in particular that stood out in the early excerpts. I haven't had the chance to get my hands on the book yet. But a couple of things in particular. One is that Bannon talks about that infamous Trump Tower meeting in June of 2016 that featured Donald Trump Jr. , Jared Kushner, Paul Manafort and the meeting that they had with the Russian lawyer, who was offering dirt on Hillary Clinton. Bannon describes the meeting as treasonous, as unpatriotic. And he says that those three should've called the FBI immediately. A second thing is that he also says that there's no way - there's no way that Trump Jr.  didn't walk the Russians up one floor to the 26th floor of Trump Tower and introduce them to Trump himself.","We should explain that's his - he doesn't know that happened, but he just finds it inconceivable it didn't.","He doesn't offer any proof. He wasn't in the campaign at the time. But this would be important if true because Trump has denied any knowledge of the Russian overtures, any knowledge of Russian outreach. And it would - this would obviously contradict that. The last thing is that Bannon says that the investigation is going to focus on money laundering. There are indications that Mueller's team may indeed be looking at that. So a lot to digest there.","NPR's Ryan Lucas, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"he just finds it inconceivable it didn't.\" - The actual meaning of this turn is figurative, expressing Bannon's belief that it is highly likely that Trump Jr. introduced the Russians to Trump, rather than literally being unable to imagine the possibility of it not happening.","questions":"Which turn expresses Bannon's belief that it is highly likely that Trump Jr. introduced the Russians to Trump?","answer":"Inconceivable"}
{"text":["It was like a brick carriage house. Inside, there was just one room on the first floor and one room on the second floor, so it was an intimate house for a non-intimate family.","Her deep craving for intimacy would lead her to music. And it turns out the things Ani DiFranco wanted to say were exactly what a generation of women coming of age in the '90s wanted to hear.","(Singing) Squint your eyes and look closer. I'm not between you and your ambition. I am a poster girl with no poster. I am 32 flavors and then some.","Ani DiFranco talks about those early years in her new memoir. It's called \"No Walls And The Recurring Dream. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Her deep craving for intimacy would lead her to music. And it turns out the things Ani DiFranco wanted to say were exactly what a generation of women coming of age in the '90s wanted to hear.\" This turn is an example of a figurative language where the meaning is not literal. The words \"deep craving for intimacy\" do not refer to a physical or emotional hunger for intimacy but rather a desire to express oneself intimately through music. Likewise, the phrase \"lead her to music\" does not mean that music was a physical destination but rather a medium for self-expression.","questions":"How does the turn in PersonB's statement use figurative language?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["I think myself and Terrell Tilford and Addis Art Gallery, we started to create a wonderful sort of section and really watched the neighborhood change. You know, you change from the car repair shops and you get little cafes and so on. And, unfortunately, what happens with most artists is that you make a place more beautiful, and everybody puts the rent up.","So, off to the eastern outpost of Atwater Village, which had one gallery when I got there two years ago, which now has - it's about to open its seventh gallery. So, I think I've got a track record of bringing good stuff with me.","Tell us about the kind of artists you represent?","Well, one of the things - just before I do that, I think it also sort of represents your neighborhood as well because the clientele that comes in the door is considerably different. And so, I have now Armenians and Asians and Africans, and it's exactly how I pictured it in my mind. And it's coming true there.","The artists that I show are basically artists of the African Diaspora, number one. The fact that I am an Angelino, and I live in Los Angeles, I show Angelino artists, as well. If you happen to be an immigrant who lives in Los Angeles, and you're a fantastic artist, I am very happy to see your work as well."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The narrator can visualized the art like how all artists done. ","questions":"What kind of clientele does the narrator have in their art gallery?","answer":"Armenians"}
{"text":["But then again, the Southsider group from Los Angeles, which has essentially a lot of Latino members, will try to exercise dominance in the jails as a message to all African-Americans that there's more of us and we can dominate the situation in the jails and we're going to dominate the situations in the street.","We're talking with L. A.  County Sheriff Lee Baca. Sheriff, is there much difference, as far as racial issues are concerned, between inmates in, let's say, county jail as opposed to state or federal prisons, where the inmates are serving longer terms and there are more of them?","Well, there is a slight difference. You know, the transient nature of the county jails is that inmates have access to each other much easier than in a state prison system, and at the same time, the state prison system is a long-term incarceration and they're more calculated when they're going to do a hit. Whereas in a county jail, they can hit anytime and be spontaneous and virtually disrupt the entire environment in the jail without a real comprehensive plan. Whereas in state prisons, it's more calculated.","Now, in California, particularly in Los Angeles, we have talked a lot about the tensions between Latinos and blacks. We haven't said very much about tensions between blacks and whites or Latinos and whites. How much of that is there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is interested in learning about racial issues among inmates and whether there is a difference between county jails and state\/federal prisons.","questions":"Which group is trying to exercise dominance in the jails?","answer":"African-Americans."}
{"text":["Can anybody do this?And this being adopted and adapted by commercial industry?","Well, anybody with a little equipment could do it. The thing is, it's still not easy, and it's still really expensive because you can only make - right now they only know how to make really, really, really tiny amounts. But the big thing he was trying to show is you don't have to start with really expensive feed stocks, is the chemical term.","You can make this stuff from anything. So once people figure out their techniques a little bit better, the prospects for a huge drop in price are great. Now of course there are other problems with this stuff. There's not enough of it that people have figured a lot of the technical problems. Like if you make electronics from graphene, it has all these beautiful properties. But if you make them, you've got to connect them to wires.","And the connector problem, you know, just in a way it's a version of when you plug something into your computer, how do you connect it. How do you connect something to a sheet of carbon that's one atom thick so that it's reliable and does what you want it to?People are working on that. That's still a mystery."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : being adopted in this context means \"is something being used?\"","questions":"How expensive is it to make the material right now?","answer":"Expensive"}
{"text":["It is in both tinfoil and wax paper.","Oh, that's a good technique. You know, in San Francisco, they're really into the tinfoil wrapped, but a lot of people don't like that because it keeps the moisture in. It can get a little bit gooey or moist in unpleasant ways. So some people use wax paper but then, you know, the opposite can happen - it can dry out if you'll used tinfoil.","OK, so I understand that you have a scoring system. So walk me through this burrito. Let's dissect this thing.","OK, so I rate it on five criteria. The first category is the tortilla."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B: \"OK, so I understand that you have a scoring system. So walk me through this burrito. Let's dissect this thing.\" - \"Walk me through\" and \"dissect\" are being used figuratively to mean that B wants A to explain the burrito in detail, rather than literally walking through or cutting open the burrito.","questions":"What does PersonB want PersonA to do with the burrito?","answer":"Explain"}
{"text":["Yeah. So let's take Muslim China, you know, the western part of China - Uighur country. They use lamb, which they don't use in the rest of China, or very little. And their noodles are made from wheat. And they have bread. So that region has this food because of its religion and because of its proximity to Turkey.","The reason I called Anissa Helou is because of a dish I've been meaning to make for a long time. In her book, she has two versions - one from Egypt, one from Syria - a nutritious and simple meal made from beans that's perfect for Ramadan or for any time, really - ful medames, or simply ful.","Ful is a very filling dish. So if you ate ful at whatever hour, you could stay without eating anything or feeling very hungry for at least five, six hours.","Helou join me in my kitchen here in D. C.  via video chat to teach me how to make both the Egyptian and the Syrian recipes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Helou is teaching B how to make the Egyptian and Syrian versions of ful medames via video chat.","questions":"How is Helou teaching PersonB to make ful medames?","answer":"recipes"}
{"text":["(Laughter) Yeah. I don't think that it's a straight line from smoking marijuana to fanaticism or radicalization. But I do think that there's something that happens to boys becoming men that is a series of rites of passage and tampering or becoming involved with illicit drugs or having sex. Or any of these taboo things are some of these portals that kids go through, boys especially. And fanaticism to me, as I was witnessing it in a global way, was the last portal. And I wanted to write something that charted these transitions from just a little bit outside the line to a little bit more outside the line until finally there is no way back.","The Boston Marathon bombings are an important touchstone in this book. And they're felt personally by Alireza's friends in Laguna Beach.","That's something that I thought about a lot when I was sort of following the story of the Boston Marathon bombings and how it was to be Muslim in this country and to be a Muslim man in a place that's already slightly turned against you. But I imagined a situation in which someone in your very close community was affected by an act of terrorism, and you are of the Muslim family, what the ramifications would be like in that community.","And I took it a few steps further and then did research and found that it wasn't that uncommon for people who were related to, you know, Russian immigrants or children of Muslims or practicing Muslims to experience racism in high school afterwards. It tends to be that people are looking for someone to blame."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Boston Marathon bombings had a deep, personal impact on Alireza's friends in Laguna Beach.","questions":"What event affected Alireza's friends in Laguna Beach?","answer":"Bombings"}
{"text":["For political directive, sure.","Yeah. Yeah.","It's not Abraham Lincoln and his team of rivals.","They're like instruction manuals for how to run the government."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The political directive is not related to Abraham Lincoln or his team of rivals.","questions":"Which president is mentioned in the implied meaning of turn 2?","answer":"Abraham"}
{"text":["No, physically, we're - really pretty pathetic. Offhand, I cannot think of an animal which, if your size, let's say 150 pounds, that could not absolutely obliterate you in hand-to-hand or tooth-to-incisor combat. And our dominance in the world is all thanks to this trick of coming up with these codes that enable us to remember what happened yesterday or years ago. And it has a permanence that has a tremendous advantage (laughter). It has nothing to do with the theory of evolution.","Yeah. But you say that speech bedeviled Darwin as a matter of fact.","It did. He could not figure out what it was. He assumed because of his theory that everything evolved from animals, and he didn't even include it in his theory language until he decided that it came from our imitation of the cries of birds. And I think it's misleading to say that human beings evolved from animals. I mean, actually nobody knows whether they did or not. And there are very few physical signs, except for the general resemblance between apes and humans. The big evolution, if you want to call it that, is that this one species, Homo sapiens, came up with this ingenious trick, which is language.","Are you concerned, Mr.  Wolfe, or are you resolutely not concerned that people who don't believe in evolution for religious reasons, not scientific ones, are going to begin to cite your work as some kind of scientific proof?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the actual meaning is that speech was a difficult problem for Darwin to explain and understand, rather than speech causing trouble or vexation for Darwin, as the word \"bedeviled\" might suggest.","questions":"What was the problem that Darwin faced in understanding speech, as explained in turn (2)?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["A lot of destruction, complete devastation - the poultry barns, for example, some of those barns are completely gone. Where the hardest wind gusts hit, it was like Godzilla came and just pulled everything up from the ground. With the banana plantations, you know, you can see when the weakest palm trees fell and broke - when they started feeling the winds because they're leaning one way. And then when the hurricane changed direction, then you see the other one's going to the other side and broken. So you can see the power (laughter) that the hurricane had.","What are we looking at in terms of how quickly they can start working again?","It will depend on the crop. For example, the coffee growers - the arabica bean coffee was being harvested right now. So they're working hard to collect from the ground whatever's left so they can sell it in the market. So we're giving them working capital to be able to pay their payroll, and then we'll start planning for next year's harvesting because it's a one-year crop. On the other end, some of the papaya plantations - growers, they also have bananas and plantains. They have younger trees. So if they cut down the banana trees, in eight, nine months they'll be able to get on their feet.","What does this mean for Puerto Ricans and their access to food?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The hurricane caused severe destruction and devastation in the area.","questions":"What was the impact of the hurricane on the poultry barns?","answer":"Poultry"}
{"text":["Oh, my goodness, the crisis keeps deepening by the day. Yesterday, some of the parties called for a vote of no confidence. The chancellor, Sebastian Kurz, was hoping that he could get rid of Interior Minister Kickl, who has also been the center of several scandals himself during the course of the 18 months that they've been in government. The other ministers of Transport, Defense and Labor said, we're going to leave, too.","So you're describing all sorts of behind-closed-doors machinations going on here. But bottom line - as Austria prepares to go to bed tonight, Chancellor Sebastian Kurz is still in charge of the government, but he doesn't have much of a government now that his coalition has fallen apart.","Exactly.","How is this playing as you are out and about interviewing people on the streets of Vienna?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The government is in a state of crisis due to political machinations behind the scenes, but Sebastian Kurz is still in power despite losing his coalition.","questions":"What is the current state of Sebastian Kurz's government?","answer":"incharge"}
{"text":["And it all comes down really to these apple trees. The husband, James, is obsessed with apples, growing the sweet apples. She, Sadie, the mother, is - well, she's a drunk. She's looking for applejack. She likes the spitters - not the eaters - the spitters.","Yes, and Johnny Appleseed is a little bit like her drug dealer because he comes along twice a year in his canoe to see how they're doing. And he sometimes takes off the barrels of apples and brings them back pressed for them as cider. And, you know, I don't think he does it maliciously, but he is, as I said, he's a businessman. So he's got a slightly different take on it all.","And why don't you describe what Johnny Appleseed looks like in your novel as you paint him?","Actually, some of the myth is true. He did sometimes wear a tin pot for a hat. His clothing was interesting, shall we say?He often wore a coffee sack that he cut holes out of and a rope for a belt. So, yeah, he was a strange guy. He was actually making all this money, not for himself, but really because he was what they called a Swedenborgian, a very peculiar Christian sect. And Johnny Appleseed spent a lot of time proselytizing. And he'd go on this kind of rant, and a lot of the settlers - I read some hilarious accounts of them going, oh, this guy, we don't understand a word he's saying, but, you know, he's kind of entertaining, so he's harmless."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The author's portrayal of Johnny Appleseed's appearance highlights his eccentricity and unconventional ways, which contrast with his successful business dealings and religious beliefs.","questions":"Which characteristic of Johnny Appleseed's portrayal contrasts with his successful business dealings and religious beliefs?","answer":"Eccentricity"}
{"text":["Yeah, it's light and it's very dark at the same time, yeah.","Well, that's what you go for or what?","Yeah, you got to have a little bit of - a little bit of an edge, I think.","You have a woman in a classical gown looking out over the sea coast in the moonlight holding a lantern. The caption - night after night she watches the sea, longing for her husband's departure (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This is implying that A believes art should have an interesting or captivating element to it.","questions":"Which element of art does PersonA believe should be present according to the statement?","answer":"Captivating"}
{"text":["I think it's a story that can stick with you for many different reasons. If you leave a film, if you put down a book, and there is something that you didn't know before or something that has informed you about the world you live in that you care about but you didn't know before - if you can walk away from any kind of story with that, I think that's the goal of storytelling. I believe this is a film that does that.","And so that's what I love about this film - is it really has moved people. And it's become more, I think, socially important today than it was when we made it. There's been a lot more attention being given to Indigenous and Native American people within our country since we made the film. And there is also this whole epidemic that every day, we're learning more about men in power and sexual assault. And those are what this film is about in a very specific story.","Elizabeth Olson, speaking with us from Atlanta. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is \"Thank you for speaking with us from Atlanta.\"  The actual meaning is \"Thank you for your time and input.\"  ","questions":"How has the film become more socially important today?","answer":"Epidemic"}
{"text":["Well, it's a little more complicated than that. They have to then process the signals that they receive back from the ground. As you say, most of them come back from leaves. And I think, what, they handed you the disc and you flew it out and gave it to the computer guy.","Well, that's right. And in fact, it is very complicated. The LIDAR machine has inside it a highly classified thing called an IMU, an Inertial Measurement Unit that was developed for the military for use in guided missiles. And in order to get an export permit for the plane, the State Department required that the plane be guarded by armed soldiers at all times when it was on the ground because this is a very highly classified piece of equipment. Because it's important to locate the plane in the air in three dimensions as it's flying to within an accuracy of about a centimeter. I mean, that's incredible.","Mm-hmm. So you rushed this data off to the computer guy and he did his magic. How did you - what did you - when did you actually see the picture?","Well, I brought it back from that evening on the island of Roatan, and he processed it. He had to crunch the data. There was also data that had to come from Houston that had been collected by them, and all those had to be combined to make this map. And he was working till the wee hours of the morning making these maps. And then the Internet connection was down so he went to bed. His name is Michael Sartori, by the way. He was a really fascinating guy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : his magic implies he performed so skilfully and amazingly","questions":"How did the computer guy perform?","answer":"Magic"}
{"text":["When the novel \"Angels Make Their Hope Here\" begins the Civil War is not far off. It's 1849 and the U. S.  is riven by racial conflict. Inside the world of the novel a man named Duncan Smoot is about to save a young girl from slavery. Her name is Dossey - Dossey Byrd as he calls her. He brings her to Russell's Knob, a settlement in the New Jersey Highlands, that's a sort of idyllic interracial enclave where everyone is free and blacks and whites and Native Americans intermarry. This is the third work of historical fiction from Breena Clarke whose previous novel, \"River Cross My Heart,\" was a selection for Oprah's book club. Breena Clarke joins us now from our New York bureau. Thanks for being here.","Oh, well, I'm really happy to be here, Tamara. Thank you for having me.","I'd love for you to start by reading the description of Russell's Knob.","OK. The first building in the village was a small, stone house that sat like a muddy, brown bird hiding herself in dense foliage. Outsiders and casual climbers were meant to miss seeing the cleverly disguised house and the cut that led to the town. If you knew the cuts, you could find the town."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"sat like a muddy, brown bird hiding herself in dense foliage\" - The literal meaning is that the small, stone house was situated in a way that it resembled a bird blending in with the surrounding foliage. The figurative meaning could be interpreted as the house being intentionally hidden from outsiders and only visible to those who knew where to look.","questions":"Which house was compared to a bird hiding in dense foliage?","answer":"Small"}
{"text":["So - but they did these kits, which also are - each one of them is a box that contain a lot of evidence that could be tested. And so yes, we have a problem in this country with rape culture. You see that going on right now. It's never been more evident than it is now - rape culture, sexual harassment culture, all of that.","And so training was also needed. Back then, when we first started, we had found police reports in some files that we pulled where police officers were writing very disparaging things about our victims - not believing them, dismissing their cases, not bothering to work on them. And so that was a part of it as well - not just the neglect, not just no money but just active rape culture in play, where they just did not care.","Based on your expertise, this is happening in a number of cities and counties. Isn't it?","Yeah. There are estimated to be over 400,000 untested abandoned rape kits in this country. And I don't know if you're familiar with Michigan Stadium right here in our state. It seats over 100,000 people. When I tell people that the amount of untested kits in this country that they're estimated to be - you can fill up the biggest college or national football stadium in the country four times. And that's if each kit represents a victim - which it does - and you think of game day at Michigan Stadium four times over, that's how many we have in this country. And that's probably a conservative estimate. It is absolutely horrible. And hopefully, it is changing, albeit very slowly."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"writing very disparaging things about our victims - not believing them, dismissing their cases, not bothering to work on them.\"","questions":"Which action did the police officers take towards the victims?","answer":"Dismissed"}
{"text":["And did people confront you?","The Daily Stormer readers clearly thought it was me from the comments that were directed at me that very clearly said that I hope - Dean better hope he dies of natural causes before we get him, things like we should hang him from an elm tree. And in their comments, they clearly saw - thought I was a terrorist. And just so it's clear for people, The Daily Stormer is not your average white supremacist neo-Nazi publication, if there is such one. It is one where readers go to, they exchange information. They animate each other into action.","And readers of The Daily Stormer have committed acts of violence. James Jackson, who I wrote about that May 2017 article, came to New York in March from Maryland to start a race war and killed an elderly African American man and thankfully was arrested before he could kill others. And others have read this publication. So when they say confront you there, it's not a normal publication saying, go challenge his opinions. It is direct action, encouraging people to literally confront me and to commit acts of violence.","OK. But I'm just curious about why, if you feel that these people are promoting and fomenting violence, why isn't this a criminal matter as opposed to a civil matter?I mean, a civil matter is between two private parties, and the only consequence could be money, right?That's the only way it can be a remedy. But if you feel that this group is actually encouraging violence, why isn't this a criminal complaint?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Daily Stormer readers are not just exchanging information but also inciting each other to commit violent acts.","questions":"Which publication is not just exchanging information but also inciting readers to commit violent acts?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["Scott, I've never seen anything like this really in China. I've been in and out of here for close to 20 years. And so I was talking to this low-level manager, and he said officials here were getting kickbacks to approve coal mines and other businesses.","Yeah.","They were using shell companies to invest. So what they were basically doing was - they don't really care about the real economy. They were just looking for ways to profit. And so you sort of see this breakdown in the system where you've got the wrong incentives and corruption is driving a lot of this.","Have you been able to talk to people, Frank?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A \"kickback\" in this case refers to a bribe or some other incentive, no actual physical interaction is happening in reality.","questions":"What does \"kickback\" mean in this case?","answer":"Bribe"}
{"text":["Right. So X, for example, it's been estimated that costs of apparel and clothing for a family of four could go up by $500 if we put 25 percent tariffs on all remaining Chinese imports as has been threatened. If we not only raise the tariffs on this $200 billion to 25 percent but then go for the remaining 325 billion that haven't had tariffs on them yet, that hits everything - all food, all apparel. And it also hits things like technology and hardware.","We're talking about real money for American consumers. Negotiations do continue today. What do you expect to happen in them?","Well, I still think it's likely that we will get something that is called a deal by the end of June. I think it is more likely than not because President Trump, for political reasons, would also like to get a good deal. The stock market is going to have a strong response today against this. It's going to go down. He won't like that. And we're entering the political season in which he wants stability.","So I think a deal is more likely than not. But it will only be a brief hiatus in this long-term, contentious U. S. -China relationship."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"But it will only be a brief hiatus in this long-term, contentious U.S.-China relationship\" has a figurative meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning of the turn is that a deal between the US and China would only be a temporary break in their long-term, contentious relationship. However, the figurative meaning is that even if a deal is reached, the underlying tensions and issues between the two countries will remain and could resurface in the future.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of \"But it will only be a brief hiatus in this long-term, contentious U.S.-China relationship\"?","answer":"Underlying"}
{"text":["Winston Churchill, we always have to quote him once in a while, right?He said that jaw-jaw was better than war-war. And no matter how awful the war of words may get, it's only serious, really, if it leads to real war. And if North Korea is truly a nuclear power now, any thought of a military solution is somewhere between horrific and unthinkable.","And the Mueller investigation's widening?","We do see more evidence that the Mueller investigation thinks it has some kind of goods on Paul Manafort, former campaign chairman for Donald Trump. He also seems to think he can use whatever he has on Manafort to pry loose more stuff on other campaign figures. Is this going to reach the president himself?At this point, that does not seem to be indicated. But this probe is going to continue and get a lot more uncomfortable for the president before it's over.","NPR's Ron Elving. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Jaw-jaw is better than war-war meaning diplomacy is preferable to military conflict.","questions":"Which phrase did Winston Churchill use to express his preference for diplomacy over military conflict?","answer":"Jaw-jaw"}
{"text":["Hudson is confident that Broadway Federal Bank won't be harmed by the recent spate of bankruptcies and bailouts. Though the bank specializes in real estate and caters to minority investors, it never got caught up in the subprime mortgage game that has become the downfall of other banks.","In order to play in that game, you had to have large volumes and small margins, which has made mortgages like commodities. So the Countrywides, the WAMUs, the big mortgage companies, you would lose your shirt trying to compete with it. So, really, the small banks had to stand on the sidelines while a lot of money was being made by churning these loans and fees, and people were making huge amounts of money, banks were very profitable, and we weren't able to participate. But now, you know, the kind of like slow and steady feels very good right now.","Now, Hudson says he's starting to get a lot more calls from people who want to put their money in Broadway Federal.","Here's what used to happen in the old days. People would only put 100,000 dollars in Broadway because they knew that was the maximum FDIC insurance. They put a million dollars in Bank of America. They figured, well, I only - because Bank of America only has the same insurance as we do, only a 100,000. So they left 900,000 dollars uninsured because they said, well, that's Bank of America. I'm only worried about Broadway. I'm not worried about Bank of America."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Small banks were unable to compete with big mortgage companies in the subprime mortgage game, but now slow and steady feels good.","questions":"How did the small banks feel about competing with big mortgage companies in the subprime mortgage game?","answer":"Unable"}
{"text":["What else can you tell us about the suspected shooters?","The authorities have two suspects in custody right now, one 18-year-old man and another juvenile suspect. The 18-year-old was identified as Devon Erickson. He appeared in court earlier today wearing a red prison jumpsuit. He has shoulder-length hair dyed black and purple. The DA is asking for no bond to be set on him right now, but a hearing to file criminal charges against him is set for this Friday afternoon. The other alleged shooter is a 17-year-old person who was also in court today. Parents of the student who died, Kendrick Castillo - they were present at the hearing today as well.","Have authorities said anything about - of the motive behind the shooting?","Right now they're still investigating, and they haven't said whether there was a clear motive or not."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B is asking for more information about the suspects","questions":"Which suspect had hair dyed black and purple?","answer":"18-year-old"}
{"text":["You can never protect someone by stripping them of their rights. The premise is that unless California lawmakers become complicit in denying California athletes equal rights, then somehow those players will be harmed. And that's just a false premise.","And before we let you go, do you feel like you're making headway?Like, you know, part of the reason you got started with this - you were a former UCLA football player yourself. You saw the NCAA suspend your teammate for accepting a bag of groceries when he had no food. You know, you've seen a lot over the course of time that you've been working on this. And I'm just wondering if you feel like your arguments are making headway. Are people starting to take the questions around how college athletes are treated more seriously?","I do think there's progress. Not as fast as I would like - you know, you look at the multi-year scholarships are now available, the name, image and likeness lawsuit from Ed O'Bannon that resulted in stipends. There's still a ways to go. Let's put it that way. But I do think there's reform. I think a lot of key people are listening, especially lawmakers.","That is Ramogi Huma. He is the founder and executive director of the National College Players Association, an organization founded to advocate for college athletes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Reform for college athlete treatment is progressing slowly, but key people are listening.","questions":"What is progressing slowly for college athletes?","answer":"reform"}
{"text":["OK. So it's clear that this poll is showing there is broad support out there for at least some changes. So how much guidance should Congress take from a poll like this to do something?","Well, you know, whether Congress will do anything actually is very much up in the air. And there's a real sense of urgency for Congress to act, especially among Democrats and some Republicans, after this summer because we saw so many mass shootings. . .","Right.",". . . I mean - Dayton, El Paso, Odessa, Texas. But here's the thing. This all comes down to President Trump. Congressional Republicans are not going to take a risk passing anything that could be seen by groups like the NRA as anti-gun, unless President Trump comes out and gives them political cover, which he hasn't yet. And Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell is not exactly going to bring anything to the floor unless he knows that President Trump is definitely going to sign this. And it's kind of risky of a move for Republicans if they don't come out for these things because, you know, the NRA was outspent for the first time in 2018 by groups that want to see these restrictions in place."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Congressional Republicans won't pass the bill unless the President makes sure they will not be hurt politically.","questions":"How does the passage suggest Republicans will only pass the bill?","answer":"Political"}
{"text":["Do you have to be a certain kind of person in order to do this and do it well and get satisfaction from it?","You know what?I don't think so. I think that it could just be anybody. Anybody that genuinely wants to - that inner feeling of just feeling complete and feeling loved, basically. When you feel the love with - inside, then ultimately, it's easier to kind of give to other people and to do this type of work, and I think it's a component that we're all built with.","You've done it for ten years, can you do it for ten more?","Absolutely. Absolutely."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : You have done this challenging job for 10 years so do you have the energy\/desire to do it for 10 more?","questions":"Which number turn mentions the duration of time the person has been doing the job?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["He was.","He wrote many articles in magazines and newspapers, so I guess you could see where he might get carried away a little bit. He was popularizing science to come up with something maybe that was sort of like Einstein said, a little literary license maybe.","Yeah. Einstein regretted having put the term in, but he didn't use those precise words. And this became interesting to me because this is almost Einstein's most quoted phrase. So you know, it was interesting to see has he actually used those words.","Yeah. That is quite interesting. Let's talk about another strange fact that's in your book. You write that Vladimir Nabokov, the author of \"Lolita\" and \"Pale Fire,\" actually came up with a scientific theory about butterflies at one point."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He did not just get carried away but he exaggerated his claims.","questions":"What did he do with his claims?","answer":"Exaggerated"}
{"text":["Well, in short, yes, sort of. This river is high because of extreme rain. So when it rains here now, it rains more than it used to in the past. And that's in line with what we would see under climate change conditions. The National Climate Assessment predicts that when it rains, it's going to rain more in the future because warmer air can hold more moisture.","And actually, already, we're seeing that in the Midwest and along the East Coast. Sometimes 50% more rain is falling in a single rain event than used to earlier this century. I hear a lot of flood plain managers use the word unprecedented. It's the kind of rain that we just haven't seen in the past.","What does this mean for places in the Midwest and South?","Well, there's a lot of stress on infrastructure that really was not built to hold this. So all along the river, along rivers like this, there are levees. And in places like this, they were actually built to make sure there's enough water for barges to ship things down the river. They really were not designed to hold back floodwater at all, and they really weren't designed to hold back this amount of water for this long."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Levees were not built to handle current floodwater levels","questions":"What were the levees not designed for?","answer":"Floodwater"}
{"text":["Same for the rap charts and also pop. I mean, you said that this is a city that has an impact on black music. You know, Atlanta has made black music popular music. These are artists that are on the Hot 100, the biggest songs in the country. So, I am very hopeful.","Dee Dee, same thing.","Right. For me, you know, I look at the new emerging talents like Jazzpects and Hollywierd and Proton. You know, I see a whole new 'nother birth of musicians coming up, and again, just being on the live music scene last night, I was at the Smith's Olde Bar to see Anthony David and Jazzpects and Redlands and Proton and Yellow Wolf, which are all underground artists that are stemming away from the norm.","Jazzpects is fusing hip-hop and jazz. And Yellow Wolf, on the total opposite the spectrum, is a white rapper that is - he has a group called the Dixie Mafia that is a really, really - he is an excellent rapper, that is fusing a lot of the blue grass and country and, you know, middle-America stuff with hip-hop."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Yellow Wolf is blending bluegrass and country with hip-hop","questions":"Which artist is fusing bluegrass and country with hip-hop?","answer":"Yellow-Wolf"}
{"text":["No. OK. The regime have been mistaken for certain things. We used to have corruption. It's not new. Everybody knows that. But most of the Syrians think that the corruption and the mistakes the regime have, it's not to be correct this way.","This way meaning. . .","Destroying the country, killing people.","What do you think about the regime killing Syrian civilians and perhaps with chemical weapons?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The regime has been causing damage to the country and harming innocent people.","questions":"What has the regime been doing to the country and innocent people?","answer":"harming"}
{"text":["Yeah.","I love salt.","You didn't see that coming. (Laughter) You love salt.","I totally didn't.","That's an essential mineral."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implicated meaning: A is teasing or mocking B for not realizing that B loves salt. The phrase \"You didn't see that coming\" implies that B's love for salt was unexpected or surprising.","questions":"How did PersonA react to PersonB's love for salt?","answer":"Laughter"}
{"text":["We normally surveyed the coastline up and down the West Coast. The second year, we went to a joint ocean adventure, the Indian Ocean expedition. And there I went to the Philippines, Jakarta, Malaysia, Singapore, India, West Ceylon, which is now Sri Lanka, Penang, Midway, all of the ports between California and India and back.","You also learned to do karate while you were on that ship, right?","I hung out with a bunch of guys from the Islands, Hawaiian guys, and that's where I first heard of Ed Parker. And I started talking to him and the philosophy and how they had to take care of themselves, and we would punch the metal sidings around the quarter deck to toughen up our hands. And of course, they showed me a few things. Why I got started, I was with a bunch of Hawaiian guys, and we were on Waikiki, and there was a little Chinese guy that didn't sail with us, but a couple of - I guess mainlanders were bothering him. And he tried to walk away several times, and they caught up with him. And then it was like, in a flash, and it was over with. All these guys were like on the ground, and I said, what was that?And that was, of course, some kung fu. And Ed Parker teaches kung fu on the streetside.","And Ed Parker went on to become one of the best-known names in martial arts."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A learned karate from Ed Parker during his ocean adventure.","questions":"Which martial art did PersonA learn from Ed Parker during his ocean adventure?","answer":"Kungfu"}
{"text":["Well, thereafter, we may be singing Christmas carols in the Capitol. It's brinksmanship, of course. They're just trying to get everybody focused and trying to get everybody to actually vote for the basic spending bills, get Congress to do their routine business. It's not routine, though, because Republican leaders can't get enough of their members to vote for spending bills. So they need Democratic votes to get the bills across the finish line. And those come with a price tag, including, for example, the issue of the DREAMers, the. . .","Yeah.",". . . People who were brought here by their parents when the parents came to the country illegally.","And how do they breach the differences between the House and Senate bills, when the promises some Republican Senate leaders made to get the votes of, say, Susan Collins of Maine and Jeff Flake of Arizona, seem to be no longer - are not contained in the House version?And the House leaders say nope, we're not going to have them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : seem to be no longer - are not contained in the House version?And the House leaders say nope, we're not going to have them,\" respectively.","questions":"How do Republican House leaders respond to the promises some Republican Senate leaders made?","answer":"Nope"}
{"text":["Obviously, everything in this book is something that I concluded is accurate and true. That's a process of, do I trust my source?No. 1. And then I, you know, like to hear it a couple of times.","I'm thinking of the famous Watergate stories by Woodward and Bernstein. It was said that their standard was they wanted to hear two sources. Was that your standard?Anything in here is by two sources?","Most everything in here is either by multiple sources or, in some cases, by someone I absolutely trust.","Does the president talk to you anymore?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A relies on multiple sources to ensure accuracy, unlike Watergate reporters who required two sources","questions":"Which reporters required two sources?","answer":"Woodward"}
{"text":["Yeah, just a little.","(Laughter).","Did the Roy Moore allegations come far enough before the election to swing the vote?Or are people just not telling pollsters the truth because it's a loaded subject?","Well, I think that Roy Moore was already pretty unpopular with a certain part of the Republican electorate in Alabama. So he has solid support among people who have known him for years and like what he's doing. But if you're a Republican who voted for Luther Strange, who was his primary opponent, you might be making the choice of, do I sit at home, or do I go out and vote for Doug Jones?","And I think what'll really, you know, end up swinging the election are these Republican voters who really just find what Moore did a bridge too far. They already didn't like him. And now this is just beyond the pale for them. So I do think, you know, in the polling average, it's not great for for Roy Moore at all. So we might definitely see a change. And I think Alabama being rated a toss-up is kind of a crazy thing to see. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that the Voters who had two options of sitting at home during the election or they vote for Luther who is considered to be a clown than to vote for the unpopular Roy Moore.","questions":"How did some Republicans who voted for Luther Strange feel about Roy Moore during the election?","answer":"dislike"}
{"text":["Struggling yes, and because our ballots were delivered late this time. There was a delay in approval from the State Board of Elections which affected everybody in the state really. Consequently, the printer had to work all weekend to get the absentee ballots to us and he walked in about two o'clock yesterday afternoon. So then of course we had three volunteers yesterday afternoon folding those eight and a half by fourteen ballots and putting them in the - in a sealed envelope that then goes in the pack that we had previously prepared.","We've been hearing that there is a big increase in the number of people who want to vote early this year about a third of all voters nationwide. Are you seeing that where you are, an increase?","Well we don't have early voting in Virginia in the same sense that North Carolina for instance does. In Virginia you have to have a reason, one of the reasons listed on the absentee application for needing to vote absentee.","What are those reasons?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In Virginia, it is difficult to vote early without a valid reason","questions":"What is the voting process like in Virginia?","answer":"Limited"}
{"text":["And then the women also said they wanted their jacket to look like that. They wanted to wear a male tie, which is unusual. Usually women wear, like, kind of a little crosshatch-looking tie. But they wanted to wear a long, male tie. And they wanted a pencil skirt.","Were the women and the men in the military polled about this?","Yeah. From different ranks, they had people come in and look at the uniforms or hats, you know, sent the prototypes to them and said, what do you like?Is this comfortable?And what would you like to see?","So they get some sartorial input."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The women wanted to wear a male tie and pencil skirt, which is unusual for women's clothing.","questions":"What did the women want to wear that is not typically worn by women?","answer":"tie"}
{"text":["Jeffrey Mann was once a hard driving college athlete. But his dreams were dashed when he suffered a series of injuries. He managed to make it to the conference finals in the 400-meter hurdle race, but came in dead last. Twenty-five years later, he decided that failure was not an option. Jeffrey Mann is a religion professor at Susquehanna University in Pennsylvania. And when we spoke with him, post-race, he told us his return to the track wasn't exactly by design.","It wasn't really planned. I had been exercising and working out and doing a little bit of running on my own. And I ended up in a conversation with the head coach, here, of the track team. And as we were talking, he found out a little bit about my history and where I was at and told me that there was a possibility for me to compete in a Division III intercollegiate competition.","But that sounds theoretical. You took it seriously.","I think I was a little bit overly optimistic when I first accepted the challenge. But I thought how much could I possibly have slowed down in 25 years?And so I decided to take on the challenge and compete as a - what they call an unattached runner at a college meet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"ended up\" in (2) means that the person did not plan to do something, but it happened anyway. ","questions":"How did the conversation with the head coach lead to the possibility of competing in a Division III intercollegiate competition?","answer":"Conversation"}
{"text":["Well, one last question about this because there is speculation that this weather may be due to the loss of ice during the summertime at the polar region. Is there any evidence for that being the trigger?","No, that has a lot of other dramatic effects on our climate, but for stratospheric warming events, what we're looking at are very large systems, such as the one that was off of the northeast coast of Japan. Also it's been correlated to sunspot activity. So that's kind of a factor that doesn't affect the troposphere so much, but it does involve some (unintelligible) content action in the stratosphere. So we're seeing a correlation between a solar activity and then these big, very unstable systems late in the season like we saw off the northeast coast of Japan.","All right, well, people always blame stuff on sunspots, so. . .","That's right, it's hard to prove them wrong."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Trigger implies that it is the cause of what happened in the polar region","questions":"What is the speculation regarding the cause of the weather in the polar region?","answer":"Loss-of-ice"}
{"text":["I stopped the clocks because, A - my contract was running out, and, yes, I am eligible for retirement 'cause I'm 72 now. But the hand-wound ones, they're big cast iron weights. If the weights, when they run out, fell over, it would take three men to reconnect all the wires going through the pulleys and things, so it was on a safety grounds that I stopped them.","Why did you stop both hands at 12?","Well, I stopped them at 12 o'clock because every time I get a clock on my working license, and my father-in-law before me, people seem to think, oh, that clock is at 12 o'clock. And they look at their watch or something, and they'll say, oh, it's stopped. Whereas if I left it at any time, they don't seem to pick it up quick enough.","Well, Mr.  Mitchell, may I ask, are there a lot of other people doing a job like yours or is that number dwindling these days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"are there a lot of other people doing a job like yours or is that number dwindling these days?\" The literal meaning of \"doing a job like yours\" is performing a similar occupation. However, the actual meaning is whether there are still many people employed as clock repairers or if the profession is declining.","questions":"What is the actual meaning of \"doing a job like yours\" in turn 3?","answer":"Clockrepair"}
{"text":["I think his great forte is understanding the problems that we face. He's had great experiences. You know, he was raised - a good part of his youth was in France. He speaks French fluently and understands Europeans quite well, and his being the Allied commander in Europe was absolutely a perfect fit. And he can expand that in giving advice in problems, literally, all over the world.","I read that James Jones went to Georgetown University, where he played basketball. Do you have any sensed of maybe whether he and President-elect Obama might discuss security issues over a game of hoops?","I wouldn't doubt it. President-elect Obama would also find he's a competitor. That ought to be an interesting basketball game.","Congressman Ike Skelton of Missouri. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : President-elect Obama and James Jones may engage in an exciting basketball game because both are competitive, not just because they will discuss security issues.","questions":"How might President-elect Obama and James Jones's basketball game be described?","answer":"Interesting"}
{"text":["It doesn't really seem to be dominating conversation here. I mean, there is an Israeli election coming up, and Netanyahu's opponents are using this to kind of accuse him of flip-flopping. But I think it really shows that, as Netanyahu faces reelection next month, he needs Trump's support. Trump tweeted that he didn't want to see these congresswomen going there, and I think a lot of Israelis see that as Netanyahu bowing to Trump's will.","That's NPR's Daniel Estrin in Tel Aviv.","Thanks, Daniel.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : bowing to someones will means to give in to what they want, in this case people are giving into trump","questions":"How are Israelis perceiving Netanyahu's actions towards Trump's will?","answer":"bowing"}
{"text":["Her fencing tutor, when she is 13, makes her his mistress. Julie says he gave everything I desired and quite a few things I hadn't known existed. Oh, my word.","(Laughter) He was her father's boss. And he was one of the great nobleman of France at the time, a very, very powerful man. And all of a sudden, she was the very young mistress and was moved into Paris so that he could keep her separate from his wife, but she wanted more. And so very quickly she got bored and she ran off with her fencing master.","Yeah. There's a lot of fencing in this book. As soon as I say that, I realize metaphorical but also actual fencing in this book.","Well, I used to fence as a kid. It's one of the reasons I know about her. I fenced all through school and college, but I have to say that I'd - when I'm writing the fencing scenes, I do jump out of my chair and grab a foil - I've still got my old swords - and I act out the scenes for myself just to make sure that they make sense."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (Laughter) He was her father's boss. And he was one of the great noblemen of France at the time, a very, very powerful man. And all of a sudden, she was the very young mistress and was moved into Paris so that he could keep her separate from his wife, but she wanted more. And so very quickly she got bored and she ran off with her fencing master.  The implied meaning here is that the phrase \"very young mistress\" suggests a romantic and possibly sexual relationship between the man and the young woman. It implies that she became involved with him as a lover or partner, rather than solely as a student of fencing.","questions":"Which relationship did the young woman have with the powerful man?","answer":"Mistress"}
{"text":["Last year, Lolita De Sola made a hard decision; she left her home country and fled north to Mexico City. Because of the move, De Sola was able to release her first album, \"Cattleya. \"She felt she had to leave Venezuela. Her work there, her life was becoming impossible.","When you have a dictatorship or crisis, the first thing that goes away is culture because you need more food, you need more basic stuff, first, then culture.","Today's Venezuela, on the brink of collapse with President Nicolas Maduro refusing to give up power and the prospect of international intervention, with millions of people leaving the country and others so desperate for food they are eating from the trash, this is not the Venezuela Lolita De Sola remembers and longs for.","When I was little, honestly, it was magical. Now I realize how privileged I was to grow up in a place like Venezuela because it's beautiful. Caracas is a valley where you have the mountains and, in half hour, you have the beach. Also you have, like, amazing food. You have perfect weather. And honestly, I like a lot - my childhood - in that sense because I realized that Venezuelans right now don't have the same that I did."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : When you have a dictatorship or crisis, the first thing that goes away is culture because you need more food, you need more basic stuff, first, then culture.\" The literal meaning is that during times of crisis, people prioritize their basic needs like food over cultural activities. ","questions":"Which aspect of life is prioritized over culture during a crisis?","answer":"food"}
{"text":["That's even better than the Dwight Clark catch in the - with San Francisco 49ers.","Yeah. Yeah. Oh, yeah. Absolutely. I mean, you know, last year you had, you know, (unintelligible) catching, you had the miracle catch you know by a throw. . .","By David Tyree. But that was kind of a weird that was - the helmet catch, you're talking about.","The helmet catch (laughing). But this was just - I mean, it was perfect, Tony. It was perfect form, the toes and - had it been a millisecond higher, he wouldn't have been able to get anything down. I just think that from Roswell Berger's(ph) throw and hosing the ball, the extra tenth of a second, it - right now that's the most perfect ending play in Super Bowl history."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The ball that was thrown was caught and it could only have been a miracle due to how and when in the game it was thrown.","questions":"Which catch is being compared to the Dwight Clark catch?","answer":"Helmet"}
{"text":["Do you believe the United States has a moral obligation to accept people who, for whatever reason, find that they can no longer live in their home country?I mean, over the past couple of years in particular, you've heard Republicans say, time and again, America can't be the solution to every person's problems. How do you respond to that?","I think we have a moral obligation to do our part, which isn't to say we should take every persecuted person in the world. We can't do that. But we can do far more than we are doing at the moment.","And our laws - going back to language that was drafted in the days after World War II when, collectively, most of the world felt pretty awful about the way we turned Jewish refugees fleeing the Nazi government away - we adopted laws that said if you reach the United States and you have a well-founded fear of persecution for one of these particular reasons under the law, we won't send you back. And I think we do have a - both a moral and a legal obligation to respect that.","And this country has a history of refugee resettlement that is a beautiful part of our heritage. It's - the Statue of Liberty - that sonnet from Emma Lazarus that says, give me your poor, your teeming masses yearning to breathe free. I'm not saying take the whole of the world's refugees. But last year, when we actually ended up taking fewer than 23,000 refugees, that was less than one-tenth of 1% of the more than 25 million refugees in the world."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to adopt laws means to make new laws","questions":"What historical event prompted the drafting of language that was adopted as laws by the United States?","answer":"WorldWarII"}
{"text":["It probably depends on what chapter you're reading at the time. It's probably all of those things!I don't know who decides what goes into what box or what bin or what shelf, you know. For me, it's just about finding a character, finding a story, following, I guess, my heart at what I'm working on at the moment. And it just kind of falls, you know, wherever it may out there after that, you know.","There's been a lot of attention to the whole idea of street lit. And Zane, who's an erotica writer, extremely popular, sells a ton of books. A lot of people are like, well, she just can't write, but there's a lot of sex in it. And there's also a question that some people have raised about whether or not it is good for the race to have books that are explicit about black sexuality out there. So. . .","What race?The human race?","The black race. The black race. And so I bring this up because so often when people, you know, just as you mentioned, the distinctions between the way some people will look at female sexuality and male sexuality and what it's like to have a track record and whether that makes you a bad person. You know, people also look at these distinctions by race and say, oh well, black people are oversexed. That's some people stereotyping. Are you ever afraid that by doing work like this that you're, you know, I don't know, playing into a stereotype?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Some people stereotype black people as oversexed, and the speaker is afraid that their work might reinforce this stereotype.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about potentially reinforcing a stereotype through their work?","answer":"Stereotype"}
{"text":["When we had a transfer of presidencies in this country, when Barack Obama came in four years ago and George W.  Bush got aboard the helicopter and left town, well, George W.  Bush has pretty vanished from the American political leadership. He wrote a book, did pretty well with that. I gather he gives some speeches, but he plays no great part in the American political system. Bill Clinton has been playing a little bit more in this election.","But in the meantime, Mr.  Hu Jintao on his way out - really, on the way out?He will be a member of the Standing Committee. He's not going to be president. He's not going to be chairman of the party anymore, but?","He still may have a pretty strong role in the military. There's also the former president of China, who I covered back in the '90s, named Jiang Zemin who's from Shanghai. He has been front and center at the Party Congress. He's been out and about. He's in his mid-80s. He's playing role in terms of lining up who's going to take over. There's a lot of horse trading, but it's very, very opaque. And the average Chinese person really doesn't have any sense of where it's heading.","So you're getting this new generation of younger leaders, but the gerontocracy, the old leaders, behind the scenes, they're still playing a role."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : George W. Bush has disappeared from American politics despite writing a book and giving speeches.","questions":"Which former U.S. president is mentioned in the statement?","answer":"George"}
{"text":["No, no, I worked with John, he had already come here, and I worked with John, and then I went to Bell and worked with John Moll and then later was in the Army in a group they won't let me talk about too much, it was an intelligence group in Japan.","And then when I got out, I was six years at GE, and that's where this happened. And then I had a fantastic colleague there, Bob Hall. Bob's getting a little bit old, but he was a stalwart figure. He would've been the next Nobel Prize I would've given in the semiconductor field.","But I had access, you're right, to some of the very, very best people that were pioneers.","It must have been very exciting during those times."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Bob Hall was a great colleague and could have won a Nobel prize","questions":"How was Bob Hall described by A?","answer":"great"}
{"text":["I was struck by a phrase in Chris Arnold's piece about the dollar being the bedrock currency for much of the world. Is that jeopardized?","Very much so. Treasury debt is the only risk-free asset in the world. It undergirds the world's financial system, it's in everybody money market's funds. You know, China, among many other countries, buys Treasury bills like crazy - over a trillion dollars. So, if you'd have to start factoring in risk, even if it's political risk, into our debt, you know, two things happen. The rest of the world becomes less enchanted with buying it, and our interest payments - what the government has to pay to issue that debt will rise substantially.","Can I get you to play out your scenario about what happens if October 17 comes and there's no agreement?","I don't think that much will happen on October 17th. I think there's a little wiggle room. What happens on October 17th is the government loses its borrowing authority and it can only pay out the cash it has on hand. However, if we got to the end of the month and the United States missed a bond payment, I believe that you would have an event that is three, four, five, six times worse than the Lehman Brothers of five years ago. Because the banks rely on treasuries to trade with each other overnight. That's how they fund themselves. And if you take away trust in the financial system or U. S.  debt, it will be cataclysmic. The banks will freeze up. There will be no borrowing. It'll be like Lehman. The stock market will go down. It has the potential to be a true out-and-out disaster."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Risk-free asset\" does not mean that there is no risk involved. Instead, it means that the asset is perceived as having a lower level of risk compared to other assets.","questions":"How does Treasury debt differ from other assets in terms of risk perception?","answer":"Perception"}
{"text":["There are supporters of President Trump's - not necessarily card-carrying Republicans, but some - who look at Barack Obama and say just the fact that he existed, that he was president of the United States, made America more divided. Do you agree with that?","I actually think it polarized Americans because it allowed people to spread this false notion that, look, you have a black president. This black president is a representation of people of color taking over. And when people of color take over, they're going to ruin white lives. Even though the evidence showed that he and others like him were actually creating equal opportunity, were actually making, in certain ways, the lives of white people better. But it allowed people to manipulate Americans into believing that the problem, that the reason why they were struggling was because of black politicians or Latinx immigrants. And then it said to those very people, I will be your savior.","By your definition, is Donald Trump a racist?","Without question. And in many ways, he embodies nearly every aspect of a racist. He's someone who regularly expresses racist ideas, like Latinx immigrants are invading this country, that Mexicans are animals, that black people live in hell, that their communities are infested. But then he simultaneously is supporting policies that specifically target racial groups. We're seeing what's happening at the southern border. We see the ways in which his policies, he's not seeking to protect black people being killed by police. We can see the Muslim ban."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They don't actually carry a card but they are very committed to the republican party.","questions":"How would you describe the supporters of President Trump mentioned by B?","answer":"Committed"}
{"text":["Diddley first began performing on street corners, and by 1951, he'd lined up a regular spot at the 708 Club. He also took on the name Bo Diddley, which some say is a play on the Southern slang for the term, nothing at all.","In 1955, Diddley found his way into a recording studio and recorded the song \"Bo Diddley. \"That song became a number one hit for Chess records. \"Hey, Bo Diddley\" and \"Who Do You Love?\"followed.","(Singing) I walked 47 miles of barbed wire. I Used a cobra snake for a neck tie. I got a brand new house on the roadside. Made from rattlesnake hide. I got a brand new chimney made on top. Made out of a human skull. Now come on, take a little walk with me Arlene and tell me, who do you love?","Who do you love?Who do you love?Who do you love?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies the days of humble beginning of Bo Diddley in the music industry.","questions":"What was Bo Diddley's regular spot in 1951?","answer":"708Club"}
{"text":["So ultimately, it ended up ruining my life in every capacity. It's affected my health, my family, my emotional and mental well-being and, ultimately, even jobs. You know, I've been offered all these amazing jobs of a lifetimes that I fought really hard to get and I beat out other candidates for. And each time the job would be offered to me, it would then be retracted because of my connection to Jeffrey Epstein.","So that's what led me to finally come forward because I had just reached a point where I was like, you know, this man was out buying second islands and second airplanes just to show off while I was struggling to feed myself and couldn't even get myself a good job because of him, you know?","Right. How did you feel when you found out about Epstein's death?","It was definitely not a good moment. And it's still not, you know?Even every single time I hear those words, there's a certain amount of anger that shoots through my blood that I can't explain."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Jeffrey Epstein was wealthy and showing off while I was struggling to feed myself","questions":"Which emotion shoots through the PersonA's blood when they hear about Epstein's death?","answer":"Anger"}
{"text":["Yes.","What is it like coming and finding a place in New York's theater world?Because it can be very tough to even get a little purchase in it, but it sounds like you have found a place with your off-Broadway version of the play that's very comfortable and fulfilling.","Well, it is definitely - yeah, I have to admit, I wish I could sit here and say I knew it was going to happen this way. I was nervous waiting for that New York Times review to come out. You know what that's like. You know, it was like, OK, you know, am I going to get the theater gods' blessing?Because New York it is what it is; it's the Big Apple. It's the biggest theater market in the world. If you can make it, here you can make it anywhere.","So, this feels really good to have, you know, not just the approval from the critics, but just be able to, you know - I shake everyone's hand who buys the ticket every time I perform my show. I stand at the door as people leave the theater; I shake their hand and look them in the eyes and say thank you. So, I really feel like just because the reviews are great, I still know that it's reaching people, and that's what's important to me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The approval of the audience is more important than the reviews.","questions":"How does the speaker prioritize the audience over the critics?","answer":"important"}
{"text":["Well, that's the thing. Three areas we've looked at - covering about 55 square miles of the jungle - target one, target two and target three. And the first one was target one, and we found these all these archeological features. They covered hundreds of acres, maybe even thousands of acres, and this is gigantic. And then they moved on to target two, and they marked that, and then they moved on to target three. And target three showed even more striking features.","And we've - an archaeologist has been looking at them and a guy named Chris Fisher, who is an archaeologist at the Colorado State University, who's an expert on LIDAR, and he tells us that there is a city in T3 that is comparable in area to the city of Copan. It's absolutely enormous. The track is two square - five square kilometers.","And if these valleys are so remote, how did these civilizations develop in this unforgiving area?","Well, that's the thing. We're only now starting to realize that this so-called virgin or impenetrable jungle in prehistoric times was anything but. It was very heavily settled. There were many thousands of people living in these areas, and it wasn't virgin jungle. It was more like a tended garden. They cleared huge areas for farming. They terraced. They built irrigation canals. They built roads. They built enormous pyramids and structures."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The jungle wasn't as untouched as originally believed and was heavily populated in prehistoric times.","questions":"How was the jungle in prehistoric times?","answer":"Settled"}
{"text":["Is there any such thing as truly pure water from any source, bottled or tap?","Well, it's called distilled water, sure. It ends up actually not tasting very good. It's funny actually - for Aquafina and Dasani and actually the major bottled water brands, that's actually tap water that is passed through very fine filters. It's called reverse osmosis. And then the water actually is too clean to taste good. So, in the industry they call it pixie dust - they put some minerals actually back into the water to improve the taste.","So, clean water tastes bad.","Well, I mean, what's clean water, right?I mean, the water that we have out of our tap is clean. The water that we have out of bottled water is clean, right?The question is do you want water that has no contaminants in it all, which would be distilled, or water that's safe to drink?And the fact is we could certainly treat water if we wanted to, to the point where there's nothing in it, but we wouldn't be willing to pay the cost."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"So, clean water tastes bad.\" The speaker is not suggesting that clean water always tastes bad, but rather making a statement based on the previous speaker's explanation that excessively purified water (i.e. distilled water) can have a less appealing taste. The implied meaning is that excessively purified water can have a less appealing taste, not that all clean water tastes bad.","questions":"Which word describes the quality of water that is excessively purified?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["Don't mean to put you on the spot, but what's the best ballpark food you've had in the U. S. ?","I am not that adventurous, to be honest, when it comes to ballpark food. I had a mac and cheese hotdog with bacon on last night, which blew my mind. I just couldn't believe that that was something that someone created.","Forgive me. It's going to blow more than your mind (laughter).","Yeah. It was a lot to take on, and it was pretty messy, but I enjoyed it a lot."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : what they meant is that it's going to impress their brains later","questions":"What did they think the mac and cheese hotdog with bacon was going to do to \"A's\" mind?","answer":"impress"}
{"text":["I loved her tuna fish sandwiches, her spaghetti and meatballs. . .","Yeah, the tuna fish sandwiches, you write, she put pickle juice in them, you know, just gave it something a little bit different.","And to stretch it out as well, and that's the way I make it. My daughter loves it. That was my first experience of food, but I have great memories of the stuff I love that she made.","The big character though in this book, overarching, I think, everything, at least in the beginning, is a - is South Boston, Southie. It seems to be a fundamental part of who you are. Tell us about Southie."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  B: \"The big character though in this book, overarching, I think, everything, at least in the beginning, is a - is South Boston, Southie. It seems to be a fundamental part of who you are. Tell us about Southie.\"  The literal meaning of B's words is that the setting of the book is South Boston, and that this is an important part of the story. However, the implied meaning is that the setting is more than just a location, but rather a character in its own right, with its own personality and influence on the other characters.","questions":"Which setting is portrayed as a character in its own right?","answer":"South-Boston"}
{"text":["And finally, I was going to ask you about that - this - are there other steps that Mexico is trying to take or would like to take to stop this flow of migrants through their country?","Well, the actual border between Guatemala and Mexico is an obvious place if they want to stop people coming through that they could block access. And having more agents down here, whether they're national guard or someone else, I mean, would certainly result in more detentions of migrants. Really, the question right now and the thing that I'm seeing is that the local immigration detention center here is at more than double capacity right now.","So there is definitely a question - if Mexico really does step up the number of migrants it stops here, does it have the resources to take care of them?And then, for those who need protection - those fleeing persecution - do they have the ability and the willingness to protect those people?","That is reporter James Frederick on the Mexican side of the Guatemala-Mexico border. He's actually about 30 miles north of the border at the moment."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Blocking access to the border between Guatemala and Mexico would be an effective way to stop migrants from coming through.","questions":"How can Mexico effectively prevent migrants from coming through?","answer":"Block"}
{"text":["Boy, melodrama going on, on the Washington football club whose team name I refuse to utter. Coach Shanahan benching Robert Griffin III for the rest of the season - good idea or. . .","Well, it's all part of a bigger power play. The big problem is the owner. The problem with the Redskins goes back to Daniel Snyder. He's worse than George Steinbrenner, worse than Marge Schott; worse than all of them. He's one of the worst owners that you could possibly have. When he started, he had past-prime players with Deion Sanders and Bruce Smith trying to make a splash.","We're about to run out of time. Not much time for many more worse, yes?","Awful. He's just bad."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Washington football team is in chaos due to their controversial name and the coach's decision to bench Robert Griffin III.","questions":"What decision did the coach make regarding Robert Griffin III?","answer":"Benching"}
{"text":["But Zoe Wesloski(ph) emailed from Pittsburgh to say: I don't get it. I'm 39. This was not an option for my generation. Not only did I enter the job market without a college degree, but I found a way to survive. And when I left home at 22, I never went back. I found a way to make it through nursing school as a single mother in my 30s. She continued: I don't know what's wrong with this generation, but it sure as hell ain't the economy.","We also spoke with New York Times writer Alex Williams about the challenges of making friends after college. Anne Scranton(ph) in Blue Ash, Ohio, wrote: Everyone told me I'd make lots of mom friends when my kids got in school. But as a working mom, I found it tough to connect on weekends when many families are having family time. I decided to enroll in a leadership class held in the city where I work, and through that class, I've met other working families and folks of all ages and stages. Everyone needs to be open-minded in reaching out to people of all ages. We all have experiences to share.","And finally, Greg Alexander in Bloomington, Indiana reminded us that the beginning and end of the story of adult bonding is happy hour. It's good to go to a place where everybody knows your name. Cheers.","(Singing) Sometimes you want to go where everybody knows your name, and they're always glad you came. You want to be where you can see. Our troubles are all the same. You want to be where everybody knows your name."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People of all ages can make good friends regardless of their stage in life","questions":"How did Anne Scranton make new friends as a working mom?","answer":"Leadership"}
{"text":["Well, approved solar filters are what you really need. The cheapest and I think probably the best way is to go with these welder's glasses. They're called number 14 welder's glasses. They're a very dark shade. You go into a welding store, and you say you want number 14, they know what you're doing. They always look at me and they say, oh, you're going to look at the sun?I say yeah, that's what I'm going to do.","And so you want to get those glasses. They usually cost about five, six bucks or so. And then you can put those up to your face and look right at the sun all you want. Then you can also get filters for your telescopes, binoculars, that type of thing. But really, we recommend making this into a social situation.","As astronomers, we always like company, and we recommend people to join or find any astronomical groups that are in their area, because there are astronomy clubs all over the country, and they love to share their expertise, and on these days of the eclipse on the 20th and the Transit on the 5th, join up with one of them because it's a lot of fun having a sun party.","Wow, and you can find these - you can find more information on your website, or. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker suggests that in addition to getting solar filters, people should make viewing the eclipse or transit into a social event by joining an astronomy group or having a \"sun party\" with friends.","questions":"Which event does the speaker recommend joining an astronomy group for?","answer":"Eclipse"}
{"text":["There are some states out there, for example Oregon and Maine, which currently don't have sales taxes throughout the year. Is there anything that you can potentially learn from states that have been doing this for a while?","What we are looking at are states that have had sales - state sales tax holidays. As you may know, there are 17 states plus the District of Columbia that currently have sales tax holidays during the year. And the experience of our retail members with those holidays is that they're very attractive to people. They really do bring people into the stores. It's an exciting time.","You can say, well gee, if the average state sales tax is five, six percent, why would that drive consumers to come into the stores more than a sale advertised at 15 or 20 percent. And it's an interesting psychological phenomenon, but it does seem to drive more traffic. It may be because people just don't like to pay taxes, and they're very excited when there's a period where they won't have to pay taxes to the government.","Rachelle Bernstein is with the National Retail Federation. Thank you, Rachelle."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : very attractive to people in this context means that they like a policy a lot","questions":"What is the experience of retail members with state sales tax holidays?","answer":"Attractive"}
{"text":["What's a fuel hedge?Explain that.","A fuel hedge is basically a financial contract that you buy in the commodity market where you essentially pre-buying fuel. So Southwest CEO, Gary Kelly, back in 2003, as the U. S.  was preparing to go to war in Iraq, just decided that the war in the Middle East wasn't probably good for oil prices, and he went out and bought a lot of oil ahead of time. Pre-bought it, and that has paid off in billions of dollars of profits for the airline.","And this continues from 2003?Do they continue to buy fuel ahead?Because the price of oil over the last year, I mean, it keeps going up and up. At some point you would think they would say we're not going to buy anymore.","You know it's fascinating because a lot of people thought Southwest hedges would fade out. They did make that big bet when prices were in the 30's, but they kept buying and they have continued to buy. They have most of their oil bought for this year at about 57 dollars a barrel. If you don't have hedges, you're right now paying about 120 something dollars a barrel. And they've bought fuel all the way out to 2012 as of today."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Southwest has bought fuel all the way out to 2012 as of today","questions":"How far out has Southwest bought fuel as of today?","answer":"2012"}
{"text":["We did. We - what we did with the mice was we gave them antibiotics to deplete their sinus microbiome, and then we had them sniff, basically, the corynebacterium species. And, in that context, we saw all the hallmarks of sinus infection, lots of mucin hypersecretion from the host.","And when we did the same and added the lactobacillus species, we didn't see any hallmarks of pathogenesis or infection. And, in fact, when we did another group of mice where we took out their native microbiome, we instilled the protective species along with this pathogen that we've identified. Again, we saw no signs of infections suggesting that the lactobacillus species protected the surface of the sinus and evaded infection by the corynebacterium species.","Now, you know what all these public radio listeners are going to want to know, now. Right?","We'll have to ask it. Where do you get the stuff to snort up your own lactobacillus sake, you know?I want some of that stuff with my health food store."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The mice were intentionally infected to study the effect of bacteria, rather than catching an actual sinus infection.","questions":"Which study was conducted intentionally on mice?","answer":"mice"}
{"text":["When we had a transfer of presidencies in this country, when Barack Obama came in four years ago and George W.  Bush got aboard the helicopter and left town, well, George W.  Bush has pretty vanished from the American political leadership. He wrote a book, did pretty well with that. I gather he gives some speeches, but he plays no great part in the American political system. Bill Clinton has been playing a little bit more in this election.","But in the meantime, Mr.  Hu Jintao on his way out - really, on the way out?He will be a member of the Standing Committee. He's not going to be president. He's not going to be chairman of the party anymore, but?","He still may have a pretty strong role in the military. There's also the former president of China, who I covered back in the '90s, named Jiang Zemin who's from Shanghai. He has been front and center at the Party Congress. He's been out and about. He's in his mid-80s. He's playing role in terms of lining up who's going to take over. There's a lot of horse trading, but it's very, very opaque. And the average Chinese person really doesn't have any sense of where it's heading.","So you're getting this new generation of younger leaders, but the gerontocracy, the old leaders, behind the scenes, they're still playing a role."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It implies that there is a lot of political maneuvering happening behind the scenes in China which an average Chinese person have no knowledge about.","questions":"How much information do average Chinese people have about the political maneuvering in China?","answer":"limited"}
{"text":["Possibly more powerful or an offshoot of these, yes. Yeah, there's no doubt. This has been - Flame has, looks like, created probably around maybe 2007, 2008. So you know, we're talking five years ago, and Stuxnet was created a little bit after that. And then you've got Duqu that came out a year after Stuxnet. So these are just three of them, and yeah, there's no doubt that there are others.","And once again you say that for people who are concerned, if you update your Windows, Microsoft has a patch out now too, doesn't it, it should remove it from your PC?","Well, Microsoft's patch is different. Microsoft patches the vulnerabilities that the Flame used to spread on a machine or to get on a machine. But if you have antivirus updates, that's the thing that will prevent you from getting infected as well.","And is there any possibility that this was done by a bunch of hobbyists or people who wanted, you know, to just show that they wanted to get into systems?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  A's turn has a different actual meaning from its literal meaning. When A says \"Microsoft patches the vulnerabilities that the Flame used to spread on a machine or to get on a machine,\" they mean that Microsoft released a patch to fix the vulnerabilities that the Flame malware exploited to infect computers. The literal meaning might suggest that Microsoft somehow \"patches\" the Flame malware itself, which is not what is happening.","questions":"Which vulnerabilities did Microsoft release a patch for to prevent Flame malware from infecting computers?","answer":"Exploits"}
{"text":["And so the children - we have 9,000 children in freedom schools around the country, but many of them are going to go out tomorrow, including Washington, D. C.  and then their state capitals and go see their senators and congressmen and say it is time to cover every child. Not some. God did not make two classes of children.","Tell me about tomorrow's day of social action. What specifically is it going to look like and where is it going to be?","Tomorrow is a civic participation day, they will be going to see their senators and congressmen and others. March into their offices and saying that it is time for every child to have healthcare. All should have the same benefits. All should be able be born with good healthcare.","They are going to tell them how upset they are that children died last year from dental abscesses that just didn't get treatment because children fell through the bureaucratic cracks. And while all of us at the Children's Defense Fund want universal coverage for everybody in America, which is long overdue, children can't wait while we debate for another two, three, four, five, 10 years, for universal coverage for everybody. And so next year they're going to be considering again the funding for the Child Health Insurance Program, but we want to make sure that any consideration of that program will say we're going to cover every child. Right now."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The civic participation day involves marching to senators' offices and demanding that every child should have access to healthcare, regardless of class or social status.","questions":"How many children are involved in the civic participation day?","answer":"9,000"}
{"text":["One of the stories in the collection is called \"Missed Connection-m4w\" - men for women - and it begins sort of like a Craigslist post in missed connections and then evolves from there. And you actually first published this on Craigslist. Is that right?","Yeah. What the story is about is about this guy who can't work up the nerve to talk to this woman sitting on the same train car as him. And in fact, 60 years pass where they. . .","He also can't get up and leave.","He - yeah. Well, 'cause he's paralyzed by this idea of who this woman is even though he never actually talks to her. But - so I had the idea to write this fake missed connection and just post it anonymously on Craigslist."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The man never talks to the woman he likes for 60 years.","questions":"What is the reason for the man's paralysis?","answer":"Woman."}
{"text":["Yes, of course. Ja.","Does it work?Have you taken it for a spin?","We intentionally avoided to drive the car. But what is really interesting, after 162 years, we conducted this - we call it octagon engine because of the shape of the exterior of the engine. And we connected it to a battery supply and the engine is still working today.","So you've started it up."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implies that the speaker wants to know if the engine has been started and is running.","questions":"Which action did the speaker inquire about?","answer":"Inquire"}
{"text":["Hey, Lulu.","For those of you who love esports, bear with us. But there is a segment, I'm sure, among our listeners who don't know what esports is. So tell us, what is it?","It's basically people that play video games competitively. It's more than just your son or daughter sitting in their basement playing video games. Last year, Madison Square Garden sold out two nights in a row. Tickets cost about $50 in order to watch a video gaming competition.","So let's talk about esports, the business of esports. It's been described as the next big thing. How big is the sport right now?How big do you think it could get?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker asks the listeners to bear with them, they are not actually asking for the listeners to tolerate or endure anything difficult or unpleasant. Instead, the speaker is acknowledging that not all listeners may be familiar with esports and is asking for patience as they explain what it is.","questions":"How is turn 1 different from its literal meaning?","answer":"Esports"}
{"text":["Yeah, I mean, I always have someone in mind. I'm not going to tell you people. But. . .","You know, there's always someone in mind when I'm writing. You know, it's all comes from somewhere inside.","Such a big part of that song is your voice, and I'm wondering if there's anything that you strive for when you sing a song like that.","I used to be really nervous when I sang. Like, when I was a kid starting young, 18 and 19, and my dad really had to sort of pushed me to start singing in front of people. Ever since I got out there and really started doing it, the only thing I've ever tried to do is just sort of is be myself, you know, never put on a voice. Sing naturally. And that always seems to work best for me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person is thinking of a particular person but they are not going to say who.","questions":"How does the person strive to sing?","answer":"Naturally"}
{"text":["People go armed with treats and halters, and so they're able to catch them. And, you know, mostly, if you're calm, the horses stay calm.","Horses eat a lot, don't they?How do you care for every one?","Sure thing. Well, many of us were able to grab hay and some supplies as we were evacuating our barn. So we came with food and some items in hand. But the local seed stores have been donating all kinds of hay and shavings and pellets. So we have had, again, tremendous support from the local community, making sure that every horse here is fed.","Can you smell the smoke, see the fire?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The horses are usually calm when approached with care and respect.","questions":"Which animals are approached with care and respect?","answer":"Horses"}
{"text":["Was the jet stream actually screening out the cold air?Do I have that right?","Pretty much. The jet stream is typically the dividing line between the warm tropical air to the south and the cold, Arctic air to the north. And for the most part, it had retreated to close to the Canadian border for large parts of the winter.","Hmm. What about the \"Farmers' Almanac\"?I have to admit that I like picking it up and looking at it, and I sort of - I'm hesitant to even ask. Is there any science backing it up?","Well, I think the \"Farmers' Almanac,\" they do look at some of the same things that NOAA look at, that AccuWeather looks at, as well as the Capital Weather Gang, when developing their outlooks. At the same time, they're using some more suspect features like sun spots and planetary alignments and things like that, which have never been proven to have any real predictive skill in terms of forecasting the weather in the long range."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The jet stream separates warm and cold air","questions":"How does the jet stream divide the air?","answer":"Tropical"}
{"text":["You are a brave man. You think there's going to be any political spats at your table?","Well, the entire house becomes the table with that many people, so we won't actually have room for argument. Anybody who wants to bicker will have to go outside.","John Dickerson is the chief political correspondent for slate. com. Thanks, John, and happy Thanksgiving.","Thank you. Happy Thanksgiving to you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The house is too crowded to have political arguments","questions":"What do they have to do outside if they want to argue?","answer":"Go"}
{"text":["So Beijing has basically made an offer to the people of Hong Kong that if they're willing to give up on dreams of greater democracy, they can be part of China's amazing economic rise, and they have offered them more integration with the kind of boom cities on the other side of the border in the mainland. The problem is that again and again and very dramatically over this extradition bill, the people of Hong Kong have said, no. They do not want that trade off. They actually are willing to protest and fight hard to maintain those freedoms that they still have.","So it's not even as though these protesters in Hong Kong are fighting for additional freedom. They're just saying we want to keep things the way they are. We don't want to see an erosion of the freedoms we do have.","That's right. I think it's important to be realistic. I mean, this has been an absolutely extraordinary - at times, very moving - protest by over a million people - overwhelmingly peaceful, very civic-minded, lots of different generations coming together. That's a fantastic thing and utterly unthinkable where I'm sitting in Beijing on the mainland - could never happen. But they are not about to get more democracy. They're not even about to get more freedoms. This is a defensive set of protests to keep what they have.","Interesting that you point out this would be very, very unlikely to happen in China. It makes me wonder, do the protests in Hong Kong pose any threat to China's leadership, to President Xi Jinping, to the Chinese Communist Party?Are they worried about this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The people of Hong Kong are not willing to trade their freedom for economic growth offered by China's government.","questions":"What are the people of Hong Kong unwilling to trade?","answer":"freedom"}
{"text":["Well, first of all, we continue to ask for all options on the table because. . .","So you want it. You want that to be a potential.","We want all options on the table. We haven't asked specifically for military intervention. And the big difference is that you have to be responsible about this. Think of a Rwanda-style scenario. Think about when Maduro continues to murder more and more people. He has asked regime militia armed groups to repress peaceful protesters. So I think we have to be responsible about this approach. And that's precisely - we always ask for a peaceful and constitutional solution. In what other dictatorship do you see a national assembly, an interim president with the people asking for the regime to leave?","You were a political prisoner. What's this moment like for you personally?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A believes that Maduro's actions are similar to those in Rwanda and that a peaceful solution is needed","questions":"How does PersonA describe Maduro's actions?","answer":"Rwanda-style"}
{"text":["So, we just heard Bill say, essentially, yes, this is a huge incident, but it doesn't compare with some of the other social issues. Do you think that there's two much focus on this?","No, I don't think that at all. I don't think it's an either or type of equation. Because in essence it's not that the outrage against this diminishes the outrage against rape or HIV or AIDS or any of those other things.","In fact, I would say that there, these things you know, rather than those the reaction against, to those things, being disparate, in essence what people are reacting to is a culture and, in essence, a series of events that have at their root a basic disrespect for black life, especially black female life.","So, you can't really separate something like rape, the AIDS crisis which disproportionately affects women, and this type of incident where the targets were, you know, poor black women. At their root is essentially the fact that they are continuing to be so devalued."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It implies that issue of rape and AIDS are interconnected and cannot be viewed in isolation from one another.","questions":"What is the root cause of the issues mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"shopping"}
{"text":["But some of the people you were just talking about are format breakers, who are a little bit of R&B, some soul. They pull back from influences from the past but they put their own stamp on it. Sonia, what do you like right now coming out of Atlanta?What are some of your favorites?","You know, I liked hearing the bumper music that you guys are playing in between - those are current songs, but when I think about - well, you know, first it was Goodie Mob and the \"Cell Therapy. \"So, I was thinking about what Cee-Lo is doing now is part of Gnarls Barkley.","As a songwriter, when you think about it, this guy wrote \"Don't You\" for the Pussycat Dolls, turned around and that is a big commercial. I mean, this guy is an incredible talent. The album that he's put out now with Gnarls Barkley is good. I can't wait to hear what TI's going to say, now that he has been through what he has been through.","I'm a big TI fan. I am still a bit OutKast fan. You look at OutKast, just completed their ballet this past weekend. I mean, these people are looking at the music as just kind of a launching pad into a lot of different mediums and you can't help but be proud to see such talent being recognized and explored in so many different mediums."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : TI has faced some challenges but people still look forward to his music","questions":"Which Atlanta artist has faced challenges but still has people looking forward to their music?","answer":"TI"}
{"text":["Hi, Lulu. Thanks for having me.","So Bashar al-Assad, the president, it seems has prevailed with Russian and Iranian support. Only one major rebel area remains. Has he won?","Well, it depends how you define victory. He has, for the moment, won the right to stay. And it does seem like the world, in many ways, wants to sort of normalize his presence. But I think it's pretty clear that it's not a victory of any real kind.","And the damage that has been done and that has been wrought does not appear to be facing any kind of true reconciliation or any kind of true reckoning. There's a lack of justice. There's a lack of accountability. And there's the presence of an incredible amount of impunity.","Well, take me into Syria. What are people feeling there now after these eight long years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person was not had, but was invited for the interview.","questions":"How was the person invited for the interview?","answer":"Invited"}
{"text":[". . . Transparency. They want to know how we got to this point so that no presidential candidate, Democrat or Republican, ever sees something like this happen to them.","So you would like to see an investigation of the investigation. You do think that's a productive use of time.","What I want to make certain is we know that bad actors are rooted out and that we are going to be well served by individuals who realize we are a nation of laws, that we will abide by the rule of law. And you are going to have law enforcement there that is to uphold the law.","Marsha Blackburn is a Republican senator from Tennessee. She sits on the Judiciary Committee. Thank you very much for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : joining us implies being part of a program or activity and not referring to mixing or attaching people together","questions":"What does joining refer to in turn 3?","answer":"speaking"}
{"text":["One of the groups that helped push Trump over the top in Indiana was white evangelicals. The question is now that Kasich and Cruz are out of the race, will Republican evangelical voters coalesce around Trump in the general election?We're joined by Russell Moore. He's the president of the Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention. Thanks so much for joining us.","Good to be with you.","Now, in many ways, Ted Cruz really, I think, bet his campaign on the evangelical vote. He was hoping to capture the vote in many of the early primary states. He certainly was banking on it in Indiana - didn't happen for him. Why wasn't he able to?","Well, I think there are a number of reasons. I think one of the reasons is evangelicals are just as susceptible to trends in the country as the rest of the population. And if you look at the exit polling on evangelicals, you'll find that churchgoing evangelicals, people who actually attend worship services, were much less likely to support Donald Trump than were people who just nominally affiliate themselves with evangelical Christianity."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that there are several reasons why Ted Cruz wasn't able to capture the evangelical vote, and one of those reasons is that churchgoing evangelicals were less likely to support Donald Trump than those who just nominally affiliate themselves with evangelical Christianity.","questions":"Which group was less likely to support Donald Trump according to the exit polling mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Churchgoing"}
{"text":["Both the trains slowed. I was standing there with my bag over my shoulder, ready to jump. It was windy. It was cold. It was kind of getting dark. And so they finally lined up the cars correctly, and I was told to run across the loose rocks and jump on to the other train.","The conductor on the other train pulled me on to that car. Once I was onboard, another conductor came through the car, and she said to me, don't get up when we get to Milwaukee. What I heard from her was don't get up, or I will kill you. I did not move the rest of the trip.","So I get to Saint Paul. I'm looking for my brother. He's late. So he gets there, and I ask him, why were you late?And he says, well, I checked the train schedule, and it said it was running behind. Oh, that was because of me.","A travel nightmare with a happy ending from Anne Fleury in Milwaukee. Send us your stories, please. Go to weekendeditionsaturday@npr. org. Click on contact. Put Travel Nightmare at the top of your message."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : .The situation was potentially dangerous and uncomfortable, with the darkness and cold adding to the tension.","questions":"How would you describe the atmosphere during the train situation?","answer":"Tense"}
{"text":["You mentioned Slate, which is one of the - it's in the corporate umbrella that you are. And there's also - Henry Louis Gates Jr. , he is obviously an academic superstar and a media superstar. He's played a major role in this organization and in popularizing genealogical research.","But how does the magazine try to bring together the news part with the genealogy part, where you have, actually, links to AfricanDNA. com?","Right. The two parts of the site - the site now has two core missions - the magazine and the tools-based part of the site, which is The Root's part of the site. And where it makes sense, there will be a crossover between those two functions. There's an essay that we've got coming in today from someone who's well known, who's doing an essay on researching her family history.","And it's in written form, so it'll run in the magazine. And so that is a direct connection to The Root's part of the site. But I don't think we'll always force the two things to be connected. What I would hope is that people who come to the site for - maybe if we have political junkies who are coming to the site tomorrow to see what our take is on Super Tuesday, that they would come to the site, read a good article and then maybe jump over and try to start building their family tree by the same token."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of this phrase is that the site has two primary purposes. The actual meaning, however, could be interpreted as suggesting that the magazine and the tools-based part of the site serve as the foundational elements that make up the larger site.","questions":"How does the magazine contribute to the larger site?","answer":"Crossover"}
{"text":["People are still there, and people are still very defiant. I think that's really the only word you can use for people who've spent the last month fasting during Ramadan in extremes of heat. And they now say that we will not step down; we will not stand back until this military council has been deposed.","Well, now the military is saying we're going to stall these negotiations. Any agreement that we had settled is off, but we're going to hold elections within nine months. Is that good news for the protesters?","It is - they take it as good news, but the reality is it's not because the only infrastructure that remains intact is the infrastructure of the former regime and the former ruling party. It's difficult to see how, in a situation where people are fearing for their lives, you can put together a cohesive electoral campaign. Even though the military council says that they will allow observers in, this is a military council that is blocking journalists - that has suspended Al Jazeera, that has suspended other journalists from doing their work. So there's a lot of disbelief that they will allow observers to carry out their job.","Meanwhile, they will just continue to sit-in, to protest, to demand democratic reforms even if they are unlikely."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People have endured extreme conditions during Ramadan, but they are still protesting and refusing to back down","questions":"Which religious observance did the people fast during while protesting?","answer":"Ramadan"}
{"text":["The numbers you've tossed around show you how expensive. People have been able to do experiments. They've found all kinds of really interesting possibly valuable properties, but nothing, no industry is really going to start until they can make enough of this stuff cheaply to use it.","Until now, most of the ways of making it started with this first step: Get some really pure, really expensive chemicals that you're going to mix in and do the next stuff. Huge expense. What Jim Tour down in Houston discovered and showed is that anything that's got carbon in it you can turn into graphene.","And to demonstrate that he meant anything, he did it with Girl Scout cookies. He turned those into graphene. He did it with chocolate. He got some chocolate half-dollar coins. He did it with dog feces from a miniature Dachshund, and he did it with a cockroach leg. And essentially he just got a really big oven, heated it up to about 1,000 degrees C and filled that oven with a little bit of this stuff, the cockroach or the dog feces, whatever, and a sheet of pure copper and a little bit of gas, left it for about 20 minutes, and viola, he'd made little bits of really high-quality graphene.","Wow."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The numbers tossed around you indicates that the objects that you used.","questions":"How does Jim Tour turn anything with carbon in it into graphene?","answer":"Carbon"}
{"text":["Sounds good, right?Sixty years ago this month, Miles Davis finished recording one of the most iconic albums in jazz. \"Kind Of Blue\" is perhaps Davis's greatest masterpiece. But it wasn't the only milestone recorded that year. John Coltrane, Dave Brubeck, Ornette Coleman and Charles Mingus all cut timeless classics, which is why many fans consider 1959 the best year in jazz ever.","There are all kinds of think pieces about this - a new blog devoted to the subject, even a documentary film titled \"1959: The Year That Changed Jazz. \"So settle in. And let's listen to what 1959 sounded like. Our guide is Nate Chinen. He is editorial director at our member station WBGO. And he's with Jazz Night In America. Nate, thanks for being here.","Thank you, Rachel.","All right. Make the case. What makes 1959 so great?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Let's explore the music of 1959 and why it was special","questions":"How was 1959's music unique?","answer":"Milestone"}
{"text":["Far be it for me to sort of put words in the first lady's mouth, but I think that what that shows to me anyway, as an observer, is that these dress codes are so ingrained that I would imagine for Melania potentially it just would not occur to her in a public appearance to not be wearing heels.","You know, I think certainly we see the same with the royal family in the U. K. , Kate Middleton coming out of the hospital each time after having her babies wearing these enormous heels. And, you know, womankind across the world, I think, was wincing looking at those photos, thinking, oh, God, that's the last thing you want to be wearing when you've just given birth.","And I do think that we tend to associate high heels with making an effort, with being appropriate and no more so than for these figures who are - have the eyes of the world on them.","Before we let you go, you know I'm going to ask you, what are you wearing now?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : High heels are associated with making an effort and being appropriate, especially for public figures","questions":"How are high heels associated with public figures?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["I do. And there was a series that was done on PBS. I think it was - I can't remember which report - I think it was Andrea Mitchell, I'm not sure, where she did a lot of interviews with Generation Next. And these are the young people in our society who are just going into high school. And these are the young people in our society who are just going in to high school. And these are young people who have totally different ideas about race than we do and how they can get along with each other. But what was missing was concrete information, science and history and an understanding of social structure, so that they could have these conversations. So part of what I'm excited about is this is a project that gives young people, who are already thinking about bridging gaps and already thinking about bridging divides of culture and race, to have tools to talk about this in ways that our generation did not.","Yolanda, thank you so much.","You are welcome.","Yolanda Moses is on the advisory board of a project called \"Race - Are We So Different?\"She's also vice-provost for diversity and conflict resolution at the University of California at Riverside."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Yolanda Moses has expertise in diversity and conflict resolution","questions":"How would you describe Yolanda Moses' role in the \"Race - Are We So Different?\" project?","answer":"Advisory"}
{"text":["And then I decided to come out. Now it's been going on several hours. I'm several streets away from the Champs-Elysees, Scott, but the people - it's like it's the second revolution coming because people are turning over - they're building barricades in the street. We're still - we've got helicopters overhead. They're still firing tear gas. And everyone around me is wearing a yellow vest.","Now, fuel prices have gone up - I have read, I think - 23 percent over the past year. And protesters blame the government for this.","Well, the government - the French pay some of the highest gas prices in the world, like, about more than $6 a gallon, Scott. And the government says it's going to raise the taxes again in January to finance the transition to an ecological economy - you know, more environmentally friendly fuels.","And, you know, for people who have to drive to work - blue-collar workers, just everyday people - this is outrageous. They say they can't make it anymore, so they've come out into the street. And, Scott, this movement has no leaders. There are no unions behind it. There are housewives. There are retirees - regular people. There are people who have never protested before. So it's turned into a movement. No one knows where it's going to go now."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The social safety net is inadequate due to strict eligibility requirements and inadequate benefits.","questions":"What is the reason behind the protests in France?","answer":"Gas"}
{"text":["I have. I was, yes, one of the scholars who figured it out by searching on Google. And it turns out that Jack of jack-o'-lantern fame was not such a terrible guy. In fact, he's quite clever and entrepreneurial. And he almost outwitted the devil, so that's the Irish folktale. Jack tricked the devil into climbing a tree to get him an apple. And then Jack carved a cross on the tree trunks so the devil couldn't get down. So Jack says I'll take away the cross if you promise never to send me to hell. So they made a deal, but, of course, the devil being the devil, he found a loophole. So he didn't send Jack to hell, but Jack was consigned to walk the earth forever, holding a lantern to light his way. And by the way - this is important - the lantern was made of a turnip, not a pumpkin. So somewhere along the line, the turnip industry got really screwed.","Have you ever opened the door and seen a trick of trick-or-treater dressed as B. J. Leiderman, who writes our theme music?","(Laughter) No. But that's a great idea for my kids today.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Jack's clever and entrepreneurial nature allows him to make a deal with the devil and escape from certain doom.","questions":"Which industry got screwed somewhere along the line?","answer":"Tobacco"}
{"text":["And there are two things I think that are really important to remember. The first is that those people are still held accountable. They still plead guilty to crimes. And they often do prison sentences that are very long - not as long as people who don't cooperate. But they often really do - they really do get punished for that.","The second thing is when you think about the most serious cases the president talks about all the time, like MS-13, you simply couldn't make those cases without cooperators. You need people on the inside because things like gangs are highly secretive organizations. And so you need to understand where drugs are coming from, where money's coming from, how violence is committed and by whom. And so it really is essential. You know, it's an unsavory part of the criminal justice system. But it's a part that becomes very important to get serious crimes prosecuted.","OK.  Anne Milgram, former federal prosecutor and attorney general of New Jersey, now a professor at New York University Law School, thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It is not that is something to be tasted. It is something people don't like to hear about.","questions":"How would you describe the part of the criminal justice system that becomes important for getting serious crimes prosecuted?","answer":"cooperators"}
{"text":["Same for the rap charts and also pop. I mean, you said that this is a city that has an impact on black music. You know, Atlanta has made black music popular music. These are artists that are on the Hot 100, the biggest songs in the country. So, I am very hopeful.","Dee Dee, same thing.","Right. For me, you know, I look at the new emerging talents like Jazzpects and Hollywierd and Proton. You know, I see a whole new 'nother birth of musicians coming up, and again, just being on the live music scene last night, I was at the Smith's Olde Bar to see Anthony David and Jazzpects and Redlands and Proton and Yellow Wolf, which are all underground artists that are stemming away from the norm.","Jazzpects is fusing hip-hop and jazz. And Yellow Wolf, on the total opposite the spectrum, is a white rapper that is - he has a group called the Dixie Mafia that is a really, really - he is an excellent rapper, that is fusing a lot of the blue grass and country and, you know, middle-America stuff with hip-hop."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Yellow Wolf is blending bluegrass and country with hip-hop","questions":"How is Yellow Wolf fusing different genres of music?","answer":"Bluegrass"}
{"text":["What drew you to getting involved?","I made a comic about him earlier this year, and I sort of rallied this fan base of Nikola Tesla fans. And then I actually was involved in this little lawsuit in June. It was unrelated to Tesla. But as part of this lawsuit, I ended up starting a charity campaign, a crowd funding campaign to raise money for cancer and for the National Wildlife Federation. And it was a huge success. We raised like 10 times the amount of money we needed. Instead of raising 20 grand, we raised $211,000.","So then I heard in August about this real estate in Long Island that was up for sale that was Nikola Tesla's old laboratory, and I figured with my army of Tesla fans on the Internet and my previous experience with crowd funding, I thought I would be the perfect person to come in and see if I could make a difference.","Your comic, I think, is titled \"Why Nikola Tesla Was The Greatest Geek Who Ever Lived. \"Would you mind making that case for us?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A thinks that with their army of Tesla fans and experience with crowd funding, they can make a difference in Nikola Tesla's old laboratory.","questions":"Which laboratory does PersonA want to make a difference in?","answer":"Laboratory"}
{"text":["Just tell me what a typical day has been like camped out there on the tracks.","Well, it's hot. It's been pretty hot out here. And then you got your rain. It's hot and wet, you know, kind of sticky. But we're coal miners - we're used to rough conditions and climates and water and all that stuff, you know.","Have local people in town been bringing you food?Have you been cooking out over an open fire?What's it been?","Yeah it's been - cooking out on a camp grill. People out of state's been calling in pizzas to the local Pizza Hut. And we've been supported well."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Supported well implies that they have been eating good and surviving","questions":"What does \"supported\" imply?","answer":"eating"}
{"text":["Haven't there been gag orders during the transition of previous administrations too?","Certainly, every administration tries to control information. That's something, as you said in particular, that the Obama administration was quite aggressive on. And we had put out over many years plenty of not just critical information about the Obama administration but critical information based on inside sources that we cultivated. I will say one of the things that you're seeing with this administration is instances in which various bureaucracies have simply been cut off or shut down. The National Park Service stopped tweeting for a couple of days after they had done a tweet about climate change. And their first tweet after that was an apology for that tweet. That is quite unusual.","But do you have some concern that by making this public call under the Trump administration, at least to more notice than under the Obama administration, you're encouraging the view that the press has a liberal bias?","No, no. Again, what we are encouraging is for people to send information. Now, you can judge us on our stories, if our story may be unfair, if our story may not have enough context. Our job is simply to put important information out there, and we're going to keep doing it. If somebody wants to accuse us of being biased as a part of that, well, there's nothing we can do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied: The Obama administration was aggressive in controlling information and preventing it from being released to the public","questions":"Which administration was aggressive in controlling information?","answer":"Obama"}
{"text":["For conservative groups that are courting Latinos, Trump's remarks are likely to make their work more difficult. Let's turn now to Daniel Garza. He is the president of The LIBRE Initiative, a free market advocacy group founded by the business and political titans Charles and David Koch, specifically to strengthen Republican support among Latinos. Garza also worked in the George W.  Bush administration. And he joins me now from Mission, Texas. Welcome to the program, sir.","Thank you, Lulu. It's a pleasure to be with you.","So I'd like to get your reaction to the president's comments first.","Well, I mean, I felt the president's remarks were counterproductive to trying to resolve, I think, the DACA negotiations. And, of course, I think it entirely inappropriate. Still, I suspect any political fallout will be mitigated by, I think, the booming economy that we're seeing, resulting in record low unemployment for U. S.  Latinos, 3 percent-plus GDP growth and increases in wages because of the tax reform. So, you know, it's - they were not appropriate.","So it seems like Latinos, at this point, might be a tough crowd, though, for Republicans. Immigration constantly polls as one of the main issues for them. And many view Republicans as being on the wrong side of this debate."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Republicans have a tough time winning over Latino voters","questions":"Which group faces difficulty in winning Latino voters, according to the turn mentioned in the statement?","answer":"Republicans"}
{"text":["And all this happened after midnight on Friday, so most people were sleeping. They were caught off guard and unable to escape. Houses, cars and bridges were washed away. And 17 neighborhoods were partially destroyed. And the town hospital and morgue are overflowing. Among the victims is a policeman who was carried away by rushing water when he tried to save a 12-year-old girl from drowning. And then there's the case of the Mocoa mayor, who is a pastor - he's homeless because rocks and mud came into his house and filled it all the way up to the ceiling.","Sounds like a horrific situation. How has the government responded?","President Juan Manuel Santos flew into Mocoa to inspect the town. He sent in the army. The Red Cross is there. There are emergency workers searching for survivors. But one of the problems is that there's no airport in Mocoa, and the main road into the town's been partially washed out. Half of Putumayo state's without power, and the drinking water supply has been totally destroyed. Now there've been some reports of people looting stores for food and water.","Just briefly - you know, we've heard a lot about flooding and landslides in Latin America recently. Peru's also had massive flooding. Do we know why this is happening?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"Now there've been some reports of people looting stores for food and water.\" - The speaker is indicating that the situation has led to some social disorder and desperation, rather than just reporting the fact that looting has occurred.","questions":"How did the speaker convey the situation in Mocoa after the disaster?","answer":"Conveying"}
{"text":["ou're also seeing some extreme moves by companies like Advantage Consultants who basically say, hey, we can supply you, Mr.  and Ms. Candidate, with an army-full of bloggers ready to get your campaign out on the blogosphere 24\/7. It's just - it's like the wild, wild West right now on the Internet.","Is that - I mean, of course, all fair - all is fair in love, war and politics. But is that cheating in a way, you know, blogs were created initially as if, like, I'm just going to express what's in my heart. And now, it sounds as if what you're saying is that there is a lot of people who are saying, I'm going to create the appearance that people are speaking from their heart.","Yeah, and, you know - and this is - gets into astroturfing and a whole bunch of other terminology behind what's the real message of these types of Web sites. You're right. The organic nature of a blog was to be something that was transparent, that wasn't agenda-driven. And obviously, when you start looking at politics and campaigns, it's agenda-driven. So now, they're looking at these tools being PR machines, more than this transparent, here-is-a-look-into-my-life type of outlet that it used to be.","Speaking of transparency, there is some information that campaigns don't always give out, like where their money is coming from. And tell me about OpenSecrets."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"wild, wild West\" is a figurative expression that means a situation where there is a lack of control or regulation.","questions":"Which figurative expression characterizes the situation on the Internet mentioned by A?","answer":"Unregulated"}
{"text":["But your hands were cold?","Very cold.","That decision to try to turn around, you thought you could have summitted, but you might have endangered your hands?","I know I could have summitted. Yes, however - yes, I wasn't willing to lose my fingers or a tip of a finger, even, for the summit of K2."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The decision to turn back was a difficult one, but it was the right decision to protect your hands from potential damage.","questions":"How did PersonA decide to protect their hands during the climb?","answer":"Hands"}
{"text":["When we had a transfer of presidencies in this country, when Barack Obama came in four years ago and George W.  Bush got aboard the helicopter and left town, well, George W.  Bush has pretty vanished from the American political leadership. He wrote a book, did pretty well with that. I gather he gives some speeches, but he plays no great part in the American political system. Bill Clinton has been playing a little bit more in this election.","But in the meantime, Mr.  Hu Jintao on his way out - really, on the way out?He will be a member of the Standing Committee. He's not going to be president. He's not going to be chairman of the party anymore, but?","He still may have a pretty strong role in the military. There's also the former president of China, who I covered back in the '90s, named Jiang Zemin who's from Shanghai. He has been front and center at the Party Congress. He's been out and about. He's in his mid-80s. He's playing role in terms of lining up who's going to take over. There's a lot of horse trading, but it's very, very opaque. And the average Chinese person really doesn't have any sense of where it's heading.","So you're getting this new generation of younger leaders, but the gerontocracy, the old leaders, behind the scenes, they're still playing a role."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It implies that there is a lot of political maneuvering happening behind the scenes in China which an average Chinese person have no knowledge about.","questions":"What is the role of Jiang Zemin in the Party Congress?","answer":"lining"}
{"text":[". . . Exactly correct. And when it comes to hostages, there is a clear U. S.  policy. We do not pay ransom. We do not make concessions. When it comes to political prisoners, it's much more murky.","To your knowledge, was any money given to North Korea in association with the release of Otto Warmbier, however it's characterized?","Not that I'm aware. I would personally be surprised if the Trump administration actually paid that invoice. However, again, when we were negotiating and trying to put the framework together for the release of Otto Warmbier, we were coupling it with a bigger package of bringing back remains of U. S.  servicemen, of helping a little bit with flood-related areas in north North Korea, which was back then hit really hard - not to the North Korean government, but through humanitarian organizations. And that compiles this package of humanitarian interest, mutual humanitarian interest that - it's a bunch of gestures of goodwill that ends up getting with what you want.","What does this week's news tell us about how the Trump administration deals with these types of situations?Because the president likes to suggest that his techniques are very different from that of his predecessors."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The U.S. government used a package of humanitarian gestures to negotiate the release of Otto Warmbier.","questions":"Which policy did the U.S. government follow when it comes to hostages?","answer":"Not-pay"}
{"text":["All right, so how did it feel in those moments after the race?Take us there.","Picture this. There are about 150,000 people at Churchill Downs rooting for this race, plus millions more watching at home. But from the vantage point of the people in the stands, all they see are the pink silks of Maximum Security's jockey pulling out ahead and crossing the finish line on a muddy track. So first, there was cheering. I mean, Maximum Security was the favorite to win, and a lot of people were betting on that horse.","Then there was 20 minutes of confusion. You have the objection. You had these unofficial results on the board, saying that Maximum Security won. You have people trying to cash in their tickets at the betting windows. Other people are leaving not knowing who won. And in the press room, we were just sitting there stunned, waiting for the official call.","Why did racing officials disqualify Maximum Security?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It wasn't the pink silks that won but the horse and jockey wearing them.","questions":"What color were the silks of the jockey who crossed the finish line first?","answer":"wearing"}
{"text":["The federal investigations looming over the Trump administration kicked into high gear this past week, yielding legal consequences for not one but four of his associates. Former campaign Chairman Paul Manafort was convicted on eight counts in federal court while, at virtually the same time, Trump's personal lawyer Michael Cohen pleaded guilty and implicated the president. Add to that news that prosecutors reached immunity deals with two Trump allies - David Pecker, the publisher of the National Enquirer, and Allen Weisselberg, chief financial officer of The Trump Organization. To sort through what all this means, I'm joined by Anne Milgram, a former state and federal prosecutor and former attorney general of New Jersey. Welcome to the program.","Thanks for having me.","And let's talk about that immunity. Prosecutors have worked out deals to get cooperation from at least these two men that we know about. What's the upshot of that?","So the upshot with Pecker, I think, could be enormous for the government in terms of getting evidence about Donald Trump. We understand that he had - he's friends with Trump for 20 years or more and that they've had a long relationship. What I think is one of the most interesting questions here is not just that he's cooperated related to the Cohen piece but also what other evidence he may have. Were there other deals made?Were there other stories that they caught and killed, as they say in the business, where they pay people to not actually publish a story and not have it go public?So that, I think, is particularly interesting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Kicked into high gear isn't literal. It's a phrase meaning the investigations started to produce some results and seemed likely to produce more.","questions":"How did the federal investigations start producing results?","answer":"Results"}
{"text":["Yeah. That is right because he has been uploading a number of videos on YouTube. He was calling, basically, for the killing off of nonbelievers.","You talk about wanting the authorities to take action against Zaharan. But did you get any sense in recent years that he was attracting followers or that you saw men being drawn to radical groups?","At the time, you know, we thought that Zaharan was a loner and that, you know, he had no major following as such, except a few people in his hometown. But in 2018, December, we realized that there were basically a bunch of youths going around and damaging Buddhist statues. And we found out that Zaharan has been their mentor.","So this was in one particular village. You're saying that back in December of 2018, there were some young people who defaced some Buddhist statues."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"calling for the killing off of nonbelievers\" - This phrase does not literally mean that the person is calling for the killing of nonbelievers, but rather it suggests that the person is promoting violent extremist ideologies and possibly inciting violence against nonbelievers.","questions":"Which phrase in turn 0 suggests that the person is promoting violent extremist ideologies?","answer":"Promoting"}
{"text":["I would just think about grilling as like any other type of cooking technique. It's really about time and temperature. So if you know how to cook at your stove, you understand high heat, medium heat, low heat, you can replicate that on a grill. It just has to do with how big a pile of charcoal you have and where it is in its lifecycle. So it's very hot at the beginning, and then it cools off a little bit. And then I would say simplify your seasonings. I have a whole section in my book that's all about salt, pepper, olive oil and lemon juice as being really essential and really fantastic.","OK.  Carla, you know I'm putting you on the spot here now - OK.  charcoal or gas?","Oh, this is a great question. I think that they're both great. I have charcoal. I love cooking over live fire. But if what you have is a gas grill and it gets you outside, enjoying cooking outside and making something that you love, then lean into your gas grill. It's all good.","That's Carla Lalli Music, food director at Bon Appetit magazine. She's the author of \"Where Cooking Begins: Uncomplicated Recipes To Make You A Great Cook. \"Carla, thanks so much for joining us. Happy Fourth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Leaning into your gas grill meaning simply use the grill.","questions":"Which phrase describes the author's attitude towards using a gas grill?","answer":"Use"}
{"text":["He had a very utopian view of how computers would change work, but he had also a kind of warning. He had a very utopian view of how computers would change work, but he had also a kind of warning.","That's computer scientist Eugene Fiume of Simon Fraser University. That's computer scientist Eugene Fiume of Simon Fraser University. Fiume says that despite his concern about the need for rapid re-education, Asimov was an optimist in his predictions. Fiume says that despite his concern about the need for rapid re-education, Asimov was an optimist in his predictions.","What he predicted was that computers themselves would allow people to become researchers and scientists and artists - this idea of replacing that low-level intellectual work and allowing people to improve themselves by looking at higher level intellectual work. What he predicted was that computers themselves would allow people to become researchers and scientists and artists - this idea of replacing that low-level intellectual work and allowing people to improve themselves by looking at higher level intellectual work.","It's hard to say how many laid-off factory workers have moved on to pick up paintbrushes, but Fiume says that Asimov's 1983 essay envisions how, left to their own devices. . . It's hard to say how many laid-off factory workers have moved on to pick up paintbrushes, but Fiume says that Asimov's 1983 essay envisions how, left to their own devices. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Computers can replace low-level intellectual work and allow for self-improvement.","questions":"Which essay envisions the possibility of laid-off factory workers becoming artists, according to Fiume?","answer":"1983"}
{"text":["You know, that's a really great question. Our book hit No. 3 on the New York Times bestseller list on Wednesday. And here I am having written this book and stepping into a different version of, you know, women's rights feminist icon. And it's something I'm really proud of because I had to really educate myself on what I believe to be true.","And so I - I don't know. I think that recreating a person's identity is happening on the daily. And I - for me - I want to keep breaking free from all of these identities and get down to that last one, which is human. And I hope that people out there feel the same way because we are all the same matter.","That soccer star Abby Wambach.","Abby, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A: \"stepping into a different version of, you know, women's rights feminist icon\" - This turn is figurative language as it refers to the author's personal transformation into a prominent feminist icon rather than actually stepping into a different version of herself.","questions":"What is the author's book ranked on the New York Times bestseller list on Wednesday?","answer":"No.-3"}
{"text":["Sure. There are a lot of things on the horizon right now. I know learning about the systems on the space station will be part of our training over the next two years. But, you know, right now, both Boeing and SpaceX are working on commercial crew vehicles, the CST-100 Starliner and the Dragon vehicle, so those are also possibilities. And then NASA itself is working on the Orion. So a lot of new, exciting things coming up that we could potentially be doing in the near future.","So what is your dream, though?If you could go anywhere, do anything in space, reality, you know, not even being a limit, what would you like it to be?","Honestly, right now, my dream is to go to space, so anything that NASA would give me if they assigned me to any mission I would be more than overjoyed.","I have a question because I'm the mother of a young girl who is fascinated like you were by space exploration. And especially to young girls of color, what is your message to them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  To give a message means to communicate an idea or opinion in an attempt to influence people, rather than simply conveying facts","questions":"Which verb describes the act of conveying an opinion to influence others, rather than just giving out facts?","answer":"Persuade"}
{"text":["Well, number one, we were astounding that something over 2,000 years old decided to put roots on itself and live again. So, after the jubilation - and there was real jubilation at Archangel - we came up with the grand idea of using these trees that were lost to the world and planting them in old growth forest groves. And I'm happy to say that we're well on our way of attaining that goal.","As I understand, old growth forest, it won't look like much of anything for a few hundred years.","Well, that's not true. What most people don't understand about coast redwoods and giant sequoias is that they're probably the second-fastest-growing tree on earth that I know of, only second only to the eucalyptus. And they will grow 10 feet a year, and that is a lot of stored carbon in a very short period of time. Groves of those or forests of those will really make a measurable dent in the CO2 imbalance in our atmosphere.","Why are they planted in Port Orford?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning here is that B thinks that old growth forests take a long time to develop, and won't look impressive for hundreds of years. However, the literal meaning of the statement is simply a statement of understanding about the appearance of old growth forests.","questions":"Which tree is considered as the second-fastest-growing tree on earth?","answer":"Eucalyptus"}
{"text":["There might be more by tomorrow.","OK. Yes. So do so many presidential campaigns suck up a lot of money and political talent from potential Senate races?","I think it's a good question. I think, on the one hand, yes. I mean, there are Senate races that need top-tier campaign managers, finance directors, field directors. Those folks who may be going to a presidential campaign because they see their opportunity are not taking jobs on Senate campaigns is definitely a problem. I think in terms of resources with the push to really cultivate these small dollar donors and use that to fund these campaigns, there's almost an endless supply of these folks. So I don't know that, from a money angle, they're sucking up resources. I think from a staff angle, it can be difficult. But you hope that on the flip side what you're getting are a lot more people who are engaged in working in politics than they might have been before.","Anne Caprara, formerly the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, now the chief of staff to the new governor of Illinois, thanks very much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to suck up in this context means that they use a lot of something, in this case its using a lot of money for campaigns","questions":"What is the problem with top-tier campaign managers, finance directors, and field directors going to a presidential campaign instead of a Senate campaign?","answer":"shortage"}
{"text":["And it's interesting. As you talk about this, the catcher today has regained some of that reputation from those days.","I think so. I think the catcher's toughness is really recognized. And also, the catcher's unique position, as somebody who's part of the offense and part of the defense, plays a key role in what the pitcher throws and the pitcher's ability to throw, you know, particularly balls in the dirt, which are very hard.","You know, if you don't have a good catcher back there, then the whole team is lost. And so I think the catcher has really started to regain the reputation of being a key contributor to both, and I think that's why so many great managers are former catchers.","We've been talking about Deacon White, the newest member of baseball's Hall of Fame. Baseball historian Peter Morris, thanks very much for your time today."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The catcher's toughness is highly valued and they have a crucial role in the team's success.","questions":"What is the key contribution of a catcher to both offense and defense?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["Yeah.","We were able to test the tongue and found that it is uber soft. It is actually 10 times softer than the human tongue.","Tongue-wise, what does this accomplish?","So the soft tongue and the sticky saliva which exists on the tongue work together to actually increase adhesion. And the frog is able to catch very hairy things, like tarantulas or even other frogs, which are slippery. And it's able to use this amazing tongue with this amazing adhesive to capture things in the blink of an eye."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : ) B: Tongue-wise, what does this accomplish? - Implication: What practical purpose does this serve?","questions":"How does the soft tongue of a frog help with adhesion?","answer":"Adhesion"}
{"text":["Me, too.",". . . when they would have lunch every day.","Thank you for saying that, yes.","So how did they help each other?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is curious to know what kind of help the two people provided each other with during their lunch time.","questions":"What did the speaker want to know about the two people during their lunch time?","answer":"Kind"}
{"text":["Right. And I think you do see that. And it's interesting you bring up health care. The Koch network has spent hundreds of millions of dollars over the years running issue ads and other advertising themed around health care, pointing to that as a critical issue for them. And I think you're starting to see them move away from that, move towards touting the tax overhaul that Republicans passed last year as a big achievement. I do think that if the tax overhaul hadn't passed, Republicans would have a lot more problems raising money that cycle. I think that you're going to see some checkbooks more open because they were able to pass that.","Let's turn to the Democrats - you know, oddly less well-known' in terms of just these big names. But we do know Tom Steyer. He is the billionaire hedge fund manager who has become so familiar with his ads calling for the impeachment of President Trump. Where will his money be going?","Mr.  Steyer has said that he's going to spend 30 million to help Democrats. He is really supporting the idea of impeaching the president. And so taking the House would allow that to move forward. I think that you're going to see a lot of that money flow into House races, some into Senate and gubernatorial races, which are also important this cycle.","But we do have this split in the Democratic Party, as well, between sort of the more liberal wing, the more activist wing and the other part of the party which is, you know, more traditional. So how will that play out?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Koch network uses health care as a ploy to gain Republican support.","questions":"How does the Koch network attract Republican support?","answer":"healthcare"}
{"text":["Well, we've seen - it's become more difficult under the Trump administration for members of the military to get citizenship. It's been more difficult for them to get paperwork filed for their family members. It's more difficult for them to prevent the deportation of their family members.","Well, how are they making it more difficult?What examples do you have?","During the Obama administration, Janet Napolitano had created a program called basic training naturalization. It allowed the troops to get their citizenship really quickly. And the Trump administration has eliminated that program. They've also made it harder for the troops to file applications for citizenship. And it's taking much longer for them to make a decision on those applications. Recently they also announced they were going to close some of the international USCIS offices that process people for citizenship overseas, which will make it even more difficult for military members.","Now, I understand that you were one of the people who started a program to recruit people who aren't U. S.  citizens into the U. S.  military. That program was known as MAVNI - Military Accessions Vital to the National Interest. The program has effectively been suspended - right?- but it already started slowing down during the Obama administration. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Trump administration has taken several steps that have made it harder for military members to get citizenship","questions":"Which program did the Trump administration eliminate that allowed troops to get their citizenship quickly?","answer":"military"}
{"text":["Southern Africa is reeling from a massive cyclone that hit more than a week ago. Some 700 people are reported dead across the region. But that toll is expected to rise. The scene has been described as apocalyptic, with hundreds of thousands of people affected in four countries. Massive flooding has hit Mozambique the hardest, and that is where Rik Goverde of Save the Children is. He joins us from Maputo via Skype. Welcome to the program.","Thank you. Hi.","Can you tell me what the scene is like there on the ground?","Well, the scene is as you described. It is catastrophic. Imagine that there's an inland sea now where there used to be land. People were sitting on roofs, in trees trying to escape the water. But they had nowhere to go. And helicopters are still flying to get them out of there, to get them to dry and - well, not dry - but mainland."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The phrase, \"on the ground\" implies being in a place or situation where something important is happening, rather than somewhere else. ","questions":"Which phrase implies being in a place or situation where something important is happening?","answer":"scene"}
{"text":["And that's despite the fact that medics there say they need more supplies, they don't have what they need.","Well, again, we have a very long and porous border with eastern Congo. So knowing exactly where cases may come across is always a difficult thing to know. But we, the U. S.  government, as well as WHO and other partners, have been working very assiduously with the government of Uganda over the last 11 months while this outbreak has been going on in eastern Congo to help build their capacity. Supplies are always a challenge in terms of supply chain, moving things where they need to go. But we feel fairly comfortable that the ability to respond and respond quickly exists here in Uganda.","You mentioned this long and porous border. So the first case in Uganda was this 5-year-old boy who reportedly went to Congo, got the virus there then came back to Uganda with his grandmother, and they both passed. How are the borders being handled?Is security being stepped up?","Since the outbreak in DRC in August of last year, we have worked, along with other partners, with the government of Uganda, to establish screening along the border posts."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It implies that the massive border between Uganda and Eastern Congo has made it difficult to monitor the spread of the virus.","questions":"What has made it challenging to monitor the spread of the virus between Uganda and Eastern Congo?","answer":"Response"}
{"text":["I know it does.","How you doing, Tony?","I'm doing great. Listen, you heard the conversation we just had with Dave Zirin about the intersection of sports and politics. Do you agree with the basic premise that it's an issue that is ongoing and ever changing?","Oh, yeah. Absolutely, you know, Dave makes great points. What I thought was very interesting, Tony, was before the Olympics, LeBron James was going to become very interested, you know, about slave trade, and slavery in Africa. And he was making some points, saying I really want to do this, I think I'm going to do it, I think I'm going to speak out, and by the time they got to the Olympics, Tony, they had sat on LeBron. And suddenly he had changed his tune, he was well, this is nothing but sports, and we just want to keep it to sports. And to me, once again, it reinforces this whole idea of here you've got this team of multi-millionaires led by LeBron and Kobe, and these guys basically were intimidated. They were intimidated into not saying anything. So yeah, sports is very political by definition, and by the absence of it. It's just a phenomenal contradiction."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"I'm doing great\" is just a response to the question in order to lead into the conversation. Tony appears by the conversation to be a bit upset or excited","questions":"What was LeBron James planning to speak out about before the Olympics?","answer":"Slave"}
{"text":["Indeed, in fact, even over the last few hours. What we're hearing - and this really is hot off the presses, I haven't even been able to confirm it - is that the opposition, Morgan Tsvangirai's Movement for Democratic Change, is calling for a strike next week. I'm told that leaflets are being handed around town saying that there should be a strike next week, and this is clearly in protest of the delay in the release of the presidential elections.","The high court, by the way, the judge who is hearing the opposition's petition to have these results released urgently, is meant to be ruling on Monday.","Do you know why we hadn't gotten the results before now?","Ha!Tony, if I knew that, I would be a very wealthy woman. You know, it depends who you talk to. On the government's side, they're saying there has to meticulous, and this is a word we keep hearing, meticulous verification of the results. The government party, President Mugabe's ZANU-PF, has also alleged irregularities and misconduct in how the vote was carried out. And in fact, some election officials have even been arrested apparently for undercounting up to 5,000 votes in Mugabe's favor."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : hot of the presses implies that the news is very new","questions":"What was the reason for the opposition's call for a strike?","answer":"Delay"}
{"text":["And 18-year-old?","Yeah, from the Internet.","Don't try this - well, he tried it at home, I guess.","He's - I mean, so he's, you know, he sent me like his amazing pictures of jet engines in what looks like a basement, you know, flaming out."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In this turn, the speaker is using sarcasm and irony. The literal meaning suggests that the person being discussed sent impressive pictures of jet engines in a basement, which are flaming out. However, the actual meaning implies that the person's actions or pictures were not impressive or desirable.","questions":"Which turn suggests that the speaker is being sarcastic?","answer":"3"}
{"text":["Andrew Biewener said this as we were walking through the lab. It's where they first jump kangaroos and. . .","Of course.","Kangaroos on a treadmill.","To figure out how the tendons work. I mean, it really is neat stuff that I don't think \u2013 I don't think this - a lab like this exists maybe anywhere else."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In this context, the implied meaning of \"Of course\" is that Andrew Biewener's statement was not surprising or unexpected; instead, it was a natural conclusion from the context.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's statement about Andrew Biewener?","answer":"Of-course"}
{"text":["It's a lot. . .",". . . Yes.","It's a lot of money to most people around the country.","And congressman, you know, if - let me understand this, are you calling for the outright abolition of the program?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is acknowledging and agreeing with the previous speaker's statement, but does not provide any additional information or opinion. The meaning of this turn depends on the context of the conversation.","questions":"What is the PersonA's response to the previous PersonA's statement?","answer":"Agreeing"}
{"text":["Yes.","What's your view of the impact of this money arms race on American democracy?","Well, nowadays, people don't - not several million dollars, but several hundred million dollars. And the Supreme Court's ruling on Citizens United is one of the stupid and most counterproductive decisions that the Supreme Court of the United States has ever made. And I think it has basically taken away a lot of the Democrat ideals of elections in the United States that we've enjoyed down through the previous generations. So I think it's completely distorted the democratic purity or legitimacy of our elections in the United States.","Legitimacy - that's strong words."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"money arms race\" implies that the competitive spending of large amounts of money in political campaigns, particularly by wealthy individuals and corporations may have negative consequences for American democracy.","questions":"What is the term used to describe the competitive spending of large amounts of money in political campaigns?","answer":"Moneyarmsrace"}
{"text":["No. The Foreign Ministry spokesperson is not the final arbiter of all this. I think both countries do want to negotiate. The United States certainly does. And there are important actors within the Iranian political system that also do, including President Rouhani himself, who's been intrigued by the idea of negotiations with President Trump. Ultimately if they want to get out from under the sanctions, the only path out of that particular predicament is some kind of a negotiations between the two sides.","Do you think that the Trump administration is on to something when they say that a maximum pressure campaign will force Iran to the negotiating table?I mean, if you're saying Iran wants out from under these sanctions and negotiation's the way to get there, does that suggest the Trump administration is on the right track?","The maximum strategy of pressure has been tactically successful. It has put enormous pressure on Iran. It has even managed to slice Iran's oil exports - unlikely to get down to zero, but it will be close to zero. So at a tactical level, this certainly has been successful. And I think at the end of the day, it will probably press the Iranian government toward the negotiations. Now, what happens at those negotiations of course remains to be seen.","The other option is that it presses both sides to war, intentionally or unintentionally. Both sides say they don't want this. Iran's president restated that today. Do you think that war is a real risk here?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Trump administration's strategy of maximum pressure may lead Iran to negotiate","questions":"Which strategy has been tactically successful according to person A?","answer":"Maximum"}
{"text":["Not initially.","No?It didn't come in handy?","Yeah. I mean, you would think that would be an easy thing, but man, you know, that's why they have somebody for that. You know, it definitely becomes a thing trying to get people out their trailer. They're nice and comfy.","Well, did you have any other experiences in the NFL that kind of helped prepare you for the role you do now?I'm taking not doing hair probably doing - doing hair probably wasn't one of those tasks since you all wear helmets, but. . .","Yeah. I mean, but look. You know, I had natural hair. You know, I remember when I was in the league, I had my hair long enough to where it could be braided. And, you know, every week I'd have to go and get it worked on and stuff. So, you know, I think for both men and women it's definitely something that's a big part of our life. But, you know, in terms of the connection between NFL and filmmaking, it's all very team-oriented."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Getting people out of their trailers is a difficult task.","questions":"What was the thing that became a big part of life for both men and women according to PersonA in the dialogue?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Correct. We discovered to our surprise that the law was being used with fair frequency in an effort to prevent mass shootings. So we decided to focus on those cases, and we reported 21 of them. We can't prove that the recovery of firearms in most of those cases prevented mass shootings from happening, but we do know firearms were recovered or purchases blocked in most cases and the shootings didn't occur.","OK. So what we have here is not definitive proof that red flag laws do indeed work, but we have some anecdotal evidence that show they might be working. Could you give us an example of one or two of these cases you looked at?","Sure. A disgruntled former employee made credible threats to return to his workplace and kill co-workers. One of the employees of that company reported this to law enforcement, who determined that this person had just purchased a 12-gauge shotgun. And our mandatory 10-day waiting period before he could acquire the gun, there were about two days left. So during that time, law enforcement was able to go to a judge who reviewed the evidence, issued a restraining order and the purchase was blocked. So when law enforcement went to the man's house, they found 400 rounds of ammunition for that shotgun.","Wow. All right. So that's an example of maybe law enforcement intervening just in time so he couldn't get his hands on a gun that would have been used to perhaps kill his colleagues."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : red flag usually means that something very bad is obvious","questions":"Which type of law was being used with fair frequency to prevent mass shootings?","answer":"RedFlag"}
{"text":["Oh, it was wonderful. My father used to play the accordion and my brothers used to sing as well. So growing up with them, I learned a lot. It was not difficult for me to become a musician. I just have to create my own identity - that was the hard part.","(Singing in foreign language)","Some people call your sound Congo Rumba. What does that phrase mean to you and what kind of flavors do you try to put into your music?","Rumba is an old form of music that requires two people to come together and dance. It originated way back in our traditional music. Of course, the name sounds familiar because of Kuba. We know Kuba is a very strong African tradition so they played that kind of music as well. So, when it came back to us in Africa, especially in Congo, it was welcomed back home. So, it's a very old type of music, and it's about love. It's about (unintelligible). So, I like to sing for lovers. I like to sing for peace. I like to sing for people who can dance to people.","(Singing in foreign language)","You're donating percentage of the sales from the CD to the Dikembe Mutombo Foundation, and we spoke with Dikembe last year on the show. He's \u2014 just remind folks from the Democratic Republic of Congo a place for the NBA. How did you connect with his foundation?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"I just have to create my own identity - that was the hard part.\" (Literal meaning: Creating one's own identity was difficult.)","questions":"How would you describe the difficult part of becoming a musician for B?","answer":"Identity"}
{"text":["We're coming over the initial shock. It's a very strange situation to live in one of the wealthiest countries in the world. And we have been living in more luxury than almost any other nation on this planet, and now all of a sudden we find ourselves almost like beggars.","You talk about the swift difference between being so wealthy to now being in a totally different place. Is this what everyone - is the average person going through something like this?Or is this just a select few that went from being so wealthy to so not wealthy?","The general public here has been very, very well off. But now people that are starting to lose their jobs - hundreds of people that used to work in the banks have been losing their jobs recently. We know that a lot of companies are going to become bankrupt. We had almost no unemployment in the past years. We've been importing workers from Eastern Europe because we didn't have enough people to work in our companies.","So, how are people coping with this?Are they selling off their belongings?What are they doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker wonders if the average person is also experiencing a similar change in circumstances from being wealthy to not wealthy, as opposed to just a select few.","questions":"What does PersonB want to know about the situation - whether it is affecting only a select few or the average person as well?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["He used to love football because at the end of the year, we left him a gift. And it was a T-shirt, a real T-shirt of the Euro 2016 of France with his name behind the T-shirt and the number 41 on the top because we were 41 students in his class.","Heda says that she and her classmates have been talking and sharing thoughts with each other on Facebook and remembering their teacher.","I will never forget him, and he was the best ever teacher I ever had before. And I am so powerless with all this and I really want to be thankful for everything he did for us, for the class and also for me.","That's Laurence Heda, a student of Michael Pellegrini, who was killed, along with his mother and his grandparents in the Nice attack."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Laurence Heda was a student of Michael Pellegrini, who sadly died in the Nice attack, along with his mother and grandparents.","questions":"What was the name of the student who was in Michael Pellegrini's class?","answer":"Laurence"}
{"text":["It's a lot. . .",". . . Yes.","It's a lot of money to most people around the country.","And congressman, you know, if - let me understand this, are you calling for the outright abolition of the program?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is seeking clarification and confirmation about the previous speaker's stance on a particular program, which is not specified in this turn. The use of the word \"outright\" suggests that there may have been a previous discussion about the program and its potential reform or elimination.","questions":"What does the word \"outright\" imply in turn 3?","answer":"Reform"}
{"text":["I was struck by a phrase in Chris Arnold's piece about the dollar being the bedrock currency for much of the world. Is that jeopardized?","Very much so. Treasury debt is the only risk-free asset in the world. It undergirds the world's financial system, it's in everybody money market's funds. You know, China, among many other countries, buys Treasury bills like crazy - over a trillion dollars. So, if you'd have to start factoring in risk, even if it's political risk, into our debt, you know, two things happen. The rest of the world becomes less enchanted with buying it, and our interest payments - what the government has to pay to issue that debt will rise substantially.","Can I get you to play out your scenario about what happens if October 17 comes and there's no agreement?","I don't think that much will happen on October 17th. I think there's a little wiggle room. What happens on October 17th is the government loses its borrowing authority and it can only pay out the cash it has on hand. However, if we got to the end of the month and the United States missed a bond payment, I believe that you would have an event that is three, four, five, six times worse than the Lehman Brothers of five years ago. Because the banks rely on treasuries to trade with each other overnight. That's how they fund themselves. And if you take away trust in the financial system or U. S.  debt, it will be cataclysmic. The banks will freeze up. There will be no borrowing. It'll be like Lehman. The stock market will go down. It has the potential to be a true out-and-out disaster."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Banks rely on treasuries to trade with each other overnight\" does not mean that banks trade physical treasuries with each other at night. Instead, it means that banks use treasury securities as collateral to borrow money overnight from other banks.","questions":"Which securities do banks use as collateral to borrow money overnight from other banks?","answer":"Treasuries"}
{"text":["I think they have put a scare into people enough that they'd approve almost anything, and that's unfortunate. But I think we rely on our leadership. Cal Rapson, who is our vice president, has been in General Motors his entire life. I worked with Cal when I was here as a president. I think he understands the needs of auto workers, understands what GM can do and what they can't do, and I think, if we follow his leadership along with Ron Getelfinger, we're not going to be in too bad a shape.","You worked at a GM plant for 32 years. What you're seeing right now, how does that compare to what you've seen in the past?There have been troubled times before.","Never have seen anything to this magnitude. Well, my local has gone from 14,000 members to 2,000. When I was here, we were worrying about what was our next product, not worrying about whether we were going to have a product.","And so, for some of the workers that are there now with you at this UAW hall currently employed, what are they talking about?Are they coming up with a plan B in case this doesn't happen and they don't have jobs?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation is much worse than ever before and people are starting to think about alternative options if their current job is not secured.","questions":"Which word describes the workers' state of mind regarding their job security?","answer":"Insecure"}
{"text":["No. But what about the misinformation campaign that we keep discovering more about, hacking, what seems to be just a lot of Russian involvement on a lot of different fronts?Why - what is the Russian interest in causing unrest or consternation in the United States or Western Europe?","Well, actually, I think that causing unrest and consternation is an end in itself. And part of it - part of the goa; is psychological. You know, all of us are interested in seeing our worldviews affirmed. And Russia's worldview - the Russian - the contemporary Russian ideology is that the whole world is rotten. Everybody is corrupt. Everything is for sale. Elections and the United States are just as rigged as they are in Russia. And so sowing the kind of disruption that Russia is sowing first and foremost pursues the goal of affirming that view.","Much of your book is devoted to the stories of four Russians who'd hoped that when the Soviet Union came undone, free speech and democracy would take hold. What happened instead?","Well, actually, those four Russians were much too young to hope for anything when the Soviet Union collapsed. They were preschoolers or kindergarteners when the Soviet Union collapsed. But what happened - and I was interested in them because they came of age - you know, they - or they became human beings in the 1990s, a period that is variously portrayed as a flowering of democracy or as a period of chaos and, you know, robber barons and that sort of thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) the literal meaning of \"hoped\" is different from the implied meaning of \"came of age\" which is that they were old enough to form their own opinions.","questions":"Which word in turn 3 implies that the four Russians were old enough to form their own opinions?","answer":"Came"}
{"text":["That's right, yeah. I mean, these - the owners of these brains in life, you know, they lived at this state hospital. Just looking at the condition of the brains now I can only imagine what they endured in life and now their brains were taken by questionable means. It's not entirely clear if it was legal for them to be taken by the doctor at the state hospital and then they were put in these jars. And it's upsetting to look at them, honestly, to see, you know, to imagine the circumstances of their life and then to see them there - it makes you consider your own brain, I suppose.","Well, a tough story to report. Thank you for doing it, Matt.","No problem.","Matt Largey, of member station KUT in Austin."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"It makes you consider your own brain, I suppose.\" - This turn is a figurative expression that means the speaker is reflecting on their own life and experiences in comparison to the circumstances of the individuals whose brains were taken.","questions":"What does the speaker mean by saying \"I suppose\"?","answer":"Uncertainty"}
{"text":["And there is a desperate need both for international humanitarian law to be observed in the conduct of the war to protect civilians but also for a move towards political negotiations and a political settlement, because it is now nearly two years since I sat at the United Nations with foreign ministers from the Gulf States who said they wanted a political settlement then. But it is no closer, and the bombing has undoubtedly deepened the divide inside Yemen and made it far harder to bring peace.","And this is the conduct of the war by Saudi Arabia?","The Saudi-led coalition has air power. The Houthis, who are an Iranian-backed rebel group, are on the ground. It's not the job of these humanitarians to take sides in the conflict. We don't take sides in the conflict. What we do is call out the abuse of international humanitarian law on all sides. And the striking thing about the Yemen conflict and the three other countries that are in danger of famine in Africa - in Somalia, in South Sudan that we've talked about, north and northeast Nigeria - these are man-made famine.","Mr.  Miliband, you've been a politician. How do you sustain interest in problems that are very remote from the lives of everyday Americans?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : inquiring about strategies or approaches politicians use to engage and maintain public attention for issues that may seem disconnected or less relevant to the lives of everyday Americans.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue refers to countries in danger of famine apart from Yemen?","answer":"Somalia,South,Sudan,Nigeria"}
{"text":["And that is how I developed as a scientist. I have - was so totally engaged in this, doing it at a more complex and maybe more sophisticated level, by the time I got to undergraduate studies that I never thought of ever doing anything else.","My last expedition, my last two, I did at the ages of 82 and 83. I went to the South Pacific with a team I led to explore new ant forms never before studied in the island of - of the islands of the Vanuatu Archipelago. It was rugged field work. And then I went to Mozambique to the national park of Gorongosa.","So I'm still doing the same thing but at a bigger - on a larger scale.","Talking with E. O. Wilson, author of \"Letters to a Young Scientist\". We'll be back with the rest of our conversation after this break. Stay with us. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"it was rugged field work\" implies that it was physically challenging field work in rugged terrain.","questions":"What type of work did PersonA do during their last expedition?","answer":"Field."}
{"text":["We look for simple answers, so we look at the Sudan sometimes as Islam versus Christianity. That's not really what's at stake. Or we look at it as the Arabs against the non-Arabs. We don't look at the problems that are the result of the boundaries that were set up. We don't look at the impact of the changing climate. We don't look at the issues of oil, we don't look at the corrupt government that's running the Sudan.","So, we don't spend the time, and then what happens is we throw up our hands when there is no easy solution. I think part of what would help, frankly, is more programs like yours, where there's a deeper examination as to the roots of the situation. And, I think, then people would be less likely to fall into fatigue. But when you're looking for simple answers and they don't arrive, I think people would rather just hide under the pillows.","Here's another case of tough decisions to be made. We have talked about attacks against African immigrants who come to South Africa. Now, it seems that there is Ugandan - attacks against Ugandans, there have been attacks against Zimbabweans and Mozambiquens.","There's a new commission by the president to try to look into this attack - series of attacks. What's that commission trying to do?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : hide under the pillows implies not being straightforward or saying lies and not to physically hide or cover their bodies with pillows in the bed","questions":"How does \"A\" suggest that people can avoid falling into fatigue?","answer":"Deeper"}
{"text":["Yeah. And I had kind of come across this - oh, put that to one side - and once I did look into it, I couldn't put it down because it is dynamite. And it's based primarily - the starting point, the kicking off point is there was a secret cabal of British imperialists and colonialists that wanted to recreate the British Empire. And in 1891, they sat down in a caucus in order to make this happen, they would have to deal with the one emerging power, and that, of course, was Germany. Germany was at that time a rising power, industrialization and evermore world importance. And so the premise of the book is that there was a contrivance from 1891 right through 1914. And it is very, very meticulously documented as to how this was achieved.","Let me ask you about the fiction you've been reading now, including one - a series in which a taxi driver. . .","Oh. . .",". . . Not to my surprise whatsoever, is the hero."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is dynamite implies that the information is very surprising and important","questions":"How would you describe the information in turn 0?","answer":"Surprising"}
{"text":["And we also really want to have a voice on the job. As the ones on the ground, we have a lot of valuable information to share, both in terms of what our students need but also in terms of being, like, stewards of this practice. And so we really want to be able to stand up for the integrity of what we do, our work.","What kind of response have you received from YogaWorks in your effort to unionize?","The initial response we got was not exactly what we were hoping for. The emails that we got were actually full of quite a bit of misinformation and what I've come to see as, you know, a pretty typical union-busting tactics - telling us that we'd have to pay really high dues, that there would be a flat rate, that we'd lose all power. Since then, there's been a changeover in the CEO position. And his tone so far seems to be different. He seems to be taking a different approach. But we have yet to see what actually happened. So, you know, the proof will be in the action. And also, the offer to recognize us still stands, and he hasn't taken us up on that either. So we'll see.","Markella, how many yoga instructors are involved in this unionization effort?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Voice\" and \"stand up\" are both figurative. The first means have influence, the second means support (not physically stand up).","questions":"How does the speaker define the phrase \"stand up\"?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["And it is important. Some people say that the administration is risking the advancement, that Iran is just playing for time as it has in previous discussions and spinning things out and asking for preliminary meetings and other discussions technical to - just to play this out as long as possible to continue their development, to continue to enrich uranium. And then that the administration is playing a game, saying, well, let's wait until November 5th.","Well, I think the administration has its eyes wide open in terms of Iranian negotiating tactics. And again, they have been clear that this is not an open-ended negotiation. This is not forever. I think they're going to lay down some markers that certain steps need to be taken as an - as evidence of good faith. And if they're not taken, then that's going to send a message that, you know, look, this isn't serious.","Since the last round of negotiations, Iranian officials have said publicly that Iran will insist on the right to negotiate to continue to enrich uranium to the 20 percent level. That is one of the issues that is very much under discussion at these talks. How much credence should we put in public statements by senior Iranian officials about non-negotiable positions?","I think, given what we know about the internal divisions within Iran on some of these issues and the - their negotiating behavior in the past where they've made outrageous public statements and then in negotiations walk right - walked them right back, I wouldn't put too much credence in those statements at this point."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker is suggesting that given Iran's past negotiating behavior and internal divisions, it would be unwise to take too seriously any public statements made by Iranian officials about their negotiating positions. The implied meaning is that the speaker believes that Iran may be using public statements to gain leverage in the negotiations, and that the true negotiating position may be different from what is publicly stated.","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion on public statements made by Iranian officials about their negotiating positions?","answer":"unwise"}
{"text":["Let's start with the AP style guide - maybe I should say the Associated Press style guide because we're going to be talking about abbreviations. Those sometimes present decisions, right?Do we always need the say Internal Revenue Service on first reference?Doesn't everybody kind of know the UN or FBI by its initials, or NPR for that matter?So AP has now ruled about BLT.","They have. We can say BLT on first reference. Now I should start out by saying that NPR - we have our own standards and styles, but we usually are in line with AP's. In this case, I found a reference going back, at least to 2002 by someone named Scott Simon. . .","(Laughter) Oh, no.",". . . Who referred to a BLT as a BLT without saying bacon, lettuce and tomato.","I bring this up though because, as I don't have to tell you of all people, Mark, there are initials that have entered everyday language because they're abbreviations for profanities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"referred to a BLT as a BLT without saying bacon, lettuce and tomato\" - The literal meaning is that the person referred to a BLT sandwich without mentioning its components, which is also the actual meaning.","questions":"Which sandwich did Scott Simon refer to without mentioning its components?","answer":"BLT"}
{"text":["Well, I say that may be the case. And I'm for affirmative action. I'm for giving opportunities to minorities. I'm for immigration reform. I'm a very proud Hispanic. But I just think the Democratic Party has to communicate a better message of economic populism, of helping small businesses. Somehow the centrist white male, the conservative white male that used to vote Democratic from the South and the Midwest is eluding us. And we've got to get that base back or get some portion of the base because they're leaving us in droves.","And what about those politicians that might say, hey, look, we won a couple of national elections with the demographics that we have in the Democratic Party.","Well, what I say to them is that's great. But we've lost the Congress. We've lost the House. We've lost the Senate. We lose governorships. And, you know, it's not just the presidency that has the power in this country. It's local officials, it's county commissioners, it's governors. It's not just the Congress. It's a whole range of offices where we're not competing because we - we need a stronger, compelling economic message. And somehow, that seems to be eluding us if you look at recent elections, especially in the South and the Midwest.","You've already cited Bernie Sanders. And I gather you have endorsed Hillary Clinton for the Democratic nomination for president. How do you think Secretary Clinton addresses these issues?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : suggests that the Democratic Party must put forth a more persuasive and powerful economic message to win more elections","questions":"What is the main challenge for the Democratic Party according to the statement in turn 2?","answer":"Economic"}
{"text":["I'm Tony Cox, and this is NEWS AND NOTES. On today's Africa update, is Somalia the forgotten crisis?Plus, Spain indicts 40 Rwandan military officers for genocide. And HIV positive men get arrested in Egypt. For more, we've got Bill Fletcher. He is a Senior Scholar with the Institute for Policy Studies and former president of TransAfrica Forum. Bill, nice to talk to you again.","I'm glad to be back.","Let's start with Somalia. United Nations Agency UNICEF says the lives of up to 15,000 children are at risk in Somalia unless emergency aid arrives in the next few weeks. It also says children in Somalia are more at risk than children anywhere else in the world. Now since fighting in the capital Mogadishu began nearly six months ago, thousands have fled the city and are living in refugee camps. They are facing starvation and disease. Question number one: Why does Somalia have such a pressing humanitarian crisis right now?","Well, as you know, Somalia has been in a state of almost constant turmoil since 1991 when Siad Barre was overthrown and a clan-based civil war unfolded. And the Somali state, there was no government. It basically collapsed and had been non existent basically until the union of Islamic Courts - an Islamist group - took over power years ago."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Somalia has been in a state of almost constant turmoil\" is a figurative expression, as \"state of turmoil\" is a metaphorical way of describing the ongoing conflict and instability in Somalia. \"Collapsed and had been non-existent\" is also figurative language, as the country still existed physically but lacked a functioning government.","questions":"How would you describe the state of Somalia since 1991?","answer":"Civil-war"}
{"text":["So when we are forced to cut, we have to decide which is the best way to do it. We can do a shallow cut, like 10 percent 20 percent of the full ration. Or we can do a deep cut if we think the contributions will not be coming in anytime soon. The difficulty with doing a deep cut is that over the longer period, of course, people will become malnourished. Their immune systems will be suppressed. And if the cuts continue, or they're getting absolutely no food from WFP, inevitably, over time, they will fall sick. And, ultimately, many people will perish.","So - I mean, forgive me. It's one thing to make appealing ads that people are in danger of starving to death. What you're saying now is, because there's a crunch for aid, people are in danger of dying slowly.","That's what, in the end, will happen to the most vulnerable. It's the women and the children who will go first. The difficulty about the situation confronting us in 2018, however, is that it comes on the heels of 2017, when the world really pulled itself together, and our donors and donors for other organizations stepped up and provided a lot of funding because we were facing what was said to be the greatest humanitarian needs. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker is describing the vulnerability of women and children in a humanitarian crisis, the implied meaning is that despite the significant amount of funding provided in 2017, the situation has worsened in 2018 and there is still a critical need for aid.","questions":"How is turn 3 different from its literal meaning?","answer":"Worsened"}
{"text":["I don't know why anybody thinkS that a presidential candidate would be playing presidential politics. But his feeling - McCain's feeling is that he's talked to enough House Republicans who probably liked the fact that McCain got involved, felt that there was some possible - if not a framework, some advancement towards a goal, towards a solution and we shall allow him to go down to Oxford.","So, what do you expect to see there tonight?","Well, you know ostensibly, the subject is foreign policy, national security. But you know that - with this on everybody's mind and certainly the voters' minds, with less than six weeks to go, the questions will be about the bailout. I suspect though that - I'm not convinced that neither McCain nor Obama really know exactly what to do with it. And hopefully they won't play the blame game, which is so much of what's going on in Washington right now.","Well, let me ask you, how important does this debate seem now at this moment. I mean, maybe it's just simply blown away by the financial story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"It's just simply blown away\" implies that the financial story is much more important than the debate.","questions":"How does \"blown away\" describe the importance of the financial story in relation to the debate?","answer":"More"}
{"text":["Unlike other more indigenous groups to Afghanistan - like the Taliban, which generally tries not to kill civilians, at least as much as possible - ISIS in Afghanistan has done exactly the opposite. Much like their brethren in Iraq and Syria, anybody is game.","How big a threat are they?Have they eclipsed the Taliban?","Well, I think one has to put ISIS in Afghanistan into perspective. They are not a populist movement. They don't have a large support base either among Afghans or a large number of fighters. U. S.  estimates are down in the 2-to-3,000 realm, which is an order of magnitude lower than the Taliban. But what they're willing to do is to conduct high-profile attacks against Afghan and international targets in cities like Jalalabad and Kabul. And that makes them certainly a threat, but it doesn't make them a threat to overthrow the Kabul regime.","Is there coordination between the Taliban, or are they rivals?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : ISIS in Afghanistan is a threat through high-profile attacks","questions":"What kind of attacks make ISIS a threat in Afghanistan?","answer":"High-profile"}
{"text":["Here's a small piece of the big picture. We ask you our listeners to write in with stories about how you're doing these days financially. We call the series The Real Economy. We've heard from more than a 150 people, among them Jon Diebold in Cincinnati. Jon, what station do you hear our show on there?","91. 7 WVXU.","Well, thanks for listening. And you lead a pretty busy life there at work and at home. You own a small restaurant. How are things?","Well, it's been rough. The economy, I think, is affecting everyone and certainly those with discretionary disposable income.","Yeah. Do you do a lunch business there?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The restaurant is experiencing a decline in business due to the current economic situation","questions":"What is causing the decline in the restaurant's business?","answer":"Economy"}
{"text":["And I think my - like, I never liked the term African-American. I think it's a horrible term because it all-encompassing. It's just African-American, you know?What African?African where?African - you can't just say that, you know?When you look at white Americans, it's very specific. You go, oh, he's Italian-American. Yeah, I'm an Italian-American. And you've got, you know, you've got your Jewish Americans, and you've got your Irish Americans. Everyone's proud of their culture. The African-American, it's just - it's, you know?African where?","Well, for so long nobody really knew where they were from.","But exactly. But I think that the first step to - I guess to finding peace, I find, is knowing where you are from. You know, where you are from determines a lot of who you are. And so for me, you know, Ghanaian American, Nigerian, you'll discover so much in your culture when you know just a little bit about where you're from.","Do you find it interesting that we have a president who is literally African-American?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Do you find it interesting that we have a president who is literally African-American?\" - The literal meaning of this turn is a question about the speaker's opinion on having a president of African American descent, but the actual meaning is a comment on the significance of Barack Obama's presidency as a milestone in American history and a recognition of the progress made in race relations.","questions":"How is the actual meaning of turn 3 different from its literal meaning?","answer":"comment"}
{"text":["Well, I've read that you just - you know, you loved tinkering with cars from the time you were a teenager.","Yeah, ever since my dad can remember. He said I must've been about 4 or 5 years old, and there was somebody in the neighborhood working on the car. I was usually standing on the bumper, under the hood and pointing at things and wondering what things were and sometimes even giving my own opinion of what I thought was going on.","So from your teens into your 40s, you become an increasingly successful auto repair entrepreneur and businessman. What makes you, in your 40s, wind up in medical school?","I really wanted to grow the business or - I didn't really know exactly which direction I wanted to go into, but I felt like I needed some foundational training in business if I were to do this correctly. So I ended up checking out some local colleges to see who had a degree program and came across Ursuline College in Pepper Pike."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person loved working on cars from the time they were a teenager.","questions":"Which hobby did the person develop from their teenage years?","answer":"Cars."}
{"text":["What do you see unfolding as a result of this election, whether or not Senator Obama wins or Senator McCain wins?Do you think it's going to advance how people think about race and how people deal with it in their own lives?","I think it's very much an open question. I think the risk is of course that if Obama wins, a lot of white folks will want to declare that racism is obviously dead. And that I think would be ridiculously premature. The evidence of institutional and systemic discrimination against millions of people of color is still very obvious in spite of the success of this one man of color. Just as we know that Benazir Bhutto becoming prime minister of Pakistan, not one but twice, didn't mean sexism wasn't a problem in Pakistan. Same thing here, with racism and Obama, we in the culture have got to understand if we want his success up to now to mean anything beyond him, if we want it to mean something in terms of turning the corner and addressing the issues of racism and white privilege and inequality in this country, that's going to be up to us. That's going to require us to get out there and challenge systemic and institutional discrimination in housing, in the job market, in the criminal justice system. And not put all of our eggs in the basket of electoral politics.","Well Tim, great to talk to you. Thanks.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The success of one man of color does not mean the end of systemic discrimination against people of color, and addressing issues of racism and white privilege requires active effort beyond electoral politics.","questions":"How does the success of one man of color relate to institutional discrimination?","answer":"Relate"}
{"text":["How do you feel about the United States now?","It was my home, and it is my home. And it will be my home because I have nowhere else to go. If I went somewhere else, I wouldnt be alive.","Is there something you'd like the Army and the Department of Defense and everyone to know about you?","I am more patriotic than many Americans. I am ready to lay my life down for this country and for the safety of its people. Im not a bad person, and I have never committed a crime. My life is in danger if the institutions like USCIS and DOD does not help me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker needs the help of the Army and DOD to survive because his life is in danger.","questions":"How is the PersonA's life?","answer":"Danger"}
{"text":["Well, you know, I'll tell you, there is a recent study showing that when you do learning at night, you retain it better, and this may be why the bedtime story has survived the centuries and been such a beloved institution.","We actually are doing research ourselves. We did a small study last summer with Boys & Girls Clubs in New Jersey where the kids got a fun math problem every day, and we tested them before and after the six weeks. And while most kids slide two or three months in skills over the summer, we found that 72 percent of these kids actually did better. . .","Wow.",". . . at the end of the summer. So we're now doing a study with the University of Chicago for the next five years to see if we can pin down what's happening."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They want to find out what is happening not take a pin to it.","questions":"What are they trying to do with their study?","answer":"investigate"}
{"text":["You know, there are a number of reporters who've contacted me that have said, what do you we do?I've got sinusitis. What do I do?It clearly is a prevalent problem in the general population. But clearly, we need controlled clinical trials to determine the efficacy of these kinds of interventions. And the FDA has ruled that if we are doing such trials, we need investigational drug status for every species that we want to instill into a patient to treat our disease.","So it maybe a while before we can actually get to a point where we would be instilling these kinds of organisms into the sinuses. But it's certainly another way of thinking about treating chronic inflammatory disease, of the sinuses, at least. There's certainly prostins in the gastrointestinal tract. For example, when there's recalcitrant C.  difficile, clostridium difficile infection, which is this thing that outgrows when patients have had, again, a lot of antimicrobials and have depleted diversity. Fecal transplant works very well.","So taking the feces of a spouse or a relative, and basically repopulating the gastrointestinal tract with those species, has a rate of 91 percent efficacy. So I think we could consider this for mucosal services as, perhaps, the general rule that this kind of restoration ecology approach to try to reinstate the healthy protective organisms in this niches, maybe an alternative strategy for treating some of these chronic inflammatory diseases.","Yeah. Did we once all have them and they went away somehow?Or what - why did some of us have the healthy population and some of us don't?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The healthy protective organisms in mucosal services can be reinstated by repopulating the gastrointestinal tract with healthy species.","questions":"What is the alternative strategy for treating chronic inflammatory diseases mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Restoration"}
{"text":["Oh, lovely to be here, Neal.","And everybody knows Frederick Douglass met with Abraham Lincoln at the White House, what, 35, 40 years earlier. What's the big deal about Booker T.  Washington coming to dinner?","Well, what happened was African-Americans were invited to meet in offices. They built the White House. They worked for the various presidents. But they were never ever invited to sit down at the president's table. And when that happened, the outrage was just unbelievable.","And you write that the outrage was not - it was about crossing that social line. Yes, you can talk to African-Americans, you can have relations with them, business dealings, all kinds of relationships but not sit down at dinner, not have a social relationship."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a deeper meaning or intention behind their words or actions, which requires further investigation or understanding to fully grasp.","questions":"What was the reason behind the outrage?","answer":"Social"}
{"text":["I don't really describe myself. I don't have a - I don't label myself really. I've done some interviewing in the past and just, you know, strike up a general conversation with people usually in sort of a casual environment. And for some reason, usually, people will talk to me.","And I have to say, you've got great researching skills. I read that you even dug up Carter Page's undergrad thesis, and you spoke with his U. S. Naval Academy thesis adviser. That's amazing. Why did you do that, and how did you go that deep?","I don't know. I just - I have a curiosity about this whole situation, and I really wanted to get to the bottom of it. So I - you know, the easiest way to say it is no stone left unturned.","You say, you know, you want to contribute to the investigation, but how are you different than a journalist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"no stone left unturned\" - This implies that the speaker is determined to investigate thoroughly and not overlook any possible leads or sources of information.","questions":"How would you describe the PersonA's approach to the investigation? (Answer: Thoroughly)","answer":"Thoroughly"}
{"text":["So you get a sense of how this whole thing is going. Obviously, we should then inject alcohol into the situation. For his new show, Brad spent some time around Austin, Texas. So to cap off the visit, we made a cocktail - a paloma made out of a spirit called sotol, distilled from a plant that grows in the Texas desert.","All right. So first up. . .","Yeah.",". . . We're going to mix it with a little grapefruit. OK, I'm going to make a little grapefruit juice."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) B: \"Obviously, we should then inject alcohol into the situation.\" - This turn does not mean that they should literally inject alcohol into something, but rather that they should add alcohol to the situation.","questions":"What did PersonB suggest to do to the situation?","answer":"Inject"}
{"text":["You've been on this beat for a while.","I have, a decade or so.","Any - ever seen anything like it?","Wow. I think this is a story I will tell the grandkids about covering."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : being on this beat for a while implies that someone has been known with a thing or regularly involved in activity ","questions":"Which story?","answer":"This"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely.","You know, like, what are some of the other barbecue don'ts that come up when all of you all get together?","I think hovering is a big one, people who want to jump on the grill before they've been invited to, people who think they're helping out by bringing a side of beef that they figure you have room on the grill to just add that into your menu, any kind of, you know, presumptuous guests.","What about some barbecue do's?Are there some do's that you wish people would do that they perhaps don't think to do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : don'ts  refers to unacceptable behavior and activities ","questions":"How does turn 1 relate to the implied meaning of turn 0?","answer":"Relate"}
{"text":["I don't know how long people's memories are about that, Jackie, and I raised that because it seems that most people seemed to have understood that President Obama inherited this economic crisis, and yet there is a question as to how long they will allow him to enjoy the good feeling of support before they turn on him. . .","Right.","If things don't turn in the economy quickly.","Well, that's right. You know, we're all hemming and hawing about this package. All will be forgotten. What people will remember is whether or not they felt like it worked. I think, you know, all the polls suggest now that the people really know the he did inherit this. He has - there's no blame for it and it's a, you know, nobody really knows what to do, they're just sort of experimenting much as Franklin Roosevelt did, you know 70 years ago. And - but I think that he definitely has to be seen as competent and that was a big rap against George Bush, that overtime people of the overwhelming majority of Americans just thought he was proven incompetent in handling the economy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : hemming and hawing is another way of saying they were complaining.... A LOT","questions":"Which phrase describes how people felt about the economic crisis?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah. yeah.","So. . .","You know, you had - your career - I mean, you've done a lot of things - you've been a model; you've been a teacher, as we said - but getting your record career going was a little bumpy.","Very bumpy. And I was a musician first. I did all the other stuff to try to fund my music career, and yeah, it took a long time. It took about seven years to get my deal off the ground for a variety of reasons. The music industry is in flux. I mean, we'd have deals on the table; they'd fall through. And in that time, we just kind of kept moving forward, which you have to do. So. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Even though they faced many obstacles in their music career, they persevered and continued to move forward.","questions":"How did the person in the dialogue handle the obstacles in their music career?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["What is - let's start with this. What is your personal collection to the work and the images in this book?","Well, to me this was a labor of love. I've been living in the U. S. I came back to England. It's my homeland. I came back to London, my home city, and I felt that the culture of the young black people in particular here were suffering from a kind of deficit, historically speaking.","There were younger people in my neighborhood who were bereft of history, who took their idea of themselves from watching their kind of generic hip-hop video material that they got from the video screen rather than really inquiring into the particular history and experience of our communities in this country.","As I looked at the book, I was trying to find a theme, and I don't know if I found one or not. What was, in your view, the major trends or themes that you saw unfolding over the century that are depicted in these photographs?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning in turn (2) is that the author created the book out of a desire to educate young black people about their cultural history, which they may not have learned from mainstream media sources such as hip-hop videos.","questions":"Which community is suffering from a historical deficit according to the author's perception?","answer":"Young"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. A skyscraper overlooking the Sydney Harbor was named best tall building from Asia and Australia. Why?Why was this tall building a standout?","Well, this, again, is a very beautiful tower, but that is innovating in that a large part of the building is naturally ventilated. And we lost our way with tall buildings in architecture generally maybe 60, 70 years ago when we had the freedom to disconnect them from their environment by creating enclosed, mechanically ventilated boxes.","So this is a, you know, a 60-story tower in Sydney which uses the wind, the ventilation, to naturally ventilate a huge atrium, which runs the full height of the building. Quite innovative.","You say that 95 percent of the tall buildings in the world are terribly designed."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"lost our way\" is a figurative expression that means to have made a mistake or taken the wrong approach in a certain area. It does not refer to physical location or direction.","questions":"Which expression is used figuratively in turn 1?","answer":"Lost"}
{"text":["Well, up until about two decades ago there were no rights for crime victims. Victims were treated basically as another part of the evidence of the crime. So, really we've seen a great development in crime victims' rights in the criminal and juvenile justice systems since that time.","Who pioneered that change?","Really, it was driven by the experience of victims and survivors themselves. Like the example of Miss Hawkins, who turned the worst event in her life into a catalyst to make a difference for other people, so that other people wouldn't have to go through the same thing that she went through, that's the story of the Victims' Rights Movement. It has been people who felt that they were so poorly treated by the criminal justice system, that they had to make a difference and make sure it would be better for the next person.","How would you define victims' rights?Just you know, what do you think victims' rights really means?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Victims themselves have been the driving force behind the development of victims' rights.","questions":"How was the Victims' Rights Movement initiated?","answer":"Experience"}
{"text":["And not to make any comparisons, but I seem to recall that there was a time when J. Crew was a catalog retailer - didn't have any real stores. And now, of course, they've got plenty of them in addition to a very ambitious online retail site.","Absolutely. The way that I've thought about these Shopify stores is they're undoubtedly strange because they're new, but their model is fundamentally not that different from, like, a big corporate enterprise. It's just that the tools have democratized the ability for people to tap into the globalized economy. And so before, it took the idea of having a supply chain and having all these people who would know factory owners in China and all these other kinds of things - that took a lot of infrastructure.","What these tools have done is eliminate the need for all that infrastructure. And so now it's this alternative way into what is a real thing about our economy, which is that many, many of the goods that we all purchase are made in Asian factories and are sold to us at a very high markup from their production costs.","So where's the coat now, may I ask?","It's hanging up in my closet, kind of towards the back - in there with the things that are too small for me to fit into now (laughter). But I'll bring it out at some point, I'm sure. Everyone needs a coat like that, you know, maybe for gardening or something."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Shopify stores have democratized the ability for people to tap into the globalized economy.","questions":"Which tool has eliminated the need for infrastructure in tapping into the globalized economy?","answer":"Shopify"}
{"text":["(Laughter) I'm not sure if that's a compliment, Steve. But thanks.","I don't know. If it means tough, if it means on top of things, it is you, Melissa. Own it.","Well, gosh. Thanks.","She's in Lyon, France. This is NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B encourages Melissa to take pride in being tough and on top of things","questions":"How would you describe Melissa based on PersonB's encouragement?","answer":"Tough"}
{"text":[". . . a day. And. . .",". . . capsized on this catamaran. He's there with this guy called Rene Wassing, the Dutch anthropologist, and his last words are: I think I can make it.","I think I can make it. And he dove in and swam to shore, and was never seen again.","Now, you went to Asmat yourself. You are a writer who's worked in many countries, but you say this is 10,000 square miles of maybe one of the wildest places on earth.","Yeah. It's the southwest coast of what's now Indonesian Papua, was then Dutch New Guinea; and it is a swamp."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) B's last words were \"I think I can make it\" and then he dove in and swam to shore, but he was not able to make it and was never seen again. The actual meaning here is that B was optimistic about his chances of survival and tried to make a run for it, but ultimately failed.","questions":"What were PersonB's last words before he dove in the water?","answer":"I"}
{"text":["The strategy, Scott, is really hard to describe in Syria. So in Iraq, there is a clear strategy. You can like it or not, or you can say it's succeeding or not, but it's basically to build up the capacity of the Iraqi security forces to battle ISIL. To help build up more capacity in Sunni areas and the Anbar province. . .","Well, but let me - forgive me, Senator.","Yeah.","I don't want to impersonate the last debate that we just saw, but we've just got. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the literal meaning implies that B is asking for forgiveness from the Senator. However, the implied meaning is that B wants to interject or interrupt the conversation, acknowledging the potential interruption in a polite manner.","questions":"How did PersonB convey their desire to interject or interrupt the conversation?","answer":"Interject"}
{"text":["Before the pardon, he was thinking about working through the Justice Department to help Arpaio off. And this was not because, necessarily, the merits of the case. The Washington Post reports that this was because the president saw Arpaio as an ally, a loyalist who needed to be protected.","You mentioned Congress comes back after Labor Day. Do you think Republicans go it alone and maybe pass what laws they want and then send them up to President Trump for his signature at this point?","When it comes to tax reform, Congress will take the lead. The White House is not trying to outline the details. Look for Congress to try to set where the rates are on corporations and on individuals and just try to get the president to sign it so he can maybe get a victory. That's what they've been seeking in Congress. They weren't able to get health care through. They're going to try to get a simple tax care package through.","Robert Costa is national political reporter for The Washington Post. Robert, thanks a lot."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.","questions":"How do the turns in this conversation appear to be?","answer":"Literal"}
{"text":["Absolutely. That is something that needs to be considered carefully for Senator Coleman. He's a relatively young man, very successful politician from his time as a mayor of St.  Paul to his time in the Senate, and there's a lot of rhetoric from his legal team right now. But who knows?Once this looks like it starts to get being wrapped up, the senator himself may decide that it's not politically advantageous for him to drag this into a courtroom.","If Norm Coleman were to do that, to say, well, I won't fight it any farther, isn't he in a way disenfranchising and disappointing, to say the least, the people who voted for him?","Well, I suppose that's a risk he would have to take. I think, though, that you look at this numbers, this is so close right now, and that, at some point, somebody's going to have to take that Senate seat. And if Senator Coleman looks at it and decides that this is not going to behoove him, it's not going to further his political career to fight this in court, he might make that decision. And his supporters might be happy that he leaves himself potentially better positioned for another job down the road, maybe the governor of Minnesota or something.","New York Senator Charles Schumer said yesterday that Franken had already won the election. Until recently, Schumer was the head of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee. Does that sort of open declaration carry weight there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is being implied that it will be difficult to proceed to court.","questions":"What is the risk Senator Coleman would undertake if he decides not to fight the case in court?","answer":"Disenfranchising"}
{"text":["He hasn't always fallen right in line with Trump by any means. He hasn't always fallen right in line with Trump by any means. He's been critical of Putin over some gas projects that he's been involved in. He's been critical of Putin over some gas projects that he's been involved in. But generally, he has held the Trump line. But generally, he has held the Trump line. So I think this is going to be interesting to go in. So I think this is going to be interesting to go in. He did have that one key moment in the text chain where he came in and clearly stated this was not quid pro quo but then suggested they get offline. He did have that one key moment in the text chain where he came in and clearly stated this was not quid pro quo but then suggested they get offline. So. . . So. . .","Right. Right.","So we'll see what happens once he jumps in there. So we'll see what happens once he jumps in there.","Are people following this in Portland?Are people following this in Portland?I mean, how are they reacting?I mean, how are they reacting?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"fallen right in line with\" implies to agree with. \"held the Trump line\" implies to agree with Trump's position. ","questions":"How has the person in question generally aligned with Trump's position?","answer":"Agreed"}
{"text":["There's been such wild swings. You know, in 2014, we were here talking about a dreadful harvest in Italy that was mostly due to the olive oil fruit fly, which was a big problem following a warmer-than-usual winter. This year, it's a deep freeze. And among farmers in Italy, they feel like these extreme swings are happening more often. Experts that we talked to believe that climate change is a factor.","I don't know the Olive Oil Times.","(Laughter) Well, you should. It's the most read olive oil publication. You know, it seems niche, but there are 3 million people around the world who make - who work to make olive oil. It's a very important food, one of the healthiest products that the Earth provides us. And there's a lot to tell. It's also a cultural cornerstone for the Mediterranean region and the rest of us.","Curtis Cord, publisher of the Olive Oil Times, we'll be reading it. Thanks so much, Mr.  Cord."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Olive oil is an important and healthy food with cultural significance","questions":"What is the cultural significance of olive oil?","answer":"Cultural"}
{"text":["So take us back. How did you go from drinking the occasional glass of wine to pursuing professional wine-drinking?","So most people have their wine epiphany as, well, drinking an incredible glass of wine. My wine epiphany happened while I was watching other people drink and in particular, because I got sucked into watch - binge-watching YouTube videos of the Best Sommelier in the World competition. And all my life, I have been obsessed with obsession. And so when I stumbled into this subculture, I was hooked. I was just fascinated by these stories.","And so you go on this journey. And one of the things that I found really interesting is that training to be a sommelier is not quite like getting day drunk with your friends. You're not just, like. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"My wine epiphany happened while I was watching other people drink and in particular, because I got sucked into watch - binge-watching YouTube videos of the Best Sommelier in the World competition. And all my life, I have been obsessed with obsession. And so when I stumbled into this subculture, I was hooked. I was just fascinated by these stories.\"  In this turn, the actual meaning is different from the literal meaning because the speaker is not simply talking about watching other people drink wine and getting interested in it. The implied meaning is that the speaker became deeply engrossed in the world of sommeliers and their stories through watching videos, which led to their passion for pursuing professional wine-drinking. The emphasis is on the fascination with the sommelier subculture rather than just watching people drink wine.","questions":"How did PersonA's wine epiphany differ from most people's?","answer":"Sommelier"}
{"text":["There's something magical about that part of a meal that really seems to have inspired the book. Like, the beginning, when everyone is, like, just arriving and gathering and, like, what you want to serve in a moment like that.","Yeah. I mean, even just hearing you describe it that way, it's the best moment of a party. So, you know, everyone's hugging and kissing, and there's catching up and clinking of wine glasses. And it's just the best moment. And I think when those first platters of food start to roll out of the kitchen, it's just a celebration.","Do you ever really sit down, or is it constant movement, like, more plates coming out and just kind of wandering around and eating and talking?","What I love about antipasti is that even in a restaurant, oftentimes they'll have sort of a big communal table in the center of the restaurant, and they'll allow you to come up with, you know, your plate and a big spoon and just kind of point to or pick through and serve yourself whatever you want from the antipasti spread. So that's kind of the most interactive moment of the meal, which is maybe also why it's one of my favorites."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"pick through and serve yourself whatever you want\" - This is a figurative expression, meaning to choose items from the antipasti spread rather than actually picking through the food with one's fingers.","questions":"What is the most interactive moment of the meal?","answer":"communal-table"}
{"text":["It looks like a stationary bike.","And in your video - it's our Video Pick of the Week, which you have called the best laboratory in the world?","It was enamored with this lab. I'm just going to be honest. I thought it was the coolest lab.","Coolest lab in the world."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B: \"And in your video - it's our Video Pick of the Week, which you have called the best laboratory in the world?\" In this turn, the phrase \"best laboratory in the world\" is likely being used metaphorically to describe the quality or significance of the subject being discussed in the video, rather than referring to an actual physical laboratory.","questions":"How was the \"best laboratory in the world\" being described in turn 1?","answer":"Metaphorically"}
{"text":["Because we are, alas, almost never chased by lions now, our stressors tend to be things that are not actually going to threaten our lives. The jerk at work, traffic, these things are not going to kill us, but they do elevate our stress response in a similar way, but they don't offer us the same opportunity to complete the stress response cycle. So we're walking around with a couple decades of incomplete activated stress response cycles in our bodies that are just waiting for us to go ahead and do the thing we need to do.","Physical activity is the most efficient. Affection is really powerful. One of our favorite recommendations is the 20 second hug. If you hold someone that long, it communicates to your body that you have a person in your life whom you love and trust enough and who loves and trusts you enough to stand this close together. And your chemistry shifts into a state of I have come home, which is the end of the stress response cycle.","At the end of each chapter, you have these little TL;DR recaps - it's internet talk for too long; didn't read. So what is the TL;DR for this conversation?What's the one thing you really want people to take away, Emily?","It's that wellness is not a state of being. It is not a state of mind. It is a state of action."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Physical touch and affection can help complete the stress response cycle and create a feeling of safety.","questions":"How can physical touch help in completing the stress response cycle?","answer":"Physical"}
{"text":["I love it.","Yeah. What do you like specifically about reading your work to an audience that makes it different, perhaps, from writing it for the page?","It's like playing music to an audience. To play the music and not feel the responsive vibrations, something coming back, is meaningless to me. But what happens in a live context when you are reciting or reading your poetry, it's only partially complete when you're reading it. It's completed when it's received. And poetry's very much like music. It's vibration and frequency. And it affects us in ways that we don't altogether understand. But we know it's happening.","What kind of inspiration did it take to make you into a poet?Who did you read?When did you start reading, or did someone read to you as a child that made you love poetry?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Having it to compared music as poetry and music has the heartstrings of everyone listening to the melodies of the instrument and words. ","questions":"What is the analogy that PersonA uses to describe the experience of reading poetry to an audience?","answer":"Music"}
{"text":["You centered your article around a book that came out in May - \"The Black Witch\" by Laurie Forest. It had some buzz. Kirkus says, quote, \"engaging character set in a rich alternative universe with a complicated history - a massive page turner that leaves readers longing for more. \"But in March, the buzz took a turn. What happened?","A blogger who had an advanced reader's copy of the book disagreed with the reigning buzz and penned a 9,000 word review decrying it, basically, as an end-to-end mess of unadulterated bigotry. So this blogger disagreed with the premise of the book, which basically centers on a girl becoming enlightened to the fact that she's been indoctrinated into an ideology of racist superiority.","And once she had formed this opinion, she - you know, she wrote her review. And she got online and basically called for the activist crowd on young adult Twitter to boost it. And because of online dynamics being the way they are and because of how fast outrage travels, on Twitter especially, it really just blew up into a huge controversy that lasted for multiple weeks right up until the book released.","Did a lot of people who kind of piled on bother to read the book?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is implying that the initial positive buzz surrounding the book was overshadowed by the negative review and the controversy that followed.","questions":"What caused the positive buzz surrounding the book to be overshadowed?","answer":"Negative"}
{"text":["Assuming we know some it.","And that's it. And, you know, we know some of it a little at this stage. These are very early studies that are just almost like proof of principle, that clearly we're seeing the same trends across different mucosal surfaces in body. So perhaps there could be a unifying theory in this idea of restoring appropriate colonization patterns to those sites.","Well, let me ask you a wild question that just struck me. If you overly - if you're a mouthwash user and it kills everything in your mouth or any bacteria, 99 percent of the germs, it says, are you doing yourself a disservice?","I - we - nobody has looked at that. And it's - again, anything that perturbes these communities, you know, there's the potential for pathogenic organisms to outgrow in that kind of depleted diversity community. So it would be wonderful study. We don't study oral micro biota, but it would be wonderful study."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Well, let me ask you a wild question that just struck me.\"  This turn uses the idiom \"struck me\" to mean \"occurred to me suddenly\", rather than a literal physical action of striking.","questions":"What idiom does turn 2 use to mean \"occurred to me suddenly\"?","answer":"Struck"}
{"text":["We should say this is a multi-level chess game, and we can only see the top level - the overt actions, not the covert. But these diplomatic measures that we can see do seem like gestures, really, only. And economic sanctions are the real deal. Russia has suffered economically in recent years from sanctions. They do hate those sanctions. But, of course, what they really hate is low oil prices.","Has the Obama administration been late to recognize the threat from Russia?","Perhaps not to recognize the threat but slow to get serious about it. After the Crimea sanctions, there were lots of other provocations, Syria being the worst, Obama clearly not willing to go to war in Syria. So Russia has had something of a free field of fire as it were. But as far as the cyberhacking of this election campaign, the administration did sound the alarm last fall, but they did not go to the mat, in part, because they didn't want to appear to be interfering with the election themselves. And let's face it, they thought Hillary Clinton was going to win anyway.","Ron, this was the administration that said we needed to do a reset with Russia. What happened?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"do a reset\" means to attempt to improve a relationship between two parties, rather than resetting a machine.","questions":"What does \"do a reset\" mean?","answer":"relationship"}
{"text":["You know, you've been criticized on both sides of the aisle, as they say now. I think some scientists are saying: Why did you publish - why didn't you publish it in legitimate, peer-reviewed journals first?","Oh, we're following the - I mean, we're following the tradition of science, which is that you distribute this widely to your peers before you publish it. Jim Hansen does the same thing. He puts his papers online. This is a tradition in the field.","Peer review means you present results in a public forum, you distribute pre-prints. Most of my important papers were widely distributed to other scientists far before they appeared. It's the best kind of peer review.","And you challenge anyone to come up with a better explanation."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"It's the best kind of peer review.\" - The actual meaning is that the speaker believes that distributing pre-prints and receiving feedback from other scientists is a valuable form of peer review, even though it is not the traditional peer review process of submitting a paper to a peer-reviewed journal.","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion on the value of distributing pre-prints for peer review?","answer":"Valuable"}
{"text":["And now we'll go to another Dickerson. This is Brian Dickerson. He's a political columnist for the Detroit Free Press. And we're going to talk about Michigan. It is one of the key swing states in this election. Welcome to the program.","Thank you, Madeleine.","Well, both candidates have stumped a lot in Michigan, and is either candidate getting more traction?","Well, the most recent polls this week are a little mixed. But generally, the average of the reputable polls has been showing Obama steadily in front since about mid-June and picking up some momentum in the last two or three weeks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Well, both candidates have stumped a lot in Michigan, and is either candidate getting more traction?\" - This turn has a literal meaning and is also used with its actual meaning.","questions":"How is turn 2 used in the dialogue?","answer":"Michigan"}
{"text":["That work by Nick Holonyak and colleagues went on to be the basis for just about every LED starting back - staring back at you, you know, those little red lights on the little devices?This was the first one. Nick also did pioneering work on other electronic devices, including lasers. And when the Applied - the journal of Applied Physics Letters drew up a list of the five most important papers it had published up to 2006, Nick's name was on two of them. And he's here to talk to us now.","Nick Holonyak is the John Bardeen Endowed Chair in Electrical and Computer Engineering and Physics in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois in Urbana, Illinois. He joins us by phone. Welcome back to the program, Nick.","Thanks, Ira. You and I talked about this stuff in Washington when the MIT Lemelson Prize was given. Remember?And so this is our second contact, maybe more.","I'm hopeful we have a lot more to go, and I want you to - let's talk about this 50 - the anniversary."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The LED lights we see in daily devices originated from Nick's work","questions":"Which device has little red lights that originated from Nick's work?","answer":"Devices"}
{"text":["They're definitely not smarter than us. Some of them are really dumb. Like, I definitely have footage of raccoons who just crawl all over it for a little while and then slink away. But some of them - it is amazing how smart they seem to be. One of the videos I captured, the raccoon just walks up to the bin, pulls it right down and it lands with a bang. And then she turns and looks directly at the camera, almost as if to say, ha, you can't stop me. You can't stop me.","(Laughter). Amy Dempsey, an investigative reporter at the Toronto Star on the raccoon beat. Thank you so much.","Thank you.","And FYI, raccoon expert Suzanne MacDonald, told the Toronto Star that her research is ongoing, but the raccoons are, quote, \"not starving to death - that's for sure. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The raccoons are not making a song. The woman is writing stories about them.","questions":"How is the woman described in the dialogue?","answer":"reporter"}
{"text":["If you like animals, you should check out this video.","And they have all these animals that are - they're flying. They're on - they have them on treadmills. They have - they try to get them off the cabinets inside the lab.","Yeah. I mean, you know, of course, if you're going to get a guinea fowl on the treadmill, it's not that like the guinea fowl is, like, yeah, I'm really looking for a workout. Thank you.","It doesn't necessarily want to be on there, although they do seem sort of OK with it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Yeah. I mean, you know, of course, if you're going to get a guinea fowl on the treadmill, it's not that like the guinea fowl is, like, yeah, I'm really looking for a workout. Thank you.\" The literal meaning of this turn is that the guinea fowl is not interested in working out on the treadmill. However, the actual meaning is that guinea fowls are not natural runners and would not run on treadmills in the wild.","questions":"What is the reason that guinea fowls would not run on treadmills in the wild?","answer":"Not-natural"}
{"text":["That leaves a very unnerving feeling because, if they're on the loose, and they're on a suicide mission, and they're not - you know, they could strike at any point of time. So, it does definitely leave an unnerving feeling. As long as you're home, you're secure. But one doesn't know what to expect tomorrow.","Mr. Doctor, I understand that you are a Muslim. Is that correct?","That is correct, yeah.","So far, there has not been official confirmation of who's responsible for these attacks, but they have been attributed, at least in part, to Islamic militants. How do you think the situation there might affect Hindu-Muslim relations in Mumbai?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is fear and uncertainty due to potential attacks by unidentified individuals","questions":"Which emotion does turn 0 convey?","answer":"Fear"}
{"text":["He hasn't always fallen right in line with Trump by any means. He hasn't always fallen right in line with Trump by any means. He's been critical of Putin over some gas projects that he's been involved in. He's been critical of Putin over some gas projects that he's been involved in. But generally, he has held the Trump line. But generally, he has held the Trump line. So I think this is going to be interesting to go in. So I think this is going to be interesting to go in. He did have that one key moment in the text chain where he came in and clearly stated this was not quid pro quo but then suggested they get offline. He did have that one key moment in the text chain where he came in and clearly stated this was not quid pro quo but then suggested they get offline. So. . . So. . .","Right. Right.","So we'll see what happens once he jumps in there. So we'll see what happens once he jumps in there.","Are people following this in Portland?Are people following this in Portland?I mean, how are they reacting?I mean, how are they reacting?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"are people following this\" implies \"are people paying attention to this\"","questions":"What does \"are people following this\" imply?","answer":"Attention"}
{"text":["They sense a market opportunity?","Indeed, it's a huge market opportunity.","You're from Costa Rica, which has been named U. N.  champion of the earth.","Indeed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Costa Rica is the best country in the world in terms of doing things that take care of the planet.","questions":"What country has been named U.N. champion of the earth?","answer":"Want"}
{"text":["There is some. The question is whether what they see in their internal polls, the surveys they're doing every night in the 14 battleground states, whether what they're seeing is just a little glimmer or a hope that will sort of fade away, or whether it's kind of the beginning traction of perhaps a long shot, but perhaps a strategy that might actually pay off for Senator McCain.","You write about Senator McCain's pollster, a guy named Bill McInturff, who I gather is quite well regarded in the polling industry, and he's been sending out memos saying, I actually think things are getting better. There's also a new poll today, Mason-Dickson-NBC, on specifically Pennsylvania, and it finds the numbers there narrowing down to about a four-point lead for Senator Obama.","Well, that's exactly right. Bill McInturff has been, as some McCain aides described it over the course of his campaign, a bit of a wet blanket at times. When they thought things were going well, he would say, well, you know, the numbers are showing some weakness here.","But yet, in the last four or five days, it's kind of reversed. They've gotten emails in the morning that as delivers his reports from the previous day's survey, they've got good news in them. You know, women who make less than $60,000 are moving towards McCain. Men with some college education are moving towards him. And they're doing it in these battleground states."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : battleground implies a place of contests and difficulties","questions":"Which word suggests a place of challenges and struggles in this dialogue?","answer":"battleground"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And, you know, so I asked this about luck too. And he said, yes, well, we have to take what we can get, but it turns out that Comet Ison is headed towards the sun in November. So they're hoping for another batch of data coming up this fall, something to keep an eye out for, he said, because it's going to look really full too, even for us.","For us. That's supposed to be a super comet we'll see with the naked eye up in the sky.","Yeah.","So this comet actually was not gobbled up by the sun. It was - it's made its journey and went back out again."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Gobbled up is not literal. The comet would not be eaten by the sun, but would be burnt up by the sun's heat.","questions":"What is the meaning of \"gobbled up\" in turn 3?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["It is true that I will confess that I have an incredible fascination for pop-culture stories about the Apocalypse and the end of the world. And, you know, I wanted to see if I were going to write a science book that was basically the equivalent of a giant monster movie, what would that be. Like would be the disaster that I would tackle?","And that was why I decided to look at mass extinctions, which are the worst disaster that can possibly happen to the planet.","Are we headed for one, or are we in the middle of one?And if you're in one, do you know it's happening?","It's a good question. There is evidence that we are headed into what would be the planet's sixth mass extinction. It's hard to know for sure if you're in one because a mass extinction is an event where over 75 percent of the species on the planet die out over a - usually about a million-year period. The fastest it might happen is in hundreds of thousands of years."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : His science book is not actually like a giant monster movie, it simply means it has a story where something destroys a lot of cities, etc.","questions":"How is the disaster in the science book described?","answer":"Apocalypse"}
{"text":["From NPR News, it's Day to Day. Later tonight, I will be hosting dinner at my house with friends I invited, which hopefully will keep the meal mellow because we all tend to see eye to eye on most things.","But not everyone is as lucky. If you find yourself sharing a table today with family or friends who don't share your political views, well, fret not. Slate. com's chief political correspondent John Dickerson has put together some ammunition to help you should the conversation turn to politics. He joins us now from his home in Washington, D. C.  Hi, John.","Hello. Happy Thanksgiving.","And to you as well. John, you have for Slate provided backup to both sides of the argument on a number of topics. Let's start off with the financial crisis. Now, let's say that your Aunt Edna is a Democrat and your cousin Joe is a Republican. What argument can each of them make over the pumpkin pie as to who's to blame for all this mess?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : If you have a Thanksgiving dinner with family and friends who disagree with you politically, don't worry because John Dickerson can help with some talking points.","questions":"What does John Dickerson provide for both sides of the argument on a number of topics according to B?","answer":"Talking"}
{"text":["Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Turn B: The actual meaning of \"handiwork of a nation-state\" is that Flame was likely created by a government agency, rather than an individual or group. The term \"handiwork\" is used figuratively to suggest that the creation of the malware was a deliberate and skillful act.","questions":"Which term is used figuratively to suggest that the creation of the malware was a deliberate and skillful act?","answer":"Handiwork"}
{"text":["Hi.","Let's talk a little bit about Title IX. The law is conceived as a way to protect and support women. It's a federal law. Universities can have their funding taken away if they don't do enough to address complaints. You are a self-described feminist. Where do you think the law is wrong in your case and more broadly?","Well, what happened was that Title IX, which started out, you know, as something about equity for things like women's sports, was expanded in 2011 to include sexual harassment or creating, like, a hostile environment on campus. You know, very vague sorts of things can now be charged under Title IX. So since then, because they didn't really specify how campuses should do this, there's just an incredible amount of overreach because all the campuses are afraid of losing their federal funding and also being seen on soft - as soft on sexual assault. And, you know, there certainly is a sexual assault problem, but whether that should be handled. . .","I was about to say, I mean, that's clearly an issue on campuses."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of turn (3) is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker uses the phrase \"very vague sorts of things can now be charged under Title IX,\" they are actually suggesting that the expanded definition of Title IX has led to a lot of confusion and overreach on college campuses when it comes to handling sexual assault cases.","questions":"Which phrase used by the speaker in turn 2 is actually a suggestion about the confusion and overreach caused by the expanded definition of Title IX on college campuses?","answer":"Vague"}
{"text":["Yeah. This is really kind of a year of reckoning for Big Pharma. Insys Therapeutics, Purdue Pharma, Teva Pharmaceuticals - they've agreed to pay more than half a billion dollars between them to state and federal agencies. And these shockwaves just keep rolling through the drug industry. In May, seven Insys executives were found guilty on racketeering charges. That company later declared bankruptcy. Purdue Pharma, another big player - they've talked openly about filing for Chapter 11. And Johnson & Johnson, a really big name-brand company - they're in court right now in Oklahoma. That state's attorney general is demanding $17 billion in compensation. And this is really the kind of opioid-related legal chaos that Reckitt Benckiser is hoping to leave behind.","Now that Reckitt Benckiser has made this deal, are they cleared from future litigation?","Well, they're not. And this is one thing that the industry is afraid of - that they'll make these big payouts and still face lingering liability. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports more than 200,000 Americans have died from prescription opioid overdoses. A lot of communities have been very hard-hit, so there are a lot of potential lawsuits out there. Reckitt Benckiser is still being sued right now by dozens of states. Their attorneys general have filed those suits. Some of those states may choose to take part in this federal settlement, but others could keep fighting in court. And that could mean a push for separate settlements.","That's North Country Public Radio's Brian Mann. He covers opioid litigation for NPR."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : big name implies being very successful and wealthy ","questions":"How does PersonA describe Johnson & Johnson in the dialogue?","answer":"Big"}
{"text":["At dusk tonight - the Belmont stakes, and an engaging chestnut named California Chrome has a chance to be the first horse to win the Triple Crown - a sweep of all three of the major thoroughbred races since 1978. We're honored now to be joined by Laura Hillenbrand. She's a horse rider by trade, of course she's author of the perpetual best-selling \"Seabiscuit. \"Laura, thanks so much for being with us.","I'm so happy to be here Scott.","What is there about the Belmont stakes that frustrates so many great four-legged athletes who've already won two big races?","They call it the test of their champion for a reason. It is a tricky race. It's run around the biggest track in the country so strategy is different. You have to move a different place. It's a race that requires a lot of the jockey.","The thing that makes it the hardest in terms of sweeping the whole Triple Crown is the horse that gets there with a chance to win it as California Chrome has. They've already competed in the Derby and the Preakness, which are two incredibly difficult races. And now, in the span of five weeks, they have to try the third one. And it's the hardest one of all, the longest one of all. It's really asking a huge amount of them. And that's why, in my whole racing fan life, I have never seen a horse sweep the Triple Crown. I've seen 12 horses go to the Belmont with a chance to win it, and all of them have failed.","California Chrome is called the people's horse, kind of like Seabiscuit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"It's a race that requires a lot of the jockey.\" - The literal meaning of this phrase is that the race demands a great deal from the jockey. The figurative meaning is that the jockey needs to have a lot of skill and experience to navigate the race successfully.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of the phrase \"It's a race that requires a lot of the jockey\"?","answer":"Skill"}
{"text":["That's right. There are a few things in particular that stood out in the early excerpts. I haven't had the chance to get my hands on the book yet. But a couple of things in particular. One is that Bannon talks about that infamous Trump Tower meeting in June of 2016 that featured Donald Trump Jr. , Jared Kushner, Paul Manafort and the meeting that they had with the Russian lawyer, who was offering dirt on Hillary Clinton. Bannon describes the meeting as treasonous, as unpatriotic. And he says that those three should've called the FBI immediately. A second thing is that he also says that there's no way - there's no way that Trump Jr.  didn't walk the Russians up one floor to the 26th floor of Trump Tower and introduce them to Trump himself.","We should explain that's his - he doesn't know that happened, but he just finds it inconceivable it didn't.","He doesn't offer any proof. He wasn't in the campaign at the time. But this would be important if true because Trump has denied any knowledge of the Russian overtures, any knowledge of Russian outreach. And it would - this would obviously contradict that. The last thing is that Bannon says that the investigation is going to focus on money laundering. There are indications that Mueller's team may indeed be looking at that. So a lot to digest there.","NPR's Ryan Lucas, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"the investigation is going to focus on money laundering.\" - The actual meaning of this turn is literal, as it refers to the literal focus of the investigation on the illegal practice of disguising the proceeds of crime as legitimate funds.","questions":"Which illegal practice is the investigation focusing on?","answer":"Money"}
{"text":["Yeah, I think so. I think it's sort of like - the way I've been thinking about it, whereas Neanderthals - they were kind of an archaeological group that was in search of genomics and genetic elucidation, so we had all these bones from individuals we knew were Neanderthals because we've studied their archaeology and the tools they made so well, and so we wanted to compare that archaeology, the people who carried those - made those tools to present-day humans, see how they were related.","But in the case of the Denisovans, we started with the DNA, and we know there must have been a population, and really interesting to see what they were like. The West Eurasian, the European archaeological record and the archaeological record of the Middle East, is really, really well-studied and characterized by European and Western researchers. But the archaeological record of the eastern parts of Eurasia is more poorly studied or not studied at least within the same framework.","And it's a vast region of the world, which we know had humans in it when modern humans exploded out of Africa 40 or 50 thousand years ago. And so it's really exciting, and the data, the DNA tells you it's exciting, to try to figure out who those humans were. They were not exactly Neanderthals.","Hmm. In fact, isn't it true that when this bone was first discovered, people just thought it was a human bone?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Neanderthals were not searching for genetics, but rather it is our modern-day researchers who are searching for their genetic elucidation","questions":"What group was in search of genomics and genetic elucidation according to the implied meaning of turn 0?","answer":"Neanderthals"}
{"text":["A controversial memo by House intelligence committee Chairman Devin Nunes is out, and the spin is on. Most Republicans say the memo demonstrates bias and abuse at the FBI. Democrats say it's a malicious and misleading effort to undermine the investigation of the special counsel Robert Mueller. Ron Elving, senior editor and correspondent on the Washington Desk, joins us. Ron, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning, Scott.","How do you characterize it?","Well, I'd call it a political document. It's meant to be catnip for people who want to believe that this whole business about Russian interference and collusion with elements of the Trump campaign is somehow bogus and can somehow just be made to go away. Now, the memo itself says that the FBI tried to get warrants to spy on Carter Page, who was an American citizen who advised the Trump campaign on foreign policy and that it based that bid on a dossier prepared by a British spy and paid for by Democrats.","Now, the memo leaves out a lot of facts about that dossier, but the most important thing is that the memo itself makes clear that the FBI had reasons to look at Carter Page all the way back to 2013 and other reasons to be looking at ties between Russian agents and the Trump campaign involving other people quite apart from the dossier. So the accusations of anti-Trump bias as the motive for the investigation at its very beginning are undercut by parts of the memo itself.","So more bluster than bite?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"catnip\" - figurative language meaning something that is appealing or attractive to a particular group","questions":"How does PersonA describe the memo's purpose?","answer":"Political"}
{"text":["But it's a risk. Well, if you can't buy political advertising, what do you spend the money on?","Well, you spend the money, for example - and it's strange, because they call - his opponents call President Sarkozy l'Americain, the American. And they're not saying it with a smile on their lips. There's sort of a sneer on their lips. They're not any crazier about Americans than, for example, the Republican candidates in this country are about French socialists. But the irony is that it is the socialists.","And Hollande's campaign is ran by three absolutely charming young men who met at MIT and Harvard, three Frenchmen, in their late 20s, early 30s, and they are the ones running the campaign. And they have decided that they are going to replicate the Obama campaign of 2008 in France this year. And that's what they're doing. And they're going door to door. And they're using computerized systems. And they're using Internet radio. They're using all the same tactics that the Obama candidacy employed four years ago.","In the meantime, there is still power of incumbency. A lot of people thought the terrible situation in the south of France. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Being crazy about\" something here implies a fondness for something, it isn't related to any mental illness.","questions":"What are opponents of President Sarkozy calling him?","answer":"the-American"}
{"text":["Sure. So sequencing DNA is currently most cost efficient when you sequence a bunch of different samples together. And so, typically, you'll outsource your sequencing to a dedicated sequencing facility or lab. And let's say you want to learn what other people are sequencing. Say you want to get a leg up on some GMO research that people are doing. You could potentially insert malware into the sample that you send to the DNA sequencing facility to exfiltrate some of that data back to you.","How did you guys discover this?","What we try to do here is sort of look at emerging technologies and see if there are any security implications of those emerging technologies and try to get ahead of potential threats before they become actual threats. And so we had a team of people here working on a DNA storage project for using DNA instead of, say, hard drives for long-term storage. And so we had sort of the biological and chemical backgrounds for that as well as security expertise here.","Are there any good reasons to use this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - What we try to do here is sort of look at emerging technologies and see if there are any security implications of those emerging technologies and try to get ahead of potential threats before they become actual threats.","questions":"What is the purpose of the team's work at the company?","answer":"Security"}
{"text":["I stopped the clocks because, A - my contract was running out, and, yes, I am eligible for retirement 'cause I'm 72 now. But the hand-wound ones, they're big cast iron weights. If the weights, when they run out, fell over, it would take three men to reconnect all the wires going through the pulleys and things, so it was on a safety grounds that I stopped them.","Why did you stop both hands at 12?","Well, I stopped them at 12 o'clock because every time I get a clock on my working license, and my father-in-law before me, people seem to think, oh, that clock is at 12 o'clock. And they look at their watch or something, and they'll say, oh, it's stopped. Whereas if I left it at any time, they don't seem to pick it up quick enough.","Well, Mr.  Mitchell, may I ask, are there a lot of other people doing a job like yours or is that number dwindling these days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"I stopped the clocks because [...] so it was on a safety grounds that I stopped them.\" Here, the literal meaning of \"stopped the clocks\" is to prevent them from continuing to measure time. However, the actual meaning is that the clocks were intentionally stopped for safety reasons related to the weight system.","questions":"What was the reason for stopping the clocks?","answer":"Safety"}
{"text":["They were part of the crew of the USS Monitor, a celebrated Civil War ship that helped open a new era in naval warfare. The ship was ironclad, powered by steam instead of sails, and supported a rotating gun turret. The Monitor sank in a storm in 1862. Sixteen of 62 men on board went down with their ship. They were thought to be lost forever until 2002. The Monitor was being restored and the remains of two of the sailors were discovered in the turret. We're joined now by historian Anna Holloway. She's curator of the USS Monitor Center in Newport, Virginia. Thank very much for being with us.","Well, thank you so much for having me.","What do we know about these two sailors who have finally been buried?","Well, we still don't know their names, and that is one of the ongoing mysteries about these two heroes of the USS Monitor. However, as you mention, 16 men went down with the vessel, so there are 16 possibilities. Now, forensics tells us a little bit about them - their relative heights, their ages and their race - so that does narrow it down a bit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"How did the USS Monitor sink?","answer":"Storm"}
{"text":["Well, you know, this is having a lot of different effects. So you know, some of the students have been expelled. Their admissions have been revoked. Some of the coaches have been fired. They face charges - athletic coaches who were involved in misrepresenting people as being recruits. And of course the legal cases are going to continue to unfold.","But I'm also interested in how it's unfolding in the broader culture at large. You know, whether you look at things like - we had a big debate last year about Harvard and affirmative action. And these conversations about things like legacy admissions are really bringing us to a broader conversation about, what do these elite colleges really offer?You know, the fact that they have nonprofit status - are they really serving the public, or are they just acting in a way that's really inflating their own bottom line and their own brands?","And so I think there's a broader conversation about, are there better ways to have admissions?And can we define excellence in education some other way other than, you know, something that's really expensive and only lets in about 5 percent of people who get to apply?","And for all that conversation, just in our last 30 seconds or so, do you see signs of systemic change coming?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implication of this turn is that the scandal has a far-reaching effect on the university and its stakeholders, beyond just the legal repercussions.","questions":"Which dialogue turn implies that the scandal has impacted more than just the legal aspects of the university?","answer":"University"}
{"text":["I don't even know what to say.","Have you - make sure you've eaten your lunch or your breakfast.","It might be - it's going to be the grossest video you've probably seen all week. But you should still watch it because it's fascinating.","You know how to sell it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The video is gross, but still interesting enough to watch.","questions":"What kind of video is it?","answer":"Fascinating."}
{"text":["You know, I initially wasn't sure if I was going to go back after Katrina. But I think that I was so - you know, I realized, you know, that there's that whole song, \"Do You Know What It Means to Miss New Orleans?\"I didn't get it until I left after the storm and I was evacuated in Atlanta for a period of about six months. And it just started setting in that, you know, New Orleans is truly a special place. I felt like I could have a better impact if I were back in the city trying to help people. And so that drew me back to the city. I mean, it truly is an amazing place, and as far as whether or not I'll go back now, definitely. I can't see leaving New Orleans at this point. And I know some people don't understand that. They might think that's sort of silly, but it truly is a unique city. And the people are amazing. The culture is amazing, and so it's just such a hard place to stay away from.","Do you ever wonder, why us twice now?","You know, yeah, what are the chances?And it's so crazy because the anniversary of Katrina was just on August 29th, and that was - I remember evacuating on a Sunday, the storm hit on a Monday, and the same thing has kind of happened now, though I evacuated Saturday, the storm hit on Monday. So it's just very unusual.","Thena, thank you so much for sharing your story with us. Good luck to you also."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The coincidence of being evacuated twice is unusual","questions":"What is the anniversary month of Katrina?","answer":"August"}
{"text":["I'll pull the lever.","So once you change the flow, and you don't need the stimulus, you don't need that storm anymore, you just try to wait for it to rebound, and that rebound could take weeks is what you're saying.","Exactly right. Right now we have a very meandering, very non-definitive jet stream, and so that's allowing a lot of this cold air to just kind of flow out of the poles down into the continental United States. And so until that circumpolar vortex re-establishes itself, that cold air is going to be free to spill out all across the planet. And depending upon where these dips in the jet stream occur, that's where the cold air will flow out.","And so I see a new cold event for the East Coast around the end of January, into February. It's going to be preceded by a very warm event, a very warm rain event, up into the 60s, and then as that wraps around that storm, we're going to get that cold snap behind it. So you're going to have a very dramatic change from February 1st, from like January 31st we'll be like 60 and rainy and then February 1st it's going to be in the single digits again and very cold."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to rebound means to change in a positive direction","questions":"Which word means to change in a positive direction?","answer":"Rebound"}
{"text":["So you'll get Canadian players who've changed planes in Jamaica?","Canadian and American players, the European players. As long as they've got family ties to Jamaica, they can gain citizenship. We'll build our team around those guys, and then start adding Jamaicans as they become better at the game.","It sounds like it's less that you're trying to put together a Jamaican national hockey team so much as you're trying to make hockey a sport in Jamaica.","Well, yeah. We want to make it - we want to give the kids and the people in that country other options. You know, I've got relatives down there now. And if you want to be educated in Jamaica, there's basically three ways - you can be wealthy and pay for school, you can have relatives who can help you by sending you money or you can be able to run really, really fast and get a scholarship. So hockey will be another opportunity, as well as other sports like soccer, basketball and other sports we can bring down there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 1):  B: So you'll get Canadian players who've changed planes in Jamaica?  The literal meaning of this turn is that B is asking whether Canadian players who have changed planes in Jamaica will be recruited for the Jamaican national hockey team. However, the implied meaning is that B is skeptical about the feasibility of recruiting Canadian players who have only briefly passed through Jamaica, as opposed to those with stronger ties to the country.","questions":"Which country does the speaker want to provide more opportunities for through sports?","answer":"Jamaica"}
{"text":["Did you think twice?","I said - well, I didn't think - well, I said, sure, and I held it to the ground. And then I thought, this is not exactly what I signed up for, but, you know, you need to pitch in a little bit in these circumstances.","For a disease, a virus to spill over, is it just a matter of coming in contact with the right animal?Is it just chance, or does there have to be something special about the virus itself to be able to infect multiple species?","Well, some kinds of virus, yes, are better at this than others. And the scientists who watch the world for the next spillover are particularly vigilant about single-stranded RNA viruses, as distinct from DNA viruses that carry their genomes on the good old, stable double helix. RNA viruses, when they replicate, mutate more frequently. Therefore, there's more change. There's more genetic variation in the populations of those viruses. They replicate very abundantly, so their populations are large."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B is asking A if he\/she thought carefully before doing something.","questions":"Which type of viruses are scientists particularly vigilant about due to their ability to mutate frequently?","answer":"RNA"}
{"text":["That food has made this humble eatery among the best restaurants in the city, topping the lists of every Houston publication and more recently, after a visit from Anthony Bourdain in 2016, the country.","We'll let you choose what we eat.","OK, wonderful. Thank you.","Creamy chai is set on the table - then vegetable fritters and spicy samosas."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"among the best\" represent there are other restaurants in the city that are considered to be the best.","questions":"How was the humble eatery ranked in the city?","answer":"Top"}
{"text":["For sure. I remember I approached my mom with an article by the CDC and asked why, according to the CDC, vaccines don't cause autism and why mercury is not this extremely dangerous substance and poison found in vaccines that, you know, some people like herself would claim. And her response was simply, that's what they want you to think.","And I was just blown away that, you know, the largest health organization in the entire world would be written off with a conspiracy theory-like statement like that. And so moments like that I can recall back to, where I just thought, like, the concern with the evidence is not here.","When did you get vaccinated?When did you start?","I had two vaccines when I was 2 years old. My mom claims that one of those did not happen, or it happened against her will, and the only vaccine I should have gotten was a tetanus shot when I was 2. And that was it. Alongside that, I've never got any other vaccines - hepatitis, polio - anything."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to approach someone with something in this context means you are showing them something","questions":"How did PersonA approach their mom with the article about vaccines?","answer":"Showed"}
{"text":["We often ignore the unevolved brain or what's sometimes called the reptilian brain. So zombies exist in the reptilian brain in the movies. And as it turns out, in the real world, humans have what we sometimes refer to as our zombie brain. And you might think about it as autopilot.","Like when you're driving the car. And you sort of zone out. And you don't even remember the way that you got to where you're going.","That's the perfect example.","And there are real-world applications for this speculation, right?Because there are murder cases where the perpetrator says that they zoned out. And there's a big debate about how conscious they were of what they were doing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The reptillian brain is a person who has not been educated. Zombie brain is where people don't think about what they are doing.","questions":"How do zombies exist in movies?","answer":"Movies"}
{"text":["Well, I think everybody is kind of on pins and needles to see what's going to come out of it, see what direction Congress is going to go.","The union recently made certain concessions to help cut costs on their end, including suspending the job bank program, and that's a program where UAW workers can receive nearly full pay for up to two years if their jobs are eliminated. Why make sacrifices like that?","Well, I think the union has been a partner ion this thing. In fact, I was one to help negotiate the jobs bank originally, so I pretty well understand that program. But, if we can turn this thing around, we can keep those working that are there today, so there may not be a need for it.","Of course, any proposed changes would have to be ratified by union members. What do you think the chances are there that these changes would be approved?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : on pins and needles implies that people are very concerned and alert about what is happening","questions":"Which phrase best describes the state of people's minds according to turn 0?","answer":"Concerned"}
{"text":["A couple of questions: Does a planet have to be like, quote-unquote, \"like Earth\" for it to be habitable?","Oh absolutely not, absolutely. The biology extremophiles can exist over a wide range of temperatures and salinities and pressures and such. So no, it doesn't have to be like Earth. But that makes it easier for us to imagine that there might be life as we know it.","What's interesting to me, exciting to me, is the prospect of perhaps these stars are very close, are they not?They're. . .","These are some of the closest stars. This one is the 19th closest star to us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The stars are not actually very close to Earth. The implication is that they are closer to Earth and its Sun than other stars.","questions":"How many stars are closer to Earth than the star being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"18"}
{"text":["The Endangered Species Act has saved animals and plants, including the bald eagle, the grizzly bear and the black-footed ferret, since Congress passed that legislation in 1973. But some of those conservation efforts have come at a cost to ranchers and farmers. Senator John Barrasso of Wyoming has introduced a bill to include state involvement in the process, which some ranchers say has made it difficult for them to protect their herds of sheep and cattle. Bill Kluck joins us now. He's the sheep committee chairman of R-CALF USA. And he's been ranching for 35 years in South Dakota. Mr.  Kluck, thanks for being with us.","Thank you for having me.","How in your judgment has this act infringed on your ranching?","One of the main things that the sheep people face is the predators. And coyotes, wolves will impact your herd and kill lambs and so forth. It's kind of hard to imagine. But, at one point, I was trapping as many coyotes in a year as when I had sheep running on the land. And this is one of the things that this Barrasso bill seemed to address is the threshold level and not letting that level be like a mirage that you never really get there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : having me implies hosting someone or a guest, not owning the person ","questions":"Which term describes the act of welcoming someone as a guest?","answer":"Hosting"}
{"text":["But then today, the insurgent leader said he couldn't guarantee the safety of this team because of the fighting that's going on in the city of Slovyansk, and so he released them. And I should say - or I should mention that another Western observer of this team, a Swede, had already been released last weekend for health reasons.","Do we know where they are now?","They've returned to Donetsk here and basically south of Slovyansk where they were being kept for a number of days. And they had some trouble getting here because of the fighting that's going on between Ukrainian forces and pro-Russian separatists along the way. The German leader of the team says he and the other former captives' spirits are high.","What is the latest on the fighting?What do we know?It seems to be going on in several locations throughout Ukraine.","It's still continuing to some extent in Slovyansk, but it seems the focus today is on a city south of there about 10 miles called Kramatorsk. I was there yesterday, and I could see the separatists preparing their defenses. They set up tractor-trailers to close off the main road to Ukrainian armored vehicles. And it was also evident that some of these separatists were very professional-looking masked-soldier types with automatic weapons. And I hadn't seen these people before in the area."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : In turn (5), when the speaker says, \"And I hadn't seen these people before in the area,\" the actual meaning is that the speaker has observed armed and masked separatists in the area who appear to be professional soldiers. This statement implies that the separatists are not just a group of local civilians who have taken up arms, but rather they may have received military training and support from a foreign government or organization. This implication is a departure from the literal meaning of the words used in the turn.","questions":"What is the PersonA's observation of the armed separatists in the area?","answer":"Armed"}
{"text":["They won't be in the wild, as I understand. It's still under human care but in different circumstances?","Yeah, they'll be in a setting that is, as closely as possible, approximates the natural conditions where dolphins typically live, i. e. , natural seawater, in the ocean, in a setting that has vegetated shorelines and natural bottoms and organisms, you know, plants and animals that would otherwise be found there. But they will be under human care for most likely their entire lives, yes.","Do you anticipate adjustment problems?The aquarium, I guess, is the only home they've ever really known.","They have all known - either all or very - the lion's share of their lives in this kind of setting. And it will be a completely new experience for them. So they need to go through a lot of acclamation, both behaviorally and physiologically, in order to make this transition successfully."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implications in (3) is that the dolphins may have trouble adjusting to the new environment due to them being used to living in aquariums.","questions":"How might the dolphins react to their new environment?","answer":"acclamation"}
{"text":["Yes, I do. I think General Kelly is right. I think a lot of America is out of touch with those of us who have served and the sacrifices that we've made or seen our colleagues make. And that's a divide that we ought to bridge. But you don't do that by politicizing an incident like this. You do it by taking responsibility for your actions. If you're the president, you say I don't think I said that, if that's what he believes. But if I offended the widow in any way, then I apologize.","Congressman, I - a bit off the central topic we've been talking about - did you know U. S.  forces were operating in Niger?","As a member of the armed services committee, I am aware of it but only very peripherally. This is not something that we have talked about or has been briefed to us extensively at all.","So you think there's more to be known about this mission and about U. S.  operations in that area of the world?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"As a member of the armed services committee, I am aware of it but only very peripherally. This is not something that we have talked about or has been briefed to us extensively at all.\" Implicated meaning: The speaker has limited knowledge about the specific topic mentioned, despite being a member of the committee responsible for it.","questions":"What committee is the speaker a member of?","answer":"Armed"}
{"text":["So it's sort of the end of era, then, for all of us who have seen him and visited the Galapagos and got to watch him poke around a little bit. It's sort of the end of an era.","It is definitely the end of an era, and everyone down here on last Sunday, when we got the news, it was a very difficult time for all of us both for the individual Lonesome George and for the fact that we lost this subspecies forever.","It also was an interesting thing here because it kind of reinforced the importance of the work we do and the future and trying to ensure that no other species or subspecies are lost in Galapagos. And the timing itself is interesting, as we have an international workshop planned for next week that is convened by the Galapagos National Park and part-organized by Galapagos Conservancy to discuss the tortoise situation on all of the islands and look at the next 10 years of research and management leading to better tortoise population restoration throughout the archipelago.","Have you been able to restore the populations to any extent?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"it kind of reinforced the importance of the work we do and the future and trying to ensure that no other species or subspecies are lost in Galapagos.\" This turn has a metaphorical meaning. It means that the death of Lonesome George highlighted the significance of preserving endangered species and preventing their extinction.","questions":"How did Lonesome George's death reinforce the importance of the work they do in Galapagos?","answer":"Preservation"}
{"text":["How hopeful are you that this outbreak can be contained?","Specifically in Uganda, they are very well-prepared. But the way the response is going in the DRC is very concerning. There's a lot of scale-up and better coordination and closely working with the community. There's a lot of armed groups operating in the area. There's a tax on Ebola workers. NGOs are forced to suspend their programming on a regular basis.","And so it's really important that we gain the trust of the community in the DRC, that people make sure they're starting to bring suspected cases into the clinics because we're still seeing a lot of cases in the communities, which shows that people are not trusting the response, and they're not bringing their loved ones into the clinics for treatment. So in order to stop it spreading, we have to stop it in the source, which is in North Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo.","Kellie Ryan with the International Rescue Committee in Uganda. We reached her by Skype. Kellie, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The lack of trust in the community in the DRC is hindering efforts to stop the spread of Ebola.","questions":"What is the main challenge in stopping the spread of Ebola in the DRC?","answer":"trust"}
{"text":["(Rapping) Now I don't care what they say about me Because rules were meant to be broken. That's why the world can't forget about me Because rules were meant to be broken.","The lyrics on his new album say don't change, but rapper Lyrics Born has kept his game on the move. He's done mix tape-style compilations and released his own albums and singles. Now the Bay Area stalwart's got a new album called \"Everywhere At Once\" and it brings elements of funk and R&B into the mix. Lyrics Born, thanks for coming on.","Thank you very much.","So I understand you really launched into music when you were at the University of California, Davis. So when was that and who were you and what was it like?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Breaking rules is necessary to be remembered and successful.","questions":"How does the world remember Lyrics Born?","answer":"Forget"}
{"text":["Do you think the royal family can really survive in a time when we have other kinds of celebrities that cost the taxpayer nothing?I mean, clearly, a lot of hopes are being placed on not only Meghan Markle and Prince Harry but the other younger royals like Prince William.","I very, very sincerely believe that Britain couldn't do without them. There's such a deep attachment. They're sort of the very, like, emblem of history, of continuity. Unlike America, there's been almost a kind of - a certain kind of disregard for history. Britain has always fallen back on the past. It's always needed the past. So they're - I think that they will find a way for the royal family to continue to carry on that symbolism, at least.","I must ask you - are you attending the wedding?","I'm not."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker believes that the royal family is being given an unfair advantage over other kinds of celebrities that don't cost taxpayers anything. Score: 4","questions":"How does PersonA describe the royal family's significance in comparison to America?","answer":"Emblem"}
{"text":["Yeah. The numbers aren't necessarily looking his way.","No.","Glenn Thrush is the chief political correspondent of Politico. Thanks so much for being back with us.","Great to be here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : has a literal meaning of \"Glenn Thrush is the chief political correspondent of Politico,\" but its actual meaning is \"Thank you for coming back to talk with us again.\"","questions":"How did PersonA respond to PersonB's introduction of Glenn Thrush?","answer":"Great"}
{"text":["Lots of people are pretty angry about this, understandably so. Is there any kind of limit or regulation on how much banks can charge their customers?","It depends on the state where you live. Much of this is ruled by state law. But for the most part, no. The basic rules that apply to this is, the bank must at least tell you what the fees are up front. The problem with that is, many studies, including a recent one by the federal government earlier this year, shows that a high percentage of banks simply don't ever tell customers anywhere in the fine print, anywhere in person what the fees are.","It all sounds pretty grim, but I'm wondering if somewhere, there's a bit of a silver lining. If people are going to get charged more for things like overdrafts and bounced checks, do you think people might pay more attention and be more responsible about their money?","I mean, that's the hope, but one of the things - one of the reasons the banks do this isn't necessarily to get people to act better. What they realized a few years ago is that the poorest customers ultimately cost them money. They're literally losing money on people who don't keep a lot of cash in their account but yet call up the customer service line or go to the bank."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Banks often do not disclose fees upfront to customers.","questions":"Which information do many banks fail to provide to their customers?","answer":"Fees"}
{"text":["And it's most importantly for us, combined with great food, great food and dining experiences. And as more of our culture gets into more of the artsy and fine wine and fine dining experiences, wine is more of a part of that for all cultures.","Do you ever find people saying to you, OK, it's great that you do this, but your world is so on another planet. And what you do is so ridiculously specialized, I can't even talk to you because I don't know what you're talking about?","Definitely find less and less that. I think everybody in our - the mystique of wine and the exclusivity of wine, those barriers have been broken down, to a large degree, and people are less and less afraid to try wine and to have fun with it themselves.","They ask questions about some of the technical aspects of it. We're very fortunate as a family, and the other members of the African-American Association of Vintners are also from various backgrounds, and they get the same kind of questions that we do. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The exclusivity of wine has decreased, and people are more open to trying it.","questions":"What has decreased in regards to wine, according to turn 2?","answer":"Exclusivity"}
{"text":["I mean, your site gets something like seven million visitors a month?","Yeah.","Wow.","So that, that audience helps too, having those people, you know, kind of at bay, you know, willing to sort of jump in at, like, my command and help out when necessary. And like I said before, a lot of those people who read my site are also Tesla fans, so that's sort of a double reason for them to be willing to commit to a campaign like this."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The audience of the website is willing to help out with the campaign.","questions":"How does the audience contribute to the campaign?","answer":"Help"}
{"text":["Now, in both the Enron case and the Madoff situation, they're very different in some ways, but they both benefited at least for a time from the fact that a lot of people don't understand finance, and it's very difficult to understand. What do you think people need to do who are not financiers to understand why is it important to even understand the issue of finance, white-collar crime, and all of this?","White-collar crime matters because it affects all of us. Even if you happen to be a blue-collar person, you undoubtedly get affected one way or another - your investments, your company, your suppliers, your neighbors. Everyone gets affected by serious white-collar crime, and the old joke is, right, you walk into a bank with a gun, steal $50,000, they send you away for 10 years. You steal $50 million in some sort of white-collar crime thing, and you get, you know, five minutes and a warning from the judge.","I mean, that's an exaggeration. But that's the kind of thing that for years has annoyed people, including me. And somehow the - because there's been now so much of the stuff has surfaced, and there's such conscientiousness about it and in the case of Madoff largely because he scammed people that members of the media know. So you get really angry when your friends go down. I mean, I don't have any friends who were in there, but a lot of people in my business. . .","Right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : not crime that deals with clothing or white shirt collars, but non-violent crime involving corruption or fraud; blue-collar does not refer to clothing but jobs that involve more labor and movement","questions":"What kind of crime is referred to as white-collar crime?","answer":"corruption"}
{"text":["Yeah, I mean, that certainly has been the view on the right and in the Republican Party and from many quarters over, you know, this isn't fair and you keep moving the goalposts. One of the problems has been that it's built into the Clean Air Act that it is updated every five years in accordance with the science.","And what the science has found in its progress over the decades has been disturbing from a health perspective. And it's also been sort of onerous from a regulatory perspective because those findings are that levels of pollution that years ago were thought to be safe actually are still killing people. America's air is much cleaner now than it was back in 1970, but a hundred thousand Americans still die every year from the effects of air pollution. That's a lot of people.","As you travel the world reporting on air pollution in other countries, did you gain an appreciation for what the U. S.  was able to accomplish with the Clean Air Act?","Yeah. I think as I traveled around the world, I could see actually in clearer and clearer focus that America's progress since 1970 is a real success story. I went to China, and officials there are trying to sort of replicate the achievements that we've had here in the United States. And it's, you know, I guess sort of ironic to see the United States undermining its own Clean Air Act enforcement capability as other countries begin to try to replicate it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"replicate the achievements\" - This phrase means to repeat or recreate the successes or accomplishments that the United States has had with its Clean Air Act. Its actual meaning is metaphorical and not related to copying or duplicating something exactly.","questions":"Which phrase has a metaphorical meaning related to repeating or recreating the successes or accomplishments of the Clean Air Act?","answer":"Replicate"}
{"text":["And you can do that just out of a gut feeling, or experience or cracking the file?Or how does that work?","Well, it uses statistics. You know, it's kind of a little bit like the whole money ball argument that we hear about baseball. But it goes through the file, and it looks, and it kind of sees that - you could say the noise in the image is not right, and often it's a little too random. It's almost a little bit too perfect, you might say.","And then the statistics comes out, and it says oh, well, you know, it gives you a number, and the number is over a threshold, and you say oh, that's an alarm bell, and I'll look at it.","It must be an interesting history to this whole steganography idea."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  In turn 3, A is referring to the statistic's number as an \"alarm bell\" to signify that something might be wrong with the image.","questions":"What does PersonA refer to the statistic's number as?","answer":"alarm"}
{"text":["That's right. They assumed, as I think much of the media assumed, that the Clinton campaign was going to be a true juggernaut. And when it collapsed I went back and talked to the people directly involved, and they knew it was not a juggernaut. The word they used repeatedly, and I'm talking her top people, more than a dozen of them, the word they used repeatedly is that the campaign was dysfunctional.","They had some big names running their campaign, but when I just went through the simple process of checking out their biographies, I found that their campaign manager, Patti Solis Doyle, had never worked in a presidential campaign before. Their deputy campaign manager, Mike Henry, had never worked in a presidential campaign before. Even Howard Wilson, who became a media superstar, he was her communications director, he had never worked in a presidential campaign before.","But well. . .","If you go through the list of Obama people, the top four, five, six people had not just worked in presidential campaigns before, but they worked in that critical area which gets very little attention, but is absolutely essential, and that's called field operations. It means going into states, setting up shop, organizing, getting people door knocking, getting people calling and getting delegate victories."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the campaign was dysfunctional\" - This phrase means that the campaign was not functioning effectively or smoothly, rather than literally being a physical or mechanical dysfunction.","questions":"How was the Clinton campaign functioning?","answer":"dysfunctional"}
{"text":["So the sport itself has given me countless opportunities. And for me, the reason why I'm so interested in doing this, it's sort of like my way of giving back, in a sense. You know, I'm going places with the javelin and it's helping me out and probably going to get me into a nice school. So why not give back?And I feel like if I have to do this research project at my school, why not do it on something that I like?","Yeah. I'm just going to guess you've heard from some people that know somebody who was injured by a javelin who've said there's no need for this sport?","Honestly, I haven't. I mean, I know there are some people that have gotten injured and there are people that are against the implementation of the event. But personally, I do not know anybody that has been injured.","You know, Mr.  Christensen, there are people listening around the country I'm sure might point out that it seems easier to buy a gun in South Carolina than to throw a javelin in high school."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"it's sort of like my way of giving back\" - The literal meaning is that the speaker sees the sport as an opportunity to give back to the community. The actual meaning is that the speaker wants to use their involvement in the sport to contribute to something meaningful, such as a research project.","questions":"Which project does the speaker want to do at their school?","answer":"Research"}
{"text":["Thanks so much for having me, Farai.","So this is a whole special issue on the issue of prisons. Your article talks about the economic impact the prison system is having on the nation. So what kind of money are we talking about?","We're talking about a tremendous amount of money that's being spent nationally and by the individual states, at least 55 billion dollars a year spent on our prison system, on every conceivable aspect of it. And the numbers are absolutely astonishing, as you mentioned.","Times like this, when the economies of states are in default, can states really afford this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The topic of discussion is about the cost of prisons.","questions":"What is the topic of discussion?","answer":"Prisons"}
{"text":["Hi - so glad to have you with us. And let me start here. Just to recap this war of words, Iran says the U. S.  is lying about where the drone was shot down. The U. S.  says Iran is lying. How are we likely to know?How will this be resolved beyond a take one person's word over the other situation?How do they figure that out?","Well, first, there is, obviously, the release of the actual location data for where the BAMS or Broad Area Maritime Surveillance aircraft was flying. That - hopefully, it will be released shortly by Central Command. But part of it, too, Mary Louise, is the fact that there's absolutely no reason for this aircraft to have to fly over Iran to gather the data that the U. S.  military was interested in gathering.","You're saying there's circumstantial evidence that just - why would it have been there?- which tends to support the U. S.  position.","Well, right. And no U. S.  commander - speaking from experience - would put the aircraft in that kind of a situation. And for your audience, that reason is that, unlike aircraft - surveillance aircraft in the past, the kind of sensor systems that are onboard this drone are such that they can see dozens and dozens and dozens of miles away from the aircraft. So, you know, it's flying up above 50,000 feet over the Strait of Hormuz. It can monitor the entire strait plus see inside Iran without having to fly over it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The US military has evidence to support their claim.","questions":"How does the US military support their claim?","answer":"Release"}
{"text":["Hurricane Dorian, now a Category 4 storm, is stalled over the northern Bahamas. It's moving at just 1 mile an hour as it pulls away and begins a turn to the north toward the southeastern United States. Storm surges, estimated at 15 to 20 feet, are crashing onto Grand Bahama Island. Over the weekend, Dorian left thousands of people on Abaco Island to the east without roofs, transportation and communications. Lindsay Thompson is with the Bahamas National Emergency Management Agency. She did not have any immediate information on casualties.","Preliminary information indicates that there is extensive flooding. Of course, there will be infrastructural damage when you have that level of a storm - a hurricane - historic, as well - passing through an island, which is relatively flat, as well. There's a lot of sand dunes. And so there is a concern for us with excessive flooding.","What about injuries?","Well, we haven't had any reports of injuries. Not that there aren't any, but we just don't have any reports of injuries as yet, if there are any.","Well, how much were the islands able to prepare for Hurricane Dorian?I mean, to stock up on adequate supplies, to make sure people got to shelters safely. Do you think there was enough time in advance?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker implies that there may be injuries, but they haven't been reported yet.","questions":"What is the PersonA's implication about injuries?","answer":"Implication"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. So these are the kinds of people, exactly, who the politicians want to know about, the registered voters?","Absolutely.","And have you gotten any reaction from them at all?","I think there's a lot of interest and, I mean, in fact that as I look back at the bigger picture, we've kind of gone through this, you know, this - I don't know if it's a cycle, but it's certainly is a set of shifts where everybody was talking about climate change and sustainability and global environmental problems, if you remember back in 2007 and 2008. And then, suddenly, everybody has stopped talking about it. And, in fact, for many people, the term - using the word on global warming or climate change in political discourse was seen as something you shouldn't do. I think what we may be at the beginning of is to be able to bring these words back into our political discourse and, actually, as a point of discussion about how do we move forward as a society?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Mm-hmm\" is an informal way of expressing agreement or acknowledgement, rather than its literal meaning of a humming sound.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's statement in turn 0?","answer":"Absolutely"}
{"text":["What I'm going to do next time or in the next few months is I'm going to get storm shutters put in my house. We have no plans on moving, though.","With the electricity restored, the whole family is moving back in today.","And how's baby William doing?","He's doing wonderful. He's eating and sleeping like a champ (laughter). And his big sister is loving her new role, so we're very happy."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is taking measures to protect their home from potential storms in the future","questions":"What is the PersonA's plan?","answer":"Plan"}
{"text":["We've only just begun to look at this, right?So we've only used one kind of treatment of 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness. And we've only looked at cabbage so far. And under our experimental conditions, we find that these chemicals accumulate most in the day, it may be midday, and they go down at night. And there's about a two-fold difference.","Wow.","But much more would need to be done to know really when the best time of day would be to eat different kinds of vegetables.","OK. So you started with cabbage. Are there any other veggies that look enticing, so to speak, for you to study or sort of similar to a cabbage cycle?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : you don't really know that much about this.","questions":"Which turn implies that the speaker lacks knowledge about the subject?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["Revkin told me about a man named Khaled. He worked at a slaughterhouse that ISIS took control of, leaving him with a choice - stay at the job and work for ISIS or leave and face retaliation.","Khaled, like many residents of Mosul, decided that cooperation was the only way to survive. So he continued working in the slaughterhouse. He claimed that he was never trained. He never received combat training or used a weapon or participated in any military operations on behalf of the group. But nonetheless, three years later, when Iraqi security forces, supported by the international coalition, recaptured Mosul, he was 1 of more than 90,000 people who have been detained on suspicion of association with the group. And he was arrested solely on the basis of testimony from a secret informant who had apparently witnessed him pledging allegiance, even though Khaled insisted that this pledge was involuntary and coerced.","So, you know, during the trial, I saw him explain that his work consisted only of feeding and caring for animals at the slaughterhouse. But nonetheless, he was sentenced to 15 years in prison after a trial that lasted less than 30 minutes. And the judges actually told him that he was lucky to receive such a lenient sentence because the crime for which he was convicted, which was membership in a terrorist group, generally brings capital punishment.","A lot of post-ISIS life is figuring out who was or who was not involved in ISIS and bringing the appropriate perpetrators to justice. This is done mostly through courts?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Khaled was put in a difficult situation by ISIS and had to choose between working for them or risking retaliation.","questions":"How did ISIS put Khaled in a difficult situation?","answer":"Choice"}
{"text":["Hopelessness and uncertainty.","Are people trying to leave, and is that something you've considered?","Many people have no choice. And they think - the only thing - I can leave the country. But how can they do that with the huge amount of limitations on Iranians' travelings (ph) and economical limits?They cannot do that. It is very, very difficult for them. And now we see a lot of Iranians who are abroad the country who are evacuating. They cannot do it anymore because of the higher dollar prices. They have to return to the country. It is very difficult situation for them.","Well, thank you so much for speaking with us and sharing your story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asking if the person has considered leaving the country due to the difficult situation.","questions":"Which country are some Iranians trying to leave?","answer":"Iran"}
{"text":["We don't know the why. We do know the effect. It bears a striking resemblance to the Jim Crow literacy tests. I mean, it's 43 questions ranging from geography to culture to agriculture. I would challenge any citizen of any state in Georgia to pass a test of 43 questions about their state.","So before we let you go, could you just describe for people, you know, what it is - because some people might not find it upsetting. They say, well, you know, maybe they're just trying to determine whether the residents of Puerto Rico who have moved are really from Puerto Rico as opposed to from some other Spanish-speaking place. Could you just describe for people again why this - in your view, this violates the law and is offensive?","Well, Puerto Rican American citizens have the same right to transfer their lives, move to another state and have a driver's license as Texans or Ohioans. It's a matter of federal law. It's a matter of the federal Constitution. And Puerto Rican citizens in Georgia are subject to a different set of rules that are much more restrictive.","That's Gerry Weber. He's a senior attorney at the Southern Center. He's also a professor at Emory University School of Law."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The 43-question test is discriminatory and reminiscent of Jim Crow laws","questions":"Which laws are the 43-question test reminiscent of?","answer":"JimCrow"}
{"text":["And that is a big deal because a census is supposed to be a head count of every person living in the country. That's a constitutional mandate regardless of citizenship or immigration status. And those numbers determine how many congressional seats each state gets, as well as how almost $900 billion a year in federal funding for roads, for schools, how all that money is distributed around the country.","Right, so a lot of financial and political implications if you don't have the correct population number, particularly of certain minorities.","Exactly.","What are the two sides arguing?What's that what's the for and the against?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"That's a constitutional mandate regardless of citizenship or immigration status.\" (turn A): The literal meaning is that the census is required by the Constitution and applies to everyone living in the country, regardless of their legal status. The implied meaning is that some people might think the census should only count citizens or legal residents, but the speaker is emphasizing that this is not the case.","questions":"Which aspect of the census is emphasized by the speaker in turn 0?","answer":"Citizenship"}
{"text":["So you can actually go to their job section and look for opportunities with the Office of Personnel Management using their website. Now they say that these are for non-career positions, whether in the White House, or in any federal department, agency, or commission. So this is interesting. I mean you just fill out the form below and you know, right on this website. I'm looking at it right now, and submit if you think you should be working for Obama and Biden.","It looks like - and other folks on NPR have spoken about this as well. There are so many questions - basically you have to have apparently lived a life of a saint in order to be able to pass some of these. . .","Some way of putting it.","Litmus tests. I mean is that really true or does it just seem that way because they really ask you basically have you ever jaywalked, have you ever - of course, not literally, but kind of.","Right, right. Well, I mean the point is this. Look, why waste time?I mean they're going to do what they need to do to process applications the way the federal government would do anyway. So why waste the time?The point is be transparent. I think what they're also trying to say here is send a message, be transparent with us because we're going to find out one way or the other. We're going to look at - if we really seriously are looking at considering hiring somebody, we're going to look at their online footprint, and I do think that they actually do mean that. They are going to look at that online footprint."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The requirements for these positions are very strict and may seem excessive.","questions":"Which positions?","answer":"Positions"}
{"text":["But I'm sure that there's something else that you want to share with us. You have your poems about California, poems about the blues.","I've got one. The once called \"Who I Am in Twilight. \"And it's a poem that is actually emblazoned on the sidewalk. And it's set in stone, as it were, on something called \"Poetry Walk\" in Berkeley, California. They put down on sidewalk, Addison Street, about a hundred poets', I think, work. So it's fun to go over there and see how posterity works, because always somebody has dropped some pizza on it, mashed out a cigarette on it, or something like that.","So don't live for posterity, live for now. But here it is. \"Who I am in Twilight. \"","Like John Lee Hooker, like Lightnin' Hopkins, like the blues himself. The Trickster Sonnet, hoedown, the tango, the cante jondo. Like blessed spirituals and ragas, custom-made. Like sagas. Like stories. Like slick, slow, sly, soliloquies sliding into dramas. Like crime and punishment. Like death and birth. Canal Street, New Orleans. Like the easy, erasable, troubled voices a whirling ceiling fan makes in deep summer nights in hot, un-heavenly hotels. Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee. Like the Mississippi River so deep and wide, you couldn't get a letter to the other side. Like Grand Canyon. Like Yosemite National Park. Like beans and cornbread. Like rest and recreation. Like love and like. I know we last. I know our bleeding stops."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's important to live in the moment rather than for posterity.","questions":"How does PersonA suggest living?","answer":"Moment"}
{"text":["Yes, the mother of Norway. Yeah, that was - she was scheduled to be at this camp basically from breakfast through dinner. And there was a photographer, a newspaper photographer named Sara Johannessen who had been sent to document this, to hang out with Gro for the day. Breivik had planned to kidnap her. Expecting her to be there all day, he had planned to kidnap her and videotape himself beheading her. Now - he says this now. Whether or not that's true, it's - who can really say. But Gro was supposed to be there.","The only reason she wasn't is it was a terribly, terribly rainy day. The island was muddy and sloppy, and she decided to leave early. And Sara, who had been shooting some landscapes - I mean, it's beautiful, beautiful country there - Sara almost missed it. She didn't know that Gro was leaving. And she had to sprint down the hill to catch the ferry, which turned out to be the last ferry off the island that day. And then Sara got back. When she left Utoya, she drove back to Oslo and was parking her car when the bomb went off a block away.","And she immediately went to work from a light feature on the former prime minister to documenting one of the worst incidents in Norwegian history.","Exactly. I mean, she just sprinted right towards - she sprinted towards the blast and just - yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"from a light feature on the former prime minister\" - the literal meaning is a small, lighthearted article about a former prime minister. The actual meaning is a news feature on a tragic event.","questions":"How did Sara's work change after the incident?","answer":"Documenting"}
{"text":["Back now with Day to Day and our conversation with Iranian author Azar Nafisi. I spoke with her about her new memoir.","The title of your book is \"Things I've Been Silent About,\" and one of those things that you've been silent about until now was being sexually abused at a very young age. You were six years old, when a cleric who was visiting your house molested you, and you allude to other men also abusing you later. How did you come to terms with that, and how are you able to write about it?","He was not a cleric; he was a very religious man.","(Laughing) He was maybe worse than some clerics actually."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to be silent about something is to not talk about something, or to keep something a secret","questions":"What was something that Azar Nafisi was silent about until now?","answer":"Sexually"}
{"text":["If you ask the Tunisians in the streets what are their struggles daily, they will tell you economic problems. Tunisia is really facing tremendous challenges. We saw a decline of GDP per capita for Tunisians, which is unprecedented. Tunisians struggle in daily life. And then the currency is devaluating a lot. And so we are still really looking forward toward these elections if they could bring relief, economically speaking.","There are 26 candidates, more than even have run on the Democratic primary for president in the United States.","As surprising as it is. And I will tell you that in the beginning, there were actually about 90. But then only 26 made the legal requirements.","Are there any two or three who seem to be more prominent than the others right now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Tunisians are the average people that go to work each day.","questions":"How would you describe the Tunisians mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Average"}
{"text":["About 300 jobs will be coming back to the Granite City Works plant in Granite City, Ill.  U. S.  Steel made that announcement this past week. That's on top of the 500 new jobs U. S.  Steel announced in March. The company pointed to the Trump administration's controversial tariffs on imported steel as one of the reasons. Dan Simmons is the president of the steelworkers union in Granite City, and he joins us now. Welcome to the program.","Well, thank you.","I want to take you back a little bit to understand the context of what happened in your town. I understand the last few years have been really tough for your members. U. S.  Steel laid off hundreds of workers in 2015. What did that mean for the people there?","It was devastating. When you take their livelihood away, there's nothing out there. And what jobs are there that these guys were able to, you know, pick up, they weren't making nothing what they were making with us. And you watch the - not only these members and their families erode, you see this town erode, the community. It's like a big sucking sound, so to speak.","So what has the community's reaction been to this most recent announcement?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The families, town, and communities lose members and become non existent as a unit.","questions":"What erodes along with the members and their families when their livelihood is taken away?","answer":"Town"}
{"text":["Physically in our experiment that took up - we couldn't really measure it in a scientific way, but between you and me, it's like a speck of dust.","All that stuff on a speck of dust.","Yeah.","And how much room would you need to store all the information in the world?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Again a speck of dust is tiny so it implies it is tiny. ","questions":"What does the speck of dust imply?","answer":"Tiny"}
{"text":["Well, after a while the winnings that I was getting wasn't enough. I always wanted more. And I found myself after a win and if I had to leave, I would always find myself the quickest opportunity to go back and win more and to win more and then I find myself going there every night and on the weekends and every opportunity. But in the winnings, I started to lose as well. And the more I lost, the more I wanted to return and reclaim my losses. And basically that got me started on a whirlwind and a cycle of - seem like never ending.","How deep do you think you were in it in terms of losses, total losses?","Oh, goodness. I would not say millions. But I would say hundreds of thousands.","And it changed your behavior with your friends and family, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker lost a significant amount of money through gambling.","questions":"Which behavior changed due to the significant losses?","answer":"Friends"}
{"text":["People should not affiliate with parties by race or ethnicity; they should affiliate to parties based on the ideas and the proposals of each party. And the former is happening, and it's extremely toxic. It divides our country in a dangerous way, and it really diminishes our democracy.","So what direction would you like to see the party take?I mean, what would be your ideal vision?","Well, I think the party was on a good path after the 2012 election. When any organization or individual faces a setback, I think the important thing to do is to be honest with yourself and identify how you can get better. And if you're a political party, that means how you can appeal to more people.","And of course, there will always be people beyond the reach of either political party, but to be able to get big things done, whichever party is in power is going to have to be able to convince a good majority of the American people that their way is the right way, and the Republican party isn't doing that. They're trying to win by maximizing this base strategy. And again, that can result in election victories, but it doesn't necessarily mean that you're going to be able to accomplish big things for the country."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when a country is divided it means that the people living in the country have very different opinions from one another","questions":"What does the toxic affiliation of parties by race or ethnicity diminish?","answer":"Democracy"}
{"text":["So expect some of them to say, look, we promised Italians to change this country, we're going to do that. And so they already proved that in Bologna, where I am, actually. It's - they've been successfully here in Emilia-Romagna. They were successfully in Parma and in Sicily. They cut deals all the time, American style, really cutting deals on the legislative floor without the parties, and they were very successful.","Well, you've said what you thought should happen. What's your best guess as to what you think will happen?","My bet is that they will find some way - some agreement with - between the Democratic Party and Beppe Grillo's Five Star Movement. Actually, quite - they share - they both are sort on the liberal side of things, to use an American category. They're not right-winger at all. That's my prediction. If Beppe Grillo refuses to do that, he risks, number one, a kind of split within his party, number one.","And number two, if we go back to the polls in ruins next year, with, you know, the (unintelligible) and problem with our bonds, and all that, I think Beppe Grillo will have the hard time to tell Italians, look, I have so many votes and I just threw them away. And I think next time, he's going to have not 25, 30 percent, but 10 percent. It's not in his interest to do that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 'he risks a kind of split within his party' means there is a possibility of division within the party, not literally splitting into two parts.","questions":"Which word describes the possibility of division within Beppe Grillo's party mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Split"}
{"text":["ORDO\u00d1EZ: Well, Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney was on shows this morning defending the administration, defending the White House, saying Democrats like Swalwell, who we just heard, are trying to score political points on the tragedy, saying that about some of the other Democratic candidates who are still in the presidential race. Mulvaney himself is calling the shooter a sick person and says drawing anything other than that is wrong or fair - trying to blame the president is unfair.","This was a sick person. The person in Dayton was a sick person. No politician is to blame for that. The people responsible here are the people who pulled the trigger. We need to figure out how to create less of those kinds of people as a society and not trying to figure out who gets blamed going into the next election.","ORDO\u00d1EZ: And Trump himself, you know, at a rally in Charlotte last year, he said the White House didn't blame Bernie Sanders when one of his supporters went out and shot a Republican lawmaker during a baseball practice. They're saying they want the same type of response.",": And where does the White House stand in terms of policy solutions?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : No politician is to blame for the shooting in Dayton","questions":"What was the reason for the shooting in Dayton?","answer":"sick"}
{"text":["But I understand the point that you're making. She drill - she drilled that into. . .","You know what I'm saying?She drummed that - she drilled that into us. . .","There you go.","One blow, you go. You don't examine; you don't wonder. You run, and you come home, and then we talk from there. And that needs to be - you have to have a line in the sand that is clearly drawn from a young age. And I don't think that happened."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : something was done repeatedly over and over so it became second nature","questions":"What phrase describes the act of instilling a behavior through repetition?","answer":"Repetition"}
{"text":["And that is a big deal because a census is supposed to be a head count of every person living in the country. That's a constitutional mandate regardless of citizenship or immigration status. And those numbers determine how many congressional seats each state gets, as well as how almost $900 billion a year in federal funding for roads, for schools, how all that money is distributed around the country.","Right, so a lot of financial and political implications if you don't have the correct population number, particularly of certain minorities.","Exactly.","What are the two sides arguing?What's that what's the for and the against?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Right, so a lot of financial and political implications if you don't have the correct population number, particularly of certain minorities.\" (turn B): The literal meaning is that an incorrect population count can have significant consequences for federal funding and political representation, especially for minority groups. The implied meaning is that this is a serious issue that deserves attention and action.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of turn B?","answer":"Importance"}
{"text":["And she had been through family illnesses and the death of her husband and all these things. But she said that the comment, the Don Imus comment about \"nappy-headed hoes,\" referring to her team at Rutgers, was the toughest thing she'd been through. How did you feel when that statement was made and hit the news?","I felt saddened again. I felt like, wow, are you serious?Like, here we are in 2007 and once again, I don't know if at times, we - and I say we, I don't know if black people or just we Californians or we some people - just feel like, wow, we've really passed that point. Like it doesn't really exist, or you don't experience it so much, that I guess when we do experience it, you're just like, you feel like you have to take another step back.","What do you see coming up?You've done modeling, been to the Olympics, you know, obviously you're a wife and mother. What do you see coming up for you?","I have the Lisa Leslie Basketball Academy, which is great because I never wanted to lend my name without being able to give back to the youth myself. And this is a place where the kids can come out and play. And they will be able to learn and go through drills. And I also have a camp. Also I see me doing public speaking. I really think that our youth needs to hear positive stories like mine, and just see that it doesn't matter what your situation is at home."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Don Imus comment caused emotional pain to the coach and her team","questions":"What was the comment that caused emotional pain to the coach and her team?","answer":"Place"}
{"text":["The founder and the all-female staff of the Vatican women's magazine have resigned abruptly citing a climate of distrust. Their publication has gotten attention for their recent work to expose the sexual abuse of nuns by priests. Those stories led to the rise of the hashtag #NunsToo. In a letter of resignation to the pope, the editorial board wrote that they believe there is a Vatican campaign to discredit them and put them under the control of men. And we have NPR's Sylvia Poggioli on the line from Rome.","Hi, Sylvia.","Hi, David.","They are accusing the Vatican of some very serious things there, it sounds like. Tell me more about what prompted this."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is simply a request for more information about what prompted the resignations. However, the implicated meaning could be interpreted as skepticism or doubt about the seriousness of the accusations made by the editorial board. This is because the phrasing \"it sounds like\" suggests a lack of full belief or acceptance of the accusations.","questions":"How does the phrasing \"it sounds like\" suggest a lack of full belief or acceptance?","answer":"Skepticism"}
{"text":["But what nobody really knows is what happened beforehand. How did we get there?What did it take, you know, to stand up against two major institutions, to stand up against law enforcement agencies, multiple law enforcement agencies that had botched prior investigations and silenced victims?And that was what I really wanted to tell.","And it was hard to see at times because it was perpetrated by a physician. In the book, you write about how you first realized that abuse was taking place. It took you a while to understand what was happening to you because it was under the guise of medical care.","You write, quote, while I knew something had happened to me that was wrong, \"I didn't know yet that the penetration and everything I'd written off as pelvic floor therapy were anything but legitimate. I was, however, certain that no one would care about a teenage girl getting groped. Anyone could look around and know that. The sexual harassment and objectification of women were constantly downplayed. \"","Rachael, it sounds like there were a couple of difficult things happening here - first, acknowledging the abuse to yourself and then thinking that you wouldn't be believed even if you told someone."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : she was raped and doctor given given the false statement about it","questions":"What was the false statement given by the doctor?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["But we can also use technology to, you know, warn providers when they're entering orders, for instance. If I'm supposed to be in Mr.  James Smith and entering a complex chemotherapy order, for instance, I'd get an alert saying, are you sure?","Because there was another, you know, Mr.  James Smith on the same ward in the hospital. Are you sure you're entering orders on the right Mr.  James Smith, you know, for instance?","Anything a patient can do to protect him or herself?","With electronic health records has come in a layer of additional transparency for the health care system where patients can access more information electronically than they could ever do before."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Patients can now have more access to their own medical records and other health care information online.","questions":"What layer of transparency has come with electronic health records?","answer":"Additional"}
{"text":["All right, we'll have to keep our eye on that one. You mention the Super Bowl. I was going to bring up Santonio Holmes but you did it. You know, last year you and I had a bet about the Super Bowl which I won. This year, I guess you are afraid. . .","No (laughing).","To bet - to bet with me. Were you surprised that it turned out the way that it did?I know you thought Pittsburgh probably was going to win, but I bet you were really scared with about a minute left in the game.","I was stunned. I mean, I thought, you know, I thought the game turned at intermission, you know, when the NFL's most valuable player rumbled a hundred yards Harris(ph) within a reception. But yeah, I was stunned by the catch. I think the entire world was stunned by what has to be the most perfect throw and catch in Super Bowl history. I mean. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : most perfect catch in superbowl history was implied","questions":"Which catch stunned PersonA and the entire world in the Super Bowl?","answer":"catch"}
{"text":["Hopelessness and uncertainty.","Are people trying to leave, and is that something you've considered?","Many people have no choice. And they think - the only thing - I can leave the country. But how can they do that with the huge amount of limitations on Iranians' travelings (ph) and economical limits?They cannot do that. It is very, very difficult for them. And now we see a lot of Iranians who are abroad the country who are evacuating. They cannot do it anymore because of the higher dollar prices. They have to return to the country. It is very difficult situation for them.","Well, thank you so much for speaking with us and sharing your story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Iranians are struggling to leave the country due to limitations and economic difficulties.","questions":"How are Iranians affected by the current situation in their country?","answer":"negatively"}
{"text":["That's where I went to school.","You went to Fremont?","I went to Fremont High School, I did.","Oh, my goodness. So, you know, East 14th is now called International Boulevard, and you lived in two very different worlds in that part of Oakland. Tell me a little bit about the best and worst of both sides.","Well, I lived my - after my parents divorced, my mother remarried a guy who made us be in that religion that rhymes with tehova's sitnesses (ph)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asking for confirmation that the person went to Fremont.","questions":"How is Fremont related to the PersonA's school experience?","answer":"School"}
{"text":["Well, the first one was, of course, a really bad jolt that brought down all the buildings; things were swaying. The second one for some reason was - people panicked even more because I guess the memory of the first one was so fresh. Although it didn't kill as many people, and it was technically supposed to be an aftershock of the first one, still it sent people back to the shelters. People were sleeping out in the open again. And then just as things were starting to get back to some sort of normalcy, the panic level suddenly went up again.","Is the ground still shaking every now and then?","Oh, yeah, this is a roller coaster. I mean, it just - we haven't had any big aftershock today, but last night, yesterday morning - and we don't know if the aftershocks are just merging into one, you know, of the first one and the second one.","We're talking you on Skype. Has the world media left at this point?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : very good His words implied a threat. War implies fighting and death.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue suggests that the speaker is describing a chaotic situation?","answer":"rollercoaster"}
{"text":["Could you cite a single example of bias?","Sure. Andrew Weissman, the No. 2 member of the Mueller probe, attended the Hillary Clinton election night party. You would think with all the talented prosecutors to be asked throughout the federal system, we could likely assemble a team without having to pick the people who were engaged in the 2016 election to the extent that they would be at one of the candidates' election night parties.","Well, I mean - A, I don't know that; B, so he attended a party - I mean, public officials, like reporters - for example, I think in many ways, like representatives in Congress, who are supposed to be capable of independent and unbiased judgment when it comes to doing their jobs.","But members of Congress don't end up prosecuting people. And, you know, when you're dealing with a prosecution and potentially, you know, here, with the president the United States being investigated, I would think that you would want to avoid even the appearance of bias. And here, the bias seems to be significant. It's also laid out in the text messages between Peter Strzok and Lisa Page."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning is that bias should be avoided when dealing with a prosecution, and that the text messages between Strzok and Page demonstrate bias.","questions":"Which topic is being discussed by PersonA and B, specifically in relation to avoiding bias?","answer":"Prosecution"}
{"text":["We don't really know at this moment. But we do know that Director Comey has been under tremendous pressure ever since his announcement back in July. Republicans have been ripping him for not going further than his criticism of Secretary Clinton, which was quite strong, for her extreme carelessness.","And, you know, Donald Trump has been casting doubt on the legitimacy of the whole process. And here's the thing - the director might well have expected that if there is something being discussed internally at the FBI about these Weiner emails, whatever they are, that would become public at some point, whether he wanted that to happen or not. And he didn't want to appear to have suppressed them.","What's your estimation, as we speak today, on how this affects the presidential election in 10 days?","Well, let's start with the obvious, it's a tremendous boon to the Trump campaign. They've been thrown a life preserver of sorts. They had just had another week of mostly bad news, mostly down in the polls. We had just learned how far behind they are in terms of fundraising. We found out that the candidate himself had not contributed nearly as much money to the effort as he had promised back in 2015. And there was beginning to be something of an air of resignation about elements of the Trump campaign. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of (3) is asking what the effects will be of the FBI investigation on the election, while the literal meaning of the question is to ask for an estimation on the election in 10 days. ","questions":"What is the reason for the Trump campaign receiving a boost?","answer":"emails"}
{"text":["We're approaching the 16th anniversary of U. S.  troops serving in Afghanistan. It's been a little more than a month since President Trump announced a new strategy to send more U. S.  troops as advisers to the Afghan military as it tries to train its own soldiers. Our Pentagon correspondent Tom Bowman has been in and out of Afghanistan for the past decade. He's there again with U. S.  Marines checking out how things seem to be going. He joins us now from the Helmand Province. Tom, thanks so much for being with us.","You're welcome, Scott.","What have you noticed in your time with the Afghan troops?","Well, Scott, I was here last year with the U. S.  Army, and they were advising the Afghan army at a higher level. And now with the Marines here, about 300 Marines, they saw the need to help the Afghans down at a lower level, closer to the front lines. And they're actually going out to Afghan bases, something you didn't see the army do. The American soldiers pretty much stayed on their larger base talking with Afghan generals."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Well, Scott, I was here last year with the U.S. Army, and they were advising the Afghan army at a higher level. And now with the Marines here, about 300 Marines, they saw the need to help the Afghans down at a lower level, closer to the front lines. And they're actually going out to Afghan bases, something you didn't see the army do. The American soldiers pretty much stayed on their larger base talking with Afghan generals.\"  In this turn, the actual implied meaning is that the Marines are actively engaging with and providing assistance to the Afghan troops at a more localized and frontline level. This is in contrast to the U.S. Army, who mainly interacted with Afghan generals from their larger base. The implied meaning is not simply about physical proximity or location but about the level of engagement and support provided by the Marines.","questions":"What is the main difference in the level of engagement between the U.S. Army and the Marines with Afghan troops?","answer":"Level"}
{"text":["I will walk down the red carpet, yes, yes.","Oh, man, that's exciting, huh?Tell us what it was like when you found out, and tell us you found that you had been nominated for Grammy Award, your first.","Well, it's a pretty funny story, because since I'm an indie artist and this is my first foray into the industry, let alone this part of it, I wasn't really expecting anything and I didn't even know when the Grammys were being announced. That's how far off I was. And I was sitting at home in my jammies, actually, watching \"Top Chef. \"I might have been watching even watching it on TV, I don't know, but the phone rang and it was my producer, who also co-writes my songs with me. And he said, um, I think you've been nominated for Grammy. I was like, shut up.","I was, like - I didn't even know I've been submitted. Like, nobody told me that I had been submitted. I just wasn't even thinking about it. So, it was really crazy. It took a couple of hours, actually, for me to believe him. Like, I actually hung up on him."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : When this person says \"shut up\" they are expressing surprise and happiness, not hostility. ","questions":"What was the person's initial reaction to hearing about their Grammy nomination?","answer":"Surprise"}
{"text":["Yeah. Mr. Champagne, is it rough to be - well, look, we've done stories in Englewood. What's it like to be a young man in Englewood now, surrounded, as I don't have to tell you, by a lot of crime, a lot of drugs, sirens all night?","Yeah, correct.","People who are, you know, afraid to walk the street. What's it like growing up that way?","Well, it's tough 'cause you got to know when to come outside, when not to come out; when to go to the store, when not to go to the store. You know, cross the street, go left, go right, you know, either way it go, you get, like, A, shot at or, you know, get jumped, get robbed. It's tough.","Yeah. And a program like this, how does it help you see things differently and what you should do differently?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  People who are, you know, afraid to walk the street. Implied meaning: The speaker is not simply describing individuals who have fear while walking on the street, but is implying that there is a pervasive sense of fear and danger in the neighborhood.","questions":"What is the speaker implying about the neighborhood?","answer":"dangerous"}
{"text":["Well, this ongoing and developing saga between singers Chris Brown and Rihanna. The president's proposed stimulus package is getting kicked around online as well. This is from the blog Political Season. He writes: Half of America is very weary of the bailout, and the other half loathes it, and nobody understands the logic going into it. Is it just me or would it have made a whole lot more sense for there to have been some public disclosure so that people understood the urgency and the emergency involved?","And this is from the blog Cob(ph): Like the woman who was pregnant when she voted for Obama because she thought he'd change America's health-care system in time for her baby, a lot of people are going to be disappointed to find that the stimulus plan is not going to be as broad and timely as the economy will be wiping out jobs.","And after today's developments, they are probably going to be even more confused in terms of what's about to happen. What can people find out on our Web site this week, Geoffrey?","Well, we've got two recent in-studio performances, one from Maisha, another one from Asha. They're both female singers who go by one name."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : kicked around means people are talking about it quite frequently","questions":"How are people reacting to the bailout?","answer":"Weary"}
{"text":["What about the whole impact of race in this socioeconomic equation. There's many times when black Americans are viewed as the canary in the coal mine. And you see unemployment's number rising faster in the black community than you do in America at large. What is happening now and what is going to unfold, do you think, in African-American communities?","Well, we could see continued spikes on the black unemployment rate. African-Americans are the one who are more likely to exhaust unemployment benefits because we are more likely to have long-term unemployment. So this is a real strain coming up for the African-American community if we continue to see job cuts take place.","The unemployment rate for blacks tends to spike early on when job growth slows and then we tend to be the last hired. And then when jobs actually start being cut, we start to lose because we tend to also be the first ones fired.","Give me some examples of what might happen in a place like Washington, D. C.  You know, you're at Howard University, you're in the heart of Washington, D. C.  and it's a very, in some ways, very much a typical African-American community-based city, in other ways completely diverse both socioeconomically and racially. How do you see the poor African-American neighborhoods in the District being affected potentially by some of the trends in jobs and some of the trends in the economy?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"viewed as the canary in the coal mine\" - This is a metaphorical expression that means black Americans are often the first to experience negative effects of societal problems or economic changes, similar to how a canary would die first in a coal mine if there were toxic gases present.","questions":"What is the metaphor used to describe how black Americans are often the first to experience negative effects of societal problems or economic changes?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":["But so. . . .","So I tried to do it. And, you know, I had like - I had some - added some, like, champagne yeast or something, this grape juice that I got. And it fermented, and it was alcoholic. But I - and I bottled it to carbonate. I'm looking at it, lightly shaking it, looking for, like, little bubbles. This was early and - in fermentation days. And I'm like, man, I think it's a dud; I don't think it worked, you know?And I go - I just literally went to go flip it. And as soon as I touched it, ba-ba-boom (ph). The whole thing, it turned into like - into sand. You know, it just, like, misted. There was red faux lambrusco on the ceiling, on the floor, a little microcut on my face from the glass. Chris was shellshocked - took him two days to talk.","It seriously turned to sand?That's what will happen?","Well, no. But, I mean, it just like - there was not - it, like, vaporized.","It vaporized."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B: \"It seriously turned to sand? That's what will happen?\" The literal meaning of B's question suggests that A's beverage actually transformed into sand. However, B is using a figurative expression to emphasize the unexpected and surprising outcome of A's experiment. B is not asking about the literal transformation into sand, but rather expressing disbelief or astonishment.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of PersonB's question?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["So, there's a whole big huge chasm which some of us live in part of the time at least, where where's this music?Where is the new soul music?Where are the people that are writing the classics that are going to be around in 20 years, and 30 years, and 40 years?","Well, in addition to your own songs, you have sung other folks' work. And in 2004, you sang on a tribute album for Luther Vandross. Here's a little bit of \"Forever, For Always, For Love. \"","(Singing) Do you remember The love that we once had?Well, if I had the chance to love you again, I'd make your heart forget I was ever there\u00c9","I still miss him."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : You sang tribute songs instead of creating new ones.","questions":"What did PersonA do instead of creating new songs?","answer":"Sang"}
{"text":["Everybody else in the theater did. I didn't.","Oh, yeah, right.","Every single person cried except for me.","Oh, yeah, because they were only slicing onions for you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker did not cry due to lack of emotional involvement, not because of onions.","questions":"How did the speaker avoid crying?","answer":"Involvement"}
{"text":["Well, a pretty disturbing picture has emerged of these two men online - some interest in, I guess, Nazism and Russian communist iconography. And beyond that, very little is known. I mean, they're a mystery to us. They are currently still on the run. Their families have spoken a little bit and have now sort of gone quiet.","And I think the whole country and beyond is just waiting to see where and when these two men might pop up or if indeed they will at all. There's a good chance, at this point, they might also be dead.","Well, police were zeroing in on a community that they thought might be their chance at finding them. And they called in drones and helicopters and boats and the military. But it sounds like they might be scaling back now. I mean, are they giving up?","Yeah, I mean, the problem is these young men had quite a head start. Initially, they were only believed to be missing and even thought to be potential victims after their vehicle was found burned out in B. C. So. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to be on the run in this context means you are avoiding authorities","questions":"What is the reason for the police calling in drones, helicopters, boats, and the military?","answer":"Finding"}
{"text":["Well, let's talk about the forecasting because one of the amazing parts of sort of science of this story was that hours before, the National Weather Service locally issued a warning that there might be a tornado. And it was pretty spot-on, it sounded like.","Yeah. You know, even days before. I mean, with this region was under the gun, we had outlooks noting this particular area would be prone to these types of storms on that particular date. Even that day, as you noted, some of our high resolution models indicated the possibility of tornadic storms. I know the National Weather Service put out some public communications, even warning, I think, somewhere around 11, 11:30, noontime hour that there was a possibility of storms later that afternoon. And even special warnings for schools.","So I want to give out a shout out to the colleagues and members of AMS there working at the National Weather Service and in the broadcast community because they were on top of it from the beginning. And I want to also emphasize that the Weather Service put out warnings 16 minutes before the storm even touched down. The average warning time these days is around 13 to 15 minutes, and that's up from five minutes in 1990. So although to many in the public that doesn't sound like a lot, that's actually above average so - and even more time before the storm reached Moore.","Talking with Marshall Shepherd, president of the American Meteorological Society. I'm Flora Lichtman, and this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. So what accounts for this change, this bettering of our prediction time?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The forecast for the tornado warning was exactly right for the place and time it issued it.","questions":"Which forecasting service was praised by PersonA for issuing a warning 16 minutes before the storm touched down?","answer":"National"}
{"text":["Why they're talking about it is because they feel they have to talk about it. The government of Bangladesh wants the bulk of these people to return. They also would be feeling some domestic pressures in this area, as well. And the government of Burma, I think, is feeling some of the pressure from the international community and feels some need to be responsive. But the real story here is this is horrifying, this discussion, to be taking place right now, given the complete absence of measures in place to ensure safety and security upon return.","As I understand it, the Rohingya, according to this agreement, will be moved from the camps in Bangladesh to a camp in Myanmar where there could be security concerns.","Oh yeah, there are no safeguards in place. There - been no serious discussion of safeguards for return. You have to realize that we're talking about one of the greatest crimes in recent memory - massive abuses, forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of people in a matter of weeks.","There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N.  official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There has been no discussion of safeguards for the return of the Rohingya after being forcefully relocated.","questions":"How has the discussion of safeguards been for the Rohingya?","answer":"lacking"}
{"text":["And what's the story about how your parents met?","Well, they met in art school in Charlotte. . .","(Singing) In the '60s, black boots, mini skirt, blonde curls. Then when you went to art school. . .","And my mom would go and see him play. He was in a jazz funk band called Fungus Blues. And she would go. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is trying to add some humor to the conversation","questions":"Which turn did PersonA make a reference to a specific era?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["Has the Catholic Church made enough progress in fighting abuse by its priests?That question has renewed urgency after George Pell became the highest-ranking member of the clergy to be formally charged. Cardinal Pell of Australia is a close adviser to the pope. He's been charged with sexual assault. He says he's innocent. Police in Melbourne aren't releasing the details of his accusers.","Joining us to talk about the case from Dublin and the broader questions it raises is Marie Collins. She was until recently on a papal commission dealing with the sexual abuse of children by clergy. Thanks for being with us.","Glad to be here.","So please remind us of your story. How did this come to be an issue in your life?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The turn that has a figurative meaning is turn (4), where the speaker uses the phrase \"remind us of your story\" to mean \"tell us about your experience with this issue\". The literal meaning of \"remind us of your story\" would be asking the person to recall a previous narrative they had shared.","questions":"What did the speaker mean by saying \"remind us of your story\"?","answer":"Experience"}
{"text":["Correct. But writ large, this is not going to have the sort of change that the authors of the memo anticipate it will have because mandatory detention ability is useless without beds. All of the detention beds are already full. And the only way there would be new beds is if the Congress authorized new beds, and that was a massive fight in the last appropriations bill. There's no reason to think that that massive fight will move any further in this appropriations bill.","Right. Now, you're a member of an advisory council for the Department of Homeland Security that issues recommendations to the department on various issues. Last night, your group issued a set of emergency actions that DHS should take immediately to address the flow of migrants at the border. And this was one of the concerns you flagged - that there aren't enough asylum officers, judges or even buildings to process all the migrants.","Correct. That's exactly right. I think if you have two alternatives, one - on one side is a border wall of 2,000 miles and a massive deprivation of rights, which is sort of one way of solving this, and another extreme on the other end, which is do nothing and continue to allow the situation that's happening now to increase in numbers.","A compromise in the middle would be do not diminish the rights people have but expedite the consideration of what we're ultimately trying to consider. And I think that is right down the middle. You know, zero to a hundred, that's right there at 50 of what, maybe, can be a bipartisan compromise."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"writ large\" - This phrase means \"on a large scale\" or \"as a general principle,\" rather than referring to something that is physically written in large letters.","questions":"Which phrase means \"on a large scale\" or \"as a general principle\"?","answer":"Writ"}
{"text":["I wrote nothing that of the slightest consequence before I met Sarah. I was a gag man for Fred Allen for five years. In his time, he was the greatest of the radio comedians. And jokes work for what they are but they're ephemeral. They just disappear. And that was the kind of thing I did up until the time that I met Sarah and we married. And I would say my literary career and my mature life both began with her.","And she would read everything that you did, and I gather she wouldn't be shy about telling you to change stuff.","Well, Scott, I used to read the books to her as I wrote them. And I have to tell you, she didn't like \"Marjorie\" at all at first. I'm not sure she ever got used to it because I couldn't quite conceal the fact that I was sort of falling in love with this imaginary young woman. But she would tell me what she thought. It was almost always right. And I would either get angry because I thought she was wrong and then have to get used to it, or I heard right away that she was right.","May I ask how you're doing without her?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He was a comedian for Fred Allen, not an actual gag man.","questions":"What was PersonA's profession before he met Sarah?","answer":"Gag"}
{"text":["It is. And there's actually - turns out, there's a lot of responsibility with that because there are spectators everywhere. There are cameras everywhere. There's high winds, of course. They have to watch out for that. And anybody who doesn't stop when the yellow jersey stops, they're - they get in big trouble. And anybody who pees when there is too much wind or when they're in a group stuck somewhere, there are repercussions for people who sort of break these secret pee rules.","What other anecdotes do you have from other sports?","Well, the way I like to put this is there are nearly 3 billion gallons of urine evacuated on earth every day. And my reporting discovered that it seems like most of it ends up on an NFL field somewhere. Really, at any given moment, on an NFL sideline, there are probably a handful of players relieving themselves. They're sort of hiding in plain sight, whether they're going behind a towel or just going into their football pants or going behind an equipment case. You know, there are maybe 10 different techniques that football players relieve themselves during NFL games.","And wait, did you actually say that some of them just pee their pants?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"yellow jersey\" - this refers to the leader of the Tour de France race and is not a literal yellow-colored shirt.","questions":"Which jersey color refers to the Tour de France race leader?","answer":"Yellow"}
{"text":["Good to still be with you, Scott.","Got your Sharpie ready?","(Laughter).","Let me go on. Congress is coming back to a debate that has raged over firearms. There were a number of mass shootings, and it doesn't seem to have much impact on the debate, has it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : interviewer is asking if he is ready to start the interview again","questions":"What item did PersonB ask if PersonA had ready?","answer":"Sharpie"}
{"text":["First of all, Ford says it doesn't need the money right now. It needs a line of credit in case. And they believe that they can make it, that they can make it through these hard times. So, there is one big difference. They don't have to go to the extremes that, say, GM does, who say they need money right now.","Jean, I'd like to go back to GM for a moment, and I know you mentioned Larry Burns is a friend. If you were to point out one thing that you think that they're not doing that they should be doing at General Motors, what would that be?","You know, they have been just slow, very slow. They have brought out many, many vehicles in the past - and he is absolutely correct when he says, you know, nine of the last 10 vehicles that have come out have been great vehicles. Two of the next 24 will be what Congress is asking them to do.","So, they're addressing the issues. They have the Chevy Cruise. They have the Malibu, which was an Automobile Magazine All-Star last year, its first year out. We called it better than a Camry. They have a Malibu hybrid. They have the Cadillac line, CTS, CTSV. They have Volt. They have very good vehicles coming out. They have been perhaps slow to ax the ones that are not so good.","Jean Jennings is the editor of Automobile magazine. Thanks, Jean."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : THEIR VARITIES OF VEHICLES EXPLAINS THE CONDITION ","questions":"What aspect of GM's business operations is discussed in turn 3?","answer":"Vehicles"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me.","Does presenting Rabbit like this make your character into a kind of everywoman that spans all experience?","I was thinking of her not necessarily as an everywoman, but as Vietnam itself in certain kinds of ways. The book is very much about a character who can hear the voices of the dead. And I was very interested in trying to transform Vietnam from the perceptions that we have about it in the West. Typically, you know, when we think of Vietnam here in the United States, we think of it as a metaphor. You know, it's synonymous with the idea of a quagmire.","And we think of it as our problem."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : We think of Vietnam as our problem\u201d but not \u201cTypically, when we think of Vietnam here in the United States, we think of it as a metaphor\u201d which is the literal meaning of the turn.","questions":"How does the United States typically perceive Vietnam?","answer":"Quagmire"}
{"text":["Two and four.","What happens when school comes along?","That is the million dollar question in so many cities. My wife is extremely active in the local schools and extremely supportive of our extremely local schools right next to our house, which are, as we speak, being shut down and consolidated and struggling. But that is why a lot of people are leaving the city because they see a better school system, even as D. C. 's improves. In many inner cities, schools improve, they see a better system just outside of town. So, we happen to be in with our two kids an excellent charter school. The downside there though, and this is a very interesting discussion, is that we not have a bit of a commute. My wife typically drives our kids to school. And she says, you know, I didn't move to the city to be a suburban commuter.","It strikes me. Towards the end of your book you have this beautiful section about a beautiful urban vision of - a lot of people remember - Mary Tyler Moore walking the streets of Minneapolis - and you're going to - and throwing her hat up in the air.","Yep. Mary Tyler Moore brings up a couple of really interesting things. The most interesting discussion is - I mean, what TV shows did I watch when I was a kid?\"Gilligan's Island,\" \"Partridge Family,\" \"Brady Bunch\". . .","Well, say what you will about \"Gilligan's Island. \"That was a walkable environment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : (6) Implies an appreciation and admiration of \"Gilligan's Island\" as a walkable environment.","questions":"What does PersonB say about \"Gilligan's Island\"?","answer":"Talks"}
{"text":["They have. About 40-plus have gone, probably as we talk, a number of them have left.","He's not considered a good candidate to lead the party to victory in a general election, I gather.","No, no, he's not. The leadership's come to him very late in life. He's a poor communicator. And that makes it very difficult to win over votes. He excites a section of Britain young people who will turn out in their thousands for his rallies and his meet and. . .","They feel the Bern.","They feel the Bern. The comparisons, again, you can see parallels between what is happening in Britain with what is happening in America. And they're not false. They're not invented.","Kevin Maguire of the Daily Mirror who joined us on Skype, thanks very much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The supporters of Jeremy Corbyn are very committed and enthusiastic about him.","questions":"How do Jeremy Corbyn's supporters feel about him?","answer":"enthusiastic"}
{"text":["Can you give a practical example of that?","So companies like Starbucks. Starbucks was the place people went. It was the third place, not home and not the office. Can they rekindle that connection people have between Starbucks and their lives?","So how do you build an emotional connection with Starbucks, especially at a time where people are saying, 3. 75 for a latte?No thank you.","Yeah. The key word here is the experience. What are the experiences that you render to people as they go about their day?And those experiences can be online. Those experiences can be offline. They can be - how do you live and emote with a company like Starbucks or with a company like Microsoft or with a small company, with a product that you might buy -an ice cream that you might like."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This statement implies that people saw Starbucks as a place to go to that was distinct from their home or workplace but A was wondering whether Starbucks can recapture that emotional connection with consumers.","questions":"How was Starbucks seen as a distinct place from home and work?","answer":"Distinct"}
{"text":["Well, the thing that's on the drawing board right now is the economic stimulus plan, and I think we do need a very large plan that would include increases in government spending and tax cuts.","To add to this troubled economy, we now have the latest unemployment figures out this morning from major metropolitan areas. Here's how they look. In November 2007, 18 areas reported jobless rates of at least seven percent. In November 2008, that number jumped to 121. Which areas have seen the highest unemployment rate?","Well, the most significant problems are in the industrial Midwest. As we all know, the auto industry is having a great deal of difficulty, and layoffs have been very severe. Also, in parts of the country where the housing market has been hit hard - California, Florida, Arizona, Nevada - there, too, employment has fallen, unemployment has risen.","And which areas are seeing the lowest unemployment numbers?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The unemployment rate has dramatically increased in various metropolitan areas.","questions":"How has unemployment changed in major metropolitan areas?","answer":"Increased"}
{"text":["That's right, yeah. I mean, these - the owners of these brains in life, you know, they lived at this state hospital. Just looking at the condition of the brains now I can only imagine what they endured in life and now their brains were taken by questionable means. It's not entirely clear if it was legal for them to be taken by the doctor at the state hospital and then they were put in these jars. And it's upsetting to look at them, honestly, to see, you know, to imagine the circumstances of their life and then to see them there - it makes you consider your own brain, I suppose.","Well, a tough story to report. Thank you for doing it, Matt.","No problem.","Matt Largey, of member station KUT in Austin."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Well, a tough story to report.\" - This turn is a figurative expression that means the story is emotionally difficult to report, rather than physically difficult.","questions":"Which expression is used by PersonB to describe the story?","answer":"Tough"}
{"text":["So in your polling, in your research, do you find that it's going to come down to maybe a couple thousand votes from these unaffiliated voters and on what issues?Or will they vote?","It is likely at the moment to be a very narrow victory. President Bush won in 2004 with five percent. That was 100,000 votes. In other words, if it is one percent, that would be 20,000 votes, and right now, the polls are moving around in just single percentage points. So it could be that narrow.","Now, I have read that Colorado is going to be this year's Florida and Ohio, that this is going to be the state that decides the election.","I think it could be, and the interesting thing is that Obama and Palin were both in Jefferson County a couple of days ago, indicating that there may be actually even a county that could be looked at to be beyond an entire state."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meaning of the turn is different from its literal meaning. The turn is using a hypothetical scenario to explain how a narrow victory in the upcoming election could be possible based on current polling data.","questions":"Which hypothetical scenario is being used to explain how a narrow victory in the upcoming election could be possible based on current polling data?","answer":"Narrow"}
{"text":["Let's go back and talk about the suspended campaign for a moment. What is the practical effect of that on the race for the White House?","I suspect that the main affect it's had thus far is to get everyone talking about John McCain and how he has a tendency to shake things up again, which is a big part of John McCain's campaign persona, his narrative, if you will, that he is a fellow who is inclined to do the unexpected, to move between the parties, to move on his own, to be a maverick, to be unpredictable, to throw the long ball if you'd like, and sometimes that can really change things.","Now, I think that the McCain campaign maybe telling us in the hours to come that just the shift in emphasis over the last 24 hours since he's talked about suspending his campaign - it's been a little less than 24 hours since the mid-afternoon announcement that he wanted to do that on Wednesday - that just that alone changed the atmosphere in Washington, and even before he returned to Washington, the fruits of that were visible. That's obviously going to be a debatable proposition. I think a lot of people are going to relate to this as having been a kind of campaign device that had very little effect on the actual bailout negotiations. But those two sides will contend.","I have less than 30 seconds for your answer, and the question is, is it fair to ask whether or not Sarah Palin could have continued campaigning?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They are implying that they are short on time","questions":"What is the time constraint in the dialogue?","answer":"Time"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News & Notes. The UNITY Convention, considered to be the largest annual meeting of journalists around the world, kicks off tomorrow in Chicago. The convention brings together the National Association of Black Journalists, the National Association of Hispanic Journalists, the Asian-American Journalist Association, and the Native American Journalist Association.","This year's theme is a new journalism for a changing world. Joining us to talk about the gathering is UNITY president Karen Lincoln Michel. So Karen, can you give us a diversity report card of how the industry is doing overall regarding journalists of color?","Yes. The Radio-Television News Directors Association just released a survey yesterday that showed that there were some slight gains that were made in television among women and minorities. And I'm not sure if that also showed if the work force is shrinking in broadcast, but there some gains made there. But it's still below the levels of people of color in the U. S.  population.","There's a recent employment survey of minorities in the newsroom done every year by the American Society of Newspaper Editors. And this year's showed a very slight increase in the number of people of color in supervisory positions. Now granted, the whole industry shrank by about 2,400 positions, and nearly 300 of them were people of color. But in this climate, I think you need to build on small gains like the slight increase in people of color in supervisory positions."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The representation of minorities in newsrooms is still inadequate.","questions":"How is the representation of minorities in newsrooms?","answer":"below"}
{"text":["Right. You have this really shocking statistic in your article where you say that personal consumption amounts to 70 percent of the American economy.","Yeah, that's right. Basically, we are the engine of our own economy. And for far too long apparently, we've just been swiping our Visa cards willy nilly and pumping up this economy. The worry is that when we stop doing that, which is what's happening, our economy is going to sag.","So you went out to see if it was sagging. You went to the Mall of America. What did you find?","The most ambitious mall in the United States, the mall that is doing the most to put you in the fugue state that allows you to spend. They're up against it at the Mall of America. What I found was a lot of people who weren't shopping all that much and a lot of people that were counting their pennies in a way that they never had before."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : We are the reason that there is an economy. We've been buying things with our Visa cards without a care. When we stop doing that the economy is going to go down.","questions":"Which statistic?","answer":"70"}
{"text":["I think, given what we know about the internal divisions within Iran on some of these issues and the - their negotiating behavior in the past where they've made outrageous public statements and then in negotiations walk right - walked them right back, I wouldn't put too much credence in those statements at this point.","How much confidence do you have that the sanctions and the negotiations are going to be fruitful?","I think that this is going to create the best opportunity we've had in many, many years to test the seriousness of the Iranians and whether they're willing, you know, really, they're - they have a choice between either saving their economy and being part of - a viable part of the region or pursuing a nuclear weapons program that will make them a pariah, even more of a pariah than they are today. That's a pretty fundamental strategic choice. And I think we'll know in the coming weeks and months what choice they make.","Why won't deterrence and containment work with Iran?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : going to be fruitful implies that it will be successful, the goals achieved and not referring to fruits from the trees ","questions":"How does \"fruitful\" refer to the negotiations with Iran?","answer":"Success"}
{"text":["Good to be here, Scott.","So why didn't you just tell your daughter Ronnie let's train for a chili cook-off instead?","I tried. I tried, and she was insistent. She was in her first year at the great Georgia Tech studying aerospace engineering. She wants to be an astronaut. And she said, look, I've got to be fit. We have to do it. And I thought - past the age of 50, I just thought it was beyond me. I'd done it when I was young, but I didn't think I could anymore.","You are running six marathons in nine days, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"So why didn't you just tell your daughter Ronnie let's train for a chili cook-off instead?\" - The literal meaning of this turn is a question about why the person didn't suggest training for a chili cook-off instead of something else. However, the actual meaning is sarcastic and implies that the person is doing something very difficult or challenging.","questions":"Which event is being referred to in a sarcastic manner?","answer":"running"}
{"text":["Does either party see political damage in permitting a shutdown?","Nobody wants a shutdown. I do believe that's true, although I do think that on this issue - more than a lot of issues - that passions are really high because it's not just talking about fiscal policy or some other thing. We're talking about human lives. And human lives are at stake, and families are at stake. So it's not going to be an easy puzzle to solve.","NPR's congressional correspondent Susan Davis, thanks so much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The issue being discussed involves human lives and families, making it emotionally charged and difficult to solve.","questions":"How does the issue being discussed in the dialogue make people feel?","answer":"True"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me.","Let's begin with the top line of the report. We certainly know retail is suffering. We see stores all over America closing. Midtown Manhattan is having problems with retail space. We assume it's online shopping and delivery. But how many job losses do you fix specifically to the role of private equity?","Well, we found that over the last decade, 1. 3 million people lost their jobs at retailers that had been acquired by Wall Street private equity firms and hedge funds. During that same 10-year period, the retail sector had actually added an additional 1 million jobs. So what we find is that in key areas, Wall Street firms are destabilizing retailers. Toys R Us is a good example. Toys R Us was highly profitable when it filed for bankruptcy. Their private equity owners had loaded the company with debt and did not really invest in necessary technology upgrades to support e-commerce and to make it viable.","Well, let's peel back a phrase like Toys R Us was highly profitable when it filed for bankruptcy. That wouldn't seem to fit in the same sentence. But how do you explain that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : peel back means look at the many different contributing factors","questions":"How does PersonB suggest examining the reasons behind a statement?","answer":"Examine"}
{"text":["It's perfect.","Yeah, bubbly jock. And an owl is a hoolet. And that, again, is based on the sound that it makes. And - but my favorite is a wood pigeon, is a cushie-doo.","That is an absolutely dead-on approximation of its sound.","Isn't it lovely?So a frog is a puddock and sparrow is a speug. So I've never used speug in a sentence, but when I was a boy, we used puddock. So I don't go around trying to convince everybody that my culture's better than theirs, but sometimes it suits my face better. It sits nicely in my mouth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : suits refers to make proper or fit in and not a set of clothes to be worn","questions":"How does \"suits\" refer to in turn 3?","answer":"Fit"}
{"text":["Yes. In fact, he displays every symptom of chronic sleep deprivation as described by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine - difficulty processing information, paranoid tendencies, mood swings. The way he made statements that he actually had to retract, like banishing women who have abortion, shows that sleep deprivation is a slippery slope.","You tried to uphold an editorial policy early in the campaign about not covering Donald Trump as a political story but as an entertainment story. Then after, what, a couple - a few weeks or months, you found you couldn't do that.","Well, what happened is that we changed our policy the day that he proposed to ban 1. 6 billion Muslims from this country. The day he made this completely un-American pronouncement, we believe that covering him as a clear and present danger was legitimate.","How many times have you been doing interviews for this book and somebody has pretended to fall asleep on you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the question \"How many times have you been doing interviews for this book and somebody has pretended to fall asleep on you?\" is not asking about literal instances where someone has actually fallen asleep during an interview. Instead, it is likely implying that the interviews may have been boring or uninteresting for the interviewee, and therefore they may have appeared to be falling asleep as a way to show disinterest or disapproval.","questions":"How is the question in turn 3 related to the topic of the dialogue?","answer":"Related"}
{"text":["Well, like you were saying, these 737 Max jets - they had an automated system, and it was designed to keep the planes safe, to keep them in the air and avoid stalls, but it malfunctioned. And as many people know, that sent the planes into a nosedive, and two of them crashed, and 346 people were killed. There's, of course, been a lot of scrutiny, ongoing investigations, concerns that the Federal Aviation Administration maybe handed off too much responsibility to Boeing itself without doing proper government oversight.","This report doesn't deal with all of that, and the crash specifically. What this is is interesting. It's a small group of Boeing board members who've themselves been digging into this and looking for ways to improve safety at the company. And they're about to come out with recommendations about how this company could reshape itself in the wake of these devastating crashes.","What can you tell us about what these recommendations - what this report will say?","Well, there's a lot of stuff, but one big thing would be that - to change who the engineers who work on these airplanes actually work on them. Currently, they - many of them report to the business leader for each airplane model that this engineer or that engineer might happen to be working on."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : NONE","questions":"What is one proposed change mentioned in the report for improving safety at Boeing?","answer":"Engineers."}
{"text":["What did you really face when it came to dealing with your colleagues?","The majority of the Secret Service agents were very acceptable of me coming in to the White House detail. There were only a few who were dead-set against any integration policies or equal-opportunity policies that were being enforced by President Kennedy, giving equal opportunity to all people, regardless of race, religion, color or ethnic background.","And I think that President Kennedy was serious, and he was doing these things not for a political purpose, but because he felt it in his heart that America could be a much better place if we didn't have all of these divisions and restrictions on people of ethnic backgrounds and minorities.","So now I foresaw that the weaknesses in the protection on President Kennedy would allow his assassination if any serious attempt would be made against his life, and I did everything in my power to stem that threat against our young president.","What threats did you hear against the president's life and when?","We had many threats. It was just like a thunderstorm of threats during the early part of 1963, going in to November. As a matter of fact, in Miami, Florida, we were told at a record meeting here in Chicago that a tape-recording had been made of some Cubans who were discussing how they were going to assassinate the president."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I did everything in my power to stem that threat against our young president\" - The actual meaning of this turn is not the literal meaning of \"stemming a threat\", which would involve stopping or slowing down the source of the threat like a river or tide. Here, it means that the speaker took actions to prevent harm to President Kennedy.","questions":"How did the speaker take action to prevent harm to President Kennedy?","answer":"Prevent"}
{"text":["But the technical. . .","Let me just jump in. When you say GDP, that's the Gross Domestic Product?","Exactly. So when you see growth going down, you see yourself in a recession. And it's, you know, it's Standard English, frankly. It's not rocket science, but the fact is that the macro numbers, Farai, belie what the micro reality is for so many people.","We've been seeing lay off numbers for over two years. We've seen a 5. 2 percent unemployment rate. All of those things combine to speak to, at least, economic hard times. But the technical definition of a recession is that you have two quarters of GDP going down. Now let's look at the next quarter because right now we don't have that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : While the macroeconomic numbers don't indicate a recession, many people are experiencing economic hardship.","questions":"What is the definition of a recession according to the technical definition?","answer":"Two"}
{"text":["So this will help the basketball players and then also the track events. But the good thing is obviously with these developments - the wheelchairs (unintelligible) through the people, you know, everyday people that use wheelchairs, and it will mean it's more lightweight for them to lift, say, in and out of vehicles.","And some of this stuff then filters in back to the general public.","Yeah, I mean, and that's a great thing, you know, the flow sort of from elite to high street, as we refer to it, is great. So you start seeing that, for example, with push bikes. We see a lot of that now available, helmet design from bikes, you say that. Swimwear is another thing that we see a lot of technology flowing into the high street.","Let's talk about swimwear because there was a kind of swimwear that was used and is now banned, and something new is taking its place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Technological advancements from elite athletes eventually become available to the general public, such as with push bikes and swimwear.","questions":"What is an example of a product that has seen technological advancements flow from elite athletes to the general public?","answer":"Swimwear"}
{"text":["The Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi continues to oppose proceeding with impeachment, and there's no law that says she has to go forward if a majority of her caucus wants it. And something that you do hear in the nuance of these statements from members of the House is they're not putting a lot of pressure on the speaker. They're not vocally opposing her strategy, going after her. They're saying this is where they are personally, and, in fact, she's given them permission to do so. But they're not saying, you know, the leadership is wrong, and we've got to push this through. So there is some patience, I think, that allows the speaker to continue to move the process forward.","So she is still the engineer.","She is. I. . .","But not necessarily plotting the course. I told you this analogy would be hard to take.","(Laughter) Well, she has very firm control over the caucus of House Democrats. And, so far, they have deferred to her, even if they differ with her on where this train, as you put it, is likely to end up."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : House Democrats have been deferring to Pelosi's leadership despite some disagreement","questions":"What have House Democrats been doing despite some disagreement?","answer":"Deferring"}
{"text":["And so the lament is that it's not a beacon for environmentalism, it's not a beacon for greater labor standards or labor protections, but it's something else?","Yeah. I mean, it has turned into this dystopian vision of tech, where, you know, a few people prosper, and everyone else gets kind of poverty wages. Users of the service get pretty good service but kind of at the cost of all of these drivers getting very little from the service, getting very little equity. I think it is a betrayal of what Silicon Valley, you know, said that it stood for, which is creating new ideas that are good for the world at large, not just, you know, a few hundred people on the West Coast.","You know, many would herald Uber as a great American success story, a testament to what capitalism can create - right?- jobs for millions of people in the U. S.  and around the world. And its IPO will make a handful of people millionaires and even billionaires. Isn't that a good thing?","I mean, it's perhaps better than not having it, but I don't think it's fundamentally or sort of objectively a good thing. What would be better is if Uber was a smaller and less valuable company but that less value was sort of more equitably distributed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It would be better if the wealth created by Uber was distributed more equitably.","questions":"What is the ultimate goal for Uber's wealth distribution according to speaker A?","answer":"equitable"}
{"text":["And so the - now we know as a result, I think, of Mueller's diligence and quiet pursuit of just the facts that there were more than 80 contacts between members of the Trump campaign and Russian agents. There were - there have been - developed more than 20 meetings between people in his orbit and Russian agents. His national security advisers pled guilty. His campaign chairman's on trial. His deputy campaign chairman's on trial. And yet he continues to call this a witch hunt. And, you know, I can't help but thinking that the hunters have caught some witches here.","And for you being a target of this investigation, what else are you waiting to find out from the investigation?","Well, I'd like to see the - you know, obviously, this is going to be a difficult case to bring to trial in the United States. These are 12 foreign agents, military intelligence agents who undertook this operation as laid out in great detail in the indictment. I'd like to see it brought to justice. I can't wait for President Trump to ask President Putin on Monday whether he'd agree to extradite them to face the bar of justice. And I'd like to be in the court if they were here. I'm not holding my breath either for the fact that Trump will do that or that Putin would agree. But, ultimately, you know, I don't think those agents would probably be vacationing in Western Europe, so. . .","John Podesta, thank you very much for joining us. He - John Podesta's the former chairman of Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign. Thanks much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"I can't wait for President Trump to ask President Putin on Monday whether he'd agree to extradite them to face the bar of justice.\" (The phrase \"face the bar of justice\" is being used figuratively to mean face a trial or legal proceedings.)","questions":"How did the speaker describe the legal proceedings the foreign agents should face?","answer":"Justice"}
{"text":["Yeah, so in the final bend, Maximum Security drifted wide into another horse's lane. That caused a domino effect, disrupting the progress of three other horses. Country House's jockey, Flavien Prat, was the one who filed the objection after the race. So three stewards, which are basically, like, referees, reviewed the footage and interviewed the affected jockeys. Eventually, steward Barbara Borden gave a brief statement saying that they unanimously decided to disqualify Maximum Security, then walked away without taking any questions.","Wow, it sounds like a political conference. All right. Has anything like this ever happened before?","So one other horse was stripped of his title after the fact. That was because he essentially failed a drug test back in 1968. But no, this - this was a first. And the outcome of this year's Derby was just so unpredictable. The original horse couldn't even compete. And the second favorite, Maximum Security, lost even though he crossed the finish line first.","All right, so give us the story with Country House briefly. His trainer is named Bill Mott. Did you hear from him?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It was not dominoes but horses that began to fall in the race.","questions":"How did the disruption affect the progress of three other horses?","answer":"Disrupting"}
{"text":["The final thing is this. How has both - how have both the culture and the appearance of Harlem changed with this new money and these new properties, newly priced properties?","Well, the culture is even more vibrant, because we have people that have moved in who have the money to contribute to the children's art carnival or the Dance Theater of Harlem or the Harlem School of the Arts. I mean, it's not just myself, it's brokers, other people who have moved in are writing large checks to these organizations, like the Studio Museum in Harlem. They weren't thriving before. Some of the organizations didn't exist before. The culture is only going to continue to be as great as it is and continue.","What you notice, though, is the complexion of the people walking down the street. In the bad old days when I moved up to Harlem, if I wanted to go shopping, you had to get on the subway and go to 42nd Street. Now I just walk down to 125th Street, and everything I want is there. And while I'm walking down the street, I see people from around the world. We get tourists from around the world, in addition to the non-African-Americans who are now residents of Harlem. So the face of Harlem is changing, but the culture is not going anywhere. The non-blacks who moved to Harlem moved there because they want the nightlife that we can offer.","Willie, thank you so much for being with us today and sharing your points of view."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Harlem is now more diverse, attracting non-African Americans.","questions":"What is changing in Harlem's demographic?","answer":"complexion"}
{"text":["It doesn't want to concede to American pressure because it fears that if it concedes under pressure, that's going to project weakness and invite even more pressure. And so for that reason, you've seen, rather than Iran capitulating or compromising, they've begun escalating. But I think the endgame for both sides is - there's really no alternative to coming back to the negotiating table.","And there has been a string of headlines from the region involving Iran in recent weeks. This incident with the British tanker, of course, comes right after the U. S.  says it brought down an Iranian drone. Of course, Iran disputes that version of events. How connected are these events?","They're all interconnected. And essentially, the Trump administration's policy toward Iran has been to subject Iran to significant economic pressure and sanctions in the hopes that either Iran will come to the negotiating table and capitulate over its nuclear program or - I think there's some folks in the Trump administration, like national security adviser John Bolton, who would like to see the implosion of the Iranian regime.","And what Iran has done in response - Iran's supreme leader has been ruling for 30 years, and he's become pretty adept at these escalatory cycles. And he's adept at waving both the white flag of diplomacy and the black flag of radicalism and escalation. So on one hand, he sent his chief diplomat - Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif - he was recently in New York City, and he met with a lot of Western journalists. And he was talking about Iran wanting to pursue dialogue and diplomacy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is no actual table, just the hope that Iran will negotiate with them.","questions":"What is the endgame for both sides?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["And no problems for their ears?","Well, there sometimes are problems for their ears. I mean, whenever you hear a kid screaming their brains out behind you or in front of you on a plane, probably that kid is having air pressure problems. And what happens is that, if they can't pop their ears very well - that is, popping your ears is equalizing the pressure in the middle ear with that in the atmosphere around you, which we mostly do by making those funny little motions with our jaw and swallowing and things like that - little kids often don't know how to do that.","What can happen is that, as the pressure in the plane drops, the pressure in the middle ear remains at sea level, and so the ear drum gets stretched. And ear drums don't like to get stretched. Sometimes they get stretched badly enough so that they can even tear, although that's really quite rare. One of the things that it does lead to is terrible pain sometimes for kids. I always recommend that parents give kids something to drink and sometimes just sort of chewing on a candy increases saliva, so that you swallow, and it allows pressure to equalize.","OK, so for kids who are not healthy, what about them?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker uses the phrase \"screaming their brains out\" to describe a child who is crying loudly. This is an idiomatic expression that means the child is crying very loudly and vigorously.","questions":"Which phrase is used to describe a child crying loudly in turn (2)?","answer":"Loudly"}
{"text":["What is - let's start with this. What is your personal collection to the work and the images in this book?","Well, to me this was a labor of love. I've been living in the U. S. I came back to England. It's my homeland. I came back to London, my home city, and I felt that the culture of the young black people in particular here were suffering from a kind of deficit, historically speaking.","There were younger people in my neighborhood who were bereft of history, who took their idea of themselves from watching their kind of generic hip-hop video material that they got from the video screen rather than really inquiring into the particular history and experience of our communities in this country.","As I looked at the book, I was trying to find a theme, and I don't know if I found one or not. What was, in your view, the major trends or themes that you saw unfolding over the century that are depicted in these photographs?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning in turn (3) is that the author saw a lack of knowledge among young people in their community about their own cultural history and wanted to address this deficit by creating a book with images and information about that history.","questions":"Which deficit was the author trying to address through the book?","answer":"Knowledge"}
{"text":["Hurricane Dorian is pounding the Carolinas. Parts of downtown Charleston are already flooded. It has weakened since it hit the Bahamas as a Category 5 storm. At least 20 people are confirmed dead there, and that number is expected to rise as recovery efforts are just beginning. Parts of the Abaco Islands in the Bahamas are destroyed.","Alex Cepero stayed in the Abacos town of Marsh Harbour, thinking he could ride out the storm with his two dogs, but Hurricane Dorian destroyed his home while he was still inside of it. And I want to warn listeners that this is a wrenching story. Alex, thank you for talking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","You're welcome.","First of all, are you OK?Were you injured or hurt during the storm?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The impact of Hurricane Dorian resulted in extensive damage and loss of life.","questions":"What was the storm's category when it hit the Bahamas?","answer":"Category5"}
{"text":["They are illiterate. We don't have an education system. We don't have a civic education campaign. And so, there's just like a perfect storm of just so many things that makes Haiti so hard to govern. And I think for outsiders, it's very hard for people to understand why it seems to be in a perpetual state of chaos and crisis. But, you know. . .","So, where's the hope?I mean, you know, you must have hope, some flicker of it?","I do have hope. The hope, I think, is that, you know - the hope comes from people like myself. We have 1. 5 million Haitians living outside of Haiti, and a million of them are in the U. S. , the rest are in Canada and France. And, you know, we love the country. We care about what happens there. We are pushing for better policy.","You know, there are a couple of people in Congress who are very good friends of Haiti. Kendrick Meek, for instance, in the U. S.  House, he's from Florida, and before that, his mother was also a congresswoman. So, you know, the Black Caucus is involved."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : outsiders implies people who aren't a family or organization member and not people who stands outdoors ","questions":"How does turn 0 define the term \"outsiders\"?","answer":"People"}
{"text":["Well, it's not as if Senator Gregg didn't know that President Obama is a Democrat and this is a democratic administration.","So, I mean, what was it that changed his mind all of a sudden?","Well, that's an excellent point. I would just add to what you said in - you know, in a very direct fashion, that he clearly knew about the stimulus package. He had recused himself from voting in the Senate as a potential nominee for a commerce secretary position. I think that what really changed it for him had a lot to do with the census issue, Madeleine. And this is the case here that the census is run by the commerce secretary. It comes under his mandate.","And what you heard from black and Latino elected officials in the Congress was great concern that Judd Gregg, who had once voted to eliminate the Commerce Department, said, you know what?We're concerned that he is not going to be open to doing the kind of count that we think is necessary to get a full estimate of the presence of minorities in this country, which of course will influence congressional districts and how they're drawn, influence funding for - especially for social programs. And the argument has long come from minority communities that they have been undercounted."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Senator Gregg should have behaved as if aware that Obama and administration are Democrats","questions":"How did black and Latino elected officials in Congress feel about Judd Gregg's stance on the census issue?","answer":"Concern"}
{"text":["It's good to be here, Tony.","You know, you've been getting pretty hot under the collar about this issue, I understand. Why is it such a concern for you?","It's a concern for me because it's a misunderstanding that a lot of ex-convicts have. If you have a felony it has been in the past that often states do restrict or disenfranchise those who have a felony conviction. Those laws have changed over the years, and now in most states it's no longer the case, or there are means by which you can get your civil rights back. But a lot of people - a lot of ex-convicts or felons that I knew that ended up in my court system simply rested on the false notion that they did not have the ability to vote. And that ended and that kept them from further embracing or engaging in the community, and kept them separate, and apart, and not where they needed to be.","Is it a situation where an ex-felon is allowed - is entitled to have his or her voting rights restored, but the process by which those voting rights are restored is so cumbersome that they either don't know about it or they don't go through it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The ex-convicts need to take an active role in the community and become more involved in order to get their civil rights back.","questions":"Which community members need to become more involved to get their civil rights back?","answer":"Ex-convicts"}
{"text":[". . . Does her story intersect with KBR Halliburton's?","I mean, you know, there was a group of human rights lawyers here in the United States who heard about this case, who read my work more than a decade ago. And three very idealistic young human rights lawyers, one of them had been a Peace Corps volunteer in Nepal. And, you know, they took up this case. This was really the dawn of the era of modern-day slavery and international human trafficking. And the U. S.  government had fueled it with our own tax dollars.","What were these human rights lawyers trying to prove against KBR?","Well, they were trying to prove their culpability. First, they just needed to prove that these men were in KBR supply chain in order to get U. S.  government compensation for them, which took two years. And the key witness, you know, they needed the families. They represented the families, then, in a human trafficking civil action that they brought, hoping to end this practice in the U. S.  military and also hoping to get some justice for the - for Kamala and the other victims."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The lawyers took up the case against KBR to end human trafficking and get justice for the victims, not only for U.S. government compensation.","questions":"How did the lawyers aim to bring an end to human trafficking and get justice for the victims in the case against KBR?","answer":"b"}
{"text":["So, you know, I like to dance, and I danced with several young ladies. And I said, your partner?I don't even know who your partner was. That's when it started. He just hauled off and hit me. And you know me. I swung back on him, and that was it. So it was a several gangs that were in the city at that time, and us being new, moving in from the county, it was just, you know, one of those territorial challenging things and because Vance was there, he's 18 months younger than me. We hung out together.","That's why we talked about it at family gatherings because we scrapped among each other because of closeness of age and being boys. But when it came to somebody bothering one of us, the other one had its back. So later on we learned that the guy I hit had his jaw wired, so it won us a lot of respect. We were going to Clifton Junior High School then, and one of the girls that had invited us, her father was an undertaker. He had a small place to march his funeral.","Very well respected.","Very well respected, yeah. They had a little rural house at that time on North Avenue. But we fought that day, and we were wearing little barracuda coats, that little trench coat that were something at that time. Like, I remember just being surrounded by guys, and you know, this is the way you want to be. My back was against the door. They pulled Vance out by his coat, and I just remember, you know, yelling to him, don't go down."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 1- The speaker got into a fight because someone hit him after he danced with someone else's partner. It was a territorial dispute between gangs. It was also a way to gain respect. 4- The speaker was surrounded by guys and warned his friend not to give up.","questions":"Which girl's father was an undertaker?","answer":"Clifton"}
{"text":["It's very important to me. But also I had to try and understand how somebody so remarkable would think of herself and how would people see her. And what I realized, as a result of my research, was that there was this entire tradition of women warriors in France at that time - quite celebrated - and they had fought. They had worn men's clothes and they were celebrated, like Joan of Arc had been many years before, and perhaps that was the tradition that she fitted into.","It did occur to me reading the novel - and you want to be careful with this sort of thing - but if Julie a'Aubigny had been alive now, someone would've said, well, there's a support group you ought to join.","(Laughter) Oh, look, I think if she arrived now, we would still be amazed. She would still be larger than life. She's like an Olympic gold medalist combined with Lady Gaga. She's that remarkable. And she would probably still be a star today. There's not really anybody like her now.","And like a lot of great stars we could mention, she didn't last a long a course, did she?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Her life was a representation of the celebrated tradition of women warriors in France at that time.","questions":"What was the tradition Julie d'Aubigny fitted into?","answer":"Women"}
{"text":["Well, so what I got really interested in was that when the coat showed up, it showed up in a black plastic package from China Post. So I thought I was buying a coat from some brand that represented itself as kind of this modern gentleman. You know, I was expecting it to have its headquarters, you know, in New York or San Francisco or Los Angeles or something. And this thing is shipped direct from a technology park in China.","So I kind of started thinking like, well, what is this brand?And I started diving into this new class of online retailer that use a tool called Shopify, which allows anyone to kind of spin up a retail store in five minutes; sucks products in from a service called AliExpress, which is sort of like Amazon but in China, and it's dedicated to kind of the export market for Chinese and other Asian manufacturers; and allows - basically - consumers in the U. S.  to take a different route into this manufacturing ecosystem, which makes so many clothes, which makes so many consumer goods, in Asia.","When you ordered this coat, were you genuinely surprised to be able to trace this stuff back, or was that the whole idea?","Well, no. I was genuinely surprised. I was literally - I had been tagged in the Facebook advertising system, which Instagram also uses, as someone who likes to buy clothes. And what I came to find was that this is a pretty widespread phenomenon."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn that has an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (2). The speaker is not talking about physically diving into something, but rather delving into the topic of a new class of online retailer that uses Shopify and AliExpress. The implied meaning is that the speaker has started researching and investigating this topic in depth","questions":"Which turn has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["My pleasure.","And we will get to civilization being in danger, I assure you. But first question - you just heard our interview with our Justice Department correspondent. Is it a good or bad decision not to release the Democratic memo?","I think it's a mistake. I've read the memo. And, again, our entire society is based on, you know, counterpoints. You think this. I think that. And the Socratic process is that the truth falls out as you go through that back and forth. I think it's a mistake not to release.","I have to tell you, you're one of the first public officials I've heard quote the Socratic process. I will mark that - which raises the question that you raise, why does this budget deal put civilization in danger?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The interviewer is surprised by the guest's knowledge of the Socratic process and is implying that the guest's opinion is reliable.","questions":"How did the interviewer react to the guest's knowledge of the Socratic process?","answer":"impressed"}
{"text":["If you like animals, you should check out this video.","And they have all these animals that are - they're flying. They're on - they have them on treadmills. They have - they try to get them off the cabinets inside the lab.","Yeah. I mean, you know, of course, if you're going to get a guinea fowl on the treadmill, it's not that like the guinea fowl is, like, yeah, I'm really looking for a workout. Thank you.","It doesn't necessarily want to be on there, although they do seem sort of OK with it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Yeah. I mean, you know, of course, if you're going to get a guinea fowl on the treadmill, it's not that like the guinea fowl is, like, yeah, I'm really looking for a workout. Thank you.\" The literal meaning of this turn is that the guinea fowl is not interested in working out on the treadmill. However, the actual meaning is that guinea fowls are not natural runners and would not run on treadmills in the wild.","questions":"How would you describe the behavior of guinea fowls on treadmills?","answer":"Not-interested"}
{"text":["Well, there's a big argument in the United States about this. There's one group of folks who think that engagement policy failed. We engaged with China from 1979 until about 2013 when Xi Jinping came into power. And the idea of engagement was that coevolution was in the American interest as well as in China's interest. And you could bring China along to be a responsible player to some degree.","Many hardliners in the United States government - and outside and including in the expert community - now claim that engagement was a sucker's game and that we have raised up a tiger which could now devour us. But there are different schools of thought about this, and many of us think that we still need to engage with China, albeit more strategically.","That image of raising a tiger that will devour us is very dramatic. Is that what we're talking about here?I mean, like, one or the other will triumph?","I don't think so. I'm actually borrowing from a Chinese phrase - (speaking Chinese) - you don't want to raise up a baby tiger because it grows up. But again, there are people like Steve Bannon and the Committee for the Present Danger: China, which now claim that China is an existential threat to the United States. And they're also claiming that the United States cannot coexist with the Chinese Communist Party, despite the fact that we've been doing so at least since 1949."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There are some groups who see China as a threat, but not everyone agrees with this assessment.","questions":"Which phrase does PersonA borrow from the Chinese language to describe the danger of raising a baby tiger?","answer":"Baby"}
{"text":["Of course. First of all, we created a group of specialized prosecutor and specialized law enforcement agencies, so we try to look at this unique phenomenon as a criminal network behind this. For this reason, we - first of all, we interview immediately the migrants when they arrive here in Palermo, in Sicily, Lampedusa and many of the towns that we are competent on - to get the material that we can use for the follow-up to our investigation - telephone numbers, identification, social network account - everything that we can use later.","And we build a trip, the route with the statements of the survivors of these terrible tragedies. But also, we had the corroboration of what we heard during our investigation directly from the traffickers operating in Africa - in Libya and Sudan - and also in Italy and in northern Europe.","Mr.  Ferrara, compared to La Cosa Nostra, are the smugglers well-organized?Are they - are they rich?","We are talking about a very structured criminal group. We are not talking about people that just put people in a boat and send them here. But we are talking really about criminal groups, very, very structured and very, very organized."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  implies that the investigators used information from the traffickers to further investigate the route of the people who survived the tragedies.","questions":"How did the investigators corroborate the information they received from the survivors?","answer":"Traffickers"}
{"text":["Now, I understand South Dakota doesn't have an income tax. So is that why collecting sales tax is particularly important to your state?","That's right. The sales tax is about 63 percent of our state's general budget. So that's what we used to help on education and other important functions of government. We chose to use the sales tax rather than a state income tax.","So the better business has been for online retailers. The worst news, that's been for your state's budget.","That's exactly right. I mean, the United States Supreme Court has estimated that this is costing South Dakota between $48 and $58 million every year, which is a significant hit to our budget."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Sales tax is crucial to South Dakota's budget due to lack of income tax","questions":"How does South Dakota fund its education and other important functions of government?","answer":"Sales"}
{"text":["And Border Patrol agents are making a lot of trips to the hospital with sick children up and down the Southwest border - nearly 70 kids a day since December, they say. But immigration officials say it's just hard to keep up with the sheer numbers here. It's putting a huge strain on resources, and they're asking Congress for billions of additional dollars to deal with it.","In the meantime, what more have you learned in your reporting about the death of Carlos Hernandez Vasquez?","Well, a couple of things. One thing that really stands out is that Carlos Hernandez Vasquez died in a Border Patrol station. The previous migrant children who died were taken to the hospital first; Hernandez Vasquez was not even though immigration authorities clearly knew that he was sick. He was diagnosed with the flu by a nurse practitioner.","On the same day, Customs and Border Protection moved him to a different Border Patrol station where they could separate him from the other migrants to stop the spread of the flu. Even Health and Human Services officials were concerned about how ill he was. This is the agency that's responsible for long-term care of unaccompanied children. And HHS decided that Hernandez Vasquez could not be flown to a shelter in Florida because of his illness. So in retrospect, critics say it's hard to see why they did not take him to the hospital."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There was a failure to provide appropriate medical care for Carlos Hernandez Vasquez.","questions":"What was Carlos Hernandez Vasquez diagnosed with?","answer":"Flu"}
{"text":["How quickly would we see a border closing impact the U. S.  auto industry?","Well, really, we would start to see manufacturing facilities impacted almost immediately. Most of the industry follows a just-in-time inventory strategy, which means that the parts that are needed for the vehicle are shipped to the plant as they are needed and on a continual basis. They don't maintain inventory levels at the assembly plant. So we would see a number of factories start to shut down almost immediately because they wouldn't have inventory available to keep going.","Is it possible for you to paint a picture of this for us using a specific car part, for example?","You know, there's a couple interesting ones. One, wire harnesses - these are the wires that are - that go into a vehicle. There's probably miles of these copper wires in a vehicle, very labor-intensive to put these wire harnesses together. The vast majority are made in Mexico that are used in U. S.  manufacturing. And so that's something that would be very important for a vehicle because it goes on early in the process."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The U.S. auto industry heavily relies on just-in-time inventory strategy and factories would shut down quickly if the border is closed.","questions":"Which manufacturing strategy do most U.S. auto industry factories follow?","answer":"Just-in-time"}
{"text":["Basically, they give you a lot of freedom. They don't get in your way. The editors encourage in-depth investigative work. They like to hold public officials accountable. They're also willing to go to bat if you need legal help, if you're trying to get records or things like that.","So would you advise young reporters to do what you have done and stick with a local news organization for a decent amount of time?","Yeah. I think at least a year. Sometimes two years is a good point to kind of reconsider your options. We thought that we were just going to be here for a year, but this paper has a history of crusading investigative reporting, strong local journalism. Our late publisher Ned Chilton coined this phrase called sustained outrage, and that's sort of hammering away at an injustice until it's righted.","People who can manage to stay mad for a long time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Ned Chilton coined this phrase called 'sustained outrage', which means to keep pushing for justice until it is achieved.","questions":"Which phrase did Ned Chilton coin?","answer":"sustainedoutrage"}
{"text":["And after a couple of interviews, she got a job there making about the same salary she received at the bank.","Theresa advises everyone looking for work to, as she puts it, network backwards, reach out to former employers. You might get lucky.","Now, here's a guy after my own heart, Mike Parcialli(ph) of Portland, Oregon. He started a cheap, roundtrip shuttle service taking people from the city up to Mt. Hood for a day of skiing.","Now, listeners. Here's what Madeleine likes about this. Mike runs his shuttle van on waste vegetable oil."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : She means to get in touch with people you have known before. The guy is a person that she can like.","questions":"Which van?","answer":"Mike"}
{"text":["No (laughter).","It tastes like the best parts of the sotol have just been elevated.","All right. I can get into that.","I don't know. I'm just making stuff up. It's really yum."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning: The food\/drink is delicious. Implied meaning: The speaker is indicating that they are uncertain about the accuracy of their statement. However, the use of the phrase \"I'm just making stuff up\" implies that the speaker may be exaggerating or not entirely serious about their comment. Despite that, they still express that the food\/drink is very tasty by saying \"it's really yum.\"","questions":"Which phrase implies uncertainty about the accuracy of the statement but still expresses the delicious taste of the food\/drink?","answer":"I'm-just-making-stuff-up"}
{"text":["I don't think it's new that they're supporting Assad at all. I mean, they have been pretty consistent from the beginning of the uprising, initially peaceful protest against the regime. And then as it descended into civil war, Russia has all along provided weapons, provided support, political and diplomatic efforts to shield Assad's government from action, for example, at the United Nations where Russia has a veto. I think what's new now is that they're looking at the situation in Syria as becoming more and more dire.","But you know, there's a difference between U. N.  vetoes and supplying - and military supplies and actually putting your own combat personnel or potential combat personnel on the ground.","I think that they're looking at the situation and understanding that right now there's a real danger that Assad's government can fall. And if that happens, what will replace that and how do you prepare for that when you're invested as heavily as they have been?Again, this is not new support. They've always had the naval base there. They've always had advisers on the ground. I've heard a lot over the summer about the increasing Russian concern about the imminent fall of Assad.","Well, the U. S.  had - at least as far as we can judge - had considered the potential fall of Bashar al-Assad to be good news and something that could lead to a better situation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker is implying that the U.S. is not necessarily looking forward to the fall of Assad, but rather is trying to prepare for it.","questions":"What is the U.S.'s stance on the potential fall of Bashar al-Assad according to turn 3?","answer":"Prepare"}
{"text":["And you know, we still have, you know, we have horse farms. We have a couple of dairy farms left. In fact there's one dairy farm, the Ferris Acres Creamery, which people come from miles around it to have their ice cream. It's - they make it there. And you know, and we have hunters. And we have a couple of game, you know, hunting preserves around town. We still are in touch with that part of our tradition.","And does everybody's kids - do everybody's kids go to that particular elementary school?","No. We have, I believe, four elementary schools that feed into an intermediate school. So we have the Sandy Hook Elementary School. We have Hawley School, Middle Gate School, and the Head O'Meadow School. And my children went to the Head O'Meadow School, where I actually was in the graduating class when it first - when we first built that building in 1977. I still remember, I think, we buried some \"Star Wars\" paraphernalia in the front yard.","A time capsule."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The burying of Star Wars paraphernalia was a way of preserving their memories for future generations.","questions":"Which movie franchise was the Star Wars paraphernalia related to?","answer":"Star"}
{"text":["And when you have spoken out publicly about it, you got a lot of backlash, very ugly stuff. Why do you think that hockey fans are so protective of this aspect back to the game when it seems like we should all be able to agree that if we can just be - keep players healthier and keep their brains safer, that should be a good thing?","Yeah. I think it's just - I think it's a resistance to change. That's really what it comes down to. But yeah, when I - I tweeted out about this in response to Don Cherry, who's a big pro-fighting guy here in Canada. And I got a lot of vitriol. It was ugly. I mean, it ranged from respectful disagreement to homophobia, sexism, misogyny. And that was kind of when I realized this truly is a cultural stigma, a cultural touchpoint and powder keg issue that needs to be investigated and discussed further.","The larger important issue here is the health of players. And the NFL and football have really dominated the conversation when it comes to concussions and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, this this brain neurological illness. But hockey has this issue as well. Can you talk a bit about how injuries in hockey are factoring into this?","Yeah. I mean, I would argue that the NHL is probably lagging behind most of the other contact sports leagues as far as addressing this issue. There was a class-action lawsuit settled last year. But the players only got - who were involved - only got about $20,000 each and some promises for future medical testing and medical treatment.","Much less than the NFL football players got."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They got a lot of people complaining about what they spoke about.","questions":"Which response did PersonA give to Don Cherry that resulted in a lot of vitriol and backlash?","answer":"Tweet"}
{"text":["Absolutely. They used to end up there in the French Riviera and big mansions in Europe. Now they tend to also end up in Europe but not in big mansions but in the criminal court - in The Hague.","And has that had the effect of making it more difficult sometimes to get rid of certain people?","Absolutely. They are - they don't trust now any promises that they will not be prosecuted or taken in front of a judge. And also, you know, the standards of human rights internationally have changed. And there is a very active community - globally - that chases after dictators and people that have violated human rights and have committed the crimes against humanity, which is the case for many of them.","Now, isn't the logic of that - the humanitarian logic of that - that knowing they might have to face criminal charges will discourage dictators from striking out at their own people?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It is being implied that the criminals are having a difficult time.","questions":"How are the criminals feeling?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["But I'm sure that there's something else that you want to share with us. You have your poems about California, poems about the blues.","I've got one. The once called \"Who I Am in Twilight. \"And it's a poem that is actually emblazoned on the sidewalk. And it's set in stone, as it were, on something called \"Poetry Walk\" in Berkeley, California. They put down on sidewalk, Addison Street, about a hundred poets', I think, work. So it's fun to go over there and see how posterity works, because always somebody has dropped some pizza on it, mashed out a cigarette on it, or something like that.","So don't live for posterity, live for now. But here it is. \"Who I am in Twilight. \"","Like John Lee Hooker, like Lightnin' Hopkins, like the blues himself. The Trickster Sonnet, hoedown, the tango, the cante jondo. Like blessed spirituals and ragas, custom-made. Like sagas. Like stories. Like slick, slow, sly, soliloquies sliding into dramas. Like crime and punishment. Like death and birth. Canal Street, New Orleans. Like the easy, erasable, troubled voices a whirling ceiling fan makes in deep summer nights in hot, un-heavenly hotels. Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee. Like the Mississippi River so deep and wide, you couldn't get a letter to the other side. Like Grand Canyon. Like Yosemite National Park. Like beans and cornbread. Like rest and recreation. Like love and like. I know we last. I know our bleeding stops."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker identifies with various forms of art and culture, and has a deep appreciation for life and love.","questions":"What is the name of the poem that is emblazoned on the sidewalk in Berkeley?","answer":"Who"}
{"text":["North Korea is on the verge of a nuclear breakout. It has an arsenal estimated in the mid-teens. It's been assiduously testing ballistic missiles. It does have reach. It could target America's regional allies. The real inflection point here is that by 2020, they could have a hundred nuclear weapons instead of the mid-teens with long-range ballistic missiles that could reach the U. S.  homeland, which would make it a game-changer for the United States.","Well, how?","Well, it would allow them to directly target the United States. And that's a level of vulnerability we've never had from a state like North Korea. I mean, when I got into this business, I couldn't have conceived of a state like North Korea, essentially a failed state, having a nuclear arsenal approaching half the size of Great Britain's.","We're left with, really, three bad options - one - you know - bomb, negotiate or acquiesce. And the military option is so prohibitively costly it could lead to a catastrophic second Korean War. And when we can't - when we won't negotiate, we end up in that third box of acquiescing to the development of North Korean capabilities. And I believe there's a moment - a conjunction of factors that call for a pivot to serious diplomacy.","Well, what would that serious diplomacy look like?I mean, I - the United States would have to - what?- accept a. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: This turn's use of humor or sarcasm may indicate a deeper subtext or intention, highlighting the potential for indirect communication to convey complex messages.","questions":"What type of communication may indicate a deeper subtext or intention in turn 2?","answer":"Humor"}
{"text":["Captain, thanks for coming on the program.","You're welcome. Thank you for having me.","So as I understand, you began your transition in 2016. And I know a lot of this policy and whether it applies depends on where someone is in that process. Does this policy apply to you?","Well, so any policy that the DOD implements is going to apply to me as a member of the DOD. I think, specifically, I'll be part of the so-called grandfather clause here and be, quote-unquote, \"OK\" as we move forward. And so maybe not in the specific sense, but I think it applies in general that any time you put a policy in place that affects a specific group of people, i. e. transgender people in this case, it's going to affect me, whether directly or because of the implications and the intention behind it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a particular tone or emphasis suggests that they may be implying something indirectly, without stating it explicitly.","questions":"Which word does the speaker use to describe their situation under the policy?","answer":"Grandfather"}
{"text":["Yes.","What's your view of the impact of this money arms race on American democracy?","Well, nowadays, people don't - not several million dollars, but several hundred million dollars. And the Supreme Court's ruling on Citizens United is one of the stupid and most counterproductive decisions that the Supreme Court of the United States has ever made. And I think it has basically taken away a lot of the Democrat ideals of elections in the United States that we've enjoyed down through the previous generations. So I think it's completely distorted the democratic purity or legitimacy of our elections in the United States.","Legitimacy - that's strong words."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"money arms race\" implies that the competitive spending of large amounts of money in political campaigns, particularly by wealthy individuals and corporations may have negative consequences for American democracy.","questions":"Which term implies that wealthy individuals and corporations spend large amounts of money in political campaigns?","answer":"Moneyarmsrace"}
{"text":["In diapers, exactly. But the London police haven't quite given the final say-so on that yet. But, you know, there will be a lot of protests. That may upset the president. It's controversial, but the government insists, and the diplomats insist, that he's a vital part of nurturing a special relationship, which they insist is very good for the U. K.","Because he's not only going, he's getting literally the royal treatment.","Yeah. I mean, this is as good as it gets if you're a head of state coming to the U. K. It is bells and whistles. It's pomp and circumstance. It's a banquet at Buckingham Palace, although that seems to be being boycotted by Meghan Markle, the Duchess of Sussex, also by Jeremy Corbyn, the leader of the - of Her Majesty's Opposition, and Vince Cable, the leader of the Liberal Democrats.","But I don't think that's going to take the gloss off it too much for Donald Trump. He's someone who has made it very clear this is what he wants, and we're expecting him to look like he's lapping it up."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Royal treatment means that he is being treated very kindly.","questions":"What treatment is Donald Trump receiving in the UK?","answer":"Royal"}
{"text":["Well, speaking of that, sir, you're the only Democrat to support President Trump's nominee for CIA director, Gina Haspel. Republican SEnator McCain won't support her. Why does she have your vote?","Gina Haspel has my vote. I sat on in intelligence, so I've been privileged as one of a hundred senators - there's only 15 of us to get to see the deep dive, if you will, into the intelligence. That gives me the comfort level I have. Forget about being a Democrat or a Republican. Here's a woman of impeccable career with the United States government, working in some of the most dangerous places in the world. She's done everything asked about. She didn't break any laws. No one said she's broken a law. They're asking her on her moral values. After 9\/11, this was the rules of engagement of what they were doing for intelligence gathering. I have not found a reason for me not to vote for the most qualified person I've ever seen come before us in that agency. She was - she was not in charge. And everyone makes it look like she made these decisions. They were not her decisions to make.","Senator Joe Manchin of West Virginia, thank you so much for speaking with us.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He worked on the intelligence committee and learned a great deal of things that most people don't know about the world.","questions":"How was PersonA able to gain a high level of comfort?","answer":"Comfort"}
{"text":["Well, responses have ranged from one person who said Biden was a great pick to another who said Obama made a terrible decision. But it's interesting, Joe Biden was the top choice of our unscientific online poll. We asked who Obama should pick as his VP, and 40 percent of all respondents chose him. So despite how people feel about Biden, I think a lot of people assumed that Obama would pick him. And Hillary Clinton interestingly was the second choice.","Really?As we get close - well, not closer to the convention, we are at the convention now - have you noticed an increase in the online traffic?Because I know people have really been paying attention. But now that we're here, are they really into it?","They are really into it. And everyone has an opinion. And everyone wants to make their opinion known. And that's just what they're doing.","Now, what are some of the things that we're going to be looking forward to, that our bloggers can look forward to on our website this week as part of our convention coverage?","Well, through npr. org, we have complete convention schedule so people know when to set their TiVos. We also have profiles of all the key Democratic players and we're also going to pose photo feeds from the convention floor. This morning, Michelle Obama was getting ready to make her speech and she was testing out the mics. And so we have some photos of that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is a lot of opinion-sharing happening during the convention.","questions":"Which activity is prevalent during the convention?","answer":"Opinion-sharing"}
{"text":["What is your guideline?When do you tell an officer he or she has to start recording?","NOPD policy requires them to record the entire encounter until any police action has ceased. So what we're finding out though sometimes the cameras aren't on. Sometimes they aren't wearing the cameras. And those are clear violations, but then there were also supervisors telling officers things like turn it off during, you know, sensitive matters, but not defining what a sensitive matter could be.","We're also hearing complaints that only parts of interactions are being recorded. That's one of the things we're hearing now. So the misconduct is occurring off-camera, but then they're recording, you know, perfectly professional encounters on camera. So that's one of the things we're also hearing now. And. . .","That's a big complaint and, of course, you wouldn't have any - ironically or incongruously - you wouldn't have a video record of that misconduct, but you would have a video record of them doing it right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they may have information or opinions that they are hesitant to share openly.","questions":"How is the speaker expressing their reluctance to share their information or opinions?","answer":"Indirectly"}
{"text":["We tried for about two and half years. And I had this fear that with every step we took, we would learn something that it would confirm my fear that I couldn't have a baby.","She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF.","Tell me about that moment when you first saw your daughter Hazel for the first time. I mean, how did that feel?","Oh, my gosh. It was - it was incredible. I mean, first of all, I was in labor for 24 hours."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"We tried for about two and a half years. And I had this fear that with every step we took, we would learn something that would confirm my fear that I couldn't have a baby.\"  Implicated meaning: The speaker struggled with infertility and was afraid that each step in their journey towards having a baby would confirm their fear that they were unable to conceive.","questions":"How long did the speaker experience infertility?","answer":"years"}
{"text":["Well, we'll have to wait and see. The purpose, obviously, is to send a signal that those members of the armed forces that choose to work with the opposition, if they are under sanctions, will have those sanctions lifted. And those who might be facing sanctions would not face them if they chose to work with the opposition. We're going to have to wait and see how that's received.","How important is the support that this government has received from Cuba, and Russia and maybe other countries, as well?","It's important. On the Cuban side, some of the support has been exaggerated in terms of numbers. But without a doubt, the support they provide in the area of counterintelligence has been critical to. . .","They send intelligence agents to help work the streets of Caracas, or wherever."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Cuban intelligence agents work in the streets of Caracas","questions":"How do Cuban agents contribute to the government's support in Venezuela?","answer":"Counterintelligence"}
{"text":["Oh wow, so that's what is actually creating that plaque?","Right, so if you can knock out its activity without - of course that's the other question is, what's the downside of it?These are the things we don't know and will take years of testing. But that would be a truly extraordinary way of being able to prevent heart disease.","But you know what?It's never going to be that you have to - that you can't take care of yourself, and you rely on a vaccine or take a medicine. There's always going to be, you know, some interplay between these things.","Thank you, Dr.  Topol, for joining us today."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The statement implies that vaccine and medicine goes together in prevent heart disease.","questions":"Which prevention method is mentioned as going together in the dialogue?","answer":"Interplay."}
{"text":["Yes.","What is it like coming and finding a place in New York's theater world?Because it can be very tough to even get a little purchase in it, but it sounds like you have found a place with your off-Broadway version of the play that's very comfortable and fulfilling.","Well, it is definitely - yeah, I have to admit, I wish I could sit here and say I knew it was going to happen this way. I was nervous waiting for that New York Times review to come out. You know what that's like. You know, it was like, OK, you know, am I going to get the theater gods' blessing?Because New York it is what it is; it's the Big Apple. It's the biggest theater market in the world. If you can make it, here you can make it anywhere.","So, this feels really good to have, you know, not just the approval from the critics, but just be able to, you know - I shake everyone's hand who buys the ticket every time I perform my show. I stand at the door as people leave the theater; I shake their hand and look them in the eyes and say thank you. So, I really feel like just because the reviews are great, I still know that it's reaching people, and that's what's important to me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The approval of the audience is more important than the reviews.","questions":"Which is more important to the speaker, critics or audience?","answer":"audience"}
{"text":["As the biggest impact there?","From the tech sector in today's economy?","Yes.","Yeah, just job loss. It's been a major - I mean, specifically, you're looking at places that are - manufacturing is taking a hit. Companies are looking to do more with less. You are seeing just in recent news, other technology companies like HP and others are making some type of adjustments to - not only their work force but also to their strategies, in a good way though."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The tech sector has had a negative impact on the economy","questions":"How has the tech sector affected the economy?","answer":"Job"}
{"text":["And one alternative for officials looking to monitor nonviolent offenders as they await trial are electronic monitoring devices - ankle bracelets. But according to a report in The New York Times, ankle monitors are often provided by private companies that can charge large fees for their services. In fact, defendants are often left to foot the bill - up to $10 a day. If they don't pay up or miss payments, they may end up behind bars anyway.","We wanted to talk about this, so we've called Blake Strode, executive director of ArchCity Defenders. They're one of the civil rights groups that brought a class-action lawsuit against the city of St.  Louis, which led to this week's cash bail changes. Blake Strode, welcome. Thanks so much for talking to us.","Thank you. Thanks for having me.","So, first, would you just tell us the two big changes that the Missouri Supreme Court ruling is supposed to bring about?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are lot literally bracelets, which are a form of jewellery, they are just known as such ","questions":"What are ankle monitors often mistaken as?","answer":"Jewellery"}
{"text":["And a very talented sister who I think is quite equal to the task of containing Schwarzenegger.","Well, here is my question to you. You talked about the state controller, who - you are very correct - said that he would defy the governor's order and not roll back those salaries. But can he do that?Can he get away with defying the governor in this way?","Well, he has his own constitutional authority, and I think that this may be a case that goes to the California Supreme Court. I mean, if he chooses - now, the challenge will be this. If he chooses not to issue checks on Schwarzenegger's executive order, can checks be issued at all?And that's a constitutional question. I don't know the answer to it. But you have these two key state officials clashing, both of them elected by the people of California. And I fully expect that there will be a compromise before the 1st of September, Tony. Again, I think that the governor is posturing. The governor has always been a fiscal conservative. He is not pleased with the way the budget negotiations are going. So he is making a point.","And he is making it, apparently, on the backs of some of the state workers, it appears."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This implies that the female candidate is capable of competing with Schwarzenegger in some sort of political race or contest.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of the statement made by person PersonA in turn 0?","answer":"Capable"}
{"text":["Well, I just hope that we can make it through. I don't know. We don't know what is in store - you know, the future has for us because we've already - when they cut the shifts back, we've already lost a lot of our business from over there. Now, there's going to be nobody, and we just don't know where it's going to go from there.","And this is a family business, I understand.","Yes, it is. Yes, it's me and my sisters. My father works here. My son's a grill cook. And, you know, we're not a big chain, so we're just really wondering what's going to happen. We're trying really hard to hang in there, but it's pretty scary.","And you say that you've had this business for 15 years."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : hang in there means they are trying to keep their business functioning properly.","questions":"Which phrase describes the business situation of PersonA and his family?","answer":"Hang"}
{"text":["And how much of the war do you see?","I see a lot of the war. It's everywhere. It's just - it feels like we are back on time where hundred years back where we worry about every single thing. For example, I wake up in the morning and you worry, will I have electricity?These days, it's very cold. We cannot have heaters. Hospitals cannot operate because the shortage of fuel. And then when you go to the supermarkets, the prices have either doubled or tripled. A family that lives near to my parents, a neighbor of theirs, actually lost their child because they simply didn't have a single thing to feed them - no water, no clean water, no food. So it's really, really crazy to believe that you're in the 2018.","Yeah. What happens when you go to the market?What's for sale there?How much does it cost?","I'll just give you a quick example - eggs actually. In the past, we used to buy five eggs with 100 riyals but now just over the past couple of months, you buy one egg with 100 riyal. So it's becoming very hard. People will just lock themselves in their houses. And others who are trying to find a solution, they go out in the streets asking for help, but the rest are just dying inside their houses quietly. Sometimes they boil water and just put some spices on top of it and consider it a meal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 'the war' is not a tangible single entity that can be seen in one place - they mean they see evidence of it everywhere ","questions":"Which word describes the war as something that cannot be seen in one place?","answer":"Tangible"}
{"text":["And he was saying how we, you know, you here have been so fortunate. You've got to help. We need you. And then he pauses, and he says, for example, there's a young man sitting in this church today, my friends in New York, whom I respect. They tell me that this young man, his brain has been touched by God. But this young man told me something about himself, and I had the chance to meet him. His father was a chauffer and a gardener. His mother was a maid and a cook. And I said, oh, lord. I started, like, trying to hide in my seat. But he started really telling the story that was classic of many professionals. If somebody went and work for them, either their parents or grandparents that made it possible for them to have an education.","And then, he paused again. He said, you know, but he has forgotten from where he came. And I thought for a moment \u2014 because a - like a video of my mother, particularly when my father came up, and I started to cry. I mean, these tears came down. So I said this service is over. I didn't say a word, I just walked over and talked with my hand and I said, Dr.  King, when do you want me to leave?","Mm-hmm. And then you went onto work on what is Reverend King's most famous or certainly most quoted speech, the \"I Have a Dream\" speech. Now, today you can hear that speech used in a lot of different contexts. It's, in some ways, become background music for Black History Month, you know?","Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"his brain has been touched by God\" - This turn has a figurative meaning and is not meant to be taken literally. It is a common expression used to describe someone who is exceptionally intelligent or talented.","questions":"Which expression is used to describe someone who is exceptionally intelligent or talented?","answer":"Touched"}
{"text":["Kenneth, generally this song is called the Negro national anthem or the black national anthem. Finally, we turn to Anise Benerman(ph) in Durham, North Carolina, who wrote in about the segment called \"Ready to get married but can't find a mate. \"She said it hit close to home.","I'm one of those early 30s never married, no kids, African-American females. I make decent money but I am by no means well off. I've had brothers tell me they can't do anything for me after finding out where I reside and what I drive. Besides economics, appearance and what's pleasing to the eye has a lot to do with marriage statistics in our community. I've been told that I was cute for a dark girl, but they prefer redbones. They like longer hair, thinner thighs and all sorts of superficial nonsense. I think a lot of brothers have taken on the European standards of beauty.","And that's it for letters. Thank you for writing, and please keep yours coming.","To write to us, just log on to npr. org and click on Contact Us. When you get there, you'll see lots of shows to choose from. Make sure you pick News & Notes when you write to us."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Appearance and superficial standards are prioritized over personality and character in African-American community","questions":"Which standards are prioritized in African-American community?","answer":"European"}
{"text":["He used to love football because at the end of the year, we left him a gift. And it was a T-shirt, a real T-shirt of the Euro 2016 of France with his name behind the T-shirt and the number 41 on the top because we were 41 students in his class.","Heda says that she and her classmates have been talking and sharing thoughts with each other on Facebook and remembering their teacher.","I will never forget him, and he was the best ever teacher I ever had before. And I am so powerless with all this and I really want to be thankful for everything he did for us, for the class and also for me.","That's Laurence Heda, a student of Michael Pellegrini, who was killed, along with his mother and his grandparents in the Nice attack."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Heda and her classmates have been connecting and sharing memories of their teacher on Facebook.","questions":"Which social media platform did Heda and her classmates use to connect and share memories of their teacher?","answer":"Facebook"}
{"text":["And we actually have a link to how to take the test up on our website at sciencefriday. com. People can try it out for themselves. What other things can you measure with this test besides bias in that way?","It's been very useful in measuring gender stereotypes. For example, it shows that there are strong stereotypes that associate male with science, female with arts, and we found that this is correlated with different countries. The strength of this implicit stereotype, is what we call it, predicts male-female differences in performance on standardized tests that are administered every few years.","There's a gender career stereotype that associates women with family, men with careers, and you'd think that this is something that men would show, but women would reject. Actually, the implicit association test shows that women have this stereotype, this implicit stereotype, even a little more strongly than men. And we found in research, others have found in research, that this stereotype is associated with women experiencing difficulty in the workplace.","It's sort of a force inside their head that gives them a source of conflict or a feeling of discomfort in career situations.","Speaking of inside your head, can you tell anything about people's mental health from the test?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There is a strong gender stereotype associating males with science and females with arts that affects performance on standardized tests.","questions":"How does the implicit association test measure the performance on standardized tests?","answer":"Stereotypes"}
{"text":["Well - and I think I'll compete by getting out there, by talking to folks like I always do. I think I've also done more on sort of the original sin of where we are in a post-Citizens United world, getting rid of dark money and the outside influences of dollars. When laws are literally written now to make donors happy, we've got a problem.","We do know that voters are very concerned about health care. We certainly saw that in the midterm elections. And you recently expanded Medicaid in your state - something that you've just mentioned.","We got it reauthorized, yeah.","But you haven't publicly supported single-payer health care. That seems to be a very popular position in the Democratic Party now, along with the Green New Deal. What is your position on single-payer and the Green New Deal?","You bet. You bet. First, starting, like, everyone should have access to health care. And it should be affordable. And that is what I've been working on in Montana, both through Medicaid expansion, through high-risk pools, through other things. And I think that you can get to universal accessibility and affordability in a way that isn't necessarily Medicare for all because you'd be disrupting - I don't know - 155 million people that have employer-sponsored health care. You do it by having a public option, no Medicare buy-in. It's about time when we can negotiate prescription drug prices with the biggest payer, which is Medicare. But it's that corrupting dollars that keep us out of that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"You do it by having a public option, no Medicare buy-in.\" - The phrase \"you do it\" here means \"the solution is to,\" and does not refer to a physical act of doing something.","questions":"What does the phrase \"you do it\" in turn 4 refer to?","answer":"Solution"}
{"text":["Well, I have to tell you, since September 11th, 2001, I haven't had a vacation. And I don't know about rest and relaxation, you know?My rest and relaxation is prayer, just trying to keep afloat, so that things don't get any worse. So, you know, I'm doing everything I can to not be stressed out about the economic situation.","Cathy Walker is a doctor living in Ardmore, Pennsylvania. Thank you, Cathy.","Thank you.","If you'd like to be a part of our real economy project, let us know. You can find us at npr. org\/daydreaming."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B abruptly changes the topic to introduce a doctor living in Pennsylvania","questions":"Which state does the doctor mentioned by PersonB live in?","answer":"Pennsylvania"}
{"text":["Thank you very much.","What is the mission of this March for Science?","I think the profession of science is under attack. And why is that happening?Because we've really ceded the floor. We haven't engaged in politics. We've left that open for politicians to come in and really hijack and obfuscate science for their own selfish needs.","When you say that science is under attack, to what degree should we read this march as a protest against Trump administration policies?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : When the speaker references the Trump administration policies, they are implying that the policies may not be informed by scientific evidence or research, and that the march is a protest against that.","questions":"How is the march for science related to the Trump administration?","answer":"Protest"}
{"text":["Well, some of their problems - they're doing very badly in the polls - is due to the personality of the Democratic Party leader, Matteo Renzi. He has a very sharp Tuscan wit, which, to non-Tuscans, makes him sound like an obnoxious smart aleck. And he's deeply disliked within his own party. Several members of the leftist old guard accused Renzi of being too centrist. They broke away, and that strongly weakened the party.","Under the party leadership, Italy's economy came out of a very devastating recession. And it has grown in the last five years, not as fast as its European partners. But it's done much better. And the party also passed a landmark civil rights legislation with a civil unions law for same-sex couples, despite the strong influence of the Catholic Church in politics. But, you know, the party's push for structural reforms was strongly resisted by both the right and the left. Italians are essentially conservative. They don't like change. But the populists are really pushing a vision of the past. And they're strongly skeptical of the European Union. And if they came to power, that could further destabilize the EU at a time when the bloc is already dealing with Britain's exit and growing authoritarianism in member states like Poland and Hungary.","Sylvia, thanks very much.","Thank you, Renee."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Populists' vision of the past could destabilize the EU","questions":"How could the EU be destabilized?","answer":"Populists"}
{"text":["A Russian activist has shared a secret video clip that shows two of the Pussy Riot members who were arrested being interrogated. A furious policeman shouts, sometimes I regret that it's not 1937 - the time called the Great Terror in Russia under Josef Stalin, in which a million or more people were executed.","Pussy Riot knows the score. They live and strive in a country where activists, dissidents, artists and reporters can suffer for their bravery, and they went ahead with their action anyway, just below Vladimir Putin's cold smile. Pussy Riot are champions.","(Singing) Big smile for the camera. It's always on. It's all in the protocol. They tapped my phone. Golden idols holding rivals. Take my body, anybody. I'm your trophy. Make my nose bleed. Now you own me. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could die. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could cry. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could cry. Everybody's doing the same thing, and it makes me happy, yeah. It makes me happy, yeah. Oh, my God.","Pussy Riot."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The policeman is expressing a desire to execute the Pussy Riot members, as he regrets not being able to do so in a time when millions were executed under Stalin's regime.","questions":"What does the policeman regret?","answer":"Execute"}
{"text":["It was like a brick carriage house. Inside, there was just one room on the first floor and one room on the second floor, so it was an intimate house for a non-intimate family.","Her deep craving for intimacy would lead her to music. And it turns out the things Ani DiFranco wanted to say were exactly what a generation of women coming of age in the '90s wanted to hear.","(Singing) Squint your eyes and look closer. I'm not between you and your ambition. I am a poster girl with no poster. I am 32 flavors and then some.","Ani DiFranco talks about those early years in her new memoir. It's called \"No Walls And The Recurring Dream. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The house was small for the family living in it, despite having multiple floors.","questions":"How would you describe the size of the house?","answer":"Small"}
{"text":["It would basically just restore a tax on stock compensation income in our city. And this is a tax that actually existed prior to 2012, when we started granting tax breaks to grow the tech sector in our city. And the revenue would be used to address the growing inequality crisis in our city, to expand affordable housing for working-class and middle-class residents, to support and stabilize our small businesses here in the city that are struggling and haven't benefited from the same tax breaks.","And just to be clear, you've written this proposal so that this tax would apply to IPOs that have already recently happened, like Lyft and Pinterest. And we should note that your proposal still needs to be passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, and then it would go directly to the voters on the ballot in November.","Exactly. I mean, it's still - there's still going to be a lot of public process and debate about this.","OK.  Now, one of your colleagues on the board of supervisors told the San Francisco Chronicle that it's, quote, \"arrogant\" to think that tech companies won't leave the city if they are taxed more aggressively. Are you worried about that risk, that your tax proposal might drive some tech companies out of San Francisco?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"address the growing inequality crisis\" - Literal meaning: to deal with the issue of inequality that is becoming more severe. Actual meaning: to take measures to reduce the gap between the rich and poor and provide support for those who are struggling.","questions":"Which issue would the revenue from the proposed tax be used to address?","answer":"Inequality"}
{"text":[". . . About 30 seconds left.","OK.","Do you think the administration perceives ISIS as a greater threat than the Assad regime in Syria and is making that choice in so many words?","Scott, that's the problem. The Iraq strategy is clear, but the Syria strategy is a muttle (ph) because there's a desire to the defeat ISIL. And we've had some success with the Kurds in the north, but there hasn't been a clear strategy vis-a-vis Assad. These are two problems that are connected, and you can't have a strategy that's just about one. We're hoping for a, you know, a strong outcome to these discussions in Geneva, the restart of a peace discussion about Syria. But we've been pursuing a strategy in Syria that's kind of a half strategy without having a strategy on Assad and the refugee crisis and so many other (unintelligible) for that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) implies that the US is trying to reach a political solution to the conflict in Syria, but without a strategy to deal with Assad and the refugee crisis.","questions":"How is the US strategy in Syria described in turn 3?","answer":"half"}
{"text":["Really, the link is, you know, if you strip away the neuroses, maybe. You know what I'm saying?I spend all day being other people - literally transforming. You know, for a book to function, it's not - I can tell the difference between realities. But it has to be a functioning reality. The character has to be real. And I imagine that's exactly what happens for a spy who was, you know, in deep cover.","I just think, yes, I wouldn't make it for a second if I had to do it in front of another person. So if you take the privacy of the room away, maybe that's the link. It's about inhabiting other realities in a convincing - beyond convincing. It has to be more than that. It has to be real for the person.","Nathan Englander, his book \"Dinner At The Center Of The Earth. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Oh, truly, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In turn 1, the speaker is implying that they have an understanding of what it is like to be a spy, as they spend their day transforming into other people, and they must make their character and reality believable.","questions":"What does the speaker have to make believable in order for their book to function?","answer":"Character"}
{"text":["Yeah. So yesterday afternoon about 2 p. m. , I had actually one of our local news reporters at our paper come into my office. And he said, Anne, you have to Google Michigan chalking tires and tell me what you think. So it was a quick conversation and a phone call to our police chief to say, how do we make sure that we're compliant with it?The DDA, like many throughout the state, monitors all the parking throughout the downtown. So we currently hire a parking ambassador to monitor those spaces and make sure that people either park correctly or aren't parking over time.","And she was using the chalk method, I understand.","So yeah. What she usually does is, when she marks a car in, she marks the tire with a piece of chalk. And then she also takes down the license plate number and the time that the car checked into that lot or parking space.","Your parking ambassador who writes the tickets is a staff of one. How does this ruling affect her?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"And she was using the chalk method, I understand\" and (3) \"So yeah. What she usually does is, when she marks a car in, she marks the tire with a piece of chalk\" are the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. In these turns, \"the chalk method\" and \"marks the tire with a piece of chalk\" are both idiomatic expressions that refer to the practice of using chalk to mark a parked car's tire for parking enforcement purposes.","questions":"Which practice is referred to by the idiomatic expression \"marks the tire with a piece of chalk\"?","answer":"Parking"}
{"text":["She always continues to say throughout is public sentiment is everything. And at the time of the - of President Clinton's impeachment, while what he did was reprehensible, he was impeached for political reasons. I don't think - Democrats do not believe that they're going down this road for political reasons. This is not about politics. This is strictly about the Constitution and the right of Congress to do its job for the American people.","Can I ask you about her ability to deal with strong personalities?I mean, she's very often been one of the few women in the room. She's small in stature, but clearly, she has an ability to hold her own with big personalities, loud personalities. And was just wondering, you know, where does that come from?How does she do it?","Everyone always tries to underestimate her, but they've learned their lesson. And what she brings is she brings power, real power, whether as the Democratic leader where Republicans needed Democratic votes to pass certain things, whether the speaker of the House. Being speaker of the House provides an enormous amount of power. And I think all these men across the past and currently now know it and understand it. And they should never underestimate her.","What do you think is Speaker Pelosi's major skill as speaker?What do you think is the secret to her success as speaker?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implying she is underestimated because she is a woman.","questions":"What is the reason for Speaker Pelosi being underestimated?","answer":"Gender"}
{"text":["So you'll get Canadian players who've changed planes in Jamaica?","Canadian and American players, the European players. As long as they've got family ties to Jamaica, they can gain citizenship. We'll build our team around those guys, and then start adding Jamaicans as they become better at the game.","It sounds like it's less that you're trying to put together a Jamaican national hockey team so much as you're trying to make hockey a sport in Jamaica.","Well, yeah. We want to make it - we want to give the kids and the people in that country other options. You know, I've got relatives down there now. And if you want to be educated in Jamaica, there's basically three ways - you can be wealthy and pay for school, you can have relatives who can help you by sending you money or you can be able to run really, really fast and get a scholarship. So hockey will be another opportunity, as well as other sports like soccer, basketball and other sports we can bring down there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 1):  B: So you'll get Canadian players who've changed planes in Jamaica?  The literal meaning of this turn is that B is asking whether Canadian players who have changed planes in Jamaica will be recruited for the Jamaican national hockey team. However, the implied meaning is that B is skeptical about the feasibility of recruiting Canadian players who have only briefly passed through Jamaica, as opposed to those with stronger ties to the country.","questions":"How does PersonA plan to build the Jamaican national hockey team? (Answer: Around players with family ties to Jamaica)","answer":"Family"}
{"text":["Housing is just one part of the economy in dire need of help. There's also the banks. Last week, the Treasury Department unveiled its approach to help troubled banks, and Wall Street didn't take so kindly to that plan. Joining us now to discuss what's ahead for the nation's banks is Nobel Prized-winning economist and Columbia University Professor Joseph Stiglitz. Welcome back to the program, and if you could start off by reminding us what this plan entails and what your thoughts are about it.","Well, part of the reason the market reacted so badly was it wasn't sure what it entailed. There were so many gaps that no one is very sure. When aspect of that was that they were going to use private hedge funds and others to buy off the assets from the banks. So they're going to lend money with a (unintelligible), lend money, presumably, to the hedge funds to buy the bad assets off the banks, but the hedge funds won't do this unless there are some reduction in risk, which means the taxpayers are going to wind up paying doubly.","One, you have to compensate the hedge funds for their money and for the risk, and then we wind up bearing the majority of the risk in any case.","And you basically called this a zero sum game?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the taxpayers are going to wind up paying doubly implies that the money given to the hedge funds to buy the bad assets wouldn't happen unless a reduction in risk occurred which is the taxpayers providing the funding through extra taxes.","questions":"How are taxpayers affected by the use of private hedge funds to buy off the assets from the banks?","answer":"Doubly"}
{"text":["Well, what we hear is a lot of relief, really, that this relentless countdown to all-embracing war, civilians may be averted. But, of course, people are still afraid because what is not off is this war on terror. There are a number of listed terror organizations in Idlib, formerly called Al-Nusra and other groups. And they will be hit with air raids. They will be moved out of this buffer zone that you just described. They will be fought. And hundreds of thousands of civilians can still end up in the crossfire.","How do you establish and enforce a nine-mile demilitarized zone?","Well, the idea of Russia and Turkey is now that Nusra and the other extremist groups will either voluntarily go from this zone, or they will be forced out by other groups and that Turkey and Russia have agreed that there will be an enforcement of this.","The possibility of a battle in Idlib is figured to be probably the last battle of the Syrian civil war that's been going on for a number of years now. Does this agreement avoid that battle or merely postpone it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite the relief of averted war, people are still afraid of the war on terror and the potential for civilian casualties.","questions":"How are people feeling despite the averted war?","answer":"afraid"}
{"text":["So there are always lines in invoices - in the case of remains excavations, taking care of the remains, maintaining them, transfer - all of these kind of things. It happens. It exists. In other hostage cases, you would see not necessarily - and I have to distinguish between hostages and political prisoners because Otto Warmbier was a political prisoner, not a hostage.","And the difference being that hostages are held generally by nongovernmental. . .","Correct.",". . . Entities. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Invoices for remains excavations and transfer exist and happen.","questions":"What kind of invoices are mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Remains"}
{"text":["There are plenty of great public colleges like UCLA. They used to be much cheaper than equally strong private colleges. But now the price of many public colleges is rising fast, and that leaves some high school students with little or no choice for higher education, including African-American students. So what options do you have if you want to get an education but don't want to run up years' worth of student loans?We'll ask economist and author Dr.  Julianne Malveaux; she is the president of Bennett College. Hi, Dr.  Malveaux.","Hi Farai, how are you?","I'm great. Across the country, though, public and state universities are reporting anywhere from a 5 to 8 percent tuition increase for the upcoming year. Why is that?","Costs are rising. If you are running a college, you are looking at energy costs, you are looking at the same costs that the rest of the nation is looking at. And so people are raising tuitions to go along with that. Some of us are not. Bennett College's tuition has been stable for the last three years. We are not raising tuition this year. But many colleges are looking at the costs and saying, we've got to meet it. In addition, frankly, there have been years where colleges have not raised costs, and now people are trying to catch up. In some state universities, people have not seen raises in two or three years, they have seen pay freezes, and so now we are trying to catch up. Lots of people are trying to catch up."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The reason behind the increase in tuition fees for public and state universities is not because of the lack of money but because of the rising costs.","questions":"How are public and state universities justifying their tuition fee increases?","answer":"Costs"}
{"text":["Right.","Just a little.","You could put honey. . .","Yeah. Agave just. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"You could put honey...\" This turn could be interpreted as a suggestion to sweeten something with honey, but it could also be interpreted as a suggestion to improve or make something more appealing.","questions":"How could turn 2 be interpreted?","answer":"Interpreted"}
{"text":["I mean, it's pretty scary at the time. It was very intimidating. It just seems like it was completely mental, an attack on a small business for a problem that it's not responsible for.","Well, what do you think of the problem?Because we read that protesters were chanting we want genuinely affordable housing and we want community. I realize it might be hard to keep that separate from the people that smeared stuff on your windows, but how do you feel about that?","I mean, I think that there is problems. There's problems of poverty in the area, and there's bad sides to gentrification, but there's also really great sides to gentrification. What we have done is we have moved into this area - the protests and gentrification in this area. If you wanted to protest gentrification in this area, you probably should've started about 15-20 years ago.","Have you ever had any conversations with any of your critics, your attackers, do you think?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"bad sides to gentrification\" and \"great sides to gentrification\" are figurative expressions that describe positive and negative aspects of the process of gentrification.","questions":"Which expressions describe the positive and negative aspects of gentrification?","answer":"Physical"}
{"text":["I have many objections. I do want to say, I think whistleblowing is a very important function in democracy. The problem I'm seeing increasingly is that instead of careful curated whistleblowing that takes public interest into account, what we are seeing is these mass-hacked emails just being dumped without any consideration for the privacy of the people.","And there's a lot of personal information that is being exposed. What this does - and this is what scares me - is that this method is going to be used in the future to any political organization - dissident organizations - that are trying to challenge power. And what they're going to end up seeing is that their personal information is going to be dumped for the world.","It looks like the method that started as a way to bring more challenge to secretive elites is actually now evolving into a method that is going to be very destructive to the ecology of dissent.","Professor, I'm sure write dumb emails every day. But I was told a number of years ago by a lawyer - and I'll bet Hillary Clinton and Huma Abedin have been told this by high-price lawyers, too - you never write an email that you wouldn't be willing to see on the front page of The New York Times."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of the fourth turn is that one should be careful when writing emails so that they wouldn't be embarrassed if they were published. However, the implied meaning is that one should be careful when writing emails because they may be exposed and used against them.","questions":"What is the concern expressed by the professor about the method that whistleblowers are using?","answer":"Destructive"}
{"text":["Well, I think that Dr.  King was trying to reinforce the troops, so to speak, who were fighting in the trenches of racial warfare. To believe that the movement was bigger than any man or any woman, any individual that there was a collective will of the people being exercised through their individual talents, gifts and sensibilities. But that the movement couldn't be tromped, that his death would only strengthen the movement. That the death of any other figure would in no way diminish the greatness of the cause for which they were willing to die.","He was willing to die for his people. He struggled back and forth with that death and what it might mean. But he was signaling to the rest of them that, you know, he wasn't an egomaniac. He wasn't a guy who was trying to say I wanted to be the messiah, even though people had made him that way.","And then, thirdly, I think, what he was suggesting, Farai, is that the cause in which we are invested will, in many cases, cause people to suffer. And that we shouldn't lie to people about the nature of that suffering, but that suffering could ultimately be redemptive. Martin Luther King Jr.  after all was quite famous for telling black folk constantly that the black blood that would be shed could indeed redeem the nation.","Now, you bring up the term automortology, and you talk about the ways in which Dr.  King essentially gave his own eulogy, not just once but several times. Tell us why that was important to him."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"automortology\" - This turn is a term that is not commonly used in everyday language and requires a deeper understanding of its meaning in the context of Dr. King's speeches and actions. It refers to the idea that Dr. King gave his own eulogy by repeatedly emphasizing the importance of his cause and the sacrifices that he and others were making for it.","questions":"Which term is referred to as the idea that Dr. King gave his own eulogy?","answer":"Automortology"}
{"text":["You have to remember that this issue of sexual abuse has almost been, you know, an unspoken thing in British society. And really we don't have many tools for it. There are no public information campaigns, sex education is pretty poor, we don't have the tools available. We probably can't arrest our way out of this problem as one, you know, expert told me. We just have refused as a society to take it seriously, and we're surprised because when we look, we find.","Recognizing that there's a sanctified legal process that has to proceed, has anyone been disciplined for what sounds like pretty gross abuse and neglect?","No. And that is a big problem. The Council officials are saying there's not enough evidence or there's not a finger of blame being pointed at any individuals and no individual should resign - its collective. I mean, this is part of the problem of this process is that we don't actually have anybody taking the fall, taking the rap. And, you know, they've put themselves in positions where they're not liable to know the facts. The consequences of that just build up through the years. But you started off with 90 kids in this situation, you ended up with 1,400 kids being left to, you know, the worst kind of abuse.","Randeep Ramesh, who is social affairs editor for The Guardian newspaper. Thanks very much for speaking with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"We probably can't arrest our way out of this problem\" - This turn means that relying solely on the criminal justice system to solve the problem of sexual abuse is not enough. The literal meaning of the sentence would be that arresting people is not a viable solution.","questions":"Which issue does PersonA believe cannot be solved solely by arresting people?","answer":"Sexual"}
{"text":["What was fascinating was that, although most of them, in their 90s, don't want to have German citizenship back, they were saying that their children and grandchildren are also applying.","I try to be careful with questions that are premised on what someone who is gone would think. But I'm going to chance one in your case. If your parents were here, what do you think they'd make of your decision?","I've been thinking about that a great deal. And my mother only went back to Germany once, and she only went back when my father said - my father was born in Britain - when my father said to her, Liesel, if you don't go to Germany now, I won't be alive, and I won't be able to come with you. And she went back. And she had an amazing time, and she saw her all old school friends. And what would she have felt?I think she'd have felt ambivalent, to be honest. My father would have just been completely relaxed about it, I think.","But it's been very interesting because my son feels very strongly that he wants German citizenship. My daughter's not at all sure. She can't see it, and she just says, you know, why would you want it, given the history?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies that the speaker's daughter has a negative view of Germany and its history, and thus does not understand why anyone would want German citizenship.","questions":"How does the PersonA's daughter feel about German citizenship?","answer":"unsure"}
{"text":["Now, Republican Sen.  Jeff Sessions suggested - I guess - that Mr.  Lew, because he wrote the White House budget, might essentially lack the proper perspective. Is this going to harm him politically?","Well, Jeff Sessions is going to vote against him. But significantly, Sessions has not said whether he would put a hold on Lew's nomination, or lead a filibuster. And I think most betting in Washington is that Lew will be confirmed. He will not face significant opposition. It seems that Sessions' main problem with him is that he represents President Obama's budget policies - as he should, because he's working for the president.","Yeah. Of course, there's been a lot more objections voiced over the selection of Chuck Hagel, President Obama's choice for Defense secretary; questions raised about his depth of his commitment to Israel, policies towards containing Iran. Let's get an understanding - your understanding, at the moment, of where the opposition for that rests.","Well, first, the opposition is, obviously, with Republicans. They consider him an apostate. They think Hagel was a turncoat. He once talked about how the Jewish lobby intimidates people in Washington. They feel he's been squishy on Iran sanctions. He's said the Pentagon budget was bloated. He also was a loner, when he was in the Senate, so he doesn't have a lot of deep friendships. He has been going on the offensive; giving a lot of interviews, trying to clarify his remarks, explaining how he is as strong on Israel and Iran as anybody else."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing disapproval or criticism towards the listener or a third party, but doing so indirectly or politely.","questions":"How does the speaker express disapproval towards the opposition's objections to Chuck Hagel's selection?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["So I'm saying - it's not - that's not the - relevant. I'm saying that - people say this, that your argument is driven by concerns about being majority minority. I'm saying that decision's already made. The question for us is how do we make a success of this?And on present policy, we are in real danger of not making a success of it.","Let me give you a very, very concrete point of where we're going. So the peak decade for illegal immigration was the 1990s. Of the 45 million or so foreign-born people in the United States, about 11 million are here illegally. And most of them are probably, right now, under 45, but very soon, they're going to be reaching 65. The majority of the illegal immigrant population has been here for more than a decade. They're not going home.","So when they turn 65, what happens to them?Do they get a pension?Do they get health care?Or do we write them off?Making Americans of them is going to be a huge challenge. Otherwise, we're going to have a lot of old, sick poor people living amongst us with no agreement as to what their status is.","David Frum - his recent piece is on the cover of the April edition of The Atlantic magazine. David, thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : To \"write something off\" means to ignore or otherwise pay no mind to the subject in question. It doesn't speak of actually writing. In this case, it means give no help to elderly illegals and leave them to fend for themselves without the benefits citizens would get.","questions":"Which phrase describes the treatment of elderly illegals?","answer":"Give-no-help"}
{"text":["The House passed the Republican health care bill this week that would repeal and replace large portions of President Obama's Affordable Care Act. The bill now goes to the Senate. It was a close vote in the House. Twenty Republicans and every single Democrat voted against the bill. We go now to one of the 217 members of Congress who voted for the American Health Care Act. Congressman Tom Reed is a Republican from the Finger Lakes District of New York. Mr.  Reed, thanks very much for being back with us.","Always a pleasure, Scott. Thanks for having me on.","I know you have three public meetings today, so thanks for making the time. You were undecided at one point. What decided it for you?","Well, we were supportive of the original bill, and then the amendments started to dribble out. And we wanted to make sure we read the text before we took an actual position on the bill. And once we read the text, I was very comfortable that this is a step in the right direction to take on the health care crisis in America."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: It's important to take a step back and reflect on our actions before making decisions.","questions":"What's the reason behind Congressman Reed's decision on the American Health Care Act?","answer":"Text"}
{"text":["Now lots of lawyers were lining up to lead the Justice Department. So why did the White House decide to go with Lynch?","First of all, she has a reputation for working well with others. She's very understated and under the radar. Another important factor for the White House I hear from sources is that she's diverse and historic. She'd be the first black woman on the job. She descends from a long line of Baptist preachers in the south. And she has a rich, rich voice and an ability to speak and communicate a message. She's also, Linda, quite noncontroversial.","So about that. What is the reaction from Republicans in the Senate?Can she be confirmed?It's kind of late in the term.","It is kind of late in the term. She's going to have a year and a half or two years to make her mark. Iowa Senator Chuck Grassley, a Republican who's in line to lead the Judiciary Committee next year, says Lynch is going to get a thorough vetting. And he's going to make sure that happens. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina, another Republican, sounded relatively positive, too, about this election. And finally, Linda, Mitch McConnell, who's going to run the Senate as majority leader starting in January, said he is willing to consider her nomination. He wants it to happen in 2015 instead of during this lame-duck session."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"She's very understated and under the radar.\" - The literal meaning is that Lynch is not attracting attention or publicity. The actual meaning is that Lynch works quietly and effectively without seeking attention.","questions":"Which characteristic of Lynch is emphasized by the statement?","answer":"Quiet"}
{"text":["Now, how does Ukraine come in?","It's very confusing, but let's see what I can do here. So on the Internet, things move really fast. It's like a huge game of telephone. So once this firm caught the attention of the far-right online, they discovered that it was owned by a Russian American man who had previously done some work for a think tank called the Atlantic Council. It's a D. C. -based think tank, sort of works alongside NATO. And it's a pretty innocuous place. It does research on misinformation and digital warfare, things like that.","And there's a Ukrainian oligarch who was on one of the advisory boards for the Atlantic Council. And it seems somewhere along the line, the Ukrainian oligarch became the owner of CrowdStrike. This is not true, of course. But when things are moving so fast online, facts start to combine together, and it becomes very confusing.","So the idea is people who are on the far-right, conspiracy theorists, went looking for a connection, went looking to say, who are these CrowdStrike guys?And once they do enough looking, they're able to find a Ukrainian oligarch who they say, aha, this is the connection. So what about this server that the president implied was somehow in Ukraine?I mean, he - on this call talked to Ukraine's leader and brought up CrowdStrike. What would he be looking for?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Information on the internet is passed from person to person quickly. The man did some work for an organization where people think of solutions to problems.","questions":"Which organization did the Russian American man previously work for?","answer":"Atlantic"}
{"text":["Yeah. I think many of us were. But now to North Korea, which is slightly less joyful, as I said. We're seeing, suddenly, a list of demands from the North before this summit takes place - a halting of military exercises between South Korea and the U. S. They want the return of North Korean female restaurant workers in South Korea who the North claims were kidnapped. It seems we're having to negotiate before the negotiations.","You know, this is part of an old pattern of behavior. You know, the North Korea problem is a wicked problem, a deeply impacted, entangled problem. It's frustrated at least two American presidents - President Clinton and President George W.  Bush. And that's for a reason. And the reason is that nuclear weapons have actually been North Korea's business. They've been in the business of developing nuclear weapons, threatening the world with them and then shaking down the world for different forms of aid for them to either, you know, supposedly give up or mute or, you know, diminish their nuclear stockpile. And so it's just so hard for anyone to imagine that, having behaved that way for so many years, now they're about to give them up.","So is President Trump being played?You know, what does the Trump administration want out of the summit on June 12?","Well, you know, part of my reaction to it is - you know, Kim Jong Un, 35 years old - Donald Trump, 71 years old - alone in a room, negotiating nuclear weapons. What could go wrong?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The problem is extremely hard and difficult to understand as well as constantly changing.","questions":"How would you describe the North Korea problem?","answer":"Wicked"}
{"text":["And Border Patrol agents are making a lot of trips to the hospital with sick children up and down the Southwest border - nearly 70 kids a day since December, they say. But immigration officials say it's just hard to keep up with the sheer numbers here. It's putting a huge strain on resources, and they're asking Congress for billions of additional dollars to deal with it.","In the meantime, what more have you learned in your reporting about the death of Carlos Hernandez Vasquez?","Well, a couple of things. One thing that really stands out is that Carlos Hernandez Vasquez died in a Border Patrol station. The previous migrant children who died were taken to the hospital first; Hernandez Vasquez was not even though immigration authorities clearly knew that he was sick. He was diagnosed with the flu by a nurse practitioner.","On the same day, Customs and Border Protection moved him to a different Border Patrol station where they could separate him from the other migrants to stop the spread of the flu. Even Health and Human Services officials were concerned about how ill he was. This is the agency that's responsible for long-term care of unaccompanied children. And HHS decided that Hernandez Vasquez could not be flown to a shelter in Florida because of his illness. So in retrospect, critics say it's hard to see why they did not take him to the hospital."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Carlos Hernandez Vasquez was not given proper medical attention.","questions":"How was Carlos Hernandez Vasquez's health condition when he was moved to a different Border Patrol station?","answer":"Ill"}
{"text":["They have. But I think that there was a difference. The Democrats, for example, voted in overwhelming numbers for the DREAM Act, which was blocked by the Republican Party. A bill was introduced for comprehensive immigration reform. The Democrats voted overwhelmingly for it. It was blocked by the Republicans.","When we say comprehensive immigration reform, what two or three things do you think constitute that?","Well, I think that we need a way for the 11 million people who are in this country to legalize a status and earn their way to citizenship. I think we need to come up with a system where the immigrants of the future can come to this country in a safe, legal and orderly manner, instead of having to walk through the desert and putting their lives in jeopardy.","When crossing the border illegally."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) Implies an acknowledgement of the dangerous risks taken when crossing the border illegally.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's statement about comprehensive immigration reform?","answer":"Safe"}
{"text":["It is fiction, but of course I was able to draw on my experience. I developed my expertise in the agency in nuclear counter-proliferation. And that's why that's the main theme of this first book, hopefully in a long series. But it's sort of ripped from the headlines.","Vanessa's asset is shot just after she disregards the signal to abort their meeting. Does she blame herself?","She does. There is definitely a sense that when you, as a CIA ops officer, when you are handling assets, they are delivering to you their trust and their well-being. And you feel very protective of them, even if they're not very nice people.","So, who do spies talk to when they have a bad day at the office?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"So, who do spies talk to when they have a bad day at the office?\"  The literal meaning of this sentence is asking who spies talk to when they're having a bad day at work. However, the implied meaning is that spies, like everyone else, have emotions and experience stress and difficulty in their jobs, but they have unique challenges in coping with those emotions due to the secretive and high-pressure nature of their work.","questions":"How does the high-pressure nature of a spy's job affect their emotional coping?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["Finally, Mike, the Super Bowl is usually one huge party. But given the current economy, do you think it'll be as big of a celebration?","Officially, they give figures that are absolutely impossible to check about how much the Super Bowl adds to the economy. $300 million is one of the official totals. But I've read different economists saying the impact on a local economy is very small. And I have informally talked to some limo drivers and talked to some people who work in hotels. And they said, you know, a year ago, if you told them the Super Bowl was going to be here, they would've thought they'd all be booked up by now. But you can still get a limo maybe on Friday and Saturday, maybe not Sunday going to the game.","So it does - and another indication is that there used to be two huge parties sponsored by Playboy and Maxim, and Playboy is not having its party. So that's the economic indicator of this Super Bowl, that Playboy is not having its party.","NPR's Mike Pesca in Tampa, Florida for this weekend's Super Bowl. Thanks Mike."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Playboy's lack of party isn't the key economic indicator, but just one indicator among many. 'A' is jokingly exaggerating its importance because he thinks it is amusing.","questions":"Which indicator is 'A' jokingly exaggerating the importance of?","answer":"Indicator"}
{"text":["Yes. Launch is tomorrow at 4:55 AM Cape Canaveral time, which is where the rocket launches from, or, say, 1:55 AM California time. I'll actually be here in California at SpaceX headquarters at mission control. And so we have launch control at Cape Canaveral, and we've got mission control here at headquarters in California. So for the first nine minutes or so, the rocket will be ascending and delivering the Dragon spacecraft to orbit. And then the Dragon spacecraft will separate from the rocket and then - and begin orbital phasing with the space station, which will take a few days.","Then we're going to do, essentially, a flyby at the space station. Now, something that's important to appreciate is that the space station is actually zooming around the Earth at 17,000 miles an hour. People sort of think it's just sort of up there and stationary, but it's zipping around the Earth at - it actually completes an orbit of the Earth every 19 minutes. So you can think of this like you're trying to synchronize speed with something that's going 12 times faster than a bullet from an assault rifle.","And we've got to match the space station. As the space station makes more movements in its orbit, we've got to track those movements exactly. So we'll do a wide loop around the space station, establish communication - a communication link with the space station, have our docking sensors lock on and then the spacecraft actually plots an approach vector and will go in and pause at various points before finally going into dock with the space station.","And what time into the mission will it actually dock?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The launch is a complex and difficult task that requires precise coordination between multiple sites.","questions":"How many sites require precise coordination for the launch?","answer":"Multiple"}
{"text":["Yes. In Los Angeles, we made a commitment a number of years ago to only purchase any new buses into our fleet that would operate on alternative fuels. And what we have today is the largest compressed natural gas bus fleet in the country. And that's doing a lot to help improve our air quality here.","What's the difference between compressed natural gas and regular gasoline in terms of, you know, how it affects the environment?","Well compressed natural gas is a much cleaner fuel.","You know, let's just take a look at Los Angeles' demographics. You have people from incredibly wealthy to incredibly poor. You have immigrants, native-born people who've come here from other parts of the U. S. , people, of course, who were born here. How do you think L. A. 's demographics affect the need for public transportation?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The city of Los Angeles has made a conscious effort to reduce air pollution by implementing alternative fuel sources for public transportation.","questions":"How has Los Angeles reduced air pollution?","answer":"years"}
{"text":["Well, I brought it back from that evening on the island of Roatan, and he processed it. He had to crunch the data. There was also data that had to come from Houston that had been collected by them, and all those had to be combined to make this map. And he was working till the wee hours of the morning making these maps. And then the Internet connection was down so he went to bed. His name is Michael Sartori, by the way. He was a really fascinating guy.","But then he uploaded those images in the morning to Houston and the - one of the directors of NCALM, this organization, the National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping, a guy named Bill Carter, was the first one to look at the images and he was in West Virginia. He was about to go out and buy a refrigerator or something, and this email came in with these images attached.","He looked at them, and he said, oh, my God. He was thunderstruck. He almost immediately saw in this valley pyramids, structures, buildings, plazas, terracing, roads. He saw this incredible amount of archaeological features that he recognized immediately even though he's not an archaeologist.","So not just a lost city, a lost civilization?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Bill Carter recognized the archaeological features immediately despite not being an archaeologist","questions":"How was Bill Carter able to recognize the archaeological features?","answer":"immediately"}
{"text":["Well, that's the thing. Three areas we've looked at - covering about 55 square miles of the jungle - target one, target two and target three. And the first one was target one, and we found these all these archeological features. They covered hundreds of acres, maybe even thousands of acres, and this is gigantic. And then they moved on to target two, and they marked that, and then they moved on to target three. And target three showed even more striking features.","And we've - an archaeologist has been looking at them and a guy named Chris Fisher, who is an archaeologist at the Colorado State University, who's an expert on LIDAR, and he tells us that there is a city in T3 that is comparable in area to the city of Copan. It's absolutely enormous. The track is two square - five square kilometers.","And if these valleys are so remote, how did these civilizations develop in this unforgiving area?","Well, that's the thing. We're only now starting to realize that this so-called virgin or impenetrable jungle in prehistoric times was anything but. It was very heavily settled. There were many thousands of people living in these areas, and it wasn't virgin jungle. It was more like a tended garden. They cleared huge areas for farming. They terraced. They built irrigation canals. They built roads. They built enormous pyramids and structures."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There is a city in T3 that is enormous and comparable in area to the city of Copan.","questions":"Which target area shows more striking features?","answer":"Target"}
{"text":["In the meantime, what does this mean for the elections in Afghanistan?","It certainly doesn't say anything good. The government, you know, keeps saying that it's planning to protect the polls, that it will protect the polls, that it's sending out - I think, 70,000 defense security personnel will be deployed across the country to protect the polls. But it's also said that it's going to have to shut down - almost a third of polling places that were used in previous elections will not be open because they don't feel they can protect them. So that's a pretty strong admission of the limited ability of defense forces. So this has been a violent season, and I don't think anybody expects it to become less so.","That's Pamela Constable of The Washington Post. She spoke to us from Kabul.","Thank you so much for sharing your reporting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation in Afghanistan is unstable and dangerous, and there are concerns about the security of the upcoming elections despite government assurances.","questions":"How would you describe the security situation in Afghanistan for the upcoming elections?","answer":"Violent"}
{"text":["(Reading) Dad, a devout fan of television shows like \"Gunsmoke\" and \"Bonanza,\" was disappointed when he discovered that cowboy hats were no longer in style. And he sadly stowed his first American purchase, a brown 10-gallon hat that he bought during a layover in Houston, in a suitcase and under his bed. Mom arrived in America expecting peace and love. She had fallen for the music of the Beatles and The Beach Boys as a high school student in Lagos while listening to the records that her businessman father brought back from his trips abroad. Though she had imagined a country where love conquered all, where black people and white people live together in peace and harmony, mom and dad arrived instead in a place where there were no other black people for miles around, a place dominated by a religion they never heard of before. But this was America, and they were in love.","(Reading) They moved into a small apartment in Ogden, Utah and started a family. I came first in 1981, and my brother followed in 1983. Dad attended his classes during the day while mom took care of us at home. Occasionally, she explored the city while pushing my brother and me along in a double stroller. Soon enough, we were all walking hand in hand.","The book is in many ways, though - I mean, it's set against this backdrop of this larger place where they're there, they fit in in some ways. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Mom and Dad's expectations for America were not met","questions":"Which emotions were not fulfilled by the American Dream?","answer":"Disappointment"}
{"text":["Right.","Of course, the financial deregulation issue, whether or not - how much financial industry should be regulated is a big issue, but also, in California, you had a whole look and a proposition that passed that was about this kind of issue, about how densely animals should be kept together. But you mentioned reproductive freedom. What is the regulation change on that?","Sure. Well, the proposed rule would sort of - it has an effect on recipients of federal money and on, particularly, state-run hospitals and other institutions of that nature, and it gives a great degree of discretion to the folks that work in those facilities. And if they have a moral objection to administering contraceptives or birth control and performing abortions, then they are sort of allowed to cite their moral objection to that and not perform that work.","An interesting development on that rule that the Washington Post reported on earlier this week is that three officials from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission have - that are actually appointed by President Bush have opposed that rule and have said that it would overturn civil rights law."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The rule would allow healthcare workers to refuse certain services based on moral beliefs","questions":"What kind of workers would the proposed rule affect?","answer":"Officials"}
{"text":["Well, it's - the prosecutors are saying that, essentially, they've got easier access to Julian Assange. He's no longer holed up in the Ecuadorian Embassy. He's in custody in the U. K. , so it's more feasible. I mean, they haven't proven him to be guilty or innocent, but the evidence hasn't changed. It wasn't due to a lack of evidence that they decided not to question him. It was pure logistics.","As we mentioned, the U. S.  is trying to extradite him, as is Sweden. Is there a chance that there could be competing claims against him here?","Yeah. The big question is who's going to get the chance to speak to him first?And Swedish prosecutors at their press conference - they basically said, we're going to let the U. K.  decide, but it could well be that it's down to the home secretary in the U. K. , the interior minister, to decide which of the countries he thinks has a more pressing case. Should it be the rape charges, or should it be the hacking classified military secrets in the U. S. ?","And there are also time considerations here. Tell us about the statute of limitations.","Yeah. In Sweden, there's a certain time limit for different kinds of crimes. And for rape, it's 10 years. So there's about a year to go before that statute of limitation limit is reached, which means there really is a time squeeze on authorities."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"a time squeeze on authorities\" implies that there is not a lot of time before that statute of limitation limit is reached, not that time is actually squeezed.","questions":"Which aspect of the authorities is affected by the statute of limitations?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Well, we've - they've already spent too much time, that is the Congress and the president, in getting a deal. So they can't, in my opinion, put together a real big debt reduction bill that the country and its people deserves. In the meantime, this tax problem came in, the Bush tax is going to expire, which was done by the law that adopted it, and that's going to put a big pressure on the budget.","And we've got a law that is so unreasonable that it ought to be repealed, the sequester. I think they're going to find a way to repeal the sequester. I think they're going to find a way to do all of the savings required in the appropriated accounts, the annual billings, but I think they're going to be very short of savings in the entitlement programs, the long-term health care, which costs are going to go skyrocketing along while we sit around thinking everything's rosy. They may not find a way to solve that one.","I hope they do, but I see no evidence that they are doing that one right. So I think they'll get two or three out of the four, and then question for everyone: will they put that much together and say, take it, and some language saying we'll do more next year?I would have some further suggestions, but we don't have time.","Well, Senator Domenici, thank you very much for your time today."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is unlikely that the Congress and the president will be able to create a debt reduction bill that benefits the country and its people, and this will put a big pressure on the budget due to the tax problem","questions":"How will the tax problem affect the budget?","answer":"Pressure"}
{"text":["In Larry Nassar's statement to the court last year just before he was sentenced, he said he'd been impacted to his inner-most core by the testimony of his victims, including yourself. But he did not apologize. He was, though, sentenced to life in prison. Did you feel resolution walking away from that day?","You know, I did in the sense that Larry will never be able to hurt another child. And I take great comfort in that. That being said, Larry was a symptom of the problem. And that's something, again, that I really wanted to dig into in the book. Larry didn't just magically appear as one of the most prolific predators in campus history, in sports history and in history in general. He didn't magically appear that way. He was enabled and sheltered by powerful organizations, by law enforcement agencies that mishandled or refused to investigate reports of sexual misconduct. And so while we were able to stop Larry, what really remains to be done and the work that has just begun is dealing with the institutions and the dynamics that left him in power.","Rachael Denhollander is an activist and former gymnast. Her book \"What Is A Girl Worth?\"and her children's book \"How Much Is A Little Girl Worth?\"are out now. Rachael, thank you so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He said that he had a huge emotional reaction to the testimony.","questions":"Which sentence describes Larry Nassar's statement to the court?","answer":"Emotional"}
{"text":["Ibiza being the Spanish island where this video was filmed.","Exactly - just blathering on and on to a Russian woman who they believed was the niece of a prominent Russian oligarch.","And I'll just insert here that I have not had the opportunity to verify exactly what is being documented on this video. But what it has done is raise all of these questions in Austria about the extent of Russian influence in Austrian politics. Is that right?","Absolutely. And, I mean, it's funny because these are actually fake Russians. This is - these are not necessarily people that were sent from the Kremlin. We don't really know the provenance of the video. Some people believe it's an activist collective. Other people are speculating that some secret services of various countries were involved. But the most important thing to say is that Vice Chancellor Strache hasn't denied any of the assertions.","Right. Well, let me insert a practical question here. Where does this leave the government of Austria?Who's in charge today?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The video raised questions about the extent of Russian influence in Austrian politics","questions":"Which country's politics is the video raising questions about?","answer":"Russian"}
{"text":["How did that affect you and your political consciousness or your sense of your place in Iran?","Well, my father's jailed especially, but also the way my parents were, always made me feel politically suspicious of whoever was in power.","You know, and I think that I have kept that in a sense. And to be politically active, not in the sense of wanting to ever myself become part of any political group or clique, but there were certain values, certain principles, that became very important. And I felt that that is the main thing, not to compromise those principles, not to be, as my father used to say, not to be ashamed of yourself. But it's really, really, I think, changed my world forever. I could never ever again trust anything. If my father, who, one moment was one of the most popular mayors Tehran ever had - I was in Switzerland at the time, and you know, we would see his picture with General De Gaulle in Paris Match, or with the king of Denmark, with the chancellor of Germany; you know, he seemed to be top of the world - and the next moment almost, he would be in jail. If that could happen so easily, then I realized that anything could happen and you cannot trust at least the political life.","Azar Nafisi, coming up, we continue our discussion. She talks about the sexual abuse she had been silent about and how that influenced her view of Nabokov's novel \"Lolita. \""],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Top of the world\" is not literal, it just means the man was very successful at the time.","questions":"What did PersonA's father's picture in Paris Match show?","answer":"Success"}
{"text":["You could wear it on your clothing?","Right. Well, their hope is - I mean, the - I think the sort of grand dream here is that if you make these little pocket factory sort of easy, you know, easy to install in cities, then inventors and companies who might have a need for micro solar but didn't want to go through the rigmarole of acquiring those panels before might incorporate them. So you could have sort of more micro solar use. That's their grand dream, although of course they say, you know, who knows?","Well - but you see, working - so the Video Pick of the Week is the video - it's up on our website at sciencefriday. com, in Flora's backyard. You get a little peek. . .","Yeah. Don't judge me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The goal is to make micro solar installation easy and convenient for inventors and companies.","questions":"How could companies benefit from micro solar?","answer":"Incorporate"}
{"text":["It also follows an advertisement, even more prominent Republicans - Colin Powell, Dick Cheney, Laura Bush among them - without their permission necessarily, all sided - quoted as supporting gay marriage in other context, but they are not signatories to this brief.","You know, Neal, I head a conservative judge say a couple of years ago, a line that stuck with me, is that one of the really brilliant things about the gay rights movement is that they took on really essentially conservative goals. That is, they wanted to serve openly in the United States military. Remember that, and how big a fight that was?And they want to marry. Committed couples wanted to marry, and some of them wanted to adopt and raise children. Now if you're conservative, how can you be opposed to something like serving in the military and getting married and raising children?","It's a difficult argument, but do you think - amicus briefs normally are, well, window dressing. Is this going to make a difference?","No, not one amicus brief doesn't make a difference. But I do think it's part of a trend of just a change in thinking and saying that, yes, many Republicans now think, you know, same sex - gay marriage is a good thing. The country's moving that way, and it should be a matter of - it's part of a larger just change in thinking. And I do think that large change in thinking does affect justices."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The goals of the gay rights movement are essentially conservative, so conservatives should support them.","questions":"How did the judge describe the goals of the gay rights movement?","answer":"Brillant"}
{"text":["And the other one is silencers or suppressors - a push to deregulate those devices. And that hasn't gone through. So the big ticket items that the NRA wants the NRA doesn't get. You mentioned at the top there this idea of strengthening background checks. I think it's important to be specific about what's under discussion there. There is bipartisan legislation. And what it would do would provide grants to the states to make sure that all of the records that show that a person is prohibited from owning a gun get into the databases that are scanned during a background check.","Mr.  Burnett, there's renewed interest on the sale of assault weapons. A ban went into effect in 1994. It expired 10 years later. Based on your reporting, what effect did that ban have?","There is some evidence - and we talk about assault - bans on assault-style weapons. What a lot of public safety experts say is the most meaningful piece of that is a restriction on how large the magazine - the ammunition magazine - that's basically how many rounds the gun can hold at one time, can be fired at one time before you have to reload.","Is there, in your mind, compelling evidence that the ban on assault weapons actually succeeded in banning assault weapons or reduced the supply or use of assault weapons and criminal activity?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"assault weapons\" - this is a term used to describe certain types of firearms that have specific features but it does not necessarily mean that the weapon is used for assault purposes.","questions":"Which term is used to describe certain types of firearms that have specific features?","answer":"Assault"}
{"text":["The regulations and the oversight that was put in place was relatively minimal because this was going to be such a small endeavor. It was going to be a small-scale experiment for 100 schools. Well, guess what?We have 1,300 charter schools today. And we have a law that doesn't actually account for the scale of that.","That's LA Times reporter Anna Phillips. She's been investigating loopholes in California's charter school system. What she discovered is a fragmented and decentralized regulating system. In Los Angeles, Phillips encountered a case in which a wealthy Beverly Hills couple made millions of dollars by simply turning to a different school district whenever their charter schools came under scrutiny.","These charter schools had been set up as nonprofits that were publicly funded. But if you looked right kind of on the outskirts of them, the couple that had started them had essentially created a series of businesses or nonprofits that were doing business with their own schools. So for instance, this couple rented a lot of their own properties they owned. They were their own landlords.","They owned buildings that then they rented to the schools, so they were getting that income.","Exactly. And there were other ways they were getting income. The woman who ran these schools, her husband was hired on as a project manager for about $500,000 to oversee the construction of a new campus. When they wanted to bring in cafeteria meals for their students, they hired one of their own organizations. So this was public money that was coming into these schools, but the couple that ran them was financially benefiting from it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"a small-scale experiment for 100 schools\" - The literal meaning of this phrase is that the experiment was limited in scope to only 100 schools. However, the implied meaning is that the regulations and oversight were inadequate for the current scale of the charter school system, which has grown much larger than originally anticipated.","questions":"Which phrase reveals the inadequate regulations and oversight of the charter school system?","answer":"regulations"}
{"text":["Yeah, and that sounds a little anthropomorphic. I mean, they live in those reservoir hosts inconspicuously. Obviously viruses don't have purposes, so it's not their purpose to hide, but they disappear. They go somewhere where we can't find them.","Scientists - Ebola spilled over for the first time in 1976, and scientists still don't know what the reservoir host of Ebola is.","If you want to get in on the conversation, ask David Quammen a question, it's 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. Now these are called zoonosis, is that - did I get that right?","That's right, yeah, zoonoses. A zoonosis is an animal infection that's transmissible to humans. It might or might not cause disease in humans. Sometimes these things spill over, and they become innocent passenger viruses in humans. But if the zoonosis spills over and does cause disease, then we call that a zoonotic disease. And about 60 percent of our infectious diseases are zoonotic."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Scientists have been studying Ebola for decades, but they still haven't identified its reservoir host.","questions":"What is the name of the disease that spills over from animals to humans and might or might not cause disease in humans?","answer":"Zoonosis"}
{"text":["There are plenty of great public colleges like UCLA. They used to be much cheaper than equally strong private colleges. But now the price of many public colleges is rising fast, and that leaves some high school students with little or no choice for higher education, including African-American students. So what options do you have if you want to get an education but don't want to run up years' worth of student loans?We'll ask economist and author Dr.  Julianne Malveaux; she is the president of Bennett College. Hi, Dr.  Malveaux.","Hi Farai, how are you?","I'm great. Across the country, though, public and state universities are reporting anywhere from a 5 to 8 percent tuition increase for the upcoming year. Why is that?","Costs are rising. If you are running a college, you are looking at energy costs, you are looking at the same costs that the rest of the nation is looking at. And so people are raising tuitions to go along with that. Some of us are not. Bennett College's tuition has been stable for the last three years. We are not raising tuition this year. But many colleges are looking at the costs and saying, we've got to meet it. In addition, frankly, there have been years where colleges have not raised costs, and now people are trying to catch up. In some state universities, people have not seen raises in two or three years, they have seen pay freezes, and so now we are trying to catch up. Lots of people are trying to catch up."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The reason behind the increase in tuition fees for public and state universities is not because of the lack of money but because of the rising costs.","questions":"What is the reason for the increase in tuition fees for public and state universities?","answer":"Rising"}
{"text":["There was no regulation at the time. I mean, the calves that they experimented on in the '60s came from Cooley's ranch. And when I was researching this, I heard this really bizarre story. And I asked - I had one source that I trusted implicitly. And I called her, and I said, I heard that Dr.  Cooley put a pig's heart in somebody. And she didn't bat an eye, and she said no, no, no, it was a sheep. Those were the days (laughter). You know, today, we have the FDA. We have hospital review boards. We have all kinds of things.","When you say artificial heart, you know, the first name that might come up is Robert Jarvik. I mean, some listeners might recall his name. He created a heart that kept Barney Clark, a dentist from Seattle - kept him alive for 112 days back in 1982. That was a huge story, huge story at the time. And that was a long time ago (laughter). Where are we today?Are people still getting artificial hearts implanted today?","It's interesting. Jarvik kept going. And there is a form of an artificial heart that Jarvik designed that's probably the best. But there is no total replacement. You know, a battery-operated - something that - they can cut you open, put this piece of titanium in, sew you back up, and you're good to go.","So from all your reporting, did you, you know, finish this up thinking, we're going to see an artificial heart in our lifetime?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is no fully functional artificial heart currently available","questions":"Which organ was the focus of the experiment conducted by Dr. Cooley according to the dialogue?","answer":"Heart"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","And that's exactly what I did and never really looked back from there really.","Yeah. What did you like about it?What do you like about it?","Actually, I quite like the early morning work because I don't - I'm happy in my own skin. I quite like solitude. I don't mind spending time with myself. But I think what it was is it was going to work when there's no one on the road. So I could drive to work, no one on the road - very quiet - go to where - the team were there. We had a lot of work to do. I was very proud of what I did, and I picked it up very, very quickly. And it was lovely looking back on the bakery and looking at all the croissant, the afternoon tea, the breads - and looking at everything that you've made and thought, do you know what?I'm proud of that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) \"B: (Laughter).\" This turn implies that B found something funny or amusing, but it does not provide any literal information or statement.","questions":"How did PersonB react to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Laughter"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. And. . .",". . . because the sound was different.","Yeah. And also, they - when they gave people different kinds of spoons, it affected what they thought about the food.","Oh, they've done all kinds of things. The spoon is actually a gigantic question, not necessarily important, but gigantic."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A implies that the impact of the spoon on people's perception of food is not significant but it is a curious question.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the spoon's impact on people's perception of food?","answer":"Curious"}
{"text":["I really feel disappointed that a member of the House took the time to attack the people that are contributing to the campaign of President Trump, an attack that we are fueling or helping to fuel hate among Hispanics. In my office, half my personnel is Hispanic. I love Hispanic people. They're family-oriented. My wife - all of us got scared. I said people are going to come to attack us.","But you do know that this is public information.","Yes. But we are not contributing to fuel any hate. We are contributing because we want President Trump to be reelected. I like the job he's doing as president. I love the way he loves America, the same way that I love America. I named my company Great America Companies in 1972 when I first immigrated to America because I felt this was a great place.","President Trump has used the words invasion and killer, according to new statistics, over 500 times when speaking about immigration and immigrants since 2017. That is as president. People see his rhetoric as divisive and specifically when speaking about Latino immigrants. Does that not concern you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : By contributiing to Trump's campaign they are seen as contributing to the mistreatment of Hispanics because Trump speads this kind of rhetoric. They are giving Trump the means to continue his divisive rhetoric. ","questions":"How is the rhetoric of President Trump seen by some people when speaking about Latino immigrants?","answer":"divisive"}
{"text":["Our Women's National Team has been so successful over decades since the beginning of the creation of the team, right?And all of these women - we all think that we're the best in the world. Rightfully so - but you can imagine that environment and the standards and the competition and the challenge and the demanding aspects of it. So, having lived inside of this little ecosystem for so many years, I became so accustomed to having those around me push me to become my best self.","So I took a few years off, and I got super unfit, but I needed - my body needed a complete reset. So I started running again, and this whole thing - like, I hate running. I hate every step of it. And I would come home, and I would complain. And eventually, my wife was, like, look - like, you don't have your teammates around you.","And it dawned on me - like, wow. Oh, OK. I see how this works. Suffering and joy is made so much better when you get to do it with people around you that see your best self and hold you to that account.","It's common for professional athletes after they retire to feel like they've lost their identity. What have you done to kind of rebuild who you are?Do you feel like you have an identity again after your pro career?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Retiring from a professional athletic career can result in a loss of identity, and the speaker is asking how the person has coped with this and if they have found a new sense of identity.","questions":"Which aspect of professional athletic career is the speaker asking the person about?","answer":"Retiring"}
{"text":["Good to be with you.","So we just heard about what this decision means practically speaking, but what about politically?What's the thought process here?","I think the administration does not want too much attention to be paid to the person that they're handling this portfolio to. In other words, they don't want the czar concept. That was something of a media concept. You know, we do love czars. We like our drug czars, our energy czars. So. . .","And what sounds better than car czar?","(Soundbite of laughter) It's perfect. It was irresistible. And that is exactly why they decided to resist it because they knew we couldn't resist it. They wanted this fellow, and they have a person, his name is Ron Bloom. He has been an investment banker. He has been involved in a number of manufacturing, restructuring situations. And they wanted to bring him into the Treasury Department as a senior adviser to Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The statement is tongue in cheek. B is joking that \"car czar\" rhymes and fits in with the habit of calling so many positions \"czar\" in American government.","questions":"Which word best describes PersonB's comment about \"car czar\"?","answer":"Irresistible"}
{"text":[". . . back in the - I think the big telescopes like Hubble and other ground-based telescopes will be used to observe the impact site if any debris appears. In fact, back in 2009, there was an impact of a much larger asteroid on Jupiter that caused a really - a debris cloud on Jupiter that was about as big as the Pacific Ocean.","Wow.","And the newly repaired Hubble was used to observe that impact, and a lot was learned about that impact from Hubble observation.","So folks are really tweaking it up now. I mean, and having a good weekend, you just need a nice clear sky, and you too might discover something."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is making a sarcastic remark about the difficulty of discovering something new with telescopes.","questions":"Which remark did PersonB make about discovering something new with telescopes?","answer":"Difficulty"}
{"text":["In Larry Nassar's statement to the court last year just before he was sentenced, he said he'd been impacted to his inner-most core by the testimony of his victims, including yourself. But he did not apologize. He was, though, sentenced to life in prison. Did you feel resolution walking away from that day?","You know, I did in the sense that Larry will never be able to hurt another child. And I take great comfort in that. That being said, Larry was a symptom of the problem. And that's something, again, that I really wanted to dig into in the book. Larry didn't just magically appear as one of the most prolific predators in campus history, in sports history and in history in general. He didn't magically appear that way. He was enabled and sheltered by powerful organizations, by law enforcement agencies that mishandled or refused to investigate reports of sexual misconduct. And so while we were able to stop Larry, what really remains to be done and the work that has just begun is dealing with the institutions and the dynamics that left him in power.","Rachael Denhollander is an activist and former gymnast. Her book \"What Is A Girl Worth?\"and her children's book \"How Much Is A Little Girl Worth?\"are out now. Rachael, thank you so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Larry didn't just show up as a predator and hurt as many people as he did. ","questions":"What was the problem that enabled Larry to become one of the most prolific predators in history?","answer":"Organizations"}
{"text":["Jeffrey Dahmer in Milwaukee.","Right and Ted Bundy in Florida. I mean, if you look at the serial killers, the majority of them that abused animals prior to turning on humans - and even one admitted, I did it to see how the animal would die before I killed a human. It's just - it's amazing. School shooters, Pearl, Miss. , and Columbine, they all abused animals and killed animals prior to their shooting spree. So it's - the data's there and it's not just guesswork. It's actual documented data.","You've been a law enforcement professional. Are there people who say the last thing I need is more paperwork, more data?","Yeah, here's the thing. Law enforcement really hasn't grasped this problem yet. If you look back in the early '70s when domestic violence came up and how the laws changed and then law enforcement would go, say, well, if the woman's getting beat, why she won't leave the house?Well, we didn't understand. We'd understand the dynamics of domestic violence, and as that whole thing changed, it got better. And if you look at animal abuse right now, it's - can follow the same timeline. You can always - bet you it's within years that it's going to be the same timeline. You have to get - in order for this problem to be solved, you're going to have to get the legislators to create the laws, you're going to have to get law enforcement to enforce the laws, you're going to have to get prosecutors to prosecute and judges to convict."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is suggesting that, similar to the evolution of laws and attitudes towards domestic violence, there needs to be a similar shift in the understanding and treatment of animal abuse. This implies that the speaker believes that animal abuse should be taken seriously and treated as a potential indicator of violent behavior, and that there needs to be a comprehensive effort involving legislators, law enforcement, prosecutors, and judges to address this issue.","questions":"How does the speaker suggest addressing animal abuse?","answer":"Legislators"}
{"text":["Not initially.","No?It didn't come in handy?","Yeah. I mean, you would think that would be an easy thing, but man, you know, that's why they have somebody for that. You know, it definitely becomes a thing trying to get people out their trailer. They're nice and comfy.","Well, did you have any other experiences in the NFL that kind of helped prepare you for the role you do now?I'm taking not doing hair probably doing - doing hair probably wasn't one of those tasks since you all wear helmets, but. . .","Yeah. I mean, but look. You know, I had natural hair. You know, I remember when I was in the league, I had my hair long enough to where it could be braided. And, you know, every week I'd have to go and get it worked on and stuff. So, you know, I think for both men and women it's definitely something that's a big part of our life. But, you know, in terms of the connection between NFL and filmmaking, it's all very team-oriented."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Getting people out of their trailers is a difficult task.","questions":"Which task was not one of those that helped prepare PersonA for his current role?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Correct.","And is there a difference in spider silk as opposed to the silkworm silk?","There are many similarities between the two, as a family of proteins. There are also some distinct differences. There are many different kinds of both spider silks and silkworm silks. The silk we use for this particular study is really based on a purified version of what's present in the textile world, and we choose that because the infrastructure is there, the supplies are there to really utilize this in a widespread application like vaccine distribution that we're talking about.","So you could use it for more than just vaccines?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There are other potential uses for the silk beyond vaccine distribution.","questions":"How many potential uses are there for the silk beyond vaccine distribution?","answer":"Other"}
{"text":["I suspect that more than a wee dram has been ingested in Scotland, particularly over the past few months, between people grousing about being under the thumb of London and the U. K. In the end, did a lot of Scots decide they kind of like the English?","I really don't think this is a kind of loving of Britain. I think that we had a double negative affect here rather than a positive embrace of what's British. It was more to do with a fear of how we might mess up if we go it alone, I think. There is just something within the Scottish psyche, I think. It's fairly confrontational, the psychology of the Scots. We tend to not wholeheartedly embrace something and say, you know, oh God, we love being British or we love you or, you know, we'll say, ah, you're not bad. You know, that's a very Scottish expression. I think that's what we've done with England and the rest of the U. K.  You know what; it's not that bad rather than suddenly discovering our Britishness.","Ewan Morrison, author and screenwriter, author of \"Tales From The Mall,\" joining us from Glasgow, Scotland - still the U. K. Thanks very much for being with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"It was more to do with a fear of how we might mess up if we go it alone\" - The actual meaning is figurative, as the fear of the unknown future is not a physical object that can be \"done\" or \"messed up\", but rather a concept or emotion.","questions":"Which emotion did the Scots experience regarding going it alone?","answer":"Fear"}
{"text":["Let's go back and talk about the suspended campaign for a moment. What is the practical effect of that on the race for the White House?","I suspect that the main affect it's had thus far is to get everyone talking about John McCain and how he has a tendency to shake things up again, which is a big part of John McCain's campaign persona, his narrative, if you will, that he is a fellow who is inclined to do the unexpected, to move between the parties, to move on his own, to be a maverick, to be unpredictable, to throw the long ball if you'd like, and sometimes that can really change things.","Now, I think that the McCain campaign maybe telling us in the hours to come that just the shift in emphasis over the last 24 hours since he's talked about suspending his campaign - it's been a little less than 24 hours since the mid-afternoon announcement that he wanted to do that on Wednesday - that just that alone changed the atmosphere in Washington, and even before he returned to Washington, the fruits of that were visible. That's obviously going to be a debatable proposition. I think a lot of people are going to relate to this as having been a kind of campaign device that had very little effect on the actual bailout negotiations. But those two sides will contend.","I have less than 30 seconds for your answer, and the question is, is it fair to ask whether or not Sarah Palin could have continued campaigning?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They are implying that they are short on time","questions":"Which turn implies that the speakers are rushed?","answer":"3"}
{"text":[". . . in Romania. And he's an 18-year-old who did this pretty much on his own. And this isn't his first project. Before this, he was building jet engines.","And 18-year-old?","Yeah, from the Internet.","Don't try this - well, he tried it at home, I guess."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The turn with an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (4) \"Don't try this - well, he tried it at home, I guess.\" This statement is a sarcastic remark that implies that the speaker thinks the project the 18-year-old completed is difficult or dangerous and that the listener should not attempt it. However, the speaker acknowledges that the 18-year-old had the audacity to try it anyway.","questions":"What is the implied tone of the statement in turn 3?","answer":"sarcastic"}
{"text":["OK, which theory do you want to start with?","Well, the ships became frozen in the ice and the crewmen set out on foot.","Well, we know that's true. Captain Franklin - Sir John - made a huge mistake trying to force the Victoria passage with that much ice. And he kept going when they could turn back to shelter. And it got them stuck in the worst possible place. So his error of judgment doomed those men.","What other theories are there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Although the speaker says \"we know that's true,\" they are not expressing a belief that the events described in turn (2) are factual. Rather, they are acknowledging the information that has been presented and using it as a basis to introduce a theory about what might have happened to the crewmen. T","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion on the events described in turn (2)?","answer":"Acknowledgment"}
{"text":["OK. So, speaking of the Senate and Senator Obama, he will resign his seat on Sunday. His replacement will be appointed by the governor of Illinois, Rod Blagojevich. Who are the likely candidates, and who's likely to actually be appointed?","Well, the most likely candidate and the person most likely to be appointed is Jesse Jackson Jr. , the congressman from Chicago. But there are a range of candidates, and it's quite interesting because, as you know, the governor is in political hot water himself. His numbers are very low. There's all sorts of talk of investigations and the like.","So, the question is, would he, potentially, maybe appoint somebody who's a close ally in the state legislature?There's the 73-year-old Emil Jones. Then, what about pressure from the Hispanic community?There's Congressman Luis Gutierrez. And there's also talk about Tammy Duckworth - Tammy Duckworth, who runs the Veterans Affairs Department for Illinois, and she is a double amputee and close to Obama. But there are also people who might be potentially opponents for the governor going forward, like the attorney general, Lisa Madigan, or the treasurer. So, there's all these kinds of angles to the game that are very interesting. But it looks at this moment, most likely, that you're going to end up with Jesse Jackson Jr.","OK.  And Juan, what was your best political conversation of this week?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : hot water implies being in trouble and difficult situation, not of a very high temperature liquid ","questions":"What does the phrase \"hot water\" indicate in the dialogue?","answer":"Trouble"}
{"text":["I want to mention that Mark Bryant of the Gun Violence Archive is remaining with us for this hour to offer context if we need him. And so, Congressman, you unveiled a detailed plan to address gun violence as part of your presidential campaign. You had a chance to talk about some of these issues in the debate that you participated in. Tell us about, if you would, just, like, what's your signature idea here?And tell us why you think that's so important.","You know, the signature principle is we don't have to live this way. And so many of my constituents have been calling and texting and saying that they're afraid to go to public places. They're afraid to take their kids shopping with them - that they're mindful of that now and in ways that they've never been before. And, you know, one of the ways that we could reduce that fear would be to ban and buy back the 15 million assault weapons in America.","You know, many folks have called for an assault weapon ban on future manufacturing and sales, but I don't think that would go far enough. I think we need to get every single weapon of war off the streets. And it's not something - this is not an original idea. You know, Australia did it in the '90s and New Zealand is underway doing it now after their mosque shooting.","Well, advocates of expansive gun rights would argue that the United States is different, and that the right to own a gun is both - is a constitutional right. What do you say about that?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"ban and buy back\" means prohibiting and repurchasing","questions":"How many assault weapons does the speaker want to ban and buy back in America?","answer":"15million"}
{"text":["There's that feeling - I mean, so many of us have parents in the industry. I mean, that's what this region is about, especially around Detroit, and Wayne State's in Detroit, the heart of Detroit. So, it's nerve-racking. Everyone is nervous. Everyone doesn't know what's going to happen next. We're all watching the news very closely. But at the same time, it's interesting, because with my generation, we almost seem to, kind of, not be as directly impacted. I mean, our family is, it puts stress on us, but the day to day of the university and the day to day at school doesn't seem to have changed that much.","I understand you have friends there who are engineering majors. Do they have any sense of what their future looks like, and will be it there in Michigan?","Everybody is secure in their choices and secure in their decision. Everybody thinks that the industry will come around, especially now with the news that GM is getting money from the government. And everybody is more hopeful, and I mean, the auto industry has always been one of the largest industries and a staple in America, and to think that that industry is just going to vanish, nobody is willing to concede that.","Alex Marinica is a junior studying at Wayne State University in Detroit. Thanks so much, Alex."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker believes that the auto industry will not vanish despite the current situation","questions":"Which industry does the speaker think will not disappear?","answer":"Auto"}
{"text":["You know, it's not fair to put the blame on the entire system. You know, we countlessly says in sexual assaults it's not a fraternity problem. It's not an alcohol problem. But we also can't be naive enough not to point out that there seems to be a theme happening where people have this groupthink and are able to hide behind a larger organization.","Can you give us any more insight as to what the conversation on your editorial board's been like?","We were shocked and disgusted when this information came out. You know, one of our first editorials was just somewhat emotional - us explaining that we are very frustrated that this has happened. We are disgusted. These actions are vile, and we, as a student newspaper, are putting our foot down. We're not going to stand for it. As more information has unfolded, specifically the anonymous interview that came out in Philadelphia magazine - that was another topic of one of our editorials.","I don't know that story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"putting our foot down\" - This phrase means that they are taking a strong stance against something. Its actual meaning is figurative, not literal.","questions":"How is the phrase \"putting our foot down\" used in the dialogue?","answer":"Stance"}
{"text":["Yeah, well, in fact, what our(ph) antihydrogen atoms bump into when we release them is gold. The inside of our apparatus is gold-plated, so they're actually hitting gold nuclei. So what happens is the antiquarks in the antiproton finds some quarks in a gold nucleus and annihilate with those. The amount of energy released is about the same, right?You're annihilating the rest mass of the antiproton on the same rest mass of the quarks that make up the nucleus.","So does the gold get changed any way from. . .","Not in any way that you would measure macroscopically, right, but - because we're talking about, we trap one atom at a time, right?So there's no macroscopic effect that you would be able to measure. But for us, that's a microscopically violent event, right?There's a lot of energy released, and we're pretty good at detecting that so we can actually see the energy release when you lose one atom of antihydrogen. By the way, you couldn't do that with hydrogen. If hydrogen hits the wall, nothing happens, right?So this is one way that antimatter is actually fun to work with.","When you shoot that radiation at it to flip it around, does it self-annihilate against the wall?Is that what happens?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Antimatter is fun to work with because of its violent microscopically violent events.","questions":"What is one way that antimatter is enjoyable?","answer":"Violent"}
{"text":["Yeah. Did Joan love Ray, really?","You know, it's easy to think that perhaps she married him because of his money. But it's been hard to sort of root out exactly what she felt. What she said in interviews a number of times was very circumspect - what is love?But I do know that people who knew them both say that it was a long passion - that it wasn't just as simple as a beautiful, young woman running off with a rich man. Certainly, you know, the facts bear that out. It took them so long to get together, and there was a huge price to be paid with both their families.","She really made a difference in the way we think of and treat addiction, didn't she?","Oh, she did, and in such an interesting time. In the '70s, even before Betty Ford had famously stepped forward and talked about her struggles, Joan was convening people who were early thinkers in how to treat people differently. You know, AA had been around, of course, for decades. But there was a movement in the '70s to get people to look at the whole person with alcoholism. And Joan was really passionate about getting the word out."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"What she said in interviews a number of times was very circumspect - what is love?\" - Implied meaning: Joan was not able to directly answer the question of whether she loved Ray or not, as her answers were often evasive and indirect.","questions":"How were Joan's answers in interviews about love?","answer":"Circumspect"}
{"text":["So the Mafia survives off what it's always survived off of, which is essentially protection rackets, right?But where are they at this particular moment?I think many of us think of the Mafia as being a sort of pale shadow of what it once was, both in the U. S.  and Italy.","I think that's true, but that is a great symptom of both the huge step change that there's been since particularly the early 1990s in the law enforcement response to organized crime in Italy. And another great indicator of that is this trans-Atlantic cooperation between the authorities. They've now worked together for a generation because they understand the importance of this old bridge. It's no coincidence that FBI headquarters has in it a bust of Giovanni Falcone, the great hero and martyr of the struggle against the Mafia in Italy. He was blown up, along, with his wife and his armed escort by a Mafia bomb in 1992 because Falcone was who pioneered this trans-Atlantic cooperation in the fight against the Mafia. He got it.","Do you consider these raids are a major blow to the attempts to sort of reanimate these links?","I think this is an ongoing process. It clearly shows that the authorities are watching it very, very carefully. They understand it and know it. And that - from that point of view, it's reassuring. But it's always difficult to tell, when an operation is as fresh as this one is, just how damaging it will prove to be."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being a pale shadow means that it is not as strong as it once was.","questions":"How would you describe the current state of the Mafia?","answer":"Weaker"}
{"text":["Prime Minister Boris Johnson asked the queen to suspend Parliament - a very British coup, as many of his critics say, or a way to force Parliament to work out Brexit three years-plus after voters voted for him.","Or perhaps a device to get Parliament out of the way and allow Boris and the Brexiteers to finally leave the EU even without a deal. And the EU has said it is done negotiating. So this fall, Britain may leave the European Union and do it in the most disruptive and unpredictable way imaginable. So for the residents of Britain, this is rather like watching a hurricane bear down on them, feeling helpless to stop it and unable to escape.","The romance between the president and Fox News seemed to have everything going for it. What happened?","(Laughter) It does seem to have cooled. Weeks ago, the president started complaining about the opinion polls he saw on Fox News. They were showing his approval rating as low as most of the other media and academic polls. So he called that fake news."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The good feelings between the president and fox news seems to be over.","questions":"Which news network did the president have a good relationship with?","answer":"Fox"}
{"text":["You know, I initially wasn't sure if I was going to go back after Katrina. But I think that I was so - you know, I realized, you know, that there's that whole song, \"Do You Know What It Means to Miss New Orleans?\"I didn't get it until I left after the storm and I was evacuated in Atlanta for a period of about six months. And it just started setting in that, you know, New Orleans is truly a special place. I felt like I could have a better impact if I were back in the city trying to help people. And so that drew me back to the city. I mean, it truly is an amazing place, and as far as whether or not I'll go back now, definitely. I can't see leaving New Orleans at this point. And I know some people don't understand that. They might think that's sort of silly, but it truly is a unique city. And the people are amazing. The culture is amazing, and so it's just such a hard place to stay away from.","Do you ever wonder, why us twice now?","You know, yeah, what are the chances?And it's so crazy because the anniversary of Katrina was just on August 29th, and that was - I remember evacuating on a Sunday, the storm hit on a Monday, and the same thing has kind of happened now, though I evacuated Saturday, the storm hit on Monday. So it's just very unusual.","Thena, thank you so much for sharing your story with us. Good luck to you also."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The coincidence of being evacuated twice is unusual","questions":"Which anniversary was just on August 29th?","answer":"Katrina"}
{"text":["But there are an unestimated huge number of them that are already in circulation and, one would presume, if they were to be outlawed, an underground market. I mean, does the bump stock just go far enough?","Well, I don't know. I mean, look, I think most Americans do support an individual's right to own a firearm. I certainly do. Now, the issue then becomes, you know - I don't think it's practical to suggest that we could have some kind of gun confiscation movement in this country. There are just probably hundreds of millions of firearms that are owned privately.","I wasn't suggesting that. But I mean, what about limiting the number of weapons or rounds that can be contained in a magazine, which used to be the law.","Well, that's a debate we will likely have. Some states have moved in that direction. But I would suggest that the other issue that many of us are talking about, too, is continuing to enhance background checks for the purchase of private sales of firearms. That is an issue that many of us are advancing. Pat Toomey and Joe Manchin advocated for legislation a few years. I had strongly supported it. Now, I don't want to suggest that, you know, enhancing background checks in any way would have stopped what happened in Las Vegas. From what I've learned so far, I mean. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Background checks should be enhanced for the purchase of private sales of firearms to help prevent tragedies similar to Las Vegas.","questions":"Which tragedy do enhanced background checks aim to prevent?","answer":"Las"}
{"text":["The government said the first round of elections didn't produce a majority. That meant a runoff, but since the runoff plan was announced, locals have died or been beaten in election-related violence. International reporters and diplomats have been detained or expelled, food aid for malnourished people has reportedly been confiscated by the government, and Tsvangirai has faced threats and government detention during his campaigning. In fact, Tsvangirai was just released hours ago from yet another detention. We spoke with the Zimbabwean opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai, shortly before his latest detention. He shared his perspective on the election, and told us about the work he is doing with the American-based media outlet MTVU.","You have stood for election, seen that the government says that you did not win a majority, been detained, waited for a runoff. What was the moment when you most despaired during this process of the election and the post-election?","I think the most despairing moment was the waiting for the results, when we knew that we had won the election, and that the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission was not announcing the result. I think it was the worst moment, of waiting.","How do you think the MDC supporters are doing right now?Have people - there have been widespread beatings, detentions. Do you think that people are still willing whenever the runoff actually happens, to go out and vote?Or are some people going to be too afraid?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The government rigged the election and caused violence.","questions":"Which factor led to the violence in Zimbabwe?","answer":"Rigging"}
{"text":["Yeah, it's light and it's very dark at the same time, yeah.","Well, that's what you go for or what?","Yeah, you got to have a little bit of - a little bit of an edge, I think.","You have a woman in a classical gown looking out over the sea coast in the moonlight holding a lantern. The caption - night after night she watches the sea, longing for her husband's departure (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Please expand upon your thoughts and discuss what your experience has been to-date with engagement with your loved one.","questions":"Which caption describes the painting that PersonB mentions in their turn?","answer":"her-husband's-departure"}
{"text":["What does it mean to have a populist party and right-wing party win the parliamentary majority?","Oh, it's a very simple answer to a difficult question. We don't know. It's an experiment, not only for Italy, for the whole of Europe. I mean, for Italy today, June the Second is like the 14th of July in the United States. It's our birthday. The Italian Republic was born 72 years ago in 1946, and we never had anything like that. You know, the 5-Star are closer with sort of South American populist movement.","Yeah.","You know, you have good and bad over there. And the Northern League is a right-wing party. What will they do together?I don't know. I wish them luck."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The outcome of the parliamentary election is uncertain, and it is difficult to predict what will happen next","questions":"How would you describe the outcome of the parliamentary election?","answer":"Uncertain"}
{"text":["So I'm saying - it's not - that's not the - relevant. I'm saying that - people say this, that your argument is driven by concerns about being majority minority. I'm saying that decision's already made. The question for us is how do we make a success of this?And on present policy, we are in real danger of not making a success of it.","Let me give you a very, very concrete point of where we're going. So the peak decade for illegal immigration was the 1990s. Of the 45 million or so foreign-born people in the United States, about 11 million are here illegally. And most of them are probably, right now, under 45, but very soon, they're going to be reaching 65. The majority of the illegal immigrant population has been here for more than a decade. They're not going home.","So when they turn 65, what happens to them?Do they get a pension?Do they get health care?Or do we write them off?Making Americans of them is going to be a huge challenge. Otherwise, we're going to have a lot of old, sick poor people living amongst us with no agreement as to what their status is.","David Frum - his recent piece is on the cover of the April edition of The Atlantic magazine. David, thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : To \"write something off\" means to ignore or otherwise pay no mind to the subject in question. It doesn't speak of actually writing. In this case, it means give no help to elderly illegals and leave them to fend for themselves without the benefits citizens would get.","questions":"What does \"write something off\" mean in turn 2?","answer":"Ignore"}
{"text":["And so he's been - there's a debate. I've said, you know, I don't know - it's ongoing. I don't know how active it is, you know, about whether he should be given credit for the germ theory of disease.","Instead of Pasteur, who came later.","That's right, yeah.","Yeah, oh, so he saw something, didn't know what they were, but he thought that's how they - this spread from one person to another, through these little worms or something."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Louis Pasteur is often given credit for the germ theory of disease instead of the person being discussed","questions":"Which person is often given credit for the germ theory of disease instead of the debated person?","answer":"Pasteur"}
{"text":["Now lots of lawyers were lining up to lead the Justice Department. So why did the White House decide to go with Lynch?","First of all, she has a reputation for working well with others. She's very understated and under the radar. Another important factor for the White House I hear from sources is that she's diverse and historic. She'd be the first black woman on the job. She descends from a long line of Baptist preachers in the south. And she has a rich, rich voice and an ability to speak and communicate a message. She's also, Linda, quite noncontroversial.","So about that. What is the reaction from Republicans in the Senate?Can she be confirmed?It's kind of late in the term.","It is kind of late in the term. She's going to have a year and a half or two years to make her mark. Iowa Senator Chuck Grassley, a Republican who's in line to lead the Judiciary Committee next year, says Lynch is going to get a thorough vetting. And he's going to make sure that happens. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina, another Republican, sounded relatively positive, too, about this election. And finally, Linda, Mitch McConnell, who's going to run the Senate as majority leader starting in January, said he is willing to consider her nomination. He wants it to happen in 2015 instead of during this lame-duck session."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"He's going to make sure that happens.\" - The literal meaning is that Senator Chuck Grassley will ensure a thorough vetting of Lynch's nomination. The actual meaning is that Grassley may put obstacles in the way of Lynch's confirmation.","questions":"What is the intention of Senator Chuck Grassley towards Lynch's confirmation?","answer":"Obstacles"}
{"text":["Firefighting is dangerous - raging flames, choking smoke, hot, floating ash - but what about the long-term health effects that persist after the fire's been doused and firefighters have gone home?The Chicago Tribune investigated links between fighting fires and deadly cancers that can catch up to those first responders long after they leave a scene. Karen Ann Cullotta reported the story, and she told us she started looking into it after two firefighters in the Chicago area died.","I wrote obituaries for both of them, and I was kind of taken aback that they were both young, and these were what was being called line-of-duty deaths cancer deaths. So I started asking around different fire departments and saying, you know, is this something you're seeing?Is this something that's being talked about?And without exception, every department I spoke with said this is pretty much all we're talking about.","Is it the toxic smoke?What is it?","Yeah. So there's just - there's a lot of questions - unanswered questions. And while there's been research into this for years, it's still unfolding. They've always known that, of course, inhaling smoke is dangerous. But now, these studies are looking at these toxins that are in the smoke and that settle on the skin. So it's not just inhalation. It's actually getting into the skin and into the blood stream from exposed areas."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Firefighting can have long-term health consequences for first responders, including deadly cancers.","questions":"How can firefighters be affected by firefighting?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Well, certainly in some cases in expensive cities still need some help but much less help. On a minimum wage of $12 an hour, a couple - two full-time minimum wage workers - would earn $50,000 a year. That certainly doesn't make you affluent, it doesn't make you rich, but you can get by reasonably well on $50,000 a year.","And you don't think jobs will leave the state?","Some jobs, but probably a lot fewer than most people think. There have actually been a lot of recent studies in the last five or 10 years that have turned around the economic sentiment on this issue. In most cases, in nearly all cases, the jobs we're talking about for these workers are in the low-wage service sector. They're non-tradable. They're not subject to foreign competition. They can't be outsourced. Those jobs are exactly the sort of jobs where the employers would simply pass along the extra costs to the consumer. They'd raise prices and keep their workers at a much higher paycheck. Furthermore, the price rises we're talking about are very much smaller than most people would realize. Wal-Mart is America's largest low-wage employer. Three hundred thousand Wal-Mart workers average about $9 an hour. All Wal-Mart would have to do to cover a $12 minimum wage is raise their prices by 1. 1 percent one time. The average Wal-Mart shopper would pay only an extra $12. 50 per year. People wouldn't even notice the price hike.","Well, if the goal is to lift low-wage workers above the poverty level, is $12 an hour really enough?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Is a minimum wage of $12 an hour sufficient to raise low-wage earners out of poverty?","questions":"How much is the average Wal-Mart shopper paying extra per year due to the $12 minimum wage?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["I mean, there have been some high-profile examples recently of sort of ethically questionable journalism, you know, maybe at best. Do you think that - and this is sort of tangential, but do you think that that, the definition of plagiarism needs to be updated for the Web?","I mean, given that I started this thing, you mentioned the curator's code, I think about that a lot. I think plagiarism is kind of a harsh word that comes from the publishing world, you know, kind of a legacy term. And there are many layers to it. It's a little bit of a grab bag.","But online, one of the things that I think about a lot, which I think is a form of sort of neo-plagiarism as this idea of OK, you know, we live at a time where there's almost infinite information, and it takes time to find the meaningful and to separate it from the meaningless, and that's effort, and that's sort of creative labor.","And when someone does that, and let's say - you know, for example, one of my favorite sites, Open Culture, run by Dan Colman out of Stanford, he finds amazing archival stuff. You know, and he spends time in the archives looking for it. And then it gets sort of reported on, say, Huffington Post or Business Insider, just sort of regurgitated."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"regurgitated\", which is used here to describe the process of reusing someone else's work without adding any original content or value.","questions":"Which term describes the process of reusing someone else's work without adding any original content or value?","answer":"Regurgitated"}
{"text":["Not the algorithm?","Not the algorithm. He gets a little credit at the bottom.","How much of what I read every day in the L. A.  Times is written by an algorithm?","Well, the only places we really use it is for, you know, earthquakes, and just the initial reports, and if you are a reader of our homicide report, which tracks every homicide back since 2007, anything that we couldn't get further information on, that we just have basic details on, gets templatized into a robo-post as well."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1), when B says \"Not the algorithm?\" the actual meaning is not just a question about whether or not the algorithm is involved, but also a suggestion that the algorithm may not be the best solution or may have negative consequences.","questions":"Which word suggests that PersonB's question about the algorithm may have negative connotations?","answer":"Negative"}
{"text":["What does it mean to put your hat in someone's ring?Does it mean that you are, for example, trying to lead your constituents that you're trying to lead other people, who are a part of the Congressional Black Caucus or part of Congress?What exactly does you putting your chips on the table mean?","For the past 20-something years, I have been putting out a sample ballot. And if people don't get it at the time that they think they should, my office is inundated with calls. You know, through the media, through your sample ballot operation, I let people know what's on my mind. And I try and let them know why I'm doing what I'm doing and then they make their decision.","Congresswoman, I've had a chance to come to your offices in South Los Angeles and you have a multi-racial coalition of staffers - black, white, Asian\u2026","That's right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In turn (1), the speaker is asking for clarification on the meaning of the phrase \"put your hat in someone's ring.\" The literal meaning of the turn is that the speaker is asking for a definition of the phrase. However, the implied meaning of the turn is that the speaker is curious about the context in which the phrase is used and wants to understand the implications and nuances of its usage. The turn implies that the speaker is interested in the social and political dynamics that underlie the phrase and wants to gain a deeper understanding of its meaning beyond a simple definition.","questions":"How does turn 0 imply the PersonA's curiosity about the phrase \"put your hat in someone's ring\"?","answer":"Implied"}
{"text":["It was the claim that Clinton had been personally responsible for people's deaths that set off alarm bells for Russell. So he decided to do some fact-checking.","I came to the realization pretty quickly that someone may have been probably lying to me on social media.","It turned out there were many false stories circulating that year. But Russell was skeptical of claims that Russia had anything to do with them until lists of Russian troll accounts began to appear online. He was shocked.","My god, they're right. They're exactly right. What they've been telling me about this is literally happening. I can go look this stuff up. It's right there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : troll accounts implies that the user intentionally spreads misinformation to others","questions":"Which term describes the behavior of the user mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Intentionally"}
{"text":["Good morning, Renee.","First, that citizenship question. In just a matter of days, it's been on, it's been off. Now the president says he wants it on again. What's going on there?","The Supreme Court said last month, you could have it but only with good justification. And the Supreme Court has ruled before that the census is supposed to count everyone and not just citizens, as it has always. Then, the president said yesterday he had four or five ways that he could get this question back on. But executive orders, which were one of the ways he mentioned, do not supersede court orders. So the president is still going to have to have something that pleases the court.","And yesterday, a federal judge in Maryland ordered further discovery in this case, meaning people from Commerce and the Justice Department are going to have to answer questions about this question, where it came from. And yesterday, in court, the lawyers for the administration admitted that, at this point, they don't know what to say.","The president has also been tweeting about another big story, the conditions at Border Patrol detention centers. Yesterday, he said many of the migrants held there were - and I'm quoting - \"living far better now than they were where they came from and in safer conditions. \"I mean, that's not what a report from the Department of Homeland Security's own Office of the Inspector General said this week. It - that report warned about dangerous overcrowding and prolonged detention without proper food or hygiene or laundry facilities - very big difference."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The administration is unsure of how to defend their stance on the citizenship question.","questions":"How is the administration feeling about defending their stance on the citizenship question?","answer":"uncertain"}
{"text":["We argued that six months was way, way too short. You're talking about trying to go into archives, documents, find materials. Unfortunately, this was what was included in the legislation. And we've urged the Polish government to open that deadline - indeed, to open the program to people who never filed claims or for whom no claim - buildings for which no claims were filed.","But the Polish government didn't agree.","Unfortunately not. We're hoping that the Polish government will look again at this issue and make this process easier not only in terms of the deadline but also what documentation is required. Make sure that archives are open and material is accessible because if you have a right and legislation but not the means to enforce it - and particularly for many of the Holocaust survivors and their families, virtually all of whom live outside of Poland, it's very difficult. They don't speak the language. They don't live in the country. To address even the administrative issues is extremely difficult.","And what makes this important, so many years after the terrible events we're talking about - after the crimes we're talking about?","We're facing a situation where, in the next few years, we will be living in a world where there won't be Holocaust survivors. It's a population, obviously, that's very elderly, very sick and passing away very rapidly. So we think it's a matter of justice and morality to address and to conclude this issue before that last of that generation disappears."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : But the Polish government didn't agree.  The implied meaning of B's statement is that the Polish government rejected the suggestion or request made by A and others. They did not agree with the proposed changes or extension mentioned in the previous turn.","questions":"Which government didn't agree?","answer":"Polish"}
{"text":["So tell us what happened on the site last week.","Well I mean, what the culmination of a week of DDoS attacks, you know, it started off on Monday with DDoS attacks. And basically what that means is. . .","Please, go ahead. I was about to ask you what that meant.","Yeah. What happens is, you know, basically they send out little robots. They put robots on computers across the country, which make requests your website, which essentially brings your website down because of an overload of requests. So a DDoS stands for denial of service. And they do that by basically clogging up your arteries, basically, with actual requests from robots that are not regular people, and overwhelming your server."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : DDoS attacks are caused by little robots, not human attackers.","questions":"What caused DDoS attacks?","answer":"Robots"}
{"text":[". . . you see the more segments you have, the more you can twist.","The more you can twist. So we have a bone difference. But the question that intrigued Philippe Gailloud and Fabian de Kok-Mercado was why don't owls get strokes?And Philippe Gailloud actually studies disease caused by artery damage. And so he knows first-hand that in humans, if you tried to turn your head like that, you would damage your blood vessel that would cause a clot and you might get a stroke. And beyond that, let's say that didn't happen, the other problem is that if you twisted your neck that much, your arteries, which bring blood to your brain, important, would be pinched off. So how to the owls get around this?And that's what these researchers looked into this week, and that's what the Video Pick of the Week is about.","Great. So why don't we see dead owls all over the place from turning their neck?","Correct. That's exactly what he said. Why are there not dead owls lying all over the forest for was the way that Dr.  Gailloud puts it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : to put something in this context is to explain something","questions":"Which word did Dr. Gailloud use to describe dead owls in the forest?","answer":"dead"}
{"text":["This ful has more texture. And each ingredient, especially the bits of garlic, really hits the tongue. Helou says this is her favorite ful. And while she was in Syria, she became a regular at Haj Abdo's cafe. Abdo eventually moved to Cairo to escape the Syrian civil war. Helou tried to find him and reconnect.","Well, I asked around because he set up his ful stall there - cafe there. And by the time I found somebody who knew where he was, he had passed.","Well, his recipe lives in your cookbook. That's for sure.","Yeah. It's one of those meals that is basically a pauper's meal but that is absolutely delicious and irresistible."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Despite being a simple and cheap meal, ful is delicious and irresistible","questions":"How would you describe the taste of ful?","answer":"Texture"}
{"text":["There is a level of acceptance for some. So one young woman I met joined the all-women's force after being brutalized by her husband, who was part of ISIS. On the other hand, the women who were foreigners and even the real hardcore last holdouts in the fight against ISIS who are in this town of Baghuz, which had basically an apocalyptic end. They ran out of food. They ran out of water.","And what you see now from the women who were part of that is that all of the crimes of ISIS - you know, enslaving girls, raping women, beheading people on the streets, the hangings - that was not enough really to make them lose confidence in the head of ISIS. But the fact that children whose families belong to ISIS starved to death while leaders had food, that is what's making people very disappointed, very disillusioned, especially the women I've talked to.","Are there people who still support the caliphate despite all that they went through?","Absolutely there are. And in fact, one woman from Egypt I met has four daughters. She was talking about how all they want is to go home, to go back to Egypt, to go back to the parks, to go see relatives. And she said to me, you know, I don't believe in Baghdadi. But I still believe in the caliphate."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The women who joined the all-women's force did so as a result of being abused by their husbands who were part of ISIS.","questions":"What was the reason for some women to join the all-women's force?","answer":"Abuse"}
{"text":["Sort of the intellectual or business father of this. But he himself did not survive. But the practice did survive. And I want to ask for some distinctions here. You have different terms in the book, slaves, indentured servants and what you call free willers. I'm intrigued by the concept of a free willer. Who were they, and what did they get from essentially putting themselves in servitude?","Well, that's what they got. They put themselves in servitude. They were desperate. They were poor people or people who didn't have enough money to pay for the trip to America. They wanted a new life. They hoped that they would get one in America. And so they signed themselves away, their freedoms away, as indentured servants to pay for their passage. And that would be for anything between three and 11 years, usually. Now most of them, initially, didn't survive more than a couple of years.","The first - the average, I think, lifespan of a new indentured servant in the 1620s was probably two years. So these were - they were called at the time free willers because they went of their free will, and so many others didn't go of their free will. They were sent there. They were sent there in chains. They were sentenced to go there. They weren't free at all. Well, nor were these people. So that's the free willers. They are indentured servants.","What about the relationship of the white indentured servants to the African or African-descendant slaves?How did they get along, and how did the people who were essentially their masters treat them differently, if they did?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The 'free willers' were actually indentured servants who sold their freedoms in exchange for a trip to America.","questions":"How did the 'free willers' become indentured servants?","answer":"Freedoms"}
{"text":["Meaning it has a comparably sized economy.","It means it has a comparably sized economy. It is narrowing the gap - military gap - especially in the Western Pacific, where it is using asymmetric tactics that can offset things like our aircraft carriers. China is also an education leader. It is becoming a technological leader. And it's the world's biggest trading nation.","So China is on the move all over the world. And the U. S. -China relationship is not anymore just Beijing to Washington. It's being measured in Africa, in South America, at both poles, in cyberspace and outer space.","And is it becoming a more adversarial relationship now because of China's growth, because it suddenly is big enough to really challenge the United States?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : CHINA IS GOING TO BE COMPETITION AS FAR AS IT'S ADVANCEMENTS IN THEIR ECONOMY","questions":"Which country is becoming a technological leader?","answer":"China"}
{"text":["These Special Forces and SEAL veterans, Navy SEAL veterans - they deployed on a mission to kill the leader of the Aden branch of Al-Islah. And Al-Islah, as I write, is a very important political party in Yemen. It's an Islamist party, but it's not viewed in the wider world as a terrorist group. Nonetheless, the UAE, as we write, hired this company to kill this local political leader, this Islamist leader.","The UAE and Saudi Arabia are leading the war in Yemen against rebels in Yemen, and they have U. S.  support. Now, you suggest in the story that somebody in this group was a member of the active military, don't you?","A reservist - he was a reservist, and he was a SEAL reservist. He was at that level of command, one of the nation's best, most highly trained. And he was still - you know, technically, he had a top-secret clearance, sources told us, even when he was doing this very strange, unique, unprecedented mission, as far as we know.","I guess I'm among those Americans who just assume that that had to be illegal, that U. S.  citizens couldn't do that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : SEAL refers to as and implies an organization and not a closure ","questions":"Which term refers to an organization in the dialogue?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["So, you know, so I think that all those things have - there's just been a confluence of just, you know, just a cynicism, I think.","So, will Michael Phelps be the person who emerges as the American with the greatest number of gold medals and, you know, sort of the Mark Spitz of the new millennium?","Well, you know, they were kind of hyping that last time, too. And don't be surprised. You might think that, from our standpoint - our meaning the United States and marketing - people would love to say, well, who's the American who's going to kind of put us on the marketing tip?And I think that that's part of the problem, too, Tony, is that we're focus - we want Michael Phelps to win because there's marketing, where - you've got a lot of Chinese swimmers, man, who are just waiting to ambush Phelps. So, on paper, it looks kind of good, but who knows?Allyson Felix may be the American who emerges as sort of the star and the salvation of our hopes over there.","Well, the race with Tyson Gay and - God, I'm kind of blocking on the name of the other runner who's the fastest man in the world at the moment - that ought to be pretty interesting."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A suggests that Michael Phelps winning is not guaranteed and marketing is not the only factor in determining the star athlete.","questions":"What is PersonA's concern about the focus on Michael Phelps?","answer":"Marketing"}
{"text":["Why?","Because it's like they don't have an agenda. They are just naturally funny.","I see a little boy break a grown man down so bad, one time, in the mall. We was in the sunglass department. The man tried on the sunglasses, he put the glasses on, he looked down at the little boy, he said, how these look?Little boy looked at him, he said, \"They look good, now all you got to do is get your teeth fixed. \"","Kids don't have an agenda. They just say what they see and then old people they just tell the truth. So - so, you know. I live in South Florida. And where I live is a predominantly retirement community. And one day, you know, how the new - the new fashion thing is your bra strap shows. You know, you could wear like a tube top and you have a fashion bra-bra, fashionable bra one. So I'm standing in line at the post office and this old lady taps me on the shoulder, she goes, sweetheart, your bra is showing.","And I look at her like, but it's pink. So I love that. I love people that are like generally funny and just on it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Kids and old people are funny because they speak truthfully and without agenda","questions":"Which two kinds of people are generally funny according to A?","answer":"Kidsandoldpeople"}
{"text":["The law now differs whether the gun being purchased is a handgun or what is broadly defined as a long gun. So the law is that if it's a handgun, you need to be 21. But long guns - rifles, shotguns and assault-style rifles included - that's 18. And after Parkland, where the perpetrator was 19 and legally purchased an assault-style rifle, there has been a call to raise that minimum age for assault-style rifles and all long guns.","What about arming teachers?What changes to the law would be required?","That gets complex. We do have the Gun-Free School Zones Act, which was signed with the first President Bush. But it allows for some discretion at the state and local level. And some states allow individual districts to set their own policies. And so we at The Trace of reported on districts in Ohio that allow certain designated teachers and other school staff members to access guns. Texas is another state where that happens. So, in fact, there are some states where there are guns in schools accessible to some teachers and staff members.","Have there been gun laws that have been rolled back by the Trump administration?","The big picture under Trump is that not much has changed, which is interesting because Trump had such strong backing from the National Rifle Association. And they have two big priorities. One is something called concealed carry reciprocity. And the upshot is that if you have a license to carry a concealed gun in your home state, every other state would have to honor that license and vice versa. That does pass the House in December - not taken up by the Senate."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Changes to laws regarding arming teachers are complex and vary at the state and local levels.","questions":"How do laws regarding arming teachers vary?","answer":"varies"}
{"text":["His team had not made the playoff for three years, and his defense was awful. Now, you could say, Mike Shanahan, he's supposed to be good at offense. But as the head coach, it's your responsibility. And also, Mike Shanahan was the GM, the general manager of his team. So he was in charge of picking all the players.","Sometimes, when a coach is both the GM and the coach, an owner will say, we're going to strip you of that GM responsibility, and the coach usually chafes. A famous coach, Bill Parcells, once likened it to, they want me to cook the food, but they won't let me buy the groceries.","Romeo Crennel had about a three-sentence statement about his firing. He was the former coach of the Browns. One of the sentences was this. It says it all. I did not win enough games. So I must move on. That's it.","I wonder if Leo Tolstoy could have written that."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Referring about Leo Tolstoy work reference from Romeo Crennel's statement.","questions":"Which author?","answer":"Tolstoy"}
{"text":["And you actually crossed a few lanes of traffic to get out there and check it out.","Yeah.","What did it feel like to be in that no man's land?","Yeah. I know, I felt like Robinson Crusoe. I felt like some postmodern Vasco da Gama, I don't know. The idea to go into this place - obviously completely ludicrous 'cause no one would go across these lanes of traffic, which travel at quite a speed. And so of course I pretended to be like from the Council or some person in authority, you know, classifying the shrubbery. You know, I did my little faux survey and then escaped. But yeah, what a strange feeling and available to all of us 'cause we've all got these places around where we live."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : there are no turns in this conversation. whose actual meaning are different from their literal meanings. all of the turn are being used in a straight forward and literal meaning.","questions":"Which turn in the conversation is being referred to as having a literal meaning?","answer":"all"}
{"text":["So you get a sense of how this whole thing is going. Obviously, we should then inject alcohol into the situation. For his new show, Brad spent some time around Austin, Texas. So to cap off the visit, we made a cocktail - a paloma made out of a spirit called sotol, distilled from a plant that grows in the Texas desert.","All right. So first up. . .","Yeah.",". . . We're going to mix it with a little grapefruit. OK, I'm going to make a little grapefruit juice."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"inject alcohol into the situation\" - this is an idiomatic expression and does not actually mean injecting alcohol into something. It means to add alcohol to a situation to make it more fun or relaxed.","questions":"How does injecting alcohol into the situation make it more enjoyable?","answer":"Relaxed"}
{"text":["You know, that's a really great question. Our book hit No. 3 on the New York Times bestseller list on Wednesday. And here I am having written this book and stepping into a different version of, you know, women's rights feminist icon. And it's something I'm really proud of because I had to really educate myself on what I believe to be true.","And so I - I don't know. I think that recreating a person's identity is happening on the daily. And I - for me - I want to keep breaking free from all of these identities and get down to that last one, which is human. And I hope that people out there feel the same way because we are all the same matter.","That soccer star Abby Wambach.","Abby, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B: \"That soccer star Abby Wambach\" - This turn has a literal meaning as it refers to the actual identity of the person being mentioned.","questions":"How does the turn \"That soccer star Abby Wambach\" contribute to the dialogue?","answer":"Identity"}
{"text":["All right, Mario. We have to jump in. RushmoreDrive. Give me the skinny.","OK, RushmoreDrive. The skinny is this is a black search engine. And I think it's time for a black search engine. The answer is going - the question is going to be whether or not this will be successful due to advertising. The Pew Internet says that 56 percent of African-Americans now use the Internet, so is there really a need for a black search engine?I put in \"Farai Chideya. \"I was able to see news about you, videos, your blog posts, images. . .","Scary!","It's comprehensive. It's clean. Hey, you're all over the place, what can I say?I think there's a real need for this. The issue is going to be whether or not they can market it right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is affirming that the black search engine is comprehensive and useful, but the real challenge will be to market it effectively.","questions":"What is the challenge for the black search engine?","answer":"Marketing"}
{"text":["And Gina Perra(ph) in San Mateo, California sent us this. \"I'm a 52-year-old white person, and this is one of my favorite shows. So if you think that this show has, quote, limited appeal, think again. Please cancel something else. \"","And finally, Joe Bennett in Dallas, Texas chimed in with this. \"I'm very disappointed that of all the shows that could be canceled, News & Notes was. It's the only one that is specifically addressing the concerns of African-Americans. As an American with African heritage, I think it is very important to have my issues addressed on the air waves. I'm sure that you will say that the other shows address these issues. However, I disagree in the format in which they do. More often than not, it is addressed not from the African-American perspective. \"","And that's it for letters. Thank you so much for your letters and love this week. Please keep your thoughts coming over the next few months.","To write to us, just log on to npr. org and click on Contact Us. When you get there, you'll see lots of shows to choose from. Make sure you pick News & Notes when you write to us, and keep writing to us. We're here with you for three more months."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : when Joe Bennett says \"I'm sure that you will say that the other shows address these issues. However, I disagree in the format in which they do,\" he implies that the other shows may address issues that affect African Americans, but not in a way that is satisfactory or effective.","questions":"How does Joe Bennett feel about the way other shows address issues that affect African Americans?","answer":"Disagree"}
{"text":["Now here we are 15 years later. Let's talk about the restructuring efforts that are going on in Rwanda now.","Yeah.","Describe that.","I actually had a chance to be back there this last summer. I was just really impressed. I met with some of my old friends and some new ones. There was a gentleman and his wife who'd been hiding in one of the orphanages that I was bringing food and water to, three months in this tiny little room, six of them, and he's now a high court judge. She's deputy director of Ombudsman, and this Ombudsman program is just huge as far as I'm concerned."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : saying that the ombudsman program is just as big","questions":"How would you describe the size of the Ombudsman program?","answer":"Huge"}
{"text":["They have. About 40-plus have gone, probably as we talk, a number of them have left.","He's not considered a good candidate to lead the party to victory in a general election, I gather.","No, no, he's not. The leadership's come to him very late in life. He's a poor communicator. And that makes it very difficult to win over votes. He excites a section of Britain young people who will turn out in their thousands for his rallies and his meet and. . .","They feel the Bern.","They feel the Bern. The comparisons, again, you can see parallels between what is happening in Britain with what is happening in America. And they're not false. They're not invented.","Kevin Maguire of the Daily Mirror who joined us on Skype, thanks very much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : The situation in Britain is similar to that in the United States, with many people showing support for the candidate.","questions":"What is the commonality between the political climate in Britain and the United States?","answer":"commonality"}
{"text":["At some point, it does cross your mind and you do worry about contracting the illness, but there are only fleeting moments. We have to concentrate on the patients here to provide them with appropriate medical care, but also to make sure our outreach program of finding cases, of following up of contacts is performed in a comprehensive manner so that we can bring this outbreak to a close.","I don't want to the leave the conversation with you without asking what can the world do as far as you're concerned?","We need an organization that can provide some leadership across multiple countries in the region of West Africa. To date, we have not seen that occurring. And if we don't find the cases in the community, and we don't do the contact tracing, this outbreak will linger on for months and months. Solving outbreaks is not rocket science. It just requires those features I have described previously. But unfortunately, they're not being applied in an appropriate manner at the moment to reach the world.","Dr.  Gabriel Fitzpatrick of Doctors Without Borders - Medecins Sans Frontieres. Thanks very much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2).  In this turn, B says \"I don't want to leave the conversation with you without asking what can the world do as far as you're concerned?\" which literally means that B wants to know what the world can do to help. However, the implied meaning here is that B is acknowledging the gravity of the situation and the need for collective action to address the Ebola outbreak. This turn is an example of rhetorical questioning, where the speaker asks a question for effect rather than to elicit a direct answer.","questions":"How did PersonB express the need for collective action to address the Ebola outbreak?","answer":"Rhetorical"}
{"text":["I'm great. So, what excites you?I mean, it's a huge accomplishment to coach this team. And what excites you about this year's Olympic Games?","We have a fantastic team. You know, naturally, the team isn't picked yet and everyone will go through Olympic trials. But whoever comes out in the top three, they will represent this country to the highest degree. I'm sure it will be a balance of our veterans and our up-and-coming athletes. And they did very well last year in the world championship. And I'm looking forward to seeing the U. S. A.  do very well in Beijing.","What does it take - you're an Olympian, a medal-wining Olympian. What does it take to have, not just the skill, but the heart to get a medal in the Olympics?","You know, it takes a lot of sacrifice, you know?Many times the athletes have, they've done a lot of competition, of course. From age-group track & field, through high school, and if they attended college, it takes a lot of dedication, a lot of sacrifice, and a lot of focus. You know, a lot of times, you know, sometimes they can get distracted. But the ones that you see, the cream of the crop that you see at the Olympic Games are extremely focused and dedicated athletes."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The coach is confident in the team's abilities for the Olympics.","questions":"How does the coach feel about the team's potential in the Olympics?","answer":"Balance"}
{"text":["And in most car journeys, he'd be playing me music and reciting poetry. So it was really extraordinary being a daughter of such a man.","Rebecca, I mentioned earlier how I grew up in a very religious family. I don't go to church that much anymore. Actually, I don't go at all. So I'm wondering, for you, where is your faith now?Do you still have it?","No one's asked me that question (laughter). I would say that one of the things I expected from this book was that it would lay some ghosts for me, and I think it has. I still cannot open the Bible without hearing the sound of those men using scriptures almost like rapiers with each other. They knew the Bible inside out, so they would use one scripture to trump another. And it was all men locking horns, you know. So it's hard for me not to see the Bible full of words that have been used for warfare, if you like.","And yeah, I've been surprised at the effect on me of writing the book and also of the many, many people who have written to me, ex-Brethren - I would say 70 or 80 by now - beautiful letters from elderly people writing to me to say, the Brethren was a terrible thing. We all lived through it - and telling me their stories but saying, I came to find a kinder God and kinder Christians outside. And I've been really moved by how much people have wanted me to know about their kinder God."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of the question is whether Rebecca still holds faith in her religious upbringing and if she has found a different source of faith. ","questions":"How has Rebecca's perception of the Bible been influenced by her experiences with the Brethren?","answer":"Warfare"}
{"text":["If you thought the fight over the FBI's Russia investigation couldn't get any more contentious, this past week, of course, it did. The White House has refused to declassify a competing Democratic memo that challenges claims made by the Republicans alleging bias and abuse in the FBI. President Trump had given the OK to release the GOP memo. Both documents are products of infighting within the House intelligence committee. Jamil Jaffer was a lawyer in the White House under President George W.  Bush. And he was senior counsel to the House intel committee. He joins us from Colorado today. Welcome to the program.","Thanks. Good to be here, Lulu.","You've called this a, quote, \"massive strategic miscalculation on the part of the White House. \"Why?","Look. I mean, part of the challenge here is the president is alleging that there was massive corruption at the FBI, at the Justice Department - an attempt to engage in political surveillance. And by allowing one side's memo to come out - the House Republicans' memo to come out - without releasing the House Democrats' memo, it plays into that partisan narrative. And as a result, it discredits the ability to make the point that there was - whether there was or was not, in fact, problems with the FBI."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The White House made a mistake by not releasing the Democratic memo, which may discredit their claims of FBI corruption.","questions":"Which memo challenges the Republicans' claims of bias and abuse in the FBI?","answer":"Democratic."}
{"text":["Well, responses have ranged from one person who said Biden was a great pick to another who said Obama made a terrible decision. But it's interesting, Joe Biden was the top choice of our unscientific online poll. We asked who Obama should pick as his VP, and 40 percent of all respondents chose him. So despite how people feel about Biden, I think a lot of people assumed that Obama would pick him. And Hillary Clinton interestingly was the second choice.","Really?As we get close - well, not closer to the convention, we are at the convention now - have you noticed an increase in the online traffic?Because I know people have really been paying attention. But now that we're here, are they really into it?","They are really into it. And everyone has an opinion. And everyone wants to make their opinion known. And that's just what they're doing.","Now, what are some of the things that we're going to be looking forward to, that our bloggers can look forward to on our website this week as part of our convention coverage?","Well, through npr. org, we have complete convention schedule so people know when to set their TiVos. We also have profiles of all the key Democratic players and we're also going to pose photo feeds from the convention floor. This morning, Michelle Obama was getting ready to make her speech and she was testing out the mics. And so we have some photos of that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite mixed feelings about Joe Biden, many assumed Obama would choose him as his VP.","questions":"Which VP candidate was chosen by Obama despite mixed feelings?","answer":"Biden"}
{"text":["So the legislation you're pushing for would require anyone with a sex trafficking conviction to register as an offender in New Mexico. A similar bill recently failed in the state Legislature. Do you think that the Epstein case and the attention that it's getting will flip some votes?Do you think the bill is more likely to pass now?","I think the Epstein case - if there is only one positive that comes from this matter, it's that there will be more awareness that human trafficking and child trafficking is everywhere in every community, and any community can be exploited. It's appalling that the Legislature did not give this bill one hearing last year, much less consider the reform. I think the Epstein case will bring considerable amount of awareness on this issue and the real need to better protect children.","Epstein has not faced charges in New Mexico, but I understand that your office is interviewing people about what took place on his ranch. What can you tell us about that?","We do have an active investigation. We are meeting with survivors and victims involved in that matter. I'm very concerned that there definitely was a course of conduct here in New Mexico within our borders and that we don't leave any stone unturned. And we're also going to be forwarding any federal evidence to the federal authorities in New York."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There is concern that there was illegal activity on Epstein's ranch in New Mexico and the investigation will be thorough","questions":"Which state is the focus of the active investigation on Epstein's ranch?","answer":"New-Mexico"}
{"text":["You know, the study that came out I think is scaring people in thinking that you're going to have to through like a two year master program to learn how to have black kids, if you're white parents. And it's honestly, you could probably knock it out in two hours. It's really not that difficult, there's a few things that you should know. And bringing your kids up in a diverse neighborhood is the most important of that.","And then, you know, if you have friends that are the same race of your kids, you just, you ask them for questions, and it's helpful to have them as a resource, it's something you definitely want to keep next to you when you're raising your kids.","My sister and I made my parents cooler by bringing in some color to the Stigger family. And that's the benefit of it. It is a little more work as parent, but you get so much more out of it. And it definitely helped me and my sister to have the viewpoints of two white people and still have the viewpoints of us as biracial kids.","If you were talking to someone who was, you know, say 10-years-old, what kind of advice would you give that age a person for dealing with an experience like yours?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : black kids implies children of African American people and not black colored kids ","questions":"What kind of kids are implied by \"black kids\" in turn 0?","answer":"African"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Secretary of State John Kerry has joined world diplomats in Geneva today in hopes of reaching an initial agreement to freeze Iran's nuclear program. His arrival suggests a deal may be within reach this weekend, but it's still not there yet. NPR's Peter Kenyon is in Geneva and joins us now. Peter, thanks so much for being with us.","Hi, Scott.","So, how do we read the tea leaves on this?The talks were supposed to finish yesterday, but now the secretary of state has flown all the way across the Atlantic to join them.","Well, it should be a positive sign, although the very latest comments from British Foreign Secretary William Hague are along the lines, well, the gaps are narrow but they're important and not easy to resolve. So, I think your point that we're not there yet is still very much in play. But I think there's also a high-level presence, which means there's a growing sense of urgency about wrapping up these talks. I mean, this is supposed to be the easy part - a six-month deal that's entirely reversible in just about every respect if something doesn't go right. So, hammering out a lasting comprehensive deal is going to be much harder than this. And if this one takes too long to negotiate, there's a fear the whole diplomatic enterprise could just collapse under pressure. We've already heard from both parties in Congress that more sanctions may come up next month if these talks fail. So, I'd say there is a feeling of some kind of a deadline. Maybe not this weekend but soon."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the phrase \"read the tea leaves\" is an idiomatic expression meaning to interpret or analyze a situation for signs or indications of what might happen. It implies trying to understand the current state of affairs or predict the outcome of the situation.","questions":"How does the phrase \"read the tea leaves\" relate to the dialogue?","answer":"Interpret"}
{"text":["Do you have to be a certain kind of person in order to do this and do it well and get satisfaction from it?","You know what?I don't think so. I think that it could just be anybody. Anybody that genuinely wants to - that inner feeling of just feeling complete and feeling loved, basically. When you feel the love with - inside, then ultimately, it's easier to kind of give to other people and to do this type of work, and I think it's a component that we're all built with.","You've done it for ten years, can you do it for ten more?","Absolutely. Absolutely."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : You have done this challenging job for 10 years so do you have the energy\/desire to do it for 10 more?","questions":"How long has PersonA been doing the challenging job?","answer":"Ten"}
{"text":["They have. But I think that there was a difference. The Democrats, for example, voted in overwhelming numbers for the DREAM Act, which was blocked by the Republican Party. A bill was introduced for comprehensive immigration reform. The Democrats voted overwhelmingly for it. It was blocked by the Republicans.","When we say comprehensive immigration reform, what two or three things do you think constitute that?","Well, I think that we need a way for the 11 million people who are in this country to legalize a status and earn their way to citizenship. I think we need to come up with a system where the immigrants of the future can come to this country in a safe, legal and orderly manner, instead of having to walk through the desert and putting their lives in jeopardy.","When crossing the border illegally."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) Implies an acknowledgement of the dangerous risks taken when crossing the border illegally.","questions":"Which aspect of illegal border crossing is acknowledged in turn 3?","answer":"Crossing"}
{"text":["Look. We - no - we have low-skilled workers who come to this country all the time. . .","Low skills is different than no skills.",". . . Well, low skill - that's what the chief was talking about. We're talking about bringing in the best and brightest from around the world. That's not what is occurring now. But let's not pretend for a second we have a mean, heartless immigration policy. We have the most generous immigration policy in the world. So to pretend as though, somehow, we're closing off to the world is just ridiculous. What this president and what the chief of staff was talking about is we want people in this country who have a lot to offer the United States, who are the best and the brightest. And right now our immigration system as such - we don't get that.","I'm afraid I got to come back to the McCain question one more time because, you know, we wouldn't keep asking it if someone in the White House would say, look. I wish it hadn't happened. He's a great American. He's given great service to the country. He might be in his last days. Let's just shut down this controversy and say, thank you for everything you've done for America. But why won't the White House say that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The US immigration policy should bring in the best and brightest from around the world","questions":"Which group of people should the US immigration policy bring in?","answer":"Best"}
{"text":["Several of them. I mean, Espanola had only 14 individuals left in the 1960s, and then it was 12 females and two males. A third male was found in the San Diego Zoo and brought back to Galapagos (unintelligible) 1975. And there have now been about 2,000 young tortoises released back to that island through the reproduction program at the tortoise center here on Santa Cruz.","The same holds true for several of the other populations. I would say many of the populations are out of danger. But we're still, given the exploitation from the 1800s, the total tortoise population of Galapagos is still about 10 to 20 percent of the original population. So we have a long way to go to bring them back to the original populations.","A couple of questions tweeted and asked by listeners of the same ilk, saying: Would it be possible to clone him?","OK, this is an interesting thing, and we are trying to save some of Lonesome George's tissues, cells. Cloning in reptiles has really not been developed at all, and we're doing - a few mammals seem to be doing OK, but in general the technology, the methodology to actually clone reptiles is decades away.","So hopefully they will be able to maintain cells as in cryogenics, and who knows in the future, but at the moment, it would be impossible."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"released back to that island through the reproduction program\" - This implies that young tortoises were bred in captivity and then reintroduced to the wild on the island of Espanola to increase the population, rather than just physically released.","questions":"How were young tortoises released back to the island of Espanola? (Answer: through a reproduction program)","answer":"Reproduction"}
{"text":["Thank you very much for having me.","Can you describe the scene for us in Sana'a now?","The situation in Sana'a at the moment is very insecure and unpredictable. It's very scary, obviously, because the airstrikes come at any time. And now with the fuel crisis that's going on, Yemen is a country that is basically based all its - basics let's say from importing - the food, the fuel, the wheat - everything comes importing and talking about the main things that would allow the people to be alive. And now at the borders - the blockade in the borders - this is creating a huge catastrophe that is ahead of us at the moment.","Oxfam had been pushing to end the fighting, at least to get these shipments into the country. Are you worried about future shipments?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Can you describe the scene for us in Sana'a now?\" - The literal meaning is asking the interviewee to provide a verbal description of the current situation in Sana'a. The actual meaning may also imply that the interviewer wants to get a firsthand account of the situation from someone who is there.","questions":"What did Oxfam push for?","answer":"Fighting"}
{"text":["So what I've heard today is that the attack that was feared has begun. The Kurds are already moving people to try to defend their positions against the Turkish tankers. And that raises the problem that worries me most, which is that the ISIS prisoners who are being held are - about 11,000 of them, I'm told - could begin to escape, posing a whole new security problem for the U. S.  and all of its allies.","I'm going to talk about the implications of that in a bit. But first, I want to walk through some of the various players in this conflict and their objectives. First, Turkey - what do they hope to gain from this move?","Turkey has said for many months now that it wants a security corridor in northern Syria. It has deep animosity toward the Syrian Kurdish group known as the YPG, which it says is part of the PKK. Forgive all the initials. But these are - they're Kurdish nationalist groups, and the Turks claim that they're terrorists, that they've attacked and killed Turks. So they want the security corridor.","The problem is that the Turks, in trying to take the zone, risk destabilizing an area where security was won at great cost by the Syrian Kurdish militia known as the Syrian Democratic Forces, aided by U. S.  Special Forces. So there's fear that this area will just descend into chaos quickly as the Turkish troops come in."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People are not playing a game but taking part in a military conflict.","questions":"Which group is at risk of losing their hard-won security in northern Syria due to the Turkish attack?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["Thank you. Thanks for having me.","Now, the books were released on inauguration day. I don't know if that was significant or not. Tell us if it was and what inspired these collections?","Well, these collections I have been thinking about for a long time. I've been talking about it with my agent for sometime about doing something like this. The big fear was that, no publisher would be that interested in it because they wouldn't think the collection could be sustained over a period of time doing it every year. But Bantam believed it and so Bantam, we ultimately made a deal with Bantam to do it. The date wasn't really significant. I mean, the date turned out to be significant but we had set the date a long time before and we were just hoping that Obama would win so the date would really have some significance but it was all an accident. It turned out well though.","Now, you're going to - we've had anthologies before obviously. But the new thing about this anthology is that you're going to try to publish it annually. How difficult do you think that is likely to be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The books were released on inauguration day may have been significant","questions":"Which day were the books released?","answer":"Inauguration"}
{"text":["And one more email.","And one more email, yeah. And it was quite literally the last email that I opened. And the email said, basically, Dear, Mr.  Feuer. Ever since I saw your story on the other Alan Feuer one year ago, I've been meaning to get in touch with you. I didn't want to do so while Alan was alive. Now, that he has passed away, would you like to know the truth about his background?","Well, you know, she - this woman who was, in fact, Alan's step niece. So, you know, imagine a, you know, a niece coming in by second marriage essentially. She went on to kind of flash out the family relationships, and she told me that while this life of grand society that I, in fact, had witnessed myself was absolutely true, the sort of back story that Alan had held up - Austrian blue blood, you know, mother live too long - all these stuff was, in fact, not true. And she said that, you know, if I wanted to get in touch with her, she would tell me, in fact, what the truth was. So I got in touch with her.","And this is a story of a man not from Austria but, in fact, born in Brooklyn and raised in Westchester?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The story of Alan's life is not as it was originally portrayed.","questions":"Which person's background was not true?","answer":"Alan"}
{"text":["One option for mothers who feel they aren't able to properly raise a child is to surrender their infants anonymously. So-called safe-haven laws let moms give up their children at local hospitals, police and fire stations without legal consequence. They're intended as a way to save babies from grim fates. Pete Pircsh is a state senator in Nebraska.","2004, a 2-day-old infant was abandoned in a canal near the Elkhorn River in Norfolk. The baby had been dead for about two days at the time it was discovered. In 2007, a woman found a baby boy abandoned in a tote bag between a trash bin and a discarded TV, and there are other incidents like that.","This summer, Nebraska became the last state in the nation to pass a safe-haven law, and theirs is a bit different. Pirsch wrote an amendment to the bill that says children as old as 19 can be left at safe havens. Most states only allow parents to drop off their children if they're less than a year old.","If they're on the point where they, out of frustration or anger, may actually injure the child, then this is a vastly superior system to set up because it will take the child from that position of danger and place him into a safe environment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Nebraska's safe-haven law allows children up to the age of 19 to be left at safe havens.","questions":"How old can children be left at safe havens in Nebraska?","answer":"19"}
{"text":["So it's sort of the end of era, then, for all of us who have seen him and visited the Galapagos and got to watch him poke around a little bit. It's sort of the end of an era.","It is definitely the end of an era, and everyone down here on last Sunday, when we got the news, it was a very difficult time for all of us both for the individual Lonesome George and for the fact that we lost this subspecies forever.","It also was an interesting thing here because it kind of reinforced the importance of the work we do and the future and trying to ensure that no other species or subspecies are lost in Galapagos. And the timing itself is interesting, as we have an international workshop planned for next week that is convened by the Galapagos National Park and part-organized by Galapagos Conservancy to discuss the tortoise situation on all of the islands and look at the next 10 years of research and management leading to better tortoise population restoration throughout the archipelago.","Have you been able to restore the populations to any extent?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"it kind of reinforced the importance of the work we do and the future and trying to ensure that no other species or subspecies are lost in Galapagos.\" This turn has a metaphorical meaning. It means that the death of Lonesome George highlighted the significance of preserving endangered species and preventing their extinction.","questions":"Which species did the workshop convened by the Galapagos National Park and Galapagos Conservancy discuss?","answer":"Tortoises"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","But - so in any event, do you really want to put yourself on the side of people that cut even 3 percent from the Meals on Wheels budget?","Well, from a political standpoint, you're right. But this is the problem for whatever the not-left-of-center crew is, now that it's gotten so diverse in the era of Trump is - who's going to talk about how it works?Back to repealing Obamacare, there is a method going forward that works. It involves using tax credits to let people shop. And their choices drive down prices and create more products that they want to buy. But no one's talk about that because you're trapped in this Trump gravitational conversational field.","Well, we'll have you back. We have to cut the conversation short. Michael Graham is podcast editor for The Weekly Standard."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Actual meaning: A is pointing out the lack of discussion and attention given to a potential solution to a problem due to the dominance of the Trump-related discourse. Literal meaning: A is discussing a method of repealing Obamacare that involves tax credits and encourages consumer choice.","questions":"What is the method that PersonA is discussing for repealing Obamacare?","answer":"Tax"}
{"text":["Now, that's something that would be the kind of final explanation if we could rule out everything else, and of course the big job is ruling out everything else. So in our paper we have a number of possibilities, but again, none of them are easy. None of them are simple.","So if you wanted to have ordinary dark matter that has no stickiness, you would have to come up with some very convoluted mechanism for removing this cold dark matter from the galaxies that it loves so much. I mean, it just loves hanging out with these galaxies, doesn't want to let go of them under the cold, collision-less dark matter theory, which is our main theory that I think we all accept.","Yeah, but if you stick with the stickiness idea, then you have to give up the other ideas, that you think you know what dark matter is.","Yeah, so we actually don't know what dark matter really is. These are all theories. Dark matter is not part of our standard model of physics. The standard model accounts for protons and electrons and neutrons. But one of the things that's really exciting about dark matter, that makes it one of the deepest mysteries of the cosmos, is that we know - we are pretty sure that dark matter is not part of the standard model."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"But one of the things that's really exciting about dark matter, that makes it one of the deepest mysteries of the cosmos...\" Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing enthusiasm about the intriguing nature of dark matter, highlighting its status as one of the most profound mysteries in the universe. The actual meaning is not that dark matter is exciting in a literal sense, but rather that it presents a captivating and puzzling scientific inquiry.","questions":"How does the speaker describe dark matter's nature?","answer":"Puzzling"}
{"text":["Yeah, he's a great story, absolutely. Another great story, though, before I let you get away from here is Mike Tomlin, headed to the Super Bowl, in what, his second, third year as a coach?That's pretty impressive.","Oh, yeah, yeah. I mean, I think Jim said this is not just he's his brother, but that, you know, his kind is - he leads a group of very young coaches, and I think in front of our eyes we've seen this transformation from the sort of old, recycled guys to all these young bloods with a lot of perk and energy.","You know, the Rooney Rule that Jim Brown made reference to with Art Rooney hiring, the Rooney family hiring Mike Tomlin, this is an example of, give a brother a chance and some good things can happen.","Yeah. We need a Rooney Rule on the media, Tony. Of course, we'll get to that next month, but. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : We need more people to hire black people in the media.","questions":"What is the suggested solution to increase diversity in the media industry?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["And so in my defense perhaps, you know, overly defensive, I said Anne(ph), just because some Negro preacher, got his hand caught in a cookie jar, that's not my problem. She said I can't believe you. I said, well, he wouldn't have been indicted if he wasn't guilty. She said, what?","So, how did it get to the point where you got on the bus, so to speak?","His secretary, Dora McDonald called back and said, oh, Mr.  Jones \u2014 I never met her, I heard her over the phone \u2014 she says, you know, Dr.  King, he enjoyed so much his visit with you. He's a guest preacher over in Los Angeles, and he wanted you to come and see him and hear him preach on Sunday. And so, after I got the message, I told my wife verbatim what the message was from Dora McDonald. And her reaction, again, she went on the offensive. She says, well, you may not be going to Montgomery, but you are going to that church.","So, I go this church of Reverend H. B. Charles, I think that's the name of the church, and I go into this church. I'm sitting there about the 25th row and so forth, and Dr.  King gets up after he's introduced, and he gets up and he says, brothers and sisters, the text of my sermon today is the role and responsibility of a Negro professional to aid our less fortunate people who are struggling in the South."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"the role and responsibility of a Negro professional to aid our less fortunate people who are struggling in the South\" - This statement implies that the speaker is discussing the responsibility of educated African-Americans to help those in need in the Southern United States. The literal meaning is the topic of Dr. King's sermon.","questions":"Which group of people does Dr. King refer to as \"our less fortunate people\"?","answer":"Less-fortunate"}
{"text":["So are there other criticisms of her leadership that are not related to Brexit?","Oh, absolutely. There are vast criticisms of her leadership. Austerity is the single biggest criticism. It doesn't have popularity in many quarters anymore. But in terms of whether the criticism is balanced or gendered or, you know, this - a lot of people will say this has nothing to do with gender. Well, you have to remember 2017, the Daily Mail front page - Theresa May and Nicola Sturgeon, who is the first minister for Scotland, and the front page of The Daily Mail said never mind Brexit, what about Legs-it. And it had a picture of the two women and comparing who had the better legs. So there is no way in which that is an ungendered criticism.","Have criticisms of Prime Minister May evolved over the course of Brexit?","Absolutely. So though she was not considered to be doing a brilliant job from the outset, there was a kind of national feeling that gosh, she was doing probably as well as most people could do. And then of course, the men who stepped back to give her power started circling again to take back power at the moment that it starts to seem like we might be moving towards Brexit, the outcome they want, or not moving towards it. And at that point, the language really, really shifted. And it stepped up. And you had people briefing against her."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), when A says \"the men who stepped back to give her power started circling again to take back power,\" the actual meaning is that male politicians who initially supported May as Prime Minister began to undermine her leadership when it appeared that Brexit was moving in a direction they did not want. The language used against her became harsher and more aggressive.","questions":"What started happening when it appeared that Brexit was moving in a direction male politicians did not want?","answer":"Undermining"}
{"text":["Confrontation between the two sides is always a risk. And there has been military confrontation between the United States and the Islamic Republic since the conception of the Islamic Republic, whether it was takeover of the American embassy, whether it was the bombing of the Marine barracks in Lebanon and, most recently, of course in terms of targeting American military personnel in Iraq. So that's the reality of the situation - that United States and Iran have always coexisted in a measure of a low-intensity conflict. However, both sides have always walked back from the brink in terms of total war, and I suspect it will be that way in this case as well.","So who blinks to get the two sides to the negotiating table, given that the rhetoric has been increasing; the violence has increased over the last month?How do they get out of this cycle?","Well, they were both heading toward the negotiations, and I think for the Iranians, a certain narrative of success was being established that could have served as a prelude to negotiations. Now comes again a series of American sanctions and Iranian responses.","Both sides at some point will get to their narrative of success. Iranians will suggest that they have withstood the American pressure and, therefore, they're prepared to talk. And the president has always been willing to talk without any conditions at any time. Then the Trump administration will also suggest that their policy of maximum pressure works. So at one point, when both sides declare victory, that's usually a prelude to the talks."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"narrative of success\" is a phrase that means a story or interpretation of events that presents oneself or one's country in a positive light. It does not refer to a literal story or book.","questions":"What does the phrase \"narrative of success\" refer to?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["And how did this start?","Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story. And then I would write the story. And then I would send it to him. And I'd give him a first line. And he would start a story. And he would send that back to me. And we did that. And so we decided that we'd open that up to the rest of the world.","How many stories do you typically get?","We run between 300 and 450 submissions in issue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"How many stories do you typically get?\" - This turn has a literal meaning and it is asking for the number of stories that the magazine usually receives.","questions":"What is the approximate range of submissions the magazine receives per issue?","answer":"300"}
{"text":["As a Bears fan, I would also immediately pick on the Green Bay Packers fan.","Right, exactly (laughter) - and, you know, I might finger someone who was wearing a Raiders jersey. But, you know, that's just my unconscious bias, right?And so I leaned on my training, and I just looked for those signs of a potential threat. I engaged him in a conversation. He was able to respond to my questions completely normally. And then once he took his seat, I walked by and I carefully observed him again. He was completely casual. He was not sitting stiffly in any way. He had his headphones on, and he was watching the game. Someone who believes that they are about to die generally doesn't turn on football.","And to recap, using football terms, this was very rare in your flights.","Absolutely - absolutely. More often you'll get biases against people who are larger or mothers with crying children. There's all kinds of cultural issues that you come into contact with. And part of being a flight attendant is understanding what is and is not your job to judge."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The actual meanings of (1) and (3) are different from their literal meanings. In (1), the speaker is implying that he would be prejudiced against a Green Bay Packers fan, rather than simply picking on them","questions":"How would the speaker behave towards a Green Bay Packers fan?","answer":"Prejudiced"}
{"text":["Right now, American voters are debating whether to put a black man in the White House. In \"Palace Council,\" a reporter named Eddie Wesley finds himself both professionally and personally connected to race, political violence and murder. I asked Professor Carter how he balances his life as a novelist and a Law Professor at Yale?","I think it was more of an escape. When I'm a law professor, I deal with difficult and even depressing subjects. I teach in areas like law and religion, or integrity and ethics, things like that. Writing novels, for me, writing fiction turns out to be a good balance. I write them mainly as entertainment, it's fun for me to write them, and it seems to be fun for readers to read them. Anyway people keep buying them.","Always good. This book really enters some very heavy research territory. As you flip through \"Palace Council,\" you will see John Kennedy referenced, you will see the Vietnam War referenced, Richard Nixon referenced. Tell us a little bit about the structure of the novel, and why all of these actual people show up?","My first two novels, although they were thrillers, I guess I'd call them campus thrillers. They were both set on a mythical Ivy League campus in New England. This novel is, I guess you'd call it, a historical thriller. It begins in the '60s and runs through the '70s, and it tells the story of a massive conspiracy among families. Some very powerful and shadowy families. Some white, and some black, too, aiming at control of the Oval Office."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They aren't literally going to put a black man in the White House, they are going to vote him in.","questions":"Which office are some powerful and shadowy families aiming to control in \"Palace Council\"?","answer":"Oval"}
{"text":["One last, I think, pretty blunt question we've got in 40 seconds left - why is President Trump more critical of Alec Baldwin than he is of Vladimir Putin on this week when Putin shows an animated video of Russian missiles smacking Florida?","I, you know - I think if you look at the President Trump style with ISIS as an example - he doesn't like to tip his hand. He was critical of the last administration by declaring departure dates, and so forth and things going on in the Middle East. And I think he's been tougher on Russia and Vladimir Putin than any other administration, at least the last two.","Really?","And so I would say, stay tuned to that. He's pretty predictable in that way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : President Trump avoids tipping his hand and is critical of previous administrations for declaring departure dates.","questions":"How does President Trump criticize the previous administration?","answer":"Departure"}
{"text":["Well, Super Tuesday was not necessarily designed to be the end. It was designed to give some states that had been itching to get into the early part of the calendar an opportunity to do so - and many took - the opportunity to do so.","It began back 20 years ago when some Southern states felt like they weren't getting enough of a say in the nominee. And so, round about 1984, they started all having their primaries together. That just grew and grew. Until now, we've got 22 states on the Democratic side, 21 states on the Republican side - all doing it on the same day.","And, you know, it's getting down to a question of not just who's won how many states, because states after all is not how we do this at the convention. We do it by delegates. And so, of course, the focus is on California, New York, Illinois, Georgia - the big ones voting tomorrow. But all those states have delegates, and all the states give each candidate an opportunity to add to their delegate total. And that's in the end the math that really matters.","All right. Let's go to Republican math. Senator John McCain is leading in most national polls over Mitt Romney. What about surprises?Do we expect any surprises either in terms of the popular vote or the delegates that - will shake out tomorrow for the Republicans?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of this statement is that the focus is not only on the states, but also on the number of delegates that the candidates can gain from those states.","questions":"How is the focus on the number of what, in addition to the states, in the end that really matters?","answer":"delegates"}
{"text":["Did we, maybe without noting it, pass a corner this week in which the Russia investigation - Mueller, Michael Cohen, all of that - has gone from examining if there was obstruction of justice to actual collusion with Russia by the Trump campaign?","That's why the Michael Cohen revelation this week seems to be so important. We've been talking about this for the better part of two years now. We've always been kind of dubious about whether or not there was an actual provable case of collusion, as opposed to obstruction. An active cooperation with the Russian interference would seem to be the collusion everyone's looking for. A lot of journalists and Democrats have thought it more likely that we would simply get an obstruction case, which might be easier to prove. But in the news of this week, we see a wider possibility.","NPR's Ron Elving, thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The recent revelation about Michael Cohen seems to indicate that there was actual collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia.","questions":"Which investigation has gone beyond examining obstruction of justice to possible collusion based on recent events?","answer":"Russia"}
{"text":["He had been released the year before - in June of 1914 - from an institution that was known as the Colored Waifs Home. And this was a reformatory - it was part reformatory, part orphanage. And Armstrong was sent there for at least the second time in early 1913 after he had been arrested for shooting a pistol into the air.","And it was at - while at that reformatory that he began to receive his first formal music instruction. He played in the marching band there. They would parade around the city and play at events on the lake and stuff like that. But when he came out, he was, you know, faced with the challenges of being 13 or 14 years old at the time and needing to provide some income for his family. He grew up in dire poverty, of course.","You take a look at this, like, 8 seconds of film, I guess it is, and maybe it's the power of suggestion, but it certainly looks like Louis Armstrong. And you (laughter) - you really do get a sense, even from this 13-year-old youngster, of just overwhelming charisma.","Yeah, that has been sort of the reaction. The overwhelming reaction to my story is - you know, I fully expected people to try to pick it apart because it's kind of a ridiculous thing to propose. But overwhelmingly, people have said, holy smokes, we think this, you know - it looks like him. He smiles the beautiful Louis Armstrong smile that later became famous. Yeah, it's been fascinating to me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Armstrong was sent to a reformatory multiple times and grew up in poverty.","questions":"What challenges did Armstrong face after he came out of the reformatory?","answer":"Income"}
{"text":["So Flame has - so far they've found about 20 modules that can be swapped in and out, and they do everything from turning on the internal microphone and webcam on your computer, this way that they could record conversations that you have over Skype or conversations that you have in the room, in the vicinity of the computer.","It takes screenshots of your communications. They seem particularly interested in any email communications or instant messaging communication that you do. It also turns your computer into a Bluetooth beacon. So if you have Bluetooth enabled on your computer, they will turn that on and do a discovery for other Bluetooth-enabled devices in the vicinity, such as a phone, and they will use your computer to then siphon the contact information that is in any phone in the area.","Wow. Wow.","Why all those things?I mean, what's the reason for that?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"swapped in and out\" is a figurative expression that means different modules can be inserted or removed from the Flame software.","questions":"What is the function of the \"internal microphone and webcam\" module in the Flame software?","answer":"Recording"}
{"text":["And what's the story about how your parents met?","Well, they met in art school in Charlotte. . .","(Singing) In the '60s, black boots, mini skirt, blonde curls. Then when you went to art school. . .","And my mom would go and see him play. He was in a jazz funk band called Fungus Blues. And she would go. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A is sharing a personal anecdote about how their parents met, which involves the jazz funk band Fungus Blues","questions":"What was the name of the jazz funk band PersonA's dad played in?","answer":"Fungus"}
{"text":["The problem is 90 percent of space in our military is in the Air Force. So what we're basically going to be doing is taking the current infrastructure - for example, Space Command in Colorado Springs will become the headquarters for the Space Corps. We're talking about taking the people that we need to take that deal with space and segregating them into a culture that appreciates them.","The Air Force has pushed back on this. The Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson said, quote, \"the Pentagon is complicated enough. This will make it more complex, add more boxes to the organization chart and cost more money. \"Is she wrong?","She's absolutely wrong. The bureaucracy is always going to fight reform - always, especially the Pentagon. They're fighting this because they don't want Congress meddling. You know, what I've told her is, in 16 years, the Air Force has not changed a thing. And they've got us in this situation now where Russia and China have become near peers. They're close to surpassing us. What we're proposing would change that.","I think what some people would say is that we are cooperating with the Russians on the International Space Station. Should space be the new frontier of warfare, or should it actually be a place where, indeed, these cooperations flourish?After all, we are all on one planet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"segregating them into a culture that appreciates them\" - This phrase implies that currently the people who deal with space in the military are not appreciated or valued, and that by creating a separate \"Space Corps\" culture, they will receive the recognition and resources they need to excel in their work.","questions":"What is the proposed solution for dealing with the lack of recognition for people who deal with space in the military?","answer":"Separation"}
{"text":["Oh. . .",". . . Believe and understand it should be.",". . . A large number.","But. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It implies that A believe and understand what B means to a large extent.","questions":"How does PersonA feel about PersonB's point of view?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["Diddley was also known for his signature rectangular guitar. Over his lifetime, he was honored with many, many awards. In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him 20th on their list of 100 most influential artists of all time.","He was admitted to the hospital last May with a stroke and had a heart attack last August. He died today of heart failure at age 79 in his home in Archer, Florida.","(Singing) Now I'm a man, Made 21, You know, baby We can have a lot of fun. I'm a man.","That's our show for today. Thank you for sharing your time with us. To listen to the show or subscribe to our podcast, visit our website, nprnewsandnotes. org. To join the conversation or sign up for our newsletter, visit our blog at nprnewsandviews. org. News & Notes was created by NPR News and the African-American Public Radio Consortium."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B may not be a man and likely didn't just turn 21. B is singing a Bo Diddley song in honor of his death.","questions":"Which popular musician did PersonB pay tribute to through their singing?","answer":"BoDiddley"}
{"text":["Well, tomorrow, it's going to be a lot of pomp and circumstance. There'll be a wreath-laying at Westminster Abbey. There'll be a state dinner in the evening with the Queen at Buckingham Palace tomorrow, a meeting with Prime Minister May. Of course, she's a lame duck, so we're not expecting a lot there on the policy front. The big thing tomorrow is going to be street protests.","And what are we expecting there?","Huge numbers. There are going to be buses coming in from around England. The streets are going to be jammed. Londoners, of course, very progressive - this is a cosmopolitan city. And they tend to really dislike this president. His anti-immigration policies, his things that he said about women - it just really rubs Londoners the wrong way.","We'll be seeing a lot of things that - a lot of signs, clever signs, which is what British protesters are known for. And we'll also see Tuesday morning the Trump baby blimp make a reappearance. This is the blimp of Trump in a diaper and crying and looking - he's in the form of a baby. Very popular, and I'm sure we'll see lots of people out there when that goes aloft in Parliament Square."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Londoners dislike the president's policies and comments about women.","questions":"How do Londoners feel about the president's comments about women?","answer":"Rubs"}
{"text":["Forty gigabytes. OK, so you're - I mean, you're doing pretty good. I mean, the average person actually carries around 1,700 songs. I had no idea, I don't carry that many songs with me.","Yeah, I have a lot.","And this is just some - so they launched this in back in 2003. I don't know how - you know, in Internet time, you start to forget how soon these things were launched, but it's been less than about - a little over five years and over 8 - 5 billion songs. They have over 8million tracks, and I did the math on this, it's what?It's 2. 6 million songs every day that they've sold, 2. 6 since iTunes started - million.","So we have to wrap up but before we let you go, does this mean that the essential question of, is the music industry going to die, is resolved?Meaning, that people will pay for music, they're just going to pay for it online, or is that whole question of revenue for the music industry still very present?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Despite the relatively short period since its launch, iTunes has sold a lot of songs.","questions":"What is the total number of tracks sold by iTunes since its launch?","answer":"8billion"}
{"text":["The government is treading a fine line. On one hand, it acknowledges that this is a regime that cannot survive, and that this is a matter of time, only. At the same time, because it's a neighbor and because the borders are still open and there is some trade going on, in addition to other reasons, the government is careful not to take matters, sort of, beyond a certain point. But I think that there is wide consensus in the region that understands that this regime has no chance of survival. The problem and the questions is, how many more people will be killed before it leaves the scene?","Again, Turkey - we know that the Free Syrian Army uses Turkey as a safe haven. Injured are brought back to be treated in medical facilities. The fighters return there to rest and re-equip and then come back. That's a very porous border in that situation. What about Jordan?Is Jordan allowing the Free Syrian Army effectively to operate from its territory?","No. There are no military operations being conducted out of Jordan for the Free Syrian Army. Jordan has received a number of defectors from Syria, including the ex-prime minister of Syria and several army officers who have defected to Jordan. But they have not engaged in any military activity, so far.","Why no?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The government is cautious in its approach towards the regime, but it's clear that the regime is not going to survive. However, the government is worried about taking action that might destabilize the region.","questions":"What is the government's approach towards the regime?","answer":"Cautious"}
{"text":["The speaker has suffered through days of public humiliation at the hands of his fractious troops. But sometimes what doesn't kill you makes you stronger. And by surviving all of this, he has probably strengthened what's always been a rather tenuous grip on the speakership. In the end, he did the right thing - we talked about this in the past - and kept government and borrowing authority going forward. And probably he'll have a better weekend this weekend than he had last.","Certainly more free time. I think a lot of people are wondering this weekend: is Senator Ted Cruz a new national figure or a diminished one, after events of this past week?","You could say he's both. Certainly he is new hero of the Tea Party and others who wanted to stop the Affordable Care Act, Obamacare, by any means necessary. At the Value Voters Summit, for example, here about a week ago, he absolutely dominated the presidential preference straw poll on social conservatives. But within the establishment of the Republican Party, in the financial community and among party fundraisers, he has come to be regarded as dangerous.","And a hard word and that raises this question. Against what's been the stereotype, the image for many years, Democrats appeared unified over these past few weeks, and the Republicans who looked like they were - what's the old joke they used to make about Democrats - a circular firing squad?What's happened to the two major parties?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"what doesn't kill you makes you stronger\" - This is an idiomatic expression that means that going through difficult experiences can make a person mentally and emotionally stronger, rather than referring to actual physical strength.","questions":"Which expression means that going through difficult experiences can make a person mentally and emotionally stronger?","answer":"Strength"}
{"text":["But a number of scientists say the issue has become so politicized that we're ignoring the real facts. They say study after study have shown that emergency contraceptives like Plan B inhibit or delay ovulation, they do not interfere with implantation.","Dr.  Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson has conducted some of this research. She's professor and chair of the Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Karolinska Institute in Sweden, and she joins us from Bergen, Norway. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","Are these abortion pills?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"She joins us from Bergen, Norway\" implies that the speaker is conducting an interview remotely with someone who is in a different location.","questions":"What is the location of the person being interviewed?","answer":"Bergen"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. Staycation. It's one of those newfangled words that's caught on fast. A vacation is when you vacate. You take off, you stay in a hotel, or camp out, or see the sights. A staycation is - well, you got it. With soaring gas prices and plane tickets, this was supposed to be the summer of staying at home. But was that prediction off the mark?If you're thinking about traveling soon or for the winter holidays, what should you keep in mind?With us to talk about both of those issues we've got Madeline Nunn, senior travel agent with the Richmond, Virginia, branch of the American Automobile Association, or Triple-A. Hi, Madeline.","How are you?","I'm great. So, back in May, a Rand McNally survey found that two-thirds of Americans planning road trips this summer said they would shorten their trips or cancel them all together. Summer is wrapping up, so what actually panned out?","Well, actually, the staycation thing is sort of a myth, so to speak, because Americans are traveling. They're traveling because they are hard-working and they need the rest and the revitalization. They need this vacation. So, what we're finding is that they're not staying home, per se. Some are just staying a little closer to home. And sometimes they're limiting the length of time that they may take for this vacation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Americans are still traveling but may be taking shorter vacations closer to home","questions":"What are Americans doing for vacations this summer?","answer":"Shorter"}
{"text":["(Laughing) You would think, but its this weird sort of a - the more I get to know them, the more they become different objects with such different ingredients that I love them more with each passing day.","(Laughing) So I have a burrito specimen here with me in the studio. And I'm going to unwrap. . .","Is it in wax paper or tinfoil?","It is in both tinfoil and wax paper."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning is that B has a unique and special person in their life that they want to share with the world.","questions":"How is the burrito wrapped?","answer":"Both"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So what originally did the Consumer Product Safety Commission say was wrong with this stroller?","They were concerned about the front wheel of the stroller. It's a three-wheeled stroller, and they were concerned with the wheel falling off suddenly. It's attached to the stroller with a quick release, the same thing that attaches the wheels on bicycles. And so parents would be out running, jogging with their strollers, their kid in the middle. And the wheel would spontaneously fall off.","So the agency spent months investigating. And in 2017, they decided that Britax should recall the stroller, that it wasn't safe. And they even sued to try and force the company to recall the stroller. Tell us why that didn't happen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"So what originally did the Consumer Product Safety Commission say was wrong with this stroller?\" is a question that asks for specific information about the stroller. Its meaning is also literal and straightforward.","questions":"How did the Consumer Product Safety Commission first describe the issue with the stroller?","answer":"Wheel"}
{"text":["ou're also seeing some extreme moves by companies like Advantage Consultants who basically say, hey, we can supply you, Mr.  and Ms. Candidate, with an army-full of bloggers ready to get your campaign out on the blogosphere 24\/7. It's just - it's like the wild, wild West right now on the Internet.","Is that - I mean, of course, all fair - all is fair in love, war and politics. But is that cheating in a way, you know, blogs were created initially as if, like, I'm just going to express what's in my heart. And now, it sounds as if what you're saying is that there is a lot of people who are saying, I'm going to create the appearance that people are speaking from their heart.","Yeah, and, you know - and this is - gets into astroturfing and a whole bunch of other terminology behind what's the real message of these types of Web sites. You're right. The organic nature of a blog was to be something that was transparent, that wasn't agenda-driven. And obviously, when you start looking at politics and campaigns, it's agenda-driven. So now, they're looking at these tools being PR machines, more than this transparent, here-is-a-look-into-my-life type of outlet that it used to be.","Speaking of transparency, there is some information that campaigns don't always give out, like where their money is coming from. And tell me about OpenSecrets."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"astroturfing\" is a figurative expression that refers to the practice of creating a false grassroots movement or opinion.","questions":"How would you describe the practice of creating a false grassroots movement or opinion?","answer":"Deception"}
{"text":["You know, so there is going to be several things in which we can benefit as a society.","I have about a minute left, and I'll get an idea of that cost. Let's say you have a $100,000 home. What - how much would it cost you to sink into it to do those things structurally that you're asking to do?","I think I would put in there about $5,000, which would give you hurricane ties, more anchor bolts, larger washers and metal ties between the wall plates and the studs. I would use more nails, six-inch (unintelligible), six inches on spacings, ring shank nails, and I think you have a fighting chance after that. Then you look at putting in a storm shelter, and you protect life safety, as well.","It doesn't sound like a whole lot to do. Thank you, thank you, Dr.  Prevatt, very much for your time today.","I really appreciate it, and you have a great day."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Sink into it\" is figurative. It means spend money on stuff for the house.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of \"sink into it\"?","answer":"Spend"}
{"text":["What would happen in a civil contempt is that you would basically be trying to hold the attorney general - get a court order that he was in contempt. And the court would have a hearing. And Justice Department would intervene, and they would fight the contempt citation. And then the court would have a ruling. And that's how the process kind of operates theoretically. What normally happens is the court does not like to step into executive legislative disputes, and they will urge both sides to try to accommodate one another. I think it would only be if the court determined that the Justice Department was really in bad faith would they then hold the attorney general in contempt.","Let me ask you this. If this matter does land in court, if litigation is actively pursued, that could take months. It could take years even. And if the goal is to get information from Attorney General William Barr, how is this an effective strategy?Pursuing a contempt case could result in a huge delay, right?","I think the reality is is that the rules of subpoenas right now as we're discussing in many ways work in favor of the executive for the exact reason that you are hinting at in your question, which is they can run the clock. They can probably run the clock on the enforcement question for months, if not years. And they might be able to even run it up to the next election.","Right. So if the White House intends to stonewall, do you think it's even a wise strategy on the part of the Democrats right now to be talking about contempt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Litigation could result in a huge delay in getting information.","questions":"Which factor could potentially cause a delay in obtaining information?","answer":"Delay"}
{"text":["I'm sorry. Yeah.","So what to do?","OK. There are a couple of solutions. I would first offer the Solomonic solution - take them both out. Or perhaps you would want to put the girl in back of the bull or standing alongside the bull. In fact, Herman Melville's \"Moby Dick\" begins in the first paragraph with Ishmael wandering down right on this corner, having his nose lead him to water. I'd rather have a sculpture of Melville there. I think the point is most public sculpture is bad because there are too many people involved with making the decision. It's too democratized because of, necessarily, where it goes.","Jerry Saltz is senior art critic for New York Magazine. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : I'm sorry.Yeah.\" Implicated Meaning: The speaker is not genuinely sorry or apologetic, but rather dismissive or sarcastic. The use of \"yeah\" indicates a lack of sincerity.","questions":"How did PersonA respond to PersonB's question?","answer":"OK."}
{"text":["There is a level of acceptance for some. So one young woman I met joined the all-women's force after being brutalized by her husband, who was part of ISIS. On the other hand, the women who were foreigners and even the real hardcore last holdouts in the fight against ISIS who are in this town of Baghuz, which had basically an apocalyptic end. They ran out of food. They ran out of water.","And what you see now from the women who were part of that is that all of the crimes of ISIS - you know, enslaving girls, raping women, beheading people on the streets, the hangings - that was not enough really to make them lose confidence in the head of ISIS. But the fact that children whose families belong to ISIS starved to death while leaders had food, that is what's making people very disappointed, very disillusioned, especially the women I've talked to.","Are there people who still support the caliphate despite all that they went through?","Absolutely there are. And in fact, one woman from Egypt I met has four daughters. She was talking about how all they want is to go home, to go back to Egypt, to go back to the parks, to go see relatives. And she said to me, you know, I don't believe in Baghdadi. But I still believe in the caliphate."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The woman from Egypt still supports the caliphate even though she does not believe in Baghdadi.","questions":"Which woman supports the caliphate despite not believing in Baghdadi?","answer":"Egypt"}
{"text":["Good to be here.","So we've been hearing about the trade war week after week for months. How do you see that fitting into the broader U. S. -China relationship right now?","What we really see now is long-term contentious relations between the United States and China. This is a major development that is going to be worked out most likely over the course of decades. China is now, essentially, a peer competitor to the United States. . .","Meaning it has a comparably sized economy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : By pointing out that China is a peer competitor to the United States he's saying that the trade war with China is sort of slow-going because they're a well-matched opponent.","questions":"Which country is a peer competitor to the United States?","answer":"China"}
{"text":["It's been an exciting year for developments in space. Just earlier this week, SpaceX successfully landed a 15-story tall section of one of their rockets back on Earth. And joining me to discuss what's been going on off our planet during 2015 is NPR science correspondent Geoff Brumfiel. So explain exactly what happened that a part of the rocket returned.","In some sense, this was just another rocket launch for SpaceX. You know, they sent 11 communication satellites into orbit. What really makes this special is what happened to the big first stage of the rocket. Now, normally this would just fall back to Earth. But this time, SpaceX flipped it around and then flew it back to near the launch site and actually landed it. They fired the engines a second time and it sort of floated down onto the pad. It was pretty spectacular to watch.","The space pad looks big when you're looking at it on the Earth. But from space, it must be a tiny dot.","Yeah, I mean SpaceX describes it as trying to shoot a pencil over the Empire State Building, have it turn around and land in a shoebox vertically. That's how hard this is."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The successful landing of the rocket's first stage is a major achievement for SpaceX and represents a significant advancement in reusable rocket technology.","questions":"Which company achieved a significant advancement in reusable rocket technology?","answer":"SpaceX"}
{"text":["There's got to be a point where sooner or later the public is going to say, oh, this is just going too far with some of these technologies.","Well, again, that's why we call, you know, for the engineers to work with the regulators, to make sure that that doesn't happen. I mean, we all want everybody to enjoy sport, and that's why we have to make sure that they are working with them because - you know, and it keeps them interesting.","I mean, one of the other things is you have to think about how sports develop. You know, we have mountain biking that's emerged from road cycling, snowboarding emerged from skiing. So, you know, it's the creation of new sports that is also encouraged.","Let's talk about some of the other technologies in the London Olympics. Let's take bicycling. What's new there?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They suddenly started talking about new technologiesin London","questions":"How did the conversation shift in turn 3?","answer":"Technologies"}
{"text":["About a year ago, my husband started getting Facebook friend invitations from like every girl he ever went to school with, and it seemed as if half of them confessed crushes on him.","Lissa Soep quickly figured out social networking sites not only allowed her to get back in touch with people - her husband could reconnect with folks from his past, too. But it turns out that's not all bad.","These were girls frozen in his memory with teenage breasts, AP English minds, and a sense that anything was possible. Like this one girl from seventh grade. She friended my husband on Facebook and then reminisced about the day his family moved away. She put on her favorite dress, painted her nails purple, and worked up all her courage to hug him goodbye. Isn't that so funny, she wrote. How silly we are as kids?","You think I'd be mad or at least threatened by all this nostalgia, but I wasn't. For a split second, at least, my husband was less familiar to me, and I mean that in a good way. With so many people my age riding Facebook like a time machine to our past lives and loves, you might expect the site would be breaking up marriages or at least unleashing all sorts of digital infidelity. Some of that is happening."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : His memory had these girls staying the way they were and not changing into what they are now. ","questions":"What was frozen in his memory?","answer":"Confessed."}
{"text":["Well, the Chinese leadership has continued to see dialogue first with Kim Jong Un. They've had two publicly announced meetings with him. One of them came right in advance of North Korea's announcement that it was going to pursue a satellite launch. We don't know whether that subject was discussed in China. But, you know, the indicator suggests that China is still trying to figure out if there is a way that it can influence the situation in North Korea without taking measures that would enhance instability. The Chinese priority is basically to maintain stability in North Korea.","And so it was - it's willing to prop up that terrible regime if it will prevent that regime's collapse and the horrible situation that might ensue.","I think it's certainly the case that if you're, you know, looking at why North Korea still is there in the middle of this otherwise prosperous region, the hand of China is the critical explainer for why North Korea is still able to survive.","Xi Jinping has been in power just a brief time in Beijing, but in that time, we have seen increased pressure on the Senkaku Islands. These are the disputed islands unoccupied, uninhabited islands in the East China Sea. Japan has controlled them for, what, 100 years. China claims them as well. There had been confrontations in the past where patrol boats and fishing boats had exchanged even water canon spray. But this time, a Chinese patrol craft flew over the islands, and that's a different situation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The hand of China is the critical explainer for why North Korea is still able to survive in the middle of a prosperous region","questions":"How is China influencing North Korea's survival?","answer":"Influencing"}
{"text":["That could be jeopardized?","Well, certainly the people putting forth these plans don't think it would be. What they want to do is change Medicaid from a guaranteed benefit to a block grant to states. So a state would get a fixed amount of money from the federal government and decide for itself how to spend it. The idea is that states know their needs better than the feds, and this would give them flexibility.","What critics of this idea worry about is, what happens in an economic downturn when demand on Medicaid goes up?They say states could be left with a sort of Sophie's choice. Do you cut back on services for poor children or for the frail elderly?","I know we've talked about Medicare and Medicaid. Are there proposed changes that would affect older Americans who might buy their own health care coverage?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Do states have to make a difficult decision on how to use the limited funds? ","questions":"What do critics of the idea worry about when there is an economic downturn?","answer":"Limited"}
{"text":["That's right. And my experience has taught me that, first of all, the role of the diaspora is very important and what was also called sometimes the reversal of the brain drain, in the case of India, for example. I wish that many Somalis come back to Somalia to contribute to the rebuilding of the country. So I thought I should pitch my message to the community, in this case in Minnesota, and to appeal to their involvement so that we can sustain the progress that was made.","You gave this speech in Minnesota, where I understand your son has just graduated from high school. Congratulations. So what does he think of your advice to come home?","Of course I have made the appeal to him as well.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The brain does not reverse but  the person's opinions do change.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue contradicts the statement mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Reverse"}
{"text":["A year or so ago, the world was turned upside down - or part of the world was turned upside down - when we decided that it was it OK to say over ten instead of more than ten. And the internet change has brought a lot of reaction, too. Somebody tweeted, after we announced the change, AP has lowercased internet. Somewhere tonight, galaxies are burning.","(Laughter) And you know what?The AP and NPR will be there to cover them.","Absolutely.","Tom Kent, standards editor of the Associated Press. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Tom Kent is an expert on the Associated Press standards, and his opinion is appreciated.","questions":"How is Tom Kent regarded at the Associated Press?","answer":"Expert"}
{"text":["Right. You have this really shocking statistic in your article where you say that personal consumption amounts to 70 percent of the American economy.","Yeah, that's right. Basically, we are the engine of our own economy. And for far too long apparently, we've just been swiping our Visa cards willy nilly and pumping up this economy. The worry is that when we stop doing that, which is what's happening, our economy is going to sag.","So you went out to see if it was sagging. You went to the Mall of America. What did you find?","The most ambitious mall in the United States, the mall that is doing the most to put you in the fugue state that allows you to spend. They're up against it at the Mall of America. What I found was a lot of people who weren't shopping all that much and a lot of people that were counting their pennies in a way that they never had before."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : So you went out to see if the economy was going down in terms of less people spending money.","questions":"What did PersonA find when visiting the Mall of America?","answer":"Mall"}
{"text":["They asked me to consider that, you know, almost without exception, these are young people in federal facilities who are separated from their families. They're in a strange place. They're dealing with stress and uncertainty every day. They fled poverty. They fled possibly violence in their home countries. And so they desperately need the semblance of a daily routine.","And analogously, if you look at studies done in hospital settings with chronically ill children, when they have access to play, they do better. They heal faster. They have lower levels of stress. And similarly, after natural disasters like Hurricane Harvey, Hurricane Katrina, there started to be interest in the therapeutic benefits of play access.","A very simple thing that Dr.  Cantor told me is that when your brain is being bombarded with stress hormones every day, you actually need to move your body even more than usual so you can get oxygen to your brain. And this oxygenation - it helps buffer potentially long-term damage.","Just in our last 30 seconds, what does the law say here?Could there be legal challenges?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Moving your body more than usual can help buffer long-term damage caused by stress.","questions":"Which bodily function can help buffer long-term damage caused by stress?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["The protests haven't been as widespread as people have expected. But nonetheless, these protests are continuing. And it's a show and a sign that the world is not standing by Trump and his declaration and his pronouncements and certainly not his positions.","Well - and yet the Saudi crown prince is reported to have urged Mahmoud Abbas, the Palestinian president, to accept a very limited state noncontiguous with most settlements remaining. And we've also heard sort of similar backroom discussions from Egypt and other countries in the region.","Yes. You're absolutely right. There hasn't been a time in - since 1967 where Saudi Arabia has been on the right side when it comes to Palestinian rights. The real question is whether Mahmoud Abbas is going to sign something like that. And as much as he's somebody I criticize and I'm not a fan of, this is not an agreement that I see him signing onto because it doesn't even ensure that Palestinian rights are being protected.","Instead, it legitimates the settlements that are illegal. It removes Jerusalem - Palestinian Jerusalem. And it is effectively doing away with the Palestinian right of return. So this is not something that any Palestinian leader, including Mahmoud Abbas, is going to sign onto."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The protests are still significant despite not being widespread","questions":"Which country's stance on Palestinian rights is being questioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Saudi"}
{"text":["You know, between the flooding issues and river issues and then the trade war and the tariff war with China and also the renegotiation during the old NAFTA, we had a number of trade issues that were kind of tossed up in the air, and we're waiting for the puzzle pieces to fall back down in place.","I mean, I think in the Midwest and agriculture in general, you know, supported the president early on in improving trade relations with China. But unfortunately those in the livestock industry and soybean producers are taking the brunt of the hit.","Well, what would you like to see specifically from this trade deal, if they ever reach a deal?","We'd definitely like to have our full trade ratio, I guess you'd say. The amount of trade we were doing with China back a year ago - we'd love to see that back."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"puzzle pieces to fall back down in place\" - This is a metaphorical phrase used to describe the resolution of trade issues. It means that the trade issues need to be sorted out and resolved before the situation can return to normal.","questions":"Which phrase is used to describe the resolution of trade issues?","answer":"Resolution"}
{"text":["It's time now for our Africa Update. The search begins for an African Einstein. In South Africa this week, at least two dozen people have been killed in a wave of attacks on foreigners and we look at Rwanda's new economic force, women. For more, we've got Roxanne Lawson, she's director of Africa Policy for TransAfrica Forum. Hey, Roxanne.","Hi, how are you doing?","I'm doing great. So let's talk about some disturbing news form South Africa. It's the biggest economic power on the continent and plenty of immigrants from other African nations are flooding into the country, legally or not. South Africans are accusing these immigrants of taking away jobs and causing crime, in some ways it's similar to a lot of the debates right here in the U. S.  Now, some South Africans are getting into brutal attacks on foreigners. At least 24 people have been killed in unrest that broke out a week ago. So what's the latest on the violence?","You're directly right that it actually is very much like what we see here in the United States with our migration issues. As of this morning, official reports that 217 people have been arrested, over 3,000 have been displaced and 22 people are dead."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are no turns in this conversation whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. All of the turns are being used in a straightforward and literal manner.","questions":"How is the language being used in this conversation?","answer":"Literal"}
{"text":["Well, I know that my name is on the cover, but the Library of America was at least an equal partner, if not more. Reggie Hui there went into the archives, and he found every single short story she'd ever published in the most esoteric, small, little magazines. And John Kulka and Reggie and I had multiple really long debates and conversations about which stories to include. There were many passionate speeches on all sides, particularly mine. And we ended up with. . .","(Laughter) Battles to the death, I'm gathering. Yeah.",". . . Battles. Yes. It was bloody, but it was also joyous because we're - all three of us - just super fans of Nancy Hale's.","I mean, people always ask fiction writers - as you would know better than anyone - how much of your writing, how much of your protagonist is you. And writers always say, it's fiction. You know, I made it all up. But you write that with Hale, it's - it actually really matters to know what her life story was when you're reading these stories."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The person is making a humurous remark about the debate.","questions":"What was the tone of the conversation during the debate?","answer":"Humorous"}
{"text":["I don't really describe myself. I don't have a - I don't label myself really. I've done some interviewing in the past and just, you know, strike up a general conversation with people usually in sort of a casual environment. And for some reason, usually, people will talk to me.","And I have to say, you've got great researching skills. I read that you even dug up Carter Page's undergrad thesis, and you spoke with his U. S. Naval Academy thesis adviser. That's amazing. Why did you do that, and how did you go that deep?","I don't know. I just - I have a curiosity about this whole situation, and I really wanted to get to the bottom of it. So I - you know, the easiest way to say it is no stone left unturned.","You say, you know, you want to contribute to the investigation, but how are you different than a journalist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"dug up\" - This implies that the speaker did extensive research and found information that was not easily accessible.","questions":"How would you describe the depth of research done by the speaker?","answer":"Extensive"}
{"text":["And then if you go down river, as you get closer to Arkansas, some communities, like Braggs and Webbers Falls, have been totally emptied out. One mayor earlier this week told people that if they refuse to evacuate, they should write their identification on their arm.","Wow. I mean, it does sound as though it's just an overwhelmingly awful combination of floods and tornadoes and bad weather. What are people saying as you are out and about interviewing people and, I guess, just talking to your own neighbors?","Well, people here are well-practiced. When we went into the basement on Saturday night with a tornado warning that hit near our home, our neighbors had their medication already prepared in plastic bags to take into the basement. But this has just been every day for nearly a month. And when you constantly have warnings coming through on your cell phone for floods and tornado watches and thunderstorms, it is hard to not just shut down.","Yeah. Today, of course, is a holiday, Memorial Day. But are schools on track, businesses on track for business as usual tomorrow?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The constant weather warnings are taking an emotional toll on people.","questions":"What is taking an emotional toll on people?","answer":"Warnings"}
{"text":["Did we, maybe without noting it, pass a corner this week in which the Russia investigation - Mueller, Michael Cohen, all of that - has gone from examining if there was obstruction of justice to actual collusion with Russia by the Trump campaign?","That's why the Michael Cohen revelation this week seems to be so important. We've been talking about this for the better part of two years now. We've always been kind of dubious about whether or not there was an actual provable case of collusion, as opposed to obstruction. An active cooperation with the Russian interference would seem to be the collusion everyone's looking for. A lot of journalists and Democrats have thought it more likely that we would simply get an obstruction case, which might be easier to prove. But in the news of this week, we see a wider possibility.","NPR's Ron Elving, thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The recent revelation about Michael Cohen seems to indicate that there was actual collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia.","questions":"What is the investigation examining?","answer":"Investigation"}
{"text":["Correct. It was one of the first ones to come out like that, and so I had no idea it was different from any other game. I just thought it was another game. And he, within three months of playing it, he started - it started affecting his real life negatively. He lost his job. He got evicted from his apartment. By the way, he was 20 years old when he started playing this, so he was an adult. But very quickly it showed negative effects. His personality changed. He started becoming a different person. He became withdrawn, antisocial, depressed. His focus became gaming, and he no longer was concerned about his real life or his future.","When you think about your son, do you think that there were other underlying issues, whether it was depression or some other condition, that caused him to be susceptible to this?I mean, how do you balance that thought out?","I agree with that 100 percent. He had ADD, and from my experience, since 2002, probably 99 percent of the gamers that we've talked to who have problems with gaming have ADD. It seems to make them more susceptible.","Attention deficit."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People with ADD are more susceptible to gaming addiction.","questions":"Which condition seems to make individuals more susceptible to gaming addiction?","answer":"ADD"}
{"text":["Unfortunately, we know that the homeless individuals who are unsheltered and living in the street are disproportionately burdened with behavioral health challenges, mental disease, substance abuse disorders. And so if a nurse from the government shows up with a syringe and says, hey, I'm here from the government. I'm here to help you. Take this shot - it's not so simple. We have had to spend a tremendous amount of time building trust, providing education and making the case for why receiving a vaccine is such a critical opportunity for them to protect their health.","What are the symptoms of hepatitis A?","These are symptoms that basically reflect inflammation of the liver. And the most common symptoms are basically fever, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, significant abdominal pain, the loss of appetite. And then one of the telltale things is either darkening of the urine or what's called jaundice, which is the common yellowing of the eyes and the yellow hue of the skin, indicating liver enzymes being spilled into the bloodstream. So jaundice is also a very common symptom.","Dr.  Yphnatides, if you think long term about changes you would want to see made to prevent another outbreak like this in the future, where does that take you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: Dr. Yphnatides is being asked to think about what changes should be made in the future to prevent another outbreak like this.","questions":"Which outbreak is being referred to in the question Dr. Yphnatides is being asked in turn 3?","answer":"Outbreak"}
{"text":["Well, tell us first, let's go back. How did you find out about this because I know they try and keep this very secret?How did you find out you had been awarded the MacArthur Grant?","I kind of got punked a little bit. I mean, it's the best way to get punked you could imagine, but they called me into the offices, I was going to be in Chicago for an event, and they basically called me in more or less under the pretense that they wanted me to talk about some candidates that I was recommending.","So of course I kind of scampered in to sort of support the folks that I was hoping would get it, and they just sort of surprised me with this, you know, this incredible gift and just, you know, it kind of just blew my brains open.","So they really did manage to keep it a secret?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker was misled into attending a meeting under false pretenses.","questions":"What happened to the speaker at the meeting?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["No, I think he's wrong about that. I think Assad is one of the main reasons for the growth of ISIS. And that's the message I would have for the Russians now. You know, if they think somehow that backing Assad without any prospect for political transition will succeed, I think they're wrong.","But is there anything in Bashar al-Assad's profile that would suggest if he's able to hold onto power long enough to be part of a solution that then he just, you know, hops a plane for France and says you guys take care of it from now on?","No, nothing at all, and that's precisely my point. You can achieve limited political objectives with support for the opposition and limited military force. But the ultimate political objective of regime change takes a lot more than we have been prepared to do.","One last question. What would the messy solution you're talking about ideally look like in, say, six months?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker says \"You can achieve limited political objectives with support for the opposition and limited military force. But the ultimate political objective of regime change takes a lot more than we have been prepared to do.\" The literal meaning of this turn is that achieving limited political objectives requires some support for the opposition and limited military force, while achieving the ultimate political objective of regime change requires more effort than what has been done so far.","questions":"How does the speaker suggest achieving limited political objectives?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["You know, that's a really great question. Our book hit No. 3 on the New York Times bestseller list on Wednesday. And here I am having written this book and stepping into a different version of, you know, women's rights feminist icon. And it's something I'm really proud of because I had to really educate myself on what I believe to be true.","And so I - I don't know. I think that recreating a person's identity is happening on the daily. And I - for me - I want to keep breaking free from all of these identities and get down to that last one, which is human. And I hope that people out there feel the same way because we are all the same matter.","That soccer star Abby Wambach.","Abby, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A: \"stepping into a different version of, you know, women's rights feminist icon\" - This turn is figurative language as it refers to the author's personal transformation into a prominent feminist icon rather than actually stepping into a different version of herself.","questions":"Which figurative language does turn 0 in the dialogue use?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","But - so in any event, do you really want to put yourself on the side of people that cut even 3 percent from the Meals on Wheels budget?","Well, from a political standpoint, you're right. But this is the problem for whatever the not-left-of-center crew is, now that it's gotten so diverse in the era of Trump is - who's going to talk about how it works?Back to repealing Obamacare, there is a method going forward that works. It involves using tax credits to let people shop. And their choices drive down prices and create more products that they want to buy. But no one's talk about that because you're trapped in this Trump gravitational conversational field.","Well, we'll have you back. We have to cut the conversation short. Michael Graham is podcast editor for The Weekly Standard."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is expressing amusement at the topic being discussed.","questions":"How would you describe the PersonA's emotional state in turn 0?","answer":"Amusement"}
{"text":["That's essentially what it is, except the other person will never know that you put their name down unless they also put your name down.","OK.","I mean, I make fun of it. I'm probably still going to use it, right?OK (laughter)?","So - well, to that end, though, what kind of feedback are you hearing about this so far from the other countries where it rolled out?And I know it just started here, but - so what are you hearing so far?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The person wants to know what other countries thought about it once it started.","questions":"What is the person's inquiry about the feedback from other countries?","answer":"Inquiry"}
{"text":["The proposed bailout of the auto industry, which includes $15 billion in loans and a car czar to oversee the company's business decisions, is being criticized by some people as too much government interference. Malcolm Salter has advised Ford and GM, and he has studied the auto industry for decades. He's a professor emeritus at Harvard Business School. Welcome to the program.","Good to be here.","Well, what do you think of that plan?","I have some very serious questions about oversight, and I think we're moving awfully quickly on this because, obviously, the events are forcing us to do so. But I have some concerns about this so-called car czar. I'm not quite sure I know what it means. I'm not quite sure I know what decision rights the car czar will have.","And if, in fact, the car czar does have decision rights such as reported the Wall Street Journal this morning, which was where they were to review and presumably review all transactions more than $25 million, that seems to me like pretty granular oversight. And the question that I would ask, who has sufficient specific knowledge to make those kind of decisions who really hasn't been involved in the auto industry?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Good to be here implies that it's very interesting and I'm accepting to be part of it","questions":"What is the implied response of PersonA to PersonB's introduction in turn 0?","answer":"Interest"}
{"text":["Good to be here, Scott.","So why didn't you just tell your daughter Ronnie let's train for a chili cook-off instead?","I tried. I tried, and she was insistent. She was in her first year at the great Georgia Tech studying aerospace engineering. She wants to be an astronaut. And she said, look, I've got to be fit. We have to do it. And I thought - past the age of 50, I just thought it was beyond me. I'd done it when I was young, but I didn't think I could anymore.","You are running six marathons in nine days, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"You are running six marathons in nine days, right?\" - The literal meaning of this turn is a question about whether the person is running six marathons in nine days. However, the actual meaning is a statement of disbelief or amazement at the person's ability to do so.","questions":"How did PersonB react to PersonA's accomplishment?","answer":"amazement"}
{"text":["Isabelia Herrera, welcome. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you for having me.","Now, you write about something that might be a surprise to some. But you write that many people within the Latino community bristle at the term Hispanic. Why is that?","Yeah. I think these conversations have been going on for a while now. But now we're seeing them enter into more mainstream spaces. The question with the term Hispanic is primarily about its connection to Spain. The term Hispanic basically includes that colonial relationship to Spain. So it refers to people who are of Spanish descent, either living in Latin America or the U. S.  And I think that now, as, you know, we're re-evaluating what that term and what that identity means, there's a lot of questions around that connection to Spain."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"enter mainstream spaces\" could mean that something is becoming more popular.","questions":"How does the term \"Hispanic\" connect to Spain?","answer":"Colonial"}
{"text":["So you get a sense of how this whole thing is going. Obviously, we should then inject alcohol into the situation. For his new show, Brad spent some time around Austin, Texas. So to cap off the visit, we made a cocktail - a paloma made out of a spirit called sotol, distilled from a plant that grows in the Texas desert.","All right. So first up. . .","Yeah.",". . . We're going to mix it with a little grapefruit. OK, I'm going to make a little grapefruit juice."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) B: \"Obviously, we should then inject alcohol into the situation.\" - This turn does not mean that they should literally inject alcohol into something, but rather that they should add alcohol to the situation.","questions":"Which word in turn 0 implies that they should add alcohol to the situation?","answer":"Should"}
{"text":["So what happened to the smell?Why doesn't the world smell like rotten eggs today?","Well, it's true that these bacteria are still active, and of course if you pass a blocked drain or something like that, you can see that smell, and it's exactly the same activity going on. Bacteria are eating other things, eating algae, eating other bacteria. And the reason you don't smell it is because the creatures that were living at the surface, the fossils that we first saw, were producing oxygen by photosynthesis.","And that oxygen has now built up to such a level that it destroys the hydrogen sulfide. So it doesn't normally get up into the atmosphere. You don't notice it very much. So that's probably the reason, really - there's too much oxygen, or it's being consumed by other kinds of bacteria a little bit further up the food chain.","Do we humans have similar bacteria living in our guts?We talk a lot about the human biome a lot on this program."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : smell like rotten eggs is about bacteria smell","questions":"Which creatures were producing oxygen by photosynthesis?","answer":"Creatures"}
{"text":["You know, we don't do a lot of cookbooks on this show. Hugh Acheson's latest cookbook fits right in. It doesn't show much cooking. The chef is shown reading in a lawn chair, taking a hot bath, even playing the cello - at least holding the bow over one.","It's a book about what you can cook - if that's quite the word - while you do something else, even for hours. \"The Chef And The Slow Cooker\" is by Hugh Acheson, the acclaimed Canadian Southern chef who owns big-name restaurants in Georgia and is a judge on \"Top Chef. \"He joins us from WABE in Atlanta.","Chef, thanks so much for being with us.","It's great to be here, Scott."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It's great to be here, Scott. Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing enthusiasm and gratitude for being present in the current situation or location, likely in a broadcast or interview setting. The statement is not solely focused on the physical act of being in the specific place mentioned.","questions":"How is the speaker feeling about being present in the current location?","answer":"Enthusiasm"}
{"text":["Kevin Maguire's associate editor of the Daily Mirror and a long time reporter at Westminster. Thanks so much for being with us.","Pleasure, Scott.","Let's start with the Conservative line up. We hear a couple of names over here - Michael Gove and Theresa May.","Yeah, absolutely, Theresa May, the home secretary, the interior minister, is the favorite now after the shock withdrawal of Boris Johnson, the former mayor of London. He was the clear front-runner, but he pulled out after Michael Gove, the justice secretary who was his campaign manager, actually decided he wanted to run himself. And in the Conservative Party, which, of course, they're not just electing a leader, they're electing the next prime minister of the United Kingdom."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) Pleasure, Scott. (implied meaning: It is a pleasure to be here with you, Scott.)","questions":"How did PersonA address Scott?","answer":"Pleasure"}
{"text":["Well, what do you say to those people who find that analogy overblown, who say whatever drawbacks Vladimir Putin has a democratic leader, on the other hand, he hasn't undertaken to extinguish an entire people the way Adolf Hitler did?","Certainly in 1938, Adolf Hitler had not yet undertaken the Holocaust. In 1938, his arguments were reversing unjust borders, uniting old German speakers with the motherland, correcting historical injustice. This the same kind of argumentation Mr.  Putin uses. Now, of course, as of today, the analogy with Hitler remains overblown and may it remain so. Having said that, I really do not see an example of this kind of blatant land grab in recent post-war European history.","Any concern that Ukrainians who feel anxious might wind up fleeing to Poland?","We've had our first 100 refugees, Tatars from Crimea, entering Poland over the last couple of days requesting political asylum, and we expect more. If the situation on Ukraine's eastern land borders with Russia flares up - and I'm pretty sure it will - it won't be very difficult for Mr.  Putin to whip up trouble there to make proper conduct of presidential elections impossible - then I can imagine that the numbers of refugees will not be in the hundreds but in the thousands, and Poland is Ukraine's major outlet on the European Union. So, yes, the country is getting prepared to receive and accommodate refugees. But, of course, we hope that they will not arrive."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn 2, the speaker is implying that even though Mr. Putin's arguments may sound familiar to those of Hitler in 1938, the analogy between the two is still an exaggeration.","questions":"How does the speaker describe Mr. Putin's argumentation in relation to Hitler's in 1938?","answer":"Exaggeration"}
{"text":["He hasn't always fallen right in line with Trump by any means. He hasn't always fallen right in line with Trump by any means. He's been critical of Putin over some gas projects that he's been involved in. He's been critical of Putin over some gas projects that he's been involved in. But generally, he has held the Trump line. But generally, he has held the Trump line. So I think this is going to be interesting to go in. So I think this is going to be interesting to go in. He did have that one key moment in the text chain where he came in and clearly stated this was not quid pro quo but then suggested they get offline. He did have that one key moment in the text chain where he came in and clearly stated this was not quid pro quo but then suggested they get offline. So. . . So. . .","Right. Right.","So we'll see what happens once he jumps in there. So we'll see what happens once he jumps in there.","Are people following this in Portland?Are people following this in Portland?I mean, how are they reacting?I mean, how are they reacting?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"once he jumps in there\" implies once he gets involved.","questions":"Which action is being referred to with \"once he jumps in there\"?","answer":"Involvement"}
{"text":["Are you - at the same time, though, you're in Moscow. Are you, a very smart man, naive to think that Vladimir Putin is going to give you asylum without expecting something in return?","All throughout the Cold War in the United States, we protected dissidents from the Soviet government. These are, you know, writers. These are speakers. These are physicists. These are not people who can benefit the United States government even if they had wanted to. And we protected them nonetheless because of the message it sent.","Now, the Russian government doesn't get many chances in this context internationally, on the global stage, to do the right thing. I have been criticizing the Russian government while I am here. What more can I do to satisfy you or any of these critics who hold these positions?The reality is there is nothing that will satisfy them because it is their suspicion, it is their skepticism, it is their distrust of the Russian government as an institution which is motivating this.","I mean, do I have to detail for you the ways in which the Putin government has earned (laughter) some suspicion?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Russian goverment doesn't get many chances to do the right thing where people all over the world will see and know about it.","questions":"What is the reason behind the criticism of the Russian government by the speaker in the given context?","answer":"Distrust"}
{"text":["As the biggest impact there?","From the tech sector in today's economy?","Yes.","Yeah, just job loss. It's been a major - I mean, specifically, you're looking at places that are - manufacturing is taking a hit. Companies are looking to do more with less. You are seeing just in recent news, other technology companies like HP and others are making some type of adjustments to - not only their work force but also to their strategies, in a good way though."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Technology companies are restructuring and reducing their workforce","questions":"What is one negative impact faced by the manufacturing industry due to adjustments made by technology companies?","answer":"Less"}
{"text":["And so if we organize the production and the processing and distribution of organic foods on a large scale, there's efficiencies to be had. This is actually kind of an experiment, a test. You know, how much of the extra costs that you pay when you buy organic food - how much of that is just the fragmented nature of the business?How much of it is the small-scale aspect?And how much of it is inherent in organic production?","Well, there's no question that Walmart is kind of the king of logistics. But if you talk to some of their suppliers, they'll also complain that Walmart is the king of squeezing them and making them produce the product ever more cheaply at their own expense.","Right. So you could say this is a threat to some organic producers who are used to higher margins. On the other hand, I mean, the organic production is expanding, and if Walmart wants large quantities, they may have to outbid other producers. There is a limit right now on the amount of organic food for sale. They say they want to expand that, and there's no reason why they couldn't. There's lots of land out there. Right now, organic is actually a very small part of American food production, people say 5 percent or less. So there's no reason why Walmart couldn't expand organic production if they offered a good price. The question is can they do it cheaply?","Part of this has to do with trust. Are people going to stop going to Whole Foods and go over to Walmart 'cause they can get the eggs $2 cheaper?I'm a little skeptical."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : implies that Walmart may be able to produce organic food more cheaply than other producers and expand the market for organic food.","questions":"How is Walmart's potential to produce organic food related to the market expansion?","answer":"Cheaply"}
{"text":["You might, you know, you might call it so. I'm not their official and so I'm not particularly knowledgeable about, you know, all the reasons that go into this. I think that, in a way, it is hedging its bets, but I don't think that Jordan or any other Arab country's under any illusion that the regime will survive.","And what about potential remedies if, indeed, the country is strained to the breaking point - and I think that's probably an exaggeration - but nevertheless, strained in any case. Is the government of Jordan calling for remedies like a safe zone to be established along the - in Syrian territory, along the Jordanian border?Is it calling for no-fly zones?","No, not so far. No-fly zones and safe zones, as you know, will require a military intervention by, you know, by someone, by the international community, by NATO forces, by the United States or by Arab forces. They are not as easy to defend as they are to establish. So Jordan has so far not called for no-fly zones, but it has said it will go with the consensus of any international effort to try to remedy the situation.","Syria, of course, is not Jordan's only neighbor. Its also bordered by Saudi Arabia - both Saudi Arabia and the gulf states have been rather more active in supporting the Syrian opposition. Have they been putting pressure on Oman?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Jordan is open to international efforts to resolve the situation in Syria, but is not taking unilateral action","questions":"How is Jordan responding to the situation in Syria?","answer":"Consensus"}
{"text":["Yes, sir.","The Post and Courier, which is the newspaper there in Charleston, they got an article that between 1982 and 2011 there have been 25 high school track-related deaths either to the discus, the shot put or the javelin.","Correct.","And some, I mean, you know, some pretty gruesome descriptions of javelin injuries. You're not intimidated by that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"You're not intimidated by that?\" - This turn is a rhetorical question and does not literally ask whether the person is intimidated or not, but instead implies that they should be intimidated.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue is a rhetorical question?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["Yeah, thank you.","So tell us what the article said.","Well, it's very interesting. It's in the Jesuit magazine La Civilta Cattolica. It's a very historic magazine, the Jesuits, of course, being the same order that Pope Francis - an order of priest that Pope Francis is a part of. And what's very interesting is that these two authors are known to be quite close to him. One, Antonio Spadaro, was the person who interviewed him in 2013 and made a big splash. And what they're saying is that they're concerned about ties between fundamental evangelicals and, kind of, right-wing Catholics in the U. S.  that are focused only on very neuralgic issues and kind of dividing in politics.","And the article, I believe, specifically talks about xenophobic and Islamophobic views.","Yeah. What the authors say is that, you know, Pope Francis has really been trying to create a culture of dialogue encounter, really working with people across all the spectrums. And what the two authors in this article are saying is that these right-wing groups in the U. S.  have been really doing the opposite. Where Pope Francis is trying to build bridges, they're trying to build walls. And they're playing up concerns about migration, about refugees. And they're kind of operating in the exact opposite way of the pope which, for a Catholic, is obviously a very strange thing.","All right, this article also directly mentions President Donald Trump and his adviser Steve Bannon. What does it say about them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Xenophobic and Islamophobic views\" - The literal meaning is a fear or dislike of foreigners or Islamic religion.","questions":"What specific views does the article mention?","answer":"Views"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And again, with this fresh production, I think - it's like that Emily Dickinson quote: Tell the truth, but tell it slant. \"I think that is originally what Tennessee Williams was getting at with the idea of plastic theater; that it does not have to be a literal expression of the truth. You can come at it from an angle. And what's beautiful here is that John Tiffany, I think, takes that literally and created this abstract set with Bob Crowley. And what's also interesting to me, Scott, is that John is English, and Bob Crowley, the set designer, is Irish. And John said to me, you know, doing Tennessee Williams in America is like an American stage director doing Shakespeare in the UK. And this season there we have Pinter, we have Beckett, there are revivals of Shakespeare - but Tennessee Williams is the only American playwright being revived on Broadway in the fall.","With all due regard to Beckett and Shakespeare and the other fine playwrights you mentioned, I'd put Tennessee Williams up against all seven or eight of them.","I would too. I would too.","Barbara Chai of the Wall Street Journal. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"I'd put Tennessee Williams up against all seven or eight of them.\" The actual meaning here implies that the speaker considers Tennessee Williams to be on par with or equal to the other mentioned playwrights, rather than comparing them in a literal sense.","questions":"Which playwright does PersonB consider to be on par with or equal to the other mentioned playwrights?","answer":"Tennessee"}
{"text":["And it changed your behavior with your friends and family, right?","Oh, absolutely. I became alienated from most of my friends and everything because I wasn't there for them or with them. They had out to social events and things, my social event was to get to the casino as quickly as I could in order to gain money.","And what did it do to your marriage?","Well, I got a divorce. I ended up in divorce. I ended up with my wife getting everything plus the kids. And basically, I was out in the streets trying to survive."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A's gambling addiction caused him to isolate himself from friends and family","questions":"Which addiction?","answer":"Gambling"}
{"text":["So many things were surprising, Scott, including the willingness of hard-core partisans in both parties to overlook big, obvious problems for their candidates in the primaries and in the fall. And I've been amazed that, for example, the willingness of so many evangelical Christians, people who wanted to emphasize social issues, to embrace Donald Trump with all of his history and all of his attitudes.","Hillary Clinton is ahead in the polls. But the last Washington-ABC News poll showed that she is less trusted than Donald Trump despite the fact that the news industry has documented many lies that he's told during this campaign. How has she run such a strong campaign despite the lack of trust?","One could be cynical and say some of us don't expect to trust our politicians. But look, this is the presidency. And in weighing the balance of assets, her experience does matter to many. She projects determination. She has the support of a united party - unusually united - and a newly popular first couple campaigning for her. And finally, there is her historic appeal to women.","Ron, ratings for news have been through the roof during this campaign. Will you miss it or may the campaign maybe not be over on Tuesday?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3):  When A says \"One could be cynical and say some of us don't expect to trust our politicians.But look, this is the presidency.And in weighing the balance of assets, her experience does matter to many.She projects determination.She has the support of a united party - unusually united - and a newly popular first couple campaigning for her.And finally, there is her historic appeal to women,\" the implied meaning is that while some people may be cynical about trusting politicians, many voters are willing to overlook trust issues and instead prioritize other factors such as experience, determination, and support from a united party and popular figures. Furthermore, A suggests that Hillary Clinton's historic appeal to women is another factor that contributes to her strong campaign. This is different from the literal meaning of the words, which simply describe the reasons why Clinton's experience matters to many voters.","questions":"Which factor contributes to Hillary Clinton's strong campaign, according to A?","answer":"Historic"}
{"text":["And we've been getting reaction. President Trump has tweeted his condolences. And there's reaction coming in from around the world on this Easter Sunday. Tell us what you've heard.","Right. So this footage is just so disturbing. And so people in other time zones are waking up to the horror of this and sending in these messages of shock and condemnation. President Trump, as you mentioned, tweeted heartfelt condolences. He said, quote, \"we stand ready to help\" - exclamation point. Also, messages are coming in from European leaders and the prime minister of New Zealand, which sadly just suffered attacks on some of its own places of worship - mosques - last month. Pope Francis spoke at St.  Peter's Square in Rome. He said he wants to express his affectionate closeness to the Christian community in Sri Lanka and to the victims there.","Lauren, can you give us some background?There was a long civil war in Sri Lanka, which ended in 2009. What is the context for these attacks?","That's right. So what's sad is that Sri Lanka was just about to celebrate 10 years of peace - almost to the day - since that civil war ended. It was a bloody war; it lasted 26 years. Sri Lanka is a mostly Buddhist country - about 70 percent. It also has significant religious minorities - Hindus, Muslims and Christians."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People don't actually stand ready to help but they are alert and ready to help when needed.","questions":"What did President Trump tweet in response to the Sri Lanka attacks?","answer":"Ready"}
{"text":["And tell us a bit about the ocean bed.","It's a bit rockier than the Rockies. It's that sort of terrain. The location they're looking at is at the foot of a huge mountain. That mountain rises about three and a half kilometers. That's about two miles up from the sea floor. So it's on a really quite steep terrain. We don't know whether the seabed there is muddy, silty - in which case things can sink into the seabed - or whether it's rocky. We've got better maps of the moon's surface for this area than we do of the seabed itself. So, you know, if someone said to you, this is on the moon, we could tell you what the terrain was like. We don't really know what it's like here. We don't have detailed maps.","I have a lot of respect for the Royal Australian Navy, but has anybody ever been able to pick up something this deep in the ocean before?","The technology is there, but it's rare. And there isn't - there aren't that many vehicles that can operate at these sorts of depths."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"It's a bit rockier than the Rockies.\" This phrase is a figurative expression, meaning that the ocean bed is rocky, like the Rocky Mountains, but not necessarily to the same degree of rockiness as the mountains.","questions":"What is the meaning of the phrase \"It's a bit rockier than the Rockies\" in the context of PersonA's description of the ocean bed?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Some of our questions are very basic. Were you a slaveholder?Did your money come from the labor of enslaved people?Many of the questions we're asking at our university are the same as the questions that people are asking at other universities. But I think we have one very special part of our story. That is that Princeton really was a very Southern school.","And it turns out that between 1790 and the outbreak of the Civil War, about 40 percent of our students came from the South. That's extraordinary. And there were some consequences of this very Southern orientation of our student body. There were some horrific acts of violence in our community in the 1830s and '40s as Southern boys raised in slaveholding families came to this town in New Jersey and encountered a free black community for the first time in their lives.","These Southern students were important to our school. Their tuition money was important. Keeping their parents happy was important. So the ethos on our campus was, let's just not talk about this stuff. Let's keep the peace.","Obviously, we are having a debate in this country right now about the legacy of the Civil War. And as a historian, I'd like your thoughts on how you resolve the tension between remembering and honoring."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"remembering and honoring\" - While these two terms are often used synonymously or interchangeably, in this context they represent distinct and potentially conflicting objectives. Remembering implies a willingness to confront the past and acknowledge its complexities and injustices, while honoring suggests a desire to celebrate and venerate a particular heritage or tradition without necessarily engaging with its darker aspects.","questions":"What two objectives do \"remembering and honoring\" represent in the context of the legacy of the Civil War?","answer":"Remembering"}
{"text":["Well, the short answer's yes. The deforestation program in Brazil has been enormously successful. Between 2004 and 2012, deforestation fell by more than 80%. That's a shocking success. The challenge is that since 2012, deforestation has ticked up. There's also been a backlash against some of the environmental policies that were put in place under the former government.","Well, as we mentioned, Germany and Norway recently decided to pull their funding out of this Amazon Fund. What made them do that, specifically?","So this is largely an international response to concerns that deforestation is on the rise. And in particular, it's a response to the rhetoric that the administration of Jair Bolsonaro has been putting out. Bolsonaro has basically said to the people in the country that deforestation is OK, development at all costs is OK.  And a lot of scientists fear that that message is starting to take hold, that landowners in the hinterlands in the Amazon are starting to listen, and now they're burning their fields and they're taking advantage of this.","So do you think this latest move by Norway and Germany to freeze their funds could actually sway Bolsonaro?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People are starting to follow suit in regards to the actions of others.","questions":"What is the message that Bolsonaro is conveying to the people in the country?","answer":"Development"}
{"text":["Now, the first Crohn's gene was cofounded here at the University of Chicago by one of my colleagues. And subsequently, multiple genes for Crohn's disease have been found, most of which have to do with how the body's immune system interacts with the bugs living in the gut.","This is SCIENCE FRIDAY, from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow, talking with Dr.  Russell Cohen. And so there's more than one gene involved, is what you're saying.","Well, yes, there are multiple genes, and there's been big breakthroughs in genetic discoveries with something called genome-wide association, GWAS. So now the genes are falling out of the sky at us every time a group does a big genetic study.","Falling out of the sky. They're - is it that easy to discover them, or are there are just so many you can't really narrow down the important ones?Or are they all important?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There are so many genes that it is difficult to determine which ones are important","questions":"How would you describe the challenge of narrowing down important genes for Crohn's disease?","answer":"difficulty"}
{"text":["Well, it's very worrying. We've got nearly 1,900 people infected, 1,200 people dead, and over the last several weeks, the rate of new infections has jumped dramatically. We're seeing more than 100 new cases every week. And that's because there is a lot of violence, gunmen storming Ebola treatment centers assassinating health workers. And there's this suggestion that a lot of the violence is actually coordinated, that Ebola is being used as a political weapon. And that's what's led to this really quite remarkable U. N.  decision.","You said remarkable. What's the significance of this decision?","Well, until now, the outbreak response on the international side has really been led by health officials, the World Health Organization. But the U. N.  does have a large peacekeeping force in Congo. And the deputy head of that, his name is David Gressly, that is who they've appointed to this new position that they've created. In other words, it's a recognition that they have to treat this as much as a political problem as a health problem.","This is a place where you have a lot of political players who've been jockeying for position against each other and against factions of the national government. And it seems like a lot of them have connections to these small armed groups all through the area that are said to be behind a lot of these attacks on Ebola responders. Basically, it's a way to destabilize the area as a way to gain power against your rivals."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"it's a recognition that they have to treat this as much as a political problem as a health problem\" - The actual meaning is different from the literal meaning. The intended meaning is that the situation is not just a health issue, but also a political issue that requires attention and action, rather than literally recognizing something.","questions":"What is the new position that the U.N. has created?","answer":"Deputy"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, since the first century, it becomes sort of the core element of Christian prayer. Obviously, there's a huge amount of diversity today among different groups of Christians and in antiquity. Likewise, there is a huge amount of variation. But in the Gospel of Matthew and in the Gospel of Luke, it's used to teach Jesus's followers the right way of praying - sort of the model for prayer.","And so why is it that the pope is supportive of the change?I do want to note that it's not that he wrote it. It was approved by the - maybe he did. I don't know. But it was approved by the General Assembly of the Episcopal Conference of Italy last month, and the pope has approved it. But I do understand that he said back in 2017 that he thought the wording should be altered. Why is that?What does he think this new wording does that the old one did not?","Well, the old wording - lead us not into temptation - can imply that God has some hand in leading people into sin or allowing people to sin or tempting them. And so I think the pope is uncomfortable with that idea, which is fair enough.","And now to your view of it because you are an expert in, among other things, the Greek New Testament. So tell me your concern - or is it an objection to it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase 'lead us not into temptation' does not mean that God leads people into sin, but that we ask God to help us resist temptation.","questions":"What is the core element of Christian prayer?","answer":"Model"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So boys are broken. What did you mean by that?","I want to clarify that I am not an expert in gender studies. I'm not an expert really in anything, other than maybe '80s music. And so my thoughts are reflective on my experiences and the experiences of people around me and my observations after living 46 years as a dude. What do I mean by boys are broken?I think it means that there is something going on with American men that is giving them the permission and space to commit violence. And one of the main things we focus on correctly is guns and mental health, but I think deeper than that is a problem, a crisis in masculinity.","You wrote in this that the last 50 years redefined womanhood. Women were taught that they can be anything. No commensurate movement for men, who are still generally locked to the same rigid, outdated model of masculinity. And it's killing us. When you say that there's this rigid masculinity, what do you mean by that - that men aren't able to express themselves?","Partially, yeah. I also think that masculinity doesn't have a language in the way that femininity has come to have a language. We understand that femininity can be much more broadly encompassing than masculinity now. When you think of a strong woman, that doesn't rob her of any of her femininity. But when you think of a fragile man, that has the effect culturally, I think, of neutering that guy. And so much of masculinity is rooted in sexuality."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Boys are broken implies that there is a crisis in masculinity giving American men the permission and space to commit violence.","questions":"How does masculinity affect men's ability to express themselves?","answer":"rigid"}
{"text":["I think, it means, that the voters, or the people being polled as voters, don't take their cues from the media, which is not really hard to believe. I think most people absorb a certain amount of media information that they choose from certain sources of media information. They generally tend to go to ones that they find simpatico. They may agree or not agree with a lot of what they hear, but they make up their own minds, and they make up their minds on the basis of things that were in their minds before they went to the media.","Well, Ron. Thanks so much.","My pleasure, Farai.","Ron Elving is NPR's senior Washington editor. He joined us from NPR's headquarters in Washington, D. C."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The media does not have as much influence over voters as people might think.","questions":"How do voters make up their minds?","answer":"Own"}
{"text":["Or probably not their wives, actually.","(Laughter) No, they were mistresses. They were wives. As as everybody explained to me, this was pre-AIDS. You know, the swinging '70s. Up to about '82, no one had kind of realized that promiscuity can bounce back and hit you in really deadly ways.","So, Roben, there's all this craziness and excess. But at the same time, of course, this cocaine trade brought a world of violence to Miami. And you talk about the murder rate in Dade County, which is doubling in just a couple of years.","You think about the combustibility in those wild cash profits. And on top of the fact, in 1980, Fidel Castro says that he's flushing his toilets on the United States. He unleashes 125,000 refugees - maybe 10,000 to 15,000 of those were criminals. Some of the most violent ones indeed had their weapons of choice tattooed on the inside of their lips. So Miami was really ill-prepared to handle that inundation. There were race riots going on. And amid all of this, you have the hot pursuit of cocaine, money and sex and speedboats. And lots of really deranged things, in 20\/20 hindsight, happened in that midst."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In the 70s and early 80s, promiscuity was common and not well-understood as a health risk.","questions":"Which decade was promiscuity not well-understood as a health risk?","answer":"70s"}
{"text":["Thanks to everyone who wrote in.","And best of luck to all of you out there who, like us, are trying to reinvent yourselves.","And thanks to our senior producer, Steve Proffitt. Steve, thank you. I don't know; what shall call you now from now on, if you're going to reinvent yourself?","How about Steve?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They wished luck to people that are trying to make changes in their lives that make them act different or live different than they did before.","questions":"Which type of people did PersonA and PersonB wish luck to?","answer":"Listeners"}
{"text":["Well, what Bill Lockyer, the State Treasurer is telling us, and what the governor is telling us is that we are in real trouble right now. Lockyer has said that we will not be able to meet payroll by the end of this month unless something is done to unfreeze the credit markets and the state is credit worthy.","I mean, it's the eight largest economy in the world. But they've been unable to obtain the normal short-term financing to meet cash flow needs. And when the state runs out of money that means that cities and counties and school districts also run out of money.","Has the state ever had to do this before, go to the federal government and say we need money now, help us?","I think this is unprecedented and certainly the state ordinarily would be solving their cash flow needs out of the regular market, not from the federal government. And what the governor is saying is that he would be asking the federal government to serve that role for the state of California."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The state of California is in financial trouble and may not be able to pay its employees or meet its financial obligations","questions":"Which state is facing financial trouble and may not be able to pay its employees?","answer":"California"}
{"text":["Well, I think what I heard - and I heard it over the three days - is that the president is not going to let up pressure on Japan, on Prime Minister Abe on trade. Despite the close personal relationship, despite all the pageantry of this visit, it was just at the surface that the president was getting a little irritated with the arguments that Japan has been making on trade.","I think that this is not going to bode well for how this is going to end up. Mr.  Abe doesn't have a lot of latitude to give the president what he wants. But I think they're trying very hard to keep it from bursting the seams, so to speak, on the overall political strategic relationship.","What about on North Korea?As Anthony alluded to there, President Trump contradicted not only his host, the prime minister, but his own national security adviser, John Bolton, on the significance of these recent missile launches from North Korea and whether they violate U. N.  Security Council resolutions. How significant a disagreement is that between Tokyo and Washington?","I think that will be a disappointment for Prime Minister Abe for a couple of reasons. You know, again, President Trump said he was not personally concerned about the tests, still trying to lay out what I think he thinks is the base for a bargain with Kim Jong Un, and that is an economic development strategy by North Koreans that will then mitigate the military challenge."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Prime Minister Abe will be disappointed by President Trump's lack of concern for North Korea's missile tests","questions":"How will Prime Minister Abe feel about President Trump's stance on North Korea's missile tests?","answer":"Disappointed"}
{"text":["Short word - yes. That is exactly what happened. And that includes in regular order a lot of backroom negotiation. And there is no guarantee of success for all of that, but at least if people know that they are back to what they need to do and know how to do best, sure, we could be right back here in three weeks with the difference being this far smaller chance of a shutdown. Now, they really ought to be able to do what they do best in that period of time, but if not, the president will be back in the same poker game with a far weaker hand than the one he just folded this week.","Roger Stone, one of the president's closest friends, a longtime adviser, of course was arrested yesterday, charged with lying to Congress, witness tampering, among other things. What does this tell us about the Mueller investigation?","It tells us that investigation is as robust as ever and moving forward. The former CIA chief, John Brennan, said yesterday he expects many more indictments in the weeks ahead, including some people who are household names. Now, the Mueller team is closely following the performance of some other actors like Paul Manafort, an old business partner of Roger Stone's. They say he has not followed through with the factual and truthful testimony he promised when he pled guilty on several counts last year. So that's another space to be watching.","Report from NBC this week - Jared Kushner got his security clearance only after administration officials overruled career security specialists. What do you make of this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : short word in this context means to sum something up","questions":"What is the purpose of the \"short word\" in the context of the conversation?","answer":"Summarize"}
{"text":["Now I'm more self-assured, and - but the thing now, which is funny, is that my kids sort of act the way parents, I think, act for most people, you know, when they're teenagers, that I sneak around dating under the noses of my kids. So when they're asleep in the other room, I can have a date and close the door and, you know, not have them know about it.","Have you ever been busted?","No. That's what I have locks on the doors. I'm very good about that.","One time when we were - you know, when I was engaged after the divorce, and I remember one night, the next morning my son said something like, you know, were you hurt last night?Something about the noises he heard the night before, and that was horrifying."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"I sneak around dating under the noses of my kids.\" - The literal meaning is that the person is secretly dating someone while their kids are around. However, the actual meaning is that the person is dating when their kids are asleep and unaware of it.","questions":"Which action of the person's children is being compared to that of most parents when their teenagers are dating?","answer":"Teenagers"}
{"text":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Karodzic's brother made a mistake that ultimately exposed his identity.","questions":"How was Karodzic's identity exposed?","answer":"Slip"}
{"text":["We've been covering the life and legacy of President George H. W. Bush today. A look now at his foreign policy; the first major foreign crisis for the U. S.  after the end of the Cold War occurred during his presidency. In August of 1990, Saddam Hussein, the leader of Iraq, ordered his army to invade Kuwait. The small gulf country was a major supplier of oil to the U. S.  Saudi Arabia was also worried. So in December, the United States launched Operation Desert Shield. We're going to turn now to a well-traveled war correspondent, our colleague, NPR's Deborah Amos. She arrived in Saudi Arabia two days after the invasion of Kuwait and was there for the duration. Deb, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning, Scott.","Tell us about Gulf War I. It was preceded by a lot of diplomacy, wasn't it?","Well, he - President Bush is remembered for this phrase - this will not stand, this aggression against Kuwait will not stand. Here was a leader who - he was the last president who served in World War II. He was a diplomat. But what was important about the way he embraced this war, he was proud of being prudent. You know, it's said that. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The first major foreign crisis for the U.S. after the end of the Cold War occurred during his presidency.","questions":"Which country did Saddam Hussein order his army to invade?","answer":"Kuwait"}
{"text":["Yeah. You know what I mean?It's difficult, especially when sisters - and often in the conversation it is said that, you know, you hear a lot about black women being narcissistic or black women being gold diggers. And when you talk to young brothers, they say that a lot. That conversation comes up. That happens. And then when you talk to black women who are accomplished, they're saying, I can't find a brother. I date outside my race because I can't find a brother willing to deal with me on my level. And everybody starts to become a little bit accusatory. You know, sisters are gold diggers, that's why they won't go out with a guy that's not a doctor as well. And you know, brothers are, you know. . .","Right.","Have too many options.","Well, Judge Toler, you know what?This could go on for a lot longer, but we have to break off. I think we're going to have to pick this up. What do you think?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Right implies being correct or true and not the opposite of left ","questions":"Which direction did PersonB agree with?","answer":"Correct"}
{"text":["Absolutely. No question. When I first started to sing, the last thing I wanted to do was sing my dad's music. And ironically, when I was signed to a label, it was Capitol Records, which I thought that they would be like, oh, you got to sing your dad's music. But they did not. . .","He made Capitol Records.","He certainly did. The house that Nat built. But they did not insist on that, whereas I went to two other labels and they said, well, are you going to sing your father's music?And I said no. And it took 15 years into my career before I felt comfortable and confident enough to even attempt at singing my father's music.","Like a lot of famous fathers, Nat King Cole was often away from home. He died when Natalie was just 15. She had some rough times in the years that followed, sometimes making her own name in all the wrong ways with drugs and drink. But she sought help and she persisted, having her own R&B hits in the 1970s before she recorded a 1991 duet with the recorded voice of her father that sold over seven million copies and won many Grammys."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Singing my dad's music wasn't literally the last thing I wanted to do, it just means I really didn't want to do it. ","questions":"What was the label that signed Natalie Cole?","answer":"Capitol"}
{"text":["Yeah. After the West Africa outbreak, there was this sense that, you know, we're in much better shape. We know more about it. We've got new treatment options. We've got a vaccine that's out there.","But in this one, it really has been this perfect storm. The area that this occurred in is incredibly poor, that had poor health care infrastructure beforehand. It's incredibly volatile; there's these militias that have basically been running that part of the Democratic Republic of Congo for decades. They're vying for control of minerals. And, you know, they have really undermined any governmental institutions that would be there.","And then all these health care workers show up to try to contain the Ebola treatment unit - that Ebola, you know, outbreak, and some of them were attacked, even killed. The World Health Organization yesterday was saying they've documented 198 attacks on Ebola clinics and workers over the last year. So obviously, that's an incredibly high number for attacks on a health response, you know, even in a declared war zone.","Well, I mean, yeah, it is a war zone, but why attack - specifically attack clinics that you know are treating a disease?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is becoming very dangerous for workers to run Ebola clinics","questions":"Which healthcare workers are facing danger while running Ebola clinics?","answer":"healthcare"}
{"text":["That's absolutely - and people are outraged at the written bylines. They just haven't taken that conversation from the words to the images.","You have cited a bombshell report in the Columbia Journalism Review by Kristen Chick. It documents assault, harassment, allegations against prominent men in the field. And you, I gather, were not surprised.","We all knew this. We all know how bad it's been. I've been in this industry for almost two decades. I've been paid less by men, overlooked on assignments that have been given to men. I've been groped and intimidated in the field and in the workplace by men. But I have been lucky for the most part. Kristen interviewed 50 women over five months, named two prominent photographers but, more importantly, detailed an industry that is rampant with physical, emotional, mental discrimination that is preventing women from being behind the camera, that is causing women to leave the industry but also that is signaling to women, this is the cost of business. This is what you have to accept if you want to do this job.","I want to drill down on one of the photojournalism agencies involved in these allegations. That's VII. It's an incredibly prominent agency, influential in the field. Can you remind us of what those allegations are about?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Not a shell of a bomb, but a very surprising bit of information that shocks people.","questions":"Which report shocked people with surprising bit of information?","answer":"Report"}
{"text":["Well, I want to offer condolences to you and the Virginia Beach community. I'm wondering what you can tell us about how people are holding up. I understand you visited a hospital where some of the people wounded in the shooting are being treated still.","I did. You know, this is - again, it's a horrific tragedy, and our hearts go out to certainly the 12 victims that showed up for work yesterday for the city of Virginia Beach intending to go home. And this tragedy occurred, and they weren't able to. And so there's a tremendous void in their families and our community right now. There's a lot of hurt and healing that needs to take place.","I was able to go to the hospital this morning. My intentions were twofold. I wanted to thank the caregivers, the doctors, the nurses and the administrators. And then also, I was able to speak with one of the patients and the families. And they're just such strong and faithful people and just going through what must be one of the hardest experiences in their lives. They were just very grateful for the care that they were receiving and grateful for the heroic work of the law enforcement agents yesterday.","Inevitably, after each mass shooting, there are calls for tighter gun laws. You introduced a number of gun control bills in Virginia's General Assembly back in January, not even six months ago."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is expressing sympathy for the victims and their families.","questions":"What is the void in the families and community due to?","answer":"Void"}
{"text":["Unfortunately, under the rule, no.","Robert Strassburger, vice president for vehicle safety at the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers.","The sound to be emitted really has to be instantly recognizable as a motor vehicle in operation.","Mr.  Strassburger worked with the National Federation of the Blind to develop the rules. At first, he says, he told them, but we've worked for 30 years to make cars quiet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A's response implies that the rule does not allow for the requested action.","questions":"How does PersonA respond to the request?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["I think we typically are having a totally misguided debate about racism in this country.","And in exactly the way you're saying, in that people get accused of racism. They become massively defensive because it's a word that should destroy you. And so you totally resist it, and we're not really discussing policies.","Exactly. And, I mean, obviously if you could express in one minute racist ideas and in the next minute anti-racist ideas, and what we're saying is stop expressing those racist ideas and start recognizing the equality of racial groups, then that's a completely different discussion.","Well, let's talk about the president's remark that set this off, in which he said that four women of color who are in Congress, who are Democrats, should go back where they came from and try to clean up their messed-up countries. We at NPR have been pretty explicit in labeling that as old racist language. Go back where you came from is a thing that's been said by a lot of people for a long time. But you're the scholar. Is that a racist statement?And if so, why is it a racist statement?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : destroy you meaning your character for being labeled as such ","questions":"Which word is used to describe language that has been explicitly labeled as old racist language?","answer":"Racist"}
{"text":["Yeah.","I'm also told by White House officials the Secret Service director was not connected to security questions at Mar-a-Lago. It was in the works before the latest security breach there - Chinese woman with a lot of passports and hard drives.","Right.","But - so this is not necessarily directly connected to immigration unlike Nielsen's resignation, which was immigration-related."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the phrase \"in the works\" does not mean that something is being constructed or manufactured, but rather that plans or preparations are being made. Similarly, \"security questions\" does not refer to queries about security, but instead refers to security concerns or issues.","questions":"How does the phrase \"in the works\" in turn 2 differ from its usual meaning?","answer":"Preparations"}
{"text":["It's out of sight. It's really high. We have actual concentrations and standards that are somewhere like four, five times lower than that. So, these are all very, very high numbers, even when they're low on the Chinese scale.","It sounds as though you could project things ahead for the beginning of the Olympics. What would you expect?","Well, it's pretty good right now. But I've just been looking at the extended forecast for winds, and the middle of next week, things are going to change quite radically, around the 3rd or the 4th. The big high-pressure system from out over the Pacific is going to kick in, and that's going to produce strong winds coming over the polluted areas to the south of Beijing, and it's going to pick up a lot of pollution. And according to these forecasts, it's going to be a pretty dirty end of next week. And unfortunately, that coincides with the Opening Ceremonies a week from today.","Ken, these are official Chinese numbers that you're working with, and you are sitting there in Rhode Island looking at these. Are the numbers trustworthy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"It's out of sight.\" - This does not literally mean that the object is out of sight. It implies that the object is not visible or noticeable, and the speaker is emphasizing its high concentration level.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the concentration level of the object mentioned?","answer":"High"}
{"text":["Hey, Mary Louise.","So how serious is this?What else do we know?","We don't really know a lot more. We learned of this in a brief statement from campaign senior adviser Jeff Weaver. He said, as you mentioned in the intro there, that Sanders had felt some chest discomfort last night at a campaign event. And what they also told us is that Sanders had a blockage in one artery. Two stents were inserted. His campaign has really not said a whole lot more than that except that events will be canceled until further notice but that the senator is, quote, \"in good spirits. \"He is resting up for a few days.","Now, I did talk to Steven Nissen today. He's a cardiologist at the Cleveland Clinic. He's not the doctor that worked on Sanders, but he just sort of told me what to expect in these cases, what the prognosis is. And pretty much what he told me is this. The way to look at it is that heart disease is, indeed, serious, but this is also a very routine procedure."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Sanders is feeling happy and hopeful after the procedure.","questions":"What is Sanders' emotional state after the procedure?","answer":"Hopeful"}
{"text":[". . . He maintained a hold too long. That hold became deadly force. . .","Right.",". . . That his commissioner decided was not necessary at the point that it was being used.","However, there was a long review of not just the commissioner. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A case of police brutality is being investigated and all involved are subject to that investigation","questions":"What is being investigated?","answer":"Deadly"}
{"text":["Well, they do do some of it. Delta in the most recent quarter had about 300 million dollars in gains from fuel hedges, but the biggest problem is other airlines just don't have the cash or the credit to put into this. Southwest has the luxury of very strong financial balance sheet so they can put their money to work years ahead of time. Other airlines, you know, if you're cutting costs, if you're fighting for survival, if your cash is tight, your employees are getting laid off, you know, it's hard to say hey, we're going to buy some fuel for 2012.","And Delta was in bankruptcy proceedings, it had to unload everything it could to deal with its debt.","That's right, very costly. Delta actually had good fuel hedges leading into the 2004 bankruptcy. They had to sell those to raise some cash in the bankruptcy, but selling early meant they lost out on a whole lot of profits that they could have had later on.","Scott, you're a travel writer but you do write for the Wall Street Journal, so maybe you can answer this question for me. On the day that Southwest reported things going very well, its stock actually fell by a dollar to just under 15 dollars a share. Now, how does that work?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Other airlines have too much financial strain to be able to invest in fuel hedging.","questions":"Which airlines are facing financial constraints that prevent them from investing in fuel hedging?","answer":"Other"}
{"text":["Well, experts and the public are very divided about this matter, as they are on the whole issue of nuclear power in Japan. Critics point out that a lot of the technology for removing the melted reactor cores and stopping radioactive water from going to the sea is still untested. TEPCO emphasized to me that they have multiple contingency plans in place to deal with every possible scenario. And they say they're making progress. At the same time, they admit that none of this is 100 percent risk-free.","Anthony, may I ask, how are you?","I feel good enough. I don't feel eradiated. I was wrapped from head to toe in protective gear, including three layers of gloves, a suit, a face mask, a respirator and a dosimeter, which measures radiation. It was uncomfortable, but I was only in there for a couple of hours. And then I came out. They scanned me numerous times. And at the end of the day, TEPCO's judgment was that I had absorbed about as much radiation as a chest X-ray. But who's to say?","NPR's Anthony Kuhn in Tokyo. Thanks so much for being with us, Anthony."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"I feel good enough. I don't feel irradiated.\" Implicated Meaning: The speaker states that they feel physically fine and unaffected by radiation exposure, implying that they may not be fully aware of the potential long-term effects or the accuracy of the assessment.","questions":"Which assessment did TEPCO make about Anthony's radiation absorption?","answer":"X-ray"}
{"text":["You're speaking with us from near Manchester, England, at the moment, where there was an attack. You're based in London, where there's been another attack. Can you describe the mood?","The mood is very alarmed. I've been literally corresponding with hundreds of British-Muslim community members across the country. And there is a genuine feeling of shock beyond the last few attacks because of the severity of this and the frequency of it. And there is a sense - a real sense that something has to change.","Now, I know all sectors are feeling this. But, you know, what they're telling me is that, you know, we're going to have to face some difficult questions. Now the only thing is, how are we going to handle those questions?Is it going to be as a community, as part of wider society?Or are Muslim communities going to be a target?That's going to make a little bit of a difference here.","Just briefly - we only have about 30 seconds - how is the Muslim community reacting?This is the holy month of Ramadan, a time of prayer and reflection."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"we're going to have to face some difficult questions\" - This turn is meant to suggest that there are challenging issues that need to be addressed following the recent attacks. The actual meaning of the turn is the same as its literal meaning.","questions":"Which community?","answer":"Muslim"}
{"text":["Let me move on to another issue. I was covering both the Democratic and Republican Conventions, and one of the biggest applause lines during the Republican Conventions had to do with drilling for oil. Drill now, drill now, drill now. There is a serious set of distinctions between Senator Obama's policy towards energy and the McCain campaigns policy towards energy. Very briefly, very briefly, describe them to me, as they would affect consumers.","OK, I would say three distinct differences. One, the emphasis of McCain has been on drilling. The facts show that he U. S.  consumes 25 percent of the world's oil and has 3 percent of the reserves. So it's obvious that we cannot drill our way out of that problem.","Obama's focus has been on what can we do in the immediate run, and in the long run, to wean our dependence on oil. And that means investing in an extensive program to convert the economy with green jobs and research, deployment, development of alternative energy. And it also means efficiencies, conservation, raising fuel standards and things to reduce our demand.","So emphasizing the whole portfolio of energies and reducing our demand, but we know that ultimately we've got to move to a different source of energy, and that's the only way to do it. And that is a very big difference between the two candidates."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Obama's energy policy focuses on reducing dependence on oil through green energy and efficiency measures","questions":"How does Obama plan to reduce dependence on oil?","answer":"Green"}
{"text":["Hanna was a bride. That is, she was a North Korean woman who was kidnapped in North Korea and taken to China where she was sold as a bride to a Chinese man. This is a big market in China. After 30 years of a one-child policy and Chinese couples' preference for boys, there is a severe shortage of young women in China today. And the one thing many young men want most in life is a bride. So they place an order for one from North Korea.","For how much?","It depends. Every North Korean bride I interviewed told me that she remembered the price for which she was sold, but roughly, it's $1,500 or $2,000.","And once in this relationship, if you can call it that, how did she escape?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : North Korean women are being sold as brides to Chinese men due to a shortage of young women in China","questions":"How much is the approximate price for a North Korean bride sold to a Chinese man?","answer":"$1,500-or-$2,000"}
{"text":["So as these bills sort of started to, once again, be introduced in state legislatures this year, the first thing on my agenda was to speak to Janet Porter and basically talk to her about why she felt this bill was important and why she was advocating for it.","And what did she say?","She said that she felt the bill was important because, as its intended effect, it would outlaw the vast majority of abortions. And more importantly, it would give the U. S.  Supreme Court an opportunity to reinterpret Roe v.  Wade.","I think many people are familiar with Roe v.  Wade, but just in the event that they are not, Roe v.  Wade provides women with the constitutional right to an abortion up to the point of what's called viability. And that's when a fetus can survive outside the womb. It's generally understood to be about 24 weeks. A full-term pregnancy is 40 weeks.","So these bills and the ability to get an abortion at about six weeks. That's before most women know they're pregnant. And the strategy from Porter is to get it before the Supreme Court, and give the Supreme Court an opportunity to reinterpret the standard by which Roe v.  Wade was decided.","So can you just tell me a little bit more about her?Like, what motivates her?Where do her ideas come from?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : This implies that there is a contradiction between the state bill against abortion and  Roe v. Wade.","questions":"What would the state bill against abortion do to the vast majority of abortions if enacted?","answer":"Outlaw"}
{"text":["Yeah, it's still very present. I don't think it's still very accurate. I think what this proves is that 5 billion songs is $5 billion, and so they are still saying that global music sales have dropped 8percent to about 19. 4 billion, according to the phonographic industry.","So they are seeing some sales still decline, but you're seeing digital music rise, so I think these music labels are needed to get with the program and get over this fear of piracy, and - and look at this say, you know what?Five billion songs, that's a lot of music that anyone could be buying. I mean, that's just - you know, at the end of the day, that's a lot of music to be purchased.","Mario, thanks so much.","Thank you, Farai.","Mario Armstrong is News & Notes regular technology contributor, and he joined us from the studios of the Baltimore Sun."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Digital music sales are increasing, music labels need to adapt to the changing market.","questions":"Which market is changing?","answer":"Market"}
{"text":["You may have seen it. The photo has been everywhere on social media - a gunman, this week outside a federal courthouse in Dallas. It's one of those pictures that makes you wonder just how the photographer got it. The gunman appears to be only a few feet away from the camera, a military-style rifle in his hand. He's decked out in tactical gear, wearing a face mask with a hole for his eyes, and those eyes appear to be looking right into the camera.","Soon after the photo was taken, the gunman was shot dead by law enforcement. No one else was seriously injured. To hear the story of the photo, I spoke to the person who took it, Tom Fox of The Dallas Morning News. He told me about the moment he first heard the shooter.","There was about three quick shots. And at the time, it sounded like backfire.","Like of a car or something, you mean."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"like backfire\" as a way of clarifying the sound that they heard, rather than suggesting that the sound was actually similar to the backfiring of a car. It suggests that the speaker understood the previous speaker's description of the sound, and is confirming that they heard the same thing.","questions":"How did the speaker clarify the sound they heard?","answer":"Clarify"}
{"text":["OK, now let's talk nuts and bolts here, Nick. How close are we to actually getting something of practical use outside of the experimental laboratory here?","We don't know because we're relying on technology to improve to bring those prices down. But we've looked at what's been going on in the last few years, driven by genome research. And the most expensive stage is synthesizing DNA - the prices there drop by a factor of 10 about every five years. So 10 years from now, it will be 100 times cheaper, and our projections are that at that point it's something you or I might be able to afford to do for information that was of great value to us that we wanted to keep on something like a 50-year time scale.","And that's something like - you know, maybe that will be my children taking a video recording of their wedding and wanting to put that somewhere safe for their grandchildren. It will be expensive, but it will be possible. And if you care enough about the information you want to pass down through a couple of generations, you might choose to do it.","I'll place it on the shelf right next to my 3-D printer when I. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : nuts and bolts in this context means schematics, or the finer details","questions":"Which stage is the most expensive in synthesizing DNPersonA according to A?","answer":"Synthesizing"}
{"text":["So we really need to do research and try to pin that down. Another thing that's critical is - so what is the long-term prospect for our cities and our ports?How much is the sea level going to rise?What are our coast lines going to look like?Well, that depends upon how fast Greenland and parts of the West Antarctic ice sheet melt. That's a big unknown.","There was a piece appearing in the New York Times this week that described new research that basically found even if we curb emissions now, climate change will likely continue until at least the year 3000. Do you feel like there is any solution?Can we ever go back?","We should not think about the fact that we're going to be pristine and back what we were like before the industrial revolution. I think we have to have a different notion. We have used the industrial revolution to get rich. We've improved our quality of life. Now, those very techniques are reducing the quality of life through environmental side effects. Let's try to prevent it from getting a lot worse.","So while we can't stop a few degrees of warming on top of where we already are, we can stop the 10 degrees. My notion is do as much as you can, as fast as you can, as fairly as you can, and as cost effectively as you can, and don't get hung up on the numbers because three degrees is a lot better than six, and 10 degrees is dramatically worse than any other numbers."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : pin that down implies to solve the problem or get something done rather than to put a pin on something ","questions":"Which phrase in turn 3 emphasizes the importance of taking action to address climate change?","answer":"can"}
{"text":["It probably had more to do with Moore - Roy Moore - and his unique trainload of baggage. But it's still hard not to compare it to what happened back in 2010 when Scott Brown was elected in Massachusetts, taking Teddy Kennedy's seat. And this was at about the same point in President Obama's first term.","That really changed the mood on Capitol Hill. It did not stop the passage of Obamacare, but it signaled a big turnover in Congress in the next elections. And we could be heading into a correction here in the other direction under President Trump.","NPR's Ron Elving. Thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"NPR's Ron Elving thanking Scott\". However, the actual meaning is \"Scott thanking NPR's Ron Elving.\"","questions":"How did NPR's Ron Elving express his gratitude towards Scott?","answer":"Expressed"}
{"text":["Yes. I mean, this piece - I mean not only me played I think every piano student started with this piece. But actually, this piece is not just a ringtone, you know?This piece is a real beautiful, masterful piece.","Now, just listen to two different ways that Lang Lang showed us you can play that familiar melody. The first time, he's going to hit all the right notes. But the second time, his fingers will tell a story.","Because you can just put your hands, you know (playing piano).","It's quite easy, you know?But it's very hard to make (playing piano)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A's statement: \"It's quite easy, you know? But it's very hard to make (playing piano).\" Here, A is not saying that playing the piece is easy, but rather that the notes and mechanics of playing the piece are technically simple. However, bringing out the beauty and artistry of the piece through proper interpretation is challenging.","questions":"Which aspect of playing the piece is challenging according to A?","answer":"Interpretation"}
{"text":["Was the jet stream actually screening out the cold air?Do I have that right?","Pretty much. The jet stream is typically the dividing line between the warm tropical air to the south and the cold, Arctic air to the north. And for the most part, it had retreated to close to the Canadian border for large parts of the winter.","Hmm. What about the \"Farmers' Almanac\"?I have to admit that I like picking it up and looking at it, and I sort of - I'm hesitant to even ask. Is there any science backing it up?","Well, I think the \"Farmers' Almanac,\" they do look at some of the same things that NOAA look at, that AccuWeather looks at, as well as the Capital Weather Gang, when developing their outlooks. At the same time, they're using some more suspect features like sun spots and planetary alignments and things like that, which have never been proven to have any real predictive skill in terms of forecasting the weather in the long range."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The jet stream separates warm tropical air and cold Arctic air.","questions":"What is typically the dividing line between warm tropical air and cold Arctic air?","answer":"Temperature"}
{"text":["We're coming over the initial shock. It's a very strange situation to live in one of the wealthiest countries in the world. And we have been living in more luxury than almost any other nation on this planet, and now all of a sudden we find ourselves almost like beggars.","You talk about the swift difference between being so wealthy to now being in a totally different place. Is this what everyone - is the average person going through something like this?Or is this just a select few that went from being so wealthy to so not wealthy?","The general public here has been very, very well off. But now people that are starting to lose their jobs - hundreds of people that used to work in the banks have been losing their jobs recently. We know that a lot of companies are going to become bankrupt. We had almost no unemployment in the past years. We've been importing workers from Eastern Europe because we didn't have enough people to work in our companies.","So, how are people coping with this?Are they selling off their belongings?What are they doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is acknowledging the wealth of their country and how they have been living in luxury, but now they feel like beggars due to the sudden change in their circumstances.","questions":"Which word describes the PersonA's feelings towards their current situation in turn 0?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Well, as we often say in cosmology or theoretical physics, that idea might be crazy enough to be true.","How would it work?","Well, the idea that is talked about in this paper is that there's kind of a parallel universe out there with very similar laws of physics to ours, but it only communicates with our universe by a very feeble interaction. So it's almost invisible. So it could be occupying the same space. But without very sensitive experiments, we cannot perceive that. And this paper talks about such an experiment done at a laboratory in Grenoble, France, where they bottle neutrons. They bottled about a half million neutrons in an ultracold neutron trap, and they monitored them for about five minutes, and they see some of them disappear.","And the idea is that they could be leaking into this parallel universe?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that B is asking if the neutrons could be physically leaking into another universe. However, the implied meaning is that B is asking if the neutrons could be disappearing because they are interacting with the parallel universe proposed in the paper mentioned by A. This implies that the parallel universe is not a physical location that can be entered or exited, but rather a theoretical construct that can only be detected through indirect means.","questions":"Which universe is the parallel universe proposed in the paper mentioned by A?","answer":"Parallel"}
{"text":["Yet, does it make any kind of sense to you?","Well, it does. I think John McCain obviously from the beginning likes to shake things up. We saw that with the Sarah Palin pick the day after the Democratic convention ended. And we saw that with the poll showing that economic uncertainty helping giving Barack Obama boost in the polls. Perhaps that John McCain thought he'd shake it up by announcing that he would suspend his campaign, delay the debates because of this financial crisis.","So, did something happen politically in the last 24 hours to move Senator McCain back to Oxford, Mississippi or polls suddenly showing something?","Well, the feeling was always that he was going to have to show - he was of course hoping from a signal from either from the House Republicans or President Bush saying that negotiations were going well. But obviously, the Democrats really didn't like McCain's involvement on this. They said he was playing - he was posturing, playing presidential politics."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"shake things up\" implies that John McCain's has the tendency of taking bold and unexpected actions to disrupt the political landscape and garner attention.","questions":"How does John McCain tend to approach his political actions?","answer":"Bold"}
{"text":["Right. So this is a very powerful story, also. And I think that this story is about the way that women devour their own, in some ways, and - particularly in small towns and in towns where sex is seen as a detriment.","Yeah. There were a few stories in here that I did not love, and there was a moment where I was starting to question your judgment in pulling them all together, I will confess. And then I got to one titled \"To The North,\" and it just knocked me out. I mean, it's about a boy and his summers on the beach and how he grows into a man. And his character is forming. It's fantastic if I - in my view. And I gather it's one of your favorites, as well.","It is my very favorite in the book. But you know, also - so part of what our arguments were - were about showing sort of the larger artistic growth of a writer. And so I have to admit there are some stories in this that aren't my favorite, either, but they seemed important in terms of Nancy Hale as a round person and showing her work through time. \"To The North\" is exquisite. I just found it full of repressed longing.","Yeah. I mean, I wonder to you, as someone who writes very well-received short stories, is it inspiring, or is it daunting to come across somebody else who could write a short story that was pretty darn near perfect?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Nancy Hale is a person that has a great many different capabilities and interests.","questions":"What is the title of the story that PersonB mentions as knocking him out in the dialogue?","answer":"North"}
{"text":["Media looks very bad on this. It looks credulous for Justice Department sources. Hatfill had filed suit against the government and, you know, sought to get the names of sources from journalists, taking them to court to do so, and to try to prove that the Justice Department had intentionally leaked this, as they sought to, you know, circle in on him and to capture him for these attacks.","Now, this year, there was a settlement, a legal settlement, for Steven Hatfill from the government.","That's right. Just a few months ago, the government essentially paid out a package - depending on how you value it - but about 5. 85 million dollars to compensate him for lost revenue over the course of his career. He lost a job at Louisiana State University, as a result of this, that he had been offered. Interestingly, the government did not exonerate him directly. Although the entire settlement tended to do that, but it not explicitly exonerate him, and nor did it apologize to him for this. CHADWICK: I don't imagine that we in the media are going to be apologizing to him either. NPR's David Folkenflik, thank you.","You bet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Media looks very bad on this.\" - The literal meaning is that the media appears to be performing poorly in reporting the news related to the Steven Hatfill case.","questions":"Which department paid a settlement to Steven Hatfill?","answer":"Government"}
{"text":["No, I didn't think they were racially motivated. They were just wrong. The president actually was referring to my opposition to the war in Iraq and suggesting somehow that I have not consistently opposed the war in Iraq.","Everybody who's looked at my track record knows that from 2002, when I made a speech in front of 3,000 people saying the war in Iraq was a mistake. Until today, I have consistently been opposed to this war.","And so the president, I think, was massaging the truth a little bit, and that's part of sort of standard Washington politics. But I think, at this point, you know, we're - we just want to move forward and make sure that we are talking about the issues that people are struggling with and particularly in economy right now that is teetering on the edge of recession.","That was Illinois Senator Barack Obama."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Turn (1) has an implicated meaning that is different from its literal meaning. Although the speaker denies that the remarks were racially motivated, the implication is that the speaker believes they were in fact racially motivated, and is trying to downplay or avoid addressing that implication.","questions":"What was the reason for the president to massage the truth according to Senator Barack Obama?","answer":"Truth"}
{"text":["From NPR News, this is Day to Day. The ethics problem at the Interior Department continues to unfold, specifically in the little-known but powerful Minerals Management Service. The Interior Department's watchdog reports that employees in that division accepted gifts, they steered government contracts to friends, and they had sexual relations with oil and gas-company representatives. Joining us now is John Dimsdale from Marketplace, and John, first, what is the Minerals Management Service?I hadn't heard of it until yesterday.","Well, it's responsible for collecting royalty revenues from companies that extract oil and other minerals from federal property. And last year, they collected 11 billion dollars from the oil and gas industry. So, it's a big source of revenue. In fact, sometimes Minerals Management is the second largest source of income for the federal government, second only to the IRS. And remember, this scandal comes just as Congress is debating whether to allow more oil drilling, especially on the Outer Continental Shelf under the ocean.","That's right. So, let's go into the details of this scandal. What did the Interior Department's inspector general find?","Well, this report makes it sound like a very dysfunctional place. It alleges cocaine and marijuana use, and even promiscuous sex between government employees and the industry that they oversee. The inspector general says the relationship between the industry and the revenue collectors is supposed to be at arm's length, but most of the oil-company people that investigators talked to said they bought meals or drinks, entertainment, for government employees."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"let's go into the details of this scandal\" - figurative meaning: let's discuss and examine the scandal in detail, literal meaning: let's physically go to the place where the scandal is happening.","questions":"How did PersonB suggest to proceed with discussing the scandal?","answer":"Discuss"}
{"text":["What does it mean to have a populist party and right-wing party win the parliamentary majority?","Oh, it's a very simple answer to a difficult question. We don't know. It's an experiment, not only for Italy, for the whole of Europe. I mean, for Italy today, June the Second is like the 14th of July in the United States. It's our birthday. The Italian Republic was born 72 years ago in 1946, and we never had anything like that. You know, the 5-Star are closer with sort of South American populist movement.","Yeah.","You know, you have good and bad over there. And the Northern League is a right-wing party. What will they do together?I don't know. I wish them luck."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They are implying they don't have any confidence","questions":"Which party is mentioned as being closer to South American populist movements?","answer":"5-Star"}
{"text":["So crack down on the doctors, but make sure there's a support system ready for their patients.","Absolutely. And the thing is - and this is so beautiful - is that when you get to watch lives change. For myself, you know, I used to get up every single morning thinking, you know, where am I going to get my pills?And that occupied my entire day. Now, keep in mind, I was a practicing physician. So I had some other things to do. And that's what people who are, you know, who are addicted are facing every single day.","And now, you know, providing them with quality help and watching them change their lives is one of the most fun things that I've ever been involved with. We need to make that opportunity more widespread. We need to decrease the stigma around stepping out and ask for help. And also, Sacha, we need to make evidence-based treatment available without the stigma that goes along with it.","That's Dr.  Steven Loyd. He's based in Nashville, Tenn. Thanks for talking with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"And now, you know, providing them with quality help and watching them change their lives is one of the most fun things that I've ever been involved with... we need to make evidence-based treatment available without the stigma that goes along with it.\"  The implied meaning of this turn is that providing quality help to people struggling with addiction and witnessing their transformations is incredibly rewarding. The speaker believes that access to evidence-based treatment should be expanded, and the stigma surrounding seeking help for addiction should be reduced.","questions":"Which city is Dr. Steven Loyd based in?","answer":"Nashville"}
{"text":["So who is the ultimate decision-maker here?And what is that person likely to be guided by, if you have any sense of that?For example, is there any precedent that either side could point to that might give us a sense of how this might proceed?","Well, there'll be several levels inside the U. K.  judicial system. There'll be a hearing before a judge in the U. K.  and then probably through an appellate level in the U. K.  And then, if history is any indication, if Mr.  Assange loses, he could then keep appealing all the way up to the European Court of Human Rights saying that his human rights have been violated. Historically, the British have extradited numerous individuals to the U. S. Although many of them and their defense counsel have argued that they would face unfair or improper trials in the U. S. , most of those have been extradited.","But in a few cases in the past, there have been individuals whose extradition from the U. K.  to the U. S.  have been denied. In this case, this will really be, I think, a battle royal because Assange and his lawyers will argue very forcefully that I'm sure particularly the Trump administration is coming after him for political reasons.","So, as you mentioned earlier, Assange has only been charged with one count of conspiracy. If he's extradited to the U. S. , could he face other charges here?And is that something that his lawyers might raise?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Assange could potentially appeal his extradition all the way to the European Court of Human Rights based on historical precedent.","questions":"Which court could Assange potentially appeal to?","answer":"European"}
{"text":["Well, it's a toolkit, and so what we think it is it's multifunctional, depending on what the particular need is for the attackers. They probably use this in multiple operations, a variety of operations, and so depending on what they need for a specific target, what they want to steal, they will only download those particular modules to the system.","So in some cases they may be wanting just documents, and so they'll just, you know, download a module that does that. If they want to be listening to meetings that are happening in a room, want to be monitoring email of who's communicating with who, then they would download, you know, those kinds of modules.","Who's the they behind this?","Well, that's the mystery. You know, if we look at where the infections are occurring, and you mentioned that it's primarily in the Middle East, there have been a scattering of infections in Hungary, Austria, Hong Kong, but they're mostly in Iran, places like Syria, Sudan as well, Lebanon, and some cases in occupied West Bank and inside Israel. But the inside Israel ones may be unique for specific reasons."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"what we think it is it's multifunctional\" - This phrase is redundant and can be simplified to \"we think it is multifunctional.\"","questions":"Which phrase describes the toolkit's functionality?","answer":"Multifunctional"}
{"text":["So as we talked about, there was some last-minute campaigning by the prime minister. And you might think he would be more relaxed after an Election Day, right?He's Israel's longest-serving prime minister.","Right. But you know what?He campaigned extra vigorously. He dragged a family out of their home to the polling place. He took a bullhorn, and he visited Jerusalem's main bus station and the main vegetable market. And he claimed over and over again that he could lose, that - he was claiming that right-wing voter turnout was low and left-wing and Arab voter turnout was high. Arab voters meaning Palestinian citizens of Israel, not Palestinians in the Israeli-occupied West Bank. They can't vote in Israeli elections.","Then Netanyahu went back to his official residence, and he spent hours streaming live on Facebook and Instagram and Twitter. He was trying to get people to go to the polls. He called it an emergency broadcast. He was taking calls from party activists. He called on TV commentators. He called them out by name and called them liars. He even appeared in a video clip with puppets. So, frankly, Audie, he overshadowed all of the other candidates on this Election Day.","And voters - how are they responding to it?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : last minute means to basically to do what you are meant to do close to a due date.","questions":"Which Israeli politician campaigned extensively and used social media to urge people to vote?","answer":"Netanyahu"}
{"text":["OK. So in a statement, the police lieutenant said that the investigation showed that the only true victim in this was the unborn baby. Is it common to see prosecutions of women for the unintentional death of fetuses that they are carrying?","It's becoming more and more common since the late 1980s, early 1990s, when prosecutors began to charge women for crimes for using drugs during pregnancy. That has spread out to include prosecutions of women who commit all sorts of conduct during pregnancy that harms a fetus. It's included attempting suicide. It's included driving drunk. It's included botching self-induced abortions. And many of us are saying it's gotten to a point where pregnancy itself is being criminalized because so many things that someone does while pregnant can be the basis of a criminal prosecution.","I was just trying to understand, like, what is the legal theory here at work?Is it that women who are pregnant have a higher duty to care?","It's that argument, and it's also the argument that the fetus is equivalent of a child, and therefore, all the laws that protect a child from parental maltreatment would apply to a fetus as well. I should mention most of these cases involve mothers who fail to protect their children from harm, including, in many cases, mothers who are themselves victims of domestic violence and then get charged with crimes for failing to protect their already-born children."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Pregnancy itself is being criminalized due to the broad scope of what actions can lead to a criminal prosecution","questions":"How is pregnancy being criminalized?","answer":"Broadly"}
{"text":["Oh, thanks. We're professional seguers here at NPR.","You took my breath away there.","Well, speaking of age, though, you're - you play a geezer in this picture.","Yeah, but I'm the youngest in the cast.","Really, I'm the baby."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B is making a pun on the word \"segue\" which implies that they are being professional in making smooth transitions during interviews without interruption.","questions":"How does PersonB describe their work at NPR?","answer":"Professional"}
{"text":["One of the most interesting things that happens with couples, Farai, is that one's a spender and one's a saver, and that causes all kinds of problems. Because one person wants to squirrel away every extra penny, and then you've got the extravagant one. They've got to talk about it and make compromises.","And Michelle Singletary has a new book out which is great, talking about couples and money management, and there are a lot of other tools. But the first tip is just to have an honest conversation about what your money priorities are, how you spend your money, and what's important to you.","Thanks so much, Dr.  Malveaux.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : squirrel implies to hide some money for future use and not referring to an animal or rodents ","questions":"What does \"squirrel\" mean in turn 0?","answer":"hide"}
{"text":["The director of the U. S.  Census Bureau, John H.  Thompson, announced his retirement this week in the wake of a disagreement with Congress over funding for the 2020 census. The census is conducted every 10 years. The results determine how many seats in Congress and electoral votes that each state receives, and it helps guide how more than $400 billion is spent each year on education, health and infrastructure.","We're joined now by Robert Groves. He's former director of the U. S.  Census Bureau. He's now the provost of Georgetown University. Mr.  Groves, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning. Great to be with you.","Congress has approved nearly $1. 5 billion to fund the census this fiscal year, and it's supposed to be the same for next year. Is that enough?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The disagreement with Congress over funding for the 2020 census could have implications for the accuracy and reliability of the census results.","questions":"How could the disagreement potentially affect the census?","answer":"Accuracy"}
{"text":["Henry Ford believed in it, didn't he?","That's right. And then he was forced by the courts to retract.","You take a look at these forgeries, and you're struck by the fact that they took a lot of work, discipline, creativity - qualities that you would like to think could be used more responsibly and honorably.","Yeah. In fact, that was our conclusion as a working group. And what we determined at the end was just how incredibly creative this activity is. We think of it as destructive, right?We think of it as deceptive - fabricating or mutilating history. But in a sense, that's also what historians have been doing for various personal motives or political motives over time. But in any event, even in that destruction, there is this kernel of the imagination and the desire to find ways to persuade other people to believe things - even preposterous things - as the truth, or at least to be plausible. And I think that's where the power of forgery as a category of human expression really, I think, looms large in our history."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the speaker is implying that forgery is a powerful form of expression and has been used throughout history for various political and personal motives.","questions":"Which form of expression has been used throughout history for various political and personal motives?","answer":"forgery"}
{"text":["So they've also gone after defense contractors. So there - in that case, the motivation, of course, is military secrets and as well espionage, economic, you know, gains. And they've also targeted law firms, particularly law firms that are engaged in litigation in China or engaged in mergers and acquisitions so that they can obtain market information.","So there is an economic goal, here. There is a military goal. There is also what seems to be - there's a security goal and an image goal, public relations, if you will.","Yes. Like I said, it's multiple. They're going after - you know, it seems like this is an industry. And, you know, I'm hesitant to point a finger at China, because it's very easy to point the finger at China. And it's also very easy to make an attack appear to come from China when it's not coming from China. So, you know, and speaking in broad terms, you know, what we know of the attack, that they are coming from China, it appears that it is, you know, a very big industry there.","And we should note that Chinese deny it. I'm not sure that anybody holds any great belief in that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : China.And it's also very easy to make an attack appear to come from China when it's not coming from China.So, you know, and speaking in broad terms, you know, what we know of the attack, that they are coming from China, it appears that it is, you know, a very big industry there.","questions":"How does the speaker hesitate to point a finger at China?","answer":"Easy"}
{"text":["Well, due to the floods, some - probably some falling of the land and some mud that has been moving into the communities might be some of the situations that we might encounter there. And probably some roads that have been damaged and we will not be able to cross easily. So we expect probably some impacting in some households of those communities. So we still have to confirm that.","And when remote communities, mountainous communities, have to contend with flooding or worry about mudslides, can that interrupt, let's say, the food supply and create medical problems, too?","Absolutely, yeah, that's one of the consequences that we might face. We have been collecting some humanitarian aid in different points of Mexico, so we are ready to distribute food or even, if needed, some medicine to those communities. But at this point, we are collecting particularly food and some cleaning - personal cleaning supplies.","Mr.  Lozano, in the 30 seconds we have left, do you think the Mexican governments involved, both provincial and federal and, for that matter, your agency, were prepared for this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - The actual meaning is to ask if the Mexican governments and the agency were ready for the floods and its aftermath.","questions":"Which question did PersonB ask about the impact of floods on remote communities in the mountains and its relation to food supply and medical problems?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["This is going to be a really interesting hearing today. I'm going to see if the judge approves these requests from the plaintiffs who want to see more documents being released from the Trump administration as well as they want to see the judge to possibly order more depositions, more officials sitting down for questioning to try to get a bottom of this - these claims. And this could possibly affect - if there's additional documents released, additional testimony - this could affect the ruling that the Supreme Court is expected to release by the end of this month.","That's the final judge here. The Supreme Court will be ruling on this.","Exactly. We're watching to see what the justices say. And it's a very tight deadline. July 1 is when the Census Bureau says that printing has to start for the 2020 census forms.","Hansi, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The deadline for printing the 2020 census forms is approaching.","questions":"How is the 2020 census form printing deadline?","answer":"Approaching."}
{"text":["You know, I heard - I heard myself say that and thought maybe I should rethink that phrase. The reunification of the country would've been another way of saying it.","Well, it's just interesting to me - and I have no opinion on it - there are members of the Vietnamese Diaspora who refer to it as the fall. They refer to the month of April as Black April so there's definitely that camp. There's another camp that says normalizing relations between Vietnam and France and the United States and these kinds of things is good for Vietnam. And I think the thing that I'm most interested in, it's the idea of possibility and how so much can change in 40 years.","Yeah.","You know, I was there, like I said, three weeks ago. And there's tourists from all over the world - there are Russians, you know, they are people in Germany. Who would have thought 40 years ago that this would have been impossible for me and for these Russians and for all these people to be here in Vietnam?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn (2) implies that the speaker has no opinion on the subject but is interested in hearing the opinions of others and is marveling at the idea of how much can change in 40 years.","questions":"Which turn suggests that the speaker recently visited Vietnam?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["Because there's going to be this glass chamber, people can follow along.","Right. It looks absolutely beautiful.","Oh, it does?","Yeah, it looks absolutely beautiful."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People are likely to follow through a given idea or course since it is end is clear as a glass chamber.","questions":"How would you describe the glass chamber?","answer":"beautiful"}
{"text":["I've been embedded with U. S.  troops. And, as I don't have to tell you, you know, it's close quarters out there - in all ways - and soldiers are exposed to each other in all kinds of intimate ways. Does mixing genders just add an extra complication that combat can do without?","You know, I was forward deployed with Delta Force. I slept in some pretty crappy places, for lack of a better term. Is it a little bit of extra effort?Sure. You know, I'm not going to say that it's not. But when you look at the benefit, when you look at what you're losing, OK, the qualified, talented, amazing, remarkable women who walk into a recruiter's office and want to serve their country and are told you can serve your country but you have to pick from one of these jobs. It's just that you're a woman. But you know what?Every step of progress along the way in the history of our country, there have been people who have tried to make it more difficult, you know, integrated, racially or in any other, you know, situation that we've had to take a step forward in progress. There have been people that have made it more difficult. But the benefit just far outweighs.","Major Mary Jennings Hegar. Thanks so much.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) implies that Major Mary Jennings Hegar is being thanked and acknowledged for her efforts in making progress for integrating genders in combat.","questions":"What name is being acknowledged for their efforts in integrating genders in combat?","answer":"Hegar"}
{"text":["And the president said today that he wants even more tariffs on China. Would it be fair to assume that China might retaliate, and, if so, how?","Yeah. I mean, the president has ordered his staff to draw up paperwork to put tariffs on, you know, another $300 billion in imports, which would mean there would be there tariffs on just about everything China sells to the U. S.  - I mean, clothes, furniture, food products, machinery, you know, intermediate goods that go into manufacturing. And China has said it will retaliate with tariffs of its own. So this would reach really far into the economies of both countries. Just about everything brought into the United States would have this extra cost tacked onto it. These - you know, these are the two largest economies in the world, so this will be a huge deal, both for these countries and for the global economy.","So what do we think will happen if they can't resolve their differences?","You know, who knows?There are some big issues on the table right now. We really can't gloss over them. At the same time, there is a certain amount of posturing going on. You know, President Trump considers himself, you know, a dealmaker. So you have to ask how much of this is just a kind of a negotiating ploy, just posturing. Because both countries are - at the same time they're saying all this, they're also saying the talks will continue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : several big issues are being discussed and negotiated at the same time","questions":"Which turn mentions the possibility of posturing in the negotiations?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["OK, starting with GlobalGrind. Here's the deal Farai, as you know, being in the media, it's becoming more and more niche, and people, especially what you're talking about Internet, you're talking about web communities and defining that niche. Now we're seeing more and more websites pop up where we've had black websites in the past, but GlobalGrind is this one-stop shop.","They claim, or they offer, for news, gossip, humor, entertainment. It's just about everything that users think is important. So the whole site is actually driven by users voting on other content that's happening elsewhere. And so the higher the vote of a specific piece of content, the more relevant it comes up on the GlobalGrind webpage.","Is it fun?","It is fun. It looks very clean. It's sleek. I do like the ownership behind the company, and some of the people driving it, because Navarro is a guy that ran 360HipHop. com, which was very successful that was sold to BET. I've met with their advertising people. I think they really got their handle on - they've made it mobile. They now integrate it with Facebook, which wasn't there before, which I was dinging them on. I was like, when are you guys going to get with mobile applications in a Web 2. 0 space?","All right, Mario. We have to jump in. RushmoreDrive. Give me the skinny."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : GlobalGrind is a successful and well-managed company with a strong focus on mobile and social media","questions":"Which company's focus is on mobile and social media?","answer":"GlobalGrind"}
{"text":["From NPR News, it's Day to Day. A trip to the grocery store is not going to get any cheaper anytime soon. The Agricultural Department now forecasts a four to five percent increase in food prices next year. That is in addition to a five to six percent increase this year. Joining us now is John Dimsdale from Marketplace. John, how unusual is it for food prices to rise so fast?","Yeah, well, food inflation this year is the worst it's been in 20 years. Usually, you know, food prices go up in the 2 or 3 percentage range every year, but we're looking at some very dramatic increases this year, especially when you look at specific foods. Eggs, for example, are up 14 percent this year according to the Ag Department, cereals and baked goods almost 10 percent, dairy products too, fruits and vegetables, they're all up in the 5 or 6 percent range this year.","Breakfast is going to be a serious problem.","Usually, when we hear about these increases in food costs, energy costs, weather problems are the ones to blame. But haven't those problems gotten somewhat better lately?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Breakfast is going to be a serious problem","questions":"How would PersonB describe the impact of rising food prices on breakfast?","answer":"Serious"}
{"text":["Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning.","And what about the value of closed-door sessions?Jared Kushner, the president's son-in-law and top adviser, met with the committee behind closed doors this week. What's the value of that to the committee even as it frustrates the public a bit?","Well, there are pluses and minuses to it. It's best if it's a preparation for a public session. Committee staff, for example, will do a behind-closed-doors questioning very thoroughly and minutely using documents in a way that you don't see so much in a public session. So it can be good preparation. It's also, in this particular situation, it's possible that there's a mixture of classified and non-classified material and you sort that out during the behind-closed-doors.","It sounds like you're describing a dress rehearsal or something like that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : is to practice or prepare for a performance.","questions":"Which term describes the type of rehearsal being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"rehearsal"}
{"text":["I understand, Mr.  Doyle, that you and other members of the Watergate investigation team still with us - well, you have reunions now and then. And I gather for the first time you had a reunion on the actual anniversary of the Saturday Night Massacre. What are the - my 15 year old now says, you know, what's the tea?What went on there?","Three weeks ago, Saturday night October 20, the Watergate Special Prosecution Force held a reunion. It was the 45th anniversary of the Saturday Night Massacre. None of the senior leaders are any longer with us. But the young idealists who had been in their 20s back when we began, they all showed up in their 60s and 70s as earnest as ever, as idealistic as ever and still full of hope.","Sorry.","No, I think someone was talking to you, telling you that, I think, we're running out of time. But did you want to make the final point?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The young idealists who attended the reunion are still passionate and hopeful despite their age","questions":"Which group attended the reunion?","answer":"Idealists"}
{"text":["The Trump administration - or at least the president - have indicated previously they don't share this conclusion. Saudi Embassy says the claims and the purported assessment are false. Now, let's note - President Trump has often criticized the U. S.  intelligence establishment, saying they're not right on Russia. Oh, yeah. They were the ones who said Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.","We have to ask, is there any indication in this CIA report, which has sources inside, that this is some kind of attempt by what the president's supporters call the deep state to bring him into line?","No, I don't think so. I mean, the CIA - you know, for all of the ways that the president somehow misunderstands how they operate - is looking at this situation objectively. And, yes, to some degree, they are factoring in subjective judgments about how people behave, like the crown prince. But this is not an attempt, I think, to, you know, bring the crown prince to heel or to somehow influence policy.","And we should note, too, the president, I mean, has been briefed on the CIA's findings. And what we understand is that he keeps resisting them because he doesn't have, I guess, the smoking gun. He keeps asking, well, where's the body?Or, show me the definitive proof that Mohammed bin Salman ordered this. And, you know, it doesn't always work that way."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This statement implies that President Trump is skeptical of the CIA's findings and is seeking irrefutable evidence before taking action.","questions":"How does President Trump respond to the CIPersonA's findings?","answer":"skeptical"}
{"text":["Yeah. And is the money - is it as big as drug money, for example?","Much more. I mean, I made drug trafficking for years. But here, we are talking about money that there's no comparison with drugs. Just to give you an idea for two reasons. First of all because these are money that's collected in advance and without risk. It's a typical business without risk because when you put 500 people in a boat, like, 20-meters long and 4-meters large and cost a few thousand euros, you get something like 1 million euros, 800,000 euros for each boat with a cost that is very, very low. And you don't risk anything because basically, you don't care if the human good - the good that you are. . .","Yeah.",". . . Trafficking arrives or not. It's not the same with drugs because is if a load of a drug is lost, of course, there is a real problem. Somebody must pay it. If 100 people died in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea but they pay in advance, there is not any kind of problem for them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) is implying that human traffickers don't have to worry about accountability or paying for lost goods if the people they are trafficking do not arrive safely, unlike drug traffickers.","questions":"What kind of accountability do human traffickers not have to worry about, unlike drug traffickers?","answer":"Lost"}
{"text":["The story many Americans learn as kids may reveal a lot about America's role in the world. It's a story involving Theodore Roosevelt. Before he was president, he volunteered to fight in a war. He organized the regiment in which he fought. The Rough Riders went ashore in Cuba during the Spanish-American War of 1898.","On one level, this is an adventure story. Clay Risen of the New York Times felt there was more to it, that a story from the days of steam engines and horses and colonial empires was still relevant. His new book is \"The Crowded Hour: Theodore Roosevelt, The Rough Riders And The Dawn Of The American Century. \"","Who were the Rough Riders?","The Rough Riders were a unique volunteer regiment that was formed in the first days of the Spanish-American War. At the time, the U. S.  military was really small, and they needed to bulk up really quickly. So the U. S.  Army went out and recruited cowboys, athletes, people who you could train pretty quickly. And a lot of it was the brainchild of Theodore Roosevelt."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The story involving Theodore Roosevelt may reveal America's aggressive nature.","questions":"What is the war that the Rough Riders fought in?","answer":"War"}
{"text":["So our veggies are sitting there in the supermarket, and they're doing what?","Well, they are still alive. They are still responding to external stimuli. What we've shown is perhaps surprisingly, they can respond to light-dark cycles and really change their metabolite accumulation to different times of day.","They change their metabolism as the sort of a circadian rhythm for my cabbage?","Right, right. So when the crops are growing in the field, they respond to the light-dark cycles, and they - all plants have a circadian rhythm, so they have patterns of behavior that they control or they - that are under the influence of their circadian clock. And when you harvest vegetables and fruits, these vegetables and fruits really stay very much alive even though they've been removed from the whole plant. But then when we store them under constant conditions like in constant light in the grocery store, their circadian rhythms begin to dampen. And so then they lose the ability to show these rhythmic behaviors."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The vegetables have a system that regulates according to how much light they get.","questions":"What do the vegetables have that regulates according to light?","answer":"System"}
{"text":["Tequila.","Hey, before we go - I go pouring it in, give it a smell, though.","OK.","It's very vegetal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the literal meaning of \"OK\" is simply an acknowledgement or agreement. However, in this context, the actual meaning might be something like \"I understand\" or \"I accept.\"","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's suggestion to smell the tequila before pouring it in?","answer":"Accept"}
{"text":["I don't know what you make of a recent letter some ICE special agents sent to Homeland Security Secretary Nielsen asking that the branch of ICE that deals with counterterrorism and drug trafficking, not deportations, be split off from the agency because of all the ill will.","Yeah. I have seen that. That was - that's an interesting consequence of another change that was made at the time that DHS was formed. In addition to splitting up the immigration entities, they also blended in the customs function. And so ICE is Immigration and Customs Enforcement. The same is true at the border. And that was a little bit of a shotgun marriage between the customs folks and the immigration folks that has not fully worked itself out. The customs people think that they have these - you know, they've got a separate set of responsibilities that are impeded by the immigration function.","Former INS general counsel Bo Cooper, thanks so much for coming in and joining us, sir.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"...a little bit of a shotgun marriage between the customs folks and the immigration folks that has not fully worked itself out.\" This turn is an example of a figurative expression. \"Shotgun marriage\" is not referring to an actual marriage involving a shotgun; instead, it is a metaphorical way of describing a forced or hasty union between two parties.","questions":"What is the metaphorical expression used by PersonA to describe the union between customs and immigration entities in ICE?","answer":"Shotgun-marriage"}
{"text":["I've been gone for four years, but the organization is carrying on very strong. It's 18 years old now, and this is an organization where almost an entire generation of youth have been raised with a complete consciousness of their history, both black and brown, and the unity in that history. And those are stories that I believe are not told enough. We always focus on the conflict, we know where we don't get along, but we need to promote the examples of where we're working together successfully much more.","You suffered a tragic loss when your daughter was killed in a car accident. How did you pick yourself up and keep doing your work after that?","Well, it was 2006, and you know, you just do. Some people have said to me, how was I able to get over it and continue on?I haven't gotten over anything. It is with me every single day, it is what I think about every morning I wake up, it is what I think about every day before I go to bed. Her presence is very much in my life, and it wasn't just my daughter, it was also my son-in-law as well. And I lost them at the peak of their life. And so I, like millions of other parents, manage. You don't get over it, you just manage.","If you could take your magic wand, and wave it over California, and see what happened in 10 years, what would you be most proud of?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is no way to get over losing loved ones, but we can learn to manage our grief.","questions":"How did the speaker react to the loss of their loved ones?","answer":"Manage"}
{"text":["I mean, it's tempting, and certainly we do it in the news business, to look at a figure like $9 billion and say, you know, figure out what that cost per arrest and everything. But I wonder, isn't it in a sense worth, I don't know, a billion dollars a year to the American people to have that deterrent aboard?Because as people in the program have pointed out, if something happens, there's no one else to call upon for help in an airliner.","Well, you could justify almost anything on that basis. But I will tell you that on any cost-benefit analysis, this program does not hold muster. I can tell you also that while a billion dollars might not seem like much money in the whole federal government. . .","Oh, no, it's a lot of money. Don't get me wrong. . .","It's a lot. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (1) The speaker is not really asking for permission to use an expletive, but rather using the question as a way to express frustration or emphasize a point.","questions":"How did the speaker use the question in turn 2?","answer":"Express"}
{"text":["Yeah, we were on vacation; my family and I were out on the boat, and it was a beautiful, sunny day in the Abacos, in the Bahamas.","This is Erik Nourrie of Florida.","Typical crystal clear, beautiful Bahama waters. And the kids were playing and swimming. And I took my mask and snorkel and spear, and went out to a little channel there to hunt.","Nothing unusual - Erik hunts for dinner often. He spearfishes. And pretty quickly, he spots a good-sized fish darting around."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Nothing unusual - Erik hunts for dinner often. He spearfishes. And pretty quickly, he spots a good-sized fish darting around.\" - The literal meaning is describing Erik spearfishing and catching a fish. The implied meaning could be that the speaker is setting up the conflict or problem in the story, as something unusual or unexpected is about to happen.","questions":"How did Erik spot the fish?","answer":"Quickly"}
{"text":["That food has made this humble eatery among the best restaurants in the city, topping the lists of every Houston publication and more recently, after a visit from Anthony Bourdain in 2016, the country.","We'll let you choose what we eat.","OK, wonderful. Thank you.","Creamy chai is set on the table - then vegetable fritters and spicy samosas."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"among the best\" represent there are other restaurants in the city that are considered to be the best.","questions":"What does the phrase \"among\" imply?","answer":"Comparison."}
{"text":["Yeah. And the police have actually been very open about this, and they've done a number of internal investigations. And they believe if everything had gone absolutely properly and correctly, they could've been there 16 minutes earlier. Part of the problem here, though, because they have taken something some - a fair amount of criticism I thought was unfair, They didn't have a plan for this because why would you?I mean, who sits around and dreams up a plan in a country with a miniscule violent crime rate to expect that someone's going to blow up Central Oslo and then drive out to a youth summer camp on an island and start gunning people down?","I mean, that's not going to rank high in the probability scale. There was a fair amount of distance to cover, and they had a problem with the boat. You know, I spent some time with a police officer named Hakon Hval, who was one of the first to respond. He had worked in that district, the North Buskerud District for, I believe, eight years at that point, and he'd never been to Utoya. There had never been a reason to go to Utoya. But he was driving one of the boats, and he turned to pick up some Delta commandos. And when they all got in the boat, the bow of the boat pushed out on some rocks and was grounded. So to get the bow up, they shuffled to the back and the stern just. . .","Flooded the engine, yes.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is unexpected for a country with low crime rate to experience such a violent crime","questions":"What did Hakon Hval do for eight years in the North Buskerud District?","answer":"Worked"}
{"text":["Coastal Texas did have a couple of days to prepare for this storm. People were urged to leave the area. What's your estimation?Did many people take that advice and get out before Harvey hit?","Well, certainly some did. As I was driving in from Austin and San Antonio yesterday, you could see a fair number of cars, you know, going the other direction. So certainly, there were some people that evacuated. But here at the hotel that we're staying, there are hundreds of residents who are from Corpus Christi who decided to hunker it out and stay the night here. You know, there were no mandatory evacuations ordered for Corpus Christi.","Some are beginning to wonder, you know, was that the best plan of action?Had a mandatory evacuation been ordered, they would have had to evacuate the hospitals. And that, you know, picks up a whole series of logistical issues. So you know, as the Texas governor ordered yesterday, if you feel unsafe, if you feel unsecure then you should flee.","And Russell, what do you see for the next few hours and next few days about when conditions might improve and what people have to contend with?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Had a mandatory evacuation been ordered, they would have had to evacuate the hospitals.","questions":"How would a mandatory evacuation order affect hospitals?","answer":"Hospitals"}
{"text":["So it changes the calculus in this way. If you're the Syrian Kurdish commander and you feel that the U. S.  is essentially abandoning you, where do you turn for help against your mortal enemies, the Turks?And increasingly, I'm told by the Syrian Kurdish commander they think that they have to turn to Damascus. They have to turn to the regime. Meanwhile, Assad's key ally, Russia, is said to be moving with Syrian army troops north towards these Kurdish areas, seeking to capitalize on what they think is a vacuum caused by the instability and the U. S.  withdrawal.","So these Kurds would have to deal with the threat from Turkey and then, on the other side of things, the threat from the Syrian government trying to reclaim this area.","So this is essentially the Kurdish condition - surrounded by enemies. It's the case in Syria. It's the case in northern Iraq. It's the case in Iran. This is a people who just live in inconvenient countries. So yes, as in the past, the Kurds are surrounded. They feel they have enemies on all sides. They thought the U. S.  was a reliable friend, and they now are beginning to doubt that.","I want to come back to something you mentioned earlier - the thousands of ISIS prisoners that Kurds had been guarding. There's concerns about whether they can continue to do that while also fighting off the Turkish military. You had the president saying today in a statement that, quote, \"Turkey is now responsible for ensuring all ISIS fighters being held captive remain in prison. \"Does that seem likely?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It changes the way you think about the situation. Russia wants to capitalize on everyone's problems in the region.","questions":"How is Russia taking advantage of the situation in the region?","answer":"Capitalizing"}
{"text":["Actually, you know, the property itself is a mess. It's been broken into by, like, vandals, and it looks like the inside of the Titanic. But I was talking to someone a few days ago, actually, who was saying that when they originally - the new - after Tesla lost the land, a film company came in and took it over and was working there, producing film for like 40 years. And a lot of Tesla's old equipment was still there. So what they actually ended up doing with a lot of it was just burying it. So there's actually some people think that some of his old stuff is still underneath there, including - there's a room and he built some sort of underground resonance chamber. I don't know what that means; it sounds impressive. But it might still be down there like this giant, big, crazy Tesla room. So, you know, I don't. . .","That would be exciting.","That would be cool to dig out stuff, but I don't know if it's there or not. But it still kind of gives the property a bit of, I don't know, bit of magic.","So what's the plan for the property?I mean, you guys raised enough money to build it, I think with a grant from New York State too?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Exciting possibility that there might be Tesla's old equipment buried.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the underground chamber built by Tesla?","answer":"Impressive"}
{"text":["That will vary tremendously among fields, but the simple story is, it'll take awhile. So, even the most wildly optimistic assessment would say that, even if we started drilling now, we won't really see any oil for five years. So, the U. S.  Geological Survey looked at, for example, the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, and even if we started drilling today, we wouldn't really start to produce significant quantities of oil for a decade.","Robert, I know you're familiar with the ongoing debate about energy resources in this country. What we should do?Drill now?Don't drill now?You're a nonpartisan. You're a scientist. How do you view this argument between, really, the Republicans and the Democrats?","You know, the question for this country, for policy is, how will we ensure that we have energy over the next 20 years?To do that, we have a finite amount of capital that we can invest in the energy industry. It's highly unlikely that investing that money in offshore oil and gas drilling will ensure that we have sufficient supplies of energy 10 and 20 years from now. We've tried that experiment in the past. Despite all those wells drilled, domestic oil and gas production continued to decline. So, in hindsight, that money was not effectively spent.","Robert Kaufmann, director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Studies at Boston University. Robert, thank you.","Oh, you're welcome."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Investing in offshore oil and gas drilling may not effectively ensure sufficient energy supplies in the future.","questions":"Which industry may not ensure sufficient energy supplies in the future?","answer":"Industry"}
{"text":["Hudson is confident that Broadway Federal Bank won't be harmed by the recent spate of bankruptcies and bailouts. Though the bank specializes in real estate and caters to minority investors, it never got caught up in the subprime mortgage game that has become the downfall of other banks.","In order to play in that game, you had to have large volumes and small margins, which has made mortgages like commodities. So the Countrywides, the WAMUs, the big mortgage companies, you would lose your shirt trying to compete with it. So, really, the small banks had to stand on the sidelines while a lot of money was being made by churning these loans and fees, and people were making huge amounts of money, banks were very profitable, and we weren't able to participate. But now, you know, the kind of like slow and steady feels very good right now.","Now, Hudson says he's starting to get a lot more calls from people who want to put their money in Broadway Federal.","Here's what used to happen in the old days. People would only put 100,000 dollars in Broadway because they knew that was the maximum FDIC insurance. They put a million dollars in Bank of America. They figured, well, I only - because Bank of America only has the same insurance as we do, only a 100,000. So they left 900,000 dollars uninsured because they said, well, that's Bank of America. I'm only worried about Broadway. I'm not worried about Bank of America."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is an increasing interest in investing money in Broadway Federal Bank.","questions":"Which bank is gaining more interest from investors?","answer":"BroadwayFederal"}
{"text":["The strategy, Scott, is really hard to describe in Syria. So in Iraq, there is a clear strategy. You can like it or not, or you can say it's succeeding or not, but it's basically to build up the capacity of the Iraqi security forces to battle ISIL. To help build up more capacity in Sunni areas and the Anbar province. . .","Well, but let me - forgive me, Senator.","Yeah.","I don't want to impersonate the last debate that we just saw, but we've just got. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the literal meaning implies that B is asking for forgiveness from the Senator. However, the implied meaning is that B wants to interject or interrupt the conversation, acknowledging the potential interruption in a polite manner.","questions":"Which word does PersonB use to acknowledge the potential interruption in a polite manner?","answer":"Forgive"}
{"text":["Israel is saying the same. The Defense Minister Ehud Barak told the parliament today that Israel is essentially in a state of all-out war with Hamas and that Israel has no intention of stopping with their campaign as long as Hamas continues to fire its rockets.","And meanwhile, Israeli soldiers are massed along the border. Is it expected that there will be a ground war?","Israeli officials are saying that it's certainly possible, and they have closed off the part of Israel that directly borders Gaza. They've created a military zone there. It's been closed to all civilians and to reporters, so we don't know exactly what is happening there now.","And what is Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni saying?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Israel is engaged in a serious conflict with Hamas.","questions":"Which country is in conflict with Hamas?","answer":"Israel"}
{"text":["So you're doing a lot of logistics as well. As I understand it, Deming has declared a state of emergency. What does that do for you?What does that get you, if anything?","Well, the city - and remember I'm the county, that's the city.","Mmm hmm.","They did make an emergency declaration. That was just to free up some funding. And that was, you know, on the governor's word that we would be reimbursed in whole. And it was essentially just so we could spend money to help support these people until they're on to their next destination."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The emergency declaration was made just to access funding.","questions":"How was the emergency declaration used?","answer":"Funding"}
{"text":["He explained that that track was inspired by some of my darker paintings. And it certainly is a very, you know, intense piece. As the track goes on towards the end, you just hear a creaking sound. . .","SOUNDBITE OF TOR LUNDVALL AND JOHN B.  MCLEMORE'S \"HIS DARKER PAINTINGS\")",". . . Which - I don't know if it's his door or some part of the house, but everyone in the podcast in S-Town, they were talking about, you know, sometimes you just sit around and listen to the creakings in this house. So it was pretty amazing to hear that in the recording, yeah. Well, John - yeah. John took his own life in 2015. When John sent me emails, you know, discussing his depression and his loneliness, I didn't want to preach to him, but I just encouraged him. I said, you know, I'm hoping you continue recording, you know, and working more on music. Again, I knew nothing about anything about him. I just thought it would help transform his feelings of loneliness into, you know, more of a content solitude, which is, you know, kind of easy to say but not always easy to do. So I didn't want to preach to him, but, you know, I saw a lot of promise in his music. So I did try to encourage that.","That was musician and painter Tor Lundvall talking about his new album, \"Tor Lundvall Presents: Witness Marks - The Works of John B.  McLemore\"."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The creaking sound towards the end of the track adds to its intensity.","questions":"Which sound intensifies the track?","answer":"Creaking"}
{"text":["It turned into sand. We're going to stick with that.","(Laughter).","We atomized the entire thing.","So you get a sense of how this whole thing is going. Obviously, we should then inject alcohol into the situation. For his new show, Brad spent some time around Austin, Texas. So to cap off the visit, we made a cocktail - a paloma made out of a spirit called sotol, distilled from a plant that grows in the Texas desert."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : So you get a sense of how this whole thing is going. - This implies that the speaker wants the listener to understand the context and overall direction of the conversation.","questions":"What did the speaker want the PersonB to understand?","answer":"Context"}
{"text":["The downside to getting more attention, like Marco Rubio, is more criticism. And he seems to get more direct criticism from his opponents as he rises in the polls.","No question. The young senator from Florida, though, is really the hot ticket in New Hampshire right now. He is expected to do no worse than third. He's certainly in the running for second John Kasich is also in the running here. Everyone coming up, of course, a little behind Donald Trump still at this point. But it's Rubio who has the national momentum then going on into South Carolina if he does well in New Hampshire. South Carolina is on the 20th. And he'll have real appeal in Nevada on the 23rd.","What about Bernie Sanders?His lead in the polls just seems to be growing. According to reports, he might be on \"Saturday Night Live\" on Saturday night, just before the vote. Hillary Clinton tried to suggest that just because he's a guy from next door in Vermont.","You know, he was well-known here from the start of course. But there's so much more to it than that. His numbers are still going up at this point. And even for Democrats who expect Clinton to be the nominee eventually, Bernie is still their feel-good vote. He is a get-it-off-your-chest vote. And, you know, Democrats have never really liked a coronation. They want a contest. And Clinton is not connecting to voter concerns on an emotional level. And she's not communicating a clear message either here or elsewhere in the country. That's why the national polls have narrowed. And you know it's going to be hard to tell Larry David and Bernie Sanders apart tonight."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Marco Rubio is facing increased criticism from opponents as his popularity rises.","questions":"How is Marco Rubio's rising popularity affecting him politically?","answer":"Criticism"}
{"text":["And then they also passed another thing that actually goes into effect immediately, which is the expansion of this committee that would be empowered to make inquiries into churches' handling of abuse as well as some other things. Those - that committee could then refer their inquiries and responses to the executive committee, which then could decide whether or not the - or the church is in what's called friendly cooperation with the broader conventions.","OK, so two fairly significant-sounding changes - and when you say they passed overwhelmingly, give me some sense of the numbers.","At least two-thirds of the people there.","What was the reaction like in the room as people understood that that's what was happening, that these changes were being voted through?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The committee will investigate churches' mishandling of abuse cases.","questions":"How will the committee function?","answer":"Inquiries"}
{"text":["Four-fifty a month, sorry, I think I missed it. But that would translate to, like, 15 hours a day.","Yeah, yeah.","You're saying yeah, like it's no big deal. I mean, but where does - what drives you?That seems like a lot of time.","It is a lot of time, but, I mean, at the end of the day, why does anyone do anything?It makes me feel alive, and it makes me feel excited about the world, I guess.","There's no ads on Brainpickings, either. Why did you make that decision?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The narrator said there's no ads as in interruptions from A's mind. He wants an explanation to why he took the job.","questions":"What decision did PersonA make about ads on Brainpickings?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Well, I got to, or. . .","Or I'm doomed. I do think it is a good time for independent artists, period. And I feel like soul music in this country really has told the story of black Americans in this country, and right now the field is kind of narrow. So, from city to city, you go and you listen to the radio, and you try to find soul music on the radio, you're either listening to hip-hop, or you're listening to oldies and dusties and R&B.","So, there's a whole big huge chasm which some of us live in part of the time at least, where where's this music?Where is the new soul music?Where are the people that are writing the classics that are going to be around in 20 years, and 30 years, and 40 years?","Well, in addition to your own songs, you have sung other folks' work. And in 2004, you sang on a tribute album for Luther Vandross. Here's a little bit of \"Forever, For Always, For Love. \""],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Soul music is not as prevalent or appreciated as it should be","questions":"Which genre of music does the speaker feel is not getting enough representation on the radio?","answer":"Soul"}
{"text":["Where are you right now?","I'm in Columbia, South Carolina.","Now you evacuated on Saturday. Was that because it was mandatory or did you make up your own mind?","I made up my own mind. I figured that at some point it would turn into a mandatory evacuation and I wanted to get ahead of the traffic."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A evacuated on their own accord to avoid traffic.","questions":"What was the reason for PersonA's evacuation?","answer":"traffic"}
{"text":["Well, you know, I'm a Republican, but I'm also Catholic. So for me, the religious side, if we went there, I would be very much be against the death penalty, very much pro-life. And I see the pro-life and the death penalty - you kind of have to be consistent, in my mind.","You talk about your Catholic faith and how you look at this question through that lens. Of course, there are people who think that religion ought to be set aside. But I think in reality, many people do look at it at political questions through the lens of their own values. But white evangelicals make up a big part of the Republican Party. There are a lot of white evangelicals there in Kentucky as well. Of course, many white evangelicals oppose abortion, so I'm curious how you make that case to them.","Well, and that's why I'm, quite frankly, focusing on the economics. - But when you start talking about the numbers, the numbers are numbers. And it's pretty clear in a state like ours where we have desperate needs to use the money in other places - to shore up our pensions, you know, to help with our school system - this is simply an area where I think if you look at it logically, we're not getting any benefit from a criminal law standpoint, so let's spend our money somewhere else.","So the fiscal argument might make the case where the moral argument is more complex.","That's right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It may be difficult for A to reconcile their Catholic beliefs with the beliefs of white evangelicals in the Republican Party.","questions":"How might PersonA struggle to connect with white evangelicals in the Republican Party?","answer":"Reconcile"}
{"text":["That's right. Rand Paul inherits a tremendous base from his father Ron Paul, but also that ceiling that you're referring to, which is largely foreign policy. Ron Paul always had great buzz. He really did. And he had some fundraising and disappointing vote totals. His persona was never enough to really attract people. And Rand Paul brings a kind of youthful freshness to libertarianism that his father never did.","Jeb Bush resigned from more corporate boards recently than most of us have chopping boards in our kitchen. Is there a chance he won't run for president now?","Not anymore. He's cleared his decks. As you mentioned, he's gotten a lot of financial stuff out of the way, old emails from his time in public office. The fundraising operations he's created are a clear sign, also, the team he's assembling, the social media presence. Four years ago, he said he had family issues that kept him from running. And now perhaps he feels he's resolved those. But whether he has or not, he is running.","A question I wouldn't have projected even a few weeks ago - is there any more room for Chris Christie?And should he have stayed home and watched that Cowboys-Lions game?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  Implied meaning: Is there space for Chris Christie to enter the presidential race and has he made a mistake by attending the Cowboys-Lions game?","questions":"Which game did Chris Christie attend?","answer":"Cowboys-Lions"}
{"text":["I must be doing something right. What I thought was funny about it was Sommore is not my real name. So. . .","Right. Right, right, right.","I was like, OK, so you named - you named your kids after my stage name. OK, that's hot.","So, when you think about all the stuff you do about women, you know. When you say, women, we got to catch up. When you talk about sex, when you talk about relationships, what sisters have to go through. I'm assuming that you and your girlfriends are the people who can road test some of the comedy that you talk about."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : that's hot implies that the person thinks it was an acceptable and good gesture","questions":"How did the person respond to Sommore naming her kids after the PersonA's stage name?","answer":"Acceptable"}
{"text":["OK. So we have the union's version, maybe a little bit less from GM's side. But in any case, no doubt that they don't have a deal and people are still on strike. So what have you seen and heard when you go out and talk to workers?","Well, workers are now being forced to live off of $250 a week in strike pay. That is not enough to cover many of their bills. For many of them, they're in a tight spot financially. But most people I've talked to are still very committed to the strike, say that this is something that needed to happen. They say they want protections for temporary workers, and they're willing to hold out, at least for now. And so that's what I'm hearing on the line.","I want to make sure that I understand this argument about temporary workers. This is essentially temps who are being hired in a way that they're actually permanent workers, but they're just not paid the same and not protected the same way as a full-time UAW member and full-time GM employee?","Yeah. The pay is less. The pay is less than $16 an hour, which is not a whole lot more than, say, an Amazon warehouse worker would make. And temporary workers can be basically fired at any time. They don't have long-term protections. And so what the rank-and-file members that have more permanent status, have higher wage, say is that this is just no way for a person to live, no way for a worker to live."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The members that follow the rules and never go on strike have better status.","questions":"Which members have better status?","answer":"Rank-and-file"}
{"text":["Well, yes. As you said, I'm at 17,000 feet in the Atacama Desert. And this place is wonderful for viewing because it's so high, so the - most of the atmosphere is - well, it's not most below us, but a lot of it is below us. And the air is very dry, and the wavelengths that people want to study, the stars and galaxies at - up here, there's very dry air, and the wavelengths are not - they're coming through clear because water vapor absorbs wavelengths that they're interested in, so they want to get as far away from water vapor as they can. So they're up high. And there's other places here besides the Atacama that are in the Andes - very high, very good viewing - or seeing, as they call it in astronomy.","And is that why, as you told us, that half of the world's major telescopes are in Chile?Is that why they're all there?","Well, yeah. It's because it's a great location. And the one I'm at right now is not one of the major telescopes. It's a smaller one. It's called CLASS - the Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor. And what it's doing is looking for signals, traces of the earliest moments of the universe that were laid down in something called gravitational waves. Those gravitational waves have a certain property known as a polarization, and it should be possible to see that polarization left behind in the wavelengths that they're studying at CLASS. That's what they're doing here.","So where else have you been on this trip?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Atacama Desert is an ideal place for astronomical observation because its high altitude and dry air reduce atmospheric interference with wavelengths.","questions":"What is the name of the smaller telescope that the speaker is currently at?","answer":"CLASS"}
{"text":["Well, part of number two is to go and send swarms of Arkyd 300 spacecraft to these high targets that - high value targets. And then after number two, we'll choose the ones that we want to actually extract resources from. And then number three, phase three comes along, which is to go and extract those resources and deliver them to the point of need.","Good luck to you, Eric Anderson. I hope you get a webcam on those asteroids for us to follow along with you.","We will. Don't worry.","All right. Thanks for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Eric Anderson may encounter difficulties or challenges during his mission","questions":"Which phase of the mission involves extracting resources?","answer":"Three"}
{"text":["Yeah. It actually shows how complex something that sounds simple would actually work. On its face, it sounds like something wonderful. A Chinese company is going to spend $500 million to revitalize this shuttered General Motors plant, bring back all these jobs that had left this community. But what ends up happening is there's a clash between work cultures. Chinese workers think the Americans are lazy and don't grasp the training fast enough. And the American workers feel they're not respected by the Chinese and that the Chinese don't have appropriate regard for environmental and safety regulations.","And so what ends up happening is a lot of the high-ranking Americans get dismissed and they're replaced by Chinese workers. And the company - the factory begins to operate much more like a Chinese plant. And these workers that had so much optimism suddenly find that they're in a job that's much different than they imagined. And we have a clip of one worker talking about that. Let's check it out.","UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #2: The conditions are not favorable - doing the same thing over and over again. And so it's - you think about whether you have the stamina and the will to do this type of job.","One thing that's really interesting about this movie is that former President Barack Obama and former first lady Michelle Obama have their name on this movie in a sense because it was produced by their production company Higher Ground. Do we know anything about how involved they were?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The phrase \"operate much more like a Chinese plant\" implies that the factory is operating with a different set of values and practices that are more aligned with Chinese work culture, rather than simply taking on physical characteristics of a Chinese factory.","questions":"Which phrase implies that the factory is operating with a different set of values and practices that are more aligned with Chinese work culture?","answer":"Chinese"}
{"text":["But you can imagine that if you don't exercise, you might lose it. So we haven't studied that, per se, but we were more interested in how the muscle can store and utilize sugar and fat as energy sources when it's working. And so those were the particular proteins and genes that we were studying.","So lest anybody think that this is a trait like Lamarck thought many years ago, that you're going to pass down the - that your DNA, from usage, has changed and you pass that down to your offspring, that's not what happens here.","Well, these chemical marks disappeared after exercise. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that it is not possible to pass down acquired traits to offspring.","questions":"Which trait is not possible to pass down to offspring?","answer":"Acquired"}
{"text":["Well, it's about four, five, six percent. But we also asked questions about whether or not people would change their minds. You can add an additional about 20 percent of voters who are picking a candidate in the month of September, but are still saying they might change their mind how they're going to vote. When you add those two numbers together, you get almost to a quarter of the electorate in Ohio that could change its mind between now and Election Day.","And the number one issue, as it is in many places in the country, the economy?","The economy is the number one issue. And one of the things that makes it very difficult for a candidate to campaign in Ohio is that when they come to Ohio to talk about the economy, they can't just talk about a single aspect. When you talk to folks in the northern part of the state, northeast Ohio which includes Cleveland, and northwest Ohio which includes Toledo, when you're talking about the economy there, oftentimes the discussion is about trade.","When you talk about the economy in southwest Ohio, which is the Cincinnati area, there's much less talk about trade, and more discussion about wages and the salaries that people are making. The southeast area of the state, which is also known in part because of the Appalachian history of that part of the state, has high unemployment. A number of counties in southeast Ohio have double-digit unemployment. Many people in that region are talking about and focused on unemployment, solely as their economic concern."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"talk about a single aspect\" - actual meaning: talk about a single element or component","questions":"Which phrase describes the difficulty a candidate faces when campaigning in Ohio?","answer":"single"}
{"text":["The cease-fire that was supposed to halt fighting between Russian separatists and the Ukrainian government has not taken hold. Really, it never seems to have started. Shelling and dying has continued this week with both sides insisting the other had violated the cease-fire agreement. Separatist rebels have taken control of the city of Debaltseve, which serves as a key rail hub in Ukraine. Ivo Daalder is the president of the Chicago Council on Global Affairs and the former NATO ambassador. He joins us now. Thanks very much for being with us, Mr. Ambassador.","Oh, it's great to be here.","Do you think a cease-fire is even practical?","Well, I think the only way you're going to get a cease-fire is if one side stops shooting because clearly the Russians and the Russian-backed separatists are bent on continuing to fight. They were never interested in the cease-fire in the first place. We saw that in the Minsk negotiations more than a week ago when they refused to have an immediate cease-fire. They wanted to have a delay. So they could take this city of Debaltseve, but we now also see continued fighting in the south near Mariupol and in other parts of the region."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"Well, I think the only way you're going to get a cease-fire is if one side stops shooting because clearly the Russians and the Russian-backed separatists are bent on continuing to fight.\" - This turn uses the idiom \"bent on\" to mean \"determined to\" or \"committed to,\" rather than a literal meaning of being physically bent over something.","questions":"How were the Russians and the Russian-backed separatists described in turn 3?","answer":"fighting"}
{"text":["Well, the size of this scandal involving the Brazilian state-run oil company Petrobras is sometimes hard for outsiders to understand. Petrobras is a company that, through the company and its suppliers, encompasses about 10 percent of Brazil's economy.","Yeah, it's huge.","And so what happened was you had these prosecutors who found - almost stumbled into these clues. And they started pulling on this string and saw very quickly that this scandal was connected to almost everything and everyone.","And everybody, yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Turn (3) describes the discovery of clues that led to the unraveling of the scandal, which is consistent with its literal meaning.","questions":"Which turn describes the connection of the scandal to almost everything and everyone?","answer":"two"}
{"text":[". . . in the most efficient way.","Right. So the ones in the back may get an advantage by swimming behind the fish, but they, you know, pay the cost of not getting to food first. They also are safer because they don't get eaten first if a predator is coming right at them. So it's a complicated issue, and he's just looking at this one little piece, but. . .","It's fascinating. The video is - I call it the Pied Piper fish.","Yeah, absolutely."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of B's turn is that the video is fascinating and is like the Pied Piper fish. However, the implied meaning is that the video is about the Pied Piper fish and thus the fish in the video are like the Pied Piper fish.","questions":"What does PersonB call the video?","answer":"Pied-Piper"}
{"text":["Absolutely.","But still, I would beg still to point to the affinity between wanting to bake and the significance of bread and grain and its significance as something that supports life as a kind of basic food. And, of course, Christians use unleavened bread - some Christians, at least, in the Western Christian tradition tend to use unleavened bread for every Eucharistic celebration. And that in itself is understood to be an echo of that last supper. So Christians are sort of using a form of matzah throughout the year and celebrating a little Passover every Sunday, in one sense.","What about the journey from slavery to freedom which is part of the Passover celebration?The way that Christians celebrate the journey from death to life which is part of the resurrection of Christ - I mean, are those all parallels that we should pay attention to?","Well, the Easter Vigil itself is really a kind of mini Passover for Christians, I think. Much of its symbolism is specifically about mapping Jesus' narrative - the story of Jesus' connection and his movement from death to life - as a kind of image that parallels that of the Exodus experience so that Jesus becomes Israel itself and his passage from death to life is like the passage through the Red Sea."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Well, the Easter Vigil itself is really a kind of mini Passover for Christians, I think.Much of its symbolism is specifically about mapping Jesus' narrative - the story of Jesus' connection and his movement from death to life - as a kind of image that parallels that of the Exodus experience so that Jesus becomes Israel itself and his passage from death to life is like the passage through the Red Sea.","questions":"How is Jesus' narrative mapped in the Easter Vigil?","answer":"parallels"}
{"text":["Oh, we anticipate that to be the case. We've demonstrated this with antibodies, monoclonal antibodies. I mentioned enzymes already. And so we anticipate quite a range of potential utility for therapeutics.","So you think this a game-changer for storing drugs?","Well, we are very optimistic, yes. I think it could certainly have a major impact.","I want to thank you very much for taking time to be with us today, and good luck to you. It's very fascinating."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The antibodies and enzymes have potential for therapeutic use.","questions":"What is anticipated from the antibodies and enzymes?","answer":"Potential"}
{"text":["What do you think she'd think of what you've done?","I think she would be amazed. (Laughter) I have had nothing to do with the fashion world, and I don't think I'm known particularly for being fashionable. But in fact, Inga was my mother's name. But it's only afterwards that I realized looking it up that it actually means a hero's daughter. And that's very much how we feel - that this concept is in honor of the heroes in our life. And I hope it brings a great deal of comfort and dignity to others and just break this vicious cycle that patients often find themselves in.","Nikla Lancksweert is the co-founder of the clothing company INGA Wellbeing. Thank you so much for being with us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"I think she would be amazed.\" - The literal meaning suggests that the person being referred to would be surprised or astonished. However, the actual meaning here implies that the speaker believes the person mentioned would be proud or impressed by what they have accomplished.","questions":"What feeling would the person being referred to have towards what PersonA has accomplished?","answer":"Impressed"}
{"text":["Well, they basically came to myself, and from what I found out tens of thousands, if not hundreds of thousands of small businesses, and cut our credit limits down to bare bones. We had had a - what they call guidance of $165,000, which they tell you you have no credit limit, but you really do. They cut it to $5,000 which was laughable. We're a company with sales into eight figures and profits into seven figures, never have had a lost, been in business 27 years, and we called to question it. We were treated very poorly. The woman was actually nasty on the phone.","So we thought we don't need American Express, we have Capital One, Visa cards, and MasterCard, and everything else, and so we just closed our American Express account. I personally went from a Platinum card to a Green card just to have in case of an emergency. So I've not spent a penny with American Express in over a year, so I knew why I got the letter.","Well, tell me why they made that decision to cut your credit line from - you said $165,000 to $5,000?","Mm hmm. Yes. They seemed to have just gone into a panic last January, and I've seen comments all over the Web from other small businesses owners who had the same thing happened to them. They did it without warning. They actually refused charges we had made even though we weren't above our credit limit, we weren't delinquent."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : bare bones refers to their credit being SIGNIFICANTLY reduced","questions":"How much was the credit limit reduced by American Express?","answer":"$5,000"}
{"text":["Yes, yes, in fact three weeks ago, General Electric came here because they now realize that this is coming with a vehemence and changing - that all the lighting is going to be this. And of course they've got a lot of pride in this, and they could use it for their purposes.","So they came here and filmed one morning. I was pretty rough on them, in a sense, because I said I'm not going to do anything special for you guys. I believe in you, I've worked with you and all that, but just come in here with your stuff and film. And so it's in my drawer here.","It's going to be - you're not giving it to the Smithsonian or anybody like. . .","Hey, Ira, it's a tiny little crystal, and it's hard to believe that a tiny little crystal, you tickle it with a current, and wham, it'll blind you. In other words - I don't really don't know what ought to be done. You know, John Bardeen didn't give his first transistor box to the Smithsonian. It's here in a museum, and I don't know. That's an interesting question: Where should things like that go?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A is not willing to do anything special for General Electric's filming","questions":"How did PersonA respond to General Electric's request for filming?","answer":"Rough"}
{"text":["Well, it's - the prosecutors are saying that, essentially, they've got easier access to Julian Assange. He's no longer holed up in the Ecuadorian Embassy. He's in custody in the U. K. , so it's more feasible. I mean, they haven't proven him to be guilty or innocent, but the evidence hasn't changed. It wasn't due to a lack of evidence that they decided not to question him. It was pure logistics.","As we mentioned, the U. S.  is trying to extradite him, as is Sweden. Is there a chance that there could be competing claims against him here?","Yeah. The big question is who's going to get the chance to speak to him first?And Swedish prosecutors at their press conference - they basically said, we're going to let the U. K.  decide, but it could well be that it's down to the home secretary in the U. K. , the interior minister, to decide which of the countries he thinks has a more pressing case. Should it be the rape charges, or should it be the hacking classified military secrets in the U. S. ?","And there are also time considerations here. Tell us about the statute of limitations.","Yeah. In Sweden, there's a certain time limit for different kinds of crimes. And for rape, it's 10 years. So there's about a year to go before that statute of limitation limit is reached, which means there really is a time squeeze on authorities."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"He's no longer holed up\" implies that he is no longer staying in the Ecuadorian Embassy, not that he was in an actual hole.","questions":"Which place was Julian Assange no longer staying in?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Michael Ben-Ari is his name. He has had links to the outlawed Kahane movement, which calls for expelling Palestinians. And the Supreme Court disqualified him from running in elections because of his racist statements against Arabs. His far-right party is called the Jewish Strength or the Jewish Power party, and it is still running in elections.","Oh. So this one candidate is gone, but that party is still there. Now, how does that affect Benjamin Netanyahu who you wouldn't describe necessarily as far-right but he is absolutely on the right side of the spectrum?","This actually could help Netanyahu in the polls. He has been seen as legitimizing this far-right party. He recently brokered a deal to merge the party with others on the right wing to consolidate votes and to help him win elections. His base is very fired up about the fact that this far-right candidate has been disqualified but that an Arab party is being allowed to run.","Oh, well let's talk about that very briefly, if we can, because we've heard some headlines to that effect - people on the right saying if you elect this center-left coalition, it's going to bring Arabs to power. In what way, if at all, is that true?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.","questions":"How is the speaker implying something?","answer":"Indirectly"}
{"text":["What did it sound like?","(Imitating plane noise) A lot of, you know, you got hundreds of planes, one right after the other. It was very moving and exciting. You know, you wonder what's going to happen. And 'course, then we fly over the channel. You can look out the window and see the silhouettes of the ships. We know it's going to happen now.","That is Les Cruise. He's 95 years old, and he's one of the last surviving veterans of that D-Day mission. These days, he lives outside of Philadelphia. I went to visit him earlier this week.","I'm Noel. It's nice to meet you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Exciting experience of flying over the channel during the D-Day mission","questions":"How was the view from the window during the D-Day mission?","answer":"silhouettes"}
{"text":["Yeah. I think many of us were. But now to North Korea, which is slightly less joyful, as I said. We're seeing, suddenly, a list of demands from the North before this summit takes place - a halting of military exercises between South Korea and the U. S. They want the return of North Korean female restaurant workers in South Korea who the North claims were kidnapped. It seems we're having to negotiate before the negotiations.","You know, this is part of an old pattern of behavior. You know, the North Korea problem is a wicked problem, a deeply impacted, entangled problem. It's frustrated at least two American presidents - President Clinton and President George W.  Bush. And that's for a reason. And the reason is that nuclear weapons have actually been North Korea's business. They've been in the business of developing nuclear weapons, threatening the world with them and then shaking down the world for different forms of aid for them to either, you know, supposedly give up or mute or, you know, diminish their nuclear stockpile. And so it's just so hard for anyone to imagine that, having behaved that way for so many years, now they're about to give them up.","So is President Trump being played?You know, what does the Trump administration want out of the summit on June 12?","Well, you know, part of my reaction to it is - you know, Kim Jong Un, 35 years old - Donald Trump, 71 years old - alone in a room, negotiating nuclear weapons. What could go wrong?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The problem is extremely hard and difficult to understand as well as constantly changing.","questions":"Which word describes the North Korea problem?","answer":"Wicked"}
{"text":["Aw. We mentioned that you worked for President George W.  Bush, who advised John McCain. In your circle of friends, people there at the Hoover Institution - without violating any any confidences - your friends and colleagues - is your opinion widely held or are people who ordinarily would support the Republican candidate talking about voting for Hillary Clinton?","I think this is a real time of crisis for Republicans. It's hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Donald Trump. And it's very hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Hillary Clinton. In fact, I would have indulged the luxury of writing in one of my terrific nephews for president if I hadn't seen that the polls during the British referendum were off by 12 points. And my concern that (inaudible) be accurate, and everybody's vote's actually going to count this election.","Kori Schake is a research fellow at the Hoover Institution. She joined us by Skype. Thanks very much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People who usually would vote for the Republican candidate are considering voting for Hillary Clinton instead.","questions":"How are some Republicans considering voting in the upcoming election?","answer":"Considering"}
{"text":[". . . About 30 seconds left.","OK.","Do you think the administration perceives ISIS as a greater threat than the Assad regime in Syria and is making that choice in so many words?","Scott, that's the problem. The Iraq strategy is clear, but the Syria strategy is a muttle (ph) because there's a desire to the defeat ISIL. And we've had some success with the Kurds in the north, but there hasn't been a clear strategy vis-a-vis Assad. These are two problems that are connected, and you can't have a strategy that's just about one. We're hoping for a, you know, a strong outcome to these discussions in Geneva, the restart of a peace discussion about Syria. But we've been pursuing a strategy in Syria that's kind of a half strategy without having a strategy on Assad and the refugee crisis and so many other (unintelligible) for that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) implies that the US is trying to reach a political solution to the conflict in Syria, but without a strategy to deal with Assad and the refugee crisis.","questions":"Which crisis is PersonA referring to in turn 3?","answer":"refugee"}
{"text":["Yeah. It's a slam dunk. Yeah. I think that's kind of universal.","What's Krosno like?","Krosno is great. It's really small. It's about 50,000 people. It's kind of a young town, too - lots of high school students. But they get excited about basketball. So that's good.","I'm going to guess you're pretty well-known in town already."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 1).  In this context, \"slam dunk\" is not referring to a basketball move, but rather an expression meaning that something is certain or easy. The speaker is using it to convey their confidence in their statement.","questions":"What did PersonB mean by saying \"slam dunk\"?","answer":"Certain"}
{"text":["No, I didn't think they were racially motivated. They were just wrong. The president actually was referring to my opposition to the war in Iraq and suggesting somehow that I have not consistently opposed the war in Iraq.","Everybody who's looked at my track record knows that from 2002, when I made a speech in front of 3,000 people saying the war in Iraq was a mistake. Until today, I have consistently been opposed to this war.","And so the president, I think, was massaging the truth a little bit, and that's part of sort of standard Washington politics. But I think, at this point, you know, we're - we just want to move forward and make sure that we are talking about the issues that people are struggling with and particularly in economy right now that is teetering on the edge of recession.","That was Illinois Senator Barack Obama."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Turn (1) has an implicated meaning that is different from its literal meaning. Although the speaker denies that the remarks were racially motivated, the implication is that the speaker believes they were in fact racially motivated, and is trying to downplay or avoid addressing that implication.","questions":"How was the PersonA's opposition to the war in Iraq?","answer":"Consistently"}
{"text":["They are of course big spenders, but at the same time there are so many different kinds of collections as there are collections. Some collectors are happy, some are tormented. Some buy very little, while others can't help themselves. Why do people collect?Well, I once interviewed the great art historian Kenneth Clark and he once said that it's like asking why we fall in love. The reasons are quite so different. And it's very true.","Forgive a couple of stereotypes but are there a lot of Saudi princes or Russian billionaires on this list?","I haven't counted them all. One of my favorites is not Saudi and not a Russian prince. Let's call him Mr.  D.  He collects impressionist paintings and a good friend of mine was at his mansion not too long ago and the collector said before you look at them I just have to switch something on. And when he was exactly about five feet away from the Monet the sound system was activated and the room was abruptly flooded with Debussy.","Debussy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A: \"Why do people collect? Well, I once interviewed the great art historian Kenneth Clark and he once said that it's like asking why we fall in love.\" - The speaker is suggesting that the reasons why people collect things are complex and varied, and cannot be easily explained or generalized.","questions":"How did Kenneth Clark compare collecting things to falling in love?","answer":"Comparison"}
{"text":["Hi, Tony. How are you?","Listen, people define hate groups in different ways. So two things for you, how does the Southern Poverty Law Center determine if an organization deserves this classification, and what kinds of groups are we talking about here?","Basically, our definition of a hate group is a group which in its platform statements or in the speeches or writings of its leader says that an entire group of other people by virtue of their group characteristics is somehow less. So in other words, a group that says, you know, all black people are criminals, all white people are blue-eyed devils, all the Jews are whatever, is a hate group by our definition.","Are we talking then about the Klan, Nazi skinheads, something different and new perhaps?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Blue-eyed devils\" isn't literal. something people might say to indicate they think white people are evil. But they don't have to have blue eyes or be literal devils.","questions":"How does the term \"blue-eyed devils\" relate to the concept of hate groups?","answer":"Definition"}
{"text":["Absolutely not. In fact, the people of my state should know we are doing everything in our power to defend them. If it comes to a legal fight with the Trump administration, we're prepared to have it. I've had some experience with taking on the Trump administration litigation. We have yet to lose a case yet, and I don't plan on starting with this issue.","Attorney General Bob Ferguson of Washington state, thanks so much.","Oh, thank you, Scott. Have a great day.","And we contacted the Department of Justice for comment on Mr.  Ferguson's remarks about Attorney General Sessions. We have yet to receive a response."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The literal meaning of turn (2) is the speaker thanking the person who introduced him, but the implied meaning is just a polite expression to acknowledge the introduction. (3) The literal meaning of turn (3) is the speaker thanking the other person, but the implied meaning is just a polite expression to end the conversation.","questions":"What was the response of the Department of Justice on Mr. Ferguson's remarks about Attorney General Sessions?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Do the crime, do the time, that's the old line, right?But convicted perpetrators are still afforded basic human rights while serving out their debt to society. The Southern Center for Human Rights recently filed suit on behalf of a group of prisoners in Decatur, Alabama. The presiding judge describes the county jail as, quote, \"A Slave Ship. \"There, the sheriff is accused of starving his prisoners so he could pocket the profits off a lean kitchen budget. Joining us is Lisa Kung, the executive director of the Southern Center for Human Rights. Hi, Lisa.","Hi, how are you?","I'm good. So this case has just stunned people across the world. I couldn't believe it myself when I read about it. But I understand that there is a Depression-era law on the books that made this kind of profiteering legal. Tell us about the law and the details of the case.","Sure. That's right. Alabama has this arrangement where the state pays $1. 75 a day to the sheriffs - directly to the sheriffs for every person they have in his or her jail. Now, you and I know it's hard enough to come up with three meals a day for $1. 75, and what makes Alabama special is that it allows these sheriffs to take any of the money that they don't spend on food and put it straight into their own pocket."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The profiteering of sheriffs from prisoners' budget is a legal but shocking reality in Alabama","questions":"Which state allows sheriffs to take leftover money from prisoners' food budget as their own profit?","answer":"Alabama"}
{"text":["Finally, Mike, the Super Bowl is usually one huge party. But given the current economy, do you think it'll be as big of a celebration?","Officially, they give figures that are absolutely impossible to check about how much the Super Bowl adds to the economy. $300 million is one of the official totals. But I've read different economists saying the impact on a local economy is very small. And I have informally talked to some limo drivers and talked to some people who work in hotels. And they said, you know, a year ago, if you told them the Super Bowl was going to be here, they would've thought they'd all be booked up by now. But you can still get a limo maybe on Friday and Saturday, maybe not Sunday going to the game.","So it does - and another indication is that there used to be two huge parties sponsored by Playboy and Maxim, and Playboy is not having its party. So that's the economic indicator of this Super Bowl, that Playboy is not having its party.","NPR's Mike Pesca in Tampa, Florida for this weekend's Super Bowl. Thanks Mike."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  economy is not literally hit by the super bowl, but affected by it; booked up does not mean surrounded by books, but there are no hotel rooms available","questions":"Which party is not having its event as an economic indicator of this Super Bowl?","answer":"Playboy"}
{"text":["Science and magic are supposed to be opposites. Science is real, and it's hard, and it's facts-driven. Magic is illusion, and it's make-believe. Two separate worlds. But not for Teller, half of the famous magic duo Penn & Teller. He recently wrote an article for Smithsonian magazine, outlining the secrets that magicians use to manipulate the human mind and how those tricks may be put to use by scientists. At the core of every trick, he wrote, is a cold, cognitive experiment in perception. Does the trick fool the audience?","Well, in this portion of the program, we would like to hear from the magicians out there. What is the trick that proved most difficult for you to master?And if you want to share its secret, what was its secret?Our number is 800-989-8255. Our email address is talk@npr. org. And you can join the conversation on our website. Go to npr. org, and click on TALK OF THE NATION. Teller joins us from NPR member station KNPR in Las Vegas. Teller, thanks very much for joining us.","Happy to be here.","So psychologists talk about the artistic intuition that magicians have, this innate ability honed over time, a lot, a lot of time to grab a person's attention and control it and manipulate it. Are they right about that?Are psychologists on to something in this assessment of what you magicians are really up to?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"What is the trick that proved most difficult for you to master?\" Here, the word \"trick\" is used to refer to a specific magic performance or illusion. The literal meaning of \"trick\" is a cunning or deceitful act, but in the context of magicians, it represents a skillful and entertaining performance.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue refers to a skillful and entertaining magic performance?","answer":"Grab"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. But you see what I mean?Because it is about perception and how we need to be - to understand what we're seeing before we can really see it, that's really key to understanding this whole issue of climate change and why we see or don't see what's right in front of us.","What drew you to monarchs in the first place?","I had really wanted to write about the subject for a long time. I live in southern Appalachia. I am surrounded by neighbors and friends - people I respect very much - who don't really understand climate change or believe in it, even though, as farmers, they're getting socked by it. We've had unprecedented, disastrous weather time and again. So it's such a strange contradiction that the people in our continent who are first to feel the harm of a changing climate are the last to be able to talk about it.","That was such a conundrum and such rich territory for a novel to tread, that I was just looking for the right way to get into the subject. And one morning, I just woke up with this vision in my eyes of millions of butterflies covering the forest behind my house. I just - I mean, I didn't actually see it. I imagined it. I woke up and there it was, and I knew that was it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Farmers in southern Appalachia feel the harm of a changing climate but are the last to talk about it.","questions":"Which group of people are experiencing the consequences of a changing climate in southern Appalachia?","answer":"Farmers"}
{"text":["Well, he's a remarkable individual. He has transformed Indian politics. He has led his party from a very low level in parliament to an enormous majority. He has a party that is the largest single party in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament. He is seen as a transformative figure. He's also seen as a divisive figure because of his past, but he has promised - and some of the early indications are - that he's not allowing that extreme element within his party a powerful say in government.","You have come out with a study at the Atlantic Council that demonstrates some of the economic costs of the arms race, which includes not just the cost of the arms and the cost of maintaining the vast military structures, but the deficits that have been created - lost opportunities for tourism and other industries. Try and sketch that out for us, if you could.","Yes, the current trade is only $2 billion. Economics 101 dictates that you trade with your neighbors. It makes no sense for them to have trade with distant countries. But, if they were to go back to the level of trade that they had at the time of independence in 1947, you could have between $40 and $100 billion worth of trade between the two countries. And more important - if they open their borders to each other, you would have tourism trade. You would have religious tourism from both sides and you would have trade with Central Asia through Afghanistan.","And if India is going to become the major power that it wants to be in the region and on the global stage, it will need every ounce of energy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"it will need every ounce of energy\" - The literal meaning is that India will need every unit of energy. The actual meaning is that India will need to put in a lot of effort to become a major power in the region and on the global stage.","questions":"Which figure is seen as both transformative and divisive?","answer":"Modi"}
{"text":["The government sets the interest rates and so the banks can make a lot money. And if you're a Chinese person, you can't really get much of your capital out of the country. So where else are you going to put it?","One of the problems with the banks is that they tend to invest in state-owned enterprises. It's kind of part of their job, and it's less risky. But most of the jobs in China are really produced by private enterprise, as they are here in the United States. And it's much harder for them to get capital. So people are, in many ways, feelings that the economy is out of whack in a number ways and that there need to be some serious changes. The government knows this, but there are now very strong vested interests in state-owned enterprises and the banks. And so getting that done is not going to be easy politically.","And even some of those big industries who are in the, I guess, the equivalent of a China's Pittsburgh, the Steel City, and a couple of vast enterprises there, well, they've gone under.","The over-capacity in the steel is extraordinary, and the debt now is over $400 billion. It's actually owned by steel companies largely to Chinese banks. And it's going to take years to work through that over-capacity."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Chinese people face restrictions on moving their capital out of the country","questions":"Which nationality is facing difficulties in moving their capital out of the country?","answer":"Chinese"}
{"text":["And a few facts to guard those younger than you and me. Britain seized the Falklands in 1833, illegal then and illegal now, according to Argentina, which calls them the Malvinas. Every Argentine school child learns Islas Malvinas son Argentinas, but the roughly 3,200 residents adamantly insist they and the Falklands are and will always be British. But Jackson Diehl, none of that has changed since the end of the war three decades ago. Why has this dispute reemerge now?","I think it has to do with Argentine politics more than anything else. The reason the Argentine junta in 1982, military generals in charge at the time, invaded the Falklands, was they were desperate to distract popular attention from the fact that the economy was tanking and that they were losing their legitimacy. Now we have a civilian government in power, which, to its credit, doesn't want to invade the Falklands, but it has the same difficult economic problems again and it has the same problems with potentially losing legitimacy at home. And this is a very easy way to distract people.","This time, though, there is no hint of military action.","There isn't. And I think the interesting thing about this government is they have cut the Argentine military budget so severely in the last few years that even if Argentina wanted to invade the Falklands, they would be incapable of doing so. So that's one good thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing a subtle hint or suggestion, rather than stating something directly.","questions":"How is the speaker expressing their message in turn 1?","answer":"Subtle"}
{"text":["Mm hmm.","Interracial relationships, though, may still be controversial to some degree. How do you see the difference if you see one between interracial relationships today and the way they were when you were doing Society's Child?","You know, it's a huge difference from my viewpoint. There will always be those people who are just backward and ignorant. There will always be those people. They need somebody to feel superior to. For my point of view, I live in Nashville, Tennessee, there's no way I could have lived in Nashville at 16 in 1966, '67. There's no way that Nashville would have had room for somebody like me then. I see interracial couples all the time in Nashville. I'm a Jew in Nashville. I'm a gay person in Nashville. It's a non-issue in most of the time. That's a huge leap forward.","(Singing) You come to my door, baby, Your face is clean and shinning, black as night. My momma went to answer, You know, that you looked so kind. Now, I could understand the tears and the shame, She called you, boy, instead of your name, When she wouldn't let you inside, When she turned and said, \"But, honey, he's not our kind. \"She says I can't see you anymore, baby, I can't see you anymore."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : she says I can't see you anymore, baby, I can't see you anymore.","questions":"What does the mother call the person at the door in the song?","answer":"Boy"}
{"text":["Well, first, they obviously don't enjoy broad support among the population. They do have a core group of support, but if forced to stand in election, they would lose. Which is why they have avoided that, or attempted to manipulate or manufacture the results of elections. Secondly, they are dependent, for their long-term viability, on their relationship with the Venezuelan armed forces, which is what the Trump administration and others have focused on at this point.","When you talk about the dependence on the armed forces, I'm reminded of that old saying, that one definition of the government is they have a monopoly on the use of force.","Correct.","When all else fails, they have that.","Correct."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The government's reliance on armed forces is a defining characteristic of their power.","questions":"Which characteristic of the government is highlighted in the dialogue?","answer":"reliance"}
{"text":["Exactly so. Dopamine, the opiates, these are the chemicals of pleasure and addiction.","So, some people have questioned whether or not there really can be something like technology addiction. What makes you so sure that there is?","Well, there are certain signs and symptoms. All addictions have certain patterns. They - it really involves somebody being able to feel high from engaging in the activity, beginning to lose control over that, and find themselves really behaving in a compulsive way with it, and going into withdrawal when they are not able to engage in that, and then engaging in the behavior in spite of negative consequences. So, that general pattern holds for all addictions, and it holds very much so for these high-tech addictions as well.","Let's talk about the whole idea of withdrawal, because if you have a chemical addiction, withdrawal, you know, for example, from heroin can include things like sweats and, you know, body aches and all sorts of physical symptoms, but what do you really mean by withdrawal from technology?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Certain chemicals in the brain are associated with pleasure and addiction.","questions":"What are the chemicals associated with addiction?","answer":"Dopamine"}
{"text":["We can say she grew up. She had a daughter of her own who became curious about family secrets kept from both her and her mother for decades. That daughter is Laura Cumming, and she's the author of \"Five Days Gone. \"She joins me now from London.","Laura Cumming, welcome.","Thank you.","Start with the kidnapping, which is absolutely central to the book you've written. It was not central to your mother's life. She was only 3. She had no memory of it. And she didn't even learn of it until she was well into middle age. Is that right?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The phrase \"central to the book you've written\" in this context does not literally mean that the book is physically located in the center, but rather that the kidnapping plays a major and important role in the narrative of the book. Similarly, the phrase \"well into middle age\" does not refer to a specific age range or point in time, but rather a general time period when someone is considered to be middle-aged.","questions":"What does the phrase \"central\" mean in the context of the book?","answer":"a"}
{"text":["Shawn Zahir. I want to share one quick story. I have many stories. The surgeon said to me - and this was one we still didn't know his name - he said, listen, you're very lucky and your daughter's very lucky because she got the liver of a good man. I've done this surgery many times. Most people when they wake up they say, when can I get back to work?When can I play sports?The first question that he asked was, when can I donate blood again?","Yeah. Nusayba was all set up for an initial transplant, but these things are unpredictable - didn't work out.","Gut punch at the last second. The donor, who was an acquaintance of mine, who had never met Nusayba - and I can finally reveal her name because the text just came through, Scott, that she gave me permission - Megan Black was willing to donate a piece of her liver. Her entire family was on board. And at the last second, the lead doctor, Dr.  Fishbein, who's been doing this for 30 years, saw a complication, called it off. Megan was crying. Her family was crying. She apologized. But if it wasn't for Megan stepping up and for this bad news, we wouldn't have done the call out. And we wouldn't have gotten Shawn. So we also owe Megan a huge gratitude. Thank you, Megan.","Boy. Nusaybe, you've been able to - she's been able to talk to you and Sarah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She got the liver of a man that cares about others more than himself.","questions":"How would you describe the character of the liver donor?","answer":"Cares"}
{"text":["Hopelessness and uncertainty.","Are people trying to leave, and is that something you've considered?","Many people have no choice. And they think - the only thing - I can leave the country. But how can they do that with the huge amount of limitations on Iranians' travelings (ph) and economical limits?They cannot do that. It is very, very difficult for them. And now we see a lot of Iranians who are abroad the country who are evacuating. They cannot do it anymore because of the higher dollar prices. They have to return to the country. It is very difficult situation for them.","Well, thank you so much for speaking with us and sharing your story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asking if the person has considered leaving the country due to the difficult situation.","questions":"What is the reason for people leaving the country?","answer":"difficulties"}
{"text":["I should remind Americans that, in Britain, the prime minister normally controls the agenda in Parliament. He was blocked yesterday. What was it like to be on the floor for yesterday's vote?","Well, it was exciting. I mean, the chamber the House of Commons - I often take Americans around it. It's very different from Congress or the Senate. It's very confrontational. There are seats facing opposite each other, so you get to shout at each other. But, of course, in this instance, the fight was between people sitting on the same benches. So you kind of shout across at each other. It's also a very small chamber, a very intimate chamber. So in that sense, it adds to the drama.","Well, Prime Minister Johnson said he would expel you rebels from the Conservative Party. Did that happen overnight?Are you no longer a member of the Conservative Party?","Yeah. He's been true to his word. I have lost what we call the whip. So we're not members of the Conservative Parliamentary Party, we're independent MPs, which has been forced on us rather than a choice made by us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Being expelled from the Conservative Party was not their choice","questions":"How did they become independent MPs?","answer":"Forced"}
{"text":["You offered to do this for nothing. Is that offer still out there?","Of course.","You manage, well, you did manage $720 billion in assets. I'm not sure your portfolio's still worth 720. A month ago, it was.","Well, it's worth more now because we've grown and taken in additional assets, not because our assets have miraculously gone up in price."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A's portfolio has grown due to additional assets, not increased prices.","questions":"What has been the reason for growth in PersonA's portfolio?","answer":"Growth"}
{"text":["He ended up in a small town in Alabama where he did have an encounter with a local police officer. At that point, he told police he had had a canoeing accident. They led him to a local motel. He checked in, paid cash. The police came back later to try to locate him. And by that time, he'd wandered off into the woods.","Why might Mr.  Schrenker want people to believe he was dead?","Well, it turns out he faces just a host of financial problems, also some personal problems, I might add. The Indiana Securities Division, the Indiana Insurance Commissioner are both looking into very serious allegations of misappropriated money from his financial company.","And do you think, even given these problems, he might have had enough assets to help him flee the country?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He did not have a canoeing accident, he was running away from something.","questions":"How did Mr. Schrenker end up in Alabama?","answer":"Wandered"}
{"text":["Absolutely. I played hockey starting when I was 3, 4 years old, loved to go see the Canucks here in my hometown and, you know, certainly not only saw a lot of fights but kind of internalized the message that they were inherently good and valuable to the game of hockey.","And what happened that changed your view of the fighting?","So I went to a junior hockey game here in Vancouver. And it was just a regular night out with the boys, Friday night, drinking some beers, sat down in my seventh row seat. And it was one of those games where the gloves beat the puck to the ice. So there's a fight before the game even starts. And the crowd rises up around me. There's this guttural thunder. You hear it. And usually I would have been right there kind of cheering it along or not really paying it much mind.","But for some reason in that moment, I really zoned in on the two players' faces, and in that moment realized they're just children, and had to ask myself in that moment, what are we doing?We're 10,000 adults in a big room cheering for two kids to pulverize each other's faces. And I looked at the program, indeed - 16 and 17 years old. I've never been able to look at fighting the same since. But it would be a lie to say that there aren't a lot of people who are hockey fans who sincerely love this practice and this tradition."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It was a game where the players fought with each other more than played the game.","questions":"What type of game was it?","answer":"great"}
{"text":["Yeah, Scott, well it began with - you know, it was a warm night last night, and people were out - it was a Friday night - sitting at a restaurant out at a cafe. And that's how it started. The attackers drove by with Kalashnikovs and just fired into everyone at that outdoor cafe. And there was also an attack on the stadium - the national stadium - where Francois Hollande was watching a game - a friendly game - match between France and Germany - a soccer match. And two assailants blew themselves up with - they were suicide bombers outside the stadium. And everyone ran to the grass to take cover. There was complete chaos. It had to be evacuated. The thing authorities are saying that's so striking is that they were perfectly coordinated.","To occur at the same time. . .","Exactly.",". . . Which, of course, would deplete the emergency resources the city could bring to it. In the. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is agreeing with the previous speaker's statement about the attacks being coordinated, and the use of the word \"exactly\" suggests a shared understanding between the two speakers. This also implies that there may be more to the story than what has been reported so far, and that further investigation may be necessary to fully understand the nature and motives of the attackers.","questions":"Which word suggests a shared understanding between the two speakers about the coordinated attacks?","answer":"Shared"}
{"text":["The so-called Energy Climate Czar, I think people are calling it. I suppose if we have a car czar, we have to have a climate czar. This is supposedly going to be Carol Browner, who was the head of EPA in both Clinton administrations, actually, I think probably the longest serving EPA director.","She's a lawyer. She used to work with Al Gore in the Senate. She has earned herself quite a reputation when she was working for President Clinton as a tough regulator, someone who defended the Clean Air Act vigorously against lawsuits brought by industry questioning some of the scope of the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act. So she comes with, again, quite a lot of green credentials and reputation for being very savvy on how Washington works.","And finally, Chris, can you tell us a bit about who is going to head up Mr.  Obama's EPA?","Again, the name that's being bandied about quite a bit about is a woman named Lisa Jackson. She is a chemical engineer, and she is working currently as the environment - she started working as the environment head for the state of New Jersey in 2006. And again, she also worked at EPA during the Clinton years, so we've got a couple of people here who were Clinton executives and environmental movers and shakers during the Clinton administration."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The term 'Czar' is used to refer to the head of a certain field, although it does not hold any official title or position in the government.","questions":"Which word is used to refer to the head of a certain field, although it does not hold any official title or position in the government?","answer":"Czar"}
{"text":["The MIT Media Lab has been under fire for the past several weeks for its financial links to deceased sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. The lab's director, Joi Ito, initially said he had accepted $525,000 and more for his own private tech investment funds from Epstein, and he apologized. Now The New Yorker has detailed the lengths to which the MIT lab went to conceal its acceptance of millions of dollars more in gifts arranged by Epstein. Today, Ito formally resigned, writing, quote, \"after giving the matter a great deal of thought over the past several days and weeks, I think that it is best that I resign as director of the media lab and as a professor and employee of the institute, effective immediately\" - unquote. Joining us to talk about this is NPR media correspondent David Folkenflik from New York.","David, welcome back. Thanks for joining us.","My pleasure.","Could you just walk us through the scale of this?How far did MIT go to conceal their ties with Jeffrey Epstein?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Joi Ito received money from Jeffrey Epstein, leading to his resignation from the Media Lab.","questions":"How much money did Joi Ito accept from Jeffrey Epstein?","answer":"$525,000"}
{"text":["Oh, there are lots of modern blunders but not all of them are brilliant.","To be brilliant, it has to be truly an epic blunder, is what you're saying.","Well, it has to be something that in one way or another leads to a real breakthrough. You know, this is how I define, you know, a brilliant blunder and not just something that is a big mistake. I mean there are lots of huge mistakes.","While I was writing this book, when people would ask me what is your book about, I said, you know, it's about brilliant blunders and it's not an autobiography."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : To be truly brilliant, a blunder must lead to a real breakthrough.","questions":"What does a blunder have to lead to in order to be truly brilliant, according to A?","answer":"Breakthrough"}
{"text":["Well, surprisingly there really aren't many regulations for consumer drones. There are some important rules that you have to stick to. You can't fly within five miles of an airport without special permission. You're not allowed to fly in heavily populated areas or over sports stadiums. You can only fight at altitudes of 400 feet or less. And you can't fly in D. C.  because someone crashed a drone on the White House lawn, so. . .","So all of D. C.  is out.","All of D. C.  is out, yes.","You know, I understand, or at least I saw on \"Law & Order\" years ago, that ignorance of the law is no defense. But I'd venture to say a lot of people are a little foggy on exactly how far they are from the airport."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : a little foggy implies that the people do not have exact information","questions":"What does \"a little foggy\" imply about people's knowledge of their proximity to the airport?","answer":"Inexact"}
{"text":["Yes.","That's a lot.","It's a small fraction of what could have been if there hadn't been steps taken to move animals from flood-prone areas before the storm. Certainly, it's tragic, but agriculture is a leaky system. It's prone to all sorts of weather-related perils and that's just unfortunately the way it is.","Mark Rice, who's director of the Animal and Poultry Waste Management Center at North Carolina State, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn that has a figurative meaning is (3) \"agriculture is a leaky system\". This is a metaphorical way of saying that the agricultural industry is vulnerable to various external factors, such as weather-related disasters, which can cause significant damage.  The other turns do not have any apparent figurative meaning and can be interpreted literally.","questions":"How is the agricultural industry described in turn 2?","answer":"leaky"}
{"text":["(Laughter) Well, punctuation cooking may be a bit different, but I call it a great deal of those dishes where people have little bottle and they do little dots and the little comma and question mark all around.","(Laughter).","And basically, there (laughter) is no sauce to dip your bread in. You don't really know what those things have to do with the food. When I cook, I like people to be able to identify the food. I like people to feel comfortable. I want people to look at my food and start salivating and starting thinking of a marriage of that food with a certain type of wine and so forth. But in molecular cuisine, this is fine. I mean, up to a certain extent - a meal or two this way, but after a while, I just want to go out and have a taco and a beer (laughter).","(Laughter) As I was reading your book, you know, Julia Child - your friend and co-conspirator of many years - was famous for telling us, remember, nobody sees you in the kitchen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) In turn (1), the speaker is talking about a type of cooking where punctuation marks are used to decorate dishes. The implied meaning is that this type of cooking is different from traditional cooking methods, and it may not be appealing to everyone.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the cooking method mentioned in turn 1?","answer":"Decorative"}
{"text":["Before there was \"Gangnam Style,\" the dress or the ice bucket challenge, there were other stories that raced around the country. In the 19th century, newspapers throughout the U. S.  were kind of early aggregators. They just helped themselves to each other's stories, so if something juicy turned up in Boston, it would soon find its way into print in Chicago or Kansas City. That's the finding of researchers at Northeastern University. They used computers to search through those old publications for stories that went - sorry, can't avoid saying it - viral. Ryan Cordell is one of those researchers. He joins from the studios of WBUR in Boston. Thanks for being with us.","I'm glad to be here.","What is the 19th century equivalent of a cat perching on the toilet?","Well, we found quite a few of them; a lot of household hints and stories. One of my favorites is a story that purports to be a young man in church who is wooing a young lady by circling passages in the Bible and handing them to her and that they're married a year later as the story says at the end."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"cat perching on the toilet\" - refers to a popular internet meme, but in this context, it's asking for an equivalent popular phenomenon in the 19th century, so the literal meaning of a cat perching on a toilet is not intended.","questions":"How does the interviewer ask for a popular phenomenon in the 19th century equivalent to the \"cat perching on the toilet\" meme?","answer":"Confrontational"}
{"text":["In 2013, a professor there, Ethan Zuckerman, had said, look - this is a guy who's a sex offender. He's done these crimes against children, solicited procurement of prostitution of minors. He shouldn't be involved in the institute. So two years later, when Ito was making sure that he could come to the offices to look around, they essentially said, we've got to box Zuckerman out so that he won't be able to see that Epstein is on campus.","So have there been any ramifications to this other than Ito's resignation?","Well, sure. Zuckerman resigned. A couple other people have resigned affiliations with the lab. I think there's real questions focusing on the university - why this resignation didn't come sooner, why it wasn't forced. You don't need an MIT Ph. D.  to be able to read the writing on the wall that's in letters that big. And they should have had some accountability and responsibility. The initial statements didn't, you know, seem to allow the precise nature of the interactions, the precise figures involved to be obscured to the public. That's not the kind of accountability you want from a place like MIT.","Can you just talk a little bit more about what you think the bigger-picture consequences are of this?I mean, what does this lab do, and why do you think that it's important that people focus on something like this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : MIT should have taken responsibility and acted sooner to address the issue.","questions":"What did the initial statements fail to provide?","answer":"Accountability"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. European leaders meet in Brussels to discuss further sanctions against Russia. That's after Russia's military incursion this week in eastern Ukraine. Those Russian troops and their military equipment are widely believed to be helping separatist fighters and their new offensive in southeastern Ukraine. The rebels were able to capture a strategic town on Thursday. And NPR's Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson is there. Soraya, thanks very much for being with us. Tell us about this town that was captured.","The town is called Novoazovsk, and it's a resort town on the seaside here - the sea of Azov. There about 13,000 people live here, although it looks very vacant at the moment. But what happened is, earlier this week, separatist forces came in. They fought with Ukrainians, who - and the separatists claim they fled fairly quickly. But the fighting was pretty intense for three days according to the residents that we spoke to.","And at this point, it's under the control of the pro-separatist forces. Now we actually saw somebody who looked - I mean, he sounded Russian. He had a Russian gun. There seems to be a mix of people here. Definitely not locals who are here. But the separatists claim that they do not have any Russians among them. That these are Ukrainian fighters who are here that are creating the new Russia and that all the weapons and tanks that we're seeing - and we've seen at least three tanks here. They claim that these are confiscated from Ukrainians.","Is the takeover popular?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The implied meaning of this question is to ask whether the people of Novoazovsk are in favour of the takeover by pro-separatist forces.","questions":"What is the purpose of the question asked by PersonB in turn 3?","answer":"Perception"}
{"text":["Four-fifty a month, sorry, I think I missed it. But that would translate to, like, 15 hours a day.","Yeah, yeah.","You're saying yeah, like it's no big deal. I mean, but where does - what drives you?That seems like a lot of time.","It is a lot of time, but, I mean, at the end of the day, why does anyone do anything?It makes me feel alive, and it makes me feel excited about the world, I guess.","There's no ads on Brainpickings, either. Why did you make that decision?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The narrator said there's no ads as in interruptions from A's mind. He wants an explanation to why he took the job.","questions":"How did the narrator describe the ads on Brainpickings?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["If Beijing could have its way, David, what do you think they would want to do with Hong Kong?What would they want from Hong Kong?","Well, we know they would like Hong Kong to basically focus on money and making money and not worry about politics at all. That was the model. I mean, it's a comparison that Beijing would hate. But the truth is they basically treat it like a colony. It used to be a British colony. It's now a colony of China. And like any well-behaved colony, you're meant to focus on getting rich, making money and not worry about politics.","And David, just briefly, what happens in 2047, 50 years after Britain hands Hong Kong back to China?What happens then?","Well, then the promise of one country, two systems falls away, but the truth is they're going to try and chip away as in all kinds of small and subtle ways before then. We're also going to see probably more mainland immigration into Hong Kong - would be one way of diluting Hong Kong's kind of will to resist. But let's not underestimate an amazing thing that happened. There is a piece of China that gets free press, that knows what's happening, that is allowed to protest - not allowed where I'm sitting in Beijing - and they said, no, and the government backed off. And that's an absolutely extraordinary thing that can only happen in Hong Kong."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : China wants Hong Kong to focus on making money and ignore politics","questions":"Which model does Beijing want Hong Kong to follow?","answer":"Colony"}
{"text":["After he infected you?","Yeah, yeah.","So, let me get this straight. He infected you. You went back to him, and then he didn't want to be associated with you because other people knew about you?","Right. And he was scared his own status would be revealed. They would, you know, he was scared people would think, oh, she got it from him, and things like that.","What was it that you think made you go back to him when many other people would say I'm so angry I want to smack this guy up the head, or worse?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : smack implies giving the person a quick blow or slap","questions":"Which word describes the kind of blow that \"smack\" implies in turn 4?","answer":"quick"}
{"text":["The federal investigations looming over the Trump administration kicked into high gear this past week, yielding legal consequences for not one but four of his associates. Former campaign Chairman Paul Manafort was convicted on eight counts in federal court while, at virtually the same time, Trump's personal lawyer Michael Cohen pleaded guilty and implicated the president. Add to that news that prosecutors reached immunity deals with two Trump allies - David Pecker, the publisher of the National Enquirer, and Allen Weisselberg, chief financial officer of The Trump Organization. To sort through what all this means, I'm joined by Anne Milgram, a former state and federal prosecutor and former attorney general of New Jersey. Welcome to the program.","Thanks for having me.","And let's talk about that immunity. Prosecutors have worked out deals to get cooperation from at least these two men that we know about. What's the upshot of that?","So the upshot with Pecker, I think, could be enormous for the government in terms of getting evidence about Donald Trump. We understand that he had - he's friends with Trump for 20 years or more and that they've had a long relationship. What I think is one of the most interesting questions here is not just that he's cooperated related to the Cohen piece but also what other evidence he may have. Were there other deals made?Were there other stories that they caught and killed, as they say in the business, where they pay people to not actually publish a story and not have it go public?So that, I think, is particularly interesting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Caught and killed\" is not literal. It refers to newspaper stories being not being published due to interference from the subject of those stories.","questions":"How does \"caught and killed\" refer to newspaper stories?","answer":"Interference"}
{"text":["Thank you. Thanks for having me.","Now, the books were released on inauguration day. I don't know if that was significant or not. Tell us if it was and what inspired these collections?","Well, these collections I have been thinking about for a long time. I've been talking about it with my agent for sometime about doing something like this. The big fear was that, no publisher would be that interested in it because they wouldn't think the collection could be sustained over a period of time doing it every year. But Bantam believed it and so Bantam, we ultimately made a deal with Bantam to do it. The date wasn't really significant. I mean, the date turned out to be significant but we had set the date a long time before and we were just hoping that Obama would win so the date would really have some significance but it was all an accident. It turned out well though.","Now, you're going to - we've had anthologies before obviously. But the new thing about this anthology is that you're going to try to publish it annually. How difficult do you think that is likely to be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The books were released on inauguration day may have been significant","questions":"What was the date of the release of the books?","answer":"Inauguration"}
{"text":["And why do you think Mr.  Mueller should be fired?","Well, I think there have been a number of instances when bias has been demonstrated within the Mueller probe; also, the manner in which the team has been put together, the relationship between Mr.  Mueller and Mr.  Comey; and then finally, some of the details of the intelligence memo that we hope is made public this week would seem to indicate that no prosecution could ever be brought from the Mueller probe. And thus, its utility has been outlived.","Could you cite a single example of bias?","Sure. Andrew Weissman, the No. 2 member of the Mueller probe, attended the Hillary Clinton election night party. You would think with all the talented prosecutors to be asked throughout the federal system, we could likely assemble a team without having to pick the people who were engaged in the 2016 election to the extent that they would be at one of the candidates' election night parties."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The selection of Mueller's team members may not have been impartial","questions":"How was bias demonstrated in the selection of Mueller's team members?","answer":"Impartiality"}
{"text":["I think that teenagers - I mean, some were very passionately involved in this. And, you know, teachers do feel things very passionately. It's why they're such a great audience to write for. But others are getting a little bit fed up because these controversies within YA, especially, are dominated by adults, and they're led by adults. So the teens are starting to kind of push back a little bit and saying, you know, this community is supposed to be for us, and you guys are messing it up.","(Laughter) As adults often do mess up things, don't we?","It's true. We ruin everything.","Kat Rosenfield, her article \"The Toxic Drama On YA Twitter\" is on Vulture. com. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Suggesting that adults are often responsible for causing problems.","questions":"Which turn suggests that adults are often the cause of problems?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["Well, Katie Couric is set to interview Sarah Palin, so we're taking folks' questions. We want to know what they think Katie Couric should ask. We've got video interviews with singer Eric Benet and Glynn Turman who won an Emmy over the weekend.","He did.","Yeah, we're going to revisit that video. And we have more video interviews coming up with the cast of Spike Lee's \"Miracle at St. Anna. \"","Oh, sounds like some good stuff."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People are being asked to suggest questions for Katie Couric's interview with Sarah Palin.","questions":"How are viewers participating in Katie Couric's interview with Sarah Palin?","answer":"Suggest"}
{"text":["The problem is 90 percent of space in our military is in the Air Force. So what we're basically going to be doing is taking the current infrastructure - for example, Space Command in Colorado Springs will become the headquarters for the Space Corps. We're talking about taking the people that we need to take that deal with space and segregating them into a culture that appreciates them.","The Air Force has pushed back on this. The Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson said, quote, \"the Pentagon is complicated enough. This will make it more complex, add more boxes to the organization chart and cost more money. \"Is she wrong?","She's absolutely wrong. The bureaucracy is always going to fight reform - always, especially the Pentagon. They're fighting this because they don't want Congress meddling. You know, what I've told her is, in 16 years, the Air Force has not changed a thing. And they've got us in this situation now where Russia and China have become near peers. They're close to surpassing us. What we're proposing would change that.","I think what some people would say is that we are cooperating with the Russians on the International Space Station. Should space be the new frontier of warfare, or should it actually be a place where, indeed, these cooperations flourish?After all, we are all on one planet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Should space be the new frontier of warfare, or should it actually be a place where, indeed, these cooperations flourish?\" - This phrase implies that there is a debate over whether space should be viewed as a potential battlefield, or as a place where nations can work together peacefully and collaboratively on scientific and exploratory projects.","questions":"What is the debate mentioned in turn 3 of the dialogue about?","answer":"Debate"}
{"text":["First of all, Ford says it doesn't need the money right now. It needs a line of credit in case. And they believe that they can make it, that they can make it through these hard times. So, there is one big difference. They don't have to go to the extremes that, say, GM does, who say they need money right now.","Jean, I'd like to go back to GM for a moment, and I know you mentioned Larry Burns is a friend. If you were to point out one thing that you think that they're not doing that they should be doing at General Motors, what would that be?","You know, they have been just slow, very slow. They have brought out many, many vehicles in the past - and he is absolutely correct when he says, you know, nine of the last 10 vehicles that have come out have been great vehicles. Two of the next 24 will be what Congress is asking them to do.","So, they're addressing the issues. They have the Chevy Cruise. They have the Malibu, which was an Automobile Magazine All-Star last year, its first year out. We called it better than a Camry. They have a Malibu hybrid. They have the Cadillac line, CTS, CTSV. They have Volt. They have very good vehicles coming out. They have been perhaps slow to ax the ones that are not so good.","Jean Jennings is the editor of Automobile magazine. Thanks, Jean."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : THEIR VARITIES OF VEHICLES EXPLAINS THE CONDITION ","questions":"How do they explain their condition?","answer":"Varieties"}
{"text":["Those are the main parts. So they're saying that when the mandate penalty goes away next January, the protections for preexisting conditions should go away as well. That's not exactly what the attorneys general were arguing, but that's what the Justice Department position is.","How might this change how individual people are covered and treated in this country?","Well, immediately, of course, it wouldn't. The Justice Department isn't asking for anything immediately. Obviously, this is a lawsuit, and it could take months or even years to work its way through the courts. But it does certainly raise the prospect of a court decision that would say there could be no more protections for people with preexisting conditions. That's one of the most popular parts of the health law.","We've been getting reports from all over the country about how health care premiums are going up. Why is that happening?Do you expect it to keep happening?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Justice Department position is that preexisting conditions should not be protected","questions":"What is the Justice Department's position on preexisting conditions?","answer":"shouldnot"}
{"text":["But Barack Obama blew right straight through half a million, a million. He's now approaching a million and a half donors. And of course they are not all giving the maximum amount of money, most of them are just giving 100 dollars or less, or 200 dollars or less. Nonetheless, the size, the base of that fundraising operation means that he can raise all the money that he needs, including, very possibly, money that would go to help retire Hillary Clinton's campaign debt after she does drop out, assuming some day she does.","Well Ron, thanks so much.","Thank you, Farai.","That was NPR's senior Washington editor Ron Elving, and he joined me at NPR headquarters in Washington, D. C."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"blow right straight through\" - This is an idiomatic expression that means to exceed a goal or a limit with great force or speed. It does not mean that Barack Obama physically blew through anything.","questions":"Which expression is an idiom that means to exceed a goal or a limit with great force or speed?","answer":"Blow"}
{"text":["Yeah, I think so. I think it's sort of like - the way I've been thinking about it, whereas Neanderthals - they were kind of an archaeological group that was in search of genomics and genetic elucidation, so we had all these bones from individuals we knew were Neanderthals because we've studied their archaeology and the tools they made so well, and so we wanted to compare that archaeology, the people who carried those - made those tools to present-day humans, see how they were related.","But in the case of the Denisovans, we started with the DNA, and we know there must have been a population, and really interesting to see what they were like. The West Eurasian, the European archaeological record and the archaeological record of the Middle East, is really, really well-studied and characterized by European and Western researchers. But the archaeological record of the eastern parts of Eurasia is more poorly studied or not studied at least within the same framework.","And it's a vast region of the world, which we know had humans in it when modern humans exploded out of Africa 40 or 50 thousand years ago. And so it's really exciting, and the data, the DNA tells you it's exciting, to try to figure out who those humans were. They were not exactly Neanderthals.","Hmm. In fact, isn't it true that when this bone was first discovered, people just thought it was a human bone?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This bone turned out to be a bone of a different species than humans","questions":"What was the species of the bone?","answer":"different"}
{"text":["Well, so what I got really interested in was that when the coat showed up, it showed up in a black plastic package from China Post. So I thought I was buying a coat from some brand that represented itself as kind of this modern gentleman. You know, I was expecting it to have its headquarters, you know, in New York or San Francisco or Los Angeles or something. And this thing is shipped direct from a technology park in China.","So I kind of started thinking like, well, what is this brand?And I started diving into this new class of online retailer that use a tool called Shopify, which allows anyone to kind of spin up a retail store in five minutes; sucks products in from a service called AliExpress, which is sort of like Amazon but in China, and it's dedicated to kind of the export market for Chinese and other Asian manufacturers; and allows - basically - consumers in the U. S.  to take a different route into this manufacturing ecosystem, which makes so many clothes, which makes so many consumer goods, in Asia.","When you ordered this coat, were you genuinely surprised to be able to trace this stuff back, or was that the whole idea?","Well, no. I was genuinely surprised. I was literally - I had been tagged in the Facebook advertising system, which Instagram also uses, as someone who likes to buy clothes. And what I came to find was that this is a pretty widespread phenomenon."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"Spin up a retail store\" is used figuratively to describe the process of quickly creating a new retail store, rather than a literal spinning motion.","questions":"What does the phrase \"spin up\" mean?","answer":"Process"}
{"text":[". . . Or the Weinstein sexual scandals or, you know, the shooting in Texas. I mean, it's just, like - it's a continual thing of these events that are just rocking people's lives. And I used to just be a viewer. And I used to just kind of go from one event to another. And now I'm stuck in one of those events because I could list all the things that we've done as a family and all the things - I mean, just like soccer practices. And I haven't missed a day of work. And booster meetings. And we've gone to our dentist appointments and our doctor's appointments. But I still feel like it's day one.","Investigators, as we speak, still haven't come up with anything resembling a motive that we know about.","What bothers me more than the motive or lack of motive is lack of information. Whenever we get a little tidbit of something, we just jump on it because we just have a desire to know. Like, the first week after it happened, I was obsessed with, like, my escape route. Like, I was just looking at Google images, pictures of the event. Like, where did I go?And then my next thing was, I want to know where the shooter went, where he came from. I wanted to see him walking into the hotel, walking out of the hotel. And they haven't released any of that.","Why do you want to see that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is not asking why the person wants to see the shooter walking into and out of the hotel, but instead is asking why the person is so interested in getting information about the event in general.","questions":"What is the speaker questioning in turn 3?","answer":"Interest"}
{"text":["Thank you. I - so each morning in my newsletter, I include the schedules for all of the 2020 presidential candidates. And so I'm kind of, you know, kind of scouring the Web to make sure that I can keep on top of all of them. And on Wednesday night, I stumbled upon a Facebook post from a county party in Iowa announcing that de Blasio would be coming there for the first stop on his presidential announcement tour. And that rings alarm bells since he hadn't announced yet. And so I tweeted out and was able to kind of pre-empt his announcement.","That is a huge scoop. And it's great sleuthing. I mean, it's amazing attention to detail. And you also put out your news on the same day you were taking a four-hour Advanced Placement exam, which is extraordinary. That must have been a lot of work.","It was. It was a big day, for sure.","You have been writing this newsletter since you were 9 years old. I mean, you've clearly been a journalism junkie for a long time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Scouring means to be reading the internet.  Stumbled upon simply means it was an accident to find the information.  Alarm bells did not ring but the person did get alerted to the information.","questions":"What did the person do after stumbling upon the Facebook post about de Blasio's presidential announcement tour?","answer":"Tweeted"}
{"text":["In a word, Ari - schadenfreude. I think at this moment, whether you look at politics or society in general, there is a lot of concern about fraud, about misrepresentation, people not being who they say they are, not to mention a lot of resentment of wealth and privilege and all the trappings that come with it. And the way this story has unfolded, the fact that these families really seem to believe that the rules should not apply to them - that's been galling to many people.","And then look at the setting, right?So elite colleges are the source of such cultural fascination. Some would say obsession. Highly selective colleges - you know, they only enroll about 1 percent of all college students. So they're very, very small. But then again, they have these brands that are known all over the world. And they're supposed to stand for merit, for hard work, for the best and the brightest.","And so when you look at something like this or, even bigger, the legacy admissions or the fact that some wealthy donors can write a check and get their kid into college that way supposedly, it - all of this is really going to undermine the idea of having institutions in our society that represent hard work and being kind of excellent.","So where do these cases go from here?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Implied meaning: These cases may lead to a general mistrust of institutions that are supposed to represent hard work and excellence","questions":"How may the college admission scandal affect society's view on institutions?","answer":"Institutions"}
{"text":["And so when two clumps of free protons and electrons hit each other, they will slow each other down. But dark matter has no charge. That's why we can't see it because the only reason you and I could see anything, it's because there's charges that are being accelerated. That's what light is. But if something has no charge, it doesn't give off light.","So yeah, so in the Bullet Cluster, dark matter and galaxies stayed together just as they should, and in Abell 520, they do not, and that is a mystery as to why exactly that is. There isn't a comfortable explanation that can be readily arrived at.","Is there a theory about what may be happening, or just - you have to just think about it some more?","Well, so there's a number of things that could be happening. All of them are slightly disturbing."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) The speaker is explaining why dark matter cannot be seen because it has no charge and therefore does not emit light.","questions":"How does dark matter emit light?","answer":"Doesn't"}
{"text":["Has this ever been done before, I mean, even with other types of energy like oil and gas for example?","That's not how we have historically done oil and gas use or exploration. Again, we're talking on public land. It's not been how we've done it. It is the way we've tried in recent years to think about the Endangered Species Act. Instead of looking at each little place when a question comes up and say is this an endangered habitat, is this a problem, look at large areas, ecosystems, chunks that make sense together.","Try to highlight what the problems are in that area so that subsequent development proposals are not - don't start from ground zero. Information's been gathered and looked at in a more systematic way. I mean, programmatic environmental impact assessments have been allowed ever since NEPA passed back in the 1970s.","It hasn't been used very often. I think that the Interior Department should get a lot of credit for using it this time."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Historically, oil and gas exploration has not been done on public lands in the same way as proposed here for Endangered Species Act. Instead of looking at each habitat, they will examine larger ecosystems systematically.","questions":"What will be examined systematically instead of each habitat?","answer":"Ecosystems"}
{"text":["It was really expensive. It was the most expensive substance on Earth at the time. We're talking about equivalent of 2. 2 million dollars for a single gram.","Wow. And in 1917, of course, with World War I cranking up, there was huge military demand for watches that you could see in the dark and dials that you could see in the - in the dark.","That's right. And as you said, this is when the book opens, so shortly before America joined the First World War. And once they did, of course, join that global conflict, there was this huge boom to the radium industry. Soldiers needed watches, and people needed it for the planes and the trucks and so on. And so the dial painters, who were the radium girls - they were employed to paint all these dials with luminous radium paint. And they were taught to lip point, so to put their brushes between their lips to make a fine point for the detailed handiwork.","To actually put the brush with the radium paint into their mouth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker expands on the earlier point by explicitly stating that the workers put the brushes with radium paint into their mouths to make a fine point. The implied meaning here is that the workers were not aware of the dangers of radium and were not provided with proper safety equipment, leading to their exposure to dangerous levels of radiation.","questions":"Which dangerous substance did the workers handle?","answer":"Radium"}
{"text":["And some - I'm trying to blend. I'm trying to be a weevil.","I got you. You know, you talked about singing to your children. Do you suggest singing to pregnant mothers, too?(unintelligible)","Absolutely. Absolutely. They can hear - babies can hear from about six months gestation. This is the way language development begins. This is the way we teach. This is the way we connect, nurture, and love our young. And although we have many devices, many toys that bleep and beep and sing and all of that, it's really important to have that human element. So speaking to, reading to, singing to your very young child is extremely important.","Nnenna Freelon, you are a fantastic talent. We appreciate you coming on News & Notes. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Speaking, reading, and singing to young children is important for their growth and development","questions":"What is the way to begin language development and connect, nurture, and love young children?","answer":"Speaking"}
{"text":["We are ecstatic about all the attention we're getting. I mean, we're actually accustomed of making I guess the decision of nominating the first, you know, woman candidate for president or African-American candidate for president, and - or even on the Republican side, nominating that person; who is going to get the nomination for the Republican side. That's all I bring here first. And so we're just really elated to have all that kind of attention and really basking in their joy, you know, right now.","Tell us about what political party you like and what's important to you?","I'm non-partisan. I'm an independent voter. I'm a conservative businessman, I mean, I own my own business. And my leanings are towards whatever politician's going to address a lot of my issues, which is, you know, health care, education, especially I have three teenagers and those type of issues. But again, I'm just so happy to be able to be choosing between a woman and an African-American and a white guy\u2026","\u2026for president."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : e turn in (3) implies that the speaker does not have a strong allegiance to any particular political party and is more concerned with the issues that affect them personally.","questions":"What issues does the speaker prioritize?","answer":"Healthcare,Education"}
{"text":["Thanks very much for inviting me along.","Could you tell us about these horses and their riders?","Absolutely. These four horses, they're all based on the foreshore of the River Thames, just next to Vauxhall Bridge in central London. And it depicts four large-scale horses, based on the London working horse or the Shire horse. And each one of them has a rider on top and also is a kind of hybrid structure. So it's half horse and half oil pump. And they're also in a very tidal zone, so depending on what time of day you visit them, sometimes they're almost concealed and sometimes they're, you know, completely revealed by the water.","How do you cast sculptures in what amounts to an underwater gallery, not just this installation in the Thames, obviously, but some that you've done all over the world?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The turn that has an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (4): \"How do you cast sculptures in what amounts to an underwater gallery, not just this installation in the Thames, obviously, but some that you've done all over the world?\"","questions":"How does PersonB describe the sculpture installation locations created by A?","answer":"Oil"}
{"text":["Human smugglers prey on the desperation of people who flee war and oppression. Human traffickers have made millions moving people across borders, without regard to safety. Thousands of people have died, locked in packed trucks or trapped in sinking ships. Remember the so-called ghost ships, crowded with Syrian refugees, set on a course to crash into the Italian coast.","Italian prosecutors are trying to track and arrest smugglers, arguing that organized criminal gangs who run these smuggling rings are mobsters and ought to be prosecuted like the Mafia. Using survivor testimony and wiretaps, six alleged traffickers are now on trial in connection with a shipwreck in which more than 300 asylum-seekers drowned. Gery Ferrara is part of an elite prosecution team in Italy, and he joins us from Palermo. Thanks very much for being with us.","Thank you for inviting me.","How do you trace these smuggling networks because I'm - I would guess they take some pains to disguise themselves?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Italian officials are attempting to punish traffickers harshly, similar to how they would treat members of organized crime syndicates.","questions":"Which officials are attempting to punish traffickers harshly, similar to how they would treat members of organized crime syndicates?","answer":"They-are-mobsters"}
{"text":["Donald Trump came to the mics and said, you know, he thought it was great that they were taking their country back again, obviously echoing his own campaign slogan of make America great again and saying that it might just be good for the Brits to have their currency dropped to a 30-year low in its value because it will make their products cheaper and will bring more tourists into the country. And then he talked a little bit about how some. . .","To his golf course, I believe he specifically said.","Some of those tourists might want to play golf in Scotland. And he happened to be talking about his own golf course there in Scotland and spoke about the virtues of that attraction.","The U. S.  Supreme Court, of course, had a decision this week which blocked the Obama administration's plans for immigration programs. Does that decision, and for that matter, do the results in the United Kingdom suggest something about the potency of immigration as a political issue?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : as it is the only turn with an implied meaning different from its literal meaning.","questions":"Which turn has an implied meaning that echoes a political campaign slogan?","answer":"Great"}
{"text":["I stopped the clocks because, A - my contract was running out, and, yes, I am eligible for retirement 'cause I'm 72 now. But the hand-wound ones, they're big cast iron weights. If the weights, when they run out, fell over, it would take three men to reconnect all the wires going through the pulleys and things, so it was on a safety grounds that I stopped them.","Why did you stop both hands at 12?","Well, I stopped them at 12 o'clock because every time I get a clock on my working license, and my father-in-law before me, people seem to think, oh, that clock is at 12 o'clock. And they look at their watch or something, and they'll say, oh, it's stopped. Whereas if I left it at any time, they don't seem to pick it up quick enough.","Well, Mr.  Mitchell, may I ask, are there a lot of other people doing a job like yours or is that number dwindling these days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"are there a lot of other people doing a job like yours or is that number dwindling these days?\" The literal meaning of \"doing a job like yours\" is performing a similar occupation. However, the actual meaning is whether there are still many people employed as clock repairers or if the profession is declining.","questions":"How can the profession of clock repair be described in terms of its growth or decline?","answer":"Declining"}
{"text":["Thank you. I know that you've been recently honored with the Outstanding Contribution to Television and Film Award at this year's BAFTA Awards in Scotland. Congratulations.","Well, thank you very much. It took me by surprise.","Really?They took you by surprise and took you all the way there?","Yeah. (Unintelligible) I'm in a very strange position because I'm almost 70 and I - people are giving me sort of good attendance prizes. . .","Well, that's what I call them. Good contribution prizes or something they call them, I don't know, you know, for your outstanding achievement over the years. I think it really means you're getting old, go away."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Receiving good attendance prizes means that you are getting old and should retire","questions":"What is the reason for receiving good attendance prizes according to the speaker in turn 4?","answer":"Retire"}
{"text":["It probably depends on what chapter you're reading at the time. It's probably all of those things!I don't know who decides what goes into what box or what bin or what shelf, you know. For me, it's just about finding a character, finding a story, following, I guess, my heart at what I'm working on at the moment. And it just kind of falls, you know, wherever it may out there after that, you know.","There's been a lot of attention to the whole idea of street lit. And Zane, who's an erotica writer, extremely popular, sells a ton of books. A lot of people are like, well, she just can't write, but there's a lot of sex in it. And there's also a question that some people have raised about whether or not it is good for the race to have books that are explicit about black sexuality out there. So. . .","What race?The human race?","The black race. The black race. And so I bring this up because so often when people, you know, just as you mentioned, the distinctions between the way some people will look at female sexuality and male sexuality and what it's like to have a track record and whether that makes you a bad person. You know, people also look at these distinctions by race and say, oh well, black people are oversexed. That's some people stereotyping. Are you ever afraid that by doing work like this that you're, you know, I don't know, playing into a stereotype?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Some people criticize Zane's writing for being too sexual and question whether it perpetuates negative stereotypes about black people.","questions":"How is Zane's writing criticized?","answer":"Sexuality"}
{"text":["Given the scale of what's happened in terms of tens of thousands killed, given the escalating partisan-sectarian nature of this conflict, do you hold out much hope that diplomacy can play a constructive role?","Well, diplomacy doesn't always work. And believe me, I could testify to that. I dealt with the North Koreans for four years. And even the Serb\/Kosovo issue didn't actually end with a diplomatic agreement, although we would not have gotten the Europeans on board for NATO action, had we not gone through the diplomatic process. But I would say the hope of getting a diplomatic agreement in Syria is certainly probably greater than getting a military victory of one side or the other.","Plus, even if you get a military victory, you still have the same problems of what this thing is going to look like after someone claims victory. So I think we do need to give this our best shot, get everyone who wants to see a solution in Syria together. And if the net result of this has been to somehow improve U. S. -Russian ties, which could use a couple of upticks, so be it.","I mean, that was certainly the upshot of the - of our North Korean negotiations. We didn't dissuade them from nuclear programs. But we sure as heck got the U. S.  and China on the same page. And, you know, sometimes things take a lot time in diplomacy. But I think we're seeing some of the benefits of that now several years later.","Ambassador Hill, thanks very much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : We need to give it our best attempt and relations with Russia could use some help to get better.","questions":"Which country does the turn in statement 2 mention?","answer":"Russia"}
{"text":["I think it is a serious threat. I don't see strong evidence that it has increased as of late. Iran has the ability to act via proxy organizations towards United States troops, diplomats, other assets that might be in the region. It also has the mechanisms to act against our partners and against our allies either directly or through the proxy organizations that it has a relationship with.","And paint me a little bit of a picture of what that map looks like when you describe Iran's proxy organizations in the Middle East.","So Iran's strongest relationship is with Lebanese Hezbollah. That allows them to have a measure of influence both to act in Lebanon, to act towards Israel from Lebanon but increasingly to act in other countries where Iran has essentially deployed Lebanese Hezbollah troops to, including Syria.","It has also been improving its relationship with Houthi rebels in Yemen, though its ability to direct or control the Houthis is still very limited. And it has long-established relationships with Iraqi militias.","Does Iran have control over its proxies?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Iran uses Lebanese Hezbollah troops to expand its influence in the region","questions":"Which organization does Iran have its strongest relationship with?","answer":"Hezbollah"}
{"text":["Oh, I'm glad to be here.","So what's wrong with the research that said he had a special brain?","A couple of things. One is what we call confirmation bias, and that's basically saying what we all know - that if you really want to find something, if you look for it long enough, you will. So, for example, in the papers that claim the external shape of Einstein's brain was different. They start out with a fairly vague notion of what his cognitive specialties were and then go poking around in his brain until they find something - anything that sort of conforms to their previous expectations.","Was part of the problem that they knew it was Einstein's brain, and therefore they were predisposed to see things?","Exactly right, exactly right. It's rather like seeing faces or shapes in clouds. Those shapes really aren't in the clouds. They're in your mind.","Forgive me - what amounts to a philosophical question - why have we been fascinated by Einstein's brain matter over the years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Those shapes really aren't in the clouds. They're in your mind.\" - The literal meaning is that the shapes seen in clouds are not physically present in them but are perceived by the viewer's mind. The actual meaning is that people may project their own interpretations onto ambiguous stimuli, such as cloud formations, and see patterns or images that are not objectively there.","questions":"What is the meaning of the statement \"Those shapes really aren't in the clouds. They're in your mind.\"?","answer":"Projection"}
{"text":["Oh, we anticipate that to be the case. We've demonstrated this with antibodies, monoclonal antibodies. I mentioned enzymes already. And so we anticipate quite a range of potential utility for therapeutics.","So you think this a game-changer for storing drugs?","Well, we are very optimistic, yes. I think it could certainly have a major impact.","I want to thank you very much for taking time to be with us today, and good luck to you. It's very fascinating."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The development could have a significant impact on drug storage.","questions":"Which development could have a significant impact?","answer":"Development"}
{"text":["Yeah. They're like, oh, my God. Make that face again. That's so funny. But it's not like that. And the reason I talked about it and shared when I did was because there started to be all these compilations of my tics that were made by the fans, which they just thought it was, like, goofy Billie is making a bunch of faces. And they're funny. Let's make a video about it, which is, of course, out of love. And they think that's funny. And they didn't - they don't know, you know?","O'CONNELL: Especially if they think you're doing them on purpose, then it's totally out of love.","They think I'm doing it on purpose. But I felt almost, like, attacked in a way, which was kind of stupid. But it's something like I've lived with my whole life and, like, not been open about because I didn't want it to label me, you know?","Sure, you don't want the whole - that to be the second sentence of every every paragraph about you."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Especially if they think you're doing them on purpose, then it's totally out of love.\" - The implied meaning here is that the fans' intentions are good, and they are not trying to harm Billie by making videos of her tics.","questions":"How are the fans making compilations of Billie's tics?","answer":"Compilations"}
{"text":["Well, there's no secret about this. The chief justice has been very clear. He doesn't want the court to be seen as a partisan institution. The other members of the court, both liberal and conservative, go around saying that this isn't a partisan institution at all. That's the message they want to convey, which is sort of hard at the moment.","But is that possible in this day and age, when we know by their - in their own account, conservative Republicans have tried to win elections so they can win Supreme Court appointments and you have several Democrats running for president now on the issue of enlarging the court?","You know, I wish I knew whether it's even possible anymore to have a Supreme Court that doesn't look partisan. I had always thought you really could. But if you look at the two cases before the court that are overtly partisan, the gerrymandering case and the census case, both would structurally allow Republicans to entrench their power even more than they have in the last decade or two. And I think it gets harder to sell the court as an apolitical institution, which is, as I said, what every member of the Supreme Court still tries to do.","You know, I interviewed Justice Stevens about a month and a half ago for a piece about his new book. And even he, a lifetime Republican, although deemed a Liberal on the court, appointed by President Ford, said it was hard for him to see the current court as apolitical. He said he still has hope, and so do I, but it's difficult."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's getting harder to make people believe that the Supreme Court is not political.","questions":"How is the Supreme Court viewed currently?","answer":"Partisan"}
{"text":["And what they're suggesting is that you can lose spin from the Earth-moon system and transfer it to the sun-Earth system. And it's a very complex calculation. I mean, it's not just trivial that it took 30, 40 years to figure this out. But once that is on the table, and you say hey, I can start with an Earth that's spinning with a period of two hours, now you have an Earth, that if you were to look at this - and you can download the simulations from Science magazine - and you can see that - or from Harvard - and you can see that this Earth looks kind of like a muffin.","It's spinning so fast, it's got kind of a two-to-one axis ratio. And so their solution is hey, I can make the moon out of Earth's mantle, I'll just sort of hit it with a tiny projectile - you know, not tiny but much smaller than we thought previously - so Theia becomes smaller.","And you hit it, and off of the equator of this rapidly spinning muffin comes this stuff, and it's mostly Earth's mantle.","Little muffin that becomes the moon."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The moon was once a part of the Earth.","questions":"What was the moon's origin?","answer":"Mantle"}
{"text":["The Trump administration - or at least the president - have indicated previously they don't share this conclusion. Saudi Embassy says the claims and the purported assessment are false. Now, let's note - President Trump has often criticized the U. S.  intelligence establishment, saying they're not right on Russia. Oh, yeah. They were the ones who said Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.","We have to ask, is there any indication in this CIA report, which has sources inside, that this is some kind of attempt by what the president's supporters call the deep state to bring him into line?","No, I don't think so. I mean, the CIA - you know, for all of the ways that the president somehow misunderstands how they operate - is looking at this situation objectively. And, yes, to some degree, they are factoring in subjective judgments about how people behave, like the crown prince. But this is not an attempt, I think, to, you know, bring the crown prince to heel or to somehow influence policy.","And we should note, too, the president, I mean, has been briefed on the CIA's findings. And what we understand is that he keeps resisting them because he doesn't have, I guess, the smoking gun. He keeps asking, well, where's the body?Or, show me the definitive proof that Mohammed bin Salman ordered this. And, you know, it doesn't always work that way."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies that the CIA is conducting an objective investigation and not trying to influence policy.","questions":"How is the CIPersonA conducting their investigation?","answer":"objectively"}
{"text":["Now let's turn to West Africa. For more than a decade, Liberia has been struggling to recover from civil war. It has a female head of state now, and it also has big supporters in the U. S.  One of them is Bob Johnson, who founded and later sold Black Entertainment Television. Now he's building a four-star beachfront resort near Liberia's capital, Monrovia. Bob Johnson recently told me why he decided to invest millions of dollars in Liberia's economy.","It's part of a commitment I made to President Johnson Sirleaf and the people of Liberia, to help Liberia recover from some 13, 14 years of civil war. And it came about as a result of my participation, as well as President Sirleaf's participation in President Clinton's global initiative that he hosts every year in New York. And the charter is, do something, small or large, but do something. And so my something is to help Liberia.","What are we talking about in terms of the kind of money it takes to make this happen?","We are putting in approximately 12 to 13 million dollars in the construction of this hotel and the opening of the hotel, which is scheduled for March of '09. It'll be an 86-room hotel, as I said, situated on the beach, great facility for everybody from government officials and expats who want to go back and visit Liberia, as well as business people who are looking to do business in post-conflict Liberia.","So, do you expect to get a tourist crowd eventually?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The hotel is aimed at government officials, expats, and business people who want to do business in post-conflict Liberia.","questions":"How is the hotel's target market defined?","answer":"Governmentofficials"}
{"text":["So, maybe they're taking a loss on the turkey, but the consumer comes in and buys cranberries, buys potatoes, buys a turkey baster, all of these other things.","Prices for avocados drop right before the Super Bowl, too, when a lot of guacamole gets made. But Valentine's Day bucks that price drop trend. Roses are popular for that holiday, and it turns out that roses are fussier than turkeys, which, after all, can be frozen. In economist-speak, roses are supply inelastic.","They all have to be harvested within a very short period of time. They have to be packed and sorted and shipped around the country.","But turkeys can be thrown into a freezer months ahead of time. So, if you're already thinking about what to get for a special someone next February 14th, here's an idea in economic verse. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) where the phrase \"here's an idea in economic verse\" implies that the following suggestion will be presented in a poetic or creative way, even though the literal meaning of the phrase refers to a specific type of writing.","questions":"Which phrase in the dialogue implies that the suggestion will be presented in a creative way?","answer":"economic"}
{"text":["And within hours, the guy was arrested. And we could see him being taken into a police station.","With such fear in Beijing, how were you able to report the story?","You know, we couldn't hire translators. That was dangerous. Nobody answered their phones, so we just monitored Chinese television. You know, you could listen to shortwave broadcasts. You could go out on the streets. You know, I reread the transcripts of my first day reporting. And we were out with a taxi. The taxi driver, he tapped my arm under the steering wheel because he wanted me to see all the troops in the street, but he kept his eyes straight ahead.","Then we decided that we would hire a rickshaw - one of those buggies that's propelled by a man on a bike. So I put a microphone down my sleeve and a tape recorder in my bag, and we headed off. And I'm narrating what I'm looking at. And this is what it sounded like 30 years ago."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Reporting in China was dangerous and required creative measures to obtain information.","questions":"Which country did the reporter report from?","answer":"China"}
{"text":["And what that piece was about, the previous show was about immigration. It was called, Immigration Stories. And the idea that we are all exiting our countries now by any means necessary, by boat, by train, by plane. And the Golden Ticket was the name of that piece, and I found an old Mexican airplane at a Mexican flea market, and I had it redone in gold leaf paint. And it's literally covered in black and brown babies.","In the sense of, I used babies because of the innocence that we think we're going to this golden place where life will be better. And when it's mounted, they're hanging out of the doors, it's just littered. And the runway is the old middle passage of all the slaves on the slave ships.","Before we let you go, of course, I have to ask what you're working on now?What are you doing in the world of acting?","Well, I've kind of got two wonderful things going for me at the same time. You know, my husband and I own the first Museum of Contemporary Art in Descartes. And this was the year he was finally recognized by the European Union. So, we've actually had an acknowledgement that a private museum exists and lives, and it's the most beautiful place in Descartes, so I'm really proud of that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"And it's literally covered in black and brown babies.\" - Here, the word \"literally\" is used for emphasis, but the statement is not to be taken literally. The airplane is not actually covered in babies, but rather has depictions of them on its exterior.","questions":"Which word is used for emphasis in turn 0?","answer":"Literally"}
{"text":["You know, so there is going to be several things in which we can benefit as a society.","I have about a minute left, and I'll get an idea of that cost. Let's say you have a $100,000 home. What - how much would it cost you to sink into it to do those things structurally that you're asking to do?","I think I would put in there about $5,000, which would give you hurricane ties, more anchor bolts, larger washers and metal ties between the wall plates and the studs. I would use more nails, six-inch (unintelligible), six inches on spacings, ring shank nails, and I think you have a fighting chance after that. Then you look at putting in a storm shelter, and you protect life safety, as well.","It doesn't sound like a whole lot to do. Thank you, thank you, Dr.  Prevatt, very much for your time today.","I really appreciate it, and you have a great day."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Sink into it\" is figurative. It means spend money on stuff for the house.","questions":"How much does PersonB ask PersonA to spend on structural improvements for a $100,000 home?","answer":"$5,000"}
{"text":["So as these bills sort of started to, once again, be introduced in state legislatures this year, the first thing on my agenda was to speak to Janet Porter and basically talk to her about why she felt this bill was important and why she was advocating for it.","And what did she say?","She said that she felt the bill was important because, as its intended effect, it would outlaw the vast majority of abortions. And more importantly, it would give the U. S.  Supreme Court an opportunity to reinterpret Roe v.  Wade.","I think many people are familiar with Roe v.  Wade, but just in the event that they are not, Roe v.  Wade provides women with the constitutional right to an abortion up to the point of what's called viability. And that's when a fetus can survive outside the womb. It's generally understood to be about 24 weeks. A full-term pregnancy is 40 weeks.","So these bills and the ability to get an abortion at about six weeks. That's before most women know they're pregnant. And the strategy from Porter is to get it before the Supreme Court, and give the Supreme Court an opportunity to reinterpret the standard by which Roe v.  Wade was decided.","So can you just tell me a little bit more about her?Like, what motivates her?Where do her ideas come from?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : This implies that there is a contradiction between the state bill against abortion and  Roe v. Wade.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue suggests the potential impact of the state bill on the Supreme Court's interpretation of Roe v. Wade?","answer":"Turn4"}
{"text":["Which tells us?","Well, it's 6:30 on a Sunday night. Most of the House members are usually watching \"Sunday Night Football. \"I would not be able to tell you when I last saw the House come into session on a Sunday night. Under any circumstances, they don't meet on Sunday. It's happened, but I can't tell you when it happened last. So this is an extraordinary, unusual circumstance. So that would tend to suggest that somewhere during the day, Speaker Boehner, John Boehner, the leader of the Republicans in the House, where they are the majority, got it in his head that there was going to be something to talk about on Sunday night, whereas there wasn't as of this morning. So perhaps there's something going on. Perhaps the president does have something to talk about with the Senate Republicans. Perhaps it would be something the Senate Republicans could accept and therefore agree not to filibuster. This is crucial.","Right.","If they filibuster, we lose three days, so they have to agree. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : filibuster refers to delaying and procrastinating by pretext","questions":"What does the House usually not do on Sundays?","answer":"Meet"}
{"text":["But this radicalization on the Internet is something that the FBI has been talking about for years, and it hasn't been licked. And clearly, this is an example of that since we know that the older brother, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, spent a lot of time on the Internet, on jihadi websites.","And again, if he says anything to the investigators before he's Mirandized, that is nothing they can use in a case against him. However, given the mountain of evidence - including this video that's been described to you - they may not need it.","Well, it's funny because depending on which lawyer you talk to, they will disagree with your first supposition; which is, that it's not admissible if you evoke the public safety exception. In fact, part of the reason for the public safety exception, instead of just talking to somebody without Mirandizing them, is that some of that information may well be admissible. But in this case, this is a bit of a slam dunk. They have video on this young man, and he's going to have a hard time saying that he wasn't involved.","NPR counterterrorism correspondent Dina Temple-Raston, with us here in Studio 42 - our very first guest in Studio 42. Thanks very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Given the large amount of evidence they may not need to mirandize him.","questions":"Which thing may not be necessary to do based on the large amount of evidence?","answer":"Mirandize"}
{"text":["He says today's number one threat to American national security is nuclear proliferation and terrorism. His new book, \"Will Terrorists Go Nuclear?\"examines both the risks and psychology of nuclear terrorism, and says terrorists don't need to have such weapons to perpetrate nuclear terror.","Nuclear terrorism is about the very frightening possibility that terrorists could acquire and employ nuclear weapons. Nuclear terror is about the anticipation of that event. Nuclear terrorism is about terrorists' capabilities, intelligence, evidence, our assessment of the threat. Nuclear terror is about our imagination.","The history of nuclear terrorism can be briefly summarized. Fortunately there hasn't been any. Many would hasten to add yet. But nuclear terror has a rich history, and it's deeply embedded in our popular culture and our policy making circles.","One of the other things you mentioned in the book, among many, is that al-Qaeda might become the world's first terrorist nuclear power without possessing a single nuclear weapon. And I suppose the answer to that is in part what you just were describing."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Nuclear terrorism is not just about the possibility of terrorists acquiring and using nuclear weapons, but also about the fear and imagination surrounding the threat.","questions":"What is nuclear terrorism about besides terrorists acquiring and using nuclear weapons?","answer":"Imagination"}
{"text":["It's hard. It is really hard when every time you look up, three kids killed here, four people shot here, somebody getting killed right down the street, right around the corner. It's kind of discouraging sometimes trying to do as much as you can with the resources that you do have.","Boy, I mean, I think a lot of people listening, well, will be very moved, but, I mean, some of them have to be saying, wait a minute. The president of the United States is from the South Side. Don't people look up to him?","I definitely look up to Obama. Obama's a great guy. I never forget - March 31 I wrote the president. You know, I'm from your city, and we're dying down here every day. What are you doing up there to stop what's happening to us down here?And he wrote me back, a little girl in a little basement apartment in Englewood. He wrote me back.","I was able to use that letter to inspire the people that live in this neighborhood like me. Don't ever stop trying. And it just goes back to the movement. No matter how hard things get, no matter every day and I'll wake up and I look at the news and more people have been killed, more people have been shot, that just shows me that I still have work to do."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that some people may question whether the President of the United States, who is from the South Side, is a role model for people in that area. However, the implied meaning is that the President should be doing more to address the issues and problems faced by the people in the South Side. The speaker is suggesting that the President has a responsibility to use his position to help the community and that some people may feel disappointed by his lack of action.","questions":"What responsibility is the speaker suggesting the President has towards the South Side community?","answer":"Responsibility"}
{"text":["Black tea, cotton jumpsuits and snowblowers made in China are all getting more expensive today. Those are some of the thousands of items now being targeted by the Trump administration with a new 15% tariff. It's the latest salvo in the president's trade war with Beijing. China had threatened to retaliate but may hold off as the two countries prepare for what could be another round of trade negotiations.","NPR's Scott Horsley is here to explain this.","Good morning.","Good morning. The tariffs taking effect today cover more than $100 billion worth of Chinese imports, but other products were spared - at least for now. Explain what the administration is up to here."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the latest salvo\" implies the latest executive directive by the Trump administration.","questions":"What does \"the latest salvo\" refer to?","answer":"directive"}
{"text":["Now, what made him unique genetically?Why is he the last of his kind?","Well, tortoises in general in the Galapagos Islands were exploited primarily by the whalers, before that by buccaneers, but whaling logbooks show that there were probably 100,000 to 200,000 tortoises removed from Galapagos in the 1800s. And each island that suffered that exploitation resulted in some with very, very few tortoises, such as Espanola that only had 14 tortoises left, and then Pinta that ended up with only George left on that island.","So it was primarily through exploitation from previous centuries, and then some hunting, perhaps, in the 20th century, but George was all alone up there.","Let me ask you, you said something very interesting before. You said that George had a unique personality. Do tortoises really have personalities?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker uses the word \"hunting\" to refer to the killing of tortoises, but this word carries a connotation of hunting for sport or pleasure, rather than the more utilitarian and exploitative meaning of the word as used in the context of the Galapagos tortoise population. Additionally, the speaker uses the phrase \"all alone up there\" to describe George's isolation on his island, when in fact the actual location of the island is not specified and the use of the phrase \"up there\" is a colloquial expression that does not convey any specific location or orientation.","questions":"How does the speaker describe George's isolation on his island?","answer":"Isolation"}
{"text":["Yes, yes, and I was inundated with students and visitors and all of that because there's a fascination to this, and they all - well, they're all happy to be - to see something like this and realize that when I started and where I started is where they are and that they can do something. And that ought to be the goal: school, learn and then use your own abilities to go further.","Do they realize that?Do they understand that?","I know some did. Now others I think are still thinking I'm going to quickly grab a degree and get a fantastic job and get rich, but I don't think they're thinking beyond getting rich. Now I don't know if that's a good life.","Well, congratulations to you, Nick."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Not all students understand the goal mentioned before.","questions":"What is the level of awareness among some students regarding the goal mentioned by A?","answer":"awareness"}
{"text":["So, Emery, let's find out a little bit more about where you started and your family. You grew up in Hilton Head. And a lot of folks know it now as a resort town, but I'm sure it's changed a lot. What do you remember from your childhood?","Oh, I remember Hilton Head when they were only about 1,500 people, at most, living here. I grew up here in the '40s and the '50s and I tell folks that I thought everybody in the world was Gullah except Dick and Jane.","So what does Gullah mean to you?What does it mean in terms of how you speak, how you dress, how you tell stories?Tell us what it means on the inside to be a part of Gullah culture.","Well, to be a part of Gullah culture meant that you pretty much knew who you were - we still do know who we are. And by that, I mean, everything that we saw when we grew up, Gullah people produce it - we produce our own food, we produce our own stories because we told them to one another, and made our boats, gather our own food, had our own spiritual life because we have little praise houses in every neighborhood. And the leaders of those praise houses were Gullah family members. And family was very important because families live close together. To us, Gullah was a world to itself."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In this turn, the speaker is comparing the size of Hilton Head when it was a small town in the 40s and 50s to its current size now as a resort town. ","questions":"How many people were living in Hilton Head when the speaker grew up there?","answer":"1500"}
{"text":["President Trump's declaration of a national emergency along the southern border has been criticized by congressional Democrats, but some Republicans, conservative activists and thinkers are also voicing concerns. James Wallner is with the R Street Institute, a pro-free market conservative research group and joins us in our studios. Thanks so much for being with us.","It's a pleasure.","Do you have reservations or objections?","I think what we've seen over the past couple of days is really the epitome of dysfunction in our government at present. So I say, yes, I have a lot of objections to what we're seeing.","Constitutional?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A thinks that the government is not functioning properly.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the government's functioning?","answer":"dysfunction"}
{"text":["Hi.","So tell us about these families. Who are they?","So we're talking about four adults. We have three Sri Lankans. Supun, Nadeeka are a couple. Ajith is a single male. And we also have a Filipina. Her name is Vanessa. And they have three children whose names I won't say out loud.","OK.  And how did they come to help Edward Snowden?","At the time that Mr.  Snowden was in Hong Kong, they were already asylum seekers established in Hong Kong. And he ended up staying with different people during, I believe, a two-week period before he left the territory."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implies that the speaker wants to know about the role that the families played in helping Edward Snowden, not just how he ended up staying with them","questions":"How did the Sri Lankan and Filipina families assist Edward Snowden beyond providing him shelter?","answer":"Shelter"}
{"text":["You mean somebody rational?","Yeah, someone he could work with.","Yeah.","That would be very good."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is suggesting that there may be a hidden agenda or underlying motive behind their words.","questions":"Which turn suggests that the speaker may be implying a hidden agenda or underlying motive?","answer":"Implies"}
{"text":["There's tanks - a row of tanks that stretches from one end of the square to the other. It's clear that that square will have a symbolic meaning to this army for some time to come. We're now moving in front of another long line of soldiers. And as we pass, they lock their eyes on this rickshaw. And they follow us as we move by. We're still moving down the boulevard that's in front of Tiananmen Square. And it's quite remarkable how clean the square is now.","You know, the most memorable thing from that ride was a small, English sign that was hanging from a bridge. And it said, all these things must be answered for. And it was that small flicker of protest that was still there.","And for 30 years since then, the Chinese government has worked hard to erase the memory of what happened in Tiananmen Square that day. How successful has the campaign been?","Pretty successful. Ari, I have met Chinese students who came to the States to study journalism. And for the first time, they read about Tiananmen Square. And I see what happens in their heads. How could I not know about this?They've come to study journalism, and so many of them - I see that mental landscape shift. And they know that they can't be the kind of journalists that they are studying in America. They can't go back to China to do that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Chinese journalism students are restricted in reporting on Tiananmen Square","questions":"What kind of students are unable to report on Tiananmen Square?","answer":"b"}
{"text":["They're using bank loans at a 15-year low. That is a response to tightening lender standards and so small business owners are increasingly turning to credit cards to finance their businesses which are obviously have much more high and volatile interest rates. It's one of the reason we've been advocating for credit card reform. Because of the acesss and restrictions to credit card capital, they're not expanding their businesses, hiring new employees, cutting back on business travel. You know, it runs the whole gamut.","So if these aren't expanding and they are having trouble getting loans to expand, what does that mean for their employees?","I'm not sure that it's come to the point yet that many are cutting back on employees, although some percentage is. But you know, I think a lot of small businesses are not hiring new employees at the moment, just sort of bunkering down and hoping to weather through this economic storm.","So, if I'm a small business and I need a loan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Runs the whole gamut means that it covers all the options.","questions":"Which phrase describes the impact of high interest rates on small businesses?","answer":"High"}
{"text":[". . . Does her story intersect with KBR Halliburton's?","I mean, you know, there was a group of human rights lawyers here in the United States who heard about this case, who read my work more than a decade ago. And three very idealistic young human rights lawyers, one of them had been a Peace Corps volunteer in Nepal. And, you know, they took up this case. This was really the dawn of the era of modern-day slavery and international human trafficking. And the U. S.  government had fueled it with our own tax dollars.","What were these human rights lawyers trying to prove against KBR?","Well, they were trying to prove their culpability. First, they just needed to prove that these men were in KBR supply chain in order to get U. S.  government compensation for them, which took two years. And the key witness, you know, they needed the families. They represented the families, then, in a human trafficking civil action that they brought, hoping to end this practice in the U. S.  military and also hoping to get some justice for the - for Kamala and the other victims."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The lawyers took up the case against KBR to end human trafficking and get justice for the victims, not only for U.S. government compensation.","questions":"Which action did the human rights lawyers hope to end by bringing the civil action against KBR?","answer":"b"}
{"text":["You know, when my father died, I promised him I would try to write this book for him really. And then I quickly realized that I was writing it for the little girl who was angry, you know - I call her the girl in the red cardigan. I have a picture of her, and she's biting her tongue (laughter) all the time, you know - and also to try to trace the ways in which that experience had a long tail, if you like.","I have a section of the book called Aftermath. And my father became an addicted roulette player after he left the Brethren, and that put an enormous strain on the family. My parents divorced. My father ended up in prison when I was 16. He was very, very chaotic. I understand that now, you know. He was impossible, infuriating and wonderful. In the year that I was studying \"Macbeth\" for my O-levels, he decided I had to see every single production of \"Macbeth\" that year. So we saw 13 productions.","Oh, wow.","And in most car journeys, he'd be playing me music and reciting poetry. So it was really extraordinary being a daughter of such a man.","Rebecca, I mentioned earlier how I grew up in a very religious family. I don't go to church that much anymore. Actually, I don't go at all. So I'm wondering, for you, where is your faith now?Do you still have it?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the little girl who was angry\" is a metaphorical expression that refers to the author's inner child or past self who was frustrated and upset due to her father's death.","questions":"How does the author refer to her past self in the book?","answer":"girl"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me.","You all have investigated conditions at these facilities and concluded that Customs and Border Protection should stop detaining migrants there altogether - right?- in the Rio Grande Valley Sector. Can you just describe what you've seen?","Well, we conducted over 120 interviews with migrants, and we've heard pretty horrendous stories, from being denied access to water to being held outdoors in a pen for three days without access to showers or medicine for children. The conditions are pretty horrific.","You mentioned you've interviewed families seeking asylum there. Can you give an example of a story that stuck with you - someone talking about what it was like to try and get health care treatment that they need?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Migrants are suffering from inhumane conditions in detention centers.","questions":"Which word describes the conditions in detention centers?","answer":"Inhumane"}
{"text":["We'd like to talk about the economy now. With a campaign for the upcoming presidential election already underway, you can expect the state of the economy to get a lot of attention. And one of the tools economists use to predict whether a recession is coming is the yield curve, so we want to tell you what that is and why it matters.","We've called Campbell Harvey for that. He's a professor of finance at the Fuqua School of Business at Duke University, and he was the first to demonstrate that the yield curve can predict a recession. Professor Harvey also says he only considers the indicator definitive if the inverted yield curve lasts for an entire quarter. And, well, the quarter ends today, so here to give us his thoughts about what's to come is professor Campbell Harvey.","Welcome. Thank you so much for joining us.","Great to be on the show.","All right. So let's get the headline, and then we'll work backwards. Are we going into a recession?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"yield curve\" - This turn has a figurative meaning, as it refers to the relationship between short-term and long-term interest rates rather than an actual curve.","questions":"What does the term \"yield curve\" refer to?","answer":"Interest"}
{"text":["Yeah. So Texas Governor Greg Abbott, in a press conference, announced the number of casualties in today's shooting here in El Paso. That number is 20 total casualties with 26 others injured. Authorities say the victims range in all age groups. The governor called this one of the deadliest days in Texas.","And what more do we know about the person who was taken into custody?","You know, from the authorities, we don't know much more beyond this was a white 20-year-old - 21-year-old male who was apprehended without incident by the El Paso police at an intersection just behind the Walmart. The state police is taking the lead on this investigation. But at today's press conference, the El Paso police chief say that they believe that this incident may be connected to a hate crime.","And why did they say that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to be connected to something in this context means something happened because of something else","questions":"What does the word \"connected\" mean in relation to the incident mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Caused"}
{"text":["And has the difficulties of the rebel forces, the defeat in Qusair, the prospect of a bigger defeat in Aleppo, has that concentrated minds on, well, we ought to get unified, otherwise we're going to be in serious trouble.","You would think, but it appears not yet. This is a very chaotic movement. The Free Syrian Army is a brand. It is not an army. And I have been reading accounts of the supreme military commander General Salim Idris, who is the Americans' favorite choice - the choice for funneling arms to the rebels. He was elected by commanders in December. His power on the ground is very limited.","It's certainly in Northern Syria. It is the radical Islamist brigades that have the most weapons, the most power, the most training. He is trying to build a force there hoping that the weapons that come to him from the Americans will give him some power that he - I read today that he had a meeting with commanders who were yelling at him. When you get these weapons, put them on TV so that we all know that they've arrived and then we'll have a transparent system. And he said, wait. In the military, you have to have secrets.","I'm not putting the weapons on TV. So you seen that he - I mean, I don't mean to laugh, but I. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Not arms that are funneled but weapons that are provided to them.","questions":"How were the rebels receiving weapons?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["So there were a couple of feuds on the blog this week. Break them down for us.","Well, I'll start with the more-amusing one: Aretha Franklin versus Beyonce and Beyonce's dad. So flash back to last week's Grammys. Beyonce introduced her duet partner, Tina Turner, as the queen. Aretha Franklin, the reigning Queen of Soul, was none too pleased and released a statement saying it was a cheap shot for controversy. Beyonce's dad\/manager responded, saying Franklin's statement was ridiculous.","Now, most people on our blog seem to agree. C.  Cody(ph) wrote: Re-re(ph) should have exercised her right to remain queen by remaining silent; and Willis Page(ph) had his own beef with Ms.  Franklin. He wrote: I've had tickets to see Aretha Franklin three times, and three times she has cancelled in different cities. How about being mad at the title of Queen of No-shows?","And then the other big feud this week was between Tavis Smiley and Michelle Obama. Journalist Tavis Smiley invited Barack Obama to speak at his annual State of the Black Union. Obama declined, saying he had to campaign, but he offered to send his wife, Michelle, in his place. Tavis Smiley essentially said no thanks."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Tavis Smiley declined Michelle Obama's offer to speak at his event in place of Barack Obama.","questions":"How did Tavis Smiley respond to Michelle Obama's offer?","answer":"Declined"}
{"text":["Well, that's the thing. Three areas we've looked at - covering about 55 square miles of the jungle - target one, target two and target three. And the first one was target one, and we found these all these archeological features. They covered hundreds of acres, maybe even thousands of acres, and this is gigantic. And then they moved on to target two, and they marked that, and then they moved on to target three. And target three showed even more striking features.","And we've - an archaeologist has been looking at them and a guy named Chris Fisher, who is an archaeologist at the Colorado State University, who's an expert on LIDAR, and he tells us that there is a city in T3 that is comparable in area to the city of Copan. It's absolutely enormous. The track is two square - five square kilometers.","And if these valleys are so remote, how did these civilizations develop in this unforgiving area?","Well, that's the thing. We're only now starting to realize that this so-called virgin or impenetrable jungle in prehistoric times was anything but. It was very heavily settled. There were many thousands of people living in these areas, and it wasn't virgin jungle. It was more like a tended garden. They cleared huge areas for farming. They terraced. They built irrigation canals. They built roads. They built enormous pyramids and structures."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The jungle wasn't as untouched as originally believed and was heavily populated in prehistoric times.","questions":"Which area showed more striking features?","answer":"Three"}
{"text":["Well, it's interesting. What you find in the data is that Trump did very well among self-described evangelicals. But he did far better among self-described evangelicals who don't regularly attend church. Cruz destroyed him amongst evangelicals who go to church regularly.","And what's also important about that is there's a lot of evidence that white Americans who don't regularly attend church do worse economically and are much more pessimistic about the state of the country. And that's also what Trump tapped into, this sense of deep pessimism about the state of the country. And that pessimism is greater among Americans who don't regularly attend religious services.","And you just - according to your article, you don't see this in just one side of the political divide, do you?","No. What's interesting is that the same divide you see between Ted Cruz and Donald Trump voters, you also saw between Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton voters. So if you look at white Democrats, white Democrats who went to church were much more - religious institutions at all - much more likely to be Hillary Clinton supporters. Bernie Sanders much more likely to win the votes of those who did not regularly attend religious institutions."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Trump's success was driven by tapping into the deep pessimism felt by white Americans who don't regularly attend church, and this sense of pessimism is even stronger among them than it is among those who attend religious services regularly.","questions":"Which group of Americans did Trump tap into to gain success?","answer":"White"}
{"text":["Right.","Just a little.","You could put honey. . .","Yeah. Agave just. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"You could put honey...\" This turn could be interpreted as a suggestion to sweeten something with honey, but it could also be interpreted as a suggestion to improve or make something more appealing.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue could be interpreted as a suggestion to improve or make something more appealing?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["Yeah, absolutely. They'll see Dragon doing a loop around the space station. It's a pretty wide loop, so Dragon will still look pretty small from the space station when it's doing that wide loop around the space station. But I mean, just to visualize things, it's like literally imagine you doing a loop around a bullet that's going 12 times faster than something that came out of an assault rifle.","Yeah.","So it's a dodgy affair.","I know. You know, when - and they first tried this in the '60s."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The loop around the space station is a dangerous maneuver","questions":"What kind of affair is performing a loop around the space station according to A?","answer":"Dodgy."}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, there was a lot of people pulling up, dropping off food, blankets, and that's fine. Well, below zero, the food was getting cold as soon as someone set it out there.","Yeah. Well, sounds like you've changed their lives and they've changed yours.","Absolutely. They've definitely changed mine because you don't know until you're either in it or next to it. In these past days (ph) I've been next to it. It's freezing outside. You know, some of them are disabled. We've got children here. We got pregnant women here. No. Let them stay where they're at. We'll bring it to them.","You're very impressive, Candice Payne. I'm so glad we could speak with you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to pull up somewhere means to drive to a particular place","questions":"How was the food getting cold during the incident mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Are they willing to let people die over that principle?","Oh, no. No, you don't - but to who - and that's such an interesting - I love that you got right to the college dorm part of the argument, you know - are you going to let people die?No one's going to let people die. You know, there's talk about - oh, my gosh, the Trump budget cuts Meals on Wheels. Meals on Wheels gets 3 percent of its funding, approximately, from government sources. Ninety-seven percent is people want to take care of their neighbors.","I. . .","People are not going to let their neighbors die."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"People are not going to let their neighbors die.\" - Here, A is making a general statement that people are unlikely to allow their neighbors to die, regardless of the specific context of the conversation. The literal meaning of A's words does not match their actual meaning, which is more like \"I don't believe that people will let others die, and I want to emphasize that point.\"","questions":"Which statement emphasizes PersonA's belief that people will not let their neighbors die?","answer":"emphasizes"}
{"text":[". . . a guinea fowl on the treadmill.","So that's - this is like - I'm already. . .","Another day at the office.","Exactly. It's like I can tell that I'm in a special place right from the beginning, and that's just the tip of the iceberg. They have an emu and they happened to have a day-old goat. A baby goat was born the day before. It's totally bucolic."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the speaker is expressing admiration for a place they are visiting, specifically highlighting the presence of an emu and a day-old goat. The literal meaning of the turn is that the speaker finds the place charming and enjoys the presence of the animals. However, the implied meaning of the turn is that the speaker may be easily impressed or may have a naive or idealized view of rural life. The use of the word \"bucolic\" suggests a romanticized view of the countryside, and the excitement over the presence of relatively common animals suggests a lack of familiarity with rural environments. The turn implies that the speaker may not have a deep understanding of the realities of agricultural life and may be easily swayed by superficial or picturesque elements.","questions":"Which word in turn 3 suggests that the speaker has a romanticized view of the countryside?","answer":"Bucolic"}
{"text":["Yes, we have. We haven't canvassed all video game producers. There are a couple of companies that we've worked with in particular. We approach them, and in some cases they have approached us asking for advice. And in one case, we said, hey, would you like to incorporate this in your game?They thought it was a wonderful idea, so we sat down with them and explained some of the basic concerns and maybe some ways that they might want to approach it.","If video games reflect the fact that the rules of war are often flouted, doesn't just reflect what happens in life?","It may reflect what happens in life. At the same time, because they are flouted, we can't throw up our hands and say it's useless. You know, anything is allowable under war. We have to keep insisting on that and we have to keep pushing the notion that there are laws, even in war, and that they must be respected.","And, Mr.  Barrett, I'm sure there's some people listening who might find this very interesting but say but, you know, why doesn't the ICRC do more about Syria?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the ICRC should do more about Syria, but the implied meaning is that some people might find this conversation interesting, but they may ask why the ICRC is not doing more to help with the situation in Syria.","questions":"Which conversation topic is implied when PersonB asks, \"why doesn't the ICRC do more about Syria?\"?","answer":"ICRC"}
{"text":["So off I went to Moscow with a couple of colleagues to talk about how intelligence services should work in democracies. And I found myself sitting in the Lubyanka, their headquarters, which over the years had been sort of prison death cell torture chamber, facing a long line of KGB officers and talking to them about democratic oversight and such things. It was certainly one of the strangest events of my working life I think.","(Laughter) Forgive me, but this is a week to ask - do you think they took good notes?Were they paying attention to this democracy?","(Laughter) No, I don't think they were actually. They looked at us with rather hard, cynical eyes. And I wrote somewhere that it seemed to be like two wild animals surveying their prey but not being able to get at them. But I don't think they were particularly interested in all this oversight and democracy stuff, no.","And may I ask you, just based on your experience and the way you survey events, what does Russia want these days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) implies that the speaker doubts whether the KGB officers were actually interested in the discussion of democratic oversight and were just pretending to pay attention. ","questions":"Which topic did the KGPersonB officers not seem particularly interested in during the discussion?","answer":"Oversight"}
{"text":["I think that - I would like to see in a penal system where they had - a separate penal system for those people who have been convicted of drug crimes, non-violent drug crimes, where they address the addictive nature of whatever they're on and have them on probation and ease them out of the penal system with very severe probation conditions so you can address the addiction and the behavior and environment that invite continuing use, even though an addict is trying to change.","Well, Judge, always good to talk to you. Thank you.","Always. Thank you.","Judge Lynn Toler is the star of \"Divorce Court. \"She's also the author of \"My Mother's Rules: A Practical Guide to Becoming an Emotional Genius\" and she joined us from radio station KJZZ in Tempe, Arizona."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Proposes a different approach to dealing with non-violent drug crimes.","questions":"What kind of crimes does the proposed penal system aim to address?","answer":"Non-violent"}
{"text":["And now it's letter time. Our editor Sasa Woodruff is here with me. Hey, Sasa.","Hey Farai, how's it going?","I am great. So, what are listeners filling our inbox with this week?","We got a few letters about the interview you did with Rick Warren this week. Celine Welch(ph) in Fort Worth, Texas, wrote into say she was a fan of the show, but not of the interview you did with the influential pastor."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Sasa Woodruff is not physically present with B","questions":"What is the name of the editor who is mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Sasa"}
{"text":["Julie, you've been covering this area for a long time. What strikes you about this moment?I mean, is this as significant as it looks?","It's hard to tell. As I said, the AMA's been kind of everywhere on abortion issues. It looks like they're maybe coming out - finding this to be such a threat to the doctor-patient relationship that they're willing to take a leading role. It remains to be seen exactly where they will go from here.","That's Julie Rovner, chief Washington correspondent for Kaiser Health News.","Thanks for coming in."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The AMA has been inconsistent on abortion issues and it's uncertain where they stand now.","questions":"How has the AMPersonA been on abortion issues?","answer":"Inconsistent"}
{"text":["Black tea, cotton jumpsuits and snowblowers made in China are all getting more expensive today. Those are some of the thousands of items now being targeted by the Trump administration with a new 15% tariff. It's the latest salvo in the president's trade war with Beijing. China had threatened to retaliate but may hold off as the two countries prepare for what could be another round of trade negotiations.","NPR's Scott Horsley is here to explain this.","Good morning.","Good morning. The tariffs taking effect today cover more than $100 billion worth of Chinese imports, but other products were spared - at least for now. Explain what the administration is up to here."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the latest salvo\" implies the latest executive directive by the Trump administration.","questions":"Which word describes the latest executive directive by the Trump administration?","answer":"executive"}
{"text":["Absolutely. They may, you know, be with someone, or as they play cards with other decks of playing cards, people talk, you know?We all - we all kind of fill that space. And so hopefully maybe some information that they've heard could prove valuable in cases as we work towards resolution.","How many cold cases do you have there on the books in Colorado?",">>SIMKINS Here in Colorado we have nearly 1,600 cases total. And when we identify a cold case, we are calling any unresolved homicide that is more than three years from the commission of crime a cold case. We're also including any long-term missing person cases and any unidentified remains.","There are only 52 cards in a deck of cards. So how do you decide which case makes the deck?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is (4): \"There are only 52 cards in a deck of cards. So how do you decide which case makes the deck?\"  The speaker is using a metaphor to compare the limited number of cards in a deck to the limited number of cases that can be included in the deck of playing cards used by law enforcement to raise awareness about cold cases. The implied meaning is that there are many cold cases to choose from, but only a limited number can be featured in the deck","questions":"Which turn uses a metaphor to compare a limited number of cards to a limited number of cases?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["Well, the call has gone out to our NPR listeners, who are either going to be repulsed or intrigued by what you're talking about here, Terry Lee.","Yeah.","That's toe master Terry Lee speaking with us from the Sourdough Saloon in Dawson City, Yukon. Terry, good luck. Thanks so much.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) B: That's toe master Terry Lee speaking with us from the Sourdough Saloon in Dawson City, Yukon.Terry, good luck.Thanks so much.","questions":"How does PersonB refer to Terry Lee?","answer":"Terry"}
{"text":["My father believed the world was divided between those who were mentally and physically strong and those who were weak and lazy. For this, I had to undergo a physical and psychological training.","Can you tell us about those nights in the cellar?","From the age of 6, I had to spend one night a month in the basement meditating on death. I sat on a stool, alone, in the dark, surrounded by rats. And I had a cardigan with small bells on it. I wasn't allowed to let the bells tinkle, as it meant that I was moving. It was one of his exercises.","There are just too many instances of abuse and cruelty to recount - I mean, the way he didn't turn on the heat, the way he made you bathe in his dirty water. He said he gave you his energy that way or something."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : My father was trying to instill a sense of superiority and strength in me by contrasting the strong and the weak.","questions":"How did the father categorize people?","answer":"Superiority"}
{"text":[". . . You are from this area - born in D. C. , raised in Maryland and Virginia - the DMV, as we like to say. So what's it like to be back home now that you're blowing up like this?Can you go to, like, the CVS if you want to without being recognized?","Yeah. I definitely can go to the CVS. You know, sometimes people recognize me, sometimes they don't. But it's a beautiful feeling, and I just can't wait to move back eventually.","How did you start singing or how did you realize you could sing?","I don't know. I just was always singing. I didn't know if it was good or not, but my grandma, she told me that I sounded like an angel. And that maybe - perhaps that kept me going. I mean, I always wanted a solo at the church, and they didn't ever give it to me. But eventually they did, and I froze. But then I killed it. And I just feel like that kind of just followed me all throughout my life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The phrase \"I froze\" does not literally mean that the speaker's body physically froze, but rather that they were nervous or scared.  The phrase \"killed it\" does not literally mean that the speaker caused harm to anything, but rather that they performed very well.","questions":"What does the phrase \"killed it\" mean?","answer":"Well"}
{"text":["We are made to meet a quota as well as deadlines. There are about eight different numerical measures that we have to meet during our rating period, which is generally two years. But this latest rating period is one year because they introduced this concept last October. So during our rating period, during this one year, we're expected to complete 700 cases. And we're expected to do a lot of these within specific timelines. It really is very, very dire circumstance for our judges.","And let's say that a judge does not meet his or her quota. What happens?You mentioned financial interests. Does the judge lose his or her job?","So the judge may lose his or her job because, at the end of the rating period, the judge would have to then justify why those numbers have not been met. And the agency will have to determine whether the judge's justification is appropriate or not. And for the agency to impose a singular quota on all of us, as if we are all interchangeable, is absolutely mind-boggling.","We are in El Paso, looking at how this is playing out. What are you hearing from immigration judges in El Paso in particular?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B statement here implies that they are looking out to how the Judges carryout their duties in El Paso in order not to lose their jobs.","questions":"Which location are PersonA and PersonB in?","answer":"ElPaso"}
{"text":["Right.","How do you think the election changed the political landscape in this country, or do you?","Well, it's changed the landscape entirely. All of the talk of the time of Bush's presidency from 2002, when we started, all the way up until Obama's election, things got more and more depressing as time went on. Even though Bush got actually elected in 2004 as oppose to the disputed election in 2000 - still, most of the news was bad news, and we had a steady diet of bad news and flubs in this, and worries about war and worries about domestic policy and civil liberties and civil rights, and it was just bad news. It was like everything was downhill. And the country was depressed, psychologically. And Bush, now that he's gone, you got a breath of fresh air. Everybody is waiting expectantly. People have been happy. They've celebrated. And now the news is always about, you know, what is going now and how is it going to play out, and with most people hoping that it will play out positively after so much depression.","Are you surprised at the level of engagement of what I would arguably say is the black community at large in the political arena, both as voters, as viewers, as readers and particularly, as political pundits."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Everything was becoming negative in their respective areas. People got a change when the new president was elected. The news is about what is happening and what will happen.","questions":"How was the news after Bush's presidency?","answer":"Negative"}
{"text":["Hey, Mary Louise.","So how serious is this?What else do we know?","We don't really know a lot more. We learned of this in a brief statement from campaign senior adviser Jeff Weaver. He said, as you mentioned in the intro there, that Sanders had felt some chest discomfort last night at a campaign event. And what they also told us is that Sanders had a blockage in one artery. Two stents were inserted. His campaign has really not said a whole lot more than that except that events will be canceled until further notice but that the senator is, quote, \"in good spirits. \"He is resting up for a few days.","Now, I did talk to Steven Nissen today. He's a cardiologist at the Cleveland Clinic. He's not the doctor that worked on Sanders, but he just sort of told me what to expect in these cases, what the prognosis is. And pretty much what he told me is this. The way to look at it is that heart disease is, indeed, serious, but this is also a very routine procedure."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Sanders is feeling happy and hopeful after the procedure.","questions":"How is Sanders feeling after the procedure?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["Yes, far more often. And I'm not sure we fully understand why. In this particular - the latest case, the president said he was not informed until 24 hours before Shanahan pulled out. That was just hard to believe. It's either that reflects gross incompetence on the part of his team in not telling him, or he's lying about it and\/or some combination thereof. But we don't know the answer to that.","What we do know is there has been a pattern of withdrawals from nominations that were not fully vetted, or some things popped up at the last minute. You know, both the person nominated that the president wanted to be Army secretary and the person he wanted to be Navy secretary were both knocked out by disclosures that had not come up in the early vetting.","So who's supposed to find this stuff out in the early vetting?Whose responsibility is it?","There are two institutions that are responsible, take primary lead for it - nominees who require Senate confirmation. One first and foremost is the White House working in conjunction with the Internal Revenue Service, working as well with the FBI to do a thorough financial, legal and personal conduct - and that includes domestic violence - kind of search. While that is underway - and it can take a number of weeks - the Senate itself takes up a background check. And so it's almost shocking that the senators are saying they didn't know.","Every administration has some level of dysfunction. But in a White House that is running somewhat more smoothly than this one, how would this work when it's a well-oiled machine or something close to it?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The president may be lying about not being informed","questions":"Which nomination was knocked out due to undisclosed disclosures during early vetting?","answer":"Navy"}
{"text":["I can do it either way.","There are two different puzzles. You know, they are the dominant forms of matter and energy in the universe. Roughly speaking, dark matter accounts for about 25 percent of the universe, and dark energy 70 percent with the stuff you and I are made of, weighing in at 4. 5 percent. And, you know, dark matter holds things together. Dark matter holds together our galaxy, and it's the dark energy that's causing the expansion of the universe to speed up. So they're doing very different things. But as you alluded to, they're both big mysteries and who knows?They might be related.","We think that in terms of the puzzles that were at different stages, as long as we're talking about the LHC, one of cosmology's big hopes is that the LHC stands for dark matter factory. Let's see, I guess those letters don't quite work. Maybe in some language they do. But we're hoping that the LHC, after it finds the Higgs, will actually find the dark matter particle so that this mystery that started some 70 years ago with Fritz Zwicky will be finished off and that we will have identified the dark matter. The dark energy is one of those puzzles where, who knows, it could get solved this decade, but my hunch is it will be another 30 years or maybe even longer.","Are you saying that the Large Hadron Collider can actually make dark matter?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker is using the phrase \"dark matter holds things together\" and \"dark energy that's causing the expansion of the universe to speed up\" in a figurative sense, rather than a literal one. Dark matter and dark energy are not literally holding physical objects together, but rather their gravitational effects are causing certain phenomena in the universe.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of \"dark matter holds things together\" and \"dark energy that's causing the expansion of the universe to speed up\" in turn (2)?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["It's an interesting question. In the case of the prairie dog system, it, of course, has a dire effect on the prairie dog population in general. And the most dependent species on those is the black-footed ferret, which is a highly endangered weasel-like animal that once was much more abundant on the plains but is now extremely rare.","They eat prairie dogs usually, and so now their food supply is being threatened.","They do, yes. They're entirely dependent on prairie dogs, mostly for food. But they also - ferrets use the prairie dog burrows as shelter, so they're highly linked to the prairie dog system. And the black-footed ferret is directed susceptible to plague itself. So it's not just a matter of losing its prey. It actually probably succumbs to the disease about as quickly as the prairie dogs do.","So what's being done now to keep this from spreading further?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : spreading further means something keeps getting worse or better, but in this context its worse.","questions":"How does spreading affect the situation?","answer":"Worse"}
{"text":["And he - those books served as sort of benchmarks of learning of the time. They were encyclopedias on whatever it was: optics, even music, that kind of thing. And even though they contained many propositions that could then be proven wrong by experiment, which is by the way a pretty valuable service in a way, you know, they were important works that almost all the major figures of that time had to contend with.","You've likened him to a kind of Forrest Gump of the 17th century.","I have, yeah. I mean, well, the thing is - the only difference is that Forrest Gump, you know, was this innocent, na\u00c3\u00afve, you know, sort of - had a kind of pure quality to his character. Kircher was a courtier, a careerist. He was not above fibbing if it suited him to get ahead in his career. But he was, in the way that Forest Gump was, kind of one or two degrees of separation away from so many kind of characteristic moments of the time and also as well as people.","So as I say, you know, born on the eve of a witch hunt, he was kind of thrown around in the turmoil of the 30 Years War. He arrived in Rome in 1633 just months after the Galileo trial. He was in Rome in 1656 for the plague, you mentioned the plague, and. . .","And he survived."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Forrest Gump implies a person achieves a lot when they aren't expected to achieve a lot","questions":"Which character from the dialogue is compared to Forrest Gump?","answer":"Kircher"}
{"text":["Honestly, much to my mother's chagrin, I think I would like to come back to the Middle East and continue to cover a lot of the developments here, maybe Afghanistan, continue to cover a lot of our diplomatic efforts abroad.","I think that the next four to eight years of the Obama administration are going to be incredibly interesting, with a lot of the diplomatic efforts to just to try to put a lot of the things back together. Certainly, what's going on now in the Gaza Strip is incredibly interesting, as well. So I think, once I learn the business and learn a lot of skills, I'd love to go abroad as a foreign correspondent someday.","Army Captain Nate Rawlings with the First Brigade Combat Team of the 4th Infantry Division joining us from Baghdad. And it's been great speaking with you. Have a great new year.","Thank you. Happy New Year to you, too."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A wants to continue covering developments in the Middle East despite mother's disapproval","questions":"How does PersonA feel about covering diplomatic efforts in the Middle East?","answer":"Interested"}
{"text":["I don't want to give away how your story seems to resolve itself toward the end, but I think a lot of people would ask you why do you even talk to your mother now?Why do you care what she thinks?","Oh, my God. I love my mother to death, and I'm a writer and I'm a black, American writer, and I would not be a writer, a reader or teacher had my mother not loved me enough to instill a practice at an early age. And this book, in some way, is like her investment coming full circle. She really believes that reading and writing can save us. And I don't know if that's true, but I know I'm a writer. I know I'm an American reader, and I wanted to use my words to try to talk to her and try to tell her that we can be better. We can be better if we give ourselves a chance to walk honestly together. And that's what I tried to do with this book.","Kiese Laymon - his book, \"Heavy: An American Memoir\" - thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you so much for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : give away in this context means to tell someone something without much warning, usually a secret ","questions":"Which word describes the type of information that PersonB doesn't want PersonA to reveal?","answer":"Secret"}
{"text":["Burnt hair, desiccated strawberry, armpit, you know (laughter).","Very precise and unusual.","And there's also this new trajectory to incorporate the language of science. So instead of saying that something smells like green bell pepper, sommeliers are now describing it as smelling of pyrazines, which, by the way, is a chemical that is present in both sauvignon blanc and cabernet sauvignon grapes and in green bell peppers. So don't always roll your eyes at the sommelier.","I don't roll my eyes at the sommelier. I've actually always been intimidated by interacting with the sommelier. I wanted to ask you if you would take a moment to sort of teach someone like me. Can you walk me through it?","A lot of us, when we're given the wine list, treat it as a multiple-choice test. We're handed this list of a hundred options. And we have until the sommelier circles back to us to figure out the right answer.","Exactly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : In this turn, the literal meaning of \"treat it as a multiple-choice test\" would imply approaching the wine list in a structured and exam-like manner. The actual meaning, however, is that people often feel pressured to choose the \"correct\" wine option from a large list and may feel uncertain about their selection until the sommelier returns for their order.","questions":"How do people often treat the wine list?","answer":"Multiple-choice"}
{"text":["They open doors at about seven in the morning. The stores aren't open until 11 on Sundays. So there's just hours and hours of people just walking through the mall.","David Segal is a writer for the New York Times. His latest article is called \"Our Love Affair with Malls Is on the Rocks. \"David, thank you.","You're very welcome.","Stay with us. It's free, from Day to Day on NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The mall opens early and people walk around for hours before stores open.","questions":"Which stores don't open until 11 on Sundays?","answer":"Stores"}
{"text":["Well, responses have ranged from one person who said Biden was a great pick to another who said Obama made a terrible decision. But it's interesting, Joe Biden was the top choice of our unscientific online poll. We asked who Obama should pick as his VP, and 40 percent of all respondents chose him. So despite how people feel about Biden, I think a lot of people assumed that Obama would pick him. And Hillary Clinton interestingly was the second choice.","Really?As we get close - well, not closer to the convention, we are at the convention now - have you noticed an increase in the online traffic?Because I know people have really been paying attention. But now that we're here, are they really into it?","They are really into it. And everyone has an opinion. And everyone wants to make their opinion known. And that's just what they're doing.","Now, what are some of the things that we're going to be looking forward to, that our bloggers can look forward to on our website this week as part of our convention coverage?","Well, through npr. org, we have complete convention schedule so people know when to set their TiVos. We also have profiles of all the key Democratic players and we're also going to pose photo feeds from the convention floor. This morning, Michelle Obama was getting ready to make her speech and she was testing out the mics. And so we have some photos of that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite mixed feelings about Joe Biden, many assumed Obama would choose him as his VP.","questions":"How was Joe Biden perceived as Obama's VP pick?","answer":"Assumed"}
{"text":["Well, this is really interesting. They say they've found evidence that the Sacklers were trying to conceal their wealth in order to avoid paying an appropriate settlement. This is something we've heard even from sources who support the deal on the table, the idea that the Sacklers have worked strategically over the years to drain money out of Purdue Pharma and position those assets all over the world to make them harder to seize. In a statement, Letitia James accused the Sacklers of lowballing victims to skirt a responsible settlement while trying to shield their financial misconduct.","The Sacklers say James and other attorneys general are on a fishing expedition with these suits. They've countersued to squash the investigation. And they also say they're making a good-faith effort now to settle all these lawsuits.","Brian, you cover opioid litigation for NPR. More than 218,000 Americans have died from prescription opioid overdoses. What do you see as the likelihood of communities and families actually getting money or some kind of compensation?","Yeah. I think it's unlikely that it will happen anytime soon, Scott. The legal fight is happening on a lot of fronts right now, so that's going to slow things down. Ohio - just let me give you one example. They've already received tens of millions of dollars in compensation from other drug companies that sold opioid medications and settlements. But because of a legal fight there, none of that money can be spent helping people. It's just sitting in a bank account. And as the money amounts grow here, up into the billions now, the legal fight over who gets all of this cash will likely grow, too."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is a deal that has been offered to the Sacklers from the attorneys general.","questions":"Which attorneys have accused the Sacklers of lowballing the victims?","answer":"Letitia"}
{"text":["All right. Let's run through two of the main issues. . .","Yeah.",". . . Briefly. One is Carter Page, the former Trump campaign aide. The Democratic memo contends Page was under surveillance for many reasons which initially had nothing to do with the controversial Steele dossier.","Yeah. I mean, I think - look, I think that everyone agrees that that's sort of part of what's going on here. Carter Page had long had contacts with Russian intelligence officers, apparently unwitting to him. At one point, it appears he may have been working with the FBI to talk about those folks. And so that has now come out. And it's pretty clear. We've known this for a while, though. These are facts that we've known or at least we've heard rumors of."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Democratic memo contends Page was under surveillance for many reasons which initially had nothing to do with the controversial Steele dossier","questions":"What was Carter Page under surveillance for according to the Democratic memo?","answer":"Contacts"}
{"text":["Sorry. Sorry. Well, one more sticky issue. You got some pushback from a song - on the song, \"Wish You Were Gay. \"And people were hoping it would become an anthem for the LGBTQ community. But some people are actually not pleased about it. They feel that it's - there's pushback about it. And how do you think about that?","You know what I think is that everybody has a right to feel exactly what they feel. And it's not anyone's place to tell somebody that their being offended is not correct, you know?It's, like, that's a thing that you can't control. And if somebody doesn't feel OK with something, then you have to respect that and understand that and not try to fight that.","And so I knew writing that song that - it wasn't meant as an insult. And it wasn't meant to be offensive in any way. So for me, I didn't even really think about it because it was so not at all. . .","O'CONNELL: Controversial to us.",". . . Controversial in my mind because I thought of it as almost like a positive thing."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Everyone should respect other people's opinions and feelings, even if they don't agree with them.","questions":"Which positive thing did PersonA think the song \"Wish You Were Gay\" was for them?","answer":"Anthem"}
{"text":["Right. So there's one where Kim Kardashian is posing against a pile of sand. She's undressed, very provocative. And then there's you, sort of similarly clad, reclining against gravel (laughter).","Yeah, on a dirt pile. Kim Kardashian on a dirt pile. That's the way people refer to that photo a lot.","Why do you think it's resonated so much?Why do you think people have enjoyed this so much?","Well, first and foremost, I look like an idiot in them, the other person doesn't. And it's not like I'm taking - I don't take paparazzi photos of people or I'll only take what they've posted themselves. And then I look silly in it. So the beginning of it is me looking stupid. And I think people like that. I think people like seeing people make fun of themselves - I do - and just not caring. I think it's nice to see on a platform like Instagram, where it's all about how things are staged. It's nice to see something that is so not."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In Turn (3), when B asks, \"Why do you think it's resonated so much? Why do you think people have enjoyed this so much?\" they are not asking about the actual vibrations or sounds that the photo has produced, but rather about why the photo has become so popular and well-liked.","questions":"Which turn does PersonB ask why the photo has become so popular and well-liked?","answer":"Two"}
{"text":["And Happy Thanksgiving to you. This would essentially be an enterprise in which people would put money on terrorist acts.","Well, you know, the prediction markets - markets like political prediction markets, where people risk money on the presidential election, things like that - have been remarkably successful in many different areas. So a little more than a decade ago, the Defense Department thought the idea - why don't we try to do a prediction market that would include all sorts of measures of international instability?- where there'll be a coup, what government might be at risk, where the economy might fall. And it included questions about terrorism as something we might try to predict.","As you said, there was a public outcry. People complained about - this would mean people are earning money from terror attacks. That is, if you bet right in the prediction market, obviously, you'd get a payoff. And so it was dropped.","Well, how does putting money on the chance of something occurring, a terrorist act, improve somebody's sense of judgment in predicting it?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The turn that has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning is turn (1).  Although the literal meaning of \"And Happy Thanksgiving to you\" is a friendly holiday greeting, the implied meaning in this context is likely sarcastic or dismissive. This is because B responds to A's explanation of the prediction market with a statement that could be interpreted as not taking the idea seriously or finding it distasteful. The greeting could therefore be seen as a way to change the subject or end the conversation.","questions":"What was the Defense Department's idea for a prediction market that included all sorts of measures of international instability?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["I would love that, and we would absolutely love that.","And watch The Daily Show tonight. I'll be on it.","Oh, absolutely.","Great."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Suggesting that the other person should watch The Daily Show to see the speaker's appearance.","questions":"Which appearance?","answer":"Appearance"}
{"text":["I think there is. There has been a lot of talk here about that, not officially from the state board. But I think when you have both candidates kind of saying they would be open to it, it's really on the table. And the state board does have the ability to do this. They can call an election if - by law, if improprieties occurred to such an extent that they taint the results of the entire election and cast doubts on its fairness.","And any idea when a new election might be in the 9th District?","So - right. We have no idea. And they have said they are mindful that the new Congress is supposed to be seated on January 3. But I think it's going to be probably very difficult if they do do an election to get it done that quickly. Another question is, kind of what kind of election would you have?Would you redo the entire 9th District. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It would be difficult to conduct an election in the 9th District quickly.","questions":"What is the main concern regarding conducting an election in the 9th District?","answer":"Feasibility"}
{"text":["Well, I was abused by a priest when I was a child. And it caused me a great deal of difficulty with my life afterwards. I had a lot of problems with anxiety and depression.","How old were you when it happened?","I had just turned 13. I was in a children's hospital. And the priest who assaulted me was the Catholic chaplain of the hospital. And he also took indecent photographs, which had a lasting effect on me.","You were one of two sexual abuse survivors on the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors. Yet you resigned March 1. Can you tell us why?","I did because I accepted the appointment to the commission in the hope that the church was really beginning to show, you know, a sincere wish to change. And after three years, I resigned on some specific issues. But, basically, it was the resistance from some quarters in the Vatican to actually change.","Does it surprise you that someone as high up as Cardinal Pell has been accused?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"resistance from some quarters in the Vatican\" - This phrase implies that there are factions within the Vatican that are opposing change, rather than a physical space within the Vatican.","questions":"What does the phrase \"resistance from some quarters in the Vatican\" imply about the opposition to change?","answer":"factions"}
{"text":["I didn't worry about it too much, but I - you know, I love life. I love to be out there in the field with these scientists. I take the same precautions they take. If they're wearing respirator masks and goggles and latex gloves, then I wear the same - rubber boots, gowns or whatever. And I try and stay three feet or 4four feet behind them. I try not to let them hand me a giant fruit bat.","In one case, Lisa Jones-Engel did say, here, David. Pin this monkey to the ground while I take a blood sample from this other one. And I thought about that a little bit.","Did you think twice?","I said - well, I didn't think - well, I said, sure, and I held it to the ground. And then I thought, this is not exactly what I signed up for, but, you know, you need to pitch in a little bit in these circumstances."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Lisa Jones-Engel asked me to hold a monkey down while she took a blood sample from another, which was not expected of me.","questions":"Which monkey did Lisa Jones-Engel take a blood sample from?","answer":"Other."}
{"text":["I should remind Americans that, in Britain, the prime minister normally controls the agenda in Parliament. He was blocked yesterday. What was it like to be on the floor for yesterday's vote?","Well, it was exciting. I mean, the chamber the House of Commons - I often take Americans around it. It's very different from Congress or the Senate. It's very confrontational. There are seats facing opposite each other, so you get to shout at each other. But, of course, in this instance, the fight was between people sitting on the same benches. So you kind of shout across at each other. It's also a very small chamber, a very intimate chamber. So in that sense, it adds to the drama.","Well, Prime Minister Johnson said he would expel you rebels from the Conservative Party. Did that happen overnight?Are you no longer a member of the Conservative Party?","Yeah. He's been true to his word. I have lost what we call the whip. So we're not members of the Conservative Parliamentary Party, we're independent MPs, which has been forced on us rather than a choice made by us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The House of Commons is a confrontational environment","questions":"How would you describe the environment in the House of Commons?","answer":"Confrontational"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. Staycation. It's one of those newfangled words that's caught on fast. A vacation is when you vacate. You take off, you stay in a hotel, or camp out, or see the sights. A staycation is - well, you got it. With soaring gas prices and plane tickets, this was supposed to be the summer of staying at home. But was that prediction off the mark?If you're thinking about traveling soon or for the winter holidays, what should you keep in mind?With us to talk about both of those issues we've got Madeline Nunn, senior travel agent with the Richmond, Virginia, branch of the American Automobile Association, or Triple-A. Hi, Madeline.","How are you?","I'm great. So, back in May, a Rand McNally survey found that two-thirds of Americans planning road trips this summer said they would shorten their trips or cancel them all together. Summer is wrapping up, so what actually panned out?","Well, actually, the staycation thing is sort of a myth, so to speak, because Americans are traveling. They're traveling because they are hard-working and they need the rest and the revitalization. They need this vacation. So, what we're finding is that they're not staying home, per se. Some are just staying a little closer to home. And sometimes they're limiting the length of time that they may take for this vacation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Americans are still traveling but may be taking shorter vacations closer to home","questions":"How are Americans traveling this summer?","answer":"Closer"}
{"text":["Yeah. So when Governor Richardson in 1994 - he was a young congressman, and he was in North Korea for his first visit. At that time, a helicopter was shot down by North Korea, and two American pilots were taken. One was killed upon the impact, and the other one was alive. And Governor Richardson stayed there on assignment by President Clinton to negotiate for two weeks.","And when he got the pilots back, he got an invoice. And that invoice included a lot of legitimate things - hotels, meals, transportation, fuel - and one line about ammunition. And the governor asked the North Koreans, what is this about?And they said, well, somebody needs to pay for the bullets we used to shoot down the helicopter.","So it's - again, it's not unique. And I have to say, we all followed last summer the return of American servicemen. We've been involved - the governor has been involved in this effort. We're currently involved in more of these. The North Koreans charge for those as well.","How are those payments understood in diplomatic terms?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The North Koreans are trying to make the US pay for the cost of shooting down the helicopter and for other services provided during negotiations and efforts to return American servicemen","questions":"Which country demanded payment for ammunition in the invoice sent to Governor Richardson?","answer":"North-Korea"}
{"text":["But I'm sure that there's something else that you want to share with us. You have your poems about California, poems about the blues.","I've got one. The once called \"Who I Am in Twilight. \"And it's a poem that is actually emblazoned on the sidewalk. And it's set in stone, as it were, on something called \"Poetry Walk\" in Berkeley, California. They put down on sidewalk, Addison Street, about a hundred poets', I think, work. So it's fun to go over there and see how posterity works, because always somebody has dropped some pizza on it, mashed out a cigarette on it, or something like that.","So don't live for posterity, live for now. But here it is. \"Who I am in Twilight. \"","Like John Lee Hooker, like Lightnin' Hopkins, like the blues himself. The Trickster Sonnet, hoedown, the tango, the cante jondo. Like blessed spirituals and ragas, custom-made. Like sagas. Like stories. Like slick, slow, sly, soliloquies sliding into dramas. Like crime and punishment. Like death and birth. Canal Street, New Orleans. Like the easy, erasable, troubled voices a whirling ceiling fan makes in deep summer nights in hot, un-heavenly hotels. Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee. Like the Mississippi River so deep and wide, you couldn't get a letter to the other side. Like Grand Canyon. Like Yosemite National Park. Like beans and cornbread. Like rest and recreation. Like love and like. I know we last. I know our bleeding stops."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The poet's work has been preserved in a special place in California.","questions":"What is the name of the sidewalk where the poet's work is preserved?","answer":"Addison"}
{"text":["So a country that was bought by the United States 100 years ago - you're celebrating the centennial this year, and there are still so many other islands that are essentially controlled by European countries, as well - like the Netherlands, France and Britain - that were impacted by Irma. And we've seen a pattern in the response. How has the United States talked about it in your view?","The United States has talked about us as if we are effectively a colony, which is that we are secondary. We are perhaps secondary types of Americans. Now, we do carry American passports in the Virgin Islands, but we don't have federal representation.","We cannot vote for president for example. Our congresswoman, who - we vote for her - she cannot vote in Congress. So we really have no say. But I also think that this has to do with just the way that we are thought of in the national imagination as a place for a vacation and respite. And it's a beautiful place. The Virgin Islands is as beautiful as everybody says.","It is a gorgeous, pristine, absolutely divine place. However, it's a place where human beings also live. So, you know, when Americans travel to Europe, for example, they know that they're traveling to Europe to engage with the cultural history. When people travel to the Caribbean, they are often traveling to avoid the human beings and to just engage in the beauty of the space.","So they're in resorts. They're lying in the sun. They're drinking tropical, rum-infused drinks, but they're not necessarily there for the culture or to talk to the people who live there?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The United States treats the Virgin Islands as a colony.","questions":"How does the United States view the Virgin Islands?","answer":"colony"}
{"text":["Initially, Manaf was very close to Bassel. I mean, he was his childhood friend. But when Bassel died and Bashar became the heir, obviously, the friendship and the loyalties were transferred to Bashar. And Manaf was by Bashar's side, you know, from the get-go.","You know, in 2011, when the uprising started, here, Manaf made the break and said, you know, I'm not going to be like my father, Mustafa; I'm not going to kill, you know, to preserve this regime. So he stepped back and eventually had to leave the country.","When you talked to Manaf Tlass, who was a loyalist for so long, what does he say is the moment when he said, I got to get out of this - this friendship, this country?","Initially, when the uprising started, Manaf was trying to convince Bashar not to use violence, not to actually shoot protesters. But the problem is, you know, Bashar was surrounded by these hardliners - his brother Maher al-Assad and his cousin Hafez Makhlouf. So this is very much a family affair ruling Syria. These people were for actually shooting people from the first day. And the idea was if you shot enough people from the first day, you would scare them off the streets. That was the logic."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Manaf Tlass decided not to support his father's regime","questions":"How did Manaf Tlass break away from his father's regime?","answer":"Break"}
{"text":["Yeah, it's light and it's very dark at the same time, yeah.","Well, that's what you go for or what?","Yeah, you got to have a little bit of - a little bit of an edge, I think.","You have a woman in a classical gown looking out over the sea coast in the moonlight holding a lantern. The caption - night after night she watches the sea, longing for her husband's departure (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"night after night she watches the sea, longing for her husband's departure (laughter).\" - The caption is meant to be humorous, as it contradicts the expected sentiment of missing one's husband who has departed. The laughter indicates that the speaker finds it funny that the woman is actually longing for her husband's departure rather than his return.","questions":"What is the tone of the speaker towards the caption in turn 3?","answer":"Humorous"}
{"text":["And the Trump administration has said that some of these many navigator programs were failing to meet their targets, that they were going to put the largest reductions on to the groups that weren't performing. How does that apply to you?","It does not apply to the Ohio Association of Food Banks and our consortia partners. We have served for four years to carry out navigator activities in the state of Ohio. And for those four years, we have met, nearly met or exceeded all of our deliverables. All of the feedback that we had received was very positive - keep up the great work. We certainly wish other states would perform to your level and standards. I believe at one point they even said that we were, quote, \"rock stars. \"","So I can - may I presume that you were shocked?","Shocked would be an understatement, but really deeply, deeply and profoundly disappointed and felt as though, quite frankly, we were being held hostage in the belief that it was really - appeared to be a political maneuver to damage the viability and stability of the Affordable Care Act. And at that point, our members voted unanimously to terminate our contract on navigator services in Ohio."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"rock stars\" is used figuratively to mean that the Ohio Association of Food Banks and their partners were performing exceptionally well, rather than literally referring to musicians or performers.","questions":"How was the term \"rock stars\" used to describe the Ohio Association of Food Banks and their partners?","answer":"Figuratively"}
{"text":["Good morning, Scott.","Please give us a fill - so much going on in the Mueller investigation this week.","Well, you know, it seemed like there was Mueller news pretty much every day this week, Scott. On Friday, we learned that Trump's chief financial officer, Allen Weisselberg, has been subpoenaed in the Mueller probe. Now, this is a man who has the keys to the kingdom, if anyone does. We also got a list of 35 witnesses who are expected to be called in the trial of Paul Manafort. Now, that's Trump's 2016 campaign manager. He is accused of money laundering and deceiving the U. S.  government. That trial was delayed until next week. But we do expect this is going to be the new refocusing of the Mueller probe in the days ahead.","Also this week, CNN reported that Michael Cohen - that's the former attorney for the president - is ready to testify that Trump knew about that June 2016 meeting with Manafort and Donald Jr.  and some Russians offering dirt on Hillary Clinton. And we also learned that Putin and the president will not meet in September because they want to wait until after the Mueller probe is over. So they're planning to exchange visits to each other's capital city next year."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is asking for an update on the Mueller investigation.","questions":"Which person is accused of money laundering and deceiving the U.S. government in the Mueller probe?","answer":"Paul"}
{"text":["\"The Interview,\" a bromance.","Tamara, are these mostly symbolic sanctions?I mean, North Korea's already under significant sanctions.","Significant. There have been four UN Security Council resolutions adopted since 2006, as well as two U. S.  sanctions programs. These are largely targeted at North Korea's weapons development - nuclear weapons development. So you could easily argue that these new sanctions are just piling onto a pretty big pile already.","U. S.  officials insist, though, that these are new and different because they name 10 individuals, most of whom work for the country's main arms dealer. They say that this naming them is going to make it very hard for those people to do business basically anywhere in the world. The White House also says that there are more sanctions yet to come."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implies that the sanctions put in place by the UN Security Council and the US government are more of the same and not necessarily new or different in any meaningful way. ","questions":"What is the focus of the UN Security Council resolutions and US sanctions mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Weapons"}
{"text":["OK.","OK.  Palace Council?","Well, the term palace council in the title is left as a semi-mystery to the reader, but I'll give a bit of a clue. It's a clue to the structure of the conspiracy that Eddie and Aurelia spend the book trying to tease out. The conspiracy that I mentioned influenced the highest levels of American government. I kind of like the name, because the idea of a palace council is the advisors behind the throne, rather than the people exercising authority. And that's, of course, how the powerful families in this book see themselves.","Agony?","The term Agony in the novel is the name of a radical, left-underground group in the 1960s that blows things up. I made up the name, but not the idea. Eddie's sister, Junie (ph), disappears early in the novel, then turns up later on as a member of this radical, underground group, and Eddie spends most of the novel really trying to search for his sister. For him the conspiracy isn't central, for him his sister is central. Aurelia, my other protagonist, is trying to track down the conspiracy. Eddie runs into the conspiracy while trying to track down his sister."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Eddie's search for his sister is more important than the conspiracy","questions":"Which is more important to Eddie in the novel?","answer":"sister"}
{"text":["I think one of the reasons, Tony, that we're seeing so of many of these come to light has, really, nothing to do with the fact that people are being - that this is happening more often so much as it is the fact that people are just paying attention to it more. You know, you watch the news and somebody says, oh, there's a stolen car ring. Now, all of a sudden, everybody's watching for people breaking into cars. Well, people break into cars every day. But when you hear about it on the news, people start paying attention.","There have always been Ponzi schemes. This is not new. This has been going on forever. It has been happening to investors. It'll continue to go on, but we're just aware of because the Madoff scandal was so large and so visible.","You know, it's funny. I was listening to your description of the Ponzi scheme - as our time is running out - and I couldn't help but think that there must be somebody listening to your description who is saying, wow, the stimulus package, that sounds like a Ponzi scheme to me.","The government covering its own losses by printing more money back, which covers losses in which it prints more money. Hey, you know, you could make that - I'm not going to make that argument, but somebody might."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The stimulus package may be seen as a Ponzi scheme by some","questions":"How was the stimulus package described by someone in the dialogue?","answer":"Ponzi."}
{"text":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Karodzic's brother's use of the SIM card was the final piece of evidence needed to identify him.","questions":"Which evidence was crucial in identifying Karodzic?","answer":"SIM"}
{"text":["Because they - the bystander effect being that they thought somebody else would call in, or I don't want to get involved.","Yeah.","And I think it is different from the bystander effect, because it depends on the community that you're in and what becomes normal for that community and what causes concern in that community. That changes depending upon the way the community does.","Now, having said that, I will say this. We have become a society who says, not me, not get involved. One, out of fear, because you don't want to get involved, you think you'll get hurt too. And number two, I think we've become attenuated as a society for a variety of reasons. One, because of our mobility. I don't live where my grandmother lived, where her mother lived, where my uncles and cousins and aunts are. And most people don't anymore. Not any more, but we're so much of a mobile society, and we're become a technological society. My husband yesterday called my son on his cell phone from our bedroom to his room to tell him to do something."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to call in with this context means to call the police","questions":"What does the bystander effect refer to?","answer":"Depends"}
{"text":["Some folks get a little bit cranky about having to work on the holiday. It's a day that, you know, most of us spend with our family and friends. How do you feel about working on a day that most people get off?","Folks that work in NASA have a common bond of a real passion for the space program. So, we wouldn't be here if we didn't have that. And obviously, we'd like to be with our families, but if we can't be there, then the next best place to be is working on a space mission.","So, you know, we've been doing a space station for 10 years straight, and there's been someone here every year for every holiday. And beyond holidays even, you know, one of the crew members on board is having their wedding anniversary just yesterday, and tomorrow's one of the birthdays of one of the flight directors working the flight.","So, we all kind of take care and bond together and take care of each other. And we're having a Thanksgiving dinner here that management's all bringing in for the flight controllers that are working, and we try to shift people out so that, you know, there's three shifts so that people do get some time at home."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Efforts are made to provide a sense of community and celebration among the workers","questions":"How are workers encouraged to bond and celebrate together?","answer":"Community"}
{"text":["Yeah, you and I are on the same page. I think that's craziness. I don't like temporary tax reductions. I don't like temporary legislative fixes, generally. I want to see permanent legislative fixes. So I am against the fact that they are temporary, but I'd rather have, as a person who pays these taxes, as a middle-income person - I'd rather have seven years of tax reduction than what the Democrats were proposing, which was a trillion dollars in increased taxes.","I'd like to talk about the political ramifications. By and large, polls show this isn't popular, and it pushes through some very substantial changes in the financial lives of Americans. Do you think that there will be a cost come 2018?","No, I think what we're going to see is if the economic effects of this are positive, then it will have positive political ramifications. For the most part - and again, I'm just talking regular people. Regular people vote with their wallets. If the economy continues to improve, and we're seeing robust growth - the last growth number was 3. 3 percent, which is extraordinary higher than anything we saw in the Obama era. If that kind of growth continues, if real job growth continues, if real wage growth continues, we're going to see a wave election for Republicans.","And how do you think the deficit problems will be resolved?How are you hoping that that will be addressed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A implies that positive economic effects of the tax reductions will have positive political developments for the Republicans","questions":"What will positive economic effects of the tax reductions have for Republicans?","answer":"Benefits"}
{"text":["That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid. As a kid, he was - he hung around all the time with African-American kids. Those were his playmates, even in Hyannis. He was - he, you know, Father Feeney - when Father Feeney said no salvation outside the Catholic Church, he railed against that, which was so extraordinary in that very Catholic family.","You know, Ralph Bunche - he insisted that that great African-American statesman get to speak to a integrated audience at UVA when he was in charge of the lecture series down there. There's all kinds of evidence of Bobby in the beginning being a liberal in the best sense of that word. And I think it just came more to life after Jack was gone and after the old man was out of action.","Will American voters these days - and donors and journalists, for that matter - let a public figure change in public the way Robert Kennedy did?","Well, I think the hardest thing for him - and to me, the sweetest part of the book - was his evolution on Joe McCarthy. There's no doubt that he loved the guy. It came through right to the end when he was driving in the car at National Airport. And Kathleen, his young daughter, said he was so stricken by the news that McCarthy had just drank himself to death at Bethesda Naval Hospital that he drove around the airport three times. He was just distraught."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Will modern society be open to and tolerant of a public figure's change in opinion? ","questions":"What was Bobby Kennedy's evolution on Joe McCarthy?","answer":"opinion"}
{"text":["One, make sure you fill out all the federal forms correctly and thoroughly. Two, report all your income to the government. Those will be the two big headlines. Three. . .","That's the law, right?","Yeah, that's - follow the law is clear. Three, it really hasn't affected the lobbying business, per se, even with President Trump. There's so much uncertainty out there that businesses and individuals want people representing them in Washington who are just kind of aware of what's going on and looking after their interests.","Well, that raises this question. During your lobbying career, you lobbied, I gather, for broadcasters and beer wholesalers. As we noted, Mr.  Manafort specialized in lobbying for foreign strongman, including Mobutu Sese Seko of Zaire and Viktor Yanukovych of Ukraine, Moscow's man - Moscow's plant in Kiev. Question might sound naive - I thought ambassadors were supposed to represent the interests of foreign powers in Washington, D. C.  How did lobbyists become part of it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It is a legal requirement to fill out federal forms correctly and report income to the government.","questions":"Which two things should be the big headlines according to A?","answer":"two"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Suffering from schizophrenic paranoia. And the other one says that he was a narcissist, and that it was possible to put him in jail, and not in a hospital.","And as he's been presented in the courtroom, how did he hold up under cross-examination?One thing to read out your own statement on your own behalf, another to face a prosecutor.","He's been - like I said, he's been very self-confident. He's given - his answers are very stable. He speaks very well for himself. And except the fact that his ideology is, to say it weakly, it's very special and it's very extreme. As he says himself, he's a violent extremist. He's a militant, violent extremist, and that's what he wants to be, and he doesn't really try to get away from that fact."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that someone is suffering from schizophrenic paranoia and another person believes they should be put in jail instead of a hospital. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is discussing the mental state of someone else and their legal situation, which may be relevant to the conversation but is not explicitly stated.","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion on the person's ideology?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["Elections are indeed important, and that's why Joe Maguire - the top intelligence official in our government - has said that the greatest security threat facing our nation right now is ensuring the integrity of our elections and preventing foreign interference. For the president of the United States to ask the government of Ukraine and now the government of China to interfere in our elections by collecting dirt, opposition research on his political opponents is a violation, first, of the law but also of the very core of what our country stands for, what our democracy is built upon.","And - in half a minute we have left, what in your mind is the obligation of a professional diplomat when they are asked to do that?","When a diplomat encounters something that they believe is immoral or illegal, they need to call it out. That's why the whistleblower laws exist. There are procedures in place for people to object. And if they are not able to get further traction in that way, then they're obliged to resign.","Nancy McEldowney former U. S.  ambassador to Bulgaria and a longtime career diplomat, thanks so much for coming in to see us today.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He asked the foreign governments to collectinformation about illegal and\/or immoral things that his opponents had done.","questions":"How did the president violate the law and the core of democracy?","answer":"Collect."}
{"text":["Yes.","What is it like coming and finding a place in New York's theater world?Because it can be very tough to even get a little purchase in it, but it sounds like you have found a place with your off-Broadway version of the play that's very comfortable and fulfilling.","Well, it is definitely - yeah, I have to admit, I wish I could sit here and say I knew it was going to happen this way. I was nervous waiting for that New York Times review to come out. You know what that's like. You know, it was like, OK, you know, am I going to get the theater gods' blessing?Because New York it is what it is; it's the Big Apple. It's the biggest theater market in the world. If you can make it, here you can make it anywhere.","So, this feels really good to have, you know, not just the approval from the critics, but just be able to, you know - I shake everyone's hand who buys the ticket every time I perform my show. I stand at the door as people leave the theater; I shake their hand and look them in the eyes and say thank you. So, I really feel like just because the reviews are great, I still know that it's reaching people, and that's what's important to me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Finding success in the New York theater world is difficult.","questions":"What is the setting of the play?","answer":"fiction"}
{"text":["(Singing) Don't act surprised, It ain't like you didn't know. It's been a long, long time comin' And it's time for me to go.","Tryin' to split things up Could drive us crazy.","So where'd that song come from?","That song - Frank Rogers is my producer, and we got together - it was the first time we had met each other, we were talking about what kind of record I wanted to make. And I told him I really wanted to make a country record, and that was the first song we wrote together."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The singer is implyihng that Frank Rogers and he cowrote the song in question together.","questions":"How did the singer come up with the song? (Answer: cowriting)","answer":"Cowriting"}
{"text":["I think that for, me Hillary is a policy wonk. I'm focused on public policy, and I'm thinking about action and thinking about what people say, how they present themselves, and whether or not they sound really credible on hardcore concrete ideas and proposals. And she just emerges as that person for me.","So, Congresswoman, why did you change your mind?","Combination of things. We've been through a campaign period. Barack Obama has paid some dues, and he's rebuilt himself. We got to know a bit more about him. He is talking about issues. The campaign has done what campaigns are supposed to do, and that is to help the public get to know the candidate, what they stand for, what they're willing to do, and whether or not they are tough enough to stay the course. He has met the test. He's paid his dues. He's got the numbers, and he should be the nominee.","Now, we saw a lot of members of the congressional black caucus either switch their superdelegate vote or at the last minute declare, when they were undeclared. What do you think that was about?Why was there this, you know, even before the final election votes were in, why was there this rush to say, you know, to declare?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Obama has demonstrated his credibility and is qualified to be the nominee.","questions":"How has Obama proven himself?","answer":"Credibility"}
{"text":["Thank you, Tony. It's a pleasure to be with you.","As I understand it, I should be singing \"Happy Birthday\" to you. Your birthday's Monday, right?","You know all the information, don't you?","It just means we did our homework on you. Happy birthday, Nneena Freelon.","Thank you, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is aware of A's birthday and is teasing them","questions":"Which day is Nneena Freelon's birthday?","answer":"Monday"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So what originally did the Consumer Product Safety Commission say was wrong with this stroller?","They were concerned about the front wheel of the stroller. It's a three-wheeled stroller, and they were concerned with the wheel falling off suddenly. It's attached to the stroller with a quick release, the same thing that attaches the wheels on bicycles. And so parents would be out running, jogging with their strollers, their kid in the middle. And the wheel would spontaneously fall off.","So the agency spent months investigating. And in 2017, they decided that Britax should recall the stroller, that it wasn't safe. And they even sued to try and force the company to recall the stroller. Tell us why that didn't happen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Thank you\" is a polite expression of gratitude. Its meaning is literal and straightforward.","questions":"What did PersonA say to B?","answer":"Thank"}
{"text":["(Unintelligible).","Right.","Like a lawn. Just colonies everywhere. Then after a week, there are fewer. You still would not want to drink it. After three weeks, there is nothing.","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is describing how quickly the colonies of something grow and then disappear, possibly referring to a bacterial infection or mold in a lawn","questions":"How does the speaker describe the growth and disappearance of the colonies?","answer":"Growth"}
{"text":["But Alaphilippe seems to be digging deeper every day. He's a former soldier. And he's extremely tough, really affable, straight-talking. The things he's done - they've set on fire the passions of the people, really. He's just sort of gone on a rampage - these break-for-the-border dashes for the finishing line. And he's succeeded three or four times, and everybody's talking about him.","And then there is another Frenchman who is one of the favorites to win the race. Tell us about him.","That's right - Thibaut Pinot, very different, a very emotional man. And he fell into a trap a few days ago and lost a bit of time. But he's still in with a very big shot. So he's vowed to fight back on Saturday and may well get back into a position. Thibaut Pinot is about 28, 29 years old. He hasn't raced here for a while. He'd been racing in Italy. He really is a very, very popular man. And if he does win the Tour de France, he will be the most popular man in France.","Now, as we've said, the race is just past its halfway point, and a Frenchman has not won the Tour de France in 34 years. So what's the attitude and sentiment like among people in these small French towns where the cyclists are whizzing past?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The people have seen what he is capable of and believe he posses the skills and abilities to win.","questions":"Which French cyclist are the people talking about?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Oh, she did, and in such an interesting time. In the '70s, even before Betty Ford had famously stepped forward and talked about her struggles, Joan was convening people who were early thinkers in how to treat people differently. You know, AA had been around, of course, for decades. But there was a movement in the '70s to get people to look at the whole person with alcoholism. And Joan was really passionate about getting the word out.","Yeah. With Ray's death, Joan Kroc became one of the principal philanthropists in America. And she really took that responsibility seriously, didn't she?","She lived large, and she gave large. She felt this almost-burden with the money that she had. And saying she hit the lotto isn't really fair. But - she had this money at her disposal, and she felt obligated to use it in a constructive way. But that's not to say she was ascetic or like a monk. She lived very, very lavishly as well.","Yeah, she'd drip with jewels. She went to nice places. She. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Joan Kroc used her wealth to live a luxurious lifestyle and still dedicate her wealth to charitable causes.","questions":"How did Joan Kroc balance her luxurious lifestyle with her philanthropic efforts?","answer":"Balanced"}
{"text":["It is fiction, but of course I was able to draw on my experience. I developed my expertise in the agency in nuclear counter-proliferation. And that's why that's the main theme of this first book, hopefully in a long series. But it's sort of ripped from the headlines.","Vanessa's asset is shot just after she disregards the signal to abort their meeting. Does she blame herself?","She does. There is definitely a sense that when you, as a CIA ops officer, when you are handling assets, they are delivering to you their trust and their well-being. And you feel very protective of them, even if they're not very nice people.","So, who do spies talk to when they have a bad day at the office?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"So, who do spies talk to when they have a bad day at the office?\"  The literal meaning of this sentence is asking who spies talk to when they're having a bad day at work. However, the implied meaning is that spies, like everyone else, have emotions and experience stress and difficulty in their jobs, but they have unique challenges in coping with those emotions due to the secretive and high-pressure nature of their work.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of the question \"So, who do spies talk to when they have a bad day at the office?\"","answer":"Implied"}
{"text":["ORDO\u00d1EZ: Well, Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney was on shows this morning defending the administration, defending the White House, saying Democrats like Swalwell, who we just heard, are trying to score political points on the tragedy, saying that about some of the other Democratic candidates who are still in the presidential race. Mulvaney himself is calling the shooter a sick person and says drawing anything other than that is wrong or fair - trying to blame the president is unfair.","This was a sick person. The person in Dayton was a sick person. No politician is to blame for that. The people responsible here are the people who pulled the trigger. We need to figure out how to create less of those kinds of people as a society and not trying to figure out who gets blamed going into the next election.","ORDO\u00d1EZ: And Trump himself, you know, at a rally in Charlotte last year, he said the White House didn't blame Bernie Sanders when one of his supporters went out and shot a Republican lawmaker during a baseball practice. They're saying they want the same type of response.",": And where does the White House stand in terms of policy solutions?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Mulvaney is defending the White House and administration","questions":"What is Mulvaney defending?","answer":"White-House"}
{"text":["Good morning, Debbie. How are you?","I'm good. When you hold hearings on the administration's immigration policies, what are going to be the key questions you're going to be looking to have answered?","Well, for the last two years, we've had very few oversight hearings on the department. Now, we've only talked to the secretary one time since she's been secretary. And so we plan to do robust oversight on the whole department. It just so happens that the border is front and center now because of what's going on. We're very concerned about the tragic death of the two children. We're concerned about the wholesale release of migrants seeking asylum on the streets of El Paso.","So we want to get to the bottom of why these things are happening. Is it a resource issue?Is it an issue that the policies that are presently being implemented are causing the system to not work?So oversight is what we have to do. It's our mandate from Congress, and we plan to do it.","Now, you're not the only incoming chairman who's looking at oversight. There'll be other committees - judiciary, intelligence, for example - who will also be investigating. Could that be a recipe for overreach?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is asking for an explanation of the actions the committee plans to take to investigate the administration's immigration policies.","questions":"How will the committee investigate the administration's immigration policies?","answer":"Correct."}
{"text":["I watched the movie \"Concussion,\" and that kind of really gave me some insight onto what could happen if I kept on playing football and some of the injuries that could occur.","So nobody had ever spoken to you about this before - your coach, your family. It wasn't something that really was on your radar at all.","No, it really wasn't any of my concern. I wasn't really worried about it. You know, I had a head injury my junior year in football and then, you know, I kind of just shrugged it off, didn't think it was much of anything","So looking at the film with Will Smith, you thought, hey, I'm a football player. I'm, you know, in high school. And if I keep this up, something terrible could happen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker was able to empathize with the film's portrayal of the risks associated with playing football, realizing that their own participation in the sport could have serious consequences. This suggests the power of media and storytelling to influence and educate individuals about important issues.","questions":"How did the speaker respond to the film's portrayal of the risks associated with playing football?","answer":"Realizing"}
{"text":["Well, I think anything is possible. It's just impossible with this president. He continues to decide, basically without consultation - from all we can interpret - from advisers or whomever and just decide that this is what I want to do. Sure, he's president. But you would expect the chief executive to listen to his advisers. He said, if I don't get my way, I'm going to shut the government down. He didn't get his way, and we are involved in this shutdown. It's unfortunate, but he asked for it.","I look forward to January 3 coming. And Democrats, at least, can provide the majority leadership in the House to do what we can to try to get the government up and running. It does not include wall funding, but we need to put the tens of thousands of government workers back to work.","That's Bennie Thompson of Mississippi, the ranking Democrat on the House Homeland Security Committee. Congressman, thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : tens of thousands implies very numerous or uncountable number of people ","questions":"How many government workers need to be put back to work?","answer":"uncountable"}
{"text":["But you do know that this is public information.","Yes. But we are not contributing to fuel any hate. We are contributing because we want President Trump to be reelected. I like the job he's doing as president. I love the way he loves America, the same way that I love America. I named my company Great America Companies in 1972 when I first immigrated to America because I felt this was a great place.","President Trump has used the words invasion and killer, according to new statistics, over 500 times when speaking about immigration and immigrants since 2017. That is as president. People see his rhetoric as divisive and specifically when speaking about Latino immigrants. Does that not concern you?","Not at all because he's not being taken in the full context of these expressions. What he wants is legal immigration. He's not objecting to immigration of Latinos or Hispanics. He only objects to illegal immigration."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Fueling hate does not mean to give it gas but to make more people hate each other.","questions":"Which expression does President Trump repeatedly use when speaking about immigration and immigrants?","answer":"invasion"}
{"text":["Well, it's about four, five, six percent. But we also asked questions about whether or not people would change their minds. You can add an additional about 20 percent of voters who are picking a candidate in the month of September, but are still saying they might change their mind how they're going to vote. When you add those two numbers together, you get almost to a quarter of the electorate in Ohio that could change its mind between now and Election Day.","And the number one issue, as it is in many places in the country, the economy?","The economy is the number one issue. And one of the things that makes it very difficult for a candidate to campaign in Ohio is that when they come to Ohio to talk about the economy, they can't just talk about a single aspect. When you talk to folks in the northern part of the state, northeast Ohio which includes Cleveland, and northwest Ohio which includes Toledo, when you're talking about the economy there, oftentimes the discussion is about trade.","When you talk about the economy in southwest Ohio, which is the Cincinnati area, there's much less talk about trade, and more discussion about wages and the salaries that people are making. The southeast area of the state, which is also known in part because of the Appalachian history of that part of the state, has high unemployment. A number of counties in southeast Ohio have double-digit unemployment. Many people in that region are talking about and focused on unemployment, solely as their economic concern."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : None found - the turn \"the economy\" appears to have its literal meaning as the main issue of concern.","questions":"How can a candidate campaigning in Ohio face difficulties when talking about the economy?","answer":"multiple"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. Staycation. It's one of those newfangled words that's caught on fast. A vacation is when you vacate. You take off, you stay in a hotel, or camp out, or see the sights. A staycation is - well, you got it. With soaring gas prices and plane tickets, this was supposed to be the summer of staying at home. But was that prediction off the mark?If you're thinking about traveling soon or for the winter holidays, what should you keep in mind?With us to talk about both of those issues we've got Madeline Nunn, senior travel agent with the Richmond, Virginia, branch of the American Automobile Association, or Triple-A. Hi, Madeline.","How are you?","I'm great. So, back in May, a Rand McNally survey found that two-thirds of Americans planning road trips this summer said they would shorten their trips or cancel them all together. Summer is wrapping up, so what actually panned out?","Well, actually, the staycation thing is sort of a myth, so to speak, because Americans are traveling. They're traveling because they are hard-working and they need the rest and the revitalization. They need this vacation. So, what we're finding is that they're not staying home, per se. Some are just staying a little closer to home. And sometimes they're limiting the length of time that they may take for this vacation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Contrary to the prediction, many Americans did not cancel their summer road trips","questions":"What did the Rand McNally survey find about Americans' summer road trips?","answer":"Summer"}
{"text":["Hi - so glad to have you with us. And let me start here. Just to recap this war of words, Iran says the U. S.  is lying about where the drone was shot down. The U. S.  says Iran is lying. How are we likely to know?How will this be resolved beyond a take one person's word over the other situation?How do they figure that out?","Well, first, there is, obviously, the release of the actual location data for where the BAMS or Broad Area Maritime Surveillance aircraft was flying. That - hopefully, it will be released shortly by Central Command. But part of it, too, Mary Louise, is the fact that there's absolutely no reason for this aircraft to have to fly over Iran to gather the data that the U. S.  military was interested in gathering.","You're saying there's circumstantial evidence that just - why would it have been there?- which tends to support the U. S.  position.","Well, right. And no U. S.  commander - speaking from experience - would put the aircraft in that kind of a situation. And for your audience, that reason is that, unlike aircraft - surveillance aircraft in the past, the kind of sensor systems that are onboard this drone are such that they can see dozens and dozens and dozens of miles away from the aircraft. So, you know, it's flying up above 50,000 feet over the Strait of Hormuz. It can monitor the entire strait plus see inside Iran without having to fly over it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The US military has evidence to support their claim.","questions":"Which country's claim is being questioned in the dialogue?","answer":"US"}
{"text":["From NPR News, this is News & Notes. I'm Farai Chideya.","It's Uncle Sam to the rescue, but what is the long-term fallout for your mortgage or your community?We're talking about an unprecedented takeover. The federal government has seized the reigns of mortgage giants Freddy Mac and Fannie Mae. Together the companies hold nearly half of the country's mortgages. And here to break down the bailout and other economic news we've got Keith Reed. He's a business reporter for the Cincinnati Enquirer, and he blogs for BET's finance page, Dollar Out Of 15 Cents. Keith, how are you?","How you doing, Farai?","Good. Now give me a really quick hit on what these two entities are and how they've worked with the government until now?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The federal government has taken control of mortgage companies Freddy Mac and Fannie Mae","questions":"What two mortgage companies have been taken over by the federal government?","answer":"FreddyMac"}
{"text":["I was just going to say, would this result, from their point of view, represented defeat?","Definitely. I mean, definitely that they are in a - they lost some seats, first of all, a couple seats. But also, I think, they are definitely concerned about the rise of Yair Lapid with this issue and Netanyahu's agreement to tackle this issue. Netanyahu had actually agreed last year to take on this issue. He - you'll might remember that he formed a larger coalition with the Kadima party, which at that time was very large, and the promise was that they were going to address the draft issue. And they spent about 70 days in this coalition supposedly working on it but it blew up because Netanyahu would not push it with the ultraorthodox. And so the coalition - that coalition fell apart or the Kadima left.","And now, it - he seems to say he's going to do it now. He talks - talked today about the draft as - or the sharing the burden is kind of the terminology here that (unintelligible) of election, share the burden. He mentioned that as one of three principles on what the new coalition will be formed.","And this is also partly in response to rulings from the Israeli courts."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It is being implied that the leader made it difficult for the coalition.","questions":"Which coalition?","answer":"Kadima"}
{"text":["So let's note this is the beginning of the idea of America going out into the world to make the world a better place by force when that seems to make sense to Americans. But there's also the identity of the individuals themselves. What did the personnel of the Rough Riders suggest to Americans about who America was?","Well, this is one of the ironies because one of the things that Roosevelt talked about and one of the things that he valued about the Rough Riders was this was not just his idea about American masculinity but also what in his mind was diversity, but within a very narrowly prescribed idea about what diversity was. They were all white. There were a few Native Americans who were in it. But there were - you know, there were no African Americans. There were there a couple of Hispanics.","But it was this idea of, well, that's what America is. And it was a very prescribed, very male, very white identity. And it linked up with, you know, I think a very chauvinistic idea about what we do with our military. I think this is all intertwined.","What do you mean about what we do with our military?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : America thought it could make the world better by force","questions":"How did the Rough Riders personnel represent diversity according to A?","answer":"White"}
{"text":["I understand, Mr.  Doyle, that you and other members of the Watergate investigation team still with us - well, you have reunions now and then. And I gather for the first time you had a reunion on the actual anniversary of the Saturday Night Massacre. What are the - my 15 year old now says, you know, what's the tea?What went on there?","Three weeks ago, Saturday night October 20, the Watergate Special Prosecution Force held a reunion. It was the 45th anniversary of the Saturday Night Massacre. None of the senior leaders are any longer with us. But the young idealists who had been in their 20s back when we began, they all showed up in their 60s and 70s as earnest as ever, as idealistic as ever and still full of hope.","Sorry.","No, I think someone was talking to you, telling you that, I think, we're running out of time. But did you want to make the final point?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The 15-year-old is asking for the details of the reunion, not the tea","questions":"Which anniversary was the reunion held on?","answer":"Anniversary"}
{"text":["You know, in the post-Katrina era, Scott, the assumption has been that when a hurricane comes, you focus on that and set other things aside. So it was jarring when the president went ahead with his summit with Kanye West. And as you say, it was a major full-media presence in the Oval Office.","But the president's theme all week has been to keep the focus on the president. He's had a flurry of news availabilities - way more than usual. In fact, in the last month, he's had more than in all the time previously in his presidency - very flashy events, campaign rallies around the country, night after night.","And that happens just as the cable operations - television, news - has - well, they've begun to lose interest in some of those rallies. They're not covering them from beginning to end anymore, sometimes not covering them all - at all, perhaps because they do seem to be news-free campaign events, and maybe because they've become so frequent.","Does this week's sudden stock sell-off raise questions about what had seemed to be so much good news about the economy, including that historically low unemployment rate?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The president's decision to meet with Kanye West during a hurricane was inappropriate","questions":"What was the president's focus during the week?","answer":"Himself"}
{"text":["A few names come to mind when you say Hoosier basketball: Larry Bird, Gene Hackman, who was in a movie, and Bob Knight, about whom they make movies. Bob Knight coached three Indiana University teams to three NCAA championship titles and, a record of which he's equally proud, almost all of his players graduated. Mr.  Knight left Indiana after a controversy involving his treatment of players. He went on to coach at Texas Tech and is now retired from coaching and is a featured commentator for ESPN's college basketball coverage. He has a new book in which he lays out the philosophy of his coaching and how it might apply to life: \"The Power of Negative Thinking. \"Coach Bob Knight joins us now from the studios of ETV Radio in Columbia, South Carolina. Thanks very much for being with us.","I'm happy to be here.","You say you want to help people take off their rose-colored glasses. What do you mean?","Well, I think that we as a people are always prone to think about, well, tomorrow will be a better day. Well, why will it be a better day?And I think the more that we believe in doing things better, doing the right thing rather than hoping that that's going to happen, let's make it happen. And that's kind of how I looked at coaching in all the years that I coached."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : none","questions":"Which studio did Coach Bob Knight join from for the interview?","answer":"ESPN"}
{"text":["It is John McCain's night tonight. He's got to deliver the speech. You're widely acknowledged as one of the best speech writers in the country. What would you - what would you ask of Senator McCain tonight?","We've had a wonderful opportunity to hear about his biography and he's been praised by others. Not a good idea, ever, to praise yourself. You show what you are. You don't tell people what you are. Now he has to make the case as to how what he wants to do connects with the interests of ordinary people. Through his - through the past half dozen years, McCain's interest in reform - he had a very keen interest in reform, but it's tended not to touch much on bread-and-butter issues.","Most people don't see a connection with their lives and, say, campaign finance, whether McCain is right or wrong. Now he needs to show, I care about the things you care about. I'm not just a Washington insider. And he needs to connect his agenda on healthcare - which is hugely important - on energy, on taxes, all of those things, the pocketbook of middle-income people who basically have not done that well out of the past eight years.","David Frum, former presidential speech writer for George Bush and a blogger at National Review Online. David, thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Senator McCain needs to connect with ordinary people and their interests, especially on pocketbook issues like healthcare, energy, and taxes.","questions":"Which issues should Senator McCain connect with to appeal to ordinary people?","answer":"healthcare"}
{"text":["What kind of inspiration did it take to make you into a poet?Who did you read?When did you start reading, or did someone read to you as a child that made you love poetry?","I started reading at the age of three, and I like to think that it's because of my parents, who were working-class people, who only had - both my mother and father only graduated from the eighth grade. So that they read, and they read a lot. And put their arms around me while they read. And I'm convinced that that has a lot to do with getting you to understand how to read. I would look at their mouths and I'd look at the page, and somehow, I figured it out. Then I tortured everybody by reading every sign, everything, which I still do.","So if you had to name a few other people, and I'm sure there'd be a long list. But just one or two people who you love.","Gwendolyn Brooks, Langston Hughes, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Kenneth Rexroth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker lists some of their favorite poets.","questions":"How did the speaker respond to PersonB's question about their favorite poets?","answer":"List"}
{"text":["(Singing) Saw my father in a dream last night. He was smiling and saying you're going to be all right. And this morning I stared back at myself, feeling as empty as I've ever felt. But I keep on rolling, and I hope I've learned more of what's right than what's wrong. It's ashes and roses and time that burns when you're chasing what's already gone. Ashes and roses and hearts that break. I tried so hard to be strong. But maybe my worst but not my first mistake. Chasing what's already gone. Mm-hmm. Hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey. Chasing what's already gone.","Thank you.","Mary Chasing - Mary Chapin Carpenter, \"Chasing What's Already Gone. \"She is good on guitar but she is not that good. She had some help from John Jennings, who's also with us here in the studio.","And I have to - that line, saw my father in a dream last night, smiling and saying, you're going to be all right. It seems like that must have been one of those events, his death, that you think you have to write about and you sit there and think, oh, God, what am I going to say?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is reflecting on their mistakes and hoping to learn from them.","questions":"What was the line that touched PersonA the most in the song mentioned by B?","answer":"Saw"}
{"text":["Jamal Khashoggi's eldest son was photographed meeting the crown prince earlier this week. For a lot of people, it was heart-rending to see. And it was announced shortly after he'd be allowed to travel to the U. S.  We gather, according to reports, he's arrived there. Is it possible someone told him pose with the prince and you can get out of here?","Absolutely. There's no question. The royal family had banned him from traveling since his father had left the kingdom to go into exile. And there had to be a lot of behind-the-scenes maneuvering, including requests specifically by the United States and Secretary of State Pompeo to allow him to leave the country and join his brothers in the United States. Three of Khashoggi's sons are American citizens, and I gather the fourth son was not.","The head of the CIA, Gina Haspel, was in Turkey this week being briefed. What do we know about what she was told and what she did?","Well, the CIA hasn't provided specifics, but it's been widely reported that she listened to this alleged tape of Jamal's last moments and what happened to him inside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul. I mean, this is going to be a pivotal moment for the Trump administration. It has to make a very hard call - what to do about an ally that has been pivotal in three of President Trump's five most important foreign policy goals."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The United States government intervened to secure the safe departure of Jamal Khashoggi's son, despite the Saudi royal family's ban on his travel.","questions":"How did the US government help Jamal Khashoggi's son?","answer":"Departure"}
{"text":["And the damage that has been done and that has been wrought does not appear to be facing any kind of true reconciliation or any kind of true reckoning. There's a lack of justice. There's a lack of accountability. And there's the presence of an incredible amount of impunity.","Well, take me into Syria. What are people feeling there now after these eight long years?","You know, it really depends on where you're situated and how you're situated. And a lot of Syrians are now outside of Syria. I, myself, haven't been back since 2013.","I think people right now are in a place of absolute exhaustion, whether they're, you know, see themselves as amongst the victors or not. It took an incredible toll. And the death and the destruction, as you've noted, is incredible."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The damage itself can not face anything. The cause of the damage, the person or people are what is meant here.","questions":"What does the lack of justice and accountability show in turn 0?","answer":"Impunity"}
{"text":["Thanks. Glad to be with you.","So what we've been hearing a lot about is basically just a failure of these negotiations to move forward. Before we get to the nuts and bolts of it, from an economic level, how are people in Detroit dealing with what appears to be a reluctance on the part of the federal government to really enter into a bailout?","Well, I think there are really two key emotions that are at play in Detroit right now. One is fear. People are very scared because the auto industry is so important to metro Detroit, thousands and thousands and thousands of jobs. If one or more of the automakers were to go under, the ripple effect here would be catastrophic because the plant is affected and then the suppliers are affected and the restaurants are affected and the shopping malls are affected. So there'd be such a horrible cascading effect.","So fear is number one, and I think number two is anger. People see how roughly the automakers were treated, and people feel that they were being treated as autoworkers, roughly as well, when at the same time you see, you know, on a Sunday night Citibank gets $20 billion without a second thought. So people here are very angry about the different treatments Wall Street and the automakers have received."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The treatment of the automakers in comparison to Wall Street has caused anger and frustration among people in Detroit.","questions":"Which emotion is number one in Detroit right now?","answer":"Fear"}
{"text":["Well, I mean, he's basically had to divest himself of things so that there was no conflict with him working for the government, having had been at Goldman. In that respect, he's gotten, you know, some of those conflicts out of the way already.","There's going to be a conflict of interests in this program. I mean, the asset manager that they hire, they're going to have to have experience managing the kind of assets that the Treasury wants to buy. And so they probably will own some of these assets or manage assets for other clients, for pension funds, for other investors. And so there are going to be huge conflicts. And the Treasury is struggling right now with how to make sure those conflicts are as minimal as possible.","Is there another potential problem that Neel Kashkari is not going to be in Washington much longer if there's a change in administrations. And that that'll cause some kind of turbulence, and, for that matter, Secretary Paulson might not be in place come January.","You're right. There is going to be a huge reshuffling. I mean, four months is not a long time, and it's not the best time to be changing shifts. But it happens, and the Treasury is already working on a transition team trying to make sure that they keep the Obama and the McCain campaigns abreast of what they're doing. And then, after November, they plan to work pretty hard with whomever they designate as a Treasury Secretary."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Neel Kashkari had to divest himself of things to avoid conflicts.","questions":"How did Neel Kashkari avoid conflicts?","answer":"Divest"}
{"text":["The director of the U. S.  Census Bureau, John H.  Thompson, announced his retirement this week in the wake of a disagreement with Congress over funding for the 2020 census. The census is conducted every 10 years. The results determine how many seats in Congress and electoral votes that each state receives, and it helps guide how more than $400 billion is spent each year on education, health and infrastructure.","We're joined now by Robert Groves. He's former director of the U. S.  Census Bureau. He's now the provost of Georgetown University. Mr.  Groves, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning. Great to be with you.","Congress has approved nearly $1. 5 billion to fund the census this fiscal year, and it's supposed to be the same for next year. Is that enough?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that Congress' budget for the census may be insufficient for the project.","questions":"How much did Congress approve for funding the census this fiscal year?","answer":"$1.5"}
{"text":["When you start talking about terrorists network, then of course it gets to be real big. In fact, the reason the NSA and now the FBI want to dragnet information about everybody is the bigger the network is that you perform it on, the more accurate the results you're going to get. So when you take this idea that can be applied to \"Game Of Thrones\" and plug it into the network of everybody that's on the internet and everybody that's using mobile phones, which the NSA can do thanks to enormous computing power, then you get results that you wouldn't be able to figure out any other way because things surface that would be otherwise lost in the sea of communications.","Have you applied this to any other endeavors?","Yeah, in fact my own institute at Stanford did this a few years ago to look at entrepreneurship and start-up companies. We did one study where we compared Stanford, Harvard, Berkeley and MIT to see which one was the most entrepreneurial and in terms of start-up companies and the companies that they - how much money they make and so forth. And in the case of that, Stanford came out way at the top of the pile, as we expected which is. . .","Oh, oh, what a surprise. Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  implies a question asking if the idea has been used in any other contexts.","questions":"How did the PersonA's institute at Stanford apply the idea of a network to study entrepreneurship and start-up companies?","answer":"Entrepreneurship"}
{"text":["UNIDENTIFIED REPORTER #2: Under the command of General Eisenhower, Allied naval forces supported by strong air forces began landing Allied armies this morning on the northern coast of France.","Ships deposited more than 150,000 Allied troops on the beaches of Normandy. German forces were waiting in the cliffs above, and they unleashed. Meanwhile, paratroopers boarded planes, took to the air and dropped behind enemy lines.","Oh, it was a lot of noise - one after another.","What did it sound like?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Allied forces have made a successful landing on Normandy","questions":"How many troops were deposited on the beaches of Normandy?","answer":"150,000"}
{"text":["In terms of the treatment that you had, briefly tell us about it. What worked?What was it that helped you seemingly perhaps the most?","Well, I'd not like to be pompous and have an ego rush here. I think what happened to me is but for the grace of God, I've been able to move forward. And what has happened for me is I've been given some willingness, the willingness to follow directions, the willingness to own the fact that I have caused some very sincere emotional, physical, and spiritual damage to some other people, and then accept a way in which to address those things at the best of my ability. So, I think that the question seems to ask me, what have I done?And that is absolutely be willing to a different direction than the direction I was traveling in.","So, are you now providing treatment for others?And I don't mean that in a clinical sense, but support, help, understanding, perhaps?","I think, what I've been doing is what was so freely given to me, I've been free to give back to others.","You look happy. You're smiling. You look - you seem healthy. And as you look - this is my final question. As you look back on how you fell into the spiral and then how you spiraled out of it, do you recognize triggers now?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker attributes their recovery to divine intervention and a change in attitude.","questions":"What does the speaker attribute their recovery to?","answer":"Willingness"}
{"text":["And so you thought, wow. I never thought about how terrible that might - to be on that boat with all those creatures for so long.","Yeah. It seemed like a totally terrifying prospect to me to not only know that you had to keep them alive because you were the only reason life would continue post-flood but then also that they were dangerous. And they - you know, even if you go to a farm that's lovely, it still smells or petting zoos or all these things I was doing with my young son. I was like, wow. This smells. And we're, like, out in the open. Imagine on a boat (laughter). And I'm really interested in biology and bodies and, you know, as much as we are shedding and getting oily, like, so are the animals. And - but she has to not only take care of herself but take care of all of them and their super varied needs.","Well, you mentioned bodies. And that's the perfect segue way to the fact that there's, actually, a fair amount of what I would call erotica in this book.","Sure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : none","questions":"Which turn mentions the book having erotica?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["And Border Patrol agents are making a lot of trips to the hospital with sick children up and down the Southwest border - nearly 70 kids a day since December, they say. But immigration officials say it's just hard to keep up with the sheer numbers here. It's putting a huge strain on resources, and they're asking Congress for billions of additional dollars to deal with it.","In the meantime, what more have you learned in your reporting about the death of Carlos Hernandez Vasquez?","Well, a couple of things. One thing that really stands out is that Carlos Hernandez Vasquez died in a Border Patrol station. The previous migrant children who died were taken to the hospital first; Hernandez Vasquez was not even though immigration authorities clearly knew that he was sick. He was diagnosed with the flu by a nurse practitioner.","On the same day, Customs and Border Protection moved him to a different Border Patrol station where they could separate him from the other migrants to stop the spread of the flu. Even Health and Human Services officials were concerned about how ill he was. This is the agency that's responsible for long-term care of unaccompanied children. And HHS decided that Hernandez Vasquez could not be flown to a shelter in Florida because of his illness. So in retrospect, critics say it's hard to see why they did not take him to the hospital."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The death of Carlos Hernandez Vasquez could have been prevented if he had been taken to the hospital","questions":"What agency was responsible for the long-term care of unaccompanied children?","answer":"Health"}
{"text":["Well, you know, we had lots of time to prepare the movie, so we knew what we wanted to do. But then, you know, in a very pragmatic way, I am with the actors, and he is with the cinematographer. And most of the time, it's very fine. But sometimes - like, I don't agree with the one framing, and he does not agree with some direction of acting. And then we start yelling at each other, and it's really bad. And then, you know, we are so angry that, you know - like, we pray God that the other one will - dies. And then we sleep, and then that is the day after. And then we are friends again.","Well, let me ask you about working with actors because unlike your graphic novels - when you can move people around - the actor shines through.","Absolutely.","And does that change?Is that a little frustrating for the creator of the material?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In (2), B asks about working with actors and acknowledges that the actor's performance is distinct from the creator's vision in graphic novels. The literal meaning of the words is straightforward and does not imply any additional or hidden meanings. However, the implied meaning is that B is curious about the challenges A faces in collaborating with actors, and whether A finds it frustrating to work with actors who have their own interpretation of the material.","questions":"How does PersonB acknowledge the difference between working with actors and creating graphic novels in the dialogue?","answer":"Distinct"}
{"text":["Where to begin the week in politics?The Mooch removed, the White House staff shaken - if not stirred - more leaks, a rally and more developments in the Russian investigation. In studio, we have Molly Ball, staff writer who covers politics for The Atlantic. Molly, thanks for being back with us.","I'm glad to be here.","Isn't that what we got in the news business?It's never dull, is it?","It really has not been. And in a way, this White House is really a gift to all of us in the journalistic community. When we might have traditionally been slacking off for the summer, particularly on the political beat - there's usually sort of a summer doldrums - but no, we have the bounty of news that seems to flood every week out of Washington."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Molly is glad to be part of the news business, since there is always something interesting to report on.","questions":"How is Molly feeling about being a part of the news business?","answer":"Glad"}
{"text":["Can I ask you just when you wrote this thread, what prompted it?What was the moment that sort of made you think, this is something I need to write right now?","I live in - I jokingly refer to it as the wilds of Connecticut, and there's nothing wild about it. But I live in the woods about 10 miles away from Sandy Hook. And when that incident happened, my daughter was in elementary school. My son was in middle school. The schools went into lockdown. I think I became radicalized on that day against gun violence. Every time one of these events happens, it affects me really deeply.","And so I found myself on the kitchen floor. My daughter wanted help with her homework, and I was sort of tweeting as she was reading me an essay she was writing. But it - I just felt like I needed to try to say these things in the best way that I knew how in that moment. And I - you know, there was no real forethought to it. It was just a kind of expression of deep, deep sadness.","Michael Ian Black is a comedian, actor and writer. Thank you so much for joining us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Sandy Hook shooting made me strongly against gun violence.","questions":"How did the Sandy Hook shooting incident affect A?","answer":"Radicalized"}
{"text":["What a coincidence. Serendipity.","Absolutely. So this is a very festive lab and we asked if they would look into this and they did, several times over, for us. And so we have the results on Video Pick of the Week is originals of our sample size of one - we should be clear - experiment into this.","Right. And you found that if you out enough - spike your eggnog enough, should we. . .","Well, yes. So you can go to our website for the recipe. But after - the key to this, and actually, we'll have - let's have Vince Fischetti, sort of, give us a little background."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Implying that the conversation is about spiking eggnog with alcohol.","questions":"Which beverage is mentioned in the conversation?","answer":"Eggnog"}
{"text":["Those same streaks are in Europe. We're seeing people who are rebelling against the European Union, the open market, the open borders, who are rebelling against migration and refugees and who have lost out or feel that they have lost out on globalization and trade and are now opposing trade. So the same phenomenon we see here in the United States you also see in Europe. And in that sense, we are having a crisis that really affects Western liberal democracies writ large.","I wonder what you'd say, Mr. Ambassador, to a citizen of Belgium or France who might say now a united Europe is just too bureaucratic and too centralized to protect its population.","Well, I think that is a sentiment you are hearing increasingly in places like Belgium and France that - the problem is that the threat is not just from without but it is also from within. Belgian citizens, people born in Belgium, blew up the metro station and airport, where French citizens born in France who blew up the concert hall and stadium in - last November.","That threat needs to be dealt with not only by the countries themselves but can more effectively be dealt with by the Europeans coming together, sharing intelligence, which is not what they're doing right now, protecting their external borders much better than they have been able to do, rather than each individually trying to deal with this challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : That threat needs to be dealt with not only by the countries themselves but can more effectively be dealt with by the Europeans coming together, sharing intelligence, which is not what they're doing right now, protecting their external borders much better than they have been able to do, rather than each individually trying to deal with this challenge.\"  The actual meaning implied here is that the threat mentioned should not be solely addressed by individual countries acting alone, but it would be more effective if European nations collaborate and work together. It suggests that collective action and cooperation among European countries are crucial for effectively combating the mentioned threat.","questions":"What is the solution suggested by the ambassador for dealing with the mentioned threat?","answer":"Europeannations"}
{"text":["Well, prior to me going to medical school, I was actually a vegetarian. I was a martial artist. And I got exposed to concepts of diet and nutrition as it impacted health, and I got exposed to concepts of energy with respect to martial arts practice. And I really didn't see any of that in my medical school experience. Along with that, I had a just really open-ended approach to looking at medicine.","Being an African-American, I was not one of the good old boys in medical school. So you can either try hard to be a part of that club, or you can say to yourself, well, gosh, maybe there's some other things that can actually be explored. So Chinese medicine - I've explored that. I explored classical homeopathy. I explored nutrition. I explored other, particularly African cultural arts. And out of that, it just opened a whole worldview to me.","Give us some specifics on what African traditional medicine might incorporate into your practice.","At the heart of traditional African medicine is God and the ancestors, OK?So now, you have many Africans that want to take advantage of traditional medicine, but they don't want to acknowledge the roots. So the roots, as I'm saying, is understand your relationship with ancestors in terms of ancestors being a part of the community. The use of divination - on the surface, I mean, we've seen different things, maybe on TV or someone is throwing bones or caraway shells and then makes a pronouncement."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Prior to medical school, I gained knowledge of diet and nutrition through martial arts and vegetarianism, which was lacking in my medical education.","questions":"How did PersonA's exposure to concepts of diet and nutrition impact his medical education?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Thank you.","Eduardo, the group of survivors quickly formed a community, sharing tasks, rotating sleeping positions so everyone would get a chance at a more comfortable spot in the wrecked plane. Can you talk a little bit about that?- those first few days.","Yeah. As you can imagine, it has been the most awful, terrible days of my life. It was awful and long nights. We have a very small space. We were 29 people at the first. And we have no warm clothes (ph), no water. We have to melt snow. It was very difficult because the weather was very cold. And the snow was all over the kerosene of the engines of the plane. We are surrounded with our friends, who died. And that first night was really impossible to describe.","Of course, the aspect of the story that has gained the most notoriety was the decision you all made that in order to survive, you would have to start eating your dead friends. And you didn't flinch from describing this in the book. Fairly early on, you say that hearing your cousin Adolfo say out loud what many were thinking - that you were going to have to eat the bodies - gave you a kind of relief. How so?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : MY CAT IS VERY VERY BEAUTIFUL BIRD AND VERY CALM","questions":"What animal is being described as beautiful and calm?","answer":"Cat"}
{"text":["There are probably two or three important things. One is I think it gives you an insight into the company and what they do with the data they gather. Now, Facebook say they don't sell data, but they certainly make money out of it. And I think one of the things that concerned us was whether some of the developers that work with Facebook get preferential access to data depending on how valuable that relationship is. I think there was something else, which is potentially an antitrust issue, which is the dominant position Facebook has I think allows it to pick winners on its platform. There are big questions about the way in which they use their power. The final thing I think which is I think particularly significant is are users giving informed consent when they give data to Facebook?","Mr.  Collins, why should anyone be worried about that?Is it just what you would expect a business to do, maximize the information it has and reward the most promising relationships?","I think we all understand with these sorts of social media tools they're free to use, but in some ways, you're giving your data to the company. The company makes money out of that by selling advertising. But the question is are we giving up far more data than we realize?And then what happens to that data when the company has it?And I think it's right that we have some say and some protection over how it's used.","Do you feel Facebook has been honest with you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : there are concerns about how Facebook uses the data it collects from its users, and whether users are fully aware of the amount of data they are giving up and how it is being used. The speaker suggests that users should have more say in how their data is used and more protection over their privacy. This implies that there may be some issues with how Facebook handles user data and that users may not fully understand the extent of their data sharing.","questions":"How does the speaker suggest users should have more control over their data on Facebook?","answer":"Say"}
{"text":["I don't think they picked Deming necessarily. You know, we just happen to be a big border patrol station as well as our neighboring county. They're dropping off here as well - the Hidalgo County drops here as well.","How are these people - the asylum-seekers being housed in an airport hangar - how are they handling things?","You'd be surprised. I think they're - you know, they're a little - you know, I guess they're a little worried when they first show up. But then, I think, it's actually better than most places they've been, and that's what they tell us. So they have more room and more freedom than most places they've been, so they're actually really happy.","And how is the community of Deming handling this influx of new people?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 'Asylum-seekers are actually really happy' implies that the asylum-seekers are being treated well.","questions":"Which group is implied to be happy?","answer":"Asylum-seekers"}
{"text":["Correct. These are not embryonic stem cells. These are what we would call neural stem cells. In other words, these are stem cells that come from the nervous system.","And why - and, I guess, you give them a little - they have a little head start knowing they're going to be neurons from being injected.","Exactly. Well, they, you know, they have a head start in knowing at least that they're meant to be living in the nervous system, which means that there's a little bit of built-in safety and stability that may not quite exist in cells. They can become and kind cell to.","And how long are they effective for in the life of the mice they're injected into?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Neural stem cells have a better chance of becoming healthy cells.","questions":"Which cells have a higher probability of becoming healthy?","answer":"Neural"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Sterile. Good to drink.","Well, they didn't drink it. They didn't do the ultimate test.","And I don't blame them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The water is so clean that it is safe to drink.","questions":"Which test didn't they do?","answer":"Ultimate"}
{"text":["When you first started out, though, as - performing in those amateur clubs, what was that like?","It was great because it was new. You know, comedy in itself was illegal. We had a few satirists but no - first of all, there were no black comedians. I mean, as a black person you were lucky if you're allowed to speak, never mind tell jokes in public, you know?So we had a few white South Africans who challenged the status quo, guys like Pieter-Dirk Uys, who was a legend in the country, and he got arrested many times. You got arrested if you did that. So for us young-uns, we came up and it was just this free speech - we had verbal diarrhea, just run around and just, you know, I can say this now. I can say anything now and that's what we've been doing.","Where did you learn the technique though?","From my family. Storytelling is an African tradition. You know, you laugh. And if you look at it, the history of comedy has always been strongest amongst the nations who have been persecuted the most. In America, the stronghold of comedy was always amongst Jewish people. And that's what many Jewish families have said, is that without their food and their laughter, they wouldn't have gotten through what happened to them as a people, you know?And that's what happened to black people all over the world. As you learned to find joy in your pain, you know, that's where the music comes from. That's where the culture comes from. That's literally - with the oppression will come the laughter."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) A: \"As you learned to find joy in your pain, you know, that's where the music comes from. That's where the culture comes from. That's literally - with the oppression will come the laughter.\" - The actual meaning here is not that laughter is a direct consequence of oppression, but rather that humor and storytelling can be powerful tools for coping with and resisting oppression, and that they can help build resilience and cultural identity in marginalized communities.","questions":"Which tool can help build resilience and cultural identity in marginalized communities?","answer":"storytelling"}
{"text":["I think I understand the differences between older and younger generations a little more than your average person. My colleagues and I, again, specialize in talking with large corporations and helping them understand street trends and, you know, more kind of what's going on with regular people. And I think that that's one of the problems with economic and social issues in the world today, is that all these big leaders are meeting at places like Davos, and they're coming up with these amazing plans of action and initiatives.","But then, it's hard to relay the message to a younger generation and speak to them in a language that they understand and that they can relate to. So I'm hoping that maybe I can translate that gap a little bit, and help people understand what's really going on.","Rebecca, when you're there at Davos, who are you most looking forward to talking to, and what questions do you think you might ask?","I mean, there's so many people who are going to be there. Kofi Annan, I would love to talk to him. And I just kind of want to find out what these people think about what's going on in the world and the solutions. But maybe more on laymen's term and have them explain, you know, what young people and what individuals can do to make a difference. What someone can do who's maybe not in a position to mingle and brainstorm with other distinguished people at a convention like Davos."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to relate to means to like something on a personal level, that you personally can like and understand.","questions":"Which verb indicates personal liking and understanding in the statement?","answer":"Like"}
{"text":["Hobbes wrote about the challenges his generation faces in a December article for Highline, which is put out by the Huffington Post. Its headline, \"Millennials Are Screwed,\" caught our attention this week. And we asked Hobbes to explain his pessimistic prediction.","Healthcare, housing and education are more than five times more expensive than they were for our parents. There are fewer steady jobs. Wages have stagnated since the 1970s. I mean, I can go on and on and on. And so its weird that we're constantly talking about how millennials should do this differently, and millennials should do that differently. But we dont talk that much about - hey, the country around us can do some things differently, too.","So you obviously believe that the baby boomers messed up your life?How did they do that?","Well, I've gotten a lot of emails since the article came out from boomers that are saying, we've fallen off the ladder, too. And if you're 55 years old, there's a lot of discrimination for getting back into the workforce. But what we're seeing is that those impacts are concentrated on the young. So I think there's really three paradigm shifts. The first one is work has become much lower quality, basically - that there's fewer decent jobs now. Many of the jobs that are available are contingent work or sort of have been farmed out to contractors. Many fewer jobs provide things like pension, benefits or health care these days."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"messed up\" means to cause problems or difficulties, not that something was physically destroyed or ruined.","questions":"Which word in turn 2 has a specific meaning that is different from its literal definition?","answer":"Difficulties"}
{"text":["Help us understand. Just how good were the Lightning before this collapse?","Oh, quite good. They had 62 wins in the regular season. That tied the all-time NHL record for wins in a season. This was a team that was doing historic things in the regular season. Consider this. Thirty of their 62 victories were by three goals or more. So every time they stepped on the ice, they weren't just winning. They were blowing away their opponents.","So it's safe to say any sane hockey analyst (laughter) basically would have said that the Lightning was going to win the series, right?So what happened?","(Laughter) Well, I think Lightning defenseman Ryan McDonagh put it best. Everything that they did so well in the regular season, the Columbus Blue Jackets did it better in this series. But the bigger picture is this for the Lightning. They clinched a playoff spot in early March. They've been on cruise control for months. The Columbus Blue Jackets had to win seven of their last eight games just to get into the playoffs. So when push came to shove and adversity hit in the series, the Lightning had a bad six days compared to a great 82 games in the regular season, and then they were swept."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"blowing away\" in line 2 - The phrase \"blowing away\" is being used metaphorically here to refer to the Tampa Bay Lightning's dominant performance against their opponents, rather than literal blowing.","questions":"What phrase was being used metaphorically in line 2?","answer":"Blowing"}
{"text":["Sure, thanks for having me.","It wasn't so long ago that rich Russians were strutting a little. What's happened?","Well, just what you described. There's been fall in the oil prices, which has had a big effect on the ruble; exacerbated by the sanctions, in my view, and suddenly a confident Putin and a confident Russia is no more. I think growth is next to zero by the end of the year and many people are predicting negative four - maybe even negative 5 - percent economic contraction next year.","Does anyone in Russia say - are they bold enough to now say in public that invading Crimea doesn't look like such a smart move?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of repetition or emphasis on certain words may convey a hidden or implied meaning, such as sarcasm, irony, or frustration, that complements or contrasts with their words.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue may convey a hidden meaning?","answer":"hidden"}
{"text":["We argued that six months was way, way too short. You're talking about trying to go into archives, documents, find materials. Unfortunately, this was what was included in the legislation. And we've urged the Polish government to open that deadline - indeed, to open the program to people who never filed claims or for whom no claim - buildings for which no claims were filed.","But the Polish government didn't agree.","Unfortunately not. We're hoping that the Polish government will look again at this issue and make this process easier not only in terms of the deadline but also what documentation is required. Make sure that archives are open and material is accessible because if you have a right and legislation but not the means to enforce it - and particularly for many of the Holocaust survivors and their families, virtually all of whom live outside of Poland, it's very difficult. They don't speak the language. They don't live in the country. To address even the administrative issues is extremely difficult.","And what makes this important, so many years after the terrible events we're talking about - after the crimes we're talking about?","We're facing a situation where, in the next few years, we will be living in a world where there won't be Holocaust survivors. It's a population, obviously, that's very elderly, very sick and passing away very rapidly. So we think it's a matter of justice and morality to address and to conclude this issue before that last of that generation disappears."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Unfortunately not. We're hoping that the Polish government will look again at this issue and make this process easier not only in terms of the deadline but also what documentation is required. Make sure that archives are open and material is accessible because if you have a right and legislation but not the means to enforce it - and particularly for many of the Holocaust survivors and their families, virtually all of whom live outside of Poland, it's very difficult. They don't speak the language. They don't live in the country. To address even the administrative issues is extremely difficult.  The implied meaning of A's statement is that the Polish government did not comply with their previous request or suggestion. A expresses hope that the government will reconsider the issue and make the process more convenient, not just regarding the deadline but also in terms of required documentation. They emphasize the challenges faced by Holocaust survivors and their families who live outside of Poland, including language barriers and administrative difficulties.","questions":"How did PersonA suggest the Polish government could make the process easier?","answer":"Reconsider"}
{"text":["Every administration has some level of dysfunction. But in a White House that is running somewhat more smoothly than this one, how would this work when it's a well-oiled machine or something close to it?","Well, I was involved in a similar case back in the Clinton presidency when we were examining someone for a high position in national security and seemed like a very fine candidate. But then we began to learn things about his past that were troubling. Red flags started to go up. And we went to the president and said, Mr.  President, there are some real problems here; these are very problematic. And the nominations then just disappeared.","So the public didn't know about it at that point.","The public didn't know and still doesn't know, and I don't think it's fair to the individual. His name was never put into play. I think his privacy should be protected since he wasn't seeking a job; he didn't - wasn't nominated. Here's the thing that also mystifies me because there's so much about this is strange. You would think that candidate himself, knowing how the system works, knowing that there's going to be deep scrutiny - you would think that the potential nominee would go to the chief of staff of the White House and say, we need to talk, and volunteer the information so there can be no misunderstandings along the way instead of having a situation here where people just sat on the information clearly some people knew."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The candidate had something troubling in their past.","questions":"What was the issue with the candidate's past?","answer":"Issue"}
{"text":["And obviously, Florida is a very important state. It's no coincidence he's kicking off his campaign there. Where else do you expect to see President Trump in the months ahead?","So he'll be back in Florida; we know that for sure. It's a key state in that he isn't president without winning Florida, and he needs it for re-election. But you can also expect to see him in those other states that he won very narrowly in the upper Midwest - Wisconsin, Michigan. And the campaign is stretching. They want insurance. And at this point, they have money. They've been fundraising since Inauguration Day. And they are stretching, trying to reach into states you wouldn't expect, like Minnesota or even New Mexico and New Hampshire, which Hillary Clinton won last time around.","That's NPR White House correspondent Tamara Keith at President Trump's rally in Orlando, Fla. Thanks, Tam.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : President Trump's campaign is targeting swing states and expanding beyond the states he won in 2016","questions":"Which states is President Trump's campaign expanding to?","answer":"Wisconsin,Michigan,Minnesota,New,Mexico,Hampshire"}
{"text":["The schemes that Vee and Noel eventually come up with - they begin collecting for the Dunkirk Widows and Orphans Fund. . .","That's right.",". . . Which is their own pockets. They're illegal, but were they wrong?","That's the whole dilemma. It's wrong, but Noel decides it is a lesser wrong than a crime he stumbles upon later in the book because it hurts no one. And it's this distinction between legally wrong and morally wrong which sets the whole plot on course in the second half when Vee and Noel come across someone who really is causing pain and trouble to other people by their illegal activities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : their own pockets implies that they were collecting money for themselves","questions":"Which fund were Vee and Noel collecting for?","answer":"Dunkirk"}
{"text":["I know it does.","How you doing, Tony?","I'm doing great. Listen, you heard the conversation we just had with Dave Zirin about the intersection of sports and politics. Do you agree with the basic premise that it's an issue that is ongoing and ever changing?","Oh, yeah. Absolutely, you know, Dave makes great points. What I thought was very interesting, Tony, was before the Olympics, LeBron James was going to become very interested, you know, about slave trade, and slavery in Africa. And he was making some points, saying I really want to do this, I think I'm going to do it, I think I'm going to speak out, and by the time they got to the Olympics, Tony, they had sat on LeBron. And suddenly he had changed his tune, he was well, this is nothing but sports, and we just want to keep it to sports. And to me, once again, it reinforces this whole idea of here you've got this team of multi-millionaires led by LeBron and Kobe, and these guys basically were intimidated. They were intimidated into not saying anything. So yeah, sports is very political by definition, and by the absence of it. It's just a phenomenal contradiction."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"I'm doing great\" is just a response to the question in order to lead into the conversation. Tony appears by the conversation to be a bit upset or excited","questions":"How did LeBron James change his tune before the Olympics?","answer":"Sports"}
{"text":["Like, for example, in Denmark, they have these open sandwiches that they're very famous for. And they really say a lot about, you know, Denmark as a country, being a very rich agriculture region, and you see this on these sandwiches. You know, they're fully laden with a huge spectrum of different toppings, very sort of rich and opulent sandwiches that you can't even - you know, you have to eat them from a plate with knife and a fork, right?","Yeah.","And then if you go up to where I grew up, a sandwich there would probably be more of a, you know, a piece of flatbread with a layer of butter and a layer of cheese on it that you would eat standing up. And I think it's a very interesting thing, you know, those things that, you know, are kind of a broader concept exist in a big geographic region but that vary a lot depending on where you are.","Chef Magnus Nilsson of \"The Nordic Cookbook. \"Thank you, chef."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"a sandwich there would probably be more of a, you know, a piece of flatbread with a layer of butter and a layer of cheese on it\" - This turn means that the sandwiches in the region where the speaker grew up are simple and easy to eat on the go, not that they are literally only made with flatbread, butter, and cheese.","questions":"How would you describe the sandwiches in the region where the speaker grew up?","answer":"Simple"}
{"text":["That may be the case, but - I don't have foresight in the future, that could very well be the case. But what we do know now is that there has been a precipitous decline in Harlem's black population. And that decline has taken place over the past two decades, and the main issue has been one of affordability as it is in other inner-city areas - inner-cities across the country. Harlem just mirrors that.","Let me return to one point that you made in terms of certain historical facts. About Harlem never having been a black community, or even built by blacks. Well I beg to differ with that. And Ms.  Suggs really does not have a grasp on her history. We know from the 1600s that the Dutch arrived in Harlem with slaves who helped to build Harlem. That is from the 1600s because we know about the Harlem Reform Church of the 1600s. And just recently, because of the 125th Street rezoning - a major public policy issue that will change the physical landscape of Harlem - we have in one of the public-mandated environmental impact statement the acknowledgment of an African burial ground which is at 125th Street east of Second Avenue from the 1600s.","So blacks have always had a presence in Harlem. They built Harlem, and so their investment - the historical investment - of blacks in Harlem certainly did not begin with the great migration or the Harlem Renaissance. Blacks' presence in Harlem, their - the building of Harlem certainly precedes that and into the 1600s.","Here's my final question. I have less than a minute for your answer. When a neighborhood gentrifies and it becomes more mixed racially and class-wise, is this more about race or about class?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Harlem has always had a black presence, with blacks helping to build it since the 1600s.","questions":"How long have blacks been a presence in Harlem?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["As for the money that AIG does borrow from the government, the interest rate will be lower. The interest rate the government charged before was very high, and the reason it did this was political. The government knew that taxpayers wouldn't like lending AIG money. So, they wanted to take - make some of the terms of the loan pretty harsh so no one could come back and say, you know, this was some kind of sweetheart deal. Well, now the rate is going to be much more manageable. The company will have more time to pay it off.","Now, in exchange for this, AIG will have to agree to restrictions on financial compensation for five top executives. AIG, as you may remember, got into a lot of trouble because it sent some agents on expensive treatments to spas in California right after receiving the bailout. So, this compensation is kind of a sensitive issue for the company.","And what about taxpayers?Can we expect to get any of that money back from AIG at some point?","Well, as I said, you know, the government is going to be buying $40 billion in AIG stock. The money will come from the big, $700 billion bailout plan that Congress approved in September. You know, some of that, taxpayers presumably will get back if stock goes up. You know, but nobody really knows."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : AIG will have to agree to restrictions on executive compensation because of past misuse of bailout money.","questions":"Which company had issues with executive compensation?","answer":"AIG"}
{"text":["Investors are ecstatic about central bankers working there. Listen to this, the German DAX Index up about 10 percent, the French CAC 40, up more than nine percent. Now, they are both measures like the Dow 30, which on Wall Street jumped 500 points in the morning.","In Britain, Prime Minister Gordon Brown put $65 billion of government money into three British banks. NPR's Rod Gifford is in London. We're going to him. Rob, hello. I think that people are saying it is this British plan, the so-called British plan that seems to be may be spurring a little bit of a recovery around the world. What is the British government doing, and what does it want in return?","Well, as you say, Alex, Gordon Brown is getting a lot of kudos from this, because he was the one who put this plan forward last week. What they're doing, as you say, is to put a lot of government money that is taxpayer's money, $65 billion worth of it, into three British banks into order to - they hope - free up the bank to bank lending, and the whole crisis of confidence that has struck British banks as it has done elsewhere.","In return - some very important conditions they want in return. Right upfront, leaders of these banks that have got into trouble must step down. Bonuses are being frozen for other executives who stay on and crucially, the demand that these banks maintain mortgage lending and small-business lending at 2007 levels, levels of last year."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Gordon Brown's plan is earning him praise, but it involves using taxpayer money to bailout three British banks and impose conditions on the banks in exchange for the money.","questions":"How much money is the British government putting into three British banks as part of Gordon Brown's plan?","answer":"$65"}
{"text":["And does it help to have someone like Drake courtside (laughter)?","I think for some people it does. I think the power of celebrity is something that is immensely powerful. And he's someone that just adds to the level of attention that's happening here. This is going to be the first championship series for a major sport in Canada in the Internet era, and every bit of notoriety helps, and Drake is a part of that.","Bruce Arthur, sports columnist for the Toronto Star. Thank you for talking about the Raptors with us, and best of luck.","Absolutely. My pleasure. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Drake contributes to the publicity of the Raptors' championship series","questions":"How does Drake impact the Raptors' championship series?","answer":"Adds"}
{"text":["And a few facts to guard those younger than you and me. Britain seized the Falklands in 1833, illegal then and illegal now, according to Argentina, which calls them the Malvinas. Every Argentine school child learns Islas Malvinas son Argentinas, but the roughly 3,200 residents adamantly insist they and the Falklands are and will always be British. But Jackson Diehl, none of that has changed since the end of the war three decades ago. Why has this dispute reemerge now?","I think it has to do with Argentine politics more than anything else. The reason the Argentine junta in 1982, military generals in charge at the time, invaded the Falklands, was they were desperate to distract popular attention from the fact that the economy was tanking and that they were losing their legitimacy. Now we have a civilian government in power, which, to its credit, doesn't want to invade the Falklands, but it has the same difficult economic problems again and it has the same problems with potentially losing legitimacy at home. And this is a very easy way to distract people.","This time, though, there is no hint of military action.","There isn't. And I think the interesting thing about this government is they have cut the Argentine military budget so severely in the last few years that even if Argentina wanted to invade the Falklands, they would be incapable of doing so. So that's one good thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue suggests that the speaker may not be fully expressing their true thoughts on the Argentine military budget?","answer":"Tur3"}
{"text":["They know - they see the world as a number of systems. You know, a matrix is a system stuck together, and they know we're vulnerable at a lot of different points. And that's the reason we're seeing more and more groups using these kinds of methods.","They're formidable. I mean, nobody should think of this as a terribly unequal struggle between, you know, the international community and the terrorist. They're a formidable opponent, and we need to act across a broad spectrum to stop them.","So what can be done about this opponent?","We recommend - we have a lot of recommendations. We think they're very practical. It can be done. Some of them are internal in the government themselves. There are internal changes Congress needs to make so that it can be more effective in this, and other commissions have recommended them. Now, let's do it. Let's get it done."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The opponent is using complex systems to attack us","questions":"How does the opponent attack us?","answer":"Systems"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Why has the price gone up in recent years?","Prices will rise to whatever the market will bear, right?We see that uniquely in the U. S.  One vial of insulin in the U. S.  costs seven times what it does in Germany. So there's a huge disparity there. Some of the reasons have to do with reformulations of insulin that are, in fact, better than some of the older ones. Although, when I'm talking about that 1 in 7 price comparison, that's the same exact insulin.","In the U. S. , what's happened - and this is something that I know the Trump administration is looking at and many experts in the field have decried - the slow arrival of biosimilars or generic insulins onto the market, which are on the market in other countries. The problem in this country is the lowering of prices of insulin. And insulin patents have been held up in the courts for years now in suits and countersuits between the three big insulin drug makers, including by Eli Lilly, which is the former employer of our new HHS Secretary.","That's Alex Azar - has been appointed Secretary of Health and Human Services."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A's turn has a figurative meaning as it uses a common expression \"Prices will rise to whatever the market will bear\" to convey the idea that the prices of goods will be as high as the market can tolerate.","questions":"How does PersonA explain the difference in insulin prices between the US and Germany?","answer":"reformulations"}
{"text":["It's nice to be here, Neal. How are you?","I'm good. Thanks. That first phone call - well, just sort of out of curiosity, I assume.","The first call that I made to Alan?Yeah, it was a funny feeling of both, obviously, curiosity and a strange sensation of being crowded in my own skin by another guy who had my same name.","And he turned out to be - well, debonair might be the word."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  is that Neal is asking if the first phone call was made out of curiosity. ","questions":"What word describes the person who Alan turned out to be, according to PersonB's statement?","answer":"Charming"}
{"text":["Smaller splinters of gangs.","Exactly, a small splinter of a gang. And I think that everybody just wants to be the man. Things was a lot different when I was a kid, though. Back then, you could probably ask a kid who they wanted to be when they grew up, and they would probably say a teacher or a doctor. And now, you probably would get something like I want to be like my big homie. I want to be OG. Like, this is the only thing that they're exposed to, so this is all they can aspire to be.","Are you afraid to go out of your apartment?","If I was afraid all the time, I probably wouldn't be in this line of business, which is HugsNoSlugs. I started this movement to try to bring more positivity into the poverty-stricken areas of Chicago. And I see a lot of really good people in these neighborhoods. These people have hearts, too."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: The speaker is not afraid of going out of their apartment; instead, they are motivated by their desire to bring positivity to their community and recognize the potential of the people in poverty-stricken neighborhoods.","questions":"How is the speaker motivated to bring positivity to their community?","answer":"Desire"}
{"text":["I won't give away the end of the book, but Jay really evolves in terms of how he feels about the Philippines and what he wants his next moves to be after he discovers what's happened to his cousin. What do you think that character in particular says about the relationship between an immigrant, their country of origin, and then the country that they're expected to eventually go home to when the two-week break is over, the family visit is over?","I think it says that there is this connection, but I think also if you are to foster that connection, kind of make it something meaningful, you want to acknowledge kind of what you don't know. And then two, learn. And doing those things kind of strengthens that connection, and I think one ends up with a stronger sense of who they are, especially somebody with, like, a dual identity. It can kind of lessen or mitigate those feelings of, you know, not being something enough, right?Not being Filipino enough, or not being whatever the second piece of the identity is.","Randy Ribay is author of the novel \"Patron Saints Of Nothing. \"Randy, thanks so much for coming on.","Yeah. Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Jay's character development highlights the complexities of an immigrant's relationship with their home and adopted countries.","questions":"How does Jay's character development reflect an immigrant's relationship with their countries?","answer":"Complexities"}
{"text":["That's a harsh statement. I mean, you know, some of us were expecting - I mean because this is a very delicate matter for Barack Obama. On the one hand he wants to keep those civil rights establishment figures behind him, supporting him throughout this general election period, but at the same time he knows well that if he can create a little bit of distance with Jesse Jackson, he may be able to pull on more moderate Democrats, white and black, and maybe even some moderate Republicans.","But Jesse Jackson, Jr.  seems to have taken the lead and seems particularly angry and personally offended by what his father had done. And it suggests that the relationship there is somewhat fractured as well.","Let's go deeper, linguistically into this. When, at the time that I spoke with Reverend Jackson, and this was yesterday, we believed, knowing what we did, we being most of the press, that he had said that Senator Obama had emasculated himself. As it turned out, the phrase was much rougher and much more, you know, I want to blank, blank, blank. Is there a difference between those two ways, neither of them particularly nice, of parsing out lack of manhood?","Well, you know, I actually read that slightly differently. When I heard about the specific comments and the castration and sort of the anger in which it was delivered, even though it was a whisper of. I immediately began to think back historically about, you know, the ways and which powerful black men, or uppity black men were punished."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The press misunderstood Jackson's comment as emasculation, but it was actually more severe","questions":"How did the press initially interpret Jackson's comment?","answer":"Emasculation"}
{"text":["(Laughing) And the cover of the New York Post a couple days ago, \"Don't Let the Door Hit You. \"","Yeah. So sensitive is the New York Post. This was a guy whose first year, his nickname was the Man-genius, and that quickly came undone.","Devolved. OK, but what about Mike Shanahan of the Denver Broncos?I mean, he was there for 14 years. He won two Super Bowls. Why was he let go?","It's amazing. For about 10 years, you couldn't say the name Mike Shanahan without saying offensive genius. And I don't know if a lot of people thought that he lost the offensive genius, but there were circumstances to his firing. His team lost its last three games. If you end the season . 500, you know, with eight wins and eight loses, it's better to do it on an uptick than a downtick."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mike Shanahan was fired despite his past success due to recent poor performance.","questions":"Which coach was fired despite past success?","answer":"Mike-Shanahan"}
{"text":["Africa is a continent wanting to change something. You know, everybody have to think what to do to give best future for the Africa, give hope to the young in Africa. And African young can have hope in Africa and make something in Africa and believe in Africa.","You've seen so much of the world. But why don't you take us to your childhood in Mali. And it's a country I've always wanted to visit. I've never been there, but I love the musical traditions and the long history of it being a nation with a lot of learning. What was it like for you growing up, and when did you start playing music?","I grew up in Mali, normally, like, with mother and father, you know what I mean, a lot of brothers and sisters. We are all together in the same house and is a great time, because is really happiness and very hot. Hot relationship and then a lot of good grand, grand ambience.","Well, let me jump in and ask you, when did you start playing music?What did you start playing and how old were you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A had a happy childhood in Mali with a big family and hot weather","questions":"How was PersonA's childhood in Mali?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["Yeah. So let's take Muslim China, you know, the western part of China - Uighur country. They use lamb, which they don't use in the rest of China, or very little. And their noodles are made from wheat. And they have bread. So that region has this food because of its religion and because of its proximity to Turkey.","The reason I called Anissa Helou is because of a dish I've been meaning to make for a long time. In her book, she has two versions - one from Egypt, one from Syria - a nutritious and simple meal made from beans that's perfect for Ramadan or for any time, really - ful medames, or simply ful.","Ful is a very filling dish. So if you ate ful at whatever hour, you could stay without eating anything or feeling very hungry for at least five, six hours.","Helou join me in my kitchen here in D. C.  via video chat to teach me how to make both the Egyptian and the Syrian recipes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Helou is teaching B how to make the Egyptian and Syrian versions of ful medames via video chat.","questions":"Which dish is mentioned in both the Egyptian and Syrian versions that Helou is teaching PersonB how to make?","answer":"Ful"}
{"text":["Well, Jackson had come into my E. R. because he had been shot, and an area surrounding the bullet wound - which was still lodged in his leg - appeared infected. And while I was examining him, a medical student handed me a piece of paper that revealed the results of a microbiological test which showed that Jackson had contracted a superbug.","And the terrifying part for him and for our team is that the infection was only treatable with one antibiotic called colistin. And that's a drug that fell out of favor years ago because it was so outrageously toxic. But here we were on the cusp of so much medical advancement, and we were reaching for outdated drugs to treat patients because the bacteria had evolved and mutated in ways that we only had incredibly limited treatment options.","From there, you take us back 100 years to a World War I battlefield in France, a field hospital actually. Tell us why you are connecting these two moments.","Well, I connect those moments because there was a similar situation of a young physician treating a bullet wound. And he was practicing medicine in the days before antibiotics. His name was Alexander Fleming. And he was only using antiseptic fluid and scalpels."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite medical advancement, limited treatment options force us to use outdated and toxic drugs.","questions":"Which drug is the only one treatable for Jackson's infection?","answer":"Colistin"}
{"text":["Yes. We got involved and that's 25 years ago. And it took us about 25 years to get it done. We met monthly. And - well, actually, we met like biweekly and just phonetically translate it - every word in the New Testament to Gullah.","Can you read something for us, a short passage?","Well, why don't I read just the first few verses of the Lord's Prayer that most people are familiar with?","That would be wonderful."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : That would be wonderful. (Actual meaning: B expresses enthusiasm or appreciation for the suggestion made by A.)","questions":"What was PersonB's reaction to PersonA's suggestion?","answer":"Wonderful"}
{"text":["Over 700 people were killed this week when a stampede took place during the Hajj, the annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca. The sheer volume of pilgrims every year has led to problems before. In fact, over 1,400 people were killed in a similar incident back in 1990. This week, Iran and other regional powers criticized the Saudi Arabian government for poor management of the crowds that come to their holy places. Gary Sick is a senior research scholar at Columbia's Middle East Institute. He joins us now from New York. Thanks so much for being with us, Mr.  Sick.","It's a real pleasure.","What do you read into Iran's outspoken criticism of Saudi Arabia over these deaths?","This is very standard stuff. The Iranians and the Saudis have a running battle about the Hajj. And the worst incident they've ever had was actually back in 1987. In each case, they've blamed the Saudis. And in each case, the Saudis have blamed the pilgrims for misbehaving, for not doing what they were told. And on the previous case, the Saudis broke diplomatic relations with Iran over the incident. And that was only restored a few years later after Khomeini died."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  B: What do you read into Iran's outspoken criticism of Saudi Arabia over these deaths? (implied meaning: What do you think is the underlying meaning behind Iran's criticism of Saudi Arabia?)","questions":"Which country broke diplomatic relations with Iran after the worst incident during the Hajj in 1987?","answer":"Saudis"}
{"text":["Let's clear this up immediately: blonde, lithe, the initials V. P. So, is Vanessa Pierson Valerie Plame?","The great thing about fiction is that you can fix things and make things better. I think Vanessa is a smarter version of where I was. And it's definitely informed by my experiences in the CIA.","Well, that raises another question. So, did you take some top-secret operation and just thinly fictionalize it to this book and, you know, are. . .",". . . are there Russian agents reading this now and saying, oh, this is what we were looking for?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : .are there Russian agents reading this now and saying, oh, this is what we were looking for? The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking if the Russian agents might recognize the source of the fictional book, and whether they might say \"this is what we were looking for\".","questions":"How did the speaker suggest that Russian agents might react to the book?","answer":"Vanessa"}
{"text":["Now, that's something that would be the kind of final explanation if we could rule out everything else, and of course the big job is ruling out everything else. So in our paper we have a number of possibilities, but again, none of them are easy. None of them are simple.","So if you wanted to have ordinary dark matter that has no stickiness, you would have to come up with some very convoluted mechanism for removing this cold dark matter from the galaxies that it loves so much. I mean, it just loves hanging out with these galaxies, doesn't want to let go of them under the cold, collision-less dark matter theory, which is our main theory that I think we all accept.","Yeah, but if you stick with the stickiness idea, then you have to give up the other ideas, that you think you know what dark matter is.","Yeah, so we actually don't know what dark matter really is. These are all theories. Dark matter is not part of our standard model of physics. The standard model accounts for protons and electrons and neutrons. But one of the things that's really exciting about dark matter, that makes it one of the deepest mysteries of the cosmos, is that we know - we are pretty sure that dark matter is not part of the standard model."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"I mean, it just loves hanging out with these galaxies, doesn't want to let go of them...\" Implicated meaning: The speaker is personifying dark matter by saying that it \"loves\" and \"doesn't want to let go\" of galaxies, suggesting that dark matter has a strong gravitational interaction with galaxies. The actual meaning is not that dark matter has emotions or desires, but rather emphasizing its gravitational effects.","questions":"How is dark matter personified in the dialogue?","answer":"Gravitational"}
{"text":["That's depressing, Marc. I'm Flora Lichtman and this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Marc Abrahams. So the world is getting worse based on Professor Trinkaus' studies. Is there any upside to this news?","The upside is he's still there counting. He hasn't given up on us. And. . .","The other thing is that these are really interesting reports. They're so short and they're written in clear language, and they've got numbers. And he's got all this data. He's got about 100 of these reports on different subjects. They're sitting there waiting for anybody to come along and try to make sense of the data. And some of them are really tiny things. He noticed that in the building where he worked in New York City, sometimes there would be some doors that were open and other doors that were shut. And he counted how many people, when confronted with a door that's open and a door that's shut, will go through the open door and how many people choose to go through the door that's shut so they have to open it themselves.","I liked this one, \"Taste Preferences for Brussels Sprouts: An Informal Look. \"And as you might have suspected, 54 percent of young students found the vegetable to be very repulsive. That's one of his findings. Does anyone cite his work?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : upside implies the advantage or benefits, not a part or side being above ","questions":"How is the upside described in the dialogue?","answer":"Advantage"}
{"text":["Well, we have very large ones - gorillas are our largest - all the way down to Cotton-top Tamarins, which are probably about a pound.","You've been there for quite a few hours already. How's the day going so far?","My morning has been fairly busy. I went down to our gorilla area. We have a gorilla that has some teeth issues, and we were brushing her teeth. We did a dental rinse on her and getting them ready to go out in their habitat for the day. And I went early this morning to our Mandrill building and was checking the exhibit. We're doing some rehab work and mandrills went out for the first time in several months.","Mandrills is a type of animal?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a pound refers and implies to a body weight and not one British pound","questions":"Which animal had teeth issues that were being treated?","answer":"Gorilla"}
{"text":["And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?","You know, we saw reports. As we were doing live coverage, we saw reports of damage start to trickle in. But, really, right after an earthquake, it is, like, fog of war. No one knows what's going on. Emergency responders are just going out trying to survey the damage. We did hear reports of fires.","We got some calls into our - into KPCC of people telling us that they had fallen. One woman said that she thought maybe she broke her wrist. And there were a lot of people who were just afraid to go back into their houses, which is another big thing with big earthquakes - is that it disrupts people's lives not just for that one moment, but continuously, especially after aftershock after aftershock after aftershock keeps hitting.","All right. Well, we'll be getting updates throughout the morning. And thanks very much for joining us. KPCC's Jacob Margolis, science reporter and host of a podcast called \"The Big One: Your Survival Guide. \"Thank you, Jacob."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : fog of war implies there was mass chaiotic confusion going on.","questions":"How was the situation described after the earthquake?","answer":"Chaotic"}
{"text":["He used to love football because at the end of the year, we left him a gift. And it was a T-shirt, a real T-shirt of the Euro 2016 of France with his name behind the T-shirt and the number 41 on the top because we were 41 students in his class.","Heda says that she and her classmates have been talking and sharing thoughts with each other on Facebook and remembering their teacher.","I will never forget him, and he was the best ever teacher I ever had before. And I am so powerless with all this and I really want to be thankful for everything he did for us, for the class and also for me.","That's Laurence Heda, a student of Michael Pellegrini, who was killed, along with his mother and his grandparents in the Nice attack."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Heda and her classmates have been connecting and sharing memories of their teacher on Facebook.","questions":"What social media platform have Heda and her classmates been using to connect and remember their teacher?","answer":"Facebook"}
{"text":["Well, right. He was famously portrayed by Schwarzenegger in the early '80s. And that image sort of holds true for the comics. He was a muscle-bound hulk. Conan the Barbarian was the main figure in a huge sub-genre of, like, sword and sorcery comics.","So what's the profile of a comic-book reader?","I don't know if I want to profile all comic-book readers, but these specific titles, Spider Man and Conan the Barbarian, are pretty escapist. You know, there's a wide world of comics out there at this point, but. . .","Right. Right. So does it say something that he doesn't choose Superman or Batman, kind of your obvious choices?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : world in this context means that there is many","questions":"Which word describes the wide range of comics that the speaker mentions in turn 2?","answer":"Many"}
{"text":["I saw that statistic in National Review.","Oh, that's another fine magazine.","And give me some credit for reading National Review.","I personally - I think. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: Oh, that's another fine magazine.  This turn is an example of sarcasm. The speaker, A, uses the phrase \"another fine magazine\" to indicate that they do not believe that National Review is a fine magazine, despite what the previous speaker, B, has implied. The literal meaning of the phrase is positive, but the actual meaning, conveyed through the speaker's tone and context, is negative.","questions":"How did PersonA describe National Review?","answer":"Sarcastically"}
{"text":["So where'd that song come from?","That song - Frank Rogers is my producer, and we got together - it was the first time we had met each other, we were talking about what kind of record I wanted to make. And I told him I really wanted to make a country record, and that was the first song we wrote together.","You know, we're both really happily married guys, and you listen to that song and it's a big divorce song. And people think the theme of country music, you know, my baby left me, my dog left me, and all that stuff, and so we just wanted to write a real basic country shuffle, and we came with \"All I Want\" and I love that tune. I love playing it live, you know, and having Brad Paisley play it on the record was an amazing thing. And I'm a big fan of that tune.","You, I understand, got a phone call from Maya Angelou?I don't know anything about it, but I was told to ask about it by my producer, Devon. So there must be something there. What's the story?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is implying that the song was inspired by wanting to write a stereotypical country song about heartbreak and the wife leaving","questions":"How did the speaker come up with the idea for the song?","answer":"first"}
{"text":["We also heard singer-songwriter Ben Harper on that track. He wrote most of the songs on this album. He produced it. How did you two meet?Why do you think you clicked with him?","Well, Ben had written me a song for one of my other albums - \"Livin' On A High Note. \"And that song was \"Love And Trust\"","(Singing) Do what you can. Do what you must. Everybody's trying to find some love and trust. I walk the line. I walk it for us. See me out here trying to find some love and trust.","I fell so in love with that song. And every time we'd sing it, the audience - they would just roar, you know. It turned out so well. So I - we'd been singing it for a couple of years then. I ran into Ben on the road. That's where we would always meet up - somewhere on the road. And I told him. I said, Ben, that song - you have got to write me another song. He said, well, Mavis, why don't I write you 11 songs?I said, why don't you do that?He said, let's make an album. I said, sounds good to me. You know, I said, I don't know if I could handle 11 good songs from Ben Harper. He said, oh, yeah, you can handle it, Mavis."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  Ben Harper wrote a song for A in the past and that's how they first met.","questions":"What was the name of the album on which Ben Harper wrote a song for A?","answer":"Livin"}
{"text":["Let me ask you this. Do you know Pat Cipollone?","We've met.","I assume he is also very familiar with the Constitution having gotten as far as he has in his legal career.","Look, he's doing what his client wants him to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : He should not be blamed for anything as he only does what he is told to do.","questions":"What should Pat Cipollone be absolved of?","answer":"nothing"}
{"text":["Sure.","But any - is there any other practical dimension to your support right now?","We have an open-door policy. Anybody can come anytime of the day or night that they need help. We have done know your rights training. We disseminate that information with a lot of frequency. So we make sure that people get in their hands the steps they need to take if they should have an encounter with ICE.","Do they have any rights?This is one thing that I'm unclear about because I think - do people have any rights?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Open door policy is how the characther describled, not the literal meaning of the door always being open","questions":"What is the policy described by the character?","answer":"Policy"}
{"text":["He was instrumental in the Times that year winning a Pulitzer Prize for its coverage. And it was after the Kerner Commission came out with its report in 1968, looking at the great divide among the racism in American society that pointed to the American news media in particular, that needed to do a better job in covering the great diversity of American society.","What are the upsides?What are the upsides for journalism as it evolves, because it has to evolve?","The upsides are the incredible access you have to audiences now. Anybody in this age can be a publisher, a writer, a communicator. And there are tremendous possibilities.","Well, Neil, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to be instrumental in this context means that the person was needed for something happening.","questions":"What did the Kerner Commission report look at?","answer":"Racism"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","But - so in any event, do you really want to put yourself on the side of people that cut even 3 percent from the Meals on Wheels budget?","Well, from a political standpoint, you're right. But this is the problem for whatever the not-left-of-center crew is, now that it's gotten so diverse in the era of Trump is - who's going to talk about how it works?Back to repealing Obamacare, there is a method going forward that works. It involves using tax credits to let people shop. And their choices drive down prices and create more products that they want to buy. But no one's talk about that because you're trapped in this Trump gravitational conversational field.","Well, we'll have you back. We have to cut the conversation short. Michael Graham is podcast editor for The Weekly Standard."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Actual meaning: A is pointing out the lack of discussion and attention given to a potential solution to a problem due to the dominance of the Trump-related discourse. Literal meaning: A is discussing a method of repealing Obamacare that involves tax credits and encourages consumer choice.","questions":"Which solution is PersonA referring to in turn 2?","answer":"Tax"}
{"text":["Unfortunately, under the rule, no.","Robert Strassburger, vice president for vehicle safety at the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers.","The sound to be emitted really has to be instantly recognizable as a motor vehicle in operation.","Mr.  Strassburger worked with the National Federation of the Blind to develop the rules. At first, he says, he told them, but we've worked for 30 years to make cars quiet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A's statement suggests that the sound must be recognizable as a motor vehicle in operation, not just any sound.","questions":"What kind of sound should be emitted according to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Motor"}
{"text":["Well, thank you.","As we note, you've got some photographs of some very splendid interiors, including, for example, the New York Public Library. But maybe less to be expected, tell us about the Handley Regional Public Library in Winchester, VA.","Well, I have been born and raised and lived all my life in California. And so the American Civil War is something quite distant from my experience. But I'm always amazed when I travel in the east, the closeness of that period. So this was a library in Winchester that was built by a Confederate sympathizer and then, the library itself is this beautiful structure, both inside and out. But the walls inside were covered with portraits of Confederate generals, which really was sort of astonishing to me, and to see again, the closeness of that history.","Did you ever feel, in shooting pictures of public libraries, that you have been in the process of documenting a vanishing species?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implies that B is asking A to tell them more about a library that may not be as well known as the New York Public Library.","questions":"Which library did PersonA mention that had portraits of Confederate generals on its walls?","answer":"Handley"}
{"text":["No, I don't think the passage of time has narrowed options for action but time is indeed the enemy. We've seen a persistence of this regime in Syria create a humanitarian crisis that is not only torturing the Syrian people but it's having massive effects on the neighborhood.","The U. N.  panel reported this week on evidence of chemicals weapons, which, of course, the Obama administration had once called a red line. What's your assessment of their reaction?","I think there's little doubt on the part of anybody that the regime has employed chemical weapons against the Syrian people. It's a remarkably small percentage of casualties are accounted for by this practice but it is a particularly bad practice. But the United States had a very traumatic experience with this business of weapons of mass destruction 10 years ago in Iraq. The administration wants to get it right this time. It wants to be able to present a case that is accurate and irrefutable.","That being said, does it run the risk with a protracted delay seeming as if they're countenance in the use of chemical weapons?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implies that by delaying action, the U.S. appears to be tolerating the use of chemical weapons.","questions":"What is the risk of the U.S. delaying action according to turn 3?","answer":"Risk"}
{"text":["It's only about $3 billion. So compared to the whole Defense Department, which is, you know, 500 or more billion, or NASA, which is around 16 billion, or something.","A couple of big bombers.","Yeah, one and a half B-2 bombers. That's it. I think DARPA should be inspiring to anyone who wants to create innovative things, come up with new ideas, do things that really make a difference, with a relatively small amount of money and resources.","And what stuff do you think, percentage of stuff, that you actually saw going on?What couldn't you see that they wouldn't let you see inside of DARPA?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The amount of $3 billion is relatively small compared to the Defense Department and NASA budgets.","questions":"How much is DARPPersonA's budget compared to NASA's?","answer":"16"}
{"text":["Yeah, exactly. I'd like to see it.","Yeah. Well, if you have any other interesting labs, let Flora know.","Yeah. And I'd also like to thank everyone who sent in videos when we requested - I'm still going through them. So if you haven't heard back from me, it's not personal. It's coming, but they were really great, so thanks for sending them.","Yeah. Couldn't compete with the guinea fowl this week on a treadmill. So thank you, Flora."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Let Flora know.\" - The speaker is not literally asking the person to inform Flora. Instead, they are making a suggestion that the person should share any interesting labs they know of with Flora.","questions":"Which person's name is mentioned after a suggestion to share interesting labs?","answer":"Flora"}
{"text":["Eastern Congo may be the most dangerous place on Earth, and it's getting worse. A rebel army is moving on the biggest city, Goma. Hundreds of thousands of people are running for their lives. This is the region of infamous ethnic killing between the many people who call themselves Hutus and the far fewer Tutsi.","Hez Holland is a correspondent with Reuters. He's been reporting from Goma. He joins us now. Hez, welcome. And remind us, this is also a region of enormous wealth - timber and minerals. People have been fighting over it for a long time.","At least. It's historically been a curse, what with the mineral wealth and, as you said, the timber, has been something that has been fought over for - since the Belgians. It's always been a place where minerals have been extracted and exploited, and the people have always been just pawns in the great game of any kind of colonial power, really.","Well, now, there's this rebel group led by a man named General Nkunda. He is a former Congolese general. And it is moving on the city of Goma. What are you seeing there now?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The word \"most dangerous place on Earth\" implies an exaggeration to emphasize the severity of the situation.","questions":"Which word in turn 0 implies an exaggeration?","answer":"Exaggeration"}
{"text":["And one more email.","And one more email, yeah. And it was quite literally the last email that I opened. And the email said, basically, Dear, Mr.  Feuer. Ever since I saw your story on the other Alan Feuer one year ago, I've been meaning to get in touch with you. I didn't want to do so while Alan was alive. Now, that he has passed away, would you like to know the truth about his background?","Well, you know, she - this woman who was, in fact, Alan's step niece. So, you know, imagine a, you know, a niece coming in by second marriage essentially. She went on to kind of flash out the family relationships, and she told me that while this life of grand society that I, in fact, had witnessed myself was absolutely true, the sort of back story that Alan had held up - Austrian blue blood, you know, mother live too long - all these stuff was, in fact, not true. And she said that, you know, if I wanted to get in touch with her, she would tell me, in fact, what the truth was. So I got in touch with her.","And this is a story of a man not from Austria but, in fact, born in Brooklyn and raised in Westchester?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The email contains information about the background of someone named Alan Feuer which cannot be disclosed until he passed away.","questions":"Which family member of Alan Feuer provided information to PersonA about his background?","answer":"Step-niece"}
{"text":["They're very abstract. I talked with Heather Heckman, who's at the University of South Carolina Libraries, and they loaned us some of this Vishniac footage. And she was, like, it's almost like avant-garde film because, you know, you look at these oyster larvae pulsating, and you don't know what they are. They're just - but it's really beautiful.","So we talked - so we learn about Vishniac and also sort of figure out how things have changed since the '50s, '60s and '70s, which is when he was doing his work. And we spoke with Wim van Egmond, who's this Dutch photographer who wins all these Nikon Small Worlds contests. I think people who follow this will know his name. But he makes these beautiful, microscopic videos and videos through the microscope and photos, too.","And they're all one-celled creatures?","Not all of them."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"figure out how things have changed\" - this is a figurative expression meaning to understand how the field of microscopy has advanced and evolved since the time of Vishniac's work, rather than a literal physical measurement of change.","questions":"What does \"figure out\" mean in turn 1?","answer":"Understand"}
{"text":[". . . instead of across.","So what makes the rise now when that. . .","So the rise, yeah, you can do - it's what?2:30 on a Friday, you have a half drunk cup of coffee on your desk, just move it away from the computer, give it a stir and what you'll see, if you stir strong enough, that you'll develop a depression in the middle of the coffee cup, and it will rise up on the sides.","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the speaker is using a metaphor to describe a physical phenomenon. They are not actually suggesting that the coffee is experiencing emotions like depression, but rather that the act of stirring the coffee creates a depression in the middle and a rise on the sides.","questions":"What phenomenon is the speaker metaphorically describing in their statement?","answer":"Phenomenon"}
{"text":["The biggest thing that's happened in the last 50 years is a lot of mechanization that has been aimed at trying to save labor for farmers. At the same time, farm operations have gotten bigger. You can do more with this high-tech equipment and do it with fewer people. What that means when you have fewer people on the farm is that you have less need for all the things that you need when you have a community. You don't need as many doctors and nurses. You don't need as many schoolteachers. And we're now reaching a point where the farmers who have remained on the land are quite isolated and often face long trips just to get to any place where there might be a school or there might be some sort of cultural activity. And it leaves them relatively separated from the national conversation, even as the politics of the country and of the world directly bear on their lives.","How does that impact them and their views on the rest of the country?","I think one of the things that has certainly happened is that when you lose your population, when the towns start to die, you lose your local newspaper. For the towns that were large enough, you lose your local radio station. So now the way that the news arrives to farming communities is through AM radio, which is often conservative talk radio. And it arrives via television and the Internet. And that means that those local issues get less coverage, and they make it into the national conversation less. But it also means that all of the polarization of our current political moment has made it all the way down to these tiny communities.","And how is that played out?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Polarization of national politics affects even the smallest farming communities","questions":"How are farming communities impacted by national political polarization?","answer":"Less"}
{"text":["So crack down on the doctors, but make sure there's a support system ready for their patients.","Absolutely. And the thing is - and this is so beautiful - is that when you get to watch lives change. For myself, you know, I used to get up every single morning thinking, you know, where am I going to get my pills?And that occupied my entire day. Now, keep in mind, I was a practicing physician. So I had some other things to do. And that's what people who are, you know, who are addicted are facing every single day.","And now, you know, providing them with quality help and watching them change their lives is one of the most fun things that I've ever been involved with. We need to make that opportunity more widespread. We need to decrease the stigma around stepping out and ask for help. And also, Sacha, we need to make evidence-based treatment available without the stigma that goes along with it.","That's Dr.  Steven Loyd. He's based in Nashville, Tenn. Thanks for talking with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"And now, you know, providing them with quality help and watching them change their lives is one of the most fun things that I've ever been involved with... we need to make evidence-based treatment available without the stigma that goes along with it.\"  The implied meaning of this turn is that providing quality help to people struggling with addiction and witnessing their transformations is incredibly rewarding. The speaker believes that access to evidence-based treatment should be expanded, and the stigma surrounding seeking help for addiction should be reduced.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about providing quality help to people struggling with addiction?","answer":"Fulfilling"}
{"text":["They were part of the crew of the USS Monitor, a celebrated Civil War ship that helped open a new era in naval warfare. The ship was ironclad, powered by steam instead of sails, and supported a rotating gun turret. The Monitor sank in a storm in 1862. Sixteen of 62 men on board went down with their ship. They were thought to be lost forever until 2002. The Monitor was being restored and the remains of two of the sailors were discovered in the turret. We're joined now by historian Anna Holloway. She's curator of the USS Monitor Center in Newport, Virginia. Thank very much for being with us.","Well, thank you so much for having me.","What do we know about these two sailors who have finally been buried?","Well, we still don't know their names, and that is one of the ongoing mysteries about these two heroes of the USS Monitor. However, as you mention, 16 men went down with the vessel, so there are 16 possibilities. Now, forensics tells us a little bit about them - their relative heights, their ages and their race - so that does narrow it down a bit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There are no turns in the given conversation that have a meaning different from their literal meanings. All the turns convey their literal meanings without any implied or figurative language.","questions":"Which turn in the conversation provides information about the naming mystery of the two sailors?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["You know, we don't do a lot of cookbooks on this show. Hugh Acheson's latest cookbook fits right in. It doesn't show much cooking. The chef is shown reading in a lawn chair, taking a hot bath, even playing the cello - at least holding the bow over one.","It's a book about what you can cook - if that's quite the word - while you do something else, even for hours. \"The Chef And The Slow Cooker\" is by Hugh Acheson, the acclaimed Canadian Southern chef who owns big-name restaurants in Georgia and is a judge on \"Top Chef. \"He joins us from WABE in Atlanta.","Chef, thanks so much for being with us.","It's great to be here, Scott."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : You know, we don't do a lot of cookbooks on this show. Implicated meaning: Cookbooks are not a common topic or focus on this show. The show doesn't prioritize or feature cookbooks frequently.","questions":"Which show?","answer":"Show"}
{"text":["Pleasure to be here.","How was your lab affected by this?","Well, pretty severely. We lost the great majority of our mice. And I guess probably the clearest way I can put it is to say mice are very - are quite literally our partners in discovery. We really rely on them to inform us on pretty much every aspect of what we learn about how the brain functions.","I mean, I was trying to think about this, too, how - what the right analogy is. I mean, you don't - they're encoding data, as well, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The loss of mice was a great setback as they are vital for research purposes","questions":"What was the reason for the setback in the lab?","answer":"Loss"}
{"text":["The regulations and the oversight that was put in place was relatively minimal because this was going to be such a small endeavor. It was going to be a small-scale experiment for 100 schools. Well, guess what?We have 1,300 charter schools today. And we have a law that doesn't actually account for the scale of that.","That's LA Times reporter Anna Phillips. She's been investigating loopholes in California's charter school system. What she discovered is a fragmented and decentralized regulating system. In Los Angeles, Phillips encountered a case in which a wealthy Beverly Hills couple made millions of dollars by simply turning to a different school district whenever their charter schools came under scrutiny.","These charter schools had been set up as nonprofits that were publicly funded. But if you looked right kind of on the outskirts of them, the couple that had started them had essentially created a series of businesses or nonprofits that were doing business with their own schools. So for instance, this couple rented a lot of their own properties they owned. They were their own landlords.","They owned buildings that then they rented to the schools, so they were getting that income.","Exactly. And there were other ways they were getting income. The woman who ran these schools, her husband was hired on as a project manager for about $500,000 to oversee the construction of a new campus. When they wanted to bring in cafeteria meals for their students, they hired one of their own organizations. So this was public money that was coming into these schools, but the couple that ran them was financially benefiting from it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"essentially created a series of businesses or nonprofits that were doing business with their own schools\" - The literal meaning of this sentence is that the couple established other organizations that had financial ties to their charter schools. However, the implied meaning is that they may have been using these organizations to divert public funds into their own pockets.","questions":"What kind of organizations did the couple establish?","answer":"organizations"}
{"text":["One last question, and I'll let you go. You know, this being sequestration day, are you concerned about budgets that you control in your committee, science budgets, that they might be slashed?","Of course - well, let's put this in perspective. We're talking about across-the-board cuts of about 2. 3 percent, and while it may mean more in certain areas, nevertheless, you know, it's regrettable, I wish we weren't having these kinds of cuts, they could have been avoided. I still think we need to cut spending, but we need to do in a smart way, not across-the-board way. And we could have set our priorities up if there had been a little bit more cooperation from the White House and from the Senate.","The House of Representatives has actually twice passed offsets to the sequestration. The Senate has not passed anything. And the administration hasn't come up with any specific alternatives to the sequestration; only the House has. So if they can't come up with a better idea, let's go with the House idea, and we could have avoided it.","All right, well, I'm certainly not one to debate the politics of this with you because as you know we'll get nowhere. But I want to thank you for taking time to be with us today and wish you good luck in deciding - because I think, you know, maybe the public really does believe this is a national priority about finding that asteroid with our name on it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker thinks that the across-the-board cuts are regrettable, but they could have been avoided if there had been more cooperation from the White House and the Senate.","questions":"What does the speaker believe could have prevented the across-the-board cuts?","answer":"cooperation"}
{"text":["And I can tell you though when people of color hear white people say, I was taught to treat everyone the same when racism comes up, they're usually rolling their eyes. And they're definitely not thinking, oh, right, I'm talking to a woke white person right now. They're usually thinking this is a dangerous white person. This is a white person who has no self-awareness and is not going to be able to hold and affirm my reality, which is fundamentally different than theirs in a society which is deeply separate and unequal by race.","And you actually, in this book, very specifically target white progressives. You say that white progressives cause the most daily damage to people of color. What do you mean?","Yeah. First, let's define a white progressive. In my mind, it's any white person who thinks they're not racist - thinks they get it, thinks they are less racist, who's listening to the show right now thinking of all the other white people that really should be listening to this show right now.","Right. It's never us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : White people saying they were taught to treat everyone the same is not enough to combat racism.","questions":"How do people of color usually react to white people saying they were taught to treat everyone the same when racism comes up?","answer":"Rolling"}
{"text":["Media looks very bad on this. It looks credulous for Justice Department sources. Hatfill had filed suit against the government and, you know, sought to get the names of sources from journalists, taking them to court to do so, and to try to prove that the Justice Department had intentionally leaked this, as they sought to, you know, circle in on him and to capture him for these attacks.","Now, this year, there was a settlement, a legal settlement, for Steven Hatfill from the government.","That's right. Just a few months ago, the government essentially paid out a package - depending on how you value it - but about 5. 85 million dollars to compensate him for lost revenue over the course of his career. He lost a job at Louisiana State University, as a result of this, that he had been offered. Interestingly, the government did not exonerate him directly. Although the entire settlement tended to do that, but it not explicitly exonerate him, and nor did it apologize to him for this. CHADWICK: I don't imagine that we in the media are going to be apologizing to him either. NPR's David Folkenflik, thank you.","You bet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Now, this year, there was a settlement, a legal settlement, for Steven Hatfill from the government.\" - The literal meaning is that the government reached a legal agreement with Steven Hatfill to compensate him for lost revenue.","questions":"Which Steven was compensated by the government this year?","answer":"Steven"}
{"text":["Earlier this week, viewers of the CBS drama \"The Good Fight\" were greeted by an 8 1\/2-second-long image. It read, CBS has censored this content. Content was a piece of animation, along with a song, that took critical aim at Chinese censorship, often of American products, and the importance of a Chinese market to U. S.  businesses, sometimes at the expense of U. S.  values.","The animator who brought that bit to life is Steve Angel. He joins us now from Toronto. Mr.  Angel, thanks so much for being with us.","My pleasure. Happy to talk to you.","And I should disclose I'm a special contributor to \"CBS Sunday Morning,\" a production of CBS News. Since we can't see that scene for ourselves, could you describe it to us?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The animation bit wasn't literally brought to life; it just means that the man created the animation.","questions":"Which verb describes how the man created the animation?","answer":"Created"}
{"text":["Now, Mr.  Trump often points out that the school, at least on the website, had an overwhelmingly favorable rating from former students. But the plaintiffs say that it wasn't like that at all.","Really, that's exactly what they say. They argue that the whole point to this school was to keep selling students increasingly expensive seminars. First, there was a free introductory course where students were told they could make tens of thousands of dollars in just a couple of months using Trump's investment techniques.","But to learn those, they had to sign up for another seminar that cost about 1,500 bucks. And at that seminar, they were sold another course that cost as much as $35,000. They claim that students were encouraged to go into credit-card debt and even cash out their 401(k)s to pay for these top-level courses.","The settlement was reached. Well, one of these suits was about to go to trial on Monday, wasn't it?","Yeah, it was, though attorneys for Trump wanted it delayed because he was too busy with the transition. But, clearly, his schedule wasn't going to get any easier once he became president. So the judge in the case was urging both sides to settle."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \u201cThe settlement was reached.Well, one of these suits was about to go to trial on Monday, wasn't it?\u201d - Implied meaning: Trump was attempting to postpone the trial due to his busy schedule. ","questions":"Which day was the trial about to go on?","answer":"Monday"}
{"text":["So if we're negotiating in public, we're not really negotiating at all.","That's correct. What we're doing is playing chicken, all kinds of games with each other. It's just a mess. You know, whenever you get to the entitlements, and so everybody knows, I'm out of the Senate three years and a half, but I was there for 36 years, and much of my work was budgeting. If I were there, I would be right in the middle of this. You would have been hearing from me for the last two years, and you'd be tired of my voice.","And you, Neal, would have had me on so many times, you would have said I don't want you anymore.","Well, I doubt that, Senator."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning is that they are playing games with each other. The actual meaning is that they are engaged in political posturing and not serious negotiation.","questions":"What are they engaged in during their negotiation?","answer":"Posturing"}
{"text":["The videos of the embryos. He does sort of time lapse of human development, and it was really fascinating to watch, going from this sort of little hard to, you know, nondescript ball to what you would recognize. . .","As an embryo.",". . . as an embryo or a fetus.","This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow talking with Flora Lichtman about our Video Pick of the Week, and it's a - videos of embryos, all different kinds of embryos. So you got the film, the footage. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : his is an idiomatic expression that refers to a conversation or discussion, rather than a literal act of talking with someone.","questions":"How does turn 2 differentiate between a conversation and a literal act of talking?","answer":"Ideas"}
{"text":["If you've had trouble keeping up with the latest news on potential contact between Donald Trump's presidential campaign and Russia, you are not alone. Developments have been relentless. Just Friday night, The Washington Post reported that White House adviser Jared Kushner may have tried to set up a secret line of communication between the Trump transition team and the Russian government. But it's not just the constant stream of news. It's also the concepts themselves that are opaque. We've invited Jonathan Turley to the studio to help us clarify. He's a law professor at George Washington University. Thanks so much for being here today.","Thank you very much.","All right. Jared Kushner has gone from a \"person of interest,\" quote, unquote, to a focus in the investigation but not confirmed as a, quote, \"target. \"","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is expressing gratitude for being invited to the studio.","questions":"What is the reason for Jonathan Turley's presence in the studio?","answer":"Clarify"}
{"text":["Yeah. The deficit - you can think about that - that's just a gap between what the government spends and what it takes in. So if you outspend your paychecks a month, you might put the difference on your credit card. The government does the same. That's the deficit. The debt is like the accumulated credit card balance, the sum of all the deficits you've run in the previous months or years.","So the bigger that balance on the government's credit card, the more the government has to pay in interest costs. And that means it's got less money available to spend on everything else we want the government to do. What's more, if the government's borrowing a whole lot of money, that potentially means there's less money available for individuals and businesses that want to borrow. And that can have the effect of curbing economic growth. Economists call that the crowding out effect.","This was a huge issue for Republicans, and they seem now to have backed off of that.","Yeah. Some of the Republicans who used to sound the alarm about rising deficits during the Obama administration seem less concerned about that now. I'm not sure if that's because they've gotten some new economic theory. It may have more to do just with who's in charge. During the recession, we saw dire warnings about debt-to-GDP ratios. Those turned out not to be true. A better question might be, you know, what are we running up the debt for?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A large government debt can lead to less money available for individuals and businesses to borrow, which can slow down economic growth.","questions":"What is the economic term used to describe the reduction in available funds for individuals and businesses due to a large government debt?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["So what's the difference between steganography and - I'm interested in the origin of the word steganography. Can you take that apart for us?","Well. . .","Stega-, sounds almost like a dinosaur.","Certainly. It goes back to the Greeks, and it basically means hidden writing. So - and what it often gets kind of mixed together with or lumped together with, is encryption, and it's kind of - they're like close cousins, and they're trying to do the same thing, but they have slightly different approaches.","And that was my next question. What is the difference between steganography and encryption?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : B is asking for a more detailed explanation of the difference between steganography and encryption","questions":"What is PersonB's next question?","answer":"Difference"}
{"text":["Sure.","But any - is there any other practical dimension to your support right now?","We have an open-door policy. Anybody can come anytime of the day or night that they need help. We have done know your rights training. We disseminate that information with a lot of frequency. So we make sure that people get in their hands the steps they need to take if they should have an encounter with ICE.","Do they have any rights?This is one thing that I'm unclear about because I think - do people have any rights?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the organization provides assistance to those who may have encounters with ICE and educates them on their rights","questions":"What information does the organization disseminate frequently?","answer":"Rights"}
{"text":["But I understand the point that you're making. She drill - she drilled that into. . .","You know what I'm saying?She drummed that - she drilled that into us. . .","There you go.","One blow, you go. You don't examine; you don't wonder. You run, and you come home, and then we talk from there. And that needs to be - you have to have a line in the sand that is clearly drawn from a young age. And I don't think that happened."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : line in the sand refers to having boundaries about what is acceptable and what is not ok","questions":"Which phrase refers to clearly drawn boundaries from a young age?","answer":"Line-in-the-sand"}
{"text":["No, not at all. And I've been pretty much apolitical my entire adult life. But this election is obviously quite different than previous presidential elections. So I just thought - I thought it was necessary to jump in and use my voice.","Why?","The prospects of Donald Trump being president just scare the hell out of me. And that's coming after having initially, you know, supported him and hoped that he would be 180 degrees different from what he turned out to be.","I mean, am I wrong?I seem to remember there was a time when you offered to be the running mate for either of them.","Oh, sure. Yeah, a lot of that was a little bit tongue-in-cheek. I didn't really expect that to happen. But, you know, there was a time when Donald first got into the race where I would talk to him on the phone."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning behind this question is that A was initially willing to support Donald Trump and even offered to be his running mate at one point, but has since changed his mind and is now opposed to him.","questions":"Which presidential candidate initially received support from A?","answer":"Donald"}
{"text":["Meanwhile, they put in 40 gigawatts of coal. So renewables are great, but for the developing world, they're still too expensive. And so China and India are going the way they can afford. We can't criticize them for that, and we can't afford to subsidize them. So the switch to natural gas I think is absolutely essential for the next several decades.","All right, thank you very much, it's been enlightening to talk to you, and hope that you'll be back when you've got new data to share with us.","We'd be happy to come back any time, Ira.","Richard Muller, thank you. He's author of \"Energy for Future Presidents: The Science Behind the Headlines. \"He's also senior scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. And we're going to take a break, and when we come back, we're going to talk about planetary science of another kind, a trip to Mars."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Renewable energy is still too expensive for developing countries","questions":"Which type of energy is crucial for the next several decades according to A?","answer":"Natural"}
{"text":["So I do miss it, but you know, I don't miss it enough to go back anytime soon. I'm not going to volunteer.","When you think about the losses, people who have been killed and some of the ones who've been profoundly injured in ways where they'll never lead an independent life again, do you ever ask yourself the question: Is it worth it?Is that a question you ask yourself?","No, I can never ask that question. Because if I do, then I'll start doubting my orders and doubting my job. But I will tell you this: Up to the point to where we caught Saddam Hussein, you know, one life is too many to lose, but it was worth the lives up until that point. So from that point on to now, as long as catch bin Laden, we free people, and we do our jobs, it'll be worth it. I'm not saying that we should have any American young men and women killed, but as long as we get the job done, then that's the sacrifice we have to make, even if it takes my own.","Well, Jeremiah, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : When you think about the losses, people who have been killed and some of the ones who've been profoundly injured in ways where they'll never lead an independent life again, do you ever ask yourself the question: Is it worth it? Is that a question you ask yourself?","questions":"How does PersonB describe the injuries suffered by some people in the war?","answer":"Injuries"}
{"text":["Yeah. Why?","Dan is an institutionalist. He's actually not even a conservative. If you go look at his voting record, he's one of the more moderate members of our conference. But what he's been pushing is a more open and fair system, where more amendments are allowed, more debate is allowed and the Congress is allowed to work as a legislative body. It hasn't been done like that now for the last 10 years, and it certainly hasn't been like that since Mr.  Boehner was chairman (unintelligible). . .","Well, when you say Congress is allowed to work as a legislative body, you understand the frustration that I think very openly Speaker Boehner and some others experience that everybody was talking, but not a lot of business was getting done, that that was the result of all this give and take. And they think at some point, if you're going to be in government, you've got to govern.","Well, there wasn't any give and take. That was the problem. It was regular practice for us - and this doesn't get widely reported - but on a debt ceiling debate, for example, we would do nothing; we do nothing; we do nothing. And then three days before the debt ceiling limit was reached, Mr.  Boehner would walk into a room and say OK, here's what we're doing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Speaker Boehner and others are implicating that even though there was a lot of talking, the lack of actual business getting done was a result of the give and take (debates).","questions":"What do Speaker Boehner and others believe was the result of all the give and take during debates?","answer":"Result"}
{"text":["But first, we're going to look at the news affecting the media industry itself. This week, newspapers and magazines across the country were hit again with massive layoffs. The Christian Science Monitor announced this week that after a century, it would stop publishing a daily-print paper. Joining us to talk about the cuts is Neil Henry.","He's the dean of U. C. Berkeley's Graduate School of Journalism and the author of \" American Carnival: Journalism Under Siege in an Age of New Media. \"Welcome Neil.","Thank you.","So, I'm not exactly the newest babe on the media block, I have worked in print for Newsweek and, you know, on-air for television, off-air, blah, blah, blah. And it just - it hurts me."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : newest babe on the media block means the newest girl that is becoming popular in media","questions":"What does the phrase \"newest babe on the media block\" mean?","answer":"popularity"}
{"text":["And the other one is silencers or suppressors - a push to deregulate those devices. And that hasn't gone through. So the big ticket items that the NRA wants the NRA doesn't get. You mentioned at the top there this idea of strengthening background checks. I think it's important to be specific about what's under discussion there. There is bipartisan legislation. And what it would do would provide grants to the states to make sure that all of the records that show that a person is prohibited from owning a gun get into the databases that are scanned during a background check.","Mr.  Burnett, there's renewed interest on the sale of assault weapons. A ban went into effect in 1994. It expired 10 years later. Based on your reporting, what effect did that ban have?","There is some evidence - and we talk about assault - bans on assault-style weapons. What a lot of public safety experts say is the most meaningful piece of that is a restriction on how large the magazine - the ammunition magazine - that's basically how many rounds the gun can hold at one time, can be fired at one time before you have to reload.","Is there, in your mind, compelling evidence that the ban on assault weapons actually succeeded in banning assault weapons or reduced the supply or use of assault weapons and criminal activity?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"assault-style weapons\" - this is a term used to describe certain types of firearms that have specific features but it does not necessarily mean that the weapon is used for assault purposes.","questions":"What does the term \"assault-style weapons\" describe?","answer":"Features"}
{"text":["My pleasure, Scott.","Tell us about Don McGahn, if we could. He was the campaign's lawyer, right?","He was. He built a career here in Washington representing a lot of politicians on campaign finance and ethics issues. One of his more prominent clients was Tom DeLay, the former House majority leader, a Texan better known as The Hammer.","The Hammer."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: Please provide us with information about Don McGahn, as he was the campaign's lawyer, correct?","questions":"Which politician was one of Don McGahn's more prominent clients?","answer":"Tom"}
{"text":["I've got to ask you a high hard one, as they call it in baseball, Monsignor. Can you understand if a number of faithful Catholics stand up during Mass tomorrow and tell their priest, look; I'm sorry, father, but what moral authority do you or does the church have to tell me anything when it's hurt so many people who loved it and concealed those crimes for decades?","You know, I certainly understand it. That was what Cardinal Cupich said, actually. He said that if the church doesn't get this right, its moral authority is shot. And so why we're having a global summit on an issue that the church says this is in the front burner and we - they don't do global summits on anything. So the church is trying to say, yeah, this is important, and if we don't get this right, it's over.","Are you concerned the church is going to lose its moral authority over this issue or has already lost its moral authority?","Well, I'm sure it has. It has with many people. There's no question about it. And right - and I think the church has a responsibility, say, to clean up its own act before it tells other people how to act. I totally agree with that.","Monsignor Stephen Rossetti of the Catholic University of America, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The church should clean up its own act before telling others what to do.","questions":"Which entity is responsible for cleaning up its own act before telling others what to do?","answer":"Church"}
{"text":["You've probably seen the signs in pharmacies now - flu shots here. You can buy shampoo, deodorant, nasal spray, M&M's and a flu shot. But if you're of a certain demographic, you might consider waiting a while before you get that shot. Here's some advice from Dr.  Laura Haynes, a professor of immunology at the University of Connecticut.","The best time for most people to get the flu vaccine would be in October. If you're a little bit older and over 65, I would say between Halloween and Thanksgiving.","Why should older people wait a month or more?Dr.  Haynes says. . .","Their immune response isn't as good to the vaccine. So the protection that's induced wanes more quickly. So therefore, you'd want to wait a little bit longer than you would if you were a younger adult. That way, you're protected throughout the majority of the really bad flu season, which happens from, say, January to April."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 4) - The suggested waiting period is to maintain protection throughout the flu season, not to get protection until the flu season.","questions":"How does waiting longer for the flu shot benefit older people?","answer":"Protection"}
{"text":["Yeah. This is, again, completely innovative. You know, part of the problem that we have with tall buildings is building them all out of glass and then having to go to gymnastics to kind of cover them up on the outside, and we see that in America. But in intense solar environments like the desert, it makes even less sense.","This is an innovative way to control this. It actually, to my knowledge, for the first time creates this skin on the outside made up of, you know, hundreds of modules, which can open and close by computer control, depending on the angle of incident sun. So if the sun's on the other side of the building, the modules open up and allow natural daylight into the space. And if the sun is incident on the building, then those modules close up and block the sun from entering.","Is what makes a tall building great the ability to actually look like it fits in with the rest of the buildings in the neighborhood or the culture of the people?","I believe so. That's - you know, as a professor, that's the thing that I advocate. I believe that a Chinese tall building or a, you know, an American tall building or a Middle Eastern tall building should be different to each other in the same way that, you know, religious and other architecture is clearly identifiable."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"fits in with the rest of the buildings\" - This is a figurative expression that means to be harmonious with the surrounding architecture or cultural context, rather than literally fitting in like a puzzle piece.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of \"fits in with the rest of the buildings\"?","answer":"Harmonious"}
{"text":["So a startling turnaround. Any sign, though, that this is the bottom, and that things might be improving?","So far, nine U. S.  banks have failed this year, and most analysts don't see any indication that either the housing market or the credit crisis have hit bottom yet. In fact, there's a respected company based in the U. K. , it's called Begbies Traynor. It specializes in insolvency issues and corporate rescue and recovery, and that firm has just issued a research note suggesting there could be - get this, an average of 100 small banks failing in the U. S.  each year for the next three years, and their note calls that far from inconceivable.","The data released yesterday by the FDC - by FDIC, by the way, showed 117 banks and thrifts are now considered to be in trouble, and the FDIC warned that conditions will worsen, although it did say a majority of U. S.  banks will be able to weather the storm. 98 percent still have an adequate stock pile of money by the regulator's standards.","Well, let's talk more about the FDIC. It, obviously, is the insurer of banks of deposits up to 100,000 dollars, but with all these banks in trouble, is the FDIC in trouble?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) has an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking if there is any sign of improvement in the situation being discussed, but the implied meaning is that the situation is bad and the speaker is hoping for some positive news or indication that things will get better.","questions":"Which analysis note has suggested the possibility of small banks failing in the US?","answer":"BegbiesTraynor."}
{"text":["And then we have a Congress who just passed a bill knowing full well that this was the most likely outcome, and they chose not to even try to stop it. But now that the bill has passed, the shutdown has been prevented, the government has been funded, the president can come out and say he's going to do this now. And you have people saying that we're shredding the Constitution, that this is the end of the world, that we need to act, that we need to stop something.","Well, the time to act was before you pass a bill to give the president money to fund the government. The time to act - if you want to force a vote on this, if you want to force Republicans in the Senate to go on record if you're a House Democrat, for instance, then you put language in the bill saying the president can't use national emergency powers to build a wall.","You mean senators - well, we could list their names - Susan Collins.","Right. I mean, don't vote for a bill that is going to make something that you think is really damaging to our country, to the Republic, more likely to occur. Just don't do it, No. 1. No. 2, actually go out and try to put things in the bill to prevent the thing that you think is so damaging to our republic from happening."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Passing a bill without measures to prevent negative consequences is not taking action.","questions":"Which action is not considered taking action according to turn 1?","answer":"Passing"}
{"text":["I think it had to because of the workers and the communities where you had all of these plants. But because it became a 60-percent owner - the U. S.  government owns 60 percent of General Motors as a result of the bankruptcy - they could have straightened that company out, but they were completely hands-off with the post-bankruptcy management. In retrospect, they had to save General Motors. But they could've laid down tougher conditions.","What do you think about when you see some of the accounts in recent weeks about General Motors concealing what seems to have been a major problem which led to injury and death?","Eternal vigilance of the regulator is required. And the auto safety agency fell down on the job. It's just that simple. I think now we're going to get stronger legislation as a result of the GM debacle. A lot of good will come from it, unfortunately because of these fatalities.","Ralph Nader. His new book \"Unstoppable: The Emerging Left-Right Alliance To Dismantle The Corporate State. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to explain or describe something, often to make a complex idea easier to understand or to create a vivid image in the listener's mind.","questions":"Which literary device might the speaker be using in turn 2?","answer":"Analogy"}
{"text":["And what about men?After all, they groom too, especially their beards. So, they need tables of their own. Well, these vanities aren't really tables. Men stood to shave at narrow cabinets with stacks of drawers for their grooming supplies. One glossy modern piece caught my eye.","It's red and it's plastic by Raymond Loewy. The design date is 1969. It was manufactured and he made variations on the theme. But this is the men's shaving stand. And as you see, there's no place to sit. So, he combined sort of the historical idea of men's dressing tables with new contemporary materials, the molded plastic. He has no handles, but the grips on the drawers come out of the molded plastic. And the mirror, again, pops up. When you pull it down, it looks like just one closed cabinet. But in fact it's a men's shaving stand.","What is it, do you think, in the human psyche that we - so many of us - I mean, look at the human history that's shown here in this exhibit - need to look at ourselves, at least for a time, to begin the day?","It is inexplicable, it's innate. It's something in our gene pool. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"What is it, do you think, in the human psyche that we - so many of us - I mean, look at the human history that's shown here in this exhibit - need to look at ourselves, at least for a time, to begin the day?\"","questions":"How does PersonB describe the human behavior of looking at oneself at the beginning of the day?","answer":"Innate."}
{"text":["And this could sound obvious, and this could sound like a no-brainer. But the reality in Mexico is that whenever a journalist is killed, investigators - their first reaction is to always try to find a motive that is not related to journalistic work. So they find any other motive - economic motive or maybe a passion motive, anything except journalistic work because they don't want to admit that they have a problem of press freedom in their hands. But I think in this case it is really obvious why Javier Valdez was killed.","Yeah. This is going to sound naive. But why do you think it's important to do stories like that?I mean, drug cartels - people often prefer just to look the other way - don't they?","Well, yes. But if you don't report on them, then nobody else will. And it is not just the stories about the drug cartels. It is the stories about the consequences that they are unleashing in Mexican public life in every level. I live in a city that, for years, was the turf in a turf war between two drug cartels. And the effects of the violence that they unleashed was devastating for the city because investment never came in. Jobs were not created. Nightlife shut down. People stopped going out on the street. We all started to distrust from one another. Neighborhoods began putting up gates and fences, and so it was really disruptive.","Your newspaper was attacked, wasn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  asking if the newspaper has been attacked in the past.","questions":"How was the newspaper affected?","answer":"Attacked"}
{"text":["Hi, how are you?","I'm fine, and we're very glad to have you. Let me ask you about South Carolina's primary, the first in the South. This is supposed to clear out some of the underbrush and let us see which candidates are survivors, also to show us something about this region. Could you give us a thumbnail sketch of why South Carolina matters?","South Carolina, because it's the first in the South, is the first test candidates face as whether or not they will have Southern appeal. And that's a big deal because the entire 11-state South makes up 59 percent of all the Electoral College votes you need to win the presidency in the general election. So if a Republican candidate in the modern era can sweep the South, they become president. But if a Democratic candidate can crack the South with two states, they become president. And South Carolina is the first test of support in this region.","Up to this point now, we've been watching Republican voters react to Donald Trump and Republican candidates try to overtake him. Is South Carolina in 2016 in some kind of position to clarify that?Should we look for anybody to break out maybe in the GOP debate tonight, or is Trump just going to sail through South Carolina and presumably the South?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: Is South Carolina in a position to determine the fate of the Republican primary race between Donald Trump and the other candidates? Will there be any candidates that stand out in the GOP debate tonight, or will Trump be the clear winner?","questions":"What is the main factor that determines a Republican candidate's chances of winning the presidency in the general election?","answer":"Electoral"}
{"text":["Yeah, thank you.","So tell us what the article said.","Well, it's very interesting. It's in the Jesuit magazine La Civilta Cattolica. It's a very historic magazine, the Jesuits, of course, being the same order that Pope Francis - an order of priest that Pope Francis is a part of. And what's very interesting is that these two authors are known to be quite close to him. One, Antonio Spadaro, was the person who interviewed him in 2013 and made a big splash. And what they're saying is that they're concerned about ties between fundamental evangelicals and, kind of, right-wing Catholics in the U. S.  that are focused only on very neuralgic issues and kind of dividing in politics.","And the article, I believe, specifically talks about xenophobic and Islamophobic views.","Yeah. What the authors say is that, you know, Pope Francis has really been trying to create a culture of dialogue encounter, really working with people across all the spectrums. And what the two authors in this article are saying is that these right-wing groups in the U. S.  have been really doing the opposite. Where Pope Francis is trying to build bridges, they're trying to build walls. And they're playing up concerns about migration, about refugees. And they're kind of operating in the exact opposite way of the pope which, for a Catholic, is obviously a very strange thing.","All right, this article also directly mentions President Donald Trump and his adviser Steve Bannon. What does it say about them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Xenophobic and Islamophobic views\" - The literal meaning is a fear or dislike of foreigners or Islamic religion.","questions":"How does the article specifically describe the views mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Xenophobic"}
{"text":["Mr.  Jones\u2026","Yes?","\u2026when you think about the issues of justice and in - for so long, we as African-Americans have and many of us have debated what does justice mean in this life, what does justice mean in the next life, do you think that there is racial justice?Do you think that there will be racial justice on this Earth?","Yes, I do. I believe that we are at a profound transition point. Martin King would say today, there's no way we can make the transition to the 21st century unless we leave the baggage of slavery and racism behind.","And I think to talk about current events, I think that he would both be disappointed and appalled in what's going on in the political discourse. He would be disappointed because when the Senator Obama is criticized in the speech he gave in Philadelphia, Martin would say, well, hold on, America seems to be deeply afflicted by amnesia about how it cheated these African-American people over the past 20th century.","But I think he'd applaud the fact that Senator Obama did what should have been done earlier and needs to be done. You see what Senator Obama did, he walked into the national living room of America and acknowledged and then talked to the 800-pound gorilla of race relations that everybody knew was sitting in there for the 20th century."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker believes that the country needs to move past the legacy of slavery and racism to make progress. The reference to Martin Luther King Jr. suggests that the speaker believes in King's philosophy of non-violent protest and advocacy for civil rights.","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion on the baggage of slavery and racism?","answer":"Progress"}
{"text":["I think Napoleon hated him partly because he didn't like the fact that this 6-foot-plus, incredibly dashing and physically brilliant general was such a contrast to him in every way. Napoleon, the brilliant strategist. So Napoleon didn't like being showed up. Also, he didn't like being confronted. He hated that and Dumas was really somebody who couldn't stop from speaking his mind.","And in 1798, Napoleon leads what they call the Expedition to Egypt, which is the French invasion of the Egypt. And he confronted Napoleon and said, essentially, I think this is an unjust and ill-considered, crazy venture. We're losing thousands of men to disease and what are we trying to do?Bring an empire to the Middle East?that's not why I joined the Revolution. I joined the Revolution to bring liberty, equality and fraternity to people.","And that confrontation, which was a public confrontation, was something that Napoleon could never forgive.","How did General Dumas wind up in prison?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"What did General Dumas confront Napoleon about during the Expedition to Egypt?","answer":"Venture"}
{"text":["Thank you. Thank you for saying snot-like. Not a - I don't believe we've had that phrase on our show before. So what is there. . .","It's a first.","What is there about this delightful mucus of the tongue?","Well, we spent a few years studying the frog tongue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implies that A and their team had been studying the frog tongue for a few years.","questions":"What did PersonA spend a few years studying?","answer":"tongue"}
{"text":["Well, up until about two decades ago there were no rights for crime victims. Victims were treated basically as another part of the evidence of the crime. So, really we've seen a great development in crime victims' rights in the criminal and juvenile justice systems since that time.","Who pioneered that change?","Really, it was driven by the experience of victims and survivors themselves. Like the example of Miss Hawkins, who turned the worst event in her life into a catalyst to make a difference for other people, so that other people wouldn't have to go through the same thing that she went through, that's the story of the Victims' Rights Movement. It has been people who felt that they were so poorly treated by the criminal justice system, that they had to make a difference and make sure it would be better for the next person.","How would you define victims' rights?Just you know, what do you think victims' rights really means?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Victims themselves have been the driving force behind the development of victims' rights.","questions":"Which entity has been the driving force behind the development of victims' rights?","answer":"Victims"}
{"text":["So, I'm a little concern about that, especially with the amount of technology connections that they have made through this campaign, and the amount of donors that they've received through online mechanisms. So it's going to be interesting to see how this plays out. But, clearly somebody is going to want that data Farai. There's no way out that the Democratic. . .","Don't let Sascha get a hold of the mass email list. And you know, start asking for Christmas presents or something.","Let me tell you, somebody in the Democratic Party. . .","I'm glad you clarified that. Somebody in the Democratic Party is definitely saying, hmm, that's a gold mine of data sitting right there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asking for Chrstmas presents implies they need the things they are looking for and hope they get them.","questions":"How does Sascha feel about the mass email list?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Dr.  Jason Karlawish is a professor of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. He says the most significant breakthrough in Alzheimer's research is that doctors no longer have to wait until after a patient has died to diagnose the disease.","DR.  JASON KARLAWISH: We are beginning to be able to see the disease during life. Imaging techniques are allowing us to see things like amyloid buildup in the brain using PET scan imaging. We can also see it on MRI scanning and spinal fluid analysis. These are still emerging concepts but the notion that it can, quote, \"only be diagnosed with an autopsy\" is, I think, a fading notion.","What are the treatment options that are available at this moment?","Pharmacologic treatments are certain available. They're modest in their affects in modifying the clinical symptoms of the disease for relatively short periods of time. But there are other treatments, though, that are effective. Psychological and educational and behavioral interventions have clearly been shown to reduce the burden of disease on patients as well as families."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The way people communicate can reveal their values, beliefs, and attitudes, and understanding these can help build stronger relationships and resolve conflicts.","questions":"What can understanding the values, beliefs, and attitudes of people through communication help build?","answer":"Relationships"}
{"text":["North Korea is on the verge of a nuclear breakout. It has an arsenal estimated in the mid-teens. It's been assiduously testing ballistic missiles. It does have reach. It could target America's regional allies. The real inflection point here is that by 2020, they could have a hundred nuclear weapons instead of the mid-teens with long-range ballistic missiles that could reach the U. S.  homeland, which would make it a game-changer for the United States.","Well, how?","Well, it would allow them to directly target the United States. And that's a level of vulnerability we've never had from a state like North Korea. I mean, when I got into this business, I couldn't have conceived of a state like North Korea, essentially a failed state, having a nuclear arsenal approaching half the size of Great Britain's.","We're left with, really, three bad options - one - you know - bomb, negotiate or acquiesce. And the military option is so prohibitively costly it could lead to a catastrophic second Korean War. And when we can't - when we won't negotiate, we end up in that third box of acquiescing to the development of North Korean capabilities. And I believe there's a moment - a conjunction of factors that call for a pivot to serious diplomacy.","Well, what would that serious diplomacy look like?I mean, I - the United States would have to - what?- accept a. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: This turn's use of humor or sarcasm may indicate a deeper subtext or intention, highlighting the potential for indirect communication to convey complex messages.","questions":"How does turn 2 convey a deeper subtext or intention?","answer":"Humor"}
{"text":["Does an event like this and forecast like that have the effect of concentrating the mind of not just financial planners. . .",". . . but people in Congress making these decisions. And I hear a little laugh.","You would think it would. And in the past, it has. I mean, as they gotten closer to the deadline, enough fear spread that they could pass something or do something or kick the can or whatever. But this time, one of the things that makes this time feel different is that there really are a lot of House Republicans who say, ah, let it default. It'll just shrink the government, will be all good. And it is an act of - I don't even know how to describe it. It's insanity.","Yeah. Well, Austan Goolsbee, I believe, used that word. Quick last question, if we could. So, October 17th is a real deadline but you think some of the effects, potentially, will be down the road."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The phrase \"kick the can\" is a metaphorical expression meaning to delay dealing with a problem. Additionally, the phrase \"let it default\" is a figurative expression meaning to allow the United States to default on its debts.","questions":"Which phrase used by House Republicans shows their willingness to allow the United States to default on its debts?","answer":"Let"}
{"text":["And those two factors - genetic variation and large populations - are perfect recipes for Darwinian evolution. So RNA viruses evolve very quickly. They adapt very quickly. If they pass from one species of host into another - for instance, from a bat, or a monkey or a rodent, into humans - they seem to have a better chance of flourishing, of adapting to the new host and finding ways to transmit onward. So the RNA viruses, the single-stranded RNA viruses, are particularly on the watch list for the disease scientists who study this field.","I'm Flora Lichtman, and this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with David Quammen about his book \"Spillover. \"Are we reservoir hosts for viruses that have caused pandemics in other animals?","Well, certainly we've caused disease. It does go the other way. It can go either direction whenever there's fairly close contact. For instance, Jane Goodall's chimps in Gombe in Tanzania, in the late '60s, suffered what seems to have been a little epidemic of polio. A number of the Gombe chimps died.","And that polio virus is thought to be non-zoonotic. It's thought to be a virus that only affects humans, but it's capable of passing from humans into chimps. So it seems to have made those chimps sick and killed some of them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Humans and chimpanzees can transmit viruses to each other.","questions":"What two animals can transmit viruses to each other?","answer":"Humans,Chimpanzees"}
{"text":[". . . (Laughter) In our house. And suddenly, we're being taken to go and see \"Gone With The Wind\" in the cinema.","(Laughter).","So for me, I just remember this incredible sense of vertigo and glancing at my mother constantly, like, is this OK?Are we allowed to do this?","How did working on this make sense of your childhood for you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) In turn (1), the speaker uses the phrase \"taken to go and see\" to mean that they were brought to see the movie \"Gone With The Wind\" in the cinema. The phrase \"taken to go\" does not have a literal meaning that makes sense, but it is a common idiom that means to be brought or escorted somewhere.","questions":"How was the speaker brought to see \"Gone With The Wind\" in the cinema?","answer":"Brought"}
{"text":["OK, now let's talk nuts and bolts here, Nick. How close are we to actually getting something of practical use outside of the experimental laboratory here?","We don't know because we're relying on technology to improve to bring those prices down. But we've looked at what's been going on in the last few years, driven by genome research. And the most expensive stage is synthesizing DNA - the prices there drop by a factor of 10 about every five years. So 10 years from now, it will be 100 times cheaper, and our projections are that at that point it's something you or I might be able to afford to do for information that was of great value to us that we wanted to keep on something like a 50-year time scale.","And that's something like - you know, maybe that will be my children taking a video recording of their wedding and wanting to put that somewhere safe for their grandchildren. It will be expensive, but it will be possible. And if you care enough about the information you want to pass down through a couple of generations, you might choose to do it.","I'll place it on the shelf right next to my 3-D printer when I. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : nuts and bolts in this context means schematics, or the finer details","questions":"How does the cost of synthesizing DNPersonA drop over time?","answer":"Decreases"}
{"text":["There are laws that do govern whether the - whether U. S.  individuals can serve as officers, can enlist in foreign militaries, but it's unclear if they're ever enforced and what the penalties really are because of various Supreme Court decisions. You've seen how Americans have served in the French - well, I've mentioned French Foreign Legion in the article, the Israeli Defense Forces. And these are not mercenaries.","A lot of Americans enlisted in the British Army during World War II.","Sure, right. And these are not - you wouldn't call them mercenaries. But I don't know that there's a distinction if you then join a foreign military just for the money. Now - and by the way, this doesn't apply to people who join ISIS or the Taliban or somebody who fights against the U. S.  or a U. S.  ally.","That really is against the law."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It's possible for U.S. individuals to serve in foreign militaries, but it's unclear if there are consequences for doing so","questions":"How is it unclear whether there are consequences for U.S. individuals serving in foreign militaries?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["So he infected more than his share, and then there was the other fellow at the hotel who infected more than his share.","It really - your book really made me feel a huge debt of gratitude to people who work in the health care industry because it can be really heroic work, and it seems like they put their life on the line in some cases.","Oh absolutely yeah. Some of the people I spent time with, I document, I describe, I tell stories of their field work. I went with some of them to places like a rooftop in Bangladesh in the middle of the night, the roof of a warehouse where a wonderful scientist named Jon Epstein who works for EcoHealth Alliance, was trapping, again, giant fruit bats to look for a disease, a virus called Nipah.","Now this is not the same NEPA that your previous guest referred to, not the National Environmental Policy Act. This is N-I-P-A-H, named after a village in peninsular Malaysia where this virus was first identified. So Jon Epstein is on the roof of a warehouse in Bangladesh in the middle of the night wearing goggles and welder's gloves and a respirator mask, handling these giant fruit bats that he's catching in a mist net, taking them into a provisional lab, drawing blood samples from them, knowing that the virus is probably there somewhere and that it's a very lethal virus."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The virus Nipah is lethal and can be transmitted from fruit bats to humans.","questions":"How is Nipah transmitted?","answer":"From"}
{"text":["Everybody else in the theater did. I didn't.","Oh, yeah, right.","Every single person cried except for me.","Oh, yeah, because they were only slicing onions for you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A did not cry while everyone else did at the theater.","questions":"What did everyone else do at the theater except A?","answer":"Cried"}
{"text":["Lastly, Mara, I have to ask you because it just seems that, week after week, tensions between this administration and the press grows more hostile. You're in that White House briefing room day in and day out. How would you describe the atmosphere?","The atmosphere is tense and contentious, but it always has been between the White House press corps and the press secretary. I think that the Trump administration has taken this to a new level. You have a president who considers the media a foil, calls the mainstream press the enemy of the people, fake news, dishonest, disgusting, horrible people. So part of his political strategy is to demonize reporters and the media. So, of course, that's going to show up in the briefing room.","That's NPR's national political correspondent, Mara Liasson. Thank you, as always.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The atmosphere is how people are feeling toward one another and treating one another.","questions":"What is the topic of the dialogue?","answer":"Press"}
{"text":["That raises the point - did he wind up being useful to the Qatar regime?","Well, the lobbyists said that they didn't make any specific asks of the people who went to Doha. But they just hoped, and it turns out they were right about this, that these people would say nice things about Qatar and just sort of start to change the conversation that they thought the president might be picking up on through the media that he listens to, the social media that he uses and the people that he has in the White House.","Alan Dershowitz - as an example, he wrote a very glowing column about his visit in The Hill newspaper. And then, people like Governor Huckabee tweeted a couple of nice things about Doha and how lovely it was. The radio host who went over, John Batchelor, actually broadcast from Doha for a week and then spoke very glowingly afterwards in very positive terms, you know, really saying that the U. S.  ought to embrace this country more. And, indeed, when the emir visited the White House in April of this year, which, in and of itself, was a big move, the president seemed very friendly with him, very open to him and called him and his country a friend of the U. S.  And so to these lobbyists' minds, what they did worked.","What are the implications of this new approach in lobbying?I mean, I'm wondering - would Qatar or some other power start trying to get close to the people who are Mar-a-Lago members and might see Mr.  Trump over the relish tray?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite not making any specific requests, the lobbyists were successful in getting people to say positive things about Qatar.","questions":"Which lobbyists were successful?","answer":"The"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, I learned quite a bit. And the year that I worked at the maximum security federal penitentiary in Atlanta, one of my primary responsibilities was to administer an assessment called it the psychopathy checklist. And psychopathy is a clinical diagnosis for someone who has a natural criminal disposition, someone who receives gratification out of a variety of criminal and risky lifestyle behaviors. And my dissertation was looking at the psychometric properties - when I say psychometric properties, I mean whether or not this test is a fit test, if it's appropriate to use, if it gets the kind of information that we need it to get for a certain populations. And I did an assessment of this instrument on African-American male inmates.","And what prompted me to do that particular study was because the instrument that we were using, the Hare Psychopathy Checklist, was originally normed on a Canadian inmate population that had very few African-Americans in it. I guess no African-American as we think of them in the United States, and maybe some Afro-Canadians. And so - but it's widely use in the criminal justice system here in the United States. And so the risk with that, if you're giving assessment to African-Americans, but the norm reference is white Americans, then there are certain risks involve with that.","So you think that there can be a question of whether or not even how we think about these criminal justice issues is reflective of racial differences. But the whole idea of racial differences on any level has been one of the biggest bonfires of world culture, you know.","Right."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Hare Psychopathy Checklist might not be accurate for African-Americans","questions":"Which checklist might not be accurate for African-Americans?","answer":"Hare"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, you know, I've been all over places talking about this because clearly as a scientist who understands the peer review literature and the president of the AMS, who recently released a 2012 climate change statement, I know that climate change is an issue and there are things that we need to be concerned about with human-caused climate change and the natural climate change.","But on tornados, the peer review literature is just not very mature on this right now. It's much more mature on the link between climate change and drought or heat waves or even the intensity of rainfall, and even more so as well on hurricanes in terms of the intensity of hurricanes, perhaps, increasing in the future. And if I were to cascade along that spectrum, scientific literature relating individual tornadic occurrence in climate change is very immature at this point","I think we have to be careful on that jump, although I know there's a tendency to do it. There is great deal of research ongoing right now at places like Purdue University or even by one of our doctoral students, Victo Gensini, here at the University of Georgia, looking at climate change and the type of environment that might emerge that could support, you know, tornadic storms, wind shear profiles that Jeff Trapp and others at Purdue have been doing this work as well. So that's sort of where we are, and I think we just have to be very careful on sort of causality for individual tornadic storms.","And that's where we have to leave it. Thank you for joining us today, Dr.  Shepherd."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : On tornadoes there is not a lot of peer review literature to read. There are more articles and studies on climate change and drought and other things. If the person were to glance at articles in those areas he would still find very few on tornadic activity.","questions":"How mature is the peer review literature on tornadic occurrence?","answer":"Immature"}
{"text":["You had to actually take the thing apart to change games.","Take out the battery and everything to change games.","That would be a drawback.","That's a drawback. And number two - they didn't have any games. There was, like, two games that were worth playing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : : (3) and (4). The implied meaning of (3) is that it would be a disadvantage to have to take the thing apart to change games. The implied meaning of (4) is that there were only a few games available which were worth playing.","questions":"What was the drawback mentioned by B?","answer":"Drawback"}
{"text":["I decided to take matters in my own hands and decided to raise the funds that I need to get the materials that the kids need. The budget wasn't going to change. The only thing is, it was going to get worse. I had decided that I should advertise on my test, and I said, well, if you would like to put a quote or an ad at the bottom of my test, then it'd be kind of a mutual - they help the kids, and then I help them get a little bit of PR out of it.","And so the parents, they responded well?","Absolutely. Back to school night, I had one parent give me a $100 check, and she said, I hope this gets you started, and I actually had a lot of good comments, saying that's very creative and thinking outside the box.","And I've actually gotten emails from parents and one from my school district saying, you know, I am glad somebody is finally speaking up and saying that parents are having a tough time footing the bill for things that should have been paid for through their tax dollars and paid through the school system.","And what did the kids says?I mean, aren't they kind of bombarded by advertising all day long when they are not in school?","They really like the quotes, and they actually look forward to them. I've had students say, hey, what's going to be the next quote, and I tell them, you have to wait."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"if you would like to put a quote or an ad at the bottom of my test, then it'd be kind of a mutual - they help the kids, and then I help them get a little bit of PR out of it.\" - The actual meaning is a suggestion for a mutually beneficial arrangement where the person advertising on the test would get some positive publicity in exchange for helping the kids.","questions":"How did the person offering to advertise on the test benefit from the arrangement?","answer":"PR"}
{"text":["It's very vegetal.","Vegetal.","Yeah.","That's a word?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The actual meaning implied here could be that whatever \"it\" refers to has a strong presence or quality of plant-like characteristics. It might not necessarily mean that \"it\" is literally made of plants or vegetables.","questions":"How would you describe the quality of \"it\"?","answer":"Presence"}
{"text":["Hey, Tony. Is it - has it really been six years?","Yes, it has, 2002.","Oh, my gosh.","We began under the Tavis Smiley banner, you and I and a few other folks.","Oh, yeah.","You know, you were the chair of the U. S.  Civil Rights Commission, and one of the things I wanted to get you to talk about, to help put this in perspective for people, is how media and policies are - our roles have changed dramatically, I think, since that time, particularly as it relates to having a new president in the White House, who just today, as I was noticing, as he was getting on the helicopter to leave the White House to go to Air Force One to come to California, held an impromptu news conference and took a few questions. And one was from a black reporter, and that's not something that we would maybe have seen six years ago."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They started or met during something regarding Tavis Smiley.","questions":"Which civil rights commission did PersonA chair?","answer":"U.S."}
{"text":["So we really need to do research and try to pin that down. Another thing that's critical is - so what is the long-term prospect for our cities and our ports?How much is the sea level going to rise?What are our coast lines going to look like?Well, that depends upon how fast Greenland and parts of the West Antarctic ice sheet melt. That's a big unknown.","There was a piece appearing in the New York Times this week that described new research that basically found even if we curb emissions now, climate change will likely continue until at least the year 3000. Do you feel like there is any solution?Can we ever go back?","We should not think about the fact that we're going to be pristine and back what we were like before the industrial revolution. I think we have to have a different notion. We have used the industrial revolution to get rich. We've improved our quality of life. Now, those very techniques are reducing the quality of life through environmental side effects. Let's try to prevent it from getting a lot worse.","So while we can't stop a few degrees of warming on top of where we already are, we can stop the 10 degrees. My notion is do as much as you can, as fast as you can, as fairly as you can, and as cost effectively as you can, and don't get hung up on the numbers because three degrees is a lot better than six, and 10 degrees is dramatically worse than any other numbers."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They need to do research and find out the answer that they are looking for.","questions":"What is the critical factor they need to determine through research?","answer":"Sea"}
{"text":["I don't know if I'm that much different than a journalist. I just - it's like a mystery that I want to solve that I think everybody's interested in solving. What has gone on and what is going on with Trump and his orbit of people he's dealt with over the years and ties to Russia and Ukraine and all these different matters?","Often when people are doing this kind of thing, they have fact checkers, and they have editors that go over their information, especially if you're a journalist. Do you have anyone that edits you or anyone that you work with that helps you verify the information?","There's some fact checking. But the interviews that I do, I publish them exactly as they're transcribed. I'm not writing an article, per se.","Can I ask you, has your shop - your restaurant, which is very well known here, helped you in your endeavor?Do people walk in to give you tips, try and contact you through that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) Implies that the speaker is asking if the person they are talking to has anyone that helps them verify the facts that they are gathering. ","questions":"Which turn implies that the interviewer is asking if the person they are talking to has received any help from their well-known restaurant?","answer":"Turn1"}
{"text":["What should people really be thinking about in terms of the drivers of heart disease?","Well, you know, the things that we know so well, like obesity and diabetes and smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure and sedentary - lack of exercise, those are the biggies. They're not going to go away. They are so much more overshadowing this tiny and questionable effect of blood group.","And of course if there was a blood group effect, which is quite questionable, as you already pointed out, we don't have a whole lot of control about that, but we do about much of our lifestyle.","Are these things, do they work in concert together, or is there sort of one big driver?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It implies the factors that increases the risk of heart disease.","questions":"What are the big risk factors for heart disease?","answer":"Obesity"}
{"text":["In real terms, it could be all of them. When this rolls out, we have to roll it out very carefully. Anything that is attached to the artwork must do no damage. So it's easy or relatively easy to tag - put the tag on the back of a painting. It's not going to be visible from the front and it's a relatively straightforward process. And I say relatively because the adhesion processes have to be very carefully analyzed. The second stage of this is actually getting into artwork with, for example, contemporary art that is in the form of sculptures. And we have to develop a methodology to apply these tags to non-flat surfaces.","And how expensive is a DNA embed, Mr.  Tenniswood?","So basic costs of the tag will probably be about $150 per piece of art.","Well, big museums can afford that, although some of the large collections that's - that'll be quite a lot of money, won't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the literal meaning is a straightforward question about the cost of DNA embedding. However, the implied meaning is that the cost of DNA embedding may be high or prohibitive, and the question is intended to confirm this suspicion.","questions":"How does the question in turn 1 confirm the suspicion about the cost of DNPersonA embedding?","answer":"confirms"}
{"text":["It's good to be here, Tony.","You know, you've been getting pretty hot under the collar about this issue, I understand. Why is it such a concern for you?","It's a concern for me because it's a misunderstanding that a lot of ex-convicts have. If you have a felony it has been in the past that often states do restrict or disenfranchise those who have a felony conviction. Those laws have changed over the years, and now in most states it's no longer the case, or there are means by which you can get your civil rights back. But a lot of people - a lot of ex-convicts or felons that I knew that ended up in my court system simply rested on the false notion that they did not have the ability to vote. And that ended and that kept them from further embracing or engaging in the community, and kept them separate, and apart, and not where they needed to be.","Is it a situation where an ex-felon is allowed - is entitled to have his or her voting rights restored, but the process by which those voting rights are restored is so cumbersome that they either don't know about it or they don't go through it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is reassuring to be accepted and welcomed here by Tony.","questions":"What is Tony's response to PersonA's statement in turn 0?","answer":"You-know"}
{"text":["The big one was that they died of lead poisoning due to the canning of the canned tin goods. The problem with that - these guys hadn't eaten any tin food. It was only three months into their voyage.","It was a dire situation anyway you look at it. But, of course, in your book, it wasn't dire enough. You throw in an Arctic beast.","I do, an unexplained Arctic beast that we never see. And the reason for that is I wanted something to personify just the terror, the horror of the darkness, the five months of darkness, the terrible cold - 100 degrees below zero - the constricting ice that you had to listen to against the hull, you know, all the time.","What would be the best-case scenario for you if they find which ship it is?What would you like to know?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  B: \"It wasn't dire enough\" - The literal meaning suggests that the situation was not severe enough, but in the context of the conversation, it implies that the situation was already very dire, and adding an Arctic beast to the story made it even more terrifying.","questions":"What did PersonB suggest about the situation in the conversation?","answer":"Severe"}
{"text":["Oh, yeah. There's just devastation to all the homes. Power lines are down, broken by trees. Just devastation everywhere. I mean, mold in the homes is already setting in. Just everything is destroyed.","Alison, do you worry about some of the chemicals and the detritus that's left behind?","I do worry about the chemicals. You know, none of us are by any means professionals, but there's fiberglass in the insulation. There's mold. We don't know if there's sewage covering, you know, these belongings are anything, but we do the best we can by wearing masks and gloves. And that's pretty much all we can do for now because you can't wait long to clean these homes up or it just gets worse. So we're doing the best we can now with the tools we have available to us.","Yeah. Alison Reagan, let me ask you. People in Houston and the rest of Southeast Texas have have won so much admiration from Americans this week for reacting to these terrible events with such courage and pluck. Is there something you learned about human beings, about your neighbors and strangers this week that you'd like to pass on to us?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Asking if people are concerned about the potential health risks caused by the debris and contamination left behind.","questions":"What do they wear while cleaning the homes?","answer":"masks"}
{"text":["Do you think that this case is going to spur new changes to procedure or to policy regarding migrant care?","Investigations into this latest migrant death are still ongoing. The FBI, local police, CBP all have their own investigations, which may eventually shed some more light on what exactly went wrong here. But I think we're already hearing calls for these agencies to just follow the law and hand over migrant children to Health and Human Services within 72 hours as they are supposed to do. For their part, the agencies say they're trying to comply, but they need more resources. Not only are these Border Patrol stations overwhelmed, but the migrant shelters that are overseen by HHS are also near capacity.","One more thing - today the president appointed an immigration hard-liner, Ken Cuccinelli, to a post inside the Homeland Security Department. How could this affect immigration policy?","Right. This is the former attorney general of Virginia who ran for governor on a hard-line immigration platform a few years ago. He's already been a White House adviser on immigration. He has advocated for sending more troops to the border and stopping the migrant caravans that were a big story last year. Now Cuccinelli is going to have a formal role inside the Department of Homeland Security.","To me, this shows that President Trump is doubling down on his crackdown on immigrants that is likely to be a central focus of his 2020 reelection campaign. Though of course, as immigrant advocates point out, that strategy seems to have backfired, at least in part, when Republicans lost the House in last year's midterm elections.","That's NPR's Joel Rose. Joel, thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : President Trump's immigration policy may have hurt Republican's midterm election results","questions":"What was the focus of President Trump's 2020 reelection campaign?","answer":"Immigration"}
{"text":["Will you try and legislate in spite of the president instead of with him?I mean, it seems that he is distracting from what the Republican Congress is trying to do.","Oh, absolutely. I think we'll move forward without that. I think that the president can certainly - I mean, it would be helpful, obviously, if the president makes that pivot - and I certainly hope that he does - where he's certainly more deliberate, more thoughtful in his approach - certainly gets off this Twitter stuff (laughter) - where, you know, I think that, as commander in chief - and I've said this before - that the men and women who serve this country in uniform want to see a president focused on the fact that we're a nation at war and not in a Twitter war with Rosie O'Donnell.","And so I think - I hope that this president can self-correct - this presidency can stabilize. But the Congress needs to move forward with policies that matter to the American people. And the president is doing something important right now in having visited Saudi Arabia - and to strengthen our alliance with Saudi Arabia, to counter that Iranian - Syrian, certainly under Assad, and Russia axis of power that is strengthening.","You know, you're talking about Twitter, but there were reports last week that the president disclosed sensitive intelligence information from Israel to Russian diplomats in an Oval Office meeting. You're a veteran. Do you have any concerns about the president's national security judgment, just briefly?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"get off this Twitter stuff\" - figurative meaning, implies that the president should stop using social media as a means of communication and focus on more important issues.","questions":"How does PersonA suggest the president should change his behavior?","answer":"Stop"}
{"text":["I have to say, I'm a huge believer in the laws of political physics. The first one is gravity. And the sheer idiocy of what he said seems to me - it is going to drag him down. The second one is momentum. And you saw yesterday what was clearly a coordinated message on the part of Senator McConnell, Senator Cornyn and Governor Romney, to say, you've got 24 hours to think it over, buddy. They left the buddy out. Think what's best for you, what's best for your family, what's best for the Republican Party. They didn't say that, not necessarily in that order. It's the way we're thinking about it. And it may be that Mr.  Akin will hold on past close of business today. But I have to say, I'll be just stunned if he is the nominee who's on the ticket in November.","The deadline is 5 P. M. , Central Time. Ruth Marcus, thank you very much.","Thanks a lot.","Ruth Marcus is an editorial writer for The Washington Post. She joined us from a studio at the newspaper. Her piece is called \"Self-Preservation, Meet Cynicism. \"You can find a link to it on our website. That's at npr. org. Click on TALK OF THE NATION. And this is TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : gravity implies that in politics a person's actions can hinder them from acting further","questions":"Which law of political physics does PersonA believe is going to drag someone down in the dialogue?","answer":"Idiocy"}
{"text":["I hate to see it fade out.","Yeah, me too.","There's another story that really sounds like it has to be made up, about the driver who brought a hotshot guitarist from Macon, Georgia to Stax for a session.","Yeah. The driver kept bugging the musicians in the studio to give him a chance. And someone had promised him, OK, buddy, you know, chill out for a second. You'll get your chance. When nothing happened with the big talent, people had already started packing up their cars when they remembered, oh yeah, we got to let this guy try."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) A is implying that the driver was persistent and eventually was given a chance, even though it almost was forgotten.","questions":"What did the driver want from the musicians in the studio?","answer":"Chance"}
{"text":["For sure. I remember I approached my mom with an article by the CDC and asked why, according to the CDC, vaccines don't cause autism and why mercury is not this extremely dangerous substance and poison found in vaccines that, you know, some people like herself would claim. And her response was simply, that's what they want you to think.","And I was just blown away that, you know, the largest health organization in the entire world would be written off with a conspiracy theory-like statement like that. And so moments like that I can recall back to, where I just thought, like, the concern with the evidence is not here.","When did you get vaccinated?When did you start?","I had two vaccines when I was 2 years old. My mom claims that one of those did not happen, or it happened against her will, and the only vaccine I should have gotten was a tetanus shot when I was 2. And that was it. Alongside that, I've never got any other vaccines - hepatitis, polio - anything."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to approach someone with something in this context means you are showing them something","questions":"What was the response of PersonA's mother when asked about vaccines?","answer":"Conspiracy"}
{"text":["I think both can be true. I think - look. It's outrageous that there's an invoice. But it's not new. The invoice was not given lately. It was given to Special Representative Yun when he went to North Korea to collect Otto Warmbier. And at that point, when you're giving that invoice, you sign, and you leave. So it's not new. That's one. Second, it's not unique, either. When. . .","It's not unique to negotiations with North Korea or. . .","Correct - North Korea specifically.","North Korea specifically has a habit of this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : North Korea has a history of engaging in this type of behavior during negotiations.","questions":"Which country's behavior during negotiations is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"North-Korea"}
{"text":["So Iran, I think, is going to respond to what it sees as its advantage. If the Trump administration were prepared to say we're going to remove a good part of the sanctions on Iran if you will sit down at the table, I think Iran would probably take that very seriously. The Trump administration, because of its opposition to the nuclear deal, created a crisis that really wasn't necessary.","And it could get worse. There is a real chance of misperception and misunderstanding that leads to military conflict. And I think this is something that nobody wants.","That's Gary Sick. He's a senior research scholar at Columbia University's Middle East Institute. Mr.  Sick, thank you so much for talking to us.","It was a pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation between Iran and the US may lead to a military conflict, which nobody wants.","questions":"What is the potential outcome of the situation between Iran and the US?","answer":"Conflict"}
{"text":["Yeah. And the police have actually been very open about this, and they've done a number of internal investigations. And they believe if everything had gone absolutely properly and correctly, they could've been there 16 minutes earlier. Part of the problem here, though, because they have taken something some - a fair amount of criticism I thought was unfair, They didn't have a plan for this because why would you?I mean, who sits around and dreams up a plan in a country with a miniscule violent crime rate to expect that someone's going to blow up Central Oslo and then drive out to a youth summer camp on an island and start gunning people down?","I mean, that's not going to rank high in the probability scale. There was a fair amount of distance to cover, and they had a problem with the boat. You know, I spent some time with a police officer named Hakon Hval, who was one of the first to respond. He had worked in that district, the North Buskerud District for, I believe, eight years at that point, and he'd never been to Utoya. There had never been a reason to go to Utoya. But he was driving one of the boats, and he turned to pick up some Delta commandos. And when they all got in the boat, the bow of the boat pushed out on some rocks and was grounded. So to get the bow up, they shuffled to the back and the stern just. . .","Flooded the engine, yes.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The boat had engine trouble and flooded due to a group of Delta commandos shuffling to the back","questions":"Which group caused the flooding of the boat's engine?","answer":"Group"}
{"text":["I don't know many, but I know they exist - the person that doesn't really want fiction. They want nonfiction. They want something smart to read. I'm thinking more along the lines of, like, Ron Chernow's \"Hamilton\" that everybody became obsessed with, that read like fiction but was actually the book that's going to impress people that you read this summer.","That's right. There's literally a picture of Lin-Manuel Miranda on the beach reading that, but it's an old. . .","(Laughter).","In any case, yes. So there's a wonderful book that I think actually kind of brings together a lot of our - of our genres. And it's called \"Murder By The Book. \"It's by Claire Harman. And it's about a murder in Victorian London in which a minor aristocrat is murdered by his valet. Now, it actually does sound like fiction, right?It's nonfiction. But what's so wonderful about it is this guy's defense was that he had read a popular novel, and the book made me do it, which is kind of a wonderful thing if you think about what fiction can do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Not \"everybody\" was obsessed with Chernow's book. This is an exaggeration, but is meant to convey that the book was popular.","questions":"Which book was the murder case centered around in \"Murder By The Book\"?","answer":"Popular"}
{"text":["Well, it certainly, was fine with you because I'm reading from your book here. This is what you said about non-African-American writers. Quote, \"I have learned over the years as much about African-American life from non-African-American writers as I have from African-Americans. \"That's interesting.","Yeah, I've read some very important books. I mean, there've been some very important scholars in my field which I deal with African-American studies. There've been some very important non-African-Americans who have written in that field and - who've done tremendous, pioneering work in that field and who were important. And I've learned a great deal from them as a result. I feel no reason to discriminate against them in any way. I remembered that John Hope Franklin once told me that in the south African-American colleges he said were he called - were integrated so he called them, these islands of civility. I like to think that the volumes that we're putting out are sort of islands of civility where, you know, lots of people can, you know, be shoulder to shoulder.","Gerald Early, thank you very much. Good luck with this project.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : No actual islands, but small groups of people that acted civilly toward one another surrounded by large groups that did not.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the volumes they are putting out?","answer":"Civility"}
{"text":["And obviously, Florida is a very important state. It's no coincidence he's kicking off his campaign there. Where else do you expect to see President Trump in the months ahead?","So he'll be back in Florida; we know that for sure. It's a key state in that he isn't president without winning Florida, and he needs it for re-election. But you can also expect to see him in those other states that he won very narrowly in the upper Midwest - Wisconsin, Michigan. And the campaign is stretching. They want insurance. And at this point, they have money. They've been fundraising since Inauguration Day. And they are stretching, trying to reach into states you wouldn't expect, like Minnesota or even New Mexico and New Hampshire, which Hillary Clinton won last time around.","That's NPR White House correspondent Tamara Keith at President Trump's rally in Orlando, Fla. Thanks, Tam.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : President Trump's campaign is targeting swing states for re-election","questions":"How is President Trump's campaign strategizing for re-election?","answer":"Swing"}
{"text":["So this didn't happen overnight. Russian agents start making covert research visits to the United States all the way back in 2014. They used that information to then begin these social media accounts about different political issues, and they start gaining momentum, getting hundreds, then thousands, then hundreds of thousands of likes and follows, even gaining legitimacy and reach by getting retweets and engagement from people in President Trump's orbit, people like Kellyanne Conway, Donald Trump Jr. , engaged with this content.","And then you think back to 2016 when these social media companies were basically saying, we don't have much of a role in election interference. And this report really shows that that's not true. This content was seen by as many as 126 million people on Facebook alone.","Now let's talk about the issue of hacking the Democratic National Committee and Hillary Clinton's campaign. What does the report say there?","So this section got really technical, but the report detailed exactly how these Russian agents ended up getting a hold of these emails that ended up on WikiLeaks. It all starts with a phishing campaign. They're able to break into the account of one account holder with the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, and they basically leveraged that access into being able to start exploring the entire Democratic national party network between the DNC and the DCCC."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There are no idiomatic expressions or figurative language in this turn.","questions":"How did social media companies describe their role in election interference in 2016, according to the report?","answer":"refrain"}
{"text":[". . . You are from this area - born in D. C. , raised in Maryland and Virginia - the DMV, as we like to say. So what's it like to be back home now that you're blowing up like this?Can you go to, like, the CVS if you want to without being recognized?","Yeah. I definitely can go to the CVS. You know, sometimes people recognize me, sometimes they don't. But it's a beautiful feeling, and I just can't wait to move back eventually.","How did you start singing or how did you realize you could sing?","I don't know. I just was always singing. I didn't know if it was good or not, but my grandma, she told me that I sounded like an angel. And that maybe - perhaps that kept me going. I mean, I always wanted a solo at the church, and they didn't ever give it to me. But eventually they did, and I froze. But then I killed it. And I just feel like that kind of just followed me all throughout my life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the phrase \"sometimes people recognize me, sometimes they don't\" does not literally mean that the speaker is unrecognizable or that their appearance changes, but rather that their level of fame and recognition varies.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about their ability to go to CVS?","answer":"Can"}
{"text":["That's absolutely correct. The charges themselves don't go to anything about the collusion aspect. I think one thing that's important to understand, though, some folks don't realize this about cooperation - cooperation's like being a little bit pregnant. You're either cooperating or you're not. You have to be completely in (laughter). And the value of somebody like Manafort for the prosecutors may not necessarily be a smoking gun but rather just the fact that he's so familiar with what happened and they'll be interested in that as well.","Let's turn now to Department of Justice's inspector general report on how James Comey and the FBI handled the investigation into Hillary Clinton's private email server. Mr.  Comey didn't come off well, did he?","He did not come off well at all. I think it had been widely thought that he was not going to come off well, and he really violated some basic protocols at the Justice Department. I mean, I was there with Miss Reno as the attorney general. You're very, very careful about anything that could affect a political election. And then on top of that, he is supposed to simply talk about, are they doing the investigation or not?And he really kind of usurped the authority of the prosecutors in making that statement - no reasonable prosecutor would take on this case. He's not a prosecutor there. He is the director of the FBI.","Yeah. At the same time, what do you think of Rudy Giuliani, the president's lawyer, saying that the Mueller investigation ought to be suspended because of the IG report?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"cooperation's like being a little bit pregnant\" - This is a figurative expression meaning that there is no middle ground when it comes to cooperation. Either someone is fully cooperating or not cooperating at all.","questions":"What is the value of someone like Manafort for the prosecutors?","answer":"Familiar"}
{"text":["Very often that's the case, certainly in surface sediments if they come from a lake or from the sea. They're the waste product. We can test them by looking at various isotopes. So there are different isotopes of sulfur, and there's a specific pattern of the isotopes of sulfur that's characteristic for this particular pathway.","And we were able to find that, and not only that but in some examples of the material we looked at we could see little sort of bean-shaped cells, not much more, again, than a micron or a thousandth of a millimeter across, which were sitting on the tissue on the cells of material that was itself being consumed.","So we hypothesize anyway that these may be the creatures caught in the act of eating other creatures.","And so the world was filled at that time with these microscopic creatures, right?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Sitting n\" doesn't seem literal. These tiny cells don't have rear-ends and cannot really sit that way, but it means they are positioned on top of other material.","questions":"How were the tiny cells positioned on the material?","answer":"Positioned"}
{"text":["So how would it come to be that the FAA would tell Boeing, in effect, inspect yourself?","Well, people may be surprised to hear it, but, in fact, that's the norm. For years now, the FAA, with lack of funding and resources, has delegated increasing amounts of this work to industry. And when it comes to certifying new airplanes, that means to Boeing. The FAA, of course, is supposed to have final sign-off on everything. But I talked to one engineer who was involved in the certification of the MAX - told me that there wasn't complete and proper review of the documents. Review was rushed to reach certain certification dates.","And the document that you were looking at - does it show that engineers had real safety concerns a long time ago about this specific system?","No, that document doesn't express their - it's the analysis that went into certification. The feedback I got from safety engineers was that they weren't happy with certain aspects of that analysis that was - that, in the end, was signed off. For example, it allowed that the system would be triggered by a single sensor on the side of the fuselage called the angle of attack sensor. That was faulty on the Lion airplane, and it triggered the whole system. And that's, we believe, what caused the Lion Air crash."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement implies that FAA could not expect Boeing to essentially self-inspect their own aircraft.","questions":"How did PersonA describe the norm of FAPersonA's work delegation to industry?","answer":"Boeing"}
{"text":["Investors are ecstatic about central bankers working there. Listen to this, the German DAX Index up about 10 percent, the French CAC 40, up more than nine percent. Now, they are both measures like the Dow 30, which on Wall Street jumped 500 points in the morning.","In Britain, Prime Minister Gordon Brown put $65 billion of government money into three British banks. NPR's Rod Gifford is in London. We're going to him. Rob, hello. I think that people are saying it is this British plan, the so-called British plan that seems to be may be spurring a little bit of a recovery around the world. What is the British government doing, and what does it want in return?","Well, as you say, Alex, Gordon Brown is getting a lot of kudos from this, because he was the one who put this plan forward last week. What they're doing, as you say, is to put a lot of government money that is taxpayer's money, $65 billion worth of it, into three British banks into order to - they hope - free up the bank to bank lending, and the whole crisis of confidence that has struck British banks as it has done elsewhere.","In return - some very important conditions they want in return. Right upfront, leaders of these banks that have got into trouble must step down. Bonuses are being frozen for other executives who stay on and crucially, the demand that these banks maintain mortgage lending and small-business lending at 2007 levels, levels of last year."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The British government has set important conditions in exchange for bank bailouts.","questions":"What are the conditions?","answer":"Conditions"}
{"text":["You know, it was - I've done a couple of Kickstarter campaigns before with both of my indie films. And I always looked at it more as a way to kind of build a fan base, less so than the actual financing of it all. You know, it kind of allows you to, as a filmmaker, to kind of announce that you're doing something but in, like, a non kind of braggadocious way. And it kind of allows people who, you know, may want to be involved or kind of see the project through to help out. And so it just seemed like a - the obvious first step for us. And it ended up becoming the highest-funded Kickstarter campaign for a short film.","So what is it that you think people are responding to?I have to say that, I mean, look - the little girl is absolutely adorable. The dad has locks, and he's struggling with the hair.","It's just hard for me to describe, but the hair, for anybody who's tried to do little black girl hair, it's very accurate. It kind of has a life of its own.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"It kind of has a life of it's own\" implies that the hair is hard to manage and style and doesn't easily get taken care of","questions":"What phrase does PersonA use to describe the hair in the film?","answer":"Life."}
{"text":["So, I'm a little concern about that, especially with the amount of technology connections that they have made through this campaign, and the amount of donors that they've received through online mechanisms. So it's going to be interesting to see how this plays out. But, clearly somebody is going to want that data Farai. There's no way out that the Democratic. . .","Don't let Sascha get a hold of the mass email list. And you know, start asking for Christmas presents or something.","Let me tell you, somebody in the Democratic Party. . .","I'm glad you clarified that. Somebody in the Democratic Party is definitely saying, hmm, that's a gold mine of data sitting right there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asking for Chrstmas presents implies they need the things they are looking for and hope they get them.","questions":"Which holiday is mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Christmas"}
{"text":["And, of course, we have bioenergy here, too, and the debates about things like corn ethanol. That's another big contentious issue here in the Midwest. And one where, again, middle grounds might have to be found between groups that are in very different poles on that issue.","And what do you think is the most promising - again, the symbolic areas, those are always going to be difficult. But are there other conversations that could be had that, as you say, skirt the ideology?","Well, it's very interesting. Regardless of, you know, how you think of him politically, the Obama administration has actually done more, may be by accident - or may be on purpose - to think about, to take on climate change than all previous administrations, really, combined. Our CO2 emissions in the United States have gone down pretty dramatically in the last few years, partly because of the recession, of course, but partly because people are retooling and getting more efficient.","The American car fleet is getting lot more efficient. We finally got those CAFE standards going up again, which is fantastic, after about 30 years of going nowhere. And maybe that's a benefit of bailing out Detroit. We could work with them to make cars more efficient, the cars Americans want to buy. We've also - the fracking, moving away from coals, where it's natural gas, has helped a lot, although we have to watch the other aspects of fracking. And also, renewables are beginning to make a bigger and bigger dent in the American electricity supply and other energy supplies."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Obama administration has made efforts to combat climate change","questions":"How have CO2 emissions in the United States changed in recent years?","answer":"Down"}
{"text":["What are the odds that the Iranian leadership, after maybe some public demonstrations of disapproval, decides, well, you know, there's still a lot of overwhelming economic reasons for us to stay in this agreement with the European Union?","Well, the problem is there's still not overwhelming economic interests coming in. If European Union can somehow protect its businesses and come up with some mechanisms that could give Iran at least some promises and guarantees that - moving towards the future, there could be some economic benefits. And depending on that, I think if Iran believes - as President Rouhani actually put out a different statements on his Instagram and Twitter - what matters is national interests, economic interests, whether Europeans can guarantee it without U. S.  We would be willing to remain compliant to the deal. And the supreme leader actually put out a statement approving that, as well. So all eyes are on Europeans right now.","Should the Iranian government be worried about their survival?","I don't think so. Usually, when the crisis like this arises, it actually brings more unity than anything. And I think the more pressure and sort of the more isolation for Iran, it actually strengthens the regime in a way. You know, I don't think that this strategy that some people talk about - and they think that there is a possibility that this could bring about regime change - is at all anything likely. And I think having to deal with a short-term crisis with the hopes that this will bring change - I'm skeptical on that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The statement mean that There is possibility for Iranian government to face difficulty for survival if there is not support.","questions":"How might Iranian government be affected if there is no support?","answer":"Difficulty"}
{"text":["Well, what would that serious diplomacy look like?I mean, I - the United States would have to - what?- accept a. . .","It's a fair question, you know, why diplomacy would work now when it's failed in the past. I think that the breakout is a game-changer for the United States because we're directly - become directly vulnerable to North Korea. But it's also a game-changer for China because they'll either - they'll have to live with the strategic consequences of a breakout, which could - are unknown. South Korea could reassess its non-nuclear status.","So I think the conjunction of factors that we can bring China into play would have the goal of obtaining a nuclear - a freeze to lock in North Korea at its current level of capabilities. And for China - I think the conjunction of factors is that for China, they would retain their buffer in North Korea. And they would prevent these adverse strategic consequences. North Korea would maintain its minimum deterrent, and the regime would remain in power. For the United States, it would prevent this breakout, and it would offer us a not-great narrative. But we would say that this is an interim agreement toward the long-term goal of denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula.","Well Mr.  Litwak, in the minute we have left, can you really trust any - the process of reaching or signing any agreement with a regime like North Korea's?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : So I think the conjunction of factors that we can bring China into play would have the goal of obtaining a nuclear - a freeze to lock in North Korea at its current level of capabilities.\" - The implied meaning is that involving China in the situation could lead to an agreement that aims to prevent North Korea from further advancing its nuclear capabilities, essentially freezing its current level of capabilities.","questions":"How would involving China in the situation aim to address North Korea's nuclear capabilities?","answer":"Freeze"}
{"text":["Governor, let me have you answer your own question. Why are fewer businesses being created?","There are a combination of reasons behind the reduction in business creation. One is that we - like any enterprise - and government is an enterprise - we've had more and more kind of red tape. And sometimes that bureaucracy is excessive and makes it harder for people - the successful employees in somebody else's company - makes it harder for them to take a leap and start their own business.","But I also think a big part of it is we have a consolidation of just two or three companies dominate that industry, right?There - 84% of all the hardware sales are from two companies. So starting a neighborhood hardware company is almost out of the question. People don't think they have a chance.","The question of whether or not certain companies are monopolies has come up again and again throughout the course of this campaign. Would you break up the big tech giants - Facebook and Amazon - as Elizabeth Warren has said she would do?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Dominance of a few large companies is discouraging people from starting their own businesses.","questions":"How many companies dominate the hardware industry according to turn 2?","answer":"Two"}
{"text":["You had to actually take the thing apart to change games.","Take out the battery and everything to change games.","That would be a drawback.","That's a drawback. And number two - they didn't have any games. There was, like, two games that were worth playing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"That's a drawback\" - The speaker is not referring to the fact that there were only two games worth playing as a drawback. Instead, they are adding to their previous statement by stating another drawback of the thing they are discussing.","questions":"How did the speaker refer to the fact that there were only two games worth playing?","answer":"Two"}
{"text":["That's correct. Yes, well, the last thing we've heard it was just outside of Port Fourchon, which is at the lower end of LaFourche Parish. So the winds have been picking up a bit and that's what we're getting ready for here. So far, however, we are putting stuff up on the web and we haven't stopped all night.","I hear people on the radio behind you, you must be at a sort of emergency control headquarters or something?","No, no, not us; we're just communicating with our reporters. We have reporters out in different parts of the parish, and we're trying to keep in touch with them as we can, and get what information they're getting as travel with the authorities.","What are you going to do when your internet connection goes down?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker assumes that the background noise suggests an emergency control headquarters","questions":"How does the speaker describe their communication with reporters?","answer":"Reporters"}
{"text":["I think the initiative is going to be very helpful in helping to solve these problems.","One last question about your new potential treatment using amyloid for multiple sclerosis. How far along - are we in phase one, have we got phase one studies, or have we not even gotten that far yet?","On this one we haven't reached phase one yet. We're still doing the toxicity testing. We're moving slowly because of the villainous reputation of these proteins. But as I said, someone over in Holland has taken this through phase one, and it looks - looks pretty good. They're doing it with alpha B-crystallin.","Well very interesting. Thank you, Dr.  Steinman, for taking time to be with us today. We'll be following this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The use of \"we\" is not literal. 'B' has nothing to do with it. \"We\" just means how far have researchers progressed.","questions":"Which pronoun is used in a non-literal sense in the dialogue?","answer":"We"}
{"text":["First, the president speaks to a joint session of Congress tonight. It's not officially a State of the Union speech, but it will have much of the same pomp and ceremony. The speech is at 9 p. m.  Eastern. It will be televised, and so Mr.  Obama's real audience will be you and I, the people watching at home. NPR's Scott Horsley's here now. He's also be monitoring the speech.","And Scott, I guess it'll be economy as the number one topic.","You know, there's really no escaping that. The president said yesterday that this is not the situation he or any new president would like to inherit, but he's faced with rising unemployment, you talk about those plummeting home prices, a record number of foreclosures. So he's going to be talking about the steps he and Congress have already taken, like the $787 billion stimulus plan, the foreclosure prevention plan he unveiled last week in Arizona.","He's also expected to provide some more detail about his administration's efforts to shore up the banking system. That's something that the secretary of Treasury rolled out a couple of weeks ago and has been criticized for not having enough details. So we may learn more about that and about efforts to strengthen and update financial regulations so we don't find ourselves in a situation like this again."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It will have all of the same importance and rituals as the first speech.","questions":"How will the president's speech tonight be similar to the State of the Union?","answer":"Similar"}
{"text":["A big gamble - why?","Well, because there could be very negative consequences. I mean, first of all, they could lose. The Houthi rebels in Yemen could defy the bombing and succeed in taking over the country, which would be a mighty embarrassment, especially because Iran would then step in to fill the aid and friendship vacuum in Yemen. You could get civilian collateral damage in which the Saudis would be seen to be bombing Sunni Muslims in a neighboring country. Yemen is already the poorest country in the region and its prospects are getting worse, not better. If you get a complete state failure or breakdown of services in Yemen, which is also running out of water, you could have an uncontrollable flow of refugees or other trouble for Saudi Arabia.","You haven't mentioned the possibility that this whole thing might open the door for al-Qaida, the al-Qaida in Yemen, to take advantage of the chaos.","Well, that's also correct. I mean, it's sort of the mirror image of the situation in Iraq. There, the fight against ISIS has sort of obscured the fight for control of the country. And in Yemen, the Saudis are taking on the Houthis, which could in fact relieve Houthi pressure on al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula, a group which is the Saudis' dedicated mortal enemy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implies that the fight against the Houthi rebels could relieve al-Qaida pressure in the region.","questions":"Which group could benefit from the fight against the Houthi rebels in Yemen?","answer":"al-Qaida"}
{"text":["And then, just a few days later, you're back on the set at your television show, \"Ryan's Hope. \"","Yeah, possibly more harrowing than the birth itself in terms of my sense of loss, my sense of disequilibrium, my understanding that the size of what I had done would never leave me. The dimension of the decision was not only epic, but infinite. And whereas my teacher had promised me that the work would lift me up, in this particular case, three days after the birth of that baby, being handed a tiny stunt baby by the studio nurse and told to start a monologue when the light goes off. And the monologue is a promise of fidelity, endurance, love and maternal care.","I guess we should say that your character on this television show also had a baby.","Well, of course. Anybody who watched \"Ryan's Hope\" at that time knew that Mary Ryan was pregnant, and many millions of people did watch me, in fact, carry this child to term. But at any rate - yes, many, many people watched me have that baby and then come in and claim another baby altogether as my own as Mary Ryan."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is implying that her character's story line on the show mirrored her own life experience.","questions":"Which experience?","answer":"Birth"}
{"text":["So, for instance, in our culture, there's really this idea right now that parenting is stressful, and we're all stressed out. Turns out not all mothers in every culture feel this way.","All right. Convince me.","OK. So a group of researchers have been studying Mayan families for decades because they've been really intrigued by this idea that the kids are so helpful around the house. And they wanted to figure out what the parents were doing to get the kids to be so helpful.","So for one of the stories in this series, I went down to the Yucatan and spent some time with some Mayan families. And right away, I was amazed by these moms. So a lot of them are raising four or five children. They're doing all the housework. They help out with the business, so they're doing work, too. And they totally didn't seem stressed. And I actually asked them, do you think being a mother is stressful?And the first woman, like, looked at me like I was an alien. She was like, what?Why would mothering be stressful?And I was like, oh, my gosh. Tell me your secrets (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : She looked at him like he was very strange and unknown to her.","questions":"Which woman?","answer":"First"}
{"text":["We normally surveyed the coastline up and down the West Coast. The second year, we went to a joint ocean adventure, the Indian Ocean expedition. And there I went to the Philippines, Jakarta, Malaysia, Singapore, India, West Ceylon, which is now Sri Lanka, Penang, Midway, all of the ports between California and India and back.","You also learned to do karate while you were on that ship, right?","I hung out with a bunch of guys from the Islands, Hawaiian guys, and that's where I first heard of Ed Parker. And I started talking to him and the philosophy and how they had to take care of themselves, and we would punch the metal sidings around the quarter deck to toughen up our hands. And of course, they showed me a few things. Why I got started, I was with a bunch of Hawaiian guys, and we were on Waikiki, and there was a little Chinese guy that didn't sail with us, but a couple of - I guess mainlanders were bothering him. And he tried to walk away several times, and they caught up with him. And then it was like, in a flash, and it was over with. All these guys were like on the ground, and I said, what was that?And that was, of course, some kung fu. And Ed Parker teaches kung fu on the streetside.","And Ed Parker went on to become one of the best-known names in martial arts."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A learned karate from Ed Parker during his ocean adventure.","questions":"What did PersonA punch to toughen up his hands while learning karate from Ed Parker?","answer":"Sidings"}
{"text":["Well, they're very angry, obviously. I mean, in Argentina, they're already facing really very hard times. Inflation there is among the highest in the world. The economy is - you know, they've got this boom-and-bust economy that's right now in such a mess that the government very controversially decided to sign on to this huge $56 billion IMF bailout. There are strikes and protests over President Mauricio Macri's austerity program, regularly.","And right now, Steve, there's a very highly charged political environment - I mean, even more highly charged than usual - because presidential elections are coming up in October. Macri's fighting to keep his job in the face of a remarkable resurgence by the former president, Cristina Kirchner, who's running with her former cabinet chief, this time on a ticket to be vice president, despite a stack of corruption charges against her.","Plenty of debate to come on who can keep the lights on. Philip, thanks so much.","You're welcome.","NPR's Philip Reeves."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The situation in Argentina is very bad due to high inflation, strikes and protests, and the government's decision to sign a huge IMF bailout.","questions":"How is the political environment in Argentina?","answer":"Tense"}
{"text":["So you were recently in Michigan speaking to autoworkers. The Detroit News quoted you as saying that the labor section in the agreement is actually better than NAFTA, but it still needs improvement. So can you just give me one or two ideas of what more needs to be done in your view?","Well, as it currently stands, the agreement can't be enforced. And there are three levels that it must be enforced at. One, Mexico has to show us not only that it can pass laws but that it has the wherewithal, the infrastructure and the resources to be able to implement those laws and give workers a chance to better their wages and working conditions because if they don't do that, no matter what the agreement says, it's - it won't matter. It won't change workers' lives in this country.","The second part is, the agreement's enforcement provisions need to be dramatically strengthened. The International Trade Commission's report recently confirmed what we already knew - that without a way to hold all three countries accessible, this deal isn't worth the paper it's written on. And under this agreement, any party can block a panel. A panel is the arbitrator that decides the dispute, the trade dispute. And if you can't ever get it decided by a third party, you can never actually implement it.","And then the third level of enforcement is that workers need to be able to enforce this trade agreement to make it better so that it works for us so that if somebody violates the agreement in Mexico or Canada, we should be able to stop their products at the border."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to give an idea means to tell them their opinion, or what is happening","questions":"What did the International Trade Commission's report confirm?","answer":"strengthened"}
{"text":["Far be it for me to sort of put words in the first lady's mouth, but I think that what that shows to me anyway, as an observer, is that these dress codes are so ingrained that I would imagine for Melania potentially it just would not occur to her in a public appearance to not be wearing heels.","You know, I think certainly we see the same with the royal family in the U. K. , Kate Middleton coming out of the hospital each time after having her babies wearing these enormous heels. And, you know, womankind across the world, I think, was wincing looking at those photos, thinking, oh, God, that's the last thing you want to be wearing when you've just given birth.","And I do think that we tend to associate high heels with making an effort, with being appropriate and no more so than for these figures who are - have the eyes of the world on them.","Before we let you go, you know I'm going to ask you, what are you wearing now?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : High heels are associated with making an effort and being appropriate, especially for public figures","questions":"Which item of clothing is associated with making an effort and being appropriate for public figures?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["We're hosting an online viewing party of sorts. For all those people who couldn't be among the 75,000 at INVESCO, I guess the next best thing to do is have your computer at your desk and join us. So we'll be linking to a stream of the event, and we'll host a real-time conversation.","So give that address again.","nprnewsandviews. org.","All right. Geoffrey Bennett is the web producer for News and Notes, joining me from the studios at the NPR west. Geoff, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Virtual event for inclusive engagement and community building.","questions":"How is the engagement for the event?","answer":"inclusive"}
{"text":["Scott, there's an outside chance, but it's unlikely. And it's definitely not going to happen before the presidential election takes place. It's going to take a long time for the FBI to go through all these messages, get through all the red tape with intelligence agencies to decide what may be classified or not.","And the FBI director, James Comey, has already told Congress Hillary Clinton didn't lie to agents when she was interviewed - same for her aides. He found no efforts to obstruct justice, no desire to betray the country here. So unless something really huge emerges, it's hard to see the legal analysis changing or any criminal prosecution at all.","And Hillary Clinton had a swift response, didn't she?","Yeah, she came out in Iowa, did an impromptu news conference. She said she didn't know anything about this. She found out through media reports. She's demanding the FBI director release a lot more information and explain the facts here. Some of Clinton's close allies, including California Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein, went even stronger. She said the FBI move was appalling and that the bureau was playing into the campaign slogans of Donald Trump."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : And the FBI director, James Comey, has already told Congress Hillary Clinton didn't lie to agents when she was interviewed - same for her aides. He found no efforts to obstruct justice, no desire to betray the country here. So unless something really huge emerges, it's hard to see the legal analysis changing or any criminal prosecution at all.  Implicated meaning: Despite the FBI director's findings that Hillary Clinton and her aides did not lie or obstruct justice, the speaker implies that there may still be a possibility of uncovering significant evidence or developments that could change the legal analysis and potentially lead to criminal prosecution.","questions":"What did the FBI director find regarding Hillary Clinton's aides?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["And that - you know, that - it totally imbued his soul. He was - you know, I've been in the presence of a lot of great men. And almost all of them preferred to talk about themselves. He wanted to talk about you. And that's what made you fall in love with him.","Yeah. I don't want to draw everything to what's going on now. But, you know, you would have dinner with President Bush. You would talk about things. Did - can we draw distinctions between the kind of president he was and what we see in the country now?","Oh, Scott, there will be time for that conversation. And I'm sure it's being held. And of course there's - we're in a very different world now. But I think George - I can almost hear George Bush right now saying, now, now, let's not have any of that. He. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A believes that George Bush would want to avoid political discussions and focus on a more positive conversation.","questions":"Which conversation would George Bush want to avoid?","answer":"Political"}
{"text":["That poem is called \"A Flower Song For Maidens Coming Of Age. \"It was written in 1440 before European contact in Mexico. And it's from a collection of Mayan poems - extraordinary. Tell me about why this poem resonated for you. It describes a moon ceremony.","It was such an important revelation to have come across this poem. I cried. I cried for two days - the whole week because, as you know, colonization basically eradicated all of our written documentation in the Americas. All of our traditions have been passed down through word of mouth. But to have written documentation that women have been honoring the moon and celebrating their bodies and their transitions, their milestones in this way, I really felt like my ancestors were watching over.","And you wrote in the afterword to this book that you really wanted young women to find their own way to connect with their roots. Why?","Well, I think it's important for any person, really, but young girls in particular who come from marginalized communities to find their - not only their roots but the meaning and the legacy of wisdom and power that comes from those traditions. And Celi, because she's bicultural and multiracial, she has all of these beautiful intersections happening that I really tried to play up in the novel because I wanted children that are just like Celi, who are multiracial and bicultural, to see themselves and their hybridity in all of its beauty and all of its power."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The person implies that they cried all week. Actually they are just implying that they were emotionally affected for days by the poem.","questions":"What did the person cry for?","answer":"ancestors"}
{"text":["Help us understand. Just how good were the Lightning before this collapse?","Oh, quite good. They had 62 wins in the regular season. That tied the all-time NHL record for wins in a season. This was a team that was doing historic things in the regular season. Consider this. Thirty of their 62 victories were by three goals or more. So every time they stepped on the ice, they weren't just winning. They were blowing away their opponents.","So it's safe to say any sane hockey analyst (laughter) basically would have said that the Lightning was going to win the series, right?So what happened?","(Laughter) Well, I think Lightning defenseman Ryan McDonagh put it best. Everything that they did so well in the regular season, the Columbus Blue Jackets did it better in this series. But the bigger picture is this for the Lightning. They clinched a playoff spot in early March. They've been on cruise control for months. The Columbus Blue Jackets had to win seven of their last eight games just to get into the playoffs. So when push came to shove and adversity hit in the series, the Lightning had a bad six days compared to a great 82 games in the regular season, and then they were swept."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"safe to say\" in line 3 - The phrase \"safe to say\" is being used idiomatically here to express the idea that it is highly likely or almost certain that any sane hockey analyst would have predicted the Tampa Bay Lightning to win the series, rather than a literal guarantee of safety.","questions":"How did \"safe to say\" phrase express the idea of predicting the Tampa Bay Lightning to win the series?","answer":"Likely"}
{"text":["You know, Latin America used to be the region of crisis where crises used to be the most frequent and most sinister. And this time around, Latin America is being hit from an outside shock, and the shock finds Latin America in a relatively strong position in terms of its domestic policy frameworks. So, the shock this time is very interesting for Latin America, contrast with its past where domestic financial system and domestic policies are not a source of trouble, independent source of trouble. Therefore, the shock is coming from outside, it's hitting Latin American countries that are most open and small and have greater exposure to the U. S.  markets\u2026","Now we're seeing\u2026","Latin America and Mexico. South America, by contrast is being hit with a delay. When you go to Colombia or Peru, people are aware of the bad news of the global economy, but in the local economy they do not feel the - the impact with great strength yet.","Now, we're seeing reports, for example, that say that unemployment has hit every sector in Latin America, even the bodyguards in drug-torn countries like Colombia are losing their jobs. How big an issue is unemployment?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They are implying that drugs running rampant in their country may be cause for \"unemployment.\"","questions":"How do the bodyguards in drug-torn countries like Colombia feel about their employment?","answer":"Losing"}
{"text":["So how did this all come about, and how did you get involved?","My partner, Josh Farahzad, just about this time last year, you know, he started thinking - well, what if I launched a rocket into outer space?You know, he didn't really know what he was doing. So he started sending emails to pretty much every university rocketry team in the country. And I was doing a launch with the Princeton University Rocketry Club. He saw our livestream, and he had reached out. I guess after that, I spent thousands of hours just working with Josh one-on-one and leading this very, very tremendous team.","And as the team grew to - what?- I guess about 40 people, you're communicating with one another via a Slack channel.","That's right. You know, at some point, we didn't pay for the Slack premium account. So, you know, I think within a month or two, our messages capped at 10,000. So we started losing our data.","Well, what's the big goal here, aside from actually getting a rocket into space?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Josh Farahzad had a random idea about launching a rocket and reached out for help. A worked hard to lead the team.","questions":"What was the name of PersonA's partner who came up with the idea of launching a rocket and reached out for help?","answer":"rocket"}
{"text":["From NPR News, it's Day to Day. Later tonight, I will be hosting dinner at my house with friends I invited, which hopefully will keep the meal mellow because we all tend to see eye to eye on most things.","But not everyone is as lucky. If you find yourself sharing a table today with family or friends who don't share your political views, well, fret not. Slate. com's chief political correspondent John Dickerson has put together some ammunition to help you should the conversation turn to politics. He joins us now from his home in Washington, D. C.  Hi, John.","Hello. Happy Thanksgiving.","And to you as well. John, you have for Slate provided backup to both sides of the argument on a number of topics. Let's start off with the financial crisis. Now, let's say that your Aunt Edna is a Democrat and your cousin Joe is a Republican. What argument can each of them make over the pumpkin pie as to who's to blame for all this mess?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Political conversations can be contentious and require preparation","questions":"What kind of conversations can require preparation?","answer":"Preparation"}
{"text":["Hi, how are you doing?","How do you do that?","Well, you know, it turns out there are lots of little corners in all the information we see. I mean, we're used to the idea that somehow everything we type in the computer is very exact. You don't type in the right password, the computer gets upset. If you don't type in the right URL, it gets upset.","But it turns out that there's lots of little wiggle room that we don't even realize is there, and that's what steganography uses. We kind of go in, and we exploit things. You can make a color just a little bit more blue, or you can make it a little bit more red. And then if you do that enough times, you can send a signal, and then the computer can piece it all together into a complex message."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the computer gets upset implies that the computer does not do what the person wants it to do","questions":"What does steganography exploit?","answer":"Information"}
{"text":["What were some of the challenging parts of school?What did you find the hardest?","Reading, studying my lessons. You know, because I had to read more, you know, and because, you know, as you get older, your short-term memory sort of fails you once in a while. So to make sure that you got the material where you could reproduce it, you had to study a little harder and do a little more research.","So tell me what graduation day was like?","Oh, the best day of my life, I guess. Life doesn't get any better. Life doesn't get any better. With my family there, all my friends cheering me on, I felt like I was 16 years old. What a day. What a day. I was happy. Everybody was pleased. They gave me a good ovation. I really enjoyed it. I really did. I cannot explain to you in words my feelings."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Reading, studying my lessons.You know, because I had to read more, you know, and because, you know, as you get older, your short-term memory sort of fails you once in a while.So to make sure that you got the material where you could reproduce it, you had to study a little harder and do a little more research.","questions":"What subject did PersonA find challenging in school?","answer":"Reading"}
{"text":["(Laughter) I'm not sure if that's a compliment, Steve. But thanks.","I don't know. If it means tough, if it means on top of things, it is you, Melissa. Own it.","Well, gosh. Thanks.","She's in Lyon, France. This is NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is unsure whether Steve's comment is a compliment or not","questions":"Which city is mentioned at the end of the dialogue?","answer":"Lyon"}
{"text":["There was an early and well-organized campaign of civil disobedience on the streetcars by forcing their way nonviolently onto streetcars and hanging onto their seats until conductors or police officers bodily threw them off.","Octavius Catto must have been an extraordinarily compelling personality.","You know, we like to say he's one of the few historic figures who has been likened to both Martin Luther King and George Steinbrenner. He was part of a generation of young men and women of color who had been raised by parents who had been denied the right to a schoolhouse. And yet, by the time Octavius Catto was 12 or 14 or 15 years old, he'd gotten a terrific education because his father was going to get that for his kid by hook or crook. And so along comes Catto and other men and women like him, by civil war time, came to adulthood believing that they could change the world.","And I have to ask about the baseball team."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Octavius Catto must have been an extraordinarily compelling personality.  Implicated meaning: The statement suggests that Octavius Catto possessed exceptional charisma or persuasive qualities that made him stand out. It implies that his personality had a significant impact on others and likely garnered attention and admiration.","questions":"What is the implication of the statement about Octavius Catto's personality?","answer":"Implication"}
{"text":["And then, from that point, he had a great change in his life. Because with that adverse discharge, dishonorable discharge, he wasn't able to secure the kinds of benefits that he wanted to, and he had to overcome that. And I think the great story of his life is what he did afterwards, for the duration of his life and leading his family. He was an ordinary person under remarkable circumstances.","Now unfortunately, he passed away in 1984. So how did you get involved with the case?","Well, it all goes back to Jack Hamann, who is an author who wrote the book. He did some research, he found out, he's from the Seattle-Fort Lawton area. Discovered there was something very unusual in terms of the courts martial, and then sought to investigate the matter. And when he did, he uncovered, essentially, just a tremendous miscarriage of justice, very well documented. He researched it, he published the book.","And at that time, the family members came forward as he did more and more research in terms of trying to find and locate the individuals. And from there, I became involved when the - last September, when Congressman McDermott's office asked me to assist some of the individuals with their cases before the Army Board for Correction of Military Records. And that's how I, for example, got to know the Townsell family."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"tremendous miscarriage of justice\" implies that something really wrong happened, not that a physical miscarriage happened.","questions":"How was the justice system described in the case?","answer":"Unjust"}
{"text":["Oh.",". . . You know, for the courts to go through. And maybe this issue will come all the way to the Supreme Court. Car companies, they need at least five years certainty to design a car, and they don't have that. So unless there is an agreement with California, they're going to find themselves dealing with uncertainty, which means, you know, lack of stability for the industry as a whole. It's pretty bad for the companies.","To what degree, is it your impression, automakers see the reduction of pollution as part of their responsibility in this country now?","Well, you know, clearly, what they will tell you is that they care about climate change. But also, they're worrying about competitiveness. Back in 2012, when we set the standards for cars, the U. S.  was ahead of every other country. China is doing better than us now and so is Europe. So companies realize that the way forward is to invest on advanced technologies, like electric vehicles. And if they don't, they're going to stay behind, and they're going to lose the competitiveness in the marketplace."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Car companies need at least five years certainty to design a car, but without an agreement with California, they will have to deal with uncertainty, which means instability for the industry as a whole.","questions":"How long do car companies need certainty to design a car?","answer":"Five."}
{"text":["I can imagine someone being stunned for a moment by being struck by an object, especially at a high speed like that. But I don't understand that because if there was over a minute when the throttle was advanced farther than it should've been and - you know, things happen when you're an engineer. You should be used to them. So I - it doesn't really seem to me like that's a probable cause, but we'll have to wait and see.","I don't have to tell you, Mr.  Hughes, that the crash and the deaths of eight people have set off a debate - those who say the derailment says Amtrak needs more money, others who say Amtrak isn't - is wasting a lot of the money that it gets. Recognizing there are no guarantees, would greater government funding have perhaps meant this derailment wouldn't happen?","It might have. The thing that is important here is Amtrak doesn't have any discretionary money. Every penny they get goes into something that's really important, especially capital money like this. And so I would think that money played some part in it in that when Amtrak has to do large projects, they have to space them out in smaller parts over multiple years. And I don't know the facts in this case, but I do know that that is true with a number of large capital projects. You just can't do them quickly 'cause the funding isn't there.","When you were in charge, Mr.  Hughes, did you find it hard to get funding for Amtrak, a lot of skepticism and doubt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Is increased government funding the solution to preventing this kind of accident from happening in the future?","questions":"How did the derailment lead to a debate about Amtrak's funding?","answer":"Funding"}
{"text":["You know, I give him mixed reviews. I knew Daniel Hahn prior to him becoming chief. I am a former high school teacher. And I worked hand in hand with the police department. And in working with him, I truly, truly believed that he has a good heart and good intentions. But now that he's the chief of police, we have to hold him to the line of accountability and transparency.","Sonia, Stephon's death is the latest of several fatal shootings of black men by police across the country. And some of these killings are not well-known. But they're still happening. What do you feel needs to be done to address this?","You know, I'm of the mind set that our whole policing system needs to be dismantled and abolished. And we need to start over.","And what would that look like?","What that looks like here in Sacramento - what we have done successfully as a BLM organization is we've created community resources, alternatives to police. We have resources in the community that if this were to happen, call these people instead of calling the police.","Some of the protests that have been happening since Stephon was killed have been marches and protests that have filled streets and blocked traffic. Some protests blocked basketball fans from entering a sports arena. How far should the protests go?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Advocating for abolishing the police department and starting over","questions":"Which mindset does PersonA have towards the policing system?","answer":"Abolitionist"}
{"text":["Constitutional?","I think across the board. This is emblematic of the broader problem that we face, which is Congress not doing its job in pushing off issues that the American people want to adjudicate to the president who then uses dubious authorities to do things that he couldn't otherwise do. It's about the very basis, the very nature of our regime.","What effect do you think this declaration of national emergency might have on that?","I think it makes everybody just a little more cynical, right?Here we have a situation where Congress has been facing this issue for months. We had the longest shutdown in American history. And they chose not to do anything about it. So far as I can tell, people who opposed the wall didn't try to win that debate. People who supported the war didn't try to win that debate. And the president didn't seem to be overly interested in trying to win that debate."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Congress is not doing its job and is passing their responsibilities to the president who then abuses his power","questions":"Which institution is not fulfilling its responsibilities and passing them on to the president?","answer":"Congress"}
{"text":["Antivirus experts are calling Flame one of the most complex threats ever discovered. Once a machine is infected, the operator of the malware can expand its functionality almost like adding apps to a smartphone. Its operators sent out another app with orders to erase it this week, leaving no tracks behind.","Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?","Well, different from the average run-of-the-mill malware that criminals use?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California.\" - The literal meaning is that Kim Zetter is joining the radio show from Oakland and is writing a book about Stuxnet. The implied meaning is that Kim Zetter is a reputable and knowledgeable expert on cybercrime and security, and her insights will be valuable to the discussion.","questions":"What is Kim Zetter's profession?","answer":"senior"}
{"text":["It doesn't, really. I mean, I have obviously no view on his guilt or innocence. But, I mean, abuse can be perpetrated by anybody in any walk of life. And rank does not guarantee that somebody will not be an abuser of children.","What do you think it says about how much progress the Catholic Church has made in fighting abuse by the clergy?","I think it shows progress in one area. And that is that civil authorities now are not reluctant to charge any member of the clergy. There's not that deference there was in the past. And that's a good change. As far as the actual church itself, there is still a reluctance. I mean, even in this case, the church guidelines themselves - most guidelines say that if a priest is accused of abuse, he must step down from his position on the accusation, must be investigated. But the accusations against Cardinal Pell were known months ago. And yet he was allowed to remain in his position until he was actually charged.","You've met with Pope Francis. How committed do you think he is to doing what's necessary?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"How committed do you think he is to doing what's necessary?\" - the literal meaning is asking about the level of commitment of Pope Francis to take necessary actions. The implied meaning is that there are actions that need to be taken to address abuse within the Catholic Church, and it is unclear if Pope Francis is fully committed to taking those actions.","questions":"Which actions are implied to need to be taken within the Catholic Church?","answer":"Abuse"}
{"text":["It stores the equivalent of ones and zeroes. We came up with the idea in a bar in Hamburg a few years ago because the institute where I work is - keeps some of the world's big, biological databases. We store the information, we archive the information, and we serve it to research biologists around the world over the Internet for them to do their research.","And the data that's coming to us is increasing exponentially. It's quite a headache for us to keep hold of all of that because our budgets don't increase exponentially.","Yeah, did you actually try this out on some DNA?","Yeah, we tried it out in a real - it's sort of compared to the databases we store, it's a small example, but compared to what people have done before, it's a pretty big example. We wrote a computer program that embodied a code that would convert the zeros and ones from a hard disk drive into the letters that we use to represent DNA, and then we - our collaborators in California were able to actually synthesize physical DNA.","And what did you store in that DNA?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : when something is a headache in this context it means its annoying","questions":"Which word is used to describe the problem of keeping hold of increasing data in the dialogue?","answer":"Headache"}
{"text":["Well, I only recently arrived, so I haven't seen the whole city by any means. But when I got here, I went straight to a demonstration on the city's east side. This was one of those demonstrations that have been called by Juan Guaido for what he billed as the biggest-ever demonstration in the history of Venezuela.","There were a lot of people there - thousands, possibly in the tens of thousands. But I have seen much larger crowds turn out for Guaido before. And so this was a smaller turnout. And I think the most noticeable thing about it is that the mood has quite substantially changed. Whilst these demonstrations for the opposition leader, Guaido, were before quite very lively - there'd be a lot of chanting, a lot of singing - now there's a mood of wariness. I thought it was more subdued.","And not far away from where I was, there were violent clashes underway between the security forces and a small group of anti-government protesters in which, you know, they were exchanging. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the phrase \"they were exchanging\" is likely an understatement for the violent and potentially deadly exchanges happening between the security forces and protesters. ","questions":"How would you describe the exchanges between the security forces and protesters?","answer":"Violent"}
{"text":["Yeah.","I'm also told by White House officials the Secret Service director was not connected to security questions at Mar-a-Lago. It was in the works before the latest security breach there - Chinese woman with a lot of passports and hard drives.","Right.","But - so this is not necessarily directly connected to immigration unlike Nielsen's resignation, which was immigration-related."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the phrase \"in the works\" does not mean that something is being constructed or manufactured, but rather that plans or preparations are being made. Similarly, \"security questions\" does not refer to queries about security, but instead refers to security concerns or issues.","questions":"Which phrase in turn 1 does not refer to queries about security?","answer":"Questions"}
{"text":["We're talking with Henry Petroski, author of \"To Forgive Design: Understanding Failure. \"And I got a minute before the break. Henry, tell us why after two decades of book writing, you made - you wrote a sequel \"To Engineer is Human. \"This is \"To Forgive Design. \"","Well, the first book I concentrated on mechanical reasons why things fail. In this book, I wanted to concentrate on larger questions of systems. Everything is embedded in a system, and that system includes these people who - some of whom are not the best of actors. So I wanted to tell that story. A knee-jerk reaction is when a plane has an accident or something happens, oh, it was a bad design. That's not always true. In fact, in more cases than not, it turns out not to be true. It turns out that the operators or the inspectors or some person involved wasn't. . .","All right.",". . . holding up his end of the deal.","We'll talk about more stuff from his book \"To Forgive Design: Understanding Failure\" with Henry Petroski. Our number, 1-800-989-8255. You can tweet us, @scifri. Stay with us. We'll be right back. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A \"knee-jerk reaction\" in this phrase doesn't refer to the legs. The implied meaning is an automatic response to something, done without much thought. Akin to how when your knee is struck your leg flexes - no thought, pure reflex.","questions":"How does PersonA describe a knee-jerk reaction in relation to the failure of a design?","answer":"Automatic"}
{"text":["Yeah. I think anybody I grew up with could have said that. Anybody that I'm friends with now in Hazelwood, Haywood County, could say that. That's the reality of people who have nothing. They all know what it's like to miss a meal or to have the lights turned off or to have to decide - do I make my car payment, or do I pay my health insurance?That's a common theme that bridges the gap all across this country. And the unifying thing about that is poverty.","You also talk about addiction. The opioid crisis, as we know, is enormous right now. And you say that people just want to be listened to. What is the story that we aren't hearing?","I think - where that part of that essay came was I'd sat with the man who was interviewing me. And he said - when we were off-camera, he said, you know, I don't understand what would lead somebody to use methamphetamine or heroin. He said, I went to Chapel Hill in the '60s and, believe me, I experimented with drugs.","And what I thought was, your recreational drug use in the '60s is not what I'm talking about. I'm talking about people with $20 in their pocket who feel that the weight of the world is on their shoulders. And the only escape they can get from that is found in a bottle or found in a vial or found in a bag. That's the type of addiction I'm talking about. And I think, until you're willing to recognize that, you're having the wrong conversation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is implying that the interviewer's drug use in the 1960s is not comparable to the type of addiction that he is talking about.","questions":"What type of addiction is the speaker referring to?","answer":"$20"}
{"text":["Now let's turn to West Africa. For more than a decade, Liberia has been struggling to recover from civil war. It has a female head of state now, and it also has big supporters in the U. S.  One of them is Bob Johnson, who founded and later sold Black Entertainment Television. Now he's building a four-star beachfront resort near Liberia's capital, Monrovia. Bob Johnson recently told me why he decided to invest millions of dollars in Liberia's economy.","It's part of a commitment I made to President Johnson Sirleaf and the people of Liberia, to help Liberia recover from some 13, 14 years of civil war. And it came about as a result of my participation, as well as President Sirleaf's participation in President Clinton's global initiative that he hosts every year in New York. And the charter is, do something, small or large, but do something. And so my something is to help Liberia.","What are we talking about in terms of the kind of money it takes to make this happen?","We are putting in approximately 12 to 13 million dollars in the construction of this hotel and the opening of the hotel, which is scheduled for March of '09. It'll be an 86-room hotel, as I said, situated on the beach, great facility for everybody from government officials and expats who want to go back and visit Liberia, as well as business people who are looking to do business in post-conflict Liberia.","So, do you expect to get a tourist crowd eventually?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Bob Johnson is supporting Liberia's recovery after civil war","questions":"How is Bob Johnson contributing to Liberia's recovery?","answer":"Investment"}
{"text":["Nineteen, OK, 18 at the time. Yeah.","Yes, sir. As soon as I got to my job, I exited my car, and I walked away probably like no more than 50 feet and, you know, I was apprehended by - it was either four or five ICE agents. You know, the good thing was that my daughter didn't see when they took me because I know she would have been probably even more devastated to see it happen.","Do you have any idea how they - how they began to get interested in your case?","Well, I had a prior deportation from when I was younger for a minor drug offense. Of course, I had to return back to the states because I had my daughter. You know, I was a single father for - ever since she was 3 years old. And the way they found out where I lived, it was the day of Thanksgiving in 2015. I got pulled over because of - my tags were expired on my vehicle. And they took me in. They said I had what they called a misdemeanor warrant from 15 years back. And I went to court, like, four - four or five times, and they ended up dismissing the case. You know, so I thought that was over with, so, you know, I went about my life. And a little over a year later is when they came and picked me up and they said that - pretty much they told me that I went back on their radar for having been pulled over that day in 2015."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the speaker is implicitly asking the listener to ask how ICE agents found out about the speaker's case and location.","questions":"Which agency apprehended the speaker?","answer":"ICE"}
{"text":["If you thought the fight over the FBI's Russia investigation couldn't get any more contentious, this past week, of course, it did. The White House has refused to declassify a competing Democratic memo that challenges claims made by the Republicans alleging bias and abuse in the FBI. President Trump had given the OK to release the GOP memo. Both documents are products of infighting within the House intelligence committee. Jamil Jaffer was a lawyer in the White House under President George W.  Bush. And he was senior counsel to the House intel committee. He joins us from Colorado today. Welcome to the program.","Thanks. Good to be here, Lulu.","You've called this a, quote, \"massive strategic miscalculation on the part of the White House. \"Why?","Look. I mean, part of the challenge here is the president is alleging that there was massive corruption at the FBI, at the Justice Department - an attempt to engage in political surveillance. And by allowing one side's memo to come out - the House Republicans' memo to come out - without releasing the House Democrats' memo, it plays into that partisan narrative. And as a result, it discredits the ability to make the point that there was - whether there was or was not, in fact, problems with the FBI."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The White House made a mistake by not releasing the Democratic memo, which may discredit their claims of FBI corruption.","questions":"How did the White House's decision to not release the Democratic memo impact their claims of FBI corruption?","answer":"Discredit."}
{"text":["I think I understand the differences between older and younger generations a little more than your average person. My colleagues and I, again, specialize in talking with large corporations and helping them understand street trends and, you know, more kind of what's going on with regular people. And I think that that's one of the problems with economic and social issues in the world today, is that all these big leaders are meeting at places like Davos, and they're coming up with these amazing plans of action and initiatives.","But then, it's hard to relay the message to a younger generation and speak to them in a language that they understand and that they can relate to. So I'm hoping that maybe I can translate that gap a little bit, and help people understand what's really going on.","Rebecca, when you're there at Davos, who are you most looking forward to talking to, and what questions do you think you might ask?","I mean, there's so many people who are going to be there. Kofi Annan, I would love to talk to him. And I just kind of want to find out what these people think about what's going on in the world and the solutions. But maybe more on laymen's term and have them explain, you know, what young people and what individuals can do to make a difference. What someone can do who's maybe not in a position to mingle and brainstorm with other distinguished people at a convention like Davos."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to relate to means to like something on a personal level, that you personally can like and understand.","questions":"What does \"to relate to\" mean?","answer":"Understand"}
{"text":["So even though Wall Street seems to be blowing up or it did yesterday, the hedge funds are doing just fine. And these Masters of the Universe are ensconced happily in their Greenwich, Connecticut mansions?","Well, right now, they are swimming the tightest defensive positions they can. They're like turtles pulling themselves back into their shell just trying to wait this thing out. They could be hurt badly. In fact, today is one of the four times a year that people can take money out of hedge funds. Usually there's a certain fixed percentage that they can take out at any one time. That's for the protection of the fund itself. But still, there could be enough taken out today to seriously hurt a lot of hedge funds.","But the point I want to make is, it hasn't happened yet. These Masters of the Universe are very bright, I mean, they're smart. And they're much smarter than the people they left behind at the investment banks. And investment banks now are - it's a closed chapter in American history. When Goldman Sachs now has to become a bank, who with - not Masters of the Universe, but a lot of young female tellers sitting at windows with packets of red dye to give to the robbers when they come in to take money out of the place.","SOUNDBITE OF LAUGHTER"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : ROBBERS ROBBED PEOPLE'S MONEY AND THE PEOPLE ARE CARELESS TO LOSS THEIR S","questions":"How did Goldman Sachs have to change after becoming a bank?","answer":"Bank"}
{"text":["It's necessary because of the drop in consumption.","When the government is spending over $150 billion on a stimulus bill like this, will that have a long run effect on how every person gets a check has to pay out their taxes in the future, has to deal with the realities of how much service the federal government can give in the future?I mean, will there be a sort of back-end re-tax for people who might get a cut in the short run?","I wouldn't put it that way. The problem is in the short run will people be much worse off and will they be able to recover from that?Because during a recession it's not unusual for families to lose two or three percent of their income. So the issue is do you want to lose that two or three percent because in the future you don't want to get a tiny tax increase to balance the budget.","So I think you have to think about what's the potential loss in income, which can be huge if we have a severe recession, or even a mild recession like the one we had in 2001."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"back-end re-tax\" - This phrase is not a standard idiom or expression, and its meaning is not clear. However, it seems to suggest that people who receive stimulus checks in the short run may have to pay more taxes in the future to make up for the government's spending. The figurative meaning is implied, rather than explicit.","questions":"How does \"back-end re-tax\" suggest the future consequences of receiving a stimulus check?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["Well, I'm going to try to make this as succinct as possible. But it's a complicated game of musical chairs. Next in line to take over the governor's job would be the local secretary of state. But that position has been vacant for the past two weeks because the former secretary of state resigned his position because he was involved in the original leaked chat that led to the governor's resignation.","Oh, the same scandal got the next - the second in line before it got the first guy. OK, go on.","Right. And then it would be Wanda Vazquez's turn. But as we've seen, she's a controversial figure, and she has already expressed her desire that she doesn't want the job. After that, it would be the Treasury secretary's turn. But he's been in his post for less than a month after Governor Rossello fired his predecessor for publicly denouncing corruption schemes within the Puerto Rican Treasury without first consulting with the governor's office. So the problem with the current Treasury secretary is that he's 31 years old and doesn't meet the minimum age requirement to be governor. . .","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Referring to a complicated game of musical chairs, not an actual game but referring to the fact that anyone could take the spot, similar to the game of musical chairs. ","questions":"How would you describe the situation in the dialogue using only one word?","answer":"Complicated"}
{"text":["Well, they're sort of wrapping up. I mean once the storm makes landfall here then they sort of move on to the next thing. So, you have a lot of media around, but in fact the meteorologists are just checking their figures and sort winding down.","And what details do you have on the storm?How much rain is expected from the hurricane?","Well, the hurricane could drop up to a foot of rain in some areas. It really depends precisely where you are. Especially areas that are to the east and north of the center of the storm - could get very very heavy rainfall.","There have been, kind of, expectations that the storm would be as big, maybe as Katrina, maybe even bigger and a lot of very scary talk from New Orleans fears prompting evacuations. What is the difference between hurricanes Gustav and Katrina?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The rainfall from the hurricane varies depending on location","questions":"Which aspect of the hurricane's impact is discussed in turn 2?","answer":"Rainfall"}
{"text":["He and his commission had better get it organized. Otherwise, the fury Nigerians are feeling today could spill into much worse. So they say the presidential vote and, of course, it wasn't just voting for president - also for governors, also for national assembly, also for the state assembly.","So we'll have the presidential next Saturday in another vote. But some other votes have been postponed till 9 of March. That's after the original second-round vote date of the 2 of March. So the electoral commission has got to get itself sorted out.","NPR's Ofeibea Quist-Arcton, thanks so much.","Always a pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The electoral commission needs to fix itself before the postponed votes.","questions":"How do the postponed votes relate to the state assembly election?","answer":"State"}
{"text":["In the fall of 2017, Bowe Bergdahl was dishonorably discharged from the U. S.  Army for deserting his post in Afghanistan years earlier. His rank was reduced. He had to pay a fine, but he did avoid prison time. And on the day Bergdahl was sentenced, President Trump tweeted that his sentence was a, quote, \"complete and total disgrace. \"This wasn't the first time Trump had weighed in on the case. On the campaign trail, he had called Bergdahl a dirty, rotten traitor and said he should be executed for deserting.","Now, this week, a panel of military judges ruled that Trump's comments were evidence of what's called unlawful command influence. That's when someone higher up on the chain of command tries to influence the outcome of a military trial. Here to further explain unlawful command influence is Stephen Vladeck. He teaches military justice at the University of Texas School of Law. Welcome.","Thanks for having me.","So I should first mention that while these military judges did find evidence of unlawful command influence, they still declined to change Bergdahl's sentence in any way. Bergdahl still lost his appeal. That said, what were the specific comments from Trump that these judges took issue with?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Trump's tweet was an attempt to influence the outcome of the military trial","questions":"How did Trump's tweet affect the military trial's outcome?","answer":"Tweet"}
{"text":["Tomorrow, car sales numbers for November are due out, and they're not expected to be good. That could lead to more dealerships shutting down, and that could mean a big loss of revenue for local governments. For example, this year, the state of California has lost at least two billion dollars in sales taxes due to the drop in car sales.","To get a better sense of how local governments are coping, we're joined now by Marshall Bond. He is the city manager for Monroeville, Pennsylvania. Thanks for joining us, and why don't you tell us how many car dealerships are in Monroeville?","Just about every major domestic and foreign manufacturer sells cars here in Monroeville.","And so, how much of your budget comes from the revenue from car sales at these dealerships?","We have a business tax which obviously is, I'd say, probably of that - I'd say total tax is probably about 15 to 20 percent is based upon our related car industry."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The guest will provide insight into how local governments are dealing with the issue of car sales.","questions":"How will the guest contribute to the discussion?","answer":"Insight"}
{"text":["That's correct. Yes, well, the last thing we've heard it was just outside of Port Fourchon, which is at the lower end of LaFourche Parish. So the winds have been picking up a bit and that's what we're getting ready for here. So far, however, we are putting stuff up on the web and we haven't stopped all night.","I hear people on the radio behind you, you must be at a sort of emergency control headquarters or something?","No, no, not us; we're just communicating with our reporters. We have reporters out in different parts of the parish, and we're trying to keep in touch with them as we can, and get what information they're getting as travel with the authorities.","What are you going to do when your internet connection goes down?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker asks how they will communicate when the internet connection fails, implying that it will fail at some point.","questions":"Which question does the speaker in turn 3 ask about communication in case of internet failure?","answer":"Communication"}
{"text":["How was that?","Well, it was astonishing. I think that the grown-ups around us were much too confused themselves to be able to sort of sit down and tell us that when they said that television sets belong to Satan, maybe they hadn't been right. Suddenly, we've got a television set in our house. Suddenly, we've got a radio. . .","Oh, boy.",". . . (Laughter) In our house. And suddenly, we're being taken to go and see \"Gone With The Wind\" in the cinema."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: Amused disbelief at the sudden change in the status quo.","questions":"What was PersonA's reaction to the changes in their household?","answer":"Amused"}
{"text":["This country, Cameroon, acts as a source, transit and destination. Especially the Kumbo Diocese, as it is economically poor region. It's a source for many traffickers to have children from our region to take them to the cities, to the towns and to the other nations, especially to the Middle East, where they're exploited sexually, physically and mentally.","So they're taken from homes. They're taken from schools. What happens?","Mostly, they're taken from homes or from where they are working. If they are working in somebody's house, they lobby the girl, say that OK, there is a job opportunity in Middle East as a teacher or as a nurse. Then when they go, they go to a center called a kadama (ph). In Arab, it is called a slave. So they go there. They are bought and sold to various places to be exploited.","What do you do, Sister?What can your organization do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : highlighting the deceptive tactics used by traffickers to convince girls that there are job opportunities in the Middle East as teachers or nurses, but in reality, they are being trafficked and subjected to exploitation.","questions":"Which region is mentioned as being economically poor and a source for traffickers to take children to be exploited in the Middle East?","answer":"Kumbo"}
{"text":["Well, there's no doubt about that. So the near-Earth asteroids number about 500,000, but we only know of 9,000. And the reason that they're so interesting, Ira, is because they are actually energetically easier to reach than the surface of the moon. So we've been to the moon many times, and the moon is a great place, which is very worthy of our exploration. But just to give you an idea of how close some of the asteroids are, they're easier to reach than our own moon.","Yeah.","So they're not way out there in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. These are. . .","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The actual meaning is that there are only 9,000 known near-Earth asteroids despite there being approximately 500,000 in total.","questions":"What is the approximate number of near-Earth asteroids that are energetically easier to reach than the surface of the moon?","answer":"9,000"}
{"text":["There is no good precedent for thinking that these peace talks will work well for exactly the reason that you have said. The Syrian regime and its allies should - have at no point countenanced the idea that Bashar al-Assad will step down. And then the opposition negotiating committee reiterated in London this week that they foresee a six-month transitional period at the end of which Assad is no longer the president of Syria. So that's a pretty big sticking point.","And starts on Monday?","Starts on Monday at sundown, which is also the beginning of the Muslim Eid festival, yes.","Alice Fordham in Beirut. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In (1), A is expressing a pessimistic view about the chances of success for the peace talks in Syria. A is highlighting a major obstacle to the talks, which is the opposing views on the future of Bashar al-Assad's presidency. A is suggesting that this disagreement is a significant barrier to progress and is indicating that there are no positive examples from the past to suggest that the talks will be successful.","questions":"What is the sticking point mentioned by PersonA in turn 0?","answer":"Assad's"}
{"text":["Yes, and that's a very different situation because the ice sitting on the ocean, when it melts, it doesn't change sea level. If you think of a glass of ice tea and you put your ice cubes in the ice tea, when the ice melts, your ice tea, obviously, doesn't overflow. The ice just - it. . .","There's quite a difference in volume, but not big enough.","Yeah. It basically doesn't - but the melting ice that's floating doesn't matter, but what - but a lot of the ice sitting on Greenland and on Antarctic, the continent of Antarctica, when that ice melts, that does, in fact, add water to the sea. And those are in the long term, likely to drive the sea level rise and could drive the sea level rise by a great deal in the coming decades and centuries.","So is anomalous - I mean, is this - as you said, it's definitely part of a trend. There's no way to argue with it anymore, about the warming and that it's having real effects. How is it going faster than people feared?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Melting ice on Greenland and Antarctica adds water to the sea level.","questions":"What contributes to sea level rise?","answer":"Melting."}
{"text":["OK.","We're in a tent at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival. So if you hear some extraneous sounds that you wouldn't normally hear in Studio 3A, please forgive us. But it gives us the opportunity to do some things that we wouldn't ordinarily do. We want to hear from comedians today. How do you translate your material, which comes from a certain time and place, to a wider or different cultural or even ethnic group?Give us a call: 800-989-8255. Email us: talk@npr. org.","And Trevor Noah, what did you find translated well?Is there a material that you did in Cape Town that you can do in Los Angeles, or Baltimore for that matter?","Not really, no. Because the points of view changes, you know?I think the one - well, I could talk about Oprah. Oprah is worldwide. Yes.","Oprah is worldwide."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Oprah is worldwide. (This turn has an implied meaning that Oprah's cultural influence and recognition transcends different cultures and settings)","questions":"How would you describe Oprah's influence?","answer":"Influence"}
{"text":["Well, the information we're getting, as you said, comes from the UAW. Specifically, it comes from UAW Vice President Terry Dittes, who's been offering up some occasional updates to UAW members. And on Friday, Terry Dittes sent out a letter saying they had made good progress in the talks, and that was a great sign. You know, the strike has dragged on for three weeks, going on the fourth week now. And this was one of the first signs that there had been progress.","But by Sunday, that had completely changed, and Terry Dittes said this time that, in fact, they had taken a step back, and the union could not be more disappointed in GM, and what he explained happened was that there was an offer on the table. UAW responded, made its counter offer, taking into account a bunch of things. And what Terry Dittes said is, on Sunday morning, when GM responded to that latest offer, GM basically didn't respond at all. It just reiterated its previous offer and didn't address anything that the UAW had brought up.","So they seem to be at a stalemate. It seems like things are not going well right now.","OK. So we have the union's version, maybe a little bit less from GM's side. But in any case, no doubt that they don't have a deal and people are still on strike. So what have you seen and heard when you go out and talk to workers?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The progress lets people know there is hope for a resolution. People refusing to go to work unless their demands are met has lasted three weeks.","questions":"Which UAW Vice President provided occasional updates to UAW members?","answer":"Terry"}
{"text":["They have indeed. They've been subject to very serious, tough sanctions in the past not just from the United States but from the entire international community. That's involved restrictions on their energy sector, their banking sector and an array of other economic sectors.","How have they gotten around them?","Well, in some instances, they haven't been able to. So during the period of most intensive, multilateral sanctions on Iran - this is 2012 to 2015 - they had great difficulty evading sanctions. It happened here and there, certainly when it came to sales of oil, certain cargoes or bartering - financial bartering - some smuggling activities. But the fear now is that, in an instance where there's unilateral sanctions on Iran, it may have ample opportunity to cheat and evade these sanctions.","Unilateral meaning, of course, just the United States. So it'll be tougher for the sanctions to have any effect if, for example, China or Russia and, let's say, Germany don't go along.","Right, exactly. So right now the European Union, in general, and the E3, in particular, have - that being the United Kingdom, France and Germany - have expressed an interest in maintaining their commitment to the deal. And that means continuing to give Iran economic relief promised to it under the deal. That means potentially violating U. S.  sanctions or creating ways for European companies to not abide by U. S.  sanctions.","And how does the U. S.  respond, at least under this administration?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies that A believes that the sanctions would have been better it were multilateral sanctions and not unilateral.","questions":"What is PersonA's concern regarding the effectiveness of sanctions if they are unilateral?","answer":"Effectiveness"}
{"text":["Well, we're looking at, what can we use that $80 million for?And so that's being discussed right now. The - you know, we requested that that this aid come. However, the White House hasn't shared the parameters of this funding with us yet. And so that's what we're working on right now. And whether or not that - those funds have to be used for drinking water or those funds can be actually used for infrastructure.","So you have no idea yet how much or any - how - if you will get any of that $80 million (unintelligible).","Well, we'll get the $80 million. That's not - that's not the issue. The issue is, you know, how can we use it that $80 million?And that's what we're negotiating with the White House today.","My colleague, Ari Shapiro, spoke with the mayor of Flint this week. And she said that the trust between the state and the city has essentially been broken and that residents of Flint have felt abandoned. How do you, as the man tasked with leading this effort to fix this problem, how do you start to rebuild that trust?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : mplies that A needs to find a way to re-establish the trust between the state and the city that has been damaged due to the crisis.","questions":"Which issue is PersonA negotiating with the White House?","answer":"Infrastructure"}
{"text":["Mr.  Bostrom, as I understand it, you have spent a lot of your working life dealing with nuclear war and asteroid strikes and now the prospect of superintelligent machines. How you doing?","Well, I actually also spend some time thinking about the upside of things, like, if things go well, if humanity makes it through this century intact, I think the future for Earth originating intelligent life could be very long and very large and very bright, indeed. We might reach technological maturity in this century, and with that would come the possibility to colonize the universe and to cure cancer and to accomplish many other things that we can only vaguely dream about today. It's worth being really careful and making sure that we don't screw up along the path.","Nick Bostrom is the founder and director of the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University and the author of \"Superintelligence. \"Thanks for speaking with us, Mr.  Bostrom, and I don't mind saying good luck.","Thanks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In (3), the speaker is not wishing Mr. Bostrom good luck in the literal sense, but rather expressing his appreciation for speaking with them and thanking him for his efforts.","questions":"What is the speaker expressing when he says \"good luck\"?","answer":"Appreciation"}
{"text":["So the president, I think, recognized that leverage and negotiated with them. I would have preferred a longer debt ceiling as well, closer to 18 months. But I do recognize the reality of the situation. We're providing relief to the hurricane victims from Harvey. And we're keeping the government running for three months. And we have a three-month debt ceiling. The agreement was reasonable. And again, those very same members who are complaining about it would have never voted for a better deal anyway.","I have to ask. You're from a swing district. I gather you spoke with Speaker Ryan before news of your declining to run for re-election got out. Did the speaker try and change your mind?","Well, I did speak with both Speaker Ryan and Steve Stivers. He's chair of the Congressional Campaign Committee. And they were both, I believe, fair to say, disappointed in what - would certainly prefer that I run for re-election. There's no question about that. But they understand that, you know, these decisions are not just about politics, they're personal. And they respect that, but they clearly would prefer that I run for re-election.","You would have had a tough primary though, right?There's been rallies against you and. . .","Oh, no. There was a rally last week, but it was a - that was a buffoon bus. And it was a - it was a freak show, to be honest with you. I mean, it really was bizarre. I mean, it was a bunch of people from out of town in a bus, you know, yelling and screaming. I mean, it really was not much of anything, but. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that A's decision to decline his reelection has a personal reason and not all for political reason.","questions":"What was the reason behind PersonA's decision to decline reelection?","answer":"Personal"}
{"text":["Which is - and Fosse - so that gives you a flavor of what these guys were. And Fosse laughs so hard and the, you know, all the tubes are plugged into his nose and the heart machine starts beeping and - I mean, it was a constant party in Fosse's room.","Well, and I'm struck by something you said because I guess he said he was under anesthesia, and began to get some ideas for a film. And he said: Even as I'm dying, I'm working.","Yep. That's the whole story of the guy, right there.","He didn't expect to live past 60, did he?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are no turns in this conversation.Whose atual meaning are different from their  literal meanings.All of the  return  are being used in straight for word and literal meanings.","questions":"How many turns are being used in this conversation?","answer":"0"}
{"text":["(Reading) They would ride through the hot, dim woods that sultry, ominous August from the hard ground, littered with spots of sifted sun, on the hills the horses would carry them in a minute to the hollows. There was something terrible about the hollows, deep-bottomed with decaying leaves, smelling of dead water and dark cleavage in insufferable heat. The sound of the horses' feet was like a confused heartbeat on the swampy ground. They both felt it. They used to get off the horses without having said a word and helplessly submerge themselves in each other's arms while the sweat ran down their backs under their shirts. They never talked there. They stood, swaying together, with their booted feet deep in the mulch, holding each other, hot and mystified in this green gloom. From far away in the upper meadows, they could always hear the cicada reaching an unbearable sharpened crescendo.","Lauren Groff, I think I'm fanning myself sitting there, listening to you read.","I mean, you can feel the - just summer love and how dazed she is by desire. And she was writing this - we just looked - in 1934, when not a lot of women were writing this stuff.","Absolutely."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The couple rode horses in the hot month of August. They could see the sunlight on the ground in spots where there were no trees. They rode to a wooded area that had a lot of old leaves, a still creek, and was very hot. The horses hooves sounded odd on the ground. They dismounted and held each other silently. ","questions":"How did the couple feel when they held each other in the wooded area?","answer":"Hot"}
{"text":["I was like, is this really happening?I also was quite bothered by the fact that folk would actually take advantage of community organizers working, like, to shift the landscape of violence and discrimination that is happening in our country.","As an activist, are you concerned that people possibly outside of this country are using social issues, which are divisive, and trying to sort of pit people against each other?","That is the worry. It's a huge concern. And it's unfortunate. But this is the age of technology that we're living in. And with any business practice, you want to do your due diligence with the folks that you're partnering with. It's just better for our work that this has happened because then we get to elevate our work and be more intentional with the communities that we serve.","So when you say due diligence, what does that mean, practically speaking?What are you doing differently?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The landscape of violence is not an actual landscape but the way society promotes violence and violence is seen everywhere.","questions":"Which term is used by the speaker to describe the current state of violence in society?","answer":"Landscape"}
{"text":["Well, we got some comments about a story we did on a reported drop of media coverage on the war in Iraq. Charles Durn(ph) in Doylestown, Pennsylvania wrote us this. I am amazed how the various reasons given for the reduced coverage skip the obvious. One of your guests said that coverage switched off the same week General Petraeus said the surge was working. The obvious reason is the press is not interested in success in Iraq, especially if it made Bush look good.","Caroline Madelle Bennett(ph) in Rochester, New York praised us for a guest on that same segment. I don't care for much of what NPR puts on anymore, but I want you to know that I appreciate your having Laura Flanders on this evening. She's one of the intelligent voices of which there are so few on radio, in broadcast news, commentary and analysis.","We got a couple of comments on the monthly series on jazz that we're doing. Last week, we talked about how radio stations were dropping jazz from their programming lineups. Melinda Kennedy, who listens on WMUE FM noted this. It's not the music that keeps me from listening, but the radio personalities that host the shows.","And Don Nickels(ph) from Wildwood, Missouri chimed in, jazz has not suffered. Most of the greats are gone, but other than that it is the same as it's been for decades. It is a black genre and has never made it out of that community. Should it have more exposure on the radio?Maybe. But if no one is listening, who will pay?Welcome to what makes the world go round. It's called capitalism."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The radio personalities hosting jazz shows are not good.","questions":"How did Melinda Kennedy feel about jazz on WMUE FM?","answer":"Personalities"}
{"text":["That's the most egregious part of this scandal - is that she and her boyfriend Sunny Balwani, who was the No. 2 of the company, knew as they were rolling out the blood-testing services in Walgreens stores in California and Arizona that the blood tests were faulty. And yet they still went ahead with the rollout. And there were - I came across personally in my reporting more than a dozen patients who had health scares because they received bad results from Theranos.","How could so many smart people be fooled?","Well, I think she capitalized on this in part - it's not the only answer. But she capitalizes on this yearning there was in Silicon Valley and beyond to see a woman breakthrough in this man's world in Silicon Valley. If you look back over the past 30 years, all these tech founders that have gone on to be billionaires and icons are all men. Elizabeth Holmes was going to be that first tech founder who became a billionaire.","John Carreyrou - his book \"Bad Blood\" - thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Elizabeth Holmes was able to attract attention and investment by presenting herself as a woman who could succeed in a male-dominated industry.","questions":"How was Elizabeth Holmes able to attract attention and investment?","answer":"Gender"}
{"text":["Yes. There are tens of thousands of North Koreans who are hiding in China today. At the peak in the late '90s, early 2000s, there were more than half a million. But in - about 25,000 have made it safely to South Korea where they're living today. And about 140, 150 have come to the United States, and there have been several hundred who've gone to Europe.","And this underground railroad, obviously the phrase we associate with escaped slaves from the South before the Civil War, but the analogy, you say, is apt.","The analogy is very similar. It's a secret network of safe houses and routes - secret routes across the country. It's staffed. It's operated mostly by Christians, similar to the original Underground Railroad, though there are also people who are in it for the money who are involved - brokers and human traffickers. And many of the people who help the North Koreans in China are ethnically Korean. That is they're Korean-Chinese or they're South Korean or there are - they are Americans who are of Korean heritage. I interviewed a number of the rescuers, and their stories are incredibly inspiring. Especially in this Christmas season, you think about these are people who are living their faith by going to a hostile country to help, and helping people that nobody else in the world is prepared to help.","And it's interesting. You tell the story of one of them: Adrian Hong."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The underground railroad for North Korean refugees is similar to that of the escaped slaves in the past.","questions":"How is the underground railroad for North Korean refugees compared to that of the escaped slaves in the past? (Answer: similar)","answer":"similar"}
{"text":["What is - let's start with this. What is your personal collection to the work and the images in this book?","Well, to me this was a labor of love. I've been living in the U. S. I came back to England. It's my homeland. I came back to London, my home city, and I felt that the culture of the young black people in particular here were suffering from a kind of deficit, historically speaking.","There were younger people in my neighborhood who were bereft of history, who took their idea of themselves from watching their kind of generic hip-hop video material that they got from the video screen rather than really inquiring into the particular history and experience of our communities in this country.","As I looked at the book, I was trying to find a theme, and I don't know if I found one or not. What was, in your view, the major trends or themes that you saw unfolding over the century that are depicted in these photographs?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"personal collection\" is a figurative expression meaning \"personal connection or attachment\"","questions":"How would you describe PersonA's motivation for creating the book?","answer":"Motivation"}
{"text":["Am I wrong to see in this novel a theme that the relics we worship are often no more than making a choice among frauds?","You know, Frederick - he had 19,000 of these things.","Yeah.","You know, everything. Frederick was called Frederick the Wise. This was a very learned man. And you think, well, wait, you know, how could he have really thought this was, you know, the - a strand of Jesus's hair or a piece of straw?And the answer is, I suspect he didn't in his heart of hearts, but his - the overriding theology, if you will, was I think he thought that if relics make people more pious, where's the harm?I'm attracted to that notion. If it - if belief in a, you know, a bone leads you to praying to be a better person - how quickly I descend into truism - where's the harm?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The worship of relics may be based on false beliefs, but it can still be beneficial if it encourages people to be more pious.","questions":"What was Frederick called?","answer":"Frederick"}
{"text":["How did that affect you and your political consciousness or your sense of your place in Iran?","Well, my father's jailed especially, but also the way my parents were, always made me feel politically suspicious of whoever was in power.","You know, and I think that I have kept that in a sense. And to be politically active, not in the sense of wanting to ever myself become part of any political group or clique, but there were certain values, certain principles, that became very important. And I felt that that is the main thing, not to compromise those principles, not to be, as my father used to say, not to be ashamed of yourself. But it's really, really, I think, changed my world forever. I could never ever again trust anything. If my father, who, one moment was one of the most popular mayors Tehran ever had - I was in Switzerland at the time, and you know, we would see his picture with General De Gaulle in Paris Match, or with the king of Denmark, with the chancellor of Germany; you know, he seemed to be top of the world - and the next moment almost, he would be in jail. If that could happen so easily, then I realized that anything could happen and you cannot trust at least the political life.","Azar Nafisi, coming up, we continue our discussion. She talks about the sexual abuse she had been silent about and how that influenced her view of Nabokov's novel \"Lolita. \""],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Top of the world\" is not literal, it just means the man was very successful at the time.","questions":"How did PersonA's father's success appear in Paris Match?","answer":"Successful"}
{"text":["Over 700 people were killed this week when a stampede took place during the Hajj, the annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca. The sheer volume of pilgrims every year has led to problems before. In fact, over 1,400 people were killed in a similar incident back in 1990. This week, Iran and other regional powers criticized the Saudi Arabian government for poor management of the crowds that come to their holy places. Gary Sick is a senior research scholar at Columbia's Middle East Institute. He joins us now from New York. Thanks so much for being with us, Mr.  Sick.","It's a real pleasure.","What do you read into Iran's outspoken criticism of Saudi Arabia over these deaths?","This is very standard stuff. The Iranians and the Saudis have a running battle about the Hajj. And the worst incident they've ever had was actually back in 1987. In each case, they've blamed the Saudis. And in each case, the Saudis have blamed the pilgrims for misbehaving, for not doing what they were told. And on the previous case, the Saudis broke diplomatic relations with Iran over the incident. And that was only restored a few years later after Khomeini died."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) A: It's a real pleasure. (implied meaning: I am happy to be here and discuss this important topic)","questions":"How did PersonA respond to PersonB's introduction?","answer":"Pleasure"}
{"text":["So I shaved my head kind of as a social experiment, you know?And sure enough, no more hey, baby, you know?But suddenly I was public enemy No. 1. People thought I was a skinhead or some kind of punk that was going to break something or steal something.","People were visibly intimidated - which, again, here's a girl moving through the world, craving eye contact, craving human connection, even fleeting connection, passersby, you know?And so the fact that people no longer even would look me in the eye was - it really weighed on me, and it started to accumulate in my chest. Even people who are politely nervous just eventually enraged me.","(Singing) I am not an angry girl, but it seems like I've got everyone fooled. Every time I say something they find hard to hear, they chalk it up to my anger and never to their own fear.","You had - as you talked about in the book, you were struggling with this idea of how to make art and how to sell your art or even if you should."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Shaving his head affected how people perceived him","questions":"How did people react to the speaker after they shaved their head?","answer":"Skinhead"}
{"text":["Yeah, it's light and it's very dark at the same time, yeah.","Well, that's what you go for or what?","Yeah, you got to have a little bit of - a little bit of an edge, I think.","You have a woman in a classical gown looking out over the sea coast in the moonlight holding a lantern. The caption - night after night she watches the sea, longing for her husband's departure (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Please expand upon your thoughts and discuss what your experience has been to-date with engagement with your loved one.","questions":"What is the caption of the woman in the classical gown holding a lantern?","answer":"Night"}
{"text":["Absolutely. Mary was beyond offended. This was after her columns had been a sensation, after the Army-McCarthy hearings. And Mary had to deal with that kind of institutional sexism throughout her career, that she knew she would have to work harder and write better than the men to be a syndicated columnist. But she was also fairly comfortable with the hand she was dealt. She was not a trailblazing feminist in a traditional sense of the word. She figured if she was going to get paid less and have to work harder, she would make the men on the campaign trail damn well carry her bags.","Yeah, Mary's bearers, they were called, right?","Indeed. I don't think a more illustrious group of porters has ever been assembled, that you could find people carrying her typewriter and bag who invariably had won a Pulitzer. And as her cousin once joked, that if the reporters around weren't able to do it, she would make the candidates do so.","I wish I could think of a better opening. Tell me the Lyndon Baines Johnson story, if you could, please."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), when Mary's cousin joked about making the candidates carry her bags if the reporters weren't able to do so, the actual meaning is that Mary was a skilled and respected journalist who deserved better treatment than having to rely on others to carry her equipment. The joke is a sarcastic critique of the sexist attitudes prevalent at the time,","questions":"What was the sarcastic critique of the sexist attitudes prevalent at the time in Mary's cousin's joke?","answer":"Sexist"}
{"text":["Parents never want to let their kids down, but this holiday season, many parents face a sad reality. Empty wallets will mean fewer presents. So how do you talk to your kids about facing a lean holiday season?We pose that question to our regular News & Notes contributor, Judge Lynn Toler, the star of TV's \"Divorce Court. \"Hi, Lynn.","How are you, Farai?","I'm doing quite well, but there are a lot of folks who are really financially pinched. And for better or worse, we live in a society where people are often judge by things. And kids are no exception. Kids can be really cruel, if you're wearing the wrong brand of sneakers or if you're - you got a toy, but it's the generic toy as opposed to some, you know, over-priced brand name toy. Given how kids act, and given the realities of the moment, and given that gift giving is a part of the holiday season, how do you, if you're a parent, process the needs that you have to deal, with the very real bills, and to deal with the expectations of little people?","Well, I have couple of responses to that. First of all, you give the hit to the persons or the people best able to take it. We as parents - my husband and I may not exchange gifts this year. We may exchange coupons for, I'll give you a coupon for going to a crash-and-smash movie with you, I'll go to a chic movie with you. (unintelligible)"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : financially \"pinched\" implies the money situation is painful","questions":"What word describes the money situation in the dialogue?","answer":"Painful"}
{"text":["What seems to be happening is that the numbers stay about the same, but that the types of people who are killed are actually, you know, have avalanche experience, are expert skiers who have taken avalanche training. There was this case of a woman, Olivia Buchanan, who died on Tuesday around Silverton, Colorado. And she had, you know, avalanche level-two training, was actually studying snow science at Montana State University.","So snow safety experts are now focusing more than ever on what are called human factors rather than trying to, you know, teach people how to analyze the snow to say whether the snow stability is good. So these are questions like, you know, are you being lured into a trap by groupthink?Do you want to impress your friends?And more often than not in an avalanche fatality, several of these factors are going to be present.","Are experienced skiers just pushing themselves more?","Some of it is just in the numbers. You know, there are more people than ever heading out into the backcountry. But the other piece of this is that skiing on tract powder in the backcountry is just like the most intoxicating form of skiing. You know, the images that we see in ski magazines, people flying down these high-alpine slopes. I mean, there's just nothing else like it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), \"Intoxicating form of skiing\" refers to the feeling of being overwhelmed with joy and excitement while skiing in the backcountry, and not being intoxicated with drugs or alcohol.","questions":"What does the term \"Intoxicating\" in turn 3 refer to?","answer":"feeling"}
{"text":["I mean, anything that - any interest rate right now that's pegged to the federal funds rate, which is a key benchmark rate that many, many credit cards, many, many - some types of mortgages - but also many more types of short-term debts are pegged to, you can benefit a whole lot.","The problem is that if you're already in one of these homes, for example, that's - and you're underwater, meaning that you're house is worth less than the mortgage owner, and you've got poor credit or you don't have enough money or enough equity in the house to be able to refinance, then you're going to run it to a proper and you're not going to benefit.","Whether or not they - that helps the economy overall remains to be seen. I mean, the problem with economics statistics is that many times they lag by a couple of months. And so by the time you find out - by the time a recession is declared, you may have already been in one for about a month or two before you - before the rest of the country actually knows ,you know, some grand proclamation that comes from the Federal Reserve or some economists somewhere that we are in a recession.","We're going to talk a little bit more soon with a realtor in Ohio, your state, about the situation there. But last week, Countrywide Financial was subpoenaed by the attorney general of Florida. It's just one of a number of government agencies investigating the largest mortgage lender."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) To be subpoenaed means to be compelled to testify in court or provide evidence.","questions":"Which company was subpoenaed by the attorney general of Florida?","answer":"Countrywide"}
{"text":["Yeah. Yeah, you know, and even more specifically, a black man because we really get a bad rap in mainstream media, particularly black fathers, you know. There's always the stereotype that, you know, we're not present or deadbeats, you know, et cetera, et cetera. And while obviously those situations do exist, it feels very much so that it's just like disproportionately represented in that way.","And, you know, I have a lot of friends that are young fathers, and they're all willing to do whatever it takes for their young girls. And, you know, this was just kind of me put myself in their shoes and kind of representing and also really being inspired by all these viral videos of dads doing their daughter's hair and people just really being fascinated by that.","I want to mention that before the film and the book, you were executive producer on \"BlacKkKlansman. \"You've done commercials. You've done music videos. Before that, you played in the NFL.","(Laughter) Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Black fathers are unfairly stereotyped in mainstream media.","questions":"Which group of fathers is disproportionately represented in mainstream media?","answer":"blackfathers"}
{"text":["It's a great legal strategy. You know, if Zazi didn't cooperate, he was going to be facing life in jail. The other options is to go to trial. And when you go to trial, universally you end up getting sentenced to a much longer sentence than you would if you cooperated.","Can you compare how we handle a case like this, which has to do with Islamist terrorism, with the domestic terrorism cases we've been hearing about recently?I'm thinking specifically about white supremacists. Does the government deal with them in the same way?","Yeah, in many ways they do in terms of cooperation. They don't in terms of charges. So you can charge an individual with material support to terrorism as it relates to ISIS or al-Qaida. You can't have that same statute when it comes to white supremacy. There isn't a parallel statute. For white supremacists, you know, they do flip a lot of individuals. But it's a different approach.","In this case, as you mentioned, they were able to put a lot of pressure to bear to get information, the names of people who were involved. Do you think that's happening with investigators who are dealing with the synagogue shooting suspect, for example?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Flip a lot of individuals does not actually mean they are physically doing a flip.","questions":"What does \"flip\" mean in the context of the dialogue?","answer":"Cooperate"}
{"text":["Well, you know, in my opinion, a geek is somebody who obsesses, and who tinkers and who tries to kind of take apart the world - whether that's, you know, in a literal way by disassembling things or reassembling them or in a figurative way by being a writer or a musician or something like that. And Tesla was sort of the embodiment of that. He was almost like a - sort of like a Steve Wozniak, in a way, in that he was kind of this brilliant workhorse that maybe early on was a bit naive about money. He wasn't really concerned with that. He was just concerned with seeing what he could do to the world and how he could change it.","And didn't quite get the same glory as Edison.","He did not, no. He was - he wasn't great at marketing himself, and he wasn't great at making money. He was brilliant. He was a genius, but he was not a businessman.","What does this site look like, this old lab of his?Are there things lying around like his tools, or a half-eaten bag of chips or something that could be auctioned off?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn: \"didn't quite get the same glory\" Actual meaning: Did not receive the same recognition or fame.","questions":"Which term describes Tesla as someone who takes apart or reassembles the world?","answer":"Tinker"}
{"text":["Well, what it does is it does away with the prohibition against rating on pre-existing conditions, meaning that if you have a pre-existing condition - and about a third of us do - that you could be charged a much higher rate for insurance. So let me give you an example. Somebody is working, they have insurance, and they have a catastrophic illness - cancer, some other calamity. They have to stop working because they need to get their condition taken care of. If they're out for 60 days, they lose their insurance. And now, they have to pay whatever the insurance company decides is the premium because they are - now have a pre-existing condition. Somebody in that situation may never be able to accumulate enough money to pay the very high premiums and get back on the cycle of having continuous insurance coverage.","Now, of course, Speaker Ryan looks forward to what are called now high-risk pools. These would be plans that are essentially devoted to try and accommodate people who have expensive and pre-existing conditions. You're not convinced that would do it.","Well, I think that the problem with those is in the fine print. First of all, very often they are not adequately funded. And many of the high-risk pools have lifetime caps, lifetime limits.","What kind of reforms would you like to make?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Implies that the high-risk pools are often not sufficiently funded and\/or have limits on coverage","questions":"Which issue does PersonA have with high-risk pools?","answer":"Funding"}
{"text":["Well, there's no doubt about that. So the near-Earth asteroids number about 500,000, but we only know of 9,000. And the reason that they're so interesting, Ira, is because they are actually energetically easier to reach than the surface of the moon. So we've been to the moon many times, and the moon is a great place, which is very worthy of our exploration. But just to give you an idea of how close some of the asteroids are, they're easier to reach than our own moon.","Yeah.","So they're not way out there in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. These are. . .","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning is that near-Earth asteroids are easier to reach than the surface of the moon.","questions":"What is energetically easier to reach than the surface of the moon?","answer":"NearEarthasteroids."}
{"text":["We don't know what, if anything, he has told the investigators thus far. But we do know, as we suggested earlier, a lot of the questions. For example, where did the guns come from?Where did the explosives come from?And where did the money for those things come from?","Well, first of all, if he is coming in and out of consciousness - which is what we understand is going on right now, in the hospital room - they really can't question him. He has to be sort of sitting up and reasonably aware of what's going on. Now, this had happened in the Abdulmutallab case, in 2009. That's the young man from Nigeria who was on Flight 253, going over Detroit, and he was wearing an underwear bomb.","And for the first 50 minutes - five, zero minutes - that he was in custody, they questioned him without Mirandizing him because they wanted to know if this is part of a broader plot. But then they Mirandized him. . .","Were there other bombs on other planes?Yes."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 1. B implies that they know more than what they have revealed about the investigation so far. 2. A implies that there was a delay in Mirandizing the suspect in the Abdulmutallab case because they wanted to gather more information.  B implies that there were other bombs on other planes.","questions":"How did PersonA describe the questioning of Abdulmutallab before he was Mirandized?","answer":"without"}
{"text":["One of the things you can buy with bitcoins is illicit products, like drugs, for example. And it has proven to be a particularly attractive application for bitcoin because if you tried to set up a black market for drugs and accept credit card payments, the credit card networks would shut you down right away. But there's nobody who runs the bitcoin network, and so there's nobody the authorities can go to and say, shut down this network or reverse that payment.","I gather bitcoin's created through mining but not, like, chisel and cloud of dust mining. Right?","Yeah. So mining is the term that bitcoin people use for the process that computers use to kind of run the bitcoin network. There's a global shared record of who has made which payments to whom. And the computers that participate in this process get a reward of new bitcoins. Right now, every block, which happens about 10 minutes, you get a reward of 12. 5 bitcoins, which is worth more than $100,000. And they call it mining because you're creating new bitcoins in the process of running the network.","And that takes a lot of energy, I gather.","It does. One recent estimate said that the bitcoin network as a whole consumes about as much energy as the nation of Denmark."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The speaker is implying that \"mining\" in the context of Bitcoin is not done in the same way as traditional mining (with chisels and clouds of dust) but rather is done with computers and technology.","questions":"How do computers participate in the process of running the bitcoin network?","answer":"Reward"}
{"text":["People are still debating 70 years later about whether or not FDR's New Deal actually corrected the Great Depression or whether it was World War II.","Finally, Mara, let's take a look ahead. What is next on the president's agenda?And what else will he be talking about and promoting in the weeks to come?","Well, he has the State of the Union, the big address to Congress next Tuesday. He has what's called a fiscal responsibility summit on Monday, which is kind of an extraordinary thing where he's going to be trying to explain to people how after he's increasing the deficit by trillions of dollars, how at some point in the future he's going to bring it down so that we don't basically become like a Banana Republic and inflate our way out of this mess.","In other words, the solution to the immediate crisis, which is deficit spending, is going to cause another problem that has to be solved down the road. He's also going to be rolling out his budget next week, which will have some parts of his health-care agenda on it. And of course, tomorrow, he will be talking about housing in Phoenix, Arizona."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The effects of FDR's New Deal on the Great Depression are still controversial.","questions":"How are people still debating the effects of FDR's New Deal on the Great Depression after 70 years?","answer":"Controversially"}
{"text":["Have you had any feelers for a plea bargain from Socrates?","We were open to that discussion. And so, if Mr.  Webb and Mr.  Bob Clifford are listening, we're hoping to cut a deal. And it would disappoint the audience, who paid for a show, but I think we'd be willing to talk about perhaps a deferred prosecution agreement.","In our time, I think the key to Socrates wisdom is taken to be that Socrates said he was not the wisest man in Athens, and of course that just confirmed that he was because he was the only man who was aware of his limitations in ignorance. How do lawyers react to that?","Oh, I think there's a lot to be said for that, in that Socrates asked a lot of questions and gave fewer answers. But I think a lot of what happened in the trial of Socrates was interesting history. For example, the people talk about the death penalty, and I think what they miss at the time was that Athenian law required a jury to pick between the two options. So, if the government asked for death and the defendant asked for something different, they couldn't come up with a third option. And so since Socrates put before the jury his request that he be given free meals for life, they really had little choice. Either pay a man convicted of a crime free meals for life or put him death. And so I think part of what will take place next week is to try to put people back in the perspective of the Athenians, where Socrates gave them little choice and had to vote when it came to the penalty phase."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : none","questions":"What was the option Socrates put before the jury during his trial?","answer":"Free"}
{"text":["That's right. There are a few things in particular that stood out in the early excerpts. I haven't had the chance to get my hands on the book yet. But a couple of things in particular. One is that Bannon talks about that infamous Trump Tower meeting in June of 2016 that featured Donald Trump Jr. , Jared Kushner, Paul Manafort and the meeting that they had with the Russian lawyer, who was offering dirt on Hillary Clinton. Bannon describes the meeting as treasonous, as unpatriotic. And he says that those three should've called the FBI immediately. A second thing is that he also says that there's no way - there's no way that Trump Jr.  didn't walk the Russians up one floor to the 26th floor of Trump Tower and introduce them to Trump himself.","We should explain that's his - he doesn't know that happened, but he just finds it inconceivable it didn't.","He doesn't offer any proof. He wasn't in the campaign at the time. But this would be important if true because Trump has denied any knowledge of the Russian overtures, any knowledge of Russian outreach. And it would - this would obviously contradict that. The last thing is that Bannon says that the investigation is going to focus on money laundering. There are indications that Mueller's team may indeed be looking at that. So a lot to digest there.","NPR's Ryan Lucas, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"he just finds it inconceivable it didn't.\" - The actual meaning of this turn is figurative, expressing Bannon's belief that it is highly likely that Trump Jr. introduced the Russians to Trump, rather than literally being unable to imagine the possibility of it not happening.","questions":"What does the figurative meaning of \"inconceivable\" suggest about Bannon's belief?","answer":"Probability"}
{"text":["Well, generally speaking, you're going to have 100,000 dollars insurance in most financial institutions. There are a very a few uninsured institutions. I believe there are credit unions that are privately insured, but they're rare as hen's teeth. By and large, it doesn't matter. As long as you stay under the 100,000 dollar limit, I think you'll be fine.","I'd be curious to see what Goldman's teller window looks like and whether they give away toasters, but I somehow think it will be a little different from the corner bank.","When the government says, for example, that it has moved to secure mutual funds and people need not worry about their money, how can the average person have confidence in that right now?","Well, to be specific, they're really only backing money market mutual funds. And even more specifically, I believe that some of those have to - the ones that do have to pay into the fund that insures it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : it represents the person is very enthusiastic and interested to be engaged in doing it","questions":"How does PersonA feel about doing the activity mentioned in turn 1?","answer":"Enthusiastic"}
{"text":["Hi Farai. Great to be with you.","Always. So we've been following this situation in Zimbabwe and the situation includes a tainted election and economic collapse. Now the U. S.  has imposed new sanctions, accusing President Robert Mugabe of heading an illegitimate government that sponsors violence. Last week, the president - President Bush - signed an executive order that adds new financial restrictions against individuals and organizations linked to Mugabe's government. So South Africa criticized those new sanctions, saying they could actually obstruct these power sharing talks. What do you think?","Well I think the international community has to use everything in its tool kit to kind of acknowledge what has happened in Zimbabwe and to put pressure for change. I mean, what has happened is just unacceptable. You have had not only the flawed elections of March 29th, but again failed electoral process in June and you know, right now there is this critical period of negotiations, political negotiations that need real pressure and real support. So I think it is important that the international community does everything that it can to say that it is time for a change in Zimbabwe.","Clearly South Africa has had a lot at stake. The quiet diplomacy that we talk about with Mbeki. The quiet diplomacy has, well, brought some results, but not the results needed. And I think the African Union, the Southern African Development Community all have said that more is needed to bring really a chance for peace and also for justice in Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The international community should put pressure on Zimbabwe for a change.","questions":"What is the reason for the US imposing new sanctions on Zimbabwe?","answer":"change"}
{"text":["Yes, there was a peace agreement. But the big part of the peace agreement was that there is no border between Ireland and Northern Island. And that was possible because both Great Britain and Ireland are within the EU.","Can Britain get what they call a soft exit, or are there too many hard feelings for that?","I think on the EU side, there is a lot of willingness to have the soft Brexit. There's not much willingness among the hard Brexiteers to have a soft Brexit because a soft Brexit means that you stay within the customs union. The customs union means that you export and import goods freely. But if you stay within the customs union, you keep the same standards and the same rule book.","This sounds like an awful mess."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The peace agreement has a condition where there is no border between Ireland and Northern Island.","questions":"Which country is within the EU in the context of the peace agreement mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Ireland"}
{"text":["Mr.  Jones\u2026","Yes?","\u2026when you think about the issues of justice and in - for so long, we as African-Americans have and many of us have debated what does justice mean in this life, what does justice mean in the next life, do you think that there is racial justice?Do you think that there will be racial justice on this Earth?","Yes, I do. I believe that we are at a profound transition point. Martin King would say today, there's no way we can make the transition to the 21st century unless we leave the baggage of slavery and racism behind.","And I think to talk about current events, I think that he would both be disappointed and appalled in what's going on in the political discourse. He would be disappointed because when the Senator Obama is criticized in the speech he gave in Philadelphia, Martin would say, well, hold on, America seems to be deeply afflicted by amnesia about how it cheated these African-American people over the past 20th century.","But I think he'd applaud the fact that Senator Obama did what should have been done earlier and needs to be done. You see what Senator Obama did, he walked into the national living room of America and acknowledged and then talked to the 800-pound gorilla of race relations that everybody knew was sitting in there for the 20th century."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : The speaker believes that Senator Obama did the right thing by addressing the issue of race relations in America, which has been a long-standing problem. The reference to the \"800-pound gorilla\" suggests that this is a difficult issue that people have been avoiding for a long time.","questions":"Which issue did Senator Obama address during his speech in Philadelphia?","answer":"Race"}
{"text":["Assuming we know some it.","And that's it. And, you know, we know some of it a little at this stage. These are very early studies that are just almost like proof of principle, that clearly we're seeing the same trends across different mucosal surfaces in body. So perhaps there could be a unifying theory in this idea of restoring appropriate colonization patterns to those sites.","Well, let me ask you a wild question that just struck me. If you overly - if you're a mouthwash user and it kills everything in your mouth or any bacteria, 99 percent of the germs, it says, are you doing yourself a disservice?","I - we - nobody has looked at that. And it's - again, anything that perturbes these communities, you know, there's the potential for pathogenic organisms to outgrow in that kind of depleted diversity community. So it would be wonderful study. We don't study oral micro biota, but it would be wonderful study."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"anything that perturbes these communities, you know, there's the potential for pathogenic organisms to outgrow in that kind of depleted diversity community.\"  This turn uses the scientific term \"perturbes\" to mean \"disrupts\" or \"disturbs\" the communities, rather than a more general or literal meaning of the word. Additionally, \"depleted diversity community\" is a specific scientific term that refers to a community with a reduced diversity of species, rather than a literal description of a community.","questions":"Which term refers to a community with reduced diversity of species?","answer":"community"}
{"text":["Jay Austin and Lauren Geoghegan were both 29. For years, they worked desk jobs in Washington, D. C.  - Lauren at the admissions office at Georgetown University, Jay at the Department of Housing and Urban Development. In their travel blog, they wrote that they wanted to live life on simpler, more deliberate terms and see the globe in an inexpensive, sustainable and gratifying way. They wanted to bike it. Back in 2015, Jay Austin showed an NPR reporter around his house as part of a feature on the tiny house movement.","That's the parlor over there, seating for about seven or so, two couches.","All 143 square feet of it. Jay Austin believed in tiny homes.","I think it's really been great to have kind of not a very complex, not a very expensive space but to have the ability to have easy access to nature. If I am feeling like I have cabin fever, I open my front door."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The parlor is small despite seating for seven.","questions":"How many people can the parlor seat despite its size?","answer":"Seven"}
{"text":["Well, it first, you know, it was amphoras of wine coming in from the Etruscan area. The wine press is made out of local limestone. So that indicates that they are, you know, setting up their industry right from the materials that they have at hand. They probably need some help from the Etruscans to lay out the vineyards.","They have to have the grape vine, the domesticated grape vine that was ultimately domesticated in the Near East, that has to be transplanted probably from central Italy over to southern France, and then they have to be - the southern French have to be tutored at first in how to lay out the vineyards and how to make the wine.","How do you get - so they're bringing the roots back, the living vines, with them in a boat?","That's what we think. I mean, we have examples where grape vines are found in moist soil in the hull of the ship, and that would be probably the way it was done."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The grape vine being transplanted doesn't refer literally to one vine, it implies a species of vine.","questions":"What is the grape vine referring to?","answer":"Grape"}
{"text":["Do drones offer the appearance of risk-free combat?","Well, inside our business, Scott, they don't. There's nothing risk-free about anything we do. And when you're talking about decisions that may affect life and death, I think we take this very seriously. There is nothing in this enterprise that discounts the value of life on the ground - all life, by the way - friendly life, enemy life and then, of course, civilian non-combatant life and property. It's something that is very deeply ingrained in our folks as they go through training.","But to press you a bit on this, General, I wonder - does drone warfare offer, to some Americans, the appearance of being able to strike militarily almost anywhere in the world and not have to worry about suffering casualties and consequence?","Yeah, it's one of the reasons that we don't like the term drone warfare, Scott, the - because drone does imply a level of autonomy that is not the case. It does imply a lack of thinking and a lack of human involvement. A primary reason we call them remotely piloted aircraft is because there is somebody flying them. There is somebody in that decision loop. In fact, there are lots of somebodies in it who are adding the human judgments that we think are critical when you're in the business of life and death."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"appearance of risk-free combat\": the literal meaning of this phrase is that combat conducted by drones looks like it is without any risk; however, the actual meaning is that some people may perceive drone warfare as having fewer risks than traditional warfare, but it does not mean that it is entirely risk-free.","questions":"How does the term \"drone warfare\" imply a lack of thinking and human involvement?","answer":"Autonomy"}
{"text":["It's nutritionally vacuous. It's unhealthy. Why would you eat iceberg?Iceberg is pathetic. Iceberg is, you know, lettuce for people who have no class or no taste.","In 1894, the Burpee seed catalog introduced iceberg to the world. It was advertised as hardy, rich, flavorful and, most importantly, durable.","From the moment of its introduction, it transformed the face of American lettuce consumption. And for decades and decades and decades, it was overwhelmingly the lettuce that was consumed in the United States of America.","Eventually, iceberg's popularity became its downfall."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's not an actual face but the most popular and most seen way that lettuce is consumed.","questions":"What was overwhelmingly consumed in the United States for decades and decades and decades?","answer":"Iceberg"}
{"text":["Very good, thank you.","So, tell me a little bit about this new report you've done.","This is a very timely paper. I'm sure many people don't know, but there are essentially three different laws that are governing transracial adoptions in the United States.","We just signed on to the Hague Convention for international adoptions, which stipulates that preservation of one's culture and heritage is important, and requires 15 hours of prospective adoptive parent training."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that an adopted child cultural background is protected by international law.","questions":"Which aspect of international law protects an adopted child's cultural background?","answer":"Preservation"}
{"text":["(Laughing) You would think, but its this weird sort of a - the more I get to know them, the more they become different objects with such different ingredients that I love them more with each passing day.","(Laughing) So I have a burrito specimen here with me in the studio. And I'm going to unwrap. . .","Is it in wax paper or tinfoil?","It is in both tinfoil and wax paper."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning is that A is inquiring about the details surrounding B's special person.","questions":"How is the burrito wrapped?","answer":"Details"}
{"text":["And I saw that with just kids I knew at public school that were gifted. A lot of them struggled as they got older because they've been told they were smart. And so when they failed, they felt let down, they felt confused, and they blamed themselves.","So I think you see that on a much grander level with a child star where they get this level of fame and success and they think that that's going to last forever because they get used to it. And as they get older it's taken away from them, and they're not sure who to blame. And they don't know how to do anything for themselves.","And almost inevitably taken away from them by a disease called adolescence.","Yes, exactly. I mean I think that child stars are - they're used, in a way, to - their cuteness is used. And a lot of child actors - I mean people often ask me, they say why were you in so many kids' movies. And one was that my mother and father believed that there weren't enough good kids' movies out there. Now, I wasn't always in the best kids' movies, but they thought that that was important. And another thing is that there can really only be so many \"To Kill A Mockingbirds\" out there."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Adolescence is when children change and is not easy to go through.","questions":"What gets taken away from child stars?","answer":"Fame"}
{"text":["So, I mean, I think it does definitely set a dangerous precedent, but I think if you're online, realistically, you have to assume that there's a great deal of data being accumulated about everything you do and you have to assume that your privacy always could be jeopardized. I think, you know, that's - from a common sense standpoint, you had to assume this would happen sooner or later.","Just quickly, what should you do if so?","That's a good question. I mean, I don't think there's an easy answer to that. Just be very aware that everything you're doing could be documented. I mean, there's ways you can do things from some other IP address other than your own. I mean, I think - people think of it as something that only matters as far as people stealing copyrighted work, but there's many other ratifications. I mean, people all around the world use things like Google and YouTube, and there have been cases of government entities seeking to use data to go after political dissidents for what they're doing online. . .","All right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is expected that your online privacy will be compromised.","questions":"How would you describe the danger of assuming privacy online?","answer":"danger"}
{"text":["Well, when it first was set up - it was set up to run international finance. And we had a very tightly regulated system of exchange rates and countries - if they wanted to change their exchange rate, had to get permission from the IMF. And so that was - I mean, that's a very powerful role. And this is all countries, this is not just poor countries. And that whole system collapsed in the early 1970s. But since then, as financial crises have proliferated, the IMF has stepped in as the principal emergency doctor for countries in trouble and it tries to figure out how the country has to change its behavior so that its finances get put on a more sustainable basis.","Where did it get its money?","The best way of thinking of the IMF is it's like a credit union that countries put deposits into the IMF, and then the IMF uses those deposits to help countries in trouble. And it's got about 400 billion of deposits and another 400 to 500 billion of borrowings. And that gives it close to a $1 trillion, which it can then apply to helping the poorer members who've got themselves into trouble.","You visited a couple of IMF missions - how popular are they in countries where they've taken a major role?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The best way of thinking of the IMF is it's like a credit union that countries put deposits into the IMF, and then the IMF uses those deposits to help countries in trouble. - Implied meaning: Countries provide deposits to the IMF which can be used to help other countries in need.","questions":"How does the IMF help countries in need?","answer":"Deposits"}
{"text":["We had testimony submitted to us this morning in writing by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who engineered - according to the government and himself - the attacks of 9\/11. And he was questioned about the role of Salim Hamdan, and I'll just read you one paragraph from what he answered.","The question was, did Salim Hamdan ever have any role in planning, or carry out, any activities that you either directed or were involved in?, as he was the director of operations. He didn't play any role. He was not a soldier. He was a driver. His nature was primitive. He was a Bedouin one person and far from civilized. He was not fit to plan or execute. But he is fit to change truck tires, to change oil filters, wash and clean cars, and passing cargo and pickup trucks. He could tighten bolts and could select the best maintenance shop.","This is Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, saying this about Hamdan?","That's right. We also had testimony from Waleed bin Attash, and as I understand it, he was responsible, or has boasted his responsibility, for the attack on the USS Cole. And he says Salim Hamdan's activities were distinctively clear, as he was seen driving the cars going and coming every day. His responsibilities were those related to driving, such as mechanical and maintenance and repairs. He was not involved in planning any attacks against the United States."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : : The speaker is expressing frustration or disappointment about a situation, and may be looking for empathy or support from the listener.","questions":"What emotion is the speaker conveying in turn 2?","answer":"Frustration"}
{"text":["Yeah. Some of the Republicans who used to sound the alarm about rising deficits during the Obama administration seem less concerned about that now. I'm not sure if that's because they've gotten some new economic theory. It may have more to do just with who's in charge. During the recession, we saw dire warnings about debt-to-GDP ratios. Those turned out not to be true. A better question might be, you know, what are we running up the debt for?","During World War II, the country ran huge deficits, and I think history generally considers that money well spent to preserve democracy, defeat the Nazis. We'll see how history judges deficit spending now to provide tax cuts and boost government spending in an economy that's already close to full employment.","That is NPR's White House correspondent Scott Horsley. Thanks so much.","Good to be with you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Deficit spending to provide tax cuts may not be judged favorably in history","questions":"What might be considered well spent during World War II according to history?","answer":"democracy"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me.","How long have you been throwing the javelin?","I started throwing when I was 13 years old.","When you were 13 years old. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"When you were 13 years old...\" - This turn is not a question about the person's age when they started throwing the javelin, but rather a way for the speaker to express surprise or disbelief about the fact that the person started throwing at such a young age. The literal meaning of the turn is a simple question about the person's age, but the intended meaning is different, as it conveys a sense of amazement or disbelief.","questions":"Which emotion does turn 3 convey?","answer":"Amazement"}
{"text":["Aw. We mentioned that you worked for President George W.  Bush, who advised John McCain. In your circle of friends, people there at the Hoover Institution - without violating any any confidences - your friends and colleagues - is your opinion widely held or are people who ordinarily would support the Republican candidate talking about voting for Hillary Clinton?","I think this is a real time of crisis for Republicans. It's hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Donald Trump. And it's very hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Hillary Clinton. In fact, I would have indulged the luxury of writing in one of my terrific nephews for president if I hadn't seen that the polls during the British referendum were off by 12 points. And my concern that (inaudible) be accurate, and everybody's vote's actually going to count this election.","Kori Schake is a research fellow at the Hoover Institution. She joined us by Skype. Thanks very much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People are uncertain about their vote in this election, and are hesitant to support either the Republican or Democratic candidate.","questions":"How are people feeling about the Republican and Democratic candidates in this election?","answer":"Uncertain"}
{"text":["Yeah - African-American mayor from Tallahassee.","Yes. So this is sort of a test of whether real progressive candidates can win in these sort of purplish states. And so that's going to be a really - you have a Trump ally there in Ron DeSantis. It's going to be, I think, a really close race still. Next door in Georgia, another woman trying to make history - Stacey Abrams would be the first African-American woman ever elected governor.","Right.","And that's a state that is changing. Has it changed enough?That's a really big question. And then there's sort of a handful of surprising opportunities for Democrats in the Midwest and in the Sun Belt. Nevada and Ohio - those were always sort of toss-ups. But then Democrats have real chances to flip some places - really ruby-red territory - like Kansas, South Dakota, maybe even Oklahoma."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Purplish\" states are not really colored. They refer to US states that are neither clearly Republican (red) nor Democrat (blue) in their voting..","questions":"Which states are referred to as \"purplish\" in the dialogue?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["And those in dissent, which were Ginsburg, Sotomayor and Elena Kagan, what did they say?","They pointed out that for about 400,000 voters, they would have to make a three-hour round-trip to get the kind of ID that they needed, that the state would except; for example, a Veterans Affairs ID or a four-year college ID. And in the end, wrote Justice Ginsburg for the three. The greatest threat to public confidence in this case is the prospect of enforcing a discriminatory law, one that likely imposes an unconstitutional poll tax and risks denying the right to vote to hundreds of thousands of eligible voters. So that's what they said in the end; that they would have blocked this voter ID law from going into effect.","So an important decision, but an even more important one ahead at some point.","That's exactly right. This is a big deal for this election, a stinging rebuke to the Obama administration, which really had sought to block the Texas law from going into effect. But it doesn't mean they're going to lose ultimately."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using sarcasm or irony to convey a different meaning than what is being explicitly stated.","questions":"What is the tone of the speaker in turn 3?","answer":"Ironic"}
{"text":["How are you, Scott?","Fine, thanks, but I don't have to answer a lot of these questions from persnickety grammar people. Why was the internet capitalized in the first place?","Well, that's a good question. The internet is wholly generic, like the telephone or electricity. It never was trademarked. It's not based on any proper noun. And I think the best reason for capitalizing in the past may just have been the term was new. I read that at one point people, capitalized phonograph, so maybe it was something like that, but now it's a routine part of daily life.","Is it in anyway because to a lot of people, the internet is a place?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implies that there could be a specific reason for capitalizing the internet, beyond simply being new, such as the fact that to many people, the internet is seen as a place.","questions":"Which reason for capitalizing the internet is suggested in turn 3?","answer":"Place"}
{"text":["The protests haven't been as widespread as people have expected. But nonetheless, these protests are continuing. And it's a show and a sign that the world is not standing by Trump and his declaration and his pronouncements and certainly not his positions.","Well - and yet the Saudi crown prince is reported to have urged Mahmoud Abbas, the Palestinian president, to accept a very limited state noncontiguous with most settlements remaining. And we've also heard sort of similar backroom discussions from Egypt and other countries in the region.","Yes. You're absolutely right. There hasn't been a time in - since 1967 where Saudi Arabia has been on the right side when it comes to Palestinian rights. The real question is whether Mahmoud Abbas is going to sign something like that. And as much as he's somebody I criticize and I'm not a fan of, this is not an agreement that I see him signing onto because it doesn't even ensure that Palestinian rights are being protected.","Instead, it legitimates the settlements that are illegal. It removes Jerusalem - Palestinian Jerusalem. And it is effectively doing away with the Palestinian right of return. So this is not something that any Palestinian leader, including Mahmoud Abbas, is going to sign onto."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Saudi Arabia has historically not been supportive of Palestinian rights.","questions":"Which country has a historical lack of support for Palestinian rights?","answer":"Saudi"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. That's the thing about everything in life, kind of, is that you kind of have to try certain things out to figure out what you want. So it's like you should always be able to have that moment of, like, figuring out who you are by using a bunch of different things that you've heard already. And then instead of still doing that for your whole career, which I think some people do, you have to take that and, like, digest it and then come out with something that's everything combined. And it's your own thing.","(Singing) Where did you go?I should know. But it's cold. And I don't want to be lonely. So show me the way home. I can't lose another life.","I get that sense of being real is something deeply important.","It's very important for me. I just feel uncomfortable having things be disingenuous. Like, I just have a big thing about honesty and, like, real. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is not literally talking about honesty and being real but rather expressing their discomfort with situations that feel inauthentic.","questions":"Which turn expresses the PersonA's discomfort with inauthentic situations?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["Yeah. This is, again, completely innovative. You know, part of the problem that we have with tall buildings is building them all out of glass and then having to go to gymnastics to kind of cover them up on the outside, and we see that in America. But in intense solar environments like the desert, it makes even less sense.","This is an innovative way to control this. It actually, to my knowledge, for the first time creates this skin on the outside made up of, you know, hundreds of modules, which can open and close by computer control, depending on the angle of incident sun. So if the sun's on the other side of the building, the modules open up and allow natural daylight into the space. And if the sun is incident on the building, then those modules close up and block the sun from entering.","Is what makes a tall building great the ability to actually look like it fits in with the rest of the buildings in the neighborhood or the culture of the people?","I believe so. That's - you know, as a professor, that's the thing that I advocate. I believe that a Chinese tall building or a, you know, an American tall building or a Middle Eastern tall building should be different to each other in the same way that, you know, religious and other architecture is clearly identifiable."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"having to go to gymnastics\" - This is a figurative expression that means going through great effort or difficulty to accomplish something, rather than literally going to a gymnastics class.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the process of covering up tall buildings on the outside?","answer":"Effort"}
{"text":["Oh, gosh. I. . .","Do you have over a thousand?","I can tell you in gigabytes. I have 40 GB of music.","Forty gigabytes. OK, so you're - I mean, you're doing pretty good. I mean, the average person actually carries around 1,700 songs. I had no idea, I don't carry that many songs with me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A is asking B if they have over a thousand songs.","questions":"How much music does PersonB have in gigabytes?","answer":"40"}
{"text":["There are laws that do govern whether the - whether U. S.  individuals can serve as officers, can enlist in foreign militaries, but it's unclear if they're ever enforced and what the penalties really are because of various Supreme Court decisions. You've seen how Americans have served in the French - well, I've mentioned French Foreign Legion in the article, the Israeli Defense Forces. And these are not mercenaries.","A lot of Americans enlisted in the British Army during World War II.","Sure, right. And these are not - you wouldn't call them mercenaries. But I don't know that there's a distinction if you then join a foreign military just for the money. Now - and by the way, this doesn't apply to people who join ISIS or the Taliban or somebody who fights against the U. S.  or a U. S.  ally.","That really is against the law."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It's possible for U.S. individuals to serve in foreign militaries, but it's unclear if there are consequences for doing so","questions":"What is unclear about serving in foreign militaries for U.S. individuals?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["So tell me - is it something special when these holidays overlap?They are generally close, but not like this year where they're just - one is right on top of the other one.","That's right. They don't always overlap for reasons that have to do with oddities in astronomical calculations than anything else because they actually share a common history. And I think that it is special when they overlap because Christians are certainly able to see more readily how the roots of their Easter celebrations are intimately connected with the celebration of Passover. And perhaps Jews also see the sense of affinity that they have with their Christian neighbors and perhaps find other ways in which their own celebrations are illuminated.","You know, one of the things that is said every year at the Seder that I go to is that the last supper was a seder.","That's absolutely right. We can't be sure that it was a seder quite like those that are more familiar from recent times because, in fact, strange as it may seem, the stories of the Last Supper are among the oldest evidence we have for anybody celebrating a seder. And yet they don't include some of those lovely details that are familiar to so many - the series of cups of wine or all the special foods or the questions that are asked. But it's absolutely true that the bulk of the earliest Christian material identifies the Last Supper as a meal celebrated at Passover by Jesus with His disciples, even though they're a bit short on the ritual detail."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning behind this turn is that Christians and Jews can find commonality in their respective holiday celebrations, thus creating a sense of connection. ","questions":"Which connection is mentioned between Christians and Jews in their holiday celebrations?","answer":"Commonality"}
{"text":["I assume, Sean, you're not going to have anyone there kind of pulling in the CNN-type touchscreen - pulling up results from various provinces. When might we get a really solid indication of who the next president of Afghanistan will be?","You're right. It is going to take some time here. We should start to get some basic, preliminary results in the coming days. But the actual count won't be completed until April 20. But once that's released, there's going to be several weeks of challenges, and a period where another body evaluates fraud and complaints and challenges from candidates. And May 14th is when the final, certified results of today's vote will actually be released. And most analysts are convinced that there's no chance any of the candidates will get more than 50 percent of the vote today, which means the top two candidates will go to a runoff, probably to be held sometime in June; meaning, we're looking at sometime late summer, early fall, actually, before we know who the next president of Afghanistan's going to be.","NPR's Sean Carberry in Kabul. Thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"pulling in the CNN-type touchscreen\" is not meant literally but figuratively. The speaker is referring to someone who can quickly access and display information from different sources, like a touchscreen on a news program.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue suggests that the speaker is referring to someone who can quickly access and display information from different sources, like a touchscreen on a news program?","answer":"Touchscreen"}
{"text":["Several of them. I mean, Espanola had only 14 individuals left in the 1960s, and then it was 12 females and two males. A third male was found in the San Diego Zoo and brought back to Galapagos (unintelligible) 1975. And there have now been about 2,000 young tortoises released back to that island through the reproduction program at the tortoise center here on Santa Cruz.","The same holds true for several of the other populations. I would say many of the populations are out of danger. But we're still, given the exploitation from the 1800s, the total tortoise population of Galapagos is still about 10 to 20 percent of the original population. So we have a long way to go to bring them back to the original populations.","A couple of questions tweeted and asked by listeners of the same ilk, saying: Would it be possible to clone him?","OK, this is an interesting thing, and we are trying to save some of Lonesome George's tissues, cells. Cloning in reptiles has really not been developed at all, and we're doing - a few mammals seem to be doing OK, but in general the technology, the methodology to actually clone reptiles is decades away.","So hopefully they will be able to maintain cells as in cryogenics, and who knows in the future, but at the moment, it would be impossible."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"maintain cells as in cryogenics\" - This implies the possibility of preserving cells through cryogenic freezing for future use, rather than just storing them for research purposes.","questions":"How can cells be preserved for future use?","answer":"Cryogenics"}
{"text":["Yeah, it's still very present. I don't think it's still very accurate. I think what this proves is that 5 billion songs is $5 billion, and so they are still saying that global music sales have dropped 8percent to about 19. 4 billion, according to the phonographic industry.","So they are seeing some sales still decline, but you're seeing digital music rise, so I think these music labels are needed to get with the program and get over this fear of piracy, and - and look at this say, you know what?Five billion songs, that's a lot of music that anyone could be buying. I mean, that's just - you know, at the end of the day, that's a lot of music to be purchased.","Mario, thanks so much.","Thank you, Farai.","Mario Armstrong is News & Notes regular technology contributor, and he joined us from the studios of the Baltimore Sun."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Music labels should adapt to digital music rise.","questions":"How do the music labels need to adapt?","answer":"Adapt"}
{"text":["You know, we have everything we need to handle those challenges, to meet them. But it's the feedback that I've gotten from readers over the years that has just made me humble and really grateful that I have something to share.","One of the things that struck a chord with me in the book is when you talk about not being in the moment and always wanting to be more than, different than, and how we can slip into that mindset. Tell me a little bit more about that.","Farai, I missed so much of my life, particularly as a young mother. You know, when my daughter was born, I wanted her not to be an infant, but to be a toddler, and when she was a toddler, I wanted her to be able to button her own clothes and get herself dressed and help me get her out the door.","And when she was probably around 10 or 11, I wanted her to be 13, 14. And then I wanted her to be out of high school and in college. And when I looked back on that exquisite journey, I realize that I missed so many moments, so many precious moments because I wasn't present. My mind was always far down the road."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker realizes the value of being present in the moment and the importance of not missing out on important experiences.","questions":"How does the speaker reflect on her journey as a mother?","answer":"Missed"}
{"text":["Condemnation continues of President Trump's profane language about several foreign countries, using an especially crude word. And a warning - you're about to hear that word. At a bipartisan meeting with legislators on Thursday, the president asked why the United States would want immigrants from, quote, \"shithole countries. \"Until last week, roughly 200,000 Salvadorans in the U. S.  held temporary protected status. That was put in place after the devastating earthquakes hit that country in 2001. But the White House says it'll end those protections and give Salvadorans until September 2019 to return to El Salvador or face deportation.","Carlos Dada is the founder of El Faro, a news site based in San Salvador, and joins us from there. Carlos, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me, Scott.","What's the reaction in El Salvador been to the president's comments and, for that matter, your personal reaction?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone ","questions":"What does \"having me\" imply in turn 2?","answer":"Engaging"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely, absolutely. And I think that before Manny was traded, you say that C. C. was the hands-on favorite, but man, I think the impact that Manny has made on what was a moribund Dodgers team is sensational. I think if the voting was held right now and was fair, I think Manny Ramirez would be the MVP of the National League. What he's done there is incredible.","But it's not going to happen, is it?","Well, if there's justice in the world, and as you and I know there is justice in the world, I think it could happen. I mean, look at what he's done. I mean, he's made - he's helped them make shambles out of that race just because of him. C. C. 's done an excellent job, but Milwaukee is fading. Los Angeles is just becoming strong, and then there's the whole irony of Manny hooking up with his former archrival Joe Torre. And just the idea of these two guys grinding an axe against their former teams, which used to be archrivals, I just think the drama is just too - it's just too delicious. That's why I really think it should be Manny.","All right, let's end this with this connection. Since you've talked about Manny, then you talked about Joe Torre, formerly of the New York Yankees, now let's talk about Yankees stadium, which closes it's doors, last game ever in Yankee Stadium this Sunday. I know that you live close to the ballpark. Are you sad, Mr.  New Yorker?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A implies that justice would be served if Manny were to be voted MVP due to his outstanding performance.","questions":"What is PersonA's justification for why Manny Ramirez should be the MVP of the National League?","answer":"Outstanding"}
{"text":["The billionaire financier Jeffrey Epstein has been taken into federal custody related to sex trafficking. According to The Daily Beast, who first reported this story, Epstein was arrested yesterday and will appear in court tomorrow to be charged in connection with sex trafficking minors. This comes more than a decade after accusations first surfaced that Epstein had paid dozens of young girls for sex. But he avoided federal criminal charges and significant prison time in a plea deal that continues to draw criticism for its lenient terms. For more on this, we called Pervaiz Shallwani, one of the Daily Beast reporters who broke this story. And he's with us now.","Thank you so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me.","And I'm just going to start by saying that the details may be disturbing to some listeners because this does involve accusations about the treatment of young girls. So, having said that, Pervaiz, as briefly as you can, what are the allegations that first surfaced against Epstein in 2007 and 2008?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is expressing his appreciation and gratitude for the guest taking the time to be on the show.","questions":"How did PersonB welcome PersonA to the show?","answer":"Thank"}
{"text":["One of the roles that he may well play is kind of smoothing out the relations between President-elect Obama and his secretary of state to be, Hillary Clinton. The two were once rivals. Can you give an example of how he might go about in mediating, making sure that everything runs smoothly?","Well, I don't think you're going to have to ask that. Senator Hillary Clinton is a real pro. She's a great American. And she will know and understand her role. I just have no qualms about their needing any mediation whatsoever, and I don't think Jim Jones or anyone else will have to do it.","Can you give an example, politics aside, business aside, maybe of a time that you two shared together that just gave you a sense of what he was like?","We made a trip, as I recall, to the Balkans a good number of years ago when he was a one star general, and just sitting with and listening to him tell about the intricacies of situations there. He has a good handle on the problems that that faces."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : SENATOR HILARY CLINTON KNEW HER ROLE  VERY WELL AND TOO A GREAT AMERICAN","questions":"Which Senator was described as a great American?","answer":"Hillary"}
{"text":["Thank you.","Why do you think more teens are identifying as transgender or gender nonconforming?","Well, I think there's been a long history of advocacy and fighting for that visibility. And there's more media attention and celebrities coming out. That has increased visibility. And with more schools having more GSAs and clubs, it gives youth a chance to feel like they can talk about their gender exploration and live more like their authentic self.","To what extent do you see this study as a reflection of teens feeling more comfortable in diverse gender identities versus teens sort of experimenting with their identities and how they describe themselves?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A believes that media attention, celebrities, and advocacy efforts have contributed to more teens feeling comfortable in identifying as transgender or gender nonconforming.","questions":"How has media attention contributed to more teens identifying as transgender or gender nonconforming?","answer":"Visibility"}
{"text":["Well, this ongoing and developing saga between singers Chris Brown and Rihanna. The president's proposed stimulus package is getting kicked around online as well. This is from the blog Political Season. He writes: Half of America is very weary of the bailout, and the other half loathes it, and nobody understands the logic going into it. Is it just me or would it have made a whole lot more sense for there to have been some public disclosure so that people understood the urgency and the emergency involved?","And this is from the blog Cob(ph): Like the woman who was pregnant when she voted for Obama because she thought he'd change America's health-care system in time for her baby, a lot of people are going to be disappointed to find that the stimulus plan is not going to be as broad and timely as the economy will be wiping out jobs.","And after today's developments, they are probably going to be even more confused in terms of what's about to happen. What can people find out on our Web site this week, Geoffrey?","Well, we've got two recent in-studio performances, one from Maisha, another one from Asha. They're both female singers who go by one name."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : kicked around means people are talking about it quite frequently","questions":"Which word describes the frequency of the discussion about the stimulus package?","answer":"Half"}
{"text":["The FBI does criminal investigations better than anybody. But again, at some point in time, if you've got a stovepipe there, where the two agencies aren't talking to each other, either in Washington or on the ground you've got a real problem. And there's not an excuse for it, 13, well, 12 years now after 9\/11. You know, this is - supposedly should not be rocket science but somehow it becomes that.","And to solve it, is this executive order or is this something Congress has to get involved with?","Well, this is where, you know, the interagency problem gets to be really challenging because, you know, if you look at the Constitution, every head of agency, you know, if the guy on the ground goes all the way up to his head of agency, they only report to the president. So obviously it's got to be something that the executive authority does, and he has got to delegate that authority if he is not willing to sit there and handle every crisis that comes down the pike. He has got to delegate it to somebody on the ground who can say do this thing. I don't care, you know, I don't want you talking to your agency back home. You're working for me, do it. And. . .","Gary Anderson?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : the implied meaning of stovepipe is that there's a lack of communication between the departments.","questions":"Which term describes a lack of communication between departments?","answer":"Lack"}
{"text":["You know, I always love - to me, there are two parts of the Olympic competition, A, the Opening Ceremonies and the 100-meter and the 200-meter dash in - men's and women's. That, to me, that's the Olympics, and I think that's going to be fascinating. It's just going to be fascinating. And there's always - there's always someone - there's always someone who comes out of the blue, and I don't think it'll be someone from China, but you just can't tell. They have been waiting for this for a long time, Tony. It's kind of what we did to the world in 1984, when we just ambushed everybody. So, I think it's - I think the competition is going to be phenomenal.","I can't let you get away from here, Bill Rhoden, without talking about - guess who - Brett Favre.","He's coming to your town.","Eh. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Brett Favre is a hot topic and cannot be ignored.","questions":"How is Brett Favre related to the conversation between PersonA and B?","answer":"Notmentioned"}
{"text":["Did you say oversized slingshots?","Yes, that's right. It's one of the more unusual things I've seen in the conflict. They are literally just giant slingshots that are being used to throw these pipe bombs further than they would be able to reach normally.","On the government side, I gather you've seen an escalation in the air war on that side too.","That's correct. Really when we first saw helicopters being used in April, they were being used very rarely. And later on in June, they started using large high-explosive fragmentation bombs that were being dropped quiet frequently. Moving into August, jets started appearing in the skies with larger quantities of bombs. Following that in mid-October is when we started seeing the cluster bombs being used to cross Syria."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker is describing the use of oversized slingshots in a conflict to throw pipe bombs farther than they would normally be able to reach. The literal meaning is a description of the physical objects and their use, but the implied meaning is the unusual and desperate measures taken in a violent conflict.","questions":"How are pipe bombs being thrown farther in the conflict?","answer":"Slingshots"}
{"text":["That poem is called \"A Flower Song For Maidens Coming Of Age. \"It was written in 1440 before European contact in Mexico. And it's from a collection of Mayan poems - extraordinary. Tell me about why this poem resonated for you. It describes a moon ceremony.","It was such an important revelation to have come across this poem. I cried. I cried for two days - the whole week because, as you know, colonization basically eradicated all of our written documentation in the Americas. All of our traditions have been passed down through word of mouth. But to have written documentation that women have been honoring the moon and celebrating their bodies and their transitions, their milestones in this way, I really felt like my ancestors were watching over.","And you wrote in the afterword to this book that you really wanted young women to find their own way to connect with their roots. Why?","Well, I think it's important for any person, really, but young girls in particular who come from marginalized communities to find their - not only their roots but the meaning and the legacy of wisdom and power that comes from those traditions. And Celi, because she's bicultural and multiracial, she has all of these beautiful intersections happening that I really tried to play up in the novel because I wanted children that are just like Celi, who are multiracial and bicultural, to see themselves and their hybridity in all of its beauty and all of its power."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People do not have roots but they do have places where they began something or where family is.","questions":"How does PersonA emphasize the importance of connecting with one's roots?","answer":"legacy"}
{"text":["We got hit pretty hard with the recession. And when people aren't making money, they're not spending money.","And they're certainly not eating ice cream.","And they're not eating ice cream. So the more people make, the more they come down here and vacation from all over the world - general improving in the economy. I think there's a lot of confidence in the new administration that's in there. It seems like it's pro-small business, you know?There's a window manufacturer right next to where we're at, and they are swamped right now. And they say the same thing. It's, you know, people are confident. They're not holding onto their money. They're investing it in the economy.","May I ask you, did you vote for President Trump?","I didn't vote Democrat or Republican because I just - I'd had enough of the spatting back and forth. I'm prior military, so I support our president no matter who it is. But I didn't like the personalities of it, so I didn't vote for either one of those two.","Some of the owners that were surveyed were saying that there were some concerns - cost of health insurance, lack of qualified workers. Well, what are the things that you're concerned about right now that may hold back your business?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Eating ice cream is a luxury item that people can't afford during a recession.","questions":"How did the recession affect people's consumption of ice cream?","answer":"Ice-cream"}
{"text":["Duane, why don't you describe to us some of the work that you did with actual cases when you were at the California Department of Justice?I mean, what was your job, literally and physically?","Literally, I went to the scene of the crime. I was often the one who collected all the evidence. I also did photography of the crime scene. I did not do fingerprints. There was usually a technician who did that. Back at the laboratory, I would take all that evidence that I collected and inventoried, and I would begin a systematic investigation of that.","As an example, one case in the middle of my career was a triple homicide, and it was a great case from the physical-evidence standpoint. There was bullets. There was blood. There was saliva on cigarette butts. There was hair. There was soil. And I got to basically do it all. And what was really interesting is I presented all these evidence to the jury, laid out a scenario for the crime.","And during the time I was testifying, the defendant called his girlfriend and confessed the crime to her, and then threatened her with death if she ever talked. Well, five minutes later, she called the DA and told the DA about the confession. And she came in to testify at that point, and what she testified to was basically what I had testified to from the physical-evidence standpoint."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning. They are all meant to be taken at face value as a straightforward question and answer about the speaker's job and experience with criminal investigations.","questions":"How was the statement in turn 0 meant to be taken?","answer":"Literally"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","And I said - I said, yeah, buddy, I'm everywhere.","He was a longtime customer of mine who hadn't realized that I had left the shop.","Well, what was the path from you looking into the hoods of cars to under the - into the insides of people?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He jokes to the person that he can be seen and found everywhere all the time.","questions":"What did PersonA say to the person in response to the statement made by B?","answer":"Buddy"}
{"text":["My gosh, no, no, no. I mean, you know, Rip Van Winkle goes to sleep for 20 years and doesn't look at his statements, and when he wakes up, his money is worth half of what he started with. And when he went to sleep, he was 40 years old. Now, he's 60. What the heck does Rip Van Winkle do?You know, Rip Van Winkle doesn't have enough life left to get back his money.","So, let me ask you this. I'm going to open my statement now, and what should I do with it?","If you're retired and you are living on your investments, you have no business in the stock market right now, none, zero. If you are not retired, you are contributing money to your investment portfolios, you're actively adding money, and you have the stomach for losses, then you can buy. When you look at GE at $8. 55 a share, when you look at Dow Chemical at seven bucks, the juices do get flowing. You can say to yourself, gosh, I'd really like to own these on the bet that 10, 15 years from now, they'll be higher. But you have to understand that they could all be cut in half before they go higher.","Paul Krsek is managing director and chief investment officer of 5T Wealth Management based in Napa Valley, California. Paul, thank you. It's always great to talk to you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A implies that Rip Van Winkle's investment is not worth as much after sleeping for 20 years. 2. A implies that it's not a good idea for retirees to invest in the stock market but younger people can do so if they are willing to take risks.","questions":"Which character's investment advice varies based on their retirement status and willingness to take risks?","answer":"Retirees"}
{"text":["Now, there are a handful of things we know about the narrator of your book, Alice Hare. She's a philosophy graduate. She's adopted. She has complicated relationships with her adoptive and her birth relations. And she is obsessed with a slightly older woman, a Japanese writer called Mizuko Himura. So could you sort of pick it up from there?","I think you're totally right in saying that she is completely obsessed with this older woman. And I think part of the reason why that happens is because her own story is very dim. And in place of any sort of certainty about who she is or where she comes from or what her own origin story might be, she starts to fixate on this woman who, for her, is this mixture of some parallels that she perceives between them, but equally quite a lot, I think, of wishful thinking and this sort of imaginary bond she assumes them to share.","Now, Alice's relationship to Mizuko in real life is a creation, right?I mean, she's done all this research. She's googled all over the place.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Alice has done a lot of research, but the actual meaning is that she has done a lot of research to build a relationship with Mizuko in her imagination. ","questions":"What is the actual reason for Alice's research about Mizuko?","answer":"Imaginary"}
{"text":["We're coming over the initial shock. It's a very strange situation to live in one of the wealthiest countries in the world. And we have been living in more luxury than almost any other nation on this planet, and now all of a sudden we find ourselves almost like beggars.","You talk about the swift difference between being so wealthy to now being in a totally different place. Is this what everyone - is the average person going through something like this?Or is this just a select few that went from being so wealthy to so not wealthy?","The general public here has been very, very well off. But now people that are starting to lose their jobs - hundreds of people that used to work in the banks have been losing their jobs recently. We know that a lot of companies are going to become bankrupt. We had almost no unemployment in the past years. We've been importing workers from Eastern Europe because we didn't have enough people to work in our companies.","So, how are people coping with this?Are they selling off their belongings?What are they doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker explains that even though the general public has been well off, many people are starting to lose their jobs and companies are becoming bankrupt, leading to an increase in unemployment.","questions":"What is the reason behind the increase in unemployment?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Well, we've seen - it's become more difficult under the Trump administration for members of the military to get citizenship. It's been more difficult for them to get paperwork filed for their family members. It's more difficult for them to prevent the deportation of their family members.","Well, how are they making it more difficult?What examples do you have?","During the Obama administration, Janet Napolitano had created a program called basic training naturalization. It allowed the troops to get their citizenship really quickly. And the Trump administration has eliminated that program. They've also made it harder for the troops to file applications for citizenship. And it's taking much longer for them to make a decision on those applications. Recently they also announced they were going to close some of the international USCIS offices that process people for citizenship overseas, which will make it even more difficult for military members.","Now, I understand that you were one of the people who started a program to recruit people who aren't U. S.  citizens into the U. S.  military. That program was known as MAVNI - Military Accessions Vital to the National Interest. The program has effectively been suspended - right?- but it already started slowing down during the Obama administration. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Military members are facing challenges getting citizenship under Trump administration","questions":"Which administration is responsible for eliminating the program called basic training naturalization for troops to get their citizenship quickly?","answer":"citizenship"}
{"text":["Well, some of their problems - they're doing very badly in the polls - is due to the personality of the Democratic Party leader, Matteo Renzi. He has a very sharp Tuscan wit, which, to non-Tuscans, makes him sound like an obnoxious smart aleck. And he's deeply disliked within his own party. Several members of the leftist old guard accused Renzi of being too centrist. They broke away, and that strongly weakened the party.","Under the party leadership, Italy's economy came out of a very devastating recession. And it has grown in the last five years, not as fast as its European partners. But it's done much better. And the party also passed a landmark civil rights legislation with a civil unions law for same-sex couples, despite the strong influence of the Catholic Church in politics. But, you know, the party's push for structural reforms was strongly resisted by both the right and the left. Italians are essentially conservative. They don't like change. But the populists are really pushing a vision of the past. And they're strongly skeptical of the European Union. And if they came to power, that could further destabilize the EU at a time when the bloc is already dealing with Britain's exit and growing authoritarianism in member states like Poland and Hungary.","Sylvia, thanks very much.","Thank you, Renee."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Matteo Renzi's sharp wit is perceived as obnoxious by non-Tuscans","questions":"Which Italian party leader's personality is causing problems in the polls?","answer":"Matteo"}
{"text":["So right now, there are multiple congressional committees investigating this issue. We've got them on the House side. We've got a couple on the Senate side. I guess I want to know why is there a need for multiple investigations, and how do these congressional investigations differ at their core from what Special Counsel Robert Mueller is conducting?","Well, Senate Intelligence looks at intelligence matters primarily. Senate Judiciary looks at matters that fall under the broad scope of the Judiciary Committee. All these congressional investigations differ very much in function from what the Special Counsel Mueller does. Mueller works in secret and long, long deep studies of things like finances. And he doesn't bring his results public. If he finds something that's really important, he won't let you know until it's time to indict somebody. Whereas, the congressional committees when classification allows them to be in the open, they live for open hearings. They want people to know what they found.","And what about compelling witnesses to testify?The subpoena, is that a last resort thing or is it just a negotiating device?","Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The congressional committees are trying to gain public attention and support for their investigations, while Mueller is working in the shadows and his findings will only be revealed when it is time to take legal action.","questions":"What is the difference between how the congressional committees and Mueller handle their findings?","answer":"Difference"}
{"text":["That's British Columbia, the northwest of Canada, right?","Yes. Absolutely, I'm sorry. So then another vehicle that they'd been driving was last seen on July 22. So the manhunt - they already had a few days on everybody. And they were last seen in this community in northern Manitoba. The police, the RCMP poured extensive resources, as you say, but they were not able to be located.","And some other reported sightings - there was a report that may be some men matching the description had been seen at this very isolated dump in a community way up north. Those have not been able to be substantiated. The latest tip is that they've been seen in an area called Kapuskasing in Ontario. But, again, that's still unsubstantiated at this time.","But probably each time a community is mentioned or something, I mean, people must freak out. It's pretty terrifying."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is more than one British Columbia besides the one in Canada","questions":"How many British Columbia are there?","answer":"One"}
{"text":["At this point now, those are the two sectors that are continuing to grow, that are continuing to be job engines. And the reason why I stress this is that historically, sectors which grow in downturns are the ones that set the pace for the recovery that comes afterwards. So, if I'm looking out ahead, I would sort of say the fact that these sectors have continued to grow is going to set the pattern for the coming upturn. So, you asked me about other parts of the sector economy that are doing well. It is very difficult to find other parts of the economy. My guess is that the next part that's going to recover is technology, but right now that part is still paddling hard.","OK, we don't want to hear any bad news right now. So\u2026","No bad news. But\u2026","We must end it on an up note."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Sectors that grown when the economy is failing do better when the economy begins to improve.  The techology sector as a whole is trying hard to make money.","questions":"What sector is predicted to recover after the two continuing growing sectors?","answer":"Technology"}
{"text":["First was a story of tremendous heartbreak, tremendous disappointment of people who had, in many cases, been displaced for many years during the country's long civil war, who had returned home to South Sudan only to find a few years later that they were being displaced again. That feeling of being uprooted when they had expected to be settled once and for all back home was really palpable and really so tragic and heartbreaking to see.","But at the same time, I also saw a story of incredible resilience and strength, people who after having walked in many cases for days or weeks to arrive in Uganda were setting about constructing their own homes, beginning to plant the small fields that are allocated around their homes. It's just, I think, an incredible testament to the resilience of the South Sudanese people.","When we think of refugee crises, of course, we often envision refugee camps, but tell us about the plots of land that refugees receive in Uganda.","Well, unlike a lot of the refugee camps around the world, where where my organization, Oxfam, works, people in Uganda and the refugee settlement model they have are actually spread out in agricultural settlements, where they are granted in the case of Uganda plots of land 30 by 30 meters or 50 by 50 meters. And that's so they can plant some of the crops that they are accustomed to from home, things like corn, beans."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Ugandan refugee settlement model provides refugees with an opportunity to live a self-sufficient life, with the ability to grow their own food and perhaps even build a livelihood.","questions":"What kind of settlement model is used for refugees in Uganda?","answer":"Corn,Beans"}
{"text":["Sampson Davis - make that Dr.  Sampson Davis - has a lot of his life tied up in Newark, New Jersey. And Newark and a lot of other inner cities have a lot tied up in him. Dr.  Davis wrote a previous book, \"The Pact,\" about an agreement he made with two high school friends to become doctors. They did. And in a new book, he describes his experience in returning to be an emergency room physician in the Beth Israel Hospital in Newark - in which he was born - in a way that shines light on the particular needs of health care in inner-city America. Sampson Davis' new book is \"Living and Dying in Brick City: An E. R. Doctor Returns Home. \"Dr.  Sampson Davis joins us from the studios of WBGO in Newark. Thanks so much for being with us.","DR.  SAMPSON DAVIS: Oh, thank you for having me.","You know, a lot of people, with the blessings of their friends and family, would have gotten out of inner-city Newark, gone to medical school and then become a plastic surgeon in Beverly Hills. What made you come back?","You know, for me, my calling was a bit different. It was important for me to come back and to become a beacon of hope, if you will, to show young people especially that education can change a life. And it changed my life and it saved my life in so many ways."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker asks Dr. Sampson Davis why he chose to come back to inner-city Newark and become an emergency room physician, even though he could have pursued a more lucrative career elsewhere. The question implies that many people would have left the inner city if they had the opportunity to do so, but Dr. Davis made a different choice.","questions":"Which career path did Dr. Sampson Davis choose in inner-city Newark?","answer":"Physician"}
{"text":["I think you maybe missed your calling as a cybercriminal, Scott. Criminals are always looking to, what is the formula that makes paying the ransom worth it to the person who I'm attacking?So I'm absolutely certain that you're right that you will see an uptick in at least attempts to do this in other cities.","Cities have computer experts, right?Shouldn't they be avoiding these attacks somehow?","I think it's a pretty sensitive issue. In the case of Baltimore, the mayor came out and publicly blamed the National Security Agency for having lost some exploits several years ago that had resulted in the attack that they sustained. But at the same time, there had been a patch available that the city hadn't put in place.","You know, nationwide, there was an enormous lack of people with cybersecurity skills. City governments aren't known for their enormously high salaries. So I think you'll see the competition at tech firms, at big banks making it very hard for these cities to have enough people in place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : missed your calling  implies not to follow one's talent or gift in destiny ","questions":"Which word describes what Scott might have done instead of becoming a cybercriminal?","answer":"Gift"}
{"text":["We all do need advice. And, obviously, you're so vulnerable when you have a kid. You're scared. You don't know what to do. So what is this stuff based on?","You know, it's based on people's experiences. But some of it is actually really based on old, old advice. So if you look at the history of parenting books, you can see that advice is kind of recycled over and over again, tweaked a little bit for the fashion of the time. So, for instance, this idea that babies need to feed at a certain time - that's from the 1700s.","Oh, OK. So this is old advice that keeps on getting recycled through the ages. But is it necessarily bad advice?","No, it's not - I'm not here to say that it's bad advice. But there's a big hole in these parenting books and from the experts. And that's that this advice is almost solely based on the Western experience, the Western culture. And if you look around the world, there's so many other ways to do things."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : What is missing from the books is that the advice is for western culture. Advice for others is not included ","questions":"Which culture's parenting experience is not included in the books?","answer":"Others"}
{"text":["Yes. Certain pigments, for instance, fade. Certain pigments can become lighter or darker. You have to see it a little bit like in a hospital. You know, a patient goes in with a problem. There's a lot of different kinds of research done in order to make the proper diagnosis. And then there's a sort of a treatment plan presented. And then the actual operation may not be that extensive. I mean, that is actually the goal - to do as little as possible with the largest effect.","Operation Night Watch is going to be free for the public to see.","To follow, yeah - to follow.","Because there's going to be this glass chamber, people can follow along."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The public can view Operation Night Watch for free.","questions":"How much does it cost to view Operation Night Watch?","answer":"Free"}
{"text":["It's interesting, these papers that you brought with you, or sent to us, about how - these are the tricks that people use, and they can actually test out whether they work or not.","Yeah. These are things that a lot of good cooks probably know, whether they realized they know them or not. But exactly what these things are are a little fuzzy because everybody's a little different. There are some scientists in England and there are other groups, especially in the Netherlands, that have been running tests for years, and they tend to sound kind of bizarre. They'll prepare some food. They'll give it to different people to eat. And later, the people will realize that something else was changing while they were eating it, something in the atmosphere.","Mm-hmm. And they - in one test, they gave people some ice cream that tasted like bacon?","Yeah. This is - Charles Spence is the main scientist. He's at the University of Oxford. He teamed up with one of the famous chefs in England, and they made something which sounds really crazy, bacon and egg ice cream, which I'm told is really pretty good, tastes like bacon and eggs. And they served bacon and egg ice cream to a bunch of people. And they had them do some sort of rating about how bacony does it taste, or how eggy does it taste?And they would play sounds. And whenever they would play the sound of frying bacon, you know, that crackling sound, people would consistently say that the thing tasted a lot more bacony to them. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : When they say things are a little fuzzy they mean things are unclear.","questions":"How do they describe the things they're discussing?","answer":"Unclear"}
{"text":["He used to love football because at the end of the year, we left him a gift. And it was a T-shirt, a real T-shirt of the Euro 2016 of France with his name behind the T-shirt and the number 41 on the top because we were 41 students in his class.","Heda says that she and her classmates have been talking and sharing thoughts with each other on Facebook and remembering their teacher.","I will never forget him, and he was the best ever teacher I ever had before. And I am so powerless with all this and I really want to be thankful for everything he did for us, for the class and also for me.","That's Laurence Heda, a student of Michael Pellegrini, who was killed, along with his mother and his grandparents in the Nice attack."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Laurence Heda was a student of Michael Pellegrini, who sadly died in the Nice attack, along with his mother and grandparents.","questions":"Which attack did Michael Pellegrini and his family die in?","answer":"Nice"}
{"text":["Thursday is our day to look at the world of sports, and the world is, indeed, looking at sports this week by way of the Olympics in Beijing. But what are the prospects for American athletes?Here to help us with that is New York Times sports columnist, Bill Rhoden. Hey, Bill.","Mr.  WILLIAM C.  RHODEN (Sports Columnist, New York Times; Author, \"Forty Million Dollar Slaves: The Rise, Fall, and Redemption of the Black Athlete\"): The great Tony Cox, how're you doing, man?","I'm doing great. You know what?Here's my question to you about the Olympics. You know, we know that Yao Ming carried the Olympic torch through the gates of the Forbidden City. We know that Michael Phelps, Allyson Felix, are some big stars. We are hoping for things from them. We're hoping for things from the U. S. A.  men's basketball team. Here's my question. Is America really interested in the Olympics?Are people going to watch?","Well, there's always - and just as a caveat, I mean, the Olympics were always sort of my favorite sporting event, because I do think it's - you know, you've got people who've just trained for this one moment for four years. So, that's great. But you know, having covered about four or five of them, you know, sometimes you're over there and you're like, is anybody reading this stuff, you know?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite potential lack of interest, the Olympics are still a significant event.","questions":"How does PersonA feel about the Olympics?","answer":"Favorite."}
{"text":["But so. . . .","So I tried to do it. And, you know, I had like - I had some - added some, like, champagne yeast or something, this grape juice that I got. And it fermented, and it was alcoholic. But I - and I bottled it to carbonate. I'm looking at it, lightly shaking it, looking for, like, little bubbles. This was early and - in fermentation days. And I'm like, man, I think it's a dud; I don't think it worked, you know?And I go - I just literally went to go flip it. And as soon as I touched it, ba-ba-boom (ph). The whole thing, it turned into like - into sand. You know, it just, like, misted. There was red faux lambrusco on the ceiling, on the floor, a little microcut on my face from the glass. Chris was shellshocked - took him two days to talk.","It seriously turned to sand?That's what will happen?","Well, no. But, I mean, it just like - there was not - it, like, vaporized.","It vaporized."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B: \"It seriously turned to sand? That's what will happen?\" The literal meaning of B's question suggests that A's beverage actually transformed into sand. However, B is using a figurative expression to emphasize the unexpected and surprising outcome of A's experiment. B is not asking about the literal transformation into sand, but rather expressing disbelief or astonishment.","questions":"Which word did PersonB use to express disbelief or astonishment about PersonA's experiment?","answer":"Seriously"}
{"text":["What else can you tell us about the suspected shooters?","The authorities have two suspects in custody right now, one 18-year-old man and another juvenile suspect. The 18-year-old was identified as Devon Erickson. He appeared in court earlier today wearing a red prison jumpsuit. He has shoulder-length hair dyed black and purple. The DA is asking for no bond to be set on him right now, but a hearing to file criminal charges against him is set for this Friday afternoon. The other alleged shooter is a 17-year-old person who was also in court today. Parents of the student who died, Kendrick Castillo - they were present at the hearing today as well.","Have authorities said anything about - of the motive behind the shooting?","Right now they're still investigating, and they haven't said whether there was a clear motive or not."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B is asking for more information about the suspects","questions":"How was Devon Erickson dressed when he appeared in court?","answer":"Red"}
{"text":["There is a famous case called the Kenneth Parks case in which he zones out and kills his father-in-law and almost kills his mother-in-law. After looking into his history, we find that he had a history of sleepwalking. And the case is referred to as homicidal somnambulism, meaning homicide while sleepwalking.","The Miami Herald profiled you this past week, which is where we heard about your class. And you had some advice for those of us fearing the coming zombie apocalypse. And I count myself among them. So how should we survive?","(Laughter) OK. So if a zombie apocalypse hits, you'll need food and water, shelter and, of course, ammunition to fight off the zombie attack. And the place that I can think of that would have plenty of it and a lot of space for you to move around is Walmart. So I often tell people, go to Walmart. Hunker down. And fight it out for as long as you can.","Eric Smaw, a professor of philosophy at Rollins College in Florida. Happy Halloween. And thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He is just trying to get people to laugh around Halloween by telling a joke.","questions":"What is the purpose of the joke told by the professor?","answer":"Halloween"}
{"text":["Well, we don't have a clear answer on that. That's not something that either side is answering in black and white. But the unusual nature of this information sharing certainly raises that question again with Manafort. And Manafort of course does face the possibility of spending the rest of his life in prison with the conviction in Virginia and then the plea deal in Washington. And the president certainly didn't do anything this week to try to head off talk of a possible pardon.","No, he - in fact, he said that's still on the table. Why should I take it off the table, right?","Exactly. exactly.","And a March 5 sentencing date for Paul Manafort, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Why should I take it off the table, right?\" - The literal meaning is that the president is questioning why he should remove the possibility of a pardon from consideration. The actual meaning could be that the president is still considering a pardon for Manafort.","questions":"Which possibility is the president still considering for Manafort?","answer":"Pardon"}
{"text":["What happens to a city when a whole bunch of its residents get really rich really quickly?A lot of people in San Francisco are worried about that right now. The city's in the middle of a tech IPO boom. Lyft and Pinterest went public earlier this year. Stock in Uber begins trading tomorrow. Other big names plan to follow. And that means thousands of new millionaires in a city that's already one of the least affordable in the country. This week, Gordon Mar, who serves on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, proposed a new payroll tax targeting IPOs. He says the tech boom of the past decade has been good for San Francisco, but there are downsides.","We've seen growing traffic congestion and gridlock on our streets due to the huge influx of new workers here in our city. We've seen a growing housing crisis, housing affordability crisis, to the point where the median rent right now for a one-bedroom apartment is $3,500 a month.","Unbelievable.","Yeah. And then sort of related to this, our homelessness crisis - tens of thousands of our community members continue to live unsheltered on the streets due just to the growing economic divide here in our city."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Unbelievable\" is an interjection commonly used to express surprise or disbelief. In this context, it is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as an expression of shock or disbelief in response to the high rent prices mentioned in turn 2.","questions":"How is \"unbelievable\" used in turn 2?","answer":"Surprise"}
{"text":["I should remind Americans that, in Britain, the prime minister normally controls the agenda in Parliament. He was blocked yesterday. What was it like to be on the floor for yesterday's vote?","Well, it was exciting. I mean, the chamber the House of Commons - I often take Americans around it. It's very different from Congress or the Senate. It's very confrontational. There are seats facing opposite each other, so you get to shout at each other. But, of course, in this instance, the fight was between people sitting on the same benches. So you kind of shout across at each other. It's also a very small chamber, a very intimate chamber. So in that sense, it adds to the drama.","Well, Prime Minister Johnson said he would expel you rebels from the Conservative Party. Did that happen overnight?Are you no longer a member of the Conservative Party?","Yeah. He's been true to his word. I have lost what we call the whip. So we're not members of the Conservative Parliamentary Party, we're independent MPs, which has been forced on us rather than a choice made by us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Being expelled from the Conservative Party was not their choice","questions":"Which party did PersonA lose their membership from?","answer":"Conservative"}
{"text":["Well, Mr.  Market feels pretty strongly that he's seen this show before. And. . .","He's counting on something to be worked out at the last minute.","That's right. The real question is, if by Thursday there's no deal, will stock markets still be gaily rising?I think the answer is probably no.","I was struck by a phrase in Chris Arnold's piece about the dollar being the bedrock currency for much of the world. Is that jeopardized?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) \"Mr. Market feels pretty strongly that he's seen this show before.\" The literal meaning of this sentence is that Mr. Market has a strong feeling of d\u00e9j\u00e0 vu. However, the implied meaning is that Mr. Market believes the current situation or event is similar to a previous one and may have similar outcomes or patterns.","questions":"How does the statement in turn 0 relate to the question in turn 2?","answer":"Similar"}
{"text":["Well, one of the species that - or one of the challenges that's called out in this report are declines in the populations of pollinators around the world - so birds and bats and bees, quite literally. In the United States and Europe, they're declining by about 40%. In most of the rest of the world, we don't have good data to know how much they're declining. But about a half a trillion dollars a year - trillion with a T - in agricultural products depend on those pollinators. So you can do things in your own backyard to make them pollinator friendly, to plant the right kind of plants and grasses and flowers that those species of bees and birds depend on and not use pesticides that harm them.","Obviously there's a clock running, though. I mean, time is short.","Everything - well, the challenge is we need to do it. We need to do it now. And we need to do sort of everything at once. One of the cheapest, most readily available and cost-effective things that we can do to both solve the biodiversity crisis and the climate crisis is, first, stop deforestation and, second, restore forests and then, third, change our agricultural practices to increase soil carbon and soil health. And the interesting thing is that can actually increase productivity to feed a hungry world and make our agriculture more resilient to climate change. So the point is there are a bunch of things where nature is actually the best solution provider to the climate crisis if we manage it right.","Andrew Deutz is the international director of government relations at The Nature Conservancy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Capitalizing the T in trillion just makes it important.","questions":"Which letter is capitalized in trillion to emphasize its significance?","answer":"T"}
{"text":["We often ignore the unevolved brain or what's sometimes called the reptilian brain. So zombies exist in the reptilian brain in the movies. And as it turns out, in the real world, humans have what we sometimes refer to as our zombie brain. And you might think about it as autopilot.","Like when you're driving the car. And you sort of zone out. And you don't even remember the way that you got to where you're going.","That's the perfect example.","And there are real-world applications for this speculation, right?Because there are murder cases where the perpetrator says that they zoned out. And there's a big debate about how conscious they were of what they were doing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People start to stop thinking of anything while driving.","questions":"How is the autopilot mode of the brain related to murder cases?","answer":"Conscious"}
{"text":["What would be the best-case scenario for you if they find which ship it is?What would you like to know?","Well, I'll be a little silly here. I'd like to see giant claw marks and tooth marks on the hull so my novel is justified. I don't know how the ship got there. Since we know from the only - one of the only two notes left - that all of the survivors that abandoned ship and were sledging down toward Canada - so who was sailing the ship?And it didn't have any masts. They store the masts below decks in sails in the winter so that tons of ice don't fall on men working on the deck. How can a few men go back and put up those masts?It's impossible.","Dan Simmons is the author of \"The Terror,\" a fictionalized account of the 1845 Franklin Arctic expedition. Thanks so much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"I'd like to see giant claw marks and tooth marks on the hull so my novel is justified.\" - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not actually hoping to see giant claw marks and tooth marks on the hull, but is rather making a lighthearted comment about how such evidence would support the storyline of their novel.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of PersonA's statement about giant claw marks and tooth marks on the hull?","answer":"Lighthearted"}
{"text":["Well - and now they'll get $25 million, right?","I guess.","NPR's Ina Jaffe, thanks so much for being with us.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of turn 3 is \"Thank you for joining us and providing information on the topic.\" ","questions":"How did PersonA respond to PersonB's gratitude in turn 2?","answer":"Guess"}
{"text":[". . . if you want to call it better than mud. And those soils actually have very little - they get - they amplify the ground motion, and they have very little resistance in terms of - when compared to bedrock. And the piling of the existing structure is about, you know, 30 meters deep. They're actually timber piles. They're 30 meters deep. And there are many, many, many of those. And that particular foundation is not made to resist the seismic motions that we're dealing with.","The other part of it is the fact that the existing eastern spans have - it's a truss structure. And by default, a truss structure has many connections, many members, unlike a suspension bridge. And thereby retrofitting those members to satisfy the new design codes would require a lot of work, overhead traffic and blocking lanes.","But if you look at your design of your new bridge, it's not - it's almost unlike anything we've seen before. . .","Well. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is not literally saying that retrofitting the truss structure would require blocking lanes and overhead traffic. They are implying that the retrofitting process would be difficult and disruptive due to the many connections and members of a truss structure.","questions":"What is the reason retrofitting the truss structure would be difficult and disruptive?","answer":"Complexity"}
{"text":["I know I could have summitted. Yes, however - yes, I wasn't willing to lose my fingers or a tip of a finger, even, for the summit of K2.","Nick, this climbing season in the Himalayas is done for you. Do you think that you would think about K2 again?","I'm actually pretty sure I will think about K2 again. It's always been a dream of mine to be up there, and it is quite painful to have gotten so close to the summit and turn around. So maybe not next year, maybe not the year after, but I can say, in my life, I will for sure come back here. There's something about this mountain that just draws us all to it.","But you know, you know now, this is the deadliest mountain in the world."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A wasn't willing to risk his fingers to summit K2","questions":"What was PersonA's reason for not wanting to summit K2?","answer":"Risk-of-injury"}
{"text":["Yes.","And so tell me about this toilet.","OK. This is a prototype that was displayed after one year of research. So eight major universities around the world were tasked with coming up with a new approach to completely handle the waste, basically, with no traditional urban infrastructure. In other words, it should operate in the absence of an electrical grid. It should operate in the absence of piped-in water, the subject of your previous conversations. And it should basically function at low cost and be available to the developing world within a three to four-year period of time.","And what is yours - what does your prototype look like?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that the toilet designed is an advance toilet that needs no piped-in water and electrical grid to function which will also be more useful for developing countries because of it low cost.","questions":"Which infrastructure was the toilet designed to operate in the absence of?","answer":"Pipedinwater"}
{"text":["This is the people we hired to.","Yeah.","We paid off.","Yeah, well, I wouldn't call it that. I mean, what they - it's so unprecedented. The way insurgencies end and the way the Sunni insurgency has ended is that it just sort of fades away, then they either come into the political process, or they go into hiding. They leave the country. They just put their weapons and go back to doing what they normally did."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The way the Sunni insurgency has ended is not as simple as just being paid off","questions":"What is the nature of the Sunni insurgency's end?","answer":"Not-simple"}
{"text":["Do the crime, do the time, that's the old line, right?But convicted perpetrators are still afforded basic human rights while serving out their debt to society. The Southern Center for Human Rights recently filed suit on behalf of a group of prisoners in Decatur, Alabama. The presiding judge describes the county jail as, quote, \"A Slave Ship. \"There, the sheriff is accused of starving his prisoners so he could pocket the profits off a lean kitchen budget. Joining us is Lisa Kung, the executive director of the Southern Center for Human Rights. Hi, Lisa.","Hi, how are you?","I'm good. So this case has just stunned people across the world. I couldn't believe it myself when I read about it. But I understand that there is a Depression-era law on the books that made this kind of profiteering legal. Tell us about the law and the details of the case.","Sure. That's right. Alabama has this arrangement where the state pays $1. 75 a day to the sheriffs - directly to the sheriffs for every person they have in his or her jail. Now, you and I know it's hard enough to come up with three meals a day for $1. 75, and what makes Alabama special is that it allows these sheriffs to take any of the money that they don't spend on food and put it straight into their own pocket."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Prisoners are not treated with basic human rights in jail despite being convicted","questions":"Which organization filed a suit against a county jail in Decatur, Alabama?","answer":"Southern"}
{"text":["Two different things.","There's gun violence and then there's hate crimes. And they intersect, but they're not the same.","And as we heard from the congressman - or the former congressman - we are already seeing reactions questioning the president, what his administration has done to combat white nationalism, if anything, if he's done anything to fuel it. The Democratic presidential candidates, others including Mayor Pete Buttigieg, Senator Amy Klobuchar, have accused the president of using hateful rhetoric. And it does come at a time where there is a rise in racial tension and white nationalist violence in this country. FBI Director Christopher Wray was on Capitol Hill less than two weeks ago in which he said they had made at least a hundred domestic terror arrests since just October. The majority of them were related to white supremacist violence. So it is coming at a time where both gun laws are an intractable debate in this country and racial tensions are at a - I don't want to say an all-time high but are certainly elevated at this very moment.","And so how does that affect the political calculus in Washington at this particular time?We are seeing Democrats obviously trying to get the nomination for the Democratic presidency and also of course Republicans running into 2020."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Fueling it means that he made the idea gain more followers.","questions":"How did the president contribute to the rise of white nationalism?","answer":"rhetoric"}
{"text":["Because they believe what the United States has done violates its WTO obligations. The United States promised, as part of a series of tariff negotiations, to limit its tariffs on steel to 0 percent duties and to limit its tariffs on aluminum to somewhere between 0 and 6 percent on average. And secondly, they're complaining because one of the other rules of the WTO is that you cannot discriminate as among WTO members. And, here, the United States is applying the steel and aluminum tariffs to some countries but not to Korea, not to Brazil, not to Australia, not to Argentina. So the other complaint is, at its core, that there's been discrimination against the EU, Canada Mexico and the other countries that are subjected to the tariffs.","Could this dispute turn into something more serious, depending on what the WTO rules?","Well, if it ruled, it would hear this complaint and figure out whether they agree or don't agree with the European Union or Canada or any of the challenges. And I think the chances that the WTO will decide against the United States are very, very strong. I mean, it's a very clear case of a violation. What will get tricky for the WTO is, what are they going to do about the defense that the United States intends to raise?","So that defense is national security, apparently?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : None . There's nothing in this that implies anything.","questions":"What are the WTO obligations that the United States violated?","answer":"Limitations"}
{"text":["If someone's going to walk into a synagogue, as they did in Tree of Life, and murder Jews at prayer, there's a good chance, you know, given gun violence in this country and who it's coming from in this particular moment, that that person's going to be a white supremacist. But that doesn't mean that I shouldn't worry about, for example, at the University of Virginia, Jewish students being prevented from joining a minority student coalition to fight white supremacy because they were smeared themselves as white supremacists for supporting the state of Israel. I'm worried about that, too.","Are you conflating people who are opposed to Israeli policy towards Palestinians with anti-Semitism?","I'm not. I myself am deeply opposed to the occupation of the Palestinian people. I believe that they have an indigenous right and claim to the land. And I'm on the record in many columns in the Times as being very opposed to various policies of the Netanyahu government, and I was cheered by the election this past week.","What I am opposed to is an ideological movement that insists that only one nation-state in the world doesn't have the right to exist, and that that nation-state is home to the largest Jewish community on planet Earth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : None . There's nothing in this that implies anything.","questions":"How does the speaker describe their stance on the occupation of Palestinian people?","answer":"Opposed"}
{"text":["So right now, there are multiple congressional committees investigating this issue. We've got them on the House side. We've got a couple on the Senate side. I guess I want to know why is there a need for multiple investigations, and how do these congressional investigations differ at their core from what Special Counsel Robert Mueller is conducting?","Well, Senate Intelligence looks at intelligence matters primarily. Senate Judiciary looks at matters that fall under the broad scope of the Judiciary Committee. All these congressional investigations differ very much in function from what the Special Counsel Mueller does. Mueller works in secret and long, long deep studies of things like finances. And he doesn't bring his results public. If he finds something that's really important, he won't let you know until it's time to indict somebody. Whereas, the congressional committees when classification allows them to be in the open, they live for open hearings. They want people to know what they found.","And what about compelling witnesses to testify?The subpoena, is that a last resort thing or is it just a negotiating device?","Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The subpoena is a powerful tool to get the truth out of witnesses and to obtain documents that may be relevant to the investigation.","questions":"Which tool is used to obtain documents in an investigation?","answer":"Subpoena"}
{"text":["That's correct. Yes, well, the last thing we've heard it was just outside of Port Fourchon, which is at the lower end of LaFourche Parish. So the winds have been picking up a bit and that's what we're getting ready for here. So far, however, we are putting stuff up on the web and we haven't stopped all night.","I hear people on the radio behind you, you must be at a sort of emergency control headquarters or something?","No, no, not us; we're just communicating with our reporters. We have reporters out in different parts of the parish, and we're trying to keep in touch with them as we can, and get what information they're getting as travel with the authorities.","What are you going to do when your internet connection goes down?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker asks how they will communicate when the internet connection fails, implying that it will fail at some point.","questions":"What does the speaker imply about the internet connection?","answer":"Imply"}
{"text":["Who works her curves fabulously.","She does.","Who actually has designed a big girl bra for Ashley Stewart, she got divorced from Lyzel who, of the song \"Lyzel in E Flat\", which is one of my favorites. But she's announced she's getting hitched again. Who's the lucky man?","A drummer in her band, like called Little John, but is not Little John. That Little John is. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The person being referred to has accomplished many things and is currently engaged.","questions":"What is the occupation of the lucky man?","answer":"Drummer"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, since the first century, it becomes sort of the core element of Christian prayer. Obviously, there's a huge amount of diversity today among different groups of Christians and in antiquity. Likewise, there is a huge amount of variation. But in the Gospel of Matthew and in the Gospel of Luke, it's used to teach Jesus's followers the right way of praying - sort of the model for prayer.","And so why is it that the pope is supportive of the change?I do want to note that it's not that he wrote it. It was approved by the - maybe he did. I don't know. But it was approved by the General Assembly of the Episcopal Conference of Italy last month, and the pope has approved it. But I do understand that he said back in 2017 that he thought the wording should be altered. Why is that?What does he think this new wording does that the old one did not?","Well, the old wording - lead us not into temptation - can imply that God has some hand in leading people into sin or allowing people to sin or tempting them. And so I think the pope is uncomfortable with that idea, which is fair enough.","And now to your view of it because you are an expert in, among other things, the Greek New Testament. So tell me your concern - or is it an objection to it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase 'lead us not into temptation' does not mean that God leads people into sin, but that we ask God to help us resist temptation.","questions":"How does the phrase 'lead us not into temptation' imply God's involvement in sin?","answer":"Imply"}
{"text":["I started the business as a hobby. I needed a break from the logical legal work that I was doing every day, and I decided as a creative outlet I'd like to start making spa products as a gift. I contacted a store in Canada, and they sent me some raw ingredients, taught me how to mix some things. I took them in to work, and people really liked them.","People often think of, say, Carol's Daughter, you know, and the spa-product industry being a woman's thing. But I also remember going down to cover Hurricane Katrina and there was a doctor, Dr.  Friedman, who - he and his sons would make soaps and things like that. What spoke to you about this business?Why did you want to do it?","I was looking for a sense of wellness, and I've always tried to take good care of myself. So, one of the things I would do is, I work very hard, but I also take good care of myself in a healthy way. So, one of the ways I do that is by going to spas. I've always been a fan of the product, and I was a great consumer of the product. So, in building my business, I knew exactly what I expected, as a high-end consumer, of the market.","Some people say, OK, spa items, beauty items, those are all things that people will cut in tough times. What have you seen in terms of the past year or so of your business?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Men can also be interested in the spa-product industry.","questions":"Which industry does the statement suggest men can also be interested in?","answer":"Spa-product"}
{"text":["So we've now been looking at harmless bacteria, so - and we've been using that as a model system. So there's, I think, two major interests. One is a biological one, a microbiological one, is understanding bacteria better. And so it turns out there's also a number of pathogens that wear these coats, and so we would really like to look at what they look like and how they're able to interact with the host. And another interest is that because they are these highly ordered structures - and really the proteins, they assemble themselves, and that's a property that material sciences are interested in. So it's those -both those aspects that are interesting.","If the bacteria have this chainmail that surrounds them, how do nutrients and things get in and out of them?","So it - there you can really compare it like a chainmail. A chainmail is also not just like the armor that we probably know. It is little rings sitting next to each other, and they have holes. The nutrients get across those holes.","And does - do - does the chainmail look the same on all different kinds of bacteria, or are there distinctive patterns on some?Could you say, oh, I recognize that one?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"another interest is that because they are these highly ordered structures - and really the proteins, they assemble themselves, and that's a property that material sciences are interested in\" - The actual meaning is that the ordered structures of the bacteria's protein coats are of interest to material sciences, not that the bacteria themselves are materials.","questions":"What aspect of the bacteria's protein coats are of interest to material sciences?","answer":"Ordered"}
{"text":["That is correct. This is a safe, sound and solid pick. And, you know, that's pretty much evidence that this was a decision made by the head and not by the heart - and maybe not entirely by Donald Trump's head alone because he likes to say he's most comfortable with decisions he makes on gut feelings.","And he's been very interested in a couple of other prospects that he feels a lot of affinity with. Newt Gingrich, as you know, Chris Christie have been very much in the running. Those are both much better known names. And they might not add much to Trump's political assets, but they would certainly be dynamic personalities on stage with him.","So the Pence choice was widely reported on Thursday and then sort of denied on Thursday night and then announced on Friday, after all, by tweet. What's going on with that?","Well, you know, it's been reported by CNN and NBC that Trump himself was undecided on this issue as late as Thursday night. Campaign chairman Paul Manafort has refused to say when the choice was really made, only to say that it was made by Donald Trump before he sent out that tweet on Friday morning."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: Although there may be variations in how people interpret it, the speaker is fairly confident that a significant number of individuals will understand that there is an underlying or implicit message conveyed through this turn. The meaning might not be immediately apparent and could require additional context, but the speaker believes that most people will recognize that there is a subtext or insinuation.","questions":"Which word describes the PersonA's confidence in the understanding of the implied message in turn 2?","answer":"Most"}
{"text":["There was a feeling over the last couple of days before I left that the military-backed ruling party was just a little taken aback by this humiliating defeat. I mean, they only won one seat and that hardliners in the party might not have taken too kindly to what happened and might want to retaliate in some way. And I think some people are afraid that some disgruntled hardliners might try to retaliate against Aung San Suu Kyi, which, of course, would be a disaster for the reform process and a disaster for the country. But so far, that hasn't happened yet, and now, they're talking about trying to reinvent themselves in the run-up to the 2015 general election.","And if last week's election results were any indication, the NLD looks like it would sweep those elections, and then what happens to the military-backed ruling party?I mean, they're out the door, and then if you - if the NLD, for example, had a majority in parliament - I know we're getting ahead of ourselves - but if they had a majority, then they could actually talk about rewriting that constitution, yeah?","And at that point, push comes to shove, no?","Push could come to shove, yes. I mean, people used to having their way for a very long time aren't usually very eager to give up what they have."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1)\tA:\tThere was a feeling over the last couple of days before I left that the military-backed ruling party was just a little taken aback by this humiliating defeat.I mean, they only won one seat and that hardliners in the party might not have taken too kindly to what happened and might want to retaliate in some way.And I think some people are afraid that some disgruntled hardliners might try to retaliate against Aung San Suu Kyi, which, of course, would be a disaster for the reform process and a disaster for the country.But so far, that hasn't happened yet, and now, they're talking about trying to reinvent themselves in the run-up to the 2015 general election. (2)\tA:\tAnd if last week's election results were any indication, the NLD looks like it would sweep those elections, and then what happens to the military-backed ruling party?I mean, they're out the door, and then if you - if the NLD, for example, had a majority in parliament - I know we're getting ahead of ourselves - but if they had a majority, then they could actually talk about rewriting that constitution, yeah? (3)\tB:\tAnd at that point, push comes to shove, no? (4)\tA:\tPush could come to shove, yes.I mean, people used to having their way for a very long time aren't usually very eager to give up what they have.  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1) Please choose a confidence score ( marks how confidence you are that there is implied meaning in this turn ) :   4 : You are not sure whether everybody will agree that this turn has implied meanings but you believe that most of them will Please write a implied meaning ( More than 8 words! ) :","questions":"Which party won only one seat in the election mentioned in the statement?","answer":"Militarybacked."}
{"text":["Were you surprised by these numbers?","Yeah, these numbers are pretty high, and it is surprising, and I think that on one hand they're sort of real because we've seen this change over the last two decades as the rates have slowly gone up, and on the other hand they're inflated a little bit, probably because of the way they were obtained.","These are - the CDC did a study, which is like polling data. They - it's called the National Representative randomized Cross-sectional Survey. And it's - this particular trial supposedly was done with land line and cell phone telephone surveys of all households who have children.","There was a similar study just published a couple weeks ago that was on autism, which showed the rate of autism was two percent of the population, which is also very high and was discussed just in the same way. But these are epidemiological survey data, and they're worth something. We have other data to show that the numbers are indeed going up."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : none","questions":"Which study was published a couple of weeks ago on a different topic?","answer":"Autism"}
{"text":["Well, one of the big questions is going to be whether or not Donald Trump is able to turn out all of these new voters that he says he's going to be able to turn out. So if you look at the numbers on caucus night, if the numbers are about 150,000 or higher on the Republican side, people think that's a good day for Donald Trump. If there are 125,000 to 150,000, that's the number of people are saying could be good for Ted Cruz.","Democratic side, both Sen.  Sanders and Hillary Clinton seem to be getting good crowds.","For the Democrats, the thing to watch here is that Hillary Clinton has been in this state for two years organizing. They feel like they have their strong core base of support. They have Barack Obama's field operation there. Remember, he won this state in 2008. Bernie Sanders has a interesting complication because he's getting huge crowds. A lot of his supporters are young. They're college-age. The problem with them is that they're all concentrated in a few different places. He's winning more than a quarter of his vote right now in three counties. They're actually encouraging a lot of these kids to go back home so that they can filter out the vote in the rest of the state because the way delegates are picked, they need a little bit more of these kids to go back to other places. Otherwise, Hillary Clinton could wind up winning in rural counties and wind up beating Bernie Sanders, even though he might have a lot of vote concentrated in those cities.","All this concentration on Iowa - and I don't regret a moment on it. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They're actually encouraging a lot of these kids to go back home so that they can filter out the vote in the rest of the state because the way delegates are picked, they need a little bit more of these kids to go back to other places.\"  Implicated meaning: The campaign is strategically urging young supporters to return to their hometowns to vote, aiming to influence the outcome of delegate selection across the state.  Explanation: The literal meaning of the statement implies that the campaign is encouraging young supporters to leave the event and go back to their homes. However, the implicated meaning reveals a strategic motive behind this action, which is to distribute the youth vote across different areas to have a better chance at winning delegates.","questions":"What is the reason for the campaign encouraging young supporters to go back home?","answer":"Delegate"}
{"text":["No, I don't think the passage of time has narrowed options for action but time is indeed the enemy. We've seen a persistence of this regime in Syria create a humanitarian crisis that is not only torturing the Syrian people but it's having massive effects on the neighborhood.","The U. N.  panel reported this week on evidence of chemicals weapons, which, of course, the Obama administration had once called a red line. What's your assessment of their reaction?","I think there's little doubt on the part of anybody that the regime has employed chemical weapons against the Syrian people. It's a remarkably small percentage of casualties are accounted for by this practice but it is a particularly bad practice. But the United States had a very traumatic experience with this business of weapons of mass destruction 10 years ago in Iraq. The administration wants to get it right this time. It wants to be able to present a case that is accurate and irrefutable.","That being said, does it run the risk with a protracted delay seeming as if they're countenance in the use of chemical weapons?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implies that by delaying action, the U.S. appears to be tolerating the use of chemical weapons.","questions":"How does turn 3 suggest the U.S. reaction to the use of chemical weapons?","answer":"Tolerating"}
{"text":["Well, Secretary Kerry has been talking about this idea of a transitional government. It's kind of - if you remember, back in January they tried a ceasefire that was disrespected by both sides because it told people to stop fighting. It didn't address why they were fighting, which was to control the government.","So now there's a conversation that Kerry's having with both President Kiir and over the phone with the rebel leader, Riek Machar, saying, OK, you guys need to sit down and discuss a transitional government that will include both tribes, but - at least we're reading between the lines here - probably not include either of you guys. Now, whether he can get that across might be possible. The U. S.  does have a lot of power in this region. But it really does depend on these two sides sitting down.","Greg, the U. N.  special adviser says there's, quote, \"the risk of genocide. \"That will make a lot of people wonder if we're on the verge of another Rwanda or Bosnia.","One very chilling account was before the recent massacre in Bentiu. Rebel commanders were said to have used a local radio station to tell men to commit acts of rape against women from the ethnic opposition. That reminds people of Rwanda. The true fear - and this is already happening - is that this hate speech will blur the line between civilian and combatant."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) The implication of this turn is that the U.N. special adviser believes that this conflict has the potential to be as destructive and deadly as the genocides in Rwanda and Bosnia.","questions":"What was the concern expressed by the U.N. special adviser about the conflict in South Sudan?","answer":"Potential"}
{"text":["OK. So, speaking of the Senate and Senator Obama, he will resign his seat on Sunday. His replacement will be appointed by the governor of Illinois, Rod Blagojevich. Who are the likely candidates, and who's likely to actually be appointed?","Well, the most likely candidate and the person most likely to be appointed is Jesse Jackson Jr. , the congressman from Chicago. But there are a range of candidates, and it's quite interesting because, as you know, the governor is in political hot water himself. His numbers are very low. There's all sorts of talk of investigations and the like.","So, the question is, would he, potentially, maybe appoint somebody who's a close ally in the state legislature?There's the 73-year-old Emil Jones. Then, what about pressure from the Hispanic community?There's Congressman Luis Gutierrez. And there's also talk about Tammy Duckworth - Tammy Duckworth, who runs the Veterans Affairs Department for Illinois, and she is a double amputee and close to Obama. But there are also people who might be potentially opponents for the governor going forward, like the attorney general, Lisa Madigan, or the treasurer. So, there's all these kinds of angles to the game that are very interesting. But it looks at this moment, most likely, that you're going to end up with Jesse Jackson Jr.","OK.  And Juan, what was your best political conversation of this week?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There are many potential candidates for the Senate seat","questions":"How many potential candidates are there for the Senate seat?","answer":"Many"}
{"text":["I like a slice of lime, but you don't need it. And by the way, you better also get that lime before the price goes up.","Jacob Gluck, cheers.","Thank you.","He's co-owner of Goza Tequila based in Atlanta, Ga."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A thinks that the price of lime will increase soon.","questions":"How does PersonA feel about the price of lime?","answer":"Increase"}
{"text":["So, this isn't someone who is just - and forgive a homey analogy for our listeners - this isn't someone who is just the Michael Jordan of Indian cricket. This is somebody who is the Michael Jordan times five, six or ten.","Probably yes, exactly. All - the Babe Ruth, Mickey Mantle, Lou Gehrig all combined. I don't know which other icons to come with from which sport that Americans relate to. And he somehow managed to be uncontaminated by scandal, by controversy in a sport that's been laden with examples of both. And his rise, in a sense, became tied up with or almost emblematic of India's own rise to ascension on the world stage. When Sachin Tendulkar made his debut for India in 1989 at the age of 16, India was still a developing country, a poor country, one with lots of problems, a semi-closed economy, that still called itself socialist. All of these problems. And then India liberalized in 1991 with the end of the Cold War and the major change in financial calculations and political philosophy in the country, and that coincided with Sachin's rise. So, India rose and Sachin rose, and he leaves just as our economy has also begun to tank a bit over the last year or two.","Shashi, what happens to a star of this magnitude in the retirement?Any idea?","Well, amusingly enough, my government nominated him to our Upper House. We have an Upper House that's weaker than your Senate.","You know, Shashi, let me simply interject: very few things are weaker than our Senate at the moment, but go ahead."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Is there any idea what happens to a star of this magnitude in the retirement?","questions":"What did PersonB ask about Sachin Tendulkar's retirement?","answer":"Happens"}
{"text":["Yeah, I think that's true. And I think any country would really struggle to deal with something this extreme. MSF was already in the country working with patients with HIV. And we're looking at Mozambique's emergency response for at least the next six months. But it's likely that it will take longer.","I mean, we've got to remember that people have lost their crops; people have lost their homes. And these are not wealthy people. These are people who - you know, many people live kind of hand-to-mouth, so their struggling is huge.","Caitlin Ryan is emergency communications officer for Doctors Without Borders. Responding to the situation in Mozambique, she's in the city of Beira this morning.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Living hand-to-mouth implies that you're just barely making ends meet. A subsistence standard of living with little to spare.","questions":"What standard of living do many people in Mozambique live in?","answer":"Subsistence"}
{"text":["Some people are afraid that the extradition law will basically legalize kidnapping by the Chinese state. And that has already happened with several booksellers in Hong Kong being whisked away and mysteriously reappearing in Chinese detention. And so if this law is to pass, people fear that that will no longer be a news item or will just be a regular thing.","And to that question of how this bill is being rammed through, you know, what about that?Is there something about the way this bill is being, you know, processed, is extraordinary?","There are widespread complaints that there was no real public consultation about this. The legal sector, thousands of lawyers came out in force just this past week, and they marched in black in silence. And these are the people who would understand the law the best. And yet, the government has told them repeatedly that no, you lawyers don't understand the bill at all. And so that just shows that the government isn't really listening to the people, and people are feeling that. And that's why they took to the streets.","And, you know, authorities in Hong Kong did release a statement in response to the protests. What did it say?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Hong Kong government is ignoring public opinions.","questions":"What is the government doing to public opinions?","answer":"Ignoring"}
{"text":["The inspector general also alleges that lucrative government contracts were given to friends and former colleagues of the bureau. And this isn't the first criticism by the inspector general of the Minerals Management office. Last year, that office was accused of making mistakes in the royalties that calculated for the industry. It saved companies more than 10 billion dollars. So, at the very least, this latest investigation gives ammunition to the people who say that the Bush administration is too close to the oil and gas industry.","And so, this directly affects taxpayers and consumers?","Well, you know, the head of the Minerals Management Agency says, no, that the agency has been collecting the proper amount of royalties, but the report says some oil companies were allowed to revise their payments downward after their contracts were finalized. And outsiders have to wonder why would the industry be giving gifts to employees of this agency, if they didn't want something in return?","OK. Still on oil, another story. OPEC announced it will be cutting production. What does that mean?","Well, they do want to cut production to keep the price high, but you know, Saudi Arabia said today that it isn't necessarily going to stick to those quotas and produce what the cartel imposed late on Tuesday. So, the prospect that Saudi Arabia might continue to crank out high levels of crude is pushing oil prices down, even as Hurricane Ike barrels down on the Gulf of Mexico."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The oil industry may be involved in bribery to get favorable treatment","questions":"Which agency was accused of making mistakes in the royalties calculation for the industry?","answer":"Minerals"}
{"text":["Oh, there are lots of modern blunders but not all of them are brilliant.","To be brilliant, it has to be truly an epic blunder, is what you're saying.","Well, it has to be something that in one way or another leads to a real breakthrough. You know, this is how I define, you know, a brilliant blunder and not just something that is a big mistake. I mean there are lots of huge mistakes.","While I was writing this book, when people would ask me what is your book about, I said, you know, it's about brilliant blunders and it's not an autobiography."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : To be brilliant it has to be an extremely large blunder.","questions":"How does PersonA define a brilliant blunder?","answer":"Real"}
{"text":["It's a really exciting time for us, Ira, to - it's only five years in, and it's been a tremendous success story for the company. Handsets really have taken off. We're at a point now where almost half of all handsets in the world made are smartphones with some type of touch capability.","And then I'm sure you know of tablet computers, are very exciting, have grown quite magnificently in the last few years. And the market is starting to think about expanding touch interfaces with the different devices. If you think about your laptop computer, for example, or monitors or tabletops, even the front of a refrigerator, there's a lot more applications out there, we feel.","We feel that touch and the interface of touch is only going to grow.","Do you have to design and engineer the glass specifically to be touched as a utility?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Designing and engineering glass for touch functionality is necessary.","questions":"What is necessary for touch functionality?","answer":"Glass"}
{"text":["Oriental is the most beautiful place, and we are called the sailing capital of North Carolina because we must have 2,500 sailboats and 900 people.","Oriental is a healthy town it sounds like.","Oh, yeah, we're a booming town. And our community is so wonderful. Our churches were all coming together to try to get something solved. Like, there's people that don't have a driver's license, or they've got to have their medicine, so our local church has got a van, and we're going to get people their groceries and medicine. So we have all kind of volunteering to get something going.","When did the Wal-Mart Express move into town?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that people are worried that the reconstruction of historical sites, while intended to preserve them, may actually erase the original context and erase the history that was connected to them.","questions":"What are people's concerns about historical site reconstruction in relation to erasing history?","answer":"Worried"}
{"text":["And could you please describe the dish for us?","Yeah, without getting into all the controversy surrounding the dish, basically it consists of guanciale, which is the cured, salted cheek of a pig, tomatoes, usually tinned or jarred, not fresh tomatoes, pecorino, which is sheep's milk cheese, and a little bit of dried hot chili pepper, which the Italians called peperoncino.","And it was, at one point, distinct to this area of Italy.","It's hard to be absolutely hard and fast about these things. But, yes, I mean, there was a version which is currently called pasta Gricia, which is without the tomatoes, and that's definitely from this region. And it's probable that the version with tomatoes, which is called Amatriciana now, is from the region. But some people think that the tomatoes happened in Rome. Rome has certainly taken the dish to its heart, and you'll often find it described as a Roman pasta.","And what's the controversy that you were trying to avoid?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Implies that the speaker has knowledge of a controversy related to the dish, but doesn't want to talk about it.","questions":"How did the speaker respond to the question about the controversy surrounding the dish?","answer":"Avoid"}
{"text":["Linda Greenhouse is co-author of \"Before Roe v.  Wade: Voices that Shaped the Abortion Debate Before the Supreme Court's Ruling. \"She joins us by phone from her office in New Haven, where she now teaches at Yale Law School. Good to have you back on the program.","Oh, thanks very much.","And one of the documents you reprinted is the story of Dr.  Jane Hodgson. What's her part in Roe v.  Wade?","Well, she didn't have a direct part in Roe against Wade. Jane Hodgson was a very courageous obstetrician-gynecologist in St.  Paul, Minnesota in the early 1970s. Before Roe she was a Mayo Clinic-trained doctor. And she decided to test, to challenge the Minnesota criminal abortion law. She had a patient who had contracted German measles very early in her pregnancy. And people my age might remember, before there were immunizations, that there were epidemics of German measles that swept through the country, and when it hit somebody early in pregnancy, it had a very high probability of causing serious birth defects."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : German measles affected the people, it did not 'hit' them in a literal sense","questions":"How did German measles affect people?","answer":"Affected"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","But - so in any event, do you really want to put yourself on the side of people that cut even 3 percent from the Meals on Wheels budget?","Well, from a political standpoint, you're right. But this is the problem for whatever the not-left-of-center crew is, now that it's gotten so diverse in the era of Trump is - who's going to talk about how it works?Back to repealing Obamacare, there is a method going forward that works. It involves using tax credits to let people shop. And their choices drive down prices and create more products that they want to buy. But no one's talk about that because you're trapped in this Trump gravitational conversational field.","Well, we'll have you back. We have to cut the conversation short. Michael Graham is podcast editor for The Weekly Standard."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Actual meaning: B is challenging A's position and implying that it is morally questionable. Literal meaning: B is asking A if they want to align themselves with people who cut 3 percent from the Meals on Wheels budget.","questions":"What budget cut is PersonB referring to?","answer":"Meals"}
{"text":["It's a love letter to my mother. I love my mother very, very much. She gave me everything. She was a wonderful mother. She gave me the most magnificent childhood in Edinburgh, and she had no pattern for that. She was suffering so much as a child. She was kept very closeted. Nobody ever told her anything of love. She was very, very solitary, lonely and unhappy child. And yet she invented herself and became this wonderful mother to me.","And at the same time, I felt that her version of events, which was utter doom and terrible villainy, couldn't necessarily be completely true because everybody's version of their story is slightly different.","Of course.","And so I wanted to turn it and turn it like a kaleidoscope to see whether I could see what these people's motives really were. And was it so terrible?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The literal meaning is that the speaker is expressing love and gratitude towards their mother. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker's mother had a difficult childhood and overcame it to become a great parent to the speaker.","questions":"How was the PersonA's mother's childhood?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["And in most car journeys, he'd be playing me music and reciting poetry. So it was really extraordinary being a daughter of such a man.","Rebecca, I mentioned earlier how I grew up in a very religious family. I don't go to church that much anymore. Actually, I don't go at all. So I'm wondering, for you, where is your faith now?Do you still have it?","No one's asked me that question (laughter). I would say that one of the things I expected from this book was that it would lay some ghosts for me, and I think it has. I still cannot open the Bible without hearing the sound of those men using scriptures almost like rapiers with each other. They knew the Bible inside out, so they would use one scripture to trump another. And it was all men locking horns, you know. So it's hard for me not to see the Bible full of words that have been used for warfare, if you like.","And yeah, I've been surprised at the effect on me of writing the book and also of the many, many people who have written to me, ex-Brethren - I would say 70 or 80 by now - beautiful letters from elderly people writing to me to say, the Brethren was a terrible thing. We all lived through it - and telling me their stories but saying, I came to find a kinder God and kinder Christians outside. And I've been really moved by how much people have wanted me to know about their kinder God."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implication of the statement is that the Bible has been used for power struggles and arguments between men.","questions":"What is difficult for the speaker to see in the Bible due to the way it has been used by men?","answer":"Words"}
{"text":["Well, what he was accused of doing amid a custody battle with his wife, Mia Farrow, was of abusing his young daughter, Dylan, taking her into the attic and sexually molesting her. This had played out because of - there was a scandal that had happened just weeks, months before where Mia Farrow had discovered that Woody Allen had taken nude pictures of her daughter with her former husband, Andre Previn, Soon-Yi.","To whom Mr.  Allen's now married, yeah.","To whom Mr.  Allen has now been married for many years. And that tore the family apart. And so it was this sort of twin scandal, a Greek tragedy if you will, that played out at that time and has had these repercussions ever since.","How did The Hollywood Reporter - the features editor, Stephen Galloway, handle that part of the story?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A 'twin scandal' in this case doesn't speak of any genetic relationship, but two tightly connected situations, as twins are tightly connected familially. ","questions":"Which familial relationship is the twin scandal referred to in the dialogue?","answer":"0"}
{"text":["But your hands were cold?","Very cold.","That decision to try to turn around, you thought you could have summitted, but you might have endangered your hands?","I know I could have summitted. Yes, however - yes, I wasn't willing to lose my fingers or a tip of a finger, even, for the summit of K2."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the speaker could have reached the summit of K2 but chose not to risk losing their fingers or a tip of a finger. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker prioritizes their physical well-being over the achievement of reaching the summit of K2. This suggests that the speaker is sensible and cautious when it comes to decision-making, even in high-risk situations.","questions":"Which trait of the PersonA's decision-making is suggested by the implied meaning of turn 3?","answer":"Cautious"}
{"text":["So it's worth pointing out the reason the special counsel did not indict the president was because he said Justice Department policy says you cannot indict a sitting president. What the president's lawyers then argued in this case is the president cannot even be investigated. And the judge said, no, that the investigation has to be allowed to go forward. And if it can't, it would mean not only the president, but - and I'm quoting here - any accomplices could escape being brought to justice.","Do we know of any accomplices?I mean, who might the judge have been referring to there?","So we don't know exactly. But we do know that the president's business is being examined for falsifying business records because those hush money payments - they were claimed to be a legal retainer, which they were not. Third parties are being examined as well. This is a major aspect of the DA's argument, which the court has now agreed with. You have a local prosecutor looking into local crimes, and he's saying, what?No one can be held to account if they did a crime with the president. If you extend this argument, the president could have actually shot someone on Fifth Avenue, the judge was implying. And if he did, no co-conspirators could be held to account if you went along with the Trump lawyers' arguments, according to the federal judge today.","So the Second Circuit has issued a stay. What happens next?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The president can not be indicted while in office ","questions":"What was the reason the special counsel did not indict the president?","answer":"Justice-Department-policy"}
{"text":["Investors are ecstatic about central bankers working there. Listen to this, the German DAX Index up about 10 percent, the French CAC 40, up more than nine percent. Now, they are both measures like the Dow 30, which on Wall Street jumped 500 points in the morning.","In Britain, Prime Minister Gordon Brown put $65 billion of government money into three British banks. NPR's Rod Gifford is in London. We're going to him. Rob, hello. I think that people are saying it is this British plan, the so-called British plan that seems to be may be spurring a little bit of a recovery around the world. What is the British government doing, and what does it want in return?","Well, as you say, Alex, Gordon Brown is getting a lot of kudos from this, because he was the one who put this plan forward last week. What they're doing, as you say, is to put a lot of government money that is taxpayer's money, $65 billion worth of it, into three British banks into order to - they hope - free up the bank to bank lending, and the whole crisis of confidence that has struck British banks as it has done elsewhere.","In return - some very important conditions they want in return. Right upfront, leaders of these banks that have got into trouble must step down. Bonuses are being frozen for other executives who stay on and crucially, the demand that these banks maintain mortgage lending and small-business lending at 2007 levels, levels of last year."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The government is demanding that the banks that received the bailout maintain mortgage lending and small-business lending at the levels of last year while also requiring leaders of these banks to step down and freezing bonuses for executives who stay.","questions":"How is the government regulating the banks that received the bailout?","answer":"Conditions"}
{"text":["But I understand the point that you're making. She drill - she drilled that into. . .","You know what I'm saying?She drummed that - she drilled that into us. . .","There you go.","One blow, you go. You don't examine; you don't wonder. You run, and you come home, and then we talk from there. And that needs to be - you have to have a line in the sand that is clearly drawn from a young age. And I don't think that happened."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : line in the sand refers to having boundaries about what is acceptable and what is not ok","questions":"What is the meaning of \"line in the sand\" in the dialogue?","answer":"Boundaries"}
{"text":["What should we make of these shocking statistics?","I think to most Alaskans, these statistics aren't surprising. Anyone who lives here knows someone or is themselves a victim of sexual violence. And so this is a reality that Alaskan residents are constantly made aware of.","You say in an opinion piece you wrote for the Anchorage Daily News that 59 percent of women in Alaska say they've been sexually assaulted.","That's right. And it should be noted that, though that number is remarkable, it is likely that that number is also conservative. And we should also note that amongst the 59 percent of Alaska women, 61 percent are Alaska Native, which makes Alaska Native women almost 10 times more likely than other Alaskans to be victims."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Sexual violence is a widespread problem in Alaska.","questions":"Which state has a high incidence of sexual violence?","answer":"Alaska"}
{"text":["It's naive to make believe that you're right. It ain't right.","Only fools go walking on thin ice twice. You and life can skip the strife and you'll both get along. All it takes is simply saying you're wrong.","Is that Kevin Spacey, or Bobby Darin?","You're listening to NPR News."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The speaker is suggesting that it is wise to admit one's mistakes and avoid repeating them, rather than foolishly persisting in one's errors.","questions":"What is the speaker implying about admitting mistakes in the dialogue?","answer":"Admitting"}
{"text":["There's a voice that we have not heard a lot from lately and I want to ask you about it. I'm talking about fed chief Ben Bernanke. He seems to have all but disappeared from the headlines. Why is that we aren't hearing more from him as the stimulus package gets debated?","Well, Bernanke's role is to manage U. S.  monetary policy - what does money cost, bank regulations, all that stuff. So frankly he doesn't have very many arrows in his quiver yet left. He's got - I think we're down to, you know, under one percent for the federal funds rate. So there's not a lot of pontificating around interest rates that Bernanke can do. He ought to be of greater voice around the stimulus especially around as you - strategy, the bad bank strategy you mentioned.","I believe that what he's doing really is letting the Obama economic team get their feet wet. Very, very soon we ought to be hearing that he and the Treasury secretary have met. He's not an Alan Greenspan. If you think back to 1992 when Clinton was elected, Greenspan immediately jumped out there and was almost a jockeying between Greenspan and Clinton. And Greenspan made it clear, hey, I'm the money guy, I'm in charge of this, guys. And he, you know, he went to the White House, he had very long meeting with Clinton. It's been written about by - it's been written about it, you know, the Washington Post reporter has written extensively about that meeting, Carl F - Bernstein.","Bernstein."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He does not have many ways to solve the problems as of yet.","questions":"How many arrows does Bernanke have left?","answer":"NotMany"}
{"text":["Oh, no. There was a rally last week, but it was a - that was a buffoon bus. And it was a - it was a freak show, to be honest with you. I mean, it really was bizarre. I mean, it was a bunch of people from out of town in a bus, you know, yelling and screaming. I mean, it really was not much of anything, but. . .","I just want to interject. They may not share that characterization, but go ahead please, sir.","Yeah, I'm sure they don't, but it's accurate (laughter). But I really had no serious challenge from the left or the right. My re-election prospects looked quite good, actually. Most of my colleagues have multiple opponents. You know, I had just one who announced in the right, and I had one who announced from the left, but neither of whom are particularly viable.","Why leave when, arguably, your voice - it's more important than ever that you be heard?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - This turn implies that the speaker is urging the other speaker to stay and lend their voice to the debate, as their opinion is important and relevant.","questions":"What is the speaker urging the other speaker to do?","answer":"Stay"}
{"text":["Some people are afraid that the extradition law will basically legalize kidnapping by the Chinese state. And that has already happened with several booksellers in Hong Kong being whisked away and mysteriously reappearing in Chinese detention. And so if this law is to pass, people fear that that will no longer be a news item or will just be a regular thing.","And to that question of how this bill is being rammed through, you know, what about that?Is there something about the way this bill is being, you know, processed, is extraordinary?","There are widespread complaints that there was no real public consultation about this. The legal sector, thousands of lawyers came out in force just this past week, and they marched in black in silence. And these are the people who would understand the law the best. And yet, the government has told them repeatedly that no, you lawyers don't understand the bill at all. And so that just shows that the government isn't really listening to the people, and people are feeling that. And that's why they took to the streets.","And, you know, authorities in Hong Kong did release a statement in response to the protests. What did it say?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The extradition law may result in Chinese state kidnapping.","questions":"Which law is causing fear of Chinese state kidnapping?","answer":"Extradition"}
{"text":["What changed your mind because you did start college for a while?","Well, ever heard of the Three Cs?Civilian Conservation Corps, that was started by Franklin Delano Roosevelt, at that time the president of the United States. And he started that program to get young boys like me off the street and try to put them in places where they could learn a trade. And I joined that, and that's when I started to learn about gasoline engine, diesel engines and heavy equipment.","That probably served you pretty well when you went into the military. How did you get into the military and what did you do once you went in?","After I left the CCC camp, I went to the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth, Virginia. That's where I learned to run engine lathe and I made part for ships. And I wanted to volunteer for the Army, but I was drafted. And drafted and was sent to Camp Ellis, Illinois where I take my basic training and went to - overseas in a quartermaster service company in Germany, first France."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"What changed your mind because you did start college for a while?\" - The speaker is not asking about a physical change in the person's mind, but rather about the reasons or factors that led them to change their decision about attending college.","questions":"What was the reason behind the PersonA's decision to join the Civilian Conservation Corps?","answer":"Three"}
{"text":["President Donald Trump had his long-awaited face-to-face with Russian President Vladimir Putin at last week's G-20 summit. Just how the issue of Russian meddling in the November election was addressed is subject to interpretation. And in this country, Congress comes back from recess with health care legislation still looming. So much politics to talk about, so little time - so let's turn to NPR's national political correspondent Mara Liasson. Good morning, Mara.","Good morning, A.","All right. So before we get to Putin-Trump, let's look at the G-20 meeting and what all the countries got out of it.","Well, the big theme of this meeting was how isolated and separate the United States is from the rest of the G-20, the rest of the big economies. It's like there's a G-19, and then there's the U. S. , particularly on climate, trade and immigration. The biggest difference at this meeting was climate. The other 19 leaders agreed that continuing to enact the Paris Agreement on climate change was important. They called the agreement irreversible. Of course, Donald Trump has pulled the U. S.  out of that agreement. So the Europeans and others are going to move forward without the U. S."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It's like there's a G-19, and then there's the U.S.\" - This implies that the United States is distinct and separate from the other 19 countries in the G-20, rather than simply stating that there are 19 countries in addition to the U.S. in the group.","questions":"How is the United States viewed in relation to the rest of the G-20 countries?","answer":"Distinct"}
{"text":["Martin Evans covers the case for the Telegraph. Thanks so much for being with us.","You're welcome.","Now, I think a lot of us in the United States remember this robbery because allegedly the alleged burglars used an industrial power drill to break through the vault. How did they conceal that?","They did indeed. Well, this robbery took place over Easter weekend in April, which is a long bank holiday weekend - a five-day holiday in the U. K.  All the businesses would've closed for four or five days. And around 8:30 p. m. , the alleged gang arrived in a van and started loading equipment in the street. Now, to any passerby, they would have perhaps looked like workmen carrying out some sort of repair work."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of \"You're welcome\" is to thank someone for what they have done, but the implied meaning is that the speaker is accepting the gratitude.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of turn 1?","answer":"accepting"}
{"text":["So when we are forced to cut, we have to decide which is the best way to do it. We can do a shallow cut, like 10 percent 20 percent of the full ration. Or we can do a deep cut if we think the contributions will not be coming in anytime soon. The difficulty with doing a deep cut is that over the longer period, of course, people will become malnourished. Their immune systems will be suppressed. And if the cuts continue, or they're getting absolutely no food from WFP, inevitably, over time, they will fall sick. And, ultimately, many people will perish.","So - I mean, forgive me. It's one thing to make appealing ads that people are in danger of starving to death. What you're saying now is, because there's a crunch for aid, people are in danger of dying slowly.","That's what, in the end, will happen to the most vulnerable. It's the women and the children who will go first. The difficulty about the situation confronting us in 2018, however, is that it comes on the heels of 2017, when the world really pulled itself together, and our donors and donors for other organizations stepped up and provided a lot of funding because we were facing what was said to be the greatest humanitarian needs. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) is the same as its literal meaning, which is a brief acknowledgement of what was just said.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of turn 3?","answer":"Brief"}
{"text":["And why the neighborhoods around Logan?What was going on then?","The people who lived on or in the vicinity of Neptune Road were having a very, very big problem. The airport grew and grew and grew, and needed more and more land. And the people on Neptune Road were so hurt by the noise pollution because at that point the airplanes would land and take off right over their street often enough that there was extensive noise pollution. And I have this one picture - I think you probably saw it - of the teenagers on the overpass, and some of them are not even paying attention to the airplane overhead, and it could be that some of them are now hearing impaired in this photograph.","I mean, you take a look at some of your photographs and the planes are astonishingly close. I mean, it feels that you can almost reach up and hold onto one of the wheels.","And I documented cracks in walls in the homes, people with severe hearing problems. It just went on and on and on."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In turn (1), the speaker asks why the neighborhoods around Logan were affected by some issue or problem. The literal meaning of the turn is a question about the specific cause or nature of the issue.","questions":"What specific problem were the people living on or in the vicinity of Neptune Road facing?","answer":"Airport"}
{"text":["No, wow.","Well, all right. So, let's get to your best political conversation of the week.","You know, it's about John McCain. Everybody in town just watched as McCain came back, and it was very low key. And not only was it at low key; there was a sense of, you know, sadness about it. There he was; suddenly Joe Lieberman's over arguing with the Democrats and trying to get back in with the Democrats and retain his position, in terms of a leader on the Democratic side, no longer hanging around with John McCain. The right wing of the Republican Party never wanted much to do with John McCain, and so they're not rallying to him; they're not offering him any leadership position. So, John McCain is kind of out there on his own, and everybody is saying, you know, what's to come of John McCain?And the answer is, you know, John McCain will try to be his own man, but the fact is he's a man really without a country in the U. S.  Senate at this moment.","NPR news analyst Juan Williams, always a pleasure."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : John McCain is facing political isolation and uncertainty in the Senate","questions":"What is the political situation of John McCain in the Senate?","answer":"Uncertainty"}
{"text":["Yes, they are in re-settlement areas. For example, in Mozambique you have 258,000 people, 90,000 of whom have been displaced over the past month or so. In Malawi you already have 700 cholera cases that have been reported. You have about 152,000 people who have been affected. So they are moving away from their home areas into re-settlement camps.","Let's move to Kenya in the east of Africa. The talks between President Kibaki and opposition leader Raila Odinga continue today outside of Nairobi and the negotiations are being mediated by former U. N.  Secretary General Kofi Annan. Since the post-election violence began in late December, more than 1,000 people have been killed and hundreds of thousands have been displaced. There are also reports of a wave of sexual violence against women who've been displaced by this turmoil. So Cassandra, what's going on here?","Since the violence after the disputed elections on December 27th, we're seeing that this situation has put women and girls at great risk of sexual assault. We know that always in situations of conflict women and girls are in danger. And in Kenya it is no different. We are hearing reports from Nairobi, from the Nairobi general hospital, that there may be as many as double the number of cases of rape within the days following the eruption of the violence.","And what we know is that for every case that is being treated or is being reported, there are many more victims who fail to seek help."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"Let's move to Kenya\" is a figurative expression, meaning \"let's switch our focus of discussion to Kenya\" and not a literal suggestion to physically move.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of \"Let's move to Kenya\"?","answer":"Switch"}
{"text":["And the spider is still paralyzed.","That's right. So interestingly enough, if the egg doesn't hatch, the tarantula can actually recover and go on its way. But more often that larvae will hatch and eat its way into the living but still paralyzed tarantula, and it'll feed on that tarantula for several weeks. And at least some species will selectively feed on non-vital organs first to keep the tarantula alive longer.","What would happen to me if I stepped on this wasp?","The tarantula hawk is a bit infamous in that it has one of the more painful stings known to man. There are actually a number of sting pain indices and in all of these indices the tarantula hawk ranks right up top in that the pain associated with this sting has been described as traumatic, debilitating, instantly excruciating, so it's bad. You don't want to step on these guys."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indicating that they do not wish to continue arguing or debating a particular topic or issue, but would rather end the conversation and move on. The tone and context of the situation may affect the implied meaning, as the speaker could also be indicating a desire to maintain a respectful or friendly relationship with the listener, or they may be suggesting that the topic is not worth further discussion or disagreement. Additionally, the speaker may or may not be open to revisiting the topic at a later time or in a different context.","questions":"What is the PersonA's intended tone when using the turn mentioned in the statement?","answer":"Respectful"}
{"text":["I mean, there is evidence that companies invest more when stock prices go up. But yeah, like you said, it's not necessarily on hiring. They might spend on equipment, factories, technology. And some of that could mean fewer jobs. You know, some of that technology makes things more efficient. The bottom line is it's not an easy cause and effect.","In the recovery from the recession, stocks went up, jobs didn't go up nearly as quickly. And sometimes, a company's stock price goes up after it lays people off. Investors say, oh, you're saving money. You're cutting spending. Good for you. In other words, it's not very simple. The stock market is a broad economic indicator, but it is not at all nuanced.","Danielle Kurtzleben. Thanks so much for being with us.","Sure. You bet."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The stock market is not reliable to determine whether companies will create more jobs or not.","questions":"What is a broad economic indicator that may not reflect whether companies will create more jobs or not?","answer":"Stock-Market"}
{"text":["When you start talking about terrorists network, then of course it gets to be real big. In fact, the reason the NSA and now the FBI want to dragnet information about everybody is the bigger the network is that you perform it on, the more accurate the results you're going to get. So when you take this idea that can be applied to \"Game Of Thrones\" and plug it into the network of everybody that's on the internet and everybody that's using mobile phones, which the NSA can do thanks to enormous computing power, then you get results that you wouldn't be able to figure out any other way because things surface that would be otherwise lost in the sea of communications.","Have you applied this to any other endeavors?","Yeah, in fact my own institute at Stanford did this a few years ago to look at entrepreneurship and start-up companies. We did one study where we compared Stanford, Harvard, Berkeley and MIT to see which one was the most entrepreneurial and in terms of start-up companies and the companies that they - how much money they make and so forth. And in the case of that, Stanford came out way at the top of the pile, as we expected which is. . .","Oh, oh, what a surprise. Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  implies a question asking if the idea has been used in any other contexts.","questions":"What did PersonB express after PersonA talked about the results of applying the idea to a study on entrepreneurship?","answer":"Surprise"}
{"text":["I never approached any of the essayists with ideas in mind in terms of what I wanted them to write about. I wanted them to speak to their own truth to whatever they felt was the most poignant experience for them. And that was it for Nada, and Nada wrote so honestly about what she'd experienced. And it was all tied as well into her own career. It wasn't just about losing Anthony. It was about how all of those different threads came together in her life - the Arab Spring.","And that takes me back to the idea of hopelessness because that's Nada's story. She felt that way, and she was speaking to her own truth. And some of the women have similar feelings about the region, where it's almost like, well, this is just - the losses are too steep.","We mentioned resiliency. Are there other themes that connect these essays?","I think identity is a big one. All of them definitely feel very strongly about where they come from. I tend to say there's this idea of a homeland - and it's quite poetic in the Arab world - where, I'm from here. I want to be telling the story. This is the truth of what's happening in my homeland."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The essayists were free to write about what was most poignant to them without any predetermined ideas (1)","questions":"How did Nada choose what to write about in her essay?","answer":"Honestly"}
{"text":["Correct.","And that's the idea?","That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.","Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implied Meaning: Is this the overall goal we are striving towards?","questions":"What is the objective?","answer":"Goal"}
{"text":["So what I did was incorporate the superhero, but have them have HIV in real life situations, if the person were to have it. So they would have the same illnesses, the same sicknesses, and even some of the characters may die from AIDS or something like that.","So, the book really shows you - I have in one scene where you see one of the characters is about to have sexual relations with a woman, and he - I show a condom. I talk about. . .","Robert, I'm sorry. We have to wrap it up here. There's so much to talk about. . .","I'm sorry for that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Discussing the use of condoms during sexual relations in the book.","questions":"How did PersonA address the use of condoms in the book?","answer":"Show"}
{"text":["Can I ask you, has your shop - your restaurant, which is very well known here, helped you in your endeavor?Do people walk in to give you tips, try and contact you through that?","You know, I'm not talking about this, really, to people because it probably would seem like I have a tin foil hat on my head until (laughter) - I don't know - you realize with a lot of people, I think that you think that there may be conspiracy theorists on Twitter or whatever. And then you realize, like, sometimes the conspiracy theorists are right.","Jeff Jetton, thank you so much for being with us.","Absolutely. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : You know, I'm not talking about this, really, to people because it probably would seem like I have a tin foil hat on my head until (laughter) - I don't know - you realize with a lot of people, I think that you think that there may be conspiracy theorists on Twitter or whatever. And then you realize, like, sometimes the conspiracy theorists are right.  The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not talking about wearing a tin foil hat literally. Instead, they are referring to the perception that people may have of them being paranoid or overly skeptical if they share their beliefs about conspiracy theories. The speaker then goes on to express that some conspiracy theories, which are often dismissed by people, may have some truth to them.","questions":"What is the speaker referring to when they mention \"conspiracy theorists\" on Twitter?","answer":"Beliefs"}
{"text":["We're joined now by NPR correspondent Kim Masters. Hi, Kim.","Hi, Alex.","Kim, remind us why the Screen Actors Guild and the studios haven't been able to see eye to eye.","Well, the big fight is how actors will be compensated for work in new media. They want jurisdiction and they want a piece of the pie. And the great backdrop against which this happened is that the entire Hollywood working community felt that they were short-changed when DVDs came into play; they didn't get a big enough piece of that pie. A lot of people have said they don't want to be burned again. The studios take the position that this is still a very new and not particularly lucrative media and that they need time and they're not going to start cutting in the actors on that big of a piece at this point, and they point that every other union that takes residuals has settled for an existing deal that the writers took and that the directors took. The Screen Actors Guild, which has very aggressive leadership, is the last holdout."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement from B implies that Screen Actors Guild and the studios haven't been able meet in-person because they are portrayed as having very aggressive leadership and being the last union to hold out for a better deal. ","questions":"How is the leadership of the Screen Actors Guild described?","answer":"Aggressive"}
{"text":["In Larry Nassar's statement to the court last year just before he was sentenced, he said he'd been impacted to his inner-most core by the testimony of his victims, including yourself. But he did not apologize. He was, though, sentenced to life in prison. Did you feel resolution walking away from that day?","You know, I did in the sense that Larry will never be able to hurt another child. And I take great comfort in that. That being said, Larry was a symptom of the problem. And that's something, again, that I really wanted to dig into in the book. Larry didn't just magically appear as one of the most prolific predators in campus history, in sports history and in history in general. He didn't magically appear that way. He was enabled and sheltered by powerful organizations, by law enforcement agencies that mishandled or refused to investigate reports of sexual misconduct. And so while we were able to stop Larry, what really remains to be done and the work that has just begun is dealing with the institutions and the dynamics that left him in power.","Rachael Denhollander is an activist and former gymnast. Her book \"What Is A Girl Worth?\"and her children's book \"How Much Is A Little Girl Worth?\"are out now. Rachael, thank you so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : References to magic aren't meant to be literal. Of course he didn't magically appear. The implication is simply that Nassar is a product of the organization he worked for.","questions":"Which word implies that Nassar's behavior was a result of the organization he worked for?","answer":"Dynamics"}
{"text":["Well, you could say both. You know, in 2010, the parent company declared bankruptcy. There's significant debt surrounding and hanging over National Enquirer's parent company. But you can't separate this from the scandals. The Washington Post, in its reporting, claims that the hedge fund manager who's sort of controlling owner now of American Media says that he's disgusted by what he's learned. This is not really anything new for the Enquirer, but don't forget the legal trouble the Enquirer has been in. You know, it got dragged into the investigation of Michael Cohen and others. It had to, essentially, negotiate with prosecutors in order to avoid prosecution. And indeed, the Bezos scandal may raise the legal stakes once more.","I mean, we've probably all joked at the grocery store checkout stand, like, looking at the headlines - who would ever buy the National Enquirer?Well, now it's like a more serious question. Who would buy the National Enquirer?","Well, you know, in a straight world, you might say TMZ, the digital gossip site. It's hard to know. It's a damaged brand. It is a notable brand. Somebody may buy it as a plaything, or there's been speculation Jeff Bezos would want to strangle it, buy it and put it out. . .","Wow. That would be. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The National Enquirer may be bought for non-serious purposes or by someone who wants to shut it down.","questions":"How might the National Enquirer be acquired?","answer":"Plaything"}
{"text":["Just quickly, do you think the president will stay on message when he announces this this afternoon?","Well, if past is prologue, often, he gets off message or does not stick to the script. But sometimes, in the Rose Garden, he sticks to those teleprompters. So, you know, you never know. But he certainly has a lot of ideas about immigration.","NPR's Tamara Keith.","Thanks, Tam."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president sometimes goes off script during announcements, but sometimes sticks to teleprompters.","questions":"What does the president sometimes stick to during announcements?","answer":"Teleprompter."}
{"text":["Now, going back to the delegate question. Mitt Romney had a significant number of delegates. What happens to his delegates on the Republican side?Who gets to choose what pile they get thrown in?","He had 282 pledged delegates when he got out of the race last Thursday, bowing out to John McCain. But he did not actually totally 100 percent leave the campaign. He suspended his campaign, which means he's no longer really contesting John McCain's nomination. But if something should happen, some untoward event were to really alter the course of things, in the next couple of weeks or months or as we get closer to the convention, if something happened to John McCain and Mitt Romney wanted to get back into the fray, he's still holding on to that cash of delegates, which is at this point still the second largest. He's still a little bit ahead Mike Huckabee, even though Huckabee had a pretty good weekend out there.","So Mitt Romney's hanging onto those delegates for now. In the end we expect there will not be a big fight for the nomination at the convention and all the delegates will make it unanimous for John McCain, except those few who might choose to cast a kind of protest vote.","All right. Well, Ron, thanks again."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mitt Romney has suspended his campaign, which means he is still technically in the race and has not fully withdrawn. (3) - All the delegates are expected to vote for John McCain at the convention, but a few may choose to cast a vote of protest.","questions":"What does the statement say about Mitt Romney's campaign status and the possibility of a protest vote?","answer":"Campaign,Protest"}
{"text":["So this is the second year that the numbers are up. What kind of numbers are we talking about?","We are reporting four hectares of overwintering colonies. That's 9. 1 acres. That is the area that they occupy, so that is indeed very good news compared to last year where we only had a little bit over one hectare.","You've been out in the field with them. Just describe for our listeners what - if they haven't been able to see them, what these monarch butterflies look like when they come to stay in Mexico.","Once they arrive to Michoacan - which is the name of the state where the forests are and the state of Mexico - they congregate on fir trees.","High up in the mountains - I mean, it's quite a steep climb to get there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) We are reporting four hectares of overwintering colonies.That's 9.1 acres.That is the area that they occupy, so that is indeed very good news compared to last year where we only had a little bit over one hectare.","questions":"How many hectares of overwintering colonies were reported this year compared to last year?","answer":"9.1"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Now, this didn't just break the record. It sounds like it's shattered it.","Yeah, the previous record was 85 degrees, and it hit 90 degrees on July Fourth, which was crazy.","Crazy. Now, when you say the highest previous record was 85 degrees, well, that's not - you know, OK, 85 degrees. But really - really - it's never close to 90 degrees there, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The new record has surpassed the old one by a large margin.","questions":"How much higher was the new record than the old one?","answer":"5"}
{"text":["Not a big deal.","It wasn't bothering me, but why not treat it?That's where the trouble began.","So she didn't know the cost of the medication, right?","No. She didn't ask, and the physician assistant didn't tell. So the PA calls in the prescription to a mail-order pharmacy. The mail-order pharmacy calls Anne to say, what's your insurance?She tells them she has really good insurance, and she has a health savings account or health reimbursement account to cover all of those medical costs that her insurance doesn't cover."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation worsened after trying to treat it","questions":"How did the situation change after PersonA suggested treating it?","answer":"worsened"}
{"text":["It was fabulous. One of our friends at News & Notes, one of our folks from the Reporter's Roundtable, John Yearwood of the Miami Herald, arranged for us to get a private interview with the president of Senegal. And that was wonderful, and we're going to run that next week. He's involved in essentially trying to do some negotiations with the president of Sudan over Darfur and also talks about a lot of the ecological issues that's affecting west Africa. But the best part about it was that the initial part was - were students, and you have these student journalists in this room full of diplomats and you know, a lot of security, big presidential suite, and it was - there was a certain heaviness to the air and certain gravitas. The president speaks English, but sometimes he speaks French and has a translator. And just to see the lights on these students' faces, the student from NABJ and the other ethnic journalism association, that was extraordinary.","It sounds like it was quite something. And we will look forward to hearing that interview. One really quick question before I let you go, and that's when you have a room full of journalist, does anybody get a chance to talk or does everybody talk at the same time.","Everybody dances.","Farai, thanks for checking in. We'll see you back here next week. Oh, one more thing, Farai?Oh, she's gone. I wanted to wish her a happy birthday. We'll have to do that when she comes back. All right, that was News & Notes host Farai Chideya checking in with us from Chicago, Illinois."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Journalists tend to talk over each other in a room full of journalists","questions":"How do journalists behave in a room full of journalists?","answer":"Talk"}
{"text":["Klay Thompson has made it very, very clear that despite the injury, he wants to stay there and that the Warriors have pretty much said that they're going to reward him as well for playing his guts out. He belongs with that team. The Warriors aren't going to be what they were, but, eventually, when those injuries are clear, they're still going to be a really good team.","Wimbledon begins next week. What are you watching for?","I'm watching for two things, and I'm really looking for Ashleigh Barty. I'm actually watching her in a couple of ways. One, she has the chance to become the first Indigenous player, obviously from Australia, to become world No. 1. She can do that tomorrow if she wins in the final at Birmingham. She can also - when Wimbledon begins, she can become the first Indigenous woman since Evonne Goolagong, also who was No. 1 in 1976.","My favorite player as a youth, yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are going to reward him for playing as hard as he could despite his injury.","questions":"How did Klay Thompson perform despite his injury?","answer":"Hard"}
{"text":["Most Americans agree Congress should do something to try to end gun violence. There is wide support for a range of ideas, including keeping tabs on or limiting who can get a gun and making it easier for police and family members to temporarily take guns away from people who may hurt themselves or others - what's known as red flag laws. There's more division on other proposals. We all - we know all of this because of a new NPR\/PBS NewsHour\/Marist poll.","NPR senior political editor and correspondent Domenico Montanaro has dug into the numbers. He joins us now. Hey, Domenico.","Hey, Ailsa.","OK. So I want to start where there is some agreement. Let's just start positive for now. What does this poll tell us?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is support for gun control measures in the US.","questions":"What is the term used for taking guns away from people who may hurt themselves or others?","answer":"Red-flag"}
{"text":["But people in India really are angry. I have lived in this country in two different periods for about 15 years. I have never seen anything like this before. You see it in other countries, but you don't often see it in India, where people take to the streets and complain. They want change.","There hasn't been much change. All we've seen so far is the home secretary, the home minister, that's the head of the security services, I suppose, being changed, and nothing else has. The armed forces chief and other people are arguing and doing a blame game as to who's responsible, and people are getting angrier.","They want change in terms of attitudes and actions by the politicians and the bureaucrats. They want visible signs of the corruption, which impedes India's efficient government, to stop, and they also want signs that something is being done to stop further attacks.","Elections in India aren't too far off. Is this a signal that the current government might be in jeopardy?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The people want visible and effective action against corruption and terrorism.","questions":"How do the people want the government to act against corruption and terrorism?","answer":"Visible"}
{"text":["Why aren't all Republican votes for this bill locked up?There are conservatives who don't like it. They're centrists that don't like it.","Well, there's a lot to not like. It's a big, messy problem. But the conversation on, you know, The Weekly Standard, the Washington Examiner, the groups that I work with. . .","Yeah.",". . . You know, we are at the junction of these confluences. For years, you had a pretty straightforward, conservative view on health care that the free market fixes it so you put in some kind of floor so that, you know, worst-case scenario, you still got a net to catch you. But then you let people shop. And just like your iPhone, prices go down; quality goes up. It's - that's the formula. But that formula is hard to find in this bill because you have this other group of people who actually won the White House. And they're not conservatives. They're Trump - whatever, you know, Republicans, nationalists, whatever, and they have a different view."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In context, \"Yeah\" is used as a way to show agreement and understanding. Its implied meaning is that the speaker is in agreement with the idea being presented by the other person.","questions":"What is the name of the website mentioned by person PersonA in turn 1?","answer":"The"}
{"text":["And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?","Well, so all of this water from upstream that's coming from northeast Oklahoma is heading downstream into Tulsa. They have these aging levees. Many of them were built in the 1940s. The Keystone Dam is releasing huge amounts of water, and that has led to thousands of people being evacuated from their homes in the Tulsa area.","And then if you go down river, as you get closer to Arkansas, some communities, like Braggs and Webbers Falls, have been totally emptied out. One mayor earlier this week told people that if they refuse to evacuate, they should write their identification on their arm.","Wow. I mean, it does sound as though it's just an overwhelmingly awful combination of floods and tornadoes and bad weather. What are people saying as you are out and about interviewing people and, I guess, just talking to your own neighbors?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The levees are old and may not be able to withstand the water, causing people to evacuate.","questions":"Which dam is releasing huge amounts of water?","answer":"Keystone"}
{"text":["Absolutely. But on the other hand, you know, basically going toward an impeachment process without making sure that we have done our homework and have the case to win the approval of the American people and to get a conviction in the Senate may not be the best course. So right now. . .","But forgive - we just have half a minute left. Forgive - you and I always use baseball analogies. Are you essentially saying we're not going to begin the game until we know we can win it?","I think what I'm saying is we have to make sure that we go down the path where we can actually achieve the intended result. And right now, going into the impeachment process without having done all our homework is not what my constituents want. And I think that it's not necessarily the best course.","Representative Raja Krishnamoorthi of Illinois, thanks so much for being back with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are not going to do the impeachment until they have studied all of the evidence and the laws regarding it.","questions":"How would PersonA describe their constituents' opinion on going into the impeachment process without doing all their homework?","answer":"apprehensive"}
{"text":["I have another on-the-other-hand that may have presented itself this week. A lot of people said if the president doesn't enforce what he said would happen, if Syria crossed the red line and used chemical weapons, then Iran would think that the United States was insincere and would develop a nuclear - continued to develop a nuclear weapon system. This week, the new Iranian president says: We're not interested in nuclear weapons; I want to shake President Obama's hand. Does it suggest that the administration has done something right?","I think that the proof of the pudding is in the eating. And in Syria, you saw Assad fear an American strike and make a deal that he probably would not have made otherwise. In Iran, you see after four years of Obama's threats, and more than the threats to use military force, or the threat to keep the option of force on the table, you have four years of very, very hard edge sanctions imposed by the about administration on Iran.","And so, I think that they're taking Obama fairly seriously. We'll see what happens down the road, if they continue to take it seriously. But the credibility issue is not quite, at the moment at least, what some people thought it would be.","Jeffrey Goldberg who writes for The Atlantic, The New Yorker, and Bloomberg among other publications, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning is that the Obama administration's efforts of threatening military force and imposing economic sanctions have been successful in making Iran take the US seriously.","questions":"Which administration's efforts have been successful in making Iran take the US seriously?","answer":"Obama"}
{"text":["So this is the story. In Islam, you can't remove a picture which has a cross in it. That was my wife's understanding. She - that's what she gave me to understand. And she said, don't ever remove this. And then this restaurant became very lucky for us. We - from being hand to mouth, we became self-sufficient. So this proved to be a lucky painting. Plus, this was a colorful painting, and this was all we could afford at the time. So we want to keep it, and we want to keep that cross as long as I'm alive and kicking.","It's a sign of how so many communities have built Houston into what it is today - influencing each other, melding into something unique. Lashkari has applied that to the dishes he serves. His signature chicken curry, cooked in huge metal pots in his sweltering, fragrant kitchen, is made with Mexican tomatillos and cilantro. It's incredibly delicious. And we ate that along with the best saag paneer, a spinach and cheese dish, that I have ever tasted.","We do a lot of fusion right now. This restaurant is famous for its fried chicken. It's fried the Southern way, but it's - the chicken - the raw chicken is marinated with Indian spices. My white gravy is made with cashew nuts and almonds and coconut. So it looks like a white gravy of the chicken-fried steak, but it's totally different.","So Pakistani and Indian food with deep Texas roots.","Yeah, yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"So Pakistani and Indian food with deep Texas roots.\" - This turn is literal in meaning because it accurately describes the cultural influences on the food.","questions":"What type of food has deep Texas roots?","answer":"Cuisine"}
{"text":["Do not worry about that.","It's so hard to, like, finally put yourself in a place where you're ready to tell the world and then to feel like any justice that you would have gotten out of that has been robbed from you.","Do you think something can be done now?Is there something you want to see done now that would help you feel that justice has been done?","I don't know. People keep asking me that, and I keep going back and forth 'cause one minute, I'm like, no, there is no justice. My justice was - I needed him to hear what I had to say, and I'm never going to get that. But then there's part of me that's like, no, I'm going after this like a dragon, and I will find justice somehow."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Going after this like a dragon\" implies aggressiveness and powerful action.","questions":"How did PersonA describe their pursuit for justice?","answer":"Aggressively"}
{"text":["Let me just unpack that. SIT: sexually transmitted infection?","Yes.","That's - okay. So, you've got a lot of diversity in the book, people of all races. Did you make a choice as to how to portray not just body size diversity of issue diversity, but also racial diversity?","Well, absolutely. I think that it's very important for a variety of reasons. Number one: Women need to be able to see themselves in print. So I made sure to include Asian women, Indian women, black, Hispanic women, white women, all shapes and sizes and all different types of bodies - not just super skinny, not just very large, but everybody in between: flat butts, big butts, big boobs, little boobs. . .","Everything's in \"Body Drama. \"And I did that because we want to see ourselves, but we're also really curious about what other people look like. And it's that information and acknowledgement that can really help us get over our own body drama, by seeing, oh, wow - I hear this from all the girls who look at the book. Oh, okay. My boobs aren't that bad after all.","And I'd take that to mean that women are sitting around looking in the mirror and then looking at the airbrushed magazines and looking at the surgically enhanced pornography. And when you see actual, real representations of bumpy nipples, of large areola, of imperfect sizes, where one is bigger than the other, then you can look in the mirror and say, all right. Well, actually, I am normal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B: Let me just unpack that.  Actual meaning: Let me clarify what you mean. Literal meaning: Let me take something out of a suitcase or package.","questions":"What did PersonA include in the book to ensure women could see themselves in print?","answer":"Diversity"}
{"text":["Well, I'm not sure I can say what is enough. I do know that the Census Bureau has a unique feature to its budget in that it goes up and down in a 10-year cycle. And about this time every decade, this is an issue as the ramp up begins.","So you need to spend more the closer you get to actually counting people?","Absolutely. In the 2010 census that I was involved in, at one point, there were 600,000 employees of the Census Bureau knocking on doors around the country to follow up those who didn't respond on their own.","Well, what would the risks be of a census that is not done well?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The closer it gets to the census, more money needs to be spent","questions":"How does the Census Bureau's budget change in relation to the census?","answer":"Up-and-down"}
{"text":["What kind of inspiration did it take to make you into a poet?Who did you read?When did you start reading, or did someone read to you as a child that made you love poetry?","I started reading at the age of three, and I like to think that it's because of my parents, who were working-class people, who only had - both my mother and father only graduated from the eighth grade. So that they read, and they read a lot. And put their arms around me while they read. And I'm convinced that that has a lot to do with getting you to understand how to read. I would look at their mouths and I'd look at the page, and somehow, I figured it out. Then I tortured everybody by reading every sign, everything, which I still do.","So if you had to name a few other people, and I'm sure there'd be a long list. But just one or two people who you love.","Gwendolyn Brooks, Langston Hughes, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Kenneth Rexroth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker's parents' love of reading played a crucial role in their development as a poet.","questions":"What was the role of the PersonA's parents in their development as a poet?","answer":"Crucial"}
{"text":["Yeah.","And, you know, that's OK.  We don't have to approve of every facet of an artist's life to find their work interesting or significant, but the context does change.","What does that mean for us as viewers?Does it mean that we should stop watching these movies?","Everybody has to make their own choice in that regard. But for me, I look at these things in a purely selfish way, like as a viewer, which is how much extra dramatic information is getting in the way of my enjoying this work. And am I really thinking about the work when I watch it?Or am I thinking about the person who made it and disliking them or just being upset about them in some way?And if the answer's the latter, I probably don't want to watch that anymore.","I want to look at Louis C. K. , in particular. You know, his comedy, actually, was often celebrated because it seemed to address men and their foibles. What did you think of his comedy?And what do you think now?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"I look at these things in a purely selfish way\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker evaluates art based on how it affects their own enjoyment. The actual meaning is that the speaker considers how the artist's personal life may impact their ability to enjoy the art, but ultimately leaves the decision up to the individual viewer.","questions":"What is the PersonA's evaluation of art based on?","answer":"Enjoyment"}
{"text":[". . . dominated by one single country.","And this in the context of several deals to construct dams with the power going to China, constructed by Chinese companies and virtually Chinese sovereign states that were constructed to accommodate the workers for these facilities.","Yeah. And this is the way that Chinese work all over the region, and then that's why a lot of countries in the region are fearful to Chinese. They're very generous with their loans. Most of the loans don't require any payback. But they send in their own workers to construct the projects, and then obviously, most of the benefits go back to the Chinese. You see that all over in Southeast Asia.","We're talking with Michael Sullivan, the long-time Southeast Asia correspondent for NPR News, now, a freelance reporter based in Northern Thailand and recently returned from another trip to Myanmar, the country also known as Burma. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. And one of the changes, Michael, I have to ask you about censorship in Burma; tightly controlled media for many, many years or decades. Has that begun to loosen up?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) suggests that the government of Myanmar has started to relax its restrictions on the media.","questions":"What does turn 3 suggest about media restrictions in Myanmar?","answer":"Myanmar"}
{"text":["I've always felt like with Britain that there was always a kind of low-grade racism that one experienced almost on a daily basis. Like, in America, you feel it's a much bigger convulsion. And the society is kind of reckoning with it in a more sincere but more troubled way. In England, it was always very light, you know?So it was - you'd come in and the guys on the walkie-talkie would be like, ah, you're the Indian fellow who's going with Gabriella. And it was like - so like. . .","A limerick.","Yeah. The first line of a limerick. But obviously, there was an implication because at that point, there was no one of my shape and size and color around, you know?So it was definitely there.","You focus in this piece on Princess Michael of Kent, who recently, of course, caused controversy when she wore a blackamoor brooch when she met Meghan Markle, who is biracial. And you say that that isn't surprising that she would have done something like that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The remark had racial undertones because of his skin color","questions":"Which remark had racial undertones?","answer":"Walkie-talkie"}
{"text":["What is - let's start with this. What is your personal collection to the work and the images in this book?","Well, to me this was a labor of love. I've been living in the U. S. I came back to England. It's my homeland. I came back to London, my home city, and I felt that the culture of the young black people in particular here were suffering from a kind of deficit, historically speaking.","There were younger people in my neighborhood who were bereft of history, who took their idea of themselves from watching their kind of generic hip-hop video material that they got from the video screen rather than really inquiring into the particular history and experience of our communities in this country.","As I looked at the book, I was trying to find a theme, and I don't know if I found one or not. What was, in your view, the major trends or themes that you saw unfolding over the century that are depicted in these photographs?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : None of the words in turn (1) have a different meaning from their literal meanings.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue suggests that the PersonA's personal collection has nothing to do with the literal meanings of the words used in turn (1)?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["You still give, I gather, motivational speeches and make appearances, don't you?","I do.","What do you say?","People do have to fight and fight hard to get through adversity. And I'm certainly one that's been through a lot in the last two or three years. And I sort of have a Ph. D.  on it right now. And - but I am very upbeat, very positive about the future.","I've got to ask you about one of your former assistants. Andre McGee paid for a woman named Katina Powell to bring in paid escorts for potential Louisville recruits and players between 2010 and 2014. You say in the book this was news to you.","Well, it was news to everyone. It was news to these other - the full-time assistant coaches. That being said, they were women that would look like college kids. They were snuck through a side door mostly. They dressed like college girls. Security didn't see anything out of the ordinary."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"People do have to fight and fight hard to get through adversity. And I'm certainly one that's been through a lot in the last two or three years. And I sort of have a Ph.D. on it right now. And - but I am very upbeat, very positive about the future.\"  The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not talking about an actual Ph.D. degree, but rather a metaphorical degree gained through personal experience.","questions":"Which degree did the speaker gain through personal experience?","answer":"Metaphorical"}
{"text":["And there are a lot of road riders or mountain bikers or anyone who is more of an enthusiast - they're paying $2,000, $3,000, $4,000 for a bike, and that same percentage price increase will apply to them as well. The bike doesn't get any cheaper because of the tariffs or the kind of bike riding you like to do. So bike prices will probably go up, you know, $1,000 on a $4,000 bike.","How soon do you think that this impact will be felt?","I think it'll be felt by the end of the summer. So anything that's manufactured and delivered after June 1 will cost more to import into the U. S.  And so that price will be seen in these mom and pop shops that rely on sometimes a shrinking consumer base to sell their products to.","And if the price goes up to that degree, what effect is this going to have on these shops?","Well, a bicycle isn't like a gallon of milk, you know?The demand can fluctuate. And so the demand for bicycles will probably go down. We're seeing bike shops close because in some areas, the demand for bicycling is going down. And this is a huge blow if you consider anyone having to sell bikes 25% to 50% increase in price."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"A bicycle isn't like a gallon of milk, you know? The demand can fluctuate.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that the demand for a bicycle can fluctuate, unlike the demand for a gallon of milk. The actual meaning is that the demand for bicycles may decrease due to the increase in prices, and it will not remain constant like the demand for a gallon of milk.","questions":"How can the demand for a bicycle be different from that of a gallon of milk?","answer":"Fluctuate"}
{"text":["So, I'm a little concern about that, especially with the amount of technology connections that they have made through this campaign, and the amount of donors that they've received through online mechanisms. So it's going to be interesting to see how this plays out. But, clearly somebody is going to want that data Farai. There's no way out that the Democratic. . .","Don't let Sascha get a hold of the mass email list. And you know, start asking for Christmas presents or something.","Let me tell you, somebody in the Democratic Party. . .","I'm glad you clarified that. Somebody in the Democratic Party is definitely saying, hmm, that's a gold mine of data sitting right there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A gold mine implies that the amount is a lot and it has value to the people that want it","questions":"What does the term \"gold mine\" imply?","answer":"Valuable"}
{"text":["So what happened to the smell?Why doesn't the world smell like rotten eggs today?","Well, it's true that these bacteria are still active, and of course if you pass a blocked drain or something like that, you can see that smell, and it's exactly the same activity going on. Bacteria are eating other things, eating algae, eating other bacteria. And the reason you don't smell it is because the creatures that were living at the surface, the fossils that we first saw, were producing oxygen by photosynthesis.","And that oxygen has now built up to such a level that it destroys the hydrogen sulfide. So it doesn't normally get up into the atmosphere. You don't notice it very much. So that's probably the reason, really - there's too much oxygen, or it's being consumed by other kinds of bacteria a little bit further up the food chain.","Do we humans have similar bacteria living in our guts?We talk a lot about the human biome a lot on this program."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : smell like rotten eggs is about bacteria smell","questions":"What is the reason for the world not smelling like rotten eggs today?","answer":"Oxygen"}
{"text":["Why change the law to assure social benefits will go to people, regardless of immigration status?","Immigrants contribute to our country economically. Immigrants pay taxes. And when we begin to unify our systems, I think that we will get more cohesive immigration policy, economic policy, political policy. I think that there's a political argument, an economic argument, a moral argument, for doing so. And I think it sends a message that if you contribute to our society, you should benefit from our society.","Now you're correct that immigrants pay taxes, and even people who are here without legal status often end up paying taxes. And yet, you can see the objection to that. Why should someone who is here illegally be able to claim Medicare, to claim Social Security, who knows what else?","Well, I mean, why should a billionaire who evades taxes collect Social Security, too?I think that what we can do is we can tighten up our systems and increase accountability. But what this says is that we will not discriminate solely based on immigration status."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : We need shift focus to stop the people who are scamming the system and not discriminate against honest people because they are immigrants.","questions":"How should we address those who scam the system while avoiding discrimination against immigrants?","answer":"Accountability"}
{"text":["This is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED from NPR News. I'm Michel Martin. We're starting the program today with Steve Bullock. If the name is not familiar, he hopes it will be soon. He is the governor of Montana. And last week, he joined the 21 other Democrats plus one independent who want to take on President Trump in 2020. And Governor Bullock is with us today in our studios in Washington, D. C.","Welcome. Thank you so much for coming.","It's great to be with you, Michel.","So there's the substance of your message, and then there's the politics. So why don't we take the substance first?What's your elevator pitch to voters?What have you accomplished in Montana that you think you can take nationwide?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Welcome.Thank you so much for coming.\" - The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning. The intended meaning is a genuine welcome and appreciation for the guest's presence.","questions":"What is the name of the person being interviewed in the dialogue?","answer":"Steve"}
{"text":["I have been late. Now I'm right on time. And I make mistakes, but at least they're mine. I'd sign my life away on a dotted line Just to get the love I deserve. . .","That's News & Notes. Glad you could join us. Nicole Childers, Christabel Nsiah-Buadi and Geoffrey Bennett produced the show. Sasa Woodruff is the editor. Sonata Lee Narcisse directs. The technical director is Sherene Strausberg. Marcia Caldwell and Shawn Corey Campbell are our drive engineers. The News & Notes staff includes Roy Hurst, Geoffrey Gardner, Devin Robins, Zachary Slobig, Joanne Griffith, Drew Tewkesbury, Allison Samuels and Jim Wallace. To listen to the show or subscribe to the podcast, visit our Web site, nprnewsandnotes. org. To join the conversation or sign up for the newsletter, visit our blog at nprnewsandviews. org. News & Notes was created by NPR News and the African-American Public Radio Consortium. On Monday, short on cash these days?Well, what if your neighborhood got together and started printing its own money?It's already happening. We'll look at the spread of customized community currency.","(Singing) Growing up too fast. I have the best friends you could ever have, But I don't know what I got 'til it's gone. . .","Because I lose every single game I play 'Cause I'm a slave to my distractions. I climb a mountain for every mess I make, But can't get no satisfaction."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is not actually talking about being late or making mistakes, but rather about deserving love.","questions":"Which word in turn 0 of the dialogue reveals that PersonA is talking about deserving love, rather than being late or making mistakes?","answer":"Deserving"}
{"text":["That's why things spin, hurricanes and. . .","Yeah. . .",". . . spin in one direction.",". . . why everything spins. And it has to do with the fact that the Earth is rotating. So it's a physics problem.","So tell us, describe. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn 4: \"it's a physics problem\" is used figuratively to mean that the reason for everything spinning is related to the laws of physics, whereas its literal meaning is that it's a problem related to the field of physics.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of \"it's a physics problem\" in turn 4?","answer":"related"}
{"text":["Well, there's no secret about this. The chief justice has been very clear. He doesn't want the court to be seen as a partisan institution. The other members of the court, both liberal and conservative, go around saying that this isn't a partisan institution at all. That's the message they want to convey, which is sort of hard at the moment.","But is that possible in this day and age, when we know by their - in their own account, conservative Republicans have tried to win elections so they can win Supreme Court appointments and you have several Democrats running for president now on the issue of enlarging the court?","You know, I wish I knew whether it's even possible anymore to have a Supreme Court that doesn't look partisan. I had always thought you really could. But if you look at the two cases before the court that are overtly partisan, the gerrymandering case and the census case, both would structurally allow Republicans to entrench their power even more than they have in the last decade or two. And I think it gets harder to sell the court as an apolitical institution, which is, as I said, what every member of the Supreme Court still tries to do.","You know, I interviewed Justice Stevens about a month and a half ago for a piece about his new book. And even he, a lifetime Republican, although deemed a Liberal on the court, appointed by President Ford, said it was hard for him to see the current court as apolitical. He said he still has hope, and so do I, but it's difficult."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's getting harder to make people believe that the Supreme Court is not political.","questions":"What is the message that the other members of the court want to convey?","answer":"Apolitical"}
{"text":["From NPR News, it's Day to Day. A trip to the grocery store is not going to get any cheaper anytime soon. The Agricultural Department now forecasts a four to five percent increase in food prices next year. That is in addition to a five to six percent increase this year. Joining us now is John Dimsdale from Marketplace. John, how unusual is it for food prices to rise so fast?","Yeah, well, food inflation this year is the worst it's been in 20 years. Usually, you know, food prices go up in the 2 or 3 percentage range every year, but we're looking at some very dramatic increases this year, especially when you look at specific foods. Eggs, for example, are up 14 percent this year according to the Ag Department, cereals and baked goods almost 10 percent, dairy products too, fruits and vegetables, they're all up in the 5 or 6 percent range this year.","Breakfast is going to be a serious problem.","Usually, when we hear about these increases in food costs, energy costs, weather problems are the ones to blame. But haven't those problems gotten somewhat better lately?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Breakfast is going to be a serious problem","questions":"Which meal is going to cause trouble according to B?","answer":"Breakfast"}
{"text":["Several of them. I mean, Espanola had only 14 individuals left in the 1960s, and then it was 12 females and two males. A third male was found in the San Diego Zoo and brought back to Galapagos (unintelligible) 1975. And there have now been about 2,000 young tortoises released back to that island through the reproduction program at the tortoise center here on Santa Cruz.","The same holds true for several of the other populations. I would say many of the populations are out of danger. But we're still, given the exploitation from the 1800s, the total tortoise population of Galapagos is still about 10 to 20 percent of the original population. So we have a long way to go to bring them back to the original populations.","A couple of questions tweeted and asked by listeners of the same ilk, saying: Would it be possible to clone him?","OK, this is an interesting thing, and we are trying to save some of Lonesome George's tissues, cells. Cloning in reptiles has really not been developed at all, and we're doing - a few mammals seem to be doing OK, but in general the technology, the methodology to actually clone reptiles is decades away.","So hopefully they will be able to maintain cells as in cryogenics, and who knows in the future, but at the moment, it would be impossible."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"out of danger\" - This implies that the populations of the tortoises are no longer threatened or endangered, rather than just not in immediate danger.","questions":"What phrase describes the current state of the tortoise populations?","answer":"Safe"}
{"text":["This ful has more texture. And each ingredient, especially the bits of garlic, really hits the tongue. Helou says this is her favorite ful. And while she was in Syria, she became a regular at Haj Abdo's cafe. Abdo eventually moved to Cairo to escape the Syrian civil war. Helou tried to find him and reconnect.","Well, I asked around because he set up his ful stall there - cafe there. And by the time I found somebody who knew where he was, he had passed.","Well, his recipe lives in your cookbook. That's for sure.","Yeah. It's one of those meals that is basically a pauper's meal but that is absolutely delicious and irresistible."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Despite being a simple and cheap meal, ful is delicious and irresistible","questions":"What is the meal that is both cheap and irresistible?","answer":"Ful"}
{"text":["The inspector general also alleges that lucrative government contracts were given to friends and former colleagues of the bureau. And this isn't the first criticism by the inspector general of the Minerals Management office. Last year, that office was accused of making mistakes in the royalties that calculated for the industry. It saved companies more than 10 billion dollars. So, at the very least, this latest investigation gives ammunition to the people who say that the Bush administration is too close to the oil and gas industry.","And so, this directly affects taxpayers and consumers?","Well, you know, the head of the Minerals Management Agency says, no, that the agency has been collecting the proper amount of royalties, but the report says some oil companies were allowed to revise their payments downward after their contracts were finalized. And outsiders have to wonder why would the industry be giving gifts to employees of this agency, if they didn't want something in return?","OK. Still on oil, another story. OPEC announced it will be cutting production. What does that mean?","Well, they do want to cut production to keep the price high, but you know, Saudi Arabia said today that it isn't necessarily going to stick to those quotas and produce what the cartel imposed late on Tuesday. So, the prospect that Saudi Arabia might continue to crank out high levels of crude is pushing oil prices down, even as Hurricane Ike barrels down on the Gulf of Mexico."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Minerals Management office made errors in calculating royalties for the industry which saved companies over 10 billion dollars.","questions":"How much money did the Minerals Management office save companies?","answer":"10"}
{"text":["Let me ask you about what are called battleground states in this coming election. I'll rattle off Florida, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Is there early voting there?Will people take advantage of it?","Absolutely. Florida - it'll be - approximately 40 percent of the ballots will come in early, perhaps a higher number. Half of those will come in early in person. Ohio also has a lot of early voting. Pennsylvania - no. Pennsylvania still only allows for excuse-required absentee balloting. So in Pennsylvania, they still wait until Election Day.","And, Scott, this is going to change the dynamics in those states so that you will expect to see early rallies timed when the early voting period opens up, likely in Florida, Ohio, North Carolina. The candidates' travel schedule will reflect this because they want to follow up that kind of enthusiasm and get people to the polls right away.","And are more people voting early now not because they have to but because they just want to?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker is implying that more people are choosing to vote early, not because they have to, but because they want to.","questions":"What is the reason behind the increase in early voting?","answer":"Desire"}
{"text":["In diapers, exactly. But the London police haven't quite given the final say-so on that yet. But, you know, there will be a lot of protests. That may upset the president. It's controversial, but the government insists, and the diplomats insist, that he's a vital part of nurturing a special relationship, which they insist is very good for the U. K.","Because he's not only going, he's getting literally the royal treatment.","Yeah. I mean, this is as good as it gets if you're a head of state coming to the U. K. It is bells and whistles. It's pomp and circumstance. It's a banquet at Buckingham Palace, although that seems to be being boycotted by Meghan Markle, the Duchess of Sussex, also by Jeremy Corbyn, the leader of the - of Her Majesty's Opposition, and Vince Cable, the leader of the Liberal Democrats.","But I don't think that's going to take the gloss off it too much for Donald Trump. He's someone who has made it very clear this is what he wants, and we're expecting him to look like he's lapping it up."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Royal treatment means that he is being treated very kindly.","questions":"Which phrase describes the treatment Donald Trump is receiving during his visit to the U.K.?","answer":"Kindly"}
{"text":["Well, I think everybody knew something was coming. I did not have specific knowledge of the timing or the nature of the strike. But - so there may have been notification to the speaker and the majority leader but not to Congress generally.","Do you feel that Congress should have had a chance to weigh in?","I think it's very important to distinguish what the strike was and what it wasn't. It was specifically narrowly focused on chemical weapons and chemical weapons production. That's been out of bounds in military years for over a hundred years with a few exceptions. Had it been a more general strike on the Assad regime, an attempt to change the calculus in the civil war, I believe that would have definitely required congressional approval. But I think the narrow strike to maintain the principle that countries around the world have recognized for so long that chemical weapons are out of bounds, I don't think that was a case where congressional approval was necessary in advance. But had it been a different kind of strike with broader implications, I'm one of those - along with a group of others in the Senate - who strongly believe there needs to be congressional approval.","Well, let me ask - I assume the president would have won that vote, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Out of bounds implies it's not allowed to happen","questions":"What was the focus of the strike?","answer":"Chemical"}
{"text":["I stopped the clocks because, A - my contract was running out, and, yes, I am eligible for retirement 'cause I'm 72 now. But the hand-wound ones, they're big cast iron weights. If the weights, when they run out, fell over, it would take three men to reconnect all the wires going through the pulleys and things, so it was on a safety grounds that I stopped them.","Why did you stop both hands at 12?","Well, I stopped them at 12 o'clock because every time I get a clock on my working license, and my father-in-law before me, people seem to think, oh, that clock is at 12 o'clock. And they look at their watch or something, and they'll say, oh, it's stopped. Whereas if I left it at any time, they don't seem to pick it up quick enough.","Well, Mr.  Mitchell, may I ask, are there a lot of other people doing a job like yours or is that number dwindling these days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"every time I get a clock on my working license [...] they'll say, oh, it's stopped.\" The literal meaning of \"it's stopped\" is that the clock is no longer measuring time. However, the actual meaning is that people mistakenly assume that the clock is stopped because it is set to 12 o'clock.","questions":"Which assumption do people make about the clock that Mr. Mitchell receives on his working license?","answer":"Stopped"}
{"text":["Now, going back to the delegate question. Mitt Romney had a significant number of delegates. What happens to his delegates on the Republican side?Who gets to choose what pile they get thrown in?","He had 282 pledged delegates when he got out of the race last Thursday, bowing out to John McCain. But he did not actually totally 100 percent leave the campaign. He suspended his campaign, which means he's no longer really contesting John McCain's nomination. But if something should happen, some untoward event were to really alter the course of things, in the next couple of weeks or months or as we get closer to the convention, if something happened to John McCain and Mitt Romney wanted to get back into the fray, he's still holding on to that cash of delegates, which is at this point still the second largest. He's still a little bit ahead Mike Huckabee, even though Huckabee had a pretty good weekend out there.","So Mitt Romney's hanging onto those delegates for now. In the end we expect there will not be a big fight for the nomination at the convention and all the delegates will make it unanimous for John McCain, except those few who might choose to cast a kind of protest vote.","All right. Well, Ron, thanks again."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mitt Romney has suspended his campaign, which means he is still technically in the race and has not fully withdrawn. (3) - All the delegates are expected to vote for John McCain at the convention, but a few may choose to cast a vote of protest.","questions":"How did Mitt Romney leave the campaign?","answer":"Suspended"}
{"text":["This report also looked at who could possibly pose this sort of threat, where they're based. What were the findings there?","Al-Qaeda is probably still the lead terrorist group. There are others, as we're seeing, or could be seeing, in India right now. Some of them are regional in nature, but the problem is that these terrorists all have organizationally the sophistication to get the technology to use one of these weapons. And we know that they have the desire to do it.","Now, we don't think they have the capability yet, but they have the sophistication to get it. And it terms of bio, if they recruit the right, you know, bio scientist or two, they get the technical capability.","Do the recent bombings last week in Mumbai add any weight to this report?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Al-Qaeda is the most likely terrorist group to use weapons, but there are others with organization and desire.","questions":"Which terrorist group is most likely to use weapons?","answer":"Likely"}
{"text":["Did you hear anything from President Obama or Speaker Boehner that screams deal to you?","As is true of so much of life, the great philosopher Yogi Berra said it best: It's deja vu all over again. This problem is what caused the debt crisis last year, with the president and his supporters saying you have to increase tax rates on the wealthy and the House Republicans saying you cannot raise tax rates on the wealthy and you have to close loopholes. If they don't figure out a way around this, we are going to have the same kind of nail-biting fight that we had last year, which resulted basically in them kicking the can and creating the fiscal cliff.","Yeah. Well, do you see room for compromise there. I mean, if you were carving the pie?","Well, here is the problem. The professor who spoke to Ari just before said that if you close loopholes on the wealthy you would collect more tax revenue. That is true. But if you're serious about closing the deficit, that is not enough. It just isn't. It doesn't create enough revenue. And that's where the Democrats have fundamentally been saying if you don't raise rates, then everything else is pointless, because it'll all be on the margins. And that's the problem."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"Do you see room for compromise there\" - This phrase implies that there is potential for the two sides to come to an agreement.","questions":"How does turn 2 imply the potential for agreement?","answer":"Potential"}
{"text":["All right. A lot to discuss, I think. What do you make of the president's reaction to this book, from the press conference to Twitter to a cease-and-desist order to the book's publisher?","Well, I'll say it's classic Trump in that it is probably self-destructive - certainly not in the president and the White House's best interest to do so - but also entirely predictable. This is a man who has sort of built his entire public career around being involved in media spats like this. I think it was a - it was certainly a mistake initially for the president to issue a statement, as he did on Wednesday when these excerpts first started coming out.","Now the White House is trying to say - basically, since that very moment - saying that the book is tabloid trash, that there are a lot of problems. And I agree. There are a lot of problems with the credibility of the book. But that initial reaction and the engagement with the book has, I think, made this story even bigger than it already would have been.","And the book a best-seller. I mean, you know. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president's reaction is self-destructive, but predictable due to his past involvement in media spats.","questions":"Which characteristic best describes the president's behavior towards media spats?","answer":"Predictable"}
{"text":["The schemes that Vee and Noel eventually come up with - they begin collecting for the Dunkirk Widows and Orphans Fund. . .","That's right.",". . . Which is their own pockets. They're illegal, but were they wrong?","That's the whole dilemma. It's wrong, but Noel decides it is a lesser wrong than a crime he stumbles upon later in the book because it hurts no one. And it's this distinction between legally wrong and morally wrong which sets the whole plot on course in the second half when Vee and Noel come across someone who really is causing pain and trouble to other people by their illegal activities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : their own pockets implies that they were collecting money for themselves","questions":"How were Vee and Noel's schemes funded?","answer":"Pockets"}
{"text":["After Army Private First Class Brian Orolin returned from Afghanistan in 2011, his wife, Donna, could tell something wasn't quite right. He became paranoid. He suffered constant headaches and would isolate himself in his bedroom with the lights dimmed. And then on November 19, Brian left his wife and two children in Spring, Texas. He has been missing ever since.","At StoryCorps, Donna Orolin remembered the day he returned from Afghanistan.","He was literally the last person off the plane, and he was just so excited to see his daughters. I dressed the girls up and put little bows in their hair with his unit on them. And I put a sign out front that said welcome home, Specialist Orolin. He just couldn't wait to be dad - husband again, but then, things were different.","We used to hold hands all the time before he left. When he came back, he didn't like to be touched, so I had to remind myself to not rub his back, not sneak up behind him and give him hugs. And pretty much his sense of purpose was gone. He would say that he was just going to go away somewhere some day and disappear, and we'd never find him."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : implies Donna was trying to make Brian feel special by dressing the girls up and making a sign, but Brian was still not the same;","questions":"Which family member was missing since November 19?","answer":"Brian"}
{"text":["From NPR News, this is Day to Day. The ethics problem at the Interior Department continues to unfold, specifically in the little-known but powerful Minerals Management Service. The Interior Department's watchdog reports that employees in that division accepted gifts, they steered government contracts to friends, and they had sexual relations with oil and gas-company representatives. Joining us now is John Dimsdale from Marketplace, and John, first, what is the Minerals Management Service?I hadn't heard of it until yesterday.","Well, it's responsible for collecting royalty revenues from companies that extract oil and other minerals from federal property. And last year, they collected 11 billion dollars from the oil and gas industry. So, it's a big source of revenue. In fact, sometimes Minerals Management is the second largest source of income for the federal government, second only to the IRS. And remember, this scandal comes just as Congress is debating whether to allow more oil drilling, especially on the Outer Continental Shelf under the ocean.","That's right. So, let's go into the details of this scandal. What did the Interior Department's inspector general find?","Well, this report makes it sound like a very dysfunctional place. It alleges cocaine and marijuana use, and even promiscuous sex between government employees and the industry that they oversee. The inspector general says the relationship between the industry and the revenue collectors is supposed to be at arm's length, but most of the oil-company people that investigators talked to said they bought meals or drinks, entertainment, for government employees."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"they collected 11 billion dollars from the oil and gas industry\" - literal meaning: the money was physically collected, figurative meaning: the money was earned or received from the industry.","questions":"Which industry contributed 11 billion dollars?","answer":"Oil"}
{"text":["Scott, I've never seen anything like this really in China. I've been in and out of here for close to 20 years. And so I was talking to this low-level manager, and he said officials here were getting kickbacks to approve coal mines and other businesses.","Yeah.","They were using shell companies to invest. So what they were basically doing was - they don't really care about the real economy. They were just looking for ways to profit. And so you sort of see this breakdown in the system where you've got the wrong incentives and corruption is driving a lot of this.","Have you been able to talk to people, Frank?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A \"kickback\" in this case refers to a bribe or some other incentive, no actual physical interaction is happening in reality.","questions":"Which term describes the corrupt activity officials were engaging in to approve coal mines and other businesses?","answer":"Bribe"}
{"text":["That was just - what I did, I picked students that I've had in class before. I'm a business education teacher. So I made sure they were students that really were comfortable with the computer and they could get the information that I needed. So I really just gave them - I rented my classroom out for - actually I did it for two Saturdays. And I had five students come in each time. And I just gave them topics that I wanted questions about. And then I just had one or two of those students verify the information, and then I went back over and I verified it as well.","You've got a company now called Jornic DVD Games. What are your plans in terms of the company?Are you going to try and put out more titles?","Absolutely. After - I'm looking at putting out one more title before the Christmas holiday, but I haven't decided. I'm looking at a couple, but I haven't made a decision yet.","You're still going to teach, and you're going to try to design more games. Are you afraid that, you know, are you afraid of losing your shirt in business?Because you know, there's nothing guaranteed."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A picked students he knew were comfortable with computers to get the information he needed.","questions":"What kind of students did PersonA pick for his project?","answer":"Computer"}
{"text":["What would happen in a civil contempt is that you would basically be trying to hold the attorney general - get a court order that he was in contempt. And the court would have a hearing. And Justice Department would intervene, and they would fight the contempt citation. And then the court would have a ruling. And that's how the process kind of operates theoretically. What normally happens is the court does not like to step into executive legislative disputes, and they will urge both sides to try to accommodate one another. I think it would only be if the court determined that the Justice Department was really in bad faith would they then hold the attorney general in contempt.","Let me ask you this. If this matter does land in court, if litigation is actively pursued, that could take months. It could take years even. And if the goal is to get information from Attorney General William Barr, how is this an effective strategy?Pursuing a contempt case could result in a huge delay, right?","I think the reality is is that the rules of subpoenas right now as we're discussing in many ways work in favor of the executive for the exact reason that you are hinting at in your question, which is they can run the clock. They can probably run the clock on the enforcement question for months, if not years. And they might be able to even run it up to the next election.","Right. So if the White House intends to stonewall, do you think it's even a wise strategy on the part of the Democrats right now to be talking about contempt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The rules of subpoenas work in favor of the executive.","questions":"Which party benefits from the rules of subpoenas?","answer":"Executive"}
{"text":["Not me but we collectively.","We. And then in one place, Philadelphia, I believe, they say yeah mean, which is different.","I thought he played basketball. The Chinese guy, Yao Ming.","Oh, he's - yeah, yeah, yeah.","So it's - I've fallen in love with the phrase. I've fallen in love with the culture, with the people. And just trying to, you know, spread laughter and learn at the same time."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A: \"Spread laughter and learn at the same time\" is an idiomatic expression that means \"to entertain and educate at the same time.\" The literal meaning of \"spread laughter\" would be to physically spread laughter, which is not possible, and the literal meaning of \"learn at the same time\" would be to learn simultaneously with the act of spreading laughter, which may not be practical.","questions":"Which idiom does PersonA use to describe their goal of entertaining and educating simultaneously?","answer":"Spread"}
{"text":["So this didn't happen overnight. Russian agents start making covert research visits to the United States all the way back in 2014. They used that information to then begin these social media accounts about different political issues, and they start gaining momentum, getting hundreds, then thousands, then hundreds of thousands of likes and follows, even gaining legitimacy and reach by getting retweets and engagement from people in President Trump's orbit, people like Kellyanne Conway, Donald Trump Jr. , engaged with this content.","And then you think back to 2016 when these social media companies were basically saying, we don't have much of a role in election interference. And this report really shows that that's not true. This content was seen by as many as 126 million people on Facebook alone.","Now let's talk about the issue of hacking the Democratic National Committee and Hillary Clinton's campaign. What does the report say there?","So this section got really technical, but the report detailed exactly how these Russian agents ended up getting a hold of these emails that ended up on WikiLeaks. It all starts with a phishing campaign. They're able to break into the account of one account holder with the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, and they basically leveraged that access into being able to start exploring the entire Democratic national party network between the DNC and the DCCC."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There are no idiomatic expressions or figurative language in this turn.","questions":"What was the estimated number of people who saw the Russian content on Facebook?","answer":"100,000"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, I don't think they're damaging at all. I think Putin can be quite happy with these results. He had a real problem two years ago after the intervention in Ukraine. Western powers were ignoring and isolating Russia. Obama called the country a regional power. And today, Putin is deciding war and peace in Syria. And, you know, he's being attributed with powers of influencing a U. S.  election. So, in some ways, it makes Russia seem much bigger than it really is.","One thing to keep in mind is that Russians have been told, for some time, that they're at war with the West, not really a shooting war but an information war, sort of a struggle for influence. So there's a widespread perception here that Russia is, itself, the victim of a Western conspiracy. So I think you can say, from the Kremlin's perspective, Russia's just giving the West a taste of its own medicine. More broadly speaking, I think this report really doesn't matter very much here in Moscow. People here are waiting for the inauguration of Donald Trump and nothing else really matters.","NPR's Moscow correspondent Lucian Kim, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : is that the people of Moscow are not paying attention to the report, but rather are more concerned with the inauguration of Donald Trump.","questions":"What is the main focus of the people in Moscow?","answer":"Inauguration"}
{"text":["Indeed, and the longer this regime stays, the bigger this possibility is. I think any solution to the Syrian crisis will have to assure the different communities in Syria, at the top of which are the Alawites of their future in the country. Many Alawites today do not feel that what the Bashar Assad is doing to their country is excusable. At the same time, they are afraid to basically jump the ship and go against him for fear of being, sort of, killed and massacred by the majority Sunnis in the country. And so a political process will have to address the aspirations, the needs, the fears of these different minority communities in Syria.","A political process we've seen very little of. There's nothing going on.","Not much. There is a U. N.  envoy, Mr.  Lakhdar Brahimi, who was both an U. N.  and Arab League envoy, who is trying, you know, to initiate such a process. But given, in my view, the fact that this regime looks at things in Syria as a zero-sum game, there is, indeed, a very little likelihood of the success of the political process.","Marwan Muasher, former foreign minister, deputy prime minister of Jordan, with us from studios at the Carnegie Endowment in Washington. Thanks very much for your time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is little progress in the political process of finding a solution to the Syrian crisis.","questions":"How would you describe the progress of the political process in Syria?","answer":"Little."}
{"text":["I'm Tony Cox, and this is News & Notes. Ending a relationship is never easy. The person breaking up often tries to use words to soften the blow. I'm not ready to be in a committed relationship or it's not you, it's me. And the person being dumped is left trying to figure out just where things went wrong. A year ago, author Rachel Skerritt decided that she wanted to get to the bottom of all of her ex-boyfriends' vague explanations for ending their relationships. So, she called the men in her past and asked them to tell her exactly why they stopped wanting to be with her. Rachel joins me now. Welcome to News & Notes, Rachel.","Thanks, Tony.","Rachel, why in the world would you want to know this?","Well, I'm a tough cookie. I should say that first off, but I'm also a writer and the idea came to me after that whole \"He's Just Not That Into You\" phenomenon, the book not the movie. And a lot of my friends were reading it as if they had found, you know, the answers to everything. Oh, he's just not that into me, that explains it. But there was this whole missing why piece, why not. And as you said, guys seem trained to give these stock answers so as not to hurt feelings, but I really wanted the real deal. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Tough cookie is not literal. She is not a cookie. She is suggesting that she is strong enough to take criticism from others.","questions":"How does Rachel describe herself in the conversation?","answer":"tough"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News and Notes. If a child commits a crime, even a serious one, should they go through the same justice system, and pay the same price as an adult?That's just one of a host of issues surrounding juvenile justice. Today is part of our ongoing series on criminal justice.","We look at how kids end up behind bars, and what other options judges have when faced with a young offender. For more, we have Carole Shauffer, executive director of the Youth Law Center. Welcome Carole.","Thank you. Welcome.","So, let's start with a little scenario. There is a 16 year old and his friend, who go into a convenient store. They ask for money. The clerk says no. The friend shoots the clerk. If the 16-year-old is arrested and charged, what are some of the possible paths that the justice system could take, with the person who was not the shooter, but who was part of this crime?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"pay the same price as an adult\" - This is an idiomatic expression meaning to face the same consequences or punishment as an adult.","questions":"What is the meaning of \"pay the same price as an adult\"?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["And both the Republican, Mark Harris, and the Democrat, Dan McCready, have weighed in on these allegations. What have they said?","So McCready went first. He said on Thursday that Harris has bankrolled criminal activity. That's a reference to a Bladen County political operative who pushed people to vote absentee by mail and then allegedly illegally harvested their ballots.","Now wait. When you say harvested, that means, you know, picking them up, opening them and discarding the ones you don't want?","Well, not necessarily. It definitely means that he picked them up from voters, which is illegal in North Carolina. You know, in this state, once you - it's your mail ballot, and you're responsible for getting it to the mailbox or to the Board of Elections. So this operative kind of went and collected them. We don't know exactly what he did with them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : McCready accused Harris of funding criminal activity through a political operative.","questions":"What crime was the political operative accused of committing?","answer":"Illegal"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me, Scott.","Let me begin with what's being called the tarmac summit. Bill Clinton, Attorney General Lynch happened to be at the Phoenix airport at the same time. And Bill Clinton arranged a private meeting, lasted about half an hour, with the attorney general. Your old colleague, David Axelrod, tweeted, quote, \"I take Loretta Lynch and Bill Clinton at their word that their convo in Phoenix didn't touch on probe. But foolish to create such optics. \"How helpful was it for Hillary Clinton, who's so widely seen as untrustworthy, to have her spouse meet with the attorney general while she's under investigation by the Justice Department?","I can't imagine there's one person in America, including in the Clinton campaign, who thinks that was helpful (laughter). But I - look, I think if Bill Clinton had to do it over again he probably wouldn't have walked over to the plane, seeing all the follow-up from the last couple days.","Does it raise a question about what you do with Bill Clinton during the campaign because he is, certainly on the one hand, often called the most talented politician of the modern era. On the other hand, you know, he's got a history of mischief."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implies that Bill Clinton is both a valuable asset and a potential liability to the campaign.","questions":"What is Bill Clinton's potential impact on the campaign?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["So, for instance, in our culture, there's really this idea right now that parenting is stressful, and we're all stressed out. Turns out not all mothers in every culture feel this way.","All right. Convince me.","OK. So a group of researchers have been studying Mayan families for decades because they've been really intrigued by this idea that the kids are so helpful around the house. And they wanted to figure out what the parents were doing to get the kids to be so helpful.","So for one of the stories in this series, I went down to the Yucatan and spent some time with some Mayan families. And right away, I was amazed by these moms. So a lot of them are raising four or five children. They're doing all the housework. They help out with the business, so they're doing work, too. And they totally didn't seem stressed. And I actually asked them, do you think being a mother is stressful?And the first woman, like, looked at me like I was an alien. She was like, what?Why would mothering be stressful?And I was like, oh, my gosh. Tell me your secrets (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : She looked at him like he was very strange and unknown to her.","questions":"What was the woman's reaction to the question about motherhood stress?","answer":"Strange"}
{"text":["I want to talk about government response, first from President Nicolas Maduro, but also from Venezuela's opposition leader, Juan Guaido.","Well, Maduro's representative in Geneva has called it biased and incomprehensible, this report. But at the same time, the U. N. 's saying the Maduro government yesterday agreed to release 22 prisoners, including two pretty high-profile detainees at the request of Michelle Bachelet, the U. N.  high commissioner for human rights, who's the author of this report. Bachelet does seem to hold out hope of working with the Maduro government because it's allowed her organization for the first time in years to open an office in Venezuela, though we really don't know whether that will lead to anything.","As for the opposition, there've been demonstrations today in Venezuela which were originally about the death in custody of a naval captain. But the U. N.  report is very much also a theme. And Juan Guaido, leader of the opposition, has been talking to a crowd in Caracas, saying that the U. N.  has laid out what he's been saying for a long time now, which is that the Maduro government is a dictatorship.","That's NPR's Philip Reeves speaking from his base in Rio de Janeiro. Philip, thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Maduro government's release of prisoners is an attempt to improve its image","questions":"What was the U.N. high commissioner for human rights' name who requested the release of prisoners from the Maduro government?","answer":"Michelle"}
{"text":["Forty gigabytes. OK, so you're - I mean, you're doing pretty good. I mean, the average person actually carries around 1,700 songs. I had no idea, I don't carry that many songs with me.","Yeah, I have a lot.","And this is just some - so they launched this in back in 2003. I don't know how - you know, in Internet time, you start to forget how soon these things were launched, but it's been less than about - a little over five years and over 8 - 5 billion songs. They have over 8million tracks, and I did the math on this, it's what?It's 2. 6 million songs every day that they've sold, 2. 6 since iTunes started - million.","So we have to wrap up but before we let you go, does this mean that the essential question of, is the music industry going to die, is resolved?Meaning, that people will pay for music, they're just going to pay for it online, or is that whole question of revenue for the music industry still very present?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Despite the relatively short period since its launch, iTunes has sold a lot of songs.","questions":"How many songs has iTunes sold on average every day since its launch?","answer":"2.6million"}
{"text":["What do people need most right now?","People are getting really frustrated in the area that was hardest hit. We went by a shelter where you've got hundreds of people packed into a school. You know, they have not had any aid that's come in there. You know, food has been cut off. You've got some areas that have been just completely cut off from any access at all, including, you know, cellphone service, so people haven't been able to even communicate.","The needs are absolutely huge. I mean, there's just large swaths of the southwest of this country that were just, sort of, completely crushed by this hurricane. And, you know, it's even kind of hard to even tally what is going to be needed but certainly roofing material so that people can get back into their homes. And there's definitely going to be a need for food and water in these areas.","What are the problems in getting aid to arrive?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People are getting really frustrated in the area that was hardest hit. Implicated meaning: The situation in the area that was hardest hit is causing significant emotional distress and dissatisfaction among people.","questions":"What is the emotional state of people in the area that was hardest hit?","answer":"Distress"}
{"text":["Yeah. This is, again, completely innovative. You know, part of the problem that we have with tall buildings is building them all out of glass and then having to go to gymnastics to kind of cover them up on the outside, and we see that in America. But in intense solar environments like the desert, it makes even less sense.","This is an innovative way to control this. It actually, to my knowledge, for the first time creates this skin on the outside made up of, you know, hundreds of modules, which can open and close by computer control, depending on the angle of incident sun. So if the sun's on the other side of the building, the modules open up and allow natural daylight into the space. And if the sun is incident on the building, then those modules close up and block the sun from entering.","Is what makes a tall building great the ability to actually look like it fits in with the rest of the buildings in the neighborhood or the culture of the people?","I believe so. That's - you know, as a professor, that's the thing that I advocate. I believe that a Chinese tall building or a, you know, an American tall building or a Middle Eastern tall building should be different to each other in the same way that, you know, religious and other architecture is clearly identifiable."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"clearly identifiable\" - This is a figurative expression that means easily recognizable or distinctive, rather than literally being able to be identified with clarity.","questions":"How would you describe the phrase \"clearly identifiable\" in turn 3?","answer":"Recognizable"}
{"text":["I don't know what you would do to keep them from doing it. If they can get in and steal stuff like this, how can they - how could you block the Internet down?I mean, I don't know.","Ronnie Hipshire is a retired coal miner from West Virginia.","Ronnie, thank you for talking with us about this.","Thank you. You have a blessed day."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Thank you.\" - While the words \"thank you\" are often used to express gratitude, in this context it could also be interpreted as a polite way to end the conversation.","questions":"What could the words \"thank you\" in turn 2 be interpreted as, besides expressing gratitude?","answer":"Polite"}
{"text":["Yeah, it's light and it's very dark at the same time, yeah.","Well, that's what you go for or what?","Yeah, you got to have a little bit of - a little bit of an edge, I think.","You have a woman in a classical gown looking out over the sea coast in the moonlight holding a lantern. The caption - night after night she watches the sea, longing for her husband's departure (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Well, that's what you go for or what?\" - This turn is a sarcastic response to the previous statement made by A, rather than a genuine question about A's preferences.","questions":"What is the tone of PersonB's response to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Sarcastic"}
{"text":["This ful has more texture. And each ingredient, especially the bits of garlic, really hits the tongue. Helou says this is her favorite ful. And while she was in Syria, she became a regular at Haj Abdo's cafe. Abdo eventually moved to Cairo to escape the Syrian civil war. Helou tried to find him and reconnect.","Well, I asked around because he set up his ful stall there - cafe there. And by the time I found somebody who knew where he was, he had passed.","Well, his recipe lives in your cookbook. That's for sure.","Yeah. It's one of those meals that is basically a pauper's meal but that is absolutely delicious and irresistible."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Despite being a simple and cheap meal, ful is delicious and irresistible","questions":"Which meal is irresistible despite being a pauper's meal?","answer":"Ful"}
{"text":["Well, I think the water infrastructure we have in this country is seriously neglected. I mean, all infrastructure acts as a foundation for economic prosperity, but water is especially important. It does live in this different world where it's so intrinsic and folks expect that we're going to have clean, fresh water any time you turn on the tap. But given the fact that it's buried, it's literally underground, it's easy to ignore. And while we have large infrastructure problems in this country, the water infrastructure problems loom particularly large.","So we don't see them, perhaps even can't taste them. It's not until they - well, that just makes it easier for problems to hide in a sense.","Exactly. And some of these systems are, you know, were built 100 years ago. Some of the pipes are made out of wood. Some of them were built in the time when metropolitan areas were expanding and decentralizing. And just - we just need to reinvest in these existing systems. But because we don't do a good job in this country investing in the infrastructure that's already built - we do a good job building new stuff - we don't do a good job taking care of what's on the ground. Things like water infrastructure are seriously neglected.","I don't think any city likes to hear - but you have to spend more money."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Water infrastructure is a critical yet underappreciated aspect of our economy and daily lives, and requires more attention and investment.","questions":"How does water infrastructure contribute to economic prosperity?","answer":"Foundation"}
{"text":["In the U. S. , the Federal Reserve decided on Wednesday to wind down its quantitative easing, and keep short-term interest rates near zero. If that last sentence made your head spin, don't worry - there's a computer game for that. Actually, a whole slew of them.","They're games created by central banks, from the ECB in Frankfurt to the Cleveland Federal Reserve. And, as you might tell from that theme music, they are not quite \"Grand Theft Auto. \"Jason Karaian reviewed a few of these games for the online business news outlet Quartz. He joins us from the BBC in London. Mr.  Karaian, thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me.","We heard the theme music to a game I believe is called \"Economia. \""],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"If that last sentence made your head spin, don't worry - there's a computer game for that.\" The literal meaning suggests that if the previous sentence caused confusion or disorientation, there is a computer game specifically designed to address that. The implied meaning is that there are computer games available to help people understand complex financial concepts or economic terms in a more engaging and accessible way.","questions":"Which game helps people understand complex financial concepts or economic terms in a more engaging and accessible way?","answer":"Economia"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely, absolutely. And I think that before Manny was traded, you say that C. C. was the hands-on favorite, but man, I think the impact that Manny has made on what was a moribund Dodgers team is sensational. I think if the voting was held right now and was fair, I think Manny Ramirez would be the MVP of the National League. What he's done there is incredible.","But it's not going to happen, is it?","Well, if there's justice in the world, and as you and I know there is justice in the world, I think it could happen. I mean, look at what he's done. I mean, he's made - he's helped them make shambles out of that race just because of him. C. C. 's done an excellent job, but Milwaukee is fading. Los Angeles is just becoming strong, and then there's the whole irony of Manny hooking up with his former archrival Joe Torre. And just the idea of these two guys grinding an axe against their former teams, which used to be archrivals, I just think the drama is just too - it's just too delicious. That's why I really think it should be Manny.","All right, let's end this with this connection. Since you've talked about Manny, then you talked about Joe Torre, formerly of the New York Yankees, now let's talk about Yankees stadium, which closes it's doors, last game ever in Yankee Stadium this Sunday. I know that you live close to the ballpark. Are you sad, Mr.  New Yorker?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker believes that Manny Ramirez deserves to be the MVP of the National League due to his impact on the Dodgers team and the irony of him working with Joe Torre. The speaker also believes that justice should prevail and Manny should win, despite the possibility of it not happening. The speaker is enthusiastic about the drama and excitement of the situation.","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion on Manny Ramirez winning the MVP award?","answer":"Enthusiastic"}
{"text":["Wow. I guess the submarine floats. It's still watertight.","Well, you know, we were wondering about that because, you know, it was built in America - built to last. So would it still be floating after all these years?And the answer is, yes, it is floating. Half of it is floating. So we had to strategically float some aspects of it and bury some aspects of it. The goal was to get the rudder to dig into the ground almost as an additional anchor point, which is something that, you know, for a bunch of museum professionals, you'd never anticipate having to do.","Now, I gather there is some concern if the Batfish were to break free of the lines you're trying to secure it with and - what?- float on down the river, what would - what are you preparing for here?","Well, that was a huge concern on Thursday and Friday. So some of the lines started snapping, and we were actually on-site when the lines started snapping, and it was probably one of the scariest things I've seen in my life. So it was in danger of floating down the river, which the main concern would be that it would float down and hit a dam. And if it would have hit the dam - see, Muskogee already had a problem with loose barges. Had they actually breached a dam, it would have wiped out communities completely instead of just giving communities time to evacuate."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Loose barges had already caused problems in Muskogee.","questions":"Which community had problems with loose barges?","answer":"Muskogee"}
{"text":["Not so well now. We're expecting to have a peace completely after the election, but we still have a few problems here and there as far as human right is concerned. And there is also killings in some parts of the country, in the west, also in east. So, that's not good.","There are a lot of people who've used music to raise awareness about what's going on in different parts of the world. Why do you think people relate to music as a way of understanding and humanizing other people?What is it about music that's so special?","Music is very natural. We are born - our mothers sing for us. The community welcomes you with music, with singing. So, it becomes part of your being, of your nature. At the same time, when you cry, it's also like singing. So, it seems like singing and music is set of human being. So, when we sing, we cry, we shout, we just bring it outside. So, it's very natural.","And your family had a musical tradition, what was its like growing up?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"So, it seems like singing and music is set of human being. So, when we sing, we cry, we shout, we just bring it outside. So, it's very natural.\"","questions":"What does singing seem to be according to B?","answer":"Natural"}
{"text":["Well, what it does is it does away with the prohibition against rating on pre-existing conditions, meaning that if you have a pre-existing condition - and about a third of us do - that you could be charged a much higher rate for insurance. So let me give you an example. Somebody is working, they have insurance, and they have a catastrophic illness - cancer, some other calamity. They have to stop working because they need to get their condition taken care of. If they're out for 60 days, they lose their insurance. And now, they have to pay whatever the insurance company decides is the premium because they are - now have a pre-existing condition. Somebody in that situation may never be able to accumulate enough money to pay the very high premiums and get back on the cycle of having continuous insurance coverage.","Now, of course, Speaker Ryan looks forward to what are called now high-risk pools. These would be plans that are essentially devoted to try and accommodate people who have expensive and pre-existing conditions. You're not convinced that would do it.","Well, I think that the problem with those is in the fine print. First of all, very often they are not adequately funded. And many of the high-risk pools have lifetime caps, lifetime limits.","What kind of reforms would you like to make?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Don't just paraphase the words! Find the implicated meaning! We don't want answers like: to be silent means stay quiet and not making noise, bad answer!  Please read the examples above carefully!      (1)\tA:\tWell, what it does is it does away with the prohibition against rating on pre-existing conditions, meaning that if you have a pre-existing condition - and about a third of us do - that you could be charged a much higher rate for insurance.So let me give you an example.Somebody is working, they have insurance, and they have a catastrophic illness - cancer, some other calamity.They have to stop working because they need to get their condition taken care of.If they're out for 60 days, they lose their insurance.And now, they have to pay whatever the insurance company decides is the premium because they are - now have a pre-existing condition.Somebody in that situation may never be able to accumulate enough money to pay the very high premiums and get back on the cycle of having continuous insurance coverage. (2)\tB:\tNow, of course, Speaker Ryan looks forward to what are called now high-risk pools.These would be plans that are essentially devoted to try and accommodate people who have expensive and pre-existing conditions.You're not convinced that would do it. (3)\tA:\tWell, I think that the problem with those is in the fine print.First of all, very often they are not adequately funded.And many of the high-risk pools have lifetime caps, lifetime limits. (4)\tB:\tWhat kind of reforms would you like to make?  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1)  (2)  (3)  (4)","questions":"Which prohibition does the statement refer to?","answer":"Prohibition"}
{"text":["Well, I think they're convening a panel tomorrow to discuss it once more. Declaring a public health emergency of international concern has big implications. So the closing of borders - you know, these are border towns. People - their livelihoods are dependent on being able to cross borders and do business.","Yeah.","Refugees who are fleeing armed conflict in DRC not being able to come into Uganda. So it - there are some serious implications on making that declaration, and I'm sure those will be considered.","How hopeful are you that this outbreak can be contained?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Declaring a public health emergency of international concern has big implications for border towns and people's livelihoods.","questions":"How are border towns affected by declaring a public health emergency of international concern?","answer":"Livelihoods"}
{"text":["I - you've made that point. Let me get to one last question, if I could. President Trump cited Canada as a model of merit-based system, but several news organizations and the Canadian Council of disabilities have pointed out that Stephen Hawking wouldn't be permitted to immigrate in Canada under their system because it does not admit handicapped and disabled people. Do you want that for the United States too?","Well, a merit-based system needs to focus on education and skills, but there is also room for immediate family members to come as well. Canada's point system really contributes only about 15 percent of Canada's annual immigration now. It used to be much higher. It's all in, you know, how you set it up. And we need to be more nimble in our immigration system and look at the outcomes of our immigration policy the way Australia does and be ready to change it if it's not meeting our needs, particularly our economic needs.","Jessica, we. . .","I think that we can do both.","Jessica Vaughn of the Center for Immigration Studies, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : I think that we can do both\" - Implied Meaning: We can both focus on education and skills and be flexible in our immigration system.","questions":"Which approach to immigration does PersonA suggest that the US should adopt?","answer":"Nimble"}
{"text":["But your hands were cold?","Very cold.","That decision to try to turn around, you thought you could have summitted, but you might have endangered your hands?","I know I could have summitted. Yes, however - yes, I wasn't willing to lose my fingers or a tip of a finger, even, for the summit of K2."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the speaker could have reached the summit of K2 but chose not to risk losing their fingers or a tip of a finger. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker prioritizes their physical well-being over the achievement of reaching the summit of K2. This suggests that the speaker is sensible and cautious when it comes to decision-making, even in high-risk situations.","questions":"What does the speaker prioritize over reaching the summit of K2?","answer":"Physical"}
{"text":["I want to ask you about an episode in which math, science figures into the plot even if you don't realize it at first. And this is \"Springfield or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling,\" where Homer gets endowed with Henry Kissinger's brain.","Of course, that comes about because - I don't know how to explain this - Henry Kissinger uses the loo, and his thick glasses fall into the loo. And Homer puts them on, and he's endowed with this perception.","Well, the thing about that is that it sounds like Pythagoras' theorem. So he gets it all wrong. It sounds right, but it's wrong. And he's actually quoting the scarecrow from \"The Wizard of Oz\" - because when the scarecrow gets his diploma, he reels off exactly the same equation. It sounds impressive, but it's actually all wrong.","And you say in the book that your judgment is, it was calculatedly wrong because of the way Ray Bolger must have had to rehearse to be able to make that recitation."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B says that Ray Bolger's recitation of Pythagoras' theorem in \"The Wizard of Oz\" was calculatedly wrong because of the way he must have had to rehearse it. The actual meaning here is that Bolger intentionally delivered the theorem in a way that made it sound impressive and convincing to the audience, even though it was not accurate. This highlights the idea that performance and presentation can be just as important as content, and that people are often willing to overlook mistakes and inaccuracies if they are presented in a compelling way.","questions":"How was Ray Bolger's recitation of Pythagoras' theorem in \"The Wizard of Oz\"?","answer":"Impressive"}
{"text":["I never had an apartment before, so just finally having my own place. And it was magical. It was gorgeous - beautiful tub. I never could use the tub because I was afraid of the roaches.","So unfortunately there's always like pros and cons to that, but it was mine. And I loved it like it was my baby. And I still miss that apartment even though there is bug issues. I miss it.","Well, it made me wonder why there aren't more songs like that in R&B. I mean, R&B is very dominated by relationships - right?- sex, relationships songs. But it does - it did make me wonder, why aren't there more songs about other milestones in R&B?Like, why is that?","Well, first of all, I'm thankful that people love new apartments so much because I always feel like my comfort zone is writing about romance and sex. But I think there's this narrative that the world just wants to hear about simple things and - or just extreme, like, sadness. I've just been broken up with or something like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A thinks that the world prefers simple or sad narratives over other themes.","questions":"What does PersonA believe the world wants to hear in music?","answer":"Milestones."}
{"text":["Actually, it's - in the beginning it didn't look like it was really going to go anywhere. But more than 90 percent of courts have suspended operations now in Egypt, which will paralyze about 20 million cases. This is a nation of 80 million people, so really paralyzing the judicial system. The court system may put some pressure on the president to change the decrees he issued, which essentially, as I said, nullified the judiciary.","And so the political situation comes after a lot of the secular parties and some minority groups had walked out of the assembly that was trying to write the constitution.","Right. It's been a hard battle to write this constitution. When you talk to members of the Muslim Brotherhood, allies of the president, Muhammad Morsi, they say listen, we are elected. Our president is elected, the parliament was elected, the constituent assembly was chosen with a popular mandate, and the courts keep getting in our way. And they say in order to allow for this constitution to be completed, we had to cut out the courts. Right before the president issued these decrees, as you said, minorities, liberals, about a quarter of the constituent assembly walked out in protest, saying it's an Islamist-dominated body, which it is, and we don't agree with what's being put into the draft constitution. It limits women's rights, minority rights, and they take issue with that.","The Muslim Brotherhood, the Islamists, say the liberals, the secularists and the minorities were dragging their feet, trying to run out the clock on the constitution."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Muslim Brotherhood believes the courts are obstructing progress and cut them out to complete the constitution","questions":"Which group advocates for cutting out the courts to complete the constitution?","answer":"MuslimBrotherhood"}
{"text":["Yeah?",". . . Is this important, really, at the end of the day?Or is this all a distraction?","Well, in a lot of ways, this is a distraction from the larger issue, which is the Russia investigation and the concern that Russia's been influencing our elections, right?But in the one side, who was involved or who did what with whom?The real problem is that Russia is attacking our body politics. And we have to come together as Republicans, Democrats and really fight back against that problem because we've got by-elections coming up here in 2018.","Jamil Jaffer is the founder of the National Security Institute. Thank you very much for joining us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The identity of the person involved in the Russia investigation is less important than the fact that Russia is attacking the body politics and needs to be fought against.","questions":"How is the larger issue related to the Russia investigation?","answer":"Influencing"}
{"text":["Klay Thompson has made it very, very clear that despite the injury, he wants to stay there and that the Warriors have pretty much said that they're going to reward him as well for playing his guts out. He belongs with that team. The Warriors aren't going to be what they were, but, eventually, when those injuries are clear, they're still going to be a really good team.","Wimbledon begins next week. What are you watching for?","I'm watching for two things, and I'm really looking for Ashleigh Barty. I'm actually watching her in a couple of ways. One, she has the chance to become the first Indigenous player, obviously from Australia, to become world No. 1. She can do that tomorrow if she wins in the final at Birmingham. She can also - when Wimbledon begins, she can become the first Indigenous woman since Evonne Goolagong, also who was No. 1 in 1976.","My favorite player as a youth, yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are going to reward him for playing as hard as he could despite his injury.","questions":"What did Klay Thompson do despite his injury?","answer":"Played"}
{"text":["He had time to rethink the music of his youth after an injury forced him to lay off the piano for months. Music triggers memories. And when the 36-year-old sat at our piano, the music triggered his.","I still remember my first teacher. Professor Zhu told me, you know, now you'll learn those pieces. But every 20 years, you got to come back and to rediscover what can you do with it.","And I was like, that's crazy. Come on. I already know. I mean, I know those pieces by heart. I know how to play this piece. Why should I play it, you know, 30 years back?And now I realize - oh, my goodness - I mean, I have to because those pieces was kind of my best friends, and I need to know them better.","This piece by Mozart takes Lang Lang back to his first-ever piano recital. He started early. The recital in China came when he was 5."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"rediscover what can you do with it\" - this means to approach a piece of music with a fresh perspective or new understanding, rather than literally discovering something new.","questions":"What did Professor Zhu tell PersonA to do every 20 years?","answer":"Rediscover"}
{"text":["Do the crime, do the time, that's the old line, right?But convicted perpetrators are still afforded basic human rights while serving out their debt to society. The Southern Center for Human Rights recently filed suit on behalf of a group of prisoners in Decatur, Alabama. The presiding judge describes the county jail as, quote, \"A Slave Ship. \"There, the sheriff is accused of starving his prisoners so he could pocket the profits off a lean kitchen budget. Joining us is Lisa Kung, the executive director of the Southern Center for Human Rights. Hi, Lisa.","Hi, how are you?","I'm good. So this case has just stunned people across the world. I couldn't believe it myself when I read about it. But I understand that there is a Depression-era law on the books that made this kind of profiteering legal. Tell us about the law and the details of the case.","Sure. That's right. Alabama has this arrangement where the state pays $1. 75 a day to the sheriffs - directly to the sheriffs for every person they have in his or her jail. Now, you and I know it's hard enough to come up with three meals a day for $1. 75, and what makes Alabama special is that it allows these sheriffs to take any of the money that they don't spend on food and put it straight into their own pocket."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The law allowed sheriffs to profit from starving prisoners","questions":"Which Depression-era law allowed sheriffs to profit from their prisoners' food budget?","answer":"Depression-era"}
{"text":["Well, the - there in every single state, and the data changes state by state, but in every single state, there is a huge disproportionality between the number of particularly African-Americans, but also Latino youths, who wind up in high-level facilities, as opposed to Caucasians youth who wind up in high-level facilities.","And by high level you mean the higher security, more. . .","I mean, higher - yes, more intensive, more secure facilities. Ironically, or maybe not so ironically, when you look at high - facilities that have a high-level of treatment, you'll see disproportionally white youth in the high-level of treatment facilities. But from the very first day, when we start with arrests, which I'm sure you're very familiar with, but moving on through the system, there is continuous and increased disproportionality.","That doesn't even deal with the real disproportionality in the system, between families that have assets, and the families that have fewer assets. So, youth in the juvenile justice system are primarily African-Americans and Latinos that are almost entirely low-income youth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker clarifies that 'high-level' means more intensive and secure facilities.","questions":"Which term does the speaker use to describe the facilities that have a high-level of treatment?","answer":"High-level"}
{"text":["This was during the Gilded Age, and this - you know, the original 1-percenters in this country. They wanted - especially Western Pennsylvania - I mean, steel moved this country. Steel helped build this country in the industrial age. And that steel was in Western Pennsylvania and throughout Pennsylvania - and the titans of steel and of coal and railroads. And they wanted a club that their compatriots had out West. And so they created the South Fork Hunt and Fish Club. And they wanted to be able to go out boating and fishing. And so they're in the Conemaugh Valley. They dammed up a river, created an earthen dam. But it was not well prepared. And the people were concerned about it. And they said this dam could fail. And if this dam fails, it would be catastrophic.","There was a lot of rain, wasn't there?","I mean, we talk about rain of biblical proportions. I mean, it was more than a foot of rain. But the problem was in the engineering of the dam. There was no way to - on a methodical basis - to be able to release water. The water just kept coming over the spillway and eroding the face of the dam, which was holding in all the rock and stone. And that gave way. Within 40 minutes, 20 million tons of water was emptied and heading down the Conemaugh Valley at about 40 to 50 miles per hour.","And as the water threatened to burst through - of course, in those days, no radio, no TV, no Twitter."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : they mention detailed miles and tons of water","questions":"Which specific details about the amount of water are mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"amount"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, it may be too far to say that they elected the person. They may have contributed to a groundswell of opposition to, you know, Trump's opponent, Hillary Clinton, by having those emails released. You know, we don't really know to what extent they actually succeeded in changing how people voted and perceptions of Hillary Clinton. And how do you quantify that?","But you - you know, you do see that there is, you know, a view now within the intelligence community that this was the intention of the Russians. Their intention wasn't - according to the CIA briefing, the intention wasn't just to make us - make them look weak, but actually to help Trump win.","Adam Entous of The Washington Post, thanks so much.","Great to be here. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : By saying \"Adam Entous of The Washington Post, thanks so much,\" the speaker is expressing their gratitude for the discussion, while by saying \"Great to be here.","questions":"How is the speaker expressing gratitude?","answer":"Gratitude"}
{"text":["I think we typically are having a totally misguided debate about racism in this country.","And in exactly the way you're saying, in that people get accused of racism. They become massively defensive because it's a word that should destroy you. And so you totally resist it, and we're not really discussing policies.","Exactly. And, I mean, obviously if you could express in one minute racist ideas and in the next minute anti-racist ideas, and what we're saying is stop expressing those racist ideas and start recognizing the equality of racial groups, then that's a completely different discussion.","Well, let's talk about the president's remark that set this off, in which he said that four women of color who are in Congress, who are Democrats, should go back where they came from and try to clean up their messed-up countries. We at NPR have been pretty explicit in labeling that as old racist language. Go back where you came from is a thing that's been said by a lot of people for a long time. But you're the scholar. Is that a racist statement?And if so, why is it a racist statement?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : destroy you meaning your character for being labeled as such ","questions":"How does the word \"destroy\" relate to the discussion on racism in the dialogue?","answer":"Reputation."}
{"text":["I'm just over the line. I'm near Heartbreak Hill, actually, and was out on the root of the race earlier today. But no, I'm - it would be very, very difficult to get down near the finish line on any marathon day at this hour.","And certainly at this point not safe to go anywhere near the Boston Marathon, and I assumed it's advisable that if you are in Boston you stay well away from the scene. Tell me about what kind of things you're seeing or what kind of reports you're seeing about the site itself, what it looks like.","The site itself looks like - I mean there is grey smoke on - these are just the images that are coming out of the area now. (Technical difficulties) been wall-to-wall people just an hour ago is now basically emptied out except for authorities. The place - the streets are littered with signs meant to be cheering on runners, water bottles and so on, and seems to be covered in a kind of grey dust. And we saw the windows on storefronts completely shuttered out, sidewalk stained with blood. From reports - eyewitnesses down there anyway, reporting, it seems that there were some very, very injuries.","I've been watching. They've been replaying on the television networks over and over at least one image - a video image of at least one of the explosions and they don't seem to show the next one. Do we know how far apart they were - a matter of seconds, was it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is difficult to get near the finish line during a marathon day.","questions":"How crowded was the area near the finish line during the marathon day?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Well, the short answer's yes. The deforestation program in Brazil has been enormously successful. Between 2004 and 2012, deforestation fell by more than 80%. That's a shocking success. The challenge is that since 2012, deforestation has ticked up. There's also been a backlash against some of the environmental policies that were put in place under the former government.","Well, as we mentioned, Germany and Norway recently decided to pull their funding out of this Amazon Fund. What made them do that, specifically?","So this is largely an international response to concerns that deforestation is on the rise. And in particular, it's a response to the rhetoric that the administration of Jair Bolsonaro has been putting out. Bolsonaro has basically said to the people in the country that deforestation is OK, development at all costs is OK.  And a lot of scientists fear that that message is starting to take hold, that landowners in the hinterlands in the Amazon are starting to listen, and now they're burning their fields and they're taking advantage of this.","So do you think this latest move by Norway and Germany to freeze their funds could actually sway Bolsonaro?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People are starting to follow suit in regards to the actions of others.","questions":"Which action is starting to take hold?","answer":"Burning"}
{"text":["Blowing on them?","Yeah.","Well, it depends on how cold it is. You know, that's probably the toughest thing is the fingers. I mean, your fingers get to the point they just don't want to work. I suppose there's electric gloves and there's motorcycle gear. You can buy whole heated suits and stuff and have a battery pack on you. But as long as you're hustling and you're moving, it doesn't seem to affect you as much.","So if they make the movie about the heating, ventilation and air conditioner man, who plays the hero?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"who plays the hero?\" - The literal meaning is asking for the identity of the person who plays the lead role in a movie, but the actual meaning in context is a sarcastic response to the previous conversation about staying warm, suggesting that there is no hero in that situation.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of turn 3?","answer":"Sarcasm"}
{"text":["He wrote tons of letters. I bet there are a hundred thousand - hundreds out there signed, all the best, George Bush. Many of them are compiled in a lovely volume he did. His - you know, he was the son of a mother who insisted that he not talk - that one not talk about oneself. He was - so when it came time to write a book after he left the presidency, he didn't. . .","Oh, right.","His mother's ghostly influence was such that he felt it would be too puffed up to write a standard memoir. So he wrote a - he essentially published a compilation of his letters. I believe it's called - the title is \"All The Best, George Bush. \"Famously, in 19 - excuse me - '88, when he was running for president of the United States and he was home and in Greenwich for Thanksgiving, sitting around the table, telling, you know, pretty interesting stories about running for president, his mother rapped on the table and said, George, you're talking about yourself too much. Stop it.","Now. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : tons of letters implies large quantities of letters and not letters that measured up many tons","questions":"How would you describe the content of the book George Bush published after leaving the presidency?","answer":"letters"}
{"text":["Then on top of that, last year, there was this thing called the beast from the east, which was a deep freeze coming across Italy and Greece, and that destroyed a lot of trees. Olive trees are very hardy, but they can't take extreme cold. If it's below 10 degrees Fahrenheit for just a matter of hours, it can kill the tree. So Italian farmers these days are thinking they can't catch a break. This is a confluence of factors, which has led to an overall production of around 185,000 tons this season, which is not very good.","Is it really possible that Italy could run out of olive oil next month?","Well, you know, Italy is not as big, for example, a producer as Spain, you know, and we see a lot of headlines right now that says Italy will be forced to be an olive oil importer. Well, Italy is the largest olive oil importer in the world and always has been, but it has just a limited amount of its own production to go around. So what - I think it's really more a matter of Italy running out of stock, running out of stocks of its own olive oil. And all of the bottling that goes on there and the exporting that goes on in Italy will be using oils from other origins.","We have to ask in this day and age, is climate change affecting the Italian olive oil production industry?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Extreme cold can kill hardy olive trees in just a few hours.","questions":"Which factor can lead to the death of olive trees in a short amount of time?","answer":"Cold"}
{"text":["Thank you, Linda. Happy to be here.","Is it fair to say what I said in this introduction that a Clinton or Sanders win in Nevada could depend on how the Hispanic vote breaks?","You're absolutely right. Here in Nevada, the Latino vote has been decisive in the past several election cycles. We saw it in 2006 in my race for state assembly, where we tripled Hispanic turnout. We saw it in 2008 for the caucuses here for Hillary Clinton to win the popular vote. And then we saw it again in 2012. You know, we saw President Obama get re-elected and win Nevada thanks to the Latino vote.","What do you think is going to move the Hispanic community in Nevada to the polls in 2016?Is it going to be immigration reform?Is it the problem of jobs, new jobs, higher paying jobs?","You know, I believe it'll be a combination of a few different things. You're seeing right now Republican candidates Donald Trump, Rubio, Cruz, even my opponent Cresent Hardy, who have taken a pretty strong stance against immigration. And, you know, Latinos not only care about immigration, we care about every other issue - jobs, health care, education. But immigration usually tends to be the litmus test for candidates. If you support immigration reform with the path to citizenship, then we know that you are welcoming to our Latino community."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is \"We know about Internet-radicalized lone-wolf scenario. It's very interesting and unusual to have a woman involved and a couple involved.\" However, the implied meaning is that the speaker finds it notable that a woman and a couple are involved in the scenario, which may suggest a stereotype or bias about the typical profile of individuals involved in internet-radicalized lone-wolf scenarios.","questions":"Which candidate's stance on immigration reform tends to be a litmus test for the Latino community according to the speaker in turn 4?","answer":"Trump"}
{"text":["Well, all I can tell you is this. When I asked Commissioner Davis that question, he didn't hang up on me. He said the answer that I gave - that I reported - he said absolutely. It's possible that just the feeling that we're over the hump, that we're through this. I mean, it's human nature. You've watched events. They get there early. They're on high alert all the time. Plus, in this particular case, the bomb-sniffing dogs had gone through twice, once in the morning and an hour before the explosions have gone off.","So there was a feeling, there was a reason to feel basically secure that at time. It turned out not, you know, the security was - sense of security was misplaced. But again, I don't think it's an insult at all to what the response and, you know, the courage and all of that happened afterwards to rethink, and, you know, again, to use an overused term, connect the dots about how things were set up, were they followed out as they should've been.","Joan Vennochi, thanks very much for your time today. Appreciate it.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's not an insult to think about what has happened again and to make sense of it and see where things were related to each other.","questions":"Which term is described as overused?","answer":"overused"}
{"text":["Yes. Everywhere we looked, we found these networks using very, very similar tactics. And often, not - they're different from what I think we have seen in the U. S.  elections where Russian operatives set up groups for a very long time. And also, like, in European countries, we saw those groups operating for years, sometimes starting as a lifestyle page or a movie page, and then slowly, but surely, shifting to becoming a far-right page. That is a clear, deceptive tactic to pull in more and more people into their stories.","And this disinformation that you were finding - it tended to skew to the far-right, or were people on the far-left - were there other groups skewing it in different directions?","Yes. So we started looking at what actual disinformation is spreading and looked who's spreading is. And time and again, we went down a rabbit hole to the far-right. But in Italy, for example, we also found a lot of populist, but they're not far-right parties. So it was not only far-right, but mainly far-right - what we found in our research.","And you said you went down the rabbit hole of who was creating this. Just speak a little bit more about that. Was this official groups, random individuals - or can you even tell?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Russian operatives used deceptive tactics to create far-right groups.","questions":"How did Russian operatives create far-right groups?","answer":"Deceptive"}
{"text":["Tell me how you grew up.","Well, my grandparents raised me. When their - they had - they've been foster parents for as long as I can remember. And I was actually the first child other than their own that they actually took care of, and they raised me since I was six months old.","Although my mom lived there as well, she was always - you know, raised me as well, but I lived in their house. I always kept myself around something musical, whether it was being in a play where I played the drunk daughter, or sneaking out to the studio to make a, you know, a demo that never became anything. But you know, it was all a part of what I felt I needed to do beyond, you know, those - that house and beyond church. You know, I was always looking for something to do outside of that - of those four walls.","In this book, you talk about some really rough times you went through. Being held out a window by an abusive boyfriend who threatened to drop you to your death, being beat up, being manipulated. Why do you feel that it was important to put all that in the book?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B was raised by his grandparents who were foster parents, not his biological parents.","questions":"Which family members raised B?","answer":"Grandparents"}
{"text":["Right.","Just a little.","You could put honey. . .","Yeah. Agave just. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"You could put honey...\" This turn could be interpreted as a suggestion to sweeten something with honey, but it could also be interpreted as a suggestion to improve or make something more appealing.","questions":"What is the possible action suggested in turn 2?","answer":"Sweeten"}
{"text":["And he was saying how we, you know, you here have been so fortunate. You've got to help. We need you. And then he pauses, and he says, for example, there's a young man sitting in this church today, my friends in New York, whom I respect. They tell me that this young man, his brain has been touched by God. But this young man told me something about himself, and I had the chance to meet him. His father was a chauffer and a gardener. His mother was a maid and a cook. And I said, oh, lord. I started, like, trying to hide in my seat. But he started really telling the story that was classic of many professionals. If somebody went and work for them, either their parents or grandparents that made it possible for them to have an education.","And then, he paused again. He said, you know, but he has forgotten from where he came. And I thought for a moment \u2014 because a - like a video of my mother, particularly when my father came up, and I started to cry. I mean, these tears came down. So I said this service is over. I didn't say a word, I just walked over and talked with my hand and I said, Dr.  King, when do you want me to leave?","Mm-hmm. And then you went onto work on what is Reverend King's most famous or certainly most quoted speech, the \"I Have a Dream\" speech. Now, today you can hear that speech used in a lot of different contexts. It's, in some ways, become background music for Black History Month, you know?","Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"he has forgotten from where he came\" - This turn is also figurative and not meant to be taken literally. It is used to describe someone who has become successful and wealthy but has lost touch with their humble beginnings.","questions":"How would you describe the meaning of \"he has forgotten from where he came\"?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["The death toll in Sudan has risen sharply. A doctors group there now says more than 30 people were killed and hundreds wounded when the military fired on a sit-in outside the defense ministry. Pro-democracy protesters want a new government in Sudan. They have been negotiating with the military. In a televised statement, the military said now all agreements are off, and elections will happen within nine months.","Joining us now is Nima Elbagir. She is senior international correspondent with CNN. She was in Sudan not long ago, and she joins us now from London. Thanks so much for being with us this morning.","Good morning, Rachel.","Nima, I understand you're in touch with people in Khartoum. What are you hearing now that this violence has happened?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The military opened fire on peaceful protesters resulting in numerous deaths and injuries, causing political instability in Sudan.","questions":"Which country has experienced political instability due to military firing on peaceful protesters?","answer":"Sudan"}
{"text":["In a hospital.","Yeah.","Can we ask for the story about that?I mean, you didn't go out of your way to get married in a hospital. I guess in a sense, you did - right?","(Laughter) We had applied to get married in Illinois. We had 60 days. We were never in the same town. My wife showed up, and we had one day left; and she walked in the door from Los Angeles, and I suddenly grabbed my stomach. I said, boy, I'm not feeling well. She said, you're not getting out of it that easy. But we wound up going to the emergency room. I had my gall bladder removed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (Laughter) We had applied to get married in Illinois. We had 60 days. We were never in the same town. My wife showed up, and we had one day left; and she walked in the door from Los Angeles, and I suddenly grabbed my stomach. I said, boy, I'm not feeling well. She said, you're not getting out of it that easy. But we wound up going to the emergency room. I had my gall bladder removed.  In this turn, the implied meaning is that the speaker's sudden stomach pain was a way for them to avoid getting married or to postpone the wedding. The literal meaning would suggest that the speaker's stomach pain was genuine and required medical attention, but the implied meaning suggests that it may have been a ploy to avoid the wedding.","questions":"Which medical procedure did the speaker have?","answer":"Removed"}
{"text":["Well, the - there in every single state, and the data changes state by state, but in every single state, there is a huge disproportionality between the number of particularly African-Americans, but also Latino youths, who wind up in high-level facilities, as opposed to Caucasians youth who wind up in high-level facilities.","And by high level you mean the higher security, more. . .","I mean, higher - yes, more intensive, more secure facilities. Ironically, or maybe not so ironically, when you look at high - facilities that have a high-level of treatment, you'll see disproportionally white youth in the high-level of treatment facilities. But from the very first day, when we start with arrests, which I'm sure you're very familiar with, but moving on through the system, there is continuous and increased disproportionality.","That doesn't even deal with the real disproportionality in the system, between families that have assets, and the families that have fewer assets. So, youth in the juvenile justice system are primarily African-Americans and Latinos that are almost entirely low-income youth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is a racial disparity in the number of African-American and Latino youths in high-level juvenile facilities compared to Caucasian youths.","questions":"What is the racial disparity in high-level juvenile facilities?","answer":"Disparity"}
{"text":["Right.","There must be some science to this, right?","Yeah. There's actually a little bit of fun science. Egg whites are basically liquid. But they're full of protein?That's why they're good for us. And so when you whip them, you're breaking down those proteins.","And the proteins are usually like little balls that hang out by themselves, but when you whip them, they unfurl, they unfold and they start bonding with each other. And as they bond, they create a structure. And that structure captures air bubbles, and it gives the foam its shape. And we're going to have a nice fluffy cloud as a result."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Whipping egg whites breaks down proteins and creates a structure that captures air bubbles, resulting in a fluffy foam.","questions":"Which process creates air bubbles in egg whites?","answer":"whipping"}
{"text":["There are, there are trials underway right now of an active vaccine, as well. So again, the scientists have gone back to the drawing board and said gee, when we did that study back in the early 2000s with the active vaccine, what went wrong, what could have caused this inflammatory response. So they've modified the protein now and have been able to develop one that they hope will in fact generate the immune response without the side effects.","Why doesn't Alzheimer's kick in earlier in life for those who are genetically predisposed to it?Why does it wait until you're in your 70s or 80s?","That's a good question, Ira. I mean, it's a million-dollar question as to what are the other aging factors that have to kick in, and basically we don't know the answer to that. But one issue might be, for example, that our immune systems diminish in their effectiveness and ability to perform their work as we age.","So a challenge in using an active vaccine in an older person is that the older person may not be able to generate an antibody response. So if, say, Alzheimer's disease were partly immunologically driven, it may only manifest itself when the person's aging immune system starts to fail or diminish its effectiveness. Then this blossoms. I'm not saying that's the answer, but it's that type of thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : a million dollar question implies that the question is very important or difficult and requires a very good answer not referring the cost of the question is 1 million dollars ","questions":"How does turn 1 describe the significance of the question asked by B?","answer":"Important"}
{"text":["Thanks for being with us, Scott. The president, of course, was in Paris this week. He was president Macron's guest for Bastille Day. There'd been some attention in this country which would affix President Macron as somehow a different figure than President Trump. The two of them seemed to get on very well. There seemed genuine rapport.","That's right. I think if this improves relations, it certainly improved body language when it comes to President Trump in Europe. You know, there were so many images at the G-20 of Trump just looking isolated, big policy announcements put out by every country except the United States. So I think Macron sensed an opening here. He saw that Trump needs a friend, an ally, a wingman - whatever you want to call it - in Europe.","And Trump has a long track record of responding when people show him respect and welcome him. There's certainly nothing more welcoming than a big parade being put on, so this seemed to work. They seemed to get along. The question is, does this get Trump to shift on any of the key policy differences?Starting with climate change, where they could not be any further apart.","There was a phrase in the press conference where he said, well, maybe there will be something with the Paris accords, right?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Macron sensed an opening here. He saw that Trump needs a friend, an ally, a wingman - whatever you want to call it - in Europe.\" Implicated meaning: Macron recognized an opportunity to establish a closer relationship with Trump because Trump lacks strong support or alliances in Europe.","questions":"Which president's guest was Trump in Paris for Bastille Day?","answer":"Macron"}
{"text":["Yes.","Have you photographed them?Or have they been clients of yours?","Not paying clients. Yes, I have shot them at a rally in Chicago.","OK.  Not - well, not paying in the sense that you would like to have them as clients or pursue them at one point, or you just are taking pictures of them, as everyone else is doing, when they're out in public?","No, I was part of the campaign. I was heavily involved in fundraising and (unintelligible) and have gone to battleground states, signing up voters. So, yeah, I was there, part of the group, and I shot them because this is something I wanted to do. I wasn't a paid photographer of staff, but yes. Would I like to shoot them as a paid person?Absolutely.","Yeah, I'm guessing the answer to that would be yes. Are you hopeful of that opportunity still?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Although the person was not a paid photographer, they were heavily involved in a political campaign and took photos for personal interest. They would like to be a paid photographer for these clients in the future.","questions":"How was the person involved in the political campaign?","answer":"Fundraising"}
{"text":["Yes, yes, and I was inundated with students and visitors and all of that because there's a fascination to this, and they all - well, they're all happy to be - to see something like this and realize that when I started and where I started is where they are and that they can do something. And that ought to be the goal: school, learn and then use your own abilities to go further.","Do they realize that?Do they understand that?","I know some did. Now others I think are still thinking I'm going to quickly grab a degree and get a fantastic job and get rich, but I don't think they're thinking beyond getting rich. Now I don't know if that's a good life.","Well, congratulations to you, Nick."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Getting rich may not lead to a good life.","questions":"Which goal does PersonA think should be the focus?","answer":"school"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So boys are broken. What did you mean by that?","I want to clarify that I am not an expert in gender studies. I'm not an expert really in anything, other than maybe '80s music. And so my thoughts are reflective on my experiences and the experiences of people around me and my observations after living 46 years as a dude. What do I mean by boys are broken?I think it means that there is something going on with American men that is giving them the permission and space to commit violence. And one of the main things we focus on correctly is guns and mental health, but I think deeper than that is a problem, a crisis in masculinity.","You wrote in this that the last 50 years redefined womanhood. Women were taught that they can be anything. No commensurate movement for men, who are still generally locked to the same rigid, outdated model of masculinity. And it's killing us. When you say that there's this rigid masculinity, what do you mean by that - that men aren't able to express themselves?","Partially, yeah. I also think that masculinity doesn't have a language in the way that femininity has come to have a language. We understand that femininity can be much more broadly encompassing than masculinity now. When you think of a strong woman, that doesn't rob her of any of her femininity. But when you think of a fragile man, that has the effect culturally, I think, of neutering that guy. And so much of masculinity is rooted in sexuality."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Masculinity doesn't have a language and is much more rooted in sexuality compared to femininity.","questions":"Which aspect of masculinity is culturally neutered when it is perceived as fragile?","answer":"strength"}
{"text":["I also asked Precious Shumba if President Mugabe would have to leave Zimbabwe if he loses the election.","If Mugabe loses, it is widely expected he will have to negotiate on almost every facet of his life. So the issue of whether he would stay here in Zimbabwe or elsewhere entirely depends on the new administration probably led by the opposition.","Finally, I asked Precious, who lives in the poor urban heart of the capital city, why he chooses to stay in the country and if he ever questions being a journalist in Zimbabwe where his career is risky and sometimes dangerous.","It would be an act of cowardice if I were to say, I cease to be a journalist. I feel I'm accountable and needs to contribute to public discourse. So I'm not really intimidated or really afraid of what might happen to me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: It would be an act of cowardice if I were to say, I cease to be a journalist. The actual meaning is that the speaker believes it is their duty as a journalist to contribute to public discourse and they are not afraid of the risks that come with their job, and it would be cowardly to give up.","questions":"Which word describes PersonA's attitude towards being a journalist despite the risks involved?","answer":"Fearless"}
{"text":[". . . They make you very proud.","What can you tell us about Paola Zambrano and Mark Gorman?","Both of these kids were awesome young people. Paola - Paola, you know, died when she was going to be a junior, so she finished two years of high school. And, you know, during her freshman year, she was diagnosed with colon cancer. And we knew it was a serious situation. And we, you know, quite frankly didn't think that she'd be - you know, continue down that road of going to high school because we knew it was terminal.","And, you know, to her credit, she decided she was going to keep coming every day, had great attendance, went through her chemos and her therapies and was a model student for her family and for herself. She was very - a very proud young lady. And she had hopes and dreams beyond high school that unfortunately she was never. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Although the speaker uses the phrase \"went through her chemos and her therapies\" in a literal sense, the actual meaning is that Paola underwent cancer treatment, which included chemotherapy and other therapies.","questions":"Which medical treatments did Paola undergo?","answer":"Chemotherapy"}
{"text":["Yeah, gosh.","And so I got up and ran. And it wasn't too far. But I just - at that moment, I thought, I don't want to be shot in the back, and I need to find some cover. And there's really no place to hide. But there are these. . .","You found a little, like, alcove that you could duck into.","There was a little alcove, yeah. And I just made myself as small as I could in that little corner."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : duck in this context means to avoid something hitting you in the head","questions":"Which body part was the speaker trying to protect by ducking into the alcove?","answer":"Head"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. So these are the kinds of people, exactly, who the politicians want to know about, the registered voters?","Absolutely.","And have you gotten any reaction from them at all?","I think there's a lot of interest and, I mean, in fact that as I look back at the bigger picture, we've kind of gone through this, you know, this - I don't know if it's a cycle, but it's certainly is a set of shifts where everybody was talking about climate change and sustainability and global environmental problems, if you remember back in 2007 and 2008. And then, suddenly, everybody has stopped talking about it. And, in fact, for many people, the term - using the word on global warming or climate change in political discourse was seen as something you shouldn't do. I think what we may be at the beginning of is to be able to bring these words back into our political discourse and, actually, as a point of discussion about how do we move forward as a society?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Mm-hmm\" is an informal way of expressing agreement or acknowledgement, rather than its literal meaning of a humming sound.","questions":"What is the informal meaning of \"Mm-hmm\" used by PersonB in the dialogue?","answer":"Agreement"}
{"text":["Yes, yes, and I was inundated with students and visitors and all of that because there's a fascination to this, and they all - well, they're all happy to be - to see something like this and realize that when I started and where I started is where they are and that they can do something. And that ought to be the goal: school, learn and then use your own abilities to go further.","Do they realize that?Do they understand that?","I know some did. Now others I think are still thinking I'm going to quickly grab a degree and get a fantastic job and get rich, but I don't think they're thinking beyond getting rich. Now I don't know if that's a good life.","Well, congratulations to you, Nick."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Getting rich may not lead to a good life.","questions":"How may getting rich affect one's life according to A?","answer":"uncertain"}
{"text":["Tom Durkin, the voice of the Triple Crown. He is retiring in August. This will be his last Belmont stakes. Good luck to you, OK.","All right Scott. And new when you retire, maybe we'll go out and play golf or something.","(Laughter). All right. Golf huh. Let's go to the track.","Did B. J. Leiderman write this?He wrote our theme music. You're listening to WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meanings in (2) are that Scott should enjoy his retirement and do something fun with Tom Durkin after he retires. ","questions":"Which event is Tom Durkin retiring from?","answer":"Belmont"}
{"text":["Well, thanks for having me.","You're at the start of your book tour, maybe midway. You have been saying in interviews you don't think you'll ever coach again.","I don't and I'm basically trying to motivate myself to not only put closure on a career but to get going with something else. I've said for years idleness is the devil's workshop. So I always tied up my day, every minute of the day from 6 a. m.  to late at night with basketball, scouting, recruiting. And now I wake up at 6 o'clock and put on my gym shorts, and there's no place to go.","You still give, I gather, motivational speeches and make appearances, don't you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The interviewer reminds the speaker of what they've been saying, which is different from what the speaker is saying now.","questions":"Which statement challenges the PersonA's current statement?","answer":"You're"}
{"text":["So there's a relationship between the velocity of the coffee and the slope that you can generate there. And although the physics are very different in the ocean, you'll establish the same relationship between a pressure gradient or that difference in height and speed of the current. So if the gulfstream slows down, the slope at a sea surface is going to decrease, and water will rise at the coastline.","And what is this due to?","The slowing of the current?Yeah, that's the big question right now. And there's a lot of debate about what will drive those kinds of changes in the climate. Obviously, temperature, you know, it all starts with wind, so how do you - yeah, what could affect the wind field?But it really comes back to the distribution of temperature in the atmosphere and. . .","Global warming?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Global warming?\" - This is a question that implies a possible explanation for the changes discussed in the conversation, but it does not necessarily mean that global warming is the only cause or that it is the direct cause of the changes being discussed.","questions":"How did PersonB question the cause of the changes in the conversation?","answer":"Global-warming"}
{"text":["Absolutely. In fact, that is advice that students are given. Be sure and use the longest possible word you can. Don't settle for anything simple. And often what they end up doing is inventing a great deal. I've talked with teachers who have evaluated these, and one was telling me a story about this student who wrote about his whole family dying in a plane crash. Well, maybe that happened but it's entirely possible that it didn't.","I'm wondering, professor, those who are on the College Board say in fact they don't believe there's a formula, there's not shortcuts and the people who are doing the reading know how to spot gimmicks.","The teachers that I have talked to who are scorers certainly do know how to spot gimmicks. And I think that's why the teacher who told me the story about the whole family killed in the plane crash was spotting the gimmick. But that that doesn't prevent students from trying to use those gimmicks. They're trying to, in some way, make themselves distinctive and capture the attention of readers who, at best, are going to be skimming what they're reading because the scoring process for the SAT requires the scores - if you are hired as a scorer, what you have to be able to do is to read 20 essays in an hour, which is three minutes per essay. And if you are trying to earn extra money, you get a bonus if you can read 30.","I certainly didn't know this. So, the graders get a cash bounty for being superficial."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"How do scorers have to read essays on the SAT?","answer":"Three"}
{"text":["And is it a big lead or barely a lead at all?The pollsters are also hard at work, as is NPR senior Washington editor Ron Elving. Ron, welcome back on this Monday. How much difference is there in the polls?","A lot, in terms of margin. You know, it's a statistical tie in some polls, it's too close to call in some polls, and then you have some other polls where it's beginning to look like a blow out, where it's a double digit lead and where it's concentrated in the battleground states in ways that really favor Barack Obama.","So, if you want to look for a poll that makes it look like a close contest, you can find one. And if you want to look at a poll that makes it look like Barack Obama is really opening something up here, you can find those too. In a way, though, you can say all the polls are agreed on one thing, there is consistency in all of them having Barack Obama ahead.","I can't find any major national poll that has John McCain ahead in this race. So, some people would say, that's really all that matters."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Although there are varying poll results, all of them show that Barack Obama is consistently ahead.","questions":"Which candidate is ahead in all major national polls according to the dialogue?","answer":"BarackObama"}
{"text":["You know, in the post-Katrina era, Scott, the assumption has been that when a hurricane comes, you focus on that and set other things aside. So it was jarring when the president went ahead with his summit with Kanye West. And as you say, it was a major full-media presence in the Oval Office.","But the president's theme all week has been to keep the focus on the president. He's had a flurry of news availabilities - way more than usual. In fact, in the last month, he's had more than in all the time previously in his presidency - very flashy events, campaign rallies around the country, night after night.","And that happens just as the cable operations - television, news - has - well, they've begun to lose interest in some of those rallies. They're not covering them from beginning to end anymore, sometimes not covering them all - at all, perhaps because they do seem to be news-free campaign events, and maybe because they've become so frequent.","Does this week's sudden stock sell-off raise questions about what had seemed to be so much good news about the economy, including that historically low unemployment rate?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The President's focus has been on himself, rather than hurricane relief efforts. The meeting with Kanye West was unexpected and inappropriate during a crisis","questions":"What was the focus of the President during a crisis?","answer":"Focus"}
{"text":["So what about this contest?","What the CDC is trying to do is not just figure out what's going on right now with the flu, but what's going to happen in a week or two weeks out. Traditionally, we do what's called surveillance, which is what's going on right now in the United States. And that's a really hard problem because if you think about it, without using something like Twitter, you have to ask people what's going on. And the CDC does this; they do a very good job. But it takes them about two weeks to get those responses collected. What we're trying to do is predict things like what week is going to be the worst for the flu season; when is it going to end?","Do you run the risk of putting through the algorithms a lot of tweets from people who don't use, let's say, a word like fever in the same way people with flu would use it?","It's actually very tricky to use Twitter in order to get a flu rate. So, for example, someone might say, I have Bieber fever, which is not actually a disease that we care about tracking."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The literal meaning is that it is difficult to use Twitter to track the flu because people may use words like \"fever\" in non-medical contexts. The actual meaning is that there are challenges associated with using social media data to track the flu, including the need to filter out irrelevant or misleading information.","questions":"Which word may be used by people on Twitter in non-medical contexts, making it challenging to use social media data to track the flu?","answer":"Fever"}
{"text":["No costume changes, no props.","Did you go into being someone who could be so mutable in part because you had to kind of - you had to have a place to escape, I'm assuming?","You know, I think that's exactly what it was. I remember as a teenager that - you know, I was born in Germany. I lived in Japan 'til I was 10 and then, you know, moved to Iowa, which is where I graduated high school. But you know, just being surrounded by so many different cultures, I just found myself kind of being a sponge. And so, as an extracurricular activity, I ended up, you know, doing standup comedy, you know, telling jokes to my friends. And I think you're right. I think it ended up being an escape into these different characters to be able to make people laugh. And it kind of made, you know, kind of made me laugh on the inside as well, because everything on the outside was really, really hurting.","Can you either give us a snippet of a character, to be in character or show how you transition between characters?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A used comedy as an escape from personal struggles and pain","questions":"What did PersonA do as an extracurricular activity in their teenage years?","answer":"Escaped"}
{"text":["The law now differs whether the gun being purchased is a handgun or what is broadly defined as a long gun. So the law is that if it's a handgun, you need to be 21. But long guns - rifles, shotguns and assault-style rifles included - that's 18. And after Parkland, where the perpetrator was 19 and legally purchased an assault-style rifle, there has been a call to raise that minimum age for assault-style rifles and all long guns.","What about arming teachers?What changes to the law would be required?","That gets complex. We do have the Gun-Free School Zones Act, which was signed with the first President Bush. But it allows for some discretion at the state and local level. And some states allow individual districts to set their own policies. And so we at The Trace of reported on districts in Ohio that allow certain designated teachers and other school staff members to access guns. Texas is another state where that happens. So, in fact, there are some states where there are guns in schools accessible to some teachers and staff members.","Have there been gun laws that have been rolled back by the Trump administration?","The big picture under Trump is that not much has changed, which is interesting because Trump had such strong backing from the National Rifle Association. And they have two big priorities. One is something called concealed carry reciprocity. And the upshot is that if you have a license to carry a concealed gun in your home state, every other state would have to honor that license and vice versa. That does pass the House in December - not taken up by the Senate."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The legal age for purchasing handguns and long guns is different, with handguns requiring a higher age limit.","questions":"How old do you have to be to purchase a handgun?","answer":"21"}
{"text":["Even - and especially if it comes afterwards, but it's that - it's - once you charge somebody up with emotion, you're putting them into a state where their critical thinking or what, you know, what Kahneman would call system-two thinking, that reflective thinking becomes harder. And you have to keep in mind, this also - I'm making this sound like this sinister thing, you know, that, oh, we're trying to get away with - well, maybe when the car salesman is telling you a joke just at the point where you were about to, you know, open the hood and look at the engine, and you go, oh, this is a nice guy. I'll buy this car from him. Maybe there, it's sinister, you know?In magic, you come in expecting and hoping that the person is going to amaze you and\/or make you laugh.","And if he doesn't, you're disappointed. I want to thank you so much for joining us, Teller. Teller's piece called \"Teller Reveals His Secrets\" ran in the March issue of Smithsonian magazine. There's a link to it at npr. org, click on TALK OF THE NATION. He joined us from NPR member station KNPR in Las Vegas, Nevada. Thank you very much for joining us, Teller.","Hey, thanks.","Tomorrow, we will talk about the science of pet therapy and how the happiness can go both ways. This is TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. I'm John Donvan in Washington."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B: \"How the happiness can go both ways.\" Implicated meaning: The positive effects of pet therapy can be experienced by both the animals providing the therapy and the humans receiving it.","questions":"How can both animals and humans benefit from pet therapy?","answer":"Both"}
{"text":["Can I ask you just when you wrote this thread, what prompted it?What was the moment that sort of made you think, this is something I need to write right now?","I live in - I jokingly refer to it as the wilds of Connecticut, and there's nothing wild about it. But I live in the woods about 10 miles away from Sandy Hook. And when that incident happened, my daughter was in elementary school. My son was in middle school. The schools went into lockdown. I think I became radicalized on that day against gun violence. Every time one of these events happens, it affects me really deeply.","And so I found myself on the kitchen floor. My daughter wanted help with her homework, and I was sort of tweeting as she was reading me an essay she was writing. But it - I just felt like I needed to try to say these things in the best way that I knew how in that moment. And I - you know, there was no real forethought to it. It was just a kind of expression of deep, deep sadness.","Michael Ian Black is a comedian, actor and writer. Thank you so much for joining us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Sandy Hook shooting made me strongly against gun violence.","questions":"What incident led to the speaker becoming radicalized against gun violence?","answer":"Sandy"}
{"text":["What happens to a city when a whole bunch of its residents get really rich really quickly?A lot of people in San Francisco are worried about that right now. The city's in the middle of a tech IPO boom. Lyft and Pinterest went public earlier this year. Stock in Uber begins trading tomorrow. Other big names plan to follow. And that means thousands of new millionaires in a city that's already one of the least affordable in the country. This week, Gordon Mar, who serves on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, proposed a new payroll tax targeting IPOs. He says the tech boom of the past decade has been good for San Francisco, but there are downsides.","We've seen growing traffic congestion and gridlock on our streets due to the huge influx of new workers here in our city. We've seen a growing housing crisis, housing affordability crisis, to the point where the median rent right now for a one-bedroom apartment is $3,500 a month.","Unbelievable.","Yeah. And then sort of related to this, our homelessness crisis - tens of thousands of our community members continue to live unsheltered on the streets due just to the growing economic divide here in our city."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : bunch of its residents implies many people living within the area ","questions":"Which city is mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"San-Francisco"}
{"text":[". . . can I get you to share the English translation of the poem in hieroglyphics that you wrote?","Absolutely. (Reading) There was a laugh of the Egyptian past that I will be the last to know. I asked my mom, but she didn't know. I asked my mask, but I forgot he wasn't alive.","The thing of it is, Olivier Blanchard, you put those hieroglyphics in that poem in the front of an economics textbook. And, in fact, every line seems to indicate something about economic thought. Or am I just projecting?","I think you're just projecting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) is a straightforward denial of B's implied meaning, and does not carry any additional implied meanings beyond that.","questions":"How would you describe PersonA's response to PersonB's interpretation of the hieroglyphics in the poem?","answer":"Projecting"}
{"text":["You know, it's a tremendous feeling. You really feel like you have a view from the shoulders of generations. You know, I'm a fifth-generation member of the association, and we've been working for this moment implicitly since our founding and really explicitly since 1960. You know, just generations of activists registering people to vote. You know, suing local governments to make sure that blacks could run for various offices.","But you know, work has been done by generations with discipline to get us to a point where finally, 230 years after - 232 years after the founding of this republic, we have a multi-racial, multi-gender race. And it's incredible.","Let's go back to some of the practical issues because it strikes me that one of the people who certainly knows so much about politics, Donna Brazile, mentioned something about what can go wrong with the vote. In the year 2000, her sister encountered problems. She was asked by authorities to provide multiple forms of ID on her way to vote. And she called up Donna, and Donna, of course, was like, well, that's not the way things are supposed to work.","Right."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is being implied that her sister was not treated according to law.","questions":"Which sister?","answer":"Donna"}
{"text":["Well, for me it's almost anything that I'm sent and asked to click on in which somebody else is supposedly really embarrassing themselves. And I'm supposed to find this funny. I'm supposed to enjoy the spectacle. But it's just a physical response that I can't, you know. I clench sort of every muscle in my body and I can barely bring myself to watch it and then end up pressing stop. So, you know, examples would be the recording that was around this week of an employee of a cable company attempting to make a departing customer stay using all sorts of extraordinary arguments, I'm told. I'm told it was very embarrassing for the cable company employee. But I don't know because I can't bring myself to listen to it.","The guy who proposed marriage to a woman at the ballpark - you know about this one?","Oh, this is going to be a wedding proposal that is rejected in public, I think?","Yeah, that's it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn (2): The speaker is implying that the person proposing marriage to a woman at the ballpark is likely to be rejected in public. ","questions":"How is the marriage proposal at the ballpark likely to end?","answer":"Rejected"}
{"text":["Why?","Because it's like they don't have an agenda. They are just naturally funny.","I see a little boy break a grown man down so bad, one time, in the mall. We was in the sunglass department. The man tried on the sunglasses, he put the glasses on, he looked down at the little boy, he said, how these look?Little boy looked at him, he said, \"They look good, now all you got to do is get your teeth fixed. \"","Kids don't have an agenda. They just say what they see and then old people they just tell the truth. So - so, you know. I live in South Florida. And where I live is a predominantly retirement community. And one day, you know, how the new - the new fashion thing is your bra strap shows. You know, you could wear like a tube top and you have a fashion bra-bra, fashionable bra one. So I'm standing in line at the post office and this old lady taps me on the shoulder, she goes, sweetheart, your bra is showing.","And I look at her like, but it's pink. So I love that. I love people that are like generally funny and just on it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The little boy insulted the man's teeth and the old lady pointed out the bra strap","questions":"What did the old lady point out to A?","answer":"Brastrap"}
{"text":["A slow cooker does seem to be good for jam - doesn't it?- because it takes. . .","It is great.",". . . A lot of the drudgery out, yeah.","Yeah, it takes a lot of that stirring - and, you know, the worst thing you can do with a jam is spend an arduous amount of time cleaning fruit, getting it together and getting it into a pot and then torching and scorching the bottom of it because of an open flame and a little bit too high heat. The slow cooker really just mellows that out."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The slow cooker is a much easier and less time-consuming way to make jam.","questions":"What appliance makes jam easier and less time-consuming?","answer":"Cooking"}
{"text":["We often ignore the unevolved brain or what's sometimes called the reptilian brain. So zombies exist in the reptilian brain in the movies. And as it turns out, in the real world, humans have what we sometimes refer to as our zombie brain. And you might think about it as autopilot.","Like when you're driving the car. And you sort of zone out. And you don't even remember the way that you got to where you're going.","That's the perfect example.","And there are real-world applications for this speculation, right?Because there are murder cases where the perpetrator says that they zoned out. And there's a big debate about how conscious they were of what they were doing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The reptillian brain is a person who has not been educated. Zombie brain is where people don't think about what they are doing.","questions":"Which brain is sometimes referred to as autopilot?","answer":"Zombie"}
{"text":["I got a glance over the weekend, and the sky was beautifully blue. I mean, really, it was wonderful. And the air pollution index for that day was exceedingly low. Also, it was like 17. That's lowest since I've been keeping track.","This, I think, has to do with changes in weather patterns that appeared to start somewhere in the first week of August. The arrival of rainfall and winds from the northeast and form the northwest, which would bring in cleaner air, and in particular lack of strong winds from the south that would bring up the heavy levels of pollution.","Yet, you've said earlier that the air pollution in Beijing mostly blows in from elsewhere. So these steps that the city officials have taken in recent months with changing traffic patterns and closing factories, really, that's not a factor here?","Well, you know, I've been looking at the day they very carefully tried to decide what is really going on this summer. We know that the controls did something. It's just that I, at least, am unable to pick out their effects in the data so far."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"got a glance\" means \"saw briefly\" rather than \"obtained a glance\"","questions":"Which word did turn 1 use to describe the winds that would bring in cleaner air?","answer":"Saw"}
{"text":[". . . They make you very proud.","What can you tell us about Paola Zambrano and Mark Gorman?","Both of these kids were awesome young people. Paola - Paola, you know, died when she was going to be a junior, so she finished two years of high school. And, you know, during her freshman year, she was diagnosed with colon cancer. And we knew it was a serious situation. And we, you know, quite frankly didn't think that she'd be - you know, continue down that road of going to high school because we knew it was terminal.","And, you know, to her credit, she decided she was going to keep coming every day, had great attendance, went through her chemos and her therapies and was a model student for her family and for herself. She was very - a very proud young lady. And she had hopes and dreams beyond high school that unfortunately she was never. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Although the speaker uses the phrase \"went through her chemos and her therapies\" in a literal sense, the actual meaning is that Paola underwent cancer treatment, which included chemotherapy and other therapies.","questions":"What did Paola go through?","answer":"Treatment"}
{"text":["Well, how much were the islands able to prepare for Hurricane Dorian?I mean, to stock up on adequate supplies, to make sure people got to shelters safely. Do you think there was enough time in advance?","Oh, absolutely. From the first module that came up that showed the path of Dorian. Based on experience, Grand Bahama and even the other islands - we've weathered many ferocious storms. And so it has become our way of life. Can you imagine six months out of a year, you're in a hurricane basin?And at any point from June 1 to November 30, you could be struck with a hurricane, whether a Category 1 or Category 5. We remind the public that it is, you know, their duty to prepare themselves and their families for any disaster, whether it's natural or man-made.","So over the next 24 hours, tell us what you're going to be looking for. What are the main priorities?","Over the next 24 hours, the storm will still be impacting the northwest Bahamas at some level because we were hearing, based on the predictions, this storm would not be clear out of the Bahamas until about Wednesday. So we're still expecting the level of damage that kind of strength would do on a flat island. We know we have to rebuild. That's obvious."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Surviving hurricanes is a common occurrence and a way of life for the Bahamians.","questions":"What has become a way of life for the Bahamians?","answer":"Surviving"}
{"text":["Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn B: The actual meaning of \"Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK\" is that listeners can call in to participate in the conversation. The phone numbers are not meant to be taken literally as a topic of discussion.","questions":"Which number is not meant to be taken literally?","answer":"1-800-989-8255,1-800-989-TALK."}
{"text":["Now, you mentioned play acting. Is there any evidence to show that there's an interesting crime stories that can lead to some people to actually, you know, commit crimes like copycat?","Well, of course. And this is a concern. I wrote a book on violence in a workplace a number of years ago. And whenever, we see an act of violence in the workplace, there's always going to be a copycat somewhere in the country. Let me just quickly say this though. We saw in the inauguration of our new president, Obama, an amazingly hopeful thing. More than a million people, I don't remember the exact number, stood together and there wasn't one arrest.","That's right.","Now, that is an amazing thing. Nowhere in America does that take place except there. So, we have to be thinking that his words choose hope over fear demonstrated with more than a million people staying together and no crime being committed, you know, is a story for the future of hopefulness. But I think that speaks to another element of why we're fascinated with crime, Tony, and that's the sense of compassion. Either you believe people are good or believe people are bad, I believe people are good. But I think that one reason that we are interested in crime is because it allows us to feel our compassion, not only a compassion for the victim but sometimes compassions for the perpetrator."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Is there any evidence to show people will commit crimes similar to what they read or see. The person says that anytime there is workplace violence in one location another person will do the same thing in another location.","questions":"What is the concern that PersonA mentions in response to PersonB's question about play acting and crime stories?","answer":"Compassion."}
{"text":["And how do you?","So what we found works the best is you need champions within that community. You need strong, influential voices that are going to say we need to accept these girls and women back, and the children. These are victims, it was not their fault. They're part and parcel of our society. So what we do is we identify not just the traditional religious and community leaders, but also those who have an influential voice amongst the women in particular in the community, so that they can become those carriers of the messages that these girls, these women, they deserve our support. They deserve our acceptance back. And then we can open up community dialogues so that people - we can't just dismiss that communities have fear. We must address it head on and allow communities to express those fears, but with religious and traditional leaders providing that voice of reason and tolerance so that these girls and women can come back into their communities.","Rachel Harvey of UNICEF in Nigeria. Thanks for joining us.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that Rachel Harvey is grateful for the opportunity to be a part of the conversation and she appreciates the invitation.","questions":"What is Rachel Harvey's response to the invitation?","answer":"Appreciation"}
{"text":["This sounds pretty controversial and like something we want to hear about.","Yeah, it sounds really futuristic, doesn't it?","It does. It does. Let's start with the basics, though. When we say scientists want to synthesize genetic codes of living organisms - that's a big mouthful - including humans, what do we mean exactly?","Yeah. So you know, scientists know how to read the genetic code. What they want to do now is what they call write the genetic code, write DNA. And what that means is they essentially want to assemble or manufacture genomes from the chemical building blocks it's made of for all kinds of living organisms, including, as you said, people. And they want to be able do it in their labs quickly, efficiently and cheaply so it becomes something really practical and easy to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A is implying that the topic is something that is futuristic, or ahead of its time.","questions":"How would you describe the tone of PersonA's statement?","answer":"Futuristic"}
{"text":["Finally, Mike, the Super Bowl is usually one huge party. But given the current economy, do you think it'll be as big of a celebration?","Officially, they give figures that are absolutely impossible to check about how much the Super Bowl adds to the economy. $300 million is one of the official totals. But I've read different economists saying the impact on a local economy is very small. And I have informally talked to some limo drivers and talked to some people who work in hotels. And they said, you know, a year ago, if you told them the Super Bowl was going to be here, they would've thought they'd all be booked up by now. But you can still get a limo maybe on Friday and Saturday, maybe not Sunday going to the game.","So it does - and another indication is that there used to be two huge parties sponsored by Playboy and Maxim, and Playboy is not having its party. So that's the economic indicator of this Super Bowl, that Playboy is not having its party.","NPR's Mike Pesca in Tampa, Florida for this weekend's Super Bowl. Thanks Mike."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : the super bowl is the nfl finals, not a huge dish or bowl; economy is not liteally hit by the super bowl, but affected by it","questions":"How is the economy affected by the Super Bowl?","answer":"Affected"}
{"text":["Companies like Morgan Stanley, UBS, GE Financial, American Express all plan to use this new facility, and industrial companies will probably follow suit. Now, usually, this is not a market that the government has had any role in, at least as a direct lender. It used to be that these IOU's were bought by financial institutions, money market, mutual funds, and the like. The loans weren't too sexy, they weren't very risky, and the interest rate wasn't anything to write home about.","But all that changed after the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Holders of commercial paper started worrying that these corporate IOU's weren't so safe, so they stopped buying them. And then perfectly healthy businesses have been since finding it difficult and expensive to get hold of cash. So now, the Fed will become the lender of last resort yet again and try to jump start lending by others.","And then so - and loosen the credit, the credit crunch. And so, is this move - will it be more promising than all the others we've seen so far to try to loosen credit?","You know, in short, the answer is yes, with the caveat of probably. Every economist I've talked to or seen quoted today thinks this is a pretty safe move by the Fed. The government simply has to get financial institutions back to lending money more than a day at a time."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : More promising implies very beneficial and advantageous ","questions":"How would you describe the potential outcome of the new facility mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Promising"}
{"text":["Why?You know, if you've screw it up, what?You, like, lost 99 cents or $5?I mean, that's money. I'm not saying that that's not important, but God, when I use the cooking - when I lived in New York, it's like, if I screwed up, it was $30 down the drain.","Many of Christiane's recipes come from her own imagination. Others are adaptations from culinary classics like the \"Joy of Cooking\" and \"The Moosewood Cookbook. \"She says she realizes the low-budget nature of her book may not be appetizing to all palates. The 99-cent price tag does have a bit of a stigma.","I feel the same way sometimes. I'm a snob. I'll admit it. And so, you know, sometimes if I cook it, I'm like, oh, I'm pulling the ham out of the can. I don't know.","And maybe it's the ham, maybe it's not."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Using canned ham is not ideal or high quality.","questions":"How does PersonA describe their approach to cooking?","answer":"Snob"}
{"text":["And it all comes down really to these apple trees. The husband, James, is obsessed with apples, growing the sweet apples. She, Sadie, the mother, is - well, she's a drunk. She's looking for applejack. She likes the spitters - not the eaters - the spitters.","Yes, and Johnny Appleseed is a little bit like her drug dealer because he comes along twice a year in his canoe to see how they're doing. And he sometimes takes off the barrels of apples and brings them back pressed for them as cider. And, you know, I don't think he does it maliciously, but he is, as I said, he's a businessman. So he's got a slightly different take on it all.","And why don't you describe what Johnny Appleseed looks like in your novel as you paint him?","Actually, some of the myth is true. He did sometimes wear a tin pot for a hat. His clothing was interesting, shall we say?He often wore a coffee sack that he cut holes out of and a rope for a belt. So, yeah, he was a strange guy. He was actually making all this money, not for himself, but really because he was what they called a Swedenborgian, a very peculiar Christian sect. And Johnny Appleseed spent a lot of time proselytizing. And he'd go on this kind of rant, and a lot of the settlers - I read some hilarious accounts of them going, oh, this guy, we don't understand a word he's saying, but, you know, he's kind of entertaining, so he's harmless."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Johnny Appleseed's proselytizing and peculiar behavior may be seen as harmless by some settlers, but it also alienates him from others who do not understand or agree with his beliefs.","questions":"How do some settlers view Johnny Appleseed's behavior?","answer":"Harmless"}
{"text":["Yes. In Los Angeles, we made a commitment a number of years ago to only purchase any new buses into our fleet that would operate on alternative fuels. And what we have today is the largest compressed natural gas bus fleet in the country. And that's doing a lot to help improve our air quality here.","What's the difference between compressed natural gas and regular gasoline in terms of, you know, how it affects the environment?","Well compressed natural gas is a much cleaner fuel.","You know, let's just take a look at Los Angeles' demographics. You have people from incredibly wealthy to incredibly poor. You have immigrants, native-born people who've come here from other parts of the U. S. , people, of course, who were born here. How do you think L. A. 's demographics affect the need for public transportation?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The demographics of Los Angeles may affect the demand for public transportation.","questions":"Which aspect of Los Angeles' population may affect the need for public transportation?","answer":"demographics"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, a big one can come from any number of faults here in Southern California. So if you looked at a map of Southern California and wanted to imagine all the faults, just throw a pile of spaghetti down on it, and all those little strands would be faults all over the place. These - this set of faults is inland from the San Andreas.","And so there was a less-than-1% chance that we would've had an above-7. 0 magnitude earthquake yesterday following the 6. 4 on Thursday, and that happened. As of today, there is a less-than-2% chance that we could see another magnitude 7 today, but we're going to have to see how that shakes out.","The San Andreas is not directly impacted by these faults, as far as we know. But there are a whole lot of faults in that area that might've taken a strain of some of these smaller faults that - when they released all their energy, because that strain doesn't just go away. It has to go somewhere else. And some of the other faults in the area took it on.","And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Shakes out implies how things come out in the end","questions":"How does the phrase \"shakes out\" relate to the earthquake situation?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["And then - yeah, Barack Obama has a sort of different place in the\u2026","Sure.","\u2026stratosphere.","He has political legitimacy in a way that neither Sharpton nor Jackson enjoy. Jesse Jackson was the lineman who get the ugly, brutal work in the trenches of American racial warfare to open up a space for Barack Obama to be graceful and nimble as he - as a running back, so speak, with the football, that the highest prize of American political life - hopefully, people who support him believe - the presidency of the United States, so he is able to run with that goal in mind with grace and aplomb because Jesse Jackson did the heavy lifting and brutal, nasty, bloody work, and others to be sure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The phrase \"stratosphere\" is figurative language to describe the high level of esteem and respect that Obama has from the public.","questions":"How is the level of esteem and respect for Obama described?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["As we started reporting on this, I mean, everyone in higher education seemed to say, like, yeah, it's a problem - we all knew that it was a problem for so long, and nothing has really changed the system, changed the culture. Could this be the moment?Or is there a feeling in the field of education that, I mean, it's just so entrenched that it's going to be very hard to change the system?","Well, I have seen a lot of conversations about kind of how do we get low-income students to kind of get into college?It's certainly renewed a conversation around legacy admissions, which is the system that gives extra points to students whose parents or siblings already attended a specific school. And there's also a renewed interest in schools that don't require the college entrance exams like the ACT or the SAT, though the College Board, the company behind the SAT, says using an outside assessment actually makes it harder to pull off fraud.","But even this idea of college as nonprofit status, like, should they have this if they're not really an open-access organization or serving the greater public?So these are kind of the things that I'm keeping an eye on, and we'll see what happens.","All right. Quite a story to follow. NPR education reporter Elissa Nadworny. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Legacy admissions and college entrance exams are unfair to low-income students.","questions":"Which admissions practice is being questioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Legacy-admissions"}
{"text":["Every president in his or - his - well, I should say his or her. Every president in their first year has an unexpected crisis, whether it's national security, a natural disaster, domestic unrest. This is certainly shaping up to be Donald Trump's unexpected crisis. And I think he realizes that. And the stakes are getting higher, and I think that's why he's lashing out more because I think he realizes what's going on.","It's moved to the capital. As we said Secretary Price has resigned, but at least three more Cabinet members face similar accusations about charter jets. Whatever happened to them, can the Trump administration say they'll drain the swamp when they seem to be flying over it in private jets?","You, know, this reminds me of that line from \"The Godfather\" about Mr.  Corleone likes his bad news early. Donald Trump is not like bad news. And this was starting to spread to other cabinet members, obviously. And I think the we'll-see when he was asked whether Trump - I mean, whether Price should resign was his way of signaling, yes. And sure enough, Tom Price offered his resignation. And unlike the Session's case, the president accepted it because I think he sees this for the irony that it is of his own cabinet doing what he campaigned exactly against.","Is the Republican Party offering much of a profile of leadership at the moment?- can't get Repeal and Replace passed, the tax code seems - proposal seems fuzzy, federal response seems to certainly be slow if not negligent in Puerto Rico. We could go on."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) - The actual meaning is that Donald Trump likely wanted Tom Price to resign as Secretary of Health and Human Services after facing criticism for his use of private jets. Trump campaigned against government corruption, so this situation is ironic.","questions":"What was the name of the Secretary who faced criticism for his use of private jets?","answer":"Price"}
{"text":["Shannon, of course, we're dealing with a breaking news event. And it's the inclination of and the policy of this news organization to be conservative rather than to be inaccurate. We know that people are going to see and hear another - other numbers that are out there. We are reporting what we can confirm at the moment. There is a suspect in custody. As I understand it, the area is still not considered safe. They're asking people to remain in their homes, yes?","That's right. They're warning people to stay inside their homes, stay away from the area of the synagogue. And also, reportedly, according to the synagogue's website, this was the busiest service, the most packed service of the week for the synagogue, the Saturday morning service. So we can expect that there were probably multiple people inside the synagogue at the time.","So there's a suspect in custody. Police at the same time have to be worried that perhaps someone else could be involved, and that's why the area - why they're still telling people to shelter in place.","That's right. Until, you know, fairly recently this morning, it was an active shooter situation. The details of the shooting, whether there were more than one person involved, we don't know that yet, or even a motive."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The news organization prioritizes accuracy over speed in reporting breaking news (1 suspect in custody confirmed)","questions":"How does the news organization approach breaking news?","answer":"Conservatively"}
{"text":["A year or so ago, the world was turned upside down - or part of the world was turned upside down - when we decided that it was it OK to say over ten instead of more than ten. And the internet change has brought a lot of reaction, too. Somebody tweeted, after we announced the change, AP has lowercased internet. Somewhere tonight, galaxies are burning.","(Laughter) And you know what?The AP and NPR will be there to cover them.","Absolutely.","Tom Kent, standards editor of the Associated Press. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The controversy and uproar caused by the change to saying \"over ten\" instead of \"more than ten\" is amusing.","questions":"How was the world turned upside down?","answer":"Language"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me.","Let me begin with this. A Libyan general yesterday announced a military takeover that apparently wasn't. So, what happened?","Well, basically, it was a television-only coup. He came on television saying that government is no longer in power, that parliament is no longer in power and their troops have taken the buildings. But on the ground, people were drinking cappuccinos. There were no forces. There is no military to command. And so it became a sort of a source of laughter and derision among Libyans, looking at a country that doesn't even have a military and former military commanders trying to overthrow a government that barely functions.","And what does this tell us perhaps about the state of the Libyan government now and what drives society there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning: B is asking for analysis or insights regarding the current state of the Libyan government and the factors that influence society. The implied meaning: B is seeking a deeper understanding of the implications and consequences of the television-only coup, possibly in relation to the stability and functioning of the government and the societal dynamics in Libya.","questions":"How is PersonB seeking a deeper understanding of the situation in Libya?","answer":"Deeper"}
{"text":["It turned into sand. We're going to stick with that.","(Laughter).","We atomized the entire thing.","So you get a sense of how this whole thing is going. Obviously, we should then inject alcohol into the situation. For his new show, Brad spent some time around Austin, Texas. So to cap off the visit, we made a cocktail - a paloma made out of a spirit called sotol, distilled from a plant that grows in the Texas desert."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : So you get a sense of how this whole thing is going. - This implies that the speaker wants the listener to understand the context and overall direction of the conversation.","questions":"Which turn implies the PersonA's experience with a cocktail made out of a spirit distilled from a plant that grows in the Texas desert?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["And why did it bother you that so many church leaders didn't mention the obvious, that the Pulse was a gay nightclub?","Well, it seemed a real failure to try to understand that community. One of my theology professors said that in the Gospels, for Jesus, sin is often a failure to bother to love. And it seemed to me a failure to bother to love this particular community in their real moment of grief.","You quote with approval the words of an Australian bishop who says quote, \"we cannot talk about the integrity of creation, the universal and inclusive love of God, while at the same time colluding with the forces of oppression and the ill-treatment of racial minorities, women and homosexual persons. \"","Why is that statement even remotely controversial to some?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: Some people find it controversial to accept that God loves everyone equally.","questions":"What is the subject of controversy in the statement mentioned in the turn?","answer":"Subject"}
{"text":["He ended up in a small town in Alabama where he did have an encounter with a local police officer. At that point, he told police he had had a canoeing accident. They led him to a local motel. He checked in, paid cash. The police came back later to try to locate him. And by that time, he'd wandered off into the woods.","Why might Mr.  Schrenker want people to believe he was dead?","Well, it turns out he faces just a host of financial problems, also some personal problems, I might add. The Indiana Securities Division, the Indiana Insurance Commissioner are both looking into very serious allegations of misappropriated money from his financial company.","And do you think, even given these problems, he might have had enough assets to help him flee the country?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He did not have a canoeing accident, he was running away from something.","questions":"What was the reason for Mr. Schrenker's encounter with the local police officer in Alabama?","answer":"Running"}
{"text":["My father had, you know, good collections of music from Marvin Gaye, Philip Coutre(ph) to Bob Marley. He had it all. And he was a cameraman, and he used the music to do something special with the pictures. You know, while he's playing I would sneak around and just listen. So I think music started for me then.","Were you ever in a situation, Asa, where you were torn between - because you mention your dad had Motown and Marvin Gaye, torn between the American urban music and the more traditional music of Nigeria and in Africa.","That was in, you know. It was between American, the West, you know, influence and then the church music and the street music, traditional music from Nigeria.","Now, let me make sure I heard you clearly. Did you say that it was a sin or that's what was in?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Was the person ever in a situation where he had to make a hard choice between American and Nigerian music.","questions":"What was the person torn between?","answer":"American"}
{"text":["I mean, imagine you go into the polls believing that migrants, refugees in general, receive much more sort of support than our pensioners and that migrants are violent and rape women and that climate change isn't real. Like, if you actually believe all those things because you have been lied to, I believe that clearly shifts your, at least, voting intention - maybe even stay home 'cause you lost trust in democracy or nearly is altogether. And that is a real threat. It's not just, oh, on the day before the elections, there's a fake news about your voting station. That's not what we're seeing.","What we're seeing is, like, long-term disinformation campaigns with the aim to drive us apart, to deceive us. And as a democracy, we need to stand up and, right now, say, now we vote even more because we believe that democracy's our strength, and we will not be manipulated by this type of behavior.","Christoph Schott, thank you.","Thank you very much. There was a joy."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Believing false information can impact voting decisions and democracy.","questions":"What is the potential consequence of being misled by false information during an election?","answer":"Decisions"}
{"text":["Like we have a song together called, \"You Think You Got It Bad. \"And what I do is, you know, we'll play the track. Then we'll ask him what do he think it needs?And he goes in the studio and do it. You know, it's never something like boy, you can write something for somebody else. You just have to leave everybody creatively open and just hope that it'll all work out.","(Singing) Everything happens for a reason. . .","Now, one of your collaborators, T. I. , was just sentenced to jail on weapons charges. He's, you know, hasn't started serving, yet. But you spent some time in jail yourself. And do you have any advice for someone like T. I. on how to deal with doing time?","Yeah. I think, you know, it is an opportunity. I mean, it's kind of a sad opportunity. I hate to, you know, get an opportunity to have a lot of time with yourself like that. But seeing as if you do, you have the ability to focus on something completely. You have no other outside circumstances that just need your attention like that. You know, he could, you know, write songs. He could find the cure to cancer. He could do anything, man."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"find the cure to cancer\" - The actual meaning of this phrase is to discover a treatment or cure for cancer. However, the intended meaning could be that this is an opportunity for T.I. to focus on something positive and productive, rather than simply serving time in prison.","questions":"How could T.I. use his time in jail?","answer":"Anything"}
{"text":["I did a little research. Paul Cluxton is now running a car dealership.","Is that right?","Yeah. So what do you see in your future?","It's hard to tell right now. I'm just trying to get a good education and see where that takes me.","Want to play basketball in the pros?","Yeah, that's definitely a dream of mine. To play overseas somewhere would be pretty awesome. And so I'm always going to work towards that. But for right now, I'm just not really sure what I'm going to do after college. But just trying to live each day and then try to get better in every aspect."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : running implies a business and not to chase or purse like in a race","questions":"How does running relate to Paul Cluxton's current occupation?","answer":"Occupation"}
{"text":["But shouldn't you at least offer the people you're polling the option of checking that box as one of the issues?","In terms of?","Of, you know, as climate change or renewable energy, things like that. The choice is not even offered on the sheet of things that you - that is on your radar screen.","Yeah. Well, this is actually a really important point, is that when you look at - and I'll just come back to media coverage as an example. You know, for most people, this is an issue that's invisible. I mean, you can look out your window right this moment, and there's CO2 pouring out of tailpipes, out of smokestacks, out of buildings, but you can't see it, and likewise you can't see the impacts unless you know where to look. In fact, the only way most Americans even know about this issue is because of what they've learned about it in the media. They're not reading the peer-reviewed literature. They don't know scientists personally. They're learning about it through the media. And when the media doesn't report this issue, it's literally out of sight and out of mind."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"on your radar screen\" - This is also a figurative expression meaning something that is being monitored or tracked, rather than a literal radar screen.","questions":"What is the figurative expression used in the dialogue to refer to something being monitored or tracked?","answer":"Monitored"}
{"text":["How was that?","Well, it was astonishing. I think that the grown-ups around us were much too confused themselves to be able to sort of sit down and tell us that when they said that television sets belong to Satan, maybe they hadn't been right. Suddenly, we've got a television set in our house. Suddenly, we've got a radio. . .","Oh, boy.",". . . (Laughter) In our house. And suddenly, we're being taken to go and see \"Gone With The Wind\" in the cinema."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) - The speaker is expressing surprise and disbelief at the changes that have taken place in the household. ","questions":"Which emotion is the speaker conveying in turn 3?","answer":"Surprise"}
{"text":["What's a fuel hedge?Explain that.","A fuel hedge is basically a financial contract that you buy in the commodity market where you essentially pre-buying fuel. So Southwest CEO, Gary Kelly, back in 2003, as the U. S.  was preparing to go to war in Iraq, just decided that the war in the Middle East wasn't probably good for oil prices, and he went out and bought a lot of oil ahead of time. Pre-bought it, and that has paid off in billions of dollars of profits for the airline.","And this continues from 2003?Do they continue to buy fuel ahead?Because the price of oil over the last year, I mean, it keeps going up and up. At some point you would think they would say we're not going to buy anymore.","You know it's fascinating because a lot of people thought Southwest hedges would fade out. They did make that big bet when prices were in the 30's, but they kept buying and they have continued to buy. They have most of their oil bought for this year at about 57 dollars a barrel. If you don't have hedges, you're right now paying about 120 something dollars a barrel. And they've bought fuel all the way out to 2012 as of today."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Southwest has bought fuel all the way out to 2012 as of today","questions":"Which year did Southwest buy fuel up to?","answer":"2012"}
{"text":["Out of respect, I don't want to go there, out of curiosity I do.","How much are you willing to tell us about how your innocence was stolen from you?","Well, growing up in a Christian family, you would have thought what happened to me would never happen because my mother loved me and she was very much aware of who I am, but I was a very mature little girl. And at 14, I was allowed to have a crush on a man who was 21. And because he was worldly, and had money, and he'd been in the Navy, you know, and I was, like, all little girls seek older men and we go, Oh my God, he's so cute. Oh my God, oh my God, oh my God.","Well, somehow in there my father wasn't watching, my mother was watching very closely and thought she could handle the situation and she allowed this relationship to happen. It should not have happened. I should not have been allowed to date a man, it made me have insecurities at an early age that I should never have had, but a man who could manipulate a little girl's mind and her heart. He was allowed to do things he shouldn't have done."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A was taken advantage of by a manipulative older man in her youth.","questions":"How was PersonA's innocence stolen?","answer":"Manipulation"}
{"text":["And what we found in these focus groups was that most people, Democrats and Republicans in this - in the sort of middle of the spectrum, they did think there was something there with the investigation. They thought it was a good thing for it to be investigated. Maybe some of the Republicans felt it was going on too long. But you see this in polls as well. People generally supported the investigation, thought it was merited. And they were confused by it, frankly. They weren't - they weren't following all of the twists and turns of it.","It's a hard story to follow (laughter).","Even for those of us whose job it is to follow it, it can be confusing. And that's certainly true for the public. It wasn't that it was confusing and therefore shouldn't exist. They thought it was a - it was a good thing. But they certainly could not tell you every twist and turn.","NPR conducted a poll with PBS News Hour and Marist. And that poll found that 78 percent of Republicans are now satisfied with the investigation, 35 percent of Democrats and about half of independents. That seems to have literally flipped the script. Is that similar to what you heard?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer","questions":"Which turn reveals that most people supported the investigation regardless of the confusion surrounding it?","answer":"0"}
{"text":["Yeah. Yeah.","It could've taken a long time to write.","Yeah. Some playwright, you know, trying to, trying to, you know, solve the Alzheimer's problem. So, yeah.","But it can pull you in, right?You know, these mysteries of science."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The playwright is not really trying to solve Alzheimer's problem.","questions":"What is the real intention behind the playwright's work?","answer":"Exploration."}
{"text":["Yes.",". . . Following the election in 2000, when - and I'm sure the news industry was part of it.","(Laughter).","A lot of people said, how can the greatest country in the - you know, you can go to an ATM and get $200. Why can't we have a sleek, electronic voting system in this country?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The United States should be able to implement a modern, reliable, and efficient electronic voting system given its technological and economic advantages.","questions":"How should the United States' voting system be modernized?","answer":"Modernized"}
{"text":["No, he didn't get to see it until it was finished, and by the end, that had ceased to be the main subject. Charlie Fairburn, as you say, is a successful screenplay writer and has had a hit with a film called \"Aliens With A Human Heart,\" which he's not altogether proud of, and so he wants to write something serious before he dies. And he thinks, first of all, he'll write about his immediate situation, but then he decides to write about consciousness studies. But that novel within the novel is wrapped around by a journal that he's writing about his immediate situation.","Tell us what went into the character of Angelique, the compulsive gambler with whom Charlie begins to keep company.","Well, he went into the casino hoping to lose his money in order to become this artist driven by poverty. He's horrified when he ends up much richer than he was at the beginning of the evening. He's sitting at the bar and this - there is Angelique with a symmetrical disappointment. She's lost all her money, and so he gives her his unwanted winnings, and they begin a passionate affair. But all of the incidents in this novel are really an attempt to look into the nature of consciousness.","When you're writing, how do you know when something is funny?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implies to ask for advice from the writer on how to craft humor in writing.","questions":"What is the writer's expertise in humor?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["The incident that I wrote about in the column, I remember it because it was so rare. You know, you'll see some passengers looking at other passengers in perhaps a rude manner - like if you see someone wearing a niqab and other passengers are sort of gaping at them rudely. That happens. But for a passenger to say, this person is suspicious - and, you know, it may be for racist or Islamophobic reasons - it's extremely rare.","Do you recall any stories?","What happened was we were flying from south Florida to JFK. And a middle-aged white women leaned forward, and she whispered to me. She said, there is a man four people behind me in a green shirt, and he is very suspicious. And I immediately thought, this woman might be racist; I also need to take her seriously. So I asked her, what is he doing?Can you describe for me what about him is suspicious?And she just said, you'll see. And so I thought, OK, well then, I must be able to see something. When he came down, he just seemed completely normal. He was not jittery in any way. He was not looking around suspiciously. His clothing was normal. The green shirt was a Green Bay Packers shirt. It was football season. And. . .","As a Bears fan, I would also immediately pick on the Green Bay Packers fan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - The speaker is suggesting that they should take the green shirt as a possible sign of suspicion, despite the fact that it was football season and the man was wearing a Green Bay Packers shirt.","questions":"Which color was the suspicious man's shirt?","answer":"Green"}
{"text":["So even though there are contaminations or contaminants that can affect the meteorite, there is definitely a lot of information that you can learn about these. In fact, you know, a lot of times people wonder, you know, meteoritics is such a small sort of niche of very specialized science. But everything that we understand about the beginnings of the Earth, everything that we understand about beginnings of the solar system, what we're made of, what the planet's made of, the age of the Earth, all of that comes from studying meteorites. And, you know, we can learn a lot from that.","Would that be a good topic for a novel, do you think?","Absolutely. There are actually quite a few novels that have been written about meteorite impacts and, you know, microbes being carried over here from other places. And yes, there are science fiction books that I've certainly read very avidly about that, but, yes. . .","So what is the holy grail of a meteorite collector?What do you really wish for some day?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : not the literal grail or cup\/platter used by jesus, but the most important thing or idea","questions":"How would you describe the ultimate goal of a meteorite collector?","answer":"Information"}
{"text":["I think there are millennials that are doing fine. I think that when you talk about wealth transfer, what's really interesting is Americans over 62 are 80 percent white. And so when you look at these wealth transfers, white millennials are five times more likely to receive an inheritance than millennials of color. Forty-five percent of millennials are non-white. That's going to exacerbate inequality within the millennial generation. And so we're already seeing this where cities are becoming concentrations of wealth. Cities have better social services, better hospitals, better schools. And it's only the kids whose white parents can get them into those engines of opportunity, that are able to access those better services.","What do you think the responsibility of the boomer generation is at this moment?","I think, really, to think about the ways that their kids have it harder than them. Right now, the growth is going to people primarily who own land, who own homes, who own stock. Those are all people that are disproportionately old. And we need to find ways, systematically, to share those gains with people that are younger.","And I hesitate to ask this, but what is the responsibility of the millennial generation?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Inheritance inequality perpetuates disparities within the millennial generation.","questions":"Which generation is affected by inheritance inequality according to turn 0?","answer":"Millennial"}
{"text":["Yeah. Everyone agrees that our prescription drug costs are too high - both right and left - you know, Democrat, Republican. It's one of the few points of information, points of fact that everyone agrees on. The problem is everyone disagrees on how best to tackle that. And there are a lot of forces that are resisting any change at all.","The bipartisan solution which Senator Klobuchar and Senator John McCain have proposed is allowing prescription drug imports from other countries, so we allow for a global competition in the sense of, you know, if everyone else is getting a better deal than us, why can't we buy our prescription drugs from there the same way we buy our, you know, refrigerators and cars?","Elisabeth Rosenthal, editor-in-chief of Kaiser Health News and author of \"An American Sickness: How Health Care Became Big Business And How You Can Take It Back. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The conversation is coming to an end and Elisabeth Rosenthal is being thanked for her valuable insights.","questions":"Which person is being thanked for their valuable insights?","answer":"Elisabeth-Rosenthal"}
{"text":["I think Senator Clinton is prepared to carry forward into her service as secretary of state the change of heart that she underwent in the last several years regarding the war in Iraq. She was for it in the first place. She saw it as necessary in the wake of 9\/11. She was, after all, the senator from New York, and she was, I think, in fairness, we can say, anticipating running for president at some future date against a Republican who would try to make her seem relatively a lightweight on national security.","She has seen it all in a different light, of course, and in running for president in 2008, while she did not ever say she had made a mistake, and she never really repudiated her vote for the war, she did make it clear that she had changed her mind about it. So, I think that she is in harmony with the general thinking of the other members of the national security and foreign policy team here, including, of course, the president-elect himself.","Although the president-elect did say that there would be disagreements when it came to how to approach his foreign policy objectives, he doesn't seem to be shying away from that. Where are some of those disagreements?","There could be disagreements with respect to how we deal with foreign leaders who are particularly of a mind to give the United States fits, let us say, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad of Iran, for example, other foreign leaders perhaps who might emerge in Pakistan or might emerge in other countries who are not in power there now, possibly also including Iraq."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Not shying away means he is not pretending those disagreements don't still exist.","questions":"How is the president-elect approaching disagreements?","answer":"Head-on"}
{"text":["Sure. So back in 1986, we were releasing a little over 300,000 cubic feet per second. And I know that's a number that's tough to sort of comprehend. So I think the best way it was explained to me - and this is - I kind of like this analogy - is picture 300,000 basketballs going through the dam every second. And so back then, it was 307,000 basketballs, if you will. And now we're doing 275,000.","So - but you're right. We've had this load on the levees for four or five days now, so it's a much longer exposure. And back in 1986, they did experience a breach of the levee at one particular point that was quickly responded to in - through great teamwork with the Corps and the local levee and first responders. So I wouldn't say that there's any threat or any imminent threat to a breach. You know, we're on the spot 24 hours a day, trying to look for indicators. And when we see them, we're, you know, responding almost immediately.","And to be clear, before I let you go, right now, your assessment is that you're not expecting a breach of the levee or of the dam.","That's absolutely correct. We see - you know, I've got just an amazing group of professional engineers out there every day working with the local community, and we see nothing that would lead us to believe that a breach is imminent, either of the levees or of our own infrastructure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The water flow was really high in 1986, but it's lower now.","questions":"How many basketballs were going through the dam per second in 1986?","answer":"300,000"}
{"text":["It's really - it's really unlike any other church in the city and, you know, very, very few in Europe. It's not simply a church. It's almost like stepping into a kind of medieval marketplace inside. It's enormous. It's - there's always a hurly burly. And there's always a - you know, numerous things going on in there.","Well, now, we were seeing reports that officials are saying the fire might be connected to the renovation work going on in there. You've reported on the renovations for Time. What kind of shape was the cathedral in before this fire?","Well, you know, for years they have been saying that the church was in terrible shape. And in fact, church officials had taken me up onto the roof not that long ago, when I was reporting this for Time, to show me how pieces of the building were simply dropping off. They described the gargoyles, the medieval faces on the side of the church, as being like ice cream melting in the sun. They would simply, like, drop away. The church had no money to replace them or restore them. And so they were using, like, PVC pipes to just, you know, stick on the side of the walls where the gargoyles had been. And. . .","Oh, my goodness, wow. I mean, Notre Dame is one of the most iconic symbols of Paris. Can you talk about the cultural significance of this cathedral for France?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The church is unique and busy, unlike any other church in the city and very few in Europe.","questions":"How would you describe the Notre Dame church?","answer":"Unique"}
{"text":["And you can do that just out of a gut feeling, or experience or cracking the file?Or how does that work?","Well, it uses statistics. You know, it's kind of a little bit like the whole money ball argument that we hear about baseball. But it goes through the file, and it looks, and it kind of sees that - you could say the noise in the image is not right, and often it's a little too random. It's almost a little bit too perfect, you might say.","And then the statistics comes out, and it says oh, well, you know, it gives you a number, and the number is over a threshold, and you say oh, that's an alarm bell, and I'll look at it.","It must be an interesting history to this whole steganography idea."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn 2, A is using the metaphor of \"money ball\" to refer to the use of statistics to determine if an image is a false one","questions":"How does PersonA refer to the use of statistics in determining if an image is a false one?","answer":"Money-ball"}
{"text":["Well, Michelle, we are going to miss you so much, but our listeners, they'll still be able to keep in touch with you, right?","Absolutely. I'm going to still be doing my column for the Washington Post. You can go to WashingtonPost. com. I have my own personal Web site, michellesingletary. com. And I've got a book coming out in the fall that I hope people get a hold of because it will help you during this crisis and afterwards. It's called \"The Power to Prosper: 21 days to Financial Freedom. \"And I'm going to, hopefully, come to some communities, and I hope people come out for some of the book readings.","All right Michelle, it's been a great pleasure interviewing you and speaking with you over the years. I've just loved your energy and your advice, and I wish you the very best, and thank you so much for being on our show.","You're so welcome. I'm really, really going to miss it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : She hopes people find a way to read the book that she has written.","questions":"What is the title of Michelle Singletary's upcoming book?","answer":"The-Power-to-Prosper:21-days-to-Financial-Freedom."}
{"text":["Quite a bit. They know nothing is going to happen unless Washington can help some way. That's why they want to hear the president come here and talk about people like them. And I guess I want to make it clear that nobody really wants a handout here. That's not what this is about. Nobody wants the president to come in and somehow bail out Elkhart. What we want is a chance to get back to work.","So, what is the big industry there?I've read that RVs are a big industry.","This place is commonly referred to as the RV capital of the world and, they build RVs; they build trailers; they build auto parts here. Basically, this is a place that makes stuff, and we can make virtually anything. And if this economy does shift to a green economy, if we start developing green energy sources, we can make the parts necessary to make that happen.","So, if you have a 60,000 population there and 16,000 people are out of work, that's nearly a third.","Mm-hmm. The county is bigger than 60,000, of course, and the county is. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Nobody wants to be helped when they can help themselves.","questions":"Which word describes the type of assistance that nobody wants?","answer":"Handout"}
{"text":["They were part of the crew of the USS Monitor, a celebrated Civil War ship that helped open a new era in naval warfare. The ship was ironclad, powered by steam instead of sails, and supported a rotating gun turret. The Monitor sank in a storm in 1862. Sixteen of 62 men on board went down with their ship. They were thought to be lost forever until 2002. The Monitor was being restored and the remains of two of the sailors were discovered in the turret. We're joined now by historian Anna Holloway. She's curator of the USS Monitor Center in Newport, Virginia. Thank very much for being with us.","Well, thank you so much for having me.","What do we know about these two sailors who have finally been buried?","Well, we still don't know their names, and that is one of the ongoing mysteries about these two heroes of the USS Monitor. However, as you mention, 16 men went down with the vessel, so there are 16 possibilities. Now, forensics tells us a little bit about them - their relative heights, their ages and their race - so that does narrow it down a bit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There are no turns in the given conversation that have a meaning different from their literal meanings. All the turns convey their literal meanings without any implied or figurative language.","questions":"What was the name of the ship mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"USSMonitor"}
{"text":["I am getting reports on Twitter. And I'm sure other people are seeing them. People are sending reports directly to me about things that they allege were said in the synagogue, official descriptions of the man. That's nothing we have that's verifiable or has been verified yet.","We have not confirmed those reports. And Twitter, I mean, it's a good source of information, but we can't report it until we confirm it.","It's sometimes a good source of misinformation too, isn't it?Shannon, you're going to be following this story. We have people from our local stations in Pittsburgh who are on the scene. Obviously, there's a great deal of chaos. They will be reporting the story. Thanks for being with us, Shannon Van Sant.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : We cannot trust Twitter as a reliable source of information.","questions":"What source does PersonA mention is unreliable?","answer":"Twitter"}
{"text":["No, there are hidden costs, of course. It's - basically what economists say is what you need to do is internalize the negative externalities, reveal those hidden costs. Make it so that at the meter, at the pump, we see the true cost.","Wouldn't the established energy companies go nuts?","It depends on who they are, of course. If it's a natural gas company or a company that has significant natural gas assets, they'd be excited about this if they thought it was going to be - really going to happen. That's our challenge at republicen. org, is convincing particularly some natural gas folks that really, this could happen, that the fossil fuels could become accountable. And, of course, when that happens, coal would fall much faster to the competitive pressure of natural gas. And the natural gas companies would make a lot more money off of their product. Is it the end-all?No, it isn't. Natural gas still has CO2 emissions. But it's 50 percent less emissions than coal. So that's an example of how fixing the economics would then fix the environmental consequence.","Mr.  Inglis, as you survey this field of Republican candidates for president, do you see and hear any who express your viewpoint on the climate change?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2): Implied meaning: Would the energy companies be opposed to this idea?","questions":"What is the challenge at republicen.org?","answer":"Convincing"}
{"text":["With more tariffs looming in the U. S. -China trade war, American companies are growing more pessimistic about the outlook for doing business in China. But 87% of U. S.  firms with operations in China say they still haven't moved production to another country, and they have no plans to do so. That's according to a new survey from the U. S. -China Business Council.","To find out why most plan to stay put, we've called up Jay Foreman. He's the CEO of Basic Fun. It's the toy company that makes K'Nex, Lincoln Logs, Cutetitos and Pound Puppies.","Jay Foreman, welcome.","Thank you. Glad to be here.","So I understand that currently 90% of your products are manufactured in China. Tell me why. What benefits does China offer you to base your manufacturing there?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : To find out why most plan to stay put is an implied meaning. Information from Jay Foreman will not actually reveal why the companies are not leaving. ","questions":"How does the information from Jay Foreman relate to the reason why most firms with operations in China have not moved production to another country?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["I'm doing great. So when you think about. .","You're doing better than the economy, right?","I guess so. You know, when you think about what Marcus Mabry just said, he said, this is a Wall Street issue, not a Main Street issue. Do you agree with that?","Not at all. I mean, I think he's basically right that it hits Wall Street harder than it hits Main Street, but it does hit Main Street too especially if you are an African-American and had already bumped up against a stringent credit requirement. I think that there is going to be - there's going to be several restructurings, and one thing that needs to happen is we need to talk about people's right to have access to credit and the ways that people are judged as being credit worthy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"You're doing better than the economy, right?\" The literal meaning of this sentence is that the speaker is asking whether the person they are speaking to is doing better than the economy. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is using sarcasm to imply that the economy is not doing well.","questions":"Which word does the speaker use to imply that the economy is not doing well in turn 1?","answer":"Better"}
{"text":["No, he's not. I mean, you know, these Democratic candidates, it's essentially partisanship that's slipping in. You have them pretty split amongst the general election overall - Bernie Sanders, not very well-liked overall - 55%. And President Trump himself, his approval rating is only 41%, among the highest he's had for strongly disapproving at 45%. And it looks like a lot of the economic worries over the summer are starting to take a bit of a toll on him.","So does that mean that people think - clearly they have issues with his policies. According to your poll, does it mean they think he's going to lose?","Actually, no, (laughter) that's kind of surprising here that most Americans or more Americans think he's going to win reelection than lose by a 46%-to-37% margin. You know, people have a mostly positive outlook on the economy, and that really is buoying him right now.","We also have a result from a special election in North Carolina that we need to talk about. This was for the House seat that was up for grabs. The Republican won, but the margin of victory was still pretty small. And this was someone President Trump had campaigned for. What should he and his reelection team take from this, if anything?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The positive outlook is giving him the support he needs to continue campaigning.","questions":"Which outlook is buoying him?","answer":"Economy"}
{"text":["Oh, it was like looking out across the ocean. There was water from as far as you could see both ways. And I think it was over a billion dollars worth of damage to our community and East Grand Forks. Seemed quite hopeless, but our message today is one of hope. And I think FEMA has referred to us as a poster child for flood recovery because of what we've accomplished as a community.","After the flood, the city decided some homes needed to be removed to make way for key infrastructure. How was that decision made?","Decision-making - that's the most important thing about recovery is people have to make decisions, and whether they're popular or not, to allow the recovery to occur. So we had to choose places that were in the floodplain that couldn't be rebuilt. And those entry-level homes had to be taken to build the infrastructure for the flood recovery project.","Your own home was slated to be raised to make way for this new flood system. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"slated to be raised to make way for this new flood system\" - the actual meaning is that the speaker's home was going to be demolished or relocated in order to make space for the new flood system infrastructure, rather than being physically raised or elevated.","questions":"What was the reason for the PersonA's home being moved or demolished?","answer":"Infrastructure"}
{"text":["Right now, the police - I can't tell you for sure. I can tell you as to my prosecutors, what we did is we took the supervisor and the people involved in our charging decisions, and they actually help us work the system. So the process that we have created actually was a collaboration with people in my office. So they are supportive, and they're intrigued by what it's going to look like.","Again, we want to make sure that there are no negative unintended consequences to this. So we're going to be looking at it very closely. We are working with the Sanford people to make sure that we create the right metrics, you know?The goal here is to do something that will do the right things. And part of that will be learning and seeing if there are any negative unintended consequences that - we want to go back and fix them very quickly.","That is George Gascon. He is the district attorney for the city and county of San Francisco. George Gascon, thank you so much for talking with us.","My pleasure, Michel."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The prosecutors collaborated with the supervisor to manipulate the system.","questions":"How was the process created?","answer":"Collaboration"}
{"text":["There's a new commission by the president to try to look into this attack - series of attacks. What's that commission trying to do?","Well, this is a situation, Farai, that's been growing since '94, since the end of apartheid and the election of African National Congress. The problem is this. Fundamentally, the issue of poverty has not been tackled in a satisfactory way by the government. And you've had among the mass of poor people at the bottom, the so called black Africans, a very high level of patience actually waiting for something to turn around, and it hasn't.","Instead, there's been much more emphasis on the development of a black capitalist class, opening up the borders to trade, et cetera. And not enough paid attention to the grievances of people at the base.","When you have the situation like this, it is very easy for opportunists to take advantage of the situation and explode it in a very unproductive way and that's what happened. So, people's anger about the situation was channeled, much like we've seen here in the United Sates when people go against immigrants. Instead of understanding the way that the system is working and that it needs to be challenged, people start going after the vulnerable groups. So, they went after the Zimbabweans, they went after the Mozambiquens and they went after the Ugandans."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"look into\" in \"look into this attack\" means to investigate, so the actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning.","questions":"How does \"look into\" relate to the attack in the dialogue?","answer":"Investigate"}
{"text":["Tell us about the test. What is the implicit association test?How does that work?","This is a procedure that's sort of fun to play with. You can take it yourself on the Internet. It's a procedure that involves four steps. And first you're asked to rapidly classify white and black faces by pressing a left-side computer key for black faces or a right key for white faces. That's an easy test.","Second, same type of test, but now you're pressing the left key for unpleasant words, words like hurt or failure, and the right key for pleasant words for words like joy and love. That's an easy task, too.","Then it begins to get more difficult. We combine the tasks, the third step. Now the left key is for either white faces or unpleasant words, and the right key is for either black faces or pleasant words. This combination of two easy tasks can be quite difficult."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"This is a procedure that's sort of fun to play with.\"  The speaker is using the phrase \"fun to play with\" to describe an activity that may not necessarily be entertaining, but is interesting or engaging to participate in.","questions":"How would you describe the procedure that PersonA is talking about?","answer":"Procedure"}
{"text":["But shouldn't you at least offer the people you're polling the option of checking that box as one of the issues?","In terms of?","Of, you know, as climate change or renewable energy, things like that. The choice is not even offered on the sheet of things that you - that is on your radar screen.","Yeah. Well, this is actually a really important point, is that when you look at - and I'll just come back to media coverage as an example. You know, for most people, this is an issue that's invisible. I mean, you can look out your window right this moment, and there's CO2 pouring out of tailpipes, out of smokestacks, out of buildings, but you can't see it, and likewise you can't see the impacts unless you know where to look. In fact, the only way most Americans even know about this issue is because of what they've learned about it in the media. They're not reading the peer-reviewed literature. They don't know scientists personally. They're learning about it through the media. And when the media doesn't report this issue, it's literally out of sight and out of mind."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"checking that box\" - This is a figurative expression meaning to select or choose an option, rather than actually checking a physical box.","questions":"Which expression is a figurative expression meaning to select an option?","answer":"Checking"}
{"text":["Yeah. Did Joan love Ray, really?","You know, it's easy to think that perhaps she married him because of his money. But it's been hard to sort of root out exactly what she felt. What she said in interviews a number of times was very circumspect - what is love?But I do know that people who knew them both say that it was a long passion - that it wasn't just as simple as a beautiful, young woman running off with a rich man. Certainly, you know, the facts bear that out. It took them so long to get together, and there was a huge price to be paid with both their families.","She really made a difference in the way we think of and treat addiction, didn't she?","Oh, she did, and in such an interesting time. In the '70s, even before Betty Ford had famously stepped forward and talked about her struggles, Joan was convening people who were early thinkers in how to treat people differently. You know, AA had been around, of course, for decades. But there was a movement in the '70s to get people to look at the whole person with alcoholism. And Joan was really passionate about getting the word out."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"What she said in interviews a number of times was very circumspect - what is love?\" - Implied meaning: Joan was not able to directly answer the question of whether she loved Ray or not, as her answers were often evasive and indirect.","questions":"Which word describes Joan's answers about love in interviews?","answer":"Circumspect"}
{"text":["Well, that's after Stephen Hawking's book \"A Brief History Of Time\" which is a huge bestseller and many people read it, of course, but probably many more people didn't read it. It's sort of famous as a book that many, many people bought and didn't make it all the way through.","How does the index work?And we should also be very clear that this is completely unscientific and totally for fun.","Absolutely, yeah. So what I did was when you highlight books on your Kindle, when you highlight a sentence that you particularly like, Amazon is keeping track of that - I'm not sure everyone knows that - and Amazon records what five sentences in a book are the most commonly highlighted. So in a book that people are reading all the way through, it might be the case, that those highlights are scattered all the way through the length of the book. But if, on the other hand, there was a book that almost everyone was starting and reading a few pages and then putting down, then all of those highlights would have to be clustered in the first part. So what I did was just average the location of the top five highlights in the book - a very simple measure.","And that's publicly available data?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : please provide me with the turn you want me to analyze for the implied meaning.","questions":"How does Amazon keep track of the highlighted sentences?","answer":"Location"}
{"text":["These were all - the Hobbits. They were all living, you know, 50,000 years ago, all of these quite diverged groups of humans were living on Earth, and we're now quite lonely. We're the only group on Earth right now.","So something happened to them that didn't happen to us, that we survived?","That's right.","And the fact that - did they - do you think they knew of one another?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is not actually referring to the Hobbits from J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-earth but rather early human groups.","questions":"What is the group that the speaker is referring to in turn 0?","answer":"Humans"}
{"text":["So I work in merchandising strategy at Tiffany jewelry company.","Have you spoken to your bosses about what may happen in March if your DACA authorization expires?And you're a manager, too. What are you telling your employees?","So at this point, not everyone on the staff is familiar or knows what my status is just because we don't think it's necessary until we finally get to the point where I'll no longer be able to work here. So my management team - they're extremely supportive. And they're watching the news just like I am. So, you know, when it gets closer to March, I'll have to have a discussion with the team that I have out here. But at this point, we're all just hoping and praying that something changes, that we do get a DREAM Act, that we don't have to deal with this because, you know, there's a potential that I just won't have a job after March 22.","Tolu Aleshinloye is a DACA recipient in Miami. Thank you very much for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A's job may be at risk due to the expiration of their DACA status, and they are hoping for a DREAM Act to be passed.","questions":"Which legislative act is PersonA hoping for to be passed?","answer":"Dream"}
{"text":["So basically it has to say, you know, our sticker price is this amount. If you have insurance, that cost may vary.","OK. But that's a good point. Do people actually pay that official sticker price in most cases?","So that's the drug industry's argument against this proposal. They say that because of insurance coverage, hardly anyone pays the price the Trump administration is forcing these drug makers to include in their ads. That price is often called the list price or the sticker price, as we said. Drugmakers argue that including that price would scare consumers off from even going to their doctor and asking about a drug because they'd see a sky-high list price, and they would think - I can't afford that; I'm not going to go to the doctor.","Well, now that's interesting because that could be bad for someone's health. But is that actually what the government may want in some cases - for a consumer to make an informed decision that this drug just seems really pricey for the benefits alleged with it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The official sticker price is not necessarily the price people pay for drugs due to insurance coverage.","questions":"Which price is often called the list price or sticker price for drugs?","answer":"List"}
{"text":["So alphabetically, Jeb Bush, Ben Carson, Hillary Clinton, Martin O'Malley, Bernie Sanders, who'd you like?","You know, I liked the fact that they all came. The important thing for the Urban League was that each of these five candidates accepted our invitation, came, and I think offered a serious perspective from their own point of view. They came in here. They talked about race. They talked about economics. They talked about the criminal justice system. They talked about cities. These issues don't get discussed on the main stage in many, many political debates and discussions. And so why we wanted them here, so they could talk about equality, talk about opportunity, develop those ideas in a way that will not, and - or, I should say, historically has not happened in this campaign up until this point.","Mr.  Morial, another unarmed black man was killed by an officer in Cincinnati. I wonder if you have some ideas you want to bring to our attention about how to try to repair a shattered relationship between black citizens and police.","It's an American tragedy of untold proportions, particularly as we've seen it play out in the last two years. Our ten-point justice plan recommended that body cameras and dash cameras be mandatory for all law enforcement all the way across the country. But we also believe that more must be done when it comes to police officer hiring, police officer training, and police officer accountability. The community wants to and must trust its police if they're going to be allies is in what we all want, and that is safer communities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"repair a shattered relationship between black citizens and police\" - This phrase is not meant to be taken literally as if the relationship between black citizens and police was physically broken into pieces. Rather, it means that the trust and understanding between these groups have been severely damaged and need to be restored through specific actions and policies.","questions":"What is the phrase that is not meant to be taken literally and refers to the severely damaged trust and understanding between black citizens and police?","answer":"Shattered"}
{"text":["Antivirus experts are calling Flame one of the most complex threats ever discovered. Once a machine is infected, the operator of the malware can expand its functionality almost like adding apps to a smartphone. Its operators sent out another app with orders to erase it this week, leaving no tracks behind.","Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?","Well, different from the average run-of-the-mill malware that criminals use?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"once a machine is infected, the operator of the malware can expand its functionality almost like adding apps to a smartphone.\" - This implies that the malware can be customized and modified according to the operator's needs, making it more dangerous and harder to detect.","questions":"How can the operator of the malware customize its functionality?","answer":"customize"}
{"text":["Times like this, when the economies of states are in default, can states really afford this?","I really don't think they can, and in many, many states, legislatures are starting to agree with that idea and to really rethink their priorities. I mean, every dollar that you spend building and running a prison is a dollar that's not spent on a public university or healthcare or roads and bridges. At this point, Kansas, Texas and at least 11 other states are taking a very serious look at how to try out some new strategies that will curb their prison population, shrink the number of people behind bars so they can save a little money, reduce some recidivism and have money for other budget priorities.","Well, back up and tell us how we got here, because in your article you say in 1970 our prisons held fewer than 200,000 people. What happened?","A number of things happened. But primarily, it's what's called our nation's war on drugs. And I say so-called war on drugs, because, you know, we like to use that metaphor all the time on everything. But essentially a new host of sentencing practices took hold in the early '70s and spread across the country. Mandatory minimum sentences, meaning that the amount of drugs involved in a particular crime would affect the severity of the punishment. So even if you're a low-level drug mule, for example, the amount of drugs you were carrying was going to ensure that you get a very large sentence, perhaps even more than a drug king pin if that person was caught without a lot of drugs."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The war on drugs has resulted in the implementation of harsh sentencing practices.","questions":"How did the early '70s sentencing practices change?","answer":"War-on-drugs"}
{"text":["He was very cordial. He shook my hand. He gave me the Klan handshake. He didn't know that I knew it was the Klan handshake, but he did give it to me. If you shake a person's hand and you extend your index and middle finger along their wrist - and as you pumping their hand, you start pressing your fingers in their wrist area. It's the Klan handshake.","The question that you wind up wrestling with, I think at the end of the book, is - well, let me put it this way - that the Klan and David Duke specifically are hateful and jerks is beyond dispute. You don't wind up with a lot of regard for their intelligence, which raises the question, how dangerous are they?","Very. When I say they are not the brightest, they were not the brightest light bulbs in the socket. The people I was dealing with were not. David Duke, in spite of his having - at that time, he had a master's degree in political science from Louisiana State University. I merely had a high school education and about 12 hours of college credit. So the very fact that he was being conned by somebody with a lower degree of education than him, I'll admit, I got a particular thrill out of that. But let nobody who reads my book think that these people because they weren't the brightest light bulbs in the socket were not and are not dangerous. They were very serious.","What do you think you learned about the KKK and racism and bigotry during those months?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person who shook my hand is a member of the KKK","questions":"What is the name of the handshake that the person gave to the speaker?","answer":"Klan"}
{"text":["I mean, it's tempting, and certainly we do it in the news business, to look at a figure like $9 billion and say, you know, figure out what that cost per arrest and everything. But I wonder, isn't it in a sense worth, I don't know, a billion dollars a year to the American people to have that deterrent aboard?Because as people in the program have pointed out, if something happens, there's no one else to call upon for help in an airliner.","Well, you could justify almost anything on that basis. But I will tell you that on any cost-benefit analysis, this program does not hold muster. I can tell you also that while a billion dollars might not seem like much money in the whole federal government. . .","Oh, no, it's a lot of money. Don't get me wrong. . .","It's a lot. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In statement 1, the speaker is subtly suggesting that the Republican friends should be open-minded and consider the possibility of voting for Trump in the upcoming election","questions":"Which program is not justifiable in terms of cost-benefit analysis according to PersonA in the given dialogue?","answer":"Program"}
{"text":["Hanna was a bride. That is, she was a North Korean woman who was kidnapped in North Korea and taken to China where she was sold as a bride to a Chinese man. This is a big market in China. After 30 years of a one-child policy and Chinese couples' preference for boys, there is a severe shortage of young women in China today. And the one thing many young men want most in life is a bride. So they place an order for one from North Korea.","For how much?","It depends. Every North Korean bride I interviewed told me that she remembered the price for which she was sold, but roughly, it's $1,500 or $2,000.","And once in this relationship, if you can call it that, how did she escape?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Hanna was a victim of human trafficking as a North Korean bride, not a willing participant","questions":"How was Hanna brought to China?","answer":"Kidnapped"}
{"text":["Can I ask you about a couple of calls for which you are famed?","Sure.","There was a horse, I have seen the video, whose name you had a hard time with.","Yakahickamickadola."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : That statement implies that B had difficulty pronouncing a horse's name which is \"akahickamickadola\" and it is a notable event that the speaker is aware of.","questions":"What was the notable event that the speaker is aware of?","answer":"horse"}
{"text":["Well, yes, he was. Later I found out what he was really brilliant at, which was lying. He had a physics degree, a mathematics degree and an economics degree, I think, from three different Ivy League colleges. So, why doubt him?Especially once you've seen the props. Once you've seen the art, you buy the person.","He'd married to a successful woman named Sandy who paid all the bills. How could this smart woman be with this fraud?","I can only answer that question by telling you why I bought this fraud. He was charming. He had a story that explained everything. And so when she came into his life, he had perfected his act to the extent that he'd anticipated every question, had an answer for everything. So, it's like a magic trick. After you know how it works, it seems so obvious. But when it happening, you're enchanted.","There was a moment when he gave you the personal phone number of the president, and I forget what the occasion was - but he said go ahead, try it. You'll get him directly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Once you've seen the props. Once you've seen the art, you buy the person.\" - This turn is using figurative language. It means that when someone puts on a convincing performance, it can be easy to believe in them even if they are not trustworthy.","questions":"Which phrase is used to describe the act of believing in someone based on their convincing performance even if they are untrustworthy?","answer":"Trust"}
{"text":["Yes. Tsar Nicholas tried to seek asylum in Britain. And the British parliament actually was about to grant him asylum, but the king, King George V, vetoed it. And what's interesting is King George V happened to be Nicholas' first cousin. So, as the saying goes, with relatives like that, who needs enemies?","Why did he do that?Do you know?","He was afraid that it would cause a revolution in England as well. So, he said better stay away.","Now, then, of course, we have Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos. Most of us remember Imelda Marcos for her shoe collection. But I gather that before they left the Philippines, they gathered up a few more things."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker's literal meaning is that King George V vetoed Tsar Nicholas' asylum request because he was afraid it would cause a revolution in England. The implicated meaning could be that family loyalty can sometimes be compromised by political considerations, and that monarchs might prioritize the interests of their country over those of their own relatives.","questions":"Which country's leader vetoed Tsar Nicholas' asylum request?","answer":"Britain"}
{"text":["And how do you?","So what we found works the best is you need champions within that community. You need strong, influential voices that are going to say we need to accept these girls and women back, and the children. These are victims, it was not their fault. They're part and parcel of our society. So what we do is we identify not just the traditional religious and community leaders, but also those who have an influential voice amongst the women in particular in the community, so that they can become those carriers of the messages that these girls, these women, they deserve our support. They deserve our acceptance back. And then we can open up community dialogues so that people - we can't just dismiss that communities have fear. We must address it head on and allow communities to express those fears, but with religious and traditional leaders providing that voice of reason and tolerance so that these girls and women can come back into their communities.","Rachel Harvey of UNICEF in Nigeria. Thanks for joining us.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that Rachel Harvey is grateful for the opportunity to be a part of the conversation and she appreciates the invitation.","questions":"How does Rachel Harvey feel about being on the show?","answer":"Grateful"}
{"text":["One thing in the filing that might undercut that is a detail where she had booked a hotel room with the company card in Washington, D. C. , for an event. She changed her travel plans so that she was no longer coming for the entire time. And one of the nights in the hotel room that she had booked, Duncan Hunter went and had a tryst with one of the individuals that he was having an affair with in the hotel room that she had booked. So her knowledge about all the spending that was being done doesn't necessarily add up with what his theory is for the defense.","What's next in this trial?And in the meantime, is there any sign that Duncan Hunter would consider resigning?","He has not shown any interest in resigning. We haven't seen that. Right now it's on pace to go to trial in September. It's possible there will be a plea deal before then. It's not looking great for Hunter. But that being said, there's very little chance that any plea deal would not involve any jail time, so of course he would have to resign. He won reelection last year and seems very much focused on getting past this, so we will find out.","That's KPBS reporter Max Rivlin-Nadler reporting from San Diego. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The woman who booked a hotel room with the company card did not know about the affair, which contradicts Hunter's defense theory.","questions":"What was the detail about the hotel room booking that contradicts Hunter's defense theory?","answer":"Affair"}
{"text":["Is there a sense, though, that this really could happen anywhere?","I certainly have that sense. And I worry about it all the time. It's a little easier to control if they're in their home where they're typically at, whether that be the school or whether their home environment. But you're exactly right.","Were you surprised that this should come up now?I mean, is the world so different today than it was a year ago or two years ago that people feel the need to really hold the kids at home and keep them safe?","I'm not judging anyone. And if they feel that way, they feel that way. It's surprising to me. I've gone to Washington, D. C. , and I've taken all my kids. So it's - I think they feel like this is my responsibility as a parent. I'll do it. At least, I know my kids are safe. And it's not falling on the responsibility of people that are not their parents. So if that's their choice, I totally understand that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The statement implies that it's easier to manage the situation if the children are in a familiar environment.","questions":"What is it easier to manage if the children are in a familiar environment?","answer":"Situation."}
{"text":["Well, we'll see, won't we?I think that the issue here is really is how you talk about it, and how you educate. For instance, food banks for years have done this. I might say, without naming the names, one of the leading best-regarded brands in the large, national food industry, they basically recover the food within their stores; cook it up; and put it out on their hot trays the next day and offer that at, you know, at fair full prices. That's the stuff that we're going to be talking about. We're talking about taking and recovering food. Most of what we offer will be fruits and vegetables that have a use-by date on it that'll be several days out.","Well, customers nevertheless have to consume the food pretty quickly.","As you know, when it comes to bread, most of America, if they didn't buy the bread yesterday, already has it out of code at home. And we all know, if you put it in the refrigerator, it can last for weeks. Milk lasts for days. You know, it all depends on the temperature of your refrigerator, frankly.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of (2) is that customers have to consume the food quickly, but the implied meaning is that customers should be aware that the food has a limited shelf life and should be consumed soon.","questions":"How should customers be aware of the limited shelf life of the food?","answer":"Aware"}
{"text":["That's absolutely - and people are outraged at the written bylines. They just haven't taken that conversation from the words to the images.","You have cited a bombshell report in the Columbia Journalism Review by Kristen Chick. It documents assault, harassment, allegations against prominent men in the field. And you, I gather, were not surprised.","We all knew this. We all know how bad it's been. I've been in this industry for almost two decades. I've been paid less by men, overlooked on assignments that have been given to men. I've been groped and intimidated in the field and in the workplace by men. But I have been lucky for the most part. Kristen interviewed 50 women over five months, named two prominent photographers but, more importantly, detailed an industry that is rampant with physical, emotional, mental discrimination that is preventing women from being behind the camera, that is causing women to leave the industry but also that is signaling to women, this is the cost of business. This is what you have to accept if you want to do this job.","I want to drill down on one of the photojournalism agencies involved in these allegations. That's VII. It's an incredibly prominent agency, influential in the field. Can you remind us of what those allegations are about?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There is no drill, the person wants to get right to the basic part of the information.","questions":"What agency does PersonB want to discuss?","answer":"VII"}
{"text":["And now we'll go to another Dickerson. This is Brian Dickerson. He's a political columnist for the Detroit Free Press. And we're going to talk about Michigan. It is one of the key swing states in this election. Welcome to the program.","Thank you, Madeleine.","Well, both candidates have stumped a lot in Michigan, and is either candidate getting more traction?","Well, the most recent polls this week are a little mixed. But generally, the average of the reputable polls has been showing Obama steadily in front since about mid-June and picking up some momentum in the last two or three weeks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"We're going to talk about Michigan.\" - This turn has a literal meaning and is also used with its actual meaning.","questions":"How is Michigan relevant to the discussion?","answer":"Michigan"}
{"text":["Haven't there been gag orders during the transition of previous administrations too?","Certainly, every administration tries to control information. That's something, as you said in particular, that the Obama administration was quite aggressive on. And we had put out over many years plenty of not just critical information about the Obama administration but critical information based on inside sources that we cultivated. I will say one of the things that you're seeing with this administration is instances in which various bureaucracies have simply been cut off or shut down. The National Park Service stopped tweeting for a couple of days after they had done a tweet about climate change. And their first tweet after that was an apology for that tweet. That is quite unusual.","But do you have some concern that by making this public call under the Trump administration, at least to more notice than under the Obama administration, you're encouraging the view that the press has a liberal bias?","No, no. Again, what we are encouraging is for people to send information. Now, you can judge us on our stories, if our story may be unfair, if our story may not have enough context. Our job is simply to put important information out there, and we're going to keep doing it. If somebody wants to accuse us of being biased as a part of that, well, there's nothing we can do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied: The Obama administration was aggressive in controlling information and preventing it from being released to the public","questions":"How was the Obama administration in controlling information?","answer":"Aggressive"}
{"text":["You described some playwrights, Beckett, for example, as somebody whose work seems to back away from you the closer you get it. But Miller's play, you say, is not like that.","No. It wasn't like - my experience with Chekhov and Beckett was just what you'd call - that they get harder and harder as you go. But with \"Salesman,\" surprisingly, because it's fully as great a play as those others, it did welcome us and come toward us day by day. And then, we did a fairly smart thing, which is that we had a workshop just for ourselves for almost a month, and nobody ever saw it and we didn't perform it, but we just worked on it. And then as per plan, we went away for over three and a half months.","And then when we came back, we went into rehearsal and then finally got onstage and did it. And the three and a half months living and doing other things made a surprisingly big difference. It just sank into everybody and took enormous strides all on its own, and that was both exciting and surprising in its extent. And also, it was a clue to what was going to continue to happen, which is that it just burrowed deeper and deeper into the actors and they - into one another, and they have become a family. And they're - what goes on between them is - I've never seen - in my experience, I've never seen it quite like this.","Philip Seymour Hoffman obviously plays the lead role. Is - did the play come first or the actor come first?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"did the play come first or the actor come first?\" - This is a literal question that asks which came first, the play or the actor, without any metaphorical meaning.","questions":"Which question does PersonB ask about Philip Seymour Hoffman's role?","answer":"Play"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely not, Scott. That's not - that's the - kind of our problem. Remember that we went from basically a dead start over the last 15 years where we didn't have these capabilities to now having a remarkable capability to collect intelligence and information using these platforms and all these great people. And so we just - as an institution we have to get ahead of that. It's been hard to do as the demand grew so rapidly.","I know they're not in combat, which is its own category to acknowledge and respect, but is it possible for a drone pilot to develop what some people would call post-traumatic stress?","Oh, I think it's beyond possible. I think it's happened. This is one of the kind of second-order effects that we probably didn't anticipate when we first started this work. I don't think there's any question that it's a factor. I don't believe it's an overriding factor. We don't have a great number of people who have manifested these kind of symptoms and problems, but we certainly do have some.","Do drones offer the appearance of risk-free combat?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implies that there is a possibility for a drone pilot to experience psychological trauma, even if they are not in combat.","questions":"What is one of the second-order effects that may happen to a drone pilot even if they are not in combat?","answer":"Post-traumatic"}
{"text":["Has this ever been done before, I mean, even with other types of energy like oil and gas for example?","That's not how we have historically done oil and gas use or exploration. Again, we're talking on public land. It's not been how we've done it. It is the way we've tried in recent years to think about the Endangered Species Act. Instead of looking at each little place when a question comes up and say is this an endangered habitat, is this a problem, look at large areas, ecosystems, chunks that make sense together.","Try to highlight what the problems are in that area so that subsequent development proposals are not - don't start from ground zero. Information's been gathered and looked at in a more systematic way. I mean, programmatic environmental impact assessments have been allowed ever since NEPA passed back in the 1970s.","It hasn't been used very often. I think that the Interior Department should get a lot of credit for using it this time."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Historically, oil and gas exploration has not been done on public lands in the same way as proposed here for Endangered Species Act. Instead of looking at each habitat, they will examine larger ecosystems systematically.","questions":"Which act has allowed programmatic environmental impact assessments since the 1970s?","answer":"NEPA"}
{"text":["Hudson is confident that Broadway Federal Bank won't be harmed by the recent spate of bankruptcies and bailouts. Though the bank specializes in real estate and caters to minority investors, it never got caught up in the subprime mortgage game that has become the downfall of other banks.","In order to play in that game, you had to have large volumes and small margins, which has made mortgages like commodities. So the Countrywides, the WAMUs, the big mortgage companies, you would lose your shirt trying to compete with it. So, really, the small banks had to stand on the sidelines while a lot of money was being made by churning these loans and fees, and people were making huge amounts of money, banks were very profitable, and we weren't able to participate. But now, you know, the kind of like slow and steady feels very good right now.","Now, Hudson says he's starting to get a lot more calls from people who want to put their money in Broadway Federal.","Here's what used to happen in the old days. People would only put 100,000 dollars in Broadway because they knew that was the maximum FDIC insurance. They put a million dollars in Bank of America. They figured, well, I only - because Bank of America only has the same insurance as we do, only a 100,000. So they left 900,000 dollars uninsured because they said, well, that's Bank of America. I'm only worried about Broadway. I'm not worried about Bank of America."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Small banks were unable to compete with big mortgage companies in the subprime mortgage game, but now slow and steady feels good.","questions":"What type of banks had to stand on the sidelines during the subprime mortgage game?","answer":"Small"}
{"text":["What would you say to those people who might say - look, if people are in this country illegally it's the job of ICE to detain them?","Well, there's a couple of things. Number one, ICE does have that responsibility. But motels have a responsibility, too. And that responsibility is that you have to live, number one, by your privacy promises. Motel 6 has a privacy statement. It says we're going to guard your private information. They did not do that here. You cannot do that under our consumer protection laws. And so, that's number one.","Number two, they turned over everybody who was staying at the motel. People stay at motels for all sorts of very private reasons. You could be the victim of domestic abuse fleeing your abuser. Do you want your information turned over to anybody who just happens to walk into that hotel?It's not right. Frankly, it pisses me off, and I'm not going to put up with it.","We of course contacted Motel 6, and they said that in September of last year, they issued a nationwide directive that made it clear that their motels should not voluntarily provide guest lists to ICE. What do you say?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing a sense of frustration or dissatisfaction with a situation or person, without explicitly stating it.","questions":"What emotion is the speaker conveying in turn 2?","answer":"Dissatisfaction"}
{"text":["You know, between the flooding issues and river issues and then the trade war and the tariff war with China and also the renegotiation during the old NAFTA, we had a number of trade issues that were kind of tossed up in the air, and we're waiting for the puzzle pieces to fall back down in place.","I mean, I think in the Midwest and agriculture in general, you know, supported the president early on in improving trade relations with China. But unfortunately those in the livestock industry and soybean producers are taking the brunt of the hit.","Well, what would you like to see specifically from this trade deal, if they ever reach a deal?","We'd definitely like to have our full trade ratio, I guess you'd say. The amount of trade we were doing with China back a year ago - we'd love to see that back."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"taking the brunt of the hit\" - This is an idiomatic expression that means bearing the majority of the negative consequences of something. In this case, it means that the livestock industry and soybean producers are suffering the most from the negative effects of the trade war with China.","questions":"How are the livestock industry and soybean producers affected by the trade war with China?","answer":"Negative"}
{"text":["Oh, my goodness.","And it's been another brutal cycle. And the rhetoric is really intense. What do you hear?","What I hear and what I see and what's been the case for me for, gosh, two or three years now is that we are all having these conversations about big news of the day that dances around race and never really engages with it. I think, for me, the biggest example this week was President Trump's comments about possibly altering the 14th Amendment, which we know guarantees birthright citizenship. And so, you know, the history of that amendment is rooted in race. And I think a lot of folks have been really lacking to talk about that. But this amendment was passed for black people to give slave descendants the right to be citizens. And so we cannot talk about this adequately without talking about the racial history of the amendment, but even that is not enough.","Why not?Explain."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The conversations do not talk about race but avoid it.","questions":"How do the conversations about big news of the day dance around race?","answer":"Avoidance"}
{"text":["What is your guideline?When do you tell an officer he or she has to start recording?","NOPD policy requires them to record the entire encounter until any police action has ceased. So what we're finding out though sometimes the cameras aren't on. Sometimes they aren't wearing the cameras. And those are clear violations, but then there were also supervisors telling officers things like turn it off during, you know, sensitive matters, but not defining what a sensitive matter could be.","We're also hearing complaints that only parts of interactions are being recorded. That's one of the things we're hearing now. So the misconduct is occurring off-camera, but then they're recording, you know, perfectly professional encounters on camera. So that's one of the things we're also hearing now. And. . .","That's a big complaint and, of course, you wouldn't have any - ironically or incongruously - you wouldn't have a video record of that misconduct, but you would have a video record of them doing it right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Officers are not following NOPD policy, which requires them to always record the entire encounter until any police action has ceased, and instead are turning off their cameras during what they consider to be \"sensitive matters\" without defining what this means.","questions":"What policy are officers not following?","answer":"NOPD"}
{"text":["But well. . .","If you go through the list of Obama people, the top four, five, six people had not just worked in presidential campaigns before, but they worked in that critical area which gets very little attention, but is absolutely essential, and that's called field operations. It means going into states, setting up shop, organizing, getting people door knocking, getting people calling and getting delegate victories.","These people knew how to win campaigns on a local level. Importantly, very significant figures had a lot of experience in Iowa. He set his sights on winning Iowa very early.","What I found fascinating in doing this reporting is that both campaigns had the same Plan A. The Plan A was, win the first four states, attain a political victory, and not be out of personnel."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Field operations\" - The literal meaning of field operations is the management and execution of tasks in a specific area, such as farming or construction. However, in this context, it refers to the essential campaign strategy of setting up operations in states, organizing volunteers, and winning delegate victories.","questions":"Which area gets very little attention but is absolutely essential in the campaign strategy mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Field"}
{"text":["It was really beautiful.","My daughter's a dancer. And so she - we invited her dance teachers. And we invited my family. And we gathered beneath the full moon. And we did many of the rituals that are described in the book. And we offered, and we created space. And we sat in circle together.","This book is written in verse. And one of the most moving things that I saw is that you referenced a poem that I had never heard of until I read it in your book. I want you to read the last stanza of it.","We stand at the heart of the forest beside the stone pool, waiting for Venus, the smoking star, to glimmer above the trees. Remove your clothes. Let down your hair. Bask in the moonlight, naked as the day of your birth - virgins, maidens, women."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Heart of the forest means the center of the forest. The stone pool is a creek with rocks in it. Venus looks smoky due to the position of the planet in the sky.","questions":"Which planet looks smoky due to its position in the sky?","answer":"Venus"}
{"text":["OK.  Give us the background now. He has been charged with eight felony counts, including perjury and obstruction of justice.","Correct.","Remind us what happened.","Well, this all began quite some time ago. We're talking about a case that involves the firing of a couple police officers. And supposedly, these police officers were fired because they were investigating misconduct on the part of the mayor. And the mayor came up with a settlement, an $8. 4 million settlement that was paid out of the city's coffers."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : a request for a reminder of the timeline of events leading up to the current situation.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue is a summary of the criminal charges against the mayor?","answer":"3"}
{"text":["That's good. That's a start.","That's good.","But there are also very few issues that could get us at daggers drawn in the short term. You could have a misunderstanding and miscalculation in the South China Sea. Taiwan remains very concerning.","But overall, to date, there are very few areas in which the United States and China are headed toward conflict with each other. And there is great concern in both capitals that it not get there. But between that observation - that we mustn't go to war - and the growing list of complaints against each other, there is insufficient strategic thinking in both capitals."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There are several issues that could lead to conflict between US and China in the short term","questions":"Which sea could potentially cause a misunderstanding between the US and China?","answer":"South"}
{"text":["Let's get back to the news organizations who weren't permitted in this briefing. Now, I gather this kind of briefing is called a gaggle. What happened?","That's right.","Were you there?What did you see?","Well, what happened is instead of the daily on-camera briefing, Sean Spicer called a gaggle so he could talk to the pool. That's the small group of reporters that go places where the entire press corps can't fit. And then they share their transcripts and their notes with everyone else in the press corps. The White House said this gaggle would have an extended pool. And turns out they invited some additional organizations, but they pointedly excluded others like CNN, The New York Times, Politico. NPR was not there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) implies that the speaker wants to know what the speaker observed,","questions":"Which briefing did Sean Spicer call instead of the daily on-camera briefing?","answer":"Gaggle"}
{"text":["We're coming over the initial shock. It's a very strange situation to live in one of the wealthiest countries in the world. And we have been living in more luxury than almost any other nation on this planet, and now all of a sudden we find ourselves almost like beggars.","You talk about the swift difference between being so wealthy to now being in a totally different place. Is this what everyone - is the average person going through something like this?Or is this just a select few that went from being so wealthy to so not wealthy?","The general public here has been very, very well off. But now people that are starting to lose their jobs - hundreds of people that used to work in the banks have been losing their jobs recently. We know that a lot of companies are going to become bankrupt. We had almost no unemployment in the past years. We've been importing workers from Eastern Europe because we didn't have enough people to work in our companies.","So, how are people coping with this?Are they selling off their belongings?What are they doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Many people are losing their jobs and companies are going bankrupt.","questions":"Which factor is causing people to lose their jobs and companies to go bankrupt?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Well, I think so. Among Republicans here in Utah, there are a variety of different flavors of Republicanism. And I think there are non-Mormon Republicans in the state who expressed concern about his readiness for office and some of the other statements that he made, in the same way that many other Republicans around the country have expressed concern.","At the same time, Hillary Clinton, the Democratic nominee, seems to have made a real specific and concrete direct appeal to Utah voters, hasn't she?","I think that's right. She published an op-ed in The Deseret News referencing LDS Church history and talking in ways that would have resonated with many Mormons or at least the language would resonate. Whether or not people who have come to some judgments, rightly or wrongly, about Hillary Clinton will ultimately be swayed by that is another question. But there's no question that Hillary Clinton or her campaign are reaching out to Mormons in a way that is different from what we've seen from Democratic candidates in the past.","Any sign of increased support or at least interest in third-party candidates?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Any sign of increased support or at least interest in third-party candidates?\" - Implied meaning: Is there any indication that people are more likely to vote for a third party candidate?","questions":"What is the question asked by PersonB in turn 3?","answer":"Any"}
{"text":["They have indeed. They've been subject to very serious, tough sanctions in the past not just from the United States but from the entire international community. That's involved restrictions on their energy sector, their banking sector and an array of other economic sectors.","How have they gotten around them?","Well, in some instances, they haven't been able to. So during the period of most intensive, multilateral sanctions on Iran - this is 2012 to 2015 - they had great difficulty evading sanctions. It happened here and there, certainly when it came to sales of oil, certain cargoes or bartering - financial bartering - some smuggling activities. But the fear now is that, in an instance where there's unilateral sanctions on Iran, it may have ample opportunity to cheat and evade these sanctions.","Unilateral meaning, of course, just the United States. So it'll be tougher for the sanctions to have any effect if, for example, China or Russia and, let's say, Germany don't go along.","Right, exactly. So right now the European Union, in general, and the E3, in particular, have - that being the United Kingdom, France and Germany - have expressed an interest in maintaining their commitment to the deal. And that means continuing to give Iran economic relief promised to it under the deal. That means potentially violating U. S.  sanctions or creating ways for European companies to not abide by U. S.  sanctions.","And how does the U. S.  respond, at least under this administration?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies that A believes that the sanctions would have been better it were multilateral sanctions and not unilateral.","questions":"How does PersonA think the sanctions could have been better?","answer":"Multilateral"}
{"text":["(Laughter) I'm not sure if that's a compliment, Steve. But thanks.","I don't know. If it means tough, if it means on top of things, it is you, Melissa. Own it.","Well, gosh. Thanks.","She's in Lyon, France. This is NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B encourages Melissa to take pride in being tough and on top of things","questions":"Which country is mentioned in the last sentence of the dialogue?","answer":"France"}
{"text":["Oh, she did, and in such an interesting time. In the '70s, even before Betty Ford had famously stepped forward and talked about her struggles, Joan was convening people who were early thinkers in how to treat people differently. You know, AA had been around, of course, for decades. But there was a movement in the '70s to get people to look at the whole person with alcoholism. And Joan was really passionate about getting the word out.","Yeah. With Ray's death, Joan Kroc became one of the principal philanthropists in America. And she really took that responsibility seriously, didn't she?","She lived large, and she gave large. She felt this almost-burden with the money that she had. And saying she hit the lotto isn't really fair. But - she had this money at her disposal, and she felt obligated to use it in a constructive way. But that's not to say she was ascetic or like a monk. She lived very, very lavishly as well.","Yeah, she'd drip with jewels. She went to nice places. She. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Joan felt a sense of responsibility with the money she had and was determined to use it for good causes. She was not averse to living lavishly.","questions":"Which philanthropist felt obligated to use their money in a constructive way despite living lavishly?","answer":"Joan"}
{"text":["Well, what we're flying in are what people call the Van Allen radiation belt - have to get a plug-in for Iowa, there, since Van Allen was from the University of Iowa. And this is a region of, sort of, doughnut-shaped, very energetic particles which surrounds our planet. There's actually two of them, sort of these rings around us, which are very high-energy particles. And that - when they're that high energy, we call them radiation. And this is a - this radiation can damage satellites or be unhealthy for astronauts. And so it's a region that most satellites try to avoid or spend as little time in as possible. But we want to understand how they work better, so we had to build something that could go there and live there.","And this transfer of energy in these belts is actually what's causing the noise, right?","Exactly so. It's quite an interesting process. The waves are kind of like a - almost like a catalyst or a carrier of the energy. So they come about out of lower energy electrons, we know, and the grow up. And then they give their energy up as they fade away into higher energy electrons, which become the energetic particles that we called the radiation belts. So they kind of are a transport mechanism, if you will, from low energy to high energy, and thereby help create the radiation belts.","And where does the energy come from in the first place that feeds these belts?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The waves are responsible for creating the high-energy radiation in the Van Allen radiation belt.","questions":"What is the process that creates the high-energy particles in the Van Allen radiation belt?","answer":"Transfer"}
{"text":["No, I was never asked. But I did offer in a made-for-TV. No, just kidding (laughter).","Even if you're not helping to prepare Hillary Clinton for the debate, would you give her any advice on how to - if I might put it this way - provoke Donald Trump?","Oh yeah, that's easy. Yeah, I mean, look, Donald Trump has got unlimited number of insecurities. But the No. 1 one thing, I would say, is his insecurity with his intellect. There's a reason why he always refers to where he went to college and, you know, that I'm a smart person.","You know, it may be narcissism. But I think it really reflects an insecurity. And if I was in a debate against him, I wouldn't do it all the time. But I'd pick my spots just to smile and shake my head, you know, and make sure he sees it because that will drive him nuts because it'll be just a passive-aggressive way to question his intellect."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Suggests that Donald Trump is insecure about his intelligence.","questions":"How would Ali suggest provoking Trump in a debate?","answer":"Intellect"}
{"text":["Another interesting way to measure Tunisia's success, or lack thereof, is the number of people who are just fleeing the country by sea.","Right. Exactly. Tunisia was the No. 1 contributor of migrants to Italy - Tunisians, not people from sub-Saharan Africa going through Tunisia. So this is another big issue. You have brain drain. You have - the suicide rate has almost doubled. All these show that people are frustrated. They're angry. They're not seeing the change they thought democracy would bring them or they thought the revolution would bring them.","And a poor economy, youth unemployment - these things can lead to protests, can lead to more political turmoil. What does the future look like for Tunisia?What are you going to be watching as it goes through this government transition?","So this transition has been smooth so far, but they're going to have to do elections on a really short schedule. They only have seven weeks to pull off presidential elections. That's not a lot of time. This is a crucial test for Tunisia to see how the democracy can actually move forward. Are they able to keep up with the constitution, to keep up with the procedures that are in place?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People fleeing from Tunisia implies a failure rather than success.","questions":"How can Tunisia's success be measured?","answer":"number"}
{"text":["I can do it either way.","There are two different puzzles. You know, they are the dominant forms of matter and energy in the universe. Roughly speaking, dark matter accounts for about 25 percent of the universe, and dark energy 70 percent with the stuff you and I are made of, weighing in at 4. 5 percent. And, you know, dark matter holds things together. Dark matter holds together our galaxy, and it's the dark energy that's causing the expansion of the universe to speed up. So they're doing very different things. But as you alluded to, they're both big mysteries and who knows?They might be related.","We think that in terms of the puzzles that were at different stages, as long as we're talking about the LHC, one of cosmology's big hopes is that the LHC stands for dark matter factory. Let's see, I guess those letters don't quite work. Maybe in some language they do. But we're hoping that the LHC, after it finds the Higgs, will actually find the dark matter particle so that this mystery that started some 70 years ago with Fritz Zwicky will be finished off and that we will have identified the dark matter. The dark energy is one of those puzzles where, who knows, it could get solved this decade, but my hunch is it will be another 30 years or maybe even longer.","Are you saying that the Large Hadron Collider can actually make dark matter?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker is using the phrase \"LHC stands for dark matter factory\" figuratively, as the LHC is not literally a factory that produces dark matter particles. The speaker is expressing hope that the LHC will be able to detect or produce dark matter particles, which would help solve the mystery of dark matter.","questions":"What is the hope of the speaker in turn (2) regarding the Large Hadron Collider?","answer":"Detect"}
{"text":["Hopelessness and uncertainty.","Are people trying to leave, and is that something you've considered?","Many people have no choice. And they think - the only thing - I can leave the country. But how can they do that with the huge amount of limitations on Iranians' travelings (ph) and economical limits?They cannot do that. It is very, very difficult for them. And now we see a lot of Iranians who are abroad the country who are evacuating. They cannot do it anymore because of the higher dollar prices. They have to return to the country. It is very difficult situation for them.","Well, thank you so much for speaking with us and sharing your story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Leaving the country is not a viable option for many Iranians due to travel limitations and economic difficulties.","questions":"Which option is not available for many Iranians due to travel limitations and economic difficulties?","answer":"evacuating"}
{"text":["So you show pictures of people who play with kittens but also behead human beings?","Absolutely. It's a very strange contrast, but you'll see them behaving in very normal ways. Then you also see them participating in this awful violence.","Social media platforms are private companies. Why don't they just shut them down?","The problem is the companies don't really want to do thought policing. Open displays of violence, threats of violence against other people oftentimes get these accounts thrown off-line. But beyond that, it's very tough because who's to say one person's thoughts or ideas should render them thrown off the platform versus another?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"What is the contrast in the pictures shown by A?","answer":"Normal"}
{"text":["ORDO\u00d1EZ: Well, Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney was on shows this morning defending the administration, defending the White House, saying Democrats like Swalwell, who we just heard, are trying to score political points on the tragedy, saying that about some of the other Democratic candidates who are still in the presidential race. Mulvaney himself is calling the shooter a sick person and says drawing anything other than that is wrong or fair - trying to blame the president is unfair.","This was a sick person. The person in Dayton was a sick person. No politician is to blame for that. The people responsible here are the people who pulled the trigger. We need to figure out how to create less of those kinds of people as a society and not trying to figure out who gets blamed going into the next election.","ORDO\u00d1EZ: And Trump himself, you know, at a rally in Charlotte last year, he said the White House didn't blame Bernie Sanders when one of his supporters went out and shot a Republican lawmaker during a baseball practice. They're saying they want the same type of response.",": And where does the White House stand in terms of policy solutions?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : No politician is to blame for the shooting in Dayton","questions":"How did PersonA assign responsibility for the shooting in Dayton?","answer":"people"}
{"text":["You've written that News Inside is your way of not forgetting the people who you left behind when you were released. Explain what you meant by that.","I always say that there's people who become who they are on the inside. They develop into real-life human beings with hopes and dreams and their visions of the world, and they love each other. And they become family even more so than their family on the outside because a person haven't seen his mom, his aunt or uncle on a consistent basis for decades.","But yet a person sees his neighbor in a cell next door on a consistent basis. So bonds are developed. And when some of those individuals eventually go home, it's like losing a family member. Like, I would actually feel pain when someone would leave me. And sometimes some of the men would go in their cell, turn their lights off, and then they were crying tears because they're going to miss the person that was leaving. And when people left me, I always hoped that they wouldn't forget, that they would write me a letter so I can live vicariously through them and dream of what it's like to be free.","So I can't reach everyone in the country with a letter, but I could reach everyone through News Inside. I can curate a particular set of articles that I believe will speak to all those desires that everyone has and hopefully sate those desires in any way that I can."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"There's people who become who they are on the inside.\"  This turn is a figurative expression that means some people change and grow emotionally and mentally while incarcerated.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the relationships between incarcerated people?","answer":"Family"}
{"text":["OK.  (Laughter).",". . . But I do think they played an important role. There obviously were forces at work beyond the control of any policymaker. You know, manufacturing has spread much more evenly across the face of the globe. Prosperity has spread much more evenly across the face of the globe. And that's been a really good thing for billions - with a B - of people, and none of that should be minimized.","But I do think it is the case that economists in the United States and in other developed nations made that process much more painful for the average American, that the policies that they implemented or convinced policymakers to implement had the effect on the whole of concentrating the benefits of globalization in relatively few hands and of leaving many Americans to suffer the consequences.","Well, what do you think should happen now?I mean, economists are pretty firmly installed where they are. They do have the ears of presidents. What do you think should happen?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The policies implemented by economists had negative effects on average Americans.","questions":"How did economists' policies affect average Americans?","answer":"Negative"}
{"text":["Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Turn B: The actual meaning of \"handiwork of a nation-state\" is that Flame was likely created by a government agency, rather than an individual or group. The term \"handiwork\" is used figuratively to suggest that the creation of the malware was a deliberate and skillful act.","questions":"How was Flame likely created?","answer":"Government"}
{"text":["And the cable operators, the cable television news operations, CNN, Fox, MSNBC are going to in a tremendous competition to see which one of them can call it first, and that's going to pull the broadcasters over. So I don't think people in California can expect that the East Coast will not be talking about a winner, if there is a clear winner, before the polls close in California. Now, that isn't necessarily a good thing, I'm not trying to put a. . .","Right.","Put a happy face on it, it does make people in California feel angry to hear the race declared over hours before the polls close in that state. But because it's going to be on the Internet just about every where, and I suspect we'll start seeing it on cable television, it's going to be hard for the networks to resist the temptation to do the same.","Ron just quickly, there's been some last minute news. Senator Obama's grandmother passed away after a long battle with cancer yesterday. And a state personnel board in Alaska issue a report saying that Governor Sarah Palin didn't abuse her power, did not abuse her power, in the firing of a public safety commissioner. Do things like this, last minute developments like this, affect the race at all?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Put a happy face on it\" isn't literal, it means that 'A' isn't (going back to comment 1) trying to make it sound like it's not a problem.","questions":"How does \"put a happy face on it\" differ from its literal meaning?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["So I guess you could be arguing that they're just coming down to realistic levels.","Yeah, I could be arguing that.","All right. Well, let's talk about what this means in relation to the president's recently announced housing rescue package. Now, I understand that it's only applicable if you have a loan of less than $417,000. In other words, not a jumbo loan, and if you're only five percent underwater.","That's right. It does include people who have not defaulted yet, which is a good thing, and it's focused on the right target. The right target is this auctions market, which has gotten clogged. That's really by and large - it's all over the country, but it's particularly in low states, in these four states, and it's at the low end of the market. So most of the properties that are in foreclosure or a lot of the properties in foreclosure are actually within that conforming limit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The auction market has too many houses up for auction and not enough being bought.","questions":"Which market is causing a lot of properties to be in foreclosure?","answer":"Auction"}
{"text":["I think you maybe missed your calling as a cybercriminal, Scott. Criminals are always looking to, what is the formula that makes paying the ransom worth it to the person who I'm attacking?So I'm absolutely certain that you're right that you will see an uptick in at least attempts to do this in other cities.","Cities have computer experts, right?Shouldn't they be avoiding these attacks somehow?","I think it's a pretty sensitive issue. In the case of Baltimore, the mayor came out and publicly blamed the National Security Agency for having lost some exploits several years ago that had resulted in the attack that they sustained. But at the same time, there had been a patch available that the city hadn't put in place.","You know, nationwide, there was an enormous lack of people with cybersecurity skills. City governments aren't known for their enormously high salaries. So I think you'll see the competition at tech firms, at big banks making it very hard for these cities to have enough people in place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : missed your calling  implies not to follow one's talent or gift in destiny ","questions":"What did PersonA suggest Scott may have been better suited for?","answer":"Cybercriminal"}
{"text":["From NPR News, this is Day to Day. The ethics problem at the Interior Department continues to unfold, specifically in the little-known but powerful Minerals Management Service. The Interior Department's watchdog reports that employees in that division accepted gifts, they steered government contracts to friends, and they had sexual relations with oil and gas-company representatives. Joining us now is John Dimsdale from Marketplace, and John, first, what is the Minerals Management Service?I hadn't heard of it until yesterday.","Well, it's responsible for collecting royalty revenues from companies that extract oil and other minerals from federal property. And last year, they collected 11 billion dollars from the oil and gas industry. So, it's a big source of revenue. In fact, sometimes Minerals Management is the second largest source of income for the federal government, second only to the IRS. And remember, this scandal comes just as Congress is debating whether to allow more oil drilling, especially on the Outer Continental Shelf under the ocean.","That's right. So, let's go into the details of this scandal. What did the Interior Department's inspector general find?","Well, this report makes it sound like a very dysfunctional place. It alleges cocaine and marijuana use, and even promiscuous sex between government employees and the industry that they oversee. The inspector general says the relationship between the industry and the revenue collectors is supposed to be at arm's length, but most of the oil-company people that investigators talked to said they bought meals or drinks, entertainment, for government employees."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"most of the oil-company people that investigators talked to said they bought meals or drinks, entertainment, for government employees\" - literal meaning: the oil-company people physically purchased things for the government employees, figurative meaning: the purchases were made to gain favor or influence with the government employees.","questions":"Which division is responsible for collecting royalty revenues from companies that extract oil and other minerals from federal property?","answer":"Minerals"}
{"text":["They have been evacuated. It tossed these trailer homes like tin cans. And there was one woman that said that she had turned in early and felt her bed bouncing. And she was evacuated and is staying elsewhere now.","The flooding - this is not restricted to just this small part of the state. This is the whole state of Oklahoma that's going through this. Is that right?","Yeah, 25% of the state has had at least 14 inches of water in the last 30 days. And if you look at towns in northeast Oklahoma like Skiatook - they've had 21 1\/2 inches, Nowata 23 inches. It's just crazy. And this is all coming to a head in Tulsa along the Arkansas River.","And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Many towns in northeast Oklahoma have received excessive rainfall causing severe flooding in Tulsa along the Arkansas River.","questions":"Which river is experiencing severe flooding in Tulsa?","answer":"Arkansas"}
{"text":["No. There's no sort of smoking gun theory about that. So our philosophy is anytime you can get your hands on some antimatter, you should take a really careful look. And the best way to do that is with atomic physics techniques to look at the spectrum of antihydrogen. What kind of light does it like to absorb and emit?Is that the same color of light that hydrogen absorbs and emits?","So also in the meantime, we've built a new machine we call ALPHA-2, which is improved and upgraded, that will allow us to actually shine laser light on trapped antihydrogen. So when we come back online in 2014, we have a brand-new machine. We'll have some lasers to shine on it, and it's a really very exciting time for us.","Can you keep it trapped for longer than 16 minutes?","You know, it's not really worth looking because it's long enough. We showed with the microwave experiment that that was long enough. I have to tell you, it's an incredibly boring experiment to do. You know, you trap your antihydrogen. You wait for 16 minutes and you release it. You know, go have a coffee or something while you're - it just doesn't tell you anything more that we really need to know right now."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The development of ALPHA-2 is a significant improvement","questions":"What is the name of the new machine that will allow them to shine laser light on trapped antihydrogen?","answer":"ALPHA-2"}
{"text":["Well, we are looking at some very basic notions. We're not going to get into all the fine technicalities of the Geneva Conventions. But things like deliberately killing civilians or shooting at ambulances or hospitals or doctors or mistreating prisoners, torture, things like that.","So, for example, somebody - I hate to use the term - player in the game harms civilians, some kind of price could be exacted from the score?","Actually, there are games which do that now. In one game, for example, a company that we've worked with, if you start shooing indiscriminately at civilians, someone from your own side may start shooting at you.","And have you or other officials of the International Committee of the Red Cross spoken with video game producers?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) has an actual meaning different from its literal meaning. The speaker is discussing how video games can impose consequences for harming civilians in-game, and how this is similar to the rules set by the Geneva Conventions in real-life conflicts. The implied meaning is that video game developers have a responsibility to consider the consequences of their game mechanics and the messages they send to players.","questions":"What is the responsibility of video game developers in considering the consequences of their game mechanics on players?","answer":"Consider"}
{"text":["Good to still be with you, Scott.","Got your Sharpie ready?","(Laughter).","Let me go on. Congress is coming back to a debate that has raged over firearms. There were a number of mass shootings, and it doesn't seem to have much impact on the debate, has it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : interviewer is asking if he is ready to start the interview again","questions":"Which debate is Congress coming back to?","answer":"Firearms"}
{"text":["\"VIC\" (Member, Overeaters Anonymous): Hi.","Vic, I want to start with you, and I want to be very specific. Give me an example of a day when you completely lost control over your eating.","\"VIC\": It wasn't a day. It was the day before (Laughing) and that day and the next day. But anyway - OK, so I wake up in the morning, totally hung over. Dr.  Lerner - Marty - described very well, you know, having lost control. So, I wake up, I feel terrible, and the last thing I want to do, I think in my rational brain, is eat because I feel so bad. And yet, I know that if I take one bite of anything, I'll be off and running. And I'm scared. I'm really scared.","Let me just ask one thing. When you say hung over, do you mean hung over from overeating or hung\u2026"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B wants to know about VIC's loss of control over eating","questions":"How did PersonB start the conversation with VIC?","answer":"Vic"}
{"text":["Honestly, it looks totally different than a Porsche looks like today. It looks more like a carriage.","Now, why was this powered by electricity as opposed to gas?","In the time when Ferdinand Porsche invented the first cars, there were three engine types competing to each other. This was gas, steam and the other engine was electrical power. And for Ferdinand Porsche, his true interest was in the field of electricity, and so he was very keen on creating very efficient electrical cars.","Efficient, so that was a consideration even then, in 1898?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), B's response implies that the concept of efficiency was not commonly associated with automobiles in 1898. The underlying meaning could be that B is surprised or impressed that Ferdinand Porsche had already considered efficiency as an important factor in car design at that early stage.","questions":"What could be a reason for PersonB's surprise or impression in turn 4?","answer":"Surprise"}
{"text":["I did a little research. Paul Cluxton is now running a car dealership.","Is that right?","Yeah. So what do you see in your future?","It's hard to tell right now. I'm just trying to get a good education and see where that takes me.","Want to play basketball in the pros?","Yeah, that's definitely a dream of mine. To play overseas somewhere would be pretty awesome. And so I'm always going to work towards that. But for right now, I'm just not really sure what I'm going to do after college. But just trying to live each day and then try to get better in every aspect."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : running implies a business and not to chase or purse like in a race","questions":"Which aspect is PersonA trying to get better in?","answer":"Aspect"}
{"text":["The United Nations, in a new report, paints a picture of just how violent Venezuela has become. The U. N.  human rights chief says security forces have killed nearly 7,000 people over the past year and a half. She says, quote, \"a shockingly high number of these were extrajudicial killings at the hands of what interviewees called death squads. \"All as President Nicolas Maduro has vowed to stay in power.","NPR's Philip Reeves joins us now with more on that report. Philip, can you give us a little more detail on what the U. N.  team found in Venezuela?","Yeah. This takes a very broad look at the crisis in Venezuela over the last year up to this May. But a couple of things really leap out at you. One is the treatment of men and women in detention. The report says people are frequently arbitrarily detained and cites evidence of a variety of forms of torture - routinely used, it says - against prisoners by the intelligence or security services, others a form of punishment or to get them to talk. And that includes electric shocks, suffocation by plastic bags, waterboarding and sexual violence.","And the other striking section concerns those extrajudicial killings you mentioned. The Maduro government says, since the beginning of last year, some 7,000 people were killed in security operations, as you mentioned. And it says this was for resisting authority, as it puts it. But the U. N.  rights team believes many of these may be extrajudicial killings."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The situation in Venezuela is very violent and dangerous.","questions":"What does the U.N. human rights chief say about the number of extrajudicial killings in Venezuela?","answer":"Extrajudicial"}
{"text":["Before there was \"Gangnam Style,\" the dress or the ice bucket challenge, there were other stories that raced around the country. In the 19th century, newspapers throughout the U. S.  were kind of early aggregators. They just helped themselves to each other's stories, so if something juicy turned up in Boston, it would soon find its way into print in Chicago or Kansas City. That's the finding of researchers at Northeastern University. They used computers to search through those old publications for stories that went - sorry, can't avoid saying it - viral. Ryan Cordell is one of those researchers. He joins from the studios of WBUR in Boston. Thanks for being with us.","I'm glad to be here.","What is the 19th century equivalent of a cat perching on the toilet?","Well, we found quite a few of them; a lot of household hints and stories. One of my favorites is a story that purports to be a young man in church who is wooing a young lady by circling passages in the Bible and handing them to her and that they're married a year later as the story says at the end."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is asking what type of story was popular in the 19th century that could be compared to a modern day internet meme. The implied meaning is asking what was popular or trendy in the 19th century.","questions":"What is the equivalent of a modern-day internet meme in the 19th century?","answer":"Participation"}
{"text":["I just want to complete that thought. You said, it's going to be a combination of private investment and higher taxes?","Not necessarily because we have something that I think we need to do in any event, which is to remove the giant subsidies from the oil and gas companies. We need to repeal the majority of the Trump tax cuts, which went to the upper, you know, income brackets - rather than working people - and did not produce jobs. So simply having some reform like that is what makes sense.","There are people who would say, yes, let's do this, and I will do my part. But there are Republicans and some Democrats who would not be so keen on having to pay any kind of higher tax in order to offset the costs of these climate proposals. Can you tell us now that you would absolutely not ask the American taxpayer to pay some of the burden here?","Well, of course not. Nobody who is going to run for office can make any statement about the future like that, and they're responsible if they do. But what I can say is that the majority of the investment will be private, in part because it will be required. Much of our plan does not involve public investment directly. It is a requirement that the public utilities get off fossil fuels. It is a requirement that the auto industry provide cars for us that don't pollute anymore."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Removing subsidies from oil and gas companies and repealing tax cuts for the upper class will offset the cost of climate proposals.","questions":"Which subsidies need to be removed to offset the cost of climate proposals?","answer":"Subsidies"}
{"text":["Yeah. There was actually at this last Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, there was a talk about a possible Mercurian meteorite.","Would you know it if you found it?","That's the good question. I mean in the case of the Mars meteorites and the moon meteorites, there's actually - we have pieces of evidence from other sciences that can relate to that. And we know that these things are fairly solid. But in the case of a Mercurian meteorite, that would be a little bit harder to do, but it wouldn't be impossible. Hopefully there might be a sample returned sometime in the future.","So there could be around us now and we wouldn't know it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : THere may be mercurian meteorites in the solar system, although not as close \"as around us\" implies","questions":"What type of meteorites could be present in the solar system, according to the statement?","answer":"Mercurian"}
{"text":["Well, I've said for a long time that I think the president needs an assistant to the president for Twitter control. And once again, we have an example of why you would want that. In this case though, I have to say, when I first read the tweet, you know, you're just shocked. I was shocked at the the mayor's speech last night begging for help and saying that people were dying. That was heartbreaking to hear. But this feels to me like it fits in a theme that he has had for a while starting with his inaugural, which is to side on the side of the forgotten people. In this case, he names the military, the first responders and the aid workers.","Yeah. But nobody feels more forgotten than the people of Puerto Rico.","And - yeah. I was gonna say, and the people of Puerto Rico - versus what he sees as the elite, which would be the mayor and questioning the mayor's poor leadership ability - can't get workers to help, was told to be nasty to Donald Trump is in the tweet also. And this fits with his M. O. of going against the elites. And this fits with the rest of the news this week as well. I'm not surprised.","Is the Trump administration failing Puerto Rico now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is implying that the people of Puerto Rico feel forgotten and neglected by the Trump administration.","questions":"Which group of people does the speaker mention being named in the tweet by the president?","answer":"Military"}
{"text":["Will you try and legislate in spite of the president instead of with him?I mean, it seems that he is distracting from what the Republican Congress is trying to do.","Oh, absolutely. I think we'll move forward without that. I think that the president can certainly - I mean, it would be helpful, obviously, if the president makes that pivot - and I certainly hope that he does - where he's certainly more deliberate, more thoughtful in his approach - certainly gets off this Twitter stuff (laughter) - where, you know, I think that, as commander in chief - and I've said this before - that the men and women who serve this country in uniform want to see a president focused on the fact that we're a nation at war and not in a Twitter war with Rosie O'Donnell.","And so I think - I hope that this president can self-correct - this presidency can stabilize. But the Congress needs to move forward with policies that matter to the American people. And the president is doing something important right now in having visited Saudi Arabia - and to strengthen our alliance with Saudi Arabia, to counter that Iranian - Syrian, certainly under Assad, and Russia axis of power that is strengthening.","You know, you're talking about Twitter, but there were reports last week that the president disclosed sensitive intelligence information from Israel to Russian diplomats in an Oval Office meeting. You're a veteran. Do you have any concerns about the president's national security judgment, just briefly?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"legislate in spite of the president instead of with him\" - figurative meaning, implies that the Congress will pass laws even if the president is not in agreement with them.","questions":"Which word describes the implication of turn 0?","answer":"Implication"}
{"text":["No (laughter).","It tastes like the best parts of the sotol have just been elevated.","All right. I can get into that.","I don't know. I'm just making stuff up. It's really yum."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning: The food\/drink is delicious. Implied meaning: The speaker is indicating that they are uncertain about the accuracy of their statement. However, the use of the phrase \"I'm just making stuff up\" implies that the speaker may be exaggerating or not entirely serious about their comment. Despite that, they still express that the food\/drink is very tasty by saying \"it's really yum.\"","questions":"How is the sotol?","answer":"Delicious"}
{"text":["No. And the thing is that this book, to me, it was very important that it's not just a bunch of recipes put in a nice book. It's also really a document of food culture. And I think that out of those 700 or something recipes that are in the book, there are probably at least 50 of them that I doubt that anyone is actually going to cook. But they're still really important because they explain something about food culture, you know.","Yeah. And, I mean, I'm just guessing - blood pancakes with smoked reindeer fat makes the point that the Sami people, living in arduous circumstances, have to make use of every part of the reindeer.","It does, you know. It tells that story in a really, really clear and very good way.","If we were to say - chef, could you make us one recipe from this book, what might you try?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The book contains more than just recipes - it is also a way to gain insight into and appreciate the culture and history of the cuisine.","questions":"How does the book offer insight into the cuisine?","answer":"Culture"}
{"text":["She's going, this - you know, this mother, she can't leave her calf. We can't get her to go out. And - but you can't be trying to drag out a dead baby as well. Another friend had the exact opposite. The mother had died and the calf was alive and trying to work out how we can save this calf and get it out. And as you can imagine, that is - it's about as hard as it comes.","Oh, gosh. Mr.  Lamason, do we know why the whales do this?","We don't know. And there's a lot of theories around. But if you had to design a piece of landscape to capture whales, Golden Bay is pretty much perfect. It's a - quite a closed-in bay. It's got this large spit sweeping around, and the seabed out from there is very shallow for quite some kilometers. And there's a great chance that these whales were coming in here to feed and have made a poor choice about how close they can get in.","And is there anything human beings can or should do to try and help the whales?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that is there any action humans can take to try to assist the stranded whales in their situation.","questions":"How did the person in the dialogue feel about the possibility of humans helping the stranded whales?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["Global warming?","Global warming, you know, is warming or changes in the, you know, there are two theories right now kind of competing, although it's probably some of the both. Natural cycles versus anthropogenic causes in global warming. And both have been identified in records of gulfstream modulation or the changing of its speeds.","If the water gets - just gets warmer, though, doesn't it expand the volume of it?","Yeah. Water will also - changing the temperatures, water gets warmer. We all know it expands and rises sea levels. So there's three causes of sea level rise. One, the land can sink or rise up. That will change sea levels of the coasts. Warming of the water, as it gets warmer, it expands, and sea level will go up. And you can add water essentially to the bathtub by melting ice sheets from the. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn \"If the water gets - just gets warmer, though, doesn't it expand the volume of it?\" is an example of literal language. The speaker is referring to the scientific fact that water expands as it warms.","questions":"What is the scientific phenomenon referred to in turn 2?","answer":"Expansion"}
{"text":["His anatomy turns out to be such that when he tastes something, he experiences it as much more intense than someone who has a lower density of taste buds on his tongue and. . .","Well, let me go through - let me ask you - well, let me just remind everybody that this is SCIENCE FRIDAY, from NPR. And I'm talking with Barbara Stuckey, author of \"Taste What You're Missing. \"Are you saying that we each have different numbers of taste buds on our tongues?Not - we all don't have the same number of taste buds?","We all live in our own private sensory world. So yes, the answer is we all have a different anatomy picture that really influences how we experience. . .","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A: His anatomy turns out to be such that when he tastes something, he experiences it as much more intense than someone who has a lower density of taste buds on his tongue...","questions":"Which sense is intensified in someone with a higher density of taste buds?","answer":"Taste"}
{"text":["Yes, that's right. The president showed up a little late this morning and left the summit before it was over. And before leaving, he made a statement to reporters that sounded a lot like one of his rallies in America's heartland. He said America is the piggy bank that everybody is robbing and vowed that that was going to end.","And if that message were not enough to rile the other leaders, he also said that he thought the G-7 ought to re-admit Vladimir Putin's Russia, saying he thought it would be, quote, \"a real asset. \"","Well, Ron, remind us why Russia was kicked out, or, I guess, technically suspended, anyway. It wasn't just for soiling the carpet.","Russia was suspended in 2014 over its annexation of Crimea, which was one of a series of Russian aggressions against its neighbor Ukraine. That was a clear violation of international law. So the other seven countries gave Russia the boot and imposed a number of other sanctions. Then, early last year, Russia said it wasn't even interested in being in the G-8 anymore anyway."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president's statements caused tension among other leaders","questions":"Which country was suspended from the G-8 in 2014?","answer":"Russia"}
{"text":["So after the wasp sneaks under, it stings the tarantula. Then what does the wasp do?","Paralysis sets in almost instantaneously. In a second or two the tarantula is completely incapacitated, but still alive. And the tarantula hawk will then drag that tarantula to a burrow. So this could be the tarantula's own burrow. It could be a burrow that the tarantula hawk has dug itself. And it'll drag the tarantula down in there and place the tarantula upside down and it'll lay a single egg on the body of the tarantula. In a few days, that egg will hatch and the larvae will begin to feed on the living tarantula.","And the spider is still paralyzed.","That's right. So interestingly enough, if the egg doesn't hatch, the tarantula can actually recover and go on its way. But more often that larvae will hatch and eat its way into the living but still paralyzed tarantula, and it'll feed on that tarantula for several weeks. And at least some species will selectively feed on non-vital organs first to keep the tarantula alive longer."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The entire passage describing the tarantula hawk's attack on the tarantula and the subsequent feeding of the larvae on the paralyzed tarantula is figurative in its meaning, as it describes a complex biological process using metaphors and analogies.","questions":"Which turn implies that the description of the tarantula hawk's attack on the tarantula is not literal?","answer":"Turn1"}
{"text":["Which is - and Fosse - so that gives you a flavor of what these guys were. And Fosse laughs so hard and the, you know, all the tubes are plugged into his nose and the heart machine starts beeping and - I mean, it was a constant party in Fosse's room.","Well, and I'm struck by something you said because I guess he said he was under anesthesia, and began to get some ideas for a film. And he said: Even as I'm dying, I'm working.","Yep. That's the whole story of the guy, right there.","He didn't expect to live past 60, did he?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are no turns in this conversation.Whose atual meaning are different from their  literal meanings.All of the  return  are being used in straight for word and literal meanings.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of turn 1 in the dialogue?","answer":"Implied"}
{"text":["Good morning, Ira.","Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?","Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth.","Rather, what we see is what you mentioned, an actual, probably recent, increase in intellectual ability. We know that our students are the brightest in generations. They score higher on tests than students ever have before. They take more complex courses earlier and accomplish more. So there's all these reasons to believe that at least recently what we see is an actual increase in intellectual ability."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There is an actual recent increase in intellectual ability among students.","questions":"How would you describe the current trend in students' intellectual ability?","answer":"Increase"}
{"text":["Sure. There are a lot of things on the horizon right now. I know learning about the systems on the space station will be part of our training over the next two years. But, you know, right now, both Boeing and SpaceX are working on commercial crew vehicles, the CST-100 Starliner and the Dragon vehicle, so those are also possibilities. And then NASA itself is working on the Orion. So a lot of new, exciting things coming up that we could potentially be doing in the near future.","So what is your dream, though?If you could go anywhere, do anything in space, reality, you know, not even being a limit, what would you like it to be?","Honestly, right now, my dream is to go to space, so anything that NASA would give me if they assigned me to any mission I would be more than overjoyed.","I have a question because I'm the mother of a young girl who is fascinated like you were by space exploration. And especially to young girls of color, what is your message to them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  To give a message means to communicate an idea or opinion in an attempt to influence people, rather than simply conveying facts","questions":"What is the purpose of giving a message?","answer":"Influence"}
{"text":["Yeah, I think so. I think it's sort of like - the way I've been thinking about it, whereas Neanderthals - they were kind of an archaeological group that was in search of genomics and genetic elucidation, so we had all these bones from individuals we knew were Neanderthals because we've studied their archaeology and the tools they made so well, and so we wanted to compare that archaeology, the people who carried those - made those tools to present-day humans, see how they were related.","But in the case of the Denisovans, we started with the DNA, and we know there must have been a population, and really interesting to see what they were like. The West Eurasian, the European archaeological record and the archaeological record of the Middle East, is really, really well-studied and characterized by European and Western researchers. But the archaeological record of the eastern parts of Eurasia is more poorly studied or not studied at least within the same framework.","And it's a vast region of the world, which we know had humans in it when modern humans exploded out of Africa 40 or 50 thousand years ago. And so it's really exciting, and the data, the DNA tells you it's exciting, to try to figure out who those humans were. They were not exactly Neanderthals.","Hmm. In fact, isn't it true that when this bone was first discovered, people just thought it was a human bone?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Neanderthals were not searching for genetics, but rather it is our modern-day researchers who are searching for their genetic elucidation","questions":"How were Neanderthals characterized by European and Western researchers?","answer":"well-studied"}
{"text":["And so the bike industry in general thought that they could absorb the 10% increase that's been in effect for the last few months. And there's no way that they can absorb a 25% increase, so that will be borne by the consumer whether you're buying a $100 bike or a $10,000 bike across the board. There's no way that the industry can absorb that.","Can you give me a sense of what the price hike might be for a consumer buying, you know, the first or second bike for a kid, let's say?","Yeah. And so this does apply to kid's bike, too. You know that in general, the tariff burden will increase by probably $250 million, and so retail prices will be raised. And so if you consider, gosh, a $100 bike, which is a fair price point for most Americans looking to buy their first bicycle or a kid's bicycle, $100 is a lot of money for a lot of people. Who knows what'll happen?But if I had to look in a crystal ball, that price will probably go up to 125, 150.","And there are a lot of road riders or mountain bikers or anyone who is more of an enthusiast - they're paying $2,000, $3,000, $4,000 for a bike, and that same percentage price increase will apply to them as well. The bike doesn't get any cheaper because of the tariffs or the kind of bike riding you like to do. So bike prices will probably go up, you know, $1,000 on a $4,000 bike."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This implies that the bike industry intend to increase bike cost from current 10% increase to 25% increase.","questions":"How much more expensive will a $100 bike become due to the tariff increase mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"25"}
{"text":["The highlight, I think, of the BET Awards is, like they said, the BET Awards are great because they have all the celebrities. It's not like the other shows where you sort of go on, who is that?You sort of know who everyone is. But I think, for the BET Awards this year, Al Green was the best person. I mean, he really just, you know, he made you realize, you know, there's nobody out there like him anymore, and. . .","It was fabulous.","He was amazing. And then, Alicia Keys, when she brought, you know TLC and En Vogue and those girls back on stage, it may be felt old, but nonetheless, they were really good, you know, and they sort of was singing these songs that you know, you used to remember when I think music - all generations say this but when music was really good. You know, and who thought I'd say that about TLC, but I was like oh, I miss TLC.","They did \"Waterfalls\" with Alicia Keys."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : BET Awards are great because they have all the celebrities, unlike other shows","questions":"Which awards show did Al Green perform at?","answer":"BET"}
{"text":["Yeah. We need to start thinking about them now, and people are thinking about it. There's researchers now who are working on thinking about stuff like how do you find a person who's DNA is really robust against radiation damage because of course radiation damage is a huge concern in space travel and in living on other worlds. And right now there are researchers who have gotten a little funding from NASA and a little funding from other sources to look at how does DNA repair itself after radiation damage and is there a variation between people. Are there some people who might be better suited for space travel or are there some sets of genes that make people better at dealing with that?","Well, Annalee, thank you for giving us optimism today about wiping out the - most of the people or life on Earth. Annalee Newitz is author of \"Scatter, Adapt, and Remember: How Humans Will Survive a Mass Extinction. \"Thank you very much, Annalee, for coming on this show.","Thank you for having me.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning is that the demise of all people on earth is not a reason to be optimistic.","questions":"What is the reason to not be optimistic according to the implied meaning in turn 1?","answer":"demise"}
{"text":["It's a pleasure to be here. And I'm one of many people who are running the Dog Aging Project.","What do you folks hope to learn?","We're trying to create the largest long-term study of aging in dogs that anyone has ever done, with the goal of trying to understand how genes and environment determine healthy aging in dogs.","So it's not just that old rule of thumb that one year is seven years in a dog's life?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the speaker is not actually asking if the study is disproving the old rule of thumb that one dog year is equivalent to seven human years. Rather, they are asking if the study is more complex and nuanced than that oversimplified rule, and if it takes into account factors such as genetics and environment in determining a dog's age.","questions":"How is the speaker questioning the complexity of the Dog Aging Project study?","answer":"Complexity"}
{"text":["Governor, thank you so much for talking with us.","Oh, you bet.","And we are sorry for the loss. . .","Yeah.",". . . Of this important figure in your life and the lives of many other people. You've referred to Judge Keith as a mentor and even more than a mentor. Tell us a little bit, if you would, about how you came to clerk for him and why he meant so much to you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : It implies that the Governor was once a Clerk for Judge Keith who had probably stood by him before and during the reelection which he lost.","questions":"How was the Governor connected to Judge Keith?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["What is your guideline?When do you tell an officer he or she has to start recording?","NOPD policy requires them to record the entire encounter until any police action has ceased. So what we're finding out though sometimes the cameras aren't on. Sometimes they aren't wearing the cameras. And those are clear violations, but then there were also supervisors telling officers things like turn it off during, you know, sensitive matters, but not defining what a sensitive matter could be.","We're also hearing complaints that only parts of interactions are being recorded. That's one of the things we're hearing now. So the misconduct is occurring off-camera, but then they're recording, you know, perfectly professional encounters on camera. So that's one of the things we're also hearing now. And. . .","That's a big complaint and, of course, you wouldn't have any - ironically or incongruously - you wouldn't have a video record of that misconduct, but you would have a video record of them doing it right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Officers are selectively recording only parts of interactions, thereby hiding misconduct that occurs off-camera and only recording interactions that appear to be professional.","questions":"How are officers selectively recording interactions?","answer":"Selective"}
{"text":["Smaller splinters of gangs.","Exactly, a small splinter of a gang. And I think that everybody just wants to be the man. Things was a lot different when I was a kid, though. Back then, you could probably ask a kid who they wanted to be when they grew up, and they would probably say a teacher or a doctor. And now, you probably would get something like I want to be like my big homie. I want to be OG. Like, this is the only thing that they're exposed to, so this is all they can aspire to be.","Are you afraid to go out of your apartment?","If I was afraid all the time, I probably wouldn't be in this line of business, which is HugsNoSlugs. I started this movement to try to bring more positivity into the poverty-stricken areas of Chicago. And I see a lot of really good people in these neighborhoods. These people have hearts, too."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: The speaker is not afraid of going out of their apartment; instead, they are motivated by their desire to bring positivity to their community and recognize the potential of the people in poverty-stricken neighborhoods.","questions":"What motivates the speaker?","answer":"Desire"}
{"text":["(Laughter) I'd imagine it'd be pretty smelly by that point.","So how did you plot this optimal route?","Yeah, so plotting the route sort of started by picking where exactly we wanted to go. So we sort of sat down and we actually spent a few days, you know, setting out some criteria. So once we chose 50 stops around the U. S. , that's when the algorithm kicked in.","All right, I understand landmarks you have listed like, you know, Statue of Liberty or Lincoln's home in Springfield, Ill.  or Taliesin - Frank Lloyd Wright's home in Wisconsin - C. W. Parker Carousel Museum in Kansas?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"the algorithm kicked in\": In this context, \"kicked in\" is a figurative expression that means the algorithm started working or began to be used. It does not mean that the algorithm literally kicked anything.","questions":"What is a figurative expression used in the dialogue to describe the algorithm starting to work?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["I wrote nothing that of the slightest consequence before I met Sarah. I was a gag man for Fred Allen for five years. In his time, he was the greatest of the radio comedians. And jokes work for what they are but they're ephemeral. They just disappear. And that was the kind of thing I did up until the time that I met Sarah and we married. And I would say my literary career and my mature life both began with her.","And she would read everything that you did, and I gather she wouldn't be shy about telling you to change stuff.","Well, Scott, I used to read the books to her as I wrote them. And I have to tell you, she didn't like \"Marjorie\" at all at first. I'm not sure she ever got used to it because I couldn't quite conceal the fact that I was sort of falling in love with this imaginary young woman. But she would tell me what she thought. It was almost always right. And I would either get angry because I thought she was wrong and then have to get used to it, or I heard right away that she was right.","May I ask how you're doing without her?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He was a comedian for Fred Allen, not an actual gag man.","questions":"Which radio comedian was Fred Allen?","answer":"Fred-Allen"}
{"text":["Everybody else in the theater did. I didn't.","Oh, yeah, right.","Every single person cried except for me.","Oh, yeah, because they were only slicing onions for you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker did not cry due to lack of emotional involvement, not because of onions.","questions":"Which was the reason for the speaker not crying?","answer":"Involvement"}
{"text":["Why?","Because it's like they don't have an agenda. They are just naturally funny.","I see a little boy break a grown man down so bad, one time, in the mall. We was in the sunglass department. The man tried on the sunglasses, he put the glasses on, he looked down at the little boy, he said, how these look?Little boy looked at him, he said, \"They look good, now all you got to do is get your teeth fixed. \"","Kids don't have an agenda. They just say what they see and then old people they just tell the truth. So - so, you know. I live in South Florida. And where I live is a predominantly retirement community. And one day, you know, how the new - the new fashion thing is your bra strap shows. You know, you could wear like a tube top and you have a fashion bra-bra, fashionable bra one. So I'm standing in line at the post office and this old lady taps me on the shoulder, she goes, sweetheart, your bra is showing.","And I look at her like, but it's pink. So I love that. I love people that are like generally funny and just on it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Kids and old people are funny because they speak truthfully and without agenda","questions":"How do kids and old people speak?","answer":"Truthfully"}
{"text":["UNIDENTIFIED REPORTER #2: Under the command of General Eisenhower, Allied naval forces supported by strong air forces began landing Allied armies this morning on the northern coast of France.","Ships deposited more than 150,000 Allied troops on the beaches of Normandy. German forces were waiting in the cliffs above, and they unleashed. Meanwhile, paratroopers boarded planes, took to the air and dropped behind enemy lines.","Oh, it was a lot of noise - one after another.","What did it sound like?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Allied forces have begun their attack on France","questions":"How did the operation start?","answer":"Landing"}
{"text":["We're still going to have a problem. I mean, there is no question that there is already layoff. There's going to be an economic decline. There's going to be a recession. The question is how deep and, you know, is this going to be a catastrophe or is just going to be bad. This is not the last thing we're going to have to do.","Yeah, we've got $2. 1 trillion in non-prime mortgages about to reset in the next 18 months. Many of which will go into foreclosure unless there is a mechanism for those homeowners who could meet obligations to renegotiate with their lenders. And there was a bubble in the housing market that's going to be deflated. But the question is, are we going to go off a cliff?Or is there going to be a gradual decline and then the settling down and that's what we hope to achieve.","Democratic California Congresswoman Zoe Lofgren. Thank you very much for joining us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The housing market bubble will burst and we hope for a gradual decline.","questions":"Which market will experience a bubble burst?","answer":"Housing-market"}
{"text":["I made up my own mind. I figured that at some point it would turn into a mandatory evacuation and I wanted to get ahead of the traffic.","You know, to have gone through this once is bad enough. To be going through it a second time, I can't even imagine what that must have been like. As you were getting closer to having to make the decision to get up and get out, what went through your mind?","I immediately remembered what it was like three years ago, and I think that I was in sort of disbelief. I couldn't believe that I was going through it again. And I - the first thing I thought of was OK, what do I need to take with me that I want to see again?Because I immediately thought of what happened during Katrina and how, you know, it just caught us all off guard, and I just wanted to be prepared.","What did you take?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A remembered the unpreparedness during Katrina and wanted to pack accordingly","questions":"What was the reason for PersonA's decision to pack their belongings?","answer":"Unpreparedness"}
{"text":["They are fanatical about football hooligamisn in the same way that some people are fanatical about fine wines or foreign languages or current affairs. So they took their inspiration from the birthplace of football hooliganism. They're dedicated to their art of ultraviolence. They don't drink. They don't smoke. They work out specifically for, like, these encounters, as they call them.","Why do they want to be perpetrators of violence?","They say it's a way proving themselves. It's just another form of contact sport, you know?They have a tradition called wall on wall, which was when residents from two areas would gather and walk towards each other. And the object of the game, as it were, was to take out your opponent - take them out as in knock them down or render them unconscious. And as one football hooligan said to me, like, football hooliganism was made in Russia, it's just an extension of this wall on wall pastime.","How upset is the Russian government over what's been happening among Russian fans in France?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of the turn is asking why they want to cause violence, but the implied meaning is asking why they find violence appealing or attractive.","questions":"How did the football hooligans describe their tradition of \"wall on wall\"?","answer":"Knock"}
{"text":["And not to make any comparisons, but I seem to recall that there was a time when J. Crew was a catalog retailer - didn't have any real stores. And now, of course, they've got plenty of them in addition to a very ambitious online retail site.","Absolutely. The way that I've thought about these Shopify stores is they're undoubtedly strange because they're new, but their model is fundamentally not that different from, like, a big corporate enterprise. It's just that the tools have democratized the ability for people to tap into the globalized economy. And so before, it took the idea of having a supply chain and having all these people who would know factory owners in China and all these other kinds of things - that took a lot of infrastructure.","What these tools have done is eliminate the need for all that infrastructure. And so now it's this alternative way into what is a real thing about our economy, which is that many, many of the goods that we all purchase are made in Asian factories and are sold to us at a very high markup from their production costs.","So where's the coat now, may I ask?","It's hanging up in my closet, kind of towards the back - in there with the things that are too small for me to fit into now (laughter). But I'll bring it out at some point, I'm sure. Everyone needs a coat like that, you know, maybe for gardening or something."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Shopify stores have democratized the ability for people to tap into the globalized economy.","questions":"How have Shopify stores impacted the globalized economy?","answer":"Democratized"}
{"text":["I got a glance over the weekend, and the sky was beautifully blue. I mean, really, it was wonderful. And the air pollution index for that day was exceedingly low. Also, it was like 17. That's lowest since I've been keeping track.","This, I think, has to do with changes in weather patterns that appeared to start somewhere in the first week of August. The arrival of rainfall and winds from the northeast and form the northwest, which would bring in cleaner air, and in particular lack of strong winds from the south that would bring up the heavy levels of pollution.","Yet, you've said earlier that the air pollution in Beijing mostly blows in from elsewhere. So these steps that the city officials have taken in recent months with changing traffic patterns and closing factories, really, that's not a factor here?","Well, you know, I've been looking at the day they very carefully tried to decide what is really going on this summer. We know that the controls did something. It's just that I, at least, am unable to pick out their effects in the data so far."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"arrival of rainfall and winds\" means \"occurrence of rainfall and winds\" rather than \"the act of arriving of rainfall and winds\"","questions":"Which word in the dialogue clarifies the meaning of \"arrival of rainfall and winds\"?","answer":"Occurrence"}
{"text":["That could be jeopardized?","Well, certainly the people putting forth these plans don't think it would be. What they want to do is change Medicaid from a guaranteed benefit to a block grant to states. So a state would get a fixed amount of money from the federal government and decide for itself how to spend it. The idea is that states know their needs better than the feds, and this would give them flexibility.","What critics of this idea worry about is, what happens in an economic downturn when demand on Medicaid goes up?They say states could be left with a sort of Sophie's choice. Do you cut back on services for poor children or for the frail elderly?","I know we've talked about Medicare and Medicaid. Are there proposed changes that would affect older Americans who might buy their own health care coverage?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Do states have to make a difficult decision on how to use the limited funds? ","questions":"Which question do critics of the block grant proposal worry about in an economic downturn?","answer":"Services"}
{"text":["And, you know, I actually - I stumbled across an obituary from the New York Times for a Rough Rider, not even one of the famous Rough Riders. But it was from the '30s, and it went through his career. And it struck me that, you know, if here's a guy who's not even that famous, but he's significant enough that 40 - almost 40 years later, he gets an obituary in the New York Times. So what does that say about how famous and how significant these people were at the time?And what is that significance?So that really struck for me that match of thinking, OK, now I need to find the answer.","Well, were they hugely famous when the United States organized an army and invaded Cuba in 1898?","Absolutely. You know, there was this moment in 1898 where I think - and this is the significance of the war - is that it changed how America thinks about its military and about its role in the world. And it gave a positive spin to the idea that American can have a military and should go out into the world to intervene, to bring freedom.","And for a lot of people, even at the time - and editorialists wrote about this. They said the Rough Riders are emblematic of that new America, of this idea that we have this power and we have this - the strength and these values at home. And now we're going to arm them and take them out into the world. And to me, that resonates throughout the 20th century. Time after time, we do that same sort of thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The war in 1898 changed America's view of military intervention.","questions":"How did the war in 1898 influence America's military perspective?","answer":"Changed"}
{"text":["My own judgment is it is a personal power struggle. President Salva Kiir is in power, and Riek Machar - he has been the deputy in the party and the deputy in the government. And in 2015, Riek Machar came openly talking about his ambition to become the president of the Republic of South Sudan one day. That led to his dismissal. That is the genesis of this problem.","President Salva Kiir is from the ethnic Dinka majority, the largest tribes in South Sudan, and Riek Machar is from Nuer, the second largest tribe. And, you know, in South Sudan, these two tribes - they constitute the majority of the - of the army. That is why fighting took place with the support of these two big tribes who dominated army.","There are 12,000 U. N.  peacekeeping troops there already. The proposal is for another 4,000. I gather a spokesman for the South Sudan government says they're opposed because this would be neocolonialism. Help us understand what he means by that.","Well, the government is saying it is an attempt to colonize South Sudan. It is an attempt by the American government to change the regime or the regime change. That is what the government is saying, but I don't know whether that is the intention. This morning, I had an opportunity to interview the U. S.  ambassador - the South Sudan ambassador, Molly Phee - and she categorically denied that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) A's statement that the South Sudanese government views the proposal for additional peacekeeping troops as an attempt to colonize the country implies that they perceive the U.S. government as a threat to their regime, and are wary of any external intervention. The actual meaning goes beyond the literal definition of colonization as the establishment of political control over a territory by a foreign power.","questions":"What does the South Sudanese government perceive the proposal for additional peacekeeping troops as?","answer":"threat"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Pope Francis issued what's called an apostolic exhortation this week called The Joy of Gospel. And in his exhortation, he upheld church teachings while signaling a new openness to conversation about change. Maybe most notably the pope criticized the way much of the world, including the United States, does business. He warned against what he called an economy of exclusion, arguing that the very structural causes of poverty must be addressed. We turn now to Father James Martin, a noted Jesuit and culture editor of the Jesuit magazine America. He joins us from Philadelphia today. Father Jim, thanks for being with us.","THE REV. JAMES MARTIN: My pleasure.","What's the pope exhorting his church to do?","Well, I would say in this document he's asking us to do three things. Number one, remember the importance of joy. When we preach the Gospel, he inveighs against sourpusses - that's the English translation."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : POPE ISSUED THE JOY OF GOSPEL AND HIS EXHORTION,AND TO REMEMBER THE IMPORTANCE OF JOY","questions":"Which document does the pope reference in his exhortation?","answer":"Gloomy"}
{"text":["And what's interesting, I think, is Macron seemed unwilling to walk on eggshells for the American president. And by springing this Iranian visit, he seemed to make it clear that he's not going to shape the summit to avoid triggering someone like Trump. Of course, we have one more day left tomorrow, and we'll see how it goes.","And is there someone with whom the president seemed to get along well?","Yeah, there was - Boris Johnson. Of course, he's the U. K.  prime minister, and they've met on a number of occasions. They have a very natural rapport, and they're big sort of oversized personalities. As you said, they're on the same side with Brexit. And another thing I would say is that Johnson sort of feels that he needs to be cozy with Trump because he's leaving the EU, and he's desperate for a trade deal with the U. S. So it seems like Trump does have a buddy at this summit but still seems a bit distant from the other leaders of the major economies.","That is NPR's Frank Langfitt reporting from the G-7 summit in France."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Macron was not afraid to offend Trump by not shaping the summit to his liking.","questions":"How did Macron behave towards Trump during the summit?","answer":"bluntly"}
{"text":["When we had a transfer of presidencies in this country, when Barack Obama came in four years ago and George W.  Bush got aboard the helicopter and left town, well, George W.  Bush has pretty vanished from the American political leadership. He wrote a book, did pretty well with that. I gather he gives some speeches, but he plays no great part in the American political system. Bill Clinton has been playing a little bit more in this election.","But in the meantime, Mr.  Hu Jintao on his way out - really, on the way out?He will be a member of the Standing Committee. He's not going to be president. He's not going to be chairman of the party anymore, but?","He still may have a pretty strong role in the military. There's also the former president of China, who I covered back in the '90s, named Jiang Zemin who's from Shanghai. He has been front and center at the Party Congress. He's been out and about. He's in his mid-80s. He's playing role in terms of lining up who's going to take over. There's a lot of horse trading, but it's very, very opaque. And the average Chinese person really doesn't have any sense of where it's heading.","So you're getting this new generation of younger leaders, but the gerontocracy, the old leaders, behind the scenes, they're still playing a role."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : George W. Bush has disappeared from American politics despite writing a book and giving speeches.","questions":"How has George W. Bush been involved in American politics recently?","answer":"vanished"}
{"text":["Revkin told me about a man named Khaled. He worked at a slaughterhouse that ISIS took control of, leaving him with a choice - stay at the job and work for ISIS or leave and face retaliation.","Khaled, like many residents of Mosul, decided that cooperation was the only way to survive. So he continued working in the slaughterhouse. He claimed that he was never trained. He never received combat training or used a weapon or participated in any military operations on behalf of the group. But nonetheless, three years later, when Iraqi security forces, supported by the international coalition, recaptured Mosul, he was 1 of more than 90,000 people who have been detained on suspicion of association with the group. And he was arrested solely on the basis of testimony from a secret informant who had apparently witnessed him pledging allegiance, even though Khaled insisted that this pledge was involuntary and coerced.","So, you know, during the trial, I saw him explain that his work consisted only of feeding and caring for animals at the slaughterhouse. But nonetheless, he was sentenced to 15 years in prison after a trial that lasted less than 30 minutes. And the judges actually told him that he was lucky to receive such a lenient sentence because the crime for which he was convicted, which was membership in a terrorist group, generally brings capital punishment.","A lot of post-ISIS life is figuring out who was or who was not involved in ISIS and bringing the appropriate perpetrators to justice. This is done mostly through courts?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Khaled faced a difficult decision to stay and work for ISIS or leave and risk facing repercussions from them.","questions":"Which group took control of the slaughterhouse where Khaled worked?","answer":"ISIS"}
{"text":["The Census Bureau has been examining that very vigorously. What tends to be a common result is if you use data from retail, you tend to under enumerate those who aren't connected economically. That tends to be poorer people, transient people, children - precisely those that are hard to enumerate in general.","So the world of the future I think we all think is some complicated blend of these organic digital sources with traditional methods. You can't use one or the other. We need to use both. And some of the innovation proposed for the 2020 census actually involves trying to use those data wisely when we can.","Robert Groves - he oversaw the 2010 census and is currently the provost of Georgetown University. Thanks so much for being with us, sir.","It was wonderful talking to you, Scott."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of the turn in (3) is to express gratitude and appreciation to Robert Groves for his time. The literal meaning of the turn is to thank Robert Groves for being present with them.","questions":"How did PersonA express gratitude towards Robert Groves in turn 3?","answer":"Thanked"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. But you see what I mean?Because it is about perception and how we need to be - to understand what we're seeing before we can really see it, that's really key to understanding this whole issue of climate change and why we see or don't see what's right in front of us.","What drew you to monarchs in the first place?","I had really wanted to write about the subject for a long time. I live in southern Appalachia. I am surrounded by neighbors and friends - people I respect very much - who don't really understand climate change or believe in it, even though, as farmers, they're getting socked by it. We've had unprecedented, disastrous weather time and again. So it's such a strange contradiction that the people in our continent who are first to feel the harm of a changing climate are the last to be able to talk about it.","That was such a conundrum and such rich territory for a novel to tread, that I was just looking for the right way to get into the subject. And one morning, I just woke up with this vision in my eyes of millions of butterflies covering the forest behind my house. I just - I mean, I didn't actually see it. I imagined it. I woke up and there it was, and I knew that was it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Understanding climate change is not just about seeing, but also about perception.","questions":"Which issue is key to understanding climate change according to A?","answer":"Perception"}
{"text":["Visuals that related to Senator Obama in politics.","That's right - different iterations and paintings of Senator Obama. Ron English did one of him as kind of morphing into Abe Lincoln. You know, Shepard's hope thing, you know, was enormous. You know, I did one of Obama looking obviously very hopeful into the city. He's - behind him is a cityscape and rising is the sun. I wanted it to be during, you know, the sunrise. And so he's being backlit by the sun in warm light. And the reason I did the city is because, you know, he's from the city. He can relate to the city. You know, he was raised by a single mom on food stamps, which is much like my experience growing up in Harlem. And you know, he's - and I said I wrote \"one\" on it because he's really - he really represents one, you know, one global community, ethnically diverse, one nation, and really someone that we can, for the first time, being from urban life, relate to, besides Clinton, by the way.","Are you worried about they're being an element of hero worship to this?I mean, both in the fact that so many artists are depicting him, but also in the way that he's depicted.","Yeah. I mean, I'm not worried about it. I think there is a lot of hero worship, but in contrast to what's out there, you know, he is a hero."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Different artworks represent Obama as a hope for urban life.","questions":"What do the artworks represent Obama as?","answer":"Hope"}
{"text":["So I do miss it, but you know, I don't miss it enough to go back anytime soon. I'm not going to volunteer.","When you think about the losses, people who have been killed and some of the ones who've been profoundly injured in ways where they'll never lead an independent life again, do you ever ask yourself the question: Is it worth it?Is that a question you ask yourself?","No, I can never ask that question. Because if I do, then I'll start doubting my orders and doubting my job. But I will tell you this: Up to the point to where we caught Saddam Hussein, you know, one life is too many to lose, but it was worth the lives up until that point. So from that point on to now, as long as catch bin Laden, we free people, and we do our jobs, it'll be worth it. I'm not saying that we should have any American young men and women killed, but as long as we get the job done, then that's the sacrifice we have to make, even if it takes my own.","Well, Jeremiah, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : When you think about the losses, people who have been killed and some of the ones who've been profoundly injured in ways where they'll never lead an independent life again, do you ever ask yourself the question: Is it worth it? Is that a question you ask yourself?","questions":"Which word did PersonA use to describe the point in time until which the lives lost were worth it?","answer":"Point"}
{"text":["Now turning to economics, the housing market is in a shambles. Oil and food prices are skyrocketing. The U. S.  dollar is slumping, and stocks are on a bumpy ride. Gloomy economic news is most of what we hear these days, but the choices that you make can transform your relationship to money, even through these tough economic times. Here with some big picture advice is author and economist Julianne Malveaux. She is also the president of Bennett College. Great to have you on again.","Good to be with you, Farai.","So before we dig into some practical methods that you can help turn around your economy, let's get a good picture of what's going on. Many experts say that we're already in a recession. Do you agree with that?","The data don't suggest that we are. But for African\u2014Americans in particular, you know, when some people have a cold, other people have a fever. We have seen negative growth. We have seen high unemployment rates. We have seen the impact of gas prices over $100 a barrel. And so I think that whether we're in a technical recession or not, people are feeling the pinch of an economy that is not doing well."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"feeling the pinch\" - actual meaning: experiencing the negative effects or consequences of something.","questions":"How are people affected by the economy according to A?","answer":"Pinch"}
{"text":["Well, I have. You know, I was born and raised here in San Diego, and we just love it. But yeah, if - regardless of where the location would be, I would be willing to go anywhere - anywhere in the world for that matter, Afghanistan, Pakistan, anywhere that somebody may be able to offer me a job.","I saw some photographs of you in your condo. You've been packing up there, and I noticed behind the moving boxes, hanging in the window were some Christmas lights and some red ribbons. Are you still going to find some ways to celebrate the holidays despite everything that's going on?","Oh, sure. You know, I mean, the last couple of Christmases haven't been all the greatest, you know, because of the situation as well. And so, we're almost kind of getting used to it, but this one just hurts especially bad. But my wife and I are members of the Salvation Army church in Alcahone. You know, so, you know, we haven't forgotten really what Christmas is all about.","It's not about us and each other and the gifts, and at least that's what we want to think right now. But we're really just remembering the birth of our savior."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to be raised somewhere means your parents brought you somewhere as a kid and lived there for a long amount of time","questions":"How was PersonA's childhood in San Diego?","answer":"Loved."}
{"text":["Are they willing to let people die over that principle?","Oh, no. No, you don't - but to who - and that's such an interesting - I love that you got right to the college dorm part of the argument, you know - are you going to let people die?No one's going to let people die. You know, there's talk about - oh, my gosh, the Trump budget cuts Meals on Wheels. Meals on Wheels gets 3 percent of its funding, approximately, from government sources. Ninety-seven percent is people want to take care of their neighbors.","I. . .","People are not going to let their neighbors die."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"People are not going to let their neighbors die.\" - Here, A is making a general statement that people are unlikely to allow their neighbors to die, regardless of the specific context of the conversation. The literal meaning of A's words does not match their actual meaning, which is more like \"I don't believe that people will let others die, and I want to emphasize that point.\"","questions":"How does PersonA feel about the argument made by B?","answer":"disagreement"}
{"text":["You know, while the cat was away the mice could play, and the gangsters increased their power, because being gangsters, a lot of them didn't have to serve. You know, they got out of the draft and a lot of men were aware and effort was focused elsewhere. So, their power increased and that's why you had a lot of gang wars at the end of the '40s and the beginning of the '50s. And I grew up in that era. But I also grew up with gangsters, because my father had to deal with them in various capacities and we lived among. . .","Your father ran the film company.","My father ran London Films. He made films like \"The Red Shoes,\" \"The Third Man. \"And he had had a long career in the film business, which was bifurcated with a career in intelligence. He had to deal with gangsters, and sometimes he would take me with him. Also, I went to school with their children. So, my rendition of gangsters is a little different from screenwriters' rendition of gangsters because screenwriters only know what they see in other movies. I actually grew up with these people and I think I have a pretty realistic take on it.","I was struck by something that Harry Copeland tells his aunt at one point in Staten Island. He says there was more light and air in the war than now. What did that mean?","Well, that I take from my own experience."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the question \"What did that mean?\" implies that the listener wants an explanation of the deeper meaning or significance behind Harry Copeland's statement, rather than a literal interpretation of the words \"more light and air in the war than now.\"","questions":"Which word in the dialogue implies that PersonA has a unique perspective on gangsters that differs from screenwriters?","answer":"Rendition"}
{"text":["Well, when I was in Durban, I spoke to an Ethiopian shopkeeper who had lost everything. His shop was broken into and it was ransacked. There was pretty much nothing left on the shelves. And it looked that someone tried to even torch the shop. But the shop belongs to a South African landlord. He was renting the shop out to the Ethiopian man. And there are many stories like that across KwaZulu Natal, which is where you'll find Durban, on the east coast of South Africa.","But there was considerable violence, and not just to property, but also to people?","Very much so. Five people died in the last two weeks, including two South Africans, might I say, who were killed during the violence. The South African mobs and looters had gone to shop after shop, which were owned by migrants - African migrants. And they looted them and they were taunting them, telling them that they're taking their jobs and their economic opportunities, they must go back to where they come from.","Is there something that the government can do to stop this happening?Like, for example, institute something that happens in a lot of industrial countries - a minimum wage, for example?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Were South African mobs and looters targeting African migrants?","questions":"What did the South African mobs and looters do to the shops owned by African migrants?","answer":"Looted"}
{"text":["Monica, welcome","Hi, Michel.","So what do we know about what happened?Do we know how many shooters there were?Do we know how many injuries there are?","I spoke to an El Paso police spokesman about an hour ago, and there isn't much that they know at this point. They first got word of the shooting at 10 a. m.  local time, and it happened at an area Walmart. The officer told me there were multiple victims, possibly some fatalities, but no confirmations on exact numbers yet. Police have one person in custody. All they could tell us was that he's male. And at this point, the investigation has moved from the active shooter site to a crime scene investigation. And I've been watching multiple authorities go in and out of the Walmart, including the SWAT team cars parked outside. There's also a mass casualty situation ambulance parked just behind the building."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : shooters means people using a gun, usually for bad purposes","questions":"How did the police describe the person they have in custody?","answer":"male"}
{"text":["I mean, it's pretty scary at the time. It was very intimidating. It just seems like it was completely mental, an attack on a small business for a problem that it's not responsible for.","Well, what do you think of the problem?Because we read that protesters were chanting we want genuinely affordable housing and we want community. I realize it might be hard to keep that separate from the people that smeared stuff on your windows, but how do you feel about that?","I mean, I think that there is problems. There's problems of poverty in the area, and there's bad sides to gentrification, but there's also really great sides to gentrification. What we have done is we have moved into this area - the protests and gentrification in this area. If you wanted to protest gentrification in this area, you probably should've started about 15-20 years ago.","Have you ever had any conversations with any of your critics, your attackers, do you think?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"bad sides to gentrification\" and \"great sides to gentrification\" are figurative expressions that describe positive and negative aspects of the process of gentrification.","questions":"What do the expressions \"bad sides to gentrification\" and \"great sides to gentrification\" describe?","answer":"Physical"}
{"text":["So it changes the calculus in this way. If you're the Syrian Kurdish commander and you feel that the U. S.  is essentially abandoning you, where do you turn for help against your mortal enemies, the Turks?And increasingly, I'm told by the Syrian Kurdish commander they think that they have to turn to Damascus. They have to turn to the regime. Meanwhile, Assad's key ally, Russia, is said to be moving with Syrian army troops north towards these Kurdish areas, seeking to capitalize on what they think is a vacuum caused by the instability and the U. S.  withdrawal.","So these Kurds would have to deal with the threat from Turkey and then, on the other side of things, the threat from the Syrian government trying to reclaim this area.","So this is essentially the Kurdish condition - surrounded by enemies. It's the case in Syria. It's the case in northern Iraq. It's the case in Iran. This is a people who just live in inconvenient countries. So yes, as in the past, the Kurds are surrounded. They feel they have enemies on all sides. They thought the U. S.  was a reliable friend, and they now are beginning to doubt that.","I want to come back to something you mentioned earlier - the thousands of ISIS prisoners that Kurds had been guarding. There's concerns about whether they can continue to do that while also fighting off the Turkish military. You had the president saying today in a statement that, quote, \"Turkey is now responsible for ensuring all ISIS fighters being held captive remain in prison. \"Does that seem likely?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It changes the way you think about the situation. Russia wants to capitalize on everyone's problems in the region.","questions":"Which country is said to be moving with Syrian army troops towards the Kurdish areas?","answer":"Russia"}
{"text":["You know, let's come back to the Large Hadron Collider because if you talk about things, if you talk about this theme, there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the other one that you know well is the prediction from string theory and similar theories that there are extra dimensions. And one of the ways to look for things like extra dimensions or shadow universes is to look for the leakage of material from our universe into their universe.","And let me use the LHC. One way to look for evidence of extra dimensions would be to carefully look at collisions that take place at the Large Hadron Collider and look for some of the energy to disappear. And what's interesting about that technique is when I put there's - when I say there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the top of my list would be neutrinos, and we now know neutrinos exist. We can't see them with the eye, but we can build detectors to detect them. And the original evidence for the neutrino was missing energy in beta decays that were observed in the early part of the last century and then poly-hypothesize this particle, the neutrino. And eventually, we built detectors that were sensitive enough. So this technique of looking for energy leaking out of our universe going elsewhere is a very powerful technique for looking for things that we can't see.","Michael Turner, a pleasure as always to come have you come on and explain this stuff to us. Thanks a lot, Michael.","Glad to be on."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  the speaker is discussing the possibility of extra dimensions and shadow universes, and how we can look for evidence of them at the Large Hadron Collider by observing the disappearance of energy. The actual meaning is not just about staying silent or not making noise, but rather exploring the concept of extra dimensions and the technique of observing energy leakage.","questions":"What is the speaker suggesting we can observe at the Large Hadron Collider to look for evidence of extra dimensions and shadow universes?","answer":"Energy"}
{"text":["So they're easy to identify, too.","I wish they were even easier. . .","But at least we can, and that's I think going to be really good. And that leads to this, you know, kind of futuristic way where you could put a little nanochip in the blood for people who are at risk of heart attacks, and then it could constantly have the blood under surveillance of these cells and then send a signal to one's cell phone, a heart attack app, which you would get the alert that, you know, something's brewing over the next several days.","Yeah, maybe a Facebook update, too."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"maybe a Facebook update\" implies a ridicule of A's statement.","questions":"What does PersonB do to PersonA's statement in turn 3?","answer":"Mock"}
{"text":["You're right. I mean, by the time \"Star Trek\" came along I haven't - I'd met the love of my life, lost him, I had divorced my children's father; my boys were about 9 and 10. And I was just shot out of a cannon into the most extraordinary work I've ever done in my life or will ever be asked to do because nothing could more challenging, more arduous or rewarding than that part on that series.","Than being Captain Janeway.","That's correct.","I want to go back to your daughter, and you had her decades ago. It was clearly a different time. Do you ever think about how your life would be different if you had made a different decision?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : 2) acknowledges the character that the speaker played on the series, Captain Janeway. Turn (3) simply confirms that the previous statement is correct. Turn (4) asks a straightforward question about the speaker's past and whether she thinks about how her life would be different if she had made different choices.","questions":"Which character did the speaker play on the series?","answer":"Captain-Janeway"}
{"text":["It's lovely. And I was trying to think of things that old people do that I should do, you know, like sticking my tongue out when the spoon is only halfway to my face and stuff like that. But in actual fact, if you just behave yourself absolutely normally, you become like an old person because they're exactly the same as us.","You've gotten the opportunity to work with two of the great actresses our generation, with Judi Dench in \"Mrs.  Brown\" - I think a lot of people remember that - and now with Maggie Smith.","Yeah, and an absolute delight it's been, yeah - and not only that, but with Michael Gambon, as well.","Mm-hmm. He's a great actor."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Just behaving normally can make you feel like an old person.2. Working with great actresses like Judi Dench and Maggie Smith has been a delightful experience.","questions":"What has been a delightful experience for A?","answer":"Working"}
{"text":["Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn B: The actual meaning of \"What makes Flame different?\" is not a literal question seeking to identify what sets Flame apart from other things. Instead, it is a rhetorical question used to introduce the topic of discussion and prompt the guest to provide information about Flame's unique characteristics.","questions":"How is \"What makes Flame different?\" used in the dialogue? (Answer: rhetorically)","answer":"Rhetorically"}
{"text":["The final thing is this. How has both - how have both the culture and the appearance of Harlem changed with this new money and these new properties, newly priced properties?","Well, the culture is even more vibrant, because we have people that have moved in who have the money to contribute to the children's art carnival or the Dance Theater of Harlem or the Harlem School of the Arts. I mean, it's not just myself, it's brokers, other people who have moved in are writing large checks to these organizations, like the Studio Museum in Harlem. They weren't thriving before. Some of the organizations didn't exist before. The culture is only going to continue to be as great as it is and continue.","What you notice, though, is the complexion of the people walking down the street. In the bad old days when I moved up to Harlem, if I wanted to go shopping, you had to get on the subway and go to 42nd Street. Now I just walk down to 125th Street, and everything I want is there. And while I'm walking down the street, I see people from around the world. We get tourists from around the world, in addition to the non-African-Americans who are now residents of Harlem. So the face of Harlem is changing, but the culture is not going anywhere. The non-blacks who moved to Harlem moved there because they want the nightlife that we can offer.","Willie, thank you so much for being with us today and sharing your points of view."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Harlem's culture is thriving due to the influx of wealth and new residents.","questions":"What is the reason for the changing complexion of the people walking down the street in Harlem?","answer":"nightlife"}
{"text":["Thank you.","Why do you think more teens are identifying as transgender or gender nonconforming?","Well, I think there's been a long history of advocacy and fighting for that visibility. And there's more media attention and celebrities coming out. That has increased visibility. And with more schools having more GSAs and clubs, it gives youth a chance to feel like they can talk about their gender exploration and live more like their authentic self.","To what extent do you see this study as a reflection of teens feeling more comfortable in diverse gender identities versus teens sort of experimenting with their identities and how they describe themselves?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is asking for A's opinion on the increase in identification of teens as transgender or gender nonconforming.","questions":"What is PersonB asking for PersonA's opinion on?","answer":"Opinion"}
{"text":["One last, I think, pretty blunt question we've got in 40 seconds left - why is President Trump more critical of Alec Baldwin than he is of Vladimir Putin on this week when Putin shows an animated video of Russian missiles smacking Florida?","I, you know - I think if you look at the President Trump style with ISIS as an example - he doesn't like to tip his hand. He was critical of the last administration by declaring departure dates, and so forth and things going on in the Middle East. And I think he's been tougher on Russia and Vladimir Putin than any other administration, at least the last two.","Really?","And so I would say, stay tuned to that. He's pretty predictable in that way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : President Trump is more critical of Alec Baldwin than Vladimir Putin despite Putin's provocative action.","questions":"Which action by Putin did President Trump not criticize?","answer":"Baldwin"}
{"text":["This has been just week one of the trial. And as we noted, there's another Manafort trial ahead. And gosh knows what the fallout will be in reporting about the lobbying industry. But do you - is it possible, do you think, that the lobbying industry - is it some kind of break point, as arguably it was, let's say, a decade ago about the Jack Abramoff revelations?","It might be, particularly for foreign interests. I know that there's a lot of concern from the president on down of people everywhere trying to get at America and learn our interests and learn our secrets. And there may be some attempt to have more transparency about public lobbying for foreign interests.","I mean, the suggestion is, they'd just walk out on K Street, hire somebody, and that's how they'd do it.","Right. That's right. And I think people would say, I think we need to have a little bit more oversight. You know, we don't want individuals - American lobbyists - looking for secrets and then selling them to our foreign adversaries. It kind of reminds me in a way of, like, the 1950s. You know, we're all real nervous about what foreigners are doing, so let's pass some laws to make sure that America doesn't help our enemies."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There may be a need for more transparency in lobbying for foreign interests.","questions":"What kind of oversight might people want in public lobbying for foreign interests?","answer":"Transparency"}
{"text":["Were you there three years ago when Katrina hit?","I was here when it actually hit and I left afterwards.","Wouldn't that have kind of prompted you to get out of the city?Because it was such a disaster there, so many people lost their lives and suffered really terrible, terrible deprivations over days and days.","Yeah and it was - because the levees broke, that happens."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B is referring to the Hurricane Katrina catastrophe in New Orleans and it aftermaths.","questions":"Which catastrophe is PersonB referring to in turn 2?","answer":"Katrina"}
{"text":["Right. You have this really shocking statistic in your article where you say that personal consumption amounts to 70 percent of the American economy.","Yeah, that's right. Basically, we are the engine of our own economy. And for far too long apparently, we've just been swiping our Visa cards willy nilly and pumping up this economy. The worry is that when we stop doing that, which is what's happening, our economy is going to sag.","So you went out to see if it was sagging. You went to the Mall of America. What did you find?","The most ambitious mall in the United States, the mall that is doing the most to put you in the fugue state that allows you to spend. They're up against it at the Mall of America. What I found was a lot of people who weren't shopping all that much and a lot of people that were counting their pennies in a way that they never had before."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : We are the reason that there is an economy. We've been buying things with our Visa cards without a care. When we stop doing that the economy is going to go down.","questions":"What is the percentage of personal consumption in the American economy?","answer":"70"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . Calmer feeling inside your kitchens. Why?","Right. That's part of what I learned not to do from Todd is to scream and to not pay them. And a lot of that was what I had to go through. I had to beg for my paycheck, or - I think I was making $6 an hour from him. So I felt I would succeed if I treat people with dignity and teach them the tools to succeed - not that I really knew right away when I had only one restaurant - but to be part of a team instead of a head chef and a screamer. I wanted it to feel like we're all in this together - from the reservationist, to the dishwasher, to the line cooks, to myself - that we are one chef, and we - I need them to succeed. So that's how I worked in my kitchens.","Why do you think it's still so hard for women to break into this business?","It isn't hard to break into it. It's up to women to want to do it. I think a lot of women look at the hours and the lifestyle, and then they think family or children. But I think it's fabulous to have your children involved in the restaurant industry. I mean, it's changed a lot. And - I mean, it's not - it's about what women want to do, and don't give up. I think that's really - I just put my head down, and I knew what I wanted, and I went for it. And yeah, there's struggle, but there's struggles in every job."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The literal meaning suggests that breaking into the restaurant business is not difficult for women. However, the actual meaning is that women need to have the desire and motivation to pursue a career in the industry.","questions":"Which industry does Alice believe is not hard for women to break into?","answer":"Restaurant"}
{"text":["\"VIC\" (Member, Overeaters Anonymous): Hi.","Vic, I want to start with you, and I want to be very specific. Give me an example of a day when you completely lost control over your eating.","\"VIC\": It wasn't a day. It was the day before (Laughing) and that day and the next day. But anyway - OK, so I wake up in the morning, totally hung over. Dr.  Lerner - Marty - described very well, you know, having lost control. So, I wake up, I feel terrible, and the last thing I want to do, I think in my rational brain, is eat because I feel so bad. And yet, I know that if I take one bite of anything, I'll be off and running. And I'm scared. I'm really scared.","Let me just ask one thing. When you say hung over, do you mean hung over from overeating or hung\u2026"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : VIC lost control over eating for multiple days, not just one day","questions":"Which day did VIC lose control over eating for multiple days?","answer":"day-before"}
{"text":["And it's in Kuwait where you have thousands of people now for the last three months, four months, have been out in the street demonstrating. Again, they're not calling for the overthrow of the regime, but they're publicly calling out the emir's name, saying we will not let you run an autocratic system and abuse power. They want more representation, the more equitable representation of parliament, less corruption and more citizen involvement or engagement in public life.","They haven't articulated their demands very clearly, but these are - this is what they're talking about. They just want to feel that they're not, they're not simply living in a shopping mall where they can go and buy six cell phones and have no other rights. They have rights more than material rights, that's what they're saying.","So Kuwait is fascinating because it's wealthy, the government gives them everything, and they're still out there demonstrating for political change. And I think these sentiments run throughout the whole region, including Saudi Arabia and other places, to some extent. None of them are revolutionary in the monarchies, but none of the citizens of these countries either will accept total and permanent acquiescence in the existing power structure.","I know you're on your way from here back to the airport and back home, and I don't mean to send you there early, but a report today from the Bulgarian investigation into that terrible bombing, and, well, clearly that's going to be a development that's going to be - we're going to keep an eye on."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : to keep an eye on means to watch something closely","questions":"Which report did PersonB mention?","answer":"Bulgarian"}
{"text":["Correct.","And that's the idea?","That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.","Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied Meaning: Is President Kabila using the current situation to remain in power?","questions":"How is President Kabila maintaining his hold on power?","answer":"Remain"}
{"text":["We're talking with Henry Petroski, author of \"To Forgive Design: Understanding Failure. \"And I got a minute before the break. Henry, tell us why after two decades of book writing, you made - you wrote a sequel \"To Engineer is Human. \"This is \"To Forgive Design. \"","Well, the first book I concentrated on mechanical reasons why things fail. In this book, I wanted to concentrate on larger questions of systems. Everything is embedded in a system, and that system includes these people who - some of whom are not the best of actors. So I wanted to tell that story. A knee-jerk reaction is when a plane has an accident or something happens, oh, it was a bad design. That's not always true. In fact, in more cases than not, it turns out not to be true. It turns out that the operators or the inspectors or some person involved wasn't. . .","All right.",". . . holding up his end of the deal.","We'll talk about more stuff from his book \"To Forgive Design: Understanding Failure\" with Henry Petroski. Our number, 1-800-989-8255. You can tweet us, @scifri. Stay with us. We'll be right back. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A \"knee-jerk reaction\" in this phrase doesn't refer to the legs. The implied meaning is an automatic response to something, done without much thought. Akin to how when your knee is struck your leg flexes - no thought, pure reflex.","questions":"What does the phrase \"knee-jerk reaction\" refer to in the dialogue?","answer":"An-reflex"}
{"text":["And then the phone rang a few times, but I didn't pick it up. And, you know, you don't always answer your phone when you're having dinner on a Saturday night.","Right. Right.","So that's when I called his mom. And her cousin picked up and said - Alex, you need to get on the next plane to Sri Lanka. There's been a bombing. And Kieran is hurt, and he's here in the hospital.","But he was alive at that time?","The answer is no. He wasn't."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The answer is no. He wasn't.  In this turn, the literal meaning is that the person in question was not alive at a certain time. However, the implied meaning is that there was a tragic event or circumstance that led to the person's death, which is being discussed.","questions":"What was the person's condition when the cousin picked up the phone?","answer":"Hurt"}
{"text":["Sure.","But any - is there any other practical dimension to your support right now?","We have an open-door policy. Anybody can come anytime of the day or night that they need help. We have done know your rights training. We disseminate that information with a lot of frequency. So we make sure that people get in their hands the steps they need to take if they should have an encounter with ICE.","Do they have any rights?This is one thing that I'm unclear about because I think - do people have any rights?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the organization provides assistance to those who may have encounters with ICE and educates them on their rights","questions":"How does the organization help those who may have encounters with ICE? (Answer: Educates)","answer":"Educates"}
{"text":["And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?","You know, we saw reports. As we were doing live coverage, we saw reports of damage start to trickle in. But, really, right after an earthquake, it is, like, fog of war. No one knows what's going on. Emergency responders are just going out trying to survey the damage. We did hear reports of fires.","We got some calls into our - into KPCC of people telling us that they had fallen. One woman said that she thought maybe she broke her wrist. And there were a lot of people who were just afraid to go back into their houses, which is another big thing with big earthquakes - is that it disrupts people's lives not just for that one moment, but continuously, especially after aftershock after aftershock after aftershock keeps hitting.","All right. Well, we'll be getting updates throughout the morning. And thanks very much for joining us. KPCC's Jacob Margolis, science reporter and host of a podcast called \"The Big One: Your Survival Guide. \"Thank you, Jacob."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : moment in time, early in the day implies she wants the current update on damage.","questions":"What is the time frame implied by \"moment in time\" in turn 0?","answer":"Early"}
{"text":["But I understand the point that you're making. She drill - she drilled that into. . .","You know what I'm saying?She drummed that - she drilled that into us. . .","There you go.","One blow, you go. You don't examine; you don't wonder. You run, and you come home, and then we talk from there. And that needs to be - you have to have a line in the sand that is clearly drawn from a young age. And I don't think that happened."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : something was done repeatedly over and over so it became second nature","questions":"Which word describes the action that was repeatedly done to make it become second nature?","answer":"Repetition"}
{"text":["Ground-based solar is only good when the sun is shining. And this applies to wind energy, too. It's only good when the wind is blowing. You have to have fossil fuel generators, standing by to pick up the load when the wind stops blowing, or the sun stops shining. So that has to be figured into the economics of wind- and ground-based solar. And, of course, you don't have either of those problems with a solar power satellite.","What would my electricity bill look like if I were getting solar power beamed down from satellites?What would it cost me?","That is hard to come by, but the best estimates we have, it's somewhere between eight to 20 cents a kilowatt hour.","Well 20 cents a kilowatt hour would be very expensive electricity."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"very expensive electricity\" - This turn has a figurative meaning, as the term \"expensive\" is relative and varies depending on the person's perspective and circumstances. The actual cost of electricity may not be considered high by some people, while others may view it as unaffordable.","questions":"Which term in turn 3 has a subjective meaning?","answer":"Expensive"}
{"text":["You mean the wall, the proposed wall.","Correct - fencing. And I believe that, in terms of targeting sanctuary cities, I think law enforcement - local law enforcement should refer to federal authorities people who they detain, undocumented immigrants who have criminal record. So I support that. At the same time, I do believe that we need to find a way to deal constructively with undocumented immigrants, the majority of whom pose no threat to our communities. And right now the Republican Party seems to be stuck, not willing to deal constructively with undocumented immigrants. And that's the key. So I'm hopeful that, you know, if we secure the border, we remove undocumented immigrants who have criminal records - that, eventually, Congress could deal in a more humane, constructive way with undocumented immigrants.","Just very briefly, do you think that this bill is a nonstarter?","I think so. I think it's not going anywhere. I think he did it to please his base, to energize his base. But, frankly, it goes nowhere."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  A: \"I think he did it to please his base, to energize his base. But, frankly, it goes nowhere.\"  The literal meaning of \"it goes nowhere\" is that the bill will not physically move or go anywhere. However, in this context, it means that the bill will not be successful or gain support.","questions":"How does the phrase \"it goes nowhere\" relate to the proposed bill?","answer":"Unsuccessful"}
{"text":["Can you read something for us, a short passage?","Well, why don't I read just the first few verses of the Lord's Prayer that most people are familiar with?","That would be wonderful.","We say a prayer like this, I'll say. We Fada wa dey een heaben, leh ebrybody hona ya name. We pray dat soon ya gwine rule oba de wol. Wasoneba ting ya wahn, leh um be so een dis wol same like dey een heaben. Gii we de food wa we need dis day yah an ebry day. Fagib we fa we sin, same like we da fagib dem people wa do bad ta we. Leh we dohn hab haad test wen Satan try we. Keep we fom ebil."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The passage is written in a dialect of English, and the words used have a literal meaning that may be different from standard English. The actual meaning of the passage is a prayer asking for God's blessings, forgiveness of sins, and protection from evil, expressed in a language that is culturally and regionally specific.","questions":"How is the Lord's Prayer expressed in the passage?","answer":"Prayer"}
{"text":["So in terms of what to do about it, we've said Twitter and Facebook have shut down these accounts, which prompts me to wonder - does shutting down a fake account do that much?Can't the Chinese government, if it's determined to go down this path, just open up two new ones in place of the one that was closed?","It is a cat-and-mouse game, and the companies are constantly trying to get ahead of it. You know, they will try to apply machine learning and artificial intelligence, but it is not a long-term solution. As you said, they can always set up new accounts.","Adam Segal, thanks.","My pleasure. Thanks for having me.","He is director of digital and cyberspace policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, talking there about the move by Facebook and Twitter. They have shut down hundreds of fake accounts they say were created by the Chinese government."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mice are constantly trying to get away from cats and cats are constantly trying to catch mice. In the same way, the Chinese government will always be trying to escape restrictions on social media accounts and media companies will always be trying to find fake accounts.","questions":"Which animal is used in the turn to describe the relationship between the Chinese government and media companies?","answer":"Cat."}
{"text":["Why reform?What has been wrong with the bail system up to this point?","It is extremely unfair. Essentially, what you're doing is taking people who have zero dollars and asking them to pay you dollars to preserve their own liberty. In New York, it's something like 45,000 people per year are detained on bail. And of those, 85 percent have a bail that they can't afford to pay, even though it's less than $500. And we have to keep in mind that in New York City, the cost of jail is something like $400 - at least $400 a day, so the math quickly does not add up.","Which is why I'm wondering, you know, why does the system do it this way?How does the system benefit from the current way of asking for bail?","I think that it's kind of a version of inertia. I think, you know, the idea was that the most important thing we have in our society and culture is money, so if you take that away from somebody or threaten to take it away from them, then you can compel them to do what you want them to do, which is to return to court. And then we have an industry that this set up - often, you know, in any downtown area, you see the bail bondsmen is right next-door to the court. And so we have an industry that has a lot of entrenched interest to keep the current system alive and well."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This statement implies that the amount dollar charged for bail in New York is exorbitant.","questions":"How many people per year are detained on bail in New York?","answer":"45000"}
{"text":["Well, it's interesting. What you find in the data is that Trump did very well among self-described evangelicals. But he did far better among self-described evangelicals who don't regularly attend church. Cruz destroyed him amongst evangelicals who go to church regularly.","And what's also important about that is there's a lot of evidence that white Americans who don't regularly attend church do worse economically and are much more pessimistic about the state of the country. And that's also what Trump tapped into, this sense of deep pessimism about the state of the country. And that pessimism is greater among Americans who don't regularly attend religious services.","And you just - according to your article, you don't see this in just one side of the political divide, do you?","No. What's interesting is that the same divide you see between Ted Cruz and Donald Trump voters, you also saw between Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton voters. So if you look at white Democrats, white Democrats who went to church were much more - religious institutions at all - much more likely to be Hillary Clinton supporters. Bernie Sanders much more likely to win the votes of those who did not regularly attend religious institutions."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The political divide between the Democratic and Republican parties is not the only divide that exists, there are divides within the two parties as well.","questions":"What is the interesting observation about the voting patterns of white Democrats in relation to their religious affiliations?","answer":"Voters"}
{"text":["Well, just briefly, people must be awfully nervous because, of course, there's aftershocks. Well, just briefly, people must be awfully nervous because, of course, there's aftershocks. Well, just briefly, people must be awfully nervous because, of course, there's aftershocks.","Absolutely. Absolutely. Absolutely. And let me just tell you, since I first got here, Renee, I have felt under my feet many, many aftershocks. And let me just tell you, since I first got here, Renee, I have felt under my feet many, many aftershocks. And let me just tell you, since I first got here, Renee, I have felt under my feet many, many aftershocks. And the U. S.  Geological Survey confirms aftershocks are taking place here. And the U. S.  Geological Survey confirms aftershocks are taking place here. And the U. S.  Geological Survey confirms aftershocks are taking place here. I feel maybe. . . I feel maybe. . . I feel maybe. . .","Right. Right. Right.",". . . Every few minutes, and there's been hundreds of aftershocks that are 2. 5 magnitude or higher. . . . Every few minutes, and there's been hundreds of aftershocks that are 2. 5 magnitude or higher. . . . Every few minutes, and there's been hundreds of aftershocks that are 2. 5 magnitude or higher. And as you mentioned, people are nervous. And as you mentioned, people are nervous. And as you mentioned, people are nervous."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : THe aftershocks means that there are tremors after the main earthquake that take people by surprise.","questions":"How are people feeling due to the aftershocks?","answer":"Nervous"}
{"text":["Yesterday, General Motors announced that it would review its contracts with ad agencies to see whether or not they should even be renewed. Let's say you were working on a car company advertising campaign. What should they do to actually get American consumers to buy cars?","Yeah, I think there's a deeper question there, Alex, to be honest, about - with the car companies. If I were pitching them right now, or I was being asked to prove that it's worth doing, I would really, really want to understand what their view of the future of their industry is. And I would want to align my marketing around their authentic view of their business, right?","What I absolutely think they should do right now?They should do a series of advertisements, purely authentic and honest, basically saying, look, for the past 30 years, they've messed up. They've run afoul of obvious economic externalities. And I think if they are authentic, and they do a mea culpa, people will regain some trust in them. That might be a futile attempt, frankly, at this point because I think that they are lumbering giants.","So, how are companies reshaping their marketing strategies to deal with customers who may not want to buy anything right now?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Car companies need to understand their industry's future to create effective advertising","questions":"Which question does Alex ask to understand the car companies' view of their business?","answer":"View"}
{"text":["Over 700 people were killed this week when a stampede took place during the Hajj, the annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca. The sheer volume of pilgrims every year has led to problems before. In fact, over 1,400 people were killed in a similar incident back in 1990. This week, Iran and other regional powers criticized the Saudi Arabian government for poor management of the crowds that come to their holy places. Gary Sick is a senior research scholar at Columbia's Middle East Institute. He joins us now from New York. Thanks so much for being with us, Mr.  Sick.","It's a real pleasure.","What do you read into Iran's outspoken criticism of Saudi Arabia over these deaths?","This is very standard stuff. The Iranians and the Saudis have a running battle about the Hajj. And the worst incident they've ever had was actually back in 1987. In each case, they've blamed the Saudis. And in each case, the Saudis have blamed the pilgrims for misbehaving, for not doing what they were told. And on the previous case, the Saudis broke diplomatic relations with Iran over the incident. And that was only restored a few years later after Khomeini died."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) A: This is very standard stuff. (implied meaning: This type of disagreement between Iran and Saudi Arabia is not unusual or surprising.)","questions":"Which statement did PersonA make to suggest that the conflict between Iran and Saudi Arabia over the Hajj is not uncommon?","answer":"Disagreement"}
{"text":["Let's wrap up, Ron, by talking about taxes. The House wants to try to pass a tax bill - an overhaul bill - by Thanksgiving. What can we look forward to there?","This week, we should see the pigs start coming out of the poke. The tax chairman on the House side, Republican Kevin Brady, is going to show us what his details show - legislative language. We're going to find out really who's going to be paying more, who's going to be paying less. And that could really kick off some political fallout.","Right because, obviously, the devil is in the details. And the vote could be very slim, at least on the Senate side, right?They can't afford to lose many at all.","That's right. Maybe they can lose 2 and still prevail in the Senate because their margin is basically 2. But we've got Rand Paul from Kentucky and Bob Corker of Tennessee both saying they don't want to add to the deficit. As it stands now, this plan would add 1. 5 trillion to the national debt."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A:\tThat's right.Maybe they can lose 2 and still prevail in the Senate because their margin is basically 2.But we've got Rand Paul from Kentucky and Bob Corker of Tennessee both saying they don't want to add to the deficit.As it stands now, this plan would add 1.5 trillion to the national debt.","questions":"Which two senators are opposed to adding to the deficit in the tax plan?","answer":"Rand,Bob"}
{"text":["Perhaps the most interesting part of it is the number of loose ends that we have. On one hand, Secretary Pompeo said there was no doubt Iran was responsible for the whole thing. And he listed a whole series of things that he said Iran had been doing, one of which was apparently an unknown militia in Iraq and the other was action by the Taliban in Afghanistan.","So maybe Iran really was responsible for the attacks on the tankers. But I think the fact that Pompeo chose to blame them for absolutely everything that's going on in the region that we don't like is a pretty good indication that the United States really is on a kind of propaganda campaign against Iran. But that doesn't solve the problem.","I was going to ask about the Iran side of this. So just, you know, for the sake of argument, what would Iran's motive be - if these attacks detected - what would be their motive?","As I say, I'm not doubting too much that Iran had a hand in this thing. Their motive is I think quite clear. We are in the middle of a signaling process that is going on. The United States is actually cracking down on Iran so that, basically, Iran not only can't sell oil. It can't sell its refined products. And, increasingly, Iran's closed out of international markets for just about anything that they produce."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Assuming that Iran is responsible for the attack.","questions":"What was PersonB going to ask about in the dialogue?","answer":"Iran"}
{"text":["Oh, lovely to be here, Neal.","And everybody knows Frederick Douglass met with Abraham Lincoln at the White House, what, 35, 40 years earlier. What's the big deal about Booker T.  Washington coming to dinner?","Well, what happened was African-Americans were invited to meet in offices. They built the White House. They worked for the various presidents. But they were never ever invited to sit down at the president's table. And when that happened, the outrage was just unbelievable.","And you write that the outrage was not - it was about crossing that social line. Yes, you can talk to African-Americans, you can have relations with them, business dealings, all kinds of relationships but not sit down at dinner, not have a social relationship."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at a deeper meaning or intention behind their words or actions, which requires further investigation or understanding to fully grasp.","questions":"How did the outrage feel?","answer":"Unbelievable"}
{"text":["First of all, there is a lag time of - it's several months before raw material costs work their way all the way through the system. And farmers will be quick to tell you that they only get 20 cents from every food dollar. The rest of it goes to processing and labor and transportation. So all of these other factors also effect what we're paying at the grocery store.","Essentially the department is assuming that the volatility in the prices for energy and commodities is going to be with us for a while, at least through the middle of next year. In other words, the recent trends of lower prices for oil and other commodities isn't going to last, and if you look at today's spike in the price of oil, that's a good case in point.","John, you mentioned how we'll be seeing this at the grocery store. What about at restaurants?","Well, that's interesting. USDA forecast compares prices of food at home with those away from home. And in 2005 and 06, restaurant price and inflation was much higher than in grocery stores, but that changed last year and this year and supposedly will continue next year. Restaurants are now raising prices more slowly than grocery stores. Basically, restaurants are trying to absorb some of their higher food costs to cushion the blow to their customers and to keep them coming in."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"cushion the blow\" - This is an idiomatic expression that means to lessen the negative impact of something rather than actually providing cushioning.","questions":"How does the idiom \"cushion the blow\" relate to the impact of higher food costs on restaurant customers?","answer":"Lessen"}
{"text":["That could be jeopardized?","Well, certainly the people putting forth these plans don't think it would be. What they want to do is change Medicaid from a guaranteed benefit to a block grant to states. So a state would get a fixed amount of money from the federal government and decide for itself how to spend it. The idea is that states know their needs better than the feds, and this would give them flexibility.","What critics of this idea worry about is, what happens in an economic downturn when demand on Medicaid goes up?They say states could be left with a sort of Sophie's choice. Do you cut back on services for poor children or for the frail elderly?","I know we've talked about Medicare and Medicaid. Are there proposed changes that would affect older Americans who might buy their own health care coverage?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) Implied meaning: Is this plan risky? ","questions":"Which word in the dialogue suggests a potential trade-off for states under the proposed Medicaid changes?","answer":"Sophie's"}
{"text":["How has Koinadugu been able to avoid the infection for so long?","We took concrete measures, proactively, way back in May. The district decided to self-quarantine. There was control of movement - people coming into the district and people going out of the district. We also embark on major sensitization door to door. We involve community leaders, and we just involve the whole community to say this is a real. Ebola is real. Let us avoid Ebola.","Sierra Leone is a society with a lot of faith healers. What do they do that might help spread the disease?","The act of healing involves the use of the hands. They are not trained people. They don't have gloves. It's a lot of physical touching, and that is why we are saying the faith healing practice should be stopped for now because once the patient shows signs and symptoms of Ebola and they go to a faith healer, it's almost 100 percent that they will transmit it to the faith healer and eventually to the community."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4).  The speaker is not simply stating that faith healers use their hands and physical touch, but rather that this practice is a high-risk behavior that can easily spread the Ebola virus. The speaker is suggesting that in order to contain the spread of the virus, faith healers should temporarily stop their practice until appropriate safety measures can be put in place. The implied meaning is that traditional practices such as faith healing may need to be altered or suspended in times of crisis, even though they are deeply ingrained in the culture.","questions":"Which traditional practice is the speaker suggesting that should be temporarily stopped until appropriate safety measures can be put in place?","answer":"Faith"}
{"text":["I think that - you know I think that there a lot of lower pay guys who are, you know, for contracts who are taking - because in other words, you're getting it from somewhere, and this - the money that they're getting paid now is coming from last year. You know, that's what baseball does. I think we will see, next year, we'll begin to see the push back in terms of the long-term contracts, which contracts are taking a hit. But right now, as long as television is there and fans are, you know\u2026","Well, yeah, but are the fans going to be there?Because I'm hearing that the NFL, NBA, major league baseball fans, they're worried that - the clubs are worried because people - season ticket holders who keep thing - whole thing going they may not be re-upping the way they've been in the past.","And that's when you will see - you will see the effect of that next year. You know, right now, baseball is still going on in terms of the salaries. They're going on last year's income, which was record-setting. Now, if they've got a downturn at the turnstile, you were going to see it next year. This time next year, we could be talking about some serious, you know, shrinking, withdrawals, you know, there could be a couple of teams that aren't cutting it. And I'm talking about\u2026","That was danger."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Season ticket holders may not be buying season tickets again this year.","questions":"How are the clubs worried about the fans?","answer":"Re-upping"}
{"text":["Wow. So that must have even surprised the researchers, I imagine.","Yeah, well the big thing is nobody really has any even guess about how the brain is able to do this. They did some similar experiments where they weren't turning somebody's world upside-down, they were - they had goggles that reversed right and left. So everything that was on your right is suddenly on your left.","And again, the first few days were just madness from the point of view of somebody doing this. The whole world is reversed. But after a few days, the brain adjusted to it.","Amazing. And so when they took the goggles of him and he had to go back to the normal life, how long did that take?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The brain is capable of adjusting to normalcy after experiencing an unusual situation.","questions":"Which ability did the brain exhibit after a few days in the experiment?","answer":"Adjustment"}
{"text":["I mean, there is evidence that companies invest more when stock prices go up. But yeah, like you said, it's not necessarily on hiring. They might spend on equipment, factories, technology. And some of that could mean fewer jobs. You know, some of that technology makes things more efficient. The bottom line is it's not an easy cause and effect.","In the recovery from the recession, stocks went up, jobs didn't go up nearly as quickly. And sometimes, a company's stock price goes up after it lays people off. Investors say, oh, you're saving money. You're cutting spending. Good for you. In other words, it's not very simple. The stock market is a broad economic indicator, but it is not at all nuanced.","Danielle Kurtzleben. Thanks so much for being with us.","Sure. You bet."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The stock market is not reliable to determine whether companies will create more jobs or not.","questions":"Which indicator is not reliable to determine whether companies will create more jobs or not?","answer":"Stock-Market"}
{"text":["And they would need 60 votes to do that bill, which means they would need at least eight Democrats and probably more to come on board to essentially re-pass some form of health care legislation to offer insurance to people on the individual market. I think realistic people in this debate on both sides of the equation say that is the most unrealistic option at this stage.","Do you hear any concern from Republican leaders or individual Republican legislators about the public opinion polls that suggest that the Republican health care proposals are extravagantly unpopular, less than 20 percent?","They are fully aware of how unpopular this legislation is. But I will tell you, Scott, every single conversation I have had with a Republican lawmaker on Capitol Hill is they say not doing anything on health care - letting this bill fail - is the worst possible political outcome because it is the singular thing that they have all campaigned on. It is the reason why they believe they have congressional majorities in the White House. And to fail on that would completely deflate the Republican base and structurally weaken the party going into the midterm elections.","But Mitch McConnell at the same time can't pull some Democrats over with a plan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Is there any worry among Republican leaders and legislators about the low approval ratings of the Republican health care proposals?","questions":"How do Republican lawmakers view not passing any health care legislation?","answer":"Unrealistic"}
{"text":["Believe me, I was - I just went into a state of shock. Yeah, it was one of those things. I mean, I guess some people's imaginations run towards good fortune all the time, but I'm sort of the kid who's always sort of preparing myself for the apocalypse. So when something good happens, it's more extraordinary even than normal.","Yeah, do you know who nominated you, by the way?","Oh hell no, and whoever did kept their secret because I had no clue.","Oh, you won't find that out. That's so interesting because I think you'd want to go and thank them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person who nominated the speaker for something kept it a secret.","questions":"What did the person who nominated the speaker do?","answer":"Nominated"}
{"text":["No, so Wim van Egmond is an artist, and he was trained as an artist. He was a painter at first, and he was really into painting from these scientific illustrations, biological illustrations from hundreds of years ago. And he said, well, you know, I could just do this myself. So he purchased his first microscope about 20 years ago and since then has been kind of perfecting the technique.","But when he started, you know, he was also working with film, like Roman Vishniac. And, you know, when he had to look up what he was looking at, these organisms, he was looking in reference books, things that are just unthinkable these days, of course you would just Google.","So he said that, you know, progress has gotten much faster because now you can just look and see your result immediately. You don't have to develop your film, and - you know, and so he's gotten - it sounds like he's gotten - he's sort of refined his techniques much more quickly in the days of the digital camera.","Now I know you like to limit the size of your video pick to like three or four minutes."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"progress has gotten much faster because now you can just look and see your result immediately.\" Literal meaning: Advances in technology have made progress faster because you can immediately see your result without having to wait. Actual meaning: The availability of digital technology has allowed Wim van Egmond to refine his microscopy techniques more quickly than he would have been able to in the past.","questions":"Which artist?","answer":"Wim"}
{"text":["May of 2014.","Wasn't open very long, was it?","No, it wasn't. They said it was an experiment.","I don't expect you to make any effort to understand Wal-Mart's point of view. We've done a number of these interviews over the years, and people complain when Wal-Mart's open. And so now they're closing. Can you see from their point of view?You're saying that, you know, Wal-Mart might say people complain whatever we do. They just don't like us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The speaker is implying that Wal-Mart is not genuine in its claim that the store closure was an experiment, and that it may have been a strategic move to avoid further criticism and negative publicity. ","questions":"Which store closure was referred to in the conversation?","answer":"May"}
{"text":["What does she say - the captain?Does she say, I was just - I needed to dock the ship?","She said, I was respecting international law. And in fact, there are many constitutional experts here in Italy - also say that the decree is in violation of Italy's constitution and its treaties on international law, the U. N.  convention on asylum and on the right of anybody to come into a country and ask for asylum.","Now, issues of immigration and migrants, how to handle them - this has been front and center in Italy for years. How are Italians reacting to this case?How do they view the captain - what she was trying to do here?","Well, the reactions are as polarized as the country is, and she's a symbol of the divisions over the government's anti-migrant policies. Many on the center-left treat her as a heroine, while Salvini has called her a pirate and an outlaw. The media's dubbed this the battle of the two captains - Captain Rackete of the Sea-Watch and Salvini, who's known to his populist followers as il capitano."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : when something is front and center in this context it means its out in the open, or some type of problem everyone notices","questions":"Which word describes an issue that is widely noticed and in the open in this context?","answer":"problem"}
{"text":["He says he's thrilled, but he doesn't want to celebrate too much because he worries about other academics who are having a tough time.","Mark Shaleki(ph) used to work in a recording studio owned by Capitol Records.","But as we all know, the music business was in a tailspin even before the recession hit.","So Mark opened his own studio. He charges his clients less, but he says he's making more money than he did working for the man.","Theresa Tomas was laid off at a bank. She was working for the man. She had been there for five years, and then she contacted a company that she had worked for back when she was in college."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The music business was losing a great deal of money with end in sight.","questions":"What was Mark Shaleki's previous job?","answer":"recording"}
{"text":["So alphabetically, Jeb Bush, Ben Carson, Hillary Clinton, Martin O'Malley, Bernie Sanders, who'd you like?","You know, I liked the fact that they all came. The important thing for the Urban League was that each of these five candidates accepted our invitation, came, and I think offered a serious perspective from their own point of view. They came in here. They talked about race. They talked about economics. They talked about the criminal justice system. They talked about cities. These issues don't get discussed on the main stage in many, many political debates and discussions. And so why we wanted them here, so they could talk about equality, talk about opportunity, develop those ideas in a way that will not, and - or, I should say, historically has not happened in this campaign up until this point.","Mr.  Morial, another unarmed black man was killed by an officer in Cincinnati. I wonder if you have some ideas you want to bring to our attention about how to try to repair a shattered relationship between black citizens and police.","It's an American tragedy of untold proportions, particularly as we've seen it play out in the last two years. Our ten-point justice plan recommended that body cameras and dash cameras be mandatory for all law enforcement all the way across the country. But we also believe that more must be done when it comes to police officer hiring, police officer training, and police officer accountability. The community wants to and must trust its police if they're going to be allies is in what we all want, and that is safer communities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Mr. Morial wants to know what ideas would help bridge the gap between black citizens and police officers.","questions":"Which candidate did PersonA say talked about race, economics, criminal justice system, and cities during their visit to the Urban League?","answer":"Sanders"}
{"text":["Do you ever get parents who say, well I don't really like the way you're approaching this, I don't believe that that the way you're approaching this is the best way for my child?Even if they brought their kids or they've had their kids kind of come on a field trip.","We've had very few people who have said that. We have people who have left suggestions of how we can do things better, which we really want. But the focus groups that we conducted with parents before - as we were putting this exhibit together at school sites around the country, it was very clear. They were hungry for us to do something that would allow them to help explain to their children why people look different, what the concept of race is and more importantly, how people of all different backgrounds can get along in the school site.","Give me a very concrete example of something that you have in the exhibit. Describe to us one thing.","We have a wheel, color wheel, and we ask students to find their color on the color wheel. And this is the place where we talk about the history of skin color and why people have different skin color. And it has a lot to do with how humans migrated out of Africa over the, you know, past 20,000, 50,000 years. Anyway, they find themselves, and then they look at ranges of people from around the world who look like them. And it's a big a-ha moment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The exhibit helps students realize people of different races can get along.","questions":"Which concept does the color wheel in the exhibit explain?","answer":"Race"}
{"text":["Right, and how ironically that they were announced during Small Business Week - (laughter) - on top of everything else.","I didn't know that it was a Small Business Week. Tiffany, what is your best-selling luggage line there?","Right. Well, we - kind of the example I've used is, you know, so if we had a piece of luggage on our store that was at $400 and, you know, has now gone up to $440, but that $400 piece of luggage goes up to $500, then that becomes a really big price jump.","So how are you feeling?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer","questions":"How was the actual meaning different from the original meaning in turn 2?","answer":"actual"}
{"text":["You can never protect someone by stripping them of their rights. The premise is that unless California lawmakers become complicit in denying California athletes equal rights, then somehow those players will be harmed. And that's just a false premise.","And before we let you go, do you feel like you're making headway?Like, you know, part of the reason you got started with this - you were a former UCLA football player yourself. You saw the NCAA suspend your teammate for accepting a bag of groceries when he had no food. You know, you've seen a lot over the course of time that you've been working on this. And I'm just wondering if you feel like your arguments are making headway. Are people starting to take the questions around how college athletes are treated more seriously?","I do think there's progress. Not as fast as I would like - you know, you look at the multi-year scholarships are now available, the name, image and likeness lawsuit from Ed O'Bannon that resulted in stipends. There's still a ways to go. Let's put it that way. But I do think there's reform. I think a lot of key people are listening, especially lawmakers.","That is Ramogi Huma. He is the founder and executive director of the National College Players Association, an organization founded to advocate for college athletes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Stripping someone of their rights does not protect them.","questions":"How does Ramogi Huma feel about the progress made in advocating for college athletes?","answer":"progress"}
{"text":["Well, absolutely. That would be a sin for me. . .",". . . to put inaccurate science into my work. So you're right. And it's true. Even though this transposition or this abrupt shift of the monarch migratory pattern is an invention, I wanted to frame it in a plausible way. And the fact is, one of the manifestations that we're already seeing that's really very straightforward to document is migratory shift in - especially birds. Almost - the great majority of North American bird species have already shifted their migratory patterns and their breeding ranges.","And so I thought this is a sensible beginning place, so that if I could ground this fictional event in real science, that would be - it wouldn't be a sin. It would be both good fiction and good science, if you see what I mean.","I do. Did you have to do a lot of reporting?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It would be a mistake for me to do that.","questions":"What would be a sin for the speaker to put into their work?","answer":"Inaccurate"}
{"text":["Every president in his or - his - well, I should say his or her. Every president in their first year has an unexpected crisis, whether it's national security, a natural disaster, domestic unrest. This is certainly shaping up to be Donald Trump's unexpected crisis. And I think he realizes that. And the stakes are getting higher, and I think that's why he's lashing out more because I think he realizes what's going on.","It's moved to the capital. As we said Secretary Price has resigned, but at least three more Cabinet members face similar accusations about charter jets. Whatever happened to them, can the Trump administration say they'll drain the swamp when they seem to be flying over it in private jets?","You, know, this reminds me of that line from \"The Godfather\" about Mr.  Corleone likes his bad news early. Donald Trump is not like bad news. And this was starting to spread to other cabinet members, obviously. And I think the we'll-see when he was asked whether Trump - I mean, whether Price should resign was his way of signaling, yes. And sure enough, Tom Price offered his resignation. And unlike the Session's case, the president accepted it because I think he sees this for the irony that it is of his own cabinet doing what he campaigned exactly against.","Is the Republican Party offering much of a profile of leadership at the moment?- can't get Repeal and Replace passed, the tax code seems - proposal seems fuzzy, federal response seems to certainly be slow if not negligent in Puerto Rico. We could go on."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) - The actual meaning is that Donald Trump likely wanted Tom Price to resign as Secretary of Health and Human Services after facing criticism for his use of private jets. Trump campaigned against government corruption, so this situation is ironic.","questions":"Which cabinet member resigned due to criticism of their use of private jets?","answer":"Price"}
{"text":["I saw poofy hot pants. They were like, they were kind of like a poof skirt but done in a hot pants style.","So many regrettable. . .","Regrettable, regrettable fashion sense.","Just unfortunate that you just sort of go, OK, all right. Just X, you know, that X thing they have with Glamour?Yeah, a lot of that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B is describing a pair of shorts that have a poofy appearance, not actual pants made out of hot air.","questions":"How were the hot pants described by B?","answer":"Poof"}
{"text":["The Staples Singers, Booker T and the MGs, Isaac Hayes and more - but the Stax tale isn't just one of another record company that became an international sensation. It's a story of tragedy - business and personal. But most importantly, it's a tale that features racial harmony in a city with a troubled racial history. In the late '50s and early '60s, Memphis, Tennessee was a city divided.","It was a city that you might say had hate pulsing through its veins.","That's author Robert Gordon. He lives in Memphis. His new book is \"Respect Yourself: Stax Records and the Soul Explosion. \"But Stax didn't start as an explosion of soul. The owners of Stax Records, Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton, set out to do something very different.","They were two white siblings. Jim was a white country fiddle player. You just wouldn't believe how far black music was from their minds at the time."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"black music was from their minds\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton were not thinking about black music at the time. The implied meaning is that they had no previous interest or exposure to black music, which makes their eventual success in the soul music industry all the more surprising.","questions":"Which industry did Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton become successful in, despite having no previous interest or exposure to it?","answer":"Music"}
{"text":["Some of them do. But, more than that, what I'm hearing are the amount of people who are so disturbed because everything that Toby says about Rachel is something that they could be accused of. I always think of that, that the - sometimes, my behavior is forgivable in my marriage. And God forbid I should ever get a divorce. But if I did, that very same behavior would be looked at as completely reprehensible. And I think the amount of people who are struggling to find their footing in this new world - where we are supposed to have these equitable marriages and that women are supposed to be as successful as they want to be and that perhaps nobody told the men that we were given permission for that - I think, more and more, you're going to be hearing people who say, oh, my God, the things that Rachel says are things that I've said. It sounds like a miserable book. But I do want to say that. . .","No, it's not.",". . . I think that there is - (laughter). . .","It made me laugh a lot. It bubbles with the insights and funny situations."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Bubbles implies that there were many of insights and funny situations included.","questions":"What does the book do?","answer":"Entertain"}
{"text":["Sure. Sure.",". . . And two child actors were killed in a horrific helicopter crash. . . . . . And two child actors were killed in a horrific helicopter crash. . .","This is the \"Twilight Zone\" movie. This is the \"Twilight Zone\" movie.","The \"Twilight Zone\" movie, right, in northern Los Angeles County. The \"Twilight Zone\" movie, right, in northern Los Angeles County. And despite the fact that violations - Landis and the other defendants were acquitted. And despite the fact that violations - Landis and the other defendants were acquitted. No one has actually ever pled guilty to involuntary manslaughter when it comes to a film production. No one has actually ever pled guilty to involuntary manslaughter when it comes to a film production. So from that standpoint, this was an historic development. So from that standpoint, this was an historic development."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"And despite the fact that violations - Landis and the other defendants were acquitted. No one has actually ever pled guilty to involuntary manslaughter when it comes to a film production. So from that standpoint, this was a historic development.\" - The literal meaning is that Landis and the other defendants were found not guilty in a case related to a film production where someone died. The actual meaning is that the speaker is discussing the significance of the case, specifically that no one has ever been held accountable for a death on a film set before.","questions":"Which case is being discussed by the speaker?","answer":"TwilightZone"}
{"text":["Sounds like if you could meet with the president again, you would tell him the same thing you told him last time.","That's exactly right. Matter of fact, obviously that was the announcement there, but he was heading to Japan. And in the Oval Office, I said, Mr.  President, we need a trade agreement with Japan. We're losing market share there right now because others are entering that market at a lower tariff rate than what we are. Canada is taking our market share that we worked hard to earn. And the longer this goes on, the more harm it is. It's going to be the more difficult force to be able to regain. And so, Mr.  President, when you're talking to Abe, please let's get back into have a free trade agreement with Japan.","Is it frustrating though that you would have to tell them the same thing again when you thought less than two weeks ago you had a fix?","Well, compared to me not planting my corn, it's not that frustrating. So - but, you know, I think you've got to be understanding that on the rural playing field that yes, there are other issues. We can be patient. We know that - I would have a tendency to agree that there is unfair trade practices in other areas, and those need to be addressed. To a certain effect, we're getting sideswiped because it's not our product. It is what it is, but I think we need those that - we are true believers in free and fair trade. And so we want that in all sectors of society."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker wants the President to negotiate a new trade agreement with Japan","questions":"What was PersonA's main concern about the trade agreement with Japan?","answer":"Market"}
{"text":["The tragedy in Burma is it's just hard for us to comprehend. It is true that the current projections are that the numbers will rise significantly. I've heard numbers as high as 50,000 people being killed. So it's something that just automatically pulls at the heartstrings.","And you know, Farai, scientists have discovered that human beings are actually wired to be altruistic, so it's a part of our DNA. It's natural for us to want to give. We see a crisis, we want to give. And so I think it's really important to acknowledge that, and to really encourage people to give. It can. The giving, overwhelming giving for a major public emergency like this can have a negative impact on other parts of the world. We've seen it in the past.","For example, when the tsunami hit Asia, several years ago, where a quarter of a million people lost their lives, you saw relief and development organizations flooded with donations. OxFam UK, at a certain point, actually had to refuse donations because they no longer had the capacity to actually program funds. So what I would actually advocate for those that are really interested in making contributions, is to give responsibly. To really look at those organizations that you are interested in making a contribution to, and making your donation in flexible kinds of ways. . .","So, for general support as opposed to necessarily for one thing."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Donating responsibly and researching the organizations one is donating to is important in ensuring that the funds are used effectively.","questions":"How can one ensure effective use of funds when making donations?","answer":"Research"}
{"text":["It is - they take it as good news, but the reality is it's not because the only infrastructure that remains intact is the infrastructure of the former regime and the former ruling party. It's difficult to see how, in a situation where people are fearing for their lives, you can put together a cohesive electoral campaign. Even though the military council says that they will allow observers in, this is a military council that is blocking journalists - that has suspended Al Jazeera, that has suspended other journalists from doing their work. So there's a lot of disbelief that they will allow observers to carry out their job.","Meanwhile, they will just continue to sit-in, to protest, to demand democratic reforms even if they are unlikely.","To resist - that's what we're hearing - that so much blood has been spilled, so many lives have been lost that to turn back now is unthinkable to many of those people we're speaking to on the ground, Rachel.","CNN's Nima Elbagir. She is senior international correspondent with CNN covering Sudan. She joined us from London on Skype. Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The military council is not trustworthy and will not allow observers to carry out their job","questions":"Which council suspended Al Jazeera?","answer":"Military"}
{"text":["And based on your experience, Ms.  Rosenberg, how much do France and the U. K.  and Germany want to be different than U. S.  policy in this regard?","Right now is the period of true testing of exactly that question. How independent do they want their foreign policy to be, given that there's a long-standing, close relationship between trans-Atlantic security partners and significant collaboration and interconnectivity in the economic sphere?So on the one hand, Europe wants to adhere to its own principles on foreign policy and economic relations, which lead it to diverge from the United States in the matter of this Iran deal. On the other hand, that may mean risking quite a lot.","Elizabeth Rosenberg of the Center for a New American Security, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Europe is facing a difficult choice between adhering to its own principles and risking significant consequences or aligning with the US on the matter of the Iran deal.","questions":"Which country's policy is Europe considering diverging from in the matter of the Iran deal?","answer":"United-States"}
{"text":["He does. He even asks for changes.","This is sounding awfully inauthentic to me.","Well, I figured if I could program the personality I might as well make it friendly.","Ken Schwencke of the Los Angeles Times. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  friendly.the speaker is implying that they are trying to manipulate the personality of someone to make it more ","questions":"Which word describes the kind of personality the speaker is trying to program?","answer":"Friendly"}
{"text":["Sure.","We are always so grateful when you come on this show. I got to tell you - we got a lot of noes from Republicans who didn't want to come on this show and talk about gun policy, except, you know, maybe they'll go on Fox News. If the Republicans are proud of their record on guns, why not be interviewed about it?","Well, I can't speak for all of my colleagues on this. I mean, we obviously have a very serious violence problem in the country and particularly a firearm violence issue. And that - you know, we must address it. That said, we also have to respect the rights of people who own. . .","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This turn expresses willingness to engage in the conversation.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue shows that the Republicans refused to come on the show to talk about gun policy?","answer":"Republicans"}
{"text":["And yes, impeachable.","You say, if it's true, what powers does the House have to try to corroborate this claim?","It does have to be corroborated. We can't impeach a president based on, you know, unnamed people speaking to the press, as credible and numerous as these reports may be. So you know, there is an investigation underway already by three House committees into what President Trump may have done with Ukraine. That is going to absolutely heat up in the next couple of weeks. So all I can say is, stay tuned. Fasten your seatbelts. The stakes here are extremely high.","Let me ask you, congressman. There are a number of Democrats and voters who are saying, you know, where is the party's spine in all of this?This is a president who has been, they say, running roughshod over your legislative authority with total impunity. What do you say to that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"stay tuned\" impllies to pay attention. \"fasten your seatbelts\" implies to get ready. ","questions":"How should you prepare for what's coming?","answer":"Ready"}
{"text":["At dusk tonight - the Belmont stakes, and an engaging chestnut named California Chrome has a chance to be the first horse to win the Triple Crown - a sweep of all three of the major thoroughbred races since 1978. We're honored now to be joined by Laura Hillenbrand. She's a horse rider by trade, of course she's author of the perpetual best-selling \"Seabiscuit. \"Laura, thanks so much for being with us.","I'm so happy to be here Scott.","What is there about the Belmont stakes that frustrates so many great four-legged athletes who've already won two big races?","They call it the test of their champion for a reason. It is a tricky race. It's run around the biggest track in the country so strategy is different. You have to move a different place. It's a race that requires a lot of the jockey.","The thing that makes it the hardest in terms of sweeping the whole Triple Crown is the horse that gets there with a chance to win it as California Chrome has. They've already competed in the Derby and the Preakness, which are two incredibly difficult races. And now, in the span of five weeks, they have to try the third one. And it's the hardest one of all, the longest one of all. It's really asking a huge amount of them. And that's why, in my whole racing fan life, I have never seen a horse sweep the Triple Crown. I've seen 12 horses go to the Belmont with a chance to win it, and all of them have failed.","California Chrome is called the people's horse, kind of like Seabiscuit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"It's really asking a huge amount of them\" - This indicates that the race requires a significant physical and mental effort from the horses, rather than simply making a request or demanding something from them.","questions":"What is the reason for the difficulty of the Belmont stakes?","answer":"Effort"}
{"text":["Some of our questions are very basic. Were you a slaveholder?Did your money come from the labor of enslaved people?Many of the questions we're asking at our university are the same as the questions that people are asking at other universities. But I think we have one very special part of our story. That is that Princeton really was a very Southern school.","And it turns out that between 1790 and the outbreak of the Civil War, about 40 percent of our students came from the South. That's extraordinary. And there were some consequences of this very Southern orientation of our student body. There were some horrific acts of violence in our community in the 1830s and '40s as Southern boys raised in slaveholding families came to this town in New Jersey and encountered a free black community for the first time in their lives.","These Southern students were important to our school. Their tuition money was important. Keeping their parents happy was important. So the ethos on our campus was, let's just not talk about this stuff. Let's keep the peace.","Obviously, we are having a debate in this country right now about the legacy of the Civil War. And as a historian, I'd like your thoughts on how you resolve the tension between remembering and honoring."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"remembering and honoring\" - While these two terms are often used synonymously or interchangeably, in this context they represent distinct and potentially conflicting objectives. Remembering implies a willingness to confront the past and acknowledge its complexities and injustices, while honoring suggests a desire to celebrate and venerate a particular heritage or tradition without necessarily engaging with its darker aspects.","questions":"How do the terms \"remembering\" and \"honoring\" represent potentially conflicting objectives in this context? (Answer: Conflicting)","answer":"Conflicting"}
{"text":["Habib Koite is one of Africa's most recognized musicians. His music blends the diverse musical traditions of his homeland, Mali, with rock, blues and jazz. After a six-year absence from the recording studio, Koite and his band Bamada are back with a new CD, \"Afriki. \"","So, on this CD you have a very strong feeling about Africa, that it is not a place of just sorrow and hard times. How do you feel about the continent and the people of Africa?","Africa is a continent wanting to change something. You know, everybody have to think what to do to give best future for the Africa, give hope to the young in Africa. And African young can have hope in Africa and make something in Africa and believe in Africa.","You've seen so much of the world. But why don't you take us to your childhood in Mali. And it's a country I've always wanted to visit. I've never been there, but I love the musical traditions and the long history of it being a nation with a lot of learning. What was it like for you growing up, and when did you start playing music?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), Habib Koite talks about Africa as a continent that wants to change something and how everyone needs to think about giving the best future and hope to the young in Africa. The literal meaning of the turn is clear, but the implied meaning is that Habib Koite is advocating for a better future for Africa and its people, which is not explicitly stated in the turn.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of Habib Koite's statements about Africa in turn 2?","answer":"Better"}
{"text":["So, for those people that are stuck on that buy-and-hold, we'd suggest to them, look at more market history. If you have a listener who has lost 30 percent in the market in this down cycle, they need the market to compound at seven percent per year for the next six years to get back to even. If they've lost 40 percent, they need eight years at seven percent. You know, frankly, I know elderly people who have been left in this market by people who believed in that buy-and-hold theory, you know, that are now in their 70s, 80s and even 90s. They don't have 11 years left. They will never see their money back.","So, what would you advise for the rest of us?","Well, I would advise a couple of things. One is stop listening to Wall Street platitudes. Wall Street, frankly, doesn't know anything. If they did, they would not have left their clients in for one of the greatest bear markets of all time. Number two, use some of your own judgment and common sense. People with long-term horizons might want to step a toe in the markets, but you have to do it with an open mind that you may lose more money. And if you are not prepared to lose more money, don't go in to the markets. There will be a day when earnings stop going down.","So, we've all heard, don't open, don't even look, at your 401(k) statement; just put it away. You say, no, look at it and rebalance?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Step a toe means to test the waters and try something new","questions":"Which body part does \"step a toe\" refer to?","answer":"Toe"}
{"text":["Hi, Lulu.","All right. Do Democrats have a strategy here?","They thought they had one. Remember; the mantra before the election was that Trump's world would change because the House of Representatives would have subpoena power. But now we're finding out, what if they issued a subpoena and no one came?I don't think that the House anticipated that he would really stiff them across the board. And in some ways, the very idea of Congress holding oversight over the executive branch is being challenged.","So this is a combination of Bill Barr, the attorney general's, long-standing belief in a very strong executive. He really doesn't think Congress should be investigating the president. And that fits nicely with Trump's, really, lifelong instinct, which is if you're not fighting, you're losing. He also doesn't want the exposure and the optics of having Mueller testify before the cameras. And, of course, he has a career-long history of litigiousness - take his enemies to court, cost them some money and, above all, run out the clock.","All right, so what can the Democrats do then?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Run out the clock\" is not literal. There is no actual clock here, as in sports. Instead, it refers to delaying tactics where the \"clock\" would be the remainder of his time in office.","questions":"Which term describes delaying tactics used by Trump to outlast his opponents?","answer":"Run"}
{"text":["He hasn't always fallen right in line with Trump by any means. He hasn't always fallen right in line with Trump by any means. He's been critical of Putin over some gas projects that he's been involved in. He's been critical of Putin over some gas projects that he's been involved in. But generally, he has held the Trump line. But generally, he has held the Trump line. So I think this is going to be interesting to go in. So I think this is going to be interesting to go in. He did have that one key moment in the text chain where he came in and clearly stated this was not quid pro quo but then suggested they get offline. He did have that one key moment in the text chain where he came in and clearly stated this was not quid pro quo but then suggested they get offline. So. . . So. . .","Right. Right.","So we'll see what happens once he jumps in there. So we'll see what happens once he jumps in there.","Are people following this in Portland?Are people following this in Portland?I mean, how are they reacting?I mean, how are they reacting?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Right. Right.\" implies to understand what was said.","questions":"Which word did PersonB say twice in response to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Right"}
{"text":["Phil Simms was quarterback for the New York Giants.","(Laughter) Yeah.","This is NPR, Dan. We have to fill in the blanks sometimes.","(Laughter) I understand. Well, Bill Parcell is one of the legendary coaches in NFL history. I called Bill and, you know, 'cause saw in the press guides that Ernie was his pro player personnel director for a couple of years in the 1980s. And Bill could not remember anything about him. He says, I don't know the guy. I said, Bill, it says on the press guide that he was your director of pro personnel for two seasons when you were head coach. And he says, well, I don't remember the guy. So they're all either being very careful about it or Ernie just does not leave a personal mark with them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is not providing information about how to complete a blank, but rather communicating to his interlocutor that they need to be careful about what they say since they are on NPR.","questions":"How does the speaker perceive the importance of being on NPR?","answer":"important"}
{"text":["(Laughter) You know, initially, these started as two separate essays - an essay about pregnancy and an essay about my eating disorder that I had been trying to write for 15 years. And, you know, on one level, there was, you know, a very physical experience of stepping on the scale at my doctor's office and thinking, oh, this is the first time I've wanted the scale to read higher, and remembering back to this secret scale in my closet in college and how I would go in obsessively and religiously and just want the number to be lower and lower and thinking, what's the difference between that self then and this self now?","But it was also important to say, I think we can get really attached to these conversion narratives of self to say, I was this way back then, and I've gone 180 degrees, and I'm a totally different self now; I've left that old self behind. But I don't think that's how it works. I don't think we leave our old selves behind. I think we have to reckon with them. And this essay is also me reckoning with the ways that I've changed and with the ways that the ghosts of the old selves and the old fixations are still there, too.","Leslie Jamison, thank you so much for your time.","Thank you so much for your questions and for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They would go in every day without fail to weigh themself.","questions":"Which obsession did Leslie Jamison have in college?","answer":"weight"}
{"text":["Well, because there are a number of reasons that a security clearance can be denied. Among them would be foreign contacts, foreign business interests, criminal activity, financial instability, drug and alcohol use. And some of these are very serious. If employees who had the history of these issues - and they weren't properly mitigated, they could be a risk to national security if they received security clearances.","You're saying hypothetically those could be reasons security clearances would be denied. Were they in these cases reasons that they were denied?","Some of them were applicable in different cases, yes.","Is overriding 25 security clearance denials a large number?I have no idea what's normal in this situation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The reasons for security clearance denial listed by A are hypothetical but serious.","questions":"What kind of reasons for security clearance denial did PersonA list?","answer":"Foreign"}
{"text":["How much did you pay for that last box of Girl Scout cookies you bought?Five bucks, six maybe, maybe more?How about $15 billion?That's the price of a single box if - if it were turned into graphine. Researchers at Rice University in Houston have discovered a way to turn anything with carbon into graphine, the super-strong wonder material that can be worth over two million times the price of gold. You heard that right, two million times.","Forget alchemy, that's for chumps. This is graphene, worth a lot more in its weight of gold. Marc Abrahams, editor and founder of the Annals of Improbable Research is here to tell us why graphene is so pricey and what this invention could mean for nanotechnology. Welcome back to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thanks, Ira, nice to be back.","So what is this thing about turning Girl Scout cookies into graphene?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Girl Scout cookies can be turned into graphene, a valuable material.","questions":"How much can graphene be worth compared to gold?","answer":"Two-million"}
{"text":["And now to Haiti, where things are settling down after three days of rioting in the capital, Port-au-Prince. A huge rise in food prices drove thousands of protesters and looters to riot earlier this week. U. N.  troops moved in to protect parts of the capital. Meanwhile, President Rene Preval has begged for calm. Haiti is considered to be the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, and the unrest over a crippled economy may not be easy to squelch. Mara Schiavocampo is in Port-au-Prince right now. She is a digital correspondent for NBC Nightly News with Brian Williams. Mara, welcome to the show.","Thank you for having me, Tony.","You've been in the streets reporting on the story. What have you seen in terms of tension and unrest there?","Today, things are good. Public transportation is running. People are out doing their business, shopping. We went out, no roadblocks, no trouble at all. I can't say the same for the last few days. Yesterday was manageable. There were a few roadblocks, car fires, things like that, but it felt like the fire was dying down, so to speak. The last few days before that, things were very tense. Just coming in from the airport, we hit about a dozen roadblocks, burning tires, dumpsters, trash, with mobs of people that would come around the car."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The situation in Port-au-Prince has improved, but it was very tense and dangerous before.","questions":"Which city?","answer":"Port-au-Prince"}
{"text":["Give us a call, our number 1-800-989-8255. You can also tweet us @scifri. Gerald Crabtree is the David Korn Professor of Pathology and Developmental Biology at Stanford School of Medicine. He's also an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Good morning, Ira.","Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?","Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Genetically-based intelligence decline is so slow that it cannot be detected within existing generations","questions":"How fast is the genetically-based intelligence decline detectable within existing generations?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["About 50% of my business was China 'cause I focused on that sector of the business.","And now what proportion of your business - what proportion of your lobsters go to China?","Zero. I can't sell a lobster to China. I can't compete with Canadians.","So you have lost half of your business."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Despite having a large market potential, the Chinese market is difficult to penetrate due to competition from Canadian suppliers.","questions":"What market is difficult to penetrate due to competition from Canadian suppliers?","answer":"Chinese"}
{"text":["This is an email. We've asked other songwriters to email us and say how much of themselves and their lives do they put in into their lyrics. This is from Luli(ph). I hope I'm pronouncing that correctly. I have always put my own experiences in my music combined with experiences and emotions I interpret from those around me. One challenge has always been with significant others looking too deeply into my music if, for example, the song is sad or about love. A risk that somebody is going to misinterpret something.","Well, as Eudora Welty so beautifully put it, all serious steering comes from within. So, you know, I think that you can't have your art and not take risks.","And this one is from Mary: My husband passed two years ago at the age of 50. I lost all desire to play, as well as creativity. Only recently have I rediscovered how to put my emotion into my music. My life is definitely reflected in my music. Thank you to all singer-songwriters for giving us a channel through your lives.","How long after these events - obviously, your father passed last year, so not that long before you went into production for this album.","No. I have been writing these songs that became this record for the last few years. And then after dad died, I had a few more songs to write, as you can imagine. And then I went into a studio this past January and recorded the album."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The songwriter wrote songs about their father's death","questions":"What event inspired the songwriter to write a few more songs for the album?","answer":"Death"}
{"text":["Well, I would imagine that if you can survive all that stuff, right, and you can be zapped with radiation, frozen to almost to almost absolute zero, you can dry up or you go into some sort of. . .","It's called the tun phase. They sort of shrivel up, became desiccated, and then they can just survive all of these things, and then be brought back to life.","And they just wait for the right moment to. . .","You just - a drop of water, I think, will do it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is not actually zapped. It has been exposed to radiation.","questions":"Which process causes the creature to become desiccated?","answer":"shrivel"}
{"text":["So every time that you have, you know, even life in a - in the House of Representatives means you need to be there. You need to deal and wheel and pork(ph) and everything. Grillo's going to be at home. So what is going to happen?His 150 MPs will go on the phone and say, Beppe, what are we going to do with this?It's ridiculous. So that's one point.","And the second point is Beppe Grillo's people and Beppe Grillo's deputies are actually younger, much younger, and I suspect much wiser and quieter than he is.","So expect some of them to say, look, we promised Italians to change this country, we're going to do that. And so they already proved that in Bologna, where I am, actually. It's - they've been successfully here in Emilia-Romagna. They were successfully in Parma and in Sicily. They cut deals all the time, American style, really cutting deals on the legislative floor without the parties, and they were very successful.","Well, you've said what you thought should happen. What's your best guess as to what you think will happen?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They mention that the House of Representatives done everything in their power to make sure they needs are met. ","questions":"How does PersonA describe Beppe Grillo's deputies?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Well, he sounds like a very ambitious entrepreneur.","I think they are, you know. I think the appeal of it, obviously, for entrepreneurs - this drop shipping model - is that it takes almost nothing upfront. You don't need money to buy the stuff. The tools online are very inexpensive, and it's this possibility that these entrepreneurs can get something for nothing - right?- that they can generate money basically out of thin air.","And not to make any comparisons, but I seem to recall that there was a time when J. Crew was a catalog retailer - didn't have any real stores. And now, of course, they've got plenty of them in addition to a very ambitious online retail site.","Absolutely. The way that I've thought about these Shopify stores is they're undoubtedly strange because they're new, but their model is fundamentally not that different from, like, a big corporate enterprise. It's just that the tools have democratized the ability for people to tap into the globalized economy. And so before, it took the idea of having a supply chain and having all these people who would know factory owners in China and all these other kinds of things - that took a lot of infrastructure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"it takes almost nothing upfront\" and \"they can generate money basically out of thin air\" - Literal meaning: The speaker is referring to the low cost and ease of starting a dropshipping business online. Actual meaning: These phrases are used figuratively to emphasize how easy it is to start a business without significant upfront costs or physical inventory.","questions":"Which phrases were used figuratively to emphasize the ease of starting a business?","answer":"Almost-nothing,Thin-air"}
{"text":["And this week on Africa update, we have more on the political crisis in Kenya. President Bush has pledged aid to Africa, but is it enough?And France extends an olive branch to Rwanda.","For more on all of this, we've got Bill Fletcher. He is a senior scholar with the Institute for Policy Studies and former president of TransAfrica Forum. Hi, Bill.","Hey.","So we just heard Ofeibea Quist-Arcton's report, very vivid report on the violence in Kenya's Rift Valley area. Can you tell us a bit more about that area?Give us some background on the ethnic groups that live there."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Although the question is asking for background information on the ethnic groups that live in Kenya's Rift Valley area, the implied meaning behind this turn is that Bill Fletcher is being asked to provide context and further information on the political crisis and violence in Kenya,","questions":"What is the topic of Ofeibea Quist-Arcton's report?","answer":"Kenya's"}
{"text":["You don't have to do that. You are not alone in this process.","(Laughter).","Really, when you're ordering a bottle of wine, you only need to give two pieces of information - one, your budget. And do not be ashamed. Do not be embarrassed. We all have a budget. Secondly, your taste. Now, that could be as specific as saying, I had an incredible Adelsheim Oregon pinot noir the other night - what do you have like that?Or it could be as broad as saying, I like things that smell like peach.","And from there, if you have a good sommelier, they're going to be able to guide you to the hidden gems on that menu. And I have to say, it's a pleasure to be able to have a conversation with someone about what they like and to take them on a journey through this glass of wine because a good glass of wine is that. I didn't believe it in the beginning, but I came around to really experience it as a way to travel through time and place without ever leaving your seat."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the statement by A about a good glass of wine being a way to travel through time and place without leaving your seat is a metaphorical expression. It suggests that drinking a good glass of wine can provide a sensory experience that evokes different sensations and transports you to different contexts, even though you are physically still in your seat.","questions":"What does the metaphorical expression about a good glass of wine being a way to travel suggest?","answer":"Sensory"}
{"text":["The New York Mets lost 7 to 1 to the Milwaukee Brewers on Wednesday, but the real loser was their mascot, Mr.  Met. Mr.  Met has a huge white baseball of a head dappled with red stitching and embellished with a perpetual grin.","But as he left the playing field Wednesday night, Mr.  Met flipped a middle finger to a group of fans who posted it on Twitter - busted, Mr.  Met. The club apologized, and the team employee in the Mr.  Met costume that night has reportedly not returned. There were reports that fans heckled him, which fans deny.","The Mr.  Mets middle finger controversy poses a physical and philosophical question. Mr.  Met has four fingers on each hand. How can you say that any of them is a middle finger?Anyway, flipping the bird in New York, isn't that just how they say good morning in Queens?","(Singing) Well, everybody's heard about the bird - bird, bird, bird, the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, don't you know about the bird?Well, everybody knows that the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, the bird's the word. . ."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) The real meaning of the statement is that despite the fans denying that they heckled Mr. Met, the mascot was still held accountable for his actions and the team employee in the costume has not returned.","questions":"Which team apologized for Mr. Met's middle finger controversy?","answer":"Club"}
{"text":["And you do say us. You believe that you've been complicit in some small ways, too.","Of course. I believe that everybody has. I tell a story in the piece about a former colleague of mine who did not harass me but who I saw harass other people. And at a later job, that colleague, I was told, was going to be brought on. And I made this stand. No, I will not work with him. But I was on a leave at the time. And I was told - OK, it'll just be temporary. By the time you get back from your leave, he'll be gone. And he was.","However, when I got back from that leave, there were younger employees who came to me afterwards and told me that he had messaged them inappropriately. So you know, here I was thinking, actually, that I was, you know, doing the right thing by raising my voice in concern. But in fact, in doing it only, in some ways, on my own behalf, I failed to protect the others - younger women - from that kind of behavior.","Some of the allegations against prominent men - and be they Harvey Weinstein or Roy Moore or James Toback or President Trump or Al Franken - are 10, 20, even 30 years old. Should some of the women who defended President Bill Clinton from allegations of sexual misconduct in the '80s and '90s reassess the support they gave him now?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The literal meaning of this turn is that A made a stand against the colleague, but the actual meaning is that A had the power to stand up for others but didn't.","questions":"How did PersonA fail to protect others?","answer":"Power"}
{"text":["Indeed. And on that note, let's get to some of what are listeners had to say, shall we?So Kyle Smith(ph) writes, \"As a person of color and a news junkie, I've really come to depend on this show to offer more of a rounded view on current events. The show is truly a lifeline for me during a day that is color-deprived. \"And Sharon Oshalle(ph), just to give some indication of the kind of listeners we have, says, \"I'm a white, 40-year-old woman, and News & Notes is the only window I have into the perspective that it offers. In my white suburban world, all I get of black perspective are MTV and the Philadelphia City News. It's refreshing to tune in to News & Notes and see other sides of the culture. Isn't that what public radio is all about?Giving voice to different types of people so we can all appreciate each other. \"And as you said, you know, some kudos for you, too. Aaron Coleman(ph)= says this, \"I absolutely love me some Farai Chideya. Somebody find her a venue. Journalists of her caliber need voice because ears are starving. \"","That's beautiful.","Yeah. And we also have some response from listeners who want to know what they can do to help. Monica McClendon(ph) asks, \"Can you guys move to a less costly area?The South has all kinds of options. \"So I don't know about starting the day with a biscuit and some sweet tea, but\u2026","Mmm, not a bad option."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : on that note means speaking of which, or they are moving the discussion forward with a topic that was mentioned.","questions":"Which phrase means moving the discussion forward with a topic that was mentioned?","answer":"Moving"}
{"text":["That's right. There are a few things in particular that stood out in the early excerpts. I haven't had the chance to get my hands on the book yet. But a couple of things in particular. One is that Bannon talks about that infamous Trump Tower meeting in June of 2016 that featured Donald Trump Jr. , Jared Kushner, Paul Manafort and the meeting that they had with the Russian lawyer, who was offering dirt on Hillary Clinton. Bannon describes the meeting as treasonous, as unpatriotic. And he says that those three should've called the FBI immediately. A second thing is that he also says that there's no way - there's no way that Trump Jr.  didn't walk the Russians up one floor to the 26th floor of Trump Tower and introduce them to Trump himself.","We should explain that's his - he doesn't know that happened, but he just finds it inconceivable it didn't.","He doesn't offer any proof. He wasn't in the campaign at the time. But this would be important if true because Trump has denied any knowledge of the Russian overtures, any knowledge of Russian outreach. And it would - this would obviously contradict that. The last thing is that Bannon says that the investigation is going to focus on money laundering. There are indications that Mueller's team may indeed be looking at that. So a lot to digest there.","NPR's Ryan Lucas, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"he just finds it inconceivable it didn't.\" - The actual meaning of this turn is figurative, expressing Bannon's belief that it is highly likely that Trump Jr. introduced the Russians to Trump, rather than literally being unable to imagine the possibility of it not happening.","questions":"How does PersonB describe Bannon's belief about Trump Jr. introducing the Russians to Trump?","answer":"Likely"}
{"text":["Some of my friends and family still are able to work. However, my best friend - her DACA expires in mid-summer. So it's very important for me and for us as a community for legislation to pass.","Ciriac, I'm curious - do you regret having come forward and actually voluntarily given your information to the government when they started this program?","No, I think personally because I've been able to move forward with my life from going to college, graduating college, doing internships and now having a full-time job and having a car. I can't really regret having come out of the shadows and saying I want to do things right. This is who I am. I think it's given me a certain level of pride to say I was able to come out of the shadows, do all of these things. And I am, you know, part of your community. I am American. I am and always a Utahn. And so I can't regret coming out of the shadows if I was able to do so much and continue to move forward with my life.","Ciriac Alvarez Valle - she's a DACA recipient in Utah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Coming out of the shadows and revealing her status as a DACA recipient has allowed the speaker to pursue her dreams and be proud of her identity.","questions":"What program did the speaker voluntarily give her information to the government for?","answer":"DACA"}
{"text":["So Gaspasr got a no. Can you talk about why?What was the reasoning?","Sure. So the applicant's explanation for Gaspasr - they explained that, I am a nurse anesthetist, which would make sense. They use gas. But the DMV commented gas passer. She passes gas - in parentheses - farts.","Ah, OK. So someone decided they weren't buying it. Are there things that they police for, like, hate speech or racism?I mean, how does that work?","Totally, yeah. Unfortunately, they do get a lot of submissions that at least could be interpreted as hate speech, as offensive to certain groups. They try to filter out things that could be seen as maybe references to white supremacy. For instance, the number 88 - in any context, even if it's benign, even if it's completely harmless, they always consistently block out the number 88 because it has a certain symbolism for white supremacy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  A: \"She passes gas - in parentheses - farts.\" - The literal meaning is that the applicant is a nurse anesthetist who uses gas to sedate patients. The actual meaning is that the DMV misunderstood the term \"gas passer\" and interpreted it as a reference to flatulence.","questions":"How did the DMV interpret the term \"gas passer\"?","answer":"Farts"}
{"text":["Well, I think what's wrong with it is manifold. Our social safety net is embarrassingly weak; it barely merits the name. We give unemployment benefits that are stingy by rich countries' standards over periods that are short by rich countries' standards. And something a lot of people don't know, only about one-third of the unemployed even qualify because of various eligibility requirements. And on top of that, people lose their health insurance, some of them lose their pensions and so on.","And, we have estimates now that the unemployment rate will go up to at least 8 percent now.","I think that's right. I think at this point, we'll be fortunate or skillful, depending on how you want to think about it, if we can hold the line at 8 percent. I think higher is probably likely.","OK. So let's talk about unemployment benefits, and what do you think President-elect Obama should do about extending those?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The social safety net is inadequate due to strict eligibility requirements and inadequate benefits.","questions":"Which benefit is inadequate according to turn 0?","answer":"Unemployment"}
{"text":["Thank you. I - so each morning in my newsletter, I include the schedules for all of the 2020 presidential candidates. And so I'm kind of, you know, kind of scouring the Web to make sure that I can keep on top of all of them. And on Wednesday night, I stumbled upon a Facebook post from a county party in Iowa announcing that de Blasio would be coming there for the first stop on his presidential announcement tour. And that rings alarm bells since he hadn't announced yet. And so I tweeted out and was able to kind of pre-empt his announcement.","That is a huge scoop. And it's great sleuthing. I mean, it's amazing attention to detail. And you also put out your news on the same day you were taking a four-hour Advanced Placement exam, which is extraordinary. That must have been a lot of work.","It was. It was a big day, for sure.","You have been writing this newsletter since you were 9 years old. I mean, you've clearly been a journalism junkie for a long time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Scouring means to be reading the internet.  Stumbled upon simply means it was an accident to find the information.  Alarm bells did not ring but the person did get alerted to the information.","questions":"Which day did PersonA tweet out and pre-empt de Blasio's presidential announcement?","answer":"Wednesday"}
{"text":["Thank you very much, I'm really happy to be here today.","What do you remember most about Lonesome George?","Wow, I've known George for over 30 years, and some of the interesting things working with him was just, he was a very different personality than many other tortoises, and it was always a challenge to try and figure out what the best thing to do was for George.","And among the things that we tried when I was supervising the tortoise breeding center was bringing some - a couple of females from Wolf Volcano to be in his corral. I also had a young woman from Switzerland volunteering for a couple of months, trying to do sexual stimulation with George.","And there were a lot of things we did with George, always trying to recover the Pinta population of tortoises.","But nothing worked out, huh?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : Turn 6 is a question that seeks clarification on the outcome of the speaker's efforts to recover the Pinta population, which is also a literal meaning.","questions":"How did the PersonA's efforts to recover the Pinta population turn out?","answer":"Challenge"}
{"text":["I like a slice of lime, but you don't need it. And by the way, you better also get that lime before the price goes up.","Jacob Gluck, cheers.","Thank you.","He's co-owner of Goza Tequila based in Atlanta, Ga."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A thinks that the price of lime will increase soon.","questions":"What is PersonA's prediction about the price of lime?","answer":"Prediction"}
{"text":["Kenneth, generally this song is called the Negro national anthem or the black national anthem. Finally, we turn to Anise Benerman(ph) in Durham, North Carolina, who wrote in about the segment called \"Ready to get married but can't find a mate. \"She said it hit close to home.","I'm one of those early 30s never married, no kids, African-American females. I make decent money but I am by no means well off. I've had brothers tell me they can't do anything for me after finding out where I reside and what I drive. Besides economics, appearance and what's pleasing to the eye has a lot to do with marriage statistics in our community. I've been told that I was cute for a dark girl, but they prefer redbones. They like longer hair, thinner thighs and all sorts of superficial nonsense. I think a lot of brothers have taken on the European standards of beauty.","And that's it for letters. Thank you for writing, and please keep yours coming.","To write to us, just log on to npr. org and click on Contact Us. When you get there, you'll see lots of shows to choose from. Make sure you pick News & Notes when you write to us."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Appearance and superficial standards are prioritized over personality and character in African-American community","questions":"How are beauty standards viewed in the African-American community?","answer":"Superficial"}
{"text":["I had always written about my mother. I started writing in college in a creative writing class. And some of the first stories I wrote were talking about different disagreements that we had. But what was important was the kind of larger struggles that were embodied in those arguments. I just published an essay about the conception of this book, and I talk about the issue of hair and how the struggle of hair between black mothers and black daughters is fraught with all of these racial tensions that are basically absorbed from the larger culture.","So I had always written about my mother as a way to write about these larger issues and about immigration and gender and motherhood. And during the time that my mother's health took a turn for the worse, I was a grad student at Columbia in their MFA program. And actually, it was the last day of school. And we had our graduation ceremony. And I found out that my mom was, you know, had a few months to live.","So I pretty immediately - because I was done with school - packed my things up. I quit the job that I had and moved back to Philadelphia and basically spent the last six months with her. It was, you know, it's an around-the-clock job. It's very draining. And at the end of the day, the only thing I had time to write were basically one paragraph or sometimes a sentence - reflections. And I just started collecting them in this folder. And I didn't tend to do anything with them, but they all started to fit together in this large story.","I want to have you read from one of those vignettes, Page 31."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"larger struggles that were embodied in those arguments\" Actual meaning: The arguments between the speaker and their mother were about more significant issues. Non-literal meaning: None.","questions":"What issue did the speaker address in their essay?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["It's nice to be here, Neal. How are you?","I'm good. Thanks. That first phone call - well, just sort of out of curiosity, I assume.","The first call that I made to Alan?Yeah, it was a funny feeling of both, obviously, curiosity and a strange sensation of being crowded in my own skin by another guy who had my same name.","And he turned out to be - well, debonair might be the word."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The first call was an overwhelming experience of connecting with someone who shared the same name as me, feeling both curious and a little intimidated.","questions":"Which feeling did PersonA experience during the first call?","answer":"Curiosity"}
{"text":["Yeah, I've got a book going on, and I'm trying to work on some animation stuff. And, you know, and I don't need a crowd-funding campaign to do most of that stuff. It's just me and a couple cups of coffee at home on the computer. So I'm fairly low-budget with my needs at the moment.","Tell me a little bit about this book before we let you go. It's \"How to Tell if Your Cat is Plotting to Kill You\"?","Yeah. It's basically a collection of funny cat comics ranging from how to tell if your cat thinks it's a mountain lion. There is another one that will show ways to identify if your cat is a raging homosexual. So it's this kind of a mixed bag of weird cat. . .","News you can use, in other words."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The content of the book is humorous and not meant to be taken seriously.","questions":"What is the tone of the book?","answer":"Humorous"}
{"text":["Hey. How you doing, Lulu?","I'm very well. For people who haven't been to Richmond, can you describe Monument Avenue for us?What statues are there?","Monument Avenue is one of the most beautiful stretches of street in the United States of America. I mean, it's tree-lined. It's on the national historic registry. There are statues to Robert E.  Lee. There's a statue to Jeb Stuart, to, you know, Stonewall Jackson. And there's a lonely statue of Arthur Ashe, which I call the only true champion on that stretch of street.","The tennis champion, Arthur Ashe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Monument Avenue is one of the most beautiful stretches of street in the United States of America. I mean, it's tree-lined. It's on the national historic registry. There are statues to Robert E. Lee. There's a statue to Jeb Stuart, to, you know, Stonewall Jackson. And there's a lonely statue of Arthur Ashe, which I call the only true champion on that stretch of street.\" - The actual meaning is the speaker is expressing their opinion about Monument Avenue and the statues on it, highlighting the controversial nature of the Confederate statues and elevating Arthur Ashe as a true hero, rather than just providing factual information.","questions":"Which street has a lonely statue of Arthur Ashe?","answer":"Monument"}
{"text":["I asked Groff, who you will know from her own short story collection \"Florida\" and her novel \"Fates And Furies\" - I asked her how Nancy Hale went from someone with dozens and dozens of stories in The New Yorker to someone we forgot about.","You know, I don't know definitively. It's very hard to tell. I think part of it is that her stories are very quiet and very elegant, and she's possibly not fashionable at the moment - her style of writing. But I find her incredibly fascinating. She creates these lines that are full of a humming electricity. And her structures are so deep and so thoughtful that you don't really understand what you're reading until maybe a couple of days later when you realize exactly the craft that went into creating her short stories.","And they span the gamut. Some of them are highly lyrical. Other ones are satirical and very funny. So we did put together this collection of 25 short stories. They're all interesting in their own way. And you can sort of see the development of a writer over the course of decades.","Right. No, absolutely. You can feel - she's obviously, as you would expect, writing very different things than - in her later years than she was as a very young writer. How did you pick the stories that you landed on out of the many, many ones she wrote?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Nancy Hale became a person that people did not think of any longer.","questions":"What happened to Nancy Hale's recognition?","answer":"Forgotten"}
{"text":["You know, let's come back to the Large Hadron Collider because if you talk about things, if you talk about this theme, there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the other one that you know well is the prediction from string theory and similar theories that there are extra dimensions. And one of the ways to look for things like extra dimensions or shadow universes is to look for the leakage of material from our universe into their universe.","And let me use the LHC. One way to look for evidence of extra dimensions would be to carefully look at collisions that take place at the Large Hadron Collider and look for some of the energy to disappear. And what's interesting about that technique is when I put there's - when I say there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the top of my list would be neutrinos, and we now know neutrinos exist. We can't see them with the eye, but we can build detectors to detect them. And the original evidence for the neutrino was missing energy in beta decays that were observed in the early part of the last century and then poly-hypothesize this particle, the neutrino. And eventually, we built detectors that were sensitive enough. So this technique of looking for energy leaking out of our universe going elsewhere is a very powerful technique for looking for things that we can't see.","Michael Turner, a pleasure as always to come have you come on and explain this stuff to us. Thanks a lot, Michael.","Glad to be on."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the literal and actual meanings are the same. The speakers are simply exchanging pleasantries and expressing gratitude for the conversation","questions":"Which turn expresses the technique of looking for energy leaking out of our universe going elsewhere?","answer":"Turn"}
{"text":["Earmarks and pork-barrel spending are as American as a bridge to nowhere. They're little, and sometimes not so little, holiday packages designed to win the votes of senators and representatives for national legislation with government money that's earmarked to directly benefit their states or districts. Many Democrats have groused about the latest examples that have been added, often in hand-written scrawls, into the new tax bill. Norman Ornstein is a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute and joins us now. Norm, thanks for being with us.","A pleasure, Scott.","What are some of the earmarks you've noticed in this tax bill?","Well, we have, of course, the most famous one, which is now being called with hashtags all over Twitter, the Corker kickback, named for Senator Bob Corker of Tennessee who had famously said quite early on I will not vote for any tax bill that adds a dime to the deficit and then turned around at the last minute and voted for this one with a provision added very, very late in the game to provide additional benefits to a particular set of real estate LLC's, as they're called, a particular kind of corporation. And Corker has significant investments in them, as does Donald J.  Trump and other members of the Trump family - something that would specifically give them millions in additional tax benefits."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Asking what financial benefits are being provided to certain individuals through the tax bill.","questions":"Which Senator's name is associated with the provision that provides additional benefits to a particular set of real estate LLC's?","answer":"Corker"}
{"text":["All right. My apologies there.","Oh, thank you.","Well, technical glitch. Thanks very much for being with us. And you wrote about your experience as a child actor in an article for the website Cracked. And you wrote you're glad you weren't Olsen twins famous, but you are pretty famous.","Well, thank you. I mean, I think that when I was child, acting was mostly just a hobby for me. It was something that my parents encouraged me to think of the way that my brothers thought of their cross-country classes, or my little sister to dance classes and art classes, and it was something like that for me. You know, the other kids were playing Little League or Pee-Wee hockey or whatever, and I was - well, I was an actor.","That's the way that I saw it. So I never really realized how much of an impact that was having on other kids' lives. And still to this day, I'm not sure how much on an impact I really had.","And you wrote in your piece that this was your choice. You didn't have a stage mom and stage dad. This was something you wanted to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He is glad that he is not so famous that he is recognized everywhere he goes all of the time.","questions":"What did the person write about their experience as a child actor?","answer":"Experience"}
{"text":["If you dig into this latest employment report, the unemployment rate for those with a college degree is roughly half of the national average. But a new report by the nonprofit Center for College Affordability and Productivity says that roughly half of those college graduates who have jobs are now working jobs that don't require a college degree. People with Ph. D. s. are driving taxis and waiting on tables. They are earning much less than expected, and certainly bargained for when they began to rack up college debts. Dr.  Richard Vedder co-authored the study. He's also a distinguished professor of economics at Ohio University and joins us from member station WOUB in Athens, Ohio. Dr.  Vedder, thanks so much for being with us.","Glad to be with you, Scott.","Help us understand what this means.","Well, it means there's a lot of people that are going to college, I suspect most of them with expectations that upon graduation they will make a pretty good living and live sort of an upper middle-class American life. But instead, a lot of them are getting jobs upon graduation working as bartenders, taxi drivers - a million of them are retail sales clerks, 115,000 of them are janitors. They're getting jobs that I'm fairly certain are less than what they're expected when they began the college experience."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of sarcasm or irony suggests that they hold a different opinion or belief than what they are expressing explicitly.","questions":"How did the speaker convey their opinion about college graduates' job prospects?","answer":"Sarcasm"}
{"text":["Yes, they are. They're very much weather aware, because the weather here is sometimes pretty tough, like it is in Kansas and Texas and all the other places. But they're weather aware. So, a little bit different. They're used to what we have. They seem to handle it quite well. They, you know, they all pretty well know their safety precautions. They usually react well. So, a little bit different group of people in Oklahoma than you'll find in some other states.","Getting up so many mornings of the year not knowing whether or not a tornado might come churning through your street must make a different kind of person.","It certainly does. And, you know, we do our best to train people to get up in the morning, obviously, and find out if there's a risk. And with the advent of all the wireless devices - the phones and such - it's much easier to do.","But despite all the technical innovations there've been over the years, including a few that you've figured in, like the use of Doppler radar, how predictable is a thing like a tornado?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  B states that \"Getting up so many mornings of the year not knowing whether or not a tornado might come churning through your street must make a different kind of person.\" The implied meaning here is that people who live in areas prone to tornadoes must be resilient and adaptable in order to deal with the constant threat of danger. The literal meaning is simply that living in an area prone to tornadoes must create a different type of person.","questions":"How would you describe the people in Oklahoma based on the dialogue?","answer":"Aware"}
{"text":["If you can find these kinds of primitive organisms, could you find things like evidence of, like, ancient viruses that might have been around?","Well, that's an interesting question, and people have tried to look. The difference between what we've been finding and the virus is that the virus doesn't have a rigid cell wall to protect it. It just invades other things that have cell walls. So it makes it much harder to see and much harder to fossilize. It's often the cell wall or the protective material around it which goes into the fossil record.","But some of my colleagues have thought they have found viral-like structures, sort of polygonal-shaped structures a bit like modern viruses - very, very tiny, but have been unable to convince themselves and other people that no other explanation can be brought forward for these things. So that's still very much an open question.","But it would be nice if we could, but a little bit hard to really confirm it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's hard to find fossil evidence of ancient viruses.","questions":"How does the lack of a rigid cell wall affect the fossilization of viruses?","answer":"Destroys"}
{"text":["What has been done since then?And what still needs to be done to achieve a formal exoneration from the state of Texas for Timothy Cole?","Well there's an enormous amount. The first problem is that the court system in Texas is addicted to convictions and not very up on exonerations. We have created a very political system here in which egos are involved, politics are involved, and it's very, very difficult for judges and prosecutors to ever admit that they've convicted innocent people.","Do you have. . .","Because of that, we are running into a lot of obstacles."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There are many obstacles to achieving a formal exoneration for Timothy Cole due to the addiction of the court system to convictions.","questions":"How is achieving a formal exoneration for Timothy Cole difficult?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["But you're reporting the car companies don't want this to end up in the courts. How come?","So it takes a long time to bring a car to market. It takes five years to introduce a new product for these automakers. So they're planning years in advance. If you know what the regulations are going to be in five years, you can make decisions about what kinds of cars you want to bring to market.","If you don't know because it's up in the air and a judge could issue a ruling at any time that will change the regulation of your entire industry, then there's a lot of uncertainty. So even some carmakers who, again, were kind of skeptical about the original rules are really adamant now that they definitely don't want this feud, this back-and-forth, to continue.","They just want clarity. NPR's Camila Domonoske, thank you so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Car companies want to know the future regulations to plan ahead","questions":"Which industry's uncertainty led to carmakers' adamant stance against the original rules?","answer":"Automakers"}
{"text":["What were some of the challenging parts of school?What did you find the hardest?","Reading, studying my lessons. You know, because I had to read more, you know, and because, you know, as you get older, your short-term memory sort of fails you once in a while. So to make sure that you got the material where you could reproduce it, you had to study a little harder and do a little more research.","So tell me what graduation day was like?","Oh, the best day of my life, I guess. Life doesn't get any better. Life doesn't get any better. With my family there, all my friends cheering me on, I felt like I was 16 years old. What a day. What a day. I was happy. Everybody was pleased. They gave me a good ovation. I really enjoyed it. I really did. I cannot explain to you in words my feelings."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The speaker wants to know about the experience of graduating from school and what it felt like for the person they are talking to.","questions":"What did PersonB want to know about in turn 2?","answer":"Experience"}
{"text":["Absolutely not. In fact, the people of my state should know we are doing everything in our power to defend them. If it comes to a legal fight with the Trump administration, we're prepared to have it. I've had some experience with taking on the Trump administration litigation. We have yet to lose a case yet, and I don't plan on starting with this issue.","Attorney General Bob Ferguson of Washington state, thanks so much.","Oh, thank you, Scott. Have a great day.","And we contacted the Department of Justice for comment on Mr.  Ferguson's remarks about Attorney General Sessions. We have yet to receive a response."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B: And we contacted the Department of Justice for comment on Mr. Ferguson's remarks about Attorney General Sessions.We have yet to receive a response.","questions":"Which federal agency was contacted by PersonB for a comment on Mr. Ferguson's remarks? (Answer: Department of Justice)","answer":"Department"}
{"text":["There's been a lot of outrage. The thing is there's only a finite amount of money. It's not limitless. So that is true for federal aid, state aid and university aid. So money that is going to these families who would not otherwise be eligible for it means that that's money that is not going to a student who really needs it. In Illinois, for example, last year, there were 82,000 students who were eligible for the state grant who did not get it because the state ran out of money.","Have you heard from federal aid officials?Has anyone weighed in on this?","So I think the Department of Education is now aware of it. The state financial aid folks are aware of it. The universities are on alert now. I think they will be looking closely at financial aid applications from students who mark that they are in a legal guardianship. But keep in mind, there are students that really are in that situation. So you don't want there to be so many restrictions that it becomes harder for those students to get the aid.","That's Jodi Cohen, reporter at ProPublica."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to weight in on something means to give an opinion on something","questions":"How would you describe the purpose of Jodi Cohen's report?","answer":"Report"}
{"text":["One of the main things that the sheep people face is the predators. And coyotes, wolves will impact your herd and kill lambs and so forth. It's kind of hard to imagine. But, at one point, I was trapping as many coyotes in a year as when I had sheep running on the land. And this is one of the things that this Barrasso bill seemed to address is the threshold level and not letting that level be like a mirage that you never really get there.","I apologize in advance for my city kid naivete, but isn't there something you can do to prevent the coyotes from getting to your - do I say flock or herd?","It's difficult. You got to remember, you know, it takes 30 acres to run a cow on my place. And you just can't be every place at once. So consequently, the cows have to kind of take care of themselves. And predators are very hard to offset in that instance.","How would increased state involvement, which is called for in the Barrasso bill, improve things as far as you're concerned?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Despite efforts to protect livestock, it's difficult to fully control predators and their impact on the herd.","questions":"How are predators affecting the herd?","answer":"Predators"}
{"text":["So our veggies are sitting there in the supermarket, and they're doing what?","Well, they are still alive. They are still responding to external stimuli. What we've shown is perhaps surprisingly, they can respond to light-dark cycles and really change their metabolite accumulation to different times of day.","They change their metabolism as the sort of a circadian rhythm for my cabbage?","Right, right. So when the crops are growing in the field, they respond to the light-dark cycles, and they - all plants have a circadian rhythm, so they have patterns of behavior that they control or they - that are under the influence of their circadian clock. And when you harvest vegetables and fruits, these vegetables and fruits really stay very much alive even though they've been removed from the whole plant. But then when we store them under constant conditions like in constant light in the grocery store, their circadian rhythms begin to dampen. And so then they lose the ability to show these rhythmic behaviors."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The vegetables have a system that regulates according to how much light they get.","questions":"How do the vegetables regulate their system?","answer":"Light"}
{"text":["It's nice to be here, Neal. How are you?","I'm good. Thanks. That first phone call - well, just sort of out of curiosity, I assume.","The first call that I made to Alan?Yeah, it was a funny feeling of both, obviously, curiosity and a strange sensation of being crowded in my own skin by another guy who had my same name.","And he turned out to be - well, debonair might be the word."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : is that Alan was very sophisticated and charming.","questions":"Which word describes Alan's personality?","answer":"Charming"}
{"text":["Thank you. Thank you for saying snot-like. Not a - I don't believe we've had that phrase on our show before. So what is there. . .","It's a first.","What is there about this delightful mucus of the tongue?","Well, we spent a few years studying the frog tongue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) A: It's a first. - Implied meaning: This phrase is new and has not been used before.","questions":"Which phrase is new and has not been used before?","answer":"snot-like"}
{"text":["Well, look, I like the fact that we've eliminated pre-existing conditions. I think that's really important. But Ronald Reagan expanded Medicaid a number of times and he didn't need Obamacare, OK?And my feeling about Medicaid is we've been able to manage this program. And by bringing Ohio money back to Ohio to treat the mentally ill, the drug addicted and the working poor, it's not - we're not only ahead on an arithmetic basis, but we think it's the right issue in terms of giving people a chance and an ability to be lifted.","Biographical question - did you ever consider becoming a priest?","Well, when I was a kid, really early in my life, you know, all Catholic altar boys I think at one time or another thought about being a priest. But then that just wasn't in the cards for me.","But I gather religion is an important factor in your life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Did you ever consider dedicating your life to a religious ","questions":"What was a factor in PersonA's life that PersonB gathered was important?","answer":"Religion"}
{"text":["Yes. I will be a compulsive gambler until the day that I die.","So, how - what changes have you made in your behavior specifically to avoid going back to where you were?","Well, that's the good thing about the program. We do have a recovery program. We do have people in there that help with financial situation, emotional situations, etc. I needed to have completed the 12 steps of recovery and on a continuous basis at least 2 meetings per week. I need to know what the other people who are coming in or still suffering and that the disease is still out there. And by attending meetings, I will always know and I will never forget that compulsive gambling still exists for the compulsive gambler.","Well, sir, thank you for sharing your story with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The 12-step recovery program helps A cope with financial and emotional situations and reminds him\/her that compulsive gambling is still a threat.","questions":"How does the 12-step recovery program assist A?","answer":"Assistance"}
{"text":["OK. So it's clear that this poll is showing there is broad support out there for at least some changes. So how much guidance should Congress take from a poll like this to do something?","Well, you know, whether Congress will do anything actually is very much up in the air. And there's a real sense of urgency for Congress to act, especially among Democrats and some Republicans, after this summer because we saw so many mass shootings. . .","Right.",". . . I mean - Dayton, El Paso, Odessa, Texas. But here's the thing. This all comes down to President Trump. Congressional Republicans are not going to take a risk passing anything that could be seen by groups like the NRA as anti-gun, unless President Trump comes out and gives them political cover, which he hasn't yet. And Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell is not exactly going to bring anything to the floor unless he knows that President Trump is definitely going to sign this. And it's kind of risky of a move for Republicans if they don't come out for these things because, you know, the NRA was outspent for the first time in 2018 by groups that want to see these restrictions in place."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : congress is uncertain, often because other matters have to be decided","questions":"Which group was outspent for the first time in 2018?","answer":"NRA"}
{"text":["Yeah, which politicians are able to do when required. She was very much a quiet remainer. She made one speech at the beginning and then vanished. It was almost as if she too was calculating and looking at the greater prize at the end.","Let's turn to the Labour Party. Jeremy Corbyn, the leader, has been accused of campaigning to stay in the EU just about as enthusiastically as speaker Paul Ryan in the U. S.  has been campaigning for Donald Trump.","Yeah. I think that's a - it's a perfect analogy. And he was a long-term euro skeptic, but his campaign was so (unintelligible). And he was asked on a tv show how important Britain remain in the European was, and this was at the height of the campaign. And he said, well, seven - seven and a half, and that went down very, very badly. You're not going to win votes like that, and he didn't. And there was a revolt in the Labour heartlands, in the industrial north areas, which have not done particularly well in recent years as manufacturing declines. And as a result, there was a huge uprising in the Westminster party and the houses of Parliament against him.","Yeah, his members of his shadow cabinet have been stepping up to resign."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : idiom meaning that members of Corbyn's shadow cabinet have been leaving their positions, and is not meant to be taken literally.","questions":"What is the idiom used to describe the members of Corbyn's shadow cabinet leaving their positions?","answer":"Idiom"}
{"text":["Well, I don't (laughter) know if it's going to be forever unique in that way. We have this evidence now of President Trump making calls along these lines. And you get a lot of - I got a lot of criticism. Sometimes for being too soft, sometimes for being too harsh. I'm banned from Russia by Vladimir Putin because we successfully prosecuted an international arms dealer named Viktor Bout. I was personally attacked by President Erdogan of Turkey because we prosecuted somebody that, you know, he had connections to in an indirect way.","I'm glad you mentioned Turkey's president. What happened in a different country, in a different system, when there was a prosecution of someone named Reza Zarrab, and it became a matter of political interest?","So Reza Zarrab was a gold trader, Iranian but also from Turkey, who was being prosecuted along with other folks in Turkey for various, you know, elements of misconduct. And those cases were made to go away because he was politically connected to two people who were close to Erdogan.","What did President Erdogan of Turkey do to make that case go away?","Well, he exercised his power in a country that doesn't have the same constitutional protections that America has. He relieved judges of their duty. He removed prosecutors from office. He shut down media outlets. And the case went away. Literally, the case was made to go away. Now, that is not something we've seen in this country and hopefully we'll never see in this country. And it's harder to accomplish in this country."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : President Trump did not make calls along lines but made calls that are similar to what is said.","questions":"How did President Trump's calls differ from what was mentioned by PersonA in turn 0?","answer":"Similar"}
{"text":["European companies and the European Union recognize that the dominance of the dollar in international trading gives the United States very considerable power. And I believe that the Iran episode is going to be a turning point. It will show Russia, China, India, the European Union the value of building up alternative mechanisms for concluding international trade that do not use the dollar in any shape or form.","So I think the United States is set maybe to use their excessive power on this occasion but, over the long term, to lose power. And I think that's right. It should be my country that decides what is lawful trade with any other country not the United States. And the United States' use of its dominance in international trading is totally intolerable when it seeks to place U. S.  law above the law of my country as to what my businessmen can do.","That's Sir Richard Dalton, former British diplomat now president of the British Iranian Chamber of Commerce. Thank you for speaking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The dominance of the dollar gives the US considerable power in international trade.","questions":"Which country believes that the use of US dominance in international trading is totally intolerable?","answer":"my"}
{"text":["We also heard singer-songwriter Ben Harper on that track. He wrote most of the songs on this album. He produced it. How did you two meet?Why do you think you clicked with him?","Well, Ben had written me a song for one of my other albums - \"Livin' On A High Note. \"And that song was \"Love And Trust\"","(Singing) Do what you can. Do what you must. Everybody's trying to find some love and trust. I walk the line. I walk it for us. See me out here trying to find some love and trust.","I fell so in love with that song. And every time we'd sing it, the audience - they would just roar, you know. It turned out so well. So I - we'd been singing it for a couple of years then. I ran into Ben on the road. That's where we would always meet up - somewhere on the road. And I told him. I said, Ben, that song - you have got to write me another song. He said, well, Mavis, why don't I write you 11 songs?I said, why don't you do that?He said, let's make an album. I said, sounds good to me. You know, I said, I don't know if I could handle 11 good songs from Ben Harper. He said, oh, yeah, you can handle it, Mavis."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Mavis loved the song 'Love and Trust' so much that she wanted more songs from Ben Harper, which resulted in the album they made together","questions":"What was the name of the album Mavis and Ben Harper made together?","answer":"Album"}
{"text":["But shouldn't you at least offer the people you're polling the option of checking that box as one of the issues?","In terms of?","Of, you know, as climate change or renewable energy, things like that. The choice is not even offered on the sheet of things that you - that is on your radar screen.","Yeah. Well, this is actually a really important point, is that when you look at - and I'll just come back to media coverage as an example. You know, for most people, this is an issue that's invisible. I mean, you can look out your window right this moment, and there's CO2 pouring out of tailpipes, out of smokestacks, out of buildings, but you can't see it, and likewise you can't see the impacts unless you know where to look. In fact, the only way most Americans even know about this issue is because of what they've learned about it in the media. They're not reading the peer-reviewed literature. They don't know scientists personally. They're learning about it through the media. And when the media doesn't report this issue, it's literally out of sight and out of mind."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"checking that box\" - This is a figurative expression meaning to select or choose an option, rather than actually checking a physical box.","questions":"How is \"checking that box\" used in the dialogue?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Voice of America - they wanted to know what was going on; the events on Tiananmen. And there was one chilling story that I remember. Chinese television rebroadcast an interview from American TV. A demonstrator called Chinese leaders killers, and then the scene froze, and a telephone number flashed on the screen with a text urging people to turn this guy in.","Wow.","And within hours, the guy was arrested. And we could see him being taken into a police station.","With such fear in Beijing, how were you able to report the story?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Chinese government actively sought to identify and punish protesters.","questions":"How did the Chinese government respond to criticism from the protester in the interview?","answer":"Arrested"}
{"text":["One sergeant in the Green Berets told you - and this gives you some sense of the intensity of what went on - I've never seen that many rocket-propelled grenades in my career.","That's correct. He's an 11-year veteran of the Green Beret team, so he's pretty much seen it all in Iraq and Afghanistan. And he said it was almost, you know, cinematic. This particular attack seemed so highly orchestrated that they just felt like, you know - that they were throwing everything that they could at them.","Why weren't the Afghan military forces in Ghazni able to repel this Taliban attack?","The local forces had communication problems. They weren't able to really strategize about how to beat back the Taliban forces. They were overwhelmed in a lot of ways, despite the fact that they're flush with U. S. -supplied weaponry, at that. There were reports of Afghan military firing on their own forces, as well as American convoys. And there were reports that they had delivered the wrong supplies to police departments that were in desperate need of more ammunition. So really, what it came down to was that they needed the U. S.  Special Forces and Afghan commandos, which is special forces of sorts for the Afghans, to be able to have strategy, to be able to communicate with one another and to be able to act in concert rather than these sort of disparate skirmishes.","That adds up to a pretty damning appraisal of the Afghan military's readiness."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The attack looked so perfect, like something straight out of the movies.","questions":"How would you describe the intensity of the attack?","answer":"Cinematic"}
{"text":["He already faces charges in Indiana from the secretary of state's office. He likely will face charges in Florida. The Coast Guard Investigative Services now are working with the Pensacola U. S.  attorney's office. They are tallying up the cost of the search for him. That will include manpower hours; that will include two helicopters, a boat and a cutter that they had put into the water. So, he will face a felony charge there, which has not been filed yet, of making a false distress call, and likely will be asked to repay the cost of the search for him.","Carol, has anything been heard from his wife or those who had invested money with him?","We have spoken with one person who had hired him as his financial adviser. It was a former Delta pilot. Apparently, a group of Delta pilots had brought him on board to manage their money. He had lost several thousand - well, thousands of dollars, but I think that is small compared to some of the larger investors.","Carol Robinson of the Birmingham News in Alabama, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person being talked about made a fake emergency call","questions":"What charge will the person face in Florida?","answer":"Distress"}
{"text":["It's beautiful. It's nothing to be ashamed of.","There's one plant that needs water, I'm sorry.","That little machine, it actually - you can watch it work and twirl and do its little mechanical things and prints out little solar panels.","Yeah. So basically, you feed it this little silicon cells. It chops them up into little pieces. And then, I didn't know this, but you just take them and wire them in series. I mean, in fact, if you had them, you could manually make one yourself. The process isn't all that complicated. So we see how you would actually do this. You know, they couldn't bring all of the prototypes because some of them couldn't fit in a suitcase. Literally, they packed them in a suitcase. . .","And on the subway.",". . . and took them on the subway to my yard. But it's definitely worth a look. I think the other thing that was interesting to me is that it was funded - it's bankrolled by strangers. This was a Kickstarter project. So they put up a little video on the website Kickstarter and got over 1,000 people to contribute over $70,000 to make this. This is real bootstrap inventing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The machine is fascinating to watch and can create small solar panels","questions":"How does the machine work?","answer":"Twirl"}
{"text":["Fall color is peaking in New York's Adirondack Mountains. There's already been a first dusting of snow on the summits. North Country Public Radio's Brian Mann set out in his canoe to take in autumn's big show near Lake Placid, and he sent us back this audio postcard.","I'm paddling up the Chubb River, wildness all around me, tamaracks here by the shore and willows. This could easily be northern Canada. It's really crisp out here. You can really taste fall now in the air. And there is this kind of stained-glass look to the hillsides, like splashes of crimson red. I mean, just truly tropical red.","There's brilliant sun, and the maple and birch are lit up. As the river winds into the mountain valley, it narrows and narrows again, so I'm squeezing through a vein of water to get to the hiking trail, willow branches squeaking against the canoe. I pass a beaver lodge and turn. And suddenly, I'm right on top of a pair of indignant mallards that go whirring into the sky.","All right, guys, don't mean to scare you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The maple and birch have yellow leaves due to the fall season. The river has turns in it as it flows through the mountainside. The person is paddling through a very narrow part of the river. The person passes a home of a beaver and birds fly quickly overhead.","questions":"What colors are the leaves of the maple and birch trees?","answer":"Yellow"}
{"text":["When you lament where the company is, do you feel there are steps that can be taken to bring it back to the loftier values that, you know, you first believed were true?","Yeah, I think there are steps, but I don't think they're kind of what Uber should do. I think they're what regulators and lawmakers and sort of society should do. I mean, sort of a very easy step would be to, you know, re-examine this independent contractor status of their drivers and see if there's some way to have them be employees or gain some equity in the company. That would be one way.","So basically you're saying, as we're about to hoo and ha over the massive figure of possibly a hundred billion dollars in worth - regulators, pay attention and protect the drivers and the little people in the game?","Yeah. And I think actually, you know, Uber going public may prompt that - which we are seeing strikes. We are seeing protests from drivers. And we're in this moment where lawmakers, presidential candidates, regulators are paying more attention to this industry and its effects on the world. So I don't think Uber's IPO is going to be the end of the story for its drivers and for its culture. I think it's, you know, maybe the beginning of a new, more restrictive, you know, oversight over the company."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Regulators should protect the interests of drivers and other small players in the industry","questions":"What does PersonA suggest should be re-examined in regards to Uber's drivers?","answer":"Independent"}
{"text":["How close is it?","It's about three parsecs away, about 12 light-years away, something like that.","So if there is intelligent life on that planet, and I'm just speculating here, it would be possible to communicate with them in real time almost, right, a lifetime, at least one person's lifetime if they could signal back and forth in 12 light-years?","Well, and that's the reason that studying these nearest stars is so interesting. If you have a chance of contacting any intelligent beings on these things, you could have a two-way conversation easily within a lifetime around these nearest stars."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The planet is far away from us, but it's measurable","questions":"What is the distance of the planet from us?","answer":"parsecs"}
{"text":["I mean, it's pretty scary at the time. It was very intimidating. It just seems like it was completely mental, an attack on a small business for a problem that it's not responsible for.","Well, what do you think of the problem?Because we read that protesters were chanting we want genuinely affordable housing and we want community. I realize it might be hard to keep that separate from the people that smeared stuff on your windows, but how do you feel about that?","I mean, I think that there is problems. There's problems of poverty in the area, and there's bad sides to gentrification, but there's also really great sides to gentrification. What we have done is we have moved into this area - the protests and gentrification in this area. If you wanted to protest gentrification in this area, you probably should've started about 15-20 years ago.","Have you ever had any conversations with any of your critics, your attackers, do you think?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"an attack on a small business\" is a metaphorical expression for a physical attack on the business, as opposed to a verbal attack or criticism.","questions":"Which type of attack does the metaphorical expression in turn 0 refer to?","answer":"Aspects"}
{"text":["Her fencing tutor, when she is 13, makes her his mistress. Julie says he gave everything I desired and quite a few things I hadn't known existed. Oh, my word.","(Laughter) He was her father's boss. And he was one of the great nobleman of France at the time, a very, very powerful man. And all of a sudden, she was the very young mistress and was moved into Paris so that he could keep her separate from his wife, but she wanted more. And so very quickly she got bored and she ran off with her fencing master.","Yeah. There's a lot of fencing in this book. As soon as I say that, I realize metaphorical but also actual fencing in this book.","Well, I used to fence as a kid. It's one of the reasons I know about her. I fenced all through school and college, but I have to say that I'd - when I'm writing the fencing scenes, I do jump out of my chair and grab a foil - I've still got my old swords - and I act out the scenes for myself just to make sure that they make sense."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (Laughter) He was her father's boss. And he was one of the great noblemen of France at the time, a very, very powerful man. And all of a sudden, she was the very young mistress and was moved into Paris so that he could keep her separate from his wife, but she wanted more. And so very quickly she got bored and she ran off with her fencing master.  The implied meaning here is that the phrase \"very young mistress\" suggests a romantic and possibly sexual relationship between the man and the young woman. It implies that she became involved with him as a lover or partner, rather than solely as a student of fencing.","questions":"What was the reason behind the young woman running off with her fencing master?","answer":"Boredom"}
{"text":["Even - and especially if it comes afterwards, but it's that - it's - once you charge somebody up with emotion, you're putting them into a state where their critical thinking or what, you know, what Kahneman would call system-two thinking, that reflective thinking becomes harder. And you have to keep in mind, this also - I'm making this sound like this sinister thing, you know, that, oh, we're trying to get away with - well, maybe when the car salesman is telling you a joke just at the point where you were about to, you know, open the hood and look at the engine, and you go, oh, this is a nice guy. I'll buy this car from him. Maybe there, it's sinister, you know?In magic, you come in expecting and hoping that the person is going to amaze you and\/or make you laugh.","And if he doesn't, you're disappointed. I want to thank you so much for joining us, Teller. Teller's piece called \"Teller Reveals His Secrets\" ran in the March issue of Smithsonian magazine. There's a link to it at npr. org, click on TALK OF THE NATION. He joined us from NPR member station KNPR in Las Vegas, Nevada. Thank you very much for joining us, Teller.","Hey, thanks.","Tomorrow, we will talk about the science of pet therapy and how the happiness can go both ways. This is TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. I'm John Donvan in Washington."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B: \"How the happiness can go both ways.\" Implicated meaning: The positive effects of pet therapy can be experienced by both the animals providing the therapy and the humans receiving it.","questions":"Which effects?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["And just quickly, we could have started our conversation with North Korea or Russia. The world is out there, isn't it?","It is, indeed, and it's not giving the U. S.  a break to get its act together. North Korea seems headed for a crisis. The Russia relationship may be as well. The president has said he will sign the bill stiffening sanctions on Russia and making it more difficult even for himself to lift those sanctions. The Russians have already begun retaliating for that, so more to come.","More to come. NPR's Ron Elving. Thank you, sir.","Thank you, Don."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) Implied meaning: The US is in a difficult situation with North Korea and Russia, and the president's actions have made it even more difficult.","questions":"What is the president's stance on the bill stiffening sanctions on Russia?","answer":"Russia"}
{"text":["Times like this, when the economies of states are in default, can states really afford this?","I really don't think they can, and in many, many states, legislatures are starting to agree with that idea and to really rethink their priorities. I mean, every dollar that you spend building and running a prison is a dollar that's not spent on a public university or healthcare or roads and bridges. At this point, Kansas, Texas and at least 11 other states are taking a very serious look at how to try out some new strategies that will curb their prison population, shrink the number of people behind bars so they can save a little money, reduce some recidivism and have money for other budget priorities.","Well, back up and tell us how we got here, because in your article you say in 1970 our prisons held fewer than 200,000 people. What happened?","A number of things happened. But primarily, it's what's called our nation's war on drugs. And I say so-called war on drugs, because, you know, we like to use that metaphor all the time on everything. But essentially a new host of sentencing practices took hold in the early '70s and spread across the country. Mandatory minimum sentences, meaning that the amount of drugs involved in a particular crime would affect the severity of the punishment. So even if you're a low-level drug mule, for example, the amount of drugs you were carrying was going to ensure that you get a very large sentence, perhaps even more than a drug king pin if that person was caught without a lot of drugs."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The cost of running prisons is diverting resources from other important areas such as healthcare and education.","questions":"What are some areas that are being affected due to the cost of running prisons?","answer":"Healthcare,Education"}
{"text":["Hurricane Dorian is pounding the Carolinas. Parts of downtown Charleston are already flooded. It has weakened since it hit the Bahamas as a Category 5 storm. At least 20 people are confirmed dead there, and that number is expected to rise as recovery efforts are just beginning. Parts of the Abaco Islands in the Bahamas are destroyed.","Alex Cepero stayed in the Abacos town of Marsh Harbour, thinking he could ride out the storm with his two dogs, but Hurricane Dorian destroyed his home while he was still inside of it. And I want to warn listeners that this is a wrenching story. Alex, thank you for talking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","You're welcome.","First of all, are you OK?Were you injured or hurt during the storm?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Alex Cepero faced a devastating experience during Hurricane Dorian","questions":"What happened to Alex Cepero during Hurricane Dorian?","answer":"Devastated"}
{"text":["I am doing great, but consumer confidence, not so much. It's at its lowest level since the early 1990s. What exactly does that mean?","The Conference Board surveys consumers about what they think is going to happen, about how confident they are. It's important because consumer confidence determines lots of discretionary spending. In other words, if you can buy a car this year or next year and you think the economy is going to turn down or you're worried about your job, you're going to postpone that car purchase. Well, that's a great decision for the Chideya residence, but it might not be for the economy if it's multiplied by thousands or tens of thousands. So people predicate their spending on what they think is going to happened into the economy. It doesn't affect our spending on things like food or things we can't, we have no discretion over - gasoline, perhaps, if you have to commute with your car, other kinds of things.","But there are some things that you'll make decisions - I'm not going to do this now. Some people are holding back from the housing market, although this is a particularly good time to get in, because interest rates are low and because the market is troubled. But some younger people are holding back because they're not so sure what their jobs are going to be like. So when consumer confidence is down, you can expect that spenders are withholding some of their spending.","There's also signs that the cost of imported goods are rising. Is that because of gasoline prices?Or what's driving that?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker may be hinting at a desire for something or someone, but is hesitant to express it directly, possibly due to fear of rejection or embarrassment.","questions":"Which speaker in the dialogue may have a desire for something or someone?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["From each other?","Yeah, male and female professionals of color?Do they face different challenges?","I think they do face different challenges. And particularly, I look at women and they can tend to be branded things like too emotional, or not competitive, or not dedicated. Because there are some unique skill sets that women bring that I think really ad value. So for example I find that women are more intuitive, which means for me they can be better forecasters of future trends. They're more nurturing, which means they're better attuned to the needs of their people and really better at developing people, and they actually are better communicators to me. I know that's a surprise to a lot of listeners, but I find that they are more responsive to giving and receiving feedback.","Just quickly, what about men?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Women professionals face unique challenges due to gender stereotypes","questions":"Which gender?","answer":"Women"}
{"text":["We're joined now by NPR correspondent Kim Masters. Hi, Kim.","Hi, Alex.","Kim, remind us why the Screen Actors Guild and the studios haven't been able to see eye to eye.","Well, the big fight is how actors will be compensated for work in new media. They want jurisdiction and they want a piece of the pie. And the great backdrop against which this happened is that the entire Hollywood working community felt that they were short-changed when DVDs came into play; they didn't get a big enough piece of that pie. A lot of people have said they don't want to be burned again. The studios take the position that this is still a very new and not particularly lucrative media and that they need time and they're not going to start cutting in the actors on that big of a piece at this point, and they point that every other union that takes residuals has settled for an existing deal that the writers took and that the directors took. The Screen Actors Guild, which has very aggressive leadership, is the last holdout."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement from B implies that Screen Actors Guild and the studios haven't been able meet in-person because they are portrayed as having very aggressive leadership and being the last union to hold out for a better deal. ","questions":"What is the reason behind the Hollywood working community feeling short-changed when DVDs came into play?","answer":"Compensation"}
{"text":["And so it seemed to be really impervious to this kind of judicial reckoning. And the fact that it's happened is, of course, all the more remarkable, because of the obstacles that had to be overcome to reach this day.","It's interesting: The current president of Guatemala served under General Rios Montt all those years ago, and he says he accepts this verdict, and will carry out the measures ordered by the tribunal in terms of apologies, but he also said there was no genocide.","Well, he was a general during the period of Rios Montt's rule, and given his own background, it was expected that he would put up more resistance than he has to this trial. And as you said, he has said he respects the ruling of the court, but he has said it's not a genocide. It is a very powerful verdict. It's - genocide has been described repeatedly as the crime of crimes, and it's very difficult to prove in a court of law. And that's one of the other reasons why this verdict was widely seen as a landmark.","So, you know, his reticence is notable. I hope that he continues to maintain the position that he will respect the rule of law in this case, as the proceedings go forward."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The verdict is a powerful landmark as genocide is difficult to prove in court","questions":"What is considered the \"crime of crimes\"?","answer":"Genocide"}
{"text":["A year or so ago, the world was turned upside down - or part of the world was turned upside down - when we decided that it was it OK to say over ten instead of more than ten. And the internet change has brought a lot of reaction, too. Somebody tweeted, after we announced the change, AP has lowercased internet. Somewhere tonight, galaxies are burning.","(Laughter) And you know what?The AP and NPR will be there to cover them.","Absolutely.","Tom Kent, standards editor of the Associated Press. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The controversy and uproar caused by the change to saying \"over ten\" instead of \"more than ten\" is amusing.","questions":"Which event caused amusement?","answer":"Change"}
{"text":["Exactly, after Dennis. And the greatest compliment a button-maker can get - she used it in her speech to the 1996 convention in Chicago.","You, of course, we'll stipulate, produce buttons for both major parties, yes?","We are an equal opportunity offender. We did I liked Hillary four years ago, but we did a very nice Chelsea button: don't tell mama but I'm voting for Obama.","Oh my God. Now, who pays for a button like that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is a supporter of Obama and is not afraid to express it publicly, even if it goes against the expectations of his mother.","questions":"What does the speaker reveal about their political views?","answer":"Supporter"}
{"text":["Wow. All right. So that's an example of maybe law enforcement intervening just in time so he couldn't get his hands on a gun that would have been used to perhaps kill his colleagues.","That's exactly right.","OK.  How about another case?","Sure. A group of children reported a woman had just threatened to shoot them all and had pointed something that looked like a handgun at them. An officer went to the scene and then interviewed the woman, who said, yes, I did make that threat. Here is the mock handgun. I think it was a paper towel roll wrapped in electrician's tape. Here's what I pointed at them, but, officer, there is a real gun, a revolver, under my living room table. The officer contacted a judge, got an emergency restraining order, took possession of the firearm and took the woman into custody for having made the threats. While in custody, she continued to declare quite explicitly her intent to kill those children."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to get your hands on something is to buy something, or to touch something, in this case the person was getting a gun","questions":"Which action was prevented by law enforcement in turn 0?","answer":"Gun"}
{"text":["This was after years of drift. There is this new energy, this new vigor in this relationship, and there's also enormous excitement, Scott, over the president and the first lady returning to India. The president has this coveted seat at this dazzling display of Indian military hardware during Monday's Republic Day parade, which is actually meant to commemorate the Constitution. And he'll see in a flyover this huge U. S. -made Super Hercules lifter, a testament to the close defense ties between India and the U. S.","And is the president arriving at a time of enthusiasm in India?","Oh, he certainly is. They're here at a very heavy time. The stock market is on this bull run. It's hitting record highs. The IMF predicts that India's growth will actually outpace China's by 2016. So there's this energy here and there's this hope for improving the lives of 1. 2 billion people, but that requires a lot of change. And that's what the president won't necessarily see - the 300 million Indians who don't have electricity, the 600 million who don't have access to clean toilets.","Speaking of energy, should we expect anything concrete out of these meetings?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"concrete out of these meetings\" is a figurative expression that means specific, tangible results or agreements that are expected to emerge from the meetings.","questions":"How would you describe the expected results from the meetings?","answer":"Tangible"}
{"text":["And so if we organize the production and the processing and distribution of organic foods on a large scale, there's efficiencies to be had. This is actually kind of an experiment, a test. You know, how much of the extra costs that you pay when you buy organic food - how much of that is just the fragmented nature of the business?How much of it is the small-scale aspect?And how much of it is inherent in organic production?","Well, there's no question that Walmart is kind of the king of logistics. But if you talk to some of their suppliers, they'll also complain that Walmart is the king of squeezing them and making them produce the product ever more cheaply at their own expense.","Right. So you could say this is a threat to some organic producers who are used to higher margins. On the other hand, I mean, the organic production is expanding, and if Walmart wants large quantities, they may have to outbid other producers. There is a limit right now on the amount of organic food for sale. They say they want to expand that, and there's no reason why they couldn't. There's lots of land out there. Right now, organic is actually a very small part of American food production, people say 5 percent or less. So there's no reason why Walmart couldn't expand organic production if they offered a good price. The question is can they do it cheaply?","Part of this has to do with trust. Are people going to stop going to Whole Foods and go over to Walmart 'cause they can get the eggs $2 cheaper?I'm a little skeptical."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : implies that Walmart may be able to produce organic food more cheaply than other producers and expand the market for organic food.","questions":"Which supermarket may have the potential to expand organic food market and produce it more cheaply?","answer":"Walmart"}
{"text":["Yeah, gosh.","And so I got up and ran. And it wasn't too far. But I just - at that moment, I thought, I don't want to be shot in the back, and I need to find some cover. And there's really no place to hide. But there are these. . .","You found a little, like, alcove that you could duck into.","There was a little alcove, yeah. And I just made myself as small as I could in that little corner."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker tried to protect themselves from danger.","questions":"How did the speaker respond to the potential threat?","answer":"Ran"}
{"text":["Now let's turn to West Africa. For more than a decade, Liberia has been struggling to recover from civil war. It has a female head of state now, and it also has big supporters in the U. S.  One of them is Bob Johnson, who founded and later sold Black Entertainment Television. Now he's building a four-star beachfront resort near Liberia's capital, Monrovia. Bob Johnson recently told me why he decided to invest millions of dollars in Liberia's economy.","It's part of a commitment I made to President Johnson Sirleaf and the people of Liberia, to help Liberia recover from some 13, 14 years of civil war. And it came about as a result of my participation, as well as President Sirleaf's participation in President Clinton's global initiative that he hosts every year in New York. And the charter is, do something, small or large, but do something. And so my something is to help Liberia.","What are we talking about in terms of the kind of money it takes to make this happen?","We are putting in approximately 12 to 13 million dollars in the construction of this hotel and the opening of the hotel, which is scheduled for March of '09. It'll be an 86-room hotel, as I said, situated on the beach, great facility for everybody from government officials and expats who want to go back and visit Liberia, as well as business people who are looking to do business in post-conflict Liberia.","So, do you expect to get a tourist crowd eventually?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Bob Johnson invested in Liberia to help the country recover from civil war.","questions":"What was the reason for Bob Johnson's investment in Liberia?","answer":"Recovery"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . Able to meet as she died the start of her junior year.","And Mark Gorman.","Mark Gorman, another very nice kid, unfortunately dying during the first semester of his senior year in - as he got hit by a car coming home. It was on a Friday night and - I should say a Thursday night. And our football team generally gets together every Thursday night. And Mark was a football player to start his career at Bremen and in band and lots of activities. But he decided managering (ph) the football team - being a manager of the football team would be more beneficial to everybody. And he did the manager job as best as he could and as thorough as he could. And the football team kind of elected him on his leadership ability to come speak to the team. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The speaker is expressing regret about the death of a fellow student.","questions":"Which year did Mark Gorman die?","answer":"Senior"}
{"text":["Voice of America - they wanted to know what was going on; the events on Tiananmen. And there was one chilling story that I remember. Chinese television rebroadcast an interview from American TV. A demonstrator called Chinese leaders killers, and then the scene froze, and a telephone number flashed on the screen with a text urging people to turn this guy in.","Wow.","And within hours, the guy was arrested. And we could see him being taken into a police station.","With such fear in Beijing, how were you able to report the story?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Chinese government actively sought to identify and punish protesters.","questions":"Which government?","answer":"Chinese"}
{"text":["We argued that six months was way, way too short. You're talking about trying to go into archives, documents, find materials. Unfortunately, this was what was included in the legislation. And we've urged the Polish government to open that deadline - indeed, to open the program to people who never filed claims or for whom no claim - buildings for which no claims were filed.","But the Polish government didn't agree.","Unfortunately not. We're hoping that the Polish government will look again at this issue and make this process easier not only in terms of the deadline but also what documentation is required. Make sure that archives are open and material is accessible because if you have a right and legislation but not the means to enforce it - and particularly for many of the Holocaust survivors and their families, virtually all of whom live outside of Poland, it's very difficult. They don't speak the language. They don't live in the country. To address even the administrative issues is extremely difficult.","And what makes this important, so many years after the terrible events we're talking about - after the crimes we're talking about?","We're facing a situation where, in the next few years, we will be living in a world where there won't be Holocaust survivors. It's a population, obviously, that's very elderly, very sick and passing away very rapidly. So we think it's a matter of justice and morality to address and to conclude this issue before that last of that generation disappears."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : And what makes this important, so many years after the terrible events we're talking about - after the crimes we're talking about?  The implied meaning of B's statement is that they are questioning the significance or relevance of the discussed matter after so many years have passed since the terrible events and crimes mentioned. They seek to understand the current importance or urgency of addressing the issue.","questions":"How is PersonB questioning the relevance of the discussed matter?","answer":"Significance"}
{"text":["So when he came home, how was he different in how he treated you, related to you, related to family life?","He's totally different. For one, Michael is very quiet. And since he returned, he's even distant, and it's causing a lot of problems in our marriage. And it's just - this war have caused a lot of stress on the wives and the families, they have to deal with these soldiers when they return.","What do you try to do with or for Michael to help him adjust?","I try everything in the world, and it seem like it don't help. Because he have a wall built up, and for one, we don't have enough help here. We only have one clinic that we can go to for counseling and therapy. And it's like two-hour drive away from where we live, so that's a major problem, too."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"He's even distant\" - The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. It implies that Michael is emotionally distant or uninvolved in their relationship, not physically distant.","questions":"How was Michael different after he returned home?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Thanks so much for having me.","I think a lot of people are wondering how could it be that the families of people who are serving their country in the U. S.  armed forces need food assistance.","So when you come into the military, that compensation system has not kept up with how the force has changed and how military families have changed. You're no longer looking at, say, a 17 or 18 year old kid right out of high school with no family who's receiving that base-level pay, right?You're looking at, say, somebody in their late 20s who might have a couple of kids. Well, that income compared to his family size or her family size puts them at a place where they qualify for this food assistance.","What would the change in, as you see it, SNAP benefits mean for military families that receive that kind of assistance?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  A is explaining that the compensation system in the military has not kept up with the changing demographics of the military families. The literal meaning of the words is that military families with larger family sizes qualify for food assistance because their income is not sufficient. However, the implied meaning is that the military compensation system needs to be adjusted to match the changing demographics of the military families.","questions":"Which aspect of the military compensation system needs to be adjusted according to A?","answer":"Compensation"}
{"text":["Absolutely. Well, all right politics isn't everything. It just seems like it sometimes. So what else is going on?","Magic Johnson found himself in the center of news again, unwillingly. As most people know, he retired from the NBA after contracting the HIV. But two Minneapolis radio hosts had some fun at his expense. So here's a clip of that.","Unidentified Radio Host #1: What about diseases that are eminently treatable and you can live with for a long, long time quite healthily if you just get some drugs.","Unidentified Radio Host #2: Like Magic Johnson. Like Magic with his faked AIDS."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It is suggested that Magic Johnson is faking his illness of AIDS.","questions":"How is Magic Johnson's illness being portrayed by the radio hosts?","answer":"Faked"}
{"text":["But there is this some sense that, you know, the administration - others in the administration would like to fast-track it. There is a mechanism for doing that. I mean, do you have a specific message to Democrats?Because, as you know, with such a large - particularly with such a large presidential field, you've got all kinds of different opinions about international trade in that group. Do you know what I mean?So do you have a specific message to them about how to - you would like to see them proceed?","Yeah, we do. Look. NAFTA isn't broken. It's done exactly what it was meant to. It exploited workers in Mexico. It disrupted lives here. It's taken money out of our pockets, and it's put it in the hands of a few billionaires. So the solution just isn't a new NAFTA. It can't be rebranded or a sliver of change. The only answer is a strong enforceable mechanism for raising wages and protecting the rights of working people. This agreement is not yet there. It's no. And if they insist on trying to jam through this inferior, ineffective trade agreement that is nothing more right now than a-little-bit-better-NAFTA, then we would have to oppose it. And I think that we would have enough votes on both sides of the aisle to prevent it from becoming the law of the land.","That's Richard Trumka, president of the AFL-CIO. Mr.  Trumka, thanks so much for talking to us once again.","Thanks for having me on, I really appreciate it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The current NAFTA agreement exploited workers, disrupted lives, and took money from people.","questions":"How did the current NAFTPersonA agreement affect people?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["What are some of the challenges for businesses in addition to your own, as you see it?","Well, first off, it's one thing to put the law in place. But then how do you actually track hours?And when is a person working?If I send an email to one of my employees in the evening or just give them a call to talk about something, now they have to clock in and clock out.","Or if they go to, you know, a trade show, when are they technically working?- versus, when are they not working?There's lots of challenges faced by practically every business out there to some degree.","Now that a judge has halted these rules, do you change yours?What are you going to do?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"What are you going to do?\" does not literally mean \"What are you going to do?\" but rather \"What are you going to do in response to the judge's decision?\"","questions":"What decision is turn 3 referring to?","answer":"judge"}
{"text":["There's something magical about that part of a meal that really seems to have inspired the book. Like, the beginning, when everyone is, like, just arriving and gathering and, like, what you want to serve in a moment like that.","Yeah. I mean, even just hearing you describe it that way, it's the best moment of a party. So, you know, everyone's hugging and kissing, and there's catching up and clinking of wine glasses. And it's just the best moment. And I think when those first platters of food start to roll out of the kitchen, it's just a celebration.","Do you ever really sit down, or is it constant movement, like, more plates coming out and just kind of wandering around and eating and talking?","What I love about antipasti is that even in a restaurant, oftentimes they'll have sort of a big communal table in the center of the restaurant, and they'll allow you to come up with, you know, your plate and a big spoon and just kind of point to or pick through and serve yourself whatever you want from the antipasti spread. So that's kind of the most interactive moment of the meal, which is maybe also why it's one of my favorites."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"constant movement\" - The speaker is referring to the busy atmosphere of a party, where people are moving around and socializing, but not necessarily in a literal sense of constant movement.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the atmosphere of a party in turn 2?","answer":"festive"}
{"text":["We're small compared to some of the other growers throughout the state here in Illinois. But we normally have everything in the ground. As of Monday, we only had about 25% or so in the ground tops, actually a little bit less than that.","So what are you going to do?As you said, like, normally, you've had your corn in. And then I guess you'd move onto your beans. What are you going to do?","Right now we have a few different options. We do carry crop insurance, as does many of the farmers throughout the state and throughout the Midwest, for that matter. And we do have an option to take what they call prevent plants. That's part of our crop insurance.","What happens if you and all of your neighbors don't get your corn into the field?Like I say, as you've told me now, you've got like only about a fraction in the ground if what you normally would have at this time of year. Are we going to - forgive me for being selfish about it - are we not going to have corn this summer to go with our barbecues and everything else or what?What's going to happen?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : having everything in group implies that all the necessities and requirements are made available, not implies everything in the floor ","questions":"How does having everything in the ground differ from having everything in the group according to turn 0? (Answer: availability)","answer":"Availability"}
{"text":["Indeed, in fact, even over the last few hours. What we're hearing - and this really is hot off the presses, I haven't even been able to confirm it - is that the opposition, Morgan Tsvangirai's Movement for Democratic Change, is calling for a strike next week. I'm told that leaflets are being handed around town saying that there should be a strike next week, and this is clearly in protest of the delay in the release of the presidential elections.","The high court, by the way, the judge who is hearing the opposition's petition to have these results released urgently, is meant to be ruling on Monday.","Do you know why we hadn't gotten the results before now?","Ha!Tony, if I knew that, I would be a very wealthy woman. You know, it depends who you talk to. On the government's side, they're saying there has to meticulous, and this is a word we keep hearing, meticulous verification of the results. The government party, President Mugabe's ZANU-PF, has also alleged irregularities and misconduct in how the vote was carried out. And in fact, some election officials have even been arrested apparently for undercounting up to 5,000 votes in Mugabe's favor."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : hot of the presses implies that the news is very new","questions":"Which word describes the currentness of the news?","answer":"New"}
{"text":["It's interesting, these papers that you brought with you, or sent to us, about how - these are the tricks that people use, and they can actually test out whether they work or not.","Yeah. These are things that a lot of good cooks probably know, whether they realized they know them or not. But exactly what these things are are a little fuzzy because everybody's a little different. There are some scientists in England and there are other groups, especially in the Netherlands, that have been running tests for years, and they tend to sound kind of bizarre. They'll prepare some food. They'll give it to different people to eat. And later, the people will realize that something else was changing while they were eating it, something in the atmosphere.","Mm-hmm. And they - in one test, they gave people some ice cream that tasted like bacon?","Yeah. This is - Charles Spence is the main scientist. He's at the University of Oxford. He teamed up with one of the famous chefs in England, and they made something which sounds really crazy, bacon and egg ice cream, which I'm told is really pretty good, tastes like bacon and eggs. And they served bacon and egg ice cream to a bunch of people. And they had them do some sort of rating about how bacony does it taste, or how eggy does it taste?And they would play sounds. And whenever they would play the sound of frying bacon, you know, that crackling sound, people would consistently say that the thing tasted a lot more bacony to them. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The sound of frying bacon makes the ice cream taste more like bacon to people","questions":"What makes the ice cream taste more like bacon?","answer":"Sound"}
{"text":["The advice I'd give to others is, do your homework, and don't be afraid to do it. The one rule I gave myself was, it's OK if you fail. And coming from a type-A legal background, you don't make any mistakes. But in business, you have to be flexible. So, I allowed myself the freedom to make those mistakes and grow from them.","Have there been any moments when being an African-American entrepreneur has either hurt you or at least given some food for thought?","I'll take the food for thought. I'm a member of the International Spa Association. That's a pretty high-end spa group. And that market's OK, but other trade shows I would do, people would walk up and they'd say, oh, is this a black skin-care company?And I'm thinking, well, everybody has skin, irrespective of who you are - because they see me there. Even though the woman on the cover, model is - she's kind of every woman. She's actually Filipino and German, but people can't tell her background. But when they see my face there, they assume it's a company just for African-American skin, which is not the case.","When you think about that aspect of marketing, do you think that black companies that market directly to African-Americans, just very briefly, have an advantage or disadvantage over businesses like yours?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : food for thought implies deep reasoning or a concern. Not really a meal to be eaten ","questions":"Which word describes the implied meaning of the turn \"food for thought\"?","answer":"Concern"}
{"text":["Major party conventions are almost a year away. But let's note this week Senator Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts seems to be picking up steam, doesn't she?","If the focus is on the economy, well, Elizabeth Warren will tell you she's got a plan for that. And, of course, the other candidates will say they do, too. But policy is really Warren's strong suit. It's one reason she's climbing in the polls even as nearly the - all of the other top-tier candidates are sliding a bit.","Finally, Ron, I had occasion to look up and listen to the Greenland national anthem this week. It's very moving, as you may know. And President Trump, who complained about the fact that Puerto Rico is an island, reportedly wants the U. S.  or wanted the U. S.  to buy Greenland. What do you make of this?","Yeah, this is apparently one of the good islands. It's not so crazy an idea. The United States was interested in buying Greenland in the 1860s when we bought Alaska from Russia. And we were interested again after World War II when we were trying to keep Russia at bay. The only problem is Greenland belongs to Denmark. Denmark doesn't want to sell. And a lot of people in Greenland would rather be independent. So don't watch for the just-sold sign anytime soon."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : climbing the poles means here election numbers are getting higher","questions":"How is Elizabeth Warren's policy represented in the polls?","answer":"Higher"}
{"text":["I am honored to be the district attorney of Brooklyn. But with respect to wrongful conviction cases, I have inherited a mess. I am currently investigating over 100 claims of wrongful convictions. Those numbers are staggering. And that's why I created the conviction review unit, and was able to convince a very prominent, well-respected law professor, Ron Sullivan, who's a law professor at Harvard Law School, to come down to Brooklyn and run my unit.","How do you go to the family of a victim of the original crime and tell them that the person or persons they thought killed their loved one didn't?","That was the hardest thing I had to do to. To sit down with the Blenner family and to let them know that the two defendants whom they believed for 29 years were responsible for the abduction, robbery and murder of their son and brother were wrongfully convicted was extremely difficult. And I pledged to them that I would do all I could to pursue the leads that we do have because we have leads to try to hold the people who killed him responsible.","How does a conviction review unit go about the business of looking at so many cases?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A's statement implies the emotional weight of telling the Blenner family about the wrongful conviction, rather than a literal description of the physical act of sitting down with them.","questions":"Which aspect of PersonA's statement carries more weight - emotional or physical?","answer":"Emotional"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon.","Tornadoes hit Oklahoma City last night. Five people are reported to have died, including a mother and her child. Nearly 90 people are being treated for injuries. The twister touched down in Oklahoma City and in nearby Moore and triggered flash floods and power outages. And, of course, we remember that Oklahomans are still recovering from tornadoes that hit a few weeks ago. Kurt Gwartney is the news director at our member station KGOU in Oklahoma City. He joins us now. Kurt, thanks so much for making time for us on a very busy morning.","You're welcome.","What's the latest news you can give us?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The tornadoes did not actually hit but touched down in the areas.","questions":"What did the tornadoes do in the areas they hit?","answer":"Touched"}
{"text":["President Obama faces increasing pressure to intervene in Syria, where the civil war has killed an estimated 70,000 people and displaced more than a million more. Artillery, tanks and anti-aircraft fire - and aircraft fire on civilians, and now there are reports that nerve gas has been used as well. The U. S.  would justify any action as a humanitarian intervention to protect civilians, the same ground cited in Bosnia, Somalia, Iraq and Libya. And as those instances suggest, the president faced tremendous risks and very little prospect of reward. That's the conclusion of Gary Bass, a professor of politics in international affairs at Princeton University. He's the author of \"Freedom's Battle: The Origins of Humanitarian Intervention,\" and he joins now via Skype from his home in New York. Good of you to be with us today.","Thank you.","And it's hard to talk about this topic without bringing up Syria, where the president is being asked to intervene under pressure to do so.","That's right. And increasingly, people are talking about it. Seventy thousand dead, how can this go on day after day?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the same ground cited\" implies the same reasons cited.","questions":"Which ground is being referred to in turn 0?","answer":"Reasons"}
{"text":["And some - I'm trying to blend. I'm trying to be a weevil.","I got you. You know, you talked about singing to your children. Do you suggest singing to pregnant mothers, too?(unintelligible)","Absolutely. Absolutely. They can hear - babies can hear from about six months gestation. This is the way language development begins. This is the way we teach. This is the way we connect, nurture, and love our young. And although we have many devices, many toys that bleep and beep and sing and all of that, it's really important to have that human element. So speaking to, reading to, singing to your very young child is extremely important.","Nnenna Freelon, you are a fantastic talent. We appreciate you coming on News & Notes. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : trying to be weevil implies being a pest or a disturbance ","questions":"How does turn 0 depict the PersonA's intention?","answer":"Pest"}
{"text":["Good to talk to you.","How important an event was this that Mr.  Kim missed?","It was a very important event. It's an event in a mausoleum where his father, previously ruler of North Korea is buried, interred, and so is his grandfather, the founding leader of North Korea. So it was a big deal. Kim Jong Un has not been seen since September 3, when he attended a concert in Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea, with his wife.","Before that, he'd been seen frequently, but always waddling with a really bad limp. He was clearly in discomfort, and finally the North Korean authorities said he is in physical discomfort. So there's something up. We don't quite know what. The speculation is he's had surgery, he's ill, ranging right through to there's been a coup, and he's lost power or certainly being shunted away from power. That's the speculation.","Now, we're talking about somebody who - as my recollection is - he's on television every two minutes. So this must be a tremendous vacuum in the lives of North Koreans."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : implies that North Koreans are used to seeing Kim Jong Un often.","questions":"What is the frequency of Kim Jong Un's appearance on television according to PersonB's recollection?","answer":"Every-Two-Minutes"}
{"text":["And since January, it's been a virtual storm of controversy. Not only these felony counts, but the city council is moving to have him removed. The governor of the state is now considering hearings to have him removed, and there's a petition drive in effect right now where they're collecting thousands of signatures to try and get him recalled.","So with all this negative publicity and apparent negative sentiment against the mayor, why doesn't he step down?","Most people in the know say that the reason that he does not step down is because being the mayor of Detroit helps him in his case, that he can leverage all kinds of things, not only fundraising things to help pay for his legal fees, but also that it helps his case that he is still in an official standing going into this criminal case.","Celeste Headlee, covering the latest in the story of Detroit mayor Kwame Kilpatrick, now in jail. Celeste, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of (2) is to ask why the mayor is not taking responsibility for his actions and resigning, rather than asking why he isn't simply stepping away from the role.","questions":"What is the reason the mayor doesn't step down?","answer":"Case"}
{"text":["Is this situation just overshadowed by other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?","I think so. I think its a challenge that, you know, Uganda is the third largest refugee-hosting country in the world now, but I think most people dont realize that. When we think about refugees, we often think about the Syria crisis, which is the world's largest. We think about people who are crossing the Mediterranean. But we're not thinking about the now almost a million people who've crossed this land border into Uganda but have also fled from South Sudan into Kenya and Ethiopia and even into Sudan.","We're also in a situation where the administration has sent very limited aid budgets to Congress. And fortunately because the commitment that Congress continues to show, they've actually rejected those steep cuts to humanitarian aid and provided strong funding - robust funding for humanitarian assistance. But we need to see that funding really get out of the bank accounts in D. C.  and get out to the ground, where it's needed.","Has Uganda been been so welcoming?The international community has thought there's relatively little reason to get involved."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Is this situation just overshadowed by other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?  Implicated meaning: Is this situation being overlooked or given less attention compared to other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?","questions":"How is Uganda ranked among the largest refugee-hosting countries in the world?","answer":"Third"}
{"text":["Thank you.","Are there drawbacks to this kind of partnership?","Are there drawbacks to partnering with Bashar al-Assad?None that I can think of, Scott.","None that I can - of course, there are practical drawbacks. Which is to say when you partner or with a lying terrorist, it's not a stable relationship. They're not really good at stable relationships except with other lying terrorists. And there are profound moral consequences to this. And you know, you don't envy Barack Obama in this situation because he doesn't want to be a partner - in a perverse way, partner - with this terrible man and this terrible regime. On the other hand, if you can remove the chemical weapons from Syria, and that's an enormous if, who wouldn't jump at that chance?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A acknowledges there are practical drawbacks to partnering with a lying terrorist like Bashar al-Assad, but also highlights the moral consequences of such a partnership and the difficulty of navigating the situation.","questions":"Which practical aspect of partnering with Bashar al-Assad does PersonA acknowledge in turn 3?","answer":"Chemical"}
{"text":["Well, the call has gone out to our NPR listeners, who are either going to be repulsed or intrigued by what you're talking about here, Terry Lee.","Yeah.","That's toe master Terry Lee speaking with us from the Sourdough Saloon in Dawson City, Yukon. Terry, good luck. Thanks so much.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) B: That's toe master Terry Lee speaking with us from the Sourdough Saloon in Dawson City, Yukon.Terry, good luck.Thanks so much.","questions":"What is the name of the saloon where Terry Lee is speaking from?","answer":"Sourdough"}
{"text":["Well, I think his biggest mistake was that he was a very strict controller of how the theory was handled by his disciples. In other words, he permitted no deviation or modification of his theory or methods, and he didn't encourage any research to empirically validate his theory. So basically, people that followed him and embraced his theory had to take it on faith.","A somewhat lesser-known figure I found fascinating to read about, Dr.  Benjamin Rush, the only doctor to sign the Declaration of Independence. I guess he's known as the father of American psychiatry. But I've got to tell you after reading about him, I wonder why a pretty good medical school is named after him.","Again, we have to understand that to view things through the lens of the 21st century, it puts things in a really - a different light. Benjamin Rush was a physician, and what he did was to really take seriously the plight of people who were mentally ill. He wasn't a psychiatrist. He was a physician. The problem is is that the knowledge was so limited at the time, they really weren't able to gain any traction in understanding the underlying basis of severe mental illnesses. And so they came up with these ideas and these treatments that now seem to be either cockamamie or cruel.","Yeah. Psychiatry over the years has been back and forth on if mental disorder - for example, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia - is inherited."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"father of American psychiatry\" - This is a figurative expression that refers to Dr. Benjamin Rush's significant contributions to the field of psychiatry. It does not mean that he was literally the biological father of psychiatry in America.","questions":"How is Dr. Benjamin Rush referred to in the field of American psychiatry?","answer":"father"}
{"text":[". . . it climbs up the string you put out for it.","Yeah, yeah, yeah. So they - just for a little anatomy, a little review of that. The cucumber has the plant part, but then it also has these climbing appendages. And when it's growing, it sorts of swings them around, grabs on to a support. And when it does that, something changes in that tendril, and it starts to curl. And that is exactly what physicist Sharon Gerbode in Harvey Mudd College and biologist Joshua Puzey at Harvard and some colleagues looked at and published this week in the journal, Science.","Why does that cucumber tendril curl?And, you know, you might be thinking, well, whatever. But Charles Darwin was interested in this question, you know.","Yeah, yeah. It's an old question. You know, if you grow stuff, you know that the stuff, you know, goes out and curls around things."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The topic of discussion is about how a cucumber tends to curl and not about anatomy review.","questions":"What is the focus of the discussion regarding the cucumber tendril?","answer":"Curl"}
{"text":["They have been sheltered. And now, several of - because Salvini said, I won't accept them unless other countries take them. And several other European countries have agreed to divide them up.","And meanwhile, in general, migrants are continuing to come to Europe in big numbers.","Not really. There's been a huge drop in the first six months of this year - 2,100, compared to about 14,300 the year before. That's an 85% drop.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Salvini is using a bargaining tactic to share the burden of hosting the migrants with other European countries","questions":"How is Salvini distributing the burden of hosting migrants among European countries?","answer":"Divide"}
{"text":["Oh, no. As a matter of fact, I was delighted that I had had the opportunity to contribute to it. I had the option to volunteer for the program. I opted not to because I was very much involved in research that needed to be done. So I was - I turned down the opportunity because I felt that what we were doing was valuable for the future of our space program. As a matter of fact, the small 5-foot diameter parachute that we used to stabilize my freefall is still being used today in every ejection seat in the world. So what we did some 50 year - 55 years ago is still being used today.","What do you think about space exploration now?It struck me watching this that it's lost its human component, in a way. We send these unmanned missions into deep space, but we haven't really pushed human boundaries, I think, for quite some time.","I personally think that we should go back to the moon as soon as we can because there's a lot of lessons we need to learn before we can go to Mars, which should be the next great human adventure.","May I ask you a question?As you were standing on the precipice, you said a prayer. What was that prayer?What were you praying for?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) - Implied meaning: What thoughts or feelings were you experiencing in that moment?","questions":"How did the interviewer inquire about the prayer that the person said?","answer":"Prayer"}
{"text":["We know that many refugees went back to the former Yugoslavia. In the 1990s, there was a mass exodus from Yugoslavia. People have gone back there. But the overall evidence is that 80% of the world's refugees leave their country for at least five years, 20% for at least 20 years. And I think we are dealing with both the crises of diplomacy and the crises of humanitarian aid, and both need to be addressed. Our belief is that America has a proud tradition on which to stand in doing both those tasks.","David Miliband is president and CEO of the International Rescue Committee.","Thank you so much for your time.","Thank you so much, Rachel."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 80% of refugees leave their country for at least five years or more.","questions":"What is the minimum duration for which 80% of refugees leave their country?","answer":"five"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me.","What new details did we learn with this filing?","So the new filing focuses on five extramarital affairs that Duncan Hunter had when he was in Congress, the first one starting just four months after he was elected and took office in April 2009. So he took office in January.","The longest feature in the filing is about an individual identified as Individual 14, who was a lobbyist. And they spent campaign money on things like a ski trip together, a thousand-dollar hotel tab. They went to concerts together. And they also went on a double date with another congressperson to Virginia Beach, but that congressperson has not been identified."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Duncan Hunter had extramarital affairs while serving in Congress","questions":"What was the subject of the filing?","answer":"Affairs"}
{"text":["There have come into being a kind of a Shia-belt from Tehran through Baghdad to Beirut. And this gives Iran the opportunity to reconstruct the ancient Persian Empire, this time under a Shia label. From a geo-strategic point of view, I consider Iran a bigger problem than ISIS. ISIS is a group of adventurers with a very aggressive ideology. But they have to conquer more and more territory before they can become a geo-strategic, permanent reality. I think a conflict with ISIS - important as it is - is more manageable than a confrontation with Iran.","What would you do about ISIS?","They have cut the throat of an American on television. This is an insult to the United States, which requires that we demonstrate that this is not an act that is free. I would strongly favor a strong attack on ISIS for a period that is related to the murder of the American. Then, we have to go into the long-range problem. I think when we're dealing with a unit like ISIS, we should not get into a position where they can lead us by establishing ground forces. But we should set strategic objectives where we thwart any goal they set themselves, which we should be able to do by superior air power. And then if we can enlist other countries or other more local groups to do the ground fighting, we might actually destroy them.","Let me ask you about a couple of other areas of the world. You spent a considerable time in this book writing about what you call the Russian enigma. What's your reading of what Vladimir Putin's Russia wants?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implies asking for an opinion on Russia's ambitions.","questions":"What does the book discuss about Russia?","answer":"Attack"}
{"text":["You know, I thought at this point that nothing the president did could surprise me. He surprised me. To say the least, it is a stunning lack of understanding and judgment on his part, frankly.","Can you just walk me through that why?","Well, look at who we're talking to. This is the Taliban. It is not a sovereign government. To extend an invitation to Camp David for a meeting with the president when they have not accepted a ceasefire, a full ceasefire, when they are very much in the business of killing American troopers and Afghan civilians. This is not the first casualty that we've had out there since these talks began. But to invite people like that under these conditions to Camp David to be hosted by the president of the United States - that to me was something unthinkable until, obviously, he thought it.","Do you have any sense of what role this meeting would have played in the discussions that have taken place so far?I mean, a lot of people are focusing on today sort of the optics of it. A lot of the people in the president's own party are having trouble with that - I mean, bringing the Taliban to meet at Camp David with the president of the United States. But substantively, though, what role would a discussion like this have played in trying to finalize these negotiations?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : walk me through means to explain why to the person asking","questions":"How did PersonB ask PersonA to explain the reason behind the president's actions?","answer":"Responded:B"}
{"text":["And it's interesting. As you talk about this, the catcher today has regained some of that reputation from those days.","I think so. I think the catcher's toughness is really recognized. And also, the catcher's unique position, as somebody who's part of the offense and part of the defense, plays a key role in what the pitcher throws and the pitcher's ability to throw, you know, particularly balls in the dirt, which are very hard.","You know, if you don't have a good catcher back there, then the whole team is lost. And so I think the catcher has really started to regain the reputation of being a key contributor to both, and I think that's why so many great managers are former catchers.","We've been talking about Deacon White, the newest member of baseball's Hall of Fame. Baseball historian Peter Morris, thanks very much for your time today."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The catcher is tough and plays a crucial role in the pitcher's success.","questions":"Which position plays a vital role in the pitcher's success?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["Black tea, cotton jumpsuits and snowblowers made in China are all getting more expensive today. Those are some of the thousands of items now being targeted by the Trump administration with a new 15% tariff. It's the latest salvo in the president's trade war with Beijing. China had threatened to retaliate but may hold off as the two countries prepare for what could be another round of trade negotiations.","NPR's Scott Horsley is here to explain this.","Good morning.","Good morning. The tariffs taking effect today cover more than $100 billion worth of Chinese imports, but other products were spared - at least for now. Explain what the administration is up to here."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the latest salvo\" implies the latest executive directive by the Trump administration.","questions":"How would you describe the nature of the latest executive directive by the Trump administration targeting Chinese imports?","answer":"executive"}
{"text":["We understand investigators recovered one block - black box from the crash. And I gather there are two. What can that one box tell you?Do you need the second?","The one black box can tell us some good information. It's a quantum-engineering manufacturer recorder. And what we're doing now is that our recorder specialist is already working with the manufacturer to use their conversion software - it's not unusual to do this - to turn all of those zeros and ones into information we can use, such as the distance traveled, the throttle inputs, the brake system performance, as well as the speed.","So so many eyewitnesses say the train just didn't slow down when it came into the station. Has what you learned supported that view so far?","We don't have the information from the black box yet. And this is just one of the two event data recorders, as well as video footage, that we're collecting. They were forward-facing cameras on both the front and the back end of this train."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is asking if the evidence gathered so far supports the eyewitness accounts of the train not slowing down. The implied meaning is asking if the evidence gathered so far indicates that the train did not slow down.","questions":"Which view is turn 2 implying that the evidence gathered so far supports?","answer":"Eyewitness"}
{"text":["As we started reporting on this, I mean, everyone in higher education seemed to say, like, yeah, it's a problem - we all knew that it was a problem for so long, and nothing has really changed the system, changed the culture. Could this be the moment?Or is there a feeling in the field of education that, I mean, it's just so entrenched that it's going to be very hard to change the system?","Well, I have seen a lot of conversations about kind of how do we get low-income students to kind of get into college?It's certainly renewed a conversation around legacy admissions, which is the system that gives extra points to students whose parents or siblings already attended a specific school. And there's also a renewed interest in schools that don't require the college entrance exams like the ACT or the SAT, though the College Board, the company behind the SAT, says using an outside assessment actually makes it harder to pull off fraud.","But even this idea of college as nonprofit status, like, should they have this if they're not really an open-access organization or serving the greater public?So these are kind of the things that I'm keeping an eye on, and we'll see what happens.","All right. Quite a story to follow. NPR education reporter Elissa Nadworny. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Legacy admissions and college entrance exams are unfair to low-income students.","questions":"How are low-income students affected by legacy admissions?","answer":"Disadvantaged"}
{"text":["Today, Turkey formally requested NATO to deploy Patriot missiles on the border with Syria. And while the new anti-government coalition wins friends in foreign capitals, it gets a mixed reception from rebel groups inside Syria. NPR correspondent Deborah Amos joins us now by Skype from southern Turkey. And Deborah, always good to talk with you.","Thank you, Neal. Glad to be here.","And some European nations are already considering Turkey's Patriot missile request. If fulfilled, will that effectively establish a no-fly zone over parts of - over northern Syria?","NATO officials are downplaying the no-fly zone aspect of this. But there is no doubt that if there are Patriot missiles on the border, the Syrian air force will think twice about bombing any city close to that border. That is already happening on this - on the Turkish border. There are towns now that are under the umbrella of Turkey."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The presence of Patriot missiles on the border will deter the Syrian air force from bombing cities close to the border.","questions":"How will the Syrian air force react to the presence of Patriot missiles on the border?","answer":"deter"}
{"text":["And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?","Well, so all of this water from upstream that's coming from northeast Oklahoma is heading downstream into Tulsa. They have these aging levees. Many of them were built in the 1940s. The Keystone Dam is releasing huge amounts of water, and that has led to thousands of people being evacuated from their homes in the Tulsa area.","And then if you go down river, as you get closer to Arkansas, some communities, like Braggs and Webbers Falls, have been totally emptied out. One mayor earlier this week told people that if they refuse to evacuate, they should write their identification on their arm.","Wow. I mean, it does sound as though it's just an overwhelmingly awful combination of floods and tornadoes and bad weather. What are people saying as you are out and about interviewing people and, I guess, just talking to your own neighbors?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The situation is so dangerous that people who refuse to evacuate should identify themselves in case of death.","questions":"Which situation requires identification for those who refuse to evacuate?","answer":"Dangerous"}
{"text":["That's a harsh statement. I mean, you know, some of us were expecting - I mean because this is a very delicate matter for Barack Obama. On the one hand he wants to keep those civil rights establishment figures behind him, supporting him throughout this general election period, but at the same time he knows well that if he can create a little bit of distance with Jesse Jackson, he may be able to pull on more moderate Democrats, white and black, and maybe even some moderate Republicans.","But Jesse Jackson, Jr.  seems to have taken the lead and seems particularly angry and personally offended by what his father had done. And it suggests that the relationship there is somewhat fractured as well.","Let's go deeper, linguistically into this. When, at the time that I spoke with Reverend Jackson, and this was yesterday, we believed, knowing what we did, we being most of the press, that he had said that Senator Obama had emasculated himself. As it turned out, the phrase was much rougher and much more, you know, I want to blank, blank, blank. Is there a difference between those two ways, neither of them particularly nice, of parsing out lack of manhood?","Well, you know, I actually read that slightly differently. When I heard about the specific comments and the castration and sort of the anger in which it was delivered, even though it was a whisper of. I immediately began to think back historically about, you know, the ways and which powerful black men, or uppity black men were punished."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Obama needs to balance his support from civil rights figures and moderate Democrats and Republicans","questions":"Which groups does Obama need to balance his support from?","answer":"Democrats"}
{"text":["Are Jews in Germany already hiding external markers of religion?","Yes, they have for quite some time. Jews in Germany who wear yarmulkes often wear baseball caps to hide their yarmulkes because there is a feeling of unease. There aren't incidents all the time. And yet, one doesn't want to court that sort of danger. That said, of course, there's a great wish that this doesn't have to be, that one can wear a yarmulke openly. And here on the streets of Berlin, generally, it is no problem. But no one wants to be the person where it is a problem.","Right.","And even - it's not just wearing kippahs. It's also speaking Hebrew, it's wearing Magen David Jewish star necklaces. Any outward sign can be a problem."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Outward displays of Jewish identity can lead to danger","questions":"Which displays of identity can be dangerous?","answer":"Jewish"}
{"text":["First give us a little inside baseball on what happened with the Pfizer drug. Did it not clear the plaques?Do we know?Do we know why it failed?","Well, it was a preliminary report regarding the clinical findings, meaning that the memory, the functional changes in these patients with the mild to moderate state of the dementia of Alzheimer's disease, the clinical features did not improve.","What we don't know yet, they haven't announced yet, is whether the drug actually had an impact on the underlying biological process. So there was no clinical improvement, but we're still waiting for data on the biological signal. Did the antibody do what it was supposed to do in the brain?","And it was supposed to clear out the amyloid plaques, correct?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The drug did not improve clinical features in Alzheimer's patients, but it's still unclear whether it had an impact on the biological process of the disease.","questions":"How did the drug impact the biological process of Alzheimer's disease?","answer":"Unclear"}
{"text":["Yeah. After the West Africa outbreak, there was this sense that, you know, we're in much better shape. We know more about it. We've got new treatment options. We've got a vaccine that's out there.","But in this one, it really has been this perfect storm. The area that this occurred in is incredibly poor, that had poor health care infrastructure beforehand. It's incredibly volatile; there's these militias that have basically been running that part of the Democratic Republic of Congo for decades. They're vying for control of minerals. And, you know, they have really undermined any governmental institutions that would be there.","And then all these health care workers show up to try to contain the Ebola treatment unit - that Ebola, you know, outbreak, and some of them were attacked, even killed. The World Health Organization yesterday was saying they've documented 198 attacks on Ebola clinics and workers over the last year. So obviously, that's an incredibly high number for attacks on a health response, you know, even in a declared war zone.","Well, I mean, yeah, it is a war zone, but why attack - specifically attack clinics that you know are treating a disease?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is becoming very dangerous for workers to run Ebola clinics","questions":"What is the reason for the attacks on Ebola clinics?","answer":"volatility"}
{"text":["What about beyond the environment?- because your platform goes well beyond just issues. . .","Yeah.",". . . Of climate. What else do you stand for?","Well, having a clear attitude against racism through our diversity, not flirting with populist parties but confronting them. This is something that the Greens have been always good in. And I think that resonates with the population. And also, the Green Party has always been most pro-European party, longing for United States of Europe as a vision."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Green Party is against racism, doesn't support populist parties, and supports a united Europe.","questions":"What is the Green Party's stance on confronting populist parties?","answer":"United"}
{"text":["All over. I was just meeting with a friend. I had served at the U. S.  Embassy in Mexico. She's here with a group of students and professors. I have just met recently a TV crew from Romania. Another one has come in from Serbia. And, of course, of special note, a number of journalists have come in from Kenya, where there's a very very big interest, obviously, for the roots of the candidate Senator Obama.","Well, tell us, what's drawing the other journalists?What is it that they're so fascinated by?","I think it goes back probably to the caucuses in Iowa in January, and it's just grown. Clearly, as the enthusiasm in the United States has grown, I think a lot of them are focusing on the young people so involved, but in general, the U. S.  public so involved in these elections and in these campaigns. And I think, in part, it is, the U. S.  does remain a certain kind of example in terms of democracy.","Well, I mean, is it fair to say that, were Barack Obama not in this race, there wouldn't be as much interest?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 'focusing on the young people so involved' implies young people have a significant role in the election","questions":"What characteristic of the United States is a reason for the international interest in the roots of Senator Obama according to A?","answer":"Democracy"}
{"text":["Exactly, exactly.","How often does this happen?This is quite rare, is it not?","Yeah, we haven't had an annular eclipse in the United States since 1994, and this is part of what's called a sero-cycle(ph) that repeats itself every 18 years, 11 days and six hours - but who's counting that?But it repeats itself very precisely, and so we'll have another eclipse just like this 18 years, 11 days and six hours from now.","And in a couple of weeks, there's going to be another big sky show, right?The Transit of Venus. Tell us about that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This goes beyond what is being asked and explains the cycle of annular eclipses in more detail. ","questions":"Which event repeats itself every 18 years, 11 days, and six hours?","answer":"Annular,eclipses"}
{"text":["Yeah, I was looking for connection - that kind of familial intimacy that I just still didn't have. As a teenager, I went out into the world armed with my guitar and my little songs and my aggressive eye contact. And I was looking to connect with somebody else deeply.","It's so interesting - right?- that you did. You craved it. And as a result, you really looked for people's eyes. You wanted that moment of intimacy. Was it because you felt like you were an outsider in some way?","I was lonely. And yet I realized something - recording the audiobook. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : By connection, the narrator means to bring the audience and himself together. ","questions":"What was the narrator's goal with his guitar and aggressive eye contact as a teenager?","answer":"Connect"}
{"text":["It's been an exciting year for developments in space. Just earlier this week, SpaceX successfully landed a 15-story tall section of one of their rockets back on Earth. And joining me to discuss what's been going on off our planet during 2015 is NPR science correspondent Geoff Brumfiel. So explain exactly what happened that a part of the rocket returned.","In some sense, this was just another rocket launch for SpaceX. You know, they sent 11 communication satellites into orbit. What really makes this special is what happened to the big first stage of the rocket. Now, normally this would just fall back to Earth. But this time, SpaceX flipped it around and then flew it back to near the launch site and actually landed it. They fired the engines a second time and it sort of floated down onto the pad. It was pretty spectacular to watch.","The space pad looks big when you're looking at it on the Earth. But from space, it must be a tiny dot.","Yeah, I mean SpaceX describes it as trying to shoot a pencil over the Empire State Building, have it turn around and land in a shoebox vertically. That's how hard this is."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - \"Shoot a pencil over the Empire State Building, have it turn around and land in a shoebox vertically\" - This phrase is used to illustrate how difficult the task of landing a rocket is, as it would be almost impossible to do so in reality.","questions":"How does SpaceX describe the difficulty of the task of landing a rocket?","answer":"Hard"}
{"text":["Some of our questions are very basic. Were you a slaveholder?Did your money come from the labor of enslaved people?Many of the questions we're asking at our university are the same as the questions that people are asking at other universities. But I think we have one very special part of our story. That is that Princeton really was a very Southern school.","And it turns out that between 1790 and the outbreak of the Civil War, about 40 percent of our students came from the South. That's extraordinary. And there were some consequences of this very Southern orientation of our student body. There were some horrific acts of violence in our community in the 1830s and '40s as Southern boys raised in slaveholding families came to this town in New Jersey and encountered a free black community for the first time in their lives.","These Southern students were important to our school. Their tuition money was important. Keeping their parents happy was important. So the ethos on our campus was, let's just not talk about this stuff. Let's keep the peace.","Obviously, we are having a debate in this country right now about the legacy of the Civil War. And as a historian, I'd like your thoughts on how you resolve the tension between remembering and honoring."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Did your money come from the labor of enslaved people?\" - This question is not just asking whether the person's money literally came from the labor of enslaved people, but it implies a broader inquiry into whether they have benefited from and perpetuated systems of oppression and exploitation.","questions":"How does turn 0 imply a broader inquiry into the person's actions?","answer":"Implication"}
{"text":["So before - so just in case that happens, you were there for the eclipse. How was it?","The eclipse - you know, people say, how was the eclipse?It was fantastic. How did it compare to others?I have no idea. It was the first one I ever saw. But the scientists seemed pleased that were watching it with me both as a scientific event and as a spiritual event. So it was a really good example of a total solar eclipse.","That is NPR's science correspondent Joe Palca reporting from Chile.","Joe, come back."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : case implies a situation and not a pack or suitcase ","questions":"How was the eclipse viewed?","answer":"Fantastic"}
{"text":["Thank you very much.","What is the mission of this March for Science?","I think the profession of science is under attack. And why is that happening?Because we've really ceded the floor. We haven't engaged in politics. We've left that open for politicians to come in and really hijack and obfuscate science for their own selfish needs.","When you say that science is under attack, to what degree should we read this march as a protest against Trump administration policies?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) When the speaker states that science is under attack, they are implying that politicians are misusing science to further their own agendas, rather than relying on scientific evidence to inform their decisions.","questions":"How are politicians misusing science according to the speaker?","answer":"Misusing"}
{"text":["So, yeah, just for the people who don't know, New Faces is a place where, like, up-and-coming comedians can perform in front of agents and people who can, like, change their life essentially, right?So his set was 50% I'm bad at sex, I'm, like, kind of pudgy and I feel weird about it - right - and, like, very, very well-mined place for comedy. And the other 50% of his comedy was about how he's from Mechanicsburg, Pa. , and he just moved to New York. And he's sort of, like, straddling the line between his, like, racist stuff - his uncle's posts on Facebook - and, like, the aggressively woke friends he's making now in New York and just sort of trying to traverse the two worlds.","And his set got - you know, I put him on the list because his set got a lot of laughs. He has great, like, timing. And, like, the aggressive energy that's in his podcast was sort of, like, shaved off just enough, you know?","Did you hear him make any actual racist comments during his set?","Every sort of, like, racist comments were sort of, like, couched in, like, oh, my uncle just hates Kaepernick - like, that sort of thing - like, in the voice of."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : He used racist language but tried to hide it behind humor.","questions":"What was the comedian's content about in his set?","answer":"Racism"}
{"text":["You know, World War II is very cut-and-dry. It was like, these are the bad guys, you know. We're fighting for, you know, freedom. And not just for Europe, but for ourselves, for our people, to prove that we are more than what people say we are. That's not happening in Iraq.","Well, Professor, thanks for the interview.","Well, thank you.","Yvonne Latty is author of \"We Were There: Voices of African-American Veterans from World War II to the War in Iraq. \"She's also a professor in the department of journalism at New York University."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : cut-and-dry implies World War II was easy to understand and not complicated","questions":"What was World War II according to A?","answer":"WorldWarII"}
{"text":["Well, popularity is very important. The outdoor world needs more visitors and better accessibility. The difficulty with managing that side of it is that construction can have adverse effects to the natural areas if you start doing different buildings and that sort of thing on top of it, but yes.","Is this an anomaly, though, when we're talking just about Horseshoe Bend or have you seen other spaces that have changed?","I have. A smaller one in Colorado is Conundrum Hot Springs. After it became a spot for people to easily find on social media, the amount of visitorship (ph) went up really high. And since this is a very remote location where people kind of hang around for a long time in the hot springs, they ran out of places to go to the bathroom. As a result, Conundrum Hot Springs had to be shut down for a little bit while park rangers were up there with shovels to relieve that issue.","Meaning they were building bathrooms because people were just, like, basically. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Popularity is important for the outdoor world, but it can have negative effects on natural areas.","questions":"Which location in Colorado faced issues with visitorship due to social media?","answer":"Conundrum"}
{"text":["Our Women's National Team has been so successful over decades since the beginning of the creation of the team, right?And all of these women - we all think that we're the best in the world. Rightfully so - but you can imagine that environment and the standards and the competition and the challenge and the demanding aspects of it. So, having lived inside of this little ecosystem for so many years, I became so accustomed to having those around me push me to become my best self.","So I took a few years off, and I got super unfit, but I needed - my body needed a complete reset. So I started running again, and this whole thing - like, I hate running. I hate every step of it. And I would come home, and I would complain. And eventually, my wife was, like, look - like, you don't have your teammates around you.","And it dawned on me - like, wow. Oh, OK. I see how this works. Suffering and joy is made so much better when you get to do it with people around you that see your best self and hold you to that account.","It's common for professional athletes after they retire to feel like they've lost their identity. What have you done to kind of rebuild who you are?Do you feel like you have an identity again after your pro career?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Retiring from a professional athletic career can result in a loss of identity, and the speaker is asking how the person has coped with this and if they have found a new sense of identity.","questions":"What is the speaker in turn 3 asking about the person's identity after retiring from a professional athletic career?","answer":"Coped"}
{"text":["And is there anywhere else, is there another ratcheting up of sanctions that's possible?","I think, you know, it's always possible to do more, but I think this next step will be the biggest change, the biggest increase in terms of what they'll really feel. The Central Bank piece is enormous, basically forces every financial institution in the world to choose between dealing with the American financial institutions and dealing with the Iran Central Bank. Not many people will choose to deal with Iran's Central Bank and that will really hamper their ability to have any kind of exchange in the international system.","Michele Flournoy, thank you very much for your time today. We appreciate it.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Forces every financial institution in the world to choose\": This is a hyperbole, which is an exaggerated statement used to emphasize a point. The sanctions on the Central Bank of Iran would not literally force every financial institution in the world to make a choice. However, it would significantly limit the options available to them when dealing with Iran, making it much more difficult for them to conduct business with the country.","questions":"How would the sanctions on the Iran Central Bank affect the financial institutions?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["Yeah. I think - again, after all these years, that's how I've expressed myself. And I always sort of would feel odd when people would describe, you know, singer-song - or what I do, really as confessional. I think that tends to often be said in the same sentence when you talk about singer-songwriters. And I never thought of it as something to confess but rather it's about how you express yourself.","There is those other events in your life. The pulmonary embolism must have scared you to death.","Mm-hmm. Terrifying.","And divorce almost as scary."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The pulmonary embolism was a very scary experience for you.","questions":"Which event was terrifying for B?","answer":"Divorce"}
{"text":["But that's the idea.","So far, on your video, you show that you can make something that looks like Band-Aid, like cover a cut.","It's like a blob. But it's a really beautiful blob.","It's beautiful. I think it reminded me of flower petals, you know, opening and closing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is different than what most people would imagine a blob to be.","questions":"How would you describe the blob?","answer":"Blob"}
{"text":[". . . About 30 seconds left.","OK.","Do you think the administration perceives ISIS as a greater threat than the Assad regime in Syria and is making that choice in so many words?","Scott, that's the problem. The Iraq strategy is clear, but the Syria strategy is a muttle (ph) because there's a desire to the defeat ISIL. And we've had some success with the Kurds in the north, but there hasn't been a clear strategy vis-a-vis Assad. These are two problems that are connected, and you can't have a strategy that's just about one. We're hoping for a, you know, a strong outcome to these discussions in Geneva, the restart of a peace discussion about Syria. But we've been pursuing a strategy in Syria that's kind of a half strategy without having a strategy on Assad and the refugee crisis and so many other (unintelligible) for that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) implies that B is asking A to comment on the administration's decision to prioritize the threat of ISIS over the Assad regime in Syria, ","questions":"What is the issue with the Syria strategy according to A?","answer":"connected"}
{"text":["People go armed with treats and halters, and so they're able to catch them. And, you know, mostly, if you're calm, the horses stay calm.","Horses eat a lot, don't they?How do you care for every one?","Sure thing. Well, many of us were able to grab hay and some supplies as we were evacuating our barn. So we came with food and some items in hand. But the local seed stores have been donating all kinds of hay and shavings and pellets. So we have had, again, tremendous support from the local community, making sure that every horse here is fed.","Can you smell the smoke, see the fire?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is suggesting that the community has been very supportive of the horses.","questions":"How have the local community been helpful?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["This is SCIENCE FRIDAY. I'm Flora Lichtman, filling in for Ira Flatow, who's out today. This week, the FDA approved a new influenza vaccine for this year's flu season, and soon enough summer will be over and you'll be standing in line again at your pharmacy or doctor's office, participating in that yearly ritual - your annual vaccination allocation.","But what if that didn't have to happen?Imagine a world without the seasonal flu shot. What if one shot could protect you against flu forever and protect you against all flus, including avian flu and swine flu?","Well, you'll have to keep imagining for a while yet because there's no universal vaccine, but researchers are working on it. And joining me now to talk about the effort is Dr.  Gary Nabel. He's the head of the Vaccine Research Center at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases - that's part of the NIH - and he's co-author of a paper this week in the journal Science Translational Medicine on the topic. Welcome to the program, Dr.  Nabel.","Thank you.","So what's the difference between a universal vaccine and the one that I get every year?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It implies how important vaccination is against seasonal flu.","questions":"What is the topic discussed in the dialogue in relation to a medical intervention?","answer":"Vaccination"}
{"text":["As a parent, or as a wife, or both?","Well, I mean, how can I answer that?I spend a lot of time at home, especially now that I have kids, so, I'm mostly confronting these situations that involve white people making assumptions about me and my children. But, you know, when we go into Boston, both with my kids and with my husband when he was, you know, my boyfriend, or my fiance, or whatever, and we were living in the city, yes, I think, you know, we certainly got our fair share of double takes and then some. And not very subtle, either, by blacks which I also find just as disconcerting, if not more so.","You mention towards the end of your article that you are hopeful, but not necessarily convinced, that everything is moving in the right direction racially. Why do you think that?","Well, I really just don't know. You know, I am very hopeful because I think that, you know, my biggest fear as a parent is that my kids will somehow feel squeezed between these two identities, and feel forced to choose one. And there are many stories of, you know, friends and acquaintances of mine who are biracial who go through these stages of, you know, rejecting their black parent or feeling embarrassed by their black parent. And then reading \"Malcolm X\" freshman year in college and then rejecting their white parent. I mean, it's a very common thing, or it's not uncommon, at least."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker faces racial discrimination and stereotypes from both white and black people.","questions":"Which group of people causes the speaker to face discrimination?","answer":"Blacks"}
{"text":["As we move forward, though, and as you see President Trump continue to backtrack on his comments on background checks, in the last 30 seconds we have, what would you like to tell him to stay on the message that you would like him to stay on?","Listen to the American people. We're a democracy. That's what we're supposed to be doing. There can be special interests that are whispering in his ear. They represent the past. What the future is are the kids in our elementary schools or high schools that practice a mass shooting drill during the first couple days of school. That's not the United States of America.","Democratic Mayor Greg Fischer of Louisville, thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : 'Special interests whispering in his ear' is figurative. It means that special interest groups - probably the NRA - have too much influence over the President.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of \"special interests whispering in his ear\"?","answer":"Influence"}
{"text":["I saw that statistic in National Review.","Oh, that's another fine magazine.","And give me some credit for reading National Review.","I personally - I think. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: Oh, that's another fine magazine.  This turn is an example of sarcasm. The speaker, A, uses the phrase \"another fine magazine\" to indicate that they do not believe that National Review is a fine magazine, despite what the previous speaker, B, has implied. The literal meaning of the phrase is positive, but the actual meaning, conveyed through the speaker's tone and context, is negative.","questions":"Which word expresses the tone of PersonA's statement in turn 1?","answer":"Sarcasm"}
{"text":["Now it's, I should say this is a demonstration, it's not, you know, there is an actual kill that takes place in the video, but it's not a real kill, it's a demo kill. But what the system that they are playing or working on actually is designed to do and will do when it is deployed is to hunt, and if necessary kill, real targets. It fires missiles, it drops bombs, you can hear the guy talking about the weapons that he has available on one of his drones.","And they didn't just make it feel like a video game, they figured out that there's a sort of a feedback loop that was a problem for the operators, they couldn't kind of sense what was happening. And they hired video gamers to redesign their system for them.","Yeah, they hired real game developers. Because, you know, when you compared what people in the military were using to operate drones to what the latest Xbox or PlayStation system looked like, I mean the screens on this wrap around you so you feel as though you were there. One of the executives Raytheon describes it as projecting your mind into a place where you want it.","You write about watching this demonstration video with your seven year old kind of standing behind you watching this screen, and he gets it right away and he kind of likes it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"he gets it right away and he kind of likes it\" - The literal meaning is that the seven year old understands the demonstration and enjoys it. The implied meaning is that the seven year old is being desensitized to violence and is being exposed to the idea of killing as a form of entertainment.","questions":"How does the seven year old react to the demonstration?","answer":"Likes"}
{"text":["I would love that, and we would absolutely love that.","And watch The Daily Show tonight. I'll be on it.","Oh, absolutely.","Great."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Suggesting that the other person should watch The Daily Show to see the speaker's appearance.","questions":"What show is the speaker going to be on?","answer":"The-Daily-Show"}
{"text":["The best story.","Just another story.","Really quickly, the New York Jets have announced their new head coach, Bill, and I know that that is a subject of your next wonderful column. Give us a sneak preview.","Well, yeah. Buddy Ryan's son, Rex Ryan, had his first conference yesterday, and you know, he was so enthusiastic I was ready to snap on the pass."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A isn't really ready to snap on the pass. That just means that the coach's enthusiasm was infectious, and 'A' felt like he was ready to play football for him.","questions":"Which emotion did the coach's enthusiasm evoke in A?","answer":"Enthusiasm"}
{"text":["I think it may encourage a few big states, as I mentioned, to try to move away a little bit from weighing race and trying to find a way, like this top 10 law, rewarding top graduates, find a way to bring in more minority students but without giving an explicit preference in the admissions policy.","Now some will remember there was another case I think from the University of Michigan that was also broadly about affirmative action. Does the Texas case supplant that, or are we awaiting a decision on the Michigan case, as well?","We're waiting a decision on the Michigan case, as well. That will be argued in the fall. The lower court decided that on a different basis, basically said that they threw out - the lower court threw out a state proposition, a ballot measure that prohibited affirmative action in Michigan. And so that's a different legal issue, and the court's going to hear that case and decide it next year.","Well, a couple of other interesting cases they picked up for next year announced today, one of them McCullen v.  Coakley, which takes on the issue of protestors at abortion clinics. And as I understand it, their case argues that the law in Massachusetts that prohibits them from barring entry to - they have to be a certain distance away from entries to abortion clinics, that violates their right to free speech."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It may encourage states from taking race into account on college admissions.","questions":"What might some big states do to bring in more minority students without giving an explicit preference in the admissions policy?","answer":"Bring"}
{"text":["Very often that's the case, certainly in surface sediments if they come from a lake or from the sea. They're the waste product. We can test them by looking at various isotopes. So there are different isotopes of sulfur, and there's a specific pattern of the isotopes of sulfur that's characteristic for this particular pathway.","And we were able to find that, and not only that but in some examples of the material we looked at we could see little sort of bean-shaped cells, not much more, again, than a micron or a thousandth of a millimeter across, which were sitting on the tissue on the cells of material that was itself being consumed.","So we hypothesize anyway that these may be the creatures caught in the act of eating other creatures.","And so the world was filled at that time with these microscopic creatures, right?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Sitting n\" doesn't seem literal. These tiny cells don't have rear-ends and cannot really sit that way, but it means they are positioned on top of other material.","questions":"What is the shape of the bean-shaped cells mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Bean-shaped"}
{"text":["One sergeant in the Green Berets told you - and this gives you some sense of the intensity of what went on - I've never seen that many rocket-propelled grenades in my career.","That's correct. He's an 11-year veteran of the Green Beret team, so he's pretty much seen it all in Iraq and Afghanistan. And he said it was almost, you know, cinematic. This particular attack seemed so highly orchestrated that they just felt like, you know - that they were throwing everything that they could at them.","Why weren't the Afghan military forces in Ghazni able to repel this Taliban attack?","The local forces had communication problems. They weren't able to really strategize about how to beat back the Taliban forces. They were overwhelmed in a lot of ways, despite the fact that they're flush with U. S. -supplied weaponry, at that. There were reports of Afghan military firing on their own forces, as well as American convoys. And there were reports that they had delivered the wrong supplies to police departments that were in desperate need of more ammunition. So really, what it came down to was that they needed the U. S.  Special Forces and Afghan commandos, which is special forces of sorts for the Afghans, to be able to have strategy, to be able to communicate with one another and to be able to act in concert rather than these sort of disparate skirmishes.","That adds up to a pretty damning appraisal of the Afghan military's readiness."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They had a large amount of weapons from the United States.","questions":"Which country's weapons did the Afghan military forces have?","answer":"usa"}
{"text":["Right. And people in Detroit and in Michigan have seen that up close. Detroit is one of the country's leading cities for foreclosures, and people have just seen the values of their houses plummet there. What do you hear from your readers?","Well, they're very angry. And the next question is, well, who are they angry at?And the answer seems to be, well, who's available. If McCain is doing a swing through the suburbs today, they'll be mad at McCain. If the Democratic governor of Michigan, Jennifer Granholm, visits Detroit, they'll be mad at her. Both candidates still have favorable ratings above 50 percent. That's a little bit at variance with what I'm hearing anecdotally from readers. They seem much more polarized than that, and the Obama people seem much more hateful towards McCain and vice versa.","And what do they want to hear from the candidates?","They want to hear how the candidates are going to stem the hemorrhaging of manufacturing jobs in Michigan or alternatively, what they're going to replace those jobs with. Michigan has been struggling with job losses, foreclosures and high unemployment for well over a year now. And there's anger, but there's also a little bit of numbness at the constant patter of bad news."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"stem the hemorrhaging\" - figurative meaning: stop the rapid loss","questions":"Which word in the dialogue describes the loss of manufacturing jobs in Michigan?","answer":"Manufacturing"}
{"text":["And I gather these are specialists, not just regular line firefighters.","Yeah, that's correct. We send - they usually run out of incident management team people, so the teams of planning officers and operation officers and incident managers who actually organize and manage the battle against the fire but also aviation specialists and fire-behavior-type specialists. So they are the type of people that they need and run out of when they've got, you know, the fire activity that they see this summer.","Are the Australian, American and Canadian approaches to firefighting sufficiently similar that you can swap personnel like that?","Well, they certainly are. And we've been swapping personnel particularly with United States since the year 2000. So we've done quite a few deployments from Australia to the U. S.  and Canada. And we've also had Canadian and U. S.  folks come across to Southern Australia and help us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Are the Australian, American and Canadian approaches to firefighting compatible enough that personnel can be exchanged between the three countries?","questions":"Which countries' firefighting approaches are considered similar enough to exchange personnel according to PersonA's response in the dialogue?","answer":"Australia,Canada,United"}
{"text":["Hey. How you doing, Lulu?","I'm very well. For people who haven't been to Richmond, can you describe Monument Avenue for us?What statues are there?","Monument Avenue is one of the most beautiful stretches of street in the United States of America. I mean, it's tree-lined. It's on the national historic registry. There are statues to Robert E.  Lee. There's a statue to Jeb Stuart, to, you know, Stonewall Jackson. And there's a lonely statue of Arthur Ashe, which I call the only true champion on that stretch of street.","The tennis champion, Arthur Ashe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"The tennis champion, Arthur Ashe.\" - The actual meaning is the speaker is confirming that they know who Arthur Ashe is, rather than just stating his name without any context or understanding.","questions":"What is the name of the tennis player mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Arthur"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. That's the thing about everything in life, kind of, is that you kind of have to try certain things out to figure out what you want. So it's like you should always be able to have that moment of, like, figuring out who you are by using a bunch of different things that you've heard already. And then instead of still doing that for your whole career, which I think some people do, you have to take that and, like, digest it and then come out with something that's everything combined. And it's your own thing.","(Singing) Where did you go?I should know. But it's cold. And I don't want to be lonely. So show me the way home. I can't lose another life.","I get that sense of being real is something deeply important.","It's very important for me. I just feel uncomfortable having things be disingenuous. Like, I just have a big thing about honesty and, like, real. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  A: (Singing) Where did you go? I should know. But it's cold. And I don't want to be lonely. So show me the way home. I can't lose another life.","questions":"Which song?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["Oh, it was wonderful. My father used to play the accordion and my brothers used to sing as well. So growing up with them, I learned a lot. It was not difficult for me to become a musician. I just have to create my own identity - that was the hard part.","(Singing in foreign language)","Some people call your sound Congo Rumba. What does that phrase mean to you and what kind of flavors do you try to put into your music?","Rumba is an old form of music that requires two people to come together and dance. It originated way back in our traditional music. Of course, the name sounds familiar because of Kuba. We know Kuba is a very strong African tradition so they played that kind of music as well. So, when it came back to us in Africa, especially in Congo, it was welcomed back home. So, it's a very old type of music, and it's about love. It's about (unintelligible). So, I like to sing for lovers. I like to sing for peace. I like to sing for people who can dance to people.","(Singing in foreign language)","You're donating percentage of the sales from the CD to the Dikembe Mutombo Foundation, and we spoke with Dikembe last year on the show. He's \u2014 just remind folks from the Democratic Republic of Congo a place for the NBA. How did you connect with his foundation?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"You're donating percentage of the sales from the CD to the Dikembe Mutombo Foundation...How did you connect with his foundation?\" (Literal meaning: The speaker is asking how the interviewee made a connection with the Dikembe Mutombo Foundation.)","questions":"How is PersonB contributing to the Dikembe Mutombo Foundation?","answer":"Donating"}
{"text":["So right now, there are multiple congressional committees investigating this issue. We've got them on the House side. We've got a couple on the Senate side. I guess I want to know why is there a need for multiple investigations, and how do these congressional investigations differ at their core from what Special Counsel Robert Mueller is conducting?","Well, Senate Intelligence looks at intelligence matters primarily. Senate Judiciary looks at matters that fall under the broad scope of the Judiciary Committee. All these congressional investigations differ very much in function from what the Special Counsel Mueller does. Mueller works in secret and long, long deep studies of things like finances. And he doesn't bring his results public. If he finds something that's really important, he won't let you know until it's time to indict somebody. Whereas, the congressional committees when classification allows them to be in the open, they live for open hearings. They want people to know what they found.","And what about compelling witnesses to testify?The subpoena, is that a last resort thing or is it just a negotiating device?","Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The congressional committees are trying to gain public attention and support for their investigations, while Mueller is working in the shadows and his findings will only be revealed when it is time to take legal action.","questions":"Which committee looks at matters that fall under the broad scope of the Judiciary Committee?","answer":"Judiciary"}
{"text":["For the last 40, 50 years, the education system has been translated into industry worker-producing system at high end, also, at low end, also. So - and that education system is becoming a reason to be tensed about the examinations themselves, the jobs, the admissions to the higher education classes, and every student was almost dying to get at the top positions. So all this was creating a lot of problem. So that's why we are not touching right now at graduation level; we are just touching about the bottom level - that is, starting from nursery classes to grade 8.","Minister Sisodia, who teaches a happiness class?","So there are 20,000 teachers that we have trained so far to take these classes, and they're taking these classes daily. This is 35-minute class, every day, first half of the morning. One class is for happiness class.","I have to ask, has any teacher said to you, if you want me to teach a happiness class, pay me more?That'll make me happy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 20,000 teachers have been trained to teach a daily 35-minute happiness class.","questions":"How long is the daily happiness class taught by the trained teachers?","answer":"35"}
{"text":["It's not unusual for a new president to shed some of the staff that comes in with him in the first year. You know, people from the campaign, for example, who don't fit in in the new environment. But this is the earliest we've ever seen a chief of staff go. And this many departees at this high level, it's hard to think of an analog in the first six months of any other administration.","OK.  A really big legislative story this week with the Senate failing to repeal the Affordable Care Act. Is that effort dead as in really, really, really dead?","It is dead for the moment. You know, the president has been tweeting in the last 24 hours about killing the filibuster rule because it's too hard to get to 60 votes. You know, on this bill, all they needed was 50 votes and they could not get to 50 votes. And the real problem here is not process. It's the problem. They don't have consensus on health care. So it looks dead in the Senate, at least for the moment, but it could be revived in the longer run.","And just quickly, we could have started our conversation with North Korea or Russia. The world is out there, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies that the questioner is asking if the effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act is completely over, while (4) implies that the questioner is suggesting that there are more important issues that the conversation could have started with than North Korea or Russia.","questions":"What is the legislative story that dominated the Senate's agenda this week?","answer":"Healthcare"}
{"text":["And voters - how are they responding to it?","Well, voters I spoke with today were really unhappy with this redo election. They didn't seem to change their minds, and they mostly voted for the same candidate that they voted for last time. Netanyahu's supporters were very confident in their support for him. But when it came to his main opponent, the retired general, Benny Gantz, his supporters were a lot more pessimistic about his chances. He's a centrist, and some of them are hoping that at least Netanyahu will build a coalition with that centrist party and that could moderate an otherwise right-wing government.","And this is a complex election - right?- with many political parties. What are people saying about the most likely outcomes?","Well, in the last election, Gantz, who's the centrist, the former general, he was slightly ahead. And then Netanyahu pulled ahead. And then when the actual votes were counted, they tied. They had a 35-35 tie. And so now we're going to be looking at that same situation, it appears. If Netanyahu hangs on, he could try to build a right-wing alliance or ally with centrists, including Gantz. All of this is going to depend on one wild card, and that is Avigdor Lieberman. He's right wing, but he could tip either way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The voters did not seem to change their opinions when they voted again.","questions":"What was the response of voters to the redo election?","answer":"Unchanged"}
{"text":["Well, for me it's almost anything that I'm sent and asked to click on in which somebody else is supposedly really embarrassing themselves. And I'm supposed to find this funny. I'm supposed to enjoy the spectacle. But it's just a physical response that I can't, you know. I clench sort of every muscle in my body and I can barely bring myself to watch it and then end up pressing stop. So, you know, examples would be the recording that was around this week of an employee of a cable company attempting to make a departing customer stay using all sorts of extraordinary arguments, I'm told. I'm told it was very embarrassing for the cable company employee. But I don't know because I can't bring myself to listen to it.","The guy who proposed marriage to a woman at the ballpark - you know about this one?","Oh, this is going to be a wedding proposal that is rejected in public, I think?","Yeah, that's it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn (2): The speaker is implying that the person proposing marriage to a woman at the ballpark is likely to be rejected in public. ","questions":"What is the PersonA's expectation regarding the outcome of the wedding proposal at the ballpark?","answer":"Rejected"}
{"text":["The Trump administration - or at least the president - have indicated previously they don't share this conclusion. Saudi Embassy says the claims and the purported assessment are false. Now, let's note - President Trump has often criticized the U. S.  intelligence establishment, saying they're not right on Russia. Oh, yeah. They were the ones who said Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.","We have to ask, is there any indication in this CIA report, which has sources inside, that this is some kind of attempt by what the president's supporters call the deep state to bring him into line?","No, I don't think so. I mean, the CIA - you know, for all of the ways that the president somehow misunderstands how they operate - is looking at this situation objectively. And, yes, to some degree, they are factoring in subjective judgments about how people behave, like the crown prince. But this is not an attempt, I think, to, you know, bring the crown prince to heel or to somehow influence policy.","And we should note, too, the president, I mean, has been briefed on the CIA's findings. And what we understand is that he keeps resisting them because he doesn't have, I guess, the smoking gun. He keeps asking, well, where's the body?Or, show me the definitive proof that Mohammed bin Salman ordered this. And, you know, it doesn't always work that way."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"The Trump administration, or at least the president, has expressed doubt in the CIA's conclusion, and President Trump has previously criticized the U.S. intelligence establishment.","questions":"What has President Trump previously done to the U.S. intelligence establishment?","answer":"criticize"}
{"text":["Yeah. You know, it's a great question. I think that the core of the problem is that they say that they pursue these weapons out of insecurity. So the logical thing is can the world provide them some sort of security?And in past agreements that I have participated in, we provided them security guarantees and offered to negotiate a peace treaty with them. The problem is I think the security - insecurity that they feel is generated by the regime itself. You know, these sorts of totalitarian regimes never feel secure. And that's the core problem.","Because there's mass starvation. There's mass poverty. There's mass oppression.","Right. And that they - all those things, and that they don't rule by the consent of the legitimacy of the people. And that's the basic problem.","Yeah. China has a role in this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There's mass starvation. There's mass poverty. There's mass oppression.\"  Here, the speaker is not simply stating the literal existence of these problems but implying that these issues are widespread and pervasive, affecting a large number of people in a significant manner.","questions":"How would you describe the impact of the issues mentioned by B?","answer":"Significant"}
{"text":["In other words, says Ambassador Hill, the error was to call for the removal of President Bashar al-Assad. Christopher Hill joins us now from his office at the University of Denver, where he's dean of the School of International Studies. He's former ambassador to Iraq, Macedonia, Poland and South Korea, a former assistant secretary of state as well. Nice to talk with you again.","Good to talk to you.","And you concede in your piece that President Assad should be tried for war crimes. How can he be part of a diplomatic solution?","Well, that's not a concession on my part. I'm simply pointing out that the conflict in Syria is a pretty complex one. And the issue often is not how do you get rid of these guys, these dictators, but how do they get there in the first place. And when we start looking into Syria, you see that it wasn't quite the same pattern as Moammar Gadhafi or even the situation in Egypt or some of these other places associated with the Arab Spring, you have a very complex problem. And to this day, some couple years later, you have a lot of people fighting on Assad's side, and they're not fighting on his side because they like him, support him, want to see him continue.","They just fear the future even more than they fear him. And so I think the problem was that in calling for his ouster, we didn't explain what would happen the day after he's gone."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They didn't get into position in the same way as some places were protests and riots occurred.","questions":"How was the situation in Syria different from other places associated with the Arab Spring?","answer":"complex"}
{"text":["That's right. They assumed, as I think much of the media assumed, that the Clinton campaign was going to be a true juggernaut. And when it collapsed I went back and talked to the people directly involved, and they knew it was not a juggernaut. The word they used repeatedly, and I'm talking her top people, more than a dozen of them, the word they used repeatedly is that the campaign was dysfunctional.","They had some big names running their campaign, but when I just went through the simple process of checking out their biographies, I found that their campaign manager, Patti Solis Doyle, had never worked in a presidential campaign before. Their deputy campaign manager, Mike Henry, had never worked in a presidential campaign before. Even Howard Wilson, who became a media superstar, he was her communications director, he had never worked in a presidential campaign before.","But well. . .","If you go through the list of Obama people, the top four, five, six people had not just worked in presidential campaigns before, but they worked in that critical area which gets very little attention, but is absolutely essential, and that's called field operations. It means going into states, setting up shop, organizing, getting people door knocking, getting people calling and getting delegate victories."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the campaign was dysfunctional\" - This phrase means that the campaign was not functioning effectively or smoothly, rather than literally being a physical or mechanical dysfunction.","questions":"What is the word repeatedly used by Clinton's top people to describe her campaign?","answer":"dysfunctional"}
{"text":["And some news from the art world now. The secretive artist Banksy is known for the political street art he paints in cities around the world. On Friday night, one of his paintings of a small girl and a heart-shaped red balloon just out of reach went to auction at Sotheby's in London and sold for almost $1. 4 million. But the room and, presumably, the painting's anonymous buyer were in for a surprise. I asked New York magazine's art critic Jerry Saltz to explain.","As it was being sold, and the hammer went down over $1 million, suddenly, it started to rumble and buzz, and the canvas sort of disappeared down into the frame and came out beneath it shredded. It was fantastic.","What was the reaction?","Well, I think people were horrified, amazed, shocked. The market is such a kind of dumb organism. People in the market buy what other people in the market buy. And suddenly, one of the things they are buying changed. So he pranked them. Maybe it is only a prank, but, God, it felt good."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The market is not the organism but the people that buy and sell are the organism.","questions":"Which word describes the market according to turn 3?","answer":"Organism"}
{"text":["Being a congressional Democrat from Alabama has been a lonely occupation. Representative Terri Sewell, from the district that includes Selma and parts of Birmingham and Montgomery, was the only Democrat in the state's congressional delegation until this week, when Doug Jones defeated Roy Moore for the U. S.  Senate. Representative Sewell joins us from her district. Representative Sewell, thanks so much for being with us.","Well, thank you so much for having me.","Doug Jones thanked you specifically for helping bring African-American voters to the polls. Do you want to take a victory lap and tell us how you did it?","(Laughter) Well, listen. This was an amazing victory for Alabama. It was a victory, I think, for decency - common decency. And it shows that Alabama was willing to put principle over party. I was very excited that my district overperformed. And I was particularly excited about the African-American turnout. You know, I think that people understood that the stakes were high. This administration has had a negative effect on our community. It's reversing a lot of the Obama-era progress that we've made. And I'm just very pleased that people showed up and showed out."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : : The implied meaning of this turn is that Representative Sewell should explain how she encouraged African-American voters to come out and vote for Doug Jones.","questions":"How did Doug Jones thank Representative Sewell?","answer":"specifically"}
{"text":["Well, up until about two decades ago there were no rights for crime victims. Victims were treated basically as another part of the evidence of the crime. So, really we've seen a great development in crime victims' rights in the criminal and juvenile justice systems since that time.","Who pioneered that change?","Really, it was driven by the experience of victims and survivors themselves. Like the example of Miss Hawkins, who turned the worst event in her life into a catalyst to make a difference for other people, so that other people wouldn't have to go through the same thing that she went through, that's the story of the Victims' Rights Movement. It has been people who felt that they were so poorly treated by the criminal justice system, that they had to make a difference and make sure it would be better for the next person.","How would you define victims' rights?Just you know, what do you think victims' rights really means?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Victims themselves have been the driving force behind the development of victims' rights.","questions":"What is the catalyst behind the development of victims' rights?","answer":"Victims"}
{"text":["You're very welcome.","What made you write this letter?","What I've noticed is that the sidelines has become more venomous. When expletives come across, when parents are yelling you're the worst referee ever because of one bad call that was made - this is outrageous behavior. It's unacceptable on every level.","Is there a particularly egregious incident that sticks in your mind that you could relate to us we might learn from?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : What I've noticed is that the sidelines has become more venomous. When expletives come across, when parents are yelling you're the worst referee ever because of one bad call that was made - this is outrageous behavior. It's unacceptable on every level.  In this turn, the actual meaning goes beyond the literal meaning. The speaker is not merely describing an observation about the increasing venomous behavior on the sidelines, but also expressing their disapproval and condemnation of such behavior. The implication is that the speaker finds this behavior unacceptable and outrageous, emphasizing the negative impact it has on the referee and the overall atmosphere of the game.","questions":"Which behavior is the speaker expressing disapproval of?","answer":"Behavior"}
{"text":["Well, thank you.","As we note, you've got some photographs of some very splendid interiors, including, for example, the New York Public Library. But maybe less to be expected, tell us about the Handley Regional Public Library in Winchester, VA.","Well, I have been born and raised and lived all my life in California. And so the American Civil War is something quite distant from my experience. But I'm always amazed when I travel in the east, the closeness of that period. So this was a library in Winchester that was built by a Confederate sympathizer and then, the library itself is this beautiful structure, both inside and out. But the walls inside were covered with portraits of Confederate generals, which really was sort of astonishing to me, and to see again, the closeness of that history.","Did you ever feel, in shooting pictures of public libraries, that you have been in the process of documenting a vanishing species?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implies that B is asking A to tell them more about a library that may not be as well known as the New York Public Library.","questions":"How was the library built by a Confederate sympathizer in Winchester, VPersonA described by A?","answer":"astonishing"}
{"text":["That poem is called \"A Flower Song For Maidens Coming Of Age. \"It was written in 1440 before European contact in Mexico. And it's from a collection of Mayan poems - extraordinary. Tell me about why this poem resonated for you. It describes a moon ceremony.","It was such an important revelation to have come across this poem. I cried. I cried for two days - the whole week because, as you know, colonization basically eradicated all of our written documentation in the Americas. All of our traditions have been passed down through word of mouth. But to have written documentation that women have been honoring the moon and celebrating their bodies and their transitions, their milestones in this way, I really felt like my ancestors were watching over.","And you wrote in the afterword to this book that you really wanted young women to find their own way to connect with their roots. Why?","Well, I think it's important for any person, really, but young girls in particular who come from marginalized communities to find their - not only their roots but the meaning and the legacy of wisdom and power that comes from those traditions. And Celi, because she's bicultural and multiracial, she has all of these beautiful intersections happening that I really tried to play up in the novel because I wanted children that are just like Celi, who are multiracial and bicultural, to see themselves and their hybridity in all of its beauty and all of its power."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People do not have roots but they do have places where they began something or where family is.","questions":"Which turn mentions the misconception about people having roots?","answer":"afterword"}
{"text":["Well, I can tell you that people like me and organizations like mine will be pushing for in the new year real spending reform, and there's real spending reform to - had across the board. That's from the military industrial complex all the way through the welfare system. Senator Tom Coburn, when he was in the Senate, demonstrated, according to the CBO, over $400 billion of waste and duplicative spending every year. We ought to start there. And I'm hoping that the country can get rational. Both parties can begin to address that stuff beginning in 2018.","Do you think that Republicans will campaign on spending reform anymore?","You know, I don't know whether they will or not. It depends on how hard the grassroots push them. And I hope the grassroots do continue to push them on that.","Is it important to the grassroots to have that still?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Grassroots are known to be stuck to the soil, the narrator mean by that as the Republicans are stuck on their roots. ","questions":"What is the narrator's analogy between grassroots and Republicans?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","Did that work for you?","Yeah. I mean, because it's similar to what the TV show does. They tease some things. Some things get a few seconds. Some things are the main themes. And I felt that they really focused on two main lines here. I think, for me, they were the two main themes of this one. One is that downstairs, it turns out that the royals come with their own servants. And their own servants are very snooty. They're snootier than the king and queen. . . .","Yeah.",". . . As it turns out. And upstairs, the Dowager countess, Maggie Smith - no one else - is dealing with succession issues and who's going to run things in the future. And that also becomes an interesting plot. So those are the two main ones for me. But there's all kinds of other ones that are kind of peeking in around the edges.","I didn't think Maggie Smith could shine any more than she does in the television series, but she really did."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : They don't think Maggie Smith could look any better or do her job any better than on television.","questions":"Which actress did PersonB mention in their statement?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["(Laughter) There might be. You know, they're a team that plays an entertaining brand of hockey. Their head coach, John Tortorella, is entertainment in and of himself, sometimes a blustery, yelling guy. So there is something scrappy about this team. And there's also something scrappy about this franchise. They've been around for a very long time, and this is the first time that they've even won three games in a playoff series.","Can they keep this going?","I think so. There's no reason that this team can't beat anybody if they can beat one of the single greatest hockey teams in the regular season that the NHL has ever seen in over a hundred years.","Greg Wyshynski is senior NHL writer for ESPN and co-host for the fantastically named Puck Soup podcast. Thank you for speaking with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Turn (1) has an example of a phrase whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. When the speaker says \"their head coach, John Tortorella, is entertainment in and of himself,\" they mean that John Tortorella is very entertaining to watch or listen to, rather than that he is a form of media or content.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of the phrase \"entertainment in and of himself\" used in the dialogue?","answer":"Entertaining"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . What role do you think Congress should be playing now?","Well, we've had this long debate - haven't we?- over the '01 and '02 AUMFs.","You mean the authorizations for use of military force?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : playing refers to as and implies engaged with or undertake ","questions":"Which debate?","answer":"AUMFs"}
{"text":["Well, some of their problems - they're doing very badly in the polls - is due to the personality of the Democratic Party leader, Matteo Renzi. He has a very sharp Tuscan wit, which, to non-Tuscans, makes him sound like an obnoxious smart aleck. And he's deeply disliked within his own party. Several members of the leftist old guard accused Renzi of being too centrist. They broke away, and that strongly weakened the party.","Under the party leadership, Italy's economy came out of a very devastating recession. And it has grown in the last five years, not as fast as its European partners. But it's done much better. And the party also passed a landmark civil rights legislation with a civil unions law for same-sex couples, despite the strong influence of the Catholic Church in politics. But, you know, the party's push for structural reforms was strongly resisted by both the right and the left. Italians are essentially conservative. They don't like change. But the populists are really pushing a vision of the past. And they're strongly skeptical of the European Union. And if they came to power, that could further destabilize the EU at a time when the bloc is already dealing with Britain's exit and growing authoritarianism in member states like Poland and Hungary.","Sylvia, thanks very much.","Thank you, Renee."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Matteo Renzi's sharp wit is perceived as obnoxious by non-Tuscans","questions":"What is one characteristic of Matteo Renzi that causes him to be disliked by some people?","answer":"Wit"}
{"text":["Now, while you are putting all of that together and getting ready to write it, you still have a - have to do your shift with the overnight with the cops, right?","Yeah. That's about once a month. And we actually get - I actually get a break when I'm covering the legislative session, which lasts two months. I actually get a break because the younger reporters - they have to pull a night cop shift at least once a week. So I consider myself lucky.","Well, you have worked there for 18 years.","Eighteen years. Yeah.","I gather that you were not planning to stick around that long, but then you did. Why?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied Meaning: You have been employed with the company for 18 years, which is a long time.","questions":"How long has PersonA been employed with the company?","answer":"18"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, there are definitely multiple factors. You know, about a decade ago, China passed their renewable energy law. They started to really grow wind and solar as the future strategic industries. And now they're the largest in the world. They install by far the most wind turbines and solar panels in the world. So they really can see that this is a future growth area, that this is something that they can export to other countries. And it has all of these environmental benefits. So of course, to them, it just makes sense to do it.","So they see jobs in green energy.","That's right. You know, there's 3 million renewable energy jobs in China. That's the most in the world. Renewable energy jobs around the world, including in the U. S. , are growing much faster than the overall job market. So there are definitely areas for growth.","At the same time, China is the world's largest coal user and producer, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : China sees renewable energy as a future economic opportunity, which can be exported and reduce environmental impact.","questions":"What does China consider renewable energy as?","answer":"Jobs"}
{"text":["Now lots of lawyers were lining up to lead the Justice Department. So why did the White House decide to go with Lynch?","First of all, she has a reputation for working well with others. She's very understated and under the radar. Another important factor for the White House I hear from sources is that she's diverse and historic. She'd be the first black woman on the job. She descends from a long line of Baptist preachers in the south. And she has a rich, rich voice and an ability to speak and communicate a message. She's also, Linda, quite noncontroversial.","So about that. What is the reaction from Republicans in the Senate?Can she be confirmed?It's kind of late in the term.","It is kind of late in the term. She's going to have a year and a half or two years to make her mark. Iowa Senator Chuck Grassley, a Republican who's in line to lead the Judiciary Committee next year, says Lynch is going to get a thorough vetting. And he's going to make sure that happens. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina, another Republican, sounded relatively positive, too, about this election. And finally, Linda, Mitch McConnell, who's going to run the Senate as majority leader starting in January, said he is willing to consider her nomination. He wants it to happen in 2015 instead of during this lame-duck session."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"She's very understated and under the radar.\" - The literal meaning is that Lynch is not attracting attention or publicity. The actual meaning is that Lynch works quietly and effectively without seeking attention.","questions":"How would you describe Lynch's approach to work?","answer":"Quiet"}
{"text":["Those are the main parts. So they're saying that when the mandate penalty goes away next January, the protections for preexisting conditions should go away as well. That's not exactly what the attorneys general were arguing, but that's what the Justice Department position is.","How might this change how individual people are covered and treated in this country?","Well, immediately, of course, it wouldn't. The Justice Department isn't asking for anything immediately. Obviously, this is a lawsuit, and it could take months or even years to work its way through the courts. But it does certainly raise the prospect of a court decision that would say there could be no more protections for people with preexisting conditions. That's one of the most popular parts of the health law.","We've been getting reports from all over the country about how health care premiums are going up. Why is that happening?Do you expect it to keep happening?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A court decision may eliminate protections for people with preexisting conditions","questions":"What prospect does the court decision raise?","answer":"prospect"}
{"text":["Well, you could say both. You know, in 2010, the parent company declared bankruptcy. There's significant debt surrounding and hanging over National Enquirer's parent company. But you can't separate this from the scandals. The Washington Post, in its reporting, claims that the hedge fund manager who's sort of controlling owner now of American Media says that he's disgusted by what he's learned. This is not really anything new for the Enquirer, but don't forget the legal trouble the Enquirer has been in. You know, it got dragged into the investigation of Michael Cohen and others. It had to, essentially, negotiate with prosecutors in order to avoid prosecution. And indeed, the Bezos scandal may raise the legal stakes once more.","I mean, we've probably all joked at the grocery store checkout stand, like, looking at the headlines - who would ever buy the National Enquirer?Well, now it's like a more serious question. Who would buy the National Enquirer?","Well, you know, in a straight world, you might say TMZ, the digital gossip site. It's hard to know. It's a damaged brand. It is a notable brand. Somebody may buy it as a plaything, or there's been speculation Jeff Bezos would want to strangle it, buy it and put it out. . .","Wow. That would be. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) implies that it is surprising that anyone would buy the National Enquirer, while ","questions":"How does PersonA describe the National Enquirer as a brand?","answer":"Surprised"}
{"text":["And those two factors - genetic variation and large populations - are perfect recipes for Darwinian evolution. So RNA viruses evolve very quickly. They adapt very quickly. If they pass from one species of host into another - for instance, from a bat, or a monkey or a rodent, into humans - they seem to have a better chance of flourishing, of adapting to the new host and finding ways to transmit onward. So the RNA viruses, the single-stranded RNA viruses, are particularly on the watch list for the disease scientists who study this field.","I'm Flora Lichtman, and this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with David Quammen about his book \"Spillover. \"Are we reservoir hosts for viruses that have caused pandemics in other animals?","Well, certainly we've caused disease. It does go the other way. It can go either direction whenever there's fairly close contact. For instance, Jane Goodall's chimps in Gombe in Tanzania, in the late '60s, suffered what seems to have been a little epidemic of polio. A number of the Gombe chimps died.","And that polio virus is thought to be non-zoonotic. It's thought to be a virus that only affects humans, but it's capable of passing from humans into chimps. So it seems to have made those chimps sick and killed some of them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : RNA viruses are a high risk for disease scientists.","questions":"Which viruses are particularly on the watch list for disease scientists?","answer":"RNA"}
{"text":["He says today's number one threat to American national security is nuclear proliferation and terrorism. His new book, \"Will Terrorists Go Nuclear?\"examines both the risks and psychology of nuclear terrorism, and says terrorists don't need to have such weapons to perpetrate nuclear terror.","Nuclear terrorism is about the very frightening possibility that terrorists could acquire and employ nuclear weapons. Nuclear terror is about the anticipation of that event. Nuclear terrorism is about terrorists' capabilities, intelligence, evidence, our assessment of the threat. Nuclear terror is about our imagination.","The history of nuclear terrorism can be briefly summarized. Fortunately there hasn't been any. Many would hasten to add yet. But nuclear terror has a rich history, and it's deeply embedded in our popular culture and our policy making circles.","One of the other things you mentioned in the book, among many, is that al-Qaeda might become the world's first terrorist nuclear power without possessing a single nuclear weapon. And I suppose the answer to that is in part what you just were describing."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement \"Will Terrorists Go Nuclear?\" implies that the book discusses more than just the possibility of terrorists using nuclear weapons to carry out attacks.","questions":"What is the name of the book that examines both the risks and psychology of nuclear terrorism, and says terrorists don't need to have such weapons to perpetrate nuclear terror?","answer":"Terrorists"}
{"text":["Well, you know, when you talk about fascists, one would think that that movement and the fascism of Mussolini - its ideas might have been buried a long time ago in Italy.","Yeah, well, theoretically, in 1945 when the dictatorship fell. But, you know, Italy was never made to come to terms with its fascist past. There were no Nuremberg trials. And many fascist bigwigs just blended back into society. Italy had a large communist movement that had been the backbone of the partisan battle against fascism. So with the start of the Cold War, the allies feared communists would take over and did not push for a defascistization (ph) of society.","So today, there are several openly fascist parties running in this election. They probably won't overcome the 3-percent threshold to get into Parliament. But they're very visible. They were very loud. And they've, you know, reawakened the political ghosts of the past. They've emboldened other populist parties to use language and make proposals that, until recently, mainstream politics would have really considered unacceptable.","What happened to the moderates, though?I mean, why hasn't the outgoing ruling party, which is center-left, been able to showcase some real achievements that it's had?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Fascist parties have emboldened populist parties to use unacceptable language.","questions":"What have fascist parties done to populist parties' language?","answer":"Emboldened"}
{"text":["Parents never want to let their kids down, but this holiday season, many parents face a sad reality. Empty wallets will mean fewer presents. So how do you talk to your kids about facing a lean holiday season?We pose that question to our regular News & Notes contributor, Judge Lynn Toler, the star of TV's \"Divorce Court. \"Hi, Lynn.","How are you, Farai?","I'm doing quite well, but there are a lot of folks who are really financially pinched. And for better or worse, we live in a society where people are often judge by things. And kids are no exception. Kids can be really cruel, if you're wearing the wrong brand of sneakers or if you're - you got a toy, but it's the generic toy as opposed to some, you know, over-priced brand name toy. Given how kids act, and given the realities of the moment, and given that gift giving is a part of the holiday season, how do you, if you're a parent, process the needs that you have to deal, with the very real bills, and to deal with the expectations of little people?","Well, I have couple of responses to that. First of all, you give the hit to the persons or the people best able to take it. We as parents - my husband and I may not exchange gifts this year. We may exchange coupons for, I'll give you a coupon for going to a crash-and-smash movie with you, I'll go to a chic movie with you. (unintelligible)"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : financially \"pinched\" implies the money situation is painful","questions":"Which word describes the financial situation in the dialogue?","answer":"Pinched"}
{"text":["Yeah. So the brain obviously is functioning at a much higher level, but we should understand that the brain alone is not causing the weight loss. The brain's metabolism is causing for different reaction to occur in your body, like increased stress, like loss of appetite, like disturbed sleep patterns. And because of all of these different factors that the brain is setting off - that is the reason they're losing weight.","I want to talk about world champion Magnus Carlsen from Norway. You learned about his training regimen. Tell me about the moment he realized that he needed a competitive edge and what he did to get it.","Yeah. So it's interesting with Magnus Carlsen - he realized early on that fixing small things, like what he drinks during the course of a game, will alter the way he functions, especially in the last hour or so of the game. And so one of the things that was really fascinating about this was when I was talking to his dad. His dad was like, oh, we went to the Olympic Training Center. And they were told immediately that the orange juice that he was drinking was causing for the sugar levels to take a huge dip in the fifth and sixth hours of game. And so they were asked to replace that with milk.","Meaning he'd have a little energy crash. So the idea is you need to keep yourself sustained with something that gives you energy but won't have the crash and that you need to do that even if you're not skiing, right. . .","Exactly. Exactly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : having an energy crash implies that a person runs out of energy all of a sudden.","questions":"How does an energy crash affect a person?","answer":"Tired"}
{"text":["How do you feel about the United States now?","It was my home, and it is my home. And it will be my home because I have nowhere else to go. If I went somewhere else, I wouldnt be alive.","Is there something you'd like the Army and the Department of Defense and everyone to know about you?","I am more patriotic than many Americans. I am ready to lay my life down for this country and for the safety of its people. Im not a bad person, and I have never committed a crime. My life is in danger if the institutions like USCIS and DOD does not help me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A needs the help of USCIS and DOD to save their life.","questions":"Which institutions does PersonA need help from to save their life?","answer":"USCIS"}
{"text":["(Reading) I pace the cell to think. I pace to relieve tension. I lightly box the walls. My knuckles have calluses on them from boxing the wall. I do pushups on my fists. I don't have deep thoughts. I'm practical. I get through the day the way I have done a thousand times. Will this be the day I break?I push that thought away. Mind over matter. I keep moving so later I can sleep sometime.","Albert Woodfox served more than 40 years in solitary confinement in Louisiana's Angola Prison for a crime he says he didn't commit - the murder of Corrections Officer Brent Miller. Mr.  Woodfox was already serving time at Angola for armed robbery and believes he and another inmate were set up because of their prison activism as members of the Black Panther Party. His conviction for Brent Miller's murder was overturned twice. Each time, the state indicted him again. He was finally set free in 2016 after a plea deal to lesser charges. Albert Woodfox says the self-discipline instilled in him by his mother helped him through those decades alone in his cell.","I spent a lot of time reading, writing - self-education. I used the time to teach myself both criminal and civil law. And we lived on what we call an organized tier along the principles of the Black Panther Party, developing unity among the other guys on the tier. We taught guys how to read and write, which, you know, I think was my greatest achievement.","Mr.  Woodfox, how often were you gassed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is in prison and has developed coping mechanisms to get through the day. He keeps himself busy and tries not to dwell on negative thoughts.","questions":"Which thought does PersonA push away?","answer":"thoughts"}
{"text":["I am.","How has that affected your feelings about gun registration and gun control?","Well, you know, I mean, I'm also a former paramedic, so I have treated lots and lots of gunshot victims and I have investigated lots and lots of gunshot victims, including homicides, obviously. So, it has a profound effect. I mean, I understand what we're really talking about in the literal sense. I've been shot at. I get the trauma of all that. This isn't an academic exercise for me.","And that leads you to conclude what about guns?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A: Well, you know, I mean, I'm also a former paramedic, so I have treated lots and lots of gunshot victims and I have investigated lots and lots of gunshot victims, including homicides, obviously. So, it has a profound effect. I mean, I understand what we're really talking about in the literal sense. I've been shot at. I get the trauma of all that. This isn't an academic exercise for me.","questions":"How has PersonA's past experiences influenced their perspective on gun control?","answer":"Profound"}
{"text":["In diapers, exactly. But the London police haven't quite given the final say-so on that yet. But, you know, there will be a lot of protests. That may upset the president. It's controversial, but the government insists, and the diplomats insist, that he's a vital part of nurturing a special relationship, which they insist is very good for the U. K.","Because he's not only going, he's getting literally the royal treatment.","Yeah. I mean, this is as good as it gets if you're a head of state coming to the U. K. It is bells and whistles. It's pomp and circumstance. It's a banquet at Buckingham Palace, although that seems to be being boycotted by Meghan Markle, the Duchess of Sussex, also by Jeremy Corbyn, the leader of the - of Her Majesty's Opposition, and Vince Cable, the leader of the Liberal Democrats.","But I don't think that's going to take the gloss off it too much for Donald Trump. He's someone who has made it very clear this is what he wants, and we're expecting him to look like he's lapping it up."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Lapping it up means that he is enjoying everything very much.","questions":"Which phrase describes how Donald Trump is expected to react to the royal treatment?","answer":"Lapping"}
{"text":["What were some of the challenging parts of school?What did you find the hardest?","Reading, studying my lessons. You know, because I had to read more, you know, and because, you know, as you get older, your short-term memory sort of fails you once in a while. So to make sure that you got the material where you could reproduce it, you had to study a little harder and do a little more research.","So tell me what graduation day was like?","Oh, the best day of my life, I guess. Life doesn't get any better. Life doesn't get any better. With my family there, all my friends cheering me on, I felt like I was 16 years old. What a day. What a day. I was happy. Everybody was pleased. They gave me a good ovation. I really enjoyed it. I really did. I cannot explain to you in words my feelings."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The speaker wants to know about the experience of graduating from school and what it felt like for the person they are talking to.","questions":"How did the speaker want to know about the experience of the person graduating?","answer":"Experience"}
{"text":["UNIDENTIFIED REPORTER #3: Mass squadrons of bombers and transports led the way, more than 11,000 planes spearheading the attack. Paratroopers landed in Normandy behind the coastal defenses.","You're standing up as we hit the coast, and you're ready to go. And finally, you wait for the green light. Green light comes, and it's like a slingshot out the door.","Were you scared?","Never thought about. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Describing the experience of jumping out of a plane in a positive light","questions":"Which feeling did the speaker associate with the green light?","answer":"Readiness"}
{"text":["It's something that I think I've kind of really kind of gotten used to it over the years. But back when we really started taken off, it would be really strange to walk into a room with 20,000 people and you were the only African-American person in the room. I mean that happened a lot. And it's one of the things where I really had to come to grips with it.","I mean, I chose this life. I chose this job. This is what I wanted to do and, you know, I just - now it's no big deal, it's just the way it is. I love my job and I'm not going to change my job. So that just comes with the territory.","There's so many, what I call racial sharing moments going on right now and we, you know, we take them seriously, but we can also laugh at them. But sometimes have you ever felt that people ask you to be their guide into some greater understanding of blackness?","Oh, absolutely. You know, I've been playing Hootie & the Blowfish for 23 years, and we, you know, we've been doing' it. And I think my friends use me as a - like you said, as a vehicle to experience - and I know a lot of people that probably when they met me were pretty racist people, that are now really good friends of mine."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Some people expect the speaker to provide insights into black culture and use him as an example to improve their understanding of it.","questions":"Which moments are going on right now that some people take seriously and laugh at, but also expect the speaker to be their guide into some greater understanding of blackness?","answer":"Moments"}
{"text":["Well, some people put onion in. Others say no. Some people put a dash of white wine in. Others say you couldn't possibly do that.","Oh, this is a foodie controversy, not a controversy controversy.","Oh, yeah, it's a foodie controversy, and it truly, in this case, it's not that important.","(Laughter) I understand there's a social media campaign going on now in the food world to support relief following the earthquake."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that the conversation has changed from discussing the recipe to talking about the social media campaign for relief following the earthquake.","questions":"What is the topic of the social media campaign mentioned by PersonB in turn 3?","answer":"relief"}
{"text":["And there is a desperate need both for international humanitarian law to be observed in the conduct of the war to protect civilians but also for a move towards political negotiations and a political settlement, because it is now nearly two years since I sat at the United Nations with foreign ministers from the Gulf States who said they wanted a political settlement then. But it is no closer, and the bombing has undoubtedly deepened the divide inside Yemen and made it far harder to bring peace.","And this is the conduct of the war by Saudi Arabia?","The Saudi-led coalition has air power. The Houthis, who are an Iranian-backed rebel group, are on the ground. It's not the job of these humanitarians to take sides in the conflict. We don't take sides in the conflict. What we do is call out the abuse of international humanitarian law on all sides. And the striking thing about the Yemen conflict and the three other countries that are in danger of famine in Africa - in Somalia, in South Sudan that we've talked about, north and northeast Nigeria - these are man-made famine.","Mr.  Miliband, you've been a politician. How do you sustain interest in problems that are very remote from the lives of everyday Americans?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B: \"How do you sustain interest in problems that are very remote from the lives of everyday Americans?\" - This implies that the problems being discussed are not limited to Yemen or other specific countries, but rather can affect people globally, and that Americans should care about them despite their distance.","questions":"How does turn 3 suggest that the discussed problems should be perceived by Americans?","answer":"Global"}
{"text":["From what we can tell, they've donated from - I think it was over a hundred countries in terms of geography. It just sort of struck a nerve across the world.","Why do you think that is?","I think a big part of it was that Tesla as a man is sort of someone that a lot of people, maybe, sympathized with because he's kind of a geek at heart. He's sort of this unsung hero, and he did all of these wonderful things for us and didn't really get much credit during his career. So with this sort of crowd funding campaign, it was almost an opportunity for the world to make it up to him.","What drew you to getting involved?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Many people sympathize with Tesla and want to support him.","questions":"What was the reason behind the crowd funding campaign for Tesla?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["They are, yes, they're getting longer. Yeah, the Earth's spinning down. And this actually goes back to George Darwin's original idea that the Earth could have been spinning really fast because being the son of Charles Darwin, he was familiar with the fossil record, and there were these puzzles when you looked at certain fossils that should have little layers accreted on the - you know, I think it was corals every day.","You know, go deep back into the fossil record, and you start to see 400 layers accreted per year instead of 365. And so there was this evidence that there were more days per year, which indicates that the days were shorter. And so our days are lengthening, the months are lengthening. There's nothing you can do about it.","I think that's a great place to call it. Thank you, Dr.  Asphaug, for coming and joining us on the show.","Oh, you're most welcome, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Earth's days are getting longer due to the planet spinning slower and there were more days per year in the past based on fossil record evidence.","questions":"How is the Earth's rotation changing?","answer":"Slower"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","So. . .","So I take it you don't like it.","I think it's kind of a joke. I think it has nothing to do with Wall Street.","Well, bullish markets - that sort of thing - yeah?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The implied meaning of this turn is that B is suggesting that the joke is related to Wall Street, such as the stock market and other financial activities.","questions":"How is the joke related to?","answer":"Wall-Street"}
{"text":["That Sean Combs did. Were you guys benefiting from that?Was your family - was your son actually able to get some of the money that came out of that project?","Excuse me. Well that was actually the only reason that I decided to do the record with Paul, because this was still at a time when I was - I just kind of shut everything down. I have been working on my second album prior to B. I. G. 's death.","And I didn't go back in the studio, until he called me and asked me to do this record. And the one line that, you know, that caught - got me and hooked me was all the money is going to go to the kids. All the royalties will go to CJ and Siana(ph). So yes, they do have trusts set up where the royalties from that song go into that trust. . . TEXT: CHIDEYA: What is the thing that you're most proud of, that you've done as a writer and a recording artist?","Mm. Most proud?Wow. I think that I'm proud of the fact that I didn't even really - you know, when I actually got my record deal with Bad Boy, Puff heard me sing one line, and I wasn't there in any capacity of auditioning or anything. I was just the baby's mama in the lounge, and my opportunity came."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker agreed to do the record for the money, not for personal reasons.","questions":"How did the speaker decide to do the record?","answer":"Money"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Jason, there's still no power on much of the island, which is astounding. It's five weeks now. What is it like?What have you seen to undertake a recovery from a hurricane when you still don't have power?","And part of what is crazy is it's not just Hurricane Maria. Hurricane Irma came through here two weeks before that. So there's some people who've been almost two months without power. But people are making an effort. They're out there. I see people, you know, cleaning up by hand. People are out there with hand tools trying to, you know, cut 2-by-4's to rebuild things when, you know, they don't have power tools. You've got people who are living in high-rises. It's kind of amazing sometimes walking around at night here in San Juan. You got these tall buildings. And you'll just see some candles flickering in the - and that's the only light in this entire high-rise.","I went out last night, actually, to try to catch some of the World Series. And some of the bars are starting to reopen. But everywhere that you go, the only power that people have is running off of generators or running off of some solar power. You really do not see people getting much power from the grid."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Jason is frustrated and surprised by the length of time it is taking to restore power after the hurricane.","questions":"How is Jason feeling about the length of time it is taking to restore power after the hurricane?","answer":"Frustrated"}
{"text":["It must be an interesting history to this whole steganography idea.","Yeah, people certainly have been playing around with this for, you know, thousands of years. And people have been sneaking messages in lots of different things. I mean, personally I was kind of inspired by an Edgar Allan Poe short story, \"The Purloined Letter,\" and that's when I started to think about how you could do it mathematically.","But, you know, people have been, you know, taking this approach for a long time.","I notice that you might be able to - I think the Romans shipped apparent black wax tablets, and then you scrape off the wax, something's in there."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies that people have been hiding secret messages within a seemingly innocuous message, image, or other file in a way that is not apparent to anyone who is not the intended recipient for ages.","questions":"Which approach did people take for a long time?","answer":"Mathematical"}
{"text":["Hi, Ira, how are you?","Hi there. So Curiosity took its first little wheels, it rocked, and it rolled today, or this week, rolling around.","It did. Yeah, it did. A couple days ago we drove backwards and forwards both, just to test out that the wheels, the motors would work and that the wheels were all in good shape. And so it was our first tracks on Mars, so to speak.","And what was the purpose of its first laser beam?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"rocked and rolled\" implies that the Curiosity rover, which is a robotic vehicle sent to Mars by NASA was able to navigate uneven terrain.","questions":"How did Curiosity demonstrate its ability to navigate uneven terrain?","answer":"mars"}
{"text":["Yeah, well, when I was a young, little Muppet baby version of myself, you know, I mean - I guess people were right in that I was kind of a punk kid. I was anti-everything. I was anti-capitalist, first of all. I just don't have a lot of respect for profit motive. So as an artist, you know, I had a hard time. You know, when I was living hand to mouth, you know, my first manager - as a teenager, you know - tell people you have tapes for sale. Like, no, no.","(Laughter) You didn't even want to do that.","I just feel like a jerk. I didn't want to. I couldn't do it. I couldn't do it.","What I loved about the book was that I didn't come away with an impression that you suffered from self-doubt. You kind of always knew that it just didn't matter how hard it was, you were just - this was your thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Muppet baby version of myself implies being naive and innocent or having little or no knowledge ","questions":"What was PersonA's attitude towards profit motive as an artist?","answer":"Rebellious"}
{"text":["Sure, end-to-end encryption means that whether it's a phone call we're on or an email message we're sending or any form of electronic communication, that the content of that communication is encrypted from your device, such as your phone or PC, unto the other person's device at the other side, wherever they might be on the planet Earth. So end-to-end encryption, keeps things encrypted and that means that law enforcement, without a warrant, cannot read that information","They can't intercept or break into. . .","Correct. Now, with a warrant, they can always go to the information service provider and attempt to get that information. But even then, they may not be able to because the party selling the encryption services may be a third party and may not even know who the parties are that are communicating.","So what is the argument that tech companies make about the feasibility of designing technology that would satisfy everyone's concerns?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied Meaning: Even with a warrant, law enforcement may not be able to get the information they are looking for because the encryption service provider may not even know who the parties are that are communicating. ","questions":"What may be a potential obstacle for law enforcement to obtain information even with a warrant?","answer":"Encryption"}
{"text":["And I saw that with just kids I knew at public school that were gifted. A lot of them struggled as they got older because they've been told they were smart. And so when they failed, they felt let down, they felt confused, and they blamed themselves.","So I think you see that on a much grander level with a child star where they get this level of fame and success and they think that that's going to last forever because they get used to it. And as they get older it's taken away from them, and they're not sure who to blame. And they don't know how to do anything for themselves.","And almost inevitably taken away from them by a disease called adolescence.","Yes, exactly. I mean I think that child stars are - they're used, in a way, to - their cuteness is used. And a lot of child actors - I mean people often ask me, they say why were you in so many kids' movies. And one was that my mother and father believed that there weren't enough good kids' movies out there. Now, I wasn't always in the best kids' movies, but they thought that that was important. And another thing is that there can really only be so many \"To Kill A Mockingbirds\" out there."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The kids were smarter than the other kids in their class.","questions":"What did the kids feel when they failed?","answer":"Confused"}
{"text":["You can point to the same thing in income, in housing, across the board. And if we're not investing very specifically to deal with that, we can continue to expect to see these inequalities to persist.","You are also arguing for a constitutional amendment that would ban the death penalty.","That's right.","Why is this part of a plan to empower black America?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Advocating for the abolition of the death penalty can empower black America","questions":"What can empower black America?","answer":"Abolition"}
{"text":["Thank you.","You introduced your own proposal based on an idea that you've called unilateral disarmament. Can you explain that?And I'm assuming it doesn't have anything to do with guns.","No, absolutely not. Democrats have used the term unilateral disarmament when it comes to redistricting a number of times. It seems more often than not that it's Democrats taking the mantle of reform and Republicans not following suit. And so I have proposed a bill - and I will be proposing it again this year - for a two-state compact between us and Virginia.","Maryland does have some issues with redistricting that we do need to solve, and we do want to put it to a truly independent commission to be able to draw those lines. But Virginia has the same problems in the opposite direction. And I think if you look across the map, I think there are more states that have a Republican redistricting problem than a Democratic one. And so my bill, in addition to creating an independent commission, also requires that before we implement, Virginia does, as well.","So basically, everyone has to drop their arms at the same time. I want to get to the crux of the matter, though. Let's talk about Maryland. Democrats have a huge advantage in the state, and they hold seven of the state's eight seats in Congress. Is that good for the people of your state?Can it really show their will?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Democrats are usually in favor of reform while Republicans are not.","questions":"Which party is more likely to oppose redistricting reform according to turn 2?","answer":"Republicans"}
{"text":["Could you cite a single example of bias?","Sure. Andrew Weissman, the No. 2 member of the Mueller probe, attended the Hillary Clinton election night party. You would think with all the talented prosecutors to be asked throughout the federal system, we could likely assemble a team without having to pick the people who were engaged in the 2016 election to the extent that they would be at one of the candidates' election night parties.","Well, I mean - A, I don't know that; B, so he attended a party - I mean, public officials, like reporters - for example, I think in many ways, like representatives in Congress, who are supposed to be capable of independent and unbiased judgment when it comes to doing their jobs.","But members of Congress don't end up prosecuting people. And, you know, when you're dealing with a prosecution and potentially, you know, here, with the president the United States being investigated, I would think that you would want to avoid even the appearance of bias. And here, the bias seems to be significant. It's also laid out in the text messages between Peter Strzok and Lisa Page."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning is that Andrew Weissman's involvement in the Mueller probe creates an appearance of bias, regardless of his actual objectivity.","questions":"What is the name of the person who attended the Hillary Clinton election night party?","answer":"Andrew"}
{"text":["And with a big picture on how Americans are voting on this long awaited day. We've got NPR's senior Washington editor, Ron Elving. Hey, Ron.","Hey, good to be with you, Farai.","Well, Senators Obama and John McCain cast their ballots in their home states today. So what kind of turnout are we seeing?","Big. Now we always say the turnout looks like it's heavy, and usually it turns out not to be so great. So take this with a grain of salt, but the anecdotal indicators are that we are seeing a lot of turnout, and let's remember that we've already had a big turnout election just in terms of how many people came out and voted early. More than we've ever seen before and by leaps and bounds. So when we put it all together, I think that most of the experts do expect that we will have at least 130 million American's votes cast this fall either early or today, and that that will be a new record by about eight million."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : the big picture means the main idea, or what the whole truth is","questions":"Which term did PersonA use to caution against trusting the turnout numbers?","answer":"Grain"}
{"text":["Well, I've said for a long time that I think the president needs an assistant to the president for Twitter control. And once again, we have an example of why you would want that. In this case though, I have to say, when I first read the tweet, you know, you're just shocked. I was shocked at the the mayor's speech last night begging for help and saying that people were dying. That was heartbreaking to hear. But this feels to me like it fits in a theme that he has had for a while starting with his inaugural, which is to side on the side of the forgotten people. In this case, he names the military, the first responders and the aid workers.","Yeah. But nobody feels more forgotten than the people of Puerto Rico.","And - yeah. I was gonna say, and the people of Puerto Rico - versus what he sees as the elite, which would be the mayor and questioning the mayor's poor leadership ability - can't get workers to help, was told to be nasty to Donald Trump is in the tweet also. And this fits with his M. O. of going against the elites. And this fits with the rest of the news this week as well. I'm not surprised.","Is the Trump administration failing Puerto Rico now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is implying that the people of Puerto Rico feel forgotten and neglected by the Trump administration.","questions":"How do the people of Puerto Rico feel regarding the Trump administration's response?","answer":"Neglected"}
{"text":["I can imagine someone being stunned for a moment by being struck by an object, especially at a high speed like that. But I don't understand that because if there was over a minute when the throttle was advanced farther than it should've been and - you know, things happen when you're an engineer. You should be used to them. So I - it doesn't really seem to me like that's a probable cause, but we'll have to wait and see.","I don't have to tell you, Mr.  Hughes, that the crash and the deaths of eight people have set off a debate - those who say the derailment says Amtrak needs more money, others who say Amtrak isn't - is wasting a lot of the money that it gets. Recognizing there are no guarantees, would greater government funding have perhaps meant this derailment wouldn't happen?","It might have. The thing that is important here is Amtrak doesn't have any discretionary money. Every penny they get goes into something that's really important, especially capital money like this. And so I would think that money played some part in it in that when Amtrak has to do large projects, they have to space them out in smaller parts over multiple years. And I don't know the facts in this case, but I do know that that is true with a number of large capital projects. You just can't do them quickly 'cause the funding isn't there.","When you were in charge, Mr.  Hughes, did you find it hard to get funding for Amtrak, a lot of skepticism and doubt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Did you find it difficult to convince people to give Amtrak the necessary funding it needed?","questions":"What was the debate triggered by the crash and the deaths of eight people?","answer":"Amtrak's"}
{"text":["Have they created new numbers?I mean, what kind of mystery can there be about this when, as far as I'm concerned, I thought all the numbers had already been assigned.","Ah. But it's like gossiping about your friends. It's not the fact that you have the friends, it's things you learn about them that you didn't know and you think, wow, have they been doing this all that time?","I'm surprised you have any friends after that, but go ahead.","I'm losing them as I speak, I realize that. What was really exciting about this was until, I think it was maybe April or May of this year, nobody had been able to prove that there were infinitely many of these pairs. And the question's been around for - in a sense, it's been around for thousands of years. It's been looked at in detail for 100 years. No one really came close to proving it. But then in May, this adjunct faculty member at the University of New Hampshire got pretty close by mathematical standards."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"What was really exciting about this was until, I think it was maybe April or May of this year, nobody had been able to prove that there were infinitely many of these pairs.\"","questions":"Which month did someone get close to proving that there were infinitely many pairs?","answer":"May"}
{"text":["That's a long drive.","It is. Yeah. Two days.","So was there poker - what happens in those buses on that long trip?","You know, I'm afraid to tell you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The drive is tiring and they may not want to make it.","questions":"Which emotion does turn 3 imply?","answer":"Fear"}
{"text":["Now I'm more self-assured, and - but the thing now, which is funny, is that my kids sort of act the way parents, I think, act for most people, you know, when they're teenagers, that I sneak around dating under the noses of my kids. So when they're asleep in the other room, I can have a date and close the door and, you know, not have them know about it.","Have you ever been busted?","No. That's what I have locks on the doors. I'm very good about that.","One time when we were - you know, when I was engaged after the divorce, and I remember one night, the next morning my son said something like, you know, were you hurt last night?Something about the noises he heard the night before, and that was horrifying."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Something about the noises he heard the night before, and that was horrifying.\" - The literal meaning is that the son heard noises the night before, which were scary or upsetting. However, the actual meaning is that the son may have overheard the person having sexual activity, which was embarrassing and uncomfortable for the person to hear.","questions":"What was horrifying for the person in the dialogue?","answer":"Noises"}
{"text":["Well, he had his archenemy, a man by the name of Julian, who he claimed had tricked him out of this magical cheese that he had made. And so I eventually got around to visiting with Julian and found myself being able to slowly release myself from Ambrosio to tell it.","You took your kids to Guzman a couple of times, and so they also got to know the place and Molinos' family, right?","Yeah. Those are some of the best memories of having done this book. I was in love with our children being young and living forever, and I knew the minute I broke the spell, time would start again. The minute you put an ending on a story, you have to walk out into real life, and, you know, that's where you feel the real losses, and I think that I was probably hiding from that a little bit, too.","Did writing this book, meeting this man, spending time in this place, change you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : :while (4) implies that the speaker was asking if the experience changed the speaker in some way.","questions":"What turn implies that PersonB asked if the experience changed A?","answer":"4"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely. Liberia is absolutely ripe for tourism from the standpoint of eco-tourism. It's a beautiful country. It has a huge long coastline. It's right on the equator, so it's very lush and green. And that's why we're on the beach as well, to give that feeling of a vacation as well as the tourism opportunity.","What about security?What measures are you taking?","Well, more and more every day, Liberia, including downtown Monrovia and the countryside, is becoming more and more secure as President Sirleaf begins to rebuild the infrastructure. But as far as the hotel, the hotel is a walled-off facility with security guards and one place that people can absolutely feel secure. I have no doubt that people in this property will feel secure, whether they're in their room or whether they take a stroll from their room out to the beach pool or the beach bar. It's a property that will be very attractive, and people can go there confident that they and their property will be secure.","President Sirleaf is expected to host some of the first guests who come to the hotel. And what's your relationship like with her?It seems as if you've cultivated a really good relationship that has allowed you and inspired you to do this project."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A good relationship with President Sirleaf helped inspire the project","questions":"Which person's relationship with President Sirleaf inspired the project?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Yeah?",". . . Is this important, really, at the end of the day?Or is this all a distraction?","Well, in a lot of ways, this is a distraction from the larger issue, which is the Russia investigation and the concern that Russia's been influencing our elections, right?But in the one side, who was involved or who did what with whom?The real problem is that Russia is attacking our body politics. And we have to come together as Republicans, Democrats and really fight back against that problem because we've got by-elections coming up here in 2018.","Jamil Jaffer is the founder of the National Security Institute. Thank you very much for joining us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The identity of the person involved in the Russia investigation is less important than the fact that Russia is attacking the body politics and needs to be fought against.","questions":"Which issue needs to be fought against?","answer":"Russia"}
{"text":["Well, I think so. Among Republicans here in Utah, there are a variety of different flavors of Republicanism. And I think there are non-Mormon Republicans in the state who expressed concern about his readiness for office and some of the other statements that he made, in the same way that many other Republicans around the country have expressed concern.","At the same time, Hillary Clinton, the Democratic nominee, seems to have made a real specific and concrete direct appeal to Utah voters, hasn't she?","I think that's right. She published an op-ed in The Deseret News referencing LDS Church history and talking in ways that would have resonated with many Mormons or at least the language would resonate. Whether or not people who have come to some judgments, rightly or wrongly, about Hillary Clinton will ultimately be swayed by that is another question. But there's no question that Hillary Clinton or her campaign are reaching out to Mormons in a way that is different from what we've seen from Democratic candidates in the past.","Any sign of increased support or at least interest in third-party candidates?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Please read the examples above carefully!\" - Implied meaning: Pay attention to the examples given before continuing.","questions":"What is the statement in turn 1?","answer":"Please"}
{"text":["My pleasure.","So take us back to 2001 when the Enron scandal broke. What had the company hidden, and how did it come to light?","The company has hidden the fact that it was making up most of its earnings, and rather than having solid profits as it reported, it was actually losing money. And the way this came to light was that some people with the Wall Street Journal had trouble understanding what the company was doing - started raising questions about it. And then the Securities and Exchange Commission, which I suspect reads the Wall Street Journal very closely, began looking into it, and then the whole thing just sort of blew off and exploded.","There are a few names that we remember from this case. Give me an example of a couple of the folks who - a lot of folks said that the hubris was amazing, not, you know, when people were finally identified. So who were some of the key players in this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He is asking for a historical recap, not literal time travel","questions":"How did the Enron scandal come to light?","answer":"Questions"}
{"text":["Exactly. And so this is how you get this agency in the middle of this fight with its current director leaving and trying to set something up to protect it on his way out the door.","So why is this complicated?Because directors leave agencies all the time and acting directors come in through clear lines of succession and then ultimately somebody else might be appointed. What's going on here?","Yeah. So Richard Cordray, the Obama-era appointee, was basically trying to protect the agency. And written into its founding document - written into the Dodd-Frank law - it says that when there's a vacancy, the deputy director becomes the acting director. So Cordray named Leandra English, who had been his chief of staff, to be the deputy director as he was walking out the door. Then, a few hours later, the White House announced that the president had picked Mick Mulvaney to be the acting director. He's the White House budget director, also an outspoken critic of CFPB - basically, saying at one point along the way that he thought it should be shut down.","Now the White House says the law's on their side."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies that something else is going on behind the scenes that is not typical of director changes, (3) implies that the Obama-era appointee was trying to protect the agency in an unconventional way, and (4) implies that the White House is attempting to justify their side of the argument by citing the law.","questions":"How was Leandra English appointed as the deputy director of CFPB?","answer":"Leandra"}
{"text":["You were screamed at in Duluth?Could you tell us these stories?","I think the man in Braddock, PA was a case in point. I was photographing the original Carnegie Library, the very first one. And it was, you know, quite an amazing experience for me. The interior Carnegie had produced was quite magnificent, and it had a swimming pool and a basketball court and, you know, as well as all the books. And then I went outside to photograph the exterior. And the entire project I did with a large-format 4-by-5 camera, so it's - I have to be under a dark cloth to focus the camera.","And the - at one point, while I was focusing, a hand reached in and tried to grab the camera. And I pushed it away and came out from under the dark cloth and was punched very strongly in the jaw. This man had thought I had photographed him. You know, he obviously was out of his mind. He had - who knows what his problem was - but the homeless population is something that librarians have to deal with in the libraries. It's not something they're necessarily trained to do. It's just an added thing. And I - you can't blame the libraries. It's - where do people go if they're on the streets?","The Northeastern Nevada Regional Bookmobile, as the name implies, that's a library on wheels."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Is the Northeastern Nevada Regional Bookmobile a library service that provides books to people in remote areas?","questions":"What type of service is the Northeastern Nevada Regional Bookmobile?","answer":"Bookmobile"}
{"text":["Let's start with the AP style guide - maybe I should say the Associated Press style guide because we're going to be talking about abbreviations. Those sometimes present decisions, right?Do we always need the say Internal Revenue Service on first reference?Doesn't everybody kind of know the UN or FBI by its initials, or NPR for that matter?So AP has now ruled about BLT.","They have. We can say BLT on first reference. Now I should start out by saying that NPR - we have our own standards and styles, but we usually are in line with AP's. In this case, I found a reference going back, at least to 2002 by someone named Scott Simon. . .","(Laughter) Oh, no.",". . . Who referred to a BLT as a BLT without saying bacon, lettuce and tomato.","I bring this up though because, as I don't have to tell you of all people, Mark, there are initials that have entered everyday language because they're abbreviations for profanities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"referred to a BLT as a BLT without saying bacon, lettuce and tomato\" - The literal meaning is that the person referred to a BLT sandwich without mentioning its components, which is also the actual meaning.","questions":"What did Scott Simon call a BLT without mentioning its components?","answer":"BLT"}
{"text":["So there were a couple of feuds on the blog this week. Break them down for us.","Well, I'll start with the more-amusing one: Aretha Franklin versus Beyonce and Beyonce's dad. So flash back to last week's Grammys. Beyonce introduced her duet partner, Tina Turner, as the queen. Aretha Franklin, the reigning Queen of Soul, was none too pleased and released a statement saying it was a cheap shot for controversy. Beyonce's dad\/manager responded, saying Franklin's statement was ridiculous.","Now, most people on our blog seem to agree. C.  Cody(ph) wrote: Re-re(ph) should have exercised her right to remain queen by remaining silent; and Willis Page(ph) had his own beef with Ms.  Franklin. He wrote: I've had tickets to see Aretha Franklin three times, and three times she has cancelled in different cities. How about being mad at the title of Queen of No-shows?","And then the other big feud this week was between Tavis Smiley and Michelle Obama. Journalist Tavis Smiley invited Barack Obama to speak at his annual State of the Black Union. Obama declined, saying he had to campaign, but he offered to send his wife, Michelle, in his place. Tavis Smiley essentially said no thanks."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Tavis Smiley declined Michelle Obama's offer to speak at his event in place of Barack Obama.","questions":"Which feud did Willis Page have a problem with on the blog?","answer":"Franklin"}
{"text":["What does it mean to put your hat in someone's ring?Does it mean that you are, for example, trying to lead your constituents that you're trying to lead other people, who are a part of the Congressional Black Caucus or part of Congress?What exactly does you putting your chips on the table mean?","For the past 20-something years, I have been putting out a sample ballot. And if people don't get it at the time that they think they should, my office is inundated with calls. You know, through the media, through your sample ballot operation, I let people know what's on my mind. And I try and let them know why I'm doing what I'm doing and then they make their decision.","Congresswoman, I've had a chance to come to your offices in South Los Angeles and you have a multi-racial coalition of staffers - black, white, Asian\u2026","That's right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In turn (1), the speaker is asking for clarification on the meaning of the phrase \"put your hat in someone's ring.\" The literal meaning of the turn is that the speaker is asking for a definition of the phrase. However, the implied meaning of the turn is that the speaker is curious about the context in which the phrase is used and wants to understand the implications and nuances of its usage. The turn implies that the speaker is interested in the social and political dynamics that underlie the phrase and wants to gain a deeper understanding of its meaning beyond a simple definition.","questions":"Which turn reveals the PersonA's interest in understanding the social and political implications of the phrase \"put your hat in someone's ring\"?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["This was during the Gilded Age, and this - you know, the original 1-percenters in this country. They wanted - especially Western Pennsylvania - I mean, steel moved this country. Steel helped build this country in the industrial age. And that steel was in Western Pennsylvania and throughout Pennsylvania - and the titans of steel and of coal and railroads. And they wanted a club that their compatriots had out West. And so they created the South Fork Hunt and Fish Club. And they wanted to be able to go out boating and fishing. And so they're in the Conemaugh Valley. They dammed up a river, created an earthen dam. But it was not well prepared. And the people were concerned about it. And they said this dam could fail. And if this dam fails, it would be catastrophic.","There was a lot of rain, wasn't there?","I mean, we talk about rain of biblical proportions. I mean, it was more than a foot of rain. But the problem was in the engineering of the dam. There was no way to - on a methodical basis - to be able to release water. The water just kept coming over the spillway and eroding the face of the dam, which was holding in all the rock and stone. And that gave way. Within 40 minutes, 20 million tons of water was emptied and heading down the Conemaugh Valley at about 40 to 50 miles per hour.","And as the water threatened to burst through - of course, in those days, no radio, no TV, no Twitter."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : they mention detailed miles and tons of water","questions":"How many tons of water were emptied within 40 minutes?","answer":"20million"}
{"text":["Did you get an answer?","We did not. I guess - I suppose an answer in sort we're saying why; we don't know when it's going to be released. And then as we dug into it further, the answer that we really got was it was a White House decision.","You're hearing this from who - from - when you're reaching out to the Pentagon, they're telling you - ask the White House?","Correct. Yes."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They asked more questions to find out the answer and got one.","questions":"How did they finally obtain the answer?","answer":"Ask"}
{"text":["You know there are some including the West Point history professor, Lieutenant Colonel John Gentile, who say that it's not so much that we've sent in these extra troops or changed our strategy, it's that we got Muqtada al-Sadr's forces to have a ceasefire and we essentially hired 100,000 former Sunni insurgents to come onto our payroll and try to keep quiet.","That's an absolute distortion of what's actually happened. Look, I've been going to Iraq for the last two years, every three or four months for a couple of weeks at a time. I have spoken to the Sunni insurgent leaders and they have capitulated. There's not a white flag of surrender, but they have come into the political process.","Why did you come into the political process?Why didn't you continue to seek your political objectives using armed violence?Answer, because we couldn't win. One of them said, when Bush occupied Baghdad, we knew we didn't have a chance. Those are his words not mine. The awakening movement had already started in Anbar province, but the fact of the matter is with the catalyst of additional troops, that awakening movement, as you say, the Sons of Iraq.","This is the people we hired to."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Iraqi Sunni insurgents have given up their struggle against the US-led government, and have accepted its terms for peace.","questions":"Which group has accepted the US-led government's terms for peace?","answer":"Sunni"}
{"text":["UNESCO must have known in July when they declared the old city in Hebron a Palestinian world heritage site that Israel would object because they say that Judaism has a lot of links to Hebron and that this would create problems in the United States.","One should make a difference. In UNESCO, there are different bodies. So when you say UNESCO took a decision, I think the more precise will be to say that the World Heritage Committee took a decision. But on my side, I have done many - implement many initiatives to strengthen the - our ties with the Jewish people. I think if you look at the bigger picture, you will find also these important activities of the organization that I think makes it a little bit more complex just to be one-sided when when you judge us.","Well, I mean - I wasn't asking if you or UNESCO were anti-Semitic. I was asking if you didn't realize in July when the Heritage Site committee made the declaration.","Well, I personally realized it. But as I said, I'm not taking these decisions to the World Heritage Committee. But I did realize it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the speaker is implying that they personally realized the potential consequences of the decision when it was made, even though they are not part of the decision-making process.","questions":"How was the speaker involved in the decision-making process?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Four-hundred-fifty advisers - a good step, enough?","It's OK as far as it goes. It's clearly not enough. We already have about 3,100 Americans there. And ISIS has momentum, and this is not going to change that, I think.","Congressman, what do you say to, I think, a lot of Americans, including some Republicans who might be listening to this interview, who say America doesn't have a good history of sending troops to Iraq?And they're worried about sending any more.","Yeah, I worry about that, too. Clearly, the preferred option is for the Iraqis themselves to provide security for their own country. They have not been very successful at doing that so far. And so we've sent folks back into Iraq after having left there prematurely, in my view. But when we send them back, we only allow them to train Iraqis inside the bases. We do not allow the advisers to go out into the field with them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies that Americans are skeptical about sending more troops to Iraq due to the country's previous history with military involvement in Iraq.","questions":"How do Americans feel about sending more troops to Iraq based on their past history?","answer":"Skeptical"}
{"text":["Some analysts call the decision a compromise rather than a punt, but the ruling leaves open many questions about what's next for affirmative action. We're joined now, as we often are, by David Savage, Supreme Court correspondent for the Los Angeles Times and Chicago Tribune newspapers. He joins us by phone from his office here in Washington. David, always good to have you with us.","Hi Neal.","Waiting a long time for this decision on a case the justices seemed to have picked to issue a sweeping ruling on affirmative action.","Yes, this is one that the most surprising aspect of it is what they didn't do. When this case came up for argument in October, it sure looked like the case that the conservatives had wanted to basically say no to affirmative action. Five of them are very familiar with this subject and have in the past been very skeptical of the idea of using race."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The decision was not something that was given up by one side.","questions":"How was the decision described by some analysts?","answer":"compromise"}
{"text":["Yeah.","(Reading) Bridgette McNeal, the Atlanta mother of four, has been on Second Life for just over a decade. Though Bridgette is middle-aged, her avatar is a lithe twenty-something whom she describes as perfect me, if I'd never eaten sugar or had children. When we spoke, Bridgette described her Second Life home as a refuge that grants permission. When I step into that space, I'm afforded the luxury of being selfish, she said, invoking Virginia Woolf. It's like a room of my own.","I mean, there are so many reasons to love this woman. Her real everyday life is so difficult. She's raising two disabled children. What did you feel when you talked to Bridgette McNeal?","I felt so much. The idea of constructing these online selves that we prefer in certain ways to our real selves is really relevant to so many people. And for Bridgette, I was fascinated by her daily life. She's raising four kids, two of whom are autistic teenagers, and there's a lot of joy and meaning in those relationships and also a lot of hard work."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : She began to act like and say things like the author, Virginia Woolf.","questions":"What author did Bridgette McNeal invoke when describing her Second Life home as a refuge that grants permission?","answer":"woolf"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . Of having people close who actually are talking to each other. . .","Yeah.",". . . Which is - like, when I was little, I thought they were very best friends. Then I got older and I'm like, oh, they just - they get along. But like. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A is reflecting on the nature of relationships between people close to each other.","questions":"What is PersonA's perspective on relationships?","answer":"Reflective"}
{"text":["That's true. And people who are addicted to it are too scared to death to tell anybody, because they're going like, yeah, if I tell somebody I'm addicted to a computer game, I'm going to get laughed out on the street, you know, because so many people haven't seen it or experience it, or they themselves are addicted, so they don't even want to believe that there's such a thing, because they might have to look at their own issue.","Just one quick piece of advice. If you're - you obviously tried to stay in contact with your son. He made it difficult for you, and he's dead. Whether or not some people would argue that it's not the gaming's fault, you think it is. One very small piece of advice for families who are trying to help someone.","I really need to talk to parents and tell them that these games are not glorified babysitters. And I see so many parents so excited because they're teaching their two year old to play games, and by five, they're addicted. You know, it's just heartbreaking to me, because it's like giving their child the drug, and they don't even know what they're doing. They're helping ruin their child's life, because it does affect their brain. It rewires their brain, and it affects how they function in society.","Well, Liz, thank you so much for sharing your story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People are ashamed to admit they're addicted to computer games.","questions":"What are people afraid of when admitting they're addicted to computer games?","answer":"Ridicule"}
{"text":["It's time now for our Africa Update. The search begins for an African Einstein. In South Africa this week, at least two dozen people have been killed in a wave of attacks on foreigners and we look at Rwanda's new economic force, women. For more, we've got Roxanne Lawson, she's director of Africa Policy for TransAfrica Forum. Hey, Roxanne.","Hi, how are you doing?","I'm doing great. So let's talk about some disturbing news form South Africa. It's the biggest economic power on the continent and plenty of immigrants from other African nations are flooding into the country, legally or not. South Africans are accusing these immigrants of taking away jobs and causing crime, in some ways it's similar to a lot of the debates right here in the U. S.  Now, some South Africans are getting into brutal attacks on foreigners. At least 24 people have been killed in unrest that broke out a week ago. So what's the latest on the violence?","You're directly right that it actually is very much like what we see here in the United States with our migration issues. As of this morning, official reports that 217 people have been arrested, over 3,000 have been displaced and 22 people are dead."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are no turns in this conversation whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. All of the turns are being used in a straightforward and literal manner.","questions":"What is the TransAfrica Forum?","answer":"Organization"}
{"text":["Well, Yelena Grigoryeva was an activist. A few years ago, she came out and said that she was a gay woman and began to defend LGBT rights in St.  Petersburg. And the community of LGBT in St.  Petersburg is quite vibrant. They're victims. Almost all of them are victims of violence. They get attacked during their rallies. They receive horrible, nasty threats. And Yelena Grigoryeva, shortly before her death, received a photograph of a knife. So her friends say it cannot be just a coincidence. . .","Yeah.",". . . That she receives a photograph of a knife and then she gets stabbed to death.","Now, a local news site reports that a suspect has been arrested. What is known about the crime and the man who's been arrested?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : came out implies she revealed publicly that she is gay","questions":"How did Yelena Grigoryeva become involved in defending LGBT rights?","answer":"Gay."}
{"text":["Well, can you describe to us what the situation is on the ground there in Gaza?What does it looked like?What's going on in the hospitals?","It is a very bad situation. The hospitals are ill-equipped and not ready to deal with a mass-casualty event like this one. Israel did allow humanitarian supplies to go into Gaza today. They allowed quite a few trucks to enter. Aid workers on the ground say that it's not enough, that there's still real a shortage there.","Griff Witte is the Jerusalem bureau chief for the Washington Post. Thank you very much.","Thanks, Madeleine."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation in Gaza is much worse than the humanitarian supplies suggest.","questions":"What do aid workers say about the humanitarian supplies in Gaza?","answer":"Shortage"}
{"text":["What about the government ordering banks to rewrite some of these loans, or mandating them, I should say, or even buying back these loans?","Well, mandating is tough. I mean, we do live in a country where contracts are held firm and the government can't essentially say, we want you to void these contracts. I mean, the government could give some relief from a legal perspective that would allow people to modify more easily. Some people have argued what you say, that, you know, the best way to do this is to have the government acquire these loans and then it could do - it can make any changes it wants with a much freer hand than sort of doing this from a bully pulpit or from a sort of a threatening posture.","And Vikas, what about all the people who have already lost their homes and have nothing. Is there anything for them?Can they get any money back?","Yeah, certainly that's painful. I'm not sure that anybody is really talking about that right now. I mean, in the settlement at the states, there were countrywide - there were some - and there was a provision that countrywide would help these people find, at least in that case, rental housing. It's unclear whether they will be more - sort of done broadly for those people. I think the best thing that could be done is to alleviate the economic problems in the country so that the people will be able to, you know, not to lose their jobs or find new jobs, if they have already lost their job."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The government could acquire loans and make changes more easily.","questions":"Which option would allow the government to make changes more easily?","answer":"Government"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . Jupiter. But there's no debris right now. It looks like whatever hit Jupiter, Jupiter just kind of swallowed it whole.","Yeah. You know, I'm reminded - when you say debris, I'm reminded of that famous Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet that broke up and smashed into the planet in 1994.","Well, you're right. And, you know, I said 10 or 20 years ago, people might have said that Dan Peterson, who saw the impact, was just, you know, seeing things. But back before comet Shoemaker - excuse me, SL9 hit Jupiter, astronomers were very skeptical that big impacts like that occurred in the modern day solar system. And then we saw that tremendous series of 21 impacts with our own eyes, when Shoemaker 9 hit Jupiter. And, of course, that was a comet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The tremendous series of 21 impacts with our own eyes when Shoemaker 9 hit Jupiter was a comet.","questions":"What hit Jupiter?","answer":"comet"}
{"text":["Well, there's no doubt about that. So the near-Earth asteroids number about 500,000, but we only know of 9,000. And the reason that they're so interesting, Ira, is because they are actually energetically easier to reach than the surface of the moon. So we've been to the moon many times, and the moon is a great place, which is very worthy of our exploration. But just to give you an idea of how close some of the asteroids are, they're easier to reach than our own moon.","Yeah.","So they're not way out there in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. These are. . .","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning is that near-Earth asteroids are easier to reach than the surface of the moon.","questions":"Which celestial body is easier to reach than the moon according to turn 2?","answer":"Moon"}
{"text":["Ground-based solar is only good when the sun is shining. And this applies to wind energy, too. It's only good when the wind is blowing. You have to have fossil fuel generators, standing by to pick up the load when the wind stops blowing, or the sun stops shining. So that has to be figured into the economics of wind- and ground-based solar. And, of course, you don't have either of those problems with a solar power satellite.","What would my electricity bill look like if I were getting solar power beamed down from satellites?What would it cost me?","That is hard to come by, but the best estimates we have, it's somewhere between eight to 20 cents a kilowatt hour.","Well 20 cents a kilowatt hour would be very expensive electricity."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Ground-based solar and wind energy are not reliable sources of power.","questions":"What is the problem with ground-based solar and wind energy?","answer":"Reliability"}
{"text":["You're very welcome.","What made you write this letter?","What I've noticed is that the sidelines has become more venomous. When expletives come across, when parents are yelling you're the worst referee ever because of one bad call that was made - this is outrageous behavior. It's unacceptable on every level.","Is there a particularly egregious incident that sticks in your mind that you could relate to us we might learn from?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"What made you write this letter?\" - Implied meaning: What inspired you to write this letter? ","questions":"What behavior is considered unacceptable on every level?","answer":"Outrageous"}
{"text":["Do you remember some of the people you were able to help?","I do, yeah. There was a couple in particular who kind of lived in a - not assisted living, but it was designated for elderly couples. And they needed help. I mean, they had almost three feet of water in their home. So you couldn't get there by boat necessarily. And you couldn't get there by lifted Jeep, either. So the only option was to go in with an inflatable kayak. And the husband had just had heart surgery, so it was really difficult getting them out. You know, they needed to bring all their medications and everything.","But we just brought the inflatable kayak into their house and got them out the best way we knew how. The front entrance of their neighborhood was completely blocked off by water. There was a gate entrance. You couldn't even get in, so we had to bust down a fence to the back of the neighborhood to bring them out, so. And that flooding. . .","And let me - you - these were strangers to you. You didn't know who they were."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"And let me - you - these were strangers to you.You didn't know who they were.\" implies a different meaning from its literal meaning. The speaker is not simply asking for confirmation that the people the other person helped were strangers to them, but rather expressing surprise or admiration that the person was able to help strangers in need.","questions":"What was the PersonA's reaction to the fact that the couple that PersonA helped were strangers?","answer":"Admiration."}
{"text":["No. And the thing is that this book, to me, it was very important that it's not just a bunch of recipes put in a nice book. It's also really a document of food culture. And I think that out of those 700 or something recipes that are in the book, there are probably at least 50 of them that I doubt that anyone is actually going to cook. But they're still really important because they explain something about food culture, you know.","Yeah. And, I mean, I'm just guessing - blood pancakes with smoked reindeer fat makes the point that the Sami people, living in arduous circumstances, have to make use of every part of the reindeer.","It does, you know. It tells that story in a really, really clear and very good way.","If we were to say - chef, could you make us one recipe from this book, what might you try?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The book contains more than just recipes - it is also a way to gain insight into and appreciate the culture and history of the cuisine.","questions":"What does the book offer besides recipes?","answer":"Insight"}
{"text":["We had testimony submitted to us this morning in writing by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who engineered - according to the government and himself - the attacks of 9\/11. And he was questioned about the role of Salim Hamdan, and I'll just read you one paragraph from what he answered.","The question was, did Salim Hamdan ever have any role in planning, or carry out, any activities that you either directed or were involved in?, as he was the director of operations. He didn't play any role. He was not a soldier. He was a driver. His nature was primitive. He was a Bedouin one person and far from civilized. He was not fit to plan or execute. But he is fit to change truck tires, to change oil filters, wash and clean cars, and passing cargo and pickup trucks. He could tighten bolts and could select the best maintenance shop.","This is Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, saying this about Hamdan?","That's right. We also had testimony from Waleed bin Attash, and as I understand it, he was responsible, or has boasted his responsibility, for the attack on the USS Cole. And he says Salim Hamdan's activities were distinctively clear, as he was seen driving the cars going and coming every day. His responsibilities were those related to driving, such as mechanical and maintenance and repairs. He was not involved in planning any attacks against the United States."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : : The speaker is expressing frustration or disappointment about a situation, and may be looking for empathy or support from the listener.","questions":"Which emotion is the speaker trying to convey through turn 2?","answer":"Frustration"}
{"text":["My parents are actually still in Khartoum. We're lucky that they are among the few whose mobile phones still work. There's been a widespread outrage. It just sounds incredibly scary that the city is in a state of paralysis. Activist groups have called for a general strike, and people seem to be sticking to it. Roads are closed off.","And what makes this particularly terrifying is it's not even really the armed forces that people are clashing with. It's a specific paramilitary segment that was regularized as part of the armed forces but used to be an out-of-control militia in Darfur - the Janjaweed militias, the Rapid Support Forces. And that's what's scaring people is that this isn't even a regular force that's taken control of the town.","This means the military is fracturing?I mean, we should say all this happened after protesters demanded the ouster of President Omar al-Bashir. And military there is now in charge of Sudan, but what you are describing is that there is no cohesive military either. Right?","Absolutely. The military as a token is in charge. The head of the military council is a general. But the second in command is head of these forces, the Rapid Support Forces. And everyone I've spoken to on the ground says those are the people that are on the streets. All the videos that we've been sent by eyewitnesses, from the citizens show that it was Rapid Support Force guards that charged the sit-in. And it's incredibly chilling because this is a militia that was accused of war crimes in Darfur. And to have them control the ground in the capital of Sudan is very scary for people right now."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The paramilitary forces are in control and people are scared","questions":"Which forces are in control in Sudan?","answer":"Paramilitary"}
{"text":["To the outside world, your mother, a progressive voice, but what was going on inside the family?","My mother was dealing with a lot of what black women were dealing with in Jackson, Miss. So from the outside, it looked like she was doing really well. She was on television - local television - doing political prognostication. She was in an abusive relationship. She did not make much money. She was dealing with what I would call, like, the shards of abuse. And, you know, when I was around 9 or 10, she started to whip me when I didn't do right. And she would always say she was whipping me because what I would face from police or white people would be even harsher.","And those beatings just I think started to get progressively worse, and I think that the beatings my mother was taking from life, from our town, from her partner, also started to get progressively worse. And I think the scariest part about it looking back is that we just didn't know how to talk about any of it. We didn't know how to talk about what we were doing to one another, and we didn't really know how to talk about what the world and our state was doing to us.","As the very title suggests, that the cost of trauma, including, for example, the beatings you endured from your mother, the beatings that she endured, all of that takes a toll on our bodies. What happened to you?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite looking successful, my mother was dealing with abuse and financial struggles.","questions":"Which struggles was PersonA's mother dealing with?","answer":"Abuse"}
{"text":["Most Americans agree Congress should do something to try to end gun violence. There is wide support for a range of ideas, including keeping tabs on or limiting who can get a gun and making it easier for police and family members to temporarily take guns away from people who may hurt themselves or others - what's known as red flag laws. There's more division on other proposals. We all - we know all of this because of a new NPR\/PBS NewsHour\/Marist poll.","NPR senior political editor and correspondent Domenico Montanaro has dug into the numbers. He joins us now. Hey, Domenico.","Hey, Ailsa.","OK. So I want to start where there is some agreement. Let's just start positive for now. What does this poll tell us?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Let's focus on the areas of agreement before discussing divisive issues.","questions":"Which area should they focus on before discussing divisive issues?","answer":"Agreement"}
{"text":["There is a - after so long under dictatorship, and it was certainly not just Mr.  Mubarak but his predecessors all the way back through Nasser and before it had a king and, well, effective British rule before that, there's been one person in charge of Egypt for a very long time.","Yes. And, you know, people wanted that to change. And one of the things we heard a lot of in Tahrir Square today is we didn't oust Mubarak to get an Islamist dictator - oust a secular dictator to get an Islamist dictator. And Morsi was elected, but the idea is to have a democratic process. One of the complaints also about the draft constitution is it gives too much power to the president. And now people are saying, we want to be represented; all of Egypt, not just the Muslim Brotherhood.","Is there any indication that at this point, the president and the Muslim Brotherhood will reconsider?","So far we're not seeing indications of that. Of course, as you mentioned, yesterday, the president's spokesman kind of came out and tried to explain the decrees. One of the decrees basically said, any law or decision I make from now until the constitution is written or a parliament is in place has - there is no way to challenge it in courts. He said, actually that's limited to sovereign act. What sovereign acts mean, though, is so vague and unclear. And it really didn't appease his opposition."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A implies that Sovereign act in its acceptable sense does not exist when a decree has been made which makes such claim vague.","questions":"How did PersonA describe the meaning of sovereign act in the decree?","answer":"vague"}
{"text":["Thanks so much for having me on.","Can you tell me a little bit about Nebraska's land and what it means to its residents, the farmers?","Yeah. So Nebraska is in many ways a typical Great Plains state. Because the Missouri River cuts through along the eastern edge of the state, that's where all of the population originally settled. And so you have major industrial centers in south Sioux City and in Omaha. And then you have the capital educational center of Lincoln. But when you travel west of Lincoln, there's almost no one there. The small farming communities have gotten smaller and smaller in the last 50 years. And you can drive for hours essentially seeing only flatlands that are planted to corn and to soybeans and occasionally dotted with hog barns and feedlots for cattle.","Speaking to that disappearing landscape, I'd like you to read a page from your book, page 69.","(Reading) To understand, first remember - Nebraska is a place. It sits square as an anvil in the center of our maps. And yet somehow, everyone manages to forget it exists. Maybe that's because Nebraska is also a land of ghosts, of small towns dwindling to the point where in another generation they might simply cease to exist.","Why are they disappearing?Where are they going?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is asking about the impact of Nebraska's land on its residents, not just its geographical features.","questions":"What is PersonB asking about Nebraska's impact on its residents?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["Of, you know, as climate change or renewable energy, things like that. The choice is not even offered on the sheet of things that you - that is on your radar screen.","Yeah. Well, this is actually a really important point, is that when you look at - and I'll just come back to media coverage as an example. You know, for most people, this is an issue that's invisible. I mean, you can look out your window right this moment, and there's CO2 pouring out of tailpipes, out of smokestacks, out of buildings, but you can't see it, and likewise you can't see the impacts unless you know where to look. In fact, the only way most Americans even know about this issue is because of what they've learned about it in the media. They're not reading the peer-reviewed literature. They don't know scientists personally. They're learning about it through the media. And when the media doesn't report this issue, it's literally out of sight and out of mind.","Mm-hmm. Is there a difference between the national poll you conducted and registered voters?Do they have different opinions about it?","No. In fact, that's exactly what we did in this study, is that we asked people, are you registered to vote?And we only looked at those Democrats, Republicans and independents who are registered because, obviously, those are the people who will actually walk into the voting booth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A's turn: The implied meaning is that media coverage plays a significant role in shaping public perception and awareness of issues like climate change. Despite the visible impacts of CO2 emissions, many people remain unaware of the severity of the issue until they learn about it through media outlets. If the media fails to report on climate change, it can become an \"out of sight, out of mind\" issue for many people.","questions":"How can media coverage affect public perception of climate change?","answer":"Shape"}
{"text":["So, I ended up spending the night at the Juvenile Detention Center. And then, the next day, they went to arraign me, which - you are not supposed to get arraigned in the juvenile detention, when you are on that system. It is a whole different procedure. And I was like, what is going on?And they were like, we are going to, we are going to put you over. We are going to charge you as an adult, because of the severity of the crime. And I was like, whoa, you know?So, it was definitely an eye opener.","How it was different in adult prison than juvenile detention?","Oh, it was, it was harsh. I mean, you are in there with grown men, I was only 17, maybe a 160 pounds, you know?It is just was a - it was quite the dramatic change, you know, from the Juvenile Detention Center. I mean, it was whole another world.","And then, when you got out of prison, you were the victim of violence. What happened then?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : 160 pounds implies the body weight and not referring to money or 160 British pounds ","questions":"Which number was mentioned to describe the body weight of the speaker?","answer":"pounds"}
{"text":["And it's not just the president who's criticizing him. He's facing a lot of pressure from Republicans on the Hill, as well. Is that right?","That's very much so. McCabe was dragged up to Capitol Hill twice last week. He spent around eight hours testifying behind closed doors for the House Intelligence Committee. That was about Russia. And he spent a little more than eight hours with the House Oversight and House Judiciary Committees a few days later talking about the Clinton matter.","Now, there's one thing in particular that Republicans want to talk to McCabe about, and that's a senior FBI agent by the name of Peter Strzok, who's been in the news a lot. He worked on both the Mueller probe and the Clinton investigation, and he sent highly charged, politically charged text messages about Trump. Now, Strzok was removed from the Russia investigation, but those text messages have given Republicans a lot of ammunition for their allegations of political bias.","With about 30 seconds left, what sort of effect does all of this criticism from the president, from Republicans on the Hill have on the FBI?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : McCabe faced intense questioning and scrutiny by Republicans.","questions":"How was McCabe questioned by Republicans?","answer":"intense"}
{"text":["Yeah,. It's really amazing, yeah. It turns out he was, you know, an avid, you know, layperson but had great interest in butterflies and how they evolve and so on. And he suggested that butterflies moved in certain ways from between Asia and Europe and so on. And just about a couple of years ago scientists discovered that, you know, what he suggested is actually correct.","And how did he come up with that idea?I mean, was it based on fact?","He was really following - yeah, yeah. He was following, you know, the butterflies and, you know, and where - what kinds of species you find where and so on. He was really very interested and very knowledgeable in butterflies.","Mm-hmm. OK.  Let's move on to another famous guy: Lord Kelvin. Tell us who Lord Kelvin was and what his big blunder was."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person being discussed was not an expert on butterflies but had great interest in them","questions":"Which aspect of the person's expertise is not mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Expertise"}
{"text":["The last 48 hours, President Guaido ordered security forces to restore constitutional order. That's what we saw. This was not a coup d'etat. This was a legitimate president recognized by the Venezuelans and by over 60 countries asking security forces to go on the right side of the Constitution.","And at this point, when you're talking about directing the security forces, do you know what proportion is still loyal to Nicolas Maduro?","This is a nationwide movement by the security forces. And the majority of security forces are with the people. Remember; these military men, lower and high-ranking, have Venezuelan families that don't have food on the table, that they can't find medicine. So they're deeply impacted by the crisis.","But if we look onscreen and see a crackdown and see people going after protesters, how should we see that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The majority of security forces are with the people due to the impact of the crisis on their families","questions":"How are the security forces impacted by the crisis?","answer":"deeply"}
{"text":["We're playing the waiting game. We had a submarine try to break loose on us in Muskogee, and it's a completely unique problem. When you talk to the state emergency management officials, they don't know how to handle a World War II submarine.","So let's paint a picture for people listening, trying to imagine what you are able to see. Usually, the Batfish, which is how many feet long?","Three hundred eleven feet long.","Normally, it sits in the middle of a big kind of lawn - meadow. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Batfish is not on water but on land.","questions":"Which element of the Batfish's location is unusual?","answer":"Land"}
{"text":["I was like, yeah. She's like, what do you talk about?I say, my life, our life. And she's like, so you tell them about us and they pay you.","And she's like, I've never found you entertaining enough to pay you anything.","In fact, I wish you would shut up so - so she was - and my father is even worse. I mean, he's very dry. My mom has all the personality. My father is a - he's Swiss-German, so I mean he's just a combination of. . .","Known so much for their humor."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A: \"And she's like, so you tell them about us and they pay you.\" - The phrase \"she's like\" is a colloquialism that means \"she said\" or \"she asked\", and it does not convey the literal meaning of the speaker's words.","questions":"Which phrase in turn 0 is a colloquialism?","answer":"She's"}
{"text":["Well, I've said for a long time that I think the president needs an assistant to the president for Twitter control. And once again, we have an example of why you would want that. In this case though, I have to say, when I first read the tweet, you know, you're just shocked. I was shocked at the the mayor's speech last night begging for help and saying that people were dying. That was heartbreaking to hear. But this feels to me like it fits in a theme that he has had for a while starting with his inaugural, which is to side on the side of the forgotten people. In this case, he names the military, the first responders and the aid workers.","Yeah. But nobody feels more forgotten than the people of Puerto Rico.","And - yeah. I was gonna say, and the people of Puerto Rico - versus what he sees as the elite, which would be the mayor and questioning the mayor's poor leadership ability - can't get workers to help, was told to be nasty to Donald Trump is in the tweet also. And this fits with his M. O. of going against the elites. And this fits with the rest of the news this week as well. I'm not surprised.","Is the Trump administration failing Puerto Rico now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is implying that the people of Puerto Rico feel forgotten and neglected by the Trump administration.","questions":"What group of people does the speaker imply feels neglected by the Trump administration?","answer":"People"}
{"text":["I'm not sure. I think, certainly, if the other leading candidate in the Democratic primary, Hillary Clinton, had won, she would also be generating a lot of interest. I think it's, at the end of a two-term presidency, you always get an upsurge anyway. But I think you're right. There's no doubt about it. These are historic elections. And for the same reasons that the American public have gotten so engaged in them, probably some of the same reasons are affecting foreign publics.","You know, there have been a lot of memorable phrases that have come out during this election. Maverick is one word that we've heard a lot, and what about lipstick on a pig?How do you explain that phrase, which seems particularly American, or lipstick on a pitbull?","What is fascinating is that, both those terms that you brought up, I know of cases where people here that work with me with journalists on a day to day basis have been asked to help. One was working with German press and the term Maverick and how could they, you know, where does that come from and so on. And we actually have a researcher that works here and can go back and find, you know, the roots of these different phrases. Even - I speak Spanish pretty well, and even lipstick on a pig, I wouldn't even try.","So, I don't know how they go about trying to kind of - I think they go through a longer two-paragraph explanation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Hillary Clinton would also generate a lot of interest.","questions":"How did the American public get engaged in the elections?","answer":"Upsurge"}
{"text":["The problem is 90 percent of space in our military is in the Air Force. So what we're basically going to be doing is taking the current infrastructure - for example, Space Command in Colorado Springs will become the headquarters for the Space Corps. We're talking about taking the people that we need to take that deal with space and segregating them into a culture that appreciates them.","The Air Force has pushed back on this. The Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson said, quote, \"the Pentagon is complicated enough. This will make it more complex, add more boxes to the organization chart and cost more money. \"Is she wrong?","She's absolutely wrong. The bureaucracy is always going to fight reform - always, especially the Pentagon. They're fighting this because they don't want Congress meddling. You know, what I've told her is, in 16 years, the Air Force has not changed a thing. And they've got us in this situation now where Russia and China have become near peers. They're close to surpassing us. What we're proposing would change that.","I think what some people would say is that we are cooperating with the Russians on the International Space Station. Should space be the new frontier of warfare, or should it actually be a place where, indeed, these cooperations flourish?After all, we are all on one planet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"segregating them into a culture that appreciates them\" - This phrase implies that currently the people who deal with space in the military are not appreciated or valued, and that by creating a separate \"Space Corps\" culture, they will receive the recognition and resources they need to excel in their work.","questions":"Which culture appreciates the people who deal with space in the military?","answer":"Space-Corps"}
{"text":["Well, I think what I heard - and I heard it over the three days - is that the president is not going to let up pressure on Japan, on Prime Minister Abe on trade. Despite the close personal relationship, despite all the pageantry of this visit, it was just at the surface that the president was getting a little irritated with the arguments that Japan has been making on trade.","I think that this is not going to bode well for how this is going to end up. Mr.  Abe doesn't have a lot of latitude to give the president what he wants. But I think they're trying very hard to keep it from bursting the seams, so to speak, on the overall political strategic relationship.","What about on North Korea?As Anthony alluded to there, President Trump contradicted not only his host, the prime minister, but his own national security adviser, John Bolton, on the significance of these recent missile launches from North Korea and whether they violate U. N.  Security Council resolutions. How significant a disagreement is that between Tokyo and Washington?","I think that will be a disappointment for Prime Minister Abe for a couple of reasons. You know, again, President Trump said he was not personally concerned about the tests, still trying to lay out what I think he thinks is the base for a bargain with Kim Jong Un, and that is an economic development strategy by North Koreans that will then mitigate the military challenge."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : President Trump disagrees with both his own national security adviser and Prime Minister Abe on the significance of North Korea's recent missile launches, which could strain the relationship between Tokyo and Washington.","questions":"Which country's relationship with Washington could be strained due to President Trump's disagreement on the significance of North Korea's recent missile launches?","answer":"Tokyo"}
{"text":["Dual loyalty is something that relates to the potential conflict between clinicians' duties to their patients and their obligations to their employers. When these organizations have sometimes questionable tasks to fulfill, that becomes a very, very serious almost ethical minefield, I would say.","You and I have both been to immigration detention centers. What do you imagine the work will be like?","Well, I think when you talk about any correctional facility, especially immigration detention centers, there are a couple of hats that one has to wear. One is to take care of routine medical issues - so somebody has a headache, somebody has an infection, is vomiting. But also, we're talking about people who are coming with immense trauma, people who may have injuries, people who have suffered from violence. You need to address that in some ways. There's also making sure that there's no spread of contagious diseases, that people are being nourished well. So it's a very big job.","Isn't it important to have the best medical personnel possible in those facilities?Wouldn't you want somebody extremely qualified to be hired for a job like this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"a couple of hats that one has to wear\" implies performing different duties.","questions":"How many hats does one have to wear according to A?","answer":"Two"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Most people don't know that. But you lose several days of shelf, whether it's in code or out of code. Or do you leave the milk out on the counter while your kids are having breakfast?There's all kinds of ways in which, if you handled it properly, you extend the life.","Mr.  Rauch, is there any concern among, let's say the people that might own a Trader Joe's or some other food store today, that somehow, your places are going to be potentially under-pricing them?","Well, I think that - well, first, you'd have to ask them. But most of what we'll be selling will be fruits and vegetables, freshly prepared product, stuff that's really not brand-driven. And they're in areas that frankly, are underserved, that - you know, there aren't Trader Joe's in the inner-cities in America, at least to my knowledge."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Mr. Rauch, is there any concern among, let's say the people that might own a Trader Joe's or some other food store today, that somehow, your places are going to be potentially under-pricing them?  - Implied meaning: Is there any concern among owners of Trader Joe's and other food stores that your places will be offering prices that are too low and therefore potentially damaging their business?","questions":"What concern does Mr. Rauch's business raise for owners of Trader Joe's or other food stores?","answer":"potential"}
{"text":["I think it's a story that can stick with you for many different reasons. If you leave a film, if you put down a book, and there is something that you didn't know before or something that has informed you about the world you live in that you care about but you didn't know before - if you can walk away from any kind of story with that, I think that's the goal of storytelling. I believe this is a film that does that.","And so that's what I love about this film - is it really has moved people. And it's become more, I think, socially important today than it was when we made it. There's been a lot more attention being given to Indigenous and Native American people within our country since we made the film. And there is also this whole epidemic that every day, we're learning more about men in power and sexual assault. And those are what this film is about in a very specific story.","Elizabeth Olson, speaking with us from Atlanta. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The literal meaning of (4) is \"Thanks for having me.\"  The actual meaning is \"Thank you for the opportunity.\"","questions":"What is the actual meaning of turn 3?","answer":"Opportunity"}
{"text":["Jay Austin and Lauren Geoghegan were both 29. For years, they worked desk jobs in Washington, D. C.  - Lauren at the admissions office at Georgetown University, Jay at the Department of Housing and Urban Development. In their travel blog, they wrote that they wanted to live life on simpler, more deliberate terms and see the globe in an inexpensive, sustainable and gratifying way. They wanted to bike it. Back in 2015, Jay Austin showed an NPR reporter around his house as part of a feature on the tiny house movement.","That's the parlor over there, seating for about seven or so, two couches.","All 143 square feet of it. Jay Austin believed in tiny homes.","I think it's really been great to have kind of not a very complex, not a very expensive space but to have the ability to have easy access to nature. If I am feeling like I have cabin fever, I open my front door."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Jay Austin's belief in tiny homes is reflected in the 143 square feet parlor.","questions":"How is Jay Austin's belief reflected in the parlor?","answer":"Belief"}
{"text":["Might give them a viral moment on YouTube.","It could, indeed, give them a viral moment on YouTube. So that's part of the game that's being played. But what the Democrats are trying to do here is educate the public about what this president did and how he did it. And they've got a witness who has impeccable credentials. I don't think the Republicans are going to try to undercut this man. He is one of them. And he served his country. And he did this not because he was looking for a job. He did it because he thought somebody had to do it.","Well, let's get down to the prognostication part of this conversation. Robert Mueller has been pretty plain about how he doesn't want to testify and has nothing to say beyond the report. Do you support his logic?","Well, you know, there've been some very powerful commentary about his position. A former deputy solicitor general, deputy attorney general, a fellow by the name of Donald Ayer wrote a rather sharply worded piece kindly but clearly saying that Mueller had a duty to actually go beyond the four quarters (ph) because of what's happened. Attorney General Barr has tried to discredit his work. He's actually belittled his work. And as Ayer says, you know, this man's got to step up and defend his work and not be rolled over. I think he'll do that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"that's part of the game that's being played.\" meaning that the function of how politics work. ","questions":"What is the function of politics according to turn 1?","answer":"Function"}
{"text":["Absolutely. In fact, Dr.  Landreth and his colleagues have replied to these four and said no, no, no, wait. I mean, while the general tenor is you've got four papers that didn't replicate our findings, there are elements of these papers that, in fact, do replicate their findings.","So, in particular, some of the behaviors improved in some of the animals that were tested in these other studies, and a particular form of the amyloid - the so-called soluble amyloid, or the oligomeric form of the amyloid - was in fact replicated in these other papers.","So Dr.  Landreth and colleagues are saying no, no, no. I mean, some features weren't, but in general, the basic premise was replicated.","Since that original study came out, did you have patients that actually came to specifically asking for this drug based on the reports they heard in the news?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : General tenor means that the basic idea is true but there is conflicting data.","questions":"How was the general tenor of the replicated findings?","answer":"Conflicting"}
{"text":["You've lived with HIV your entire conscious life - I mean, as I understand it, that you contracted HIV through blood transfusion when you were an infant in the early 1980s. So do you sense a change in how HIV has been viewed by the broader public and not just by the medical community?I mean, do you remember - I mean, I don't know that most of us kind of as kids think about becoming an organ donor, right?","(Laughter).","But do you remember feeling that the world of possibility has changed for you?","I do think in some places in America things definitely have changed with the science. In places, for example, where I live in the Deep South, there are a lot of long-held stigmatizing beliefs that people still have. And one of the reasons I did decide to go public as a resident of Atlanta was to really push people's perceptions into the 21st century because I couldn't think of any better way to show people that, you know, this isn't the 1980s anymore. You can live a long and healthy life living with HIV. People like me don't bring death, we can actually bring life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : I couldn't think of any better way to show people that, you know, this isn't the 1980s anymore. You can live a long and healthy life living with HIV. People like me don't bring death, we can actually bring life.  The actual meaning of this turn goes beyond its literal meaning. While A is stating that HIV is no longer a death sentence and that people with HIV can live long, healthy lives, the turn also communicates A's desire to challenge stigmatizing beliefs about HIV and to educate people on the reality of living with HIV. The phrase \"People like me don't bring death, we can actually bring life\" is a powerful statement that challenges the notion that people with HIV are a danger to society.","questions":"How does PersonA want to challenge people's perceptions about living with HIV?","answer":"Simplistic"}
{"text":["Well, one way is that the schemes at issue here were really sprawling. This was not just one man doing something criminally inappropriate but rather pervasive, longstanding, industry-wide conspiracy, for lack of a better word, to promote these products.","And, you know, there may be a false sense of vengeance or accountability in pinning it on one individual and essentially letting others go free who were the ones that carried out this scheme. You could argue that the deterrent effect of legal action would be greater with a massive financial penalty that would really send a message to all other executives at all levels of a corporation that this could be their economic downfall.","Did we see that with the $500 million judgment in Oklahoma?Is that a big enough penalty to be a deterrent, or is it just the cost of doing business for Johnson and Johnson?","I think for a company on the scale of Johnson and Johnson, $570 million is not a lot of money. And we saw that in Wall Street's reaction to the verdict. To them, it was good news. This was probably the first time that having to pay $572 million was considered good news."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : pinning it on someone refers to someone else having to take the consequences for something","questions":"What does \"pinning it on someone\" mean?","answer":"Consequence"}
{"text":["I understand, Mr.  Doyle, that you and other members of the Watergate investigation team still with us - well, you have reunions now and then. And I gather for the first time you had a reunion on the actual anniversary of the Saturday Night Massacre. What are the - my 15 year old now says, you know, what's the tea?What went on there?","Three weeks ago, Saturday night October 20, the Watergate Special Prosecution Force held a reunion. It was the 45th anniversary of the Saturday Night Massacre. None of the senior leaders are any longer with us. But the young idealists who had been in their 20s back when we began, they all showed up in their 60s and 70s as earnest as ever, as idealistic as ever and still full of hope.","Sorry.","No, I think someone was talking to you, telling you that, I think, we're running out of time. But did you want to make the final point?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The people who were part of the Watergate investigation team still held onto their youthful idealism.","questions":"Which anniversary did the Watergate Special Prosecution Force celebrate during their reunion?","answer":"Anniversary"}
{"text":["I think my career - had before this was 48, and I thought I had a pretty good game in that game. But it turns out it didn't even come close to this one.","I've read you just came from a weekend tournament where you went 11-41 in two games; from the depths to the heights.","Yeah. Yeah. I had a pretty poor shooting weekend. So coming into this game, my coaches and my teammates really wanted to get me going a little bit offensively to get my confidence up before we head into conference play.","And get your confidence up, you made, I think - what was it?More than 50 shots."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"from the depths to the heights\" is an expression used figuratively to describe a significant improvement or progress, rather than literally referring to a physical location or elevation.","questions":"Which expression describes a significant improvement or progress?","answer":"heights"}
{"text":["I know it does.","How you doing, Tony?","I'm doing great. Listen, you heard the conversation we just had with Dave Zirin about the intersection of sports and politics. Do you agree with the basic premise that it's an issue that is ongoing and ever changing?","Oh, yeah. Absolutely, you know, Dave makes great points. What I thought was very interesting, Tony, was before the Olympics, LeBron James was going to become very interested, you know, about slave trade, and slavery in Africa. And he was making some points, saying I really want to do this, I think I'm going to do it, I think I'm going to speak out, and by the time they got to the Olympics, Tony, they had sat on LeBron. And suddenly he had changed his tune, he was well, this is nothing but sports, and we just want to keep it to sports. And to me, once again, it reinforces this whole idea of here you've got this team of multi-millionaires led by LeBron and Kobe, and these guys basically were intimidated. They were intimidated into not saying anything. So yeah, sports is very political by definition, and by the absence of it. It's just a phenomenal contradiction."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : LeBron James was silenced by the Olympic organizers and not allowed to speak out about slavery in Africa.","questions":"How was LeBron James affected by the Olympic organizers regarding speaking out about slavery in Africa?","answer":"Silenced"}
{"text":["Make sure you got the right booty shorts on.","Well, it depends on the job you're applying for, I guess.","Yeah. I guess it does. No. I think you're bringing up something that's happening not only in the employment sector, but also for college admissions, and all types of things. So it's finding itself, trickling down into other areas. So the bottom line, first foremost, remember that the Internet is a public space. All right?Anything that you put up there can ultimately - I don't care if you're password protected or not. Ultimately that could be copied, found, and reposted somewhere else. So first and foremost, make sure that your content that you're revealing of yourself is something that you're comfortable with showing to a possible employer or a college admissions officer.","Secondly, use it to your advantage. Use these things like LinkedIn. You create your own blog site. Make sure that some of the discussion that is out there about you, you're controlling that. Make sure you have your own presence online. So talk about some of the extracurricular activities, your hobbies, your interests, things that you've done really, really well or you're very proud about, and take advantage of some of that. I think that's something to really take consideration of because this is a time where people are actually looking at these online sources, and you have to separate between your social life and your business life, and be able to understand how to do that in this online world."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Choosing the appropriate outfit is important for job interviews.","questions":"Which aspect of job interviews did PersonA emphasize when discussing revealing content online?","answer":"Revealing"}
{"text":["Absolutely. I think some Republicans have. The administration has missed a political opportunity to expand their base. They're speaking to a very small portion of the Republican base, and it's a big missed opportunity for them.","You engaged with President Obama and the Democrats on this issue. Explain how you did that.","I was asked by the State Department to travel to India and Germany and meet with mayors in those countries to talk about what the U. S.  is doing and, in the case of India, to encourage those local mayors to influence President Modi of India to actually come to Paris and sign the agreement. That was up in the air for a long period of time.","You know, what the mayors in India told me, for instance, was that the U. S. 's leadership means a lot. It helps them get to where they want to be, and that's probably my greatest fear with this change, is that some of these countries won't come along. And so my message to those mayors I spoke with in India today would be - simply because the federal government isn't going to make progress, our mayors are going to continue to make progress. We're going to keep our word. We're going to honor the commitments made and continue to improve the air quality and reduce our carbon emissions in each of our cities."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"keep our word\" - this is a figurative expression meaning to fulfill a promise or commitment, rather than literally retaining the ability to speak.","questions":"What does \"keep our word\" mean?","answer":"Fulfill"}
{"text":["I have. I was, yes, one of the scholars who figured it out by searching on Google. And it turns out that Jack of jack-o'-lantern fame was not such a terrible guy. In fact, he's quite clever and entrepreneurial. And he almost outwitted the devil, so that's the Irish folktale. Jack tricked the devil into climbing a tree to get him an apple. And then Jack carved a cross on the tree trunks so the devil couldn't get down. So Jack says I'll take away the cross if you promise never to send me to hell. So they made a deal, but, of course, the devil being the devil, he found a loophole. So he didn't send Jack to hell, but Jack was consigned to walk the earth forever, holding a lantern to light his way. And by the way - this is important - the lantern was made of a turnip, not a pumpkin. So somewhere along the line, the turnip industry got really screwed.","Have you ever opened the door and seen a trick of trick-or-treater dressed as B. J. Leiderman, who writes our theme music?","(Laughter) No. But that's a great idea for my kids today.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Jack's clever and entrepreneurial nature allows him to make a deal with the devil and escape from certain doom.","questions":"What was the material of the lantern in the Irish folktale?","answer":"Turnip"}
{"text":["What are some of the challenges for businesses in addition to your own, as you see it?","Well, first off, it's one thing to put the law in place. But then how do you actually track hours?And when is a person working?If I send an email to one of my employees in the evening or just give them a call to talk about something, now they have to clock in and clock out.","Or if they go to, you know, a trade show, when are they technically working?- versus, when are they not working?There's lots of challenges faced by practically every business out there to some degree.","Now that a judge has halted these rules, do you change yours?What are you going to do?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"What are you going to do?\" does not literally mean \"What are you going to do?\" but rather \"What are you going to do in response to the judge's decision?\"","questions":"How does turn 3 relate to the judge's decision?","answer":"response"}
{"text":["Well, for me it's almost anything that I'm sent and asked to click on in which somebody else is supposedly really embarrassing themselves. And I'm supposed to find this funny. I'm supposed to enjoy the spectacle. But it's just a physical response that I can't, you know. I clench sort of every muscle in my body and I can barely bring myself to watch it and then end up pressing stop. So, you know, examples would be the recording that was around this week of an employee of a cable company attempting to make a departing customer stay using all sorts of extraordinary arguments, I'm told. I'm told it was very embarrassing for the cable company employee. But I don't know because I can't bring myself to listen to it.","The guy who proposed marriage to a woman at the ballpark - you know about this one?","Oh, this is going to be a wedding proposal that is rejected in public, I think?","Yeah, that's it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Turn (3): The speaker is suggesting that the proposal at the ballpark is likely to be a rejected one. ","questions":"Which proposal is likely to be rejected?","answer":"Ballpark"}
{"text":["So the sport itself has given me countless opportunities. And for me, the reason why I'm so interested in doing this, it's sort of like my way of giving back, in a sense. You know, I'm going places with the javelin and it's helping me out and probably going to get me into a nice school. So why not give back?And I feel like if I have to do this research project at my school, why not do it on something that I like?","Yeah. I'm just going to guess you've heard from some people that know somebody who was injured by a javelin who've said there's no need for this sport?","Honestly, I haven't. I mean, I know there are some people that have gotten injured and there are people that are against the implementation of the event. But personally, I do not know anybody that has been injured.","You know, Mr.  Christensen, there are people listening around the country I'm sure might point out that it seems easier to buy a gun in South Carolina than to throw a javelin in high school."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"it's sort of like my way of giving back\" - The literal meaning is that the speaker sees the sport as an opportunity to give back to the community. The actual meaning is that the speaker wants to use their involvement in the sport to contribute to something meaningful, such as a research project.","questions":"How does the speaker view their involvement in the sport?","answer":"Opportunity"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Even the CIA's, like, getting this information. I imagine it's like the details that are the stuff that really make it pop, right?So can you give us an example of some of the details that you get about the personal life and interests of the dignitaries he may meet?","Sure. So as you can imagine, politics is about relationships and personalities. And so every leader has their own lifestyle, their own favorite things to do, their own personal interests. And so we endeavor to find out what those are. So for example, I'll take a meeting that happened between President George W.  Bush and Prime Minister Koizumi of Japan. Koizumi was a huge Elvis fan.","(Laughter).","And we learned that, and we knew that. And so the president decided, let's take Prime Minister Koizumi to Graceland. So they flew to Memphis. . .","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Knowing personal details about foreign dignitaries is important for diplomacy","questions":"How does the CIPersonA gather information about foreign dignitaries?","answer":"Research"}
{"text":["Well, I think that where journalists and correspondents tend to stray into trouble is when they use metaphor. For instance, using words like blank slate. They tend to sort of overlook the fact that there are more than 600,000 people still living here.","Yeah, that's a pretty crowded slate. What about when you see a phrase like urban settlers?","Well, that sets off all kinds of unpleasant associations. You're talking about the process of colonization in a metaphoric sense. And typically, the people who are colonized tend to see their culture and their land and, you know, their identity despoiled.","Putting Detroit on the map."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Putting Detroit on the map\" implies that through the journalist's work, Detroit is becoming well known.","questions":"Which city is becoming well known through the journalist's work?","answer":"Detroit"}
{"text":["This is such a different type of story than we often see after a disaster. I mean, it's just the sheer numbers and the sheer amount of land in these three countries that was affected. I mean, you've decided to bring us just into one life and profile - one person doing one thing. Was that experience different for you journalistically?","It was a different - oh, gosh. It was a different experience for sure. I've never followed anyone doing this kind of work. And I've had two reporting trips to Mozambique now. And a lot of the work has been focused on the many, many people trying to deliver aid to people still alive - you know, frantic - organized frantic chaos, you know, trying to help people survive. And this was a very different, quiet experience but just fascinating to see.","Is there one image or one scene or one moment that stands out for you after following this man?","I think it was just the one in the field. It just struck me as an immense task. And I wanted to bring that to life as much as possible immediately for people. And he said it himself as he stood and he looked around the field. And he said, this is literally like a needle in a haystack."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"one image or one scene or one moment that stands out\"","questions":"Which task did PersonB follow someone doing this kind of work?","answer":"Mozambique"}
{"text":["Well, we got a response from a listener in Athens, Georgia, when our bloggers discussed whether black media outlets were balanced when covering Barack Obama. Scott Dugan (ph) wrote us this. I am surprised to find no mention of the constant comments from the media and McCain campaign that Obama was behaving presumptuously during his trip abroad. To me, these comments are all short hand for calling Obama uppity. Why have you called the media and the McCain campaign out on this?","And this month we're doing a series on addiction. Vernon Martin (ph) in Hollywood, Florida, wrote in to say he liked the segment we did last week on functioning addicts. So many times we conjure the wrong view in our minds about functioning addicts. They're found practicing law, operating, or assisting in operating rooms, teachers, police officers, construction workers or any other person maintaining a career. As a drug and alcohol counselor, I have seen all of them.","And last week, we covered the news that Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick was sent to jail. Peter Williams (ph) lives in the Motor City and wrote us this. Your panel missed the point on Mayor Kilpatrick. The problem is not his unfaithfulness to his marriage. It is that he wrongfully fired three police officers who, while performing their duties, might have uncovered the affair. That is the type of abuse of public trust that warrants his dismissal.","And finally, Victor Emanuel (ph) in Inglewood, New Jersey wrote in about the interview we did about a black reporter who was thrown out of a John McCain event. Victor thought we cut the story short."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It implies that media and the McCain campaign were biased as they have used coded language to criticize Obama, and that this language is racially charged.","questions":"How did the PersonB describe the comments made by the media and the McCain campaign about Obama?","answer":"Uppity"}
{"text":["It had some effect.","Well, thanks very much for being with us, Serena and Olivier Blanchard. Serena Blanchard's hieroglyphics appears in all editions of the classic \"Lectures on Macroeconomics,\" by Stanley Fischer and Olivier Blanchard. Pick up your copy. . .",". . . at your local airport bookstore.","Thank you both very much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Well, thanks very much for being with us, Serena and Olivier Blanchard. Serena Blanchard's hieroglyphics appears in all editions of the classic \"Lectures on Macroeconomics,\" by Stanley Fischer and Olivier Blanchard. Pick up your copy... Implicated meaning: The speaker indirectly suggests that Serena Blanchard's contribution or writing in \"Lectures on Macroeconomics\" is difficult to understand or decipher, comparing it to hieroglyphics.","questions":"Which author's contribution is compared to hieroglyphics in the dialogue?","answer":"Serena"}
{"text":["But banning food products from Western countries had an immediate effect. And - but there was also a lot of contraband. And so one of the measures against the contraband was incinerating food once it was exposed as contraband. And it - really it was a display of something that I think inspired terror in a lot of people in a country that has known famine and in a country where a lot of people have feared starvation in living memory.","Yeah. We certainly have our own struggles with bigotry in the U. S. But it's hard not to go through your book and not be staggered by the persistence in Russia of anti-Semitism and prejudice against gays. What role does this play?","You know, I actually wouldn't call it prejudice against gays because I think it conveys the sort of impression that it comes from the grassroots, that this is - that the Russian population is homophobic. Not that it isn't. But what we're really talking about is a concerted campaign by the Kremlin over the last five years to single out and target LGBTQI people as, you know, scapegoats in the country, as the chosen other.","Towards the end of your book, you use a phrase that chills me, where you say that in Russia today, quote, \"life is a foreign agent. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In (3), \u201clife is a foreign agent\u201d does not mean that life is a foreign operative, but rather that life in Russia is heavily regulated and monitored by the government.","questions":"How does the author explain the meaning of \"life is a foreign agent\" in Russia?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["So what I did was incorporate the superhero, but have them have HIV in real life situations, if the person were to have it. So they would have the same illnesses, the same sicknesses, and even some of the characters may die from AIDS or something like that.","So, the book really shows you - I have in one scene where you see one of the characters is about to have sexual relations with a woman, and he - I show a condom. I talk about. . .","Robert, I'm sorry. We have to wrap it up here. There's so much to talk about. . .","I'm sorry for that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Incorporating a superhero with HIV in real life situations to raise awareness of the disease.","questions":"Which illness does the book depict characters dying from?","answer":"AIDS"}
{"text":[". . . Had you wanted to see these images. You had to have heard about it. You're just seeing brief news reports saying that foreign powers, especially the United States, have been provoking riots and dangerous behavior in Hong Kong for their own selfish reasons - those kind of terse news bulletins. But on the social media that the Chinese exchange every day that they love on their smartphones, any hint of searching for news that Hong Kong is immediately shut down by the censors.","So the U. S.  is being blamed on mainland China. The U. S.  does have a lot of financial interests in Hong Kong. The State Department has expressed grave concern over this extradition law. It says there are more than 1,300 U. S.  firms with operations in Hong Kong, about $80 billion in U. S.  investment, 85,000 American citizens. Are U. S.  businesses operating in Hong Kong likely to be affected by all of this?","They certainly would have been if this law had gone through. I mean, in essence, what this proposal was was that for the first time ever people in Hong Kong, whether foreigners or locals, could be sent for trial by being extradited to the mainland, and the mainland's courts are explicitly under the control of the Communist Party. They are not independent courts. They're not meant to be independent courts. So that caused a gigantic backlash from even rather meek and mild business groups. . .","Hm."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is censorship in China preventing access to information about Hong Kong protests","questions":"What is the reason for the censorship in China?","answer":"Control"}
{"text":["And it's interesting, your book had pictures of the hands of some of the great catchers of those days, gnarled and twisted. Anybody who played catcher could expect to be crippled - their hands - for the rest of their lives.","Exactly. And people would say, you know, I don't know what this guy looks like but just look for a catcher's hands. And as soon as you'll see - you see those hands, you recognize, oh, that's - that must be who it was.","Are there stories about Deacon White?You mentioned he traveled from team to team. I guess he had one fantastic year in Boston. But what kind of a man was he?Do we know?","He was a really high-character man. In a time when baseball had a lot of guys who spent their evenings drinking and carousing, Deacon - he was known as Deacon because he went to church and he was a Sunday school teacher. And family came absolutely first for him."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Playing catcher is a dangerous position that can cause permanent physical harm.","questions":"How would you describe the hands of catchers mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Gnarled"}
{"text":["It's been an exciting year for developments in space. Just earlier this week, SpaceX successfully landed a 15-story tall section of one of their rockets back on Earth. And joining me to discuss what's been going on off our planet during 2015 is NPR science correspondent Geoff Brumfiel. So explain exactly what happened that a part of the rocket returned.","In some sense, this was just another rocket launch for SpaceX. You know, they sent 11 communication satellites into orbit. What really makes this special is what happened to the big first stage of the rocket. Now, normally this would just fall back to Earth. But this time, SpaceX flipped it around and then flew it back to near the launch site and actually landed it. They fired the engines a second time and it sort of floated down onto the pad. It was pretty spectacular to watch.","The space pad looks big when you're looking at it on the Earth. But from space, it must be a tiny dot.","Yeah, I mean SpaceX describes it as trying to shoot a pencil over the Empire State Building, have it turn around and land in a shoebox vertically. That's how hard this is."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The size of the landing pad appears much smaller from space, highlighting the incredible precision required to land a rocket vertically.","questions":"Which aspect of landing a rocket does turn 2 emphasize?","answer":"Precision"}
{"text":["It's important to note that the French didn't suspend support. So, there is some disagreement over the way forward, even among allies. There are indications that the moderates backed by the U. S.  and the Islamists are negotiating over a merger. Both these groups oppose the Assad regime. They both oppose the hard-core al-Qaida group; in fact, they fought against them. There are reports that U. S.  policymakers are rethinking the approach to the Islamic front. U. S.  officials have reportedly met with some of the leaders of this group last month in Turkey. And this all comes in the context of the Geneva talks which are scheduled for January. That's when the Syrian regime and the political opposition are going to sit down face to face for the first time.","The only group, Scott, that can deliver any change on the ground is the Islamic Front. They're the most powerful rebel formation across northern Syria. They hold great swaths of territory. They are the important players, much more important than the moderate Free Syrian Army, who showed on Friday they can't even protect their warehouses. They are the weakest group on the battlefield, even though they're supported by the U. S. So, that's why there is a crisis in U. S.  policy and there appears to be some rethinking of that policy.","NPR's Deborah Amos speaking with us from Beirut. Thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of the statement is Deborah Amos thanking the speaker, but the implied meaning is that the conversation is over.","questions":"Which turn implies that the speaker holds a pessimistic view about the Free Syrian Army?","answer":"One"}
{"text":["So that's the drug industry's argument against this proposal. They say that because of insurance coverage, hardly anyone pays the price the Trump administration is forcing these drug makers to include in their ads. That price is often called the list price or the sticker price, as we said. Drugmakers argue that including that price would scare consumers off from even going to their doctor and asking about a drug because they'd see a sky-high list price, and they would think - I can't afford that; I'm not going to go to the doctor.","Well, now that's interesting because that could be bad for someone's health. But is that actually what the government may want in some cases - for a consumer to make an informed decision that this drug just seems really pricey for the benefits alleged with it?","So I don't think the Trump administration would go that far. They say that this is the start of a conversation between a consumer and their doctor about a drug. They really want to try to get drugmakers to lower their prices. They've, countless times now, sort of shamed drug companies and said - if you're ashamed of your price, if you don't want to put it in your ad, lower the price.","And we should note that this is only for somewhat more expensive drugs - more than $35 per month. That's who the rule - that's what the drugs that the rule applies to. Hasn't one company, though, already gone ahead and just done this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Trump administration wants drug companies to lower their prices.","questions":"Which administration wants drug companies to decrease their prices?","answer":"Trump"}
{"text":["Then later on, I ended up having to deal with, really, racism from both sides, from white people, as well as from black people who claimed that I was not really black because of the music I listened to or the way that I speak or some intangible delineation that people make in terms of how you're supposed to behave based upon the color of your skin.","Well, Brian, you know, you went on to basically go about your life and kind of sublimate this incredible pressure. But at some point, it all broke for you. What happened then?","Well, what happened was - I should back up and say that at the time that I wrote \"Not a Genuine Black Man,\" the book and the play, I decided that in order for it to be real and to be true and to be what I wanted it to be, I'd have to be completely naked. And that being the case, I knew that I would have to talk about the darkest moment in my life, which was a very severe period of depression I went through in 1999.","I had - I didn't realize it at the time, but apparently I had suffered depression since childhood, from all of the, you know, strangers driving down the street yelling the N-word, not being included because I was the only black kid and being different. And I'd spent a lot of time isolating and by myself."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A reflects on his childhood experiences of racism and isolation as the only black kid.","questions":"What was the darkest moment in PersonA's life?","answer":"Isolation"}
{"text":["You're speaking with us from near Manchester, England, at the moment, where there was an attack. You're based in London, where there's been another attack. Can you describe the mood?","The mood is very alarmed. I've been literally corresponding with hundreds of British-Muslim community members across the country. And there is a genuine feeling of shock beyond the last few attacks because of the severity of this and the frequency of it. And there is a sense - a real sense that something has to change.","Now, I know all sectors are feeling this. But, you know, what they're telling me is that, you know, we're going to have to face some difficult questions. Now the only thing is, how are we going to handle those questions?Is it going to be as a community, as part of wider society?Or are Muslim communities going to be a target?That's going to make a little bit of a difference here.","Just briefly - we only have about 30 seconds - how is the Muslim community reacting?This is the holy month of Ramadan, a time of prayer and reflection."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Can you describe the mood?\" - This turn is meant to inquire about the emotional state of the people in the area where the speaker is currently located. The literal meaning of the turn is clear and does not differ from its actual meaning.","questions":"Which community?","answer":"Muslim"}
{"text":["Jamal Khashoggi's eldest son was photographed meeting the crown prince earlier this week. For a lot of people, it was heart-rending to see. And it was announced shortly after he'd be allowed to travel to the U. S.  We gather, according to reports, he's arrived there. Is it possible someone told him pose with the prince and you can get out of here?","Absolutely. There's no question. The royal family had banned him from traveling since his father had left the kingdom to go into exile. And there had to be a lot of behind-the-scenes maneuvering, including requests specifically by the United States and Secretary of State Pompeo to allow him to leave the country and join his brothers in the United States. Three of Khashoggi's sons are American citizens, and I gather the fourth son was not.","The head of the CIA, Gina Haspel, was in Turkey this week being briefed. What do we know about what she was told and what she did?","Well, the CIA hasn't provided specifics, but it's been widely reported that she listened to this alleged tape of Jamal's last moments and what happened to him inside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul. I mean, this is going to be a pivotal moment for the Trump administration. It has to make a very hard call - what to do about an ally that has been pivotal in three of President Trump's five most important foreign policy goals."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is suggested that the meeting between Jamal Khashoggi's son and the crown prince was staged to give the impression that he is safe and free to leave Saudi Arabia.","questions":"What was the reason behind the ban on Jamal Khashoggi's eldest son's travel?","answer":"Exile"}
{"text":["No. The Foreign Ministry spokesperson is not the final arbiter of all this. I think both countries do want to negotiate. The United States certainly does. And there are important actors within the Iranian political system that also do, including President Rouhani himself, who's been intrigued by the idea of negotiations with President Trump. Ultimately if they want to get out from under the sanctions, the only path out of that particular predicament is some kind of a negotiations between the two sides.","Do you think that the Trump administration is on to something when they say that a maximum pressure campaign will force Iran to the negotiating table?I mean, if you're saying Iran wants out from under these sanctions and negotiation's the way to get there, does that suggest the Trump administration is on the right track?","The maximum strategy of pressure has been tactically successful. It has put enormous pressure on Iran. It has even managed to slice Iran's oil exports - unlikely to get down to zero, but it will be close to zero. So at a tactical level, this certainly has been successful. And I think at the end of the day, it will probably press the Iranian government toward the negotiations. Now, what happens at those negotiations of course remains to be seen.","The other option is that it presses both sides to war, intentionally or unintentionally. Both sides say they don't want this. Iran's president restated that today. Do you think that war is a real risk here?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Trump administration's strategy of maximum pressure may lead Iran to negotiate","questions":"What may lead Iran to negotiate?","answer":"Negotiation"}
{"text":["So you show pictures of people who play with kittens but also behead human beings?","Absolutely. It's a very strange contrast, but you'll see them behaving in very normal ways. Then you also see them participating in this awful violence.","Social media platforms are private companies. Why don't they just shut them down?","The problem is the companies don't really want to do thought policing. Open displays of violence, threats of violence against other people oftentimes get these accounts thrown off-line. But beyond that, it's very tough because who's to say one person's thoughts or ideas should render them thrown off the platform versus another?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"How do social media companies handle open displays of violence and threats of violence on their platforms?","answer":"Thought"}
{"text":["I think, given what we know about the internal divisions within Iran on some of these issues and the - their negotiating behavior in the past where they've made outrageous public statements and then in negotiations walk right - walked them right back, I wouldn't put too much credence in those statements at this point.","How much confidence do you have that the sanctions and the negotiations are going to be fruitful?","I think that this is going to create the best opportunity we've had in many, many years to test the seriousness of the Iranians and whether they're willing, you know, really, they're - they have a choice between either saving their economy and being part of - a viable part of the region or pursuing a nuclear weapons program that will make them a pariah, even more of a pariah than they are today. That's a pretty fundamental strategic choice. And I think we'll know in the coming weeks and months what choice they make.","Why won't deterrence and containment work with Iran?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"a viable part of the region\" means being accepted and respected by other countries in the region, rather than being physically viable.","questions":"Which aspect of being \"a viable part of the region\" is being emphasized in turn 2?","answer":"Accepted"}
{"text":["Can you give a practical example of that?","So companies like Starbucks. Starbucks was the place people went. It was the third place, not home and not the office. Can they rekindle that connection people have between Starbucks and their lives?","So how do you build an emotional connection with Starbucks, especially at a time where people are saying, 3. 75 for a latte?No thank you.","Yeah. The key word here is the experience. What are the experiences that you render to people as they go about their day?And those experiences can be online. Those experiences can be offline. They can be - how do you live and emote with a company like Starbucks or with a company like Microsoft or with a small company, with a product that you might buy -an ice cream that you might like."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This statement implies that people saw Starbucks as a place to go to that was distinct from their home or workplace but A was wondering whether Starbucks can recapture that emotional connection with consumers.","questions":"What was the key word mentioned by PersonA in regards to building an emotional connection with companies like Starbucks?","answer":"Experience"}
{"text":["Every day - every day there's. . .","Every day.",". . . More coming, absolutely. We average about 220 to 250 a day. And they're saying that that's probably anywhere from six months to 18 to 24 months. We just don't know.","Extraordinary. Chris Brice, the interim assistant manager of Luna County, N. M."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is starting a conversation and B is interrupting with a short response.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's opening statement?","answer":"Everyday"}
{"text":["Yeah. The numbers aren't necessarily looking his way.","No.","Glenn Thrush is the chief political correspondent of Politico. Thanks so much for being back with us.","Great to be here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Glenn Thrush is a highly respected journalist and it is an honor to have him join us.","questions":"How would you describe Glenn Thrush's profession?","answer":"Journalist"}
{"text":["So after the wasp sneaks under, it stings the tarantula. Then what does the wasp do?","Paralysis sets in almost instantaneously. In a second or two the tarantula is completely incapacitated, but still alive. And the tarantula hawk will then drag that tarantula to a burrow. So this could be the tarantula's own burrow. It could be a burrow that the tarantula hawk has dug itself. And it'll drag the tarantula down in there and place the tarantula upside down and it'll lay a single egg on the body of the tarantula. In a few days, that egg will hatch and the larvae will begin to feed on the living tarantula.","And the spider is still paralyzed.","That's right. So interestingly enough, if the egg doesn't hatch, the tarantula can actually recover and go on its way. But more often that larvae will hatch and eat its way into the living but still paralyzed tarantula, and it'll feed on that tarantula for several weeks. And at least some species will selectively feed on non-vital organs first to keep the tarantula alive longer."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"And the spider is still paralyzed.\" implies that the previous statement about the tarantula being completely incapacitated but still alive was correct, and that the paralysis has not yet worn off. However, the statement itself is quite literal in its meaning.","questions":"How is the tarantula after being stung by the wasp?","answer":"Incapacitated"}
{"text":["Her fencing tutor, when she is 13, makes her his mistress. Julie says he gave everything I desired and quite a few things I hadn't known existed. Oh, my word.","(Laughter) He was her father's boss. And he was one of the great nobleman of France at the time, a very, very powerful man. And all of a sudden, she was the very young mistress and was moved into Paris so that he could keep her separate from his wife, but she wanted more. And so very quickly she got bored and she ran off with her fencing master.","Yeah. There's a lot of fencing in this book. As soon as I say that, I realize metaphorical but also actual fencing in this book.","Well, I used to fence as a kid. It's one of the reasons I know about her. I fenced all through school and college, but I have to say that I'd - when I'm writing the fencing scenes, I do jump out of my chair and grab a foil - I've still got my old swords - and I act out the scenes for myself just to make sure that they make sense."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Well, I used to fence as a kid. It's one of the reasons I know about her. I fenced all through school and college, but I have to say that I'd - when I'm writing the fencing scenes, I do jump out of my chair and grab a foil - I've still got my old swords - and I act out the scenes for myself just to make sure that they make sense.  The implied meaning here is that the author's statement \"I act out the scenes for myself just to make sure that they make sense\" suggests that the author physically performs the movements and actions of fencing while writing the fencing scenes in the book. It implies that the author engages in a form of role-playing or physical enactment to ensure the authenticity and realism of the fencing scenes.","questions":"How does the author ensure the authenticity of the fencing scenes?","answer":"Act"}
{"text":["I want to ask you about a few sounds, and if you could begin by re-creating them. The first is -and I'm going to sign on to your language here - the breathy-voiced, long, low, back, unrounded vowel with advanced tongue root.","Aghhhh!","(Laughter)","I can't even do it without rolling my eyes. They automatically go right up to the roof."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (2) is expressing disbelief and exasperation, (3) is expressing amusement, and (4) is expressing exasperation and helplessness.","questions":"Which emotion is PersonA expressing in turn 3?","answer":"Amusement"}
{"text":["Oh, there are lots of modern blunders but not all of them are brilliant.","To be brilliant, it has to be truly an epic blunder, is what you're saying.","Well, it has to be something that in one way or another leads to a real breakthrough. You know, this is how I define, you know, a brilliant blunder and not just something that is a big mistake. I mean there are lots of huge mistakes.","While I was writing this book, when people would ask me what is your book about, I said, you know, it's about brilliant blunders and it's not an autobiography."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A brilliant blunder is not just a big mistake, but something that leads to progress.","questions":"Which kind of mistake leads to progress?","answer":"Mistake"}
{"text":["They were part of the crew of the USS Monitor, a celebrated Civil War ship that helped open a new era in naval warfare. The ship was ironclad, powered by steam instead of sails, and supported a rotating gun turret. The Monitor sank in a storm in 1862. Sixteen of 62 men on board went down with their ship. They were thought to be lost forever until 2002. The Monitor was being restored and the remains of two of the sailors were discovered in the turret. We're joined now by historian Anna Holloway. She's curator of the USS Monitor Center in Newport, Virginia. Thank very much for being with us.","Well, thank you so much for having me.","What do we know about these two sailors who have finally been buried?","Well, we still don't know their names, and that is one of the ongoing mysteries about these two heroes of the USS Monitor. However, as you mention, 16 men went down with the vessel, so there are 16 possibilities. Now, forensics tells us a little bit about them - their relative heights, their ages and their race - so that does narrow it down a bit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are no turns in the given conversation that have a meaning different from their literal meanings. All the turns convey their literal meanings without any implied or figurative language.","questions":"How many sailors were thought to be lost forever until 2002?","answer":"16"}
{"text":["What is - let's start with this. What is your personal collection to the work and the images in this book?","Well, to me this was a labor of love. I've been living in the U. S. I came back to England. It's my homeland. I came back to London, my home city, and I felt that the culture of the young black people in particular here were suffering from a kind of deficit, historically speaking.","There were younger people in my neighborhood who were bereft of history, who took their idea of themselves from watching their kind of generic hip-hop video material that they got from the video screen rather than really inquiring into the particular history and experience of our communities in this country.","As I looked at the book, I was trying to find a theme, and I don't know if I found one or not. What was, in your view, the major trends or themes that you saw unfolding over the century that are depicted in these photographs?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"bereft of history\" is a figurative expression meaning \"lacking a sense of connection to one's cultural or historical roots\"","questions":"How would you describe the cultural state of the young black people in the author's neighborhood before they got connected to their particular history?","answer":"Disconnected"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So what originally did the Consumer Product Safety Commission say was wrong with this stroller?","They were concerned about the front wheel of the stroller. It's a three-wheeled stroller, and they were concerned with the wheel falling off suddenly. It's attached to the stroller with a quick release, the same thing that attaches the wheels on bicycles. And so parents would be out running, jogging with their strollers, their kid in the middle. And the wheel would spontaneously fall off.","So the agency spent months investigating. And in 2017, they decided that Britax should recall the stroller, that it wasn't safe. And they even sued to try and force the company to recall the stroller. Tell us why that didn't happen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"They were concerned about the front wheel of the stroller.\" is a statement that provides an explanation of the Consumer Product Safety Commission's concern regarding the stroller. Its meaning is clear and straightforward.","questions":"Which part of the stroller was the Consumer Product Safety Commission concerned about?","answer":"Front"}
{"text":["I was struck by a phrase in Chris Arnold's piece about the dollar being the bedrock currency for much of the world. Is that jeopardized?","Very much so. Treasury debt is the only risk-free asset in the world. It undergirds the world's financial system, it's in everybody money market's funds. You know, China, among many other countries, buys Treasury bills like crazy - over a trillion dollars. So, if you'd have to start factoring in risk, even if it's political risk, into our debt, you know, two things happen. The rest of the world becomes less enchanted with buying it, and our interest payments - what the government has to pay to issue that debt will rise substantially.","Can I get you to play out your scenario about what happens if October 17 comes and there's no agreement?","I don't think that much will happen on October 17th. I think there's a little wiggle room. What happens on October 17th is the government loses its borrowing authority and it can only pay out the cash it has on hand. However, if we got to the end of the month and the United States missed a bond payment, I believe that you would have an event that is three, four, five, six times worse than the Lehman Brothers of five years ago. Because the banks rely on treasuries to trade with each other overnight. That's how they fund themselves. And if you take away trust in the financial system or U. S.  debt, it will be cataclysmic. The banks will freeze up. There will be no borrowing. It'll be like Lehman. The stock market will go down. It has the potential to be a true out-and-out disaster."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Struck by a phrase\" does not mean that someone physically hit someone else with words. It means that someone was caught by a specific expression or a saying that got their attention.","questions":"How was PersonB affected by Chris Arnold's piece?","answer":"Caught"}
{"text":["It's definitely a tough business. He saw it was a tough business, and he just thought one of the most secure fields would be medicine, and my parents always kind of pushed for that.","I imagine in the midst of all this now, you're - you guys are feeling pretty secure about that choice.","It's really a shame, everything that's happened, especially here in Michigan. I mean, I have so many friends and different family members and family friends that - of course, everyone is really nervous right now with the way the economy is going, with the way the auto industry is going. But yeah, it's definitely nice, thinking that, you know, I'm going into a very secure field.","What's it like to be a student in college in Michigan right now, in the midst of thousands of jobs being lost?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The field of medicine is secure, but the economy is not.","questions":"Which field is considered secure?","answer":"Secure"}
{"text":["Now, Ward Connerly said of economic affirmative action was okay so you know, rich and poor but not racial or gender. How do you feel about those distinctions?","I think that it's some - I think that there's something very misguided about that. If you're saying that the government can take action to try to bring about equality based on finances and economic status, it seems to me that given that racism and sexism still deform opportunity in this society, it makes no sense to stand against allowing the government and allowing the private sector to take action to try to bring about greater equality and equal opportunity.","Next week in Michigan, a federal district court judge is going to hear oral arguments against prop two. That judge could decide to throw out the proposition is unconstitutional but you're actually hoping for a full trial. Why?","We are, because we think that we have to go to the Supreme Court with a full record in these cases. We think that it's extremely important to get at the question of what is - of who has a preference in the society. And I think, as Ward Connerly himself admitted in our deposition, there are all kinds of preferences and privileges that white men have that still are not afforded to the whole society. And I think it's very important to get a trial record on that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker is explaining that they want a full trial to build a complete record of the case, in order to bring attention to the issue of privilege and preference in society, particularly those that benefit white men.","questions":"Which issue does the speaker want to bring attention to in the trial?","answer":"privilege"}
{"text":["Some folks get a little bit cranky about having to work on the holiday. It's a day that, you know, most of us spend with our family and friends. How do you feel about working on a day that most people get off?","Folks that work in NASA have a common bond of a real passion for the space program. So, we wouldn't be here if we didn't have that. And obviously, we'd like to be with our families, but if we can't be there, then the next best place to be is working on a space mission.","So, you know, we've been doing a space station for 10 years straight, and there's been someone here every year for every holiday. And beyond holidays even, you know, one of the crew members on board is having their wedding anniversary just yesterday, and tomorrow's one of the birthdays of one of the flight directors working the flight.","So, we all kind of take care and bond together and take care of each other. And we're having a Thanksgiving dinner here that management's all bringing in for the flight controllers that are working, and we try to shift people out so that, you know, there's three shifts so that people do get some time at home."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : cranky refers they're unwell or weak and not related to a shaft ","questions":"How would you describe the meaning of \"cranky\" in the context of the dialogue? (Answer: weak\/unwell)","answer":"Unwell"}
{"text":["Are a lot of Europeans rethinking whether or not they even want to be unified?","Yes, I think they are. I think a good many Europeans are thinking maybe open borders is not such a great idea. Maybe the best thing we can do is to start closing our borders and make sure that there are no migrants, no refugees, no foreign influences that are affecting our security and well-being inside the country.","You've also suggested that there's a kind of a parallel with politics in the United States at the moment.","Yeah, in some way I think you are seeing the same phenomenon in Europe as you are seeing with the support for Donald Trump and, to some extent, for Bernie Sanders who are attracting voters who are, in the Trump case, anti-immigrant, don't really want to be part of an activist foreign policy. They're anti-trade and they're nativists."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn (4) is another example of a turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker suggests that the phenomenon of attracting voters who are anti-immigrant, anti-trade, and nativist is similar in Europe and the United States, it does not necessarily mean that the situations are identical.","questions":"How is turn 4 an example of a turn whose meaning is different from its literal meaning?","answer":"implied"}
{"text":["How are you with intimacy these days?Where do you seek it?Where do you get it?Is it still in making eye contact with strangers?Is it when you get on a stage?","I don't know. I am more ambivalent. I am - when I'm on stage now, I don't laser beam my eyeballs into other people's eyeballs. . .","(Laughter).",". . . like I used to. I mean, I used to victimize people with my eyeballs one by one."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A used to make intense eye contact with strangers but now avoids it.","questions":"What did PersonA used to do with their eyeballs?","answer":"Laser"}
{"text":["Yeah. And that took a lot out of my legs. I was pretty fatigued by the end of the game, and I'm feeling it today.","And do - I bet you are a little tired.","But at - towards the end of the game, where you aware of the record?And where you aware you'd broken it?","I wasn't aware, actually. I think I was just so tired and so focused on scoring the basketball. There's a stretch late in the second half where I think I hit seven or eight consecutive threes, and I knew something special was going on after that."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"where you aware of the record?\" - This question is using the word \"where\" as a way of asking whether the speaker was aware of the record, rather than asking about the physical location of their awareness.","questions":"How did the speaker ask about the player's awareness of the record?","answer":"Aware"}
{"text":["Well, I think we're at an interesting crossroads, because modern medicine has had to acknowledge that there are other forms of medicine because of the way people are spending their dollar. People spend more money seeing alternative practitioners than they do in seeing their primary care doctors. They make more visits to alternative care. The problem is now, that modern medicine is seeking to determine what's efficacious. It's seeking to try to squeeze everything into a biomedical model, in terms of testing and creating whatever evidence that, you know, they need to create, to write an article.","But you can't really do this with energy medicine. So I think that what's going to happen is you're having stronger associations of people that are naturopaths, chiropractors, people doing craniosacral work. So what's happening is that people are getting skills in areas that are allowing them to encroach on things that have previously been treated just by modern medicine. So when you - so people - clinics and hospitals are going to have to move more in the direction of an integrated medical facility.","Well, Dr.  Kokayi, great to talk to you.","I appreciate the time and just to share and put those ideas out there.","Dr.  Kamau Kokayi is the medical director of Kokayi Health Center for Holistic Medicine. He also hosts the New York radio show Global Medicine Review."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Clinics and hospitals will have to integrate alternative medicine.","questions":"How will modern medicine have to adapt in response to the popularity of alternative medicine?","answer":"Integrate"}
{"text":["Oh, yeah. Now, the - no, you've got two different, very distinct threats. You've got the homeland, you know, converted through the internet or perhaps with some of the mosques or some of the individuals here in the United States. But no, it is clear from, you know, all kind of open-source reporting and other information that is available.","But I wonder if you can name - I don't know - even one instance.","The - no. You have the folks a couple of years ago that came across from Vancouver. But just because they have not yet executed a terrorist attack. . .","That's the Canadian border."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In (3), the speaker is implying that just because there hasn't been a terrorist attack yet, it doesn't mean that there won't be one in the future.","questions":"What is the PersonA's response to PersonB's question about naming an instance of homeland threat in the dialogue?","answer":"no"}
{"text":["(Reading) It should be pointed out that the Runyon Street homicides remain under active investigation. This office dismissed the case against Sanford because we were unable to retry the case. This dismissal is not the same as exoneration. It must be emphasized that Vincent Smothers has had several opportunities to testify under oath to exonerate Sanford but each time has refused.","So how do you respond to that?","It's hard to know what to make of that statement. My first response is that the attorney general - so the top prosecutor of the state of Michigan - has found that Davontae Sanford is innocent and has accepted that fact and agreed to award him over $400,000 in compensation. Vincent Smothers has declared that he is guilty and has said in a sworn affidavit that Davontae Sanford had nothing to do with it. My understanding is that none of the people to whom Smothers pointed have been prosecuted or indeed will be prosecuted by Kym Worthy.","Every now and then over the years, I've talked to prosecutors about exoneration cases. And they often say, look, they were legally convicted by a jury. The conviction was upheld on appeal. You can't make the legal system work if it's vulnerable to people showing up years after the fact sometimes, changing their testimony or even confessing - because that can be problematic."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Prosecutors sometimes prioritize finality over justice, even when faced with new evidence.","questions":"Which priority do some prosecutors put over justice?","answer":"finality"}
{"text":["Well, I mean, he's basically had to divest himself of things so that there was no conflict with him working for the government, having had been at Goldman. In that respect, he's gotten, you know, some of those conflicts out of the way already.","There's going to be a conflict of interests in this program. I mean, the asset manager that they hire, they're going to have to have experience managing the kind of assets that the Treasury wants to buy. And so they probably will own some of these assets or manage assets for other clients, for pension funds, for other investors. And so there are going to be huge conflicts. And the Treasury is struggling right now with how to make sure those conflicts are as minimal as possible.","Is there another potential problem that Neel Kashkari is not going to be in Washington much longer if there's a change in administrations. And that that'll cause some kind of turbulence, and, for that matter, Secretary Paulson might not be in place come January.","You're right. There is going to be a huge reshuffling. I mean, four months is not a long time, and it's not the best time to be changing shifts. But it happens, and the Treasury is already working on a transition team trying to make sure that they keep the Obama and the McCain campaigns abreast of what they're doing. And then, after November, they plan to work pretty hard with whomever they designate as a Treasury Secretary."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Treasury is struggling to minimize conflicts of interests in their program.","questions":"How is the Treasury addressing conflicts of interest?","answer":"Minimize"}
{"text":["That's right, one of these men - yeah, there was a seafood, wholesale seafood dealer in Southern China, in the province of Guangdong, who got the nickname the poison king because he had infected so many other people. He got very sick, went into a hospital in the city of Guangzhou. He started to suffer respiratory blockage.","They intubated him, they put a tube down his throat to help him breathe, but in the course of doing that, he was - you know, he was spewing out virus, he was coughing and sputtering and spitting. And health care workers became infected just in the course of intubating him.","So he infected more than his share, and then there was the other fellow at the hotel who infected more than his share.","It really - your book really made me feel a huge debt of gratitude to people who work in the health care industry because it can be really heroic work, and it seems like they put their life on the line in some cases."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Health care workers are at risk of getting infected.","questions":"What were the symptoms of the seafood dealer infected with the virus?","answer":"coughing"}
{"text":["Congress looked like they might get some kind of deal on immigration this past week. Didn't happen. What did happen?","They had a big sit-down meeting among all the House Republicans, and they talked about a deal, but they didn't reach one. The problem is that one faction within the House Republican caucus wants to protect the DREAMers, the people in the U. S.  illegally who were brought here as children. The other faction at the opposite end of the spectrum opposes anything they see as amnesty. And they want full funding for Trump's border wall with Mexico and a number of other changes to current law on legal immigration as well.","So it's not clear how much of that can get worked out, even among House Republicans, let alone with the Senate or the president.","I have to ask, how does the director of the Environmental Protection Agency, Scott Pruitt, hold onto his job?It seems like every few hours, there's charges of some kind of new ethical infraction. Yeah. I mean, he would have been let go from a greeter position at Walmart by now."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Scott Pruitt has committed multiple ethical violations and is unfit to hold his position at the Environmental Protection Agency.","questions":"How is Scott Pruitt described in turn 3?","answer":"Unfit"}
{"text":["Well, I say that may be the case. And I'm for affirmative action. I'm for giving opportunities to minorities. I'm for immigration reform. I'm a very proud Hispanic. But I just think the Democratic Party has to communicate a better message of economic populism, of helping small businesses. Somehow the centrist white male, the conservative white male that used to vote Democratic from the South and the Midwest is eluding us. And we've got to get that base back or get some portion of the base because they're leaving us in droves.","And what about those politicians that might say, hey, look, we won a couple of national elections with the demographics that we have in the Democratic Party.","Well, what I say to them is that's great. But we've lost the Congress. We've lost the House. We've lost the Senate. We lose governorships. And, you know, it's not just the presidency that has the power in this country. It's local officials, it's county commissioners, it's governors. It's not just the Congress. It's a whole range of offices where we're not competing because we - we need a stronger, compelling economic message. And somehow, that seems to be eluding us if you look at recent elections, especially in the South and the Midwest.","You've already cited Bernie Sanders. And I gather you have endorsed Hillary Clinton for the Democratic nomination for president. How do you think Secretary Clinton addresses these issues?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implies that A has endorsed Hillary Clinton and believes she effectively addresses the issues.","questions":"How does PersonA feel about Hillary Clinton's ability to address the issues?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Anthony Leiserowitz of the - he's the director of the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication at Yale. How can you follow up with this?Can you keep coming up with new polls so we can follow this?","Oh, absolutely. We'll be doing this at least twice a year and, of course, we have lots of other colleagues around the country that are also surveying on this exact same topics.","And will we know if this does move into the - more into the political discourse as well as the public discourse?","Well, I think we'll see it. I mean, first of all, you can see it in the amount of - number of times that the president talks about this, that candidate Mitt Romney talks about this, as well as across the board. I mean, remember, it's not just the presidential election. There are some Senate races and congressional races all over this country. And what we're seeing is that a lot of people are beginning to ask the question about climate change."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"How can you follow up with this?\" - This is a literal question about how the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication can continue to conduct new polls on the topic.","questions":"What is the topic that the president, Mitt Romney, and other candidates are talking about in the political discourse, according to the person being interviewed in the dialogue?","answer":"Climate"}
{"text":["Well, most recently, we did a research project where we sent psychologists and medical doctors to meet with former detainees at Abu Ghraib in Guantanamo - doing physical exams, psychological exams, X-rays, bone scans, rectal exams - to see if the stories that they had told were actually true. And the doctors that reviewed the research and did the work said that the story was so gross that they could hardly read all of the report. So, it's that kind of funding that had us put out a report called \"Broken Laws, Broken Lives,\" which is being used in the Congress to investigate the violations of human rights to the folks that have been detained. So, that's the kind of work that the JET Foundation funded that we now have lost.","So, you won't have $175,000 going forward. Is there a way to make up that money?","Well, I think its individual. I think there's a lot of folks out there from all sides of the table that want to restore our credibility, and they are the people, I think, that ultimately will fund our work. And if I can find about 175 people to give me 1,000 bucks, we'll be able to continue that critical work.","Frank Donaghue is the CEO of Physicians for Human Rights. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : all sides of the table refers to different opinions people have","questions":"What kind of work did the JET Foundation fund that they have now lost?","answer":"work"}
{"text":["Well, Pluto's official designation is a dwarf planet. And I have to tell you the people who sent this probe all the way out to Pluto are a little angry about that because when they launched it a decade ago, Pluto was still a planet.","(Laughter).","It got downgraded in the intervening years.","That seems so unfair."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is expressing sympathy for the people who sent the probe, showing that they understand why they feel so disappointed.","questions":"Which probe?","answer":"The"}
{"text":["Well, he risks alienating immigration hard-liners. But that's not necessarily the same category as Republicans. Immigration restrictionists have been some of Donald Trump's strongest supporters, whether you're talking about breitbart. com or Ann Coulter, Laura Ingraham.","But some in that same sort of populist conservative media base - some Fox News figures, Rush Limbaugh - have actually been supportive. And many Republicans in Congress support this policy. Immigration is a very tricky issue. There's a reason that the last two presidents, Republican and Democrat, have tried very hard to reform the immigration system and failed.","However, you know, the irony is you have the House speaker, Paul Ryan, for example, coming out and saying, well, this isn't up to the president. This is up to Congress. And they're sort of irked that they've been left out, the congressional Republican leadership. But the irony is this is a thing they want to do. They do want to protect the DREAMers. And they do want to, even the Republicans, many of them - want to pass some kind of immigration reform.","I want to ask you a quick question. Before we move on, Hillary Clinton is on book tour. I like what I've read of the book. It's not a on-the-one-hand-this, on-the-one-hand-that kind of memoir. Are there political repercussions from anything that she said?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The irony is that even though congressional Republican leadership may be opposed to Donald Trump's immigration policy, they still ultimately want to pass some kind of immigration reform.","questions":"Which policy do many Republicans want to pass, despite the fact that congressional Republican leadership may be opposed to it?","answer":"Immigration-reform"}
{"text":["So this new leader - when he took over, what kind of things did he change?","He upped all the stakes, really. He decided that the Brethren were not being hardline enough, that they weren't being separate enough. And he enforced the rule that if you had a teenager in your house who had been raised in the Brethren but was not yet breaking bread - i. e. , fully compliant - you couldn't eat with them. You couldn't eat with non-Brethren outside. You couldn't go to the cinema or have radios or television or newspapers.","So effectively, he not only separated off the Brethren from all contact with the outside world - you know, they might have been able before to have worked for non-Brethren. Now they had to work for other Brethren. And there was a great deal more compliance and surveillance as well. There's a lot of mass confessions. There are a lot of punishments for noncompliant behavior.","Now, you mention you were born into it. And your father wasn't just part of it. He was a high-ranking leader. How high did his influence go?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  the speaker is not talking about physical separation but rather a more metaphorical one in which the Brethren are cut off from the outside world in terms of their beliefs and practices. The mention of working only for other Brethren and mass confessions also indicate a more metaphorical level of control and surveillance.","questions":"How did the new leader enforce separation among the Brethren?","answer":"Compliance."}
{"text":["Excellent. How did all of this get started, this particular legend?","Well, it started with a legend in Mexico where two little children were working in their family garden. They were wishing for nice gifts from their parents, but they could not make up their mind what they really wanted, so all of a sudden, a fairy godmother appeared, and she granted them one wish and one wish only. So the kids thought and thought what they really, really wanted for Christmas. So, they finally decided and told their fairy godmother that their only wish for Christmas was that every child in Mexico and in the entire world would have a very merry Christmas.","So the fairy godmother was really, really surprised at this. These two little poor kids had said that is all that they would wish for. So the fairy godmother was really lost at what, you know, what she could really provide for them. She thought and thought, and finally she thought of Pancho Clause. Pancho Clause would bring joy and happiness to all the kids in Mexico and in the entire world, and this is how Pancho Clause was born.","So you dress up as Pancho Clause each year, what do you wear?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Pancho Clause was not literally born - it is just the origin of the legend. ","questions":"Which character was unable to provide the children with their wish?","answer":"Fairy"}
{"text":["Well, Jackson had come into my E. R. because he had been shot, and an area surrounding the bullet wound - which was still lodged in his leg - appeared infected. And while I was examining him, a medical student handed me a piece of paper that revealed the results of a microbiological test which showed that Jackson had contracted a superbug.","And the terrifying part for him and for our team is that the infection was only treatable with one antibiotic called colistin. And that's a drug that fell out of favor years ago because it was so outrageously toxic. But here we were on the cusp of so much medical advancement, and we were reaching for outdated drugs to treat patients because the bacteria had evolved and mutated in ways that we only had incredibly limited treatment options.","From there, you take us back 100 years to a World War I battlefield in France, a field hospital actually. Tell us why you are connecting these two moments.","Well, I connect those moments because there was a similar situation of a young physician treating a bullet wound. And he was practicing medicine in the days before antibiotics. His name was Alexander Fleming. And he was only using antiseptic fluid and scalpels."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite medical advancement, outdated and toxic drugs were used.","questions":"What was the name of the antibiotic used to treat Jackson's infection?","answer":"Colistin"}
{"text":["It was like a scientific menagerie. It was just amazing.","And they have a cockatiel or. . .","Yeah. The main - a cockatiel. The main activity that day was happening in the wind tunnel. So this is - it's huge. I think - I hesitate to do the actual length, but I think probably like 40 feet, not the actual enclosure, but between the fan on one side. And they blow wind through this sort of enclosure and put the birds in, and then they can change the wind speed to make the birds flap, at sort of the equivalent of different speeds.","So they're like flying in the wind tunnel with the wind in the face."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  In turn (4), the speaker describes the birds \"flying\" in the wind tunnel with the wind blowing in their faces, which is not a literal description of flight but rather an approximation of the experience.","questions":"How did the speaker describe the bird's experience in the wind tunnel?","answer":"Flying"}
{"text":["We argued that six months was way, way too short. You're talking about trying to go into archives, documents, find materials. Unfortunately, this was what was included in the legislation. And we've urged the Polish government to open that deadline - indeed, to open the program to people who never filed claims or for whom no claim - buildings for which no claims were filed.","But the Polish government didn't agree.","Unfortunately not. We're hoping that the Polish government will look again at this issue and make this process easier not only in terms of the deadline but also what documentation is required. Make sure that archives are open and material is accessible because if you have a right and legislation but not the means to enforce it - and particularly for many of the Holocaust survivors and their families, virtually all of whom live outside of Poland, it's very difficult. They don't speak the language. They don't live in the country. To address even the administrative issues is extremely difficult.","And what makes this important, so many years after the terrible events we're talking about - after the crimes we're talking about?","We're facing a situation where, in the next few years, we will be living in a world where there won't be Holocaust survivors. It's a population, obviously, that's very elderly, very sick and passing away very rapidly. So we think it's a matter of justice and morality to address and to conclude this issue before that last of that generation disappears."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : And what makes this important, so many years after the terrible events we're talking about - after the crimes we're talking about?  The implied meaning of B's statement is that they are questioning the significance or relevance of the discussed matter after so many years have passed since the terrible events and crimes mentioned. They seek to understand the current importance or urgency of addressing the issue.","questions":"What is PersonB questioning in turn 3?","answer":"Terrible"}
{"text":["Now to address this, there are a number of policy proposals on the table. They're called push and pull incentives, which can entice these companies to stay in the antibiotic business. A push incentive might be something where you go to a company that's making billions of dollars and say we'll cut your corporate tax rate if you promise to invest some of those profits into new antibiotics. This is a sure-fire way to get more money into the pipeline. However, many people recoil at the idea of giving a tax break to a multi-billion dollar company.","We started our conversation talking about the patient you referred to as Jackson - a gunshot wound, you had some difficult choices to make with him in terms of treatment. How did it work out for him?","Well, without giving away too much, he does - his story does have a happy ending. But it does not involve antibiotics. And I think that his case is emblematic of the fact that we're increasingly shifting away from the typical model of using antibiotics to treat infections. And there is an array of new treatment options that are coming out - things like bacteriophages and CRISPR-based gene-editing techniques, where we can use a molecular scalpel to modify a strand of nucleic acids to create a new treatment that will cure patients.","But what I want readers to appreciate is how difficult it will be to bring those discoveries into your local hospital based on the current financial model. In many cases, it simply will never happen because the challenges of getting a drug approved by the FDA are so formidable that companies just don't want to go there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Giving a tax break to a multi-billion dollar company is controversial","questions":"How do push incentives entice companies to stay in the antibiotic business?","answer":"Incentives"}
{"text":["But what is likely to happen if the men succeed and these lawsuits gain class-action status?I mean, could it upend how these cases are treated?","I mean, if they did gain class-action status, which I personally think is pretty steep thing for them to get, I think that it could result in a lot of these either being kicked back to the school and these students and the survivors having to go through all of this again, and it also has a wider reaching impact as far as what students who are going through these circumstances see and think as far as reporting. And that's one of the things that I see as a concern.","Yeah. What message does it send to the victims?","Right. What message does it send to the victims who have already been a minority of people who report, and because the school didn't do it the right way, that their situation is not validated. And I do think that it can have a real chilling impact on other survivors reporting and coming forward and saying, as we have said in recent years, #MeToo because they think it just may come back and not matter."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  I think that it could result in a lot of these either being kicked back to the school and these students","questions":"What could happen if the lawsuits gain class-action status?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["The best story.","Just another story.","Really quickly, the New York Jets have announced their new head coach, Bill, and I know that that is a subject of your next wonderful column. Give us a sneak preview.","Well, yeah. Buddy Ryan's son, Rex Ryan, had his first conference yesterday, and you know, he was so enthusiastic I was ready to snap on the pass."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A isn't really ready to snap on the pass. That just means that the coach's enthusiasm was infectious, and 'A' felt like he was ready to play football for him.","questions":"What was the reason for PersonA feeling enthusiastic?","answer":"Infectious"}
{"text":["Good to talk to you.","How important an event was this that Mr.  Kim missed?","It was a very important event. It's an event in a mausoleum where his father, previously ruler of North Korea is buried, interred, and so is his grandfather, the founding leader of North Korea. So it was a big deal. Kim Jong Un has not been seen since September 3, when he attended a concert in Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea, with his wife.","Before that, he'd been seen frequently, but always waddling with a really bad limp. He was clearly in discomfort, and finally the North Korean authorities said he is in physical discomfort. So there's something up. We don't quite know what. The speculation is he's had surgery, he's ill, ranging right through to there's been a coup, and he's lost power or certainly being shunted away from power. That's the speculation.","Now, we're talking about somebody who - as my recollection is - he's on television every two minutes. So this must be a tremendous vacuum in the lives of North Koreans."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  implies that Kim Jong Un's absence is unusual and concerning","questions":"How would you describe the nature of Kim Jong Un's absence?","answer":"Unusual"}
{"text":["So do you think that there should be some kind of accountability that maybe Congress says, OK, yeah, you can have some of this money, but it will mean a change in leadership, Bank of America.","A change in leadership might be good. I think part of the problem here is that now that we've started down this path of every quarter when the bank comes in and says, oops, our bad bets got worse this quarter, we need more money, we've gotten to the point where we can't say no to that. And again, what's most galling about this for anybody who admires a free market in any way is that the idea is that if you're free to make these bets, you're supposed to pay the price for that. And we are still protecting the shareholders of these banks, and we're still protecting the bondholders.","You can say all day long, which is probably true, that we have to protect the customers or the system really is in danger. But you can do that without bailing out the bondholders and shareholders, which is what everybody is so outraged about.","Henry Blodget is the outraged founder and editor of Clusterstock. com. Henry, thanks for talking with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : you can say all day long means that they can say it repeatedly. ","questions":"Which phrase means the same as \"repeatedly\" in turn 2?","answer":"Repeatedly"}
{"text":["When you say that this law is intended to create a firewall around the state, do you think that this is where things are headed - where certain states will allow access to abortions and other states simply won't?","That's certainly my fear, and that was why this was so important to get passed before we adjourned. And, you know, ultimately, I've been working on this issue my entire adult life.","And I used to say, if Roe falls. And for the last year, I've been saying, when Roe falls. And it, frankly, still feels like a gut-punch every time I say it. But I think that there has been this very strategic and determined process by the other side to get cases into the pipeline that will ultimately lead to Roe falling.","Do you think that Democrats and people who support abortion rights have been outmaneuvered?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Pipeline here means the various people that need to know about it.","questions":"Which term refers to the people who need to know about the process mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Pipeline"}
{"text":["Yes. We got involved and that's 25 years ago. And it took us about 25 years to get it done. We met monthly. And - well, actually, we met like biweekly and just phonetically translate it - every word in the New Testament to Gullah.","Can you read something for us, a short passage?","Well, why don't I read just the first few verses of the Lord's Prayer that most people are familiar with?","That would be wonderful."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Well, why don't I read just the first few verses of the Lord's Prayer that most people are familiar with? (Actual meaning: A suggests reading a portion of the Lord's Prayer that is well-known to most people.)","questions":"Which passage does PersonA suggest reading?","answer":"Lord's"}
{"text":["But there are some bright spots in the world of retail. We hear about one of them today as part of our series this week, giving you a little break from all that bad economic news. Lisa Olivares manages a kiosk. It's called CCE Headgear. It's at a mall in Fayetteville, North Carolina near Fort Bragg. I recently gave Lisa a call on her cell phone while she was working at the kiosk.","We do custom embroidery. You can either bring in your own items or we provide them for you.","And we're hearing from you on your cell phone at the kiosk now, and we should note that where you are is not too far from Fort Bragg, which is home to the 82nd Airborne Division. And apparently, a lot of the soldiers have been coming home, and how has that affected your business?","Well, I mean, all the economy has been affected, but we're not as bad because luckily, we do do a lot of things for the military. Their wives are still here, so it's constantly them bringing in things that they need to be shipped overseas or just little minor things, things for the babies. It does keep a good flow in, though."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The kiosk's business is not as bad as others due to military customers.","questions":"How has the military affected the kiosk's business?","answer":"Military"}
{"text":["Most certainly, you know, because when it's so many deaths and injured, emotions tend to run really high. And we're certainly worried.","But so far, have you heard of any incidents of intimidation or violence?","There has been a few minor incidents - nothing major. Pelting stones at a few mosques. And on Sunday itself, two shops were burned down.","Two shops, I think."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is implying that there have been small reports of violence, such as stones being thrown at mosques and shops being burned down.","questions":"How many incidents of violence has PersonA mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["So this is the story. In Islam, you can't remove a picture which has a cross in it. That was my wife's understanding. She - that's what she gave me to understand. And she said, don't ever remove this. And then this restaurant became very lucky for us. We - from being hand to mouth, we became self-sufficient. So this proved to be a lucky painting. Plus, this was a colorful painting, and this was all we could afford at the time. So we want to keep it, and we want to keep that cross as long as I'm alive and kicking.","It's a sign of how so many communities have built Houston into what it is today - influencing each other, melding into something unique. Lashkari has applied that to the dishes he serves. His signature chicken curry, cooked in huge metal pots in his sweltering, fragrant kitchen, is made with Mexican tomatillos and cilantro. It's incredibly delicious. And we ate that along with the best saag paneer, a spinach and cheese dish, that I have ever tasted.","We do a lot of fusion right now. This restaurant is famous for its fried chicken. It's fried the Southern way, but it's - the chicken - the raw chicken is marinated with Indian spices. My white gravy is made with cashew nuts and almonds and coconut. So it looks like a white gravy of the chicken-fried steak, but it's totally different.","So Pakistani and Indian food with deep Texas roots.","Yeah, yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"In Islam, you can't remove a picture which has a cross in it.\" - This turn has a figurative meaning because Islam does not allow the use of religious symbols like crosses, so it is unlikely that this would be a literal rule.","questions":"What is the religious significance of a cross in a picture according to Islam?","answer":"Symbol"}
{"text":["And, my gosh, you've had an interesting careers.","Well, I did science at school, largely, when I was a teenager and I became a doctor. I did five years medical school and became a doctor and was terrified for every single second of my medical career. I'd seemed to emerge from medical school with a qualification but nevertheless, I seemed to know nothing and was so scared and. . .","(Laughter) Forgive me, I'm so glad I didn't blunder into your practice.","Well, do you know, patients liked me 'cause I was really jolly and nice and what they didn't realize is they'd probably been much better off with some mumbling introvert who actually knew something. And in fact, I dreaded it. And my only happy day as a doctor was one sunny summer day where we got no admissions at all and I sat on the lawn outside the hospital and read \"The Longest Journey\" by E.  M.  Forster. That was the only happy day, and in the end, I didn't go back. And I thought, well, what could I do?I'm not qualified for anything else. I thought, the only thing I've done is comedy. And I applied for and got a job with BBC Light Entertainment in radio."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of euphemisms, understatement, or hyperbole may be intended to soften or intensify the impact of their words, or to convey a subtle subtext or implication.","questions":"How did the speaker use language in turn 3 to convey a deeper meaning?","answer":"subtle"}
{"text":["So Flame has - so far they've found about 20 modules that can be swapped in and out, and they do everything from turning on the internal microphone and webcam on your computer, this way that they could record conversations that you have over Skype or conversations that you have in the room, in the vicinity of the computer.","It takes screenshots of your communications. They seem particularly interested in any email communications or instant messaging communication that you do. It also turns your computer into a Bluetooth beacon. So if you have Bluetooth enabled on your computer, they will turn that on and do a discovery for other Bluetooth-enabled devices in the vicinity, such as a phone, and they will use your computer to then siphon the contact information that is in any phone in the area.","Wow. Wow.","Why all those things?I mean, what's the reason for that?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"What's the reason for that?\" is a literal question that means what is the motive or purpose behind the actions described in the previous turns, and its actual meaning is the same as its literal meaning.","questions":"Which question does turn 3 ask?","answer":"Motive"}
{"text":["It's possible, but for the active vaccines, yeah, that's correct.","Is there a lot of research that's going on in this field?","There is. It's sparse. There are some groups that have been working in this for a number of years, but like I said, it's - the research requires a lot of different initiatives. So it's not something that a group who's just doing chemistry or immunology can do. You have to kind of meld together chemistry, immunology and neuropharmacology to kind of look at this overall process.","And is there great interest?You say there might be interest if you can develop this in - for people, the drug companies, because it's given later, might be interested in it as opposed to giving, as you say, prophylactics to drug addicts."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3): The research requires a lot of different initiatives. = It takes a lot of effort to research this field.","questions":"What kind of initiatives are required for researching this field?","answer":"Various"}
{"text":["Donald Trump questioned John McCain's war heroism. He suggested that Senator Ted Cruz's father was involved with the Kennedy assassination. He slurred Senator Cruz's wife. What do you say to colleagues who just say, I'm sorry, our nominee just shouldn't be someone who talks like that?","Well, you know, and I've heard that from a number of people. And I've said to them, look, you know what, not asking you to fall in love with him. Let's just fall in line as a party because we're facing now the greatest challenge I think we've seen, not just as a party but our country.","And I'm more concerned with a Never Hillary (laughter) than a Never Trump. And I just don't understand how an Obama, Clinton or Sanders agenda would be good for the country. And I'm just thinking right now for our country, we need to come together. For our party, we need to come together.","Republicans have called Donald Trump a demagogue and a racist - prominent Republicans - for statements on mass deportations, Mexican immigrants and barring Muslims from the United States. What do you say to them?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  This turn actually means that the speaker is more concerned with the alternative (Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, or Bernie Sanders) than with a \"Never Trump\" attitude, and that it is important for the country and party to come together despite any reservations about Trump.","questions":"Which alternative is the speaker more concerned with?","answer":"Obama"}
{"text":["I suspect that more than a wee dram has been ingested in Scotland, particularly over the past few months, between people grousing about being under the thumb of London and the U. K. In the end, did a lot of Scots decide they kind of like the English?","I really don't think this is a kind of loving of Britain. I think that we had a double negative affect here rather than a positive embrace of what's British. It was more to do with a fear of how we might mess up if we go it alone, I think. There is just something within the Scottish psyche, I think. It's fairly confrontational, the psychology of the Scots. We tend to not wholeheartedly embrace something and say, you know, oh God, we love being British or we love you or, you know, we'll say, ah, you're not bad. You know, that's a very Scottish expression. I think that's what we've done with England and the rest of the U. K.  You know what; it's not that bad rather than suddenly discovering our Britishness.","Ewan Morrison, author and screenwriter, author of \"Tales From The Mall,\" joining us from Glasgow, Scotland - still the U. K. Thanks very much for being with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Thank you for having me.\" - The actual meaning is figurative, as the speaker is not physically being \"had\" or possessed by the host, but rather expressing gratitude for the opportunity to participate in the conversation.","questions":"What is the speaker expressing gratitude for?","answer":"Participation"}
{"text":["Every president in his or - his - well, I should say his or her. Every president in their first year has an unexpected crisis, whether it's national security, a natural disaster, domestic unrest. This is certainly shaping up to be Donald Trump's unexpected crisis. And I think he realizes that. And the stakes are getting higher, and I think that's why he's lashing out more because I think he realizes what's going on.","It's moved to the capital. As we said Secretary Price has resigned, but at least three more Cabinet members face similar accusations about charter jets. Whatever happened to them, can the Trump administration say they'll drain the swamp when they seem to be flying over it in private jets?","You, know, this reminds me of that line from \"The Godfather\" about Mr.  Corleone likes his bad news early. Donald Trump is not like bad news. And this was starting to spread to other cabinet members, obviously. And I think the we'll-see when he was asked whether Trump - I mean, whether Price should resign was his way of signaling, yes. And sure enough, Tom Price offered his resignation. And unlike the Session's case, the president accepted it because I think he sees this for the irony that it is of his own cabinet doing what he campaigned exactly against.","Is the Republican Party offering much of a profile of leadership at the moment?- can't get Repeal and Replace passed, the tax code seems - proposal seems fuzzy, federal response seems to certainly be slow if not negligent in Puerto Rico. We could go on."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - The actual meaning is that the Trump administration is facing criticism for their use of private jets, which goes against their promise to \"drain the swamp\" and reduce government corruption.","questions":"What is the criticism faced by the Trump administration?","answer":"Criticism"}
{"text":["And the Trump administration has said that some of these many navigator programs were failing to meet their targets, that they were going to put the largest reductions on to the groups that weren't performing. How does that apply to you?","It does not apply to the Ohio Association of Food Banks and our consortia partners. We have served for four years to carry out navigator activities in the state of Ohio. And for those four years, we have met, nearly met or exceeded all of our deliverables. All of the feedback that we had received was very positive - keep up the great work. We certainly wish other states would perform to your level and standards. I believe at one point they even said that we were, quote, \"rock stars. \"","So I can - may I presume that you were shocked?","Shocked would be an understatement, but really deeply, deeply and profoundly disappointed and felt as though, quite frankly, we were being held hostage in the belief that it was really - appeared to be a political maneuver to damage the viability and stability of the Affordable Care Act. And at that point, our members voted unanimously to terminate our contract on navigator services in Ohio."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"rock stars\" is used figuratively to mean that the Ohio Association of Food Banks and their partners were performing exceptionally well, rather than literally referring to musicians or performers.","questions":"What was the feedback received by the Ohio Association of Food Banks regarding their navigator activities?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["So Virginia was demographically the ideal Barack Obama success story. It was not a one color success story. It was a multicolored \u2014 he even did better than he's done anywhere else among Latinos. So Virginia is really, if you will, the marquee state for the Barack Obama coalition that he wants to put together.","What about independent voters?Independents or particularly first time voters seemed to have come out.","Yes. In fact, first time voters are largely a creation in this particular cycle of the Barack Obama campaign. That's why they came out. It isn't just because they are suddenly interested in the political process; it's Obama. And in Virginia in particular Obama did so well among independents that he was the reason largely that Mike Huckabee threatened John McCain at all in Virginia. Otherwise McCain would have counted on five to 10 percentage points more from independents who were being attracted over to the other side by Barack Obama.","Before we let you go, there are so many ways to crunch the delegates on the Democratic side. But specifically in terms of delegates that the two candidates have won, in the primaries and caucuses, how are they standing now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Virginia being a success story for Barack Obama's coalition despite its diverse demographics.","questions":"Which state was the \"marquee state\" for the Barack Obama coalition that he wants to put together?","answer":"Virginia"}
{"text":["Tell me how you grew up.","Well, my grandparents raised me. When their - they had - they've been foster parents for as long as I can remember. And I was actually the first child other than their own that they actually took care of, and they raised me since I was six months old.","Although my mom lived there as well, she was always - you know, raised me as well, but I lived in their house. I always kept myself around something musical, whether it was being in a play where I played the drunk daughter, or sneaking out to the studio to make a, you know, a demo that never became anything. But you know, it was all a part of what I felt I needed to do beyond, you know, those - that house and beyond church. You know, I was always looking for something to do outside of that - of those four walls.","In this book, you talk about some really rough times you went through. Being held out a window by an abusive boyfriend who threatened to drop you to your death, being beat up, being manipulated. Why do you feel that it was important to put all that in the book?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The author included difficult experiences in the book for a reason.","questions":"Which book contains the author's difficult experiences?","answer":"Book"}
{"text":["Great to be here.","Could you take us back to that moment - 1947, I guess; the Hotel Pennsylvania in Manhattan; and Edwin Land wheels in this mahogany-clad contraption.","That's right. At the very first demonstration, it was at a meeting of a big optical society; and he brought in one of those big-view cameras - the kind you see in pictures from the 19th century; you know, the big wooden thing with a cloth over the head. And they had installed a special back on it, to take prototype instant film. And as the story goes, he pulls a sheet of film out of his camera; and he puts it through a little pair of rollers, to develop it; and 50 seconds later, he peels it off and reveals his own face. And in fact, because they. . .","I feel like I should go (gasps)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"What year did the demonstration take place?","answer":"1947"}
{"text":["Well, what it does is it does away with the prohibition against rating on pre-existing conditions, meaning that if you have a pre-existing condition - and about a third of us do - that you could be charged a much higher rate for insurance. So let me give you an example. Somebody is working, they have insurance, and they have a catastrophic illness - cancer, some other calamity. They have to stop working because they need to get their condition taken care of. If they're out for 60 days, they lose their insurance. And now, they have to pay whatever the insurance company decides is the premium because they are - now have a pre-existing condition. Somebody in that situation may never be able to accumulate enough money to pay the very high premiums and get back on the cycle of having continuous insurance coverage.","Now, of course, Speaker Ryan looks forward to what are called now high-risk pools. These would be plans that are essentially devoted to try and accommodate people who have expensive and pre-existing conditions. You're not convinced that would do it.","Well, I think that the problem with those is in the fine print. First of all, very often they are not adequately funded. And many of the high-risk pools have lifetime caps, lifetime limits.","What kind of reforms would you like to make?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implies that the speaker would like to see further reforms beyond what is suggested by Speaker Ryan.","questions":"What does the PersonA's response in turn 3 suggest about their stance on healthcare reform?","answer":"Progressive"}
{"text":["Oh, no.","And I realized that she was checking to make sure it wasn't poisoned. It's the first time I ever lost it. And I found myself just talking through my teeth, saying, you know what?I don't give mind games, and I don't take them. You can take this coffee and drink it or you can throw it in the pot. And then she said to me, oh, honey. It was like she had to hear me at the edge of my capacity to believe it was me. And then she said, oh, honey, the fix I'm in, I can't trust the Lord Jesus Christ right now.","Oh.","I said, Nana, the fix you're in, you really can't trust anybody else (laughter). Like, this - it's not a fix."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"I can't trust the Lord Jesus Christ right now\" implies that A is in a serious situation and cannot trust anyone, which is not a good thing.","questions":"What was the response of PersonA when Nana said \"the fix I'm in, I can't trust the Lord Jesus Christ right now\"?","answer":"Talked"}
{"text":["You're welcome. What a pleasure.","What are the factors you had to take into consideration to do things like help create flags and currency for South Sudan?","What I learned was these state symbols are really marks of consensus. They're about design, but they're really about agreement. So South Sudan is comprised of 60 ethnic tribes, and for the one symbol that they were able to produce during the time of the referendum to the time of their independence, they produced a national seal. And they had to get the agreement of 28 cabinet ministers representing these tribes.","And what's the seal look like?How would you describe it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  B: \"And what's the seal look like? How would you describe it?\"  The literal meaning of this turn is a request for a physical description of the national seal. However, the intended meaning is to ask for the significance or symbolism behind the design of the seal.","questions":"Which aspect of the national seal does PersonB actually want to know?","answer":"Design"}
{"text":["Quite simply, did the White House ever interfere in your administration of your duties and your ability to properly forward this information, if you thought it appropriate, to the intelligence committees?","Bradley Moss is a lawyer specializing in issues of national security, including whistleblowers.","Thank you for taking the time to explain it to us.","Anytime."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Bradley Moss prevented the person being asked the question from carrying out their duties.","questions":"What hindered the person from performing their duties?","answer":"Interference"}
{"text":["Well, this was not a deliberate decision of the administration. Just - there were two laws that still exist adopted in the '90s by Congress, which say that if a person becomes a member of any organization international the - it's an automatic suspension of the confidential contribution. So these two laws were triggered by the decision of our general confidence.","Well, I bring up the matter of the debt though because it seems to me any country that was paying its bills would say the United States should be thrown out of UNESCO for owing half a billion dollars.","Well, I will say that to this situation with the suspension, of course, was very unfortunate. And I have raised dozens of times this issue with the U. S.  because, of course, it is not normal that a member of a club does not pay dues. We need this financing very strongly because we implement work and projects in the world. But at the same time, we need also the political commitment of our member states. So at least we had the political commitment. So now, of course, we are losing votes. And this is really deplorable.","UNESCO must have known in July when they declared the old city in Hebron a Palestinian world heritage site that Israel would object because they say that Judaism has a lot of links to Hebron and that this would create problems in the United States."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : that UNESCO needs political commitment from member states, but the actual meaning is that UNESCO needs both financial and political commitment from member states.","questions":"What does UNESCO need from its member states?","answer":"Financial,Political"}
{"text":["I think it's a story that can stick with you for many different reasons. If you leave a film, if you put down a book, and there is something that you didn't know before or something that has informed you about the world you live in that you care about but you didn't know before - if you can walk away from any kind of story with that, I think that's the goal of storytelling. I believe this is a film that does that.","And so that's what I love about this film - is it really has moved people. And it's become more, I think, socially important today than it was when we made it. There's been a lot more attention being given to Indigenous and Native American people within our country since we made the film. And there is also this whole epidemic that every day, we're learning more about men in power and sexual assault. And those are what this film is about in a very specific story.","Elizabeth Olson, speaking with us from Atlanta. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to read between the lines.","questions":"What is the speaker implying in turn 2?","answer":"Hinting"}
{"text":["Hello.","What happened to you this morning?What happened in Kathmandu?","Well, we were on a staff retreat with our editors and reporters up on a mountaintop overlooking Kathmandu Valley. And it felt as if I was propelled two meters up into the air. It was just such a heavy jolt. And when we looked down at the city, it looked like it had been completely destroyed because there was a ball of dust covering the entire valley in which Kathmandu is situated. And we thought the whole city had been destroyed. But as we got down back into the city through the roads, it looked like it wasn't as bad as we initially feared. Many of the residential buildings were damaged, but seem to be intact. On the other hand, the monuments of the world heritage sites in Kathmandu - Bhaktapur and Patan - many of them have been completely destroyed.","Mr.  Dixit, have you been able to get a handle on how extensive the damage is in Nepal and for that matter the region 'cause there are reports that India's also been affected."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : ) B: \"What happened to you this morning? What happened in Kathmandu?\" This is a common greeting or small talk used to start a conversation. The speaker is not actually asking about a specific event that happened to the person in Kathmandu this morning.","questions":"How did the city of Kathmandu appear when they looked down from the mountaintop?","answer":"Destroyed"}
{"text":["That is very funny. What about dessert?Give me a dessert for the holidays that you love.","One of my favorite ones is this cornmeal and rosemary cake. So we use polenta corn meal and a little bit of rosemary. And you bake it, it becomes basically like a pound cake. It's buttery and rich. It's the holidays. That happens. Sometimes I stud it with some cranberries for some color, other times I do not. It depends on my mood. And then I top it with a balsamic syrup. So I reduce balsamic, gets nice and thick like a chocolate sauce, and then I pour it over the top. I can't tell you - breakfast, lunch dinner, whatever, snack, it is phenomenal. It's one of the those things I keep in my house during the holidays.","That sounds fantastic. So, you're a mother now, and your baby's first Christmas is coming up. How's that going to affect you to have someone - a little tiny one to take through the holidays?","You know, she's now about eight months, and so she's not quite a year old yet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The cake is not made of traditional cake ingredients.","questions":"Which ingredient makes the cake different from traditional cakes?","answer":"Cornmeal"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me.","What new details did we learn with this filing?","So the new filing focuses on five extramarital affairs that Duncan Hunter had when he was in Congress, the first one starting just four months after he was elected and took office in April 2009. So he took office in January.","The longest feature in the filing is about an individual identified as Individual 14, who was a lobbyist. And they spent campaign money on things like a ski trip together, a thousand-dollar hotel tab. They went to concerts together. And they also went on a double date with another congressperson to Virginia Beach, but that congressperson has not been identified."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Duncan Hunter spent campaign money on personal expenses","questions":"What did Duncan Hunter misuse?","answer":"Unidentified"}
{"text":["Milliseconds. It happens really quick, and it's something that you just don't think about. It actually just a reflex and it happened. And it was like I said a rarity. The one prior to mine was in 1927. So it was 40 some years between the one that was made and mine.","The thing is, I wonder if people in the stands even realized what had happened - because this goes by so quickly. It's not even like watching a home run. If you watch a home run the ball kind of hangs in the air for three or four seconds or so. This is over even faster than that. Bang.","To tell you the truth. On my part it was such a rarity that even I had not thought about the unassisted part of the play. I realized at the time that it was a triple play. You know, it was all three outs, but had never really thought about the unassisted part because it was such a rarity that no one ever really talked about them.","Ron, was that moment it for you in your baseball career?Is that - what could be better than that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The rareness of the event made it unexpected and surprising.","questions":"What made the event surprising?","answer":"Rareness"}
{"text":["Yeah, I was looking for connection - that kind of familial intimacy that I just still didn't have. As a teenager, I went out into the world armed with my guitar and my little songs and my aggressive eye contact. And I was looking to connect with somebody else deeply.","It's so interesting - right?- that you did. You craved it. And as a result, you really looked for people's eyes. You wanted that moment of intimacy. Was it because you felt like you were an outsider in some way?","I was lonely. And yet I realized something - recording the audiobook. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : As a teenager, A was seeking connection and intimacy with others","questions":"What was PersonA armed with when they went out into the world as a teenager?","answer":"Guitar"}
{"text":["That is amazing. And I want to ask about another thing here, as well, and that has to do with homeownership, which I know you have focused on. The percentage of people who own their own homes is on the way down.","That's right. The share of Americans who own their own homes, which soared during the housing boom of the 2000s, is now lower than it was back in 1995. It's turned up a little bit lately, but it's - the decline is particularly pronounced among young people - among people under age 40. In fact, when you look across the expansion, the scars of the Great Recession are most evident in people who are really the younger generations.","You know, when you talk about the difference between winners and losers, you can see it here. Home prices have gone up, which means if I already own a home, I'm in great shape and feel wealthy. But if I haven't bought in yet, I'm going to have trouble getting in.","That's absolutely true."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Decline in homeownership is affecting young people the most.","questions":"How is the decline in homeownership affecting young people?","answer":"Pronounced"}
{"text":["And it changed your behavior with your friends and family, right?","Oh, absolutely. I became alienated from most of my friends and everything because I wasn't there for them or with them. They had out to social events and things, my social event was to get to the casino as quickly as I could in order to gain money.","And what did it do to your marriage?","Well, I got a divorce. I ended up in divorce. I ended up with my wife getting everything plus the kids. And basically, I was out in the streets trying to survive."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A's gambling addiction affected his marriage to the point of getting a divorce","questions":"How did PersonA's gambling addiction impact his marital status?","answer":"Divorce"}
{"text":["I don't think I have to. I'm a jazz musician. I know what I am. Whether the music you think I'm playing or professing is jazz or not, it's kind of not my problem, you know what I mean?I'm a jazz musician, and this is what I do.","I do conduction, and it doesn't matter whether I do it with classical musicians or jazz musicians or traditional Japanese instruments, Korean instruments, Turkish instruments. It doesn't matter. This is what I do, work with funk musicians or pop musicians. It doesn't matter. I'm still doing - I'm still showing everybody the same sign. This means sustain. This means repeat. This means graphic information. This means this, this, and that.","Some of your newer music, it's recording Nublu Orchestra. It crosses many genres. Let's take a listen to \"Downstairs. \"","How did you get started on this path?I mean, who were your influences?Who were the musicians that sparked in your imagination that this is a road you might take?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the musicians actually created a spark in the speaker's imagination, but the figurative meaning is that the musicians inspired the speaker's creativity.","questions":"How did the musicians influence the PersonA's creativity?","answer":"Creativity"}
{"text":["I remember one moment where you're asking, when do you think about race?And someone said, right now.","Like, you know, this is a hey, we're on the spot. At certain points, people are accused, people in the media, of overemphasizing our differences. Were they afraid of being misrepresented?","Some were and some weren't. There was a lawyer who participated in some of the discussions. He is a registered Republican. And when the local paper did a story about our series of conversations, they identified him as a white Republican, and he said when he saw that in the paper, it was jarring for him, because he never thought of himself being described in that way. He said, I've never thought of myself having a label affixed to my name, and it was really uncomfortable for me. And when he was saying this, there were several people in the coloring room who were nodding their heads saying, well, welcome to our world.","Speaking of welcome to our world, one thing I've noticed is that, you know, we talk about black folks, we talk about white folks. There's no question that you have to talk about blackness. But you've also included people who were not black and not white. So how do you think Latinos and Asians in particular are faring in this election in terms of feeling represented or sought out or given their say?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : at certain points refers to periods in time","questions":"Which phrase refers to specific time periods in the dialogue?","answer":"points"}
{"text":["But these are opposition strongholds. So, again, it reinforced this view that Ebola is being exploited for political gain. It's being used by certain political players to make money. And so what we're seeing is a lot of these messages being circulated that Ebola is a hoax or Ebola is a plot. And people are attributing these messages to local political leaders who presumably feel that their power is being threatened by rivals who are aligned with the fight against Ebola.","So the new U. N.  coordinator, what can they do?","This appointment is a recognition that the U. N.  realizes they need to treat this as much as a political problem as a health problem. And my sources in Congo say that they might need to get pretty radical because you can't just fight this with guns because if you do that, you're just going to play into this narrative that the national government is using Ebola as a way to gain power. You need to spread the message that this is not a political issue, that this is something that, you know, affects everyone.","And so some of the ideas that have been talked about, for example, is just really broaden who gets vaccinated. Normally, you vaccinate people who've had direct contact with someone who has Ebola, which makes sense medically, right?But that just makes people wonder, are the people who are getting vaccinated people who have connections, you know?And why isn't everyone getting vaccinated?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The fight against Ebola is not just a health problem, but also a political one","questions":"How is Ebola being viewed by some political players?","answer":"exploited"}
{"text":["We're hosting an online viewing party of sorts. For all those people who couldn't be among the 75,000 at INVESCO, I guess the next best thing to do is have your computer at your desk and join us. So we'll be linking to a stream of the event, and we'll host a real-time conversation.","So give that address again.","nprnewsandviews. org.","All right. Geoffrey Bennett is the web producer for News and Notes, joining me from the studios at the NPR west. Geoff, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Virtual event for inclusive engagement and community building.","questions":"What is the purpose of the online viewing party?","answer":"inclusive"}
{"text":["Mike Dunleavy like, drained, I think, a dozen three-pointers, if I'm not mistaken.","At least, yeah. And the Blazers lost to Houston 121 to 116 in overtime - not to move on to Portland too quickly here. What's going on?Strange and spreading malady in these playoffs, Scott. Road teams are winning at a stunning rate. In the first week of the postseason, road teams won 12 of the 22 games. Now remember, teams are clawing for much of the regular season - clawing to win games in order to give them the home-court advantage in the playoffs.","The psychology of playing in front of your own cheering fans, the comfort and routine of home - it's supposed to make winning in the postseason more likely. So far, not the case.","And why not?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using understatement or exaggeration to convey a message, often to emphasize a point or to add humor to a situation.","questions":"Which speaker may be using rhetorical devices in the dialogue?","answer":"Speaker"}
{"text":["It's been an exciting year for developments in space. Just earlier this week, SpaceX successfully landed a 15-story tall section of one of their rockets back on Earth. And joining me to discuss what's been going on off our planet during 2015 is NPR science correspondent Geoff Brumfiel. So explain exactly what happened that a part of the rocket returned.","In some sense, this was just another rocket launch for SpaceX. You know, they sent 11 communication satellites into orbit. What really makes this special is what happened to the big first stage of the rocket. Now, normally this would just fall back to Earth. But this time, SpaceX flipped it around and then flew it back to near the launch site and actually landed it. They fired the engines a second time and it sort of floated down onto the pad. It was pretty spectacular to watch.","The space pad looks big when you're looking at it on the Earth. But from space, it must be a tiny dot.","Yeah, I mean SpaceX describes it as trying to shoot a pencil over the Empire State Building, have it turn around and land in a shoebox vertically. That's how hard this is."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The successful landing of the rocket's first stage is a major achievement for SpaceX and represents a significant advancement in reusable rocket technology.","questions":"How does the successful landing of the first stage of the rocket represent a major advancement for SpaceX?","answer":"Advancement"}
{"text":["We didn't finish, and he died before it could finish, but we got 30, 34 hours of tapes, something like that. And one thing that became clear in those tapes and all the time that I spent with him is that he would never speak ill of another human being. He always went out of his way to find the good in people who are adamantly apposed to his entire agenda.","I mention this because I think one of the things that tended to dismay him toward the end of his life, at least in my experience of talking to him, was how divided we were in our politics. That people fought - that people that disagreed with them weren't just opponents, but enemies. That somehow condemnation, the politics of hatred, the politics even of mocking people, as opposed to sitting down and talking to them, never made any sense to him.","To Thurgood Marshall, politics was the art of the possible. The idea was to sit down and get things done, not to get applause by mocking your opposition. I really learned a lot from the time I spent with him, and that's perhaps the strongest lesson that I learned. And I think applying it to today's world, while I think he'd be very proud to see a black man with a chance to be elected to the presidency, he'd be very sad to see how the supporters on both sides spend so much time mocking and hating the candidate on the other side.","Well, Stephen Carter, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite differences, he saw the good in all people.","questions":"What trait did he possess towards other human beings?","answer":"Optimism"}
{"text":["We have all been growing increasingly frustrated and upset about the direction of this country. Not just about policies, right?We're going to likely disagree. But it has been this bomb that I call it he has exploded within this country along racial lines. We have all been frustrated, and so we found a way to actually do something and say something and push back on this narrative around what we're saying about black and brown people as if this is not our country. No matter where our background is, what he's doing as it relates to immigrants - we felt like it wasn't enough being said, and so coming together, we thought our voices together would make a stronger impact.","Are you concerned at all that people will just dismiss this criticism of President Trump as a partisan attack?","You know, at this point, it doesn't matter. If they want to dismiss it, they can, but they are dismissing the larger point that was being made. He challenged our patriotism. He challenged the citizenship of those four women who are citizens of this country. He consistently challenges that when it comes to people of color. And so at this point, if somebody wants to dismiss it just because they want to see it through the lens of politics, that's a problem. But we elevated the fact that because we served this country and because we love this country, it doesn't mean that we have to sit quietly as we see things going wrong in this country.","Dru Ealons is a political blogger and strategist who served as a senior official at the EPA during the Obama administration."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Sit quietly\" is not about literally sitting down. Here, the implication is they don't want to be quiet, they want to speak out politically to protest against the President.","questions":"Which phrase implies that they want to speak out politically to protest against the President?","answer":"Sit-quietly"}
{"text":["I never approached any of the essayists with ideas in mind in terms of what I wanted them to write about. I wanted them to speak to their own truth to whatever they felt was the most poignant experience for them. And that was it for Nada, and Nada wrote so honestly about what she'd experienced. And it was all tied as well into her own career. It wasn't just about losing Anthony. It was about how all of those different threads came together in her life - the Arab Spring.","And that takes me back to the idea of hopelessness because that's Nada's story. She felt that way, and she was speaking to her own truth. And some of the women have similar feelings about the region, where it's almost like, well, this is just - the losses are too steep.","We mentioned resiliency. Are there other themes that connect these essays?","I think identity is a big one. All of them definitely feel very strongly about where they come from. I tend to say there's this idea of a homeland - and it's quite poetic in the Arab world - where, I'm from here. I want to be telling the story. This is the truth of what's happening in my homeland."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : All the essayists feel strongly about their homeland and want to tell its story","questions":"What is a common theme among all the essayists?","answer":"Identity"}
{"text":["I think that - you know I think that there a lot of lower pay guys who are, you know, for contracts who are taking - because in other words, you're getting it from somewhere, and this - the money that they're getting paid now is coming from last year. You know, that's what baseball does. I think we will see, next year, we'll begin to see the push back in terms of the long-term contracts, which contracts are taking a hit. But right now, as long as television is there and fans are, you know\u2026","Well, yeah, but are the fans going to be there?Because I'm hearing that the NFL, NBA, major league baseball fans, they're worried that - the clubs are worried because people - season ticket holders who keep thing - whole thing going they may not be re-upping the way they've been in the past.","And that's when you will see - you will see the effect of that next year. You know, right now, baseball is still going on in terms of the salaries. They're going on last year's income, which was record-setting. Now, if they've got a downturn at the turnstile, you were going to see it next year. This time next year, we could be talking about some serious, you know, shrinking, withdrawals, you know, there could be a couple of teams that aren't cutting it. And I'm talking about\u2026","That was danger."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Season ticket holders may not be buying season tickets again this year.","questions":"Which year could potentially see a downturn in baseball salaries due to a shrinking fan base?","answer":"Next"}
{"text":["But there's also wars - Syria, Libya, other places. So it's a very mixed picture. But the common denominator, I think, is that you've got several hundred million Arab men and women who are saying that the consent of the governed matters, that the citizen has rights, and we want real constitutions. And they're trying to create those with a foundational structure of social justice.","Social justice is the enormous driver of these revolutions, which is almost totally unarticulated and very misunderstood in the West.","And it certainly was in Syria. Again, the spark, the death of a small boy.","In Syria you had Hamza Khateeb, the little boy who was tortured and killed, and very badly tortured, 14-year-old kid. And the original outburst of the uprising in Daraa, in south Syria, in March 2011, was when the local government, local police officers there, tortured some young kids who had written some graffiti on the wall, like we want reform. It was something very mild, but little kids who were 10, 12, 14 years old, and they were tortured by the police."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : mixed picture means that all the countries have a lot of differences","questions":"What is the driver of the revolutions in the Arab world according to A?","answer":"Justice."}
{"text":[". . . Was impelled by government programs that said to people, every American should be in a home.","It was certainly promoted by low-interest rates. And that's the Federal Reserve's domain. So you can see there's a huge left-right alliance potential here, and it really is unstoppable. And in the past, it's succeeded.","You say despite being identified as a liberal, when you run for president, you've gotten actually more - you say, more votes from Republicans than Democrats.","Yeah, when I had this write-in effort in New Hampshire in 1992, yeah, I came in about 51 percent of my votes were Republican, 49 Democrats. And the explanation's really quite simple. I don't campaign in generalities. What I do is I go down where people live and work and say, look, you're a Republican. You don't like federal regulation. Right, I don't like federal regulation. You have a car?Yeah. Well, if the auto company discovers a serious dangerous defect in your car after you bought it and the auto company doesn't recall it, would you favor the government requiring General Motors or Ford or VW to recall it?Most of them say yes."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In turn (1), when the speaker says, \"Was impelled by government programs that said to people, every American should be in a home,\" the literal meaning is that government programs encouraged homeownership. However, the implied meaning is that these programs were promoting homeownership to an extent that was beyond what was sustainable or responsible, which ultimately led to a housing bubble and the 2008 financial crisis. The turn implies that the government's encouragement of homeownership was misguided and had negative consequences, which is a departure from the literal meaning of the words used in the turn.","questions":"How did the government programs affect homeownership?","answer":"Promoted"}
{"text":["Absolutely. Well, all right politics isn't everything. It just seems like it sometimes. So what else is going on?","Magic Johnson found himself in the center of news again, unwillingly. As most people know, he retired from the NBA after contracting the HIV. But two Minneapolis radio hosts had some fun at his expense. So here's a clip of that.","Unidentified Radio Host #1: What about diseases that are eminently treatable and you can live with for a long, long time quite healthily if you just get some drugs.","Unidentified Radio Host #2: Like Magic Johnson. Like Magic with his faked AIDS."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : politics isn't everything implies there are other important things in life","questions":"How does turn 2 relate to the implied meaning of turn 0?","answer":"Other"}
{"text":["That's why things spin, hurricanes and. . .","Yeah. . .",". . . spin in one direction.",". . . why everything spins. And it has to do with the fact that the Earth is rotating. So it's a physics problem.","So tell us, describe. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Turn 1: \"spin\" is used as a general term to describe rotational movement, whereas its literal meaning is to rotate rapidly and smoothly around a central axis.","questions":"Which word from turn 0 has a literal meaning of rotating rapidly and smoothly around a central axis?","answer":"spin"}
{"text":["But this radicalization on the Internet is something that the FBI has been talking about for years, and it hasn't been licked. And clearly, this is an example of that since we know that the older brother, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, spent a lot of time on the Internet, on jihadi websites.","And again, if he says anything to the investigators before he's Mirandized, that is nothing they can use in a case against him. However, given the mountain of evidence - including this video that's been described to you - they may not need it.","Well, it's funny because depending on which lawyer you talk to, they will disagree with your first supposition; which is, that it's not admissible if you evoke the public safety exception. In fact, part of the reason for the public safety exception, instead of just talking to somebody without Mirandizing them, is that some of that information may well be admissible. But in this case, this is a bit of a slam dunk. They have video on this young man, and he's going to have a hard time saying that he wasn't involved.","NPR counterterrorism correspondent Dina Temple-Raston, with us here in Studio 42 - our very first guest in Studio 42. Thanks very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Given the large amount of evidence they may not need to mirandize him.","questions":"What may not be necessary if there is a large amount of evidence?","answer":"Mirandize"}
{"text":["No, wow.","Well, all right. So, let's get to your best political conversation of the week.","You know, it's about John McCain. Everybody in town just watched as McCain came back, and it was very low key. And not only was it at low key; there was a sense of, you know, sadness about it. There he was; suddenly Joe Lieberman's over arguing with the Democrats and trying to get back in with the Democrats and retain his position, in terms of a leader on the Democratic side, no longer hanging around with John McCain. The right wing of the Republican Party never wanted much to do with John McCain, and so they're not rallying to him; they're not offering him any leadership position. So, John McCain is kind of out there on his own, and everybody is saying, you know, what's to come of John McCain?And the answer is, you know, John McCain will try to be his own man, but the fact is he's a man really without a country in the U. S.  Senate at this moment.","NPR news analyst Juan Williams, always a pleasure."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : John McCain is facing political isolation and uncertainty in the Senate","questions":"Which Senator is facing political uncertainty according to the NPR news analyst?","answer":"McCain"}
{"text":["Well, it's really interesting. The word exoneration came to mind, but that's not quite right. I mean, you care if people don't believe you, but it wasn't my job to make people believe me. It was just my job to survive this and push a movement forward. But what I saw - that disgusting document that - you know, her email outlining how they were going to terrorize me. It was just as if, yes, this is exactly what's been happening to me.","And, of course, Lisa Bloom jumps out at many people because she had a reputation as a civil rights lawyer who represented women who had been assaulted or harassed. And she described that work in this memo to Harvey Weinstein. She said, quote, \"I feel equipped to help you against the Roses of the world because I have represented so many of them,\" unquote. What do you make of that?","It's vile. It's just - it's kind of the mark of a psychopath, and it's so cold. And you know what?Yeah, the Roses of this world - we get pushed around. And we get hurt, and we get disbelieved. And to have a woman involved in it let alone a woman who purports to be all about protecting women and protecting people who get abused by power is - it's egregious. It's disgusting. It's despicable, but it's also fitting for I think who she really is.","Well, she says - she has said in subsequent statements several things. No. 1, she says she made a mistake. No. 2, she says she did not understand the scope of the allegations against him, including assaults."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Lisa Bloom's name and simply herself, is very noticeable and memorable to a great many people.","questions":"How is Lisa Bloom's reputation perceived by many people?","answer":"Despicable"}
{"text":["And we start today's program with an Easter Sunday tragedy in Sri Lanka. Coordinated bombings this morning killed more than 200 people and wounded hundreds more. The explosions happened in churches and in hotels popular with tourists. NPR's Lauren Frayer has been monitoring the situation from Mumbai, India, and she joins us now on the line.","Hi, Lauren.","Hi, Sacha.","Could you tell us what more you know since this morning about these bombings?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"start today's program\" - This turn literally means the beginning of the program, but it implies the start of discussing a tragic event rather than a typical program.","questions":"What tragic event is being discussed at the beginning of today's program?","answer":"Easter"}
{"text":["The reason for this shrinkage, the leagues will tell you, is that televised sport has beaten the live experience. As the TVs got better, the traffic got worse, I guess. And the couch beckoned. I just got back from Disney World. Disney movies are clearly cheaper and easier to get to than the live experience. And yet millions more people flock to the Magic Kingdom than did 10 years ago. There is an \"Avatar\" ride that had a wait time of - let me check the app. It's on an app now - three hours, five minutes. But with baseball and football, there is so little attention paid to the experience in the park. How about good Wi-Fi or some milling-about zones and food that challenges our collective delusion that Dodger Dogs aren't inferior, cylindrical foodstuffs?We have been gaslit about Fenway Franks.","Then there's the gouging. The New York Jets will charge you 40 to $50 for parking. And when you enter the stadium, you have to watch the New York Jets. Owners can continue to shrink their stadiums and their ambitions or they can start rewarding fans who literally give their teams the home field advantage as something other than chickens to be plucked or geese to be fattened before slaughter. Don't the fans have enough experience with slaughter, especially when we're talking about fans of the Jets, Rays and Raiders?","(Singing) Take me out. . .","No, I'm not going to do that. Commentator Mike Pesca hosts the Slate podcast The Gist, which is still very affordable and welcomes new fans. He also wrote the book \"Upon Further Review. \""],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  is to sing, but the implied meaning is to not take the conversation in the direction being presented.","questions":"What action does PersonB take to avoid continuing the conversation in the direction presented by PersonA in turn 2?","answer":"Sing"}
{"text":["It's interesting. There was an e-mail sent around by a professor at Berkeley yesterday to a bunch of prominent economists saying that the IMF and World Bank are having their annual meeting starting tomorrow, and it was incumbent on economists to weigh in and give them some suggestions. I just finished reading this list of essays, 15 of them written in one day. And the universal common denominator is that everybody sees the crisis right now as devolving from limited capital in the banking system. It's just remarkable how much economists have at least pin-pointed that as the problem, but I don't think that this is rocket science.","It's not rocket science; it's economics. It's the dismal science. It's just - it's not the University of Chicago's way, and now, you're saying, well, maybe this week, it is.","Look, it's not the University of Chicago. Most economists don't think that the government buying firms and taking them over or risking taxpayer money with no protection - to say that, if things improve, the taxpayers will get their money back - is a wise idea at all. I'm not saying that, but economists are famous for, on the one hand and on the other, and if, on the one hand, the choice is to let the economy sink into a recession just to teach these irresponsible bankers a lesson, or the other is to actually use the taxpayer money to prevent it, that's a pretty easy choice.","Anil Kashyap, professor of economics at the famed University of Chicago. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The problem of the crisis is not difficult to identify, but finding a solution is not that easy.","questions":"What is the common denominator of the crisis according to the essays mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Limited"}
{"text":["Well, it's really interesting. The word exoneration came to mind, but that's not quite right. I mean, you care if people don't believe you, but it wasn't my job to make people believe me. It was just my job to survive this and push a movement forward. But what I saw - that disgusting document that - you know, her email outlining how they were going to terrorize me. It was just as if, yes, this is exactly what's been happening to me.","And, of course, Lisa Bloom jumps out at many people because she had a reputation as a civil rights lawyer who represented women who had been assaulted or harassed. And she described that work in this memo to Harvey Weinstein. She said, quote, \"I feel equipped to help you against the Roses of the world because I have represented so many of them,\" unquote. What do you make of that?","It's vile. It's just - it's kind of the mark of a psychopath, and it's so cold. And you know what?Yeah, the Roses of this world - we get pushed around. And we get hurt, and we get disbelieved. And to have a woman involved in it let alone a woman who purports to be all about protecting women and protecting people who get abused by power is - it's egregious. It's disgusting. It's despicable, but it's also fitting for I think who she really is.","Well, she says - she has said in subsequent statements several things. No. 1, she says she made a mistake. No. 2, she says she did not understand the scope of the allegations against him, including assaults."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker was falsely accused and wrongfully blamed.","questions":"How was the PersonA's experience described in turn 0?","answer":"Wrongfully"}
{"text":["It's a lot. . .",". . . Yes.","It's a lot of money to most people around the country.","And congressman, you know, if - let me understand this, are you calling for the outright abolition of the program?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is acknowledging and agreeing with the previous speaker's statement, but does not provide any additional information or opinion. The meaning of this turn depends on the context of the conversation.","questions":"How did the speaker respond to the previous PersonA's statement?","answer":"Agreeing"}
{"text":["I actually haven't done the calculation, but if you can separate the light of the planet from the star, then you can do spectroscopy on it. And so you can look for the biomarkers of CO2 and methane and water and those kinds of gases, and that will tell you whether there's processes going on that generate oxygen and such, which tells a lot about whether there's biology going on on the planet.","This has been described as an unexpected discovery. Why was it so surprising?","Well it was because we weren't particularly looking for planets. Based on the work we did on 40307, we realized that the activity of the star is masking a lot of the potential planet signals. So that sort of clued the lead author, Mikko, into developing a technique that can more carefully and more accurately model the activity due to spots and flares on the surface of the star.","And it - so what we decided to do then, since we didn't know anything about star activity, was to pick a star that had lots of observations, thousands of observations from multiple groups, but didn't have any known planets around it, figuring we would just be studying only the activity. And when we learned how to model that activity and removed it from the analysis, out popped five planets very unexpectedly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Spectroscopy on a planet can reveal if there's biology on it","questions":"Which method can help in finding biomarkers of CO2 and methane on a planet?","answer":"Spectroscopy"}
{"text":["You know, there are a number of reporters who've contacted me that have said, what do you we do?I've got sinusitis. What do I do?It clearly is a prevalent problem in the general population. But clearly, we need controlled clinical trials to determine the efficacy of these kinds of interventions. And the FDA has ruled that if we are doing such trials, we need investigational drug status for every species that we want to instill into a patient to treat our disease.","So it maybe a while before we can actually get to a point where we would be instilling these kinds of organisms into the sinuses. But it's certainly another way of thinking about treating chronic inflammatory disease, of the sinuses, at least. There's certainly prostins in the gastrointestinal tract. For example, when there's recalcitrant C.  difficile, clostridium difficile infection, which is this thing that outgrows when patients have had, again, a lot of antimicrobials and have depleted diversity. Fecal transplant works very well.","So taking the feces of a spouse or a relative, and basically repopulating the gastrointestinal tract with those species, has a rate of 91 percent efficacy. So I think we could consider this for mucosal services as, perhaps, the general rule that this kind of restoration ecology approach to try to reinstate the healthy protective organisms in this niches, maybe an alternative strategy for treating some of these chronic inflammatory diseases.","Yeah. Did we once all have them and they went away somehow?Or what - why did some of us have the healthy population and some of us don't?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The healthy protective organisms in mucosal services can be reinstated by repopulating the gastrointestinal tract with healthy species.","questions":"How can chronic inflammatory diseases be treated through restoration ecology approach?","answer":"Repopulating"}
{"text":["Patricia is moving over Mexico, downgraded from the most powerful hurricane ever recorded to a tropical depression. She was less damaging than expected. Hurricane force winds were spared to the coastal cities like Puerto Vallarta. Daniel Lozano, the director general of the Mexican Red Cross, is overseeing the emergency response. He joins us from Mexico City now. Mr.  Lozano, you must be very busy. Thanks very much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott. It's a pleasure to be with you and the audience.","Can you tell us what's going on there now?","Well, as you mentioned, fortunately the hurricane downgraded very fast and we were expecting a greater impact in several cities and communities of Jalisco, Colima and the states around that area. But fortunately no major damages have been registered so far."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The director general of the Mexican Red Cross is relieved that no significant damage has been reported and is thankful for the quick downgrade of Patricia.","questions":"What is the emotion of the director general towards the impact of Hurricane Patricia?","answer":"Thankful"}
{"text":["You know, I thought at this point that nothing the president did could surprise me. He surprised me. To say the least, it is a stunning lack of understanding and judgment on his part, frankly.","Can you just walk me through that why?","Well, look at who we're talking to. This is the Taliban. It is not a sovereign government. To extend an invitation to Camp David for a meeting with the president when they have not accepted a ceasefire, a full ceasefire, when they are very much in the business of killing American troopers and Afghan civilians. This is not the first casualty that we've had out there since these talks began. But to invite people like that under these conditions to Camp David to be hosted by the president of the United States - that to me was something unthinkable until, obviously, he thought it.","Do you have any sense of what role this meeting would have played in the discussions that have taken place so far?I mean, a lot of people are focusing on today sort of the optics of it. A lot of the people in the president's own party are having trouble with that - I mean, bringing the Taliban to meet at Camp David with the president of the United States. But substantively, though, what role would a discussion like this have played in trying to finalize these negotiations?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They are asking if the other person can help them to understand what they mean.","questions":"How did person PersonB respond to person PersonA's explanation?","answer":"Responded:B"}
{"text":["And one more email.","And one more email, yeah. And it was quite literally the last email that I opened. And the email said, basically, Dear, Mr.  Feuer. Ever since I saw your story on the other Alan Feuer one year ago, I've been meaning to get in touch with you. I didn't want to do so while Alan was alive. Now, that he has passed away, would you like to know the truth about his background?","Well, you know, she - this woman who was, in fact, Alan's step niece. So, you know, imagine a, you know, a niece coming in by second marriage essentially. She went on to kind of flash out the family relationships, and she told me that while this life of grand society that I, in fact, had witnessed myself was absolutely true, the sort of back story that Alan had held up - Austrian blue blood, you know, mother live too long - all these stuff was, in fact, not true. And she said that, you know, if I wanted to get in touch with her, she would tell me, in fact, what the truth was. So I got in touch with her.","And this is a story of a man not from Austria but, in fact, born in Brooklyn and raised in Westchester?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The story of Alan's life is not as it was originally portrayed.","questions":"How was Alan's life originally portrayed?","answer":"False"}
{"text":["My reaction to the reaction is that it was spearheaded by the Daily Mail, which is really an out-and-out - almost a racist enterprise. It's - Daily Mail has been one of the most strenuous advocates for Brexit. But they were also avoiding some of the serious themes of the piece.","Well, let's talk about some of those things. Diana was famously involved with Dodi Fayed 20 years ago. And there was a lot of talk then. Now Harry is marrying Meghan Markle, as we mentioned, who is biracial. So have things changed?What does that say about the United Kingdom now?","I think that Britain is in a very strange place because the royals are kind of - as somebody said to me from the families, they're sort of one bright spot. Like, they're young. They're dynamic. They represent something that's very sort of inspiring when everything else is actually very gray because there's been this sort of political convulsion that was Brexit.","Do you think the royal family can really survive in a time when we have other kinds of celebrities that cost the taxpayer nothing?I mean, clearly, a lot of hopes are being placed on not only Meghan Markle and Prince Harry but the other younger royals like Prince William."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The comparison between Diana and Dodi who had an affair and Harry marrying Meghan Markle who is considered to be biracial simply implies that the UK political affairs can not improve either with race mixture or not.","questions":"How does the comparison between Diana and Dodi and Harry and Meghan Markle reflect the state of UK politics?","answer":"Divided"}
{"text":["That's right.","Tell us about that one.","Well, that's around a star called HD 10 - excuse me, 40307. I'm losing track of the numbers, there are so many stars now. And this is a system where we first tried out some of these techniques, where there were already several planets known around it, three planets known around it, and we found three more by basically being more clever in how we deal with the noise due to the star's surface activity.","And this was - you have a rating scale for how close to Earthlike they are correct?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : stars implies the tiny luminous body in the sky and not a celebrity ","questions":"Which celestial body is implied by the term \"stars\" in the turn?","answer":"body"}
{"text":["Right. As far as I could tell, it wasn't so much derogatory as he wanted to create a mental picture to the listeners, you know, on radio, to say, OK, it was created in one big bang and so on.","And so what was his big blunder?","So the big blunder was - so he came up with a theory that was - that the universe is in a steady state. Namely the universe is always the same. It always was the same and always will be the same. And - but he also knew that the universe is expanding. So for the universe to stay the same, for example, for the density of matter to not change, he had to create matter in the universe. Because as the universe was getting larger, he had to have new matter there for the density to stay the same.","So this in itself was not a blunder. When he suggested this, it was a beautiful idea because, you know, we say the universe is the same everywhere and in every direction. And he wanted to add to that and that every time. So that, you know, sounded very elegant.","The blunder was that after about 15 years, when evidence started accumulating that this is really not the way the universe behaves but in fact the universe does evolve and change, he stubbornly refused to accept that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The universe is not always the same and new matter is needed for it to stay the same.","questions":"Which theory did the scientist propose about the universe?","answer":"AIDS"}
{"text":["Sure.","We are always so grateful when you come on this show. I got to tell you - we got a lot of noes from Republicans who didn't want to come on this show and talk about gun policy, except, you know, maybe they'll go on Fox News. If the Republicans are proud of their record on guns, why not be interviewed about it?","Well, I can't speak for all of my colleagues on this. I mean, we obviously have a very serious violence problem in the country and particularly a firearm violence issue. And that - you know, we must address it. That said, we also have to respect the rights of people who own. . .","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Republicans are trying to avoid discussing their record on gun policy, but feel comfortable discussing it on Fox News.","questions":"What do the Republicans feel comfortable discussing on Fox News?","answer":"record"}
{"text":["The numbers you've tossed around show you how expensive. People have been able to do experiments. They've found all kinds of really interesting possibly valuable properties, but nothing, no industry is really going to start until they can make enough of this stuff cheaply to use it.","Until now, most of the ways of making it started with this first step: Get some really pure, really expensive chemicals that you're going to mix in and do the next stuff. Huge expense. What Jim Tour down in Houston discovered and showed is that anything that's got carbon in it you can turn into graphene.","And to demonstrate that he meant anything, he did it with Girl Scout cookies. He turned those into graphene. He did it with chocolate. He got some chocolate half-dollar coins. He did it with dog feces from a miniature Dachshund, and he did it with a cockroach leg. And essentially he just got a really big oven, heated it up to about 1,000 degrees C and filled that oven with a little bit of this stuff, the cockroach or the dog feces, whatever, and a sheet of pure copper and a little bit of gas, left it for about 20 minutes, and viola, he'd made little bits of really high-quality graphene.","Wow."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The numbers tossed around you indicates that the objects that you used.","questions":"What do the experiments with Girl Scout cookies, chocolate, dog feces, and a cockroach leg demonstrate?","answer":"Anything"}
{"text":["Well, responses have ranged from one person who said Biden was a great pick to another who said Obama made a terrible decision. But it's interesting, Joe Biden was the top choice of our unscientific online poll. We asked who Obama should pick as his VP, and 40 percent of all respondents chose him. So despite how people feel about Biden, I think a lot of people assumed that Obama would pick him. And Hillary Clinton interestingly was the second choice.","Really?As we get close - well, not closer to the convention, we are at the convention now - have you noticed an increase in the online traffic?Because I know people have really been paying attention. But now that we're here, are they really into it?","They are really into it. And everyone has an opinion. And everyone wants to make their opinion known. And that's just what they're doing.","Now, what are some of the things that we're going to be looking forward to, that our bloggers can look forward to on our website this week as part of our convention coverage?","Well, through npr. org, we have complete convention schedule so people know when to set their TiVos. We also have profiles of all the key Democratic players and we're also going to pose photo feeds from the convention floor. This morning, Michelle Obama was getting ready to make her speech and she was testing out the mics. And so we have some photos of that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is a lot of opinion-sharing happening during the convention.","questions":"How would you describe the atmosphere during the convention?","answer":"Excited"}
{"text":["Let's stick with Germany for a moment and look at a disturbing trend in that country. The German government says anti-Semitic crimes were up 20% last year. Over the weekend, the country's top official in charge of fighting anti-Semitism was reported saying he does not recommend Jews wear a kippah, or skullcap, in all parts of the country. Deidre Berger directs the American Jewish Committee's Ramer Institute for German-Jewish relations in Berlin.","Welcome.","Hello.","How did people in Germany respond to these remarks from Felix Klein, who's the man responsible for Germany's efforts to combat anti-Semitism?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Anti-Semitic crimes have increased by 20% in Germany.","questions":"What was the percentage increase of anti-Semitic crimes in Germany?","answer":"20%"}
{"text":["Well, I say that may be the case. And I'm for affirmative action. I'm for giving opportunities to minorities. I'm for immigration reform. I'm a very proud Hispanic. But I just think the Democratic Party has to communicate a better message of economic populism, of helping small businesses. Somehow the centrist white male, the conservative white male that used to vote Democratic from the South and the Midwest is eluding us. And we've got to get that base back or get some portion of the base because they're leaving us in droves.","And what about those politicians that might say, hey, look, we won a couple of national elections with the demographics that we have in the Democratic Party.","Well, what I say to them is that's great. But we've lost the Congress. We've lost the House. We've lost the Senate. We lose governorships. And, you know, it's not just the presidency that has the power in this country. It's local officials, it's county commissioners, it's governors. It's not just the Congress. It's a whole range of offices where we're not competing because we - we need a stronger, compelling economic message. And somehow, that seems to be eluding us if you look at recent elections, especially in the South and the Midwest.","You've already cited Bernie Sanders. And I gather you have endorsed Hillary Clinton for the Democratic nomination for president. How do you think Secretary Clinton addresses these issues?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implies that A has endorsed Hillary Clinton and believes she effectively addresses the issues.","questions":"What is PersonA's opinion on whether Secretary Clinton addresses the issues effectively?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["Yeah. And you know, it - so what they're studying - so I could gush about the animals for a long time, but there's actual science going on here. And the idea is to understand sort of how muscles work and how our skeletons help us move. And engineers are collaborating with them to make better robots, and they have sort of influence on people looking for treatments for movement disorders in people.","I mean, this is a really basic biology happening here, but you need to have all these kinds of animals to compare how a guinea fowl runs versus how an emu runs or - and so they also have, you know, really cool gadgets. So there's like a huge X-ray machine that takes X-ray video and high-speed cameras everywhere.","And. . .","It's sort of like a visual dream."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"make better robots\" - In this context, making better robots refers to improving the design and functionality of robots by studying how animals move. The literal meaning of make is to create something physically, but in this case, it refers to designing robots.","questions":"How are engineers collaborating with animal researchers?","answer":"collaborating"}
{"text":["That poem is called \"A Flower Song For Maidens Coming Of Age. \"It was written in 1440 before European contact in Mexico. And it's from a collection of Mayan poems - extraordinary. Tell me about why this poem resonated for you. It describes a moon ceremony.","It was such an important revelation to have come across this poem. I cried. I cried for two days - the whole week because, as you know, colonization basically eradicated all of our written documentation in the Americas. All of our traditions have been passed down through word of mouth. But to have written documentation that women have been honoring the moon and celebrating their bodies and their transitions, their milestones in this way, I really felt like my ancestors were watching over.","And you wrote in the afterword to this book that you really wanted young women to find their own way to connect with their roots. Why?","Well, I think it's important for any person, really, but young girls in particular who come from marginalized communities to find their - not only their roots but the meaning and the legacy of wisdom and power that comes from those traditions. And Celi, because she's bicultural and multiracial, she has all of these beautiful intersections happening that I really tried to play up in the novel because I wanted children that are just like Celi, who are multiracial and bicultural, to see themselves and their hybridity in all of its beauty and all of its power."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They don't have road intersections but their meanings do connect with one another.","questions":"What do the meanings of the intersections connect with?","answer":"meanings"}
{"text":["Absolutely.",". . . Didn't prevent a lethal incident, like in the Laquan McDonald case in Chicago. I mean, even though an investigative journalist had to go and demand the footage, it did result in a conviction, didn't it?I mean, it didn't prevent. . .","Absolutely.",". . . A lethal incident, but it did bring accountability after the fact. So. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker in (1) is agreeing with the speaker in (2). However, in (3), the speaker is emphasizing their agreement with the previous speaker. The speaker in (4) is continuing the conversation by summarizing what has been said before.","questions":"How did the speaker in (3) emphasize their agreement with the previous speaker?","answer":"Emphasizing"}
{"text":["The latest U. S.  State Department Trafficking in Persons Report names a new country among the world's worst offenders on human trafficking - China. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson criticized China for not taking, quote, \"serious steps to end its own complicity in trafficking,\" including forced laborers from North Korea that are located in China. China now joins Russia, Iran, North Korea and Syria on the bottom of that list. Secretary Tillerson also honored activists from around the world for their efforts to end human trafficking.","Sister Vanaja Jasphine was one of those aid activists to be named a 2017 Trafficking in Persons Report Hero. Sister Jasphine is the coordinator of the Kumbo Diocesan Commission for Justice and Peace in the northwest region of Cameroon, and she joins us now. Sister, thank you so much for being with us.","Thank you.","How big a problem is human trafficking in Cameroon?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : China now joins Russia, Iran, North Korea and Syria on the bottom of that list.\"  The actual meaning that is different from its literal meaning is that China has been added to the list of countries considered the worst offenders on human trafficking. The phrase \"joins...on the bottom of that list\" implies that China is now included in the group of countries at the lowest rank or with the worst performance regarding human trafficking.","questions":"Which country was recently added to the list of worst offenders on human trafficking?","answer":"China"}
{"text":["And now we'll go to another Dickerson. This is Brian Dickerson. He's a political columnist for the Detroit Free Press. And we're going to talk about Michigan. It is one of the key swing states in this election. Welcome to the program.","Thank you, Madeleine.","Well, both candidates have stumped a lot in Michigan, and is either candidate getting more traction?","Well, the most recent polls this week are a little mixed. But generally, the average of the reputable polls has been showing Obama steadily in front since about mid-June and picking up some momentum in the last two or three weeks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"But generally, the average of the reputable polls has been showing Obama steadily in front since about mid-June and picking up some momentum in the last two or three weeks.\" - This turn has a literal meaning and is also used with its actual meaning.","questions":"What has been the trend in the reputable polls for Obama's position since mid-June?","answer":"Steadily"}
{"text":["Now to address this, there are a number of policy proposals on the table. They're called push and pull incentives, which can entice these companies to stay in the antibiotic business. A push incentive might be something where you go to a company that's making billions of dollars and say we'll cut your corporate tax rate if you promise to invest some of those profits into new antibiotics. This is a sure-fire way to get more money into the pipeline. However, many people recoil at the idea of giving a tax break to a multi-billion dollar company.","We started our conversation talking about the patient you referred to as Jackson - a gunshot wound, you had some difficult choices to make with him in terms of treatment. How did it work out for him?","Well, without giving away too much, he does - his story does have a happy ending. But it does not involve antibiotics. And I think that his case is emblematic of the fact that we're increasingly shifting away from the typical model of using antibiotics to treat infections. And there is an array of new treatment options that are coming out - things like bacteriophages and CRISPR-based gene-editing techniques, where we can use a molecular scalpel to modify a strand of nucleic acids to create a new treatment that will cure patients.","But what I want readers to appreciate is how difficult it will be to bring those discoveries into your local hospital based on the current financial model. In many cases, it simply will never happen because the challenges of getting a drug approved by the FDA are so formidable that companies just don't want to go there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Giving a tax break to a multi-billion dollar company is controversial","questions":"Which type of incentives can entice companies to stay in the antibiotic business?","answer":"Push"}
{"text":["Well, it's just so different as to be almost unrecognizable to everything else they ever do. Well, first of all, there are over 4,000 credentialed members of the media. I have met many of these people, and I question their credentials. (Soundbite of laughter) But aside from the crush and the demands on their time, it is a weird travel schedule.","For a regular game, there is usually a week between games in the NFL. And a team will arrive in the visiting team's city usually, maybe, a day before the game. Here they arrive almost a week before the game. And that is just to accommodate the fact that the Super Bowl is this huge corporate affair, this huge media affair. So it's interviews and a little bit of practice, and interviews and a little bit of practice. And if a team losses focus, it could really hurt them come Sunday.","It sounds like a pretty intense week. Now, let's say I were a betting woman. Does this kind of hectic schedule favor one team over the other?","Well, you know, even if you weren't a betting woman, even if you were someone with, you know, who lives and dies with the Steelers or who bleeds Cardinals Burgundy - I think there probably are people like that - you might say that the Pittsburgh Steelers might have the edge, because in general, they are the more experienced team, having been to and won a Super Bowl just three years ago."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Lives and dies\" and \"bleeds Burgundy\" are not literal. They just refer to someone being a huge fan of the team.","questions":"What do \"lives and dies\" and \"bleeds Burgundy\" refer to?","answer":"Fan"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And, you know, so I asked this about luck too. And he said, yes, well, we have to take what we can get, but it turns out that Comet Ison is headed towards the sun in November. So they're hoping for another batch of data coming up this fall, something to keep an eye out for, he said, because it's going to look really full too, even for us.","For us. That's supposed to be a super comet we'll see with the naked eye up in the sky.","Yeah.","So this comet actually was not gobbled up by the sun. It was - it's made its journey and went back out again."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Gobbled up is not literal. The comet would not be eaten by the sun, but would be burnt up by the sun's heat.","questions":"How would the sun affect the comet?","answer":"Burnt"}
{"text":["Well, part of number two is to go and send swarms of Arkyd 300 spacecraft to these high targets that - high value targets. And then after number two, we'll choose the ones that we want to actually extract resources from. And then number three, phase three comes along, which is to go and extract those resources and deliver them to the point of need.","Good luck to you, Eric Anderson. I hope you get a webcam on those asteroids for us to follow along with you.","We will. Don't worry.","All right. Thanks for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Eric Anderson may encounter difficulties or challenges during his mission","questions":"How might Eric Anderson's mission be affected?","answer":"Difficulties"}
{"text":["The House passed the Republican health care bill this week that would repeal and replace large portions of President Obama's Affordable Care Act. The bill now goes to the Senate. It was a close vote in the House. Twenty Republicans and every single Democrat voted against the bill. We go now to one of the 217 members of Congress who voted for the American Health Care Act. Congressman Tom Reed is a Republican from the Finger Lakes District of New York. Mr.  Reed, thanks very much for being back with us.","Always a pleasure, Scott. Thanks for having me on.","I know you have three public meetings today, so thanks for making the time. You were undecided at one point. What decided it for you?","Well, we were supportive of the original bill, and then the amendments started to dribble out. And we wanted to make sure we read the text before we took an actual position on the bill. And once we read the text, I was very comfortable that this is a step in the right direction to take on the health care crisis in America."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: It's important to take a step back and reflect on our actions before making decisions.","questions":"How did Congressman Tom Reed come to a decision on the health care bill?","answer":"Read"}
{"text":["I was struck by a phrase in Chris Arnold's piece about the dollar being the bedrock currency for much of the world. Is that jeopardized?","Very much so. Treasury debt is the only risk-free asset in the world. It undergirds the world's financial system, it's in everybody money market's funds. You know, China, among many other countries, buys Treasury bills like crazy - over a trillion dollars. So, if you'd have to start factoring in risk, even if it's political risk, into our debt, you know, two things happen. The rest of the world becomes less enchanted with buying it, and our interest payments - what the government has to pay to issue that debt will rise substantially.","Can I get you to play out your scenario about what happens if October 17 comes and there's no agreement?","I don't think that much will happen on October 17th. I think there's a little wiggle room. What happens on October 17th is the government loses its borrowing authority and it can only pay out the cash it has on hand. However, if we got to the end of the month and the United States missed a bond payment, I believe that you would have an event that is three, four, five, six times worse than the Lehman Brothers of five years ago. Because the banks rely on treasuries to trade with each other overnight. That's how they fund themselves. And if you take away trust in the financial system or U. S.  debt, it will be cataclysmic. The banks will freeze up. There will be no borrowing. It'll be like Lehman. The stock market will go down. It has the potential to be a true out-and-out disaster."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Play out your scenario\" does not mean that someone is going to act out a script or a play. It means that someone is going to explain or describe a possible scenario or situation.","questions":"Which phrase in Chris Arnold's piece did PersonB mention to start the conversation?","answer":"Bedrock-currency"}
{"text":["More than two million homes were in foreclosure by the end of last year and that has left entire neighborhoods practically abandoned. Some homes have been vandalized, used as drug dens, swimming pools become fetid, and lawns choked with weeds. Cathy Cardenas has a solution to that. She wants to make some money too. She's the owner of a new company called Designer Home Tending and she joins us now from Salt Lake City. What is Designer Home Tending?","Well, Designer Home Tending is a completely no-cost service that we offer to real estate agents and their sellers. We put qualified home tenders in a home to clean it up, bring life back into the property, and this most of time helps the house sell a lot faster than it would just sitting vacant.","What's a home tender?","A home tender is a person who moves into a house, they manage the property, they move into it, they have to have beautiful furniture, they decorate it like a model home, they take care of all the lawn maintenance, getting to weeds down. They care for the outside of the house for - they pay the utilities, cooperate for real estate showing. So it's nice because it gives them instant relief to the sellers who were already circling hard enough just to make their mortgage payment. And then to have all these other - to be relieved of these other expenses is a great service, and by having a home tender there's definitely been proven that the house would sell 40 to 60 percent faster most\u2026"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Lawns were not choked but had a vast amount of weeds in them that was killing the grass.","questions":"What was the condition of the lawns in the foreclosed homes?","answer":"Weeds"}
{"text":["And I want to just warn listeners before we get going there may be some brief descriptions of violence as we chat this out over the next couple minutes. Start with, why now?As we said, the federal government has not carried out an execution for some years now.","Actually, a senior Justice Department official tells me the previous attorney general, Jeff Sessions, launched this effort, put it into motion. But it's actually happening on the watch of his successor, Bill Barr. Barr says the federal government owes it to victims and their families. He points out, even though there haven't been many executions in the federal system, that Justice Departments representing presidents from both political parties have continued to seek capital punishment in court.","Barr says the people on federal death row are the worst of the worst. And he's directed the Federal Bureau of Prisons to schedule five inmates for executions, all starting - if it goes to plan - December 9.","And who are these five?What do we know about them?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to carry something out means to do something","questions":"How does Bill Barr justify the resumption of federal executions?","answer":"Victims"}
{"text":["So in some senses, it's unverifiable. You know, I guess one of the best ways to think about this memorandum is that when asked, Devin Nunes refused to share this memo either with the DOJ - or the Department of Justice - or the FBI - the very people accused in the memo, or with the Republican chairman of the Senate intelligence committee. So that tells you a little bit about his level of confidence in the allegations that are made.","Apparently, Democrats are drafting their own memo in response to this memo. So now we're going to have dueling memos?What's in that one?","Well, we haven't completed it yet, but it will be a memorandum which points out the factual inaccuracies in the original one. Again, it's a bit sensitive because in - there's sort of an evil genius to this first memorandum because it does make reference to very highly classified intelligence that almost nobody has seen. But in as much as we can, we'll try to lay out the facts around these acquisitions - sorry, these allegations. And, again, just make the point that, you know, along with, you know, the belief that there was wiretapping of Donald Trump, you know, that there was improper unmasking - this is the latest in a steady stream of unfounded allegations designed to undermine the FBI in particular.","I'd like to understand a little bit about what the committee, at this point, is doing in the House that is investigating collusion between Russian operatives and the Trump campaign. It's been nearly a year. Have you found an - evidence of any crimes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The first memorandum makes unfounded allegations to undermine the FBI.","questions":"How does the first memorandum aim to undermine the FBI?","answer":"Undermine"}
{"text":["So, you know, it was a very, very gutsy move because he and I, we didn't have a quarter. And I'm sure you're saying, well, how did you open up a restaurant without any money?Well, my grandmother, who was in her 90s, was gracious enough and had enough faith and confidence in us to use her house as collateral, and we took out a small 20,000 dollar loan, opened up a 2,000-square-foot restaurant in 1988.","And, the first day we opened, we were dead broke. We didn't have a cash register. There were so many things that we didn't have that I wouldn't dare try to open up a restaurant in today's time without. But in less than the two years - we leased the building for two years - in two years, not only had we paid my grandmother her money back, but we had saved 40,000 dollars. And we took that money and used it as a down payment and purchased our first restaurant.","Well, you know, I want to go to you, Gina, because I understand that there was a reunion at which you two reconnected. Tell me about that, first of all.","Pat and I dated in high school. As a matter of fact, our parents went to the same high school, and we got back together - we dated all through high school, we broke up, of course, and then we got back together at our 10-year reunion."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Opening a restaurant without money was a difficult and risky venture","questions":"Which collateral did they use to take out a $20,000 loan?","answer":"house"}
{"text":["But a number of scientists say the issue has become so politicized that we're ignoring the real facts. They say study after study have shown that emergency contraceptives like Plan B inhibit or delay ovulation, they do not interfere with implantation.","Dr.  Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson has conducted some of this research. She's professor and chair of the Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Karolinska Institute in Sweden, and she joins us from Bergen, Norway. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","Are these abortion pills?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"She joins us from Bergen, Norway\" implies that the speaker is conducting an interview remotely with someone who is in a different location.","questions":"Which city is the professor joining the interview from?","answer":"Bergen"}
{"text":["Well, I think everybody is kind of on pins and needles to see what's going to come out of it, see what direction Congress is going to go.","The union recently made certain concessions to help cut costs on their end, including suspending the job bank program, and that's a program where UAW workers can receive nearly full pay for up to two years if their jobs are eliminated. Why make sacrifices like that?","Well, I think the union has been a partner ion this thing. In fact, I was one to help negotiate the jobs bank originally, so I pretty well understand that program. But, if we can turn this thing around, we can keep those working that are there today, so there may not be a need for it.","Of course, any proposed changes would have to be ratified by union members. What do you think the chances are there that these changes would be approved?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : on pins and needles implies that people are very concerned and alert about what is happening","questions":"What is the emotional state of the people regarding the situation mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Alert"}
{"text":["It's called a poor choice. On one innocent New Year's Eve in the early 1980s, I went to a party with all my friends. And justification, rationalization - everybody's doing it. I'm the only kid who's - just has a couple beers and is not doing coke. So you know what?I try it. And you know what happened?I'm not like everybody else. I liked it too damn much. And what it did was take away the split-second timing of being able to hit a major league fastball and to do the geometry that you need to do to run down ground balls and throw accurately. It just took a split second off me. And I had a 10-year career. But I would have been, in my opinion, an all-star-type player a couple years. And the morals - incredibly, the morals and values that my dad instilled in me made me a good cocaine user, so to speak.","I don't understand that at all. The morals your father instilled in you made you a good cocaine user.","Here's how. Here's how. I was never late for a game, never would think about playing a game on coke. I was raised too well to do that. I convinced myself that I was OK.","Painful as it is but also, I think, instructive to those of us who loved your father - could you tell us about the time when he called you up and said, get over here?And it was - your father and your brothers wanted to talk to you about all this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : playing a game on coke, not using the coke as a surface, but being high on drugs","questions":"How did PersonA convince himself that he was okay?","answer":"highstrung"}
{"text":["And she - my wife went and found the chaplain at Northwestern - a Lutheran chaplain who'd never performed a wedding before. She came to our room and performed the ceremony, just the three of us. It was a lovely, personal, intimate ceremony. And immediately after the ceremony, I took some pain medication and peed in a cup.","Well, that's one way to say l'chaim, isn't it?I made a short list: addiction abuse, adultery, abandonment, imminent incest and just plain old hatred. So is every family is a little bit like the Westons of Osage County?","What we have seen by doing this play is that the story of this family is pretty universal. And the dinner scene alone, in the theater - I can tell you that some people are howling with laughter, and other people are in tears and crawling under their seats. They find it very upsetting to watch because it hits pretty close to home.","\"Fiddler on the Roof\" with the F word?","That's one way to look at it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) B: \"Well, that's one way to say l'chaim, isn't it? I made a short list: addiction abuse, adultery, abandonment, imminent incest and just plain old hatred. So is every family is a little bit like the Westons of Osage County?\"","questions":"How did PersonB describe the similarities between the Weston family and other families?","answer":"Universal"}
{"text":["Thank you very much for having me.","Can you describe the scene for us in Sana'a now?","The situation in Sana'a at the moment is very insecure and unpredictable. It's very scary, obviously, because the airstrikes come at any time. And now with the fuel crisis that's going on, Yemen is a country that is basically based all its - basics let's say from importing - the food, the fuel, the wheat - everything comes importing and talking about the main things that would allow the people to be alive. And now at the borders - the blockade in the borders - this is creating a huge catastrophe that is ahead of us at the moment.","Oxfam had been pushing to end the fighting, at least to get these shipments into the country. Are you worried about future shipments?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B: Oxfam had been pushing to end the fighting, at least to get these shipments into the country. Are you worried about future shipments?","questions":"What organization has been pushing to end the fighting and deliver shipments to Yemen?","answer":"Oxfam"}
{"text":["They do but it's almost imperceptible. They're - they have pretty soft body for ants and unless they get you in a very sensitive part, you can't even feel it. But in fire ants - fire ants have a stinger so they sting. So that's what the painful part of a fire ant sting is.","What's the future of these guys?Do you think that they're going to populate the whole South?I mean is there any limit to their migration?","Well, there are several limits, and we don't know what a lot of them are yet. One very important limit in the short term is that they do - they don't have winged dispersal. So they don't send out ants - winged ants to form new colonies, which means their spread is quite slow over land, about 200 meters a year radially.","So the only way that they can colonize distant places is when people pick them up and move them, which unfortunately people do a lot. And they do it because these ants like to live in these pre-existing cavities, like flower pots or plywoods you left on the ground too long or old boxes. So that's one limitation to their spread. Others are that - are abiotic(ph) limitations like freeze tolerance and drought tolerance. And we don't know yet what those are for this species."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Fire ants are not ants of fire but they have a sting that feels like fire on the person.","questions":"What is the painful part of a fire ant sting often compared to?","answer":"Fire"}
{"text":["There's a group of Americans who've been dubbed the Young Invincibles. They're not, of course. But they are young, healthy and people the administration needs to buy health coverage under the Affordable Care Act. The new health insurance exchanges opened October 1st and officials want at least 2. 7 million of the seven million estimated new enrollees to fall inside that 18 to 35 age range to keep insurance rates low.","The president and Hollywood stars have made special appeals to this group, nicely reminding them that those who choose not to enroll have to pay a fine. In 2011, over 18 million of these young adults were not insured for health care.","We spoke with Lisa Dubay, a fellow at the Urban Institute, about why many have not had coverage.","Only about 11 percent of the uninsured Young Invincibles aren't purchasing coverage because they think they don't need it. Most of them are saying they're not purchasing coverage because it's unaffordable. So I'm not convinced that they're not going to enroll. I think they probably will enroll. If the rates are good and they look like they're going to be low with the subsidies, I think that we will get Young Invisibles to come in. And they have a lot of options."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) B: There's a group of Americans who've been dubbed the Young Invincibles. They're not, of course. But they are young, healthy and people the administration needs to buy health coverage under the Affordable Care Act.  The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is introducing a group of Americans who are referred to as the Young Invincibles, and clarifying that they are not actually invincible. However, the implied meaning could be that the speaker is trying to downplay the idea that young people are invincible and don't need health insurance, in order to encourage them to enroll in the Affordable Care Act. The speaker may also be using irony to draw attention to the fact that even though these young people are not invincible, they may feel that way and be hesitant to enroll in health insurance.","questions":"Which group of Americans does PersonB refer to as \"Young Invincibles\"?","answer":"YoungInvincibles."}
{"text":["The speaker has suffered through days of public humiliation at the hands of his fractious troops. But sometimes what doesn't kill you makes you stronger. And by surviving all of this, he has probably strengthened what's always been a rather tenuous grip on the speakership. In the end, he did the right thing - we talked about this in the past - and kept government and borrowing authority going forward. And probably he'll have a better weekend this weekend than he had last.","Certainly more free time. I think a lot of people are wondering this weekend: is Senator Ted Cruz a new national figure or a diminished one, after events of this past week?","You could say he's both. Certainly he is new hero of the Tea Party and others who wanted to stop the Affordable Care Act, Obamacare, by any means necessary. At the Value Voters Summit, for example, here about a week ago, he absolutely dominated the presidential preference straw poll on social conservatives. But within the establishment of the Republican Party, in the financial community and among party fundraisers, he has come to be regarded as dangerous.","And a hard word and that raises this question. Against what's been the stereotype, the image for many years, Democrats appeared unified over these past few weeks, and the Republicans who looked like they were - what's the old joke they used to make about Democrats - a circular firing squad?What's happened to the two major parties?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"circular firing squad\" - This is a metaphorical expression that means a group of people who are fighting against each other instead of working together towards a common goal, rather than a literal firing squad.","questions":"What is the metaphorical meaning of \"circular firing squad\"?","answer":"Conflict"}
{"text":["The inspector general also alleges that lucrative government contracts were given to friends and former colleagues of the bureau. And this isn't the first criticism by the inspector general of the Minerals Management office. Last year, that office was accused of making mistakes in the royalties that calculated for the industry. It saved companies more than 10 billion dollars. So, at the very least, this latest investigation gives ammunition to the people who say that the Bush administration is too close to the oil and gas industry.","And so, this directly affects taxpayers and consumers?","Well, you know, the head of the Minerals Management Agency says, no, that the agency has been collecting the proper amount of royalties, but the report says some oil companies were allowed to revise their payments downward after their contracts were finalized. And outsiders have to wonder why would the industry be giving gifts to employees of this agency, if they didn't want something in return?","OK. Still on oil, another story. OPEC announced it will be cutting production. What does that mean?","Well, they do want to cut production to keep the price high, but you know, Saudi Arabia said today that it isn't necessarily going to stick to those quotas and produce what the cartel imposed late on Tuesday. So, the prospect that Saudi Arabia might continue to crank out high levels of crude is pushing oil prices down, even as Hurricane Ike barrels down on the Gulf of Mexico."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The oil industry gave gifts to employees of the Minerals Management Agency in exchange for something.","questions":"How did the oil industry benefit from giving gifts to employees of the Minerals Management Agency?","answer":"Something"}
{"text":["They do but it's almost imperceptible. They're - they have pretty soft body for ants and unless they get you in a very sensitive part, you can't even feel it. But in fire ants - fire ants have a stinger so they sting. So that's what the painful part of a fire ant sting is.","What's the future of these guys?Do you think that they're going to populate the whole South?I mean is there any limit to their migration?","Well, there are several limits, and we don't know what a lot of them are yet. One very important limit in the short term is that they do - they don't have winged dispersal. So they don't send out ants - winged ants to form new colonies, which means their spread is quite slow over land, about 200 meters a year radially.","So the only way that they can colonize distant places is when people pick them up and move them, which unfortunately people do a lot. And they do it because these ants like to live in these pre-existing cavities, like flower pots or plywoods you left on the ground too long or old boxes. So that's one limitation to their spread. Others are that - are abiotic(ph) limitations like freeze tolerance and drought tolerance. And we don't know yet what those are for this species."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They like to live in holes of things such as pots and the ground.","questions":"What kind of places do the ants like to live in?","answer":"Holes"}
{"text":["So, we just heard Bill say, essentially, yes, this is a huge incident, but it doesn't compare with some of the other social issues. Do you think that there's two much focus on this?","No, I don't think that at all. I don't think it's an either or type of equation. Because in essence it's not that the outrage against this diminishes the outrage against rape or HIV or AIDS or any of those other things.","In fact, I would say that there, these things you know, rather than those the reaction against, to those things, being disparate, in essence what people are reacting to is a culture and, in essence, a series of events that have at their root a basic disrespect for black life, especially black female life.","So, you can't really separate something like rape, the AIDS crisis which disproportionately affects women, and this type of incident where the targets were, you know, poor black women. At their root is essentially the fact that they are continuing to be so devalued."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It implies that issue of rape and AIDS are interconnected and cannot be viewed in isolation from one another.","questions":"How are the issues of rape, AIDS, and the incident mentioned interconnected?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["I think, given what we know about the internal divisions within Iran on some of these issues and the - their negotiating behavior in the past where they've made outrageous public statements and then in negotiations walk right - walked them right back, I wouldn't put too much credence in those statements at this point.","How much confidence do you have that the sanctions and the negotiations are going to be fruitful?","I think that this is going to create the best opportunity we've had in many, many years to test the seriousness of the Iranians and whether they're willing, you know, really, they're - they have a choice between either saving their economy and being part of - a viable part of the region or pursuing a nuclear weapons program that will make them a pariah, even more of a pariah than they are today. That's a pretty fundamental strategic choice. And I think we'll know in the coming weeks and months what choice they make.","Why won't deterrence and containment work with Iran?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : going to be fruitful implies that it will be successful, the goals achieved and not referring to fruits from the trees ","questions":"What does PersonB ask about the success of the sanctions and negotiations with Iran?","answer":"Confidence"}
{"text":["We all do need advice. And, obviously, you're so vulnerable when you have a kid. You're scared. You don't know what to do. So what is this stuff based on?","You know, it's based on people's experiences. But some of it is actually really based on old, old advice. So if you look at the history of parenting books, you can see that advice is kind of recycled over and over again, tweaked a little bit for the fashion of the time. So, for instance, this idea that babies need to feed at a certain time - that's from the 1700s.","Oh, OK. So this is old advice that keeps on getting recycled through the ages. But is it necessarily bad advice?","No, it's not - I'm not here to say that it's bad advice. But there's a big hole in these parenting books and from the experts. And that's that this advice is almost solely based on the Western experience, the Western culture. And if you look around the world, there's so many other ways to do things."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : What is missing from the books is that the advice is for western culture. Advice for others is not included ","questions":"What is the gap in the parenting advice given in the books?","answer":"Gap"}
{"text":["Well, let's put it this way - if we don't fight, we will lose everything. We will lose the rule of law. We will lose the human right. We will lose the way of life that we're used to. We will lose, you know, the freedom we have. But if we fight, that might - you know, there may be a chance. There may be a miracle.","What specifically do you want that you think the government could conceivably deliver?","Well, it's not me want. I think Hong Kong people, after more than three month resistance and facing the police violence, we know that if we don't fight, we will always be under attacked and under encroachment on our freedom.","What do you want from the United States?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : what do you want from the US that implies they want freedom from the other country","questions":"Which country do the people in Hong Kong want freedom from?","answer":"China"}
{"text":["The regulations and the oversight that was put in place was relatively minimal because this was going to be such a small endeavor. It was going to be a small-scale experiment for 100 schools. Well, guess what?We have 1,300 charter schools today. And we have a law that doesn't actually account for the scale of that.","That's LA Times reporter Anna Phillips. She's been investigating loopholes in California's charter school system. What she discovered is a fragmented and decentralized regulating system. In Los Angeles, Phillips encountered a case in which a wealthy Beverly Hills couple made millions of dollars by simply turning to a different school district whenever their charter schools came under scrutiny.","These charter schools had been set up as nonprofits that were publicly funded. But if you looked right kind of on the outskirts of them, the couple that had started them had essentially created a series of businesses or nonprofits that were doing business with their own schools. So for instance, this couple rented a lot of their own properties they owned. They were their own landlords.","They owned buildings that then they rented to the schools, so they were getting that income.","Exactly. And there were other ways they were getting income. The woman who ran these schools, her husband was hired on as a project manager for about $500,000 to oversee the construction of a new campus. When they wanted to bring in cafeteria meals for their students, they hired one of their own organizations. So this was public money that was coming into these schools, but the couple that ran them was financially benefiting from it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"So this was public money that was coming into these schools, but the couple that ran them was financially benefiting from it\" - The literal meaning of this sentence is that public funds were being used to support the couple's charter schools, and that the couple was making a profit from these funds. However, the implied meaning is that the couple may have been exploiting their positions of power to enrich themselves at the expense of the public education system.","questions":"Which system was discovered to be fragmented and decentralized by Anna Phillips?","answer":"California's"}
{"text":["Their arteries expand. They become these little reservoirs of fresh blood, so that even if the arteries get pinched off, they have access to oxygenated blood while their heads are turned. And they, of course, they need this. They have huge, you know, brains and eyes.","Right. Right. Yeah. So it's a great video. If you want to know how an owl does this, we have the whole thing right there. It's our Video Pick of the Week up there on our website at sciencefriday. com. Also it's up there on YouTube in our SCIENCE FRIDAY YouTube channel. You could watch it there.","Absolutely. Go to YouTube or SCIENCE FRIDAY or download our video podcast and you can take SCIENCE FRIDAY videos on the go.","There you go. And it's made by Flora Lichtman, who is now our correspondent and managing editor for video. Congratulations on your appointment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Owls have a special anatomy that allows them to turn their heads far.","questions":"Which website features the Video Pick of the Week?","answer":"sciencefriday.com"}
{"text":["The banks can bring in their junky securities and swap them for cash or treasury bills. And that, on top of interest rate cuts, Bernanke thought would be enough to keep the financial system working until it healed itself. The strategy at the Fed was known as the finger in the dike strategy, keep the water out and eventually things will recover.","But obviously, you know things didn't work out like that. And in the spring, we had the great Bear Stearns crisis, and the Fed was forced to intervene to prevent them going bankrupt. Then, we had another few months where it seemed like things had stabilized, but this thing's like a disease. It goes away for a while, and then, you know, it comes back in a more virulent form.","In September, after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, you know, all hell broke out, basically. And since then, we've had a sort of slow motion collapse of the financial system.","Now, this entire crisis has really tarnished Alan Greenspan's legacy, and he even admitted that his basic economic philosophy is now changed. What about Ben Bernanke?Does he deserve the same criticism?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The \"finger in the dike strategy, keep the water out and eventually things will recover\" is not actually talking about water leaking out of a dam, but rather a declining bank that needed a solution to a financial drain problem","questions":"Which strategy was referred to as the \"finger in the dike strategy\"?","answer":"Finger"}
{"text":["Yes.","And so tell me about this toilet.","OK. This is a prototype that was displayed after one year of research. So eight major universities around the world were tasked with coming up with a new approach to completely handle the waste, basically, with no traditional urban infrastructure. In other words, it should operate in the absence of an electrical grid. It should operate in the absence of piped-in water, the subject of your previous conversations. And it should basically function at low cost and be available to the developing world within a three to four-year period of time.","And what is yours - what does your prototype look like?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that the toilet designed is an advance toilet that needs no piped-in water and electrical grid to function which will also be more useful for developing countries because of it low cost.","questions":"How did the toilet prototype function?","answer":"Function"}
{"text":["So I ran the numbers, and the numbers do check out. As far as on Instagram, Horseshoe Bend's popularity, be it in its hashtag or in its geotag, is normally 10 times as popular as anything else in that area.","But is that really a problem?Doesn't that popularity just mean that it might not be as unique, but it's still beautiful?It's still there. People can see it.","Well, popularity is very important. The outdoor world needs more visitors and better accessibility. The difficulty with managing that side of it is that construction can have adverse effects to the natural areas if you start doing different buildings and that sort of thing on top of it, but yes.","Is this an anomaly, though, when we're talking just about Horseshoe Bend or have you seen other spaces that have changed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"the outdoor world needs more visitors\" - this means that more people should visit natural outdoor areas.","questions":"Which world needs more visitors?","answer":"Outdoor"}
{"text":["Both the trains slowed. I was standing there with my bag over my shoulder, ready to jump. It was windy. It was cold. It was kind of getting dark. And so they finally lined up the cars correctly, and I was told to run across the loose rocks and jump on to the other train.","The conductor on the other train pulled me on to that car. Once I was onboard, another conductor came through the car, and she said to me, don't get up when we get to Milwaukee. What I heard from her was don't get up, or I will kill you. I did not move the rest of the trip.","So I get to Saint Paul. I'm looking for my brother. He's late. So he gets there, and I ask him, why were you late?And he says, well, I checked the train schedule, and it said it was running behind. Oh, that was because of me.","A travel nightmare with a happy ending from Anne Fleury in Milwaukee. Send us your stories, please. Go to weekendeditionsaturday@npr. org. Click on contact. Put Travel Nightmare at the top of your message."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The situation was dangerous and Anne was scared.","questions":"Which feeling did Anne have during the train ride?","answer":"Scared"}
{"text":["My best friend grew up in the Philippines and celebrated Christmas in a really bizarre fashion - without Santa at all. On his first holiday in the United States, a relative happily shouted, come look what Santa did. And Joe froze, sure that someone had stolen all his toys. Well, how was I supposed to know, he told me. No one ever broke into our home to give us things.","This year, Emmeline is increasingly interested in these fledgling magical mysteries of childhood. We read \"The Night Before Christmas\" every day now, and I figured, if Emmeline could buy into the story of wingless, flying reindeer, she'd eventually come around to the notion that the fat guy from the mall could fit through a tiny gas pipe. In a family of jaded atheists, it was the true miracle of Christmas.","At the fireplace, Emmeline inspected the hole again, poking a hesitant finger through the opening. She looked up with unblinking eyes and asked, Santa fits in there?I nodded, whispering, Santa can do anything. Emmeline paused for a moment, smiling hopefully. But mommy said he just climbs in the window. At least we have another day to get our traditions straight.","Mike Adamick lives in San Francisco with his wife and their pint-sized doubting Thomas."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : when something is pint-sized in this context it means something is very small","questions":"How does PersonB describe Mike Adamick's child?","answer":"Doubting"}
{"text":["Well, that would be an interesting question. Right now, we make a decision. We say we're going to harden particular targets to make them difficult for terrorists to attack. So yes, terrorists do act rationally and choose another target - they choose a less hardened target. The question is whether it could respond very rapidly to changing information.","Large terror attacks take a lot of work and a lot of planning. And if the market predicted a high probability of an attack in a particular place, it's not as though it's a trivial matter for a terror group to suddenly switch all of its resources to another place. I'm not suggesting this would work. It would be a tool that would be used alongside other tools. And I'm just suggesting an experiment to see if it can improve the accuracy of intelligence forecast.","And what do you say to those people who say - my God, this is hideous?It's blood money.","It is hideous in a sense. It is. There's no question. I share the revulsion of people who say - but people shouldn't profit from this. On the other hand, if allowing people to profit from this, from making these predictions, improved our ability to predict, then it might be something worth trying because of the lives it would save on the other side."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implicates that the speaker is willing to sacrifice certain moral values for the sake of saving lives.","questions":"How does the speaker justify their proposal?","answer":"Lives"}
{"text":["Earle Havens, Ph. D.  - although, of course we want to look into that now. And he's the head of the Department of Special Collections here at the George Peabody Library in Baltimore. The exhibit - what's the title again?","\"Fakes, Lies and Forgeries. \"","All right - runs through February 1. Thanks very much for being with us.","And thank you very much. This was a great pleasure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"This was a great pleasure\" - The literal meaning of the phrase would be that the speaker had a physically pleasurable experience, but the intended meaning is that the speaker enjoyed the conversation or interview.","questions":"How did PersonA feel about the conversation?","answer":"Pleasure"}
{"text":["Right. You have this really shocking statistic in your article where you say that personal consumption amounts to 70 percent of the American economy.","Yeah, that's right. Basically, we are the engine of our own economy. And for far too long apparently, we've just been swiping our Visa cards willy nilly and pumping up this economy. The worry is that when we stop doing that, which is what's happening, our economy is going to sag.","So you went out to see if it was sagging. You went to the Mall of America. What did you find?","The most ambitious mall in the United States, the mall that is doing the most to put you in the fugue state that allows you to spend. They're up against it at the Mall of America. What I found was a lot of people who weren't shopping all that much and a lot of people that were counting their pennies in a way that they never had before."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The statistic does not electrically shock people but it does greatly surprise people.","questions":"Which word describes how people react to the statistic in turn 0?","answer":"surprised"}
{"text":["I'm - so far, pretty much silence, but I also think that this is very different from the past allegations. This is something that will be much harder for Republicans to defend without looking even more craven than most voters. . .","OK.",". . . Will tolerate. You know, we can't base our foreign policy on whether foreign leaders are willing to do political favors for the president.","And we'll have to leave it there. Representative Tom Malinowski, Democrat of New Jersey. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"without looking even more craven\" implies that Republicans look craven for sure.","questions":"How do Republicans appear according to turn 0?","answer":"Craven"}
{"text":["Tomorrow, car sales numbers for November are due out, and they're not expected to be good. That could lead to more dealerships shutting down, and that could mean a big loss of revenue for local governments. For example, this year, the state of California has lost at least two billion dollars in sales taxes due to the drop in car sales.","To get a better sense of how local governments are coping, we're joined now by Marshall Bond. He is the city manager for Monroeville, Pennsylvania. Thanks for joining us, and why don't you tell us how many car dealerships are in Monroeville?","Just about every major domestic and foreign manufacturer sells cars here in Monroeville.","And so, how much of your budget comes from the revenue from car sales at these dealerships?","We have a business tax which obviously is, I'd say, probably of that - I'd say total tax is probably about 15 to 20 percent is based upon our related car industry."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The guest will provide insight into how local governments are dealing with the issue of car sales.","questions":"What will the guest provide?","answer":"Insight"}
{"text":["Oh, yeah. Now, the - no, you've got two different, very distinct threats. You've got the homeland, you know, converted through the internet or perhaps with some of the mosques or some of the individuals here in the United States. But no, it is clear from, you know, all kind of open-source reporting and other information that is available.","But I wonder if you can name - I don't know - even one instance.","The - no. You have the folks a couple of years ago that came across from Vancouver. But just because they have not yet executed a terrorist attack. . .","That's the Canadian border."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In (3), the speaker is implying that just because there hasn't been a terrorist attack yet, it doesn't mean that there won't be one in the future.","questions":"Which border did the folks come across from in turn 2?","answer":"Canadian"}
{"text":["Of course. First of all, we created a group of specialized prosecutor and specialized law enforcement agencies, so we try to look at this unique phenomenon as a criminal network behind this. For this reason, we - first of all, we interview immediately the migrants when they arrive here in Palermo, in Sicily, Lampedusa and many of the towns that we are competent on - to get the material that we can use for the follow-up to our investigation - telephone numbers, identification, social network account - everything that we can use later.","And we build a trip, the route with the statements of the survivors of these terrible tragedies. But also, we had the corroboration of what we heard during our investigation directly from the traffickers operating in Africa - in Libya and Sudan - and also in Italy and in northern Europe.","Mr.  Ferrara, compared to La Cosa Nostra, are the smugglers well-organized?Are they - are they rich?","We are talking about a very structured criminal group. We are not talking about people that just put people in a boat and send them here. But we are talking really about criminal groups, very, very structured and very, very organized."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  implies that the investigators used information from the traffickers to further investigate the route of the people who survived the tragedies.","questions":"What did the investigators use to further investigate the route of the survivors?","answer":"Traffickers"}
{"text":["One option for mothers who feel they aren't able to properly raise a child is to surrender their infants anonymously. So-called safe-haven laws let moms give up their children at local hospitals, police and fire stations without legal consequence. They're intended as a way to save babies from grim fates. Pete Pircsh is a state senator in Nebraska.","2004, a 2-day-old infant was abandoned in a canal near the Elkhorn River in Norfolk. The baby had been dead for about two days at the time it was discovered. In 2007, a woman found a baby boy abandoned in a tote bag between a trash bin and a discarded TV, and there are other incidents like that.","This summer, Nebraska became the last state in the nation to pass a safe-haven law, and theirs is a bit different. Pirsch wrote an amendment to the bill that says children as old as 19 can be left at safe havens. Most states only allow parents to drop off their children if they're less than a year old.","If they're on the point where they, out of frustration or anger, may actually injure the child, then this is a vastly superior system to set up because it will take the child from that position of danger and place him into a safe environment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Nebraska's safe-haven law allows children up to the age of 19 to be left at safe havens.","questions":"What is the maximum age limit for children to be left at safe havens in Nebraska?","answer":"19"}
{"text":["Media looks very bad on this. It looks credulous for Justice Department sources. Hatfill had filed suit against the government and, you know, sought to get the names of sources from journalists, taking them to court to do so, and to try to prove that the Justice Department had intentionally leaked this, as they sought to, you know, circle in on him and to capture him for these attacks.","Now, this year, there was a settlement, a legal settlement, for Steven Hatfill from the government.","That's right. Just a few months ago, the government essentially paid out a package - depending on how you value it - but about 5. 85 million dollars to compensate him for lost revenue over the course of his career. He lost a job at Louisiana State University, as a result of this, that he had been offered. Interestingly, the government did not exonerate him directly. Although the entire settlement tended to do that, but it not explicitly exonerate him, and nor did it apologize to him for this. CHADWICK: I don't imagine that we in the media are going to be apologizing to him either. NPR's David Folkenflik, thank you.","You bet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Interestingly, the government did not exonerate him directly...nor did it apologize to him for this.\" - The actual meaning is that while the settlement may imply exoneration and an apology, the government did not explicitly state that Hatfill was innocent or offer an apology for their actions.","questions":"What did the government not do to Hatfill directly?","answer":"Exonerate"}
{"text":["Some folks get a little bit cranky about having to work on the holiday. It's a day that, you know, most of us spend with our family and friends. How do you feel about working on a day that most people get off?","Folks that work in NASA have a common bond of a real passion for the space program. So, we wouldn't be here if we didn't have that. And obviously, we'd like to be with our families, but if we can't be there, then the next best place to be is working on a space mission.","So, you know, we've been doing a space station for 10 years straight, and there's been someone here every year for every holiday. And beyond holidays even, you know, one of the crew members on board is having their wedding anniversary just yesterday, and tomorrow's one of the birthdays of one of the flight directors working the flight.","So, we all kind of take care and bond together and take care of each other. And we're having a Thanksgiving dinner here that management's all bringing in for the flight controllers that are working, and we try to shift people out so that, you know, there's three shifts so that people do get some time at home."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People work on holidays and other special days on the space station","questions":"How long has someone been on the space station during holidays and special occasions?","answer":"10"}
{"text":["Well, it's a heck of a lot more. So the total incentive package, when you include some training grants and other things like that, is $7 million over 10 years that they're being offered now. What critics are complaining about is that it appears from a certain perspective that the state is essentially rewarding Carrier, even as it ships some of the jobs to Mexico anyway. From another perspective, they're retaining, you know, a thousand jobs at least. And those jobs do produce revenue for the state through state income taxes and sales tax, and the state would argue that it - and Mike Pence would argue - that they come out ahead still on that.","I'm wondering if that doesn't make sense to you, given the fact that if those employers just left the state, there'd be no tax revenue for the state of Indiana to tap, and even more people losing jobs.","This is the gray area of economic development. You know, how many of these workers would find other jobs in this state?And in terms of these incentives, you know, these don't even appear to be the primary factor in Carrier's decision to keep these jobs here.","Is it felt that the most persuasive argument was the fact that United Technologies, which is the parent company of Carrier is a federal contractor and needs to have good relations with the federal government, which Mr.  Trump's about to head?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :   The incentives offered may not be the primary factor in Carrier's decision, indicating that other factors, such as good relations with the federal government, may be more influential.","questions":"Which factor other than incentives may be more influential in Carrier's decision according to turn 3?","answer":"Relations"}
{"text":["So actually - so there have been many deaths from throwing events in track and field, but the javelin does not take up quite as many of those as the shot and disc do. Yeah, there are some pretty gruesome scenes when talking about the javelin injuries. And obviously, you know, getting impaled by a spear is not that good (laughter). But it's far less common than you might think.","So you're writing this paper which you hope will lead to getting the javelin reinstated as a sport. How do you think that'll work?What's going to be in your paper?","Well, there's a lot of things. You know, I think the biggest concerns that coaches have with implementing the event have to do with the injuries due to the javelin hitting somebody. You know, so I'll have to address that and the actual statistics behind it.","But really it's going to be more of a guide on how to implement the javelin and why it's better that it's included as an event in high school track here than not because, you know, I feel like it's just a great opportunity that everybody should have because I was lucky enough to find it through club track. And, you know, my life would be a lot different if I hadn't."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In (3), when A says \"I'll have to address that and the actual statistics behind it,\" the literal meaning would be that A will simply mention the statistics related to injuries caused by the javelin hitting someone. However, the implied meaning is that A will need to address the concerns of coaches regarding the safety of the javelin event and provide evidence to support the claim that the sport can be implemented safely.","questions":"Which concerns will PersonA address in their paper regarding the javelin event?","answer":"Injuries"}
{"text":["Tell us about that nuanced way.","Sure. What is important here is that the Kurds of Syria - look, I don't want to get in too many alphabet soups with you, but let's call them the PYD, as they're known in English - are indeed an offshoot of the PKK, the Kurds of Turkey. The PKK are the internationally recognized terrorist group, the avowed enemies of the Turkish state. For the past many months, the United States and most of our other coalition partners have drawn a distinction between the PYD, the Kurds of Syria, who have been battling against ISIS very fiercely since last October, on the one hand, as people that we needed to work with and on the other hand, the PKK, whom we recognized years ago, as an enemy of our Turkish ally. That distinction is really important to us, and the Turkish government practically have accepted that distinction.","Has something changed with Turkey?Because the last time we spoke with you, Mr. Ambassador, it was to ask you if Turkey really was an ally in the effort against ISIS.","Well, I think there can be less question of that now. The United States' larger strategy with respect to Syria in the region remains to be articulated beyond the need to defeat and destroy ISIS. The Turks continue to see the strategic problem in different terms but now very much including the need to defeat ISIS. So there's more common ground than there was before, and it's more overt and explicit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied Meaning: The speaker's use of sarcasm suggests that they do not believe the statement they just made is true, and instead are expressing the opposite sentiment.","questions":"What sentiment does the speaker express through their use of sarcasm?","answer":"Not-true"}
{"text":["No, not at all. And I've been pretty much apolitical my entire adult life. But this election is obviously quite different than previous presidential elections. So I just thought - I thought it was necessary to jump in and use my voice.","Why?","The prospects of Donald Trump being president just scare the hell out of me. And that's coming after having initially, you know, supported him and hoped that he would be 180 degrees different from what he turned out to be.","I mean, am I wrong?I seem to remember there was a time when you offered to be the running mate for either of them.","Oh, sure. Yeah, a lot of that was a little bit tongue-in-cheek. I didn't really expect that to happen. But, you know, there was a time when Donald first got into the race where I would talk to him on the phone."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"running mate\" - This is a metaphorical expression that means a person who is chosen to run for office with a presidential candidate.","questions":"Which expression did PersonA use to describe a person who is chosen to run for office with a presidential candidate?","answer":"Running"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, it may be too far to say that they elected the person. They may have contributed to a groundswell of opposition to, you know, Trump's opponent, Hillary Clinton, by having those emails released. You know, we don't really know to what extent they actually succeeded in changing how people voted and perceptions of Hillary Clinton. And how do you quantify that?","But you - you know, you do see that there is, you know, a view now within the intelligence community that this was the intention of the Russians. Their intention wasn't - according to the CIA briefing, the intention wasn't just to make us - make them look weak, but actually to help Trump win.","Adam Entous of The Washington Post, thanks so much.","Great to be here. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : By saying \"Adam Entous of The Washington Post, thanks so much,\" the speaker is expressing their gratitude for the discussion, while by saying \"Great to be here.","questions":"Which news organization is mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Washington"}
{"text":["They're tackling it backwards. At the end of the day, put in age verification because otherwise, every teenager would be drinking beer and going to the liquor store four, five times a day. Put in age verification. Make sure - and keep those companies - and hold them accountable. But if you put in age verification as an adult product, that is all you need to do.","So how much business do you stand to lose once this ban on thousands of flavors goes into effect?","That remains to be seen. I don't know. And I don't think it will go into effect. I think, at the end of the day, cooler heads will prevail because what's going to happen is you have to have the understanding and the knowledge and have all the information available to you prior to making such a drastic statement and doing something that will ultimately drive most people back to cigarettes.","We have literally, you know, destroyed the actual tobacco category as we know it because we gave them a vastly less harmful alternative. And that is what we are very proud of, and that is exactly what we're trying to continue."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Nothing is getting tackled. The people are trying to solve the problem the wrong way.","questions":"What did the people do wrong in trying to solve the problem?","answer":"shopping"}
{"text":["It probably depends on what chapter you're reading at the time. It's probably all of those things!I don't know who decides what goes into what box or what bin or what shelf, you know. For me, it's just about finding a character, finding a story, following, I guess, my heart at what I'm working on at the moment. And it just kind of falls, you know, wherever it may out there after that, you know.","There's been a lot of attention to the whole idea of street lit. And Zane, who's an erotica writer, extremely popular, sells a ton of books. A lot of people are like, well, she just can't write, but there's a lot of sex in it. And there's also a question that some people have raised about whether or not it is good for the race to have books that are explicit about black sexuality out there. So. . .","What race?The human race?","The black race. The black race. And so I bring this up because so often when people, you know, just as you mentioned, the distinctions between the way some people will look at female sexuality and male sexuality and what it's like to have a track record and whether that makes you a bad person. You know, people also look at these distinctions by race and say, oh well, black people are oversexed. That's some people stereotyping. Are you ever afraid that by doing work like this that you're, you know, I don't know, playing into a stereotype?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Some people stereotype black people as oversexed, and the speaker is afraid that their work might reinforce this stereotype.","questions":"What stereotype is the speaker afraid of reinforcing with their work?","answer":"Oversexed"}
{"text":["Is this situation just overshadowed by other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?","I think so. I think its a challenge that, you know, Uganda is the third largest refugee-hosting country in the world now, but I think most people dont realize that. When we think about refugees, we often think about the Syria crisis, which is the world's largest. We think about people who are crossing the Mediterranean. But we're not thinking about the now almost a million people who've crossed this land border into Uganda but have also fled from South Sudan into Kenya and Ethiopia and even into Sudan.","We're also in a situation where the administration has sent very limited aid budgets to Congress. And fortunately because the commitment that Congress continues to show, they've actually rejected those steep cuts to humanitarian aid and provided strong funding - robust funding for humanitarian assistance. But we need to see that funding really get out of the bank accounts in D. C.  and get out to the ground, where it's needed.","Has Uganda been been so welcoming?The international community has thought there's relatively little reason to get involved."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Has Uganda been so welcoming? The international community has thought there's relatively little reason to get involved.  Implicated meaning: The international community perceives Uganda as being less in need of involvement or assistance, possibly due to Uganda's perceived level of hospitality or the perception that the situation doesn't require urgent attention.","questions":"How is Uganda perceived by the international community?","answer":"Less"}
{"text":["But people in India really are angry. I have lived in this country in two different periods for about 15 years. I have never seen anything like this before. You see it in other countries, but you don't often see it in India, where people take to the streets and complain. They want change.","There hasn't been much change. All we've seen so far is the home secretary, the home minister, that's the head of the security services, I suppose, being changed, and nothing else has. The armed forces chief and other people are arguing and doing a blame game as to who's responsible, and people are getting angrier.","They want change in terms of attitudes and actions by the politicians and the bureaucrats. They want visible signs of the corruption, which impedes India's efficient government, to stop, and they also want signs that something is being done to stop further attacks.","Elections in India aren't too far off. Is this a signal that the current government might be in jeopardy?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People in India are usually not the type to protest","questions":"What have the people in India been demanding?","answer":"Change"}
{"text":["Perhaps Thursday night. And he had also mentioned that there - Democrats were, quote, \"trying to steal the election\" and had sort of mentioned fraud and referred the matter onto the state's version of the FBI called the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, known as the FDLE. Well, FDLE, the next day, said, hey, there's no allegation of fraud, that it - they don't even have a complaint.","So far, all of these folks are saying, on the Republican side, hey, there's fraud, it needs to be investigated, while the state investigative agency is like, we're here to investigate. Show us. And so far, there's nothing.","With 20 seconds left, why does this happen a lot in Florida?","Because that's just how we are. I think Tim Russert said Florida, Florida, Florida. Or some people call us Flori-duh (ph). And this is just part of the nature of living here and being a reporter in the Sunshine State."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"trying to steal the election\" and \"fraud\" are used in a figurative sense to imply that the Democrats were attempting to win the election through illegitimate means.","questions":"Which two words did the Republicans use to accuse the Democrats of trying to win the election in an illegitimate way?","answer":"Steal,Fraud"}
{"text":["You know, Renee, this was the week Kamala Harris found out what happens when a candidate breaks out in a debate and gets in the face of the frontrunner. You get a bump in the polls, but it comes with a lot of attention, much of it critical. And people take a longer look at your own positions on, say, busing and other issues as well. And we also saw headlines about how she and her husband made their money. We see folks on Twitter questioning her racial origins, which, by the way, caused her rival candidates to rally around in her defense, including Joe Biden.","And what about Joe Biden?He's trying to recover ground lost in those debates.","He's been doing television interviews and trying to talk about his sort of multipart position on busing over the years, and talk about his endorsements from African Americans who are local and state officials in key states. It's very early. The field is shifting. And if Biden can ride his ship in time for the debates at the end of this month, he'll still be the one the other candidates are coming after.","NPR senior editor and correspondent Ron Elving, thanks for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : You get a rise in the number of people supporting you on a poll.","questions":"What comes with a lot of attention and is often critical after a candidate breaks out in a debate and gets in the face of the frontrunner?","answer":"Attention"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Anthony Leiserowitz of the - he's the director of the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication at Yale. How can you follow up with this?Can you keep coming up with new polls so we can follow this?","Oh, absolutely. We'll be doing this at least twice a year and, of course, we have lots of other colleagues around the country that are also surveying on this exact same topics.","And will we know if this does move into the - more into the political discourse as well as the public discourse?","Well, I think we'll see it. I mean, first of all, you can see it in the amount of - number of times that the president talks about this, that candidate Mitt Romney talks about this, as well as across the board. I mean, remember, it's not just the presidential election. There are some Senate races and congressional races all over this country. And what we're seeing is that a lot of people are beginning to ask the question about climate change."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The discussion about climate change is not only limited to public discourse, but it is also a significant topic in political discourse, including presidential, Senate, and congressional races.","questions":"What type of races are also discussing climate change according to the dialogue?","answer":"Congressional"}
{"text":["He gave him something called Ward's White Drops which didn't do anything. The poor bishop died a few months later, and Dr.  Hunter was the one who performed the autopsy. And he collected the bishop's rectum for whatever reasons and he preserved them in formaldehyde. And when he started his museum, it became one of the main things on exhibit and it's still there.","Hmm. For - yeah, for all of us to take a look at.","Mm-hmm.","What made this an outstanding candidate?Just the story like that, for your. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The drops did not help the bishop's condition which eventually led to his death. Dr. Hunter collected and preserved the bishop's rectum, which became a prominent exhibit in his museum.","questions":"What did Dr. Hunter preserve in formaldehyde and display in his museum?","answer":"Rectum"}
{"text":["This seems to be something that President Trump does a lot. He doubles down on controversial comments.","And digs in. When someone tells him he's wrong, he especially digs in.","Yeah. Let's turn to trade now. There are reports that this administration is close to a new round of tariffs on Chinese goods, while they are still opening a new round of talks with Beijing. So what is going on?How should we read this?","Well, there might be something of a disconnect between the president and others in his administration. Others in his administration want to resolve what has been an escalating and ongoing trade dispute with China. What's being discussed here are $200 billion in tariffs on Chinese products. It isn't official yet, but according to many reports, it is coming. The question is whether these tariffs are a means to an end, the idea that you would be tightening the screws on China to get them to change their behavior and that then these tariffs would be dropped, or whether it's an end in itself."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Screws are not literally being tightened on China. It just means that increased political and economic pressure is being placed on the country.","questions":"What is the meaning of \"tightening the screws\" in turn 3?","answer":"Pressure"}
{"text":["But you also said let me reassure you, I've seen the quality of that work. In other words, these plans are viable, credible, ready to go?","Yes, I have. I did say that. Part of my job in the Pentagon was the oversight - civilian oversight of military planning, and one of the things that we've, you know, we're charged with is to prepare options for the president no matter the contingency. And certainly, there are very viable plans with regard to contingencies involving Iran. But again, the judgment is at this point that's not where the focus should be.","And as you know, Israel has - well, has plans of its own - contingencies. And I know a large part of your speech was devoted to the idea that they should hold off and reassuring them the United States would take action if necessary and that Israeli action would be counterproductive. More counterproductive than an American strike?","Well, my point to them was we have a shared objective here - preventing Iran from getting nuclear weapons and that, you know, any military action really only buys time. It's a delaying action for one to three years. It sets the program back, but it doesn't solve the fundamental problem of Iran's pursuit of a nuclear weapons capability. To do that, you'll need a continued international campaign with sanctions, with negotiations to eventually change their calculus."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"It sets the program back, but it doesn't solve the fundamental problem of Iran's pursuit of a nuclear weapons capability.\" - The actual meaning here is not about the meaning of the words used but rather about the speaker explaining the limitations of military action in addressing the issue of Iran's pursuit of nuclear weapons.","questions":"How does military action address Iran's pursuit of nuclear weapons?","answer":"Delays"}
{"text":["Absolutely. You would want the most competent, the most compassionate physician that you can find. But those are not necessarily the physicians that they're trying to hire based on the ad that I was looking at.","As you were talking about dual loyalty. . . .","Yeah.",". . . Is there a specific example you can give us to help listeners understand how this plays out in the real world?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : NO NEED OF GIVING ADVERTISEMENT TOTHE GOOD THING,IT SHINE BY ITS OWN","questions":"How does the statement relate to the conversation between PersonA and B?","answer":"irrelevant"}
{"text":["They do. The students often say things like, but I just want to fit in. I want to look like everyone else. And the people next to me aren't reading braille, so why should I?","So answer the question. Why should they?I mean, if it's easier to get along without having to rely on braille, tell me why you think it's still important. I'm just wondering if you're having a hard time making the case to parents as well as the students.","It's really not a hard sell to parents because we show them the data. We give them evidence that suggests students, when learning braille, they're more likely to get employment and have greater academic gains as while later in life.","How did you learn braille, by the way?Do you mind if I ask?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The students feel pressure to conform and not be different from their peers.","questions":"Which word describes how the students feel about not using braille?","answer":"Pressure"}
{"text":["Their main achievement was that they submitted documents to the United Nations, formally joining the Paris climate agreement. And on the occasion President Obama said that some day we may see this as the moment that we finally decided to save our planet. President Xi Jinping, meanwhile, called on other countries to follow their example. Now, a lot more countries still have to formally join this agreement for it to take effect. But the U. S.  and China submitted their documents ahead of schedule, and this just means that the commitments that these countries made in Paris can be put into action that much sooner.","This is the first time China has hosted this summit. Does it have a goal in mind as to why it's doing it?","Well, first of all, you know, by hosting this for the first time, to many Chinese it really marks the first time that they've had an equal seat at the rulemaking table since World War II. They feel that they're now the world's second-largest economy, and they want a say that's commensurate with that status. So far, a lot of the rules have been made by the Group of Seven or Group of Eight industrialized nations. China has not been a part of that, and they want a more equitable system represented by the G-20 that does a better job of taking into account the needs of developing nations like itself.","Do we know what's on the agenda?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"... it really marks the first time that they've had an equal seat at the rulemaking table since World War II.\" This turn has a figurative meaning, as it suggests that China sees itself as an equal player in global decision-making and wants to have a greater say in international affairs, rather than literally referring to a physical table.","questions":"Which event marks the first time China has had an equal seat at the rulemaking table since World War II?","answer":"Summit"}
{"text":["More so than Russia, which we seem to hear. . .","It's not even close.",". . . More about.","Not even close. Now, Russia is more tactical. They will spend their time and effort on onesie-twosie to see recruitments of humans in less. . .","Onesie-twosie recruitments."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Russia will try to get more people to join the military together.","questions":"How will Russia recruit for their military?","answer":"onesietwosie"}
{"text":["Every president in his or - his - well, I should say his or her. Every president in their first year has an unexpected crisis, whether it's national security, a natural disaster, domestic unrest. This is certainly shaping up to be Donald Trump's unexpected crisis. And I think he realizes that. And the stakes are getting higher, and I think that's why he's lashing out more because I think he realizes what's going on.","It's moved to the capital. As we said Secretary Price has resigned, but at least three more Cabinet members face similar accusations about charter jets. Whatever happened to them, can the Trump administration say they'll drain the swamp when they seem to be flying over it in private jets?","You, know, this reminds me of that line from \"The Godfather\" about Mr.  Corleone likes his bad news early. Donald Trump is not like bad news. And this was starting to spread to other cabinet members, obviously. And I think the we'll-see when he was asked whether Trump - I mean, whether Price should resign was his way of signaling, yes. And sure enough, Tom Price offered his resignation. And unlike the Session's case, the president accepted it because I think he sees this for the irony that it is of his own cabinet doing what he campaigned exactly against.","Is the Republican Party offering much of a profile of leadership at the moment?- can't get Repeal and Replace passed, the tax code seems - proposal seems fuzzy, federal response seems to certainly be slow if not negligent in Puerto Rico. We could go on."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - The actual meaning is that the Trump administration is facing criticism for their use of private jets, which goes against their promise to \"drain the swamp\" and reduce government corruption.","questions":"Which promise is the Trump administration facing criticism for breaking?","answer":"Swamp"}
{"text":["So, you're skeptical about a car czar. You think that there should be loans, though, with strict provisions attached to them.","Right, right.","What else?What else needs to be done?I mean, this is a massive, massive problem, and two of the three are facing extinction at this point.","Don't forget, what's putting them in this condition is the economic, you know, the economic condition of the nation right now. But the kind of fixed-cost structure that these auto companies have is massive, massive losses that have to do with what's happening to demand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning.","questions":"How would you describe the economic condition of the nation mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Condition"}
{"text":["Well, I think his biggest mistake was that he was a very strict controller of how the theory was handled by his disciples. In other words, he permitted no deviation or modification of his theory or methods, and he didn't encourage any research to empirically validate his theory. So basically, people that followed him and embraced his theory had to take it on faith.","A somewhat lesser-known figure I found fascinating to read about, Dr.  Benjamin Rush, the only doctor to sign the Declaration of Independence. I guess he's known as the father of American psychiatry. But I've got to tell you after reading about him, I wonder why a pretty good medical school is named after him.","Again, we have to understand that to view things through the lens of the 21st century, it puts things in a really - a different light. Benjamin Rush was a physician, and what he did was to really take seriously the plight of people who were mentally ill. He wasn't a psychiatrist. He was a physician. The problem is is that the knowledge was so limited at the time, they really weren't able to gain any traction in understanding the underlying basis of severe mental illnesses. And so they came up with these ideas and these treatments that now seem to be either cockamamie or cruel.","Yeah. Psychiatry over the years has been back and forth on if mental disorder - for example, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia - is inherited."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"gain any traction\" - This means to make progress or gain momentum. It is a figurative expression that refers to the difficulty of making progress in understanding severe mental illnesses due to limited knowledge at the time.","questions":"Which expression refers to the difficulty of making progress in understanding severe mental illnesses due to limited knowledge at the time?","answer":"limited"}
{"text":["Well, it's a wide hurricane. So we expect impacts on both the east coast and the west coast. But the major impacts are going to be in the Florida Keys, particularly the lower Keys - then into the Naples area and then up the coast more into the Fort Myers area and into - early in next week into the Tampa area.","What do you see over the next 24 hours?","We see that it'll make this final turn. And we'll really be able to zero in on where that core is going to go. There's still a little bit of uncertainty, but we're looking most likely that the biggest impact's along southwest Florida.","What are your biggest concerns?Mr.  DeMaria. We have, of course, this whole constellation of effects between the winds and the storm surge and the flooding."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) - This is asking for the biggest worries or concerns of Mr. DeMaria regarding the effects of the hurricane.","questions":"Which person's concerns are being addressed in turn 3?","answer":"Mr.DeMaria"}
{"text":["And you know, we still have, you know, we have horse farms. We have a couple of dairy farms left. In fact there's one dairy farm, the Ferris Acres Creamery, which people come from miles around it to have their ice cream. It's - they make it there. And you know, and we have hunters. And we have a couple of game, you know, hunting preserves around town. We still are in touch with that part of our tradition.","And does everybody's kids - do everybody's kids go to that particular elementary school?","No. We have, I believe, four elementary schools that feed into an intermediate school. So we have the Sandy Hook Elementary School. We have Hawley School, Middle Gate School, and the Head O'Meadow School. And my children went to the Head O'Meadow School, where I actually was in the graduating class when it first - when we first built that building in 1977. I still remember, I think, we buried some \"Star Wars\" paraphernalia in the front yard.","A time capsule."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The town has farms and preserves as part of its tradition.","questions":"Which town has horse farms and dairy farms?","answer":"Town"}
{"text":["So having become an overnight success after what 35, 40 years of writing poetry, you've also gotten opportunities. Tell us a little bit about \"At War With Ourselves. \"","Oh, my goodness. Well. . .",". . . I was sitting in my car one day, and I got a phone call from the University of Maryland. And they were - they are one of the four schools that has been chosen to celebrate the sesquicentennial end of the Civil War. And the call - the caller told me that they had already commissioned the Kronos Quartet to be a part of this celebration and that they also wanted to invite the amazing musician Terence Blanchard and Nikky Finney to be a part of whatever we were going to create to honor the end of the Civil War, and would I be interested in joining this band of beautiful musicians.","And I forgot that the windows were rolled up in the car and I, you know, the temperature went from - I don't know - 90 to 130. And I just raised my hand to the opportunity."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The success came quickly with one book after writing for many years.","questions":"What is the name of the musical group that was commissioned by the University of Maryland for the sesquicentennial end of the Civil War?","answer":"Kronos"}
{"text":["Thanks so much for having me on.","Can you tell me a little bit about Nebraska's land and what it means to its residents, the farmers?","Yeah. So Nebraska is in many ways a typical Great Plains state. Because the Missouri River cuts through along the eastern edge of the state, that's where all of the population originally settled. And so you have major industrial centers in south Sioux City and in Omaha. And then you have the capital educational center of Lincoln. But when you travel west of Lincoln, there's almost no one there. The small farming communities have gotten smaller and smaller in the last 50 years. And you can drive for hours essentially seeing only flatlands that are planted to corn and to soybeans and occasionally dotted with hog barns and feedlots for cattle.","Speaking to that disappearing landscape, I'd like you to read a page from your book, page 69.","(Reading) To understand, first remember - Nebraska is a place. It sits square as an anvil in the center of our maps. And yet somehow, everyone manages to forget it exists. Maybe that's because Nebraska is also a land of ghosts, of small towns dwindling to the point where in another generation they might simply cease to exist.","Why are they disappearing?Where are they going?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Nebraska is often overlooked or disregarded by people, despite its significance and potential.","questions":"How is Nebraska perceived by many people?","answer":"Disregarded"}
{"text":["Yeah. Yeah, I was. I got given \"The Hobbit\" to read on the set of \"About A Boy,\" actually - by the directors, the Weitz brothers. So I read that then and really loved it, obviously. It's a magical world to disappear into. And then I was a fan of the films. They came out when - I think I was about 13, 14.","Exact age when this is the good stuff to be reading and watching.","Oh, I was prime, yeah, for that.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : I was prime, meaning I was the ideal age to appreciate and enjoy the book.","questions":"What was the book that the directors gave to \"A\" to read on the set of \"About PersonA Boy\"?","answer":"The"}
{"text":["So along the way, you met a lot of interesting characters. And I want to particularly talk about a sommelier named Morgan Harris. He plays a big role. He's kind of like your wine shepherd. Tell us a little bit about him.","Ah, my wine fairy godmother. I mean, he's just amazing. He was my - he was really my mentor. He had this magnetic passion for wine. I mean, the first time I met him, I basically sat through a 2. 5-hour monologue that was an ode to everything from the great Rieslings of the early 20th century to the $1,200 bottle of champagne he thought would be a religious experience.","So this is a question - because he is this sort of wine evangelist if you will, he believes wines can recontextualize people's places in the universe. First of all, what does that mean?","And second of all - I mean, do you think that wine really has the power that he says it does?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Ah, my wine fairy godmother.\" Here, the speaker is using the metaphorical term \"wine fairy godmother\" to describe Morgan Harris's significant influence and guidance in the speaker's journey with wine. The literal meaning of \"fairy godmother\" is a mythical character who grants wishes and provides guidance and support.","questions":"How does the speaker describe Morgan Harris's influence on their wine journey?","answer":"Amazing"}
{"text":["We wanted to learn more about all this, so we've called on Daniel Fessler. He is a professor of anthropology at UCLA, and he is the inaugural director of the Bedari Kindness Institute. And he's with us now. Professor Fessler, thank you so much for talking to us.","Well, thank you for your interest. I'm happy to be here.","I was just looking at your bio, and you say in your own bio - your own university bio that when your colleagues talk about your work, they politely call it eclectic. And I took that to mean that your work is hard to categorize. So I just wanted to ask, you know, how - what is your work, and how does it translate into this task of creating this kindness institute?","So it is indeed eclectic, broad-ranging, you might say. I'm an evolutionary anthropologist. And, in particular, I work on understanding contemporary human behavior, contemporary human health and how the mind works in the contemporary world in light of our species' long history of evolution. And in terms of kindness, an important feature of our species is that we are perhaps the most cooperative animal on the planet. So in no other species do you see cooperation between large numbers of unrelated individuals, or even, in many species, tolerance of large numbers of unrelated individuals."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : His work is odd and seen as very different from what people normally do and\/or expect.","questions":"Which word describes how Fessler's work is perceived?","answer":"Odd"}
{"text":["He was all those things. I. . .","Did his brother's death, in a sense, liberate him to seek a new identity, to travel, to get to know and reflect the world?","I think that shook him deep to his soul. But I think the other thing that happened was his father's stroke. He had to get his father off his back. Joe Kennedy Sr.  was a formidable but, I think, menacing figure in his life who took a sweet, young seventh born who he had called a runt and encouraged him to become tough and ruthless - first a jock at Harvard, getting his letter with a broken leg, and then becoming this enforcer for his brother.","That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid. As a kid, he was - he hung around all the time with African-American kids. Those were his playmates, even in Hyannis. He was - he, you know, Father Feeney - when Father Feeney said no salvation outside the Catholic Church, he railed against that, which was so extraordinary in that very Catholic family."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid.  The literal meaning would indicate that the person gained the attention and respect of their father by being tough, and when their father became incapacitated, they reverted to their childhood behavior. However, the implied meaning suggests that the person's father only recognized and valued them when they displayed strength and resilience, and when their father's condition changed, they reverted to their true self, which may have included aspects of vulnerability or a different set of values.","questions":"Which trait did Bobby's father value in him?","answer":"Strength"}
{"text":["So, you know, so I think that all those things have - there's just been a confluence of just, you know, just a cynicism, I think.","So, will Michael Phelps be the person who emerges as the American with the greatest number of gold medals and, you know, sort of the Mark Spitz of the new millennium?","Well, you know, they were kind of hyping that last time, too. And don't be surprised. You might think that, from our standpoint - our meaning the United States and marketing - people would love to say, well, who's the American who's going to kind of put us on the marketing tip?And I think that that's part of the problem, too, Tony, is that we're focus - we want Michael Phelps to win because there's marketing, where - you've got a lot of Chinese swimmers, man, who are just waiting to ambush Phelps. So, on paper, it looks kind of good, but who knows?Allyson Felix may be the American who emerges as sort of the star and the salvation of our hopes over there.","Well, the race with Tyson Gay and - God, I'm kind of blocking on the name of the other runner who's the fastest man in the world at the moment - that ought to be pretty interesting."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The US wants Michael Phelps to win because of marketing but he might not be the best, and Allyson Felix could emerge as the star.","questions":"What athlete could potentially emerge as the star instead of Michael Phelps?","answer":"AllysonFelix"}
{"text":["Does an event like this and forecast like that have the effect of concentrating the mind of not just financial planners. . .",". . . but people in Congress making these decisions. And I hear a little laugh.","You would think it would. And in the past, it has. I mean, as they gotten closer to the deadline, enough fear spread that they could pass something or do something or kick the can or whatever. But this time, one of the things that makes this time feel different is that there really are a lot of House Republicans who say, ah, let it default. It'll just shrink the government, will be all good. And it is an act of - I don't even know how to describe it. It's insanity.","Yeah. Well, Austan Goolsbee, I believe, used that word. Quick last question, if we could. So, October 17th is a real deadline but you think some of the effects, potentially, will be down the road."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The phrase \"down the road\" is a figurative expression meaning at some point in the future.","questions":"How is the phrase \"down the road\" used in the dialogue?","answer":"Future"}
{"text":["Well, I think every writer hopes to bring information to a reader or a viewer. Every artist wants to reach another person through the heart. Something that a novel can do is bring you information in a different way from journalism or all other forms of acquiring information. It brings you inside the mind of another person. So it creates empathy for the theoretical stranger, and that's - it's a fresh avenue, really, for bringing science to a reader, to get to the head via the heart.","Do you have science - we have 30 seconds left. But will we see science in your next book?","Absolutely.","Well, I look forward to it. Thank you for joining us today."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : thank you for joining us means thank you for being here","questions":"Which turn implies that the conversation is about the guest's upcoming book?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["One of the things that we're looking at is how multicultural Houston is and how many different types of communities live here. Have you seen that change over time?","Yeah, it's become more diverse - more ethnic restaurants coming in onto the scene, more Vietnamese restaurants, more Arabic restaurants, more Japanese restaurants, more Chinese restaurants. Besides that, there has been a great influx of Indian and Pakistani population. So yes, things have changed. One thing hasn't changed. I still don't like sloppy Joes.","(Laughter).","You know.","I hear that you're thinking of retiring."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They mention more diverse as in different cuisines as the narrator points out. ","questions":"What type of restaurants have become more common in Houston?","answer":"Ethnic."}
{"text":["So, right then, your life changed. You quit your job. You made plans to leave your family for a year and go to China.","Well, yeah. My weight had gotten so out of control that I wasn't even working at that time, unable to work.","So, when you got there seven months ago, how much did you weigh?","I weighed approximately 646 pounds."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The turn \"your life changed\" in (1) is an idiomatic expression that means a significant event or series of events that dramatically altered the course of one's life. Its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning, which would be that the person's life physically changed.","questions":"What is the actual meaning of the turn \"your life changed\" in turn 0?","answer":"Significant"}
{"text":["Sure.","Because there are already a number of candidates who think. . .","(Laughter).",". . . Who are from the West. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Chinese government wanted to control the narrative portrayed by the foreign journalists.","questions":"How did the Chinese government want to control foreign journalists?","answer":"Narrative"}
{"text":["Yeah. It's interesting. In Japan, it's the same prime minister that was in place six years ago, but the political environment, I think, has shifted in some dramatic ways. And so I think one of the interesting aspects of the Japanese situation is that the LDP has returned to power. The Liberal Democratic Party has returned to power. But now they have a party that is to the right of them.","And so we talk about those two states. And, of course, the other major player, the biggest in the region, China, where Xi Jinping took command just last month, formally.","That's right. I think we're still waiting to see how China's foreign policy priorities are really going to develop under Xi. The process seems to be moving slowly, and it's not necessarily terribly transparent at this point. We know there are new top leaders in the room, but it's just not clear exactly how they're making decisions or whether they're going to change much in terms of China's overall priorities.","And transparency's a problem in Beijing. It's positively - well, murky is too easy a word for what's going on in Pyongyang."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The political environment in Japan has shifted significantly despite the same prime minister being in power for six years.","questions":"What has returned to power in Japan?","answer":"LDP"}
{"text":["Yes, the mother of Norway. Yeah, that was - she was scheduled to be at this camp basically from breakfast through dinner. And there was a photographer, a newspaper photographer named Sara Johannessen who had been sent to document this, to hang out with Gro for the day. Breivik had planned to kidnap her. Expecting her to be there all day, he had planned to kidnap her and videotape himself beheading her. Now - he says this now. Whether or not that's true, it's - who can really say. But Gro was supposed to be there.","The only reason she wasn't is it was a terribly, terribly rainy day. The island was muddy and sloppy, and she decided to leave early. And Sara, who had been shooting some landscapes - I mean, it's beautiful, beautiful country there - Sara almost missed it. She didn't know that Gro was leaving. And she had to sprint down the hill to catch the ferry, which turned out to be the last ferry off the island that day. And then Sara got back. When she left Utoya, she drove back to Oslo and was parking her car when the bomb went off a block away.","And she immediately went to work from a light feature on the former prime minister to documenting one of the worst incidents in Norwegian history.","Exactly. I mean, she just sprinted right towards - she sprinted towards the blast and just - yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"from a light feature on the former prime minister\" - the literal meaning is a small, lighthearted article about a former prime minister. The actual meaning is a news feature on a tragic event.","questions":"Which article did Sara almost miss shooting?","answer":"Light"}
{"text":["Well, we've had a number of things at home, and the one work, when I go through our front door, what I love is Jeff Koon's Bunny. It's polished stainless steel made to look like a blown up balloon bunny. That makes me smile.","You've set out this challenge for MOCA. You've said, here, I'll help you with this money, but you've got to make some changes. What advice would you give to the rest of this country - other failing business out there right now?","I think everyone has to recognize that we're in a different era. It means budgets have to be cut. We've got to have contingency plans, and we're got to ride it out. But I must say, this is the worst situation since the Great Depression, without any doubt in my mind.","Is there a silver lining in this?Have you seen any difference in prices - prices dropping?Has that helped you maybe acquire things that you wanted to acquire."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A silver lining means, something that is good that comes out of something that is not good","questions":"Which phrase describes a positive aspect that can come from a negative situation?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Well, I think some tariffs do. I think this is a misguided policy. It was not thought out well. Of course, it helps the big steel companies, but it's going to affect all the downstream manufacturing jobs. You know, we're asking for help for them to grant our exclusions that we filed. And it can be approved by President Trump just by signing the exclusion, and that's what we're asking him to do.","Mr.  Pratt, will the people who lost their jobs at Mid Continent be able to find jobs elsewhere?","It will be tough in our area. I mean, it's an area of 17,000 people. We're the second-largest employer in the area, employing over 500 at one time. And it will be tough for them to find other jobs.","In the 2016 election, Donald Trump got 80 percent of the vote in Poplar Bluff and in surrounding counties. Has local support for President Trump changed because of what is happening to your company?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The jobs are with companies that use the steel that is made for their products.","questions":"How are the downstream manufacturing jobs affected by the tariffs?","answer":"Negatively"}
{"text":["Bummer.","Yeah, it is.","David Roth is the founder of the independent sports website The Classical. Thanks so much for talking with us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In turn (1), \"Bummer\" is often used as an expression of disappointment or sympathy. Therefore, it implies a meaning beyond its literal meaning of \"something that is unpleasant or disappointing.\"","questions":"What is the implied meaning of \"Bummer\" in turn (0)?","answer":"N\/A"}
{"text":["Could you cite a single example of bias?","Sure. Andrew Weissman, the No. 2 member of the Mueller probe, attended the Hillary Clinton election night party. You would think with all the talented prosecutors to be asked throughout the federal system, we could likely assemble a team without having to pick the people who were engaged in the 2016 election to the extent that they would be at one of the candidates' election night parties.","Well, I mean - A, I don't know that; B, so he attended a party - I mean, public officials, like reporters - for example, I think in many ways, like representatives in Congress, who are supposed to be capable of independent and unbiased judgment when it comes to doing their jobs.","But members of Congress don't end up prosecuting people. And, you know, when you're dealing with a prosecution and potentially, you know, here, with the president the United States being investigated, I would think that you would want to avoid even the appearance of bias. And here, the bias seems to be significant. It's also laid out in the text messages between Peter Strzok and Lisa Page."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning is that bias should be avoided when dealing with a prosecution, and that the text messages between Strzok and Page demonstrate bias.","questions":"How does the bias affect the investigation? (Answer: significant)","answer":"Significant"}
{"text":["And finally, I was going to ask you about that - this - are there other steps that Mexico is trying to take or would like to take to stop this flow of migrants through their country?","Well, the actual border between Guatemala and Mexico is an obvious place if they want to stop people coming through that they could block access. And having more agents down here, whether they're national guard or someone else, I mean, would certainly result in more detentions of migrants. Really, the question right now and the thing that I'm seeing is that the local immigration detention center here is at more than double capacity right now.","So there is definitely a question - if Mexico really does step up the number of migrants it stops here, does it have the resources to take care of them?And then, for those who need protection - those fleeing persecution - do they have the ability and the willingness to protect those people?","That is reporter James Frederick on the Mexican side of the Guatemala-Mexico border. He's actually about 30 miles north of the border at the moment."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Blocking access to the border between Guatemala and Mexico would be an effective way to stop migrants from coming through.","questions":"What is the suggested location for blocking access to stop migrant flow?","answer":"Border"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News & Notes. How much are you willing to spend on a bottle of fine wine?Thirty dollars?Maybe 60?How about more?And how do we know what makes a wine premium?There are nearly 6,000 wineries in the U. S.  African-Americans own fewer than a dozen. Stephen Sterling is one of those owners, and he's on a quest to educate African-Americans about the pleasures of fine wine.","Stephen is a co-owner of the family owned Esterlina Vineyards and Winery and Everett Ridge Vineyards and Winery. He's also the president of the Association of African-American Vintners. Welcome, Stephen.","Welcome. Thank you for having the African-American Vintners as part of your show today.","Well, give us some examples of some of the fancier places that your wine has been served."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is asking how much someone is willing to spend on wine but also questioning how people determine what makes a wine premium. African Americans own very few wineries in the US and the guest is working to educate them about fine wine.","questions":"How many wineries do African Americans own in the U.S.?","answer":"Fewer"}
{"text":["Hi. And I suppose I should say congratulations.","Yes, thank you. It's exciting.","Exciting, as you say, but what was different this time?- because the Green Party has been around for a while in Germany.","Well, on the surface, the topic of climate change and the demonstration of young people - the so-called Fridays for Future, where students skipped their classes and went demonstrating, demanding that the politicians start listening to them in terms of climate policies - this got traction among their parents, among their grandparents."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The topic of climate change and the Fridays for Future movement mobilized a wider demographic.","questions":"Which demographic?","answer":"Wider"}
{"text":["From what we can tell, they've donated from - I think it was over a hundred countries in terms of geography. It just sort of struck a nerve across the world.","Why do you think that is?","I think a big part of it was that Tesla as a man is sort of someone that a lot of people, maybe, sympathized with because he's kind of a geek at heart. He's sort of this unsung hero, and he did all of these wonderful things for us and didn't really get much credit during his career. So with this sort of crowd funding campaign, it was almost an opportunity for the world to make it up to him.","What drew you to getting involved?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Tesla is an underappreciated hero and people sympathize with him through the crowdfunding campaign","questions":"Which campaign?","answer":"Crowdfunding"}
{"text":["I don't know many, but I know they exist - the person that doesn't really want fiction. They want nonfiction. They want something smart to read. I'm thinking more along the lines of, like, Ron Chernow's \"Hamilton\" that everybody became obsessed with, that read like fiction but was actually the book that's going to impress people that you read this summer.","That's right. There's literally a picture of Lin-Manuel Miranda on the beach reading that, but it's an old. . .","(Laughter).","In any case, yes. So there's a wonderful book that I think actually kind of brings together a lot of our - of our genres. And it's called \"Murder By The Book. \"It's by Claire Harman. And it's about a murder in Victorian London in which a minor aristocrat is murdered by his valet. Now, it actually does sound like fiction, right?It's nonfiction. But what's so wonderful about it is this guy's defense was that he had read a popular novel, and the book made me do it, which is kind of a wonderful thing if you think about what fiction can do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Not \"everybody\" was obsessed with Chernow's book. This is an exaggeration, but is meant to convey that the book was popular.","questions":"How did PersonA describe the popularity of \"Hamilton\"?","answer":"Exaggeration"}
{"text":["I, Karen Bass. . .","In May, Bass was sworn in as the first black female speaker of California's Assembly. That post has been called the second most powerful in the state behind the governor.","I recently asked Speaker Bass how she's dealing with her rise in profile and her new level of responsibility.","I felt definitely overwhelmed. But, you know, since May, or really since the election in February, I've just had a tremendous amount of support and welcome and good will. So I'm very excited about serving in the role.","You are someone who has certain interests that particularly are important to you. Foster care is one of them. Tell me about foster care."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Speaker Bass's post is the second most powerful position in California, behind the governor.","questions":"How is Speaker Bass's position in California's Assembly described?","answer":"Second"}
{"text":["It was like a brick carriage house. Inside, there was just one room on the first floor and one room on the second floor, so it was an intimate house for a non-intimate family.","Her deep craving for intimacy would lead her to music. And it turns out the things Ani DiFranco wanted to say were exactly what a generation of women coming of age in the '90s wanted to hear.","(Singing) Squint your eyes and look closer. I'm not between you and your ambition. I am a poster girl with no poster. I am 32 flavors and then some.","Ani DiFranco talks about those early years in her new memoir. It's called \"No Walls And The Recurring Dream. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The house was small for the family living in it, despite having multiple floors.","questions":"Which floor had only one room in the house described in turn 0?","answer":"Second"}
{"text":["Well, it's a wide hurricane. So we expect impacts on both the east coast and the west coast. But the major impacts are going to be in the Florida Keys, particularly the lower Keys - then into the Naples area and then up the coast more into the Fort Myers area and into - early in next week into the Tampa area.","What do you see over the next 24 hours?","We see that it'll make this final turn. And we'll really be able to zero in on where that core is going to go. There's still a little bit of uncertainty, but we're looking most likely that the biggest impact's along southwest Florida.","What are your biggest concerns?Mr.  DeMaria. We have, of course, this whole constellation of effects between the winds and the storm surge and the flooding."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - This is asking for a prediction for the events that will occur in the next 24 hours. ","questions":"What area is most likely to be impacted by the hurricane according to the expert?","answer":"Florida"}
{"text":["Oh, there are lots of modern blunders but not all of them are brilliant.","To be brilliant, it has to be truly an epic blunder, is what you're saying.","Well, it has to be something that in one way or another leads to a real breakthrough. You know, this is how I define, you know, a brilliant blunder and not just something that is a big mistake. I mean there are lots of huge mistakes.","While I was writing this book, when people would ask me what is your book about, I said, you know, it's about brilliant blunders and it's not an autobiography."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : To be brilliant it has to be an extremely large blunder.","questions":"What does the blunder have to be in order to be considered brilliant?","answer":"Large"}
{"text":["My parents are actually still in Khartoum. We're lucky that they are among the few whose mobile phones still work. There's been a widespread outrage. It just sounds incredibly scary that the city is in a state of paralysis. Activist groups have called for a general strike, and people seem to be sticking to it. Roads are closed off.","And what makes this particularly terrifying is it's not even really the armed forces that people are clashing with. It's a specific paramilitary segment that was regularized as part of the armed forces but used to be an out-of-control militia in Darfur - the Janjaweed militias, the Rapid Support Forces. And that's what's scaring people is that this isn't even a regular force that's taken control of the town.","This means the military is fracturing?I mean, we should say all this happened after protesters demanded the ouster of President Omar al-Bashir. And military there is now in charge of Sudan, but what you are describing is that there is no cohesive military either. Right?","Absolutely. The military as a token is in charge. The head of the military council is a general. But the second in command is head of these forces, the Rapid Support Forces. And everyone I've spoken to on the ground says those are the people that are on the streets. All the videos that we've been sent by eyewitnesses, from the citizens show that it was Rapid Support Force guards that charged the sit-in. And it's incredibly chilling because this is a militia that was accused of war crimes in Darfur. And to have them control the ground in the capital of Sudan is very scary for people right now."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The paramilitary forces are in control and people are scared","questions":"How are the people feeling about the situation in Khartoum?","answer":"Scared"}
{"text":["Being a congressional Democrat from Alabama has been a lonely occupation. Representative Terri Sewell, from the district that includes Selma and parts of Birmingham and Montgomery, was the only Democrat in the state's congressional delegation until this week, when Doug Jones defeated Roy Moore for the U. S.  Senate. Representative Sewell joins us from her district. Representative Sewell, thanks so much for being with us.","Well, thank you so much for having me.","Doug Jones thanked you specifically for helping bring African-American voters to the polls. Do you want to take a victory lap and tell us how you did it?","(Laughter) Well, listen. This was an amazing victory for Alabama. It was a victory, I think, for decency - common decency. And it shows that Alabama was willing to put principle over party. I was very excited that my district overperformed. And I was particularly excited about the African-American turnout. You know, I think that people understood that the stakes were high. This administration has had a negative effect on our community. It's reversing a lot of the Obama-era progress that we've made. And I'm just very pleased that people showed up and showed out."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : : The implied meaning of this turn is that Representative Sewell should explain how she encouraged African-American voters to come out and vote for Doug Jones.","questions":"What did Doug Jones specifically thank Representative Sewell for in the victory?","answer":"African-American"}
{"text":["Well, thanks so much for having me, Alex.","So, how do you and the retired general, James Jones, know each other?","My gosh, I think - I can't even remember when I first met him. It's been so long ago. I'm sure I met him when he was head of the legislative liaison over the Senate. But I really became acquainted with him when he became a brigadier general, and, of course, I followed his career. Of course, he served very ably as a commadant in the marine corps and then as the European commander, just been with him from time to time. And I just consider him a very good friend.","And what kind of a man is he?How would you describe him as a person?","A man of extreme integrity, high ability, good judgment, even temper, just admired him so through the years, and I just can't say enough good things about him. He is just an excellent choice, and he will give good advice to the president."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A has a high opinion of James Jones' character and career.","questions":"What is PersonA's relationship with James Jones?","answer":"Friend"}
{"text":["(Laughter) I have no idea. I know that the pope - his five most famous words may be - who am I to judge?- which is about gay people. And I know that he has gay friends. You know, one of the people that he met with during his papal visit in the United States was a gay friend and his partner. So he's open to what he calls a culture of encounter and accompaniment. He's certainly in favor of listening to people and meeting them where they are. And so on that page, you know, we agree.","You suggest in a couple of sections of the book that there must be priests who are LGBT, but they are faithful to their vows of chastity.","Yeah, I know them. And, you know, by saying that a priest is gay, it doesn't mean that he's breaking his promise of celibacy or his vow of chastity or, you know, lesbian nuns. And one of the challenges for the church is to recognize these people and to see them as the gifts that they are as all LGBT people are to the church. They are gifts, beloved children of God who bring certain gifts and certain talents to our church, to the community.","Father James Martin - his book, \"Building A Bridge: How The Catholic Church And The LGBT Community Can Enter Into A Relationship Of Respect, Compassion, And Sensitivity\" - thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : advocating for the recognition of these individuals within the church and emphasizing that their sexual orientation should not diminish their inherent value and contributions as beloved children of God.","questions":"How does Father James Martin view LGBT individuals in the church?","answer":"Value"}
{"text":["I want to talk a little bit about the words that are used to describe wine. You know, normally we hear things like dry, oaky, buttery - I kind of understand what those mean. But sommeliers have a much more creative way of describing tasting notes that you might not hear in a restaurant.","Well, you get everything from the more straightforward fruits and vegetables. So it could be pomegranate, raspberry, blackberry, apple, pear, lemon. They can also range to the far more imaginative. There were times where I was sitting in a tasting group and I thought that I was hearing someone read from a Wiccan book of love spells.","(Laughter).","Burnt hair, desiccated strawberry, armpit, you know (laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  where the speaker uses words that are not typically associated with wine tasting, such as \"burnt hair,\" \"desiccated strawberry,\" and \"armpit,\" to describe the taste of wine. The implied meaning is that sommeliers use highly imaginative and unconventional ways to describe the taste of wine, which may not be easily understandable to the average person.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the taste of wine?","answer":"Unconventional"}
{"text":["Well, that's how your muscles grow. And in this case, what we found was with the exercise, after very strenuous exercise of 20 minutes, we found a disappearance of the chemical tags from the DNA. And what this means is that it allowed other proteins' transcription factors to access the DNA, and this could instruct the cell to make specialized proteins that could support growth and metabolism.","Wow. Does it also explain why you lose your muscle tone if you don't exercise?","Well, we actually - we didn't study that.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of turn (4) is that the speaker is acknowledging what was said but may not have a specific response or further comment. It implies a lack of elaboration or engagement in the conversation.","questions":"Which turn of the dialogue implies a lack of elaboration or engagement in the conversation?","answer":"3"}
{"text":["Give us some specifics on what African traditional medicine might incorporate into your practice.","At the heart of traditional African medicine is God and the ancestors, OK?So now, you have many Africans that want to take advantage of traditional medicine, but they don't want to acknowledge the roots. So the roots, as I'm saying, is understand your relationship with ancestors in terms of ancestors being a part of the community. The use of divination - on the surface, I mean, we've seen different things, maybe on TV or someone is throwing bones or caraway shells and then makes a pronouncement.","But divination is creating a space where you have objects that have a metaphorical representation with respect to elements of a person's life. Divination is something that takes training. And as of all cultures, of course, there's herbal medicine and understanding of diet. But the fundamental premise with African culture is linking everything back, with God and the ancestors being at the central core.","We did an interview with someone who is a spiritual leader in one of the many traditional African spiritual practices. And what you're talking about sounds, in many ways, more like spirituality than medicine. Do you see yourself practicing both, or how, I mean. . . ?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Many Africans want to use traditional medicine but ignore its roots","questions":"Which aspect of traditional African medicine do people tend to ignore?","answer":"Ancestors"}
{"text":[". . . they did great animation in this. And I can't imagine having the patience to move these little dots around.","No. It's a. . .","It's coffee granules, I think.",". . . a great visualization. And I should say that we have another video that done in the same animation style. It's part of the series. It's an experiment people can do at home. So. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The electronic animation is as tiny as coffee granules.","questions":"What are the animation made of?","answer":"coffee"}
{"text":["I mean, there have been some high-profile examples recently of sort of ethically questionable journalism, you know, maybe at best. Do you think that - and this is sort of tangential, but do you think that that, the definition of plagiarism needs to be updated for the Web?","I mean, given that I started this thing, you mentioned the curator's code, I think about that a lot. I think plagiarism is kind of a harsh word that comes from the publishing world, you know, kind of a legacy term. And there are many layers to it. It's a little bit of a grab bag.","But online, one of the things that I think about a lot, which I think is a form of sort of neo-plagiarism as this idea of OK, you know, we live at a time where there's almost infinite information, and it takes time to find the meaningful and to separate it from the meaningless, and that's effort, and that's sort of creative labor.","And when someone does that, and let's say - you know, for example, one of my favorite sites, Open Culture, run by Dan Colman out of Stanford, he finds amazing archival stuff. You know, and he spends time in the archives looking for it. And then it gets sort of reported on, say, Huffington Post or Business Insider, just sort of regurgitated."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"neo-plagiarism\", which refers to a new form of plagiarism that arises from the abundance of information available online; \"creative labor\", which refers to the effort and skill required to find and curate valuable information.","questions":"What is the term used to describe the new form of plagiarism that arises from the abundance of information available online?","answer":"Neo-plagiarism"}
{"text":["My father believed the world was divided between those who were mentally and physically strong and those who were weak and lazy. For this, I had to undergo a physical and psychological training.","Can you tell us about those nights in the cellar?","From the age of 6, I had to spend one night a month in the basement meditating on death. I sat on a stool, alone, in the dark, surrounded by rats. And I had a cardigan with small bells on it. I wasn't allowed to let the bells tinkle, as it meant that I was moving. It was one of his exercises.","There are just too many instances of abuse and cruelty to recount - I mean, the way he didn't turn on the heat, the way he made you bathe in his dirty water. He said he gave you his energy that way or something."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : His views of the world were oppressive and unfair, requiring certain people to be subjected to physical and mental hardships.","questions":"How were individuals categorized according to the father's beliefs?","answer":"Strong,Weak"}
{"text":["So alphabetically, Jeb Bush, Ben Carson, Hillary Clinton, Martin O'Malley, Bernie Sanders, who'd you like?","You know, I liked the fact that they all came. The important thing for the Urban League was that each of these five candidates accepted our invitation, came, and I think offered a serious perspective from their own point of view. They came in here. They talked about race. They talked about economics. They talked about the criminal justice system. They talked about cities. These issues don't get discussed on the main stage in many, many political debates and discussions. And so why we wanted them here, so they could talk about equality, talk about opportunity, develop those ideas in a way that will not, and - or, I should say, historically has not happened in this campaign up until this point.","Mr.  Morial, another unarmed black man was killed by an officer in Cincinnati. I wonder if you have some ideas you want to bring to our attention about how to try to repair a shattered relationship between black citizens and police.","It's an American tragedy of untold proportions, particularly as we've seen it play out in the last two years. Our ten-point justice plan recommended that body cameras and dash cameras be mandatory for all law enforcement all the way across the country. But we also believe that more must be done when it comes to police officer hiring, police officer training, and police officer accountability. The community wants to and must trust its police if they're going to be allies is in what we all want, and that is safer communities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"repair a shattered relationship between black citizens and police\" - This phrase is not meant to be taken literally as if the relationship between black citizens and police was physically broken into pieces. Rather, it means that the trust and understanding between these groups have been severely damaged and need to be restored through specific actions and policies.","questions":"Which phrase is not meant to be taken literally?","answer":"Shattered"}
{"text":["Fiscal Armageddon, Democrats helping the Bush administration, Republicans bulking. These are historic times indeed. We actually verified this by calling Clyde Wilcox, professor of Government at Georgetown University. I asked if he had ever seen anything quite like this.","Yeah. During the Regan administration, it would often be the case, that House Republicans in particular would not go along with some of Reagan's proposals. And so he would manage to get to get support by winning majority of Democrats and a few Republicans.","But one of the things that when really complicated financial legislation like this happens, often times it takes Congress a little while to deliberate and put together coalitions. And the high pressure to get this done very, very quickly is not usually a sign of Congress doing it's best. When Congress gets a bill passed really, really fast there's almost always significant things they need to go back and change later.","You mentioned the similarities to the Reagan administration, it seems like one key difference here is that so much of this is happening so close to an election."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Fiscal Armageddon\" implies the severity of the financial crisis.","questions":"How does \"Fiscal Armageddon\" describe the financial crisis?","answer":"Crisis"}
{"text":["It looks like a stationary bike.","And in your video - it's our Video Pick of the Week, which you have called the best laboratory in the world?","It was enamored with this lab. I'm just going to be honest. I thought it was the coolest lab.","Coolest lab in the world."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B: \"And in your video - it's our Video Pick of the Week, which you have called the best laboratory in the world?\" In this turn, the phrase \"best laboratory in the world\" is likely being used metaphorically to describe the quality or significance of the subject being discussed in the video, rather than referring to an actual physical laboratory.","questions":"What phrase is being used metaphorically in PersonB's turn?","answer":"Metaphorically"}
{"text":["I do. I hope I give them - my songs give them a reason to wake up, you know, and think about what is going on in the world. And hopefully they resonate with the audience, the people who are hearing them. I've always hoped from the time we started singing the freedom songs that our songs - was singing them to make a difference. You know, make a better place. Help somebody instead of hurting somebody. You know, so much we could do to make it better.","Well, it's such a delight to speak with you again. I am so excited that I get the chance to talk with you about this new album. You know I'm going to put you on the spot and ask you if you have a favorite.","All of these songs, Michel. I love every one. But I do love \"Heavy On My Mind. \"","(Singing) We did everything we could to slow this world down. Now my love is in the ground."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : wake up implies for the persons to come back to their normal senses and not to dull or be fulled anymore ","questions":"What does the song \"Heavy On My Mind\" seem to be about?","answer":"Love"}
{"text":["How do you think people view the people that you grew up with now?","Well, I think - especially when we're talking about Appalachia, I think it's the same stereotypes we've been dealing with forever. I got off a plane in Arizona, and the person who was driving me said, you know, what do people where you come from think of your books?And before I could answer, she said, or can they read?","Oh.","And I looked at her, and I was kind of angered by that. But at the same time, I don't think she meant it that way. But I said, you know, of course we can read. And we even got shoes, you know. I think, in a lot of ways, we're dealing with the same stereotypes we've dealt with forever."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Well, I think - especially when we're talking about Appalachia, I think it's the same stereotypes we've been dealing with forever.\" Implication: The speaker believes that people from Appalachia are often subject to negative stereotypes that persist over time.","questions":"Which region is the speaker referring to?","answer":"Appalachia"}
{"text":["Now, the economies in Africa, let's say, in the Caribbean are different, are they not, from either the U. S. , Europe, or Asia?And I'm thinking, for example, of the $1 million notes being printed up willy-nilly in Zimbabwe. How has the global downturn affected them?","Well, just on Zimbabwe for a minute. Zimbabwe has a whole host of problems that are really quite unrelated to the credit crunch and the financial crisis. These are big problems that have been in the making for a long, long time because of an economy that's been run into the ground.","But more generally, Africa and Latin America are being hurt, but it doesn't seem quite as bad for example, as those in Eastern Europe, their debt levels are not as high. While they're hurting some because of the big fall in commodity prices - I mean, we've seen for example the first negative growth in South Africa since 1998. But I don't think these are as hard hit because the financial exposure in this part of the world is not as great as let's say it is in the U. S.  certainly, in Europe, and parts of emerging Europe.","Is that what is allowing some countries to be - I hesitate to use the word financially successful at the moment, but allowing them to compete in a way that they had not been able to before?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Money is being printed irresponsibly in Zimbabwe and the person wonder's how the lowering economy of the world affects them.","questions":"What country is the turn 0 referring to?","answer":"Zimbabwe"}
{"text":["Nice to talk to you, Audie.","So to start, back in 2013, what intention of this legislation - allowing migrant workers to drive legally - what was the need you thought you were meeting?","There are about 1,500 undocumented people, mostly Mexicans, working on Vermont dairy farms. And they are, basically, supporting our dairy industry. And the need was that so many of them were living in the shadows of the barns - really literally. They did not have transportation. They relied on volunteers or their employers to get them to medical appointments or shopping and all sorts of things. And a group called Migrant Justice started working on the issue and started talking to lawmakers. So it was a very sort of innocent kind of idea that, you know, we can be a state that can accept that these people are here supporting our economy, and we want to be able to provide for them in some way.","Now, fast forward many years, and the Vermont DMV has many records - right?- of people in the country illegally; people who have gotten these driver's licenses. So what was your reaction when you learned about the cooperation between ICE and the Vermont DMV?","Well, I feel terrible that we facilitated this law and now it's putting people in jeopardy. And that was not the intent of law at all. And so it's very, very distressing to hear what's been going on. As you probably know, in 2017, the state officially ended this policy. But in the meantime, there have been other sharing of information by DMV, maybe not at the top levels, with ICE officials."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implies to not being in support and feeling unfavorable about the result. ","questions":"What was PersonA's emotional response to the cooperation between ICE and the Vermont DMV?","answer":"Distressed"}
{"text":["What is - let's start with this. What is your personal collection to the work and the images in this book?","Well, to me this was a labor of love. I've been living in the U. S. I came back to England. It's my homeland. I came back to London, my home city, and I felt that the culture of the young black people in particular here were suffering from a kind of deficit, historically speaking.","There were younger people in my neighborhood who were bereft of history, who took their idea of themselves from watching their kind of generic hip-hop video material that they got from the video screen rather than really inquiring into the particular history and experience of our communities in this country.","As I looked at the book, I was trying to find a theme, and I don't know if I found one or not. What was, in your view, the major trends or themes that you saw unfolding over the century that are depicted in these photographs?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"bereft of history\" is a figurative expression meaning \"lacking a sense of connection to one's cultural or historical roots\"","questions":"Which expression in the dialogue means \"lacking a sense of connection to one's cultural or historical roots\"?","answer":"Connection"}
{"text":["There are probably two or three important things. One is I think it gives you an insight into the company and what they do with the data they gather. Now, Facebook say they don't sell data, but they certainly make money out of it. And I think one of the things that concerned us was whether some of the developers that work with Facebook get preferential access to data depending on how valuable that relationship is. I think there was something else, which is potentially an antitrust issue, which is the dominant position Facebook has I think allows it to pick winners on its platform. There are big questions about the way in which they use their power. The final thing I think which is I think particularly significant is are users giving informed consent when they give data to Facebook?","Mr.  Collins, why should anyone be worried about that?Is it just what you would expect a business to do, maximize the information it has and reward the most promising relationships?","I think we all understand with these sorts of social media tools they're free to use, but in some ways, you're giving your data to the company. The company makes money out of that by selling advertising. But the question is are we giving up far more data than we realize?And then what happens to that data when the company has it?And I think it's right that we have some say and some protection over how it's used.","Do you feel Facebook has been honest with you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Users should have more control over their data","questions":"Which aspect of data usage does Mr. Collins believe users should have more control over?","answer":"Data"}
{"text":["You know, we don't do a lot of cookbooks on this show. Hugh Acheson's latest cookbook fits right in. It doesn't show much cooking. The chef is shown reading in a lawn chair, taking a hot bath, even playing the cello - at least holding the bow over one.","It's a book about what you can cook - if that's quite the word - while you do something else, even for hours. \"The Chef And The Slow Cooker\" is by Hugh Acheson, the acclaimed Canadian Southern chef who owns big-name restaurants in Georgia and is a judge on \"Top Chef. \"He joins us from WABE in Atlanta.","Chef, thanks so much for being with us.","It's great to be here, Scott."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : You know, we don't do a lot of cookbooks on this show. Implicated meaning: Cookbooks are not a common topic or focus on this show. The show doesn't prioritize or feature cookbooks frequently.","questions":"How does the chef feature in \"The Chef And The Slow Cooker\"?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["After he infected you?","Yeah, yeah.","So, let me get this straight. He infected you. You went back to him, and then he didn't want to be associated with you because other people knew about you?","Right. And he was scared his own status would be revealed. They would, you know, he was scared people would think, oh, she got it from him, and things like that.","What was it that you think made you go back to him when many other people would say I'm so angry I want to smack this guy up the head, or worse?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : THERE WAS QUARREL BETWEEN TWO AND ONE GOT INFECTED BY OTHER","questions":"Which person got infected?","answer":"one"}
{"text":["It's a love letter to my mother. I love my mother very, very much. She gave me everything. She was a wonderful mother. She gave me the most magnificent childhood in Edinburgh, and she had no pattern for that. She was suffering so much as a child. She was kept very closeted. Nobody ever told her anything of love. She was very, very solitary, lonely and unhappy child. And yet she invented herself and became this wonderful mother to me.","And at the same time, I felt that her version of events, which was utter doom and terrible villainy, couldn't necessarily be completely true because everybody's version of their story is slightly different.","Of course.","And so I wanted to turn it and turn it like a kaleidoscope to see whether I could see what these people's motives really were. And was it so terrible?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning is that the speaker questions the accuracy of their mother's version of events. The implied meaning is that people have different perspectives and interpretations of events, and that the speaker wants to understand the motives behind their mother's actions.","questions":"How did the speaker feel about their mother's version of events?","answer":"Question"}
{"text":["But you came over so young.","Yeah. I came over when I was really young. So obviously, you know, growing up in the British environment, I've absorbed a lot of their culture. You know, because it's just a natural thing. You kind of - you hang out with, you know, the local, you know, people from the U. K.  or whatever. So naturally you're going to pick up a lot of their habits and their ways, but you know, first and foremost, I always see myself as, you know, African.","And I know - well my parents never let me forget that anyway, you know, because we do - we had all the kind of culture, and just general kind of grounding, you know, installed in us at a very young age. So I've always kind of carried that with me anyway as I've progressed in life. But I always look at it as, you know, an advantage really, because I've had the privilege of experiencing, you know, my African culture in life, and, you know, I've had the opportunity of experiencing being British, and, you know, growing up in the U. K.  And now I'm, you know, experiencing kind of some of the flavors of the U. S. So I always look at it like, you know, it's a positive thing.","All right, Hilary, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Being exposed to different cultures is an advantage.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue describes the PersonA's African background?","answer":"African"}
{"text":["I mean, imagine you go into the polls believing that migrants, refugees in general, receive much more sort of support than our pensioners and that migrants are violent and rape women and that climate change isn't real. Like, if you actually believe all those things because you have been lied to, I believe that clearly shifts your, at least, voting intention - maybe even stay home 'cause you lost trust in democracy or nearly is altogether. And that is a real threat. It's not just, oh, on the day before the elections, there's a fake news about your voting station. That's not what we're seeing.","What we're seeing is, like, long-term disinformation campaigns with the aim to drive us apart, to deceive us. And as a democracy, we need to stand up and, right now, say, now we vote even more because we believe that democracy's our strength, and we will not be manipulated by this type of behavior.","Christoph Schott, thank you.","Thank you very much. There was a joy."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Believing false information can impact voting decisions and democracy.","questions":"How can false information affect democracy and voting?","answer":"Manipulate"}
{"text":["And to tell you the truth, I still feel so very, very sorry for that little girl, you know, for her utter helplessness. And that has made me really empathize with children and with situations where human beings become like children in terms of becoming utterly helpless. If anything good came out of that incident, was realizing that you need to empathize with these situations, and you need as much as it is in your power to try and prevent such things happening, not just child molestation, but being put in a position where you have no choice.","I mean, it's interesting that your previous book was ostensibly about the book \"Lolita. \"","Yeah, you're right.","Well, I'm just wondering, I mean, do you see yourself personally in Lolita?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is suggesting that the topic of child molestation in A's previous book might be related to A's personal experiences, given the similarities to the themes in Lolita","questions":"What is PersonB questioning about PersonA's personal experiences in relation to child molestation and themes in Lolita?","answer":"personal"}
{"text":["And then we have a Congress who just passed a bill knowing full well that this was the most likely outcome, and they chose not to even try to stop it. But now that the bill has passed, the shutdown has been prevented, the government has been funded, the president can come out and say he's going to do this now. And you have people saying that we're shredding the Constitution, that this is the end of the world, that we need to act, that we need to stop something.","Well, the time to act was before you pass a bill to give the president money to fund the government. The time to act - if you want to force a vote on this, if you want to force Republicans in the Senate to go on record if you're a House Democrat, for instance, then you put language in the bill saying the president can't use national emergency powers to build a wall.","You mean senators - well, we could list their names - Susan Collins.","Right. I mean, don't vote for a bill that is going to make something that you think is really damaging to our country, to the Republic, more likely to occur. Just don't do it, No. 1. No. 2, actually go out and try to put things in the bill to prevent the thing that you think is so damaging to our republic from happening."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Not taking action to prevent something harmful from happening is wrong.","questions":"What was the reason behind PersonA's advice to not vote for a bill?","answer":"Prevent"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah, for sure. I definitely had it going last night.","And where do you hope to take it next?","Well, I think the rest of the season here, I'm going to be a marked man. I think I'm going to face a little bit more double-team. It's going to be. . .","I was going to ask you, are you going to get a double team on Sunday, yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is worried that he will face more difficulties in the upcoming games.","questions":"Which team might give PersonA a double team on Sunday?","answer":"Sunday"}
{"text":["We recommend - we have a lot of recommendations. We think they're very practical. It can be done. Some of them are internal in the government themselves. There are internal changes Congress needs to make so that it can be more effective in this, and other commissions have recommended them. Now, let's do it. Let's get it done.","We want the life science community to work with the government about how to self-regulate. In other words, what kind of protocols can we use so that we can keep track of high containment labs better. And then, we say we need to emphasize Pakistan. Now, it's funny that this report is coming out now because we saw in the course of this that Pakistan is an epicenter for all of these risks that we're talking about.","Jim Talent, former senator from Missouri, thank you.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Let's get the job done by implementing the internal changes recommended by Congress and other commissions. (Line 1)","questions":"How do we ensure effectiveness in government commissions?","answer":"Internal"}
{"text":["How does the government even know that they might have overpaid?","Well, they have records going back that say, you know, you were eligible for X amount per month. And then maybe somebody in the family went back to work and got more in the way of earnings than they would have had to be eligible for those benefits. And so there was this debt sitting there on the account over all these years. But in many of these cases, the government can't even say who exactly incurred the debt. It might have been a surviving spouse. It might have been surviving children. All they know is that the debt is on the books. And apparently their regulations allow them to go after almost anyone in the surviving family without regard to whether they were the ones who got the benefits in the first place.","And they have no recourse?","Well, there's an appeals process, and you can seek a waiver. The folks I've spoken to, for the most part, when they call or visit Social Security, they're told, yeah, you can go through the waiver process, but you're not likely to win. The Social Security Administration tells me that about 10 percent do win their case, but that's 90 percent who don't. And of that 90 percent, some of them, it's just, you know, a few hundred dollars maybe, and they figure it's not worth the battle. In other cases, it's some thousands of dollars, and they really need the money. But very few lawyers will touch these cases because they are relatively small amounts of money involved."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"you know\" is used as a filler phrase and does not add any literal meaning to the sentence","questions":"What word is used as a filler phrase in turn 1?","answer":"You-know"}
{"text":["So crack down on the doctors, but make sure there's a support system ready for their patients.","Absolutely. And the thing is - and this is so beautiful - is that when you get to watch lives change. For myself, you know, I used to get up every single morning thinking, you know, where am I going to get my pills?And that occupied my entire day. Now, keep in mind, I was a practicing physician. So I had some other things to do. And that's what people who are, you know, who are addicted are facing every single day.","And now, you know, providing them with quality help and watching them change their lives is one of the most fun things that I've ever been involved with. We need to make that opportunity more widespread. We need to decrease the stigma around stepping out and ask for help. And also, Sacha, we need to make evidence-based treatment available without the stigma that goes along with it.","That's Dr.  Steven Loyd. He's based in Nashville, Tenn. Thanks for talking with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"So crack down on the doctors, but make sure there's a support system ready for their patients.\"  The implied meaning of this turn is that while it is necessary to hold doctors accountable for any role they may have played in fueling addiction, it is equally important to ensure that patients receive the necessary support to cope with the aftermath of addiction.","questions":"Which city is Dr. Steven Loyd based in?","answer":"Nashville"}
{"text":["Oh, yeah. Everyone - everybody is family, and the tribe itself is very into, like, community dinners and community events and just kind of making sure that everybody is involved with stuff, so it was like one big, huge family.","(Singing) And I wake up. I love you, screaming loudly, screaming softly, too.","Katherine Paul now lives in Portland, Ore. , and she just released her second album as Black Belt Eagle Scout. It's called \"At The Party With My Brown Friends,\" and she told me that a lot of the music on the album has its origins in the music she heard on the reservation.","I guess I was just always surrounded by it. My family had a drum group called The Skagit Valley Singers, and we would host powwows. And I think for me, music is just a way of life. It's how we express ourselves. It's how we express our spirituality and how we live our culture."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Everyone in the tribe is very close-knit and treats each other like family.","questions":"How does the tribe treat each other?","answer":"Close-knit"}
{"text":["It's the most remarkable story of evil coming out of Russia that I've seen in a long time. And what it shows is that they're not just messing with the election in the United States or doping in the Olympics. But they've got their tentacles into just about everything everywhere. This is one story that shows that.","I have to ask you, Mr.  Browder, there are plenty of people - and we hear from them - who are skeptical about Russia being seen at the center of so many allegations. And they say the U. S.  and the West are just crawling back into a destructive Cold War mentality. How do you answer that?","Well, I mean, Russia was responsible for shooting down MH17. Russia was responsible for invading Ukraine. Russia is responsible for taking away the chemical weapons in Syria that they didn't take away. Russia was responsible for having honest athletes in the Olympics when they did the whole doping program. I mean, Russia is the one who is making the trouble. Russia is really a sort of a nonentity when it comes to - the economy is the size of the state of New York. Their military budget is 5 percent of the U. S.  military budget. We shouldn't even be thinking about Russia other than the fact that they're sort of putting their nose into every bit of terrible activity all over the world.","Quick question - but it's important to get along, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Russia is involved in various malicious activities worldwide beyond just the U.S. elections and doping in the Olympics.","questions":"Which country's actions does PersonA attribute to shooting down MH17, invading Ukraine, taking away chemical weapons in Syria, and dishonest athletes in the Olympics?","answer":"Russia"}
{"text":["Her fencing tutor, when she is 13, makes her his mistress. Julie says he gave everything I desired and quite a few things I hadn't known existed. Oh, my word.","(Laughter) He was her father's boss. And he was one of the great nobleman of France at the time, a very, very powerful man. And all of a sudden, she was the very young mistress and was moved into Paris so that he could keep her separate from his wife, but she wanted more. And so very quickly she got bored and she ran off with her fencing master.","Yeah. There's a lot of fencing in this book. As soon as I say that, I realize metaphorical but also actual fencing in this book.","Well, I used to fence as a kid. It's one of the reasons I know about her. I fenced all through school and college, but I have to say that I'd - when I'm writing the fencing scenes, I do jump out of my chair and grab a foil - I've still got my old swords - and I act out the scenes for myself just to make sure that they make sense."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Yeah. There's a lot of fencing in this book. As soon as I say that, I realize metaphorical but also actual fencing in this book.  The implied meaning here is that the phrase \"metaphorical but also actual fencing\" suggests that fencing is not only a physical activity portrayed in the book but also serves as a metaphorical representation of conflict or rivalry between characters. It implies that fencing is used symbolically within the book's narrative.","questions":"How is fencing portrayed in the book?","answer":"Conflict"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me.","What new details did we learn with this filing?","So the new filing focuses on five extramarital affairs that Duncan Hunter had when he was in Congress, the first one starting just four months after he was elected and took office in April 2009. So he took office in January.","The longest feature in the filing is about an individual identified as Individual 14, who was a lobbyist. And they spent campaign money on things like a ski trip together, a thousand-dollar hotel tab. They went to concerts together. And they also went on a double date with another congressperson to Virginia Beach, but that congressperson has not been identified."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Duncan Hunter spent campaign money on personal expenses","questions":"Which politician's name hasn't been revealed in the double date mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Unidentified"}
{"text":["Is Colin Kaepernick, in your judgment, unsigned because of his politics or his performance as a quarterback?","I don't think we can say if it's one or the other. I think what troubled me was that I saw so many people who wouldn't necessarily know the difference between an end zone fade and icing in hockey say automatically without parsing through the situation of his play at all that it has to be racial. And it could be racial. But it's also the type of thing that you could see someone with his skill set at this point in his career trajectory both being in the league and not being in the league.","Can you explain to us why a general manager or coach wouldn't, just in football terms, necessarily snap at the opportunity to sign Colin Kaepernick?","I think you have to ask yourself, can this player, in this case a quarterback, can he help us win?And how do you win in the league right now?It is not 40 years ago when you can win 17 to 10. You have to rack up the offense. And what Kaepernick basically does - his skill set, the best part of it - is he does not throw many interceptions. He had four last year against 16 touchdown passes. That's a really good ratio."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"I saw so many people who wouldn't necessarily know the difference between an end zone fade and icing in hockey say automatically without parsing through the situation of his play at all that it has to be racial.\"  The actual meaning implied in this statement is that many people who lack knowledge about football and its technicalities automatically assume that Colin Kaepernick's situation is racially motivated, without analyzing the specifics of his performance.","questions":"What is the reason behind people's assumption about Colin Kaepernick's situation?","answer":"Racial"}
{"text":["It doesn't want to concede to American pressure because it fears that if it concedes under pressure, that's going to project weakness and invite even more pressure. And so for that reason, you've seen, rather than Iran capitulating or compromising, they've begun escalating. But I think the endgame for both sides is - there's really no alternative to coming back to the negotiating table.","And there has been a string of headlines from the region involving Iran in recent weeks. This incident with the British tanker, of course, comes right after the U. S.  says it brought down an Iranian drone. Of course, Iran disputes that version of events. How connected are these events?","They're all interconnected. And essentially, the Trump administration's policy toward Iran has been to subject Iran to significant economic pressure and sanctions in the hopes that either Iran will come to the negotiating table and capitulate over its nuclear program or - I think there's some folks in the Trump administration, like national security adviser John Bolton, who would like to see the implosion of the Iranian regime.","And what Iran has done in response - Iran's supreme leader has been ruling for 30 years, and he's become pretty adept at these escalatory cycles. And he's adept at waving both the white flag of diplomacy and the black flag of radicalism and escalation. So on one hand, he sent his chief diplomat - Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif - he was recently in New York City, and he met with a lot of Western journalists. And he was talking about Iran wanting to pursue dialogue and diplomacy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is no actual endgame - this is hyperbole talking about how the situation might end up ","questions":"What is the reason for Iran's escalation?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Fungus Blues - I love it.","Fungus Blues.","And they fell in love. And, you know, my dad, he was trying to find another way of living other than the one that he was in.","(Singing) Hustle was your middle name when you were a young man.","What was it about his current way of living at the time that was dissatisfying?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This statement implies that the best time to hustle is at a younger age","questions":"How does turn 3 relate to the question PersonB asks in turn 4?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["Well, just along those lines, we read reports that temperatures in the contiguous 48 states have been above average in each of the last 15 months, which has never happened for as long as people have been keeping records, and that 2012 is on track to be the warmest year ever. As we read about this record Arctic ice melt, is this a coincidence?","Well, it's all part and parcel of the same thing, but I will say that January through August of this year has been the warmest period - January through August period since 1895 when they started taking temperature records. That's in the contiguous lower 48. Alaska has actually had a fairly average year, so everything doesn't march in lockstep. But again, the situation with the ice and the Arctic is this has been accumulating over decades of warming up there, and we're finally seeing the results of that.","So this one summer was not at all a key up there. In fact, what was interesting to one of the scientists I talked to, he said, basically, you know, what was astounding about this was that there was no astounding weather pattern up there that explained this dramatic difference. It was just kind of reaching this point of where the ice was just so thin that it was just ready to crumble.","Ice is white. It reflects light. The sea is blue. It does not reflect light. It absorbs it, and thereby, the heat that comes with it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There has been a long-term warming trend resulting in the Arctic ice melt.","questions":"How has the Arctic ice melt been caused?","answer":"Warming"}
{"text":["So, number one, the Web site made a drastic change and a tremendous shift. It opened up transparency. It put a lot of ways for individuals to feel that they could be more empowered to have better access or a direct access, almost like an open Internet door to the administration. Number two, they looked to hire a chief technology officer for the administration, which has been done. They've actually checked that off of their list and that has never been a position within the White House to that level before.","And then, number three, I would say actually the stimulus package, you know, coming through with $7. 2 billion being placed specifically for broadband access in rural areas. Those are three key things - oh, and the fourth thing would be, actually redoing - re-upgrading rather the systems within the White House. Internet connectivity was extremely - is extremely slow there. Outdated computers, viruses, just issues with just the infrastructure of technology that was there left by the previous administration.","You know, that was going to be my next question because I understood as the new administration staff took their offices in the White House, what they found were computers that were - I suppose outdated and very slow and. . .","Yeah.","Not nearly as technologically advance that you would expect from the White House."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The new administration has made efforts to increase transparency and accessibility through their website.2. The new administration has made technological advancements in the White House infrastructure and staff.","questions":"What is the second key thing the new administration has done for the White House?","answer":"Chief"}
{"text":["Well, actually, we - there's three records on the chart, the chart of this year. Within the top of 30, you have Flo Rida, and then there - a couple of other songs that were charting this year were Alicia Keys and one by Timbaland with \"One Republic. \"","So, you know, in the - if you look at the top ten, one thing I'm happy about in terms of grading on the curve, if you look at the top ten, every decade that this chart has touched, is represented here. We have one from the 50s, and we also have the '60s, '70s, '80s, and '90s, and this decade represented.","But yeah, there's ample representation of recent hits here. One from this decade in the top 10 being by Mariah Carey, \"We Belong Together. \"","All right, what is changing about the music game with digital distribution?Does it affect how people buy singles, and what might be on the top 100 in the next 50 years?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is referring to the top 30 songs on the chart, not just three.","questions":"What is the number of records on the chart that the speaker is referring to in turn 0?","answer":"Three"}
{"text":["Good to be here, David.","So let's return briefly to that last decision of the court on the Affordable Care Act. It was controversial, to say the least. Public opinion surveys after that decision showed how, you know - I mean, I guess it raises the question: How can the court convince the public that it really is impartial, since that case seemed to really bring it into the field of politics in so many ways?","Well, look at the John Roberts opinion. The chief justice was the deciding vote. He's a conservative guy, a Republican appointee. And in the end, he wasn't willing to strike down the entire Affordable Care Act. I think Roberts' view was, what he has said all along, was that it's my job. If there's a constitutional basis to uphold a law passed by Congress, I should do it.","He didn't think this was - could be justified as a regulation of commerce, because that would be requiring people to buy a product. But he also thought, gee, the government has very broad power to use its taxing power. And so he accepted the sort of fallback argument, which is that it could be upheld as a tax."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The conservative Chief Justice John Roberts upheld the Affordable Care Act despite his political affiliations.","questions":"What was John Roberts' political affiliation?","answer":"Republican"}
{"text":["So the parents as well as one coach have agreed to plead guilty in connection with this scheme. And according to one of the plea agreements at least, they may serve a few months in jail as well as paying fines and restitution. And Felicity Huffman, the actress, as you heard, is one of the more high-profile people accused. But others, including Lori Loughlin, another actress from the TV show \"Full House,\" is among those originally accused who is continuing to fight the charges.","What are we hearing from the parents?","Well, two of those who plead - pled guilty today issued very contrite statements. Huffman's statement reportedly said, I am in full acceptance of my guilt - deep regret and shame. And she also reiterated that her daughter had no idea.","This story has gotten so much attention, and it seems to have really resonated with students and parents. Why do you think it has had such a big impact?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Felicity Huffman has accepted her guilt in the scheme.","questions":"How did Felicity Huffman reportedly feel about her guilt in the scheme?","answer":"Regret"}
{"text":["We also heard singer-songwriter Ben Harper on that track. He wrote most of the songs on this album. He produced it. How did you two meet?Why do you think you clicked with him?","Well, Ben had written me a song for one of my other albums - \"Livin' On A High Note. \"And that song was \"Love And Trust\"","(Singing) Do what you can. Do what you must. Everybody's trying to find some love and trust. I walk the line. I walk it for us. See me out here trying to find some love and trust.","I fell so in love with that song. And every time we'd sing it, the audience - they would just roar, you know. It turned out so well. So I - we'd been singing it for a couple of years then. I ran into Ben on the road. That's where we would always meet up - somewhere on the road. And I told him. I said, Ben, that song - you have got to write me another song. He said, well, Mavis, why don't I write you 11 songs?I said, why don't you do that?He said, let's make an album. I said, sounds good to me. You know, I said, I don't know if I could handle 11 good songs from Ben Harper. He said, oh, yeah, you can handle it, Mavis."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  Ben Harper wrote a song for A in the past and that's how they first met.","questions":"How did PersonA and Ben Harper first meet?","answer":"Met"}
{"text":["Oh, no. As a matter of fact, I was delighted that I had had the opportunity to contribute to it. I had the option to volunteer for the program. I opted not to because I was very much involved in research that needed to be done. So I was - I turned down the opportunity because I felt that what we were doing was valuable for the future of our space program. As a matter of fact, the small 5-foot diameter parachute that we used to stabilize my freefall is still being used today in every ejection seat in the world. So what we did some 50 year - 55 years ago is still being used today.","What do you think about space exploration now?It struck me watching this that it's lost its human component, in a way. We send these unmanned missions into deep space, but we haven't really pushed human boundaries, I think, for quite some time.","I personally think that we should go back to the moon as soon as we can because there's a lot of lessons we need to learn before we can go to Mars, which should be the next great human adventure.","May I ask you a question?As you were standing on the precipice, you said a prayer. What was that prayer?What were you praying for?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) - Implied meaning: What thoughts or feelings were you experiencing in that moment?","questions":"Which moment is turn 3 referring to?","answer":"Takeoff"}
{"text":["Well, the Chinese leadership has continued to see dialogue first with Kim Jong Un. They've had two publicly announced meetings with him. One of them came right in advance of North Korea's announcement that it was going to pursue a satellite launch. We don't know whether that subject was discussed in China. But, you know, the indicator suggests that China is still trying to figure out if there is a way that it can influence the situation in North Korea without taking measures that would enhance instability. The Chinese priority is basically to maintain stability in North Korea.","And so it was - it's willing to prop up that terrible regime if it will prevent that regime's collapse and the horrible situation that might ensue.","I think it's certainly the case that if you're, you know, looking at why North Korea still is there in the middle of this otherwise prosperous region, the hand of China is the critical explainer for why North Korea is still able to survive.","Xi Jinping has been in power just a brief time in Beijing, but in that time, we have seen increased pressure on the Senkaku Islands. These are the disputed islands unoccupied, uninhabited islands in the East China Sea. Japan has controlled them for, what, 100 years. China claims them as well. There had been confrontations in the past where patrol boats and fishing boats had exchanged even water canon spray. But this time, a Chinese patrol craft flew over the islands, and that's a different situation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker implies that propping up the North Korean regime may lead to negative consequences in the long term, despite short-term stability.","questions":"Which regime?","answer":"North-Korea"}
{"text":["Do you think it was a mistake of Robert Mueller not to have subpoenaed the president to sit down for an interview?","I think, according to the report, my understanding is he realized that if he had done that, it would have added two years to this process.","And what if that happened?Do you - would you have been also against the idea of subpoenaing the president to make him testify or interview?","I don't want to second-guess Robert Mueller, but I think he probably made the right call because now at least we can get the report out; otherwise, everything would be in limbo through the next election. I think it's better to have it on the table now. And I'm hoping that my committee - I'm certainly going to urge the leadership of the intelligence committee to call Robert Mueller before our committee in an open session. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn (2) has a figurative meaning, as \"adding two years to this process\" does not necessarily mean that it would have taken two years longer to conduct the interview. It could mean that the process would have been further prolonged or complicated.","questions":"How does \"adding two years to this process\" have a figurative meaning?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Hey, how are you?","I am great. So, first of all we keep using the phrase G8. What is the G8?","The Group of Eight, which was for many years the Group of Seven, are the eight largest economies on the planet. So, the United States, Britain, France, Italy, Japan, and Russia are, for example, G8 countries.","So, when people from these nations meet, and talk about an African agenda, what do they bring to the table, and what's on the table this time around?","Well, I'll try not to give you a cynical answer, but basically the Group of Eight meet to discuss the world's economy, for the most part that's what they're supposed to be talking about. But over the last number of years there's been greater attention to the question of Africa, and issues of economic development. And there's been a lot of pressure on the Group of Eight, to come forward with financial assistance, changes in the relationship - economic relationships, in order to promote development. And so, once again that came to the table this time in addition to sort of a review of what the G8 has accomplished and not accomplished towards reducing poverty."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The G8 is a group of countries discussing the world's economy and development, not just seven or eight countries","questions":"How many countries are included in the G8?","answer":"SIX"}
{"text":["That's a great question. Things are definitely improving in the eurozone. It is unfortunately too early to say that they're out of the woods or even completely out of their recession.","I gather that most of the growth appears to be centered in Germany and to a lesser degree France. And is this then just a case of work with the best economies to begin with getting a little bit better?","Well, Germany has been the better of the European economies, since they're getting a little bit better. France has struggled. Portugal had some good numbers last quarter. That's encouraging. But you're right, we are still deeply worried about other places, such as Italy, Spain and, of course, Greece.","Well, that brings up the question because unemployment still continues to be perniciously high in Spain and Greece. Does this improvement somehow filter through to them?","Well, it certainly will - should if it continues, but you need faster growth rates than this. The hope is that this is the beginning of a faster recovery. But the way the European economy is, roughly speaking, you need more than 1 percent per year annualized growth rate in order to reduce unemployment. Unemployment's very high. We want to be seeing on an annualized basis 2 percent, perhaps even 3 percent in this recovery phase in order to feel that they've really turned the corner.","You need greater growth to be able to spur greater hiring and to lower the unemployment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The current improvement in the eurozone is not enough to solve its problems, and more growth is needed to reduce unemployment.","questions":"How is the current improvement in the eurozone related to unemployment?","answer":"Unemployment"}
{"text":["Human smugglers prey on the desperation of people who flee war and oppression. Human traffickers have made millions moving people across borders, without regard to safety. Thousands of people have died, locked in packed trucks or trapped in sinking ships. Remember the so-called ghost ships, crowded with Syrian refugees, set on a course to crash into the Italian coast.","Italian prosecutors are trying to track and arrest smugglers, arguing that organized criminal gangs who run these smuggling rings are mobsters and ought to be prosecuted like the Mafia. Using survivor testimony and wiretaps, six alleged traffickers are now on trial in connection with a shipwreck in which more than 300 asylum-seekers drowned. Gery Ferrara is part of an elite prosecution team in Italy, and he joins us from Palermo. Thanks very much for being with us.","Thank you for inviting me.","How do you trace these smuggling networks because I'm - I would guess they take some pains to disguise themselves?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Italian officials are attempting to punish traffickers harshly, similar to how they would treat members of organized crime syndicates.","questions":"How are Italian prosecutors treating traffickers?","answer":"Wiretaps"}
{"text":["And yeah. Like I said, the video can be used for good. And that's why I think the premise of body camera footage is good. But where problems emerge is when government officials and police officials push back against making that footage public because that's the whole reason. The reason is to bring transparency to police interactions. And if government officials push against that, it goes against the entire premise.","One of the very interesting points that you make in your book is that the federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades. I mean, you highlight a report that was commissioned by President Johnson, President Lyndon Johnson in 1967 in response to the Watts riots. And you said that it proposes really not so much an emphasis on technology but an emphasis on relationships, on communication and teaching police officers how to communicate better with the public, how to - it's more of like a - I don't know what word to use. Would you say humanistic approach?And. . .","Absolutely. That's a great word for it.","And that you say that there's - these kinds of - these techniques have never really been implemented because they were deemed to be too expensive. But you also point out that technology is expensive. The police departments spend a huge amount on these technologies that you say don't work. So what - my question to you is, why do you think these techniques have not gotten more traction?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual implicit meaning of the turn \"absolutely\" is agreement and affirmation.","questions":"How did PersonA respond to PersonB's statement about the emphasis on relationships and communication in improving police-community relations?","answer":"Agreement"}
{"text":["Well, look, I like the fact that we've eliminated pre-existing conditions. I think that's really important. But Ronald Reagan expanded Medicaid a number of times and he didn't need Obamacare, OK?And my feeling about Medicaid is we've been able to manage this program. And by bringing Ohio money back to Ohio to treat the mentally ill, the drug addicted and the working poor, it's not - we're not only ahead on an arithmetic basis, but we think it's the right issue in terms of giving people a chance and an ability to be lifted.","Biographical question - did you ever consider becoming a priest?","Well, when I was a kid, really early in my life, you know, all Catholic altar boys I think at one time or another thought about being a priest. But then that just wasn't in the cards for me.","But I gather religion is an important factor in your life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  Is religion a major influence in your life?","questions":"What issue does PersonA think is important regarding Medicaid?","answer":"Working"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. A skyscraper overlooking the Sydney Harbor was named best tall building from Asia and Australia. Why?Why was this tall building a standout?","Well, this, again, is a very beautiful tower, but that is innovating in that a large part of the building is naturally ventilated. And we lost our way with tall buildings in architecture generally maybe 60, 70 years ago when we had the freedom to disconnect them from their environment by creating enclosed, mechanically ventilated boxes.","So this is a, you know, a 60-story tower in Sydney which uses the wind, the ventilation, to naturally ventilate a huge atrium, which runs the full height of the building. Quite innovative.","You say that 95 percent of the tall buildings in the world are terribly designed."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"lost our way\" is a figurative expression that means to have made a mistake or taken the wrong approach in a certain area. It does not refer to physical location or direction.","questions":"What does \"lost our way\" mean?","answer":"Mistake"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me with you.","So, let's start with what exactly they are.","Okay. Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors. They're growth of muscle within the uterine wall. And sometimes they can be the size of a dime, and because of their location, they give you severe symptoms. And rarely, they can get to be the size of a basketball before they're recognized.","That's sounds pretty horrific.","It can be. It's amazing how much difficulty they can give to women that, in general, women can have severe menstrual bleeding - the kind of bleeding that keeps you home from work or keeps you from being able to do your daily activities - or they can press on a lot body structures. And they are very common, and it's surprising that so few women know that they have fibroids and that their symptoms may be related to them.","Now, research shows that about 25 percent of women in America are going to show some symptoms of fibroids, but they occur a lot more often in black women than white women. How much more often and why do scientists think that is?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : It can be. It's amazing how much difficulty they can give to women that, in general, women can have severe menstrual bleeding - the kind of bleeding that keeps you home from work or keeps you from being able to do your daily activities - or they can press on a lot body structures. And they are very common, and it's surprising that so few women know that they have fibroids and that their symptoms may be related to them. Implicated meaning: Providing additional information about the severity of symptoms associated with fibroids and expressing surprise about the lack of awareness among women about their condition.","questions":"Which gender commonly suffers from severe menstrual bleeding due to fibroids?","answer":"women"}
{"text":["NPR's Sylvia Poggioli says the showdown speaks to deeper tensions between populists and liberals, tensions we've seen playing out across Europe. And Sylvia joins me now from Rome. Hey, there.","Hi, there.","So tell us exactly what has unfolded here. This all began back on June 12.","That's right. That's when the captain of the NGO ship Sea-Watch, 31-year-old Carola Rackete, and her crew rescued 53 migrants off the coast of Libya. They decided to head for the closest safe port, which is the Italian island of Lampedusa. But Italy's populist Interior Minister Matteo Salvini has introduced a controversial security decree that bans NGO migrant ships from entering Italian ports. He claims they essentially are in cahoots with human traffickers. But after two weeks on the high seas, the standoff continued.","And just to be clear, Sylvia, they were just circling in the waters out there for two weeks, trying to figure out what to do next."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They are trying to ask what happen in Europe ","questions":"How does Sylvia Poggioli's analysis connect to the situation between Sea-Watch and Italy?","answer":"cahoots"}
{"text":["Investors are ecstatic about central bankers working there. Listen to this, the German DAX Index up about 10 percent, the French CAC 40, up more than nine percent. Now, they are both measures like the Dow 30, which on Wall Street jumped 500 points in the morning.","In Britain, Prime Minister Gordon Brown put $65 billion of government money into three British banks. NPR's Rod Gifford is in London. We're going to him. Rob, hello. I think that people are saying it is this British plan, the so-called British plan that seems to be may be spurring a little bit of a recovery around the world. What is the British government doing, and what does it want in return?","Well, as you say, Alex, Gordon Brown is getting a lot of kudos from this, because he was the one who put this plan forward last week. What they're doing, as you say, is to put a lot of government money that is taxpayer's money, $65 billion worth of it, into three British banks into order to - they hope - free up the bank to bank lending, and the whole crisis of confidence that has struck British banks as it has done elsewhere.","In return - some very important conditions they want in return. Right upfront, leaders of these banks that have got into trouble must step down. Bonuses are being frozen for other executives who stay on and crucially, the demand that these banks maintain mortgage lending and small-business lending at 2007 levels, levels of last year."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The government is demanding that the banks that received the bailout maintain mortgage lending and small-business lending at the levels of last year while also requiring leaders of these banks to step down and freezing bonuses for executives who stay.","questions":"Which two financial indices experienced significant gains according to PersonB's statement?","answer":"German"}
{"text":["Yeah.","And, you know, that's OK.  We don't have to approve of every facet of an artist's life to find their work interesting or significant, but the context does change.","What does that mean for us as viewers?Does it mean that we should stop watching these movies?","Everybody has to make their own choice in that regard. But for me, I look at these things in a purely selfish way, like as a viewer, which is how much extra dramatic information is getting in the way of my enjoying this work. And am I really thinking about the work when I watch it?Or am I thinking about the person who made it and disliking them or just being upset about them in some way?And if the answer's the latter, I probably don't want to watch that anymore.","I want to look at Louis C. K. , in particular. You know, his comedy, actually, was often celebrated because it seemed to address men and their foibles. What did you think of his comedy?And what do you think now?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"the context does change\" - The literal meaning of this turn is the statement itself, indicating that the context of an artist's life affects how their work is perceived. The actual meaning is that the context of an artist's life should be taken into account when evaluating their work, even if it does not necessarily diminish its value.","questions":"Which aspect of an artist's life affects the perception of their work according to turn 1?","answer":"Context"}
{"text":["Correct.","So, when you write in your - I'm going back to this - your investment outlook essay, Americans don't really understand Wall Street. They may never understand Wall Street. And then you go on in the next sentence to say, oh, and by the way, yours truly, meaning yourself, is learning every day, discovering every day what Wall Street is. I mean, what the heck are the rules now, and if you don't know, who does?","Well, the rules are changing. The balloon was being expanded, and now, the air has been taken out of the balloon, and so the rules are changing in terms of what becomes a safe and a relatively riskless position in this rapidly de-levering world.","Do you think capitalism is fundamentally changed, and if so, how?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : You wrote that Americans don't understand Wall Street, but you don't really know what you're talking about either.","questions":"How does PersonB challenge PersonA's credibility?","answer":"Credibility"}
{"text":["Dr.  Michael Jacobson is president of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a nonprofit group that advocates for safer and healthier foods. Thanks for being with us.","Thanks for having me, Scott.","Looking back on these studies, were they just wrong?","The studies really skewed the evidence at the time. And I think it was unfortunate that these papers were published because they influenced the public discussion about the health impact of sugar.","The question that news of a study like this, I think, raises for everybody is, how do you know what information to trust?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (\"Thanks for having me, Scott.\") is a polite expression used to thank the interviewer for the invitation to appear on the show, even though the interviewer did not actually \"have\" the guest in any literal sense. ","questions":"Which expression is used by the guest to express gratitude towards the interviewer?","answer":"Thanks"}
{"text":["Hey there, Lulu.","So I saw on your Twitter feed that you had only run into half the journalists in the Western Hemisphere.","(Laughter).","What is the atmosphere there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The atmosphere is how people are feeling toward one another and treating one another.","questions":"Which word describes the overall attitude among people?","answer":"Attitude"}
{"text":["That's good. That's a start.","That's good.","But there are also very few issues that could get us at daggers drawn in the short term. You could have a misunderstanding and miscalculation in the South China Sea. Taiwan remains very concerning.","But overall, to date, there are very few areas in which the United States and China are headed toward conflict with each other. And there is great concern in both capitals that it not get there. But between that observation - that we mustn't go to war - and the growing list of complaints against each other, there is insufficient strategic thinking in both capitals."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : US and China lack sufficient strategic thinking despite their concern to avoid conflict","questions":"What is the main concern in both capitals regarding the relationship between the US and China?","answer":"Conflict"}
{"text":["Well, due to the floods, some - probably some falling of the land and some mud that has been moving into the communities might be some of the situations that we might encounter there. And probably some roads that have been damaged and we will not be able to cross easily. So we expect probably some impacting in some households of those communities. So we still have to confirm that.","And when remote communities, mountainous communities, have to contend with flooding or worry about mudslides, can that interrupt, let's say, the food supply and create medical problems, too?","Absolutely, yeah, that's one of the consequences that we might face. We have been collecting some humanitarian aid in different points of Mexico, so we are ready to distribute food or even, if needed, some medicine to those communities. But at this point, we are collecting particularly food and some cleaning - personal cleaning supplies.","Mr.  Lozano, in the 30 seconds we have left, do you think the Mexican governments involved, both provincial and federal and, for that matter, your agency, were prepared for this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - The actual meaning is to ask if the Mexican governments and the agency were ready for the floods and its aftermath.","questions":"What is turn 3 asking about?","answer":"Asking"}
{"text":["As far as race goes, you know, many of the African-American women who came forward about what Cosby did to them struggled with that, too. And in the end, they concluded, as I conclude, that he's not your typical African-American defendant. He had seven attorneys at his second trial. How many do you know that could have the income level to afford that?It's about power and privilege and wealth, and that's what allowed him to escape justice for so long.","That's Nicole Weisensee Egan. Her new book is \"Chasing Cosby: The Downfall Of America's Dad. \"We spoke with her from member station WHYY in Philadelphia.","Nicole Egan, thanks so much for talking to us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There are no turns in this dialogue whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. All the turns are straightforward and do not contain any figurative language or idiomatic expressions.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue suggests that all the turns are straightforward and do not contain any figurative language or idiomatic expressions?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["We are. . .","We are - yeah.","There's something - does that bother you or that we're experimenting on ourselves?","Oh, a little bit, I guess, you know?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"We are - yeah.\" Here, the literal meaning would be that the speaker is simply repeating what the other person said and adding an affirmation. However, the actual meaning could be interpreted as the speaker expressing uncertainty or hesitation.","questions":"What emotion could be inferred from PersonA's turn 1?","answer":"Uncertainty"}
{"text":["Awesome.","Yesterday, a South African court cleared the way for corruption and racketeering charges to be filed against presidential hopeful Jacob Zuma. A lower court dismissed the case against the African National Congress leader on a technicality last September. And claims that there was political interference by President Thabo Mbeki led President Mbeki to step down. Now, where does this ruling - this new ruling bring us, Emira?","Total chaos, Farai. Clearly, there's so much going on behind the scenes on this issue. Zuma's trial was on again, off again. Now, it's on again. Will he be put forward on corruption charges, and what will be the political implications?","Clearly, he is head of the largest political party, the African National Congress, the oldest party on the continent. But the ANC now is going through real pressures. The split between Mbeki, the ouster of Mbeki, the former president of South Africa, has now led to a split within the African National Congress."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The African National Congress is experiencing internal division and pressure after the ousting of President Mbeki.","questions":"What political party is facing internal division after the removal of President Mbeki?","answer":"Congress"}
{"text":["So there's a relationship between the velocity of the coffee and the slope that you can generate there. And although the physics are very different in the ocean, you'll establish the same relationship between a pressure gradient or that difference in height and speed of the current. So if the gulfstream slows down, the slope at a sea surface is going to decrease, and water will rise at the coastline.","And what is this due to?","The slowing of the current?Yeah, that's the big question right now. And there's a lot of debate about what will drive those kinds of changes in the climate. Obviously, temperature, you know, it all starts with wind, so how do you - yeah, what could affect the wind field?But it really comes back to the distribution of temperature in the atmosphere and. . .","Global warming?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Global warming?\" - This is a question that implies a possible explanation for the changes discussed in the conversation, but it does not necessarily mean that global warming is the only cause or that it is the direct cause of the changes being discussed.","questions":"What is the question that PersonB asks in response to PersonA's discussion on the relationship between velocity and slope?","answer":"Global"}
{"text":["And, of course, we have bioenergy here, too, and the debates about things like corn ethanol. That's another big contentious issue here in the Midwest. And one where, again, middle grounds might have to be found between groups that are in very different poles on that issue.","And what do you think is the most promising - again, the symbolic areas, those are always going to be difficult. But are there other conversations that could be had that, as you say, skirt the ideology?","Well, it's very interesting. Regardless of, you know, how you think of him politically, the Obama administration has actually done more, may be by accident - or may be on purpose - to think about, to take on climate change than all previous administrations, really, combined. Our CO2 emissions in the United States have gone down pretty dramatically in the last few years, partly because of the recession, of course, but partly because people are retooling and getting more efficient.","The American car fleet is getting lot more efficient. We finally got those CAFE standards going up again, which is fantastic, after about 30 years of going nowhere. And maybe that's a benefit of bailing out Detroit. We could work with them to make cars more efficient, the cars Americans want to buy. We've also - the fracking, moving away from coals, where it's natural gas, has helped a lot, although we have to watch the other aspects of fracking. And also, renewables are beginning to make a bigger and bigger dent in the American electricity supply and other energy supplies."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Obama administration has made efforts to combat climate change","questions":"What has contributed to the decrease in CO2 emissions in the United States?","answer":"Recession"}
{"text":["An so he went from - on Sunday on his Facebook page saying, well, I misspoke. I got the wording wrong, which is something he repeated again today.","Yeah. Well, that plus. He's gotten just increasingly - because as the pressure has mounted - and it's been fascinating to watch the responses from the congressmen, from the Republican Party, from Governor Romney and his running mate. As the public outrage on this has mounted, their apologies have become increasingly full-throated so that, as you mentioned, the congressman started out with I misspoke, like that's a little bit of a bizarre concept. Misspeak is when you accidentally picked the wrong word or say President Clinton when you meant President Obama. This was not misspeaking. As I wrote, this was mis-thinking.","And then similarly, you saw Governor Romney. His campaign several hours after this broke managed to choke out a press release comment saying that the governor and Congressman Ryan disagree with this view. And by morning, disagreement had become finding it offensive and unacceptable. So it's sort of a classic political story of how candidates follow the public polls.","And his colleagues - his would-be colleagues in the United States Senate, basically, as you said, throwing him under the bus."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : very enjoy am very nice feel very enjoy am very nice feel","questions":"What word describes the feeling of the public figures' apologies as the pressure mounted?","answer":"Offensive"}
{"text":["I'll say.","Dissection, anger, back and forth, denunciation by both major party presidential campaigns. Do you think that this cover crossed the line of propriety?","Of propriety?Perhaps. But what it - I think it did so for an urgent and good cause, which is to blow this stupid calumny about Obama away, once and for all. It travels as the subtext through all this polite conversation. I just saw some NBC report that was quoting a Newsweek poll saying 50 percent of Americans believe that Obama is or was a Muslim, or was signed - sworn in on the Koran to the Senate seat, and so on. It's madness. And I - it seems to me that showing the fevered image directly will be a possible way of looking at and dissipating that image.","I think as a result it's a fairly brave thing to do, in which the New Yorker's fulfilling its function at its best, which is to make people think and talk. And the New Yorker helped that discussion happen. And it's one of the times where I feel, hats off, New Yorker!They got it right, you know. This is not something that goes away by saying, but it's not seemly to discuss this.","But there are some people who are always going to read this un-ironically and say, well, yeah, he is a Muslim despite, you know."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The cover of the New Yorker magazine may have gone too far in terms of propriety but it served a good purpose in debunking the false claim that Obama is a Muslim.","questions":"Which magazine's cover did the statement mention?","answer":"NewYorker"}
{"text":["Thank you very much, I'm really happy to be here today.","What do you remember most about Lonesome George?","Wow, I've known George for over 30 years, and some of the interesting things working with him was just, he was a very different personality than many other tortoises, and it was always a challenge to try and figure out what the best thing to do was for George.","And among the things that we tried when I was supervising the tortoise breeding center was bringing some - a couple of females from Wolf Volcano to be in his corral. I also had a young woman from Switzerland volunteering for a couple of months, trying to do sexual stimulation with George.","And there were a lot of things we did with George, always trying to recover the Pinta population of tortoises.","But nothing worked out, huh?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : Turn 6 is a question that seeks clarification on the outcome of the speaker's efforts to recover the Pinta population, which is also a literal meaning.","questions":"Which population?","answer":"Pinta"}
{"text":["The children of Jamal Khashoggi have begun receiving compensation. Khashoggi was the journalist from Saudi Arabia who vanished last year. After initial denials, Saudi authorities now acknowledge he was killed after he walked into a Saudi Consulate in Istanbul. The newspaper that once published Khashoggi's columns, The Washington Post, now reports on apparent early moves toward paying blood money to Khashoggi's relations.","Greg Miller reported this story for The Post. Good morning, sir.","Good morning.","What have the children been paid?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Jamal Khashoggi was killed by Saudi authorities after he walked into a Saudi Consulate in Istanbul.","questions":"How was Jamal Khashoggi killed?","answer":"Killed"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. What's past is prologue is a line from Shakespeare. In politics, what's past can be a time bomb to explode or fizzle. Dr.  Ben Carson leads in some national polls, but he's now being asked about claims he's made about his past. And Jeb Bush, who's fallen into single digits, may have political problems with the new biography about his beloved father, and all just before the next Republican debate. NPR senior editor and correspondent Ron Elving joins us. Ron, thanks for being with us.","Good morning, Scott.","I would guess nobody doubts Dr.  Carson's a superb surgeon with an amazing personal story. But he's had to handle questions this week about a temper he said he once had to overcome an acclaim he's made about West Point.","You know, being the frontrunner gives you a kind of claim to scrutiny that no one else gets. And CNN was unable to corroborate Dr.  Carson's stories about his violent youth, including a stabbing incident where he says his knife blade broke off on the belt buckle of a friend. The implication is that these stories have been enhanced or exaggerated for effect to, you know, improve the story of his personal redemption. And that story also includes what he has called his full tuition scholarship to West Point, where, it turns out, he did not even apply."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that CNN was unable to verify some of the claims that Dr. Ben Carson has made about his past, including an incident where he stabbed a friend and his application and acceptance to West Point. However, the implied meaning is that Dr. Carson may have exaggerated or embellished these stories in order to make his personal redemption story more compelling. The turn (4) uses the phrase \"the implication is\" to indicate that this is not a direct accusation, but rather a suggestion or insinuation.","questions":"Which phrase is used in turn (3) to indicate that the statement is a suggestion rather than a direct accusation?","answer":"Implication"}
{"text":["That poem is called \"A Flower Song For Maidens Coming Of Age. \"It was written in 1440 before European contact in Mexico. And it's from a collection of Mayan poems - extraordinary. Tell me about why this poem resonated for you. It describes a moon ceremony.","It was such an important revelation to have come across this poem. I cried. I cried for two days - the whole week because, as you know, colonization basically eradicated all of our written documentation in the Americas. All of our traditions have been passed down through word of mouth. But to have written documentation that women have been honoring the moon and celebrating their bodies and their transitions, their milestones in this way, I really felt like my ancestors were watching over.","And you wrote in the afterword to this book that you really wanted young women to find their own way to connect with their roots. Why?","Well, I think it's important for any person, really, but young girls in particular who come from marginalized communities to find their - not only their roots but the meaning and the legacy of wisdom and power that comes from those traditions. And Celi, because she's bicultural and multiracial, she has all of these beautiful intersections happening that I really tried to play up in the novel because I wanted children that are just like Celi, who are multiracial and bicultural, to see themselves and their hybridity in all of its beauty and all of its power."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They don't have road intersections but their meanings do connect with one another.","questions":"How do the meanings of the traditions connect with one another?","answer":"meanings"}
{"text":["It's lonely. That's why, in many ways, the CIA is the world's biggest dating agency, I think. I imagine it's much like two actors that get married because they understand that universe. You know, I'm pretty sure that the agency's divorce rate is rather high.","You've written a story here with shootings and chases and champagne in suites at the Four Season. But is a lot of spy craft people just scrunched over their laptops sipping coffee?","I would say more likely there's a lot of downtime. You spend a lot of time waiting. You're waiting in a bar or in a restaurant or at a corner to make your meeting. You're doing a lot of surveillance detection routes to make sure that no one is on your tail. You can't put that in a book before the reader puts it down really quickly. However, both Sarah and I felt very strongly we wanted to make it a realistic portrait, particularly of a female operations officer in the CIA. For the most part, to my mind, they come across as how they're portrayed in popular culture is paper dolls - really props more than anything else. And I wanted a strong but realistic character.","A sidebar: have any of the revelations that there have been in recent weeks about the National Security Agency surprised or outraged you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing a desire to create a character in their book who is strong and believable, rather than simply creating a character who is physically strong. The implied meaning is that the speaker values depth and authenticity in their character portrayal, rather than creating a one-dimensional, superficial character.","questions":"Which type of character does the speaker value in their book?","answer":"Realistic"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Well, Mayor Belangia, good luck. I hope I see Oriental someday. It sounds like a lovely place.","Please do. You will fall in love with it.","And I'll bring a loaf of bread for you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is expressing well-wishes to Mayor Belangia, but may not actually intend to visit Oriental or bring bread. The statement is likely meant to be polite or humorous.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about visiting Oriental and bringing bread?","answer":"Lovely"}
{"text":["Well, I'm not sure I can say what is enough. I do know that the Census Bureau has a unique feature to its budget in that it goes up and down in a 10-year cycle. And about this time every decade, this is an issue as the ramp up begins.","So you need to spend more the closer you get to actually counting people?","Absolutely. In the 2010 census that I was involved in, at one point, there were 600,000 employees of the Census Bureau knocking on doors around the country to follow up those who didn't respond on their own.","Well, what would the risks be of a census that is not done well?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The closer it gets to the census, more money needs to be spent","questions":"What feature does the Census Bureau's budget have?","answer":"Cycle"}
{"text":["Oh, wow, it's like turning off a switch. And suddenly I was running down these trails in the dark and I didn't know where I was and I didn't know where I was going and it was getting colder. And all I could see was the distant glow of Vegas. And I was thinking, wow, I really like that city right now. I wish I were there and I didn't know how to get there.","Yeah, you obviously were able to find your way to asphalt and you were able to get back to civilization. Very nice - of course, I'm a sucker for daughter daddy stuff in the book - but you really do say that marathon running - or the training even - reminds you of the preciousness of every moment, moment after moment.","Yeah, it does. It puts you in the minute and being out there every day - bad weather, good weather, light, dark - I started this morning about nine miles ago in the dark and it was cold. And you just find yourself saying, you know, there are things in life that are important and that are worthwhile that require a little bit of sacrifice and a little bit of struggle and a little bit of suffering. It doesn't mean you shouldn't do them. And running reminds you of that all the time.","Tom Foreman - \"My Year Of Running Dangerously\" - thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  the host is wrapping up the interview and thanking the guest for being on the show. The literal meaning is simply expressing gratitude, but the implied meaning is that the interview has come to an end.","questions":"Which action did the host take at the end of the interview?","answer":"Wrapped"}
{"text":["So Leslie, what about some splurge wines?","Well, I think in this economy, splurge is a relative term. So what I like to do is tell people to think about makeovers. For example, if they are thinking about spending $100 on a bottle of great champagne, that's wonderful. You can go out and buy Dom Perignon, certainly. Dom Perignon Rose, for example, would set you back a couple hundred dollars. But think about sort of switching that out with another wine. For example, Chandon in Napa Valley is part of the same company that produces Dom Perignon from (unintelligible) in France, and they do a gorgeous wine called Etoile, and it's about $40 for a sparkling wine. So now you've splurged and gotten one of California's best sparkling wines, and it's by the same company that ultimately makes Dom Perignon. So now you've splurged but saved yourself a little Christmas money as well.","Leslie, thank you.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Splurging on expensive wines can be replaced by trying out other affordable, yet equally delicious options.","questions":"What is Leslie's suggestion for replacing expensive wine with an affordable yet delicious option?","answer":"Chandon"}
{"text":["Well, I think they're convening a panel tomorrow to discuss it once more. Declaring a public health emergency of international concern has big implications. So the closing of borders - you know, these are border towns. People - their livelihoods are dependent on being able to cross borders and do business.","Yeah.","Refugees who are fleeing armed conflict in DRC not being able to come into Uganda. So it - there are some serious implications on making that declaration, and I'm sure those will be considered.","How hopeful are you that this outbreak can be contained?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Declaring a public health emergency of international concern has big implications for border towns and people's livelihoods.","questions":"What are the implications of declaring a public health emergency of international concern for border towns and people's livelihoods?","answer":"Implications"}
{"text":["Well, I was there at the time and I didn't think that Ukraine would take off at all. The first problem was that there were no good economic thinkers at all in Ukraine. All the thinking was really done in Moscow. And the other part was political, that Ukraine came together through a coalition of Ukrainian nationalists in the West who wanted to have an independent state and the old corrupt nomenklatura who wanted to stay in power, and in effect they did.","Hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians have been camping out in downtown Kiev, calling for change, more of a turn towards the West. What do you make of the protest movement when you have this agreement?Is it the kind of thing that in the West we might see and identify with and therefore maybe exaggerate the strength?","Well, what this is, is not about trade agreement - that's the lesser part. It's about European values. It's about democracy and rule of law. Ukrainians are tired of corruption and poor governance. They want to live as in Europe.","You wrote a book in 2009, \"How Ukraine Became a Market Economy and Democracy. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"It's about European values.It's about democracy and rule of law.Ukrainians are tired of corruption and poor governance.They want to live as in Europe.\"","questions":"How do Ukrainians want to live?","answer":"As"}
{"text":["Yeah. Let's move back into the beltway for a moment. How are Republican lawmakers responding?They've got their own business to focus on right now, and this Comey story can't help.","No. In private, they are really gnashing their teeth. Some of them worry about Trump's stability. They - off the record, they'll call him prickly and emotional and undisciplined. They feel that everything he did this week is hurting their ability to focus on health care and taxes and the economy and jobs. They're worried that it's going to depress Republican candidate recruitment and help Democrats. But - this is important - publicly, they are standing with him. And only a small handful of Republicans have come out in support of a special prosecutor or a select committee to look into Russian meddling.","All right, there's no disputing that the FBI director serves at the pleasure of the president. So if this isn't a legal issue, the dismissal of Comey, then what is it?","Well, that's right. Legally, President Trump has the right to fire the FBI director for any reason or no reason at all. Whether this amounts to obstruction of justice is not clear. But there is a reason that, although there is no law requiring this, presidents have always upheld the norm of making sure that federal law enforcement is supposed to be independent. And that's why the FBI director gets a 10-year term. That's why presidents usually take care not to give even the appearance of interference in an FBI investigation, especially one relating to their own campaign."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : gnashing their teeth implies they are very unhappy about it","questions":"How do some Republican lawmakers feel about Trump's stability according to A?","answer":"worried"}
{"text":["Mr.  Kirn, why do you, in a couple of cases in this book, you refuse to consider yourself a victim, which I understand, even though you were duped, but you even call yourself a collaborator. Why?","Because the fact of the matter is, is that until he was convicted of these crimes, everyone believed him. I wanted to show the point of view of the dupe, of the fool. So, I was hard on myself. But I collaborated with him in the sense that every time he told a story that didn't make sense, I tried to make it make sense for him in my mind. Every time he lied and I felt a little twinge inside, I covered it up. And I had to answer the question why I did that.","And?","Well, Clark answered it for me. When I saw him in jail after his murder conviction, I said you're not going to admit to the murder - which he didn't, he had a story for that - but it's clear that you were a great conman and a great impostor for many years. What's the secret to fooling people, I said. And he looked at me and he said, Walter, three little words - I'm surprised you don't know - vanity, vanity, vanity."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) When Clark says \"vanity, vanity, vanity,\" he is not talking about literal vanity (i.e. excessive pride in one's appearance or abilities), but rather using it as a metaphor for the weakness of human nature that makes people susceptible to being deceived by others. Clark is implying that people are easily fooled because they are too self-absorbed and often fail to see the truth beyond their own desires and interests.","questions":"Which weakness of human nature does Clark imply when he says \"vanity, vanity, vanity\"?","answer":"Self-absorption"}
{"text":["Fort Dietrich, Maryland. What did he do there?","Yeah. This is a very secure area which is set up to do research on some of the most dangerous pathogens that are known to man, actually. They have what's called a biosafety level-four containment facility, maybe you've seen pictures of these guys in moon suits, where they deal with these, you know, highly deadly agents.","Bruce Ivins worked there, and his principal role, at least as far as I can tell from looking through the papers he's published - now, this is a very secret place, so you don't get a lot of information out of them - but his role there seems to have been to work on vaccines to protect against anthrax. In particular, he was trying to make a vaccine that would be more robust, that it might help the immune system fight off exposure to anthrax. Of course, the military is very interested in this, because they're worried about anthrax as a bioweapon.","Do we know anything more about why he originally came under suspicion?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Fort Dietrich is a high-security area for dangerous pathogen research.","questions":"Which facility did Bruce Ivins work at?","answer":"Containment"}
{"text":["The regulations and the oversight that was put in place was relatively minimal because this was going to be such a small endeavor. It was going to be a small-scale experiment for 100 schools. Well, guess what?We have 1,300 charter schools today. And we have a law that doesn't actually account for the scale of that.","That's LA Times reporter Anna Phillips. She's been investigating loopholes in California's charter school system. What she discovered is a fragmented and decentralized regulating system. In Los Angeles, Phillips encountered a case in which a wealthy Beverly Hills couple made millions of dollars by simply turning to a different school district whenever their charter schools came under scrutiny.","These charter schools had been set up as nonprofits that were publicly funded. But if you looked right kind of on the outskirts of them, the couple that had started them had essentially created a series of businesses or nonprofits that were doing business with their own schools. So for instance, this couple rented a lot of their own properties they owned. They were their own landlords.","They owned buildings that then they rented to the schools, so they were getting that income.","Exactly. And there were other ways they were getting income. The woman who ran these schools, her husband was hired on as a project manager for about $500,000 to oversee the construction of a new campus. When they wanted to bring in cafeteria meals for their students, they hired one of their own organizations. So this was public money that was coming into these schools, but the couple that ran them was financially benefiting from it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"a small-scale experiment for 100 schools\" - The literal meaning of this phrase is that the experiment was limited in scope to only 100 schools. However, the implied meaning is that the regulations and oversight were inadequate for the current scale of the charter school system, which has grown much larger than originally anticipated.","questions":"How many schools were originally intended for the small-scale experiment?","answer":"100"}
{"text":["Thank you.","Why do you think more teens are identifying as transgender or gender nonconforming?","Well, I think there's been a long history of advocacy and fighting for that visibility. And there's more media attention and celebrities coming out. That has increased visibility. And with more schools having more GSAs and clubs, it gives youth a chance to feel like they can talk about their gender exploration and live more like their authentic self.","To what extent do you see this study as a reflection of teens feeling more comfortable in diverse gender identities versus teens sort of experimenting with their identities and how they describe themselves?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A believes that media attention, celebrities, and advocacy efforts have contributed to more teens feeling comfortable in identifying as transgender or gender nonconforming.","questions":"What has contributed to more teens identifying as transgender or gender nonconforming, according to A?","answer":"Media"}
{"text":["It's an interesting question. In the case of the prairie dog system, it, of course, has a dire effect on the prairie dog population in general. And the most dependent species on those is the black-footed ferret, which is a highly endangered weasel-like animal that once was much more abundant on the plains but is now extremely rare.","They eat prairie dogs usually, and so now their food supply is being threatened.","They do, yes. They're entirely dependent on prairie dogs, mostly for food. But they also - ferrets use the prairie dog burrows as shelter, so they're highly linked to the prairie dog system. And the black-footed ferret is directed susceptible to plague itself. So it's not just a matter of losing its prey. It actually probably succumbs to the disease about as quickly as the prairie dogs do.","So what's being done now to keep this from spreading further?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : spreading further means something keeps getting worse or better, but in this context its worse.","questions":"Which direction is the spreading in the context of the dialogue?","answer":"Further"}
{"text":["No, not at all. And I've been pretty much apolitical my entire adult life. But this election is obviously quite different than previous presidential elections. So I just thought - I thought it was necessary to jump in and use my voice.","Why?","The prospects of Donald Trump being president just scare the hell out of me. And that's coming after having initially, you know, supported him and hoped that he would be 180 degrees different from what he turned out to be.","I mean, am I wrong?I seem to remember there was a time when you offered to be the running mate for either of them.","Oh, sure. Yeah, a lot of that was a little bit tongue-in-cheek. I didn't really expect that to happen. But, you know, there was a time when Donald first got into the race where I would talk to him on the phone."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"use my voice\" - This is a metaphorical expression that means to speak out and express one's opinions.","questions":"How did the speaker decide to get involved in politics?","answer":"Necessary"}
{"text":["The latest U. S.  State Department Trafficking in Persons Report names a new country among the world's worst offenders on human trafficking - China. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson criticized China for not taking, quote, \"serious steps to end its own complicity in trafficking,\" including forced laborers from North Korea that are located in China. China now joins Russia, Iran, North Korea and Syria on the bottom of that list. Secretary Tillerson also honored activists from around the world for their efforts to end human trafficking.","Sister Vanaja Jasphine was one of those aid activists to be named a 2017 Trafficking in Persons Report Hero. Sister Jasphine is the coordinator of the Kumbo Diocesan Commission for Justice and Peace in the northwest region of Cameroon, and she joins us now. Sister, thank you so much for being with us.","Thank you.","How big a problem is human trafficking in Cameroon?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : China now joins Russia, Iran, North Korea and Syria on the bottom of that list.\"  The actual meaning that is different from its literal meaning is that China has been added to the list of countries considered the worst offenders on human trafficking. The phrase \"joins...on the bottom of that list\" implies that China is now included in the group of countries at the lowest rank or with the worst performance regarding human trafficking.","questions":"How many countries are listed among the world's worst offenders on human trafficking?","answer":"5"}
{"text":["No, wow.","Well, all right. So, let's get to your best political conversation of the week.","You know, it's about John McCain. Everybody in town just watched as McCain came back, and it was very low key. And not only was it at low key; there was a sense of, you know, sadness about it. There he was; suddenly Joe Lieberman's over arguing with the Democrats and trying to get back in with the Democrats and retain his position, in terms of a leader on the Democratic side, no longer hanging around with John McCain. The right wing of the Republican Party never wanted much to do with John McCain, and so they're not rallying to him; they're not offering him any leadership position. So, John McCain is kind of out there on his own, and everybody is saying, you know, what's to come of John McCain?And the answer is, you know, John McCain will try to be his own man, but the fact is he's a man really without a country in the U. S.  Senate at this moment.","NPR news analyst Juan Williams, always a pleasure."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B is surprised or impressed by what A just said","questions":"How did PersonB react to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Surprised"}
{"text":["This may sound naive, but do you think it works?Do you think what you are doing makes a difference?","Actually, yeah. I had to say so, most of the time. A child just needs some attention, little bit of guidance, you know. And just needs to know that they are not alone in this world. You know, with all these things going on around them, despite the environment that they are living in. Just to know that somebody is there and somebody is willing to listen. And willing to, you know, say wait, you know, whatever situation you maybe in. There is - you always have a choice, you know?","Mario, thank you.","OK."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Children need attention, guidance, and someone to listen to them, despite their environment.","questions":"What do children need despite their environment?","answer":"Attention,guidance,listening"}
{"text":["From what we can tell, they've donated from - I think it was over a hundred countries in terms of geography. It just sort of struck a nerve across the world.","Why do you think that is?","I think a big part of it was that Tesla as a man is sort of someone that a lot of people, maybe, sympathized with because he's kind of a geek at heart. He's sort of this unsung hero, and he did all of these wonderful things for us and didn't really get much credit during his career. So with this sort of crowd funding campaign, it was almost an opportunity for the world to make it up to him.","What drew you to getting involved?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Many people sympathize with Tesla and want to support him.","questions":"How did people feel towards Tesla?","answer":"Sympathized"}
{"text":["(as Antoine Batiste) Because when it comes to stolen love, Antoine Batiste has always been forced to be the villain. Come on, hit me, my brothers.","That series, of course, set in post-Katrina New Orleans, Pierce's hometown, where he could not help but notice that neighborhoods that gave birth to some of America's best-known cuisine had become virtual food deserts. So now, he's helped establish Sterling Farms, a grocery store with a mission to sell fresh food at affordable prices. And Wendell Pierce joins us now from member station WWNO in New Orleans. And nice to have you back on TALK OF THE NATION.","Always good to be back. Thank you.","And a lot of celebrities will front the money to start a project, but you're immersing yourself in this. So what do you know about running grocery stores?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In this turn, the speaker is not asking for a literal explanation of Wendell Pierce's knowledge about running grocery stores. Rather, the speaker is implying that it's impressive that Pierce is not just investing money in the project but is also personally involved in running the grocery store, and is asking about his experience and qualifications for doing so.","questions":"What is the speaker really asking about Wendell Pierce's involvement in the Sterling Farms project?","answer":"Experience"}
{"text":["Oh, my goodness, the crisis keeps deepening by the day. Yesterday, some of the parties called for a vote of no confidence. The chancellor, Sebastian Kurz, was hoping that he could get rid of Interior Minister Kickl, who has also been the center of several scandals himself during the course of the 18 months that they've been in government. The other ministers of Transport, Defense and Labor said, we're going to leave, too.","So you're describing all sorts of behind-closed-doors machinations going on here. But bottom line - as Austria prepares to go to bed tonight, Chancellor Sebastian Kurz is still in charge of the government, but he doesn't have much of a government now that his coalition has fallen apart.","Exactly.","How is this playing as you are out and about interviewing people on the streets of Vienna?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The government is in a state of crisis due to political machinations behind the scenes, but Sebastian Kurz is still in power despite losing his coalition.","questions":"How is Sebastian Kurz described in turn 1?","answer":"chancellor"}
{"text":["So this prosecution brings together a lot of theories that are very sexist that would justify massive control of pregnant women on grounds that they owe a duty to their fetuses to behave in certain ways and that - and ultimately make pregnant people vulnerable to prosecution for just about any kind of conduct that can be deemed risky.","Marshae Jones is African American. What is the relevance of race in your view?","Racism is what caused the notion that using drugs during pregnancy, which is a health problem, could be turned into a crime to prosecute pregnant women and mothers. We can trace that to the so-called crack epidemic at the end of the 1980s, early 1990s. And the first women who were prosecuted were black women who smoked crack cocaine during pregnancy.","And the vast majority of women who were prosecuted among hundreds of women were black women, even though there is evidence that drug use during pregnancy is not more likely to happen in any particular racial group or economic group. And so this was clear targeting of black women, which I believe is part of a long history of devaluing black motherhood in particular and also a result of discriminatory behavior in hospitals, where hospitals were much more likely to turn in black patients for using drugs during pregnancy than white patients."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : very sexist implies being very interesting and attention demanding not in amorous or lustful way","questions":"What is the tone of the implied meaning of turn 0?","answer":"angry"}
{"text":["The bad news in this story involves the main character's family and her country of origin. She is from Haiti. Most of the characters in Danticat's new book of short stories are Haitian-American. They live in New York or Miami, but Haiti is often in their hearts and on their minds. Natural disasters and political disasters have sent many of its people fleeing to the U. S.  Danticat's book of short stories called \"Everything Inside\" reflects her experiences as an immigrant.","How did your family come to the United States?","My father first came when I was 2 years old. He came on a tourist visa, which he overstayed, and as did my mother. When I - she left when I was 4, and they were undocumented for about eight years. And during that time, we were separated. I stayed in Haiti with my aunt and uncle. And when I was 12, after they had changed their status and were - got their papers, then they were able to send for me and my brother to join them in Brooklyn, N. Y. , in 1981.","I'm sure you've had to tell this story more than once, and I'm sorry to dwell on it. But both as a parent and as a son, to think about so many years away from your parents and especially those particular years, that could not have been easy."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Danticat's book of short stories reflects the immigrant experience","questions":"Which book reflects the immigrant experience?","answer":"Danticat's"}
{"text":["The weather forecast is planning for 600 millimeters of rainfall in the coming days, which is twice as much as the quantity of rain we have seen in Beira after the first cyclone, which is really concerning because in Beira, the situation was very bad. So if the weather forecast turns out to be correct, the health and sanitation situation here will worsen, and it will be harder to access areas with food as well.","The recovery effort after Cyclone Idai was already facing a funding shortfall. Do you think relief organizations will have the resources they need to respond to another disaster?","We definitely need more support from the international community. We are expecting that our financial need will raise very quickly as we see that the situation is worsening now in the north of the country. But we are able to respond nonetheless because we already had means on the ground. We had a team that was quickly able to deploy. And we have two helicopters that just arrived today in Pemba. And we'll be able to fly as soon as tomorrow if the weather permits.","What do you think are going to be the biggest concerns in this region going forward?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There will be significant concerns in the region moving forward.","questions":"Which word describes the concerns in the region?","answer":"significant"}
{"text":["Say that you're 80. . .","OK.","What's Sommore going to be like?","I would probably be like Peg Bundy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being 80 implies being in old age and not constituting a total of 80 in quantity ","questions":"What does being 80 imply?","answer":"Old"}
{"text":["So how did this all come about, and how did you get involved?","My partner, Josh Farahzad, just about this time last year, you know, he started thinking - well, what if I launched a rocket into outer space?You know, he didn't really know what he was doing. So he started sending emails to pretty much every university rocketry team in the country. And I was doing a launch with the Princeton University Rocketry Club. He saw our livestream, and he had reached out. I guess after that, I spent thousands of hours just working with Josh one-on-one and leading this very, very tremendous team.","And as the team grew to - what?- I guess about 40 people, you're communicating with one another via a Slack channel.","That's right. You know, at some point, we didn't pay for the Slack premium account. So, you know, I think within a month or two, our messages capped at 10,000. So we started losing our data.","Well, what's the big goal here, aside from actually getting a rocket into space?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Josh reached out to A after seeing their launch, and A spent a lot of time working with him","questions":"What was the name of PersonA's partner who reached out to them after seeing their launch?","answer":"partner"}
{"text":["That could be jeopardized?","Well, certainly the people putting forth these plans don't think it would be. What they want to do is change Medicaid from a guaranteed benefit to a block grant to states. So a state would get a fixed amount of money from the federal government and decide for itself how to spend it. The idea is that states know their needs better than the feds, and this would give them flexibility.","What critics of this idea worry about is, what happens in an economic downturn when demand on Medicaid goes up?They say states could be left with a sort of Sophie's choice. Do you cut back on services for poor children or for the frail elderly?","I know we've talked about Medicare and Medicaid. Are there proposed changes that would affect older Americans who might buy their own health care coverage?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The question is asking for turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. In turn 1, the literal meaning of the phrase \"that could be jeopardized\" is to suggest something is in danger or at risk, but the implied meaning is that the proposed changes to Medicaid could have a negative effect.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of turn 1?","answer":"Negative"}
{"text":["And I did. And it hurt me. And I've cried. I've made defendants cry. I had the whole courtroom crying once because my sense of hurt was so real and so immediate.","And everybody talks about the problem in general or their dealing with one person, I used to get the individual en masse, day after day after day. And after a while - now, if you don't care, it's fine. But once you do care, it is exasperating, exhausting, and you feel a sense of complete impotence in dealing with the issue.","What do you think about the debate that goes on in our community around this?Because Judge Arrington has now appeared at an event with Bill Cosby, who's been a big critic of what he sees as the negative sides of black behavior.","So, when you look at this, you look at your experience with seeing the same people go in and out of court, with having people come on your show and disrespect the idea of trying, do you think that the debate that's going on right now in our community is going to produce change or could it divide us, where some people say, I don't need your judgements?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The whole courtroom was probably not crying, it just means that a lot of people present were crying or just moved emotionally.","questions":"How did the people in the courtroom react emotionally?","answer":"cry"}
{"text":["I am deeply skeptical of that.","It's true, it's true. It's the - the analysis depends on the content of the air and the water in the specific place where your mother - the area where your mother was living when she was pregnant with you because that's the first bone that forms in your body as a part of the skull bone, apparently. Just as we can take a section of your thigh bone and that will give us a longitudinal picture of where you've been living for the last seven years.","Wow.","It's magic, isn't it?It's exactly those wild moments that I love, and there's a case in the book from - we were talking about insects earlier. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning behind (3) is not just a simple expression of astonishment but also an acknowledgment of the amazement of the speaker.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's statement in turn 2?","answer":"Wow"}
{"text":["You've also written a book about geoengineering as a way to deal with climate change here on Earth. Do you think people should try and terraform Mars so we can live there?I mean, that is clearly something that has been floating around for a while.","I think it's impossible to think about Mars without thinking about this because, you know, the great myth of Mars is a myth of geoengineering. The great myth of Mars is that Mars was once alive and slowly dried out and that the Martians tried to do something about it. So, you know, the idea that the Martians have an environmental problem and want to solve it is fundamental to how the 20th century thought about Mars. And it's been kind of fundamental to how we imagine the future of Mars. It's very hard to imagine a human future on Mars as it is, but one thing that matters a great deal is - although I think that it's quite unlikely that there's any extant life on Mars, that's something you really want to have a very good handle on before you even start thinking about terraforming it.","Oliver Morton is the author of \"Mapping Mars: Science, Imagination And The Birth Of A World. \"And he's an editor at The Economist. Thank you so much for speaking with us.","It was a pleasure, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Terraforming Mars as a way to deal with climate change is well-known","questions":"How is the idea of terraforming Mars related to the myth of geoengineering?","answer":"Fundamental"}
{"text":["Oh, by all means. I mean, the family in particular has been just, I mean, courageous. I've been at this 50 years now, and sometimes families withdraw, and we understand that. But this family has been a model of participation in all of the rallies, the demonstrations that we've had, and some of the members will be arrested. Therefore, they have sent a message across the city, indeed across the nation, rallying young people because Sean was about 22, 23, rallying young people to this cause.","Now, you and Reverend Sharpton's National Action Network were involved in protests around the shooting death of Amadou Diallo. Civil disobedience played a big role in those protests. What do you think those protests taught you, or what did you learn from them?","Well, you know, we've been doing this across the years. There's nothing new about a civil disobedience. But having 1,200 people arrested in a daily civil disobedience venture is phenomenal. It made an impact upon the police department itself and upon the politics in New York. Giuliani was the mayor at that time.","We hope that we will have a residential law. That is to say that policemen should live where they work. So that would mean you kill where you live. And I suspect that if you're going to kill where you live, you'll be more inclined not to kill, and we hope that there would be an independent civilian complaint review board that would review the behavior of the police."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The family in question has shown exceptional bravery and commitment to activism.","questions":"Which quality of the family did the speaker in turn 0 praise?","answer":"Exceptional"}
{"text":["That's where he sees himself as a character through a hole in his room.","I imagined a hole in a wall at the Good Inn where Soldier Boy perceives light and sound coming through this tiny pinhole. Imagine a camera obscura. And as he begins to investigate, he sees not only his own doppelganger, but other people that he recognizes in essentially the same place that he is - an inn, a bedroom, a man, a woman.","The only difference is that there are other people there, people at a tripod, for example, and a camera. And so he is actually seeing the first porn film ever being made, but it's in a parallel universe, if you will. He's attracted to the situation or intrigued by it enough because he's seeing himself and through a little whole in the wall. It doesn't make sense.","Yeah."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : he turn with an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning is (3).  In this turn, the speaker describes a situation where the character sees himself through a hole in the wall, but the actual meaning being implied is that the character is watching the first porn film ever being made. The speaker suggests that the character is intrigued by this situation because he is seeing himself through a little hole in the wall, which is a euphemism for watching the porn film.","questions":"Which situation intrigues the character in turn 2?","answer":"Watching"}
{"text":["When we say those reductions are temporary, we have to remember that they go until at least 2025. So for most of us out there, regular working folks, seven years of tax reductions is a big deal. We can have that fight again in seven years. I'm sure the Democrats will be promoting increasing taxes in seven years. That's what the Democrats always promote. The Democrat plan today was to increase taxes by over a trillion dollars. So we have to remember what our alternative option was with the other party.","But why make it temporary for individuals who might need that tax relief when corporations, who are doing very well, get a permanent. . .","Yeah, you and I are on the same page. I think that's craziness. I don't like temporary tax reductions. I don't like temporary legislative fixes, generally. I want to see permanent legislative fixes. So I am against the fact that they are temporary, but I'd rather have, as a person who pays these taxes, as a middle-income person - I'd rather have seven years of tax reduction than what the Democrats were proposing, which was a trillion dollars in increased taxes.","I'd like to talk about the political ramifications. By and large, polls show this isn't popular, and it pushes through some very substantial changes in the financial lives of Americans. Do you think that there will be a cost come 2018?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Do you think that there will be a cost come 2018?\" - The speaker is asking about potential negative consequences in the future, rather than an actual financial cost in 2018.","questions":"How does the speaker interpret the phrase \"cost come 2018\"?","answer":"consequences"}
{"text":["Let me go from pickles to apples and Poland because the agricultural minister apparently went on TV saying he thought Russia had broken international law with the embargo. And now they're asking the United States to purchase Poland's excess apples, which must be a lot of apples. Is Poland more exposed than, say, Germany?","On fruit, Poland is much more exposed than Germany. If you look at the exposure of countries - Poland on produce, Britain on finance, France has a big military order with Russia and there's a dispute over whether those vessels - those ships should be delivered. And for Germany, Volkswagen - those are the companies that are worried. So the food sanctions business doesn't hit Germany like it hits Poland.","Norwegian salmon - I guess there's also concern there too because even - there's only so much salmon even Norwegians themselves can eat and they need Russia's - that market.","Sure, and that's a big market for Norway. Fish producers in Britain are also very worried about it. But the countries say they will go on. And they also assert who's this going to hurt?If you read the Russian press, there is a view that sanctions against - or the reverse sanctions, as it were, by Russia against the European Union will actually help Russian producers. They say this is the chance for us to produce and to get our own markets going."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Looks like we have a lot to catch up on\" might imply that the speaker and listener have not talked or seen each other in a while and there is a lot of news or updates to share.","questions":"How might the speaker and PersonB be described based on the implied meaning of the turn \"Looks like we have a lot to catch up on\"?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["And there is a desperate need both for international humanitarian law to be observed in the conduct of the war to protect civilians but also for a move towards political negotiations and a political settlement, because it is now nearly two years since I sat at the United Nations with foreign ministers from the Gulf States who said they wanted a political settlement then. But it is no closer, and the bombing has undoubtedly deepened the divide inside Yemen and made it far harder to bring peace.","And this is the conduct of the war by Saudi Arabia?","The Saudi-led coalition has air power. The Houthis, who are an Iranian-backed rebel group, are on the ground. It's not the job of these humanitarians to take sides in the conflict. We don't take sides in the conflict. What we do is call out the abuse of international humanitarian law on all sides. And the striking thing about the Yemen conflict and the three other countries that are in danger of famine in Africa - in Somalia, in South Sudan that we've talked about, north and northeast Nigeria - these are man-made famine.","Mr.  Miliband, you've been a politician. How do you sustain interest in problems that are very remote from the lives of everyday Americans?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A: \"What we do is call out the abuse of international humanitarian law on all sides\" - This implies that all parties involved in the conflict are violating international humanitarian law, rather than only one specific party.","questions":"Which party is violating international humanitarian law in the Yemen conflict according to the implied meaning of turn 2?","answer":"All"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Jason, there's still no power on much of the island, which is astounding. It's five weeks now. What is it like?What have you seen to undertake a recovery from a hurricane when you still don't have power?","And part of what is crazy is it's not just Hurricane Maria. Hurricane Irma came through here two weeks before that. So there's some people who've been almost two months without power. But people are making an effort. They're out there. I see people, you know, cleaning up by hand. People are out there with hand tools trying to, you know, cut 2-by-4's to rebuild things when, you know, they don't have power tools. You've got people who are living in high-rises. It's kind of amazing sometimes walking around at night here in San Juan. You got these tall buildings. And you'll just see some candles flickering in the - and that's the only light in this entire high-rise.","I went out last night, actually, to try to catch some of the World Series. And some of the bars are starting to reopen. But everywhere that you go, the only power that people have is running off of generators or running off of some solar power. You really do not see people getting much power from the grid."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Despite the lack of power, the people on the island are doing what they can to recover and rebuild.","questions":"Which event caused power outage on the island?","answer":"Hurricane"}
{"text":["One thing in the filing that might undercut that is a detail where she had booked a hotel room with the company card in Washington, D. C. , for an event. She changed her travel plans so that she was no longer coming for the entire time. And one of the nights in the hotel room that she had booked, Duncan Hunter went and had a tryst with one of the individuals that he was having an affair with in the hotel room that she had booked. So her knowledge about all the spending that was being done doesn't necessarily add up with what his theory is for the defense.","What's next in this trial?And in the meantime, is there any sign that Duncan Hunter would consider resigning?","He has not shown any interest in resigning. We haven't seen that. Right now it's on pace to go to trial in September. It's possible there will be a plea deal before then. It's not looking great for Hunter. But that being said, there's very little chance that any plea deal would not involve any jail time, so of course he would have to resign. He won reelection last year and seems very much focused on getting past this, so we will find out.","That's KPBS reporter Max Rivlin-Nadler reporting from San Diego. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The woman who booked a hotel room with the company card did not know about the affair, which contradicts Hunter's defense theory.","questions":"Which theory is contradicted by the woman's booking of a hotel room?","answer":"Defense"}
{"text":["This is going to be a really interesting hearing today. I'm going to see if the judge approves these requests from the plaintiffs who want to see more documents being released from the Trump administration as well as they want to see the judge to possibly order more depositions, more officials sitting down for questioning to try to get a bottom of this - these claims. And this could possibly affect - if there's additional documents released, additional testimony - this could affect the ruling that the Supreme Court is expected to release by the end of this month.","That's the final judge here. The Supreme Court will be ruling on this.","Exactly. We're watching to see what the justices say. And it's a very tight deadline. July 1 is when the Census Bureau says that printing has to start for the 2020 census forms.","Hansi, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The hearing could have an impact on the Supreme Court ruling.","questions":"What could possibly affect the Supreme Court's ruling?","answer":"Hearing"}
{"text":["Thank you. Good to be here.","Let's start with that refugee situation in Jordan. The current foreign minister says the country is being strained. There are reports that the fleeing is expected to continue. Do you expect Jordan will eventually have to close the border?","I don't think Jordan will close the border. Jordan has been in such a situation before, if you remember during the first Gulf crisis and then the second one where large numbers of Iraqis, third country nationals came to Jordan, fleeing the conflict. And as a general policy, Jordan has never closed its borders. That does not mean that it is not being tasked by these large number of refugees, but I don't think and I don't expect the borders to be closed.","And that issue of strain then, how badly are Jordan's resources being tasked?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Jordan is unlikely to close its borders to refugees despite the strain on its resources.","questions":"What is Jordan's general policy towards closing its borders during refugee crises?","answer":"Never"}
{"text":["The best story.","Just another story.","Really quickly, the New York Jets have announced their new head coach, Bill, and I know that that is a subject of your next wonderful column. Give us a sneak preview.","Well, yeah. Buddy Ryan's son, Rex Ryan, had his first conference yesterday, and you know, he was so enthusiastic I was ready to snap on the pass."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"and I know that that is the subject of your next wonderful column\" implies that the next column written should be about that subject","questions":"What is the subject of PersonA's next column?","answer":"Head"}
{"text":["Absolutely. I mean, people should waste less of what they buy. I mean, it's estimated that the typical family in the U. S.  tosses out about $1,600 of groceries a year. And the report out today from the U. N.  finds that food waste may contribute up to 10% of the human-made greenhouse gas emissions. So we have a whole bunch of tips on our website to help you shop smarter and waste less in your own homes.","That's NPR's Allison Aubrey.","Allison, thanks for sharing this with us.","Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : not literally produced or created in a lab, but emissions are a by-product of the human's food waste","questions":"How are greenhouse gas emissions related to human food waste?","answer":"Byproduct."}
{"text":["The so-called Energy Climate Czar, I think people are calling it. I suppose if we have a car czar, we have to have a climate czar. This is supposedly going to be Carol Browner, who was the head of EPA in both Clinton administrations, actually, I think probably the longest serving EPA director.","She's a lawyer. She used to work with Al Gore in the Senate. She has earned herself quite a reputation when she was working for President Clinton as a tough regulator, someone who defended the Clean Air Act vigorously against lawsuits brought by industry questioning some of the scope of the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act. So she comes with, again, quite a lot of green credentials and reputation for being very savvy on how Washington works.","And finally, Chris, can you tell us a bit about who is going to head up Mr.  Obama's EPA?","Again, the name that's being bandied about quite a bit about is a woman named Lisa Jackson. She is a chemical engineer, and she is working currently as the environment - she started working as the environment head for the state of New Jersey in 2006. And again, she also worked at EPA during the Clinton years, so we've got a couple of people here who were Clinton executives and environmental movers and shakers during the Clinton administration."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Carol Browner and Lisa Jackson are experienced environmentalists with strong backgrounds in regulation and policy.","questions":"How would you describe Carol Browner and Lisa Jackson's expertise?","answer":"Environmentalists"}
{"text":["Well, we've got quite a few people that have moved in with other family members. Some houses that have only been destroyed partially - some are completely to the ground. We've still got some living in hotels. We've got some that are living in tents and vehicles. We found out yesterday from our school district that quite a few schoolkids are homeless. You know, 67 percent of the property here has been damaged in some way - or more.","So people have got stress trying to do a normal life during the day and have a normal job and then end up having to deal with the insurance companies and dealing with your mortgage companies and dealing with the assistance programs that you're trying to get help from that just takes repetitive, repetitive visits with to get things done. And it's not their fault. It's just the bureaucracy that's involved in everything doing nowadays.","Yeah. So they have to make repeated visits and work for a living all at the same time.","Yes, sir. It takes a mental strain on you. In my case, we sleep on a mattress in the back part of my living room 'cause the other half of my house doesn't have electricity and has got - you know, leaks like a sieve. And that's not a normal life."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) implies that the speaker is facing a difficult living situation.","questions":"What is the mental impact on the PersonA's life due to their living situation?","answer":"Strain"}
{"text":["And one thing I have learned in writing \"Big Game\" is that the NFL is a big club. We think we know everything; there's all this insider access that the NFL sells. But Colin Kaepernick, Donald Trump - these are outsiders who sort of stormed the club in their own ways. And they try to reveal things. And Colin Kaepernick, by way of this lawsuit, is going to put some very, very uncomfortable people in open court, potentially, in ways that could really expose a lot and sort of open a lot more Pandora's boxes.","Moving on in your book, I infer that Donald Trump might never have become president if the NFL owners had let him buy a football team.","That is the great thought experiment here. Donald Trump - he's tried to get into the NFL for maybe about four decades. If Donald Trump had gotten the Buffalo Bills in 2014, and it's not clear that he was ever close - he was sort of laughed out of the room in some ways - the NFL might have a very different headache or non-headache from the White House. And Donald Trump could be torturing them from within.","Well, why didn't they like his bid for the Bills or any other team he's made over the years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : If the NFL owners had let Donald Trump buy a team, he might not have become president.","questions":"What might have been different if the NFL owners had let Donald Trump buy a team?","answer":"President"}
{"text":["Some people call you the Architect or the Godfather of the surge. You know, it was not that big an increase in troops originally calling for just 20,000. What made you think that was going to be enough of a margin to establish order, or try to establish order, or something like order?","The surge, really is a horrible term, but the term stuck and in military terms it's a counter-offensive designed to wrest the offensive away from your opponent, in this case, the insurgency and the al-Qaeda in Iraq. And the surge, well everybody focuses on the troops, the real issue was we changed the strategy. For the first time we were going to protect the people and actually take on the mission to defeat the insurgency.","In the past, our mission was to transition to the Iraqis till down the road they could defeat them. To do that, you need additional forces because you have to decentralize and put the troops on the streets where they live in the neighborhoods, mulhollans as they call them in Iraq, and districts in those major urban centers. That is the issue. And in an urban insurgency the people are the issue.","You know there are some including the West Point history professor, Lieutenant Colonel John Gentile, who say that it's not so much that we've sent in these extra troops or changed our strategy, it's that we got Muqtada al-Sadr's forces to have a ceasefire and we essentially hired 100,000 former Sunni insurgents to come onto our payroll and try to keep quiet."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Additional forces were needed to decentralize and put troops on the streets to address the urban insurgency.","questions":"Which term did the speaker call a horrible term in military terms?","answer":"Surge"}
{"text":["Now, when we look at this, what they're doing, there was a - you know, in some ways perhaps a minor incident, but a telling one where the British publication, the Telegraph, reported online that the G8 leaders enjoyed a six course lunch followed by an eight course dinner. African leaders were not invited and of course they're talking about the global hunger situation. There was a lot of static about that. Do you think that, that was symbolic in any way or just, you know, big time world business as usual?","Well, Farai now you're going to draw the cynical side out of me. This was an incredibly stupid, careless move, by the G8 leaders where they basically seemed to have thought off camera they could do whatever they wanted to. And they demonstrated, for all to see, the contempt actually that they have towards the rest of the world.","That they basically - they see themselves, as in effect, the rulers of this planet. So, when they're on camera there'll be the tears, there'll be the concern. Off camera you saw this hideous example of consumption.","What do you think the G8 leaders should be doing in terms of an Africa agenda?I'm going to get to a couple of specific things, specific national issues of Zimbabwe and Nigeria in a second."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : G8 leaders' off-camera behavior contradicts their on-camera concern and shows their excessive consumption.","questions":"Which behavior contradicts the G8 leaders' on-camera concern and shows their excessive consumption?","answer":"Contradiction"}
{"text":["So tell me about this painting. Maybe take us back to 1982, when he was painting it at 21 years old, a few years before he died of a heroin overdose at 27.","It's 1981, 1982. You have this 21-year-old artist having their debut in New York, and it goes off like an atomic bomb. Basquiat, of course, is probably the only artist of color involved in any part of the art world at that time, and he was a spectacle to behold. I saw him on the streets of New York, and he truly was what he was called - a radiant child.","He's of Haitian and Puerto Rican descent. He's been called America's Van Gogh. Talk about his importance to the art world.","Basquiat is an extraordinary example of taking his own identity growing up as a black man in New York, combining it with art history via a lot of expressionistic wild-style painting where every single inch of the surface is activated and coming at you with optical power aggressively so, really hard."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Basquiat faced discrimination due to his race in the art world, and his success was groundbreaking for artists of color.","questions":"What adjective best describes Basquiat's painting style, according to A?","answer":"Expressionistic"}
{"text":["Well, yes, they are because the concern here is that if you do it for medical research, what's to stop other scientists to try to do it for other reasons, like, for example, to try to create designer babies that are taller or smarter or better athletes?Now, we're nowhere near being able to do anything like that. But the concern is that this could open the door to someday creating genetic haves and have-nots.","So, Rob, these CRISPR researchers are involved in projects that have tremendous promise to benefit our lives, but also raise very difficult ethical and moral questions.","That's right. That's right. And another example I could give you is I just got back from a trip to London. And there, scientists are using CRISPR to genetically modify mosquitoes that spread a mutant gene to wipe out the mosquitoes that spread the malaria parasite. And the idea there is to try to wipe out this disease that kills hundreds of thousands of people every year, most of them children.","Now, the fear here is that they're using CRISPR to modify these insects with something known as a gene drive. And a gene drive spreads a genetic modification through an entire species really quickly. So something could go wrong. You know, it could wipe out an entire species of mosquito. And that could upset the delicate balance of an ecosystem some way that could maybe unleash some new epidemic or cause the ecosystem to collapse and cause famine."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The potential consequences of genetic engineering could be extreme and far-reaching.","questions":"Which turn mentions the fear of wiping out an entire species?","answer":"turn3"}
{"text":["Seems that this year, more Americans are making their electoral preferences known from the hereafter. Katie Falzone is vice president for operations at Legacy. com. They host obituaries for newspapers and funeral homes. She joins us now from the studios of WBEZ in Chicago, where, of course, deceased Americans can always vote. Thanks very much for being with us, Ms.  Falzone.","Thank you, Scott.","So has this really stepped up this election year.","It definitely has. I recently pulled some numbers from our site and found, you know, over the course of the past few election cycles, we've seen a huge increase. So the first year I looked at was comparing June to June numbers for the 2003-2004. We only had five references to political candidates in obituaries. This year, 119."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The increased number of references to political candidates in obituaries suggests that more Americans are making their preferences known from the afterlife this election year.","questions":"How many references to political candidates were there in obituaries in the first year compared by Ms. Falzone?","answer":"June"}
{"text":["I'm doing great. Now, let's talk a little bit about Charlie Rangel. He's an icon. He's got this gravelly voice. This slicked back hair. Dapper dresser. And with his reputation as a deal maker he's held onto his seat for 19 terms. So, what are the most important parts of this multifaceted story?","Well there's a lot of issues that have been brought up related to the chairman. But the one that seems to the most teeth is really this issue of his taxes and specifically his ownership of a beach house in the Dominican Republic where he didn't report rental income for about two decades, and he owes taxes on that. And for most people that's a problem. If you are the chairman of the committee that writes the tax laws that's arguably a big problem.","So what is he risking if critics continue to push for him to leave this powerful committee post that he holds?","Well there are few positions in the House, certainly, that are more important than the one that he has and at this point the Democrats seem to be standing by him. Were he to lose that, though, you lose a great deal of influence over tax policy and one of the odd little inner workings of Washington is that a lot of what really affects economic policy right now goes on in tax policy as opposed to elsewhere."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to hold something in this context means that the person has power ","questions":"How does the dialogue describe Charlie Rangel's position?","answer":"Powerful"}
{"text":["And why were charter schools exempted from those stipulations in the first place?","It was never in the original law. You got to remember, this law was written in 1992. We were only the second in the country to have one. And there was a lot that was not anticipated. This is before online schools, virtual schools. . .","Yeah.",". . . Existed. It's before remote schools existed. There's just a lot it didn't consider."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"It was never in the original law.\" The literal meaning of this statement is that the stipulations about charter schools were not included in the original law. The implied meaning is that the original law did not anticipate the development of charter schools, so there were no stipulations about them in the law.","questions":"What was not anticipated in the original law according to A?","answer":"charter"}
{"text":["I would just think about grilling as like any other type of cooking technique. It's really about time and temperature. So if you know how to cook at your stove, you understand high heat, medium heat, low heat, you can replicate that on a grill. It just has to do with how big a pile of charcoal you have and where it is in its lifecycle. So it's very hot at the beginning, and then it cools off a little bit. And then I would say simplify your seasonings. I have a whole section in my book that's all about salt, pepper, olive oil and lemon juice as being really essential and really fantastic.","OK.  Carla, you know I'm putting you on the spot here now - OK.  charcoal or gas?","Oh, this is a great question. I think that they're both great. I have charcoal. I love cooking over live fire. But if what you have is a gas grill and it gets you outside, enjoying cooking outside and making something that you love, then lean into your gas grill. It's all good.","That's Carla Lalli Music, food director at Bon Appetit magazine. She's the author of \"Where Cooking Begins: Uncomplicated Recipes To Make You A Great Cook. \"Carla, thanks so much for joining us. Happy Fourth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Carla being put on the spot meaning Carla is specifically being asked a question.","questions":"Which technique does Carla compare grilling to?","answer":"Grilling"}
{"text":["So how would it come to be that the FAA would tell Boeing, in effect, inspect yourself?","Well, people may be surprised to hear it, but, in fact, that's the norm. For years now, the FAA, with lack of funding and resources, has delegated increasing amounts of this work to industry. And when it comes to certifying new airplanes, that means to Boeing. The FAA, of course, is supposed to have final sign-off on everything. But I talked to one engineer who was involved in the certification of the MAX - told me that there wasn't complete and proper review of the documents. Review was rushed to reach certain certification dates.","And the document that you were looking at - does it show that engineers had real safety concerns a long time ago about this specific system?","No, that document doesn't express their - it's the analysis that went into certification. The feedback I got from safety engineers was that they weren't happy with certain aspects of that analysis that was - that, in the end, was signed off. For example, it allowed that the system would be triggered by a single sensor on the side of the fuselage called the angle of attack sensor. That was faulty on the Lion airplane, and it triggered the whole system. And that's, we believe, what caused the Lion Air crash."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement implies that FAA could not expect Boeing to essentially self-inspect their own aircraft.","questions":"What is the norm for FAPersonA regarding delegating work to the industry?","answer":"Industry"}
{"text":["Well, we'll be sure to get those up on NPR News and Notes and nprnewsandviews. org. So let's talk housing. The U. S.  House of Representatives just approved a bill that some folks are calling the rescue bill. What does that really mean?","Basically, the housing bill will allow consumers to renegotiate the terms of their mortgages to get more affordable mortgage rates. And the mortgage interest rate for a 30 year mortgage is now hovering at about six percent, a little below six percent. You've got people locked into very high mortgage rates. You've got people who are defaulting because they can't pay. And basically, it will allow a renegotiation. And it will have the federal government guarantee these mortgages, which means that yes, a taxpayer at some level will pay if people default.","But basically, what we'll do is stave-off this horrible housing crisis that we're experiencing when we look at cities like Detroit. We look at other cities. When we see the default rates so high that we're really worried about the stability, Congress will, and Maxine Ward is of course, introducing some of this legislation because of the challenges that we're being faced in her own district. And so it's good legislation. The president and some other Republicans are against it. They've never been against providing money for anyone else. Bear Stearns got a break, why not people?","Some folks, though, are arguing that this bill could actually reward speculators who either are landlords, who own places in neighborhoods in trouble, or who want to buy up distressed properties. What do you think about that?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The housing bill implies mortgage rate shouldn't emburden anyone.","questions":"How does the housing bill aim to help consumers?","answer":"Renegotiate"}
{"text":["Africa is a continent wanting to change something. You know, everybody have to think what to do to give best future for the Africa, give hope to the young in Africa. And African young can have hope in Africa and make something in Africa and believe in Africa.","You've seen so much of the world. But why don't you take us to your childhood in Mali. And it's a country I've always wanted to visit. I've never been there, but I love the musical traditions and the long history of it being a nation with a lot of learning. What was it like for you growing up, and when did you start playing music?","I grew up in Mali, normally, like, with mother and father, you know what I mean, a lot of brothers and sisters. We are all together in the same house and is a great time, because is really happiness and very hot. Hot relationship and then a lot of good grand, grand ambience.","Well, let me jump in and ask you, when did you start playing music?What did you start playing and how old were you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is implying that he had a very happy and loving family life while growing up in Mali.","questions":"How would you describe the family life of the speaker while growing up in Mali? (Answer: \"Happiness\")","answer":"Happiness"}
{"text":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The mention of the Srebrenica massacre and the potential consequences for war criminals serves as a reminder that such heinous acts can lead to future accountability, even if justice is delayed.","questions":"Which massacre is mentioned in turn 4?","answer":"Srebrenica"}
{"text":["Hey, Geoff.","What's up, Farai?","Well, as you can tell, things are starting to crystallize and solidify in terms of this race. So you've got this endorsement of Barack Obama by Senator Ted Kennedy and his niece, Caroline Kennedy. How's that reverberating online?","Well, it's interesting. After Caroline Kennedy's op-ed appeared in The New York Times, searches of her name rose 179 percent, mainly by people over the age of 35 and across the two-thirds of the nation geographically. Now this is according to Yahoo Buzz Index. Now, for Ted Kennedy, his searches went up 248 percent. People were also searching for more about JFK, Maria Shriver and Jacqueline Kennedy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This phrase means that the endorsement is having an impact or causing reactions online. It is not referring to actual sound reverberation.","questions":"What does the term \"reverberating\" refer to in the dialogue?","answer":"Online"}
{"text":["What were some of the challenging parts of school?What did you find the hardest?","Reading, studying my lessons. You know, because I had to read more, you know, and because, you know, as you get older, your short-term memory sort of fails you once in a while. So to make sure that you got the material where you could reproduce it, you had to study a little harder and do a little more research.","So tell me what graduation day was like?","Oh, the best day of my life, I guess. Life doesn't get any better. Life doesn't get any better. With my family there, all my friends cheering me on, I felt like I was 16 years old. What a day. What a day. I was happy. Everybody was pleased. They gave me a good ovation. I really enjoyed it. I really did. I cannot explain to you in words my feelings."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Reading, studying my lessons.You know, because I had to read more, you know, and because, you know, as you get older, your short-term memory sort of fails you once in a while.So to make sure that you got the material where you could reproduce it, you had to study a little harder and do a little more research.","questions":"Which cognitive function is affected by age according to the statement?","answer":"Memory"}
{"text":["It's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you for having me.","Is the ACLU a fig leaf for Nazis?","No, sir. We are the premier defenders of freedom of speech and racial justice and the rights of all people in the U. S.  For almost a hundred years, our mission has been to defend the rights of everyone, even people we hate. And ultimately, this is about making sure the government never has the authority or the ability to censor speech because it finds it loathsome or disgusting. There are ways for government to regulate speech. It's got to be neutral. There are time, place, manner restrictions that are perfectly appropriate and legitimate. And yet, it can never be because we don't like what folks say.","What about when the marchers are armed, though?Doesn't that make a difference to public safety?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The composition of Congress and Senate may undergo substantial changes over the next two election cycles as more and more sexual harassment allegations continue to surface against longstanding members of Congress.","questions":"Which topic is discussed in turn 3?","answer":"Congress"}
{"text":["It's possible, but for the active vaccines, yeah, that's correct.","Is there a lot of research that's going on in this field?","There is. It's sparse. There are some groups that have been working in this for a number of years, but like I said, it's - the research requires a lot of different initiatives. So it's not something that a group who's just doing chemistry or immunology can do. You have to kind of meld together chemistry, immunology and neuropharmacology to kind of look at this overall process.","And is there great interest?You say there might be interest if you can develop this in - for people, the drug companies, because it's given later, might be interested in it as opposed to giving, as you say, prophylactics to drug addicts."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3): The research requires a lot of different initiatives. = It takes a lot of effort to research this field.","questions":"Which word describes the effort required to research this field?","answer":"Effort"}
{"text":["Someone who might be a public interest lawyer who decides to go to Wall Street instead because the money is better there, someone who might like to be a teacher making a little money, but decides, instead, to take a job, you know, in retail sales or in corporate because again the money is there. They lose, but we all lose. And I think that that's the challenge right now is that the nation loses when we are not in a position to invest and provide opportunities for every young person, and again, I'd say not-so young person.","We have students at Bennett who were returning students in their 30s, 40s and even 50s. And so we want every student and every person to have the opportunity to maximize. This is the kind of economy where people really don't maximize; where, instead, as you said they're careful; they're hoarding, they're not spending. So even this little $300 of the so-called stimulus package is going to put out there, a lot of people are going to put that away.","Well\u2026","A lot people are going to say, well, I'm not going to spend that money. I'm going to wait for a rainy day."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) is the turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not talking about waiting for an actual rainy day but rather saving the money for future needs or emergencies. The phrase \"wait for a rainy day\" is a common idiom used to refer to saving money for a future time of need or unexpected expenses.","questions":"Which phrase is commonly used to refer to saving money for a future time of need or unexpected expenses?","answer":"Wait"}
{"text":["So when the president says that uninsured individuals who are immigrants are a burden on the health care system, that is not the main cause of the burden of the uninsured. Most of that is citizens, so he is actually incorrect.","Absolutely. The vast majority of uninsured Americans are U. S.  citizens. That is the big challenge we have. We are obviously way more complicated here, and we're looking to make it even more complicated for people to visit the United States, potentially more expensive, and thereby discourage particularly people who are not of means from visiting the United States.","That was Anne Dunkelberg of the Center for Public Policy Priorities in Austin, Texas. Thank you so much.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : THANK YOU REFERS TO THE ONE ARE THE HELP.","questions":"Which person did PersonA thank with \"Thank you\"?","answer":"Lulu"}
{"text":["Good morning.","So why do you think the jury could not make a unanimous decision?","Well, obviously, it was - there was a split. We don't know what the split was because, apparently, that's confidential under Pennsylvania law. But, you know, who knows?Even though jurors are not supposed to speak about other jurors, that may end up leaking out.","The prosecution did not prove their case beyond a reasonable doubt. On the other hand, the defense also did not get an acquittal. And so this case is going to be tried again. I did represent one - the other accuser who was permitted to testify, Kelly Johnson. And I admire both Kelly and Andrea for their courage in testifying in such a high-profile case. And I've said, you know, we can never underestimate the blinding power of celebrity, but justice will come."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"But, you know, who knows?\" - The literal meaning of this turn is simply acknowledging the uncertainty of the situation. The implied meaning, however, could be interpreted as a sarcastic remark indicating the speaker's lack of faith in the legal system's ability to keep information confidential.","questions":"How did the speaker feel about the legal system's ability to keep information confidential?","answer":"Sarcastic"}
{"text":["You have to remember that this issue of sexual abuse has almost been, you know, an unspoken thing in British society. And really we don't have many tools for it. There are no public information campaigns, sex education is pretty poor, we don't have the tools available. We probably can't arrest our way out of this problem as one, you know, expert told me. We just have refused as a society to take it seriously, and we're surprised because when we look, we find.","Recognizing that there's a sanctified legal process that has to proceed, has anyone been disciplined for what sounds like pretty gross abuse and neglect?","No. And that is a big problem. The Council officials are saying there's not enough evidence or there's not a finger of blame being pointed at any individuals and no individual should resign - its collective. I mean, this is part of the problem of this process is that we don't actually have anybody taking the fall, taking the rap. And, you know, they've put themselves in positions where they're not liable to know the facts. The consequences of that just build up through the years. But you started off with 90 kids in this situation, you ended up with 1,400 kids being left to, you know, the worst kind of abuse.","Randeep Ramesh, who is social affairs editor for The Guardian newspaper. Thanks very much for speaking with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"No individual should resign - it's collective\" - The turn means that the problem lies with the collective system, and no one individual can be solely held responsible. The literal meaning of the sentence would be that no one should resign from their position.","questions":"What is the reason for not holding any individual responsible for the problem?","answer":"Accountability"}
{"text":["I mean, there have been some high-profile examples recently of sort of ethically questionable journalism, you know, maybe at best. Do you think that - and this is sort of tangential, but do you think that that, the definition of plagiarism needs to be updated for the Web?","I mean, given that I started this thing, you mentioned the curator's code, I think about that a lot. I think plagiarism is kind of a harsh word that comes from the publishing world, you know, kind of a legacy term. And there are many layers to it. It's a little bit of a grab bag.","But online, one of the things that I think about a lot, which I think is a form of sort of neo-plagiarism as this idea of OK, you know, we live at a time where there's almost infinite information, and it takes time to find the meaningful and to separate it from the meaningless, and that's effort, and that's sort of creative labor.","And when someone does that, and let's say - you know, for example, one of my favorite sites, Open Culture, run by Dan Colman out of Stanford, he finds amazing archival stuff. You know, and he spends time in the archives looking for it. And then it gets sort of reported on, say, Huffington Post or Business Insider, just sort of regurgitated."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"neo-plagiarism\", which refers to a new form of plagiarism that arises from the abundance of information available online; \"creative labor\", which refers to the effort and skill required to find and curate valuable information.","questions":"Which term describes the effort and skill required to find and curate valuable information online?","answer":"Creative"}
{"text":["Some of my friends and family still are able to work. However, my best friend - her DACA expires in mid-summer. So it's very important for me and for us as a community for legislation to pass.","Ciriac, I'm curious - do you regret having come forward and actually voluntarily given your information to the government when they started this program?","No, I think personally because I've been able to move forward with my life from going to college, graduating college, doing internships and now having a full-time job and having a car. I can't really regret having come out of the shadows and saying I want to do things right. This is who I am. I think it's given me a certain level of pride to say I was able to come out of the shadows, do all of these things. And I am, you know, part of your community. I am American. I am and always a Utahn. And so I can't regret coming out of the shadows if I was able to do so much and continue to move forward with my life.","Ciriac Alvarez Valle - she's a DACA recipient in Utah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B implies that coming forward and giving information to the government was risky or dangerous","questions":"What is PersonB's question to Ciriac in relation to her decision to come forward and voluntarily give her information to the government?","answer":"regret"}
{"text":["They have. About 40-plus have gone, probably as we talk, a number of them have left.","He's not considered a good candidate to lead the party to victory in a general election, I gather.","No, no, he's not. The leadership's come to him very late in life. He's a poor communicator. And that makes it very difficult to win over votes. He excites a section of Britain young people who will turn out in their thousands for his rallies and his meet and. . .","They feel the Bern.","They feel the Bern. The comparisons, again, you can see parallels between what is happening in Britain with what is happening in America. And they're not false. They're not invented.","Kevin Maguire of the Daily Mirror who joined us on Skype, thanks very much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The supporters of Jeremy Corbyn are very committed and enthusiastic about him.","questions":"Which section of Britain's population supports Jeremy Corbyn?","answer":"young"}
{"text":["No, I think he's wrong about that. I think Assad is one of the main reasons for the growth of ISIS. And that's the message I would have for the Russians now. You know, if they think somehow that backing Assad without any prospect for political transition will succeed, I think they're wrong.","But is there anything in Bashar al-Assad's profile that would suggest if he's able to hold onto power long enough to be part of a solution that then he just, you know, hops a plane for France and says you guys take care of it from now on?","No, nothing at all, and that's precisely my point. You can achieve limited political objectives with support for the opposition and limited military force. But the ultimate political objective of regime change takes a lot more than we have been prepared to do.","One last question. What would the messy solution you're talking about ideally look like in, say, six months?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker says \"You can achieve limited political objectives with support for the opposition and limited military force. But the ultimate political objective of regime change takes a lot more than we have been prepared to do.\" The literal meaning of this turn is that achieving limited political objectives requires some support for the opposition and limited military force, while achieving the ultimate political objective of regime change requires more effort than what has been done so far.","questions":"What is the ultimate political objective that requires more effort than what has been done so far?","answer":"Regime"}
{"text":["Hopeful or not, I think the obvious answer is yes, I am a student of Zimbabwe, I am still very hopeful. But we are calling on President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa always been mandated by SADC to meet it in the Zimbabwe crisis, to look seriously in (unintelligible) and move away from this quiet diplomats which is not producing the desired result, and probably as the AU summit sits on Saturday with eight African leaders to take a position on Zimbabwe. The deployment of a peacekeeping mission is now long overdue. The people of Zimbabwe have suffered enough.","Clever, I want to thank you so much for talking with us.","You are welcome. Thank you very much.","Clever Bere is president of Zimbabwe's National Student Union. He spoke with us from Harare, Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Simultaneous use of soft-laser for exposure to the cochlea and administration of Ginkgo biloba extract for 4 weeks on a 20-50% of patients has been reported to be useful. Soft-laser mechanism of action is unknown, but it has been proved that light leads to athermic stimulation of biochemical processes","questions":"How long is the administration of Ginkgo biloba extract in the reported treatment?","answer":"4"}
{"text":["You had to actually take the thing apart to change games.","Take out the battery and everything to change games.","That would be a drawback.","That's a drawback. And number two - they didn't have any games. There was, like, two games that were worth playing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"That would be a drawback\" - The speaker is not referring to the act of physically removing the battery and taking the thing apart to change games as a drawback. Instead, they are referring to the fact that this process is inconvenient as a drawback.","questions":"What is the drawback?","answer":"Inconvenient"}
{"text":["They thought he was a clown. They didn't think he was serious. There's obviously a lot of history because he owned the USFL's New Jersey Generals. But no, I mean, I think between the league looking at his books or wanting to look at his books and people seeing the way Trump has operated over the years, I think many of these people or most of these people wanted no part of doing business with him.","This book, I think it's fair to say, begins with your adoration for Tom Brady. And the. . .","It doesn't begin with it, but yes, it is definitely a part of it. I have to be transparent about my. . .","Oh, yes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They thought he was a joke or not a serious person","questions":"How did they perceive him?","answer":"Clown."}
{"text":["European companies and the European Union recognize that the dominance of the dollar in international trading gives the United States very considerable power. And I believe that the Iran episode is going to be a turning point. It will show Russia, China, India, the European Union the value of building up alternative mechanisms for concluding international trade that do not use the dollar in any shape or form.","So I think the United States is set maybe to use their excessive power on this occasion but, over the long term, to lose power. And I think that's right. It should be my country that decides what is lawful trade with any other country not the United States. And the United States' use of its dominance in international trading is totally intolerable when it seeks to place U. S.  law above the law of my country as to what my businessmen can do.","That's Sir Richard Dalton, former British diplomat now president of the British Iranian Chamber of Commerce. Thank you for speaking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : US law should not be above the law of other countries in international trade.","questions":"How does PersonA believe the Iran episode will affect other countries' views on concluding international trade using the dollar?","answer":"lose"}
{"text":["She let you know.","She let me know, I know. She was born with a perfectly normal heart. So for a whole variety of reasons, it was really special to meet her. You know, going through IVF, it's a very planned and purposeful pregnancy. Like, you're really (laughter) we really had to be committed to the idea that we wanted to be parents. So we're really happy it worked out the way it did.","You know, you reached out. What did you want people to know from your story?","Yeah. That's a good question. I've been asking myself because I haven't talked about my infertility experience very often. But I just had this impulse. There's a lot of taboos around infertility. There's a lot of taboos around talking about being a new mother in any other way besides in glowing terms. And now that I am a new mom and I'm working with other new families, I realize how stressful it is and how normal it is. In the event that someone out there can relate, that's what would be my hope."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"You know, going through IVF, it's a very planned and purposeful pregnancy\" - The literal meaning is that the pregnancy was a result of in vitro fertilization (IVF) which is a planned and purposeful process. The actual meaning is that the process of going through IVF is challenging and requires a strong commitment to the idea of becoming parents.","questions":"How was the pregnancy achieved?","answer":"IVF"}
{"text":["The protests haven't been as widespread as people have expected. But nonetheless, these protests are continuing. And it's a show and a sign that the world is not standing by Trump and his declaration and his pronouncements and certainly not his positions.","Well - and yet the Saudi crown prince is reported to have urged Mahmoud Abbas, the Palestinian president, to accept a very limited state noncontiguous with most settlements remaining. And we've also heard sort of similar backroom discussions from Egypt and other countries in the region.","Yes. You're absolutely right. There hasn't been a time in - since 1967 where Saudi Arabia has been on the right side when it comes to Palestinian rights. The real question is whether Mahmoud Abbas is going to sign something like that. And as much as he's somebody I criticize and I'm not a fan of, this is not an agreement that I see him signing onto because it doesn't even ensure that Palestinian rights are being protected.","Instead, it legitimates the settlements that are illegal. It removes Jerusalem - Palestinian Jerusalem. And it is effectively doing away with the Palestinian right of return. So this is not something that any Palestinian leader, including Mahmoud Abbas, is going to sign onto."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The protests are still significant despite not being widespread","questions":"How are Palestinian rights being affected by the proposed agreement?","answer":"Affected"}
{"text":["Well, we fought three wars in the 20th century in Europe - we had World War I, we had World War II and we had the Cold War - because we believed that a stable united Europe was our best partner to deal with the challenges in the world. If that was true in the 20th century, it's even more true in the 21st century when it is the only partners we can find militarily, economically and politically around the world that we can count on. They're not doing enough, but they're doing more than anybody else.","If your board were to go under, were to collapse, where nationalism would ignite the kinds of dangers we saw in the 1920s, in the 1930s, we, the United States, would suffer in the same way that we did in the 1920s and 1930s.","Ivo Daalder is president of the Chicago Council on Global Affairs, former U. S.  ambassador to NATO. Thanks so much.","It's my pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The speaker is politely acknowledging and expressing their pleasure at being part of the conversation, while also implying that they are open to further discussion.","questions":"Which statement suggests that the speaker is willing to continue the conversation?","answer":"willing"}
{"text":["The story many Americans learn as kids may reveal a lot about America's role in the world. It's a story involving Theodore Roosevelt. Before he was president, he volunteered to fight in a war. He organized the regiment in which he fought. The Rough Riders went ashore in Cuba during the Spanish-American War of 1898.","On one level, this is an adventure story. Clay Risen of the New York Times felt there was more to it, that a story from the days of steam engines and horses and colonial empires was still relevant. His new book is \"The Crowded Hour: Theodore Roosevelt, The Rough Riders And The Dawn Of The American Century. \"","Who were the Rough Riders?","The Rough Riders were a unique volunteer regiment that was formed in the first days of the Spanish-American War. At the time, the U. S.  military was really small, and they needed to bulk up really quickly. So the U. S.  Army went out and recruited cowboys, athletes, people who you could train pretty quickly. And a lot of it was the brainchild of Theodore Roosevelt."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The story involving Theodore Roosevelt may reveal America's aggressive nature.","questions":"How does the story about Theodore Roosevelt relate to America's role in the world?","answer":"Aggressive"}
{"text":["So, maybe they're taking a loss on the turkey, but the consumer comes in and buys cranberries, buys potatoes, buys a turkey baster, all of these other things.","Prices for avocados drop right before the Super Bowl, too, when a lot of guacamole gets made. But Valentine's Day bucks that price drop trend. Roses are popular for that holiday, and it turns out that roses are fussier than turkeys, which, after all, can be frozen. In economist-speak, roses are supply inelastic.","They all have to be harvested within a very short period of time. They have to be packed and sorted and shipped around the country.","But turkeys can be thrown into a freezer months ahead of time. So, if you're already thinking about what to get for a special someone next February 14th, here's an idea in economic verse. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) where the phrase \"here's an idea in economic verse\" implies that the following suggestion will be presented in a poetic or creative way, even though the literal meaning of the phrase refers to a specific type of writing.","questions":"What type of presentation is implied by the phrase \"economic verse\"?","answer":"poetic"}
{"text":["Alison Stewart's written a book that may make you contemplate whether to keep the book when you're done or give it to the Salvation Army. The book is \"Junk: Digging Through America's Love Affair With Stuff. \"Alison Stewart, the award-winning journalist, who's worked for every network, including this one where she hosted the beloved Bryant Park Project, joins us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us.","Oh, it's my pleasure, Scott.","This begins in your parents' basement.","It does. I had the task, as many Gen Xers and baby boomers do, of having to clean out my late parents' basement. And they were elegant, sophisticated people with a lovely home in Princeton, N. J. , but their basement - if I could have poured concrete in it and said I didn't know what happened, I would have. It was a severe junk situation. And they were children of the Great Depression and it was clear that that had made an impression on them and they really could not part with much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  It does.I had the task, as many Gen Xers and baby boomers do, of having to clean out my late parents' basement: This statement is implying that it is not just Alison who has had to go through the difficult task of cleaning out her parents' basement, but rather it is a problem that many people from her generation have to deal with.","questions":"How do many Gen Xers and baby boomers feel about cleaning out their parents' basement?","answer":"Many"}
{"text":["Yeah, I don't think there's been a response to it yet - not that I've seen. And I guess, you know, it puts a cloud on it. The special relationship was given a boost by the birth of Meghan's and Prince Harry's baby. And that was seen as sort of a good omen ahead of this visit, unfortunately, now is being, obviously, overshadowed by what Donald Trump has said. That may be a prelude to what he may say about other people here.","And I think the concern is that Donald Trump will use this and kind of abuse the invitation. He'll be given all the kind of welcome that he can expect in a royal visit. But is he going to return the favor, or is he going to bring up these tricky diplomatic issues, which are kind of flies in the ointment in the relationship as it currently stands?","So, Dominic, what I'm hearing from you is that there's a great deal of apprehension from the actual government that invited him. So is anything likely to come out of this trip that might be beneficial to the United Kingdom?","Well, if you talk to diplomats that - and their answer is that these state visits are hugely important. But in the background, there's a lot of sort of diplomatic nitty-gritty going on. There's a lot of business deals being made. And the hope is that this continues to cement that relationship, which we're told is greater than the sort of personal relationship currently in the heart of it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Cement\" is figurative, not literal. It refers to making the relationship healthy for a longer period of time.","questions":"Which word used in turn 3 has a figurative meaning in the context of the dialogue?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["The United Nations World Food Programme has to cut back on the food that it gives out to some of the most imperiled people in the world. In Ethiopia, for example, it's had to lower the daily calorie intake for hundreds of thousands of refugees that it feeds in the camps there. Now, this is partly due to funding shortfalls, but there is also a growing need for food aid as the globe's conflicts continue. Peter Smerdon joins us now from Nairobi. He's the spokesperson for the World Food Programme in East Africa. Mr.  Smerdon, thanks for being with us.","My pleasure.","What kind of hard decisions do to the folks in your program have to make?","Basically, when we haven't got enough money, we have to decide who's not going to get food. And most of the people we serve are dependent on the United Nations World Food Programme for their food needs - in many cases, 100 percent because either they fled countries in conflict, and they have absolutely no money, no jobs and no assets left or because they're refugees, and they are confined to camps. They are not allowed to work. And they have no money, either."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"What kind of hard decisions do the folks in your program have to make?\"  The actual meaning implied in this turn is: \"What difficult choices or determinations do the people involved in your program have to make?\"","questions":"Which organization has had to lower the daily calorie intake for hundreds of thousands of refugees in Ethiopia?","answer":"World-Food-Programme"}
{"text":["No. I mean, I can be smaller and leaner with one fewer arms or a leg that I've lopped off. No, I think it's going to be extremely difficult. We can't possibly serve the entire state, especially a state is geographically distributed as we are, by closing entire campuses.","Do you see an impact on enrollment, on students wanting to come to the University of Alaska?","Absolutely. Our enrollment has actually been in decline since 2012, certainly over the last several years because we've taken budget cuts four out of the last five years. There's no question in my mind that some students are opting for other institutions because of uncertainty about our budget. And another big challenge here in Alaska - we have in general very low college-going rates. So another negative aspect of this is young people who decide not to go on at all.","That is University of Alaska President James Johnsen. He was speaking with us there from Fairbanks, Alaska. James Johnsen, thank you for your time.","My pleasure."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : fewer arms or a leg that I've lopped off implies weight loss and not amputation ","questions":"Which physical attribute would be affected if one were to lop off a limb, according to turn 0?","answer":"Weight"}
{"text":["Make sure you got the right booty shorts on.","Well, it depends on the job you're applying for, I guess.","Yeah. I guess it does. No. I think you're bringing up something that's happening not only in the employment sector, but also for college admissions, and all types of things. So it's finding itself, trickling down into other areas. So the bottom line, first foremost, remember that the Internet is a public space. All right?Anything that you put up there can ultimately - I don't care if you're password protected or not. Ultimately that could be copied, found, and reposted somewhere else. So first and foremost, make sure that your content that you're revealing of yourself is something that you're comfortable with showing to a possible employer or a college admissions officer.","Secondly, use it to your advantage. Use these things like LinkedIn. You create your own blog site. Make sure that some of the discussion that is out there about you, you're controlling that. Make sure you have your own presence online. So talk about some of the extracurricular activities, your hobbies, your interests, things that you've done really, really well or you're very proud about, and take advantage of some of that. I think that's something to really take consideration of because this is a time where people are actually looking at these online sources, and you have to separate between your social life and your business life, and be able to understand how to do that in this online world."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Be mindful of the content you share online as it can affect job and college opportunities.","questions":"What is the advice given about online content and its impact on opportunities?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["Tomorrow, car sales numbers for November are due out, and they're not expected to be good. That could lead to more dealerships shutting down, and that could mean a big loss of revenue for local governments. For example, this year, the state of California has lost at least two billion dollars in sales taxes due to the drop in car sales.","To get a better sense of how local governments are coping, we're joined now by Marshall Bond. He is the city manager for Monroeville, Pennsylvania. Thanks for joining us, and why don't you tell us how many car dealerships are in Monroeville?","Just about every major domestic and foreign manufacturer sells cars here in Monroeville.","And so, how much of your budget comes from the revenue from car sales at these dealerships?","We have a business tax which obviously is, I'd say, probably of that - I'd say total tax is probably about 15 to 20 percent is based upon our related car industry."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A significant portion of the city's tax revenue is generated from the car industry.","questions":"How much of Monroeville's tax revenue is generated from the car industry?","answer":"15-20"}
{"text":["No, I don't think the passage of time has narrowed options for action but time is indeed the enemy. We've seen a persistence of this regime in Syria create a humanitarian crisis that is not only torturing the Syrian people but it's having massive effects on the neighborhood.","The U. N.  panel reported this week on evidence of chemicals weapons, which, of course, the Obama administration had once called a red line. What's your assessment of their reaction?","I think there's little doubt on the part of anybody that the regime has employed chemical weapons against the Syrian people. It's a remarkably small percentage of casualties are accounted for by this practice but it is a particularly bad practice. But the United States had a very traumatic experience with this business of weapons of mass destruction 10 years ago in Iraq. The administration wants to get it right this time. It wants to be able to present a case that is accurate and irrefutable.","That being said, does it run the risk with a protracted delay seeming as if they're countenance in the use of chemical weapons?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implies that by delaying action, the U.S. appears to be tolerating the use of chemical weapons.","questions":"Which action is being delayed by the United States?","answer":"Action"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely. I mean, you've been very lucky as a Cubs fan. You've always had Wrigley Field, which is an intimate stadium. And that's what these new stadiums are trying to recreate. Even Yankee Stadium, if you go on their website today, Scott, they actually tout the fact that home plate is 27 feet closer than in the old Yankee Stadium.","So they bring in the home plate. They bring in the sidelines. Everybody's much closer to the action, but they're also closer to the danger. And they haven't had a corresponding increase in the safety precautions up the lines.","Does the netting remove what can be a very exciting play in foul territory - the catcher, the third baseman, the first baseman, reaching over and snagging a pop foul?","You know, maybe there's some of that. I think there's some fear that players won't be able to make quite the plays that they were in the past. You know, we've lived with netting behind home plate. And those are the best seats in the house. And they're always filled. You don't hear catchers complaining too much about the netting behind them. The seats up the line are just as dangerous."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is suggesting that even though there is netting behind home plate, players are still able to make exciting plays, and the netting does not impede them.","questions":"How do catchers feel about the netting behind them?","answer":"Okay"}
{"text":["He kept the Colombian restaurant's painting of a traditional Latin American market scene with a tiny cross perched on the archway. It dominates the whole hall.","So this is the story. In Islam, you can't remove a picture which has a cross in it. That was my wife's understanding. She - that's what she gave me to understand. And she said, don't ever remove this. And then this restaurant became very lucky for us. We - from being hand to mouth, we became self-sufficient. So this proved to be a lucky painting. Plus, this was a colorful painting, and this was all we could afford at the time. So we want to keep it, and we want to keep that cross as long as I'm alive and kicking.","It's a sign of how so many communities have built Houston into what it is today - influencing each other, melding into something unique. Lashkari has applied that to the dishes he serves. His signature chicken curry, cooked in huge metal pots in his sweltering, fragrant kitchen, is made with Mexican tomatillos and cilantro. It's incredibly delicious. And we ate that along with the best saag paneer, a spinach and cheese dish, that I have ever tasted.","We do a lot of fusion right now. This restaurant is famous for its fried chicken. It's fried the Southern way, but it's - the chicken - the raw chicken is marinated with Indian spices. My white gravy is made with cashew nuts and almonds and coconut. So it looks like a white gravy of the chicken-fried steak, but it's totally different."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Lashkari has applied that to the dishes he serves... His signature chicken curry, cooked in huge metal pots in his sweltering, fragrant kitchen, is made with Mexican tomatillos and cilantro. It's incredibly delicious. And we ate that along with the best saag paneer, a spinach and cheese dish, that I have ever tasted.\"  The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not simply describing the food and its taste, but also highlighting the diversity and cultural fusion that has contributed to Houston's unique culinary scene.","questions":"How does the speaker describe Lashkari's cooking style?","answer":"Fusion"}
{"text":["A crackdown this week on opioid abuse resulted in federal criminal charges against 60 people accused of illegally prescribing and distributing opioids. They include doctors, nurses and pharmacists. One even allegedly traded drugs for sex. That sting focused on Appalachia, one of the areas hardest hit by the opioid epidemic. It's a mostly rural area where access to health care is already a challenge for residents.","So we wanted to know about the impact of this crackdown on both addicts and people who rely on opioids to manage chronic pain. That's something Dr.  Stephen Loyd has been thinking a lot about over the last few days. He's based in Nashville. And he's the state of Tennessee's former assistant commissioner for substance abuse. He's also a former addict, and now works with addiction recovery programs in the Nashville area. Dr.  Loyd, thank you for talking with us about this.","Thanks so much for having me, Sacha.","More than half the people charged in the sting are from Tennessee, where you live. Seventeen of them are doctors. Give us some perspective on what happens when you remove 17 doctors and other health care officials from a rural area that already has a doctor shortage even if those doctors were doing criminal things?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implies that Dr. Stephen Loyd is a reliable source of information on the subject, and that they are asking him to provide insights on the issue.","questions":"Which doctor is being interviewed about the impact of the crackdown on addicts and people who rely on opioids to manage chronic pain?","answer":"Dr.Loyd"}
{"text":["We know that many refugees went back to the former Yugoslavia. In the 1990s, there was a mass exodus from Yugoslavia. People have gone back there. But the overall evidence is that 80% of the world's refugees leave their country for at least five years, 20% for at least 20 years. And I think we are dealing with both the crises of diplomacy and the crises of humanitarian aid, and both need to be addressed. Our belief is that America has a proud tradition on which to stand in doing both those tasks.","David Miliband is president and CEO of the International Rescue Committee.","Thank you so much for your time.","Thank you so much, Rachel."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 80% of refugees leave their country for at least five years and 20% leave for at least 20 years.","questions":"Which percentage of refugees leave their country for at least 20 years?","answer":"20"}
{"text":["Well, I think it's been a historical thing. It's not a new thing. Mental illness has always been a mystery. And in ancient times, it was considered to be some kind of supernatural phenomenon, demon possession. In the modern era, meaning the beginning of the 19th century, there was an effort to consider mental disorders as illnesses. But then when researchers attempted to see what the pathology of the illness was in individuals who, when they were living, were ill - when it came to mental illnesses, they couldn't find anything. And I think then what happened is that in the desperation of psychiatrists who, by and large, were the custodians of asylums - as an alternative, people sought treatments, but the treatments turned out to be in retrospect pretty barbaric. And it's only really been in the last 50 years that psychiatry has established a scientific foundation for itself and developed treatments that truly work beyond a shadow of a doubt and are safe. But the lulled attitudes still persists.","Yeah. No name is bigger still, in a way, than Sigmund Freud. What did he get right, and what do we now know was not as helpful?","Well, Freud is undisputedly a towering figure and the most famous person in the history of psychiatry. And in the absence of any scientific theory of mental illness, he introduced concepts that were completely novel to civilization and endure today as valid and have really been given new life in the context of cognitive neuroscience.","What did he get wrong?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"he introduced concepts that were completely novel to civilization and endure today as valid\" - This phrase is not meant to be taken literally. It means that Freud's theories and concepts were groundbreaking and still have relevance and influence today, not that they are literally the only valid concepts in the field of psychiatry.","questions":"Which enduring concepts did Freud introduce to psychiatry?","answer":"Concepts"}
{"text":["Well, when it first was set up - it was set up to run international finance. And we had a very tightly regulated system of exchange rates and countries - if they wanted to change their exchange rate, had to get permission from the IMF. And so that was - I mean, that's a very powerful role. And this is all countries, this is not just poor countries. And that whole system collapsed in the early 1970s. But since then, as financial crises have proliferated, the IMF has stepped in as the principal emergency doctor for countries in trouble and it tries to figure out how the country has to change its behavior so that its finances get put on a more sustainable basis.","Where did it get its money?","The best way of thinking of the IMF is it's like a credit union that countries put deposits into the IMF, and then the IMF uses those deposits to help countries in trouble. And it's got about 400 billion of deposits and another 400 to 500 billion of borrowings. And that gives it close to a $1 trillion, which it can then apply to helping the poorer members who've got themselves into trouble.","You visited a couple of IMF missions - how popular are they in countries where they've taken a major role?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: How does the IMF have the financial resources available to help countries in trouble?","questions":"How much money does the IMF have available to help countries in trouble?","answer":"$1trillion"}
{"text":["Now, Mr.  Trump often points out that the school, at least on the website, had an overwhelmingly favorable rating from former students. But the plaintiffs say that it wasn't like that at all.","Really, that's exactly what they say. They argue that the whole point to this school was to keep selling students increasingly expensive seminars. First, there was a free introductory course where students were told they could make tens of thousands of dollars in just a couple of months using Trump's investment techniques.","But to learn those, they had to sign up for another seminar that cost about 1,500 bucks. And at that seminar, they were sold another course that cost as much as $35,000. They claim that students were encouraged to go into credit-card debt and even cash out their 401(k)s to pay for these top-level courses.","The settlement was reached. Well, one of these suits was about to go to trial on Monday, wasn't it?","Yeah, it was, though attorneys for Trump wanted it delayed because he was too busy with the transition. But, clearly, his schedule wasn't going to get any easier once he became president. So the judge in the case was urging both sides to settle."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \u201cFirst, there was a free introductory course where students were told they could make tens of thousands of dollars in just a couple of months using Trump's investment techniques.\u201d - Implied meaning: The students were misled into believing that they could make a lot of money quickly by using Trump's investment techniques. ","questions":"What was the purpose of the free introductory course?","answer":"money"}
{"text":["President George W.  Bush's book of portraits of more than 60 soldiers, sailors, airmen and Marines who served in wars under his watch was published this week - \"Portraits Of Courage: A Commander In Chief's Tribute to America's Warriors. \"President Bush has done a number of interviews in recent days talking about how he took up painting after leaving office and how he came to paint portraits of men and women that he sent in to war. We're joined by one of the president's subjects now. They call each other friends. Michael Rodriguez was a U. S.  Army Special Forces Green Beret who served from 1992 to 2013 in Latin America, Somalia, Haiti, two tours in Afghanistan, nine deployments in 21 years. Michael Rodriguez joins us now from his home near Fort Bragg, N. C. Thanks so much for being with us.","Oh, thank you for having me.","What do you think of your portrait?","Oh, wow. I'm, you know, I'm blown away that my former commander in chief would actually take the time to paint those that served under him. And I'm humbled that he selected me as one of them. I think it's a pretty good representation of me. I couldn't - I'm still kind of processing the whole thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : is asking what the subject thinks of the portrait painted of him, but the implied meaning is asking what the subject thinks of President Bush's gesture of honoring those that served under him by painting their portraits.","questions":"How was Michael Rodriguez honored in \"Portraits Of Courage\"?","answer":"Honored"}
{"text":["But there are some bright spots in the world of retail. We hear about one of them today as part of our series this week, giving you a little break from all that bad economic news. Lisa Olivares manages a kiosk. It's called CCE Headgear. It's at a mall in Fayetteville, North Carolina near Fort Bragg. I recently gave Lisa a call on her cell phone while she was working at the kiosk.","We do custom embroidery. You can either bring in your own items or we provide them for you.","And we're hearing from you on your cell phone at the kiosk now, and we should note that where you are is not too far from Fort Bragg, which is home to the 82nd Airborne Division. And apparently, a lot of the soldiers have been coming home, and how has that affected your business?","Well, I mean, all the economy has been affected, but we're not as bad because luckily, we do do a lot of things for the military. Their wives are still here, so it's constantly them bringing in things that they need to be shipped overseas or just little minor things, things for the babies. It does keep a good flow in, though."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The soldiers are a major customer base for the kiosk.","questions":"Which customer base is major for the kiosk?","answer":"Soldiers"}
{"text":["So essentially, it's because we've designed the car around a typical male body. So the most commonly used car crash test dummy is based on the fiftieth percentile male, and that is too tall and too heavy. It doesn't account for things like the differences between male and female pelvises. Women often don't sit in what's called the standard seating position. They have to sit much further forward in order for their legs to be able to reach the pedals. And we haven't developed a seatbelt to account for pregnancy. So there were basically just all these ways that we have designed a car to ignore female bodies.","This isn't a conspiracy. This isn't people wanting women to die. No one wants their mum to get into a car and be in much more danger than they are. So the only way I think you can really explain it is this incredibly pervasive cultural bias that we just don't realize that we're forgetting women. We just don't notice it.","One of the things that I found interesting in your book, among many, is that obviously, data in the modern world is so important. We have quantum computers shaping all sorts of things in our life. But if the data is faulty that is being fed into these computers, then it could have an enormous impact on the algorithms that deal with so many things.","Yeah. I mean, that is a huge concern. You know, I have no confidence that the tech community really has a handle on how male-biased the data is upon which they are training their supposedly objective algorithms."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There is no handle, just an understanding of the data being male biased.","questions":"What is the concern regarding the bias of data in the tech community?","answer":"confidence"}
{"text":["An so he went from - on Sunday on his Facebook page saying, well, I misspoke. I got the wording wrong, which is something he repeated again today.","Yeah. Well, that plus. He's gotten just increasingly - because as the pressure has mounted - and it's been fascinating to watch the responses from the congressmen, from the Republican Party, from Governor Romney and his running mate. As the public outrage on this has mounted, their apologies have become increasingly full-throated so that, as you mentioned, the congressman started out with I misspoke, like that's a little bit of a bizarre concept. Misspeak is when you accidentally picked the wrong word or say President Clinton when you meant President Obama. This was not misspeaking. As I wrote, this was mis-thinking.","And then similarly, you saw Governor Romney. His campaign several hours after this broke managed to choke out a press release comment saying that the governor and Congressman Ryan disagree with this view. And by morning, disagreement had become finding it offensive and unacceptable. So it's sort of a classic political story of how candidates follow the public polls.","And his colleagues - his would-be colleagues in the United States Senate, basically, as you said, throwing him under the bus."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : very enjoy am very nice feel very enjoy am very nice feel","questions":"Which feeling did the speaker express about the responses from the congressmen and the Republican Party?","answer":"Fascinating"}
{"text":["Absolutely. Mary was beyond offended. This was after her columns had been a sensation, after the Army-McCarthy hearings. And Mary had to deal with that kind of institutional sexism throughout her career, that she knew she would have to work harder and write better than the men to be a syndicated columnist. But she was also fairly comfortable with the hand she was dealt. She was not a trailblazing feminist in a traditional sense of the word. She figured if she was going to get paid less and have to work harder, she would make the men on the campaign trail damn well carry her bags.","Yeah, Mary's bearers, they were called, right?","Indeed. I don't think a more illustrious group of porters has ever been assembled, that you could find people carrying her typewriter and bag who invariably had won a Pulitzer. And as her cousin once joked, that if the reporters around weren't able to do it, she would make the candidates do so.","I wish I could think of a better opening. Tell me the Lyndon Baines Johnson story, if you could, please."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), when Mary's cousin joked about making the candidates carry her bags if the reporters weren't able to do so, the actual meaning is that Mary was a skilled and respected journalist who deserved better treatment than having to rely on others to carry her equipment. The joke is a sarcastic critique of the sexist attitudes prevalent at the time,","questions":"How was Mary's cousin's joke a critique of prevalent attitudes?","answer":"Sarcastic"}
{"text":["Thank you.","This study was conducted by some FDA researchers. Can you tell us more about what they found?","They found that some of the chemical active ingredients in sunscreen - oxybenzone, avobenzone - was absorbed through the skin. But they did not make a determination about whether or not that meant health effects - health side effects from that absorption.","You were behind Consumer Reports' extensive ranking of sunscreens. So in light of this news, how should we think about our choice of sunscreen?What should we look for?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B wants more information about the FDA research findings","questions":"How did PersonA describe the FDPersonA research findings on the chemical active ingredients in sunscreen?","answer":"Absorbed"}
{"text":["Now, in both the Enron case and the Madoff situation, they're very different in some ways, but they both benefited at least for a time from the fact that a lot of people don't understand finance, and it's very difficult to understand. What do you think people need to do who are not financiers to understand why is it important to even understand the issue of finance, white-collar crime, and all of this?","White-collar crime matters because it affects all of us. Even if you happen to be a blue-collar person, you undoubtedly get affected one way or another - your investments, your company, your suppliers, your neighbors. Everyone gets affected by serious white-collar crime, and the old joke is, right, you walk into a bank with a gun, steal $50,000, they send you away for 10 years. You steal $50 million in some sort of white-collar crime thing, and you get, you know, five minutes and a warning from the judge.","I mean, that's an exaggeration. But that's the kind of thing that for years has annoyed people, including me. And somehow the - because there's been now so much of the stuff has surfaced, and there's such conscientiousness about it and in the case of Madoff largely because he scammed people that members of the media know. So you get really angry when your friends go down. I mean, I don't have any friends who were in there, but a lot of people in my business. . .","Right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : send you away means they put you in prison, not just put you on a flight or mail you like a package","questions":"What does \"send you away\" mean in the context of the dialogue?","answer":"prison"}
{"text":["Now you know, in this country the housing crisis particularly fed by the subprime mortgage crisis, led to the recession in a - to a large degree. Back in 2007, you did a presentation about Latin America and the Caribbean building what you called an immune system against that kind of housing mortgage-related crisis. What did that involve?","Well, it follow in the several crisis that Latin America had in the 1990's. Bank regulators and supervisors were particularly cautious. So Latin America built perhaps a stronger than in the past certainly, and comparatively to other regions, the stronger frameworks of bank regulation supervision. The systems in Latin America became more conservative and as a result they did not get into these new fashionable instruments - sophisticated instruments - that became popular in the U. S. , in the developed markets.","As a result of being perhaps significantly behind these innovations, the Latin American's financial systems now find themselves with better quality loans, more resilient banking systems, better capitalized. It doesn't mean that this crisis will not affect domestic markets. It will affect but - but the domestic markets are in a better position to absorb the - what's coming to them.","Our final question is this, and I only have about 10 seconds for you to answer, are you confident that things will improve in Latin America, perhaps more quickly than in the United States or elsewhere?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Latin America did not get involved with popular financial loans that America used.","questions":"Which region avoided the use of popular financial instruments?","answer":"America"}
{"text":["Many political figures tweeted thoughts and prayers just after last week's church murders in Texas. Just as immediately, there were many sharp responses. Wil Wheaton, the actor and writer who has more than 3 million Twitter followers, wrote Speaker Paul Ryan, the murdered victims were in a church. If prayers did anything, they'd still be alive - and added an expletive. Mr.  Wheaton later tweeted an apology for insulting what he called real people of faith.","David French joins us now, a senior writer for National Review, a Harvard law graduate. He received the Bronze Star for his Army service in Iraq. And Mr.  French, on this Veterans Day, thank you very much for being with us.","Well, thank you so much for having me. I appreciate it.","You wrote this week that for people of faith, including those who were in that church, prayer is, in fact, a powerful response. How so?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are implying celebrities do not care about murders ","questions":"What did Wil Wheaton apologize for insulting?","answer":"People"}
{"text":["I actually haven't done the calculation, but if you can separate the light of the planet from the star, then you can do spectroscopy on it. And so you can look for the biomarkers of CO2 and methane and water and those kinds of gases, and that will tell you whether there's processes going on that generate oxygen and such, which tells a lot about whether there's biology going on on the planet.","This has been described as an unexpected discovery. Why was it so surprising?","Well it was because we weren't particularly looking for planets. Based on the work we did on 40307, we realized that the activity of the star is masking a lot of the potential planet signals. So that sort of clued the lead author, Mikko, into developing a technique that can more carefully and more accurately model the activity due to spots and flares on the surface of the star.","And it - so what we decided to do then, since we didn't know anything about star activity, was to pick a star that had lots of observations, thousands of observations from multiple groups, but didn't have any known planets around it, figuring we would just be studying only the activity. And when we learned how to model that activity and removed it from the analysis, out popped five planets very unexpectedly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Planets didn't actually \"pop pout.\" This merely implies that the analysis surprisingly revealed five planets that fit their research.","questions":"Which verb describes how the five planets were found unexpectedly?","answer":"Unexpectedly"}
{"text":["Non-binary meaning they don't identify as male or female. They and many other English speakers have been using they like this for years. Here, Emily Brewster will use it in a sentence.","Here is my friend J. They will be joining us for dinner. The they is referring to this individual who is standing right here.","Now, there's been criticism of this usage - some by those who don't understand why someone might identify as non-binary but also by those who are put off by this change in grammar. They - the critics - say it's confusing to hear they are in a sentence if the speaker is only referring to one person. But our word expert disagrees. Brewster says we already do this with another pronoun.","The word you was originally a plural pronoun, and in the 14th century, it started to slide toward this use of being both plural and singular. And so when I am speaking to you, an individual, a single person, I say you are. I don't say you is. The you are is grammatical."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The criticism is by some that are offended by the langauge.","questions":"Which group is offended by the language?","answer":"critics"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Anthony Leiserowitz of the - he's the director of the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication at Yale. How can you follow up with this?Can you keep coming up with new polls so we can follow this?","Oh, absolutely. We'll be doing this at least twice a year and, of course, we have lots of other colleagues around the country that are also surveying on this exact same topics.","And will we know if this does move into the - more into the political discourse as well as the public discourse?","Well, I think we'll see it. I mean, first of all, you can see it in the amount of - number of times that the president talks about this, that candidate Mitt Romney talks about this, as well as across the board. I mean, remember, it's not just the presidential election. There are some Senate races and congressional races all over this country. And what we're seeing is that a lot of people are beginning to ask the question about climate change."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"And will we know if this does move into the - more into the political discourse as well as the public discourse?\" - This is a literal question about whether or not the topic of climate change will become more prominent in political and public discussions.","questions":"Which topic is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Climate"}
{"text":["Well, it's a wide hurricane. So we expect impacts on both the east coast and the west coast. But the major impacts are going to be in the Florida Keys, particularly the lower Keys - then into the Naples area and then up the coast more into the Fort Myers area and into - early in next week into the Tampa area.","What do you see over the next 24 hours?","We see that it'll make this final turn. And we'll really be able to zero in on where that core is going to go. There's still a little bit of uncertainty, but we're looking most likely that the biggest impact's along southwest Florida.","What are your biggest concerns?Mr.  DeMaria. We have, of course, this whole constellation of effects between the winds and the storm surge and the flooding."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4), B is not simply asking Mr. DeMaria what his concerns are in a general sense, but is instead implying that there are multiple potential sources of damage and danger associated with the hurricane, including strong winds, storm surge, and flooding. The use of the phrase \"whole constellation of effects\" suggests that there are a range of different factors that could contribute to the overall impact of the hurricane, and that these factors are complex and interrelated. Therefore, the actual meaning of B's question is more concerned with the various risks and challenges associated with the hurricane, rather than simply asking Mr. DeMaria to name his general concerns.","questions":"What does PersonB imply about the potential sources of danger associated with the hurricane?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["So it does happen that, in fact, patients interpret these findings as immediately applicable to their condition.","And how do physicians handle that kind of request?","Well, at the risk of trying to be a naysayer and living in an ivory tower, I think you have to be honest with patients and say yes, this is very exciting. It may be important. It may prove efficacious down the road, but I think it's premature to take either an amyloid study or a test tube study and directly translate that to the human model.","There are safety issues. There are ethical issues, and we really don't know whether it's going to be efficacious.","Did some of these reviewers - do I have this right - caution that this drug particularly is a little - has bad side effects?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They are saying that at the risk of sounding like they are perfect and above others they think you have to be honest.","questions":"How do they think one should handle patient requests?","answer":"Honestly."}
{"text":["And then there's the hurricane season that starts in the Atlantic tomorrow.","Yeah. And of course, hurricanes are changing as the Earth warms. This is sort of the classic, archetypal climate-affected weather system. They're getting larger and wetter. They're dropping more rain. Think Hurricane Harvey in Texas in 2017. Think Hurricane Florence in the Carolinas last year. This year, the Weather Service predicts a normal year. I'm putting that in scare quotes. That means two to four major hurricanes. But it only takes one of those hitting the U. S.  to do a lot of damage, so it all adds up to just an enormous amount of flood danger for a lot of Americans.","That's NPR science reporter Rebecca Hersher. Becky, thank you.","Thanks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Hurricanes are becoming more dangerous due to climate change","questions":"How are hurricanes evolving due to climate change?","answer":"growing"}
{"text":["Well, right. He was famously portrayed by Schwarzenegger in the early '80s. And that image sort of holds true for the comics. He was a muscle-bound hulk. Conan the Barbarian was the main figure in a huge sub-genre of, like, sword and sorcery comics.","So what's the profile of a comic-book reader?","I don't know if I want to profile all comic-book readers, but these specific titles, Spider Man and Conan the Barbarian, are pretty escapist. You know, there's a wide world of comics out there at this point, but. . .","Right. Right. So does it say something that he doesn't choose Superman or Batman, kind of your obvious choices?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : world in this context means that there is many","questions":"How would you describe the variety of comics available according to turn 2?","answer":"Many"}
{"text":["Thank you.","What did you see when you drove through that deep water?What did you do?","It was just devastation everywhere. I mean, it looked like a lake. It looks like a lake in the middle of the neighborhood. You can't even fathom it.","Do you remember some of the people you were able to help?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - The actual meaning is to ask what the impact of the deep water was on the neighborhood and people, rather than asking what the individual saw and did.","questions":"How would you describe the appearance of the neighborhood after the deep water incident? (Answer: devastation)","answer":"Devastation"}
{"text":["OK.  Let's talk taxes. The latest GOP tax plan sailed through the House of Representatives this week. It's now in the Senate. What will be the greatest challenge there. Could it fail there, or is it likely to pass?They need a win.","Well, they already have - the Republicans already have some problems going on with even some of their most conservative members. So you've got Ron Johnson from Wisconsin who's already said, I won't vote for this bill in the way it stands. Someone like Susan Collins objects to the fact that the repeal of the individual mandate - the health care mandate - has been attached to this bill. So while it passed through the House pretty easily, the Senate is an incredibly different climate. You have people like Bob Corker and Jeff Flake who are a little bit of - you know, they're sticking in the craw of Republican leaderships because they're - you know, they're sort of doing. . .","Deficit hawks. Yeah.","Yes, exactly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Well, they already have - the Republicans already have some problems going on with even some of their most conservative members.\" - The literal meaning is that some conservative members of the Republican party are having issues. The implied meaning is that the Republicans are facing challenges within their own party and may have difficulty passing the tax plan in the Senate.","questions":"What is the greatest challenge the GOP tax plan is facing in the Senate?","answer":"Senate"}
{"text":["For political directive, sure.","Yeah. Yeah.","It's not Abraham Lincoln and his team of rivals.","They're like instruction manuals for how to run the government."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Political directives are similar to instruction manuals for running the government.","questions":"Which manuals are political directives similar to?","answer":"Manuals"}
{"text":["Yeah. In fact, if a car is assembled in Canada and shipped to the United States, Americans should realize that about 50 percent of the content of that car is American-made. A carburetor could cross the border up to eight times during the manufacturing process. We have a completely integrated manufacturing process in the automobile industry.","And here, we have something very amazing. We have the labor unions - the head of the AFL-CIO; the industry - head of the automobile manufacturers - each of them; and we have the U. S.  Chamber of Commerce, all coming together and agreeing that auto tariffs would be bad for not only Canada, but also U. S.  jobs. And it would be bad for the U. S. -Canada relationship overall. And so I think that there are a lot of people that do not want to see us go down that road. And it would be very detrimental economically.","So one last yes or no question - do you see an agreement?","I'm the eternal optimist. You know, President Obama said once to me he's a congenital optimist, so I'll go with that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : He wants to believe that an agreement will be reached that benefits everyone.","questions":"What is PersonA's attitude towards the possibility of reaching an agreement?","answer":"Attitude"}
{"text":["I think the major difference from the time you were here is that then we were experiencing shortages, but as we speak right now, there is nothing on the shops here. People also surviving on imports, that is the food that people are surviving on is direct imports by the citizens themselves from South Africa from Botswana. And most of the families that are also surviving from their kid's work - seeking economic refugee in those countries and give them to (unintelligible) of Africa. Pay taxes affected the livelihoods of the people involved. As we speak especially with the finding of food distribution by NGOs, we will Zimbabwe is heading towards Somalia. People starve of hunger. There's no food for people to buy even in the stores, that means that people don't have money, but if they had money there is nothing to buy.","Do you plan to vote even though the MDC has dropped out on Friday?","Well, voting on Friday means I'll be legitimizing an illegitimate process. I'll be saying what, even if I don't want from Mugabe, but the outcome of that election will be a reflection of the people in Zimbabwe.","Are you hopeful that someone, I mean the U. N.  Security Council has heard arguments from the U. S.  and Britain, different countries and coalitions of African leaders have tried to make statements, but statements have not so far changed things. What would help?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite the presence of goods in shops, people are still starving due to lack of money and high taxes.","questions":"Which problem is affecting people despite the presence of goods in shops?","answer":"SHORTAGE"}
{"text":["My reaction to the reaction is that it was spearheaded by the Daily Mail, which is really an out-and-out - almost a racist enterprise. It's - Daily Mail has been one of the most strenuous advocates for Brexit. But they were also avoiding some of the serious themes of the piece.","Well, let's talk about some of those things. Diana was famously involved with Dodi Fayed 20 years ago. And there was a lot of talk then. Now Harry is marrying Meghan Markle, as we mentioned, who is biracial. So have things changed?What does that say about the United Kingdom now?","I think that Britain is in a very strange place because the royals are kind of - as somebody said to me from the families, they're sort of one bright spot. Like, they're young. They're dynamic. They represent something that's very sort of inspiring when everything else is actually very gray because there's been this sort of political convulsion that was Brexit.","Do you think the royal family can really survive in a time when we have other kinds of celebrities that cost the taxpayer nothing?I mean, clearly, a lot of hopes are being placed on not only Meghan Markle and Prince Harry but the other younger royals like Prince William."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when something is spearheaded it means it is lead by","questions":"Which newspaper was mentioned as an \"out-and-out - almost a racist enterprise\" in the dialogue?","answer":"DailyMail"}
{"text":["From NPR News, it's Day to Day. Later tonight, I will be hosting dinner at my house with friends I invited, which hopefully will keep the meal mellow because we all tend to see eye to eye on most things.","But not everyone is as lucky. If you find yourself sharing a table today with family or friends who don't share your political views, well, fret not. Slate. com's chief political correspondent John Dickerson has put together some ammunition to help you should the conversation turn to politics. He joins us now from his home in Washington, D. C.  Hi, John.","Hello. Happy Thanksgiving.","And to you as well. John, you have for Slate provided backup to both sides of the argument on a number of topics. Let's start off with the financial crisis. Now, let's say that your Aunt Edna is a Democrat and your cousin Joe is a Republican. What argument can each of them make over the pumpkin pie as to who's to blame for all this mess?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Even though your family members have different political affiliations, they can still discuss the financial crisis over pumpkin pie.","questions":"What can your Aunt Edna and cousin Joe discuss over pumpkin pie?","answer":"Financial"}
{"text":["The proposed bailout of the auto industry, which includes $15 billion in loans and a car czar to oversee the company's business decisions, is being criticized by some people as too much government interference. Malcolm Salter has advised Ford and GM, and he has studied the auto industry for decades. He's a professor emeritus at Harvard Business School. Welcome to the program.","Good to be here.","Well, what do you think of that plan?","I have some very serious questions about oversight, and I think we're moving awfully quickly on this because, obviously, the events are forcing us to do so. But I have some concerns about this so-called car czar. I'm not quite sure I know what it means. I'm not quite sure I know what decision rights the car czar will have.","And if, in fact, the car czar does have decision rights such as reported the Wall Street Journal this morning, which was where they were to review and presumably review all transactions more than $25 million, that seems to me like pretty granular oversight. And the question that I would ask, who has sufficient specific knowledge to make those kind of decisions who really hasn't been involved in the auto industry?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The professor welcomes the opportunity to share his expertise on the proposed bailout plan.","questions":"How did the professor respond to the proposed bailout plan?","answer":"Questions"}
{"text":["Now, Mr.  Trump often points out that the school, at least on the website, had an overwhelmingly favorable rating from former students. But the plaintiffs say that it wasn't like that at all.","Really, that's exactly what they say. They argue that the whole point to this school was to keep selling students increasingly expensive seminars. First, there was a free introductory course where students were told they could make tens of thousands of dollars in just a couple of months using Trump's investment techniques.","But to learn those, they had to sign up for another seminar that cost about 1,500 bucks. And at that seminar, they were sold another course that cost as much as $35,000. They claim that students were encouraged to go into credit-card debt and even cash out their 401(k)s to pay for these top-level courses.","The settlement was reached. Well, one of these suits was about to go to trial on Monday, wasn't it?","Yeah, it was, though attorneys for Trump wanted it delayed because he was too busy with the transition. But, clearly, his schedule wasn't going to get any easier once he became president. So the judge in the case was urging both sides to settle."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \u201cThey claim that students were encouraged to go into credit-card debt and even cash out their 401(k)s to pay for these top-level courses.\u201d - Implied meaning: The school was pushing students to engage in irresponsible financial decisions to pay for the courses. ","questions":"What were students encouraged to do to pay for the top-level courses?","answer":"credit-card"}
{"text":["Well, I think one of my roles - at least the way I pretty much defined my life and work for 35 years in the academy and was quite lucky in serendipitous ways began teaching at Yale at the time of the moment that's now considered, I guess, the revolutionary moment at Yale with the Black Panthers and Bobby Seale and Erica Huggins and others.","So, I always saw a kind of resistive undercurrent in the university even at its Ivy League level. And I've tried to identify myself in the academy with that resistive undercurrent. And I've tried to maintain an integrity of my public appearances and what I write that never refuses to look at the fact that racism, in my estimation, is more rampant in the United States and globally than ever before.","One can say is the glass half-full or half-empty. I think that's mere casuistry. It seems to me that the glass is empty for the majority of Americans now, not just black Americans, and it's not near any liquid refreshments source that I know of, the foreclosures, the economics of the present time, the war.","It seems to me that Henry Louis Gates Jr.  and Cornel West made a deliberate turn at a certain point in their career and decided, in the case of Mr.  Gates for example, that he was not going to do another profoundly brilliant book in his\u2026","Well, professor, I'm sorry, we have to wrap this up. There's a lot there, but thank you so much, Professor Baker."],"speaker":["A","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : And I've tried to identify myself in the academy with that resistive undercurrent.\" Implicated meaning: The speaker aligns themselves with the idea of resisting systems of oppression and inequality within the academic world.","questions":"Which idea does the speaker align themselves with in the academy?","answer":"Resistive"}
{"text":[". . . in HD glory.",". . . up there at sciencefriday. com on our webpage. You can also take it along with you on your iPad or iPhone or Android. But they run - this is an amazing photo. It's - because this thing is huge. It's very long. The antenna is very, very long.","It is very long. And they run it from base to tip through their mouth. And they do this all the time. And Coby Schal wondered, why are they spending all this time grooming?What are they actually grooming off?And he said there have been a lot of hypotheses about this, but no one had actually tested it. So they did a couple of things that are - it's so funny. So first of all, to test why a cockroach grooms, you have to prevent the cockroach from grooming, which presents an interesting challenge: How do you get the cockroach to cooperate with you?","And they came up with something sort of like one of those dog cones that prevents dogs from scratching. But it's a teeny, tiny antenna cone made from the tip of a pipette that they put on the base of the antenna. So the cockroach can't actually pull it down. So on a cockroach now, they have one antenna that's being groomed and they have this other antenna that the cockroach can't groom anymore. So they can see what happens to the dirty antenna, and they find that all of this gunk starts to accumulate on the antenna."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Preventing a cockroach from grooming presents an interesting challenge means it's difficult to get a cockroach to stop grooming","questions":"How did they prevent the cockroach from grooming?","answer":"Cone"}
{"text":["Yeah. That was the scene I went out. Before I did that song, Creed said, man, write a hit. I said, oh, sure, it'll be gold(ph). Because commercialism never really fazed me. I mean, playing songs that - in links that you knew everybody would like. I always wanted to be a true jazz artist, you know that. But Creed said, write a hit, so I wrote \"Red Clay. \"And all my friends who were jazz musicians, they said, man, you writing that square stuff. So I kind of - but that tune has earned me a living.","That's a great tune.","I mean - and it reminded me of my early childhood when I was back in Indianapolis.","They have red clay in Indiana?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Creed said to write a song that would be very popular. Jazz musician friends said that he was writing songs that were boring.","questions":"Which word did Creed use to ask PersonA to write a popular song?","answer":"Popular"}
{"text":["You could also - I think this is a terrific time to be as diversified as humanly possible. You want a little in bonds, you want a little in cash, you want some in stocks, you want some in international stocks. That way, at least if part of the economy falls apart, there are other things that will boost your returns.","You mentioned something I want to follow up on again with you about diversifying your portfolio, if you have one. If you do decide to move your money, whether it's a portfolio or a small savings account, and you want to do it right now because you're not confident, where should you put that money?","Ah. Well, I think that if you're really terrified of everything, your local bank is going to insure your savings account up to one hundred thousand dollars, more if you have a retirement account. And frankly, if the government falls through on that, you probably have other things in your life to worry about than what your savings are doing, like where am I going to get my canned goods?","Well, that's an interesting - an interesting response. I'm sure you heard Bill Spriggs earlier talk about Goldman Sachs and the end of the investment bank as we know it. A lot of times - you know, the corner bank is not the institution that it once was, so we have commercial banks, we no longer have investment banks. Does it make a difference which bank, which type of bank you now put your money in, given the crisis that we're facing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The 'canned goods' comment isn't literal, but it implies that if the US government fails, society will crash and be unstable, and there may even be food shortages.","questions":"How does the 'canned goods' comment relate to the potential failure of the US government?","answer":"instability"}
{"text":["What do you think - if this decision is permanent, what do you think the U. S.  will miss by not being a member of UNESCO?","Oh, I think the U. S.  will miss a lot. It's a big loss for the United Nations family because we are part of this family. It is a big role for multilateralism. But I believe it is also a loss for the U. S.","Irina Bokova is director general of UNESCO. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you very much for inviting me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is thanking the guest for appearing on the show and expressing appreciation for their insight","questions":"Which guest?","answer":"Irina-Bokova"}
{"text":["Thanks, Scott.","First, these current attacks. Based on reporting, is there a particular source for attacks against Orthodox Jews?","Well, it seems to be happening often from people who live in the neighborhood. We don't know that much about the perpetrators. What we do know is that people that live in Crown Heights don't tend to be white supremacists. And to judge from the footage of many of these attacks, at least some of the perpetrators seem to be young black men or teenagers. And perhaps that's one of the reasons that so many people want to avert their eyes from what's happening in places like Crown Heights.","Are they street assaults and robberies or hate crimes?Where are the lines in something like this?","Well, all we know is that the people that are being attacked are the most publicly, visibly Jewish people. And they're incredibly violent. Given that this has been happening in the city, there's been a sort of curious lack of interest on the part of New Yorkers, on the part of the mayor, on the part of the governor. Imagine if a spate of crimes had happened in a pattern like this against another minority - what the reaction would be.","Has there also been a national increase in anti-Semitic crimes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People don't want to know about what is happening in Crown Heights.","questions":"What is the reason for averted eyes from what's happening in places like Crown Heights?","answer":"Perpetrators"}
{"text":["When we had a transfer of presidencies in this country, when Barack Obama came in four years ago and George W.  Bush got aboard the helicopter and left town, well, George W.  Bush has pretty vanished from the American political leadership. He wrote a book, did pretty well with that. I gather he gives some speeches, but he plays no great part in the American political system. Bill Clinton has been playing a little bit more in this election.","But in the meantime, Mr.  Hu Jintao on his way out - really, on the way out?He will be a member of the Standing Committee. He's not going to be president. He's not going to be chairman of the party anymore, but?","He still may have a pretty strong role in the military. There's also the former president of China, who I covered back in the '90s, named Jiang Zemin who's from Shanghai. He has been front and center at the Party Congress. He's been out and about. He's in his mid-80s. He's playing role in terms of lining up who's going to take over. There's a lot of horse trading, but it's very, very opaque. And the average Chinese person really doesn't have any sense of where it's heading.","So you're getting this new generation of younger leaders, but the gerontocracy, the old leaders, behind the scenes, they're still playing a role."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It implies that there is a lot of political maneuvering happening behind the scenes in China which an average Chinese person have no knowledge about.","questions":"Which country's former president is mentioned as still playing a role in lining up who will take over at the Party Congress?","answer":"China"}
{"text":["Yeah,. It's really amazing, yeah. It turns out he was, you know, an avid, you know, layperson but had great interest in butterflies and how they evolve and so on. And he suggested that butterflies moved in certain ways from between Asia and Europe and so on. And just about a couple of years ago scientists discovered that, you know, what he suggested is actually correct.","And how did he come up with that idea?I mean, was it based on fact?","He was really following - yeah, yeah. He was following, you know, the butterflies and, you know, and where - what kinds of species you find where and so on. He was really very interested and very knowledgeable in butterflies.","Mm-hmm. OK.  Let's move on to another famous guy: Lord Kelvin. Tell us who Lord Kelvin was and what his big blunder was."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He was a person that was not a scientist but had an interest in butterflies.","questions":"Which topic interested the non-scientist person mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Butterfly"}
{"text":["So are you surprised by these numbers?Is there anything in the report we haven't really heard before?","Unfortunately I wish I could say I was surprised. But it's pretty much an extension of what we've known going back for decades now, and that is that our path of tougher sentencing laws and higher rates of incarceration has really continued unabated. And at this point, as this report points out, we stand alone on the global stage with really no other peers in terms of our use of incarceration.","Can you break down the numbers by race?","Well, that's where the numbers are most compelling and most frightening. The one in a hundred number that got most of the attention, one in a hundred Americans are in prison or jail, obscures the underlying trends and the geographical concentration of incarceration, particularly among low-income communities of color. And once you look for young African\u2014American males, as the report points out, black men between the ages of 20 and 34, one in nine of them are in prison or jail on a given day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The underlying trends and geographical concentration of incarceration disproportionately affect low-income communities of color, particularly young African-American males.","questions":"Which group is most affected by the geographical concentration of incarceration?","answer":"Communities"}
{"text":["And based on your experience, Ms.  Rosenberg, how much do France and the U. K.  and Germany want to be different than U. S.  policy in this regard?","Right now is the period of true testing of exactly that question. How independent do they want their foreign policy to be, given that there's a long-standing, close relationship between trans-Atlantic security partners and significant collaboration and interconnectivity in the economic sphere?So on the one hand, Europe wants to adhere to its own principles on foreign policy and economic relations, which lead it to diverge from the United States in the matter of this Iran deal. On the other hand, that may mean risking quite a lot.","Elizabeth Rosenberg of the Center for a New American Security, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Europe wants to assert its independence from the US while risking consequences","questions":"How does Europe want to assert itself?","answer":"Assert"}
{"text":["Again, going back to the example of Dayton, you said getting people together in one room did not work so well there.","Oh. You know, we had an opening banquet, which we had in this museum. I mean, it was an air museum, so, ironically, above the head of one the Serbs, we had a cruise missile, which had recently. . .","That was quite a coincidence. We didn't mean to do that. It had to do with the seating chart. But anyway, it all went very well and we saw that President Izetbegovic, the president of Bosnia, was talking to President Milosevic. So we thought, wow. This is going to be easier that we think, you know?Hold the food order. We think we can get out of here pretty quickly.","So the next day, we brought them all together, and they all screamed at each other so much so that I said to Holbrooke, we better not try this again. He said, you're not kidding. This could be the end of the whole conference. So we never did it again, until the very last day when we asked - when we had an agreement, and the three leaders of the three, what we called, warring factions, which a term they never liked, got together and actually initialed the Dayton Peace Accods."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite the seriousness of the situation, the placement of a cruise missile in the air museum at the opening banquet was an amusing coincidence.","questions":"Which object was displayed above the head of a Serbian person during the opening banquet?","answer":"missile"}
{"text":["Divers finally managed to get into the passenger decks of the ship. And they saw through a window three bodies, but they were unable to actually get in and recover those bodies. They did not find any survivors yet, but they've been trying very hard all week to get in there. They've been dealing with next to zero visibility, very strong currents. Also, they've been trying to pump air into that ship in the hopes that there are some survivors hanging on in air pockets. And because of that, they've got cranes on the scene, but they haven't tried to lift the ferry out of the water yet for fear that it'll further endanger those survivors.","Police have arrested the ship's captain and several crew members. What are the charges?","The charges against the captain are negligence. They're saying that he abandoned the passengers when they needed them. And a lot of people in this country are angry that the captain apparently jumped ship himself while telling the passengers, these high school students, on the boat to stay put and await help. Now the prosecutors say that at the time of the accident, the captain was actually not on the bridge of the ferry. The person taking the wheel was the third mate, who had never navigated some tricky waters where there are a lot of coastal areas and islands. And this was a very young and inexperienced third mate.","The vice principal of the high school where most of the passengers were from committed suicide. He was one of the survivors?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that the captain may be guilty of the accident because his actions may have contributed to the deaths of passengers.","questions":"What are the charges against the captain?","answer":"Negligence."}
{"text":["So when he came home, how was he different in how he treated you, related to you, related to family life?","He's totally different. For one, Michael is very quiet. And since he returned, he's even distant, and it's causing a lot of problems in our marriage. And it's just - this war have caused a lot of stress on the wives and the families, they have to deal with these soldiers when they return.","What do you try to do with or for Michael to help him adjust?","I try everything in the world, and it seem like it don't help. Because he have a wall built up, and for one, we don't have enough help here. We only have one clinic that we can go to for counseling and therapy. And it's like two-hour drive away from where we live, so that's a major problem, too."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : a wall built up implies that the man is not communicating with others about his emotions","questions":"What is causing problems in the marriage?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["So what do these numbers here in Southern California, what does that mean for the rest of the country?","You know the other kind of metro coastal areas are following a pretty similar pattern. But you know places like Charlotte, North Carolina haven't - places that haven't had the kind of run up that we had in the hot spots probably aren't seeing as large declines because they don't have this part of fall. But the real sort of disaster areas are California and Nevada, Arizona, Florida. You know, New York City has had great appreciation and hasn't seen the large declines now. So that sort of the one the economists are watching next to see, you know, if New York's bubble is - which is sort of been slowly deflating is really going to have a big burst at some point.","Foreclosure seems to be playing a big role in all of this. A new study came out yesterday from the company Realty Track showing that across the country fewer Americans are thinking about buying a foreclosed home. So what might be the effect of this?","Here in southern California people are buying foreclosed homes, especially ones that are sort of decent quality.","I understand that you are currently speaking to us from a home that was foreclosed on. Can you tell us a little about your situation there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Foreclosure is having a big impact on the current situation.","questions":"How is the current situation impacted?","answer":"Foreclosure"}
{"text":["So I'm going to plunge straight into another topic. That's gas prices. They rose more than six cents in one day following news of the damage to the Gulf Coast. There is a lot of oil industry there. Tropical Storm Ike also damaged that area.","Now, there is a question of whether or not folks are getting unfairly gouged. One gas station is said to have charged five dollars for a gallon of regular, and there are some other places in the damaged areas that don't even have gas. So is this price gouging?And I'm not just talking about the people in the effected areas, but people across the country.","There is some price gouging, I think, when you get to five dollars. On the other hand, when you're talking about what's happening with production, the fact is that there are almost immediate shortages. Gas stations have the gas that they have under their stations to pump, that's all they have. They have to get deliveries of other gas and it's more scarce, it costs them more.","So if someone decides, in anticipation of price rises, to raise the price on the gas under their station, that's not fair but it's somewhat reasonable. But when they take it from a few cents to five dollars, if it was being posted as $3. 65, which was the national average, and then you get up to five dollars, that does seem to be a bit much."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Gas prices are rising because of immediate shortages caused by the storm.","questions":"Which event caused the immediate shortages that led to rising gas prices?","answer":"storm"}
{"text":["Even though the Jews lived with the Poles for 1,000 years. And today, the history of the Jews and the Jewish experience is not really considered Polish experience.","I'd like to talk about the new Polish law which prohibits using the phrase Polish death camps. What does that mean for you as a guide and as a historian?","I think this is not really the biggest concern that we have regarding this law. There are many organizations. There are many institutions. There are many wonderful people who've been trying to fight against using this expression Polish death camps. The point is, however, that this - and this is what we are really concerned about - that this new law will possibly suppress genuine research and also open discussion about the truth and whether we are allowed to talk about our dark past openly.","What is the truth?What is the truth that you study and that you have talked about?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Jewish experience is not considered Polish experience","questions":"What experience is not considered Polish experience?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Absolutely, absolutely.",". . . To provide even more confidential information, yeah.","Also, importantly, this list - the clearance-holders' foreign national contacts. That is the foreigners you are in close and continuing contact with. If I were China, I'd be looking for any Chinese national who pops up in those forms for exploitation. This is counterespionage-101 kind of stuff.","There are widespread reports that China is behind all this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  is that B is implying that China is likely to be responsible for the events in question.","questions":"How does PersonB suggest China's involvement in the events?","answer":"Implication"}
{"text":["I have - I guess it's a practical question because I'm remembering a number of executions that were stalled because there's been this shortage of drugs available to carry out executions. Has that changed?","It has not changed. But Attorney General Bill Barr says the Justice Department no longer wants to use that three-drug cocktail. Instead, he says, Justice is going to follow the protocol already deployed by states like Georgia and Texas. They use just one of those drugs. And Bill Barr says that method has been upheld by federal courts already, so he says it's not out of line with the Eighth Amendment ban on cruel and unusual punishment.","And, Carrie, this decision by the federal government would seemed to run counter to what we're actually watching happen in a number of states, isn't that right?","Exactly. Across the country, the population on death row in states has been shrinking for many years. There were just 25 executions last year. They seem to happen more often in southern states. And the Justice Department says it now takes on average more than 20 years between a state death sentence and an actual execution. So in many states, people are dying of natural causes before they can be executed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to run counter with something means that the opposite of what was predicted to happen actually happened despite the circumstances","questions":"Which phrase describes the method that the Justice Department plans to follow for executions?","answer":"One-drug"}
{"text":["No, he won't be voted on by the entire board, under our system, and I'd be telling you more internal NAACP organizational matters than anyone needs to know. The CEO works for the executive committee, and the executive committee needs to approve his contract, which I'm confident will happen. And when that's done, it's done.","You have been a very strong leader of the NAACP, from the position of chairman of the board. There have been some incredible chairmen - and women, including Myrlie Evers-Williams. But is this organization prepared to have a strong president?You are arguably still, at this point, you know, beyond arguably, the most powerful person at the NAACP, are you ready to split the seat?","I'm ready for Ben Jealous to come on board, and, you know, we have had only, I think, 17 people in this job, over the 99 years we've been in existence - four have been white, several have been women, they come from a variety of backgrounds and professions, but I'm looking forward to Ben Jealous. I think he is going to be among the strongest we've ever had, and may turn out to be the strongest we have ever had.","Give me a moment that you think typifies the direction that the NAACP is going. And what I mean is a personal moment, where you really felt, I'm doing the right thing, for the right reasons."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The CEO's contract will be approved by the executive committee, not the entire board.","questions":"Which committee needs to approve the CEO's contract?","answer":"Executive"}
{"text":["Yeah.","And so - especially in the 24\/7 cable environment, where you're desperate for eyeballs, you know, which would you rather see, somebody who's methodically and deliberately laying out the science of climate change or two people yelling at each other and getting. . .","Yeah.",". . . into a fight. So unfortunately, the media itself has some structural issues that make it harder to have a reasonable conversation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) implies agreement with the previous statement and reinforces the idea that the media environment has structural issues that prevent reasonable conversations.","questions":"What is the idea that the reinforced by turn 3 in the dialogue?","answer":"Structural"}
{"text":["Well, I think there are bad memories, and there are ghosts. And it's such an interesting place to visit. There are people who go back to that Superdome now not because they want to, but because they have to, to try and make a living. One guy I met, Raymond Smith, he has no choice but to strap a beer tray around his neck and go up and down the aisles, you know, shouting for beer during games. And he had to live through Katrina inside the Superdome. And it is not a happy memory for him in any way. It's something he suffers with. But for the rest of the community, it is also a symbol of redemption in some ways or if not redemption, reclamation.","I promise not to take this personally. World Series - two parks you'd have to go back and forth between. What would you choose?","Well, as a Yankee fan, I suppose I should say Yankee Stadium. But if the ballpark is the sole measure of where I want to be, then, unfortunately, it has to be Fenway. And, you know. . .","It takes a lot for Yankee fan to say that, right?I appreciate that.","It does. But you know what?Fenway really is a magical place. And they've done a tremendous job with their renovations. And as perfect as the symmetry might be of going back and forth between Wrigley and Fenway, I'm going to say PNC Park.","In Pittsburgh?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 :  \"In Pittsburgh?\" The literal meaning of this turn is a simple inquiry about the location mentioned by the speaker. The implicated meaning, however, suggests surprise or disbelief on the part of the speaker, as if they find it unexpected or unusual for PNC Park to be chosen as a preferred location.","questions":"What was the PersonA's preferred location for the World Series?","answer":"PNC"}
{"text":["Yeah. The numbers aren't necessarily looking his way.","No.","Glenn Thrush is the chief political correspondent of Politico. Thanks so much for being back with us.","Great to be here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Glenn Thrush is a highly respected journalist and it is an honor to have him join us.","questions":"What is Glenn Thrush's profession?","answer":"Correspondent"}
{"text":["So - but they did these kits, which also are - each one of them is a box that contain a lot of evidence that could be tested. And so yes, we have a problem in this country with rape culture. You see that going on right now. It's never been more evident than it is now - rape culture, sexual harassment culture, all of that.","And so training was also needed. Back then, when we first started, we had found police reports in some files that we pulled where police officers were writing very disparaging things about our victims - not believing them, dismissing their cases, not bothering to work on them. And so that was a part of it as well - not just the neglect, not just no money but just active rape culture in play, where they just did not care.","Based on your expertise, this is happening in a number of cities and counties. Isn't it?","Yeah. There are estimated to be over 400,000 untested abandoned rape kits in this country. And I don't know if you're familiar with Michigan Stadium right here in our state. It seats over 100,000 people. When I tell people that the amount of untested kits in this country that they're estimated to be - you can fill up the biggest college or national football stadium in the country four times. And that's if each kit represents a victim - which it does - and you think of game day at Michigan Stadium four times over, that's how many we have in this country. And that's probably a conservative estimate. It is absolutely horrible. And hopefully, it is changing, albeit very slowly."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"writing very disparaging things about our victims - not believing them, dismissing their cases, not bothering to work on them.\"","questions":"What kind of behavior was exhibited by some police officers towards the victims?","answer":"Dismissive"}
{"text":["What a coincidence. Serendipity.","Absolutely. So this is a very festive lab and we asked if they would look into this and they did, several times over, for us. And so we have the results on Video Pick of the Week is originals of our sample size of one - we should be clear - experiment into this.","Right. And you found that if you out enough - spike your eggnog enough, should we. . .","Well, yes. So you can go to our website for the recipe. But after - the key to this, and actually, we'll have - let's have Vince Fischetti, sort of, give us a little background."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They're implying that if you spike your eggnog enough, you'll get drunk.","questions":"What did PersonB suggest about eggnog in the dialogue?","answer":"Drunk"}
{"text":["Given that judges do have discretion in a lot of cases about, for example, whether or not someone can get a misdemeanor as opposed to a felony, do you think this really is effecting who's in prison right now?","Well, first, you have to realize, the first person who deals with whether there's a felony or a misdemeanor is the prosecutor. And it's prosecutorial discretion as to what they get charged with. A judge has no control over that. Now, they can work out a deal, or, in a preliminary hearing, reduce a charge or whatever. But the prosecutorial discretion is what most people don't see that tends to be skewed a great deal. So, by the time it gets to a judge, a big chasm may have already arisen about the level of charge that's been leveled on a particular individual.","Judge Toler, who's going to fix this?","We all have to fix it. And we have to fix it by being conscious of what's going on before it goes on. When I went to classes after I was elected a judge, I said, if you remember nothing else I tell you today, when you're 18, you vote. And you register to vote because it does make a difference, six votes in my race. We have to be conscious of the judges, one, and number two, I think we have to change judicial education."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Prosecutors have more power than judges in determining charges","questions":"What is the primary factor in determining charges?","answer":"Prosecutorial"}
{"text":["Well, this obviously has been a really long time in coming for the victims of the crimes in Guatemala, and for their country, as well. I think the victims who had an opportunity to testify in the trial proceedings would say that justice ultimately was not denied, as a result of this really historic outcome, that I don't think anybody expected to happen.","Why?","Well, there has been a really remarkable wave of prosecutions for former political leaders who, in days of yore, would have enjoyed a comfortable retirement and not faced any threat of prosecution. And against that history, in Latin America in particular, many former leaders and other senior officials have faced trial in the last 20 years or so. And it's been a notable phenomenon, and has provided inspiration for countries in other regions of the world, as well.","But Guatemala was the really striking holdout from this pattern. And so while one after another country was able to confront its past, not only through historical confrontations, through truth commissions and other means, but also in court. While that was happening in the region broadly, Guatemala was really almost a poster case for enduring impunity. And there were numerous efforts made over many, many years, led by Guatemalans themselves, but with a lot of support from the international community in many different ways. And despite all these efforts, Guatemala was unable, until recently, to bring past leaders to justice."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Justice has been delayed for the victims of crimes in Guatemala.","questions":"What has been a notable phenomenon in Latin America in the last 20 years?","answer":"Prosecutions"}
{"text":["Well, when it first was set up - it was set up to run international finance. And we had a very tightly regulated system of exchange rates and countries - if they wanted to change their exchange rate, had to get permission from the IMF. And so that was - I mean, that's a very powerful role. And this is all countries, this is not just poor countries. And that whole system collapsed in the early 1970s. But since then, as financial crises have proliferated, the IMF has stepped in as the principal emergency doctor for countries in trouble and it tries to figure out how the country has to change its behavior so that its finances get put on a more sustainable basis.","Where did it get its money?","The best way of thinking of the IMF is it's like a credit union that countries put deposits into the IMF, and then the IMF uses those deposits to help countries in trouble. And it's got about 400 billion of deposits and another 400 to 500 billion of borrowings. And that gives it close to a $1 trillion, which it can then apply to helping the poorer members who've got themselves into trouble.","You visited a couple of IMF missions - how popular are they in countries where they've taken a major role?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: How does the IMF have the financial resources available to help countries in trouble?","questions":"Which organization operates like a credit union and uses deposits to help countries in trouble?","answer":"IMF"}
{"text":["Hi, how are you Tony?","Fine. Congratulations to you for making some money when everybody's struggling. That's good news, isn't it?","It is. It's excellent news. It's a recession-proof business, so I'm very thankful for that.","What is it that makes it recession-proof, in your view?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Everybody isn't struggling, but enough people are to make it notable that Person A is making money.","questions":"What is the reason for Person PersonA's success?","answer":"Recession-proof"}
{"text":["Sometimes you have prosecutors who look at this situation and realize it was just this horrible, tragic mistake. Sometimes you have prosecutors who look at the situation and say, wait a minute, is there something wrong here?Could the parent have been on drugs?Was there some extenuating circumstances that led to this parent's forgetting?And, you know, the people who study this do recommend that prosecutors look into the circumstances of the death. There is always that small chance that the parent somehow was negligent or the parent had even intended to kill the child. But it is a small subset of the number of children that have died in this way, according to the people who study this.","People have invented technologies that would prevent at least some of these deaths. Why aren't they in more common use?","One of the reasons that technologies are not more in use is that nobody thinks that this is going to happen to them. And so they don't pay the extra money that it would take to install an optional technology or pay extra money for some kind of smart car seat that might send out an alert. And that's why the people who advocate for change are asking for legislation to make the installation of this kind of technology mandatory.","Apart from technological innovations, is there anything that a parent listening to this conversation could do to make sure that this doesn't happen to them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : wait a minute usually means they are taken aback by something and need to process it","questions":"How do people usually react when they say \"wait a minute\" in a conversation?","answer":"Surprised"}
{"text":["Now for a little news I could use - book recommendations. My Memorial Day weekend starts right after the show. And like most people, I'm looking for summer reads, something to put in my bag next to my SPF 100. Normally I would solicit recommendations on social media. But today I don't have to because WEEKEND EDITION books editor Barrie Hardymon joins me in studio now. Hey, Barrie.","Hi. I also have sunscreen recommendations for later if you want them.","(Laughter) First I want to start off with what I would ask you, is that my favorite kind of summer read is just the frothy page-turner, the one book that everyone's reading that HBO or Netflix is going to turn into a movie or TV show sometime next year.","You want your basic \"Gone Girl. \""],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : it does not mean \"gone Girl\" but something like \"gone girl\"","questions":"How would you describe the type of book that \"B\" is looking for?","answer":"Barrie"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me.","So first, let me ask, you know, how bad is the outbreak?How many people have died?And what did you see as you traveled into the countryside?","At the moment, there have been 600 confirmed and suspected cases according to the ministry of health. You know, the biggest worry is that the virus or the disease is spreading slowly or down south to Goma, which is the regional capital in eastern Congo. If Ebola hits Goma, then there are real fears that the crisis could spread globally because the city sits on the border with Rwanda. And it also has an international airport. And, you know, international organizations like the WHO have already started kind of contingency plans by setting up a treatment center there and vaccinating future frontline workers.","Now, as you traveled, you found that these regional militias known as the Mai-Mai were really interfering with the health workers, and the health workers sort of had to negotiate in order to be able to get to people to help them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The health workers had to use tactics to convince the Mai-Mai to let them access people in need of help.","questions":"What did the health workers have to do to access people in need of help?","answer":"Negotiate"}
{"text":["He does seem more comfortable making deals with his fellow New Yorker Chuck Schumer than he does Mitch McConnell and Paul Ryan. But Republicans in Congress almost shrugged this off this week. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell said, in his own dry way, we look forward to seeing the president's own legislative proposal. But this also does seem to be the first time in this tentative deal on the DREAMers that Donald Trump did something that could possibly alienate his base.","Well, that's a good point. I mean, what about his base?We have seen some reaction to this. What has it been?","This is splitting his base. Polls show that most Americans are sympathetic to the DREAMers. Majorities favor letting them stay, even large numbers of Republicans, but not the president's hardcore base. And we saw this week on Twitter some Trump supporters burning their Make America Great Again hats. We saw the headlines in Breitbart, the \"alt-right\" website run by his former political adviser, Steve Bannon. The headline said \"Amnesty Don. \"We're now going to find out how much of his base is what I call the Fifth Avenue voters, people who will stick with him no matter what. You know, he famously said, I could stand on Fifth Avenue and shoot someone and not lose any voters.","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The president's hardcore base does not support letting DREAMers stay","questions":"Which group of people does not support letting DREAMers stay?","answer":"Hardcore"}
{"text":["Michael Ben-Ari is his name. He has had links to the outlawed Kahane movement, which calls for expelling Palestinians. And the Supreme Court disqualified him from running in elections because of his racist statements against Arabs. His far-right party is called the Jewish Strength or the Jewish Power party, and it is still running in elections.","Oh. So this one candidate is gone, but that party is still there. Now, how does that affect Benjamin Netanyahu who you wouldn't describe necessarily as far-right but he is absolutely on the right side of the spectrum?","This actually could help Netanyahu in the polls. He has been seen as legitimizing this far-right party. He recently brokered a deal to merge the party with others on the right wing to consolidate votes and to help him win elections. His base is very fired up about the fact that this far-right candidate has been disqualified but that an Arab party is being allowed to run.","Oh, well let's talk about that very briefly, if we can, because we've heard some headlines to that effect - people on the right saying if you elect this center-left coalition, it's going to bring Arabs to power. In what way, if at all, is that true?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue suggests a veiled intention or motive behind the PersonA's words?","answer":"3"}
{"text":["Thanks, Michel.","Now, you've been reporting along the border all day. What have you seen?","Well, I was at the actual border this morning. It's a river that divides Mexico and Guatemala. And there was no presence of authorities there. So there are these inflatable rafts that carry people and goods across the river, and they were traveling without a problem across the river. So I saw several groups of migrants cross this morning. But things change as you move north on highways here.","So I'm currently at a highway checkpoint. There's about a dozen Mexican migration officers, as well as Mexican Army and Mexican police. And they're stopping every van and bus that comes by here and checking it for undocumented migrants.","So tell us a little bit more, if you would, about what happens to travelers who arrive at those checkpoints."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Authorities are not present to regulate illegal border crossings.","questions":"Which river divides Mexico and Guatemala?","answer":"River"}
{"text":["Well, you know, in my opinion, a geek is somebody who obsesses, and who tinkers and who tries to kind of take apart the world - whether that's, you know, in a literal way by disassembling things or reassembling them or in a figurative way by being a writer or a musician or something like that. And Tesla was sort of the embodiment of that. He was almost like a - sort of like a Steve Wozniak, in a way, in that he was kind of this brilliant workhorse that maybe early on was a bit naive about money. He wasn't really concerned with that. He was just concerned with seeing what he could do to the world and how he could change it.","And didn't quite get the same glory as Edison.","He did not, no. He was - he wasn't great at marketing himself, and he wasn't great at making money. He was brilliant. He was a genius, but he was not a businessman.","What does this site look like, this old lab of his?Are there things lying around like his tools, or a half-eaten bag of chips or something that could be auctioned off?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn: \"didn't quite get the same glory\" Actual meaning: Did not receive the same recognition or fame.","questions":"What was the reason Tesla did not receive the same recognition as Edison?","answer":"Marketing"}
{"text":["So a country that was bought by the United States 100 years ago - you're celebrating the centennial this year, and there are still so many other islands that are essentially controlled by European countries, as well - like the Netherlands, France and Britain - that were impacted by Irma. And we've seen a pattern in the response. How has the United States talked about it in your view?","The United States has talked about us as if we are effectively a colony, which is that we are secondary. We are perhaps secondary types of Americans. Now, we do carry American passports in the Virgin Islands, but we don't have federal representation.","We cannot vote for president for example. Our congresswoman, who - we vote for her - she cannot vote in Congress. So we really have no say. But I also think that this has to do with just the way that we are thought of in the national imagination as a place for a vacation and respite. And it's a beautiful place. The Virgin Islands is as beautiful as everybody says.","It is a gorgeous, pristine, absolutely divine place. However, it's a place where human beings also live. So, you know, when Americans travel to Europe, for example, they know that they're traveling to Europe to engage with the cultural history. When people travel to the Caribbean, they are often traveling to avoid the human beings and to just engage in the beauty of the space.","So they're in resorts. They're lying in the sun. They're drinking tropical, rum-infused drinks, but they're not necessarily there for the culture or to talk to the people who live there?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Tourists in the Caribbean often prioritize leisure over cultural experiences.","questions":"How do tourists in the Caribbean prioritize their experiences?","answer":"engage"}
{"text":["Well, they've arrested these two men. One is an official in the office of the governor of the province. The other is the president of the university. Those would seem to be two pretty prominent individuals. Does anyone know what's happened to them, where they are?","That's still murky right now. We know they've been arrested. We don't know where they're being held, and according to Iraqi officials, they've apparently been arrested on charges of committing violence, committing terrorism. We don't much - really much more than that.","So we have this day in Iraq. It begins with this pretty normal thing, a visit from a - from the leader of a neighboring country, and then this kind of a development, which doesn't sound normal at all. It leaves you kind of wondering, one step forward, one step backwards.","Sure, but, you know, what it really illustrates is how uneven the security situation in Iraq is. Sure, you're seeing signs of progress. You're seeing neighboring leaders and neighboring countries visit. You are seeing violence levels down, but there are still large parts of Iraq that could explode at any moment. And it really shows how little the security situation is in many areas."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) In turn (1), the speaker implies that the arrest of the two prominent individuals is concerning and raises questions about the current situation in Iraq.","questions":"What is the significance of the arrest of the two prominent individuals?","answer":"Significance"}
{"text":["And how did this start?","Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story. And then I would write the story. And then I would send it to him. And I'd give him a first line. And he would start a story. And he would send that back to me. And we did that. And so we decided that we'd open that up to the rest of the world.","How many stories do you typically get?","We run between 300 and 450 submissions in issue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"How did this start?\" - This turn has a literal meaning and it is asking for the beginning of something.","questions":"Which issue receives 450 submissions?","answer":"Literary"}
{"text":["And the other one is silencers or suppressors - a push to deregulate those devices. And that hasn't gone through. So the big ticket items that the NRA wants the NRA doesn't get. You mentioned at the top there this idea of strengthening background checks. I think it's important to be specific about what's under discussion there. There is bipartisan legislation. And what it would do would provide grants to the states to make sure that all of the records that show that a person is prohibited from owning a gun get into the databases that are scanned during a background check.","Mr.  Burnett, there's renewed interest on the sale of assault weapons. A ban went into effect in 1994. It expired 10 years later. Based on your reporting, what effect did that ban have?","There is some evidence - and we talk about assault - bans on assault-style weapons. What a lot of public safety experts say is the most meaningful piece of that is a restriction on how large the magazine - the ammunition magazine - that's basically how many rounds the gun can hold at one time, can be fired at one time before you have to reload.","Is there, in your mind, compelling evidence that the ban on assault weapons actually succeeded in banning assault weapons or reduced the supply or use of assault weapons and criminal activity?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"assault weapons\" - this is a term used to describe certain types of firearms that have specific features but it does not necessarily mean that the weapon is used for assault purposes.","questions":"What is the term used to describe certain types of firearms with specific features?","answer":"Firearms"}
{"text":["So first, he doesn't read French. And I was very scared. I have to tell you. The man, as you know, is very rich. And he's super well-known. And he cares about his image. And he has - you know, he can hire very good lawyers.","(Laughter).","And I was very, very scared because I wrote about his thoughts. I wrote about his sentimental life, about his sex life. You know, I'm - here I am, a woman, a heterosexual French woman, writing about a British gay artist. How do I dare?I was very, very scared - my husband, too. He thought, you know, there would be a. . .","(Laughter) You'd be bankrupt."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She was not actually scared but was worried about doing a good job.","questions":"How was her emotional state when writing about the British artist?","answer":"Scared"}
{"text":["So I've started shifting to doing a lot more interviews, which I love, and just stories about the major cases that are happening at the Supreme Court right now or that they're going to hear. And that's kind of what the other kids who've joined the blog have been doing as well. And I'm so psyched to have them on. I have five other teenagers who are all just so smart and passionate about the Court. It's been very cool to make friends who are my age who have the same kind of fanaticism that I do.","Why should young people be interested in the Supreme Court?I mean, what's your pitch to them?","High schoolers should care because the Supreme Court is enormously influential in our society. It makes decisions that affect where we can live, what rights we have when we're arrested, who we can marry, how much power a president has and so many other things, I couldn't list them on here. It really matters, so I think that high schoolers should get in the habit of paying attention, just as they might keep up with President Trump's tweets or a contentious Senate debate because it'll serve them well to be civically engaged and to know their rights.","And when you tell that to them, do they listen?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person is happy, engaged, and hopeful by having teenagers on the blog.","questions":"How would you describe the author's feelings towards having teenagers on the blog?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Well, we have shared the coordinates of health facilities, school facilities and so on for the very purpose to make sure they're protected. Sadly, several of these facilities received a direct hit. Actually, the secretary-general has called for a board of inquiry to investigate into these cases and to find out what had happened.","For us, it's a question of trust, and it's a question of protection when we say - when we give these coordinates, we expect that all parties in the conflict will respect them. And when that doesn't happen, that's really a significant problem for all and, most importantly, for the people who find themselves - that we have had incidents of ambulances receiving direct aid. Hospitals, doctors, nurses would be in the middle of an operational procedure or who had gone to this place for medical treatment and to find themselves being bombed inside the hospital or children in the school. That's something that is really totally unacceptable.","Panos Moumtzis is the United Nations humanitarian coordinator for the Syria crisis. Thanks so much for being with us, sir.","Thank you for calling me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Facilities that were supposed to be safe places were bombed. ","questions":"Which facilities were hit?","answer":"Facilities"}
{"text":["He apologized for the messages and essentially blamed the fact that he worked really long days and often used this group chat to - as he said, you know, relieve stress. That did not sit well with people, obviously. He ended up, like you said, having to ask most of his inner circle to step down. But that has not appeased anyone. The outcry and the demands for his resignation have only grown. Not only from his political opponents - also, essentially everyone within his own party here in Puerto Rico has abandoned him. And now there is talk within the legislature of beginning the process of removing him from office if he doesn't step down on his own.","And has he said that he is considering it?Or what is he saying about that possibility?","No, he's basically dug his feet in and has said he is not going to resign. He said he was, you know, elected governor by the people of Puerto Rico, feels like he has a lot of work to do and intends to continue doing it. A big question is obviously how because he has lost the confidence of everyone within his government, and no one really sees him having the capital needed to govern.","That is NPR's Adrian Florido joining us from San Juan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person in question had to ask his close associates to resign due to the controversy","questions":"What did the person in question ask his close associates to do?","answer":"CloseAssociates"}
{"text":["But the important part for the corals is that these things are wonderful eating machines. They move slowly across the reef. They actually invert their stomach onto the corals and dissolve the coral tissue, you know, digesting it as they go. And they leave (technical difficulties) white behind them as they move forward.","So they're like little bulldozers.","Yeah, it's sort of like bulldozers. It's almost more like having a wave of people with flamethrowers going through the brush. You know, the coral physically is left behind, but it's all dead.","Do they have any natural enemies that might, you know, come out and eat them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : eating machines implies to eat too much and hardly get satisfied or filled","questions":"Which term describes the way the starfish dissolve the coral tissue?","answer":"digest"}
{"text":["Really bad, bad things.","Those are very difficult things to cope with, and certainly, those are realities unfortunately for millions of Americans. There are some things that we can do things about and there are some things we can't do things about. But if we focus on how you change the way you look at it, what you do, how you communicate, clarifying and prioritizing your values, becoming part of the community, helping other people, you don't have to wait six months to do those things. You can start doing some of those things today.","You don't even have to wait till you're laid off to do these things. Let's just put that out there.","You know, it's a way of living your life that works well all the time, but it's a great set of tools to have during this particular time, the time in between jobs."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The tools mentioned aren't literally tools, they are resources or actions people can take to kelp themselves.","questions":"How are the tools mentioned in the dialogue described?","answer":"Resources"}
{"text":["No. We all hang about. That's exactly the same as \"Mrs. Brown. \"People will call you, amazed that - you know, you read all about actors who stay in character all day and hide in caves, and then only come when they're called for and get the family to behave as a fill-in character.","Well, I have found with the vast majority of those great British actors, that they stand, telling stories at the side of the set, and they're called for. And they say, oh, look. The light's one. We've got to go. And they go and get straight into character. It's like stepping into an old shoe. And it's lovely. It's - especially Judi Dench. You know, we used to just stand screaming well after and then say, right, lads. Get yourself together. Right, then, action, and we'd be into it again.","And there she's queenly again.","And then she's a queen, yeah, and I'm a scruff."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Queenly implies beauty and royalty, not being a Queen","questions":"Which word describes Judi Dench's character?","answer":"Queenly"}
{"text":["One of the stories in the collection is called \"Missed Connection-m4w\" - men for women - and it begins sort of like a Craigslist post in missed connections and then evolves from there. And you actually first published this on Craigslist. Is that right?","Yeah. What the story is about is about this guy who can't work up the nerve to talk to this woman sitting on the same train car as him. And in fact, 60 years pass where they. . .","He also can't get up and leave.","He - yeah. Well, 'cause he's paralyzed by this idea of who this woman is even though he never actually talks to her. But - so I had the idea to write this fake missed connection and just post it anonymously on Craigslist."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : paralyzed by this idea  implies being confused and weak","questions":"Which term describes the protagonist's mental state?","answer":"Paralyzed."}
{"text":["\"My first awareness of homosexuality was followed by reading James Baldwin. No reference was made to this, which I think in the context of this program would have been a reference for listeners. I appreciate some of the discussion, however a little historical perspective helps us better understand the present. \"","And finally, we got a letter about our sports blogger segment. Last week they talked about Tiger Wood's win in the U. S.  Open despite a leg injury. Tiger is now taking some time off the green. Lyn Porter (ph) in Lenni, Pennsylvania wrote us this. \"I just wanted to disagree with the comment that people who watch golf are really tuning in to see Tiger Woods. All three of us here who watch golf regularly comment that we want to see someone else have a chance to win. I think it will be interesting to see golf without Tiger. I enjoy his play and hope he recovers quickly, but I would like a little variety. \"","And that's it for letters. Thank you for writing and please keep your comments coming.","To write us just log on to npr. org and click on Contact Us. When you get there, you'll see lots of shows to choose from. Make sure you pick News & Notes when you write to us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A thinks that listeners should have been informed about James Baldwin's homosexuality in the program to understand the context better.","questions":"What was the subject of PersonA's first awareness of homosexuality?","answer":"mentioned"}
{"text":["Yeah. They considered all kinds of things. And - but they were stuck on coming up with a design that was really a wow design. So John Graham hired as a consultant a professor from the University of Washington named Victor Steinbrueck. He's known locally in Seattle as architect-activist who saved the Pike Place Market. But he was a designer, and he worked on the Space Needle design.","He got stuck. And one day, he was sitting in his home office and he saw - he had a beautiful abstract sculpture by a California artist named David Lemon, and it was feminine figure in complete abstract, reaching up to the sky with this narrow waist and then this tripod legs. And it was called \"The Feminine One. \"And he went, aha, OK, there is a unique shape for a tower.","Wow. If you have a question you want to ask Knute, get up there on our microphones and you can ask it. Where there any engineering innovations that were required to get this to be built?Anything about the revolving restaurant, anything like that?","Well, it was interesting because at that time, there were no revolving restaurants."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They had a hard time coming up with something that would amaze and impress people.","questions":"Which word describes the difficulty they faced in creating a design?","answer":"Hard"}
{"text":["Well, I think we're certainly more prepared than we were back in 2016. I think what this did is alerted our agency, as well as election officials across the country, of the dangers and the vulnerabilities that their systems may have with respect to a cyber breach. So I think it's a lesson learned. And I think cybersecurity is something that everybody is taking very seriously, as they should, and are taking steps to prevent future attacks. Many election jurisdictions are in the same position as those in Illinois - with limited funds and a massive problem with respect to maintaining cybersecurity. No system of any type can be completely impregnable. So you're facing those odds to begin with.","Are you getting the help you need?I mean, obviously, states fund this. Should the federal government step in to help?I mean, are they taking it seriously enough?And what is it that you're asking for?","Well, I think they're taking it seriously. We've received assistance from the Department of Homeland Security. With respect to funding, Congress recently appropriated approximately $380 million to the states. Illinois received about $13. 2 million. It's a start, but we feel that cybersecurity is going to be an ongoing thing. So we're hoping that more funds will be forthcoming in the years ahead.","Steve Sandvoss, executive director of the Illinois Board of Elections, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The systems are capable of being penetrated by someone.","questions":"What is the lesson learned?","answer":"Lesson"}
{"text":["Thank you so much, Scott.","Let me put this bluntly. In the 1970s, Argentina was in the grip of what was called the Dirty War. People being disappeared. Which side was man now known as Pope Francis on?","I think he was on the wrong side. I think he didn't understand the consequences of what the junta meant to do when it came to power. He had been very involved as a young man in politics. He was interested in communism.","But then he turned really to the right. He was an admirer of Juan Domingo Peron, the soft man of Argentina - to put it somehow. And he joined or was on the margins of a right-wing peronist group. And there were a lot of his priests who were very much on the left-wing side. And what happened is that he essentially failed to protect two of his most radical priests by demanding essentially that these priests leave the Jesuit order."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"He joined or was on the margins of a right-wing peronist group.\" - This is an idiomatic expression that means he was involved in or affiliated with a political group that supported the ideas of Juan Domingo Peron and his political movement.","questions":"Which political movement did Juan Domingo Peron support?","answer":"Peronism"}
{"text":["He apologized for the messages and essentially blamed the fact that he worked really long days and often used this group chat to - as he said, you know, relieve stress. That did not sit well with people, obviously. He ended up, like you said, having to ask most of his inner circle to step down. But that has not appeased anyone. The outcry and the demands for his resignation have only grown. Not only from his political opponents - also, essentially everyone within his own party here in Puerto Rico has abandoned him. And now there is talk within the legislature of beginning the process of removing him from office if he doesn't step down on his own.","And has he said that he is considering it?Or what is he saying about that possibility?","No, he's basically dug his feet in and has said he is not going to resign. He said he was, you know, elected governor by the people of Puerto Rico, feels like he has a lot of work to do and intends to continue doing it. A big question is obviously how because he has lost the confidence of everyone within his government, and no one really sees him having the capital needed to govern.","That is NPR's Adrian Florido joining us from San Juan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person in question is not willing to resign from his position despite the controversy surrounding him","questions":"What is the controversy surrounding the person mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Controversy"}
{"text":["It's a pleasure to be here. And I'm one of many people who are running the Dog Aging Project.","What do you folks hope to learn?","We're trying to create the largest long-term study of aging in dogs that anyone has ever done, with the goal of trying to understand how genes and environment determine healthy aging in dogs.","So it's not just that old rule of thumb that one year is seven years in a dog's life?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - So it's not just that old rule of thumb that one year is seven years in a dog's life? - Implied Meaning: Is there more to aging in dogs than just a general estimate of one year to seven years?","questions":"What is the old rule of thumb for aging in dogs?","answer":"Seven"}
{"text":["The section on that 1,700 mile track is relatively short, but it's absolutely searing. And it begins in a bullock cart.","That's right.","Well, tell us about it if you could.","At that time in the 1930s, that - you had the development of this tension between the Indians who had migrated there and the Burmese who were already there. And in the midst of all of that, we had other tensions that were simmering at a global level, and which eventuated in the second world war. My grandfather was living in 1941 in a town called Okpo, 108 kilometers north of Rangoon. He was running a small grocery shop, essentially."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied Meaning: Based on the speaker's tone and choice of words, there may be an underlying message or intention behind this turn that suggests they have a particular opinion or feeling about the subject being discussed. However, the meaning is not entirely clear and may be open to interpretation, leading to some level of uncertainty about whether everyone will agree on its implied meaning.","questions":"What is the underlying message or intention behind turn 3?","answer":"Opinion"}
{"text":["Now let's turn to West Africa. For more than a decade, Liberia has been struggling to recover from civil war. It has a female head of state now, and it also has big supporters in the U. S.  One of them is Bob Johnson, who founded and later sold Black Entertainment Television. Now he's building a four-star beachfront resort near Liberia's capital, Monrovia. Bob Johnson recently told me why he decided to invest millions of dollars in Liberia's economy.","It's part of a commitment I made to President Johnson Sirleaf and the people of Liberia, to help Liberia recover from some 13, 14 years of civil war. And it came about as a result of my participation, as well as President Sirleaf's participation in President Clinton's global initiative that he hosts every year in New York. And the charter is, do something, small or large, but do something. And so my something is to help Liberia.","What are we talking about in terms of the kind of money it takes to make this happen?","We are putting in approximately 12 to 13 million dollars in the construction of this hotel and the opening of the hotel, which is scheduled for March of '09. It'll be an 86-room hotel, as I said, situated on the beach, great facility for everybody from government officials and expats who want to go back and visit Liberia, as well as business people who are looking to do business in post-conflict Liberia.","So, do you expect to get a tourist crowd eventually?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The hotel is aimed at government officials, expats, and business people who want to do business in post-conflict Liberia.","questions":"What is the target audience for the hotel being built in Liberia?","answer":"Governmentofficials"}
{"text":["Well, Freedom Caucus has 40 votes. There are more than 200 House Republicans. Shouldn't you compromise with them?","Well, sure, and we're more than happy to. The way this will end up is that we will end up with a speaker that all of us support. It may be Paul Ryan. It may be somebody else. But keep in mind that the things that we're arguing for are things that most people in the conference want. One of the things that struck me since we started this debate I guess about two weeks ago now are the number of moderates and centrists in my party who have said to me, you know what?","We want the same thing. We're frustrated with this lack of process. We're frustrated with just being a rubberstamp for somebody else's idea. And I think that's why you're seeing such a difficult time replacing Mr.  Boehner is that this lack of satisfaction with the job, the lack of satisfaction with what it means to be a member of Congress runs much, much deeper than just the conservative wing of the party.","So the way you explain it, this isn't over conservative principles. It's over mundane House rules."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the speaker says \"we're more than happy to compromise with them\" but in reality, there is no indication of compromise being made or even attempted. It is more of a rhetorical statement aimed at making the speaker appear reasonable.","questions":"How does the PersonA's statement about compromise come across?","answer":"Rhetorical"}
{"text":["This was after years of drift. There is this new energy, this new vigor in this relationship, and there's also enormous excitement, Scott, over the president and the first lady returning to India. The president has this coveted seat at this dazzling display of Indian military hardware during Monday's Republic Day parade, which is actually meant to commemorate the Constitution. And he'll see in a flyover this huge U. S. -made Super Hercules lifter, a testament to the close defense ties between India and the U. S.","And is the president arriving at a time of enthusiasm in India?","Oh, he certainly is. They're here at a very heavy time. The stock market is on this bull run. It's hitting record highs. The IMF predicts that India's growth will actually outpace China's by 2016. So there's this energy here and there's this hope for improving the lives of 1. 2 billion people, but that requires a lot of change. And that's what the president won't necessarily see - the 300 million Indians who don't have electricity, the 600 million who don't have access to clean toilets.","Speaking of energy, should we expect anything concrete out of these meetings?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1)\tA:\tThis was after years of drift.There is this new energy, this new vigor in this relationship, and there's also enormous excitement, Scott, over the president and the first lady returning to India.The president has this coveted seat at this dazzling display of Indian military hardware during Monday's Republic Day parade, which is actually meant to commemorate the Constitution.And he'll see in a flyover this huge U.S.-made Super Hercules lifter, a testament to the close defense ties between India and the U.S. (2)\tB:\tAnd is the president arriving at a time of enthusiasm in India? (3)\tA:\tOh, he certainly is.They're here at a very heavy time.The stock market is on this bull run.It's hitting record highs.The IMF predicts that India's growth will actually outpace China's by 2016.So there's this energy here and there's this hope for improving the lives of 1.2 billion people, but that requires a lot of change.And that's what the president won't necessarily see - the 300 million Indians who don't have electricity, the 600 million who don't have access to clean toilets. (4)\tB:\tSpeaking of energy, should we expect anything concrete out of these meetings?  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.","questions":"Which country is the focus of the President's visit?","answer":"India"}
{"text":["So what I've heard today is that the attack that was feared has begun. The Kurds are already moving people to try to defend their positions against the Turkish tankers. And that raises the problem that worries me most, which is that the ISIS prisoners who are being held are - about 11,000 of them, I'm told - could begin to escape, posing a whole new security problem for the U. S.  and all of its allies.","I'm going to talk about the implications of that in a bit. But first, I want to walk through some of the various players in this conflict and their objectives. First, Turkey - what do they hope to gain from this move?","Turkey has said for many months now that it wants a security corridor in northern Syria. It has deep animosity toward the Syrian Kurdish group known as the YPG, which it says is part of the PKK. Forgive all the initials. But these are - they're Kurdish nationalist groups, and the Turks claim that they're terrorists, that they've attacked and killed Turks. So they want the security corridor.","The problem is that the Turks, in trying to take the zone, risk destabilizing an area where security was won at great cost by the Syrian Kurdish militia known as the Syrian Democratic Forces, aided by U. S.  Special Forces. So there's fear that this area will just descend into chaos quickly as the Turkish troops come in."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People are not playing a game but taking part in a military conflict.","questions":"What kind of conflict is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["The report we got yesterday on jobs was not the greatest, but it wasn't bad. Unemployment rate still at 3. 7%; that's historically low. The numbers were a little soft. We also heard the Federal Reserve Board chairman say he doesn't foresee a recession right away. And yet, the markets closed mixed, and the sentiment is still that the overhanging shadow of the trade war is the main issue on the mind of the markets and of businesses looking forward.","And finally, the president's self-inflicted controversy over whether he was told Alabama was threatened by a hurricane - and he used his own Sharpie to alter a map - seems to be lasting longer than the storm.","Oh, I wish it would. This began as a simple mistake, with the president warning and frightening people who were not in danger. So it was corrected right away by the weather service and could have been forgotten by now. Instead, the president has insisted on reviving it and doing so daily.","The latest is a statement from the parent agency of the National Weather Service saying the forecasters in Alabama were wrong to reassure the people of that state and correct the president last weekend. Weather forecasters in and out of government, in and out of Alabama, all rallying to the defense of the weather service forecasters there. All the data and the videotape confirm that. The parent agency in the White House have not responded to questions about this latest twist in the ongoing saga."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The numbers are not completely confirmed and memories of the trade war are what people are thinking about.","questions":"How was the sentiment of the markets and businesses affected?","answer":"Mixed"}
{"text":["(Through interpreter) I realized that an Indigenous woman had never been a part of Miss Panama before. When I decided to enter the competition and all of Panama realized that I was Indigenous, many people discriminated against me. This made me reflect and say, OK.  Now that I'm here, I have the opportunity to change their thinking, so I wanted to promote my culture. I decided to wear my cultural dress, the nagua, and demonstrate to the whole world how much Indigenous culture is worth in our country.","And speaking of discrimination, when you were running for Miss Panama, a rumor surfaced that you were actually from Venezuela. And you had to prove that you grew up on the comarca, the implication, I guess, being that someone as beautiful as you couldn't be Indigenous. That must have been painful.","(Through interpreter) Yes, of course. Yes. They made a fake passport saying I was Venezuelan, that my dad was European, that I wasn't even Indigenous. It hurt me because, for my whole life, I've just tried to be who I am. And because of this rumor, I had to prove my citizenship so that the country would know that I am actually Panamanian. There were so many accusations, and I had to defend myself in one way or another.","You've spoken both at the United Nations and the Organization of American States. And you told the ambassadors and officials there that Indigenous people in the Americas are considered inferior, uneducated, are discriminated against. How has your community experienced that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She probably did not literally say \"OK\" etc. The implication is simply that she thought these types of things and decided to act upon them.","questions":"Which word in turn 0 implies that the speaker did not express their thoughts literally?","answer":"OK"}
{"text":["We're playing the waiting game. We had a submarine try to break loose on us in Muskogee, and it's a completely unique problem. When you talk to the state emergency management officials, they don't know how to handle a World War II submarine.","So let's paint a picture for people listening, trying to imagine what you are able to see. Usually, the Batfish, which is how many feet long?","Three hundred eleven feet long.","Normally, it sits in the middle of a big kind of lawn - meadow. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Batfish is not on water but on land.","questions":"How is the Batfish positioned?","answer":"Lawn"}
{"text":["Right. I don't think we're at the stage of a full sectarian civil war, but we're certainly moving in the direction of greater sectarianism. The government is pushing this to some extent by doing some ethnic cleansing of villages where there's mixed Alawites and others, and they want to get the Sunnis mostly out.","Should they need to retreat to those regions, they want them fully Alawite.","Well, that's one theory. I think the idea of an Alawite state, where Assad and the Alawites can retreat, is not realistic, it wouldn't work, it wouldn't last. But they have to work out some kind of system, ultimately, where all Syrians can live together, which is how they've always done it.","You don't have a history of sectarian tensions in Syria like you do in some other countries. But you never also had a history of real democracy either. So they've never had a chance to work out a democratic system for power-sharing. The Iraqis are going through the same thing right now, huge demonstrations by Sunnis against the Shiite-led government. The Kurds are more or less on their own in the North."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to move in direction in this context means to change something","questions":"Which word in the dialogue suggests that the government is forcing certain ethnic groups out of mixed villages?","answer":"ethnic"}
{"text":["It was absolute - you're absolutely correct. Our time is out, but I'm going to ask you about this before I let you go. Talking about perfect performances, two people strolled in to New York's Madison Square Garden and lit up the Knicks back to back, Kobe Bryant 61 on one night and LeBron James, I think, it was 52 the next night and a triple double.","All I can say is thank god for the Knicks.","And, you know what?And the Knicks are even actually better than they were before and then they still let people come in there and just spank them like crazy.","That's what we do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Knicks come in and let people do better than they do at basketball.","questions":"Which team?","answer":"Knicks"}
{"text":["That's even better than the Dwight Clark catch in the - with San Francisco 49ers.","Yeah. Yeah. Oh, yeah. Absolutely. I mean, you know, last year you had, you know, (unintelligible) catching, you had the miracle catch you know by a throw. . .","By David Tyree. But that was kind of a weird that was - the helmet catch, you're talking about.","The helmet catch (laughing). But this was just - I mean, it was perfect, Tony. It was perfect form, the toes and - had it been a millisecond higher, he wouldn't have been able to get anything down. I just think that from Roswell Berger's(ph) throw and hosing the ball, the extra tenth of a second, it - right now that's the most perfect ending play in Super Bowl history."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The ball that was thrown was caught and it could only have been a miracle due to how and when in the game it was thrown.","questions":"What catch is being compared to the Dwight Clark catch in the dialogue?","answer":"David"}
{"text":["I had always written about my mother. I started writing in college in a creative writing class. And some of the first stories I wrote were talking about different disagreements that we had. But what was important was the kind of larger struggles that were embodied in those arguments. I just published an essay about the conception of this book, and I talk about the issue of hair and how the struggle of hair between black mothers and black daughters is fraught with all of these racial tensions that are basically absorbed from the larger culture.","So I had always written about my mother as a way to write about these larger issues and about immigration and gender and motherhood. And during the time that my mother's health took a turn for the worse, I was a grad student at Columbia in their MFA program. And actually, it was the last day of school. And we had our graduation ceremony. And I found out that my mom was, you know, had a few months to live.","So I pretty immediately - because I was done with school - packed my things up. I quit the job that I had and moved back to Philadelphia and basically spent the last six months with her. It was, you know, it's an around-the-clock job. It's very draining. And at the end of the day, the only thing I had time to write were basically one paragraph or sometimes a sentence - reflections. And I just started collecting them in this folder. And I didn't tend to do anything with them, but they all started to fit together in this large story.","I want to have you read from one of those vignettes, Page 31."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"larger struggles that were embodied in those arguments\" Actual meaning: The arguments between the speaker and their mother were about more significant issues. Non-literal meaning: None.","questions":"Which page number does PersonB ask PersonA to read from?","answer":"31"}
{"text":["Hey, Tony. Is it - has it really been six years?","Yes, it has, 2002.","Oh, my gosh.","We began under the Tavis Smiley banner, you and I and a few other folks.","Oh, yeah.","You know, you were the chair of the U. S.  Civil Rights Commission, and one of the things I wanted to get you to talk about, to help put this in perspective for people, is how media and policies are - our roles have changed dramatically, I think, since that time, particularly as it relates to having a new president in the White House, who just today, as I was noticing, as he was getting on the helicopter to leave the White House to go to Air Force One to come to California, held an impromptu news conference and took a few questions. And one was from a black reporter, and that's not something that we would maybe have seen six years ago."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They started or met during something regarding Tavis Smiley.","questions":"What event brought PersonA and PersonB together?","answer":"Banner"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION, from NPR News. I'm Linda Wertheimer.","Wisconsin Congressman Paul Ryan is Mitt Romney's choice to be the next vice president. Mitt Romney's campaign made the announcement earlier this morning, calling the ticket America's Comeback Team. Romney and Ryan are expected to appear together, for the first time as a ticket, at an event in Virginia later this morning. And we will be broadcasting that event when it happens.","But for more on the choice, we're joined by NPR's Ari Shapiro, who is with the Romney campaign. Good morning, Ari.","Hi, Linda. We're just in line waiting to get into the motorcade to head to this event here in Norfolk.","Now, these scenes - set the scene for us. As is going to be quite a, I guess, a made-for-TV kind of an announcement.","Totally. It's going to be aboard a ship called the USS Wisconsin - perhaps a coincidence that Paul Ryan represents the State of Wisconsin in the House of Representatives. As you say, the comeback team, the two of them are going to appear for the first time as the ticket together, having campaigned quite a lot earlier together in the process, especially in the Wisconsin primaries, where they just had a great rapport - better, in many people's opinion, than any of the other surrogates."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the listener is being asked to visualize the scene of the Romney-Ryan announcement. However, the actual meaning is that the event is being presented as a carefully planned media spectacle designed to generate excitement and favorable media coverage.","questions":"Which event is being presented as a carefully planned media spectacle?","answer":"Romney-Ryan-announcement"}
{"text":["What happens to a city when a whole bunch of its residents get really rich really quickly?A lot of people in San Francisco are worried about that right now. The city's in the middle of a tech IPO boom. Lyft and Pinterest went public earlier this year. Stock in Uber begins trading tomorrow. Other big names plan to follow. And that means thousands of new millionaires in a city that's already one of the least affordable in the country. This week, Gordon Mar, who serves on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, proposed a new payroll tax targeting IPOs. He says the tech boom of the past decade has been good for San Francisco, but there are downsides.","We've seen growing traffic congestion and gridlock on our streets due to the huge influx of new workers here in our city. We've seen a growing housing crisis, housing affordability crisis, to the point where the median rent right now for a one-bedroom apartment is $3,500 a month.","Unbelievable.","Yeah. And then sort of related to this, our homelessness crisis - tens of thousands of our community members continue to live unsheltered on the streets due just to the growing economic divide here in our city."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Unbelievable\" is an interjection commonly used to express surprise or disbelief. In this context, it is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as an expression of shock or disbelief in response to the high rent prices mentioned in turn 2.","questions":"Which word is commonly used as an interjection to express surprise or disbelief in response to the high rent prices mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Unbelievable"}
{"text":["Yeah, it is. And there are also quite a few international news networks just outside the courtroom. But you see, the press are allowed in the courtroom. And for myself, I work for the news agency, and we are actually writing down everything that's said in the courtroom and publishing that. So you can't really film or you can't broadcast on television or - and on the radio, but in print and on the Web, everything is published basically.","And what has been the reaction of those who survived the attack and those who are related to the victims?","They've been very calm. They've been - I don't know - there were many speculations in advance what could happen during a trial like this because you should see that 77 deaths in Norway is more than twice the annual death rate and the murder rate in Norway. So 77 victims in one day is something we haven't really thought in our wildest dreams could ever happen. So the - I think the expectations were quite - anything could happen, but what's happened in reality is everything has been very calm. The victims and their families are in the courtroom and in, actually, 17 different courtrooms around the country watching the trial. But it has been very calm in very respectful way of - I mean, how the trial has gone so far.","And what will they do to mark the anniversary?","Actually, I don't know. There's been a lot of speculations, but one thing is certain, it will be all over the country. There will be the - what you say, markings, but how, we don't know yet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They never had wild dreams about it but mean that 77 victims is more than anyone would have ever thought would happen.","questions":"How were the expectations for the trial?","answer":"calm"}
{"text":["So you had to come prepared to tell a good yarn, tell a good story or something.","Yeah, well, a good science is a good story. We're all storytellers, you know, all of us, from the novelist to the artist trying to say something new and take us in a new direction on canvas to scientists who have discovered something. And when they discover something, they want to tell a story. They want to fill out and explain to others why, where it came from, what's happening, what kind of a process is going on and where is it going to lead?","And you talk about it - and there is a chapter that I think it's entitled \"I Never Change. \"And you are - does that mean you stay true to yourself, or you wear the badge of being a free thinker?","I - well actually I became, like so many kids, fascinated by insects when I was about nine years old. And, you know, it's a saying, every kid has a bug period. I never grew out of mine, and thank heavens I didn't. I usually spent a lot of time alone. We traveled a lot; I was an only child."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : You are a free thinker and that is very obvious to everyone you meet.","questions":"How would you describe the perception of others towards PersonA's personality?","answer":"Free"}
{"text":["And, of course, it's irresistible to point out Franklin Roosevelt, who, as you rightly point out, is considered one of our greatest presidents, still put Japanese-American citizens in internment camps. Lincoln, our greatest president by universal acclamation, crushed civil liberties in many areas to prosecute the war. Are you just focusing on what Buchanan did wrong?","Look, nobody's perfect, of course. And, of course, one of the things I like to point out in the book is that Buchanan had some good traits, too. He wasn't just some evil jerk. He was the greatest party giver in mid-19th century America. He - even though he hated Douglas, there's nothing I could find in any of his papers where he bad-mouthed anybody.","He was a very civil guy. And so people liked him. So that's a plus, I would say. But his negatives was he had no knowledge of how to lead in any case. He waffled when we really needed him - the lead-up to the Civil War. And this was a really crucial time. And he really blew it.","Robert Strauss - his book, \"Worst. President. Ever. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) Implied meaning: Are you suggesting that despite the good things Franklin Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln did, they were still wrong for certain actions? ","questions":"How did PersonA describe Buchanan's personality?","answer":"Civil"}
{"text":["Yes. It's - there's a sovereignty aspect to that long-standing confrontation. You know, both sides have been pitied against each other for a long time. The new leader, Park Geun-hye, has made it clear - has been quite explicit actually about naming human rights as an issue that would have to be dealt with in North Korea. But she's also reaching out a hand and is likely to offer opportunities for dialogue with North Korea as a way of stabilizing the inter-Korean security relationship.","Stabilizing that relationship means, of course, leaving all those millions of people in North Korea in, well, dire conditions.","Well, that's true in the sense that Park is not pursuing the alternative of total confrontation. At the same time, you know, the one thing that I think seems to be clearer up to now is that none of the countries have been willing to risk that sort of military confrontation in order to drive external change in North Korea.","Has China, the most influential outside force in North Korea, has China handled the new leader more warmly or more distantly than his father?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The stabilization of inter-Korean security relationship will not improve the dire conditions of North Koreans.","questions":"What is the consequence of stabilizing the inter-Korean security relationship?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Look. The president attaches himself personally to stories. In terms of numbers, he touts a lot of numbers there. We tend to forget that even under Obama, three American hostages were returned from North Korea. Hostages from Iran returned. There were a lot of them. Except that never before had the president personalized it.","That's Mickey Bergman, vice president of the Richardson Center for Global Engagement. He was kind enough to join us here in our studios in Washington, D. C.","Mr.  Bergman, thank you for joining us.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : joining us implies being part of a program or activity and not referring to mixing or attaching people together ","questions":"How does joining us imply participation in a program or activity?","answer":"Program"}
{"text":["Well, let's talk about kind of the overview. So the goal of the ACA was to help the 37 million uninsured out there. And, yes, uninsurance rates have gone down dramatically or at historic lows. But I think a lot of things were unforeseen.","And the way some of the regulations were implemented are actually harming rural America and not fulfilling the ultimate goals of the ACA. And what I mean by that is half of those 37 million - the goal was to expand Medicaid and get those folks into a Medicaid program. We know that a lot of states have taken the Supreme Court up on its option of opting out of Medicaid. That has predominantly hurt rural America.","In fact, if you're a rural state, if you're a poor state, more likely than not, you have not expanded Medicaid. So we're seeing millions of folks left behind at that. Our concern is that since the ACA was passed, we've had an escalation of rural hospitals close. We've had 80 rural hospitals close since 2010. If this rate continues, in less than 10 years' time, we're going to have 25 percent of rural hospitals close within less than a decade.","Do you have any concern about the Congress repealing the Affordable Care Act - what's called Obamacare - without a replacement?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the implementation of the ACA has not achieved its goals as intended, as evidenced by the fact that many states have opted out of Medicaid, leaving many people uninsured and leading to an increasing number of rural hospital closures.","questions":"How has the implementation of the ACPersonA affected rural hospitals?","answer":"Closures"}
{"text":["(Laughter) I have no idea. I know that the pope - his five most famous words may be - who am I to judge?- which is about gay people. And I know that he has gay friends. You know, one of the people that he met with during his papal visit in the United States was a gay friend and his partner. So he's open to what he calls a culture of encounter and accompaniment. He's certainly in favor of listening to people and meeting them where they are. And so on that page, you know, we agree.","You suggest in a couple of sections of the book that there must be priests who are LGBT, but they are faithful to their vows of chastity.","Yeah, I know them. And, you know, by saying that a priest is gay, it doesn't mean that he's breaking his promise of celibacy or his vow of chastity or, you know, lesbian nuns. And one of the challenges for the church is to recognize these people and to see them as the gifts that they are as all LGBT people are to the church. They are gifts, beloved children of God who bring certain gifts and certain talents to our church, to the community.","Father James Martin - his book, \"Building A Bridge: How The Catholic Church And The LGBT Community Can Enter Into A Relationship Of Respect, Compassion, And Sensitivity\" - thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The actual meaning, however, is that the speaker is expressing agreement with the pope's approach and support for creating an inclusive and accepting environment for gay individuals within the Catholic Church.","questions":"What approach does the speaker express agreement with in turn 0?","answer":"Approach"}
{"text":["Well, it's interesting. What you find in the data is that Trump did very well among self-described evangelicals. But he did far better among self-described evangelicals who don't regularly attend church. Cruz destroyed him amongst evangelicals who go to church regularly.","And what's also important about that is there's a lot of evidence that white Americans who don't regularly attend church do worse economically and are much more pessimistic about the state of the country. And that's also what Trump tapped into, this sense of deep pessimism about the state of the country. And that pessimism is greater among Americans who don't regularly attend religious services.","And you just - according to your article, you don't see this in just one side of the political divide, do you?","No. What's interesting is that the same divide you see between Ted Cruz and Donald Trump voters, you also saw between Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton voters. So if you look at white Democrats, white Democrats who went to church were much more - religious institutions at all - much more likely to be Hillary Clinton supporters. Bernie Sanders much more likely to win the votes of those who did not regularly attend religious institutions."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is implying that the same divide between religious people and non-religious people is present across the political spectrum, not just within one party.","questions":"What is the PersonA's implication about the political spectrum and religious people?","answer":"Present"}
{"text":["As you alluded to, the printing of the census has begun, without the citizenship question. Isn't that a logistical hurdle, a financial hurdle to this going forward?","So the Justice Department represented in court that the forms had to start printing on July 1, and they in fact started printing. So what would have to happen if the citizenship question were added is the printing would stop, they'd have to junk all those forms, and they'd be behind. The plaintiffs had argued in some of the cases, well, we could really start printing as late as October in order for it to be in time. It would be yet another reversal by the government if they took the position, yeah, now we agree with the plaintiffs; the printing can happen later.","Rick Hasen is a professor of law and political science at the University of California, Irvine. Thanks for speaking with us.","Thank you, and happy July 4."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when something is referred to as a hurdle in this context it means its something that stands in the way of getting something done","questions":"What did the plaintiffs suggest in some of the cases regarding the printing of the census?","answer":"October"}
{"text":["And how do you do that?","Well, on the behavioral side, that means helping them go from being in this setting to open air and open - eventually open water. We would take them through a very careful process of getting used to the transport units, getting used to being on a crane and in a truck and then in a tank on the dock. Eventually, they might even take drives around Baltimore to get used to the idea that they're going to be mobile since they've have not done that before.","The other aspect is the physiological adaptation, and that's a very complex and laborious process. Every - all living organisms have a microbiome associated with them. That's all the microorganisms that live around us and on us - bacteria, fungus, spores, larvae, et cetera. Dolphins do too and, in fact, in seawater, it's quite present. And the water that they live in now, which is man-made saltwater, it's fairly sterile. And of course, the ocean is not sterile.","So we will go through a long process, once we've selected a site, that will begin to integrate that water into the water they live in here so that eventually, when they leave here, they will be in water that almost completely matches the water that they'll be moving to.","I gather, Mr.  Racanelli, you've known dolphins, worked with them in a sense, since you were a teenager."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The process of helping dolphins adjust to open water involves introducing them to the same types of microorganisms they would find in the ocean, which is much more diverse than the sterile saltwater they live in.","questions":"How does the process of helping dolphins adjust to open water involve introducing them to what?","answer":"Microorganisms"}
{"text":["Abby Wambach was a major soccer star - two Olympic gold medals, the all-time highest goal score among women and men internationally, global recognition. But when Barnard College, the all-women's school in New York City, asked her to give its commencement address last year, she felt underqualified. So she poured her heart into her speech and decided to turn it into a rallying cry for women.","That hard work paid off. Her speech went viral, and she's now turned it into a book about leadership for people everywhere. It's called \"WOLFPACK: How To Come Together, Unleash Our Power, And Change The Game. \"Abby Wambach is with us from Colorado Public Radio to talk about some of the leadership lessons in her new book.","Abby, welcome to the show.","Wow. That was that was maybe the best introduction that I've gotten. . ."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Abby Wambach appreciated the introduction she received on the show. Literal meaning: Abby Wambach thought that the introduction she received was very good.  Implicated meaning: There is no implied meaning in this turn. The meaning is literal.","questions":"Which feeling did Abby Wambach express about the introduction she received on the show?","answer":"Appreciated"}
{"text":["Quite a bit. They know nothing is going to happen unless Washington can help some way. That's why they want to hear the president come here and talk about people like them. And I guess I want to make it clear that nobody really wants a handout here. That's not what this is about. Nobody wants the president to come in and somehow bail out Elkhart. What we want is a chance to get back to work.","So, what is the big industry there?I've read that RVs are a big industry.","This place is commonly referred to as the RV capital of the world and, they build RVs; they build trailers; they build auto parts here. Basically, this is a place that makes stuff, and we can make virtually anything. And if this economy does shift to a green economy, if we start developing green energy sources, we can make the parts necessary to make that happen.","So, if you have a 60,000 population there and 16,000 people are out of work, that's nearly a third.","Mm-hmm. The county is bigger than 60,000, of course, and the county is. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Nobody wants to be helped when they can help themselves.","questions":"How does Elkhart want to be helped?","answer":"Chance"}
{"text":["So if we're negotiating in public, we're not really negotiating at all.","That's correct. What we're doing is playing chicken, all kinds of games with each other. It's just a mess. You know, whenever you get to the entitlements, and so everybody knows, I'm out of the Senate three years and a half, but I was there for 36 years, and much of my work was budgeting. If I were there, I would be right in the middle of this. You would have been hearing from me for the last two years, and you'd be tired of my voice.","And you, Neal, would have had me on so many times, you would have said I don't want you anymore.","Well, I doubt that, Senator."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning is that they are playing games with each other. The actual meaning is that they are engaged in political posturing and not serious negotiation.","questions":"Which word describes the type of negotiation they are engaged in?","answer":"Posturing"}
{"text":["You have to remember that this issue of sexual abuse has almost been, you know, an unspoken thing in British society. And really we don't have many tools for it. There are no public information campaigns, sex education is pretty poor, we don't have the tools available. We probably can't arrest our way out of this problem as one, you know, expert told me. We just have refused as a society to take it seriously, and we're surprised because when we look, we find.","Recognizing that there's a sanctified legal process that has to proceed, has anyone been disciplined for what sounds like pretty gross abuse and neglect?","No. And that is a big problem. The Council officials are saying there's not enough evidence or there's not a finger of blame being pointed at any individuals and no individual should resign - its collective. I mean, this is part of the problem of this process is that we don't actually have anybody taking the fall, taking the rap. And, you know, they've put themselves in positions where they're not liable to know the facts. The consequences of that just build up through the years. But you started off with 90 kids in this situation, you ended up with 1,400 kids being left to, you know, the worst kind of abuse.","Randeep Ramesh, who is social affairs editor for The Guardian newspaper. Thanks very much for speaking with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"We probably can't arrest our way out of this problem\" - This turn means that relying solely on the criminal justice system to solve the problem of sexual abuse is not enough. The literal meaning of the sentence would be that arresting people is not a viable solution.","questions":"How is relying solely on the criminal justice system to solve the problem of sexual abuse described in the dialogue?","answer":"Insufficient"}
{"text":["But I understand the point that you're making. She drill - she drilled that into. . .","You know what I'm saying?She drummed that - she drilled that into us. . .","There you go.","One blow, you go. You don't examine; you don't wonder. You run, and you come home, and then we talk from there. And that needs to be - you have to have a line in the sand that is clearly drawn from a young age. And I don't think that happened."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : line in the sand refers to having boundaries about what is acceptable and what is not ok","questions":"How does PersonA suggest addressing the issue from a young age?","answer":"Repetition"}
{"text":["I know I'm going to get emails, perhaps you too, from people who say, look, I am an agnostic or an atheist really specifically because I thought organized religion had a hand in racializing in our society and a history with slavery and has not had a good effect on U. S.  history.","Sure. I'm not in any way suggesting in this article that I'm telling people that they need to go to religious services. I do think we know that civic connection more broadly tends to help people weather difficulties in their lives. There are many other ways other than doing it through religious institutions.","It just happens that the church has been probably the most central form of civic engagement that Americans have had. And so when Americans disengage from church, for many of them that essentially becomes de facto disengaging from any civic institution. It's not like they're replacing church with some other form of civic institution that might fill some of that same function.","Peter Beinart of The Atlantic. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  the literal meaning is that the host is thanking the guest for being with them. However, the actual meaning is that the host is ending the interview and thanking the guest for participating.","questions":"What was the purpose of turn 3 in the dialogue?","answer":"Ending"}
{"text":["The resignation of Michael Flynn as national security adviser came after leaks from anonymous sources inside the intelligence community. Anonymous sources have always been a source of tips for reporters, but they've been especially prominent in the first days of the Trump administration. Last night, President Trump called the American news media the enemy of the people. NPR's David Folkenflik joins us. David, thanks for being with us.","Always.","When The Washington Post broke this story, they cited nine current and former officials and said they spoke on condition of anonymity. What kind of editorial decision-making goes in to having a report like this appear?","You can be sure that this rocketed up to the very top of the news hierarchy at a newsroom like The Post. Just the very fact that they took nine sources that they clearly went out of their way to try to check, cross-check, double-check and question what they were about to report that the stakes were that high, that the ramifications of what they were going to report would be so significant that they were going to take this very seriously indeed. And I think you can see that by the solidity of the reporting as far as we know so far. And I think that's also a reflection of how uncertain this story has been to date. You know, if - you may remember before the election, The New York Times had reported that the FBI had found that there were no signs of, you know, such contacts. And I think on this subject, there's a care being given by The Post, by The Times and by other serious news organizations."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This question implies that a lot of thought and care went into the decision to publish the story.","questions":"Which decision-making process was reflected in the publishing of the story?","answer":"Thoughtful"}
{"text":["The auto industry is perhaps the most prevalent of family businesses in Michigan. It's not uncommon for several generations of a family to work with the same carmaker. Alex Marinica is a junior at Wayne State University in Detroit. His father spent 20 years working for Chrysler. Alex, your dad recently took a buyout from Chrysler. What was behind his decision?","Well, I mean, obviously, it was a very hard decision to make. He'd been at the company for many, many years, and he really, really love working there. He thought maybe it was time to move on to some other things.","If you don't mind my asking about your career aspirations. . .","Sure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Alex's father took a buyout from Chrysler despite his love for working there, indicating that the company was likely going through a difficult period. (Literal meaning: Alex's father left Chrysler simply because he wanted to try something new.)","questions":"What was the reason for Alex's father taking a buyout from Chrysler?","answer":"Move"}
{"text":["Correct. It was one of the first ones to come out like that, and so I had no idea it was different from any other game. I just thought it was another game. And he, within three months of playing it, he started - it started affecting his real life negatively. He lost his job. He got evicted from his apartment. By the way, he was 20 years old when he started playing this, so he was an adult. But very quickly it showed negative effects. His personality changed. He started becoming a different person. He became withdrawn, antisocial, depressed. His focus became gaming, and he no longer was concerned about his real life or his future.","When you think about your son, do you think that there were other underlying issues, whether it was depression or some other condition, that caused him to be susceptible to this?I mean, how do you balance that thought out?","I agree with that 100 percent. He had ADD, and from my experience, since 2002, probably 99 percent of the gamers that we've talked to who have problems with gaming have ADD. It seems to make them more susceptible.","Attention deficit."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Video games can have negative effects on real life.","questions":"What was the age of the person who started playing the game?","answer":"20"}
{"text":["Of, you know, as climate change or renewable energy, things like that. The choice is not even offered on the sheet of things that you - that is on your radar screen.","Yeah. Well, this is actually a really important point, is that when you look at - and I'll just come back to media coverage as an example. You know, for most people, this is an issue that's invisible. I mean, you can look out your window right this moment, and there's CO2 pouring out of tailpipes, out of smokestacks, out of buildings, but you can't see it, and likewise you can't see the impacts unless you know where to look. In fact, the only way most Americans even know about this issue is because of what they've learned about it in the media. They're not reading the peer-reviewed literature. They don't know scientists personally. They're learning about it through the media. And when the media doesn't report this issue, it's literally out of sight and out of mind.","Mm-hmm. Is there a difference between the national poll you conducted and registered voters?Do they have different opinions about it?","No. In fact, that's exactly what we did in this study, is that we asked people, are you registered to vote?And we only looked at those Democrats, Republicans and independents who are registered because, obviously, those are the people who will actually walk into the voting booth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The lack of media coverage can make climate change an invisible issue for most Americans.","questions":"How can media coverage affect the visibility of climate change as an issue for most Americans?","answer":"Invisible"}
{"text":["Well, I was abused by a priest when I was a child. And it caused me a great deal of difficulty with my life afterwards. I had a lot of problems with anxiety and depression.","How old were you when it happened?","I had just turned 13. I was in a children's hospital. And the priest who assaulted me was the Catholic chaplain of the hospital. And he also took indecent photographs, which had a lasting effect on me.","You were one of two sexual abuse survivors on the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors. Yet you resigned March 1. Can you tell us why?","I did because I accepted the appointment to the commission in the hope that the church was really beginning to show, you know, a sincere wish to change. And after three years, I resigned on some specific issues. But, basically, it was the resistance from some quarters in the Vatican to actually change.","Does it surprise you that someone as high up as Cardinal Pell has been accused?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"resistance from some quarters in the Vatican\" - This phrase implies that there are factions within the Vatican that are opposing change, rather than a physical space within the Vatican.","questions":"How does the phrase \"resistance from some quarters in the Vatican\" suggest the opposition to change?","answer":"factions"}
{"text":["It's very interesting. I find it funny, though, because I found in America, you - mixed-race people are categorized as black until you achieve success. You know, like they wait for you to achieve success before they give you the black standard. That's the upgrade. Before then they say you're mixed. You achieve success and you get upgraded to black. And all the famous mixed people do it. Before they all were mixed. You know, like, you know, all those singers - Alicia Keys, Mariah Carey - they go, oh, you know, mixed, and then they become famous, they go black singers. Tiger Woods is a black golfer although he's mixed. He doesn't even refer to himself as black, you know?","And the most famous person is Barack Obama, mixed half and half, but you say America's first black president. But when he was running, they called him the mixed candidate, you know, which is very interesting for me. You see how the dynamic goes. And then now you get people going, oh well, he's not black enough. I go, what is black enough?What is, you know, it's a very interesting thing. And as a mixed-race child, I know, growing up in a world where people always say that to me, oh, you're not black enough. And they'll never say you're not white enough though. White is never an option.","We wish you success enough to be called black.","Thank you very much. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) has an actual meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning of \"We wish you success enough to be called black\" is simply wishing someone success, but the implicated meaning may suggest that the speaker believes being \"black\" is a higher status, and that success is only achieved when one is considered \"black\" by society. It implies a commentary on the social construct of race and how success is tied to it.","questions":"How does the statement \"We wish you success enough to be called black\" relate to the social construct of race?","answer":"Status"}
{"text":["So we just had midterm elections, as you know, and people really said health care is an important issue to them. And, you know, that's not a surprise. But lots of Republicans were running ads during this midterm, saying that they were the ones who are going to protect people's health care and, specifically, protect people with pre-existing conditions, which is one of those more sensitive issues around the Affordable Care Act. People want to make sure that if they're sick, they can get insurance.","But in this lawsuit, these Republican attorneys general specifically argue that the pre-existing condition protections had to be struck down when that mandate went away. So now you have Republicans sort of trying to play both sides, which is going to be difficult.","And then there's one other point that, you know, I think a lawyer made to me last night. Congress, in 2017, voted multiple times on whether to repeal the Affordable Care Act, and they didn't do it. And now this judge has gone in and done it by himself. And one lawyer called this a breathtaking act of judicial activism.","In the end, if the Affordable Care Act goes away, if it's abolished, what can we expect to happen?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Republican politicians are trying to both protect and remove pre-existing condition protections","questions":"What is the issue that Republicans are trying to play both sides on?","answer":"Pre-existingconditions"}
{"text":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Karodzic's brother's mistake ultimately led to his capture.","questions":"How did Karodzic get caught?","answer":"Capture"}
{"text":["Well, what Bill Lockyer, the State Treasurer is telling us, and what the governor is telling us is that we are in real trouble right now. Lockyer has said that we will not be able to meet payroll by the end of this month unless something is done to unfreeze the credit markets and the state is credit worthy.","I mean, it's the eight largest economy in the world. But they've been unable to obtain the normal short-term financing to meet cash flow needs. And when the state runs out of money that means that cities and counties and school districts also run out of money.","Has the state ever had to do this before, go to the federal government and say we need money now, help us?","I think this is unprecedented and certainly the state ordinarily would be solving their cash flow needs out of the regular market, not from the federal government. And what the governor is saying is that he would be asking the federal government to serve that role for the state of California."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The state of California is in financial trouble and may not be able to pay its employees or meet its financial obligations","questions":"What is the reason for the state of California seeking help from the federal government?","answer":"Financial"}
{"text":["I think Russia wants what it's always wanted, which is to establish its own security. I suspect that Mr.  Putin, in his heart of hearts, would love to re-establish the borders of the old Soviet Union. And security, to them, consists of trying to defend yourself against everybody else. I think that's what they want. And so they regard all the rest of us with great suspicion and as potential enemies.","You write about people in intelligence looking over their shoulders at what you called the Snowdenistas. How has Edward Snowden and WikiLeaks hacking changed intelligence agencies and security work?","Well, I think it has changed. I think they need obviously, if they're going to be able to keep us safe, to see what their targets - and that is a broad word - are doing online. And yet, obviously, naturally, the civil liberties lobby is interested in our civil liberties and our right to privacy and so there's tension there. And I think that that is very much now a feature of the way intelligence services have to work in Western countries, particularly in my country. And the government is trying to introduce legislation which will actually give them the powers that they now need. But it's a very difficult business to get this right in the face of people's natural concern for their privacy.","Dame Stella, I fell hard for one of your characters in this novel, Jasminder."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : is asking how intelligence agencies have changed in response to Edward Snowden and WikiLeaks hacking","questions":"What has changed in intelligence agencies and security work due to Edward Snowden and WikiLeaks hacking?","answer":"Targets"}
{"text":["Well, approved solar filters are what you really need. The cheapest and I think probably the best way is to go with these welder's glasses. They're called number 14 welder's glasses. They're a very dark shade. You go into a welding store, and you say you want number 14, they know what you're doing. They always look at me and they say, oh, you're going to look at the sun?I say yeah, that's what I'm going to do.","And so you want to get those glasses. They usually cost about five, six bucks or so. And then you can put those up to your face and look right at the sun all you want. Then you can also get filters for your telescopes, binoculars, that type of thing. But really, we recommend making this into a social situation.","As astronomers, we always like company, and we recommend people to join or find any astronomical groups that are in their area, because there are astronomy clubs all over the country, and they love to share their expertise, and on these days of the eclipse on the 20th and the Transit on the 5th, join up with one of them because it's a lot of fun having a sun party.","Wow, and you can find these - you can find more information on your website, or. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker suggests that in addition to getting solar filters, people should make viewing the eclipse or transit into a social event by joining an astronomy group or having a \"sun party\" with friends.","questions":"What does the speaker suggest people do to make viewing the eclipse or transit into a social event?","answer":"Join"}
{"text":["It was interesting, because my first novel, \"Platitudes,\" was pretty fictional. My second two novels, \"Right Here, Right Now\" and \"Home Repairs,\" especially \"Home Repairs,\" was pretty autobiographical.","So this time, I really wanted to try my hand at writing a novel about myself. So I tried to write it as artfully as you would write a novel with the same kind of conceits that I put into, let's say, \"Platitudes,\" like kind of funny screenplays and music lyrics and footnotes, and write it artistically but tell the story of my life.","And that was the tricky part, to see myself as a character and not as myself.","You have - at one point in the book, you talk about all these dreams that you had to write books and to direct, and you write: I'm convinced that my delusion of seeing the story of my life as just that, a grand story, is the only thing that has staved off even more debilitating mental illnesses."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"To see myself as a character and not as myself\" - The speaker is not literally seeing themselves as a fictional character, but rather trying to distance themselves emotionally from their personal story in order to write it in an artistic and creative way.","questions":"What was the PersonA's challenge when writing their autobiographical novel?","answer":"Character."}
{"text":["So if we're negotiating in public, we're not really negotiating at all.","That's correct. What we're doing is playing chicken, all kinds of games with each other. It's just a mess. You know, whenever you get to the entitlements, and so everybody knows, I'm out of the Senate three years and a half, but I was there for 36 years, and much of my work was budgeting. If I were there, I would be right in the middle of this. You would have been hearing from me for the last two years, and you'd be tired of my voice.","And you, Neal, would have had me on so many times, you would have said I don't want you anymore.","Well, I doubt that, Senator."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning is that the listener doubts that they would tire of hearing from the speaker. The actual meaning is that the listener is being polite and respectful towards the speaker.","questions":"What is the actual meaning behind PersonB's response to PersonA in turn 3?","answer":"Polite"}
{"text":["Alison Stewart's written a book that may make you contemplate whether to keep the book when you're done or give it to the Salvation Army. The book is \"Junk: Digging Through America's Love Affair With Stuff. \"Alison Stewart, the award-winning journalist, who's worked for every network, including this one where she hosted the beloved Bryant Park Project, joins us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us.","Oh, it's my pleasure, Scott.","This begins in your parents' basement.","It does. I had the task, as many Gen Xers and baby boomers do, of having to clean out my late parents' basement. And they were elegant, sophisticated people with a lovely home in Princeton, N. J. , but their basement - if I could have poured concrete in it and said I didn't know what happened, I would have. It was a severe junk situation. And they were children of the Great Depression and it was clear that that had made an impression on them and they really could not part with much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  It does.I had the task, as many Gen Xers and baby boomers do, of having to clean out my late parents' basement: This statement is implying that it is not just Alison who has had to go through the difficult task of cleaning out her parents' basement, but rather it is a problem that many people from her generation have to deal with.","questions":"Which generation is mentioned to have the same problem as Alison?","answer":"Gen-Xers"}
{"text":["\"The Burning Girl\" is the latest novel from Claire Messud, author of \"The Emperor's Children\" and other acclaimed novels. She's also taught creative writing and special programs at many colleges and joins us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks, Scott, for having me.","What's the special intensity of being BFFs as youngsters?","(Laughter) You know, I think it's an almost ineffable experience. And maybe that's why I wanted to try to write about it. When you're a kid, and someone is your best friend, you almost don't need words. It's almost like puppies in a - frolicking in a garden or something. You don't articulate stuff. You just live it. And one of the things I fear that happens is you get - move into adolescence is a sort of self-consciousness and self-awareness that makes that unthinking intimacy less possible."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) What's the special intensity of being BFFs as youngsters?","questions":"Which novel did Claire Messud write before \"The Burning Girl\"?","answer":"Emperor's"}
{"text":["The global economy is facing some risk right now, according to a leading woman in finance. We specify Christine Lagarde's gender because the managing director of the International Monetary Fund is among the most prominent women in a male-dominated industry. And gender is very much on her mind on this International Women's Day.","She's been suggesting the world would be a very different place if women played more leading roles in banking. Madam Lagarde has consistently said that had more women been in charge of the major banks, the financial crisis of 2008 might have been avoided. She's now studying risks to the economy, and that is where we began our conversation.","There are risks. It's coming from various corners of the world, this sort of downward trend that we're seeing. One is you have the euro area numbers, in particular, combination of the Brexit uncertainty and the trade concerns but also particular matters affecting, for instance, the automobile industry in Germany or the uncertainty over the Italian budget or the protests in the streets of my home country.","But you're also seeing some countries that have gone down for other reasons. Think of Argentina, which has faced a major crisis. Think of Iran, for instance, which have been revised downwards - big way. Think of Venezuela, which is contracting massively. So those are, you know, sort of, the particular countries that are going to contribute to that declining growth in 2019 and in 2020."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) Madam Lagarde has consistently said that had more women been in charge of the major banks, the financial crisis of 2008 might have been avoided. - This turn implies that if more women had been in charge of the major banks, the financial crisis of 2008 might have been avoided.","questions":"Which crisis might have been avoided if more women had been in charge of the major banks?","answer":"Financial"}
{"text":["And it all comes down really to these apple trees. The husband, James, is obsessed with apples, growing the sweet apples. She, Sadie, the mother, is - well, she's a drunk. She's looking for applejack. She likes the spitters - not the eaters - the spitters.","Yes, and Johnny Appleseed is a little bit like her drug dealer because he comes along twice a year in his canoe to see how they're doing. And he sometimes takes off the barrels of apples and brings them back pressed for them as cider. And, you know, I don't think he does it maliciously, but he is, as I said, he's a businessman. So he's got a slightly different take on it all.","And why don't you describe what Johnny Appleseed looks like in your novel as you paint him?","Actually, some of the myth is true. He did sometimes wear a tin pot for a hat. His clothing was interesting, shall we say?He often wore a coffee sack that he cut holes out of and a rope for a belt. So, yeah, he was a strange guy. He was actually making all this money, not for himself, but really because he was what they called a Swedenborgian, a very peculiar Christian sect. And Johnny Appleseed spent a lot of time proselytizing. And he'd go on this kind of rant, and a lot of the settlers - I read some hilarious accounts of them going, oh, this guy, we don't understand a word he's saying, but, you know, he's kind of entertaining, so he's harmless."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The author's portrayal of Johnny Appleseed's appearance highlights his eccentricity and unconventional ways, which contrast with his successful business dealings and religious beliefs.","questions":"How does the author's portrayal of Johnny Appleseed's appearance contrast with his business dealings and religious beliefs?","answer":"Eccentricity"}
{"text":["It's always right to do right. And I basically was in it because I feel the Lord had me in it. It was a work of righteousness which was a work of God. And that's - I think that's why the movement can't be killed - 'cause it's the work of God.","We asked Bishop Woods to take us upstairs at the A. G.  Gaston Motel to the room where he recalls talking to Martin Luther King.","We went upstairs to go to his room.","The stairs of the Gaston are scuffed from rain and time. The windows are boarded. The rooms are bare and dark. It's a little like looking into the wreck of a great, old ship and trying to imagine the people who are now gone and the way they changed our lives."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"It's a little like looking into the wreck of a great, old ship and trying to imagine the people who are now gone and the way they changed our lives.\" The literal meaning is that the scene being described is similar to looking at an old, abandoned ship and trying to imagine its history. The actual meaning, however, is that the scene is nostalgic and evokes a sense of loss for the people who once occupied the space and made an impact on the speaker's life.","questions":"What feeling does the scene evoke in the speaker?","answer":"Loss"}
{"text":["I don't know what you make of a recent letter some ICE special agents sent to Homeland Security Secretary Nielsen asking that the branch of ICE that deals with counterterrorism and drug trafficking, not deportations, be split off from the agency because of all the ill will.","Yeah. I have seen that. That was - that's an interesting consequence of another change that was made at the time that DHS was formed. In addition to splitting up the immigration entities, they also blended in the customs function. And so ICE is Immigration and Customs Enforcement. The same is true at the border. And that was a little bit of a shotgun marriage between the customs folks and the immigration folks that has not fully worked itself out. The customs people think that they have these - you know, they've got a separate set of responsibilities that are impeded by the immigration function.","Former INS general counsel Bo Cooper, thanks so much for coming in and joining us, sir.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"... because of all the ill will.\" This turn is an example of a figurative expression. \"Ill will\" is not a physical or tangible thing that can cause harm or injury; instead, it refers to negative feelings or intentions towards someone.","questions":"What is the meaning of \"ill will\"?","answer":"Negative"}
{"text":["But there are some bright spots in the world of retail. We hear about one of them today as part of our series this week, giving you a little break from all that bad economic news. Lisa Olivares manages a kiosk. It's called CCE Headgear. It's at a mall in Fayetteville, North Carolina near Fort Bragg. I recently gave Lisa a call on her cell phone while she was working at the kiosk.","We do custom embroidery. You can either bring in your own items or we provide them for you.","And we're hearing from you on your cell phone at the kiosk now, and we should note that where you are is not too far from Fort Bragg, which is home to the 82nd Airborne Division. And apparently, a lot of the soldiers have been coming home, and how has that affected your business?","Well, I mean, all the economy has been affected, but we're not as bad because luckily, we do do a lot of things for the military. Their wives are still here, so it's constantly them bringing in things that they need to be shipped overseas or just little minor things, things for the babies. It does keep a good flow in, though."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The soldiers are a major customer base for the kiosk.","questions":"How have soldiers impacted the kiosk's business?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["Well, I met him on the phone first. I asked him what he did and he said: Walter, I'm a freelance central banker. Other things that came up during the phone call - the fact that he'd never tasted Coca-Cola, never eaten in a restaurant - got me to thinking, I, as a fiction writer, have to meet this guy. It would be professional malpractice if I didn't.","Now, you met him finally. He said he lived in the same apartment building as Tony Bennett, as a matter of fact. This struck you as a building where a rich person might live but. . .","Well, you know, it was a block off of Central Park. He invited me up and there was no furniture, no real food in the kitchen. But there was what appeared to be, em, maybe $80, $90 million worth of Jackson Pollocks, Rothkos, and de Koonings hanging on the walls.","Was he brilliant at some level?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Was he brilliant at some level? - Implied meaning: Was he very wealthy or successful?","questions":"How much worth of art was hanging on the walls?","answer":"$80,,$90"}
{"text":["Right.","But a lot has happened. How are you feeling about President Trump's stand on immigration now?","Well, look. I said that my position is nuanced. I believe immigration is good for the country. There are aspects of President Trump's immigration proposals that I agree with. I do believe in fencing. It does work. It has shown that it works to disrupt illegal entry.","You mean the wall, the proposed wall."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Well, look. I said that my position is nuanced. I believe immigration is good for the country. There are aspects of President Trump's immigration proposals that I agree with. I do believe in fencing. It does work. It has shown that it works to disrupt illegal entry.  In this turn, the actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not just saying \"yes\" or agreeing with the previous speaker's statement. Instead, they are expressing a more nuanced view on the topic of immigration and specifically on President Trump's stand on immigration. They go on to explain that they believe immigration is good for the country and that there are some aspects of President Trump's proposals that they agree with, but they also have their own opinions and preferences, such as believing in fencing to disrupt illegal entry.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about fencing?","answer":"Fencing"}
{"text":["Happy birthday NASA. Fifty years old today. Wonder how that feels?A former NASA engineer thinks this now middle-aged agency should try something new. Solve the energy crisis by collecting solar power through a space-based energy system. He's Glenn Smith. He oversaw science and applications experiments for the international space station when he was at NASA. We spoke earlier about his proposal.","You have very large solar cells, solar rays in space, probably 22 thousand miles out, so it circles the earth at the same speed that the earth rotates. It stays above one spot on the earth, and you convert that electric power into microwaves, and you beam it down near cities where large amounts of power are used. Receives it, converts it back to electric energy and feeds it into the existing power grid.","And that wouldn't be dangerous to anyone who got in the way of that ray coming down, or airplanes flying by, or anything?","Well, I've got a lot of questions about that. But here's what we have. The highest power level of the beam is only about one-fifth of the energy density of summer sunlight at noon. One-fifth. Tests have been run on bees and birds twice that level and they haven't found any effects yet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The space-based energy system proposed is not dangerous for humans and animals.","questions":"What is the highest power level of the beam in the proposed space-based energy system?","answer":"One-fifth"}
{"text":["So they're looking for Joe to be effective as a rhetorician, as a guy who can sell a line, who can connect with an audience and also connect in a debate. He's an excellent debater.","Just as we told Farai Chideya, she's going to be very busy, you're going to be very busy as well this week. Thank you so much, Ron.","Thank you, Tony.","Ron Elving is NPR's senior Washington editor. He joined me from our special NPR studio in Denver, Colorado."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : sell a line implies being able to convince people and capture their interest towards something and not meaning to sell lines","questions":"How does the turn \"sell a line\" reflect Joe's skills as a rhetorician?","answer":"Convincing"}
{"text":["A degree, yeah.","Yeah. We're talking Jay Kang about his article that ran in The New York Times magazine this past weekend, \"That Other School Shooting. \"And you're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","I wanted to ask you about another Korean-American you ran into. An Eagle Scout who, in fact, wanted to build a memorial garden.","Yeah, Kinsa Durst. He was - I think he is 19 now. You know, he's the type of the kid that I think every parent wants to, you know, at some way, their kid to grow up to be. He had sort of the same reaction that I had. And it was interesting to me that, you know, somebody so young who's father was not Korean but his father was Caucasian but living in Korea, I think, for a while, would be so honest about this idea that this reflects violent Koreans because Virginia Tech also happened, which I think is a quote he gave me verbatim.","And instead, you know, instead of sort of - I guess, sort of, wallowing in the shame of it or trying to suppress the connection or even sort of bearing it with post-modern, sort of, academic speak about how we, you know, no one person should represent anybody else. And he went on built a peace garden in front of the school with commemorative stones for the dead. And on - during one of the memorial services that I attended, he gave this talk about how he wanted to help Korean and American relations."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"He had sort of the same reaction that I had\" - The literal meaning is that Kinsa Durst had a similar reaction to the speaker. The actual meaning is that Kinsa Durst had a similar reaction to the speaker regarding the Virginia Tech shooting and its connection to Korean Americans.","questions":"How did Kinsa Durst react to the Virginia Tech shooting?","answer":"Same"}
{"text":["Yes. At the top of the mountains, we have cloud forests. These are forests composed of trees of low stature. They have the ability to withstand the strong wind conditions at the top of the mountain. They are very important in regulating the water cycling of the mountain and actually supplying the 20 percent of the water for Puerto Rico. These trees are completely covered by mosses and plants that sit on the tree trunks and collect water. And they can then kind of filter cloud water down the mountain. So many of these mosses and epiphytes were stripped from the tree trunks on the face where those winds were more intense.","I wonder, Dr.  Gonzalez, as you were walking through El Yunque looking at the destruction of this place that you've known so well for so long, what was going through your mind seeing it totally transformed?","Well, it's an amazing experience, but I think it's one of learning and regeneration. We already have seen the greening of the forest in some areas. We're already seeing that some species are lifting up. We know that some other species will come up and kind of make their way to more native or mature species of the forest to take over. So yes, it is a catastrophic event. But we know that there's going to be a recovery phase.","Dr.  Gonzalez, what about you and your family?How did you do?Do you have power?Do you have water?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The strong winds of the mountain top can strip the mosses and epiphytes from the tree trunks, making it difficult for these forests to survive.","questions":"What is the term for the type of forests found at the top of mountains?","answer":"Cloud"}
{"text":["What should we make of these shocking statistics?","I think to most Alaskans, these statistics aren't surprising. Anyone who lives here knows someone or is themselves a victim of sexual violence. And so this is a reality that Alaskan residents are constantly made aware of.","You say in an opinion piece you wrote for the Anchorage Daily News that 59 percent of women in Alaska say they've been sexually assaulted.","That's right. And it should be noted that, though that number is remarkable, it is likely that that number is also conservative. And we should also note that amongst the 59 percent of Alaska women, 61 percent are Alaska Native, which makes Alaska Native women almost 10 times more likely than other Alaskans to be victims."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Alaska Native women are at a significantly higher risk of being victims of sexual assault.","questions":"Which group of women are almost 10 times more likely to be victims of sexual assault in Alaska?","answer":"Alaska"}
{"text":["Well, thereafter, we may be singing Christmas carols in the Capitol. It's brinksmanship, of course. They're just trying to get everybody focused and trying to get everybody to actually vote for the basic spending bills, get Congress to do their routine business. It's not routine, though, because Republican leaders can't get enough of their members to vote for spending bills. So they need Democratic votes to get the bills across the finish line. And those come with a price tag, including, for example, the issue of the DREAMers, the. . .","Yeah.",". . . People who were brought here by their parents when the parents came to the country illegally.","And how do they breach the differences between the House and Senate bills, when the promises some Republican Senate leaders made to get the votes of, say, Susan Collins of Maine and Jeff Flake of Arizona, seem to be no longer - are not contained in the House version?And the House leaders say nope, we're not going to have them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : price tag implies there's an exchange of favors for passing bills","questions":"How does the issue of DREAMers relate to the passing of spending bills?","answer":"Exchange"}
{"text":["Was he in uniform?I mean, was this a. . .","He was in plainclothes, just driving in plainclothes.","Not that that makes it any better but still.","Well, at least they weren't dumb enough to go up to a fully uniformed police chief. But, you know, it's one of those things where we got one of the worst crime problems because there is no rhyme or reason to some of the things that are happening. You've got elderly gentlemen being beaten up at gas stations and people being afraid to come out of their homes at 5 P. M. It's not everywhere and it's not every neighborhood but it's enough that it's becoming what people think about living in Detroit.","Rochelle, Halloween's coming up and in Detroit that could mean Devil's Night."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : implies that the Halloween season in Detroit is dangerous.","questions":"Which season is considered dangerous in Detroit?","answer":"Halloween"}
{"text":["That's right.","Their due, and they would make great traveling companions, you're saying. You know, we once had a piece of moss - we've done a show on moss before, and we got some samples of moss, and we've just stuck them out on the porch, and they lasted for years all by themselves just sitting there.","They do, they do.","Yeah, it's really interesting. Do they produce anything for humans?I mean if you took them along on the Mars trip, could you eat them?Why would you bring them along to Mars?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Asking for the purpose of bringing moss to Mars","questions":"How did PersonB inquire about the utility of moss in the Martian trip?","answer":"eat"}
{"text":["And for a minute, I was shocked, like something you see in the movies. It happens to other people. It doesn't happen to yourself. And then as I thought about it, then I put all the pieces of my childhood back together - all the sorrow, all the issues, all the neglect, all the - you know, John Graham just being who he was with me. He wasn't really fatherly. So it all made sense.","But that was just the first of many revelations and obstacles Graham would run into over the next 25 years in his quest to prove who his real biological father was. He talked to family members. He hired a detective. He dug through newspapers and public records. And it culminated this year in an exhumation and a DNA test. He got the results back this past week. Graham's biological father was Thomas Sullivan, a Catholic priest from Massachusetts.","It's been emotional. You know, I knew, you know, based on every - all the circumstantial evidence that it would be my father. But you still have that apprehension that something could go wrong at the last minute with the results.","And when you say emotional, I'm assuming just the knowing that this is actually the person who was your dad."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The pieces mean memories of the person's childhood that they were able to make sense of.","questions":"Which word describes the memories of the person's childhood that they were able to make sense of?","answer":"Memories"}
{"text":["Oh, let's see. Who would be a good heating guy out there in the elements?I would say Russell Crowe, maybe.","I can see that. I can see that. . .","Yeah, I could see him with the big, frozen beard out there bearing the elements or maybe Mel Gibson. Unfortunately, I don't grow that full of a beard so I don't get that much protection, but, you know, you do what you can.","You've kept a lot of people warm and safe this year. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the person being addressed has kept a lot of people warm and safe throughout the year and is being thanked for it. The figurative meaning, however, is that the person being addressed has done something good or helpful for others and is being appreciated for it, but not necessarily in a literal sense of keeping them warm and safe.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of turn 3 in the dialogue?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["A clever grounds crew can mean a difference in close games, can't it?","Oh, definitely. Well a grounds crew can tailor the field in very small ways that might impact the outcome of the game. You know, gone are the days of legendary Kansas City groundskeeper George Toma and his ilk - the (unintelligible). They really would tailor the fields in unbelievable ways. They would tilt the foul lines in a certain way so that bunts wouldn't roll foul. They were harden the turf to make it more difficult for players to slide if they didn't want the opposing team to slide.","Nowadays, uniformity is really something that is mandated by Major League Baseball. But there are still small ways. I visited with Trevor Vance, who's the head groundskeeper for the Kansas City Royals. And this was during 2015 - the year they would ultimately win the World Series. And he talked about how he made the infield play very fast - you know, shorter grass - because they had young, athletic infielders. And they felt that that was an advantage for them because they knew that their guys could get to the ball. And the other team probably couldn't.","There's so much joy in your book. But I have to ask, are there bad memories, if not ghosts, at the New Orleans Superdome?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they have personal experience or knowledge related to the topic being discussed, and are subtly trying to convey their expertise without appearing arrogant.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue suggests that the groundskeepers would tilt the foul lines in a certain way so that bunts wouldn't roll foul?","answer":"Tilt"}
{"text":["Linda Greenhouse is co-author of \"Before Roe v.  Wade: Voices that Shaped the Abortion Debate Before the Supreme Court's Ruling. \"She joins us by phone from her office in New Haven, where she now teaches at Yale Law School. Good to have you back on the program.","Oh, thanks very much.","And one of the documents you reprinted is the story of Dr.  Jane Hodgson. What's her part in Roe v.  Wade?","Well, she didn't have a direct part in Roe against Wade. Jane Hodgson was a very courageous obstetrician-gynecologist in St.  Paul, Minnesota in the early 1970s. Before Roe she was a Mayo Clinic-trained doctor. And she decided to test, to challenge the Minnesota criminal abortion law. She had a patient who had contracted German measles very early in her pregnancy. And people my age might remember, before there were immunizations, that there were epidemics of German measles that swept through the country, and when it hit somebody early in pregnancy, it had a very high probability of causing serious birth defects."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : when something sweeps or swept through, it means it came through quickly","questions":"Which disease caused serious birth defects in pregnant women in the early 1970s?","answer":"German,measles"}
{"text":["But people in India really are angry. I have lived in this country in two different periods for about 15 years. I have never seen anything like this before. You see it in other countries, but you don't often see it in India, where people take to the streets and complain. They want change.","There hasn't been much change. All we've seen so far is the home secretary, the home minister, that's the head of the security services, I suppose, being changed, and nothing else has. The armed forces chief and other people are arguing and doing a blame game as to who's responsible, and people are getting angrier.","They want change in terms of attitudes and actions by the politicians and the bureaucrats. They want visible signs of the corruption, which impedes India's efficient government, to stop, and they also want signs that something is being done to stop further attacks.","Elections in India aren't too far off. Is this a signal that the current government might be in jeopardy?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The people want visible and effective action against corruption and terrorism.","questions":"Which grievances are the people protesting against?","answer":"Corruption,Terrorism"}
{"text":["What kind of inspiration did it take to make you into a poet?Who did you read?When did you start reading, or did someone read to you as a child that made you love poetry?","I started reading at the age of three, and I like to think that it's because of my parents, who were working-class people, who only had - both my mother and father only graduated from the eighth grade. So that they read, and they read a lot. And put their arms around me while they read. And I'm convinced that that has a lot to do with getting you to understand how to read. I would look at their mouths and I'd look at the page, and somehow, I figured it out. Then I tortured everybody by reading every sign, everything, which I still do.","So if you had to name a few other people, and I'm sure there'd be a long list. But just one or two people who you love.","Gwendolyn Brooks, Langston Hughes, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Kenneth Rexroth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker lists some of their favorite poets.","questions":"What are some names of poets the speaker mentioned?","answer":"Brooks,Hughes,Dunbar,Rexroth"}
{"text":["Iran announced today that it will soon exceed limits on its stockpiles of enriched uranium that it agreed to under the 2015 nuclear deal with the U. S.  and other nations. The Trump administration pulled the U. S.  out of the deal last year; other countries stayed in. And this new announcement is the latest sign that it might be falling apart altogether.","Joining us to discuss this is NPR's Geoff Brumfiel. He covers science and security. Hey, Geoff.","Hey, there.","What exactly did Iran announce today?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Iran announced that it will exceed limits on uranium stockpiles, which may result in the failure of the nuclear deal.","questions":"What did Iran agree to under the 2015 nuclear deal?","answer":"Limits"}
{"text":["It's a bit of a fly in the ointment for ethical Sarah Palin. There's - in the last month or so, there's been increasing attention paid to an incident in which her opponent say, she pressured her public safety commissioner to fire her sister's ex-husband. He's a trooper and what they're saying is that she was trying to get him canned. She denies this, but there's a lot of evidence that suggests - that things are a little more complicated than that and the legislature is investigating now.","Now, she's known as a maverick. She's bucked the establishment so in that way, she compares favorably to John McCain. And tell us a bit more about how she compares with him.","Well, she certainly loves his maverick image. She likes the fact that he challenges the party hierarchy as she has done, and so she's been early McCain supporter on that score. She's got more of a social conservative background than he does, and that may very well be why she's on the ticket because she's got more of those bona fides. But at the same time, some people in Alaska point out that in the two years she's in office so far, she hasn't actually made any big moves on the social conservative front. That she's, you know, she calls herself a social conservative, and certainly has those values, but (unintelligible) necessarily done a lot about it.","Social conservative, she's very pro-life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Sarah Palin hasn't taken any significant actions as a social conservative despite claiming to be one","questions":"Which group does Sarah Palin claim to belong to?","answer":"Conservative"}
{"text":["There isn't. And I think the interesting thing about this government is they have cut the Argentine military budget so severely in the last few years that even if Argentina wanted to invade the Falklands, they would be incapable of doing so. So that's one good thing.","So what does this campaign amount to then besides words?","Well, they're trying to put economic pressure on Britain. And I think actually the British are a little bit worried about it. They are stopping cruise ships that come from the Falklands, not allowing them to dock in Argentina. They are pressuring the Chileans to cut off the one air link between Chile and the Falkland Islands. They are calling on Argentine manufacturers to cut down on the import of British goods. And I think the worry is that they will make this into a regional campaign, that they will try and persuade the Brazilians, the Peruvians and others to start putting economic pressure on Britain as well.","And the rallying cry of anti-colonialism has a lot of residents in South America."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that there is strong support for anti-colonialism in South America. The literal meaning of the words \"rallying cry\" is a call to action, usually in a military or political context, but in this context, it is used metaphorically to describe the support for anti-colonialism.","questions":"How does \"B\" describe the anti-colonialism sentiment in South America?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["It probably had more to do with Moore - Roy Moore - and his unique trainload of baggage. But it's still hard not to compare it to what happened back in 2010 when Scott Brown was elected in Massachusetts, taking Teddy Kennedy's seat. And this was at about the same point in President Obama's first term.","That really changed the mood on Capitol Hill. It did not stop the passage of Obamacare, but it signaled a big turnover in Congress in the next elections. And we could be heading into a correction here in the other direction under President Trump.","NPR's Ron Elving. Thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"NPR's Ron Elving thanking Scott\". However, the actual meaning is \"Scott thanking NPR's Ron Elving.\"","questions":"What did Scott do after the dialogue ended?","answer":"Nothing"}
{"text":["The European soccer championships are being played in France right now, but events in the stands among fans are also making news. European soccer's governing body has given the Russian team a suspended disqualification and a fine of 150,000 euros for the behavior of dozens of Russian fans who've clashed with supporters of other teams. A number of Russian fans have also been arrested and deported from France.","Marc Bennetts is a journalist who's based in Moscow. And he spent time with Russian fans. He's the author of \"Football Dynamo: Modern Russia And The People's Game. \"He joins us over Skype from Moscow. Thanks so much for being with us.","No problem.","Aren't the British the original soccer hooligans?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : not a literal meaning but rather a rhetorical question.","questions":"What type of question did PersonB ask PersonA about British soccer fans?","answer":"Soccer"}
{"text":["Well, you know, performance is really one of making sure you understand and document what's expected of you in your given role. One of the mistakes I see many professionals make, minority or otherwise, is they don't document and understand really what's expected of them.","And so they go throughout the whole year performing at what they may thing is the optimum level, only to get to the end of the year and find out that they've missed a mark. They're not doing one-on-ones or meetings quarterly or monthly with their manager, and so it's really important that if, you're going to track your performance that you understand what's expected, but more importantly that you follow up to make sure that you're on course.","Now, you have these performance evaluations in some cases, and is that a 100 percent of your success?How much are we talking about?","Yeah, I'm a big believer that success in corporate America, that performance really accounts for 50 percent of that. And what I mean by that is if you go back to childhood, most of what we were taught as children was you are rewarded based on how well you performed."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"I'm a big believer that success in corporate America, that performance really accounts for 50 percent of that\" - The literal meaning is that performance is half of what determines success, but the actual meaning is that performance is important, but not the only factor, in determining success.","questions":"Which factor accounts for 50% of success in corporate America?","answer":"Performance"}
{"text":[". . . Seas and littoral regions.","So the bottom line here is Iran has now shot a U. S.  plane out of the sky. I'll put to you the same question we just put to Mara Liasson.","Sure.","Any sense of what the U. S.  response will be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Iran shot down a U.S. plane and now the U.S. will respond.","questions":"What did Iran do that will prompt a response from the U.S.?","answer":"Shot"}
{"text":["You've got lots of reasons to be concerned about this economy, not the least of which is the fact that the Federal Reserve Chair Ben Bernanke has done yet another interest rate cut. And the question is, how many more cuts can he do?He has so many arrows in his quiver.","So, we're looking at a very fragile economy. And certainly, the employment piece is the most important piece for most Americans because most people don't have trust funds or extra money. Many who do have home equity have it tapped out. The way that 90 percent of us support ourselves is that we work every day, and increasing numbers of people don't have employment opportunities.","When you look at what's happening right now, there were - there have been times when there are certain, you know, white collar jobs that have really gotten hit hard, I'm thinking of the computer industry, the technology industry in the '90s when there was that dot bomb era. But is this really, for now, more of a blue collar job loss or is it mixed?","It's really a mixed bag. You see many corporations who are downsizing, they call it rightsizing, who are cutting even if it's by as little as 5 percent, Farai, it adds up. We see state governments also looking at a drop in revenue coming in because of a drop in tax revenue, and they are thinking of cutting in \u2014 may have already done some cutting."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"downsizing\" and \"rightsizing\" are both euphemisms for cutting jobs or reducing the size of a company, rather than referring to physically reducing the size of something.","questions":"Which two words are euphemisms for cutting jobs or reducing the size of a company?","answer":"Cutting"}
{"text":["Hi, how are you?","I'm fine, and we're very glad to have you. Let me ask you about South Carolina's primary, the first in the South. This is supposed to clear out some of the underbrush and let us see which candidates are survivors, also to show us something about this region. Could you give us a thumbnail sketch of why South Carolina matters?","South Carolina, because it's the first in the South, is the first test candidates face as whether or not they will have Southern appeal. And that's a big deal because the entire 11-state South makes up 59 percent of all the Electoral College votes you need to win the presidency in the general election. So if a Republican candidate in the modern era can sweep the South, they become president. But if a Democratic candidate can crack the South with two states, they become president. And South Carolina is the first test of support in this region.","Up to this point now, we've been watching Republican voters react to Donald Trump and Republican candidates try to overtake him. Is South Carolina in 2016 in some kind of position to clarify that?Should we look for anybody to break out maybe in the GOP debate tonight, or is Trump just going to sail through South Carolina and presumably the South?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Turn (3) contains idiomatic expressions with non-literal meanings:  \"Southern appeal\" refers to the ability of a political candidate to win support in the South, rather than a literal physical attraction to the region. \"Crack the South\" means to win electoral votes in Southern states, rather than physically breaking the region.","questions":"How does \"Southern appeal\" refer to a political candidate's ability?","answer":"Win"}
{"text":["Well, you know, we've done a bunch of these kinds of stories that run in the body issue. And we've done everything from the importance of the glute to the strange secret ritual of the team shower. And we thought, gosh, we've kind of gone there with every other story. The last thing to explore was pee breaks.","I want to talk about the Tour de France in particular. These guys are on their bikes for hours and hours and hours. But it's the Tour leader wearing a yellow jersey, I might add, who gets to signal - is this right?- when it's time for the riders to pull over for a bit of relief?","It turns out, yeah. One of the greatest honors, according to the riders, of getting the yellow jersey is that you get to control when everybody else who's racing stops for a little bit of a pee break.","Which is extraordinary."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Getting the yellow jersey in the Tour de France is a great honor because it allows the wearer to control when the other riders stop for a bathroom break. Implicated meaning: The yellow jersey is a symbol of leadership in the Tour de France, and controlling when bathroom breaks happen is seen as a demonstration of power and control over the other riders.","questions":"Which aspect of the Tour de France is seen as a demonstration of power and control?","answer":"Leadership"}
{"text":["They were part of the crew of the USS Monitor, a celebrated Civil War ship that helped open a new era in naval warfare. The ship was ironclad, powered by steam instead of sails, and supported a rotating gun turret. The Monitor sank in a storm in 1862. Sixteen of 62 men on board went down with their ship. They were thought to be lost forever until 2002. The Monitor was being restored and the remains of two of the sailors were discovered in the turret. We're joined now by historian Anna Holloway. She's curator of the USS Monitor Center in Newport, Virginia. Thank very much for being with us.","Well, thank you so much for having me.","What do we know about these two sailors who have finally been buried?","Well, we still don't know their names, and that is one of the ongoing mysteries about these two heroes of the USS Monitor. However, as you mention, 16 men went down with the vessel, so there are 16 possibilities. Now, forensics tells us a little bit about them - their relative heights, their ages and their race - so that does narrow it down a bit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are no turns in the given conversation that have a meaning different from their literal meanings. All the turns convey their literal meanings without any implied or figurative language.","questions":"What is the meaning of turn 1?","answer":"Introduction"}
{"text":["It's only about $3 billion. So compared to the whole Defense Department, which is, you know, 500 or more billion, or NASA, which is around 16 billion, or something.","A couple of big bombers.","Yeah, one and a half B-2 bombers. That's it. I think DARPA should be inspiring to anyone who wants to create innovative things, come up with new ideas, do things that really make a difference, with a relatively small amount of money and resources.","And what stuff do you think, percentage of stuff, that you actually saw going on?What couldn't you see that they wouldn't let you see inside of DARPA?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The amount of $3 billion is relatively small compared to the Defense Department and NASA budgets.","questions":"What is the approximate budget of NASA?","answer":"around"}
{"text":["Yes - beat me with a rifle - butt of a rifle.","Calvin Woods was also prosecuted for preaching against segregation. It was the law then.","I was speaking out against segregated buses. I was guilty of that and told them that they pay their money to sit down where there's a seat. And you don't have to get up, give anybody your seat unless that's what you want to do. So I was arrested, sentenced to six months hard labor and fined $500.","Calvin Woods and hundreds more in Birmingham were American heroes. But he says he'd like his children and his 60-some grandchildren to know it is always right to do right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : implies that the speaker was advocating for themselves to be violently punished,","questions":"What was the speaker advocating for?","answer":"Themselves"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News & Notes.","1. 5 million. That's the number of people reportedly incarcerated in the United States. Beginning in the 1980s, the nation saw an ever-expanding prison industry, designed to manage a steady stream of new felons and recidivists. Now some states are finding they can't afford the billions of tax dollars supporting the prison system. Rethinking the role of rehabilitation may be part of the answer. That's what Jennifer Gonnerman says. She's a journalist covering the prison beat, and her latest article kicks off a special edition of Mother Jones magazine that examines the prison system. Jennifer, great to have you on.","Thanks so much for having me, Farai.","So this is a whole special issue on the issue of prisons. Your article talks about the economic impact the prison system is having on the nation. So what kind of money are we talking about?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The prison industry has become too expensive for some states to handle and rehabilitation is a possible solution","questions":"Which issue of Mother Jones magazine examines the prison system?","answer":"Special"}
{"text":["My mother had a friend I called David in the essay. And he was a funny, charming man. And he always had clients around. He found them out of the state so they would live with him while they were going on auditions. And they seemed to have a lot of shirtless pictures of them around framed. That seemed to be the greatest bit of work that they did - were these shirtless pictures.","And each year, these boys would come and go, and they'd be between the ages of 12 and 16. And there was this feeling that my mother and I would sort of talk around. Is this weird?This is weird, right?No. No, it's David. It can't be weird. And I think there are a lot of people in Los Angeles dealing with that right now of people they have held in their heads where there's a little bit of a galvanic skin-crawly thing, but they also like this person.","Course, your article appeared as Anthony Rapp come forward with his charges against Kevin Spacey. Been a few more Kevin Spacey stories that have also come out since then. Without trying to judge the veracity of each and every story, what's the mix of ambition and vulnerability that makes child actors prey?","The same thing which puts women at risk in the business, which is economics. For children, there is a small window of opportunity in which a career is going to happen. You are not a child indefinitely. That makes people ripe for abuse."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"That makes people ripe for abuse.\" - The phrase \"ripe for abuse\" is not meant to convey a positive connotation, but rather highlights the vulnerability and potential for exploitation that arises from the limited window of opportunity for success in the entertainment industry.","questions":"What does the phrase \"ripe for abuse\" convey?","answer":"Exploitation"}
{"text":["You know, we don't do a lot of cookbooks on this show. Hugh Acheson's latest cookbook fits right in. It doesn't show much cooking. The chef is shown reading in a lawn chair, taking a hot bath, even playing the cello - at least holding the bow over one.","It's a book about what you can cook - if that's quite the word - while you do something else, even for hours. \"The Chef And The Slow Cooker\" is by Hugh Acheson, the acclaimed Canadian Southern chef who owns big-name restaurants in Georgia and is a judge on \"Top Chef. \"He joins us from WABE in Atlanta.","Chef, thanks so much for being with us.","It's great to be here, Scott."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn in (3) has an implied meaning of appreciation rather than a literal meaning of thanks.","questions":"Which word in turn 2 has an implied meaning of appreciation?","answer":"Appreciation"}
{"text":["So this will help the basketball players and then also the track events. But the good thing is obviously with these developments - the wheelchairs (unintelligible) through the people, you know, everyday people that use wheelchairs, and it will mean it's more lightweight for them to lift, say, in and out of vehicles.","And some of this stuff then filters in back to the general public.","Yeah, I mean, and that's a great thing, you know, the flow sort of from elite to high street, as we refer to it, is great. So you start seeing that, for example, with push bikes. We see a lot of that now available, helmet design from bikes, you say that. Swimwear is another thing that we see a lot of technology flowing into the high street.","Let's talk about swimwear because there was a kind of swimwear that was used and is now banned, and something new is taking its place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"it will mean it's more lightweight for them to lift\" - The literal meaning of \"more lightweight\" is redundant, as the adjective \"lightweight\" already implies that the object is light. The intended meaning is that the wheelchairs will be lighter, making them easier for people to lift.","questions":"How will the developments help people who use wheelchairs?","answer":"Easier"}
{"text":["Exactly. And they're all seeing poll numbers where the president's numbers nationally have slipped into the 30s. But when it comes to Republican voters, the president remains strong.","Now, your newspaper, The Washington Post, is reporting this morning that President Trump tried to get Jeff Sessions to drop the charges against Sheriff Arpaio. But he was advised that this would be inappropriate. Is this just another instance of the president being a newbie politician, someone that's kind of just new to the job here?","It's also an example of how the president's not only an outsider trying to intervene in these kinds of legal affairs. But he's been working on this Arpaio pardon for months, going as far as to ask the attorney general, one of his top allies, at least early in the administration to stop the prosecution from moving forward to help Arpaio get off. And this is raising concerns in both parties about the kind of behavior the president has when it comes to criminal justice. Is he doing too much to intervene?That's the question on Capitol Hill.","So not a snap decision. You say he's been working on it for a while."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Is he doing too much to intervene? That's the question on Capitol Hill.\" - The actual meaning implied here is that there are concerns in both parties about the president's behavior when it comes to criminal justice, particularly his intervention in the Arpaio case.","questions":"How are concerns over the president's behavior in criminal justice described by both parties?","answer":"Intervention"}
{"text":["It's time now for our Africa Update. The search begins for an African Einstein. In South Africa this week, at least two dozen people have been killed in a wave of attacks on foreigners and we look at Rwanda's new economic force, women. For more, we've got Roxanne Lawson, she's director of Africa Policy for TransAfrica Forum. Hey, Roxanne.","Hi, how are you doing?","I'm doing great. So let's talk about some disturbing news form South Africa. It's the biggest economic power on the continent and plenty of immigrants from other African nations are flooding into the country, legally or not. South Africans are accusing these immigrants of taking away jobs and causing crime, in some ways it's similar to a lot of the debates right here in the U. S.  Now, some South Africans are getting into brutal attacks on foreigners. At least 24 people have been killed in unrest that broke out a week ago. So what's the latest on the violence?","You're directly right that it actually is very much like what we see here in the United States with our migration issues. As of this morning, official reports that 217 people have been arrested, over 3,000 have been displaced and 22 people are dead."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"South Africans are accusing these immigrants of taking away jobs and causing crime\" - This turn has a figurative meaning, as immigrants are not literally taking away jobs and causing crime, but rather this is a perceived issue by some South Africans.","questions":"How are immigrants viewed by some South Africans?","answer":"Blamed"}
{"text":["Oh, yes, it's 63 as we're speaking now. So that's a 33-degree drop from what it was just a few hours ago last night.","But what's the week been like?","You know, hard for people in a country that's not used to heat and doesn't have much air conditioning. The five hottest summers here since 1500 have been - all been since 2000. So you have - do have more people here asking, if I could put it this way, does a chateau have to fall on your head to see that the earth, France included, is getting hotter?","Yeah (laughter) I know you were in Paris during the 2003 heatwave. And that left 15,000 people dead according to estimates. And it's still considered a marker in French history."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Not an actual home falling onto people's head but an obvious, large amount of information becomes understood.","questions":"Which event during the 2003 heatwave left 15,000 people dead according to estimates?","answer":"Heatwave"}
{"text":["Remind everyone that immigrants are one of the greatest blessings that the good Lord has brought to America. Immigrants are a blessing and not a curse. This dumb idea that Latinos are changing America - and if the manifesto is legitimate - we're not a hundred percent certain - but if the manifesto is legitimate and authentic, it speaks to a troubled individual that may very well be part of a troubled group of individuals in this country that once again want to resurrect a nativist, white nationalist mindset that will not survive in the 21st century.","My message is this - conservatives, Republicans, Democrats, liberals - let's come together, and let's annihilate white nationalism, nativistic, xenophobic attitudes in America once and for all. Let's bring the country together and let's address immigration. And it's a win-win across the board.","That's Reverend Samuel Rodriguez. He's president of the National Hispanic Christian Leadership Conference.","Reverend Rodriguez, thanks so much for talking to us once again."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker wants to address the negative views towards immigrants in America and reject white nationalism and xenophobia","questions":"How does the speaker want to address negative views towards immigrants in America?","answer":"annihilate"}
{"text":["How did it change me to lose a parent?","Yeah.","Do you have both your parents?","Nope."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Losing a parent can have a profound impact on someone's life.","questions":"Which event can impact someone's life significantly?","answer":"Losing"}
{"text":["Thanks for allowing me to be on your show.","You didn't have kind words for Donald Trump in that interview, but why did you think Democrats who want to impeach him are misguided?","I've sat through impeachment. I understand that it's not a walk in the park. It takes a supermajority to impeach a president, and it's just not going to happen. And I think that we would be better off focusing on health care, the huge, huge amounts of money in politics that is ruining the body politic, climate change, which is sweeping the world.","So what I think you're saying is you need to - the Democrats have to have another message that isn't solely about removing the president."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Democrats wanting to impeach Trump is not a good idea and they should focus on other issues.","questions":"How did PersonA suggest the Democrats should shift their focus from impeaching Trump?","answer":"Shift"}
{"text":["I think it is.","Oh my gosh!","I think it is.","This is a huge day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A is expressing that this is an important or significant day.","questions":"What is PersonA's emotional reaction to the situation?","answer":"Excited"}
{"text":["I got a glance over the weekend, and the sky was beautifully blue. I mean, really, it was wonderful. And the air pollution index for that day was exceedingly low. Also, it was like 17. That's lowest since I've been keeping track.","This, I think, has to do with changes in weather patterns that appeared to start somewhere in the first week of August. The arrival of rainfall and winds from the northeast and form the northwest, which would bring in cleaner air, and in particular lack of strong winds from the south that would bring up the heavy levels of pollution.","Yet, you've said earlier that the air pollution in Beijing mostly blows in from elsewhere. So these steps that the city officials have taken in recent months with changing traffic patterns and closing factories, really, that's not a factor here?","Well, you know, I've been looking at the day they very carefully tried to decide what is really going on this summer. We know that the controls did something. It's just that I, at least, am unable to pick out their effects in the data so far."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"got a glance\" means \"saw briefly\" rather than \"obtained a glance\"","questions":"What was the air pollution index on the day PersonA saw the blue sky?","answer":"17"}
{"text":["First of all, as a citizen, every person who died there - it doesn't matter. Israeli or Palestinian - it's heartbreaking. But from the other side, just imagine you have to protect yourself. And I think Israel protected herself.","Weren't there are a lot of innocent people, though, and children certainly unarmed?","I don't know. I know that 60 people - or something like that - got killed. And it's heartbreaking. But 50 of them were terror members of the Hamas. This is what the Hamas said. But let's talk about art.","All right. What do you hope Americans will learn watching \"Fauda\"?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker thinks that innocent people and children were killed in the conflict","questions":"How does PersonB respond to PersonA's statement about innocent people and children being killed in the conflict?","answer":"Heartbreaking"}
{"text":["No, I didn't, actually. You know, I thought - you know, it was a possibility. We were kind of going into it blind, hoping we could - you know, my family and I, when I say we - we could get some money.","You know, a lot of people would look at you and say, you had such a promising future in football, possibly. You had a free ride to college and, you know, you gave that all up. Do you really feel like, you know, it was the right thing?","Yeah. You know, I think I would rather be - not to say that I couldn't get injured with anything else in life, because I can. I think living a life injury free is much better than not having to pay off student loans. But at the same time, being in pain and having trouble walking and maybe possibly knee and hip surgeries and things like that - and, you know, head injuries of course, with the memory - so I think I'd rather, you know, I'd rather be paying off student loans than having trouble getting down the stairs or something in the morning or, like, something like that.","And now you have equal offers for basketball or. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The family was taking a chance by investing in a potential financial opportunity without having any guarantee of success.","questions":"Which family member was hoping to get some money?","answer":"Family"}
{"text":["Shannon, of course, we're dealing with a breaking news event. And it's the inclination of and the policy of this news organization to be conservative rather than to be inaccurate. We know that people are going to see and hear another - other numbers that are out there. We are reporting what we can confirm at the moment. There is a suspect in custody. As I understand it, the area is still not considered safe. They're asking people to remain in their homes, yes?","That's right. They're warning people to stay inside their homes, stay away from the area of the synagogue. And also, reportedly, according to the synagogue's website, this was the busiest service, the most packed service of the week for the synagogue, the Saturday morning service. So we can expect that there were probably multiple people inside the synagogue at the time.","So there's a suspect in custody. Police at the same time have to be worried that perhaps someone else could be involved, and that's why the area - why they're still telling people to shelter in place.","That's right. Until, you know, fairly recently this morning, it was an active shooter situation. The details of the shooting, whether there were more than one person involved, we don't know that yet, or even a motive."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The news organization prioritizes accuracy over speed in reporting breaking news (1 suspect in custody confirmed)","questions":"Which policy does the news organization prioritize when reporting breaking news?","answer":"Accuracy"}
{"text":["Absolutely. In fact, Dr.  Landreth and his colleagues have replied to these four and said no, no, no, wait. I mean, while the general tenor is you've got four papers that didn't replicate our findings, there are elements of these papers that, in fact, do replicate their findings.","So, in particular, some of the behaviors improved in some of the animals that were tested in these other studies, and a particular form of the amyloid - the so-called soluble amyloid, or the oligomeric form of the amyloid - was in fact replicated in these other papers.","So Dr.  Landreth and colleagues are saying no, no, no. I mean, some features weren't, but in general, the basic premise was replicated.","Since that original study came out, did you have patients that actually came to specifically asking for this drug based on the reports they heard in the news?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : General tenor means that the basic idea is true but there is conflicting data.","questions":"What is replicated in the other papers?","answer":"Behaviors"}
{"text":["Yes, absolutely. It's an era that began shortly after the Civil War, when Congress, in order to allow the former Confederate states back into the Union, insisted that they hold constitutional conventions which would make it possible for black men to vote. And so that caused a kind of electoral revolution in the south. You suddenly had blacks not only voting, something that they were very enthusiastic about, but also electing black officials for the first time. So you had the beginning of a series of about 20 black congressmen who came to Washington from the south and served through - in the end of reconstruction in the late 1870s and then, as you mentioned, all the way up to George White, the very end of the century.","Now, you write about the first seven black members of Congress. What did they have in common beside their race?For example, they weren't all former slaves, were they?","The one thing that I think they had in common was that they all were very exceptional people. Some of them had been slaves. Some had been free blacks. What they had in common was a kind of a, you know, sort of ambition to lead and to serve.","Of these early black politicians, who stands out for you and why?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Stands out\"  meaning that who is the most exceptional, not meaning to stand outside of everyone else","questions":"How did the interviewer ask about the most exceptional black politician in the early days of black members of Congress?","answer":"asked"}
{"text":["Wow. So that must have even surprised the researchers, I imagine.","Yeah, well the big thing is nobody really has any even guess about how the brain is able to do this. They did some similar experiments where they weren't turning somebody's world upside-down, they were - they had goggles that reversed right and left. So everything that was on your right is suddenly on your left.","And again, the first few days were just madness from the point of view of somebody doing this. The whole world is reversed. But after a few days, the brain adjusted to it.","Amazing. And so when they took the goggles of him and he had to go back to the normal life, how long did that take?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The brain is capable of adjusting to normalcy after experiencing an unusual situation.","questions":"How did the brain react to reversed right and left goggles?","answer":"Adjusted"}
{"text":["James Foley would have turned 41 today. The journalist who was murdered by the Islamic State was known for his reporting on the conflicts of the Middle East. Jim Foley's life will be celebrated in his hometown of Rochester, New Hampshire today. The memorial service is taking place at Our Lady of the Holy Rosary Parish. Father Marc Montminy, a close friend of the family, is leading the service. He joins us now. Thanks for being with us.","You're very welcome. It's good to be with you.","What do you remember about Jim Foley?","We remember him as a child. Many people around the world remember him more as an adult 'cause when you're young, you see people from one vantage point. As you get older, they develop and grow into their own person. Jim was always a happy guy. He was also, I felt, very pensive at times. He was a thinker. He was the type of guy who could see things that perhaps other people didn't see as clearly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"He was the type of guy who could see things that perhaps other people didn't see as clearly.\" - The literal meaning of this statement is that Jim Foley had the ability to perceive things more clearly than others.","questions":"Which journalist does PersonB mention in the beginning of the dialogue?","answer":"James"}
{"text":["There is also a pledge now by this, again, outside group, the opposition coalition, to actually try to form a government in exile as soon as this weekend. It's a long-time coming.","Yeah. This has been going on for a while. They've talking about forming this government in exile for a long time. As we've seen with many of these different Syrian opposition groups, the political groups, the people who are based outside, they have a hard time. There's some reasons for that. I mean, it's hard for someone to say they want to claim responsibility as the leader of a group because they immediately become a target, their families become a target from the Syrian regime. But there's also just a lot of disagreement about who should lead. Should he be from the south?Should he be from the capital - he or she?Should he be a she?","You know, and, you know, secular, Islamist, which group - Christian minority, majority Sunni, so these are the questions that they're all hammering out. There's supposed to be a meeting in the coming ways. We've heard that that might be postponed.","Really?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Based outside\" doesn't mean they are outdoors, it means they are outsiders to the current government. They are not in power now.","questions":"What is the reason for the Syrian opposition groups struggling to claim leadership?","answer":"Target"}
{"text":["Now, again, I spent my life being hassled by white cops. And the first thing I thought was, do you mean to tell me after everything I've been through, that St.  Peter is a white cop?That was the first thing that went through my mind.","Oh, my gosh. Well, that is a clear sign of your sense of humor. Brian, just stay with us. We won't keep you too much longer. Brian Copeland is the author of the book and creator of the production \"Not a Genuine Black Man. \"","And next on NEWS & NOTES, if you or someone you love is struggling with depression or mental illness, where do you turn?We've got two medical experts with a long history of promoting mental health. Plus, we read from your letters.","I'm Farai Chideya, and this is NEWS & NOTES. This month, we are focusing on the critical issue of mental health. We're also speaking with Brian Copeland, the author of the book and creator of the production \"Not a Genuine Black Man. \""],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A jokingly questions if St. Peter is a white cop due to his negative experiences with white cops.","questions":"How did PersonA react to his experiences with white cops?","answer":"Jokingly"}
{"text":["Explain to me why that's a problem. I think defenders of the president would say Jared Kushner has a direct line of communication to the president of the United States, who will actually listen to him.","And that's OK. But that means that Jared Kushner, if he is going to play that role, should at least be informing the president by informing himself, by learning about the issues, by studying the issues, by doing the homework.","What was the personal calculation for you coming out publicly and speaking out about why you resigned as ambassador?Other foreign service officers have not chosen the same route. They have sort of quietly left.","That's correct. And that was my intention. There was an official at the Department of State who read my private letter of resignation to the president. And we know that this happened because it was published by Reuters. And it was there that I wrote to the president that when I was a junior officer, I had signed an oath to completely and fully implement foreign policy, even policies with which I might have disagreed. And then my instructors made clear to me that if there ever came a time when I could no longer do that, I would be honor bound to resign. And that time has come."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He can talk to the president directly with no in between people.","questions":"How does Jared Kushner communicate with the president?","answer":"Direct"}
{"text":["Well, we had some great conversations about what it took to play the position. And you know, Bob Watson, who started out as a catcher, was one of the committee members. Phil Niekro, Bert Blyleven and Don Sutton, Pat Gillick, all pitchers, all Hall Famers, were really able to add a lot of insight to what it must have been like.","And the other - one of the main things we talked about was just how they played much shorter schedules in the 1870s. So when you look at career statistics, that's a huge distortion. Deacon White ended up with 2,000 career hits, but he was playing in a - in an average of 40, 50, 60-game schedules a year. So there was no way to generate the kind of career milestones that we look at as benchmarks today. You know, 3,000 hits would be all but impossible. And 2,000 was a terrific accomplishment.","And the number of errors he recorded even as a great defensive catcher would have been, you know, totally unacceptable by today's standards.","Oh, exactly. Yeah. And again, an issue where we had to really sort of look at what - compare him to people from his own era. And when we did that, you know, it became really obvious just how much he stood above his contemporaries.","Are the records from those days good enough that you have reliable accounts of who was good and who was great?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Bob Watson's transition from catcher to committee member added unique insight to the position.","questions":"Which position did Bob Watson start out in?","answer":"Catcher"}
{"text":[". . . About 30 seconds left.","OK.","Do you think the administration perceives ISIS as a greater threat than the Assad regime in Syria and is making that choice in so many words?","Scott, that's the problem. The Iraq strategy is clear, but the Syria strategy is a muttle (ph) because there's a desire to the defeat ISIL. And we've had some success with the Kurds in the north, but there hasn't been a clear strategy vis-a-vis Assad. These are two problems that are connected, and you can't have a strategy that's just about one. We're hoping for a, you know, a strong outcome to these discussions in Geneva, the restart of a peace discussion about Syria. But we've been pursuing a strategy in Syria that's kind of a half strategy without having a strategy on Assad and the refugee crisis and so many other (unintelligible) for that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) implies that B is asking A to comment on the administration's decision to prioritize the threat of ISIS over the Assad regime in Syria, ","questions":"How does PersonA describe the Syria strategy pursued by the administration?","answer":"muddle"}
{"text":["That's correct.",". . . Epstein's lawyers. OK, because I was asking about Epstein's lawyers.","Oh. Well, he - they aren't saying anything right now. They haven't seen the charges. So until they see the charges, I don't know how much they really want to say. They want to understand what they're up against to start with.","And so what are the lawyers for the victims saying?","Well, like I said, they were shocked, stunned. I don't think - I think that they suspected that something was happening with the Southern District of New York, which was investigating this and brought the charges. But I don't think they thought that it would happen this fast. I thought they thought it would be a very long process to try to get him. That's what makes me suspect that maybe they have a very good witness on their side."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"understand what they're up against\" implies understand what they're confronted with.","questions":"What do Epstein's lawyers want to understand?","answer":"Confronted"}
{"text":["So I always tell people, look at your many choices. Don't close any doors. But the fact is that, you know, take your passion, take it as far as you can, but understand you've got to make a living, and you've got to pay the loan back.","What about people like you, who are college presidents?What challenges are you facing in trying to make sure that you can get a broad variety of students from different backgrounds?","Farai, you know, what keeps me up at night is the young women who want to be admitted but don't have the dollars, the young women who are students who are continuing, who are saying, I need more financial aid, the young women whose parents can't take out another loan. That literally keeps me up at night. If you see me again and I'm gray, that's what did it.","I mean literally. I mean, I wake up in the - you know, I wake up in the middle of the night and say, how can I find money for these young people?It is a challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Pursuing passion is important, but financial stability is also crucial.","questions":"What specifically keeps the speaker up at night regarding young women and college admissions?","answer":"house"}
{"text":["Are some people giving up?","Some people are. I've heard some of my clients say, maybe we will hire less foreign nationals. Maybe, you know, it's becoming too difficult because, obviously, as you know, there's a cost associated with this, too. And some companies are in a position to take on these costs. Some others are not. So you get to the position where companies may turn around and say, well, we just won't hire anybody, and we won't care about the best and the brightest. We will just go forward and not do any of these applications in the future.","Immigration lawyer Pierre Bonnefil, thank you so much for speaking with us.","You're very welcome. Thank you. Have a great day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The companies's representatives will look at the hiring  situation and make a statement.","questions":"Which representatives will make a statement?","answer":"Companies"}
{"text":["Do not worry about that.","It's so hard to, like, finally put yourself in a place where you're ready to tell the world and then to feel like any justice that you would have gotten out of that has been robbed from you.","Do you think something can be done now?Is there something you want to see done now that would help you feel that justice has been done?","I don't know. People keep asking me that, and I keep going back and forth 'cause one minute, I'm like, no, there is no justice. My justice was - I needed him to hear what I had to say, and I'm never going to get that. But then there's part of me that's like, no, I'm going after this like a dragon, and I will find justice somehow."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Going after this like a dragon\" implies aggressiveness and powerful action.","questions":"Which animal represents the type of action that person plans to take?","answer":"Dragon"}
{"text":["And I was like, ooh, that's catchy. And I was like, uh oh. Song time. And I put my sandwich down, ran to my little studio and just got to work.","\"Jaime\" is a really personal record. It's named for the older sister Brittany adored, the sister who taught her how to play the piano and write poems. Jaime died of cancer when the girls were still kids.","What was she like?","First thing I picture are her nails."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : First thing that he sees in his mind about her is her nails.","questions":"What is the first thing that comes to PersonB's mind when he thinks about Jaime?","answer":"Nails"}
{"text":["You mean somebody rational?","Yeah, someone he could work with.","Yeah.","That would be very good."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is hinting that the situation is difficult or complex.","questions":"Which word suggests that the situation is complex or difficult?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["He says today's number one threat to American national security is nuclear proliferation and terrorism. His new book, \"Will Terrorists Go Nuclear?\"examines both the risks and psychology of nuclear terrorism, and says terrorists don't need to have such weapons to perpetrate nuclear terror.","Nuclear terrorism is about the very frightening possibility that terrorists could acquire and employ nuclear weapons. Nuclear terror is about the anticipation of that event. Nuclear terrorism is about terrorists' capabilities, intelligence, evidence, our assessment of the threat. Nuclear terror is about our imagination.","The history of nuclear terrorism can be briefly summarized. Fortunately there hasn't been any. Many would hasten to add yet. But nuclear terror has a rich history, and it's deeply embedded in our popular culture and our policy making circles.","One of the other things you mentioned in the book, among many, is that al-Qaeda might become the world's first terrorist nuclear power without possessing a single nuclear weapon. And I suppose the answer to that is in part what you just were describing."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Nuclear terrorism is not just about the possibility of terrorists acquiring and using nuclear weapons, but also about the fear and imagination surrounding the threat.","questions":"How is nuclear terrorism not just about terrorists acquiring and using nuclear weapons?","answer":"Fear"}
{"text":["How does your - your vaccine has two parts. Walk me through them.","Well, the approach that has proven successful in our hands is to essentially deliver a one-two punch with our vaccine. We prime the immune system by using a genetic vector that delivers the hemagglutinin in isolation into the muscle.","Once that DNA is introduced into the muscle, it just makes the viral hemagglutinin and induces an immune response to it.","Let me jump in right here because this part I really want to understand. So you put DNA into our bodies, and then what happens exactly on the cellular level?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : one-two punch implies that the vaccine works through a series of actions to produce a result","questions":"What does the term \"one-two punch\" suggest about the way the vaccine works?","answer":"Series"}
{"text":["Well, the regulations that I'm most concerned with are the ones that could be causing issues in getting approvals, new chemistries approved for crops that we grow. Cuts to different agencies could cause approval processes to take longer, which certainly in times where you have different pests and things that need taken care of, whether it's plant pests or, in our case, we have cattle as well, and if there's problems there and we don't have the ability to treat our plants or animals well or with the latest tools - you definitely want things to be safe. But it seems more like it's being pushed to the back burner for political reasons. It's very frustrating as a farmer sometimes when you see needs for things and you know there's fixes coming but regulatory issues are holding them up.","I have to ask, has your business been affected by climate in recent years?","(Laughter) Well, in the agricultural business, everybody's affected by climate. You know, I think anybody that says there's not changes happening is somewhat naive. On the other hand, it's the things that we can do to figure out what things we can do long term to make sure we're, you know, in good position to continue to grow the crops that we have here in the U. S.  and hopefully be profitable in the future and continue to be, you know, the largest producer of food in the world.","Kevin Ross, who grows corn and soybeans and raises cattle in Minden, Iowa, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The government\u2019s lack of interest and prioritization of political issues is causing a delay in getting necessary approvals and treatments for crops and animals.","questions":"What is causing delays in getting necessary approvals?","answer":"Delays"}
{"text":["And I'm sure this was a topic happening this weekend at the Iowa State Fair, where most of the Democratic presidential candidates are. They're hoping to make an impression at the first-in-the-nation caucus. How, Ron, would you assess the Democratic contest right now?","Yes, they all go to the state fair. There seems to be a certain legitimacy that's conferred by posing for pictures with a cow made entirely of butter. The state fair is the unofficial starting gun, as you say, for the Iowa caucuses six months away.","Right now, it's mostly a test of who can be the biggest anti-Trump or who's calling him a racist or who's not calling him a white nationalist or who is or isn't calling for his impeachment. The typical Iowan would probably rather talk about different plans for health care or tariffs on China and China's lack of purchases of some of their products, but talking about Trump gets headlines and brings the cameras.","And China, as you mentioned - the U. S.  has again escalated its trade war with China. The Trump administration labeled China a currency manipulator. That's after China devalued its currency. And that came right after new tariffs the president announced last week. All that has the stock market bouncing around. How is this affecting the presidential race?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The stock market bouncing around means that its values are changing rapidly.","questions":"What does the fluctuation of the stock market indicate?","answer":"Fluctuation"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me. I'm glad to be here.","What's the mood like in Columbus ahead of tonight's game?","First of all, it's been amazing. We've had great attendance. Our first game was a sell-out. And I think the mood is obviously interested to find out who this next national champion's going to be. Mississippi State has never won a national championship. And obviously, Notre Dame - they are a staple in the Final Four. But it would be just their second national title.","What can we expect tonight between Mississippi State and Notre Dame?What can we see?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is excited about the interest and attendance at the games","questions":"What has the speaker found amazing about the games?","answer":"Attendance"}
{"text":["And Border Patrol agents are making a lot of trips to the hospital with sick children up and down the Southwest border - nearly 70 kids a day since December, they say. But immigration officials say it's just hard to keep up with the sheer numbers here. It's putting a huge strain on resources, and they're asking Congress for billions of additional dollars to deal with it.","In the meantime, what more have you learned in your reporting about the death of Carlos Hernandez Vasquez?","Well, a couple of things. One thing that really stands out is that Carlos Hernandez Vasquez died in a Border Patrol station. The previous migrant children who died were taken to the hospital first; Hernandez Vasquez was not even though immigration authorities clearly knew that he was sick. He was diagnosed with the flu by a nurse practitioner.","On the same day, Customs and Border Protection moved him to a different Border Patrol station where they could separate him from the other migrants to stop the spread of the flu. Even Health and Human Services officials were concerned about how ill he was. This is the agency that's responsible for long-term care of unaccompanied children. And HHS decided that Hernandez Vasquez could not be flown to a shelter in Florida because of his illness. So in retrospect, critics say it's hard to see why they did not take him to the hospital."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Carlos Hernandez Vasquez was not given proper medical attention.","questions":"Which migrant child was diagnosed with the flu by a nurse practitioner?","answer":"Carlos"}
{"text":["Now, recent satellite pictures show that they are putting these things back together - the buildings, the rail system, the launch pad. It's not exactly clear when they started. It could have started in mid-February, before the summit. Work could have been going on as recently as over the weekend, after the summit finished.","OK. So the timing of this is a little tricky about whether this is North Korea responding to those summit talks falling apart.","That's right. A couple things to remember. First of all, you know, they can launch missiles from mobile launchers. So this site is not that big a deal. Another thing is that when North Korea made these gestures and said, now, why don't you reciprocate?People were just dismissing these as insignificant concessions. They were saying, you know, North Korea's just trying to hand us their junk. These sites are outdated. They're not worth much. Well, by that token, then people should not be too alarmed about them being reassembled.","OK. So I mean, but we've always talked about that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are, you know, something to be reckoned with. So explain exactly why we're not supposed to be so concerned about this one move."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In this turn, the speaker suggests that people should not be too alarmed about North Korea reassembling certain sites related to their nuclear program. The literal meaning of the words suggests that people should not be worried about these sites because they are outdated and not worth much. However, the implied meaning is that people should not be too concerned about North Korea's actions because the sites are not critical to their nuclear capabilities, and because North Korea may have already been working on them before the summit talks fell apart.","questions":"How should people feel about North Korea reassembling certain sites related to their nuclear program?","answer":"Not-concerned"}
{"text":["It may be, except that the month of May had largely passed before the latest round of trade threats began. So these numbers appear to have more to do with where the overall economy stands after roughly a decade of expansion. We're well into the late stage of the cycle. And some degree of slowdown may be expected. Still, the weak jobs numbers highlighted the dangers of more trade war at this moment.","Impeachment continues a kind of slow roll. Now, you've made the distinction between an impeachment inquiry and actual impeachment proceedings. I wonder if this distinction is lost on many of the American people as they respond to public opinion polls. I mean, Senator Pelosi - or Speaker Pelosi said this week she thinks a lot of people think that impeachment means removing the president from office. Of course, it doesn't.","It doesn't unless the Senate goes along, and you're right. It's a tough issue to poll in part because of that misimpression. And as we have said before, the percentage that favor impeachment as they understand it is well under half. And in fact, it's lower than it was back in September. And the number of House members who favor impeachment has grown. It's up around 60, but that's still only about a quarter of the total Democratic caucus. So this is less a broad mandate from the people than it is a rallying cry for the activist core.","NPR, the PBS NewsHour and Marist organization polled the views of Americans on abortion, and there are both lots of nuance but also some clear generalities, aren't there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The weak jobs numbers highlight the dangers of more trade war.","questions":"What did the weak jobs numbers highlight?","answer":"Dangers"}
{"text":["How fair or accurate is the idea that Joan Kroc gave away Ray Kroc's money to a lot of places and causes of which he would not have approved?","A lot of old-guard McDonald's people I've talked to are angry that Joan made gifts that, in their estimation, were more liberal-leaning than Ray, perhaps, would've liked, including her million-dollar gift to the Democrats - now - and her active work in the peace movement and building these peace institutes at both Notre Dame and the University of San Diego.","I don't think she did it to spite Ray or to get back at him at all, although I do know that during the course of their marriage, she said she suppressed her politics and her interests in some ways because she didn't want to seem untoward. And yet, that doesn't square up with the fact that she started this alcoholism education charity while Ray was clearly afflicted. So the dichotomy or the juxtaposition of all these odd facts with Joan is what makes her so interesting to me. She was a very complicated person.","Lisa Napoli, her book, \"Ray And Joan: The Man Who Made The Mcdonald's Fortune And The Woman Who Gave It All Away. \""],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Lisa Napoli wrote a book about Ray and Joan Kroc, but its actual meaning is that Lisa Napoli wrote a book about Ray and Joan Kroc and their relationship.","questions":"Which relationship?","answer":"Ray"}
{"text":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Karodzic's brother made a mistake that ultimately exposed his identity.","questions":"Which mistake led to the exposure of Karodzic's identity?","answer":"Mistake"}
{"text":["In Iran, state media are reporting the seizure of another tanker in the Persian Gulf. The ship was reportedly taken by Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps, and seven crew members were detained. It would mark the third seizure of a foreign ship by Iran in the past two weeks. NPR's Peter Kenyon is following the story from Istanbul, and he joins us now.","Morning.","Hi, Lulu.","What do we know so far about this latest seizure?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : i can take care my self for sure","questions":"How confident are you in your ability to handle difficult situations?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["The tech companies cover a whole spectrum of businesses. And I think you'd have to go through the processes and procedures we have in place to look at, are they hurting competition, and are they negatively affecting the prices that consumers pay for their services and their goods.","Well, a lot of research has been done into it. What do you think?Do you think they are?","I think that Amazon, in certain ways, clearly is restraining the creation of businesses. And I think that's an important filter. That's my entrepreneurial filter. I mean, Amazon is able to see which of their vendors are most successful in selling their products. And then if Amazon decides to, they can go and acquire that specific company. That seems like an unfair competitive advantage to many people.","You said that red tape is preventing the creation of businesses. President Trump has famously made deregulation a big part of his pitch to the American people. Does President Trump have a point?Are we an overly regulated society?","When you get rid of all the regulations, as Donald Trump is suggesting, really, we become incredibly vulnerable to what appear to be small decisions, but they become bigger decisions. We need regulation. What I was saying is we don't need red tape, right?While I was governor, we went through 24,500 rules and regulations. And we looked for the red tape that really is not adding regulatory value."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Tech companies may have negative impact on competition and consumer prices.","questions":"What is the focus of the entrepreneur filter mentioned by A?","answer":"Acquisition"}
{"text":["You could also - I think this is a terrific time to be as diversified as humanly possible. You want a little in bonds, you want a little in cash, you want some in stocks, you want some in international stocks. That way, at least if part of the economy falls apart, there are other things that will boost your returns.","You mentioned something I want to follow up on again with you about diversifying your portfolio, if you have one. If you do decide to move your money, whether it's a portfolio or a small savings account, and you want to do it right now because you're not confident, where should you put that money?","Ah. Well, I think that if you're really terrified of everything, your local bank is going to insure your savings account up to one hundred thousand dollars, more if you have a retirement account. And frankly, if the government falls through on that, you probably have other things in your life to worry about than what your savings are doing, like where am I going to get my canned goods?","Well, that's an interesting - an interesting response. I'm sure you heard Bill Spriggs earlier talk about Goldman Sachs and the end of the investment bank as we know it. A lot of times - you know, the corner bank is not the institution that it once was, so we have commercial banks, we no longer have investment banks. Does it make a difference which bank, which type of bank you now put your money in, given the crisis that we're facing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The 'canned goods' comment isn't literal, but it implies that if the US government fails, society will crash and be unstable, and there may even be food shortages.","questions":"What does the canned goods comment suggest?","answer":"instability"}
{"text":["I have - I guess it's a practical question because I'm remembering a number of executions that were stalled because there's been this shortage of drugs available to carry out executions. Has that changed?","It has not changed. But Attorney General Bill Barr says the Justice Department no longer wants to use that three-drug cocktail. Instead, he says, Justice is going to follow the protocol already deployed by states like Georgia and Texas. They use just one of those drugs. And Bill Barr says that method has been upheld by federal courts already, so he says it's not out of line with the Eighth Amendment ban on cruel and unusual punishment.","And, Carrie, this decision by the federal government would seemed to run counter to what we're actually watching happen in a number of states, isn't that right?","Exactly. Across the country, the population on death row in states has been shrinking for many years. There were just 25 executions last year. They seem to happen more often in southern states. And the Justice Department says it now takes on average more than 20 years between a state death sentence and an actual execution. So in many states, people are dying of natural causes before they can be executed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to run counter with something means that the opposite of what was predicted to happen actually happened despite the circumstances","questions":"What does the term \"run counter\" mean?","answer":"Contrary"}
{"text":["No problem.","Aren't the British the original soccer hooligans?","Yeah, exactly. And the Russian fans rioting in France right now, for them the inspiration was the English football hooligan scene of the 1970s, '80s and '90s even. They see England as a spiritual home of football hooliganism, as it were.","How does football hooliganism wind up being a source of inspiration?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This statement implies that the British are known for Soccer disruption.","questions":"How are the British associated with soccer disruption?","answer":"Disruption"}
{"text":["At dusk tonight - the Belmont stakes, and an engaging chestnut named California Chrome has a chance to be the first horse to win the Triple Crown - a sweep of all three of the major thoroughbred races since 1978. We're honored now to be joined by Laura Hillenbrand. She's a horse rider by trade, of course she's author of the perpetual best-selling \"Seabiscuit. \"Laura, thanks so much for being with us.","I'm so happy to be here Scott.","What is there about the Belmont stakes that frustrates so many great four-legged athletes who've already won two big races?","They call it the test of their champion for a reason. It is a tricky race. It's run around the biggest track in the country so strategy is different. You have to move a different place. It's a race that requires a lot of the jockey.","The thing that makes it the hardest in terms of sweeping the whole Triple Crown is the horse that gets there with a chance to win it as California Chrome has. They've already competed in the Derby and the Preakness, which are two incredibly difficult races. And now, in the span of five weeks, they have to try the third one. And it's the hardest one of all, the longest one of all. It's really asking a huge amount of them. And that's why, in my whole racing fan life, I have never seen a horse sweep the Triple Crown. I've seen 12 horses go to the Belmont with a chance to win it, and all of them have failed.","California Chrome is called the people's horse, kind of like Seabiscuit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"It's a race that requires a lot of the jockey.\" - The literal meaning of this phrase is that the race demands a great deal from the jockey. The figurative meaning is that the jockey needs to have a lot of skill and experience to navigate the race successfully.","questions":"How does the Belmont stakes test the jockey?","answer":"Tricky"}
{"text":["How much did you pay for that last box of Girl Scout cookies you bought?Five bucks, six maybe, maybe more?How about $15 billion?That's the price of a single box if - if it were turned into graphine. Researchers at Rice University in Houston have discovered a way to turn anything with carbon into graphine, the super-strong wonder material that can be worth over two million times the price of gold. You heard that right, two million times.","Forget alchemy, that's for chumps. This is graphene, worth a lot more in its weight of gold. Marc Abrahams, editor and founder of the Annals of Improbable Research is here to tell us why graphene is so pricey and what this invention could mean for nanotechnology. Welcome back to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thanks, Ira, nice to be back.","So what is this thing about turning Girl Scout cookies into graphene?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Girl Scout cookies can be turned into graphene, a valuable material.","questions":"Which valuable material can be made out of Girl Scout cookies according to the statement?","answer":"Graphene"}
{"text":["Mm hmm.","Interracial relationships, though, may still be controversial to some degree. How do you see the difference if you see one between interracial relationships today and the way they were when you were doing Society's Child?","You know, it's a huge difference from my viewpoint. There will always be those people who are just backward and ignorant. There will always be those people. They need somebody to feel superior to. For my point of view, I live in Nashville, Tennessee, there's no way I could have lived in Nashville at 16 in 1966, '67. There's no way that Nashville would have had room for somebody like me then. I see interracial couples all the time in Nashville. I'm a Jew in Nashville. I'm a gay person in Nashville. It's a non-issue in most of the time. That's a huge leap forward.","(Singing) You come to my door, baby, Your face is clean and shinning, black as night. My momma went to answer, You know, that you looked so kind. Now, I could understand the tears and the shame, She called you, boy, instead of your name, When she wouldn't let you inside, When she turned and said, \"But, honey, he's not our kind. \"She says I can't see you anymore, baby, I can't see you anymore."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : she says I can't see you anymore, baby, I can't see you anymore.","questions":"How does the PersonA's mother refer to the person at the door?","answer":"Boy"}
{"text":["You mean the wall, the proposed wall.","Correct - fencing. And I believe that, in terms of targeting sanctuary cities, I think law enforcement - local law enforcement should refer to federal authorities people who they detain, undocumented immigrants who have criminal record. So I support that. At the same time, I do believe that we need to find a way to deal constructively with undocumented immigrants, the majority of whom pose no threat to our communities. And right now the Republican Party seems to be stuck, not willing to deal constructively with undocumented immigrants. And that's the key. So I'm hopeful that, you know, if we secure the border, we remove undocumented immigrants who have criminal records - that, eventually, Congress could deal in a more humane, constructive way with undocumented immigrants.","Just very briefly, do you think that this bill is a nonstarter?","I think so. I think it's not going anywhere. I think he did it to please his base, to energize his base. But, frankly, it goes nowhere."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"At the same time, I do believe that we need to find a way to deal constructively with undocumented immigrants, the majority of whom pose no threat to our communities.\"","questions":"How does PersonA believe the majority of undocumented immigrants pose a threat to communities?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["You know, it was actually that friends started hearing we were doing this and said, well, have you thought about sharing them?So, about a year ago, I rounded up 10 or 12 people in town, and I said, OK, I'm going to mail you, I'm going to email you a math problem every night. Try it with your kids and tell me what happens. And within days, people were telling me that their kids were starting to bug them for the math problem every night.","Mm-hmm. Give me a sample of a math problem. Give us a math problem sample.","Sure. So, a couple of days ago, we did one on animals that have eight legs. And, you know, how do you walk when you have eight feet without tripping over yourself?So I actually watched a video of a crab walking to see how they do this. There's also a spider video out there. I couldn't bring myself to watch that. That was going to give me nightmares. But I watched the crab one, and there's a pattern.","The four feet on one side go one, three, two, four, and the ones on the other side do the same thing, alternating. So if the pattern is one, five, three, seven, two, six, four eight, and then you do one, five, three again, which leg takes the next step?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Their kids starting asking them repeatedly for math problems every night.","questions":"Which activity started after people heard about what they were doing?","answer":"Sharing"}
{"text":["Let's wrap up, Ron, by talking about taxes. The House wants to try to pass a tax bill - an overhaul bill - by Thanksgiving. What can we look forward to there?","This week, we should see the pigs start coming out of the poke. The tax chairman on the House side, Republican Kevin Brady, is going to show us what his details show - legislative language. We're going to find out really who's going to be paying more, who's going to be paying less. And that could really kick off some political fallout.","Right because, obviously, the devil is in the details. And the vote could be very slim, at least on the Senate side, right?They can't afford to lose many at all.","That's right. Maybe they can lose 2 and still prevail in the Senate because their margin is basically 2. But we've got Rand Paul from Kentucky and Bob Corker of Tennessee both saying they don't want to add to the deficit. As it stands now, this plan would add 1. 5 trillion to the national debt."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A:\tThat's right.Maybe they can lose 2 and still prevail in the Senate because their margin is basically 2.But we've got Rand Paul from Kentucky and Bob Corker of Tennessee both saying they don't want to add to the deficit.As it stands now, this plan would add 1.5 trillion to the national debt.","questions":"How much would the proposed tax plan add to the national debt?","answer":"1.5"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, you know, I've been all over places talking about this because clearly as a scientist who understands the peer review literature and the president of the AMS, who recently released a 2012 climate change statement, I know that climate change is an issue and there are things that we need to be concerned about with human-caused climate change and the natural climate change.","But on tornados, the peer review literature is just not very mature on this right now. It's much more mature on the link between climate change and drought or heat waves or even the intensity of rainfall, and even more so as well on hurricanes in terms of the intensity of hurricanes, perhaps, increasing in the future. And if I were to cascade along that spectrum, scientific literature relating individual tornadic occurrence in climate change is very immature at this point","I think we have to be careful on that jump, although I know there's a tendency to do it. There is great deal of research ongoing right now at places like Purdue University or even by one of our doctoral students, Victo Gensini, here at the University of Georgia, looking at climate change and the type of environment that might emerge that could support, you know, tornadic storms, wind shear profiles that Jeff Trapp and others at Purdue have been doing this work as well. So that's sort of where we are, and I think we just have to be very careful on sort of causality for individual tornadic storms.","And that's where we have to leave it. Thank you for joining us today, Dr.  Shepherd."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : We have to be careful on how we link tornadic activity and other weather instances together.","questions":"How is the maturity level of the peer review literature on tornados and climate change?","answer":"Causality"}
{"text":["I want to kind of mention quickly the things that are floating out there as rumors and are not confirmed. Again, these are things that people are talking about and are not confirmed. There are many people who immediately assumed this is a terror attack. Tovia, this is not confirmed.","Not confirmed. Nothing about the cause of this, whether it was some kind of unintentional explosion from down in a manhole or something or whether it was a bomb. The police do tell me that the bomb squad is on the scene, as you would expect, along with police and fire and rescue, but they are not talking about the cause. They - a briefing is coming soon but it's taking some time to maneuver down there and also to collect some good information, some hard data about what's going on and numbers of injured and the rest.","What agency are you speaking with to confirm what's going on?Is it the Boston Police Department?","Boston police is who I have been talking to. The hospitals are confirming that people are on their way as well.","This is TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The authorities are not revealing the actual cause of the explosion.","questions":"How are the authorities keeping the cause of the explosion?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["Maybe in part but certainly not for all of it. I mean, look. You can see how investor might be inspired by the Trump administration, right?He is seen as business-friendly, as is the Republican Congress. They're talking about cutting corporate taxes. They're talking about cutting regulations. So that might make investors more bullish.","But you have so many other factors that weigh on the markets. For example, low interest rates. That might be sending stocks higher. Job creation is steady, like we were saying. And the global economy is doing OK.  And one other thing to emphasize here, Donald Trump does have a lot of economic policies he wants to pass. You know, he's talked about infrastructure. They've talked about overhauling the tax code. Those things haven't happened yet.","Who seems to benefit from the stock market climb right now?","Definitely rich people, I mean, is the short answer. You know, according to data from 2013 - and I find this astounding - the top 10 percent of households in terms of wealth owned 80 percent of the stocks in America. That's a huge discrepancy. And still others, you know, are invested via retirement accounts. So you have some of the middle class that is benefiting, but you have all of those other people that own no stock. They might see some indirect effects."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Who seems to benefit from the stock market climb right now? - Implied meaning: Who is most likely to benefit from the current rise in stock prices?","questions":"How much of the stocks in America are owned by the top 10 percent of households in terms of wealth according to data from 2013?","answer":"80"}
{"text":["First was a story of tremendous heartbreak, tremendous disappointment of people who had, in many cases, been displaced for many years during the country's long civil war, who had returned home to South Sudan only to find a few years later that they were being displaced again. That feeling of being uprooted when they had expected to be settled once and for all back home was really palpable and really so tragic and heartbreaking to see.","But at the same time, I also saw a story of incredible resilience and strength, people who after having walked in many cases for days or weeks to arrive in Uganda were setting about constructing their own homes, beginning to plant the small fields that are allocated around their homes. It's just, I think, an incredible testament to the resilience of the South Sudanese people.","When we think of refugee crises, of course, we often envision refugee camps, but tell us about the plots of land that refugees receive in Uganda.","Well, unlike a lot of the refugee camps around the world, where where my organization, Oxfam, works, people in Uganda and the refugee settlement model they have are actually spread out in agricultural settlements, where they are granted in the case of Uganda plots of land 30 by 30 meters or 50 by 50 meters. And that's so they can plant some of the crops that they are accustomed to from home, things like corn, beans."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Ugandan refugee settlement model provides refugees with an opportunity to live a self-sufficient life, with the ability to grow their own food and perhaps even build a livelihood.","questions":"How does the Ugandan refugee settlement model promote self-sufficiency?","answer":"Granted"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . And they're called casseurs - breakers. They love to smash windows. They love to tear stuff up. And actually, the interior minister said that Marine Le Pen - that's the far-right leader - sent out far-right, you know, hooligans to cause havoc. So she, of course, denies that. But in every demonstration in France, these young men - they wear hoods, and they love to come out. So there's definitely that element.","And I've been talking to people out here. You know, a father had his 6-year-old daughter out here. He's not out there smashing things. So they're angry. They feel like their march is being taken over. But I can hear them screaming, Macron resign, way up, chanting in the crowd. So yes, people are causing, you know, damage and havoc, but there are regular people who are just angry.","NPR's Eleanor Beardsley on the streets of Paris. Eleanor, thanks very, very much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : elements in this context is something that causes something else, or something that can help something, in this case its asthma","questions":"What medical condition is being compared to the elements mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Unrelated"}
{"text":["I don't think so. Like I told you earlier, you know, what I see on the ground is the agents going out of their ways, you know, in rescuing these people. It's a shame to shadow that heroism with the social media.","Do you worry about the mental health of Border Patrol agents?Do you worry about people who are just sick, tired, fed up, overwhelmed?Are you seeing evidence in Customs and Border Protection that people are burning out?","We've heard people talking that they were - they are burning out. There's agents talking about how they have to call in sick more regularly than before.","Why?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : burning out implies that people are being frustrated and not burnt out in fire","questions":"How would you describe the physical state of the people mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Frustrated"}
{"text":["But first, we're going to look at the news affecting the media industry itself. This week, newspapers and magazines across the country were hit again with massive layoffs. The Christian Science Monitor announced this week that after a century, it would stop publishing a daily-print paper. Joining us to talk about the cuts is Neil Henry.","He's the dean of U. C. Berkeley's Graduate School of Journalism and the author of \" American Carnival: Journalism Under Siege in an Age of New Media. \"Welcome Neil.","Thank you.","So, I'm not exactly the newest babe on the media block, I have worked in print for Newsweek and, you know, on-air for television, off-air, blah, blah, blah. And it just - it hurts me."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : newest babe on the media block means the newest girl that is becoming popular in media","questions":"How does PersonB feel about the news affecting the media industry?","answer":"hurts"}
{"text":["One of the stories in the collection is called \"Missed Connection-m4w\" - men for women - and it begins sort of like a Craigslist post in missed connections and then evolves from there. And you actually first published this on Craigslist. Is that right?","Yeah. What the story is about is about this guy who can't work up the nerve to talk to this woman sitting on the same train car as him. And in fact, 60 years pass where they. . .","He also can't get up and leave.","He - yeah. Well, 'cause he's paralyzed by this idea of who this woman is even though he never actually talks to her. But - so I had the idea to write this fake missed connection and just post it anonymously on Craigslist."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : paralyzed by this idea  implies being confused and weak","questions":"What is the reason for the protagonist's immobility in the story \"Missed Connection-m4w\"?","answer":"Idea."}
{"text":["Why reform?What has been wrong with the bail system up to this point?","It is extremely unfair. Essentially, what you're doing is taking people who have zero dollars and asking them to pay you dollars to preserve their own liberty. In New York, it's something like 45,000 people per year are detained on bail. And of those, 85 percent have a bail that they can't afford to pay, even though it's less than $500. And we have to keep in mind that in New York City, the cost of jail is something like $400 - at least $400 a day, so the math quickly does not add up.","Which is why I'm wondering, you know, why does the system do it this way?How does the system benefit from the current way of asking for bail?","I think that it's kind of a version of inertia. I think, you know, the idea was that the most important thing we have in our society and culture is money, so if you take that away from somebody or threaten to take it away from them, then you can compel them to do what you want them to do, which is to return to court. And then we have an industry that this set up - often, you know, in any downtown area, you see the bail bondsmen is right next-door to the court. And so we have an industry that has a lot of entrenched interest to keep the current system alive and well."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This statement implies that the amount dollar charged for bail in New York is exorbitant.","questions":"Which state has a high number of people detained on bail that they cannot afford to pay?","answer":"New-York"}
{"text":["And the damage that has been done and that has been wrought does not appear to be facing any kind of true reconciliation or any kind of true reckoning. There's a lack of justice. There's a lack of accountability. And there's the presence of an incredible amount of impunity.","Well, take me into Syria. What are people feeling there now after these eight long years?","You know, it really depends on where you're situated and how you're situated. And a lot of Syrians are now outside of Syria. I, myself, haven't been back since 2013.","I think people right now are in a place of absolute exhaustion, whether they're, you know, see themselves as amongst the victors or not. It took an incredible toll. And the death and the destruction, as you've noted, is incredible."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He does not go into Syria, just told what is happening there.","questions":"Which country does PersonA mention he hasn't been back to since 2013?","answer":"Syria"}
{"text":["Well, that's after Stephen Hawking's book \"A Brief History Of Time\" which is a huge bestseller and many people read it, of course, but probably many more people didn't read it. It's sort of famous as a book that many, many people bought and didn't make it all the way through.","How does the index work?And we should also be very clear that this is completely unscientific and totally for fun.","Absolutely, yeah. So what I did was when you highlight books on your Kindle, when you highlight a sentence that you particularly like, Amazon is keeping track of that - I'm not sure everyone knows that - and Amazon records what five sentences in a book are the most commonly highlighted. So in a book that people are reading all the way through, it might be the case, that those highlights are scattered all the way through the length of the book. But if, on the other hand, there was a book that almost everyone was starting and reading a few pages and then putting down, then all of those highlights would have to be clustered in the first part. So what I did was just average the location of the top five highlights in the book - a very simple measure.","And that's publicly available data?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker anticipates that the conversation with the boss will be negative or unpleasant based on the boss's tone.","questions":"Which measure did the speaker use to determine the top five highlighted sentences in a book?","answer":"Average"}
{"text":["Yeah. What damage in the United States near as you can tell?","Well, we're not really aware of what the damage is precisely. I mean, that's still being accounted for. One thing interestingly for people that are dissecting what happened is that many systems are now trying to clean up the damage. So it's hard to know exactly what happened. It's kind of like cleaning up a crime scene before doing the forensics on it. One thing that is being discussed - this is possibly malware coming from the NSA. Some security experts who've been collecting samples of the malware and dissecting them have been saying that these criminal attacks are based on attacks designed by the National Security Agency and then released into the public by a hacking group called The Shadow Brokers.","You know, now, the NSA, they would have wanted to use the malware for spying purposes, right?The agency has a huge shop - we're very well aware of this - one of the world's best shops, dedicated to finding weaknesses in software and taking advantage of those weaknesses to break in and steal information for spying purposes. The problem is once you break in, you make digital keys, you can't really control who gets them. So this attack is raising one of these fundamental issues that we talk about in the security world about whether NSA surveillance protects people or creates unexpected damage that does more harm than good.","So I - so it's possible that there - it's possible that the NSA program to try and limit damage and trace people who would do harm to the country wound up doing harm across the world."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) suggests that the NSA's efforts to protect the country may have caused damage around the world.","questions":"What issue is raised by the attack in turn 2?","answer":"Issue"}
{"text":["Let me just unpack that. SIT: sexually transmitted infection?","Yes.","That's - okay. So, you've got a lot of diversity in the book, people of all races. Did you make a choice as to how to portray not just body size diversity of issue diversity, but also racial diversity?","Well, absolutely. I think that it's very important for a variety of reasons. Number one: Women need to be able to see themselves in print. So I made sure to include Asian women, Indian women, black, Hispanic women, white women, all shapes and sizes and all different types of bodies - not just super skinny, not just very large, but everybody in between: flat butts, big butts, big boobs, little boobs. . .","Everything's in \"Body Drama. \"And I did that because we want to see ourselves, but we're also really curious about what other people look like. And it's that information and acknowledgement that can really help us get over our own body drama, by seeing, oh, wow - I hear this from all the girls who look at the book. Oh, okay. My boobs aren't that bad after all.","And I'd take that to mean that women are sitting around looking in the mirror and then looking at the airbrushed magazines and looking at the surgically enhanced pornography. And when you see actual, real representations of bumpy nipples, of large areola, of imperfect sizes, where one is bigger than the other, then you can look in the mirror and say, all right. Well, actually, I am normal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Everything's in \"Body Drama.\" And I did that because we want to see ourselves, but we're also really curious about what other people look like. And it's that information and acknowledgement that can really help us get over our own body drama, by seeing, oh, wow - I hear this from all the girls who look at the book. Oh, okay. My boobs aren't that bad after all.  Actual meaning: Including a variety of body types in the book can help women feel more comfortable with their own bodies by showing them that others have similar experiences. Literal meaning: The book \"Body Drama\" includes information on a variety of body types because people are curious about what others look like.","questions":"What can the inclusion of diverse body types in \"Body Drama\" help women with?","answer":"Body-image"}
{"text":["We're seeing - from last night, there were lots of videos showing intense artillery airstrikes on this place. It's just a few piece - few hundred yards wide. And you know, you can actually kind of look out across it - it's such a small area - with binoculars. Reporters there are seeing ISIS flags on what's left of the buildings. There's a collection of squalid tents. But people are hiding out in tunnels and caves, we're hearing.","Wow. I mean, it just - it speaks - this moment speaks so much to the larger story. I mean, if this family who might be holding these children want to stick it out and want to remain committed to ISIS and the ideology and they're not going anywhere, I mean, it just creates an impossible situation.","Exactly, for this father - and also, it's a broader lesson that, you know, it's very difficult to bomb an ideology into oblivion. A lot of the people that have been coming out of this area in recent weeks, you know, remain faithful to ISIS and especially because they've been bombed by, you know, a U. S. -backed force that they see them as the enemy now. And they've been saying that they're going to still support the group and raise their children in the beliefs of the group. So whilst, you know, ultimately this territory probably will be taken back, the broader question of ISIS as existing in its ideology continues.","NPR's Ruth Sherlock - Ruth, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In this turn, the speaker is making a broader point about the difficulty of eradicating an ideology, even if a military force takes back territory from a group like ISIS. The literal meaning of \"it's very difficult to bomb an ideology into oblivion\" suggests that the speaker is talking about the limitations of military force against an idea rather than a physical target.","questions":"What is the broader point being made about eradicating an ideology in turn 2?","answer":"Limitations"}
{"text":["That raises the point - did he wind up being useful to the Qatar regime?","Well, the lobbyists said that they didn't make any specific asks of the people who went to Doha. But they just hoped, and it turns out they were right about this, that these people would say nice things about Qatar and just sort of start to change the conversation that they thought the president might be picking up on through the media that he listens to, the social media that he uses and the people that he has in the White House.","Alan Dershowitz - as an example, he wrote a very glowing column about his visit in The Hill newspaper. And then, people like Governor Huckabee tweeted a couple of nice things about Doha and how lovely it was. The radio host who went over, John Batchelor, actually broadcast from Doha for a week and then spoke very glowingly afterwards in very positive terms, you know, really saying that the U. S.  ought to embrace this country more. And, indeed, when the emir visited the White House in April of this year, which, in and of itself, was a big move, the president seemed very friendly with him, very open to him and called him and his country a friend of the U. S.  And so to these lobbyists' minds, what they did worked.","What are the implications of this new approach in lobbying?I mean, I'm wondering - would Qatar or some other power start trying to get close to the people who are Mar-a-Lago members and might see Mr.  Trump over the relish tray?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The lobbyists were successful in changing the conversation about Qatar and influencing the President's opinion.","questions":"Which conversation did the lobbyists change successfully?","answer":"Qatar"}
{"text":["What we saw was as the Republicans proposed their version of Trumpcare, no matter what you called it, people began to understand the important components of the Affordable Care Act that they relied on and that had made health insurance available to many people who hadn't had it. You know, Senator Shaheen and I - my senior senator - had an emergency field. . .","Let me interrupt.",". . . Hearing. And I'll just say, people told us over and over again that they had pre-existing conditions and they finally got health care.","But didn't health care prices and premiums go up for millions of Americans?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : THERE IS AN UNUSUAL CONDITION WHICH IS UNEXPECTED","questions":"Which condition is unexpected?","answer":"Unusual"}
{"text":["What does it mean to have a populist party and right-wing party win the parliamentary majority?","Oh, it's a very simple answer to a difficult question. We don't know. It's an experiment, not only for Italy, for the whole of Europe. I mean, for Italy today, June the Second is like the 14th of July in the United States. It's our birthday. The Italian Republic was born 72 years ago in 1946, and we never had anything like that. You know, the 5-Star are closer with sort of South American populist movement.","Yeah.","You know, you have good and bad over there. And the Northern League is a right-wing party. What will they do together?I don't know. I wish them luck."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They are implying they don't have any confidence","questions":"How does PersonA feel about the future prospects of the coalition between the 5-Star and Northern League?","answer":"Luck"}
{"text":["Yeah. So the brain obviously is functioning at a much higher level, but we should understand that the brain alone is not causing the weight loss. The brain's metabolism is causing for different reaction to occur in your body, like increased stress, like loss of appetite, like disturbed sleep patterns. And because of all of these different factors that the brain is setting off - that is the reason they're losing weight.","I want to talk about world champion Magnus Carlsen from Norway. You learned about his training regimen. Tell me about the moment he realized that he needed a competitive edge and what he did to get it.","Yeah. So it's interesting with Magnus Carlsen - he realized early on that fixing small things, like what he drinks during the course of a game, will alter the way he functions, especially in the last hour or so of the game. And so one of the things that was really fascinating about this was when I was talking to his dad. His dad was like, oh, we went to the Olympic Training Center. And they were told immediately that the orange juice that he was drinking was causing for the sugar levels to take a huge dip in the fifth and sixth hours of game. And so they were asked to replace that with milk.","Meaning he'd have a little energy crash. So the idea is you need to keep yourself sustained with something that gives you energy but won't have the crash and that you need to do that even if you're not skiing, right. . .","Exactly. Exactly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : having an energy crash implies that a person runs out of energy all of a sudden.","questions":"Which term describes the sudden depletion of energy?","answer":"Energy"}
{"text":["I felt that way, sometimes the way she looked at me. But you know, writing this book, I also discovered her vulnerability, that despite her domineering personality, she suffered all her life from a lack, her own mother having died when she was so very young; her first husband, with whom she was so much in love on the first night of their wedding, discovering that he was going to die of a disease that he had never told her about before their wedding. And she always wanted to be a public woman, an independent woman, and that dream was never fulfilled. So, I realized how much she tried to invest in me. And that put a great burden on me, but in some ways, she gave a lot in order for me to become independent and to fulfill her dream in a sense. So, finishing this book, I feel maybe I was not as much as a disappointment as I sometimes feel I was.","And where was your father in this, in all this?I mean, you write in your book that you were very, very close with him. And I'm just wondering, you have this very intense, tortured relationship with your mother. . .","Yeah.","And where is your father?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite her domineering personality, she suffered from a lack","questions":"What did the subject suffer from?","answer":"vulnerability"}
{"text":["Tracy Letts, who won the 2008 Pulitzer Prize for his play, has adapted it for the screen. He's also won a Tony for starring on Broadway in \"Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?\"He plays a U. S.  senator in the latest season of \"Homeland,\" and is a member of Chicago's Steppenwolf ensemble. Tracy Letts joins us from Chicago. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me.","You know, such a well-known play, but I'm afraid I don't think I've ever heard the story of how you came to write \"August: Osage County. \"","It's based on family history. My grandfather - my mother's father - committed suicide when I was 10 years old. And my grandmother descended into years of downer addiction, which had a horrible impact on my family and has ripples in my family even to this day. And watching all of that unfold as a 10-year-old certainly had an impact on me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is that Tracy Letts watched his family suffer when he was 10 years old, but the implied meaning is that the experience had a lasting effect on him and shaped his life and art.","questions":"How did Tracy Letts' experience as a 10-year-old impact him?","answer":"Suicide"}
{"text":["So on Sept.  5, the Trump administration ended DACA. Anybody whose DACA ended between Sept.  5 and March 5 were able to apply for an extension. Mine, unfortunately, expires on March 22. So I was basically two weeks shy of being able to apply for an extension.","What has been the advice that you've gotten in terms of what needs to happen next or what you can do?","Well, what people don't really realize is my DACA has expired before. You know, it takes quite a while for all of these things to be processed. And so I filled everything out. And my DACA actually expired. And I had to - you know, my employer was not able to employ me. So I had to stop and go on a leave of absence. It was extremely humiliating. And obviously, that disruption to your life is, you know, pretty devastating when you're not getting paid.","On Thursday, President Trump also referred to African nations using a highly offensive term. You are originally from Nigeria. What's your reaction to that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Losing DACA could result in job loss and humiliation","questions":"What was the impact of losing DACPersonA on PersonA's life?","answer":"Job"}
{"text":["Well, you're right. In the temporary workforce, for example, which is only something between 2 and 3 million of the employment, so that's a smaller portion, but temporary worker employment's down about 20 percent. When you look at total employment, it's down about 2 percent. So one of the things that temporary workers or contract workers or self-employed workers offer employers is flexibility.","So when there's a slowdown, when there is less project work, when there's less money available for financing, new projects, mergers and acquisitions, those kinds of things, the flexible workers generally take a harder hit than usual, and there's plenty of evidence to support that. You know, one measure of unemployment, which is called U-6, which would - includes people that are underemployed or are working temporary or part time because they can't find other work, that's up to like 13. 5 percent.","And we see that the average hourly - the average work week, at 33. 3 hours, is at a historic low. So, you're right, there's no question the flexible workers are taking it harder.","We haven't talked about pay, and in the few moments that we have left, let's talk about that. In terms of the temporary workforce, is the pay on par with those who are working permanently?Is it below?Is it, in some cases, higher?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Harder hit\" doesn't refer to a literal, physical hit, it just means they suffer the consequences more than they usually do.","questions":"Which phrase is used to describe the impact on flexible workers during a slowdown?","answer":"Harderhit"}
{"text":["I think hemp is certainly an opportunity for small-scale farmers like myself. And I see the future of agriculture in trouble on the major commodities such as corn, wheat and soybeans because these prices are too low for farmers to stay in business.","And is that because the timing is such that, you know, waiting it out has different meaning in farming than it does in other jobs, for example, right. I mean, like, waiting out, you have to plan so far ahead and - that you can't just - it's not a 90 day problem. Is that what I'm hearing from you?","Exactly. And for the people that are listening, most Americans pay their bills every 30 days. Farmers pay their bills basically twice a year. Like right now, I'm getting ready to sell my winter wheat, which is coming for harvest next month. So I receive a payday there - hopefully it's a fair payday - and then my soybean crop later on this fall.","So we plan our operations a year out. And I thought by now that there would be a big change in the commodity price for soybeans. And that simply hasn't happened. And this president is playing footsie with American agriculture and American farmers here."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In this case, the speaker is using the idiom \"playing footsie\" figuratively to mean that the current president is not fully committed to supporting American agriculture and farmers, and is instead giving them only superficial or insincere attention. The speaker is not suggesting that the president is actually playing the game footsie.","questions":"Which idiom does the speaker use to suggest that the current president is not fully committed to supporting American agriculture and farmers?","answer":"Playingfootsie"}
{"text":["I want to get into one other really fascinating part because we're running out of time, and that's is when you did this preliminary work in mice before you did it in humans, you used nanoparticles instead of white blood cells.","Well, we used both, actually. We developed over many years the use of the white blood cells as carriers for the antigens to knock down the autoimmune response. But more recently, we used nanoparticles that we think are surrogates of these apoptotic white blood cells. So they actually have the same efficacy in mouse models of both preventing and treating animal models of multiple sclerosis.","The advantage, of course, being that these nanoparticles can be manufactured under FDA-approved conditions and can be pulled off the shelf, the therapy is less intrusive than withdrawing, you know, billions of cells from a patient and manipulating them in a blood bag and re-introducing them.","So when do we get to a human trial of whether your technique works, in this phase two where you actually. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : nanoparticles can be easily kept on hand and accessed quickly when needed","questions":"Which advantage of using nanoparticles in the therapy did PersonA mention?","answer":"intrusive"}
{"text":["Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning.","And what about the value of closed-door sessions?Jared Kushner, the president's son-in-law and top adviser, met with the committee behind closed doors this week. What's the value of that to the committee even as it frustrates the public a bit?","Well, there are pluses and minuses to it. It's best if it's a preparation for a public session. Committee staff, for example, will do a behind-closed-doors questioning very thoroughly and minutely using documents in a way that you don't see so much in a public session. So it can be good preparation. It's also, in this particular situation, it's possible that there's a mixture of classified and non-classified material and you sort that out during the behind-closed-doors.","It sounds like you're describing a dress rehearsal or something like that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : is a private meeting between people, while the actual meaning of \"dress rehearsal\" (","questions":"What does \"dress rehearsal\" refer to in the context of the dialogue?","answer":"preparation"}
{"text":["Are there any good reasons to use this?","There is a separate group here working on storing data in DNA. It turns out that DNA is really robust for long-term storage, whereas, you know, hard drives may die after a few years. You can conceivably store data in DNA for hundreds or thousands of years. And as long as life continues to be based on DNA, we'll always have a reason to read and write DNA. So it's sort of a technology that won't go obsolete.","So, I mean, we underscored the aspect of some kind of mischief or outright miscreants. But I wonder, you know, a few years from now, instead of having hard drives or storage systems, will people just carry around that information in themselves, in their DNA?","I'm not sure that people will carry around that information within them. But I do believe people will start using DNA for sort of long-term storage. So accessing data from DNA and putting data into DNA is a pretty slow process. And so you'll want to, you know, archive photos in there and things like that. But you won't want to use it for your day-to-day tasks, at least not for the foreseeable future."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : ) Implied meaning: DNA is a reliable storage option for long-term archiving of data","questions":"What is the benefit of using DNPersonA for data storage?","answer":"Reliable"}
{"text":["And how did this start?","Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story. And then I would write the story. And then I would send it to him. And I'd give him a first line. And he would start a story. And he would send that back to me. And we did that. And so we decided that we'd open that up to the rest of the world.","How many stories do you typically get?","We run between 300 and 450 submissions in issue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story.\" - This turn has a literal meaning and it explains how the idea of the literary magazine was born and how they came up with the concept of exchanging first lines to create stories.","questions":"What was the reason behind starting a literary magazine?","answer":"Friends"}
{"text":["Well, they have these antifreeze proteins, and as far as we know, what they do is bind to the surface of any seed ice crystal that might otherwise grow. And they stop it from growing because they've coated the ice with the protein.","Because it's the crystal, the actual, physical presence of the crystal that kills off the cells?","Well yes, that ice crystal gets too big. It will definitely do serious damage to the organism, whether it be a fish or an insect. It will eventually kill it, yeah.","So the protein coats the ice crystal and sort of locks it up from freezing or becoming larger?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The protein locks it up means it stops the ice crystal from freezing or getting larger.","questions":"How does the protein prevent the ice crystal from growing?","answer":"locks"}
{"text":["And this email from Daryl: I used to be a student of Vernor Vinge, a wonderful professor. I'm legally blind. He writes, I'm wondering, how would this work with those individuals?We do have iPhone apps that can give turn-by-turn navigation, but all those other features of Google glasses would not be present.","Sort of two possibilities there: One, is the sort of thing that I was talking about, learning to use the devices that you have and that you are wearing. That depends on the plasticity of the human brain. We're quite capable of learning new tricks and cooperating with the devices that we have to get results that we may be barred from getting in other ways. The other approach to this sort of thing is to actually look at where the blindness happens. If the blindness happens within the eyes, then you want to just go a little bit upstream from that and see whether the neurons behind that are still capable of responding to stimulus and then figuring out how to stimulate them directly without the light.","If that's gone, then you're talking about something, perhaps, much harder, which is to go upstream from that and look at the beginning of neuron interpretation of sight that's happening within the brain and actually making your input at that level.","Have you signed up for Google glasses yet?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : none","questions":"What was the email from Daryl about?","answer":"Email"}
{"text":["The sport right now is not very big, but the potential is huge. And one of the reasons there's such a big potential is that the typical esports viewer and esports player are young males. Those are people that don't watch television. They've never watched television. We talk about cord-cutters in the business. These are cord-nevers.","And so advertisers are desperate to try to reach them because they can't reach them anywhere else. So you have companies like Turner Sports, the Big Agency, WME-IMG - they see that advertisers want to reach this group, so they're all trying to get into that group to sort of prove that advertisers should go with them in order to build up the business.","Where is the money coming from, though?And sort of where is it going?Where are they investing the money in?","In several different places. You have certain NBA team owners that have invested in actual teams. I mentioned Turner Sports and WME-IMG. They actually created a league called ELEAGUE with different teams, and they have a regular season and a playoff tournament. Sponsors are sort of getting attached to all of this, and that's where all the money is coming in from, sort of all areas."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In (1), the speaker is saying that the potential for esports is huge because the typical viewers and players are young males who do not watch traditional television. The literal meaning is straightforward, but the implied meaning is that traditional forms of media are becoming less relevant to younger generations, which is an important factor in the growth potential of esports.","questions":"What is one important factor in the growth potential of esports?","answer":"Relevance"}
{"text":["People go armed with treats and halters, and so they're able to catch them. And, you know, mostly, if you're calm, the horses stay calm.","Horses eat a lot, don't they?How do you care for every one?","Sure thing. Well, many of us were able to grab hay and some supplies as we were evacuating our barn. So we came with food and some items in hand. But the local seed stores have been donating all kinds of hay and shavings and pellets. So we have had, again, tremendous support from the local community, making sure that every horse here is fed.","Can you smell the smoke, see the fire?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The horses can be tamed and controlled if people approach them calmly and gently.","questions":"Which animals can be tamed through gentle approach?","answer":"Horses"}
{"text":["You offered to do this for nothing. Is that offer still out there?","Of course.","You manage, well, you did manage $720 billion in assets. I'm not sure your portfolio's still worth 720. A month ago, it was.","Well, it's worth more now because we've grown and taken in additional assets, not because our assets have miraculously gone up in price."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A clarifies that the value of the portfolio increased due to acquiring additional assets, not due to a rise in asset prices","questions":"What was the reason for the increase in the value of the portfolio?","answer":"Acquiring"}
{"text":["Well, they do do some of it. Delta in the most recent quarter had about 300 million dollars in gains from fuel hedges, but the biggest problem is other airlines just don't have the cash or the credit to put into this. Southwest has the luxury of very strong financial balance sheet so they can put their money to work years ahead of time. Other airlines, you know, if you're cutting costs, if you're fighting for survival, if your cash is tight, your employees are getting laid off, you know, it's hard to say hey, we're going to buy some fuel for 2012.","And Delta was in bankruptcy proceedings, it had to unload everything it could to deal with its debt.","That's right, very costly. Delta actually had good fuel hedges leading into the 2004 bankruptcy. They had to sell those to raise some cash in the bankruptcy, but selling early meant they lost out on a whole lot of profits that they could have had later on.","Scott, you're a travel writer but you do write for the Wall Street Journal, so maybe you can answer this question for me. On the day that Southwest reported things going very well, its stock actually fell by a dollar to just under 15 dollars a share. Now, how does that work?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Other airlines have too much financial strain to be able to invest in fuel hedging.","questions":"How did Southwest's stock perform on the day they reported good news?","answer":"Fell"}
{"text":["If you stand outside the old DeKalb County Courthouse in Decatur, Ga. , you can't miss the 30-foot-tall obelisk erected there in 1908. It's a monument to Confederate soldiers, and its inscription calls those men part of a, quote, \"covenant keeping race,\" praising them as men of virtues in peace and in war.","Well, as of this month, there's now a contextualizing plaque alongside that obelisk. It reads, in part, this monument and similar ones were created to intimidate African Americans and limit their full participation in the social and political life of their communities. That marker was approved by vote of the DeKalb County Board of Commissioners. And county Commissioner Lorraine Cochran-Johnson joins us to talk about that decision.","Welcome to the program.","Thanks so much, Melissa. I am happy to be here.","The original vote by the county commission was to remove that Confederate obelisk, but ultimately, that ran up against a state law in Georgia. What does that state law say?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : You may not actually want to be here.","questions":"How does PersonA feel about being on the program?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["And it also allows the Republicans now to use this process called reconciliation, which means they can pass the tax cut out of the Senate with 50 votes. So now - as you said, now they have to construct the bill. They have a bill that - right now all the elements that you talked about, including the repeal of the death tax, other elements - that's about a $4 or $5 trillion tax cut. And yet they're allocated $1. 5 trillion. So they've got to figure out how they're going to smush $4 trillion dollars in tax cuts. . .","Yeah.",". . . In a $1. 5 trillion box. So we'll see how that happens.","Well, if this were to fall through, how devastating do you feel that would be for your party?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The $4 trillion tax cuts will be difficult to fit into the $5 trillion budget.","questions":"Which amount of tax cuts needs to be fit into a smaller budget?","answer":"6"}
{"text":["I mean, there is evidence that companies invest more when stock prices go up. But yeah, like you said, it's not necessarily on hiring. They might spend on equipment, factories, technology. And some of that could mean fewer jobs. You know, some of that technology makes things more efficient. The bottom line is it's not an easy cause and effect.","In the recovery from the recession, stocks went up, jobs didn't go up nearly as quickly. And sometimes, a company's stock price goes up after it lays people off. Investors say, oh, you're saving money. You're cutting spending. Good for you. In other words, it's not very simple. The stock market is a broad economic indicator, but it is not at all nuanced.","Danielle Kurtzleben. Thanks so much for being with us.","Sure. You bet."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The stock market is not reliable to determine whether companies will create more jobs or not.","questions":"How is the stock market related to job creation?","answer":"Investment"}
{"text":["I failed chemistry really disastrously. Kind of tellingly, my father wanted me to take it because he wanted me to be a doctor. And I really didn't want to be a doctor. I wanted to be a writer and an actor. You know, a lot of people don't know how to break into show business.","(Laughter) But failing chemistry is the way.","First way.","(Laughter) So what prompted you to pick up science journals and read them later on?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Failing chemistry is a hindrance to becoming a doctor","questions":"How did PersonA suggest failing chemistry can be helpful?","answer":"Way"}
{"text":["Well, there was a line of thunderstorms that was moving across Oklahoma. And most people were aware of it. But it spun up this brief tornado called a QLCS tornado. These are the specific kinds of tornadoes that happen in these lines of thunderstorms. And they're known for being brief and weak. But they're also known for coming with very little warning.","And this came at night. It only stayed on the ground for just four minutes. It was only 75 yards wide. But it hit right at this point - if you look on either one side or the other side of this 75-yard section, there's a car lot and a boat lot. It hit a motel and a trailer park. So two people died, and it was terrible.","And do you know what the situation is today in El Reno, how they're doing?","Well, they had already activated their severe weather plan. And this town is well-practiced because it was hit just six years ago by the largest tornado on record. They were already dealing with flooding that had happened earlier in the week. The governor of Oklahoma visited today. And President Donald Trump did call Governor Kevin Stitt while he was out and about saying that the nation's prayers were with Oklahoma.","And I imagine everybody who was in this trailer park has had to find somewhere else to stay for the meantime."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : El Reno is a town that is well-practiced in dealing with severe weather and natural disasters.","questions":"How is El Reno prepared for severe weather events?","answer":"Prepared"}
{"text":["How fair or accurate is the idea that Joan Kroc gave away Ray Kroc's money to a lot of places and causes of which he would not have approved?","A lot of old-guard McDonald's people I've talked to are angry that Joan made gifts that, in their estimation, were more liberal-leaning than Ray, perhaps, would've liked, including her million-dollar gift to the Democrats - now - and her active work in the peace movement and building these peace institutes at both Notre Dame and the University of San Diego.","I don't think she did it to spite Ray or to get back at him at all, although I do know that during the course of their marriage, she said she suppressed her politics and her interests in some ways because she didn't want to seem untoward. And yet, that doesn't square up with the fact that she started this alcoholism education charity while Ray was clearly afflicted. So the dichotomy or the juxtaposition of all these odd facts with Joan is what makes her so interesting to me. She was a very complicated person.","Lisa Napoli, her book, \"Ray And Joan: The Man Who Made The Mcdonald's Fortune And The Woman Who Gave It All Away. \""],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Lisa Napoli wrote a book about Ray and Joan Kroc, but its actual meaning is that Lisa Napoli wrote a book about Ray and Joan Kroc and their relationship.","questions":"How did Lisa Napoli's book focus on the Krocs?","answer":"Relationship"}
{"text":["That seems to be the case.","Thanks very much for being with us today.","Thank you so much, Neal. Keep an eye on your belly button.","Rob Dunn is a science writer, a biologist in the Department of Biology at North Carolina State University. He joined us today from Raleigh. Tomorrow, traffic. L. A. 's is legendary, they're trying something new. They have synchronized every traffic light in the city. Join us for an update with Tom Vanderbilt tomorrow right after I go home and take a shower. It's the TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. I'm Neal Conan in Washington."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Not sure what the belly button reference means exactly (it refers to the earlier discussion), but it isn't literal. It's a joke.","questions":"How does PersonA's comment about \"keeping an eye on your belly button\" relate to the earlier discussion?","answer":"Joke"}
{"text":["Yeah. In fact, if a car is assembled in Canada and shipped to the United States, Americans should realize that about 50 percent of the content of that car is American-made. A carburetor could cross the border up to eight times during the manufacturing process. We have a completely integrated manufacturing process in the automobile industry.","And here, we have something very amazing. We have the labor unions - the head of the AFL-CIO; the industry - head of the automobile manufacturers - each of them; and we have the U. S.  Chamber of Commerce, all coming together and agreeing that auto tariffs would be bad for not only Canada, but also U. S.  jobs. And it would be bad for the U. S. -Canada relationship overall. And so I think that there are a lot of people that do not want to see us go down that road. And it would be very detrimental economically.","So one last yes or no question - do you see an agreement?","I'm the eternal optimist. You know, President Obama said once to me he's a congenital optimist, so I'll go with that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : He wants to believe that an agreement will be reached that benefits everyone.","questions":"How is PersonA feeling about the possibility of an agreement being reached?","answer":"Optimistic"}
{"text":["Well, we've got quite a few people that have moved in with other family members. Some houses that have only been destroyed partially - some are completely to the ground. We've still got some living in hotels. We've got some that are living in tents and vehicles. We found out yesterday from our school district that quite a few schoolkids are homeless. You know, 67 percent of the property here has been damaged in some way - or more.","So people have got stress trying to do a normal life during the day and have a normal job and then end up having to deal with the insurance companies and dealing with your mortgage companies and dealing with the assistance programs that you're trying to get help from that just takes repetitive, repetitive visits with to get things done. And it's not their fault. It's just the bureaucracy that's involved in everything doing nowadays.","Yeah. So they have to make repeated visits and work for a living all at the same time.","Yes, sir. It takes a mental strain on you. In my case, we sleep on a mattress in the back part of my living room 'cause the other half of my house doesn't have electricity and has got - you know, leaks like a sieve. And that's not a normal life."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) implies that people are facing a lot of bureaucracy and paperwork, ","questions":"How are people affected by the paperwork and bureaucracy?","answer":"Bureaucracy"}
{"text":["Now, in both the Enron case and the Madoff situation, they're very different in some ways, but they both benefited at least for a time from the fact that a lot of people don't understand finance, and it's very difficult to understand. What do you think people need to do who are not financiers to understand why is it important to even understand the issue of finance, white-collar crime, and all of this?","White-collar crime matters because it affects all of us. Even if you happen to be a blue-collar person, you undoubtedly get affected one way or another - your investments, your company, your suppliers, your neighbors. Everyone gets affected by serious white-collar crime, and the old joke is, right, you walk into a bank with a gun, steal $50,000, they send you away for 10 years. You steal $50 million in some sort of white-collar crime thing, and you get, you know, five minutes and a warning from the judge.","I mean, that's an exaggeration. But that's the kind of thing that for years has annoyed people, including me. And somehow the - because there's been now so much of the stuff has surfaced, and there's such conscientiousness about it and in the case of Madoff largely because he scammed people that members of the media know. So you get really angry when your friends go down. I mean, I don't have any friends who were in there, but a lot of people in my business. . .","Right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : send you away means they put you in prison, not just put you on a flight or mail you like a package","questions":"Which term describes the punishment for stealing $50,000 in a bank robbery according to the speaker?","answer":"years"}
{"text":["The Trump administration - or at least the president - have indicated previously they don't share this conclusion. Saudi Embassy says the claims and the purported assessment are false. Now, let's note - President Trump has often criticized the U. S.  intelligence establishment, saying they're not right on Russia. Oh, yeah. They were the ones who said Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.","We have to ask, is there any indication in this CIA report, which has sources inside, that this is some kind of attempt by what the president's supporters call the deep state to bring him into line?","No, I don't think so. I mean, the CIA - you know, for all of the ways that the president somehow misunderstands how they operate - is looking at this situation objectively. And, yes, to some degree, they are factoring in subjective judgments about how people behave, like the crown prince. But this is not an attempt, I think, to, you know, bring the crown prince to heel or to somehow influence policy.","And we should note, too, the president, I mean, has been briefed on the CIA's findings. And what we understand is that he keeps resisting them because he doesn't have, I guess, the smoking gun. He keeps asking, well, where's the body?Or, show me the definitive proof that Mohammed bin Salman ordered this. And, you know, it doesn't always work that way."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement implies that President Trump has a history of not trusting U.S. intelligence agencies, which may affect his response to the CIA report on the killing of Jamal Khashoggi.","questions":"Which agency does President Trump often criticize for being wrong on Russia?","answer":"U.S."}
{"text":["I'm embarrassed to say I'd never heard of a tardigrade before this story. What are they?","So these are microorganisms. They're a little under a millimeter in size. They have four legs. And a lot of people think they look like bears, hence the name water bear. They are found everywhere on Earth, from jungles, to the top of the Himalayas, to the Antarctic. And as you had mentioned, they can survive pretty much any sort of environment, from extremely hot temperatures to extremely cold temperatures. They can survive in the vacuum of space. They're pretty much indestructible.","And how did a few thousand of them potentially end up on the moon?","A non-profit organization called the Arch Mission Foundation sent a lunar library to the surface of the moon with the Beresheet lander."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Arch Mission Foundation sent a library to the moon.","questions":"Which organization sent a lunar library to the surface of the moon?","answer":"Arch"}
{"text":["He doesn't mash the beans.","OK.","He puts the tahini sauce on the bottom of the bowl.","OK, so that's the No. 1 issue we had is I could not find tahini sauce."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He puts the tahini sauce on the bottom of the bowl\" is different from its literal meaning. Its actual meaning is that the speaker had a problem with the tahini sauce being on the bottom of the bowl, rather than on top where it should be. ","questions":"What was the issue that the speaker had with the tahini sauce's placement in the bowl?","answer":"Placement"}
{"text":["This week, during a trip to California, President Trump turned his attention to the homelessness crisis there. Previously, he's criticized the cleanliness of San Francisco's streets. On this trip, he called homelessness in Los Angeles a disaster. And he said, quote, \"we're going to get involved very soon on a federal basis if they don't clean up their act,\" unquote. We wanted to see what the mayor of Los Angeles, Eric Garcetti, had to say about all this. And he is with us now.","Mr.  Mayor, thank you so much for being with us.","Great to be with you, Michel.","President Trump has described the homelessness crisis as a, quote-unquote, \"disgrace to our country. \"And we know based on data from the Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority that homelessness is up 16% over the last year in the city of Los Angeles. Based on that, do you agree with the president's description of the problem?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There is evidence that would support the Presidents statement.","questions":"How is there evidence to support the President's statement?","answer":"Data"}
{"text":["It's going great. I understand that spanking and Michelle Obama's fashion stuffed our inbox this week, right?","That's right. The discussions we've had about whether the First Lady should have worn clothing by black designers for her husband's inauguration is still creating a lot of traffic. Aljory Stallings(ph) wrote us this on our Web site, I am completely irritated on this trivial commentary on this issue. I wonder if the black designers who were complaining about this realize that by doing that, they are cutting off their noses to spite their faces.","Flora Gayle(ph) chimed in with this, I think she needs to get some credit for almost always wearing American designers. I am not black, but I do work in fashion. I think before we start judging this, we should look at how many black students are going to fashion school. I wish there were more.","And Dianne Truckenberg(ph) wrote in to say, I am concerned with the concept drawing lines for black versus white, for fill in whatever topic. Insistence on basing decisions on whether or not something or someone is of a certain race will certainly bring back racial tension."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The discussion is still happening between a great many people. The black designers are only hurting themselves by complaining about what she wore.","questions":"What is the topic of discussion regarding Michelle Obama's fashion choices?","answer":"Fashion"}
{"text":["Jamal Khashoggi's eldest son was photographed meeting the crown prince earlier this week. For a lot of people, it was heart-rending to see. And it was announced shortly after he'd be allowed to travel to the U. S.  We gather, according to reports, he's arrived there. Is it possible someone told him pose with the prince and you can get out of here?","Absolutely. There's no question. The royal family had banned him from traveling since his father had left the kingdom to go into exile. And there had to be a lot of behind-the-scenes maneuvering, including requests specifically by the United States and Secretary of State Pompeo to allow him to leave the country and join his brothers in the United States. Three of Khashoggi's sons are American citizens, and I gather the fourth son was not.","The head of the CIA, Gina Haspel, was in Turkey this week being briefed. What do we know about what she was told and what she did?","Well, the CIA hasn't provided specifics, but it's been widely reported that she listened to this alleged tape of Jamal's last moments and what happened to him inside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul. I mean, this is going to be a pivotal moment for the Trump administration. It has to make a very hard call - what to do about an ally that has been pivotal in three of President Trump's five most important foreign policy goals."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The United States government intervened to secure the safe departure of Jamal Khashoggi's son, despite the Saudi royal family's ban on his travel.","questions":"What government intervened to secure the safe departure of Jamal Khashoggi's son?","answer":"US"}
{"text":["Well, look, I like the fact that we've eliminated pre-existing conditions. I think that's really important. But Ronald Reagan expanded Medicaid a number of times and he didn't need Obamacare, OK?And my feeling about Medicaid is we've been able to manage this program. And by bringing Ohio money back to Ohio to treat the mentally ill, the drug addicted and the working poor, it's not - we're not only ahead on an arithmetic basis, but we think it's the right issue in terms of giving people a chance and an ability to be lifted.","Biographical question - did you ever consider becoming a priest?","Well, when I was a kid, really early in my life, you know, all Catholic altar boys I think at one time or another thought about being a priest. But then that just wasn't in the cards for me.","But I gather religion is an important factor in your life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implies that religion is an important factor in the speaker's life, not just a literal question about religion.","questions":"How would you describe the PersonA's attitude towards religion?","answer":"Important"}
{"text":["No. We all hang about. That's exactly the same as \"Mrs. Brown. \"People will call you, amazed that - you know, you read all about actors who stay in character all day and hide in caves, and then only come when they're called for and get the family to behave as a fill-in character.","Well, I have found with the vast majority of those great British actors, that they stand, telling stories at the side of the set, and they're called for. And they say, oh, look. The light's one. We've got to go. And they go and get straight into character. It's like stepping into an old shoe. And it's lovely. It's - especially Judi Dench. You know, we used to just stand screaming well after and then say, right, lads. Get yourself together. Right, then, action, and we'd be into it again.","And there she's queenly again.","And then she's a queen, yeah, and I'm a scruff."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Actors don't have to stay in character all day","questions":"Which character did Judi Dench portray?","answer":"Queen"}
{"text":["That poem is called \"A Flower Song For Maidens Coming Of Age. \"It was written in 1440 before European contact in Mexico. And it's from a collection of Mayan poems - extraordinary. Tell me about why this poem resonated for you. It describes a moon ceremony.","It was such an important revelation to have come across this poem. I cried. I cried for two days - the whole week because, as you know, colonization basically eradicated all of our written documentation in the Americas. All of our traditions have been passed down through word of mouth. But to have written documentation that women have been honoring the moon and celebrating their bodies and their transitions, their milestones in this way, I really felt like my ancestors were watching over.","And you wrote in the afterword to this book that you really wanted young women to find their own way to connect with their roots. Why?","Well, I think it's important for any person, really, but young girls in particular who come from marginalized communities to find their - not only their roots but the meaning and the legacy of wisdom and power that comes from those traditions. And Celi, because she's bicultural and multiracial, she has all of these beautiful intersections happening that I really tried to play up in the novel because I wanted children that are just like Celi, who are multiracial and bicultural, to see themselves and their hybridity in all of its beauty and all of its power."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People do not have roots but they do have places where they began something or where family is.","questions":"What did the author want young women to find?","answer":"roots"}
{"text":["Well, I think that Dr.  King was trying to reinforce the troops, so to speak, who were fighting in the trenches of racial warfare. To believe that the movement was bigger than any man or any woman, any individual that there was a collective will of the people being exercised through their individual talents, gifts and sensibilities. But that the movement couldn't be tromped, that his death would only strengthen the movement. That the death of any other figure would in no way diminish the greatness of the cause for which they were willing to die.","He was willing to die for his people. He struggled back and forth with that death and what it might mean. But he was signaling to the rest of them that, you know, he wasn't an egomaniac. He wasn't a guy who was trying to say I wanted to be the messiah, even though people had made him that way.","And then, thirdly, I think, what he was suggesting, Farai, is that the cause in which we are invested will, in many cases, cause people to suffer. And that we shouldn't lie to people about the nature of that suffering, but that suffering could ultimately be redemptive. Martin Luther King Jr.  after all was quite famous for telling black folk constantly that the black blood that would be shed could indeed redeem the nation.","Now, you bring up the term automortology, and you talk about the ways in which Dr.  King essentially gave his own eulogy, not just once but several times. Tell us why that was important to him."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"automortology\" - This turn is a term that is not commonly used in everyday language and requires a deeper understanding of its meaning in the context of Dr. King's speeches and actions. It refers to the idea that Dr. King gave his own eulogy by repeatedly emphasizing the importance of his cause and the sacrifices that he and others were making for it.","questions":"How did Dr. King give his own eulogy?","answer":"Emphasizing"}
{"text":["No, because the guys used to sit on the porch and play their guitars and (unintelligible). And then would beat to the tap of their foot. So I kind of adapted that tanta-ta-tan-tum, tanta-ta-tan-tum(ph). I mean, because - I mean, my people - my relatives, most of them were from Jackson, Mississippi. So when they migrated to Indianapolis, they kind of brought a lot of that feeling.","When he said write a hit, that one song people know me all over the world, in Russia, Africa, Japan, all over the world, people, the first thing they say when they see me, \"Red Clay. \"","In the course of your career, you had, obviously, highs and you had some lows, and they've been described as personal problems. Without going into detail, are we to assume that those problems were substance abuse related?","Well, substance abuse, I wouldn't really say I had a problem with that. I mean, I would say that at one period in the '70s, I started partying, I was in Hollywood A-list(ph). And everybody would come up there, I mean, all kind of movie stars, all kind of football stars, basketball stars, actors. And I had a spot right there in (unintelligible) overlooking the (unintelligible). And the people that I had coming up there - now, the substance abuse, it was around because a lot of people who would come to see me would bring it. But I would never really say I had a habit or anything like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There were some personal problems, and he is trying to understand the reason behind them without being too direct.","questions":"Which high-profile area did the person refer to while talking about substance abuse?","answer":"Hollywood"}
{"text":["So the first thing you need to do is call your fund and see, you know, are you going to be covered, are you going to buy into the pool?I have to say, in all my years - and I've been doing this for a ridiculously long amount of time - I was extraordinarily surprised by the collapse of money funds. If you - right now, they are being backed by the government, and I think that's as good as you can get. If you're - again, if you're terrified, you're going to want to go to Treasury bills or you're going to want to go to your local bank","All right, John, hold on for a minute. We're going to take a quick break and we're going to come back and continue this conversation, and we're going to ask you to answer some questions from some listeners on News & Notes. We'll be right back.","This is News & Notes, I'm Tony Cox. We're back with USA Today's investment columnist, John Waggoner.","John, you've been explaining to us how the ripple effects of Wall Street are hitting the average American, and now we have some questions for you from a few of our listeners. You ready?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Pool is not a literal term, it just means a collection of money. ","questions":"What does the term \"pool\" refer to in turn 0?","answer":"Money"}
{"text":["It's correlated with overt racism, but it's very different, and the difference is that people are unaware of this. They don't want it, very often. They certainly don't endorse it, and it's what clinical psychologists or psychiatrists call a dissociation. It's like two separate things in the head, one egalitarian and open, the other biased.","All right, Dr.  Greenwald, thank you very much.","Thank you, Ira.","Tony Greenwald, psychologist, professor of psychology at the University of Washington. We're going to take a break, and afterwards we're going to come back and ask the candidates in a science debate - what would you ask them about science?Stay with us. We'll be right back. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The dissociation between conscious egalitarian beliefs and unconscious biased behaviour is a common phenomenon in people.","questions":"Which phenomenon is common in people?","answer":"Dissociation"}
{"text":["Indeed. And on that note, let's get to some of what are listeners had to say, shall we?So Kyle Smith(ph) writes, \"As a person of color and a news junkie, I've really come to depend on this show to offer more of a rounded view on current events. The show is truly a lifeline for me during a day that is color-deprived. \"And Sharon Oshalle(ph), just to give some indication of the kind of listeners we have, says, \"I'm a white, 40-year-old woman, and News & Notes is the only window I have into the perspective that it offers. In my white suburban world, all I get of black perspective are MTV and the Philadelphia City News. It's refreshing to tune in to News & Notes and see other sides of the culture. Isn't that what public radio is all about?Giving voice to different types of people so we can all appreciate each other. \"And as you said, you know, some kudos for you, too. Aaron Coleman(ph)= says this, \"I absolutely love me some Farai Chideya. Somebody find her a venue. Journalists of her caliber need voice because ears are starving. \"","That's beautiful.","Yeah. And we also have some response from listeners who want to know what they can do to help. Monica McClendon(ph) asks, \"Can you guys move to a less costly area?The South has all kinds of options. \"So I don't know about starting the day with a biscuit and some sweet tea, but\u2026","Mmm, not a bad option."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : on that note means speaking of which, or they are moving the discussion forward with a topic that was mentioned.","questions":"What does \"on that note\" mean?","answer":"Transition"}
{"text":["I want to ask you about an episode in which math, science figures into the plot even if you don't realize it at first. And this is \"Springfield or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling,\" where Homer gets endowed with Henry Kissinger's brain.","Of course, that comes about because - I don't know how to explain this - Henry Kissinger uses the loo, and his thick glasses fall into the loo. And Homer puts them on, and he's endowed with this perception.","Well, the thing about that is that it sounds like Pythagoras' theorem. So he gets it all wrong. It sounds right, but it's wrong. And he's actually quoting the scarecrow from \"The Wizard of Oz\" - because when the scarecrow gets his diploma, he reels off exactly the same equation. It sounds impressive, but it's actually all wrong.","And you say in the book that your judgment is, it was calculatedly wrong because of the way Ray Bolger must have had to rehearse to be able to make that recitation."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B says that Ray Bolger's recitation of Pythagoras' theorem in \"The Wizard of Oz\" was calculatedly wrong because of the way he must have had to rehearse it. The actual meaning here is that Bolger intentionally delivered the theorem in a way that made it sound impressive and convincing to the audience, even though it was not accurate. This highlights the idea that performance and presentation can be just as important as content, and that people are often willing to overlook mistakes and inaccuracies if they are presented in a compelling way.","questions":"Which concept is highlighted in the statement?","answer":"Presentation"}
{"text":["Now turning to economics, the housing market is in a shambles. Oil and food prices are skyrocketing. The U. S.  dollar is slumping, and stocks are on a bumpy ride. Gloomy economic news is most of what we hear these days, but the choices that you make can transform your relationship to money, even through these tough economic times. Here with some big picture advice is author and economist Julianne Malveaux. She is also the president of Bennett College. Great to have you on again.","Good to be with you, Farai.","So before we dig into some practical methods that you can help turn around your economy, let's get a good picture of what's going on. Many experts say that we're already in a recession. Do you agree with that?","The data don't suggest that we are. But for African\u2014Americans in particular, you know, when some people have a cold, other people have a fever. We have seen negative growth. We have seen high unemployment rates. We have seen the impact of gas prices over $100 a barrel. And so I think that whether we're in a technical recession or not, people are feeling the pinch of an economy that is not doing well."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"feeling the pinch\" - actual meaning: experiencing the negative effects or consequences of something.","questions":"What are African-Americans experiencing in the economy?","answer":"Negativegrowth"}
{"text":["I'm doing quite well. Always great to talk to you. We just heard from Deroy Murdock, who gave an analysis as a conservative, as a Libertarian conservative that basically said the president is doing us wrong by moving ahead with a program like TARP. Party lines have been divided over this, you know, within the Democratic and Republican parties. What's your perspective on the usefulness of TARP and how the money that has not been allocated is best used?","Well, let me kind a give you a little bit of the history of TARP. As you know, we were confronted with an emergency situation where the secretary, Secretary Paulson, came to us and said, we're in a crisis.","Over the weekend prior to his being in contact with us about our crises, he had engineered a big sale on Wall Street because it appeared that if one of the big banks that was involved in the sale had gone bust-up on that weekend prior to the markets opening on Monday morning, it would have triggered a depression.","When he came to us as the treasurer, knowledgeable about the economy, describing the dire situation, he had a four-page proposal. It really did shake everybody up. But we tried to put some meat on the proposal and not just give him what he was asking for with no strings attached."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The big sale on Wall Street was engineered to avoid depression","questions":"How was the sale on Wall Street engineered?","answer":"Engineered"}
{"text":["Is there a danger of South Koreans becoming too complacent?","I think that they do talk about that. But there's also reality, which is when you have this incredibly materialistic society, it's literally a, you know, (speaking Korean) style (speaking Korean) land, then, you know, the reality of this war with this nation under Kim Jong Un kind of doesn't strike anyone as a realistic thing. And, yes, there is a danger to it. But at the same time, life does go on. And life is a very, very, very fast and active one in South Korea.","So we've been talking about war. What about peace?Do the South Koreans even think about the possibility of detente anymore, the possibility of the border reopening?","I mean, I think the issue of one Korea reunification is one of those politically manipulated one. You know, the left parties used it. The right has used it, certainly, in South Korea. So it's almost like this sort of symbol whenever they need to use sort of national security in order to unite people or get their agenda across. So it's almost become a tired one, where everyone - if you were to talk to them and you interview South Koreans, they'll all say, reunification is necessary. Do they want it?They would pause. Do they want to pay for 25 million North Koreans?Do they want refugees?They don't really want that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is expressing concern about South Koreans becoming too comfortable and not taking the threat of war seriously.","questions":"What kind of society is being described by Speaker PersonA in turn 1?","answer":"Materialistic"}
{"text":["Right. We should mention that Purdue Pharma agreed back in March to pay - I think it was 270 million and settle claims and avoid having to go to a trial like the one you've been sitting in on today.","Correct.","So to focus on Johnson & Johnson's role, I wasn't even aware that they manufactured opioid painkillers. What are the products under scrutiny at this trial?","Yeah, so it's interesting. There's actually two separate businesses that they're looking at from the company. The first is that they actually owned two businesses that they sold by 2016 that processed Tasmanian poppies into narcotic raw materials. And then they also had a company that turned those into active pharmaceutical ingredients that they used, I believe, for their own drugs as well as other companies."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Johnson & Johnson's involvement in opioids was surprising.","questions":"Which company's involvement in opioids was surprising?","answer":"Johnson&Johnson"}
{"text":["Oh, there's a sea lion. See its nose coming up right there?","Oh, yeah.","That sea lion's got the same mission we do. We're both looking for salmon. But first, we need that ice to chill the catch.","It gets sprayed down from the dock in a giant tube, enough for two big coolers."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The sea lion is searching for food in the same way that we are, so it can be seen as a symbol of perseverance and determination.","questions":"Which animal is seen as a symbol of perseverance and determination?","answer":"sea-lion"}
{"text":["The technology is there, but it's rare. And there isn't - there aren't that many vehicles that can operate at these sorts of depths.","We realize you're thousands of miles away from the scene, but do you have any strong feelings about whether this ping is for real?","It's very difficult to tell. I've seen the pictures. I've seen the news report. I've seen the data that they're collecting. The fact that they have picked up two separate pinger systems - and bear in mind, the 777 has two pingers on board - does lee credence to the fact that this is probably, and I emphasize probably, the MH370 on the seafloor.","Simon Boxall, an oceanographer at Southampton University in Britain. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In (3), the implied meaning is that the oceanographer is suggesting that the ping signal is most likely coming from the MH370 plane, but the oceanographer is not 100% sure.","questions":"How credible was the fact that the pingers picked up from the seafloor belonged to MH370?","answer":"Probable"}
{"text":["Just market access, kind of where the Chinese government was trying to protect the early start-up of industries in China. And I think now the economy's grown enough that this - many of these things could be opened up again and access could increase for American businesses. It's also information technology, being able to make sure you can move information across boundaries, things like that.","OK. I'm hearing you - I'm hearing a wish list on what you want China to do. But is there anything you want to see from this administration that would help things out for Cummins?","Most importantly for me, I want to see engagement. I think that U. S.  businesses do very well whenever there is any access to foreign markets. We can succeed in markets when we have a chance to compete. And that's really what we want to see with every economy around the world. We'd like to see that with the USMCA, too - the Mexico-Canada agreement, too. We'd like to see that signed and completed. We'd like to see more free trade agreements with other countries.","Have you raised any of these concerns directly with the White House?I know that you sit on the Business Roundtable, which is this pretty powerful organization made up of prominent CEOs like yourself."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Market access in China was protected by the government for start-ups, but now it's time to open up and increase access for American businesses","questions":"How was market access in China protected for start-ups?","answer":"protected"}
{"text":["So in some senses, it's unverifiable. You know, I guess one of the best ways to think about this memorandum is that when asked, Devin Nunes refused to share this memo either with the DOJ - or the Department of Justice - or the FBI - the very people accused in the memo, or with the Republican chairman of the Senate intelligence committee. So that tells you a little bit about his level of confidence in the allegations that are made.","Apparently, Democrats are drafting their own memo in response to this memo. So now we're going to have dueling memos?What's in that one?","Well, we haven't completed it yet, but it will be a memorandum which points out the factual inaccuracies in the original one. Again, it's a bit sensitive because in - there's sort of an evil genius to this first memorandum because it does make reference to very highly classified intelligence that almost nobody has seen. But in as much as we can, we'll try to lay out the facts around these acquisitions - sorry, these allegations. And, again, just make the point that, you know, along with, you know, the belief that there was wiretapping of Donald Trump, you know, that there was improper unmasking - this is the latest in a steady stream of unfounded allegations designed to undermine the FBI in particular.","I'd like to understand a little bit about what the committee, at this point, is doing in the House that is investigating collusion between Russian operatives and the Trump campaign. It's been nearly a year. Have you found an - evidence of any crimes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Devin Nunes lacks confidence in the allegations made in the memo.","questions":"Which person does not have confidence in the allegations made in the memo?","answer":"Devin"}
{"text":["The bank says that, you know, it had nothing to do with who the Saudi Committee chose to give money to. And they said that they vetted all of the organizations and individuals against these international lists of designated terrorists and that there were no red flags.","How does it happen that a U. S.  court even has jurisdiction in this?","This is the first case under the Anti-Terrorism Act. And the reason it's being tried here is because again it's a federal - it's a U. S.  federal law. And many of the payments that we're talking about were processed through the New York-based operations of Arab Bank. So in order to clear payments, some of these transactions are routed through branches in the U. S.  And so that's where you get jurisdiction.","Jessica, are there implications for the banking industry in this case?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is making a subtle suggestion or insinuation that others may pick up on, but without being too direct or forceful.","questions":"What is the tone of the speaker in turn 2?","answer":"Subtle"}
{"text":["Well, I think the Senate has this advise and consent role. They have a constitutional duty to vet judges. The way that's principally done is by asking hard questions about how judges think about the law. There's a lot of yardage between saying, how are you going to rule in that DACA case?That would be inappropriate. There's something entirely different about saying, I'm trying to get a sense of how you think about your job and how you think about doctrines. So tell me a little bit about cases, particularly cases that are kind of set in amber.","If cases like Brown v.  Board are set in amber, what's the value of even asking the question?","Well, that is the right question. And I think there's a cynical answer, which is, look; it's just performance art, right?I think it's probably worth the caveat that if that's the case, if this was just always what we did, then there's some signaling - an important signaling - when you suddenly decline to do it.","Do you have any reason that any of these nominees that have evaded the question of Brown v.  Board being correctly decided - do you have any reason to believe that they would be in support of overturning Brown v.  Board?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of the turn in (3) is that if the Senate only performs a ritual of asking hard questions without any intention to actually vet the judges, then declining to do that ritual is an important signal.","questions":"How does turn 2 suggest the importance of declining to perform a ritual?","answer":"Performance"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. Staycation. It's one of those newfangled words that's caught on fast. A vacation is when you vacate. You take off, you stay in a hotel, or camp out, or see the sights. A staycation is - well, you got it. With soaring gas prices and plane tickets, this was supposed to be the summer of staying at home. But was that prediction off the mark?If you're thinking about traveling soon or for the winter holidays, what should you keep in mind?With us to talk about both of those issues we've got Madeline Nunn, senior travel agent with the Richmond, Virginia, branch of the American Automobile Association, or Triple-A. Hi, Madeline.","How are you?","I'm great. So, back in May, a Rand McNally survey found that two-thirds of Americans planning road trips this summer said they would shorten their trips or cancel them all together. Summer is wrapping up, so what actually panned out?","Well, actually, the staycation thing is sort of a myth, so to speak, because Americans are traveling. They're traveling because they are hard-working and they need the rest and the revitalization. They need this vacation. So, what we're finding is that they're not staying home, per se. Some are just staying a little closer to home. And sometimes they're limiting the length of time that they may take for this vacation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Americans are limiting the length of their vacations.","questions":"What are Americans doing to their vacations?","answer":"Vacations"}
{"text":["And I'm sure this was a topic happening this weekend at the Iowa State Fair, where most of the Democratic presidential candidates are. They're hoping to make an impression at the first-in-the-nation caucus. How, Ron, would you assess the Democratic contest right now?","Yes, they all go to the state fair. There seems to be a certain legitimacy that's conferred by posing for pictures with a cow made entirely of butter. The state fair is the unofficial starting gun, as you say, for the Iowa caucuses six months away.","Right now, it's mostly a test of who can be the biggest anti-Trump or who's calling him a racist or who's not calling him a white nationalist or who is or isn't calling for his impeachment. The typical Iowan would probably rather talk about different plans for health care or tariffs on China and China's lack of purchases of some of their products, but talking about Trump gets headlines and brings the cameras.","And China, as you mentioned - the U. S.  has again escalated its trade war with China. The Trump administration labeled China a currency manipulator. That's after China devalued its currency. And that came right after new tariffs the president announced last week. All that has the stock market bouncing around. How is this affecting the presidential race?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The stock market bouncing around means that its values are changing rapidly.","questions":"How is the stock market affected by recent events?","answer":"Bouncing"}
{"text":["Do you feel confident that a vaccine could essentially contain the outbreak?","We are confident that the vaccination is a good complementary measure. So by the time we started the vaccination, we already had a number of cholera cases. What we are trying to prevent is an outbreak of huge proportions that would essentially make our entire health system collapse completely.","Dr.  Ilesh Jani is director general of Mozambique's National Institute of Health. Thank you for speaking with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone","questions":"How does turn 3 relate to the concept of ownership?","answer":"Hosting"}
{"text":["I've always felt like with Britain that there was always a kind of low-grade racism that one experienced almost on a daily basis. Like, in America, you feel it's a much bigger convulsion. And the society is kind of reckoning with it in a more sincere but more troubled way. In England, it was always very light, you know?So it was - you'd come in and the guys on the walkie-talkie would be like, ah, you're the Indian fellow who's going with Gabriella. And it was like - so like. . .","A limerick.","Yeah. The first line of a limerick. But obviously, there was an implication because at that point, there was no one of my shape and size and color around, you know?So it was definitely there.","You focus in this piece on Princess Michael of Kent, who recently, of course, caused controversy when she wore a blackamoor brooch when she met Meghan Markle, who is biracial. And you say that that isn't surprising that she would have done something like that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The remark had racial undertones because of his skin color","questions":"How did the guys on the walkie-talkie refer to the Indian fellow?","answer":"Indian"}
{"text":["Believe me, I was - I just went into a state of shock. Yeah, it was one of those things. I mean, I guess some people's imaginations run towards good fortune all the time, but I'm sort of the kid who's always sort of preparing myself for the apocalypse. So when something good happens, it's more extraordinary even than normal.","Yeah, do you know who nominated you, by the way?","Oh hell no, and whoever did kept their secret because I had no clue.","Oh, you won't find that out. That's so interesting because I think you'd want to go and thank them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person who nominated the speaker for something kept it a secret.","questions":"Which turn mentions a secret being kept?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["Leading the tributes to President George H. W. Bush were several former presidents and the current president. President Trump said of Mr.  Bush, with sound judgment, common sense and unflappable leadership, he guided our nation and the world to a peaceful and victorious conclusion of the Cold War. President Bill Clinton, who defeated Mr.  Bush for the presidency in 1992, gave thanks for his great long life of service, love and friendship. Ron Elving, senior Washington correspondent, joins us. Ron, thanks so much for being with us.","Good to be with you, Scott.","He was the last of a different generation - sometimes called the greatest generation. He served in World War II, congressman, former U. S.  ambassador to China and the United Nations, director of the CIA, vice president and then after that finally president.","You know, when he first sought the Republican nomination in 1980, Scott, his TV ads called him, quote, \"a president we won't have to train,\" unquote. And that was a nod to all that preparation and experience he had had even before he was vice president."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : George H.W. Bush had a lot of preparation and experience for presidency","questions":"Which president had a nod to all his preparation and experience in his TV ads during his campaign for the Republican nomination?","answer":"Bush"}
{"text":["The government sets the interest rates and so the banks can make a lot money. And if you're a Chinese person, you can't really get much of your capital out of the country. So where else are you going to put it?","One of the problems with the banks is that they tend to invest in state-owned enterprises. It's kind of part of their job, and it's less risky. But most of the jobs in China are really produced by private enterprise, as they are here in the United States. And it's much harder for them to get capital. So people are, in many ways, feelings that the economy is out of whack in a number ways and that there need to be some serious changes. The government knows this, but there are now very strong vested interests in state-owned enterprises and the banks. And so getting that done is not going to be easy politically.","And even some of those big industries who are in the, I guess, the equivalent of a China's Pittsburgh, the Steel City, and a couple of vast enterprises there, well, they've gone under.","The over-capacity in the steel is extraordinary, and the debt now is over $400 billion. It's actually owned by steel companies largely to Chinese banks. And it's going to take years to work through that over-capacity."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Chinese economy is not balanced and requires serious changes","questions":"How much is the debt in the Chinese steel industry?","answer":"$400"}
{"text":["That seems to be the case.","Thanks very much for being with us today.","Thank you so much, Neal. Keep an eye on your belly button.","Rob Dunn is a science writer, a biologist in the Department of Biology at North Carolina State University. He joined us today from Raleigh. Tomorrow, traffic. L. A. 's is legendary, they're trying something new. They have synchronized every traffic light in the city. Join us for an update with Tom Vanderbilt tomorrow right after I go home and take a shower. It's the TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. I'm Neal Conan in Washington."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 'B' is not actually going home to shower. 'A' probably said something about germs or bacteria on the body, and 'A' is joking about feeling unclean.","questions":"Which part of the body did 'A' tell 'B' to keep an eye on?","answer":"Eye"}
{"text":["So wait, you're saying to invest in fat?","Well, exactly. Or to invest in companies that prevent that fat. So that's one potential demographic change. The amount of chocolate consumed worldwide is greater every year, particularly, you know, as you have a lower class in China that's moving towards the middle class.","The problems with clean water in these urban areas is getting larger and larger every year. For instance, right now, just about 50 percent of all hospital beds worldwide are filled with people suffering from clean-water-related diseases or unclean-water-related diseases. So making investments based on these trends and the others I discuss in the book could be enormously profitable in the long run.","Does the fact that this economy, which seems to just take hit after hit after hit, and it seems to be heading straight into a recession if not worst, does that at all change the advice that you give?And presumably, you wrote this book before all the really bad news hit."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning is that A is suggesting investing in companies related to the growing middle class in China.","questions":"What potential demographic change is PersonA suggesting investing in?","answer":"Middle"}
{"text":["OK.","We're in a tent at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival. So if you hear some extraneous sounds that you wouldn't normally hear in Studio 3A, please forgive us. But it gives us the opportunity to do some things that we wouldn't ordinarily do. We want to hear from comedians today. How do you translate your material, which comes from a certain time and place, to a wider or different cultural or even ethnic group?Give us a call: 800-989-8255. Email us: talk@npr. org.","And Trevor Noah, what did you find translated well?Is there a material that you did in Cape Town that you can do in Los Angeles, or Baltimore for that matter?","Not really, no. Because the points of view changes, you know?I think the one - well, I could talk about Oprah. Oprah is worldwide. Yes.","Oprah is worldwide."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Not really, no. Because the points of view changes, you know? I think the one - well, I could talk about Oprah. Oprah is worldwide. Yes. (This turn has an implied meaning that Trevor Noah's comedy material doesn't translate well across different cultural settings due to differences in perspectives. The mention of Oprah as a worldwide figure is a way of acknowledging that there are some cultural references that are universally understood)","questions":"What is the name of the worldwide figure mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Oprah"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me.","You all have investigated conditions at these facilities and concluded that Customs and Border Protection should stop detaining migrants there altogether - right?- in the Rio Grande Valley Sector. Can you just describe what you've seen?","Well, we conducted over 120 interviews with migrants, and we've heard pretty horrendous stories, from being denied access to water to being held outdoors in a pen for three days without access to showers or medicine for children. The conditions are pretty horrific.","You mentioned you've interviewed families seeking asylum there. Can you give an example of a story that stuck with you - someone talking about what it was like to try and get health care treatment that they need?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Migrants are suffering from inhumane conditions in detention centers.","questions":"How are migrants being treated in detention centers?","answer":"Horrific"}
{"text":["And it might take you until next summer to finish \"Wolf Hall,\" to be ready.","So this is - I want to correct the misapprehension that this is a hard book to read. This is a - like, a - certainly a long piece of psychologically realistic fiction. But you - from the minute you meet Thomas Cromwell, you really are going to be sucked in. And if - if you are a \"Game Of Thrones\" watcher who is interested in how power corrupts, how an intensely human, brilliant person can, you know, become the kind of person that maybe dragon fires a whole village or - I don't know - takes down the Catholic Church and murders a queen, then, you know, \"Wolf Hall\" is for you. Plus, you then will have the benefit of being right on time in March, when the third one comes out.","What about for your friend, the - the I-don't-do-fiction reader, the reader that wants to read. . .","I don't know any of those people. (Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The person does know people like that including himself and is joking.","questions":"How does PersonA respond to PersonB's inquiry about \"I-don't-do-fiction\" readers?","answer":"Joking"}
{"text":["And it all comes down really to these apple trees. The husband, James, is obsessed with apples, growing the sweet apples. She, Sadie, the mother, is - well, she's a drunk. She's looking for applejack. She likes the spitters - not the eaters - the spitters.","Yes, and Johnny Appleseed is a little bit like her drug dealer because he comes along twice a year in his canoe to see how they're doing. And he sometimes takes off the barrels of apples and brings them back pressed for them as cider. And, you know, I don't think he does it maliciously, but he is, as I said, he's a businessman. So he's got a slightly different take on it all.","And why don't you describe what Johnny Appleseed looks like in your novel as you paint him?","Actually, some of the myth is true. He did sometimes wear a tin pot for a hat. His clothing was interesting, shall we say?He often wore a coffee sack that he cut holes out of and a rope for a belt. So, yeah, he was a strange guy. He was actually making all this money, not for himself, but really because he was what they called a Swedenborgian, a very peculiar Christian sect. And Johnny Appleseed spent a lot of time proselytizing. And he'd go on this kind of rant, and a lot of the settlers - I read some hilarious accounts of them going, oh, this guy, we don't understand a word he's saying, but, you know, he's kind of entertaining, so he's harmless."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Johnny Appleseed's proselytizing and peculiar behavior may be seen as harmless by some settlers, but it also alienates him from others who do not understand or agree with his beliefs.","questions":"Which Christian sect was Johnny Appleseed a part of?","answer":"Swedenborgian"}
{"text":["'Cause there are a lot of industries now that can point to the fact that they are using fewer people to sometimes produce even greater revenues.","Well, that's what using fewer people will sometimes do. It certainly will - using fewer people will increase the productivity of the people that you are using. And we had been living through an age where we are adapting to a transformative technology - the Internet. I mean, this has enormous effects on the workplace. But, you know, I'm a mere writer. I wouldn't even know how to begin to answer the question you just asked; how much of this is a fundamental shift in the economy and how much of it is a result of the way we've led our financial lives?","Michael Lewis, what should, in your mind, Americans learn from the financial crisis in Europe?","The thing that has interested me the most is the role of the big financial institutions in our economy. I think over the period of the last several decades, they have spun out of control; that they are too big to fail, which means that the normal sort of mechanism of a market economy is not allowed to work in a financial sector. That normal mechanism is creative destruction. It's, you know, someone builds a better one and the old one dies. And I would have thought the big lesson from the period of 2007, 2008 is that we can't really build an economy based on such institutions. It's like building your house on sand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A's statement \"It's like building your house on sand\" is a metaphorical expression, implying that an economy based on big financial institutions is unstable and likely to collapse. The actual meaning is not about building a physical house on sand, but rather using it as a comparison to convey a message about the inherent instability of such an economy.","questions":"Which expression does PersonA use to compare the instability of an economy based on big financial institutions?","answer":"Sand"}
{"text":["It's always the fights inside the family that can get rough. Things got rough this week in the Democratic Party after freshman Representative Ilhan Omar of Minnesota made more remarks many saw as anti-Semitic. The House finally passed an anti-hate resolution condemning anti-Semitism and - well, a lot of things, I think, including dandruff. Did it solve or aggravate divisions?Susan Davis, NPR congressional correspondent, joins us. Sue, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning, Scott.","Everything better now?","(Laughter) Well, every Democrat in the end did vote for the resolution, so they were unified in the end, but it certainly did provide a roadmap for the kind of divisions we might see going forward."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Despite being unified there are many roads to go forward to in order to find their goal to reach.","questions":"How did the resolution provide a roadmap for Democrats?","answer":"Roadmap"}
{"text":["Well, I'm delighted. I'm absolutely high as a kite. I said yesterday, I'm high as the flag on the Fourth of July, and it's the way I still feel today.","And does this ruling change the way researchers will be able to work?","It has a less of an impact on research, which has never been subject to the enforcement of a patent, than it does on the availability of this approach for patient care. The enforcement of the monopoly on testing by Myriad was in the realm of patient care, that is testing for patients who were referred by their physicians or genetic counselors for sequencing of BRCA1 and 2.","Does this mean that it will open up the realm of other people, other companies, coming up with a test also and maybe drive the price of the test down."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Myriad was the main company that could do testing and had most tests done by them.","questions":"How was Myriad's position in the testing market?","answer":"less"}
{"text":["Pounder has also used her leverage as an artist to find apartheid and AIDS, and she owns and runs the Pounder-Kone Art Space in Los Angeles. I've had a chance to visit the space and see the art she chooses for her shows, and now, CC is here. How are you doing?","I'm good. Thanks for having me.","So, you know, you have this space at Atwater Village, one of the, for me, living in Los Angeles, one of the eastern, eastern parts of L. A. , but everyone has. . .","The outpost."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement implies that Pounder who is an artist do fight against apartheid and AIDS.","questions":"Which social issues does Pounder fight against?","answer":"AIDS"}
{"text":["The big one was that they died of lead poisoning due to the canning of the canned tin goods. The problem with that - these guys hadn't eaten any tin food. It was only three months into their voyage.","It was a dire situation anyway you look at it. But, of course, in your book, it wasn't dire enough. You throw in an Arctic beast.","I do, an unexplained Arctic beast that we never see. And the reason for that is I wanted something to personify just the terror, the horror of the darkness, the five months of darkness, the terrible cold - 100 degrees below zero - the constricting ice that you had to listen to against the hull, you know, all the time.","What would be the best-case scenario for you if they find which ship it is?What would you like to know?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  B: \"It wasn't dire enough\" - The literal meaning suggests that the situation was not severe enough, but in the context of the conversation, it implies that the situation was already very dire, and adding an Arctic beast to the story made it even more terrifying.","questions":"Which word implies that the situation was already dire and adding an Arctic beast made it even more terrifying?","answer":"Terrifying"}
{"text":["As you alluded to, the printing of the census has begun, without the citizenship question. Isn't that a logistical hurdle, a financial hurdle to this going forward?","So the Justice Department represented in court that the forms had to start printing on July 1, and they in fact started printing. So what would have to happen if the citizenship question were added is the printing would stop, they'd have to junk all those forms, and they'd be behind. The plaintiffs had argued in some of the cases, well, we could really start printing as late as October in order for it to be in time. It would be yet another reversal by the government if they took the position, yeah, now we agree with the plaintiffs; the printing can happen later.","Rick Hasen is a professor of law and political science at the University of California, Irvine. Thanks for speaking with us.","Thank you, and happy July 4."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when something is referred to as a hurdle in this context it means its something that stands in the way of getting something done","questions":"How did the Justice Department represent the printing of the census forms?","answer":"Started"}
{"text":["Good morning, Renee.","First, that citizenship question. In just a matter of days, it's been on, it's been off. Now the president says he wants it on again. What's going on there?","The Supreme Court said last month, you could have it but only with good justification. And the Supreme Court has ruled before that the census is supposed to count everyone and not just citizens, as it has always. Then, the president said yesterday he had four or five ways that he could get this question back on. But executive orders, which were one of the ways he mentioned, do not supersede court orders. So the president is still going to have to have something that pleases the court.","And yesterday, a federal judge in Maryland ordered further discovery in this case, meaning people from Commerce and the Justice Department are going to have to answer questions about this question, where it came from. And yesterday, in court, the lawyers for the administration admitted that, at this point, they don't know what to say.","The president has also been tweeting about another big story, the conditions at Border Patrol detention centers. Yesterday, he said many of the migrants held there were - and I'm quoting - \"living far better now than they were where they came from and in safer conditions. \"I mean, that's not what a report from the Department of Homeland Security's own Office of the Inspector General said this week. It - that report warned about dangerous overcrowding and prolonged detention without proper food or hygiene or laundry facilities - very big difference."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Pleases the court could mean \"good enough for the court\" or something like that.","questions":"What did the Supreme Court require for the citizenship question to be included in the census?","answer":"justification"}
{"text":["I did not detect that in Putin's three-hour press conference. I did not see him saying we need to open up a second front in our confrontation with the West. I actually saw hints of him looking for a deal, hints of him wanting to be more conciliatory vis-a-vis the West. And so I didn't detect that, you know, we're in the corner and we're going to lash out. It was more conciliatory for Putin. I want to emphasize that.","Yeah. At some level, is this what American policy wanted?","At the beginning of the Obama administration - when I joined the government - this is exactly what we didn't want. We wanted a cooperative relation with the Russians that would be good for the United States, good for Russia.","So do Russians of means put all their money into London townhouses now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The turn that has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning is (4): \"So do Russians of means put all their money into London townhouses now?\" This question is likely not asking for a direct answer about the financial habits of wealthy Russians, but rather implies a criticism of the practice of using London real estate as a means of hiding or laundering money. The speaker may be implying that this practice is unethical or unfair.","questions":"How does the question posed by PersonB in turn 3 imply criticism?","answer":"Implication"}
{"text":["My pleasure.","So take us back to 2001 when the Enron scandal broke. What had the company hidden, and how did it come to light?","The company has hidden the fact that it was making up most of its earnings, and rather than having solid profits as it reported, it was actually losing money. And the way this came to light was that some people with the Wall Street Journal had trouble understanding what the company was doing - started raising questions about it. And then the Securities and Exchange Commission, which I suspect reads the Wall Street Journal very closely, began looking into it, and then the whole thing just sort of blew off and exploded.","There are a few names that we remember from this case. Give me an example of a couple of the folks who - a lot of folks said that the hubris was amazing, not, you know, when people were finally identified. So who were some of the key players in this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He is asking for a historical recap, not literal time travel","questions":"What event is \"B\" asking \"A\" to take them back to in the dialogue?","answer":"2001"}
{"text":["You're a breast cancer survivor. Your husband passed away. One of your other children was in a serious accident, and yet when you deal with the Imus ordeal, you say I've never felt so powerless in my life. Why did that touch you so much?","You know, Farai, one of the things that maybe people didn't know is that here I had a team of 10 players, and five of those young ladies were freshmen. Less than a year before that, they were sitting on bleachers at a high school graduation. Some of them that came to me had braces on their teeth. They had dreams and aspirations of becoming doctors and psychologists and musicians and all the like.","And here while they had done something that they should be commended for because throughout the year, the year had been a tremendous struggle. They had been pushed to the brink, and yet somehow they survived. And beyond surviving, here they were standing before a national audience and being honored as one of the top two teams in this nation.","And I was so proud of them because I could remember seeing some of them cry or think that they couldn't and then to see their faces on television or USA Today and, you know, this is what it's all about - for us as leaders and as parents and as people that care about our young people - to take them to places that they don't think that they can go, have them accomplish those things, and then with that level of security and confidence, they can take on the world."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Helping young people achieve their goals gives them confidence to take on the world","questions":"How does achieving goals help young people?","answer":"Confidence"}
{"text":["Absolutely. But on the other hand, you know, basically going toward an impeachment process without making sure that we have done our homework and have the case to win the approval of the American people and to get a conviction in the Senate may not be the best course. So right now. . .","But forgive - we just have half a minute left. Forgive - you and I always use baseball analogies. Are you essentially saying we're not going to begin the game until we know we can win it?","I think what I'm saying is we have to make sure that we go down the path where we can actually achieve the intended result. And right now, going into the impeachment process without having done all our homework is not what my constituents want. And I think that it's not necessarily the best course.","Representative Raja Krishnamoorthi of Illinois, thanks so much for being back with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are not going to do the impeachment until they have studied all of the evidence and the laws regarding it.","questions":"What is the best course according to Representative Raja Krishnamoorthi of Illinois?","answer":"homework"}
{"text":["Very infamous words. . .",". . . George W.  Bush famously used. And he used them the last time we were involved in a Middle East conflict, declared it accomplished. And it turns out it wasn't.","No, far from it. Let's turn to some other things that are happening this week. It's not been a dull week in Washington. The president spent this past week exhibiting a lot of fury and anxiety. And, indeed, that has continued on Twitter today about the special counsel investigation, which sprouted yet another inquiry this week, and the raid on his personal lawyer, Michael Cohen.","That's right. We're learning that his personal lawyer, Michael Cohen, has been the subject of a months-long criminal corruption investigation. We know that Cohen is in trouble for several things, including not paying taxes on his taxi medallion business. But Michael Cohen is about as close to Donald Trump as anyone who has been investigated so far. He's his personal lawyer. He knows all about the Trump Organization deals all around the world because he helped negotiate some of them. We also find out just tangentially that he even helped negotiate a deal between an - the vice chairman of the RNC and a model, who he had an affair with and got pregnant."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : when someone says \"far from it\" they mean it isn't the case or its not what was implied","questions":"How would you describe the situation that \"far from it\" refers to in the dialogue?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["There is some. The question is whether what they see in their internal polls, the surveys they're doing every night in the 14 battleground states, whether what they're seeing is just a little glimmer or a hope that will sort of fade away, or whether it's kind of the beginning traction of perhaps a long shot, but perhaps a strategy that might actually pay off for Senator McCain.","You write about Senator McCain's pollster, a guy named Bill McInturff, who I gather is quite well regarded in the polling industry, and he's been sending out memos saying, I actually think things are getting better. There's also a new poll today, Mason-Dickson-NBC, on specifically Pennsylvania, and it finds the numbers there narrowing down to about a four-point lead for Senator Obama.","Well, that's exactly right. Bill McInturff has been, as some McCain aides described it over the course of his campaign, a bit of a wet blanket at times. When they thought things were going well, he would say, well, you know, the numbers are showing some weakness here.","But yet, in the last four or five days, it's kind of reversed. They've gotten emails in the morning that as delivers his reports from the previous day's survey, they've got good news in them. You know, women who make less than $60,000 are moving towards McCain. Men with some college education are moving towards him. And they're doing it in these battleground states."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : battleground implies a place of contests and difficulties","questions":"What word describes the states where women who make less than $60,000 are moving towards McCain and men with some college education are moving towards him?","answer":"battleground"}
{"text":["So I always tell people, look at your many choices. Don't close any doors. But the fact is that, you know, take your passion, take it as far as you can, but understand you've got to make a living, and you've got to pay the loan back.","What about people like you, who are college presidents?What challenges are you facing in trying to make sure that you can get a broad variety of students from different backgrounds?","Farai, you know, what keeps me up at night is the young women who want to be admitted but don't have the dollars, the young women who are students who are continuing, who are saying, I need more financial aid, the young women whose parents can't take out another loan. That literally keeps me up at night. If you see me again and I'm gray, that's what did it.","I mean literally. I mean, I wake up in the - you know, I wake up in the middle of the night and say, how can I find money for these young people?It is a challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Pursuing passion is important, but financial stability is also crucial.","questions":"Which aspect of young women's situation keeps the college president up at night?","answer":"Financial-stability"}
{"text":["Please tell us, what are your feelings, in the wake of Charlottesville, about the statues of your ancestor?","Well, I'm a pastor. And one of the things that I automatically go to is this is a form of idolatry, very plain and simply. We have made an idol of Robert Edward Lee. We have made him an idol of white supremacy. We have made him an idol of nationalism and of bigotry and of hate and of racism. And that's unacceptable. And not only as a person of goodwill but as for me as a Christian, I can no longer sit by and allow my family's name to be used as hate-filled speech.","Pastor, I'd like to note that you have, since you have come out publicly and talked about this, been receiving threats. Can you tell me what's been going on?","Yeah. Well, the message boards are lit up with people saying that people who are speaking out against white supremacy, including myself, should be taken care of, whatever that means. And it's been hard. I mean, I'm a 24-year-old. I'm a pastor. I'm not a violent person. I don't condone violence in any form. And so to see that there are people who wish to be violent against me and my family, against my church community is terrifying."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  A's turn: \"We have made an idol of Robert Edward Lee. We have made him an idol of white supremacy. We have made him an idol of nationalism and of bigotry and of hate and of racism. And that's unacceptable.\"  The actual meaning of this turn is that the speaker believes that the way Robert Edward Lee is being celebrated is unacceptable, as it is a form of idolatry that promotes hate, racism, white supremacy, and nationalism.","questions":"What kind of speech is unacceptable according to A?","answer":"idolatry"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . Household where they can do a little more with their income.","So what kind of minimum wage jobs are we talking about?","So we find a lot of our families do have the fast-food restaurant jobs. But we do have families that also have certified nursing assistants. We have nurses on our program. We have families with professional jobs. They're moving up. But we do see a lot of the fast-food restaurant, airport low-paying jobs at this time.","Is there advice you'd give the federal government about a jobs requirement program?","I think introducing a minimum work requirement may be a good option in the long run, but you have to take it slow. You can't just roll it out, say I - we want to do this today and roll it out tomorrow. We will impact families tremendously. We may increase homelessness because this becomes a substantial burden on families, especially our low-income families. We would definitely have a social problem in this country if we rolled it out all at once."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Many families in the program have low-paying jobs like fast-food restaurant and airport jobs.","questions":"What kind of jobs do many families in the program have?","answer":"Low-paying"}
{"text":["When the novel \"Angels Make Their Hope Here\" begins the Civil War is not far off. It's 1849 and the U. S.  is riven by racial conflict. Inside the world of the novel a man named Duncan Smoot is about to save a young girl from slavery. Her name is Dossey - Dossey Byrd as he calls her. He brings her to Russell's Knob, a settlement in the New Jersey Highlands, that's a sort of idyllic interracial enclave where everyone is free and blacks and whites and Native Americans intermarry. This is the third work of historical fiction from Breena Clarke whose previous novel, \"River Cross My Heart,\" was a selection for Oprah's book club. Breena Clarke joins us now from our New York bureau. Thanks for being here.","Oh, well, I'm really happy to be here, Tamara. Thank you for having me.","I'd love for you to start by reading the description of Russell's Knob.","OK. The first building in the village was a small, stone house that sat like a muddy, brown bird hiding herself in dense foliage. Outsiders and casual climbers were meant to miss seeing the cleverly disguised house and the cut that led to the town. If you knew the cuts, you could find the town."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"sat like a muddy, brown bird hiding herself in dense foliage\" - The literal meaning is that the small, stone house was situated in a way that it resembled a bird blending in with the surrounding foliage. The figurative meaning could be interpreted as the house being intentionally hidden from outsiders and only visible to those who knew where to look.","questions":"How was the small, stone house described in the village of Russell's Knob?","answer":"Hiding"}
{"text":["President Donald Trump had his long-awaited face-to-face with Russian President Vladimir Putin at last week's G-20 summit. Just how the issue of Russian meddling in the November election was addressed is subject to interpretation. And in this country, Congress comes back from recess with health care legislation still looming. So much politics to talk about, so little time - so let's turn to NPR's national political correspondent Mara Liasson. Good morning, Mara.","Good morning, A.","All right. So before we get to Putin-Trump, let's look at the G-20 meeting and what all the countries got out of it.","Well, the big theme of this meeting was how isolated and separate the United States is from the rest of the G-20, the rest of the big economies. It's like there's a G-19, and then there's the U. S. , particularly on climate, trade and immigration. The biggest difference at this meeting was climate. The other 19 leaders agreed that continuing to enact the Paris Agreement on climate change was important. They called the agreement irreversible. Of course, Donald Trump has pulled the U. S.  out of that agreement. So the Europeans and others are going to move forward without the U. S."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It's like there's a G-19, and then there's the U.S.\" - This implies that the United States is distinct and separate from the other 19 countries in the G-20, rather than simply stating that there are 19 countries in addition to the U.S. in the group.","questions":"What was the biggest difference at the G-20 meeting according to A?","answer":"Climate"}
{"text":["It really is. I mean, the fact - and he uses the microscopes that I used as a kid, right, from the '60s because those must be Bausch and Lomb or something like that.","The Zeiss microscope.","Zeiss microscope, different company.","Yeah, right. No, he said that actually if you want to get into this, you know, the cost of one of these microscopes from the '60s or '70s is about that of a computer, but it'll last you a lifetime.","Forever. The optics are just terrific."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that the price of a microscope in the 60s and 70s is of the same price with a computer but more durable.","questions":"Which electronic device is mentioned in the dialogue that costs the same as a microscope from the '60s or '70s?","answer":"Computer"}
{"text":["Well, you have roots in the South, so what are some of the food prep and food producing traditions of the South that you think we need to reconnect with?","Yeah, for me, it's really about helping people remember and as you said, reconnect with these issues - or these ways of connecting with the land and producing our foods that we saw just a couple of generations ago. As Will Allen said, you know, most people in America were producing their own food. And when I think about the African-American community that I grew up in, you know, my grandparents had practically an urban farm in their backyard. You know, everyone on the street was growing some type of food, small plots, people had mini- orchards.","And you go back to the same neighborhood now and it's, you know, practically a shell of itself. And I think we need to just kind of like remember that the way that people are advocating for eating local, healthy, sustainable food, you know, these ways that many of us were eating. And this isn't just about African-Americans. I think that a couple of generations ago a lot of us were eating this way, and we just need to get back to that.","Well, some argue that the locally sourced organic food movement is elitist and out of reach for the budget of lower-income city folks. So, what do you think?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Food is the most important think for each any every human.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue mentions the issue of the affordability of locally sourced organic food?","answer":"Elitist"}
{"text":["Well, I think some tariffs do. I think this is a misguided policy. It was not thought out well. Of course, it helps the big steel companies, but it's going to affect all the downstream manufacturing jobs. You know, we're asking for help for them to grant our exclusions that we filed. And it can be approved by President Trump just by signing the exclusion, and that's what we're asking him to do.","Mr.  Pratt, will the people who lost their jobs at Mid Continent be able to find jobs elsewhere?","It will be tough in our area. I mean, it's an area of 17,000 people. We're the second-largest employer in the area, employing over 500 at one time. And it will be tough for them to find other jobs.","In the 2016 election, Donald Trump got 80 percent of the vote in Poplar Bluff and in surrounding counties. Has local support for President Trump changed because of what is happening to your company?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The jobs are with companies that use the steel that is made for their products.","questions":"Which downstream companies rely on the steel produced by the company?","answer":"Downstream"}
{"text":["So this will help the basketball players and then also the track events. But the good thing is obviously with these developments - the wheelchairs (unintelligible) through the people, you know, everyday people that use wheelchairs, and it will mean it's more lightweight for them to lift, say, in and out of vehicles.","And some of this stuff then filters in back to the general public.","Yeah, I mean, and that's a great thing, you know, the flow sort of from elite to high street, as we refer to it, is great. So you start seeing that, for example, with push bikes. We see a lot of that now available, helmet design from bikes, you say that. Swimwear is another thing that we see a lot of technology flowing into the high street.","Let's talk about swimwear because there was a kind of swimwear that was used and is now banned, and something new is taking its place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Advancements in wheelchair technology will make it easier for everyday wheelchair users to lift them in and out of vehicles.","questions":"What will the advancements in wheelchair technology help people with?","answer":"Lifting"}
{"text":["No.","So give an ABC, a little ABCs of how, let's say, Plan B works.","Yeah, so it depends on when you take it. You have to be aware when the fertile window is. So it's five days before ovulation and then about maximum one day after ovulation. And if you take it before the LH surge has started, then it works by either blocking follicular development and ovulation or by postponing it.","But if LH has started to rise, then it's too late, and it has no effect, and ovulation will occur. And it has no effect after ovulation, no effect on the fallopian tube or on the endometrium, that is the uterine lining. And actually if a woman has miscalculated, so she's already pregnant, it has no negative effect on the pregnancy, on the fetus or on the newborn baby. And it can't interrupt a pregnancy, but it has absolutely no effect."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : So give an ABC, a little ABCs of how, let's say, Plan B works","questions":"Which window is important to consider when taking Plan B?","answer":"Fertile"}
{"text":["When you say muscle through an agenda, the implication is they've got to twist arms in their own party?","Well, I think the Republican Party is going through change. The more populous, working-class element of the Republican Party is on the ascent. And the tectonic plates within both parties, frankly, are changing as both parties are becoming more tribalized. As you see on the Democratic side, Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders have a significant and outsized voice in their party just as the House Freedom Caucus and the more populous, working-class wing on the Republican side have an outsized voice.","Ken Spain was managing director of communications at Koch Industries. He's now a partner at the CGCN consultant group. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone","questions":"How does turn 3 clarify the meaning of \"having me\"?","answer":"Engaging"}
{"text":["They know - they see the world as a number of systems. You know, a matrix is a system stuck together, and they know we're vulnerable at a lot of different points. And that's the reason we're seeing more and more groups using these kinds of methods.","They're formidable. I mean, nobody should think of this as a terribly unequal struggle between, you know, the international community and the terrorist. They're a formidable opponent, and we need to act across a broad spectrum to stop them.","So what can be done about this opponent?","We recommend - we have a lot of recommendations. We think they're very practical. It can be done. Some of them are internal in the government themselves. There are internal changes Congress needs to make so that it can be more effective in this, and other commissions have recommended them. Now, let's do it. Let's get it done."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The opponent is a strong and worthy adversary.","questions":"How would you describe the opponent?","answer":"Formidable"}
{"text":["Correct.","And that's the idea?","That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.","Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implies a question as to whether any action has been taken to remove President Kabila from power.","questions":"How has President Kabila been challenged?","answer":"Investigated"}
{"text":["He says it's incumbent on the press and on the media not to make it easy for celebrities to have these terribly serious transgressions alleged and be able to skate by on their charm, on their fame, on their accomplishments outside the arena of these allegations. He said, you know, it is precisely the inconvenient moment where you have all these stars - and Woody Allen is in South of France because of the debut of his new film.","And you have stars like Blake Lively, Jesse Eisenberg and others who are there, Steve Carell. And he says we should be hearing them asked what it's like to work with an alleged child molester - and by the way, those are his words, not mine - rather than asked, you know, what costumes were you wearing?How did you like your outfits?What was it like to work with this great director?","That's his argument. He says it's uncomfortable but these questions need to be asked, otherwise powerful people can get away with terrible things.","How do you feel about that?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : And you have stars like Blake Lively, Jesse Eisenberg and others who are there, Steve Carell. And he says we should be hearing them asked what it's like to work with an alleged child molester - and by the way, those are his words, not mine - rather than asked, you know, what costumes were you wearing? How did you like your outfits? What was it like to work with this great director?\"  Implicated meaning: The speaker suggests that instead of asking superficial questions about celebrities' appearance and experiences on set, it is important to inquire about their experiences working with someone who has been accused of being a child molester. By doing so, the focus would shift to addressing serious allegations and holding individuals accountable for their actions.","questions":"Which alleged crime is the speaker referring to?","answer":"Child"}
{"text":["And I guess the hope of getting to Europe has been extinguished for these people.","The European Union member states have effectively criminalized search and rescue operations on the Mediterranean Sea. And we think that this is a mistake, particularly in the light of how things have changed over last three months. The fact that the Libyan coast guard is taking people back into what is now an active war zone is simply unacceptable.","Elinor Raikes, the Europe and North Africa regional director for the International Rescue Committee, thanks so much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : extinguished implies to become hopeless and not to put out firr","questions":"Which word in the dialogue implies a change in circumstances over the last three months?","answer":"Changed"}
{"text":["We tried for about two and half years. And I had this fear that with every step we took, we would learn something that it would confirm my fear that I couldn't have a baby.","She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF.","Tell me about that moment when you first saw your daughter Hazel for the first time. I mean, how did that feel?","Oh, my gosh. It was - it was incredible. I mean, first of all, I was in labor for 24 hours."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Oh, my gosh. It was - it was incredible. I mean, first of all, I was in labor for 24 hours.\"  Implicated meaning: The speaker had a long and difficult labor, but the experience of giving birth was still an incredible and meaningful moment for them.","questions":"What was the length of PersonA's labor?","answer":"day"}
{"text":["You see, I'm psychic. I'm psychic today.","It's Joe.","I sense that it's Joe.","\"Hey, man, I love Penn and Teller for years. You guys are awesome. I love sleight-of-hand magic and was interested in starting to learn some. Would you have any recommendations where to start?\"I bet you get asked that question a lot."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker says \"I sense that it's Joe.\" The literal meaning is that the speaker believes they have psychic abilities and can sense the identity of a person without being told. However, the implied meaning could be that the speaker recognizes Joe's voice, appearance, or behavior and is using their intuition to make an educated guess about who it is. The implied meaning suggests that the speaker is not actually psychic, but is using their observational skills to make a prediction.","questions":"Which word suggests the speaker is not actually psychic in turn 2?","answer":"Implied"}
{"text":["They're voting for him for various reasons. A, he was a very big Maidan supporter. He was clearly pushing the opposition to take a very pro-European and pro-Western stand. He was helping with those victims during the fights. He was basically becoming one of the faces of Maidan. And that's one of the reasons why people are actually voting for him. The second reason is because he is an oligarch where, actually, now they can turn to.","You know, when you have the central government break down, the people need some kind of stability. And that's not going to be civil society. It needs to be something bigger than that. And the oligarchs are coming, very interestingly, back in the picture by that. The question is not whether Poroshenko is going to win and why he's going to win - what he's going to do with his mandate. If he understands that he needs to bring in a new generation of Ukrainians and do the reform, I think Ukraine is going to be in a very good place.","Balazs Jarabik is a scholar and analyst we reached from Kiev. Thanks very much for being with us.","Thanks, really, for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  A: \"Thanks, really, for having me.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is an expression of gratitude for being invited to participate. The actual meaning is that the speaker appreciates the opportunity to share their knowledge and expertise on the topic at hand.","questions":"What is the actual meaning behind PersonA's expression of gratitude?","answer":"Appreciation"}
{"text":["Good morning, Scott. You're going to have to work on your inflection if you want a new job.","Uh - (mumbling). Want a new job?Did you hear something. . .","ESPN.","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"Which word did Scott mumble in response to PersonA's comment about his inflection?","answer":"mumbling"}
{"text":["It has. It was seized at one point by British commandos off Gibraltar. It was held in Gibraltar for several weeks. A court then finally said that it had to be released after the Iranians guaranteed that it wouldn't breach EU sanctions. The Americans tried to get Gibraltar to hand it over. And Gibraltar said no.","So this is the latest attempt by the Americans to try and get control of the ship. And so they directly offered the captain, Mr.  Kumar, several million dollars to bring the ship to a country that had apparently agreed to impound it and hand it over to the U. S.","Now, if you've got this email - and you say you obtained the email - the first question, I guess, would be - is this really from Brian Hook, really from a senior State Department official?But you have a quote from Brian Hook in your story.","It is definitely from Brian Hook, and I have confirmed that with Brian Hook himself. You know, he said that this is the - an attempt by the Americans to ramp up the maximum pressure campaign on Iran. The next stage is to increase the enforcement of the many sanctions that the U. S.  has put on Iran already. And this is a kind of a new novel approach to try and get ship captains and their crew both to be scared about working for Iran in the future and, second, to offer them a carrot, which is to say that if you come and help us, you'll be rewarded for life. And some of the language used in the email is quite colorful."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"it was seized\" means that something was taken away.","questions":"Which word describes what happened to the ship?","answer":"Seized."}
{"text":["That's a long drive.","It is. Yeah. Two days.","So was there poker - what happens in those buses on that long trip?","You know, I'm afraid to tell you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The drive is tiring and they may not want to make it.","questions":"What is the reason for their reluctance to discuss what happens in the buses during the long trip?","answer":"Afraid"}
{"text":["The census is required by the Constitution and federal law. There's really no wiggle room here. Trump did sign this executive order directing all agencies to provide the Commerce Department with U. S.  citizenship and noncitizenship data of everyone living in the U. S. The thing is, though, that that data collection was already under way, or at least some of it was. So it's not clear what this executive order is really achieving.","House voted to limit the president's authority to use the military to strike Iran. What's the significance of that vote?","So this defense bill was really aimed at reining in the president's power to use military force against Iran without approval from Congress. This has been an issue not only with this president, but, obviously, with prior administrations - the question of when a president must get permission to take military action. And Democrats in the House are trying to take some of that authority back and give it back to Congress. Obviously, Trump was on his - very close to striking Iran, according to him, a few weeks ago.","But although the bill passed the House, it did so along party lines, and it's going to have a much harder time in the Senate. You're likely going to see some compromise have to be made for this bill to become law."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Trump's executive order may not be achieving anything new.","questions":"What was already under way regarding the data collection before Trump's executive order?","answer":"Data"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, the choices - we take in quite a range of groups clan, the Nazi groups, other kinds of white nationalist groups by which I mean, generally more kind of the suit-and-tie crowd than you'll find with the clan in the skinheads. But we also include some very extreme anti-gay groups, some radical traditionalist Catholic groups, these are groups that believe that Jews are evil and so on, murdered God and what have you, and a number of other groups along those lines.","What's driving this growth in the numbers of hate groups?Is it the economy, social forces, a combination of both perhaps?","I think all of those things. During the last eight years or so, most of the period, these groups have very successfully and almost exclusively exploited the issue of illegal immigration. In other words, every clan group, neo-Nazi group out there has kind of put aside all other enemies to concentrate heavily on the so-called threat of people with brown skin coming here, to you know, kind of rape our daughters and destroy our society. That has begun to change in just the last year, especially since last fall when we had two major things going on, of course, the economy crashing and unemployment in particular getting worse and then of course, the election of a black man to the White House. Those things together have really created kind of perfect storm.","Are the number of hate crimes and the number of hate groups increasing on a parallel track?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Perfect storm\" isn't about a literal storm; it means a bunch of conditions coming together to produce something negative. The rape and destroy comments also aren't literally what immigrants will do, but what A is characterizing these clans claim they will do.","questions":"Which phrase used by PersonA is metaphorical and not to be taken literally?","answer":"Perfect-storm"}
{"text":["With us now, author and economist Julianne Malveaux, she is president of Bennett College. Welcome, Dr.  Malveaux.","Greetings, Farai. How are you?","I'm doing well, but some people aren't. And let's talk about these figures and really, what is shifting in our economy right now in terms of the different sectors where people are losing these tens of thousands of jobs?","Well, people are looking ahead and they're very uncertain, and that's what we see in markets. We see people laying people off. We also have some challenge in financial market. Certainly, the Bear Stearns' crisis raises all kinds of questions. The housing market, of course, we've talked about that on this program several times, but the fact is that we see a stagnancy. We don't see growth. We see houses that are overvalued. Lots of people in mortgage crisis. People who bought homes within the last five years finding that they overpaid for their homes and they couldn't sell them in what they paid for them, so they're stuck. That removes liquidity."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"I'm doing well, but some people aren't. And let's talk about these figures and really, what is shifting in our economy right now in terms of the different sectors where people are losing these tens of thousands of jobs?\" - The literal meaning is a statement about the current state of the economy and its impact on employment. The implied meaning is a suggestion to discuss the economic issues and the resulting job losses.","questions":"What is the profession of Julianne Malveaux?","answer":"economist"}
{"text":["Many Brazilians are angry over millions of dollars that the country has invested in the World Cup and upcoming Olympic Games while millions still live in abject poverty. Yesterday, we asked Brazilian Foreign Minister Antonio Patriota about this issue.","Well, for the first time in our history, we are in the position to eliminate extreme poverty in Brazil, and this thanks to the social programs that were undertaken during the Lula government and now are being intensified and broadened. So Brazil is quickly evolving into a middle-class society. And I think there is a widespread view that they reflect aspirations by citizens who have benefited from rising living standards for improvements in their lives.","But let me renew the question.","On the sports issue, yes. It's not easy to succeed in bringing the World Cup, or the Olympic Games, to your country. And these campaigns, they were based on very widespread popular support. I think it's very important, also, to highlight that these big events are not an end in themselves. As foreign minister, I've been in touch with countries such as the United Kingdom or the Russian Federation, to ensure that the improvement in infrastructure and housing can be converted into urban improvements. Let's also remind ourselves that these big events generate employment. They will bring large number of tourists to Brazil. So, I think that the majority of Brazilian society sees the benefit in hosting these events. Now, if there are views that are critical, I think they deserve to be heard as well, to the extent that they are expressed in a peaceful manner."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker has some reservations or doubts about the situation being discussed.","questions":"What is the PersonA's attitude towards the situation being discussed in turn 2?","answer":"Doubts"}
{"text":["What is your guideline?When do you tell an officer he or she has to start recording?","NOPD policy requires them to record the entire encounter until any police action has ceased. So what we're finding out though sometimes the cameras aren't on. Sometimes they aren't wearing the cameras. And those are clear violations, but then there were also supervisors telling officers things like turn it off during, you know, sensitive matters, but not defining what a sensitive matter could be.","We're also hearing complaints that only parts of interactions are being recorded. That's one of the things we're hearing now. So the misconduct is occurring off-camera, but then they're recording, you know, perfectly professional encounters on camera. So that's one of the things we're also hearing now. And. . .","That's a big complaint and, of course, you wouldn't have any - ironically or incongruously - you wouldn't have a video record of that misconduct, but you would have a video record of them doing it right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they may have information or opinions that they are hesitant to share openly.","questions":"What kind of information or opinions might the speaker be hesitant to share openly?","answer":"Undisclosed"}
{"text":["Martin Evans covers the case for the Telegraph. Thanks so much for being with us.","You're welcome.","Now, I think a lot of us in the United States remember this robbery because allegedly the alleged burglars used an industrial power drill to break through the vault. How did they conceal that?","They did indeed. Well, this robbery took place over Easter weekend in April, which is a long bank holiday weekend - a five-day holiday in the U. K.  All the businesses would've closed for four or five days. And around 8:30 p. m. , the alleged gang arrived in a van and started loading equipment in the street. Now, to any passerby, they would have perhaps looked like workmen carrying out some sort of repair work."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of \"You're welcome\" is to thank someone for what they have done, but the implied meaning is that the speaker is accepting the gratitude.","questions":"How did the speaker respond to the gratitude expressed by the other person?","answer":"You're"}
{"text":["Well, I think we're at an interesting crossroads, because modern medicine has had to acknowledge that there are other forms of medicine because of the way people are spending their dollar. People spend more money seeing alternative practitioners than they do in seeing their primary care doctors. They make more visits to alternative care. The problem is now, that modern medicine is seeking to determine what's efficacious. It's seeking to try to squeeze everything into a biomedical model, in terms of testing and creating whatever evidence that, you know, they need to create, to write an article.","But you can't really do this with energy medicine. So I think that what's going to happen is you're having stronger associations of people that are naturopaths, chiropractors, people doing craniosacral work. So what's happening is that people are getting skills in areas that are allowing them to encroach on things that have previously been treated just by modern medicine. So when you - so people - clinics and hospitals are going to have to move more in the direction of an integrated medical facility.","Well, Dr.  Kokayi, great to talk to you.","I appreciate the time and just to share and put those ideas out there.","Dr.  Kamau Kokayi is the medical director of Kokayi Health Center for Holistic Medicine. He also hosts the New York radio show Global Medicine Review."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People are spending more on alternative medicine than primary care.","questions":"What is the problem modern medicine is trying to determine?","answer":"Efficacious"}
{"text":["We're now going to take a look at another flood and what lessons it may have for Houston and other cities facing the possibility of disaster. Twenty years ago, 50,000 residents were evacuated from Grand Forks, N. D. , when the red river burst its banks. At the time, it was the largest displacement ever in an American city.","What followed was a painful process of raising homes, redrawing maps and building flood walls. The town has been well-protected ever since. Michael Brown has been the mayor of Grand Forks since the year 2000. And he joins us now. Good morning.","Good morning.","So can you remind us, first, of the devastation your city faced in 1997?Take us back."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"a painful process of raising homes, redrawing maps and building flood walls\" implies that the recovery efforts in Grand Forks were challenging and required significant investment and resources, rather than a straightforward or easy process.","questions":"Which process was challenging, required significant investment and resources in Grand Forks?","answer":"Recovery"}
{"text":["Yes, absolutely. It's an era that began shortly after the Civil War, when Congress, in order to allow the former Confederate states back into the Union, insisted that they hold constitutional conventions which would make it possible for black men to vote. And so that caused a kind of electoral revolution in the south. You suddenly had blacks not only voting, something that they were very enthusiastic about, but also electing black officials for the first time. So you had the beginning of a series of about 20 black congressmen who came to Washington from the south and served through - in the end of reconstruction in the late 1870s and then, as you mentioned, all the way up to George White, the very end of the century.","Now, you write about the first seven black members of Congress. What did they have in common beside their race?For example, they weren't all former slaves, were they?","The one thing that I think they had in common was that they all were very exceptional people. Some of them had been slaves. Some had been free blacks. What they had in common was a kind of a, you know, sort of ambition to lead and to serve.","Of these early black politicians, who stands out for you and why?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Stands out\"  meaning that who is the most exceptional, not meaning to stand outside of everyone else","questions":"Which word in the dialogue describes exceptional people?","answer":"exceptional"}
{"text":["I got a glance over the weekend, and the sky was beautifully blue. I mean, really, it was wonderful. And the air pollution index for that day was exceedingly low. Also, it was like 17. That's lowest since I've been keeping track.","This, I think, has to do with changes in weather patterns that appeared to start somewhere in the first week of August. The arrival of rainfall and winds from the northeast and form the northwest, which would bring in cleaner air, and in particular lack of strong winds from the south that would bring up the heavy levels of pollution.","Yet, you've said earlier that the air pollution in Beijing mostly blows in from elsewhere. So these steps that the city officials have taken in recent months with changing traffic patterns and closing factories, really, that's not a factor here?","Well, you know, I've been looking at the day they very carefully tried to decide what is really going on this summer. We know that the controls did something. It's just that I, at least, am unable to pick out their effects in the data so far."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"unable to pick out their effects\" means \"unable to distinguish their effects\" rather than \"physically pick out their effects\"","questions":"How did PersonA mean \"unable to pick out their effects\" in turn 3?","answer":"Distinguish"}
{"text":["Well, the short answer's yes. The deforestation program in Brazil has been enormously successful. Between 2004 and 2012, deforestation fell by more than 80%. That's a shocking success. The challenge is that since 2012, deforestation has ticked up. There's also been a backlash against some of the environmental policies that were put in place under the former government.","Well, as we mentioned, Germany and Norway recently decided to pull their funding out of this Amazon Fund. What made them do that, specifically?","So this is largely an international response to concerns that deforestation is on the rise. And in particular, it's a response to the rhetoric that the administration of Jair Bolsonaro has been putting out. Bolsonaro has basically said to the people in the country that deforestation is OK, development at all costs is OK.  And a lot of scientists fear that that message is starting to take hold, that landowners in the hinterlands in the Amazon are starting to listen, and now they're burning their fields and they're taking advantage of this.","So do you think this latest move by Norway and Germany to freeze their funds could actually sway Bolsonaro?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Bolsonaro didn't literally say deforestation is okay, but his policies suggest he won't try to stop deforestation.","questions":"Which policies suggest Bolsonaro won't try to stop deforestation?","answer":"OK"}
{"text":["But David, wasn't that what the banks were supposed to be doing themselves, getting that money that they were given, to - and lending it out to homeowners, to small-business owners?","Yes, exactly. And essentially, they took that money, and a lot of the banks hoarded it. Some actually paid out bonuses to their executives; others paid out dividends to their shareholders. It really angered a lot of lawmakers. There was actually a report out by a congressional oversight committee that criticized the current Treasury for not tracking the money and not forcing banks to lend out this money or for helping homeowners. Geithner is basically responding to those criticisms and doing those very things.","So, what's his plan to make sure that the oversight is improved by the Treasury Department?","Well, one idea he's considering is to create a separate bureau within Treasury. It would be easier to track the performance of the rescue program if it was separated out from the rest of the Treasury. That's the belief. But in addition to that, they are really thinking about creating whole - entire new programs that would force banks to reveal what they are doing with rescue money as well as support some of the markets that finance credit cards, auto loans, you know, municipal bonds. These are new programs that haven't yet existed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Plan to make sure that the oversight is improved by the treasury Department","questions":"Which department is considering creating a separate bureau to track the performance of the rescue program?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["They do, but they won't help much in this case. There's a type of snail that eats them that unfortunately is also popular in the curio trade, but their numbers were never huge. There's some - actually some very small shrimp that will eat them, but, you know, there's only so much they can do.","When you have these outbreaks, the numbers of starfish are so much that it's beyond what any of their predators can do anything about.","And these are not your run-of-the-mill, see-them-on-the-beach five-legged starfish, are they?","No, no, I mean, they look like monsters. If you wanted to - you know, if you were to blow one of these things up really big, you could use it in a sci-fi movie."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : look like monsters implies they're very ugly and having a look similar to monster, not referring to looking  or gazing the same way monster do","questions":"What is the appearance of the starfish described as in the dialogue?","answer":"Monstrous"}
{"text":["Well, one of the big questions is going to be whether or not Donald Trump is able to turn out all of these new voters that he says he's going to be able to turn out. So if you look at the numbers on caucus night, if the numbers are about 150,000 or higher on the Republican side, people think that's a good day for Donald Trump. If there are 125,000 to 150,000, that's the number of people are saying could be good for Ted Cruz.","Democratic side, both Sen.  Sanders and Hillary Clinton seem to be getting good crowds.","For the Democrats, the thing to watch here is that Hillary Clinton has been in this state for two years organizing. They feel like they have their strong core base of support. They have Barack Obama's field operation there. Remember, he won this state in 2008. Bernie Sanders has a interesting complication because he's getting huge crowds. A lot of his supporters are young. They're college-age. The problem with them is that they're all concentrated in a few different places. He's winning more than a quarter of his vote right now in three counties. They're actually encouraging a lot of these kids to go back home so that they can filter out the vote in the rest of the state because the way delegates are picked, they need a little bit more of these kids to go back to other places. Otherwise, Hillary Clinton could wind up winning in rural counties and wind up beating Bernie Sanders, even though he might have a lot of vote concentrated in those cities.","All this concentration on Iowa - and I don't regret a moment on it. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They're actually encouraging a lot of these kids to go back home so that they can filter out the vote in the rest of the state because the way delegates are picked, they need a little bit more of these kids to go back to other places.\"  Implicated meaning: The campaign is strategically urging young supporters to return to their hometowns to vote, aiming to influence the outcome of delegate selection across the state.  Explanation: The literal meaning of the statement implies that the campaign is encouraging young supporters to leave the event and go back to their homes. However, the implicated meaning reveals a strategic motive behind this action, which is to distribute the youth vote across different areas to have a better chance at winning delegates.","questions":"How is the campaign aiming to influence the delegate selection across the state?","answer":"Distribute"}
{"text":["Thank you. How are you?","I'm pretty good. Thank you. You must be stuck like glue on this, but, you know, you've played in three World Cups, including one of the wins for the U. S.  team in 1999. How would you describe what it's like to be out there on that field in that final game?","It's exhilarating, to be honest with you. And it's really interesting for me to watch on TV because on the game days, I feel similar to how I used to feel when I played just because I really still feel a kinship and a connection to the current team, even though it's been many years since I played. But I feel we're all connected and inspired by each other.","Well, what are your thoughts on this current team?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The person must be watching every moment and every detail of the games.","questions":"What does the statement imply about the person's behavior?","answer":"Attached"}
{"text":["Was the jet stream actually screening out the cold air?Do I have that right?","Pretty much. The jet stream is typically the dividing line between the warm tropical air to the south and the cold, Arctic air to the north. And for the most part, it had retreated to close to the Canadian border for large parts of the winter.","Hmm. What about the \"Farmers' Almanac\"?I have to admit that I like picking it up and looking at it, and I sort of - I'm hesitant to even ask. Is there any science backing it up?","Well, I think the \"Farmers' Almanac,\" they do look at some of the same things that NOAA look at, that AccuWeather looks at, as well as the Capital Weather Gang, when developing their outlooks. At the same time, they're using some more suspect features like sun spots and planetary alignments and things like that, which have never been proven to have any real predictive skill in terms of forecasting the weather in the long range."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The jet stream separates warm tropical air and cold Arctic air.","questions":"How does the jet stream divide the air?","answer":"Cold"}
{"text":["That's true.","Exactly. So, what's happening, Murray?","Well, you know, I think, just like copper and grain, I mean, I think there are shortages that arise every once in a while in important human commodities. And this is kind of a replay, to me, of when I became a clown. In the late 1960s, a lot of the real great master clowns were getting old and dying off. And so the Ringling Brothers show started the College of Clowns, which lasted until, I think, 1997. And I was in the second class.","You think people maybe react differently to clowns."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A: Well, you know, I think, just like copper and grain, I mean, I think there are shortages that arise every once in a while in important human commodities. And this is kind of a replay, to me, of when I became a clown.  The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is drawing a comparison between shortages in important commodities, like copper and grain, and a shortage in \"human commodities,\" which the speaker then explains is a reference to the shortage of great master clowns in the late 1960s. However, the implied meaning could be that the speaker is making a commentary on the current state of the world, suggesting that there are shortages in important areas beyond just physical commodities, such as in human connection, joy, or creativity. The speaker may be using the example of the clown shortage to illustrate this broader point, and to suggest that this shortage represents a larger trend of a loss of something valuable in society.","questions":"What is the speaker comparing the shortage of great master clowns to?","answer":"Copper,grain"}
{"text":["(Reading) Never let them perceive that they can vex you or make you lose your self-command.","Too late.","Do you draw lesson from any of this, Mr.  Cordell?","Yeah, I mean, one of the most interesting things to me here is the way that there are these common threads. We find a lot of sentimental stories that were widely circulated, things that are supposed to evoke emotions - usually some sadness, even. And this reminds me of many of the videos that we see of soldiers coming home from war or, you know, children who have been granted, you know, a wish - sick children in particular. And to see these threads back into the 19th century, for me this removes the idea of virality just from the platform of the Internet. You know, we often talk about the Internet enabling virality, but it seems clear to me that there's something much deeper about the kinds of things that we share and why we share them that extends prior to the technology we're working with today."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be suggesting that there are some hidden or unknown factors that could influence the situation being discussed.","questions":"What is the speaker implying about the factors that influence the situation being discussed?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["So, I mean, I think it does definitely set a dangerous precedent, but I think if you're online, realistically, you have to assume that there's a great deal of data being accumulated about everything you do and you have to assume that your privacy always could be jeopardized. I think, you know, that's - from a common sense standpoint, you had to assume this would happen sooner or later.","Just quickly, what should you do if so?","That's a good question. I mean, I don't think there's an easy answer to that. Just be very aware that everything you're doing could be documented. I mean, there's ways you can do things from some other IP address other than your own. I mean, I think - people think of it as something that only matters as far as people stealing copyrighted work, but there's many other ratifications. I mean, people all around the world use things like Google and YouTube, and there have been cases of government entities seeking to use data to go after political dissidents for what they're doing online. . .","All right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is expected that your online privacy will be compromised.","questions":"Which precedent is being referred to in the dialogue?","answer":"danger"}
{"text":["That's for sure. And what we really think this overdose, if it would be moved forward with a company, would be packaged as a shot to have on - hands on, you know, with an ambulance or ER clinics for, you know, life or death situations.","Doesn't it raise some ethical concerns about having an antidote?","I don't think an antidote raises the ethical concerns. The ethical concerns would be more raised with what's known as the active vaccine, which basically requires multiple injections, and you have circulating antibodies for life in that potential individual.","So, you know, one could be potentially marked that you had that vaccine. The antidote vaccine we're developing now would be eliminated in the body within a matter of days."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Doesn't it raise some ethical concerns about having an antidote?\"  The literal meaning of the turn is that B is asking whether the development of an antidote raises ethical concerns. However, the implied meaning is that B is questioning the ethical implications of having an antidote that can quickly reverse the effects of an overdose. B is concerned that having an antidote might lead to people being less careful with their drug use and may increase the risk of overdoses.","questions":"How long would the antidote vaccine be eliminated from the body?","answer":"Days"}
{"text":["Hurricane Dorian, now a Category 4 storm, is stalled over the northern Bahamas. It's moving at just 1 mile an hour as it pulls away and begins a turn to the north toward the southeastern United States. Storm surges, estimated at 15 to 20 feet, are crashing onto Grand Bahama Island. Over the weekend, Dorian left thousands of people on Abaco Island to the east without roofs, transportation and communications. Lindsay Thompson is with the Bahamas National Emergency Management Agency. She did not have any immediate information on casualties.","Preliminary information indicates that there is extensive flooding. Of course, there will be infrastructural damage when you have that level of a storm - a hurricane - historic, as well - passing through an island, which is relatively flat, as well. There's a lot of sand dunes. And so there is a concern for us with excessive flooding.","What about injuries?","Well, we haven't had any reports of injuries. Not that there aren't any, but we just don't have any reports of injuries as yet, if there are any.","Well, how much were the islands able to prepare for Hurricane Dorian?I mean, to stock up on adequate supplies, to make sure people got to shelters safely. Do you think there was enough time in advance?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The storm caused significant damage and flooding, which was expected given the flat terrain of the islands.","questions":"Which terrain is a concern for excessive flooding due to Hurricane Dorian?","answer":"Sand"}
{"text":["Murray Horowitz. And I don't care how many operas you write, you're always going to be a clown.","You know, if, God forbid, I were elected president of the United States, the best thing on my resume will still be he was a clown in the Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Circus.","Murray, thanks very much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : You will never be taken seriously no matter how hard you try.","questions":"What's the reason for Murray's lack of success?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Oh, no. As a matter of fact, I was delighted that I had had the opportunity to contribute to it. I had the option to volunteer for the program. I opted not to because I was very much involved in research that needed to be done. So I was - I turned down the opportunity because I felt that what we were doing was valuable for the future of our space program. As a matter of fact, the small 5-foot diameter parachute that we used to stabilize my freefall is still being used today in every ejection seat in the world. So what we did some 50 year - 55 years ago is still being used today.","What do you think about space exploration now?It struck me watching this that it's lost its human component, in a way. We send these unmanned missions into deep space, but we haven't really pushed human boundaries, I think, for quite some time.","I personally think that we should go back to the moon as soon as we can because there's a lot of lessons we need to learn before we can go to Mars, which should be the next great human adventure.","May I ask you a question?As you were standing on the precipice, you said a prayer. What was that prayer?What were you praying for?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of \"precipice\" is a very steep cliff or slope, but in this context it is used metaphorically to refer to the moment before the takeoff, when the speaker was standing on the edge of a new and daring adventure.","questions":"Which word is used metaphorically to refer to the moment before takeoff in the dialogue?","answer":"Precipice"}
{"text":["(Singing) I've got a question When you open your eyes And you see the Sunrise Are you strengthened?","'Cause the tear in your eye Is like a sad song Or a sweet lullaby Like the birds in the sky","Is it alright?Where has the love gone?Hold on. So I left my worries in the sand","Let's talk through some of the songs on your album. You're working with Victor Redwood Sawyerr."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The tear in your eye is not a literal tear, but a metaphor for sadness or emotions","questions":"Which word in the dialogue is used as a metaphor for sadness or emotions?","answer":"tear"}
{"text":["And then it's like, it kind of makes it more of a treat.","(Singing) You took me from the shelter of a mother I had never known\u2026","I read that - about you having, as we all do, ups and downs in life. In 1977, I read that your mother died, which was a painful period for you.","Very.","But the very next year, you gave birth to a son."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Giving birth to a son could imply that the speaker was able to find hope and joy despite their pain.","questions":"Which event brought the speaker hope?","answer":"Son"}
{"text":["Help us understand how - what life has been like in Venezuela over the past few years that's brought the country to this point.","Venezuela's shockingly misgoverned. It's hard to wrap your head around a country that has lost half of its GDP in five years without a war. That's worse economic performance than Syria. It's the - only the first case of hyperinflation in Latin America in the 21st century. Inflation is running at over 1 million percent a year, and prices are doubling every three weeks or so. And so what we've seen is a mass exodus. People have just walked - in many cases, actually walked - tens, hundreds of kilometers to the border of Colombia and Brazil to find a better life in neighboring countries.","So it's a first humanitarian crisis in South America in the 21st century. And neighboring countries have never seen anything like it. Colombia had to send a fact-finding team to the Turkish-Syrian border to figure out how to deal with an influx of hundreds of thousands of desperate, hungry people.","Can your reporters operate freely?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : mass exodus meaning people leaving in large numbers to escape the situation they no longer wish to be a part of","questions":"Which term describes the situation in which people leave their home country in large numbers to escape the unfavorable conditions?","answer":"Exodus"}
{"text":["I don't think they picked Deming necessarily. You know, we just happen to be a big border patrol station as well as our neighboring county. They're dropping off here as well - the Hidalgo County drops here as well.","How are these people - the asylum-seekers being housed in an airport hangar - how are they handling things?","You'd be surprised. I think they're - you know, they're a little - you know, I guess they're a little worried when they first show up. But then, I think, it's actually better than most places they've been, and that's what they tell us. So they have more room and more freedom than most places they've been, so they're actually really happy.","And how is the community of Deming handling this influx of new people?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The reason for choosing Deming is not necessarily related to its location or qualities.","questions":"What was the reason for choosing Deming?","answer":"Selection"}
{"text":["What were some of the challenging parts of school?What did you find the hardest?","Reading, studying my lessons. You know, because I had to read more, you know, and because, you know, as you get older, your short-term memory sort of fails you once in a while. So to make sure that you got the material where you could reproduce it, you had to study a little harder and do a little more research.","So tell me what graduation day was like?","Oh, the best day of my life, I guess. Life doesn't get any better. Life doesn't get any better. With my family there, all my friends cheering me on, I felt like I was 16 years old. What a day. What a day. I was happy. Everybody was pleased. They gave me a good ovation. I really enjoyed it. I really did. I cannot explain to you in words my feelings."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Oh, the best day of my life, I guess.Life doesn't get any better.Life doesn't get any better.With my family there, all my friends cheering me on, I felt like I was 16 years old.What a day.What a day.I was happy.Everybody was pleased.They gave me a good ovation.I really enjoyed it.I really did.I cannot explain to you in words my feelings.","questions":"How did PersonA feel on graduation day?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Well, Mayor Belangia, good luck. I hope I see Oriental someday. It sounds like a lovely place.","Please do. You will fall in love with it.","And I'll bring a loaf of bread for you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is confident in the appeal of Oriental and believes that the listener will enjoy visiting the place.","questions":"Which place does the speaker believe the PersonB will enjoy visiting?","answer":"Oriental"}
{"text":["There also seemed to be some significant milestones this week about the ongoing debate over - is this Trump's party now?We saw a lot of well-known intellectuals sort of leave the party. Longtime Republican strategist Steve Schmidt said he quit the Republican Party. Conservative columnist George Will called for Republicans to lose their majorities. And the sad death of Charles Krauthammer also seemed to signal maybe an end of an era here.","I think it is. Charles was a friend and a colleague. And I think his loss isn't just to conservatism in particular, but it's to political discourse in general because Charles was an - a conservative intellectual, not a Republican partisan. There was nothing tribal about him. So that was a really big loss.","Do you think there's any impact for people like Steve Schmidt leaving the party?","You mean impact on him?Well, he's not going to get Republican clients anymore. But. . .","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : No actual stones marking miles, but events that mark changes in other events.","questions":"Which kind of milestones were referred to in the conversation?","answer":"Party"}
{"text":["Well, the government, it's been a little late and a little ad hoc, you know, beginning with the bailout of Bear Stearns. You know, the solutions were simply antiseptic, one-off types of solutions that ultimately led to bigger problems, and now, of course, in the last few weeks, the potential for one giant massive solution, but the ad hoc nature of it and the timeliness of the response has been a little lacking, in my opinion.","Well, now, we have this $850 billion rescue plan, $250 billion of that going directly into banks. That's something that you have called for in the last month. The government is responding. Still, in the markets, you don't see a sense of calm, and you write about that. America is afraid, you say.","Yes. America's afraid. Investors are afraid, and, you know, the delicate combination between Wall Street and Main Street has reinforced the fear of each.","From what I read, a fundamental source of the fear is this continuing uncertainty about what assets are worth. You have offered to help the government with that?You said you'd do it for nothing. Have you heard back from anybody at the Treasury?Have they called you up to say, gee, great, thanks, let's go to work?","Well, there have been discussions, Alex. We haven't had any final decision. We hope to hear, I suppose, within the next 24 to 48 hours, and so. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The government has not handled the financial crisis effectively.","questions":"How has the government responded to the financial crisis?","answer":"a"}
{"text":["The advice I'd give to others is, do your homework, and don't be afraid to do it. The one rule I gave myself was, it's OK if you fail. And coming from a type-A legal background, you don't make any mistakes. But in business, you have to be flexible. So, I allowed myself the freedom to make those mistakes and grow from them.","Have there been any moments when being an African-American entrepreneur has either hurt you or at least given some food for thought?","I'll take the food for thought. I'm a member of the International Spa Association. That's a pretty high-end spa group. And that market's OK, but other trade shows I would do, people would walk up and they'd say, oh, is this a black skin-care company?And I'm thinking, well, everybody has skin, irrespective of who you are - because they see me there. Even though the woman on the cover, model is - she's kind of every woman. She's actually Filipino and German, but people can't tell her background. But when they see my face there, they assume it's a company just for African-American skin, which is not the case.","When you think about that aspect of marketing, do you think that black companies that market directly to African-Americans, just very briefly, have an advantage or disadvantage over businesses like yours?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Assuming a product is only for African-American skin based on the founder's race is wrong and harmful.","questions":"What assumption do people make about the company based on the founder's race?","answer":"African-American"}
{"text":["What would happen in a civil contempt is that you would basically be trying to hold the attorney general - get a court order that he was in contempt. And the court would have a hearing. And Justice Department would intervene, and they would fight the contempt citation. And then the court would have a ruling. And that's how the process kind of operates theoretically. What normally happens is the court does not like to step into executive legislative disputes, and they will urge both sides to try to accommodate one another. I think it would only be if the court determined that the Justice Department was really in bad faith would they then hold the attorney general in contempt.","Let me ask you this. If this matter does land in court, if litigation is actively pursued, that could take months. It could take years even. And if the goal is to get information from Attorney General William Barr, how is this an effective strategy?Pursuing a contempt case could result in a huge delay, right?","I think the reality is is that the rules of subpoenas right now as we're discussing in many ways work in favor of the executive for the exact reason that you are hinting at in your question, which is they can run the clock. They can probably run the clock on the enforcement question for months, if not years. And they might be able to even run it up to the next election.","Right. So if the White House intends to stonewall, do you think it's even a wise strategy on the part of the Democrats right now to be talking about contempt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The court may not intervene in executive legislative disputes.","questions":"How does the court handle executive legislative disputes?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["Really, the link is, you know, if you strip away the neuroses, maybe. You know what I'm saying?I spend all day being other people - literally transforming. You know, for a book to function, it's not - I can tell the difference between realities. But it has to be a functioning reality. The character has to be real. And I imagine that's exactly what happens for a spy who was, you know, in deep cover.","I just think, yes, I wouldn't make it for a second if I had to do it in front of another person. So if you take the privacy of the room away, maybe that's the link. It's about inhabiting other realities in a convincing - beyond convincing. It has to be more than that. It has to be real for the person.","Nathan Englander, his book \"Dinner At The Center Of The Earth. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Oh, truly, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn 2, the speaker is implying that the privacy of the room is important for them to be able to inhabit other realities and make them believable.","questions":"Which book did the speaker in turn 2 mention?","answer":"Dinner"}
{"text":["And that's despite the fact that medics there say they need more supplies, they don't have what they need.","Well, again, we have a very long and porous border with eastern Congo. So knowing exactly where cases may come across is always a difficult thing to know. But we, the U. S.  government, as well as WHO and other partners, have been working very assiduously with the government of Uganda over the last 11 months while this outbreak has been going on in eastern Congo to help build their capacity. Supplies are always a challenge in terms of supply chain, moving things where they need to go. But we feel fairly comfortable that the ability to respond and respond quickly exists here in Uganda.","You mentioned this long and porous border. So the first case in Uganda was this 5-year-old boy who reportedly went to Congo, got the virus there then came back to Uganda with his grandmother, and they both passed. How are the borders being handled?Is security being stepped up?","Since the outbreak in DRC in August of last year, we have worked, along with other partners, with the government of Uganda, to establish screening along the border posts."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This implies that the lack of adequate medical supplies has been affecting the medics response to the virus.","questions":"Which country is mentioned in the statement as having medics in need of more supplies?","answer":"Response"}
{"text":["(Laughter).",". . . And who he, Mr.  Trump, says are helping to rig the election with biased media coverage in any case?","Yeah. Well, yeah. I guess that - I guess we are definitely - us corrupt journalists are definitely the ones who are in the danger zone here. But the real problem here is - let's presume - and all the polls are pointing in this direction - Hillary Clinton wins. You know, we could be having. . .","But - which we don't presume when we cover the news."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that B is pushing back against the idea that journalists presume Clinton will win and are biased in their coverage.","questions":"Which idea is PersonB pushing back against?","answer":"Presumption"}
{"text":["Is it in anyway because to a lot of people, the internet is a place?","It is. And when people sometimes say, I bought it on the internet, maybe they're thinking it's like, I bought in France.","(Laughter).","But it's not a place. It's a network of places. It's here. It's there. It's everywhere."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The internet is not a single, centralized location, but rather a decentralized network of interconnected devices that spans the globe. It exists everywhere and nowhere at the same time, making it difficult to define as a physical place.","questions":"Which term describes the internet's physical existence?","answer":"nowhere"}
{"text":["By now, you've probably heard this song over and over and over again - in commercials, on the radio, on TV shows. The tune, \"We Are Young,\" shot the band fun. into stardom. So this summer we're following fun. on their world tour, to see how long they can keep that fame going.","As bands get bigger, so does the size of their road crew. On this check-in, we spoke with Jackie Finney, who's the band's lighting director.","Basically, when a band hires a designer, they put together a look that - you know, when you go to see a live show, that's what you see. It can be anything from video to special effects - like, confetti - to the lighting fixtures. And we go into a warehouse, and we build the entire thing, and we set up the lighting console. And we program, cue-by-cue, every single step of every single song. So if you have, like, a really upbeat song - like, for example, their new single \"Some Nights. \"It's such a big hit when they play it. And I always start the lights sort of in the crowd, when that drum beat kicks in.","So for a song that's really upbeat and moving fast, I would do something like a white light, that's going to be bright and in people's faces. And then for a really slow ballad, there is more of like, ambers and magentas that are just like, kind of soft and just really beautiful."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"going to be bright and in people's faces\" - This is a figurative expression that means the light will be very intense and noticeable.","questions":"What does the expression \"going to be bright and in people's faces\" mean?","answer":"Intense"}
{"text":["You know, a lot of people who are successful at their jobs identify very strongly with their jobs, with their profession. They say, I am Joe Blow and. . .","Yes.","I work at X company and that's a big strong part of their identity. And so I imagine when those people lose their jobs, it's particularly devastating because a part of their identity is gone.","Right. I ask people to sort of, you know, draw out a pie chart like if you had a circle and you're going to divide the different parts of the circle into who you are. You're a brother, sister, son, father, mother, whatever, daughter, friend, you're a member of a community, you're somebody who can help other people. There's a tendency in our society to overidentify with the role of a job, but we're many, many, many other things. So redefining and sort of expanding your definition of who you are is a magnificent way of empowering yourself."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Joe Blow isn't a real person. It implies someone who is just a regular guy who has little power.","questions":"How does the dialogue define Joe Blow?","answer":"Regular."}
{"text":["The yield curve has inverted for a full quarter, and that has been associated with predicting a recession for the last seven recessions. So from 1960s, this indicator has been reliable in terms of foretelling a recession. And also, importantly, it has not given any false signals yet.","So that would mean yes (laughter).","That means yes.","OK. So let me break down - let me ask you to break down what that means. What is the yield curve, and what does it mean when it's inverted?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is confirming that the yield curve has inverted.","questions":"What has PersonA confirmed about the yield curve?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Well, certainly in some cases in expensive cities still need some help but much less help. On a minimum wage of $12 an hour, a couple - two full-time minimum wage workers - would earn $50,000 a year. That certainly doesn't make you affluent, it doesn't make you rich, but you can get by reasonably well on $50,000 a year.","And you don't think jobs will leave the state?","Some jobs, but probably a lot fewer than most people think. There have actually been a lot of recent studies in the last five or 10 years that have turned around the economic sentiment on this issue. In most cases, in nearly all cases, the jobs we're talking about for these workers are in the low-wage service sector. They're non-tradable. They're not subject to foreign competition. They can't be outsourced. Those jobs are exactly the sort of jobs where the employers would simply pass along the extra costs to the consumer. They'd raise prices and keep their workers at a much higher paycheck. Furthermore, the price rises we're talking about are very much smaller than most people would realize. Wal-Mart is America's largest low-wage employer. Three hundred thousand Wal-Mart workers average about $9 an hour. All Wal-Mart would have to do to cover a $12 minimum wage is raise their prices by 1. 1 percent one time. The average Wal-Mart shopper would pay only an extra $12. 50 per year. People wouldn't even notice the price hike.","Well, if the goal is to lift low-wage workers above the poverty level, is $12 an hour really enough?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Will the employers have to bear the cost of the minimum wage increase?","questions":"How would Wal-Mart cover a $12 minimum wage increase?","answer":"Prices"}
{"text":[". . . the French press is hard to nail because there's. . .","Yeah.",". . . so many variables that are outside of your control.","Right. Right. And it's our Video Pick of the Week up there on our website, and it's beautiful animation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The French coffee machine that presses beans is hard to understand.","questions":"What is the coffee machine called?","answer":"shopping"}
{"text":["OK.","OK.  Palace Council?","Well, the term palace council in the title is left as a semi-mystery to the reader, but I'll give a bit of a clue. It's a clue to the structure of the conspiracy that Eddie and Aurelia spend the book trying to tease out. The conspiracy that I mentioned influenced the highest levels of American government. I kind of like the name, because the idea of a palace council is the advisors behind the throne, rather than the people exercising authority. And that's, of course, how the powerful families in this book see themselves.","Agony?","The term Agony in the novel is the name of a radical, left-underground group in the 1960s that blows things up. I made up the name, but not the idea. Eddie's sister, Junie (ph), disappears early in the novel, then turns up later on as a member of this radical, underground group, and Eddie spends most of the novel really trying to search for his sister. For him the conspiracy isn't central, for him his sister is central. Aurelia, my other protagonist, is trying to track down the conspiracy. Eddie runs into the conspiracy while trying to track down his sister."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Eddie's search for his sister is more important than the conspiracy","questions":"What is Eddie's main priority in the novel?","answer":"sister"}
{"text":["Well, some of their problems - they're doing very badly in the polls - is due to the personality of the Democratic Party leader, Matteo Renzi. He has a very sharp Tuscan wit, which, to non-Tuscans, makes him sound like an obnoxious smart aleck. And he's deeply disliked within his own party. Several members of the leftist old guard accused Renzi of being too centrist. They broke away, and that strongly weakened the party.","Under the party leadership, Italy's economy came out of a very devastating recession. And it has grown in the last five years, not as fast as its European partners. But it's done much better. And the party also passed a landmark civil rights legislation with a civil unions law for same-sex couples, despite the strong influence of the Catholic Church in politics. But, you know, the party's push for structural reforms was strongly resisted by both the right and the left. Italians are essentially conservative. They don't like change. But the populists are really pushing a vision of the past. And they're strongly skeptical of the European Union. And if they came to power, that could further destabilize the EU at a time when the bloc is already dealing with Britain's exit and growing authoritarianism in member states like Poland and Hungary.","Sylvia, thanks very much.","Thank you, Renee."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Matteo Renzi's sharp wit is perceived as obnoxious by non-Tuscans","questions":"How is Matteo Renzi's personality perceived by non-Tuscans?","answer":"Obnoxious"}
{"text":["Well, you know, we've done a bunch of these kinds of stories that run in the body issue. And we've done everything from the importance of the glute to the strange secret ritual of the team shower. And we thought, gosh, we've kind of gone there with every other story. The last thing to explore was pee breaks.","I want to talk about the Tour de France in particular. These guys are on their bikes for hours and hours and hours. But it's the Tour leader wearing a yellow jersey, I might add, who gets to signal - is this right?- when it's time for the riders to pull over for a bit of relief?","It turns out, yeah. One of the greatest honors, according to the riders, of getting the yellow jersey is that you get to control when everybody else who's racing stops for a little bit of a pee break.","Which is extraordinary."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Getting the yellow jersey in the Tour de France is a great honor because it allows the wearer to control when the other riders stop for a bathroom break. Implicated meaning: The yellow jersey is a symbol of leadership in the Tour de France, and controlling when bathroom breaks happen is seen as a demonstration of power and control over the other riders.","questions":"What honor do Tour de France riders receive when they wear the yellow jersey?","answer":"Control"}
{"text":["No. He said that he doesn't knock out his defense of assistance. That's kind of a Buddy did.","Bill Rhoden, thank you very much.","Hey, Tony, it's always a pleasure.","That was New York Times sports columnist William C.  Rhoden. Bill's books include \"Third in the Mile: The Trials and Triumphs of the Black Quarterback. \"He joined us, as always, from our studios in New York."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He said he doesn't demean his defense of assistance. That's something another person would do.","questions":"How did the person mentioned in turn 0 behave towards his defense of assistance?","answer":"Respect"}
{"text":["And, you know, in 2015, the Supreme Court ruled the Affordable Care Act is constitutional by calling the penalty for not having insurance a tax. And Congress has the power to tax people. So these attorneys general come in, and they argued that since Congress eliminated that tax penalty, the law can no longer stand. And that's what the judge agreed to last night. And he took that argument, and he struck down the entire law.","Now, it's going to be appealed.","Yeah.","The attorney general of California's already said so."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The judge rejected the law so hard that it's being compared to striking something down.","questions":"How did the judge reject the law?","answer":"Struck"}
{"text":["What did you really face when it came to dealing with your colleagues?","The majority of the Secret Service agents were very acceptable of me coming in to the White House detail. There were only a few who were dead-set against any integration policies or equal-opportunity policies that were being enforced by President Kennedy, giving equal opportunity to all people, regardless of race, religion, color or ethnic background.","And I think that President Kennedy was serious, and he was doing these things not for a political purpose, but because he felt it in his heart that America could be a much better place if we didn't have all of these divisions and restrictions on people of ethnic backgrounds and minorities.","So now I foresaw that the weaknesses in the protection on President Kennedy would allow his assassination if any serious attempt would be made against his life, and I did everything in my power to stem that threat against our young president.","What threats did you hear against the president's life and when?","We had many threats. It was just like a thunderstorm of threats during the early part of 1963, going in to November. As a matter of fact, in Miami, Florida, we were told at a record meeting here in Chicago that a tape-recording had been made of some Cubans who were discussing how they were going to assassinate the president."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I did everything in my power to stem that threat against our young president\" - The actual meaning of this turn is not the literal meaning of \"stemming a threat\", which would involve stopping or slowing down the source of the threat like a river or tide. Here, it means that the speaker took actions to prevent harm to President Kennedy.","questions":"Which word describes the action taken by PersonA to prevent harm to President Kennedy?","answer":"Prevent"}
{"text":["So when we are forced to cut, we have to decide which is the best way to do it. We can do a shallow cut, like 10 percent 20 percent of the full ration. Or we can do a deep cut if we think the contributions will not be coming in anytime soon. The difficulty with doing a deep cut is that over the longer period, of course, people will become malnourished. Their immune systems will be suppressed. And if the cuts continue, or they're getting absolutely no food from WFP, inevitably, over time, they will fall sick. And, ultimately, many people will perish.","So - I mean, forgive me. It's one thing to make appealing ads that people are in danger of starving to death. What you're saying now is, because there's a crunch for aid, people are in danger of dying slowly.","That's what, in the end, will happen to the most vulnerable. It's the women and the children who will go first. The difficulty about the situation confronting us in 2018, however, is that it comes on the heels of 2017, when the world really pulled itself together, and our donors and donors for other organizations stepped up and provided a lot of funding because we were facing what was said to be the greatest humanitarian needs. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker is describing the vulnerability of women and children in a humanitarian crisis, the implied meaning is that despite the significant amount of funding provided in 2017, the situation has worsened in 2018 and there is still a critical need for aid.","questions":"What is the speaker highlighting in turn 3?","answer":"Vulnerability"}
{"text":["It's very important to me. But also I had to try and understand how somebody so remarkable would think of herself and how would people see her. And what I realized, as a result of my research, was that there was this entire tradition of women warriors in France at that time - quite celebrated - and they had fought. They had worn men's clothes and they were celebrated, like Joan of Arc had been many years before, and perhaps that was the tradition that she fitted into.","It did occur to me reading the novel - and you want to be careful with this sort of thing - but if Julie a'Aubigny had been alive now, someone would've said, well, there's a support group you ought to join.","(Laughter) Oh, look, I think if she arrived now, we would still be amazed. She would still be larger than life. She's like an Olympic gold medalist combined with Lady Gaga. She's that remarkable. And she would probably still be a star today. There's not really anybody like her now.","And like a lot of great stars we could mention, she didn't last a long a course, did she?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Her life was a representation of the celebrated tradition of women warriors in France at that time.","questions":"Which country had a tradition of women warriors?","answer":"France"}
{"text":["In The New Yorker piece, you were quoted as saying, he's like a velociraptor. He has to be boss. And if you don't show him deference, he kills you.","It's true. It was an impression that I had. And I - that just of somebody who was very aware of his own power and very conscious of any potential threat.","You've been a diplomat for decades, and you've worked through both Republican and Democratic administrations. How is foreign policy, briefly, normally conducted in those administrations?How does the United States normally find consensus for how it deals with other countries?","Yeah, that's a really great question. And, you know, part of that is why you have so many senior people like me leaving the Department of State. This is not about a foreign service or a career diplomatic corps that feels that it must have the final say on all things. The State Department and the career foreign service are enormously patriotic. We are apolitical. We serve the president. We sign an oath that says that we will serve unconditionally the president and implement his or, in some future, her foreign policy. But we are involved. And our involvement is our value added. We live and work overseas. We speak languages. We tend to develop years of expertise if not in regions, then on specific thematic issues."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being like a velociraptor means that the person is dangerous and threatening.","questions":"Which animal was compared to a person in the dialogue?","answer":"Velociraptor"}
{"text":["Yeah. After the West Africa outbreak, there was this sense that, you know, we're in much better shape. We know more about it. We've got new treatment options. We've got a vaccine that's out there.","But in this one, it really has been this perfect storm. The area that this occurred in is incredibly poor, that had poor health care infrastructure beforehand. It's incredibly volatile; there's these militias that have basically been running that part of the Democratic Republic of Congo for decades. They're vying for control of minerals. And, you know, they have really undermined any governmental institutions that would be there.","And then all these health care workers show up to try to contain the Ebola treatment unit - that Ebola, you know, outbreak, and some of them were attacked, even killed. The World Health Organization yesterday was saying they've documented 198 attacks on Ebola clinics and workers over the last year. So obviously, that's an incredibly high number for attacks on a health response, you know, even in a declared war zone.","Well, I mean, yeah, it is a war zone, but why attack - specifically attack clinics that you know are treating a disease?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a sense means that there is an understanding","questions":"Which word describes the area where the Ebola outbreak occurred?","answer":"poor"}
{"text":["And as for the question of who you scrutinize, it's fascinating. There's now an enormous case going on in Minneapolis I'll bet you've never heard of of a fella named Tom Petters.","I have not heard of him.","See. He's been convicted of a variety of things that seem to have scammed billions of dollars from hedge funds and many people in the twin cities who trusted him, and much of the Madoff thing is kinship because of what - you know, Madoff is Jewish, and a lot of Jews were in there. But this fellow was some sort of evangelical Christian - or is, I guess, and he got a lot of evangelical Christians.","It's - it is happening - I've been around 40 years, and I've seen it over and over again that people frequently scam their own communities because that's where they're trusted, and people don't do their homework on people they trust."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : that people don\u2019t do their homework means that they don\u2019t research information.","questions":"How would you describe the reason behind people being scammed by their own communities?","answer":"Trust"}
{"text":["Do you think the royal family can really survive in a time when we have other kinds of celebrities that cost the taxpayer nothing?I mean, clearly, a lot of hopes are being placed on not only Meghan Markle and Prince Harry but the other younger royals like Prince William.","I very, very sincerely believe that Britain couldn't do without them. There's such a deep attachment. They're sort of the very, like, emblem of history, of continuity. Unlike America, there's been almost a kind of - a certain kind of disregard for history. Britain has always fallen back on the past. It's always needed the past. So they're - I think that they will find a way for the royal family to continue to carry on that symbolism, at least.","I must ask you - are you attending the wedding?","I'm not."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The royal family represents the past and continuity in Britain, and is essential for the country's sense of identity. Score: 5","questions":"How does the royal family contribute to Britain's sense of identity?","answer":"Symbolism"}
{"text":["Why they're talking about it is because they feel they have to talk about it. The government of Bangladesh wants the bulk of these people to return. They also would be feeling some domestic pressures in this area, as well. And the government of Burma, I think, is feeling some of the pressure from the international community and feels some need to be responsive. But the real story here is this is horrifying, this discussion, to be taking place right now, given the complete absence of measures in place to ensure safety and security upon return.","As I understand it, the Rohingya, according to this agreement, will be moved from the camps in Bangladesh to a camp in Myanmar where there could be security concerns.","Oh yeah, there are no safeguards in place. There - been no serious discussion of safeguards for return. You have to realize that we're talking about one of the greatest crimes in recent memory - massive abuses, forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of people in a matter of weeks.","There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N.  official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Myanmar government is preventing international monitors from overseeing the situation, indicating they have something to hide.","questions":"What is the reason for the Myanmar government barring the top U.N. official responsible for human rights from the country?","answer":"hide"}
{"text":["Before that, he'd been seen frequently, but always waddling with a really bad limp. He was clearly in discomfort, and finally the North Korean authorities said he is in physical discomfort. So there's something up. We don't quite know what. The speculation is he's had surgery, he's ill, ranging right through to there's been a coup, and he's lost power or certainly being shunted away from power. That's the speculation.","Now, we're talking about somebody who - as my recollection is - he's on television every two minutes. So this must be a tremendous vacuum in the lives of North Koreans.","That's right. The print media in North Korea is still putting all these statements thanking the supreme leader in that sort of glorious way they do, praising him for, for example, the pretty good performance of the athletes in the Asian games a week ago. So all that stuff is still coming out. There's no devaluation of him by the state media. But he's not there. Now, having said that, his father disappeared from sight at odd times as well. And sometimes that was seen as being a mark of his strength in that he felt that he was so strong that he didn't need to do all this stuff.","Is this a matter for particular distress because, after all, we are talking about a nation that's either a quasi-nuclear power or might be a nuclear power?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : None of the words or phrases in this turn have a figurative meaning. It is a straightforward statement about the print media in North Korea continuing to praise the leader, despite his absence, and how his father had also disappeared from public view at times.","questions":"What is the North Korean print media's attitude towards the supreme leader's absence?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["Yes, that's right. The president showed up a little late this morning and left the summit before it was over. And before leaving, he made a statement to reporters that sounded a lot like one of his rallies in America's heartland. He said America is the piggy bank that everybody is robbing and vowed that that was going to end.","And if that message were not enough to rile the other leaders, he also said that he thought the G-7 ought to re-admit Vladimir Putin's Russia, saying he thought it would be, quote, \"a real asset. \"","Well, Ron, remind us why Russia was kicked out, or, I guess, technically suspended, anyway. It wasn't just for soiling the carpet.","Russia was suspended in 2014 over its annexation of Crimea, which was one of a series of Russian aggressions against its neighbor Ukraine. That was a clear violation of international law. So the other seven countries gave Russia the boot and imposed a number of other sanctions. Then, early last year, Russia said it wasn't even interested in being in the G-8 anymore anyway."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president's statements caused tension among other leaders","questions":"What was the reason for Russia's suspension from the G-8?","answer":"Crimea"}
{"text":["The government sets the interest rates and so the banks can make a lot money. And if you're a Chinese person, you can't really get much of your capital out of the country. So where else are you going to put it?","One of the problems with the banks is that they tend to invest in state-owned enterprises. It's kind of part of their job, and it's less risky. But most of the jobs in China are really produced by private enterprise, as they are here in the United States. And it's much harder for them to get capital. So people are, in many ways, feelings that the economy is out of whack in a number ways and that there need to be some serious changes. The government knows this, but there are now very strong vested interests in state-owned enterprises and the banks. And so getting that done is not going to be easy politically.","And even some of those big industries who are in the, I guess, the equivalent of a China's Pittsburgh, the Steel City, and a couple of vast enterprises there, well, they've gone under.","The over-capacity in the steel is extraordinary, and the debt now is over $400 billion. It's actually owned by steel companies largely to Chinese banks. And it's going to take years to work through that over-capacity."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Chinese people face restrictions on moving their capital out of the country","questions":"What kind of enterprises are responsible for producing most of the jobs in China, according to PersonA in turn 1?","answer":"private"}
{"text":["I don't think I can get away with that.","Usually, that's the NPR pipeline, isn't it?","Right, exactly. Yeah. You've played a couple games now. How'd they go?","They went well. We played the best team in Poland, actually, in our first game and lost pretty badly. But I played OK. In the second game, we won, which was great. This team was just promoted - the team that I play on - to the first division."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Asking how the other person is doing with their team in terms of wins and losses.","questions":"Which division was the team promoted to?","answer":"First"}
{"text":["Thanks so much for having me.","OK. So the economy's no doing so well. Is this the opportune time to launch a major cable channel?","Well, it probably isn't. But all things being equal, I think that Major League Baseball has been lucky enough to garner a very good deal for them in the sense that they're negotiating with a number of carriers. As mentioned, it's the largest cable launch in history.","And so, even with advertising difficulties, they'll have a very strong revenue stream out of subscriber fees. And so, it's probably good for baseball. And they're hoping, I'm sure, to ride this out and have a long-term goal of making it a very profitable and successful launch.","Well, baseball certainly has a lot of games during the season. So what kind of programming will we see?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Baseball is hoping to ride out the advertising difficulties and make the largest cable launch in history profitable and successful in the long term, despite initial challenges.","questions":"How is baseball hoping to make the cable launch profitable in the long term?","answer":"Fees"}
{"text":["I mean, it's tempting, and certainly we do it in the news business, to look at a figure like $9 billion and say, you know, figure out what that cost per arrest and everything. But I wonder, isn't it in a sense worth, I don't know, a billion dollars a year to the American people to have that deterrent aboard?Because as people in the program have pointed out, if something happens, there's no one else to call upon for help in an airliner.","Well, you could justify almost anything on that basis. But I will tell you that on any cost-benefit analysis, this program does not hold muster. I can tell you also that while a billion dollars might not seem like much money in the whole federal government. . .","Oh, no, it's a lot of money. Don't get me wrong. . .","It's a lot. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Turn (1) has a non-literal meaning. The speaker is suggesting that the cost of the program may be justified by its deterrent effect, even though it may not be cost-effective in terms of the number of arrests made.","questions":"What is the speaker suggesting about the justification of the cost of the program in turn 0?","answer":"Deterrent"}
{"text":["Let's talk about this article, written by Emory's president, James Wagner. It appeared in the Emory University alumni magazine. It hit the presses. You read it. What was your reaction?","My first response was that it was a misreading of the three-fifths compromise and of what a successful compromise could be. In addition to the sort of strict historical interpretation of that compromise, the way that popular culture, and particularly African-Americans- see that compromise is that it is a way of counting African-Americans as three-fifths of a person, three-fifths of a human being. So, I knew that even if the historical interpretation of popular culture was wrong, it would strike a very bad chord among African-Americans and among others. I mean, I want to emphasize that this is something that is not an idea that's simply bound by race. But I knew that in terms of African-Americans, it would be particularly striking that he use that as an example of compromise.","Describe the reaction you saw once the article hit.","Well, for about two weeks, there was nothing, and then, I think, the Salon. com piece sent things out over the Internet. And Saturday, when that piece appeared, I had five emails. And people, friends - both historians at other institutions, folks at Emory - were very disturbed by this article."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is asking the listener for their opinion about the article, and how it was received by the public.+++","questions":"How did the speaker ask the PersonB about the article and its reception?","answer":"Misreading"}
{"text":["Everybody else in the theater did. I didn't.","Oh, yeah, right.","Every single person cried except for me.","Oh, yeah, because they were only slicing onions for you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A did not cry while everyone else did at the theater.","questions":"How did PersonA feel at the theater?","answer":"Unmoved"}
{"text":["Depending on how they go about it, how big of a deal could this announcement by Zara be, and what kind of an impact could it have?","Well, I think the really interesting thing about Zara's statement is they've made a public statement to back their intention, and they will be held accountable for whether they achieve that target or not over time. So the fact that they made this very public target I think is really positive. And I think hopefully what that will do is also encourage other brands and retailers to be bold and to make these statements as well.","What individual responsibility do consumers have here?","Personally, I think every consumer has some responsibility for their actions. The consumers are buying products, they are making decisions about where they're buying those products from, how long they keep those products for and what they do with those products at end of life. So I think there is definitely some responsibility that the consumers have in all of this. But I also recognize as - there is this deep-seated sort of psychological driver within our human psyche to engage in fashion."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : how big of a deal means how much of a problem would this be","questions":"What kind of target did Zara make in their public statement?","answer":"Uncertain"}
{"text":["He says it's incumbent on the press and on the media not to make it easy for celebrities to have these terribly serious transgressions alleged and be able to skate by on their charm, on their fame, on their accomplishments outside the arena of these allegations. He said, you know, it is precisely the inconvenient moment where you have all these stars - and Woody Allen is in South of France because of the debut of his new film.","And you have stars like Blake Lively, Jesse Eisenberg and others who are there, Steve Carell. And he says we should be hearing them asked what it's like to work with an alleged child molester - and by the way, those are his words, not mine - rather than asked, you know, what costumes were you wearing?How did you like your outfits?What was it like to work with this great director?","That's his argument. He says it's uncomfortable but these questions need to be asked, otherwise powerful people can get away with terrible things.","How do you feel about that?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He says it's incumbent on the press and on the media not to make it easy for celebrities to have these terribly serious transgressions alleged and be able to skate by on their charm, on their fame, on their accomplishments outside the arena of these allegations.\"  Implicated meaning: The speaker is emphasizing the responsibility of the press and media to hold celebrities accountable for their serious wrongdoings, rather than allowing them to escape scrutiny based on their charisma, reputation, or achievements unrelated to the allegations.","questions":"How should the press and media treat celebrities who are alleged to have committed serious transgressions?","answer":"Accountably"}
{"text":["That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid. As a kid, he was - he hung around all the time with African-American kids. Those were his playmates, even in Hyannis. He was - he, you know, Father Feeney - when Father Feeney said no salvation outside the Catholic Church, he railed against that, which was so extraordinary in that very Catholic family.","You know, Ralph Bunche - he insisted that that great African-American statesman get to speak to a integrated audience at UVA when he was in charge of the lecture series down there. There's all kinds of evidence of Bobby in the beginning being a liberal in the best sense of that word. And I think it just came more to life after Jack was gone and after the old man was out of action.","Will American voters these days - and donors and journalists, for that matter - let a public figure change in public the way Robert Kennedy did?","Well, I think the hardest thing for him - and to me, the sweetest part of the book - was his evolution on Joe McCarthy. There's no doubt that he loved the guy. It came through right to the end when he was driving in the car at National Airport. And Kathleen, his young daughter, said he was so stricken by the news that McCarthy had just drank himself to death at Bethesda Naval Hospital that he drove around the airport three times. He was just distraught."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: How did Robert Kennedy come to terms with the death of Joe McCarthy?","questions":"How was Robert Kennedy affected by the news of McCarthy's death?","answer":"emotionally"}
{"text":["It's definitely been a massive industry for Georgia in the last 10 years because about a decade ago is when they instituted these new, very generous, lucrative tax incentives which gives productions up to 30% back depending on how much they spend and whether they're willing to put a Georgia peach logo in their credits and that sort of thing. But it's really significant money back for these major studios in Hollywood.","And what has it gotten back?","There was a record 455 films and television productions that were shot in Georgia in the last fiscal year. And they represented a $2. 7, you know, billion in direct spending, which they estimate brings in $9. 5 billion in total economic impact. So these numbers are really huge. And they have been a huge destination for feature films, and not just any sort of feature films, expensive blockbusters, the biggest of those being Marvel's \"Avengers\" movies, which shot at Pinewood Studios in Atlanta, which is a big production facility.","As we mentioned, studios and media companies have sent some warning signals. How likely, though, is an actual boycott?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The tax incentives have made Georgia a popular location for filming.","questions":"What benefit has Georgia gained from the tax incentives?","answer":"Money"}
{"text":["Hi - so glad to have you with us. And let me start here. Just to recap this war of words, Iran says the U. S.  is lying about where the drone was shot down. The U. S.  says Iran is lying. How are we likely to know?How will this be resolved beyond a take one person's word over the other situation?How do they figure that out?","Well, first, there is, obviously, the release of the actual location data for where the BAMS or Broad Area Maritime Surveillance aircraft was flying. That - hopefully, it will be released shortly by Central Command. But part of it, too, Mary Louise, is the fact that there's absolutely no reason for this aircraft to have to fly over Iran to gather the data that the U. S.  military was interested in gathering.","You're saying there's circumstantial evidence that just - why would it have been there?- which tends to support the U. S.  position.","Well, right. And no U. S.  commander - speaking from experience - would put the aircraft in that kind of a situation. And for your audience, that reason is that, unlike aircraft - surveillance aircraft in the past, the kind of sensor systems that are onboard this drone are such that they can see dozens and dozens and dozens of miles away from the aircraft. So, you know, it's flying up above 50,000 feet over the Strait of Hormuz. It can monitor the entire strait plus see inside Iran without having to fly over it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The BAMS drone was not in Iranian airspace.","questions":"How does the U.S. position tend to be supported?","answer":"Circumstantial"}
{"text":["From NPR News, I'm Farai Chideya. For Wednesday, February 13th, this is News and Notes.","From NPR News, This s News and Notes. I'm Farai Chideya. The White House race only gets hotter, especially if you're John McCain. Yesterday the Arizona Senator picked up the Potomac primary wins in Washington, D. C.  and Maryland. He also took Virginia, where Mike Huckabee put up a good fight. The victories are edging McCain closer to the GOP candidate seat, and as for the Democrats, yesterday was all Barack Obama. He swept the Potomac Primaries and stacked up key delegate points. Joining me now to sort through the numbers is Ron Elving. He's NPR's senior Washington editor. Hi, Ron.","Hello, Farai.","So how many delegates did McCain pick up?","McCain picked up a little over a hundred, possibly as many as 113, depending on how they sort out Maryland. But he got everything in Virginia, all 30 delegates, despite the fact he only won by nine percentage points. That's the way the Republican rules work. You can win certain winner take all states, no matter what your plurality or majority may be, you get all the delegates. So he did that in Virginia and the District of Columbia and he'll get virtually all of the delegates in Maryland. So he picked up somewhere between 100 and 113 delegates. It puts him pretty much out of sight. He's got more than three times as many as Mike Huckabee."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : John McCain is doing well in the Republican primaries.","questions":"How many delegates did McCain pick up?","answer":"100"}
{"text":["In the end, has the IMF been a force for good?What has it done that might otherwise not have been done?","You know, I think the comparison is with what happened in the '20s and '30s - that was a world in which we did not have a international lender of last resort. And it was a world in which countries went bankrupt. There was a massive retreat from globalization, countries lost confidence in the way the international financial system worked. And I think the proof of how valuable the IMF has been is the onward march of globalization.","But you're aware of the fact that when the IMF meets, there are going to be protesters outside who are saying that globalization is the problem.","Yeah and I think they're mistaken. They are objecting to some of the cultural consequences of globalization. But I don't think anyone can object to an institution that's committed to preventing people from going under."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  A: \"lender of last resort\" refers to a central bank or other institution that provides emergency funding to financial institutions or other entities in the event of a crisis. In this context, the IMF has been serving as a lender of last resort to countries facing financial difficulties, even if it is not a traditional central bank.","questions":"Which term refers to an institution that provides emergency funding to financial entities in times of crisis?","answer":"Resort"}
{"text":["And they would need 60 votes to do that bill, which means they would need at least eight Democrats and probably more to come on board to essentially re-pass some form of health care legislation to offer insurance to people on the individual market. I think realistic people in this debate on both sides of the equation say that is the most unrealistic option at this stage.","Do you hear any concern from Republican leaders or individual Republican legislators about the public opinion polls that suggest that the Republican health care proposals are extravagantly unpopular, less than 20 percent?","They are fully aware of how unpopular this legislation is. But I will tell you, Scott, every single conversation I have had with a Republican lawmaker on Capitol Hill is they say not doing anything on health care - letting this bill fail - is the worst possible political outcome because it is the singular thing that they have all campaigned on. It is the reason why they believe they have congressional majorities in the White House. And to fail on that would completely deflate the Republican base and structurally weaken the party going into the midterm elections.","But Mitch McConnell at the same time can't pull some Democrats over with a plan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Is there any worry among Republican leaders and legislators about the low approval ratings of the Republican health care proposals?","questions":"Which party would suffer the worst political outcome if the health care bill fails?","answer":"Republicans"}
{"text":["Andrew Biewener said this as we were walking through the lab. It's where they first jump kangaroos and. . .","Of course.","Kangaroos on a treadmill.","To figure out how the tendons work. I mean, it really is neat stuff that I don't think \u2013 I don't think this - a lab like this exists maybe anywhere else."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In this context, the implied meaning of \"Of course\" is that Andrew Biewener's statement was not surprising or unexpected; instead, it was a natural conclusion from the context.","questions":"What was PersonB's response to PersonA's statement about Andrew Biewener?","answer":"Of-course"}
{"text":["Oh, it was wonderful. My father used to play the accordion and my brothers used to sing as well. So growing up with them, I learned a lot. It was not difficult for me to become a musician. I just have to create my own identity - that was the hard part.","(Singing in foreign language)","Some people call your sound Congo Rumba. What does that phrase mean to you and what kind of flavors do you try to put into your music?","Rumba is an old form of music that requires two people to come together and dance. It originated way back in our traditional music. Of course, the name sounds familiar because of Kuba. We know Kuba is a very strong African tradition so they played that kind of music as well. So, when it came back to us in Africa, especially in Congo, it was welcomed back home. So, it's a very old type of music, and it's about love. It's about (unintelligible). So, I like to sing for lovers. I like to sing for peace. I like to sing for people who can dance to people.","(Singing in foreign language)","You're donating percentage of the sales from the CD to the Dikembe Mutombo Foundation, and we spoke with Dikembe last year on the show. He's \u2014 just remind folks from the Democratic Republic of Congo a place for the NBA. How did you connect with his foundation?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"You're donating percentage of the sales from the CD to the Dikembe Mutombo Foundation...How did you connect with his foundation?\" (Literal meaning: The speaker is asking how the interviewee made a connection with the Dikembe Mutombo Foundation.)","questions":"Which foundation did the interviewee connect with?","answer":"Dikembe"}
{"text":["It's nice to be here, Neal. How are you?","I'm good. Thanks. That first phone call - well, just sort of out of curiosity, I assume.","The first call that I made to Alan?Yeah, it was a funny feeling of both, obviously, curiosity and a strange sensation of being crowded in my own skin by another guy who had my same name.","And he turned out to be - well, debonair might be the word."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The first call was an overwhelming experience of connecting with someone who shared the same name as me, feeling both curious and a little intimidated.","questions":"How did the speaker feel when making the first call to Alan?","answer":"Curiosity"}
{"text":["Thanks so much for having me on.","Can you tell me a little bit about Nebraska's land and what it means to its residents, the farmers?","Yeah. So Nebraska is in many ways a typical Great Plains state. Because the Missouri River cuts through along the eastern edge of the state, that's where all of the population originally settled. And so you have major industrial centers in south Sioux City and in Omaha. And then you have the capital educational center of Lincoln. But when you travel west of Lincoln, there's almost no one there. The small farming communities have gotten smaller and smaller in the last 50 years. And you can drive for hours essentially seeing only flatlands that are planted to corn and to soybeans and occasionally dotted with hog barns and feedlots for cattle.","Speaking to that disappearing landscape, I'd like you to read a page from your book, page 69.","(Reading) To understand, first remember - Nebraska is a place. It sits square as an anvil in the center of our maps. And yet somehow, everyone manages to forget it exists. Maybe that's because Nebraska is also a land of ghosts, of small towns dwindling to the point where in another generation they might simply cease to exist.","Why are they disappearing?Where are they going?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Nebraska is often overlooked or disregarded by people, despite its significance and potential.","questions":"What is the significance of Nebraska?","answer":"Significance"}
{"text":["Who works her curves fabulously.","She does.","Who actually has designed a big girl bra for Ashley Stewart, she got divorced from Lyzel who, of the song \"Lyzel in E Flat\", which is one of my favorites. But she's announced she's getting hitched again. Who's the lucky man?","A drummer in her band, like called Little John, but is not Little John. That Little John is. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The person being referred to has accomplished many things and is currently engaged.","questions":"How is the person being referred to described?","answer":"Fabulous"}
{"text":["If someone's going to walk into a synagogue, as they did in Tree of Life, and murder Jews at prayer, there's a good chance, you know, given gun violence in this country and who it's coming from in this particular moment, that that person's going to be a white supremacist. But that doesn't mean that I shouldn't worry about, for example, at the University of Virginia, Jewish students being prevented from joining a minority student coalition to fight white supremacy because they were smeared themselves as white supremacists for supporting the state of Israel. I'm worried about that, too.","Are you conflating people who are opposed to Israeli policy towards Palestinians with anti-Semitism?","I'm not. I myself am deeply opposed to the occupation of the Palestinian people. I believe that they have an indigenous right and claim to the land. And I'm on the record in many columns in the Times as being very opposed to various policies of the Netanyahu government, and I was cheered by the election this past week.","What I am opposed to is an ideological movement that insists that only one nation-state in the world doesn't have the right to exist, and that that nation-state is home to the largest Jewish community on planet Earth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : None . There's nothing in this that implies anything.","questions":"What does the largest Jewish community on planet Earth refer to?","answer":"Israel"}
{"text":["All right, Lanny, final question, and got to keep this tight. Is it smart or fair for him to stay as the head of Ways and Means?","It's absolutely smart and fair, so long as he's willing to accept the judgment on the merits when the investigation is completed. Now, Congressman Boehner, the Republican minority leader, introduced a censure resolution when there are Republicans on the House Ethics Committee who haven't even had a chance to see the evidence. This is the same John Boehner who has admitted to handing out tobacco money on the floor of the House. That's who is jumping to conclusions, as Ken Spain has done. And by the way, even in your case, there is a difference between indictment and conviction. You can indict a ham sandwich. I wrote a column that said Ted Stevens is an innocent man until he's proven guilty. Well, so is Charles Rangel. We've turned over everything we're going to to the Ethics Committee. We asked the Ethics Committee to investigate Congressman Rangel. Now we have our forensic investigator who's reporting to the Ethics Committee, and then we're going to publish everything, including 20 years of tax returns, and abide by the Ethics Committee judgment. Only Republicans desperate to change the subject as to what has happened in this economy over eight years of Republican gross negligence. . .","All right, Lanny.","Is the word that I heard used, would focus on Charlie Rangel rather than what's going on in mainstream America today."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"You can indict a ham sandwich.\" - This turn of phrase is an idiom and does not have a literal meaning. It means that a prosecutor can secure an indictment, or formal accusation of a crime, against anyone, even if the evidence is weak or lacking. The turn of phrase is used to emphasize that the indictment alone does not prove guilt.","questions":"What does the phrase \"indict a ham sandwich\" emphasize?","answer":"broadness"}
{"text":["According with my investigation, the first responsible of this crime was the 27th Battalion in Iguala, in particular, the colonel that received the phone call from the drug lord ordering him. You have to rescue my drugs. I pay you for this. You have - I don't know what you have to do. I want my drugs back.","Have they faced any consequences?What have they said to your findings?","Even now, the Mexican government is nagging (ph) in all the ways possible that the army - they were present. The real persons that were involved on that crime are not in jail. And I think if we are able to understand, if we are able to send to these people to jail, maybe we will be able to stop all these abuses of power and human rights violations.","You have been an investigative journalist for many years. It is an incredibly dangerous profession. We've seen so many journalists in Mexico killed. You are now living in Italy for your own safety. You have received threats. Are you worried about what this will mean for you and your family?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Mexican government is constantly communicating things about the army in all ways that they can.","questions":"Which government is constantly communicating about the army?","answer":"Mexican"}
{"text":["But I'm sure that there's something else that you want to share with us. You have your poems about California, poems about the blues.","I've got one. The once called \"Who I Am in Twilight. \"And it's a poem that is actually emblazoned on the sidewalk. And it's set in stone, as it were, on something called \"Poetry Walk\" in Berkeley, California. They put down on sidewalk, Addison Street, about a hundred poets', I think, work. So it's fun to go over there and see how posterity works, because always somebody has dropped some pizza on it, mashed out a cigarette on it, or something like that.","So don't live for posterity, live for now. But here it is. \"Who I am in Twilight. \"","Like John Lee Hooker, like Lightnin' Hopkins, like the blues himself. The Trickster Sonnet, hoedown, the tango, the cante jondo. Like blessed spirituals and ragas, custom-made. Like sagas. Like stories. Like slick, slow, sly, soliloquies sliding into dramas. Like crime and punishment. Like death and birth. Canal Street, New Orleans. Like the easy, erasable, troubled voices a whirling ceiling fan makes in deep summer nights in hot, un-heavenly hotels. Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee. Like the Mississippi River so deep and wide, you couldn't get a letter to the other side. Like Grand Canyon. Like Yosemite National Park. Like beans and cornbread. Like rest and recreation. Like love and like. I know we last. I know our bleeding stops."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Life should be lived in the moment rather than for posterity.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the voices made by a ceiling fan in a hot, un-heavenly hotel?","answer":"Ceiling"}
{"text":["It's going to be tough to do that tonight if there's a clear trend early, and there's a reason why, it's the Internet. Everyone's going to be look at the Internet. The Internet's going to be full of all kinds of numbers, exit polls, there are going to be all sorts of people predicting one way or another.","And the cable operators, the cable television news operations, CNN, Fox, MSNBC are going to in a tremendous competition to see which one of them can call it first, and that's going to pull the broadcasters over. So I don't think people in California can expect that the East Coast will not be talking about a winner, if there is a clear winner, before the polls close in California. Now, that isn't necessarily a good thing, I'm not trying to put a. . .","Right.","Put a happy face on it, it does make people in California feel angry to hear the race declared over hours before the polls close in that state. But because it's going to be on the Internet just about every where, and I suspect we'll start seeing it on cable television, it's going to be hard for the networks to resist the temptation to do the same."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This make sure anger for every violence people get some illegal activities","questions":"How might people in California feel about the race being declared over hours before the polls close in that state?","answer":"angry"}
{"text":["So first, he doesn't read French. And I was very scared. I have to tell you. The man, as you know, is very rich. And he's super well-known. And he cares about his image. And he has - you know, he can hire very good lawyers.","(Laughter).","And I was very, very scared because I wrote about his thoughts. I wrote about his sentimental life, about his sex life. You know, I'm - here I am, a woman, a heterosexual French woman, writing about a British gay artist. How do I dare?I was very, very scared - my husband, too. He thought, you know, there would be a. . .","(Laughter) You'd be bankrupt."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She was not actually scared but was worried about doing a good job.","questions":"What was the main concern of the woman in the dialogue?","answer":"Doing"}
{"text":["So Virginia was demographically the ideal Barack Obama success story. It was not a one color success story. It was a multicolored \u2014 he even did better than he's done anywhere else among Latinos. So Virginia is really, if you will, the marquee state for the Barack Obama coalition that he wants to put together.","What about independent voters?Independents or particularly first time voters seemed to have come out.","Yes. In fact, first time voters are largely a creation in this particular cycle of the Barack Obama campaign. That's why they came out. It isn't just because they are suddenly interested in the political process; it's Obama. And in Virginia in particular Obama did so well among independents that he was the reason largely that Mike Huckabee threatened John McCain at all in Virginia. Otherwise McCain would have counted on five to 10 percentage points more from independents who were being attracted over to the other side by Barack Obama.","Before we let you go, there are so many ways to crunch the delegates on the Democratic side. But specifically in terms of delegates that the two candidates have won, in the primaries and caucuses, how are they standing now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Virginia being a success story for Barack Obama's coalition despite its diverse demographics.","questions":"What state is highlighted as a success story for Barack Obama's diverse coalition?","answer":"Virginia"}
{"text":["Well, there have been dozens, many dozens of studies now over the last 20 years, and more that strongly suggest that men who are not circumcised are at higher risk of HIV infection from heterosexual intercourse.","Consistently, we see at least a 60 percent reduction in risk for men who are circumcised. And it's a relatively simple surgical procedure. It takes about 15 or 20 minutes normally for adults. It's done under local anesthesia.","There's a lot of demand for it. In many African countries now, there are long wait lists at the public hospitals of men wanting to get circumcised, and there just are not the resources there for them to do it.","Thabo Mbeki, the president of South Africa, was reviled by some people when he said poverty was the cause of AIDS. Regardless of whether or not you think his statement is literally true, is there a grain of truth to it?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Grain of truth, meaning that at least some of what he said is true","questions":"Which statement suggests that poverty may be a factor in the demand for circumcision in African countries?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["I hate to see it fade out.","Yeah, me too.","There's another story that really sounds like it has to be made up, about the driver who brought a hotshot guitarist from Macon, Georgia to Stax for a session.","Yeah. The driver kept bugging the musicians in the studio to give him a chance. And someone had promised him, OK, buddy, you know, chill out for a second. You'll get your chance. When nothing happened with the big talent, people had already started packing up their cars when they remembered, oh yeah, we got to let this guy try."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) B is implying that something valuable is coming to an end, beyond just a literal fade out.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue implies that the situation being discussed has some emotional significance?","answer":"Fade"}
{"text":["Look, I think the president's actually been very clear about the things that he wants. He wants to address border security, he wants to deal with chain migration, and he wants to deal with the lottery. And he's certainly willing to provide legal status for DREAMers. So if those are your four principle points and they've been known for months, there ought to be a way to reach an agreement.","Border security means a wall?","It means border security. The president's acknowledged he's not talking about a wall from sea to shining sea. But it does require physical structures in a lot of places. Back in 2006, Congress actually voted for about twice the amount of physical barriers that we have today - so finishing that off, rebuilding parts of it. But again, as both General Kelly and the president acknowledged, we're not talking about a wall across the entire length of the border. But we are calling for much more intense border security.","Representative Tom Cole of Oklahoma, thanks for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is asking for clarification about what \"border security\" means, specifically if it means building a physical structure along the entire border.","questions":"What did PersonB ask about \"border security\"?","answer":"definition"}
{"text":["So Gaspasr got a no. Can you talk about why?What was the reasoning?","Sure. So the applicant's explanation for Gaspasr - they explained that, I am a nurse anesthetist, which would make sense. They use gas. But the DMV commented gas passer. She passes gas - in parentheses - farts.","Ah, OK. So someone decided they weren't buying it. Are there things that they police for, like, hate speech or racism?I mean, how does that work?","Totally, yeah. Unfortunately, they do get a lot of submissions that at least could be interpreted as hate speech, as offensive to certain groups. They try to filter out things that could be seen as maybe references to white supremacy. For instance, the number 88 - in any context, even if it's benign, even if it's completely harmless, they always consistently block out the number 88 because it has a certain symbolism for white supremacy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  A: \"She passes gas - in parentheses - farts.\" - The literal meaning is that the applicant is a nurse anesthetist who uses gas to sedate patients. The actual meaning is that the DMV misunderstood the term \"gas passer\" and interpreted it as a reference to flatulence.","questions":"What was the DMV's interpretation of the term \"gas passer\"?","answer":"Farts"}
{"text":["But we keep our faith strong and know that good things will, you know, eventually will turn and happen for us.","Scott, this is an expensive state to live in. California has high unemployment rates. Have you ever thought about maybe relocating, going someplace else?","Well, I have. You know, I was born and raised here in San Diego, and we just love it. But yeah, if - regardless of where the location would be, I would be willing to go anywhere - anywhere in the world for that matter, Afghanistan, Pakistan, anywhere that somebody may be able to offer me a job.","I saw some photographs of you in your condo. You've been packing up there, and I noticed behind the moving boxes, hanging in the window were some Christmas lights and some red ribbons. Are you still going to find some ways to celebrate the holidays despite everything that's going on?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to keep faith strong means that this person is religious and that nothing will stop them from being that way","questions":"What trait does turn 0 imply about the person?","answer":"Resilient"}
{"text":["Well, you have roots in the South, so what are some of the food prep and food producing traditions of the South that you think we need to reconnect with?","Yeah, for me, it's really about helping people remember and as you said, reconnect with these issues - or these ways of connecting with the land and producing our foods that we saw just a couple of generations ago. As Will Allen said, you know, most people in America were producing their own food. And when I think about the African-American community that I grew up in, you know, my grandparents had practically an urban farm in their backyard. You know, everyone on the street was growing some type of food, small plots, people had mini- orchards.","And you go back to the same neighborhood now and it's, you know, practically a shell of itself. And I think we need to just kind of like remember that the way that people are advocating for eating local, healthy, sustainable food, you know, these ways that many of us were eating. And this isn't just about African-Americans. I think that a couple of generations ago a lot of us were eating this way, and we just need to get back to that.","Well, some argue that the locally sourced organic food movement is elitist and out of reach for the budget of lower-income city folks. So, what do you think?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Food is the most important think for each any every human.","questions":"Which turn mentions the importance of connecting with the land and producing our own food?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["When you first started out, though, as - performing in those amateur clubs, what was that like?","It was great because it was new. You know, comedy in itself was illegal. We had a few satirists but no - first of all, there were no black comedians. I mean, as a black person you were lucky if you're allowed to speak, never mind tell jokes in public, you know?So we had a few white South Africans who challenged the status quo, guys like Pieter-Dirk Uys, who was a legend in the country, and he got arrested many times. You got arrested if you did that. So for us young-uns, we came up and it was just this free speech - we had verbal diarrhea, just run around and just, you know, I can say this now. I can say anything now and that's what we've been doing.","Where did you learn the technique though?","From my family. Storytelling is an African tradition. You know, you laugh. And if you look at it, the history of comedy has always been strongest amongst the nations who have been persecuted the most. In America, the stronghold of comedy was always amongst Jewish people. And that's what many Jewish families have said, is that without their food and their laughter, they wouldn't have gotten through what happened to them as a people, you know?And that's what happened to black people all over the world. As you learned to find joy in your pain, you know, that's where the music comes from. That's where the culture comes from. That's literally - with the oppression will come the laughter."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) A: \"As you learned to find joy in your pain, you know, that's where the music comes from. That's where the culture comes from. That's literally - with the oppression will come the laughter.\" - The actual meaning here is not that laughter is a direct consequence of oppression, but rather that humor and storytelling can be powerful tools for coping with and resisting oppression, and that they can help build resilience and cultural identity in marginalized communities.","questions":"What does PersonA suggest is the origin of culture and music?","answer":"oppression"}
{"text":["Indeed, in fact, even over the last few hours. What we're hearing - and this really is hot off the presses, I haven't even been able to confirm it - is that the opposition, Morgan Tsvangirai's Movement for Democratic Change, is calling for a strike next week. I'm told that leaflets are being handed around town saying that there should be a strike next week, and this is clearly in protest of the delay in the release of the presidential elections.","The high court, by the way, the judge who is hearing the opposition's petition to have these results released urgently, is meant to be ruling on Monday.","Do you know why we hadn't gotten the results before now?","Ha!Tony, if I knew that, I would be a very wealthy woman. You know, it depends who you talk to. On the government's side, they're saying there has to meticulous, and this is a word we keep hearing, meticulous verification of the results. The government party, President Mugabe's ZANU-PF, has also alleged irregularities and misconduct in how the vote was carried out. And in fact, some election officials have even been arrested apparently for undercounting up to 5,000 votes in Mugabe's favor."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : hot of the presses implies that the news is very new","questions":"How would you describe the news in turn 0?","answer":"New"}
{"text":["And we actually have a link to how to take the test up on our website at sciencefriday. com. People can try it out for themselves. What other things can you measure with this test besides bias in that way?","It's been very useful in measuring gender stereotypes. For example, it shows that there are strong stereotypes that associate male with science, female with arts, and we found that this is correlated with different countries. The strength of this implicit stereotype, is what we call it, predicts male-female differences in performance on standardized tests that are administered every few years.","There's a gender career stereotype that associates women with family, men with careers, and you'd think that this is something that men would show, but women would reject. Actually, the implicit association test shows that women have this stereotype, this implicit stereotype, even a little more strongly than men. And we found in research, others have found in research, that this stereotype is associated with women experiencing difficulty in the workplace.","It's sort of a force inside their head that gives them a source of conflict or a feeling of discomfort in career situations.","Speaking of inside your head, can you tell anything about people's mental health from the test?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Women have an implicit gender career stereotype associating them with family which contributes to their difficulties in the workplace.","questions":"How is the gender career stereotype associated with women's difficulties in the workplace?","answer":"Family"}
{"text":["How dependent is El Salvador on the money that comes in from Salvadorans living in the U. S.  and who send it back home?","Remittances are one of the main economy stabilizers of this country. Almost a fifth of our GDP comes from those. So if you see, Scott, in the case of the TPS, when I say it doesn't even make sense for the United States, it's because you have - 90 percent of those that are under the TPS program have formal employment in the United States. They pay their taxes. They have bank loans in the United States to pay for their houses that they are buying. So these are exemplary immigrants, and now you're pushing them to become either illegal aliens or to come back to a country that they can't recognize anymore after two decades.","Carlos Dada of El Faro in San Salvador, thanks very much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implies that the United States' decision to end Temporary Protection Status does not make sense because of the positive impact Salvadorans have had in the US. ","questions":"What is one of the main economy stabilizers of El Salvador?","answer":"Remittances"}
{"text":["The banks can bring in their junky securities and swap them for cash or treasury bills. And that, on top of interest rate cuts, Bernanke thought would be enough to keep the financial system working until it healed itself. The strategy at the Fed was known as the finger in the dike strategy, keep the water out and eventually things will recover.","But obviously, you know things didn't work out like that. And in the spring, we had the great Bear Stearns crisis, and the Fed was forced to intervene to prevent them going bankrupt. Then, we had another few months where it seemed like things had stabilized, but this thing's like a disease. It goes away for a while, and then, you know, it comes back in a more virulent form.","In September, after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, you know, all hell broke out, basically. And since then, we've had a sort of slow motion collapse of the financial system.","Now, this entire crisis has really tarnished Alan Greenspan's legacy, and he even admitted that his basic economic philosophy is now changed. What about Ben Bernanke?Does he deserve the same criticism?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The \"finger in the dike strategy, keep the water out and eventually things will recover\" is not actually talking about water leaking out of a dam, but rather a declining bank that needed a solution to a financial drain problem","questions":"What strategy did the Fed use to keep the financial system working until it healed itself?","answer":"Finger"}
{"text":["Well, I'm glad to have a job. I'll put it that way.","You know, that's a good thing.","Businesses and institutions have now shed jobs for the last 13 months in a row. Last month alone, we lost nearly 600,000 jobs. Nissan is the latest to announce big cuts. President Obama, Dr.  Malveaux, has warned of double digit unemployment rates. It seems like everytime I have you on the show we ask the same question. How high is unemployment going to go?","Well, the rate we're going it can get to double digit. The last time we've seen anything like that was in 1981 in the early Reagan years. And double digit unemployment is no joke, but Tony, many people believe that we have really already crossed the line. If you look at the most recent report from the Bureau of Labor statistics, they come up with these alternative measures. So, we know that the unemployment rate is 7. 6 percent. But then if you add people who are marginally attached, that's like people who are working part time, but want to work full time and people who are discouraged workers and have dropped out of the labor force, we get up to a number that's more like 14 percent, 13. 9 percent. So when we look at all the hidden unemployment, we're already well firmly into that double digit area."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A lot of people are out of work and jobs are getting harder to find.","questions":"Which word describes the current job market based on the statement made in turn 2?","answer":"Dire"}
{"text":["All the Neanderthals are quite closely related to each other, all the ones that have been studied genetically so far. But this individual, this Denisovan girl, is very distantly related to the Neanderthals. She's more distantly related than the most distantly related present-day humans that are on Earth today.","And so she is another group, and we also have a molar, a tooth from a Denisovan. We know she's - that tooth is from a Denisovan because we've extracted its DNA. And that tooth is a very big molar. It's much bigger than any modern human or Neanderthal molar. So they also had teeth that were different from either modern humans or Neanderthals.","So if you're a natural history museum, and you have your diorama of, you know, of ancestry, and you've got a Neanderthal there, do you now have to put a Denisovan standing right next to that Neanderthal?","I think you do, but you won't know what they look like."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Denisovan girl is less related to Neanderthals than present-day humans.","questions":"How is the Denisovan girl related to Neanderthals compared to present-day humans?","answer":"Distantly"}
{"text":["Jim Kelly, the great old Buffalo Bills quarterback, can't remember the fourth quarter of the most important football game. And as he works all his life to get into that fourth quarter of the Super Bowl, and he can't remember.","Can't remember it, but it's on video. No, it's - I love Jim Kelly. I mean. . .","Yeah, I do too.",". . . He was a great player to watch. And he's in a special case because he's had several cancers that keep returning, and he's lost a son. He suffered in ways not of his own choosing. I mean, football was his own choosing. It was very poignant, though, because he told it, like, sort of joyously. He said, oh, yeah, we called it dings back then. You know, we call it concussions now and CTE, but no, no, no, it was great. I don't remember anything. I remember wandering back to the team hotel the day after the Super Bowl and wondering why I was there and not remembering - and he thought it was a funny story."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Jim Kelly can't remember the most important football game despite being a great quarterback","questions":"How did Jim Kelly feel about his inability to remember the fourth quarter of the most important football game?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["Yeah.","So, does that mean that Mom and Dad, one's a doctor, one's a lawyer?","No, it was more - I would just say that the type of upbringing I had - actually, my parents are divorced, and they have been most of my life, but everybody actually refers my mother as Clair Huxtable, because she kind of reminds everybody of that character. My dad is a little silly like Bill Cosby, and I was always Denise. I was the wild kid and kind of the wild card in the family. I'm the only artist in the family and always had the weird clothes and a wild hair. So. . .","Now, let's talk about this song - I know you're going to sing it for us in a moment - \"Wanna Be. \"Listening to the lyrics of it, it sounds as if it's a person who is trying to figure out who she is for herself."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person was the one in the family that did not dress and act like the rest.","questions":"Which family member was different from the rest?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Much less than the NFL football players got.","Far less. Far less. And, I mean, we - this is a big issue. I mean, in 2011, there were three guys - Wade Belak, Rick Rypien and Derek Boogard - who all died within six months of one another. They were all enforcers - two buy suicide, one from drugs.","And it really was a wakeup call to the hockey world and to people who do that job of fighting for a living. And they kind of looked at these titans of the sport to say, wait a minute, if those guys who we look up to, who we idolize, who we see as the toughest enforcers on skates can die from this, then maybe we can too. And that's what I get into with my first character, James McEwan. He kind of goes into a mental health tailspin because he sees these guys perish. And he goes, well, this could happen to me, too.","Some of the players you interviewed suggest ways to reduce fighting in hockey. They have solutions. Tell us about some of their ideas."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It made the people that work in the sport of hockey realize the importance of what was happening. James McEwan's mental heath went down sharply.","questions":"What did James McEwan experience after seeing the enforcers perish?","answer":"Mental"}
{"text":["Well, the president really is his own brand. And that's kind of a double-edged sword - right?- for Democrats. You know, there's an opportunity for them to legislate with the president. At the same time, there has been, you know, voter research that has shown that voters don't necessarily view President Trump as a dyed-in-the-wool Republican.","He's really his sort of own brand. And so the question is whether voters are going to want to punish Republicans, you know, for what they may see as the president's inability to perform, if that, in fact, turns out to be the case. Hopefully, there's going to be some legislative victories coming here in the next few months, particularly on taxes.","But, yeah, the president's going to zig, and he's going to zag. And in the meantime, I think the Republicans are going to have to do their best to try to muscle through an agenda. And the big one coming up for them is going to be this debate over taxes.","When you say muscle through an agenda, the implication is they've got to twist arms in their own party?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) is that the Republicans must use pressure tactics to pass their agenda, rather than just relying on persuasion alone.","questions":"How must the Republicans pass their agenda according to the statement?","answer":"Pressure"}
{"text":["Well, speaking of talking, do you think that Mr.  Obama is now speaking with both the Israeli and Palestinian leaders?","I would not expect that. It would not necessarily be in his interest to do that. There's certain amount of meaning in the often-repeated statement that we just have one president at a time, and of course, over the weekend, we heard Obama's people repeating that. It's really not something that makes sense for him to be caught up in, the decision-making or negotiations, until he has a standing to be so and to be doing so as president of United States.","Well, this is certainly something that Mr.  Obama doesn't need right now, given that he's got a lot on his plate dealing with the economy. How distracting will it be for him?","It would be a tremendous distraction, except that this is the nature of the job, and he has himself said, back during the campaign, a president of the United States needs to be able to focus on more than one crisis at a time. It's a good thing he's thinking that way because he's going to have lots of them, and he's going to have to try to use the energy and the attention focus that he gets from one crisis to keep the country going forward on a number of fronts - that's the economy, the energy crisis, the healthcare situation - all of this while he tries to deal with international crises. That's the situation we're in, and he seems to know that, and he seems to be up for it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mr. Obama should not negotiate with Israeli and Palestinian leaders before he becomes the president.","questions":"What is the often-repeated statement regarding having one president at a time?","answer":"One-president"}
{"text":["What sorts of things have you been doing?What has Save The Children been doing?","Well, obviously, we focus on children, but we're looking at livelihoods. You know, I was saying that fishing boats have been destroyed and people are now really struggling. So we'll be working with fishermen to try to support them to repair their boats. We're repairing schools that children can go - try and go back to school. Over 3,000 schools were damaged, meaning that over a million children are now not being able to go back to school.","So we are really still working around the clock to do what we can to make sure that families can get back on their feet.","Now, this is a holiday week and the Philippines is a predominantly Christian country. Has there been any Christmas celebrating going on?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - The actual meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking whether the people in the Philippines have been able to find any joy amidst the disaster, not just asking if they have been celebrating Christmas.","questions":"How is the question in turn 3 related to the disaster in the Philippines?","answer":"Joy"}
{"text":["No, I didn't think they were racially motivated. They were just wrong. The president actually was referring to my opposition to the war in Iraq and suggesting somehow that I have not consistently opposed the war in Iraq.","Everybody who's looked at my track record knows that from 2002, when I made a speech in front of 3,000 people saying the war in Iraq was a mistake. Until today, I have consistently been opposed to this war.","And so the president, I think, was massaging the truth a little bit, and that's part of sort of standard Washington politics. But I think, at this point, you know, we're - we just want to move forward and make sure that we are talking about the issues that people are struggling with and particularly in economy right now that is teetering on the edge of recession.","That was Illinois Senator Barack Obama."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Turn (1) has an implicated meaning that is different from its literal meaning. Although the speaker denies that the remarks were racially motivated, the implication is that the speaker believes they were in fact racially motivated, and is trying to downplay or avoid addressing that implication.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue implies that the speaker has consistently opposed the war in Iraq?","answer":"Turn1"}
{"text":["And, of course, a lot of the Democrats are aware of these shortfalls. And there are counties with only one insurance company and counties where it's not clear there are going to be any insurance companies. And some of that's been overblown, but there are real problems. And, of course, any bill, any large program, any law needs to be revisited and amended, and the parties need to get together to do that.","These insults this week flying back and forth between the president and Kim Jong Un - lunatic, frightened dog, dotard. I don't know about you, I had to look that one up.","We all did.","This is this just scenery chewing or are people in official Washington worried it could encourage something more destructive?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) implies that the speaker was surprised by the unusual words used in the exchange between the president and Kim Jong Un, and had to look up the meaning of one of them. ","questions":"How was the speaker affected by the exchange between the president and Kim Jong Un?","answer":"Surprised"}
{"text":["That was a time that postwar era in India when you had a tremendous amount of aspiration for development in the air. Nehru was the first Prime Minister of independent India. And there was a sense in the air of the chance for a collective progress that many, many different kinds of people who came from different backgrounds could actually participate in, could share in. And I think the momentum of that time also swept my own grandparents up. Their condition was precarious.","The jacket that my grandfather was wearing was borrowed. The jewelry that my grandmother is wearing was costume jewelry. I think the prosperity that you see in that image is less about the wealth that they have in hand at that moment and more about that future horizon that they might feel is already coming within their reach.","What do you think your grandfather's story might tell us about today's India?","What I think is so interesting about looking at the life of someone like my grandfather over the course of nearly a century is that you see that there is a kind of ongoing momentum of change that exists throughout his life and that takes him and those alongside him in many different directions. That these patterns of change that we see now in India have been with us for some time and have had a lot to do with the kinds of aspirations that people like my grandparents as well as my own parents grew up with."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : What I think is so interesting about looking at the life of someone like my grandfather over the course of nearly a century is that you see that there is a kind of ongoing momentum of change that exists throughout his life and that takes him and those alongside him in many different directions - This implies that change is an ongoing process that people must adapt to if they want to move forward.","questions":"How does the life of the narrator's grandfather demonstrate the nature of change in India?","answer":"Adapt"}
{"text":["We did. We - what we did with the mice was we gave them antibiotics to deplete their sinus microbiome, and then we had them sniff, basically, the corynebacterium species. And, in that context, we saw all the hallmarks of sinus infection, lots of mucin hypersecretion from the host.","And when we did the same and added the lactobacillus species, we didn't see any hallmarks of pathogenesis or infection. And, in fact, when we did another group of mice where we took out their native microbiome, we instilled the protective species along with this pathogen that we've identified. Again, we saw no signs of infections suggesting that the lactobacillus species protected the surface of the sinus and evaded infection by the corynebacterium species.","Now, you know what all these public radio listeners are going to want to know, now. Right?","We'll have to ask it. Where do you get the stuff to snort up your own lactobacillus sake, you know?I want some of that stuff with my health food store."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The mice were intentionally infected to study the effect of bacteria, rather than catching an actual sinus infection.","questions":"What was the purpose of giving antibiotics to the mice?","answer":"deplete"}
{"text":["Always a pleasure, Neal.","And how big is this change?","It is big. The previous record was in 2007, where a very large percentage of this ice melted away. This year, it's already bigger than 2007 by an area the size of Texas. This is - this really shattered that record which in itself was a pretty dramatic departure from the average.","And, well, if things melt, it's because things are warmer, right?","That is exactly right. And what happens also is the Arctic ice has been getting thinner over the years. And so it used to be that you can have some warm summers up there, and you wouldn't melt it all away because you'd have 10 feet or 20 feet thick of ice. And you'd melt some of it, but you wouldn't melt it all the way through. But because of this warming trend up there, it is where the planet is warming faster than anywhere else. The Arctic, what we've seen is the ice getting thinner up there. And so a fairly small pretubance will actually melt a lot of the ice because it's thin to begin with. You don't have to melt 20 feet of ice. You might melt three feet of ice."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Arctic ice is melting faster than ever before due to global warming, which causes a thinning of the ice.","questions":"How has global warming affected the Arctic ice?","answer":"Faster"}
{"text":["It goes into the ecosystem, and it will be assimilated most likely based on past history. What is actually overflows is more dilute than what it would have been without the rain. And then with everything else that's coming down the river, it will get assimilated into the ecosystem one way or another. In a case like this where there's the major flooding, most of the nutrients are going to get carried on out into the ocean.","Why in this day and age are there still hog lagoons and we haven't come up with a better way?","There are better ways. It's just that they're expensive ways. And from a farming standpoint, the margins are typically slim. And so it's just - there's - lagoons are still an effective method for waste treatment and fairly resilient. You know, some of the new systems that have been evaluated were highly mechanical systems, high energy requirements. And so, you know, during a storm event or where there's electricity is off for several days, those systems aren't going to work at all. And so you're still going to have a potential for release of wastewater.","Yeah. Mr.  Rice, I found myself very affected this week to read that amidst all the devastation and suffering of many people through Hurricane Florence, according to reports, about 5,500 pigs died during the storm."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The overflow will not cause harm to the ecosystem.","questions":"What is the basis for the statement made by PersonA about the assimilation of the overflow?","answer":"history"}
{"text":["Yeah. And the Curia is the administrative. . .","The Curia is basically the civil servants, the bureaucrats. Although, this weekend we do see that he has replaced Cardinal Muller, who was the prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.","Can you tell us what that is for people who may not know?","The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith deals with discipline within the church and doctrinal matters. But it also handles all cases of abuse and the disciplining of perpetrators of abuse, et cetera. So they are very much involved in actual cases of abuse that are brought to the church."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"But it also handles all cases of abuse and the disciplining of perpetrators of abuse, et cetera.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith deals with cases of abuse and disciplining of perpetrators of abuse. However, the actual meaning is that the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith deals with cases of sexual abuse within the Catholic Church, which is a highly sensitive and controversial topic.","questions":"Which topic is highly sensitive and controversial and handled by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith?","answer":"Sexual"}
{"text":["UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #2: (Reading) That they are endowed by their creator. . .","Those voices were recorded last year on the National Mall. This year, to celebrate the Fourth of July, we're examining the text of the Declaration of Independence, but not the parts you've heard over and over again. The smallest details of phrasing in that declaration were crucial. Many words carried hidden meanings, small proclamations meant to legitimize aspirations for independence and little barbs for the British. It's part of Mark Memmott's job to pay attention to how we use words. He's NPR's supervising senior editor for standards and practices. Welcome, Mark.","Glad to be here.","OK, point us to a word in the Declaration of Independence that we might not have paid that much attention to.","I should say right here that I learned a lot about this this week from Professor Stephen Lucas, University of Wisconsin-Madison. The word is necessary."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B: Those voices were recorded last year on the National Mall. This year, to celebrate the Fourth of July, we're examining the text of the Declaration of Independence, but not the parts you've heard over and over again.","questions":"What are we examining this year to celebrate the Fourth of July?","answer":"Text"}
{"text":["So we hear that a lot. We hear employees being congratulated for working 24\/7, which now we know is the cognitive equivalent of coming to work drunk. But it's changing. We are now in this amazing transition period where more and more companies are beginning to realize that living like that and working like that has actually terrible consequences, not just on the health and productivity of their employees but also on their bottom line.","You talk about sleep as a basic human right that we have not ranked alongside, you know, the right not to go hungry, the right to freedom of expression, that sort of thing.","Yes, and what is interesting is that it's a right that has been violated both in workplaces where employees have been expected to be perpetually on, especially since the advent of the smartphone, but also which is constantly violated by us because we have so minimized the importance of sleep. So that basic human right that you mention is often violated by us.","We can't do an interview with Arianna Huffington at this point and not ask about the 2016 presidential campaign. And I will point out Donald Trump says he just gets by on about four hours of sleep a night. Any reaction to that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implies that people have become so used to not prioritizing sleep that they are violating their own basic human right. ","questions":"Which right is often violated by people according to the implied meaning of turn 2?","answer":"Sleep"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","Did that work for you?","Yeah. I mean, because it's similar to what the TV show does. They tease some things. Some things get a few seconds. Some things are the main themes. And I felt that they really focused on two main lines here. I think, for me, they were the two main themes of this one. One is that downstairs, it turns out that the royals come with their own servants. And their own servants are very snooty. They're snootier than the king and queen. . . .","Yeah.",". . . As it turns out. And upstairs, the Dowager countess, Maggie Smith - no one else - is dealing with succession issues and who's going to run things in the future. And that also becomes an interesting plot. So those are the two main ones for me. But there's all kinds of other ones that are kind of peeking in around the edges.","I didn't think Maggie Smith could shine any more than she does in the television series, but she really did."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The servants and royals believe that they are better than everyone else.","questions":"What was the main focus downstairs?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["U3 is the classic headline number. What is the total unemployment as most people commonly understand it?It's a somewhat narrow definition of unemployment, and there are actually much broader definitions of unemployment.","So, tell us about those. There's one called the U6, I understand.","Well, U4, U5, U6 and they are all subsets of - each one is the previous one plus another group of unemployed. So, to go from U3 to U4, we add a group of people called discouraged workers. These are people who have given up looking for jobs even though they want a job. Then there's a different group called the marginally-attached worker, and that's somebody who isn't looking for a job but wants one. And there's another group of people who are working part time, but want a full-time job, but can't find them. If you take the broadest measure, the U6 measure of unemployment, we're talking about 11. 8 percent, and those are numbers similar to what we saw in the 1970s. That's an ugly unemployment number.","Well, why doesn't the government count that number or use that number when reporting these numbers?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are broader definitions of unemployment beyond U3.","questions":"What are the subsets of unemployment beyond U3?","answer":"shopping"}
{"text":["So, the one thing about balloons is they tend to move sort of west to east. So once we put balloons up there, they will float in a ring around the world, and they're - some of the balloons are right now on their way to Chile and Argentina. The goal of the project, once we roll it out further, is to have a continuous ring around the world at 40 degrees south latitude, and anyone under those - the path of the balloons would be able to use the trial service.","So it's like if I go up in a hot air balloon, I sort of - I go where the air current go. Is that the same thing here?","And that's one of the cool things about the project. We can steer the balloons by increasing or decreasing the altitude of the balloon and finding a wind that's going the direction we want. So if we see we want to go a little bit further north, we perhaps drop down a half a kilometer, find a wind going that direction and then stop at that altitude, and that's the way we steer the balloons.","And how long can they stay up?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The balloons location around the planet forms a circle.","questions":"Which latitude is the continuous ring of balloons meant to be located at?","answer":"40"}
{"text":["UNIDENTIFIED REPORTER #2: Under the command of General Eisenhower, Allied naval forces supported by strong air forces began landing Allied armies this morning on the northern coast of France.","Ships deposited more than 150,000 Allied troops on the beaches of Normandy. German forces were waiting in the cliffs above, and they unleashed. Meanwhile, paratroopers boarded planes, took to the air and dropped behind enemy lines.","Oh, it was a lot of noise - one after another.","What did it sound like?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Allied forces have made a successful landing on Normandy","questions":"Which coast did Allied forces land on?","answer":"Normandy"}
{"text":["That's the problem we have when trying to operator motors on Mars when it's quite cold. And so we just - what we use is we use heaters. And we have little electrical heaters that a few hours before we want to drive or turn the science cameras, for example, we turn on heaters, we heat them up to the point where they're relatively warm, warm enough to operate, and then we're able to go ahead with the science observations.","You've obviously lived in Alaska or Minnesota if you know what a heater is on your car.","Exactly. Born in North Dakota, so yeah, I should know.","So of course you would have thought of that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This implies that the cold nature of Mars requires that some of the equipment be heated to some level before they can be used for science observation.","questions":"What is the purpose of the little electrical heaters used on Mars?","answer":"operate"}
{"text":["Sure.","We are always so grateful when you come on this show. I got to tell you - we got a lot of noes from Republicans who didn't want to come on this show and talk about gun policy, except, you know, maybe they'll go on Fox News. If the Republicans are proud of their record on guns, why not be interviewed about it?","Well, I can't speak for all of my colleagues on this. I mean, we obviously have a very serious violence problem in the country and particularly a firearm violence issue. And that - you know, we must address it. That said, we also have to respect the rights of people who own. . .","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Republicans are trying to avoid discussing their record on gun policy, but feel comfortable discussing it on Fox News.","questions":"Which news network do the Republicans feel comfortable discussing their record on gun policy with?","answer":"Fox"}
{"text":["But this radicalization on the Internet is something that the FBI has been talking about for years, and it hasn't been licked. And clearly, this is an example of that since we know that the older brother, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, spent a lot of time on the Internet, on jihadi websites.","And again, if he says anything to the investigators before he's Mirandized, that is nothing they can use in a case against him. However, given the mountain of evidence - including this video that's been described to you - they may not need it.","Well, it's funny because depending on which lawyer you talk to, they will disagree with your first supposition; which is, that it's not admissible if you evoke the public safety exception. In fact, part of the reason for the public safety exception, instead of just talking to somebody without Mirandizing them, is that some of that information may well be admissible. But in this case, this is a bit of a slam dunk. They have video on this young man, and he's going to have a hard time saying that he wasn't involved.","NPR counterterrorism correspondent Dina Temple-Raston, with us here in Studio 42 - our very first guest in Studio 42. Thanks very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The radicalization of people through activity on the internet has not been defeated yet.","questions":"How did the FBI describe the role of the Internet in radicalization?","answer":"Description"}
{"text":["Today one major Palestinian businessman, Bashar Masri, wrote something really interesting on his Facebook page. He said he was invited to this U. S.  conference next month, but he said he's not going. He would not be willing to endorse something that's outside the Palestinian national consensus, he said.","It's pretty remarkable to hear that kind of criticism from him because he's a real estate developer. He's got a lot of press coverage in the U. S. He's kind of a celebrity. He's built a new Palestinian city with a fancy mall and condos. So he's been seen as admired by the Trump administration, and this is what he's saying.","In the meantime, have we heard from any other regional powers?","We have heard - interestingly, not heard from Israeli leaders yet. But the Trump administration said they've gotten a lot of very good feedback on their peace plan - on the economic side of the peace plan as they've discussed it with Middle East leaders in recent months."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Bashar Masri's criticism is significant due to his status and ties with Trump administration.","questions":"Which businessman's criticism is significant?","answer":"Bashar"}
{"text":["Inside the box is a hand mirror, which is made not from glass but of pumiced metal. It has a wooden handle decorated with gold. The Egyptians weren't alone. Through the ages, women have had their cosmetics and must-haves. Curator Jane Adlin said the French called their ornate cosmetic boxes necessaires.","You would find tiny little perfume flasks, combs, nail files, tiny scissors. These are clearly meant for the luxury market and were pieces that could have been owned by Madame de Pompadour or royalty, and were carried by their maids and brought out when the madam would ask for a comb or whatever.","Finally, someone placed the box on a table and drew up a chair.","When portables and tables come together and become the dressing table - and that's sort of late 1700s. And by the mid-1800s, the dressing table has become this sort of extraordinary furniture piece of the beginning of the era of the dressing table."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : implies that the box was placed in a specific location in preparation for someone to use it, rather than just setting it down on a table.","questions":"Which furniture piece became extraordinary by the mid-1800s?","answer":"Dressing"}
{"text":["A lot of my time will be really spent spreading the good word about restorative justice. I also really want to deepen my understanding and lifting up of the indigenous roots from which much of restorative justice comes from and sort of the original teachings that come from Mennonite communities and my own faith tradition - the Tibetan system of justice prior to Chinese occupation - and so the roots in Buddhism there. These are the things that I think I'm really excited about having some time and space to research and learn more about. How do we bring these teachings and these learnings into our secular practices of justice-making in the United States?This seems like a good use of the time.","Well, congratulations. Keep us posted on what you do next. We can't wait to hear.","Thank you so much.","That's sujatha baliga. She is the director of the Restorative Justice Project at the Impact Justice Research Center in Oakland. This week, she became one of the latest recipients of the MacArthur Fellowship - the so-called Genius Grant - for her work in the area of restorative justice. Sujatha baliga, thanks so much for talking to us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Buddhism is not actually planted but it was the first religion in the area that others came from.","questions":"What was the religion that had the original teachings that come from Mennonite communities and Tibetan system of justice?","answer":"Mennonite"}
{"text":["How dependent is El Salvador on the money that comes in from Salvadorans living in the U. S.  and who send it back home?","Remittances are one of the main economy stabilizers of this country. Almost a fifth of our GDP comes from those. So if you see, Scott, in the case of the TPS, when I say it doesn't even make sense for the United States, it's because you have - 90 percent of those that are under the TPS program have formal employment in the United States. They pay their taxes. They have bank loans in the United States to pay for their houses that they are buying. So these are exemplary immigrants, and now you're pushing them to become either illegal aliens or to come back to a country that they can't recognize anymore after two decades.","Carlos Dada of El Faro in San Salvador, thanks very much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implies that the United States' decision to end Temporary Protection Status does not make sense because of the positive impact Salvadorans have had in the US. ","questions":"How do remittances impact El Salvador's economy?","answer":"Stabilizers"}
{"text":["Yeah. After the West Africa outbreak, there was this sense that, you know, we're in much better shape. We know more about it. We've got new treatment options. We've got a vaccine that's out there.","But in this one, it really has been this perfect storm. The area that this occurred in is incredibly poor, that had poor health care infrastructure beforehand. It's incredibly volatile; there's these militias that have basically been running that part of the Democratic Republic of Congo for decades. They're vying for control of minerals. And, you know, they have really undermined any governmental institutions that would be there.","And then all these health care workers show up to try to contain the Ebola treatment unit - that Ebola, you know, outbreak, and some of them were attacked, even killed. The World Health Organization yesterday was saying they've documented 198 attacks on Ebola clinics and workers over the last year. So obviously, that's an incredibly high number for attacks on a health response, you know, even in a declared war zone.","Well, I mean, yeah, it is a war zone, but why attack - specifically attack clinics that you know are treating a disease?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a sense means that there is an understanding","questions":"How does PersonA describe the state of knowledge and available treatment options after the West Africa outbreak?","answer":"better"}
{"text":["And that polio virus is thought to be non-zoonotic. It's thought to be a virus that only affects humans, but it's capable of passing from humans into chimps. So it seems to have made those chimps sick and killed some of them.","Likewise, the mountain gorillas of Rwanda and Uganda, when people visit those on - ecotourist adventures, they're not allowed to come closer than within about 15 feet. The gorillas are habituated. They're perfectly happy to have people nearby.","But the people who manage those gorilla populations are concerned that diseases, human diseases, will spill over into the mountain gorillas, which are an endangered subspecies and have a relatively small gene pool. So, yes, we have to be careful that we don't give diseases to wildlife also, especially wildlife that's closely related to us and that's endangered.","It seemed like many of the viruses you talk about in this book spilled over from bats, and I don't think of them as close relations to us particularly. But do we have. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : passing implies transmission from one person or animal to another and not having legs to walk or cross sides ","questions":"Which word implies transmission from one person or animal to another and not having legs to walk or cross sides?","answer":"Passing"}
{"text":["You had to actually take the thing apart to change games.","Take out the battery and everything to change games.","That would be a drawback.","That's a drawback. And number two - they didn't have any games. There was, like, two games that were worth playing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : : (3) and (4). The implied meaning of (3) is that it would be a disadvantage to have to take the thing apart to change games. The implied meaning of (4) is that there were only a few games available which were worth playing.","questions":"Which turn implies that there were only a few games available which were worth playing?","answer":"Turn4"}
{"text":["Or probably not their wives, actually.","(Laughter) No, they were mistresses. They were wives. As as everybody explained to me, this was pre-AIDS. You know, the swinging '70s. Up to about '82, no one had kind of realized that promiscuity can bounce back and hit you in really deadly ways.","So, Roben, there's all this craziness and excess. But at the same time, of course, this cocaine trade brought a world of violence to Miami. And you talk about the murder rate in Dade County, which is doubling in just a couple of years.","You think about the combustibility in those wild cash profits. And on top of the fact, in 1980, Fidel Castro says that he's flushing his toilets on the United States. He unleashes 125,000 refugees - maybe 10,000 to 15,000 of those were criminals. Some of the most violent ones indeed had their weapons of choice tattooed on the inside of their lips. So Miami was really ill-prepared to handle that inundation. There were race riots going on. And amid all of this, you have the hot pursuit of cocaine, money and sex and speedboats. And lots of really deranged things, in 20\/20 hindsight, happened in that midst."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In the 70s and early 80s, promiscuity was common and not well-understood as a health risk.","questions":"What was the risk of promiscuity in the 70s and early 80s?","answer":"Health"}
{"text":["What is the context?How did you get to know them?And then, describe what you think each of them is like as a person.","I worked with Raila Odinga at the University of Nairobi. President Kibaki, we've had our children go to school together. I think they are both kind people. I don't think - I won't describe any one of them as a bad person at all. They are both kind, but we have this underlying problem we just started talking about that nobody really has ever paid it any attention to. That is of helping people to relate as tribes, as, you know, really seeing - instead of bruiting their differences and, you know, identifying the unity that groups like Kikuyus and the Luos have. They are very different people culturally. How can they walk together?How can they celebrate each other's, you know, differences so that we can forge ahead.","So in other words, even though some peace is going to be created - I know they will - I hope that they are going to start in a school system, teaching people about the different cultural background to ensure that our people move from their own tribal shells towards the national and then the continent.","Let me ask you about the two men that we've been talking about who have so much decision-making power."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of \"tribal shells\" is not clear, but in this context, it means to move away from their narrow-minded or limited views based on their tribal affiliations.","questions":"Which phrase used by PersonB describes the importance of teaching people about different cultural backgrounds?","answer":"move"}
{"text":["Why they're talking about it is because they feel they have to talk about it. The government of Bangladesh wants the bulk of these people to return. They also would be feeling some domestic pressures in this area, as well. And the government of Burma, I think, is feeling some of the pressure from the international community and feels some need to be responsive. But the real story here is this is horrifying, this discussion, to be taking place right now, given the complete absence of measures in place to ensure safety and security upon return.","As I understand it, the Rohingya, according to this agreement, will be moved from the camps in Bangladesh to a camp in Myanmar where there could be security concerns.","Oh yeah, there are no safeguards in place. There - been no serious discussion of safeguards for return. You have to realize that we're talking about one of the greatest crimes in recent memory - massive abuses, forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of people in a matter of weeks.","There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N.  official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The government of Bangladesh and Burma are under pressure to repatriate the Rohingya, but there are no measures in place to ensure their safety upon return.","questions":"How do the governments of Bangladesh and Burma feel about the repatriation of the Rohingya?","answer":"pressure"}
{"text":["So the parents as well as one coach have agreed to plead guilty in connection with this scheme. And according to one of the plea agreements at least, they may serve a few months in jail as well as paying fines and restitution. And Felicity Huffman, the actress, as you heard, is one of the more high-profile people accused. But others, including Lori Loughlin, another actress from the TV show \"Full House,\" is among those originally accused who is continuing to fight the charges.","What are we hearing from the parents?","Well, two of those who plead - pled guilty today issued very contrite statements. Huffman's statement reportedly said, I am in full acceptance of my guilt - deep regret and shame. And she also reiterated that her daughter had no idea.","This story has gotten so much attention, and it seems to have really resonated with students and parents. Why do you think it has had such a big impact?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The parents and coaches involved in the scheme are facing legal consequences.","questions":"Which group of people are facing legal consequences?","answer":"Parents"}
{"text":["Who happens to be black.","You know.","And happens to be benched right now.","Happens to be benched. What do you make of this?I think Vince's issues I think are quite different from Tarvaris. I think there was a lot of pressure on Vince from the time he came out of Texas to kind of be the black Johnny Unitas, and he's going to - they'll both have an opportunity to sit and watch, and hopefully come back with a vengeance.","One really quick other black quarterback not in the league at the moment, in Atlanta, Michael Vick. Is Matt Ryan, the replacement, making Atlanta Falcon fans forget Michael Vick?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The fact that the quarterback is black is important to the conversation","questions":"How does the conversation highlight the quarterback's ethnicity?","answer":"black"}
{"text":["And it's in Kuwait where you have thousands of people now for the last three months, four months, have been out in the street demonstrating. Again, they're not calling for the overthrow of the regime, but they're publicly calling out the emir's name, saying we will not let you run an autocratic system and abuse power. They want more representation, the more equitable representation of parliament, less corruption and more citizen involvement or engagement in public life.","They haven't articulated their demands very clearly, but these are - this is what they're talking about. They just want to feel that they're not, they're not simply living in a shopping mall where they can go and buy six cell phones and have no other rights. They have rights more than material rights, that's what they're saying.","So Kuwait is fascinating because it's wealthy, the government gives them everything, and they're still out there demonstrating for political change. And I think these sentiments run throughout the whole region, including Saudi Arabia and other places, to some extent. None of them are revolutionary in the monarchies, but none of the citizens of these countries either will accept total and permanent acquiescence in the existing power structure.","I know you're on your way from here back to the airport and back home, and I don't mean to send you there early, but a report today from the Bulgarian investigation into that terrible bombing, and, well, clearly that's going to be a development that's going to be - we're going to keep an eye on."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : to keep an eye on means to watch something closely","questions":"What kind of investigation did the Bulgarian report mention?","answer":"Bombing"}
{"text":["I mean, it's tempting, and certainly we do it in the news business, to look at a figure like $9 billion and say, you know, figure out what that cost per arrest and everything. But I wonder, isn't it in a sense worth, I don't know, a billion dollars a year to the American people to have that deterrent aboard?Because as people in the program have pointed out, if something happens, there's no one else to call upon for help in an airliner.","Well, you could justify almost anything on that basis. But I will tell you that on any cost-benefit analysis, this program does not hold muster. I can tell you also that while a billion dollars might not seem like much money in the whole federal government. . .","Oh, no, it's a lot of money. Don't get me wrong. . .","It's a lot. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  In statement 2, the speaker is implying that Trump should make a statement that can help heal the divide between him and the Republicans. ","questions":"Which program does not hold muster on any cost-benefit analysis according to A?","answer":"Program"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, our house never got flooded. We never lost power. We have this lifted Jeep because we like to go off-roading. We have this kayak because we like to go kayaking. All these tools that we had, we were fortunate enough to have. So we thought, why not?You know, these people need help. Not many people here are able to help them, so we did what we could.","What's it look like now?The water is receding, we're told, but there must be an awful lot left.","Oh, yeah. There's just devastation to all the homes. Power lines are down, broken by trees. Just devastation everywhere. I mean, mold in the homes is already setting in. Just everything is destroyed.","Alison, do you worry about some of the chemicals and the detritus that's left behind?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of the phrase \"detritus that's left behind\" is physical debris that has been left behind after a disaster. However, the implied meaning of the phrase is the chemical pollutants and hazardous materials that have been left behind after the disaster.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of \"detritus\"?","answer":"hazardous"}
{"text":["So I think that the Barack Obama, of course, then has a political legitimacy that neither of those gentlemen had because he's a United States senator elected to represent a district and serve a quarter of people. And yet, he's a charismatic figure as well, creating a sense of movement among the millions who now acclaim him as the best thing that happened to American politics since Jack Kennedy.","So Barack Obama has claimed the unique space within the context of American political destiny and has joined the charismatic authority that attends black messianic figures who become leaders in black America, as well as the quest for political legitimacy that transcends black communities. Because he's not just representing black people; he's representing white people and Latino people, and Asian people. He's representing Americans. And so he's taking it to yet another level in pioneering an even different path than the one blazed by Martin Luther King Jr.  or Jessie Jackson and, to a certain degree, Al Sharpton.","Well, Michael Eric Dyson, thank you.","Thank you very kindly, Farai."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Thank you very kindly, Farai.\" - This turn has no implied meaning beyond its literal meaning of thanking Farai.","questions":"Which name is mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Farai"}
{"text":["And one thing I have learned in writing \"Big Game\" is that the NFL is a big club. We think we know everything; there's all this insider access that the NFL sells. But Colin Kaepernick, Donald Trump - these are outsiders who sort of stormed the club in their own ways. And they try to reveal things. And Colin Kaepernick, by way of this lawsuit, is going to put some very, very uncomfortable people in open court, potentially, in ways that could really expose a lot and sort of open a lot more Pandora's boxes.","Moving on in your book, I infer that Donald Trump might never have become president if the NFL owners had let him buy a football team.","That is the great thought experiment here. Donald Trump - he's tried to get into the NFL for maybe about four decades. If Donald Trump had gotten the Buffalo Bills in 2014, and it's not clear that he was ever close - he was sort of laughed out of the room in some ways - the NFL might have a very different headache or non-headache from the White House. And Donald Trump could be torturing them from within.","Well, why didn't they like his bid for the Bills or any other team he's made over the years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : If Trump owned an NFL team, he would use his position to cause trouble for the NFL","questions":"What is the potential impact of Colin Kaepernick's lawsuit on the NFL?","answer":"Expose"}
{"text":["That is Binyamin Appelbaum. He writes about economics for The New York Times, and he's written a new book, called, \"The Economists' Hour\" that traces what he calls a revolution in the way we think about economists.","This quiet but really important revolution that happens, really, beginning in the late 1960s and the early 1970s, where economists begin to gain tremendous influence over public policy in the United States.","In fact, that young economist who told his wife he had no future at the Fed, that was Paul Volcker. He became one of a small group of economists who made themselves indispensable to U. S.  presidents. Volcker rose to become the chairman of the Federal Reserve in the Carter and Reagan years.","So I asked Appelbaum, how did a bunch of economists go from nobodies to being important people?And he said it's pretty simple. In an era of real economic problems, they promised solutions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Binyamin Appelbaum is a writer for The New York Times and has written a new book about economics.","questions":"What is the title of Binyamin Appelbaum's new book?","answer":"Economists"}
{"text":["People who read the exchange drove from all over to eat at Sichuan Garden, post praise for their food and service and suggest that the Harvard prof had too many degrees and not enough good sense or human grace.","By weeks' end, the sheriff of the Internet had surrendered. It's clear that I was very much out of line, Ben Edelman posted on his website. I am sorry and I intend to do better in the future.","And some Harvard business students, perhaps from chagrin, began a campaign for people to make $4 donations to the Greater Boston Food Bank. Maybe the next time Mr.  Edelman has Chinese food, he'll end the meal with a fortune cookie that says it is sometimes better to be wise then right.","(Singing) Everybody has the right to be wrong at least once. Everybody has the right to be dunce-like once-like. Not being too smart is no disgrace. What sets you apart is smiling with egg on your face."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is aware that there may be differing opinions on the topic being discussed and is acknowledging the possibility of disagreement.","questions":"What did the speaker acknowledge about the topic being discussed?","answer":"Differing"}
{"text":["It does. He talks about it almost every day. He's preparing the ground for it. But a lot of conservatives - and I think this starts with Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell - are deeply concerned about it. They see this border issue - whether they see the border issue as a national emergency or not, they do see such a declaration as a bad precedent, something that a future president could use to do things that conservatives regard as radical, such as higher taxes on the ultra-rich or \"Medicare-for-all. \"","Another week of Roger Stone's wardrobe. Might a judge put an end to his fashion parade?","And to his parade of TV appearances perhaps. There is a federal judge in the District of Columbia contemplating a gag order on this case. That could be a mercy for all concerned, not least Roger Stone's longtime buddy, who is now in the White House.","Thanks so much, Ron Elving, NPR senior political editor."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : parade of tv appearances means the person did a lot of interviews","questions":"Which activity might come to an end with a judge's order according to PersonB in the dialogue?","answer":"TV"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely, absolutely. And I think that before Manny was traded, you say that C. C. was the hands-on favorite, but man, I think the impact that Manny has made on what was a moribund Dodgers team is sensational. I think if the voting was held right now and was fair, I think Manny Ramirez would be the MVP of the National League. What he's done there is incredible.","But it's not going to happen, is it?","Well, if there's justice in the world, and as you and I know there is justice in the world, I think it could happen. I mean, look at what he's done. I mean, he's made - he's helped them make shambles out of that race just because of him. C. C. 's done an excellent job, but Milwaukee is fading. Los Angeles is just becoming strong, and then there's the whole irony of Manny hooking up with his former archrival Joe Torre. And just the idea of these two guys grinding an axe against their former teams, which used to be archrivals, I just think the drama is just too - it's just too delicious. That's why I really think it should be Manny.","All right, let's end this with this connection. Since you've talked about Manny, then you talked about Joe Torre, formerly of the New York Yankees, now let's talk about Yankees stadium, which closes it's doors, last game ever in Yankee Stadium this Sunday. I know that you live close to the ballpark. Are you sad, Mr.  New Yorker?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B implies that the voting wasn't going to happen right there at the moment and won't probably be fair if it was.","questions":"What does PersonB suggest about the possibility of Manny Ramirez winning the MVP of the National League?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["Right. And the car companies wanted a bigger tax credit for consumers to buy their cars, and they didn't get that.","And I think one of the controversies over that is, who do you give it to and what do you give it for?Because you have to remember that GM, Ford and Chrysler build a substantial number of cars in Mexico and Canada. You also have carmakers like Toyota, Honda and Mercedes building cars in the United States. So, would it be American-built or built by an America-based company?And that is part of the reason why we're not seeing that.","So, GM and Chrysler will be unveiling their plans on Tuesday. What if they don't pass muster?What if Treasury doesn't like them?","First of all, the plans that they unveil on Tuesday, they will then have to go back and then finalize the terms by March 31st. There's an expectation by some people in the auto industry that they will go to the Treasury Department, say, your terms are too strict for us. Look at the economy, we can't possibly meet them. And that they'll just rewrite the terms of these loans. In fact, I would say there's a pretty wide expectation of that happening. But when the Bush administration actually gave the loans, they said that the money was meant to possibly pave the way for an orderly Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing. And so, now the question will be, can they actually restructure, or will we see one of these companies file for bankruptcy?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : GM and Chrysler will be revealing their plans on Tuesday and what if they are not good enough or liked by everyone.","questions":"Which day of the week were GM and Chrysler revealing their plans?","answer":"Tuesday"}
{"text":["Yeah, unfortunately, yeah.","Oh, so it's not that laughing at your jokes will make you smart and attractive.","Well, it probably - if you try it probably would help over time. It'll take years, but yeah, it's a limited market kind of book - a niche market.","Well, let me go through some of these cartoons to give people an idea of what we're talking - one early on (laughter) a doctor sitting with a patient in the hospital and he has a ventriloquist dummy on his knee. And he says, I'm afraid Mr.  Bickles has some bad news."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that the book has potential benefits over time, but it may not have widespread appeal and may only appeal to a small or specific audience.","questions":"How would you describe the market for the book? (Answer: limited)","answer":"limited"}
{"text":["Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning.","And what about the value of closed-door sessions?Jared Kushner, the president's son-in-law and top adviser, met with the committee behind closed doors this week. What's the value of that to the committee even as it frustrates the public a bit?","Well, there are pluses and minuses to it. It's best if it's a preparation for a public session. Committee staff, for example, will do a behind-closed-doors questioning very thoroughly and minutely using documents in a way that you don't see so much in a public session. So it can be good preparation. It's also, in this particular situation, it's possible that there's a mixture of classified and non-classified material and you sort that out during the behind-closed-doors.","It sounds like you're describing a dress rehearsal or something like that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The literal meaning of this turn is to ask what is the value of closed-door sessions, however the implied meaning is to question the fairness of closed-door sessions to the public.","questions":"How does the public feel about closed-door sessions?","answer":"frustrates"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. He calls Obama a bad or sick guy. That is an extraordinary thing to hear from a sitting president about his predecessor. We should note there has been no reaction from President Obama yet and no evidence, no confirmation, to support this claim. But it's not going to calm the waters.","Boy, we have investigations that are unfolding at the FBI. There are several committees that are gathering at Capitol Hill. What's the landscape they're looking at right now?","So, as you said, the FBI is investigating. We don't have a lot of visibility into where they are in that investigation or what the time frame is because they don't comment on active investigations. We just know that they are - they're doing them. On the Hill, we have - we know a little bit more. The Intelligence Committees have the lead on investigating all of the Russia stuff. We know they are reviewing documents. They're trying to think about who to call to come testify. And they confirmed this week - the House Intelligence Committee, for example, confirmed they are looking into links between Russia and the campaigns; also looking into all these recent leaks of classified information.","I must say, it doesn't seem like the last scalp has been put on the wall."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"I must say, it doesn't seem like the last scalp has been put on the wall.\" - This turn of phrase implies that the investigation is not yet complete and that there is still more to be done.","questions":"How does the phrase \"scalp on the wall\" relate to the investigation?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["What's this program, Becoming a Man, meant to you and other students and your friends?","It means a lot. It gives you insight of how to be a man and take care of your business and have integrity, visionary goal-setting and respect for one another. It helps you be more aware of who you are and what you could do with your life.","Tell us a bit about your life, could you, and your family.","I'm the youngest of six, which is hard to be sometimes, because you get bossed around by everybody in the house. Come from a single-parent home - my mom. Dad was never around. I have sickle cell anemia, so I persevered over that. We had good times and bad times, you know, just like any other family. But we're very close."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Tell us a bit about your life, could you, and your family.","questions":"How many siblings does PersonA have?","answer":"Six"}
{"text":["Right, I got the love of that from my grandfather. He was a Brooklyn Dodger fan going all the way back to the 1930s. And when I was a kid, I was a Mets fan, and this is in the late '70s or early '80s. There really wasn't a lot of good things to talk about when you're a Mets fan. So I would sit on the porch with my grandfather, and he would start talking to me about the old Brooklyn Dodgers. And, you know, he'd talk about people like Dazzy Vance and Duke Snider and Jackie Robinson, but then he'd start talking about a guy named Pete Reiser. Pete played in the early 1940s. And he would get this glazed look in his eye - this sad, faraway look - when he would tell about Pete Reiser. And he would say that he was probably the best ballplayer that ever played. And I was fairly well-read as a kid on baseball history, but I had never heard of Pete Reiser. So it made me get into baseball history and try to find those players that had an interesting story, which led me to find out what had happened to Pete Reiser and his career.","There are people who will tell you that Pete Reiser was the best of all time, except for the fact he kept running into walls.","He is credited with having five outfield collisions, and 11 times he was carried away off the field on a stretcher. Nine of those times he was unconscious. And today, he's the reason why Major League Baseball has padded outfield walls.","Another name that has been lost to history - Steve Dalkowski."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: The speaker is acknowledging that while some people consider Pete Reiser to be one of the greatest ballplayers of all time, his career was plagued by multiple collisions with outfield walls, which may have prevented him from achieving even greater success.","questions":"What is the reason for Major League Baseball's padded outfield walls?","answer":"Collisions"}
{"text":["Yes. The big topic, of course, is what he'll say about the president's unfounded claims that Barack Obama wiretapped his phones. He has also accused British intelligence of wiretapping his phones on behalf of Barack Obama. There's been no evidence produced for those claims. The British have pushed back against them strongly. People on the Hill say they have not seen any evidence of this, and Comey will be asked about that first and foremost.","OK.  And over at the Senate, the first hearings for President Trump's nomination for the Supreme Court - what kind of reception is he going to get?","Well, that's going to be the big event of the week. Neil Gorsuch, who has been nominated by Donald Trump, is going to be asked a lot of questions about his views on executive power, about Donald Trump's comments disparaging judges and the entire court system. This is one of Donald Trump's most important early initiatives. The Republicans have 52 votes in the Senate. They say if they have to change the rules so they won't need 60 to confirm him, they will do that. So it's going to be very, very hard for the Democrats to stop him. But this is just the first of many, many judicial vacancies that Donald Trump will have the opportunity to fill because of the age of judges on the bench right now and the number of vacancies.","And something else we're looking at, obviously, is what's happening on Thursday - a much anticipated vote in the House. They're voting on the repeal-and-replace legislation for Obamacare. Does Speaker Ryan have the votes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  A: \"the Republicans have 52 votes in the Senate\" - This statement is not referring to physical votes but rather the number of Republican senators in the Senate who are likely to support the nomination.","questions":"Which number is PersonA referring to as \"52\" in turn 2?","answer":"52"}
{"text":["I did.","What's it like?","It's really very beautiful. And I kind of thought to myself when I saw it - he has it in his room and they're sort of in a guest room with a blue bedspread and there are kind of stuffed animals on the bed. It's a very bizarre scene and very Sendak. But I saw it and I thought to myself, who would ever want to own Keats's death mask?And then I looked at it and I realized, like, I know exactly why you would want to own Keats's death mask because in a way, what I was doing in this book was kind of writing death masks.","That urge to preserve the moment - and Annie Leibovitz did it with her famous photographs of Sontag - and Sendak himself drew the people he loved, his partner of many, many years after he died and his family members right before they died. And there's something about capturing that moment in art that I actually do completely understand, both the reason that you'd make Keats's death mask and the reason you'd want to own it.","In the end, Katie, did you come away feeling that you had figured out what, for you, would be a good death, an enviable death?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) - The speaker is suggesting that the woman might have been racist and they needed to take her seriously.","questions":"What was Sendak's inspiration for drawing his loved ones before they died?","answer":"Sendak"}
{"text":["We also heard singer-songwriter Ben Harper on that track. He wrote most of the songs on this album. He produced it. How did you two meet?Why do you think you clicked with him?","Well, Ben had written me a song for one of my other albums - \"Livin' On A High Note. \"And that song was \"Love And Trust\"","(Singing) Do what you can. Do what you must. Everybody's trying to find some love and trust. I walk the line. I walk it for us. See me out here trying to find some love and trust.","I fell so in love with that song. And every time we'd sing it, the audience - they would just roar, you know. It turned out so well. So I - we'd been singing it for a couple of years then. I ran into Ben on the road. That's where we would always meet up - somewhere on the road. And I told him. I said, Ben, that song - you have got to write me another song. He said, well, Mavis, why don't I write you 11 songs?I said, why don't you do that?He said, let's make an album. I said, sounds good to me. You know, I said, I don't know if I could handle 11 good songs from Ben Harper. He said, oh, yeah, you can handle it, Mavis."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  A asks Ben Harper to write another song for her and he ends up writing 11 songs for her album.","questions":"What was the title of the song that Ben Harper wrote for Mavis' previous album?","answer":"LoveandTrust"}
{"text":["How fair or accurate is the idea that Joan Kroc gave away Ray Kroc's money to a lot of places and causes of which he would not have approved?","A lot of old-guard McDonald's people I've talked to are angry that Joan made gifts that, in their estimation, were more liberal-leaning than Ray, perhaps, would've liked, including her million-dollar gift to the Democrats - now - and her active work in the peace movement and building these peace institutes at both Notre Dame and the University of San Diego.","I don't think she did it to spite Ray or to get back at him at all, although I do know that during the course of their marriage, she said she suppressed her politics and her interests in some ways because she didn't want to seem untoward. And yet, that doesn't square up with the fact that she started this alcoholism education charity while Ray was clearly afflicted. So the dichotomy or the juxtaposition of all these odd facts with Joan is what makes her so interesting to me. She was a very complicated person.","Lisa Napoli, her book, \"Ray And Joan: The Man Who Made The Mcdonald's Fortune And The Woman Who Gave It All Away. \""],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies the complexity of Joan's personality and the interesting contradictions in her life and actions.","questions":"Which aspect of Joan's personality is highlighted by the dichotomy and juxtaposition of her odd facts mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Personality"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me, Scott.","Let me begin with what's being called the tarmac summit. Bill Clinton, Attorney General Lynch happened to be at the Phoenix airport at the same time. And Bill Clinton arranged a private meeting, lasted about half an hour, with the attorney general. Your old colleague, David Axelrod, tweeted, quote, \"I take Loretta Lynch and Bill Clinton at their word that their convo in Phoenix didn't touch on probe. But foolish to create such optics. \"How helpful was it for Hillary Clinton, who's so widely seen as untrustworthy, to have her spouse meet with the attorney general while she's under investigation by the Justice Department?","I can't imagine there's one person in America, including in the Clinton campaign, who thinks that was helpful (laughter). But I - look, I think if Bill Clinton had to do it over again he probably wouldn't have walked over to the plane, seeing all the follow-up from the last couple days.","Does it raise a question about what you do with Bill Clinton during the campaign because he is, certainly on the one hand, often called the most talented politician of the modern era. On the other hand, you know, he's got a history of mischief."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  Implies disbelief in the official explanation for the meeting and wanting a better answer.","questions":"Which explanation was disbelieved in the dialogue?","answer":"Official"}
{"text":["Yeah. And, of course, the child actors and their parents want success, too, don't they?They're ambitious.","They're ambitious. They want what it appears is coming easily to everyone else. I was incredibly lucky. My mother was not a stage parent. The boundaries weren't blurred between her career and mine. There are a lot of parents out there willing to look away to let things happen.","The more heartbreaking one to me - no, it's just a different form of heartbreaking - are the parents who are just ignorant to how this business works. And they can be told something like, oh, we all go out to dinner together. Oh, now it's just me and the boy, or now it's just me and the girl.","Among the sentences in your article that chilled me was this one - sexual predation has been part of the movie business since \"The Great Train Robbery,\" and since then, it has been systematically swept under the rug."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"B: You once said to (laughter) a contestant - I wonder if you even remember it. I'm going to do my bad Paul Hollywood imitation now. (Imitating accent) Your ganache lacks shine.\" implies that B is telling a funny story about A's past behavior, specifically about A's imitation of Paul Hollywood's critique of a contestant's ganache. The literal meaning is just a description of B's words and actions.","questions":"What lacks shine according to PersonA's bad Paul Hollywood imitation that PersonB is referring to?","answer":"Ganache"}
{"text":["Absolutely.","But still, I would beg still to point to the affinity between wanting to bake and the significance of bread and grain and its significance as something that supports life as a kind of basic food. And, of course, Christians use unleavened bread - some Christians, at least, in the Western Christian tradition tend to use unleavened bread for every Eucharistic celebration. And that in itself is understood to be an echo of that last supper. So Christians are sort of using a form of matzah throughout the year and celebrating a little Passover every Sunday, in one sense.","What about the journey from slavery to freedom which is part of the Passover celebration?The way that Christians celebrate the journey from death to life which is part of the resurrection of Christ - I mean, are those all parallels that we should pay attention to?","Well, the Easter Vigil itself is really a kind of mini Passover for Christians, I think. Much of its symbolism is specifically about mapping Jesus' narrative - the story of Jesus' connection and his movement from death to life - as a kind of image that parallels that of the Exodus experience so that Jesus becomes Israel itself and his passage from death to life is like the passage through the Red Sea."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Well, the Easter Vigil itself is really a kind of mini Passover for Christians, I think.Much of its symbolism is specifically about mapping Jesus' narrative - the story of Jesus' connection and his movement from death to life - as a kind of image that parallels that of the Exodus experience so that Jesus becomes Israel itself and his passage from death to life is like the passage through the Red Sea.","questions":"Which celebration is the Easter Vigil mapped to?","answer":"Exodus"}
{"text":["Well, I think it was more like blind anger, as anyone would probably if you have, you know, the highest elected person in the land telling you that the - an entire congressional district is rat-infested and miserable and a horrible place when, of course, that's not true. And you have to sort of question his judgment, as this is not hardly the first time he has done something like this.","I'll put it bluntly. Did you take the bait?I mean, it seems like these repeated attacks are designed to cause controversy and to cause the media to engage.","Well, I think you've really hit the nail on the head. That's the - that is the professional problem that we all have in covering this president. But if you have this carefully considered, you know, sort of - you know, this is some academic or intellectual argument, it's going to be - fall on deaf ears as well. So at some point, you know, you have to take the measure of the moment and decide where you're going to go.","And I think, you know, this particular tweet that - actually series of tweets and somewhat echoed again this morning - is just beyond the pale. I mean, it's just so obvious what's going on. It's just not excusable, so you just have to stand up for the people who don't have a voice in this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Hitting the nail on the head means to state the truth. The deaf ears are people that don't want to hear about it.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the argument in the dialogue?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["Not the algorithm?","Not the algorithm. He gets a little credit at the bottom.","How much of what I read every day in the L. A.  Times is written by an algorithm?","Well, the only places we really use it is for, you know, earthquakes, and just the initial reports, and if you are a reader of our homicide report, which tracks every homicide back since 2007, anything that we couldn't get further information on, that we just have basic details on, gets templatized into a robo-post as well."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1), when B says \"Not the algorithm?\" the actual meaning is not just a question about whether or not the algorithm is involved, but also a suggestion that the algorithm may not be the best solution or may have negative consequences.","questions":"What is the underlying implication of PersonB's question in turn 2?","answer":"Amount"}
{"text":["Oil aside, do the two countries have different interests in the region?","Saudi Arabia is particularly worried by the U. S.  trying to reach a nuclear deal with Iran. Saudi Arabia sees Iran kind of backing groups in Syria and in Lebanon and in Yemen and Iraq. And Saudi is seeing itself as increasingly surrounded. And it, you know, Saudis don't really think the U. S.  understands how deeply concerned it is about regional security and about its own security right now.","We understand that there are activists in Saudi Arabia - human rights activists, activists for women's rights, greater women's rights in Saudi Arabia - who had wanted President Obama and other U. S.  officials to kind of step in and voice their concerns. No indication whatever, that happened. Is there disappointment?","There was. Saudi women that I talked to after the visit said they didn't really expect Obama to kind of endanger the makeup visit by bringing women's rights up or just human rights up. And they said in that sense, the trip met their expectations. Saudi activists say that there is a state crackdown going on - on dissent and free speech - since the Arab Spring uprisings. And they say it's kind of a very dark time in the kingdom for them, and they think the U. S.  is not really doing too much to help them out of it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Although the question appears to be asking whether there is disappointment among Saudi activists about President Obama and other U.S. officials not voicing their concerns about human rights in Saudi Arabia, the actual meaning is that the question is raising the issue of whether there is disappointment that such concerns were not voiced during President Obama's visit.","questions":"Which visit?","answer":"Schemers"}
{"text":["One day, Africa appears as a mass of crinkly brown veins. Another, it's become vivid streaks of orange and gold. Crimson and violet squiggles around Australia could be an abstract painting. It seemed that Commander Kelly never got tired of what he could see out the window and what he could make us see in an entirely new way. When the capsule bearing Kelly and cosmonauts Kornienko and Volkov parachuted to a landing in Kazakhstan earlier this month, that fantastic journey came to a close. Back home in Houston, Scott Kelly will be poked and prodded, weighed and measured, all in the name of science. And his terrestrial tweets now bring their own delights. He posted video of his first plunge into a pool.","Man, that feels good.","A few days later, there was Scott Kelly with his arms stretched overhead and a big smile, looking up at a dark sky.","My first rain in more than a year. Awesome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  while the actual meaning of (4) is that Scott Kelly is expressing his joy and appreciation for the experience of feeling rain after such a long time.","questions":"Which experience did Scott Kelly express joy and appreciation for?","answer":"Rain"}
{"text":["One last, I think, pretty blunt question we've got in 40 seconds left - why is President Trump more critical of Alec Baldwin than he is of Vladimir Putin on this week when Putin shows an animated video of Russian missiles smacking Florida?","I, you know - I think if you look at the President Trump style with ISIS as an example - he doesn't like to tip his hand. He was critical of the last administration by declaring departure dates, and so forth and things going on in the Middle East. And I think he's been tougher on Russia and Vladimir Putin than any other administration, at least the last two.","Really?","And so I would say, stay tuned to that. He's pretty predictable in that way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : President Trump avoids tipping his hand and is critical of previous administrations for declaring departure dates.","questions":"Which administration does President Trump criticize for declaring departure dates?","answer":"Previous"}
{"text":["Yeah, bubbly jock. And an owl is a hoolet. And that, again, is based on the sound that it makes. And - but my favorite is a wood pigeon, is a cushie-doo.","That is an absolutely dead-on approximation of its sound.","Isn't it lovely?So a frog is a puddock and sparrow is a speug. So I've never used speug in a sentence, but when I was a boy, we used puddock. So I don't go around trying to convince everybody that my culture's better than theirs, but sometimes it suits my face better. It sits nicely in my mouth.","And explaining your culture, it goes with the way you do your material. You don't tell jokes, per se."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Comparing animals names to the sound they make","questions":"How does PersonA describe the sound of a wood pigeon?","answer":"Lovely"}
{"text":["And you wrote that during your visit in December, you saw exactly one tourist?","That's right. A single woman who had a list of African countries she wanted to check off apparently with no information about any of them. And one of the ministers told me even the backpackers aren't here. So it is just on - there is nothing to do, there's nothing to see, there's no access to anything, there's no roads, there's no infrastructure. They have a park system which exists in theory. You can imagine a fantastic future for going and seeing things in Sudan because they also have, along with oil and water, they also have animals. They have a huge migration, probably the second biggest in the world.","So there's vast grasslands, a swirling long river section of the Nile through the country, enormous herds, large numbers of elephants, many of the things that people care very deeply about but it's in South Sudan so you can't get to it except with an airplane. And they're hoping that in the future of the country there's room for that to become an asset rather than just a leftover of isolation and war-torn times.","You describe a three-day jaunt to go see what might be too. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are a lot of things to see in Sudan, but the country lacks the necessary infrastructure to support tourism.","questions":"Which country lacks the necessary infrastructure to support tourism?","answer":"Sudan"}
{"text":["There's no simple answer to that. What will happen, some of our experiments will be back up and running within two or three weeks. Some of the most complex genetic processes will probably take over a year to get back together. And, you know, disruptions like this push us to think hard about what we want to do and where we want to go.","So I think even though I wouldn't have chosen this - and it really is tremendously sad to have lost our partners in these mice - it's going to push us to think about some new directions which we might not have tried had this not happened. So there is a bit of a silver lining to that.","I wonder if your colleagues are as cheery about this, or at least as optimistic about it as you are.","You know, I've really been impressed and really hardened by the way everyone around me at NYU and people all over the world - I was talking to Ben Crowley(ph) of the New York Times, and I mentioned that I had gotten some 40-odd emails. That's doubled since then. And these are individuals who are offering to give me my own lines back, give me their own lines, to help me with space and resources, to literally take over my experiments until we get back on our feet."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The loss of their partners in mice experiments can lead to new research directions","questions":"What is the potential positive outcome of the loss of their partners in mice experiments?","answer":"New"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. He calls Obama a bad or sick guy. That is an extraordinary thing to hear from a sitting president about his predecessor. We should note there has been no reaction from President Obama yet and no evidence, no confirmation, to support this claim. But it's not going to calm the waters.","Boy, we have investigations that are unfolding at the FBI. There are several committees that are gathering at Capitol Hill. What's the landscape they're looking at right now?","So, as you said, the FBI is investigating. We don't have a lot of visibility into where they are in that investigation or what the time frame is because they don't comment on active investigations. We just know that they are - they're doing them. On the Hill, we have - we know a little bit more. The Intelligence Committees have the lead on investigating all of the Russia stuff. We know they are reviewing documents. They're trying to think about who to call to come testify. And they confirmed this week - the House Intelligence Committee, for example, confirmed they are looking into links between Russia and the campaigns; also looking into all these recent leaks of classified information.","I must say, it doesn't seem like the last scalp has been put on the wall."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"last scalp\" is being used as a metaphor for a definitive conclusion or resolution to a situation or investigation.","questions":"What is \"last scalp\" being used as?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":["The FBI does criminal investigations better than anybody. But again, at some point in time, if you've got a stovepipe there, where the two agencies aren't talking to each other, either in Washington or on the ground you've got a real problem. And there's not an excuse for it, 13, well, 12 years now after 9\/11. You know, this is - supposedly should not be rocket science but somehow it becomes that.","And to solve it, is this executive order or is this something Congress has to get involved with?","Well, this is where, you know, the interagency problem gets to be really challenging because, you know, if you look at the Constitution, every head of agency, you know, if the guy on the ground goes all the way up to his head of agency, they only report to the president. So obviously it's got to be something that the executive authority does, and he has got to delegate that authority if he is not willing to sit there and handle every crisis that comes down the pike. He has got to delegate it to somebody on the ground who can say do this thing. I don't care, you know, I don't want you talking to your agency back home. You're working for me, do it. And. . .","Gary Anderson?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : If you've got something keeping two agencies from talking to one another.  This should not be hard to understand and solve.","questions":"How does PersonA suggest agencies should handle interagency communication issues?","answer":"Delegate"}
{"text":["I think the sentiment has to change. Two years ago, people were very disappointed about the Occupy Movement that after 71 days, and it came back nothing. But now, the Hong Kong person seems to be - Hong Kong people seems to be much more determined, less (unintelligible). So they have been planting the seed in the heart of the young people.","So this time, we see at the midnight of town, you've got the 300-somethings young peoples being arrested and 80% of them are just 16 to 25 years old. So that's - we haven't been expected. We thought the youngster don't care about politics anymore. But it turns out that those young guys are coming out and becoming the front line. The seed had grown, and they were out.","That is Galileo Cheng. He's a social affairs executive for the Hong Kong Catholic Institution Staff Association. He's been out all day, and he's giving us a report from the front lines of the protests.","Galileo Cheng, thank you so much for talking with us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Hong Kong people are more determined this time and the young people are actively participating in politics","questions":"What is the sentiment of the Hong Kong people this time?","answer":"Determined"}
{"text":["Well, it first, you know, it was amphoras of wine coming in from the Etruscan area. The wine press is made out of local limestone. So that indicates that they are, you know, setting up their industry right from the materials that they have at hand. They probably need some help from the Etruscans to lay out the vineyards.","They have to have the grape vine, the domesticated grape vine that was ultimately domesticated in the Near East, that has to be transplanted probably from central Italy over to southern France, and then they have to be - the southern French have to be tutored at first in how to lay out the vineyards and how to make the wine.","How do you get - so they're bringing the roots back, the living vines, with them in a boat?","That's what we think. I mean, we have examples where grape vines are found in moist soil in the hull of the ship, and that would be probably the way it was done."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The grape vine being transplanted doesn't refer literally to one vine, it implies a species of vine.","questions":"How does the grape vine being transplanted refer to the species?","answer":"Species"}
{"text":["I am - my lips are sealed. But let's just say we are a certain kind of gypsy and we - it's very much like a family. When you've been touring together for six months or more and you're all living on a bus, you become very close and very supportive and close in good ways and bad ways.","But we feel very privileged to be able to do what we do. And the places we get to go, the people we get to meet, the stages we get to perform on, it's a privilege. It really is. It's something we don't ever want to take for granted.","I was, again, thinking back to that song, in that leafy neighborhood you described around Washington, D. C.","Well, actually, I was thinking about where I grew up - the first 10 years of my life - in Princeton, New Jersey, when I was describing that. But you're right, very much, lot of leafy neighborhoods in Washington where I have spent most of my life."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : We appreciate the opportunities we get to perform","questions":"Which privilege?","answer":"Perform"}
{"text":[". . . which has its own problems. Arranged marriages are - people are speaking up for them nowadays.","Well, you know, I mean, that that is the time. The woman - he asked the hand of this woman, his late 20s. But this is also because of that, that you can have this kind of melodrama. I mean, \"Romeo and Juliet\" today, it cannot happen because if the father of Juliet today say to Juliet, you cannot marry Romeo; and she say, I don't care. And she will go out and marry him anyway. And if she marries him, then there is no more love story anymore. You know, they marry; then they had a - lots of children.","You know, imagine Romeo and Juliet and they have like, 12 kids. Who would care about their story, you know?","Romeo and Juliet go to Costco. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Who would care about their story, you know?\" The literal meaning of this turn is that if Romeo and Juliet had 12 children, their story would not be as interesting. However, the actual meaning is that the tragedy and romance of Romeo and Juliet's story would be lost if they had lived a long and mundane life with many children.","questions":"How would the story of Romeo and Juliet be affected if they had 12 children?","answer":"Lost"}
{"text":["And why were charter schools exempted from those stipulations in the first place?","It was never in the original law. You got to remember, this law was written in 1992. We were only the second in the country to have one. And there was a lot that was not anticipated. This is before online schools, virtual schools. . .","Yeah.",". . . Existed. It's before remote schools existed. There's just a lot it didn't consider."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"It was never in the original law.\" The literal meaning of this statement is that the stipulations about charter schools were not included in the original law. The implied meaning is that the original law did not anticipate the development of charter schools, so there were no stipulations about them in the law.","questions":"Which law was written in 1992?","answer":"law"}
{"text":["Well, I believe it ran in Automotive News. I'm not sure where else it ran. And I think what the company is trying to do is adopt a tone of, you know, humility and modesty and say, look, we know we've messed up in the past and that sort of thing. It's always a risky kind of thing to do. On the other hand, you know, they might get points from the public or from the politicians for honesty.","I mean, there's two issues here. One is how they're asking for what they're seeking. So I think some sort of attitude of humility here I think is appropriate. But the other issue, and probably the more important issue, is just what they're asking for. So I think, frankly, to ask for an open-ended blank check under some sort of a nebulous oversight board, even if they're asking in a humble tone, it doesn't really get the job done.","The danger here is that this is going to become a never-ending, you know, government-subsidized machine, if you will. The other danger is that conditions will be imposed will be sort of phony symbolic gestures, such as limits on executive pay, which in and of themselves are not going to do anything to revive Detroit.","Paul Ingrassia writes about the automotive industry for the Wall Street Journal. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : government-subsidized machine implies a reason or mean through which actions take place ","questions":"What does \"government-subsidized machine\" imply?","answer":"Reason"}
{"text":["NPR's Tovia Smith has been following the story from Boston and joins us now. Tovia, let's begin with what you saw in court today.","Well, Felicity Huffman actually broke down in tears in court as she explained to the judge that her daughter knew nothing about the scam and that her daughter's accommodation for extra time on tests was legit. But she then pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit mail fraud, admitting that she paid $15,000 to get her daughter's SAT scores boosted by having someone correct the answers after the daughter took the test.","And we know Huffman is among the most high-profile of defendants, along with the other Hollywood star Lori Loughlin, but another parent also pleaded guilty in court today, and that is LA businessman Devin Sloane, who was involved in a different angle of this scam. He paid bribes to get his son recruited to the USC water polo team even though the son was never a competitive player. And the dad went so far as to get someone to photoshop pictures of his son to look like he was. And he paid $250,000 in bribes that were disguised as charitable donations.","Sloane and Huffman are among 20 parents, coaches, others to plead guilty. What are they hoping for?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"broke down in tears\" - Literal meaning: Felicity Huffman physically collapsed into tears. Actual meaning: Felicity Huffman became emotional and started crying.","questions":"What did Felicity Huffman do in court?","answer":"cried"}
{"text":["Are there any good reasons to use this?","There is a separate group here working on storing data in DNA. It turns out that DNA is really robust for long-term storage, whereas, you know, hard drives may die after a few years. You can conceivably store data in DNA for hundreds or thousands of years. And as long as life continues to be based on DNA, we'll always have a reason to read and write DNA. So it's sort of a technology that won't go obsolete.","So, I mean, we underscored the aspect of some kind of mischief or outright miscreants. But I wonder, you know, a few years from now, instead of having hard drives or storage systems, will people just carry around that information in themselves, in their DNA?","I'm not sure that people will carry around that information within them. But I do believe people will start using DNA for sort of long-term storage. So accessing data from DNA and putting data into DNA is a pretty slow process. And so you'll want to, you know, archive photos in there and things like that. But you won't want to use it for your day-to-day tasks, at least not for the foreseeable future."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : ) Implied meaning: DNA is a reliable storage option for long-term archiving of data","questions":"Which technology is reliable for long-term storage?","answer":"DNA"}
{"text":["He was an amazingly debonair guy. He was a man of society, as I came to figure out. He was a guy who attended functions at The Plaza for the Soldiers, Sailors, Marine Corps and Airmen's Association, the Petroushka Ball at the Waldorf, the Russian Nobility Ball, the Viennese Waltz Ball - all of these crazy events that, frankly, I had never heard of, but he was - had long-standing involvement with.","And he - this was his life.","This was his life. He was the organizer of these things. He would orchestrate table settings. He was the man at the door who would greet everybody. You know, he actually invited my wife and I to one of these events one time. It was one at The Plaza. And there stood Alan, right behind the reception table as you walked in: tuxedo, tails, you know, medals on his chest. He had served in the Air Force. And he - you know, he was the host of this whole universe, really. I mean, he was involved in numerous events like this.","And among those phone messages, you used to get messages from women named Muffy explaining what a grand, smashing time they'd had."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The man was the host and organizer of social events, well-dressed and decorated with medals.","questions":"How was the man described at social events?","answer":"Host"}
{"text":["Well, what it does is it does away with the prohibition against rating on pre-existing conditions, meaning that if you have a pre-existing condition - and about a third of us do - that you could be charged a much higher rate for insurance. So let me give you an example. Somebody is working, they have insurance, and they have a catastrophic illness - cancer, some other calamity. They have to stop working because they need to get their condition taken care of. If they're out for 60 days, they lose their insurance. And now, they have to pay whatever the insurance company decides is the premium because they are - now have a pre-existing condition. Somebody in that situation may never be able to accumulate enough money to pay the very high premiums and get back on the cycle of having continuous insurance coverage.","Now, of course, Speaker Ryan looks forward to what are called now high-risk pools. These would be plans that are essentially devoted to try and accommodate people who have expensive and pre-existing conditions. You're not convinced that would do it.","Well, I think that the problem with those is in the fine print. First of all, very often they are not adequately funded. And many of the high-risk pools have lifetime caps, lifetime limits.","What kind of reforms would you like to make?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Implies that the high-risk pools are often not sufficiently funded and\/or have limits on coverage","questions":"What is the issue with high-risk pools according to turn 2?","answer":"Funding"}
{"text":["So in some senses, it's unverifiable. You know, I guess one of the best ways to think about this memorandum is that when asked, Devin Nunes refused to share this memo either with the DOJ - or the Department of Justice - or the FBI - the very people accused in the memo, or with the Republican chairman of the Senate intelligence committee. So that tells you a little bit about his level of confidence in the allegations that are made.","Apparently, Democrats are drafting their own memo in response to this memo. So now we're going to have dueling memos?What's in that one?","Well, we haven't completed it yet, but it will be a memorandum which points out the factual inaccuracies in the original one. Again, it's a bit sensitive because in - there's sort of an evil genius to this first memorandum because it does make reference to very highly classified intelligence that almost nobody has seen. But in as much as we can, we'll try to lay out the facts around these acquisitions - sorry, these allegations. And, again, just make the point that, you know, along with, you know, the belief that there was wiretapping of Donald Trump, you know, that there was improper unmasking - this is the latest in a steady stream of unfounded allegations designed to undermine the FBI in particular.","I'd like to understand a little bit about what the committee, at this point, is doing in the House that is investigating collusion between Russian operatives and the Trump campaign. It's been nearly a year. Have you found an - evidence of any crimes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The first memorandum makes unfounded allegations to undermine the FBI.","questions":"Which organization is being undermined in the first memorandum?","answer":"FBI"}
{"text":["If you dig into this latest employment report, the unemployment rate for those with a college degree is roughly half of the national average. But a new report by the nonprofit Center for College Affordability and Productivity says that roughly half of those college graduates who have jobs are now working jobs that don't require a college degree. People with Ph. D. s. are driving taxis and waiting on tables. They are earning much less than expected, and certainly bargained for when they began to rack up college debts. Dr.  Richard Vedder co-authored the study. He's also a distinguished professor of economics at Ohio University and joins us from member station WOUB in Athens, Ohio. Dr.  Vedder, thanks so much for being with us.","Glad to be with you, Scott.","Help us understand what this means.","Well, it means there's a lot of people that are going to college, I suspect most of them with expectations that upon graduation they will make a pretty good living and live sort of an upper middle-class American life. But instead, a lot of them are getting jobs upon graduation working as bartenders, taxi drivers - a million of them are retail sales clerks, 115,000 of them are janitors. They're getting jobs that I'm fairly certain are less than what they're expected when they began the college experience."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone or choice of words may suggest that they have reservations or doubts about a particular topic or decision.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the job prospects of college graduates?","answer":"Less"}
{"text":["Yeah, it was. And you know, people did everything from bringing full-on sleeping bags to wearing what looked like, you know, fall clothes for a stroll in the park. People had very different strategies about what they were going to bring. They had very different understandings of what the security lines would let them bring in. There were huge piles of debris afterwards from things people couldn't bring onto the Mall. You know, it was organized chaos. I mean, it went off really smoothly considering, but there was certainly moments where people didn't completely know what to do, but there was no one who I've heard of who had a bad time. The only time that things are bad here is when you're trying to catch a taxi because there aren't any.","Well, you know, Metro police said there were no arrests, at least initially, as a result of all those people being there, which is remarkable in and of itself. You could have that large a crowd and everyone be that well behaved.","People were amazing. I saw these young brothers last night, and they were like, where's the Mall?And this is one o'clock in the morning. And I went, oh, there's not going to be any parking over there. They're like, we just drove from Chicago. Where's the Mall?I was like, that way. So, people just brought their A-game.","All right. Farai, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite the chaos, people had a good time at the event.","questions":"Which word describes the overall feeling of the people at the event?","answer":"Remarkable"}
{"text":["They're all priceless.","Exactly.","Tell us about the priceless ones in your collection. How many do you have in your collection?","We have about - in excess of 1,800 different meteorites. If you consider. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Indicating that they are priceless means that they have high value.","questions":"How are the meteorites described in turn 0?","answer":"High"}
{"text":["Hobbes wrote about the challenges his generation faces in a December article for Highline, which is put out by the Huffington Post. Its headline, \"Millennials Are Screwed,\" caught our attention this week. And we asked Hobbes to explain his pessimistic prediction.","Healthcare, housing and education are more than five times more expensive than they were for our parents. There are fewer steady jobs. Wages have stagnated since the 1970s. I mean, I can go on and on and on. And so its weird that we're constantly talking about how millennials should do this differently, and millennials should do that differently. But we dont talk that much about - hey, the country around us can do some things differently, too.","So you obviously believe that the baby boomers messed up your life?How did they do that?","Well, I've gotten a lot of emails since the article came out from boomers that are saying, we've fallen off the ladder, too. And if you're 55 years old, there's a lot of discrimination for getting back into the workforce. But what we're seeing is that those impacts are concentrated on the young. So I think there's really three paradigm shifts. The first one is work has become much lower quality, basically - that there's fewer decent jobs now. Many of the jobs that are available are contingent work or sort of have been farmed out to contractors. Many fewer jobs provide things like pension, benefits or health care these days."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"caught our attention\" means that something drew our interest, not that it physically grabbed us.","questions":"How did the headline \"Millennials Are Screwed\" catch our attention?","answer":"Interest"}
{"text":["Thank you.","Why do you think more teens are identifying as transgender or gender nonconforming?","Well, I think there's been a long history of advocacy and fighting for that visibility. And there's more media attention and celebrities coming out. That has increased visibility. And with more schools having more GSAs and clubs, it gives youth a chance to feel like they can talk about their gender exploration and live more like their authentic self.","To what extent do you see this study as a reflection of teens feeling more comfortable in diverse gender identities versus teens sort of experimenting with their identities and how they describe themselves?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is asking A to distinguish between teens who experiment with gender identities and those who genuinely feel comfortable identifying outside of traditional gender roles.","questions":"Which study is PersonB asking PersonA to reflect on in their conversation?","answer":"study"}
{"text":["Coming from the black holes. But in these cases, the population of the universe is organized according to progeny, according to inheritance. There's a lot of structure. And we can use that structure to make predictions, as I was describing. What I'm against, and what I argue - and what I think nobody's really answered these arguments. What I argue is that to postulate that our universe is simply one of a population of simultaneously existing universes that have no relation to each other, and that just have randomly chosen laws, that idea takes us outside of science, because it's not verifiable or falsifiable.","No postulate - no hypothesis about those other universes can be checked experimentally, because they don't - they have no influence on our own. And I think it's very important to draw a distinction between making up stories that might be true and science.","You know, the rock-and-roll band They Might Be Giants has a song about what's science and what's not that I think nails the matter. So if a rock-and-roll band can understand it, I think anybody can understand it.","In other words, you're saying what - science requires that you are able to make predictions about your theory and test them. And you're saying this multiverse can't really be tested. So it's more a theoretical belief in something than being a scientifically valid theory."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A doesn't literally think the rock song proves anything about who can comprehend science. The implication is the concept of what science is should not be hard for ordinary people to understand.","questions":"Which band has a song about what's science and what's not according to A?","answer":"MightBeGiants"}
{"text":["I think it does make a difference. Different presidents, Lyndon Johnson and Carter, did a great deal in adding blacks to the - at least, district court bench, not as much on the appellate courts. So, I think it is a little easier. You have one man. If he is dedicated to the idea of having a diverse judiciary, and they're lifetime appointments, you're Article Three judges, so you do have a better chance.","On the state level, it tends to be so local with local prejudices and wants. In Ohio, we were talking about, there's a name game going on. Seats constantly being taken by guys with the same name. And a lot of people, in elected places, don't know who the judges are.","When you have 40 judges on the common pleas court bench, the odds that you don't know who they are, what they represent because they can't say anything really profound in their campaigning other then I will be fair and impartial, you don't know about their background. It's a difficult thing to do.","All of this said, given your experience, what do you think that some African-American judges can bring, first of all, in the courtroom, dealing with people who are accused of crimes, but secondly, among their colleagues."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"adding blacks to the - at least, district court bench\" - Literal meaning: appointing black judges to the district court bench. Actual meaning: Increasing diversity in the judiciary.","questions":"How did different presidents contribute to a diverse judiciary?","answer":"judges"}
{"text":["Well, the Chinese vice premier, Liu He, who is very high up in the government, came to Washington Thursday. The two sides met Thursday evening, then again on Friday. They broke off rather early in the afternoon saying they would meet again at some point in the future. But there hasn't been any meeting scheduled at this point, although President Trump is supposed to meet with Chinese President Xi Jinping at the G-20 summit in Japan in June.","You know, at the beginning of the week, President Trump put out some angry tweets accusing the Chinese of reneging on some commitments they had made. What do we know about that?","I think, in general, there's a real feeling in the Trump administration that China has a history of making promises about changing its business practices and then not following through on them, especially on issues like intellectual property theft and the forced transfer of technology. So there's been a lot of unhappiness about that. And then, this week, the president said because of the - China had reneged on its commitments, he was prepared to raise existing tariffs on $200 billion worth of Chinese imports from 10 to 25 percent. And that actually happened on Friday.","And the president said today that he wants even more tariffs on China. Would it be fair to assume that China might retaliate, and, if so, how?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies that the Trump administration strongly disapproves of China's behavior regarding intellectual property theft and the forced transfer of technology.","questions":"Which issue has caused a lot of unhappiness in the Trump administration regarding China's business practices?","answer":"Intellectual"}
{"text":["What - the more typical word that I hear from younger evangelicals is a sense of not knowing what to do. Many of them can't in good conscience vote for either Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton. And I think that it's going to take several months before we even know what the answer to that is going to be.","Can you explain what part of Donald Trump's message is working with religious voters so that they would overlook maybe even some of their basic Christian beliefs to support him?","Well, I think it is the fact that many religious conservatives believe that the Republican Party has not only taken them for granted but made fun of them behind closed doors. And so I've heard from those who are supporting Trump their vote for Trump is really a vote to kind of shut the entire system down and start all over again. I think that's a very common sentiment.","Russell Moore of the Southern Baptist Convention, thanks so much for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn that has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning is (2) when B asks, \"Can you explain what part of Donald Trump's message is working with religious voters so that they would overlook maybe even some of their basic Christian beliefs to support him?\" The literal meaning of the question is straightforward, ","questions":"Which religious group does Russell Moore of the Southern Baptist Convention represent?","answer":"Southern"}
{"text":["Many of the trees were completely defoliated. It's crunchy leaves. It's trees uprooted. You see the moss has all dried. So it's a shock to the system. And it takes many, many years - could be a century or two when we see full recovery of tree species on those areas.","What about all of the animal life?Could you tell how badly it was affected if things survived?","We saw some birds that had died. And then, days later, we were able to see some of the birds kind of flying around. They're very, very visual because they have these bright greens and colors that you can pick up from the brown background. And they are just scavenging for fruits right now.","We mentioned that Puerto Rico depends heavily on rainfall coming through El Yunque. How does the defoliation of all the trees there affect the water supply?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The birds were trying to find food in the aftermath of the destruction caused by the storm.","questions":"Which animals were scavenging for fruits?","answer":"Birds"}
{"text":["Now, again, I spent my life being hassled by white cops. And the first thing I thought was, do you mean to tell me after everything I've been through, that St.  Peter is a white cop?That was the first thing that went through my mind.","Oh, my gosh. Well, that is a clear sign of your sense of humor. Brian, just stay with us. We won't keep you too much longer. Brian Copeland is the author of the book and creator of the production \"Not a Genuine Black Man. \"","And next on NEWS & NOTES, if you or someone you love is struggling with depression or mental illness, where do you turn?We've got two medical experts with a long history of promoting mental health. Plus, we read from your letters.","I'm Farai Chideya, and this is NEWS & NOTES. This month, we are focusing on the critical issue of mental health. We're also speaking with Brian Copeland, the author of the book and creator of the production \"Not a Genuine Black Man. \""],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Where do you turn\" implies that you need someone to talk to about an issue.","questions":"How does \"Where do you turn?\" suggest a need for support?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["They survived, but it's not like they were back at a comfortable hospital stateside within a few weeks is it?","No, their reward for surviving was Japanese captivity. And you know, what lay ahead for them was famously fictionalized in the movie \"The Bridge On The River Kwai,\" the so-called Burma-Thailand Railway, which was a - it was a war crime, really. These POWs were set to work for the Japanese, building this railroad through the jungle up in Burma and Thailand. And it was a case, literally, of the survivors in some sense envying the dead. 20 percent of the survivors would die in captivity. And so out of that 1,100-man crew, fewer than 300 came home.","It seems good here to remember the words that President Roosevelt said after the sinking, quote, \"our enemies have given us the chance to prove that there will be another USS Houston and yet another USS Houston, if that becomes necessary. And still another USS Houston, as long as American ideals are in jeopardy. \"","Well, he spoke those words, I believe, it was on Memorial Day, 1942. The president had a special relationship with this ship and its crew. Four times during the '30s he took world cruises on the Houston. It got to the point where when he called the Navy Department and said, bring the boat around, the admirals on duty knew exactly which ship he meant; he meant the Houston."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3), \"It seems good here to remember the words that President Roosevelt said after the sinking, quote, 'our enemies have given us the chance to prove that there will be another USS Houston and yet another USS Houston, if that becomes necessary. And still another USS Houston, as long as American ideals are in jeopardy.'\"  The literal meaning is simply a quote from President Roosevelt about the USS Houston and its crew. However, the implied meaning is that the quote represents the resilience and determination of the American people in the face of adversity and how they will continue to fight for their ideals even in the most difficult of circumstances. It is a call to action and a reminder of the sacrifices made by those who fought for their country.","questions":"What did President Roosevelt say after the sinking of USS Houston?","answer":"Quote"}
{"text":["What happens if you and all of your neighbors don't get your corn into the field?Like I say, as you've told me now, you've got like only about a fraction in the ground if what you normally would have at this time of year. Are we going to - forgive me for being selfish about it - are we not going to have corn this summer to go with our barbecues and everything else or what?What's going to happen?","The corn the majority of the Midwest grows goes toward feeding pigs, feeding cows, feeding a lot of different livestock, also goes toward corn oil and ethanol and various products that are on our store shelves. Long story short, we're looking at lower supply, which should increase the price if the demand stays the same.","But before we let you go, I mentioned that you're a fourth-generation farmer. And I presume that you've talked to your parents about the rain situation, the heavy rains. Have they ever seen anything like this before?","No. This is relatively unprecedented. I was talking to a neighbor here the other day about the drought in 2012. And, you know, we had a really short crop in 2012 because it got so hot and so dry. The corn crop didn't amount to anything, but at least we were able to get it in the ground. When you go out into a situation like this where we can't get the seed into the ground, it's worse than a drought for the fact that, you know, you don't even have a chance."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The shortage of corn may lead to a price increase in the market.","questions":"How may the shortage of corn affect the market?","answer":"Price"}
{"text":["Yes.","And even lesbians, people like Ellen, who are incredibly powerful in Hollywood, and in the entertainment industries across the board. Why is that not the case for - why can't there be the equivalence in the African-American world?","Yeah, you're absolutely correct, you know, and I state those claims before, you know, and - you know, like a Bill Ga - I mean David Geffen, Ellen, Rosie, George Michael, John - Elton John, Lance Bass, like a lot of these people, you know, unfortunately are white counterparts, and colleagues are able to come out of the closet.","Their community supports them, because as I expressed in my book, they have a nurturing environment, where for them, sex and sexuality has always been a dialog and a discussion within their community. They have communities where they exist, and they help support one each other - one another, especially (unintelligible) in Los Angeles, you have West Hollywood. In Atlanta, you know, you have the Midtown area. In D. C. , you have Dupont, San Francisco. New York, you have Chelsea."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : White counterparts in the entertainment industry are more accepted than African-Americans.","questions":"Which industry is more accepting of white counterparts than African-Americans?","answer":"Entertainment"}
{"text":["So they've also gone after defense contractors. So there - in that case, the motivation, of course, is military secrets and as well espionage, economic, you know, gains. And they've also targeted law firms, particularly law firms that are engaged in litigation in China or engaged in mergers and acquisitions so that they can obtain market information.","So there is an economic goal, here. There is a military goal. There is also what seems to be - there's a security goal and an image goal, public relations, if you will.","Yes. Like I said, it's multiple. They're going after - you know, it seems like this is an industry. And, you know, I'm hesitant to point a finger at China, because it's very easy to point the finger at China. And it's also very easy to make an attack appear to come from China when it's not coming from China. So, you know, and speaking in broad terms, you know, what we know of the attack, that they are coming from China, it appears that it is, you know, a very big industry there.","And we should note that Chinese deny it. I'm not sure that anybody holds any great belief in that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : China.And it's also very easy to make an attack appear to come from China when it's not coming from China.So, you know, and speaking in broad terms, you know, what we know of the attack, that they are coming from China, it appears that it is, you know, a very big industry there.","questions":"Which country is being discussed in turn 2?","answer":"China"}
{"text":["So Iran, I think, is going to respond to what it sees as its advantage. If the Trump administration were prepared to say we're going to remove a good part of the sanctions on Iran if you will sit down at the table, I think Iran would probably take that very seriously. The Trump administration, because of its opposition to the nuclear deal, created a crisis that really wasn't necessary.","And it could get worse. There is a real chance of misperception and misunderstanding that leads to military conflict. And I think this is something that nobody wants.","That's Gary Sick. He's a senior research scholar at Columbia University's Middle East Institute. Mr.  Sick, thank you so much for talking to us.","It was a pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There is a risk of military conflict due to misunderstandings.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the crisis that was created by the Trump administration?","answer":"Crisis"}
{"text":["Which he said, actually, publicly.","Well, yeah. But then to go one step further and say we recognize Russia's sovereignty over Crimea - now, that will be an astonishing step. I think the more sinister and conspiratorial version is that Trump basically says to Putin that he no longer believes in NATO, that America has got no intention of honoring its Article 5 commitment to intervene if a NATO ally is attacked and effectively says, look. Vladimir, Europe is U. S. -free of influence. If you want to do some kind of adventure in the Baltics or revisit Ukraine or do something else, we are not going to intervene.","Is there a concern within Europe at this point about the relationship between President Putin and President Trump?","I think concern doesn't really capture it. I think it's worse than that. I think it's dismay because you have to bear in mind that what happened in the United States in 2016 has also happened on the European continent and continues to happen. And it's working. I mean, that's not to say that it's just Russia that is creating these forces. But what Putin is doing very cynically and very cleverly is to instrumentalize fault lines in European society over Brexit, over the economy, over austerity and to encourage populism. So we now have a far-right government in Italy, in Hungary, in Poland. And, essentially, Russia likes all this very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Fault lines are ways that people will get shaken up over events that are being caused by Putin.","questions":"What is Putin instrumentalizing in European society?","answer":"Fault,Lines"}
{"text":["Well, when it first was set up - it was set up to run international finance. And we had a very tightly regulated system of exchange rates and countries - if they wanted to change their exchange rate, had to get permission from the IMF. And so that was - I mean, that's a very powerful role. And this is all countries, this is not just poor countries. And that whole system collapsed in the early 1970s. But since then, as financial crises have proliferated, the IMF has stepped in as the principal emergency doctor for countries in trouble and it tries to figure out how the country has to change its behavior so that its finances get put on a more sustainable basis.","Where did it get its money?","The best way of thinking of the IMF is it's like a credit union that countries put deposits into the IMF, and then the IMF uses those deposits to help countries in trouble. And it's got about 400 billion of deposits and another 400 to 500 billion of borrowings. And that gives it close to a $1 trillion, which it can then apply to helping the poorer members who've got themselves into trouble.","You visited a couple of IMF missions - how popular are they in countries where they've taken a major role?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: How does the IMF have the financial resources available to help countries in trouble?","questions":"What is the analogy used by \"A\" to explain how the IMF has the financial resources to aid countries in need?","answer":"Creditunion."}
{"text":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president was showing a lack of seriousness for the Puerto Rican crisis.","questions":"How was the president's response to Puerto Rico's debt crisis?","answer":"Dismissive"}
{"text":["They were still very poor. She still was saddled with this really enormous burden of caring for a child who's both extremely physically disabled and HIV positive, and I think she really struggled with - you know, she wanted to live, and she still is doing very well, but she also - she had these demons that kept pursuing her, I think.","You have a really interesting section where you talk about basically ethical decisions that reporters have to make. And, in essence, you say reporters, most reporters, wouldn't think anything of taking a government minister out for a fancy dinner, but they wouldn't buy mealy-meal and vegetables for a poor family. And yet they're extracting the same, if not more, amounts of information from the poor family as from the government minister.","You made a decision in some of these cases to really try to help the family. How did you make that decision?","Well, I mean, I think I realized from the very beginning when I was starting the process of doing research for this book that I wasn't going to be able to maintain a completely objective journalistic stance, you know, if the idea was to go back again and again over a long period. And you know, one of the advantages of writing a book as opposed to a newspaper article or something shorter is that you do have the luxury of being able to explain that relationship to the readers."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase \"she had these demons that kept pursuing her\" in turn (1) is an idiomatic expression that means she had personal issues or problems that continued to affect her.","questions":"What was the burden that the woman mentioned in turn (0) had to bear?","answer":"Burden"}
{"text":["Well, I was there at the time and I didn't think that Ukraine would take off at all. The first problem was that there were no good economic thinkers at all in Ukraine. All the thinking was really done in Moscow. And the other part was political, that Ukraine came together through a coalition of Ukrainian nationalists in the West who wanted to have an independent state and the old corrupt nomenklatura who wanted to stay in power, and in effect they did.","Hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians have been camping out in downtown Kiev, calling for change, more of a turn towards the West. What do you make of the protest movement when you have this agreement?Is it the kind of thing that in the West we might see and identify with and therefore maybe exaggerate the strength?","Well, what this is, is not about trade agreement - that's the lesser part. It's about European values. It's about democracy and rule of law. Ukrainians are tired of corruption and poor governance. They want to live as in Europe.","You wrote a book in 2009, \"How Ukraine Became a Market Economy and Democracy. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"It's about European values.It's about democracy and rule of law.Ukrainians are tired of corruption and poor governance.They want to live as in Europe.\"","questions":"What specifically do Ukrainians want to live as?","answer":"As"}
{"text":["It was you coming forward that helped open the floodgates in that case with Larry Nassar. Do you believe there are other abuse cases in the Southern Baptist Church that have yet to come to light?","Oh, absolutely. You know, survivors live in silence for so long. And one of the reasons that they do - the main reason they do is because they watch how society talks about abuse. And they watch how our culture treats abuse victims. And that's one of the primary things we need to change. We have to let them know that they are safe when they come forward before they're going to be able to speak up. Our cultural and societal response to those survivors who have spoken up is really going to set the tone for whether or not others feel free to come forward.","And may I ask, as someone who's prominently working on this within the church while obviously wanting to respect the anonymity of people coming forward, do women come to you and tell you their stories?","They do all the time. And oftentimes, I am the first disclosure. And I consider that an absolute privilege to be trusted with their stories. It's not something I ever take for granted."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Being the first disclosure for a survivor is a privilege","questions":"Which experience does PersonA consider an absolute privilege?","answer":"First"}
{"text":["We get the impression from the reporting of our colleague Adrian Florido in Puerto Rico that this was - the protests that drove out the governor, they were a protest against the governor but really against the whole political system. And the descriptions you've just given of the various positions would seem to back that up. Does anybody have credibility to take the job?","I think there are people that do have the credibility and that have the experience. But I - it's not clear to me that political leadership has heard the message that has been delivered loud and clearly by the thousands, in some cases hundreds of thousands of Puerto Ricans that took to the street to let, you know, their distaste and their indignation known.","What do you mean they haven't heard the message - meaning that the political leadership doesn't understand how angry people are?","I think that that could be the case, and it is demonstrated by the fact that there are reports of backroom dealing over who could be that next secretary of state that could take over the governor's position."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : heard the message meaning seen what was meant by the actions of","questions":"What was the message that political leadership might not have heard according to A?","answer":"Distaste"}
{"text":["What do your members want?","Well, they want the right to sit down and negotiate their terms and conditions of employment with the university. And just like any other workers, they have serious concerns about the way they're paid, how much they're paid, what their benefits are and how they resolve problems on the job. So these workers, you know, see an advantage to having the opportunity to sit down as equals at the bargaining table.","It sounds like they want more money and more benefits?","Well, certainly, those are key issues. But they're not the entire set of issues that they have, you know?There have been longstanding problems at the university in, you know, getting paid on time, getting ability to resolve a problem with your supervisor, dealing with issues of sexual harassment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The workers are looking for more than just monetary benefits and want to ensure they are being treated fairly and have the right to negotiate their terms.","questions":"Which word describes what issues, besides monetary benefits, the workers are concerned with?","answer":"Longstanding"}
{"text":["No. From a technical point of view and economic point of view, I think objectively one would say no. Psychologically and politically at this point, because this issue had become central for more than 10 years, if they give up on that, they would lose politically. So, at this point, it's a political psychological necessity.","They want to be able to say we're - we made a real deal, we're a real country, we can enrich uranium if we want.","Exactly.","Is that a good technical - technically speaking, given your knowledge in this area, is that a good precaution for so many nations to have?I mean, what's the step between nuclear enrichment for peaceful purposes and developing a bomb?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"They want to be able to say we're - we made a real deal, we're a real country, we can enrich uranium if we want.\"  The speaker is suggesting that the desire for the ability to enrich uranium is not solely motivated by a practical need, but also by a desire for national prestige and recognition as a \"real country.\" The implied meaning is that there may be political and symbolic reasons behind a country's pursuit of nuclear capabilities, not just technical or practical ones.","questions":"What is the suggested motivation behind a country's pursuit of nuclear capabilities mentioned in turn 1?","answer":"National"}
{"text":["On Africa Update, it's been over a week since the elections in Zimbabwe, and still no results. But one thing seems clear: the current president, Robert Mugabe, is going to fight to stay in power. Plus, relief agencies say fighting in Somalia is the worst in 15 years.","For more, we've got Roxanne Lawson. She's director of Africa Policy for TransAfrica Forum.","Hi, Roxanne.","Hi. How are you doing?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"For more, we've got Roxanne Lawson. She's director of Africa Policy for TransAfrica Forum.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that the news program has brought in Roxanne Lawson as a source of information. The implied meaning is that Roxanne Lawson is an expert on African politics and will provide insight and analysis on the current situation in Zimbabwe and Somalia.","questions":"Which organization is Roxanne Lawson associated with?","answer":"TransAfrica"}
{"text":["Well, we think that the individual insurance markets need to be stabilized. There needs to be certainty. Right now, the insurance companies are putting together their plans for rating the 2018 insurance products, and they have no certainty from Congress regarding the support for insurance premiums for lower income people. Without knowing those, they don't know how to price their policies, and they're going to price them very high. So the bit - that's the biggest thing that needs to be addressed right now.","Dr.  Gurman, I move to ask you a question, both as a physician with a practice and the head of the AMA, how much time do you have to spend on matters that have nothing to do with medicine?","Well, unfortunately, a lot. We know from doing detailed studies where we actually follow doctors and minute to minute with a stopwatch find out what they're doing. The doctors are spending less than half of their time actually taking care of patients. So it's a big problem.","And how would you reduce that bureaucracy, though?Because, you know, bureaucracies run on (laughter) run on a paper trail in a sense."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) A: The speaker implies that the lack of certainty from Congress regarding support for insurance premiums for lower income people is causing instability in the individual insurance markets, which is leading insurance companies to price their policies very high.","questions":"What is causing instability in the individual insurance markets?","answer":"certainty"}
{"text":["(Reading) It should be pointed out that the Runyon Street homicides remain under active investigation. This office dismissed the case against Sanford because we were unable to retry the case. This dismissal is not the same as exoneration. It must be emphasized that Vincent Smothers has had several opportunities to testify under oath to exonerate Sanford but each time has refused.","So how do you respond to that?","It's hard to know what to make of that statement. My first response is that the attorney general - so the top prosecutor of the state of Michigan - has found that Davontae Sanford is innocent and has accepted that fact and agreed to award him over $400,000 in compensation. Vincent Smothers has declared that he is guilty and has said in a sworn affidavit that Davontae Sanford had nothing to do with it. My understanding is that none of the people to whom Smothers pointed have been prosecuted or indeed will be prosecuted by Kym Worthy.","Every now and then over the years, I've talked to prosecutors about exoneration cases. And they often say, look, they were legally convicted by a jury. The conviction was upheld on appeal. You can't make the legal system work if it's vulnerable to people showing up years after the fact sometimes, changing their testimony or even confessing - because that can be problematic."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Prosecutors sometimes prioritize finality over justice, even when faced with new evidence.","questions":"What do some prosecutors prioritize over justice?","answer":"finality"}
{"text":["You're listening to SCIENCE FRIDAY. I'm Ira Flatow. Thinking about hitting the gym or going out for a jog this weekend?Well, we all need some kind of motivation to get us going, right?We make the plan. Well, here's a reason to do it, to stick to those plans. Researchers have found that aside from helping us burn calories and shed pounds, exercise changes the DNA, changes the DNA in our muscle fibers, which raises all kinds of questions. Just how do workouts change DNA?","Do we pass on those DNA changes to our offspring?And how do those modifications affect muscle strength and metabolism?Well, here to talk about it is Dr.  Juleen Zierath. She is a co-author of the study in the journal Cell Metabolism, and professor of clinical integrative physiology at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. And she joins us from there. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Well, hi, Ira. Thank you for your interest in our work.","We're very interested, because I don't think anybody has ever given two-minutes thought that exercise changes your DNA."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is actually expressing gratitude and appreciation for the host's interest in their work.","questions":"How is the speaker responding to the host's interest?","answer":"Gratitude"}
{"text":["People are still there, and people are still very defiant. I think that's really the only word you can use for people who've spent the last month fasting during Ramadan in extremes of heat. And they now say that we will not step down; we will not stand back until this military council has been deposed.","Well, now the military is saying we're going to stall these negotiations. Any agreement that we had settled is off, but we're going to hold elections within nine months. Is that good news for the protesters?","It is - they take it as good news, but the reality is it's not because the only infrastructure that remains intact is the infrastructure of the former regime and the former ruling party. It's difficult to see how, in a situation where people are fearing for their lives, you can put together a cohesive electoral campaign. Even though the military council says that they will allow observers in, this is a military council that is blocking journalists - that has suspended Al Jazeera, that has suspended other journalists from doing their work. So there's a lot of disbelief that they will allow observers to carry out their job.","Meanwhile, they will just continue to sit-in, to protest, to demand democratic reforms even if they are unlikely."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People who fasted during Ramadan in extreme heat are showing defiance by continuing to protest until the military council is deposed.","questions":"How would you describe the people who are protesting in relation to their fasting during Ramadan?","answer":"Defiance"}
{"text":["Well, I was there at the time and I didn't think that Ukraine would take off at all. The first problem was that there were no good economic thinkers at all in Ukraine. All the thinking was really done in Moscow. And the other part was political, that Ukraine came together through a coalition of Ukrainian nationalists in the West who wanted to have an independent state and the old corrupt nomenklatura who wanted to stay in power, and in effect they did.","Hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians have been camping out in downtown Kiev, calling for change, more of a turn towards the West. What do you make of the protest movement when you have this agreement?Is it the kind of thing that in the West we might see and identify with and therefore maybe exaggerate the strength?","Well, what this is, is not about trade agreement - that's the lesser part. It's about European values. It's about democracy and rule of law. Ukrainians are tired of corruption and poor governance. They want to live as in Europe.","You wrote a book in 2009, \"How Ukraine Became a Market Economy and Democracy. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is saying that the protest movement in Ukraine is not just about a trade agreement with the West, but rather about the desire for European values, democracy, and the rule of law. The literal meaning would be that the protest movement is not solely focused on trade agreements.","questions":"Which values are Ukrainians tired of?","answer":"Corruption"}
{"text":["So you were ready to stand up for yourself?","Oh, absolutely, 100 percent.","Do you ever talk to the students that you went to college with recently, students who were maybe sometimes 60 years younger than you, about what you have lived and what you have gone through?Do you ever tell them these kinds of stories?","In some of my classes, some of the fellows would ask me about the segregated South. I would reveal to them, like in one instance, we had a history major and he was just tickled to death to learn this stuff firsthand from somebody who had actually been through it. Example, I used to tell him that at Norfolk Navy Yard, the drinking fountains and lavatories were all segregated - black, colored water and colored bathrooms, white bathrooms. And the white water always broke down and they drank the colored water."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"Do you ever talk to the students that you went to college with recently...about what you have lived and what you have gone through?\" - The actual meaning could be, \"Do you share your personal experiences with younger students to educate them about historical events and give them a firsthand perspective?\" It may not necessarily mean just having casual conversations with former classmates.","questions":"Which kind of stories did the history major want to learn firsthand?","answer":"Segregated"}
{"text":["No. I think. . .","Misunderstood, misunderstood.","Misunderstood - that's what I'm here to do is trying to salvage the reputation of some of these Halloween monsters. So yes, Frankenstein I think gets a really raw deal in the reputation department. We all think of Frankenstein's monster as this monosyllabic idiot from the movies. But actually, in Mary Shelley's original novel from 1818, Frankenstein's monster was more of a sensitive intellectual type. He read Plutarch and Goethe. He was more Brooklyn hipster and less unfrozen caveman.","(Laughter) I hear - I sense a sequel coming on."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (Laughter) I hear - I sense a sequel coming on. (Implied meaning: It sounds like you have a great idea and it could be expanded on)","questions":"What could the speaker sense?","answer":"sequel"}
{"text":["You know, you've been criticized on both sides of the aisle, as they say now. I think some scientists are saying: Why did you publish - why didn't you publish it in legitimate, peer-reviewed journals first?","Oh, we're following the - I mean, we're following the tradition of science, which is that you distribute this widely to your peers before you publish it. Jim Hansen does the same thing. He puts his papers online. This is a tradition in the field.","Peer review means you present results in a public forum, you distribute pre-prints. Most of my important papers were widely distributed to other scientists far before they appeared. It's the best kind of peer review.","And you challenge anyone to come up with a better explanation."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Oh, we're following the - I mean, we're following the tradition of science\" - The actual meaning is that the speaker is defending the decision to not publish in peer-reviewed journals by saying it is a common practice in the scientific community, even though it may not be the best practice.","questions":"What is the reason for the PersonA's decision to not publish in peer-reviewed journals?","answer":"Tradition"}
{"text":["Well, that's the thing. Three areas we've looked at - covering about 55 square miles of the jungle - target one, target two and target three. And the first one was target one, and we found these all these archeological features. They covered hundreds of acres, maybe even thousands of acres, and this is gigantic. And then they moved on to target two, and they marked that, and then they moved on to target three. And target three showed even more striking features.","And we've - an archaeologist has been looking at them and a guy named Chris Fisher, who is an archaeologist at the Colorado State University, who's an expert on LIDAR, and he tells us that there is a city in T3 that is comparable in area to the city of Copan. It's absolutely enormous. The track is two square - five square kilometers.","And if these valleys are so remote, how did these civilizations develop in this unforgiving area?","Well, that's the thing. We're only now starting to realize that this so-called virgin or impenetrable jungle in prehistoric times was anything but. It was very heavily settled. There were many thousands of people living in these areas, and it wasn't virgin jungle. It was more like a tended garden. They cleared huge areas for farming. They terraced. They built irrigation canals. They built roads. They built enormous pyramids and structures."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The jungle was transformed by early civilizations through farming, terracing, irrigation, and building.","questions":"Which features were found in target one?","answer":"Features"}
{"text":["Antivirus experts are calling Flame one of the most complex threats ever discovered. Once a machine is infected, the operator of the malware can expand its functionality almost like adding apps to a smartphone. Its operators sent out another app with orders to erase it this week, leaving no tracks behind.","Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?","Well, different from the average run-of-the-mill malware that criminals use?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"What makes Flame different?\" - The literal meaning is a straightforward question about the characteristics of the Flame malware. The implied meaning is that the experts have identified Flame as a unique and potentially dangerous threat, and they want to know more about it.","questions":"How does the question in turn 4 indicate the concern of the experts about Flame?","answer":"unique"}
{"text":["This is an exceptional decree. It's - it is - if you look at it for face value, it is wholly undemocratic. But they say this is the only way to cut out institutions that are undermining us and get to a point of political stability because every time we take one step forward, it's 10 steps back with this court.","There is a - after so long under dictatorship, and it was certainly not just Mr.  Mubarak but his predecessors all the way back through Nasser and before it had a king and, well, effective British rule before that, there's been one person in charge of Egypt for a very long time.","Yes. And, you know, people wanted that to change. And one of the things we heard a lot of in Tahrir Square today is we didn't oust Mubarak to get an Islamist dictator - oust a secular dictator to get an Islamist dictator. And Morsi was elected, but the idea is to have a democratic process. One of the complaints also about the draft constitution is it gives too much power to the president. And now people are saying, we want to be represented; all of Egypt, not just the Muslim Brotherhood.","Is there any indication that at this point, the president and the Muslim Brotherhood will reconsider?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The decree does not have an actual monetary value, at face value means without looking into it more. ","questions":"How does PersonA describe the decree at face value?","answer":"Undemocratic"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. But you see what I mean?Because it is about perception and how we need to be - to understand what we're seeing before we can really see it, that's really key to understanding this whole issue of climate change and why we see or don't see what's right in front of us.","What drew you to monarchs in the first place?","I had really wanted to write about the subject for a long time. I live in southern Appalachia. I am surrounded by neighbors and friends - people I respect very much - who don't really understand climate change or believe in it, even though, as farmers, they're getting socked by it. We've had unprecedented, disastrous weather time and again. So it's such a strange contradiction that the people in our continent who are first to feel the harm of a changing climate are the last to be able to talk about it.","That was such a conundrum and such rich territory for a novel to tread, that I was just looking for the right way to get into the subject. And one morning, I just woke up with this vision in my eyes of millions of butterflies covering the forest behind my house. I just - I mean, I didn't actually see it. I imagined it. I woke up and there it was, and I knew that was it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Farmers in southern Appalachia feel the harm of a changing climate but are the last to talk about it.","questions":"How do farmers in southern Appalachia feel about climate change?","answer":"Don'tbelieve"}
{"text":["It's good to be here, Tony.","You know, you've been getting pretty hot under the collar about this issue, I understand. Why is it such a concern for you?","It's a concern for me because it's a misunderstanding that a lot of ex-convicts have. If you have a felony it has been in the past that often states do restrict or disenfranchise those who have a felony conviction. Those laws have changed over the years, and now in most states it's no longer the case, or there are means by which you can get your civil rights back. But a lot of people - a lot of ex-convicts or felons that I knew that ended up in my court system simply rested on the false notion that they did not have the ability to vote. And that ended and that kept them from further embracing or engaging in the community, and kept them separate, and apart, and not where they needed to be.","Is it a situation where an ex-felon is allowed - is entitled to have his or her voting rights restored, but the process by which those voting rights are restored is so cumbersome that they either don't know about it or they don't go through it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The process of restoring voting rights is too complicated and difficult for ex-felons to understand or complete.","questions":"How complicated is the process of restoring voting rights for ex-felons?","answer":"Cumbersome"}
{"text":["Congress looked like they might get some kind of deal on immigration this past week. Didn't happen. What did happen?","They had a big sit-down meeting among all the House Republicans, and they talked about a deal, but they didn't reach one. The problem is that one faction within the House Republican caucus wants to protect the DREAMers, the people in the U. S.  illegally who were brought here as children. The other faction at the opposite end of the spectrum opposes anything they see as amnesty. And they want full funding for Trump's border wall with Mexico and a number of other changes to current law on legal immigration as well.","So it's not clear how much of that can get worked out, even among House Republicans, let alone with the Senate or the president.","I have to ask, how does the director of the Environmental Protection Agency, Scott Pruitt, hold onto his job?It seems like every few hours, there's charges of some kind of new ethical infraction. Yeah. I mean, he would have been let go from a greeter position at Walmart by now."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The House Republicans have conflicting views on illegal immigration and the border wall, making it difficult to reach a deal.","questions":"How do House Republicans feel about illegal immigration and the border wall?","answer":"Conflicting"}
{"text":["I spent a lot of time reading, writing - self-education. I used the time to teach myself both criminal and civil law. And we lived on what we call an organized tier along the principles of the Black Panther Party, developing unity among the other guys on the tier. We taught guys how to read and write, which, you know, I think was my greatest achievement.","Mr.  Woodfox, how often were you gassed?","Oh, my goodness. Well, gas was a standard form of weapons that the security people used. So anytime you challenge inhumane treatment or you challenge unconstitutional conduct, they would gas you, you know. And depending on the severity of the confrontation, they would open up your cell, and they would come in and beat you down and then, you know, shackle you and bring you to the dungeon. And you probably would stay there a minimum of 10 days. The fact that I was involved in organizing a lot of the protests against - you know, along with Herman and Rob. . .","Friends of yours, fellow inmates who were in at the same time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Speaker A is implying that they were gassed a LOT by exclaiming \"oh my goodness\" and noting he was involved in organizing a lot of the protests","questions":"What was a standard form of weapon used by the security people?","answer":"Gas"}
{"text":["I wish I could think of a better opening. Tell me the Lyndon Baines Johnson story, if you could, please.","So during LBJ's administration, Mary was at home in her apartment one night. And she got a call from someone saying that he was with the Secret Service and the president planned to stop by. Mary was immediately convinced that it was one of her colleagues or friends pulling her leg. But when she opened her door and saw two Secret Service men standing by the elevator, she furiously began to tidy up her apartment and prepare for an impromptu visit from the commander-in-chief. Lyndon came in, they had a drink or two and Lyndon professed his great affection for her, Mary, I'm crazy about you, and made clear that he wanted to sleep with her. And in a way that was prototypically Lyndon Johnson, also said, I know you love the Kennedys, and now you should love me, which has to be about the worst pick-up line. . .","(Laughter).",". . . That I've ever heard in my life. And certainly the worst pick-up line for Mary."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn \"Laughter\" is not meant to indicate that someone is actually laughing but rather to acknowledge the humorous nature of the story being told.","questions":"Which turn did PersonA make a comment about the worst pick-up line?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["Meaning it has a comparably sized economy.","It means it has a comparably sized economy. It is narrowing the gap - military gap - especially in the Western Pacific, where it is using asymmetric tactics that can offset things like our aircraft carriers. China is also an education leader. It is becoming a technological leader. And it's the world's biggest trading nation.","So China is on the move all over the world. And the U. S. -China relationship is not anymore just Beijing to Washington. It's being measured in Africa, in South America, at both poles, in cyberspace and outer space.","And is it becoming a more adversarial relationship now because of China's growth, because it suddenly is big enough to really challenge the United States?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : CHINA IS GOING TO BE COMPETITION AS FAR AS IT'S ADVANCEMENTS IN THEIR ECONOMY","questions":"What kind of relationship is being measured in various regions of the world?","answer":"U.S.-China"}
{"text":["There is no good precedent for thinking that these peace talks will work well for exactly the reason that you have said. The Syrian regime and its allies should - have at no point countenanced the idea that Bashar al-Assad will step down. And then the opposition negotiating committee reiterated in London this week that they foresee a six-month transitional period at the end of which Assad is no longer the president of Syria. So that's a pretty big sticking point.","And starts on Monday?","Starts on Monday at sundown, which is also the beginning of the Muslim Eid festival, yes.","Alice Fordham in Beirut. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : expression of surprise, as the speaker is asking if the peace talks are starting on Monday despite the big sticking point.","questions":"How does PersonB react to the information provided by PersonA about the peace talks?","answer":"Surprise"}
{"text":["You mean somebody rational?","Yeah, someone he could work with.","Yeah.","That would be very good."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  while turn (3) implies agreement and understanding of the speaker's request.","questions":"What does turn 2 imply?","answer":"Agreement"}
{"text":["Hi.","So, where were you when the typhoon hit?","I was on the island of Baho, and Baho was affected yesterday about 2 P. M. The problem for Baho is that it had already been basically destroyed, parts of it, by a massive earthquake just three weeks ago. So, there are certain areas of Baho that were particularly vulnerable to the extreme weather that we had yesterday.","I know you're still struggling to assess things but what can you tell us about what conditions look like now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning is to ask for an update on the current condition of Baho after the typhoon.","questions":"How is Baho now?","answer":"Now"}
{"text":["That's right. The discussions we've had about whether the First Lady should have worn clothing by black designers for her husband's inauguration is still creating a lot of traffic. Aljory Stallings(ph) wrote us this on our Web site, I am completely irritated on this trivial commentary on this issue. I wonder if the black designers who were complaining about this realize that by doing that, they are cutting off their noses to spite their faces.","Flora Gayle(ph) chimed in with this, I think she needs to get some credit for almost always wearing American designers. I am not black, but I do work in fashion. I think before we start judging this, we should look at how many black students are going to fashion school. I wish there were more.","And Dianne Truckenberg(ph) wrote in to say, I am concerned with the concept drawing lines for black versus white, for fill in whatever topic. Insistence on basing decisions on whether or not something or someone is of a certain race will certainly bring back racial tension.","And then last week, we had a discussion about spanking with Judge Lynn Toller. Well, that topic raised a lot of listener hackles. Here are a few letters that summed up the debate. Christopher Watson(ph) sent us this, I sat in my car shocked as I listened to your program talk about spanking. I'm a 33-year-old black male who was spanked as a child and has since worked for several organizations fighting domestic and sexual violence and child abuse. I was slack-jawed as I heard two highly educated adults advocate child abuse."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The discussion on spanking raised concerns among listeners and caused shock among advocates against domestic and sexual violence and child abuse.","questions":"Which topic caused shock among advocates against domestic and sexual violence and child abuse?","answer":"Spanking"}
{"text":["For political directive, sure.","Yeah. Yeah.","It's not Abraham Lincoln and his team of rivals.","They're like instruction manuals for how to run the government."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The political directive is not related to Abraham Lincoln or his team of rivals.","questions":"How is the political directive related to Abraham Lincoln?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["And I saw that with just kids I knew at public school that were gifted. A lot of them struggled as they got older because they've been told they were smart. And so when they failed, they felt let down, they felt confused, and they blamed themselves.","So I think you see that on a much grander level with a child star where they get this level of fame and success and they think that that's going to last forever because they get used to it. And as they get older it's taken away from them, and they're not sure who to blame. And they don't know how to do anything for themselves.","And almost inevitably taken away from them by a disease called adolescence.","Yes, exactly. I mean I think that child stars are - they're used, in a way, to - their cuteness is used. And a lot of child actors - I mean people often ask me, they say why were you in so many kids' movies. And one was that my mother and father believed that there weren't enough good kids' movies out there. Now, I wasn't always in the best kids' movies, but they thought that that was important. And another thing is that there can really only be so many \"To Kill A Mockingbirds\" out there."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Adolescence is when children change and is not easy to go through.","questions":"How is adolescence described in the dialogue?","answer":"Change"}
{"text":["We're seeing - from last night, there were lots of videos showing intense artillery airstrikes on this place. It's just a few piece - few hundred yards wide. And you know, you can actually kind of look out across it - it's such a small area - with binoculars. Reporters there are seeing ISIS flags on what's left of the buildings. There's a collection of squalid tents. But people are hiding out in tunnels and caves, we're hearing.","Wow. I mean, it just - it speaks - this moment speaks so much to the larger story. I mean, if this family who might be holding these children want to stick it out and want to remain committed to ISIS and the ideology and they're not going anywhere, I mean, it just creates an impossible situation.","Exactly, for this father - and also, it's a broader lesson that, you know, it's very difficult to bomb an ideology into oblivion. A lot of the people that have been coming out of this area in recent weeks, you know, remain faithful to ISIS and especially because they've been bombed by, you know, a U. S. -backed force that they see them as the enemy now. And they've been saying that they're going to still support the group and raise their children in the beliefs of the group. So whilst, you know, ultimately this territory probably will be taken back, the broader question of ISIS as existing in its ideology continues.","NPR's Ruth Sherlock - Ruth, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In this turn, the speaker is making a broader point about the difficulty of eradicating an ideology, even if a military force takes back territory from a group like ISIS. The literal meaning of \"it's very difficult to bomb an ideology into oblivion\" suggests that the speaker is talking about the limitations of military force against an idea rather than a physical target.","questions":"Which phrase suggests the larger issue that even if a military force takes back territory from a group like ISIS, it remains difficult to eradicate the ideology?","answer":"Bombideology"}
{"text":["I was wondering if we should do - or if such a thing exists, that human microbe projects, like the Human Genome Project.","Yes, there are a variety of types of human microbe projects at this point. So there are two gut projects right now that aim to characterize difference in gut microbes of people around the world. One of those in American Gut and is uBiome. And both of those projects, people can either donate or pay money to have their gut microbes sequenced.","And when they do, they can see what they have, and the scientists are going to see how that relates to what we know. And so in a way that's a beginning step. But what I think we kind of hope for is to have something akin to Mendelian genetics, where we can predict, you know, why you have a specific set of microbes and microbe genes. But we're very far from that still.","In the 30 seconds we have left, how can people get involved if they want their own microbes sampled and surveyed?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Understanding and predicting human microbe genetics is still a long way off.","questions":"How far is the understanding and prediction of human microbe genetics?","answer":"Far"}
{"text":["Depending on how they go about it, how big of a deal could this announcement by Zara be, and what kind of an impact could it have?","Well, I think the really interesting thing about Zara's statement is they've made a public statement to back their intention, and they will be held accountable for whether they achieve that target or not over time. So the fact that they made this very public target I think is really positive. And I think hopefully what that will do is also encourage other brands and retailers to be bold and to make these statements as well.","What individual responsibility do consumers have here?","Personally, I think every consumer has some responsibility for their actions. The consumers are buying products, they are making decisions about where they're buying those products from, how long they keep those products for and what they do with those products at end of life. So I think there is definitely some responsibility that the consumers have in all of this. But I also recognize as - there is this deep-seated sort of psychological driver within our human psyche to engage in fashion."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Engage in fashion\" means to buy clothing that is about fashion rather than pure functionality.","questions":"How does the human psyche drive consumers to participate in fashion?","answer":"Desire"}
{"text":["The Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi continues to oppose proceeding with impeachment, and there's no law that says she has to go forward if a majority of her caucus wants it. And something that you do hear in the nuance of these statements from members of the House is they're not putting a lot of pressure on the speaker. They're not vocally opposing her strategy, going after her. They're saying this is where they are personally, and, in fact, she's given them permission to do so. But they're not saying, you know, the leadership is wrong, and we've got to push this through. So there is some patience, I think, that allows the speaker to continue to move the process forward.","So she is still the engineer.","She is. I. . .","But not necessarily plotting the course. I told you this analogy would be hard to take.","(Laughter) Well, she has very firm control over the caucus of House Democrats. And, so far, they have deferred to her, even if they differ with her on where this train, as you put it, is likely to end up."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : She is not necessarily the one that is making the decisions with the impeachment.","questions":"What is the Speaker of the House's stance on impeachment?","answer":"Oppose"}
{"text":["We've been covering the life and legacy of President George H. W. Bush today. A look now at his foreign policy; the first major foreign crisis for the U. S.  after the end of the Cold War occurred during his presidency. In August of 1990, Saddam Hussein, the leader of Iraq, ordered his army to invade Kuwait. The small gulf country was a major supplier of oil to the U. S.  Saudi Arabia was also worried. So in December, the United States launched Operation Desert Shield. We're going to turn now to a well-traveled war correspondent, our colleague, NPR's Deborah Amos. She arrived in Saudi Arabia two days after the invasion of Kuwait and was there for the duration. Deb, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning, Scott.","Tell us about Gulf War I. It was preceded by a lot of diplomacy, wasn't it?","Well, he - President Bush is remembered for this phrase - this will not stand, this aggression against Kuwait will not stand. Here was a leader who - he was the last president who served in World War II. He was a diplomat. But what was important about the way he embraced this war, he was proud of being prudent. You know, it's said that. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The first major foreign crisis for the U.S. after the end of the Cold War occurred during his presidency.","questions":"What was the name of the country that Saddam Hussein invaded?","answer":"Kuwait"}
{"text":["So how did this all come about, and how did you get involved?","My partner, Josh Farahzad, just about this time last year, you know, he started thinking - well, what if I launched a rocket into outer space?You know, he didn't really know what he was doing. So he started sending emails to pretty much every university rocketry team in the country. And I was doing a launch with the Princeton University Rocketry Club. He saw our livestream, and he had reached out. I guess after that, I spent thousands of hours just working with Josh one-on-one and leading this very, very tremendous team.","And as the team grew to - what?- I guess about 40 people, you're communicating with one another via a Slack channel.","That's right. You know, at some point, we didn't pay for the Slack premium account. So, you know, I think within a month or two, our messages capped at 10,000. So we started losing our data.","Well, what's the big goal here, aside from actually getting a rocket into space?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Josh Farahzad had a random idea about launching a rocket and reached out for help. A worked hard to lead the team.","questions":"Which member of the rocketry team showed their launch to Josh Farahzad?","answer":"launch"}
{"text":["Hello.","Hi. I don't even know where to begin this story. It is so crazy. I guess I'll note Britons who do seem to love a really deliciously gossipy trashy tabloid tell-all, maybe they were overdue for a good scandal.","I have to say we've really, really needed it. Britain is exhausted by Brexit and the constant doom and gloom. So it's no surprise that WAGatha Christie, as you mentioned in the introduction, has broken the Internet today. And the reason why it's called WAGatha Christie is that WAG or WAGs is an acronym commonly used here to refer to the wives and girlfriends of high-profile athletes. And two of the women involved in today's feud are two of the most high-profile WAGs in the country.","OK. The wives or girlfriends in question here are Coleen Rooney and Rebekah Vardy. Who are these two women?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The internet had a large amount of cites where they was mentioned ","questions":"How was the topic referred to in the introduction?","answer":"Trashy"}
{"text":["If someone's going to walk into a synagogue, as they did in Tree of Life, and murder Jews at prayer, there's a good chance, you know, given gun violence in this country and who it's coming from in this particular moment, that that person's going to be a white supremacist. But that doesn't mean that I shouldn't worry about, for example, at the University of Virginia, Jewish students being prevented from joining a minority student coalition to fight white supremacy because they were smeared themselves as white supremacists for supporting the state of Israel. I'm worried about that, too.","Are you conflating people who are opposed to Israeli policy towards Palestinians with anti-Semitism?","I'm not. I myself am deeply opposed to the occupation of the Palestinian people. I believe that they have an indigenous right and claim to the land. And I'm on the record in many columns in the Times as being very opposed to various policies of the Netanyahu government, and I was cheered by the election this past week.","What I am opposed to is an ideological movement that insists that only one nation-state in the world doesn't have the right to exist, and that that nation-state is home to the largest Jewish community on planet Earth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : None . There's nothing in this that implies anything.","questions":"Which community is the nation-state home to, according to turn 3?","answer":"Jewish"}
{"text":["Yeah. The embassy guards, it's kind of a, you know, a misperception. In any embassy they essentially protect the chancellery in the embassy and the ambassador's residence itself, and particularly to, you know, you get them into a safe place if there is an attack or to - and if that fails, to destroy the classified material and so forth.","They're not responsible for the overall external or internal security of the embassy compound per se. They can augment that and they have if necessary, but there is a diplomatic security mission that does that sort of thing, and then - obviously which didn't happen on this case. You're hoping that you've got a competent external protection from the host nation, which is responsible for the safety of the entire compound.","We're talking with retired Marine Colonel Gary Anderson about lessons learned from before and during the attack in Benghazi. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And any number of recommendations were made by the Pickering Mullen report. As you look at those, are they going to address the kinds of interagency communications problems that you're worried about?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The host nation is responsible for the safety of the entire compound.","questions":"Which entity is responsible for the safety of the entire compound?","answer":"Host"}
{"text":["Yup. And then, suddenly, it came back, and then it went back down. And they scratched their heads for quite a while. And finally, what they realized is that there was so much radiation there that it was doing what's called saturating the detector. So it just couldn't count anymore. It was just overwhelmed. And then when they would go out of the radiation belts, it would come back down to a reasonable level that it was designed for, and it would start counting again. And so it took them a little while to figure that out. But once they did, that was the discovery of the radiation belts.","And now we have the probes to follow up. Thanks, Craig Kletzing, for joining us today.","You're very welcome. Thanks for having me.","Craig Kletzing is a professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Iowa."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The discovery of the radiation belts was a result of a long process of understanding what was causing the detector to be overwhelmed by radiation.","questions":"What was the reason for the detector being overwhelmed?","answer":"Radiation"}
{"text":["They also break up the states into more subregions than the current exit polls do. They think that this is going to help them be more accurate. And Fox and AP are pretty confident that their results are better than the traditional exit polls in some ways. They actually did shadow polls with the new system in three big specials this year - special elections in the 6th Congressional District in Georgia, the New Jersey governor's race and the Alabama Senate race. And guess what - they got the winner right in all three.","That sounds promising. But are there pitfalls to this way of doing things?I mean, are people asking questions about whether or not they are going to be able to keep their winning streak?","Yes (laughter). And there's a big degree of risk when you're not actually speaking to voters. They're not actually speaking to people who have gone and voted. There's always a number of people who say they're going to vote who don't. And this is an experiment. AP and Fox - even though they're putting this - they're operationalizing this, they acknowledge that there are some demographic shortcomings. They found this in their tests in their poll. They underestimated in Alabama, for example, the number of black voters who would show up. But like scientists, they acknowledge those shortcomings. And they're going to be tinkering with their models along the way. So we may have something good eventually, but it's a whole new Wild West era here.","What has been the reaction to this from the pollsters at this conference that you're at?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are dangers that cause problems by doing these polls.","questions":"Which polls pose risks?","answer":"polls"}
{"text":["Jay Austin and Lauren Geoghegan were both 29. For years, they worked desk jobs in Washington, D. C.  - Lauren at the admissions office at Georgetown University, Jay at the Department of Housing and Urban Development. In their travel blog, they wrote that they wanted to live life on simpler, more deliberate terms and see the globe in an inexpensive, sustainable and gratifying way. They wanted to bike it. Back in 2015, Jay Austin showed an NPR reporter around his house as part of a feature on the tiny house movement.","That's the parlor over there, seating for about seven or so, two couches.","All 143 square feet of it. Jay Austin believed in tiny homes.","I think it's really been great to have kind of not a very complex, not a very expensive space but to have the ability to have easy access to nature. If I am feeling like I have cabin fever, I open my front door."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Jay Austin's belief in tiny homes is reflected in the 143 square feet parlor.","questions":"What is reflected in the 143 square feet parlor?","answer":"Belief"}
{"text":["When we say kids, how old are these kids?","We saw kids as young as 10 stealing cars. And the kids we spoke to that were older talked about getting involved around that age, around 10 or 11.","So once they get these cars, what do they do with them?","Well, so that's where the fact that they're juveniles really comes into play. When adults steal cars, it's often about, you know, sending them off to another continent or chopping them up for parts, making money.","When kids steal cars, they keep them on the streets. They're using them as toys. They're seeing how fast they can go - 160 miles per hour on the highway. They're driving the wrong way. They're chasing other friends in other stolen cars. In at least one case, we saw stolen cars used in a drive-by shooting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  A: \"We saw kids as young as 10 stealing cars. And the kids we spoke to that were older talked about getting involved around that age, around 10 or 11.\" - The literal meaning is that children who were 10 or 11 years old were involved in stealing cars. The actual meaning is that children as young as 10 years old were involved in stealing cars, which is surprising and concerning.","questions":"Which age group was involved in stealing cars according to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Kids"}
{"text":["Yes, it has. Theater has definitely been an escape to just, you know, work on the show, work on the production and see the magic of it going up and seeing that art. And theater has just become so much more diverse. All these stories that just tell these stories about people that you don't usually hear about. Whether they're queer, brown, black, trans, undocumented, it's all these stories. And I think that it's really magical, and it really paints like a really great picture of everybody on stage.","What shows have you worked on?","Here at VCU, we just closed \"Into The Woods. \"","Well, lots of luck to you - very good speaking with you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Theater has definitely been an escape\" implies that A sees production and acting as a way to get away from stress and problems in the real world.","questions":"Which art form does PersonA say has become more diverse?","answer":"Theater"}
{"text":["The tragedy in Burma is it's just hard for us to comprehend. It is true that the current projections are that the numbers will rise significantly. I've heard numbers as high as 50,000 people being killed. So it's something that just automatically pulls at the heartstrings.","And you know, Farai, scientists have discovered that human beings are actually wired to be altruistic, so it's a part of our DNA. It's natural for us to want to give. We see a crisis, we want to give. And so I think it's really important to acknowledge that, and to really encourage people to give. It can. The giving, overwhelming giving for a major public emergency like this can have a negative impact on other parts of the world. We've seen it in the past.","For example, when the tsunami hit Asia, several years ago, where a quarter of a million people lost their lives, you saw relief and development organizations flooded with donations. OxFam UK, at a certain point, actually had to refuse donations because they no longer had the capacity to actually program funds. So what I would actually advocate for those that are really interested in making contributions, is to give responsibly. To really look at those organizations that you are interested in making a contribution to, and making your donation in flexible kinds of ways. . .","So, for general support as opposed to necessarily for one thing."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Donating responsibly and researching the organizations one is donating to is important in ensuring that the funds are used effectively.","questions":"What is important in ensuring effective use of donated funds?","answer":"Effectiveness"}
{"text":["Now it's, I should say this is a demonstration, it's not, you know, there is an actual kill that takes place in the video, but it's not a real kill, it's a demo kill. But what the system that they are playing or working on actually is designed to do and will do when it is deployed is to hunt, and if necessary kill, real targets. It fires missiles, it drops bombs, you can hear the guy talking about the weapons that he has available on one of his drones.","And they didn't just make it feel like a video game, they figured out that there's a sort of a feedback loop that was a problem for the operators, they couldn't kind of sense what was happening. And they hired video gamers to redesign their system for them.","Yeah, they hired real game developers. Because, you know, when you compared what people in the military were using to operate drones to what the latest Xbox or PlayStation system looked like, I mean the screens on this wrap around you so you feel as though you were there. One of the executives Raytheon describes it as projecting your mind into a place where you want it.","You write about watching this demonstration video with your seven year old kind of standing behind you watching this screen, and he gets it right away and he kind of likes it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"he gets it right away and he kind of likes it\" - The literal meaning is that the seven year old understands the demonstration and enjoys it. The implied meaning is that the seven year old is being desensitized to violence and is being exposed to the idea of killing as a form of entertainment.","questions":"What is the implied consequence of the seven year old liking the demonstration?","answer":"Desensitization"}
{"text":["The proposed bailout of the auto industry, which includes $15 billion in loans and a car czar to oversee the company's business decisions, is being criticized by some people as too much government interference. Malcolm Salter has advised Ford and GM, and he has studied the auto industry for decades. He's a professor emeritus at Harvard Business School. Welcome to the program.","Good to be here.","Well, what do you think of that plan?","I have some very serious questions about oversight, and I think we're moving awfully quickly on this because, obviously, the events are forcing us to do so. But I have some concerns about this so-called car czar. I'm not quite sure I know what it means. I'm not quite sure I know what decision rights the car czar will have.","And if, in fact, the car czar does have decision rights such as reported the Wall Street Journal this morning, which was where they were to review and presumably review all transactions more than $25 million, that seems to me like pretty granular oversight. And the question that I would ask, who has sufficient specific knowledge to make those kind of decisions who really hasn't been involved in the auto industry?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The professor welcomes the opportunity to share his expertise on the proposed bailout plan.","questions":"What is the professor's area of expertise?","answer":"Autoindustry"}
{"text":["Claire Messud's \"The Burning Girl\" is a novel about two girls, Cassie and Julia, who make each other who they are. Cassie's the bold one who looks for rules to break. Julia is the voice of caution and conscience who'd like a little of Cassie's daring. We had one mind, as Julia recall, and could roam its limits together. They grow apart in middle school. Cassie hangs out with the more conspicuously popular crowd. Julia's hurt but becomes aware that Cassie is on the verge of disaster. Julia may be the one person to help pull her back.","\"The Burning Girl\" is the latest novel from Claire Messud, author of \"The Emperor's Children\" and other acclaimed novels. She's also taught creative writing and special programs at many colleges and joins us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks, Scott, for having me.","What's the special intensity of being BFFs as youngsters?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The strong bond between Cassie and Julia is both powerful and fragile.","questions":"What is the nature of the bond between Cassie and Julia in \"The Burning Girl\"?","answer":"powerful"}
{"text":["The narrower strike, I think, on chemical weapons, there probably would be - would have been a favorable vote because most - this is a - this has nothing - in a sense, it's not Syria. We're against chemical weapons wherever and however they're used. So that kind of strike, I think, has a justification in international law and in history. But it's the idea of a - intervening in this tragic civil war, I think, is a much broader question.","A while ago, Senator King, you were among those people in the Senate who supported greater support for Syrian rebels in the hope that they might be able to overturn the Assad regime. How do you feel about that now?Has the time for that opportunity passed?Does a strike like this promote that or have got nothing to do with it?","I don't think it has much to do with, as I say, the overall calculus on the battlefield in the civil war. And I'm afraid you may be right. Clearly, the momentum at this point is with Assad. The critical moment was when Russia came in in support of the Assad regime. And then you add Iran, Hezbollah and the other support that they're getting, all you'd have to do is look at the map. Two years ago, the opposition controlled a great deal of the country. And now, that territory is narrowing. And the fight now, this alleged chemical attack, took place in the Damascus suburbs.","So what should the U. S.  strategic goal be as far as you're concerned?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The opposition has lost territory and the alleged chemical attack took place in Damascus suburbs","questions":"Which attack took place in the suburbs of Damascus?","answer":"Chemical"}
{"text":["Thank you.","What did you see when you drove through that deep water?What did you do?","It was just devastation everywhere. I mean, it looked like a lake. It looks like a lake in the middle of the neighborhood. You can't even fathom it.","Do you remember some of the people you were able to help?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - The actual meaning is to ask if the individual remembers the people whose lives were positively impacted by their help, rather than asking if the individual remembers helping people.","questions":"How does turn 3 clarify the intention behind the question asked by PersonB in turn 3?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["But we can also use technology to, you know, warn providers when they're entering orders, for instance. If I'm supposed to be in Mr.  James Smith and entering a complex chemotherapy order, for instance, I'd get an alert saying, are you sure?","Because there was another, you know, Mr.  James Smith on the same ward in the hospital. Are you sure you're entering orders on the right Mr.  James Smith, you know, for instance?","Anything a patient can do to protect him or herself?","With electronic health records has come in a layer of additional transparency for the health care system where patients can access more information electronically than they could ever do before."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Patients can now have more access to their own medical records and other health care information online.","questions":"Which layer of transparency has come with electronic health records?","answer":"Access."}
{"text":["I think one of the reasons, Tony, that we're seeing so of many of these come to light has, really, nothing to do with the fact that people are being - that this is happening more often so much as it is the fact that people are just paying attention to it more. You know, you watch the news and somebody says, oh, there's a stolen car ring. Now, all of a sudden, everybody's watching for people breaking into cars. Well, people break into cars every day. But when you hear about it on the news, people start paying attention.","There have always been Ponzi schemes. This is not new. This has been going on forever. It has been happening to investors. It'll continue to go on, but we're just aware of because the Madoff scandal was so large and so visible.","You know, it's funny. I was listening to your description of the Ponzi scheme - as our time is running out - and I couldn't help but think that there must be somebody listening to your description who is saying, wow, the stimulus package, that sounds like a Ponzi scheme to me.","The government covering its own losses by printing more money back, which covers losses in which it prints more money. Hey, you know, you could make that - I'm not going to make that argument, but somebody might."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Ponzi schemes have been around for a long time and will continue to exist.","questions":"What type of schemes have been around for a long time and will continue to exist?","answer":"Ponzi."}
{"text":["That's absolutely - and people are outraged at the written bylines. They just haven't taken that conversation from the words to the images.","You have cited a bombshell report in the Columbia Journalism Review by Kristen Chick. It documents assault, harassment, allegations against prominent men in the field. And you, I gather, were not surprised.","We all knew this. We all know how bad it's been. I've been in this industry for almost two decades. I've been paid less by men, overlooked on assignments that have been given to men. I've been groped and intimidated in the field and in the workplace by men. But I have been lucky for the most part. Kristen interviewed 50 women over five months, named two prominent photographers but, more importantly, detailed an industry that is rampant with physical, emotional, mental discrimination that is preventing women from being behind the camera, that is causing women to leave the industry but also that is signaling to women, this is the cost of business. This is what you have to accept if you want to do this job.","I want to drill down on one of the photojournalism agencies involved in these allegations. That's VII. It's an incredibly prominent agency, influential in the field. Can you remind us of what those allegations are about?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There is no drill, the person wants to get right to the basic part of the information.","questions":"Which agency does PersonB want to know more about in relation to the allegations?","answer":"VII"}
{"text":["Well, there might be something of a disconnect between the president and others in his administration. Others in his administration want to resolve what has been an escalating and ongoing trade dispute with China. What's being discussed here are $200 billion in tariffs on Chinese products. It isn't official yet, but according to many reports, it is coming. The question is whether these tariffs are a means to an end, the idea that you would be tightening the screws on China to get them to change their behavior and that then these tariffs would be dropped, or whether it's an end in itself.","And to hear the president - last week he tweeted something that would make it seem as though he thinks that tariffs may be good on their own. He says that the U. S.  is under no pressure to make a deal with China. China is under pressure to make a deal with us. Quote, \"Our markets are surging. Theirs are collapsing. We will soon be taking in billions in tariffs and making products at home. If we meet, we meet. \"","That's NPR White House correspondent Tamara Keith. Thank you so much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Screws are not tightened but pressure is being applied to China regarding tariffs.","questions":"How are the tariffs on Chinese products perceived by the president?","answer":"good"}
{"text":["That's exactly the concern that advertisers have about this, they use these small data tracking files called, cookies. And by watching where you go on the web they can build a customer profile and decide what kinds of ads to show. Well, the internet advertising bureau which represents a lot of these companies, and web publishers says if this feature becomes widely adopted a lot of sites and especially smaller ones that rely almost entirely on their ad revenue - they won't be able to survive. On the other hand, some analysts are taking note that Microsoft's own future could hinge on web advertising, and this could affect its own business in much the same way.","Other browsers have offered something like this?","That's true, the Firefox browser and Apple Safari browser do offer similar features.","Bob Moon of Public Radio's Daily Business Show, Marketplace - thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Other browsers have offered something like this?\" - the word \"this\" refers to the feature discussed in the previous sentences, not a physical object.","questions":"What does the word \"this\" refer to in turn 1?","answer":"Feature"}
{"text":["Is this situation just overshadowed by other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?","I think so. I think its a challenge that, you know, Uganda is the third largest refugee-hosting country in the world now, but I think most people dont realize that. When we think about refugees, we often think about the Syria crisis, which is the world's largest. We think about people who are crossing the Mediterranean. But we're not thinking about the now almost a million people who've crossed this land border into Uganda but have also fled from South Sudan into Kenya and Ethiopia and even into Sudan.","We're also in a situation where the administration has sent very limited aid budgets to Congress. And fortunately because the commitment that Congress continues to show, they've actually rejected those steep cuts to humanitarian aid and provided strong funding - robust funding for humanitarian assistance. But we need to see that funding really get out of the bank accounts in D. C.  and get out to the ground, where it's needed.","Has Uganda been been so welcoming?The international community has thought there's relatively little reason to get involved."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : We're also in a situation where the administration has sent very limited aid budgets to Congress. And fortunately because of the commitment that Congress continues to show, they've actually rejected those steep cuts to humanitarian aid and provided strong funding - robust funding for humanitarian assistance. But we need to see that funding really get out of the bank accounts in D.C. and get out to the ground, where it's needed.  Implicated meaning: Despite the administration sending limited aid budgets to Congress, Congress has shown commitment by rejecting steep cuts to humanitarian aid and providing strong funding. However, it is necessary for the allocated funding to be effectively utilized and reach the areas where humanitarian assistance is required.","questions":"Which country is the third largest refugee-hosting country in the world?","answer":"Less"}
{"text":["I have no idea where my sister is. I heard my aunt was released from the distant relatives, but I have no information on my sister.","So do you have any sense of what their lives have been like in these camps that they were sent to?Do you know for sure that they were sent to camps?","I assume that they are in the camps because I hear many people - such as my sister, they are just disappearing. I don't know what kind of condition that my sister is being held. But I know the conditions of the camps. We have been talking to former detainees who's been released from these camps. People there facing forced indoctrinations, mental and physical abuses, forced to take unknown medicines, food and the sleep deprivations. The conditions are extremely bad.","I mean, it's not only the people who are in these camps whose lives have been affected by this crackdown by the Chinese government. It's also the lives of people who are just living in Xinjiang. Can you describe what daily life is like for them?","The people in the entire region is facing Orwellian-style-like police state. They are being monitored 24 hours a day. There are news reports that 1. 1 million Chinese cadres deployed to the Uighur homes to live with.","Officials who are just sitting there in the homes. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The entire region is under heavy surveillance by the Chinese government","questions":"Which region is under constant monitoring by the Chinese government?","answer":"Entire-region"}
{"text":["Well, things are more quiet than usual. There's many, many fewer people and cars out on the street during the day because of the day of mourning. People are just (unintelligible). And it's also the weather is really bad. There is like a storm and cold and rain, so people are staying home, and then some people go out to celebrate New Year's Eve tonight. A lot of people won't because of the situation.","But it's a situation that is reflected all over the Arab world and many other parts of the world where people are really angry about what's going on. They think Israel is using excessive force. But they feel frustrated because they can't do anything about it, and their governments aren't - seemingly aren't doing anything about it either.","Leaders are calling for an end to the violence, but there hasn't been much talk in terms of specifics. What can be done to accomplish that goal of ending these attacks?","Well, if they wanted to do something, they could a lot - diplomatically, politically, economically - but they are really more talk than action. This is the problem. The Arab leaders I think genuinely share their people's anger with what's going on in the Israeli attack. Many Arab leaders are also angry at Hamas. They don't like Hamas very much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : 'Leaders are calling for an end to the violence, but there hasn't been much talk in terms of specifics.' implies that leaders are not taking specific actions to end the violence.","questions":"Which goal are leaders calling for an end to?","answer":"Violence"}
{"text":["And that made both party's much more democratic operations - again, small D.  But the Democrats - large D, capital D - pushed it a lot further than the Republicans. The Republicans want to restrain the representational nature of the system a little bit so as to reach a conclusion a little faster. And that's the big difference now.","I think in Super Tuesday-voting today, for example, it's quite possible that one Republican candidate will get enough votes around the country that he'll become the nominee more or less de facto. On the Democratic side, though, there's really no chance to that. The proportional splits that I've been talking about, the breaking of the vote down and making it representative of the vote, that's going to divide the delegates between the two parties - or between the two candidates on the Democratic side.","So there are people on both sides of the major party system who have dropped out, and they have delegates. What happens to their delegates?","There aren't many, really. It's just a handful in both parties. And what will happen to those delegates is after their candidate is officially out - John Edwards, for example, is not officially out. He's just suspended his campaign."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The phrase \"officially out\" in this context refers to a candidate formally ending their campaign and withdrawing from the race. It implies that there is a distinction between being \"officially out\" and merely suspending the campaign, suggesting the possibility of a candidate re-entering the race in the future.","questions":"Which phrase in turn 3 suggests the possibility of a candidate re-entering the race in the future?","answer":"Re-entering"}
{"text":["So it changes the calculus in this way. If you're the Syrian Kurdish commander and you feel that the U. S.  is essentially abandoning you, where do you turn for help against your mortal enemies, the Turks?And increasingly, I'm told by the Syrian Kurdish commander they think that they have to turn to Damascus. They have to turn to the regime. Meanwhile, Assad's key ally, Russia, is said to be moving with Syrian army troops north towards these Kurdish areas, seeking to capitalize on what they think is a vacuum caused by the instability and the U. S.  withdrawal.","So these Kurds would have to deal with the threat from Turkey and then, on the other side of things, the threat from the Syrian government trying to reclaim this area.","So this is essentially the Kurdish condition - surrounded by enemies. It's the case in Syria. It's the case in northern Iraq. It's the case in Iran. This is a people who just live in inconvenient countries. So yes, as in the past, the Kurds are surrounded. They feel they have enemies on all sides. They thought the U. S.  was a reliable friend, and they now are beginning to doubt that.","I want to come back to something you mentioned earlier - the thousands of ISIS prisoners that Kurds had been guarding. There's concerns about whether they can continue to do that while also fighting off the Turkish military. You had the president saying today in a statement that, quote, \"Turkey is now responsible for ensuring all ISIS fighters being held captive remain in prison. \"Does that seem likely?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It changes the way you think about the situation. Russia wants to capitalize on everyone's problems in the region.","questions":"What country is seeking to capitalize on the instability caused by the U.S. withdrawal, according to the dialogue?","answer":"Russia"}
{"text":["Yup. And then, suddenly, it came back, and then it went back down. And they scratched their heads for quite a while. And finally, what they realized is that there was so much radiation there that it was doing what's called saturating the detector. So it just couldn't count anymore. It was just overwhelmed. And then when they would go out of the radiation belts, it would come back down to a reasonable level that it was designed for, and it would start counting again. And so it took them a little while to figure that out. But once they did, that was the discovery of the radiation belts.","And now we have the probes to follow up. Thanks, Craig Kletzing, for joining us today.","You're very welcome. Thanks for having me.","Craig Kletzing is a professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Iowa."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The discovery of the radiation belts was a result of a long process of understanding what was causing the detector to be overwhelmed by radiation.","questions":"Which process was the discovery of the radiation belts a result of?","answer":"Process"}
{"text":["These were all - the Hobbits. They were all living, you know, 50,000 years ago, all of these quite diverged groups of humans were living on Earth, and we're now quite lonely. We're the only group on Earth right now.","So something happened to them that didn't happen to us, that we survived?","That's right.","And the fact that - did they - do you think they knew of one another?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is not actually referring to the Hobbits from J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-earth but rather early human groups.","questions":"Which literary work is not being referred to by the speaker?","answer":"Tolkien"}
{"text":["Well, again, these Italian researchers, the one who did the randomness stuff, looked at this and thought, we can write this up as a simple mathematical description. And they did, and it plays out in a simple way. And that's what led them to their paper in a physics journal that says, we're better off choosing politicians at random, because otherwise, we're all far too prey to this universal plague of stupidness.","That's - what better place to end it, Marc. Thank you very much. Marc Abrahams is editor. . .",". . . and co-founder of the Annals of Improbably Research. . .","Thank you, Ira."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : none","questions":"Which journal did the Italian researchers publish their paper in?","answer":"physics"}
{"text":["She let you know.","She let me know, I know. She was born with a perfectly normal heart. So for a whole variety of reasons, it was really special to meet her. You know, going through IVF, it's a very planned and purposeful pregnancy. Like, you're really (laughter) we really had to be committed to the idea that we wanted to be parents. So we're really happy it worked out the way it did.","You know, you reached out. What did you want people to know from your story?","Yeah. That's a good question. I've been asking myself because I haven't talked about my infertility experience very often. But I just had this impulse. There's a lot of taboos around infertility. There's a lot of taboos around talking about being a new mother in any other way besides in glowing terms. And now that I am a new mom and I'm working with other new families, I realize how stressful it is and how normal it is. In the event that someone out there can relate, that's what would be my hope."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"You know, going through IVF, it's a very planned and purposeful pregnancy\" - The literal meaning is that the pregnancy was a result of in vitro fertilization (IVF) which is a planned and purposeful process. The actual meaning is that the process of going through IVF is challenging and requires a strong commitment to the idea of becoming parents.","questions":"Which medical procedure did the speaker go through to conceive?","answer":"IVF"}
{"text":["Are you swaying now?","Just a little bit, within legal bounds.","So what happened?","We had a noise complaint from a neighbor from people speaking too loudly on the sidewalk. And when the police came out, they issued two summons, one for violation of the New York City noise code and one for violation the Cabaret Law, which in the context of bars and restaurants, prohibits musical entertainment, singing, dancing or other forms of amusement without a license. And that license is very difficult to obtain and was only possessed by about a hundred bars and restaurants out of more than 25,000 in New York."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : 2) \"Just a little bit, within legal bounds.\" The speaker is not actually swaying but is referring to the legal limit of noise allowed in the context of the noise complaint mentioned in (4). The implied meaning is that the speaker is trying to avoid any further trouble with the police by staying within the legal limits of noise.","questions":"Which legal limit?","answer":"Noise"}
{"text":["I think, in the very early days, it was computer nerds - I mean, you know, technologists - people who were really interested in the technology. And now it's, I think, more just ordinary people who hear about bitcoin, obviously do some reading - have some understanding of how the technology works but, I think, see more of either profit opportunity or just like the idea of it. I think there's a significant political strain behind the appeal of bitcoin - people who don't like the Federal Reserve, don't like big banks, don't like conventional financial institutions.","Don't like taxes?","Don't like taxes - exactly - kind of libertarian-minded people.","Well, what do you think it's going to do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) has an actual meaning that is different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning is simply stating that some people who are attracted to bitcoin have a libertarian mindset and don't like taxes, the implied meaning is that there is a political ideology driving the appeal of bitcoin beyond just profit opportunities or curiosity about the technology.","questions":"What is the implied meaning behind the appeal of bitcoin?","answer":"political"}
{"text":["Right. You have this really shocking statistic in your article where you say that personal consumption amounts to 70 percent of the American economy.","Yeah, that's right. Basically, we are the engine of our own economy. And for far too long apparently, we've just been swiping our Visa cards willy nilly and pumping up this economy. The worry is that when we stop doing that, which is what's happening, our economy is going to sag.","So you went out to see if it was sagging. You went to the Mall of America. What did you find?","The most ambitious mall in the United States, the mall that is doing the most to put you in the fugue state that allows you to spend. They're up against it at the Mall of America. What I found was a lot of people who weren't shopping all that much and a lot of people that were counting their pennies in a way that they never had before."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Personal consumption is the key driver of the American economy, and if people stop consuming, the economy will suffer.","questions":"Which factor is the key driver of the American economy?","answer":"consumption"}
{"text":["Abby Wambach was a major soccer star - two Olympic gold medals, the all-time highest goal score among women and men internationally, global recognition. But when Barnard College, the all-women's school in New York City, asked her to give its commencement address last year, she felt underqualified. So she poured her heart into her speech and decided to turn it into a rallying cry for women.","That hard work paid off. Her speech went viral, and she's now turned it into a book about leadership for people everywhere. It's called \"WOLFPACK: How To Come Together, Unleash Our Power, And Change The Game. \"Abby Wambach is with us from Colorado Public Radio to talk about some of the leadership lessons in her new book.","Abby, welcome to the show.","Wow. That was that was maybe the best introduction that I've gotten. . ."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Abby Wambach appreciated the introduction she received on the show. Literal meaning: Abby Wambach thought that the introduction she received was very good.  Implicated meaning: There is no implied meaning in this turn. The meaning is literal.","questions":"What did Abby Wambach think of the introduction she received on the show?","answer":"Viral"}
{"text":["But these are opposition strongholds. So, again, it reinforced this view that Ebola is being exploited for political gain. It's being used by certain political players to make money. And so what we're seeing is a lot of these messages being circulated that Ebola is a hoax or Ebola is a plot. And people are attributing these messages to local political leaders who presumably feel that their power is being threatened by rivals who are aligned with the fight against Ebola.","So the new U. N.  coordinator, what can they do?","This appointment is a recognition that the U. N.  realizes they need to treat this as much as a political problem as a health problem. And my sources in Congo say that they might need to get pretty radical because you can't just fight this with guns because if you do that, you're just going to play into this narrative that the national government is using Ebola as a way to gain power. You need to spread the message that this is not a political issue, that this is something that, you know, affects everyone.","And so some of the ideas that have been talked about, for example, is just really broaden who gets vaccinated. Normally, you vaccinate people who've had direct contact with someone who has Ebola, which makes sense medically, right?But that just makes people wonder, are the people who are getting vaccinated people who have connections, you know?And why isn't everyone getting vaccinated?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The fight against Ebola is not just a health problem, but also a political one","questions":"What type of problem is the fight against Ebola not just limited to?","answer":"political"}
{"text":["As we mentioned, polls show that a strong majority of Republicans do still support the death penalty. You're one of the growing number of those, though, who have called for repealing it. And there has been a move, as we said earlier, in some red states to repeal the death penalty. What do you think accounts for that shift?Is it just about economics?","No, I don't think it's solely economics. But, again, you know, most Republicans are pro-life. And when you start looking at the abortion issue and the life issue, you start to have to ask yourself, am I being consistent when I'm looking at the death penalty?","And, you know, for the longest time, the death penalty from the criminal law standpoint was there only for society's revenge. You know, it doesn't serve the other goals of criminal law. There's no rehabilitation of anybody. There's no study that shows that it helps prevent crime. So we're really kind of in that Old Testament retribution. And I think as we move more and more away from that and then factor in the economics, there's a real reason to get rid of it.","You mentioned, though, religion in politics as well as economics. I'm curious - how do you think about the morality of this question of the death penalty?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : old testament retribution means that some of these laws are very old and outdated","questions":"What was the death penalty used for from the criminal law standpoint?","answer":"Revenge"}
{"text":["Well, you know, performance is really one of making sure you understand and document what's expected of you in your given role. One of the mistakes I see many professionals make, minority or otherwise, is they don't document and understand really what's expected of them.","And so they go throughout the whole year performing at what they may thing is the optimum level, only to get to the end of the year and find out that they've missed a mark. They're not doing one-on-ones or meetings quarterly or monthly with their manager, and so it's really important that if, you're going to track your performance that you understand what's expected, but more importantly that you follow up to make sure that you're on course.","Now, you have these performance evaluations in some cases, and is that a 100 percent of your success?How much are we talking about?","Yeah, I'm a big believer that success in corporate America, that performance really accounts for 50 percent of that. And what I mean by that is if you go back to childhood, most of what we were taught as children was you are rewarded based on how well you performed."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"performance is really one of making sure you understand and document what's expected of you in your given role\" - The literal meaning would be that performance is about actually performing one's job duties, but the actual meaning is that it's about understanding and documenting what's expected in order to perform well.","questions":"What mistake do many professionals make, according to A?","answer":"Document"}
{"text":["Oh.","OK. So Bill Eberhard and colleagues looked into this and found that it's a little bit different than what people had thought. First of all, spiders definitely touch the sticky part of their web all the time, especially when they're constructing it. But he also found that when he looked at the leg of a spider under a dissecting microscope - and if this appeals to you, you can see this on our website - you see these tiny little hairs called setae. And what happens is when a spider touches the sticky line with this hairy leg, as it pulls away, the glue sort of drips down the hairs, and then you have very little surface area between the sticky glue and the spider. So there's not a lot of pull. And this kind of explains mostly why they - and they touch it very delicately. And then there's this one more little fact, which is my favorite part of this study, which is they wash the spider legs. They clean them off and find that they're much stickier. So they do seem to have a kind of oily substance that repels their own glue.","Wow. Wow.","But - it was cool."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implies that the speaker found the information about spiders and their webs interesting or impressive, despite the fact that they also thought it was \"cool.\" So, the actual meaning of (4) is slightly different from its literal meaning.","questions":"How did the speaker feel about the information on spiders and their webs?","answer":"cool"}
{"text":["There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N.  official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?","Yanghee Lee, the U. N. 's special rapporteur for human rights in Myanmar, has been denied entry. A U. N.  fact-finding mission has been denied entry. If there was going to be a return - and this is premature - but if there was going to be a return, there would have to be some sort of international monitoring in place.","Myanmar sees most of the Rohingya as illegal migrants who originally came from Bangladesh generations ago. Bangladesh does not want them either. We're seeing a new generation growing up in refugee camps. In many ways, they are stateless people. Bangladesh is not giving newborns, for example, documents to show that they have any status at all in the country. So what is the way forward?","The bottom line is they - Rohingya have been in Myanmar for centuries. They have legitimate claims to citizenship there. And the notion that they're stateless or somehow they are kind of an alien people is nonsense. It is nonsense. It is a myth perpetrated by the authorities in Myanmar. So yeah, the government of Bangladesh should have policies that are tolerant and willing to take care of the Rohingya for as long as they need to be taken care of. But the culprit here is the government and the military in Myanmar."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The government and military of Myanmar are responsible for the mistreatment of the Rohingya.","questions":"What is the main reason for the mistreatment of the Rohingya?","answer":"Government"}
{"text":["What about the new government in Kiev. They issued a statement which is, as you described - at least through the translation - sounds like fighting words. What's their reaction been?","Well, there's not been more reaction than that except to say that earlier today, the Ukrainian president, the acting Ukrainian president accused Russia of trying to provoke a military conflict. This was before the vote in the Russian Parliament. And he referred to Russia's action in the past in other former Soviet regions with large Russian populations and said that Moscow's approach in Crimea is very similar to what Russia did before invading in other former Soviets areas.","So, a great sense of concern, a great sense of uncertainty of what will come next. It's not clear whether this is a still a political game or this is military brinksmanship.","And we're told, for example, that the U. N.  had I guess special representative Robert Sery was in Russia. He was supposed to head to the Crimea. Anything you've heard about negotiations to talk this thing through?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) The implied meaning is that there is a great sense of uncertainty and concern about what will happen next, and it's not clear whether the situation is still a political game or has escalated to military brinksmanship. The literal meaning is consistent with this implied meaning.","questions":"Which word describes the situation in Ukraine as being uncertain and unclear?","answer":"Unclear"}
{"text":["Right.","It was just incredible. So our video this week is kind of the back story, the making of his Lego shuttle video, which has gotten tons of hits in the last. I mean, you know, which is the best. . .","It's a camera on - it's a Lego guy with a camera on a weather balloon, right?","Right. So they take this huge helium balloon, you know, a big, rubber weather balloon, fill it with helium, and then it goes up 115,000 feet. It takes two and a half hours to go up, and then, you know, it's shorter on the way down but. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) \"Right.\" This turn does not convey any literal meaning, but it serves as a signal that the listener is following the speaker's train of thought and agrees with what has been said. It is a type of backchanneling, which is a signal that the listener is actively listening and engaged in the conversation.","questions":"What is the turn of phrase used by PersonB to signal agreement and active listening in response to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Right"}
{"text":["Believe me, I was - I just went into a state of shock. Yeah, it was one of those things. I mean, I guess some people's imaginations run towards good fortune all the time, but I'm sort of the kid who's always sort of preparing myself for the apocalypse. So when something good happens, it's more extraordinary even than normal.","Yeah, do you know who nominated you, by the way?","Oh hell no, and whoever did kept their secret because I had no clue.","Oh, you won't find that out. That's so interesting because I think you'd want to go and thank them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person who nominated A did not reveal themselves intentionally.","questions":"What did the person who nominated PersonA intentionally not reveal?","answer":"Identity"}
{"text":["Yeah, of course. What really sealed the deal for me was when I had to pay $11. 25 to report each individual score to colleges on my list. And, of course, I believe, you know, there has to be a lot of money that goes into proctors, the readers for the essays, all that stuff. To just send scores?It doesn't cost $11 per score.","Of course, the College Board's a not-for-profit corporation.","Yeah. I mean, they pull in about $750 million-plus a year. In the last three years, there's been about a $60 million profit on average, and that's just insane.","Well, let me follow up on another part of your argument, Mr.  Tonelli. Do you think the costs of the tests deter students from applying to more than one college?And does it perhaps discourage poorer families?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A says that the College Board pulls in about $750 million-plus a year and has made an average profit of $60 million over the last three years, and that this is just insane. The actual meaning here is that the high revenue and profits generated by the College Board, a non-profit organization, are viewed as excessive and unreasonable by some people, particularly given the high costs that students and families must pay to take College Board tests.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the revenue and profits of the College Board?","answer":"Excessive"}
{"text":["What's missing from that?","I mean, a deeper understanding of why Syrians rose up in the first place. I mean, this is a regime that's been in power for 50 years. It has outlasted eight U. S.  presidents since Nixon. Think about that. And Bashar's organizing elections again in 2021, and he intends to run. So there's a chance he will probably outlast Trump, even if Trump wins a second term.","Sam Dagher is author of the book \"Assad Or We Burn The Country. \"He also contributes to The Atlantic. Sam, thank you so much for being with us.","You're welcome, Noel."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Syrian regime's longevity is a sign of their power and oppression, and Bashar's reelection will likely outlast Trump's presidency.","questions":"What is the likelihood of Bashar outlasting Trump?","answer":"Likely"}
{"text":["Let's start with the AP style guide - maybe I should say the Associated Press style guide because we're going to be talking about abbreviations. Those sometimes present decisions, right?Do we always need the say Internal Revenue Service on first reference?Doesn't everybody kind of know the UN or FBI by its initials, or NPR for that matter?So AP has now ruled about BLT.","They have. We can say BLT on first reference. Now I should start out by saying that NPR - we have our own standards and styles, but we usually are in line with AP's. In this case, I found a reference going back, at least to 2002 by someone named Scott Simon. . .","(Laughter) Oh, no.",". . . Who referred to a BLT as a BLT without saying bacon, lettuce and tomato.","I bring this up though because, as I don't have to tell you of all people, Mark, there are initials that have entered everyday language because they're abbreviations for profanities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"referred to a BLT as a BLT without saying bacon, lettuce and tomato\" - The literal meaning is that the person referred to a BLT sandwich without mentioning its components, which is also the actual meaning.","questions":"How did Scott Simon refer to a BLT?","answer":"BLT"}
{"text":["Yeah?",". . . Is this important, really, at the end of the day?Or is this all a distraction?","Well, in a lot of ways, this is a distraction from the larger issue, which is the Russia investigation and the concern that Russia's been influencing our elections, right?But in the one side, who was involved or who did what with whom?The real problem is that Russia is attacking our body politics. And we have to come together as Republicans, Democrats and really fight back against that problem because we've got by-elections coming up here in 2018.","Jamil Jaffer is the founder of the National Security Institute. Thank you very much for joining us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B believes that the topic being discussed is not important.","questions":"Which word describes PersonB's opinion on the importance of the topic being discussed?","answer":"Distraction"}
{"text":["When she decided it was not in the national interest to grant security clearances for these 25 individuals, her supervisor overruled her and never provided any rationale for his decisions. In the past, when she was overruled on rare occasion, they would - supervisor would point out the mitigating circumstances and would work with her to assess the risk. Her former supervisor Carl Kline wouldn't speak to her, in fact would direct her not to get involved in these disputed security adjudications.","There has been reporting that President Trump got personally involved in order to grant security clearances for his son-in-law and others. Do you have any awareness of that?","My client would have no direct awareness of that. It was at a much higher level than she was operating at.","What led your client Tricia Newbold to conclude that the problems she was seeing in her office could not be addressed within the executive branch that she works for but instead needed to be addressed by Congress?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) Implies that the speaker is asking if the client has any knowledge of President Trump's personal involvement in granting security clearances, rather than a literal reading of the question which could be interpreted as asking if the client has any awareness of the reporting itself.","questions":"Which question implies that the speaker is asking if the client has any knowledge of President Trump's personal involvement in granting security clearances?","answer":"Question1"}
{"text":["Being an African-American police officer is one of the most difficult things that you'll do because there are African-American police officers all around this country and in this city who I talk to on a daily bases that, even before recent history, believe that there were issues between police officers and young black men. And one of the things that I think creates the problem - I've heard the word utilized a lot in describing the relationship - is that African-American men and particularly young men - say late teens to early-to-mid-30s - are - the word used is demonized.","And there are black officers that you talk to on a daily basis who will tell you that it's tough. I see this, and I still have to be accepted. I still have to be a part of the police culture, living in two worlds.","But I'll say that if you're a black police officer in America, there are some difficulties simply because you know that your race and gender has been on the receiving end of some very serious and questionable uses of force, whether they be deadly or just plain force used to make an arrest. So it is seen as something that - a burden that we carry as African-American men who also work in police profession.","Lieutenant Thomas Glover is president of the Black Police Association of Greater Dallas. Lieutenant Glover, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Turn A: The implied meaning is that being a black police officer in America can be difficult because of the historical and ongoing use of excessive force against people of color, which can make it hard to reconcile one's identity as a black person with one's role as a police officer","questions":"Which group of people face the burden of carrying the historical and ongoing use of excessive force against them?","answer":"African-American"}
{"text":[". . . and you put your own video together out of this.","Right. So he has this whole collection of different embryos at different stages, and they - you measure age of embryo based - its postovulatory age. So it's very hard to tell exactly when the embryo was conceived, but you can kind of estimate based on ovulation. And so you look and you can see after 28 days what it looks like, after 42 days. And he's put together, actually, these sort of amazing time lapses so you can watch these changes over time.","And in talking to Smith, he's really thought a lot about what - why we have such a strong reaction to looking at embryos, and he's found this firsthand. I mean, and he gets emails all the time and sort of unpacks these questions, like, you know, is it - when you look at these pictures, does it strike you as more human or less human than you would have imagined, he asks. This is what he asked audience when he shows them. What is your experience with seeing these pictures in the past?You know, he said imagine 300 or 400 years ago, would - how would people imagine what an embryo is?This is a technologically. . .","Yeah. Yeah."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies that the interlocutor agrees with the previous statement and is encouraging the speaker to continue talking.","questions":"Which interlocutor is encouraging the speaker to continue talking?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["It's something that I think I've kind of really kind of gotten used to it over the years. But back when we really started taken off, it would be really strange to walk into a room with 20,000 people and you were the only African-American person in the room. I mean that happened a lot. And it's one of the things where I really had to come to grips with it.","I mean, I chose this life. I chose this job. This is what I wanted to do and, you know, I just - now it's no big deal, it's just the way it is. I love my job and I'm not going to change my job. So that just comes with the territory.","There's so many, what I call racial sharing moments going on right now and we, you know, we take them seriously, but we can also laugh at them. But sometimes have you ever felt that people ask you to be their guide into some greater understanding of blackness?","Oh, absolutely. You know, I've been playing Hootie & the Blowfish for 23 years, and we, you know, we've been doing' it. And I think my friends use me as a - like you said, as a vehicle to experience - and I know a lot of people that probably when they met me were pretty racist people, that are now really good friends of mine."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being the only African-American in a room with 20,000 people was a challenging experience for the speaker.","questions":"What was one of the things that the speaker had to come to grips with?","answer":"Challenging"}
{"text":["I don't know how long people's memories are about that, Jackie, and I raised that because it seems that most people seemed to have understood that President Obama inherited this economic crisis, and yet there is a question as to how long they will allow him to enjoy the good feeling of support before they turn on him. . .","Right.","If things don't turn in the economy quickly.","Well, that's right. You know, we're all hemming and hawing about this package. All will be forgotten. What people will remember is whether or not they felt like it worked. I think, you know, all the polls suggest now that the people really know the he did inherit this. He has - there's no blame for it and it's a, you know, nobody really knows what to do, they're just sort of experimenting much as Franklin Roosevelt did, you know 70 years ago. And - but I think that he definitely has to be seen as competent and that was a big rap against George Bush, that overtime people of the overwhelming majority of Americans just thought he was proven incompetent in handling the economy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : hemming and hawing is another way of saying they were complaining.... A LOT","questions":"How did people feel about the economy?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["Possibly more powerful or an offshoot of these, yes. Yeah, there's no doubt. This has been - Flame has, looks like, created probably around maybe 2007, 2008. So you know, we're talking five years ago, and Stuxnet was created a little bit after that. And then you've got Duqu that came out a year after Stuxnet. So these are just three of them, and yeah, there's no doubt that there are others.","And once again you say that for people who are concerned, if you update your Windows, Microsoft has a patch out now too, doesn't it, it should remove it from your PC?","Well, Microsoft's patch is different. Microsoft patches the vulnerabilities that the Flame used to spread on a machine or to get on a machine. But if you have antivirus updates, that's the thing that will prevent you from getting infected as well.","And is there any possibility that this was done by a bunch of hobbyists or people who wanted, you know, to just show that they wanted to get into systems?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  A's turn has a different actual meaning from its literal meaning. When A says \"Microsoft patches the vulnerabilities that the Flame used to spread on a machine or to get on a machine,\" they mean that Microsoft released a patch to fix the vulnerabilities that the Flame malware exploited to infect computers. The literal meaning might suggest that Microsoft somehow \"patches\" the Flame malware itself, which is not what is happening.","questions":"How does Microsoft's patch for the Flame malware fix the vulnerabilities?","answer":"Mitigation"}
{"text":["Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning.","And what about the value of closed-door sessions?Jared Kushner, the president's son-in-law and top adviser, met with the committee behind closed doors this week. What's the value of that to the committee even as it frustrates the public a bit?","Well, there are pluses and minuses to it. It's best if it's a preparation for a public session. Committee staff, for example, will do a behind-closed-doors questioning very thoroughly and minutely using documents in a way that you don't see so much in a public session. So it can be good preparation. It's also, in this particular situation, it's possible that there's a mixture of classified and non-classified material and you sort that out during the behind-closed-doors.","It sounds like you're describing a dress rehearsal or something like that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The literal meaning of this turn is to ask what is the value of closed-door sessions, however the implied meaning is to question the fairness of closed-door sessions to the public.","questions":"Which type of session does PersonB question the fairness of to the public?","answer":"sessions"}
{"text":["Hey. How you doing, Lulu?","I'm very well. For people who haven't been to Richmond, can you describe Monument Avenue for us?What statues are there?","Monument Avenue is one of the most beautiful stretches of street in the United States of America. I mean, it's tree-lined. It's on the national historic registry. There are statues to Robert E.  Lee. There's a statue to Jeb Stuart, to, you know, Stonewall Jackson. And there's a lonely statue of Arthur Ashe, which I call the only true champion on that stretch of street.","The tennis champion, Arthur Ashe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"I'm very well. For people who haven't been to Richmond, can you describe Monument Avenue for us? What statues are there?\" - The actual meaning is the speaker is politely introducing themselves, expressing their good health and asking a genuine question about Monument Avenue and its statues, rather than just making small talk.","questions":"What is PersonB's question related to Monument Avenue?","answer":"Description"}
{"text":["Well, at a Vatican briefing last Tuesday, the spokesman Father Frederico Lombardi used the Armenian term Medz Yeghern, which means the Great Evil. And he bristled when he was asked why he didn't say genocide. So when the prepared text of the Pope's speech last night used only the Armenian term, most of us thought that was a possible diplomatic overture toward Turkey.","In his actual delivery, the Pope added the word genocide. He said that genocide made possible by the twisted racial ideological or religious aims that darken the minds of the tormentors, even to the point of planning the annihilation of entire peoples. \"That drew a standing ovation from the president of Armenia and the diplomatic corps.","The pope visited the genocide memorial today. What did he say there?","Well, it was a a very powerful scene. Francis stood with his head bowed in prayer next to the Armenian apostolate patriarch and a group of black hooded Orthodox bishops while musicians performed a mournful melody on an ancient Armenian flute that's called the duduk. Here's what it sounds like."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) The performance of a mournful melody on the Armenian flute symbolized the grief of the Armenian people.","questions":"What did the mournful melody on the Armenian flute symbolize?","answer":"Grief"}
{"text":["Well, the first thing we did is we discussed with our veterans who had worked to install the Eternal Flame Memorial, this particular feature to this park, and tried to work out some sort of an agreement. And it was agreed that if we could keep the flame going, we would do that, but that it may require us to shut it down for a short period of time while we re-engineer or figure out what we can do to make this work. Unfortunately, we're in a budget crunch, and every penny counts.","I understand that shortly after you got this bill, the flame went out for a little bit.","It was shut off for about a day and half, two days. It was shut off for a brief period of time. That's correct.","And veterans there in Bullhead City didn't take too kindly to that decision."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Veterans were upset about the decision to shut down the flame.","questions":"What was the reaction of veterans to the decision mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Upset"}
{"text":["And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?","You know, we saw reports. As we were doing live coverage, we saw reports of damage start to trickle in. But, really, right after an earthquake, it is, like, fog of war. No one knows what's going on. Emergency responders are just going out trying to survey the damage. We did hear reports of fires.","We got some calls into our - into KPCC of people telling us that they had fallen. One woman said that she thought maybe she broke her wrist. And there were a lot of people who were just afraid to go back into their houses, which is another big thing with big earthquakes - is that it disrupts people's lives not just for that one moment, but continuously, especially after aftershock after aftershock after aftershock keeps hitting.","All right. Well, we'll be getting updates throughout the morning. And thanks very much for joining us. KPCC's Jacob Margolis, science reporter and host of a podcast called \"The Big One: Your Survival Guide. \"Thank you, Jacob."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : We saw reports of damage slowly come in to our studio. It is chaotic and confusing for everyone right after an earthquake and everyone is a bit stunned.","questions":"What is the situation like after an earthquake?","answer":"Stunned"}
{"text":["I think Gary offers central location. It's close to a number of freeways. There's access to Chicago. There's certainly lower cost of living for employees. Yeah, the employees will be generously compensated. But, you know, moving into a larger market - Chicago, Boston, possibly some places like Austin - you're going to have a lot of that income gobbled up immediately by real estate and housing. And I think for Gary, it's a tremendous opportunity to turn a corner.","Yeah, but what about the tax rate?","Tax rate - I mean, it's more generous than Illinois, so, certainly for businesses and corporations. So there's that appeal there. And I know there's been, you know, conversation with the governor of Indiana, Governor Holcomb, about kind of preparing this plan. I can't speak to how much of that has happened or not. But I think that's another advantage.","There's so many cities preparing a bit for Amazon's second headquarters. But will the winner have to grant so many tax breaks, it won't wind up being that much of an economic gain?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The implied meaning of the second turn is asking if the tax rate in Indiana is lower than Illinois, and if it is, will the winner of Amazon's second headquarters have to grant so many tax breaks that it won't be a big economic gain in the end.","questions":"What is the concern raised by PersonB regarding the tax rate and economic gain for the winner of Amazon's second headquarters?","answer":"tax"}
{"text":["And so my point is that with the fact that they didn't seem to have old and outdated technology, you couple that now with an administration that's new, that basically, I say he made it into the White House due to the speed of the Internet. So you have a bunch of people that are used to using Facebook, social networking, mobile phones and wireless connectivity, and then you take them back into what feels like the '80s. That's just not going to work.","It seems really bizarre. I have another question for you, and I don't know if you have the answer to it or not. Since the president - I want to talk about the BlackBerry again - since the president was allowed to keep his BlackBerry, are we to assume that there has been some sort of technological advancement with regard to security that the president's BlackBerry would have, that my BlackBerry and your BlackBerry don't have?","Yeah.","My BlackBerry and your BlackBerry sitting by the fire."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He made into the White House because of how fast information is shared.  If you take people back to a time when they did not happen no one will like it.","questions":"Which technology did the president's BlackBerry have that the other BlackBerries didn't have?","answer":"Security"}
{"text":["Right. And people in Detroit and in Michigan have seen that up close. Detroit is one of the country's leading cities for foreclosures, and people have just seen the values of their houses plummet there. What do you hear from your readers?","Well, they're very angry. And the next question is, well, who are they angry at?And the answer seems to be, well, who's available. If McCain is doing a swing through the suburbs today, they'll be mad at McCain. If the Democratic governor of Michigan, Jennifer Granholm, visits Detroit, they'll be mad at her. Both candidates still have favorable ratings above 50 percent. That's a little bit at variance with what I'm hearing anecdotally from readers. They seem much more polarized than that, and the Obama people seem much more hateful towards McCain and vice versa.","And what do they want to hear from the candidates?","They want to hear how the candidates are going to stem the hemorrhaging of manufacturing jobs in Michigan or alternatively, what they're going to replace those jobs with. Michigan has been struggling with job losses, foreclosures and high unemployment for well over a year now. And there's anger, but there's also a little bit of numbness at the constant patter of bad news."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"swing through the suburbs\" - actual meaning: visit the suburbs","questions":"Which city is mentioned as one of the leading cities for foreclosures?","answer":"Detroit"}
{"text":["It's out of sight. It's really high. We have actual concentrations and standards that are somewhere like four, five times lower than that. So, these are all very, very high numbers, even when they're low on the Chinese scale.","It sounds as though you could project things ahead for the beginning of the Olympics. What would you expect?","Well, it's pretty good right now. But I've just been looking at the extended forecast for winds, and the middle of next week, things are going to change quite radically, around the 3rd or the 4th. The big high-pressure system from out over the Pacific is going to kick in, and that's going to produce strong winds coming over the polluted areas to the south of Beijing, and it's going to pick up a lot of pollution. And according to these forecasts, it's going to be a pretty dirty end of next week. And unfortunately, that coincides with the Opening Ceremonies a week from today.","Ken, these are official Chinese numbers that you're working with, and you are sitting there in Rhode Island looking at these. Are the numbers trustworthy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Are the numbers trustworthy?\" - This does not literally mean that the speaker is questioning whether the numbers can be trusted. It implies that the speaker is skeptical about the accuracy of the numbers and is seeking clarification.","questions":"Which word implies that the speaker is skeptical about the accuracy of the numbers?","answer":"Trustworthy"}
{"text":["The strategy, Scott, is really hard to describe in Syria. So in Iraq, there is a clear strategy. You can like it or not, or you can say it's succeeding or not, but it's basically to build up the capacity of the Iraqi security forces to battle ISIL. To help build up more capacity in Sunni areas and the Anbar province. . .","Well, but let me - forgive me, Senator.","Yeah.","I don't want to impersonate the last debate that we just saw, but we've just got. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the literal meaning implies that B is asking for forgiveness from the Senator. However, the implied meaning is that B wants to interject or interrupt the conversation, acknowledging the potential interruption in a polite manner.","questions":"What is PersonB's intention when saying \"Well, but let me - forgive me, Senator\"?","answer":"Interject"}
{"text":["And that's despite the fact that medics there say they need more supplies, they don't have what they need.","Well, again, we have a very long and porous border with eastern Congo. So knowing exactly where cases may come across is always a difficult thing to know. But we, the U. S.  government, as well as WHO and other partners, have been working very assiduously with the government of Uganda over the last 11 months while this outbreak has been going on in eastern Congo to help build their capacity. Supplies are always a challenge in terms of supply chain, moving things where they need to go. But we feel fairly comfortable that the ability to respond and respond quickly exists here in Uganda.","You mentioned this long and porous border. So the first case in Uganda was this 5-year-old boy who reportedly went to Congo, got the virus there then came back to Uganda with his grandmother, and they both passed. How are the borders being handled?Is security being stepped up?","Since the outbreak in DRC in August of last year, we have worked, along with other partners, with the government of Uganda, to establish screening along the border posts."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This implies that the lack of adequate medical supplies has been affecting the medics response to the virus.","questions":"What is the reason for the medics' struggle with the virus?","answer":"Response"}
{"text":["Well, the president fires the attorney general. The new guy fires the special counsel. History repeats itself. No, the president - President Nixon understood the Constitution. He understood how to govern. He knew he was walking a tightrope. So when a lot of different people in Congress, the public, the courts stood up and showed their courage and they were outraged and started to push back, he backed down. He let the investigation continue. And 10 months later, he resigned. This time it looks like a circus where the clowns are walking a tightrope in slow motion and some people are cheering as if it's a joke. But it's not a joke.","Mr.  Doyle, I must say you sounded almost wistful speaking about Richard Nixon.","(Laughter) Well, yeah. You know, I've never compared Richard Nixon to Thomas Jefferson before. Never thought I should. But I told someone yesterday that compared to Donald Trump, Richard Nixon is Thomas Jefferson.","All right. I'll leave that as your opinion."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The current situation is chaotic and not following the rules of the Constitution ","questions":"How does PersonA describe the current situation?","answer":"Constitution"}
{"text":["So when did it start to go bad?","Well, when they started cutting the shifts back. You know, they had three shifts. And when things started going bad, we started opening at seven o'clock in the morning just to accommodate to the third shift people so that they could come here, have a bite to eat and a drink before they went home.","And then third shift, you know, they did away with that. So then we started - we quit opening up early because of that, and so that really cut back on our business. Then, they got rid of the next shift. They are only one shift. It just like gradually has gotten worse and worse. So now, we're concerned, what about now, when there's going to be nobody.","Was this - I don't know - was this a dream to own your own business, own your own restaurant?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : cutting shifts back means that they cut hours someone has to work, or removed a shift someone is working","questions":"What did they start doing when things started going bad?","answer":"Opening"}
{"text":["And how did this start?","Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story. And then I would write the story. And then I would send it to him. And I'd give him a first line. And he would start a story. And he would send that back to me. And we did that. And so we decided that we'd open that up to the rest of the world.","How many stories do you typically get?","We run between 300 and 450 submissions in issue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker is describing the history of their literary magazine and how they started accepting submissions, the implied meaning is that the magazine has been successful and has been accepting submissions for a long time.","questions":"What is the main characteristic of the literary magazine described by PersonA and B?","answer":"College"}
{"text":["Well, they all have different - they work differently, you know, in terms of the receptors they hit, in terms of how they're metabolized in our body and how they interact with our body's tissue. So each one is a very different animal in trying to attack.","Is this something that a drug company would be interested in developing, if you found some research or did some of the basic research?","I really wish it would, but I think a lot of big drug companies don't feel that drug addicts are a great investment. So they've kind of shied away from looking at therapies for addiction. I wish they would get more involved, that's for sure.","Well, what about something for an overdose?You don't have to be a drug addict to have an overdose."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Race is a deep-seated issue in society that cannot be easily solved","questions":"Which company has shied away from looking at therapies for addiction?","answer":"Big"}
{"text":["They had psychiatrists on call, they had access to medication and ability to control that population or to deal with that population. They had psychiatrists on call, they had access to medication and ability to control that population or to deal with that population. If you are in a smaller place, you may not have that and you do not have that access, and there's more warehousing and restrictive methods going on because they don't have any other way to deal with them. If you are in a smaller place, you may not have that and you do not have that access, and there's more warehousing and restrictive methods going on because they don't have any other way to deal with them.","So really it depends on where you are, what kind of law that you've violated in order to determine how well the institution where you are is able to deal with whatever difficulty you have. So really it depends on where you are, what kind of law that you've violated in order to determine how well the institution where you are is able to deal with whatever difficulty you have.","Well, Judge Lynn Toler, it's always great to have you on. Well, Judge Lynn Toler, it's always great to have you on. Thanks so much. Thanks so much.","Always good to be here. Always good to be here."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : because the speaker said always good to be here","questions":"Which speaker expresses gratitude towards the other for being on the show?","answer":"Speaker"}
{"text":["A few names come to mind when you say Hoosier basketball: Larry Bird, Gene Hackman, who was in a movie, and Bob Knight, about whom they make movies. Bob Knight coached three Indiana University teams to three NCAA championship titles and, a record of which he's equally proud, almost all of his players graduated. Mr.  Knight left Indiana after a controversy involving his treatment of players. He went on to coach at Texas Tech and is now retired from coaching and is a featured commentator for ESPN's college basketball coverage. He has a new book in which he lays out the philosophy of his coaching and how it might apply to life: \"The Power of Negative Thinking. \"Coach Bob Knight joins us now from the studios of ETV Radio in Columbia, South Carolina. Thanks very much for being with us.","I'm happy to be here.","You say you want to help people take off their rose-colored glasses. What do you mean?","Well, I think that we as a people are always prone to think about, well, tomorrow will be a better day. Well, why will it be a better day?And I think the more that we believe in doing things better, doing the right thing rather than hoping that that's going to happen, let's make it happen. And that's kind of how I looked at coaching in all the years that I coached."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : none","questions":"How did Coach Bob Knight view coaching during all the years he coached?","answer":"Happen"}
{"text":["We're still going to have a problem. I mean, there is no question that there is already layoff. There's going to be an economic decline. There's going to be a recession. The question is how deep and, you know, is this going to be a catastrophe or is just going to be bad. This is not the last thing we're going to have to do.","Yeah, we've got $2. 1 trillion in non-prime mortgages about to reset in the next 18 months. Many of which will go into foreclosure unless there is a mechanism for those homeowners who could meet obligations to renegotiate with their lenders. And there was a bubble in the housing market that's going to be deflated. But the question is, are we going to go off a cliff?Or is there going to be a gradual decline and then the settling down and that's what we hope to achieve.","Democratic California Congresswoman Zoe Lofgren. Thank you very much for joining us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The housing market bubble will burst and we hope for a gradual decline.","questions":"What is the hope for the decline of the housing market bubble?","answer":"Settling"}
{"text":["So basically it has to say, you know, our sticker price is this amount. If you have insurance, that cost may vary.","OK. But that's a good point. Do people actually pay that official sticker price in most cases?","So that's the drug industry's argument against this proposal. They say that because of insurance coverage, hardly anyone pays the price the Trump administration is forcing these drug makers to include in their ads. That price is often called the list price or the sticker price, as we said. Drugmakers argue that including that price would scare consumers off from even going to their doctor and asking about a drug because they'd see a sky-high list price, and they would think - I can't afford that; I'm not going to go to the doctor.","Well, now that's interesting because that could be bad for someone's health. But is that actually what the government may want in some cases - for a consumer to make an informed decision that this drug just seems really pricey for the benefits alleged with it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The official sticker price is not necessarily the price people pay for drugs due to insurance coverage.","questions":"What is the argument of drugmakers against the proposal?","answer":"Scaring"}
{"text":["What the government says they're doing is addressing the problem with intelligence, which means being aware of rifts like this inside the gangs before they become violent. Fifty-five dead shows that that strategy failed here. And the governor says he's not renewing the contract of the private company that runs these prisons. Now they are taking these transfer measures. You know, they're using the intelligence that they have to transfer some gang leaders to a maximum security prison and then moving 200 other inmates who they say have received death threats. And that's their measures right now. The city is also under alert. There are police on the streets making sure this doesn't spill out into gun violence on the streets. And, you know, we'll see over the next few days whether that can contain even more possible violence.","Interesting that you say it's a private company that is running these prisons. Given that, why are these facilities so out of control?These are profit-making enterprises.","Watchdog groups have been sending out red flags about prison overcrowding in Brazil for many years now, and so it really is a political will issue. Many experts, after the tragedy of the past few days - including a U. N.  spokesperson yesterday - say that to really address this problem, you have to reduce overcrowding. And countrywide, prisons are around 70% over capacity and around 137% in this state alone.","Just quickly - Brazil's new president, Jair Bolsonaro, is a guy who talks tough on crime. Has he said anything about this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The government failed to prevent the gang violence despite claiming to address the problem with intelligence.","questions":"Which strategy failed to prevent the gang violence?","answer":"Intelligence"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, maybe you should - give it a shot. And then let me try it after.","That is so good.","Converted her. Fan of grapefruit.","You know why?'Cause it doesn't taste like grapefruit.","Right. Is it good?Is it to boozy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : (5) Refers to asking if the new food is good or too strong in terms of alcoholic content.","questions":"Which aspect of the new food is PersonA asking about in turn 4?","answer":"Aspect"}
{"text":["No, I didn't think they were racially motivated. They were just wrong. The president actually was referring to my opposition to the war in Iraq and suggesting somehow that I have not consistently opposed the war in Iraq.","Everybody who's looked at my track record knows that from 2002, when I made a speech in front of 3,000 people saying the war in Iraq was a mistake. Until today, I have consistently been opposed to this war.","And so the president, I think, was massaging the truth a little bit, and that's part of sort of standard Washington politics. But I think, at this point, you know, we're - we just want to move forward and make sure that we are talking about the issues that people are struggling with and particularly in economy right now that is teetering on the edge of recession.","That was Illinois Senator Barack Obama."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In the statement, \"the president...was massaging the truth a little bit,\" the implied meaning is that the president was not telling the truth or was being dishonest. The phrase \"massaging the truth\" is a figurative expression that means to manipulate or distort the truth. It is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as a way to express skepticism or doubt about the president's claims.","questions":"Which figurative expression did Obama use to describe the president's actions?","answer":"Massaging"}
{"text":["Yeah, exactly. The case of China is interesting because China makes it a practice in its Africa policy to claim non-interference in a country's politics. And that makes it a favorite in places like Sudan and like Zimbabwe, which have some very basic problems. But these African countries also have natural resources that China desires. And so there's this quid pro quo, so to speak.","And Russia, of course, is, you know, perhaps arguably the world's largest supplier of illicit arms, and that's, you know, a connection, as well. And, of course, North Korea has trained some Zimbabwean soldiers and has a good relationship with Mugabe. So you can see there's a connection.","Absolutely. Professor Keller, thank you so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) In turn (1), the speaker implies that China's non-interference policy is not entirely true, and that they use it as a cover to gain access to natural resources in African countries like Sudan and Zimbabwe.","questions":"What is the connection between North Korea and Mugabe mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Relationship"}
{"text":["Yeah, he loved it. He totally loved it, because he's not musical. He doesn't play an instrument. So, you know, I think when he's writing, it's a basic, almost like a poetry kind of - he's just writing with a little beat in his head. But when he hears a song of his completely flushed out with melody and instrumentation, it really bowls him over.","MR.  DAN AUERBACH: (Singing) How you were?In my sleep. (Unintelligible) never keep. . .","A number of songs that you've done as half of half of the Black Keys have wound up in films and in TV shows and even video games. The tune \"Strange Times\" appeared on the radio station in Grand Theft Auto IV. How do you feel about your music winding up in these places?","I think it's cool. I mean, you know, they don't play music much on the radio anymore, you know, not major radio. Getting our music out there anyway possible, it's the way to go, and video games are pretty huge, although I can't really play video games. I don't know. The modern video games kind of - they're too three dimensional. Have you ever played the. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : When he hears a song of his completed with music and song he gets really excited and impressed.","questions":"How does he react to his songs being flushed out with melody and instrumentation?","answer":"Excited"}
{"text":["Well, one of the big questions is going to be whether or not Donald Trump is able to turn out all of these new voters that he says he's going to be able to turn out. So if you look at the numbers on caucus night, if the numbers are about 150,000 or higher on the Republican side, people think that's a good day for Donald Trump. If there are 125,000 to 150,000, that's the number of people are saying could be good for Ted Cruz.","Democratic side, both Sen.  Sanders and Hillary Clinton seem to be getting good crowds.","For the Democrats, the thing to watch here is that Hillary Clinton has been in this state for two years organizing. They feel like they have their strong core base of support. They have Barack Obama's field operation there. Remember, he won this state in 2008. Bernie Sanders has a interesting complication because he's getting huge crowds. A lot of his supporters are young. They're college-age. The problem with them is that they're all concentrated in a few different places. He's winning more than a quarter of his vote right now in three counties. They're actually encouraging a lot of these kids to go back home so that they can filter out the vote in the rest of the state because the way delegates are picked, they need a little bit more of these kids to go back to other places. Otherwise, Hillary Clinton could wind up winning in rural counties and wind up beating Bernie Sanders, even though he might have a lot of vote concentrated in those cities.","All this concentration on Iowa - and I don't regret a moment on it. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"If there are 125,000 to 150,000, that's the number of people are saying could be good for Ted Cruz.\"  Implicated meaning: The number of people turning out to vote within the range of 125,000 to 150,000 is considered favorable for Ted Cruz's chances.  Explanation: The literal meaning of the statement is straightforward, stating that a voter turnout within a specific range is seen as beneficial for Ted Cruz. The implicated meaning, however, goes beyond the literal interpretation by suggesting that the voter turnout range is an indication of Ted Cruz's potential success in the election.","questions":"Which candidate benefits from a voter turnout of 125,000 to 150,000?","answer":"Ted-Cruz"}
{"text":["Right. Exactly. As you said, at the end of a marathon, basically everybody's carrying something often for a runner who's coming in over the line. So what now seems suspicious might seem less so. Although when you look at the faces of the two suspects on the video, they didn't seem - they seemed like they did stand out a bit. I'm not saying that I would've noticed it, trained observer that I am. But. . .","Mm-hmm. That's right.",". . . as we all think that we are. But again, in hindsight, 20\/20, as they always say.","And 20\/20 hindsight, again, the questions have to be asked. Is it fair to ask the Boston Police Department, did you drop the ball considering the sacrifices everybody made in the week that followed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Although the speaker is trained, they may not have noticed the suspicious behavior of the suspects.","questions":"What is the PersonA's profession?","answer":"Observer"}
{"text":["You know, it'd be nice if we could all hold hands and hug each other and sing \"Kumbaya\" and it be like that. But fact is, whether we like it or not, our country and virtually every other country in the world has become heavily dependent on satellites. So it's natural that you're going to see warfighting move up into that domain.","We've got to stay ahead of that. Now, hopefully, if we're smart and effective at this, it will have a chilling effect on anybody wanting to try and go there because that's one of the things that we have found keeps war at bay, is when you're the biggest, baddest cat on the block. Nobody wants to bother with you. We are not maintaining that status when it comes to space like we are terrestrially.","Congressman Mike Rogers of Alabama, thank you so much for joining us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Being the dominant power in space can deter others from challenging us in that domain.","questions":"Which domain can deter others from challenging us if we are the dominant power in it?","answer":"Space"}
{"text":["All right.","OK, but anyway, we're all working at the same - working so hard and so long on trying to get something done because we're - people like me are doing this because they love the country, and they're worried about it. We've got a lot of us around, and we're trying to find our place in this thing, and it looks like the White House and the Republicans do have a way to get information in.","It's very hard for changes to be made and agreements. I don't know how they're doing that. It's a very strange kind of organization. But. . .","Well, let me ask you, how much did the election change things?There's the same cast of characters, pretty much.","Well, I - people that aren't there negotiating, and I'm not there, but people that aren't are speculating on all kinds of things, in terms of the president is playing with more power, he acts like a tyrant because he won the election. I don't really see that at this point, that there is any big change because of the election.","Well, the president, if he campaigned on one thing, it was raise taxes on the wealthy."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The president doesn't seem to be acting like a tyrant, despite speculation that he's using more power since winning the election.","questions":"How is the president perceived after winning the election?","answer":"Perceived"}
{"text":["And what Kansas has done is to try to turn things around once again so that not every parolee who runs afoul of an administrative rule, is immediately shipped back to prison, but instead is given another chance. And actually, the parole officer will work with them to try to keep them out of prison, as opposed to just trying to lock them - lock the cuffs on them as fast as possible.","Well, Jennifer, great to talk to you. Thank you.","Thanks so much, Farai.","Jennifer Gonnerman is the author of \"Life on the Outside: The Prison Odyssey of Elaine Bartlett. \"She wrote the article, \"Slammed: Welcome to the Age of Incarceration. \"It's the lead article in a special edition of Mother Jones magazine examining America's prison system. And she joined us from our NPR Studios in New York."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Not every parolee who violates a rule is sent back to prison immediately","questions":"What is the aim of Kansas' approach towards parolees who violate administrative rule?","answer":"Work."}
{"text":["We were both going after a kind of Everest. It's something big and difficult, dangerous for sure. The tribes were known to shoot at anyone who came into their area. On top of that, you've got to evade the Indian authorities who put them under protection. Plus, China has claimed that area, so there's a high military presence there. So the whole thing, if you're young and adventurous, it's kind of fantastic.","Tell me about John Allen Chau specifically and his motivations and what drove him and what surprised you about where he came from.","There's a number of different things. John was a huge outdoorsman, very capable. And he was particularly a kind of solo adventurer, did a lot of solo hikes for days at a time. And that actually turns out to be - in the missionary world, there's a kind of extreme sports end of the missionary world. It's all bro and dude and legit and hey and high-fives and scaling down cliffs to meet an uncontacted tribe. Very often, I've got to say, that story - the story that they're all trying to tell - is of the solo adventurer going into the jungle and finding the lost tribe.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : what drove him in this context means what inspired or motivated him","questions":"What kind of adventurer was John Allen Chau according to A?","answer":"solo"}
{"text":["Yeah.","I love salt.","You didn't see that coming. (Laughter) You love salt.","I totally didn't.","That's an essential mineral."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implicated meaning: A is teasing or mocking B for not realizing that B loves salt. The phrase \"You didn't see that coming\" implies that B's love for salt was unexpected or surprising.","questions":"What was unexpected according to turn 2?","answer":"B's"}
{"text":["Thank you. Thanks for having me.","Now, Mr.  Pruitt approached deregulation with enthusiasm. Quickly, could you just give us a sense of his principal achievements?","He had actually very few achievements. He has many proposals in the pipeline. But most are in the pipeline, and most are deeply flawed.","So not likely to go zipping along and become new regulations.","I think that many will probably be revisited and, if they want them to be successful, will have to be adjusted and pay more attention to the law and pay more attention to science and protection of the environment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Mr. Pruitt did not achieve much despite his enthusiasm for deregulation","questions":"Which individual's achievements were deeply flawed despite their enthusiasm for deregulation?","answer":"Pruitt"}
{"text":["But shouldn't you at least offer the people you're polling the option of checking that box as one of the issues?","In terms of?","Of, you know, as climate change or renewable energy, things like that. The choice is not even offered on the sheet of things that you - that is on your radar screen.","Yeah. Well, this is actually a really important point, is that when you look at - and I'll just come back to media coverage as an example. You know, for most people, this is an issue that's invisible. I mean, you can look out your window right this moment, and there's CO2 pouring out of tailpipes, out of smokestacks, out of buildings, but you can't see it, and likewise you can't see the impacts unless you know where to look. In fact, the only way most Americans even know about this issue is because of what they've learned about it in the media. They're not reading the peer-reviewed literature. They don't know scientists personally. They're learning about it through the media. And when the media doesn't report this issue, it's literally out of sight and out of mind."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"out of sight, out of mind\" - This is a well-known idiom that means if you can't see something, you tend to forget about it, rather than a literal interpretation.","questions":"Which idiom explains the concept of forgetting about something if it is not visible?","answer":"Out"}
{"text":["Didn't Elon Musk know all this before he sent out that memorable tweet on August 7?","Well, a lot of people think he should have. Let's go back to that August 7 when he sent out that tweet and said I'm considering taking the company private, funding secured at $420 a share. And analysts immediately were very dubious that Musk could pull this off. Where would he get the 10 billions of dollars to take the company private?Did he really have the funding secured as he claimed?And that is something that the Securities and Exchange Commission is investigating, according to multiple reports. And Musk said at the time - or Musk said that two-thirds of the investors would stick with Tesla if it went private, but he really had no way of knowing that.","And why did he want to take the company private in any case?","Well, he's always chafed at the demands of Wall Street - the quarterly earnings reports, the pesky questions from analysts. He famously called one analyst's question boring and boneheaded on an earnings call earlier this year. But perhaps even more than all this, Musk. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Musk wants to take Tesla private to avoid the demands of Wall Street","questions":"How did Musk plan to avoid the demands of Wall Street?","answer":"Private"}
{"text":["I mean, well, first of all, it's a real place. It's called Highclere. So when it's blown up to the big screen, it's not like a set that looks chintzy and you can see the seams. This is a real dining room, a real library. And you see some of the grounds. The grounds, it turns out - I didn't know this - were landscaped by a man with one of my favorite names, Capability Brown.","(Laughter) Love that.","He's a famous landscape architect. And he did the original Highclere grounds. And they look great.","I was amazed, watching it, at how many plotlines they were able to squeeze in. I left, like, counting them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : I left counting them means there were so many of them, not that I actually counted them.","questions":"Which action did the speaker take after watching the movie?","answer":"Counting"}
{"text":["My pleasure.","And we will get to civilization being in danger, I assure you. But first question - you just heard our interview with our Justice Department correspondent. Is it a good or bad decision not to release the Democratic memo?","I think it's a mistake. I've read the memo. And, again, our entire society is based on, you know, counterpoints. You think this. I think that. And the Socratic process is that the truth falls out as you go through that back and forth. I think it's a mistake not to release.","I have to tell you, you're one of the first public officials I've heard quote the Socratic process. I will mark that - which raises the question that you raise, why does this budget deal put civilization in danger?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The interviewer is surprised by the guest's knowledge of the Socratic process and is implying that the guest's opinion is reliable.","questions":"What process does the interviewer mention that surprises them and makes them consider the guest's opinion reliable?","answer":"Socratic"}
{"text":["I'm just - I'm 84, but - and I'm going to just keep going until suddenly I notice that somebody has approached with a hook, and the curtain is closing. But I continue to do basic research, as for example biogeography of ant faunas of the Pacific, and writing on the general subjects that we've been addressing today.","You talk in your book about having the summer off as a kid with lots of time to do what you want. Do kids need unstructured time?","They need a lot. They need a lot. I would say that generally speaking if you have a bright, inquisitive kid, and very few are not innately that way, and you were given a choice, two months of summer camp with advanced, more advanced preparation in various subjects with college on the horizon in mind, between that and cutting them loose in the woods or in a very interesting natural environment, and I say cutting them loose not entirely but if you know where they are, take the latter for heaven's sake. It's the latter where they will dream and beginning to form in their own mind those ideas, those conceptions, those misperceptions to be corrected that make up a strong mental ability and character.","Dr.  Wilson, thank you so much for taking time - it's always such a pleasure to have you on SCIENCE FRIDAY. Thank you for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The kids will begin to think of ideas as they explore on their own.","questions":"What will kids develop as they explore on their own?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["He apologized for the messages and essentially blamed the fact that he worked really long days and often used this group chat to - as he said, you know, relieve stress. That did not sit well with people, obviously. He ended up, like you said, having to ask most of his inner circle to step down. But that has not appeased anyone. The outcry and the demands for his resignation have only grown. Not only from his political opponents - also, essentially everyone within his own party here in Puerto Rico has abandoned him. And now there is talk within the legislature of beginning the process of removing him from office if he doesn't step down on his own.","And has he said that he is considering it?Or what is he saying about that possibility?","No, he's basically dug his feet in and has said he is not going to resign. He said he was, you know, elected governor by the people of Puerto Rico, feels like he has a lot of work to do and intends to continue doing it. A big question is obviously how because he has lost the confidence of everyone within his government, and no one really sees him having the capital needed to govern.","That is NPR's Adrian Florido joining us from San Juan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person in question is not willing to resign from his position despite the controversy surrounding him","questions":"How is the person in question responding to the calls for resignation?","answer":"NotResigning"}
{"text":["No, but then - you know, and then somebody would come up - I think it was Carlene, who was our nurse, came up with the idea. Well, cut it into slices. And then you can lay out the slices - like, all this so that we can keep from doing the - like, that's why they give you a rectory - so that you could serve the church. Like, give it up.","(Laughter) That's hilarious. What do you think you got out of writing this book?And what do you hope other people get out of reading your book?","I think I got back the experience. In \"Law And Order,\" you always see the crazy criminals take trophies, and they put them in a box and cement them down in the basement. I think I do that with grief. I think we - I put the fun things in there, and then I lock it up. I wanted all of this back. You know, I wanted the laughter. I wanted her. I wanted those years with my family. I wanted access to them again. And I wanted to do it while keeping company with all kinds of other people who are isolated by the very nature of caregiving. I wanted that back in my life, available to me.","We've been speaking with Lorene Cary. Her latest book is \"Ladysitting: My Year With Nana At The End Of Her Century. \"And Lorene was kind enough to join us from the University of Pennsylvania, where she teaches."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker keeps the happy memories of her past with her loved ones locked up inside her to deal with her grief.","questions":"What does the speaker lock up to deal with her grief?","answer":"Memories"}
{"text":["Exactly. And they're all seeing poll numbers where the president's numbers nationally have slipped into the 30s. But when it comes to Republican voters, the president remains strong.","Now, your newspaper, The Washington Post, is reporting this morning that President Trump tried to get Jeff Sessions to drop the charges against Sheriff Arpaio. But he was advised that this would be inappropriate. Is this just another instance of the president being a newbie politician, someone that's kind of just new to the job here?","It's also an example of how the president's not only an outsider trying to intervene in these kinds of legal affairs. But he's been working on this Arpaio pardon for months, going as far as to ask the attorney general, one of his top allies, at least early in the administration to stop the prosecution from moving forward to help Arpaio get off. And this is raising concerns in both parties about the kind of behavior the president has when it comes to criminal justice. Is he doing too much to intervene?That's the question on Capitol Hill.","So not a snap decision. You say he's been working on it for a while."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Is he doing too much to intervene? That's the question on Capitol Hill.\" - The actual meaning implied here is that there are concerns in both parties about the president's behavior when it comes to criminal justice, particularly his intervention in the Arpaio case.","questions":"What is the question on Capitol Hill regarding the president's behavior in criminal justice?","answer":"Intervention"}
{"text":["But Barack Obama blew right straight through half a million, a million. He's now approaching a million and a half donors. And of course they are not all giving the maximum amount of money, most of them are just giving 100 dollars or less, or 200 dollars or less. Nonetheless, the size, the base of that fundraising operation means that he can raise all the money that he needs, including, very possibly, money that would go to help retire Hillary Clinton's campaign debt after she does drop out, assuming some day she does.","Well Ron, thanks so much.","Thank you, Farai.","That was NPR's senior Washington editor Ron Elving, and he joined me at NPR headquarters in Washington, D. C."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"blow right straight through\" - This is an idiomatic expression that means to exceed a goal or a limit with great force or speed. It does not mean that Barack Obama physically blew through anything.","questions":"What does the expression \"blow right straight through\" mean?","answer":"Exceed"}
{"text":["I don't think he is. I haven't heard him talk about the Constitution or small government. It's hard to say you espouse conservative principals and small-government principals when you are saying that you think Canadian health care system works and it's wonderful.","An NBC Wall Street Journal poll shows that Mr.  Trump has a very high favorability rating among conservative talk radio listeners. Do you have listeners that say to you you're wrong about this?","(Laughter) Not yet. I have lots of listeners who say that I'm wrong on this, but that's OK. I speak my mind, and my opinion is my opinion, nothing more and nothing less. I look for a man of integrity, humility, who is rooted in the Constitution - because if you root yourself in the Constitution, we can't go too far left, and we can go too far right. We are held by principles we all used to declare we found self-evident.","Do you have any sense of rivalry with Donald Trump?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  In this context, \"root yourself in the Constitution\" implies having a firm understanding of the values and principles in the Constitution, as opposed to its literal meaning of physically planting yourself in the document. ","questions":"How does \"root yourself in the Constitution\" imply having a firm understanding of the values and principles in the Constitution? (Answer: Implication)","answer":"Understanding"}
{"text":["Yeah.","You're just sitting there going, wow!You know, if you just do a double take, you're like, that's him on screen. It was amazing. Just the way he held the mic, the way he stood in front of the mic, all of it was so much of Biggie.","I have to say, I can't wait to see it. I got a chance to interview Biggie at one of the big awards shows, like, 10, 12 - no, it's longer than that. Anyway, I'm old. But anyway.","Yeah, we all are."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : double take means to look at something again because you are surprised","questions":"What did PersonA say about the way Biggie held the mic?","answer":"All"}
{"text":["It's as lethal as Ebola. He's putting it in, putting - taking blood samples and putting them into little tubes that'll go back to a lab in the U. S.  with help from some very gutsy and proficient Bangladeshi collaborators. It's tough work, it's dramatic work, it's scary work, but they love it.","And you too. I mean, you know, some of - literally a paragraph began: Before I knew it, I was helping trap monkeys in a shrine in Bangladesh. And I think. . .","That was with another wonderful researcher named Lisa Jones-Engel and her physician husband, Gregory Engel. They were looking for viruses in monkeys, yes, in macaques, long-tailed macaques and other macaques that, in some parts of Southeast Asia, become habituated as temple monkeys.","And this was a temple in northeastern Bangladesh where I was helping them trap these monkeys so that, again, they could tranquilize them, take blood samples, looking for a virus called simian foamy virus. How's that for a name?That's one of my favorites. Simian foamy virus. And - which is a marker, which is, so far, as we know, a harmless virus when it passes into humans."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The work that he is doing is dangerous and scary. (Ebola implies deadly nature of the work)","questions":"Which virus is the team searching for in the monkeys?","answer":"Simianfoamy"}
{"text":["Thanks so much for having me.","I think a lot of people are wondering how could it be that the families of people who are serving their country in the U. S.  armed forces need food assistance.","So when you come into the military, that compensation system has not kept up with how the force has changed and how military families have changed. You're no longer looking at, say, a 17 or 18 year old kid right out of high school with no family who's receiving that base-level pay, right?You're looking at, say, somebody in their late 20s who might have a couple of kids. Well, that income compared to his family size or her family size puts them at a place where they qualify for this food assistance.","What would the change in, as you see it, SNAP benefits mean for military families that receive that kind of assistance?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  A is explaining that the compensation system in the military has not kept up with the changing demographics of the military families. The literal meaning of the words is that military families with larger family sizes qualify for food assistance because their income is not sufficient. However, the implied meaning is that the military compensation system needs to be adjusted to match the changing demographics of the military families.","questions":"What is the reason for military families qualifying for food assistance?","answer":"Income"}
{"text":["Yeah. I always - I was - firstly, I want to say that she was always super generous and warm and very, very affectionate with me. So there was no problem of that kind. But there was - you know, there were certain attitudes. And I think with her, like, there was a kind of desire to shock.","Do you think that's because at least the elder royals are very insular?They're very protected from the rest of society and its headwinds and changes.","Yeah. I think that is true. I think that it wasn't just - I mean, it was colored people, homosexuals, Jews. People would have these very polite manners. And then they would say these rather awful things. You know, it's like, I'm terribly sorry. I don't like Jews very much. You know, you just can't talk like that. So there was certainly a kind of - it was very, very archaic.","Your piece has gotten quite a bit of reaction in the British tabloids. And some of it has not been positive. What's your reaction to the reaction?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"super generous and warm\" implies very generous and warm. \"a kind of desire to shock\" implies a kind of desire to surprise.","questions":"How would you describe the attitude of the people towards Jews?","answer":"awful"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News and Notes. Illinois Senator Barack Obama declared he was running for president back in February of 2007. Back then, he was the dark horse, long-shot candidate. Some people looked at him, and talked only about race. Other voters and pundits seem to try to avoid the topic.","Now, the economy is in meltdown, and much of the political debate has turned to mortgages and finance. But race is still there say the polls, and author and commentator Tim Wise says so as well. Wise is an anti-racism activist whose latest book is called \"Speaking Treason Fluently: Anti-Racist Reflections From an Angry White Male. \"Welcome to News and Notes.","Thanks.","So, your latest essay is called, \"This Is Your Nation on White Privilege. \""],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Dark horse is implying an unexpected person or candidate and not an animal that's dark","questions":"How was Barack Obama viewed as a candidate in February 2007?","answer":"Dark-horse"}
{"text":["He did. When I - the first time I called him up, the conversation went like this: Hello?Alan Feuer. And I said, hey, it's Alan Feuer. And he went, oh, good man. I've been meaning to call you. And he really did talk like that. That is absolutely how he spoke.","So something out of - well, a kind of a cross between Franklin Delano Roosevelt and London.","Something like that. You know, the way I pictured it was those, you know, those Preston Sturges movies where, you know, it's almost like an Anglophilic-New York accent.","Oh, we use to call it Long Island lockjaw."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The way it sounded was a mix between FDR and a British accent.","questions":"How did the accent sound?","answer":"Mix"}
{"text":["It occurred on August 1st, in the late hours of the morning. One Serbian fell, and another (unintelligible) porter fell as well trying to rescue him, and that was the beginning of the fatalities. However, the serac fall, which stranded most of the climbers, didn't occur until quite late in the evening on August 1st.","A serac is a big column of ice, a big sheet of ice. And it fell off the mountain, and that complicated things for a lot of people. What were conditions like?","The weather was completely calm, very cold and clear, which is normal. No wind and as the day began to - as the sun began to rise, the weather was actually better than we could have hoped for. But, of course, things changed. The wind began to pick up the next day as people were stranded, and that complicated the rescue effort.","You were attempting to summit on that day, weren't you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"And it complicated things for a lot of people.\" - The implied meaning here is that the serac fall caused significant problems and challenges, rather than just making things more difficult.","questions":"Which event caused significant challenges for a lot of people?","answer":"Serac"}
{"text":["Yeah, I was looking for connection - that kind of familial intimacy that I just still didn't have. As a teenager, I went out into the world armed with my guitar and my little songs and my aggressive eye contact. And I was looking to connect with somebody else deeply.","It's so interesting - right?- that you did. You craved it. And as a result, you really looked for people's eyes. You wanted that moment of intimacy. Was it because you felt like you were an outsider in some way?","I was lonely. And yet I realized something - recording the audiobook. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : By connection, the narrator means to bring the audience and himself together. ","questions":"How did the narrator feel as a teenager?","answer":"Lonely"}
{"text":["No, I think this will be about fact. That's why I added a number of authors and historians to this commission. When these monuments were erected, they were to celebrate but also, I think, to intimidate individuals, as well. They were there to continue to convey what I think is, you know, alternative facts and history. At the end of the day, these individuals defended a time and a purpose that would probably have me and my ancestors in bondage. And that should not go untold.","Some, though, would say this is a cop-out. New Orleans has torn down a number of its Confederate monuments. The city of Charlottesville, Va. , voted to sell its statue of Robert E.  Lee. Why not remove these statues?","Well, first I will say that our monuments commission will obviously listen to all sides. They'll listen to those who think that we may be trying to rewrite history. We're going to listen to people who think that we should remove the monuments. My charge to the commission is to tell the whole truth. For some, this was the third rail in Richmond politics - that you can never touch Monument Avenue. And I think that right now this is an opportunity for us and a responsibility for us to write the next new chapter for the city of Richmond.","Levar Stoney, the Democratic mayor of Richmond, Va.  We've been checking in with him throughout his first year in office. And we will be doing so as the year rolls on. Thank you so much for joining us.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Some may view removing statues as a cop-out.","questions":"How would some describe removing statues?","answer":"Cop-out"}
{"text":["Sorry. Sorry. Well, one more sticky issue. You got some pushback from a song - on the song, \"Wish You Were Gay. \"And people were hoping it would become an anthem for the LGBTQ community. But some people are actually not pleased about it. They feel that it's - there's pushback about it. And how do you think about that?","You know what I think is that everybody has a right to feel exactly what they feel. And it's not anyone's place to tell somebody that their being offended is not correct, you know?It's, like, that's a thing that you can't control. And if somebody doesn't feel OK with something, then you have to respect that and understand that and not try to fight that.","And so I knew writing that song that - it wasn't meant as an insult. And it wasn't meant to be offensive in any way. So for me, I didn't even really think about it because it was so not at all. . .","O'CONNELL: Controversial to us.",". . . Controversial in my mind because I thought of it as almost like a positive thing."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Everyone should respect other people's feelings and not try to control them, even if they don't agree.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue emphasizes the importance of not dismissing or undermining someone else's feelings?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["Do you have any explanation for that?Can you speculate on why that would be so different?","You know, it's just very curious. They must have - you know, they had time to go hands-on with all of the products that were involved in the case, and so they may have, you know, seen from prior art that they thought that it was very clear that the phones involved stemmed from this iPhone design and - but not so much the tablets.","There were several instances of tablets and tablet patented designs that existed before the iPad. So they may have thought that, you know, Samsung got their ideas from somewhere else.","So what's this going to do to buying a future Samsung or other brand that might - you know, has Apple put the fear in people of copying them now?","We'll have to see. So one of the biggest consequences that could come out of this verdict is that the price of Android devices could go up in the future because now Apple's - this portion of Apple's patent portfolio has been validated by the court system, and Apple can pretty confidently go forward and start suing any other Android hardware manufacturers it thinks are infringing on these patents."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The jury had access to all products involved in the case.","questions":"What did the jury have access to?","answer":"Products"}
{"text":["In Larry Nassar's statement to the court last year just before he was sentenced, he said he'd been impacted to his inner-most core by the testimony of his victims, including yourself. But he did not apologize. He was, though, sentenced to life in prison. Did you feel resolution walking away from that day?","You know, I did in the sense that Larry will never be able to hurt another child. And I take great comfort in that. That being said, Larry was a symptom of the problem. And that's something, again, that I really wanted to dig into in the book. Larry didn't just magically appear as one of the most prolific predators in campus history, in sports history and in history in general. He didn't magically appear that way. He was enabled and sheltered by powerful organizations, by law enforcement agencies that mishandled or refused to investigate reports of sexual misconduct. And so while we were able to stop Larry, what really remains to be done and the work that has just begun is dealing with the institutions and the dynamics that left him in power.","Rachael Denhollander is an activist and former gymnast. Her book \"What Is A Girl Worth?\"and her children's book \"How Much Is A Little Girl Worth?\"are out now. Rachael, thank you so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He said that he had a huge emotional reaction to the testimony.","questions":"How did Larry Nassar react to the testimony of his victims?","answer":"Greatly"}
{"text":["And yeah. Like I said, the video can be used for good. And that's why I think the premise of body camera footage is good. But where problems emerge is when government officials and police officials push back against making that footage public because that's the whole reason. The reason is to bring transparency to police interactions. And if government officials push against that, it goes against the entire premise.","One of the very interesting points that you make in your book is that the federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades. I mean, you highlight a report that was commissioned by President Johnson, President Lyndon Johnson in 1967 in response to the Watts riots. And you said that it proposes really not so much an emphasis on technology but an emphasis on relationships, on communication and teaching police officers how to communicate better with the public, how to - it's more of like a - I don't know what word to use. Would you say humanistic approach?And. . .","Absolutely. That's a great word for it.","And that you say that there's - these kinds of - these techniques have never really been implemented because they were deemed to be too expensive. But you also point out that technology is expensive. The police departments spend a huge amount on these technologies that you say don't work. So what - my question to you is, why do you think these techniques have not gotten more traction?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The premise of body camera footage is good, but government officials and police officials push against making it public, which goes against the transparency of police interactions.","questions":"How do government officials and police officials push back against making body camera footage public?","answer":"Transparency"}
{"text":["Tom Durkin, the voice of the Triple Crown. He is retiring in August. This will be his last Belmont stakes. Good luck to you, OK.","All right Scott. And new when you retire, maybe we'll go out and play golf or something.","(Laughter). All right. Golf huh. Let's go to the track.","Did B. J. Leiderman write this?He wrote our theme music. You're listening to WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meanings in (2) are that Scott should enjoy his retirement and do something fun with Tom Durkin after he retires. ","questions":"How did Scott respond to the suggestion of playing golf with Tom Durkin after he retires?","answer":"Golf"}
{"text":["We noted that you're a writing fellow at the Beckley Federal Correctional Institution. Is there a great story in every prisoner?","I think there's a great story in every human being. And that - so that - the same is true. There's a great story in every prisoner.","But the thing that I love about teaching there is just how - obviously, how much it means. The guys who are in my class - being able to sit down once a week for two hours and focus on their writing. And they've told me just to be in a quiet room, too, where, you know, I'll give them a writing assignment, and then we're quiet - they've told me that that, in many ways, is one of the things that is most valuable to them.","Without giving away the end of the novel, does Jodi go on with you in your life now?","She does to less of a degree. I mean, I think when I found the end of the book, I was able to let her go in some ways. I definitely still think about her."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : give away in this context means to tell someone something without much warning, usually a secret ","questions":"How does the word \"give away\" relate to Jodi in turn 4?","answer":"Less"}
{"text":["Has this ever been done before, I mean, even with other types of energy like oil and gas for example?","That's not how we have historically done oil and gas use or exploration. Again, we're talking on public land. It's not been how we've done it. It is the way we've tried in recent years to think about the Endangered Species Act. Instead of looking at each little place when a question comes up and say is this an endangered habitat, is this a problem, look at large areas, ecosystems, chunks that make sense together.","Try to highlight what the problems are in that area so that subsequent development proposals are not - don't start from ground zero. Information's been gathered and looked at in a more systematic way. I mean, programmatic environmental impact assessments have been allowed ever since NEPA passed back in the 1970s.","It hasn't been used very often. I think that the Interior Department should get a lot of credit for using it this time."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Environmental impact assessments have been allowed since NEPA passed, but programmatic assessments are now used to gather information in a more systematic way for subsequent development proposals.","questions":"Which assessments are now used to gather information in a more systematic way?","answer":"Programmatic"}
{"text":["Absolutely not. In fact, the people of my state should know we are doing everything in our power to defend them. If it comes to a legal fight with the Trump administration, we're prepared to have it. I've had some experience with taking on the Trump administration litigation. We have yet to lose a case yet, and I don't plan on starting with this issue.","Attorney General Bob Ferguson of Washington state, thanks so much.","Oh, thank you, Scott. Have a great day.","And we contacted the Department of Justice for comment on Mr.  Ferguson's remarks about Attorney General Sessions. We have yet to receive a response."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) The actual meaning of turn (1) is different from its literal meaning, as it implies that the speaker is ready to defend their state against any legal challenges from the Trump administration and has a track record of success in litigation against them, indicating a confident and confrontational approach.","questions":"How does turn 0 reflect Attorney General Bob Ferguson's approach towards defending his state against legal challenges from the Trump administration?","answer":"Confrontational"}
{"text":["What is - let's start with this. What is your personal collection to the work and the images in this book?","Well, to me this was a labor of love. I've been living in the U. S. I came back to England. It's my homeland. I came back to London, my home city, and I felt that the culture of the young black people in particular here were suffering from a kind of deficit, historically speaking.","There were younger people in my neighborhood who were bereft of history, who took their idea of themselves from watching their kind of generic hip-hop video material that they got from the video screen rather than really inquiring into the particular history and experience of our communities in this country.","As I looked at the book, I was trying to find a theme, and I don't know if I found one or not. What was, in your view, the major trends or themes that you saw unfolding over the century that are depicted in these photographs?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"bereft of history\" is a figurative expression meaning \"lacking a sense of connection to one's cultural or historical roots\"","questions":"What does the figurative expression \"bereft of history\" mean?","answer":"Lacking"}
{"text":["In the meantime, what does this mean for the elections in Afghanistan?","It certainly doesn't say anything good. The government, you know, keeps saying that it's planning to protect the polls, that it will protect the polls, that it's sending out - I think, 70,000 defense security personnel will be deployed across the country to protect the polls. But it's also said that it's going to have to shut down - almost a third of polling places that were used in previous elections will not be open because they don't feel they can protect them. So that's a pretty strong admission of the limited ability of defense forces. So this has been a violent season, and I don't think anybody expects it to become less so.","That's Pamela Constable of The Washington Post. She spoke to us from Kabul.","Thank you so much for sharing your reporting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It doesn't actually speak, but it it does mean that nothing good comes from the information.","questions":"Which information?","answer":"Polling"}
{"text":["Well, there's a big argument in the United States about this. There's one group of folks who think that engagement policy failed. We engaged with China from 1979 until about 2013 when Xi Jinping came into power. And the idea of engagement was that coevolution was in the American interest as well as in China's interest. And you could bring China along to be a responsible player to some degree.","Many hardliners in the United States government - and outside and including in the expert community - now claim that engagement was a sucker's game and that we have raised up a tiger which could now devour us. But there are different schools of thought about this, and many of us think that we still need to engage with China, albeit more strategically.","That image of raising a tiger that will devour us is very dramatic. Is that what we're talking about here?I mean, like, one or the other will triumph?","I don't think so. I'm actually borrowing from a Chinese phrase - (speaking Chinese) - you don't want to raise up a baby tiger because it grows up. But again, there are people like Steve Bannon and the Committee for the Present Danger: China, which now claim that China is an existential threat to the United States. And they're also claiming that the United States cannot coexist with the Chinese Communist Party, despite the fact that we've been doing so at least since 1949."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There are some groups who see China as a threat, but not everyone agrees with this assessment.","questions":"What is the Chinese phrase that PersonA is borrowing from?","answer":"Baby"}
{"text":["I think that they're at peace with it now. And we're at peace with each other. But that took - you know, that took a lot of time.","So we've already talked a bit about how the cello is this character in your life. And I want to talk about how it functions throughout this album. Let's listen to the song \"Poor Fake. \"","(Singing) Don't matter where you are, it'll catch right up to you. You can try to resist the feeling, set the canvas in my blues.","So cello, you know, it isn't an instrument I think of playing a huge role in pop songs. But it does play a huge role in this song and throughout other songs on the album."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The cello plays an important role in the album despite not being a typical instrument in pop music.","questions":"What instrument stands out in the album?","answer":"Cello"}
{"text":["And to tell you the truth, I still feel so very, very sorry for that little girl, you know, for her utter helplessness. And that has made me really empathize with children and with situations where human beings become like children in terms of becoming utterly helpless. If anything good came out of that incident, was realizing that you need to empathize with these situations, and you need as much as it is in your power to try and prevent such things happening, not just child molestation, but being put in a position where you have no choice.","I mean, it's interesting that your previous book was ostensibly about the book \"Lolita. \"","Yeah, you're right.","Well, I'm just wondering, I mean, do you see yourself personally in Lolita?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is suggesting that the topic of child molestation in A's previous book might be related to A's personal experiences, given the similarities to the themes in Lolita","questions":"Which book is mentioned in the dialogue that PersonB implies may have a connection to PersonA's personal experiences?","answer":"Lolita"}
{"text":["Pat and Gina are fun, folksy and family oriented. Pat started our chat by telling me how it all got started.","First of all, I was 23 years of age, and I always felt like, even back then, that the best thing I had going for me was my age, and the worst thing I had going for me was my age. Because I was young enough to make mistakes, yet, at the same time, I was going to be young enough to recover from them.","So, you know, it was a very, very gutsy move because he and I, we didn't have a quarter. And I'm sure you're saying, well, how did you open up a restaurant without any money?Well, my grandmother, who was in her 90s, was gracious enough and had enough faith and confidence in us to use her house as collateral, and we took out a small 20,000 dollar loan, opened up a 2,000-square-foot restaurant in 1988.","And, the first day we opened, we were dead broke. We didn't have a cash register. There were so many things that we didn't have that I wouldn't dare try to open up a restaurant in today's time without. But in less than the two years - we leased the building for two years - in two years, not only had we paid my grandmother her money back, but we had saved 40,000 dollars. And we took that money and used it as a down payment and purchased our first restaurant."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Using \"a quarter\" to mean money is a non-literal meaning.","questions":"Which word has a non-literal meaning in turn 2?","answer":"quarter"}
{"text":["Our hope is that the cessation of violence is imperative if there is to be some semblance of normalcy in the election. If this rate of violence continues, then certainly there is no way we can have a free and fair election. We are hoping that when the various delegations of observers start arriving, we may see a decline into these violent activities of the regime and these rogue elements.","You have worked now with MTV to do PSAs that call for a free and fair election. Why did you decide to work with MTV on this?","Well, you know that the background actually started as some form of informal contact, then it developed into a contact with Dispatch group. So Dispatch, which is a youthful band, staged this concert on Zimbabwe. And we are now - I was in New York, I had a meeting with them, and that's how our relationship has developed.","Do you think that global youth, people not just in Zimbabwe, but, you know, in all the different places around the world that, for example, might plug in to public service announcement like this, or just people who are young and are listening to music and, you know, going online for their news, do you think that they can help advocate for the free and fair elections in Zimbabwe?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Young people globally can advocate for free and fair elections","questions":"Which demographic can advocate for free and fair elections globally?","answer":"Youth"}
{"text":["It's far worse than that. The assumption that Social Security numbers were compromised was there at the beginning, but, you know, OPM has sort of slow-rolled how bad this really is. And what has been compromised includes security clearance information, background investigation information for millions of past and present employees across the U. S.  government, including the Pentagon and the intelligence community. This is really, really bad.","And, potentially, how could this information be used?","Well, this is very personal information, as anyone who's ever had a security clearance could tell you. This involves - especially at the higher levels of classification that are needed - very detailed personal information about lifestyle habits, anything you've done wrong - things you probably wouldn't want other people to know about, frankly - if you've had addiction issues, financial problems, marital problems, partner problems.","So it could be used to blackmail a federal employee. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implies that this sensitive information could be used by malicious individuals to blackmail federal employees.","questions":"How could malicious individuals potentially use the compromised information?","answer":"Blackmail"}
{"text":["Right.",". . . Little inspiration pieces.","A road map.","Yeah, a little road map. You know, you want to make a right out of nowhere. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : when A says \"You know, you want to make a right out of nowhere,\" they are not talking about a physical right turn while driving. Here, \"make a right out of nowhere\" implies taking an unexpected or unconventional action without a clear plan or prior indication. It suggests being spontaneous or inventive in finding a solution or approach.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue suggests being spontaneous or inventive in finding a solution or approach?","answer":"inventive"}
{"text":["Jeffrey Dahmer in Milwaukee.","Right and Ted Bundy in Florida. I mean, if you look at the serial killers, the majority of them that abused animals prior to turning on humans - and even one admitted, I did it to see how the animal would die before I killed a human. It's just - it's amazing. School shooters, Pearl, Miss. , and Columbine, they all abused animals and killed animals prior to their shooting spree. So it's - the data's there and it's not just guesswork. It's actual documented data.","You've been a law enforcement professional. Are there people who say the last thing I need is more paperwork, more data?","Yeah, here's the thing. Law enforcement really hasn't grasped this problem yet. If you look back in the early '70s when domestic violence came up and how the laws changed and then law enforcement would go, say, well, if the woman's getting beat, why she won't leave the house?Well, we didn't understand. We'd understand the dynamics of domestic violence, and as that whole thing changed, it got better. And if you look at animal abuse right now, it's - can follow the same timeline. You can always - bet you it's within years that it's going to be the same timeline. You have to get - in order for this problem to be solved, you're going to have to get the legislators to create the laws, you're going to have to get law enforcement to enforce the laws, you're going to have to get prosecutors to prosecute and judges to convict."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is suggesting that, similar to the evolution of laws and attitudes towards domestic violence, there needs to be a similar shift in the understanding and treatment of animal abuse. This implies that the speaker believes that animal abuse should be taken seriously and treated as a potential indicator of violent behavior, and that there needs to be a comprehensive effort involving legislators, law enforcement, prosecutors, and judges to address this issue.","questions":"What is the PersonA's proposed solution to address the issue of animal abuse?","answer":"Comprehensive"}
{"text":["My father believed the world was divided between those who were mentally and physically strong and those who were weak and lazy. For this, I had to undergo a physical and psychological training.","Can you tell us about those nights in the cellar?","From the age of 6, I had to spend one night a month in the basement meditating on death. I sat on a stool, alone, in the dark, surrounded by rats. And I had a cardigan with small bells on it. I wasn't allowed to let the bells tinkle, as it meant that I was moving. It was one of his exercises.","There are just too many instances of abuse and cruelty to recount - I mean, the way he didn't turn on the heat, the way he made you bathe in his dirty water. He said he gave you his energy that way or something."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : My father was trying to instill a sense of superiority and strength in me by contrasting the strong and the weak.","questions":"What kind of training did the speaker have to undergo?","answer":"Physical"}
{"text":["That poem is called \"A Flower Song For Maidens Coming Of Age. \"It was written in 1440 before European contact in Mexico. And it's from a collection of Mayan poems - extraordinary. Tell me about why this poem resonated for you. It describes a moon ceremony.","It was such an important revelation to have come across this poem. I cried. I cried for two days - the whole week because, as you know, colonization basically eradicated all of our written documentation in the Americas. All of our traditions have been passed down through word of mouth. But to have written documentation that women have been honoring the moon and celebrating their bodies and their transitions, their milestones in this way, I really felt like my ancestors were watching over.","And you wrote in the afterword to this book that you really wanted young women to find their own way to connect with their roots. Why?","Well, I think it's important for any person, really, but young girls in particular who come from marginalized communities to find their - not only their roots but the meaning and the legacy of wisdom and power that comes from those traditions. And Celi, because she's bicultural and multiracial, she has all of these beautiful intersections happening that I really tried to play up in the novel because I wanted children that are just like Celi, who are multiracial and bicultural, to see themselves and their hybridity in all of its beauty and all of its power."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The person implies that they cried all week. Actually they are just implying that they were emotionally affected for days by the poem.","questions":"How long did the person cry for after reading the poem?","answer":"days"}
{"text":["Yeah.","And he's been the finance guy. We just don't know that yet. But I think, you know, if it turns out that he is cooperating or does get fuller immunity, he really could turn out to be an enormously important part of this investigation.","After Michael Cohen pleaded guilty and implicated the president, we saw a tweet from President - in an interview, Trump said flipping almost ought to be illegal. Fair to say that the cases couldn't be made without getting people to flip?","Absolutely. I mean, there's no question. And we often see people who are convicted of crimes where there are cooperators - say, you know, you shouldn't be allowed to do this. That itself should be a crime. But the reality is that in order to prove a lot of cases, particularly very serious cases, we need to have someone who's in the room when all the action happens, when the crime happens or who's involved in transactions or murders or whatever who can tell the story. And so it's essential to have that voice."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People do not physically flip. They change their positions on issues.","questions":"Which action does Trump say should almost be illegal?","answer":"Flipping"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Many of us didn't think it would happen but the two delegations finally sat down face to face. Tell us about the dynamics in the negotiating room today and what you're expecting.","What we heard from media sources that the meeting kicked off 15 minutes late. Every detail was negotiated. The delegates enter from different doors. There are no flags in the room but they can wear their flag pins. It's been decided which side of the table they'll sit on, how far apart. And as we heard from the U. N.  negotiator, Lakhdar Brahimi, it's the most inaccessible room within the United Nations compound here in Geneva. The delegations - they won't talk directly to each other. Brahimi will be in the middle and they'll address him. The only thing common to all of them is language. Everybody at the table speaks Arabic. But aside from that, they are very far apart. They're there because both sides were under intense pressure from the U. S.  and Russia not to walk out.","Well, as you said, at least they are in the same room. What are they talking about today?What's the goal?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of \"What are they talking about today? What's the goal?\" is asking for information about the subject matter and objectives of the negotiations. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is expressing skepticism about the likelihood of any productive outcome from the negotiations, given the difficult dynamics described in the previous turn. The speaker is implying that the negotiations seem to be more about appearances than substance, and that there may not be a clear goal or path forward.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of PersonB's question in turn 3?","answer":"Implied"}
{"text":["It doesn't want to concede to American pressure because it fears that if it concedes under pressure, that's going to project weakness and invite even more pressure. And so for that reason, you've seen, rather than Iran capitulating or compromising, they've begun escalating. But I think the endgame for both sides is - there's really no alternative to coming back to the negotiating table.","And there has been a string of headlines from the region involving Iran in recent weeks. This incident with the British tanker, of course, comes right after the U. S.  says it brought down an Iranian drone. Of course, Iran disputes that version of events. How connected are these events?","They're all interconnected. And essentially, the Trump administration's policy toward Iran has been to subject Iran to significant economic pressure and sanctions in the hopes that either Iran will come to the negotiating table and capitulate over its nuclear program or - I think there's some folks in the Trump administration, like national security adviser John Bolton, who would like to see the implosion of the Iranian regime.","And what Iran has done in response - Iran's supreme leader has been ruling for 30 years, and he's become pretty adept at these escalatory cycles. And he's adept at waving both the white flag of diplomacy and the black flag of radicalism and escalation. So on one hand, he sent his chief diplomat - Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif - he was recently in New York City, and he met with a lot of Western journalists. And he was talking about Iran wanting to pursue dialogue and diplomacy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There are no actual flags, the leader is adept at diplomacy and attacking others.","questions":"Which aspect of the leader's skills is highlighted in turn 3?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Well, I've spent my whole life - as a entrepreneur, as a mayor, as a governor - building teams, assembling talent. We've been able to accomplish things again and again that people didn't think we could do. We got to almost universal health care in Colorado. We did the methane regulations I described. We beat the NRA with tough new gun laws. This is all through that collaborative effort of building a team and getting things done. That's very different than the legislative process.","Has Chuck Schumer called you and urged you to run for Senate?","(Laughter) I've talked to Chuck Schumer, who is one of the most persuasive people, and I have more admiration for how he does his job than words can express.","You're running as a centrist, even as much of the Democratic Party is moving to the left. How do you plan to sell your ideas to an increasingly progressive party?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B questions A's ability to appeal to a progressive party","questions":"Which party is PersonB referring to when questioning PersonA's ability to appeal to a more progressive group?","answer":"Democratic"}
{"text":["So they set up a system of community courts - without lawyers - to sort of repurpose a system that really had only been used for small claims mitigation in traditional Rwanda, called gacaca, and have open, communal - what we might call a town hall - format for trials. And then the idea was to hold people accountable and have a system of punishment. And this system banked very heavily on encouraging confession and rewarding it. But the confessions were supposed to be also verified by the community.","And what was the specific role of the victims or their surviving family members?They had to be there. And then, after verifying a certain account, were they expected to then make a public state of forgiveness or reconciliation?","They weren't necessarily in a position to verify. Many of them knew that so-and-so was always said to have killed their family members. But they weren't direct witnesses because, by virtue of their survival, that usually meant that they were either somewhere else or well-hidden or had escaped or. . .","Not present, yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Survivors of the genocide did not have direct knowledge of the crimes committed against their family members.","questions":"Which group of people lacked direct knowledge of the crimes committed?","answer":"Survivors"}
{"text":["Because he is speaking about African Americans. And he used such derogatory terms. And to even say that not even humans want to live there hurts so many people because he is challenging their very humanity based on the color of their skin. The negativity, the disregard is a problem and should always be addressed and called out.","The statistician Nate Silver tweeted out some facts about Maryland's 7th District, which includes Baltimore and some of the surrounding suburbs. And he says it's the second wealthiest and second most well-educated majority black district in the country. Why do you think President Trump singled out this district?","Facts don't matter for this guy, OK?He sees people of color, and he describes them in the most derogatory terms. So he's hitting back at Cummings or trying to bully him just because he sits on this particular committee that is actually doing their job in investigating some of the things that are - been happening in this current administration.","The House Oversight Committee."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to call someone out means to challenge someone, be it on their beliefs or if they are bullying someone","questions":"How did PersonA describe the terms used by President Trump towards African Americans?","answer":"Derogatory"}
{"text":["After Army Private First Class Brian Orolin returned from Afghanistan in 2011, his wife, Donna, could tell something wasn't quite right. He became paranoid. He suffered constant headaches and would isolate himself in his bedroom with the lights dimmed. And then on November 19, Brian left his wife and two children in Spring, Texas. He has been missing ever since.","At StoryCorps, Donna Orolin remembered the day he returned from Afghanistan.","He was literally the last person off the plane, and he was just so excited to see his daughters. I dressed the girls up and put little bows in their hair with his unit on them. And I put a sign out front that said welcome home, Specialist Orolin. He just couldn't wait to be dad - husband again, but then, things were different.","We used to hold hands all the time before he left. When he came back, he didn't like to be touched, so I had to remind myself to not rub his back, not sneak up behind him and give him hugs. And pretty much his sense of purpose was gone. He would say that he was just going to go away somewhere some day and disappear, and we'd never find him."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies Donna was trying to remain supportive of Brian, despite his lack of interest in physical contact.","questions":"What was one thing Donna had to remind herself not to do after Brian returned from Afghanistan?","answer":"Rub"}
{"text":["So, do think we will see these two again?Do you think Lisicki will get another chance?","Well, I think she will. I think she'll have other chances, and it was very, very sweet of Marion Bartoli to say that during the trophy presentation, that she had no doubt that Sabine Lisicki would be back. But once again, the one thing we know about sports is we don't know anything; is that you have no idea who's going to be back, and if you think that next year is your year, you just don't know. And, obviously, with the competition being what it is, let's - you think Serena Williams is sitting at home right now thinking, oh, well, I won't be back. Of course she'll be back. Maria Sharapova will be back. Victoria Azarenka will be back. There are a lot of great young players. Sloan Stephens, the American, will be a huge contender for championships to come.","So, that's the reason why so many professional athletes will tell you, when you're on stage, when it's your moment, you've got to take it because you don't know when that moment's coming again, if it ever does.","Now, the big moment has come for Andy Murray and, of course, the hopes of all Britain are riding on him. He plays Novak Djokovic. What do you think's going to happen?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The actual meaning of this turn is that professional athletes should take advantage of the opportunities they have and make the most of them, because they may not get the same opportunity again.","questions":"What is the reason that professional athletes should take advantage of the opportunities they have?","answer":"Uncertainty"}
{"text":["WHYY.","Excellent. And tell us a little bit about your situation. You wrote that you are a member of the sandwich generation. What does that mean?","Well, it means that I'm taking care of children, and I'm also taking care of an elderly mother.","So, you've got a lot of expenses. How are you coping with those expenses right now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is facing financial difficulties due to caregiving responsibilities.","questions":"What is the cause of the PersonA's financial struggle?","answer":"Caregiving"}
{"text":["What happens to a city when a whole bunch of its residents get really rich really quickly?A lot of people in San Francisco are worried about that right now. The city's in the middle of a tech IPO boom. Lyft and Pinterest went public earlier this year. Stock in Uber begins trading tomorrow. Other big names plan to follow. And that means thousands of new millionaires in a city that's already one of the least affordable in the country. This week, Gordon Mar, who serves on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, proposed a new payroll tax targeting IPOs. He says the tech boom of the past decade has been good for San Francisco, but there are downsides.","We've seen growing traffic congestion and gridlock on our streets due to the huge influx of new workers here in our city. We've seen a growing housing crisis, housing affordability crisis, to the point where the median rent right now for a one-bedroom apartment is $3,500 a month.","Unbelievable.","Yeah. And then sort of related to this, our homelessness crisis - tens of thousands of our community members continue to live unsheltered on the streets due just to the growing economic divide here in our city."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"economic divide\" is a metaphorical expression used to refer to the growing gap between the wealthy and the poor in San Francisco. The term \"divide\" implies a separation or gap between two things, but in this context, it is not meant to be taken literally.","questions":"How is the term \"economic divide\" used in the dialogue?","answer":"Gap"}
{"text":["I was listening back to some of the pieces that you've done in the past couple of months as we prepare for this broadcast. One of the things that China may have to change is the role of its banks. Banks like to take very few risks if possible, and that means investing in those big state-owned industries that have - well, they may not be spectacular returns anymore, but they are reliable.","Yeah. The banks do extremely well. You and I could sit back and run those banks and be very, very wealthy, though, communist.","The government sets the interest rates and so the banks can make a lot money. And if you're a Chinese person, you can't really get much of your capital out of the country. So where else are you going to put it?","One of the problems with the banks is that they tend to invest in state-owned enterprises. It's kind of part of their job, and it's less risky. But most of the jobs in China are really produced by private enterprise, as they are here in the United States. And it's much harder for them to get capital. So people are, in many ways, feelings that the economy is out of whack in a number ways and that there need to be some serious changes. The government knows this, but there are now very strong vested interests in state-owned enterprises and the banks. And so getting that done is not going to be easy politically."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The banks are profitable, but the speaker is critical of their communist policies","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the banks' policies?","answer":"broke"}
{"text":["We're going to set our clock here in our studio for a minute, OK?Please begin, Mr.  MacLeod, in three, two, one. . .","Which country and western singer has the worst hearing?Dolly Pardon. Which country and western singer will let you stay at the house?Kenny Lodgers. I spent a whole year trying to get into classical music. It took the Four Seasons. What's the best way to break up a tractor?A John Deere-alator. What do you call a woman with jam on her head?Marge. Doctor, doctor, I can't stop stealing your furniture. Please, take a seat. My new racehorse can only run in the dark. It's a nightmare. Went to Pete Sampras' restaurant yesterday. Served very quickly. I didn't last long walking on hot coals with the Kings of Leon. My salt's on fire. I heard a sad story about dropping a wedding cake. It ended in tiers. I hoped to complete my new spice rack this morning but I couldn't find the thyme. What did Aladdin have with his cup of tea?Jafar cakes. I went to an earthquake restaurant for lunch. The waiters keep moving your plates. Doctor, doctor, my invisibility meds is wearing off. I'll see you shortly. What do you call a man surrounded by beef stock?Stew. Where's the best play in New York to do multiplication?Times Squared.","Oh. All right. We let you go a little bit over a minute. Sixteen jokes by my count. Some of them were pretty funny.","They're all original jokes, I have to say. I don't think they're particularly good, but they don't have to be good. They only have to be quick."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Mr. MacLeod is expected to tell a series of jokes quickly.","questions":"What is the expectation from Mr. MacLeod?","answer":"Jokes"}
{"text":["I think that's a - sometimes an oversimplification. But, you know, there's a bit of a creep factor now, to put it in the plainest terms. You click agree and maybe, you know, ads follow you around the net or - that's sort of the mildest form of these things. But in the sort of worst-case scenario, as you said, you know, your data might be sold in sort of an unethical way. We're all a little bit more wary, at least over here, about that kind of thing.","Over here in contrast to where?","Well, in contrast to other parts of the world. I would say what I saw at CES, which tends to favor big companies like Samsung, like LG, Sony - you know, obviously, are based mostly in Asia - the conversation around privacy there - it hasn't quite penetrated in the same way, at least by my reckoning from what I saw at CES because - I'll give you one example.","LG - they talked very highly about its smart home sort of platform, that all these devices have a connection to the Internet and they're using their sensors to kind of learn your preferences and better tailor what they can do for you. That all sounds good until you kind of realize, well, by definition, what they're doing is profiling you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People in other parts of the world are not as aware of the risks associated with data profiling.","questions":"How are people in other parts of the world aware of data profiling risks?","answer":"Awareness"}
{"text":["Good to be with you, Scott.","So who came out of that debate looking strong as we look ahead to Iowa?","Two people in particular, Trump and Cruz, Donald Trump and Ted Cruz. Trump is no longer the dominating personality that he was, but he's still the name leading in national polls and in most of the early states. Cruz, though, is the central figure in this particular debate if only because he was the object of most of the attacks from the other candidates. And he is masterful at slipping the punch, changing the subject, turning the criticism back onto others.","What about all the time he had to spend, though, going back and forth about whether he's even eligible to run for president?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Two people in particular, Trump and Cruz, Donald Trump and Ted Cruz. Trump is no longer the dominating personality that he was, but he's still the name leading in national polls and in most of the early states. Cruz, though, is the central figure in this particular debate if only because he was the object of most of the attacks from the other candidates. And he is masterful at slipping the punch, changing the subject, turning the criticism back onto others.  In this turn, the actual meaning goes beyond the literal meaning. The speaker is not simply providing a factual description of the debate and the candidates, but they are also implying that Trump's dominance has diminished, although he still leads in polls. They also suggest that Cruz's ability to deflect criticism and turn it against others makes him a significant figure in the debate. The implied meaning is about the shifting dynamics and strategies of the candidates and their relative strengths.","questions":"Which two candidates are mentioned in turn 2 as being significant in the debate?","answer":"Trump,Cruz"}
{"text":["Mountain guerilla killings in Central Africa have reached an all-time high.","Current fighting among the Congolese military and rebels has caused park rangers and other locals to flee the area, ultimately leaving one of the world's most endangered animals seemingly unprotected. These killings reached deep into the economy, the local community and the environment.","For more, we are joined now by Craig Sholley. He is a senior director at the African Wildlife Foundation and former director of Rwanda's Mountain Gorilla Project. Craig, nice to have you on the show.","Very nice to be here, Tony. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"leaving one of the world's most endangered animals seemingly unprotected\" is a turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. The phrase \"seemingly unprotected\" suggests that there may be some protection for the animal, but it is not clear or uncertain. The literal meaning would be that there is absolutely no protection for the animal.","questions":"Which word in the turn \"leaving one of the world's most endangered animals seemingly unprotected\" suggests uncertainty?","answer":"Seemingly"}
{"text":["So this new leader - when he took over, what kind of things did he change?","He upped all the stakes, really. He decided that the Brethren were not being hardline enough, that they weren't being separate enough. And he enforced the rule that if you had a teenager in your house who had been raised in the Brethren but was not yet breaking bread - i. e. , fully compliant - you couldn't eat with them. You couldn't eat with non-Brethren outside. You couldn't go to the cinema or have radios or television or newspapers.","So effectively, he not only separated off the Brethren from all contact with the outside world - you know, they might have been able before to have worked for non-Brethren. Now they had to work for other Brethren. And there was a great deal more compliance and surveillance as well. There's a lot of mass confessions. There are a lot of punishments for noncompliant behavior.","Now, you mention you were born into it. And your father wasn't just part of it. He was a high-ranking leader. How high did his influence go?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  the speaker is not talking about physical separation but rather a more metaphorical one in which the Brethren are cut off from the outside world in terms of their beliefs and practices. The mention of working only for other Brethren and mass confessions also indicate a more metaphorical level of control and surveillance.","questions":"Which level of control and surveillance is indicated by the mention of working only for other Brethren and mass confessions?","answer":"Compliance."}
{"text":["Oh, it was amazing. It was phenomenal. For comedians, we don't really have many prestigious things. We don't have the Olympics. We don't have an all-star game. We don't have - so there's very few milestones you can achieve as a stand-up comedian, and being on a late-night talk show, especially \"The Tonight Show,\" which goes back to the Carson days, I mean, that's - that is what you strive for, you know?","So it was amazing to come out and do that. Although it was funny, I mean that wasn't my lifelong dream because I didn't even know about that. So people ask me, they go, was that - well, I mean, this must have been your dream since you were a child. I go, no, no. Actually, my dream when I was child was to be free and just to get more candy. That's really all I wanted. So. . .","They go together.","Yeah. Leno came much later on. That was - but it was an amazing, amazing time, being on the show."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"my dream when I was a child was to be free and just to get more candy.\" - The speaker is using humor to downplay the idea that appearing on a late-night talk show was their lifelong dream. They are implying that their childhood dream was much simpler and less ambitious than what they have achieved as an adult.","questions":"What was the PersonA's childhood dream?","answer":"Free,candy"}
{"text":["Good morning, Scott. You're going to have to work on your inflection if you want a new job.","Uh - (mumbling). Want a new job?Did you hear something. . .","ESPN.","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"What did Scott hear?","answer":"something"}
{"text":["Yeah. The embassy guards, it's kind of a, you know, a misperception. In any embassy they essentially protect the chancellery in the embassy and the ambassador's residence itself, and particularly to, you know, you get them into a safe place if there is an attack or to - and if that fails, to destroy the classified material and so forth.","They're not responsible for the overall external or internal security of the embassy compound per se. They can augment that and they have if necessary, but there is a diplomatic security mission that does that sort of thing, and then - obviously which didn't happen on this case. You're hoping that you've got a competent external protection from the host nation, which is responsible for the safety of the entire compound.","We're talking with retired Marine Colonel Gary Anderson about lessons learned from before and during the attack in Benghazi. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And any number of recommendations were made by the Pickering Mullen report. As you look at those, are they going to address the kinds of interagency communications problems that you're worried about?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Embassy guards are not responsible for the overall security of the embassy compound.","questions":"How are embassy guards responsible for the security of the embassy compound?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["Right, I got the love of that from my grandfather. He was a Brooklyn Dodger fan going all the way back to the 1930s. And when I was a kid, I was a Mets fan, and this is in the late '70s or early '80s. There really wasn't a lot of good things to talk about when you're a Mets fan. So I would sit on the porch with my grandfather, and he would start talking to me about the old Brooklyn Dodgers. And, you know, he'd talk about people like Dazzy Vance and Duke Snider and Jackie Robinson, but then he'd start talking about a guy named Pete Reiser. Pete played in the early 1940s. And he would get this glazed look in his eye - this sad, faraway look - when he would tell about Pete Reiser. And he would say that he was probably the best ballplayer that ever played. And I was fairly well-read as a kid on baseball history, but I had never heard of Pete Reiser. So it made me get into baseball history and try to find those players that had an interesting story, which led me to find out what had happened to Pete Reiser and his career.","There are people who will tell you that Pete Reiser was the best of all time, except for the fact he kept running into walls.","He is credited with having five outfield collisions, and 11 times he was carried away off the field on a stretcher. Nine of those times he was unconscious. And today, he's the reason why Major League Baseball has padded outfield walls.","Another name that has been lost to history - Steve Dalkowski."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) Implied meaning: The speaker's interest in baseball history was sparked by his grandfather's stories about the Brooklyn Dodgers and a player named Pete Reiser, who was considered by his grandfather to be one of the best ballplayers ever despite not being well-known.","questions":"How did the speaker become interested in baseball history?","answer":"Grandfather"}
{"text":["Well, I have. You know, I was born and raised here in San Diego, and we just love it. But yeah, if - regardless of where the location would be, I would be willing to go anywhere - anywhere in the world for that matter, Afghanistan, Pakistan, anywhere that somebody may be able to offer me a job.","I saw some photographs of you in your condo. You've been packing up there, and I noticed behind the moving boxes, hanging in the window were some Christmas lights and some red ribbons. Are you still going to find some ways to celebrate the holidays despite everything that's going on?","Oh, sure. You know, I mean, the last couple of Christmases haven't been all the greatest, you know, because of the situation as well. And so, we're almost kind of getting used to it, but this one just hurts especially bad. But my wife and I are members of the Salvation Army church in Alcahone. You know, so, you know, we haven't forgotten really what Christmas is all about.","It's not about us and each other and the gifts, and at least that's what we want to think right now. But we're really just remembering the birth of our savior."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They are focusing on the true meaning of Christmas rather than gifts and themselves","questions":"Which holiday are they discussing?","answer":"Christmas."}
{"text":["One sergeant in the Green Berets told you - and this gives you some sense of the intensity of what went on - I've never seen that many rocket-propelled grenades in my career.","That's correct. He's an 11-year veteran of the Green Beret team, so he's pretty much seen it all in Iraq and Afghanistan. And he said it was almost, you know, cinematic. This particular attack seemed so highly orchestrated that they just felt like, you know - that they were throwing everything that they could at them.","Why weren't the Afghan military forces in Ghazni able to repel this Taliban attack?","The local forces had communication problems. They weren't able to really strategize about how to beat back the Taliban forces. They were overwhelmed in a lot of ways, despite the fact that they're flush with U. S. -supplied weaponry, at that. There were reports of Afghan military firing on their own forces, as well as American convoys. And there were reports that they had delivered the wrong supplies to police departments that were in desperate need of more ammunition. So really, what it came down to was that they needed the U. S.  Special Forces and Afghan commandos, which is special forces of sorts for the Afghans, to be able to have strategy, to be able to communicate with one another and to be able to act in concert rather than these sort of disparate skirmishes.","That adds up to a pretty damning appraisal of the Afghan military's readiness."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The attack looked so perfect, like something straight out of the movies.","questions":"Which team did the Green Beret sergeant belong to?","answer":"Green"}
{"text":["The American Medical Association has largely stayed on the sidelines of political fights over the past 30 years or so. But a North Dakota law set to go into effect next month is spurring the doctor's group to get involved now. The law will require doctors in North Dakota to tell patients that medically induced abortions can be reversed. Now, there's no scientific evidence to support that claim, and the AMA is taking the state to court over it and another existing abortion law. Julie Rovner covers health policy at Kaiser Health News. She joins us now.","Welcome back to the program, Julie.","Thanks for having me.","We just described one of these laws. What's the other one, and why is the AMA concerned about it?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The AMA is getting involved in politics due to North Dakota law on medically induced abortions.","questions":"How is the AMPersonA responding to the North Dakota law on medically induced abortions?","answer":"Court"}
{"text":["Well, thereafter, we may be singing Christmas carols in the Capitol. It's brinksmanship, of course. They're just trying to get everybody focused and trying to get everybody to actually vote for the basic spending bills, get Congress to do their routine business. It's not routine, though, because Republican leaders can't get enough of their members to vote for spending bills. So they need Democratic votes to get the bills across the finish line. And those come with a price tag, including, for example, the issue of the DREAMers, the. . .","Yeah.",". . . People who were brought here by their parents when the parents came to the country illegally.","And how do they breach the differences between the House and Senate bills, when the promises some Republican Senate leaders made to get the votes of, say, Susan Collins of Maine and Jeff Flake of Arizona, seem to be no longer - are not contained in the House version?And the House leaders say nope, we're not going to have them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : And how do they breach the differences between the House and Senate bills, when the promises some Republican Senate leaders made to get the votes of, say, Susan Collins of Maine and Jeff Flake of Arizona","questions":"What promises were made to get the votes of Susan Collins and Jeff Flake?","answer":"Promises"}
{"text":["Well, the government, it's been a little late and a little ad hoc, you know, beginning with the bailout of Bear Stearns. You know, the solutions were simply antiseptic, one-off types of solutions that ultimately led to bigger problems, and now, of course, in the last few weeks, the potential for one giant massive solution, but the ad hoc nature of it and the timeliness of the response has been a little lacking, in my opinion.","Well, now, we have this $850 billion rescue plan, $250 billion of that going directly into banks. That's something that you have called for in the last month. The government is responding. Still, in the markets, you don't see a sense of calm, and you write about that. America is afraid, you say.","Yes. America's afraid. Investors are afraid, and, you know, the delicate combination between Wall Street and Main Street has reinforced the fear of each.","From what I read, a fundamental source of the fear is this continuing uncertainty about what assets are worth. You have offered to help the government with that?You said you'd do it for nothing. Have you heard back from anybody at the Treasury?Have they called you up to say, gee, great, thanks, let's go to work?","Well, there have been discussions, Alex. We haven't had any final decision. We hope to hear, I suppose, within the next 24 to 48 hours, and so. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The government has not handled the financial crisis effectively.","questions":"What has reinforced the fear of each?","answer":"b"}
{"text":["And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?","You know, we saw reports. As we were doing live coverage, we saw reports of damage start to trickle in. But, really, right after an earthquake, it is, like, fog of war. No one knows what's going on. Emergency responders are just going out trying to survey the damage. We did hear reports of fires.","We got some calls into our - into KPCC of people telling us that they had fallen. One woman said that she thought maybe she broke her wrist. And there were a lot of people who were just afraid to go back into their houses, which is another big thing with big earthquakes - is that it disrupts people's lives not just for that one moment, but continuously, especially after aftershock after aftershock after aftershock keeps hitting.","All right. Well, we'll be getting updates throughout the morning. And thanks very much for joining us. KPCC's Jacob Margolis, science reporter and host of a podcast called \"The Big One: Your Survival Guide. \"Thank you, Jacob."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Repeating the word \"aftershock\" implies aftershocks were coming frequently and multiple times.","questions":"What disrupted people's lives continuously after big earthquakes?","answer":"Aftershocks"}
{"text":["Well, we think that the individual insurance markets need to be stabilized. There needs to be certainty. Right now, the insurance companies are putting together their plans for rating the 2018 insurance products, and they have no certainty from Congress regarding the support for insurance premiums for lower income people. Without knowing those, they don't know how to price their policies, and they're going to price them very high. So the bit - that's the biggest thing that needs to be addressed right now.","Dr.  Gurman, I move to ask you a question, both as a physician with a practice and the head of the AMA, how much time do you have to spend on matters that have nothing to do with medicine?","Well, unfortunately, a lot. We know from doing detailed studies where we actually follow doctors and minute to minute with a stopwatch find out what they're doing. The doctors are spending less than half of their time actually taking care of patients. So it's a big problem.","And how would you reduce that bureaucracy, though?Because, you know, bureaucracies run on (laughter) run on a paper trail in a sense."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A: The speaker implies that doctors are spending a significant amount of time on non-patient care activities, which is a major problem in the medical industry.","questions":"What is the biggest problem in the medical industry according to Dr. Gurman?","answer":"non-patient"}
{"text":["It has been nearly 17 years since Brooklyn, New York's Crown Heights neighborhood was engulfed by riots and recriminations. The neighborhood is a mix of Caribbean-Americans, black Americans, born in the States, and orthodox Jews. In August of 1991, a rabbi's motorcade hit a seven-year-old Guyanese boy named Gavin Cato. He later died from his injuries. Some neighbors believe that the Jewish ambulance crew that arrived slightly before the city ambulance should have taken Cato to the hospital. Within hours of the boy's death, a mob of young black men killed Yankel Rosenbaum, a young orthodox Jewish divinity student. Stores were looted or burnt and dozens of people were injured in the subsequent days.","Flash forward to the present. In the last few weeks, a series of new incidents, admittedly much smaller ones, have put Crown Heights on a small boil. Can members of the black and Jewish communities ease the tensions, and are they willing to try?In a few minutes we'll hear from two of those community leaders. But, first, here to help us untangle the latest Crown Heights affair is New York Post editorial writer Robert George. Hi, Robert.","Hi, Farai, how is it going?","Good. And why don't we talk about this in context. You know, you have the 1991 tensions that broke out, now what exactly is going on today?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : dozens of people implies a very large number of people ","questions":"How many people were injured during the Crown Heights riots?","answer":"0"}
{"text":["No, so Wim van Egmond is an artist, and he was trained as an artist. He was a painter at first, and he was really into painting from these scientific illustrations, biological illustrations from hundreds of years ago. And he said, well, you know, I could just do this myself. So he purchased his first microscope about 20 years ago and since then has been kind of perfecting the technique.","But when he started, you know, he was also working with film, like Roman Vishniac. And, you know, when he had to look up what he was looking at, these organisms, he was looking in reference books, things that are just unthinkable these days, of course you would just Google.","So he said that, you know, progress has gotten much faster because now you can just look and see your result immediately. You don't have to develop your film, and - you know, and so he's gotten - it sounds like he's gotten - he's sort of refined his techniques much more quickly in the days of the digital camera.","Now I know you like to limit the size of your video pick to like three or four minutes."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"when he had to look up what he was looking at, these organisms, he was looking in reference books, things that are just unthinkable these days, of course you would just Google.\" Literal meaning: Wim van Egmond used to search for information about organisms in reference books, which is an outdated practice now that we can easily search on Google. Actual meaning: Wim van Egmond used to search for information about organisms in reference books, and nowadays it's more common to use online resources like Google for such searches.","questions":"Which online resource has replaced the practice of looking up information about organisms in reference books?","answer":"Google"}
{"text":["Does the seriousness of this cast a shadow on the White House?Are they concerned about what, for instance, is going to be coming out today?","I think it casts a huge shadow over the White House. I think it's very serious. I want Congress to conduct full oversight on it. And I think we need to look at it. I think Congress and I think Republicans and Democrats have a duty, no matter who's in the White House, to ask tough questions, and the president can push back when they think they overreach.","Finally, with the president calling this a hoax and a scam, do you think that is wise?","Well, I - you know, I'm not going to comment on every description the president. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They think it does make the government look bad to the public.","questions":"Which house?","answer":"White"}
{"text":["How hopeful are you that this outbreak can be contained?","Specifically in Uganda, they are very well-prepared. But the way the response is going in the DRC is very concerning. There's a lot of scale-up and better coordination and closely working with the community. There's a lot of armed groups operating in the area. There's a tax on Ebola workers. NGOs are forced to suspend their programming on a regular basis.","And so it's really important that we gain the trust of the community in the DRC, that people make sure they're starting to bring suspected cases into the clinics because we're still seeing a lot of cases in the communities, which shows that people are not trusting the response, and they're not bringing their loved ones into the clinics for treatment. So in order to stop it spreading, we have to stop it in the source, which is in North Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo.","Kellie Ryan with the International Rescue Committee in Uganda. We reached her by Skype. Kellie, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People in the DRC are not trusting the response to the Ebola outbreak and need to start bringing suspected cases into clinics for treatment","questions":"Which country is mentioned in turn 2 as the source of the Ebola outbreak?","answer":"DRC"}
{"text":["Leading the tributes to President George H. W. Bush were several former presidents and the current president. President Trump said of Mr.  Bush, with sound judgment, common sense and unflappable leadership, he guided our nation and the world to a peaceful and victorious conclusion of the Cold War. President Bill Clinton, who defeated Mr.  Bush for the presidency in 1992, gave thanks for his great long life of service, love and friendship. Ron Elving, senior Washington correspondent, joins us. Ron, thanks so much for being with us.","Good to be with you, Scott.","He was the last of a different generation - sometimes called the greatest generation. He served in World War II, congressman, former U. S.  ambassador to China and the United Nations, director of the CIA, vice president and then after that finally president.","You know, when he first sought the Republican nomination in 1980, Scott, his TV ads called him, quote, \"a president we won't have to train,\" unquote. And that was a nod to all that preparation and experience he had had even before he was vice president."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Mr. Bush's generation is unique and admirable for their services in different fields.","questions":"What is the term sometimes used to describe Mr. Bush's generation?","answer":"Greatest"}
{"text":["So how did this come to your attention?","It was actually something that I feel like I had noticed being in sort of tourist-heavy destinations myself. It turns out that this is actually a phenomenon that's happening around the world. Barcelona, Paris, Tokyo are receiving floods of visitors that, in many cases, they just can't handle. So the number of international arrivals around the world - so the number of people going to a country that they're, you know, not a citizen or a resident of - has gone from 70 million in 1960 to 1. 4 billion today. So just really astonishingly explosive growth.","So you've talked about the root cause of this. And one is just that there are more people who are able to travel - right?- a larger middle class. But you also talk about business trends that have contributed to overtourism, especially new media. What can you tell us?","So there are sites like Airbnb and VRBO, which have increased what we might think of as the carrying capacity of certain cities. They've decreased the cost of staying in them, and they've allowed residents of those cities or property owners to rent rooms out, where all of a sudden it's just a lot easier to get a room; many more tourists can stay there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The number of international arrivals has increased rapidly in popular tourist destinations.","questions":"What phenomenon is happening around the world in tourist-heavy destinations?","answer":"Overtourism"}
{"text":["So how did this come to your attention?","It was actually something that I feel like I had noticed being in sort of tourist-heavy destinations myself. It turns out that this is actually a phenomenon that's happening around the world. Barcelona, Paris, Tokyo are receiving floods of visitors that, in many cases, they just can't handle. So the number of international arrivals around the world - so the number of people going to a country that they're, you know, not a citizen or a resident of - has gone from 70 million in 1960 to 1. 4 billion today. So just really astonishingly explosive growth.","So you've talked about the root cause of this. And one is just that there are more people who are able to travel - right?- a larger middle class. But you also talk about business trends that have contributed to overtourism, especially new media. What can you tell us?","So there are sites like Airbnb and VRBO, which have increased what we might think of as the carrying capacity of certain cities. They've decreased the cost of staying in them, and they've allowed residents of those cities or property owners to rent rooms out, where all of a sudden it's just a lot easier to get a room; many more tourists can stay there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The number of international arrivals has increased rapidly in popular tourist destinations.","questions":"Which statistic has experienced explosive growth?","answer":"1.4"}
{"text":["Unfortunately, we know that the homeless individuals who are unsheltered and living in the street are disproportionately burdened with behavioral health challenges, mental disease, substance abuse disorders. And so if a nurse from the government shows up with a syringe and says, hey, I'm here from the government. I'm here to help you. Take this shot - it's not so simple. We have had to spend a tremendous amount of time building trust, providing education and making the case for why receiving a vaccine is such a critical opportunity for them to protect their health.","What are the symptoms of hepatitis A?","These are symptoms that basically reflect inflammation of the liver. And the most common symptoms are basically fever, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, significant abdominal pain, the loss of appetite. And then one of the telltale things is either darkening of the urine or what's called jaundice, which is the common yellowing of the eyes and the yellow hue of the skin, indicating liver enzymes being spilled into the bloodstream. So jaundice is also a very common symptom.","Dr.  Yphnatides, if you think long term about changes you would want to see made to prevent another outbreak like this in the future, where does that take you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Implied meaning: Symptoms of hepatitis A include fever, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, significant abdominal pain, the loss of appetite, darkening of the urine, and jaundice.","questions":"What is the telltale symptom of hepatitis A?","answer":"Jaundice"}
{"text":["Now what we didn't hear was a huge thunderous applause that you got from the crowd. Would you run for office again?And if so, what office?","I do - I would like to run for office. I really believe very firmly in public service. I enjoyed my years as lieutenant governor. And, you know, as a small-government Republican, really began to appreciate beyond the rhetoric of just saying, you know, I want a smaller government, but really focusing on how you make government work for people and how you make it efficient - more efficient partner in our daily lives.","And so I walked away from the office with a great appreciation for the value of public service and the importance that you can play in helping small businesses, in getting healthcare where it needs to be, and in dealing with problems of crime and the things that lead up to people to do things that create problems in their community, recidivism, and drug addiction, and things like that. So yeah, I'd like to get back to it. I'd like to run for governor of Maryland one day. And we'll see if that ever happens. But yeah, it's on the table. I don't know if it's in the cards yet, but it's at least on the table.","So you're chair of GOPAC, and it aims to elect more Republicans into office. So what are you working on specifically this time around?Are there any races or any strategies you're working on?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"run for office\" implies to be a candidate in an election","questions":"Which position does PersonA want to run for in Maryland?","answer":"governor"}
{"text":["It is John McCain's night tonight. He's got to deliver the speech. You're widely acknowledged as one of the best speech writers in the country. What would you - what would you ask of Senator McCain tonight?","We've had a wonderful opportunity to hear about his biography and he's been praised by others. Not a good idea, ever, to praise yourself. You show what you are. You don't tell people what you are. Now he has to make the case as to how what he wants to do connects with the interests of ordinary people. Through his - through the past half dozen years, McCain's interest in reform - he had a very keen interest in reform, but it's tended not to touch much on bread-and-butter issues.","Most people don't see a connection with their lives and, say, campaign finance, whether McCain is right or wrong. Now he needs to show, I care about the things you care about. I'm not just a Washington insider. And he needs to connect his agenda on healthcare - which is hugely important - on energy, on taxes, all of those things, the pocketbook of middle-income people who basically have not done that well out of the past eight years.","David Frum, former presidential speech writer for George Bush and a blogger at National Review Online. David, thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Senator McCain needs to connect with ordinary people and their interests, especially on pocketbook issues like healthcare, energy, and taxes.","questions":"How does Senator McCain need to connect with middle-income people?","answer":"energy"}
{"text":["Major party conventions are almost a year away. But let's note this week Senator Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts seems to be picking up steam, doesn't she?","If the focus is on the economy, well, Elizabeth Warren will tell you she's got a plan for that. And, of course, the other candidates will say they do, too. But policy is really Warren's strong suit. It's one reason she's climbing in the polls even as nearly the - all of the other top-tier candidates are sliding a bit.","Finally, Ron, I had occasion to look up and listen to the Greenland national anthem this week. It's very moving, as you may know. And President Trump, who complained about the fact that Puerto Rico is an island, reportedly wants the U. S.  or wanted the U. S.  to buy Greenland. What do you make of this?","Yeah, this is apparently one of the good islands. It's not so crazy an idea. The United States was interested in buying Greenland in the 1860s when we bought Alaska from Russia. And we were interested again after World War II when we were trying to keep Russia at bay. The only problem is Greenland belongs to Denmark. Denmark doesn't want to sell. And a lot of people in Greenland would rather be independent. So don't watch for the just-sold sign anytime soon."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : climbing the poles means here election numbers are getting higher","questions":"Which candidate is mentioned as having a strong suit in policy?","answer":"Elizabeth-Warren"}
{"text":["Curative instruction meaning, I'm sorry I said that. Disregard that.","Exactly. Yeah, I made a mistake - mea culpa. I shouldn't have said that. Please disregard what I said and don't hold it against the counsel for either of the parties.","Dramatic testimony from Richard Gates, Manafort's former business partner, this week who essentially said, look. Paul Manafort's a crook. And I know because I am, too. And we schemed together to steal money. That's an argument the defense can turn against the prosecution in a way, though, too, isn't it?","Absolutely. So what the defense may try to do is say, what we're dealing with here is a criminal, a dishonest individual from start to finish. He is being sponsored - his testimony is being sponsored by the government. But you can't trust him. After all, look at all the things he's done. He's stolen, in fact, not only from others but from his own business associate, Mr.  Manafort."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A is admitting their mistake and asking for forgiveness","questions":"What is PersonA asking the counsel to disregard?","answer":"Disregard."}
{"text":["A friend offered this thesis, and I wanted to test it on you. One never before factor in the financial meltdown, is the information revolution. We all know so much, so quickly online, that the surge of bad news begets more bad news, because we don't ever have time to digest it. What do you think of that?","I'm sure that's true. I'm sure that a lot of people who spent a lot of time online as I sometimes do, feels sort of inundated with bad news, and often see that they just want to step away from the computer monitor, lest it sort of reach out and bite them. I think it's probably also, though, possible to overstate the difference between this and earlier times.","Well, how is that?","If you think about the Great Depression, let's say for example like - as everyone is nowadays, during the Great Depression, you also had instantaneous forms of communication. You had the telephone and most notably, you have the telegraph, and I think most people have probably seen pictures or motion pictures with ticker tapes and giving sort of instantaneous stock reports."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The constant stream of bad news online contributed to the financial crisis.","questions":"What factor contributed to the financial crisis?","answer":"news"}
{"text":["No, I didn't, actually. You know, I thought - you know, it was a possibility. We were kind of going into it blind, hoping we could - you know, my family and I, when I say we - we could get some money.","You know, a lot of people would look at you and say, you had such a promising future in football, possibly. You had a free ride to college and, you know, you gave that all up. Do you really feel like, you know, it was the right thing?","Yeah. You know, I think I would rather be - not to say that I couldn't get injured with anything else in life, because I can. I think living a life injury free is much better than not having to pay off student loans. But at the same time, being in pain and having trouble walking and maybe possibly knee and hip surgeries and things like that - and, you know, head injuries of course, with the memory - so I think I'd rather, you know, I'd rather be paying off student loans than having trouble getting down the stairs or something in the morning or, like, something like that.","And now you have equal offers for basketball or. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The family was taking a chance by investing in a potential financial opportunity without having any guarantee of success.","questions":"What was the family's mindset towards the financial opportunity they invested in?","answer":"Hope"}
{"text":["And how did this start?","Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story. And then I would write the story. And then I would send it to him. And I'd give him a first line. And he would start a story. And he would send that back to me. And we did that. And so we decided that we'd open that up to the rest of the world.","How many stories do you typically get?","We run between 300 and 450 submissions in issue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story.\" - This turn has a literal meaning and it explains how the idea of the literary magazine was born and how they came up with the concept of exchanging first lines to create stories.","questions":"How did the idea of exchanging first lines to create stories come to the speakers?","answer":"Friends"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And that's something that my father always stressed upon my sisters and me and that we've all thought it's very important that you should be engaged in the process. In this case it is a political process, because the process of electing our government leaders is one that will have a direct impact on whether we're here and what we do here. So it's fine to criticize, but at the same time if you're not engaged in the process I feel that's a real discredit to everything you try to protest against.","Do you sense a great excitement among the men and women there about the election?","Well, there's certainly a lot of open questions, a lot of us are wondering if Barack Obama's elected versus John McCain and vice versa, whether that will have an effect not just on this tour, but on future military careers because we have a lot of soldiers and a lot of officers who are planning to make a military career and I'm not one of them. I'm going to be leaving active duty when we return from this tour.","But for those soldiers especially, the big question now is, when and how soon they'll have to deploy to Afghanistan. Because many of these soldiers are on their third, some even on their fourth tour here to Iraq. And so now they're looking at another open ended involvement in Afghanistan. And so they've got a lot of questions about that and so we're really just curious right now what both candidates - what decisions they'll make."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"open-ended involvement\" - this means a long-term and uncertain commitment to the mission, not literally an involvement that has no end or closure.","questions":"What does the term \"open-ended involvement\" mean?","answer":"Uncertain"}
{"text":["And I saw that with just kids I knew at public school that were gifted. A lot of them struggled as they got older because they've been told they were smart. And so when they failed, they felt let down, they felt confused, and they blamed themselves.","So I think you see that on a much grander level with a child star where they get this level of fame and success and they think that that's going to last forever because they get used to it. And as they get older it's taken away from them, and they're not sure who to blame. And they don't know how to do anything for themselves.","And almost inevitably taken away from them by a disease called adolescence.","Yes, exactly. I mean I think that child stars are - they're used, in a way, to - their cuteness is used. And a lot of child actors - I mean people often ask me, they say why were you in so many kids' movies. And one was that my mother and father believed that there weren't enough good kids' movies out there. Now, I wasn't always in the best kids' movies, but they thought that that was important. And another thing is that there can really only be so many \"To Kill A Mockingbirds\" out there."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There can only be so many award winning, great movies out there for children.","questions":"What is the reason for PersonA being in many kids' movies?","answer":"smarter"}
{"text":["Do the crime, do the time, that's the old line, right?But convicted perpetrators are still afforded basic human rights while serving out their debt to society. The Southern Center for Human Rights recently filed suit on behalf of a group of prisoners in Decatur, Alabama. The presiding judge describes the county jail as, quote, \"A Slave Ship. \"There, the sheriff is accused of starving his prisoners so he could pocket the profits off a lean kitchen budget. Joining us is Lisa Kung, the executive director of the Southern Center for Human Rights. Hi, Lisa.","Hi, how are you?","I'm good. So this case has just stunned people across the world. I couldn't believe it myself when I read about it. But I understand that there is a Depression-era law on the books that made this kind of profiteering legal. Tell us about the law and the details of the case.","Sure. That's right. Alabama has this arrangement where the state pays $1. 75 a day to the sheriffs - directly to the sheriffs for every person they have in his or her jail. Now, you and I know it's hard enough to come up with three meals a day for $1. 75, and what makes Alabama special is that it allows these sheriffs to take any of the money that they don't spend on food and put it straight into their own pocket."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The profiteering of sheriffs from prisoners' budget is a legal but shocking reality in Alabama","questions":"How much does the state pay per day to the sheriffs for every person they have in their jail in Alabama?","answer":"$1.75"}
{"text":["Another effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act gained steam last night. A federal judge in Texas ruled that the law is unconstitutional. We're joined now by NPR's health policy correspondent, Alison Kodjak. Alison, thanks so much for coming in.","Thanks for having me, Scott.","This decision was received last night. What's it say?","Well, it's a pretty sweeping decision, actually. This judge ruled that the entire Affordable Care Act, which famously ran more than a thousand pages long, was unconstitutional. The case was brought by 18 Republican attorneys general, and it was led by Texas AG Ken Paxton."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Affordable Care Act is being challenged by Republicans.","questions":"Which party brought the case challenging the Affordable Care Act?","answer":"Republican"}
{"text":["But, you know, people have been, you know, taking this approach for a long time.","I notice that you might be able to - I think the Romans shipped apparent black wax tablets, and then you scrape off the wax, something's in there.","Oh sure, there are lots of different ways you could do this. And in fact, I mean, the story that's floating around, and I'm not sure if it's true or not, I haven't been able to dig deep enough to find out, is that during World War II, the censors would go through, and they would kind of change numerical tables.","So if somebody was sending a letter to someone in the theater and saying, you know, Johnny got good grades, got an A, B, a C or something like that, they might change them around a little bit. Or they might change, you know, put little changes just in case someone was trying to sneak a message in, you know, some table of data."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the speaker is suggesting that the censors would change the grades in the letter to prevent someone from sending a secret message.","questions":"How did the censors alter the numerical tables during World War II?","answer":"Grades"}
{"text":["And let's just say, it was a fishing expedition. It was financed by Trump's opponents in both parties. Some fishing expeditions do come back with fish. And if this one actually did and some of that finds its way into the hands of special independent prosecutor Bob Mueller's investigators, then the dossier might, in some sense, inform their questions about Russian interference because all of this was about Trump's ties to people in Russia.","Right. And those questions about Russian interference will also be front and center in the upcoming hearings that we mentioned for the tech giants - Facebook, Twitter and Google executives who are going to be before Congress over two days this coming week. What will they be grilled about?","You know, in recent days, we have learned a good deal more about how extensive the Russian involvement in social media was, particularly the number of ads running on Facebook and how they were targeted. And some of this was using some of the people in Facebook who work with advertisers - big advertisers - and who help you target exactly the people you're trying to reach.","So this might have been - it appears to have been one of the main ways in which these Russian elements were trying to put a big thumb on the scale in the 2016 election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Grill: to question someone intensively and aggressively.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue describes how the Russians were trying to influence the 2016 election?","answer":"Scale"}
{"text":["Thank you.","What did you see when you drove through that deep water?What did you do?","It was just devastation everywhere. I mean, it looked like a lake. It looks like a lake in the middle of the neighborhood. You can't even fathom it.","Do you remember some of the people you were able to help?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - The actual meaning is to ask what the impact of the deep water was on the neighborhood and people, rather than asking what the individual saw and did.","questions":"Which question reveals that turn 2 is about the impact of the deep water on the neighborhood and people?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":[". . . And because I've written certain things. And now I know that certain people in Saudi Arabia that I can't even name, people who work at the Royal Court, are putting names on a list, people like me and others. And these people are now blacklisted in this country. And we know it. I mean, we all know it, OK?So this is it. This is what's at stake.","Why do you think this is happening now?","What's different now is certain regimes, even if they were fierce and bold and sometimes ruthless with their own opponents, did not do this level of things abroad or in the daylight, OK?Mubarak could make opponents disappear in Egypt. He would never dare to touch someone in the streets of London or Berlin. The Saudi leadership used to kidnap some princes for family reasons in Switzerland or elsewhere, but they would not kill someone in the streets of Paris or Rome, OK?So this is now different. These countries today feel that they have withered an extraordinarily enormous storm, which is the Arab revolution that started in 2011, OK?So they are today on a full-blast quest and hunt against anybody who could threaten their political existence.","If the West specifically and the United States don't react forcefully to Jamal Khashoggi's disappearance, what do you think the effect will be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They would not do bad things were most people would find out about them.","questions":"What is the reason for the change in behavior of certain regimes discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Change"}
{"text":["And tell us a bit about the ocean bed.","It's a bit rockier than the Rockies. It's that sort of terrain. The location they're looking at is at the foot of a huge mountain. That mountain rises about three and a half kilometers. That's about two miles up from the sea floor. So it's on a really quite steep terrain. We don't know whether the seabed there is muddy, silty - in which case things can sink into the seabed - or whether it's rocky. We've got better maps of the moon's surface for this area than we do of the seabed itself. So, you know, if someone said to you, this is on the moon, we could tell you what the terrain was like. We don't really know what it's like here. We don't have detailed maps.","I have a lot of respect for the Royal Australian Navy, but has anybody ever been able to pick up something this deep in the ocean before?","The technology is there, but it's rare. And there isn't - there aren't that many vehicles that can operate at these sorts of depths."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"It's a bit rockier than the Rockies.\" This phrase is a figurative expression, meaning that the ocean bed is rocky, like the Rocky Mountains, but not necessarily to the same degree of rockiness as the mountains.","questions":"Which mountain rises about three and a half kilometers from the sea floor?","answer":"Mountain"}
{"text":["And that polio virus is thought to be non-zoonotic. It's thought to be a virus that only affects humans, but it's capable of passing from humans into chimps. So it seems to have made those chimps sick and killed some of them.","Likewise, the mountain gorillas of Rwanda and Uganda, when people visit those on - ecotourist adventures, they're not allowed to come closer than within about 15 feet. The gorillas are habituated. They're perfectly happy to have people nearby.","But the people who manage those gorilla populations are concerned that diseases, human diseases, will spill over into the mountain gorillas, which are an endangered subspecies and have a relatively small gene pool. So, yes, we have to be careful that we don't give diseases to wildlife also, especially wildlife that's closely related to us and that's endangered.","It seemed like many of the viruses you talk about in this book spilled over from bats, and I don't think of them as close relations to us particularly. But do we have. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The mountain gorillas are habituated to humans and tourists, but human diseases could harm them.","questions":"Which animals could be endangered by human diseases according to the discussion?","answer":"Wildlife"}
{"text":["But well. . .","If you go through the list of Obama people, the top four, five, six people had not just worked in presidential campaigns before, but they worked in that critical area which gets very little attention, but is absolutely essential, and that's called field operations. It means going into states, setting up shop, organizing, getting people door knocking, getting people calling and getting delegate victories.","These people knew how to win campaigns on a local level. Importantly, very significant figures had a lot of experience in Iowa. He set his sights on winning Iowa very early.","What I found fascinating in doing this reporting is that both campaigns had the same Plan A. The Plan A was, win the first four states, attain a political victory, and not be out of personnel."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"But well...\" - This is an expression that doesn't have a literal meaning. It is an interjection that is often used to indicate hesitation, a change of subject, or a transition in conversation.","questions":"What was the critical area that the top four, five, six people in Obama's list had worked in before?","answer":"Critical"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah, yeah, no, I mean, we do excited about it. And in the case of Pluto, we're excited about it because Pluto could be a remnant from the early solar system. It could really tell us a lot about how we all got here. So, for me, this was really the highlight of the year, personally. I mean, we - you know, humanity sends a probe from more than three billion miles away, so far away it took four and a half hours just for the photos to make their way back at the speed of light. And, you know, this little probe gets these great pictures, sends them back and we learn just an enormous amount. It was very cool.","Now, I don't want to leave without talking about space cuisine. I understand there were important advances in the grub you get in space.","That's right. Space food is notoriously horrible to eat. It's all this vacuum-packed, freeze-dried stuff. It's sort of - they - they extrude it out of these packages and it comes out as a paste. It looks awful. But this year, they managed to grow some lettuce up there. And so for the first time, astronauts were actually allowed to eat it. They brought up a little balsamic vinaigrette to put on it. You know, this sounds kind of trivial. It is a little silly, but it's not as easy as it sounds. I mean, remember, plants, you know, grow on Earth and. . .","Well, we've all seen the movie where they had a hell of a time trying to grow potatoes on Mars."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Turn (1) has a figurative meaning: \"highlight of the year\" does not refer to an actual bright light but rather an important event or achievement.","questions":"Which turn has a figurative meaning?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["Studios can hold out. They're in bad shape. I mean, they're going to be hurt by this environment economically. But that doesn't mean they can't survive for quite a long time with a strike underway. And that means that people would - I mean, it would just be so devastating; people would lose their jobs. And that wouldn't just be the actors; it would be people who support productions. The actors, unlike the writers, they can close down a movie very quickly. So, it would be an immediate and potentially a long-term and the devastating impact not only for the economy here, but for the Screen Actors Guild if it turned out to backfire.","So, Kim, what happens from here?What's the next steps?","At some point, they can declare an impasse, and the Screen Actors Guild will go to its members and ask for a strike authorization. That requires 75-percent approval of those voting. There certainly are some very high-profile actors - George Clooney, Tom Hanks - who are very opposed to this and who probably would go out there and try to persuade people to vote and vote it down. But with 75-percent approval of those voting, not of the membership, of those voting, that would mean they would have strike authorization and they could initiate a strike.","And if there is a strike, what would that mean for viewers?Does that mean even more hours of reality TV?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to hold out in this context means to wait","questions":"Which word in turn 0 is a synonym for \"wait\"?","answer":"Wait"}
{"text":["Well, yes, of course, I have. I had to. When I realized that I wanted to write this novel and this is the way I wanted to do it, I wanted to use the monarchs - OK, we'll say it - the monarchs as a device. I, of course, had to be able to describe this phenomenon infinitely, in many different ways, and to express in language how amazing and how beautiful it is.","So I had to go and see that, and I did go to Mexico and spend time on the mountaintops in Michoacan, where these - the whole species or the whole population of eastern monarchs congregates in the winter. And so I had to be able to recreate that. So, yes, I have seen them. And it's - it is a wonder of the world.","Hmm. You're listening to SCIENCE FRIDAY, on NPR. I'm Flora Lichtman, talking with Barbara Kingsolver about her new novel, \"Flight Behavior. \"","It comes through as a real phenomenon in the book, too. I mean, it just seems - you can see why people would look at it and think it's a miracle."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the phenomenon described in the book is extraordinary and could be perceived as a miracle by some readers, even though the literal meaning is simply acknowledging that the phenomenon is portrayed realistically in the book.","questions":"How might some readers perceive the phenomenon described in the book?","answer":"miracle"}
{"text":["And how did this start?","Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story. And then I would write the story. And then I would send it to him. And I'd give him a first line. And he would start a story. And he would send that back to me. And we did that. And so we decided that we'd open that up to the rest of the world.","How many stories do you typically get?","We run between 300 and 450 submissions in issue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) is the same as its literal meaning, which is stating the range of submissions received by the literary magazine.","questions":"Which range is mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"300"}
{"text":["And what do you say?","Well, very simply - is that these are people who are dying. It's not that they have a choice of not dying. They're - they have to be terminal in order to even be speaking to the doctor about getting an end-of-life medication, and in that case, it's something that we actually need to be more comfortable with dying. The most significant part of this law is that it opens up a conversation.","When a patient says, you know, Doc, I'd really like to have a medication to end my life now, the first question should be why. And that should open up not a conversation about how to get the medication or what the medication is but, what are you needing as you're dying?What's bothering you, or what are your worries, more than anything else?And what can we do to alleviate those things that make you so frightened of death?How do we alleviate it without giving you this medication?","And what we've found in the other states that are already doing this - already in Washington, Vermont and Montana - is that once you open that conversation, most of the time, and in fact the vast majority of the time, the patients don't need the medication. They just need the conversation."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: When a doctor talks with a patient about end-of-life medication, the doctor should ask why and focus on addressing the patient's fear of death and alleviating their worries, rather than just prescribing the medication.","questions":"How should a doctor approach a conversation with a patient about end-of-life medication?","answer":"Conversation"}
{"text":["The advice I'd give to others is, do your homework, and don't be afraid to do it. The one rule I gave myself was, it's OK if you fail. And coming from a type-A legal background, you don't make any mistakes. But in business, you have to be flexible. So, I allowed myself the freedom to make those mistakes and grow from them.","Have there been any moments when being an African-American entrepreneur has either hurt you or at least given some food for thought?","I'll take the food for thought. I'm a member of the International Spa Association. That's a pretty high-end spa group. And that market's OK, but other trade shows I would do, people would walk up and they'd say, oh, is this a black skin-care company?And I'm thinking, well, everybody has skin, irrespective of who you are - because they see me there. Even though the woman on the cover, model is - she's kind of every woman. She's actually Filipino and German, but people can't tell her background. But when they see my face there, they assume it's a company just for African-American skin, which is not the case.","When you think about that aspect of marketing, do you think that black companies that market directly to African-Americans, just very briefly, have an advantage or disadvantage over businesses like yours?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : food for thought implies deep reasoning or a concern. Not really a meal to be eaten ","questions":"How would you describe the implication of the phrase \"food for thought\" used by A?","answer":"Concern"}
{"text":["I did.","What's it like?","It's really very beautiful. And I kind of thought to myself when I saw it - he has it in his room and they're sort of in a guest room with a blue bedspread and there are kind of stuffed animals on the bed. It's a very bizarre scene and very Sendak. But I saw it and I thought to myself, who would ever want to own Keats's death mask?And then I looked at it and I realized, like, I know exactly why you would want to own Keats's death mask because in a way, what I was doing in this book was kind of writing death masks.","That urge to preserve the moment - and Annie Leibovitz did it with her famous photographs of Sontag - and Sendak himself drew the people he loved, his partner of many, many years after he died and his family members right before they died. And there's something about capturing that moment in art that I actually do completely understand, both the reason that you'd make Keats's death mask and the reason you'd want to own it.","In the end, Katie, did you come away feeling that you had figured out what, for you, would be a good death, an enviable death?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) - The speaker is suggesting that the woman might have been racist and they needed to take her seriously.","questions":"How did Sendak capture the people he loved before they died?","answer":"Art"}
{"text":["Hopeful or not, I think the obvious answer is yes, I am a student of Zimbabwe, I am still very hopeful. But we are calling on President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa always been mandated by SADC to meet it in the Zimbabwe crisis, to look seriously in (unintelligible) and move away from this quiet diplomats which is not producing the desired result, and probably as the AU summit sits on Saturday with eight African leaders to take a position on Zimbabwe. The deployment of a peacekeeping mission is now long overdue. The people of Zimbabwe have suffered enough.","Clever, I want to thank you so much for talking with us.","You are welcome. Thank you very much.","Clever Bere is president of Zimbabwe's National Student Union. He spoke with us from Harare, Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Simultaneous use of soft-laser for exposure to the cochlea and administration of Ginkgo biloba extract for 4 weeks on a 20-50% of patients has been reported to be useful. Soft-laser mechanism of action is unknown, but it has been proved that light leads to athermic stimulation of biochemical processes","questions":"Which treatment has been reported to be useful for 20-50% of patients?","answer":"Treatment"}
{"text":["What options are open now for the United States to undertake this week, this month, if necessary?","Yeah. I think what the United States really has to concentrate on now is the root cause of the humanitarian catastrophe that is engulfing all of Syria's neighbors, to say nothing of Syria itself. The real driver behind this is the practice of the Assad regime, which was described in a U. N.  report released on the 4th of June as systematic crimes against humanity. And the main one is the shelling of populated areas not under regime control. The use of artillery, aircraft, even scud missiles to terrorize people in these urban areas and in these towns and villages - this is what's driving the humanitarian crisis. And this is what I think the United States really has to take a look at in terms of a response. The response may be timed to some ultimate finding about chemical weapons use but the danger is that the chemical weapons then can become a distractor here. What's really right in front of our face right now is a humanitarian catastrophe that is engulfing not only Syria but its neighbors.","Ambassador Frederic Hof, who's now with the Atlantic Council. Thank you so much, sir, for coming in.","Scott, it's been a real pleasure. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The literal meaning of turn (1) is a request for information about the options available to the United States at present. The implied meaning, however, is that the speaker is concerned about the situation in Syria and is looking for possible courses of action that the United States could take to address the root cause of the humanitarian crisis there. The speaker believes that the Assad regime's practice of shelling populated areas not under its control is the main driver behind the crisis and that this should be the focus of the United States' response.","questions":"How does the speaker suggest addressing the humanitarian crisis in Syria?","answer":"Root"}
{"text":["Power went out, so hopefully it will come back out soon.","So, power is already out.","Yeah.","I understand that Johnny White's is a good gathering spot. But what are you going to do for food and water and all that kind of stuff?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A is stating the obvious about the power being out","questions":"What is the status of the power?","answer":"Out"}
{"text":["I gather Jim Dunne was a great father.","He was a great father. And - yes. And he has two sons that are in the automotive business. And yeah, he was a terrific father and a wonderful grandfather as well and a great friend.","Yeah. You're going to miss him.","I'm going to miss him. I'm going to miss - he also was wonderful for - he held lunches at some of Detroit's divier (ph) places. And you know, I'm going to miss when he'd call up and say, hey, we're meeting at Buddy's Pizza (ph) at 12:15. Be there. I wish I'd said yes more often."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Jim Dunne was a great father and successful in raising his sons, while emphasizing he was a wonderful grandfather and friend","questions":"Which family member of Jim Dunne was mentioned as being wonderful in addition to being a great father?","answer":"Grandfather"}
{"text":["Struggling yes, and because our ballots were delivered late this time. There was a delay in approval from the State Board of Elections which affected everybody in the state really. Consequently, the printer had to work all weekend to get the absentee ballots to us and he walked in about two o'clock yesterday afternoon. So then of course we had three volunteers yesterday afternoon folding those eight and a half by fourteen ballots and putting them in the - in a sealed envelope that then goes in the pack that we had previously prepared.","We've been hearing that there is a big increase in the number of people who want to vote early this year about a third of all voters nationwide. Are you seeing that where you are, an increase?","Well we don't have early voting in Virginia in the same sense that North Carolina for instance does. In Virginia you have to have a reason, one of the reasons listed on the absentee application for needing to vote absentee.","What are those reasons?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In Virginia, it is difficult to vote early without a valid reason","questions":"Which state has limited options for early voting?","answer":"Virginia"}
{"text":["Look; can Democrats accuse Republicans of refusing to live up to their oversight responsibilities because they don't want to antagonize what they take to be their political base if Democrats don't bring up impeachment because the poll numbers are discouraging or because they think they'd lose the vote in the Senate?Isn't there a constitutional responsibility, too?","I think there's absolutely constitutional responsibility right now to break through obstructionism put up by the president to continue the investigations that we're pursuing right now. Just as an example, you know, within the Intelligence Committee and the Oversight Committee, we're pressing for the financial records of the president through Deutsche Bank and his accounting firm to figure out, you know, what are his ties to the Russians?This is material that I don't think that the Mueller team necessarily pursued because the president had put a red line around it. And I think the Mueller team, based on what we can tell, decided not to cross that red line.","So this is potentially new material that hopefully would move some independent-minded folks on the other side depending on what the results are. But at the end of the day, this can't be about party. It has to be about our country and what's best for our country. I do believe the president has done some very bad things, and now we have to hold him accountable.","How?I mean, isn't - doesn't the Constitution provide the instrument for holding him accountable right in front of you?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The person thinks there is contitutional responsibility to investigate areas that the president has said not to. The Mueller team did not as the president told them to investigate only so much and then to stop.","questions":"Which team?","answer":"Mueller"}
{"text":["I wouldn't say a list of specific charges but some general charges. So the one that is the most specific is the claim that in 1996 she went on a spy mission to China to Guangxi province and, you know, spied for the FBI. And, I mean, there's a number of issues with that. I mean, one of them is that I have all kinds of evidence that Sandy did not go to China in 1996. I have the evidence of her passport. I have the evidence of her paystubs.","I mean, she was a full-time employee of the Houston Police Department as a secretary, a clerk typist, when she allegedly was doing the spy work. The paystubs show that she'd taken 11 hours off during the time in question. I've also got a newspaper article that she appeared in. So, I mean, we have a fair amount of evidence that shows that she was not in China in 1996.","Why would the Chinese government be interested in putting your wife in prison if there wasn't something that made them suspicious?","So this is not the police that investigate regular crimes. This is the, you know, China Ministry of State Security. This is a bunch of spies. They don't trust anybody. And in point of fact, I mean, they look at people involved in nonprofit work like my wife with a great deal of suspicion. And the fact of the matter is the state security has sent a number of people to the U. S.  to spy, and the FBI has been catching these people. And I am sure that the Ministry of State Security is just not very happy about that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the implied meaning is that the Chinese Ministry of State Security is trying to take revenge for the U.S. FBI catching their spies in the U.S.","questions":"How does turn 3 explain the reason for the Chinese government's interest in Sandy?","answer":"Revenge"}
{"text":["Do you have any reason that any of these nominees that have evaded the question of Brown v.  Board being correctly decided - do you have any reason to believe that they would be in support of overturning Brown v.  Board?","I think that the real attempt here is if you decline to answer questions about Brown v.  Board, it becomes internally logical to also declined to answer questions about Roe, which is back on the table. And so the way to sort of elide that conversation is to say, I won't talk about any of those precedents, and I won't talk about Brown. So it looks really principled, but it's a way of moving the goalposts about what you won't talk about.","Dahlia Lithwick is a senior editor at Slate. Thank you very much for joining us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn (2) has an actual meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not discussing an attempt to physically move goalposts, but rather a rhetorical strategy of avoiding answering certain questions.","questions":"What is the speaker referring to as a way to avoid answering certain questions?","answer":"Moving"}
{"text":["And also they X-rayed them and they put it contrast eyes. And they found this sort of anatomical differences that would allow owls to do this.","One thing that struck you about the video that they sent as well as it struck me.","I think struck you. I'm not sure.","Was that right at the beginning of the video, you watch the video and one of the scientists is there and he's got an owl on his arm. And they're absolutely - they look alike. And now you say people look like their pets. He looks \u2014 he's standing still. Both their eyes are facing forward and it looks like - just like his owl."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implication is that the person realised something about the video - it did not literally hit them. ","questions":"How did the person understand the video?","answer":"Realized"}
{"text":["Yeah. Did we once all have them and they went away somehow?Or what - why did some of us have the healthy population and some of us don't?","Well, that's all down to exposures. And, you know, one of the things that clearly can deplete a microbiome of diversity is antimicrobial use, which clearly is more prevalent in use and perhaps inappropriately.","Antibiotics, you mean.","Exactly. In the last several decades. That's clearly one obvious approach to deplete the diversity. The other thing is, we think that viral infections, which frequently perceive these kind of chronic outcomes in inflammatory disease, including in the sinuses, they may actually perturb the microbiome and induce, perhaps, inflammation from the host that actually kills some of these protective organisms."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Antimicrobial use, including antibiotics, can deplete microbiome diversity.","questions":"What is one thing that can deplete microbiome diversity?","answer":"Antimicrobials"}
{"text":["Well, I will say he's not so much trapped. He did do the wrong thing, and he knowingly did the wrong thing for what he believed were for the right reasons. But he still did break the law. So there was going to be some sort of comeuppance in regard because I didn't want to do it where he does something illegal, and it's, like, but it's the main character. Let it slide. On the other hand, the idea was to show that once he's there, exactly where he's sending people.","And one of the reasons I found this interesting is there are comics like \"Doonesbury,\" for example, that are known for taking on topical issues, but that has always been the flavor of \"Doonesbury. \"As I said before, this is a legacy comic. I mean, it started in 1952. The people who've been reading this comic aren't necessarily used to this. And I'm wondering how people - or how are your fans, how are the readers of the comic are taking it?","I - we'll use the word fans.","This is a legacy strip. And I'm not trying to go, OK, now I'm just going to make it so now, and it's going to be thing. But on the other hand, you never want any strip or anything to be caught in amber, and you do want it to always be moving and feel like it's alive. So - now, granted, we do have the fantastic elements. Assassins appear regularly in this strip. . .","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A implies that he wants to show the consequences of breaking the law, even for the main character, despite doing it for the right reasons.","questions":"Which character's actions does PersonA want to show the consequences of?","answer":"Main"}
{"text":["Still, you'll remember that more than two dozen Russians have already been indicted this year for conspiring to interfere in the 2016 elections. And the message this week is that they are at it again, or maybe they never stopped.","We should remind ourselves - this is so serious. This has to do with the ability of citizens to cast vote, which is the lowest and most important lever of democracy. What's the reaction been like so far in the Capitol?","You know, President Trump has kind of brushed off these new charges. He says there's nothing here to do with his campaign. And he says if there are hackers out there, they probably liked his opponent in 2016, Hillary Clinton, better than him. He was also critical, yesterday, of former President Obama, Trump said, for not doing more in 2016 to deter these attacks back then. Of course, the Obama administration tried to issue a warning, but they say that idea was shot down by Republican Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell at the time.","As for other reactions from the Capitol, Senator Mark Warner, Democrat - the senior Democrat on the Senate Intelligence Committee - says it's time for Congress to get involved here. He says that social media companies need to commit to work with lawmakers to update laws and better protect against this kind of foreign election interference."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Russians have interfered in the elections and are doing it again.","questions":"What is the subject of the interference in the 2016 elections?","answer":"Interference"}
{"text":["All right. A lot to discuss, I think. What do you make of the president's reaction to this book, from the press conference to Twitter to a cease-and-desist order to the book's publisher?","Well, I'll say it's classic Trump in that it is probably self-destructive - certainly not in the president and the White House's best interest to do so - but also entirely predictable. This is a man who has sort of built his entire public career around being involved in media spats like this. I think it was a - it was certainly a mistake initially for the president to issue a statement, as he did on Wednesday when these excerpts first started coming out.","Now the White House is trying to say - basically, since that very moment - saying that the book is tabloid trash, that there are a lot of problems. And I agree. There are a lot of problems with the credibility of the book. But that initial reaction and the engagement with the book has, I think, made this story even bigger than it already would have been.","And the book a best-seller. I mean, you know. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president's reaction is self-destructive, but predictable due to his past involvement in media spats.","questions":"How would you describe the president's reaction to the book?","answer":"Self-destructive"}
{"text":["That \"Breakfast Machine\" video has been viewed over a million times since she posted it four months ago. Simone Giertz says she doesn't have an engineering background. She just has a lot of ideas for funny machines, so she taught herself how to build them.","So I get a lot of questions, if I build the projects that I do and I actually intend them to do a good job or if I intentionally make them bad. And I must admit that they are somewhat intentionally bad. I mean, I - but they're really good at being bad, I would say. So, I mean, that's some sort of success maybe.","Success is right. Another video posted at the same time as \"The Breakfast Machine\" has also racked up over a million views. It's of a robot she calls tThe Wake-Up Machine.","It's an alarm clock with a rubber arm attached to it. So whenever the alarm goes off. . .",". . . The rubber arm starts slapping the person sleeping in the face. To me, the goal of building useless and ridiculous robots is more - I mean, in some way it's, like, a personal goal because I think it's really fun. And I think, like, having fun is super important to create things. But I think overall, like, I think it's a really good way of inspiring people to learn about hardware and about electronics because it can kind of reach people who wouldn't normally be interested in a robotics project."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The implied meaning is that Simone Giertz uses her robots to inspire people to learn about hardware and electronics, even if they wouldn't normally be interested in robotics projects.","questions":"What is Simone Giertz's goal in building useless and ridiculous robots?","answer":"Hardware"}
{"text":["So there's always been this open question about why Deutsche Bank lent to Trump when other banks wouldn't. And for investigators, the question is, you know, all the more pressing because Deutsche Bank has really a record of malfeasance and irregularities.","Tell us more about that history, some of the allegations. We mentioned money laundering earlier.","Right. Well, yeah, money laundering - the bank paid fines totaling $630 million in 2017. Regulators said some of its clients moved a huge amount of money, like $10 billion, out of Russia into offshore accounts illegally. And Deutsche Bank basically allowed it to happen. The - and the allegations about money laundering continue. Just recently, in November, the bank's headquarters in Frankfurt were raided by investigators. They were looking at how Deutsche Bank helped set up illegal accounts as part of this big, money laundering - global money laundering scheme.","So add to that Deutsche Bank paid $7. 2 billion for helping set up toxic mortgages before the financial crisis. It paid a big fine for violating U. S.  sanctions against Iran and Syria. So really, the bank has a long record of scandal, to say the least."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"history\" and \"allegations\" - While these words may have a straightforward meaning on their own, in this context, they imply that there is a pattern of wrongdoing that has been documented.","questions":"What specific issue are investigators concerned about in relation to Deutsche Bank's lending to Trump?","answer":"lending"}
{"text":["Right. Exactly. As you said, at the end of a marathon, basically everybody's carrying something often for a runner who's coming in over the line. So what now seems suspicious might seem less so. Although when you look at the faces of the two suspects on the video, they didn't seem - they seemed like they did stand out a bit. I'm not saying that I would've noticed it, trained observer that I am. But. . .","Mm-hmm. That's right.",". . . as we all think that we are. But again, in hindsight, 20\/20, as they always say.","And 20\/20 hindsight, again, the questions have to be asked. Is it fair to ask the Boston Police Department, did you drop the ball considering the sacrifices everybody made in the week that followed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Although the speaker is trained, they may not have noticed the suspicious behavior of the suspects.","questions":"Which suspect did the speaker fail to notice suspicious behavior from?","answer":"speaker"}
{"text":["And in most car journeys, he'd be playing me music and reciting poetry. So it was really extraordinary being a daughter of such a man.","Rebecca, I mentioned earlier how I grew up in a very religious family. I don't go to church that much anymore. Actually, I don't go at all. So I'm wondering, for you, where is your faith now?Do you still have it?","No one's asked me that question (laughter). I would say that one of the things I expected from this book was that it would lay some ghosts for me, and I think it has. I still cannot open the Bible without hearing the sound of those men using scriptures almost like rapiers with each other. They knew the Bible inside out, so they would use one scripture to trump another. And it was all men locking horns, you know. So it's hard for me not to see the Bible full of words that have been used for warfare, if you like.","And yeah, I've been surprised at the effect on me of writing the book and also of the many, many people who have written to me, ex-Brethren - I would say 70 or 80 by now - beautiful letters from elderly people writing to me to say, the Brethren was a terrible thing. We all lived through it - and telling me their stories but saying, I came to find a kinder God and kinder Christians outside. And I've been really moved by how much people have wanted me to know about their kinder God."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implication of the statement is that Rebecca has been touched by the stories of how many of the ex-Brethren were able to find a kinder God and kinder Christians outside of the Brethren.","questions":"Which group of people sent Rebecca beautiful letters?","answer":"Ex-Brethren"}
{"text":["Yeah. I always - I was - firstly, I want to say that she was always super generous and warm and very, very affectionate with me. So there was no problem of that kind. But there was - you know, there were certain attitudes. And I think with her, like, there was a kind of desire to shock.","Do you think that's because at least the elder royals are very insular?They're very protected from the rest of society and its headwinds and changes.","Yeah. I think that is true. I think that it wasn't just - I mean, it was colored people, homosexuals, Jews. People would have these very polite manners. And then they would say these rather awful things. You know, it's like, I'm terribly sorry. I don't like Jews very much. You know, you just can't talk like that. So there was certainly a kind of - it was very, very archaic.","Your piece has gotten quite a bit of reaction in the British tabloids. And some of it has not been positive. What's your reaction to the reaction?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"super generous and warm\" implies very generous and warm. \"a kind of desire to shock\" implies a kind of desire to surprise.","questions":"Which word describes the attitude of certain people towards Jews, homosexuals, and colored people?","answer":"archaic"}
{"text":["So most of the players in the money sports, in football and basketball at the Power Five schools, are black. So 56 percent of the basketball players - men's basketball players - are black. Fifty-five percent of the football players are black. But 2. 4 percent of the students at these schools are black men. And so this is -","Only?","Only 2. 4 percent. I know. That was shocking to us, too. But there's this weird paradox that happens, right?So you have black men on these campuses who are basically invisible in the classrooms. But at any given time and during any given academic year, the most high-profile undergraduate at one of these universities is likely to be a black basketball phenom or a black football star.","What did you find out about if these stars are actually getting the education that they've been promised?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The proportion of black male students at Power Five schools is much lower than the proportion of black male athletes.","questions":"What is the percentage of black male students at Power Five schools?","answer":"2.4"}
{"text":["And eventually the crowd around him - the crowd of press, kind of got a little bigger. And he sort of looked around and said, maybe this is not something I should be laughing about because, you know, we are in a different age.","Mark, I've got to tell you - this is why I watch the Super Bowl, but I can't watch football during the regular season. It is hard for me to look at those talented athletes and think half of them, if not more, are going to wind up being permanently damaged by what I'm watching them do on the field.","I will tell you, Scott, that the National Football League is very worried about the likes of you and people like you, of which there are many, who are taking a more closer moral look at what they're watching. I mean, football, for many years, has been the great spectacle of American life. Every year, it's, like, 70 or 75 of the most watched television shows in America are almost always football games. We love football.","Having said that, there are a lot more people, and it happens every year. And you have research that comes out every week, it seems, and testimonials from retired players and researched brains from dead players that tell us a little bit more. And as we get smarter, I think the league, you know, has to try to keep up with some kind of rule changes and equipment changes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Watching football is difficult because of the risk of players being permanently damaged.","questions":"What is the reason behind why PersonB can't watch football during the regular season?","answer":"Risk"}
{"text":["Wow, is this the same thing that happened a couple of years ago, or am I just imagining this?","Now, we've had actually more stratospheric warming events in the past decade than we generally have in the past. This is somewhat of a new science, we've only been able to study the stratosphere since the '50s. So we don't really have any statistically significant time periods to be looking at. But we are seeing that these are occurring now almost every year. We're seeing them about every two years in the past. Now we're seeing them almost every year for the past decade.","And so this is becoming a more common event. So I'm not exactly sure what timeline you were looking at, but we did have a stratospheric warming event in 2011.","Yeah, is there some event that actually triggers this to happen?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : No, this is not the same thing that happened a couple of years ago. It might be similar, but it is not the same.","questions":"What is PersonB asking about in turn 3?","answer":"Show"}
{"text":["I'm not sure. I think, certainly, if the other leading candidate in the Democratic primary, Hillary Clinton, had won, she would also be generating a lot of interest. I think it's, at the end of a two-term presidency, you always get an upsurge anyway. But I think you're right. There's no doubt about it. These are historic elections. And for the same reasons that the American public have gotten so engaged in them, probably some of the same reasons are affecting foreign publics.","You know, there have been a lot of memorable phrases that have come out during this election. Maverick is one word that we've heard a lot, and what about lipstick on a pig?How do you explain that phrase, which seems particularly American, or lipstick on a pitbull?","What is fascinating is that, both those terms that you brought up, I know of cases where people here that work with me with journalists on a day to day basis have been asked to help. One was working with German press and the term Maverick and how could they, you know, where does that come from and so on. And we actually have a researcher that works here and can go back and find, you know, the roots of these different phrases. Even - I speak Spanish pretty well, and even lipstick on a pig, I wouldn't even try.","So, I don't know how they go about trying to kind of - I think they go through a longer two-paragraph explanation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The phrases 'Maverick' and 'lipstick on a pig' are peculiar American expressions that non-Americans may not understand.","questions":"Which expressions may non-Americans not understand?","answer":"Maverick,Lipstick"}
{"text":["It's a pleasure to be with you. And thank you very much for having me.","So this issue has been kind of dancing around the edges of political discourse for years now. I mean, Jesse Jackson made it part of his platform when he ran for president in 1988. And as we mentioned, your former colleague, Representative Conyers, reintroduced the bill in every congressional session for 25 years. But now it seems to be gaining some traction again. Why do you think that is?","I frankly believe that there's something to elections - And this is a Democratic House with Democratic leadership - and also the times. And it is tragic, but it is real that we've seen an uptick in racial incidences - white supremacy, white nationalism. And so the question of slavery, frankly, has never been addressed, particularly from the institutional governmental perspective. And I've updated the language of the resolution, HR40, and that is that it is a commission to study and to engage in proposals, recommendations on the question of reparation.","And it really goes to, I think, more people understanding that 40 acres and a mule was a legitimate concept right after the Emancipation Proclamation, and that never happened. But yet cotton was king. It was an economic engine of the entire United States. And so the prominence of the United States today in the 21st century is grounded on the free brutal labor that Africans gave and their descendants."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Expressing gratitude for the invitation and glad to be here.","questions":"Which word did PersonA use to describe the proposal in HR40?","answer":"Commission"}
{"text":["Thanks again for tackling a subject that is often times neglected for discussion. But all too often it's the source of so much pain and misery in our community. When a family member suffers from an addiction, the entire family suffers. Emotionally, socially, and financially. Shows like yours help to bring the stigma of addiction out of the shadows.","As part of that series, we talked to a mother who said that she believed her son committed suicide because of the game EverQuest. While I tried to challenge our guest on that direct link, we decided to ask the game's maker for a response. Here's some of the statement from Sony Online Entertainment. EverQuest is a phenomenally popular game because it provides players with a fun, social, and interactive online experience. EverQuest is a game. The majority of the hundreds of thousands of subscribers play the game in moderation. As with any form of entertainment, it is the responsibility of each individual player to monitor his or her own playing habits, and prioritize his or her time as necessary.","And finally, Aljore Stallings(ph) in Glen Burnie, Maryland, wrote in about the interview we did with Cullen Jones. If you'll remember, he's the second African-American swimmer to win a gold at the Olympics.","She wrote, I am giving you praise and kudos for your interview of Cullen Jones. I am so glad to hear of a black person achieve success in a sport that isn't traditionally the norm for black folks. I do hope it encourages more young black people to look into learning to swim. It has encouraged me a whole lot."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The game's maker denies responsibility for any harm caused by their game.","questions":"How does the game maker view their responsibility for harm caused by their game?","answer":"Denies"}
{"text":["One of the roles that he may well play is kind of smoothing out the relations between President-elect Obama and his secretary of state to be, Hillary Clinton. The two were once rivals. Can you give an example of how he might go about in mediating, making sure that everything runs smoothly?","Well, I don't think you're going to have to ask that. Senator Hillary Clinton is a real pro. She's a great American. And she will know and understand her role. I just have no qualms about their needing any mediation whatsoever, and I don't think Jim Jones or anyone else will have to do it.","Can you give an example, politics aside, business aside, maybe of a time that you two shared together that just gave you a sense of what he was like?","We made a trip, as I recall, to the Balkans a good number of years ago when he was a one star general, and just sitting with and listening to him tell about the intricacies of situations there. He has a good handle on the problems that that faces."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite their past rivalry, Jim Jones may be needed to help smooth relations between Obama and Clinton","questions":"Which former general went on a trip to the Balkans with \"A\"?","answer":"Jim"}
{"text":["And prosecutors then stepped up and said, we're going to have a no drop policy. In other words, we're going to assume, as often is the case, that the woman is going to ask, hey, don't prosecute him. Let him go. And he says, no, the State of Ohio or the State of Arizona or wherever you are says, this is our charge. This is a crime, and we're going to follow through.","Then it's up to the judiciary. And everyone used to look to the judiciary. Now, you have to be serious and sentence these guys. That in and of itself was not working, because once he was out, you are sending the man and the mindset back to the same home and the same woman with the same mindset. And so the taking it seriously and simply incarcerating was not resolving the problem.","So, what other ways are there?","Now, we are taking a more holistic approach to the problem. It is an approach that tries to sew up the seams of the system. I had a domestic violence group come to me and say, look, Judge, we aren't getting what we need. We are not getting to the women soon enough. You are not getting the men to domestic violence programs well enough or quickly enough."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : drop policy implies to neglect an already made policy in favor of someone ","questions":"Which policy was the no drop policy implying to neglect?","answer":"Existing"}
{"text":["Well, some people put onion in. Others say no. Some people put a dash of white wine in. Others say you couldn't possibly do that.","Oh, this is a foodie controversy, not a controversy controversy.","Oh, yeah, it's a foodie controversy, and it truly, in this case, it's not that important.","(Laughter) I understand there's a social media campaign going on now in the food world to support relief following the earthquake."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that the conversation has changed from discussing the recipe to talking about the social media campaign for relief following the earthquake.","questions":"How did the conversation shift?","answer":"recipe"}
{"text":["And then, just a few days later, you're back on the set at your television show, \"Ryan's Hope. \"","Yeah, possibly more harrowing than the birth itself in terms of my sense of loss, my sense of disequilibrium, my understanding that the size of what I had done would never leave me. The dimension of the decision was not only epic, but infinite. And whereas my teacher had promised me that the work would lift me up, in this particular case, three days after the birth of that baby, being handed a tiny stunt baby by the studio nurse and told to start a monologue when the light goes off. And the monologue is a promise of fidelity, endurance, love and maternal care.","I guess we should say that your character on this television show also had a baby.","Well, of course. Anybody who watched \"Ryan's Hope\" at that time knew that Mary Ryan was pregnant, and many millions of people did watch me, in fact, carry this child to term. But at any rate - yes, many, many people watched me have that baby and then come in and claim another baby altogether as my own as Mary Ryan."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is implying that her character's story line on the show mirrored her own life experience.","questions":"What was the name of the TV show in which the PersonA's character had a baby?","answer":"Ryan's-Hope"}
{"text":["Blowing on them?","Yeah.","Well, it depends on how cold it is. You know, that's probably the toughest thing is the fingers. I mean, your fingers get to the point they just don't want to work. I suppose there's electric gloves and there's motorcycle gear. You can buy whole heated suits and stuff and have a battery pack on you. But as long as you're hustling and you're moving, it doesn't seem to affect you as much.","So if they make the movie about the heating, ventilation and air conditioner man, who plays the hero?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"who plays the hero?\" - The literal meaning is asking for the identity of the person who plays the lead role in a movie, but the actual meaning in context is a sarcastic response to the previous conversation about staying warm, suggesting that there is no hero in that situation.","questions":"How was turn 3 used in the conversation?","answer":"Context"}
{"text":["And how long ago was this?","This was in the beginning of 2007.","And then, what happened with these new terms of your loan?","Well, I was pretty upset about my son and real focused on that and sort of trusted a friend of a friend. And the new terms, I didn't find out until much later, were very bad. I have a balloon payment after five years. I paid 20,000 to get into the loan. I have to pay 20,000 to get out of the loan, and my payments are 1,625 a month."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Not a payment on a balloon, but a very large payment to make.","questions":"How much is the payment to get out of the loan?","answer":"20,000"}
{"text":["One of the things that struck me is some of the comments by some of the women. They don't necessarily see themselves as beautiful. They did not see in themselves the thing that you saw in them. Did you find that to be common?I'm thinking in particular of the sisters from Switzerland with the red hair who said they'd been made fun of as children because of the color of their hair. And you were drawn to them.","During the project, I did realize that women that I photographed were not confident in their way of being. So whenever I posted their picture on my social media, we got a lot of comments and positive reaction from the people. So the women that I photographed, after that, they realized how beautiful they are. That was extraordinary for them and for me because it gives them confidence.","How did this project change you?","I'm much more confident. I'm much more respectful of what the other women in the world have to go through every day because the life is so difficult in so many parts of the world. And this project was a huge gift in my life. And this is why I'm trying to put it out there in the world for people to understand that the world is extremely beautiful. And we should really appreciate everything that's happening in our life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The women that were photographed did not see themselves as beautiful before the project","questions":"How did the women feel about themselves before the project?","answer":"Unconfident"}
{"text":["Yes, of course. Even other aspects which are today very interesting, for example, pollution or noise reduction, so this was also the interest of Ferdinand Porsche to create an electric car, because there was no admission, there was no noise. Ja.","So why didn't it go into production widespread?","It went into production a few years later. In the year 1900, he further developed the idea of an electrical car with a hybrid system. So in addition to the electrical power supply, he placed two combustion engines in another car, and a few cars were sold as the first hybrid cars in the world in the year 1902.","So why did the combustion engine become predominant in the industry, do you think?","The problem was the weight of the cars. This battery pack weighs around 500 kilograms, so this was almost half the weight of the whole car. And the combustion engines, they were much smaller then. So I think it turned from the electrical engines into the combustion engines. And then they made their way to the successful, still successful, power supplies for the cars of the future."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning of this statement is that it is asking why the combustion engine became the predominant power supply for cars instead of the electric engine.","questions":"How did the combustion engine become the predominant power supply for cars instead of the electric engine?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["Yeah, I believe there's a certainty of it. I started out my career as a journalist covering races in Mississippi, and every year people would try to give black people bad information, and we at the local black newspaper would find ourselves, you know, working with the NAACP, trying to get out good information. They would go through black neighborhoods and pass out flyers saying don't forget to vote on Wednesday, for instance. I'm sure that tactic, which is one of the tried and true, will be tried again somewhere in this country.","Well, Benjamin Jealous, thank you so much.","Thank you. It's a real pleasure.","Benjamin Jealous is the president of the NAACP."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People may try to give misleading information to black people during an election.","questions":"How did the local black newspaper work with the NAACP during elections in Mississippi?","answer":"Working"}
{"text":["President George W.  Bush's book of portraits of more than 60 soldiers, sailors, airmen and Marines who served in wars under his watch was published this week - \"Portraits Of Courage: A Commander In Chief's Tribute to America's Warriors. \"President Bush has done a number of interviews in recent days talking about how he took up painting after leaving office and how he came to paint portraits of men and women that he sent in to war. We're joined by one of the president's subjects now. They call each other friends. Michael Rodriguez was a U. S.  Army Special Forces Green Beret who served from 1992 to 2013 in Latin America, Somalia, Haiti, two tours in Afghanistan, nine deployments in 21 years. Michael Rodriguez joins us now from his home near Fort Bragg, N. C. Thanks so much for being with us.","Oh, thank you for having me.","What do you think of your portrait?","Oh, wow. I'm, you know, I'm blown away that my former commander in chief would actually take the time to paint those that served under him. And I'm humbled that he selected me as one of them. I think it's a pretty good representation of me. I couldn't - I'm still kind of processing the whole thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  This is a polite way of asking what the person thinks of their own portrait.","questions":"What is Michael Rodriguez's reaction to being chosen as one of the subjects of President Bush's book?","answer":"Humbled"}
{"text":["Yeah, because, particularly when you're talking about tipped industries, where if somebody has a bad experience and they leave you zero dollars, that's your rent money. You get paid $2. 13 an hour. And particularly on alcohol-fueled public holiday, it gets even a little sketchier because you never know who's going to have, like, a fight with their friends, and nobody remembers the tip. And it's not that you did anything. It's just that drunk people are less frequently reliable as far as social norms.","You wrote a very successful book a couple of years ago, and now you're a professional writer. What are the holidays like for you now?","Oh, man, I do nothing. It's fantastic. I don't think I'm ever going to have the inclination to do a lot of work around the holidays because, to me, luxury is not doing a whole lot of anything. And it's - it's good to see the kids. That's a huge difference. I never saw the kids near the holidays. My youngest is 3. You know, seeing a 3-year-old on Christmas is pretty amazing - and not having to stress about the bills. The holidays were often the worst times of the year because you have so much extra social expectation and spending that needs to be done. You can be cheery and merry if you're not calculating in the back of your head the nickels.","So tonight, when - when people are out to have a good time, they should remember the servers that they deal with this. This is a living for them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implies that the speaker used to have a difficult time during the holidays, as they had to worry about bills and expenses that come with the season.","questions":"What did the speaker have to worry about during the holidays?","answer":"Bills"}
{"text":["We argued that six months was way, way too short. You're talking about trying to go into archives, documents, find materials. Unfortunately, this was what was included in the legislation. And we've urged the Polish government to open that deadline - indeed, to open the program to people who never filed claims or for whom no claim - buildings for which no claims were filed.","But the Polish government didn't agree.","Unfortunately not. We're hoping that the Polish government will look again at this issue and make this process easier not only in terms of the deadline but also what documentation is required. Make sure that archives are open and material is accessible because if you have a right and legislation but not the means to enforce it - and particularly for many of the Holocaust survivors and their families, virtually all of whom live outside of Poland, it's very difficult. They don't speak the language. They don't live in the country. To address even the administrative issues is extremely difficult.","And what makes this important, so many years after the terrible events we're talking about - after the crimes we're talking about?","We're facing a situation where, in the next few years, we will be living in a world where there won't be Holocaust survivors. It's a population, obviously, that's very elderly, very sick and passing away very rapidly. So we think it's a matter of justice and morality to address and to conclude this issue before that last of that generation disappears."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : We argued that six months was way, way too short. You're talking about trying to go into archives, documents, find materials. Unfortunately, this was what was included in the legislation. And we've urged the Polish government to open that deadline - indeed, to open the program to people who never filed claims or for whom no claim - buildings for which no claims were filed.  The implied meaning of A's statement is that they believe the six-month deadline mentioned in the legislation is too short to effectively search through archives and gather necessary materials. They are advocating for the Polish government to extend the deadline and allow individuals who haven't filed claims or whose claims were never filed to participate in the program.","questions":"What is PersonA urging the Polish government to do?","answer":"Extend"}
{"text":["We wanted to show that it's much more than just the bad guys and the good guys. I remember that I went to the writer's room. And when we were sitting there, I said, I really want to be able and love and want to play every and each role in this show. Most of the terrorists that I saw on TV shows and movies are just the bad guys. Nothing - they didn't have kids. They didn't have families. They didn't have love. They didn't have anything.","And we wanted to show that. We wanted to show that the Israelis - they are not just the soldiers, the brutal bad soldiers. And this is why people feel compassion for both sides. But I can tell you that the terrorists in our show, when they go out in the streets of Israel - even in settlements - it doesn't matter where - people just want to take a selfie with him.","(Laughter).","They became sex symbols for Jewish and Arabs. It doesn't matter. It's like - it's crazy (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The fact that people want to take selfies with terrorists is surprising and absurd.","questions":"What is the reaction of people towards terrorists in the show?","answer":"Towards"}
{"text":["With All Tech Considered.","The head of Instagram, Adam Mosseri, knows what it's like to be bullied. He also knows that today kids are likely to be bullied on Instagram. That's why he says he wants to lead the industry in the fight against online bullying.","I had, like, Coke bottle, Corbusier glasses at 5 years old that made my eyes as big as - I don't know - lemons.","I can picture that.","I had a haircut that made me look like Harry Potter long before Harry Potter existed or was cool. It was not a good look. I was made fun of a lot. But yeah, I probably would have been made fun of on Instagram."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The speaker is implying that he would have been the victim of bullying if Instagram was around when he was young, so in essence he is implying that he supports the actions that Adam Mosseri is making.","questions":"Which industry does Adam Mosseri want to lead the fight against online bullying in?","answer":"Instagram"}
{"text":["That's where he sees himself as a character through a hole in his room.","I imagined a hole in a wall at the Good Inn where Soldier Boy perceives light and sound coming through this tiny pinhole. Imagine a camera obscura. And as he begins to investigate, he sees not only his own doppelganger, but other people that he recognizes in essentially the same place that he is - an inn, a bedroom, a man, a woman.","The only difference is that there are other people there, people at a tripod, for example, and a camera. And so he is actually seeing the first porn film ever being made, but it's in a parallel universe, if you will. He's attracted to the situation or intrigued by it enough because he's seeing himself and through a little whole in the wall. It doesn't make sense.","Yeah."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3).  In this turn, the speaker is describing a surreal and improbable scenario where the character is watching the first porn film ever made through a hole in his room. The implied meaning is that the scenario is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as a metaphor or symbol for the character's desires or curiosities. The use of the parallel universe concept emphasizes the idea that this scenario is not real or tangible, but rather a projection of the character's subconscious.(3).  In this turn, the speaker is describing a surreal and improbable scenario where the character is watching the first porn film ever made through a hole in his room. The implied meaning is that the scenario is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as a metaphor or symbol for the character's desires or curiosities. The use of the parallel universe concept emphasizes the idea that this scenario is not real or tangible, but rather a projection of the character's subconscious.","questions":"What is the scenario being described in turn 2?","answer":"Improbable"}
{"text":["Waiting for the winds to drop down below 50 - sustained winds drop below 50. And at that time we send out all of our first respondents of police, fire, EMS, and our utility companies. Everybody goes out and does damage assessment report in their areas. Report it back to us. We make a priority listing, so we can get power back on if we lost any power. Get the resources back and so we can just bring our people back.","But the winds are above 50 miles an hour, now. So, you don't have anybody out right now?Every body's just hunkered down.","Ninety nine percent of our people are hunkered down. We have a few of our - like the sheriff, he is out, and a few other higher ranking agency people are out, but most - 99 percent of our people are hunkered down in shelters.","So, how long do you really expect that that's going to last?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : No one is currently out due to the strong winds","questions":"What is the main reason for most of the people to be hunkered down in shelters?","answer":"Shelters"}
{"text":["I hate to see it fade out.","Yeah, me too.","There's another story that really sounds like it has to be made up, about the driver who brought a hotshot guitarist from Macon, Georgia to Stax for a session.","Yeah. The driver kept bugging the musicians in the studio to give him a chance. And someone had promised him, OK, buddy, you know, chill out for a second. You'll get your chance. When nothing happened with the big talent, people had already started packing up their cars when they remembered, oh yeah, we got to let this guy try."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) A is implying that they also share a shared sadness about the same thing. ","questions":"Which feeling do PersonA and PersonB share?","answer":"Sadness"}
{"text":["And tell us a bit about the ocean bed.","It's a bit rockier than the Rockies. It's that sort of terrain. The location they're looking at is at the foot of a huge mountain. That mountain rises about three and a half kilometers. That's about two miles up from the sea floor. So it's on a really quite steep terrain. We don't know whether the seabed there is muddy, silty - in which case things can sink into the seabed - or whether it's rocky. We've got better maps of the moon's surface for this area than we do of the seabed itself. So, you know, if someone said to you, this is on the moon, we could tell you what the terrain was like. We don't really know what it's like here. We don't have detailed maps.","I have a lot of respect for the Royal Australian Navy, but has anybody ever been able to pick up something this deep in the ocean before?","The technology is there, but it's rare. And there isn't - there aren't that many vehicles that can operate at these sorts of depths."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the speaker is not simply talking about the rarity of technology or vehicles that can operate at great depths in the ocean. The implied meaning is that it would be difficult for anyone to locate something as deep as the object they are discussing. This is because the technology is rare and not readily available.In turn (4), the speaker is not simply talking about the rarity of technology or vehicles that can operate at great depths in the ocean. The implied meaning is that it would be difficult for anyone to locate something as deep as the object they are discussing. This is because the technology is rare and not readily available.","questions":"Which meaning is implied in turn 3?","answer":"Difficulty"}
{"text":["Again, I don't sign off on absolutely everything Nancy Pelosi, Donald Trump, Mitch McConnell, Chuck Schumer or Kevin McCarthy may tweet or declare. I don't. I'm not the endorser of anyone. And I have pushed back on statements that I do believe do exacerbate the very climate and culture that I just referenced. Indeed. But to put the onus exclusively on the president when on the other side of the aisle there are calls of uber-racism and absolutely. . .","When has Nancy Pelosi ever told anybody to go back where they came from?","No, Nancy Pelosi hasn't told anyone to come back where they came from. But there have been policies and exacerbated hyperbole in rhetoric as it pertains to statements made on both sides - Democrats and Republicans - that have led to this sort of climate. So to put the onus exclusively on the president would not be fair. Are there things the president has stated or tweeted that I have disagreed with?Absolutely. But the same thing on the other side of the aisle.","What do you see as your role in the days ahead?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker does not endorse everything politicians tweet but criticizes some statements as exacerbating culture and climate (score: 4)","questions":"How does the speaker feel about statements made by politicians?","answer":"Criticism"}
{"text":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The people in the bar were either ignorant or supportive of the war criminal Radovan Karadzic, which is concerning.","questions":"Which war criminal was supported by the people in the bar?","answer":"Karodzic"}
{"text":["So that, and unfortunately too many people in the community, too many of my friends who are worried about global warming, have already taken a position on fracking. The fact is that natural gas can be made clean. It's not hard. It's much easier to do clean fracking than it is, for example, to make cheap solar.","So I'm hoping that the environmentalists who have started to oppose fracking, I think prematurely, can be won over and recognize that this has to be part of a worldwide energy policy. Natural gas also helps the Chinese because their citizens are being choked by the soot and other emissions of their coal plants.","So expediting a shift, this should be U. S.  policy, that we will help the Chinese make the shift from coal to natural gas. China, India, the developing world, this is absolutely essential.","And what about a shift to renewables?","Well, that's wonderful, and that will ultimately take the place of natural gas, but take China for example. Last year, they installed what everybody says was a gigawatt of solar. In fact, it wasn't a gigawatt because that's the peak power. Average in night, and it's half a gigawatt. Average mornings and late afternoons, it's a quarter of a gigawatt."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Fracking is not as harmful as environmentalists believe.","questions":"What is the position of natural gas according to A?","answer":"position"}
{"text":["Well, they do. But what people don't always realize about the Affordable Care Act is it's not just a discrete program in and of itself. It changed other government programs, too, and that includes Medicare.","What was the biggest change for Medicare?","Well, the one that's gotten the most attention is the change to prescription drug coverage. You may have heard about something called the doughnut hole. That's where Medicare would get you a discount on prescriptions but only up to a point. After that, you had to pay full price for drugs until you shelled out around 1,300 bucks. Then Medicaid would help you out again.","Now, some people never really reached that point because when they had to pay full price, they just started skipping some of their prescription meds. So the Affordable Care Act has been phasing out this gap. It saved people on Medicare more than $23 billion. But this program could go away with the repeal of the law.","That could go away, and we should say, once again, that we don't know yet what any replacement will look like. What have you heard among the ideas being proposed that might affect older Americans?","Well, a few members of Congress, Republicans, have circulated their own proposals for replacing the Affordable Care Act. And one thing that comes up in some of them, including in House Speaker Paul Ryan's plan, is a major change to Medicaid. Now, that's known as the program that provides health care for the poor. But it's also the program that pays for long-term care for a lot of older people. In fact, Medicaid pays the bills for most nursing home residents."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"That's where Medicare would get you a discount on prescriptions but only up to a point. After that, you had to pay full price for drugs until you shelled out around 1,300 bucks.\" The phrase \"shelled out\" is used metaphorically here to mean \"paying money,\" indicating a non-literal meaning.","questions":"How much money did one have to pay after reaching the maximum discount limit for prescriptions under Medicare?","answer":"1,300"}
{"text":["Nuns are also speaking out. We're joined in our studio now by Sister Simone Campbell, who was part of the ministry of the Sisters of Social Service and executive director of NETWORK, a Catholic social justice group. Sister Simone, thanks so much for being with us.","Great to be with you.","I have to ask - how do you feel this week about the church to which you've devoted your life?","Well, I have to say over the last few weeks, it's been really shocking and horrifying, and I have felt myself close to weeping at times. This week, I took a little solace in the letter from Pope Francis to the world saying - acknowledging the extent of the horror that has existed and a commitment to change. And I take heart in these remarks in Ireland as his very first statements that it is included because there was a worry he would not include this in his very first statements. So what this says to me is that the Vatican is beginning to get it in all its departments that this is not just those concerned with clergy, but the whole church needs to be changed. And I think that's what we're beginning to see."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Vatican is beginning to take action to change the church","questions":"How did Sister Simone take heart in Pope Francis' remarks in Ireland?","answer":"Included"}
{"text":["No. He said that he doesn't knock out his defense of assistance. That's kind of a Buddy did.","Bill Rhoden, thank you very much.","Hey, Tony, it's always a pleasure.","That was New York Times sports columnist William C.  Rhoden. Bill's books include \"Third in the Mile: The Trials and Triumphs of the Black Quarterback. \"He joined us, as always, from our studios in New York."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He said he doesn't demean his defense of assistance. That's something another person would do.","questions":"What did \"A\" say about someone else's behavior in regards to their defense of assistance?","answer":"Buddy"}
{"text":["And if you get. . .",". . . That may have been repeated in the media.","If you get 10 lawyers in a room, you're going to have 12 different opinions.","Do you want to see Robert Mueller testify before Congress?","You know, there are some that would like to see him come and testify. I think most people say, look; the report is filed. What more are you going to learn?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : There is no need for Robert Mueller to testify since the report is already filed.","questions":"How many lawyers' opinions are mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"12"}
{"text":["The body of Lucille sits in the body of Thelma. Her life circled there in the lap of her mother, who wore 12 fingers just as she wore 12, just as the baby inside of her as she sat in the body of Thelma wore 12.","Lucille there in the middle, lived her light-filled life, never losing her daughter seat, dying on the very day Miss Thelma died. All the daughters and sons, who long left the movies, all the poets black, who sought their lives only ordinary, recount their long calla lily fingers every day, wring their jewels into jewels hands, circling the unbroken light-filled two-headed body of the woman who keeps keeping us.","\"The Ordinary Body of Lucille\" by Nikky Finney, our guest. I have to ask you, jewels into jewels. That line is in italic.","Hmm. Yes. That's a line from Ms.  Clifton's poem. And it's - I just - I love it so much. It's one of - a thousand favorite phrases of hers."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Lucille lived a happy and positive life.  She was never shunned by her mother.  All of the poets were there dressed in black. They think about their lives every day and look at their hands and the rings on their fingers as they do. These poets were standing around the casket of the dead woman.","questions":"Which poets were recounting their long calla lily fingers every day?","answer":"All"}
{"text":["(Singing) I've got a question When you open your eyes And you see the Sunrise Are you strengthened?","'Cause the tear in your eye Is like a sad song Or a sweet lullaby Like the birds in the sky","Is it alright?Where has the love gone?Hold on. So I left my worries in the sand","Let's talk through some of the songs on your album. You're working with Victor Redwood Sawyerr."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The tear in your eye is not a literal tear, but a metaphor for sadness or emotions","questions":"How is the tear in your eye described in the dialogue?","answer":"sad"}
{"text":["Those same streaks are in Europe. We're seeing people who are rebelling against the European Union, the open market, the open borders, who are rebelling against migration and refugees and who have lost out or feel that they have lost out on globalization and trade and are now opposing trade. So the same phenomenon we see here in the United States you also see in Europe. And in that sense, we are having a crisis that really affects Western liberal democracies writ large.","I wonder what you'd say, Mr. Ambassador, to a citizen of Belgium or France who might say now a united Europe is just too bureaucratic and too centralized to protect its population.","Well, I think that is a sentiment you are hearing increasingly in places like Belgium and France that - the problem is that the threat is not just from without but it is also from within. Belgian citizens, people born in Belgium, blew up the metro station and airport, where French citizens born in France who blew up the concert hall and stadium in - last November.","That threat needs to be dealt with not only by the countries themselves but can more effectively be dealt with by the Europeans coming together, sharing intelligence, which is not what they're doing right now, protecting their external borders much better than they have been able to do, rather than each individually trying to deal with this challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"And in that sense, we are having a crisis that really affects Western liberal democracies writ large.\"  The actual meaning implied here is that the crisis being discussed is not limited to a specific country or region but has a broader impact on Western liberal democracies as a whole. It suggests that the crisis is significant and far-reaching.","questions":"What is the scope of the crisis being discussed?","answer":"Western"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","But - so in any event, do you really want to put yourself on the side of people that cut even 3 percent from the Meals on Wheels budget?","Well, from a political standpoint, you're right. But this is the problem for whatever the not-left-of-center crew is, now that it's gotten so diverse in the era of Trump is - who's going to talk about how it works?Back to repealing Obamacare, there is a method going forward that works. It involves using tax credits to let people shop. And their choices drive down prices and create more products that they want to buy. But no one's talk about that because you're trapped in this Trump gravitational conversational field.","Well, we'll have you back. We have to cut the conversation short. Michael Graham is podcast editor for The Weekly Standard."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is expressing amusement at the topic being discussed.","questions":"What emotion is the speaker conveying in turn 0?","answer":"Amusement"}
{"text":["What about the new government in Kiev. They issued a statement which is, as you described - at least through the translation - sounds like fighting words. What's their reaction been?","Well, there's not been more reaction than that except to say that earlier today, the Ukrainian president, the acting Ukrainian president accused Russia of trying to provoke a military conflict. This was before the vote in the Russian Parliament. And he referred to Russia's action in the past in other former Soviet regions with large Russian populations and said that Moscow's approach in Crimea is very similar to what Russia did before invading in other former Soviets areas.","So, a great sense of concern, a great sense of uncertainty of what will come next. It's not clear whether this is a still a political game or this is military brinksmanship.","And we're told, for example, that the U. N.  had I guess special representative Robert Sery was in Russia. He was supposed to head to the Crimea. Anything you've heard about negotiations to talk this thing through?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) The implied meaning is that there is a great sense of uncertainty and concern about what will happen next, and it's not clear whether the situation is still a political game or has escalated to military brinksmanship. The literal meaning is consistent with this implied meaning.","questions":"How would you describe the situation in Ukraine?","answer":"Uncertainty"}
{"text":["And we just kept saying, Emily will come. Emily will come. She's going to come. She's going to come. And all of a sudden, as we get to that opening, this arm just reaches out and grabs my son. And she says, I'm here. I'm here. I'm here. It's Emily. And we all just buckled our knees and fell to the ground and hugged her. And then we just had to get up and move.","Fifty-eight people died in the shooting. Five hundred and forty-six more were wounded. Thousands of people went through a massacre. Melissa Barham and her loved ones escaped without physical wounds.","I just remember driving out of Vegas, headed towards southern California as dawn broke. And I hadn't cried at all. And then I got to our off ramp for our house off the freeway. I stopped there. I just started bawling and crying. And then it was just a couple blocks to our house. And my husband was waiting for us. I left the keys in the car. I left everything in the car. And I just walked up to him and buried my head in his chest and said, I got everybody home and completely fell apart.","And how are you doing?","I'm sad. I'm depressed. I feel like I've aged. Like, I'll look at my reflection in the mirror when I get out of the shower. You know how you catch a glimpse of yourself when you're out and about?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A: I'm sad.I'm depressed.I feel like I've aged.Like, I'll look at my reflection in the mirror when I get out of the shower.You know how you catch a glimpse of yourself when you're out and about?","questions":"How does PersonA describe their appearance?","answer":"Aged"}
{"text":["Media looks very bad on this. It looks credulous for Justice Department sources. Hatfill had filed suit against the government and, you know, sought to get the names of sources from journalists, taking them to court to do so, and to try to prove that the Justice Department had intentionally leaked this, as they sought to, you know, circle in on him and to capture him for these attacks.","Now, this year, there was a settlement, a legal settlement, for Steven Hatfill from the government.","That's right. Just a few months ago, the government essentially paid out a package - depending on how you value it - but about 5. 85 million dollars to compensate him for lost revenue over the course of his career. He lost a job at Louisiana State University, as a result of this, that he had been offered. Interestingly, the government did not exonerate him directly. Although the entire settlement tended to do that, but it not explicitly exonerate him, and nor did it apologize to him for this. CHADWICK: I don't imagine that we in the media are going to be apologizing to him either. NPR's David Folkenflik, thank you.","You bet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Interestingly, the government did not exonerate him directly...nor did it apologize to him for this.\" - The actual meaning is that while the settlement may imply exoneration and an apology, the government did not explicitly state that Hatfill was innocent or offer an apology for their actions.","questions":"How did the settlement compensate Steven Hatfill?","answer":"Exonerate"}
{"text":["Power went out, so hopefully it will come back out soon.","So, power is already out.","Yeah.","I understand that Johnny White's is a good gathering spot. But what are you going to do for food and water and all that kind of stuff?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A is stating the obvious about the power being out","questions":"How did PersonA describe the power situation?","answer":"Obvious"}
{"text":["And no nearby bases as there were in Italy. Yet there's also the case of - it's going to be very difficult to get international or at least United Nations backing for an intervention in Syria.","That's right. The chances of getting that past Russia and China, I think, are - that would be a very, very heavy lift. You had - when Bill Clinton went to war in Kosovo, he knew that he couldn't get Russia to approve that through the U. N.  Security Council. And instead what he said was that I'll get the approval of NATO. So it won't just be an American mission. This will be a multilateral venture. So it's not just the United States saying that the United States is acting in the name of humanity. It's a whole lot more governments also saying the same thing. And I think that gives it an added credibility and added legitimacy.","As you mentioned, the Arab League supported the campaign against Gadhafi in Libya. In the present-day case with Syria, the chances of getting something through the Security Council are harder and in part because China and Russia feel as though the U. N.  Security Council approval, which is sort of the standard for international legitimacy, that the U. N.  Security Council resolution that they approved was to stop potential mass killing but not necessarily to overthrow Gadhafi's regime.","That President Obama looked at what a no-fly zone could do and realized it would not do enough. He needed to authorize that aircraft could strike ground targets as well."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Getting past Russia and China to get approval would be a very hard thing to do.","questions":"Which countries make it difficult to get international or at least United Nations backing for an intervention in Syria?","answer":"Russia"}
{"text":["So even among homeowners, we found white people are more likely to get a buyout. So NPR's Robert Benincasa - he's my reporting partner on this project - he got a list of properties that the federal government has bought. There are about 40,00 of them. Robert filed a Freedom of Information Act request. The federal government denied it. NPR sued. Eventually, we won.","So when we got it, Robert took all the ZIP codes associated with the property addresses and linked them to U. S.  census data on demographics. And we found that nationally, sales of flood-damaged homes happened most often in places where the population was more than 85 percent white. Now, for context, the whole country is about 62 percent white.","So that's dramatic. So is the federal government responding to this now that you have seen these numbers and done this investigation?","They are. So we interviewed David Maurstad, who oversees FEMA's buyout program. And he said the program is working if it makes the community less risky, it saves property and if it potentially saves lives. It's not designed to consider demographics. And he points out correctly that they don't actually choose which properties are offered buyouts. That's what local governments do."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning is that the federal government is not responsible for choosing which properties are offered buyouts, as that is the responsibility of local governments.","questions":"Which level of government is responsible for choosing which properties are offered buyouts?","answer":"Local"}
{"text":["Ambassador Araud, that raises a larger question: What's the future of the United Nations if it can't find a common course of action for what is one of the preeminent disasters on the planet?","But, you know, I'm always, frankly, I'm always a bit surprised by this sort of question because actually United Nations itself, you know, it's a group of these united nations. The United Nations may work on when its members decide to work together on a lot of issues. For instance, the (unintelligible) conflict. The members of Security Council are so divided that the U. N.  can't do anything, as you know. So, the United Nations is effective when on some issues, the member states decide that they have a common interest to find a common solution. And there are a lot of issues where we don't succeed to do it. Frankly, on Afghanistan, Iraq, the (unintelligible) conflict, the whole of the U. N.  is very marginal. There are issues in Africa where we are working together. But on a lot of issues we simply can't, and it's not the responsibility of the United Nations; it's the responsibility of the nations, which disagree.","Yeah. Looking forward to your next rotation?","My next rotation, it's in 15 months."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Looking forward to your next rotation?\" - This is an expression of anticipation and excitement for the Ambassador's next assignment.","questions":"What is the reason behind PersonB's excitement in turn 2?","answer":"Next-assignment"}
{"text":["I think my career - had before this was 48, and I thought I had a pretty good game in that game. But it turns out it didn't even come close to this one.","I've read you just came from a weekend tournament where you went 11-41 in two games; from the depths to the heights.","Yeah. Yeah. I had a pretty poor shooting weekend. So coming into this game, my coaches and my teammates really wanted to get me going a little bit offensively to get my confidence up before we head into conference play.","And get your confidence up, you made, I think - what was it?More than 50 shots."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"from the depths to the heights\" is an expression used figuratively to describe a significant improvement or progress, rather than literally referring to a physical location or elevation.","questions":"How did PersonB describe PersonA's improvement?","answer":"significant"}
{"text":["And you know, we still have, you know, we have horse farms. We have a couple of dairy farms left. In fact there's one dairy farm, the Ferris Acres Creamery, which people come from miles around it to have their ice cream. It's - they make it there. And you know, and we have hunters. And we have a couple of game, you know, hunting preserves around town. We still are in touch with that part of our tradition.","And does everybody's kids - do everybody's kids go to that particular elementary school?","No. We have, I believe, four elementary schools that feed into an intermediate school. So we have the Sandy Hook Elementary School. We have Hawley School, Middle Gate School, and the Head O'Meadow School. And my children went to the Head O'Meadow School, where I actually was in the graduating class when it first - when we first built that building in 1977. I still remember, I think, we buried some \"Star Wars\" paraphernalia in the front yard.","A time capsule."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The town has farms and preserves as part of its tradition.","questions":"What are some examples of the town's traditions?","answer":"Farms"}
{"text":["James Foley would have turned 41 today. The journalist who was murdered by the Islamic State was known for his reporting on the conflicts of the Middle East. Jim Foley's life will be celebrated in his hometown of Rochester, New Hampshire today. The memorial service is taking place at Our Lady of the Holy Rosary Parish. Father Marc Montminy, a close friend of the family, is leading the service. He joins us now. Thanks for being with us.","You're very welcome. It's good to be with you.","What do you remember about Jim Foley?","We remember him as a child. Many people around the world remember him more as an adult 'cause when you're young, you see people from one vantage point. As you get older, they develop and grow into their own person. Jim was always a happy guy. He was also, I felt, very pensive at times. He was a thinker. He was the type of guy who could see things that perhaps other people didn't see as clearly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"He was the type of guy who could see things that perhaps other people didn't see as clearly.\" - The literal meaning of this statement is that Jim Foley had the ability to perceive things more clearly than others.","questions":"How was Jim Foley's ability to perceive things?","answer":"Perceptive"}
{"text":["I was - I did an interview on a radio station where one of the leaders of the class war was on there. They've protested outside housing developments. They've protested outside banks before and they get absolutely nowhere with it, but as soon as they threw paint on our shop, they hit the headlines. So I think they got what they wanted.","Why did you open up in this neighborhood?","Shoreditch is a really creative part of London. There's a lot of - new businesses start right around here and a lot of creative businesses as well. So it just seemed like our brand and what we wanted to do fitted in really well here.","And what do you serve?I said $5 bowls of cereal, but expand on that menu if you could."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The implied meaning of this turn is: Was there any particular reason for choosing this neighbourhood for your business?","questions":"What did the leader of the class war do during the interview on the radio station?","answer":"Protested"}
{"text":["I like that.","It requires constant boosts and constant sort of shots against that and priming the mind and the creative muscle. And so I think on that level, people relate to having a resource that gives that sort of steady stream of these things in a very small and subtle way and not as formal as education but does enrich lives and enrich sort of our pool of creative resources.","It is a really steady stream. I mean, I read on Brainpickings that it takes 450 hours, maybe more, to keep it alive.","Yeah, I put that number down so people don't think I don't have a life, but it's probably a lot more than that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Constant boosts and constant sort of shots\" implies that the mind needs a lot of training, the mind isn't actually getting a physical boost or shot.","questions":"What does the mind require?","answer":"boosts"}
{"text":["I guess that's the point. We don't know who it is.","But I will give you a little clue. Watch Murray State, from the highly unheralded Ohio Valley Conference, mainly because of one player. It is a super-guard named Ja Morant. He leads the nation in assists per game. He loves to dunk. He is an absolute whirl on the court. And where he came from is the fun part of this story. So he was way off the radar screen of coaches and scouts. He was a high school kid from a small town in South Carolina. A Murray State assistant goes down to his town to scout some players. So he's in this gym. He gets hungry and asks someone, OK, where's the concession stand?They tell him. He leaves the main gym.","On his way to the concession stand, he hears a basketball bouncing in a side gym. He pokes his head in, and who does he see?Ja Morant playing in a three-on-three game. He is dazzled. He calls the head coach of Murray State and says, this kid's going to be a pro. He's now in the tournament, and he's coming to an NBA city soon.","Wow."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using metaphors or analogies to convey a complex idea or emotion in a more relatable or understandable way.","questions":"How did the speaker use language in their communication?","answer":"Descriptively"}
{"text":["He wanted two basic political reforms. The major one is called open primary electoral system. And essentially, what that means, instead of having Democrats run against Democrats and Republicans against Republicans in primary elections in the state, you would throw all of them into the mix and the top two vote-getters would advance to the general election. And the idea, if you believe proponents, is that it would allow kind of more moderate candidates to survive what are now hardest in the primary election. Instead, that you'll be catering to kind of a more moderate, wider electorate in the primary.","So, finally there is a budget. How has Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger reacted to this?","He hasn't said a whole lot yet, but his - I know that his staff is celebrating. This is a huge win for the governor. The framework is essentially what he's been calling for, for months. He's been urging both political parties to come out of their ideological corners. This has been his calling card for the past year, and if you look at the outline that he unveiled three months ago, this budget blueprint is essentially everything that he asked for. It's a major win for the governor.","And in his latest version of the budget, who were the big winners and losers?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Open primary electoral system would help moderate candidates.","questions":"Which candidates would the open primary electoral system help according to turn 0?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["So alphabetically, Jeb Bush, Ben Carson, Hillary Clinton, Martin O'Malley, Bernie Sanders, who'd you like?","You know, I liked the fact that they all came. The important thing for the Urban League was that each of these five candidates accepted our invitation, came, and I think offered a serious perspective from their own point of view. They came in here. They talked about race. They talked about economics. They talked about the criminal justice system. They talked about cities. These issues don't get discussed on the main stage in many, many political debates and discussions. And so why we wanted them here, so they could talk about equality, talk about opportunity, develop those ideas in a way that will not, and - or, I should say, historically has not happened in this campaign up until this point.","Mr.  Morial, another unarmed black man was killed by an officer in Cincinnati. I wonder if you have some ideas you want to bring to our attention about how to try to repair a shattered relationship between black citizens and police.","It's an American tragedy of untold proportions, particularly as we've seen it play out in the last two years. Our ten-point justice plan recommended that body cameras and dash cameras be mandatory for all law enforcement all the way across the country. But we also believe that more must be done when it comes to police officer hiring, police officer training, and police officer accountability. The community wants to and must trust its police if they're going to be allies is in what we all want, and that is safer communities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Urban League was interested in how the candidates would address issues of race, economics, criminal justice, and cities. ","questions":"How did the Urban League want the candidates to address issues?","answer":"Seriously"}
{"text":["Meaning it has a comparably sized economy.","It means it has a comparably sized economy. It is narrowing the gap - military gap - especially in the Western Pacific, where it is using asymmetric tactics that can offset things like our aircraft carriers. China is also an education leader. It is becoming a technological leader. And it's the world's biggest trading nation.","So China is on the move all over the world. And the U. S. -China relationship is not anymore just Beijing to Washington. It's being measured in Africa, in South America, at both poles, in cyberspace and outer space.","And is it becoming a more adversarial relationship now because of China's growth, because it suddenly is big enough to really challenge the United States?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : CHINA IS GOING TO BE COMPETITION AS FAR AS IT'S ADVANCEMENTS IN THEIR ECONOMY","questions":"How is China becoming a challenge to the United States?","answer":"economy"}
{"text":["And Happy Thanksgiving to you. This would essentially be an enterprise in which people would put money on terrorist acts.","Well, you know, the prediction markets - markets like political prediction markets, where people risk money on the presidential election, things like that - have been remarkably successful in many different areas. So a little more than a decade ago, the Defense Department thought the idea - why don't we try to do a prediction market that would include all sorts of measures of international instability?- where there'll be a coup, what government might be at risk, where the economy might fall. And it included questions about terrorism as something we might try to predict.","As you said, there was a public outcry. People complained about - this would mean people are earning money from terror attacks. That is, if you bet right in the prediction market, obviously, you'd get a payoff. And so it was dropped.","Well, how does putting money on the chance of something occurring, a terrorist act, improve somebody's sense of judgment in predicting it?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The turn that has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning is turn (1).  Although the literal meaning of \"And Happy Thanksgiving to you\" is a friendly holiday greeting, the implied meaning in this context is likely sarcastic or dismissive. This is because B responds to A's explanation of the prediction market with a statement that could be interpreted as not taking the idea seriously or finding it distasteful. The greeting could therefore be seen as a way to change the subject or end the conversation.","questions":"Which turn has an implied meaning in the dialogue?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["The third-longest-serving justice on the U. S.  Supreme Court is issuing a warning. Stephen Breyer was nominated by President Bill Clinton. He took his seat on the court in 1994 and is now part of the court's liberal minority. He wrote an unusual opinion released yesterday. In it, Justice Breyer appeared to send a message to his conservative colleagues on the bench, urging them to respect precedent and only overrule it when the circumstances demand it. His comments came in a dissent, after the Supreme Court ruled that a state cannot be sued in the courts of a different state by a private party unless it gives its permission.","Amy Howe is in studio with us this morning. She's co-founder of the SCOTUSblog. Amy, thanks for coming in.","Thanks for having me.","So can you flesh out the context of this warning?I said it came in a dissent. What more can you tell us about what led Justice Breyer to do this?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone ","questions":"What does the turn \"having me\" suggest about PersonA's presence in the studio?","answer":"Engaging"}
{"text":["(Singing) I've got a question When you open your eyes And you see the Sunrise Are you strengthened?","'Cause the tear in your eye Is like a sad song Or a sweet lullaby Like the birds in the sky","Is it alright?Where has the love gone?Hold on. So I left my worries in the sand","Let's talk through some of the songs on your album. You're working with Victor Redwood Sawyerr."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Asking if the sunrise makes you feel stronger emotionally, not physically.","questions":"How does the sunrise affect you emotionally?","answer":"strengthened"}
{"text":["She does. I'm afraid she is both beautiful and brilliant and clever but also rather naive, and she meets the wrong guy. She isn't. . .","She's naive because she's lonely, Dame Stella.","She's lonely. She is lonely, yes, but she's also - I think she's also naive. I have to say that. I mean, you can be lonely and cautious. But, I mean, she is an example, I think, of somebody who believes in civil liberties, as do I, as do many people. But she also believes, you know, in the need for our intelligence services to have the right powers. And she finds herself, I suppose, torn in the middle of that debate. And, as you say, unfortunately, she falls for the wrong guy whose interests are not hers.","Dame Stella, is MI5 ever worried that you'll just wake up one morning and say, oh, remember when this happened?I think I'll make it a novel."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : has a figurative meaning, as it is implying a joke about the idea of Dame Stella turning her experiences into a novel.","questions":"How does PersonB's question in turn 3 relate to the figurative meaning of the turn?","answer":"joke"}
{"text":["But you paint such a visual picture down the line. I mean, is there one moment, or does this sort of take a long time to bring that image together?","I mean, for this cluster, it actually was a very visual moment. I mean, the cluster was found and it was essentially just a number, like how massive the cluster is, and that was two years ago. But when we got the X-ray data, I mean, I was at my desk and the image downloaded, and I had up on my screen the X-ray image of the cluster. And it looked so different than any other cluster I've looked at. So it was a very visual a-ha moment.","Hmm. I read somewhere that - I think you were quoted as saying that it's sort of - it has - the name Phoenix, and that might relate to - also to how it's risen from the dead or something like that. Can you explain that?","Right. I mean, the reason it's named that is because it's in the constellation of Phoenix, so that's sort of traditionally how these types of systems are named or how they were named back in the day. But the name's appropriate because in the middle of clusters usually you have this really massive galaxy that was essentially the first one to form. So they formed billions of years ago, and now there's star formation around them. But they're pretty much dead, and they're only growing by sort of accumulating smaller galaxies or eating smaller galaxies."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker was deeply struck by the X-ray image of the cluster, which stood out from all other clusters observed and made a lasting impression.","questions":"How was the speaker affected by the X-ray image of the cluster?","answer":"Struck"}
{"text":["So, number one, the Web site made a drastic change and a tremendous shift. It opened up transparency. It put a lot of ways for individuals to feel that they could be more empowered to have better access or a direct access, almost like an open Internet door to the administration. Number two, they looked to hire a chief technology officer for the administration, which has been done. They've actually checked that off of their list and that has never been a position within the White House to that level before.","And then, number three, I would say actually the stimulus package, you know, coming through with $7. 2 billion being placed specifically for broadband access in rural areas. Those are three key things - oh, and the fourth thing would be, actually redoing - re-upgrading rather the systems within the White House. Internet connectivity was extremely - is extremely slow there. Outdated computers, viruses, just issues with just the infrastructure of technology that was there left by the previous administration.","You know, that was going to be my next question because I understood as the new administration staff took their offices in the White House, what they found were computers that were - I suppose outdated and very slow and. . .","Yeah.","Not nearly as technologically advance that you would expect from the White House."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The new administration has made efforts to increase transparency and accessibility through their website.2. The new administration has made technological advancements in the White House infrastructure and staff.","questions":"How did the new administration increase transparency and accessibility?","answer":"Website"}
{"text":["But, you know, people have been, you know, taking this approach for a long time.","I notice that you might be able to - I think the Romans shipped apparent black wax tablets, and then you scrape off the wax, something's in there.","Oh sure, there are lots of different ways you could do this. And in fact, I mean, the story that's floating around, and I'm not sure if it's true or not, I haven't been able to dig deep enough to find out, is that during World War II, the censors would go through, and they would kind of change numerical tables.","So if somebody was sending a letter to someone in the theater and saying, you know, Johnny got good grades, got an A, B, a C or something like that, they might change them around a little bit. Or they might change, you know, put little changes just in case someone was trying to sneak a message in, you know, some table of data."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the speaker is suggesting that the censors would change the grades in the letter to prevent someone from sending a secret message.","questions":"Which tables?","answer":"Numerical"}
{"text":["Hi Farai. Great to be with you.","Always. So we've been following this situation in Zimbabwe and the situation includes a tainted election and economic collapse. Now the U. S.  has imposed new sanctions, accusing President Robert Mugabe of heading an illegitimate government that sponsors violence. Last week, the president - President Bush - signed an executive order that adds new financial restrictions against individuals and organizations linked to Mugabe's government. So South Africa criticized those new sanctions, saying they could actually obstruct these power sharing talks. What do you think?","Well I think the international community has to use everything in its tool kit to kind of acknowledge what has happened in Zimbabwe and to put pressure for change. I mean, what has happened is just unacceptable. You have had not only the flawed elections of March 29th, but again failed electoral process in June and you know, right now there is this critical period of negotiations, political negotiations that need real pressure and real support. So I think it is important that the international community does everything that it can to say that it is time for a change in Zimbabwe.","Clearly South Africa has had a lot at stake. The quiet diplomacy that we talk about with Mbeki. The quiet diplomacy has, well, brought some results, but not the results needed. And I think the African Union, the Southern African Development Community all have said that more is needed to bring really a chance for peace and also for justice in Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The international community should put pressure on Zimbabwe for a change.","questions":"How should the international community respond to the situation in Zimbabwe?","answer":"pressure"}
{"text":["MR. PAGE: OK.","Yesterday, Keith Reid, who is one of our regular economics contributors, said that there could be a new New Deal, meaning the government will create jobs directly. Do you think that's possible?","You know, I tend to - well, it's certainly popular with Democrats, the idea of public works, and it's already worked in Chicago, Obama's adopted home town. Mayor Daley's gotten a long way with that. But I suspect he may be kind of a new frontier kind of president, at least initially, and that's the John F.  Kennedy model, where he raised the morale of the country and rallied people together for joint action to tackle common problems instead of coming out with public works programs.","All right. Clarence, thank you."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : new frontier in this context means that the president is different, or does something differently","questions":"Which model does PersonA refer to when suggesting that the president may be kind of a new frontier?","answer":"Kennedy"}
{"text":["That's right, that's right, and we essentially within the DNA give the instructions for that cell to read out the viral protein.","OK, so you put the cell to work, and then what happens?What's the second stage?","Well, then after a few months, we come back and we boost the immune response, and we can do that in one of two ways. We can actually inject the standard inactivated vaccine, the one that you and I get every year in our flu shot, or we can also do it by using a different type of carrier, a viral vector, an adenovirus, that can do the same thing.","In our human studies, we've actually done it with the standard flu vaccine."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The cell doesn't literally \"read\" the protein, it merely reacts to the stimili.","questions":"Which word is used metaphorically in turn 0?","answer":"Read."}
{"text":["I was shocked by that on a number of levels. You know, the first thing that shocked people about the call, obviously, is the notion of the president withholding military aid and trying to bully the Ukrainians into doing personal favors. This is, obviously, a big deal. But in the middle of all that, what struck me and, as I say, even shocked me was his willingness to disparage our ambassador to Ukraine in a call with a foreign leader, referring to her as the woman and saying she was bad news and then vaguely but, frankly, ominously saying to the president of Ukraine that she was going to go through some things.","Let's give her name. It's Marie Yovanovitch. Tell us about her. What's her reputation in the diplomatic community?","So Marie Yovanovitch - and she goes by Masha. Masha was one of the most respected and longstanding members of our foreign service. She has, I think, been in the foreign service for over 30 years, served all around the world and most recently and in the most senior positions, obviously, as ambassador to Ukraine, until she was removed prematurely in May, but before that, also ambassador to Armenia and ambassador to Kyrgyzstan.","The State Department has said that the ambassador concluded her three-year diplomatic assignment in Kyiv as planned, that there was no kind of retribution or she was not yanked back unceremoniously. Why are there doubts on that in the diplomatic community?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person was surprised greatly by the information and it affected many of their thoughts and emotions. They were not struck but what they saw made them notice it and think about it more.","questions":"Which emotion did the person feel after hearing the information?","answer":"Shocked"}
{"text":["Even bigger than a football field, you know. And we would walk our way across it and everybody who needed to observe this, the staffs, other commanders of supporting elements, fighter squadron commanders, bomber squadron commanders, helicopter commanders, they'd all be gathered around on the sand dunes around watching as we walked our way through it. And we did this repeatedly.","Did anybody in your experience rehearse what would happen after you closed in on Baghdad?","Yes, as a matter of fact, my boss at Camp Pendleton during a war game that we had in June of 2002. And on the first day of the war game - this is really about how does a battle unfold?We were looking at Iraq, of course. And he said - he pulled out the entire planning staff that usually is playing the next day or the next week's fight. And he said, you're going to concentrate on the post-combat phase. He said, I'm not getting enough guidance on it. I want to know what we're going to do when the fighting is done.","Although I get the impression from your book and from having covered the war in Iraq as a journalist that the United States reached a point where there had been no plan, where people had not rehearsed it a thousand times, where on a very high level it was not clear at all what the United States wanted to do in Iraq and how the United States wanted to achieve it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The lack of planning for the post-war phase in Iraq despite previous war games.","questions":"What was the focus of the war game held by PersonA's boss at Camp Pendleton in June of 2002?","answer":"Post-combat"}
{"text":["He had been released the year before - in June of 1914 - from an institution that was known as the Colored Waifs Home. And this was a reformatory - it was part reformatory, part orphanage. And Armstrong was sent there for at least the second time in early 1913 after he had been arrested for shooting a pistol into the air.","And it was at - while at that reformatory that he began to receive his first formal music instruction. He played in the marching band there. They would parade around the city and play at events on the lake and stuff like that. But when he came out, he was, you know, faced with the challenges of being 13 or 14 years old at the time and needing to provide some income for his family. He grew up in dire poverty, of course.","You take a look at this, like, 8 seconds of film, I guess it is, and maybe it's the power of suggestion, but it certainly looks like Louis Armstrong. And you (laughter) - you really do get a sense, even from this 13-year-old youngster, of just overwhelming charisma.","Yeah, that has been sort of the reaction. The overwhelming reaction to my story is - you know, I fully expected people to try to pick it apart because it's kind of a ridiculous thing to propose. But overwhelmingly, people have said, holy smokes, we think this, you know - it looks like him. He smiles the beautiful Louis Armstrong smile that later became famous. Yeah, it's been fascinating to me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People are shocked to realize that he looks like Louis Armstrong.","questions":"Which person's reaction to the story is overwhelmingly positive?","answer":"People"}
{"text":["High bar, yeah. So the federal indictment is supposed to be unsealed today. What are you going to be looking for as someone who's been following this case against R.  Kelly for a long time?","Well, I'll be looking for a couple of things - one, looking to see if there are new alleged victims in here. You know, the case that's in state court, there are four alleged victims in there. Many of them were already known. They had either already come forward or - yeah, have already come forward and told their stories of alleged abuse at the hands of R.  Kelly.","I'll also be looking to see when the alleged crimes happened. You know, all of the alleged crimes in state court happened 10 years ago or more. Those kinds of cases are really hard to prove, you know, when they're that old. I'll be interested to see if any of these happened more recently, if there are any allegations that he's done anything in the last decade.","WBEZ reporter Patrick Smith in Chicago for us this morning. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Recent crimes are easier to prove than crimes from 10 years ago","questions":"How were the alleged crimes in state court?","answer":"old"}
{"text":["It's definitely been a massive industry for Georgia in the last 10 years because about a decade ago is when they instituted these new, very generous, lucrative tax incentives which gives productions up to 30% back depending on how much they spend and whether they're willing to put a Georgia peach logo in their credits and that sort of thing. But it's really significant money back for these major studios in Hollywood.","And what has it gotten back?","There was a record 455 films and television productions that were shot in Georgia in the last fiscal year. And they represented a $2. 7, you know, billion in direct spending, which they estimate brings in $9. 5 billion in total economic impact. So these numbers are really huge. And they have been a huge destination for feature films, and not just any sort of feature films, expensive blockbusters, the biggest of those being Marvel's \"Avengers\" movies, which shot at Pinewood Studios in Atlanta, which is a big production facility.","As we mentioned, studios and media companies have sent some warning signals. How likely, though, is an actual boycott?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Georgia's film industry has had a massive economic impact.","questions":"Which industry has had a massive economic impact in Georgia?","answer":"Film"}
{"text":["So this prosecution brings together a lot of theories that are very sexist that would justify massive control of pregnant women on grounds that they owe a duty to their fetuses to behave in certain ways and that - and ultimately make pregnant people vulnerable to prosecution for just about any kind of conduct that can be deemed risky.","Marshae Jones is African American. What is the relevance of race in your view?","Racism is what caused the notion that using drugs during pregnancy, which is a health problem, could be turned into a crime to prosecute pregnant women and mothers. We can trace that to the so-called crack epidemic at the end of the 1980s, early 1990s. And the first women who were prosecuted were black women who smoked crack cocaine during pregnancy.","And the vast majority of women who were prosecuted among hundreds of women were black women, even though there is evidence that drug use during pregnancy is not more likely to happen in any particular racial group or economic group. And so this was clear targeting of black women, which I believe is part of a long history of devaluing black motherhood in particular and also a result of discriminatory behavior in hospitals, where hospitals were much more likely to turn in black patients for using drugs during pregnancy than white patients."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : very sexist implies being very interesting and attention demanding not in amorous or lustful way","questions":"How does turn 0 describe the theories mentioned by A?","answer":"sexist"}
{"text":[". . . as a humorous guy, for example.","No.","Back in the old days of apartheid.","Although lots of the things the racist rulers said were very funny. I don't think they intended it that way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Although lots of the things the racist rulers said were very funny.I don't think they intended it that way.\"","questions":"Which rulers?","answer":"Funny"}
{"text":["Right. As far as I could tell, it wasn't so much derogatory as he wanted to create a mental picture to the listeners, you know, on radio, to say, OK, it was created in one big bang and so on.","And so what was his big blunder?","So the big blunder was - so he came up with a theory that was - that the universe is in a steady state. Namely the universe is always the same. It always was the same and always will be the same. And - but he also knew that the universe is expanding. So for the universe to stay the same, for example, for the density of matter to not change, he had to create matter in the universe. Because as the universe was getting larger, he had to have new matter there for the density to stay the same.","So this in itself was not a blunder. When he suggested this, it was a beautiful idea because, you know, we say the universe is the same everywhere and in every direction. And he wanted to add to that and that every time. So that, you know, sounded very elegant.","The blunder was that after about 15 years, when evidence started accumulating that this is really not the way the universe behaves but in fact the universe does evolve and change, he stubbornly refused to accept that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The theory he came up with wasn't derogatory.","questions":"What was the nature of the theory that he came up with?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["The proposed bailout of the auto industry, which includes $15 billion in loans and a car czar to oversee the company's business decisions, is being criticized by some people as too much government interference. Malcolm Salter has advised Ford and GM, and he has studied the auto industry for decades. He's a professor emeritus at Harvard Business School. Welcome to the program.","Good to be here.","Well, what do you think of that plan?","I have some very serious questions about oversight, and I think we're moving awfully quickly on this because, obviously, the events are forcing us to do so. But I have some concerns about this so-called car czar. I'm not quite sure I know what it means. I'm not quite sure I know what decision rights the car czar will have.","And if, in fact, the car czar does have decision rights such as reported the Wall Street Journal this morning, which was where they were to review and presumably review all transactions more than $25 million, that seems to me like pretty granular oversight. And the question that I would ask, who has sufficient specific knowledge to make those kind of decisions who really hasn't been involved in the auto industry?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The professor welcomes the opportunity to share his expertise on the proposed bailout plan.","questions":"Which opportunity?","answer":"Opportunity"}
{"text":["Right. And it's because of a change in the law post-9\/11 that made - that gave the State Department the ability to designate specific terrorist groups. And once that group was designated, they fell under the Patriot Act. And we could investigate - the FBI could investigate specifically individuals both in the United States and overseas that were involved in any kind of transactional or transnational terrorism events with more - a greater ability, I guess, to utilize the techniques available to us.","So what can be done?I mean, are there changes that can be made in the law that might help prevent an attack like the one we saw in El Paso?","Well, there are a lot of laws that apply right now to domestic terrorism, but most of them are state laws. They're not federal laws. There is no federal murder statute, for example, unless you are a federal official of some sort and you are murdered or there's an attempted murder on you. So the El Paso case, for example, is probably going to be prosecuted as a local homicide case of 20 counts of homicide, 22, however many victims we have, by the local DA. It's not a federal case. At this point, the FBI is kind of peripherally assisting that investigation. But they're not specifically involved in or going to be involved in the prosecution. Now. . .","Could the law change?I mean, could Congress pass a law that says that an act like this, when you kill this many people, is a federal crime?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Designation of terrorist groups under the Patriot Act helped FBI investigate terrorists more effectively","questions":"How did the Patriot Act affect FBI investigations of terrorists?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["And you do say us. You believe that you've been complicit in some small ways, too.","Of course. I believe that everybody has. I tell a story in the piece about a former colleague of mine who did not harass me but who I saw harass other people. And at a later job, that colleague, I was told, was going to be brought on. And I made this stand. No, I will not work with him. But I was on a leave at the time. And I was told - OK, it'll just be temporary. By the time you get back from your leave, he'll be gone. And he was.","However, when I got back from that leave, there were younger employees who came to me afterwards and told me that he had messaged them inappropriately. So you know, here I was thinking, actually, that I was, you know, doing the right thing by raising my voice in concern. But in fact, in doing it only, in some ways, on my own behalf, I failed to protect the others - younger women - from that kind of behavior.","Some of the allegations against prominent men - and be they Harvey Weinstein or Roy Moore or James Toback or President Trump or Al Franken - are 10, 20, even 30 years old. Should some of the women who defended President Bill Clinton from allegations of sexual misconduct in the '80s and '90s reassess the support they gave him now?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The literal meaning of this turn is that A made a stand against the colleague, but the actual meaning is that A had the power to stand up for others but didn't.","questions":"What did PersonA fail to do despite having the power to do so?","answer":"Stand"}
{"text":["Well, I think they're convening a panel tomorrow to discuss it once more. Declaring a public health emergency of international concern has big implications. So the closing of borders - you know, these are border towns. People - their livelihoods are dependent on being able to cross borders and do business.","Yeah.","Refugees who are fleeing armed conflict in DRC not being able to come into Uganda. So it - there are some serious implications on making that declaration, and I'm sure those will be considered.","How hopeful are you that this outbreak can be contained?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Making the declaration can have serious implications, and the panel will consider it.","questions":"How might the panel respond to the implications mentioned by A?","answer":"Consider"}
{"text":["Well, I've spent my whole life - as a entrepreneur, as a mayor, as a governor - building teams, assembling talent. We've been able to accomplish things again and again that people didn't think we could do. We got to almost universal health care in Colorado. We did the methane regulations I described. We beat the NRA with tough new gun laws. This is all through that collaborative effort of building a team and getting things done. That's very different than the legislative process.","Has Chuck Schumer called you and urged you to run for Senate?","(Laughter) I've talked to Chuck Schumer, who is one of the most persuasive people, and I have more admiration for how he does his job than words can express.","You're running as a centrist, even as much of the Democratic Party is moving to the left. How do you plan to sell your ideas to an increasingly progressive party?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B questions A's ability to appeal to a progressive party","questions":"How would you describe the Democratic Party's current political leanings?","answer":"Progressive"}
{"text":["Oh, yes. On Friday morning, I was involved in a lockout drill at one of my high schools as I was sitting in a counseling office, talking with a student.","And I guess as a parent, I have learned to be grateful that these drills are held. But I wonder if there are some students who aren't panicked by the drills in and of themselves.","It can be a very scary experience. It's a reality now that our students in our schools are preparing for. So when we do a drill, we don't tell our students they are drills because we need them to take everything seriously. And we want to normalize and help them feel calm during those things. And I've also wondered, what is the impact of doing these drills for our students?","Well, you're a gifted counselor. What do you think it might be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"What do you think it might be?\" - The literal meaning of this question is asking for the speaker's opinion. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is acknowledging the other person's expertise and asking for their professional assessment of the situation.","questions":"What question does turn 1 imply?","answer":"assessment"}
{"text":["It's interesting. There was an e-mail sent around by a professor at Berkeley yesterday to a bunch of prominent economists saying that the IMF and World Bank are having their annual meeting starting tomorrow, and it was incumbent on economists to weigh in and give them some suggestions. I just finished reading this list of essays, 15 of them written in one day. And the universal common denominator is that everybody sees the crisis right now as devolving from limited capital in the banking system. It's just remarkable how much economists have at least pin-pointed that as the problem, but I don't think that this is rocket science.","It's not rocket science; it's economics. It's the dismal science. It's just - it's not the University of Chicago's way, and now, you're saying, well, maybe this week, it is.","Look, it's not the University of Chicago. Most economists don't think that the government buying firms and taking them over or risking taxpayer money with no protection - to say that, if things improve, the taxpayers will get their money back - is a wise idea at all. I'm not saying that, but economists are famous for, on the one hand and on the other, and if, on the one hand, the choice is to let the economy sink into a recession just to teach these irresponsible bankers a lesson, or the other is to actually use the taxpayer money to prevent it, that's a pretty easy choice.","Anil Kashyap, professor of economics at the famed University of Chicago. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The problem of the crisis is not difficult to identify, but finding a solution is not that easy.","questions":"How would you describe the difficulty of finding a solution to the crisis?","answer":"Not-easy"}
{"text":["One of the main things that the sheep people face is the predators. And coyotes, wolves will impact your herd and kill lambs and so forth. It's kind of hard to imagine. But, at one point, I was trapping as many coyotes in a year as when I had sheep running on the land. And this is one of the things that this Barrasso bill seemed to address is the threshold level and not letting that level be like a mirage that you never really get there.","I apologize in advance for my city kid naivete, but isn't there something you can do to prevent the coyotes from getting to your - do I say flock or herd?","It's difficult. You got to remember, you know, it takes 30 acres to run a cow on my place. And you just can't be every place at once. So consequently, the cows have to kind of take care of themselves. And predators are very hard to offset in that instance.","How would increased state involvement, which is called for in the Barrasso bill, improve things as far as you're concerned?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Despite efforts to protect livestock, it's difficult to fully control predators and their impact on the herd.","questions":"What is difficult to fully control despite efforts to protect livestock?","answer":"Predators"}
{"text":["Well, we're interested in understanding, one, what are all the metabolites or small molecules that are under the control of the circadian clock in these post-harvest vegetables and fruits?So in things like zucchini and carrots and sweet potato, we would expect a different sweet of metabolites to be regulated by the clock. So we'd like to know what those are. And then we'd like to know what kind of conditions could be used to make this a practical - if it turns out that we can really make a difference in nutritional quality then. . .","Right.",". . . we would want to design a simply way to keep the clock running. And we know that plants can respond to just pulses of light in ways that can control or set their clock. And so we'd like to investigate what are the simplest ways that we can use to make this practical.","Well, we wish you good luck, Dr.  Braam."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are under control of the plant's internal system that is regulated by light and seasons.","questions":"What is under the control of the plant's internal system?","answer":"Metabolites"}
{"text":["Part of the problem is that you obviously need to deal with the security issues. But at the same time, that doesn't mean you put the human rights issues into the background. You can also raise human rights issues as you raise these security issues. You have to be able to walk and chew gum if you're going to practice international relations.","Yeah. You met North Korea's top nuclear negotiator in 2011. How did that go?I mean, how did you balance those concerns?","Well, the primary person I was - the reason that I was in North Korea at the time was to talk about the possibility of United States humanitarian assistance. North Koreans made a request. We were looking at the possibility of doing that. And our negotiations focused on that. On the other hand, there were meetings that we had and also time that we had after meetings or in connection with dinners and that kind of thing to raise human rights questions. You know, you don't start out by blasting them with the worst thing you can find. But there are ways that you can press them and push them and encourage them to accept the idea that human rights actually improves the standing of the regime if people like the government.","This administration eliminated the job you held. Do you think that matters?I mean, do you think this administration will even broach the issue of human rights?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Blasting was done in the metaphorical sense, ie blasting them with words. There was no actual shooting. ","questions":"Which sense was the blasting done in?","answer":"Metaphorical"}
{"text":["I assume, Sean, you're not going to have anyone there kind of pulling in the CNN-type touchscreen - pulling up results from various provinces. When might we get a really solid indication of who the next president of Afghanistan will be?","You're right. It is going to take some time here. We should start to get some basic, preliminary results in the coming days. But the actual count won't be completed until April 20. But once that's released, there's going to be several weeks of challenges, and a period where another body evaluates fraud and complaints and challenges from candidates. And May 14th is when the final, certified results of today's vote will actually be released. And most analysts are convinced that there's no chance any of the candidates will get more than 50 percent of the vote today, which means the top two candidates will go to a runoff, probably to be held sometime in June; meaning, we're looking at sometime late summer, early fall, actually, before we know who the next president of Afghanistan's going to be.","NPR's Sean Carberry in Kabul. Thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"the actual count won't be completed until April 20\" is meant literally as it refers to the official count of the votes.","questions":"What is the date when the actual count of the votes in Afghanistan will be completed?","answer":"April"}
{"text":["Well, I think I do have to wrestle with it as a personal crisis. I did have to wrestle with it. I had to just do what people do when they're kind of debilitated by panic attacks, which is figure out how to make them stop or at least somewhat subside.","No, I know you deal with it in a personal way, but it sounds like you're blaming, you know, George Bush for your problems.","Yeah (laughter). Well, in some ways I felt - at that time at least - that my problems were caused by George Bush. So, I mean, another thread of this book is that, you know, once I realized I wasn't going to cut it as a music major, I switched my major to Middle Eastern studies. And I took that very seriously. It was my plan to try to become a reporter in the Middle East. And I started to begin to learn Arabic. I spent years studying Islamic literature and art and religion.","And I left to go do my study abroad in Cairo, Egypt. And, of course, we started out that time, just as study abroad students do, learning the new currency, people in Egypt and then two weeks in, 9\/11 happened. And it completely changed obviously the course of everything. And a lot of Americans fled the Middle East at that point. You couldn't go back to the states because the airports were closed. But I stayed along with a small group of other American students, and I really thought that this was going to be so crucial to me and being a bridge of understanding between our country and that region."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to wrestle in this context means an event happened that is hard to get through","questions":"Which word describes how PersonA felt about their problems at the time?","answer":"Caused"}
{"text":["Oh, she did, and in such an interesting time. In the '70s, even before Betty Ford had famously stepped forward and talked about her struggles, Joan was convening people who were early thinkers in how to treat people differently. You know, AA had been around, of course, for decades. But there was a movement in the '70s to get people to look at the whole person with alcoholism. And Joan was really passionate about getting the word out.","Yeah. With Ray's death, Joan Kroc became one of the principal philanthropists in America. And she really took that responsibility seriously, didn't she?","She lived large, and she gave large. She felt this almost-burden with the money that she had. And saying she hit the lotto isn't really fair. But - she had this money at her disposal, and she felt obligated to use it in a constructive way. But that's not to say she was ascetic or like a monk. She lived very, very lavishly as well.","Yeah, she'd drip with jewels. She went to nice places. She. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Joan was a pioneer in the treatment of alcoholism and was passionate about spreading awareness of the issue.","questions":"What was Joan passionate about?","answer":"Alcoholism"}
{"text":["So what I did was incorporate the superhero, but have them have HIV in real life situations, if the person were to have it. So they would have the same illnesses, the same sicknesses, and even some of the characters may die from AIDS or something like that.","So, the book really shows you - I have in one scene where you see one of the characters is about to have sexual relations with a woman, and he - I show a condom. I talk about. . .","Robert, I'm sorry. We have to wrap it up here. There's so much to talk about. . .","I'm sorry for that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Incorporating a superhero with HIV in real life situations to raise awareness of the disease.","questions":"How does the book incorporate HIV?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["But some people might want the extra three months of the nine months option. Just look through and see what's offered. And the other good thing is, this is not one of those negative option kind of options. At the end of the six months or nine months, they're not going to automatically enroll you into a plan in which you have to pay, because the six month is worth about 60 dollars and the nine month is about 115 dollars. So they will absolutely stop it, and you have to say, I want this back. But listen, for six or nine months you've got someone looking through your TransUnion credit file, so it's worth it.","You know, Michelle, what you're saying is anyone who has applied for credit, essentially in the last 20 years, any credit card, is eligible for this. There is a benefit, including maybe some cash, sitting there on the table. You can write in and get it. That's it?","That's it. That's exactly right. And you do have to register for it. It's not automatic, and you have to go to www. listclassaction. com. And once you go to the site, you click on the link for Register for Benefits. And then they will email you and tell you later when you can actually start getting the monitoring service.","We will link to you and to this website at our site, that's npr. org. Michelle Singletary, personal finance columnist for the Washington Post and contributor to Day to Day. Michelle, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There is free money available for those who have applied for credit.","questions":"How much money?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Well, the Chinese leadership has continued to see dialogue first with Kim Jong Un. They've had two publicly announced meetings with him. One of them came right in advance of North Korea's announcement that it was going to pursue a satellite launch. We don't know whether that subject was discussed in China. But, you know, the indicator suggests that China is still trying to figure out if there is a way that it can influence the situation in North Korea without taking measures that would enhance instability. The Chinese priority is basically to maintain stability in North Korea.","And so it was - it's willing to prop up that terrible regime if it will prevent that regime's collapse and the horrible situation that might ensue.","I think it's certainly the case that if you're, you know, looking at why North Korea still is there in the middle of this otherwise prosperous region, the hand of China is the critical explainer for why North Korea is still able to survive.","Xi Jinping has been in power just a brief time in Beijing, but in that time, we have seen increased pressure on the Senkaku Islands. These are the disputed islands unoccupied, uninhabited islands in the East China Sea. Japan has controlled them for, what, 100 years. China claims them as well. There had been confrontations in the past where patrol boats and fishing boats had exchanged even water canon spray. But this time, a Chinese patrol craft flew over the islands, and that's a different situation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : China is willing to support North Korea's terrible regime to prevent its collapse and the horrible situation that might ensue","questions":"What is China's priority in North Korea?","answer":"Stability"}
{"text":["Yeah.","You know, again, as you say. . .","Door to door is about it.","And that's about it. And by the time everybody realized the scope of this disaster, it was too late. You could not evacuate people in time. And so it was basically described as an unleashed monster."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The disaster was so severe that it was impossible to save everyone, and the situation was out of control.","questions":"What was the disaster described as?","answer":"unleashed"}
{"text":["Absolutely. In fact, that is advice that students are given. Be sure and use the longest possible word you can. Don't settle for anything simple. And often what they end up doing is inventing a great deal. I've talked with teachers who have evaluated these, and one was telling me a story about this student who wrote about his whole family dying in a plane crash. Well, maybe that happened but it's entirely possible that it didn't.","I'm wondering, professor, those who are on the College Board say in fact they don't believe there's a formula, there's not shortcuts and the people who are doing the reading know how to spot gimmicks.","The teachers that I have talked to who are scorers certainly do know how to spot gimmicks. And I think that's why the teacher who told me the story about the whole family killed in the plane crash was spotting the gimmick. But that that doesn't prevent students from trying to use those gimmicks. They're trying to, in some way, make themselves distinctive and capture the attention of readers who, at best, are going to be skimming what they're reading because the scoring process for the SAT requires the scores - if you are hired as a scorer, what you have to be able to do is to read 20 essays in an hour, which is three minutes per essay. And if you are trying to earn extra money, you get a bonus if you can read 30.","I certainly didn't know this. So, the graders get a cash bounty for being superficial."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"What is the advice given to students according to the dialogue?","answer":"Longest"}
{"text":["Antivirus experts are calling Flame one of the most complex threats ever discovered. Once a machine is infected, the operator of the malware can expand its functionality almost like adding apps to a smartphone. Its operators sent out another app with orders to erase it this week, leaving no tracks behind.","Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?","Well, different from the average run-of-the-mill malware that criminals use?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Thank you.\" - The literal meaning is a polite response to being welcomed to the show. The implied meaning is that the guest is ready and willing to contribute to the discussion.","questions":"Which guest showed willingness to contribute to the discussion?","answer":"guest"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. A skyscraper overlooking the Sydney Harbor was named best tall building from Asia and Australia. Why?Why was this tall building a standout?","Well, this, again, is a very beautiful tower, but that is innovating in that a large part of the building is naturally ventilated. And we lost our way with tall buildings in architecture generally maybe 60, 70 years ago when we had the freedom to disconnect them from their environment by creating enclosed, mechanically ventilated boxes.","So this is a, you know, a 60-story tower in Sydney which uses the wind, the ventilation, to naturally ventilate a huge atrium, which runs the full height of the building. Quite innovative.","You say that 95 percent of the tall buildings in the world are terribly designed."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"terribly designed\" is a figurative expression that means poorly designed or not meeting certain standards. It does not refer to buildings that are literally falling apart or unusable.","questions":"How does \"terribly designed\" differ from literal building problems?","answer":"Standards"}
{"text":["Well, look. Latinos care about the economy. They care about education. They care about health care and national security. So when you weigh those things on a scale, you'd be surprised how much folks embrace the conservative message. In fact, more Latinos self-identify as conservatives than they do as liberals.","Right. Obviously, Latinos are not a monolithic group. Many Cubans, for example, vote Republican because of their particular history. But how do you sell the conservative view at this particular point in time?You may have a powerful economic message. But can that resonate if an entire demographic may feel demonized and under threat?","Look. Latino citizens are smart, mature, educated voters who understand and can disassociate the comments of the president with what, you know, they need for solid policy that is going to make their lives better. I mean, that's what you have to ask yourself at the end of the day, you know, when you vote for some one person or the other, or one party or the other. Will that person make my life better?And that's the calculation that everybody makes. And Latinos do, too. So look. It's up to the candidate. And it's up to the party to sell their message, to market their message. We're a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization. And what we advance are principles. And that's what Latinos embrace.","But it's not just the president. The Republican Party and its base has swung to the right on the issue of immigration and how to deal with it. There hasn't been a discussion, for example, of reform, looking at how people can work here legally but rather enforcement, deporting people, building walls."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Latino citizens can disassociate comments from the president and focus on solid policy","questions":"Which demographic may feel demonized and under threat?","answer":"Latinos"}
{"text":["Right. As far as I could tell, it wasn't so much derogatory as he wanted to create a mental picture to the listeners, you know, on radio, to say, OK, it was created in one big bang and so on.","And so what was his big blunder?","So the big blunder was - so he came up with a theory that was - that the universe is in a steady state. Namely the universe is always the same. It always was the same and always will be the same. And - but he also knew that the universe is expanding. So for the universe to stay the same, for example, for the density of matter to not change, he had to create matter in the universe. Because as the universe was getting larger, he had to have new matter there for the density to stay the same.","So this in itself was not a blunder. When he suggested this, it was a beautiful idea because, you know, we say the universe is the same everywhere and in every direction. And he wanted to add to that and that every time. So that, you know, sounded very elegant.","The blunder was that after about 15 years, when evidence started accumulating that this is really not the way the universe behaves but in fact the universe does evolve and change, he stubbornly refused to accept that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The universe is not always the same and new matter is needed for it to stay the same.","questions":"What was the big blunder?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["So even though Wall Street seems to be blowing up or it did yesterday, the hedge funds are doing just fine. And these Masters of the Universe are ensconced happily in their Greenwich, Connecticut mansions?","Well, right now, they are swimming the tightest defensive positions they can. They're like turtles pulling themselves back into their shell just trying to wait this thing out. They could be hurt badly. In fact, today is one of the four times a year that people can take money out of hedge funds. Usually there's a certain fixed percentage that they can take out at any one time. That's for the protection of the fund itself. But still, there could be enough taken out today to seriously hurt a lot of hedge funds.","But the point I want to make is, it hasn't happened yet. These Masters of the Universe are very bright, I mean, they're smart. And they're much smarter than the people they left behind at the investment banks. And investment banks now are - it's a closed chapter in American history. When Goldman Sachs now has to become a bank, who with - not Masters of the Universe, but a lot of young female tellers sitting at windows with packets of red dye to give to the robbers when they come in to take money out of the place.","SOUNDBITE OF LAUGHTER"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : ROBBERS ROBBED PEOPLE'S MONEY AND THE PEOPLE ARE CARELESS TO LOSS THEIR S","questions":"What did the people lose to the robbers?","answer":"Money"}
{"text":["We were sure supposed to. Somewhere along the line things, sort of, broke down and it's obviously disturbing that we haven't come as far as we thought in that time.","As you looked at what happened before the attack in Benghazi, what do you think are the important lessons to be taken away there?","You know, I think that right now it's hard to tell what the lessons are because there's no clear chain of accountability or decision making. The first question you ask yourself is who is in charge of this thing?You had a mission - a State Department mission on the ground.","Theoretically everyone in that mission, including that special operations team that supposedly could've reacted to this thing was working for the head of mission, which in this case was a deputy chief of mission since the ambassador was the individual involved. And it's unclear to me even at this point if he had the authority to launch that special operations team or whether someone outside that chain of command and Department of Defense or Southern Command, or pardon me, in Special Operations Command, you know, overruled that. And it's never become obvious to me what that chain of command was. And it seemed to me that would be one of the first questions the congressional people are asking - doing the inquiries should've been asking."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The line did not break but somewhere in time things got worse.","questions":"What was the issue that caused the disturbance mentioned by A?","answer":"Accountability"}
{"text":[". . . Had you wanted to see these images. You had to have heard about it. You're just seeing brief news reports saying that foreign powers, especially the United States, have been provoking riots and dangerous behavior in Hong Kong for their own selfish reasons - those kind of terse news bulletins. But on the social media that the Chinese exchange every day that they love on their smartphones, any hint of searching for news that Hong Kong is immediately shut down by the censors.","So the U. S.  is being blamed on mainland China. The U. S.  does have a lot of financial interests in Hong Kong. The State Department has expressed grave concern over this extradition law. It says there are more than 1,300 U. S.  firms with operations in Hong Kong, about $80 billion in U. S.  investment, 85,000 American citizens. Are U. S.  businesses operating in Hong Kong likely to be affected by all of this?","They certainly would have been if this law had gone through. I mean, in essence, what this proposal was was that for the first time ever people in Hong Kong, whether foreigners or locals, could be sent for trial by being extradited to the mainland, and the mainland's courts are explicitly under the control of the Communist Party. They are not independent courts. They're not meant to be independent courts. So that caused a gigantic backlash from even rather meek and mild business groups. . .","Hm."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is censorship in China preventing access to information about Hong Kong protests","questions":"How is information about Hong Kong protests censored in China?","answer":"Shut"}
{"text":["Mr.  O'HARROW: No one seems to know exactly how much money will be spent through contracts, but it's going to be a considerable amount. When you hand out money quickly without setting up good terms of contracts and without having mechanisms to follow the money as it's spent to ensure that taxpayers get what they're paying for, you're going to have waste, and that's going to be what you'll get at best. At worst you'll have fraud and corruption.","Now, the Democrats who are in charge of this bill, some of whom have written this bill like David Obey, chair of the House Appropriations Committee, says we have a lot of monitoring built into this bill, and even so, we need to act very, very quickly because this is an emergency.","We've got more oversight built into this package than any package in the history of man. If money is spent badly, we want to know about it so we can hold accountable the people who made that choice. And guess what. Regardless of what we do, there will be some stupid decisions made.","David Obey, chair of the House Appropriations Committee. Well, Robert O'Harrow of the Washington Post, what do you say to that?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : When you hand out money quickly with no regulations people will spend it on things that are not needed.","questions":"What kind of consequences are mentioned in turn 0 of the statement?","answer":"consequences"}
{"text":["And of course we speak this week on a week in which the city of Baltimore has been undergoing a lot of restiveness, including injuries and arrests. What do you make of the fact that you've got Wednesday's ballgame played at Camden Yards, but no audience?","I think that's a shame. Much like how after 9\/11 I didn't think they should've called the ballgames off, I thought they should still have baseball being played. I think baseball helps people heal. It changes things. Look at Jackie Robinson, what that did for the civil rights movement. I can speak for my family when they came over from Poland at the turn-of-the-century. They combined with other immigrant kids and they all learned baseball because that was one thing that brought everybody together.","Gary Cieradkowski - his new book, \"The League of Outsider Baseball. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  A: Thank you, Scott. Actual meaning: A is expressing gratitude to B for the conversation.","questions":"Which word did PersonA use to express gratitude to B?","answer":"Thank"}
{"text":["Yeah, I think that's true. And I think any country would really struggle to deal with something this extreme. MSF was already in the country working with patients with HIV. And we're looking at Mozambique's emergency response for at least the next six months. But it's likely that it will take longer.","I mean, we've got to remember that people have lost their crops; people have lost their homes. And these are not wealthy people. These are people who - you know, many people live kind of hand-to-mouth, so their struggling is huge.","Caitlin Ryan is emergency communications officer for Doctors Without Borders. Responding to the situation in Mozambique, she's in the city of Beira this morning.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Living hand-to-mouth implies that you're just barely making ends meet. A subsistence standard of living with little to spare.","questions":"Which standard of living do many people live with who have lost their crops and homes in Mozambique?","answer":"Subsistence"}
{"text":["Ritualized.",". . . ritualized into something much larger.","What did you find?You lived there for months. You've learned a form of Indonesian close to their own Asmat tongue. Were they ashamed about what had happened to Michael Rockefeller?","If you ask them, they don't want to talk about it. They say yes, we used to be cannibals, but we don't want to talk about that. We're not cannibals now. They have been converted to Catholicism, but they also have multiple wives and live in this rich spirit world that is outside of Catholicism. So it's very difficult to get them to talk about actual cannibalism and Michael Rockefeller, in particular. They're frightened to talk about it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 4) where the phrase \"rich spirit world\" implies a complex and vibrant spiritual existence that is not necessarily tied to Catholicism, even though the literal meaning of the phrase may refer to a literal world of spirits.","questions":"Which phrase in turn 3 implies a spiritual existence that is not necessarily associated with Catholicism?","answer":"Rich"}
{"text":["Yeah.","You look ahead, and what do you see?Just life is going to be a kind of process of trying to figure out how to live on very reduced circumstances.","Yeah. And my grandparents raised me, and they did live through the Depression. And I've kind of gone back more and more to how they coped. I remember my grandmother telling me how they had to eat the kids' pet chickens for dinner.","Cutting back to two meals a day, that's two things, dire circumstances and also an enormous amount of self discipline."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Life is going to be a challenge due to reduced circumstances.","questions":"What kind of process does PersonA say life is going to be?","answer":"Process"}
{"text":["Now it's, I should say this is a demonstration, it's not, you know, there is an actual kill that takes place in the video, but it's not a real kill, it's a demo kill. But what the system that they are playing or working on actually is designed to do and will do when it is deployed is to hunt, and if necessary kill, real targets. It fires missiles, it drops bombs, you can hear the guy talking about the weapons that he has available on one of his drones.","And they didn't just make it feel like a video game, they figured out that there's a sort of a feedback loop that was a problem for the operators, they couldn't kind of sense what was happening. And they hired video gamers to redesign their system for them.","Yeah, they hired real game developers. Because, you know, when you compared what people in the military were using to operate drones to what the latest Xbox or PlayStation system looked like, I mean the screens on this wrap around you so you feel as though you were there. One of the executives Raytheon describes it as projecting your mind into a place where you want it.","You write about watching this demonstration video with your seven year old kind of standing behind you watching this screen, and he gets it right away and he kind of likes it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"they hired video gamers to redesign their system for them\" - The literal meaning is that video gamers were hired to redesign the system. The implied meaning is that the video gamers were able to improve the system's design by applying their expertise from playing video games.","questions":"What kind of experts were hired to redesign the system?","answer":"Game"}
{"text":["I don't know what a - difference between an executive order and a proclamation is.","Well, proclamations seem to be more rare. They do kind of echo of something royal, but it has basically the same effect as an executive order.","And how would this change what somebody who wants to apply for asylum must do?","Well, it's trying to bar asylum for people who enter the U. S.  in between ports of entry."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Proclamations have the same effect as executive orders","questions":"Which type of government actions have similar effects according to A?","answer":"Orders"}
{"text":["I think the - the city will continue as it is. It's still the heart of all economic activity, of business. The plan to move the capital of Jakarta somewhere else is nearly 60 years old. The first Indonesian president, I think, in 1957 already came up with plans. In fact, they build a city in another part of Indonesian Borneo that was going to be the new capital.","Now, that didn't happen. But - so these plans are - have been around for a long time, and this has also got to do with taking the center of Indonesia's power, which is now concentrated on the island of Java, more centrally to Indonesia.","So the proposed new location in Borneo - is that a better choice for a capital?","It's not too bad. I've lived in the area for quite some time. There is tropical rainforest, and the government has emphasized that they want this to be a really green development. There's going to be no deforestation. There's going to be very smart planning. Of course, environmentalists like myself are concerned about what is going to happen once you move a million people into a relatively sparsely part of Indonesian Borneo. That likely will have significant impacts on the environment."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Moving a million people to a sparsely populated area may harm the environment despite the government's plans for green development.","questions":"What is the potential environmental impact of moving a million people to sparsely populated area despite the government's green development plans?","answer":"Impacts"}
{"text":["Oh, well, there are a lot of asteroids near Jupiter. You know, Jupiter orbits pretty close to the asteroid belt, for one thing. So that's a part of the solar system that's very cluttered with space rocks. And Jupiter ends up being a target for a lot of them because - mainly because it's such a big planet. It has so much gravity. It actually pulls some of these space rocks toward it.","What makes you not believe it was - might have been a comet?","Oh, well, it might have been a comet. The only way to tell the difference between an asteroid and a comet impact is to look at what kind of debris it leaves behind in Jupiter's atmosphere. Now - but the problem is, in this case, astronomers have been watching the impact site - the place where the flash of light occurred - all week long, and they've been looking through debris, but there is none. Now, if you could look at the debris and see what it's made of, you could say, oh, yes. That's material that's characteristic of an asteroid, or in the case of a comet, you know, comets tend to be very watery. And the debris cloud has chemical byproducts of water in it if a comet has hit. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Jupiter being a big planet with lots of gravity attracts space rocks.","questions":"How does Jupiter attract space rocks?","answer":"Gravity"}
{"text":["But you also said let me reassure you, I've seen the quality of that work. In other words, these plans are viable, credible, ready to go?","Yes, I have. I did say that. Part of my job in the Pentagon was the oversight - civilian oversight of military planning, and one of the things that we've, you know, we're charged with is to prepare options for the president no matter the contingency. And certainly, there are very viable plans with regard to contingencies involving Iran. But again, the judgment is at this point that's not where the focus should be.","And as you know, Israel has - well, has plans of its own - contingencies. And I know a large part of your speech was devoted to the idea that they should hold off and reassuring them the United States would take action if necessary and that Israeli action would be counterproductive. More counterproductive than an American strike?","Well, my point to them was we have a shared objective here - preventing Iran from getting nuclear weapons and that, you know, any military action really only buys time. It's a delaying action for one to three years. It sets the program back, but it doesn't solve the fundamental problem of Iran's pursuit of a nuclear weapons capability. To do that, you'll need a continued international campaign with sanctions, with negotiations to eventually change their calculus."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"It sets the program back, but it doesn't solve the fundamental problem of Iran's pursuit of a nuclear weapons capability.\" - The actual meaning here is not about the meaning of the words used but rather about the speaker explaining the limitations of military action in addressing the issue of Iran's pursuit of nuclear weapons.","questions":"What is the fundamental problem with military action in addressing Iran's pursuit of nuclear weapons?","answer":"Limitations"}
{"text":["Some of that is after 9\/11, but you know, a lot more flags and a lot more talking about America's mission to do good around the world. You hear it from secretaries of state down to ordinary people. That's new. That wasn't there before.","But there's also pushback to that too. So there's a bit more - I noticed a little bit more serious engagement among people in the - certainly in Washington and policy circles who are talking more about how the U. S.  and the world should interact. There wasn't much of that before. It was more the U. S.  sort of saying we should do this, this is how it's going to be, we're laying down the law.","So there's changes going on, but these changes are mirrored by changes all over the world. So there's nothing particularly unique about what's going on in the U. S.","I remember speaking to you, I think it was about two and a half years ago, and you were reporting on - from one of the most stultified regions in the world, where nothing seemed to change, decades of ossification in the Arab societies around the Middle East. And you now live in one of the most, for better or for worse, dynamic places in the world."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Lay down the law\" is an expression meaning the U.S. wouldn't listen to the needs of other countries, but would tell them what to do.","questions":"What was the U.S. doing before when interacting with other countries?","answer":"Telling"}
{"text":["Well, we don't have a clear answer on that. That's not something that either side is answering in black and white. But the unusual nature of this information sharing certainly raises that question again with Manafort. And Manafort of course does face the possibility of spending the rest of his life in prison with the conviction in Virginia and then the plea deal in Washington. And the president certainly didn't do anything this week to try to head off talk of a possible pardon.","No, he - in fact, he said that's still on the table. Why should I take it off the table, right?","Exactly. exactly.","And a March 5 sentencing date for Paul Manafort, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"raises that question again with Manafort\" - The literal meaning is that the unusual nature of information sharing raises a question about Manafort. The actual meaning could be that the information sharing suggests Manafort may have information about the president that could lead to a pardon.","questions":"Which person's possible pardon is suggested by the unusual nature of information sharing?","answer":"Manafort's"}
{"text":["Kids are natural scientists. They're natural born inquisitors. They like to find out about everything, and we just don't have a way of doing it. Maybe your math book can help do that. Have - do teachers use it at all and think about it?","We do have teachers using it. They say that they warm up the class with a math problem in the morning. We've heard all kinds of stories. There's a bus driver outside Chicago who actually puts the math problem up on a whiteboard on the bus every morning. And he has a bag of Oriental Trading prizes.","Right.","And the first kid on the bus to get it gets to pull something out of the bag. So it's really a movement that's spreading."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Kids like to learn about everything and they are always questioning what they see.","questions":"How are kids described as learners?","answer":"Inquisitive"}
{"text":["And I don't know if they ever made the spreadsheet. But the two of them really decided early on that they were committed to this. He also happened to be Swedish, which she said helped. But, you know, really kind of staying on top of it seemed to be the most important thing for couples.","And so what do you think the takeaway is?What needs to happen?","I think the takeaway is more awareness. One of the problems is that we have this idea of the modern involved father. We all know that things have improved a lot since the 1950s. And it's really easy to focus on that rather than to know - and I think most people don't know because they don't look at statistics - that fathers' participation leveled off at 35% around the year 2000. So we go into parenting expecting something like parity. But it doesn't manifest. So our expectations are really not being met. And that leads to a lot of anger.","That was Darcy Lockman, author of \"All The Rage: Mothers, Fathers And The Myth Of Equal Partnership. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A takeaway is a key fact, point, or idea to be remembered, typically one emerging from a discussion or meeting.","questions":"How is a takeaway defined?","answer":"Fact"}
{"text":["I wouldn't say a list of specific charges but some general charges. So the one that is the most specific is the claim that in 1996 she went on a spy mission to China to Guangxi province and, you know, spied for the FBI. And, I mean, there's a number of issues with that. I mean, one of them is that I have all kinds of evidence that Sandy did not go to China in 1996. I have the evidence of her passport. I have the evidence of her paystubs.","I mean, she was a full-time employee of the Houston Police Department as a secretary, a clerk typist, when she allegedly was doing the spy work. The paystubs show that she'd taken 11 hours off during the time in question. I've also got a newspaper article that she appeared in. So, I mean, we have a fair amount of evidence that shows that she was not in China in 1996.","Why would the Chinese government be interested in putting your wife in prison if there wasn't something that made them suspicious?","So this is not the police that investigate regular crimes. This is the, you know, China Ministry of State Security. This is a bunch of spies. They don't trust anybody. And in point of fact, I mean, they look at people involved in nonprofit work like my wife with a great deal of suspicion. And the fact of the matter is the state security has sent a number of people to the U. S.  to spy, and the FBI has been catching these people. And I am sure that the Ministry of State Security is just not very happy about that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the implied meaning is that the Chinese government has some reasons to suspect Sandy and may be looking for some evidence that would justify putting her in prison. ","questions":"How does turn 3 suggest the Chinese government's view on people involved in nonprofit work like Sandy?","answer":"Suspicion"}
{"text":["Now, Mr.  Trump often points out that the school, at least on the website, had an overwhelmingly favorable rating from former students. But the plaintiffs say that it wasn't like that at all.","Really, that's exactly what they say. They argue that the whole point to this school was to keep selling students increasingly expensive seminars. First, there was a free introductory course where students were told they could make tens of thousands of dollars in just a couple of months using Trump's investment techniques.","But to learn those, they had to sign up for another seminar that cost about 1,500 bucks. And at that seminar, they were sold another course that cost as much as $35,000. They claim that students were encouraged to go into credit-card debt and even cash out their 401(k)s to pay for these top-level courses.","The settlement was reached. Well, one of these suits was about to go to trial on Monday, wasn't it?","Yeah, it was, though attorneys for Trump wanted it delayed because he was too busy with the transition. But, clearly, his schedule wasn't going to get any easier once he became president. So the judge in the case was urging both sides to settle."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the settlement in the lawsuit had already been reached. However, the actual meaning is that the settlement was being discussed and was close to being reached.","questions":"How was the settlement in the lawsuit reached?","answer":"discussed"}
{"text":["Very much this was an aftershock to the departure of Steve Bannon, who was the president's chief strategist. He's the guy who brought Seb Gorka in. Gorka was not a household name, at least not in most households. And he was part of the contingent in the White House associated with this America first attitude, a kind of ultra-nationalism. And that faction, at this point, is down. But as we saw with the pardon of Sheriff Arpaio, that faction is not yet out.","More missiles out of North Korea were launched last night - fell in the sea. North Korea had not so much other news broken overnight. This might have been our lead story. Does President Trump, after this week, have the confidence in Congress and in other quarters of opinion, to lead the country on this and other issues?","You know, that depends on whom you ask. There are certainly those people who will express total confidence in the president, those who have probably never had any at all. But the team around the president, the three generals - so we are increasingly talking about John Kelly, James Mattis, H. R. McMaster - that team tends to boost confidence on military matters.","Ron Elving, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"Does President Trump, after this week, have the confidence in Congress and in other quarters of opinion, to lead the country on this and other issues?\" ","questions":"Which team boosts confidence on military matters?","answer":"Generals"}
{"text":["What I'm going to do next time or in the next few months is I'm going to get storm shutters put in my house. We have no plans on moving, though.","With the electricity restored, the whole family is moving back in today.","And how's baby William doing?","He's doing wonderful. He's eating and sleeping like a champ (laughter). And his big sister is loving her new role, so we're very happy."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker's baby and family are doing well and they are happy about it.","questions":"How is the PersonA's family?","answer":"Well"}
{"text":["You know, it's interesting that you should say that because leasing was one of the ways you could get into a car without having to have a huge down payment. So now, if leasing is going to cost more, buying a car already costs more with regard to the down payment, it's going to be really tough for some people, isn't it?","It will be, and you know what it's going to put pressure on is the used-car market, because if you can't get a new one, you go get a used one. But if they have more demand for used ones, that's going to push up, too. So the entire - the love affair that America had with the automobile. . .","Coming to an end?","It may be a love affair that we have to look at again, you know, somebody cheated on somebody, I don't know who."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Leasing becoming more expensive will make it difficult for some people to afford cars","questions":"Which method of obtaining a car can be used without having a huge down payment, according to B?","answer":"Leasing"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And there is a risk, from the government's point of view, that if they aren't seen to act, then the Bharatiya Janata Party, the BJP, which is a Hindu nationalist party which has been in power before, might appear to be a better option because it is tougher on this sort of subject.","Congress has not really got it together. They don't have a good national leader. And there isn't - the government isn't showing the drive and the command that the people are increasingly wanting.","John Elliott is a writer in Delhi, India. He writes for Fortune magazine, and he also keeps a blog called \"Riding the Elephant. \"Thank you, John.","Thanks very much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The government is not providing strong leadership, which is causing dissatisfaction among the people.","questions":"How is the government's leadership viewed by the people?","answer":"Leadership"}
{"text":["Her fencing tutor, when she is 13, makes her his mistress. Julie says he gave everything I desired and quite a few things I hadn't known existed. Oh, my word.","(Laughter) He was her father's boss. And he was one of the great nobleman of France at the time, a very, very powerful man. And all of a sudden, she was the very young mistress and was moved into Paris so that he could keep her separate from his wife, but she wanted more. And so very quickly she got bored and she ran off with her fencing master.","Yeah. There's a lot of fencing in this book. As soon as I say that, I realize metaphorical but also actual fencing in this book.","Well, I used to fence as a kid. It's one of the reasons I know about her. I fenced all through school and college, but I have to say that I'd - when I'm writing the fencing scenes, I do jump out of my chair and grab a foil - I've still got my old swords - and I act out the scenes for myself just to make sure that they make sense."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Well, I used to fence as a kid. It's one of the reasons I know about her. I fenced all through school and college, but I have to say that I'd - when I'm writing the fencing scenes, I do jump out of my chair and grab a foil - I've still got my old swords - and I act out the scenes for myself just to make sure that they make sense.  The implied meaning here is that the author's statement \"I act out the scenes for myself just to make sure that they make sense\" suggests that the author physically performs the movements and actions of fencing while writing the fencing scenes in the book. It implies that the author engages in a form of role-playing or physical enactment to ensure the authenticity and realism of the fencing scenes.","questions":"What activity did the author physically perform while writing the fencing scenes?","answer":"Act"}
{"text":["And so having helped quietly and not so subtly to engineer his appearance and his victory as the GOP nominee, she then came yesterday as all of these Republicans were trying to get him off the ticket and saying, no, no, no, the voters of the state have spoken. Of course it would be terrible. There would be a terrible backlash if he were to be pushed off the ticket by these outside forces. So if you're an outsider, like me, you just - and a political observer, you really just have to giggle at this process.","Because Senator McCaskill is clearly hoping to keep the weakest possible candidate in the race.","Well, she's simultaneously making the argument, look, this just proves that we can't risk having this guy representing us in the United States Senate and saying - but he must stay on the ticket because I want to run against him.","As you pointed out in your piece, this was a tactic that Harry Reid, the Democratic leader in the United States Senate, used in Nevada earlier when he got the - was extremely fortunate to run against Sharron Angle."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A implies that the process of political maneuvering can be absurd and comical to an outside observer.","questions":"What is the impression that an outsider political observer might have of the political process described in turn 0?","answer":"Comical"}
{"text":["This was after years of drift. There is this new energy, this new vigor in this relationship, and there's also enormous excitement, Scott, over the president and the first lady returning to India. The president has this coveted seat at this dazzling display of Indian military hardware during Monday's Republic Day parade, which is actually meant to commemorate the Constitution. And he'll see in a flyover this huge U. S. -made Super Hercules lifter, a testament to the close defense ties between India and the U. S.","And is the president arriving at a time of enthusiasm in India?","Oh, he certainly is. They're here at a very heavy time. The stock market is on this bull run. It's hitting record highs. The IMF predicts that India's growth will actually outpace China's by 2016. So there's this energy here and there's this hope for improving the lives of 1. 2 billion people, but that requires a lot of change. And that's what the president won't necessarily see - the 300 million Indians who don't have electricity, the 600 million who don't have access to clean toilets.","Speaking of energy, should we expect anything concrete out of these meetings?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1)\tA:\tThis was after years of drift.There is this new energy, this new vigor in this relationship, and there's also enormous excitement, Scott, over the president and the first lady returning to India.The president has this coveted seat at this dazzling display of Indian military hardware during Monday's Republic Day parade, which is actually meant to commemorate the Constitution.And he'll see in a flyover this huge U.S.-made Super Hercules lifter, a testament to the close defense ties between India and the U.S. (2)\tB:\tAnd is the president arriving at a time of enthusiasm in India? (3)\tA:\tOh, he certainly is.They're here at a very heavy time.The stock market is on this bull run.It's hitting record highs.The IMF predicts that India's growth will actually outpace China's by 2016.So there's this energy here and there's this hope for improving the lives of 1.2 billion people, but that requires a lot of change.And that's what the president won't necessarily see - the 300 million Indians who don't have electricity, the 600 million who don't have access to clean toilets. (4)\tB:\tSpeaking of energy, should we expect anything concrete out of these meetings?  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.","questions":"What is the name of the U.S-made Super Hercules lifter mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Super"}
{"text":["Will you try and legislate in spite of the president instead of with him?I mean, it seems that he is distracting from what the Republican Congress is trying to do.","Oh, absolutely. I think we'll move forward without that. I think that the president can certainly - I mean, it would be helpful, obviously, if the president makes that pivot - and I certainly hope that he does - where he's certainly more deliberate, more thoughtful in his approach - certainly gets off this Twitter stuff (laughter) - where, you know, I think that, as commander in chief - and I've said this before - that the men and women who serve this country in uniform want to see a president focused on the fact that we're a nation at war and not in a Twitter war with Rosie O'Donnell.","And so I think - I hope that this president can self-correct - this presidency can stabilize. But the Congress needs to move forward with policies that matter to the American people. And the president is doing something important right now in having visited Saudi Arabia - and to strengthen our alliance with Saudi Arabia, to counter that Iranian - Syrian, certainly under Assad, and Russia axis of power that is strengthening.","You know, you're talking about Twitter, but there were reports last week that the president disclosed sensitive intelligence information from Israel to Russian diplomats in an Oval Office meeting. You're a veteran. Do you have any concerns about the president's national security judgment, just briefly?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"get off this Twitter stuff\" - figurative meaning, implies that the president should stop using social media as a means of communication and focus on more important issues.","questions":"What does the statement \"get off this Twitter stuff\" suggest?","answer":"Stop"}
{"text":["So the sport itself has given me countless opportunities. And for me, the reason why I'm so interested in doing this, it's sort of like my way of giving back, in a sense. You know, I'm going places with the javelin and it's helping me out and probably going to get me into a nice school. So why not give back?And I feel like if I have to do this research project at my school, why not do it on something that I like?","Yeah. I'm just going to guess you've heard from some people that know somebody who was injured by a javelin who've said there's no need for this sport?","Honestly, I haven't. I mean, I know there are some people that have gotten injured and there are people that are against the implementation of the event. But personally, I do not know anybody that has been injured.","You know, Mr.  Christensen, there are people listening around the country I'm sure might point out that it seems easier to buy a gun in South Carolina than to throw a javelin in high school."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"it's sort of like my way of giving back\" - The literal meaning is that the speaker sees the sport as an opportunity to give back to the community. The actual meaning is that the speaker wants to use their involvement in the sport to contribute to something meaningful, such as a research project.","questions":"What is the purpose of the PersonA's involvement in the sport?","answer":"Contribute"}
{"text":["Yes.","Do you consider the experiment a success, and should it be replicated?","I do consider it a success because they did not get in trouble again. The essays that they wrote - at least the one that the defense attorney made available to us - the student wrote that he understood. So to me, it worked. And my hope, my dream, my goal would be that this is not an unusual disposition that causes people to write about it in the newspaper or for me to be interviewed. I would love for this to be a standard disposition all over the place.","Alex Rueda, the deputy commonwealth attorney for Virginia, thank you very much.","Oh, my pleasure."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The person did not get pleasure from it but is simply being polite.","questions":"How did the person feel about the conversation?","answer":"Pleasure"}
{"text":["Hurricane Dorian is pounding the Carolinas. Parts of downtown Charleston are already flooded. It has weakened since it hit the Bahamas as a Category 5 storm. At least 20 people are confirmed dead there, and that number is expected to rise as recovery efforts are just beginning. Parts of the Abaco Islands in the Bahamas are destroyed.","Alex Cepero stayed in the Abacos town of Marsh Harbour, thinking he could ride out the storm with his two dogs, but Hurricane Dorian destroyed his home while he was still inside of it. And I want to warn listeners that this is a wrenching story. Alex, thank you for talking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","You're welcome.","First of all, are you OK?Were you injured or hurt during the storm?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The story is emotional and difficult to hear.","questions":"What is the tone of the story?","answer":"Emotional"}
{"text":["President GEORGE W.  BUSH: The question facing the president is not when the problem started, but what did you do about it when you recognized the problem?And I readily concede, I chunked aside some of my free market principles when I was told by chief economic advisers that the situation we were facing could be worse than the Great Depression.","That's George W.  Bush, speaking at his last press conference as the president earlier today. Joining us now to talk about that conference and the week ahead in politics is NPR senior Washington editor Ron Elving. Hi, Ron.","Hello, Alex. Good to be with you.","Good to be with you. And as we just heard, Mr.  Bush spoke of his legacy related to the current economic crisis. He also talked about terrorism, the war in Iraq and Hurricane Katrina. What's your take on the overall tone of today's press conference?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Bush admits he compromised his beliefs to address economic crisis","questions":"Which principles did Bush compromise?","answer":"shopping"}
{"text":["Now here we are 15 years later. Let's talk about the restructuring efforts that are going on in Rwanda now.","Yeah.","Describe that.","I actually had a chance to be back there this last summer. I was just really impressed. I met with some of my old friends and some new ones. There was a gentleman and his wife who'd been hiding in one of the orphanages that I was bringing food and water to, three months in this tiny little room, six of them, and he's now a high court judge. She's deputy director of Ombudsman, and this Ombudsman program is just huge as far as I'm concerned."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : saying that the ombudsman program is just as big","questions":"Which program is huge according to A?","answer":"Ombudsman"}
{"text":["Well, I think every writer hopes to bring information to a reader or a viewer. Every artist wants to reach another person through the heart. Something that a novel can do is bring you information in a different way from journalism or all other forms of acquiring information. It brings you inside the mind of another person. So it creates empathy for the theoretical stranger, and that's - it's a fresh avenue, really, for bringing science to a reader, to get to the head via the heart.","Do you have science - we have 30 seconds left. But will we see science in your next book?","Absolutely.","Well, I look forward to it. Thank you for joining us today."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : You do not actually enter the person's heart or mind, it means that you start to understand their perspective ","questions":"Which avenue does a novel create for bringing science to a reader?","answer":"Avenue"}
{"text":["And what's the story about how your parents met?","Well, they met in art school in Charlotte. . .","(Singing) In the '60s, black boots, mini skirt, blonde curls. Then when you went to art school. . .","And my mom would go and see him play. He was in a jazz funk band called Fungus Blues. And she would go. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A is sharing a personal anecdote about how their parents met, which involves the jazz funk band Fungus Blues","questions":"Which band was PersonA's father a part of when he met PersonA's mother?","answer":"Fungus"}
{"text":["What goes in the clubhouse stays in the clubhouse - until the baseball manager writes a book, that is. It's Thursday, and if you haven't guessed, it's time again for a look at sports with our very own sports guru, the New York Times Sports Columnist, Mr.  Bill Rhoden. Mr.  Bill, what's up?","Hey, the great Tony Cox. How you're doing?","I'm doing great, man. Joe Torre, leaving New York as a beloved figure, but now he has written his autobiography, \"The Yankee Years. \"I know that he's been on his New York tour. People are buying the book. But, you know, some people are happy, some people not so happy.","Well, the people who are most important to be happy are happy. The publisher of course. . .","Anybody reading book, it's about selling books. And I, Tony, I sort of equate it to in football, the most important statistics for a receiver are yards after catch."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : What happens in the clubhouse should not be shared with others","questions":"Which day of the week was it when the dialogue took place?","answer":"Thursday"}
{"text":["I think it may encourage a few big states, as I mentioned, to try to move away a little bit from weighing race and trying to find a way, like this top 10 law, rewarding top graduates, find a way to bring in more minority students but without giving an explicit preference in the admissions policy.","Now some will remember there was another case I think from the University of Michigan that was also broadly about affirmative action. Does the Texas case supplant that, or are we awaiting a decision on the Michigan case, as well?","We're waiting a decision on the Michigan case, as well. That will be argued in the fall. The lower court decided that on a different basis, basically said that they threw out - the lower court threw out a state proposition, a ballot measure that prohibited affirmative action in Michigan. And so that's a different legal issue, and the court's going to hear that case and decide it next year.","Well, a couple of other interesting cases they picked up for next year announced today, one of them McCullen v.  Coakley, which takes on the issue of protestors at abortion clinics. And as I understand it, their case argues that the law in Massachusetts that prohibits them from barring entry to - they have to be a certain distance away from entries to abortion clinics, that violates their right to free speech."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It may encourage states from taking race into account on college admissions.","questions":"How may big states change their approach towards minority students in college admissions?","answer":"Move"}
{"text":["They survived, but it's not like they were back at a comfortable hospital stateside within a few weeks is it?","No, their reward for surviving was Japanese captivity. And you know, what lay ahead for them was famously fictionalized in the movie \"The Bridge On The River Kwai,\" the so-called Burma-Thailand Railway, which was a - it was a war crime, really. These POWs were set to work for the Japanese, building this railroad through the jungle up in Burma and Thailand. And it was a case, literally, of the survivors in some sense envying the dead. 20 percent of the survivors would die in captivity. And so out of that 1,100-man crew, fewer than 300 came home.","It seems good here to remember the words that President Roosevelt said after the sinking, quote, \"our enemies have given us the chance to prove that there will be another USS Houston and yet another USS Houston, if that becomes necessary. And still another USS Houston, as long as American ideals are in jeopardy. \"","Well, he spoke those words, I believe, it was on Memorial Day, 1942. The president had a special relationship with this ship and its crew. Four times during the '30s he took world cruises on the Houston. It got to the point where when he called the Navy Department and said, bring the boat around, the admirals on duty knew exactly which ship he meant; he meant the Houston."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the phrase \"envying the dead\" is a figurative expression that means that the survivors of the USS Houston were in such dire conditions during their captivity that they would have preferred to die rather than continue living in those conditions.","questions":"How did the survivors of USS Houston feel during their captivity?","answer":"Dire"}
{"text":["What about William Thompson, Jr. ?Originally of Brooklyn, now of Manhattan. He actually won the Democratic nomination four years ago and ran an unexpectedly close race.","Oh, absolutely. And interestingly enough, he's been part of the New York political establishment for a very long time. You hear people refer to him as Billy, because he's William Thompson, Jr.  His father was prominent in politics, generally well-liked in very much a known quantity.","Bill de Blasio of Brooklyn, the public advocate.","An interesting man - I guess you could still call him a young man. I was about to call him a young man. I've known him since we were both running around in sneakers. But he was an aide to David Dinkins. He was the campaign manager for Hillary Clinton when she ran for Senate here in New York and served a couple of terms in the New York City Council. So, he's been in and around this stuff for decades and now he thinks it's his time to go for the big chair."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using nonverbal cues, such as facial expressions or body language, to convey a message that complements or contradicts their spoken words.","questions":"Which nonverbal cues?","answer":"Contradicts"}
{"text":["I mean, that's something that I wouldn't say I'm worried about, but it's definitely something that I'm thoughtfully considering, as well as I know my colleagues will be.","So how do you protect against that risk?","I do feel like that fear is overstated when it comes to the IPO tax. No. 1 - it's a very small tax. We're talking about 1. 5% on the immense wealth that'll be flowing in when these companies go public. I'm very interested in ensuring that we have a balanced economy here in San Francisco that includes a tech sector but also supports other sectors that haven't benefited from the same tax breaks.","Now, San Francisco is a city where a family of four earning $117,000 a year qualifies as low-income, according to the Department of Housing and Urban Development."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Explaining that the fear related to the IPO tax is overstated and that a balanced economy including other sectors should be supported","questions":"Which fear is overstated according to A?","answer":"IPO"}
{"text":["I will say that it has been the economic situation. Although, it looks good on paper, and it looks good theoretically. But the poverty is very high. We have seen that he has been closing all the public spaces and shut down any kind of politics. He has been arrested over than 80,000 Egyptians since 2013 to now. Dozens, hundreds of mass death sentence have been issued by his courts. Dozens have been executed every year. So there is unprecedented crackdown and unprecedented repressions that not even existed during the Mubarak era, which some people could say that Mubarak's era was a liberal era for Egypt if it's compared to what we have - we are living under now. Egypt is very fragile and far away from being stable.","We're hearing the call to prayer, of course, behind you. Did I hear you say that you might look back on the Mubarak era as a liberal, enlightened, progressive era for Egypt?","I would say that the significant differences between Mubarak and Sissi - Mubarak was a dictator. Let's agree on this. But there is a level of repression that actually will not cripple the state to function. And that was the situation under Mubarak. So the level of repression right now under Sissi really cripples the state of functioning.","Mr.  Zaree, does - near as you can tell, does President Sissi still have the support of the military who helped him gain power?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The level of repression makes it hard for the country to function on all levels.","questions":"How does the level of repression affect the country's functionality?","answer":"Cripples"}
{"text":["Chop, chop into smallish pieces.","OK.","Then you soften eight ounces of cream cheese, and you blend that with two-thirds of a cup of sour cream, get it all nice and smooth and then you spread that over the minced onion.","And you have the ambulance on speed dial, but yeah. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of turn (1) is to hurry up and finish the task quickly.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue implies a potential danger?","answer":"ambulance"}
{"text":["It's the most vegetal thing I've ever smelled.","Excellent. And we're going to add the ginger.","OK.","And then I got some mint. And then I got a little lime. OK, and then I'll do a little agave."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase \"the most vegetal thing\" in turn (1) is a metaphorical expression that means the smell is very fresh and green, like a vegetable, rather than literally smelling like a vegetable.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of the phrase \"the most vegetal thing\"?","answer":"Fresh"}
{"text":["Hey, how are you?","I am great. So, first of all we keep using the phrase G8. What is the G8?","The Group of Eight, which was for many years the Group of Seven, are the eight largest economies on the planet. So, the United States, Britain, France, Italy, Japan, and Russia are, for example, G8 countries.","So, when people from these nations meet, and talk about an African agenda, what do they bring to the table, and what's on the table this time around?","Well, I'll try not to give you a cynical answer, but basically the Group of Eight meet to discuss the world's economy, for the most part that's what they're supposed to be talking about. But over the last number of years there's been greater attention to the question of Africa, and issues of economic development. And there's been a lot of pressure on the Group of Eight, to come forward with financial assistance, changes in the relationship - economic relationships, in order to promote development. And so, once again that came to the table this time in addition to sort of a review of what the G8 has accomplished and not accomplished towards reducing poverty."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The G8 is a group of countries discussing the world's economy and development, not just seven or eight countries","questions":"Which topic dominated the discussions of the Group of Eight?","answer":"DEVELOPMENT"}
{"text":["Help us understand how - what life has been like in Venezuela over the past few years that's brought the country to this point.","Venezuela's shockingly misgoverned. It's hard to wrap your head around a country that has lost half of its GDP in five years without a war. That's worse economic performance than Syria. It's the - only the first case of hyperinflation in Latin America in the 21st century. Inflation is running at over 1 million percent a year, and prices are doubling every three weeks or so. And so what we've seen is a mass exodus. People have just walked - in many cases, actually walked - tens, hundreds of kilometers to the border of Colombia and Brazil to find a better life in neighboring countries.","So it's a first humanitarian crisis in South America in the 21st century. And neighboring countries have never seen anything like it. Colombia had to send a fact-finding team to the Turkish-Syrian border to figure out how to deal with an influx of hundreds of thousands of desperate, hungry people.","Can your reporters operate freely?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to wrap your head around something in this context means to understand something that is really horrible","questions":"How would you describe Venezuela's economic performance?","answer":"Shocking"}
{"text":["Why, over really a period of 25 years or so, have there been so many misadventures?How do you explain, for example, Iraq?How do you explain the lack of progress after so many years in Afghanistan?Why was the Libyan intervention unsuccessful?And I think the conclusion is is that the United States has focused more since the end of the Cold War not so much on defending against external threats but focusing more on the internal governance of foreign countries and trying to change it.","So rather than maintaining a strong defense in protecting our national interests, we've tended to promote democracy in other countries, we've engaged in nation-building exercises, we've engaged in regime change. And in most of those cases, we've been unsuccessful.","You were the U. S.  ambassador to Germany. Does the United States have - and you know the history - does the United States have no interest in preventing genocide and mass slaughter around the world?","I think genocide is probably the one case where we do have a responsibility. I mean, if it's real genocide and people are - there is mass murder, then I think we have a moral duty to intervene. But the problem is is that how you define that moral duty when it's not clearly genocide, when there's injustice, when there's discrimination, when, for instance, the young girls in Afghanistan can't go to school, that is not genocide."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The US has failed to achieve its goals by trying to impose its standards of democracy and governance on foreign countries.","questions":"How has the US attempted to change the governance of foreign countries?","answer":"Standards"}
{"text":["The inspector general also alleges that lucrative government contracts were given to friends and former colleagues of the bureau. And this isn't the first criticism by the inspector general of the Minerals Management office. Last year, that office was accused of making mistakes in the royalties that calculated for the industry. It saved companies more than 10 billion dollars. So, at the very least, this latest investigation gives ammunition to the people who say that the Bush administration is too close to the oil and gas industry.","And so, this directly affects taxpayers and consumers?","Well, you know, the head of the Minerals Management Agency says, no, that the agency has been collecting the proper amount of royalties, but the report says some oil companies were allowed to revise their payments downward after their contracts were finalized. And outsiders have to wonder why would the industry be giving gifts to employees of this agency, if they didn't want something in return?","OK. Still on oil, another story. OPEC announced it will be cutting production. What does that mean?","Well, they do want to cut production to keep the price high, but you know, Saudi Arabia said today that it isn't necessarily going to stick to those quotas and produce what the cartel imposed late on Tuesday. So, the prospect that Saudi Arabia might continue to crank out high levels of crude is pushing oil prices down, even as Hurricane Ike barrels down on the Gulf of Mexico."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The oil industry gave gifts to employees of the Minerals Management Agency in exchange for something.","questions":"What did the oil industry give to employees of the Minerals Management Agency?","answer":"Gifts"}
{"text":["Hmm. For - yeah, for all of us to take a look at.","Mm-hmm.","What made this an outstanding candidate?Just the story like that, for your. . .","To write about?Well, yeah. The things that I'm always looking for are things that have the quality, as you heard me say a few times, they make people laugh and then think. When you first see them, they're funny. You have almost no choice but to laugh. And then a few days later, you find it still rattling around in your head, and you just want to tell somebody about it. These are the things that really - they're funny mainly because they're so unexpected. There's something about them that you just - at first glance, it's beyond anything you ever had any reason to think about it, just - it's staggering. Maybe later on when you get used to it, it doesn't seem funny anymore, but at first glance. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asking why the candidate is outstanding, not just inquiring about the story","questions":"Which quality does PersonA look for in a candidate?","answer":"Unexpected"}
{"text":["Tony, it's been a long time.","It has been a long time.","It's good to hear your voice, my friend.","Listen, Gil, you were one of the official inauguration photographers traveling with the Biden motorcade yesterday, in front of the Capitol today. I guess I should ask you this, did you get the money shot you were looking for?","Well, I'm working with a great team of photographers too. We're with the obamaphotobook. com group. We're the official inaugural book photographers, and certainly, I encourage any of your listeners, if they took any photographs here in Washington, D. C.  or even at home, send them in. We may include those photographs in the book. It's obamaphotobook. com, and you know, yeah, I got some - I think some decent photographs.","But yesterday was a particularly wonderful day because there was only one photographer plus myself with the vice president. And then to everyone's surprised, the then-President-elect Obama showed up at the Biden event, and so we got some - I think some pretty good stuff."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is asking A if he got a good photograph of the inauguration","questions":"How many photographers were with PersonA and the Vice President during the inauguration?","answer":"Two"}
{"text":["The fear is magnified by a third factor, which is uncertainty, and the uncertainty level is enormous right now. We're really at the brink. People don't know - are we entering an inflationary environment or a deflationary environment?We really don't know what's going to happen. And the potential outcomes are so different and so huge in their consequences that there's just an enormous amount of uncertainty, and that magnifies the fear. People say, I don't want to play this game if I don't have any idea where it's going to head.","Haven't there been studies that show that people are more motivated by fear than by the lure of profit or the lure of gain?","Exactly. People are twice as afraid of taking a loss or afraid of the pain of taking a loss as they are of the feel of pleasure of taking a gain. So what you have in the markets is the effect where as stocks drop and people become more and more into negative territory, they're both afraid of taking the pain of a loss but at some point, as they're riding down, they're losing stocks, they capitulate. They finally throw in the towel and say, that's it. This is too much pain. I can't take it anymore. It's one explanation for why bull markets tend to be long and trending while bear markets like this are rapid and short.","So how do we get out of this?How do we get out of this negative feedback loop?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People are more afraid of losing than they are of gaining in the stock market.","questions":"Which factor magnifies the fear in the current situation?","answer":"Fear"}
{"text":["I think it had to because of the workers and the communities where you had all of these plants. But because it became a 60-percent owner - the U. S.  government owns 60 percent of General Motors as a result of the bankruptcy - they could have straightened that company out, but they were completely hands-off with the post-bankruptcy management. In retrospect, they had to save General Motors. But they could've laid down tougher conditions.","What do you think about when you see some of the accounts in recent weeks about General Motors concealing what seems to have been a major problem which led to injury and death?","Eternal vigilance of the regulator is required. And the auto safety agency fell down on the job. It's just that simple. I think now we're going to get stronger legislation as a result of the GM debacle. A lot of good will come from it, unfortunately because of these fatalities.","Ralph Nader. His new book \"Unstoppable: The Emerging Left-Right Alliance To Dismantle The Corporate State. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to explain or describe something, often to make a complex idea easier to understand or to create a vivid image in the listener's mind.","questions":"How did the speaker use language in turn 2?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":["No, he's not. I mean, you know, these Democratic candidates, it's essentially partisanship that's slipping in. You have them pretty split amongst the general election overall - Bernie Sanders, not very well-liked overall - 55%. And President Trump himself, his approval rating is only 41%, among the highest he's had for strongly disapproving at 45%. And it looks like a lot of the economic worries over the summer are starting to take a bit of a toll on him.","So does that mean that people think - clearly they have issues with his policies. According to your poll, does it mean they think he's going to lose?","Actually, no, (laughter) that's kind of surprising here that most Americans or more Americans think he's going to win reelection than lose by a 46%-to-37% margin. You know, people have a mostly positive outlook on the economy, and that really is buoying him right now.","We also have a result from a special election in North Carolina that we need to talk about. This was for the House seat that was up for grabs. The Republican won, but the margin of victory was still pretty small. And this was someone President Trump had campaigned for. What should he and his reelection team take from this, if anything?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The positive outlook is giving him the support he needs to continue campaigning.","questions":"What is giving him support to continue campaigning?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["Indeed, and the longer this regime stays, the bigger this possibility is. I think any solution to the Syrian crisis will have to assure the different communities in Syria, at the top of which are the Alawites of their future in the country. Many Alawites today do not feel that what the Bashar Assad is doing to their country is excusable. At the same time, they are afraid to basically jump the ship and go against him for fear of being, sort of, killed and massacred by the majority Sunnis in the country. And so a political process will have to address the aspirations, the needs, the fears of these different minority communities in Syria.","A political process we've seen very little of. There's nothing going on.","Not much. There is a U. N.  envoy, Mr.  Lakhdar Brahimi, who was both an U. N.  and Arab League envoy, who is trying, you know, to initiate such a process. But given, in my view, the fact that this regime looks at things in Syria as a zero-sum game, there is, indeed, a very little likelihood of the success of the political process.","Marwan Muasher, former foreign minister, deputy prime minister of Jordan, with us from studios at the Carnegie Endowment in Washington. Thanks very much for your time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There is a lack of progress in the political process for the Syrian crisis.","questions":"How would you describe the progress of the political process for the Syrian crisis?","answer":"Limited."}
{"text":["Please tell us, what are your feelings, in the wake of Charlottesville, about the statues of your ancestor?","Well, I'm a pastor. And one of the things that I automatically go to is this is a form of idolatry, very plain and simply. We have made an idol of Robert Edward Lee. We have made him an idol of white supremacy. We have made him an idol of nationalism and of bigotry and of hate and of racism. And that's unacceptable. And not only as a person of goodwill but as for me as a Christian, I can no longer sit by and allow my family's name to be used as hate-filled speech.","Pastor, I'd like to note that you have, since you have come out publicly and talked about this, been receiving threats. Can you tell me what's been going on?","Yeah. Well, the message boards are lit up with people saying that people who are speaking out against white supremacy, including myself, should be taken care of, whatever that means. And it's been hard. I mean, I'm a 24-year-old. I'm a pastor. I'm not a violent person. I don't condone violence in any form. And so to see that there are people who wish to be violent against me and my family, against my church community is terrifying."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  A's turn: \"We have made an idol of Robert Edward Lee. We have made him an idol of white supremacy. We have made him an idol of nationalism and of bigotry and of hate and of racism. And that's unacceptable.\"  The actual meaning of this turn is that the speaker believes that the way Robert Edward Lee is being celebrated is unacceptable, as it is a form of idolatry that promotes hate, racism, white supremacy, and nationalism.","questions":"Which type of speech is being used by people on message boards against those who speak out against white supremacy?","answer":"hate-filled"}
{"text":["And she had been through family illnesses and the death of her husband and all these things. But she said that the comment, the Don Imus comment about \"nappy-headed hoes,\" referring to her team at Rutgers, was the toughest thing she'd been through. How did you feel when that statement was made and hit the news?","I felt saddened again. I felt like, wow, are you serious?Like, here we are in 2007 and once again, I don't know if at times, we - and I say we, I don't know if black people or just we Californians or we some people - just feel like, wow, we've really passed that point. Like it doesn't really exist, or you don't experience it so much, that I guess when we do experience it, you're just like, you feel like you have to take another step back.","What do you see coming up?You've done modeling, been to the Olympics, you know, obviously you're a wife and mother. What do you see coming up for you?","I have the Lisa Leslie Basketball Academy, which is great because I never wanted to lend my name without being able to give back to the youth myself. And this is a place where the kids can come out and play. And they will be able to learn and go through drills. And I also have a camp. Also I see me doing public speaking. I really think that our youth needs to hear positive stories like mine, and just see that it doesn't matter what your situation is at home."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Don Imus comment caused emotional pain to the coach and her team","questions":"Which team was referred to as \"nappy-headed hoes\" by Don Imus?","answer":"Public-speaking"}
{"text":["Does an event like this and forecast like that have the effect of concentrating the mind of not just financial planners. . .",". . . but people in Congress making these decisions. And I hear a little laugh.","You would think it would. And in the past, it has. I mean, as they gotten closer to the deadline, enough fear spread that they could pass something or do something or kick the can or whatever. But this time, one of the things that makes this time feel different is that there really are a lot of House Republicans who say, ah, let it default. It'll just shrink the government, will be all good. And it is an act of - I don't even know how to describe it. It's insanity.","Yeah. Well, Austan Goolsbee, I believe, used that word. Quick last question, if we could. So, October 17th is a real deadline but you think some of the effects, potentially, will be down the road."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The phrase \"kick the can\" is a metaphorical expression meaning to delay dealing with a problem. Additionally, the phrase \"let it default\" is a figurative expression meaning to allow the United States to default on its debts.","questions":"What does the phrase \"let it default\" mean?","answer":"Default"}
{"text":["People go armed with treats and halters, and so they're able to catch them. And, you know, mostly, if you're calm, the horses stay calm.","Horses eat a lot, don't they?How do you care for every one?","Sure thing. Well, many of us were able to grab hay and some supplies as we were evacuating our barn. So we came with food and some items in hand. But the local seed stores have been donating all kinds of hay and shavings and pellets. So we have had, again, tremendous support from the local community, making sure that every horse here is fed.","Can you smell the smoke, see the fire?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The horses can be tamed and controlled if people approach them calmly and gently.","questions":"How can horses be easily controlled and tamed?","answer":"Gently"}
{"text":["Whatever the achievements of American technology at every level, is there a central bank game gap between the U. S.  and other nations?","The Federal Reserve in the U. S.  has a few games. They're pretty simple, I would say. They're effective in a way but they are not, I think, as modern. And they do a job but perhaps something that wouldn't entice the future central bankers of tomorrow.","Do you learn something from these games?","I do. I learn a little bit. There's another game that the ECB created called \"Top Floor,\" where you are charged with traveling up a series of elevators to the top floor of the ECB building. I did learn a lot about the interactions between national central banks and the ECB, for what it's worth, in playing this game. So, I suppose that's a job done. Would I rather play \"Angry Birds\"?Yes, of course. But I would probably not learn as much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) A: The Federal Reserve in the U.S. has a few games. They're pretty simple, I would say. They're effective in a way but they are not, I think, as modern. And they do a job but perhaps something that wouldn't entice the future central bankers of tomorrow.","questions":"Which game did PersonA learn about the interactions between national central banks and the ECPersonB from?","answer":"Top-Floor"}
{"text":["With us now, author and economist Julianne Malveaux, she is president of Bennett College. Welcome, Dr.  Malveaux.","Greetings, Farai. How are you?","I'm doing well, but some people aren't. And let's talk about these figures and really, what is shifting in our economy right now in terms of the different sectors where people are losing these tens of thousands of jobs?","Well, people are looking ahead and they're very uncertain, and that's what we see in markets. We see people laying people off. We also have some challenge in financial market. Certainly, the Bear Stearns' crisis raises all kinds of questions. The housing market, of course, we've talked about that on this program several times, but the fact is that we see a stagnancy. We don't see growth. We see houses that are overvalued. Lots of people in mortgage crisis. People who bought homes within the last five years finding that they overpaid for their homes and they couldn't sell them in what they paid for them, so they're stuck. That removes liquidity."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Certainly, the Bear Stearns' crisis raises all kinds of questions.\" - The literal meaning is a statement about the impact of the Bear Stearns crisis on the financial market. The implied meaning is that the Bear Stearns' crisis has resulted in uncertainty and questions about the stability of the financial market.","questions":"How does the Bear Stearns' crisis impact the financial market?","answer":"uncertainty"}
{"text":["And they would need 60 votes to do that bill, which means they would need at least eight Democrats and probably more to come on board to essentially re-pass some form of health care legislation to offer insurance to people on the individual market. I think realistic people in this debate on both sides of the equation say that is the most unrealistic option at this stage.","Do you hear any concern from Republican leaders or individual Republican legislators about the public opinion polls that suggest that the Republican health care proposals are extravagantly unpopular, less than 20 percent?","They are fully aware of how unpopular this legislation is. But I will tell you, Scott, every single conversation I have had with a Republican lawmaker on Capitol Hill is they say not doing anything on health care - letting this bill fail - is the worst possible political outcome because it is the singular thing that they have all campaigned on. It is the reason why they believe they have congressional majorities in the White House. And to fail on that would completely deflate the Republican base and structurally weaken the party going into the midterm elections.","But Mitch McConnell at the same time can't pull some Democrats over with a plan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Is it possible for Mitch McConnell to get support from Democrats for a plan?","questions":"Which Republican lawmakers have expressed concerns about the worst political outcome regarding the health care legislation?","answer":"Every"}
{"text":["Well, the curfew has now been in place, you know, almost 36 hours. There are checkpoints every 300 meters. One of my Iraqi friends actually turned around to me and said, this feels like it was during the height of the invasion and the occupation of Iraq in. . .","Wow.",". . . 2003, 2004. It feels like, with so many soldiers out on the street, all that's changed is that the uniforms have changed. It's not American anymore. It's Iraqi.","Impossible to know where this might go next, of course, but in terms of the strategy that may be emerging among protesters, can you tell whether these seem organized?Are there leaders who are calling the direction of where things may go next?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The friend is referring to the most prominent moment and time of the invasion.","questions":"What moment is the friend referring to?","answer":"Invasion"}
{"text":["Even though the Jews lived with the Poles for 1,000 years. And today, the history of the Jews and the Jewish experience is not really considered Polish experience.","I'd like to talk about the new Polish law which prohibits using the phrase Polish death camps. What does that mean for you as a guide and as a historian?","I think this is not really the biggest concern that we have regarding this law. There are many organizations. There are many institutions. There are many wonderful people who've been trying to fight against using this expression Polish death camps. The point is, however, that this - and this is what we are really concerned about - that this new law will possibly suppress genuine research and also open discussion about the truth and whether we are allowed to talk about our dark past openly.","What is the truth?What is the truth that you study and that you have talked about?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Jewish experience is not considered Polish experience","questions":"Which experience is not considered Polish experience?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Yeah, I was looking for connection - that kind of familial intimacy that I just still didn't have. As a teenager, I went out into the world armed with my guitar and my little songs and my aggressive eye contact. And I was looking to connect with somebody else deeply.","It's so interesting - right?- that you did. You craved it. And as a result, you really looked for people's eyes. You wanted that moment of intimacy. Was it because you felt like you were an outsider in some way?","I was lonely. And yet I realized something - recording the audiobook. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : By connection, the narrator means to bring the audience and himself together. ","questions":"Which moment did the narrator want to achieve?","answer":"Intimacy"}
{"text":["Now, the big moment has come for Andy Murray and, of course, the hopes of all Britain are riding on him. He plays Novak Djokovic. What do you think's going to happen?","Well, I picked Novak Djokovic to win but these two, there's really very little to separate them. The pressure on Andy Murray, the pressure on this entire country to finally break the curse of not having a men's major champion at Wimbledon - the last champion to win here was Fred Perry in 1936. The women a little bit better; Virginia Wade in 1977. But the hopes and dreams of this country - it's so personal here - is to finally have a champion. And Andy Murray lost last year to Roger Federer. This year he's got a chance, but he's going up against the best player in the world. It's not going to be easy. He's going to have the entire crowd supporting him but at the same time, he's got a huge task in going up against Novak Djokovic, who's played in eight of the last - I'm sorry, now nine of the last 12 major championships. He's the best player going. Andy Murray has a huge, huge task in front of him.","Thanks very much, Howard.","No, my pleasure. I could watch tennis all day. It's the best.","Howard Bryant of ESPN. com and ESPN the Magazine, on the line from Wimbledon."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be indirectly suggesting a course of action or solution to a problem without explicitly stating it.","questions":"What course of action is the speaker indirectly suggesting in turn 4?","answer":"Course"}
{"text":["Well, how did they react to you as a person?I mean, you're a glamorous Los Angelina, and so what did they think when you showed up?","I think that it's interesting, because I was in a program called Cross-cultural Solutions, where they send volunteers to different areas. I was the first African-American that had been at this school. So I think they were confused. I mean, and these people in the town, they were just like are you from Ghana?Or are you Yabo(ph)?Yabo is a foreigner, and most likely, more than usually, a white foreigner. But I had a couple of people call me Yabo.","But they would sort of ask like where are you from, and one of the program's administrators would have to explain, she's an ancestor of Africans, and then they would say, oh, okay. So it was definitely some confusing sort of looks that I got.","But the kids were - you know, kids are very, you know, easy to sort of get along with. These kids were, you know, absolutely adorable. They didn't understand what I was saying a lot of the time, but they really connected to me. I mean, I would bring bubbles and jumping ropes and stuff like that, stuff that they had never seen before. So, you know, I was quite popular at the school, I have to say. I mean, particularly with my bubbles, that brought even the junior-high-school kids out\u2026","Oh, I'm sure."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The subject is actually from Los Angeles where as the reply is regarding an African","questions":"What program was the subject a part of where they were the first African-American at the school?","answer":"Cross-cultural-Solutions"}
{"text":["Back now with Day to Day and our conversation with Iranian author Azar Nafisi. I spoke with her about her new memoir.","The title of your book is \"Things I've Been Silent About,\" and one of those things that you've been silent about until now was being sexually abused at a very young age. You were six years old, when a cleric who was visiting your house molested you, and you allude to other men also abusing you later. How did you come to terms with that, and how are you able to write about it?","He was not a cleric; he was a very religious man.","(Laughing) He was maybe worse than some clerics actually."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to be silent about something is to not talk about something, or to keep something a secret","questions":"Which phrase describes the title of Azar Nafisi's book?","answer":"Sexually."}
{"text":["Well again, our hearts go out to the Hudson family. I wanted to bring up one more thing though, which is that, you know, Friday night is, in happy terms for a lot of kids, the night of ghouls and goblins. But there are these sex offender registries that reveal that in most of our neighborhoods there are people who have been convicted of crimes, including attacking children.","So Missouri enacted a law restricting convicted sex offenders on Halloween, and convicted sex crime offenders would be prohibited from leaving their homes between 5 P. M.  and 10:30. They would also have to hang a sign on their door that says no candy or treats at this residence. But a federal judge temporarily blocked the curfew for this Friday. The case is still in appeal. So what was it about this law that didn't pass the smell test for the judge?","It was vague and over broad. That's what didn't pass the smell test. What is just cause?They say that they - a sex offender can leave for just cause. So how do you define just cause?Is that a trip to the pharmacy to get some Aspirin, or does it have to be a medical emergency?","And also, they are saying Halloween-related contact with children, does that mean a man - and I believe that was one of the four sex offenders who brought this says, I have a nephew ,or a son or something that's living in my house, does that mean I cannot carve a pumpkin in my own home with my child?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when hearts go out is said in this context it usually means you're in my thoughts, or I'm thinking of you","questions":"How are sex offenders restricted on Halloween in Missouri?","answer":"curfew"}
{"text":["Exactly.","OK.  Go on. So after two weeks, what happens?","Well, she defies the ban. And as she was docking in the port, the ship rammed a small police boat that was blocking her - caused some damage, but no injuries. But she was arrested, and she was charged with what prosecutors actually claim was an act of war. Rackete also faces charge of abetting illegal immigration, and the NGO could face a fine of up to $57,000.","What does she say - the captain?Does she say, I was just - I needed to dock the ship?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"could face\" a fine of up to $57,000 implies could be presented with a fine of up to $57,000","questions":"Which NGO could face a fine of up to $57,000?","answer":"NGO"}
{"text":["One of the groups that helped push Trump over the top in Indiana was white evangelicals. The question is now that Kasich and Cruz are out of the race, will Republican evangelical voters coalesce around Trump in the general election?We're joined by Russell Moore. He's the president of the Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention. Thanks so much for joining us.","Good to be with you.","Now, in many ways, Ted Cruz really, I think, bet his campaign on the evangelical vote. He was hoping to capture the vote in many of the early primary states. He certainly was banking on it in Indiana - didn't happen for him. Why wasn't he able to?","Well, I think there are a number of reasons. I think one of the reasons is evangelicals are just as susceptible to trends in the country as the rest of the population. And if you look at the exit polling on evangelicals, you'll find that churchgoing evangelicals, people who actually attend worship services, were much less likely to support Donald Trump than were people who just nominally affiliate themselves with evangelical Christianity."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that there are several reasons why Ted Cruz wasn't able to capture the evangelical vote, and one of those reasons is that churchgoing evangelicals were less likely to support Donald Trump than those who just nominally affiliate themselves with evangelical Christianity.","questions":"How were churchgoing evangelicals different from those who just nominally affiliate themselves with evangelical Christianity in terms of supporting Donald Trump?","answer":"Nominal"}
{"text":["What about the SPF factor?Does SPF 30 protect you twice as much as, say, SPF 15 and half as much as 60?","Great question. So it's - actually the way that the studies are done it's a little bit confusing because an SPF of 15 protects you from 93 percent of UVB rays, and it's only UVBs that SPF actually tells you about. Now, an SPF of 30 is going to protect you from 97 percent of those UVB rays. And when you get up to 50, you're only protecting yourself from 98 percent. So you can notice it's partial percentage points differences. . .","Yeah.",". . . between that 30 to 50. And when you get up to that 100 range, it's even a smaller difference, and that's the reason why the FDA is going to release new guidelines for rules of how we're going to label our sunscreens. And it's going to finally happen this December, so that we're not actually be able to have a sunscreen higher than 50 because it really gives people a false sense of security when they're using those higher numbers when they're really not getting that as much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Sunscreen with an SPF higher than 50 gives people a false sense of security.","questions":"What is the reason for the FDPersonA's new guidelines on labeling sunscreens?","answer":"false"}
{"text":["Absolutely. I played hockey starting when I was 3, 4 years old, loved to go see the Canucks here in my hometown and, you know, certainly not only saw a lot of fights but kind of internalized the message that they were inherently good and valuable to the game of hockey.","And what happened that changed your view of the fighting?","So I went to a junior hockey game here in Vancouver. And it was just a regular night out with the boys, Friday night, drinking some beers, sat down in my seventh row seat. And it was one of those games where the gloves beat the puck to the ice. So there's a fight before the game even starts. And the crowd rises up around me. There's this guttural thunder. You hear it. And usually I would have been right there kind of cheering it along or not really paying it much mind.","But for some reason in that moment, I really zoned in on the two players' faces, and in that moment realized they're just children, and had to ask myself in that moment, what are we doing?We're 10,000 adults in a big room cheering for two kids to pulverize each other's faces. And I looked at the program, indeed - 16 and 17 years old. I've never been able to look at fighting the same since. But it would be a lie to say that there aren't a lot of people who are hockey fans who sincerely love this practice and this tradition."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It was a game where the players fought with each other more than played the game.","questions":"How did the crowd react when the players fought before the game even started?","answer":"good"}
{"text":["Well, I think his biggest mistake was that he was a very strict controller of how the theory was handled by his disciples. In other words, he permitted no deviation or modification of his theory or methods, and he didn't encourage any research to empirically validate his theory. So basically, people that followed him and embraced his theory had to take it on faith.","A somewhat lesser-known figure I found fascinating to read about, Dr.  Benjamin Rush, the only doctor to sign the Declaration of Independence. I guess he's known as the father of American psychiatry. But I've got to tell you after reading about him, I wonder why a pretty good medical school is named after him.","Again, we have to understand that to view things through the lens of the 21st century, it puts things in a really - a different light. Benjamin Rush was a physician, and what he did was to really take seriously the plight of people who were mentally ill. He wasn't a psychiatrist. He was a physician. The problem is is that the knowledge was so limited at the time, they really weren't able to gain any traction in understanding the underlying basis of severe mental illnesses. And so they came up with these ideas and these treatments that now seem to be either cockamamie or cruel.","Yeah. Psychiatry over the years has been back and forth on if mental disorder - for example, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia - is inherited."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"father of American psychiatry\" - This is a figurative expression that refers to Dr. Benjamin Rush's significant contributions to the field of psychiatry. It does not mean that he was literally the biological father of psychiatry in America.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of \"father of American psychiatry\"?","answer":"contributions"}
{"text":["But well. . .","If you go through the list of Obama people, the top four, five, six people had not just worked in presidential campaigns before, but they worked in that critical area which gets very little attention, but is absolutely essential, and that's called field operations. It means going into states, setting up shop, organizing, getting people door knocking, getting people calling and getting delegate victories.","These people knew how to win campaigns on a local level. Importantly, very significant figures had a lot of experience in Iowa. He set his sights on winning Iowa very early.","What I found fascinating in doing this reporting is that both campaigns had the same Plan A. The Plan A was, win the first four states, attain a political victory, and not be out of personnel."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Plan A\" - The literal meaning of Plan A is the primary plan or strategy for achieving a particular goal. However, in this context, it implies the shared strategy of both campaigns to win the first four states and avoid personnel shortages, indicating the high stakes of the early primary elections.","questions":"How does the shared strategy of both campaigns relate to the early primary elections?","answer":"Field"}
{"text":["A Russian activist has shared a secret video clip that shows two of the Pussy Riot members who were arrested being interrogated. A furious policeman shouts, sometimes I regret that it's not 1937 - the time called the Great Terror in Russia under Josef Stalin, in which a million or more people were executed.","Pussy Riot knows the score. They live and strive in a country where activists, dissidents, artists and reporters can suffer for their bravery, and they went ahead with their action anyway, just below Vladimir Putin's cold smile. Pussy Riot are champions.","(Singing) Big smile for the camera. It's always on. It's all in the protocol. They tapped my phone. Golden idols holding rivals. Take my body, anybody. I'm your trophy. Make my nose bleed. Now you own me. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could die. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could cry. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could cry. Everybody's doing the same thing, and it makes me happy, yeah. It makes me happy, yeah. Oh, my God.","Pussy Riot."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The policeman is expressing a desire to execute the Pussy Riot members, as he regrets not being able to do so in a time when millions were executed under Stalin's regime.","questions":"Which group did the policeman express his desire to execute?","answer":"Pussy"}
{"text":["Do the crime, do the time, that's the old line, right?But convicted perpetrators are still afforded basic human rights while serving out their debt to society. The Southern Center for Human Rights recently filed suit on behalf of a group of prisoners in Decatur, Alabama. The presiding judge describes the county jail as, quote, \"A Slave Ship. \"There, the sheriff is accused of starving his prisoners so he could pocket the profits off a lean kitchen budget. Joining us is Lisa Kung, the executive director of the Southern Center for Human Rights. Hi, Lisa.","Hi, how are you?","I'm good. So this case has just stunned people across the world. I couldn't believe it myself when I read about it. But I understand that there is a Depression-era law on the books that made this kind of profiteering legal. Tell us about the law and the details of the case.","Sure. That's right. Alabama has this arrangement where the state pays $1. 75 a day to the sheriffs - directly to the sheriffs for every person they have in his or her jail. Now, you and I know it's hard enough to come up with three meals a day for $1. 75, and what makes Alabama special is that it allows these sheriffs to take any of the money that they don't spend on food and put it straight into their own pocket."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The profiteering of sheriffs from prisoners' budget is a legal but shocking reality in Alabama","questions":"What is the Depression-era law in Alabama that enables sheriffs to make a profit from prisoners' food budget?","answer":"Depression-era"}
{"text":["So to set the stage for this, the Democrat at the head of the House Intelligence Committee says that Joseph Maguire - now, he's the acting director of national intelligence - says that he's been instructed by a higher authority to not turn over the complaint. In your view, is that valid?","Well, under the statute, it is not. But the question then becomes, what is the proper role of the IG?And is the IG simply a free agent within the executive branch of the government, responsible to no one?- which would be a strange situation.","So what I'm telling you, Audie, is that this issue, if pushed to the limit - which it looks like it's going to be - raises the question of whether the - there's a separation of powers issue here. The IG has to be something other than a free agent. He was put in place under a statute designed to assist the Congress in its oversight role, but he's not a congressional employee. He's not a congressional - he's not a legislative employee.","But he is a watchdog, no?And should that. . .","He's a watchdog."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They are asking if the person watches over other's actions and controls them.","questions":"How would you describe the role of the person being discussed in the conversation?","answer":"Watchdog"}
{"text":["You know, I think really when it comes to animal agriculture and pork production specifically, we've always been about open and fair markets and open trade. We know that when there's a level playing field and we have an opportunity to be able to compete with other pork producers worldwide, we continue to gain market share because we are good.","When we have tariffs, these retaliatory tariffs, obviously somebody else has an advantage over us. And especially in China here right now, obviously we've got two 25% tariffs that add up to a 50%, along with the 12% that they charge everybody. That's a 62% tariff. Well, that puts us out of the market, makes us uncompetitive.","Well, with this announcement out of the White House, kind of unexpectedly just in the past week, I mean, do you kind of feel like there's a game of chicken going on, and you're caught in the middle?","Well, let's be very realistic. The real issue at first was steel and aluminum tariffs, which the tariffs were put on Mexico. They retaliated against the United States, and our product was at a 20% tariff rate. And really that was worth about $12 per head. And that $12 came out of my and other pork producers' pocket. So that was the first one."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : level playing field implies that all things rightly set in place or things happening as supposed and not a football field ","questions":"What does the term \"level playing field\" refer to?","answer":"Fairness"}
{"text":["So I do miss it, but you know, I don't miss it enough to go back anytime soon. I'm not going to volunteer.","When you think about the losses, people who have been killed and some of the ones who've been profoundly injured in ways where they'll never lead an independent life again, do you ever ask yourself the question: Is it worth it?Is that a question you ask yourself?","No, I can never ask that question. Because if I do, then I'll start doubting my orders and doubting my job. But I will tell you this: Up to the point to where we caught Saddam Hussein, you know, one life is too many to lose, but it was worth the lives up until that point. So from that point on to now, as long as catch bin Laden, we free people, and we do our jobs, it'll be worth it. I'm not saying that we should have any American young men and women killed, but as long as we get the job done, then that's the sacrifice we have to make, even if it takes my own.","Well, Jeremiah, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : When you think about the losses, people who have been killed and some of the ones who've been profoundly injured in ways where they'll never lead an independent life again, do you ever ask yourself the question: Is it worth it? Is that a question you ask yourself?","questions":"What is the question that PersonB asks PersonA about the losses?","answer":"Worth"}
{"text":[". . . instead of across.","So what makes the rise now when that. . .","So the rise, yeah, you can do - it's what?2:30 on a Friday, you have a half drunk cup of coffee on your desk, just move it away from the computer, give it a stir and what you'll see, if you stir strong enough, that you'll develop a depression in the middle of the coffee cup, and it will rise up on the sides.","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the speaker is using a metaphor to describe a physical phenomenon. They are not actually suggesting that the coffee is experiencing emotions like depression, but rather that the act of stirring the coffee creates a depression in the middle and a rise on the sides.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the coffee's reaction to stirring?","answer":"Depression"}
{"text":["And you basically called this a zero sum game?","That's right. You have these bad assets, and what we're doing is moving them around from one place in our society, in our economy, to another. It doesn't change the nature of the losses. The banks lent money in a bubble. The bubble is broken. Collateral value of the assets is limited, and these are bad assets now. Now, it's not quite a zero row sum game, because if we have bad incentives, which result when you have a misalignment between ownership and control, when you provide insurance, you can have a negative sum game.","And I think that's the real worry that we are about to wind up in a negative sum game.","So given what the banks are facing now, what would you suggest?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The banks lent money to people and other banks without anyone knowing or monitoring them.","questions":"How did the banks end up with bad assets?","answer":"Bubble"}
{"text":["And now we're going to move from talking with mental health experts to someone who has lived addiction. Jonny W.  lost almost everything to a gambling addiction. Thank you for coming in and being with us.","Thank you for having me here today.","Well, you know, let's start at the beginning. When did you start gambling?","Mr.  W. : Well, I started at the ripe old age of about 12-years-old. And at that particular time, it was just a matter of fun and hanging out with my friends."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Gambling was just a fun activity with friends at age 12.","questions":"Which activity did Jonny W. start at the age of 12?","answer":"Gambling"}
{"text":["Delbert Spurlock thinks the troops are paying for decisions made by political leaders. He helped rebuild the Army under President Reagan as the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Manpower and Reserve Affairs. Today, he says the way troops are selected and prepared for service shows the U. S.  Army is broken.","Most importantly, it can no longer recruit and retain the caliber of young men and women who are necessary to carry out the functions which the Army is compelled by our policy-makers to deal with.","The Army itself really is not large enough to take care of the missions integral even to the War in Iraq. We have been forced in this conflict to rely on contract mercenaries, Blackwaters of the world. But our Army, for a century or more, has been, in whole, a moral force for good.","It's a deterrent force, and now it has lost the moral authority gained over a century."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"It's a deterrent force, and now it has lost the moral authority gained over a century\" implies that the U.S. Army has historically been seen as a moral force for good, but that recent actions or decisions have undermined this perception and led to a loss of moral authority.","questions":"What has the U.S. Army lost over a century according to turn 3?","answer":"Moral"}
{"text":["Yeah. They're like, oh, my God. Make that face again. That's so funny. But it's not like that. And the reason I talked about it and shared when I did was because there started to be all these compilations of my tics that were made by the fans, which they just thought it was, like, goofy Billie is making a bunch of faces. And they're funny. Let's make a video about it, which is, of course, out of love. And they think that's funny. And they didn't - they don't know, you know?","O'CONNELL: Especially if they think you're doing them on purpose, then it's totally out of love.","They think I'm doing it on purpose. But I felt almost, like, attacked in a way, which was kind of stupid. But it's something like I've lived with my whole life and, like, not been open about because I didn't want it to label me, you know?","Sure, you don't want the whole - that to be the second sentence of every every paragraph about you."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"But I felt almost, like, attacked in a way, which was kind of stupid.\" - The implied meaning here is that Billie is feeling defensive about her tics and is hurt by the fans' reaction.","questions":"How did Billie feel about the fans' reaction to her tics?","answer":"Attacked"}
{"text":["Both the trains slowed. I was standing there with my bag over my shoulder, ready to jump. It was windy. It was cold. It was kind of getting dark. And so they finally lined up the cars correctly, and I was told to run across the loose rocks and jump on to the other train.","The conductor on the other train pulled me on to that car. Once I was onboard, another conductor came through the car, and she said to me, don't get up when we get to Milwaukee. What I heard from her was don't get up, or I will kill you. I did not move the rest of the trip.","So I get to Saint Paul. I'm looking for my brother. He's late. So he gets there, and I ask him, why were you late?And he says, well, I checked the train schedule, and it said it was running behind. Oh, that was because of me.","A travel nightmare with a happy ending from Anne Fleury in Milwaukee. Send us your stories, please. Go to weekendeditionsaturday@npr. org. Click on contact. Put Travel Nightmare at the top of your message."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The situation was dangerous and Anne was scared.","questions":"How did Anne feel during the train journey?","answer":"Scared"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Well, we'll see what happens with the movie end of it.","Black Francis. He's written a new novel - if that's what you call it - together with Josh Frank and illustrated by Steven Appleby, \"The Good Inn. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks a lot. I really appreciate talking to you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"We'll see what happens with the movie end of it.\" This is an idiomatic expression that means they will wait and see how the movie turns out in the future, rather than simply observing it with their eyes.","questions":"Which expression did PersonA use to convey that they will wait and see how the movie turns out in the future?","answer":"Idiomatic"}
{"text":["Ms.  LYNNE D.  JOHNSON (Blogger, fastcompany. com): Hi, how are you, Farai?","I'm great so, just quickly describe the video blog post for listeners who've not seen it.","Oh boy.","Well, it's basically something done as parody - described as parody in black face. Probably the most stereotypical depiction of a black person, an imagined black tech blogger with dreadlock wig, and speaking in a slang and talking about a website, called, you know about hos, or something like that. Hos and area codes. And so, a year ago, you know, people found this totally offensive, but it was in the - as you said in the insular web 2. 0 world, in the web community, people on Huffington Post, and PodTech heard some of the backlash and decided to not associate with Loren Feldman."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The video blog post was racist and offensive.","questions":"How would you describe the video blog post?","answer":"Parody"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Well, we'll see what happens with the movie end of it.","Black Francis. He's written a new novel - if that's what you call it - together with Josh Frank and illustrated by Steven Appleby, \"The Good Inn. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks a lot. I really appreciate talking to you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  B: Black Francis. He's written a new novel - if that's what you call it - together with Josh Frank and illustrated by Steven Appleby, \"The Good Inn.\"  The phrase \"if that's what you call it\" in this turn is an idiomatic expression that means \"it's not exactly what you would typically refer to as a novel.\" So, while the literal meaning of the sentence is that Black Francis has written a new novel with co-authors and an illustrator, the actual meaning is that the work in question may not fit the typical definition of a novel.","questions":"What did Black Francis write?","answer":"Novel"}
{"text":["Well, this, of course, has been something people have been looking for for a long time. Family members of those who were killed are calling it a victory. Fred Guttenberg, father of Jaime Guttenberg said - this is a quote from him - he said, \"he could have saved my daughter, and he didn't. May he rot in hell. \"Jaime Guttenberg was one of the last to be shot that day, and so that's some pretty raw feelings here about all this.","What we heard from a - the current sheriff in Broward County, Gregory Tony, said it's never too late to - for accountability and justice. He also fired another officer who was involved at the school today, as well. He's not charged. And we heard from Florida Department of Law Enforcement head Rick Swearingen who said there can be no excuse for Peterson's complete inaction and no question that his inaction cost lives.","That's NPR's Greg Allen in Miami. Thank you for your reporting.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The family members of the killed victims are happy to see that the offender is finally being held accountable for his actions.","questions":"How are the family members feeling about the offender being held accountable?","answer":"Victory"}
{"text":["I just wonder if we could close by you just telling me a few things about Jason, what you remember most fondly about him.","When I think about Jason, I think about his smile. He was a beautiful child. And the worst thing about this whole situation is I know in my heart he shouldn't be dead. It is horrible that we lose the soldiers that we have to; it's a tragedy when we lose a soldier that we shouldn't have, and Jason shouldn't be dead.","Chris Scheuerman, talking about his son Jason, who committed suicide in Iraq in 2005. In the 13 months since we first talked, Chris has continued to advocate for suicide prevention in the military. He testified on Capitol Hill and recently spoke at a Department of Defense conference on suicide prevention. We asked the Army for a comment on Jason Scheuerman's case when we first aired this story, and this is the written statement they sent.","(Reading) The loss of any member of the Army family is a tragedy, and suicide prevention is a top priority for the U. S.  Army. The 2005 death of Private First Class Jason Scheuerman was investigated thoroughly by his unit and by the U. S.  Army Criminal Investigation Command. In fact, the Associated Press's story about his 2005 death is based on the Army's comprehensive investigations. We continue to work with and assist his family. We are continuously improving and adapting our training, intervention and support programs. The Army recognizes the importance of suicide prevention and is taking many steps to decrease those risks that may contribute to suicidal behavior. Our prevention efforts do help soldiers and their families deal with the wartime challenges they face every day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The statement \"I know in my heart he shouldn't be dead,\" actual meaning a deep sense of sadness and loss over Jason's death, and wishes that he were still alive.","questions":"What was the worst thing about the whole situation for A?","answer":"sadness"}
{"text":["And how do you?","So what we found works the best is you need champions within that community. You need strong, influential voices that are going to say we need to accept these girls and women back, and the children. These are victims, it was not their fault. They're part and parcel of our society. So what we do is we identify not just the traditional religious and community leaders, but also those who have an influential voice amongst the women in particular in the community, so that they can become those carriers of the messages that these girls, these women, they deserve our support. They deserve our acceptance back. And then we can open up community dialogues so that people - we can't just dismiss that communities have fear. We must address it head on and allow communities to express those fears, but with religious and traditional leaders providing that voice of reason and tolerance so that these girls and women can come back into their communities.","Rachel Harvey of UNICEF in Nigeria. Thanks for joining us.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is expressing appreciation for the opportunity of being able to discuss the issue.","questions":"What is the emotion conveyed by the speaker in turn 3?","answer":"Emotion"}
{"text":["Yeah, and that sounds a little anthropomorphic. I mean, they live in those reservoir hosts inconspicuously. Obviously viruses don't have purposes, so it's not their purpose to hide, but they disappear. They go somewhere where we can't find them.","Scientists - Ebola spilled over for the first time in 1976, and scientists still don't know what the reservoir host of Ebola is.","If you want to get in on the conversation, ask David Quammen a question, it's 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. Now these are called zoonosis, is that - did I get that right?","That's right, yeah, zoonoses. A zoonosis is an animal infection that's transmissible to humans. It might or might not cause disease in humans. Sometimes these things spill over, and they become innocent passenger viruses in humans. But if the zoonosis spills over and does cause disease, then we call that a zoonotic disease. And about 60 percent of our infectious diseases are zoonotic."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Scientists have been studying Ebola for decades, but they still haven't identified its reservoir host.","questions":"How long have scientists been studying Ebola's reservoir host?","answer":"Decades"}
{"text":["Well, it was a a very powerful scene. Francis stood with his head bowed in prayer next to the Armenian apostolate patriarch and a group of black hooded Orthodox bishops while musicians performed a mournful melody on an ancient Armenian flute that's called the duduk. Here's what it sounds like.","The memorial itself is very impressive - 12 tall, slanted slabs of rock that suggest figures in mourning in a circle around an eternal flame. Francis prayed, and then he wrote in the memorial guest book, here I pray with pain in my heart so that never again will there be tragedies like this. He went on - may God protect the memory of the Armenian people. Memory should never be watered down or forgotten. Memory is the source of peace and the future. And I've heard a lot of Armenians who are mostly Orthodox express admiration and thanks that the leader of the Catholic Church acknowledges their history and loyalty to the Christian faith.","Before the pope landed in Yerevan, I gather he met with reporters on the plane. And he was asked about the subject of the past couple of days - Britain's exit from the European Union. What did he say?","Well, he looked very pensive, and he said this was the will of the people. He added this requires a great responsibility on the part of all of us to guarantee the good of the people of the United Kingdom and also the good and coexistence of the entire European continent."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : He added this requires a great responsibility on the part of all of us to guarantee the good of the people of the United Kingdom and also the good and coexistence of the entire European continent. - This implies that all of us have a responsibility to ensure a positive outcome for both the UK and the EU.","questions":"How does the statement imply responsibility?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["Happens to be benched. What do you make of this?I think Vince's issues I think are quite different from Tarvaris. I think there was a lot of pressure on Vince from the time he came out of Texas to kind of be the black Johnny Unitas, and he's going to - they'll both have an opportunity to sit and watch, and hopefully come back with a vengeance.","One really quick other black quarterback not in the league at the moment, in Atlanta, Michael Vick. Is Matt Ryan, the replacement, making Atlanta Falcon fans forget Michael Vick?","I wouldn't say that. Maybe that first week he did, but there will only be one Michael Vick. Remember, Tony, Michael Vick was the most exciting quarterback in the NFL, and there's still talk and anticipation of him playing when he gets out.","All right. Let's move on to baseball because we're moving into the time of the year, at least for me, when baseball really becomes interesting. This year we had a couple of blockbuster trades involving Manny Ramirez going from Boston to the Dodgers, and we also had C. C. Sabathia going from the Cleveland Indians to the Milwaukee Brewers, and they turned their respective teams around. So, the question is, are they - should they be considered as MVP candidates even though they've only been there a short time?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being benched implies temporary substitution and inactiveness,  not being seated in a bench ","questions":"What does being benched imply?","answer":"inactive"}
{"text":["As for the money that AIG does borrow from the government, the interest rate will be lower. The interest rate the government charged before was very high, and the reason it did this was political. The government knew that taxpayers wouldn't like lending AIG money. So, they wanted to take - make some of the terms of the loan pretty harsh so no one could come back and say, you know, this was some kind of sweetheart deal. Well, now the rate is going to be much more manageable. The company will have more time to pay it off.","Now, in exchange for this, AIG will have to agree to restrictions on financial compensation for five top executives. AIG, as you may remember, got into a lot of trouble because it sent some agents on expensive treatments to spas in California right after receiving the bailout. So, this compensation is kind of a sensitive issue for the company.","And what about taxpayers?Can we expect to get any of that money back from AIG at some point?","Well, as I said, you know, the government is going to be buying $40 billion in AIG stock. The money will come from the big, $700 billion bailout plan that Congress approved in September. You know, some of that, taxpayers presumably will get back if stock goes up. You know, but nobody really knows."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The government purposely made the loan terms harsh for AIG to avoid accusations of a sweetheart deal.","questions":"What was the government's reason for making the loan terms harsh for AIG?","answer":"taxpayers"}
{"text":["The flaws that one makes, that one has, are more apparent. The mistakes one makes are more apparent when you've died. The sweet scent of marjoram sweeps away all the contradictions, but yet Jesse Jackson has been the most extraordinary rhetorical genius to articulate the vision, the virtue, and the value of black life in the American public square.","Al Sharpton has emerged in the last few years. Reverend Al Sharpton himself sees himself as part of the legacy of Martin Luther King Jr. , but at the same time, he worked up north, Dr.  King worked down south. Jessie Jackson, of course, worked in Chicago. And these two gentlemen then challenged some of the prevailing forms of oppression in the midst of a northern culture that had not yet tested its commitment to civil rights.","And Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton forced them to grapple with it. Jackson in Chicago, Sharpton in New York, especially focusing on police brutality and forms of white mob violence directed against vulnerable black people. Barack Obama\u2026","And then - yeah, Barack Obama has a sort of different place in the\u2026"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The literal meaning of this phrase is that the scent of marjoram can be used to mask contradictions. The actual meaning, however, is unclear and seems to be a metaphor or poetic expression that may require further context or interpretation.","questions":"How does the speaker describe Jesse Jackson's rhetorical abilities?","answer":"Genius"}
{"text":["Well. . .",". . . National security officers out there speaking about it?","I could tell you a couple of dozen major news reports that turned out to be false based on the actual report that Robert Mueller issued. So when the president called those stories fake news at the time, you know, folks like you dismissed it, but it turned out he was right.","Now, it does seem like he's dismissing it, and he's being dismissive of it. I'm not sure he completely understands the implications of the impeachment inquiry. I think Nancy Pelosi is the smartest person in Washington right now. And I think she didn't pull the trigger on this without knowing that she had more ammunition in her guns."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They don't think Nancy Pelosi would begin impeachment proceedings if she wasn't sure that what she knew would get the president impeached.","questions":"How did the speaker describe Nancy Pelosi's decision to initiate impeachment proceedings?","answer":"Smartest"}
{"text":["Yeah?",". . . Is this important, really, at the end of the day?Or is this all a distraction?","Well, in a lot of ways, this is a distraction from the larger issue, which is the Russia investigation and the concern that Russia's been influencing our elections, right?But in the one side, who was involved or who did what with whom?The real problem is that Russia is attacking our body politics. And we have to come together as Republicans, Democrats and really fight back against that problem because we've got by-elections coming up here in 2018.","Jamil Jaffer is the founder of the National Security Institute. Thank you very much for joining us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B believes that the topic being discussed is not important.","questions":"What is PersonB's attitude towards the discussion?","answer":"Negative"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And that's something that my father always stressed upon my sisters and me and that we've all thought it's very important that you should be engaged in the process. In this case it is a political process, because the process of electing our government leaders is one that will have a direct impact on whether we're here and what we do here. So it's fine to criticize, but at the same time if you're not engaged in the process I feel that's a real discredit to everything you try to protest against.","Do you sense a great excitement among the men and women there about the election?","Well, there's certainly a lot of open questions, a lot of us are wondering if Barack Obama's elected versus John McCain and vice versa, whether that will have an effect not just on this tour, but on future military careers because we have a lot of soldiers and a lot of officers who are planning to make a military career and I'm not one of them. I'm going to be leaving active duty when we return from this tour.","But for those soldiers especially, the big question now is, when and how soon they'll have to deploy to Afghanistan. Because many of these soldiers are on their third, some even on their fourth tour here to Iraq. And so now they're looking at another open ended involvement in Afghanistan. And so they've got a lot of questions about that and so we're really just curious right now what both candidates - what decisions they'll make."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"engaged in the process\" - this means actively participating in the political process, not just being present or observing it.","questions":"How would you describe the level of involvement that is expected in the political process according to turn 0? (Answer: actively)","answer":"Actively"}
{"text":[". . . They make you very proud.","What can you tell us about Paola Zambrano and Mark Gorman?","Both of these kids were awesome young people. Paola - Paola, you know, died when she was going to be a junior, so she finished two years of high school. And, you know, during her freshman year, she was diagnosed with colon cancer. And we knew it was a serious situation. And we, you know, quite frankly didn't think that she'd be - you know, continue down that road of going to high school because we knew it was terminal.","And, you know, to her credit, she decided she was going to keep coming every day, had great attendance, went through her chemos and her therapies and was a model student for her family and for herself. She was very - a very proud young lady. And she had hopes and dreams beyond high school that unfortunately she was never. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Although the speaker uses the phrase \"went through her chemos and her therapies\" in a literal sense, the actual meaning is that Paola underwent cancer treatment, which included chemotherapy and other therapies.","questions":"How did Paola undergo her cancer treatment?","answer":"Chemotherapy"}
{"text":["Well, I think there are bad memories, and there are ghosts. And it's such an interesting place to visit. There are people who go back to that Superdome now not because they want to, but because they have to, to try and make a living. One guy I met, Raymond Smith, he has no choice but to strap a beer tray around his neck and go up and down the aisles, you know, shouting for beer during games. And he had to live through Katrina inside the Superdome. And it is not a happy memory for him in any way. It's something he suffers with. But for the rest of the community, it is also a symbol of redemption in some ways or if not redemption, reclamation.","I promise not to take this personally. World Series - two parks you'd have to go back and forth between. What would you choose?","Well, as a Yankee fan, I suppose I should say Yankee Stadium. But if the ballpark is the sole measure of where I want to be, then, unfortunately, it has to be Fenway. And, you know. . .","It takes a lot for Yankee fan to say that, right?I appreciate that.","It does. But you know what?Fenway really is a magical place. And they've done a tremendous job with their renovations. And as perfect as the symmetry might be of going back and forth between Wrigley and Fenway, I'm going to say PNC Park.","In Pittsburgh?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 :  \"In Pittsburgh?\" The literal meaning of this turn is a simple inquiry about the location mentioned by the speaker. The implicated meaning, however, suggests surprise or disbelief on the part of the speaker, as if they find it unexpected or unusual for PNC Park to be chosen as a preferred location.","questions":"Which city?","answer":"Pittsburgh"}
{"text":["Well, sure, it has something to do with it. Most - these smartphone patent wars are really kind of absurd. What really usually happens and what ought to happen is that you get in a patent fight and you very quickly use the patent fight to cross-license the patents that the other guy has that you need. But Apple has been asking for something really quite extraordinary in these smartphone wars. They've been asking for an injunction to pull some Samsung products off the market. And that tells you how seriously Apple takes Samsung as a competitor. I should also add that I virtually do not believe that there is a judge in the United States that will allow that injunction.","It also, of course, is irresistible to note that these figures come when Apple now has a pretty much brand new CEO, Tim Cook.","Yeah.","Following the death of Steve Jobs."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using humor or sarcasm to make a point or convey a message in a lighthearted way.","questions":"What tone is the speaker using in turn 3?","answer":"Lighthearted"}
{"text":["Yup. And then, suddenly, it came back, and then it went back down. And they scratched their heads for quite a while. And finally, what they realized is that there was so much radiation there that it was doing what's called saturating the detector. So it just couldn't count anymore. It was just overwhelmed. And then when they would go out of the radiation belts, it would come back down to a reasonable level that it was designed for, and it would start counting again. And so it took them a little while to figure that out. But once they did, that was the discovery of the radiation belts.","And now we have the probes to follow up. Thanks, Craig Kletzing, for joining us today.","You're very welcome. Thanks for having me.","Craig Kletzing is a professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Iowa."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is thanking Craig Kletzing for joining them and giving them insight on the radiation belts.","questions":"How did the speaker feel about Craig Kletzing's contribution to the discussion?","answer":"Thanks"}
{"text":["How does your - your vaccine has two parts. Walk me through them.","Well, the approach that has proven successful in our hands is to essentially deliver a one-two punch with our vaccine. We prime the immune system by using a genetic vector that delivers the hemagglutinin in isolation into the muscle.","Once that DNA is introduced into the muscle, it just makes the viral hemagglutinin and induces an immune response to it.","Let me jump in right here because this part I really want to understand. So you put DNA into our bodies, and then what happens exactly on the cellular level?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : one-two punch implies that the vaccine works through a series of actions to produce a result","questions":"How does the vaccine work?","answer":"Genetic"}
{"text":["Billion with a B. And they have their own cable channels. I mean, they're major sports players. And almost all that revenue comes from two sports, men's basketball and football.","So where does all of that money go?","Not to the student athletes. Under NCAA rules, they're amateurs. They cannot be compensated beyond their scholarships and the cost of attending college. But it goes to coaches' salaries. It goes to facilities. It goes to the conference commissioners who all make an excess of $2 million now. There are a lot of people who are millionaires because of these sports. And so everyone gets paid except for the student athletes.","So how does race factor into all of this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It implies that Student-athletes are being exploited for their labor and not fairly compensated.","questions":"Which group of people benefit the most from the revenue generated by men's basketball and football?","answer":"Coaches"}
{"text":[". . . Which is tsk-ahh. . .","(Laughter)",". . . Which people might think is a very sort of girly kind of sound. But - I mean, I have no defense for that.","What's the linguistic translation of that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A: ...Which people might think is a very sort of girly kind of sound. But - I mean, I have no defense for that.  The implied meaning in this turn is that the speaker is acknowledging that some people may view the sound they made as \"girly,\" but they don't have any justification or explanation for why they made that sound. They seem to be a bit embarrassed or self-conscious about it.","questions":"How did the speaker feel about making the sound?","answer":"Embarrassed"}
{"text":["Can I say [expletive]?","Nope. You sure can't. So we're going to call them useless. Giertz lives on a houseboat in Sweden and has found fame through posting videos of her useless robots online.","The first one that I did with a robot arm is called the Breakfast Machine. And it's basically a robot arm that I programmed to pour cereal and milk into a bowl and then feed it to me with a spoon. But all it does is, like, pour the cereal everywhere.","It throws the packet on the floor and it pours milk everywhere, including over me. And it doesn't actually manage to feed me anything. But it does hand me an empty spoon, so it succeeded in that part at least."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) The robot arm did not actually succeed in feeding the person, despite handing them an empty spoon. The actual meaning is that the robot arm is not very useful or effective.","questions":"What did the robot arm hand to the person?","answer":"Empty"}
{"text":["Thank you very much.","What is the mission of this March for Science?","I think the profession of science is under attack. And why is that happening?Because we've really ceded the floor. We haven't engaged in politics. We've left that open for politicians to come in and really hijack and obfuscate science for their own selfish needs.","When you say that science is under attack, to what degree should we read this march as a protest against Trump administration policies?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) When the speaker states that science is under attack, they are implying that politicians are misusing science to further their own agendas, rather than relying on scientific evidence to inform their decisions.","questions":"Which group is the speaker suggesting is hijacking and obfuscating science?","answer":"Politicians"}
{"text":["Feel at home here.","So, you know, the oceans, they aren't just sitting there. It's not just still water. There are currents. There are winds blowing over the top of them. And in case of the circulation in the Atlantic, the wind is blowing, piles water up in the middle because of something called Ekman transport. You can look that up on Wikipedia. And it makes a big pile - a hill of water in the middle of the Atlantic.","Really?","It's about a meter high, something like that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The author is talking about a 'pile' of water which of course is not a thing, instead he is talking about a swelling of the ocean created by water flowing in and being manipulated by currents and underwater streams and such","questions":"How is the 'pile' of water in the Atlantic created?","answer":"Swelling"}
{"text":["You could say the Republicans are ending 2013 on their highest note of the year.","That's the best thing that has happened to them. Well, 2014 looms. How are they shaping up for the midterms?","The midterms look good for Republicans. They will almost certainly hold control of the House. The Democrats would need nearly 20 seats in that takeaway. That's a big order and particularly because the president's party, in this case the Democrats, tends to lose seats in the midterms, not gain. On the Senate side, the Republicans are on the march. They need six seats to take back the majority in the Senate.","They may or may not get there, but the seats are out there to win. There are a lot of red states electing senators, some with incumbents like Louisiana and Arkansas, North Carolina where the Democrats got a struggle, others where there's a vacancy, say, in a Montana or a South Dakota."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : 2).  In the conversation, person B responds to person A's statement about Republicans ending 2013 on their highest note by saying \"That's the best thing that has happened to them.\" The implied meaning is that the Republicans had a bad year in 2013 and this is the best thing that happened to them during that year. It suggests that they did not have many good things happen to them in 2013, and this is a rare positive note.","questions":"How did Person PersonB describe the Republicans' year in 2013?","answer":"Bad"}
{"text":["Well, I am, and I have been watching it this morning. There's video of water rolling over the top of a levee.","That's Industrial Canal in New Orleans.","That's right. Still, wouldn't that make you a little anxious?","Well, it would, but our reporting systems we have, we have monitoring systems throughout the parish on our levees, on our drainage canals, on our pumping stations. Right now all of them are reporting well below flood stages."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The situation is concerning enough that it could make someone anxious, despite the monitoring systems in place.","questions":"Which emotion could someone feel despite the monitoring systems in place?","answer":"Anxiety"}
{"text":["Yeah, literally - quite literally. Yeah, man. It's like - it's usually my go-to in writing. And it's just naturally a - such a part of everything. And then in making that song \"Disco,\" it's like, disco - what do you think of disco?Like, strings. Strings are all up in and around disco - heavy, heavy, heavy.","(Vocalizing).","What's this song about - \"Poor Fake\"?","I think it's about kind of looking deeper into something that on the surface, seem so authentic and so real. But then as you get closer to it, you start to see what it's really made of."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker uses 'literally' in a figurative sense.","questions":"What does the PersonA's use of \"literally\" demonstrate?","answer":"Pomposity"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. Staycation. It's one of those newfangled words that's caught on fast. A vacation is when you vacate. You take off, you stay in a hotel, or camp out, or see the sights. A staycation is - well, you got it. With soaring gas prices and plane tickets, this was supposed to be the summer of staying at home. But was that prediction off the mark?If you're thinking about traveling soon or for the winter holidays, what should you keep in mind?With us to talk about both of those issues we've got Madeline Nunn, senior travel agent with the Richmond, Virginia, branch of the American Automobile Association, or Triple-A. Hi, Madeline.","How are you?","I'm great. So, back in May, a Rand McNally survey found that two-thirds of Americans planning road trips this summer said they would shorten their trips or cancel them all together. Summer is wrapping up, so what actually panned out?","Well, actually, the staycation thing is sort of a myth, so to speak, because Americans are traveling. They're traveling because they are hard-working and they need the rest and the revitalization. They need this vacation. So, what we're finding is that they're not staying home, per se. Some are just staying a little closer to home. And sometimes they're limiting the length of time that they may take for this vacation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Americans are not staying at home for vacations.","questions":"What did the Rand McNally survey find about Americans' summer travel plans?","answer":"Shorten"}
{"text":["I'm not so sure that it was missed, per se. I think it's been there at the forefront of the news for a really long time. I just don't think that we saw the potential that it would impact the election in the way that it did, insofar as it's tied up in these other economic and social struggles that are occurring within the same communities.","And to be clear again, you're not saying that people that have a problem with opioids or drug or alcohol voted for Donald Trump so much as people who live in those communities that have been affected by it statistically in your study voted for Donald Trump.","Well, that's right. And I can't say necessarily who voted for Donald Trump, but we have to remember that addiction and depression and these diseases and deaths of despair go far beyond the individuals themselves who are affected by them. They affect friends and family members and coworkers and first responders and service providers and employers in communities who are dealing with the struggles of these and experience the same sort of frustration and anxiety that are associated or wrapped up within diseases and deaths of despair.","You conclude your study by - I believe the quote is community level well-being played an important role in this election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The impacts of opioid addiction and other diseases and deaths of despair were not fully appreciated until they were seen to have had a significant effect on the election outcome.","questions":"What conclusion did the study make about the role of community well-being in the election?","answer":"Appreciated"}
{"text":["It's - conservative - that about eight to 10,000 people died. And that this, to this day, is still the greatest natural disaster to hit this country in terms of devastation, in terms of death toll. It's almost hard to fathom how incredible - the power of this storm and what it did. It literally wiped a city off the map.","And you point out that after this happened, the idea that, you know, that Galveston really had only itself to blame. I mean, this was a natural port, and it was built on a sandbar. It was in most places only about 8 feet above sea level. And to have built it there in the first place would be crazy, and they rebuilt it anyway.","It really was a feat of engineering and of sheer willpower that they constructed a seawall - a 17-foot seawall that ran about three miles. But that wasn't enough. They realized that to protect downtown, they were going to have to raise it. So they literally raised about 500 buildings anywhere from 8 to 18 inches so that it was less susceptible to flooding.","As a weatherman, do you think that you can say now that what happened to Galveston is impossible, that it won't happen again?I don't mean that the storms won't happen again. I mean, Hurricane Katrina was a hideous storm that killed a lot of people, and the property loss was terrible. But do you think that the lessons of storms like that, but especially of Galveston, mean that the loss of life and property on that scale really isn't likely to happen again?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"But do you think that the lessons of storms like that, but especially of Galveston, mean that the loss of life and property on that scale really isn't likely to happen again?\" - The literal meaning of this turn is whether the lessons from Galveston and similar storms will prevent a recurrence of such a disaster. The actual meaning is whether the efforts to mitigate the effects of such disasters can prevent such high levels of loss of life and property.","questions":"What is the PersonA's concern about the recurrence of a disaster like Galveston?","answer":"Prevention"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Secretary of State John Kerry has joined world diplomats in Geneva today in hopes of reaching an initial agreement to freeze Iran's nuclear program. His arrival suggests a deal may be within reach this weekend, but it's still not there yet. NPR's Peter Kenyon is in Geneva and joins us now. Peter, thanks so much for being with us.","Hi, Scott.","So, how do we read the tea leaves on this?The talks were supposed to finish yesterday, but now the secretary of state has flown all the way across the Atlantic to join them.","Well, it should be a positive sign, although the very latest comments from British Foreign Secretary William Hague are along the lines, well, the gaps are narrow but they're important and not easy to resolve. So, I think your point that we're not there yet is still very much in play. But I think there's also a high-level presence, which means there's a growing sense of urgency about wrapping up these talks. I mean, this is supposed to be the easy part - a six-month deal that's entirely reversible in just about every respect if something doesn't go right. So, hammering out a lasting comprehensive deal is going to be much harder than this. And if this one takes too long to negotiate, there's a fear the whole diplomatic enterprise could just collapse under pressure. We've already heard from both parties in Congress that more sanctions may come up next month if these talks fail. So, I'd say there is a feeling of some kind of a deadline. Maybe not this weekend but soon."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the statement suggests that despite the appearance of a positive sign, the comments from the British Foreign Secretary indicate that the situation is more challenging and difficult to resolve than it may seem. The literal meaning of the words may convey a positive outlook, but the implied meaning highlights the potential obstacles and complexities involved.","questions":"How does the statement in turn 3 describe the situation?","answer":"Challenging"}
{"text":["It's beautiful. It's nothing to be ashamed of.","There's one plant that needs water, I'm sorry.","That little machine, it actually - you can watch it work and twirl and do its little mechanical things and prints out little solar panels.","Yeah. So basically, you feed it this little silicon cells. It chops them up into little pieces. And then, I didn't know this, but you just take them and wire them in series. I mean, in fact, if you had them, you could manually make one yourself. The process isn't all that complicated. So we see how you would actually do this. You know, they couldn't bring all of the prototypes because some of them couldn't fit in a suitcase. Literally, they packed them in a suitcase. . .","And on the subway.",". . . and took them on the subway to my yard. But it's definitely worth a look. I think the other thing that was interesting to me is that it was funded - it's bankrolled by strangers. This was a Kickstarter project. So they put up a little video on the website Kickstarter and got over 1,000 people to contribute over $70,000 to make this. This is real bootstrap inventing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The machine is fascinating to watch and can create small solar panels","questions":"What can the machine do?","answer":"Print."}
{"text":["So, you're skeptical about a car czar. You think that there should be loans, though, with strict provisions attached to them.","Right, right.","What else?What else needs to be done?I mean, this is a massive, massive problem, and two of the three are facing extinction at this point.","Don't forget, what's putting them in this condition is the economic, you know, the economic condition of the nation right now. But the kind of fixed-cost structure that these auto companies have is massive, massive losses that have to do with what's happening to demand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning.","questions":"What type of meaning do the turns in this conversation have?","answer":"Literal"}
{"text":["Yes. And Stephanie says attendance more than doubled. She thinks lowering prices was a great business strategy for her. It might be good for others as well.","And Marilyn McFee(ph) is doing well in the downturn. She's a professional storyteller.","Maybe it's like mashed potatoes and apple cobbler, she writes. Storytelling is comfort entertainment.","She's been busy telling her stories at schools, libraries, even fundraisers."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Marilyn is doing well while the economy is worsening.","questions":"What is Marilyn's profession?","answer":"Storyteller"}
{"text":["Well, we're looking at, what can we use that $80 million for?And so that's being discussed right now. The - you know, we requested that that this aid come. However, the White House hasn't shared the parameters of this funding with us yet. And so that's what we're working on right now. And whether or not that - those funds have to be used for drinking water or those funds can be actually used for infrastructure.","So you have no idea yet how much or any - how - if you will get any of that $80 million (unintelligible).","Well, we'll get the $80 million. That's not - that's not the issue. The issue is, you know, how can we use it that $80 million?And that's what we're negotiating with the White House today.","My colleague, Ari Shapiro, spoke with the mayor of Flint this week. And she said that the trust between the state and the city has essentially been broken and that residents of Flint have felt abandoned. How do you, as the man tasked with leading this effort to fix this problem, how do you start to rebuild that trust?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : mplies that A needs to find a way to re-establish the trust between the state and the city that has been damaged due to the crisis.","questions":"How does PersonA need to address the issue of trust between the state and the city?","answer":"Rebuild"}
{"text":["Yeah. The numbers aren't necessarily looking his way.","No.","Glenn Thrush is the chief political correspondent of Politico. Thanks so much for being back with us.","Great to be here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : has a literal meaning of \"Yes, the numbers aren't looking good for the person,\" but its actual meaning is \"It looks like the person isn't likely to succeed.\"","questions":"How would you describe the outcome based on the numbers mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Fail"}
{"text":["He did. When I - the first time I called him up, the conversation went like this: Hello?Alan Feuer. And I said, hey, it's Alan Feuer. And he went, oh, good man. I've been meaning to call you. And he really did talk like that. That is absolutely how he spoke.","So something out of - well, a kind of a cross between Franklin Delano Roosevelt and London.","Something like that. You know, the way I pictured it was those, you know, those Preston Sturges movies where, you know, it's almost like an Anglophilic-New York accent.","Oh, we use to call it Long Island lockjaw."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The way it sounded was a mix between FDR and a British accent.","questions":"Which two accents was the mix compared to?","answer":"FDR,British"}
{"text":["No, that's not my cell phone. It's the sound of our space, kind of. It's a radio signal picked up by one of NASA's Radiation Storm Belt Probes. These probes are orbiting inside Earth's radiation belts, a hazardous part of space filled with high-energy particles. And these eerie, chirping noises are called chorus. Scientists have known about them for years. Ham radio operators have listened to them. But these are the clearest recordings yet.","Here to tell us more about these chorus recordings is Craig Kletzing. He's the F.  Wendell Miller professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Iowa. He's also the principal investigator for one of the experiments on the Radiation Storm Belt Probes. Doctor Kletzing is joining us today from Iowa City. Welcome to the program.","Thanks for having me.","So before - well, let me just start with: What did we just hear?Explain it for us."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The sound is not from a cell phone but from a radio signal picked up by NASAs probes.","questions":"How did NASPersonA's Radiation Storm Belt Probes pick up the sound?","answer":"Radio"}
{"text":["It's good to be here, Tony.","You know, you've been getting pretty hot under the collar about this issue, I understand. Why is it such a concern for you?","It's a concern for me because it's a misunderstanding that a lot of ex-convicts have. If you have a felony it has been in the past that often states do restrict or disenfranchise those who have a felony conviction. Those laws have changed over the years, and now in most states it's no longer the case, or there are means by which you can get your civil rights back. But a lot of people - a lot of ex-convicts or felons that I knew that ended up in my court system simply rested on the false notion that they did not have the ability to vote. And that ended and that kept them from further embracing or engaging in the community, and kept them separate, and apart, and not where they needed to be.","Is it a situation where an ex-felon is allowed - is entitled to have his or her voting rights restored, but the process by which those voting rights are restored is so cumbersome that they either don't know about it or they don't go through it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The process of restoring voting rights is too complicated and difficult for ex-felons to understand or complete.","questions":"Which process is too complicated for ex-felons?","answer":"Restoring-voting-rights"}
{"text":["An appointment like yours will sunset with this presidency. So, what do you plan to do afterwards?","I don't know. You know, government service, my term in government service, the last two years, followed a private-sector career of 24 years. One of the exciting things about being in the government, I think, is when you can move the needle it touches so many people's lives. And prior to this, I ran the Small Business Administration and - which does terrific work, including providing loans for disaster victims, homeowners, not just small businesses. So, I'm very open-minded. You know, I loved working in the private sector, but I just really treasure the opportunity to make an impact through the public sector.","You've mentioned disasters a couple of times, and we are rolling around on the third anniversary of Katrina. The federal government's response was widely criticized. What do you think you've done right in terms of dealing with disasters recently?","Recent history has been very good, whether it be the fires in California or the floods in the Midwest, a number of significant tornado incidents. And what I think has happened well, it really falls into a couple of areas. Number one, I think the response has been rapid. The front-end response has been rapid. Number two, which I don't think is quite as visible to people, is the coordination among government agencies at the federal level, and between the federal and then the state and local levels, has been, I think, much improved."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The appointment will end with the current presidency, and you will lose your job.","questions":"What event will result in the sunset of PersonA's appointment?","answer":"Presidency"}
{"text":["She's going, this - you know, this mother, she can't leave her calf. We can't get her to go out. And - but you can't be trying to drag out a dead baby as well. Another friend had the exact opposite. The mother had died and the calf was alive and trying to work out how we can save this calf and get it out. And as you can imagine, that is - it's about as hard as it comes.","Oh, gosh. Mr.  Lamason, do we know why the whales do this?","We don't know. And there's a lot of theories around. But if you had to design a piece of landscape to capture whales, Golden Bay is pretty much perfect. It's a - quite a closed-in bay. It's got this large spit sweeping around, and the seabed out from there is very shallow for quite some kilometers. And there's a great chance that these whales were coming in here to feed and have made a poor choice about how close they can get in.","And is there anything human beings can or should do to try and help the whales?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that is there any action humans can take to try to assist the stranded whales in their situation.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue refers to the potential intervention of human beings in the situation of the stranded whales?","answer":"turn3"}
{"text":["And of course we speak this week on a week in which the city of Baltimore has been undergoing a lot of restiveness, including injuries and arrests. What do you make of the fact that you've got Wednesday's ballgame played at Camden Yards, but no audience?","I think that's a shame. Much like how after 9\/11 I didn't think they should've called the ballgames off, I thought they should still have baseball being played. I think baseball helps people heal. It changes things. Look at Jackie Robinson, what that did for the civil rights movement. I can speak for my family when they came over from Poland at the turn-of-the-century. They combined with other immigrant kids and they all learned baseball because that was one thing that brought everybody together.","Gary Cieradkowski - his new book, \"The League of Outsider Baseball. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  A: Thank you, Scott. Actual meaning: A is expressing gratitude to B for the conversation.","questions":"How did PersonA feel about baseball being played after 9\/11?","answer":"Shame"}
{"text":["It's not unusual for a new president to shed some of the staff that comes in with him in the first year. You know, people from the campaign, for example, who don't fit in in the new environment. But this is the earliest we've ever seen a chief of staff go. And this many departees at this high level, it's hard to think of an analog in the first six months of any other administration.","OK.  A really big legislative story this week with the Senate failing to repeal the Affordable Care Act. Is that effort dead as in really, really, really dead?","It is dead for the moment. You know, the president has been tweeting in the last 24 hours about killing the filibuster rule because it's too hard to get to 60 votes. You know, on this bill, all they needed was 50 votes and they could not get to 50 votes. And the real problem here is not process. It's the problem. They don't have consensus on health care. So it looks dead in the Senate, at least for the moment, but it could be revived in the longer run.","And just quickly, we could have started our conversation with North Korea or Russia. The world is out there, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies that the questioner is asking if the effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act is completely over, while (4) implies that the questioner is suggesting that there are more important issues that the conversation could have started with than North Korea or Russia.","questions":"How is the questioner suggesting that there are more important issues than North Korea or Russia?","answer":"Healthcare"}
{"text":["Well, we've seen - it's become more difficult under the Trump administration for members of the military to get citizenship. It's been more difficult for them to get paperwork filed for their family members. It's more difficult for them to prevent the deportation of their family members.","Well, how are they making it more difficult?What examples do you have?","During the Obama administration, Janet Napolitano had created a program called basic training naturalization. It allowed the troops to get their citizenship really quickly. And the Trump administration has eliminated that program. They've also made it harder for the troops to file applications for citizenship. And it's taking much longer for them to make a decision on those applications. Recently they also announced they were going to close some of the international USCIS offices that process people for citizenship overseas, which will make it even more difficult for military members.","Now, I understand that you were one of the people who started a program to recruit people who aren't U. S.  citizens into the U. S.  military. That program was known as MAVNI - Military Accessions Vital to the National Interest. The program has effectively been suspended - right?- but it already started slowing down during the Obama administration. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Military members are facing challenges getting citizenship under Trump administration","questions":"What was the name of the program that allowed troops to get citizenship quickly during the Obama administration?","answer":"challenges"}
{"text":["I must be doing something right. What I thought was funny about it was Sommore is not my real name. So. . .","Right. Right, right, right.","I was like, OK, so you named - you named your kids after my stage name. OK, that's hot.","So, when you think about all the stuff you do about women, you know. When you say, women, we got to catch up. When you talk about sex, when you talk about relationships, what sisters have to go through. I'm assuming that you and your girlfriends are the people who can road test some of the comedy that you talk about."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : that's hot implies that the person thinks it was an acceptable and good gesture","questions":"What was the name Sommore given to her kids?","answer":"Sommore"}
{"text":["So along the way, you met a lot of interesting characters. And I want to particularly talk about a sommelier named Morgan Harris. He plays a big role. He's kind of like your wine shepherd. Tell us a little bit about him.","Ah, my wine fairy godmother. I mean, he's just amazing. He was my - he was really my mentor. He had this magnetic passion for wine. I mean, the first time I met him, I basically sat through a 2. 5-hour monologue that was an ode to everything from the great Rieslings of the early 20th century to the $1,200 bottle of champagne he thought would be a religious experience.","So this is a question - because he is this sort of wine evangelist if you will, he believes wines can recontextualize people's places in the universe. First of all, what does that mean?","And second of all - I mean, do you think that wine really has the power that he says it does?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"do you think that wine really has the power that he says it does?\" Here, the speaker is using the figurative expression \"the power that he says it does\" to refer to the transformative and meaningful impact of wine that Morgan Harris believes in. The literal meaning of \"the power that he says it does\" would be related to a concrete or tangible capability or function of something.","questions":"What figurative expression is used by the speaker to refer to the transformative and meaningful impact of wine that Morgan Harris believes in?","answer":"Power"}
{"text":["And 18-year-old?","Yeah, from the Internet.","Don't try this - well, he tried it at home, I guess.","He's - I mean, so he's, you know, he sent me like his amazing pictures of jet engines in what looks like a basement, you know, flaming out."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In this turn, the speaker is using sarcasm and irony. The literal meaning suggests that the person being discussed sent impressive pictures of jet engines in a basement, which are flaming out. However, the actual meaning implies that the person's actions or pictures were not impressive or desirable.","questions":"What impression is the speaker trying to convey through their use of sarcasm and irony in turn 3?","answer":"Undesirable"}
{"text":["No, wow.","Well, all right. So, let's get to your best political conversation of the week.","You know, it's about John McCain. Everybody in town just watched as McCain came back, and it was very low key. And not only was it at low key; there was a sense of, you know, sadness about it. There he was; suddenly Joe Lieberman's over arguing with the Democrats and trying to get back in with the Democrats and retain his position, in terms of a leader on the Democratic side, no longer hanging around with John McCain. The right wing of the Republican Party never wanted much to do with John McCain, and so they're not rallying to him; they're not offering him any leadership position. So, John McCain is kind of out there on his own, and everybody is saying, you know, what's to come of John McCain?And the answer is, you know, John McCain will try to be his own man, but the fact is he's a man really without a country in the U. S.  Senate at this moment.","NPR news analyst Juan Williams, always a pleasure."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B is surprised or impressed by what A just said","questions":"Which news analyst is mentioned by PersonB in turn 3?","answer":"Juan"}
{"text":["How the hell would I know that?Do you know that?Do you think you could?Do you think I could?I just think that here is my choice. I'm not going to talk and say he should do this, he should - that's not my responsibility. I'm not qualified","What made you decide to get involved or to speak out now?","Well, because I - people have (unintelligible) asked me what I thought. Coach, how do you feel about this or that or whatever?And I'm the history and government major. I like history. I have never been a Republican or a Democrat. I don't care. I - what I want is the best person for the job. If it's a man or a woman, it's just the best person that I'd like to see get the job.","Coach Bobby Knight. We reached him yesterday, following his endorsement of Donald Trump."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 4. B's turn implies that he has reached out to Coach Bobby Knight to ask him about his endorsement of Donald Trump.","questions":"How did PersonB come to know about Coach Bobby Knight's endorsement of Donald Trump?","answer":"Unintelligible"}
{"text":["Sir, why do we need a Space Corps?What threats do you see it defending us from?","Well, clearly, we've got some very serious, aggressive behavior by both the Chinese and the Russians in space. They have realized that that's a great equalizer if they can get good at it, and they're getting good at it fast. Unfortunately, we've become, just like every other war-fighting country, very dependent on space. But the truth is, it's not just our military; our country has become very reliant on space. Anybody that has a handheld iPhone or other device, that device is using space.","Because of satellites.","Satellites. So the Russians and Chinese have realized that if they can take our eyes and ears out, which is what our satellites are, they might actually be able to compete or have an advantage against us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Satellites are crucial for military and civilian operations, and losing them would give the Russians and Chinese an advantage.","questions":"What gives the Russians and Chinese an advantage if they take out our eyes and ears in space?","answer":"Russian,Chinese"}
{"text":["They're all priceless.","Exactly.","Tell us about the priceless ones in your collection. How many do you have in your collection?","We have about - in excess of 1,800 different meteorites. If you consider. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Indicating that they are priceless means that they have high value.","questions":"Which word did PersonB use to describe all the items in question in turn 0?","answer":"Priceless"}
{"text":["I just wonder if we could close by you just telling me a few things about Jason, what you remember most fondly about him.","When I think about Jason, I think about his smile. He was a beautiful child. And the worst thing about this whole situation is I know in my heart he shouldn't be dead. It is horrible that we lose the soldiers that we have to; it's a tragedy when we lose a soldier that we shouldn't have, and Jason shouldn't be dead.","Chris Scheuerman, talking about his son Jason, who committed suicide in Iraq in 2005. In the 13 months since we first talked, Chris has continued to advocate for suicide prevention in the military. He testified on Capitol Hill and recently spoke at a Department of Defense conference on suicide prevention. We asked the Army for a comment on Jason Scheuerman's case when we first aired this story, and this is the written statement they sent.","(Reading) The loss of any member of the Army family is a tragedy, and suicide prevention is a top priority for the U. S.  Army. The 2005 death of Private First Class Jason Scheuerman was investigated thoroughly by his unit and by the U. S.  Army Criminal Investigation Command. In fact, the Associated Press's story about his 2005 death is based on the Army's comprehensive investigations. We continue to work with and assist his family. We are continuously improving and adapting our training, intervention and support programs. The Army recognizes the importance of suicide prevention and is taking many steps to decrease those risks that may contribute to suicidal behavior. Our prevention efforts do help soldiers and their families deal with the wartime challenges they face every day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The statement \"I know in my heart he shouldn't be dead,\" actual meaning a deep sense of sadness and loss over Jason's death, and wishes that he were still alive.","questions":"How does PersonA describe Jason's smile?","answer":"beautiful"}
{"text":["The resignation of Michael Flynn as national security adviser came after leaks from anonymous sources inside the intelligence community. Anonymous sources have always been a source of tips for reporters, but they've been especially prominent in the first days of the Trump administration. Last night, President Trump called the American news media the enemy of the people. NPR's David Folkenflik joins us. David, thanks for being with us.","Always.","When The Washington Post broke this story, they cited nine current and former officials and said they spoke on condition of anonymity. What kind of editorial decision-making goes in to having a report like this appear?","You can be sure that this rocketed up to the very top of the news hierarchy at a newsroom like The Post. Just the very fact that they took nine sources that they clearly went out of their way to try to check, cross-check, double-check and question what they were about to report that the stakes were that high, that the ramifications of what they were going to report would be so significant that they were going to take this very seriously indeed. And I think you can see that by the solidity of the reporting as far as we know so far. And I think that's also a reflection of how uncertain this story has been to date. You know, if - you may remember before the election, The New York Times had reported that the FBI had found that there were no signs of, you know, such contacts. And I think on this subject, there's a care being given by The Post, by The Times and by other serious news organizations."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This statement implies that the newspaper was taking extra precautions to ensure the accuracy of their reporting.","questions":"How did The Washington Post approach their reporting on the Michael Flynn story?","answer":"cautiously"}
{"text":["And then I decided to come out. Now it's been going on several hours. I'm several streets away from the Champs-Elysees, Scott, but the people - it's like it's the second revolution coming because people are turning over - they're building barricades in the street. We're still - we've got helicopters overhead. They're still firing tear gas. And everyone around me is wearing a yellow vest.","Now, fuel prices have gone up - I have read, I think - 23 percent over the past year. And protesters blame the government for this.","Well, the government - the French pay some of the highest gas prices in the world, like, about more than $6 a gallon, Scott. And the government says it's going to raise the taxes again in January to finance the transition to an ecological economy - you know, more environmentally friendly fuels.","And, you know, for people who have to drive to work - blue-collar workers, just everyday people - this is outrageous. They say they can't make it anymore, so they've come out into the street. And, Scott, this movement has no leaders. There are no unions behind it. There are housewives. There are retirees - regular people. There are people who have never protested before. So it's turned into a movement. No one knows where it's going to go now."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : GOVERNMENT HAS INCREASED GAS PRICE SO PROTESTER  BLAMING THE GOVERNMENT","questions":"How do protesters justify their actions in the French protests?","answer":"Government"}
{"text":["And it's working. It's really working. So, I think that the new music coming out of Atlanta, the new kids that are coming up are really taking what we did in the past, over the past 20 years, and infusing it with the new, like they're erasing all the boundaries.","I just like to add one thing. Yellow Wolf is also a discovery of Kawan K. P. Prather, who was also at Le Face Records. So, it is like the story continues to. . .","The generations roll on.","Yeah. Yeah, exactly."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The new music coming out of Atlanta is a combination of the old and the new","questions":"How would you describe the music coming out of Atlanta?","answer":"combination"}
{"text":["And it also allows the Republicans now to use this process called reconciliation, which means they can pass the tax cut out of the Senate with 50 votes. So now - as you said, now they have to construct the bill. They have a bill that - right now all the elements that you talked about, including the repeal of the death tax, other elements - that's about a $4 or $5 trillion tax cut. And yet they're allocated $1. 5 trillion. So they've got to figure out how they're going to smush $4 trillion dollars in tax cuts. . .","Yeah.",". . . In a $1. 5 trillion box. So we'll see how that happens.","Well, if this were to fall through, how devastating do you feel that would be for your party?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The $4 trillion tax cuts will be difficult to fit into the $5 trillion budget.","questions":"What is the total budget allocated for tax cuts?","answer":"5"}
{"text":["'Cause there are a lot of industries now that can point to the fact that they are using fewer people to sometimes produce even greater revenues.","Well, that's what using fewer people will sometimes do. It certainly will - using fewer people will increase the productivity of the people that you are using. And we had been living through an age where we are adapting to a transformative technology - the Internet. I mean, this has enormous effects on the workplace. But, you know, I'm a mere writer. I wouldn't even know how to begin to answer the question you just asked; how much of this is a fundamental shift in the economy and how much of it is a result of the way we've led our financial lives?","Michael Lewis, what should, in your mind, Americans learn from the financial crisis in Europe?","The thing that has interested me the most is the role of the big financial institutions in our economy. I think over the period of the last several decades, they have spun out of control; that they are too big to fail, which means that the normal sort of mechanism of a market economy is not allowed to work in a financial sector. That normal mechanism is creative destruction. It's, you know, someone builds a better one and the old one dies. And I would have thought the big lesson from the period of 2007, 2008 is that we can't really build an economy based on such institutions. It's like building your house on sand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : none","questions":"How did PersonA describe the mechanism of a market economy?","answer":"Control"}
{"text":["They are of course big spenders, but at the same time there are so many different kinds of collections as there are collections. Some collectors are happy, some are tormented. Some buy very little, while others can't help themselves. Why do people collect?Well, I once interviewed the great art historian Kenneth Clark and he once said that it's like asking why we fall in love. The reasons are quite so different. And it's very true.","Forgive a couple of stereotypes but are there a lot of Saudi princes or Russian billionaires on this list?","I haven't counted them all. One of my favorites is not Saudi and not a Russian prince. Let's call him Mr.  D.  He collects impressionist paintings and a good friend of mine was at his mansion not too long ago and the collector said before you look at them I just have to switch something on. And when he was exactly about five feet away from the Monet the sound system was activated and the room was abruptly flooded with Debussy.","Debussy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  A: \"And when he was exactly about five feet away from the Monet the sound system was activated and the room was abruptly flooded with Debussy.\" - The speaker is describing an experience where the collector used music to enhance the viewing of the artwork, suggesting that the collector has a deep appreciation for the arts and values different sensory experiences.","questions":"What was the type of painting that Mr. D collects?","answer":"Impressionist"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. He calls Obama a bad or sick guy. That is an extraordinary thing to hear from a sitting president about his predecessor. We should note there has been no reaction from President Obama yet and no evidence, no confirmation, to support this claim. But it's not going to calm the waters.","Boy, we have investigations that are unfolding at the FBI. There are several committees that are gathering at Capitol Hill. What's the landscape they're looking at right now?","So, as you said, the FBI is investigating. We don't have a lot of visibility into where they are in that investigation or what the time frame is because they don't comment on active investigations. We just know that they are - they're doing them. On the Hill, we have - we know a little bit more. The Intelligence Committees have the lead on investigating all of the Russia stuff. We know they are reviewing documents. They're trying to think about who to call to come testify. And they confirmed this week - the House Intelligence Committee, for example, confirmed they are looking into links between Russia and the campaigns; also looking into all these recent leaks of classified information.","I must say, it doesn't seem like the last scalp has been put on the wall."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"I must say, it doesn't seem like the last scalp has been put on the wall.\" - This turn of phrase implies that the investigation is not yet complete and that there is still more to be done.","questions":"What does the phrase \"last scalp on the wall\" suggest about the current state of the investigation?","answer":"Incomplete"}
{"text":["And if the court - the judges in the court find him insane, that would, he believes, invalidate his political arguments.","Yeah. It seems like that. Normal, it's considered to be less of punishment or it's actually, technically, it's not the punishment if they sentence you to - sentence you as an insane man and put you in a hospital because then you then aren't responsible for what you did. Anders Breivik, however, wants to be considered as a person who know - knew what he did on the 22nd of July.","And has scoffed at the conceivable punishment. As I understand it, he could get 21 years in jail if convicted and found sane and that he says, wait a minute, either I should be acquitted or I should be put to death.","Yeah. Instead that - but we can't really put anyone to death in Norway, but it's correct that there are maximum - maximum punishment is 21 years. But we also have what we call - I've been looking for the correct English expression, and I think it's called containment, which is a system where a person that is considered to be a threat even after a certain period of time, he can actually be held in prison indeterminate because the - we can't - it's not really considered safe to let him out again in the society."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Breivik hopes that being found insane will invalidate his political arguments and be a way for him to avoid punishment.","questions":"How does Breivik suggest he should be punished if he is found guilty and sane?","answer":"Death"}
{"text":["But we keep our faith strong and know that good things will, you know, eventually will turn and happen for us.","Scott, this is an expensive state to live in. California has high unemployment rates. Have you ever thought about maybe relocating, going someplace else?","Well, I have. You know, I was born and raised here in San Diego, and we just love it. But yeah, if - regardless of where the location would be, I would be willing to go anywhere - anywhere in the world for that matter, Afghanistan, Pakistan, anywhere that somebody may be able to offer me a job.","I saw some photographs of you in your condo. You've been packing up there, and I noticed behind the moving boxes, hanging in the window were some Christmas lights and some red ribbons. Are you still going to find some ways to celebrate the holidays despite everything that's going on?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to keep faith strong means that this person is religious and that nothing will stop them from being that way","questions":"How would you describe the attitude of the person in turn 0?","answer":"Resilient"}
{"text":["Yeah, just a little.","(Laughter).","Did the Roy Moore allegations come far enough before the election to swing the vote?Or are people just not telling pollsters the truth because it's a loaded subject?","Well, I think that Roy Moore was already pretty unpopular with a certain part of the Republican electorate in Alabama. So he has solid support among people who have known him for years and like what he's doing. But if you're a Republican who voted for Luther Strange, who was his primary opponent, you might be making the choice of, do I sit at home, or do I go out and vote for Doug Jones?","And I think what'll really, you know, end up swinging the election are these Republican voters who really just find what Moore did a bridge too far. They already didn't like him. And now this is just beyond the pale for them. So I do think, you know, in the polling average, it's not great for for Roy Moore at all. So we might definitely see a change. And I think Alabama being rated a toss-up is kind of a crazy thing to see. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that the Voters who had two options of sitting at home during the election or they vote for Luther who is considered to be a clown than to vote for the unpopular Roy Moore.","questions":"Which candidate did the Republican voters already dislike before the allegations?","answer":"RoyMoore"}
{"text":["We're learning more about the nine people who died Thursday in a shooting attack that shattered the peace in a small town in Oregon. Authorities have released the names of the victims who were murdered at Umpqua Community College in Roseburg. Nine other people were wounded. The shooter died as well. NPR's Tom Goldman has been in Roseburg since the day of the shooting and joins us. Tom, thanks for being with us.","Hi, Scott, my pleasure.","And of course, we usually talk about sports - not today. Oregon's your home.","Not today, indeed. I'm based in Portland, about three, three-and-a-half hours north of here, close enough for me to come here and report on this."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"based in Portland\" - This is an idiom meaning that the person's primary residence or place of work is located in Portland, rather than a literal description of their location.","questions":"How would you describe the location of PersonA's primary residence or place of work?","answer":"Portland"}
{"text":["With All Tech Considered.","The head of Instagram, Adam Mosseri, knows what it's like to be bullied. He also knows that today kids are likely to be bullied on Instagram. That's why he says he wants to lead the industry in the fight against online bullying.","I had, like, Coke bottle, Corbusier glasses at 5 years old that made my eyes as big as - I don't know - lemons.","I can picture that.","I had a haircut that made me look like Harry Potter long before Harry Potter existed or was cool. It was not a good look. I was made fun of a lot. But yeah, I probably would have been made fun of on Instagram."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The speaker is implying that he would have been the victim of bullying if Instagram was around when he was young, so in essence he is implying that he supports the actions that Adam Mosseri is making.","questions":"How is the PersonA's view on Adam Mosseri's actions influenced by his personal experience?","answer":"supports"}
{"text":["Yes. We are quite cognizant of that. And most fundamentally, we are not inducing anybody to commit a crime. We're not asking for somebody to take something that was top secret. People need to make their own choices about what they think inside the government deserves public attention. That's not a decision for us to make. It's a decision for them to make.","The Obama administration was accused of invoking the Espionage Act to crackdown on leakers and pursuing whistleblowers more aggressively than any other administration in history. So why didn't you make this call under that administration?","Well, first of all actually, we have had a page for a long time on our site encouraging people to send us documents and information, including in secure ways. So the answer to that is we have been asking people. Why have we pushed it even farther now?Well, one of the reasons that we've pushed it farther now is because we have been hearing about ways in which federal employees are being told to keep quiet. And if people are being told to keep quiet, well, that means that there's a good chance that relevant information is not coming out that should be.","Haven't there been gag orders during the transition of previous administrations too?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of the third turn is that the speaker is implying that the current administration is trying to prevent important information from being released, and this is why they are pushing people to contact them with information.","questions":"How is the current administration preventing the release of important information?","answer":"implication"}
{"text":["The Negro National League's last innings came in 1940s, after Jackie Robinson headed for the big leagues. Kadir Nelson's new book, \"We Are the Ship\" captures black-American baseball at the top of its game. Kadir is an award-winning children's book illustrator. He's collaborated with Will Smith, Spike Lee and Debbie Allen. For \"We Are the Ship,\" he did all of the writing and all of the artwork, and his rich, detailed paintings show Negro-league superstars as if they're posing for the camera or deep in a game of hard ball.","Kadir Nelson joins me now. How are you?","I'm great. Thanks for having me.","So you have done playful children's books. You've illustrated books for young people about historic figures. Tell me about Buck O'Neil."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Tell me about Buck O'Neil\" - this turn is a request for information about Buck O'Neil rather than literally asking the speaker to narrate or explain something to the listener.","questions":"Which turn is a request for information about Buck O'Neil?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["Nice to be here, Lulu.","Why study Mars's core?What can it teach us?","We know the outside of Mars, and we understand the inside of the Earth. And one of the reasons we're interested in Mars is because it's a planet of a similar sort of size to the Earth and Venus. So getting into the interior of it will help us understand how long it took for it to cool down because it's now a cooler planet than the Earth. It no longer does all that exciting plate tectonic stuff that the Earth does. And we'll get a sense of how stiff the external crust is, how malleable the mantle is and whether the core is liquid or not. Those are all the things that really matter for the physics of the Earth, so we assume they're going to matter for the physics of Mars, too.","The first successful Mars landing was almost 50 years ago, which is quite a while. And many have failed since then. Why?How hard is it actually to get there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asking about Mars's core can teach us something.","questions":"How can studying Mars's core help us understand another planet's physics?","answer":"Physics"}
{"text":["You have to remember that this issue of sexual abuse has almost been, you know, an unspoken thing in British society. And really we don't have many tools for it. There are no public information campaigns, sex education is pretty poor, we don't have the tools available. We probably can't arrest our way out of this problem as one, you know, expert told me. We just have refused as a society to take it seriously, and we're surprised because when we look, we find.","Recognizing that there's a sanctified legal process that has to proceed, has anyone been disciplined for what sounds like pretty gross abuse and neglect?","No. And that is a big problem. The Council officials are saying there's not enough evidence or there's not a finger of blame being pointed at any individuals and no individual should resign - its collective. I mean, this is part of the problem of this process is that we don't actually have anybody taking the fall, taking the rap. And, you know, they've put themselves in positions where they're not liable to know the facts. The consequences of that just build up through the years. But you started off with 90 kids in this situation, you ended up with 1,400 kids being left to, you know, the worst kind of abuse.","Randeep Ramesh, who is social affairs editor for The Guardian newspaper. Thanks very much for speaking with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"We probably can't arrest our way out of this problem\" - This turn means that relying solely on the criminal justice system to solve the problem of sexual abuse is not enough. The literal meaning of the sentence would be that arresting people is not a viable solution.","questions":"What is the problem that the Council officials are blaming on collective responsibility?","answer":"Problem"}
{"text":["Explain what it means that the buyer sees more value in the brand of Sports Illustrated than the magazine itself.","Such a good question. Authentic Brands Group represents a lot of big names, some in sport, like Dr.  J - Julius Erving - Shaquille O'Neal, a lot of icons of culture that have passed - Marilyn Monroe, Elvis Presley - and some, you know, other sporting figures and brands in culture - Juicy Couture, fashion, the like. And they see. . .","It's a good collection.","It's incoherent, but it's broad. Let's put it that way. They see the ability to do things they think - in live events, in conferences, perhaps in gambling, I guess. Casinos could be branded with - or certain kinds of lotteries could be branded with Sports Illustrated - gaming, presumably - video games and the like. They think that this is a franchise that has a strong name, even if publication of Sports Illustrated is down from its heyday. You know, you think of such an important publication - the journalism of Frank Deford, of Gary Smith, of the photography of Neil Leifer and others - so many impressive works over the years. That's not what these guys are about. These guys want to draw on that intellectual property, maybe sell it, maybe find ways to wrap new products around - that name around new products."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that the collection is not well-defined or organized, but it covers a wide range of areas.","questions":"Which term best describes the range covered by Authentic Brands Group's collection?","answer":"Wide"}
{"text":["Right.","How do you think the election changed the political landscape in this country, or do you?","Well, it's changed the landscape entirely. All of the talk of the time of Bush's presidency from 2002, when we started, all the way up until Obama's election, things got more and more depressing as time went on. Even though Bush got actually elected in 2004 as oppose to the disputed election in 2000 - still, most of the news was bad news, and we had a steady diet of bad news and flubs in this, and worries about war and worries about domestic policy and civil liberties and civil rights, and it was just bad news. It was like everything was downhill. And the country was depressed, psychologically. And Bush, now that he's gone, you got a breath of fresh air. Everybody is waiting expectantly. People have been happy. They've celebrated. And now the news is always about, you know, what is going now and how is it going to play out, and with most people hoping that it will play out positively after so much depression.","Are you surprised at the level of engagement of what I would arguably say is the black community at large in the political arena, both as voters, as viewers, as readers and particularly, as political pundits."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Everything was becoming negative in their respective areas. People got a change when the new president was elected. The news is about what is happening and what will happen.","questions":"Which community showed high engagement in the political arena?","answer":"Black"}
{"text":["I am - my lips are sealed. But let's just say we are a certain kind of gypsy and we - it's very much like a family. When you've been touring together for six months or more and you're all living on a bus, you become very close and very supportive and close in good ways and bad ways.","But we feel very privileged to be able to do what we do. And the places we get to go, the people we get to meet, the stages we get to perform on, it's a privilege. It really is. It's something we don't ever want to take for granted.","I was, again, thinking back to that song, in that leafy neighborhood you described around Washington, D. C.","Well, actually, I was thinking about where I grew up - the first 10 years of my life - in Princeton, New Jersey, when I was describing that. But you're right, very much, lot of leafy neighborhoods in Washington where I have spent most of my life."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : We appreciate the opportunities we get to perform","questions":"What do they consider their touring experience to be?","answer":"Appreciate"}
{"text":["But well. . .","If you go through the list of Obama people, the top four, five, six people had not just worked in presidential campaigns before, but they worked in that critical area which gets very little attention, but is absolutely essential, and that's called field operations. It means going into states, setting up shop, organizing, getting people door knocking, getting people calling and getting delegate victories.","These people knew how to win campaigns on a local level. Importantly, very significant figures had a lot of experience in Iowa. He set his sights on winning Iowa very early.","What I found fascinating in doing this reporting is that both campaigns had the same Plan A. The Plan A was, win the first four states, attain a political victory, and not be out of personnel."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"But well...\" - This is an expression that doesn't have a literal meaning. It is an interjection that is often used to indicate hesitation, a change of subject, or a transition in conversation.","questions":"How did PersonB react to PersonA's statement about the top Obama people's experience?","answer":"Lots"}
{"text":["The president's reaction, they're happy with, I think. The alt-right - Lana actually - I asked her this specifically - I said, you know, what do you think about Donald Trump?And she said, let's be honest; he's not one of our guys. We've never thought that he was one of our guys.","But the more that he does not disavow the things that they believe in and either tacitly or directly supports them, the better.","Seyward Darby - her article \"The Rise Of The Valkyries\" is published in the September issue of Harper's Magazine. Thank you so much for speaking with us.","Thank you so much for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Thank you so much for having me.\" - The literal meaning is the speaker thanking the host for having them, and the implied meaning is likely just gratitude and politeness.","questions":"What is the speaker expressing with their words in turn 3?","answer":"Thank"}
{"text":["And you'll vote again, yes, today.","I will, although I'm pretty peeved at the Senate for putting in the baloney tax extension. I mean, I can't believe that the Senate did that. I mean, how disgusting. But we're over a barrel, we've got to hold our nose. You know, we can't let the state of California go belly up financially.","There is a real risk though, congresswoman, that even if the House passes this it goes through, the president signs it - that it won't help, that it won't unfreeze the credit markets.","We're still going to have a problem. I mean, there is no question that there is already layoff. There's going to be an economic decline. There's going to be a recession. The question is how deep and, you know, is this going to be a catastrophe or is just going to be bad. This is not the last thing we're going to have to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Passing this bill may not be enough to improve the credit market.","questions":"What is the risk that Congresswoman is referring to in turn 2?","answer":"Risk"}
{"text":["Well, she took a very strong stance and decided to convoke a disciplinary meeting at the headquarters of the National Front to reprimand officially and potentially exclude her father from the party he himself created 40 years ago.","She put out a statement that said, quote, \"her father seems to have entered a veritable spiral between a scorched-earth strategy and a political suicide. \"That's. . .","Yeah.",". . . Not making peace there, certainly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B: \"...Not making peace there, certainly.\" This turn uses the idiomatic expression \"making peace,\" which means to resolve a conflict or disagreement. However, in this context, it is used sarcastically to suggest that the daughter's actions are not aimed at resolving the conflict with her father.","questions":"Which idiomatic expression did PersonB use sarcastically to suggest that the daughter's actions are not aimed at resolving the conflict with her father?","answer":"Making"}
{"text":["Now, I guess we need to explain what hedge funds are.","Hedge funds are investment vehicles usually for very wealthy people. In fact, in the first paragraph of every hedge perspective it says, this must not be money that you need for living. This is money that you want to risk - this is a roll of the dice. The hedge funds have very few restrictions of the sort that ordinary brokers have.","So even though Wall Street seems to be blowing up or it did yesterday, the hedge funds are doing just fine. And these Masters of the Universe are ensconced happily in their Greenwich, Connecticut mansions?","Well, right now, they are swimming the tightest defensive positions they can. They're like turtles pulling themselves back into their shell just trying to wait this thing out. They could be hurt badly. In fact, today is one of the four times a year that people can take money out of hedge funds. Usually there's a certain fixed percentage that they can take out at any one time. That's for the protection of the fund itself. But still, there could be enough taken out today to seriously hurt a lot of hedge funds."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It implies that hedge funds is not for those that are poor.","questions":"Which group of people are hedge funds usually for?","answer":"Wealthy"}
{"text":["And what's interesting, I think, is Macron seemed unwilling to walk on eggshells for the American president. And by springing this Iranian visit, he seemed to make it clear that he's not going to shape the summit to avoid triggering someone like Trump. Of course, we have one more day left tomorrow, and we'll see how it goes.","And is there someone with whom the president seemed to get along well?","Yeah, there was - Boris Johnson. Of course, he's the U. K.  prime minister, and they've met on a number of occasions. They have a very natural rapport, and they're big sort of oversized personalities. As you said, they're on the same side with Brexit. And another thing I would say is that Johnson sort of feels that he needs to be cozy with Trump because he's leaving the EU, and he's desperate for a trade deal with the U. S. So it seems like Trump does have a buddy at this summit but still seems a bit distant from the other leaders of the major economies.","That is NPR's Frank Langfitt reporting from the G-7 summit in France."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Macron was not afraid to offend Trump by not shaping the summit to his liking.","questions":"What did Macron do at the summit that showed he was not afraid to upset Trump?","answer":"Iran"}
{"text":["Some of them do. But, more than that, what I'm hearing are the amount of people who are so disturbed because everything that Toby says about Rachel is something that they could be accused of. I always think of that, that the - sometimes, my behavior is forgivable in my marriage. And God forbid I should ever get a divorce. But if I did, that very same behavior would be looked at as completely reprehensible. And I think the amount of people who are struggling to find their footing in this new world - where we are supposed to have these equitable marriages and that women are supposed to be as successful as they want to be and that perhaps nobody told the men that we were given permission for that - I think, more and more, you're going to be hearing people who say, oh, my God, the things that Rachel says are things that I've said. It sounds like a miserable book. But I do want to say that. . .","No, it's not.",". . . I think that there is - (laughter). . .","It made me laugh a lot. It bubbles with the insights and funny situations."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Bubbles implies that there were many of insights and funny situations included.","questions":"How does PersonB describe the book?","answer":"Insights"}
{"text":["I think what to look at closely is oil, and oil here on the island. Cuba has - is not able to meet its own energy demands by itself and has become very dependent for the last 20 years on Venezuela's cheap oil that they're sending to Cuba. What they've done is made an exchange where Cuba gets the oil that it needs, and then Cuba sends doctors and professionals to Venezuela. And that has been severely hurt by the economic crisis in Venezuela right now. And you see that in there's gas rationing right now, and the Cuban government trying to get as much as they can in dollars and foreign currency.","One thing that they've done - you know those classic U. S. , American cars that are still here on the island?Well, those taxi drivers are feeling the pinch of the gas shortages and the oil situation right now. They have to pay very high licenses. This is new only in the last couple months. And they have gas rationing cards that they can only buy a certain amount of gasoline every month.","And Raul Castro has actually come out and warned that hard, austere times are coming. Are Cubans concerned about what they might be facing?","Definitely. And you hear that a lot."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The pinch is not physical but just a tightening of finances due to the situation.","questions":"Which type of pinch are the taxi drivers feeling due to the gas shortages and oil situation?","answer":"Financial"}
{"text":["What can Americans learn from 18 years of war?That's what the U. S.  has faced since the 9\/11 attacks in 2001. James Mattis was in position to learn. The Marine veteran served in Afghanistan and Iraq and was defense secretary under President Trump until he resigned. Mattis has a memoir - \"Call Sign Chaos. \"He avoids direct criticism of the president. When we spoke yesterday, we asked if the president thinks long term, and Mattis said only that people around him do. The general describes his own detailed planning. Before leading a force into Iraq in 2003, he read thousands of years of history of Alexander the Great and others who invaded that region before him.","What could a multi-thousand-year-old battle teach you that would be relevant in the 21st century?","Well, there's enduring aspects of leadership, and plus geography doesn't change. And so when you read about the challenges they faced, it gets you thinking about your own. I knew we were going to be operating very deep inside the Middle East, and I had to decide what was the right manner in which I wanted the troops to go in. So I used words from antiquity. From a Roman general, I used no better friend, no worse enemy. We were going in to liberate the Iraqi people from Saddam. We were not going in to dominate them. I didn't want triumphalism. I wanted to go in with a sense of first do no harm.","So you read thousands of pages and then tried to boil it down to a few phrases, or in some cases even a word, that you could pass on to thousands of people."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Studying history helps to make better decisions in the present.","questions":"What phrase did Mattis use to guide his troops into Iraq?","answer":"guide"}
{"text":["Oh, wow, it's like turning off a switch. And suddenly I was running down these trails in the dark and I didn't know where I was and I didn't know where I was going and it was getting colder. And all I could see was the distant glow of Vegas. And I was thinking, wow, I really like that city right now. I wish I were there and I didn't know how to get there.","Yeah, you obviously were able to find your way to asphalt and you were able to get back to civilization. Very nice - of course, I'm a sucker for daughter daddy stuff in the book - but you really do say that marathon running - or the training even - reminds you of the preciousness of every moment, moment after moment.","Yeah, it does. It puts you in the minute and being out there every day - bad weather, good weather, light, dark - I started this morning about nine miles ago in the dark and it was cold. And you just find yourself saying, you know, there are things in life that are important and that are worthwhile that require a little bit of sacrifice and a little bit of struggle and a little bit of suffering. It doesn't mean you shouldn't do them. And running reminds you of that all the time.","Tom Foreman - \"My Year Of Running Dangerously\" - thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  the host is wrapping up the interview and thanking the guest for being on the show. The literal meaning is simply expressing gratitude, but the implied meaning is that the interview has come to an end.","questions":"What is the name of the guest being interviewed?","answer":"Tom-Foreman"}
{"text":["Yeah, that's what's, you know, a little crazy about me because - and that's what my friends point out often. And even in the middle of terrible things happening to me, if there's one little piece of something positive happening, I'll think, yes. And I make these crazy logical leaps, like if some little positive thing happens, I suddenly think that, you know, Tom Cruise is going to star in some movie and it's going to get me, you know, bucket loads of money, and everything's fine. And it's all - they're delusions, but they keep me warm at night.","So this book just screams out to be made into a movie. It's written -no doubt - because of your skills in a very cinematic style. If it gets made into a movie, who do you want to play you?","There are a couple of people. I mean, I would think Terrance Howard would be terrific because he's so handsome, and I would feel like, wow, that's such an idealized version of myself.","And I love - you know, I love Don Cheadle, as well. He's so brilliant, and I would be honored if either one of them would play me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The turn in (1) where the speaker talks about making \"crazy logical leaps\" and having \"delusions\" that keep them \"warm at night\" is an example of a non-literal meaning, as they are using figurative language to describe their thought processes and coping mechanisms.","questions":"Which literary technique is used by the speaker in turn 0?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":["You got it, my friend. They did that, and they're apt to do more. And right now I guess the point we ought to talk about to you and your listeners, understanding that I'm not there, and I'm not a player, a participant, but yet I'm a player, one of the outside groups that finds his way in through cracks and corners and talks to the people over there.","I think they are trying to get something, led by the secretary of the Treasury, who's Geithner. . .","Tim Geithner.","Yeah, he's terrific, I think. Republicans have a wonderful man in Boehner, that Boehner's a straight shooter. Geithner is a very smart guy, and he acts fair to the Republicans. So I would think that he would be able to negotiate as well as anybody. And Tim Geithner, he's - I've talked with him many times before this thing started and occasionally since they've been in closed quarters."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite not being a participant, I have influence.","questions":"Which group does the speaker belong to?","answer":"Outside"}
{"text":["This was after years of drift. There is this new energy, this new vigor in this relationship, and there's also enormous excitement, Scott, over the president and the first lady returning to India. The president has this coveted seat at this dazzling display of Indian military hardware during Monday's Republic Day parade, which is actually meant to commemorate the Constitution. And he'll see in a flyover this huge U. S. -made Super Hercules lifter, a testament to the close defense ties between India and the U. S.","And is the president arriving at a time of enthusiasm in India?","Oh, he certainly is. They're here at a very heavy time. The stock market is on this bull run. It's hitting record highs. The IMF predicts that India's growth will actually outpace China's by 2016. So there's this energy here and there's this hope for improving the lives of 1. 2 billion people, but that requires a lot of change. And that's what the president won't necessarily see - the 300 million Indians who don't have electricity, the 600 million who don't have access to clean toilets.","Speaking of energy, should we expect anything concrete out of these meetings?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"concrete out of these meetings\" is a figurative expression that means specific, tangible results or agreements that are expected to emerge from the meetings.","questions":"Which expression means specific, tangible results or agreements that are expected to emerge from the meetings?","answer":"Concrete"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Anthony Leiserowitz of the - he's the director of the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication at Yale. How can you follow up with this?Can you keep coming up with new polls so we can follow this?","Oh, absolutely. We'll be doing this at least twice a year and, of course, we have lots of other colleagues around the country that are also surveying on this exact same topics.","And will we know if this does move into the - more into the political discourse as well as the public discourse?","Well, I think we'll see it. I mean, first of all, you can see it in the amount of - number of times that the president talks about this, that candidate Mitt Romney talks about this, as well as across the board. I mean, remember, it's not just the presidential election. There are some Senate races and congressional races all over this country. And what we're seeing is that a lot of people are beginning to ask the question about climate change."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"And will we know if this does move into the - more into the political discourse as well as the public discourse?\" - This is a literal question about whether or not the topic of climate change will become more prominent in political and public discussions.","questions":"What is the topic of discussion regarding its potential prominence in political and public discourse?","answer":"Prominence"}
{"text":["People go armed with treats and halters, and so they're able to catch them. And, you know, mostly, if you're calm, the horses stay calm.","Horses eat a lot, don't they?How do you care for every one?","Sure thing. Well, many of us were able to grab hay and some supplies as we were evacuating our barn. So we came with food and some items in hand. But the local seed stores have been donating all kinds of hay and shavings and pellets. So we have had, again, tremendous support from the local community, making sure that every horse here is fed.","Can you smell the smoke, see the fire?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The horses can be tamed and controlled if people approach them calmly and gently.","questions":"What is the key to tame horses according to turn 1?","answer":"Gently"}
{"text":[". . . He had some important local impact. And that is something that we should not lose sight of - is that the journalists that are being targeted in Mexico are local journalists doing the work that no other news organization, the large news organizations are not doing, which is expose. . .","Yeah.",". . . Corruption, expose crime, expose government negligence in the localities and cities and towns across Mexico, and we are being deprived of those voices.","I gather that cartel violence is also growing in Mexico. Do you see these two facts as related?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : We are being deprived of the media that tells the stories of illegal activity in Mexico.","questions":"Which voices?","answer":"Those"}
{"text":["We reached out to everyone. And basically, they said, as so many doctors are want to say, we don't think about price when we prescribe. We just want to give, you know. . .","The best thing that's out there.","The best. But I'd have to say in this case there's not even proof that this is the best. In the studies that got this drug approved, this drug was only effective in curing toenail fungus from 6 to about 9 percent of the time after 11 months of treatment. So it's not even a very effective drug.","From your reporting on this, though, why do doctors do this?They say it's not about cost, but is there an ulterior motive - something that makes certain doctors push certain medicines?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Doctors may have an ulterior motive for prescribing certain medications","questions":"Which motive?","answer":"Ulterior"}
{"text":["Yes, I do. And one of the ways it could be would be to have more women in the House and in the Senate. We saw back in the early 1990s after the Justice Clarence Thomas controversy, Anita Hill's allegations - led a lot of women to say, why weren't there more women on that committee passing judgment on Anita Hill's accusations?- because there was not a single one. They were all men. And why can't we have more representation for our gender when we are, after all, half the population?","That led to the so-called Year of the Woman - 1992 - in which a record number of senators who were women were elected and a large new number in the House. And that we have seen somewhat rise and continue to rise. And the number of women who are in the Senate today is the highest it's ever been, but it's still a minor fraction. And it's still a minor fraction in the House. And as women become more politically active, they become more politically attuned - they are seeing these things, and they are realizing that they need to be represented in Congress to have full power and full equality in this society.","NPR's Ron Elving, thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2). The literal meaning of (2) is that a record number of women were elected to the Senate and House in 1992, and there has been a gradual increase since then. However, the implied meaning is that there is still a significant underrepresentation of women in Congress, and more needs to be done to achieve full equality and representation.","questions":"How did the Year of the Woman affect the number of women in Congress?","answer":"Increase"}
{"text":["He is now in Napa State Mental Hospital, he - until he is - can be fit to stand trial. He's been declared unfit to stand trial because of his, you know, he's psychiatrically unable to stand trial at this point. And so he's undergoing compulsory medication to try and get him ready.","And Oikos University, what's happened there, there was something of a decertification.","Yeah. This is a couple months ago, I think, and the school went above - went in front of the regulatory board because the nursing students were passing the statewide nursing exam, like the graduates were passing it at such a low rate. And I think they were put under probation for a while. And I think all of that has been cleared since, though.","And you went back to visit the school a couple of times, and I wonder, you know, the peace park is there, you went to that memorial service and reported five other people were there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated.","questions":"What was indirectly suggested in the conversation by turn 3?","answer":"probation"}
{"text":["There's tanks - a row of tanks that stretches from one end of the square to the other. It's clear that that square will have a symbolic meaning to this army for some time to come. We're now moving in front of another long line of soldiers. And as we pass, they lock their eyes on this rickshaw. And they follow us as we move by. We're still moving down the boulevard that's in front of Tiananmen Square. And it's quite remarkable how clean the square is now.","You know, the most memorable thing from that ride was a small, English sign that was hanging from a bridge. And it said, all these things must be answered for. And it was that small flicker of protest that was still there.","And for 30 years since then, the Chinese government has worked hard to erase the memory of what happened in Tiananmen Square that day. How successful has the campaign been?","Pretty successful. Ari, I have met Chinese students who came to the States to study journalism. And for the first time, they read about Tiananmen Square. And I see what happens in their heads. How could I not know about this?They've come to study journalism, and so many of them - I see that mental landscape shift. And they know that they can't be the kind of journalists that they are studying in America. They can't go back to China to do that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Chinese journalism students are restricted in reporting on Tiananmen Square","questions":"How are Chinese journalism students limited?","answer":"a"}
{"text":["The closest, I think, that the really strict mechanical scientists have come to that is eye tracking. And in eye tracking, they're really dealing with the most rudimentary kind of illusion perception. You know, they're saying, well, because we have now equipment that allows you to see exactly the focal point of the eye at any given moment, they have people watch videos of magicians, and they track the position of the people's eyes.","And they discovered - there are a couple of worthwhile things they have discovered. They have discovered, for example, that when a magician makes a straight movement from one point to another, the human eye looks at the first point and then dashes to the second point but doesn't really pay attention to the journey between those two, whereas, if the magician moves in a curved pattern, the eye follows the movement all the way. So that seems to me - that is the most profound revelation that I've heard from the people who are doing this sort of really lab-y, techie kind of stuff.","And is it something you can use or you're already out there using and you just never had a name for it?","I suppose if I ever thought about the small journeys of things, I probably would use it. I rarely do."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  A: \"I suppose if I ever thought about the small journeys of things, I probably would use it.\" Here, the phrase \"small journeys of things\" does not refer to literal physical journeys. It implies paying attention to the details or processes involved in certain actions or events.","questions":"Which phrase does PersonA use to refer to paying attention to the details or processes involved in certain actions or events?","answer":"Small-journeys-of-things"}
{"text":["Well, I brought it back from that evening on the island of Roatan, and he processed it. He had to crunch the data. There was also data that had to come from Houston that had been collected by them, and all those had to be combined to make this map. And he was working till the wee hours of the morning making these maps. And then the Internet connection was down so he went to bed. His name is Michael Sartori, by the way. He was a really fascinating guy.","But then he uploaded those images in the morning to Houston and the - one of the directors of NCALM, this organization, the National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping, a guy named Bill Carter, was the first one to look at the images and he was in West Virginia. He was about to go out and buy a refrigerator or something, and this email came in with these images attached.","He looked at them, and he said, oh, my God. He was thunderstruck. He almost immediately saw in this valley pyramids, structures, buildings, plazas, terracing, roads. He saw this incredible amount of archaeological features that he recognized immediately even though he's not an archaeologist.","So not just a lost city, a lost civilization?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Bill Carter recognized the archaeological features immediately despite not being an archaeologist","questions":"What did Bill Carter see in the valley?","answer":"pyramids"}
{"text":["Kevin, I imagine doing what you do, you can't have much of an appetite for leftovers on a day like today.","No, I probably will be eating a hamburger or something today.","Well, I wish you a very good day, and thanks for taking the time to speak with us.","Absolutely. Have a great time."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B uses the phrase \"appetite for leftovers\" to ask whether Kevin, who presumably works in the food industry, would want to eat any leftover food on that day. However, the actual meaning of the phrase is more general and refers to a lack of desire to eat food that has already been cooked or served before.","questions":"How does PersonB's use of the phrase \"appetite for leftovers\" differ from its general meaning?","answer":"Specific"}
{"text":[". . . Version of this book. When I'm writing - whether it be these hundreds of songs or this, you know, 300-page collection of complete sentences - in order to do it, I have to pretend I'm alone. But when I sat down to record the audiobook, I thought, oh, I can't pretend I'm alone anymore. Now I'm really sharing my most intimate thoughts with whoever - which is insane. Get me out of here.","(Laughter) So you've always had this - this tension around intimacy.","Yeah.","You crave it so much, but it also scares you. I mean, the decision to shave your head - even this is about intimacy in some way, isn't it?Because when I think about a woman who shaves her head, it feels like a very powerful move. It also feels intimate. Like, hey, here I am. This is me. Like. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A's decision to shave her head is about intimacy and power.","questions":"How is PersonA's decision to shave her head related to power?","answer":"Power"}
{"text":["If you've had trouble keeping up with the latest news on potential contact between Donald Trump's presidential campaign and Russia, you are not alone. Developments have been relentless. Just Friday night, The Washington Post reported that White House adviser Jared Kushner may have tried to set up a secret line of communication between the Trump transition team and the Russian government. But it's not just the constant stream of news. It's also the concepts themselves that are opaque. We've invited Jonathan Turley to the studio to help us clarify. He's a law professor at George Washington University. Thanks so much for being here today.","Thank you very much.","All right. Jared Kushner has gone from a \"person of interest,\" quote, unquote, to a focus in the investigation but not confirmed as a, quote, \"target. \"","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is expressing gratitude for being invited to the studio.","questions":"How did PersonA respond to PersonB's introduction of Jonathan Turley?","answer":"Thank"}
{"text":["Exactly so. Dopamine, the opiates, these are the chemicals of pleasure and addiction.","So, some people have questioned whether or not there really can be something like technology addiction. What makes you so sure that there is?","Well, there are certain signs and symptoms. All addictions have certain patterns. They - it really involves somebody being able to feel high from engaging in the activity, beginning to lose control over that, and find themselves really behaving in a compulsive way with it, and going into withdrawal when they are not able to engage in that, and then engaging in the behavior in spite of negative consequences. So, that general pattern holds for all addictions, and it holds very much so for these high-tech addictions as well.","Let's talk about the whole idea of withdrawal, because if you have a chemical addiction, withdrawal, you know, for example, from heroin can include things like sweats and, you know, body aches and all sorts of physical symptoms, but what do you really mean by withdrawal from technology?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Certain chemicals in the brain are associated with pleasure and addiction.","questions":"Which word is associated with addiction according to turn 0?","answer":"Chemicals"}
{"text":["Well, in some states, let's say New Mexico, Latinos went for Obama 69 to 30. So that was quite decisive. And in Colorado, it was also a decisive victory, 73 to 27 for Obama.","You know, thinking back to the primaries, there was a question at one point about whether Barack Obama would be able to appeal to Latinos. This was sort of one of the great problems he was supposed to have. And he seems to have solved that problem rather decisively.","Now, let's talk about white voters. That was also a big question mark. And he did get a firm portion of white voters, the largest share of white support of any Democrat in a two-man race since 1976. But still more white voters went for McCain.","One of things that Obama was able to do is shrink that margin. Republicans tend to do better with white voters and have traditionally done better. So, it's not surprising that they went to the Republican. What's important for Obama as a governing matter is that he was able to shrink that margin, that he doesn't seem to have a quote, unquote \"problem\" with those kinds of voters. Again, this was a big issue during the primaries and in the general election, and, in fact, among younger white voters, he did quite well."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Obama received significant white support but still lost the white vote","questions":"How did Obama fare among white voters?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Good.","They did have generators working, as did the airports. Now, officials are saying that this was a failure in the grid's interconnection system, which happened in the northeast, between two big installations there, and then triggered this unprecedented chain reaction. They don't think, by the way, that this was a cyberattack or any other kind of sabotage. But they don't exactly know what happened yet. They say it could be a couple of weeks before they do. We do know, though, that the grid and the infrastructure is not in good shape.","How are people responding to this odd Sunday?","Well, they're very angry, obviously. I mean, in Argentina, they're already facing really very hard times. Inflation there is among the highest in the world. The economy is - you know, they've got this boom-and-bust economy that's right now in such a mess that the government very controversially decided to sign on to this huge $56 billion IMF bailout. There are strikes and protests over President Mauricio Macri's austerity program, regularly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A takes credit for an idea, but it was a collaborative effort","questions":"How does PersonA respond to the power grid failure?","answer":"Angry"}
{"text":["But I think that the common thread in a lot of these cities is just that these systems are old. The systems are old and maintenance has been deferred on them. And, you know, in different ways and at different times, that's starting to catch up.","So it's part of the crumbling infrastructure problem in America?","(Laughter) Yeah, you could say that. I mean, I think that, you know - and certainly, when you think about it, these are some of the oldest pieces of infrastructure we have. Often when we talk about the crumbling infrastructure, folks are worried about our highway system or our bridges and so forth. But as you said, New York subway system is 112 years old. Boston's is even older. The rail system in San Francisco is also quite old. So this is some of the oldest infrastructure we have. And so it's not that surprising that it's starting to give out.","It's a special kind of horror to be delayed for, let's say, even half an hour or even five minutes, for that matter, in a subway car that's stalled that has no electricity that's well underneath the ground and the air is stifling. And that - just the fear of that happening is enough to drive people away, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : And that - just the fear of that happening is enough to drive people away, isn't it?\" Implicated meaning: B is suggesting that the fear of experiencing the unpleasant situation described earlier (being delayed in a stalled subway car with no electricity and stifling air) is enough to make people avoid or choose alternatives to using the subway system altogether. The phrase \"drive people away\" implies a strong deterrent effect on potential users of the subway.","questions":"What is the implied effect of the unpleasant situation described by PersonB on potential users of the subway?","answer":"Deterrent"}
{"text":["Earlier this week, Deacon White was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame. And yes, we know, you've never heard of him. White's career began in 1871, at the dawn of professional baseball. He played catcher in the days when catchers use no equipment at all: no glove, no pads, no facemask. They became heroes celebrated for their courage and their wits, and Deacon White stood out as one of the best.","Baseball historian Peter Morris serves on what used to be called the Veteran's Committee at Cooperstown. It's now called the Pre-Integration Era Committee. He's also the author of \"Catcher: How the Man Behind the Plate Became an American Folk Hero\" and joins us now from the studios at Michigan Radio in Ann Arbor. Good to have you with us today.","My pleasure to be here, Neal.","And in your book, you argue that the generation that came of age after the Civil War looked around for some heroes and found them behind home plate."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Hall of Fame implies a recognition of being a noble and outstanding ","questions":"Which position did Deacon White play in baseball during a time when catchers didn't use any equipment?","answer":"Catcher"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Good morning.","The U. S.  has been unstoppable so far. Should the American women be worried about the Dutch?","Well, yes, the U. S.  has been amazing so far. They've only allowed three goals the entire tournament, and they've now won 11 World Cup games in a row, which is a record. But this could be a tricky match against the Netherlands. This Holland team has made it to the final by upsetting teams that were supposed to beat them. And this is, actually, only their second time playing in a World Cup. They made it to the round of 16 four years ago in Canada. But then they won the 2017 European Championships, and they've only gotten stronger since then.","All right, we'll get to Megan Rapinoe in a second. But I want to ask about the Dutch side first. Who are you watching there?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The teams were not upset emotionally but picked to win and lost.","questions":"What happened to the teams that the Dutch side upset in the World Cup?","answer":"Upsetting"}
{"text":["You mean somebody rational?","Yeah, someone he could work with.","Yeah.","That would be very good."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  while turn (3) implies agreement and understanding of the speaker's request.","questions":"Which turn implies that the speaker has a positive attitude towards the suggestion made in turn 1?","answer":"Agreement"}
{"text":["That's because they're dark horses, Tony. I don't who they are.","I know who will not be in the final four this time around. My beloved Bruins from UCLA, they're not going anywhere this year.","Serves then right.","Yeah. They had their chance, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : dark horse in this case implies an unknown entity, as in a team that no one knows of or is aware of.","questions":"How would you describe the team referred to as \"dark horses\"?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["I was very impressed, though. I mean, I think just getting to the athletes' village is a huge accomplishment.","Absolutely.","And I know that you have been behaving yourself in the athletes' village and elsewhere. Any closing thoughts before you bid farewell to the land of crumpets?","Closing ceremonial thoughts?I was one of those skeptics who said it could never live up to Beijing. I learned once again that every Olympic Games is its own moment. Danny Boyle, the movie director and artist behind the opening ceremony, he said a wise thing about his production. You know, don't even try to compete with China, which had that unforgettable mega-opening ceremony. Do your own thing was Boyle's attitude."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  Implies that the speaker was initially skeptical about the Olympics in England but changed their opinion after seeing the opening ceremony.","questions":"What was Danny Boyle's advice on competing with China's opening ceremony?","answer":"Don't"}
{"text":["And so it seemed to be really impervious to this kind of judicial reckoning. And the fact that it's happened is, of course, all the more remarkable, because of the obstacles that had to be overcome to reach this day.","It's interesting: The current president of Guatemala served under General Rios Montt all those years ago, and he says he accepts this verdict, and will carry out the measures ordered by the tribunal in terms of apologies, but he also said there was no genocide.","Well, he was a general during the period of Rios Montt's rule, and given his own background, it was expected that he would put up more resistance than he has to this trial. And as you said, he has said he respects the ruling of the court, but he has said it's not a genocide. It is a very powerful verdict. It's - genocide has been described repeatedly as the crime of crimes, and it's very difficult to prove in a court of law. And that's one of the other reasons why this verdict was widely seen as a landmark.","So, you know, his reticence is notable. I hope that he continues to maintain the position that he will respect the rule of law in this case, as the proceedings go forward."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The verdict is a powerful landmark as genocide is difficult to prove in court","questions":"Which crime has been repeatedly described as the crime of crimes?","answer":"Genocide"}
{"text":["Thanks. Glad to be with you.","So what we've been hearing a lot about is basically just a failure of these negotiations to move forward. Before we get to the nuts and bolts of it, from an economic level, how are people in Detroit dealing with what appears to be a reluctance on the part of the federal government to really enter into a bailout?","Well, I think there are really two key emotions that are at play in Detroit right now. One is fear. People are very scared because the auto industry is so important to metro Detroit, thousands and thousands and thousands of jobs. If one or more of the automakers were to go under, the ripple effect here would be catastrophic because the plant is affected and then the suppliers are affected and the restaurants are affected and the shopping malls are affected. So there'd be such a horrible cascading effect.","So fear is number one, and I think number two is anger. People see how roughly the automakers were treated, and people feel that they were being treated as autoworkers, roughly as well, when at the same time you see, you know, on a Sunday night Citibank gets $20 billion without a second thought. So people here are very angry about the different treatments Wall Street and the automakers have received."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The federal government has not provided a bailout for the auto industry in Detroit and people are scared and angry about the potential consequences of this.","questions":"How are people in Detroit feeling about the treatment of the automakers compared to Wall Street?","answer":"Angry"}
{"text":["You've got videos being produces on one. And you've got TI and Grand Hustle and Will Packer and people making movies and trying to bring them here to be shot, in addition to Tyler Perry. I mean, you got music being produced, but also these musicians, you know, taking advantage of each medium, you know, film, TV, writing songs for a commercial.","You know, Toni Braxton, here, in Las Vegas when she gets healthy again. These people are still staying here but doing things across the globe now. And you know, people were upset and concerned LaFace closed in - what was it?2000, now?Now, you look at the charts and I would bet you that ten of the top 25 R&B artists are either from - R&B, people on the R&B charts, are either from Atlanta or produced by an Atlantan.","Same for the rap charts and also pop. I mean, you said that this is a city that has an impact on black music. You know, Atlanta has made black music popular music. These are artists that are on the Hot 100, the biggest songs in the country. So, I am very hopeful.","Dee Dee, same thing."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Atlanta has contributed significantly to the music industry.","questions":"How has Atlanta impacted the music industry?","answer":"Significantly"}
{"text":["You know, we like to be considered a young couple.","We are a young couple.","But I don't know about role model and the word role model, but I like the word responsibility. And Gina and I do feel a tremendous amount of responsibility in terms of the images we project, and the fact that, hopefully - you know, we get letters all the time, and I think one of the nicest letters we received was from one of our fans that watched the show that said, you know, you gals have really enhanced my marriage. Me and my husband, we get in the kitchen, we cook, and we spend time together. And it's those types of testimonies that really motivate Gina and I, and make us feel real good about what we're doing.","All right. Now, I want you to make my taste buds jump. I am not in front of any of your food, but I want you to describe this dish that sounds so intriguing, barbequed spaghetti. What does that taste like?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : But I don't know about role model and the word role model, but I like the word responsibility. And Gina and I do feel a tremendous amount of responsibility in terms of the images we project, and the fact that, hopefully - you know, we get letters all the time, and I think one of the nicest letters we received was from one of our fans that watched the show that said, you know, you gals have really enhanced my marriage. Me and my husband, we get in the kitchen, we cook, and we spend time together. And it's those types of testimonies that really motivate Gina and I, and make us feel real good about what we're doing.  The phrase \"enhanced my marriage\" is a figurative expression that means the show has positively impacted the viewer's relationship with their partner.","questions":"How did the viewer describe the impact of the show on their marriage?","answer":"Positively"}
{"text":["Is your area of focus because you believe, you know, what's the old classic Willie Sutton line: why do you rob banks?'Cause that's where the money is.","I would say it's more where the need is. For many years, we had invested in pharmaceutical companies, some device companies. With the advent of the Internet, it was time to bring technology, information technology to health care. You know, hospital systems, payers, physicians' offices were really in the dark ages of technology. I mean, back then, we were literally just wiring up physicians with the Internet in order to get them online. And I think our view is that with better information and information sharing, there's a better coordination of care. If you think about patients which bounce around to different doctors and then have the same diagnostic tests repeated three times, that doesn't help the patient. That only adds cost to the system. And when you have miscommunications between hospital systems and physicians, then you have poor care.","Is - forgive me for putting it in a simplistic way - is health care the new real estate?","I do think there's more innovation and investment going into the area. Some of that will be unwise. It always is in venture capital. We're investing in early-stage companies. Do I think it's a bubble?No, I don't think it's a bubble. I think there are so many ways that we can improve health care delivery today that it's worth a tremendous amount of investment in systems and information to do so."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is using the phrase \"is health care the new real estate?\" as a metaphor to ask if health care is becoming a popular and lucrative investment opportunity, similar to how real estate was in the past.","questions":"Which phrase is used by the speaker as a metaphor to ask if health care is becoming a popular and lucrative investment opportunity?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":["Absolutely agree - I mean, the 20,000 Democrats that are running for president are all not going to make it to November of 2020. They have donors. They have staff. They have consultants. They've done ads. They've spent a lot of time debating and out and about. So if they need or want to make a switch to a Senate race, they're going to have all the resources in place to do that.","Well, I mean, that - you're suggesting they're warming up for a Senate run by running for president, which. . .","Well, in a year like this when you have Donald Trump, I mean, that is I think - and there's a lot of people that are looking at it going, you know, this is my shot. It's not going to be everybody's shot. But I also think you have to look at the map in totality, particularly for Democrats. They're not defending a ton of seats, and they have a lot of pickup opportunities. Colorado is probably at the top of the list. You have Arizona with a guy like Mark Kelly who had an amazing launch. You have a state like Maine. You know, I think there's a lot of positive on this map for the Democrats as well.","Twenty-two presidential candidates and there might be more by next week."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to make a switch mean they go do something else.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue means switching to a Senate race?","answer":"switch"}
{"text":["Oh, yes, they're going to do it, like, regional. You know, so that'll be able to reach more people throughout the country, which is good because not everyone can make it to D. C.  And it doesn't start in D. C. It starts in every community where the blood flowed for our freedoms.","Well, Tim Chambers, thank you for stopping by and sharing a little bit of your story with us. Thank you.","My pleasure.","That's Marine Corps veteran Tim Chambers, also known as the Saluting Marine."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The blood flowed for our freedoms refers to the sacrifices made by soldiers for our country's freedom.","questions":"How would you summarize the meaning of \"the blood flowed for our freedoms\"?","answer":"Sacrifice"}
{"text":["The government is treading a fine line. On one hand, it acknowledges that this is a regime that cannot survive, and that this is a matter of time, only. At the same time, because it's a neighbor and because the borders are still open and there is some trade going on, in addition to other reasons, the government is careful not to take matters, sort of, beyond a certain point. But I think that there is wide consensus in the region that understands that this regime has no chance of survival. The problem and the questions is, how many more people will be killed before it leaves the scene?","Again, Turkey - we know that the Free Syrian Army uses Turkey as a safe haven. Injured are brought back to be treated in medical facilities. The fighters return there to rest and re-equip and then come back. That's a very porous border in that situation. What about Jordan?Is Jordan allowing the Free Syrian Army effectively to operate from its territory?","No. There are no military operations being conducted out of Jordan for the Free Syrian Army. Jordan has received a number of defectors from Syria, including the ex-prime minister of Syria and several army officers who have defected to Jordan. But they have not engaged in any military activity, so far.","Why no?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Jordan has not allowed the Free Syrian Army to conduct military operations from its territory despite receiving defectors from Syria.","questions":"Which country has received defectors from Syria but has not allowed the Free Syrian Army to conduct military operations from its territory?","answer":"Jordan"}
{"text":["Well, Manafort has a second case. That case is here in Washington, D. C. He pleaded guilty to two conspiracy charges. This is a case that was also brought by special counsel Robert Mueller. Manafort, in D. C, agreed to cooperate with the government. That cooperation deal collapsed after the special counsel's team essentially said that he lied to investigators about a number of things.","The presiding judge in D. C. , Judge Amy Berman Jackson, agreed with the government. The maximum sentence that Manafort faces here in D. C.  is 10 years. Now, the question that hangs over all of this is whether Judge Jackson here in D. C.  is going to make him serve, whatever sentence she gives him, simultaneously or stagger it. So is he going to get another 10 years in addition to what he got in Virginia?","Any chance of a presidential pardon?","The president has not taken that entirely off the table, but his lawyers say it's not under discussion."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Any chance of a presidential pardon?\" - The actual meaning here is whether there is a possibility that President Trump will pardon Manafort, which would mean he would not have to serve his sentence.","questions":"How would a presidential pardon affect Manafort's sentence?","answer":"Noeffect."}
{"text":["Well, I think they're convening a panel tomorrow to discuss it once more. Declaring a public health emergency of international concern has big implications. So the closing of borders - you know, these are border towns. People - their livelihoods are dependent on being able to cross borders and do business.","Yeah.","Refugees who are fleeing armed conflict in DRC not being able to come into Uganda. So it - there are some serious implications on making that declaration, and I'm sure those will be considered.","How hopeful are you that this outbreak can be contained?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Declaring a public health emergency of international concern has serious implications on border towns and people's livelihoods.","questions":"How are people's livelihoods affected by declaring a public health emergency of international concern?","answer":"Livelihoods"}
{"text":["U. S.  Secretary of State Mike Pompeo blamed Iran for the latest incidents and used strong language, calling them an attack on international peace and security as well as an assault on freedom of navigation. Iran maintains that it had no role in the explosions and called the U. S.  accusations part of a campaign against Iran. And all of this is taking place as the Trump administration is hoping to pressure Iran for what it considers better terms after earlier pulling the U. S.  out of the deal aimed at curbing Iran's nuclear campaign.","So in this moment of rising tension, we thought it would be helpful to get perspective from someone who's been involved in previous negotiations between the two nations. Gary Sick negotiated the agreement that ended the hostage crisis that began during the Carter administration. He's now a senior research scholar at Columbia University's Middle East Institute. Gary Sick, welcome. Thanks for joining us.","It's good to be with you.","How do you view what happened this week?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The U.S. blames Iran for the explosions, but Iran denies involvement and considers it part of a campaign against them.","questions":"How does Iran respond to the U.S. accusations?","answer":"Denies"}
{"text":[". . . near-Earth objects, and they are very, very useful.","Yeah. What kind of metal?You looking for platinum, gold?What's the holy grail here?","Well, there's lots of different types of asteroids, and each type has a different concentration of different types of elements. So a certain type of asteroid is very high in nickel and iron. Those are useful, ultimately. Another type is very high in water, which is extremely useful. Other volatiles as well, things like methane, which you know better as natural gas.","Let me stop you there for a minute because we have plenty of water on this planet. I mean, do we have to go to an asteroid to mine it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker in (2) is implying that they are looking for something rare and valuable, such as precious metals or other valuable resources, rather than simply asking what type of metal they are looking for.","questions":"What is the speaker in (2) ultimately looking for?","answer":"Valuable"}
{"text":["To tell you the truth. On my part it was such a rarity that even I had not thought about the unassisted part of the play. I realized at the time that it was a triple play. You know, it was all three outs, but had never really thought about the unassisted part because it was such a rarity that no one ever really talked about them.","Ron, was that moment it for you in your baseball career?Is that - what could be better than that?","Well, there were some real good things that happened to me in my career. I had a fairly long career. I played in the major leagues for almost 15 years so - but I was \"Rookie of the Year\" in 1960 and that was. . .","That's pretty good."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: Was that the highlight of your baseball career?","questions":"What was the rarity that PersonA had never really thought about in the play?","answer":"unassisted"}
{"text":["And that polio virus is thought to be non-zoonotic. It's thought to be a virus that only affects humans, but it's capable of passing from humans into chimps. So it seems to have made those chimps sick and killed some of them.","Likewise, the mountain gorillas of Rwanda and Uganda, when people visit those on - ecotourist adventures, they're not allowed to come closer than within about 15 feet. The gorillas are habituated. They're perfectly happy to have people nearby.","But the people who manage those gorilla populations are concerned that diseases, human diseases, will spill over into the mountain gorillas, which are an endangered subspecies and have a relatively small gene pool. So, yes, we have to be careful that we don't give diseases to wildlife also, especially wildlife that's closely related to us and that's endangered.","It seemed like many of the viruses you talk about in this book spilled over from bats, and I don't think of them as close relations to us particularly. But do we have. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : passing implies transmission from one person or animal to another and not having legs to walk or cross sides ","questions":"What type of virus is polio thought to be?","answer":"Non-zoonotic"}
{"text":["Yeah. And it really. . .","Maybe, it's social media now.","Right. And that I'm pitiful at. But I think when you have something like a Weinstein Company, or you have Fox Searchlight, you have these big studios that have supported independent filmmaking and tried to create larger platforms for them. If you have those larger companies that have a lot of history backing you, you end up having a better foot in the door. And so I think we are a dark horse (laughter).","Why do you hope people will go to see this film?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) - \"Dark horse\" is a metaphor meaning an outsider who unexpectedly wins or succeeds.","questions":"Which term is used to describe an outsider who unexpectedly wins or succeeds?","answer":"Dark-horse"}
{"text":["You know, we like to be considered a young couple.","We are a young couple.","But I don't know about role model and the word role model, but I like the word responsibility. And Gina and I do feel a tremendous amount of responsibility in terms of the images we project, and the fact that, hopefully - you know, we get letters all the time, and I think one of the nicest letters we received was from one of our fans that watched the show that said, you know, you gals have really enhanced my marriage. Me and my husband, we get in the kitchen, we cook, and we spend time together. And it's those types of testimonies that really motivate Gina and I, and make us feel real good about what we're doing.","All right. Now, I want you to make my taste buds jump. I am not in front of any of your food, but I want you to describe this dish that sounds so intriguing, barbequed spaghetti. What does that taste like?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : But I don't know about role model and the word role model, but I like the word responsibility. And Gina and I do feel a tremendous amount of responsibility in terms of the images we project, and the fact that, hopefully - you know, we get letters all the time, and I think one of the nicest letters we received was from one of our fans that watched the show that said, you know, you gals have really enhanced my marriage. Me and my husband, we get in the kitchen, we cook, and we spend time together. And it's those types of testimonies that really motivate Gina and I, and make us feel real good about what we're doing.  The phrase \"enhanced my marriage\" is a figurative expression that means the show has positively impacted the viewer's relationship with their partner.","questions":"What is the word that Gina and PersonA like in terms of the images they project, and the fact that they get letters from fans all the time?","answer":"Responsibility"}
{"text":["What was the basis on which you were denied?","They said that we need to request a formal tour. And this is the problem. You know, I was at Homestead yesterday - the facility in Florida that houses 2,700 mostly teenage migrants. You think about it - they do these guided tours only at very specific times when they have a lot of notice about when people are going to come through. I'm told that lawyers who represent the kids in there have to sign a nondisclosure agreement so that they can't talk about the conditions in there.","It makes you wonder, what are they hiding?Why do we keep seeing images of overcrowding and of terrible living conditions, and then journalists go in there on one of these guided tours, and everything seems to be fine?","You visited another community center where there are migrant families or children. What did they tell you?Have you been able to get any reports?Or did any people who'd been in those facilities have anything to say to you about what the conditions were there?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The facility only allows guided tours at specific times and lawyers have to sign an NDA, suggesting they have something to hide.","questions":"What agreement do lawyers representing kids at Homestead have to sign?","answer":"NDA"}
{"text":["Media looks very bad on this. It looks credulous for Justice Department sources. Hatfill had filed suit against the government and, you know, sought to get the names of sources from journalists, taking them to court to do so, and to try to prove that the Justice Department had intentionally leaked this, as they sought to, you know, circle in on him and to capture him for these attacks.","Now, this year, there was a settlement, a legal settlement, for Steven Hatfill from the government.","That's right. Just a few months ago, the government essentially paid out a package - depending on how you value it - but about 5. 85 million dollars to compensate him for lost revenue over the course of his career. He lost a job at Louisiana State University, as a result of this, that he had been offered. Interestingly, the government did not exonerate him directly. Although the entire settlement tended to do that, but it not explicitly exonerate him, and nor did it apologize to him for this. CHADWICK: I don't imagine that we in the media are going to be apologizing to him either. NPR's David Folkenflik, thank you.","You bet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Media looks very bad on this.\" - The literal meaning is that the media appears to be performing poorly in reporting the news related to the Steven Hatfill case.","questions":"How did the settlement compensate Steven Hatfill?","answer":"Revenue"}
{"text":["Leading the tributes to President George H. W. Bush were several former presidents and the current president. President Trump said of Mr.  Bush, with sound judgment, common sense and unflappable leadership, he guided our nation and the world to a peaceful and victorious conclusion of the Cold War. President Bill Clinton, who defeated Mr.  Bush for the presidency in 1992, gave thanks for his great long life of service, love and friendship. Ron Elving, senior Washington correspondent, joins us. Ron, thanks so much for being with us.","Good to be with you, Scott.","He was the last of a different generation - sometimes called the greatest generation. He served in World War II, congressman, former U. S.  ambassador to China and the United Nations, director of the CIA, vice president and then after that finally president.","You know, when he first sought the Republican nomination in 1980, Scott, his TV ads called him, quote, \"a president we won't have to train,\" unquote. And that was a nod to all that preparation and experience he had had even before he was vice president."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : George H.W. Bush had a lot of preparation and experience for presidency","questions":"How did George H.W. Bush prepare for the presidency?","answer":"Experience"}
{"text":["We literally stumbled into them looking for the largest live coast redwoods. And it was akin to finding a dinosaur that was still preserved laying on its side. So, it was just dumb luck.","So, what do you do?You get a cutting from that tree and then what happens?","Well, we really didn't know at that time and we didn't even know at that time nobody had thought of it or had ever done it. That was two years ago. So, I was with my son Jake, and Jake goes, well, look, dad. Look over here on the other side. And he found some shoots that were green and they were attached to the roots and some of the base of the 35-foot-diameter stump. And he goes why don't we try these?And that's exactly how it was birthed.","So, you planted these cuttings and what'll happen?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Finding them was very similar to finding a dinosaur- a major surprise.","questions":"What was the discovery of the coast redwoods akin to?","answer":"Finding"}
{"text":["Now what we didn't hear was a huge thunderous applause that you got from the crowd. Would you run for office again?And if so, what office?","I do - I would like to run for office. I really believe very firmly in public service. I enjoyed my years as lieutenant governor. And, you know, as a small-government Republican, really began to appreciate beyond the rhetoric of just saying, you know, I want a smaller government, but really focusing on how you make government work for people and how you make it efficient - more efficient partner in our daily lives.","And so I walked away from the office with a great appreciation for the value of public service and the importance that you can play in helping small businesses, in getting healthcare where it needs to be, and in dealing with problems of crime and the things that lead up to people to do things that create problems in their community, recidivism, and drug addiction, and things like that. So yeah, I'd like to get back to it. I'd like to run for governor of Maryland one day. And we'll see if that ever happens. But yeah, it's on the table. I don't know if it's in the cards yet, but it's at least on the table.","So you're chair of GOPAC, and it aims to elect more Republicans into office. So what are you working on specifically this time around?Are there any races or any strategies you're working on?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"in the cards\" implies has a high degree of possibility. \"on the table\" implies an existing possibility","questions":"What does the phrase \"in the cards\" suggest about the possibility of running for governor of Maryland?","answer":"possibility"}
{"text":[". . . food.","And. . .","And so when someone like Roger has this incredible density of taste buds on his tongue, we call those people super-tasters. Or I refer to them in \"Taste What You're Missing\" as hyper-tasters. To me, it just sounds a little bit less caped crusader. . .",". . . than a super-taster. But what that means is that that people who have this type of anatomy, in combination with some genetic traits, are much more sensitive to sweetness, sourness. It turns out, they're also more sensitive to the heat that comes from jalapeno chilies, for example. And so. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The phrase \"less caped crusader\" is an idiomatic expression used to mean \"less superhero-like\" or \"less exaggerated.\" In this context, it means that the term \"hyper-taster\" sounds more reasonable and less exaggerated than \"super-taster.\"","questions":"How would you describe the meaning of \"less caped crusader\"?","answer":"Superhero-like"}
{"text":["That's fantastic. As you looked around, though, people might say, don't your teammates get a little jealous?Might they want to take a shot every once in a while?","Yeah. I mean, it was really cool. My shots were falling in the first half, and they kept feeding me the ball. And at half-time, I had 58 points and my teammates were more ecstatic. And they were so happy for me, and they said they were going to keep feeding me the ball. And so I couldn't ask for better teammates, how unselfish and willing they were to continue to give me the ball. And after the game, they were just as happy, if not more happy, than I was that a record was broken.","I wanted to read you a quote. You may have seen it already from Kobe Bryant who said, \"That's crazy, man. I don't care what level you're at. Scoring 138 points is pretty insane. He added, \"he must have been wearing the Mambas. Only the Mambas can have no conscience to shoot the ball that much. \"The Mambas, as you know I'm sure, is the name of Kobe Bryant's shoe.","Yeah. Yeah. Kobe's - he was my favorite player growing up. So to hear him talk about my game was pretty cool.","No conscience though?Is that - that's the scorer's mentality?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Teammates were not jealous, and were happy for the speaker breaking the record.","questions":"What was the reaction of the PersonA's teammates to their record-breaking performance?","answer":"Happy."}
{"text":["Last week, Purdue Pharma and the Sacklers reached a tentative deal with thousands of plaintiffs over those lawsuits and - which would've paid up, I guess, $3 billion out of their personal fortune. Why did most state attorneys general reject that deal?","Well, what they say, basically, Scott, is that Purdue Pharma and the Sacklers aren't paying enough under this deal. They think the family is worth around $13 billion. That's the Forbes family - the magazine estimate. And the vast majority of that came from pushing really aggressively to turn OxyContin into a bestselling drug. So these AGs want members of the family to cough up more of what they describe as ill-gotten gains.","I will say the family sent an email to NPR this week. They said the deal on the table will drain a lot of their personal wealth and mean them giving up Purdue Pharma, this company that they own outright.","What is it that New York's attorney general and her team say they found?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"drain a lot of their personal wealth\" implies to lose a lot of their personal wealth.","questions":"Which word describes the impact on the Sacklers' personal wealth if they accept the deal?","answer":"Lose"}
{"text":["That's right. That's the difference between income tax and the payroll tax, exactly that.","Exactly, exactly.","Ron Elving, NPR senior Washington Editor, always laying it out for us. He joined me here in Studio 3A. Ron, thank you so much.","Thank you, Celeste."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : laying it out implies that it was explained to others","questions":"Which NPR editor joined PersonB in Studio 3A?","answer":"Ron"}
{"text":["In diapers, exactly. But the London police haven't quite given the final say-so on that yet. But, you know, there will be a lot of protests. That may upset the president. It's controversial, but the government insists, and the diplomats insist, that he's a vital part of nurturing a special relationship, which they insist is very good for the U. K.","Because he's not only going, he's getting literally the royal treatment.","Yeah. I mean, this is as good as it gets if you're a head of state coming to the U. K. It is bells and whistles. It's pomp and circumstance. It's a banquet at Buckingham Palace, although that seems to be being boycotted by Meghan Markle, the Duchess of Sussex, also by Jeremy Corbyn, the leader of the - of Her Majesty's Opposition, and Vince Cable, the leader of the Liberal Democrats.","But I don't think that's going to take the gloss off it too much for Donald Trump. He's someone who has made it very clear this is what he wants, and we're expecting him to look like he's lapping it up."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Bells and whistles means that everything that is expensive and fancy is being done.","questions":"What is being boycotted by Meghan Markle and two other leaders in turn 2?","answer":"Banquet"}
{"text":["Well, Jackson had come into my E. R. because he had been shot, and an area surrounding the bullet wound - which was still lodged in his leg - appeared infected. And while I was examining him, a medical student handed me a piece of paper that revealed the results of a microbiological test which showed that Jackson had contracted a superbug.","And the terrifying part for him and for our team is that the infection was only treatable with one antibiotic called colistin. And that's a drug that fell out of favor years ago because it was so outrageously toxic. But here we were on the cusp of so much medical advancement, and we were reaching for outdated drugs to treat patients because the bacteria had evolved and mutated in ways that we only had incredibly limited treatment options.","From there, you take us back 100 years to a World War I battlefield in France, a field hospital actually. Tell us why you are connecting these two moments.","Well, I connect those moments because there was a similar situation of a young physician treating a bullet wound. And he was practicing medicine in the days before antibiotics. His name was Alexander Fleming. And he was only using antiseptic fluid and scalpels."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite medical advancement, outdated and toxic drugs were used.","questions":"Which drugs were used to treat the infection?","answer":"Outdated"}
{"text":["And you know, we still have, you know, we have horse farms. We have a couple of dairy farms left. In fact there's one dairy farm, the Ferris Acres Creamery, which people come from miles around it to have their ice cream. It's - they make it there. And you know, and we have hunters. And we have a couple of game, you know, hunting preserves around town. We still are in touch with that part of our tradition.","And does everybody's kids - do everybody's kids go to that particular elementary school?","No. We have, I believe, four elementary schools that feed into an intermediate school. So we have the Sandy Hook Elementary School. We have Hawley School, Middle Gate School, and the Head O'Meadow School. And my children went to the Head O'Meadow School, where I actually was in the graduating class when it first - when we first built that building in 1977. I still remember, I think, we buried some \"Star Wars\" paraphernalia in the front yard.","A time capsule."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The town has farms and preserves as part of its tradition.","questions":"How do people come to Ferris Acres Creamery?","answer":"Miles"}
{"text":["Oh, I really like the scene at DefCon. I don't think there's a single corner of the U. S.  or, you know, maybe even the world, where people take their privacy more seriously.","People pay their own way, right?Why do they go?","Well, people come here for a mix of reasons, OK?Some people are coming here for skills building. There are little villages in DefCon - as they're called. So one village, for example, teaches you how to break locks. Another village is focused on social engineering. And that's when you can learn to how to use the deep web - the parts of the web that are not on Google - to fish for information, which is a great tool for a journalist to have. Other people come here for recruitment. While this is a very countercultural space and you have, you know, mohawks and tattoos - even face tattoos - you know, this is also a place where the establishment comes over to look for their next talent. So you actually have a lot of side-conversations between people that look very different. And you can tell that people are talking about jobs and career.","Have they played spot the fed this year?I mean, has there been any government presence - any NSA on site?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning is that DefCon is a place where people with diverse backgrounds and interests come together, and it is also a place where employers come to look for talent.","questions":"Which aspect of DefCon attracts employers?","answer":"Talent"}
{"text":["Mr.  Zandi, you served as an adviser for Senator John McCain's presidential campaign, and now you've been working with the Democrats in leadership. I'm wondering, what sort of advice are you giving them for how to get out of this situation?","Well, I think the most important thing is that government policy needs to be very aggressive. We need a concerted, comprehensive, and consistent response to our economic problems. The crisis is very severe and significant. And without such a response, we're going to be in the economic soup, so to speak, for a long time to come.","And specifically - I'm sure there's many things you've suggested - could you give us a couple of highlights of concrete plans?","Well, the thing that's on the drawing board right now is the economic stimulus plan, and I think we do need a very large plan that would include increases in government spending and tax cuts.","To add to this troubled economy, we now have the latest unemployment figures out this morning from major metropolitan areas. Here's how they look. In November 2007, 18 areas reported jobless rates of at least seven percent. In November 2008, that number jumped to 121. Which areas have seen the highest unemployment rate?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : not literally served, as someone placing prepared food on a table for someone to eat, but working in a job or position","questions":"Which word in turn 0 is used to clarify the meaning of \"served\"?","answer":"Clarify"}
{"text":["Look, Farai, for years immigrants have been moving into South Africa going back to the apartheid era, to work in the mines, to work in various industries. So, immigration is not new to South Africa. But when you have the level of frustration and the depth of poverty and wealth polarization, it was a time bomb. It was just a matter of when it was going to blow up.","There was a commentary in allafrica. com that said that poverty is at the root of this. Do you agree with that?","Yes. Oh yeah, absolutely, I'd say that I mean there's many roots, and it's very likely that there was a group or grouping that actually incited these pogroms, these attacks, but fundamentally, this is about poverty. This is about frustration. This is about people saying we've been waiting for more than 10 years, for 14 years, for the fruits of our national liberation struggle to come forward, and we're not seeing it.","We're not seeing land distributed the way that it should be. We're not seeing the fundamental changes in water and electricity and other things that we've needed. We've not seen the development of housing on the level that we've needed, and this has just been boiling over."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a time bomb implies being a danger in the future and not a bomb set to explode in few minutes ","questions":"What was the implication of the phrase \"a time bomb\" used by PersonA in turn 0?","answer":"Danger"}
{"text":["Phil Simms was quarterback for the New York Giants.","(Laughter) Yeah.","This is NPR, Dan. We have to fill in the blanks sometimes.","(Laughter) I understand. Well, Bill Parcell is one of the legendary coaches in NFL history. I called Bill and, you know, 'cause saw in the press guides that Ernie was his pro player personnel director for a couple of years in the 1980s. And Bill could not remember anything about him. He says, I don't know the guy. I said, Bill, it says on the press guide that he was your director of pro personnel for two seasons when you were head coach. And he says, well, I don't remember the guy. So they're all either being very careful about it or Ernie just does not leave a personal mark with them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :   (3) Please choose a confidence score ( marks how confidence you are that there is implied meaning in this turn ) :   4 : You are not sure whether everybody will agree that this turn has implied meanings but you believe that most of them will Please write a implied meaning ( More than 8 words! ) :","questions":"What is the profession of the person mentioned in the statement?","answer":"coach"}
{"text":[". . . In terms of choices. I mean, am I wrong about that?","You know, that research is still in the early stages as well. And I don't want to undermine it or underplay it, but you have to think about things sort of globally. And one thing that you can do is - if you're concerned about sunscreen use is you can just be extra careful about covering up.","So I know for my own kid, the swimsuit I got for him has long sleeves. And I'm always putting, like, a big hat on him. So you're telling me that's not overkill.","That is not overkill. That's actually a great idea. You know, there are a lot of sun-protective clothing on the market now, so that will help protect the environment 'cause you're using less sunscreen. And it will also help protect you against any potential problems with sunscreen ingredients.","In the end, how big a deal is this study published by JAMA?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Covering up with sun-protective clothing is a good idea.","questions":"What is one thing that can help protect against potential problems with sunscreen ingredients?","answer":"clothing"}
{"text":["Finally, before I let you go today, you've said so for years you refuse to cede your faith to the corruptions of the institutional church, but now you've stopped going to Mass. May I ask you, what did you do today to connect with the divine when you would normally have been in church?","I'm in exile. I'm a man on the margin. I did not go to Mass. I did what many people do to be in touch with the holy. I walked along the harbor. I was quietly at prayer. I may not live to see what I'm calling for take place. I'll tell you this. A hundred years from now, there will be a Catholic church. And I tell you something else - it won't look at all like the church we live in now.","That's James Carroll. He's a former Catholic priest. His piece \"Abolish The Priesthood\" is in the June 2019 issue of the Atlantic.","Mr.  Carroll, thanks so much for talking to us.","My privilege. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"I may not live to see what I'm calling for take place\" implies that the speaker is advocating for a significant change in the Catholic Church that may not happen in their lifetime.","questions":"How would you describe the PersonA's attitude towards the potential changes in the Catholic Church?","answer":"optimistic"}
{"text":["Hudson is confident that Broadway Federal Bank won't be harmed by the recent spate of bankruptcies and bailouts. Though the bank specializes in real estate and caters to minority investors, it never got caught up in the subprime mortgage game that has become the downfall of other banks.","In order to play in that game, you had to have large volumes and small margins, which has made mortgages like commodities. So the Countrywides, the WAMUs, the big mortgage companies, you would lose your shirt trying to compete with it. So, really, the small banks had to stand on the sidelines while a lot of money was being made by churning these loans and fees, and people were making huge amounts of money, banks were very profitable, and we weren't able to participate. But now, you know, the kind of like slow and steady feels very good right now.","Now, Hudson says he's starting to get a lot more calls from people who want to put their money in Broadway Federal.","Here's what used to happen in the old days. People would only put 100,000 dollars in Broadway because they knew that was the maximum FDIC insurance. They put a million dollars in Bank of America. They figured, well, I only - because Bank of America only has the same insurance as we do, only a 100,000. So they left 900,000 dollars uninsured because they said, well, that's Bank of America. I'm only worried about Broadway. I'm not worried about Bank of America."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People tend to trust larger banks more than smaller banks and leave more money uninsured in larger banks.","questions":"How much money do people leave uninsured in larger banks compared to smaller banks?","answer":"900,000"}
{"text":["We're coming over the initial shock. It's a very strange situation to live in one of the wealthiest countries in the world. And we have been living in more luxury than almost any other nation on this planet, and now all of a sudden we find ourselves almost like beggars.","You talk about the swift difference between being so wealthy to now being in a totally different place. Is this what everyone - is the average person going through something like this?Or is this just a select few that went from being so wealthy to so not wealthy?","The general public here has been very, very well off. But now people that are starting to lose their jobs - hundreds of people that used to work in the banks have been losing their jobs recently. We know that a lot of companies are going to become bankrupt. We had almost no unemployment in the past years. We've been importing workers from Eastern Europe because we didn't have enough people to work in our companies.","So, how are people coping with this?Are they selling off their belongings?What are they doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker explains that even though the general public has been well off, many people are starting to lose their jobs and companies are becoming bankrupt, leading to an increase in unemployment.","questions":"Which country is the speaker referring to?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["But in those years these kids were acting, and only acting, and just acting. And they did have school, and lot of them had tutors, and do have, you know, a decent amount of education, but they don't have the kind of education that you get in a school, the kind of specialized education - they have a specialized education rather than a general one.","So I think that a lot of them don't really know what to do. And so it's hard to blame them for wanting to seize on this. I didn't want to do that. I didn't want to be a former child actor for the rest of my life, although in some ways I suppose I am. I am going to be that.","And all I can do is, you know, embrace it for what it was. I did have some wonderful experiences. Learn from the things that weren't so great and just try to get on from there.","We're talking with Mara Wilson, the recovering child actor, she describes herself, known for \"Matilda,\" \"Mrs.  Doubtfire\" and \"Miracle on 34th Street\" - now a writer in New York. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And yes, child actors are in a separate category but so are baseball players and ballet artists and violinists. There are all kinds of kids who specialize in certain things, become prodigies at it and later in life have to go on - well, there's this sort of career death."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : All they can do is accept what happened to them before.","questions":"Which child actor is now a writer in New York?","answer":"Mara"}
{"text":["Hanna was a bride. That is, she was a North Korean woman who was kidnapped in North Korea and taken to China where she was sold as a bride to a Chinese man. This is a big market in China. After 30 years of a one-child policy and Chinese couples' preference for boys, there is a severe shortage of young women in China today. And the one thing many young men want most in life is a bride. So they place an order for one from North Korea.","For how much?","It depends. Every North Korean bride I interviewed told me that she remembered the price for which she was sold, but roughly, it's $1,500 or $2,000.","And once in this relationship, if you can call it that, how did she escape?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : North Korean women are being sold as brides to Chinese men due to a shortage of young women in China","questions":"What is the reason behind the sale of North Korean women as brides in China?","answer":"Shortage"}
{"text":["Well, certainly, I think in the case of missing children, in the case of some kind of criminal act. But this is just to sort of - hey, this person came in and applied for a driver's license. And they have a Latino last name, and you might want to check that out, you know?So. . .","But can you have one without the other?I mean, once the state responds to this kind of request, can it pick and choose?","That's a question, I think, for lawyers. I don't know. I don't know how they would. I mean, I think that any legislation that we had would have to address that - under what circumstances would this be allowed?","At this point, where does that leave some of the people who advocated for this law in the first place?Are they having regrets as you are?Are you hearing from them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : having regrets implies not being happy and satisfied over an outcome","questions":"How does having regrets make someone feel?","answer":"Unhappy"}
{"text":["Yeah,. It's really amazing, yeah. It turns out he was, you know, an avid, you know, layperson but had great interest in butterflies and how they evolve and so on. And he suggested that butterflies moved in certain ways from between Asia and Europe and so on. And just about a couple of years ago scientists discovered that, you know, what he suggested is actually correct.","And how did he come up with that idea?I mean, was it based on fact?","He was really following - yeah, yeah. He was following, you know, the butterflies and, you know, and where - what kinds of species you find where and so on. He was really very interested and very knowledgeable in butterflies.","Mm-hmm. OK.  Let's move on to another famous guy: Lord Kelvin. Tell us who Lord Kelvin was and what his big blunder was."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He was a person that was not a scientist but had an interest in butterflies.","questions":"What was the person's area of interest?","answer":"Butterflies"}
{"text":["I'm bullish on it. It's a big change. We're working through all the challenges. One challenge is for creators. They use Instagram to make a living. Likes are a sign of how relevant they are, so we have to figure out some way to make sure we preserve that.","You're talking about influencers. Right?I mean, there are people who now essentially make a living off of their social media presence. And the way they show potential advertisers - look, I'm a good bet - is how many likes I get.","Absolutely. We've actually had a pretty mixed response from influencers. So I think - I'm optimistic to answer your question very directly. We aren't there yet. We're still iterating on the experience. But I am personally optimistic and really personally invested in making it work.","So the boss is bullish. (Laughter) That's the take so far."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person refuses to change their mind on what they think about the situation.","questions":"What is one word to describe the attitude of the person mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Refuses"}
{"text":["And within hours, the guy was arrested. And we could see him being taken into a police station.","With such fear in Beijing, how were you able to report the story?","You know, we couldn't hire translators. That was dangerous. Nobody answered their phones, so we just monitored Chinese television. You know, you could listen to shortwave broadcasts. You could go out on the streets. You know, I reread the transcripts of my first day reporting. And we were out with a taxi. The taxi driver, he tapped my arm under the steering wheel because he wanted me to see all the troops in the street, but he kept his eyes straight ahead.","Then we decided that we would hire a rickshaw - one of those buggies that's propelled by a man on a bike. So I put a microphone down my sleeve and a tape recorder in my bag, and we headed off. And I'm narrating what I'm looking at. And this is what it sounded like 30 years ago."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Reporting in China was dangerous and required creative measures to obtain information.","questions":"What measures were taken to report from China?","answer":"Creative"}
{"text":["Reading this book, the thing that always shone through was that you never took no for an answer. You talk about, despite all your successes, always feeling like you might never be good enough, or that people were judging you. And yet, you always sort of came back swinging, sometimes literally.","I love the word no (laughter). Because of the ADD and the dyslexic, I couldn't follow anyone's formula at all. So no to me was the yes that I needed to hear. And I wanted to succeed so I could grow my team and grow my staff as well. And a lot has to do about Boston in general. I wanted to be somebody, you know?I think so.","Barbara Lynch - her book is called \"Out Of Line: A Life Of Playing With Fire. \"Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Here, the speaker implies that they have a unique perspective on the word \"no\" due to their personal challenges with ADD and dyslexia. The literal meaning of \"no\" is a negative response or rejection, but the speaker sees it as a positive thing because it drives them to find alternative paths and overcome obstacles. It signifies resilience and determination in the face of adversity.","questions":"What word does the speaker love due to their personal challenges with ADD and dyslexia?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["And I just am saying to my Republican friends, look, I get it. I understand that there's certain things that he's said that really you can't ever look that way, but take a look. We're still months away from the election.","Mr.  Kelly, if you were advising Donald Trump - and, you know, he might hear this - is there some magic sentence that he could come up with that would - that would help heal things over?","I think he's already worked in that direction. I - I've never met Mr.  Trump, by the way, but I have been watching him. I've watched a Donald Trump who's different today than the Donald Trump I saw three or four weeks ago. I think he is a man who does understand messaging. He understands talking to people.","And as I said earlier, Mr.  Trump's success was not based just on his own ability and his own talent. It was working with many other people to get to something that was mutually beneficial. I've watched Mr.  Ryan. And I said before, he has more depth than the Pacific Ocean when it comes to policy, but he also works well with people to get to some common ground that makes sense. I would just say this - and Donald Trump doesn't need any advice from Mike Kelly. Paul Ryan doesn't need any advice from Mike Kelly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) A's comment that Paul Ryan doesn't need any advice from Mike Kelly implies that Kelly may not have the expertise or authority to offer advice to a seasoned politician like Ryan, or that Ryan may not be receptive to unsolicited advice.","questions":"Which politician may not be receptive to unsolicited advice according to PersonA's comment?","answer":"Ryan"}
{"text":["And so that's what gives them some optimism, and, while they think their internal poll numbers are better than the public polls, which, in a lot of these states, show them back - in these red states or Republican states, show McCain back, in some cases, by a double digits, they say their internal poll is showing just a few points.","Still, here is Karl Rove writing in the Wall Street Journal today. His overall tone is, never mind the polls, go ahead and vote anyway. He does cite Ronald Reagan as an example in 1980. Out of the last 14 presidential campaigns, he says, Ronald Reagan 1980 was the last time that a candidate was behind in the Gallup poll the week before the election and still went ahead to win.","Yes. That's part of the tough, uphill climb the McCain campaign faces. They face the problem of history, and they also face the problem of the actual, you know, numbers that are coming from inside the important states, as opposed to, say, the national numbers.","And also, for their long shot strategy to pay off, a lot of things that we've seen on the ground, the extraordinary enthusiasm in Democratic ranks, the registration advantage Democrats have over Republicans in these key states, those have all turned out to be not as great as advertised, and that's a lot of things that have to fall in line perfectly over the next five days."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : McCain campaign is facing a difficult challenge from Obama","questions":"What is the challenge faced by McCain's campaign?","answer":"struggling"}
{"text":["In diapers, exactly. But the London police haven't quite given the final say-so on that yet. But, you know, there will be a lot of protests. That may upset the president. It's controversial, but the government insists, and the diplomats insist, that he's a vital part of nurturing a special relationship, which they insist is very good for the U. K.","Because he's not only going, he's getting literally the royal treatment.","Yeah. I mean, this is as good as it gets if you're a head of state coming to the U. K. It is bells and whistles. It's pomp and circumstance. It's a banquet at Buckingham Palace, although that seems to be being boycotted by Meghan Markle, the Duchess of Sussex, also by Jeremy Corbyn, the leader of the - of Her Majesty's Opposition, and Vince Cable, the leader of the Liberal Democrats.","But I don't think that's going to take the gloss off it too much for Donald Trump. He's someone who has made it very clear this is what he wants, and we're expecting him to look like he's lapping it up."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Lapping it up means that he is enjoying everything very much.","questions":"What is the meaning of \"lapping it up\"?","answer":"Enjoying"}
{"text":["Because he is speaking about African Americans. And he used such derogatory terms. And to even say that not even humans want to live there hurts so many people because he is challenging their very humanity based on the color of their skin. The negativity, the disregard is a problem and should always be addressed and called out.","The statistician Nate Silver tweeted out some facts about Maryland's 7th District, which includes Baltimore and some of the surrounding suburbs. And he says it's the second wealthiest and second most well-educated majority black district in the country. Why do you think President Trump singled out this district?","Facts don't matter for this guy, OK?He sees people of color, and he describes them in the most derogatory terms. So he's hitting back at Cummings or trying to bully him just because he sits on this particular committee that is actually doing their job in investigating some of the things that are - been happening in this current administration.","The House Oversight Committee."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to call someone out means to challenge someone, be it on their beliefs or if they are bullying someone","questions":"Which committee is investigating some of the things happening in the current administration?","answer":"House"}
{"text":["Well, I mean, on the one hand, you had - the Manafort indictment does not mention Trump. And - but the guilty plea that was unsealed involving this other campaign adviser, George Papadopoulos, does mention Trump. And the greater sort of uncertainty surrounds that guilty plea at this moment because it is a signal that they already have testimony from this person, already have emails and other records showing the extensive contacts of this person with others in the Trump administration. They're basically saying we know more than you guys think we do.","George Papadopoulos - has he been wearing a wire?","That's a good question. I mean, I think it's fair to assume that Trump's lawyers are looking at that question very carefully.","Carter Page and Hope Hicks, according to reports, are going to be questioned. Carter Page has a history with and in Russia, doesn't he?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - \"Has he been wearing a wire?\" - This is a disguised way of asking if George Papadopoulos has been secretly recording conversations for the FBI as part of his cooperation agreement.","questions":"How is George Papadopoulos cooperating with the FBI?","answer":"Cooperating"}
{"text":["And both the Republican, Mark Harris, and the Democrat, Dan McCready, have weighed in on these allegations. What have they said?","So McCready went first. He said on Thursday that Harris has bankrolled criminal activity. That's a reference to a Bladen County political operative who pushed people to vote absentee by mail and then allegedly illegally harvested their ballots.","Now wait. When you say harvested, that means, you know, picking them up, opening them and discarding the ones you don't want?","Well, not necessarily. It definitely means that he picked them up from voters, which is illegal in North Carolina. You know, in this state, once you - it's your mail ballot, and you're responsible for getting it to the mailbox or to the Board of Elections. So this operative kind of went and collected them. We don't know exactly what he did with them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : McCready accused Harris of funding criminal activity through a political operative.","questions":"Which county did the political operative belong to?","answer":"Bladen"}
{"text":["Well, it first, you know, it was amphoras of wine coming in from the Etruscan area. The wine press is made out of local limestone. So that indicates that they are, you know, setting up their industry right from the materials that they have at hand. They probably need some help from the Etruscans to lay out the vineyards.","They have to have the grape vine, the domesticated grape vine that was ultimately domesticated in the Near East, that has to be transplanted probably from central Italy over to southern France, and then they have to be - the southern French have to be tutored at first in how to lay out the vineyards and how to make the wine.","How do you get - so they're bringing the roots back, the living vines, with them in a boat?","That's what we think. I mean, we have examples where grape vines are found in moist soil in the hull of the ship, and that would be probably the way it was done."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The grape vine being transplanted doesn't refer literally to one vine, it implies a species of vine.","questions":"Which term refers to the species of the grape vine being transplanted?","answer":"Vine"}
{"text":["Well, I think that where journalists and correspondents tend to stray into trouble is when they use metaphor. For instance, using words like blank slate. They tend to sort of overlook the fact that there are more than 600,000 people still living here.","Yeah, that's a pretty crowded slate. What about when you see a phrase like urban settlers?","Well, that sets off all kinds of unpleasant associations. You're talking about the process of colonization in a metaphoric sense. And typically, the people who are colonized tend to see their culture and their land and, you know, their identity despoiled.","Putting Detroit on the map."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Crowded slate\" implies that the city of Detroit is becoming crowded with people,","questions":"Which phrase did PersonB use to refer to the population increase in Detroit?","answer":"Crowded-slate"}
{"text":["Remind everyone that immigrants are one of the greatest blessings that the good Lord has brought to America. Immigrants are a blessing and not a curse. This dumb idea that Latinos are changing America - and if the manifesto is legitimate - we're not a hundred percent certain - but if the manifesto is legitimate and authentic, it speaks to a troubled individual that may very well be part of a troubled group of individuals in this country that once again want to resurrect a nativist, white nationalist mindset that will not survive in the 21st century.","My message is this - conservatives, Republicans, Democrats, liberals - let's come together, and let's annihilate white nationalism, nativistic, xenophobic attitudes in America once and for all. Let's bring the country together and let's address immigration. And it's a win-win across the board.","That's Reverend Samuel Rodriguez. He's president of the National Hispanic Christian Leadership Conference.","Reverend Rodriguez, thanks so much for talking to us once again."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker wants to address the negative views towards immigrants in America and reject white nationalism and xenophobia","questions":"Which views does the speaker want to reject?","answer":"xenophobic"}
{"text":["OK.  Let's start with those navigators you spoke of. Now, in what way have they been considered quite necessary?","So the navigators give people in-person one on one help to help choose a health plan and to sign up. And, you know, health insurance is very confusing. There's deductibles. There are the premiums. There are copayments, so it's really hard to know what services you're going to get and what it's really going to cost. But HHS says after several years, they aren't really necessary anymore because now people understand insurance better, so they don't need that kind of intensive help. Navigator defenders, though, don't agree because they say now their role is to get to those people who still after all these years haven't gotten insurance.","The ones that in a way are most confused. . .","Exactly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite HHS claiming people understand insurance better, navigators still play an important role in helping uninsured individuals choose health plans","questions":"Which group still needs the help of navigators despite HHS's claim?","answer":"People"}
{"text":["And let's talk about the rivals themselves once they were in the Cabinet. You wrote about this this week in the Los Angeles Times in an op-ed. And you noted that, two years into Lincoln's administration, there was a full-blown crisis in Lincoln's Cabinet. What was that about?","Well, we reached this point in the middle of the war - it's December 1862 - when Lincoln actually says to one of his closest friends, we are now on the brink of destruction. And he was talking about a Cabinet crisis that was the result of this friction between these rivals. There was backbiting and intrigue, and it was ugly. Lincoln survived it, and that's why we tend to forget how ugly it was. But, you know, in the first two years of the conflict, the president is really struggling to manage these balky rivals.","And they're unable to, what, subsume their own egos to that of the president's?","You know, in retrospect, I think Doris Kearns Goodwin, you know, has a lot of wisdom when she says Lincoln had great personal strength to reach out to his rivals. But at the time, it was considered tremendous weakness and therefore, people in Washington at the beginning of the administration thought he was weak, and they tried to take advantage of it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Cabinet crisis was very serious and ugly.","questions":"Which word describes the crisis in Lincoln's Cabinet?","answer":"Crisis"}
{"text":["Yeah. And that took a lot out of my legs. I was pretty fatigued by the end of the game, and I'm feeling it today.","And do - I bet you are a little tired.","But at - towards the end of the game, where you aware of the record?And where you aware you'd broken it?","I wasn't aware, actually. I think I was just so tired and so focused on scoring the basketball. There's a stretch late in the second half where I think I hit seven or eight consecutive threes, and I knew something special was going on after that."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"something special was going on\" - This expression is a colloquialism used to describe an exceptional or noteworthy event. It does not literally mean that something supernatural or magical was happening.","questions":"What does the colloquialism \"something special was going on\" mean?","answer":"Noteworthy"}
{"text":["We're in the last few weeks of the Supreme Court's current term, and justices still have loads of decisions to hand down - two dozen, to be precise. And some of those may come as soon as Monday. We'll bring in NPR's legal affairs correspondent Nina Totenberg. Nina, thanks so much for being with us.","My pleasure, as always, Scott.","Twenty-four cases in which there are no decision. I gather a dozen could be of particular interest. Which ones do you most anticipate?","Well, there are three big ones. The first is what I call the cross case. This is a giant cross on public property in Bladensburg, Md. It's a World War I war memorial. And civil libertarians have objected to it because they see the cross as a symbol of Christianity and that it ought to be on private property, maintained with private funds, not taxpayer money. We're going to see what the court does with that. My suspicion is that they're going to let the cross stand. And whatever they write probably will have a lot of impact on religious symbol cases in the future."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The court may allow the cross to remain on public property despite objections.","questions":"What is the first case that the court is expected to decide on?","answer":"cross-case"}
{"text":["I think so. I mean, I think that these experiences, again, they tend to get spectacularized, you know, and day to day things like, you know, at other universities, it might not have had these types of you, know, well-known explosive incidents. Maybe like a University of Cape Town or University of Witwatersrand.","Still, you know, it's well known on those campuses that once the dorms of the residences are for blacks, once they integrated, white students moved out. They didn't perform those same sort of stunts, but they still, you know, walked out, in protest, that they didn't want to live, you know, side by side, with blacks.","So I think that, you know, when these incidents happen, you know, they kind of shed a light on something that's kind of insidious in a lot of different universities. And again, the message that gets sent is that we're not going backwards on this, you know, that we know it's going to take time. You know, we know that it's not going to happen overnight, but universities will be integrated spaces. This country will be an integrated country, where, again, black and whites have to live side by side with mutual respect.","Zine, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies the level of Racial discrimination on Campuses.","questions":"What does the turn in the statement shed light on?","answer":"Racism"}
{"text":["You offered to do this for nothing. Is that offer still out there?","Of course.","You manage, well, you did manage $720 billion in assets. I'm not sure your portfolio's still worth 720. A month ago, it was.","Well, it's worth more now because we've grown and taken in additional assets, not because our assets have miraculously gone up in price."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A's portfolio has grown due to additional assets, not increased prices.","questions":"Which factor led to the growth of PersonA's portfolio?","answer":"Growth"}
{"text":["Well, responses have ranged from one person who said Biden was a great pick to another who said Obama made a terrible decision. But it's interesting, Joe Biden was the top choice of our unscientific online poll. We asked who Obama should pick as his VP, and 40 percent of all respondents chose him. So despite how people feel about Biden, I think a lot of people assumed that Obama would pick him. And Hillary Clinton interestingly was the second choice.","Really?As we get close - well, not closer to the convention, we are at the convention now - have you noticed an increase in the online traffic?Because I know people have really been paying attention. But now that we're here, are they really into it?","They are really into it. And everyone has an opinion. And everyone wants to make their opinion known. And that's just what they're doing.","Now, what are some of the things that we're going to be looking forward to, that our bloggers can look forward to on our website this week as part of our convention coverage?","Well, through npr. org, we have complete convention schedule so people know when to set their TiVos. We also have profiles of all the key Democratic players and we're also going to pose photo feeds from the convention floor. This morning, Michelle Obama was getting ready to make her speech and she was testing out the mics. And so we have some photos of that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite mixed feelings about Joe Biden, many assumed Obama would choose him as his VP.","questions":"What was the top choice of the unscientific online poll?","answer":"Biden"}
{"text":["Does the seriousness of this cast a shadow on the White House?Are they concerned about what, for instance, is going to be coming out today?","I think it casts a huge shadow over the White House. I think it's very serious. I want Congress to conduct full oversight on it. And I think we need to look at it. I think Congress and I think Republicans and Democrats have a duty, no matter who's in the White House, to ask tough questions, and the president can push back when they think they overreach.","Finally, with the president calling this a hoax and a scam, do you think that is wise?","Well, I - you know, I'm not going to comment on every description the president. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They want to know if the seriousness of the situation makes the government appear to be bad to the public.","questions":"What is the subject of concern in the government's appearance?","answer":"Appearance"}
{"text":["It's something that I think I've kind of really kind of gotten used to it over the years. But back when we really started taken off, it would be really strange to walk into a room with 20,000 people and you were the only African-American person in the room. I mean that happened a lot. And it's one of the things where I really had to come to grips with it.","I mean, I chose this life. I chose this job. This is what I wanted to do and, you know, I just - now it's no big deal, it's just the way it is. I love my job and I'm not going to change my job. So that just comes with the territory.","There's so many, what I call racial sharing moments going on right now and we, you know, we take them seriously, but we can also laugh at them. But sometimes have you ever felt that people ask you to be their guide into some greater understanding of blackness?","Oh, absolutely. You know, I've been playing Hootie & the Blowfish for 23 years, and we, you know, we've been doing' it. And I think my friends use me as a - like you said, as a vehicle to experience - and I know a lot of people that probably when they met me were pretty racist people, that are now really good friends of mine."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being the only African-American in a room with 20,000 people was a challenging experience for the speaker.","questions":"Which experience was challenging for the speaker?","answer":"Experience"}
{"text":["Yeah, there's quite a few of them. I looked up a couple. There's one that's e-Cycle. com. The EPA also has a pretty good index for, you know, how to find these places. There's another one called ecyclingcentral. com, where you can look up local things. And I also advise people to talk to their, you know, local landfill or, you know, contact your carrier or the maker of your phone, because I truly believe that that's something that they could, you know, do better, is - at least make it easy when you're getting that new phone to drop off the old one so that it gets recycled or reused.","Or maybe, you know, even on the box where the phone comes in, it has a label already stuck on it for sticking it back in the mail.","Yeah. That would be a phenomenal idea.","Yeah. Well, we sometimes come up with an idea."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The phone box should have a label for recycling.","questions":"What is the idea that PersonB suggests for the phone box?","answer":"Mail"}
{"text":["The body of Lucille sits in the body of Thelma. Her life circled there in the lap of her mother, who wore 12 fingers just as she wore 12, just as the baby inside of her as she sat in the body of Thelma wore 12.","Lucille there in the middle, lived her light-filled life, never losing her daughter seat, dying on the very day Miss Thelma died. All the daughters and sons, who long left the movies, all the poets black, who sought their lives only ordinary, recount their long calla lily fingers every day, wring their jewels into jewels hands, circling the unbroken light-filled two-headed body of the woman who keeps keeping us.","\"The Ordinary Body of Lucille\" by Nikky Finney, our guest. I have to ask you, jewels into jewels. That line is in italic.","Hmm. Yes. That's a line from Ms.  Clifton's poem. And it's - I just - I love it so much. It's one of - a thousand favorite phrases of hers."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Her mother's arms are around her as she sits in her lap.","questions":"How was Lucille sitting in her mother's lap?","answer":"Sitting"}
{"text":["And yeah. Like I said, the video can be used for good. And that's why I think the premise of body camera footage is good. But where problems emerge is when government officials and police officials push back against making that footage public because that's the whole reason. The reason is to bring transparency to police interactions. And if government officials push against that, it goes against the entire premise.","One of the very interesting points that you make in your book is that the federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades. I mean, you highlight a report that was commissioned by President Johnson, President Lyndon Johnson in 1967 in response to the Watts riots. And you said that it proposes really not so much an emphasis on technology but an emphasis on relationships, on communication and teaching police officers how to communicate better with the public, how to - it's more of like a - I don't know what word to use. Would you say humanistic approach?And. . .","Absolutely. That's a great word for it.","And that you say that there's - these kinds of - these techniques have never really been implemented because they were deemed to be too expensive. But you also point out that technology is expensive. The police departments spend a huge amount on these technologies that you say don't work. So what - my question to you is, why do you think these techniques have not gotten more traction?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : These techniques have not been implemented due to cost concerns, despite the expensive investment in technologies that don't work for police departments.","questions":"Which investment is expensive but doesn't work for police departments?","answer":"Technologies"}
{"text":["Thank you so much for having me.","And why'd you want to do that?","It really all started with her five-year portraits. I'd been searching everywhere for a new creative inspiration. And no matter where I looked, so many of the ideas for the how-tos of how to dress your little girl - dress like a Disney princess. And don't get me wrong - I love Disney princesses. But, you know, they're just characters, a writer's tale of a princess. And it really got me thinking about the real women for our girls to look up to.","Were you hoping that your daughter would ask questions like, well, who is this Amelia Earhart?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : ALL FATHERS WANT THEIR DAUGHTER TO BE LIKE DISNEY PRINCESSES BUT ITS JUST A CHARACTER NOT A REAL ONE","questions":"What sparked the PersonA's search for a new creative inspiration?","answer":"Portraits"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Hillary Clinton is drawing more attention right now for the foundation that bears her family's name than her run for president. Clinton Foundation is under scrutiny for contributions from foreign donors that were made while Mrs.  Clinton was Secretary of State. During that time, a Canadian mining financier donated millions of dollars to the Clinton Foundation. He also secured a lucrative mining deal that required approval of the State Department while Hillary Clinton was Secretary of State. Joshua Green of Bloomberg News joins us in our studios. Thanks very much for being with us.","Good to be with you.","These connections were first unearthed, to my knowledge, by Peter Schweizer, who wrote the book that's coming out next week, \"Clinton Cash. \"The New York Times has been advancing the story. You certainly have at Bloomberg News. Give us, if you could, a quick picture about what's known about the relationship between the Clinton's and this Canadian business person.","Well, Frank Giustra is his name. I interviewed him about a week or so ago. And he explained to me he met Bill Clinton at a fundraiser for tsunami victims. He was dazzled by him, was invited to become involved in his charities and has in a very big way - not only pledging or giving tens of millions of dollars but also pledging half the profits of his mining company in perpetuity to the Clinton Foundation. He landed on the board of the Clinton Foundation and actually started up the Canadian wing, something called the Clinton-Giustra Enterprise Partnership."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to me he met Bill Clinton at a fundraiser for tsunami victims = imply that Giustra has a close relationship with Clinton and was invited to become involved in his charities.","questions":"Which event led to Giustra's involvement with Bill Clinton's charities?","answer":"Fundraiser"}
{"text":["How big a deal is this for you, Freddie Hubbard?Is this sort of a moment of, you know, am I able to do and be what I once was or am I having to accept that time has put me in a different place?Are you sort of at that?","So much that because you have to realize at one time or another in your career when you get a little older, you can't do the things that you did before. Now, it's been very hard for me to accept that. I never - I felt like - I always felt like I could blow it and nothing would never happen until this happened. So now, it's - no matter how hard I practice, it just seem like I can't do the plays I did. But people tell me, they say, man, you don't have to prove nothing. All you have to do is play good enough to get your point across because you're not going to play like - I'm not going to play like I did when you played those earlier records. And I'm just - it's hard for me to accept that, you know, all I want is young (unintelligible) getting off on me, you know.","Let's go back to 1964. This is \"Breaking Point. \"","See, I was trying to play like a saxophone."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"I could blow it\" implies that he felt like he could ruin everything","questions":"How did the person feel about his ability to play before the incident mentioned in turn 1?","answer":"Ruin"}
{"text":["(Laughing) I have no regrets at all about the path I followed. But a balanced life ought to have more than just a, you know, a central focus of a career. I think it's healthy to have other interests.","So, it's therapy in a way.","Yeah, it's sort of stress management, I guess. It's difficult for me because I'm a beginner, so it's frustrating and humiliating. But at the same time, when a painting comes out good, you feel pretty good about it. So, it's - yeah it's good.","Now, as I said at the outset, you were controversial during your tenure at the CPA running Iraq basically right after the war ended. And I'm just wondering - I don't want to go back and forth through the allegations, but I'm just wondering, you know, it's been several years since you've returned and I'm wondering, do you have any regrets or would you do anything differently?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person has no regrets about the way they have lived their life.","questions":"Which aspect of their life does the person have no regrets about?","answer":"Path"}
{"text":["You could say the Republicans are ending 2013 on their highest note of the year.","That's the best thing that has happened to them. Well, 2014 looms. How are they shaping up for the midterms?","The midterms look good for Republicans. They will almost certainly hold control of the House. The Democrats would need nearly 20 seats in that takeaway. That's a big order and particularly because the president's party, in this case the Democrats, tends to lose seats in the midterms, not gain. On the Senate side, the Republicans are on the march. They need six seats to take back the majority in the Senate.","They may or may not get there, but the seats are out there to win. There are a lot of red states electing senators, some with incumbents like Louisiana and Arkansas, North Carolina where the Democrats got a struggle, others where there's a vacancy, say, in a Montana or a South Dakota."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : 2).  In the conversation, person B responds to person A's statement about Republicans ending 2013 on their highest note by saying \"That's the best thing that has happened to them.\" The implied meaning is that the Republicans had a bad year in 2013 and this is the best thing that happened to them during that year. It suggests that they did not have many good things happen to them in 2013, and this is a rare positive note.","questions":"What did person PersonB imply about the Republicans' year in 2013?","answer":"Rare"}
{"text":["Whichever direction the U. S.  is going, it's clearly not great news for the Europeans, who Iran is very close to their borders. It's just next door in the Middle East. And we've seen what happens in the Middle East doesn't tend to stay there and has direct consequences for the Europeans. So the Europeans have been trying to urge, sadly, unsuccessfully so far, for the U. S.  side to show a bit more pragmatism and realism about what it's expecting from Iran.","At the same time, you have said that Iran knows all the, quote, \"red buttons. \"Can you talk about what that means and how that can contribute to escalation?","Iran has essentially been living as a neighbor to the United States, if you think about it, for 20 years. Why?Since the invasion of Afghanistan and the invasion of Iraq, which are two big, bordering countries to Iran. . .","Where there is an American troop presence."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Middle East conflicts have a spillover effect on Europe.","questions":"Which region tends to affect Europe due to the conflicts in the statement?","answer":"Middle-East"}
{"text":["The tragedy in Burma is it's just hard for us to comprehend. It is true that the current projections are that the numbers will rise significantly. I've heard numbers as high as 50,000 people being killed. So it's something that just automatically pulls at the heartstrings.","And you know, Farai, scientists have discovered that human beings are actually wired to be altruistic, so it's a part of our DNA. It's natural for us to want to give. We see a crisis, we want to give. And so I think it's really important to acknowledge that, and to really encourage people to give. It can. The giving, overwhelming giving for a major public emergency like this can have a negative impact on other parts of the world. We've seen it in the past.","For example, when the tsunami hit Asia, several years ago, where a quarter of a million people lost their lives, you saw relief and development organizations flooded with donations. OxFam UK, at a certain point, actually had to refuse donations because they no longer had the capacity to actually program funds. So what I would actually advocate for those that are really interested in making contributions, is to give responsibly. To really look at those organizations that you are interested in making a contribution to, and making your donation in flexible kinds of ways. . .","So, for general support as opposed to necessarily for one thing."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Human beings have an innate desire to help others in times of crisis, but excessive giving can have negative consequences.","questions":"What is the potential downside of overwhelming giving during a major public emergency?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["You got a sinus infection but you taking a yeast infection medicine figuring if you lay down, it'll work its way up.","Do you believe in Mars and Venus, the whole idea that men and women are totally different?","I really do. And if I can get women to understand that every man that sleeps with you is not going to love you, then half of us will be all right.","What about the other half?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The reference to \"half\" isn't literal. it just means many women will be all right.","questions":"What does the speaker mean by \"half\"?","answer":"Many"}
{"text":["But won't you be driving down the price of platinum if you start bringing it back to Earth?","I'll tell you, Ira, nothing would make me happier. The story of aluminum, if you - it's a really interesting one if you go and look it up.","Yeah.","Even though aluminum is 10 percent of our Earth's crust, we could never get to it until the 18th century because it was in oxides and we didn't know how to get it. So back in the day of Napoleon's court, when he had his most VIP guests, he would pull out the aluminum and leave the gold and silver for the nobles."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Even though aluminum is 10 percent of our Earth's crust, we could never get to it until the 18th century because it was in oxides and we didn't know how to get it. So back in the day of Napoleon's court, when he had his most VIP guests, he would pull out the aluminum and leave the gold and silver for the nobles.\"  The literal meaning of this turn suggests that Napoleon preferred aluminum over gold and silver. However, the actual meaning of this turn is that aluminum was once considered a precious metal, and was more valuable than gold and silver during Napoleon's time.","questions":"Which metal was more valuable than gold and silver during Napoleon's time?","answer":"Aluminum"}
{"text":["Then Brenda Gayle Beasley Forrest(ph) wrote to us from St.  Helena Island in South Carolina about our series on race. She said: I encourage you to continue the dialogue on being bi-racial in America or mixed race. I know Obama wasn't vocal on this issue, but as a white woman, I think Obama missed an opportunity to claim his bi-racialness and own up to it. Why not shout out, I represent all of America, all races, like the melting pot that is America?I take offense at a half-black, half-white person is shooing their whiteness and calling themselves just black.","And finally, Richard Reed(ph) in Grand Rapids, Michigan wrote us this about the race series. He said: In our family, there were people of black, American Indian, and white backgrounds. In the generations of our great grandparents, our grandparents and our parents, we were taught to love and respect all our family members. These lines of demarcation between people remain so arbitrary and so vague.","And that's it's for letters. Thanks for writing, and please keep your comments coming.","Now NPR has a new way to chime in on our stories. Go to our program page at nprnewandnotes. org and click on a segment. There you can click on the Comments link and write us your thoughts."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Obama missed the chance to claim his bi-racialness.","questions":"Which issue did Brenda Gayle Beasley Forrest encourage NPR to continue the dialogue on?","answer":"Biracialness"}
{"text":["Well, myelin is a very complex membrane made by a cell called an oligodendrocyte, and the oligodendrocyte puts out processes that wrap around nerve axons. And the real thing that myelin does is it facilitates the electrical conduction down those nerve axons. And being a complex membrane, there are multiple lipid and protein components within that membrane that end up being attacked by our immune system in this disease.","Mm-hmm. So what you have done, at least in these early tests of nine people, seeing that it doesn't really hurt the people, is that you trick the body in a way into saying all those antigens that we normally attack, those are part of us. Let's not attack them.","That's correct. Yeah. This study (unintelligible) many years of work at our laboratory trying to develop efficient ways to induce what immunologists call tolerance, which would be only inactivating the immune cells that are carrying out the autoimmune disease - in this case multiple sclerosis - without down-regulating responses to bacterial antigens, viral antigens, et cetera, that we really depend upon to keep us healthy.","Most of the current therapies that are used in multiple sclerosis are in one way or another collectively called immunosuppressive therapies that act in one way or another to try to suppress the immune response to dampen the autoimmune disease, but in the consequence of use over a long term make people more susceptible to everyday infections and to higher rates of cancer."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Let's not attack them\" isn't literal. It just means the body won't attack the antigens. The body doesn't literally say \"let's not.\"","questions":"What does the statement clarify about the turn \"Let's not attack them\"?","answer":"Tolerance"}
{"text":["I don't know what a - difference between an executive order and a proclamation is.","Well, proclamations seem to be more rare. They do kind of echo of something royal, but it has basically the same effect as an executive order.","And how would this change what somebody who wants to apply for asylum must do?","Well, it's trying to bar asylum for people who enter the U. S.  in between ports of entry."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Proclamations have the same effect as executive orders","questions":"How do proclamations compare to executive orders?","answer":"Same"}
{"text":["Eastern Congo may be the most dangerous place on Earth, and it's getting worse. A rebel army is moving on the biggest city, Goma. Hundreds of thousands of people are running for their lives. This is the region of infamous ethnic killing between the many people who call themselves Hutus and the far fewer Tutsi.","Hez Holland is a correspondent with Reuters. He's been reporting from Goma. He joins us now. Hez, welcome. And remind us, this is also a region of enormous wealth - timber and minerals. People have been fighting over it for a long time.","At least. It's historically been a curse, what with the mineral wealth and, as you said, the timber, has been something that has been fought over for - since the Belgians. It's always been a place where minerals have been extracted and exploited, and the people have always been just pawns in the great game of any kind of colonial power, really.","Well, now, there's this rebel group led by a man named General Nkunda. He is a former Congolese general. And it is moving on the city of Goma. What are you seeing there now?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Eastern Congo is a dangerous place due to rebel armies and ethnic killings","questions":"How would you describe the situation in Eastern Congo?","answer":"Dangerous"}
{"text":["You're listening to SCIENCE FRIDAY. I'm Ira Flatow. Thinking about hitting the gym or going out for a jog this weekend?Well, we all need some kind of motivation to get us going, right?We make the plan. Well, here's a reason to do it, to stick to those plans. Researchers have found that aside from helping us burn calories and shed pounds, exercise changes the DNA, changes the DNA in our muscle fibers, which raises all kinds of questions. Just how do workouts change DNA?","Do we pass on those DNA changes to our offspring?And how do those modifications affect muscle strength and metabolism?Well, here to talk about it is Dr.  Juleen Zierath. She is a co-author of the study in the journal Cell Metabolism, and professor of clinical integrative physiology at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. And she joins us from there. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Well, hi, Ira. Thank you for your interest in our work.","We're very interested, because I don't think anybody has ever given two-minutes thought that exercise changes your DNA."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is actually expressing gratitude and appreciation for the host's interest in their work.","questions":"Which emotion does the speaker convey towards the host's interest in their work?","answer":"Gratitude"}
{"text":["My father had, you know, good collections of music from Marvin Gaye, Philip Coutre(ph) to Bob Marley. He had it all. And he was a cameraman, and he used the music to do something special with the pictures. You know, while he's playing I would sneak around and just listen. So I think music started for me then.","Were you ever in a situation, Asa, where you were torn between - because you mention your dad had Motown and Marvin Gaye, torn between the American urban music and the more traditional music of Nigeria and in Africa.","That was in, you know. It was between American, the West, you know, influence and then the church music and the street music, traditional music from Nigeria.","Now, let me make sure I heard you clearly. Did you say that it was a sin or that's what was in?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asa might have been conflicted between embracing American urban music and traditional music from Nigeria","questions":"What conflicted Asa?","answer":"Torn"}
{"text":["Latin America and Mexico. South America, by contrast is being hit with a delay. When you go to Colombia or Peru, people are aware of the bad news of the global economy, but in the local economy they do not feel the - the impact with great strength yet.","Now, we're seeing reports, for example, that say that unemployment has hit every sector in Latin America, even the bodyguards in drug-torn countries like Colombia are losing their jobs. How big an issue is unemployment?","It will become an increasingly more important issue as time goes by. Latin America in contrast, say, with Asia, is less integrated into the production chain. So the falling in exports of Latin America are essentially the fall of commodity exports. And they are not very intense in employment.","However, as the tsunami of the global problems propagates through Latin America, unemployment will start picking up in other sectors eventually including in the non-tradable sectors like services and so forth. So, in countries like Mexico, surely, the impact is already being felt given its proximity to the U. S. In other countries, it's coming with some delay. But, unemployment and recession are the name of the situation for Latin America, not financial meltdown."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : No one was hit, but the unemployment numbers have been a shock and have had a negative affect on latin america. No one fell, but numbers have gone down in exports.","questions":"What has had a negative effect on Latin America despite no one being hit?","answer":"unemployment"}
{"text":["This may sound naive, but do you think it works?Do you think what you are doing makes a difference?","Actually, yeah. I had to say so, most of the time. A child just needs some attention, little bit of guidance, you know. And just needs to know that they are not alone in this world. You know, with all these things going on around them, despite the environment that they are living in. Just to know that somebody is there and somebody is willing to listen. And willing to, you know, say wait, you know, whatever situation you maybe in. There is - you always have a choice, you know?","Mario, thank you.","OK."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Children need attention, guidance, and someone to listen to them, despite their environment.","questions":"How do children need to be supported?","answer":"Attention,guidance,listening"}
{"text":["Yes. The big topic, of course, is what he'll say about the president's unfounded claims that Barack Obama wiretapped his phones. He has also accused British intelligence of wiretapping his phones on behalf of Barack Obama. There's been no evidence produced for those claims. The British have pushed back against them strongly. People on the Hill say they have not seen any evidence of this, and Comey will be asked about that first and foremost.","OK.  And over at the Senate, the first hearings for President Trump's nomination for the Supreme Court - what kind of reception is he going to get?","Well, that's going to be the big event of the week. Neil Gorsuch, who has been nominated by Donald Trump, is going to be asked a lot of questions about his views on executive power, about Donald Trump's comments disparaging judges and the entire court system. This is one of Donald Trump's most important early initiatives. The Republicans have 52 votes in the Senate. They say if they have to change the rules so they won't need 60 to confirm him, they will do that. So it's going to be very, very hard for the Democrats to stop him. But this is just the first of many, many judicial vacancies that Donald Trump will have the opportunity to fill because of the age of judges on the bench right now and the number of vacancies.","And something else we're looking at, obviously, is what's happening on Thursday - a much anticipated vote in the House. They're voting on the repeal-and-replace legislation for Obamacare. Does Speaker Ryan have the votes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This turn has a literal meaning of cancelling and substituting a law or policy with a new one. However, in this context, it refers to the highly anticipated vote in the House of Representatives on a bill that would repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare).","questions":"How does turn 3 relate to the House vote on Thursday?","answer":"Repeal-and-replace"}
{"text":["Good to be here, Neal.","Weren't we supposed to get this thing right after 9\/11, particularly the interagency communication part?","We were sure supposed to. Somewhere along the line things, sort of, broke down and it's obviously disturbing that we haven't come as far as we thought in that time.","As you looked at what happened before the attack in Benghazi, what do you think are the important lessons to be taken away there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Interagency communication is not improved to be better than before 9\/11.","questions":"What part of the response to 9\/11 is disturbing?","answer":"Interagency-communication"}
{"text":["I'm going to have to go to Food Lion, which is 15 miles away, or the Piggly Wiggly.","Which is how far away?","Fifteen miles, and there's also a Wal-Mart, a big Wal-Mart, but I'm not going to that.","Yeah, on principal, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Yeah, on principle, right?  The literal meaning of this statement is that B is confirming that A is not going to Wal-Mart based on a principle. However, the implied meaning here is that B is suggesting that A has a personal objection or strong dislike towards Wal-Mart, possibly due to ethical or moral reasons. The phrase \"on principle\" implies that A's decision is driven by their values or beliefs rather than a mere practical consideration.","questions":"Which word suggests that PersonA has a personal objection to Wal-Mart?","answer":"Objection"}
{"text":["Yeah, I think it's good. You know, I think it's a good thing. I mean, obviously you're not always going to hear what you want to hear, but you know, it's all part and parcel of growing up and you just kind of like taking things on board. Whether you, you know - it's really down to you whether you want to take a lot of what they say on board. But I actually enjoy reading it, and I don't expect every review to be glowing or anything like that. But I think it's important to kind of know what people feel, and think about your music out there.","(Singing)","In your eyes you'll always be the greatest Something to celebrate it","This is a little bit of a digression, but there are so many people who are African-Brits, or African-Americans, in the sense of having immigrated from Africa, or having parents who did. And I think that there's a moment in time, in the U. S.  in part, because you have a Barack Obama, where people are saying, Oh, well yeah, there's all these different flavors of blackness. How does that play into your work at all?","I don't really - I don't think I'm effected by that, as such, because I kind of am originally I - you know, I was born in Zambia, so I'm African first and foremost.","But you came over so young."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It's important to receive constructive criticism for personal growth.","questions":"How does PersonA feel about receiving reviews?","answer":"Important"}
{"text":["Well, the president really is his own brand. And that's kind of a double-edged sword - right?- for Democrats. You know, there's an opportunity for them to legislate with the president. At the same time, there has been, you know, voter research that has shown that voters don't necessarily view President Trump as a dyed-in-the-wool Republican.","He's really his sort of own brand. And so the question is whether voters are going to want to punish Republicans, you know, for what they may see as the president's inability to perform, if that, in fact, turns out to be the case. Hopefully, there's going to be some legislative victories coming here in the next few months, particularly on taxes.","But, yeah, the president's going to zig, and he's going to zag. And in the meantime, I think the Republicans are going to have to do their best to try to muscle through an agenda. And the big one coming up for them is going to be this debate over taxes.","When you say muscle through an agenda, the implication is they've got to twist arms in their own party?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implication is that the Republicans may have to use strong tactics to pass their agenda, even if it means having to pressure members of their own party.","questions":"How may Republicans have to pass their agenda?","answer":"Pressure"}
{"text":["Why they're talking about it is because they feel they have to talk about it. The government of Bangladesh wants the bulk of these people to return. They also would be feeling some domestic pressures in this area, as well. And the government of Burma, I think, is feeling some of the pressure from the international community and feels some need to be responsive. But the real story here is this is horrifying, this discussion, to be taking place right now, given the complete absence of measures in place to ensure safety and security upon return.","As I understand it, the Rohingya, according to this agreement, will be moved from the camps in Bangladesh to a camp in Myanmar where there could be security concerns.","Oh yeah, there are no safeguards in place. There - been no serious discussion of safeguards for return. You have to realize that we're talking about one of the greatest crimes in recent memory - massive abuses, forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of people in a matter of weeks.","There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N.  official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The government of Bangladesh and Burma are under pressure to repatriate the Rohingya, but there are no measures in place to ensure their safety upon return.","questions":"What is the reason for the discussion about repatriation of Rohingya?","answer":"repatriation"}
{"text":["Yeah. This is, again, completely innovative. You know, part of the problem that we have with tall buildings is building them all out of glass and then having to go to gymnastics to kind of cover them up on the outside, and we see that in America. But in intense solar environments like the desert, it makes even less sense.","This is an innovative way to control this. It actually, to my knowledge, for the first time creates this skin on the outside made up of, you know, hundreds of modules, which can open and close by computer control, depending on the angle of incident sun. So if the sun's on the other side of the building, the modules open up and allow natural daylight into the space. And if the sun is incident on the building, then those modules close up and block the sun from entering.","Is what makes a tall building great the ability to actually look like it fits in with the rest of the buildings in the neighborhood or the culture of the people?","I believe so. That's - you know, as a professor, that's the thing that I advocate. I believe that a Chinese tall building or a, you know, an American tall building or a Middle Eastern tall building should be different to each other in the same way that, you know, religious and other architecture is clearly identifiable."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"having to go to gymnastics\" - This is a figurative expression that means going through great effort or difficulty to accomplish something, rather than literally going to a gymnastics class.","questions":"Which expression is used figuratively in turn 0?","answer":"Gymnastics"}
{"text":["It's not unusual for a new president to shed some of the staff that comes in with him in the first year. You know, people from the campaign, for example, who don't fit in in the new environment. But this is the earliest we've ever seen a chief of staff go. And this many departees at this high level, it's hard to think of an analog in the first six months of any other administration.","OK.  A really big legislative story this week with the Senate failing to repeal the Affordable Care Act. Is that effort dead as in really, really, really dead?","It is dead for the moment. You know, the president has been tweeting in the last 24 hours about killing the filibuster rule because it's too hard to get to 60 votes. You know, on this bill, all they needed was 50 votes and they could not get to 50 votes. And the real problem here is not process. It's the problem. They don't have consensus on health care. So it looks dead in the Senate, at least for the moment, but it could be revived in the longer run.","And just quickly, we could have started our conversation with North Korea or Russia. The world is out there, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the statement \"The world is out there, isn't it?\" has an implied meaning of \"There are many other important topics we could discuss besides the current one.\"","questions":"What is the implied meaning of the statement \"The world is out there, isn't it?\" in turn 3?","answer":"Topics"}
{"text":["Well, I got to, or. . .","Or I'm doomed. I do think it is a good time for independent artists, period. And I feel like soul music in this country really has told the story of black Americans in this country, and right now the field is kind of narrow. So, from city to city, you go and you listen to the radio, and you try to find soul music on the radio, you're either listening to hip-hop, or you're listening to oldies and dusties and R&B.","So, there's a whole big huge chasm which some of us live in part of the time at least, where where's this music?Where is the new soul music?Where are the people that are writing the classics that are going to be around in 20 years, and 30 years, and 40 years?","Well, in addition to your own songs, you have sung other folks' work. And in 2004, you sang on a tribute album for Luther Vandross. Here's a little bit of \"Forever, For Always, For Love. \""],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Soul music is not as prevalent or appreciated as it should be","questions":"What genre of music does the speaker feel is underrepresented in the current music scene? (Answer: Soul)","answer":"Soul"}
{"text":["And what a mess it's going to be because you've got 73 British seats out of 751 total. So once Brexit happens, presuming it does, you've got, you know, basically 10% of the Parliament that's just going to vanish. Some of those seats that will go to U. K.  candidates now will be abolished altogether, and others will be redistributed to other member states, who also very much would've liked to have that happen before these elections. But the U. K.  is going to play a huge role in electing a body that it won't even be a member of long-term.","It sounds incredibly messy. I want to ask also about these nationalist and far-right candidates more broadly across the European Union, since we're in a time where that sentiment is on the rise. How are those candidates expected to do in places like France and Italy?","Well, France and Italy are two places where they're expected to do quite well. You've got Marine Le Pen running basically neck-and-neck with President Emmanuel Macron's party. So that certainly is disconcerting to the mainstream political parties. And, of course, Italy's Deputy Prime Minister Matteo Salvini is one of the most popular politicians in all of Europe. So some of those parties are expected to do quite well.","And, in fact, they were just holding a meeting of 12 of these far-right parties this weekend, banding together trying to rally support ahead of the elections. And if you listen to them, they say that they could come in even second or a third political group, but polls show them still down around fourth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Neck and neck means that they are tied in voting numbers.","questions":"What term describes the position of Marine Le Pen's party in relation to President Emmanuel Macron's party?","answer":"Tied"}
{"text":["That's British Columbia, the northwest of Canada, right?","Yes. Absolutely, I'm sorry. So then another vehicle that they'd been driving was last seen on July 22. So the manhunt - they already had a few days on everybody. And they were last seen in this community in northern Manitoba. The police, the RCMP poured extensive resources, as you say, but they were not able to be located.","And some other reported sightings - there was a report that may be some men matching the description had been seen at this very isolated dump in a community way up north. Those have not been able to be substantiated. The latest tip is that they've been seen in an area called Kapuskasing in Ontario. But, again, that's still unsubstantiated at this time.","But probably each time a community is mentioned or something, I mean, people must freak out. It's pretty terrifying."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is more than one British Columbia besides the one in Canada","questions":"Which province did PersonA mention that the reported sightings were not able to be substantiated?","answer":"Manitoba"}
{"text":["Underserved communities are neglected from the outside in. You know, we're talking about citizenry that have demonstrated a love for their community, have demonstrated a loyalty to the community and city as a whole, and they are the heart and soul of culture and cuisine for so many decades in New Orleans. And to let that go, means we've lost perspective of what is truly important in the society, and that's the root of what our culture is all about, you know, the intersection between people and life itself. And when we lose the priority of that, then we've lost our way as a city. And so the 9th Ward is emblematic of that. While a lot of the city is thriving, until the 9th Ward comes back, we won't be whole, and that's why we believe we should be there as a company.","A grocery store is not everything a neighborhood needs, but it is one of the things a neighborhood needs.","Mm-hmm.","Do you hope that, alongside the growth of Sterling Farms, will come those other necessities - a better school system, the infrastructure elements of sewage and power and water - everything that the people need to get their community going again?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"a neighborhood needs\" Here, the phrase \"needs\" is used in a broader sense, indicating that a grocery store is one of the necessary elements for a neighborhood's well-being, rather than the literal physical requirements.","questions":"Which word is used in a broader sense to indicate a grocery store is one of the necessary elements for a neighborhood's well-being?","answer":"Needs"}
{"text":["All right, for more on this story, we're joined now by Leon Fresco. During the Obama administration, he was the deputy assistant attorney general and oversaw all civil immigration litigation on the part of the U. S.  government. Now he's a member of the nonpartisan DHS Advisory Council. Welcome.","Thank you.","So do you agree with the attorney general's reasoning here that there is a legal basis for doing this?","This is a very complicated case. As a legal issue, this is a 50-50 issue, and here's why. There are two clearly established principles of law that are in tension here. The first is if you are outside the United States waiting at a port of entry to get in, that is undisputed that those individuals do not have due process rights that would allow them to ask for a bond if they are detained while we're making a decision whether to let them in or not."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"there are two clearly established principles of law that are in tension here\" - The literal meaning is that there are two established principles of law that are in conflict with each other. The actual meaning is that there are two established principles of law that apply to this case, and they are in opposition to each other, making the legal issue complicated.","questions":"How would you describe the principles of law in tension?","answer":"dual"}
{"text":["Companies like Morgan Stanley, UBS, GE Financial, American Express all plan to use this new facility, and industrial companies will probably follow suit. Now, usually, this is not a market that the government has had any role in, at least as a direct lender. It used to be that these IOU's were bought by financial institutions, money market, mutual funds, and the like. The loans weren't too sexy, they weren't very risky, and the interest rate wasn't anything to write home about.","But all that changed after the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Holders of commercial paper started worrying that these corporate IOU's weren't so safe, so they stopped buying them. And then perfectly healthy businesses have been since finding it difficult and expensive to get hold of cash. So now, the Fed will become the lender of last resort yet again and try to jump start lending by others.","And then so - and loosen the credit, the credit crunch. And so, is this move - will it be more promising than all the others we've seen so far to try to loosen credit?","You know, in short, the answer is yes, with the caveat of probably. Every economist I've talked to or seen quoted today thinks this is a pretty safe move by the Fed. The government simply has to get financial institutions back to lending money more than a day at a time."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : More promising implies very beneficial and advantageous ","questions":"Which word implies that the Fed's move will be very beneficial and advantageous?","answer":"Safe"}
{"text":["Hey, Tony.","So, a recent New York Times article detailed Oprah Winfrey's growing influence, I should say, in Saudi Arabia, of all places. What's that about?","Well, yeah. \"The Oprah Show\" first broadcast in Saudi Arabia in November 2004, and it became an instant hit with women 25 and younger in that country, according to the Times. Now, the article reads, in a country where the sexes are separated, Ms.  Winfrey provides many young women with new ways of thinking without striking them, or Saudi Arabia's ruling authorities as subversive. So, you know, Oprah, love her or hate her, is always a flash point for conversation. And on our blog, Jessica writes, it's amazing to see a down to earth black woman from Mississippi appeal to so many different people here in the U. S.  and in other countries. Another reader named Zakita Jones(ph) says, I'm awed at how fast different forms of globalization are taking off and reaching other countries, but Candice James(ph) writes, Oprah works my last nerve. Saudi Arabia can have her!","Speaking of women's issues, another hot topic on our blog this week, women who are choosing to be single mothers. What's been the response?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Oprah Winfrey's popularity in Saudi Arabia is unexpected.","questions":"What country is Oprah Winfrey gaining popularity in?","answer":"SaudiArabia."}
{"text":["Thank you. Thanks for having me.","Now, the books were released on inauguration day. I don't know if that was significant or not. Tell us if it was and what inspired these collections?","Well, these collections I have been thinking about for a long time. I've been talking about it with my agent for sometime about doing something like this. The big fear was that, no publisher would be that interested in it because they wouldn't think the collection could be sustained over a period of time doing it every year. But Bantam believed it and so Bantam, we ultimately made a deal with Bantam to do it. The date wasn't really significant. I mean, the date turned out to be significant but we had set the date a long time before and we were just hoping that Obama would win so the date would really have some significance but it was all an accident. It turned out well though.","Now, you're going to - we've had anthologies before obviously. But the new thing about this anthology is that you're going to try to publish it annually. How difficult do you think that is likely to be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the question \"How difficult do you think that is likely to be?\" is not actually asking for a prediction of the level of difficulty. The interviewer is asking about the author's thoughts on the sustainability of publishing an anthology annually.","questions":"Which question is not actually asking for a prediction of the level of difficulty, but about the author's thoughts on the sustainability of publishing an anthology annually?","answer":"Sustainability"}
{"text":["I heard you talking to Ron about how people react - or how President Bush was reacting today, and people here who watched the speech on the Jumbotron at the restaurant where I am actually laughed at Bush's reaction shots during President Obama's speech, particularly when President Obama said America is a friend of each nation and we are ready to lead.","But other than that, people here were rapt. They sat with tears in their eyes. Couples held onto each other. They cheered through the speeches. They cheered when the Carters and Clintons came out. They even cheered when Obama's daughters were taking pictures with the camera. People here were really excited.","Would you say that there was a generational difference noticeable at all between the people who were there who responded to what they saw on the Jumbotron?","Actually, no. Where I am, people brought their children, people brought their grandparents. It was a very racially-mixed crowd, and I actually spoke to one woman. She's 64. Her name's Renee Durant(ph). She was here in 1968 during the riots. She said she was so glad to be alive to see this. Her 96-year-old father, who was in an assisted-living facility in Virginia, was watching it as well, and they were so glad to be here. Across the table from her was a white couple who brought their toddler, who was wearing an Obama T-shirt. They were equally glad to be here. It was really quite something to watch. Very emotional.","So from their standpoint, it clearly is, truly is a new day and a new way of looking at things, correct?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The crowd was emotionally invested in the event, regardless of their race or age","questions":"How were the attendees emotionally invested in the event?","answer":"rapt"}
{"text":["What do you think - if this decision is permanent, what do you think the U. S.  will miss by not being a member of UNESCO?","Oh, I think the U. S.  will miss a lot. It's a big loss for the United Nations family because we are part of this family. It is a big role for multilateralism. But I believe it is also a loss for the U. S.","Irina Bokova is director general of UNESCO. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you very much for inviting me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking the listener to provide their opinion on the potential consequences of the U.S. withdrawing from UNESCO.","questions":"What will the U.S. miss by not being a member of UNESCO?","answer":"Information"}
{"text":["Well, what do you say to those people who find that analogy overblown, who say whatever drawbacks Vladimir Putin has a democratic leader, on the other hand, he hasn't undertaken to extinguish an entire people the way Adolf Hitler did?","Certainly in 1938, Adolf Hitler had not yet undertaken the Holocaust. In 1938, his arguments were reversing unjust borders, uniting old German speakers with the motherland, correcting historical injustice. This the same kind of argumentation Mr.  Putin uses. Now, of course, as of today, the analogy with Hitler remains overblown and may it remain so. Having said that, I really do not see an example of this kind of blatant land grab in recent post-war European history.","Any concern that Ukrainians who feel anxious might wind up fleeing to Poland?","We've had our first 100 refugees, Tatars from Crimea, entering Poland over the last couple of days requesting political asylum, and we expect more. If the situation on Ukraine's eastern land borders with Russia flares up - and I'm pretty sure it will - it won't be very difficult for Mr.  Putin to whip up trouble there to make proper conduct of presidential elections impossible - then I can imagine that the numbers of refugees will not be in the hundreds but in the thousands, and Poland is Ukraine's major outlet on the European Union. So, yes, the country is getting prepared to receive and accommodate refugees. But, of course, we hope that they will not arrive."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn 2, the speaker is implying that even though Mr. Putin's arguments may sound familiar to those of Hitler in 1938, the analogy between the two is still an exaggeration.","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion on the analogy between Mr. Putin and Hitler?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["Well, what would that serious diplomacy look like?I mean, I - the United States would have to - what?- accept a. . .","It's a fair question, you know, why diplomacy would work now when it's failed in the past. I think that the breakout is a game-changer for the United States because we're directly - become directly vulnerable to North Korea. But it's also a game-changer for China because they'll either - they'll have to live with the strategic consequences of a breakout, which could - are unknown. South Korea could reassess its non-nuclear status.","So I think the conjunction of factors that we can bring China into play would have the goal of obtaining a nuclear - a freeze to lock in North Korea at its current level of capabilities. And for China - I think the conjunction of factors is that for China, they would retain their buffer in North Korea. And they would prevent these adverse strategic consequences. North Korea would maintain its minimum deterrent, and the regime would remain in power. For the United States, it would prevent this breakout, and it would offer us a not-great narrative. But we would say that this is an interim agreement toward the long-term goal of denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula.","Well Mr.  Litwak, in the minute we have left, can you really trust any - the process of reaching or signing any agreement with a regime like North Korea's?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Well Mr. Litwak, in the minute we have left, can you really trust any - the process of reaching or signing any agreement with a regime like North Korea's?\" - The implied meaning is that the person is questioning the reliability and trustworthiness of engaging in the process of negotiating or signing an agreement with North Korea, considering the nature of its regime.","questions":"How does the person in turn 3 feel about negotiating with North Korea?","answer":"Questioning"}
{"text":["(Singing) Wasting this life, I only want me and you.","I read that you think some of the melodies that you sing now remind you of powwow songs. Is there a song on this new album that sounds that way to you?","So one of the songs that comes to mind is \"Going To The Beach With Haley. \"","(Singing) I feel what I'm like with you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I feel what I'm like with you\" could mean \"you make me feel happy or good\"","questions":"Which emotion does \"I feel what I'm like with you\" imply?","answer":"happy"}
{"text":["To be honest, I don't trust Obama not a bit.","Why?","Because he keeps saying things which doesn't exist. And we were, as Arab countries, hoping when he was new elected that maybe he is a bit better than the former Bush. But it seems to be that every president come to the United States is not carrying on anything except what's help Israel, which it's their little tribe to be care.","What do you think a U. S.  military strike might do on the ground?And I know you can't necessarily know where any bombs would fall, but how do you think that'll affect your life?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"What was the reason for PersonA's lack of trust in Obama?","answer":"saying"}
{"text":["Thank you so much for wanting to talk to me.","When someone says to you, tell me about your mother, it's not a simple question, is it?","Oh, not at all, man, not at all. I look forward to it, though. My mother's an incredible model. And like most Americans, she just had a rough patch, and she was not comfortable talking about a lot of those rough patches. She had me when she was a sophomore at Jackson State University, and she got a job teaching at Jackson State maybe four or five years later after she started graduate school, so we moved to Jackson probably in 1979, 1980. And Jackson was home, and books were really home for me. She just made me read and write before I could do anything I wanted to my entire life. I thank her for my writerly practice that I still have now, but that writerly practice also enabled me to write into a lot of the gaps and a lot of the terror that I think she probably did not want me to write into.","Well - and we do have to get to that, don't we?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : rough patches means in this context a bad period of time","questions":"Which term is used to describe a difficult period of time in turn 2?","answer":"Bad"}
{"text":["Hi Farai. Great to be with you.","Always. So we've been following this situation in Zimbabwe and the situation includes a tainted election and economic collapse. Now the U. S.  has imposed new sanctions, accusing President Robert Mugabe of heading an illegitimate government that sponsors violence. Last week, the president - President Bush - signed an executive order that adds new financial restrictions against individuals and organizations linked to Mugabe's government. So South Africa criticized those new sanctions, saying they could actually obstruct these power sharing talks. What do you think?","Well I think the international community has to use everything in its tool kit to kind of acknowledge what has happened in Zimbabwe and to put pressure for change. I mean, what has happened is just unacceptable. You have had not only the flawed elections of March 29th, but again failed electoral process in June and you know, right now there is this critical period of negotiations, political negotiations that need real pressure and real support. So I think it is important that the international community does everything that it can to say that it is time for a change in Zimbabwe.","Clearly South Africa has had a lot at stake. The quiet diplomacy that we talk about with Mbeki. The quiet diplomacy has, well, brought some results, but not the results needed. And I think the African Union, the Southern African Development Community all have said that more is needed to bring really a chance for peace and also for justice in Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation in Zimbabwe is bad and the US has imposed new sanctions against Mugabe's government.","questions":"Which country criticized the new sanctions imposed by the US against Mugabe's government?","answer":"South"}
{"text":["So tell us what happened on the site last week.","Well I mean, what the culmination of a week of DDoS attacks, you know, it started off on Monday with DDoS attacks. And basically what that means is. . .","Please, go ahead. I was about to ask you what that meant.","Yeah. What happens is, you know, basically they send out little robots. They put robots on computers across the country, which make requests your website, which essentially brings your website down because of an overload of requests. So a DDoS stands for denial of service. And they do that by basically clogging up your arteries, basically, with actual requests from robots that are not regular people, and overwhelming your server."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This statement implies that the attack are intentionally used to disrupting a website's availability and causing damage to computer systems or networks. which is a cyber offense.","questions":"How can DDoS attacks be classified?","answer":"Cyber"}
{"text":["So we shall see.","But I have learned a new phrase - brass-necked. Our own brass-necked Melissa Block is covering the World Cup.","(Laughter) I'm not sure if that's a compliment, Steve. But thanks.","I don't know. If it means tough, if it means on top of things, it is you, Melissa. Own it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Melissa Block is bold and confident in her reporting.","questions":"How would you describe Melissa Block's reporting style?","answer":"Reporting"}
{"text":["And the bottom line is - I think it's a bold step because, you know, he's still is subject to the Presidential Records Information Act. So, you know, anything he does on that could in fact be subpoenaed. So - but he's used to using it. I think it's going to make him continue to have that comfort zone. I think he's probably going to be very cautious as to what messages he decides to use that for. But if people want to subpoena that he's got to go and have somebody pick up the milk maybe. . .","You know, I don't know.","The president's got a Black Ops BlackBerry. That's going to be really. . .","Yeah, but they did remove\u2026."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The bottom line means the most important fact of the situation.","questions":"How would you describe the significance of the bottom line?","answer":"Important"}
{"text":["Well, that would be an interesting question. Right now, we make a decision. We say we're going to harden particular targets to make them difficult for terrorists to attack. So yes, terrorists do act rationally and choose another target - they choose a less hardened target. The question is whether it could respond very rapidly to changing information.","Large terror attacks take a lot of work and a lot of planning. And if the market predicted a high probability of an attack in a particular place, it's not as though it's a trivial matter for a terror group to suddenly switch all of its resources to another place. I'm not suggesting this would work. It would be a tool that would be used alongside other tools. And I'm just suggesting an experiment to see if it can improve the accuracy of intelligence forecast.","And what do you say to those people who say - my God, this is hideous?It's blood money.","It is hideous in a sense. It is. There's no question. I share the revulsion of people who say - but people shouldn't profit from this. On the other hand, if allowing people to profit from this, from making these predictions, improved our ability to predict, then it might be something worth trying because of the lives it would save on the other side."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implicates that the speaker finds the idea of trading money for information about potential terror attacks morally objectionable.","questions":"Which idea does the speaker in turn 3 suggest trying?","answer":"Experiment"}
{"text":["Give us a call, our number 1-800-989-8255. You can also tweet us @scifri. Gerald Crabtree is the David Korn Professor of Pathology and Developmental Biology at Stanford School of Medicine. He's also an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Good morning, Ira.","Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?","Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Genetically-based intelligence decline is so slow that it cannot be detected within existing generations","questions":"Which type of intelligence decline is mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Genetically-based"}
{"text":["Yes, far more often. And I'm not sure we fully understand why. In this particular - the latest case, the president said he was not informed until 24 hours before Shanahan pulled out. That was just hard to believe. It's either that reflects gross incompetence on the part of his team in not telling him, or he's lying about it and\/or some combination thereof. But we don't know the answer to that.","What we do know is there has been a pattern of withdrawals from nominations that were not fully vetted, or some things popped up at the last minute. You know, both the person nominated that the president wanted to be Army secretary and the person he wanted to be Navy secretary were both knocked out by disclosures that had not come up in the early vetting.","So who's supposed to find this stuff out in the early vetting?Whose responsibility is it?","There are two institutions that are responsible, take primary lead for it - nominees who require Senate confirmation. One first and foremost is the White House working in conjunction with the Internal Revenue Service, working as well with the FBI to do a thorough financial, legal and personal conduct - and that includes domestic violence - kind of search. While that is underway - and it can take a number of weeks - the Senate itself takes up a background check. And so it's almost shocking that the senators are saying they didn't know.","Every administration has some level of dysfunction. But in a White House that is running somewhat more smoothly than this one, how would this work when it's a well-oiled machine or something close to it?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The president may be lying about not being informed","questions":"What was the reason for the withdrawals from nominations?","answer":"Disclosures"}
{"text":["Well, it's a heck of a lot more. So the total incentive package, when you include some training grants and other things like that, is $7 million over 10 years that they're being offered now. What critics are complaining about is that it appears from a certain perspective that the state is essentially rewarding Carrier, even as it ships some of the jobs to Mexico anyway. From another perspective, they're retaining, you know, a thousand jobs at least. And those jobs do produce revenue for the state through state income taxes and sales tax, and the state would argue that it - and Mike Pence would argue - that they come out ahead still on that.","I'm wondering if that doesn't make sense to you, given the fact that if those employers just left the state, there'd be no tax revenue for the state of Indiana to tap, and even more people losing jobs.","This is the gray area of economic development. You know, how many of these workers would find other jobs in this state?And in terms of these incentives, you know, these don't even appear to be the primary factor in Carrier's decision to keep these jobs here.","Is it felt that the most persuasive argument was the fact that United Technologies, which is the parent company of Carrier is a federal contractor and needs to have good relations with the federal government, which Mr.  Trump's about to head?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The state is willing to provide a financial incentive to Carrier despite knowing that some jobs will still be leaving for Mexico.","questions":"Which company is mentioned as the parent company of Carrier?","answer":"UnitedTechnologies"}
{"text":["Yeah. And it really. . .","Maybe, it's social media now.","Right. And that I'm pitiful at. But I think when you have something like a Weinstein Company, or you have Fox Searchlight, you have these big studios that have supported independent filmmaking and tried to create larger platforms for them. If you have those larger companies that have a lot of history backing you, you end up having a better foot in the door. And so I think we are a dark horse (laughter).","Why do you hope people will go to see this film?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) - \"Dark horse\" is a metaphor meaning an outsider who unexpectedly wins or succeeds.","questions":"What is the meaning of \"dark horse\"?","answer":"outsider"}
{"text":["Well, thereafter, we may be singing Christmas carols in the Capitol. It's brinksmanship, of course. They're just trying to get everybody focused and trying to get everybody to actually vote for the basic spending bills, get Congress to do their routine business. It's not routine, though, because Republican leaders can't get enough of their members to vote for spending bills. So they need Democratic votes to get the bills across the finish line. And those come with a price tag, including, for example, the issue of the DREAMers, the. . .","Yeah.",". . . People who were brought here by their parents when the parents came to the country illegally.","And how do they breach the differences between the House and Senate bills, when the promises some Republican Senate leaders made to get the votes of, say, Susan Collins of Maine and Jeff Flake of Arizona, seem to be no longer - are not contained in the House version?And the House leaders say nope, we're not going to have them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : seem to be no longer - are not contained in the House version?And the House leaders say nope, we're not going to have them,\" respectively.","questions":"What promises did some Republican Senate leaders make to get the votes of Susan Collins of Maine and Jeff Flake of Arizona?","answer":"Promises"}
{"text":["I think it may encourage a few big states, as I mentioned, to try to move away a little bit from weighing race and trying to find a way, like this top 10 law, rewarding top graduates, find a way to bring in more minority students but without giving an explicit preference in the admissions policy.","Now some will remember there was another case I think from the University of Michigan that was also broadly about affirmative action. Does the Texas case supplant that, or are we awaiting a decision on the Michigan case, as well?","We're waiting a decision on the Michigan case, as well. That will be argued in the fall. The lower court decided that on a different basis, basically said that they threw out - the lower court threw out a state proposition, a ballot measure that prohibited affirmative action in Michigan. And so that's a different legal issue, and the court's going to hear that case and decide it next year.","Well, a couple of other interesting cases they picked up for next year announced today, one of them McCullen v.  Coakley, which takes on the issue of protestors at abortion clinics. And as I understand it, their case argues that the law in Massachusetts that prohibits them from barring entry to - they have to be a certain distance away from entries to abortion clinics, that violates their right to free speech."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It may encourage states from taking race into account on college admissions.","questions":"Which issue does turn 0 address?","answer":"Admissions"}
{"text":["Exactly. That's what we did in this particular study. We looked at one aspect of vocal behavior, which is whether the mouth is open or closed. And we looked at living dinosaurs - birds. We have 10,000 species today. Most of them vocalize, sing with an open mouth. But some birds produce sound with a closed mouth. They actually inflate different structures that allow them to resonate, often at lower frequencies than many other birds. But we also needed to look at alligators and crocodiles as the closest cousins to dinosaurs.","Well, I have actually heard alligators bellow and make a terrific noise.","Well, exactly, and that bellow is a closed-mouth sound. So when we think of our T.  rex, we don't need to imagine just simple cooing. But there are a variety of generally low frequency sounds that are produced in this way.","Do you think there are other things about dinosaurs that we've gotten wrong for a long time?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker has heard alligators bellow and make a great noise. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is surprised to know that alligators produce sound with a closed mouth. ","questions":"What sound do some birds produce with a closed mouth?","answer":"Sound"}
{"text":[". . . which has its own problems. Arranged marriages are - people are speaking up for them nowadays.","Well, you know, I mean, that that is the time. The woman - he asked the hand of this woman, his late 20s. But this is also because of that, that you can have this kind of melodrama. I mean, \"Romeo and Juliet\" today, it cannot happen because if the father of Juliet today say to Juliet, you cannot marry Romeo; and she say, I don't care. And she will go out and marry him anyway. And if she marries him, then there is no more love story anymore. You know, they marry; then they had a - lots of children.","You know, imagine Romeo and Juliet and they have like, 12 kids. Who would care about their story, you know?","Romeo and Juliet go to Costco. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Who would care about their story, you know?\" The literal meaning of this turn is that if Romeo and Juliet had 12 children, their story would not be as interesting. However, the actual meaning is that the tragedy and romance of Romeo and Juliet's story would be lost if they had lived a long and mundane life with many children.","questions":"What is the actual meaning of the statement \"Who would care about their story, you know?\"","answer":"Lost"}
{"text":["In some ways, they're almost a young person's poem - some of them. The thing that I really like is her gestures towards image and metaphor that really shape her whole career. So there's this line that particularly moves me.","Say I am the air - I break - or say I am a spool unwinding. I am the spool that unwound while riding the sky down.","And I just think that's incredibly beautiful and evocative.","Erin Singer - she's an assistant professor of English at Louisiana Tech. You can see those poems in the next issue of the Fugue Literary Journal of the University of Idaho. Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The writer means that they are flexible and can move easily.","questions":"How does the line \"Say I am the air - I break - or say I am a spool unwinding. I am the spool that unwound while riding the sky down\" make the speaker feel?","answer":"Beautiful"}
{"text":["Right. So a lot of this book takes place in a world that is slightly adjacent to our own perhaps. And my wife and I are both Jewish, and we really wanted to keep our wedding very small and very simple. We didn't invite a lot of people, and a lot of people were very upset about that. But we really wanted to keep it simple and not have a big to-do. And I was shocked that even when we were both in agreement about that of how complicated it was to just have this small, simple wedding. And some of the things we wanted, I couldn't explain to you why it was that - you know, why must we get married under a chuppah?I don't know, but we both have to. Or, like, the food - I go, oh, we'll just get, like, some takeout. It's only 20 people. We're not getting takeout for our wedding.","And then I thought we were on the same page on this.","I thought we were on the same page.","We've had conversations about this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : on the same page implies having the same opinion and understanding about something ","questions":"What does \"on the same page\" mean?","answer":"Agreement"}
{"text":["Seems that this year, more Americans are making their electoral preferences known from the hereafter. Katie Falzone is vice president for operations at Legacy. com. They host obituaries for newspapers and funeral homes. She joins us now from the studios of WBEZ in Chicago, where, of course, deceased Americans can always vote. Thanks very much for being with us, Ms.  Falzone.","Thank you, Scott.","So has this really stepped up this election year.","It definitely has. I recently pulled some numbers from our site and found, you know, over the course of the past few election cycles, we've seen a huge increase. So the first year I looked at was comparing June to June numbers for the 2003-2004. We only had five references to political candidates in obituaries. This year, 119."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The increased number of references to political candidates in obituaries suggests that more Americans are making their preferences known from the afterlife this election year.","questions":"What is the reason for the increase in references to political candidates in obituaries?","answer":"Election"}
{"text":["OK. So it's clear that this poll is showing there is broad support out there for at least some changes. So how much guidance should Congress take from a poll like this to do something?","Well, you know, whether Congress will do anything actually is very much up in the air. And there's a real sense of urgency for Congress to act, especially among Democrats and some Republicans, after this summer because we saw so many mass shootings. . .","Right.",". . . I mean - Dayton, El Paso, Odessa, Texas. But here's the thing. This all comes down to President Trump. Congressional Republicans are not going to take a risk passing anything that could be seen by groups like the NRA as anti-gun, unless President Trump comes out and gives them political cover, which he hasn't yet. And Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell is not exactly going to bring anything to the floor unless he knows that President Trump is definitely going to sign this. And it's kind of risky of a move for Republicans if they don't come out for these things because, you know, the NRA was outspent for the first time in 2018 by groups that want to see these restrictions in place."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : congress is uncertain, often because other matters have to be decided","questions":"How does Congress feel about passing gun control legislation?","answer":"Uncertain"}
{"text":["Now, for a general, basic financial book, get \"Smart and Simple Financial Strategies for Busy People\" by Jane Bryant Quinn. I love Jane's work. It's a really easy book to read. You don't even have to read it from beginning to end. You can skip chapters as it applies to you.","OK.  Last question, Michelle. This comes from Jennifer Melsaff(ph) from Mulino, Oregon. She's married to a construction superintendent who recently was laid off. They're worried about their mortgage. The payments are about $650 a month. Jennifer has already turned a 30-year mortgage into a 12-year mortgage, which means she doubled each of her monthly payments. She asked if she should pay off the mortgage quickly, making higher payments now, or should she put the put the money into savings and stick to the low $650 payment.","Because her husband has lost a job, I would stop making the extra mortgage payments. They need to preserve cash until he gets another job. So if it takes longer for her husband to get a job, they have the money to pay for the everyday expenses like food and utilities and such.","Michelle Singletary answering your questions. Thank you so much, Michelle."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The book by Jane Bryant Quinn is a basic and easy-to-understand guide to personal finance","questions":"Which author's book does PersonA recommend for a basic understanding of personal finance?","answer":"Quinn"}
{"text":["According to the Census Bureau itself, the idea is to count everyone in the United States not just citizens. So if you only count citizens, that's going to reduce the power and resources provided to districts in places that have more people in the country who have immigrated here illegally. And those places would argue they need the resources and the representation.","All right. Well, let's talk about immigration. President Trump has also said his administration will move forward fairly soon with a plan to arrest thousands of migrant families in surprise roundups across major U. S.  cities. Meanwhile, DHS's IG report has shown terrible conditions for the people being held in custody. Is the president's reaction a problem for him politically?","Well, I mean, the more attention this gets, it certainly could. You know, the president is pretty, you know, focused on the fact that there haven't been, you know - on television, right?- this hasn't been something that you've seen a lot of network television cameras in. And if those conditions are things that are captured on TV, that is something that could change the narrative. But so far, the president feels like this is a winning issue for him.","Domenico Montanaro, NPR's lead political editor, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The administration does not move forward physically but initiates plans to deal with immigration.","questions":"How does President Trump plan to deal with immigration?","answer":"Arrest"}
{"text":["So to set the stage for this, the Democrat at the head of the House Intelligence Committee says that Joseph Maguire - now, he's the acting director of national intelligence - says that he's been instructed by a higher authority to not turn over the complaint. In your view, is that valid?","Well, under the statute, it is not. But the question then becomes, what is the proper role of the IG?And is the IG simply a free agent within the executive branch of the government, responsible to no one?- which would be a strange situation.","So what I'm telling you, Audie, is that this issue, if pushed to the limit - which it looks like it's going to be - raises the question of whether the - there's a separation of powers issue here. The IG has to be something other than a free agent. He was put in place under a statute designed to assist the Congress in its oversight role, but he's not a congressional employee. He's not a congressional - he's not a legislative employee.","But he is a watchdog, no?And should that. . .","He's a watchdog."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They are asking if the person watches over other's actions and controls them.","questions":"What is the role of the person being discussed in the conversation?","answer":"Watchdog"}
{"text":["No problem.","Aren't the British the original soccer hooligans?","Yeah, exactly. And the Russian fans rioting in France right now, for them the inspiration was the English football hooligan scene of the 1970s, '80s and '90s even. They see England as a spiritual home of football hooliganism, as it were.","How does football hooliganism wind up being a source of inspiration?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This statement implies that the British are known for Soccer disruption.","questions":"What are the Russian fans inspired by?","answer":"Soccer"}
{"text":["It was incredibly emotional. I mean, it was nearly midnight on what was supposed to be the last day of session. We filed this bill in February and struggled all session long just to get a hearing. And so for it to come down to the wire in this way, while states were passing these bans all around us, it just became so imperative and so frightening in many ways that what you're seeing there is relief.","That's Kelly Cassidy, Illinois state representative and sponsor of the state's Reproductive Health Act, protecting access to abortion. The bill has passed the Illinois State Legislature and now goes to Governor J. B.  Pritzker, who is expected to sign it.","Thank you very much for being with us.","Thanks much."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It did not come to a wire but came down to the last moment of the session.","questions":"How was the bill's passing situation described by the speaker in turn 0?","answer":"Relief"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . Household where they can do a little more with their income.","So what kind of minimum wage jobs are we talking about?","So we find a lot of our families do have the fast-food restaurant jobs. But we do have families that also have certified nursing assistants. We have nurses on our program. We have families with professional jobs. They're moving up. But we do see a lot of the fast-food restaurant, airport low-paying jobs at this time.","Is there advice you'd give the federal government about a jobs requirement program?","I think introducing a minimum work requirement may be a good option in the long run, but you have to take it slow. You can't just roll it out, say I - we want to do this today and roll it out tomorrow. We will impact families tremendously. We may increase homelessness because this becomes a substantial burden on families, especially our low-income families. We would definitely have a social problem in this country if we rolled it out all at once."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Many families in the program have low-paying jobs like fast-food restaurant and airport jobs.","questions":"Which type of jobs do many families in the program have?","answer":"Fast-food"}
{"text":["Yeah. And is the money - is it as big as drug money, for example?","Much more. I mean, I made drug trafficking for years. But here, we are talking about money that there's no comparison with drugs. Just to give you an idea for two reasons. First of all because these are money that's collected in advance and without risk. It's a typical business without risk because when you put 500 people in a boat, like, 20-meters long and 4-meters large and cost a few thousand euros, you get something like 1 million euros, 800,000 euros for each boat with a cost that is very, very low. And you don't risk anything because basically, you don't care if the human good - the good that you are. . .","Yeah.",". . . Trafficking arrives or not. It's not the same with drugs because is if a load of a drug is lost, of course, there is a real problem. Somebody must pay it. If 100 people died in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea but they pay in advance, there is not any kind of problem for them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) is implying that the money made in human trafficking is much greater than the money made in drug trafficking due to the low cost and lack of risk involved. ","questions":"Which type of business involves a low cost and no risk according to the turn mentioned?","answer":"Human"}
{"text":["Yeah, because, particularly when you're talking about tipped industries, where if somebody has a bad experience and they leave you zero dollars, that's your rent money. You get paid $2. 13 an hour. And particularly on alcohol-fueled public holiday, it gets even a little sketchier because you never know who's going to have, like, a fight with their friends, and nobody remembers the tip. And it's not that you did anything. It's just that drunk people are less frequently reliable as far as social norms.","You wrote a very successful book a couple of years ago, and now you're a professional writer. What are the holidays like for you now?","Oh, man, I do nothing. It's fantastic. I don't think I'm ever going to have the inclination to do a lot of work around the holidays because, to me, luxury is not doing a whole lot of anything. And it's - it's good to see the kids. That's a huge difference. I never saw the kids near the holidays. My youngest is 3. You know, seeing a 3-year-old on Christmas is pretty amazing - and not having to stress about the bills. The holidays were often the worst times of the year because you have so much extra social expectation and spending that needs to be done. You can be cheery and merry if you're not calculating in the back of your head the nickels.","So tonight, when - when people are out to have a good time, they should remember the servers that they deal with this. This is a living for them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implies that the speaker used to have a difficult time during the holidays, as they had to worry about bills and expenses that come with the season.","questions":"How were the holidays for the speaker before becoming a professional writer?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["On Tuesday, Panamanian officials announced they had intercepted a North Korean ship laden with a suspicious cargo of Cuban sugar. Drug enforcement agents, acting on a tip, boarded the ship in the Panama Canal last week and found hidden below the sugar not drugs but missile parts and disassembled fighter planes. When pressed, Cuban authorities said the ship was carrying obsolete defensive weapons to North Korea for repair. Joining us now to fill us in on the history of Cuba's relationship with North Korea is Dr.  Frank Mora. Until very recently, he was deputy assistant secretary of defense. He is now director of the Latin American and Caribbean Center at Florida International University. Thank you for joining us.","DR.  FRANK MORA: Great to be here, Linda.","Now, when did North Korea and Cuba first develop a relationship?","It was the 1960s, not long after Fidel Castro declared Cuba being a Marxist-Lenin state, which was in December. And not long after that, the Cuban revolution decided to side with the Soviet Union rather than the Chinese in the Russian-Sino split that had occurred in the '60s. And, of course, North Korea had become a client of the Soviet Union, particularly after the Korean War. And Cuba had gravitated toward the direction. So, there was an immediate connection but it was not much more than a diplomatic-political-ideological relations rather than economic relationship."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: Communication involves not only transmitting information but also interpreting and responding to the feedback and reactions of others, and adjusting the message accordingly.","questions":"Which aspect of communication is highlighted in turn 1?","answer":"interpreting"}
{"text":["Well, it's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you.","Can you recreate for us in a sense, like our town does, a summer day at that house you loved?","Basically, people woke up as early as they could, as close to dawn. Everyone was kind of on their own once the kids got older and could take care of themselves to fix something for breakfast and start the day however they wanted as long as they were busy.","There was no television, barely a radio. And it would be tuned into very infrequently, generally when the Red Sox were playing. And all you got were scratchy sounds anyway. People were left to just, I guess, invite the outdoors into their hearts and their souls."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Literal meaning: B is asking A to describe a summer day at the house A loved. Actual meaning: The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the morning routine at the house they loved?","answer":"Breakfast"}
{"text":["Now to address this, there are a number of policy proposals on the table. They're called push and pull incentives, which can entice these companies to stay in the antibiotic business. A push incentive might be something where you go to a company that's making billions of dollars and say we'll cut your corporate tax rate if you promise to invest some of those profits into new antibiotics. This is a sure-fire way to get more money into the pipeline. However, many people recoil at the idea of giving a tax break to a multi-billion dollar company.","We started our conversation talking about the patient you referred to as Jackson - a gunshot wound, you had some difficult choices to make with him in terms of treatment. How did it work out for him?","Well, without giving away too much, he does - his story does have a happy ending. But it does not involve antibiotics. And I think that his case is emblematic of the fact that we're increasingly shifting away from the typical model of using antibiotics to treat infections. And there is an array of new treatment options that are coming out - things like bacteriophages and CRISPR-based gene-editing techniques, where we can use a molecular scalpel to modify a strand of nucleic acids to create a new treatment that will cure patients.","But what I want readers to appreciate is how difficult it will be to bring those discoveries into your local hospital based on the current financial model. In many cases, it simply will never happen because the challenges of getting a drug approved by the FDA are so formidable that companies just don't want to go there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Offering tax breaks to billion-dollar companies can entice them to invest in new antibiotics.","questions":"How can billion-dollar companies be enticed to invest in new antibiotics?","answer":"Tax"}
{"text":["You know what, they provide me with so much more than just shoes and things. They have an entire family atmosphere at the Jordon brand. I'm the first woman of the Jordan brand. And they've been very helpful and instrumental and supportive in things that I've been able to do in terms of going out and giving away shoes, donating shoes and donating equipment to other people. And I donated some to a team down North Carolina, a basketball team down north Carolina. And I'm actually in the process of starting an essay contest for people with physical disabilities. And the winners, we're going to give out a hundred pair of Jordan sneakers. So we've done a lot of things in the community in terms of speaking engagements, in terms of both promoting my community efforts and for them to be able to outreach into another aspect of the community in the disabled community.","You're in the 100, 200, 400 meters. Those are short races. What are your competitors like?And do you guys have any camaraderie?You're competitors for a while, but do you guys talk?Do you guys compare stories?","It's funny, because I hold the world record in the 100, 200 and 400 meters. And so I think a lot of times people hope that I don't show up.","So that can be very interesting. But I mean I try - I look at it like one of these days will come and I'll have to hang my spikes up. So I try to as much as possible impart as much wisdom as I can to, you know, to my fellow competitors."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"people hope that I don't show up\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that people do not want the speaker to arrive at a specific location. However, in this context, it refers to competitors hoping that the speaker (who holds the world record in the 100, 200, and 400 meters) does not compete in races, as it reduces their chances of winning.","questions":"Which world records does the speaker hold?","answer":"100"}
{"text":["O'Rourke. Yeah, let's talk about Beto.","Yeah, Beto O'Rourke. He made a hell yes promise to buy back assault weapons and to push for mandatory buyback of assault weapons. What do you make of this?","That was a dramatic highlight of the debate and grabbed a lot of people, got a lot of mentions. But such moments do not make legislation. Congressional Democrats don't have a clear majority for an assault weapons ban, let alone gun takeaways. They're still hoping for universal background checks or - on people buying guns. But to pass the Republican Senate and actually get enacted, even that much would need the backing of the president and the approval of the federal courts. We are still a long way from meaningful gun measures, despite the carnage we saw from guns in August and so many other recent months and years.","And let's stay in the realm of Congress for this last question, Ron. As of today, where do you assess where Democrats stand on the question of impeachment at the moment?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He made a promise that was stressed by him and gave people the impression he would do it regardless of what happens.","questions":"How was Beto's promise characterized?","answer":"Dramatic"}
{"text":["Has this ever been done before, I mean, even with other types of energy like oil and gas for example?","That's not how we have historically done oil and gas use or exploration. Again, we're talking on public land. It's not been how we've done it. It is the way we've tried in recent years to think about the Endangered Species Act. Instead of looking at each little place when a question comes up and say is this an endangered habitat, is this a problem, look at large areas, ecosystems, chunks that make sense together.","Try to highlight what the problems are in that area so that subsequent development proposals are not - don't start from ground zero. Information's been gathered and looked at in a more systematic way. I mean, programmatic environmental impact assessments have been allowed ever since NEPA passed back in the 1970s.","It hasn't been used very often. I think that the Interior Department should get a lot of credit for using it this time."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Historically, oil and gas exploration has not been done on public lands in the same way as proposed here for Endangered Species Act. Instead of looking at each habitat, they will examine larger ecosystems systematically.","questions":"How will they examine ecosystems for the Endangered Species Act?","answer":"Systematically"}
{"text":["Good to be here.","So we've been hearing about the trade war week after week for months. How do you see that fitting into the broader U. S. -China relationship right now?","What we really see now is long-term contentious relations between the United States and China. This is a major development that is going to be worked out most likely over the course of decades. China is now, essentially, a peer competitor to the United States. . .","Meaning it has a comparably sized economy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : By pointing out that China is a peer competitor to the United States he's saying that the trade war with China is sort of slow-going because they're a well-matched opponent.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the U.S.-China relationship in turn 2?","answer":"Contentious"}
{"text":["O. J. Simpson denied bail and a judge sentencing him to 15 years in prison for his armed robbery, kidnapping, and assault convictions. Is it just our imagination or are we seeing more black faces in the fashion magazines these days?Could we call it the Michelle Obama effect?And the Grammy nominations went primetime this year. Could the star-studded event lure viewers back to watch the awards?Here to get us up to speed on all of that and more is Allison Samuels, a national correspondent for Newsweek magazine. Allison, always a pleasure.","Thank you.","So, O. J. , O. J. , O. J. - 15 years. What do you say?","I say that I think this is a moment for history, because so many people felt that he got off the last time that I think a lot of people feel like this is just sort of the circle, you know, just sort of a coming back around.","You know- well. It's hard to come up with the right words isn't it.","Yeah, it is. And to see him earlier this morning crying, you know, pleading, sort of apologizing for everything that happened, it just really did take you back to, you know, 10 or 15 years ago or 13 years, I think, when he was actually acquitted. And you know, he seemed certainly sorrowful, but I just think, you know, America has just been listening and living with this guy for so long that they're sort of tired of him. I don't think he has that same type of sympathy that he got the last time, particularly from the African-American community."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : \"Living with this guy\" is not literal. The meaning is that he has been in the news - as an athlete, then a defendant - for a really long time.","questions":"Which phrase suggests that O.J. Simpson has been a public figure for a long time?","answer":"NICE"}
{"text":["Oh, it's kind of odd. Really, it's quiet. The streets are quiet. There's this wariness, though, that, you know, death could burst from the sky at any second. Obviously, this is something that Israelis are experiencing as well with rocket fire there. But here, there are no warning sirens. There's not an Iron Dome to intercept anything. The military strength of Israel is tremendously more powerful than the military strength of Hamas or Islamic Jihad or other groups here. In some cases, Israel does warn people about strikes. For example, I spoke to a woman this morning whose neighbor is part of Hamas, that that person got a phone call this morning to get out of the house. He alerted the neighbors. This is sort of normal. She burst into tears. Her husband said, don't cry in front of the children. She took the kids to a friend's. She went to work.","And a normal life continues in the midst of all this?","Well, in some ways, it has to. If you aren't right next to a rocket attack, you might not even know it happens - or close enough by to hear it. I did speak to a man this morning whose, you know, baby came two weeks early three days ago. And he had to take the baby boy to the doctor last night at night. He had to do it even though he didn't want to be driving around at night. So, yes, people do carry on as they can.","And briefly - we don't have much time - but there have been similar flare-ups like this in recent years. Is there any sense of what's coming next in this conflict?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: Is there any indication of what will happen next in the conflict?","questions":"How can turn 3 be paraphrased?","answer":"Flare-ups"}
{"text":["It's important because it is, for one thing, the most visible sign of climate change. There's little question that this is as a result of global warming that this is happening. And so that's one thing. The next thing is, of course, the ecosystem at the Arctic depend upon a certain amount of floating ice. The walruses dive off of it. The polar bears rely on it - the seals and so on. It's an important part of that ecosystem up there. So it has some local effects. But what's also becoming more and more apparent is it's going to be affecting our weather down here because you're going - when you get an extra degree of warmth up in the far north, you're going to change the way weather patterns move through the rest of North America.","And we could - I talked to a scientist today who said we could be seeing things like those really slow-moving big, heavy snowstorms that come along. It's not that there would necessarily be faster storms or whatever. In fact, it's just the opposite. There would be slower storms as a result of this pattern, and as a result, instead of just moving on by not causing so much grief, you can get huge amounts of snow and ice dumped on us here, and not only here, also in Russia. We have, of course. . .","Yeah.",". . . this past summer was very mild here. But when it's mild here, you need to look around the rest of the world and say, was it mild everywhere?And the answer is usually no."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The melting of Arctic ice has local and global effects.","questions":"How do walruses rely on floating ice in the Arctic?","answer":"Dive"}
{"text":["So off I went to Moscow with a couple of colleagues to talk about how intelligence services should work in democracies. And I found myself sitting in the Lubyanka, their headquarters, which over the years had been sort of prison death cell torture chamber, facing a long line of KGB officers and talking to them about democratic oversight and such things. It was certainly one of the strangest events of my working life I think.","(Laughter) Forgive me, but this is a week to ask - do you think they took good notes?Were they paying attention to this democracy?","(Laughter) No, I don't think they were actually. They looked at us with rather hard, cynical eyes. And I wrote somewhere that it seemed to be like two wild animals surveying their prey but not being able to get at them. But I don't think they were particularly interested in all this oversight and democracy stuff, no.","And may I ask you, just based on your experience and the way you survey events, what does Russia want these days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) implies that the speaker found the KGB officers intimidating and felt like they were looking at him and his colleagues with menace.","questions":"How did the speaker feel about the KGPersonB officers?","answer":"Intimidated"}
{"text":["Hurricane Dorian is pounding the Carolinas. Parts of downtown Charleston are already flooded. It has weakened since it hit the Bahamas as a Category 5 storm. At least 20 people are confirmed dead there, and that number is expected to rise as recovery efforts are just beginning. Parts of the Abaco Islands in the Bahamas are destroyed.","Alex Cepero stayed in the Abacos town of Marsh Harbour, thinking he could ride out the storm with his two dogs, but Hurricane Dorian destroyed his home while he was still inside of it. And I want to warn listeners that this is a wrenching story. Alex, thank you for talking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","You're welcome.","First of all, are you OK?Were you injured or hurt during the storm?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The story is emotional and difficult to hear.","questions":"How would you describe the story Alex Cepero shared?","answer":"Wrenching"}
{"text":["(Laughter) Yeah, cover their ears please. So basically, the goal of \"Where's Waldo?\"is you're trying to find a guy that's always wearing the same clothes - you know, it's red and white stripes and beanie hat and everything. And I remember as a kid I'd spend hours poring over this book trying to find Waldo, you know, and, oh, my gosh, where is he?And so I finally decided, well, you know what?Now as a Ph. D.  student, I can actually analyze this and sort of find the optimal route to look through the page to find Waldo.","(Laughter) This is your revenge on Waldo, isn't it?","Exactly.","Randy Olson, a Ph. D.  candidate at Michigan State University, researching artificial intelligence. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is not actually seeking revenge on Waldo. It is a joke, meant to be taken humorously.","questions":"Which emotion is conveyed by the PersonA's statement about seeking revenge on Waldo?","answer":"fun"}
{"text":["You bet.","OK. The rope broke in my hands.","The rope broke in my hands. I'm writing that down right now.","That's good to know I could be of some use. Dave LaBounty of \"The First Line. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that Dave LaBounty is grateful for being given the opportunity to be on the show","questions":"How did Dave LaBounty feel about being on the show?","answer":"Grateful"}
{"text":["Yes, definitely. Over the past several years, something called the field of behavioral economics has been gaining support. It used to be considered sort of a quirky field. Basically, what behavioral economics is, is it's trying to take sort of methods and insights of psychology and apply them to economics to at least temper this idea of the, sort of, rational economic man. And I think when you see these kind of panics, that only lends credence to this idea.","Well, now there is plenty of situations to study and look at, and maybe this is an exciting time for economists. John Maynard Keynes came out of the Great Depression as a visionary. What do you see as the new hot field of study, based on what's happening now?","Well, I do think trying to explain what happened to lead up to this crisis and trying to figure how to get out of it is only going to drive more people into trying to look at the psychology of economic behavior. I think also just fields like banking regulation, which have not been considered very sexy for a long time, are going to draw a lot more new, young, smart academics.","And what about market bubbles?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Sexy\" here has nothing to do with sex. It just means the field is considered appealing and relevant so that people want to study it.","questions":"What does \"sexy\" mean in the context of the conversation?","answer":"Appealing."}
{"text":["Unfortunately, we know that the homeless individuals who are unsheltered and living in the street are disproportionately burdened with behavioral health challenges, mental disease, substance abuse disorders. And so if a nurse from the government shows up with a syringe and says, hey, I'm here from the government. I'm here to help you. Take this shot - it's not so simple. We have had to spend a tremendous amount of time building trust, providing education and making the case for why receiving a vaccine is such a critical opportunity for them to protect their health.","What are the symptoms of hepatitis A?","These are symptoms that basically reflect inflammation of the liver. And the most common symptoms are basically fever, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, significant abdominal pain, the loss of appetite. And then one of the telltale things is either darkening of the urine or what's called jaundice, which is the common yellowing of the eyes and the yellow hue of the skin, indicating liver enzymes being spilled into the bloodstream. So jaundice is also a very common symptom.","Dr.  Yphnatides, if you think long term about changes you would want to see made to prevent another outbreak like this in the future, where does that take you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Trust must be built before a homeless individual will accept a vaccine from the government.","questions":"Which group of people needs to have trust built before accepting a vaccine from the government?","answer":"Homeless"}
{"text":["Absolutely. In fact, that is advice that students are given. Be sure and use the longest possible word you can. Don't settle for anything simple. And often what they end up doing is inventing a great deal. I've talked with teachers who have evaluated these, and one was telling me a story about this student who wrote about his whole family dying in a plane crash. Well, maybe that happened but it's entirely possible that it didn't.","I'm wondering, professor, those who are on the College Board say in fact they don't believe there's a formula, there's not shortcuts and the people who are doing the reading know how to spot gimmicks.","The teachers that I have talked to who are scorers certainly do know how to spot gimmicks. And I think that's why the teacher who told me the story about the whole family killed in the plane crash was spotting the gimmick. But that that doesn't prevent students from trying to use those gimmicks. They're trying to, in some way, make themselves distinctive and capture the attention of readers who, at best, are going to be skimming what they're reading because the scoring process for the SAT requires the scores - if you are hired as a scorer, what you have to be able to do is to read 20 essays in an hour, which is three minutes per essay. And if you are trying to earn extra money, you get a bonus if you can read 30.","I certainly didn't know this. So, the graders get a cash bounty for being superficial."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"Which word did the professor suggest the students use while writing their essays?","answer":"Gimmicks"}
{"text":["Right.",". . . in their noses, and that was because it was reflected back to visible light.","Oh, interesting.","But now, we're able to micronize that. And when we do that, we're able to make those molecules smaller, and you can focus just on the UVB and UVA, which is important for sun protection."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A is discussing a scientific concept or discovery with B.","questions":"How is UVPersonB important for sun protection?","answer":"Protection"}
{"text":["It has not. I think that's an appropriate term. And I think a lot of that happened in the beginning because there was just a lot of misinformation about our agreements because, at the end of the day, their perspective is we are siphoning off resources from our current students in order to, quote, unquote, \"teach these students. \"And so we wanted to make sure and assure our community that that is not happening. Any resources that we're providing to Southwest Key is actually coming through other district resources and is indeed not taken away from current students.","How do you answer the reservations of people who say - look - you're just encouraging families to undertake a dangerous journey across the border because if their children wind up on the U. S.  side, they're going to get an education?","It is our moral obligation, our legal obligation. That's the only lens I'm looking through.","Explain that legal obligation to me, if you could."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Southwest Key is not taking resources away from current students","questions":"Which organization is mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Southwest"}
{"text":["Mercy. It could have been - could it have been prevented?Aside from maybe not inventing it, could it have been prevented somehow?","Great question, and yeah, here's the thing - the software flaw is something in the Microsoft operating system, in Windows. Microsoft released a patch for it way back in March. So in an ideal world, you would have installed the patch and been protected from this onslaught, this ransomware campaign. But obviously, we don't live in an ideal world, and it's not reasonable to expect every local IT guy to update immediately.","So 15 seconds we have left - we know a lot of people listening to us are online. What do they do or not do?","Well, absolutely backup your data. Have a way to have your data backed up in a trusted cloud provider or an external drive because the fact is if you backup your data, this kind of attack loses its fangs."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Ideal world: An imaginary or hypothetical perfect world.","questions":"Which phrase indicates a hypothetical perfect world in the dialogue?","answer":"Ideal"}
{"text":["Yes. We are quite cognizant of that. And most fundamentally, we are not inducing anybody to commit a crime. We're not asking for somebody to take something that was top secret. People need to make their own choices about what they think inside the government deserves public attention. That's not a decision for us to make. It's a decision for them to make.","The Obama administration was accused of invoking the Espionage Act to crackdown on leakers and pursuing whistleblowers more aggressively than any other administration in history. So why didn't you make this call under that administration?","Well, first of all actually, we have had a page for a long time on our site encouraging people to send us documents and information, including in secure ways. So the answer to that is we have been asking people. Why have we pushed it even farther now?Well, one of the reasons that we've pushed it farther now is because we have been hearing about ways in which federal employees are being told to keep quiet. And if people are being told to keep quiet, well, that means that there's a good chance that relevant information is not coming out that should be.","Haven't there been gag orders during the transition of previous administrations too?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of the third turn is that the speaker is implying that the current administration is trying to prevent important information from being released, and this is why they are pushing people to contact them with information.","questions":"What is the reason for the speaker pushing people to contact them with information?","answer":"prevention"}
{"text":["My parents are fine. My mom evacuated as soon as they got notice. My dad required an assisted evacuation. He actually ended up being rescued by a community service worker up there. He was trying to get out of Paradise on his motorized chair. He saw the community service worker, who managed to get him in the truck. And they escaped to the fire station using a hiking trail, actually.","I assume if he could call you, he would, right?","Paradise is a retirement community. A majority of the population lives on a fixed income, including my uncle. He did not have a cellphone. He only had the landline. He didn't use social media.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite the difficult situation, A's parents are okay","questions":"What happened to PersonA's dad during the evacuation?","answer":"rescued"}
{"text":["The sport right now is not very big, but the potential is huge. And one of the reasons there's such a big potential is that the typical esports viewer and esports player are young males. Those are people that don't watch television. They've never watched television. We talk about cord-cutters in the business. These are cord-nevers.","And so advertisers are desperate to try to reach them because they can't reach them anywhere else. So you have companies like Turner Sports, the Big Agency, WME-IMG - they see that advertisers want to reach this group, so they're all trying to get into that group to sort of prove that advertisers should go with them in order to build up the business.","Where is the money coming from, though?And sort of where is it going?Where are they investing the money in?","In several different places. You have certain NBA team owners that have invested in actual teams. I mentioned Turner Sports and WME-IMG. They actually created a league called ELEAGUE with different teams, and they have a regular season and a playoff tournament. Sponsors are sort of getting attached to all of this, and that's where all the money is coming in from, sort of all areas."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In (2), the speaker is saying that advertisers are desperate to reach young male viewers and are investing in esports to do so. The literal meaning is straightforward, but the implied meaning is that traditional forms of advertising are becoming less effective in reaching younger generations, which is why advertisers are turning to esports as a new platform to reach their target audience.","questions":"What is one of the reasons why advertisers are investing in esports?","answer":"Young"}
{"text":["We do a lunch business. We are in the central business district of Cincinnati. And then we also do some progressively busier dinner period with the theaters at night.","Yeah. So, how is the lunch crowd now?","Well, the lunch crowd is down. We do have a lot of people who used to have business expenses that do not anymore, expense accounts. And downtown Cincinnati, I guess, has experienced its own economic shortfall with businesses moving out of town and what not. So, lunch has seemed to be down a little bit. I am part of a - it's called the Greater Cincinnati Independence of Independent Restaurant Owners - which is a dying breed, anyway - but we're all pretty lamenting the lack of business and just the current climate that we're trying survive in.","So, you are in your mid-40s, I think?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The restaurant industry is struggling due to economic hardships.","questions":"How is the restaurant industry coping?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Well, I have. You know, I was born and raised here in San Diego, and we just love it. But yeah, if - regardless of where the location would be, I would be willing to go anywhere - anywhere in the world for that matter, Afghanistan, Pakistan, anywhere that somebody may be able to offer me a job.","I saw some photographs of you in your condo. You've been packing up there, and I noticed behind the moving boxes, hanging in the window were some Christmas lights and some red ribbons. Are you still going to find some ways to celebrate the holidays despite everything that's going on?","Oh, sure. You know, I mean, the last couple of Christmases haven't been all the greatest, you know, because of the situation as well. And so, we're almost kind of getting used to it, but this one just hurts especially bad. But my wife and I are members of the Salvation Army church in Alcahone. You know, so, you know, we haven't forgotten really what Christmas is all about.","It's not about us and each other and the gifts, and at least that's what we want to think right now. But we're really just remembering the birth of our savior."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to be raised somewhere means your parents brought you somewhere as a kid and lived there for a long amount of time","questions":"Which church is \"A\" and his wife members of?","answer":"Salvation."}
{"text":["That's still not always easy, but that's a message that can succeed. If, however, you have a muddled message, if it seems like you're planning on having some retrenchment of a program for no good reason, you're not articulating a good and compelling reason to do it. That tends to be much, much worse.","There is a paradox. The Affordable Care Act has become popular, as we mentioned, but in the same polls when you ask people about Obamacare, they say that they don't like it. Now that Obama is out of office, are people paying more attention to the actual policy and its effect on their lives?","Well, what I'd say is that earlier on, I pointed out to the fact that if you look at surveys, you find that people say that the federal government should insure universal coverage. Now, of course, there are lots of ways to go about doing that. As for Obamacare in particular, it certainly has created some constituencies. But are there ways to change the law that would be broadly popular?I think the answer is yes.","But to do that, you'd really need to have a coherent, unified critique of Obamacare. And that's the big problem for Republicans because if you're looking at Republican objections to Obamacare, they've come from pretty much every direction. People have criticized it for all kinds of reasons that are oftentimes somewhat contradictory. And that means that you don't have a kind of common narrative about, what's the problem here that we're trying to solve?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Obamacare\" The actual meaning of this turn is not different from its literal meaning. It refers to the Affordable Care Act, which was signed into law by President Barack Obama in 2010.","questions":"Which policy was signed into law by President Barack Obama in 2010?","answer":"Affordable"}
{"text":["If we can't see the stuff, how can we prove it?How close are we to discovering the hidden these dimensions, if they exist at all?These are the sort of things my next guest ponders at his day job, and he's here to tell us a bit about the dark side of the universe. Michael Turner is a cosmologist and professor of astrophysics at the University of Chicago in Illinois. Welcome back to SCIENCE FRIDAY, Michael.","Great to be here, Ira.","Always good to talk to you. What do you make of the idea that a particle could turn into an invisible twin of itself in a parallel world?","Well, as we often say in cosmology or theoretical physics, that idea might be crazy enough to be true."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Well, as we often say in cosmology or theoretical physics, that idea might be crazy enough to be true.\"  The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. It implies that sometimes ideas that seem crazy or impossible might turn out to be true in the field of cosmology or theoretical physics.","questions":"How do ideas in the field of cosmology or theoretical physics that seem crazy or impossible turn out to be true?","answer":"True"}
{"text":["Hobbes wrote about the challenges his generation faces in a December article for Highline, which is put out by the Huffington Post. Its headline, \"Millennials Are Screwed,\" caught our attention this week. And we asked Hobbes to explain his pessimistic prediction.","Healthcare, housing and education are more than five times more expensive than they were for our parents. There are fewer steady jobs. Wages have stagnated since the 1970s. I mean, I can go on and on and on. And so its weird that we're constantly talking about how millennials should do this differently, and millennials should do that differently. But we dont talk that much about - hey, the country around us can do some things differently, too.","So you obviously believe that the baby boomers messed up your life?How did they do that?","Well, I've gotten a lot of emails since the article came out from boomers that are saying, we've fallen off the ladder, too. And if you're 55 years old, there's a lot of discrimination for getting back into the workforce. But what we're seeing is that those impacts are concentrated on the young. So I think there's really three paradigm shifts. The first one is work has become much lower quality, basically - that there's fewer decent jobs now. Many of the jobs that are available are contingent work or sort of have been farmed out to contractors. Many fewer jobs provide things like pension, benefits or health care these days."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"caught our attention\" means that something drew our interest, not that it physically grabbed us.","questions":"Which word describes the way the headline \"Millennials Are Screwed\" caught our attention?","answer":"Attention"}
{"text":["How do you feel about the United States now?","It was my home, and it is my home. And it will be my home because I have nowhere else to go. If I went somewhere else, I wouldnt be alive.","Is there something you'd like the Army and the Department of Defense and everyone to know about you?","I am more patriotic than many Americans. I am ready to lay my life down for this country and for the safety of its people. Im not a bad person, and I have never committed a crime. My life is in danger if the institutions like USCIS and DOD does not help me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The United States is the only place where the speaker can survive.","questions":"Which country is crucial to the survival of the speaker?","answer":"USA"}
{"text":["So this is the story. In Islam, you can't remove a picture which has a cross in it. That was my wife's understanding. She - that's what she gave me to understand. And she said, don't ever remove this. And then this restaurant became very lucky for us. We - from being hand to mouth, we became self-sufficient. So this proved to be a lucky painting. Plus, this was a colorful painting, and this was all we could afford at the time. So we want to keep it, and we want to keep that cross as long as I'm alive and kicking.","It's a sign of how so many communities have built Houston into what it is today - influencing each other, melding into something unique. Lashkari has applied that to the dishes he serves. His signature chicken curry, cooked in huge metal pots in his sweltering, fragrant kitchen, is made with Mexican tomatillos and cilantro. It's incredibly delicious. And we ate that along with the best saag paneer, a spinach and cheese dish, that I have ever tasted.","We do a lot of fusion right now. This restaurant is famous for its fried chicken. It's fried the Southern way, but it's - the chicken - the raw chicken is marinated with Indian spices. My white gravy is made with cashew nuts and almonds and coconut. So it looks like a white gravy of the chicken-fried steak, but it's totally different.","So Pakistani and Indian food with deep Texas roots.","Yeah, yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"So Pakistani and Indian food with deep Texas roots.\" - This turn is literal in meaning because it accurately describes the cultural influences on the food.","questions":"How would you describe the fusion cuisine served at the restaurant?","answer":"Fusion"}
{"text":["Yeah. And that took a lot out of my legs. I was pretty fatigued by the end of the game, and I'm feeling it today.","And do - I bet you are a little tired.","But at - towards the end of the game, where you aware of the record?And where you aware you'd broken it?","I wasn't aware, actually. I think I was just so tired and so focused on scoring the basketball. There's a stretch late in the second half where I think I hit seven or eight consecutive threes, and I knew something special was going on after that."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : If late in the second half he could hit seven or eight consecutive threes and he knew something special was going on after that, then he was definitely aware of the record","questions":"How was the player feeling at the end of the game?","answer":"Tired"}
{"text":["Germany - you want to look out for Germany. They've won two World Cups, too. But the Germans are having some issues. The reigning FIFA world player of the year, Nadine Kessler, she's out after knee surgery. One of their star midfielders broke her leg. Of course, we can't forget about Japan. Japan are ranked fourth, but they're the reigning World Cup champions. A talented young player to keep an eye on is 20-year-old Asisat Oshoala from Nigeria. She just won the BBC's female footballer of the year award. Not so young as the Brazilian team, but the team. . .","But Marta - they've got Marta.","Exactly, they got Marta. She's the best player in the world - FIFA's footballer of the year five times. She's so good she doesn't need a last name, Scott. She's just Marta.","She could balance of Volkswagen on her foot. She's that good."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"balance a Volkswagen on her foot\" - This turn is hyperbole, an exaggeration used for emphasis, and means that Marta is an exceptionally talented football player, rather than literally being able to balance a car on her foot.","questions":"What does the turn \"balance a Volkswagen on her foot\" mean?","answer":"Talented"}
{"text":["It sounds like he would have a great personal incentive to keep good relations with Russia.","Well, he's a very outspoken and always been. I mean, he was the oligarch who funded the Orange Revolution. Which is, you know, basically the Ukrainians - the Orange Revolution - they realized that they are not Russians, and they are Ukrainians. So he's - among the oligarchs, he's the most pro-Western oriented. At the same time, you know, also among the oligarchs, he has the biggest holding in Russia. So that's - that's going to be an interesting - an important dimension, I believe Because he could be the man who can make an agreement or strike a deal both between the European Union and Russia. Now, how he's going to do that is a different question, and I think it's not going to be that easy.","Have you had the chocolate?","Oh, the chocolate is good actually, decent quality, which, you know, when - when we're speaking about quality that's, you know, European standard, if you like.","Does he have good relations with President Putin?Do we know anything about that?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : 5: The speaker is implying that they do not know anything about the oligarch's relationship with President Putin.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about their knowledge of the oligarch's relationship with President Putin?","answer":"Unsure"}
{"text":["I don't really describe myself. I don't have a - I don't label myself really. I've done some interviewing in the past and just, you know, strike up a general conversation with people usually in sort of a casual environment. And for some reason, usually, people will talk to me.","And I have to say, you've got great researching skills. I read that you even dug up Carter Page's undergrad thesis, and you spoke with his U. S. Naval Academy thesis adviser. That's amazing. Why did you do that, and how did you go that deep?","I don't know. I just - I have a curiosity about this whole situation, and I really wanted to get to the bottom of it. So I - you know, the easiest way to say it is no stone left unturned.","You say, you know, you want to contribute to the investigation, but how are you different than a journalist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"no stone left unturned\" - This implies that the speaker is determined to investigate thoroughly and not overlook any possible leads or sources of information.","questions":"Which phrase suggests the PersonA's determination to conduct a thorough investigation?","answer":"No-stone-left-unturned"}
{"text":["You've been following temporary staffing trends for more than two decades now. What sectors are relatively insulated from layoffs?","Well, the sectors that are most resilient are the higher-skill sectors, or if you can get into industries that are involved in education or health care or government. Those are the areas where you get the most bang. We're also seeing a nice increase in the mortgage-processing area, because one of the things the government's doing is lowering the conforming rate for mortgages. And so, there's kind of a rush to refinance.","When you say higher skills, are you talking about engineering, things of that sort?","Well, even within, say, clerical admin, there's always demand for good, you know, personal assistants. There's always demand for engineers or, you know, highly skilled folks. There are sometimes fewer jobs in those areas but for good people, you can get employed.","Now, geographically, where are the hot spots for temporary work?","We're seeing the best demand really around the D. C.  area. You know, Maryland, Virginia, the District of Columbia, of course the government's kind of gearing up, and there's lots of activity to, you know, take on some of these new projects. Another good area is Texas. Texas still has some residual goodwill related to energy and utilities. Beyond that, there is most of the - most every area of the country is feeling some pinch. Some of the toughest places are California, Nevada and Florida."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Those are the areas where you get the most positive information.","questions":"Which information?","answer":"Information"}
{"text":["OK.  Give us the background now. He has been charged with eight felony counts, including perjury and obstruction of justice.","Correct.","Remind us what happened.","Well, this all began quite some time ago. We're talking about a case that involves the firing of a couple police officers. And supposedly, these police officers were fired because they were investigating misconduct on the part of the mayor. And the mayor came up with a settlement, an $8. 4 million settlement that was paid out of the city's coffers."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : implies a request for a summary of the facts of the case","questions":"Which felony counts was the individual charged with?","answer":"eight"}
{"text":["Both the trains slowed. I was standing there with my bag over my shoulder, ready to jump. It was windy. It was cold. It was kind of getting dark. And so they finally lined up the cars correctly, and I was told to run across the loose rocks and jump on to the other train.","The conductor on the other train pulled me on to that car. Once I was onboard, another conductor came through the car, and she said to me, don't get up when we get to Milwaukee. What I heard from her was don't get up, or I will kill you. I did not move the rest of the trip.","So I get to Saint Paul. I'm looking for my brother. He's late. So he gets there, and I ask him, why were you late?And he says, well, I checked the train schedule, and it said it was running behind. Oh, that was because of me.","A travel nightmare with a happy ending from Anne Fleury in Milwaukee. Send us your stories, please. Go to weekendeditionsaturday@npr. org. Click on contact. Put Travel Nightmare at the top of your message."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The conductor was warning me not to get off the train when we arrived in Milwaukee or there would be consequences.","questions":"Which city did the train arrive in where the conductor warned the speaker not to get off?","answer":"Milwaukee"}
{"text":["Reading this book, the thing that always shone through was that you never took no for an answer. You talk about, despite all your successes, always feeling like you might never be good enough, or that people were judging you. And yet, you always sort of came back swinging, sometimes literally.","I love the word no (laughter). Because of the ADD and the dyslexic, I couldn't follow anyone's formula at all. So no to me was the yes that I needed to hear. And I wanted to succeed so I could grow my team and grow my staff as well. And a lot has to do about Boston in general. I wanted to be somebody, you know?I think so.","Barbara Lynch - her book is called \"Out Of Line: A Life Of Playing With Fire. \"Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Here, the speaker implies that they have a unique perspective on the word \"no\" due to their personal challenges with ADD and dyslexia. The literal meaning of \"no\" is a negative response or rejection, but the speaker sees it as a positive thing because it drives them to find alternative paths and overcome obstacles. It signifies resilience and determination in the face of adversity.","questions":"How does the speaker interpret the word \"no\"?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, maybe you should - give it a shot. And then let me try it after.","That is so good.","Converted her. Fan of grapefruit.","You know why?'Cause it doesn't taste like grapefruit.","Right. Is it good?Is it to boozy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : (5) Refers to asking if the new food is good or too strong in terms of alcoholic content.","questions":"How would you describe the new food based on its taste and alcohol level?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["Donald Trump came to the mics and said, you know, he thought it was great that they were taking their country back again, obviously echoing his own campaign slogan of make America great again and saying that it might just be good for the Brits to have their currency dropped to a 30-year low in its value because it will make their products cheaper and will bring more tourists into the country. And then he talked a little bit about how some. . .","To his golf course, I believe he specifically said.","Some of those tourists might want to play golf in Scotland. And he happened to be talking about his own golf course there in Scotland and spoke about the virtues of that attraction.","The U. S.  Supreme Court, of course, had a decision this week which blocked the Obama administration's plans for immigration programs. Does that decision, and for that matter, do the results in the United Kingdom suggest something about the potency of immigration as a political issue?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : as it is the only turn with an implied meaning different from its literal meaning.","questions":"What was Donald Trump echoing with his statement about taking the country back?","answer":"Great"}
{"text":["But banning food products from Western countries had an immediate effect. And - but there was also a lot of contraband. And so one of the measures against the contraband was incinerating food once it was exposed as contraband. And it - really it was a display of something that I think inspired terror in a lot of people in a country that has known famine and in a country where a lot of people have feared starvation in living memory.","Yeah. We certainly have our own struggles with bigotry in the U. S. But it's hard not to go through your book and not be staggered by the persistence in Russia of anti-Semitism and prejudice against gays. What role does this play?","You know, I actually wouldn't call it prejudice against gays because I think it conveys the sort of impression that it comes from the grassroots, that this is - that the Russian population is homophobic. Not that it isn't. But what we're really talking about is a concerted campaign by the Kremlin over the last five years to single out and target LGBTQI people as, you know, scapegoats in the country, as the chosen other.","Towards the end of your book, you use a phrase that chills me, where you say that in Russia today, quote, \"life is a foreign agent. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In (3), \u201clife is a foreign agent\u201d does not mean that life is a foreign operative, but rather that life in Russia is heavily regulated and monitored by the government.","questions":"Which phrase from the book in (3) chills B?","answer":"Foreign-agent"}
{"text":["Tomorrow, car sales numbers for November are due out, and they're not expected to be good. That could lead to more dealerships shutting down, and that could mean a big loss of revenue for local governments. For example, this year, the state of California has lost at least two billion dollars in sales taxes due to the drop in car sales.","To get a better sense of how local governments are coping, we're joined now by Marshall Bond. He is the city manager for Monroeville, Pennsylvania. Thanks for joining us, and why don't you tell us how many car dealerships are in Monroeville?","Just about every major domestic and foreign manufacturer sells cars here in Monroeville.","And so, how much of your budget comes from the revenue from car sales at these dealerships?","We have a business tax which obviously is, I'd say, probably of that - I'd say total tax is probably about 15 to 20 percent is based upon our related car industry."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The guest will provide insight into how local governments are dealing with the issue of car sales.","questions":"Which issue will the guest provide insight into?","answer":"Car"}
{"text":["Right.",". . . Little inspiration pieces.","A road map.","Yeah, a little road map. You know, you want to make a right out of nowhere. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : when A says \"You know, you want to make a right out of nowhere,\" they are not talking about a physical right turn while driving. Here, \"make a right out of nowhere\" implies taking an unexpected or unconventional action without a clear plan or prior indication. It suggests being spontaneous or inventive in finding a solution or approach.","questions":"What does \"make a right out of nowhere\" imply?","answer":"unconventional"}
{"text":["Super Saver and Calvin Borel one full length from Derby here. Noble's Promise runs in second. Patty O'Connell is now third. Make Music for Me, Big Mountain, (Unintelligible) on the outside and they're coming down to the finish. And it is Super Saver.","Wow. Now it occurred to me, when we were during some preparation on you - like a baseball announcer, all he or she has to do is go, when there's a home run - Yoho.","(Laughter).","But you have to rattle off eight or nine names that might have been unfamiliar to you - just a couple of - I mean, how you do it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) is a sign of amusement, indicating the speaker was laughing at the metaphor.","questions":"Which turn indicated the PersonA's reaction to the metaphor?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["\"The Interview,\" a bromance.","Tamara, are these mostly symbolic sanctions?I mean, North Korea's already under significant sanctions.","Significant. There have been four UN Security Council resolutions adopted since 2006, as well as two U. S.  sanctions programs. These are largely targeted at North Korea's weapons development - nuclear weapons development. So you could easily argue that these new sanctions are just piling onto a pretty big pile already.","U. S.  officials insist, though, that these are new and different because they name 10 individuals, most of whom work for the country's main arms dealer. They say that this naming them is going to make it very hard for those people to do business basically anywhere in the world. The White House also says that there are more sanctions yet to come."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  Implies that the new sanctions are going to make life very difficult for the individuals named, and that there may be more sanctions in the future.","questions":"How will the named individuals be affected by the new sanctions?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["Mercy. It could have been - could it have been prevented?Aside from maybe not inventing it, could it have been prevented somehow?","Great question, and yeah, here's the thing - the software flaw is something in the Microsoft operating system, in Windows. Microsoft released a patch for it way back in March. So in an ideal world, you would have installed the patch and been protected from this onslaught, this ransomware campaign. But obviously, we don't live in an ideal world, and it's not reasonable to expect every local IT guy to update immediately.","So 15 seconds we have left - we know a lot of people listening to us are online. What do they do or not do?","Well, absolutely backup your data. Have a way to have your data backed up in a trusted cloud provider or an external drive because the fact is if you backup your data, this kind of attack loses its fangs."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Ideal world: An imaginary or hypothetical perfect world.","questions":"How was the world described by turn 1?","answer":"Ideal"}
{"text":[". . . Because I have Nusayba. And she is alive and smiling and well thanks to an anonymous live donor, who came through at the last second. . .","Yeah.",". . . And gave a piece of his liver, which is now in my daughter's belly. And she lives. What more can we ask for?My life is complete.","We can reveal his name, too, can't we?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : the donor person allowed part of their liver to be used right before the person was to die.","questions":"How is the donor related to Nusayba?","answer":"Daughter"}
{"text":["Yeah.","You know, again, as you say. . .","Door to door is about it.","And that's about it. And by the time everybody realized the scope of this disaster, it was too late. You could not evacuate people in time. And so it was basically described as an unleashed monster."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The disaster was so severe that it was impossible to save everyone, and the situation was out of control.","questions":"Which word describes the disaster as it was described in the conversation?","answer":"unleashed"}
{"text":["He used to love football because at the end of the year, we left him a gift. And it was a T-shirt, a real T-shirt of the Euro 2016 of France with his name behind the T-shirt and the number 41 on the top because we were 41 students in his class.","Heda says that she and her classmates have been talking and sharing thoughts with each other on Facebook and remembering their teacher.","I will never forget him, and he was the best ever teacher I ever had before. And I am so powerless with all this and I really want to be thankful for everything he did for us, for the class and also for me.","That's Laurence Heda, a student of Michael Pellegrini, who was killed, along with his mother and his grandparents in the Nice attack."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Heda and her classmates have been connecting and sharing memories of their teacher on Facebook.","questions":"How did Heda and her classmates remember their teacher?","answer":"Facebook"}
{"text":["And, you know, there are many, many different ways to sort of be a poet in America, and some of us work in libraries and some of us work in garages and some of us teach children how to read and some of us work in hospitals. And the thing is just we're passionate about poetry, and I think that's a beautiful thing. We can't be all in one place. We shouldn't be. We have to be scattered about in honor to keep poetry what it has always been.","What are you learning reading all these entries?","Oh, my goodness. I'm learning that the poems that I'm - I've read so far are lush and lyrical and sorrowful and unpretentious and gorgeous and syntactically stunning and well-chiseled. And I can't tell you how many times I've stopped reading to say, how did she or he get her mind and heart around that so beautifully?And so there's some gorgeous books of poems that are out there and that are in this pile this year, and I'm just loving the fact that I'm basically reading poetry all day.","I mean, I've never had the pleasure to have that kind of job before. And when he National Book Award folks called, I thought, oh, this is going to be quite a summer. And it is. I have the books stacked up knee-high, several piles of them. That pile has a label on it, and another pile has another label on it. And I just kind of sit down in the midst of it all and lose myself into that beautiful language."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The person has a great many books in stacks around his home.","questions":"Which pile is labeled?","answer":"That"}
{"text":["We're coming over the initial shock. It's a very strange situation to live in one of the wealthiest countries in the world. And we have been living in more luxury than almost any other nation on this planet, and now all of a sudden we find ourselves almost like beggars.","You talk about the swift difference between being so wealthy to now being in a totally different place. Is this what everyone - is the average person going through something like this?Or is this just a select few that went from being so wealthy to so not wealthy?","The general public here has been very, very well off. But now people that are starting to lose their jobs - hundreds of people that used to work in the banks have been losing their jobs recently. We know that a lot of companies are going to become bankrupt. We had almost no unemployment in the past years. We've been importing workers from Eastern Europe because we didn't have enough people to work in our companies.","So, how are people coping with this?Are they selling off their belongings?What are they doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite being one of the wealthiest countries, people are struggling to make ends meet.","questions":"What is the situation of the people in one of the wealthiest countries in the world?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["A whistleblower has told Congress that at least 25 people were granted security clearances by the Trump administration after career employees recommended denying those clearances. Those 25 include two current senior White House officials. The whistleblower's name is Tricia Newbold. She's an 18-year career employee who currently works at the Personnel Security Office. That's the office that recommends for or against granting security clearances to members of the administration. She gave these details in private testimony to the House Oversight Committee last month.","Joining me now is a member of that committee, Jamie Raskin, Democrat from Maryland. Welcome.","I'm delighted to be with you.","So Tricia Newbold flags three particular instances involving senior White House officials who are kept anonymous. Can you tell us a little more about these officials who were initially denied security clearances but those decisions were overruled?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Flags\" does not mean that Tricia Newbold actually used flags to indicate the instances involving senior White House officials. Instead, it implies that she drew attention to these instances or brought them to the committee's notice. This is an example of a figurative or idiomatic use of language where the intended meaning is different from the literal meaning of the words used.","questions":"What does the word \"flags\" mean in turn 3?","answer":"Drew"}
{"text":["And, of course, we have bioenergy here, too, and the debates about things like corn ethanol. That's another big contentious issue here in the Midwest. And one where, again, middle grounds might have to be found between groups that are in very different poles on that issue.","And what do you think is the most promising - again, the symbolic areas, those are always going to be difficult. But are there other conversations that could be had that, as you say, skirt the ideology?","Well, it's very interesting. Regardless of, you know, how you think of him politically, the Obama administration has actually done more, may be by accident - or may be on purpose - to think about, to take on climate change than all previous administrations, really, combined. Our CO2 emissions in the United States have gone down pretty dramatically in the last few years, partly because of the recession, of course, but partly because people are retooling and getting more efficient.","The American car fleet is getting lot more efficient. We finally got those CAFE standards going up again, which is fantastic, after about 30 years of going nowhere. And maybe that's a benefit of bailing out Detroit. We could work with them to make cars more efficient, the cars Americans want to buy. We've also - the fracking, moving away from coals, where it's natural gas, has helped a lot, although we have to watch the other aspects of fracking. And also, renewables are beginning to make a bigger and bigger dent in the American electricity supply and other energy supplies."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Efforts are being made to increase the efficiency of American cars and shift towards renewable energy sources","questions":"What is being done to reduce CO2 emissions in the United States?","answer":"Retooling"}
{"text":["Nice to be here, Lulu.","Why study Mars's core?What can it teach us?","We know the outside of Mars, and we understand the inside of the Earth. And one of the reasons we're interested in Mars is because it's a planet of a similar sort of size to the Earth and Venus. So getting into the interior of it will help us understand how long it took for it to cool down because it's now a cooler planet than the Earth. It no longer does all that exciting plate tectonic stuff that the Earth does. And we'll get a sense of how stiff the external crust is, how malleable the mantle is and whether the core is liquid or not. Those are all the things that really matter for the physics of the Earth, so we assume they're going to matter for the physics of Mars, too.","The first successful Mars landing was almost 50 years ago, which is quite a while. And many have failed since then. Why?How hard is it actually to get there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Studying Mars's interior will help us understand Earth's physics.","questions":"How can studying Mars's interior benefit Earth's understanding of physics?","answer":"Earth"}
{"text":["What do you think - if this decision is permanent, what do you think the U. S.  will miss by not being a member of UNESCO?","Oh, I think the U. S.  will miss a lot. It's a big loss for the United Nations family because we are part of this family. It is a big role for multilateralism. But I believe it is also a loss for the U. S.","Irina Bokova is director general of UNESCO. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you very much for inviting me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker believes that the U.S. will suffer from the consequences of withdrawing from UNESCO, both on a global and a national level. ","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the U.S. leaving UNESCO?","answer":"Loss"}
{"text":["And so - like, for instance, sly, when a person is sly like a fox. There's a Scottish word called slicket(ph), which I love, you know. It's sleek, oily. Slicket - I couldn't vote for him. He's got slicket eyes.","That's nice.","You know, and so I refuse to change it. But I'd rather explain it to you than change it, you know. And Scotland has such lovely words, too, like a turkey, for instance, it's a bubbly jock.","Bubbly jock?I've not heard that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The reason why he couldn't vote for him couldn't be because he got a slicket eyes","questions":"How did PersonA describe the person he couldn't vote for?","answer":"Slicket"}
{"text":["My father believed the world was divided between those who were mentally and physically strong and those who were weak and lazy. For this, I had to undergo a physical and psychological training.","Can you tell us about those nights in the cellar?","From the age of 6, I had to spend one night a month in the basement meditating on death. I sat on a stool, alone, in the dark, surrounded by rats. And I had a cardigan with small bells on it. I wasn't allowed to let the bells tinkle, as it meant that I was moving. It was one of his exercises.","There are just too many instances of abuse and cruelty to recount - I mean, the way he didn't turn on the heat, the way he made you bathe in his dirty water. He said he gave you his energy that way or something."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"those nights in the cellar\" - this is a euphemism for the traumatic and abusive experience that the speaker had to endure as a child. It is a way of avoiding directly mentioning the abuse, perhaps to downplay or conceal its severity.","questions":"What does the phrase \"those nights in the cellar\" refer to?","answer":"Traumatic"}
{"text":["The children of Jamal Khashoggi have begun receiving compensation. Khashoggi was the journalist from Saudi Arabia who vanished last year. After initial denials, Saudi authorities now acknowledge he was killed after he walked into a Saudi Consulate in Istanbul. The newspaper that once published Khashoggi's columns, The Washington Post, now reports on apparent early moves toward paying blood money to Khashoggi's relations.","Greg Miller reported this story for The Post. Good morning, sir.","Good morning.","What have the children been paid?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Jamal Khashoggi was killed by Saudi authorities after he walked into a Saudi Consulate in Istanbul.","questions":"Which journalist was the topic of the compensation story?","answer":"Greg"}
{"text":["Thanks so much for having me on.","Can you tell me a little bit about Nebraska's land and what it means to its residents, the farmers?","Yeah. So Nebraska is in many ways a typical Great Plains state. Because the Missouri River cuts through along the eastern edge of the state, that's where all of the population originally settled. And so you have major industrial centers in south Sioux City and in Omaha. And then you have the capital educational center of Lincoln. But when you travel west of Lincoln, there's almost no one there. The small farming communities have gotten smaller and smaller in the last 50 years. And you can drive for hours essentially seeing only flatlands that are planted to corn and to soybeans and occasionally dotted with hog barns and feedlots for cattle.","Speaking to that disappearing landscape, I'd like you to read a page from your book, page 69.","(Reading) To understand, first remember - Nebraska is a place. It sits square as an anvil in the center of our maps. And yet somehow, everyone manages to forget it exists. Maybe that's because Nebraska is also a land of ghosts, of small towns dwindling to the point where in another generation they might simply cease to exist.","Why are they disappearing?Where are they going?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Nebraska is often overlooked or disregarded by people, despite its significance and potential.","questions":"Which state is often disregarded despite its significance?","answer":"Nebraska"}
{"text":["So it was a very protracted civil war, but during the 17-month period that Rios Montt was the leader of the country, the scorched earth campaign that he presided over was the, by far, the most violent period in this protracted civil war. The United Nations, it was instrumental in establishing a truth commission for the country in the late 1960s after the civil war ended. And it was chaired by a German - a law professor.","And it found that there were acts of genocide against the Ixil Mayans during this period that the trial covered. And so its findings confirmed after extensive research that, again, as you said, there was a very protracted civil war, but this period was, by far, the period of most staggering violence.","And that commission, I believe, found that of the 200,000 people who were killed over the course of the whole civil war, I believe they found that 83 percent were Mayans. And that was the foundation for their finding that acts of genocide were committed.","And as I understand it, in the cities of Guatemala (unintelligible) there were many individuals who were targeted, identified as labor leaders or insurgents, one way or another, and murdered or disappeared. In the countryside it was indiscriminate. Everybody was a target."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The civil war had good parts and bad parts. He lead the country and destroyed as much of it as possible.","questions":"What was the most violent period during the protracted civil war as mentioned by PersonA in turn 0?","answer":"Subject"}
{"text":["Well, on Iran, there's been reports in the past week that he is moving to set up a U. S.  interests office in Iran, which is not quite an embassy, but it's sort of a transition to an embassy. He has - the Treasury Department for the past couple of years has begun a very fine-tuned sanctions program focusing on getting international banks to stop doing business with Iran. So, a little bit of sticks and carrots is happening already, and that may create the basis for a more comprehensive approach.","And finally, let's talk about Russia. Relations were frayed between the United States and Russia over the summer during the Georgia contretemps. And I'm wondering, is there anything there that Senator Obama can do, anything happening now to ease his path to restoring diplomatic relations?","Well, you know, much of this seems to be resting on this plan to put missile defenses in the Czech Republic and Poland. President Medvedev of Russia has said, if you do that, we're going to put short-range missiles in Kaliningrad.","It seems to me that Obama is not so enthusiastic about missile defense as Bush was. He has said, yeah, I'm in favor of the program if it can be proved to work. Well, it hasn't been proved to work, so I think he can work out a deal with Russia where we gently back off of missile defense; they back off everything else. I think there are some diplomatic possibilities here that have not been explored by the Bush administration because of their doctrinaire advocacy for missile defense."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Russia is opposing US plans to put missile defenses in the Czech Republic and Poland.","questions":"Which country is opposing the US missile defense plans in the Czech Republic and Poland?","answer":"Russia"}
{"text":["What is - let's start with this. What is your personal collection to the work and the images in this book?","Well, to me this was a labor of love. I've been living in the U. S. I came back to England. It's my homeland. I came back to London, my home city, and I felt that the culture of the young black people in particular here were suffering from a kind of deficit, historically speaking.","There were younger people in my neighborhood who were bereft of history, who took their idea of themselves from watching their kind of generic hip-hop video material that they got from the video screen rather than really inquiring into the particular history and experience of our communities in this country.","As I looked at the book, I was trying to find a theme, and I don't know if I found one or not. What was, in your view, the major trends or themes that you saw unfolding over the century that are depicted in these photographs?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning in turn (2) is that the author created the book out of a desire to educate young black people about their cultural history, which they may not have learned from mainstream media sources such as hip-hop videos.","questions":"What was the reason for the author creating the book?","answer":"Deficit"}
{"text":["Much less than the NFL football players got.","Far less. Far less. And, I mean, we - this is a big issue. I mean, in 2011, there were three guys - Wade Belak, Rick Rypien and Derek Boogard - who all died within six months of one another. They were all enforcers - two buy suicide, one from drugs.","And it really was a wakeup call to the hockey world and to people who do that job of fighting for a living. And they kind of looked at these titans of the sport to say, wait a minute, if those guys who we look up to, who we idolize, who we see as the toughest enforcers on skates can die from this, then maybe we can too. And that's what I get into with my first character, James McEwan. He kind of goes into a mental health tailspin because he sees these guys perish. And he goes, well, this could happen to me, too.","Some of the players you interviewed suggest ways to reduce fighting in hockey. They have solutions. Tell us about some of their ideas."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It made the people that work in the sport of hockey realize the importance of what was happening. James McEwan's mental heath went down sharply.","questions":"Which character goes into a mental health tailspin after seeing enforcers in the sport of hockey perish?","answer":"James"}
{"text":["And, of course, we have humanitarian assistance programs on the ground providing lifesaving assistance to the thousands of people who are escaping, going into safety. The worry is, first of all, within Idlib itself, it's a governorate with 3 million people living. This is the area where many people had fled from throughout the country. So there's a displacement that is happening on the doorstep of Turkey with 3 million people inside. And it has, also, all the elements to create further regional destabilization should this escalation continue.","What we are calling for is a cessation of hostilities. There must be a peaceful way forward, a way which - a solution that does not involve residential areas being bombed, a solution that is not military and that - a solution that ensures the protection of the children, the women, the families, the civilians who are living in this area.","And there have also been strikes from the rebel side.","There have been strikes on both sides. There have been, also, victims on both sides. There's been civilians that then also have circulated from government areas, which have also been affected. And it's equally unacceptable to civilians on both sides to find themselves the victim of this conflict.","I gather the U. N.  has tried to protect civilians from attack by sharing information about the whereabouts of schools and hospitals with the government so they will know to steer clear. Has that not been successful?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The displacement is happening on the border of Turkey.","questions":"Which country shares a border with the displacement happening in Idlib?","answer":"Turkey"}
{"text":["I know it does.","How you doing, Tony?","I'm doing great. Listen, you heard the conversation we just had with Dave Zirin about the intersection of sports and politics. Do you agree with the basic premise that it's an issue that is ongoing and ever changing?","Oh, yeah. Absolutely, you know, Dave makes great points. What I thought was very interesting, Tony, was before the Olympics, LeBron James was going to become very interested, you know, about slave trade, and slavery in Africa. And he was making some points, saying I really want to do this, I think I'm going to do it, I think I'm going to speak out, and by the time they got to the Olympics, Tony, they had sat on LeBron. And suddenly he had changed his tune, he was well, this is nothing but sports, and we just want to keep it to sports. And to me, once again, it reinforces this whole idea of here you've got this team of multi-millionaires led by LeBron and Kobe, and these guys basically were intimidated. They were intimidated into not saying anything. So yeah, sports is very political by definition, and by the absence of it. It's just a phenomenal contradiction."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : LeBron James was silenced by the Olympic organizers and not allowed to speak out about slavery in Africa.","questions":"Which topic was discussed in the conversation with Dave Zirin?","answer":"Slavery"}
{"text":["Let's clear this up immediately: blonde, lithe, the initials V. P. So, is Vanessa Pierson Valerie Plame?","The great thing about fiction is that you can fix things and make things better. I think Vanessa is a smarter version of where I was. And it's definitely informed by my experiences in the CIA.","Well, that raises another question. So, did you take some top-secret operation and just thinly fictionalize it to this book and, you know, are. . .",". . . are there Russian agents reading this now and saying, oh, this is what we were looking for?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The great thing about fiction is that you can fix things and make things better.I think Vanessa is a smarter version of where I was.And it's definitely informed by my experiences in the CIA. The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is suggesting that their experiences in the CIA have informed their fiction writing, and that the character Vanessa is a version of the speaker that is smarter and more successful. ","questions":"Which character is mentioned to be a smarter version of the speaker?","answer":"Russian"}
{"text":["So you had to come prepared to tell a good yarn, tell a good story or something.","Yeah, well, a good science is a good story. We're all storytellers, you know, all of us, from the novelist to the artist trying to say something new and take us in a new direction on canvas to scientists who have discovered something. And when they discover something, they want to tell a story. They want to fill out and explain to others why, where it came from, what's happening, what kind of a process is going on and where is it going to lead?","And you talk about it - and there is a chapter that I think it's entitled \"I Never Change. \"And you are - does that mean you stay true to yourself, or you wear the badge of being a free thinker?","I - well actually I became, like so many kids, fascinated by insects when I was about nine years old. And, you know, it's a saying, every kid has a bug period. I never grew out of mine, and thank heavens I didn't. I usually spent a lot of time alone. We traveled a lot; I was an only child."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : You are a free thinker and that is very obvious to everyone you meet.","questions":"Which characteristic is very noticeable about you to others?","answer":"Free-Thinking"}
{"text":["So you can actually go to their job section and look for opportunities with the Office of Personnel Management using their website. Now they say that these are for non-career positions, whether in the White House, or in any federal department, agency, or commission. So this is interesting. I mean you just fill out the form below and you know, right on this website. I'm looking at it right now, and submit if you think you should be working for Obama and Biden.","It looks like - and other folks on NPR have spoken about this as well. There are so many questions - basically you have to have apparently lived a life of a saint in order to be able to pass some of these. . .","Some way of putting it.","Litmus tests. I mean is that really true or does it just seem that way because they really ask you basically have you ever jaywalked, have you ever - of course, not literally, but kind of.","Right, right. Well, I mean the point is this. Look, why waste time?I mean they're going to do what they need to do to process applications the way the federal government would do anyway. So why waste the time?The point is be transparent. I think what they're also trying to say here is send a message, be transparent with us because we're going to find out one way or the other. We're going to look at - if we really seriously are looking at considering hiring somebody, we're going to look at their online footprint, and I do think that they actually do mean that. They are going to look at that online footprint."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The requirements for these positions are very strict and may seem excessive.","questions":"How would you describe the requirements for these positions?","answer":"Strict"}
{"text":["Well. . .",". . . National security officers out there speaking about it?","I could tell you a couple of dozen major news reports that turned out to be false based on the actual report that Robert Mueller issued. So when the president called those stories fake news at the time, you know, folks like you dismissed it, but it turned out he was right.","Now, it does seem like he's dismissing it, and he's being dismissive of it. I'm not sure he completely understands the implications of the impeachment inquiry. I think Nancy Pelosi is the smartest person in Washington right now. And I think she didn't pull the trigger on this without knowing that she had more ammunition in her guns."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They don't think Nancy Pelosi would begin impeachment proceedings if she wasn't sure that what she knew would get the president impeached.","questions":"Which person did Nancy Pelosi outsmart in Washington?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["What are you going to do when your internet connection goes down?","We have actually, so far, been able - we have reporters who are also out of town that we're in touch with. We're determined that we're going to keep reports on this storm on the internet, no matter how we do it. We've got a lot of backup for that at www. dailycomet. com and at Houmatoday. com.","We're determined that we're going to keep reports on this storm on the internet, no matter how we do it. We've got a lot of backup for that at www. dailycomet. com and at Houmatoday. com. We didn't stop yet and we don't plan to stop.","You have reporters out trying to cover this story all over where this hurricane is going. There must be some point where you say and where the reporters say to you \"Hey, I got to stop for a while because there's a hurricane coming. \""],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite any obstacles, they are committed to reporting on the storm via the internet.","questions":"How are they planning to report on the storm?","answer":"Internet"}
{"text":["We argued that six months was way, way too short. You're talking about trying to go into archives, documents, find materials. Unfortunately, this was what was included in the legislation. And we've urged the Polish government to open that deadline - indeed, to open the program to people who never filed claims or for whom no claim - buildings for which no claims were filed.","But the Polish government didn't agree.","Unfortunately not. We're hoping that the Polish government will look again at this issue and make this process easier not only in terms of the deadline but also what documentation is required. Make sure that archives are open and material is accessible because if you have a right and legislation but not the means to enforce it - and particularly for many of the Holocaust survivors and their families, virtually all of whom live outside of Poland, it's very difficult. They don't speak the language. They don't live in the country. To address even the administrative issues is extremely difficult.","And what makes this important, so many years after the terrible events we're talking about - after the crimes we're talking about?","We're facing a situation where, in the next few years, we will be living in a world where there won't be Holocaust survivors. It's a population, obviously, that's very elderly, very sick and passing away very rapidly. So we think it's a matter of justice and morality to address and to conclude this issue before that last of that generation disappears."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Unfortunately not. We're hoping that the Polish government will look again at this issue and make this process easier not only in terms of the deadline but also what documentation is required. Make sure that archives are open and material is accessible because if you have a right and legislation but not the means to enforce it - and particularly for many of the Holocaust survivors and their families, virtually all of whom live outside of Poland, it's very difficult. They don't speak the language. They don't live in the country. To address even the administrative issues is extremely difficult.  The implied meaning of A's statement is that the Polish government did not comply with their previous request or suggestion. A expresses hope that the government will reconsider the issue and make the process more convenient, not just regarding the deadline but also in terms of required documentation. They emphasize the challenges faced by Holocaust survivors and their families who live outside of Poland, including language barriers and administrative difficulties.","questions":"Which word describes the difficulties faced by Holocaust survivors and their families who live outside of Poland?","answer":"Difficulties"}
{"text":["Always a pleasure, Neal.","And how big is this change?","It is big. The previous record was in 2007, where a very large percentage of this ice melted away. This year, it's already bigger than 2007 by an area the size of Texas. This is - this really shattered that record which in itself was a pretty dramatic departure from the average.","And, well, if things melt, it's because things are warmer, right?","That is exactly right. And what happens also is the Arctic ice has been getting thinner over the years. And so it used to be that you can have some warm summers up there, and you wouldn't melt it all away because you'd have 10 feet or 20 feet thick of ice. And you'd melt some of it, but you wouldn't melt it all the way through. But because of this warming trend up there, it is where the planet is warming faster than anywhere else. The Arctic, what we've seen is the ice getting thinner up there. And so a fairly small pretubance will actually melt a lot of the ice because it's thin to begin with. You don't have to melt 20 feet of ice. You might melt three feet of ice."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The ice is thinning, making it easier to melt, so a small increase in temperature can cause significant melting.","questions":"How does the thinning ice affect melting?","answer":"Thinning"}
{"text":["Julie, you've been covering this area for a long time. What strikes you about this moment?I mean, is this as significant as it looks?","It's hard to tell. As I said, the AMA's been kind of everywhere on abortion issues. It looks like they're maybe coming out - finding this to be such a threat to the doctor-patient relationship that they're willing to take a leading role. It remains to be seen exactly where they will go from here.","That's Julie Rovner, chief Washington correspondent for Kaiser Health News.","Thanks for coming in."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The AMA has been inconsistent on abortion issues and it's uncertain where they stand now.","questions":"Which organization has been inconsistent on abortion issues?","answer":"AMA"}
{"text":["Can you explain to us why a general manager or coach wouldn't, just in football terms, necessarily snap at the opportunity to sign Colin Kaepernick?","I think you have to ask yourself, can this player, in this case a quarterback, can he help us win?And how do you win in the league right now?It is not 40 years ago when you can win 17 to 10. You have to rack up the offense. And what Kaepernick basically does - his skill set, the best part of it - is he does not throw many interceptions. He had four last year against 16 touchdown passes. That's a really good ratio.","But someone like Matt Ryan of the Falcons is throwing the ball down the field on these fading outs towards the sideline on a rope. And that's not something Kaepernick has the accuracy really to do. So he's someone who helps you tread water, don't make mistakes, and other players on the team can come to the fore and make the plays that win a game. So in a way, he's a bit of an anachronism. His timing is not ideal for the league right now.","I'm a Bears fan. And I got to tell you that I was skeptical that Colin Kaepernick wasn't being signed because of his political stand. And then the Miami Dolphins signed Jay Cutler. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is expressing their disappointment or dissatisfaction with the outcome of a situation or decision, without directly stating it.","questions":"How did the speaker indirectly express their disappointment or dissatisfaction in the dialogue?","answer":"Implication"}
{"text":["We get the impression from the reporting of our colleague Adrian Florido in Puerto Rico that this was - the protests that drove out the governor, they were a protest against the governor but really against the whole political system. And the descriptions you've just given of the various positions would seem to back that up. Does anybody have credibility to take the job?","I think there are people that do have the credibility and that have the experience. But I - it's not clear to me that political leadership has heard the message that has been delivered loud and clearly by the thousands, in some cases hundreds of thousands of Puerto Ricans that took to the street to let, you know, their distaste and their indignation known.","What do you mean they haven't heard the message - meaning that the political leadership doesn't understand how angry people are?","I think that that could be the case, and it is demonstrated by the fact that there are reports of backroom dealing over who could be that next secretary of state that could take over the governor's position."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : backroom dealings meaning out of the view of the public and not with good intent","questions":"What do the reports suggest about the nature of the backroom dealings?","answer":"Secret"}
{"text":["What are some of the reasons you think more people's families, I guess I should - I almost said why more people are choosing to be cremated. And that might technically be true - but usually after their death.","So cremation is simply cheaper than burial. Of course, when you consider a funeral or a memorial service or celebration-of-life expenses, those are extra. And consumers also report that they see extra value with cremation and that they have more flexibility. To put it bluntly, death, even when it's anticipated, is inconvenient.","We don't want to lose our loved ones. We don't want to drop everything and gather and grieve and do what we need to do. But we must. And we can do that. But as families are spread across the country in various states, it's more and more difficult to bring people together on short notice. Cremation can expand the timeframe of grieving and memorializing your loved one.","Because there's more cremations, more problem to run into with scattering remains?I mean, I know, for example, they're very particular about it in the San Francisco Bay area. And I know from experience you can't get your ashes scattered there in Wrigley Field in Chicago.","That is true. And you might've caught the news where cremated remains were scattered at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City at the intermission, which canceled the rest of the production.","I missed that. Oh, my word. Most of us maybe, you know, get some malted milk balls at intermission, not scattered remains. But go ahead, yeah."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : This is an example of hyperbole, as B is exaggeratedly expressing surprise at the idea of scattering remains at the Metropolitan Opera House.","questions":"How did PersonB react to the news about scattering remains at the Metropolitan Opera House?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["It's definitely been a massive industry for Georgia in the last 10 years because about a decade ago is when they instituted these new, very generous, lucrative tax incentives which gives productions up to 30% back depending on how much they spend and whether they're willing to put a Georgia peach logo in their credits and that sort of thing. But it's really significant money back for these major studios in Hollywood.","And what has it gotten back?","There was a record 455 films and television productions that were shot in Georgia in the last fiscal year. And they represented a $2. 7, you know, billion in direct spending, which they estimate brings in $9. 5 billion in total economic impact. So these numbers are really huge. And they have been a huge destination for feature films, and not just any sort of feature films, expensive blockbusters, the biggest of those being Marvel's \"Avengers\" movies, which shot at Pinewood Studios in Atlanta, which is a big production facility.","As we mentioned, studios and media companies have sent some warning signals. How likely, though, is an actual boycott?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The tax incentives have made Georgia a popular location for filming.","questions":"How much money can productions receive back through the tax incentives in Georgia?","answer":"30%"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Anthony Leiserowitz of the - he's the director of the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication at Yale. How can you follow up with this?Can you keep coming up with new polls so we can follow this?","Oh, absolutely. We'll be doing this at least twice a year and, of course, we have lots of other colleagues around the country that are also surveying on this exact same topics.","And will we know if this does move into the - more into the political discourse as well as the public discourse?","Well, I think we'll see it. I mean, first of all, you can see it in the amount of - number of times that the president talks about this, that candidate Mitt Romney talks about this, as well as across the board. I mean, remember, it's not just the presidential election. There are some Senate races and congressional races all over this country. And what we're seeing is that a lot of people are beginning to ask the question about climate change."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"Oh, absolutely.\" - This is a literal response that affirms the ability to conduct new polls twice a year and that other colleagues are also surveying on the same topic.","questions":"What is the frequency of conducting new polls on the same topic?","answer":"Twice"}
{"text":[". . . the French press is hard to nail because there's. . .","Yeah.",". . . so many variables that are outside of your control.","Right. Right. And it's our Video Pick of the Week up there on our website, and it's beautiful animation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The French coffee machine that presses beans is hard to understand.","questions":"How would you describe the French press based on the conversation?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["We're trying to create the largest long-term study of aging in dogs that anyone has ever done, with the goal of trying to understand how genes and environment determine healthy aging in dogs.","So it's not just that old rule of thumb that one year is seven years in a dog's life?","On average, that's true. One of the amazing things about dogs, though, is that there's tremendous variation. If you go to the dog park, you'll see large dogs and small dogs. They also vary tremendously in their lifespan. And we're trying to understand why they vary so much.","Big dogs, I'm told, live shorter lives than small dogs.","And that's unusual because if you compare different species of mammals, from elephants to mice, it's the large species that live longer. So dogs are doing things in reverse.","And no indication as to why that might be yet?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2): This is a rhetorical question that implies that there may not just be a \"rule of thumb\" when it comes to aging in dogs.","questions":"What is the goal of the largest long-term study of aging in dogs?","answer":"Understanding"}
{"text":["Well, the - there in every single state, and the data changes state by state, but in every single state, there is a huge disproportionality between the number of particularly African-Americans, but also Latino youths, who wind up in high-level facilities, as opposed to Caucasians youth who wind up in high-level facilities.","And by high level you mean the higher security, more. . .","I mean, higher - yes, more intensive, more secure facilities. Ironically, or maybe not so ironically, when you look at high - facilities that have a high-level of treatment, you'll see disproportionally white youth in the high-level of treatment facilities. But from the very first day, when we start with arrests, which I'm sure you're very familiar with, but moving on through the system, there is continuous and increased disproportionality.","That doesn't even deal with the real disproportionality in the system, between families that have assets, and the families that have fewer assets. So, youth in the juvenile justice system are primarily African-Americans and Latinos that are almost entirely low-income youth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : White youth are overrepresented in high-level treatment facilities.","questions":"What group is overrepresented in high-level treatment facilities?","answer":"White"}
{"text":["The Staples Singers, Booker T and the MGs, Isaac Hayes and more - but the Stax tale isn't just one of another record company that became an international sensation. It's a story of tragedy - business and personal. But most importantly, it's a tale that features racial harmony in a city with a troubled racial history. In the late '50s and early '60s, Memphis, Tennessee was a city divided.","It was a city that you might say had hate pulsing through its veins.","That's author Robert Gordon. He lives in Memphis. His new book is \"Respect Yourself: Stax Records and the Soul Explosion. \"But Stax didn't start as an explosion of soul. The owners of Stax Records, Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton, set out to do something very different.","They were two white siblings. Jim was a white country fiddle player. You just wouldn't believe how far black music was from their minds at the time."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"an explosion of soul\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that there was a sudden and powerful growth of soul music. The figurative meaning is that Stax Records played a major role in popularizing soul music and creating a cultural movement around it.","questions":"How did Stax Records become known for its impact on soul music?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["So in some senses, it's unverifiable. You know, I guess one of the best ways to think about this memorandum is that when asked, Devin Nunes refused to share this memo either with the DOJ - or the Department of Justice - or the FBI - the very people accused in the memo, or with the Republican chairman of the Senate intelligence committee. So that tells you a little bit about his level of confidence in the allegations that are made.","Apparently, Democrats are drafting their own memo in response to this memo. So now we're going to have dueling memos?What's in that one?","Well, we haven't completed it yet, but it will be a memorandum which points out the factual inaccuracies in the original one. Again, it's a bit sensitive because in - there's sort of an evil genius to this first memorandum because it does make reference to very highly classified intelligence that almost nobody has seen. But in as much as we can, we'll try to lay out the facts around these acquisitions - sorry, these allegations. And, again, just make the point that, you know, along with, you know, the belief that there was wiretapping of Donald Trump, you know, that there was improper unmasking - this is the latest in a steady stream of unfounded allegations designed to undermine the FBI in particular.","I'd like to understand a little bit about what the committee, at this point, is doing in the House that is investigating collusion between Russian operatives and the Trump campaign. It's been nearly a year. Have you found an - evidence of any crimes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The first memorandum makes unfounded allegations to undermine the FBI.","questions":"What does the first memorandum do?","answer":"Allegations"}
{"text":["Yup. And then, suddenly, it came back, and then it went back down. And they scratched their heads for quite a while. And finally, what they realized is that there was so much radiation there that it was doing what's called saturating the detector. So it just couldn't count anymore. It was just overwhelmed. And then when they would go out of the radiation belts, it would come back down to a reasonable level that it was designed for, and it would start counting again. And so it took them a little while to figure that out. But once they did, that was the discovery of the radiation belts.","And now we have the probes to follow up. Thanks, Craig Kletzing, for joining us today.","You're very welcome. Thanks for having me.","Craig Kletzing is a professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Iowa."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is thanking Craig Kletzing for joining them and giving them insight on the radiation belts.","questions":"Which professor gave insight on the radiation belts?","answer":"Craig"}
{"text":["Right, right.",". . . these invisible energies, these kind of cosmic influences and attractions and repulsions. So the notion was that the seed contained - you know, was pulled by the sun to drive up a clock. The seed was embedded in a cork in a tub of water, and it was shown, in certain cases, you know, to, when he displayed it, to - no matter which way, whatever you did with the cork, it would go right back and display the accurate time.","Wow.","But it was really a parlor trick because there was also a magnet embedded in the cork. And so if he had enough time beforehand to set this parlor trick up, before people arrived to see it, he would figure out, relative to magnetic north, where the sun would be, and he would set it up so that it would always show the correct time."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The trick was not really performed in a parlour - it is simply a saying that means that there was more to what was happening than people could easily see ","questions":"What does the term \"parlour trick\" mean in this context?","answer":"Magnet"}
{"text":["What does it mean to put your hat in someone's ring?Does it mean that you are, for example, trying to lead your constituents that you're trying to lead other people, who are a part of the Congressional Black Caucus or part of Congress?What exactly does you putting your chips on the table mean?","For the past 20-something years, I have been putting out a sample ballot. And if people don't get it at the time that they think they should, my office is inundated with calls. You know, through the media, through your sample ballot operation, I let people know what's on my mind. And I try and let them know why I'm doing what I'm doing and then they make their decision.","Congresswoman, I've had a chance to come to your offices in South Los Angeles and you have a multi-racial coalition of staffers - black, white, Asian\u2026","That's right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of \"putting out a sample ballot\" is distributing a document that contains a list of candidates or initiatives. However, in this context, it means actively campaigning for specific candidates or positions by providing guidance on who to vote for.","questions":"Which term describes how the Congresswoman campaigns by distributing a document that contains a list of candidates or initiatives?","answer":"Sample-ballot"}
{"text":["Beppe Grillo of the Five Star Movement - which you mentioned - and the Democratic Party have the numbers to do that. And I think if the Grillo people are not - if they are wise and responsible, I think they should do something. They got a lot of votes, now they have to do something with that. Italy doesn't have the time to wait for another year, another election. The market cannot wait. Europe does not wait.","Yeah, they're not waiting, but Mr.  Grillo, so far, has been very uncooperative.","Look, I read something that Mr.  Grillo said today, and it is that he expect Mr.  Berlusconi - therefore the right - and the Democratic Party - therefore the left - to form a sort of grand coalition government, and say - and then there will be a disaster. And there will be - and I will - and there will be another election, and I will be a winner on the rubble - he used the expression macerie, that means the rubble - of Italy.","We don't want rubbles. We are a good country of Southern Europe, and we want to be a successful country. So I think that even the deputies of Mr.  Grillo are not happy with that. They're now in parliament. They've got a job to do. I'm sure they can find 10, 15 points that they share with the Democratic Party, and form some kind of government, and start from there. I mean, to just say, I want to destroy everything, so next time I've got to have(ph) 50 percent, it's totally irresponsible."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Mr. Grillo's desire to destroy everything for personal gain is irresponsible.","questions":"How did PersonA describe Mr. Grillo's actions as a political figure?","answer":"irresponsible"}
{"text":["We have what are called the three amigos. And the three amigos are Secretary Perry, again, Ambassador Volker and myself. And we've been tasked with sort of overseeing the Ukraine-U. S.  relationship.","ORDO\u00d1EZ: And mind you that all this is happening even as Trump and his officials are in the process of ousting the U. S.  ambassador to the Ukraine, who Trump recently called bad news.","What kind of reputation has Sondland built during his brief time as a diplomat?","ORDO\u00d1EZ: You know, in some ways, Sondland is kind of like Trump. He's a businessman. He made his name in the hotel industry. People I spoke to said he has kind of a similar brash personality - a wheeler, a dealer, someone with a lot of confidence. He's kind of a larger-than-life character. When he hosted an Independence Day celebration in Brussels, he actually brought in Jay Leno as entertainment."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The person makes a great many large financial deals and is loud and confident.","questions":"Which diplomat is described as having a brash and wheeler-dealer personality?","answer":"Sondland"}
{"text":["And prosecutors then stepped up and said, we're going to have a no drop policy. In other words, we're going to assume, as often is the case, that the woman is going to ask, hey, don't prosecute him. Let him go. And he says, no, the State of Ohio or the State of Arizona or wherever you are says, this is our charge. This is a crime, and we're going to follow through.","Then it's up to the judiciary. And everyone used to look to the judiciary. Now, you have to be serious and sentence these guys. That in and of itself was not working, because once he was out, you are sending the man and the mindset back to the same home and the same woman with the same mindset. And so the taking it seriously and simply incarcerating was not resolving the problem.","So, what other ways are there?","Now, we are taking a more holistic approach to the problem. It is an approach that tries to sew up the seams of the system. I had a domestic violence group come to me and say, look, Judge, we aren't getting what we need. We are not getting to the women soon enough. You are not getting the men to domestic violence programs well enough or quickly enough."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : drop policy implies to neglect an already made policy in favor of someone ","questions":"What does the no drop policy assume?","answer":"Assume"}
{"text":["Now what we didn't hear was a huge thunderous applause that you got from the crowd. Would you run for office again?And if so, what office?","I do - I would like to run for office. I really believe very firmly in public service. I enjoyed my years as lieutenant governor. And, you know, as a small-government Republican, really began to appreciate beyond the rhetoric of just saying, you know, I want a smaller government, but really focusing on how you make government work for people and how you make it efficient - more efficient partner in our daily lives.","And so I walked away from the office with a great appreciation for the value of public service and the importance that you can play in helping small businesses, in getting healthcare where it needs to be, and in dealing with problems of crime and the things that lead up to people to do things that create problems in their community, recidivism, and drug addiction, and things like that. So yeah, I'd like to get back to it. I'd like to run for governor of Maryland one day. And we'll see if that ever happens. But yeah, it's on the table. I don't know if it's in the cards yet, but it's at least on the table.","So you're chair of GOPAC, and it aims to elect more Republicans into office. So what are you working on specifically this time around?Are there any races or any strategies you're working on?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"thunderous applause\" implies loud, enthusiastic applause from many in the audience","questions":"Which type of applause did PersonA get from the crowd?","answer":"loud"}
{"text":["Well, it's a heck of a lot more. So the total incentive package, when you include some training grants and other things like that, is $7 million over 10 years that they're being offered now. What critics are complaining about is that it appears from a certain perspective that the state is essentially rewarding Carrier, even as it ships some of the jobs to Mexico anyway. From another perspective, they're retaining, you know, a thousand jobs at least. And those jobs do produce revenue for the state through state income taxes and sales tax, and the state would argue that it - and Mike Pence would argue - that they come out ahead still on that.","I'm wondering if that doesn't make sense to you, given the fact that if those employers just left the state, there'd be no tax revenue for the state of Indiana to tap, and even more people losing jobs.","This is the gray area of economic development. You know, how many of these workers would find other jobs in this state?And in terms of these incentives, you know, these don't even appear to be the primary factor in Carrier's decision to keep these jobs here.","Is it felt that the most persuasive argument was the fact that United Technologies, which is the parent company of Carrier is a federal contractor and needs to have good relations with the federal government, which Mr.  Trump's about to head?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The state is trying to make the best out of a bad situation by providing incentives to Carrier, even though it will still be shipping jobs to Mexico.","questions":"Which company is the parent company of Carrier?","answer":"UnitedTechnologies"}
{"text":["We're talking with NPR foreign correspondent Deborah Amos, with us from our bureau in Beirut. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. But does that suggest that people believe that some sort of conference, some sort of agreement will freeze things in place, at some point?","Well, maybe if we get to Geneva 10 as many. . .",". . . analysts talk about here.","Not funny, but it's funny."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The agreement will cause things to come to a halt with no further changes.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue suggests that PersonA may not be taking the situation seriously?","answer":"Funny"}
{"text":["And I can tell you though when people of color hear white people say, I was taught to treat everyone the same when racism comes up, they're usually rolling their eyes. And they're definitely not thinking, oh, right, I'm talking to a woke white person right now. They're usually thinking this is a dangerous white person. This is a white person who has no self-awareness and is not going to be able to hold and affirm my reality, which is fundamentally different than theirs in a society which is deeply separate and unequal by race.","And you actually, in this book, very specifically target white progressives. You say that white progressives cause the most daily damage to people of color. What do you mean?","Yeah. First, let's define a white progressive. In my mind, it's any white person who thinks they're not racist - thinks they get it, thinks they are less racist, who's listening to the show right now thinking of all the other white people that really should be listening to this show right now.","Right. It's never us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : White people saying they were taught to treat everyone the same is not enough to combat racism.","questions":"Which people of color's reaction is described when white people say they were taught to treat everyone the same?","answer":"People"}
{"text":["But Barack Obama blew right straight through half a million, a million. He's now approaching a million and a half donors. And of course they are not all giving the maximum amount of money, most of them are just giving 100 dollars or less, or 200 dollars or less. Nonetheless, the size, the base of that fundraising operation means that he can raise all the money that he needs, including, very possibly, money that would go to help retire Hillary Clinton's campaign debt after she does drop out, assuming some day she does.","Well Ron, thanks so much.","Thank you, Farai.","That was NPR's senior Washington editor Ron Elving, and he joined me at NPR headquarters in Washington, D. C."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"joined me\" - This is an idiomatic expression that means to come together for a meeting or an event. It does not mean that Ron Elving physically joined the person he is speaking to.","questions":"How did Ron Elving participate in the conversation with Farai?","answer":"Participated"}
{"text":["So I want to try making now the Syrian version of ful.","OK.","OK, I'm going to grab the red beans.","Helou got this recipe from Haj Abdo (ph), a vendor in Aleppo. All he made was ful and always had a crowd. That's how she first noticed the old man. This was years before a war broke out in Syria. She says his shop and the whole neighborhood is gone now. But back then, locals absolutely raved about his cafe. And while his ful is typically Syrian, it uses the sesame paste called tahini. Abdo had a special technique."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Haj Abdo's ful recipe is highly regarded by locals and uses a special technique despite his simple cafe.","questions":"What is the main ingredient used in Haj Abdo's Syrian version of ful?","answer":"tahini"}
{"text":["Yeah.","That is just a staggering figure. Is the battle to keep San Francisco affordable already a lost battle?","That's a very good question, Ailsa. And I would - you know, I'm still optimistic that we can turn things around here and right the ship in San Francisco. We can't just keep supporting job creation and growth unchecked. And now in 2019, it's time for us to ask the tech sector to start paying their fair share in taxes so that we can support everybody to be able to live and thrive in our city.","San Francisco Supervisor Gordon Mar joined us from member station KQED in San Francisco. Thank you very much for speaking with us.","Thank you, Ailsa."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : San Francisco needs to start asking the tech sector to pay their fair share of taxes so that everyone can live and thrive in the city.","questions":"Which sector should start paying their fair share in taxes for the betterment of San Francisco's residents?","answer":"tech"}
{"text":["And now we'll go to another Dickerson. This is Brian Dickerson. He's a political columnist for the Detroit Free Press. And we're going to talk about Michigan. It is one of the key swing states in this election. Welcome to the program.","Thank you, Madeleine.","Well, both candidates have stumped a lot in Michigan, and is either candidate getting more traction?","Well, the most recent polls this week are a little mixed. But generally, the average of the reputable polls has been showing Obama steadily in front since about mid-June and picking up some momentum in the last two or three weeks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"But generally, the average of the reputable polls has been showing Obama steadily in front since about mid-June and picking up some momentum in the last two or three weeks.\" - This turn has a literal meaning and is also used with its actual meaning.","questions":"How has Obama been performing in the reputable polls? (Answer: steadily)","answer":"Steadily"}
{"text":["I was actually wavering in the blocks. And I saw on the video that some sort of bad form. But they fired the gun and I took off and things were going OK. They weren't going great, my strides were a little bit off. But I never hit an off-leg on a hurdle. As I went around the second turn and came into the final 100 meters, I looked to my left and realized that I was right in the middle of the pack. And that really surprised me. And at that point, I figured as long as I finish, this is a success. And as I got to the very end, right before the finish line, I glanced up at the scoreboard which showed the clock running. And realized that I ended up with a pretty good time. And so I crossed the finish line. I beat my personal goal by two seconds and managed to beat one other runner in the race.","Well, that raises this question professor. You're - I mean, you're a teacher right?","Correct.","You have devoted your professional life to helping, encouraging, enriching the lives of youngsters, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) While the topic being discussed is \"big\" and \"bold,\" the implication is that the author's focus is on how individuals hurt each other on a day-to-day basis rather than just the headlines and news stories.","questions":"Which focus?","answer":"Daily"}
{"text":["OK.","Lots of people have them. It's not open-heart surgery. Stents are often put in through the wrist these days. So - yes, so it's not super invasive. And people can go back to work if they choose after this procedure in just a few days, even a couple of days.","I'm trying to think back to what I know about Bernie Sanders' health generally and his past health history. Has he had any kind of signs of heart trouble?","I mean, what we do know is that as of January 2016, when he was campaigning last time, his doctor wrote a letter. The campaign put it out. And the letter said that Sanders had no history of cardiovascular disease at that time. He also had a normal EKG. So right back then, he seemed healthy heart-wise. Now, people may remember recently he canceled some other events after that last debate. That was very minor. He was recovering from a hoarse voice, his campaign said. This is very different."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's not an extremely hard and complicated procedure to perform.","questions":"Which procedure?","answer":"Stents"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Good morning.","Thank you for having me.","Do you still feel a wall wouldn't be effective?","Absolutely. No. I mean, again - and I've said this before - a wall is definitely not going to be statistically significant. And the current existing wall, in fact, has had many issues. In reference to breaching the wall, I know some of the reports out had, existing walls have been breached thousands of times. And again, going back to the price tag that is going to cost the American taxpayer - it's just an incredible amount of money that's just going to be wasted."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A wall is not a good solution for border security and would waste taxpayers' money.","questions":"What is the main reason for PersonA's opposition to a wall?","answer":"Inefficiency"}
{"text":["These were all - the Hobbits. They were all living, you know, 50,000 years ago, all of these quite diverged groups of humans were living on Earth, and we're now quite lonely. We're the only group on Earth right now.","So something happened to them that didn't happen to us, that we survived?","That's right.","And the fact that - did they - do you think they knew of one another?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is not actually referring to the Hobbits from J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-earth but rather early human groups.","questions":"How is the speaker referring to the Hobbits?","answer":"Early"}
{"text":["Thursday is our day to look at the world of sports, and the world is, indeed, looking at sports this week by way of the Olympics in Beijing. But what are the prospects for American athletes?Here to help us with that is New York Times sports columnist, Bill Rhoden. Hey, Bill.","Mr.  WILLIAM C.  RHODEN (Sports Columnist, New York Times; Author, \"Forty Million Dollar Slaves: The Rise, Fall, and Redemption of the Black Athlete\"): The great Tony Cox, how're you doing, man?","I'm doing great. You know what?Here's my question to you about the Olympics. You know, we know that Yao Ming carried the Olympic torch through the gates of the Forbidden City. We know that Michael Phelps, Allyson Felix, are some big stars. We are hoping for things from them. We're hoping for things from the U. S. A.  men's basketball team. Here's my question. Is America really interested in the Olympics?Are people going to watch?","Well, there's always - and just as a caveat, I mean, the Olympics were always sort of my favorite sporting event, because I do think it's - you know, you've got people who've just trained for this one moment for four years. So, that's great. But you know, having covered about four or five of them, you know, sometimes you're over there and you're like, is anybody reading this stuff, you know?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite potential lack of interest, the Olympics are still a significant event.","questions":"What is the writer's favorite sporting event?","answer":"Olympics."}
{"text":["And then I decided to come out. Now it's been going on several hours. I'm several streets away from the Champs-Elysees, Scott, but the people - it's like it's the second revolution coming because people are turning over - they're building barricades in the street. We're still - we've got helicopters overhead. They're still firing tear gas. And everyone around me is wearing a yellow vest.","Now, fuel prices have gone up - I have read, I think - 23 percent over the past year. And protesters blame the government for this.","Well, the government - the French pay some of the highest gas prices in the world, like, about more than $6 a gallon, Scott. And the government says it's going to raise the taxes again in January to finance the transition to an ecological economy - you know, more environmentally friendly fuels.","And, you know, for people who have to drive to work - blue-collar workers, just everyday people - this is outrageous. They say they can't make it anymore, so they've come out into the street. And, Scott, this movement has no leaders. There are no unions behind it. There are housewives. There are retirees - regular people. There are people who have never protested before. So it's turned into a movement. No one knows where it's going to go now."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It will be difficult to keep the unemployment rate at 8 percent and it is likely to increase.","questions":"How might the French government's plan to raise taxes affect blue-collar workers?","answer":"Outrage"}
{"text":["Are Jews in Germany already hiding external markers of religion?","Yes, they have for quite some time. Jews in Germany who wear yarmulkes often wear baseball caps to hide their yarmulkes because there is a feeling of unease. There aren't incidents all the time. And yet, one doesn't want to court that sort of danger. That said, of course, there's a great wish that this doesn't have to be, that one can wear a yarmulke openly. And here on the streets of Berlin, generally, it is no problem. But no one wants to be the person where it is a problem.","Right.","And even - it's not just wearing kippahs. It's also speaking Hebrew, it's wearing Magen David Jewish star necklaces. Any outward sign can be a problem."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Jews in Germany are hiding their religious symbols due to safety concerns","questions":"What are Jews in Germany wearing to hide their yarmulkes?","answer":"Cap"}
{"text":["We're hoping that this research kind of paves the way to looking at novel high-speed adhesives. So how do you grab things - difficult things - very, very quickly?And so, like, if you were to grab something that's dusty, like a brick, or furry, duct tape's not going to be able to stick to either of those things. You know, you're going to have to use something like claws or grabbing mechanisms. But we think that with this new type of thick, viscous fluid coating a very soft substrate, that it will be able to grab oddly textured things very quickly. So in my mind, I'm dreaming of a - like, a frog tongue attached to a drone, and the drone can fly around and pick up packages really quickly and fly away.","Do you mind me asking - after a day in the lab - I'm just guessing- do you just want to go home and fast?I mean, it must be difficult to eat anything.","(Laughter) There are times that - especially in the beginning - where I had the smell of frog in my nose for at least an hour, and I couldn't eat anything. But by the end of the study, I'd been - you know, I was eating frog legs every week - part of the study.","Oh, no. Seriously?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker has become used to working with frogs and can even enjoy eating frog legs as part of the study.","questions":"What did the speaker eat as part of the study?","answer":"Frog,legs"}
{"text":["But there are an unestimated huge number of them that are already in circulation and, one would presume, if they were to be outlawed, an underground market. I mean, does the bump stock just go far enough?","Well, I don't know. I mean, look, I think most Americans do support an individual's right to own a firearm. I certainly do. Now, the issue then becomes, you know - I don't think it's practical to suggest that we could have some kind of gun confiscation movement in this country. There are just probably hundreds of millions of firearms that are owned privately.","I wasn't suggesting that. But I mean, what about limiting the number of weapons or rounds that can be contained in a magazine, which used to be the law.","Well, that's a debate we will likely have. Some states have moved in that direction. But I would suggest that the other issue that many of us are talking about, too, is continuing to enhance background checks for the purchase of private sales of firearms. That is an issue that many of us are advancing. Pat Toomey and Joe Manchin advocated for legislation a few years. I had strongly supported it. Now, I don't want to suggest that, you know, enhancing background checks in any way would have stopped what happened in Las Vegas. From what I've learned so far, I mean. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Background checks should be enhanced for the purchase of private sales of firearms to help prevent tragedies similar to Las Vegas.","questions":"How does PersonA suggest addressing gun violence prevention?","answer":"Background"}
{"text":["And, you know, there are many, many different ways to sort of be a poet in America, and some of us work in libraries and some of us work in garages and some of us teach children how to read and some of us work in hospitals. And the thing is just we're passionate about poetry, and I think that's a beautiful thing. We can't be all in one place. We shouldn't be. We have to be scattered about in honor to keep poetry what it has always been.","What are you learning reading all these entries?","Oh, my goodness. I'm learning that the poems that I'm - I've read so far are lush and lyrical and sorrowful and unpretentious and gorgeous and syntactically stunning and well-chiseled. And I can't tell you how many times I've stopped reading to say, how did she or he get her mind and heart around that so beautifully?And so there's some gorgeous books of poems that are out there and that are in this pile this year, and I'm just loving the fact that I'm basically reading poetry all day.","I mean, I've never had the pleasure to have that kind of job before. And when he National Book Award folks called, I thought, oh, this is going to be quite a summer. And it is. I have the books stacked up knee-high, several piles of them. That pile has a label on it, and another pile has another label on it. And I just kind of sit down in the midst of it all and lose myself into that beautiful language."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The person has a great many books in stacks around his home.","questions":"How high are the book stacks?","answer":"Kneehigh."}
{"text":["Well, we don't have a clear answer on that. That's not something that either side is answering in black and white. But the unusual nature of this information sharing certainly raises that question again with Manafort. And Manafort of course does face the possibility of spending the rest of his life in prison with the conviction in Virginia and then the plea deal in Washington. And the president certainly didn't do anything this week to try to head off talk of a possible pardon.","No, he - in fact, he said that's still on the table. Why should I take it off the table, right?","Exactly. exactly.","And a March 5 sentencing date for Paul Manafort, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"raises that question again with Manafort\" - The literal meaning is that the unusual nature of information sharing raises a question about Manafort. The actual meaning could be that the information sharing suggests Manafort may have information about the president that could lead to a pardon.","questions":"What does the unusual nature of information sharing suggest about Manafort?","answer":"Pardon"}
{"text":["ORDO\u00d1EZ: Well, Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney was on shows this morning defending the administration, defending the White House, saying Democrats like Swalwell, who we just heard, are trying to score political points on the tragedy, saying that about some of the other Democratic candidates who are still in the presidential race. Mulvaney himself is calling the shooter a sick person and says drawing anything other than that is wrong or fair - trying to blame the president is unfair.","This was a sick person. The person in Dayton was a sick person. No politician is to blame for that. The people responsible here are the people who pulled the trigger. We need to figure out how to create less of those kinds of people as a society and not trying to figure out who gets blamed going into the next election.","ORDO\u00d1EZ: And Trump himself, you know, at a rally in Charlotte last year, he said the White House didn't blame Bernie Sanders when one of his supporters went out and shot a Republican lawmaker during a baseball practice. They're saying they want the same type of response.",": And where does the White House stand in terms of policy solutions?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : No politician is to blame for the shooting in Dayton","questions":"Which shooting does turn 1 refer to?","answer":"Dayton"}
{"text":["That is Binyamin Appelbaum. He writes about economics for The New York Times, and he's written a new book, called, \"The Economists' Hour\" that traces what he calls a revolution in the way we think about economists.","This quiet but really important revolution that happens, really, beginning in the late 1960s and the early 1970s, where economists begin to gain tremendous influence over public policy in the United States.","In fact, that young economist who told his wife he had no future at the Fed, that was Paul Volcker. He became one of a small group of economists who made themselves indispensable to U. S.  presidents. Volcker rose to become the chairman of the Federal Reserve in the Carter and Reagan years.","So I asked Appelbaum, how did a bunch of economists go from nobodies to being important people?And he said it's pretty simple. In an era of real economic problems, they promised solutions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Binyamin Appelbaum is a writer for The New York Times and has written a new book about economics.","questions":"How did Binyamin Appelbaum gain influence?","answer":"Writing"}
{"text":["Ron, tomorrow, President Obama will sign the stimulus bill in Denver, and then it's on to Phoenix, and then, he'll round out the end of the week with a trip to Canada. Why so much travel?","I think he's learning from the last few weeks. When he stayed in D. C. , the economic stimulus package got stalled. When he got back on the road, got back on the stump, the energy in the atmosphere changed quickly. And being the campaign Barack. being in campaign mode, talking back to Washington from out in the country, that worked better than being the Washington Barack Obama talking to the country. He wants this symbolic energy to be flowing in that direction. He wants to be the voice of the people talking to the federal government, not the symbol of the federal government talking to the people.","NPR senior Washington editor Ron Elving. Thanks, Ron.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Obama's travel is strategic to push for the stimulus bill.","questions":"Which bill?","answer":"Denver"}
{"text":["OK.",". . . It's a big question.","OK. So it does seem that it's been reported that the president's advisers are at odds. His national security adviser, John Bolton, is hawkish, seems very skeptical about any negotiations with Iran while the secretary of state, Mike Pompeo, seems to want to de-escalate the conflict. Now, obviously, everyone should be very careful about committing troops to any conflict, so let's just take that as a given. But how do you interpret what's going on in the administration around this very sensitive and consequential issue?Some would argue that these things should have been worked out by now.","Well, as far as any discussion with regards to the military option - and there are four instruments of national power, primarily - diplomacy, information, military, economics. It's the dying principle that we follow here as a nation. I believe and many others believe that the military option anywhere at any time should always be the absolute. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"It's the dying principle that we follow here as a nation.\" The phrase \"dying principle\" here does not refer to a principle that is in the process of dying or fading away, but rather to the fundamental principle that should always be followed, even in dire circumstances.","questions":"How does the phrase \"dying principle\" refer to the principle mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Fundamental"}
{"text":["Oh, my God. I love them.","You love them.","I can eat one everyday. You hate them. I'm so interested.","It's literally, like, on my top three worst foods."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In this context, B's response \"You love them\" is not meant to convey a literal understanding of A's statement, but rather a sarcastic or skeptical response. B is implying that they do not share the same level of enthusiasm for whatever A is referring to. Therefore, the actual meaning of B's response is different from its literal meaning.","questions":"What is the intended meaning behind PersonB's response to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Implication"}
{"text":["Well, they do. But what people don't always realize about the Affordable Care Act is it's not just a discrete program in and of itself. It changed other government programs, too, and that includes Medicare.","What was the biggest change for Medicare?","Well, the one that's gotten the most attention is the change to prescription drug coverage. You may have heard about something called the doughnut hole. That's where Medicare would get you a discount on prescriptions but only up to a point. After that, you had to pay full price for drugs until you shelled out around 1,300 bucks. Then Medicaid would help you out again.","Now, some people never really reached that point because when they had to pay full price, they just started skipping some of their prescription meds. So the Affordable Care Act has been phasing out this gap. It saved people on Medicare more than $23 billion. But this program could go away with the repeal of the law.","That could go away, and we should say, once again, that we don't know yet what any replacement will look like. What have you heard among the ideas being proposed that might affect older Americans?","Well, a few members of Congress, Republicans, have circulated their own proposals for replacing the Affordable Care Act. And one thing that comes up in some of them, including in House Speaker Paul Ryan's plan, is a major change to Medicaid. Now, that's known as the program that provides health care for the poor. But it's also the program that pays for long-term care for a lot of older people. In fact, Medicaid pays the bills for most nursing home residents."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"It saved people on Medicare more than $23 billion.\" This turn is not meant to be taken literally, as \"saving\" here means that the Affordable Care Act reduced the amount of money that people on Medicare had to pay for prescription drugs, rather than physically saving money.","questions":"What does \"saving\" mean in turn 3?","answer":"Reduced"}
{"text":["Yes. I mean, the biggest actor in all of this has been the U. N. Refugee Agency. That's the UNHCR. But, you know, the reality is that these organizations can only do so much without international supports. The UNHCR has said that they need $46 million from the international community for their response to the Venezuelan crisis this year alone","Mr.  Ramsey, just a few years ago, Venezuela was booming, wasn't it?","It was. You know, Venezuela has the largest oil reserves in the world. But due to a combination of falling oil prices, governmental mismanagement, you know, the situation has gotten extremely bad. There was a study that came out a couple months ago that found that over half of Venezuelans report losing weight in the last year with an average loss of 20 pounds. People are dying of treatable diseases because of a lack of medication.","Do any of the refugees talk about the political situation?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Venezuela's situation is dire due to falling oil prices and governmental mismanagement.","questions":"Which country is facing a dire situation due to falling oil prices and governmental mismanagement?","answer":"Venezuela"}
{"text":["People who read the exchange drove from all over to eat at Sichuan Garden, post praise for their food and service and suggest that the Harvard prof had too many degrees and not enough good sense or human grace.","By weeks' end, the sheriff of the Internet had surrendered. It's clear that I was very much out of line, Ben Edelman posted on his website. I am sorry and I intend to do better in the future.","And some Harvard business students, perhaps from chagrin, began a campaign for people to make $4 donations to the Greater Boston Food Bank. Maybe the next time Mr.  Edelman has Chinese food, he'll end the meal with a fortune cookie that says it is sometimes better to be wise then right.","(Singing) Everybody has the right to be wrong at least once. Everybody has the right to be dunce-like once-like. Not being too smart is no disgrace. What sets you apart is smiling with egg on your face."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is aware that there may be differing opinions on the topic being discussed and is acknowledging the possibility of disagreement.","questions":"Which speaker acknowledges possible disagreement?","answer":"SpeakerB."}
{"text":["The final thing is this. How has both - how have both the culture and the appearance of Harlem changed with this new money and these new properties, newly priced properties?","Well, the culture is even more vibrant, because we have people that have moved in who have the money to contribute to the children's art carnival or the Dance Theater of Harlem or the Harlem School of the Arts. I mean, it's not just myself, it's brokers, other people who have moved in are writing large checks to these organizations, like the Studio Museum in Harlem. They weren't thriving before. Some of the organizations didn't exist before. The culture is only going to continue to be as great as it is and continue.","What you notice, though, is the complexion of the people walking down the street. In the bad old days when I moved up to Harlem, if I wanted to go shopping, you had to get on the subway and go to 42nd Street. Now I just walk down to 125th Street, and everything I want is there. And while I'm walking down the street, I see people from around the world. We get tourists from around the world, in addition to the non-African-Americans who are now residents of Harlem. So the face of Harlem is changing, but the culture is not going anywhere. The non-blacks who moved to Harlem moved there because they want the nightlife that we can offer.","Willie, thank you so much for being with us today and sharing your points of view."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Harlem's culture is thriving due to the influx of wealth and new residents.","questions":"Which aspect of Harlem is not going anywhere?","answer":"culture"}
{"text":[". . . In terms of choices. I mean, am I wrong about that?","You know, that research is still in the early stages as well. And I don't want to undermine it or underplay it, but you have to think about things sort of globally. And one thing that you can do is - if you're concerned about sunscreen use is you can just be extra careful about covering up.","So I know for my own kid, the swimsuit I got for him has long sleeves. And I'm always putting, like, a big hat on him. So you're telling me that's not overkill.","That is not overkill. That's actually a great idea. You know, there are a lot of sun-protective clothing on the market now, so that will help protect the environment 'cause you're using less sunscreen. And it will also help protect you against any potential problems with sunscreen ingredients.","In the end, how big a deal is this study published by JAMA?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Using sun-protective clothing helps protect the environment and against potential problems with sunscreen ingredients.","questions":"Which product does the statement suggest using as an alternative to sunscreen?","answer":"clothing"}
{"text":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The President's remarks suggested that he was not taking Puerto Rico's plight as seriously as he did other disaster areas.","questions":"How did the President's remarks about Puerto Rico's debt crisis come across?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["Obviously, when I was at FreedomWorks, we weighed in in supported of Ted Cruz very early in his primary challenge in Texas. So I'm a big Ted Cruz fan. But I think the fundamental differences between what I would call Donald Trump's authoritarian tendencies - he's all about what he would do as president. And you never hear him talk about the Constitution, you never hear him talk about the Bill of Rights, you never hear about him and the rule of law. Whereas Ted Cruz wears that stuff on his sleeve.","How do you analyze Mr.  Trump's rise?What do you think he's tapping into?","Well, there's two things going on. One is a clear sense of economic anxiety and the feeling amongst a lot of voters that the country's headed in the wrong direction combined with a sense that Washington doesn't really give a damn. The other thing that's going on, which I think is more fundamental and I think both Republicans and Democrats are struggling to understand this, is a transformational moment in politics. It's more disintermediated. The party bosses no longer get to decide who the choice is. And with the ability to drive your own message and organize your own get-out-the-vote machine without the party's blessing, all sorts of candidates have become competitive. Donald Trump is definitely part of that, although he's sort of the odd man out because he's more of a cult of personality.","Is he though, at the same time, tapping into some of the sentiment that you and the tea party began to raise?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Donald Trump's success is partly due to the ability of individuals to spread their message without the support of the political establishment.","questions":"Which ability is responsible for Donald Trump's success?","answer":"Spreading"}
{"text":["And you'll vote again, yes, today.","I will, although I'm pretty peeved at the Senate for putting in the baloney tax extension. I mean, I can't believe that the Senate did that. I mean, how disgusting. But we're over a barrel, we've got to hold our nose. You know, we can't let the state of California go belly up financially.","There is a real risk though, congresswoman, that even if the House passes this it goes through, the president signs it - that it won't help, that it won't unfreeze the credit markets.","We're still going to have a problem. I mean, there is no question that there is already layoff. There's going to be an economic decline. There's going to be a recession. The question is how deep and, you know, is this going to be a catastrophe or is just going to be bad. This is not the last thing we're going to have to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The economic situation will get worse, and it's uncertain how bad it will be.","questions":"What is the uncertainty regarding the economic situation?","answer":"Bad"}
{"text":["Sort of the intellectual or business father of this. But he himself did not survive. But the practice did survive. And I want to ask for some distinctions here. You have different terms in the book, slaves, indentured servants and what you call free willers. I'm intrigued by the concept of a free willer. Who were they, and what did they get from essentially putting themselves in servitude?","Well, that's what they got. They put themselves in servitude. They were desperate. They were poor people or people who didn't have enough money to pay for the trip to America. They wanted a new life. They hoped that they would get one in America. And so they signed themselves away, their freedoms away, as indentured servants to pay for their passage. And that would be for anything between three and 11 years, usually. Now most of them, initially, didn't survive more than a couple of years.","The first - the average, I think, lifespan of a new indentured servant in the 1620s was probably two years. So these were - they were called at the time free willers because they went of their free will, and so many others didn't go of their free will. They were sent there. They were sent there in chains. They were sentenced to go there. They weren't free at all. Well, nor were these people. So that's the free willers. They are indentured servants.","What about the relationship of the white indentured servants to the African or African-descendant slaves?How did they get along, and how did the people who were essentially their masters treat them differently, if they did?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Indentured servants were not actually free and were treated similarly to slaves.","questions":"Which group of people were called free willers?","answer":"Indentured-servants"}
{"text":["Mr.  Jones\u2026","Yes?","\u2026when you think about the issues of justice and in - for so long, we as African-Americans have and many of us have debated what does justice mean in this life, what does justice mean in the next life, do you think that there is racial justice?Do you think that there will be racial justice on this Earth?","Yes, I do. I believe that we are at a profound transition point. Martin King would say today, there's no way we can make the transition to the 21st century unless we leave the baggage of slavery and racism behind.","And I think to talk about current events, I think that he would both be disappointed and appalled in what's going on in the political discourse. He would be disappointed because when the Senator Obama is criticized in the speech he gave in Philadelphia, Martin would say, well, hold on, America seems to be deeply afflicted by amnesia about how it cheated these African-American people over the past 20th century.","But I think he'd applaud the fact that Senator Obama did what should have been done earlier and needs to be done. You see what Senator Obama did, he walked into the national living room of America and acknowledged and then talked to the 800-pound gorilla of race relations that everybody knew was sitting in there for the 20th century."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : The speaker believes that Senator Obama did the right thing by addressing the issue of race relations in America, which has been a long-standing problem. The reference to the \"800-pound gorilla\" suggests that this is a difficult issue that people have been avoiding for a long time.","questions":"What does the reference to the \"800-pound gorilla\" suggest about the issue of race relations in America?","answer":"Complex"}
{"text":["But more generally, Africa and Latin America are being hurt, but it doesn't seem quite as bad for example, as those in Eastern Europe, their debt levels are not as high. While they're hurting some because of the big fall in commodity prices - I mean, we've seen for example the first negative growth in South Africa since 1998. But I don't think these are as hard hit because the financial exposure in this part of the world is not as great as let's say it is in the U. S.  certainly, in Europe, and parts of emerging Europe.","Is that what is allowing some countries to be - I hesitate to use the word financially successful at the moment, but allowing them to compete in a way that they had not been able to before?","Well, it's possible, I think. I - you know, I think everybody is getting hurt. The only question is how much. And as we were saying earlier, the - many of the countries in Africa and Latin America seem to be, for the moment at least, being hurt less than countries in other regions like, say, Russia or Ukraine or Hungary. So, it's a matter of relative hurt rather than success.","Ah, that's a good way of putting it. Now, when trouble strikes immigrants and their families may choose to head home or they could be forced to return if their visas depend on having a job. What impact has the economic downturn had on immigration?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Everybody getting hurt doesn't mean physically hurt but that everybody is experiencing difficulties. ","questions":"Which word describes the type of hurt that everyone is experiencing according to turn 2?","answer":"Difficulties"}
{"text":["You know, in the post-Katrina era, Scott, the assumption has been that when a hurricane comes, you focus on that and set other things aside. So it was jarring when the president went ahead with his summit with Kanye West. And as you say, it was a major full-media presence in the Oval Office.","But the president's theme all week has been to keep the focus on the president. He's had a flurry of news availabilities - way more than usual. In fact, in the last month, he's had more than in all the time previously in his presidency - very flashy events, campaign rallies around the country, night after night.","And that happens just as the cable operations - television, news - has - well, they've begun to lose interest in some of those rallies. They're not covering them from beginning to end anymore, sometimes not covering them all - at all, perhaps because they do seem to be news-free campaign events, and maybe because they've become so frequent.","Does this week's sudden stock sell-off raise questions about what had seemed to be so much good news about the economy, including that historically low unemployment rate?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The President has been using flashy events and rallies to maintain the spotlight on himself and his presidency","questions":"How has the President been maintaining the spotlight on himself and his presidency?","answer":"Flashy"}
{"text":["And it's not just exhaustion, Ambassador. It's a belief on all sides that they cannot win on the battlefield.","Yeah. And I think that is beginning to dawn on people. There is this view that somehow if the U. S.  launches air strikes on behalf of the rebels that this could somehow turn the tide. But I think if you're in the military and the Pentagon, you start looking at what exactly your target sets are going to be. You're going to see this as a pretty complex problem and then maybe air strikes are not going to solve it.","There's also the idea of a no-fly zone because the Assad forces have used air strikes on others. And there is no question that could have some impact on the ground, but none of these things are a sure bet. And the only sure bet is that they would - the first step in any of these things is an act of war, whether we like it or not.","And imposing a no-fly zone is an act of war. You mentioned some people who ought to be involved in this conversation. You did not mention a player with a major stake in Syria, and that's Iran."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The person thinks that the fact they can not win is beginning to be believed by people.","questions":"What is the belief on all sides regarding winning on the battlefield?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["It's a delight to be back with you, Scott.","Now, is this just another drip in the FIFA scandal or does this suggest that the Justice Department is any closer to sorting all of this out?","Well, the noose is tightening. Similar scenes in Brazil have gone on in Germany. It's kind of like the end of the \"Godfather\" movies where the dominoes are all falling, one by one. Sepp Blatter, the farcical little man who's run FIFA for the past couple of decades - FIFA, the nonprofit of a billion-and-a-half cash reserve. It's a wonderful - they're my favorite kind of nonprofit.","It's the kind of nonprofit NPR should be, but go ahead, yes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 3) Implied meaning: The situation is getting worse for FIFA, with similar events happening in both Brazil and Germany. Sepp Blatter, the long-time leader of the organization, is running out of time as the evidence against him is mounting. Despite all the money they have, they are still a non-profit organization","questions":"What is the organization that has a billion-and-a-half cash reserve?","answer":"FIFA"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. Some of the stories seem to have sort of a moral to them, like the one - mysterious one I'm going to call the rectum in a jar.","Yeah, this is the case of the rectum of the Bishop of Durham. If you go to London and you visit the Hunterian Museum, it's a wonderful, wonderful - one - in fact, one of the world's few remaining big medical museums. It's part of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. If you go and visit it, on display on the main floor inside a jar is something they call object RCSHC\/P192. The label identifies it as being the preserved rectum of the Bishop of Durham, and we're talking about Thomas Thurlow, who was born in 1737, died in 1791. Would you like to hear the story of why it's in a jar in London on display?","With that kind of teaser, how could I not?","OK. The - that particular Bishop of Durham was a rich and powerful man. And he came down with some ailments and called in one of the celebrated doctors of the day, John Hunter, a man who, years later, went on to found this museum. Dr.  Hunter examined him and told him he had an incurable disease and that it was bad news. The bishop did not want to accept this news, so he was very insulting to this doctor and instead went and insult - and consulted a cattle doctor who gave him some kind of nostrum."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The story titled 'rectum in a jar' has a moral to it","questions":"How is the rectum of the Bishop of Durham displayed?","answer":"Jar"}
{"text":["Well, for me it's almost anything that I'm sent and asked to click on in which somebody else is supposedly really embarrassing themselves. And I'm supposed to find this funny. I'm supposed to enjoy the spectacle. But it's just a physical response that I can't, you know. I clench sort of every muscle in my body and I can barely bring myself to watch it and then end up pressing stop. So, you know, examples would be the recording that was around this week of an employee of a cable company attempting to make a departing customer stay using all sorts of extraordinary arguments, I'm told. I'm told it was very embarrassing for the cable company employee. But I don't know because I can't bring myself to listen to it.","The guy who proposed marriage to a woman at the ballpark - you know about this one?","Oh, this is going to be a wedding proposal that is rejected in public, I think?","Yeah, that's it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : the speaker is not actually clenching every muscle in their body, but rather expressing a strong physical discomfort or aversion to watching embarrassing videos.","questions":"Which physical response does the speaker have to watching embarrassing videos?","answer":"Discomfort"}
{"text":["No, he didn't get to see it until it was finished, and by the end, that had ceased to be the main subject. Charlie Fairburn, as you say, is a successful screenplay writer and has had a hit with a film called \"Aliens With A Human Heart,\" which he's not altogether proud of, and so he wants to write something serious before he dies. And he thinks, first of all, he'll write about his immediate situation, but then he decides to write about consciousness studies. But that novel within the novel is wrapped around by a journal that he's writing about his immediate situation.","Tell us what went into the character of Angelique, the compulsive gambler with whom Charlie begins to keep company.","Well, he went into the casino hoping to lose his money in order to become this artist driven by poverty. He's horrified when he ends up much richer than he was at the beginning of the evening. He's sitting at the bar and this - there is Angelique with a symmetrical disappointment. She's lost all her money, and so he gives her his unwanted winnings, and they begin a passionate affair. But all of the incidents in this novel are really an attempt to look into the nature of consciousness.","When you're writing, how do you know when something is funny?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implies to ask for advice from the writer on how to craft humor in writing.","questions":"Which craft?","answer":"Humor"}
{"text":["And then if you go down river, as you get closer to Arkansas, some communities, like Braggs and Webbers Falls, have been totally emptied out. One mayor earlier this week told people that if they refuse to evacuate, they should write their identification on their arm.","Wow. I mean, it does sound as though it's just an overwhelmingly awful combination of floods and tornadoes and bad weather. What are people saying as you are out and about interviewing people and, I guess, just talking to your own neighbors?","Well, people here are well-practiced. When we went into the basement on Saturday night with a tornado warning that hit near our home, our neighbors had their medication already prepared in plastic bags to take into the basement. But this has just been every day for nearly a month. And when you constantly have warnings coming through on your cell phone for floods and tornado watches and thunderstorms, it is hard to not just shut down.","Yeah. Today, of course, is a holiday, Memorial Day. But are schools on track, businesses on track for business as usual tomorrow?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People in some communities refuse to evacuate despite being warned of floods and tornadoes.","questions":"How have some people in communities responded to evacuation warnings?","answer":"Refuse"}
{"text":["Well, the president fires the attorney general. The new guy fires the special counsel. History repeats itself. No, the president - President Nixon understood the Constitution. He understood how to govern. He knew he was walking a tightrope. So when a lot of different people in Congress, the public, the courts stood up and showed their courage and they were outraged and started to push back, he backed down. He let the investigation continue. And 10 months later, he resigned. This time it looks like a circus where the clowns are walking a tightrope in slow motion and some people are cheering as if it's a joke. But it's not a joke.","Mr.  Doyle, I must say you sounded almost wistful speaking about Richard Nixon.","(Laughter) Well, yeah. You know, I've never compared Richard Nixon to Thomas Jefferson before. Never thought I should. But I told someone yesterday that compared to Donald Trump, Richard Nixon is Thomas Jefferson.","All right. I'll leave that as your opinion."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Donald Trump is much worse than Nixon as a president and does not have the same level of political intelligence or ability to govern.","questions":"What did PersonA compare Richard Nixon to after saying that he has never compared him to Thomas Jefferson before?","answer":"Jefferson"}
{"text":["You know, we - we're in constant communication with our states. I know South Carolina has done - and all the states, for that matter - but South Carolina, they've done a very proactive job. North Carolina is really going to amp up the messaging on evacuations. Florida has, and Georgia. So, you know, we will be able to tell what those evacuation rates are, obviously working with our state. The states and the locals are the ones that actually call for those evacuations.","Right now, it seems to be going well, but it always could go better. You know, if you're in a danger or hazard area, you know, I ask you to take those warnings seriously, and evacuate and protect yourself and your family.","Jeff Byard of FEMA, thanks for speaking with us today.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : South Carolina is going to make more and much more public messages regarding evacuations.","questions":"What state's proactive job is mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"South-Carolina"}
{"text":["To be fair to President Trump, while tariffs, in my view, represent appalling economic policy, they are a reasonable political tactic in seizing the attention of a foreign government - in this case, China. And he succeeded on that. But in terms of the outcome that he produces, it'll be a classic case of the glass being either half-full or half-empty, depending on who looks at it.","Market access and a reduction in the U. S.  trade deficit with China over time - the glass will be more than half full. But on the others, the glass will get progressively empty. And I would be surprised, particularly on that question of state subsidy for China's high-technology industries, whether we'll see much substantive Chinese movement at all.","Do you think that Chinese leaders respect President Trump and his negotiating style?","I think the Chinese see in Trump two things. One is a preparedness to double down on these trade negotiations over a long period of time to extract maximum change in the Chinese position. So they see Trump as exercising American strength."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : none","questions":"How will the Chinese likely respond to the question of state subsidy for their high-technology industries?","answer":"little"}
{"text":["Are Jews in Germany already hiding external markers of religion?","Yes, they have for quite some time. Jews in Germany who wear yarmulkes often wear baseball caps to hide their yarmulkes because there is a feeling of unease. There aren't incidents all the time. And yet, one doesn't want to court that sort of danger. That said, of course, there's a great wish that this doesn't have to be, that one can wear a yarmulke openly. And here on the streets of Berlin, generally, it is no problem. But no one wants to be the person where it is a problem.","Right.","And even - it's not just wearing kippahs. It's also speaking Hebrew, it's wearing Magen David Jewish star necklaces. Any outward sign can be a problem."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Outward displays of Jewish identity can lead to danger","questions":"What can lead to danger?","answer":"Jewish"}
{"text":["We wanted to learn more about all this, so we've called on Daniel Fessler. He is a professor of anthropology at UCLA, and he is the inaugural director of the Bedari Kindness Institute. And he's with us now. Professor Fessler, thank you so much for talking to us.","Well, thank you for your interest. I'm happy to be here.","I was just looking at your bio, and you say in your own bio - your own university bio that when your colleagues talk about your work, they politely call it eclectic. And I took that to mean that your work is hard to categorize. So I just wanted to ask, you know, how - what is your work, and how does it translate into this task of creating this kindness institute?","So it is indeed eclectic, broad-ranging, you might say. I'm an evolutionary anthropologist. And, in particular, I work on understanding contemporary human behavior, contemporary human health and how the mind works in the contemporary world in light of our species' long history of evolution. And in terms of kindness, an important feature of our species is that we are perhaps the most cooperative animal on the planet. So in no other species do you see cooperation between large numbers of unrelated individuals, or even, in many species, tolerance of large numbers of unrelated individuals."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : His work is odd and seen as very different from what people normally do and\/or expect.","questions":"How is Professor Fessler's work described by his colleagues?","answer":"Eclectic"}
{"text":["The show was political. I mean, it didn't shy away from really difficult issues, took sharp aim at President Trump on several occasions. Did that play into Netflix's decision to cancel it, do we have any idea?","I don't get any sense that Netflix canceled it over the political content. If anything, the political content is one of the reasons why they treated this cancellation a bit differently and a bit more gently than they ordinarily do - because there were not a lot of shows out there about a Latin American family with a predominantly Latinx cast dealing with these issues about immigration, LGBTQ issues. You know, every episode has some kind of hot-button subject. You know, one of the characters is a recovering alcoholic. Another has PTSD from serving in the military. So it touched on a lot of things.","And that was one of the things the audience loved about it. I don't think, based on a lot of the other content Netflix has, that that would have been a reason to get rid of it. I think it was purely a financial decision or, you know, whatever the finances actually were.","And the show can't just get plucked up by someone else."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implicated meaning: The audience loved the show because it tackled difficult and relevant topics. The cancellation was likely due to financial reasons rather than the political content.","questions":"What was one of the reasons why the audience loved the show?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["Well, we got some comments about a story we did on a reported drop of media coverage on the war in Iraq. Charles Durn(ph) in Doylestown, Pennsylvania wrote us this. I am amazed how the various reasons given for the reduced coverage skip the obvious. One of your guests said that coverage switched off the same week General Petraeus said the surge was working. The obvious reason is the press is not interested in success in Iraq, especially if it made Bush look good.","Caroline Madelle Bennett(ph) in Rochester, New York praised us for a guest on that same segment. I don't care for much of what NPR puts on anymore, but I want you to know that I appreciate your having Laura Flanders on this evening. She's one of the intelligent voices of which there are so few on radio, in broadcast news, commentary and analysis.","We got a couple of comments on the monthly series on jazz that we're doing. Last week, we talked about how radio stations were dropping jazz from their programming lineups. Melinda Kennedy, who listens on WMUE FM noted this. It's not the music that keeps me from listening, but the radio personalities that host the shows.","And Don Nickels(ph) from Wildwood, Missouri chimed in, jazz has not suffered. Most of the greats are gone, but other than that it is the same as it's been for decades. It is a black genre and has never made it out of that community. Should it have more exposure on the radio?Maybe. But if no one is listening, who will pay?Welcome to what makes the world go round. It's called capitalism."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The press is biased and not interested in reporting positive news about Iraq.","questions":"What is the reason given for the reduced coverage on the war in Iraq?","answer":"Bush"}
{"text":["And let's just say, it was a fishing expedition. It was financed by Trump's opponents in both parties. Some fishing expeditions do come back with fish. And if this one actually did and some of that finds its way into the hands of special independent prosecutor Bob Mueller's investigators, then the dossier might, in some sense, inform their questions about Russian interference because all of this was about Trump's ties to people in Russia.","Right. And those questions about Russian interference will also be front and center in the upcoming hearings that we mentioned for the tech giants - Facebook, Twitter and Google executives who are going to be before Congress over two days this coming week. What will they be grilled about?","You know, in recent days, we have learned a good deal more about how extensive the Russian involvement in social media was, particularly the number of ads running on Facebook and how they were targeted. And some of this was using some of the people in Facebook who work with advertisers - big advertisers - and who help you target exactly the people you're trying to reach.","So this might have been - it appears to have been one of the main ways in which these Russian elements were trying to put a big thumb on the scale in the 2016 election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Grill: to question someone intensively and aggressively.","questions":"How was Russian involvement in social media extensive?","answer":"Ads"}
{"text":["Right. We're all talking about the wrong thing anyway. Most gun deaths are caused by the guns that people aren't trying to ban right now. You know, we're focused again on assault rifles. They don't kill that many people. In the spectacular shootings, we see the use of so-called assault rifles. But it's - handguns are responsible for most of the gun-related suicides. And that's half the - half the gun deaths in this country. And in the low-level street violence that you see in many cities, it's mainly a handgun issue. So we're not even talking about the things that are causing most of the deaths. But in the media climate in which we exist, these spectacular events get all of the attention. And the shootings on the streets of Chicago - one dead, two dead at a time - they don't get any attention. But that's the - that's the - that's the real center of the gun problem in this country.","Do you think the shootings we saw in San Bernardino do represent something different in - forgive me - the mass-shooting scenario. . .","Right.","Something different than what we've seen, and for that matter - obviously it's speculated at this point - but people who might not have been directed by any kind of authority overseas but inspired by something like that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn (2) implies a question, implying that the speaker is asking if the shootings in San Bernardino represent something different than what we've seen in other mass shootings, and if they could be potentially inspired by something like a foreign authority-directed attack.","questions":"What is PersonB's speculation about the San Bernardino shootings in relation to other mass shootings?","answer":"San-Bernardino"}
{"text":["Last week, Purdue Pharma and the Sacklers reached a tentative deal with thousands of plaintiffs over those lawsuits and - which would've paid up, I guess, $3 billion out of their personal fortune. Why did most state attorneys general reject that deal?","Well, what they say, basically, Scott, is that Purdue Pharma and the Sacklers aren't paying enough under this deal. They think the family is worth around $13 billion. That's the Forbes family - the magazine estimate. And the vast majority of that came from pushing really aggressively to turn OxyContin into a bestselling drug. So these AGs want members of the family to cough up more of what they describe as ill-gotten gains.","I will say the family sent an email to NPR this week. They said the deal on the table will drain a lot of their personal wealth and mean them giving up Purdue Pharma, this company that they own outright.","What is it that New York's attorney general and her team say they found?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"drain a lot of their personal wealth\" implies to lose a lot of their personal wealth.","questions":"What is the consequence of the deal that the Sackler family is concerned about?","answer":"Lose"}
{"text":["When I listen to you talk, I feel like the worst possible - the most hurtful insult someone could ever fling at you is, you're not authentic.","And she falls to the ground, and she curls into a ball. And. . .","What is it about authenticity that if it were lacking, it's mortally wounding for you?","Yeah. I mean, if you're telling someone they're not authentic, then what are you saying?I guess you could say the opposite of authenticity is - I don't want to just say fake because there's another word."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being called 'not authentic' is a severe insult","questions":"How does PersonA feel when someone insults them by calling them \"not authentic\"?","answer":"Insult"}
{"text":["I think it's very important for people to unplug. Setting aside the whole question and dangers of addiction, let's assume you're not somebody who is addicted, but you are still constantly plugged in. The downsides are likely to be, first of all, no time to think, no time to just reflect on what you feel, what you think, what you've been experiencing. And wisdom really comes to us through the process of reflecting on our experience and our feelings and thoughts. So, I think people are in danger of not being able to become wise if they don't take time to think.","Plus there is this huge factor of engagement with other people. We are we're social animals. We need to be connected. There's something called limbic resonance, which is kind of an energetic resonance that gets set up between two people when they are engaged in a positive and constructive way with each other and they are able to develop the relationship. And we know that when people do not have enough of that engagement with each other, they suffer depression and they suffer in other ways. So, getting unplugged allows you to get reengaged with real people in your life that matter to you.","Let's talk a little bit about how online addiction can work in tandem with other addictions. I'm thinking about gambling. There's now all sorts of online gambling. There's also pornography.","Right."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Constantly being plugged in prevents people from becoming wise","questions":"Which factor may prevent people from gaining wisdom?","answer":"Unplugging"}
{"text":["What should we make of these shocking statistics?","I think to most Alaskans, these statistics aren't surprising. Anyone who lives here knows someone or is themselves a victim of sexual violence. And so this is a reality that Alaskan residents are constantly made aware of.","You say in an opinion piece you wrote for the Anchorage Daily News that 59 percent of women in Alaska say they've been sexually assaulted.","That's right. And it should be noted that, though that number is remarkable, it is likely that that number is also conservative. And we should also note that amongst the 59 percent of Alaska women, 61 percent are Alaska Native, which makes Alaska Native women almost 10 times more likely than other Alaskans to be victims."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Sexual violence is a widespread problem in Alaska.","questions":"What is the main issue in Alaska that the dialogue is discussing?","answer":"Sexual"}
{"text":["The militant group ISIS, the Islamic State, has lost much of the territory it held when it was, as reporter Azadeh Moaveni says, running a kind of killing spree in Iraq and Syria. But many of the young women and girls that left their homes to join ISIS view the group differently.","The story I wanted to tell is how it unfolded in the lives of so many young women as kind of, in a very perverse way, an empowerment project.","Moaveni's new book is called \"Guest House For Young Widows: The Women Of ISIS. \"It follows some of the girls who left their families in Tunisia, Germany and England to join the caliphate. We begin with the story of the Bethnal Green teenagers.","These were a group of young high school students. They were 15. They went to school in a very urban, dense neighborhood of London. They were straight-A students. They were popular in school. These were not girls who you would think would be really susceptible, but a lot of them also had absent fathers."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Unfolded meaning that things are revealed to what they really are, in this case the lives of young women involved in ISIS. ","questions":"What is the name of Azadeh Moaveni's new book?","answer":"Widows"}
{"text":["What drew you to getting involved?","I made a comic about him earlier this year, and I sort of rallied this fan base of Nikola Tesla fans. And then I actually was involved in this little lawsuit in June. It was unrelated to Tesla. But as part of this lawsuit, I ended up starting a charity campaign, a crowd funding campaign to raise money for cancer and for the National Wildlife Federation. And it was a huge success. We raised like 10 times the amount of money we needed. Instead of raising 20 grand, we raised $211,000.","So then I heard in August about this real estate in Long Island that was up for sale that was Nikola Tesla's old laboratory, and I figured with my army of Tesla fans on the Internet and my previous experience with crowd funding, I thought I would be the perfect person to come in and see if I could make a difference.","Your comic, I think, is titled \"Why Nikola Tesla Was The Greatest Geek Who Ever Lived. \"Would you mind making that case for us?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A thinks that with their army of Tesla fans and experience with crowd funding, they can make a difference in Nikola Tesla's old laboratory.","questions":"What motivated PersonA to think they could make a difference in Nikola Tesla's old laboratory?","answer":"Crowdfunding"}
{"text":["Yeah. I think a big local newspaper, you know, was kind of like the big local sports team. There's always been hostility toward the big, local paper but I think there was a certain amount of pride in it. And this is our paper. We are a big-time city. I think the Herald spoke more for the community and reflected the community better than any other institution down here could. And now there is no institution to replace that, unless, you know, you talk about sports team or something like that. And I think that's true of many, many cities now.","We talk so much about newspapers. Is journalism going to survive?Has that become DIY?Is this an opportunity for novelists to step in?","You know, novelists have been trying to step in for hundreds of years. And I think the same forces that are sort of working against newspapers probably are also working, to some extent, against books. I just, I don't know. It just feels like everything happens so fast now and everybody, you know, goes on to the next subject so quickly now. Books seem a little archaic, except as entertainment and, you know, as an escape from policy and that sort of thing.","Dave Barry. His new novel, \"Insane City. \"Speaking with us, of course, from Miami. Dave, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker implies that the same forces that are affecting newspapers are also affecting books, and that books may be perceived as archaic except as a form of entertainment.","questions":"Which form of media is discussed as potentially being perceived as archaic in turn (2)?","answer":"Books"}
{"text":["You know, I'm encouraged by the step. It makes it easier to deal with churches that have enabled or covered up sexual abuse. That being said, it is a framework only.","A framework only - what do you mean?","Well, it creates a new committee by which these claims can be vetted. What we don't know yet is who is going to be on that committee, what questions the committee will be asking as they consider whether or not churches are in violation of the SBC standards on sexual abuse. And so it really remains to be seen what is built on that framework.","Talk to me about the culture. I'm thinking of some reporting that our religion correspondent, Tom Gjelten, has been doing this week. He's been interviewing Southern Baptist women. And they describe a culture that is resistant to change. Has that been your experience as you've interacted with church leaders?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B doesn't understand the implications of the framework","questions":"What is PersonB's question about the framework?","answer":"Meaning"}
{"text":["No doubt it has for those legal scholars and for other people who are actively seeking grounds for impeachment proceedings. It is not likely to change the calculus for the majority of Republicans in the House. And if you need to get a president impeached, you need the Republicans, who are the majority in the House of Representatives.","Speaking of his relations, the president's relations with members of his own party, he took to Twitter to call out Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell and House Speaker Paul Ryan about the debt ceiling and health care. Is he alienating the very people in the Senate he needs later for legislation to defend him against investigations?","It's going to harden the battle lines, the battle lines that are already there, especially on immigration, especially with regard to the southern border wall. And this is a sensitive time, as we approach the perfect fiscal storm this September. I'm talking about the budget resolution, the spending bills, the federal debt ceiling with the prospect of a shutdown or a credit default. While still remote, perhaps, that threat is quite real.","Another face has been crossed out of the White House staff photo overnight. Counterterrorism Adviser Sebastian Gorka has left the building. But was he a fired man walking, if you please, for the past week or so?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"change the calculus\" - this is a metaphorical expression that means to change the way people are thinking about something.","questions":"What does the metaphorical expression \"change the calculus\" mean?","answer":"thinking"}
{"text":["Yes, we're all OK.  We're all safe. We're at his house in James City, thank goodness.","Yeah. I'm told you left after the evacuation order. May I ask why?","We made the decision to stay based on the fact that all of the ATMs were out of cash, there was a gas shortage, monetary reasons and concerns of not being able to get back in. I have my father, who is in a nursing facility fighting Stage 4 Hodgkin's lymphoma, and I was really concerned about what would happen with him.","How is your father?How is your father, may I ask?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The decision to stay was based on financial and personal concerns, not just the evacuation order.","questions":"How was the decision to stay made?","answer":"Based"}
{"text":["If I hear you right, you're saying the process worked. Somebody who thought they saw behavior - not - I'm not asking you to characterize it - but thought they saw behavior that they were uncomfortable with or that crossed a line - that they were able to report it through the proper channels. It maybe took a little while, but it has reached the people it was intended to reach.","That would be correct. As a whistleblower fan, I think the process worked the right way.","Given that, can you speak to the delay that it took to reach the intelligence committees?The DNI knew about this for a while, and it wasn't reported.","Yeah, unfortunately, I would not have optic to that, which is a good reason because I think the individuals that are in the center of that circle need to remain small and precise in - to protect the whistleblower."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The behavior was unacceptable to what the people would accept.","questions":"What did the people find unacceptable?","answer":"behavior"}
{"text":["Oh, well, you'll be surprised, Neal. Actually, Minnesota has more solar potential than anywhere in the eastern part of the U. S. , except for Florida. We have nice, clear winters and good, sunny summers. Germany, farther north than we are, has much more solar than about anywhere in the United States. So actually, we're pretty well-positioned for solar. You'll be surprised how much of the U. S.  could do well in solar. We also have a lot of wind potential here in Minnesota, especially in the western area. But it's more about, how do we get that electricity to the cities like Minneapolis or Chicago?","And, of course, we have bioenergy here, too, and the debates about things like corn ethanol. That's another big contentious issue here in the Midwest. And one where, again, middle grounds might have to be found between groups that are in very different poles on that issue.","And what do you think is the most promising - again, the symbolic areas, those are always going to be difficult. But are there other conversations that could be had that, as you say, skirt the ideology?","Well, it's very interesting. Regardless of, you know, how you think of him politically, the Obama administration has actually done more, may be by accident - or may be on purpose - to think about, to take on climate change than all previous administrations, really, combined. Our CO2 emissions in the United States have gone down pretty dramatically in the last few years, partly because of the recession, of course, but partly because people are retooling and getting more efficient."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Minnesota has good solar potential despite being in the northern part of the US","questions":"What state has good solar potential despite being in the northern part of the US?","answer":"Minnesota"}
{"text":["You note when Turkey failed to prosecute this man and then your office did prosecute this man that you became a kind of social media hero in Turkey. You got a huge following. Apparently. . .","Yeah. Completely undeserved. As I said, other people had done the work. But I became a symbol. And I say, look, the prosecutors are not saviors. They can't solve everything. It takes an involvement from a lot of other people. It just happens to be the case that it's very easy to put, you know, their hopes and hatreds both, sometimes, in the figure of a prosecutor.","Are people putting too much faith in Robert Mueller?","People should have a lot of faith in Robert Mueller. I have a ton of faith in Robert Mueller. I think, you know, he is not a deity and he should not be put on a pedestal, but there's no one I can think of in the country who could have done this job as honorably as he's doing. And even he has been attacked and dragged through the mud and false accusations made about him. What I'm saying is he's just a lawman acting by the book trying to do what he thinks is correct with a band of really, really smart, I think, honorable people around him."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People should not put too much faith in any single person or institution to solve all of their problems.","questions":"What message does turn 3 convey?","answer":"Caution"}
{"text":["Honestly, it looks totally different than a Porsche looks like today. It looks more like a carriage.","Now, why was this powered by electricity as opposed to gas?","In the time when Ferdinand Porsche invented the first cars, there were three engine types competing to each other. This was gas, steam and the other engine was electrical power. And for Ferdinand Porsche, his true interest was in the field of electricity, and so he was very keen on creating very efficient electrical cars.","Efficient, so that was a consideration even then, in 1898?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), B's question implies that there is a specific reason or advantage for using electricity instead of gas to power the vehicle. The underlying meaning could be that B wants to explore the advantages or benefits of electric power in comparison to gas power.","questions":"How does PersonB imply the advantages of electric power in turn (2)?","answer":"Electricity"}
{"text":["Well, most of them are against the government, so many of them see even public health workers as the enemy since they work for the government. And every time there are clashes with the police or with government soldiers, you know, health workers have to wait a day or two or even more for them to get into these villages or territories to treat the people.","Yeah. You know, what struck me when I was reading your article was that the health officials actually think that this outbreak is made much worse because of these militias. It's almost like they've created the problem.","Absolutely. Because every, you know, day or hour of delay, there is the possibility that the virus will spread to someone else and then spreads to the entire village. And that could, you know, spread very dramatically.","So tell us a little bit more. You know, there are also experimental treatments. What kind of progress has been made there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Delays in treating people with the virus could lead to it spreading rapidly.","questions":"What is the reason for health workers having to wait to get into villages or territories to treat people?","answer":"Delays"}
{"text":["Yes. We got involved and that's 25 years ago. And it took us about 25 years to get it done. We met monthly. And - well, actually, we met like biweekly and just phonetically translate it - every word in the New Testament to Gullah.","Can you read something for us, a short passage?","Well, why don't I read just the first few verses of the Lord's Prayer that most people are familiar with?","That would be wonderful."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Well, why don't I read just the first few verses of the Lord's Prayer that most people are familiar with? (Actual meaning: A suggests reading a portion of the Lord's Prayer that is well-known to most people.)","questions":"How did PersonA suggest reading a portion of the Lord's Prayer?","answer":"First"}
{"text":["And so, finally, what would affect this backlog?What would be the most - in your view, based on your experience - the most effective way to address this backlog - this enormous backlog of cases?","I think, to begin with, any high-volume court system - criminal courts, you know, outside of the immigration system - can only survive when you have - the two parties are able to conference cases, are able to reach pre-case settlements, are able to reach agreements on things. If you could imagine in the criminal court system, if every jaywalking case had to go through a - you know, a full jury trial and then, you know, get appealed all the way up as high as it could go, that system would be in danger of collapse as well. So I think you have to return to a system where you allow the two sides to negotiate things.","And you also have to give the judges - let them be judges. Give them the tools they need to be judges and the independence they need to be judges. And lastly, you have to prioritize the cases.","Before we let you go, I assume that there were different political perspectives at this conference, given that people come from all different sectors of that - of the bar. And I just wondered - and I assume that there are some there who favor more restrictionist methods and some who don't. I was wondering, overall, was there a mood at this conference?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : cases implies situations, issues or conditions and not suitcases or packs","questions":"How does the speaker define the term \"cases\"?","answer":"Situations"}
{"text":["Look. I think there is a very, very big leap between candidate Trump in 2016 saying, Russia, if you can hear this, show us the emails, and President Trump using his awesome powers to coerce a foreign government into interfering in our elections. You know, his defense to the Mueller report was that, yeah, Russia may have interfered but that he had nothing to do with it. If this story is true, here we have the president trying to force a foreign government to work with him against his political opponent in the United States. That's beyond unacceptable.","And you say, if it's true. . .","And yes, impeachable.","You say, if it's true, what powers does the House have to try to corroborate this claim?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Forcing a foreign government to work as per your choice is unacceptable","questions":"Which action of the president does turn 0 in the statement refer to?","answer":"Forcing"}
{"text":["Yeah.","You know, so, yeah, I think that there are people who really enjoy - just like it's sort of a niche market that people like the Winter Olympics. But largely, I think a lot of people who couldn't tell, you know, an Olympic torch from, you know, a fire extinguisher are waiting to find out if - can we wrest the gold medal back in basketball?","Why do you think that is?I remember watching the Olympics growing up, you know, and as a young man, I mean, it was big, big deal. You wanted to watch all of it. That's how you learned about other sports that you didn't even know anything about was through watching the Olympics. But it seems of late that it's lost some of that. I don't know if it's because of the doping scandals and Marion Jones and others. Why do you think that our interest has changed?","That's a great question. But I think it's - what's happening in entertainment in general is that there's just so much on our palette. There are so much to choose from and to watch. You know, when we were kids, you know, back in oh-hundreds, you know?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker suggests that many people are only interested in the Olympics for popular events","questions":"Which market does the speaker refer to as a niche market in the Olympics?","answer":"Winter"}
{"text":[". . . Entities. . .","Correct.",". . . Like - nongovernmental groups like terrorist organizations.","Yeah, the terrorist organizations or. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Specifically mentioning terrorist organizations as an example of non-governmental entities","questions":"What kind of groups did PersonB mention as an example of non-governmental entities in turn 2?","answer":"non-governmental"}
{"text":["So most of the players in the money sports, in football and basketball at the Power Five schools, are black. So 56 percent of the basketball players - men's basketball players - are black. Fifty-five percent of the football players are black. But 2. 4 percent of the students at these schools are black men. And so this is -","Only?","Only 2. 4 percent. I know. That was shocking to us, too. But there's this weird paradox that happens, right?So you have black men on these campuses who are basically invisible in the classrooms. But at any given time and during any given academic year, the most high-profile undergraduate at one of these universities is likely to be a black basketball phenom or a black football star.","What did you find out about if these stars are actually getting the education that they've been promised?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The proportion of black male students at Power Five schools is much lower than the proportion of black male athletes.","questions":"Which proportion is much lower at Power Five schools?","answer":"Students"}
{"text":["I would say that those who have sought to make a story of this initially focused on the decision by Hunter Biden to take this lucrative deal. But starting late last year and really kind of earlier this year in March timeframe, Giuliani and his allies have been pushing allegations that Joe Biden when he was vice president used his office to put pressure on the Ukrainian president at the time to fire a prosecutor who they allege was investigating Hunter Biden and the company that had him on the board.","I looked very closely at this and spoke to officials who were involved in that. And I understand the first example of the questions about whether or not he should have taken this job in the first place. I think that is a legitimate topic to be discussed and suggests questionable judgment that was made by Hunter. But in the case of his father using his office to fire this prosecutor, what I found was to the contrary. That prosecutor was not investigating his son or the company and is merely claiming that he did in retrospect.","Does Hunter Biden still hold this position?","He resigned the position on the board earlier this summer and basically decided that it just wasn't worth the heat for himself and for his father."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : He resigned because the job was not worth all of the trouble that he and his father were going through.","questions":"Which decision did Hunter Biden make earlier this summer?","answer":"resignation"}
{"text":["That's right.","Tell us about that one.","Well, that's around a star called HD 10 - excuse me, 40307. I'm losing track of the numbers, there are so many stars now. And this is a system where we first tried out some of these techniques, where there were already several planets known around it, three planets known around it, and we found three more by basically being more clever in how we deal with the noise due to the star's surface activity.","And this was - you have a rating scale for how close to Earthlike they are correct?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Well, that's around a star called HD 10 - excuse me, 40307.I'm losing track of the numbers, there are so many stars now.And this is a system where we first tried out some of these techniques, where there were already several planets known around it, three planets known around it, and we found three more by basically being more clever in how we deal with the noise due to the star's surface activity.","questions":"How many planets did they find around the star?","answer":"six"}
{"text":["Eric, good morning.","Yeah. You know, I'm reminded, the Chipmunks did a version of that (laughter). . .","(Laughter). Did they really?","Maybe we'll get to hear that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using allusions to reference something indirectly, assuming that the listener will understand the reference based on shared knowledge or cultural context.","questions":"How did the speaker reference something indirectly in turn 3?","answer":"Allusions"}
{"text":["Well, let's talk about the forecasting because one of the amazing parts of sort of science of this story was that hours before, the National Weather Service locally issued a warning that there might be a tornado. And it was pretty spot-on, it sounded like.","Yeah. You know, even days before. I mean, with this region was under the gun, we had outlooks noting this particular area would be prone to these types of storms on that particular date. Even that day, as you noted, some of our high resolution models indicated the possibility of tornadic storms. I know the National Weather Service put out some public communications, even warning, I think, somewhere around 11, 11:30, noontime hour that there was a possibility of storms later that afternoon. And even special warnings for schools.","So I want to give out a shout out to the colleagues and members of AMS there working at the National Weather Service and in the broadcast community because they were on top of it from the beginning. And I want to also emphasize that the Weather Service put out warnings 16 minutes before the storm even touched down. The average warning time these days is around 13 to 15 minutes, and that's up from five minutes in 1990. So although to many in the public that doesn't sound like a lot, that's actually above average so - and even more time before the storm reached Moore.","Talking with Marshall Shepherd, president of the American Meteorological Society. I'm Flora Lichtman, and this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. So what accounts for this change, this bettering of our prediction time?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The forecast for the tornado warning was exactly right for the place and time it issued it.","questions":"What was the timing of the warning?","answer":"16"}
{"text":["Well, the call has gone out to our NPR listeners, who are either going to be repulsed or intrigued by what you're talking about here, Terry Lee.","Yeah.","That's toe master Terry Lee speaking with us from the Sourdough Saloon in Dawson City, Yukon. Terry, good luck. Thanks so much.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) B: Well, the call has gone out to our NPR listeners, who are either going to be repulsed or intrigued by what you're talking about here, Terry Lee.","questions":"How would NPR listeners react to Terry Lee's topic?","answer":"Intrigued"}
{"text":["President Donald Trump had his long-awaited face-to-face with Russian President Vladimir Putin at last week's G-20 summit. Just how the issue of Russian meddling in the November election was addressed is subject to interpretation. And in this country, Congress comes back from recess with health care legislation still looming. So much politics to talk about, so little time - so let's turn to NPR's national political correspondent Mara Liasson. Good morning, Mara.","Good morning, A.","All right. So before we get to Putin-Trump, let's look at the G-20 meeting and what all the countries got out of it.","Well, the big theme of this meeting was how isolated and separate the United States is from the rest of the G-20, the rest of the big economies. It's like there's a G-19, and then there's the U. S. , particularly on climate, trade and immigration. The biggest difference at this meeting was climate. The other 19 leaders agreed that continuing to enact the Paris Agreement on climate change was important. They called the agreement irreversible. Of course, Donald Trump has pulled the U. S.  out of that agreement. So the Europeans and others are going to move forward without the U. S."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It's like there's a G-19, and then there's the U.S.\" - This implies that the United States is distinct and separate from the other 19 countries in the G-20, rather than simply stating that there are 19 countries in addition to the U.S. in the group.","questions":"Which country was isolated and separate from the rest of the G-20, according to turn 3?","answer":"United-States"}
{"text":["You know, it's interesting that you should say that because leasing was one of the ways you could get into a car without having to have a huge down payment. So now, if leasing is going to cost more, buying a car already costs more with regard to the down payment, it's going to be really tough for some people, isn't it?","It will be, and you know what it's going to put pressure on is the used-car market, because if you can't get a new one, you go get a used one. But if they have more demand for used ones, that's going to push up, too. So the entire - the love affair that America had with the automobile. . .","Coming to an end?","It may be a love affair that we have to look at again, you know, somebody cheated on somebody, I don't know who."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The increase in leasing and new car prices will lead to a rise in demand for used cars, which will increase their prices as well.","questions":"Which market may face a rise in demand due to an increase in leasing and new car prices according to the dialogue?","answer":"Used-car"}
{"text":["Now, Ward Connerly said of economic affirmative action was okay so you know, rich and poor but not racial or gender. How do you feel about those distinctions?","I think that it's some - I think that there's something very misguided about that. If you're saying that the government can take action to try to bring about equality based on finances and economic status, it seems to me that given that racism and sexism still deform opportunity in this society, it makes no sense to stand against allowing the government and allowing the private sector to take action to try to bring about greater equality and equal opportunity.","Next week in Michigan, a federal district court judge is going to hear oral arguments against prop two. That judge could decide to throw out the proposition is unconstitutional but you're actually hoping for a full trial. Why?","We are, because we think that we have to go to the Supreme Court with a full record in these cases. We think that it's extremely important to get at the question of what is - of who has a preference in the society. And I think, as Ward Connerly himself admitted in our deposition, there are all kinds of preferences and privileges that white men have that still are not afforded to the whole society. And I think it's very important to get a trial record on that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker is explaining that they want a full trial to build a complete record of the case, in order to bring attention to the issue of privilege and preference in society, particularly those that benefit white men.","questions":"What is the speaker hoping to bring attention to by requesting a full trial?","answer":"privilege"}
{"text":["Largely because the Algerian move to split the groups had failed. One of the groups they thought they'd fought off decided to join al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb, moving south and trying to occupy the rest of Mali. And that forced the French to intervene earlier than they intended, and they forced the Algerians to attempt, in some way, to help in this process by allowing French over flights over Algeria.","And tell us about the Algerian government's interest here. This government has been - this is a country that's been very quiet compared to its neighbors who have been roiled since the Arab Spring.","Well, Algeria, partly because of the civil war in the 1990s, was able to avoid the worst outcomes of the Arab Spring, in the sense that the regime was able to continue there. And Algeria, too, feels that it should be the dominant power inside the region. It's, therefore, tempted to avoid, allowing other states to intervene in Mali, which is along its southern border. And it's also trying to create a defense force of 25,000 men to try to counter the activities of Islamist groups along its borders. But that really has failed.","And beyond that, too, the Algerians are extremely ambivalent about the French presence there, but they've come to realize that they can't deal with the problem without the French participating too. So all in all, the Algerian government is extremely frustrated, very irritated, embarrassed and now feels that it's got to accept something, which in the past it would never have dreamt of accepting."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Algerian government reluctantly accepts French help in dealing with the problem in Mali","questions":"How did the Algerian government respond to the French intervention in Mali?","answer":"Reluctantly"}
{"text":["My father believed the world was divided between those who were mentally and physically strong and those who were weak and lazy. For this, I had to undergo a physical and psychological training.","Can you tell us about those nights in the cellar?","From the age of 6, I had to spend one night a month in the basement meditating on death. I sat on a stool, alone, in the dark, surrounded by rats. And I had a cardigan with small bells on it. I wasn't allowed to let the bells tinkle, as it meant that I was moving. It was one of his exercises.","There are just too many instances of abuse and cruelty to recount - I mean, the way he didn't turn on the heat, the way he made you bathe in his dirty water. He said he gave you his energy that way or something."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : My father was trying to instill a sense of superiority and strength in me by contrasting the strong and the weak.","questions":"Which exercise did PersonA have to do in the basement?","answer":"Meditating"}
{"text":["UNIDENTIFIED REPORTER #3: Mass squadrons of bombers and transports led the way, more than 11,000 planes spearheading the attack. Paratroopers landed in Normandy behind the coastal defenses.","You're standing up as we hit the coast, and you're ready to go. And finally, you wait for the green light. Green light comes, and it's like a slingshot out the door.","Were you scared?","Never thought about. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Describing the experience of jumping out of a plane in a positive light","questions":"What color was the light?","answer":"Green"}
{"text":["OK.  And do we know what happens next?I mean, what are authorities looking at next?What do they say they are doing in response to this?","Well, right now, they are - this incident is under investigation right now. The FBI is calling this murder investigation. The police chief is saying they are looking at capital murder charges for the suspect.","That is Reporter Monica Ortiz Uribe in El Paso, Texas, where she's been reporting on the events there all day. Monica, thank you so much for talking with us.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : looking at next in this context means the authorities are trying to figure out what will happen next","questions":"What is the FBI calling the incident under investigation?","answer":"Murder."}
{"text":["They were part of the crew of the USS Monitor, a celebrated Civil War ship that helped open a new era in naval warfare. The ship was ironclad, powered by steam instead of sails, and supported a rotating gun turret. The Monitor sank in a storm in 1862. Sixteen of 62 men on board went down with their ship. They were thought to be lost forever until 2002. The Monitor was being restored and the remains of two of the sailors were discovered in the turret. We're joined now by historian Anna Holloway. She's curator of the USS Monitor Center in Newport, Virginia. Thank very much for being with us.","Well, thank you so much for having me.","What do we know about these two sailors who have finally been buried?","Well, we still don't know their names, and that is one of the ongoing mysteries about these two heroes of the USS Monitor. However, as you mention, 16 men went down with the vessel, so there are 16 possibilities. Now, forensics tells us a little bit about them - their relative heights, their ages and their race - so that does narrow it down a bit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There are no turns in the given conversation that have a meaning different from their literal meanings. All the turns convey their literal meanings without any implied or figurative language.","questions":"How many sailors went down with the USS Monitor?","answer":"16"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes.","Condoleezza Rice holds historic talks with Libya's Moammar Gadhafi, and the South African president tries to get political rivals in Zimbabwe to reconcile. For that and more in our Africa Update, we've got Emira Woods, she is co-director of Foreign Policy in Focus at the Institute for Policy Studies. Hey, how are you doing?","Hey. So great to be in the same room with you.","I know, I get to do it every now and then. And every time I do, you're wearing an incredible tailored African outfit. One day we will have to take a picture and put it up on our newsandviews blog."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Emira Woods will give an update on Africa.","questions":"What is the name of the co-director of Foreign Policy in Focus at the Institute for Policy Studies who will give an update on Africa?","answer":"Affiliated."}
{"text":["The auto industry is perhaps the most prevalent of family businesses in Michigan. It's not uncommon for several generations of a family to work with the same carmaker. Alex Marinica is a junior at Wayne State University in Detroit. His father spent 20 years working for Chrysler. Alex, your dad recently took a buyout from Chrysler. What was behind his decision?","Well, I mean, obviously, it was a very hard decision to make. He'd been at the company for many, many years, and he really, really love working there. He thought maybe it was time to move on to some other things.","If you don't mind my asking about your career aspirations. . .","Sure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The auto industry is dominated by family businesses in Michigan, and it's common for multiple generations of the same family to work for the same carmaker. (Literal meaning: The auto industry is just one of many types of family businesses in Michigan.)","questions":"Which state has a prevalent auto industry with family businesses dominating it?","answer":"Michigan"}
{"text":["Well, I only recently arrived, so I haven't seen the whole city by any means. But when I got here, I went straight to a demonstration on the city's east side. This was one of those demonstrations that have been called by Juan Guaido for what he billed as the biggest-ever demonstration in the history of Venezuela.","There were a lot of people there - thousands, possibly in the tens of thousands. But I have seen much larger crowds turn out for Guaido before. And so this was a smaller turnout. And I think the most noticeable thing about it is that the mood has quite substantially changed. Whilst these demonstrations for the opposition leader, Guaido, were before quite very lively - there'd be a lot of chanting, a lot of singing - now there's a mood of wariness. I thought it was more subdued.","And not far away from where I was, there were violent clashes underway between the security forces and a small group of anti-government protesters in which, you know, they were exchanging. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the simple agreement \"yeah\" could convey a range of meanings depending on the speaker's tone and context. It could indicate anything from sincere agreement to disinterest or even sarcasm.","questions":"What could \"yeah\" mean in turn 3?","answer":"Range"}
{"text":["We recommend - we have a lot of recommendations. We think they're very practical. It can be done. Some of them are internal in the government themselves. There are internal changes Congress needs to make so that it can be more effective in this, and other commissions have recommended them. Now, let's do it. Let's get it done.","We want the life science community to work with the government about how to self-regulate. In other words, what kind of protocols can we use so that we can keep track of high containment labs better. And then, we say we need to emphasize Pakistan. Now, it's funny that this report is coming out now because we saw in the course of this that Pakistan is an epicenter for all of these risks that we're talking about.","Jim Talent, former senator from Missouri, thank you.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : track implies awareness and not record or relating to filed","questions":"How does track imply?","answer":"Awareness"}
{"text":["Some analysts call the decision a compromise rather than a punt, but the ruling leaves open many questions about what's next for affirmative action. We're joined now, as we often are, by David Savage, Supreme Court correspondent for the Los Angeles Times and Chicago Tribune newspapers. He joins us by phone from his office here in Washington. David, always good to have you with us.","Hi Neal.","Waiting a long time for this decision on a case the justices seemed to have picked to issue a sweeping ruling on affirmative action.","Yes, this is one that the most surprising aspect of it is what they didn't do. When this case came up for argument in October, it sure looked like the case that the conservatives had wanted to basically say no to affirmative action. Five of them are very familiar with this subject and have in the past been very skeptical of the idea of using race."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The decision was not something that was given up by one side.","questions":"What was the decision called by some analysts?","answer":"compromise"}
{"text":["Yeah, thank you.","So tell us what the article said.","Well, it's very interesting. It's in the Jesuit magazine La Civilta Cattolica. It's a very historic magazine, the Jesuits, of course, being the same order that Pope Francis - an order of priest that Pope Francis is a part of. And what's very interesting is that these two authors are known to be quite close to him. One, Antonio Spadaro, was the person who interviewed him in 2013 and made a big splash. And what they're saying is that they're concerned about ties between fundamental evangelicals and, kind of, right-wing Catholics in the U. S.  that are focused only on very neuralgic issues and kind of dividing in politics.","And the article, I believe, specifically talks about xenophobic and Islamophobic views.","Yeah. What the authors say is that, you know, Pope Francis has really been trying to create a culture of dialogue encounter, really working with people across all the spectrums. And what the two authors in this article are saying is that these right-wing groups in the U. S.  have been really doing the opposite. Where Pope Francis is trying to build bridges, they're trying to build walls. And they're playing up concerns about migration, about refugees. And they're kind of operating in the exact opposite way of the pope which, for a Catholic, is obviously a very strange thing.","All right, this article also directly mentions President Donald Trump and his adviser Steve Bannon. What does it say about them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : \"Directly mentions President Donald Trump and his adviser Steve Bannon\" - The literal meaning is that they are specifically referred to by name in the article.","questions":"What names are mentioned in the article?","answer":"Donald,Steve"}
{"text":["I understand, Mr.  Doyle, that you and other members of the Watergate investigation team still with us - well, you have reunions now and then. And I gather for the first time you had a reunion on the actual anniversary of the Saturday Night Massacre. What are the - my 15 year old now says, you know, what's the tea?What went on there?","Three weeks ago, Saturday night October 20, the Watergate Special Prosecution Force held a reunion. It was the 45th anniversary of the Saturday Night Massacre. None of the senior leaders are any longer with us. But the young idealists who had been in their 20s back when we began, they all showed up in their 60s and 70s as earnest as ever, as idealistic as ever and still full of hope.","Sorry.","No, I think someone was talking to you, telling you that, I think, we're running out of time. But did you want to make the final point?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The people who were part of the Watergate investigation team still held onto their youthful idealism.","questions":"How were the members of the Watergate investigation team during the reunion?","answer":"Idealistic"}
{"text":["But also, at the moment, there is a decided sense of panic and loss of confidence in the financial system itself, which is actually exacerbating the situation. The scariest thing that's going on at the moment is, essentially, there's a run on the whole of the Western world's banking systems. It's a behind-the-scenes run, but it's a run nonetheless. And this is why you're seeing some extraordinary action by central banks, essentially because they are now the only people in the - around who are willing to fund or finance the banking sector.","If there's a loss of faith in leadership in the U. S.  and Europe, where do you look for world financial leadership now?","Well, I think the interesting thing is, the normal thing - place you would look would be to the finance ministers and the central bank governors of the world and seek to see whether they can come up with some sort of plan or some sort of coordinated action. Everyone is gathering together later this week in Washington on Friday and at the weekend.","And so this is a real test. I don't think they necessarily want it to be a test, but I'm sure it will be seen as a test to see whether the authorities can do more than look at how to stop this happening again in the long term, which is one of things, actually, they were intending the meeting to be about, but actually to try and stop the panic."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The authorities are trying to stop the panic and the meeting is a test to see if they can do more than just plan for the long term.","questions":"What is the purpose of the meeting in Washington?","answer":"Planning"}
{"text":["Absolutely. This is probably one of the most consequential elections in Israel in the last 10 years, since Netanyahu has been in power.","Daniel, thanks so much.","You're welcome.","That's NPR's Daniel Estrin."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : None of the turns have implied meanings that are different from their literal meanings. They all convey their literal meanings without any hidden or implied messages.","questions":"What is the name of the NPR journalist mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Election"}
{"text":["I think it's a story that can stick with you for many different reasons. If you leave a film, if you put down a book, and there is something that you didn't know before or something that has informed you about the world you live in that you care about but you didn't know before - if you can walk away from any kind of story with that, I think that's the goal of storytelling. I believe this is a film that does that.","And so that's what I love about this film - is it really has moved people. And it's become more, I think, socially important today than it was when we made it. There's been a lot more attention being given to Indigenous and Native American people within our country since we made the film. And there is also this whole epidemic that every day, we're learning more about men in power and sexual assault. And those are what this film is about in a very specific story.","Elizabeth Olson, speaking with us from Atlanta. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to read between the lines.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue suggests that the speaker believes the film has become more socially important over time?","answer":"Turn1"}
{"text":["So to me, I'm not blaming what took place in El Paso on the politicians. What I am saying is that our political climate may very well serve as a facilitative platform for these crazy, extreme actions and ideas to be made manifest. So all of us need to build firewalls immediately. That's what I'm saying.","The question, though, I think, Reverend Rodriguez - I'm sorry, you just cannot escape the fact that many people feel that this president exacerbates these tensions in a way that few other national leaders do. I mean, telling people to go back where they came from, you know, who are people who happen not to be white - you know, when three of the four people he told to go back where they came from are people of color - I mean, how is that - how do you not account for that?I mean, how do you address that?","Again, I don't sign off on absolutely everything Nancy Pelosi, Donald Trump, Mitch McConnell, Chuck Schumer or Kevin McCarthy may tweet or declare. I don't. I'm not the endorser of anyone. And I have pushed back on statements that I do believe do exacerbate the very climate and culture that I just referenced. Indeed. But to put the onus exclusively on the president when on the other side of the aisle there are calls of uber-racism and absolutely. . .","When has Nancy Pelosi ever told anybody to go back where they came from?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : President Trump's remarks contribute to tensions and exacerbate racism","questions":"What does PersonB mention as an example of President Trump exacerbating tensions?","answer":"Remarks"}
{"text":["So even though there are contaminations or contaminants that can affect the meteorite, there is definitely a lot of information that you can learn about these. In fact, you know, a lot of times people wonder, you know, meteoritics is such a small sort of niche of very specialized science. But everything that we understand about the beginnings of the Earth, everything that we understand about beginnings of the solar system, what we're made of, what the planet's made of, the age of the Earth, all of that comes from studying meteorites. And, you know, we can learn a lot from that.","Would that be a good topic for a novel, do you think?","Absolutely. There are actually quite a few novels that have been written about meteorite impacts and, you know, microbes being carried over here from other places. And yes, there are science fiction books that I've certainly read very avidly about that, but, yes. . .","So what is the holy grail of a meteorite collector?What do you really wish for some day?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : not the literal grail or cup\/platter used by jesus, but the most important thing or idea","questions":"What is the figurative \"holy grail\" for a meteorite collector?","answer":"Goal"}
{"text":["But some people might want the extra three months of the nine months option. Just look through and see what's offered. And the other good thing is, this is not one of those negative option kind of options. At the end of the six months or nine months, they're not going to automatically enroll you into a plan in which you have to pay, because the six month is worth about 60 dollars and the nine month is about 115 dollars. So they will absolutely stop it, and you have to say, I want this back. But listen, for six or nine months you've got someone looking through your TransUnion credit file, so it's worth it.","You know, Michelle, what you're saying is anyone who has applied for credit, essentially in the last 20 years, any credit card, is eligible for this. There is a benefit, including maybe some cash, sitting there on the table. You can write in and get it. That's it?","That's it. That's exactly right. And you do have to register for it. It's not automatic, and you have to go to www. listclassaction. com. And once you go to the site, you click on the link for Register for Benefits. And then they will email you and tell you later when you can actually start getting the monitoring service.","We will link to you and to this website at our site, that's npr. org. Michelle Singletary, personal finance columnist for the Washington Post and contributor to Day to Day. Michelle, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The offer is a good deal and worth considering.","questions":"What is the value of the six-month option?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["Anna Sommer Schneider is a professor of Jewish civilization at Georgetown. This past week, the country's president signed a law that would punish anyone who suggests Poland was complicit in the Holocaust. Critics, including Israel and the U. S.  State Department, say the law will stifle discussion about those atrocities and cover up the role of Poles who killed or denounced Jews during World War II. For Schneider, this debate is personal. In 1977, she was born in the same town as Poland's most infamous concentration camp.","Despite the fact that I was born and raised literally in the shadows of the gas chambers, there was very little information available for me at that time - what Auschwitz really was.","Auschwitz was a taboo topic in her family. And the word Holocaust was not widely used in communist Poland. But as Schneider grew older, she wanted to learn more about what had happened during the war. She got her Ph. D.  in Jewish studies, eventually converted to Judaism. And for the last two decades, she's given tours of Auschwitz. She tells me even today, people see Jews in Poland as others, highlighting a long history of anti-Semitism in the country.","When we teach about Holocaust in Polish classrooms today, we often talk about Jews as strangers who lived in our country."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Jews are still seen as outsiders in Poland due to a history of anti-Semitism.","questions":"What is the reason behind Jews being viewed as outsiders in Poland?","answer":"AntiSemitism"}
{"text":["Ibiza being the Spanish island where this video was filmed.","Exactly - just blathering on and on to a Russian woman who they believed was the niece of a prominent Russian oligarch.","And I'll just insert here that I have not had the opportunity to verify exactly what is being documented on this video. But what it has done is raise all of these questions in Austria about the extent of Russian influence in Austrian politics. Is that right?","Absolutely. And, I mean, it's funny because these are actually fake Russians. This is - these are not necessarily people that were sent from the Kremlin. We don't really know the provenance of the video. Some people believe it's an activist collective. Other people are speculating that some secret services of various countries were involved. But the most important thing to say is that Vice Chancellor Strache hasn't denied any of the assertions.","Right. Well, let me insert a practical question here. Where does this leave the government of Austria?Who's in charge today?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Vice Chancellor Strache has not denied any of the assertions","questions":"Which high-ranking Austrian politician has not denied any of the assertions?","answer":"Strache"}
{"text":["It's a pleasure to be with you. And thank you very much for having me.","So this issue has been kind of dancing around the edges of political discourse for years now. I mean, Jesse Jackson made it part of his platform when he ran for president in 1988. And as we mentioned, your former colleague, Representative Conyers, reintroduced the bill in every congressional session for 25 years. But now it seems to be gaining some traction again. Why do you think that is?","I frankly believe that there's something to elections - And this is a Democratic House with Democratic leadership - and also the times. And it is tragic, but it is real that we've seen an uptick in racial incidences - white supremacy, white nationalism. And so the question of slavery, frankly, has never been addressed, particularly from the institutional governmental perspective. And I've updated the language of the resolution, HR40, and that is that it is a commission to study and to engage in proposals, recommendations on the question of reparation.","And it really goes to, I think, more people understanding that 40 acres and a mule was a legitimate concept right after the Emancipation Proclamation, and that never happened. But yet cotton was king. It was an economic engine of the entire United States. And so the prominence of the United States today in the 21st century is grounded on the free brutal labor that Africans gave and their descendants."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Expressing gratitude for the invitation and glad to be here.","questions":"How did PersonA update the language of the resolution, HR40?","answer":"Study"}
{"text":["A whistleblower has told Congress that at least 25 people were granted security clearances by the Trump administration after career employees recommended denying those clearances. Those 25 include two current senior White House officials. The whistleblower's name is Tricia Newbold. She's an 18-year career employee who currently works at the Personnel Security Office. That's the office that recommends for or against granting security clearances to members of the administration. She gave these details in private testimony to the House Oversight Committee last month.","Joining me now is a member of that committee, Jamie Raskin, Democrat from Maryland. Welcome.","I'm delighted to be with you.","So Tricia Newbold flags three particular instances involving senior White House officials who are kept anonymous. Can you tell us a little more about these officials who were initially denied security clearances but those decisions were overruled?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Joining me now\" does not imply that Jamie Raskin physically joined the interviewer in the same location, but rather that he is participating in the conversation remotely or over a video call. This is an example of a figurative or idiomatic use of language where the intended meaning is different from the literal meaning of the words used.","questions":"How did Jamie Raskin participate in the conversation?","answer":"Remotely"}
{"text":["Yeah. After the West Africa outbreak, there was this sense that, you know, we're in much better shape. We know more about it. We've got new treatment options. We've got a vaccine that's out there.","But in this one, it really has been this perfect storm. The area that this occurred in is incredibly poor, that had poor health care infrastructure beforehand. It's incredibly volatile; there's these militias that have basically been running that part of the Democratic Republic of Congo for decades. They're vying for control of minerals. And, you know, they have really undermined any governmental institutions that would be there.","And then all these health care workers show up to try to contain the Ebola treatment unit - that Ebola, you know, outbreak, and some of them were attacked, even killed. The World Health Organization yesterday was saying they've documented 198 attacks on Ebola clinics and workers over the last year. So obviously, that's an incredibly high number for attacks on a health response, you know, even in a declared war zone.","Well, I mean, yeah, it is a war zone, but why attack - specifically attack clinics that you know are treating a disease?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It does not make logical sense to attack people are trying to help get a dieses from spreading.","questions":"How does PersonB express confusion about the attacks on Ebola clinics?","answer":"confusion"}
{"text":["Well, I was abused by a priest when I was a child. And it caused me a great deal of difficulty with my life afterwards. I had a lot of problems with anxiety and depression.","How old were you when it happened?","I had just turned 13. I was in a children's hospital. And the priest who assaulted me was the Catholic chaplain of the hospital. And he also took indecent photographs, which had a lasting effect on me.","You were one of two sexual abuse survivors on the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors. Yet you resigned March 1. Can you tell us why?","I did because I accepted the appointment to the commission in the hope that the church was really beginning to show, you know, a sincere wish to change. And after three years, I resigned on some specific issues. But, basically, it was the resistance from some quarters in the Vatican to actually change.","Does it surprise you that someone as high up as Cardinal Pell has been accused?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"abused by a priest\" - This phrase refers to a specific type of abuse, sexual abuse, rather than physical abuse or verbal abuse.","questions":"How was the speaker abused?","answer":"sexually"}
{"text":["(Laughter) Well, punctuation cooking may be a bit different, but I call it a great deal of those dishes where people have little bottle and they do little dots and the little comma and question mark all around.","(Laughter).","And basically, there (laughter) is no sauce to dip your bread in. You don't really know what those things have to do with the food. When I cook, I like people to be able to identify the food. I like people to feel comfortable. I want people to look at my food and start salivating and starting thinking of a marriage of that food with a certain type of wine and so forth. But in molecular cuisine, this is fine. I mean, up to a certain extent - a meal or two this way, but after a while, I just want to go out and have a taco and a beer (laughter).","(Laughter) As I was reading your book, you know, Julia Child - your friend and co-conspirator of many years - was famous for telling us, remember, nobody sees you in the kitchen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) In turn (3), the speaker is talking about molecular cuisine, which is a type of cooking that uses scientific techniques to create new and unusual dishes. The implied meaning is that while molecular cuisine can be interesting and exciting to try, it may not be satisfying or enjoyable in the long run. The speaker prefers traditional cooking methods that are familiar and comforting","questions":"What type of cuisine is the speaker referring to in turn 2?","answer":"Molecular"}
{"text":[". . . You are from this area - born in D. C. , raised in Maryland and Virginia - the DMV, as we like to say. So what's it like to be back home now that you're blowing up like this?Can you go to, like, the CVS if you want to without being recognized?","Yeah. I definitely can go to the CVS. You know, sometimes people recognize me, sometimes they don't. But it's a beautiful feeling, and I just can't wait to move back eventually.","How did you start singing or how did you realize you could sing?","I don't know. I just was always singing. I didn't know if it was good or not, but my grandma, she told me that I sounded like an angel. And that maybe - perhaps that kept me going. I mean, I always wanted a solo at the church, and they didn't ever give it to me. But eventually they did, and I froze. But then I killed it. And I just feel like that kind of just followed me all throughout my life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Many non-literal statements here: \"always singing\", \"froze\" and \"killed it.\" They mean she sang a lot of the time, she failed to perform in front of an audience due to nerves, and she sang really well.","questions":"How did PersonA feel after her first solo performance?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["Well, Michael, this is what we do. We interview people. You use that information to decide if they're good or bad, telling the truth or lying. We followed the ambassador interview with our regular Africa Update, which gave a very different perspective on Zimbabwe. On June 12th, we did a very in-depth interview with opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai before he dropped out of the run-off. We got the bases covered.","And finally today, Paul Pierlot (ph) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania wrote in about a segment on how hip-hop websites were hacked by apparent hate groups.","He wrote, \"I'm hearing a lot of reports of racists spewing their ugly noise. It saddens me, but please, please keep the faith. I want to encourage all our listeners of News & Notes to keep our eyes on the big picture. History is about to bust open like a field of wildflowers. I'm surprised almost every day hearing another white workmate, friend and even folks I pass in mall parking lots telling me they are also voting for Barack. Yes, we will have to absorb the sneers and insults of those with shriveled hearts and closed minds, but let us walk in the path of Jesus, Gandhi, and Martin. No, let us rather dance, for springtime is in sight. \"","And that's it for letters. Thank you for writing, and please keep your comments coming.","To write us, just log on to npr. org and click on Contact Us. When you get there, you'll see lots of shows to choose from. Make sure you pick News & Notes when you write to us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Despite facing insults and criticism, the writer encourages others to have hope and support Barack Obama's presidential campaign.","questions":"What was the topic of the letter written by Paul Pierlot?","answer":"hip-hop"}
{"text":["It did. There's no doubt that people said, look, it's kind of like the Oklahoma land rush. We're going to rush out over the human genome, stake our claims, have patent protection. It gives us an incentive to go out there and look through the vast number of genes that make up us and figure out whether we can find disease correlations and so on. That said, that was kind of the old model, Scott. The newer way to go at this is to change those genes - try to insert a gene, alter a gene.","This is the synthetic material.","That's the synthetic side. And that's where the action is now. It's not, you know, the companies that were out there doing what I'm calling the turf grabs across the genome, in a way I think their work is over and the action is going to be on the synthetic side.","Which I think to repeat - what we said when introducing you - that's legally fine, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The companies were not grabbing turf but claiming things as their own.","questions":"How were the companies claiming things as their own?","answer":"Claiming"}
{"text":["And he was saying how we, you know, you here have been so fortunate. You've got to help. We need you. And then he pauses, and he says, for example, there's a young man sitting in this church today, my friends in New York, whom I respect. They tell me that this young man, his brain has been touched by God. But this young man told me something about himself, and I had the chance to meet him. His father was a chauffer and a gardener. His mother was a maid and a cook. And I said, oh, lord. I started, like, trying to hide in my seat. But he started really telling the story that was classic of many professionals. If somebody went and work for them, either their parents or grandparents that made it possible for them to have an education.","And then, he paused again. He said, you know, but he has forgotten from where he came. And I thought for a moment \u2014 because a - like a video of my mother, particularly when my father came up, and I started to cry. I mean, these tears came down. So I said this service is over. I didn't say a word, I just walked over and talked with my hand and I said, Dr.  King, when do you want me to leave?","Mm-hmm. And then you went onto work on what is Reverend King's most famous or certainly most quoted speech, the \"I Have a Dream\" speech. Now, today you can hear that speech used in a lot of different contexts. It's, in some ways, become background music for Black History Month, you know?","Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"his brain has been touched by God\" - This turn has a figurative meaning and is not meant to be taken literally. It is a common expression used to describe someone who is exceptionally intelligent or talented.","questions":"What is the expression used to describe someone who is exceptionally intelligent or talented in turn 0?","answer":"Touched"}
{"text":["From what I can tell, as an observer of the trial, it has. You have to bear in mind what the juror's going to be focused on are the documents. In a white-collar criminal case, it's hard to ignore what the documents say. You've got tax returns that they're putting in. You've got mortgage applications that they've entered into evidence. You've got emails. The witnesses are putting those emails - those other communications - in the context. But to a large degree, the record is all written.","And just in the 25 seconds we have left, any idea what direction the defense is going to take?","It's hard to say. The defense can put witnesses on, or the defense can choose not to. The defense can put the defendant on or can choose not to. I think that's probably unlikely in this case. I don't think Paul Manafort will end up taking the witness stand. But I think, at the end of the day, they're going to end up pointing their finger at Gates as a dishonest business associate who really is the one responsible for these crimes.","Tim Belevetz, former federal prosecutor, now in private practice. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The documents hold significant weight in determining guilt in white-collar criminal cases.","questions":"What evidence is important in determining guilt in white-collar criminal cases?","answer":"Documents"}
{"text":["OK.","We're in a tent at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival. So if you hear some extraneous sounds that you wouldn't normally hear in Studio 3A, please forgive us. But it gives us the opportunity to do some things that we wouldn't ordinarily do. We want to hear from comedians today. How do you translate your material, which comes from a certain time and place, to a wider or different cultural or even ethnic group?Give us a call: 800-989-8255. Email us: talk@npr. org.","And Trevor Noah, what did you find translated well?Is there a material that you did in Cape Town that you can do in Los Angeles, or Baltimore for that matter?","Not really, no. Because the points of view changes, you know?I think the one - well, I could talk about Oprah. Oprah is worldwide. Yes.","Oprah is worldwide."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : And Trevor Noah, what did you find translated well? Is there a material that you did in Cape Town that you can do in Los Angeles, or Baltimore for that matter? (This turn has a literal meaning of asking Trevor Noah if his material translates well across different cultural settings)","questions":"How did Trevor Noah respond to the question about translating his material across different cultural settings?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["How big a deal is this for you, Freddie Hubbard?Is this sort of a moment of, you know, am I able to do and be what I once was or am I having to accept that time has put me in a different place?Are you sort of at that?","So much that because you have to realize at one time or another in your career when you get a little older, you can't do the things that you did before. Now, it's been very hard for me to accept that. I never - I felt like - I always felt like I could blow it and nothing would never happen until this happened. So now, it's - no matter how hard I practice, it just seem like I can't do the plays I did. But people tell me, they say, man, you don't have to prove nothing. All you have to do is play good enough to get your point across because you're not going to play like - I'm not going to play like I did when you played those earlier records. And I'm just - it's hard for me to accept that, you know, all I want is young (unintelligible) getting off on me, you know.","Let's go back to 1964. This is \"Breaking Point. \"","See, I was trying to play like a saxophone."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : How important is this for the person and also they want to know if they are different now that they are older.","questions":"How does Freddie Hubbard feel about his ability to play like he did before?","answer":"Hard"}
{"text":["Now, for a general, basic financial book, get \"Smart and Simple Financial Strategies for Busy People\" by Jane Bryant Quinn. I love Jane's work. It's a really easy book to read. You don't even have to read it from beginning to end. You can skip chapters as it applies to you.","OK.  Last question, Michelle. This comes from Jennifer Melsaff(ph) from Mulino, Oregon. She's married to a construction superintendent who recently was laid off. They're worried about their mortgage. The payments are about $650 a month. Jennifer has already turned a 30-year mortgage into a 12-year mortgage, which means she doubled each of her monthly payments. She asked if she should pay off the mortgage quickly, making higher payments now, or should she put the put the money into savings and stick to the low $650 payment.","Because her husband has lost a job, I would stop making the extra mortgage payments. They need to preserve cash until he gets another job. So if it takes longer for her husband to get a job, they have the money to pay for the everyday expenses like food and utilities and such.","Michelle Singletary answering your questions. Thank you so much, Michelle."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The book by Jane Bryant Quinn is a basic and easy-to-understand guide to personal finance","questions":"What is the name of the author of the recommended financial book?","answer":"Jane"}
{"text":["He and his commission had better get it organized. Otherwise, the fury Nigerians are feeling today could spill into much worse. So they say the presidential vote and, of course, it wasn't just voting for president - also for governors, also for national assembly, also for the state assembly.","So we'll have the presidential next Saturday in another vote. But some other votes have been postponed till 9 of March. That's after the original second-round vote date of the 2 of March. So the electoral commission has got to get itself sorted out.","NPR's Ofeibea Quist-Arcton, thanks so much.","Always a pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The electoral commission needs to fix itself before the postponed votes.","questions":"What needs to be organized before the postponed votes?","answer":"Commission"}
{"text":["You know, I think really when it comes to animal agriculture and pork production specifically, we've always been about open and fair markets and open trade. We know that when there's a level playing field and we have an opportunity to be able to compete with other pork producers worldwide, we continue to gain market share because we are good.","When we have tariffs, these retaliatory tariffs, obviously somebody else has an advantage over us. And especially in China here right now, obviously we've got two 25% tariffs that add up to a 50%, along with the 12% that they charge everybody. That's a 62% tariff. Well, that puts us out of the market, makes us uncompetitive.","Well, with this announcement out of the White House, kind of unexpectedly just in the past week, I mean, do you kind of feel like there's a game of chicken going on, and you're caught in the middle?","Well, let's be very realistic. The real issue at first was steel and aluminum tariffs, which the tariffs were put on Mexico. They retaliated against the United States, and our product was at a 20% tariff rate. And really that was worth about $12 per head. And that $12 came out of my and other pork producers' pocket. So that was the first one."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Tariffs put us out of the market and make us uncompetitive","questions":"Which factor makes it difficult for pork producers to compete globally?","answer":"Tariffs"}
{"text":["From NPR News, it's Day to Day. Mexico could collapse if it doesn't get control of the drug war there. That's the conclusion of two reports, one from the Defense Department, the other from former drug czar Barry McCaffrey, who says Mexico is, quote, \"on the edge of the abyss. \"","NPR's Mexico City correspondent Jason Beaubien is in Tijuana. And Jason, that sounds pretty dire, \"on the edge of the abyss. \"What are these reports saying?","Both of these reports are basically saying that the drug war in Mexico at the moment is escalating, and it's out of control in some parts of the country, and that the U. S.  should be considering that these confrontations that the Mexican state is having with drug cartels almost all across the country could push the state into a failed state.","A failed state. So what actually could trigger that?What could push Mexico over the edge?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mexico is facing a very serious and dangerous situation.","questions":"How is Mexico's situation described?","answer":"Dire"}
{"text":["Germany - you want to look out for Germany. They've won two World Cups, too. But the Germans are having some issues. The reigning FIFA world player of the year, Nadine Kessler, she's out after knee surgery. One of their star midfielders broke her leg. Of course, we can't forget about Japan. Japan are ranked fourth, but they're the reigning World Cup champions. A talented young player to keep an eye on is 20-year-old Asisat Oshoala from Nigeria. She just won the BBC's female footballer of the year award. Not so young as the Brazilian team, but the team. . .","But Marta - they've got Marta.","Exactly, they got Marta. She's the best player in the world - FIFA's footballer of the year five times. She's so good she doesn't need a last name, Scott. She's just Marta.","She could balance of Volkswagen on her foot. She's that good."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"balance a Volkswagen on her foot\" - This turn is hyperbole, an exaggeration used for emphasis, and means that Marta is an exceptionally talented football player, rather than literally being able to balance a car on her foot.","questions":"Which turn is hyperbole?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["I was very impressed, though. I mean, I think just getting to the athletes' village is a huge accomplishment.","Absolutely.","And I know that you have been behaving yourself in the athletes' village and elsewhere. Any closing thoughts before you bid farewell to the land of crumpets?","Closing ceremonial thoughts?I was one of those skeptics who said it could never live up to Beijing. I learned once again that every Olympic Games is its own moment. Danny Boyle, the movie director and artist behind the opening ceremony, he said a wise thing about his production. You know, don't even try to compete with China, which had that unforgettable mega-opening ceremony. Do your own thing was Boyle's attitude."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  Implies that the speaker was initially skeptical about the Olympics in England but changed their opinion after seeing the opening ceremony.","questions":"Which ceremony did Danny Boyle direct?","answer":"Opening"}
{"text":["Coastal Texas did have a couple of days to prepare for this storm. People were urged to leave the area. What's your estimation?Did many people take that advice and get out before Harvey hit?","Well, certainly some did. As I was driving in from Austin and San Antonio yesterday, you could see a fair number of cars, you know, going the other direction. So certainly, there were some people that evacuated. But here at the hotel that we're staying, there are hundreds of residents who are from Corpus Christi who decided to hunker it out and stay the night here. You know, there were no mandatory evacuations ordered for Corpus Christi.","Some are beginning to wonder, you know, was that the best plan of action?Had a mandatory evacuation been ordered, they would have had to evacuate the hospitals. And that, you know, picks up a whole series of logistical issues. So you know, as the Texas governor ordered yesterday, if you feel unsafe, if you feel unsecure then you should flee.","And Russell, what do you see for the next few hours and next few days about when conditions might improve and what people have to contend with?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Had a mandatory evacuation been ordered, they would have had to evacuate the hospitals.","questions":"Which facilities would have had to be evacuated if a mandatory evacuation had been ordered?","answer":"Hospitals"}
{"text":["Just market access, kind of where the Chinese government was trying to protect the early start-up of industries in China. And I think now the economy's grown enough that this - many of these things could be opened up again and access could increase for American businesses. It's also information technology, being able to make sure you can move information across boundaries, things like that.","OK. I'm hearing you - I'm hearing a wish list on what you want China to do. But is there anything you want to see from this administration that would help things out for Cummins?","Most importantly for me, I want to see engagement. I think that U. S.  businesses do very well whenever there is any access to foreign markets. We can succeed in markets when we have a chance to compete. And that's really what we want to see with every economy around the world. We'd like to see that with the USMCA, too - the Mexico-Canada agreement, too. We'd like to see that signed and completed. We'd like to see more free trade agreements with other countries.","Have you raised any of these concerns directly with the White House?I know that you sit on the Business Roundtable, which is this pretty powerful organization made up of prominent CEOs like yourself."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : U.S. businesses perform well when there's access to foreign markets and a chance to compete. More free trade agreements with other countries are wanted.","questions":"Which agreements does PersonA want to see signed and completed?","answer":"USMCA"}
{"text":["Why the need for this guide?","We know that people are going to be asking themselves is the gift that I'm giving or asking for going to be secure and private?And as you said, most holiday shopping guides are focused on price and performance, and this guide is focused on privacy and security.","It's not just smart speakers, is it?It's a lot of devices that we've quite willingly and comfortably made part of our everyday lives.","That's absolutely right. And we're particularly looking at the area of connected-to gifts because more and more consumer products are connected to the Internet. So one interesting space that we've looked at is this new emerging toy category of drones. I have an 11-year-old who's pretty excited about drones, and it turns out that many of them connect to insecure wireless and therefore can be taken over, both the information they collect but also the device itself. So we think that consumers would want to know information like that when they're considering a drone gift."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Connected toys such as drones may pose a security risk to children and adults","questions":"Which category of gifts is the guide particularly focused on?","answer":"Connected"}
{"text":["Yes, of course. Even other aspects which are today very interesting, for example, pollution or noise reduction, so this was also the interest of Ferdinand Porsche to create an electric car, because there was no admission, there was no noise. Ja.","So why didn't it go into production widespread?","It went into production a few years later. In the year 1900, he further developed the idea of an electrical car with a hybrid system. So in addition to the electrical power supply, he placed two combustion engines in another car, and a few cars were sold as the first hybrid cars in the world in the year 1902.","So why did the combustion engine become predominant in the industry, do you think?","The problem was the weight of the cars. This battery pack weighs around 500 kilograms, so this was almost half the weight of the whole car. And the combustion engines, they were much smaller then. So I think it turned from the electrical engines into the combustion engines. And then they made their way to the successful, still successful, power supplies for the cars of the future."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning of this statement is that it is asking why the combustion engine became the predominant power supply for cars instead of the electric engine.","questions":"What was the reason for the combustion engine becoming predominant in the automobile industry?","answer":"Weight"}
{"text":["That's right, yeah. I mean, these - the owners of these brains in life, you know, they lived at this state hospital. Just looking at the condition of the brains now I can only imagine what they endured in life and now their brains were taken by questionable means. It's not entirely clear if it was legal for them to be taken by the doctor at the state hospital and then they were put in these jars. And it's upsetting to look at them, honestly, to see, you know, to imagine the circumstances of their life and then to see them there - it makes you consider your own brain, I suppose.","Well, a tough story to report. Thank you for doing it, Matt.","No problem.","Matt Largey, of member station KUT in Austin."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"It makes you consider your own brain, I suppose.\" - This turn is a figurative expression that means the speaker is reflecting on their own life and experiences in comparison to the circumstances of the individuals whose brains were taken.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the condition of the brains?","answer":"Upsetting"}
{"text":["Well, the Chinese leadership has continued to see dialogue first with Kim Jong Un. They've had two publicly announced meetings with him. One of them came right in advance of North Korea's announcement that it was going to pursue a satellite launch. We don't know whether that subject was discussed in China. But, you know, the indicator suggests that China is still trying to figure out if there is a way that it can influence the situation in North Korea without taking measures that would enhance instability. The Chinese priority is basically to maintain stability in North Korea.","And so it was - it's willing to prop up that terrible regime if it will prevent that regime's collapse and the horrible situation that might ensue.","I think it's certainly the case that if you're, you know, looking at why North Korea still is there in the middle of this otherwise prosperous region, the hand of China is the critical explainer for why North Korea is still able to survive.","Xi Jinping has been in power just a brief time in Beijing, but in that time, we have seen increased pressure on the Senkaku Islands. These are the disputed islands unoccupied, uninhabited islands in the East China Sea. Japan has controlled them for, what, 100 years. China claims them as well. There had been confrontations in the past where patrol boats and fishing boats had exchanged even water canon spray. But this time, a Chinese patrol craft flew over the islands, and that's a different situation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The hand of China is the critical explainer for why North Korea is still able to survive in the middle of a prosperous region","questions":"Which country's influence is crucial for North Korea's survival?","answer":"China"}
{"text":["Investors are ecstatic about central bankers working there. Listen to this, the German DAX Index up about 10 percent, the French CAC 40, up more than nine percent. Now, they are both measures like the Dow 30, which on Wall Street jumped 500 points in the morning.","In Britain, Prime Minister Gordon Brown put $65 billion of government money into three British banks. NPR's Rod Gifford is in London. We're going to him. Rob, hello. I think that people are saying it is this British plan, the so-called British plan that seems to be may be spurring a little bit of a recovery around the world. What is the British government doing, and what does it want in return?","Well, as you say, Alex, Gordon Brown is getting a lot of kudos from this, because he was the one who put this plan forward last week. What they're doing, as you say, is to put a lot of government money that is taxpayer's money, $65 billion worth of it, into three British banks into order to - they hope - free up the bank to bank lending, and the whole crisis of confidence that has struck British banks as it has done elsewhere.","In return - some very important conditions they want in return. Right upfront, leaders of these banks that have got into trouble must step down. Bonuses are being frozen for other executives who stay on and crucially, the demand that these banks maintain mortgage lending and small-business lending at 2007 levels, levels of last year."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Central bankers' actions have positively affected the market.","questions":"How did central bankers impact the market?","answer":"Positively"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Linda Wertheimer sitting in for Scott Simon.","The Silk Road, the centuries-old trade route that the West traditionally associates with Marco Polo, is believed to have brought silk and pasta from China all the way to Italy. Of course, it didn't happen quite like that. History always depends upon the teller of the story. And we have a new version from Jen Lin-Liu. She's an American food writer who lives and works in China.","She's written a book called \"On the Noodle Road,\" and she joins us now from our bureau in Beijing. Welcome to the program.","Thank you, Linda."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : none","questions":"What is the title of Jen Lin-Liu's book?","answer":"On-the-Noodle-Road"}
{"text":["Good to be here, Scott.","So why didn't you just tell your daughter Ronnie let's train for a chili cook-off instead?","I tried. I tried, and she was insistent. She was in her first year at the great Georgia Tech studying aerospace engineering. She wants to be an astronaut. And she said, look, I've got to be fit. We have to do it. And I thought - past the age of 50, I just thought it was beyond me. I'd done it when I was young, but I didn't think I could anymore.","You are running six marathons in nine days, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"You are running six marathons in nine days, right?\" - The literal meaning of this turn is a question about whether the person is running six marathons in nine days. However, the actual meaning is a statement of disbelief or amazement at the person's ability to do so.","questions":"Which statement expresses disbelief or amazement about the person's ability?","answer":"disbelief"}
{"text":["Awesome.","Yesterday, a South African court cleared the way for corruption and racketeering charges to be filed against presidential hopeful Jacob Zuma. A lower court dismissed the case against the African National Congress leader on a technicality last September. And claims that there was political interference by President Thabo Mbeki led President Mbeki to step down. Now, where does this ruling - this new ruling bring us, Emira?","Total chaos, Farai. Clearly, there's so much going on behind the scenes on this issue. Zuma's trial was on again, off again. Now, it's on again. Will he be put forward on corruption charges, and what will be the political implications?","Clearly, he is head of the largest political party, the African National Congress, the oldest party on the continent. But the ANC now is going through real pressures. The split between Mbeki, the ouster of Mbeki, the former president of South Africa, has now led to a split within the African National Congress."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The African National Congress is experiencing internal division and pressure after the ousting of President Mbeki.","questions":"Which political party is facing division and pressure after the ousting of President Mbeki?","answer":"Congress"}
{"text":["Stocks in two major computer chip companies - Qualcomm and Broadcom, two major ones - were down 6% today. Google dropped 2%. And this was after Google said it would stop supporting Android devices for phones made by Huawei because the company was on the Commerce Department's blacklist. Google is a major software provider for Huawei. And if these restrictions went on for months, Google could take a beating.","Correct me if I'm wrong here, Jackie, but didn't the U. S.  back off last year in a somewhat similar way shortly after blacklisting another Chinese telecom company?","That's right. It was a company called ZTE, and they were on the blacklist. And it went on for a while. And they were on the verge of bankruptcy. And this is a major Chinese corporation - almost went bust until the Trump administration reversed that decision and allowed U. S.  companies to supply it again. So it's the same sort of scenario. But, Mary Louise, the Trump administration has been tightening the screws on Huawei for months now in part because it has links to the Chinese government.","And U. S.  intelligence agencies believe Huawei could use its equipment to spy on the U. S.  and its allies. The administration asked Canada to arrest and extradite one of Huawei's senior officials. And administration officials have been fanning out across the world asking allies, pressuring allies not to use Huawei equipment. So up until now, it's been a full-court press by the administration to contain the company."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Trump administration is tightening restrictions on Huawei because of its links to the Chinese government.","questions":"Which company was almost on the verge of bankruptcy until the Trump administration reversed its decision and allowed U.S. companies to supply it again?","answer":"ZTE"}
{"text":["When you marinate after grilling, you actually make a marinade that doesn't touch any of the raw fish or meat.","Got it. OK.  What about people who don't eat meat?There are a lot of people who really are trying to move more toward a plant-based diet. How do you manage that on the grill if you have limited grill space?Because, I mean, it depends on why you're not eating meat. I mean, if you're not eating meat because you have strong ideological reasons, you don't necessarily want that touching. How could you manage that?And what are some things that you should consider for the non-meat eaters?","Yeah. I love grilled vegetables. I love eating vegetarian meals. I'm not super-strict about if meat's been on the grill to then make something with vegetables. But some people don't want them maybe cooking at the same time, where they might touch or come into contact that way. So I would say one of the preparations I really love for summer are grilled salads. So this is like a grilled spin on your classic salads.","And on Bon Appetit, we have a recipe for grilled lettuces with creme fraiche and avocado, which is a spin on, like, a ranch dressing. We have a grilled cob, where some of the elements of the salad get grilled and then tossed together with the other stuff. There is a grilled bread salad, which is kind of like a riff on a Panzanella, a bread salad where you combine it with some grilled vegetables."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Marinating after grilling doesn't involve the cooked meat\/fish","questions":"Which type of salad is a grilled spin on classic salads mentioned by A?","answer":"Bread"}
{"text":["Well, it definitely leaves him - I'd say in the immediate sense, it leaves him with a very tarnished reputation. I mean, this is somebody who appeared on the scene in 2015, taking up one file after another, everything from military to economy to oil policy. I mean, he's really collected everything.","He had charmed a lot of people in the United States as somebody who was finally going to change this kingdom from its strict Islamic way of doing things. And this has really taken a lot of the shine off. I think a lot of people have really sort of wondered, you know, is this somebody who's actually - has good enough judgment to wield the kind of power that he's wielding inside this incredibly important country in the Middle East?","Yeah. Well, looking at that, I mean, we are seeing increasingly strident rhetoric coming from Washington on the war in Yemen. The crown prince is very, very involved in that war. What's going on?","When his father became king in 2015, he was soon named defense minister, and the war started right after that. So this has been his war from the beginning. And it's really just been a disaster throughout. I mean, at the beginning, he and other Saudi officials were telling their American counterparts this was only going to last a few weeks."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : What people think of him has lessened due to the situation.","questions":"What was the reason for the tarnished reputation?","answer":"Reputation"}
{"text":["So Robert Mueller testified. The House adjourned. And yet, the idea of impeaching Donald Trump lives on.","It lives on. And as you said, it is inching forward. I was checking this morning - NPR has an impeachment tracker where we've been tracking every member that comes forward for impeachment - and it's now at an even 100. Although, I should say that before Robert Mueller testified, it was at about 95. So we haven't exactly seen a big groundswell of impeachment following his testimony. I think the Congress reflects, right now, where the country is - there's a bunch of people really for it, a bunch of people really against it and not much moving in one direction or the other. The Congress is largely stuck on the question of impeachment.","How do you think this six-week break will change the dynamics of the situation?What do you think Democrats and Republicans are going to hear from their constituents?And is that going to change how they act when they get back here?","It's really interesting because August recess can be funny things. You know, we do sort of see groundswells sometimes that happen when members are home. Remember; the Tea Party movement in 2010 really started to rise up during the August recess when members were home. I don't think we're going to see something like that along the lines of impeachment, but I do think you would have to see a groundswell of a public opinion change or Democrats going home and realizing that this is not what their constituents want. We don't know the answer to that question yet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The ground does not swell but a great many people join together for promoting a cause.","questions":"What word describes a phenomenon where a large group of people come together to promote a cause, but it doesn't involve the ground swelling up?","answer":"Groundswells"}
{"text":["So about a year ago, they were ousted by the Ethiopian invasion. And since then, there has been a gorilla war that's been going on that has left most of Somalia in constant turmoil.","Is it a forgotten crisis?","I'd say yes, for the most part, that it is. And it's forgotten at least in the United States because there is not the direct involvement of U. S.  troops. There is indirect U. S.  involvement, absolutely. But the \u2014 but when the, you notice very often in the U. S.  media that when no one from the United States is dying, a situation is not declared to be a crisis. And so in Somalia, it's the people of Somalia, as well as Ethiopian troops, that are dying, and therefore it's not on our screen.","One more thing about Somalia before we move on, talking about a split there, potential split. The Bush administration and some members of Congress are considering whether to recognize Somaliland. Tell us about that, and what concerns do you have?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation in Somalia is not receiving the attention it deserves.","questions":"How is the attention towards Somalia?","answer":"Forgotten"}
{"text":["Now, while you are putting all of that together and getting ready to write it, you still have a - have to do your shift with the overnight with the cops, right?","Yeah. That's about once a month. And we actually get - I actually get a break when I'm covering the legislative session, which lasts two months. I actually get a break because the younger reporters - they have to pull a night cop shift at least once a week. So I consider myself lucky.","Well, you have worked there for 18 years.","Eighteen years. Yeah.","I gather that you were not planning to stick around that long, but then you did. Why?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) Implied Meaning: I am fortunate because I don't have to do the night shift that often and I get a break when I am covering the legislative session. ","questions":"What do younger reporters have to do at least once a week?","answer":"Pull"}
{"text":["Prime Minister Boris Johnson asked the queen to suspend Parliament - a very British coup, as many of his critics say, or a way to force Parliament to work out Brexit three years-plus after voters voted for him.","Or perhaps a device to get Parliament out of the way and allow Boris and the Brexiteers to finally leave the EU even without a deal. And the EU has said it is done negotiating. So this fall, Britain may leave the European Union and do it in the most disruptive and unpredictable way imaginable. So for the residents of Britain, this is rather like watching a hurricane bear down on them, feeling helpless to stop it and unable to escape.","The romance between the president and Fox News seemed to have everything going for it. What happened?","(Laughter) It does seem to have cooled. Weeks ago, the president started complaining about the opinion polls he saw on Fox News. They were showing his approval rating as low as most of the other media and academic polls. So he called that fake news."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The good feelings between the president and fox news seems to be over.","questions":"How did the president's relationship with Fox News end?","answer":"Cooled"}
{"text":["And eventually they found that the virus abided in giant fruit bats, a couple different species of giant fruit bat that were native to that part of Australia. The fruit bats had been roosting in trees, fig trees, eating figs and dropping pulp, dropping their feces and urine onto the grass beneath, and one of the horses had been staying in a pasture out there by those fig trees, had gone into the shade under the tree, had eaten the grass, picked up the virus, and then when she was brought back to the stable with the rest of her fellow horses, she passed the disease on to them, and they passed it on to the humans.","So it was spillover from a bat into horses. The horses became sort of amplifier hosts of the virus, and it spilled onward from them into humans. The mortality rate of that disease is around 50 percent.","And where is it now?I mean, has it popped up again since you wrote about it?","It has popped up, but like some of these diseases, it pops up, and there's an outbreak, a local outbreak, and the case of Hendra usually infects no more than one or two humans, might kill one out of two. In some of the other cases, like Ebola virus in Central Africa, it might kill a dozen or a few dozen people. There's been an outbreak going on in the Democratic Republic of the Congo this summer."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The mortality rate of the disease is high and it has caused outbreaks in the past.","questions":"Which disease?","answer":"Hendra"}
{"text":["We're going to begin this hour following two developing stories. Odessa, Texas, police officials say at least five people were killed and 21 others injured in a shooting spree. Three law enforcement officers were shot. And a person believed responsible was also shot and killed. We are going to continue to follow that story and provide updates as details are confirmed.","But now we're going to turn to the Bahamas, where they are bracing for Hurricane Dorian. The Category 4 storm is gaining strength and approaching Category 5 status. It's expected to make landfall on the northwestern part of the islands tomorrow, and some short-term models predict as much as 64 inches of rain could could fall over the Northern Bahamas once the storm stalls. Joining us from the Bahamas is Rick Lohr. He is the general manager of the Abaco Beach Resort. That's in Marsh Harbour on the island of Abaco, which is in the path of the storm.","Mr.  Lohr, thanks so much for joining us.","My pleasure.","Could you just tell us what the weather is like right now?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Hurricane Dorian is a severe and dangerous storm that poses a serious threat to the Bahamas","questions":"Which storm?","answer":"Hurricane-Dorian"}
{"text":["They know - they see the world as a number of systems. You know, a matrix is a system stuck together, and they know we're vulnerable at a lot of different points. And that's the reason we're seeing more and more groups using these kinds of methods.","They're formidable. I mean, nobody should think of this as a terribly unequal struggle between, you know, the international community and the terrorist. They're a formidable opponent, and we need to act across a broad spectrum to stop them.","So what can be done about this opponent?","We recommend - we have a lot of recommendations. We think they're very practical. It can be done. Some of them are internal in the government themselves. There are internal changes Congress needs to make so that it can be more effective in this, and other commissions have recommended them. Now, let's do it. Let's get it done."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The opponent is using complex systems to attack us","questions":"What kind of opponent are we facing?","answer":"Opponent"}
{"text":["U3 is the classic headline number. What is the total unemployment as most people commonly understand it?It's a somewhat narrow definition of unemployment, and there are actually much broader definitions of unemployment.","So, tell us about those. There's one called the U6, I understand.","Well, U4, U5, U6 and they are all subsets of - each one is the previous one plus another group of unemployed. So, to go from U3 to U4, we add a group of people called discouraged workers. These are people who have given up looking for jobs even though they want a job. Then there's a different group called the marginally-attached worker, and that's somebody who isn't looking for a job but wants one. And there's another group of people who are working part time, but want a full-time job, but can't find them. If you take the broadest measure, the U6 measure of unemployment, we're talking about 11. 8 percent, and those are numbers similar to what we saw in the 1970s. That's an ugly unemployment number.","Well, why doesn't the government count that number or use that number when reporting these numbers?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The U6 measure of unemployment is higher than the commonly understood unemployment rate.","questions":"Which measure of unemployment includes the group of people who are working part-time but want a full-time job but can't find them?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, that is the thing in this country. I mean, I know America quite well. And I think we have to reverse the absolute mirror image of the broadcasting and newspaper. When the debate was around about the beginning of this year about fake news, there was a lot of discussion about how, in this country, people are kind of used to fake news because - not that the newspapers are fictional, but they do take a slant on some stories. But the television media here, in particular, and the radio has been regulated to be unbiased and impartial since broadcasting began in the 1930s.","Some here in America would view this as an agency of thought police. Is there pushback against Ofcom in the United Kingdom?","There have been periods of incredibly busy activity from Ofcom. Recently, they have been turning quite a few complaints across to us and other broadcasters. That is not a reflection of Ofcom. That's a reflection of people who write to Ofcom. They're only making decisions if viewers complain. But it's not a form of thought police. It's a form of being objective. I think viewers in this country expect the television and radio broadcasting to be unbiased, accurate and impartial. And so that is enshrined in law. It's an expectation. And when they feel that the standards of broadcasting have dropped below that, they complain to Ofcom, and then Ofcom investigates us.","Ben De Pear is the editor of Channel 4 News. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"agency of thought police\" - the literal meaning of this phrase would be an organization that physically enforces certain thoughts, but the actual meaning is an organization that restricts or controls freedom of thought or expression.","questions":"Which phrase could be interpreted as an organization that physically enforces certain thoughts?","answer":"thought-police"}
{"text":["He did. When I - the first time I called him up, the conversation went like this: Hello?Alan Feuer. And I said, hey, it's Alan Feuer. And he went, oh, good man. I've been meaning to call you. And he really did talk like that. That is absolutely how he spoke.","So something out of - well, a kind of a cross between Franklin Delano Roosevelt and London.","Something like that. You know, the way I pictured it was those, you know, those Preston Sturges movies where, you know, it's almost like an Anglophilic-New York accent.","Oh, we use to call it Long Island lockjaw."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Long Island lockjaw refers to a particular accent.","questions":"What is Long Island lockjaw?","answer":"Defined"}
{"text":["These companies have existed before, but there's a lot more from these appraisal management companies. So the lender and mortgage broker has to send the order to them, this middleman, and then they go find an appraiser in your local area to go look at your house.","Now, there's a lot of concerns that these appraisal management companies are not the answer. They are not going to fix this problem. There's not a lot of regulation of these appraisal management companies, so some states are trying to fix that. We don't really know who's getting into this business. Are these the people to be entrusting this doing important job to?","So let's say you're a consumer. Let's say you're a person who's looking to buy a home, sell a home, or you want to refinance. What can you do to make sure you're not dealing with an appraiser who's got other motivations?","Well, first of all, you want to be very direct with your broker or lender and ask them, who is doing the appraisal on my house?You want to know the name of the company. Is it a company that they have a relationship with, a business relationship?Is it a company the lender partly owns?And certainly, you want to get a copy of that appraisal. And certainly, borrowers also have the ability - they can go seek out an independent appraisal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The process of getting an appraisal is now more complicated because there are middlemen involved.","questions":"How has the involvement of middlemen affected the process of getting an appraisal?","answer":"Middlemen."}
{"text":["Journalist Sam Dagher spent years in Syria reporting on war. He also reported on the lives of ordinary Syrians caught in the middle of the fighting. His new book is called \"Assad Or We Burn The Country. \"It tells the story of Hafez al-Assad and his son Bashar and their rule in Syria. The story is told in large part through the Assad family's friendship with another Syrian family, the Tlass family. The Tlasses had helped the father and son keep their grip on power for decades.","I talked to Sam Dagher, and I first asked him about the book's title.","I saw this slogan on the walls of destroyed and deserted towns and neighborhoods. The Assad regime besieged a lot of these towns and neighborhoods in Damascus and elsewhere around the country that had risen up against the regime. The regime forces would go in and do what the regime calls the cleansing of this area. So they would sometimes execute whoever they find in these places, loot all the homes down to the tiles and the copper wire in the wall and burn these homes. And after they're done, they would spray this graffiti on the walls, Assad or we burn the country.","Sam, in this book, you're telling the story of the Assad family, but you're also telling the story of another Syrian family. Tell me about this lost family and their relationship with the Assads."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The slogan on walls reveals the regime's brutality towards its opponents","questions":"Which phrase does the regime use to refer to their clearance of areas?","answer":"Cleansing"}
{"text":["And let's just say, it was a fishing expedition. It was financed by Trump's opponents in both parties. Some fishing expeditions do come back with fish. And if this one actually did and some of that finds its way into the hands of special independent prosecutor Bob Mueller's investigators, then the dossier might, in some sense, inform their questions about Russian interference because all of this was about Trump's ties to people in Russia.","Right. And those questions about Russian interference will also be front and center in the upcoming hearings that we mentioned for the tech giants - Facebook, Twitter and Google executives who are going to be before Congress over two days this coming week. What will they be grilled about?","You know, in recent days, we have learned a good deal more about how extensive the Russian involvement in social media was, particularly the number of ads running on Facebook and how they were targeted. And some of this was using some of the people in Facebook who work with advertisers - big advertisers - and who help you target exactly the people you're trying to reach.","So this might have been - it appears to have been one of the main ways in which these Russian elements were trying to put a big thumb on the scale in the 2016 election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) Fishing expedition: a search for information or evidence that is conducted with little or no direction and is likely to be fruitless.","questions":"How was the fishing expedition financed?","answer":"Opponents"}
{"text":["Absolutely. This is a distinction that we don't want, in terms of being first in the nation in the ratio of African-Americans in prison. And it's my goal as the new governor to take this head-on and address it. And we have taken a number of important steps to trying to figure out the root cause. And as long as I'm governor, we will continue to make that a high priority.","Why is it important for you to put this issue front and center?","Well, historically, Iowa has actually been a leader on the issue of civil rights. In fact, we were one of the very first states to assure African-Americans the right to vote. So we - despite this distinction that we have right now - historically, we've been very progressive. And it's my hope that we can address this challenge and get back to leading the way in terms of opportunity and fairness and equality for all of our citizens.","What are you seeing in Iowa in terms of patterns within this pattern?Meaning, are there certain crimes that are more likely to show evidence of disparity between who's convicted than others?Are - what are the hot spots for you within this issue that you are addressing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Iowa's current distinction in the ratio of African-Americans in prison is a problem that needs to be addressed","questions":"How does the new governor plan to address Iowa's current distinction?","answer":"Head-on"}
{"text":["Do drones offer the appearance of risk-free combat?","Well, inside our business, Scott, they don't. There's nothing risk-free about anything we do. And when you're talking about decisions that may affect life and death, I think we take this very seriously. There is nothing in this enterprise that discounts the value of life on the ground - all life, by the way - friendly life, enemy life and then, of course, civilian non-combatant life and property. It's something that is very deeply ingrained in our folks as they go through training.","But to press you a bit on this, General, I wonder - does drone warfare offer, to some Americans, the appearance of being able to strike militarily almost anywhere in the world and not have to worry about suffering casualties and consequence?","Yeah, it's one of the reasons that we don't like the term drone warfare, Scott, the - because drone does imply a level of autonomy that is not the case. It does imply a lack of thinking and a lack of human involvement. A primary reason we call them remotely piloted aircraft is because there is somebody flying them. There is somebody in that decision loop. In fact, there are lots of somebodies in it who are adding the human judgments that we think are critical when you're in the business of life and death."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"discounts the value of life on the ground\": the literal meaning of this phrase is that the value of life on the ground is not being reduced; however, the actual meaning is that all lives, including friendly, enemy, and civilian non-combatant, are equally important and should not be devalued in any way.","questions":"How does the term \"drone warfare\" imply a lack of human involvement?","answer":"Thinking"}
{"text":["I don't think so. Like I told you earlier, you know, what I see on the ground is the agents going out of their ways, you know, in rescuing these people. It's a shame to shadow that heroism with the social media.","Do you worry about the mental health of Border Patrol agents?Do you worry about people who are just sick, tired, fed up, overwhelmed?Are you seeing evidence in Customs and Border Protection that people are burning out?","We've heard people talking that they were - they are burning out. There's agents talking about how they have to call in sick more regularly than before.","Why?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : burning out implies that people are being frustrated and not burnt out in fire","questions":"Which word describes the state of being frustrated and exhausted in the dialogue?","answer":"Burnout"}
{"text":["Yes. I mean, the biggest actor in all of this has been the U. N. Refugee Agency. That's the UNHCR. But, you know, the reality is that these organizations can only do so much without international supports. The UNHCR has said that they need $46 million from the international community for their response to the Venezuelan crisis this year alone","Mr.  Ramsey, just a few years ago, Venezuela was booming, wasn't it?","It was. You know, Venezuela has the largest oil reserves in the world. But due to a combination of falling oil prices, governmental mismanagement, you know, the situation has gotten extremely bad. There was a study that came out a couple months ago that found that over half of Venezuelans report losing weight in the last year with an average loss of 20 pounds. People are dying of treatable diseases because of a lack of medication.","Do any of the refugees talk about the political situation?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Venezuela's situation is dire due to falling oil prices and governmental mismanagement.","questions":"What caused Venezuela's dire situation?","answer":"Oil"}
{"text":["But Zoe Wesloski(ph) emailed from Pittsburgh to say: I don't get it. I'm 39. This was not an option for my generation. Not only did I enter the job market without a college degree, but I found a way to survive. And when I left home at 22, I never went back. I found a way to make it through nursing school as a single mother in my 30s. She continued: I don't know what's wrong with this generation, but it sure as hell ain't the economy.","We also spoke with New York Times writer Alex Williams about the challenges of making friends after college. Anne Scranton(ph) in Blue Ash, Ohio, wrote: Everyone told me I'd make lots of mom friends when my kids got in school. But as a working mom, I found it tough to connect on weekends when many families are having family time. I decided to enroll in a leadership class held in the city where I work, and through that class, I've met other working families and folks of all ages and stages. Everyone needs to be open-minded in reaching out to people of all ages. We all have experiences to share.","And finally, Greg Alexander in Bloomington, Indiana reminded us that the beginning and end of the story of adult bonding is happy hour. It's good to go to a place where everybody knows your name. Cheers.","(Singing) Sometimes you want to go where everybody knows your name, and they're always glad you came. You want to be where you can see. Our troubles are all the same. You want to be where everybody knows your name."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People of all ages can make good friends regardless of their stage in life","questions":"What did Greg Alexander in Bloomington, Indiana mention as the beginning and end of the story of adult bonding?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["I agree. I was shocked - really shocked - when I found them. And then many things happened to me with Chopin through my life.","Such as?","Well (laughter), you're not going to believe this if you don't believe in the unknown normal. But I had a death mask of Chopin given to me. Some friends came over, and they said, what's that?I said, it's death mask of Chopin. That's what they used to do in those days. When someone died, they'd get someone to put wax on his face and make this death mask as a memorial. I took it off - down. I said, please be careful with it because it's, you know, very unique. There are only two or three in the world. My wife was there. My son was there - he was about 17 - and these two friends. And, suddenly, a fluid started coming out of one of the eyes. And I put my hand into this fluid, and it was salty. So I guess there was no question in my mind these were tears. What I felt was that Chopin was happy that he could communicate somehow with the current world.","You know, I learned one thing. People who are negative about these kinds of unknown normal things - they will never change. They'll always find another way that it could've happened or try to find another way that it could've happened. But I just give up try to convince them because they won't ever be convinced. The ones who are skeptics - once they hear about it, they say, oh, actually, it's real."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"fluid started coming out of one of the eyes\" is a literal description, but the interpretation of the fluid as tears from the death mask is a metaphorical or supernatural belief.","questions":"Which bodily fluid came out of Chopin's death mask?","answer":"Tears"}
{"text":["I was so exhausted. And all of sudden, we just had this baby. The nurse was handing me this baby, and she's poopy. And it just was so messy. And it just - both of us immediately just started crying. It just was so joyful. It just felt perfect.","Before Hazel was born, though, Lindsey had a lot to worry about.","When she was 20 weeks old - the 20-week ultrasound, she was diagnosed with a fetal heart condition. So we weren't sure what condition she's going to be in when she came out. And she just let out this big scream and just kicking. It was just like she burst into the world. And, you know, just immediately we kind of knew this is a healthy baby. She is alive and. . .","She let you know."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : burst into the world implies that the baby affected a lot of things quickly when it was born ","questions":"What did the baby do when it was born?","answer":"Affected"}
{"text":["And the president did a victory dance in the end zone on Twitter after he was fired. He said Andrew McCabe being fired is a great day. He said he knew all about the lies and corruption going on at the highest levels of the FBI. Then what happened was even more significant because the president's private lawyer John Dowd released a statement saying that now that McCabe has been fired, he hopes that acting Attorney General Rosenstein will follow Jeff Sessions' lead and bring an end to the Mueller investigation. Now, at first, Dowd said he was speaking for the president when he issued this statement. Later, he backtracked, although it doesn't really matter.","Yeah. It's not news, though, that the president hates the Mueller probe. He's been pretty vocal about that on Twitter. Why is his lawyer statement so important?","It's important because it's a change in the legal strategy. Up until now, Donald Trump has always stopped short of saying something that could be perceived as an order to Rod Rosenstein to fire Mueller. He's always said, no, I'm not going to fire him. He's even said he looks forward to talking to him. Now it looks like they're opening a new phase, openly calling on the Department of Justice to shut down the Mueller investigation.","The Democrats have been pretty vocal. I've been seeing a lot of their reaction. Do we know what the Republicans in Congress have been saying or doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Trump is now openly calling for the Mueller investigation to be shut down","questions":"What is the new phase of Donald Trump's legal strategy?","answer":"New"}
{"text":["But the important part for the corals is that these things are wonderful eating machines. They move slowly across the reef. They actually invert their stomach onto the corals and dissolve the coral tissue, you know, digesting it as they go. And they leave (technical difficulties) white behind them as they move forward.","So they're like little bulldozers.","Yeah, it's sort of like bulldozers. It's almost more like having a wave of people with flamethrowers going through the brush. You know, the coral physically is left behind, but it's all dead.","Do they have any natural enemies that might, you know, come out and eat them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Bulldozer implies being tireless and can consume or finish anything set out ","questions":"Which word describes the bulldozers' characteristics?","answer":"machine"}
{"text":["Well, you have roots in the South, so what are some of the food prep and food producing traditions of the South that you think we need to reconnect with?","Yeah, for me, it's really about helping people remember and as you said, reconnect with these issues - or these ways of connecting with the land and producing our foods that we saw just a couple of generations ago. As Will Allen said, you know, most people in America were producing their own food. And when I think about the African-American community that I grew up in, you know, my grandparents had practically an urban farm in their backyard. You know, everyone on the street was growing some type of food, small plots, people had mini- orchards.","And you go back to the same neighborhood now and it's, you know, practically a shell of itself. And I think we need to just kind of like remember that the way that people are advocating for eating local, healthy, sustainable food, you know, these ways that many of us were eating. And this isn't just about African-Americans. I think that a couple of generations ago a lot of us were eating this way, and we just need to get back to that.","Well, some argue that the locally sourced organic food movement is elitist and out of reach for the budget of lower-income city folks. So, what do you think?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Food is the most important think for each any every human.","questions":"What is the main topic of discussion in the dialogue?","answer":"Food"}
{"text":["I'm fine. How are you?","I'm doing great. So, you know, a lot of us, I think, frankly, almost all of us who are African-American, say, you know what, I need to, you know, each one teach one, lift somebody up, but when you're a judge, you have a very particular role, and it's a role where you are at somewhat of a remove, even though you're facing the defendants, you are not on the same level as them. How do you make sense of what Judge Arrington did?","I understand what Judge Arrington did completely. And I have to tell you why. Though we must be removed, we are nonetheless human. It is the easiest thing in the world to do, is to be removed if you don't care. But if you have the nerve to care, and if you see what we see on a daily basis, his humanity and his caring came together that day and made him do something clearly he shouldn't have done. He knows that. But it was an error of the heart that I find fully condonable.","So, what other ways, you know, you say that you approve of the sentiment, not necessarily of the execution. How else may he have gone about this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated. When a person looks at his watch","questions":"What did Judge Arrington do that was an error of the heart according to A?","answer":"Error"}
{"text":["But there is this some sense that, you know, the administration - others in the administration would like to fast-track it. There is a mechanism for doing that. I mean, do you have a specific message to Democrats?Because, as you know, with such a large - particularly with such a large presidential field, you've got all kinds of different opinions about international trade in that group. Do you know what I mean?So do you have a specific message to them about how to - you would like to see them proceed?","Yeah, we do. Look. NAFTA isn't broken. It's done exactly what it was meant to. It exploited workers in Mexico. It disrupted lives here. It's taken money out of our pockets, and it's put it in the hands of a few billionaires. So the solution just isn't a new NAFTA. It can't be rebranded or a sliver of change. The only answer is a strong enforceable mechanism for raising wages and protecting the rights of working people. This agreement is not yet there. It's no. And if they insist on trying to jam through this inferior, ineffective trade agreement that is nothing more right now than a-little-bit-better-NAFTA, then we would have to oppose it. And I think that we would have enough votes on both sides of the aisle to prevent it from becoming the law of the land.","That's Richard Trumka, president of the AFL-CIO. Mr.  Trumka, thanks so much for talking to us once again.","Thanks for having me on, I really appreciate it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The current NAFTA agreement exploited workers, disrupted lives, and took money from people.","questions":"What did the current NAFTPersonA agreement do?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Well, after a while the winnings that I was getting wasn't enough. I always wanted more. And I found myself after a win and if I had to leave, I would always find myself the quickest opportunity to go back and win more and to win more and then I find myself going there every night and on the weekends and every opportunity. But in the winnings, I started to lose as well. And the more I lost, the more I wanted to return and reclaim my losses. And basically that got me started on a whirlwind and a cycle of - seem like never ending.","How deep do you think you were in it in terms of losses, total losses?","Oh, goodness. I would not say millions. But I would say hundreds of thousands.","And it changed your behavior with your friends and family, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker lost a significant amount of money through gambling.","questions":"What caused the speaker to start going to the casino every night?","answer":"Win"}
{"text":["Africa is a continent wanting to change something. You know, everybody have to think what to do to give best future for the Africa, give hope to the young in Africa. And African young can have hope in Africa and make something in Africa and believe in Africa.","You've seen so much of the world. But why don't you take us to your childhood in Mali. And it's a country I've always wanted to visit. I've never been there, but I love the musical traditions and the long history of it being a nation with a lot of learning. What was it like for you growing up, and when did you start playing music?","I grew up in Mali, normally, like, with mother and father, you know what I mean, a lot of brothers and sisters. We are all together in the same house and is a great time, because is really happiness and very hot. Hot relationship and then a lot of good grand, grand ambience.","Well, let me jump in and ask you, when did you start playing music?What did you start playing and how old were you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is implying that he had a very happy and loving family life while growing up in Mali.","questions":"What was the atmosphere like during the PersonA's childhood in Mali?","answer":"Ambience"}
{"text":["Waiting for the winds to drop down below 50 - sustained winds drop below 50. And at that time we send out all of our first respondents of police, fire, EMS, and our utility companies. Everybody goes out and does damage assessment report in their areas. Report it back to us. We make a priority listing, so we can get power back on if we lost any power. Get the resources back and so we can just bring our people back.","But the winds are above 50 miles an hour, now. So, you don't have anybody out right now?Every body's just hunkered down.","Ninety nine percent of our people are hunkered down. We have a few of our - like the sheriff, he is out, and a few other higher ranking agency people are out, but most - 99 percent of our people are hunkered down in shelters.","So, how long do you really expect that that's going to last?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : No one is currently out due to the strong winds","questions":"Which resources are needed to be restored after the damage assessment report?","answer":"Power"}
{"text":["And we're hearing from you on your cell phone at the kiosk now, and we should note that where you are is not too far from Fort Bragg, which is home to the 82nd Airborne Division. And apparently, a lot of the soldiers have been coming home, and how has that affected your business?","Well, I mean, all the economy has been affected, but we're not as bad because luckily, we do do a lot of things for the military. Their wives are still here, so it's constantly them bringing in things that they need to be shipped overseas or just little minor things, things for the babies. It does keep a good flow in, though.","You mentioned the babies. I hear there's been an upsurge in the birth rate there, 50 percent more recently. That's a lot of babies.","Well, the troops came home at the first of the year, and now, everywhere you look, it's women pushing strollers, or they're pregnant.","And so, what kind of stuff are people bringing to you at your kiosk there for these expectant mothers?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The military deployment has had a significant impact on the demographics of the town.","questions":"What has had a significant impact on the town's demographics?","answer":"Deployment"}
{"text":["Well, earlier this morning it seemed by Israeli military numbers that rocket fire from Gaza had slowed down a bit, to just half a dozen rockets over a 10 hour period or so. That's compared to nearly 700 since early Tuesday morning. But the steady pace has picked back up again. Israeli strikes on Gaza from planes and from ships off-shore in the Mediterranean are also continuing. In residential areas, and also last night, a Mosque was destroyed as well as a bank used by Hamas - that's the militant Islamic group that Israel blames for the current escalation.","Israeli press reports say there is a cease fire being drafted by a couple of Arab States. Those Israeli reports also say that Israel is open to discuss a cease fire, but claim that Hamas needs some kind of victory in this conflict. But publically, both sides say they're pressing forward with fighting. A Hamas spokesman yesterday mentioned an attack on an Israeli jeep, saying that if a ground war happens, Gaza will be a cemetery for Israeli soldiers.","Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has said he's exploring all options to end this conflict, but he also says that military strikes will continue until Israel can be certain that there's no more rocket fire from Gaza. Whether this will escalate into a ground conflict is still the main question people here are watching.","And what is it like in Gaza right now?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - The literal meaning of the turn is that Israeli press reports mention a ceasefire being drafted and both sides are still fighting. However, the implied meaning is that there is a possibility of a ceasefire and that both sides may be willing to negotiate, despite the ongoing fighting.","questions":"What is the main question people in Israel are currently watching?","answer":"Ground"}
{"text":["Yeah. So it's interesting with Magnus Carlsen - he realized early on that fixing small things, like what he drinks during the course of a game, will alter the way he functions, especially in the last hour or so of the game. And so one of the things that was really fascinating about this was when I was talking to his dad. His dad was like, oh, we went to the Olympic Training Center. And they were told immediately that the orange juice that he was drinking was causing for the sugar levels to take a huge dip in the fifth and sixth hours of game. And so they were asked to replace that with milk.","Meaning he'd have a little energy crash. So the idea is you need to keep yourself sustained with something that gives you energy but won't have the crash and that you need to do that even if you're not skiing, right. . .","Exactly. Exactly.",". . . Even if you're playing chess. So as we look at the world cup of chess, which is happening right now, what are you going to be watching for?What are the things you'll see and you'll think, that's somebody who's using some training?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Energy does not actually crash but the person gets very tired after a while.","questions":"Which condition occurs after a while?","answer":"crash"}
{"text":["Ritualized.",". . . ritualized into something much larger.","What did you find?You lived there for months. You've learned a form of Indonesian close to their own Asmat tongue. Were they ashamed about what had happened to Michael Rockefeller?","If you ask them, they don't want to talk about it. They say yes, we used to be cannibals, but we don't want to talk about that. We're not cannibals now. They have been converted to Catholicism, but they also have multiple wives and live in this rich spirit world that is outside of Catholicism. So it's very difficult to get them to talk about actual cannibalism and Michael Rockefeller, in particular. They're frightened to talk about it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 4) where the phrase \"rich spirit world\" implies a complex and vibrant spiritual existence that is not necessarily tied to Catholicism, even though the literal meaning of the phrase may refer to a literal world of spirits.","questions":"How is the spiritual existence of the Asmat people described?","answer":"Vibrant"}
{"text":["My grandparents were raised during the Great Depression and spent the rest of their lives hoarding rubber bands, bacon grease, and batteries. It used to fill me with embarrassment that they would actually rinse out Zip-Loc bags and reuse them. Poor people, I thought. Don't they know there's always more?I was raised in the disposable generation of styrofoam boxes and plastic water bottles. If something ran out, you simply got a new one.","But this year, we are re-evaluating not just how we spend our money, but also the lessons we pass on to a new generation. The other day, I made Emmeline a skirt out of a men's sport coat once sold exclusively at the Watergate Hotel. You can't buy that kind of fashion statement at Target.","On our most recent trip, Emmeline's glowery mood changed when she happened upon a shirt decorated with farm animals and said, ooh, now doesn't this look nice?I examined it and agreed, asking, what do you want to do with it?Emmeline twirled her toe on the speckled Formica floor and thought it over for a moment. A smile widened on her face, oh, I think that will make just the prettiest dress. Her latest outfit cost a dollar 50.","Mike Adamick is a stay-at-home dad living in San Francisco."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"But this year, we are re-evaluating not just how we spend our money, but also the lessons we pass on to a new generation.\"  This turn has a figurative meaning. The speaker is not literally saying that they are evaluating the lessons they pass on to a new generation in the same way that they are evaluating how they spend their money. Instead, they are using the idea of evaluating their spending habits as a metaphor for rethinking their approach to passing on values to their children.","questions":"Which approach is being used as a metaphor in turn 1?","answer":"Approach"}
{"text":["And since January, it's been a virtual storm of controversy. Not only these felony counts, but the city council is moving to have him removed. The governor of the state is now considering hearings to have him removed, and there's a petition drive in effect right now where they're collecting thousands of signatures to try and get him recalled.","So with all this negative publicity and apparent negative sentiment against the mayor, why doesn't he step down?","Most people in the know say that the reason that he does not step down is because being the mayor of Detroit helps him in his case, that he can leverage all kinds of things, not only fundraising things to help pay for his legal fees, but also that it helps his case that he is still in an official standing going into this criminal case.","Celeste Headlee, covering the latest in the story of Detroit mayor Kwame Kilpatrick, now in jail. Celeste, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of (2) is to ask why the mayor is not taking responsibility for his actions and resigning, rather than asking why he isn't simply stepping away from the role.","questions":"How does being the mayor of Detroit help the mayor in his case?","answer":"Leverage"}
{"text":["Are we talking about resveratrol here?","Well, the resveratrol discovery was about 10 years ago. We, my colleagues and I, made that discovery. But what we've done since then is use that as a - just a stepping stone, a proof of concept to make much more potent synthetic drug-like molecules that are just in the beginnings of human clinical trials. And this paper is about the finding that these molecules from grapes and the synthetics all seem to work through this one particular gene, genetic pathway we call the sirtuin pathway.","Let's back up a little bit and talk about the study you did in mice. What did you find - what did you give the mice, and what did you find there?","Well, originally we found resveratrol just in a test tube, looking for molecules that would turn on this enzyme, this protein that seems to defend against diseases in aging. We then moved to nematode worms and flies. We've done some work with bees even. The mouse study was in 2006."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : a stepping stone is not a litereral stone, but is an intermediate step in a process that leads to another.  ","questions":"Which word describes the intermediate step in a process that leads to another?","answer":"Stepping"}
{"text":["It's a little bit different from my 1980s beater. This, you know, these are handmade pieces of art. And, you know, there are things that were different about it.","One thing that I heard from Justin Claassen, who's an avid cyclist and he's one of the founders of Valid, is that over a long period of time you notice the vibration less. There is some dampening, they say, that bamboo has a sort of natural dampening. So if you're riding really long distances, there - that might be a reason why you would want to go bamboo. But it's - I thought it would be lighter. And it's not actually that much lighter than your run-of-the-mill metal.","Right. Of course, there is the coolness factor, right. . .",". . . to have the only bamboo bike on the block or in Brooklyn. I can put more B's together if I could."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : I would like to be unique by having a bike made of bamboo but I realise it's not fully made of bamboo","questions":"Which material did PersonB suggest could be put more together if they could?","answer":"B's"}
{"text":["So this is the story. In Islam, you can't remove a picture which has a cross in it. That was my wife's understanding. She - that's what she gave me to understand. And she said, don't ever remove this. And then this restaurant became very lucky for us. We - from being hand to mouth, we became self-sufficient. So this proved to be a lucky painting. Plus, this was a colorful painting, and this was all we could afford at the time. So we want to keep it, and we want to keep that cross as long as I'm alive and kicking.","It's a sign of how so many communities have built Houston into what it is today - influencing each other, melding into something unique. Lashkari has applied that to the dishes he serves. His signature chicken curry, cooked in huge metal pots in his sweltering, fragrant kitchen, is made with Mexican tomatillos and cilantro. It's incredibly delicious. And we ate that along with the best saag paneer, a spinach and cheese dish, that I have ever tasted.","We do a lot of fusion right now. This restaurant is famous for its fried chicken. It's fried the Southern way, but it's - the chicken - the raw chicken is marinated with Indian spices. My white gravy is made with cashew nuts and almonds and coconut. So it looks like a white gravy of the chicken-fried steak, but it's totally different.","So Pakistani and Indian food with deep Texas roots.","Yeah, yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"In Islam, you can't remove a picture which has a cross in it.\" - This turn has a figurative meaning because Islam does not allow the use of religious symbols like crosses, so it is unlikely that this would be a literal rule.","questions":"Which religion's rule does the turn \"In Islam, you can't remove a picture which has a cross in it.\" contradict?","answer":"Islam"}
{"text":["So your book looked at air pollution in a number of countries, but we want to talk about a chapter that discusses the development of the Clean Air Act here in America. And you call this a landmark moment for public health. How come?","Well, the Clean Air Act of 1970 was really a revolutionary piece of legislation for its time. And I think in retrospect, it really stands as one of the most consequential laws in modern American history. A couple of congressionally commissioned studies since 1970 have found - literally - that the regulations enacted under the Clean Air Act have saved millions of American lives since that time and trillions of dollars.","So that's an extraordinary impact. It's one that's sometimes invisible to us. We obviously don't know if we haven't had a heart attack, haven't had an asthma attack, haven't lost a loved one because the air was cleaner than it otherwise would have been. But nonetheless, the science demonstrating that that's true is very solid.","You also call this the start of a new era in America's modern history - in what way?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : New era doesn't refer to a calendar date here , but rather a change in the mindset of a population","questions":"How does the term \"new era\" refer to in the conversation?","answer":"Mindset"}
{"text":["Very infamous words. . .",". . . George W.  Bush famously used. And he used them the last time we were involved in a Middle East conflict, declared it accomplished. And it turns out it wasn't.","No, far from it. Let's turn to some other things that are happening this week. It's not been a dull week in Washington. The president spent this past week exhibiting a lot of fury and anxiety. And, indeed, that has continued on Twitter today about the special counsel investigation, which sprouted yet another inquiry this week, and the raid on his personal lawyer, Michael Cohen.","That's right. We're learning that his personal lawyer, Michael Cohen, has been the subject of a months-long criminal corruption investigation. We know that Cohen is in trouble for several things, including not paying taxes on his taxi medallion business. But Michael Cohen is about as close to Donald Trump as anyone who has been investigated so far. He's his personal lawyer. He knows all about the Trump Organization deals all around the world because he helped negotiate some of them. We also find out just tangentially that he even helped negotiate a deal between an - the vice chairman of the RNC and a model, who he had an affair with and got pregnant."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : when someone says \"far from it\" they mean it isn't the case or its not what was implied","questions":"What did PersonB imply with the phrase \"far from it\"?","answer":"It"}
{"text":["But these are opposition strongholds. So, again, it reinforced this view that Ebola is being exploited for political gain. It's being used by certain political players to make money. And so what we're seeing is a lot of these messages being circulated that Ebola is a hoax or Ebola is a plot. And people are attributing these messages to local political leaders who presumably feel that their power is being threatened by rivals who are aligned with the fight against Ebola.","So the new U. N.  coordinator, what can they do?","This appointment is a recognition that the U. N.  realizes they need to treat this as much as a political problem as a health problem. And my sources in Congo say that they might need to get pretty radical because you can't just fight this with guns because if you do that, you're just going to play into this narrative that the national government is using Ebola as a way to gain power. You need to spread the message that this is not a political issue, that this is something that, you know, affects everyone.","And so some of the ideas that have been talked about, for example, is just really broaden who gets vaccinated. Normally, you vaccinate people who've had direct contact with someone who has Ebola, which makes sense medically, right?But that just makes people wonder, are the people who are getting vaccinated people who have connections, you know?And why isn't everyone getting vaccinated?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The fight against Ebola is not just a health problem, but also a political one","questions":"Which issue does the appointment of the new U.N. coordinator recognize as being both political and a health problem?","answer":"Ebola"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely. I mean, you've been very lucky as a Cubs fan. You've always had Wrigley Field, which is an intimate stadium. And that's what these new stadiums are trying to recreate. Even Yankee Stadium, if you go on their website today, Scott, they actually tout the fact that home plate is 27 feet closer than in the old Yankee Stadium.","So they bring in the home plate. They bring in the sidelines. Everybody's much closer to the action, but they're also closer to the danger. And they haven't had a corresponding increase in the safety precautions up the lines.","Does the netting remove what can be a very exciting play in foul territory - the catcher, the third baseman, the first baseman, reaching over and snagging a pop foul?","You know, maybe there's some of that. I think there's some fear that players won't be able to make quite the plays that they were in the past. You know, we've lived with netting behind home plate. And those are the best seats in the house. And they're always filled. You don't hear catchers complaining too much about the netting behind them. The seats up the line are just as dangerous."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is suggesting that even though there is netting behind home plate, players are still able to make exciting plays, and the netting does not impede them.","questions":"Which seat is always filled?","answer":"Home"}
{"text":["As a parent, or as a wife, or both?","Well, I mean, how can I answer that?I spend a lot of time at home, especially now that I have kids, so, I'm mostly confronting these situations that involve white people making assumptions about me and my children. But, you know, when we go into Boston, both with my kids and with my husband when he was, you know, my boyfriend, or my fiance, or whatever, and we were living in the city, yes, I think, you know, we certainly got our fair share of double takes and then some. And not very subtle, either, by blacks which I also find just as disconcerting, if not more so.","You mention towards the end of your article that you are hopeful, but not necessarily convinced, that everything is moving in the right direction racially. Why do you think that?","Well, I really just don't know. You know, I am very hopeful because I think that, you know, my biggest fear as a parent is that my kids will somehow feel squeezed between these two identities, and feel forced to choose one. And there are many stories of, you know, friends and acquaintances of mine who are biracial who go through these stages of, you know, rejecting their black parent or feeling embarrassed by their black parent. And then reading \"Malcolm X\" freshman year in college and then rejecting their white parent. I mean, it's a very common thing, or it's not uncommon, at least."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is concerned about their biracial children feeling pressure to choose between their racial identities.","questions":"How is the PersonA's concern about their children's racial identities described?","answer":"Squeezed"}
{"text":["Yeah. Yeah, you know, and even more specifically, a black man because we really get a bad rap in mainstream media, particularly black fathers, you know. There's always the stereotype that, you know, we're not present or deadbeats, you know, et cetera, et cetera. And while obviously those situations do exist, it feels very much so that it's just like disproportionately represented in that way.","And, you know, I have a lot of friends that are young fathers, and they're all willing to do whatever it takes for their young girls. And, you know, this was just kind of me put myself in their shoes and kind of representing and also really being inspired by all these viral videos of dads doing their daughter's hair and people just really being fascinated by that.","I want to mention that before the film and the book, you were executive producer on \"BlacKkKlansman. \"You've done commercials. You've done music videos. Before that, you played in the NFL.","(Laughter) Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Black fathers are unfairly stereotyped in mainstream media.","questions":"How are black fathers often portrayed in mainstream media?","answer":"stereotypes"}
{"text":["Well, because there are a number of reasons that a security clearance can be denied. Among them would be foreign contacts, foreign business interests, criminal activity, financial instability, drug and alcohol use. And some of these are very serious. If employees who had the history of these issues - and they weren't properly mitigated, they could be a risk to national security if they received security clearances.","You're saying hypothetically those could be reasons security clearances would be denied. Were they in these cases reasons that they were denied?","Some of them were applicable in different cases, yes.","Is overriding 25 security clearance denials a large number?I have no idea what's normal in this situation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Some of them were applicable in different cases, yes.\" - The actual meaning is that some of the reasons that A mentioned earlier (foreign contacts, foreign business interests, criminal activity, financial instability, drug and alcohol use) were used to deny security clearances in different cases.","questions":"How were some of the reasons for security clearance denial utilized in different cases?","answer":"25"}
{"text":["They have been evacuated. It tossed these trailer homes like tin cans. And there was one woman that said that she had turned in early and felt her bed bouncing. And she was evacuated and is staying elsewhere now.","The flooding - this is not restricted to just this small part of the state. This is the whole state of Oklahoma that's going through this. Is that right?","Yeah, 25% of the state has had at least 14 inches of water in the last 30 days. And if you look at towns in northeast Oklahoma like Skiatook - they've had 21 1\/2 inches, Nowata 23 inches. It's just crazy. And this is all coming to a head in Tulsa along the Arkansas River.","And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The trailer homes were severely damaged due to the tornado and people were forced to evacuate.","questions":"What was the reason for the evacuation?","answer":"Tornado"}
{"text":["And how - it has a unique design to it. Who designed it and why does it have the shape it has?","That's a really interesting question. There's - it's actually a complicated story. The chief architect was a man named John Graham Jr. , had a large architectural firm. He was mainly known as the man who invented the first really successful shopping mall, which was here in Seattle, Northgate. He had the task of creating the Space Needle. But he - they got stuck on the design. They had a doodle on a napkin. He had a bunch of architects who began looking at a tower-like structure. They were inspired by a tower, a broadcast tower in Germany, in Stuttgart, which had a restaurant on it. And so they knew they wanted an observation deck. But they were kind of open to what else they would do. They thought about putting a planetarium up there and a helicopter pad.","No kidding.","Yeah. They considered all kinds of things. And - but they were stuck on coming up with a design that was really a wow design. So John Graham hired as a consultant a professor from the University of Washington named Victor Steinbrueck. He's known locally in Seattle as architect-activist who saved the Pike Place Market. But he was a designer, and he worked on the Space Needle design."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They could not think of any ideas on what to build and how to build it.","questions":"What was the name of the architect-activist who worked on the design of the Space Needle?","answer":"Victor"}
{"text":["From NPR News, this is Day to Day. The ethics problem at the Interior Department continues to unfold, specifically in the little-known but powerful Minerals Management Service. The Interior Department's watchdog reports that employees in that division accepted gifts, they steered government contracts to friends, and they had sexual relations with oil and gas-company representatives. Joining us now is John Dimsdale from Marketplace, and John, first, what is the Minerals Management Service?I hadn't heard of it until yesterday.","Well, it's responsible for collecting royalty revenues from companies that extract oil and other minerals from federal property. And last year, they collected 11 billion dollars from the oil and gas industry. So, it's a big source of revenue. In fact, sometimes Minerals Management is the second largest source of income for the federal government, second only to the IRS. And remember, this scandal comes just as Congress is debating whether to allow more oil drilling, especially on the Outer Continental Shelf under the ocean.","That's right. So, let's go into the details of this scandal. What did the Interior Department's inspector general find?","Well, this report makes it sound like a very dysfunctional place. It alleges cocaine and marijuana use, and even promiscuous sex between government employees and the industry that they oversee. The inspector general says the relationship between the industry and the revenue collectors is supposed to be at arm's length, but most of the oil-company people that investigators talked to said they bought meals or drinks, entertainment, for government employees."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"let's go into the details of this scandal\" - figurative meaning: let's discuss and examine the scandal in detail, literal meaning: let's physically go to the place where the scandal is happening.","questions":"What did PersonB suggest to A?","answer":"Proceed"}
{"text":["That is Binyamin Appelbaum. He writes about economics for The New York Times, and he's written a new book, called, \"The Economists' Hour\" that traces what he calls a revolution in the way we think about economists.","This quiet but really important revolution that happens, really, beginning in the late 1960s and the early 1970s, where economists begin to gain tremendous influence over public policy in the United States.","In fact, that young economist who told his wife he had no future at the Fed, that was Paul Volcker. He became one of a small group of economists who made themselves indispensable to U. S.  presidents. Volcker rose to become the chairman of the Federal Reserve in the Carter and Reagan years.","So I asked Appelbaum, how did a bunch of economists go from nobodies to being important people?And he said it's pretty simple. In an era of real economic problems, they promised solutions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Paul Volcker was once a young economist who thought he had no future at the Fed but later became an important figure in the US government.","questions":"What was Paul Volcker's profession?","answer":"Economist"}
{"text":["Well, things are more quiet than usual. There's many, many fewer people and cars out on the street during the day because of the day of mourning. People are just (unintelligible). And it's also the weather is really bad. There is like a storm and cold and rain, so people are staying home, and then some people go out to celebrate New Year's Eve tonight. A lot of people won't because of the situation.","But it's a situation that is reflected all over the Arab world and many other parts of the world where people are really angry about what's going on. They think Israel is using excessive force. But they feel frustrated because they can't do anything about it, and their governments aren't - seemingly aren't doing anything about it either.","Leaders are calling for an end to the violence, but there hasn't been much talk in terms of specifics. What can be done to accomplish that goal of ending these attacks?","Well, if they wanted to do something, they could a lot - diplomatically, politically, economically - but they are really more talk than action. This is the problem. The Arab leaders I think genuinely share their people's anger with what's going on in the Israeli attack. Many Arab leaders are also angry at Hamas. They don't like Hamas very much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 'many, many fewer people and cars out on the street during the day' implies that the streets are quieter than usual.","questions":"How are the streets during the day?","answer":"Quieter"}
{"text":["So, you've got a lot of expenses. How are you coping with those expenses right now?","Well, the thing is, I'm, you know, it's almost paycheck to paycheck. I don't have much savings. In fact, I have very little savings. We eat in. We don't go out anymore. And as far as buying clothing, forget about that. I haven't bought a decent pair of shoes in months.","Your daughter is getting ready to go to college in a few years. Has she thought about where she wants to go, and have you thought about how you're going to pay for it?","Well, we talk about it every day now. And she just, you know, I don't know how we're going to pay for it, but we are trying to find ways. In fact, I told her that she will have to probably do something, to do work-study, because I will not be able to afford sending her on my type of income in my lifestyle, OK?And I won't ever be able to retire."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  I'm, you know, it's almost paycheck to paycheck meaning they don't have much money","questions":"What is the financial situation of the speaker?","answer":"Paycheck."}
{"text":["And what makes them so good at invading?","Well, they share a suite of traits with a lot of the world's worst invasive ant species, one of which is that they are what's called super-colonial. And on a continental scale they can be called uni-colonial. What that means is that colonies don't recognize boundaries. There's no (unintelligible) population there's no aggression between crazy ants. All individuals in the population treat other individuals in the population as members of the same colony.","So you can take ants from any population in Texas, introduce them into another population in Texas or - I haven't tested this - but probably other parts of the Southeast, and they will join and work together. So that's - it really cuts down the costs of interest-specific competition and can allow the more efficient use of space in the environment they're in.","They also rely very heavily on sugary resources that they get from homoptera insects, things like aphids and mealy bugs. And they seem to be very good at exploiting these resources, which helps maintain their populations at very high densities."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There's no aggression with ants that do not behave like normal ant colonies.","questions":"What is the term used to describe the ant colonies that do not recognize boundaries and treat all individuals in the population as members of the same colony?","answer":"Super-colonial"}
{"text":["Hi, Alex.","So, Barack Obama doesn't actually take office for about two more months. So is it fair to call Mumbai a test for him?","Well, obviously the tremendous economic crisis the country's going through is something that threatens to derail Obama's train before it leaves the station in terms of his inauguration on January 20th. But Alex, when you think about the terrorist attack in Mumbai, what you have is a situation where this has been identified by the American public as a potential point of weakness. The Bush administration has also said that when it comes to vulnerability, there's a pattern with terrorists identifying moments of political transition as prime for attacks. So in so many ways, this is a test for the president-elect, and what we've seen so far is the president-elect being quite aware of it. He had a briefing from Secretary of State Rice on Thanksgiving Day over the phone on the situation. They have established a team of people from the Obama transition team to interact with the State Department operation center. So right now, Barack Obama, I think, is finding himself having to be a quick study, but a quick study with so much on the line - literally the safety of the world.","And Juan, what is the protocol here for how a president-elect handles a situation like this while there is still a current president in office?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Obama is being tested to see if he is capable of successfully managing a crisis.","questions":"Which president-elect is facing a potential crisis in Mumbai?","answer":"Obama"}
{"text":["Well, certainly, his support for the military. We just passed the National Defense Authorization Act named in his honor. We did that every year. There are not many pieces of legislation these days that we're able to do. And that one is something we did every year at the insistence of John McCain. One of the last pieces of legislation that we did even after that was one that I sponsored with him for veterans courts - to make sure that we have adequate resources for veterans courts around the country. So his work for veterans was really important to him.","Sure. He's known as a man who had a powerful temper but also a powerful sense of humor. And I wonder if there are moments of that that really are jumping out at you today.","A lot of them. I remember - and I wrote in the piece about a time when I was in the House of Representatives. I had challenged some parochial spending projects and was receiving a lot of grief at home, a lot of vitriol from local elected officials and newspaper editorials. I was on a flight back to Arizona with John, and he worked his way back to where I was with a stern look on his face and put his finger in my chest. And I thought, oh, no he's going to let me have it, too. And he pointed at me, and he said, don't back down. He said, you were in the right, and they will come around. And it was all I needed to hear. It was just reassurance. But yeah, he did have a temper. He was certainly passionate, but he was quick to forgive.","Briefly, in. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : it look like a meaningless. u can improve the sentence","questions":"Which piece of legislation did they pass every year at the insistence of John McCain?","answer":"national"}
{"text":["In this district that the Cook Political Report rated as an R+5 and was a lean-Republican until the weekend before the election, we won every county - even the most rural. There are people who supported us who have never voted for a Democrat before. We have people who will never, ever, ever, ever call themselves a Democrat.","People who voted for Donald Trump voted for you, do you think?","A hundred percent - hundred percent. And this is about representation and values. And for us, that issue was so illustrated with health care and what happened in the spring of '17 around Obamacare repeal and, you know, our prior representative's votes on the American Health Care Act.","Do you think you're to the left of the average voter in your district when it comes to health care?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"to the left\" - the literal meaning is a spatial direction, but the intended meaning is a political position that is more progressive or liberal than the average voter in the district.","questions":"What is the implied political stance of the average voter in the district?","answer":"Progressive"}
{"text":["So - but they did these kits, which also are - each one of them is a box that contain a lot of evidence that could be tested. And so yes, we have a problem in this country with rape culture. You see that going on right now. It's never been more evident than it is now - rape culture, sexual harassment culture, all of that.","And so training was also needed. Back then, when we first started, we had found police reports in some files that we pulled where police officers were writing very disparaging things about our victims - not believing them, dismissing their cases, not bothering to work on them. And so that was a part of it as well - not just the neglect, not just no money but just active rape culture in play, where they just did not care.","Based on your expertise, this is happening in a number of cities and counties. Isn't it?","Yeah. There are estimated to be over 400,000 untested abandoned rape kits in this country. And I don't know if you're familiar with Michigan Stadium right here in our state. It seats over 100,000 people. When I tell people that the amount of untested kits in this country that they're estimated to be - you can fill up the biggest college or national football stadium in the country four times. And that's if each kit represents a victim - which it does - and you think of game day at Michigan Stadium four times over, that's how many we have in this country. And that's probably a conservative estimate. It is absolutely horrible. And hopefully, it is changing, albeit very slowly."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Police officers have been dismissive and neglectful towards rape victims.","questions":"Which reports did they find in some files when they first started?","answer":"Police"}
{"text":["Well, I was there at the time and I didn't think that Ukraine would take off at all. The first problem was that there were no good economic thinkers at all in Ukraine. All the thinking was really done in Moscow. And the other part was political, that Ukraine came together through a coalition of Ukrainian nationalists in the West who wanted to have an independent state and the old corrupt nomenklatura who wanted to stay in power, and in effect they did.","Hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians have been camping out in downtown Kiev, calling for change, more of a turn towards the West. What do you make of the protest movement when you have this agreement?Is it the kind of thing that in the West we might see and identify with and therefore maybe exaggerate the strength?","Well, what this is, is not about trade agreement - that's the lesser part. It's about European values. It's about democracy and rule of law. Ukrainians are tired of corruption and poor governance. They want to live as in Europe.","You wrote a book in 2009, \"How Ukraine Became a Market Economy and Democracy. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is saying that the protest movement in Ukraine is not just about a trade agreement with the West, but rather about the desire for European values, democracy, and the rule of law. The literal meaning would be that the protest movement is not solely focused on trade agreements.","questions":"What is the protest movement in Ukraine about?","answer":"European"}
{"text":["And let's talk about the rivals themselves once they were in the Cabinet. You wrote about this this week in the Los Angeles Times in an op-ed. And you noted that, two years into Lincoln's administration, there was a full-blown crisis in Lincoln's Cabinet. What was that about?","Well, we reached this point in the middle of the war - it's December 1862 - when Lincoln actually says to one of his closest friends, we are now on the brink of destruction. And he was talking about a Cabinet crisis that was the result of this friction between these rivals. There was backbiting and intrigue, and it was ugly. Lincoln survived it, and that's why we tend to forget how ugly it was. But, you know, in the first two years of the conflict, the president is really struggling to manage these balky rivals.","And they're unable to, what, subsume their own egos to that of the president's?","You know, in retrospect, I think Doris Kearns Goodwin, you know, has a lot of wisdom when she says Lincoln had great personal strength to reach out to his rivals. But at the time, it was considered tremendous weakness and therefore, people in Washington at the beginning of the administration thought he was weak, and they tried to take advantage of it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Cabinet crisis was very serious and ugly.","questions":"What was the result of the friction between the Cabinet rivals during Lincoln's administration?","answer":"Friction"}
{"text":["Well, Secretary Kerry has been talking about this idea of a transitional government. It's kind of - if you remember, back in January they tried a ceasefire that was disrespected by both sides because it told people to stop fighting. It didn't address why they were fighting, which was to control the government.","So now there's a conversation that Kerry's having with both President Kiir and over the phone with the rebel leader, Riek Machar, saying, OK, you guys need to sit down and discuss a transitional government that will include both tribes, but - at least we're reading between the lines here - probably not include either of you guys. Now, whether he can get that across might be possible. The U. S.  does have a lot of power in this region. But it really does depend on these two sides sitting down.","Greg, the U. N.  special adviser says there's, quote, \"the risk of genocide. \"That will make a lot of people wonder if we're on the verge of another Rwanda or Bosnia.","One very chilling account was before the recent massacre in Bentiu. Rebel commanders were said to have used a local radio station to tell men to commit acts of rape against women from the ethnic opposition. That reminds people of Rwanda. The true fear - and this is already happening - is that this hate speech will blur the line between civilian and combatant."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) The implication of this turn is that the U.N. special adviser believes that this conflict has the potential to be as destructive and deadly as the genocides in Rwanda and Bosnia.","questions":"Which adviser warns of a potential genocide in the conflict?","answer":"Adviser"}
{"text":["So, you're skeptical about a car czar. You think that there should be loans, though, with strict provisions attached to them.","Right, right.","What else?What else needs to be done?I mean, this is a massive, massive problem, and two of the three are facing extinction at this point.","Don't forget, what's putting them in this condition is the economic, you know, the economic condition of the nation right now. But the kind of fixed-cost structure that these auto companies have is massive, massive losses that have to do with what's happening to demand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning.","questions":"Which turn in the conversation has a literal meaning?","answer":"Turn1"}
{"text":["Because there's going to be this glass chamber, people can follow along.","Right. It looks absolutely beautiful.","Oh, it does?","Yeah, it looks absolutely beautiful."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The appearance of the glass chamber is impressive. (not the appearance of something else","questions":"How does the glass chamber look?","answer":"beautiful"}
{"text":["Well, Pluto's official designation is a dwarf planet. And I have to tell you the people who sent this probe all the way out to Pluto are a little angry about that because when they launched it a decade ago, Pluto was still a planet.","(Laughter).","It got downgraded in the intervening years.","That seems so unfair."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The people who sent the probe feel disappointed that Pluto was downgraded and their efforts were for nothing.","questions":"How do the people who sent the probe feel about Pluto's downgrade?","answer":"Disappointed"}
{"text":["From what I can tell, as an observer of the trial, it has. You have to bear in mind what the juror's going to be focused on are the documents. In a white-collar criminal case, it's hard to ignore what the documents say. You've got tax returns that they're putting in. You've got mortgage applications that they've entered into evidence. You've got emails. The witnesses are putting those emails - those other communications - in the context. But to a large degree, the record is all written.","And just in the 25 seconds we have left, any idea what direction the defense is going to take?","It's hard to say. The defense can put witnesses on, or the defense can choose not to. The defense can put the defendant on or can choose not to. I think that's probably unlikely in this case. I don't think Paul Manafort will end up taking the witness stand. But I think, at the end of the day, they're going to end up pointing their finger at Gates as a dishonest business associate who really is the one responsible for these crimes.","Tim Belevetz, former federal prosecutor, now in private practice. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The documents hold significant weight in determining guilt in white-collar criminal cases.","questions":"Which type of evidence is crucial in white-collar criminal cases?","answer":"Documents"}
{"text":["I want to start with this relationship that is still taking shape between President Trump and Speaker Ryan. They got off to a rocky start. Have they settled into a relationship where they can actually get anything done?","No. But I think it's. . .","To be blunt.","That's all I have to say about that. No, it's an odd marriage. It's one that I don't think anybody - either party or any of the people around them - thought would happen. And so it's been uneasy from the beginning. I think the Obamacare repeal-and-replace debacle from last month really kind of put it into focus that these are two men who just don't have a lot of the same interests or motivations. And so next week is going to be interesting in terms of trying to get some of those agenda items through. I would put more money on getting the government funded than on any sort of health care bill.","But there's - it's a difficult relationship because they just don't see eye to eye on much. And - the president has an agenda he's trying to pass. The speaker is trying to corral 216 or so Republicans who all have different interests as well. There's just not a lot of communication between the two groups."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : In turn (5), \"corral\" is a figurative expression used to describe the speaker's efforts to gather or control a group of people with differing interests, rather than literally herding cattle.","questions":"Which expression used in turn (4) is used figuratively by PersonA to describe Speaker Ryan's efforts to gather or control a group of people with differing interests?","answer":"Corral"}
{"text":[". . . Exactly correct. And when it comes to hostages, there is a clear U. S.  policy. We do not pay ransom. We do not make concessions. When it comes to political prisoners, it's much more murky.","To your knowledge, was any money given to North Korea in association with the release of Otto Warmbier, however it's characterized?","Not that I'm aware. I would personally be surprised if the Trump administration actually paid that invoice. However, again, when we were negotiating and trying to put the framework together for the release of Otto Warmbier, we were coupling it with a bigger package of bringing back remains of U. S.  servicemen, of helping a little bit with flood-related areas in north North Korea, which was back then hit really hard - not to the North Korean government, but through humanitarian organizations. And that compiles this package of humanitarian interest, mutual humanitarian interest that - it's a bunch of gestures of goodwill that ends up getting with what you want.","What does this week's news tell us about how the Trump administration deals with these types of situations?Because the president likes to suggest that his techniques are very different from that of his predecessors."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The U.S. government used a package of humanitarian gestures to negotiate the release of Otto Warmbier.","questions":"What did the U.S. couple with the release of Otto Warmbier?","answer":"Package"}
{"text":["Christmas integration.","Multi-ethnic Christmas celebration. You know, the biggest thing that my parents did was to raise my sister and I in a very diverse neighborhood. It's really, really important, if you're going to adopt a kid that's a different race, to have neighbors that look like that kid.","You know, the study that came out I think is scaring people in thinking that you're going to have to through like a two year master program to learn how to have black kids, if you're white parents. And it's honestly, you could probably knock it out in two hours. It's really not that difficult, there's a few things that you should know. And bringing your kids up in a diverse neighborhood is the most important of that.","And then, you know, if you have friends that are the same race of your kids, you just, you ask them for questions, and it's helpful to have them as a resource, it's something you definitely want to keep next to you when you're raising your kids."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : You can probably complete the task in two hours not that you can knock it out. ","questions":"What is scaring people according to the study mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Study"}
{"text":["There is no good precedent for thinking that these peace talks will work well for exactly the reason that you have said. The Syrian regime and its allies should - have at no point countenanced the idea that Bashar al-Assad will step down. And then the opposition negotiating committee reiterated in London this week that they foresee a six-month transitional period at the end of which Assad is no longer the president of Syria. So that's a pretty big sticking point.","And starts on Monday?","Starts on Monday at sundown, which is also the beginning of the Muslim Eid festival, yes.","Alice Fordham in Beirut. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In (1), A is expressing a pessimistic view about the chances of success for the peace talks in Syria. A is highlighting a major obstacle to the talks, which is the opposing views on the future of Bashar al-Assad's presidency. A is suggesting that this disagreement is a significant barrier to progress and is indicating that there are no positive examples from the past to suggest that the talks will be successful.","questions":"Which festival coincides with the start of the peace talks in Syria?","answer":"Muslim"}
{"text":["For political directive, sure.","Yeah. Yeah.","It's not Abraham Lincoln and his team of rivals.","They're like instruction manuals for how to run the government."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Political directives are similar to instruction manuals for running the government.","questions":"How are political directives compared to instruction manuals?","answer":"Similar"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me with you.","So, let's start with what exactly they are.","Okay. Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors. They're growth of muscle within the uterine wall. And sometimes they can be the size of a dime, and because of their location, they give you severe symptoms. And rarely, they can get to be the size of a basketball before they're recognized.","That's sounds pretty horrific.","It can be. It's amazing how much difficulty they can give to women that, in general, women can have severe menstrual bleeding - the kind of bleeding that keeps you home from work or keeps you from being able to do your daily activities - or they can press on a lot body structures. And they are very common, and it's surprising that so few women know that they have fibroids and that their symptoms may be related to them.","Now, research shows that about 25 percent of women in America are going to show some symptoms of fibroids, but they occur a lot more often in black women than white women. How much more often and why do scientists think that is?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : So, let's start with what exactly they are. Implicated meaning: Initiating a conversation or discussion on a specific topic.","questions":"Which topic does PersonB want to start the conversation with?","answer":"Fibroids"}
{"text":["Four-hundred-fifty advisers - a good step, enough?","It's OK as far as it goes. It's clearly not enough. We already have about 3,100 Americans there. And ISIS has momentum, and this is not going to change that, I think.","Congressman, what do you say to, I think, a lot of Americans, including some Republicans who might be listening to this interview, who say America doesn't have a good history of sending troops to Iraq?And they're worried about sending any more.","Yeah, I worry about that, too. Clearly, the preferred option is for the Iraqis themselves to provide security for their own country. They have not been very successful at doing that so far. And so we've sent folks back into Iraq after having left there prematurely, in my view. But when we send them back, we only allow them to train Iraqis inside the bases. We do not allow the advisers to go out into the field with them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies that Americans are skeptical about sending more troops to Iraq due to the country's previous history with military involvement in Iraq.","questions":"What are Americans worried about when it comes to sending more troops to Iraq?","answer":"History"}
{"text":["So the sport itself has given me countless opportunities. And for me, the reason why I'm so interested in doing this, it's sort of like my way of giving back, in a sense. You know, I'm going places with the javelin and it's helping me out and probably going to get me into a nice school. So why not give back?And I feel like if I have to do this research project at my school, why not do it on something that I like?","Yeah. I'm just going to guess you've heard from some people that know somebody who was injured by a javelin who've said there's no need for this sport?","Honestly, I haven't. I mean, I know there are some people that have gotten injured and there are people that are against the implementation of the event. But personally, I do not know anybody that has been injured.","You know, Mr.  Christensen, there are people listening around the country I'm sure might point out that it seems easier to buy a gun in South Carolina than to throw a javelin in high school."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"it seems easier to buy a gun in South Carolina than to throw a javelin in high school\" - The literal meaning is that it is easier to purchase a gun than to participate in a high school javelin competition in South Carolina. The actual meaning is that the regulations and restrictions for sports activities in high schools are more rigorous than those for purchasing firearms in the state.","questions":"How does the comparison between buying a gun and throwing a javelin relate to sports regulations?","answer":"Regulations"}
{"text":["I mean, now in hindsight, I don't think there's any doubt that Putin used phony cease-fire talks as a sort of clever way to allow Moscow to keep one hand in diplomacy and to calibrate it but also to keep its feet on the Syrian battlefield in defense of Assad.","Is it worthwhile to make another attempt to talk to Russia?","You know, I think Mr.  Putin is most comfortable, frankly, when he has a diplomatic process going and a military process on the ground. He fashions himself not simply a combatant but a broker and a mediator and a great power. It is high time that the United States remove right now this sort of Potemkin Village fraud in which Mr.  Putin seems to have the best of both worlds. Pull it away, keep the focus on Vladimir Putin as aggressor, tar him with the responsibility and the Assads for the humanitarian catastrophe and don't give him the legitimacy to argue that in fact he can play both on the battlefield and in the diplomatic corridors of Geneva and New York.","There have been reports again that the administration's considering applying more U. S.  military power in the region. How do you feel about that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"tar him with the responsibility\": This phrase is being used metaphorically to mean to assign blame or responsibility to Putin, rather than literally tarring him with something.","questions":"What does the phrase \"tar him\" mean in turn 2?","answer":"Assign"}
{"text":["What were some of the challenging parts of school?What did you find the hardest?","Reading, studying my lessons. You know, because I had to read more, you know, and because, you know, as you get older, your short-term memory sort of fails you once in a while. So to make sure that you got the material where you could reproduce it, you had to study a little harder and do a little more research.","So tell me what graduation day was like?","Oh, the best day of my life, I guess. Life doesn't get any better. Life doesn't get any better. With my family there, all my friends cheering me on, I felt like I was 16 years old. What a day. What a day. I was happy. Everybody was pleased. They gave me a good ovation. I really enjoyed it. I really did. I cannot explain to you in words my feelings."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : None of the turns in this conversation have implied meanings different from their literal meanings.","questions":"How was the PersonA's short-term memory during school?","answer":"Memory"}
{"text":["The auto industry is perhaps the most prevalent of family businesses in Michigan. It's not uncommon for several generations of a family to work with the same carmaker. Alex Marinica is a junior at Wayne State University in Detroit. His father spent 20 years working for Chrysler. Alex, your dad recently took a buyout from Chrysler. What was behind his decision?","Well, I mean, obviously, it was a very hard decision to make. He'd been at the company for many, many years, and he really, really love working there. He thought maybe it was time to move on to some other things.","If you don't mind my asking about your career aspirations. . .","Sure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The auto industry is dominated by family businesses in Michigan, and it's common for multiple generations of the same family to work for the same carmaker. (Literal meaning: The auto industry is just one of many types of family businesses in Michigan.)","questions":"What is a common feature of the auto industry in Michigan?","answer":"Family"}
{"text":["Well, sure, it has something to do with it. Most - these smartphone patent wars are really kind of absurd. What really usually happens and what ought to happen is that you get in a patent fight and you very quickly use the patent fight to cross-license the patents that the other guy has that you need. But Apple has been asking for something really quite extraordinary in these smartphone wars. They've been asking for an injunction to pull some Samsung products off the market. And that tells you how seriously Apple takes Samsung as a competitor. I should also add that I virtually do not believe that there is a judge in the United States that will allow that injunction.","It also, of course, is irresistible to note that these figures come when Apple now has a pretty much brand new CEO, Tim Cook.","Yeah.","Following the death of Steve Jobs."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using humor or sarcasm to make a point or convey a message in a lighthearted way.","questions":"How did the speaker convey their message in turn 3?","answer":"Humor"}
{"text":["However.","Well, you know, it is a good analogy. It's like, you know, you keep the umbrella around. Once it stops raining, you don't get rid of the umbrella, you keep it in the closet. It's the same with your savings. Even when you're doing well, you still have to put something away for the time that it rains, because guess what, it's always going to rain.","So, what are you going to miss most, do you think, about being on the show and giving advice to the radio audience?","Well, obviously the staff, you know - and you know, I don't want to get so melancholy but I have to tell folks that I have never enjoyed working with a group of people more than I have here at NPR. Really smart, caring people who wanted to produce a segment like this to - you see, I'm getting ready to cry - to really help people. This is the one job, and I've got like 10, that I love getting up to go to. And I'm going to miss the listeners. NPR listeners are the most thoughtful, and I get a ton of email - even from those who disagree with me, it was always in a way that was very respectful. And that says a lot about the people who listen to this program."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : You put money in the savings in case you have a problem and need it","questions":"How does PersonA describe the NPR listeners who email him?","answer":"Thoughtful"}
{"text":["Yeah. It was soon dead. They had trapped it with a snare just to - we saw deer that had been killed by snares. So, that's a very efficient way of taking out the animals in a forest. So, even small economic changes here will ripple through South Sudan and affect the economy, the animals, the future of, you know, the future earning potential of tourism could all be change significantly in next five years.","And those people who killed the boar, you later found out were poachers.","Yeah. They don't, you know, nobody can quite say where the rules are and which rules apply, but I have to admit having snacked on that animals, the minister of animal told me, oh, they're poachers. Yes, I've been down there and told them. They must not poach. So it's really theoretical. They know national, you know, the national parks in South Sudan, large one Boma, which has the great animal migration is 8,800 square miles. The second one that's full of a lot of animals, 3,700 square miles. They have no roads, no buildings, no trained wardens, they have untrained. People have been assigned like army conscripts, but there's no effective park system or rules about anything.","You went by airplane to find that herd of elephants you described but you refused to tell us where it is."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"changes here will ripple through South Sudan\" implies that what happened will have numerous effects on the country ","questions":"Which country will be affected by the changes implied in turn 0?","answer":"South"}
{"text":["I think - and this is important to be aware of - you know, ISIS changed its messaging over time. And so there was women who went at different times, responding to different aspects of that appeal.","But I think a big part of the history that we have to remember is, in the Middle East, you know, ISIS unfolding in the wake of the collapse of the Arab Spring. And women were really central to those uprisings, to those protests. They didn't have a lot of - there was not a lot of space for women in a lot of the repressive orders in those countries before the 2011 revolutions. And you know, one by one, those collapsed into civil war, into greater repression. I think in the aftermath of that, ISIS emerged.","And for some young women in those societies, it was that just order. Those kind of dashed hopes were exploited. And part of the appeal of ISIS, I think, in those early days in countries like Tunisia and for girls like Nour, was that there was no other way to be politically active, to be a feminist of any kind. It was the only door that was open.","I was about to mention the story of Nour. She was a high school dropout from Tunisia. And you make the point in the book that she was sort of rebelling against a secular state. And it was her way of expressing her female identity."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Isis began just as the Arab's began to collapse or at least lose popularity.","questions":"Which political movement emerged in the aftermath of the Arab Spring in countries like Tunisia, according to the dialogue?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["What are you, Lisa, most thankful for this holiday season?","I'm thankful I don't have the banks on my butt.","Does that make any sense?","It does. Do a lot of other businesses there locally that might not be affected by the baby boom - are they having a harder time?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Does that make any sense?\" - The literal meaning of this question is asking if the previous statement is logically or grammatically correct. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is questioning whether their statement was appropriate or relevant to the conversation.","questions":"Which question does PersonA ask to PersonB regarding their previous statement?","answer":"sense"}
{"text":["Microfauna, can't get enough.","Microflora and fauna.","That's right.","Excuse me, I just thought of - wow, and was this something he started out to do, I mean, as a scientist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Women are vulnerable due to lack of privacy and basic necessities","questions":"How are women affected?","answer":"Vulnerable"}
{"text":["Yeah. In 1970, the big focus was on pollution. I mean, it was \"Silent Spring\" with - in 1962 that had triggered the evolution and formation of the modern environmental movement, and that was pollution-oriented. And, well, we've seen since then is a shift to focus on environmental support systems, like the natural systems, like the forests and grasslands and fisheries and so forth, and what's happening to them. And now, of course, climate change is on the issue, and water has become a major issue.","These were not on the agenda in 1970. At that time, it was largely a focus on pollution, and that was at the time when the Cuyahoga River in Cleveland caught fire because there was so much oil and other combustible material there. So it was pollution. Now, it's many things.","It was just a couple of months after that first Earth Day, Congress authorized the creation of the EPA, a federal agency that regulates environmental regulations. The EPA has, of course, become - gone from an agency created with great bipartisan support to one of the most partisan ideas in government.","Yeah. I think the - as I recall, the first head might have been Russell Train. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : not a physical head, like a head from a body, but the  person in charge of something, the leader of something","questions":"Which type of head was not being referred to in turn 3?","answer":"Physical"}
{"text":["You have also done \"Celebrity Fit Club\" and you had a particular experience with a very tall object. Tell me about how you felt with that.","So they didn't tell me that it was boot camp. And when I found out it was boot camp I didn't know that I would be actually living on the premises in the woods. You take a person that every single weekend I'm standing on five-star hotels and now I'm living in a log cabin with Erin Moran who I grew up watching on TV, on \"Happy Days. \"So I'm star struck, I'm hungry, and I'm feeling like a girl scout. The day came for me to climb up a tower, and I totally panicked. I thought that I could do it, I wanted to do it, but my mind could not digest it. So here I am, over 35 years old, on TV, no eyebrows, no make-up, stuck in a harness crying with a head rag on.","How embarrassing. How. . .","I love how you mention the head rag because it's like. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : I am living in a log cabin with celebrity Erin and feel excited about the experience. When it was time to climb a tower, I panicked.","questions":"What did the person feel when it was time to climb the tower?","answer":"Panicked"}
{"text":["This was back in 1982?","'82. But I think people thought, oh, my God, you know, you can't put a black person's heart in a white person. You cannot possibly put a woman's heart in a man. I mean, it's interesting that with the heart, sort of the emotions we ascribe to it get all wrapped up in the medical techniques also.","So they got beyond that. And you write about this group of researchers and doctors in Houston - big egos, big personalities and a big state (laughter). Tell us about these two pioneers who had this incredible rivalry that helped shape this field - Dr.  Denton Cooley and Dr.  Michael DeBakey.","When I started looking into it again, it was kind of like the right stuff for heart surgeons. These were people with outsized personalities and outsized wills. And the story really starts in Houston with the theft of an artificial heart from Michael DeBakey's lab. And DeBakey at the time was perhaps the most famous heart surgeon or surgeon in the world. And his nemesis was a guy named Denton Cooley, who, for a time, worked under him and got tired of waiting for Dr.  DeBakey to put this artificial heart in someone. So he purloined it with the man who had designed it into DeBakey's lab and put it in a man. And the operation, to some extent, was a success because the patient lived. And this became the most famous feud in medical history."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The rivalry between heart surgeons DeBakey and Cooley became infamous.","questions":"How did the rivalry between heart surgeons become known?","answer":"Infamous"}
{"text":["They do, but they won't help much in this case. There's a type of snail that eats them that unfortunately is also popular in the curio trade, but their numbers were never huge. There's some - actually some very small shrimp that will eat them, but, you know, there's only so much they can do.","When you have these outbreaks, the numbers of starfish are so much that it's beyond what any of their predators can do anything about.","And these are not your run-of-the-mill, see-them-on-the-beach five-legged starfish, are they?","No, no, I mean, they look like monsters. If you wanted to - you know, if you were to blow one of these things up really big, you could use it in a sci-fi movie."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The appearance of the starfish is monstrous, and could be used in a science fiction movie.","questions":"How would you describe the appearance of the starfish?","answer":"Monstrous"}
{"text":["Look. I think there is a very, very big leap between candidate Trump in 2016 saying, Russia, if you can hear this, show us the emails, and President Trump using his awesome powers to coerce a foreign government into interfering in our elections. You know, his defense to the Mueller report was that, yeah, Russia may have interfered but that he had nothing to do with it. If this story is true, here we have the president trying to force a foreign government to work with him against his political opponent in the United States. That's beyond unacceptable.","And you say, if it's true. . .","And yes, impeachable.","You say, if it's true, what powers does the House have to try to corroborate this claim?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Forcing a foreign government to work as per your choice is unacceptable","questions":"How was the foreign government involved in the situation?","answer":"Interfering"}
{"text":["So I think - I think we're - we have to understand the complexity of it. I think we have to understand that the president has put together a good team on this. And now we're really looking at the next step. But I do think it's important to underscore that in this kind of negotiation, especially at this high level, you get to walk away from the table once. You don't get to walk away from the table twice.","Right. I mean, you used a phrase there, pick up the pieces. It's not just President Trump and North Korea. It's the president's son-in-law trying to almost single handedly bring Middle East peace after the United States took a move like moving the embassy to Jerusalem. You know, some would say that the Trump administration gives away the carrots, like moving the embassy to Jerusalem, without getting concessions and only selectively applies the sticks, like curtailing Palestinian aid. Doesn't that make it harder to negotiate?","Sometimes it can. Sometimes, however, that - what you want to do is try to rearrange the pieces on the table and do so in ways that are surprising or unexpected and can open space for - for talks and negotiations.","Do you think Jared Kushner is the man to do that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is not a table but people get to leave the negotiation.","questions":"How many times can you walk away from the table in this kind of negotiation?","answer":"Once"}
{"text":["I think that some of the red lines for the Europeans relate to what Iran has threatened to do in its next phase of so-called noncompliance with this nuclear deal. And that relates to increasing the percentage threshold currently in place for enriching uranium. This is going to be a critical aspect of how Iran can expand its nuclear program. And that's where we might see the Europeans escalating this issue at the U. N.  Security Council.","But we're definitely seeing the rhetoric and the sounds from Tehran escalate as the U. S.  pressure campaign mounts on.","That's Ellie Geranmayeh of the European Council on Foreign Relations. Thank you for joining us.","Pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Iran has threatened to increase uranium enrichment, which may result in European escalation at the U.N. Security Council","questions":"What is the critical aspect of Iran's nuclear program that may lead to European escalation at the U.N. Security Council?","answer":"Uranium"}
{"text":["Well, he's got two possibilities here. These tariffs go up on Friday. Both the U. S.  and the Chinese economy would feel the pain. Markets would respond. And here in China, the timing is not great. China's growth is slowing. The government has stepped in with stimulus to try and cushion the blow. And higher tariffs would put more pressure on China's financial system. That said, the notion of Xi Jinping standing up to an American president plays into this carefully crafted aura of him inside of China as this strongman leader who's willing to fight back against China's biggest global rival. So it could play in his favor.","Now, one thing that has not been on the table during these trade talks is China's interment of millions of Chinese Muslims - Uighurs - something that has concerned human rights groups here in the U. S.  Do you think that there's any chance that this human rights concern will be addressed during these trade talks?","Well, it certainly doesn't seem like it. The State Department has ratcheted up its criticism of China on this issue, but the Commerce Department and the U. S.  trade representative who are handling the trade negotiations don't seem receptive to having this issue be a part of the talks. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo did seem to separate the two issues in an interview on \"Face The Nation\" on Sunday, saying the administration has to do more than one thing at a time.","And you were just in Xinjiang last week, right?Tell us what you saw there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Xi Jinping wants to appear as a strong leader who fights against China's biggest rival","questions":"What aura does Xi Jinping want to craft of himself inside China?","answer":"Strongman"}
{"text":["And I started recording them, and then over time, it found its audience.","I mean, it found a huge audience. Does it surprise you that what you find interesting so many other people do, too?","Yes and no. It's funny, I was listening about vaccines just now, and in a way, you know, modern medicine has approached this mission of optimizing the life of the body with such methodical rigor, but we haven't necessarily done that about the life of the mind.","And the education system is, in a way, this antiquated universal vaccine model: We think that we can cram it all in a few years of formal schooling, and it's going to protect us for the rest of our lives. But the way I think of learning and creative curiosity is as a kind of immune system against the life of mediocrity."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Yes and no\" implies that A is on the fence concerning if he was surprised that what he find interesting others too do.","questions":"Which word describes PersonA's sentiment towards the audience finding what he finds interesting?","answer":"Ambivalent"}
{"text":["And when we returned at the beginning of this year, in the beginning of 2008, we could really see that the sectarian violence was beginning to abate, and that's continued tremendously throughout this year. So we've been able to focus a lot of our efforts on stability operations and infrastructure and just helping with building up the government and the local government forces there. So it's been a really good, positive year, and I think that the soldiers all the way down to the lowest level can see that progress.","And the Status of Forces Agreement, known as SOFA, went into effect today, and that among other things mandates the withdrawal of all U. S.  troops from Iraq by 2011. Are people talking about that?And how is it affecting them?","Well, the SOFA basically states that we will be continuing to work with the Iraqi forces for the remainder of the time that we're here. And it has set a timeline, but our timeline to come home really hasn't changed even according to that. But a lot of the troops now are looking towards the future, knowing that they'll probably wind up going to Afghanistan.","So right now, the schedule of deployments, we don't really know how far out that's going to go, and so people are just sort of looking towards getting our job done here and then heading home to their families."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : SOFA is not affecting the current timeline for troops to come home.","questions":"How is the SOFPersonA affecting the current timeline for troops to come home?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["It's the first time we've described a new medicinal leech species from North America in 40 years. And it has a number of characteristics that make it as a new - considered a new species.","What's up with the three jaws?Is this common?","Most leeches in this group and other groups have three jaws, but the number of teeth in those jaws is more variable.","So why three jaws?What do they need them for?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"why do they need them for\" implies rather \"what would\" they need them for.","questions":"What does the turn \"why do they need them for\" imply?","answer":"What"}
{"text":["And I went and bought bread. I made a really good salsa and started selling tortas at a bus stop. Of course, everybody thought I was nuts. And my friends used to make a lot of fun of me - you know, no girl is going to like you because you sell food on the street. And I'd say, no, you're totally wrong. I said, I'm an entrepreneur (laughter). I have my own business.","Now he's executive chef and partner in the James Beard-nominated Taqueria del Sol, a counter-service chain in Georgia and Tennessee. In the kitchen of one of the Atlanta restaurants, he shows me how to make his turnip greens. It starts with a little butter and oil.","We're going to build the sauce for greens. And you want to saute your garlic, a few onions, your pepper. In this case, we use the chile de arbol.","The chile de arbol pepper brings some heat. It sautes with the onion and garlic until the peppers start to release their oils."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People should pursue their dreams and not let negative opinions stop them from achieving success.","questions":"Which ingredient is used to add heat to the sauce for greens in turn 2?","answer":"Chiledearbol"}
{"text":["So we really need to do research and try to pin that down. Another thing that's critical is - so what is the long-term prospect for our cities and our ports?How much is the sea level going to rise?What are our coast lines going to look like?Well, that depends upon how fast Greenland and parts of the West Antarctic ice sheet melt. That's a big unknown.","There was a piece appearing in the New York Times this week that described new research that basically found even if we curb emissions now, climate change will likely continue until at least the year 3000. Do you feel like there is any solution?Can we ever go back?","We should not think about the fact that we're going to be pristine and back what we were like before the industrial revolution. I think we have to have a different notion. We have used the industrial revolution to get rich. We've improved our quality of life. Now, those very techniques are reducing the quality of life through environmental side effects. Let's try to prevent it from getting a lot worse.","So while we can't stop a few degrees of warming on top of where we already are, we can stop the 10 degrees. My notion is do as much as you can, as fast as you can, as fairly as you can, and as cost effectively as you can, and don't get hung up on the numbers because three degrees is a lot better than six, and 10 degrees is dramatically worse than any other numbers."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Their notion is to do as much as you can and don't think about the numbers too much.","questions":"How should we approach taking action on climate change according to PersonA's notion?","answer":"possible"}
{"text":["It's a delight to be back with you, Scott.","Now, is this just another drip in the FIFA scandal or does this suggest that the Justice Department is any closer to sorting all of this out?","Well, the noose is tightening. Similar scenes in Brazil have gone on in Germany. It's kind of like the end of the \"Godfather\" movies where the dominoes are all falling, one by one. Sepp Blatter, the farcical little man who's run FIFA for the past couple of decades - FIFA, the nonprofit of a billion-and-a-half cash reserve. It's a wonderful - they're my favorite kind of nonprofit.","It's the kind of nonprofit NPR should be, but go ahead, yes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of turn (3) is different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning suggests that there are similar scenes in Brazil and Germany as in the FIFA scandal, the implied meaning is that there are investigations and consequences in those countries related to corruption in football","questions":"Which country is mentioned in turn 2 as having similar scenes to the FIFPersonA scandal?","answer":"Brazil"}
{"text":["Some people call you the Architect or the Godfather of the surge. You know, it was not that big an increase in troops originally calling for just 20,000. What made you think that was going to be enough of a margin to establish order, or try to establish order, or something like order?","The surge, really is a horrible term, but the term stuck and in military terms it's a counter-offensive designed to wrest the offensive away from your opponent, in this case, the insurgency and the al-Qaeda in Iraq. And the surge, well everybody focuses on the troops, the real issue was we changed the strategy. For the first time we were going to protect the people and actually take on the mission to defeat the insurgency.","In the past, our mission was to transition to the Iraqis till down the road they could defeat them. To do that, you need additional forces because you have to decentralize and put the troops on the streets where they live in the neighborhoods, mulhollans as they call them in Iraq, and districts in those major urban centers. That is the issue. And in an urban insurgency the people are the issue.","You know there are some including the West Point history professor, Lieutenant Colonel John Gentile, who say that it's not so much that we've sent in these extra troops or changed our strategy, it's that we got Muqtada al-Sadr's forces to have a ceasefire and we essentially hired 100,000 former Sunni insurgents to come onto our payroll and try to keep quiet."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Additional forces were needed to decentralize and put troops on the streets to address the urban insurgency.","questions":"How did the surge strategy address the issue of urban insurgency?","answer":"Protect"}
{"text":["Well, it is. It starts off in Pumalin Park, which is temperate rain forest - so think of the coast of British Columbia - all the way down into the grassland\/steppe areas toward the tip of the country. It really encompasses almost every ecotone that one would find in the south of the country.","We should note this is now the largest private donation of land to a government ever. You and your husband ran this place as a park for a long time. I've been there. And it is indeed just one of the most beautiful places I've ever been. Why hand it over to the government of Chile?","Well, you know, we grew up within the national parks here in the United States. And there is a sense of, I would even say, ownership by every American who goes through the front gates of Yellowstone or Yosemite, that those are public parks. They belong to everybody. And Chile is no different. We hope that somehow between the creation of national parks, the development of what we call economic development as a consequence of conservation that precious masterpieces of the country will be preserved forever.","Have you gotten guarantees, though, that the government of Chile will run it in a way that's sustainable?There have been concerns about the capacity of the government of Chile to really run these parks in the same way that you've run them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In this turn, the speaker is using the phrase \"run it in a way that's sustainable\" in a metaphorical sense, meaning to manage the park in a way that preserves its natural resources and ecological balance, rather than just its financial profitability.","questions":"What does the speaker mean by \"sustainable\"?","answer":"Preserves"}
{"text":["Well, I only recently arrived, so I haven't seen the whole city by any means. But when I got here, I went straight to a demonstration on the city's east side. This was one of those demonstrations that have been called by Juan Guaido for what he billed as the biggest-ever demonstration in the history of Venezuela.","There were a lot of people there - thousands, possibly in the tens of thousands. But I have seen much larger crowds turn out for Guaido before. And so this was a smaller turnout. And I think the most noticeable thing about it is that the mood has quite substantially changed. Whilst these demonstrations for the opposition leader, Guaido, were before quite very lively - there'd be a lot of chanting, a lot of singing - now there's a mood of wariness. I thought it was more subdued.","And not far away from where I was, there were violent clashes underway between the security forces and a small group of anti-government protesters in which, you know, they were exchanging. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the simple agreement \"yeah\" could convey a range of meanings depending on the speaker's tone and context. It could indicate anything from sincere agreement to disinterest or even sarcasm.","questions":"How did the speaker of turn 3 convey their agreement?","answer":"Yeah"}
{"text":["Well, most recently, we did a research project where we sent psychologists and medical doctors to meet with former detainees at Abu Ghraib in Guantanamo - doing physical exams, psychological exams, X-rays, bone scans, rectal exams - to see if the stories that they had told were actually true. And the doctors that reviewed the research and did the work said that the story was so gross that they could hardly read all of the report. So, it's that kind of funding that had us put out a report called \"Broken Laws, Broken Lives,\" which is being used in the Congress to investigate the violations of human rights to the folks that have been detained. So, that's the kind of work that the JET Foundation funded that we now have lost.","So, you won't have $175,000 going forward. Is there a way to make up that money?","Well, I think its individual. I think there's a lot of folks out there from all sides of the table that want to restore our credibility, and they are the people, I think, that ultimately will fund our work. And if I can find about 175 people to give me 1,000 bucks, we'll be able to continue that critical work.","Frank Donaghue is the CEO of Physicians for Human Rights. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : all sides of the table refers to different opinions people have","questions":"Which phrase in the dialogue refers to the work that the JET Foundation funded?","answer":"work"}
{"text":["Do you think what we've seen over the past couple of weeks represents some kind of tipping point in the way people think about guns?","Probably not, unfortunately. I mean, after - Sandy Hook was about the worst thing that could ever possibly happen. And it didn't substantially change the tone of this debate. What is different is when you mix an ISIS story, which is what we have now, with a gun-control story. Maybe that's what's going to change things.","The idea that people who may not have been able to get on an airplane were able to acquire guns.","Right, right, right. We have zero tolerance for Islamic - Islamic State terrorism. We seem to have a certain level of tolerance for a certain number of school shootings a year. So - I'm sorry to say it, but it's true. And so maybe that's what tips this debate. But I don't see any one incident tipping the debate in the way you're suggesting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : And so maybe that's what tips this debate. But I don't see any one incident tipping the debate in the way you're suggesting.\" In this turn, the speaker suggests that the combination of factors or events, rather than a single incident, might be what leads to a significant shift in the ongoing debate about guns. The literal meaning is that a single incident alone is unlikely to lead to the suggested change in the debate.","questions":"What does the speaker suggest might lead to a significant shift in the ongoing debate about guns?","answer":"Combination"}
{"text":["You definitely - I mean, mosses definitely occur down there and hepatics, as well. But as far as I understand, there's a very limited flora down there. It's not like the Canadian Arctic, where we're in an Alpine sector of the Canadian High Arctic. So there's a lot of diversity, a lot of meso- and microhabitats for the bryophytes to survive in.","What would you - what would be a home run, a grand slam for you in this field?What would really you like to find?What would, you know, besides. . . ?","I think what would be really fascinating is that if you could go under a melting glacier that was 100,000, 150,000 years, maybe 200,000 years old, and you actually found macrofossils, what would be called macrofossils underneath the glacier and be able to rejuvenate them. That would be pretty amazing.","Yeah, about the mosses that you found. Are all mosses like this, or is this a particularly hardy species of moss that you've discovered in the ice there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They are asking what would be the best thing for the person to find.","questions":"What is the goal of the person in terms of discoveries in the field?","answer":"Discoveries"}
{"text":["Seems that this year, more Americans are making their electoral preferences known from the hereafter. Katie Falzone is vice president for operations at Legacy. com. They host obituaries for newspapers and funeral homes. She joins us now from the studios of WBEZ in Chicago, where, of course, deceased Americans can always vote. Thanks very much for being with us, Ms.  Falzone.","Thank you, Scott.","So has this really stepped up this election year.","It definitely has. I recently pulled some numbers from our site and found, you know, over the course of the past few election cycles, we've seen a huge increase. So the first year I looked at was comparing June to June numbers for the 2003-2004. We only had five references to political candidates in obituaries. This year, 119."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The increase in references to political candidates in obituaries suggests that more Americans are making their electoral preferences known from beyond the grave.","questions":"Which aspect of political preferences are more Americans making known from beyond the grave?","answer":"Preferences"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah. And then tomorrow, let's focus more on the hammer (tapping piano hammers).","That pounds the strings.","Yeah. And then let's focus more on the keys the day after (playing piano).","He did this while explaining why he is returning to compositions he played as a child. Lang Lang is a concert pianist for whom almost no composition seems too difficult.","Yet his latest album, \"Piano Book,\" features much simpler classics, tunes many adults recall trying to play in piano lessons and that Lang Lang played growing up in China."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"Yet his latest album, 'Piano Book,' features much simpler classics, tunes many adults recall trying to play in piano lessons and that Lang Lang played growing up in China.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that Lang Lang's latest album features simpler classical music that many adults tried to play in piano lessons and that Lang Lang played when he was growing up. The actual meaning is that Lang Lang is showcasing his roots and paying tribute to the music that inspired him as a child, rather than just playing difficult pieces to show off his technical skills.","questions":"What is the name of Lang Lang's latest album?","answer":"Piano"}
{"text":["That's right. They said they would, and they're going to do it. Universal background checks for gun buyers is one of the bills they're going to vote on. These are measures with broad public support, many having arisen since the most horrific mass shootings we have seen in recent months and years.","Senator Bernie Sanders entered the 2020 race for president this week - I think $6 million he raised within 48 hours or something. But he touched off a recurrent question about if he's really a Democrat in all ways, maybe. This week, he refused to call Nicolas Maduro a dictator.","You know, terminology and labels are not ultimately where people live, but they can have meaning and effect when it comes to campaigns. We certainly saw that in 2016. Sanders only calls himself a Democrat when he's seeking to be the party nominee for president. The rest of the time and in Congress, he calls himself an independent. And that may be more accurate.","The phrase democratic socialist that Sanders uses a lot - that has quite a few fans, especially among younger voters, who seem to take this word socialist in stride. Older voters still remember the years when to be a socialist was to be on the wrong side of the Cold War in many people's minds. And voters of all ages will be taking part in those primaries and caucuses starting in less than a year.","Thanks so much. Ron Elving, thanks for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Sanders only calls himself a Democrat when he's seeking to be the party nominee for president.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that Sanders identifies as a Democrat only when he is running for the party's presidential nomination. The actual meaning is that the speaker is implying that Sanders is not a true Democrat.","questions":"What is the reason behind Sanders identifying as a Democrat?","answer":"Nominee"}
{"text":["I mean, as far as I'm not a Catholic, but the pope can do whatever he likes. But the gospels are pretty clear in the Greek that the original translation - lead us not into temptation - is the best reflection of that biblical Greek. It's a subjunctive verb. It's used in the second person, addressed directly to God. And it really does say, do not lead us into temptation. Please - I hope that you do not lead me into temptation. And that's really what the Greek says.","And what is the Greek, by the way?","(Speaking Greek). That's the end of it. That's the addition - (speaking Greek). There's an addition. So for thine is the kingdom, the power and the glory is a later addition. So originally, when they translated the text - the King James version - they thought that that bit was original, but actually, it ends with deliver us from evil, so that for thine is the kingdom is sort of - it's a doxology that was added on later.","Yet another change."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker does not agree with the Catholic views of the pope but acknowledges his power.","questions":"Which religious figure does the speaker reference in turn 0?","answer":"Pope"}
{"text":["Sherrilyn, are you with us?","I am.","OK.  Any sign of polling difficulties that were out of the ordinary in a way that prevented people from having their say?","Well I think it's going to interesting to see what we learn over the next few days. In many ways because people were caught up in the euphoria of this election. I think some of the information is going to drip in."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Information \"dripping in\" implies that some information will become available slowly over the near future.","questions":"How will the information become available?","answer":"Slowly"}
{"text":["That's good. That's a start.","That's good.","But there are also very few issues that could get us at daggers drawn in the short term. You could have a misunderstanding and miscalculation in the South China Sea. Taiwan remains very concerning.","But overall, to date, there are very few areas in which the United States and China are headed toward conflict with each other. And there is great concern in both capitals that it not get there. But between that observation - that we mustn't go to war - and the growing list of complaints against each other, there is insufficient strategic thinking in both capitals."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There are several issues that could lead to conflict between US and China in the short term","questions":"How many concerns does Taiwan remain for the US and China?","answer":"One"}
{"text":["Do you ever get parents who say, well I don't really like the way you're approaching this, I don't believe that that the way you're approaching this is the best way for my child?Even if they brought their kids or they've had their kids kind of come on a field trip.","We've had very few people who have said that. We have people who have left suggestions of how we can do things better, which we really want. But the focus groups that we conducted with parents before - as we were putting this exhibit together at school sites around the country, it was very clear. They were hungry for us to do something that would allow them to help explain to their children why people look different, what the concept of race is and more importantly, how people of all different backgrounds can get along in the school site.","Give me a very concrete example of something that you have in the exhibit. Describe to us one thing.","We have a wheel, color wheel, and we ask students to find their color on the color wheel. And this is the place where we talk about the history of skin color and why people have different skin color. And it has a lot to do with how humans migrated out of Africa over the, you know, past 20,000, 50,000 years. Anyway, they find themselves, and then they look at ranges of people from around the world who look like them. And it's a big a-ha moment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The exhibit helps parents teach their kids about diversity","questions":"Which group did the focus groups conducted with before putting the exhibit together?","answer":"Parents"}
{"text":["But Dr.  Landreth and his colleagues contend that's not the culprit. The culprit is the earlier forms of deposition, the so-called oligomeric stage that is really causing the damage, or the soluble stage of the processing. And the drug may be effective at that stage, and hence may be efficacious.","But this is all within the world of amyloid. There's a whole other research community out there that talks about other aspects of the Alzheimer's disease process. So while amyloid is likely to be a major player, it may not be the only culprit in the disease.","And so there may be other ways to treat it, too.","Absolutely. I mean, I think one - you may be familiar with the National Alzheimer's Project Act that was signed into law in 2011, and eventually resulted in the first United States national plan for Alzheimer's disease, released about a year ago in Washington. And part of that plan talks about exploring other targets for Alzheimer's disease."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Amyloid is likely to be a major cause of alzehiemer's but not the only cause.","questions":"How might Alzheimer's disease be caused?","answer":"Oligomeric"}
{"text":["Wouldn't you like to know?","I would.","They are being very, very discreet, and they're not telling anybody anything. And I think the usual conclusion from that is that they're not doing things with it that we would be pleased about. One of the things that they appear to have done with it is pay out $1. 6 billion in bonuses and other benefits to executives, which obviously is not something that would have gone over very well. From the banks' perspective, obviously, they will say, hey, wait a minute. We don't put the taxpayer money in a particular bucket and then use that to make certain things. It just all goes into a big cash bucket, and obviously, we have to pay our people. But no, we're not going to give you details on that or anything else even though it's your money.","But they are supposed to use it, or at least the intent of the legislation was for them to use it, to loosen the credit squeeze, to ease up credit and to lend to one another."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is no literal bucket - it just means that there is a collection of cash in a bank or something. ","questions":"What is the perspective of the banks on putting the taxpayer money in a particular bucket?","answer":"details"}
{"text":["We're coming over the initial shock. It's a very strange situation to live in one of the wealthiest countries in the world. And we have been living in more luxury than almost any other nation on this planet, and now all of a sudden we find ourselves almost like beggars.","You talk about the swift difference between being so wealthy to now being in a totally different place. Is this what everyone - is the average person going through something like this?Or is this just a select few that went from being so wealthy to so not wealthy?","The general public here has been very, very well off. But now people that are starting to lose their jobs - hundreds of people that used to work in the banks have been losing their jobs recently. We know that a lot of companies are going to become bankrupt. We had almost no unemployment in the past years. We've been importing workers from Eastern Europe because we didn't have enough people to work in our companies.","So, how are people coping with this?Are they selling off their belongings?What are they doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker wonders if the average person is also experiencing a similar change in circumstances from being wealthy to not wealthy, as opposed to just a select few.","questions":"How does PersonB question the impact of the change in circumstances on the average person?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah. Hopefully, you know?So whereas in America, you know, you sort of smoothed the edges and you've just put, you know, you've put makeup on. That's what you've done. We're still in the very, you know, you still see all of our imperfections. Whereas in America you try to put a lot of makeup, but the imperfections are still there. And I find that that's the most interesting thing for me.","The changes that we've seen in South Africa over those 17 years are little short of phenomenal.","Yes. It's been amazing. It was a bloodless revolution, you know, because the difference has been - in America, black people have been fighting for their freedom and for their identity and so on, but as a minority. In South Africa, you had a white majority rule, ruling over \u2014 I mean, this is Africa. This is the home of black. It was the black factory. So I mean this is, you know, it was a very different story and never before has there been a bloodless revolution in Africa.","Is there much of a tradition of comedy in South Africa, particularly tweaking the powers that be?You don't think of John Vorster. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is asking about the tradition of political comedy in South Africa and whether there is a history of satirizing those in power. Implicated meaning: The speaker is curious about the role of comedy in South African politics and whether it has been used as a tool for dissent.","questions":"What is the speaker curious about regarding comedy in South African politics?","answer":"Role"}
{"text":["Underserved communities are neglected from the outside in. You know, we're talking about citizenry that have demonstrated a love for their community, have demonstrated a loyalty to the community and city as a whole, and they are the heart and soul of culture and cuisine for so many decades in New Orleans. And to let that go, means we've lost perspective of what is truly important in the society, and that's the root of what our culture is all about, you know, the intersection between people and life itself. And when we lose the priority of that, then we've lost our way as a city. And so the 9th Ward is emblematic of that. While a lot of the city is thriving, until the 9th Ward comes back, we won't be whole, and that's why we believe we should be there as a company.","A grocery store is not everything a neighborhood needs, but it is one of the things a neighborhood needs.","Mm-hmm.","Do you hope that, alongside the growth of Sterling Farms, will come those other necessities - a better school system, the infrastructure elements of sewage and power and water - everything that the people need to get their community going again?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the heart and soul of culture and cuisine\" In this turn, the phrase \"heart and soul\" is used metaphorically to refer to the essential and central aspects of culture and cuisine. It does not imply the literal physical organ of the heart or soul.","questions":"Which phrase is used metaphorically in turn 0?","answer":"Heart"}
{"text":["You know, I always love - to me, there are two parts of the Olympic competition, A, the Opening Ceremonies and the 100-meter and the 200-meter dash in - men's and women's. That, to me, that's the Olympics, and I think that's going to be fascinating. It's just going to be fascinating. And there's always - there's always someone - there's always someone who comes out of the blue, and I don't think it'll be someone from China, but you just can't tell. They have been waiting for this for a long time, Tony. It's kind of what we did to the world in 1984, when we just ambushed everybody. So, I think it's - I think the competition is going to be phenomenal.","I can't let you get away from here, Bill Rhoden, without talking about - guess who - Brett Favre.","He's coming to your town.","Eh. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Brett Favre is a hot topic and cannot be ignored.","questions":"What is the name of the person that PersonB mentions in the dialogue?","answer":"Brett"}
{"text":["Why they're talking about it is because they feel they have to talk about it. The government of Bangladesh wants the bulk of these people to return. They also would be feeling some domestic pressures in this area, as well. And the government of Burma, I think, is feeling some of the pressure from the international community and feels some need to be responsive. But the real story here is this is horrifying, this discussion, to be taking place right now, given the complete absence of measures in place to ensure safety and security upon return.","As I understand it, the Rohingya, according to this agreement, will be moved from the camps in Bangladesh to a camp in Myanmar where there could be security concerns.","Oh yeah, there are no safeguards in place. There - been no serious discussion of safeguards for return. You have to realize that we're talking about one of the greatest crimes in recent memory - massive abuses, forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of people in a matter of weeks.","There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N.  official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There have been no serious discussions of safeguards for the return of the Rohingya, despite their forced relocation and massive abuses.","questions":"Which group has faced forced relocation and massive abuses?","answer":"Rohingya"}
{"text":["Thanks, Michel.","Now, you've been reporting along the border all day. What have you seen?","Well, I was at the actual border this morning. It's a river that divides Mexico and Guatemala. And there was no presence of authorities there. So there are these inflatable rafts that carry people and goods across the river, and they were traveling without a problem across the river. So I saw several groups of migrants cross this morning. But things change as you move north on highways here.","So I'm currently at a highway checkpoint. There's about a dozen Mexican migration officers, as well as Mexican Army and Mexican police. And they're stopping every van and bus that comes by here and checking it for undocumented migrants.","So tell us a little bit more, if you would, about what happens to travelers who arrive at those checkpoints."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Mexican officials are actively searching for undocumented migrants.","questions":"How are Mexican officials responding to the presence of undocumented migrants?","answer":"Stopping"}
{"text":["It is. And there's actually - turns out, there's a lot of responsibility with that because there are spectators everywhere. There are cameras everywhere. There's high winds, of course. They have to watch out for that. And anybody who doesn't stop when the yellow jersey stops, they're - they get in big trouble. And anybody who pees when there is too much wind or when they're in a group stuck somewhere, there are repercussions for people who sort of break these secret pee rules.","What other anecdotes do you have from other sports?","Well, the way I like to put this is there are nearly 3 billion gallons of urine evacuated on earth every day. And my reporting discovered that it seems like most of it ends up on an NFL field somewhere. Really, at any given moment, on an NFL sideline, there are probably a handful of players relieving themselves. They're sort of hiding in plain sight, whether they're going behind a towel or just going into their football pants or going behind an equipment case. You know, there are maybe 10 different techniques that football players relieve themselves during NFL games.","And wait, did you actually say that some of them just pee their pants?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"yellow jersey\" - this refers to the leader of the Tour de France race and is not a literal yellow-colored shirt.","questions":"What color is the \"yellow jersey\"?","answer":"Yellow"}
{"text":["Most Americans will cast our ballots on November 8, or will we?Early voting begins in some states as soon as the end of this month. Twenty million ballots might be in the hands of voters by the end of September. After several elections with early voting, can we see what impact it might have on the political system and even the final result?","Paul Gronke is a professor of political science at Reed College in Portland, Ore. He's founder and director of the Early Voting Information Center. He joins us from Philadelphia. Professor Gronke, thanks for being with us.","Absolutely, good to talk with you, Scott.","Is it your impression so far that one party or one campaign is better prepared than the other right now for early balloting?","I think so. The Democrats really ramped up their operation with the Obama campaign in 2008, and they really got a very good data operation. Rick Perry led the way with the Republicans in some work in Texas to start to track Republican voters and connect them with whether they've cast their ballots early."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  Is it your impression so far that one party or one campaign is better prepared than the other right now for early balloting?","questions":"Which professor is the founder and director of the Early Voting Information Center?","answer":"Paul-Gronke"}
{"text":["You're a breast cancer survivor. Your husband passed away. One of your other children was in a serious accident, and yet when you deal with the Imus ordeal, you say I've never felt so powerless in my life. Why did that touch you so much?","You know, Farai, one of the things that maybe people didn't know is that here I had a team of 10 players, and five of those young ladies were freshmen. Less than a year before that, they were sitting on bleachers at a high school graduation. Some of them that came to me had braces on their teeth. They had dreams and aspirations of becoming doctors and psychologists and musicians and all the like.","And here while they had done something that they should be commended for because throughout the year, the year had been a tremendous struggle. They had been pushed to the brink, and yet somehow they survived. And beyond surviving, here they were standing before a national audience and being honored as one of the top two teams in this nation.","And I was so proud of them because I could remember seeing some of them cry or think that they couldn't and then to see their faces on television or USA Today and, you know, this is what it's all about - for us as leaders and as parents and as people that care about our young people - to take them to places that they don't think that they can go, have them accomplish those things, and then with that level of security and confidence, they can take on the world."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Helping young people achieve their goals gives them confidence to take on the world","questions":"Which team was honored as one of the top two teams in the nation?","answer":"Team"}
{"text":["And from New York, Serena Blanchard, as in: From Serena, 1988. Thank you for being with us.","Thank you for having me.","Now, Ms.  Blanchard, you were only 8. So how did you wind up getting cited in this eminent textbook?","I wanted to write a poem for my father's book. I wanted to write an introduction. Apparently, he was looking for some form of dedication page. So I was tying my shoe one day, and I came up with a poem, and I offered it to my father and to Stan. But I think Dad can probably explain the rest from there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : I wanted to write a poem for my father's book. I wanted to write an introduction. Apparently, he was looking for some form of dedication page. So I was tying my shoe one day, and I came up with a poem, and I offered it to my father and to Stan. But I think Dad can probably explain the rest from there. Implicated meaning: A is explaining how she came up with a poem for her father's book in a spontaneous and unplanned manner. The phrase \"came up with\" implies that the idea for the poem suddenly occurred to her, without deliberate effort or prior intention.","questions":"Which page was PersonA's poem intended for?","answer":"Introduction"}
{"text":["You know, we have gone from this is a media hoax and fake news to calling it a witch hunt to saying that it was business as usual to meet with Russians about dirt on Hillary Clinton to saying that maybe we need to get out that pardoning power. The president is tweeting about this just this morning. He says he has complete and total pardon power but the only crimes that have been committed so far have been those of the leakers.","And of course, the background here is that Robert Mueller's investigating team - he's the special counsel looking into the Russia connection - may be looking to the larger reality of the Trump world's financial relationships with various Russians. And that may be what's prompting all this talk about investigating the investigators or pushing back on some of Mueller's hires or even using the pardon power.","I'll bet that the attorney general, Jeff Sessions, has had better weeks.","Oh, you know, indeed. We've had an overnight report, again from The Washington Post, that is based again on leaks from the U. S.  intelligence agencies. Apparently, there are intercepts of former Russian ambassador Sergey Kislyak reporting back to Moscow about his conversations with Jeff Sessions. We knew they had had conversations, but he has always said that they had nothing to do with the campaign. He was, of course, important to the Trump campaign for a senator who endorsed him. And he continues to stand by that statement this morning that he and Kislyak never talked about the campaign. But the Post says these intercepts show that Kislyak says differently."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"investigating the investigators\" and \"pushing back\" are also figurative language, not meant to be taken literally.","questions":"Which figurative language is used in the statement?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Absolutely. This is probably one of the most consequential elections in Israel in the last 10 years, since Netanyahu has been in power.","Daniel, thanks so much.","You're welcome.","That's NPR's Daniel Estrin."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : None of the turns have implied meanings that are different from their literal meanings. They all convey their literal meanings without any hidden or implied messages.","questions":"How consequential is the upcoming election in Israel? (Answer: consequential)","answer":"Consequential"}
{"text":["I have many objections. I do want to say, I think whistleblowing is a very important function in democracy. The problem I'm seeing increasingly is that instead of careful curated whistleblowing that takes public interest into account, what we are seeing is these mass-hacked emails just being dumped without any consideration for the privacy of the people.","And there's a lot of personal information that is being exposed. What this does - and this is what scares me - is that this method is going to be used in the future to any political organization - dissident organizations - that are trying to challenge power. And what they're going to end up seeing is that their personal information is going to be dumped for the world.","It looks like the method that started as a way to bring more challenge to secretive elites is actually now evolving into a method that is going to be very destructive to the ecology of dissent.","Professor, I'm sure write dumb emails every day. But I was told a number of years ago by a lawyer - and I'll bet Hillary Clinton and Huma Abedin have been told this by high-price lawyers, too - you never write an email that you wouldn't be willing to see on the front page of The New York Times."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of the fourth turn is that one should be careful when writing emails so that they wouldn't be embarrassed if they were published. However, the implied meaning is that one should be careful when writing emails because they may be exposed and used against them.","questions":"Which method is the speaker referring to in turn 2 that is becoming destructive to the ecology of dissent?","answer":"Method"}
{"text":["Are you - at the same time, though, you're in Moscow. Are you, a very smart man, naive to think that Vladimir Putin is going to give you asylum without expecting something in return?","All throughout the Cold War in the United States, we protected dissidents from the Soviet government. These are, you know, writers. These are speakers. These are physicists. These are not people who can benefit the United States government even if they had wanted to. And we protected them nonetheless because of the message it sent.","Now, the Russian government doesn't get many chances in this context internationally, on the global stage, to do the right thing. I have been criticizing the Russian government while I am here. What more can I do to satisfy you or any of these critics who hold these positions?The reality is there is nothing that will satisfy them because it is their suspicion, it is their skepticism, it is their distrust of the Russian government as an institution which is motivating this.","I mean, do I have to detail for you the ways in which the Putin government has earned (laughter) some suspicion?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Russian goverment doesn't get many chances to do the right thing where people all over the world will see and know about it.","questions":"Which government is referred to in turn 2?","answer":"Russian"}
{"text":["This week saw a victory for gun control advocates and a rare legal defeat for the firearms industry. The Connecticut Supreme Court ruled that families of victims of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting can sue the manufacturer of the rifle used in that attack. The gun-maker is Remington Arms Company. The gun used is the AR-15-style Bushmaster rifle. One of the plaintiffs in the case is David Wheeler. His 6-year-old son, Ben, was among the 26 people killed - 20 of them first-graders. David, welcome to the program.","Thank you, Melissa.","What does this news mean to you?","Well, it's complex. Of course, it's complicated. I have an emotional reaction and more of an intellectual reaction that, you know, bounce around in me at the same time. It's a relief, certainly, emotionally. But I understand the - or have some layman's understanding of the complex nature of this case. But more importantly, it's not what it means to me. I think it's what it means for all Americans, which is this is the justice system prevailing. This is the Connecticut State Supreme Court saying these people have a legitimate claim. And they deserve a day in court."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Connecticut State Supreme Court believes that the victims' families have a legitimate claim and deserve their day in court, which is a victory for all Americans","questions":"What is the name of the gun manufacturer that the families of the Sandy Hook shooting victims are suing?","answer":"Remington"}
{"text":["No. And this is just a temporary fix. We're now about to put in some type of permanent action to help them further.","Boy, you know, I know it went viral and there are a lot of people to thank, but I can't get over the fact that it began with you. And there are just so many of us who say, oh, that's terrible. Someone should do something. You decided to make yourself that someone.","Yeah. I mean, there was a lot of people pulling up, dropping off food, blankets, and that's fine. Well, below zero, the food was getting cold as soon as someone set it out there.","Yeah. Well, sounds like you've changed their lives and they've changed yours."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is being implied that setting out the food was a temporary fix.","questions":"What was the problem with setting out the food?","answer":"Getting"}
{"text":["When we lose sight of the importance of our Constitution and upholding our systems of justice, then we slide a little bit - not to sound dramatic, but we slide a little closer to anarchy. We in the criminal justice field have a moral, ethical and legal responsibility to uphold our systems of justice. And that's for the victims. I frankly don't really care about Jeffrey Epstein. But I care about our systems of justice, and these kinds of things just can't happen.","That's Cameron Lindsay. He's a former warden at three federal facilities, and he's been in top leadership posts and numerous others.","Mr.  Lindsay, thanks so much for talking to us today.","Thank you very much, ma'am."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : We do not physically slide closer to anarchy - this is a metaphor ","questions":"How does PersonA describe the process of moving closer to anarchy?","answer":"slide"}
{"text":["Now, your assessment is far more kind, I think, than that of the fan base. And I'm basing that on a tweet from the Tampa Bay Lightning Twitter feed, which said this. We don't have any words. We know you don't want to hear them. We understand your anger, your frustration, your sadness. Everything you're feeling, we get it. This isn't the ending we imagined and certainly not the one we wanted. Thank you for being there the entire way.","Have you ever seen a team this apologetic?","(Laughter) No, but they have a lot to apologize for. I mean, the only other team in the history of the four major sports that had this kind of success in the regular season and then didn't win a playoff game was the 2011 Green Bay Packers. They went 15 and 1 in the regular season and then lost to the New York Giants in the first round of the NFL playoffs. But in that case, we're talking about one game. This is a team that had four chances to win a game, and they couldn't do it.","And now Columbus is the toast of the NHL. Will there be a Blue Jackets bandwagon?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4): This turn actually means: \"Will people now start to support the Columbus Blue Jackets?\"","questions":"What team is mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Columbus"}
{"text":["Yeah. The embassy guards, it's kind of a, you know, a misperception. In any embassy they essentially protect the chancellery in the embassy and the ambassador's residence itself, and particularly to, you know, you get them into a safe place if there is an attack or to - and if that fails, to destroy the classified material and so forth.","They're not responsible for the overall external or internal security of the embassy compound per se. They can augment that and they have if necessary, but there is a diplomatic security mission that does that sort of thing, and then - obviously which didn't happen on this case. You're hoping that you've got a competent external protection from the host nation, which is responsible for the safety of the entire compound.","We're talking with retired Marine Colonel Gary Anderson about lessons learned from before and during the attack in Benghazi. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And any number of recommendations were made by the Pickering Mullen report. As you look at those, are they going to address the kinds of interagency communications problems that you're worried about?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Embassy guards don't provide overall security for the embassy compound","questions":"How do embassy guards provide security for the embassy compound?","answer":"Chancellery"}
{"text":["Basically, this conflict, it stems from a power struggle between two very big people in South Sudan, the president, Salva Kiir, and his former vice president, Riek Machar. You have two guys who couldn't be more different. Kiir's this former commander from the independence struggle, a man of few words, in his ubiquitous black cowboy hat. And Machar is a smooth-talking, British-educated guy with a green philosophy who happens to be a huge fan of Karl Rove.","Now, besides being different personalities, these guys are also different tribes. And the tribal aspect of this conflict is what's triggered the most horrific aspects of this war. That's the violence that the pre-genocide label gets attached to.","The United States has a lot at stake in South Sudan. It helped create the nation, first under President Bush and then President Obama in 2011. What's Secretary of State Kerry proposing?","Well, Secretary Kerry has been talking about this idea of a transitional government. It's kind of - if you remember, back in January they tried a ceasefire that was disrespected by both sides because it told people to stop fighting. It didn't address why they were fighting, which was to control the government."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the tribal aspect of this conflict has triggered the most horrific aspects of this war. The implied meaning is that the tribal divisions are at the root of the war and are responsible for the extreme violence.","questions":"Which aspect of the conflict triggered the most horrific aspects of the war?","answer":"Tribal"}
{"text":["The field is shrinking. That's the first thing that's happened. There are going to be 10 candidates and only 10. And for the first time, you're going to see the top three candidates standing next to each other in the center stage. That's Joe Biden, who's been leading the polls, Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders. And what most people are waiting to see is if there will be a Warren-Biden clash.","OK. So of those three candidates you just named, Joe Biden remains still at the top of the Democratic field. But he hasn't had really great debate performances. So the one question I have is, how much do debates really matter to the campaign?","You know, you can make an argument that the debates really haven't mattered much because look at Joe Biden. He's still on top of the field even though he has not had a good performance in the debates. Elizabeth Warren has moved up steadily, but not because of anything she did in the debates. It's because she's had all these plans, and she's performed well on the campaign trail. But in one sense, the debates are having an impact, and it's a negative one because the overall image of the Democrats and their policy ideas has gotten more negative among the general electorate as this debate season has gone on.","Interesting. The debates have not been great PR for the Democratic Party. Well, Elizabeth Warren has been gaining support the past few months. She's going to be facing Joe Biden onstage for the first time. What do you think her hardest challenges are going to be onstage?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The field is not getting physically smaller, it has less candidates. ","questions":"Which candidate is currently leading the polls according to turn 0?","answer":"Joe"}
{"text":["Other than describing him as a populist, can you describe his politics to us?","Well, he has a combination of sort of radicalism, and he doesn't want high-speed trains. He want the unemployment benefits for everyone. But also, he said he wants a referendum on the euro - which, of course, is completely the pie in the sky. But these he's got, also, some wise - says some wise things, says, for instance, we have to stop showering political parties with public money.","I know you, in the United States, you have different problems with money and politics. But in Europe, especially in Italy, too much money - public money, our money goes to political parties. He say: Two terms is enough in parliament. And he says things that, actually, sort of people like to hear. And that's why he could share those points. You could leave the populist and the radical things aside and find those things that he share with the Italian Democratic Party - which, by the way, is not that different from your Democratic Party. The big difference, that you have Obama, and in Italy, we have Bersani.","Well, a lot of people are interested in another name that begins with a B, and that is Berlusconi. He left office in disgrace. He is still facing numerous trials, and yet here he is, back, a major player once again."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The politician holds some wise ideas despite his radical and populist views.","questions":"Which views of the politician are radical and populist?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["It's the most remarkable story of evil coming out of Russia that I've seen in a long time. And what it shows is that they're not just messing with the election in the United States or doping in the Olympics. But they've got their tentacles into just about everything everywhere. This is one story that shows that.","I have to ask you, Mr.  Browder, there are plenty of people - and we hear from them - who are skeptical about Russia being seen at the center of so many allegations. And they say the U. S.  and the West are just crawling back into a destructive Cold War mentality. How do you answer that?","Well, I mean, Russia was responsible for shooting down MH17. Russia was responsible for invading Ukraine. Russia is responsible for taking away the chemical weapons in Syria that they didn't take away. Russia was responsible for having honest athletes in the Olympics when they did the whole doping program. I mean, Russia is the one who is making the trouble. Russia is really a sort of a nonentity when it comes to - the economy is the size of the state of New York. Their military budget is 5 percent of the U. S.  military budget. We shouldn't even be thinking about Russia other than the fact that they're sort of putting their nose into every bit of terrible activity all over the world.","Quick question - but it's important to get along, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are skeptics who believe that Russia is not at the center of allegations and the U.S. and the West are overreacting with a Cold War mentality.","questions":"Which country's involvement in various global issues is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Russia"}
{"text":["They have been sheltered. And now, several of - because Salvini said, I won't accept them unless other countries take them. And several other European countries have agreed to divide them up.","And meanwhile, in general, migrants are continuing to come to Europe in big numbers.","Not really. There's been a huge drop in the first six months of this year - 2,100, compared to about 14,300 the year before. That's an 85% drop.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : although there are still migrants coming to Europe, the number has significantly decreased.","questions":"Which number has significantly decreased?","answer":"Number"}
{"text":["Members of the Writers Guild of America are back at work today. The three-month labor dispute with Hollywood producers was put to rest last night. Members voted overwhelmingly to end the strike. The dispute centered on what writers should be paid for work distributed over the Internet. So did the writers get what they wanted?That's the question we pose now to Larry Wilmore. He's a member of the WGA's negotiating committee. He's a long-time television writer and producer, also the senior black correspondent for Comedy Central's \"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart. \"He's a clip of Larry on \"The Daily Show\" before the strike:","American blacks love African art, African clothes, African music. We're just not that crazy about Africans.","Frankly, they kind of overdo it, you know?So for blacks to support Obama, he's got to make up his mind. Is he African or American?Because he can't be both. That doesn't make sense.","You were so wrong, Larry. How are you doing?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"American blacks love African art, African clothes, African music. We're just not that crazy about Africans.\" The literal meaning of this turn is that American black people appreciate African culture but are not fond of African people. However, the actual meaning is that there is a cultural appreciation for African arts and music, but there is a disconnect with the people who produce them.","questions":"How do American black people feel about Africans?","answer":"Disconnect"}
{"text":["'Cause there are a lot of industries now that can point to the fact that they are using fewer people to sometimes produce even greater revenues.","Well, that's what using fewer people will sometimes do. It certainly will - using fewer people will increase the productivity of the people that you are using. And we had been living through an age where we are adapting to a transformative technology - the Internet. I mean, this has enormous effects on the workplace. But, you know, I'm a mere writer. I wouldn't even know how to begin to answer the question you just asked; how much of this is a fundamental shift in the economy and how much of it is a result of the way we've led our financial lives?","Michael Lewis, what should, in your mind, Americans learn from the financial crisis in Europe?","The thing that has interested me the most is the role of the big financial institutions in our economy. I think over the period of the last several decades, they have spun out of control; that they are too big to fail, which means that the normal sort of mechanism of a market economy is not allowed to work in a financial sector. That normal mechanism is creative destruction. It's, you know, someone builds a better one and the old one dies. And I would have thought the big lesson from the period of 2007, 2008 is that we can't really build an economy based on such institutions. It's like building your house on sand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A's statement \"It's like building your house on sand\" is a metaphorical expression, implying that an economy based on big financial institutions is unstable and likely to collapse. The actual meaning is not about building a physical house on sand, but rather using it as a comparison to convey a message about the inherent instability of such an economy.","questions":"What is the metaphorical expression used by PersonA to describe an economy based on big financial institutions?","answer":"Sand"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . \"Giant Steps\" is more like leaning forward in the passenger seat of a speeding racecar, (laughter) you know?","All right. Let's listen to another good album from 1959. This is \"Take Five\" from Dave Brubeck, his album \"Time Out. \"","If \"Kind Of Blue\" is sitting in an armchair with a martini or a cocktail, this - speaking of vices - feels like smoking in an alley to me.","(Laughter) And so much of that attitude comes from the sound of the alto saxophonist, Paul Desmond, who - actually, his tone was once described by a jazz critic in terms of a dry martini."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Paul Desmond's saxophone tone is crisp and sophisticated like a dry martini","questions":"What was Paul Desmond's saxophone tone compared to by a jazz critic?","answer":"Martini"}
{"text":["Well, if it's $135 million cut this year, I can envision an entire university being closed.","Meaning having to shut an entire campus.","We have three universities in our system and 13 community colleges all across the state. And so 135 million would be one of our universities and all of our community campuses.","What else in the immediate term are you considering doing or are you already doing to comply with this budget cut?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : system refers to the reality and not a computer or a program ","questions":"What does \"system\" mean?","answer":"Reality"}
{"text":["Well, yeah.","And - select which is the right kind of alcohol to put in there. Free test it.","Well, they - rum and bourbon.","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is asking A which type of alcohol is suitable for the recipe and wants A to try different types of alcohol to find the best one","questions":"What is PersonB's suggestion for finding the right type of alcohol?","answer":"Try"}
{"text":["I was singing that one time, and that line came out. I was like, we will always sing. We will always sing. And it's because when I think about the struggles that black Indigenous people of color face, that line of, we will always sing - that just kind of shows, no matter what, we're always going to be standing back up.","(Singing) Even when you look at me, your heart so full, I'll think of you from a nice place.","I know that you've been pretty vocal about being uncomfortable with white men at your shows.","Oh, yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : not a heart literally full of something, but full as in happy or content","questions":"What does \"full\" mean in turn 1?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["Well, it's just so different as to be almost unrecognizable to everything else they ever do. Well, first of all, there are over 4,000 credentialed members of the media. I have met many of these people, and I question their credentials. (Soundbite of laughter) But aside from the crush and the demands on their time, it is a weird travel schedule.","For a regular game, there is usually a week between games in the NFL. And a team will arrive in the visiting team's city usually, maybe, a day before the game. Here they arrive almost a week before the game. And that is just to accommodate the fact that the Super Bowl is this huge corporate affair, this huge media affair. So it's interviews and a little bit of practice, and interviews and a little bit of practice. And if a team losses focus, it could really hurt them come Sunday.","It sounds like a pretty intense week. Now, let's say I were a betting woman. Does this kind of hectic schedule favor one team over the other?","Well, you know, even if you weren't a betting woman, even if you were someone with, you know, who lives and dies with the Steelers or who bleeds Cardinals Burgundy - I think there probably are people like that - you might say that the Pittsburgh Steelers might have the edge, because in general, they are the more experienced team, having been to and won a Super Bowl just three years ago."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The comment about questioning their credentials is a joke. 'A' is just joking that some non-reporters are obtaining journalist credentials to see the game for free.","questions":"Which comment made by 'A' could potentially sway a betting woman towards Pittsburgh Steelers?","answer":"Credentials"}
{"text":["Well, Jo, when she came to Parliament in May 2015, she immediately began work on the Syria refugee crisis. She set up a cross party group of MPs to work on the issue. She was one of the first people to call for humanitarian aid drops to the besieged towns and cities of Syria. And she was instrumental in changing U. K.  government policy so that the conservative government has now agreed to take 3,000 unaccompanied Syrian refugee children who are in desperate need of our help, solidarity and support. And so in that short one year, one month in Parliament, she made a tremendous difference. People had already marked her down as a rising star in the Labour Party.","And we should remember, she had a young family, I gather.","Jo had two young children, age 3 and 5, and she was talking about how one of them had chickenpox only the other day. She (inaudible) houseboat with her husband Brendan and the children. And it is so hard for people to come to terms with this senseless death. And we are shocked to the core.","Campaigning has been temporarily suspended in the referendum that's coming up in just a few days about whether Britain should stay in the European Union or leave. Could you tell us something about the political atmosphere in Britain as you see it now as this important referendum approaches?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : implies that the speaker is impressed with how Jo was able to balance her work with parenting; (3) implies that the speaker is expressing disbelief and dismay at the tragedy of Jo's death; (4) implies that the speaker is asking for an opinion on the current political atmosphere in Britain","questions":"How did Jo make a tremendous difference in Parliament?","answer":"Syria"}
{"text":["Is Joaquin Guzman, El Chapo, any less of a folk hero to some Mexicans now that he's been recaptured?","That was also a discussion, if Sean Penn's piece was portraying him as a hero. And I don't think that in Mexico we consider El Chapo a hero, not as Pablo Escobar was considered a hero in Colombia back in the '80s. People know that El Chapo is not a hero. People know that he's a criminal, that he has committed murders, that he was one of the most wanted men in the world. So I don't think that people consider him a hero. He's just a character that people are wondering about and are very curious about.","Has the Mexican government tried to spin this story, as we might say?","Yeah, the Mexican government, I think that has been very intelligent in sharing some information with some newspapers, with some TVs, giving a little bit, giving cookies to different media to portray different stories about El Chapo. And I think that what they're trying to do is to actually stop the Mexican people believing that El Chapo is a hero. And they're attacking him where it hurts most to a Mexican man - machismo. So they're actually portraying a drug lord who wasn't able to perform sexually. So they're giving all these details now about El Chapo having surgery to perform better as a lover. But I think that's actually quite a shaming and quite embarrassing for a man in Mexico."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  In turn (4), \"they're attacking him where it hurts most to a Mexican man - machismo\" implies that the Mexican government is trying to discredit El Chapo by bringing up stories of his allegedly poor sexual performance.","questions":"How is the Mexican government discrediting El Chapo?","answer":"Discrediting"}
{"text":["What happened with Dr.  Strauss was upsetting. It was one night in your life. How has it stayed with you over the years?What's it done to your life since then?","So that building was fairly close to campus. And so for the next probably three, four or five years, you know, I went by that building a lot. It was hard to relive what's going in there. Again, you just kind of bottle it up and put it away. I'm, you know, upset with Ohio State. But I'm upset with Strauss, but he's dead. So I'm even more upset that Ohio State, a large institution that I have significant ties to and that I - you know, I met my wife there, asked her to marry me, have lots of friends from there. I've donated my time, donated money. And now I'm finding out that they failed me.","When the box opened back up on Memorial Day, I've had trouble sleeping at night. I sometimes wake up the middle of the night and see him standing over me doing what he's doing. And I still - there's one picture of him on the - a local TV station and Columbus' website - a color picture that I can't look at. If I see it, I just get sick to my stomach. So the box has been opened back up now, and it's been a struggle.","What would you like the university to do at this point in your life?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Bob feels betrayed by Ohio State for failing him despite his significant ties to the institution.","questions":"What institution has Bob donated his time and money to?","answer":"Ohio"}
{"text":["Yeah. To learn street - Glasgow street language.","They must have - well, a few particular words must have stuck to their vocabulary.","They spring to mind immediately, don't they?","Our guest is Billy Connolly. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION, from NPR News. And there is a lot of material, it would seem to me, that would go over better in Scotland than it would here. How do you have to change to adapt to audiences?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Adapting to different audiences requires changing language and material used.","questions":"Which action is necessary to adapt to different audiences?","answer":"Changing"}
{"text":["Hopelessness and uncertainty.","Are people trying to leave, and is that something you've considered?","Many people have no choice. And they think - the only thing - I can leave the country. But how can they do that with the huge amount of limitations on Iranians' travelings (ph) and economical limits?They cannot do that. It is very, very difficult for them. And now we see a lot of Iranians who are abroad the country who are evacuating. They cannot do it anymore because of the higher dollar prices. They have to return to the country. It is very difficult situation for them.","Well, thank you so much for speaking with us and sharing your story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Iranians are struggling to leave the country due to limitations and economic difficulties.","questions":"Which country are Iranians struggling to leave due to limitations and economic difficulties?","answer":"Iran"}
{"text":["Let me ask you about what are called battleground states in this coming election. I'll rattle off Florida, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Is there early voting there?Will people take advantage of it?","Absolutely. Florida - it'll be - approximately 40 percent of the ballots will come in early, perhaps a higher number. Half of those will come in early in person. Ohio also has a lot of early voting. Pennsylvania - no. Pennsylvania still only allows for excuse-required absentee balloting. So in Pennsylvania, they still wait until Election Day.","And, Scott, this is going to change the dynamics in those states so that you will expect to see early rallies timed when the early voting period opens up, likely in Florida, Ohio, North Carolina. The candidates' travel schedule will reflect this because they want to follow up that kind of enthusiasm and get people to the polls right away.","And are more people voting early now not because they have to but because they just want to?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"change the dynamics\" means to alter the way things are done","questions":"What will the candidates' travel schedule reflect in Florida, Ohio, and North Carolina?","answer":"Enthusiasm"}
{"text":["The best thing you can do is to reach the end of the campaign and have people say, well, we got a fair look at the candidates from the beginning to the end. We got a fair look at the two nominees of the major parties. We got a fair look at the third party candidates. And we got a fair look at all the competitors back in the primaries. I don't think you can say that at all is going to be exactly the same number of minutes devoted to each.","For example, Bob Barr, the Libertarian Party candidate will not get nearly as much coverage as the two major party candidates. And we will try but we will probably not achieve absolute perfect mathematical equalness of numbers in the minutes and seconds to go to each of the two major party candidates, but we will try.","So, NPR's White House correspondent, Don Gonyea is with Senator Obama in Jordan, today. So, is his reporting there going to get the bulk of the news today?","Not really the bulk. There will be a four-minute report from Don Gonyea on All Things Considered tonight. We did get him briefly into the newscast that you've just heard a few moments ago. And we did get a little bit of an update to what he had done for this morning's Morning Edition. But we also had a discussion of John McCain's campaign on in Morning Edition right after that. And there will be a discussion of what John McCain is saying right this minute at his note town hall in New Hampshire on that same All Things Considered tonight, of about the same length as Don Gonyea's report from Amman, Jordan."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a fair look implies being favorable or positively minded about something ","questions":"What does turn 0 imply?","answer":"Favorability"}
{"text":["You described some playwrights, Beckett, for example, as somebody whose work seems to back away from you the closer you get it. But Miller's play, you say, is not like that.","No. It wasn't like - my experience with Chekhov and Beckett was just what you call - that they get harder and harder as you go. But with \"Salesman,\" surprisingly, because it's fully as great a play as those others, it did welcome us and come toward us day by day. And then, we did a fairly smart thing, which is that we had a workshop just for ourselves for almost a month, and nobody ever saw it and we didn't perform it, but we just worked on it. And then as per plan, we went away for over three and a half months.","And then when we came back, we went into rehearsal and then finally got onstage and did it. And the three and a half months living and doing other things made a surprisingly big difference. It just sank into everybody and took enormous strides all on its own, and that was both exciting and surprising in its extent. And also, it was a clue to what was going to continue to happen, which is that it just burrowed deeper and deeper into the actors and they - into one another, and they have become a family. And they're - what goes on between them is - I've never seen - in my experience, I've never seen it quite like this.","Philip Seymour Hoffman obviously plays the lead role. Is - did the play come first or the actor come first?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Miller's play 'Salesman' was surprisingly welcoming and approachable despite being a great play.","questions":"Which play was surprisingly approachable despite being great?","answer":"Salesman"}
{"text":["Yeah. Then we got to get to gambling. How did that enter your life?","Oh, man. By the time my body broke - my body literally broke from overuse. It broke from not sleeping. It broke from not eating. The only thing I turned to that brought me some sort of feeling was gambling. And so every cent that I made from a particular date until another date, probably for, like, 6 years, went to casinos. And it was hard to write about that. It was harder to write about that than it was to write about different forms of abuse that I talked about in that book.","Because you were implicated in this in a way. You're the victim in one, and you're the, in a sense, the perpetrator in the gambling.","Well, I'm definitely the perpetrator, but in my family, you know, I think because I am from Mississippi and so much of Mississippi black labor has been taken from us, I think there's a shame when we show people and tell people that the money that we are able to make we aren't able to keep - right?- and especially if it's tied to a kind of, like, mental illness. So I started to understand halfway through my gambling addiction that I wasn't going to the casino to win, though I told myself that's exactly what I was going to do. I was going to creatively lose as much as possible. I wanted to drive back home that two hours feeling absolutely like trash."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : broke implies having bodily injury and not referring to being financially ruined ","questions":"What caused the author to turn to gambling?","answer":"Not-sleeping\/Not-eating"}
{"text":["Hey, Lulu.","So, Gene, let's start by looking at the money involved in big-time college sports. You looked specifically at the Power Five.","Yup, the Power Five conferences - the SEC, the Big Ten, the Big 12, the Pac-12, and the ACC. They win all the trophies, and they make all the money. According to ESPN, in 2015, they made $6 billion.","Six billion?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B wants to discuss the financial aspect of big-time college sports.","questions":"Which conference made $6 billion according to ESPN in 2015?","answer":"Revenue"}
{"text":["Struggling yes, and because our ballots were delivered late this time. There was a delay in approval from the State Board of Elections which affected everybody in the state really. Consequently, the printer had to work all weekend to get the absentee ballots to us and he walked in about two o'clock yesterday afternoon. So then of course we had three volunteers yesterday afternoon folding those eight and a half by fourteen ballots and putting them in the - in a sealed envelope that then goes in the pack that we had previously prepared.","We've been hearing that there is a big increase in the number of people who want to vote early this year about a third of all voters nationwide. Are you seeing that where you are, an increase?","Well we don't have early voting in Virginia in the same sense that North Carolina for instance does. In Virginia you have to have a reason, one of the reasons listed on the absentee application for needing to vote absentee.","What are those reasons?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The late delivery of absentee ballots caused a lot of work for us","questions":"What caused the extra work?","answer":"Delay"}
{"text":["There's been considerable criticism of even this temporary deal in advance - in the U. S.  Congress, as you note; in Israel, in Saudi Arabia. How do we understand the ground of those disagreements?","Well, on paper a lot of the criticism seems overblown. I mean, it's more an argument about unintended consequences. As the Obama administration describes this package, the relief is just a fraction of what Iran is going to continue to lose over the next six months, if there is a deal. In the oil sector alone, Iran's losing an estimated $5 billion a month. And officials say there's no way they're going to get $25 billion out of what's on the table here. But the latest argument from the opponents is more psychological. If the international business community senses that there is a trend towards lifting sanctions altogether, there could be some kind of a rush to get in early, start doing business again, beat out the competition. So, if you don't trust Iran, and apparently don't trust the business community either, there is an argument to be made that the value of this sanctions relief could turn out to be higher.","NPR's Peter Kenyon in Geneva. Thank you so much.","You're welcome, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of this turn is to express gratitude for Peter Kenyon's contribution.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue expresses the possible consequences of lifting sanctions altogether?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["My reaction to the reaction is that it was spearheaded by the Daily Mail, which is really an out-and-out - almost a racist enterprise. It's - Daily Mail has been one of the most strenuous advocates for Brexit. But they were also avoiding some of the serious themes of the piece.","Well, let's talk about some of those things. Diana was famously involved with Dodi Fayed 20 years ago. And there was a lot of talk then. Now Harry is marrying Meghan Markle, as we mentioned, who is biracial. So have things changed?What does that say about the United Kingdom now?","I think that Britain is in a very strange place because the royals are kind of - as somebody said to me from the families, they're sort of one bright spot. Like, they're young. They're dynamic. They represent something that's very sort of inspiring when everything else is actually very gray because there's been this sort of political convulsion that was Brexit.","Do you think the royal family can really survive in a time when we have other kinds of celebrities that cost the taxpayer nothing?I mean, clearly, a lot of hopes are being placed on not only Meghan Markle and Prince Harry but the other younger royals like Prince William."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The comparison between Diana and Dodi who had an affair and Harry marrying Meghan Markle who is considered to be biracial simply implies that the UK political affairs can not improve either with race mixture or not.","questions":"Which couple is compared to Harry and Meghan Markle in the statement?","answer":"DianaandDodi"}
{"text":["Absolutely. This is probably one of the most consequential elections in Israel in the last 10 years, since Netanyahu has been in power.","Daniel, thanks so much.","You're welcome.","That's NPR's Daniel Estrin."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : None of the turns have implied meanings that are different from their literal meanings. They all convey their literal meanings without any hidden or implied messages.","questions":"What type of election is being referred to in the dialogue?","answer":"Upcoming"}
{"text":["And he was saying how we, you know, you here have been so fortunate. You've got to help. We need you. And then he pauses, and he says, for example, there's a young man sitting in this church today, my friends in New York, whom I respect. They tell me that this young man, his brain has been touched by God. But this young man told me something about himself, and I had the chance to meet him. His father was a chauffer and a gardener. His mother was a maid and a cook. And I said, oh, lord. I started, like, trying to hide in my seat. But he started really telling the story that was classic of many professionals. If somebody went and work for them, either their parents or grandparents that made it possible for them to have an education.","And then, he paused again. He said, you know, but he has forgotten from where he came. And I thought for a moment \u2014 because a - like a video of my mother, particularly when my father came up, and I started to cry. I mean, these tears came down. So I said this service is over. I didn't say a word, I just walked over and talked with my hand and I said, Dr.  King, when do you want me to leave?","Mm-hmm. And then you went onto work on what is Reverend King's most famous or certainly most quoted speech, the \"I Have a Dream\" speech. Now, today you can hear that speech used in a lot of different contexts. It's, in some ways, become background music for Black History Month, you know?","Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"he has forgotten from where he came\" - This turn is also figurative and not meant to be taken literally. It is used to describe someone who has become successful and wealthy but has lost touch with their humble beginnings.","questions":"What does the turn \"he has forgotten from where he came\" describe?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So boys are broken. What did you mean by that?","I want to clarify that I am not an expert in gender studies. I'm not an expert really in anything, other than maybe '80s music. And so my thoughts are reflective on my experiences and the experiences of people around me and my observations after living 46 years as a dude. What do I mean by boys are broken?I think it means that there is something going on with American men that is giving them the permission and space to commit violence. And one of the main things we focus on correctly is guns and mental health, but I think deeper than that is a problem, a crisis in masculinity.","You wrote in this that the last 50 years redefined womanhood. Women were taught that they can be anything. No commensurate movement for men, who are still generally locked to the same rigid, outdated model of masculinity. And it's killing us. When you say that there's this rigid masculinity, what do you mean by that - that men aren't able to express themselves?","Partially, yeah. I also think that masculinity doesn't have a language in the way that femininity has come to have a language. We understand that femininity can be much more broadly encompassing than masculinity now. When you think of a strong woman, that doesn't rob her of any of her femininity. But when you think of a fragile man, that has the effect culturally, I think, of neutering that guy. And so much of masculinity is rooted in sexuality."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Boys are broken implies that there is a crisis in masculinity giving American men the permission and space to commit violence.","questions":"Which gender experiences a crisis according to the statement?","answer":"men"}
{"text":["Well, the president really is his own brand. And that's kind of a double-edged sword - right?- for Democrats. You know, there's an opportunity for them to legislate with the president. At the same time, there has been, you know, voter research that has shown that voters don't necessarily view President Trump as a dyed-in-the-wool Republican.","He's really his sort of own brand. And so the question is whether voters are going to want to punish Republicans, you know, for what they may see as the president's inability to perform, if that, in fact, turns out to be the case. Hopefully, there's going to be some legislative victories coming here in the next few months, particularly on taxes.","But, yeah, the president's going to zig, and he's going to zag. And in the meantime, I think the Republicans are going to have to do their best to try to muscle through an agenda. And the big one coming up for them is going to be this debate over taxes.","When you say muscle through an agenda, the implication is they've got to twist arms in their own party?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The President's lack of loyalty to the Republican Party may lead to voters punishing Republicans in the upcoming election.","questions":"How might the President's brand affect Democrats?","answer":"Democrats"}
{"text":["Well, the short answer's yes. The deforestation program in Brazil has been enormously successful. Between 2004 and 2012, deforestation fell by more than 80%. That's a shocking success. The challenge is that since 2012, deforestation has ticked up. There's also been a backlash against some of the environmental policies that were put in place under the former government.","Well, as we mentioned, Germany and Norway recently decided to pull their funding out of this Amazon Fund. What made them do that, specifically?","So this is largely an international response to concerns that deforestation is on the rise. And in particular, it's a response to the rhetoric that the administration of Jair Bolsonaro has been putting out. Bolsonaro has basically said to the people in the country that deforestation is OK, development at all costs is OK.  And a lot of scientists fear that that message is starting to take hold, that landowners in the hinterlands in the Amazon are starting to listen, and now they're burning their fields and they're taking advantage of this.","So do you think this latest move by Norway and Germany to freeze their funds could actually sway Bolsonaro?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Bolsonaro didn't literally say deforestation is okay, but his policies suggest he won't try to stop deforestation.","questions":"What was Bolsonaro's message regarding deforestation?","answer":"OK"}
{"text":["It's a really exciting time for us, Ira, to - it's only five years in, and it's been a tremendous success story for the company. Handsets really have taken off. We're at a point now where almost half of all handsets in the world made are smartphones with some type of touch capability.","And then I'm sure you know of tablet computers, are very exciting, have grown quite magnificently in the last few years. And the market is starting to think about expanding touch interfaces with the different devices. If you think about your laptop computer, for example, or monitors or tabletops, even the front of a refrigerator, there's a lot more applications out there, we feel.","We feel that touch and the interface of touch is only going to grow.","Do you have to design and engineer the glass specifically to be touched as a utility?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The actual meaning is that smartphones with touch capabilities have become very popular, not that handsets have literally taken off.","questions":"How has the touch capability of smartphones impacted the market?","answer":"Popular"}
{"text":["Work on voter registration, voter mobilization, education, coalition building, work together to help end the war in Iraq and Afghanistan. Reinvest in America. Convince young America that they really do have the power to change the course of the country. We must have a renewed and multiracial and multicultural coalition. These are the things that I've revolved my work around, and I intend to be pushing them real hard this summer and fall.","And do you think you'd go out on the stump with him if he wanted you to, or does he want you to?","Whatever proximity he wants. You know, he must make that decision, you know, as to who, you know, that campaign, you know, you have consultants, you have advisors, you have surrogates, you have supporters. I'm a strong supporter and have been so since before he announced, and I will continue supporting because I believe he represents the right side of history for all of America and really for the world.","Well, Reverend Jackson, thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is willing to support the campaign in any way he can","questions":"Which way is PersonA willing to support the campaign?","answer":"Any"}
{"text":["Of course.","Why if the students two were traveling in five buses - why the target was just two?And also, these two buses were exactly the two buses that the army and the Federal Police - start to monitor it since three hours before. I mean, these two buses were the two buses where the students were traveling from the school to Iguala. Why?So what I was able to found is that in these two buses were inside in secret parts of the bus. . .","The secret compartment.",". . . Yes - heroin - 2 millions of heroin. They. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Secret compartment where they stored the \"illegal stuff\" on the bus.","questions":"What was stored in the secret compartment on the bus?","answer":"heroin"}
{"text":["I have many objections. I do want to say, I think whistleblowing is a very important function in democracy. The problem I'm seeing increasingly is that instead of careful curated whistleblowing that takes public interest into account, what we are seeing is these mass-hacked emails just being dumped without any consideration for the privacy of the people.","And there's a lot of personal information that is being exposed. What this does - and this is what scares me - is that this method is going to be used in the future to any political organization - dissident organizations - that are trying to challenge power. And what they're going to end up seeing is that their personal information is going to be dumped for the world.","It looks like the method that started as a way to bring more challenge to secretive elites is actually now evolving into a method that is going to be very destructive to the ecology of dissent.","Professor, I'm sure write dumb emails every day. But I was told a number of years ago by a lawyer - and I'll bet Hillary Clinton and Huma Abedin have been told this by high-price lawyers, too - you never write an email that you wouldn't be willing to see on the front page of The New York Times."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of the fourth turn is that one should be careful when writing emails so that they wouldn't be embarrassed if they were published. However, the implied meaning is that one should be careful when writing emails because they may be exposed and used against them.","questions":"How does the lawyer's advice relate to the implied meaning of turn 3?","answer":"Exposed"}
{"text":["Well, you know, everything was coming from me, so it was a big more relaxed. The process was very organic because, you know, I didn't intend to write a book or to create these paintings for a book. I was just doing this out of the love for the subject.","But, you know, the more and more I became familiar with this story that, you know, I figured that I really wanted to tell this story in a book and share this story with others because it was so inspirational. It's a great story of perseverance and innovation and pride and excellence amidst adversity.","When African-Americans were confronted with a ban from playing Major League Baseball at the end of the 19th century, they loved baseball so much that they wanted to form their own league. They wanted to form their own grand stage which would allow them to play baseball for a living. And that grand stage became the Negro Leagues, one of the most profitable and successful African-American-owned businesses of all time.","Now you had a unique way of preparing for the book, especially the way you got ready to do the paintings. Tell me how you used the uniform as a way to psyche yourself up.","Well, what I wanted to do was to shed new light on this subject and show this - share this history in a very new way, and I wanted to show new images from the Negro Leagues that have never been seen before. and the only way I could do that really was through this medium, the painted medium."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"shed new light on this subject\" - This phrase is used figuratively to mean providing new and insightful information about a subject, rather than literally illuminating something.","questions":"Which phrase is used figuratively to mean providing new and insightful information about a subject?","answer":"shed"}
{"text":["Yeah, you and I are on the same page. I think that's craziness. I don't like temporary tax reductions. I don't like temporary legislative fixes, generally. I want to see permanent legislative fixes. So I am against the fact that they are temporary, but I'd rather have, as a person who pays these taxes, as a middle-income person - I'd rather have seven years of tax reduction than what the Democrats were proposing, which was a trillion dollars in increased taxes.","I'd like to talk about the political ramifications. By and large, polls show this isn't popular, and it pushes through some very substantial changes in the financial lives of Americans. Do you think that there will be a cost come 2018?","No, I think what we're going to see is if the economic effects of this are positive, then it will have positive political ramifications. For the most part - and again, I'm just talking regular people. Regular people vote with their wallets. If the economy continues to improve, and we're seeing robust growth - the last growth number was 3. 3 percent, which is extraordinary higher than anything we saw in the Obama era. If that kind of growth continues, if real job growth continues, if real wage growth continues, we're going to see a wave election for Republicans.","And how do you think the deficit problems will be resolved?How are you hoping that that will be addressed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A implies that positive economic effects of the tax reductions will have positive political developments for the Republicans","questions":"Which party does PersonA imply will benefit from positive economic effects of tax reductions?","answer":"Republicans"}
{"text":["Is this a book about how someone becomes a terrorist?","In part. I talk about this as a sort of - as a Genesis moment for the book. But I remember distinctly I was watching this interview with a foreign affairs expert. And it was in the wake of the - there had been these sort of protests in an Afghan village against the U. S.  military presence in Afghanistan.","And the interviewer's question was something along the lines of, why do they hate us so much?And as part of his answer, this expert noted that sometimes the U. S.  forces have to go conduct these nighttime raids in these villages. And when they do this, they'll sometimes have to hold the women and children up at gunpoint. And they'll tear the places apart. And then he added, you know, in Afghan culture, this sort of thing is considered very offensive.","And I thought, you know, name me one culture on earth that wouldn't consider this sort of thing offensive?And so part of the book is - has to do with this idea that we all suffer the same way, and we become damaged by suffering in the same way regardless of which part of the world we grew up in or what we believe."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning: The expert states that in Afghan culture, the described actions are perceived as highly offensive. The implied meaning: The expert implies that such actions are universally considered offensive and not limited to Afghan culture.","questions":"How does the expert suggest that Afghan culture perceives the described actions?","answer":"Offense"}
{"text":["Well, I think it's complicated, to be honest with you. I think part of it is that I wanted to appear strong. I wanted to appear as if I could suck it up and take whatever came my way with a sense of humor. I wanted to be taken seriously and not, you know, is one of those women who somehow was overly emotional or naggy or, you know, to complain about, you know, the things that were often said to me or in my presence about other women. And so for me, that was constantly an inner conflict that I was trying to manage. And frankly, there was a lot of productivity probably that went into having to manage that kind of thing that really is real.","Do you think that culture drove out women from the national security environment?I mean, women working in that sect are vastly outnumbered by men?","There's no doubt. We all have our own red lines and our own saturation points that we get to with us. But there's absolutely no doubt. And I say that on the basis of - you know, of data because of women coming to me over time. And sometimes their reasons for leaving were cloaked in other things. But I think that very clearly for a lot of them who were willing to, you know, be a bit more forthright in why they were choosing to leave was the exhaustion.","What is the impact in your view when you don't have women in senior leadership positions?What do women bring to the table?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The lack of women in national security is due to cultural factors which prevents them.","questions":"Which factor is preventing women from working in the national security sector?","answer":"culture"}
{"text":["You know, it's quite clear that it is a cherry-picked narrative. But reading it makes you wonder if that's an insult to cherries.","(Laughter) Which, after all, have many valuable antioxidants. Before it was released, a lot of Democrats said the result of releasing the memo would be catastrophic. Last night and today, many Democrats seem to be saying, is that all you got?Are you kidding?","Well, for some, it's more a dud than a slam dunk. But at the same time, of course, the Democrats want to release their own memo - their critique memo - their response or rebuttal. And that's going to be the big focus when we get back here on Monday.","Rod Rosenstein - long for his position in the Justice Department?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Rod Rosenstein - long for his position in the Justice Department?\" Implicated meaning: The speaker is using a play on words to express their opinion on Rod Rosenstein's future in the Justice Department. \"Long\" can mean both \"having worked in a position for a long time\" and \"desiring something strongly.\" The speaker suggests that Rosenstein may be both reluctant to leave his position and actively seeking to stay in it.","questions":"What is the possible double meaning of the word \"long\" used by the speaker when referring to Rod Rosenstein's position in the Justice Department?","answer":"Double"}
{"text":["I am. I am. Otherwise I would've been scared to go fishing at the fishing places I was going to. Or I would've been scared to go hang out with my friends at the end of this road in the field, like, you know I'm saying?I didn't think - I didn't have to think about those things. I just got to be me and form my own opinions.","(Singing) See, I'm black. I'm not white, but I'm that. No. No. I'm this, right?I'm one drop of three-fifths, right?","Toward the end, you're questioning. You're like, wait, I'm this?No. I'm that?No. I'm one drop of three-fifths?And it struck me as unusual for you - an unusual way to deliver a song. Do you have questions about your identity?Are there things that, for you, are still not answered?","Well, to me, growing up, I was just an oddity no matter where I went. It was like - you feel me?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker feels like an outsider wherever they go.","questions":"How does the speaker feel wherever they go?","answer":"Outsider"}
{"text":["Hi, how are you?","I'm fine, and we're very glad to have you. Let me ask you about South Carolina's primary, the first in the South. This is supposed to clear out some of the underbrush and let us see which candidates are survivors, also to show us something about this region. Could you give us a thumbnail sketch of why South Carolina matters?","South Carolina, because it's the first in the South, is the first test candidates face as whether or not they will have Southern appeal. And that's a big deal because the entire 11-state South makes up 59 percent of all the Electoral College votes you need to win the presidency in the general election. So if a Republican candidate in the modern era can sweep the South, they become president. But if a Democratic candidate can crack the South with two states, they become president. And South Carolina is the first test of support in this region.","Up to this point now, we've been watching Republican voters react to Donald Trump and Republican candidates try to overtake him. Is South Carolina in 2016 in some kind of position to clarify that?Should we look for anybody to break out maybe in the GOP debate tonight, or is Trump just going to sail through South Carolina and presumably the South?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Turn (3) contains idiomatic expressions with non-literal meanings:  \"Southern appeal\" refers to the ability of a political candidate to win support in the South, rather than a literal physical attraction to the region. \"Crack the South\" means to win electoral votes in Southern states, rather than physically breaking the region.","questions":"Which expressions in turn 2 have non-literal meanings?","answer":"Southern,Crack"}
{"text":["So, you know, it was a very, very gutsy move because he and I, we didn't have a quarter. And I'm sure you're saying, well, how did you open up a restaurant without any money?Well, my grandmother, who was in her 90s, was gracious enough and had enough faith and confidence in us to use her house as collateral, and we took out a small 20,000 dollar loan, opened up a 2,000-square-foot restaurant in 1988.","And, the first day we opened, we were dead broke. We didn't have a cash register. There were so many things that we didn't have that I wouldn't dare try to open up a restaurant in today's time without. But in less than the two years - we leased the building for two years - in two years, not only had we paid my grandmother her money back, but we had saved 40,000 dollars. And we took that money and used it as a down payment and purchased our first restaurant.","Well, you know, I want to go to you, Gina, because I understand that there was a reunion at which you two reconnected. Tell me about that, first of all.","Pat and I dated in high school. As a matter of fact, our parents went to the same high school, and we got back together - we dated all through high school, we broke up, of course, and then we got back together at our 10-year reunion."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"dead broke\" - This means that they had no money, rather than literally being physically broken or dead.","questions":"How were they on the first day of opening the restaurant?","answer":"broke"}
{"text":["Good morning, Lulu.","So it seems a little strange to be talking about why something doesn't matter, but here we are, saying President Trump's budget - which is being released tomorrow - suddenly isn't that important. How did that happen?","Presidents' budgets are always political documents. They're not a piece of legislation, but they do express the president's priorities. And, of course, the cliche is to say that the president's budget is dead on arrival on Capitol Hill. This one is probably dead as a doornail. And the reason is that Republicans and Democrats just passed a massive, two-year spending bill, which raises the caps for domestic and defense spending. And the White House was mostly a bystander in those negotiations. So what the president says in his budget tomorrow will not affect spending very much. Congress probably won't be passing a 2019 budget resolution. The bottom line is, in this instance, Congress seems to be ignoring the president.","Oh, OK. But when the budget comes out tomorrow, the spotlight will probably turn to White House budget director Mick Mulvaney, right?He was famously hawkish on the deficit when he was in Congress. What will he have to say?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Presidents' budgets are mostly for show and have little impact on spending","questions":"What is the clich\u00e9 used to describe the fate of a president's budget on Capitol Hill?","answer":"Dead"}
{"text":["Yeah, exactly. The case of China is interesting because China makes it a practice in its Africa policy to claim non-interference in a country's politics. And that makes it a favorite in places like Sudan and like Zimbabwe, which have some very basic problems. But these African countries also have natural resources that China desires. And so there's this quid pro quo, so to speak.","And Russia, of course, is, you know, perhaps arguably the world's largest supplier of illicit arms, and that's, you know, a connection, as well. And, of course, North Korea has trained some Zimbabwean soldiers and has a good relationship with Mugabe. So you can see there's a connection.","Absolutely. Professor Keller, thank you so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) In turn (2), the speaker implies that there is a connection between Russia's illicit arms trade, North Korea's relationship with Mugabe, and Zimbabwe's political situation.","questions":"Which country desires natural resources in African countries like Sudan and Zimbabwe?","answer":"China"}
{"text":["So Flame has - so far they've found about 20 modules that can be swapped in and out, and they do everything from turning on the internal microphone and webcam on your computer, this way that they could record conversations that you have over Skype or conversations that you have in the room, in the vicinity of the computer.","It takes screenshots of your communications. They seem particularly interested in any email communications or instant messaging communication that you do. It also turns your computer into a Bluetooth beacon. So if you have Bluetooth enabled on your computer, they will turn that on and do a discovery for other Bluetooth-enabled devices in the vicinity, such as a phone, and they will use your computer to then siphon the contact information that is in any phone in the area.","Wow. Wow.","Why all those things?I mean, what's the reason for that?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"swapped in and out\" is a figurative expression that means different modules can be inserted or removed from the Flame software.","questions":"Which expression in turn 0 is a figurative expression?","answer":"20"}
{"text":["Right.",". . . Take me as I am. How did people perceive that?","Well, yeah. It's funny to think back. I shaved it all off because I didn't want to be a sex object. And there I was playing in bars, you know, mostly surrounded by men with drinks in their hands. And I was getting attention for not the right reasons. I wanted a different kind of power, I think.","(Singing) I am not a pretty girl. That is not what I do. I ain't no damsel in distress."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker does not conform to traditional gender roles.","questions":"How does the speaker define herself?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["They came out weekly. So a reader really would get their news day to day in the mainstream paper or on the radio. But this aspect of racial pride and presenting stories of achievement and success and issues was so important for readers of the time because this is the only place you would see lengthy stories of interest to blacks.","Nancy, we don't have very much time, so very briefly, tell us how she actually was tracked by the government. I mean, comic strips were considered political at this point, and she was investigated by the Justice Department. Just tell us very briefly.","Yes, well, I knew she must have had some kind of surveillance, because her topics were so political. She took on the arms race, the Cold War, freedom of speech. She even named President Truman and talked about the Korean War. So, you know, I made a request at the Justice Department, and I did get her file.","But what was interesting is they did not mention her cartoons. They were interested in her friends and associations and investigated her because of those. And she was with intellectuals and artists and others who - yes, I'm sure some were communists, but many were anti-communists, and she certainly was not a communist. But they followed her, and they had informants watching out for her for about 10 years."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"this is the only place you would see lengthy stories of interest to blacks.\" This turn does not mean that it was the only place where black people could read stories of interest to them. It means that mainstream newspapers and radio stations did not cover stories of interest to black people extensively.","questions":"Which community did mainstream newspapers and radio stations fail to cover stories of interest to extensively?","answer":"Blacks"}
{"text":["In Brazil, at least 55 prison inmates are dead - strangled or stabbed after fights broke out in four different prisons over the weekend. Officials blame gang violence and say they're transferring some of these inmates to other prisons. Reporter Catherine Osborn is on the line from Rio.","Good morning, Catherine.","Morning.","So what is going on with these gangs in Brazilian prisons?This is a lot of people dead.","Yeah. Many drug gangs that operate outside of jails in Brazil in activities like drug trafficking and extortion operate and recruit from inside of the jails. And they're so powerful inside the prisons that, right after arriving, people join the gangs to get some small amount of protection. Prisons have even earned the nickname schools of crime in Brazil."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Many drug gangs operate and recruit from inside of Brazilian jails.","questions":"Which country's prisons have earned the nickname \"schools of crime\"?","answer":"Brazil"}
{"text":["My goodness.","Yeah, and he's going to try to sort of and see if it can sort of go on where he picks up from the news to sort of, you know, sort of portray different events that are going on with them. So, it's - I'm looking forward to that, because I like RuPaul, so I think it's going to be really interesting.","It will be interesting. All right, what about the Screen Actors Guild strike?What does that mean for people who watch movies or people who make them?","I think, you know, it's going to be a problem. For us, I think, you know, again, TV is going to become even more important, and I think TV was going to become important anyway because of the recession. I think a lot of people - because they know it's really expensive to go out and see movies. So, I think it's sort of a bad time in a way just because of that. But I think, yes, reality TV is going to sort of become even bigger than it already is. And you look at the shows, and it's, like, you know, endless, the kind of shows reality TV-wise that are coming. And I think they sort of - you know, they have everything in place for that to sort of work out."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to look forward to something means they are excited for an event.","questions":"What is PersonA's opinion on the upcoming portrayal of events by RuPaul?","answer":"Interesting"}
{"text":["Let's start with the idea of this weight loss or calories burned. How does this compare to other athletes in other sports?","One of the basic facts was the 1984 World Chess Championship, right?So after five months and 48 games, defending champion Anatoly Karpov had lost 22 pounds. And some people said he looked, like, dead. Chess players were burning calories around the same rate as tennis players and competitive marathon runners. Like, in October 2018, Polard, this company that tracks heart rates, monitored chess players during a tournament and found out that this 21-year-old Russian grandmaster, Mikhail Antipov, had burned 560 calories in two hours, which we found out was roughly what Roger Federer would burn in one hour of singles tennis.","And I talked to Robert Sapolsky. He's been studying primates for a long time now, and he corroborated that fact and said that, you know, chess players can burn up to 6,000 calories in a day by playing a tournament, which is three times that of any human on a regular day.","Now, what did you learn about why?Is it that their brains are just using that much energy, or is there something physiological going on?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Some people said due to the fact that he was so thin that he looked like he was dead as dead people have no fat.","questions":"Which word describes the appearance of Anatoly Karpov according to some people?","answer":"Dead."}
{"text":["We had testimony submitted to us this morning in writing by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who engineered - according to the government and himself - the attacks of 9\/11. And he was questioned about the role of Salim Hamdan, and I'll just read you one paragraph from what he answered.","The question was, did Salim Hamdan ever have any role in planning, or carry out, any activities that you either directed or were involved in?, as he was the director of operations. He didn't play any role. He was not a soldier. He was a driver. His nature was primitive. He was a Bedouin one person and far from civilized. He was not fit to plan or execute. But he is fit to change truck tires, to change oil filters, wash and clean cars, and passing cargo and pickup trucks. He could tighten bolts and could select the best maintenance shop.","This is Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, saying this about Hamdan?","That's right. We also had testimony from Waleed bin Attash, and as I understand it, he was responsible, or has boasted his responsibility, for the attack on the USS Cole. And he says Salim Hamdan's activities were distinctively clear, as he was seen driving the cars going and coming every day. His responsibilities were those related to driving, such as mechanical and maintenance and repairs. He was not involved in planning any attacks against the United States."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Similarly, in turn (4), Waleed bin Attash's statement that Hamdan's \"activities were distinctively clear\" and he was \"seen driving the cars going and coming every day\" is not meant to be taken literally. Rather, it is a way for the speaker to emphasize Hamdan's limited role and lack of involvement in planning any attacks against the United States.","questions":"Which statement emphasizes Hamdan's limited role and lack of involvement in planning any attacks against the United States?","answer":"Limited"}
{"text":["Pounder has also used her leverage as an artist to find apartheid and AIDS, and she owns and runs the Pounder-Kone Art Space in Los Angeles. I've had a chance to visit the space and see the art she chooses for her shows, and now, CC is here. How are you doing?","I'm good. Thanks for having me.","So, you know, you have this space at Atwater Village, one of the, for me, living in Los Angeles, one of the eastern, eastern parts of L. A. , but everyone has. . .","The outpost."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement implies that Pounder who is an artist do fight against apartheid and AIDS.","questions":"How has Pounder used her leverage as an artist?","answer":"apartheid"}
{"text":["Antivirus experts are calling Flame one of the most complex threats ever discovered. Once a machine is infected, the operator of the malware can expand its functionality almost like adding apps to a smartphone. Its operators sent out another app with orders to erase it this week, leaving no tracks behind.","Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?","Well, different from the average run-of-the-mill malware that criminals use?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame? How does this malware tool, spy kit, and eavesdrop? Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?\" - The literal meaning of the questions is clear, but the implied meaning is that the Flame malware is a serious threat, and the experts are worried about the implications of its capabilities and origins.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of the questions about Flame?","answer":"serious"}
{"text":["\"The Interview,\" a bromance.","Tamara, are these mostly symbolic sanctions?I mean, North Korea's already under significant sanctions.","Significant. There have been four UN Security Council resolutions adopted since 2006, as well as two U. S.  sanctions programs. These are largely targeted at North Korea's weapons development - nuclear weapons development. So you could easily argue that these new sanctions are just piling onto a pretty big pile already.","U. S.  officials insist, though, that these are new and different because they name 10 individuals, most of whom work for the country's main arms dealer. They say that this naming them is going to make it very hard for those people to do business basically anywhere in the world. The White House also says that there are more sanctions yet to come."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implies that the sanctions put in place by the UN Security Council and the US government are more of the same and not necessarily new or different in any meaningful way. ","questions":"How many UN Security Council resolutions have been adopted since 2006 targeting North Korea's weapons development?","answer":"Weapons"}
{"text":["So things like Hillary Clinton's speeches - the Goldman Sachs speeches - I think those do pass the public interest test. Even given the importance of those few newsworthy items, if you ask me, is the dumping of this much private information and this much internal conversation - the damage this does to our political system - is it worth a few news items if I had a binary choice - all of it or none of it?","I would say we haven't gained that much. But the ideal wouldn't be that binary choice. The ideal would be that such leaks and hacks would go to responsible journalists who would go through this and would identify what is actually in the public interest.","But these - this day and age - wouldn't people say the news organization is concealing information - that they want the chance to look at the original documents and decide for themselves?","I think, in this day and age, we really need to figure out when to hold back. In the past, news was driven by scarcity. There wasn't enough news. And you sent around journalists. And you said, let's find out what's going on."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of this turn is that people might think news organizations are concealing information, but the actual meaning is that people might think news organizations should not be concealing information.","questions":"Which meaning is implied by the turn in statement 2?","answer":"Concealing"}
{"text":["Well, you know, the military hardware is not my specialty. I kind of look at the refugees, so good for you. But what I do know and what we can count is that they have been pretty effective in taking down some of these planes. There was a MiG that was shot down outside of Damascus. And so, in effect, this is their homemade stinger, they're homemade SAM-7. And all of this stuff has been captured from Syrian airbases. They continue to ask for these weapons from the international community.","In some ways it's become a way to say, do you support us?And if you do, will you give us those weapons?I have talked to a number of military analysts who say they don't really need outside weapons. They are beginning to capture what they need.","NPR correspondent Deborah Amos on the border between Turkey and Syria. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. And as the areas under rebel control expand, are there coalitions developing between these local groups that have liberated various areas?Are there frictions developing among these groups?","We asked that today in this small town, and there is a council that has formed there. But these are people who've never done this before. They have committees for finding flour for the bakeries. They have committees for the refugees. They have committees for cleaning up the town. But all of this is done with no money. And because what happens when you are in a, quote, \"liberated area,\" when the rebels liberate the area from the government, you are essentially under sanctions from the government."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The rebels are effectively using weapons they captured from Syrian airbases.","questions":"How are the rebels utilizing the weapons?","answer":"Effectively"}
{"text":["Well, I want to offer condolences to you and the Virginia Beach community. I'm wondering what you can tell us about how people are holding up. I understand you visited a hospital where some of the people wounded in the shooting are being treated still.","I did. You know, this is - again, it's a horrific tragedy, and our hearts go out to certainly the 12 victims that showed up for work yesterday for the city of Virginia Beach intending to go home. And this tragedy occurred, and they weren't able to. And so there's a tremendous void in their families and our community right now. There's a lot of hurt and healing that needs to take place.","I was able to go to the hospital this morning. My intentions were twofold. I wanted to thank the caregivers, the doctors, the nurses and the administrators. And then also, I was able to speak with one of the patients and the families. And they're just such strong and faithful people and just going through what must be one of the hardest experiences in their lives. They were just very grateful for the care that they were receiving and grateful for the heroic work of the law enforcement agents yesterday.","Inevitably, after each mass shooting, there are calls for tighter gun laws. You introduced a number of gun control bills in Virginia's General Assembly back in January, not even six months ago."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is expressing sympathy for the victims and their families.","questions":"How is the speaker describing the patients and families they spoke with at the hospital?","answer":"Strong"}
{"text":["And no birthdays, no Christmas, no nothing. And at age 15, I couldn't take it anymore, so I moved in with my real father, but I didn't know he was a pimp. And the transition from living in essentially a middle-class, suburban area, because he sold BMWs and Porsche automobiles, he did very well. Moving from that middle-class area and the. . .","And the picket fences, all the way to the other end of East 14th, where it was like. . .","Cars sliding by, was a huge transition. Going from one spectrum to another. And I was essentially a nerd coming out of knocking on doors and moving into where my brothers and everybody was like, David, we're about to have another party. And like, oh, really?How do I fit in here, you know?","Right, right."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A had a difficult childhood with no celebrations, and later moved in with his father who was involved in illegal activities.","questions":"How was PersonA's childhood?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["Well, let me ask you this. When you say, you know, lights out, he's pretty much out of sight. Why is Huckabee sticking with the race?","Because there's another spot on the ticket besides this one.","Yes, that is so true. Well, let's look at the demographics on both races, Democratic and Republican. Can we say anything about the trends by race, by first time voter, any trends among voters for the Democratic or Republican races?","By and large the Democratic demographics were what we've seen in the past. In Maryland in particular we saw again where the African\u2014American vote was overwhelmingly for Barack Obama, but he did not do comparably well among whites. Now, we did see a deviation from that in Virginia, which was the largest state that was voting yesterday. And in Virginia we saw for the first time a substantial portion - in fact about half - of the white vote going for Barack Obama. He also won among white men. He did not win white women, but if you look at all men, he carried two-thirds of all men and he carried 60 percent of all women in Virginia."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"lights out\" implies that the person being referred to is not relevant or not a contender in the race, rather than actually turning off lights.","questions":"How was the person being referred to in turn 0 described?","answer":"Irrelevant"}
{"text":["And I was like, ooh, that's catchy. And I was like, uh oh. Song time. And I put my sandwich down, ran to my little studio and just got to work.","\"Jaime\" is a really personal record. It's named for the older sister Brittany adored, the sister who taught her how to play the piano and write poems. Jaime died of cancer when the girls were still kids.","What was she like?","First thing I picture are her nails."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : First thing that he sees in his mind about her is her nails.","questions":"How does PersonB describe his first memory of Jaime?","answer":"Nails"}
{"text":["Well, I would say that he is a guy that tends to see silver linings in dark clouds. And, you know, this is a man that, in private business, had 10,000 lawsuits over his career, so I think he has a unique ability to sort of quarantine in his mind the impact some of these things have.","And what's the risk in that?","Well, I think the implications, again, is that it's not just about Zelenskiy. It's not about the Ukraine. It's not about Rudy. It's - the can has been opened. Now we have to see if there's good soup inside or worms, right?They're going to be looking for stuff - the House Democrats - that are not going to be very glowing and positive about the president. So if we think these revelations are not good - and now they might get an expedited subpoena power with the impeachment process under way. It's not good.","Does the seriousness of this cast a shadow on the White House?Are they concerned about what, for instance, is going to be coming out today?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Not soup, but they have to study the situation to see if it will be good or be trouble.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the implications of the can being opened?","answer":"Uncertain"}
{"text":["Mr.  Mayor, in the half a minute we have left, there a lot of people listening to you. A lot of people will be becoming familiar with Beaufort today. They might be moved to help. How can they?","Well, that's a great question. Let us do the initial damage assessment first. And again, I think the biggest thing right now is for those that did evacuate, please standby, be patient with us as we kind of blaze a path for you to return - a safe path for your return.","Rett Newton is the mayor of Beaufort, N. C.  Mr.  Mayor, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The listeners might be motivated to offer help.","questions":"How could the listeners be impacted by the Mayor's speech? (Answer: motivated)","answer":"motivated"}
{"text":["Short word - yes. That is exactly what happened. And that includes in regular order a lot of backroom negotiation. And there is no guarantee of success for all of that, but at least if people know that they are back to what they need to do and know how to do best, sure, we could be right back here in three weeks with the difference being this far smaller chance of a shutdown. Now, they really ought to be able to do what they do best in that period of time, but if not, the president will be back in the same poker game with a far weaker hand than the one he just folded this week.","Roger Stone, one of the president's closest friends, a longtime adviser, of course was arrested yesterday, charged with lying to Congress, witness tampering, among other things. What does this tell us about the Mueller investigation?","It tells us that investigation is as robust as ever and moving forward. The former CIA chief, John Brennan, said yesterday he expects many more indictments in the weeks ahead, including some people who are household names. Now, the Mueller team is closely following the performance of some other actors like Paul Manafort, an old business partner of Roger Stone's. They say he has not followed through with the factual and truthful testimony he promised when he pled guilty on several counts last year. So that's another space to be watching.","Report from NBC this week - Jared Kushner got his security clearance only after administration officials overruled career security specialists. What do you make of this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : short word in this context means to sum something up","questions":"Which word describes the function of \"short word\" in turn 0?","answer":"Function"}
{"text":["What would happen in a civil contempt is that you would basically be trying to hold the attorney general - get a court order that he was in contempt. And the court would have a hearing. And Justice Department would intervene, and they would fight the contempt citation. And then the court would have a ruling. And that's how the process kind of operates theoretically. What normally happens is the court does not like to step into executive legislative disputes, and they will urge both sides to try to accommodate one another. I think it would only be if the court determined that the Justice Department was really in bad faith would they then hold the attorney general in contempt.","Let me ask you this. If this matter does land in court, if litigation is actively pursued, that could take months. It could take years even. And if the goal is to get information from Attorney General William Barr, how is this an effective strategy?Pursuing a contempt case could result in a huge delay, right?","I think the reality is is that the rules of subpoenas right now as we're discussing in many ways work in favor of the executive for the exact reason that you are hinting at in your question, which is they can run the clock. They can probably run the clock on the enforcement question for months, if not years. And they might be able to even run it up to the next election.","Right. So if the White House intends to stonewall, do you think it's even a wise strategy on the part of the Democrats right now to be talking about contempt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Litigation could result in a huge delay in getting information.","questions":"How could pursuing a contempt case affect the acquisition of information?","answer":"delay"}
{"text":["How are you doing?","I am doing great. So, tell me how you first ended up, how and when you first ended up in a detention center.","Well, the first time I'd have to say, it was about when I was 15 years old, and it was a detention center. It wasn't a boot camp per se. It was a waiting trial, and sometimes they - you know, the juvenile system, sometimes they'll give you a bond, and sometimes they won't give you a bond, so then you're left with no way out, but to be in the detention center, awaiting trial.","So, when you talk about no bond, that means you can't get out. However, I understand that when you were in juvenile detention, you went in and out, but you were never convicted for the things you were sent there for. Why did that happen?How did that play out?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : how it play out implies the final result of a thing or series of things that happened","questions":"How does turn 3 suggest the outcome of a sequence of events?","answer":"outcome"}
{"text":["Now what we didn't hear was a huge thunderous applause that you got from the crowd. Would you run for office again?And if so, what office?","I do - I would like to run for office. I really believe very firmly in public service. I enjoyed my years as lieutenant governor. And, you know, as a small-government Republican, really began to appreciate beyond the rhetoric of just saying, you know, I want a smaller government, but really focusing on how you make government work for people and how you make it efficient - more efficient partner in our daily lives.","And so I walked away from the office with a great appreciation for the value of public service and the importance that you can play in helping small businesses, in getting healthcare where it needs to be, and in dealing with problems of crime and the things that lead up to people to do things that create problems in their community, recidivism, and drug addiction, and things like that. So yeah, I'd like to get back to it. I'd like to run for governor of Maryland one day. And we'll see if that ever happens. But yeah, it's on the table. I don't know if it's in the cards yet, but it's at least on the table.","So you're chair of GOPAC, and it aims to elect more Republicans into office. So what are you working on specifically this time around?Are there any races or any strategies you're working on?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"run for office\" implies to be a candidate in an election","questions":"How did PersonA describe their beliefs as a small-government Republican?","answer":"government"}
{"text":["The field is shrinking. That's the first thing that's happened. There are going to be 10 candidates and only 10. And for the first time, you're going to see the top three candidates standing next to each other in the center stage. That's Joe Biden, who's been leading the polls, Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders. And what most people are waiting to see is if there will be a Warren-Biden clash.","OK. So of those three candidates you just named, Joe Biden remains still at the top of the Democratic field. But he hasn't had really great debate performances. So the one question I have is, how much do debates really matter to the campaign?","You know, you can make an argument that the debates really haven't mattered much because look at Joe Biden. He's still on top of the field even though he has not had a good performance in the debates. Elizabeth Warren has moved up steadily, but not because of anything she did in the debates. It's because she's had all these plans, and she's performed well on the campaign trail. But in one sense, the debates are having an impact, and it's a negative one because the overall image of the Democrats and their policy ideas has gotten more negative among the general electorate as this debate season has gone on.","Interesting. The debates have not been great PR for the Democratic Party. Well, Elizabeth Warren has been gaining support the past few months. She's going to be facing Joe Biden onstage for the first time. What do you think her hardest challenges are going to be onstage?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : it is a metaphorical field, it just means there are not as many candidates running for the election as there was in the past because some decided not to continue running","questions":"Which word is used metaphorically to describe the number of candidates running for the election?","answer":"Metaphorically"}
{"text":["But it was this idea of, well, that's what America is. And it was a very prescribed, very male, very white identity. And it linked up with, you know, I think a very chauvinistic idea about what we do with our military. I think this is all intertwined.","What do you mean about what we do with our military?","Well, in the sense that there is this very shoot-first-and-ask-questions later attitude about when we go out in the world. So I think when we take our values into the world throughout when this happens, throughout the 20th century, I think that there's a lot of good to be said about the intentions on a basic level. You know, we are going to go help people. But oftentimes the idea that the answer is military force, I think that that comes out of a lot of the same idea that this identity of the military as a very masculine, a very - you know, very prescribed idea.","As you follow the news as a journalist over the past many years, which events make you think of this story of the Rough Riders?Which events have resonance?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The military is associated with masculinity and force as a solution.","questions":"What is the military associated with?","answer":"Masculinity"}
{"text":["I saw poofy hot pants. They were like, they were kind of like a poof skirt but done in a hot pants style.","So many regrettable. . .","Regrettable, regrettable fashion sense.","Just unfortunate that you just sort of go, OK, all right. Just X, you know, that X thing they have with Glamour?Yeah, a lot of that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Poofy hot pants are a ridiculous and impractical fashion choice.","questions":"How would you describe the fashion sense discussed in turn 3?","answer":"X"}
{"text":["Exactly so. Dopamine, the opiates, these are the chemicals of pleasure and addiction.","So, some people have questioned whether or not there really can be something like technology addiction. What makes you so sure that there is?","Well, there are certain signs and symptoms. All addictions have certain patterns. They - it really involves somebody being able to feel high from engaging in the activity, beginning to lose control over that, and find themselves really behaving in a compulsive way with it, and going into withdrawal when they are not able to engage in that, and then engaging in the behavior in spite of negative consequences. So, that general pattern holds for all addictions, and it holds very much so for these high-tech addictions as well.","Let's talk about the whole idea of withdrawal, because if you have a chemical addiction, withdrawal, you know, for example, from heroin can include things like sweats and, you know, body aches and all sorts of physical symptoms, but what do you really mean by withdrawal from technology?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Certain chemicals in the brain are associated with pleasure and addiction.","questions":"How are dopamine and opiates related to addiction?","answer":"Pleasure"}
{"text":["We reached out to everyone. And basically, they said, as so many doctors are want to say, we don't think about price when we prescribe. We just want to give, you know. . .","The best thing that's out there.","The best. But I'd have to say in this case there's not even proof that this is the best. In the studies that got this drug approved, this drug was only effective in curing toenail fungus from 6 to about 9 percent of the time after 11 months of treatment. So it's not even a very effective drug.","From your reporting on this, though, why do doctors do this?They say it's not about cost, but is there an ulterior motive - something that makes certain doctors push certain medicines?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Doctors may have an ulterior motive for prescribing certain medications","questions":"What is the effectiveness of the drug in curing toenail fungus?","answer":"6-9%"}
{"text":["Well, when the storm stops, and they give the all-clear to leave, the first thing will be to see if we even have a car that we can get into because they're expecting flooding in this area. And then we'll go from there - one step at a time.","Well, thank you very much. Susie and Ben Black talking to us from the maternity ward at HealthPark Medical Center. . .","Thank you.",". . . In Fort Myers, Fla."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The situation is uncertain and they need to take it one step at a time","questions":"What will be the first thing they need to check after the storm stops?","answer":"Car"}
{"text":["You have more than one toe.","OK. Right now we don't have any big toes. A big toe was swallowed in 2013 on purpose. And then we were using the alternate toe, but that only lasted for about two and a half years and just literally fell apart. So now we're working on what we call the secondary toes next to the big toe. So we're looking for big toes. If anybody out there has an extra big toe, we would really like it.","And, apart from the toe, what exactly goes into a sour toe cocktail.","OK. According to Yukon Health, it has to be served in 80-proof alcohol. So that could be whiskey, rum, tequila. The traditional is Yukon Jack. Captain Dick Stevenson's favorite drink - he's the guy who started the toe in 1973."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) is that the toe must be served in a specific type of alcohol.","questions":"How should the sour toe cocktail be served?","answer":"80-proof"}
{"text":["President Bush, of course, has visited Africa. President Clinton made overtures to Africa. What are your hopes and fears, not just for an Obama presidency, but for the next American president in dealing, not just with Kenya, but with the continent?","Well perhaps, of course, I think the main - one of the main issues that needs to be tackled is the issue of poverty in relation to aid. And you know, there has been a lot of controversy in the past about how the Western world, including the United States, deals with Africa when they're dealing with issues such as poverty and provision of aid to the various countries.","Another issue is, of course, HIV\/AIDS. This has been a big discussion point around the continent, and I think a number of people who are related in various sectors dealing with HIV\/AIDS may want to see perhaps a different perspective in terms of how this issue is dealt with by the United States in regards to assisting the people on the continent deal with this issue. But perhaps, out of all those I think what would stand out is the issue of poverty and HIV\/AIDS.","And one other thing I should note as well, is when we're talking about climate change, United States has come up in various discussions, I have noted. You know, there's been some indication that, perhaps, the United States is not as keenly interested in dealing with this issue. So maybe a number of government leaders as well might want to see the United States playing a bigger role in trying to deal with climate change around the world."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to be tackled in this context means to do something first before anything else","questions":"Which word best describes the priority of the issue mentioned by PersonA in turn 1?","answer":"Priority"}
{"text":["Some of our questions are very basic. Were you a slaveholder?Did your money come from the labor of enslaved people?Many of the questions we're asking at our university are the same as the questions that people are asking at other universities. But I think we have one very special part of our story. That is that Princeton really was a very Southern school.","And it turns out that between 1790 and the outbreak of the Civil War, about 40 percent of our students came from the South. That's extraordinary. And there were some consequences of this very Southern orientation of our student body. There were some horrific acts of violence in our community in the 1830s and '40s as Southern boys raised in slaveholding families came to this town in New Jersey and encountered a free black community for the first time in their lives.","These Southern students were important to our school. Their tuition money was important. Keeping their parents happy was important. So the ethos on our campus was, let's just not talk about this stuff. Let's keep the peace.","Obviously, we are having a debate in this country right now about the legacy of the Civil War. And as a historian, I'd like your thoughts on how you resolve the tension between remembering and honoring."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Did your money come from the labor of enslaved people?\" - This question is not just asking whether the person's money literally came from the labor of enslaved people, but it implies a broader inquiry into whether they have benefited from and perpetuated systems of oppression and exploitation.","questions":"What is the broader implication of the question \"Did your money come from the labor of enslaved people?\"","answer":"Benefit"}
{"text":["And this doesn't seem to fit the typical counterfeiter.","No, not at all. You know, most counterfeiters are either drug addicts who are eager to raise a quick buck and there. After a few nights without sleep, they get the bright idea to bleach some $5 bills and scan the image of a 20 and then print the artwork, the imagery of the 20 on that same $5 bank note paper. Then on the other end of the spectrum, you have sort of mobsters and thugs, people who are involved in the drug trade or human trafficking, and they are really keen on mass production and, again, a fairly poor quality counterfeit.","Then there is this small group of true craftspeople out there, and a lot of them are really poor when it comes to criminal capabilities, but they are true artists. And, in that sense, Kuhl is right near the top of the heap, as far as talented counterfeiters through history.","Your story details, in fact, two different efforts. The first - well, he found himself in some financial difficulties and spent six months adapting his silkscreen techniques to producing a $100 bill."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Then there is this small group of true craftspeople out there, and a lot of them are really poor when it comes to criminal capabilities, but they are true artists. And, in that sense, Kuhl is right near the top of the heap, as far as talented counterfeiters through history.","questions":"How would you describe Kuhl's counterfeiting abilities?","answer":"Talented"}
{"text":["I guess they don't have to take it now - do they?- come to think of it.","No. No.","Archibald Cox, for whom you work, made a decision to speak directly to the American people back in 1973 before, you know, he was shown the door. Do you hope special counsel Mueller who has been, I think, famously reluctant to reveal anything about his investigation shows his face and makes a statement now?","No, I don't because the thing about Archie Cox is that he had a very clear mandate from the Senate to take the investigation all the way wherever it led and to report the results to the public. And Bob Mueller has the character and the courage and the skill. But he doesn't have that mandate. So he has to do what he likes to do, which is be quiet and bring in a heavy mallet with all the facts."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"shown the door\" is an idiom that means \"to be fired\" or \"to be dismissed.\" It does not have a literal meaning.","questions":"Which idiom means \"to be fired\" or \"to be dismissed\"?","answer":"Shown."}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . Jupiter. But there's no debris right now. It looks like whatever hit Jupiter, Jupiter just kind of swallowed it whole.","Yeah. You know, I'm reminded - when you say debris, I'm reminded of that famous Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet that broke up and smashed into the planet in 1994.","Well, you're right. And, you know, I said 10 or 20 years ago, people might have said that Dan Peterson, who saw the impact, was just, you know, seeing things. But back before comet Shoemaker - excuse me, SL9 hit Jupiter, astronomers were very skeptical that big impacts like that occurred in the modern day solar system. And then we saw that tremendous series of 21 impacts with our own eyes, when Shoemaker 9 hit Jupiter. And, of course, that was a comet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The tremendous series of 21 impacts with our own eyes when Shoemaker 9 hit Jupiter was a comet.","questions":"How many impacts were there when Shoemaker 9 hit Jupiter?","answer":"21"}
{"text":["Of course, we should all remember and commemorate the Russian sacrifices during the Second World War and the fight against Nazis in Europe. On the other hand, we all strongly regret that Russia of today has violated not only international law, but also the security architecture we built after the end of the Cold War by attacking Ukraine. And that's the reason why Western leaders, obviously, have to send a very clear message to the Kremlin.","You're also the former prime minister of Denmark. Does Denmark feel threatened by Russian ambitions?","Well, recently the Russian ambassador to Denmark stated publicly that Danish military vessels might be targets of Russian nuclear weapons. It's incredible that an official representative of the Russian Federation can make such statements. I prefer not to take such statements seriously. But having seen the Russian behavior first in Georgia and now in Ukraine, unfortunately, we do have to take such statements from Russia seriously. So maybe we don't feel a direct or imminent threat, but, of course, we feel intimidated by such unacceptable statements from the Russian side.","And let me ask you as a diplomat to try and adopt the perspective of the people right across the way, too. NATO staged large-scale antisubmarine war games off the coast of Norway this past week. British forces are on exercises in Estonia. Does this make Russia feel encircled?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker perceives that the turn may have an underlying or implied meaning that could be interpreted in various ways depending on the listener's perspective and context, and while not everyone may agree, most people are likely to recognize some level of subtext or hidden message.","questions":"Which word suggests that there may be a hidden message in turn 3?","answer":"subtext"}
{"text":["More so than Russia, which we seem to hear. . .","It's not even close.",". . . More about.","Not even close. Now, Russia is more tactical. They will spend their time and effort on onesie-twosie to see recruitments of humans in less. . .","Onesie-twosie recruitments."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Russia will try to get more people to join the military together.","questions":"What is Russia's approach to recruitment?","answer":"tactical"}
{"text":["And not to make any comparisons, but I seem to recall that there was a time when J. Crew was a catalog retailer - didn't have any real stores. And now, of course, they've got plenty of them in addition to a very ambitious online retail site.","Absolutely. The way that I've thought about these Shopify stores is they're undoubtedly strange because they're new, but their model is fundamentally not that different from, like, a big corporate enterprise. It's just that the tools have democratized the ability for people to tap into the globalized economy. And so before, it took the idea of having a supply chain and having all these people who would know factory owners in China and all these other kinds of things - that took a lot of infrastructure.","What these tools have done is eliminate the need for all that infrastructure. And so now it's this alternative way into what is a real thing about our economy, which is that many, many of the goods that we all purchase are made in Asian factories and are sold to us at a very high markup from their production costs.","So where's the coat now, may I ask?","It's hanging up in my closet, kind of towards the back - in there with the things that are too small for me to fit into now (laughter). But I'll bring it out at some point, I'm sure. Everyone needs a coat like that, you know, maybe for gardening or something."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Shopify stores have democratized the ability for people to tap into the globalized economy.","questions":"What have Shopify stores done for people?","answer":"Opportunity"}
{"text":["The Pythians were a black baseball team in Philadelphia from about 1866 to 1872. And they were damn good. And like just about every other dimension of his life, he used that arena to fight for equality.","And he met a tragic end, I gather.","Yup. Much like Martin Luther King, he had his young life cut short by gunfire from a white assassin.","I don't understand how America doesn't know so much about him and why Philadelphia took so long to recognize him."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : : \"Yup. Much like Martin Luther King, he had his young life cut short by gunfire from a white assassin.\" Implied meaning: \"The person being discussed was a prominent figure in the fight for equality, and was assassinated for his beliefs.\"","questions":"How did the person being discussed die?","answer":"Gunfire"}
{"text":["What are his legal and PR teams trying to achieve by releasing audio conversations or snippets of them with Donald trump and apparently claiming that Trump knew in advance of that Trump Tower meeting with a group of Russians?","Well, I have to say, Scott, I think that's pretty much a mystery to a lot of people. Most criminal defense lawyers and former prosecutors can't. . .",". . . That I've spoken to can't make sense of it. It's a very, very unusual situation.","We're getting some bad audio - either that or a Martian craft has landed over your shoulder, so you might want to take a look, in which case we really got a big story to work on."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Despite legal and PR efforts, it is difficult for experts to make sense of the situation","questions":"How would you describe the situation?","answer":"Unusual"}
{"text":["Hi.","So tell us about these families. Who are they?","So we're talking about four adults. We have three Sri Lankans. Supun, Nadeeka are a couple. Ajith is a single male. And we also have a Filipina. Her name is Vanessa. And they have three children whose names I won't say out loud.","OK.  And how did they come to help Edward Snowden?","At the time that Mr.  Snowden was in Hong Kong, they were already asylum seekers established in Hong Kong. And he ended up staying with different people during, I believe, a two-week period before he left the territory."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implies that the speaker wants to know about the role that the families played in helping Edward Snowden, not just how he ended up staying with them","questions":"Which specific aspect of the families' involvement with Edward Snowden does turn 3 imply the speaker is interested in?","answer":"Role"}
{"text":["Does either party see political damage in permitting a shutdown?","Nobody wants a shutdown. I do believe that's true, although I do think that on this issue - more than a lot of issues - that passions are really high because it's not just talking about fiscal policy or some other thing. We're talking about human lives. And human lives are at stake, and families are at stake. So it's not going to be an easy puzzle to solve.","NPR's congressional correspondent Susan Davis, thanks so much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The issue being discussed involves human lives and families, making it emotionally charged and difficult to solve.","questions":"Which aspect of the issue makes it difficult to solve?","answer":"Solving"}
{"text":["Good to be with you, Scott.","Do you think President Trump was essentially trying to back off and ease tensions with Iran this week?","Scott, let's begin by saying there was relief, widespread and bipartisan, when the president pulled back instead of pulling the trigger. But the larger confrontation he's created here still has very few avenues for escape. It's possible this show of last-minute restraint may make renewed negotiations possible, but it could also heighten the tension to the point where the Iranians cannot come to the table. They have complicated domestic politics to deal with, just as we do. So the moment of hesitation on the president's part could ultimately produce an even greater degree of anxiety, an even more disastrous hour of reckoning.","A number of people have questioned parts of the president's account, especially a statement that he wasn't given or asked for - whatever it was - an estimate of casualties until the strikes had almost begun."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Come to the table means to show up or to engage with others.","questions":"How can \"renewed negotiations\" with Iran be affected by the president's show of last-minute restraint according to turn 2?","answer":"renewed-negotiations"}
{"text":["The United Nations, in a new report, paints a picture of just how violent Venezuela has become. The U. N.  human rights chief says security forces have killed nearly 7,000 people over the past year and a half. She says, quote, \"a shockingly high number of these were extrajudicial killings at the hands of what interviewees called death squads. \"All as President Nicolas Maduro has vowed to stay in power.","NPR's Philip Reeves joins us now with more on that report. Philip, can you give us a little more detail on what the U. N.  team found in Venezuela?","Yeah. This takes a very broad look at the crisis in Venezuela over the last year up to this May. But a couple of things really leap out at you. One is the treatment of men and women in detention. The report says people are frequently arbitrarily detained and cites evidence of a variety of forms of torture - routinely used, it says - against prisoners by the intelligence or security services, others a form of punishment or to get them to talk. And that includes electric shocks, suffocation by plastic bags, waterboarding and sexual violence.","And the other striking section concerns those extrajudicial killings you mentioned. The Maduro government says, since the beginning of last year, some 7,000 people were killed in security operations, as you mentioned. And it says this was for resisting authority, as it puts it. But the U. N.  rights team believes many of these may be extrajudicial killings."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Venezuelan government is responsible for many extrajudicial killings.","questions":"How many people did the security forces in Venezuela kill over the past year and a half according to the UN report?","answer":"7000"}
{"text":["Tell us about the test. What is the implicit association test?How does that work?","This is a procedure that's sort of fun to play with. You can take it yourself on the Internet. It's a procedure that involves four steps. And first you're asked to rapidly classify white and black faces by pressing a left-side computer key for black faces or a right key for white faces. That's an easy test.","Second, same type of test, but now you're pressing the left key for unpleasant words, words like hurt or failure, and the right key for pleasant words for words like joy and love. That's an easy task, too.","Then it begins to get more difficult. We combine the tasks, the third step. Now the left key is for either white faces or unpleasant words, and the right key is for either black faces or pleasant words. This combination of two easy tasks can be quite difficult."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"This is a procedure that's sort of fun to play with.\"  The speaker is using the phrase \"fun to play with\" to describe an activity that may not necessarily be entertaining, but is interesting or engaging to participate in.","questions":"Which phrase does the speaker use to describe the activity as interesting or engaging?","answer":"Interesting"}
{"text":["And I understand you are going to stay with us for at least a - the half hour to kind of help us understand the context of this, so we thank you for that. But let's just start with this week. I think a lot of people feel that this has been a particularly violent week. You've been tracking all known instances of gun violence in the United States since 2013, so what do you think?I mean, does this week stand out?","The last eight days really do. We've had four incidents of over 10 killed or injured, and that's unusual in an eight-day, 10-day period. We've had nine incidents over the last year and four of them in the last eight days.","And the archive home page keeps a list of statistics. And I do want to mention to people that this is available to the public. That's part of the purpose of your archives - so that the public can have sort of a shared set of facts here. It lists 253 total mass shootings in 2019 as of today. First of all, how do you define mass shooting?And secondly, how does this year compared to others so far?","Well, we define mass shootings as any incident where four or more victims are shot or killed. And we make that distinction because we believe that it's very important that we look at the injured as well as those killed. So anything that is four or more, that reaches that threshold - that's considered a mass shooting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : AGREE WITH THE TURN AND IMPLIED MEANING AND BELIVE THAT EVERYONE","questions":"What distinction does PersonA make when defining mass shootings?","answer":"Injured"}
{"text":["Yes.","And even lesbians, people like Ellen, who are incredibly powerful in Hollywood, and in the entertainment industries across the board. Why is that not the case for - why can't there be the equivalence in the African-American world?","Yeah, you're absolutely correct, you know, and I state those claims before, you know, and - you know, like a Bill Ga - I mean David Geffen, Ellen, Rosie, George Michael, John - Elton John, Lance Bass, like a lot of these people, you know, unfortunately are white counterparts, and colleagues are able to come out of the closet.","Their community supports them, because as I expressed in my book, they have a nurturing environment, where for them, sex and sexuality has always been a dialog and a discussion within their community. They have communities where they exist, and they help support one each other - one another, especially (unintelligible) in Los Angeles, you have West Hollywood. In Atlanta, you know, you have the Midtown area. In D. C. , you have Dupont, San Francisco. New York, you have Chelsea."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Lesbians are powerful in Hollywood but African-Americans are not.","questions":"Which group is seen as more powerful in Hollywood?","answer":"Lesbians"}
{"text":["We were with addicts on the street as they were having encounters with law enforcement. We were in treatment centers with people trying to kick the addiction. There's this one phenomenal picture of five inmates. They're all pregnant and being let in to get their methadone and things like that. We were in in drug courts, where people were being dealt with by the criminal justice system.","I think one of the reasons that it's gotten so much attention is because of the spareness with which we report it. We just report anecdote after anecdote after anecdote after anecdote over seven days. And anybody who reads it cannot come away without understanding how deep and how pernicious and how totally involving of our society this epidemic is.","Are there things that happen in Cincinnati every day that people walk past that you wanted to use this opportunity to share with?","Well, yes, I mean, in the sense that we wanted people to understand that this is going on all around them. Heroin is not a demographic or racial or any socioeconomic status - however you want to put it - drug. Its terrible reach is universal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The criminal justice system is heavily involved in the opioid epidemic.","questions":"Which system is involved in the opioid epidemic?","answer":"criminal"}
{"text":["Well, because there are a number of reasons that a security clearance can be denied. Among them would be foreign contacts, foreign business interests, criminal activity, financial instability, drug and alcohol use. And some of these are very serious. If employees who had the history of these issues - and they weren't properly mitigated, they could be a risk to national security if they received security clearances.","You're saying hypothetically those could be reasons security clearances would be denied. Were they in these cases reasons that they were denied?","Some of them were applicable in different cases, yes.","Is overriding 25 security clearance denials a large number?I have no idea what's normal in this situation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"You're saying hypothetically those could be reasons security clearances would be denied.\" - The actual meaning is that A mentioned several reasons that could result in the denial of a security clearance and B is asking if those reasons were actually used to deny security clearances in specific cases.","questions":"What is PersonB asking about the reasons mentioned by PersonA for the denial of security clearances?","answer":"Concern"}
{"text":["Well, it's a really interesting response. I mean, she didn't say that she didn't do it. She claimed someone had been hacking her Instagram account, but she was very upset, that she was pregnant and she was seeking legal advice.","Give me a little bit of a sense of how big a story this is in Britain today.","It's the story that everybody needs right now, and it appears that people just can't or won't think of anything else. You've got some of the most serious political journalists in the country joking that maybe we could get Coleen Rooney into No. 10 where the prime minister lives in order to work out who's leaking the Brexit stories that are dominating the front-page headlines. But, honestly, it's just been the respite we've all been hoping for. It's been pouring with rain and sort of doom and gloom in the headlines, and sometimes you just need a little bit of cheer. That's the tea from here.","That is Elizabeth Paton, European style reporter for The New York Times based in London. Elizabeth Paton, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She claimed someone was obtaining illegal access to her Instagram account.","questions":"What was the reason for her seeking legal advice?","answer":"Pregnant"}
{"text":["Scott, there's an outside chance, but it's unlikely. And it's definitely not going to happen before the presidential election takes place. It's going to take a long time for the FBI to go through all these messages, get through all the red tape with intelligence agencies to decide what may be classified or not.","And the FBI director, James Comey, has already told Congress Hillary Clinton didn't lie to agents when she was interviewed - same for her aides. He found no efforts to obstruct justice, no desire to betray the country here. So unless something really huge emerges, it's hard to see the legal analysis changing or any criminal prosecution at all.","And Hillary Clinton had a swift response, didn't she?","Yeah, she came out in Iowa, did an impromptu news conference. She said she didn't know anything about this. She found out through media reports. She's demanding the FBI director release a lot more information and explain the facts here. Some of Clinton's close allies, including California Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein, went even stronger. She said the FBI move was appalling and that the bureau was playing into the campaign slogans of Donald Trump."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 4) is that Hillary Clinton gave an impromptu news conference in Iowa, denying knowledge of the issue and demanding the FBI director release more information. Her allies also criticized the FBI's actions.  The implied meaning, however, is that Clinton and her allies are reacting to negative news about her campaign and attempting to deflect attention away from it. The language used suggests a degree of defensiveness and desperation, as they try to shift blame onto the FBI and portray the issue as a partisan attack by Donald Trump.","questions":"How did Hillary Clinton respond to the issue in Iowa?","answer":"Impromptu"}
{"text":["So I want to try making now the Syrian version of ful.","OK.","OK, I'm going to grab the red beans.","Helou got this recipe from Haj Abdo (ph), a vendor in Aleppo. All he made was ful and always had a crowd. That's how she first noticed the old man. This was years before a war broke out in Syria. She says his shop and the whole neighborhood is gone now. But back then, locals absolutely raved about his cafe. And while his ful is typically Syrian, it uses the sesame paste called tahini. Abdo had a special technique."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The old man's technique was unique and contributed to the popularity of his cafe.","questions":"How did the old man's technique affect his cafe's popularity?","answer":"contributed"}
{"text":["People go armed with treats and halters, and so they're able to catch them. And, you know, mostly, if you're calm, the horses stay calm.","Horses eat a lot, don't they?How do you care for every one?","Sure thing. Well, many of us were able to grab hay and some supplies as we were evacuating our barn. So we came with food and some items in hand. But the local seed stores have been donating all kinds of hay and shavings and pellets. So we have had, again, tremendous support from the local community, making sure that every horse here is fed.","Can you smell the smoke, see the fire?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The horses are usually calm when approached with care and respect.","questions":"How do the horses react when approached with care and respect?","answer":"Calm"}
{"text":["They had psychiatrists on call, they had access to medication and ability to control that population or to deal with that population. They had psychiatrists on call, they had access to medication and ability to control that population or to deal with that population. If you are in a smaller place, you may not have that and you do not have that access, and there's more warehousing and restrictive methods going on because they don't have any other way to deal with them. If you are in a smaller place, you may not have that and you do not have that access, and there's more warehousing and restrictive methods going on because they don't have any other way to deal with them.","So really it depends on where you are, what kind of law that you've violated in order to determine how well the institution where you are is able to deal with whatever difficulty you have. So really it depends on where you are, what kind of law that you've violated in order to determine how well the institution where you are is able to deal with whatever difficulty you have.","Well, Judge Lynn Toler, it's always great to have you on. Well, Judge Lynn Toler, it's always great to have you on. Thanks so much. Thanks so much.","Always good to be here. Always good to be here."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : because the speaker said always good to be here","questions":"How does the speaker feel about being on the show?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["Absolutely. So what the defense may try to do is say, what we're dealing with here is a criminal, a dishonest individual from start to finish. He is being sponsored - his testimony is being sponsored by the government. But you can't trust him. After all, look at all the things he's done. He's stolen, in fact, not only from others but from his own business associate, Mr.  Manafort.","And he gets some kind of consideration for testifying - immunity, right?","Well, what he gets is. . .","Maybe not absolute immunity, but OK, go ahead."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The witness is receiving immunity in exchange for his testimony.","questions":"How is the witness being compensated for his testimony?","answer":"Immunity"}
{"text":["It is John McCain's night tonight. He's got to deliver the speech. You're widely acknowledged as one of the best speech writers in the country. What would you - what would you ask of Senator McCain tonight?","We've had a wonderful opportunity to hear about his biography and he's been praised by others. Not a good idea, ever, to praise yourself. You show what you are. You don't tell people what you are. Now he has to make the case as to how what he wants to do connects with the interests of ordinary people. Through his - through the past half dozen years, McCain's interest in reform - he had a very keen interest in reform, but it's tended not to touch much on bread-and-butter issues.","Most people don't see a connection with their lives and, say, campaign finance, whether McCain is right or wrong. Now he needs to show, I care about the things you care about. I'm not just a Washington insider. And he needs to connect his agenda on healthcare - which is hugely important - on energy, on taxes, all of those things, the pocketbook of middle-income people who basically have not done that well out of the past eight years.","David Frum, former presidential speech writer for George Bush and a blogger at National Review Online. David, thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Senator McCain needs to connect with ordinary people and their interests, especially on pocketbook issues like healthcare, energy, and taxes.","questions":"What are the key pocketbook issues Senator McCain should address in his speech?","answer":"taxes"}
{"text":["Why was it important for the Colorado Springs Police Department to investigate the Klan?","My job as an intelligence officer detective was to monitor any subversive activity which could negatively impact the city of Colorado Springs. And let's face it, the Ku Klux Klan historically is a subversive group. And when I saw the ad in the newspaper, obviously, I perked up to this fact and set about trying to address it to understand it.","You had to come up with a gambit for actually meeting him, and you couldn't meet him. You had to find a colleague to do it. So what was the gambit you came up with?","The gambit was I, obviously as a black man of African descent, could not meet Ken O'dell, the local organizer posing as a KKK member. So I had to take a - have a white officer introduced into the mix posing as Ron Stallworth. So I got a undercover narcotics detective friend of mine - in the book, he's identified as Chuck. That's not his real name, but I had Chuck pose as me. And for the initial meeting, I gave him any identification that I had minus a photograph so that if they should question him about being me, he could pull those out and, you know, convince them, and it worked. We did this for 7 1\/2 months."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Ku Klux Klan is a subversive group that can negatively impact Colorado Springs.","questions":"Which city did the Klan negatively impact?","answer":"Colorado-Springs"}
{"text":["And now we'll go to another Dickerson. This is Brian Dickerson. He's a political columnist for the Detroit Free Press. And we're going to talk about Michigan. It is one of the key swing states in this election. Welcome to the program.","Thank you, Madeleine.","Well, both candidates have stumped a lot in Michigan, and is either candidate getting more traction?","Well, the most recent polls this week are a little mixed. But generally, the average of the reputable polls has been showing Obama steadily in front since about mid-June and picking up some momentum in the last two or three weeks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"We're going to talk about Michigan.\" - This turn has a literal meaning and is also used with its actual meaning.","questions":"What state is discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Michigan"}
{"text":["What do you think - if this decision is permanent, what do you think the U. S.  will miss by not being a member of UNESCO?","Oh, I think the U. S.  will miss a lot. It's a big loss for the United Nations family because we are part of this family. It is a big role for multilateralism. But I believe it is also a loss for the U. S.","Irina Bokova is director general of UNESCO. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you very much for inviting me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking the listener to provide their opinion on the potential consequences of the U.S. withdrawing from UNESCO.","questions":"Which organization is mentioned in the turn that the U.S. is no longer a member of?","answer":"UNESCO"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah, yeah.","So he's not exactly saying that what he said was offensive.","Or maybe he's, like, opening up, like, a hotline for people to call up and be like, hey, listen; I was - being very charitable there.","Right, OK.  And then meanwhile, while all of this is going on with Shane Gillis, another one of the new cast members who was announced this week for \"SNL\" was Bowen Yang, who's actually the show's first Asian American cast member, so this is kind of awkward timing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He may have said something offensive, but he didn't admit it.","questions":"Which new cast member was announced this week for \"SNL\"?","answer":"Yang"}
{"text":["Yes. There are tens of thousands of North Koreans who are hiding in China today. At the peak in the late '90s, early 2000s, there were more than half a million. But in - about 25,000 have made it safely to South Korea where they're living today. And about 140, 150 have come to the United States, and there have been several hundred who've gone to Europe.","And this underground railroad, obviously the phrase we associate with escaped slaves from the South before the Civil War, but the analogy, you say, is apt.","The analogy is very similar. It's a secret network of safe houses and routes - secret routes across the country. It's staffed. It's operated mostly by Christians, similar to the original Underground Railroad, though there are also people who are in it for the money who are involved - brokers and human traffickers. And many of the people who help the North Koreans in China are ethnically Korean. That is they're Korean-Chinese or they're South Korean or there are - they are Americans who are of Korean heritage. I interviewed a number of the rescuers, and their stories are incredibly inspiring. Especially in this Christmas season, you think about these are people who are living their faith by going to a hostile country to help, and helping people that nobody else in the world is prepared to help.","And it's interesting. You tell the story of one of them: Adrian Hong."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The underground railroad for North Korean refugees is similar to that of the escaped slaves in the past.","questions":"What analogy does PersonA draw between the underground railroad for North Korean refugees and the one for escaped slaves from the South?","answer":"escapedslaves"}
{"text":["Yeah, exactly. I'd like to see it.","Yeah. Well, if you have any other interesting labs, let Flora know.","Yeah. And I'd also like to thank everyone who sent in videos when we requested - I'm still going through them. So if you haven't heard back from me, it's not personal. It's coming, but they were really great, so thanks for sending them.","Yeah. Couldn't compete with the guinea fowl this week on a treadmill. So thank you, Flora."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Let Flora know.\" - The speaker is not literally asking the person to inform Flora. Instead, they are making a suggestion that the person should share any interesting labs they know of with Flora.","questions":"How should Flora be informed?","answer":"Suggestion"}
{"text":["And the spider is still paralyzed.","That's right. So interestingly enough, if the egg doesn't hatch, the tarantula can actually recover and go on its way. But more often that larvae will hatch and eat its way into the living but still paralyzed tarantula, and it'll feed on that tarantula for several weeks. And at least some species will selectively feed on non-vital organs first to keep the tarantula alive longer.","What would happen to me if I stepped on this wasp?","The tarantula hawk is a bit infamous in that it has one of the more painful stings known to man. There are actually a number of sting pain indices and in all of these indices the tarantula hawk ranks right up top in that the pain associated with this sting has been described as traumatic, debilitating, instantly excruciating, so it's bad. You don't want to step on these guys."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indicating that they are unable or unwilling to attend the party, but is also expressing a sense of regret or apology for their absence. The tone and context of the situation may affect the implied meaning, as the speaker could also be indicating a desire to attend a future event or to connect with the listener in another way, or they may be suggesting that the party is not a priority or that they have other obligations or commitments. Additionally, the speaker may or may not provide a reason for their absence, which could further affect the implied meaning.","questions":"Which insect has one of the most painful stings known to man?","answer":"Tarantula"}
{"text":["Not too much yet. Police have said that they range in all ages. Former El Paso congressman and now-presidential candidate Beto O'Rourke told reporters yesterday that he spoke to the wife of a soccer coach who was wounded while fundraising for his team at the Walmart. Mexican officials have also reported via Twitter that there are six Mexicans injured, including a 10-year-old girl, and three others are among the dead.","I mean, this must be an incredibly difficult time in El Paso right now, you know, something this horrific happening. There were so many families at the Walmart, as you mentioned. And it is now being investigated as a potential hate crime. So I'm wondering - how have the people there reacted to this terrible tragedy?","Well, El Pasoans have by and large reacted in the same way they've responded to the rush of Central American families who have arrived - who have been arriving at this city for months now. Hours after the shooting, there were long lines at blood donation centers. I visited a school where families were gathering to get information about missing loved ones. I saw El Pasoans show up to that school with truckloads of water. There is an interfaith vigil organized tonight at a local park. And both the mayor and the U. S.  congresswoman who represent El Paso has said this is - that this crime isn't reflective of the welcoming character of this city.","That's reporter Monica Ortiz Uribe in El Paso. Thank you very much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : ONE ARE THE PERSON HELP TO RETURN TO SAY THANK YOU THAT SAYS REPLY TO YOU'RE WELCOM.","questions":"Which person did PersonA help to return to say thank you?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["And I'm sure this was a topic happening this weekend at the Iowa State Fair, where most of the Democratic presidential candidates are. They're hoping to make an impression at the first-in-the-nation caucus. How, Ron, would you assess the Democratic contest right now?","Yes, they all go to the state fair. There seems to be a certain legitimacy that's conferred by posing for pictures with a cow made entirely of butter. The state fair is the unofficial starting gun, as you say, for the Iowa caucuses six months away.","Right now, it's mostly a test of who can be the biggest anti-Trump or who's calling him a racist or who's not calling him a white nationalist or who is or isn't calling for his impeachment. The typical Iowan would probably rather talk about different plans for health care or tariffs on China and China's lack of purchases of some of their products, but talking about Trump gets headlines and brings the cameras.","And China, as you mentioned - the U. S.  has again escalated its trade war with China. The Trump administration labeled China a currency manipulator. That's after China devalued its currency. And that came right after new tariffs the president announced last week. All that has the stock market bouncing around. How is this affecting the presidential race?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The stock market bouncing around means that its values are changing rapidly.","questions":"Which term describes the state of the stock market?","answer":"State"}
{"text":["Yeah, Phillips Andover Academy. And David Halberstam actually unearthed this better than anybody when David was working on a book on Belichick, \"Education Of A Coach. \"And Ernie Adams is such a historian that he wanted to meet the great David Halberstam. And I think they traded questions. Every time David would ask Ernie something, Ernie could ask a Vietnam question of the late, great David Halberstam.","Yeah, so what does he do during a game?What does he do for the team?","Well, there's no question. During the games he's up in the booth with a headset and there's an emergency line down to the field with an orange piece of tape that says Ernie. It's a dedicated line for him. And if you see a controversial play or a play where they might dispute or throw the red bag to get a replay, those are carefully selected challenges. And Ernie, I believe, makes all the calls on those, like, this is worth the risk 'cause you lose a time out if you make the challenge and it's upheld. So if you go back - and there's an excellent NFL Films video from the Super Bowl last year and Ernie does speak a little bit in that. And it's pretty clear that he sniffed out the play that Pete Carroll ran from the one-yard line at the end of the game, which Malcolm Butler intercepted to win the Super Bowl. The Patriots had worked on that repeatedly on Friday. . .","Oh, my."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) is an expression of surprise. The implied meaning is an expression of admiration.","questions":"How did PersonB react to turn 2?","answer":"surprised"}
{"text":["Let's go deeper, linguistically into this. When, at the time that I spoke with Reverend Jackson, and this was yesterday, we believed, knowing what we did, we being most of the press, that he had said that Senator Obama had emasculated himself. As it turned out, the phrase was much rougher and much more, you know, I want to blank, blank, blank. Is there a difference between those two ways, neither of them particularly nice, of parsing out lack of manhood?","Well, you know, I actually read that slightly differently. When I heard about the specific comments and the castration and sort of the anger in which it was delivered, even though it was a whisper of. I immediately began to think back historically about, you know, the ways and which powerful black men, or uppity black men were punished.","And it was, you know, the threat of castration was very real in the 19th century. And there's a moment of irony that Jesse Jackson would want to assert his power, his relevance, to Barack Obama's campaign by placing himself over Barack in a sense in suggesting that he is the man and also capable of taking Barack's manhood away.","Coming up this weekend, we have the start of the NAACP's annual convention and although he has not started yet, Ben Jealous is the incoming president. He's 35. He's going to be the youngest president ever of the NAACP. We seem to be seeing a generational shift overall. Is there going to be blood on the floor, metaphorically, as this shift happens?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Jesse Jackson wanted to assert his power over Obama by threatening his manhood","questions":"What was Jesse Jackson's intention towards Obama's manhood?","answer":"Jesse"}
{"text":["It's good to be here, Tony.","You know, you've been getting pretty hot under the collar about this issue, I understand. Why is it such a concern for you?","It's a concern for me because it's a misunderstanding that a lot of ex-convicts have. If you have a felony it has been in the past that often states do restrict or disenfranchise those who have a felony conviction. Those laws have changed over the years, and now in most states it's no longer the case, or there are means by which you can get your civil rights back. But a lot of people - a lot of ex-convicts or felons that I knew that ended up in my court system simply rested on the false notion that they did not have the ability to vote. And that ended and that kept them from further embracing or engaging in the community, and kept them separate, and apart, and not where they needed to be.","Is it a situation where an ex-felon is allowed - is entitled to have his or her voting rights restored, but the process by which those voting rights are restored is so cumbersome that they either don't know about it or they don't go through it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : under the collar implies very much concerned and restless about the situation ","questions":"What does \"under the collar\" mean?","answer":"Concerned"}
{"text":["ORDO\u00d1EZ: Well, Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney was on shows this morning defending the administration, defending the White House, saying Democrats like Swalwell, who we just heard, are trying to score political points on the tragedy, saying that about some of the other Democratic candidates who are still in the presidential race. Mulvaney himself is calling the shooter a sick person and says drawing anything other than that is wrong or fair - trying to blame the president is unfair.","This was a sick person. The person in Dayton was a sick person. No politician is to blame for that. The people responsible here are the people who pulled the trigger. We need to figure out how to create less of those kinds of people as a society and not trying to figure out who gets blamed going into the next election.","ORDO\u00d1EZ: And Trump himself, you know, at a rally in Charlotte last year, he said the White House didn't blame Bernie Sanders when one of his supporters went out and shot a Republican lawmaker during a baseball practice. They're saying they want the same type of response.",": And where does the White House stand in terms of policy solutions?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Mulvaney is defending the White House and administration","questions":"Which politician is Mulvaney defending?","answer":"administration"}
{"text":["And the question has to be raised. With his support - outspoken support - for Vladimir Putin, for Kim Jong Un, for President Duterte - forgive me - the president of the Philippines - not working well today - does the president send the message that dictators can do as they please?","The president - let's be frank - came to power promising to disrupt official Washington and the way things have been done, including in terms of our relationships with just about every other country. And that is a promise on which the president has delivered. And his base voters are delighted with it, even if it gives pause to members of Congress and people in the media and other observers.","Ron Elving, thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president's disruptive foreign policy is popular among his base but concerning to others.","questions":"How is the president's foreign policy viewed among his base?","answer":"Popular"}
{"text":["And did people confront you?","The Daily Stormer readers clearly thought it was me from the comments that were directed at me that very clearly said that I hope - Dean better hope he dies of natural causes before we get him, things like we should hang him from an elm tree. And in their comments, they clearly saw - thought I was a terrorist. And just so it's clear for people, The Daily Stormer is not your average white supremacist neo-Nazi publication, if there is such one. It is one where readers go to, they exchange information. They animate each other into action.","And readers of The Daily Stormer have committed acts of violence. James Jackson, who I wrote about that May 2017 article, came to New York in March from Maryland to start a race war and killed an elderly African American man and thankfully was arrested before he could kill others. And others have read this publication. So when they say confront you there, it's not a normal publication saying, go challenge his opinions. It is direct action, encouraging people to literally confront me and to commit acts of violence.","OK. But I'm just curious about why, if you feel that these people are promoting and fomenting violence, why isn't this a criminal matter as opposed to a civil matter?I mean, a civil matter is between two private parties, and the only consequence could be money, right?That's the only way it can be a remedy. But if you feel that this group is actually encouraging violence, why isn't this a criminal complaint?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Daily Stormer readers are not just exchanging information but also inciting each other to commit violent acts.","questions":"How have readers of The Daily Stormer been behaving?","answer":"Violently"}
{"text":["The stakes are high and many citizens have concerns about voter intimidation and fraud. For more we've got Violet Gonda. She is a Zimbabwean journalist with SW Radio Africa, an independent station which broadcasts from London into Zimbabwe. She is currently on a night fellowship at Stamford University. Violet, welcome.","Hi, Farai, and thank you for having me on the program.","Let's back up a little bit into the history of Zimbabwe. In 1980 it became one of the last African nations to shed its colonial government, and when Robert Mugabe came to power he was among other things open to white farmers and other whites staying in Zimbabwe. Over the years he redistributed the land and a lot of people see the current economic collapse as a result of this land ownership change. But what other factors played into Zimbabwe going from where it was in 1980 to where it is today?","When Mugabe authorized the violent takeover of land, he basically directly affected millions of people. And then also the other issue were Mugabe's economic policies. For example, a bloated or rather large government means that not only did the economy suffer when he took over the farms but we also had a government that was living far, far, far beyond, you know, its means. Also the economic policies churned out by the regime were not in the best interest of the majority of the people but the best interest of the ruling party."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone ","questions":"What does PersonA imply about their presence on the program?","answer":"Thanks"}
{"text":["Oh, no. There was a rally last week, but it was a - that was a buffoon bus. And it was a - it was a freak show, to be honest with you. I mean, it really was bizarre. I mean, it was a bunch of people from out of town in a bus, you know, yelling and screaming. I mean, it really was not much of anything, but. . .","I just want to interject. They may not share that characterization, but go ahead please, sir.","Yeah, I'm sure they don't, but it's accurate (laughter). But I really had no serious challenge from the left or the right. My re-election prospects looked quite good, actually. Most of my colleagues have multiple opponents. You know, I had just one who announced in the right, and I had one who announced from the left, but neither of whom are particularly viable.","Why leave when, arguably, your voice - it's more important than ever that you be heard?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - This turn implies that the speaker is urging the other speaker to stay and lend their voice to the debate, as their opinion is important and relevant.","questions":"How would you describe the tone of the speaker in turn 3?","answer":"Urging"}
{"text":["Well, that's right. There's obviously not a lot of nuance that can be conveyed in either a four-page letter or a 140-character tweet. And President Trump has been very clear in trying to establish a political narrative around what the attorney general has characterized as the findings in the report. So the question is, is there anything that's going to change, essentially, the political point of view surrounding this report that we're going to learn?Or, essentially, has the news cycle moved on?","Remember, President Trump has had such a consistent approval and disapproval rating. Basically, people's minds are made up about the president. And so I think, from the point of view of Washington and politics, one big question - is there anything in this report - any fact, any conclusion, any information - that offers the possibility of changing the minds of the very few people whose minds are still available to be changed about the president?","Right. I mean, did poll numbers tell us anything even when the summary first came out?We've had, you know, some time since then.","Well, that's right. I mean, look. Consistently, surveys have shown that people in both parties want the report released. It took a little bit of time, but you have seen Republicans migrating around to the narrative that the president has offered for them that, in fact, this report does offer exoneration and vindication. But interestingly, the president himself appears to be somewhat more nervous and concerned about what is actually in this report than he was initially."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The President is worried about the contents of the report despite claiming exoneration and vindication.","questions":"How is the President feeling about the report?","answer":"Worried."}
{"text":["The tech companies cover a whole spectrum of businesses. And I think you'd have to go through the processes and procedures we have in place to look at, are they hurting competition, and are they negatively affecting the prices that consumers pay for their services and their goods.","Well, a lot of research has been done into it. What do you think?Do you think they are?","I think that Amazon, in certain ways, clearly is restraining the creation of businesses. And I think that's an important filter. That's my entrepreneurial filter. I mean, Amazon is able to see which of their vendors are most successful in selling their products. And then if Amazon decides to, they can go and acquire that specific company. That seems like an unfair competitive advantage to many people.","You said that red tape is preventing the creation of businesses. President Trump has famously made deregulation a big part of his pitch to the American people. Does President Trump have a point?Are we an overly regulated society?","When you get rid of all the regulations, as Donald Trump is suggesting, really, we become incredibly vulnerable to what appear to be small decisions, but they become bigger decisions. We need regulation. What I was saying is we don't need red tape, right?While I was governor, we went through 24,500 rules and regulations. And we looked for the red tape that really is not adding regulatory value."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Tech companies may have negative impact on competition and consumer prices.","questions":"How do some people view Amazon's competitive advantage?","answer":"Unfair"}
{"text":["The narrower strike, I think, on chemical weapons, there probably would be - would have been a favorable vote because most - this is a - this has nothing - in a sense, it's not Syria. We're against chemical weapons wherever and however they're used. So that kind of strike, I think, has a justification in international law and in history. But it's the idea of a - intervening in this tragic civil war, I think, is a much broader question.","A while ago, Senator King, you were among those people in the Senate who supported greater support for Syrian rebels in the hope that they might be able to overturn the Assad regime. How do you feel about that now?Has the time for that opportunity passed?Does a strike like this promote that or have got nothing to do with it?","I don't think it has much to do with, as I say, the overall calculus on the battlefield in the civil war. And I'm afraid you may be right. Clearly, the momentum at this point is with Assad. The critical moment was when Russia came in in support of the Assad regime. And then you add Iran, Hezbollah and the other support that they're getting, all you'd have to do is look at the map. Two years ago, the opposition controlled a great deal of the country. And now, that territory is narrowing. And the fight now, this alleged chemical attack, took place in the Damascus suburbs.","So what should the U. S.  strategic goal be as far as you're concerned?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The opposition has lost territory and the alleged chemical attack took place in Damascus suburbs","questions":"How did the opposition's territory change in the past two years?","answer":"Lost"}
{"text":["The doctor who looked at the girl apparently waged a very diligent effort to stop the family separation. He tried to persuade the agent for the next several hours on Thursday not to separate the family. It was left unresolved Thursday night. The doctor even stayed an hour beyond his shift trying to protect the family. The next morning, he came back to work. There was another agent on duty. He convinced that agent not to separate the family, and the family was allowed to stay together in the United States.","You are very plugged in down there in this region, been working there for years. Did Border Patrol have anything to say to you about what happened?","I asked the Department of Homeland Security for comment yesterday. The local Customs and Border Protection officials referred me to them. They had no response at all.","OK. So Tania, Joseph and the kids now allowed to stay in the United States. What happens next for them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Plugged in\" isn't literal. It implies that 'A' knows what is going on in the region, perhaps because they have journalistic sources there.","questions":"How would you describe the reason 'A' knows what's happening in the region?","answer":"Knowledge"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes.","Condoleezza Rice holds historic talks with Libya's Moammar Gadhafi, and the South African president tries to get political rivals in Zimbabwe to reconcile. For that and more in our Africa Update, we've got Emira Woods, she is co-director of Foreign Policy in Focus at the Institute for Policy Studies. Hey, how are you doing?","Hey. So great to be in the same room with you.","I know, I get to do it every now and then. And every time I do, you're wearing an incredible tailored African outfit. One day we will have to take a picture and put it up on our newsandviews blog."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Emira Woods will give an update on Africa.","questions":"Which co-director of Foreign Policy in Focus at the Institute for Policy Studies will be discussing Africa?","answer":"Affiliated."}
{"text":["I think it does make a difference. Different presidents, Lyndon Johnson and Carter, did a great deal in adding blacks to the - at least, district court bench, not as much on the appellate courts. So, I think it is a little easier. You have one man. If he is dedicated to the idea of having a diverse judiciary, and they're lifetime appointments, you're Article Three judges, so you do have a better chance.","On the state level, it tends to be so local with local prejudices and wants. In Ohio, we were talking about, there's a name game going on. Seats constantly being taken by guys with the same name. And a lot of people, in elected places, don't know who the judges are.","When you have 40 judges on the common pleas court bench, the odds that you don't know who they are, what they represent because they can't say anything really profound in their campaigning other then I will be fair and impartial, you don't know about their background. It's a difficult thing to do.","All of this said, given your experience, what do you think that some African-American judges can bring, first of all, in the courtroom, dealing with people who are accused of crimes, but secondly, among their colleagues."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"adding blacks to the - at least, district court bench\" - Literal meaning: appointing black judges to the district court bench. Actual meaning: Increasing diversity in the judiciary.","questions":"Which bench?","answer":"judges"}
{"text":["So what we do is that when the cases come to my office, we first investigate. Once we know the perpetrator, we try to call or invite the person. If the person refuses, we collaborate with the legal department, issue the warrant of arrest. There, we come to the table of negotiation. If he's ready to negotiate, we try to negotiate and try to resettle the victim. If not, we take the case to the court.","Well, how long can the process take?","It can go three years, four years. It is indefinite.","Sister, you were honored at the White House earlier this week. What role can the United States play in trying to combat human trafficking?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of the turn is to ask what role the United States can play in trying to combat human trafficking. The implied meaning is to ask what role the United States should play in trying to combat human trafficking.","questions":"How does turn 3 relate to the process of investigating and resolving human trafficking cases discussed by A?","answer":"ask"}
{"text":["It's necessary because of the drop in consumption.","When the government is spending over $150 billion on a stimulus bill like this, will that have a long run effect on how every person gets a check has to pay out their taxes in the future, has to deal with the realities of how much service the federal government can give in the future?I mean, will there be a sort of back-end re-tax for people who might get a cut in the short run?","I wouldn't put it that way. The problem is in the short run will people be much worse off and will they be able to recover from that?Because during a recession it's not unusual for families to lose two or three percent of their income. So the issue is do you want to lose that two or three percent because in the future you don't want to get a tiny tax increase to balance the budget.","So I think you have to think about what's the potential loss in income, which can be huge if we have a severe recession, or even a mild recession like the one we had in 2001."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The long-term effects of the government's stimulus bill on taxes and services are a concern.","questions":"What is the concern regarding the government's stimulus bill?","answer":"Concern"}
{"text":["One of the points that you make in the book is that there were always competitors to Boas' ideas. In fact, one of his sort of chief antagonists was a person named Grant. What's. . .","Madison Grant, yeah.","Madison Grant, who actually created some of the institutions which continue to survive today as anti-immigrant think tanks.","That's right. On the one hand, Madison Grant - you know, we owe the survival of the American bison to him. We owe so many of the great conservation institutions to him and conservation areas in the American West to him. But he at the same time believed deeply that what he was seeing in New York - he was from New York, living in New York - was the same thing he had experienced in traveling through the American West - that is, he understood what it was like when noble creatures could suddenly be brought down by invading species or their environment changing, and suddenly, the bison, the elk, the wolf were in danger."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : on the one hand refers to one argument a person might have, or an opinion","questions":"What did Madison Grant believe about the environment and invading species?","answer":"Believed"}
{"text":["Tomorrow, car sales numbers for November are due out, and they're not expected to be good. That could lead to more dealerships shutting down, and that could mean a big loss of revenue for local governments. For example, this year, the state of California has lost at least two billion dollars in sales taxes due to the drop in car sales.","To get a better sense of how local governments are coping, we're joined now by Marshall Bond. He is the city manager for Monroeville, Pennsylvania. Thanks for joining us, and why don't you tell us how many car dealerships are in Monroeville?","Just about every major domestic and foreign manufacturer sells cars here in Monroeville.","And so, how much of your budget comes from the revenue from car sales at these dealerships?","We have a business tax which obviously is, I'd say, probably of that - I'd say total tax is probably about 15 to 20 percent is based upon our related car industry."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A significant portion of Monroeville's tax revenue comes from the car industry","questions":"Which industry contributes a significant portion of Monroeville's tax revenue?","answer":"Car"}
{"text":["The State Department has said that the ambassador concluded her three-year diplomatic assignment in Kyiv as planned, that there was no kind of retribution or she was not yanked back unceremoniously. Why are there doubts on that in the diplomatic community?","My understanding is that Ambassador Yovanovitch had been expected to stay on in her position through the end of the summer. And then suddenly in May, there was a torrent of criticism, including a tweet by the president's son, Don Jr. , calling her a joker and calling for her dismissal and a bunch of Fox News segments criticizing her. And then, lo and behold, she was called back, and the explanation was put out that this was as planned. But it was completely inconsistent with everything else we understood about her term and expected tenure in Ukraine. And the notion that this was done to coincide with a transition of power in Ukraine is very far from standard practice. That doesn't make any sense.","I can see your eyebrows raised from here about this whole story. And I guess what is the lesson that you think other State Department workers are taking from this?Is it the idea that you're vulnerable to attack from the president?Is it becoming a target of right-wing sites?Like, what is the thing that you think will have a chilling effect?","The core problem here, which Congress is appropriately focusing on in the impeachment hearings, are primarily about, is the president abusing his power and what looks like withholding military assistance to a vulnerable partner country in order to advance his political aims?So that's No. 1, and that's front and center."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She was not abruptly forced to return with no reason given.","questions":"How was Ambassador Yovanovitch's return to the US described by the State Department?","answer":"Planned"}
{"text":["Well, interestingly enough, Tracy and Amy have actually played husband and wife eight previous times in different productions. And so many of the audience members come in and actually mistake them for a real couple, which they are not, unlike Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton, who were a real couple. And so it's interesting. Onstage they do come across as two people who have been together forever with all of those ineffable qualities of love and marriage and cruelty.","I'll put the plot just this way: a small college town dinner party from hell, in which the host and hostess play destructive verbal games. So, how do you get an audience to watch a three-hour play of a dinner party that they'd probably want to leave from as soon as possible?","There's a lot of wit. Of course, Edward Albee's classic play. And on stage, they're in this confined space. Unlike the film, they can't the leave the room. They can't get in the car and drive around. And so I think they rely a lot on their physicality and the comedy of that, the destruction of that. It's really interesting to see them sort of reinterpret this play just in one space with completely new characters. And it's as if this play were written five years ago instead of 50.","To the best of your knowledge, did they update it or is it just that, is it that penetrating?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : none","questions":"Which ineffable qualities do Tracy and Amy come across as having onstage?","answer":"Love"}
{"text":["The new head of the EPA, Lisa Jackson, says that she'll look at this, and quickly. How confident are you now that this is going to happen, and how soon?","Well, she's definitely going to look at it right away, because the president announced that he was asking her to do so. She also committed to us that she would. And I'm very confident, because if science is to prevail, we're going to get the waiver. The scientists at EPA said that EPA had no leg to stand on in terms of turning down a waiver so that we could have cleaner cars and lessen global warming in our state. Our state is really vulnerable to global warming, with our old forests and our coastlines and all the problems that we have so many people, so many cars. So we're ready to go. And the whole notion is that the federal government shouldn't stand in the way of progress here.","Senator Boxer, is it your intention that stricter standards adopted in California eventually become the standard for the rest of the country?","Well, actually 19 states have already embraced it, so we know that half of the country is already going to embrace it. As far as the other states, I don't know. But clearly, when half of the country has embraced our standards, we're going to see technology step up to the plate because they have this big market.","Auto makers, as you know, argue that the new standards would burden an already badly crippled industry. Legitimate or not legitimate?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The EPA had no facts to back up their reason for turning down a waiver.","questions":"How did the EPPersonA justify turning down the waiver?","answer":"Legitimate"}
{"text":["Well, the Chinese leadership has continued to see dialogue first with Kim Jong Un. They've had two publicly announced meetings with him. One of them came right in advance of North Korea's announcement that it was going to pursue a satellite launch. We don't know whether that subject was discussed in China. But, you know, the indicator suggests that China is still trying to figure out if there is a way that it can influence the situation in North Korea without taking measures that would enhance instability. The Chinese priority is basically to maintain stability in North Korea.","And so it was - it's willing to prop up that terrible regime if it will prevent that regime's collapse and the horrible situation that might ensue.","I think it's certainly the case that if you're, you know, looking at why North Korea still is there in the middle of this otherwise prosperous region, the hand of China is the critical explainer for why North Korea is still able to survive.","Xi Jinping has been in power just a brief time in Beijing, but in that time, we have seen increased pressure on the Senkaku Islands. These are the disputed islands unoccupied, uninhabited islands in the East China Sea. Japan has controlled them for, what, 100 years. China claims them as well. There had been confrontations in the past where patrol boats and fishing boats had exchanged even water canon spray. But this time, a Chinese patrol craft flew over the islands, and that's a different situation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker implies that propping up the North Korean regime may lead to negative consequences in the long term, despite short-term stability.","questions":"What is the potential long-term risk of propping up the North Korean regime according to the speaker?","answer":"Risk"}
{"text":["I am - my lips are sealed. But let's just say we are a certain kind of gypsy and we - it's very much like a family. When you've been touring together for six months or more and you're all living on a bus, you become very close and very supportive and close in good ways and bad ways.","But we feel very privileged to be able to do what we do. And the places we get to go, the people we get to meet, the stages we get to perform on, it's a privilege. It really is. It's something we don't ever want to take for granted.","I was, again, thinking back to that song, in that leafy neighborhood you described around Washington, D. C.","Well, actually, I was thinking about where I grew up - the first 10 years of my life - in Princeton, New Jersey, when I was describing that. But you're right, very much, lot of leafy neighborhoods in Washington where I have spent most of my life."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : We are not actually gypsies but a touring band","questions":"Which group is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Touring"}
{"text":["And I just am saying to my Republican friends, look, I get it. I understand that there's certain things that he's said that really you can't ever look that way, but take a look. We're still months away from the election.","Mr.  Kelly, if you were advising Donald Trump - and, you know, he might hear this - is there some magic sentence that he could come up with that would - that would help heal things over?","I think he's already worked in that direction. I - I've never met Mr.  Trump, by the way, but I have been watching him. I've watched a Donald Trump who's different today than the Donald Trump I saw three or four weeks ago. I think he is a man who does understand messaging. He understands talking to people.","And as I said earlier, Mr.  Trump's success was not based just on his own ability and his own talent. It was working with many other people to get to something that was mutually beneficial. I've watched Mr.  Ryan. And I said before, he has more depth than the Pacific Ocean when it comes to policy, but he also works well with people to get to some common ground that makes sense. I would just say this - and Donald Trump doesn't need any advice from Mike Kelly. Paul Ryan doesn't need any advice from Mike Kelly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) A's comment that Paul Ryan doesn't need any advice from Mike Kelly implies that Kelly may not have the expertise or authority to offer advice to a seasoned politician like Ryan, or that Ryan may not be receptive to unsolicited advice.","questions":"What does PersonA think about Mike Kelly's ability to offer advice to Paul Ryan?","answer":"Mike"}
{"text":["So, do think we will see these two again?Do you think Lisicki will get another chance?","Well, I think she will. I think she'll have other chances, and it was very, very sweet of Marion Bartoli to say that during the trophy presentation, that she had no doubt that Sabine Lisicki would be back. But once again, the one thing we know about sports is we don't know anything; is that you have no idea who's going to be back, and if you think that next year is your year, you just don't know. And, obviously, with the competition being what it is, let's - you think Serena Williams is sitting at home right now thinking, oh, well, I won't be back. Of course she'll be back. Maria Sharapova will be back. Victoria Azarenka will be back. There are a lot of great young players. Sloan Stephens, the American, will be a huge contender for championships to come.","So, that's the reason why so many professional athletes will tell you, when you're on stage, when it's your moment, you've got to take it because you don't know when that moment's coming again, if it ever does.","Now, the big moment has come for Andy Murray and, of course, the hopes of all Britain are riding on him. He plays Novak Djokovic. What do you think's going to happen?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The actual meaning of this turn is that professional athletes should take advantage of the opportunities they have and make the most of them, because they may not get the same opportunity again.","questions":"Which athletes should take advantage of their opportunities?","answer":"All"}
{"text":["And the spider is still paralyzed.","That's right. So interestingly enough, if the egg doesn't hatch, the tarantula can actually recover and go on its way. But more often that larvae will hatch and eat its way into the living but still paralyzed tarantula, and it'll feed on that tarantula for several weeks. And at least some species will selectively feed on non-vital organs first to keep the tarantula alive longer.","What would happen to me if I stepped on this wasp?","The tarantula hawk is a bit infamous in that it has one of the more painful stings known to man. There are actually a number of sting pain indices and in all of these indices the tarantula hawk ranks right up top in that the pain associated with this sting has been described as traumatic, debilitating, instantly excruciating, so it's bad. You don't want to step on these guys."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indicating that they are unable or unwilling to attend the party, but is also expressing a sense of regret or apology for their absence. The tone and context of the situation may affect the implied meaning, as the speaker could also be indicating a desire to attend a future event or to connect with the listener in another way, or they may be suggesting that the party is not a priority or that they have other obligations or commitments. Additionally, the speaker may or may not provide a reason for their absence, which could further affect the implied meaning.","questions":"What insect's sting is described as \"traumatic, debilitating, instantly excruciating\"?","answer":"Tarantula"}
{"text":["And Border Patrol agents are making a lot of trips to the hospital with sick children up and down the Southwest border - nearly 70 kids a day since December, they say. But immigration officials say it's just hard to keep up with the sheer numbers here. It's putting a huge strain on resources, and they're asking Congress for billions of additional dollars to deal with it.","In the meantime, what more have you learned in your reporting about the death of Carlos Hernandez Vasquez?","Well, a couple of things. One thing that really stands out is that Carlos Hernandez Vasquez died in a Border Patrol station. The previous migrant children who died were taken to the hospital first; Hernandez Vasquez was not even though immigration authorities clearly knew that he was sick. He was diagnosed with the flu by a nurse practitioner.","On the same day, Customs and Border Protection moved him to a different Border Patrol station where they could separate him from the other migrants to stop the spread of the flu. Even Health and Human Services officials were concerned about how ill he was. This is the agency that's responsible for long-term care of unaccompanied children. And HHS decided that Hernandez Vasquez could not be flown to a shelter in Florida because of his illness. So in retrospect, critics say it's hard to see why they did not take him to the hospital."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The situation of sick children at the border is worse than immigration officials claim","questions":"How many children are being taken to the hospital daily since December according to Border Patrol agents?","answer":"70"}
{"text":["Yes.","I just wondered what that photograph brought up for you that made you want to have it as the cover of your album.","That photograph hit me like a ton of bricks. You know, I had - they had sent me about nine pictures, you know, trying to find something for the album. I didn't see the others. That was the only one I saw, and it grabbed me. You know, these little babies standing on the outside. They want to swing. They want to go on the slide.","And it kind of reminded me of my sisters and I. We had that problem when we were growing up. We couldn't go to the beach. We couldn't go to the park. We wanted some grass. Where we lived, we didn't really have any grass. You know, we'd have to play in a vacant lot with dirt and glass. So that photograph grabbed me in the heart and almost brought me to tears. I said, this is the one.","(Singing) Look at us now. Remember when. We've come a long, long way. We tell ourselves stories only we can believe. It's always hard, so hard to leave.","Does singing these songs give you courage?Do you hope it gives other people courage?What do you hope it gives them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker's childhood experiences were similar to those in the photograph","questions":"Which childhood experience of the speaker was triggered by the photograph?","answer":"grass"}
{"text":["No, I was never asked. But I did offer in a made-for-TV. No, just kidding (laughter).","Even if you're not helping to prepare Hillary Clinton for the debate, would you give her any advice on how to - if I might put it this way - provoke Donald Trump?","Oh yeah, that's easy. Yeah, I mean, look, Donald Trump has got unlimited number of insecurities. But the No. 1 one thing, I would say, is his insecurity with his intellect. There's a reason why he always refers to where he went to college and, you know, that I'm a smart person.","You know, it may be narcissism. But I think it really reflects an insecurity. And if I was in a debate against him, I wouldn't do it all the time. But I'd pick my spots just to smile and shake my head, you know, and make sure he sees it because that will drive him nuts because it'll be just a passive-aggressive way to question his intellect."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Suggests that Donald Trump is insecure about his intelligence.","questions":"What is the No.1 insecurity of Donald Trump according to A?","answer":"Intellect"}
{"text":["Yeah?",". . . Is this important, really, at the end of the day?Or is this all a distraction?","Well, in a lot of ways, this is a distraction from the larger issue, which is the Russia investigation and the concern that Russia's been influencing our elections, right?But in the one side, who was involved or who did what with whom?The real problem is that Russia is attacking our body politics. And we have to come together as Republicans, Democrats and really fight back against that problem because we've got by-elections coming up here in 2018.","Jamil Jaffer is the founder of the National Security Institute. Thank you very much for joining us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B believes that the topic being discussed is not important.","questions":"How does PersonB feel about the relevance of the topic?","answer":"Distraction"}
{"text":["I think myself and Terrell Tilford and Addis Art Gallery, we started to create a wonderful sort of section and really watched the neighborhood change. You know, you change from the car repair shops and you get little cafes and so on. And, unfortunately, what happens with most artists is that you make a place more beautiful, and everybody puts the rent up.","So, off to the eastern outpost of Atwater Village, which had one gallery when I got there two years ago, which now has - it's about to open its seventh gallery. So, I think I've got a track record of bringing good stuff with me.","Tell us about the kind of artists you represent?","Well, one of the things - just before I do that, I think it also sort of represents your neighborhood as well because the clientele that comes in the door is considerably different. And so, I have now Armenians and Asians and Africans, and it's exactly how I pictured it in my mind. And it's coming true there.","The artists that I show are basically artists of the African Diaspora, number one. The fact that I am an Angelino, and I live in Los Angeles, I show Angelino artists, as well. If you happen to be an immigrant who lives in Los Angeles, and you're a fantastic artist, I am very happy to see your work as well."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The narrator can visualized the art like how all artists done. ","questions":"How does the narrator's clientele differ from the previous neighborhood?","answer":"Different"}
{"text":["The happiness course has been running for a couple of weeks. Any immediate reaction?","Teachers are telling me that they themselves are finding lot of calmness, lot of improvement in their behavior because they also sit into mindfulness with their students. So that's bringing a change in the teacher's approach also.","You've been sitting in on a lot of these classes. Are you happier?","Yeah, I'm feeling happier because if my kids are happier, my teachers are happier, then an education minister himself is happier."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mindfulness practices in class help teachers improve behavior","questions":"Which practice helps teachers improve behavior?","answer":"Mindfulness"}
{"text":["Although there has been some criticism that this team represents a very centrist, pragmatic approach instead of a more ambitious approach that maybe you've been calling for.","Well, they've been talking pretty ambitious so far. We'll see. They are centrists, that's for sure. Within the Democratic Party, nobody would look at this group and say, that's a bunch of lefties.","That is certainly right, but I think they're thinking big. And you know, in Geithner's case, along with Bernanke, at the Fed they've been doing big. The Fed has been doing one unprecedented, amazing thing after another.","Yeah, to mixed success, though."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Geithner and Bernanke have been taking bold, unprecedented actions at the Fed","questions":"Which two individuals have been taking unprecedented actions at the Fed?","answer":"Geithner"}
{"text":["Well, look, I like the fact that we've eliminated pre-existing conditions. I think that's really important. But Ronald Reagan expanded Medicaid a number of times and he didn't need Obamacare, OK?And my feeling about Medicaid is we've been able to manage this program. And by bringing Ohio money back to Ohio to treat the mentally ill, the drug addicted and the working poor, it's not - we're not only ahead on an arithmetic basis, but we think it's the right issue in terms of giving people a chance and an ability to be lifted.","Biographical question - did you ever consider becoming a priest?","Well, when I was a kid, really early in my life, you know, all Catholic altar boys I think at one time or another thought about being a priest. But then that just wasn't in the cards for me.","But I gather religion is an important factor in your life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Did you ever consider dedicating your life to a religious ","questions":"Which factor did PersonB mention as important in PersonA's life?","answer":"Religion"}
{"text":["(Laughter) Yes, they. . .","That's my pirate.","That was very impressive. I was whisked back to the Caribbean. But we should honor pirates for being pioneers of workers' rights. They were surprisingly progressive in their employment policy. They elected the captains democratically. There was profit-sharing agreements.","And the pirates even had an early version of workers' comp. So some of the pirate booty would go into a common fund to repay the pirates who had lost limbs or eyes. So those peg legs and hooks, they were subsidized. And by the way, I was going to make an argh-bitration joke, but you beat me to it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Pirates were surprisingly progressive in their employment policy","questions":"How were pirates in their employment policy?","answer":"Progressive"}
{"text":["Yes. William Jefferson, going for his 10th term in the New Orleans district, was defeated by Anh Joseph Cao - that's spelled C-A-O - who will become the first Vietnamese American to serve in Congress. He's a Republican. He's a lawyer, very little known about him, very little campaigning done.","He is, in a sense, a kind of accidental winner here. What happened was that they had several phases of this election to winnow down an enormous Democratic field. Out of that big field, William Jefferson still emerged the favorite of the Democrats. This is a very heavily African-American district, at least historically. And he emerged as the Democratic nominee, Joe Cao as the Republican.","And here in the end, in a terribly small turnout on Saturday, in a turnout where visually, it appeared that the African-American community was very under represented, very small turnout, maybe one in 10. In that situation and with a lot, also, of the black constituents there voting for the Republican, Billy Jefferson was narrowly defeated, and we have a new congressman from New Orleans, a Republican named Joe Cao.","Well, we should note also that Congressman Jefferson is facing 16 federal indictments. Was that the main reason behind his defeat?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : going for his 10th term' implies that William Jefferson is a long-standing congressman","questions":"Which term was William Jefferson going for?","answer":"10th"}
{"text":["So we really need to do research and try to pin that down. Another thing that's critical is - so what is the long-term prospect for our cities and our ports?How much is the sea level going to rise?What are our coast lines going to look like?Well, that depends upon how fast Greenland and parts of the West Antarctic ice sheet melt. That's a big unknown.","There was a piece appearing in the New York Times this week that described new research that basically found even if we curb emissions now, climate change will likely continue until at least the year 3000. Do you feel like there is any solution?Can we ever go back?","We should not think about the fact that we're going to be pristine and back what we were like before the industrial revolution. I think we have to have a different notion. We have used the industrial revolution to get rich. We've improved our quality of life. Now, those very techniques are reducing the quality of life through environmental side effects. Let's try to prevent it from getting a lot worse.","So while we can't stop a few degrees of warming on top of where we already are, we can stop the 10 degrees. My notion is do as much as you can, as fast as you can, as fairly as you can, and as cost effectively as you can, and don't get hung up on the numbers because three degrees is a lot better than six, and 10 degrees is dramatically worse than any other numbers."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They need to do research and find out the answer that they are looking for.","questions":"How critical is it to find out the answer they are looking for?","answer":"Critical"}
{"text":["You're welcome.","Not to belabor this obvious point, but is this as dangerous as it sounds?","It is. And because it's becoming precariously dangerous situation for the east coast of Florida - meaning it may officially stay offshore but still spread the core of its severe impacts right along the coastline - I think that's something that we should emphasize, is that - and I think it was mentioned off the top of the hour - we need our listeners from our member stations in Miami, WLRN, all the way to Jacksonville, WJCT, to take this seriously, especially if you live east of that I-95 corridor because there is an increasing chance now the core - and we're talking the eye wall - of major Hurricane Dorian will brush the coastline.","That could mean winds well above hurricane strength. That could bring storm surge, storm surge warnings and hurricane warnings in effect. So I think that's what's the most dangerous part of this storm is actually the fact that it may be not coming ashore directly, and residents may not be taking it seriously at this point.","Has the storm reached full strength, or is there any possibility that it could intensify?","It likely has reached close to its full strength. It's approaching or moving over the islands now of the Northern Bahamas. And it's also showing signs of going through a eye wall replacement cycle. That will likely occur in the next 24 hours. So the strength is going to fluctuate."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The hurricane may cause severe impacts along the coastline despite staying offshore.","questions":"What is the most dangerous part of the storm despite it not coming ashore directly?","answer":"core"}
{"text":["The show was political. I mean, it didn't shy away from really difficult issues, took sharp aim at President Trump on several occasions. Did that play into Netflix's decision to cancel it, do we have any idea?","I don't get any sense that Netflix canceled it over the political content. If anything, the political content is one of the reasons why they treated this cancellation a bit differently and a bit more gently than they ordinarily do - because there were not a lot of shows out there about a Latin American family with a predominantly Latinx cast dealing with these issues about immigration, LGBTQ issues. You know, every episode has some kind of hot-button subject. You know, one of the characters is a recovering alcoholic. Another has PTSD from serving in the military. So it touched on a lot of things.","And that was one of the things the audience loved about it. I don't think, based on a lot of the other content Netflix has, that that would have been a reason to get rid of it. I think it was purely a financial decision or, you know, whatever the finances actually were.","And the show can't just get plucked up by someone else."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The show cannot be picked up by another network or platform, indicating a potential end to the series.","questions":"What does the statement in turn 3 suggest about the future of the show?","answer":"End"}
{"text":["I'm Tony Cox, and this is News & Notes. Ending a relationship is never easy. The person breaking up often tries to use words to soften the blow. I'm not ready to be in a committed relationship or it's not you, it's me. And the person being dumped is left trying to figure out just where things went wrong. A year ago, author Rachel Skerritt decided that she wanted to get to the bottom of all of her ex-boyfriends' vague explanations for ending their relationships. So, she called the men in her past and asked them to tell her exactly why they stopped wanting to be with her. Rachel joins me now. Welcome to News & Notes, Rachel.","Thanks, Tony.","Rachel, why in the world would you want to know this?","Well, I'm a tough cookie. I should say that first off, but I'm also a writer and the idea came to me after that whole \"He's Just Not That Into You\" phenomenon, the book not the movie. And a lot of my friends were reading it as if they had found, you know, the answers to everything. Oh, he's just not that into me, that explains it. But there was this whole missing why piece, why not. And as you said, guys seem trained to give these stock answers so as not to hurt feelings, but I really wanted the real deal. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Responding to say that A is a tough cookie is implying that she is strong enough to handle the truth of why B or past boyfriends were not that into her.","questions":"Which word did PersonB use to describe PersonA's ability to handle the truth about why her past boyfriends ended their relationships?","answer":"strong"}
{"text":["We've got two foreign vessels in Iranian custody. We've got one Iranian tanker in British custody and no sign of the tensions cooling off. So what happens next is the big question and a lot of the options are not that great. I mean, remember, this is all happening in the context of the Trump administration's maximum pressure campaign against Iran.","Trump has been saying the return of American sanctions on Iran and other pressures are all designed to force Iran back to the negotiating table to hammer out a tougher version of the 2015 nuclear agreement - that's the one Trump pulled the U. S.  out of. So far, Iran's unanimous response from the military to the supreme leader has been, nope, Iran doesn't negotiate under pressure. We're not going to do it. So we'll have to see if this continuation of commercial vessels being seized in the Persian Gulf adds more pressure for some kind of international response.","That's NPR's Peter Kenyon in Istanbul.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The tensions do not cool as they are hot but they do lesson.","questions":"What is the context of the tensions in the Persian Gulf?","answer":"context"}
{"text":["Why?","Because it's like they don't have an agenda. They are just naturally funny.","I see a little boy break a grown man down so bad, one time, in the mall. We was in the sunglass department. The man tried on the sunglasses, he put the glasses on, he looked down at the little boy, he said, how these look?Little boy looked at him, he said, \"They look good, now all you got to do is get your teeth fixed. \"","Kids don't have an agenda. They just say what they see and then old people they just tell the truth. So - so, you know. I live in South Florida. And where I live is a predominantly retirement community. And one day, you know, how the new - the new fashion thing is your bra strap shows. You know, you could wear like a tube top and you have a fashion bra-bra, fashionable bra one. So I'm standing in line at the post office and this old lady taps me on the shoulder, she goes, sweetheart, your bra is showing.","And I look at her like, but it's pink. So I love that. I love people that are like generally funny and just on it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : kids and old people can be refreshingly honest because they are not always trying to please others or conform to social norms.","questions":"What is the reason for the man's need to fix his teeth, according to the little boy in the mall?","answer":"Teeth"}
{"text":["I was shocked by that on a number of levels. You know, the first thing that shocked people about the call, obviously, is the notion of the president withholding military aid and trying to bully the Ukrainians into doing personal favors. This is, obviously, a big deal. But in the middle of all that, what struck me and, as I say, even shocked me was his willingness to disparage our ambassador to Ukraine in a call with a foreign leader, referring to her as the woman and saying she was bad news and then vaguely but, frankly, ominously saying to the president of Ukraine that she was going to go through some things.","Let's give her name. It's Marie Yovanovitch. Tell us about her. What's her reputation in the diplomatic community?","So Marie Yovanovitch - and she goes by Masha. Masha was one of the most respected and longstanding members of our foreign service. She has, I think, been in the foreign service for over 30 years, served all around the world and most recently and in the most senior positions, obviously, as ambassador to Ukraine, until she was removed prematurely in May, but before that, also ambassador to Armenia and ambassador to Kyrgyzstan.","The State Department has said that the ambassador concluded her three-year diplomatic assignment in Kyiv as planned, that there was no kind of retribution or she was not yanked back unceremoniously. Why are there doubts on that in the diplomatic community?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : She was not quickly recalled to her country without any warning.","questions":"Which word describes the way the State Department has said the ambassador's diplomatic assignment in Kyiv ended?","answer":"Concluded"}
{"text":["That's right.","Tell us about that one.","Well, that's around a star called HD 10 - excuse me, 40307. I'm losing track of the numbers, there are so many stars now. And this is a system where we first tried out some of these techniques, where there were already several planets known around it, three planets known around it, and we found three more by basically being more clever in how we deal with the noise due to the star's surface activity.","And this was - you have a rating scale for how close to Earthlike they are correct?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Well, that's around a star called HD 10 - excuse me, 40307.I'm losing track of the numbers, there are so many stars now.And this is a system where we first tried out some of these techniques, where there were already several planets known around it, three planets known around it, and we found three more by basically being more clever in how we deal with the noise due to the star's surface activity.","questions":"What techniques did they use to find the planets?","answer":"noise"}
{"text":["What Bonnie Raitt song, may I ask?","O'NEILL: \"I Can't Make You Love Me. \"","(Singing) Here in the dark, in these final hours, I will lay down my heart and I'll feel the power. . .","Kate O'Neill, who wrote about her sister, Maddie Linsenmeir in the Vermont Weekly Seven Days, thank you so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is emotionally moved by the lyrics of the song.","questions":"What is the speaker doing while singing the lyrics of the song?","answer":"Singing"}
{"text":["And he was saying how we, you know, you here have been so fortunate. You've got to help. We need you. And then he pauses, and he says, for example, there's a young man sitting in this church today, my friends in New York, whom I respect. They tell me that this young man, his brain has been touched by God. But this young man told me something about himself, and I had the chance to meet him. His father was a chauffer and a gardener. His mother was a maid and a cook. And I said, oh, lord. I started, like, trying to hide in my seat. But he started really telling the story that was classic of many professionals. If somebody went and work for them, either their parents or grandparents that made it possible for them to have an education.","And then, he paused again. He said, you know, but he has forgotten from where he came. And I thought for a moment \u2014 because a - like a video of my mother, particularly when my father came up, and I started to cry. I mean, these tears came down. So I said this service is over. I didn't say a word, I just walked over and talked with my hand and I said, Dr.  King, when do you want me to leave?","Mm-hmm. And then you went onto work on what is Reverend King's most famous or certainly most quoted speech, the \"I Have a Dream\" speech. Now, today you can hear that speech used in a lot of different contexts. It's, in some ways, become background music for Black History Month, you know?","Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"his brain has been touched by God\" - This turn has a figurative meaning and is not meant to be taken literally. It is a common expression used to describe someone who is exceptionally intelligent or talented.","questions":"How is the young man described?","answer":"Touched"}
{"text":["I have another on-the-other-hand that may have presented itself this week. A lot of people said if the president doesn't enforce what he said would happen, if Syria crossed the red line and used chemical weapons, then Iran would think that the United States was insincere and would develop a nuclear - continued to develop a nuclear weapon system. This week, the new Iranian president says: We're not interested in nuclear weapons; I want to shake President Obama's hand. Does it suggest that the administration has done something right?","I think that the proof of the pudding is in the eating. And in Syria, you saw Assad fear an American strike and make a deal that he probably would not have made otherwise. In Iran, you see after four years of Obama's threats, and more than the threats to use military force, or the threat to keep the option of force on the table, you have four years of very, very hard edge sanctions imposed by the about administration on Iran.","And so, I think that they're taking Obama fairly seriously. We'll see what happens down the road, if they continue to take it seriously. But the credibility issue is not quite, at the moment at least, what some people thought it would be.","Jeffrey Goldberg who writes for The Atlantic, The New Yorker, and Bloomberg among other publications, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning is that the Obama administration's efforts of threatening military force and imposing economic sanctions have been successful in making Iran take the US seriously.","questions":"What is suggested about the credibility of the Obama administration's efforts towards Iran?","answer":"Successful"}
{"text":["A lot of people are very skeptical of the talks. The government, before even going to Geneva, voiced their concern that they're not going to Geneva to negotiate or deal. They just wanted to go to Geneva to make sure that the Houthis will comply when the U. N.  see a resolution. So to begin with, the political parties were in Geneva not to talk, not for dialogue, not to negotiate. They were there for blinking contests.","And what's the mood there in the capital?","A lot of people are depressed 'cause pretty much everybody was hoping that there's going to be some sort of a truce, especially now that it's the month of Ramadan. It is the holy month for four weeks where people fast. People - they don't actually have food to begin with. But it's a religious month where people fast, so we were hoping for some sort of a cease-fire, some sort of a truce where the blockade will be lifted so that the aid will come in, so that the commercial vessels now stuck at the seaports will be allowed to move in. Yemen imports 90 percent of its food, so we're in dire need of those commercial vessels to be allowed into the country. Unfortunately, the Geneva talks ended without the lifting of the blockade, without a truce being agreed upon.","We should explain to our listeners that blockade has been led by Saudi naval forces to keep weapons out of the hands of rebels. You have said that you're both anti-Houthi and anti-airstrikes. How do you solve one problem without the other?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"fast\" - The word \"fast\" is being used in a religious context to mean abstaining from food and drink during daylight hours as an act of devotion. It is not being used to describe moving quickly.","questions":"How is the word \"fast\" being used in this dialogue?","answer":"Abstaining"}
{"text":["So there are always lines in invoices - in the case of remains excavations, taking care of the remains, maintaining them, transfer - all of these kind of things. It happens. It exists. In other hostage cases, you would see not necessarily - and I have to distinguish between hostages and political prisoners because Otto Warmbier was a political prisoner, not a hostage.","And the difference being that hostages are held generally by nongovernmental. . .","Correct.",". . . Entities. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Political prisoners are not the same as hostages and should be distinguished.","questions":"What should be distinguished?","answer":"Political"}
{"text":["An appointment like yours will sunset with this presidency. So, what do you plan to do afterwards?","I don't know. You know, government service, my term in government service, the last two years, followed a private-sector career of 24 years. One of the exciting things about being in the government, I think, is when you can move the needle it touches so many people's lives. And prior to this, I ran the Small Business Administration and - which does terrific work, including providing loans for disaster victims, homeowners, not just small businesses. So, I'm very open-minded. You know, I loved working in the private sector, but I just really treasure the opportunity to make an impact through the public sector.","You've mentioned disasters a couple of times, and we are rolling around on the third anniversary of Katrina. The federal government's response was widely criticized. What do you think you've done right in terms of dealing with disasters recently?","Recent history has been very good, whether it be the fires in California or the floods in the Midwest, a number of significant tornado incidents. And what I think has happened well, it really falls into a couple of areas. Number one, I think the response has been rapid. The front-end response has been rapid. Number two, which I don't think is quite as visible to people, is the coordination among government agencies at the federal level, and between the federal and then the state and local levels, has been, I think, much improved."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The appointment will end with the current presidency, and you will lose your job.","questions":"How will PersonA's appointment be affected?","answer":"Expired"}
{"text":["Well, it's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you.","Can you recreate for us in a sense, like our town does, a summer day at that house you loved?","Basically, people woke up as early as they could, as close to dawn. Everyone was kind of on their own once the kids got older and could take care of themselves to fix something for breakfast and start the day however they wanted as long as they were busy.","There was no television, barely a radio. And it would be tuned into very infrequently, generally when the Red Sox were playing. And all you got were scratchy sounds anyway. People were left to just, I guess, invite the outdoors into their hearts and their souls."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - Implied meaning: Can you describe to us the atmosphere of summer days at the house you loved? ","questions":"What did the kids do when they got older and could take care of themselves?","answer":"Outdoors"}
{"text":["And then we figured out how to pull aluminum out of its oxides, and now we use it everywhere. And platinum group metals are no different. They're very useful in electronics, microprocessors, medical devices, you name it, catalytic converters, renewable energy. And I would love to see a day - whenever that may be - when the platinum group metals are 100 times cheaper than they are now.","I'm reminded of a \"Twilight Zone\" adventure where they learned how to make gold and it was worthless. That's another story, but take us through the steps for your plan stage. Where do we go from here, and what are the steps?","Well, it's a three-phase plan. First of all, we have a technology road map that we've developed that lists every bit and every piece of technology that we need in order to go and extract resources from asteroids. We have some of that technology today and others we need to develop. And so we're slowly but surely piecing together, pulling together all the different pieces of technology that we need to have. Number two, we're going to do asteroid prospecting. And so this means that, first, we're going to develop a series of Arkyd 100 spacecraft to go into low Earth orbit and study the nearest asteroids and make sure that we've found, you know, lots of the other interesting ones that are not yet found and look closer at the ones that we do know of.","And number three?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn in (2) is a figurative expression and its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. ","questions":"How is the turn in (2) described?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Teenagers can seem sullen, moody and uncommunicative - unless you know how to listen to them. James Harbeck does. He's an editor and linguist in Canada who's analyzed sounds that can be distinctly annoying to adults. James Harbeck joins us from the studios of the CBC in Toronto. Thanks so much for being with us.","Hi. Nice to be here.","First, what made you devote any scholarship to this?","I wouldn't say that this is a grand scholarly work, exactly. It's more just an application of undergraduate-level phonetics to things that I hear on the bus on the way home."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : is asking James Harbeck why he chose this particular topic to research.","questions":"Which level of education did the speaker use to analyze the sounds of teenagers?","answer":"Bus"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi has had a rapid career rise. He was appointed Egypt's defense minister after the Arab Spring outpouring by Egypt's first freely elected president, the Muslim Brotherhood's Mohamed Morsi. But just a year later, General Sisi helped oust Mr.  Morsi and then he began to run the country. Now, his title is Field Marshal Sisi, the top military post. And just this past week, he took the next step to becoming Egypt's next president. The possible rise of a new military strongman raises questions about if the Arab Spring put Egypt on a path of democracy and civilian rule or more authoritarianism. Samer Shehata joins us. He's a political scientist at University of Oklahoma, and he joins us from the studios of KGOU in Norman, Oklahoma. Samer, thanks very much for being with us.","Pleasure to speak to you.","Why is a field marshal, according to various surveys, so popular in Egypt?","He's popular for a number of reasons. One, there were many people, of course, who were opposed to the Muslim Brotherhood and Mr.  Morsi before he became president. And of course it was a disastrous year in office. And there are many people who, as a result of all of that, are longing for stability and security. And the idea of a military general running the show is reassuring."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Pleasure to speak to you. (This is a polite way of expressing appreciation for the invitation to speak on the show.)","questions":"How did PersonA express their appreciation for being on the show?","answer":"Pleasure"}
{"text":["Eric, good morning.","Yeah. You know, I'm reminded, the Chipmunks did a version of that (laughter). . .","(Laughter). Did they really?","Maybe we'll get to hear that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using allusions to reference something indirectly, assuming that the listener will understand the reference based on shared knowledge or cultural context.","questions":"What literary device is the speaker using in turn 3?","answer":"Allusions"}
{"text":["Yes, I do. I think General Kelly is right. I think a lot of America is out of touch with those of us who have served and the sacrifices that we've made or seen our colleagues make. And that's a divide that we ought to bridge. But you don't do that by politicizing an incident like this. You do it by taking responsibility for your actions. If you're the president, you say I don't think I said that, if that's what he believes. But if I offended the widow in any way, then I apologize.","Congressman, I - a bit off the central topic we've been talking about - did you know U. S.  forces were operating in Niger?","As a member of the armed services committee, I am aware of it but only very peripherally. This is not something that we have talked about or has been briefed to us extensively at all.","So you think there's more to be known about this mission and about U. S.  operations in that area of the world?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : So you think there's more to be known about this mission and about U.S. operations in that area of the world?\" Implicated meaning: The speaker believes that there is additional information or details that have not been disclosed regarding the mentioned mission and broader U.S. operations in that region.","questions":"What is the PersonA's belief regarding the information disclosed about U.S. operations in Niger?","answer":"Belief"}
{"text":["Right. So there's one where Kim Kardashian is posing against a pile of sand. She's undressed, very provocative. And then there's you, sort of similarly clad, reclining against gravel (laughter).","Yeah, on a dirt pile. Kim Kardashian on a dirt pile. That's the way people refer to that photo a lot.","Why do you think it's resonated so much?Why do you think people have enjoyed this so much?","Well, first and foremost, I look like an idiot in them, the other person doesn't. And it's not like I'm taking - I don't take paparazzi photos of people or I'll only take what they've posted themselves. And then I look silly in it. So the beginning of it is me looking stupid. And I think people like that. I think people like seeing people make fun of themselves - I do - and just not caring. I think it's nice to see on a platform like Instagram, where it's all about how things are staged. It's nice to see something that is so not."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In Turn (3), when B asks, \"Why do you think it's resonated so much? Why do you think people have enjoyed this so much?\" they are not asking about the actual vibrations or sounds that the photo has produced, but rather about why the photo has become so popular and well-liked.","questions":"How has the photo resonated with people?","answer":"Popular"}
{"text":["How do you feel about the United States now?","It was my home, and it is my home. And it will be my home because I have nowhere else to go. If I went somewhere else, I wouldnt be alive.","Is there something you'd like the Army and the Department of Defense and everyone to know about you?","I am more patriotic than many Americans. I am ready to lay my life down for this country and for the safety of its people. Im not a bad person, and I have never committed a crime. My life is in danger if the institutions like USCIS and DOD does not help me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The United States is the only place where A can survive.","questions":"What is the reason why PersonA says they wouldn't be alive if they went somewhere else?","answer":"Alive"}
{"text":["I was actually wavering in the blocks. And I saw on the video that some sort of bad form. But they fired the gun and I took off and things were going OK. They weren't going great, my strides were a little bit off. But I never hit an off-leg on a hurdle. As I went around the second turn and came into the final 100 meters, I looked to my left and realized that I was right in the middle of the pack. And that really surprised me. And at that point, I figured as long as I finish, this is a success. And as I got to the very end, right before the finish line, I glanced up at the scoreboard which showed the clock running. And realized that I ended up with a pretty good time. And so I crossed the finish line. I beat my personal goal by two seconds and managed to beat one other runner in the race.","Well, that raises this question professor. You're - I mean, you're a teacher right?","Correct.","You have devoted your professional life to helping, encouraging, enriching the lives of youngsters, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) While the topic being discussed is \"big\" and \"bold,\" the implication is that the author's focus is on how individuals hurt each other on a day-to-day basis rather than just the headlines and news stories.","questions":"How is the author's focus described?","answer":"Personal"}
{"text":["Few years ago, I was fortunate enough to address a convention of political cartoonists in the United States. And they kept pointing out, you know, we used to have a lot of people here. Now we're down to just a few dozen.","I know. And I've been to those conventions. And I'm actually a member of the board of the Association of American Cartoonists (ph). And I've been always struck by their pessimism (ph). But I'm still very positive about the genre. In this world of short attention span, the power of images has never been so big. And it's also a time when the media need to renew themselves.","But we must stop being afraid of offended people because the whole controversy that was triggered a month ago by that cartoon, I think it should have encouraged a discussion, explaining why this cartoon was wrong, how it's run, what is cartooning, and there was no space for that. I think The New York Times had to deal with a huge storm triggered by social media. We need to be able to withstand this and to go back to putting things into perspective.","Patrick Chappatte, editorial cartoonist, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The convention of political cartoonists in the United States has significantly decreased in attendance.","questions":"How was the attendance at the convention of political cartoonists in the United States a few years ago?","answer":"Few"}
{"text":["Well, I think anything is possible. It's just impossible with this president. He continues to decide, basically without consultation - from all we can interpret - from advisers or whomever and just decide that this is what I want to do. Sure, he's president. But you would expect the chief executive to listen to his advisers. He said, if I don't get my way, I'm going to shut the government down. He didn't get his way, and we are involved in this shutdown. It's unfortunate, but he asked for it.","I look forward to January 3 coming. And Democrats, at least, can provide the majority leadership in the House to do what we can to try to get the government up and running. It does not include wall funding, but we need to put the tens of thousands of government workers back to work.","That's Bennie Thompson of Mississippi, the ranking Democrat on the House Homeland Security Committee. Congressman, thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : tens of thousands implies very numerous or uncountable number of people ","questions":"Which workers need to be put back to work?","answer":"thousands"}
{"text":["(Through interpreter) I realized that an Indigenous woman had never been a part of Miss Panama before. When I decided to enter the competition and all of Panama realized that I was Indigenous, many people discriminated against me. This made me reflect and say, OK.  Now that I'm here, I have the opportunity to change their thinking, so I wanted to promote my culture. I decided to wear my cultural dress, the nagua, and demonstrate to the whole world how much Indigenous culture is worth in our country.","And speaking of discrimination, when you were running for Miss Panama, a rumor surfaced that you were actually from Venezuela. And you had to prove that you grew up on the comarca, the implication, I guess, being that someone as beautiful as you couldn't be Indigenous. That must have been painful.","(Through interpreter) Yes, of course. Yes. They made a fake passport saying I was Venezuelan, that my dad was European, that I wasn't even Indigenous. It hurt me because, for my whole life, I've just tried to be who I am. And because of this rumor, I had to prove my citizenship so that the country would know that I am actually Panamanian. There were so many accusations, and I had to defend myself in one way or another.","You've spoken both at the United Nations and the Organization of American States. And you told the ambassadors and officials there that Indigenous people in the Americas are considered inferior, uneducated, are discriminated against. How has your community experienced that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She probably did not literally say \"OK\" etc. The implication is simply that she thought these types of things and decided to act upon them.","questions":"What did the woman do to promote her culture?","answer":"Wear"}
{"text":["And so if we organize the production and the processing and distribution of organic foods on a large scale, there's efficiencies to be had. This is actually kind of an experiment, a test. You know, how much of the extra costs that you pay when you buy organic food - how much of that is just the fragmented nature of the business?How much of it is the small-scale aspect?And how much of it is inherent in organic production?","Well, there's no question that Walmart is kind of the king of logistics. But if you talk to some of their suppliers, they'll also complain that Walmart is the king of squeezing them and making them produce the product ever more cheaply at their own expense.","Right. So you could say this is a threat to some organic producers who are used to higher margins. On the other hand, I mean, the organic production is expanding, and if Walmart wants large quantities, they may have to outbid other producers. There is a limit right now on the amount of organic food for sale. They say they want to expand that, and there's no reason why they couldn't. There's lots of land out there. Right now, organic is actually a very small part of American food production, people say 5 percent or less. So there's no reason why Walmart couldn't expand organic production if they offered a good price. The question is can they do it cheaply?","Part of this has to do with trust. Are people going to stop going to Whole Foods and go over to Walmart 'cause they can get the eggs $2 cheaper?I'm a little skeptical."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of hesitant or noncommittal language may indicate a lack of confidence or a desire to avoid making a definitive statement.","questions":"Which language?","answer":"Hesitant"}
{"text":["So what about this contest?","What the CDC is trying to do is not just figure out what's going on right now with the flu, but what's going to happen in a week or two weeks out. Traditionally, we do what's called surveillance, which is what's going on right now in the United States. And that's a really hard problem because if you think about it, without using something like Twitter, you have to ask people what's going on. And the CDC does this; they do a very good job. But it takes them about two weeks to get those responses collected. What we're trying to do is predict things like what week is going to be the worst for the flu season; when is it going to end?","Do you run the risk of putting through the algorithms a lot of tweets from people who don't use, let's say, a word like fever in the same way people with flu would use it?","It's actually very tricky to use Twitter in order to get a flu rate. So, for example, someone might say, I have Bieber fever, which is not actually a disease that we care about tracking."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The literal meaning is that the CDC is trying to predict the severity and duration of the flu season by analyzing current data and using traditional surveillance methods. The actual meaning is that the CDC is exploring new methods of surveillance, such as using social media data to predict flu trends in real-time.","questions":"How is the CDC trying to predict the severity and duration of the flu season?","answer":"Severity"}
{"text":["That is Binyamin Appelbaum. He writes about economics for The New York Times, and he's written a new book, called, \"The Economists' Hour\" that traces what he calls a revolution in the way we think about economists.","This quiet but really important revolution that happens, really, beginning in the late 1960s and the early 1970s, where economists begin to gain tremendous influence over public policy in the United States.","In fact, that young economist who told his wife he had no future at the Fed, that was Paul Volcker. He became one of a small group of economists who made themselves indispensable to U. S.  presidents. Volcker rose to become the chairman of the Federal Reserve in the Carter and Reagan years.","So I asked Appelbaum, how did a bunch of economists go from nobodies to being important people?And he said it's pretty simple. In an era of real economic problems, they promised solutions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Economists gained significant influence over public policy in the United States during the late 1960s and early 1970s.","questions":"What was the era in which economists promised solutions to real economic problems?","answer":"Late1960s"}
{"text":["Yeah.","(Reading) Bridgette McNeal, the Atlanta mother of four, has been on Second Life for just over a decade. Though Bridgette is middle-aged, her avatar is a lithe twenty-something whom she describes as perfect me, if I'd never eaten sugar or had children. When we spoke, Bridgette described her Second Life home as a refuge that grants permission. When I step into that space, I'm afforded the luxury of being selfish, she said, invoking Virginia Woolf. It's like a room of my own.","I mean, there are so many reasons to love this woman. Her real everyday life is so difficult. She's raising two disabled children. What did you feel when you talked to Bridgette McNeal?","I felt so much. The idea of constructing these online selves that we prefer in certain ways to our real selves is really relevant to so many people. And for Bridgette, I was fascinated by her daily life. She's raising four kids, two of whom are autistic teenagers, and there's a lot of joy and meaning in those relationships and also a lot of hard work."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : She began to act like and say things like the author, Virginia Woolf.","questions":"How did Bridgette describe her Second Life home?","answer":"virginia"}
{"text":["Well, the information we're getting, as you said, comes from the UAW. Specifically, it comes from UAW Vice President Terry Dittes, who's been offering up some occasional updates to UAW members. And on Friday, Terry Dittes sent out a letter saying they had made good progress in the talks, and that was a great sign. You know, the strike has dragged on for three weeks, going on the fourth week now. And this was one of the first signs that there had been progress.","But by Sunday, that had completely changed, and Terry Dittes said this time that, in fact, they had taken a step back, and the union could not be more disappointed in GM, and what he explained happened was that there was an offer on the table. UAW responded, made its counter offer, taking into account a bunch of things. And what Terry Dittes said is, on Sunday morning, when GM responded to that latest offer, GM basically didn't respond at all. It just reiterated its previous offer and didn't address anything that the UAW had brought up.","So they seem to be at a stalemate. It seems like things are not going well right now.","OK. So we have the union's version, maybe a little bit less from GM's side. But in any case, no doubt that they don't have a deal and people are still on strike. So what have you seen and heard when you go out and talk to workers?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The progress lets people know there is hope for a resolution. People refusing to go to work unless their demands are met has lasted three weeks.","questions":"What was the duration of the strike?","answer":"Three"}
{"text":["The billionaire financier Jeffrey Epstein has been taken into federal custody related to sex trafficking. According to The Daily Beast, who first reported this story, Epstein was arrested yesterday and will appear in court tomorrow to be charged in connection with sex trafficking minors. This comes more than a decade after accusations first surfaced that Epstein had paid dozens of young girls for sex. But he avoided federal criminal charges and significant prison time in a plea deal that continues to draw criticism for its lenient terms. For more on this, we called Pervaiz Shallwani, one of the Daily Beast reporters who broke this story. And he's with us now.","Thank you so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me.","And I'm just going to start by saying that the details may be disturbing to some listeners because this does involve accusations about the treatment of young girls. So, having said that, Pervaiz, as briefly as you can, what are the allegations that first surfaced against Epstein in 2007 and 2008?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is highlighting the severity of the allegations against Jeffrey Epstein and warning the listeners that the details may be upsetting.","questions":"What is the reason for the warning given by the speaker?","answer":"Severity"}
{"text":[". . . Quote, \"a slap in the face\" and then said, it was like him spitting on me. Must hurt to hear those words from your mother, even thirdhand.","Not necessarily. I mean, my mom is a very strong-willed person. And it's something to where I disagree with her very wholeheartedly and very politely. And even if it does hurt, I know that that's not a reaction that is deserved. So I try not to take it too much to heart.","Yeah. You don't doubt her love, but you do question her judgment.","Yeah, absolutely. That's a great way to put it. And I think a lot of people that are in a similar situation as mine can question a parent's, you know, love or care for their child to deny them a medical procedure. And some people can even compare vaccines to something like a seat belt. How would you love a child and deny them the safety of a seat belt?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a slap in the face in this context means someone did something shocking to someone else that they didn't like","questions":"How does the speaker describe their disagreement with their mother?","answer":"Politely"}
{"text":["It's nutritionally vacuous. It's unhealthy. Why would you eat iceberg?Iceberg is pathetic. Iceberg is, you know, lettuce for people who have no class or no taste.","In 1894, the Burpee seed catalog introduced iceberg to the world. It was advertised as hardy, rich, flavorful and, most importantly, durable.","From the moment of its introduction, it transformed the face of American lettuce consumption. And for decades and decades and decades, it was overwhelmingly the lettuce that was consumed in the United States of America.","Eventually, iceberg's popularity became its downfall."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's not an actual face but the most popular and most seen way that lettuce is consumed.","questions":"Which lettuce?","answer":"Iceberg"}
{"text":["A young upstart reporter at a national news network, a political newcomer fresh from Hollywood, his opponent - a female senator firmly rooted in the establishment, a ratings-obsessed media mogul - does any of this sound familiar to you yet?Amazingly, Alisyn Camerota, a veteran news anchor and host of CNN's morning show \"New Day,\" started writing her new novel years ago. And now the book \"Amanda Wakes Up\" seems like a crystal ball. Alisyn Camerota joins me from our studios in New York. Welcome to the program.","Thank you, Lulu. Great to be with you.","So are you psychic?(Laughter).","Well, there were many times, many times in the writing of this that my agent editor and I thought I was. But I think, what it turns out, is that there are some perennial favorite themes in politics and in presidential races. And I hit on them because you can predict with some certainty what will come back around."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"psychic\" - This word is used figuratively to describe someone who can predict future events or has a sixth sense. It does not mean that Alisyn Camerota actually has psychic abilities.","questions":"How did PersonB describe Alisyn Camerota's ability?","answer":"Psychic"}
{"text":["Absolutely, and we just can't have that. . .","I will just tell you that now. . .","That'd be a security issue. Boy, talking about being slam-dunked after he dunked on the president.","Please don't do that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Slam-dunked and dunked are basketball terms that aren't literal. Here, they mean making an effective attack on someone in the political arena.","questions":"Which two words used in the dialogue have a non-literal meaning and are related to basketball?","answer":"Slam-dunked-and-dunked"}
{"text":["President George W.  Bush's book of portraits of more than 60 soldiers, sailors, airmen and Marines who served in wars under his watch was published this week - \"Portraits Of Courage: A Commander In Chief's Tribute to America's Warriors. \"President Bush has done a number of interviews in recent days talking about how he took up painting after leaving office and how he came to paint portraits of men and women that he sent in to war. We're joined by one of the president's subjects now. They call each other friends. Michael Rodriguez was a U. S.  Army Special Forces Green Beret who served from 1992 to 2013 in Latin America, Somalia, Haiti, two tours in Afghanistan, nine deployments in 21 years. Michael Rodriguez joins us now from his home near Fort Bragg, N. C. Thanks so much for being with us.","Oh, thank you for having me.","What do you think of your portrait?","Oh, wow. I'm, you know, I'm blown away that my former commander in chief would actually take the time to paint those that served under him. And I'm humbled that he selected me as one of them. I think it's a pretty good representation of me. I couldn't - I'm still kind of processing the whole thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  This is a polite way of asking what the person thinks of their own portrait.","questions":"How did the interviewer ask Michael about his portrait?","answer":"Polite"}
{"text":["Do the crime, do the time, that's the old line, right?But convicted perpetrators are still afforded basic human rights while serving out their debt to society. The Southern Center for Human Rights recently filed suit on behalf of a group of prisoners in Decatur, Alabama. The presiding judge describes the county jail as, quote, \"A Slave Ship. \"There, the sheriff is accused of starving his prisoners so he could pocket the profits off a lean kitchen budget. Joining us is Lisa Kung, the executive director of the Southern Center for Human Rights. Hi, Lisa.","Hi, how are you?","I'm good. So this case has just stunned people across the world. I couldn't believe it myself when I read about it. But I understand that there is a Depression-era law on the books that made this kind of profiteering legal. Tell us about the law and the details of the case.","Sure. That's right. Alabama has this arrangement where the state pays $1. 75 a day to the sheriffs - directly to the sheriffs for every person they have in his or her jail. Now, you and I know it's hard enough to come up with three meals a day for $1. 75, and what makes Alabama special is that it allows these sheriffs to take any of the money that they don't spend on food and put it straight into their own pocket."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The law allowed sheriffs to profit from starving prisoners","questions":"What was the amount paid by the state to the sheriffs for every person they have in jail in Alabama?","answer":"$1.75"}
{"text":["Yeah, I don't think there's been a response to it yet - not that I've seen. And I guess, you know, it puts a cloud on it. The special relationship was given a boost by the birth of Meghan's and Prince Harry's baby. And that was seen as sort of a good omen ahead of this visit, unfortunately, now is being, obviously, overshadowed by what Donald Trump has said. That may be a prelude to what he may say about other people here.","And I think the concern is that Donald Trump will use this and kind of abuse the invitation. He'll be given all the kind of welcome that he can expect in a royal visit. But is he going to return the favor, or is he going to bring up these tricky diplomatic issues, which are kind of flies in the ointment in the relationship as it currently stands?","So, Dominic, what I'm hearing from you is that there's a great deal of apprehension from the actual government that invited him. So is anything likely to come out of this trip that might be beneficial to the United Kingdom?","Well, if you talk to diplomats that - and their answer is that these state visits are hugely important. But in the background, there's a lot of sort of diplomatic nitty-gritty going on. There's a lot of business deals being made. And the hope is that this continues to cement that relationship, which we're told is greater than the sort of personal relationship currently in the heart of it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Puts a cloud on it\" is not literal. There's no cloud involved. It just means something negative happened wthat overshadows an otherwise positive situation.","questions":"How does \"puts a cloud on it\" relate to the special relationship between the UK and the US?","answer":"Negative"}
{"text":["That's good. That's a start.","That's good.","But there are also very few issues that could get us at daggers drawn in the short term. You could have a misunderstanding and miscalculation in the South China Sea. Taiwan remains very concerning.","But overall, to date, there are very few areas in which the United States and China are headed toward conflict with each other. And there is great concern in both capitals that it not get there. But between that observation - that we mustn't go to war - and the growing list of complaints against each other, there is insufficient strategic thinking in both capitals."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : US and China lack sufficient strategic thinking despite their concern to avoid conflict","questions":"How do the US and China approach conflict?","answer":"Avoidance"}
{"text":["And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?","You know, we saw reports. As we were doing live coverage, we saw reports of damage start to trickle in. But, really, right after an earthquake, it is, like, fog of war. No one knows what's going on. Emergency responders are just going out trying to survey the damage. We did hear reports of fires.","We got some calls into our - into KPCC of people telling us that they had fallen. One woman said that she thought maybe she broke her wrist. And there were a lot of people who were just afraid to go back into their houses, which is another big thing with big earthquakes - is that it disrupts people's lives not just for that one moment, but continuously, especially after aftershock after aftershock after aftershock keeps hitting.","All right. Well, we'll be getting updates throughout the morning. And thanks very much for joining us. KPCC's Jacob Margolis, science reporter and host of a podcast called \"The Big One: Your Survival Guide. \"Thank you, Jacob."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : moment in time, early in the day implies she wants the current update on damage.","questions":"Which update did PersonB ask for?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["Well, Pluto's official designation is a dwarf planet. And I have to tell you the people who sent this probe all the way out to Pluto are a little angry about that because when they launched it a decade ago, Pluto was still a planet.","(Laughter).","It got downgraded in the intervening years.","That seems so unfair."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is expressing sympathy for the people who sent the probe, showing that they understand why they feel so disappointed.","questions":"What emotion is PersonB expressing towards the people who sent the probe?","answer":"Sympathy"}
{"text":["We've been covering the life and legacy of President George H. W. Bush today. A look now at his foreign policy; the first major foreign crisis for the U. S.  after the end of the Cold War occurred during his presidency. In August of 1990, Saddam Hussein, the leader of Iraq, ordered his army to invade Kuwait. The small gulf country was a major supplier of oil to the U. S.  Saudi Arabia was also worried. So in December, the United States launched Operation Desert Shield. We're going to turn now to a well-traveled war correspondent, our colleague, NPR's Deborah Amos. She arrived in Saudi Arabia two days after the invasion of Kuwait and was there for the duration. Deb, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning, Scott.","Tell us about Gulf War I. It was preceded by a lot of diplomacy, wasn't it?","Well, he - President Bush is remembered for this phrase - this will not stand, this aggression against Kuwait will not stand. Here was a leader who - he was the last president who served in World War II. He was a diplomat. But what was important about the way he embraced this war, he was proud of being prudent. You know, it's said that. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The first major foreign crisis for the U.S. after the end of the Cold War occurred during his presidency.","questions":"How was President George H.W. Bush's foreign policy tested during his presidency?","answer":"Tested"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me with you.","So, let's start with what exactly they are.","Okay. Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors. They're growth of muscle within the uterine wall. And sometimes they can be the size of a dime, and because of their location, they give you severe symptoms. And rarely, they can get to be the size of a basketball before they're recognized.","That's sounds pretty horrific.","It can be. It's amazing how much difficulty they can give to women that, in general, women can have severe menstrual bleeding - the kind of bleeding that keeps you home from work or keeps you from being able to do your daily activities - or they can press on a lot body structures. And they are very common, and it's surprising that so few women know that they have fibroids and that their symptoms may be related to them.","Now, research shows that about 25 percent of women in America are going to show some symptoms of fibroids, but they occur a lot more often in black women than white women. How much more often and why do scientists think that is?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : So, let's start with what exactly they are. Implicated meaning: Initiating a conversation or discussion on a specific topic.","questions":"What is the topic of discussion initiated by B?","answer":"Topic"}
{"text":["Prop 8 was voters saying that they do not want to allow same-sex marriages.","Yes, traditional marriage only. A federal appeals court struck that down. And if the Supreme Court takes that case, they then might be faced with a bigger question about: Is there a right to marry for gays and lesbians?My belief is they're going to put that off a while. They're going to decide this question about DOMA, and legally - and then put off a little while longer the question of what about all the other states where gay marriage is illegal.","And just briefly, David, we have the Voting Rights Act, a very important piece of legislation in this country that could come before the court, as well.","Absolutely. And it's also an old question. It goes back to the '60s. Since the '60s, the South has been under a sort of a special scrutiny. If they change their election laws in any way, they have to get a pre-clearance or an approval from Washington. It - that law is one of the great laws of the 20th century. It changed the South."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Supreme Court might consider legalizing same-sex marriage in the future","questions":"How did PersonA suggest the Supreme Court would proceed with the question of same-sex marriage?","answer":"Putoff"}
{"text":["Now we'd like to meet one of the country's newly minted geniuses. We're talking, of course, about the latest recipients of a MacArthur Fellowship. People often call them Genius Grants. The fellowship awards $625,000 over five years to people working in any field who show extraordinary originality in their creative pursuits, no strings attached. One of the prizes went to attorney sujatha baliga. She spent much of her professional life studying and advocating for the use of restorative justice. That's a way of approaching a crime or an incident of wrongdoing with a goal of finding a resolution that centers healing for everyone involved, including the person who committed the crime or offense. And sujatha baliga is with us now from San Francisco. Welcome. Thank you so much for joining us. Congratulations.","Thank you so much. Such a joy to be on your show today.","I do want a mention that the MacArthur Foundation, who awards the Genius Grant, is among NPR's financial supporters. With that being said, you know I'm going to ask you what it was like to get that phone call. Where were you?What were you doing?","So here's the thing. I think I'm in a different situation than some of the other fellows because I had had this opportunity to bump into the director of the program in April. And she'd given me her card and asked me to be in touch about people who I really respected in my field. And so I was thinking, it was this amazing opportunity to lift up the names of people who are working to end mass criminalization or people who I've respected for decades, to try to get their names into her ear."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : To bring recognition to several people in the field.","questions":"Which field?","answer":"advocacy"}
{"text":["So, you're skeptical about a car czar. You think that there should be loans, though, with strict provisions attached to them.","Right, right.","What else?What else needs to be done?I mean, this is a massive, massive problem, and two of the three are facing extinction at this point.","Don't forget, what's putting them in this condition is the economic, you know, the economic condition of the nation right now. But the kind of fixed-cost structure that these auto companies have is massive, massive losses that have to do with what's happening to demand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The auto companies need to restructure their fixed costs due to the current economic situation, resulting in significant losses.","questions":"Which factor is causing significant losses for the auto companies?","answer":"costs"}
{"text":["Thank you. Thanks for having me.","Now, Mr.  Pruitt approached deregulation with enthusiasm. Quickly, could you just give us a sense of his principal achievements?","He had actually very few achievements. He has many proposals in the pipeline. But most are in the pipeline, and most are deeply flawed.","So not likely to go zipping along and become new regulations.","I think that many will probably be revisited and, if they want them to be successful, will have to be adjusted and pay more attention to the law and pay more attention to science and protection of the environment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is trying to make A speak positively about Mr. Pruitt's achievements","questions":"What was Mr. Pruitt's principal achievement?","answer":"none"}
{"text":["Yeah, well, when I was a young, little Muppet baby version of myself, you know, I mean - I guess people were right in that I was kind of a punk kid. I was anti-everything. I was anti-capitalist, first of all. I just don't have a lot of respect for profit motive. So as an artist, you know, I had a hard time. You know, when I was living hand to mouth, you know, my first manager - as a teenager, you know - tell people you have tapes for sale. Like, no, no.","(Laughter) You didn't even want to do that.","I just feel like a jerk. I didn't want to. I couldn't do it. I couldn't do it.","What I loved about the book was that I didn't come away with an impression that you suffered from self-doubt. You kind of always knew that it just didn't matter how hard it was, you were just - this was your thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"I feel like a jerk\" - This is a figurative expression meaning that the speaker feels embarrassed or foolish.","questions":"What is the figurative expression used by the speaker in turn 2?","answer":"Jerk"}
{"text":["That's one of the projects, yeah, that I followed in the book. Can we build a limb that is basically indistinguishable from a natural arm?So if you're missing an arm, you get this new prosthetic that can sense and move and operate like a natural arm. And that's typically ambitious, and they call that DARPA-hard. Let's try something that just seems completely insane, totally, you know, crazy ambitious. And in that case, they didn't get there. They didn't quite get to that point, but they did get a lot of these technologies in motion for controlling a robot with mind power alone, for instance.","Yeah. How do they ensure that they keep getting new cutting-edge thoughts inside of DARPA?","That's one of the challenges, and that's one of the reasons I was able to write this book, too, because they need to get the word out. They need to find people out there who've got these ideas, who want to pitch them to DARPA. Or come to work for DARPA as a program manager because DARPA program managers, they all leave. After two to six years, they're gone. Their expiration dates are printed on their ID badges. So they've got this turnover, 25 percent every single year.","And they also have a deadline, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : DARPA needs to constantly recruit new talent and ideas to maintain innovation.","questions":"Which agency needs to maintain innovation through constant recruitment?","answer":"DARPA"}
{"text":["I was struck by a phrase in Chris Arnold's piece about the dollar being the bedrock currency for much of the world. Is that jeopardized?","Very much so. Treasury debt is the only risk-free asset in the world. It undergirds the world's financial system, it's in everybody money market's funds. You know, China, among many other countries, buys Treasury bills like crazy - over a trillion dollars. So, if you'd have to start factoring in risk, even if it's political risk, into our debt, you know, two things happen. The rest of the world becomes less enchanted with buying it, and our interest payments - what the government has to pay to issue that debt will rise substantially.","Can I get you to play out your scenario about what happens if October 17 comes and there's no agreement?","I don't think that much will happen on October 17th. I think there's a little wiggle room. What happens on October 17th is the government loses its borrowing authority and it can only pay out the cash it has on hand. However, if we got to the end of the month and the United States missed a bond payment, I believe that you would have an event that is three, four, five, six times worse than the Lehman Brothers of five years ago. Because the banks rely on treasuries to trade with each other overnight. That's how they fund themselves. And if you take away trust in the financial system or U. S.  debt, it will be cataclysmic. The banks will freeze up. There will be no borrowing. It'll be like Lehman. The stock market will go down. It has the potential to be a true out-and-out disaster."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Struck by a phrase\" does not mean that someone physically hit someone else with words. It means that someone was caught by a specific expression or a saying that got their attention.","questions":"Which financial asset is considered the only risk-free asset in the world according to A?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["I'm very sad, very sad.","You've been with us from the very, very beginning. Tell us how talking about personal finance has changed since then.","Well, obviously, the biggest change has been the economic - I call it mudslide - that we're going through. When I first began, things were pretty good. I mean, although, at the time, I was trying to tell people, you know, things are good but you always have to prepare for the worst. And obviously, the worse has happened. And over the years, you know, many people have sent in questions and emailed me, and the listeners have just been wonderful. And I think I helped a lot of people. I do hear from people who took the advice and got their lives together, and some people who took the advice and are weathering the economic storm because they were prepared.","And have you changed your advice over the years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The economic change has been very destructive to everyone and everything.","questions":"What has been the biggest change according to A?","answer":"economic"}
{"text":["And there is a desperate need both for international humanitarian law to be observed in the conduct of the war to protect civilians but also for a move towards political negotiations and a political settlement, because it is now nearly two years since I sat at the United Nations with foreign ministers from the Gulf States who said they wanted a political settlement then. But it is no closer, and the bombing has undoubtedly deepened the divide inside Yemen and made it far harder to bring peace.","And this is the conduct of the war by Saudi Arabia?","The Saudi-led coalition has air power. The Houthis, who are an Iranian-backed rebel group, are on the ground. It's not the job of these humanitarians to take sides in the conflict. We don't take sides in the conflict. What we do is call out the abuse of international humanitarian law on all sides. And the striking thing about the Yemen conflict and the three other countries that are in danger of famine in Africa - in Somalia, in South Sudan that we've talked about, north and northeast Nigeria - these are man-made famine.","Mr.  Miliband, you've been a politician. How do you sustain interest in problems that are very remote from the lives of everyday Americans?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B: \"How do you sustain interest in problems that are very remote from the lives of everyday Americans?\" - This implies that the problems being discussed are not limited to Yemen or other specific countries, but rather can affect people globally, and that Americans should care about them despite their distance.","questions":"What does PersonB imply about the global impact of the problems being discussed?","answer":"Global"}
{"text":["That's a harsh statement. I mean, you know, some of us were expecting - I mean because this is a very delicate matter for Barack Obama. On the one hand he wants to keep those civil rights establishment figures behind him, supporting him throughout this general election period, but at the same time he knows well that if he can create a little bit of distance with Jesse Jackson, he may be able to pull on more moderate Democrats, white and black, and maybe even some moderate Republicans.","But Jesse Jackson, Jr.  seems to have taken the lead and seems particularly angry and personally offended by what his father had done. And it suggests that the relationship there is somewhat fractured as well.","Let's go deeper, linguistically into this. When, at the time that I spoke with Reverend Jackson, and this was yesterday, we believed, knowing what we did, we being most of the press, that he had said that Senator Obama had emasculated himself. As it turned out, the phrase was much rougher and much more, you know, I want to blank, blank, blank. Is there a difference between those two ways, neither of them particularly nice, of parsing out lack of manhood?","Well, you know, I actually read that slightly differently. When I heard about the specific comments and the castration and sort of the anger in which it was delivered, even though it was a whisper of. I immediately began to think back historically about, you know, the ways and which powerful black men, or uppity black men were punished."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The press misunderstood Jackson's comment as emasculation, but it was actually more severe","questions":"Which word describes the severity of Jackson's actual comment?","answer":"Severe"}
{"text":["North Korea is on the verge of a nuclear breakout. It has an arsenal estimated in the mid-teens. It's been assiduously testing ballistic missiles. It does have reach. It could target America's regional allies. The real inflection point here is that by 2020, they could have a hundred nuclear weapons instead of the mid-teens with long-range ballistic missiles that could reach the U. S.  homeland, which would make it a game-changer for the United States.","Well, how?","Well, it would allow them to directly target the United States. And that's a level of vulnerability we've never had from a state like North Korea. I mean, when I got into this business, I couldn't have conceived of a state like North Korea, essentially a failed state, having a nuclear arsenal approaching half the size of Great Britain's.","We're left with, really, three bad options - one - you know - bomb, negotiate or acquiesce. And the military option is so prohibitively costly it could lead to a catastrophic second Korean War. And when we can't - when we won't negotiate, we end up in that third box of acquiescing to the development of North Korean capabilities. And I believe there's a moment - a conjunction of factors that call for a pivot to serious diplomacy.","Well, what would that serious diplomacy look like?I mean, I - the United States would have to - what?- accept a. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: This turn's use of humor or sarcasm may indicate a deeper subtext or intention, highlighting the potential for indirect communication to convey complex messages.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue suggests the potential for indirect communication to convey complex messages?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["Well, yes, he was. Later I found out what he was really brilliant at, which was lying. He had a physics degree, a mathematics degree and an economics degree, I think, from three different Ivy League colleges. So, why doubt him?Especially once you've seen the props. Once you've seen the art, you buy the person.","He'd married to a successful woman named Sandy who paid all the bills. How could this smart woman be with this fraud?","I can only answer that question by telling you why I bought this fraud. He was charming. He had a story that explained everything. And so when she came into his life, he had perfected his act to the extent that he'd anticipated every question, had an answer for everything. So, it's like a magic trick. After you know how it works, it seems so obvious. But when it happening, you're enchanted.","There was a moment when he gave you the personal phone number of the president, and I forget what the occasion was - but he said go ahead, try it. You'll get him directly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"He gave you the personal phone number of the president, and I forget what the occasion was - but he said go ahead, try it. You'll get him directly.\" - This turn is using hyperbole. It means that the fraudster was so convincing that he made the speaker believe he had access to the president's personal phone number. It is unlikely that the president would give out their personal phone number to a stranger.","questions":"How was the fraudster's act described in turn 3?","answer":"Convincing"}
{"text":["Given the scale of what's happened in terms of tens of thousands killed, given the escalating partisan-sectarian nature of this conflict, do you hold out much hope that diplomacy can play a constructive role?","Well, diplomacy doesn't always work. And believe me, I could testify to that. I dealt with the North Koreans for four years. And even the Serb\/Kosovo issue didn't actually end with a diplomatic agreement, although we would not have gotten the Europeans on board for NATO action, had we not gone through the diplomatic process. But I would say the hope of getting a diplomatic agreement in Syria is certainly probably greater than getting a military victory of one side or the other.","Plus, even if you get a military victory, you still have the same problems of what this thing is going to look like after someone claims victory. So I think we do need to give this our best shot, get everyone who wants to see a solution in Syria together. And if the net result of this has been to somehow improve U. S. -Russian ties, which could use a couple of upticks, so be it.","I mean, that was certainly the upshot of the - of our North Korean negotiations. We didn't dissuade them from nuclear programs. But we sure as heck got the U. S.  and China on the same page. And, you know, sometimes things take a lot time in diplomacy. But I think we're seeing some of the benefits of that now several years later.","Ambassador Hill, thanks very much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : We need to give it our best attempt and relations with Russia could use some help to get better.","questions":"How can we improve U.S.-Russian ties?","answer":"U.S.-Russian"}
{"text":["And would they work differently?Is the mechanism different?","Well, yeah, there might be subtle differences in that something that's truly universal would need to target something that is very constant and unchanging in the virus and something that would be accessible to our immune systems. And in an ideal world, if we could target the vaccine to those kinds of structures, and we see those in the virus, then we'd have our universal vaccine.","But we may not be that lucky. We may end up not being able to get a clear shot at something that's completely (unintelligible) and if that's the case, we would redirect it to the parts that we could see, and then you might have a little bit of escape every once in a while, and so they would be targeted to different regions.","Give me a rundown of virus anatomy. What are we actually targeting with these vaccines?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn (3) \"But we may not be that lucky\" has a meaning that is different from its literal meaning.  The literal meaning of \"we may not be that lucky\" is that there is a possibility that luck may not be in our favor. However, the intended meaning here is that it may not be possible to develop a completely universal vaccine due to the complexity of the virus structure. This is a figurative use of the word \"lucky\" to convey a complex and uncertain situation.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of \"luck\" in turn 2?","answer":"Complex"}
{"text":["It's a very large number. According to my client, it's only happened on one or two occasions, and she recalls one fairly recently in the last administration where a decision was overridden, but the supervisor explained the rationale and how the security concerns were mitigated. And she was willing to go along with his decision because it made sense.","In your client's complaint, the 25 people who were given security clearances are not named, but there has been reporting that President Trump overrode the decision of career officials to grant his son-in-law, Jared Kushner, a clearance. Can you tell us whether he's one of the people involved here?","I can't comment on that. My client is not willing to discuss individual security determinations. She thinks it would be improper.","Now that these accusations are in the hands of Congress and in the public eye, where does it go from here?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn that has a different meaning from its literal meaning is (2) \"President Trump overrode the decision of career officials to grant his son-in-law, Jared Kushner, a clearance\".  The phrase \"overrode the decision\" does not mean that President Trump simply disagreed with the decision made by the career officials and made a different decision. It implies that he forced the clearance to be granted despite objections from those officials.","questions":"Which phrase from the dialogue implies that the client of PersonA had been willing to go along with a supervisor's decision in a recent case?","answer":"Mitigated"}
{"text":["Was he in uniform?I mean, was this a. . .","He was in plainclothes, just driving in plainclothes.","Not that that makes it any better but still.","Well, at least they weren't dumb enough to go up to a fully uniformed police chief. But, you know, it's one of those things where we got one of the worst crime problems because there is no rhyme or reason to some of the things that are happening. You've got elderly gentlemen being beaten up at gas stations and people being afraid to come out of their homes at 5 P. M. It's not everywhere and it's not every neighborhood but it's enough that it's becoming what people think about living in Detroit.","Rochelle, Halloween's coming up and in Detroit that could mean Devil's Night."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : implies that the Halloween season in Detroit is dangerous.","questions":"How is Devil's Night in Detroit during Halloween season?","answer":"Dangerous"}
{"text":["It takes a whole lot of land to produce meat. If you think about it this way, imagine around the globe all of the crop land out there - one-third of it is used to grow food not for people but for animals. It's animal feed. And when you combine the land needed to graze animals and feed them, this is just a whole lot. The World Resources Institute has estimated that for every gram of protein, producing beef can require 20 times the land and emit 20 times the emissions compared to what it takes to produce beans.","So are there certain types of meat that are better in terms of environmental footprint?Or basically is the suggestion that we should not be eating meat?","There are definitely better choices, and it does not have to be all or nothing. I just mentioned cows and other ruminants. They require a lot of land and feed. But they also release a lot of methane into the atmosphere. Every time these animals belch, a bit of methane goes up into the atmosphere. Methane is a very potent greenhouse gas.","So from an environmental perspective, options such as chicken and turkey can be better. It takes less animal feed to produce meat from these animals. They grow faster. They require less land. So when it comes to reducing the environmental footprint of your diet, you don't have to completely give up meat."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There are better meat choices to reduce environmental impact.","questions":"How can we reduce environmental impact when it comes to meat?","answer":"Choices"}
{"text":["But there are an unestimated huge number of them that are already in circulation and, one would presume, if they were to be outlawed, an underground market. I mean, does the bump stock just go far enough?","Well, I don't know. I mean, look, I think most Americans do support an individual's right to own a firearm. I certainly do. Now, the issue then becomes, you know - I don't think it's practical to suggest that we could have some kind of gun confiscation movement in this country. There are just probably hundreds of millions of firearms that are owned privately.","I wasn't suggesting that. But I mean, what about limiting the number of weapons or rounds that can be contained in a magazine, which used to be the law.","Well, that's a debate we will likely have. Some states have moved in that direction. But I would suggest that the other issue that many of us are talking about, too, is continuing to enhance background checks for the purchase of private sales of firearms. That is an issue that many of us are advancing. Pat Toomey and Joe Manchin advocated for legislation a few years. I had strongly supported it. Now, I don't want to suggest that, you know, enhancing background checks in any way would have stopped what happened in Las Vegas. From what I've learned so far, I mean. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Is it possible to limit the number of weapons or rounds that can be contained in a magazine, which used to be the law?","questions":"How did PersonA suggest advancing background checks for the purchase of private sales of firearms?","answer":"Limiting"}
{"text":["No. In this part of Mozambique, it's a complete anomaly. It's unheard of. This close to the equator such a powerful storm, it's not something anybody was expecting.","And I understand that you were just in Beira, which was covering the cyclone that you mentioned there. And how is a second major storm going to affect the ability of government and aid organizations to respond?I mean, just give us a sense of what they're currently - what they've been dealing with already and how they might adapt to this latest storm.","Well, it's a massive humanitarian operation unfolding in central Mozambique where I hit last month. There are dozens of agencies trying to reach the lost communities that still haven't received aid. And by some estimates, there are still over a hundred thousand people who have not yet received any assistance. The logistics of reaching these remote communities is extremely complicated, especially given that a lot of the roads have been washed out or partially blocked, causing bottlenecks. And yes, it's not an easy business getting the bare necessities to these communities.","So, finally, as I mentioned, you're a photojournalist. Could you just give us a sense of one or two of the images that have that have really stayed with you as you've covered these two major storms?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Reaching remote communities with aid is extremely difficult due to washed out or partially blocked roads.","questions":"Which operation is unfolding in central Mozambique?","answer":"Humanitarian"}
{"text":["You know, right now, this is one of those, the nener nener is a really great way of putting it, because this thing almost played out like it was a \"Dallas\" show on TV or something, just trying to figure out what was going to happen with these California rivals, going - trying to work it out with each other.","At the end of the day, you know, I think Yahoo!may have made a smart decision. I'm being hopeful for that. I'm being totally speculative on this point. If they can work out this partnership with Google, which is what the game changer has been, why Microsoft walked away from this deal, and that is a proposed opportunity for Google to allow Yahoo, to use its search-advertising technology.","And its search-advertising technology is probably the best on the web, so that made Yahoo feel like, hey, we actually have another option. Maybe we don't have to sell out. Maybe we can just utilize some licensing from our partner-slash-competitor and still be able to keep our brand intact. So, it all remains to be seen, but I think it may have worked out that they didn't do it.","Let me throw another company into the mix. What about AOL?After the big AOL-Time Warner merger in 2000, the combined company lost billions of dollars. Now, Time Warner dropped AOL from its name, fired the AOL CEO. Now wants to offload the company. Are any of these three companies we're talking about, Yahoo!, Google and Microsoft, going to go belly up and buy AOL, you think?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B threw another company in the discussion and assuming that yahoo, google and microsoft gonna buy AOL together","questions":"What assumption did PersonB make about the potential companies buying AOL?","answer":"Together"}
{"text":["It doesn't want to concede to American pressure because it fears that if it concedes under pressure, that's going to project weakness and invite even more pressure. And so for that reason, you've seen, rather than Iran capitulating or compromising, they've begun escalating. But I think the endgame for both sides is - there's really no alternative to coming back to the negotiating table.","And there has been a string of headlines from the region involving Iran in recent weeks. This incident with the British tanker, of course, comes right after the U. S.  says it brought down an Iranian drone. Of course, Iran disputes that version of events. How connected are these events?","They're all interconnected. And essentially, the Trump administration's policy toward Iran has been to subject Iran to significant economic pressure and sanctions in the hopes that either Iran will come to the negotiating table and capitulate over its nuclear program or - I think there's some folks in the Trump administration, like national security adviser John Bolton, who would like to see the implosion of the Iranian regime.","And what Iran has done in response - Iran's supreme leader has been ruling for 30 years, and he's become pretty adept at these escalatory cycles. And he's adept at waving both the white flag of diplomacy and the black flag of radicalism and escalation. So on one hand, he sent his chief diplomat - Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif - he was recently in New York City, and he met with a lot of Western journalists. And he was talking about Iran wanting to pursue dialogue and diplomacy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person thinks that the situation will come to an end with both sides negotiating with one another. There is no game or table.","questions":"What is the endgame for both sides according to \"A\"?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["So Virginia was demographically the ideal Barack Obama success story. It was not a one color success story. It was a multicolored \u2014 he even did better than he's done anywhere else among Latinos. So Virginia is really, if you will, the marquee state for the Barack Obama coalition that he wants to put together.","What about independent voters?Independents or particularly first time voters seemed to have come out.","Yes. In fact, first time voters are largely a creation in this particular cycle of the Barack Obama campaign. That's why they came out. It isn't just because they are suddenly interested in the political process; it's Obama. And in Virginia in particular Obama did so well among independents that he was the reason largely that Mike Huckabee threatened John McCain at all in Virginia. Otherwise McCain would have counted on five to 10 percentage points more from independents who were being attracted over to the other side by Barack Obama.","Before we let you go, there are so many ways to crunch the delegates on the Democratic side. But specifically in terms of delegates that the two candidates have won, in the primaries and caucuses, how are they standing now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"largely a creation\" is a figurative language that means the Obama campaign had a significant impact on encouraging first-time voters to participate in the election.","questions":"How did the Obama campaign impact first-time voters in this election cycle?","answer":"Encouragement"}
{"text":["Mr.  Zandi, you served as an adviser for Senator John McCain's presidential campaign, and now you've been working with the Democrats in leadership. I'm wondering, what sort of advice are you giving them for how to get out of this situation?","Well, I think the most important thing is that government policy needs to be very aggressive. We need a concerted, comprehensive, and consistent response to our economic problems. The crisis is very severe and significant. And without such a response, we're going to be in the economic soup, so to speak, for a long time to come.","And specifically - I'm sure there's many things you've suggested - could you give us a couple of highlights of concrete plans?","Well, the thing that's on the drawing board right now is the economic stimulus plan, and I think we do need a very large plan that would include increases in government spending and tax cuts.","To add to this troubled economy, we now have the latest unemployment figures out this morning from major metropolitan areas. Here's how they look. In November 2007, 18 areas reported jobless rates of at least seven percent. In November 2008, that number jumped to 121. Which areas have seen the highest unemployment rate?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : not literally served, as someone placing prepared food on a table for someone to eat, but working in a job or position","questions":"What is the meaning of \"served\" in turn 0?","answer":"Worked"}
{"text":["I think it's actually the opposite. And Jay Inslee ran as the climate candidate, but it turns out there are several climate candidates. So if you are a voter who's looking for someone who wants to overhaul the entire economy over the coming decades, to transition to renewable energy, massively cut down on greenhouse gas emissions, you have your pick - Beto O'Rourke has a plan to do that, Elizabeth Warren, Joe Biden to a more moderate degree, others. Many have put forward plans that would go far further than what the Obama administration tried to do on this.","Inslee did have the most detailed plan. He did talk about this the most. But that really didn't allow him to end up to stand out on the front. And you're right; most polls show that climate change is one of Democratic voters' top issues. This is something that this year Democrats are regularly talking about, voters are asking about, it's a topic in debates. In the past, that hasn't been the case. This has often been an issue that ends up getting ignored during elections.","You mentioned Bernie Sanders. He just rolled out a big climate plan. How does his proposal compare to the other plans we've seen?","I think it's fair to say this is the most aggressive plan yet."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to put something forward is to give an idea, they are giving ideas for climate change","questions":"How did many candidates respond to the issue of climate change?","answer":"Putforward"}
{"text":["Chop, chop into smallish pieces.","OK.","Then you soften eight ounces of cream cheese, and you blend that with two-thirds of a cup of sour cream, get it all nice and smooth and then you spread that over the minced onion.","And you have the ambulance on speed dial, but yeah. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is to call for an ambulance in case of an emergency, however the implied meaning is that the task the speaker is asking B to do is dangerous or risky.","questions":"What does the speaker suggest about the task?","answer":"risky"}
{"text":["And now it's letter time. Our editor Sasa Woodruff is here with me. Hey, Sasa.","Hey, Farai. How's it going?","I am doing great. So what are folks saying this week?","Well as you can imagine, we got some letters about our economy coverage. On a Bloggers' Roundtable last week, we discussed reports that some were blaming the mortgage crises on African-Americans and other minorities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Some readers expressed concerns about the coverage of the economy","questions":"What was the topic of the Bloggers' Roundtable?","answer":"economy"}
{"text":["Earmarks and pork-barrel spending are as American as a bridge to nowhere. They're little, and sometimes not so little, holiday packages designed to win the votes of senators and representatives for national legislation with government money that's earmarked to directly benefit their states or districts. Many Democrats have groused about the latest examples that have been added, often in hand-written scrawls, into the new tax bill. Norman Ornstein is a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute and joins us now. Norm, thanks for being with us.","A pleasure, Scott.","What are some of the earmarks you've noticed in this tax bill?","Well, we have, of course, the most famous one, which is now being called with hashtags all over Twitter, the Corker kickback, named for Senator Bob Corker of Tennessee who had famously said quite early on I will not vote for any tax bill that adds a dime to the deficit and then turned around at the last minute and voted for this one with a provision added very, very late in the game to provide additional benefits to a particular set of real estate LLC's, as they're called, a particular kind of corporation. And Corker has significant investments in them, as does Donald J.  Trump and other members of the Trump family - something that would specifically give them millions in additional tax benefits."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Earmarks and pork-barrel spending are commonly accepted political tools used by legislators to curry favor with constituents.","questions":"What is the specific term used to describe the provision added to the tax bill that provides additional benefits to a particular set of real estate LLC's?","answer":"Corker"}
{"text":["Well, the room did. Supposedly, the reporter from the New York Times, who had been hanging out in the back and sort of lightly paying attention, came tearing up the aisle and said, do it again. . .",". . . which he did.","How did the Polaroid change taking pictures?","Well, it was a huge revolution, at the time. And people immediately started to play with it. You know, it was a craze from the very beginning. The first camera went on sale in - the year after that demonstration, in 1948. It was rolled out in November. And they sent in a big lot and they said, well, it's the day after Thanksgiving; these should carry you through until Christmas. And they were gone before the store closed that day. So it took off immediately. You know, fine artists began to embrace Polaroid, right from the beginning. One of the first enthusiasts, who saw one of those early demonstrations in the late '40s, was Ansel Adams. And Adams immediately signed on as consultant to Polaroid. And he stayed in that role until the end of his life."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The implied meaning of \"which he did\" is that the person repeated the demonstration.","questions":"How did the person respond to the reporter's request?","answer":"Repeated"}
{"text":["What is at the top of your to-do list right now today?","Right now, we continue to monitor Dorian. As you well know, you know, we continue to go up our East Coast. We're positioned to support all four states. Florida is looking fairly good right now, however, they still have some impacts.","But we really don't want our citizens to, you know, fall asleep on this storm. Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, they're going to feel the blunt of Hurricane Dorian - a lot of rain, a lot of surge and a lot of wind primarily down on the coast. But, you know, these things can that create weather hazards well inland, so - and they're doing a great job of being prepared for that. So we're focused on supporting our states, supporting our locals.","Four states is a long stretch of coastline. This storm is so big. How does that affect your preparations?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Monitoring Hurricane Dorian is our top priority today.","questions":"How is the top priority of the officials described in the dialogue?","answer":"Top"}
{"text":["It's been an exciting year for developments in space. Just earlier this week, SpaceX successfully landed a 15-story tall section of one of their rockets back on Earth. And joining me to discuss what's been going on off our planet during 2015 is NPR science correspondent Geoff Brumfiel. So explain exactly what happened that a part of the rocket returned.","In some sense, this was just another rocket launch for SpaceX. You know, they sent 11 communication satellites into orbit. What really makes this special is what happened to the big first stage of the rocket. Now, normally this would just fall back to Earth. But this time, SpaceX flipped it around and then flew it back to near the launch site and actually landed it. They fired the engines a second time and it sort of floated down onto the pad. It was pretty spectacular to watch.","The space pad looks big when you're looking at it on the Earth. But from space, it must be a tiny dot.","Yeah, I mean SpaceX describes it as trying to shoot a pencil over the Empire State Building, have it turn around and land in a shoebox vertically. That's how hard this is."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The size of the landing pad appears much smaller from space, highlighting the incredible precision required to land a rocket vertically.","questions":"What does SpaceX compare the landing of a rocket to?","answer":"Pencil"}
{"text":["Have you been - has there been any retribution for that kind of storytelling?","Actually, there has not been overall. There has been certain individuals from the book who have contacted me, who now are upset, because they figure can immediately identify them. But prior to the book, and while I was writing it, I did reach out to the majority of the people in the book, and, you know, inform them that I was writing the book, and how I was depicting them in the book.","And I told them that I was changing their names and - you know, and I read to them their descriptions and things of that nature. So a lot of people were very supportive in the beginning, and a lot of people are still continuing to be supportive.","But I think, you know, because now the book, you know, is festering, people are starting to read it, they're getting to pick out and, you know, identify certain people in the book. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Certain individuals are unhappy because they can recognize themselves in the book","questions":"What is causing certain individuals to be upset?","answer":"Recognition"}
{"text":["I haven't talked to him in years.","(Laughter).","Well, you know, Ron Paul - you know, he's got some oddness in his closet. But, you know, compared to Hillary Clinton or Jeb Bush, Rand Paul has, like, the greatest situation in terms of family members lingering around the campaign in a lot of ways. You know, his foreign policy is distinct from his father's. Many of his economic policies are distinct. He needs to expound on what is his governing philosophy and why does restraint in foreign policy also mean restraint in domestic affairs?And why are those both good things?","As you survey the political landscape on issues like privacy or foreign policy, do you see traces of libertarian success?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"talked to him in years\" - This means that the speaker has not had any communication with the person in question for a long time, but the literal meaning suggests a lack of verbal communication specifically.","questions":"What does turn 0 imply about the nature of communication between the speaker and the person in question?","answer":"Verbal"}
{"text":["Well, I only recently arrived, so I haven't seen the whole city by any means. But when I got here, I went straight to a demonstration on the city's east side. This was one of those demonstrations that have been called by Juan Guaido for what he billed as the biggest-ever demonstration in the history of Venezuela.","There were a lot of people there - thousands, possibly in the tens of thousands. But I have seen much larger crowds turn out for Guaido before. And so this was a smaller turnout. And I think the most noticeable thing about it is that the mood has quite substantially changed. Whilst these demonstrations for the opposition leader, Guaido, were before quite very lively - there'd be a lot of chanting, a lot of singing - now there's a mood of wariness. I thought it was more subdued.","And not far away from where I was, there were violent clashes underway between the security forces and a small group of anti-government protesters in which, you know, they were exchanging. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the phrase \"they were exchanging\" is likely an understatement for the violent and potentially deadly exchanges happening between the security forces and protesters. ","questions":"What was the mood of the crowd during the demonstration according to A?","answer":"Subdued"}
{"text":["Donald Trump questioned John McCain's war heroism. He suggested that Senator Ted Cruz's father was involved with the Kennedy assassination. He slurred Senator Cruz's wife. What do you say to colleagues who just say, I'm sorry, our nominee just shouldn't be someone who talks like that?","Well, you know, and I've heard that from a number of people. And I've said to them, look, you know what, not asking you to fall in love with him. Let's just fall in line as a party because we're facing now the greatest challenge I think we've seen, not just as a party but our country.","And I'm more concerned with a Never Hillary (laughter) than a Never Trump. And I just don't understand how an Obama, Clinton or Sanders agenda would be good for the country. And I'm just thinking right now for our country, we need to come together. For our party, we need to come together.","Republicans have called Donald Trump a demagogue and a racist - prominent Republicans - for statements on mass deportations, Mexican immigrants and barring Muslims from the United States. What do you say to them?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  This turn actually means that the speaker is more concerned with the alternative (Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, or Bernie Sanders) than with a \"Never Trump\" attitude, and that it is important for the country and party to come together despite any reservations about Trump.","questions":"How is the speaker prioritizing their concern between \"Never Trump\" and the alternative candidates?","answer":"Never"}
{"text":["Tomorrow, car sales numbers for November are due out, and they're not expected to be good. That could lead to more dealerships shutting down, and that could mean a big loss of revenue for local governments. For example, this year, the state of California has lost at least two billion dollars in sales taxes due to the drop in car sales.","To get a better sense of how local governments are coping, we're joined now by Marshall Bond. He is the city manager for Monroeville, Pennsylvania. Thanks for joining us, and why don't you tell us how many car dealerships are in Monroeville?","Just about every major domestic and foreign manufacturer sells cars here in Monroeville.","And so, how much of your budget comes from the revenue from car sales at these dealerships?","We have a business tax which obviously is, I'd say, probably of that - I'd say total tax is probably about 15 to 20 percent is based upon our related car industry."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A significant portion of the city's tax revenue is generated from the car industry.","questions":"Which industry generates a significant portion of the city's tax revenue?","answer":"Car"}
{"text":["Well, the president really is his own brand. And that's kind of a double-edged sword - right?- for Democrats. You know, there's an opportunity for them to legislate with the president. At the same time, there has been, you know, voter research that has shown that voters don't necessarily view President Trump as a dyed-in-the-wool Republican.","He's really his sort of own brand. And so the question is whether voters are going to want to punish Republicans, you know, for what they may see as the president's inability to perform, if that, in fact, turns out to be the case. Hopefully, there's going to be some legislative victories coming here in the next few months, particularly on taxes.","But, yeah, the president's going to zig, and he's going to zag. And in the meantime, I think the Republicans are going to have to do their best to try to muscle through an agenda. And the big one coming up for them is going to be this debate over taxes.","When you say muscle through an agenda, the implication is they've got to twist arms in their own party?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The President's lack of loyalty to the Republican Party may lead to voters punishing Republicans in the upcoming election.","questions":"What could be the potential consequence for Republicans due to the President's lack of loyalty to the Republican Party?","answer":"Punishment"}
{"text":["Well, it just occurred to me in the last few months that what I do is almost like a drug for me. If it's not there on some nights when my instrument is not working correctly like I want it to, or the sound isn't right, or the audience is heckling me, or somebody's not happy, it's almost like I'm not getting that fix that I need. And it is kind of the biggest drug in my life is taking music to people, in a way.","So, Lalah, you have a bunch of different sounds on this CD, and let's talk a little bit about the song, \"One Mile\" which has a little bit more of a hip-hop, R&B edge.","(Singing) Bring me all around the world, Tell me I'm the only one. I believe you love me so, Wondered how you let me down. Tricky how you said the words, Didn't even feel disturbed. You're my one and only girl, Those are only words I heard.","So, when you think about the story telling, and this sound, how do you cross-pollinate them when you put together something like this song?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker feels the need to perform music to feel complete.","questions":"What is the biggest drug in the PersonA's life?","answer":"Music"}
{"text":["It has.","Get out.","The time has flown. And you are flying. You are flying across the ocean. You are leaving us.","Great segue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A certain amount of time has passed by surprisingly quickly","questions":"What has flown?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Well, that might be true. But I just think to put someone on a list for leering - to put that word on a list as an accusation is a pretty strong statement. This is a list being circulated in the business. This is a list meant to affect people's reputations and their careers. Another thing was something like leading multiple women on online was one of the charges on that list. And you know, that's a pretty common thing. And I would say leering's a pretty common thing. So do we really want to put that in writing and like besmirch somebody's reputation over something like that?I don't know.","But should it be a pretty common thing?","Well, these are sort of sleazy behaviors. And maybe they should not. But I'm just not sure these are criminal acts. And I suppose what I want to do is kind of separate what's a real abuse of power or a criminal act from what is kind of like everyday sleazy behavior that we wish wouldn't happen. I mean, we wish it wouldn't happen. But do we want people to lose their jobs over it?","In this article, you write at length about about Lorin Stein, who was until a few weeks ago the editor of Paris Review, who has acknowledged behavior he says he regrets. And you point out the fact that he has has nurtured and supported the careers of many successful women writers. Does one justify the other?Can you expect to get exonerated on that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Distinguishing between criminal acts and sleazy behavior, and whether people should lose their jobs over it.","questions":"What is the author's concern regarding putting someone on a list for leering?","answer":"Reputation"}
{"text":["Yesterday, in a letter to Congress, Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said that significant uncertainty now exists with regard to unresolved tax and spending policies for 2013, but we didn't really need Timothy Geithner to tell us that. Ron Elving is with us. He's NPR's senior Washington editor, and he joins me here in Studio 3A to help us make sense of what's happening in Washington as this deadline looms closer like a shadow approaching. Right, Ron?Welcome back to TALK OF THE NATION.","Good to be with you, Celeste.","Explain to me what's going on 'cause, first, we heard there may be a proposal from the president, then we heard there's no proposal from the president. Where do the negotiations stand?","The Senate is here. The president is here. They appear to be talking. The president was on the phone before he left Hawaii with the Republican and Democratic leaders of both the House and Senate. And apparently in one of the conversations that he had, either last night or after he got back here today, he intimated in some way to the Republican leader in the Senate - now, of course he's the minority leader in the Senate, as the Republicans are under 50 percent in that body - and Mitch McConnell got the message one way or another that the president was going to put something new on the table later on today. And so his people came out and told all the reporters on Capitol Hill, we're getting something from the president today, stay tuned."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Timothy Geithner's statement on tax and spending policies is not surprising","questions":"What did Timothy Geithner say about tax and spending policies?","answer":"Unresolved"}
{"text":["And so, finally, what would affect this backlog?What would be the most - in your view, based on your experience - the most effective way to address this backlog - this enormous backlog of cases?","I think, to begin with, any high-volume court system - criminal courts, you know, outside of the immigration system - can only survive when you have - the two parties are able to conference cases, are able to reach pre-case settlements, are able to reach agreements on things. If you could imagine in the criminal court system, if every jaywalking case had to go through a - you know, a full jury trial and then, you know, get appealed all the way up as high as it could go, that system would be in danger of collapse as well. So I think you have to return to a system where you allow the two sides to negotiate things.","And you also have to give the judges - let them be judges. Give them the tools they need to be judges and the independence they need to be judges. And lastly, you have to prioritize the cases.","Before we let you go, I assume that there were different political perspectives at this conference, given that people come from all different sectors of that - of the bar. And I just wondered - and I assume that there are some there who favor more restrictionist methods and some who don't. I was wondering, overall, was there a mood at this conference?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : cases implies situations, issues or conditions and not suitcases or packs","questions":"What does the term \"cases\" refer to in the dialogue?","answer":"Legal"}
{"text":["No, because the guys used to sit on the porch and play their guitars and (unintelligible). And then would beat to the tap of their foot. So I kind of adapted that tanta-ta-tan-tum, tanta-ta-tan-tum(ph). I mean, because - I mean, my people - my relatives, most of them were from Jackson, Mississippi. So when they migrated to Indianapolis, they kind of brought a lot of that feeling.","When he said write a hit, that one song people know me all over the world, in Russia, Africa, Japan, all over the world, people, the first thing they say when they see me, \"Red Clay. \"","In the course of your career, you had, obviously, highs and you had some lows, and they've been described as personal problems. Without going into detail, are we to assume that those problems were substance abuse related?","Well, substance abuse, I wouldn't really say I had a problem with that. I mean, I would say that at one period in the '70s, I started partying, I was in Hollywood A-list(ph). And everybody would come up there, I mean, all kind of movie stars, all kind of football stars, basketball stars, actors. And I had a spot right there in (unintelligible) overlooking the (unintelligible). And the people that I had coming up there - now, the substance abuse, it was around because a lot of people who would come to see me would bring it. But I would never really say I had a habit or anything like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"Red Clay\" is the song that made me famous.","questions":"What song made the person famous?","answer":"Red-Clay"}
{"text":["You know, that's a really great question. Our book hit No. 3 on the New York Times bestseller list on Wednesday. And here I am having written this book and stepping into a different version of, you know, women's rights feminist icon. And it's something I'm really proud of because I had to really educate myself on what I believe to be true.","And so I - I don't know. I think that recreating a person's identity is happening on the daily. And I - for me - I want to keep breaking free from all of these identities and get down to that last one, which is human. And I hope that people out there feel the same way because we are all the same matter.","That soccer star Abby Wambach.","Abby, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B: \"That soccer star Abby Wambach\" - This turn has a literal meaning as it refers to the actual identity of the person being mentioned.","questions":"Which athlete is mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Abby"}
{"text":["Media looks very bad on this. It looks credulous for Justice Department sources. Hatfill had filed suit against the government and, you know, sought to get the names of sources from journalists, taking them to court to do so, and to try to prove that the Justice Department had intentionally leaked this, as they sought to, you know, circle in on him and to capture him for these attacks.","Now, this year, there was a settlement, a legal settlement, for Steven Hatfill from the government.","That's right. Just a few months ago, the government essentially paid out a package - depending on how you value it - but about 5. 85 million dollars to compensate him for lost revenue over the course of his career. He lost a job at Louisiana State University, as a result of this, that he had been offered. Interestingly, the government did not exonerate him directly. Although the entire settlement tended to do that, but it not explicitly exonerate him, and nor did it apologize to him for this. CHADWICK: I don't imagine that we in the media are going to be apologizing to him either. NPR's David Folkenflik, thank you.","You bet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"You bet.\" - The actual meaning is \"You're welcome\" or \"No problem\".","questions":"How did PersonA respond to Chadwick's statement?","answer":"Welcome"}
{"text":["How are you with intimacy these days?Where do you seek it?Where do you get it?Is it still in making eye contact with strangers?Is it when you get on a stage?","I don't know. I am more ambivalent. I am - when I'm on stage now, I don't laser beam my eyeballs into other people's eyeballs. . .","(Laughter).",". . . like I used to. I mean, I used to victimize people with my eyeballs one by one."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A used to make intense eye contact with strangers but now avoids it.","questions":"Which behavior did PersonA change regarding eye contact?","answer":"Avoids"}
{"text":["I think, it means, that the voters, or the people being polled as voters, don't take their cues from the media, which is not really hard to believe. I think most people absorb a certain amount of media information that they choose from certain sources of media information. They generally tend to go to ones that they find simpatico. They may agree or not agree with a lot of what they hear, but they make up their own minds, and they make up their minds on the basis of things that were in their minds before they went to the media.","Well, Ron. Thanks so much.","My pleasure, Farai.","Ron Elving is NPR's senior Washington editor. He joined us from NPR's headquarters in Washington, D. C."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People make their own decisions when it comes to voting and are not influenced by the media as much as one might think.","questions":"What is the main factor that does not affect voters' decision-making?","answer":"Media"}
{"text":["In South America, a massive power grid serves Argentina and neighboring Uruguay, as well as parts of Paraguay. Tens of millions of people rely on that grid, until Sunday morning, when they could not. The grid crashed. Much of three countries went dark. NPR's Philip Reeves has been covering this story from Rio de Janeiro. Hey there, Philip.","Hi.","How did this unfold?","Well, it started, Steve, at around 7 in the morning. People were - woke up for, you know, what they hoped would be a nice, peaceful Sunday to discover that the power was out across almost all of Argentina, which is the second largest country in this region, and also in parts of neighboring Uruguay and Paraguay, which get electricity, as you mentioned, from the Argentine grid. Now, the impact would have been a lot worse on a working day, but big power cuts are always very serious matters."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Parts of South America experienced a major power outage.","questions":"Which neighboring country had parts that were affected by the power outage?","answer":"Uruguay"}
{"text":["Thank you, Tony. It's a pleasure to be with you.","As I understand it, I should be singing \"Happy Birthday\" to you. Your birthday's Monday, right?","You know all the information, don't you?","It just means we did our homework on you. Happy birthday, Nneena Freelon.","Thank you, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is aware of A's birthday and is teasing them","questions":"How did PersonB acknowledge PersonA's birthday?","answer":"Mentioning"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Jennifer Linder. You say it's UVA and UVB, make sure you have that in the sun - both - protection from both kinds of ultraviolet.","That is correct. It's actually probably the most important thing for people to remember because you want to have broad-spectrum covered. The reason is you can think of the UVB rays as being the burning rays, and you can think of the UVA rays as being the aging rays, and that's because the UVB rays go into the epidermis, which is where the nucleus is for the keratinocytes, the ones that when the DNA is changed, actually it turns into skin cancer, versus the UVA rays are longer wavelengths. And they actually go - capable of going into the deeper dermis, which is where the collagen is. And when you break down collagen, that's how you age, and probably about 80 to 90 percent of aging is actually a result of sun exposure.","What about the SPF factor?Does SPF 30 protect you twice as much as, say, SPF 15 and half as much as 60?","Great question. So it's - actually the way that the studies are done it's a little bit confusing because an SPF of 15 protects you from 93 percent of UVB rays, and it's only UVBs that SPF actually tells you about. Now, an SPF of 30 is going to protect you from 97 percent of those UVB rays. And when you get up to 50, you're only protecting yourself from 98 percent. So you can notice it's partial percentage points differences. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The type of UV rays affects skin differently.","questions":"What are the two types of UV rays mentioned in the dialogue and their effects on skin?","answer":"Aging"}
{"text":["We're going to begin this hour following two developing stories. Odessa, Texas, police officials say at least five people were killed and 21 others injured in a shooting spree. Three law enforcement officers were shot. And a person believed responsible was also shot and killed. We are going to continue to follow that story and provide updates as details are confirmed.","But now we're going to turn to the Bahamas, where they are bracing for Hurricane Dorian. The Category 4 storm is gaining strength and approaching Category 5 status. It's expected to make landfall on the northwestern part of the islands tomorrow, and some short-term models predict as much as 64 inches of rain could could fall over the Northern Bahamas once the storm stalls. Joining us from the Bahamas is Rick Lohr. He is the general manager of the Abaco Beach Resort. That's in Marsh Harbour on the island of Abaco, which is in the path of the storm.","Mr.  Lohr, thanks so much for joining us.","My pleasure.","Could you just tell us what the weather is like right now?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The hurricane in the Bahamas is a developing story.","questions":"How is Hurricane Dorian categorized?","answer":"Category-4"}
{"text":["Well, I'm here advising Ambassador Vecchio. And Ambassador Vecchio and myself have very fluid communication with members of Congress, with the State Department, with the White House. And we've always radiated and seen with very good eyes that this is a bipartisan issue.","So what does it mean to you when you hear someone like John Bolton, the national security adviser, talking about all options being on the table when it comes to support for Venezuela?Do you have any fears about military intervention?","Well, first of all, we continue to ask for all options on the table because. . .","So you want it. You want that to be a potential."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker believes that all possible solutions should be considered in order to address the Venezuela crisis.","questions":"Which crisis is the speaker referring to?","answer":"Venezuela"}
{"text":["So, I think, you know, I didn't expect her to do anything huge after \"Dream Girls. \"I think that's just sort of the name of the game. When you're an African-American actress, you take what you can get. And this is a big film. It's a small role, but it's in a huge movie that will probably do incredibly well. I just thought she was ill-fitted. I didn't think she belonged in it.","Kelly Rowland, you mentioned her name, Destiny's Child.","MS.  SAMUELS: Right.","She basically said she wanted the part."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of the turn is that Kelly Rowland expressed interest in the part. However, the actual meaning may be that Kelly Rowland was not mentioned before this turn, and the speaker may be changing the subject or trying to steer the conversation in a different direction.","questions":"Which subject did the speaker possibly want to steer the conversation towards?","answer":"Part"}
{"text":["So explain to me how this system actually works.","Well, the first thing is to know what the weather is so you can know what the weather will be. That's the crux of it. So you need as complete observations of the global atmosphere as possible, which means coming from satellites and weather buoys and from sensors and airliners. And then once you know what it is, what you can do is then begin to run it forward in time.","But rather than just, you know, sort of being plugged into the supercomputers - you know, in comes the present, and out comes the future - the models are really a kind of ongoing concern. Every six hours, every 12 hours, they compare their own forecast with the latest observations. And so the models in reality are kind of - you know, they're sort of dancing together, where the model makes a forecast, and it's corrected slightly by the observations that are coming in.","And does anyone own these models and these satellites?I mean, is it part of a global web?Or does America have a certain piece of this and every country sort of have their own proprietary information that somehow gets passed along?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It does not run but the data is joined with different days of the week, month, and year.","questions":"How is the data processed?","answer":"Observations"}
{"text":["One, make sure you fill out all the federal forms correctly and thoroughly. Two, report all your income to the government. Those will be the two big headlines. Three. . .","That's the law, right?","Yeah, that's - follow the law is clear. Three, it really hasn't affected the lobbying business, per se, even with President Trump. There's so much uncertainty out there that businesses and individuals want people representing them in Washington who are just kind of aware of what's going on and looking after their interests.","Well, that raises this question. During your lobbying career, you lobbied, I gather, for broadcasters and beer wholesalers. As we noted, Mr.  Manafort specialized in lobbying for foreign strongman, including Mobutu Sese Seko of Zaire and Viktor Yanukovych of Ukraine, Moscow's man - Moscow's plant in Kiev. Question might sound naive - I thought ambassadors were supposed to represent the interests of foreign powers in Washington, D. C.  How did lobbyists become part of it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It is a legal requirement to fill out federal forms correctly and report income to the government.","questions":"What are the two big headlines?","answer":"Fill,Report"}
{"text":["Oh, yeah. The kids who were studied were in the one-and-a-half years to five-year range. In each case, it was only one parent deployed. They all lived on the same Marine base, which was actually Portsmouth, Virginia. They were all enrolled in a base-supplied childcare program, which allowed them to be studied more closely.","There was one atypical thing, by the way, which is that the deployments were shorter than one would expect. The average was only three and a half months, and we know that many deployments are a year or a year-and-a-half or even longer than that.","And still, even though it was a short deployment, the researchers still saw negative consequences.","Yes, yeah. The whole question of behavioral change was studied by having both parents and teachers fill out questionnaires about the child's behavior. And these kids were compared with other kids on the same base. The only difference is, the comparison kids didn't have a parent deployed to a combat zone.","And what were they measuring, what kinds of behavior?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Short deployments had negative consequences, contrary to expectations.","questions":"Which deployments had negative consequences?","answer":"Deployments"}
{"text":["No, no. I'm a member of the House of Lords, and I'm a proud British citizen. And, you know, if you want to meet monarchists, I'm about as monarchist as you can get. Now, I'm absolutely a proud Brit.","But I do want a German passport as well, which we're able to have, because I want to be able to travel freely throughout Europe. And I do feel that my ancestry is European. All four of my grandparents were German, and my mother and her parents came to this country before the war as refugees, and Britain was wonderful to them.","But now that I discover I am entitled to a German passport as well as my British one - I'm a proud British subject - that's what I'm going to do.","Is your decision impelled, or at least hastened, by the vote on Brexit?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - Impelled in this context implies \"motivated\" or \"influenced\" which is different from its literal meaning of \"urged or forced\".","questions":"How does impelled mean in this context?","answer":"Motivated"}
{"text":["A Russian activist has shared a secret video clip that shows two of the Pussy Riot members who were arrested being interrogated. A furious policeman shouts, sometimes I regret that it's not 1937 - the time called the Great Terror in Russia under Josef Stalin, in which a million or more people were executed.","Pussy Riot knows the score. They live and strive in a country where activists, dissidents, artists and reporters can suffer for their bravery, and they went ahead with their action anyway, just below Vladimir Putin's cold smile. Pussy Riot are champions.","(Singing) Big smile for the camera. It's always on. It's all in the protocol. They tapped my phone. Golden idols holding rivals. Take my body, anybody. I'm your trophy. Make my nose bleed. Now you own me. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could die. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could cry. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could cry. Everybody's doing the same thing, and it makes me happy, yeah. It makes me happy, yeah. Oh, my God.","Pussy Riot."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The policeman wishes he could execute Pussy Riot members.","questions":"How did the policeman feel about Pussy Riot members?","answer":"Furious"}
{"text":["Well, I would say that he is a guy that tends to see silver linings in dark clouds. And, you know, this is a man that, in private business, had 10,000 lawsuits over his career, so I think he has a unique ability to sort of quarantine in his mind the impact some of these things have.","And what's the risk in that?","Well, I think the implications, again, is that it's not just about Zelenskiy. It's not about the Ukraine. It's not about Rudy. It's - the can has been opened. Now we have to see if there's good soup inside or worms, right?They're going to be looking for stuff - the House Democrats - that are not going to be very glowing and positive about the president. So if we think these revelations are not good - and now they might get an expedited subpoena power with the impeachment process under way. It's not good.","Does the seriousness of this cast a shadow on the White House?Are they concerned about what, for instance, is going to be coming out today?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Does the seriousness make the government look or feel bad about it?","questions":"Which implication is mentioned by PersonA in his response to PersonB's question?","answer":"Shadow"}
{"text":["Well, I think it's complicated, to be honest with you. I think part of it is that I wanted to appear strong. I wanted to appear as if I could suck it up and take whatever came my way with a sense of humor. I wanted to be taken seriously and not, you know, is one of those women who somehow was overly emotional or naggy or, you know, to complain about, you know, the things that were often said to me or in my presence about other women. And so for me, that was constantly an inner conflict that I was trying to manage. And frankly, there was a lot of productivity probably that went into having to manage that kind of thing that really is real.","Do you think that culture drove out women from the national security environment?I mean, women working in that sect are vastly outnumbered by men?","There's no doubt. We all have our own red lines and our own saturation points that we get to with us. But there's absolutely no doubt. And I say that on the basis of - you know, of data because of women coming to me over time. And sometimes their reasons for leaving were cloaked in other things. But I think that very clearly for a lot of them who were willing to, you know, be a bit more forthright in why they were choosing to leave was the exhaustion.","What is the impact in your view when you don't have women in senior leadership positions?What do women bring to the table?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The lack of women in national security is due to cultural factors which prevents them.","questions":"What factor prevents women from working in national security?","answer":"culture"}
{"text":["And it's most importantly for us, combined with great food, great food and dining experiences. And as more of our culture gets into more of the artsy and fine wine and fine dining experiences, wine is more of a part of that for all cultures.","Do you ever find people saying to you, OK, it's great that you do this, but your world is so on another planet. And what you do is so ridiculously specialized, I can't even talk to you because I don't know what you're talking about?","Definitely find less and less that. I think everybody in our - the mystique of wine and the exclusivity of wine, those barriers have been broken down, to a large degree, and people are less and less afraid to try wine and to have fun with it themselves.","They ask questions about some of the technical aspects of it. We're very fortunate as a family, and the other members of the African-American Association of Vintners are also from various backgrounds, and they get the same kind of questions that we do. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The exclusivity of wine has decreased, and people are more open to trying it.","questions":"Which barrier has been broken down in regards to wine, making people more open to trying it?","answer":"Exclusivity"}
{"text":["How fair or accurate is the idea that Joan Kroc gave away Ray Kroc's money to a lot of places and causes of which he would not have approved?","A lot of old-guard McDonald's people I've talked to are angry that Joan made gifts that, in their estimation, were more liberal-leaning than Ray, perhaps, would've liked, including her million-dollar gift to the Democrats - now - and her active work in the peace movement and building these peace institutes at both Notre Dame and the University of San Diego.","I don't think she did it to spite Ray or to get back at him at all, although I do know that during the course of their marriage, she said she suppressed her politics and her interests in some ways because she didn't want to seem untoward. And yet, that doesn't square up with the fact that she started this alcoholism education charity while Ray was clearly afflicted. So the dichotomy or the juxtaposition of all these odd facts with Joan is what makes her so interesting to me. She was a very complicated person.","Lisa Napoli, her book, \"Ray And Joan: The Man Who Made The Mcdonald's Fortune And The Woman Who Gave It All Away. \""],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies the complexity of Joan's personality and the interesting contradictions in her life and actions.","questions":"What made Joan an interesting person to A?","answer":"Contradictions"}
{"text":["Thank you.","Can you tell us about the operation?What did you see when you got to Madaya?","Well, the humanitarian situation there is really, really dire. Already - I was there last time in September 2016, people were already suffering a lot, for example. It was freezing cold in the town, and people were starting, like, to burn their own furniture or blankets because basically there is no fuel in the city, so they were burning their own belongings in order to to keep a little bit warm. But this time when I went, they even people - they were running out of anything to burn.","And speaking about food, take it into consideration that cooking gas is not available in the town. People were putting the rice or the grains that they have for food in a little bit of water and leaving it under the sun for a couple of hours so it can become a little bit tender to be eaten. This is beyond shocking.","Well, what supplies did you bring them to the people?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People were so desperate for fuel that they were even boiling their food without proper cooking gas.","questions":"How were people cooking their food in Madaya?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["I suppose that reaching young people would be the appropriate place to go to try to build a new sensibility about Africa?","I had this girl in Oakland come up to me, and she says why are you talking to us?I look around the audience here and the kids sitting alongside of me, the people who can make a difference are people with influence, people with money, and the people sitting by me have neither. I said it is so much more than you think in terms of the influence you have and the power you have, the sense of passion you have.","You know, they haven't settled yet often in high school and stuff. We get older and we seem to just settle and say, well that's the way it is and the edge seems to be taken off. But they're at high school, and at colleges, universities, they haven't settled for less and it is - it's inspiring for me as I see the activism that's happening.","Now, does it happen within your own family?I don't know the ages of your children, but I wonder if your passion has been passed down to them?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They suppose that informing young people in an engaging way would be appropriate.","questions":"Which group of people does PersonA believe can make a difference?","answer":"Influence"}
{"text":["Has this ever been done before, I mean, even with other types of energy like oil and gas for example?","That's not how we have historically done oil and gas use or exploration. Again, we're talking on public land. It's not been how we've done it. It is the way we've tried in recent years to think about the Endangered Species Act. Instead of looking at each little place when a question comes up and say is this an endangered habitat, is this a problem, look at large areas, ecosystems, chunks that make sense together.","Try to highlight what the problems are in that area so that subsequent development proposals are not - don't start from ground zero. Information's been gathered and looked at in a more systematic way. I mean, programmatic environmental impact assessments have been allowed ever since NEPA passed back in the 1970s.","It hasn't been used very often. I think that the Interior Department should get a lot of credit for using it this time."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Interior Department deserves recognition for using the programmatic environmental impact assessment method more often.","questions":"What method did the Interior Department use more often?","answer":"Programmatic"}
{"text":["Last year, we gave almost $50 million of our internal resources for aid. So between 25 percent and a third of all of our students had enough grant aid from the college for tuition to be free. Why is that possible?Because we have this endowment that we use to underwrite the cost and to provide opportunities for students.","OK.  You have, as you mentioned, an enrollment of 1,700 students with an endowment of 1. 8 billion. That's more than a million dollars per student. The government only wants to take 1. 4 percent in this proposal.","Well, first of all, 1. 4 percent may seem like a small percent, but that is every dollar there - takes dollars away from students. It takes away either from the quality of educational experience or from our ability to offer aid. And we do this as a public good. We do it for students from all over the country. We admit need blind. So we admit students without even considering how much they can pay. And we're able to do that because of these resources, and we're not unique.","Right. But, you know, if you look at something like Harvard and Yale, they have an endowment of a combined $60 billion. I mean, that's an astronomical amount of money. And, in effect, by it being tax free, aren't we the taxpayer subsidizing these elite universities that are hardly hurting for income?I mean, aren't we all paying for it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Takes dollars away from students\" implies that they are actually taking money from the student's pockets.","questions":"What is the purpose of the endowment mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Underwrite"}
{"text":["Well, we got some comments about a story we did on a reported drop of media coverage on the war in Iraq. Charles Durn(ph) in Doylestown, Pennsylvania wrote us this. I am amazed how the various reasons given for the reduced coverage skip the obvious. One of your guests said that coverage switched off the same week General Petraeus said the surge was working. The obvious reason is the press is not interested in success in Iraq, especially if it made Bush look good.","Caroline Madelle Bennett(ph) in Rochester, New York praised us for a guest on that same segment. I don't care for much of what NPR puts on anymore, but I want you to know that I appreciate your having Laura Flanders on this evening. She's one of the intelligent voices of which there are so few on radio, in broadcast news, commentary and analysis.","We got a couple of comments on the monthly series on jazz that we're doing. Last week, we talked about how radio stations were dropping jazz from their programming lineups. Melinda Kennedy, who listens on WMUE FM noted this. It's not the music that keeps me from listening, but the radio personalities that host the shows.","And Don Nickels(ph) from Wildwood, Missouri chimed in, jazz has not suffered. Most of the greats are gone, but other than that it is the same as it's been for decades. It is a black genre and has never made it out of that community. Should it have more exposure on the radio?Maybe. But if no one is listening, who will pay?Welcome to what makes the world go round. It's called capitalism."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The radio personalities hosting jazz shows are not good.","questions":"What was the reason for Melinda Kennedy not listening to the jazz programming?","answer":"Personalities"}
{"text":[". . . And because I've written certain things. And now I know that certain people in Saudi Arabia that I can't even name, people who work at the Royal Court, are putting names on a list, people like me and others. And these people are now blacklisted in this country. And we know it. I mean, we all know it, OK?So this is it. This is what's at stake.","Why do you think this is happening now?","What's different now is certain regimes, even if they were fierce and bold and sometimes ruthless with their own opponents, did not do this level of things abroad or in the daylight, OK?Mubarak could make opponents disappear in Egypt. He would never dare to touch someone in the streets of London or Berlin. The Saudi leadership used to kidnap some princes for family reasons in Switzerland or elsewhere, but they would not kill someone in the streets of Paris or Rome, OK?So this is now different. These countries today feel that they have withered an extraordinarily enormous storm, which is the Arab revolution that started in 2011, OK?So they are today on a full-blast quest and hunt against anybody who could threaten their political existence.","If the West specifically and the United States don't react forcefully to Jamal Khashoggi's disappearance, what do you think the effect will be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are on a list of people that are treated badly by the country.","questions":"Which country?","answer":"Saudi"}
{"text":["Well, things are more quiet than usual. There's many, many fewer people and cars out on the street during the day because of the day of mourning. People are just (unintelligible). And it's also the weather is really bad. There is like a storm and cold and rain, so people are staying home, and then some people go out to celebrate New Year's Eve tonight. A lot of people won't because of the situation.","But it's a situation that is reflected all over the Arab world and many other parts of the world where people are really angry about what's going on. They think Israel is using excessive force. But they feel frustrated because they can't do anything about it, and their governments aren't - seemingly aren't doing anything about it either.","Leaders are calling for an end to the violence, but there hasn't been much talk in terms of specifics. What can be done to accomplish that goal of ending these attacks?","Well, if they wanted to do something, they could a lot - diplomatically, politically, economically - but they are really more talk than action. This is the problem. The Arab leaders I think genuinely share their people's anger with what's going on in the Israeli attack. Many Arab leaders are also angry at Hamas. They don't like Hamas very much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 'many, many fewer people and cars out on the street during the day' implies that the streets are quieter than usual.","questions":"Which word can be used to describe the number of people and cars on the street during the day due to the day of mourning, as mentioned in turn 0 of the dialogue?","answer":"Fewer"}
{"text":["It's interesting, these papers that you brought with you, or sent to us, about how - these are the tricks that people use, and they can actually test out whether they work or not.","Yeah. These are things that a lot of good cooks probably know, whether they realized they know them or not. But exactly what these things are are a little fuzzy because everybody's a little different. There are some scientists in England and there are other groups, especially in the Netherlands, that have been running tests for years, and they tend to sound kind of bizarre. They'll prepare some food. They'll give it to different people to eat. And later, the people will realize that something else was changing while they were eating it, something in the atmosphere.","Mm-hmm. And they - in one test, they gave people some ice cream that tasted like bacon?","Yeah. This is - Charles Spence is the main scientist. He's at the University of Oxford. He teamed up with one of the famous chefs in England, and they made something which sounds really crazy, bacon and egg ice cream, which I'm told is really pretty good, tastes like bacon and eggs. And they served bacon and egg ice cream to a bunch of people. And they had them do some sort of rating about how bacony does it taste, or how eggy does it taste?And they would play sounds. And whenever they would play the sound of frying bacon, you know, that crackling sound, people would consistently say that the thing tasted a lot more bacony to them. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The sound of frying bacon makes the ice cream taste more like bacon to people","questions":"Which sound?","answer":"Frying"}
{"text":["Didn't Elon Musk know all this before he sent out that memorable tweet on August 7?","Well, a lot of people think he should have. Let's go back to that August 7 when he sent out that tweet and said I'm considering taking the company private, funding secured at $420 a share. And analysts immediately were very dubious that Musk could pull this off. Where would he get the 10 billions of dollars to take the company private?Did he really have the funding secured as he claimed?And that is something that the Securities and Exchange Commission is investigating, according to multiple reports. And Musk said at the time - or Musk said that two-thirds of the investors would stick with Tesla if it went private, but he really had no way of knowing that.","And why did he want to take the company private in any case?","Well, he's always chafed at the demands of Wall Street - the quarterly earnings reports, the pesky questions from analysts. He famously called one analyst's question boring and boneheaded on an earnings call earlier this year. But perhaps even more than all this, Musk. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Elon Musk may not have had the funding secured for taking Tesla private","questions":"What was the Securities and Exchange Commission investigating?","answer":"Funding"}
{"text":["Well, the president fires the attorney general. The new guy fires the special counsel. History repeats itself. No, the president - President Nixon understood the Constitution. He understood how to govern. He knew he was walking a tightrope. So when a lot of different people in Congress, the public, the courts stood up and showed their courage and they were outraged and started to push back, he backed down. He let the investigation continue. And 10 months later, he resigned. This time it looks like a circus where the clowns are walking a tightrope in slow motion and some people are cheering as if it's a joke. But it's not a joke.","Mr.  Doyle, I must say you sounded almost wistful speaking about Richard Nixon.","(Laughter) Well, yeah. You know, I've never compared Richard Nixon to Thomas Jefferson before. Never thought I should. But I told someone yesterday that compared to Donald Trump, Richard Nixon is Thomas Jefferson.","All right. I'll leave that as your opinion."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Donald Trump is much worse than Nixon as a president and does not have the same level of political intelligence or ability to govern.","questions":"How did PersonA compare Nixon and Jefferson?","answer":"Thomas"}
{"text":["Iceberg in particular has managed to transcend these unfairly feminine connotations that salad-eating has taken on.","So as you reconsider iceberg's place in the fabric of our society and on your table, Rosner urges you to think even beyond the delicious wedge salad. She suggests stir-frying your lettuce, pickling it or blending it into a cold soup. And even if lettuce experimentation isn't for you, you can still try to let go of your leafy, green pretensions. Not everything has to be arugula.","Enjoy the crunch for what it is. I think even people who are sneering down their noses at iceberg lettuce love it when it's on top of a burger, when it's shredded really finely on a sandwich. There are contexts in which we know that iceberg is the perfect lettuce.","Lettuce doesn't have to be a wedge issue. Helen Rosner is a food writer for The New Yorker."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Fabric of society is actually just the way the society is made up of different personalities and choices.","questions":"Which food writer is mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Helen"}
{"text":["I wish, by this time, I had better news. Our colleagues in the U. N.  system are now reporting that at least 2. 3 million people have been uprooted. Officially, there are 1. 2 million internally displaced. And don't forget that a year ago, there were no displaced people and now Ukraine is in the top 10 countries in the world with large displaced populations. We can tell you also that the humanitarian situation is very dire. Well over 6,000 - almost 7,000 - people have been killed and almost 17,000 have been injured. There's very little water, food, medical supplies available, so life is very, very difficult. But the problem for Ukraine, of course, is it's been well over a year now that the conflict has been active, so you can imagine the strain on the system and on society's fabric.","Ukraine says that Russian humanitarian convoys are carrying weapons across the border.","We have no way to verify that but what we do observe - we have a sister border monitoring mission on the Russian side of the border and they do report when these convoys cross - what time, how many vehicles, whether they're inspected. But I can't recall one time where we've actually reported that we've seen arms or anything like that. But I do have to point out is that we're not able to enter these vehicles.","Is this frustrating work, Mr.  Bociurkiw?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is turn (4) \"Is this frustrating work, Mr. Bociurkiw?\" The literal meaning of the question is asking Mr. Bociurkiw if he finds his work frustrating, but the implied meaning is whether Mr. Bociurkiw finds his work challenging due to the difficult and complex nature of the situation in Ukraine","questions":"What is the implied meaning of turn 4?","answer":"Challenging"}
{"text":["Well, I just hope that we can make it through. I don't know. We don't know what is in store - you know, the future has for us because we've already - when they cut the shifts back, we've already lost a lot of our business from over there. Now, there's going to be nobody, and we just don't know where it's going to go from there.","And this is a family business, I understand.","Yes, it is. Yes, it's me and my sisters. My father works here. My son's a grill cook. And, you know, we're not a big chain, so we're just really wondering what's going to happen. We're trying really hard to hang in there, but it's pretty scary.","And you say that you've had this business for 15 years."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : hang in there means they are trying to keep their business functioning properly.","questions":"How are they trying to keep their business functioning properly?","answer":"Hang"}
{"text":["Oh, thanks. We're professional seguers here at NPR.","You took my breath away there.","Well, speaking of age, though, you're - you play a geezer in this picture.","Yeah, but I'm the youngest in the cast.","Really, I'm the baby."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  B implies that the character A is old or elderly.","questions":"How does PersonB describe PersonA's character in the picture?","answer":"Geezer"}
{"text":["When we lose sight of the importance of our Constitution and upholding our systems of justice, then we slide a little bit - not to sound dramatic, but we slide a little closer to anarchy. We in the criminal justice field have a moral, ethical and legal responsibility to uphold our systems of justice. And that's for the victims. I frankly don't really care about Jeffrey Epstein. But I care about our systems of justice, and these kinds of things just can't happen.","That's Cameron Lindsay. He's a former warden at three federal facilities, and he's been in top leadership posts and numerous others.","Mr.  Lindsay, thanks so much for talking to us today.","Thank you very much, ma'am."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : We do not physically slide closer to anarchy - this is a metaphor ","questions":"What is the nature of the \"slide\" referred to by A?","answer":"anarchy"}
{"text":["Believe me, I was - I just went into a state of shock. Yeah, it was one of those things. I mean, I guess some people's imaginations run towards good fortune all the time, but I'm sort of the kid who's always sort of preparing myself for the apocalypse. So when something good happens, it's more extraordinary even than normal.","Yeah, do you know who nominated you, by the way?","Oh hell no, and whoever did kept their secret because I had no clue.","Oh, you won't find that out. That's so interesting because I think you'd want to go and thank them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is often expecting bad things to happen, so when something good happens, it's more exceptional than usual.","questions":"What is the PersonA's usual mindset?","answer":"Preparing"}
{"text":["Everybody else in the theater did. I didn't.","Oh, yeah, right.","Every single person cried except for me.","Oh, yeah, because they were only slicing onions for you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker did not cry due to lack of emotional involvement, not because of onions.","questions":"What was the reason for the speaker not crying?","answer":"Involvement"}
{"text":["When I was in a refugee camp, I did everything to survive, you know. And me and my friends, we used to go and steal chickens, and we used to go and pretend to other staff, so just to make a living and I've reached here because of the horrible things I've done but I'm saying it's not great but sometimes we are forced to sin to make a living.","(Singing) We used to raid(ph) villages Steal in chickens, goats and sheeps Anything we could eat I knew it was rude But we needed food And therefore I was","Forced to sin, forced to sin To make a living Forced to sin. . .","You know, at this point in time you've seen so many things that other people haven't and you've written that into your music. Are you hopeful that your music can transform lives?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker and their friends committed crimes to fulfill their basic needs in the refugee camp","questions":"Which living condition forced the speaker and their friends to commit crimes?","answer":"Refugee"}
{"text":["Well, we've got quite a few people that have moved in with other family members. Some houses that have only been destroyed partially - some are completely to the ground. We've still got some living in hotels. We've got some that are living in tents and vehicles. We found out yesterday from our school district that quite a few schoolkids are homeless. You know, 67 percent of the property here has been damaged in some way - or more.","So people have got stress trying to do a normal life during the day and have a normal job and then end up having to deal with the insurance companies and dealing with your mortgage companies and dealing with the assistance programs that you're trying to get help from that just takes repetitive, repetitive visits with to get things done. And it's not their fault. It's just the bureaucracy that's involved in everything doing nowadays.","Yeah. So they have to make repeated visits and work for a living all at the same time.","Yes, sir. It takes a mental strain on you. In my case, we sleep on a mattress in the back part of my living room 'cause the other half of my house doesn't have electricity and has got - you know, leaks like a sieve. And that's not a normal life."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) implies that people are facing a lot of bureaucracy and paperwork, ","questions":"What is causing stress for people in dealing with insurance and assistance programs?","answer":"Repetitive"}
{"text":["Times like this, when the economies of states are in default, can states really afford this?","I really don't think they can, and in many, many states, legislatures are starting to agree with that idea and to really rethink their priorities. I mean, every dollar that you spend building and running a prison is a dollar that's not spent on a public university or healthcare or roads and bridges. At this point, Kansas, Texas and at least 11 other states are taking a very serious look at how to try out some new strategies that will curb their prison population, shrink the number of people behind bars so they can save a little money, reduce some recidivism and have money for other budget priorities.","Well, back up and tell us how we got here, because in your article you say in 1970 our prisons held fewer than 200,000 people. What happened?","A number of things happened. But primarily, it's what's called our nation's war on drugs. And I say so-called war on drugs, because, you know, we like to use that metaphor all the time on everything. But essentially a new host of sentencing practices took hold in the early '70s and spread across the country. Mandatory minimum sentences, meaning that the amount of drugs involved in a particular crime would affect the severity of the punishment. So even if you're a low-level drug mule, for example, the amount of drugs you were carrying was going to ensure that you get a very large sentence, perhaps even more than a drug king pin if that person was caught without a lot of drugs."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The states are considering new strategies to reduce prison population and save money for other budget priorities.","questions":"Which states are taking a serious look at reducing their prison population?","answer":"Kansas,Texas"}
{"text":["Well, I think we're at an interesting crossroads, because modern medicine has had to acknowledge that there are other forms of medicine because of the way people are spending their dollar. People spend more money seeing alternative practitioners than they do in seeing their primary care doctors. They make more visits to alternative care. The problem is now, that modern medicine is seeking to determine what's efficacious. It's seeking to try to squeeze everything into a biomedical model, in terms of testing and creating whatever evidence that, you know, they need to create, to write an article.","But you can't really do this with energy medicine. So I think that what's going to happen is you're having stronger associations of people that are naturopaths, chiropractors, people doing craniosacral work. So what's happening is that people are getting skills in areas that are allowing them to encroach on things that have previously been treated just by modern medicine. So when you - so people - clinics and hospitals are going to have to move more in the direction of an integrated medical facility.","Well, Dr.  Kokayi, great to talk to you.","I appreciate the time and just to share and put those ideas out there.","Dr.  Kamau Kokayi is the medical director of Kokayi Health Center for Holistic Medicine. He also hosts the New York radio show Global Medicine Review."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People are spending more on alternative medicine than primary care.","questions":"How are people spending their money?","answer":"Alternative"}
{"text":["Hi, how are you doing?","How do you do that?","Well, you know, it turns out there are lots of little corners in all the information we see. I mean, we're used to the idea that somehow everything we type in the computer is very exact. You don't type in the right password, the computer gets upset. If you don't type in the right URL, it gets upset.","But it turns out that there's lots of little wiggle room that we don't even realize is there, and that's what steganography uses. We kind of go in, and we exploit things. You can make a color just a little bit more blue, or you can make it a little bit more red. And then if you do that enough times, you can send a signal, and then the computer can piece it all together into a complex message."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the computer gets upset implies that the computer does not do what the person wants it to do","questions":"Which emotion does the computer display when the password is incorrect?","answer":"Upset"}
{"text":["The tragedy in Burma is it's just hard for us to comprehend. It is true that the current projections are that the numbers will rise significantly. I've heard numbers as high as 50,000 people being killed. So it's something that just automatically pulls at the heartstrings.","And you know, Farai, scientists have discovered that human beings are actually wired to be altruistic, so it's a part of our DNA. It's natural for us to want to give. We see a crisis, we want to give. And so I think it's really important to acknowledge that, and to really encourage people to give. It can. The giving, overwhelming giving for a major public emergency like this can have a negative impact on other parts of the world. We've seen it in the past.","For example, when the tsunami hit Asia, several years ago, where a quarter of a million people lost their lives, you saw relief and development organizations flooded with donations. OxFam UK, at a certain point, actually had to refuse donations because they no longer had the capacity to actually program funds. So what I would actually advocate for those that are really interested in making contributions, is to give responsibly. To really look at those organizations that you are interested in making a contribution to, and making your donation in flexible kinds of ways. . .","So, for general support as opposed to necessarily for one thing."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The tragedy in Burma is something that is difficult for us to fully understand emotionally.","questions":"How are human beings wired?","answer":"Innate"}
{"text":["They asked me to consider that, you know, almost without exception, these are young people in federal facilities who are separated from their families. They're in a strange place. They're dealing with stress and uncertainty every day. They fled poverty. They fled possibly violence in their home countries. And so they desperately need the semblance of a daily routine.","And analogously, if you look at studies done in hospital settings with chronically ill children, when they have access to play, they do better. They heal faster. They have lower levels of stress. And similarly, after natural disasters like Hurricane Harvey, Hurricane Katrina, there started to be interest in the therapeutic benefits of play access.","A very simple thing that Dr.  Cantor told me is that when your brain is being bombarded with stress hormones every day, you actually need to move your body even more than usual so you can get oxygen to your brain. And this oxygenation - it helps buffer potentially long-term damage.","Just in our last 30 seconds, what does the law say here?Could there be legal challenges?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Separated young people in federal facilities desperately need a daily routine.","questions":"What is the need of separated young people in federal facilities?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Right.","Of course, the financial deregulation issue, whether or not - how much financial industry should be regulated is a big issue, but also, in California, you had a whole look and a proposition that passed that was about this kind of issue, about how densely animals should be kept together. But you mentioned reproductive freedom. What is the regulation change on that?","Sure. Well, the proposed rule would sort of - it has an effect on recipients of federal money and on, particularly, state-run hospitals and other institutions of that nature, and it gives a great degree of discretion to the folks that work in those facilities. And if they have a moral objection to administering contraceptives or birth control and performing abortions, then they are sort of allowed to cite their moral objection to that and not perform that work.","An interesting development on that rule that the Washington Post reported on earlier this week is that three officials from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission have - that are actually appointed by President Bush have opposed that rule and have said that it would overturn civil rights law."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The rule would allow healthcare workers to refuse certain services based on moral beliefs","questions":"How would the proposed rule affect healthcare workers?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["Well, logistically, the thing that would take the immediate pressure off the Border Patrol stations for the children would be to get them into Office of Refugee Resettlement custody faster. ORR is the agency that's responsible for taking care of them until they can find a family member or someone else in the U. S.  to sponsor them. And that system got bottled up in 2014 under the Obama administration when you first started to have large numbers of Central American children coming.","Now you have even higher numbers. And that's been exacerbated by the administration separating the parents from the children, which they are not doing on a large scale but they're still doing on a small scale. So you're just having too many children coming into the Border Patrol stations too quickly and not enough leaving to go into the custody of ORR quickly enough. So that's an immediate bottleneck that needs to be resolved.","Well, what would happen. I mean, how could these children be moved out of there more quickly?I mean, I take it that the first thing to do would be not separate them from their parents, so you presumably have an adult who can be responsible for them. That would be thing one.","Right."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : ORR needs to process children faster to ease Border Patrol stations.","questions":"What agency is responsible for taking care of the children until they find a family member or someone else in the U.S. to sponsor them?","answer":"ORR"}
{"text":["Exactly. Well, they, you know, they have a head start in knowing at least that they're meant to be living in the nervous system, which means that there's a little bit of built-in safety and stability that may not quite exist in cells. They can become and kind cell to.","And how long are they effective for in the life of the mice they're injected into?","Well, in the mice that we've looked at, they were effective throughout the lifespan of the animal. So they were present, having their action and, you know, ultimately the animals do die. But it raises the question of, well, what about if we re-dose the animals?Would we have an even longer effect?Would we increase even the area that the stem cells were able to engraft in?Would we have a better effect?You know, that is where the investigations now need to go.","All right. Dr.  Snyder, thank you for taking time to be with is today and happy holiday to you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Further investigation needed to determine if stem cells can have longer effects","questions":"What is the question about the lifespan of stem cells in mice?","answer":"Redosing"}
{"text":["Chris Scheuerman knew that his son was having troubles coping with combat. In March of 2005 while Jason was on leave, he told his father he was scared. Chris Scheuerman told him that was natural, and before leaving him at the airport for his return to Iraq, he reminded Jason to seek help if he was feeling depressed. A month later, after putting a rifle in his mouth, Jason visited an Army chaplain. A few weeks after that, Jason was evaluated by an Army psychologist.","He told me that the psychologist had given him a standardized test and talked to him for about 10 minutes. And after that evaluation, he sent a note back to the command stating that Jason was capable of feigning his illness in order to manipulate his command. That assessment brought much hardship down on my son, and this is after this unit had seen Jason with the muzzle of his weapon in his mouth and did nothing. This is a unit in which a chaplain writes he believed my son to be possessed by demons and obsessed with suicide, and did nothing. On the day that Jason took his life, he was given an Article 15, which in the military, is a non-judicial punishment. They gave him that for being out of uniform. During those proceedings, his first sergeant told him that if he was faking his illness, then he would go to jail and become someone's butt buddy, and Jason talks to that statement in his suicide note.","What does he say?","Basically, paraphrasing it, he speaks that life is not worth living if all he has looked forward to is being in jail and being someone's butt buddy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Butt Buddy is a derogatory remark and not a term for an actual friend ","questions":"What is the derogatory term used by the first sergeant towards Jason?","answer":"Butt"}
{"text":["And now a drought in the U. K.  has a silver lining for archaeologists. Toby Driver is an aerial archaeologist for the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales. He spends his time in a small aircraft flying over the country, searching for evidence of ancient structures. And the heat has made his job a little bit easier. Here's what he sees.","You have a shimmering sort of multi-colored fields. That's why the crops aren't ripening evenly - yellows and browns and oranges coming up in the field. And from some distance out, you can see big, dark-green circles, big, dark-green squares appearing in the fields.","Those dark-green shapes hold valuable archaeological information. Ancient structures were often surrounded by trenches for protection and drainage. Even after the structures are gone, the trenches retain moisture. So in a heat wave, when the rest of the crops turn brown, the areas on top of the structures stay green.","It's a bit like an X-ray of the field is revealed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Ancient structures can be identified by the trenches around them that retain moisture.","questions":"How do the trenches around ancient structures help in identifying them during a heat wave?","answer":"Moisture"}
{"text":["Last night, Portland, playing in front of its raucus, loyal crowd missed all four of its long-range jump shots in overtime after hitting a bunch earlier in the game. Pressure?Well, pressure can tighten muscles and can wreak havoc on long-range shooting.","And I - look, I'll just say I, you know, I traveled with the Chicago Bulls a few years ago while writing a book. A lot of those guys prefer to play on the roads 'cause they said they didn't have to worry about arranging tickets for their third-grader's teacher - you know?- or driving their Land Rover through rush-hour traffic from the suburbs to get to the game. They can isolate and concentrate on the road.","Absolutely.","Look, next season the NBA's going to have to wait around for the Harrison twins - aren't they?- from the University of Kentucky?They announced they're coming back. What's going on - they want to stay in school?What'll they learn there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a particular intonation or emphasis on certain words may suggest that they are being sarcastic or insincere, even if their words appear to be genuine.","questions":"What was the PersonA's tone when using certain intonation or emphasis on certain words?","answer":"Genuine"}
{"text":["My grandparents were raised during the Great Depression and spent the rest of their lives hoarding rubber bands, bacon grease, and batteries. It used to fill me with embarrassment that they would actually rinse out Zip-Loc bags and reuse them. Poor people, I thought. Don't they know there's always more?I was raised in the disposable generation of styrofoam boxes and plastic water bottles. If something ran out, you simply got a new one.","But this year, we are re-evaluating not just how we spend our money, but also the lessons we pass on to a new generation. The other day, I made Emmeline a skirt out of a men's sport coat once sold exclusively at the Watergate Hotel. You can't buy that kind of fashion statement at Target.","On our most recent trip, Emmeline's glowery mood changed when she happened upon a shirt decorated with farm animals and said, ooh, now doesn't this look nice?I examined it and agreed, asking, what do you want to do with it?Emmeline twirled her toe on the speckled Formica floor and thought it over for a moment. A smile widened on her face, oh, I think that will make just the prettiest dress. Her latest outfit cost a dollar 50.","Mike Adamick is a stay-at-home dad living in San Francisco."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"But this year, we are re-evaluating not just how we spend our money, but also the lessons we pass on to a new generation.\"  This turn has a figurative meaning. The speaker is not literally saying that they are evaluating the lessons they pass on to a new generation in the same way that they are evaluating how they spend their money. Instead, they are using the idea of evaluating their spending habits as a metaphor for rethinking their approach to passing on values to their children.","questions":"What is the metaphor in turn 1?","answer":"Approach"}
{"text":["And what's life like day to day in Fulton now?","Well, it's kind of like Groundhog Day. Every day you get up, it's - you see debris that's been removed on the side the road one day. And you think - well, we've really accomplished something. And the next day, the debris is right back out there again. So mentally, it's affected a lot of people, including myself, seeing all that - just take a hard time to get picked up.","Where are people living and sleeping?","Well, we've got quite a few people that have moved in with other family members. Some houses that have only been destroyed partially - some are completely to the ground. We've still got some living in hotels. We've got some that are living in tents and vehicles. We found out yesterday from our school district that quite a few schoolkids are homeless. You know, 67 percent of the property here has been damaged in some way - or more."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.","questions":"Which word suggests a hidden agenda in the PersonA's statement?","answer":"agenda"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . The right forecast probably wasn't (laughter) - 'cause no one's clairvoyant, it probably wasn't that, oh, it's going to be a conservative sweep. It was probably that hey, we don't know a lot and maybe there's a 15 or 20 percent chance that somehow they can maintain their majority. So I think, you know, when I say that I think our forecast was wrong and I don't want to make excuses for it, I think the part that was wrong is the part that was too narrow in terms of the margin of error.","Yeah. I've got to tell you, Mr.  Silver, you're not giving people much of an incentive to read FiveThirtyEight seriously if you're essentially backing away from the idea that you can reach any conclusions. That's why people read you.","Sometimes the right conclusion is to say that people are too sure of themselves, right?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B: \"you're not giving people much of an incentive to read FiveThirtyEight seriously if you're essentially backing away from the idea that you can reach any conclusions.\" The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is expressing disappointment that the speaker is backing away from the idea of being able to reach any conclusions. The implied meaning is that the speaker expects FiveThirtyEight to provide clear conclusions and not leave room for uncertainty or ambiguity.","questions":"Which website's approach does PersonB expect to be without any ambiguity or uncertainty?","answer":"FiveThirtyEight"}
{"text":["As we mentioned, polls show that a strong majority of Republicans do still support the death penalty. You're one of the growing number of those, though, who have called for repealing it. And there has been a move, as we said earlier, in some red states to repeal the death penalty. What do you think accounts for that shift?Is it just about economics?","No, I don't think it's solely economics. But, again, you know, most Republicans are pro-life. And when you start looking at the abortion issue and the life issue, you start to have to ask yourself, am I being consistent when I'm looking at the death penalty?","And, you know, for the longest time, the death penalty from the criminal law standpoint was there only for society's revenge. You know, it doesn't serve the other goals of criminal law. There's no rehabilitation of anybody. There's no study that shows that it helps prevent crime. So we're really kind of in that Old Testament retribution. And I think as we move more and more away from that and then factor in the economics, there's a real reason to get rid of it.","You mentioned, though, religion in politics as well as economics. I'm curious - how do you think about the morality of this question of the death penalty?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : old testament retribution means that some of these laws are very old and outdated","questions":"Which goal of criminal law does the death penalty not serve?","answer":"Rehabilitation"}
{"text":["Confrontation between the two sides is always a risk. And there has been military confrontation between the United States and the Islamic Republic since the conception of the Islamic Republic, whether it was takeover of the American embassy, whether it was the bombing of the Marine barracks in Lebanon and, most recently, of course in terms of targeting American military personnel in Iraq. So that's the reality of the situation - that United States and Iran have always coexisted in a measure of a low-intensity conflict. However, both sides have always walked back from the brink in terms of total war, and I suspect it will be that way in this case as well.","So who blinks to get the two sides to the negotiating table, given that the rhetoric has been increasing; the violence has increased over the last month?How do they get out of this cycle?","Well, they were both heading toward the negotiations, and I think for the Iranians, a certain narrative of success was being established that could have served as a prelude to negotiations. Now comes again a series of American sanctions and Iranian responses.","Both sides at some point will get to their narrative of success. Iranians will suggest that they have withstood the American pressure and, therefore, they're prepared to talk. And the president has always been willing to talk without any conditions at any time. Then the Trump administration will also suggest that their policy of maximum pressure works. So at one point, when both sides declare victory, that's usually a prelude to the talks."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"declare victory\" is an idiom that means to claim success, even if it is not a complete victory. It does not mean to officially declare victory in a war.","questions":"Which idiom means to claim success, even if it is not a complete victory?","answer":"Declare-victory"}
{"text":["So are you surprised by these numbers?Is there anything in the report we haven't really heard before?","Unfortunately I wish I could say I was surprised. But it's pretty much an extension of what we've known going back for decades now, and that is that our path of tougher sentencing laws and higher rates of incarceration has really continued unabated. And at this point, as this report points out, we stand alone on the global stage with really no other peers in terms of our use of incarceration.","Can you break down the numbers by race?","Well, that's where the numbers are most compelling and most frightening. The one in a hundred number that got most of the attention, one in a hundred Americans are in prison or jail, obscures the underlying trends and the geographical concentration of incarceration, particularly among low-income communities of color. And once you look for young African\u2014American males, as the report points out, black men between the ages of 20 and 34, one in nine of them are in prison or jail on a given day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The numbers highlight the overrepresentation of black men between the ages of 20 and 34 in the prison or jail population.","questions":"What age group of black men are overrepresented in the prison or jail population?","answer":"20-34"}
{"text":["Well, it's tough, because right now, you want to go get out there and let people see that you have the fire and the bell, you really want this thing. But on the other hand, it's his grandmother, Alex, and his grandmother appears to be in pretty bad shape, near death. So, the notion that he is a compassionate, so I suppose that would play well, but people do want to see him. He's got to be on the media mix, so I guess he's going to have surrogates out there. Nonetheless, here's an opportunity again for John McCain to dominate the news.","I wonder if Senator McCain at this point could maybe pick up some attention by saying here's my team, here's the people I would put in the cabinet. Who's on his team?","Well, you know, it's pretty obvious, if you start right at the top, the people that have surrounded him now for some time. Here we're talking about people like Senator Joe Lieberman of Connecticut. You can imagine Lieberman over at the State Department. You can imagine Lindsey Graham, the senator from South Carolina, over at the Pentagon as secretary of defense. In that way, what you see is that Senator McCain has a number of people that you could immediately point to and say that would be his team if he were to be elected.","And how about Senator Obama in that regard?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : McCain already has a team of potential cabinet members lined up.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of turn 2?","answer":"Implication"}
{"text":["So ultimately, it ended up ruining my life in every capacity. It's affected my health, my family, my emotional and mental well-being and, ultimately, even jobs. You know, I've been offered all these amazing jobs of a lifetimes that I fought really hard to get and I beat out other candidates for. And each time the job would be offered to me, it would then be retracted because of my connection to Jeffrey Epstein.","So that's what led me to finally come forward because I had just reached a point where I was like, you know, this man was out buying second islands and second airplanes just to show off while I was struggling to feed myself and couldn't even get myself a good job because of him, you know?","Right. How did you feel when you found out about Epstein's death?","It was definitely not a good moment. And it's still not, you know?Even every single time I hear those words, there's a certain amount of anger that shoots through my blood that I can't explain."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The connection with Jeffrey Epstein caused me to lose job opportunities","questions":"Which aspect of their life was affected due to their connection with Jeffrey Epstein?","answer":"Life"}
{"text":["Last week, Purdue Pharma and the Sacklers reached a tentative deal with thousands of plaintiffs over those lawsuits and - which would've paid up, I guess, $3 billion out of their personal fortune. Why did most state attorneys general reject that deal?","Well, what they say, basically, Scott, is that Purdue Pharma and the Sacklers aren't paying enough under this deal. They think the family is worth around $13 billion. That's the Forbes family - the magazine estimate. And the vast majority of that came from pushing really aggressively to turn OxyContin into a bestselling drug. So these AGs want members of the family to cough up more of what they describe as ill-gotten gains.","I will say the family sent an email to NPR this week. They said the deal on the table will drain a lot of their personal wealth and mean them giving up Purdue Pharma, this company that they own outright.","What is it that New York's attorney general and her team say they found?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"to cough up more\" implies to remit more payment","questions":"Which verb describes what the AGs want the Sackler family to do?","answer":"Remit"}
{"text":["What are you, Lisa, most thankful for this holiday season?","I'm thankful I don't have the banks on my butt.","Does that make any sense?","It does. Do a lot of other businesses there locally that might not be affected by the baby boom - are they having a harder time?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : I'm thankful that I'm not in financial trouble.","questions":"Which word describes what PersonA is thankful for?","answer":"financial"}
{"text":["As a matter of fact, some of the Newark city council came to New York and also spoke with African-American politicians up in Albany about this guy's record. And that (unintelligible) pretty thoroughly.","Now, let me - we don't have too much time left, so I just want to ask you this. Is this a situation - you've obviously chosen to profile Mayor Booker - is this a situation where he has a political future outside of Newark?Do you se him moving in a direction where he will eventually run for some other office?","I think he absolutely means to. And I think he is one - all politicians brim with ambition, and he is no exception. I think he has chosen for himself a nearly impossible task. And if he manages to pull that off, it's a pretty solid credential.","All right. Peter Boyer, thanks so much.","Certainly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : - to say that Booker has chosen for himself a nearly impossible task implies that he has set himself a difficult challenge which will require a great deal of effort and determination to succeed.","questions":"What does the statement about Booker's task imply?","answer":"Effort"}
{"text":["This is SCIENCE FRIDAY. I'm Flora Lichtman, filling in for Ira Flatow this week. Last week, when Hurricane Sandy sent a surge of salty water into cities and towns up and down the East Coast, among the casualties were thousands of research subjects: lab mice. A building at New York University's Medical Center flooded, and thousands of mice and rats that were being used to study cancer, heart disease and all kinds of other medical disorders died.","What does this mean for the researchers who relied upon these animals?Do scientists back up mice?Here to tell us more is Gordon Fishell. He's the associate director of the NYU Neuroscience Institute at New York University here in Manhattan. Welcome to the show.","Pleasure to be here.","How was your lab affected by this?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Hurricane Sandy flooded the east coast and a building and means that mice which was use for cancer study died which was a lab located in the building which was flooded.","questions":"How were the lab animals affected by Hurricane Sandy?","answer":"a"}
{"text":["I think my career - had before this was 48, and I thought I had a pretty good game in that game. But it turns out it didn't even come close to this one.","I've read you just came from a weekend tournament where you went 11-41 in two games; from the depths to the heights.","Yeah. Yeah. I had a pretty poor shooting weekend. So coming into this game, my coaches and my teammates really wanted to get me going a little bit offensively to get my confidence up before we head into conference play.","And get your confidence up, you made, I think - what was it?More than 50 shots."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : shots implies the activities in a game and not referring to a gunshot","questions":"What was the purpose of getting PersonA going offensively in the game?","answer":"confidence"}
{"text":["Elections are indeed important, and that's why Joe Maguire - the top intelligence official in our government - has said that the greatest security threat facing our nation right now is ensuring the integrity of our elections and preventing foreign interference. For the president of the United States to ask the government of Ukraine and now the government of China to interfere in our elections by collecting dirt, opposition research on his political opponents is a violation, first, of the law but also of the very core of what our country stands for, what our democracy is built upon.","And - in half a minute we have left, what in your mind is the obligation of a professional diplomat when they are asked to do that?","When a diplomat encounters something that they believe is immoral or illegal, they need to call it out. That's why the whistleblower laws exist. There are procedures in place for people to object. And if they are not able to get further traction in that way, then they're obliged to resign.","Nancy McEldowney former U. S.  ambassador to Bulgaria and a longtime career diplomat, thanks so much for coming in to see us today.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He asked the foreign governments to collectinformation about illegal and\/or immoral things that his opponents had done.","questions":"What kind of information did the president ask the foreign governments to collect?","answer":"Immoral."}
{"text":["Then I opened the door, and there were those four officers there. They raided my apartment. They went through every single thing I had. They were going through my WhatsApp messages for hours and hours. They also brought in some other equipment that they said was used for a sweep. It was a bizarre-looking apparatus that shot out a laser. And they pointed it at my walls and at the air conditioning unit. And they said they were looking for spying equipment.","And you were taken into custody. And you were interrogated. What happened?","I was. They took me to their headquarters just a few miles away. They put, like, a ski mask over my face. Then I was finally in a room and a chair. They would periodically come in and sort of prod me and have questions for me about my contacts in Venezuela, contacts with the military, the people who work with me or also just needing the password to my computer. Also, generally, just - they gave me a very long lecture about how I was supposedly a mercenary journalist.","What do you think this was about?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The equipment did not actually sweep the floor but went over the room with a infrared detection sensor.","questions":"How did the equipment function during the raid?","answer":"Hours"}
{"text":["People on the ground are really panicking. Women, children, families have been, on a daily basis for the last four months, been in an area where there's been bombing, airstrikes, ground offensives that has really made their life impossible. More than 400,000 had to run to safety within the governorate in an area where 3 million people are living. We've had more than a hundred incidents of health clinics, schools, water distribution points, a market that received a direct strike, which was really - has tolled, so far, more than 500 deaths and a total panic where one sees entire villages and towns deserted, people running to safety.","So our biggest concern is really the protection of civilians. The basic rule of war - that residential areas, civilians should be respected and protected - it is violated at this point in the Idlib area. And that's really something that is not acceptable.","We should remind people, in fact, a direct intentional attack on civilians is a war crime, isn't it?","It is. If it's proven that it's intentional, it is."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People that are in the area of the conflict while it is happening.","questions":"What is the biggest concern in the Idlib area?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["I didn't worry about it too much, but I - you know, I love life. I love to be out there in the field with these scientists. I take the same precautions they take. If they're wearing respirator masks and goggles and latex gloves, then I wear the same - rubber boots, gowns or whatever. And I try and stay three feet or 4four feet behind them. I try not to let them hand me a giant fruit bat.","In one case, Lisa Jones-Engel did say, here, David. Pin this monkey to the ground while I take a blood sample from this other one. And I thought about that a little bit.","Did you think twice?","I said - well, I didn't think - well, I said, sure, and I held it to the ground. And then I thought, this is not exactly what I signed up for, but, you know, you need to pitch in a little bit in these circumstances."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Lisa Jones-Engel asked me to hold a monkey down while she took a blood sample from another, which was not expected of me.","questions":"How did Lisa Jones-Engel involve the person in taking a blood sample from a monkey?","answer":"Ask"}
{"text":["How dependent is El Salvador on the money that comes in from Salvadorans living in the U. S.  and who send it back home?","Remittances are one of the main economy stabilizers of this country. Almost a fifth of our GDP comes from those. So if you see, Scott, in the case of the TPS, when I say it doesn't even make sense for the United States, it's because you have - 90 percent of those that are under the TPS program have formal employment in the United States. They pay their taxes. They have bank loans in the United States to pay for their houses that they are buying. So these are exemplary immigrants, and now you're pushing them to become either illegal aliens or to come back to a country that they can't recognize anymore after two decades.","Carlos Dada of El Faro in San Salvador, thanks very much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implies that the United States' decision to end Temporary Protection Status does not make sense because of the positive impact Salvadorans have had in the US. ","questions":"Which program do 90 percent of Salvadorans under TPS have in the United States?","answer":"Formal"}
{"text":["It's out of sight. It's really high. We have actual concentrations and standards that are somewhere like four, five times lower than that. So, these are all very, very high numbers, even when they're low on the Chinese scale.","It sounds as though you could project things ahead for the beginning of the Olympics. What would you expect?","Well, it's pretty good right now. But I've just been looking at the extended forecast for winds, and the middle of next week, things are going to change quite radically, around the 3rd or the 4th. The big high-pressure system from out over the Pacific is going to kick in, and that's going to produce strong winds coming over the polluted areas to the south of Beijing, and it's going to pick up a lot of pollution. And according to these forecasts, it's going to be a pretty dirty end of next week. And unfortunately, that coincides with the Opening Ceremonies a week from today.","Ken, these are official Chinese numbers that you're working with, and you are sitting there in Rhode Island looking at these. Are the numbers trustworthy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Can you trust the accuracy of the Chinese air pollution numbers?","questions":"What is the main concern of PersonB regarding the Chinese air pollution numbers?","answer":"Accuracy"}
{"text":["Is there any recourse here whatsoever, and is there any way to see from here on out how companies are actually using this bailout money, to be very clear about where and who it's going to?","Well, if your question goes beyond executive compensation to how the money is being used, yeah, we have a special inspector general that is overseeing it. We also have the General Accounting Office doing some review. We do have a problem with the General Accounting Office; can it get bank records so we know what they're using their money for?No, we need to clarify that in the law. You know, the oversight is meant to be strong through the special inspector-general. As a practical matter, will it be?We're going to have to wait a month or two to find out.","Charles Grassley is the Republican senator from Iowa. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Companies are misusing bailout money and need to be held accountable and punished for doing so. ","questions":"What is the purpose of the special inspector general mentioned in PersonA's response?","answer":"Purpose"}
{"text":["But we can also use technology to, you know, warn providers when they're entering orders, for instance. If I'm supposed to be in Mr.  James Smith and entering a complex chemotherapy order, for instance, I'd get an alert saying, are you sure?","Because there was another, you know, Mr.  James Smith on the same ward in the hospital. Are you sure you're entering orders on the right Mr.  James Smith, you know, for instance?","Anything a patient can do to protect him or herself?","With electronic health records has come in a layer of additional transparency for the health care system where patients can access more information electronically than they could ever do before."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Are there any steps that patients can take to ensure their medical records are accurate and secure","questions":"Which layer has come in with electronic health records for the healthcare system?","answer":"Transparency"}
{"text":["You've been following temporary staffing trends for more than two decades now. What sectors are relatively insulated from layoffs?","Well, the sectors that are most resilient are the higher-skill sectors, or if you can get into industries that are involved in education or health care or government. Those are the areas where you get the most bang. We're also seeing a nice increase in the mortgage-processing area, because one of the things the government's doing is lowering the conforming rate for mortgages. And so, there's kind of a rush to refinance.","When you say higher skills, are you talking about engineering, things of that sort?","Well, even within, say, clerical admin, there's always demand for good, you know, personal assistants. There's always demand for engineers or, you know, highly skilled folks. There are sometimes fewer jobs in those areas but for good people, you can get employed.","Now, geographically, where are the hot spots for temporary work?","We're seeing the best demand really around the D. C.  area. You know, Maryland, Virginia, the District of Columbia, of course the government's kind of gearing up, and there's lots of activity to, you know, take on some of these new projects. Another good area is Texas. Texas still has some residual goodwill related to energy and utilities. Beyond that, there is most of the - most every area of the country is feeling some pinch. Some of the toughest places are California, Nevada and Florida."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The sectors are protected from having to layoff any employees.","questions":"What has been the focus of PersonA's research for over two decades?","answer":"Trends"}
{"text":["Then later on, I ended up having to deal with, really, racism from both sides, from white people, as well as from black people who claimed that I was not really black because of the music I listened to or the way that I speak or some intangible delineation that people make in terms of how you're supposed to behave based upon the color of your skin.","Well, Brian, you know, you went on to basically go about your life and kind of sublimate this incredible pressure. But at some point, it all broke for you. What happened then?","Well, what happened was - I should back up and say that at the time that I wrote \"Not a Genuine Black Man,\" the book and the play, I decided that in order for it to be real and to be true and to be what I wanted it to be, I'd have to be completely naked. And that being the case, I knew that I would have to talk about the darkest moment in my life, which was a very severe period of depression I went through in 1999.","I had - I didn't realize it at the time, but apparently I had suffered depression since childhood, from all of the, you know, strangers driving down the street yelling the N-word, not being included because I was the only black kid and being different. And I'd spent a lot of time isolating and by myself."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A decided to be vulnerable and share about his severe depression in order to be authentic in his book and play.","questions":"How did PersonA achieve authenticity in his book and play?","answer":"Vulnerable"}
{"text":["As we mentioned, polls show that a strong majority of Republicans do still support the death penalty. You're one of the growing number of those, though, who have called for repealing it. And there has been a move, as we said earlier, in some red states to repeal the death penalty. What do you think accounts for that shift?Is it just about economics?","No, I don't think it's solely economics. But, again, you know, most Republicans are pro-life. And when you start looking at the abortion issue and the life issue, you start to have to ask yourself, am I being consistent when I'm looking at the death penalty?","And, you know, for the longest time, the death penalty from the criminal law standpoint was there only for society's revenge. You know, it doesn't serve the other goals of criminal law. There's no rehabilitation of anybody. There's no study that shows that it helps prevent crime. So we're really kind of in that Old Testament retribution. And I think as we move more and more away from that and then factor in the economics, there's a real reason to get rid of it.","You mentioned, though, religion in politics as well as economics. I'm curious - how do you think about the morality of this question of the death penalty?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : red states meaning those that are primarily seen as republican dominated","questions":"Which states are primarily seen as republican dominated?","answer":"Republican"}
{"text":["Kevin Maguire's associate editor of the Daily Mirror and a long time reporter at Westminster. Thanks so much for being with us.","Pleasure, Scott.","Let's start with the Conservative line up. We hear a couple of names over here - Michael Gove and Theresa May.","Yeah, absolutely, Theresa May, the home secretary, the interior minister, is the favorite now after the shock withdrawal of Boris Johnson, the former mayor of London. He was the clear front-runner, but he pulled out after Michael Gove, the justice secretary who was his campaign manager, actually decided he wanted to run himself. And in the Conservative Party, which, of course, they're not just electing a leader, they're electing the next prime minister of the United Kingdom."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : implies that A is happy to be on the show;","questions":"What is the name of the former mayor of London who withdrew from the Conservative line up?","answer":"Boris"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Melissa Block. This week, Republican front-runner Donald Trump warned that there would be riots if Republican leaders reject him as the nominee, even if he's ahead in the delegate count. He was talking about the possibility of a contested convention. If Trump fails to get to the magic number of 1,237 delegates, things are going to get complicated - Byzantine even. And if you are an unbound or unpledged delegate - that is a delegate who can vote for whomever you want - you're probably about to get a lot of phone calls. Matt Micheli is one of those unpledged delegates. He's also chairman of the Wyoming Republican Party. And he joins us now from Casper. Welcome to the program.","Thank you, Melissa.","What does it mean to be - for you to be an unbound delegate?You're essentially a free agent, right, when you go to the convention.","That's right. We still represent the state of Wyoming and we - the results of what the Wyoming people want, I think, is what we will all try to do. But there's no law or no limits on who we can vote for at National Convention. We are free agents."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn (3) implies that being an unbound delegate gives a certain level of flexibility and freedom to vote for someone other than the candidate that the state's population has chosen. Although they will try to represent the state's desires, there is no law limiting their vote.","questions":"What type of delegate is Matt Micheli?","answer":"Wyoming"}
{"text":["From NPR News, this is Day to Day. The ethics problem at the Interior Department continues to unfold, specifically in the little-known but powerful Minerals Management Service. The Interior Department's watchdog reports that employees in that division accepted gifts, they steered government contracts to friends, and they had sexual relations with oil and gas-company representatives. Joining us now is John Dimsdale from Marketplace, and John, first, what is the Minerals Management Service?I hadn't heard of it until yesterday.","Well, it's responsible for collecting royalty revenues from companies that extract oil and other minerals from federal property. And last year, they collected 11 billion dollars from the oil and gas industry. So, it's a big source of revenue. In fact, sometimes Minerals Management is the second largest source of income for the federal government, second only to the IRS. And remember, this scandal comes just as Congress is debating whether to allow more oil drilling, especially on the Outer Continental Shelf under the ocean.","That's right. So, let's go into the details of this scandal. What did the Interior Department's inspector general find?","Well, this report makes it sound like a very dysfunctional place. It alleges cocaine and marijuana use, and even promiscuous sex between government employees and the industry that they oversee. The inspector general says the relationship between the industry and the revenue collectors is supposed to be at arm's length, but most of the oil-company people that investigators talked to said they bought meals or drinks, entertainment, for government employees."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"most of the oil-company people that investigators talked to said they bought meals or drinks, entertainment, for government employees\" - literal meaning: the oil-company people physically purchased things for the government employees, figurative meaning: the purchases were made to gain favor or influence with the government employees.","questions":"What did the oil-company people buy for the government employees?","answer":"Meals"}
{"text":["I think one of the reasons, Tony, that we're seeing so of many of these come to light has, really, nothing to do with the fact that people are being - that this is happening more often so much as it is the fact that people are just paying attention to it more. You know, you watch the news and somebody says, oh, there's a stolen car ring. Now, all of a sudden, everybody's watching for people breaking into cars. Well, people break into cars every day. But when you hear about it on the news, people start paying attention.","There have always been Ponzi schemes. This is not new. This has been going on forever. It has been happening to investors. It'll continue to go on, but we're just aware of because the Madoff scandal was so large and so visible.","You know, it's funny. I was listening to your description of the Ponzi scheme - as our time is running out - and I couldn't help but think that there must be somebody listening to your description who is saying, wow, the stimulus package, that sounds like a Ponzi scheme to me.","The government covering its own losses by printing more money back, which covers losses in which it prints more money. Hey, you know, you could make that - I'm not going to make that argument, but somebody might."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The stimulus package may be seen as a Ponzi scheme by some","questions":"What might someone think of the stimulus package according to B?","answer":"Scheme."}
{"text":["This report also looked at who could possibly pose this sort of threat, where they're based. What were the findings there?","Al-Qaeda is probably still the lead terrorist group. There are others, as we're seeing, or could be seeing, in India right now. Some of them are regional in nature, but the problem is that these terrorists all have organizationally the sophistication to get the technology to use one of these weapons. And we know that they have the desire to do it.","Now, we don't think they have the capability yet, but they have the sophistication to get it. And it terms of bio, if they recruit the right, you know, bio scientist or two, they get the technical capability.","Do the recent bombings last week in Mumbai add any weight to this report?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Al-Qaeda is the most likely terrorist group to use weapons, but there are others with organization and desire.","questions":"How would you describe the capability of the other terrorist groups mentioned?","answer":"Sophisticat"}
{"text":["My parents are living in Northern Virginia right now.","They've had a hard time too - or anxious time, I should say.","Not as anxious as I have been mainly because they're very confident that if something happens, then something better is going to happen.","What would something better be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is less confident than their parents about the future.","questions":"What is the main reason for the PersonA's anxiety?","answer":"Future"}
{"text":["Any known observed fall, anything that's of historic interest, naturally just by the news-making aspect of it, has more value to it than what it would otherwise be.","Right.","I believe it's what's called an ordinary chondrite. It's one of the more common types of meteorites. So just in and of itself, it's probably not one of the rare kinds of meteorites that's out there. But yeah, I would be hard put to put a figure. . .","Millions."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A: Any known observed fall, anything that's of historic interest, naturally just by the news-making aspect of it, has more value to it than what it would otherwise be.","questions":"Which type of meteorite does PersonA believe it is?","answer":"chondrite"}
{"text":["But sometimes people get caught up in the moment, and a lightweight reminder can actually help them rethink what they're doing or what they're saying. And so it's not supposed to be the solution that we hang our hat on for all of bullying. It's supposed to be one of many tools to try to prevent bullying from happening in the first place.","One controversial idea that I know you are thinking about is the idea of making the number of likes private. Right?","Yeah.","So when a person posts to Instagram their image, lots of people can click on a little heart that shows I love this thing. And some people get a high off of that - right?- when they - 'cause it's a big popularity contest in a way. If you make that private, doesn't that get to the heart of what Instagram is?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : lightweight doesnt mean it weighs a little but that the reminder is small or trivial; hang our hat on means to make something really important, not to use something as a hat holder","questions":"How does the speaker define \"hang our hat on\"?","answer":"Important"}
{"text":["Not solely, no. And this is something that is commonly, I think, misunderstood. The cornerstone of the healing profession and the physician is the patient relationship. But psychiatry more than any other really has an imperative to maintain the primacy of the patient relationship, so medications were extraordinarily important; they were miraculous developments, but medications alone can't do it.","Yeah. Between fever cures and induced comas and drilling holes in the skull and lobotomies, psychiatry has done some painful things to people in the name of science over the years, hasn't it?","Well, that's the point. That's why it's the untold story. In order for us to genuinely make a case for why psychiatry is a medical discipline that deserves sort of equal footing and respect as other medical specialties, we needed to fess up in terms of what the past was. And so in order to do so, we needed to tell the unvarnished history of the field and then describe why things may not have been helpful and in some cases harmful then, but why that's different now. And nobody should avoid seeking treatment if they think they need it because of uncertainty or fear.","Dr.  Jeffrey Lieberman has written, with Ogi Ogas, a new book \"Shrinks: The Untold Story Of Psychiatry. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meaning of turn (2) is different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning refers to the painful methods that psychiatry has used in the past to cure people, the implicated meaning is that psychiatry has a history of questionable and even harmful practices, which have affected people's trust in the field.","questions":"How was the history of psychiatry described in the dialogue?","answer":"History"}
{"text":["What do you expect to see in the Basilica today?","Well, most of conservative legal Washington I expect to be there and also liberals who were Scalia's friends. That includes Vice President Biden. Antonin Scalia was one of these guys who really didn't care what your politics were. If you liked him, he liked you. He was not doctrinal in his friendships. And so I expect that it'll be somewhat mixed. Sen.  Cruz is said to be coming. I talked to one of Scalia's closest friends yesterday who said that Scalia certainly know who Cruz was. He's running for president. But, Cruz said he was going because he had this connection to the Supreme Court from when he was a clerk for Chief Justice Rehnquist. And my source said, well, unfortunately, Scalia really didn't remember him from his clerkship at all.","NPR legal affairs correspondent Nina Totenberg, Nina, thank you.","Thank you, Linda."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meaning of turn (2) is different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning of the text is about who is expected to attend the Basilica, the implied meaning is that Scalia was a person who valued personal relationships more than political affiliation. The statement reflects his personality and attitude towards others.","questions":"What was Scalia's attitude towards others?","answer":"Personal"}
{"text":["The letters A-A-P-L no longer stand for the most valuable publicly-traded company in the world. The price for a share of Apple, Inc.  declined throughout the week, until Exxon reclaimed the top spot on the NASDAQ. Now, this news comes after Apple posted revenues that were lower than expected. And meanwhile, that other tech giant, Samsung, has been growing even larger. Samsung had a record-breaking report of its quarterly profits this week. Joe Nocera joins us - an op-ed columnist for the New York Times and financial expert. He joins us from Sag Harbor, New York. Joe, thanks for being with us.","Thanks for having me, Scott. And how the mighty have fallen.","Well, all right. First, let's take a measure of that. Exactly how huge was Apple last year?","Apple was by far the most valuable company in the world, far exceeding Exxon and everybody else. Its stock has tumbled not quite in half but it's basically gone from the low-700s to the mid-400s, and in the blink of an eyelash. It's really been very, very quick - the last maybe three months this has taken place.","Now, all of this, you know, being said, the reported profits this week are on the scale that a lot of companies would envy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"I don't think it's my place to say\" could imply that the speaker wants to avoid offending someone or getting involved in a situation they don't want to be part of.","questions":"Which company's stocks have been declining rapidly in the last three months?","answer":"Apple"}
{"text":["The president's reaction, they're happy with, I think. The alt-right - Lana actually - I asked her this specifically - I said, you know, what do you think about Donald Trump?And she said, let's be honest; he's not one of our guys. We've never thought that he was one of our guys.","But the more that he does not disavow the things that they believe in and either tacitly or directly supports them, the better.","Seyward Darby - her article \"The Rise Of The Valkyries\" is published in the September issue of Harper's Magazine. Thank you so much for speaking with us.","Thank you so much for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A: \"Let's be honest; he's not one of our guys.\" - The implied meaning is that the alt-right movement doesn't truly support Donald Trump, despite being happy with his reaction.","questions":"Which movement is mentioned as not truly supporting Donald Trump in turn 0?","answer":"Alt-right"}
{"text":["We had testimony submitted to us this morning in writing by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who engineered - according to the government and himself - the attacks of 9\/11. And he was questioned about the role of Salim Hamdan, and I'll just read you one paragraph from what he answered.","The question was, did Salim Hamdan ever have any role in planning, or carry out, any activities that you either directed or were involved in?, as he was the director of operations. He didn't play any role. He was not a soldier. He was a driver. His nature was primitive. He was a Bedouin one person and far from civilized. He was not fit to plan or execute. But he is fit to change truck tires, to change oil filters, wash and clean cars, and passing cargo and pickup trucks. He could tighten bolts and could select the best maintenance shop.","This is Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, saying this about Hamdan?","That's right. We also had testimony from Waleed bin Attash, and as I understand it, he was responsible, or has boasted his responsibility, for the attack on the USS Cole. And he says Salim Hamdan's activities were distinctively clear, as he was seen driving the cars going and coming every day. His responsibilities were those related to driving, such as mechanical and maintenance and repairs. He was not involved in planning any attacks against the United States."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : : The speaker is expressing frustration or disappointment about a situation, and may be looking for empathy or support from the listener.","questions":"How was the PersonA's tone when making turn 2?","answer":"Frustration"}
{"text":["So you had the U. K.  negotiating bilateral agreements with, like, Australia and Canada and India, right?And then I read you also had Germany forming its own bloc with members, countries that it had relationships with. And the U. S.  did something similar.","That's right. The origins of the British trading bloc really go back to World War I. And a lot of the considerations are of a military nature, a geostrategic nature. They were bottlenecked in some supplies, especially for the military, and that's why the British government was thinking more about how to secure its supplies. And that happened on the German side as well. Germany was preparing for war. They were gearing up for war, so they needed to make sure they had the right supplies, especially for the military.","Now, you write that if similar patterns play out today, we could see a, quote, \"reorientation of world trade around China- and U. S. -centric trade blocs. \"How likely do you think that is?","Well, it depends on the politics. The White House wants to have a more bilateral approach where the U. S.  deals with one individual country, as opposed to a group. And China now wants to create a system of its own. So that does include establishing a sphere of influence in Asia. And each of them will want to build up their own realm where they have the power in the region.","What do you think is at stake here?If this approach continues, what are your main concerns?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The US and China both want to establish their own spheres of influence in the region.","questions":"How do the US and China want to establish their own influence in the region?","answer":"Spheres"}
{"text":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Karodzic's brother made a mistake that ultimately exposed his identity.","questions":"What led to the exposure of Karodzic's identity?","answer":"Mistake"}
{"text":["Well, Pluto's official designation is a dwarf planet. And I have to tell you the people who sent this probe all the way out to Pluto are a little angry about that because when they launched it a decade ago, Pluto was still a planet.","(Laughter).","It got downgraded in the intervening years.","That seems so unfair."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is expressing sympathy for the people who sent the probe, showing that they understand why they feel so disappointed.","questions":"How is PersonB reacting to the news about Pluto's official designation?","answer":"Sympathy"}
{"text":["Beppe Grillo of the Five Star Movement - which you mentioned - and the Democratic Party have the numbers to do that. And I think if the Grillo people are not - if they are wise and responsible, I think they should do something. They got a lot of votes, now they have to do something with that. Italy doesn't have the time to wait for another year, another election. The market cannot wait. Europe does not wait.","Yeah, they're not waiting, but Mr.  Grillo, so far, has been very uncooperative.","Look, I read something that Mr.  Grillo said today, and it is that he expect Mr.  Berlusconi - therefore the right - and the Democratic Party - therefore the left - to form a sort of grand coalition government, and say - and then there will be a disaster. And there will be - and I will - and there will be another election, and I will be a winner on the rubble - he used the expression macerie, that means the rubble - of Italy.","We don't want rubbles. We are a good country of Southern Europe, and we want to be a successful country. So I think that even the deputies of Mr.  Grillo are not happy with that. They're now in parliament. They've got a job to do. I'm sure they can find 10, 15 points that they share with the Democratic Party, and form some kind of government, and start from there. I mean, to just say, I want to destroy everything, so next time I've got to have(ph) 50 percent, it's totally irresponsible."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Mr. Grillo's desire to destroy everything for personal gain is irresponsible.","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion on Mr. Grillo's intentions?","answer":"negative"}
{"text":["The bottleneck. That's this place where this column of ice fell. It tore away lines, fixed ropes that people used to get up and down there. This is a narrow passageway. So you were almost there. And how far is that from the peak of the mountain?","Quite a ways. But, of course, climbing times vary based on people's physical fitness and mental alertness at that altitude, as there's very little oxygen.","At the point where you decided to turn around, just below the bottleneck, the place that later became such a problem, how late in the day was that, and what were the weather conditions like there?","I decided to turn around at around eight o'clock in the morning. And it was - there, it was actually almost too hot. We normally (unintelligible) down suits because the temperature is around minus 20, even on a perfect day. But we were all quite warm."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The bottleneck is a dangerous area and caused problems for climbers.","questions":"What caused issues for climbers in the narrow passageway?","answer":"Bottleneck"}
{"text":["But to point out the obvious: the play chess, they don't watch it.","Who would ever in a million years have imagined that anyone would be interested in watching golf on TV?In our poll, golf is considered the most boring sport in America and yet it's incredibly successful on TV. It is indeed considered, in this poll, more boring than chess. But if you think about it, if you know anything about chess, you know that there's a rich, thick history, both of players and personalities and madness and theory that you can talk about on and on and on and on. There's nothing to talk about in golf.","Andrew Paulson speaking with us from London. Thank you very much. Good luck to you and to chess, Mr.  Paulson.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) implies that although golf is considered the most boring sport in America, it is still successful. ","questions":"How is golf viewed in the poll compared to chess?","answer":"More"}
{"text":["So alphabetically, Jeb Bush, Ben Carson, Hillary Clinton, Martin O'Malley, Bernie Sanders, who'd you like?","You know, I liked the fact that they all came. The important thing for the Urban League was that each of these five candidates accepted our invitation, came, and I think offered a serious perspective from their own point of view. They came in here. They talked about race. They talked about economics. They talked about the criminal justice system. They talked about cities. These issues don't get discussed on the main stage in many, many political debates and discussions. And so why we wanted them here, so they could talk about equality, talk about opportunity, develop those ideas in a way that will not, and - or, I should say, historically has not happened in this campaign up until this point.","Mr.  Morial, another unarmed black man was killed by an officer in Cincinnati. I wonder if you have some ideas you want to bring to our attention about how to try to repair a shattered relationship between black citizens and police.","It's an American tragedy of untold proportions, particularly as we've seen it play out in the last two years. Our ten-point justice plan recommended that body cameras and dash cameras be mandatory for all law enforcement all the way across the country. But we also believe that more must be done when it comes to police officer hiring, police officer training, and police officer accountability. The community wants to and must trust its police if they're going to be allies is in what we all want, and that is safer communities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Mr. Morial wants to know what ideas would help bridge the gap between black citizens and police officers.","questions":"What was the topic of discussion when Mr. Morial asked for ideas to repair the relationship between black citizens and police officers?","answer":"Repair"}
{"text":["Thanks so much for having me on.","Can you tell me a little bit about Nebraska's land and what it means to its residents, the farmers?","Yeah. So Nebraska is in many ways a typical Great Plains state. Because the Missouri River cuts through along the eastern edge of the state, that's where all of the population originally settled. And so you have major industrial centers in south Sioux City and in Omaha. And then you have the capital educational center of Lincoln. But when you travel west of Lincoln, there's almost no one there. The small farming communities have gotten smaller and smaller in the last 50 years. And you can drive for hours essentially seeing only flatlands that are planted to corn and to soybeans and occasionally dotted with hog barns and feedlots for cattle.","Speaking to that disappearing landscape, I'd like you to read a page from your book, page 69.","(Reading) To understand, first remember - Nebraska is a place. It sits square as an anvil in the center of our maps. And yet somehow, everyone manages to forget it exists. Maybe that's because Nebraska is also a land of ghosts, of small towns dwindling to the point where in another generation they might simply cease to exist.","Why are they disappearing?Where are they going?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The farming communities are disappearing due to factors such as depopulation, urbanization, and economic challenges.","questions":"What are some factors contributing to the disappearance of farming communities in Nebraska?","answer":"Depopulation,urbanization,economic"}
{"text":["One has to wonder why this had not surfaced before and wondered, too, if it might be connected to those controversial remarks that Sarah just referred to that he made last week with regard to abortion. That may have caused this to come to the surface in a way that in his political career heretofore - he was just elected governor in 2017 - it never did.","Ron, they're going to be 22 people at any one time on the field in the Super Bowl tomorrow. There might be more Democrats running for president than people in the Super Bowl tomorrow. In fact, you're going to announce an exploratory committee, aren't you?","(Laughter) I'm just going to go on a listening tour, Scott.","All right.","You know, Cory Booker is the latest Democrat to get in, but most of the conversation this last week was about Howard Schultz, who calls himself a longtime Democrat - lifelong Democrat - but who is talking about running as an independent."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to surface in this context means that something has been kept secret but isn't anymore","questions":"What does the term \"surface\" mean in turn 0?","answer":"Reveal"}
{"text":["And then we're going to measure not just their genotype and their environment - things like air quality, water quality, their social setting - but also all the molecular biology that might help us to understand how it is that genes and environment shape aging.","Do you have a dog, Doctor?","I have a dog. I had two dogs until last year.","Oh, I'm sorry.","Our 11-year-old Weimaraner passed away. By 11, he was pretty geriatric. I have an 11-year-old mutt. And when I take her to the dog park, people think she's a puppy. She looks like a 1-year-old. And she's still very vigorous."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Oh, I'm sorry\" implies an expression of sympathy for the loss of the doctor's Weimaraner, rather than an apology.","questions":"How did PersonB interpret PersonA's statement about the Weimaraner?","answer":"Sympathy"}
{"text":["Sarah M.  Broom grew up in a yellow house in New Orleans East, 10 minutes from the French Quarter, the youngest of 12 children. The house was bought by her mother in 1961 and grew into something more than the family's home. It became its hearth and its center. But like many places in New Orleans, the earth below it was already sinking years before Hurricane Katrina hit.","The ground was fragile. And of course, that fragility is the thing I picked up on as a child when we were playing hide-and-go-seek, when we were playing ball in the yard, you know, we came up with all of these stories about the danger of the ground. And that becomes the thing that, in a way, haunts me.","Sarah M.  Broom's debut book is called \"The Yellow House,\" and it's a memoir of a place that was hard in many ways but also indelible in the history of her family.","It was a house that I loved deeply, in fact. And I say that because I feel it's impossible to love any place, and to truly love it, to truly see it for what it is, without taking in all of its complexities and its nuances. And I also feel that way, by the way, about America, which I love deeply and am always interrogating, right?So the house created such complexity of emotion for me because it was the place my mother bought. And the house, at some point, really was in disrepair. It was falling down all around us. And even in those moments, my mother was always trying to fix it back up."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The dangers of the ground is something the person remembers and thinks about a lot.","questions":"Which memory haunts Sarah from her childhood?","answer":"Ground"}
{"text":["I am honored to be the district attorney of Brooklyn. But with respect to wrongful conviction cases, I have inherited a mess. I am currently investigating over 100 claims of wrongful convictions. Those numbers are staggering. And that's why I created the conviction review unit, and was able to convince a very prominent, well-respected law professor, Ron Sullivan, who's a law professor at Harvard Law School, to come down to Brooklyn and run my unit.","How do you go to the family of a victim of the original crime and tell them that the person or persons they thought killed their loved one didn't?","That was the hardest thing I had to do to. To sit down with the Blenner family and to let them know that the two defendants whom they believed for 29 years were responsible for the abduction, robbery and murder of their son and brother were wrongfully convicted was extremely difficult. And I pledged to them that I would do all I could to pursue the leads that we do have because we have leads to try to hold the people who killed him responsible.","How does a conviction review unit go about the business of looking at so many cases?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) B's question is a rhetorical question meant to express the difficulty and emotional burden of having to inform a victim's family that the conviction was wrongful, rather than seeking a direct answer.","questions":"How did PersonA convince Ron Sullivan to come down to Brooklyn and run the conviction review unit?","answer":"Professor"}
{"text":["The children of Jamal Khashoggi have begun receiving compensation. Khashoggi was the journalist from Saudi Arabia who vanished last year. After initial denials, Saudi authorities now acknowledge he was killed after he walked into a Saudi Consulate in Istanbul. The newspaper that once published Khashoggi's columns, The Washington Post, now reports on apparent early moves toward paying blood money to Khashoggi's relations.","Greg Miller reported this story for The Post. Good morning, sir.","Good morning.","What have the children been paid?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"What have the children been paid?\" The implied meaning is not simply asking for information about the amount of compensation the children received, but rather questioning the ethics and morality of the situation, suggesting that it is inappropriate for the children to receive compensation for their father's death.","questions":"Which implied meaning is conveyed through turn 3?","answer":"Inappropriate"}
{"text":["And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?","Well, so all of this water from upstream that's coming from northeast Oklahoma is heading downstream into Tulsa. They have these aging levees. Many of them were built in the 1940s. The Keystone Dam is releasing huge amounts of water, and that has led to thousands of people being evacuated from their homes in the Tulsa area.","And then if you go down river, as you get closer to Arkansas, some communities, like Braggs and Webbers Falls, have been totally emptied out. One mayor earlier this week told people that if they refuse to evacuate, they should write their identification on their arm.","Wow. I mean, it does sound as though it's just an overwhelmingly awful combination of floods and tornadoes and bad weather. What are people saying as you are out and about interviewing people and, I guess, just talking to your own neighbors?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The levees are old and may not be able to withstand the water, causing people to evacuate.","questions":"What led to the evacuation of thousands of people from their homes in Tulsa?","answer":"Water"}
{"text":["Unidentified Children's Choir: (Singing) They don't teach us the ABCs We play on the hard concrete All we got is life on the streets All we got is life on the streets","(Singing) Rock, you know my era B-boy seasoning, salt-n-pepa Grown and sexy, come with the extra Crushed up linen, fly like Cessna\u2026","Mr.  K'NAAN: I have so many different influences and inspirations and I feel like there's never a reason to disguise those influences. I think \"ABC's\" is just like a classic K'naan song in the sense that it gives you the conflict of, should I dance or should I think, you know.","Does suffering make for more realistic rap lyrics and provide more credibility the more you suffer?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : All they have is the way of life that takes place outside of buildings.","questions":"How do the children feel about their educational opportunities?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["The FBI does criminal investigations better than anybody. But again, at some point in time, if you've got a stovepipe there, where the two agencies aren't talking to each other, either in Washington or on the ground you've got a real problem. And there's not an excuse for it, 13, well, 12 years now after 9\/11. You know, this is - supposedly should not be rocket science but somehow it becomes that.","And to solve it, is this executive order or is this something Congress has to get involved with?","Well, this is where, you know, the interagency problem gets to be really challenging because, you know, if you look at the Constitution, every head of agency, you know, if the guy on the ground goes all the way up to his head of agency, they only report to the president. So obviously it's got to be something that the executive authority does, and he has got to delegate that authority if he is not willing to sit there and handle every crisis that comes down the pike. He has got to delegate it to somebody on the ground who can say do this thing. I don't care, you know, I don't want you talking to your agency back home. You're working for me, do it. And. . .","Gary Anderson?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : If you've got something keeping two agencies from talking to one another.  This should not be hard to understand and solve.","questions":"Which problem?","answer":"Communication"}
{"text":["Let's get back to the news organizations who weren't permitted in this briefing. Now, I gather this kind of briefing is called a gaggle. What happened?","That's right.","Were you there?What did you see?","Well, what happened is instead of the daily on-camera briefing, Sean Spicer called a gaggle so he could talk to the pool. That's the small group of reporters that go places where the entire press corps can't fit. And then they share their transcripts and their notes with everyone else in the press corps. The White House said this gaggle would have an extended pool. And turns out they invited some additional organizations, but they pointedly excluded others like CNN, The New York Times, Politico. NPR was not there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) implies that the speaker wants to know what the speaker observed,","questions":"How did Sean Spicer communicate with the pool reporters during the gaggle?","answer":"Transcripts"}
{"text":["You know, Latin America used to be the region of crisis where crises used to be the most frequent and most sinister. And this time around, Latin America is being hit from an outside shock, and the shock finds Latin America in a relatively strong position in terms of its domestic policy frameworks. So, the shock this time is very interesting for Latin America, contrast with its past where domestic financial system and domestic policies are not a source of trouble, independent source of trouble. Therefore, the shock is coming from outside, it's hitting Latin American countries that are most open and small and have greater exposure to the U. S.  markets\u2026","Now we're seeing\u2026","Latin America and Mexico. South America, by contrast is being hit with a delay. When you go to Colombia or Peru, people are aware of the bad news of the global economy, but in the local economy they do not feel the - the impact with great strength yet.","Now, we're seeing reports, for example, that say that unemployment has hit every sector in Latin America, even the bodyguards in drug-torn countries like Colombia are losing their jobs. How big an issue is unemployment?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They are implying that drugs running rampant in their country may be cause for \"unemployment.\"","questions":"Which country's bodyguards are losing their jobs due to unemployment?","answer":"Colombia"}
{"text":["(Laughter) Absolutely, it does.","All right.","So I mean, I followed up on this trip with sort of other road trips - you know, road trips hitting major cities in the U. S. , road trips hitting major sites in Europe. I've also started using it when you're walking around a city as a tourist and trying to hit all the hotspots there. And also, actually last month, I used a very similar algorithm, strangely enough, to solve the \"Where's Waldo\" children's book as well.","What do you mean you solved \"Where's Waldo?\""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Using the algorithm to find Waldo in a Where's Waldo book.","questions":"How did the speaker use the algorithm?","answer":"Find"}
{"text":["So if there is somebody out there listening, and I'm sure there are people who are over 70 or over 80, and who have thought, well, I'd like to go back and pick up that extra degree and - but I don't know if it's practical, why would you tell them that it's something that's good to do?","First thing, why would it not be practical?If it's something someone wants and something they had missed all of their lives, and they know as they're getting older that they're getting closer to the end of the line, it is something they want to do before they pass on. You know, you didn't come here to stay and you will perish. So if that's the last thing you wanted to do, then I should do it. But first, I want to remind you that you must have good health, you must have good stamina and the interest has to be there. If the interest is not there, forget about it; you're wasting your time.","And as far as health goes, what's your best advice for how to stay healthy?","First, I would like to say I have never had a headache in my life. I don't take no medications for nothing. All my vital signs are good. You have to pay attention to what you eat, not eat too much fat, watch your salt intake, watch your alcohol intake, stay away from drugs and smoking."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"I have never had a headache in my life.\" - This turn is hyperbolic and exaggerates the speaker's lack of experience with headaches. It is unlikely to be literally true for most people.","questions":"What is the PersonA's experience with headaches?","answer":"Lack"}
{"text":["And the story is conveyed through the eyes of this young woman, this farmer's wife, who discovers it, actually, in a - she's kind of in an awkward situation. She's going somewhere where she's not supposed to be, and she sees it and she's not allowed to tell anyone. But she feels it's her personal burning bush. She takes it as a warning to go back.","I wanted to write it initially through her eyes so that you, too, would not know what you are seeing. But later. . .","If SCIENCE FRIDAY didn't spoil it.","Well, yeah. But you see what I mean?Because it is about perception and how we need to be - to understand what we're seeing before we can really see it, that's really key to understanding this whole issue of climate change and why we see or don't see what's right in front of us."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Writing through the woman's perspective is done to create mystery.","questions":"What is the purpose of the narrative perspective in the story?","answer":"mystery"}
{"text":["The director of the U. S.  Census Bureau, John H.  Thompson, announced his retirement this week in the wake of a disagreement with Congress over funding for the 2020 census. The census is conducted every 10 years. The results determine how many seats in Congress and electoral votes that each state receives, and it helps guide how more than $400 billion is spent each year on education, health and infrastructure.","We're joined now by Robert Groves. He's former director of the U. S.  Census Bureau. He's now the provost of Georgetown University. Mr.  Groves, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning. Great to be with you.","Congress has approved nearly $1. 5 billion to fund the census this fiscal year, and it's supposed to be the same for next year. Is that enough?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that Congress' budget for the census may be insufficient for the project.","questions":"What does turn 3 imply about Congress' budget for the census?","answer":"Insufficient"}
{"text":["Is it important to the grassroots to have that still?","Absolutely. I mean, fiscal responsibility is still a measure of what I would call conservative values. The problem is we just don't seem to see the Congress expressing those values any longer. The CBO and the GAO have both said that this kind of spending cannot be sustained. And what can't continue won't continue. So it's irresponsible for us not to deal with the spending issue.","Mark Meckler is the president of Citizens for Self-Governance. Thank you so very much.","Thanks for having me, Lulu. I appreciate it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : grassroots is a movement made by a district and still implies that it holds the feature in order to hold the government's attention. ","questions":"What is the feature that the still holds?","answer":"Attention"}
{"text":["Is Joaquin Guzman, El Chapo, any less of a folk hero to some Mexicans now that he's been recaptured?","That was also a discussion, if Sean Penn's piece was portraying him as a hero. And I don't think that in Mexico we consider El Chapo a hero, not as Pablo Escobar was considered a hero in Colombia back in the '80s. People know that El Chapo is not a hero. People know that he's a criminal, that he has committed murders, that he was one of the most wanted men in the world. So I don't think that people consider him a hero. He's just a character that people are wondering about and are very curious about.","Has the Mexican government tried to spin this story, as we might say?","Yeah, the Mexican government, I think that has been very intelligent in sharing some information with some newspapers, with some TVs, giving a little bit, giving cookies to different media to portray different stories about El Chapo. And I think that what they're trying to do is to actually stop the Mexican people believing that El Chapo is a hero. And they're attacking him where it hurts most to a Mexican man - machismo. So they're actually portraying a drug lord who wasn't able to perform sexually. So they're giving all these details now about El Chapo having surgery to perform better as a lover. But I think that's actually quite a shaming and quite embarrassing for a man in Mexico."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  In turn (4), \"they're attacking him where it hurts most to a Mexican man - machismo\" implies that the Mexican government is trying to discredit El Chapo by bringing up stories of his allegedly poor sexual performance.","questions":"What aspect of El Chapo's persona is the Mexican government attempting to undermine?","answer":"Machismo"}
{"text":["So, you're skeptical about a car czar. You think that there should be loans, though, with strict provisions attached to them.","Right, right.","What else?What else needs to be done?I mean, this is a massive, massive problem, and two of the three are facing extinction at this point.","Don't forget, what's putting them in this condition is the economic, you know, the economic condition of the nation right now. But the kind of fixed-cost structure that these auto companies have is massive, massive losses that have to do with what's happening to demand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The car czar should not be the only answer to the auto industry's problems; loans should be offered, but with strict conditions.","questions":"Which answer does PersonA give when PersonB asks what needs to be done in addition to offering loans with strict provisions?","answer":"Loans"}
{"text":["I've got to ask you a high hard one, as they call it in baseball, Monsignor. Can you understand if a number of faithful Catholics stand up during Mass tomorrow and tell their priest, look; I'm sorry, father, but what moral authority do you or does the church have to tell me anything when it's hurt so many people who loved it and concealed those crimes for decades?","You know, I certainly understand it. That was what Cardinal Cupich said, actually. He said that if the church doesn't get this right, its moral authority is shot. And so why we're having a global summit on an issue that the church says this is in the front burner and we - they don't do global summits on anything. So the church is trying to say, yeah, this is important, and if we don't get this right, it's over.","Are you concerned the church is going to lose its moral authority over this issue or has already lost its moral authority?","Well, I'm sure it has. It has with many people. There's no question about it. And right - and I think the church has a responsibility, say, to clean up its own act before it tells other people how to act. I totally agree with that.","Monsignor Stephen Rossetti of the Catholic University of America, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The church should clean up its own act before telling others what to do.","questions":"What is the responsibility of the church before telling others what to do?","answer":"Clean"}
{"text":["That's it. It's a very interesting technology. It shoots this - 125,000 laser pulses a second down at the rainforest canopy. Now - and then it measures the reflections. Now, 99 percent of what's reflected comes off leaves. But here and there, there are tiny gaps in the canopy where a laser beam can reach the ground, bounce off and go back up to the plane. And then with massive software processing, they're able to remove all the reflections from leaves, leaving only the ground.","And it's just incredible to see these scientists at work. I mean, you see this impenetrable rainforest canopy. And then with a press of a button, it disappears and you see everything on the ground. It's absolutely amazing.","Well, it's a little more complicated than that. They have to then process the signals that they receive back from the ground. As you say, most of them come back from leaves. And I think, what, they handed you the disc and you flew it out and gave it to the computer guy.","Well, that's right. And in fact, it is very complicated. The LIDAR machine has inside it a highly classified thing called an IMU, an Inertial Measurement Unit that was developed for the military for use in guided missiles. And in order to get an export permit for the plane, the State Department required that the plane be guarded by armed soldiers at all times when it was on the ground because this is a very highly classified piece of equipment. Because it's important to locate the plane in the air in three dimensions as it's flying to within an accuracy of about a centimeter. I mean, that's incredible."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The LIDAR machine is a highly classified technology.","questions":"What is the technology called?","answer":"LIDAR"}
{"text":["Now to address this, there are a number of policy proposals on the table. They're called push and pull incentives, which can entice these companies to stay in the antibiotic business. A push incentive might be something where you go to a company that's making billions of dollars and say we'll cut your corporate tax rate if you promise to invest some of those profits into new antibiotics. This is a sure-fire way to get more money into the pipeline. However, many people recoil at the idea of giving a tax break to a multi-billion dollar company.","We started our conversation talking about the patient you referred to as Jackson - a gunshot wound, you had some difficult choices to make with him in terms of treatment. How did it work out for him?","Well, without giving away too much, he does - his story does have a happy ending. But it does not involve antibiotics. And I think that his case is emblematic of the fact that we're increasingly shifting away from the typical model of using antibiotics to treat infections. And there is an array of new treatment options that are coming out - things like bacteriophages and CRISPR-based gene-editing techniques, where we can use a molecular scalpel to modify a strand of nucleic acids to create a new treatment that will cure patients.","But what I want readers to appreciate is how difficult it will be to bring those discoveries into your local hospital based on the current financial model. In many cases, it simply will never happen because the challenges of getting a drug approved by the FDA are so formidable that companies just don't want to go there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Giving a tax break to a multi-billion dollar company is controversial","questions":"What is one proposed incentive to entice companies to stay in the antibiotic business?","answer":"Push"}
{"text":["And she - my wife went and found the chaplain at Northwestern - a Lutheran chaplain who'd never performed a wedding before. She came to our room and performed the ceremony, just the three of us. It was a lovely, personal, intimate ceremony. And immediately after the ceremony, I took some pain medication and peed in a cup.","Well, that's one way to say l'chaim, isn't it?I made a short list: addiction abuse, adultery, abandonment, imminent incest and just plain old hatred. So is every family is a little bit like the Westons of Osage County?","What we have seen by doing this play is that the story of this family is pretty universal. And the dinner scene alone, in the theater - I can tell you that some people are howling with laughter, and other people are in tears and crawling under their seats. They find it very upsetting to watch because it hits pretty close to home.","\"Fiddler on the Roof\" with the F word?","That's one way to look at it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B: \"\"Fiddler on the Roof\" with the F word?\"","questions":"Which musical did PersonB mention while discussing the use of profanity in the play?","answer":"Fiddler"}
{"text":["Chop, chop into smallish pieces.","OK.","Then you soften eight ounces of cream cheese, and you blend that with two-thirds of a cup of sour cream, get it all nice and smooth and then you spread that over the minced onion.","And you have the ambulance on speed dial, but yeah. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implied meaning is to cut the onion into very small pieces.","questions":"What should you do to the onion?","answer":"cut"}
{"text":["Right.",". . . And the British Parliament. And British lawmakers are threatening to block it, which, again, means that we're in, you know, a gray zone of not knowing exactly what happens next. The European Parliament is likely to approve it because, again, all of their heads of state will have approved it tomorrow. So I mean, there are still huge, huge. . .","Yeah.",". . . Problems and difficulties ahead for Prime Minister Theresa May."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This statement implies that while the British parliament are having approving a decision, the European parliament are good to go with the approval.","questions":"What is the likelihood of the European Parliament approving the decision?","answer":"Likely"}
{"text":["Tomorrow, car sales numbers for November are due out, and they're not expected to be good. That could lead to more dealerships shutting down, and that could mean a big loss of revenue for local governments. For example, this year, the state of California has lost at least two billion dollars in sales taxes due to the drop in car sales.","To get a better sense of how local governments are coping, we're joined now by Marshall Bond. He is the city manager for Monroeville, Pennsylvania. Thanks for joining us, and why don't you tell us how many car dealerships are in Monroeville?","Just about every major domestic and foreign manufacturer sells cars here in Monroeville.","And so, how much of your budget comes from the revenue from car sales at these dealerships?","We have a business tax which obviously is, I'd say, probably of that - I'd say total tax is probably about 15 to 20 percent is based upon our related car industry."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The car sales numbers for November are expected to be bad and it may lead to dealership shutdowns, causing a big loss of revenue for local governments.","questions":"Which month's car sales numbers are expected to be poor?","answer":"November"}
{"text":["There's a couple of things they have to deliver. I'll give you an example. In Jarabulus, 22,000 refugees are there, and the town is dealing with them. There is no international aid there. And so it is up to the townspeople to care for 22,000 people who have descended on this small farming town. They have to take the money out of their own pockets, buy the tents, bring them bread, make sure they're OK. So there is an international aid component to this. There, of course, is also an arms part to this.","But let me tell you, there were two events over the last couple of days that really mean that the rebels don't need international arms. They took two major bases around Aleppo. And as one commander said, I have never seen so much booty. And these were heavy weapons that were taken from the Syrian army.","You know, analysts in the past couple of days have stopped calling this a stalemate. And they are beginning to recognize that the rebels have made significant gains on the battlefield. And the weapons that they took in these two places will make a major difference in the way that they're able to fight. And it also shows that they are more organized than they've been in the way that they are fighting the regime.","We've also - obviously the opposition forces inside Syria have no air force whatsoever. They have been trying to attack Syrian air bases on the ground to limit Syria's air capabilities that way. Is that beginning to have an effect?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Rebels have gained access to heavy weapons through their victories, and they may not need international arms.","questions":"What did the rebels gain through their recent victories?","answer":"Weapons."}
{"text":["Reptilian, exactly, and now we know that many species of dinosaurs had feathers or simple filaments that seem to be feather precursors in some cases.","Do your findings come from the relatively recent discovery that some dinosaurs had feathers?Is this sort of, like, the next step?","We are sort of taking the next. In the last 10 years, we've discovered that we can gain insight into the colors of dinosaurs and how they may have used visual signals in important contexts. And so what we wanted to ask is, can we gain insight into the vocal communication that extinct dinosaurs might have had?","Well, so what's next for you in your research?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  is actually asking if A's findings are related to the discovery that some dinosaurs had feathers, rather than just asking for a literal explanation of the findings.","questions":"How did PersonB ask about the relation between PersonA's findings and the discovery of feathers in some dinosaurs?","answer":"relation"}
{"text":["That's right. That's the difference between income tax and the payroll tax, exactly that.","Exactly, exactly.","Ron Elving, NPR senior Washington Editor, always laying it out for us. He joined me here in Studio 3A. Ron, thank you so much.","Thank you, Celeste."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : laying it out implies that it was explained to others","questions":"What did Ron Elving do in Studio 3A?","answer":"Joined"}
{"text":["Well, no. There is no sign of that yet. They cannot do everything the Trump administration wants because, as we've discussed before, we are asking for structural changes that are at the core of the Chinese Communist Party's governance of China. So they - no, they cannot do that.","And they're entering, remember, a very sensitive political season. You've got the 30th anniversary of the Tiananmen Massacre coming up. They need to look strong. Xi Jinping puts himself forward as sort of the all-knowing, all-powerful leader of China. And he has to seem that it - to be defending the interest of the Chinese people.","So what are the risks to the United States, if continuing to raise tariffs, if it doesn't push China to make a deal?","Well, all of these tariffs cost the American people. President Trump repeatedly says that China is simply transferring money to American coffers. But there are numerous academic studies which indicate that these costs are being borne by the American importers and increasingly by American consumers.","And China is going to be very careful when it retaliates to target consumers in sectors in the United States that are supportive of President Trump. They've already done this in targeting soybeans. They're very deft politically, and that's what they'll continue to do. So they are going to make him politically pay a price. And American consumers will pay as well."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Xi Jinping needs to appear strong and defend the interest of the Chinese people during the sensitive political season","questions":"What is Xi Jinping's main concern during the sensitive political season?","answer":"Defend"}
{"text":["So as an AP world history teacher, I know that, with the way that the exam has been, students have had the opportunity to really dive into content in their deep past - right?- and look at things all around the world and draw comparisons through them. And with this change, those things will no longer be assessed. And we're really just cutting down history to about less than 600 years.","Doesn't a good teacher like yourself already have to leave out a lot if you're dealing with 10,000 years of history?","Yeah. I mean, teaching history is a lot about making choices based on what you're teaching and what lens you're teaching it through. But I think what College Board will need to focus on is to really train teachers in how to teach students how to ask big questions and how to, you know, organize the material and thematically so that we can understand the context of the world that we live in today because it's complicated. And it includes all people. And we can't just look at it from what's happened in the last 600 years.","What about schools that might say, look - we can offer courses in history that is essentially pre-Columbian?Let's say year 0 to 1450 - and offer the AP course from 1450 to current day."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : you imply that something is the case","questions":"What is the subject that the College Board needs to focus on training teachers?","answer":"Teachers"}
{"text":["I will say that it has been the economic situation. Although, it looks good on paper, and it looks good theoretically. But the poverty is very high. We have seen that he has been closing all the public spaces and shut down any kind of politics. He has been arrested over than 80,000 Egyptians since 2013 to now. Dozens, hundreds of mass death sentence have been issued by his courts. Dozens have been executed every year. So there is unprecedented crackdown and unprecedented repressions that not even existed during the Mubarak era, which some people could say that Mubarak's era was a liberal era for Egypt if it's compared to what we have - we are living under now. Egypt is very fragile and far away from being stable.","We're hearing the call to prayer, of course, behind you. Did I hear you say that you might look back on the Mubarak era as a liberal, enlightened, progressive era for Egypt?","I would say that the significant differences between Mubarak and Sissi - Mubarak was a dictator. Let's agree on this. But there is a level of repression that actually will not cripple the state to function. And that was the situation under Mubarak. So the level of repression right now under Sissi really cripples the state of functioning.","Mr.  Zaree, does - near as you can tell, does President Sissi still have the support of the military who helped him gain power?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The level of repression makes it hard for the country to function on all levels.","questions":"Which aspect of the country's situation is affected by the level of repression?","answer":"Functioning"}
{"text":["When she decided it was not in the national interest to grant security clearances for these 25 individuals, her supervisor overruled her and never provided any rationale for his decisions. In the past, when she was overruled on rare occasion, they would - supervisor would point out the mitigating circumstances and would work with her to assess the risk. Her former supervisor Carl Kline wouldn't speak to her, in fact would direct her not to get involved in these disputed security adjudications.","There has been reporting that President Trump got personally involved in order to grant security clearances for his son-in-law and others. Do you have any awareness of that?","My client would have no direct awareness of that. It was at a much higher level than she was operating at.","What led your client Tricia Newbold to conclude that the problems she was seeing in her office could not be addressed within the executive branch that she works for but instead needed to be addressed by Congress?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"What led your client Tricia Newbold to conclude that the problems she was seeing in her office could not be addressed within the executive branch that she works for but instead needed to be addressed by Congress?\"  The phrase \"addressed by Congress\" is figurative, as it means that the issues raised by Tricia Newbold needed to be dealt with by the legislative branch of government, rather than just the executive branch where she worked.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of \"addressed by Congress\" in the statement?","answer":"Legislative"}
{"text":["So how did this come to your attention?","It was actually something that I feel like I had noticed being in sort of tourist-heavy destinations myself. It turns out that this is actually a phenomenon that's happening around the world. Barcelona, Paris, Tokyo are receiving floods of visitors that, in many cases, they just can't handle. So the number of international arrivals around the world - so the number of people going to a country that they're, you know, not a citizen or a resident of - has gone from 70 million in 1960 to 1. 4 billion today. So just really astonishingly explosive growth.","So you've talked about the root cause of this. And one is just that there are more people who are able to travel - right?- a larger middle class. But you also talk about business trends that have contributed to overtourism, especially new media. What can you tell us?","So there are sites like Airbnb and VRBO, which have increased what we might think of as the carrying capacity of certain cities. They've decreased the cost of staying in them, and they've allowed residents of those cities or property owners to rent rooms out, where all of a sudden it's just a lot easier to get a room; many more tourists can stay there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The number of international arrivals has increased rapidly in popular tourist destinations.","questions":"How has tourism changed in popular destinations?","answer":"Increase"}
{"text":["It's a delight to be back with you, Scott.","Now, is this just another drip in the FIFA scandal or does this suggest that the Justice Department is any closer to sorting all of this out?","Well, the noose is tightening. Similar scenes in Brazil have gone on in Germany. It's kind of like the end of the \"Godfather\" movies where the dominoes are all falling, one by one. Sepp Blatter, the farcical little man who's run FIFA for the past couple of decades - FIFA, the nonprofit of a billion-and-a-half cash reserve. It's a wonderful - they're my favorite kind of nonprofit.","It's the kind of nonprofit NPR should be, but go ahead, yes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of turn (3) is different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning suggests that there are similar scenes in Brazil and Germany as in the FIFA scandal, the implied meaning is that there are investigations and consequences in those countries related to corruption in football","questions":"What is the actual meaning of turn 3?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["Yes, they are in re-settlement areas. For example, in Mozambique you have 258,000 people, 90,000 of whom have been displaced over the past month or so. In Malawi you already have 700 cholera cases that have been reported. You have about 152,000 people who have been affected. So they are moving away from their home areas into re-settlement camps.","Let's move to Kenya in the east of Africa. The talks between President Kibaki and opposition leader Raila Odinga continue today outside of Nairobi and the negotiations are being mediated by former U. N.  Secretary General Kofi Annan. Since the post-election violence began in late December, more than 1,000 people have been killed and hundreds of thousands have been displaced. There are also reports of a wave of sexual violence against women who've been displaced by this turmoil. So Cassandra, what's going on here?","Since the violence after the disputed elections on December 27th, we're seeing that this situation has put women and girls at great risk of sexual assault. We know that always in situations of conflict women and girls are in danger. And in Kenya it is no different. We are hearing reports from Nairobi, from the Nairobi general hospital, that there may be as many as double the number of cases of rape within the days following the eruption of the violence.","And what we know is that for every case that is being treated or is being reported, there are many more victims who fail to seek help."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Women and girls in Kenya are at high risk of sexual assault due to the conflict.","questions":"How are women and girls in Kenya affected by the conflict?","answer":"Sexual-assault"}
{"text":["The government sets the interest rates and so the banks can make a lot money. And if you're a Chinese person, you can't really get much of your capital out of the country. So where else are you going to put it?","One of the problems with the banks is that they tend to invest in state-owned enterprises. It's kind of part of their job, and it's less risky. But most of the jobs in China are really produced by private enterprise, as they are here in the United States. And it's much harder for them to get capital. So people are, in many ways, feelings that the economy is out of whack in a number ways and that there need to be some serious changes. The government knows this, but there are now very strong vested interests in state-owned enterprises and the banks. And so getting that done is not going to be easy politically.","And even some of those big industries who are in the, I guess, the equivalent of a China's Pittsburgh, the Steel City, and a couple of vast enterprises there, well, they've gone under.","The over-capacity in the steel is extraordinary, and the debt now is over $400 billion. It's actually owned by steel companies largely to Chinese banks. And it's going to take years to work through that over-capacity."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Chinese steel industry's overcapacity and debt are significant problems","questions":"How much is the debt in Chinese steel industry?","answer":"$400"}
{"text":["What in this agreement makes it better in your perspective?Because you did say that there was something in it that was, so tell me one thing.","There are. The labor chapter itself is better. However, if you can't enforce the labor chapter, it is meaningless. And so we're trying to get the enforcement on three different levels that I outlined earlier.","So what's your message to Democrats here?I mean, the issue is, so far, the administration has been trying to work with the Democrats. I mean, the trade chief, for example, the U. S.  trade representative, Robert Lighthizer, has been working with Democrats to hear their concerns about it. I mean, and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has appointed nine House Democrats to committees to negotiate these sort of - these changes.","But there is this some sense that, you know, the administration - others in the administration would like to fast-track it. There is a mechanism for doing that. I mean, do you have a specific message to Democrats?Because, as you know, with such a large - particularly with such a large presidential field, you've got all kinds of different opinions about international trade in that group. Do you know what I mean?So do you have a specific message to them about how to - you would like to see them proceed?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The labor chapter is better but useless without proper enforcement on three different levels.","questions":"What is the one thing that is meaningless without proper enforcement on three different levels?","answer":"Labor"}
{"text":["Now what we didn't hear was a huge thunderous applause that you got from the crowd. Would you run for office again?And if so, what office?","I do - I would like to run for office. I really believe very firmly in public service. I enjoyed my years as lieutenant governor. And, you know, as a small-government Republican, really began to appreciate beyond the rhetoric of just saying, you know, I want a smaller government, but really focusing on how you make government work for people and how you make it efficient - more efficient partner in our daily lives.","And so I walked away from the office with a great appreciation for the value of public service and the importance that you can play in helping small businesses, in getting healthcare where it needs to be, and in dealing with problems of crime and the things that lead up to people to do things that create problems in their community, recidivism, and drug addiction, and things like that. So yeah, I'd like to get back to it. I'd like to run for governor of Maryland one day. And we'll see if that ever happens. But yeah, it's on the table. I don't know if it's in the cards yet, but it's at least on the table.","So you're chair of GOPAC, and it aims to elect more Republicans into office. So what are you working on specifically this time around?Are there any races or any strategies you're working on?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"thunderous applause\" implies loud, enthusiastic applause from many in the audience","questions":"What kind of applause did the crowd give?","answer":"thunderous"}
{"text":["So the Mafia survives off what it's always survived off of, which is essentially protection rackets, right?But where are they at this particular moment?I think many of us think of the Mafia as being a sort of pale shadow of what it once was, both in the U. S.  and Italy.","I think that's true, but that is a great symptom of both the huge step change that there's been since particularly the early 1990s in the law enforcement response to organized crime in Italy. And another great indicator of that is this trans-Atlantic cooperation between the authorities. They've now worked together for a generation because they understand the importance of this old bridge. It's no coincidence that FBI headquarters has in it a bust of Giovanni Falcone, the great hero and martyr of the struggle against the Mafia in Italy. He was blown up, along, with his wife and his armed escort by a Mafia bomb in 1992 because Falcone was who pioneered this trans-Atlantic cooperation in the fight against the Mafia. He got it.","Do you consider these raids are a major blow to the attempts to sort of reanimate these links?","I think this is an ongoing process. It clearly shows that the authorities are watching it very, very carefully. They understand it and know it. And that - from that point of view, it's reassuring. But it's always difficult to tell, when an operation is as fresh as this one is, just how damaging it will prove to be."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being a pale shadow means that it is not as strong as it once was.","questions":"Which word describes the current state of the Mafia?","answer":"Weaker"}
{"text":["Yes. We got involved and that's 25 years ago. And it took us about 25 years to get it done. We met monthly. And - well, actually, we met like biweekly and just phonetically translate it - every word in the New Testament to Gullah.","Can you read something for us, a short passage?","Well, why don't I read just the first few verses of the Lord's Prayer that most people are familiar with?","That would be wonderful."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Well, why don't I read just the first few verses of the Lord's Prayer that most people are familiar with? (Actual meaning: A suggests reading a portion of the Lord's Prayer that is well-known to most people.)","questions":"What portion of the Bible does PersonA suggest reading?","answer":"Lord's"}
{"text":["I think his great forte is understanding the problems that we face. He's had great experiences. You know, he was raised - a good part of his youth was in France. He speaks French fluently and understands Europeans quite well, and his being the Allied commander in Europe was absolutely a perfect fit. And he can expand that in giving advice in problems, literally, all over the world.","I read that James Jones went to Georgetown University, where he played basketball. Do you have any sensed of maybe whether he and President-elect Obama might discuss security issues over a game of hoops?","I wouldn't doubt it. President-elect Obama would also find he's a competitor. That ought to be an interesting basketball game.","Congressman Ike Skelton of Missouri. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person mentioned has a talent for comprehending problems and advising on them worldwide, due to his experiences and background, not necessarily related to France.","questions":"Which aspect of the person's background contributes to their ability to advise on problems worldwide?","answer":"Experiences"}
{"text":["Why the need for this guide?","We know that people are going to be asking themselves is the gift that I'm giving or asking for going to be secure and private?And as you said, most holiday shopping guides are focused on price and performance, and this guide is focused on privacy and security.","It's not just smart speakers, is it?It's a lot of devices that we've quite willingly and comfortably made part of our everyday lives.","That's absolutely right. And we're particularly looking at the area of connected-to gifts because more and more consumer products are connected to the Internet. So one interesting space that we've looked at is this new emerging toy category of drones. I have an 11-year-old who's pretty excited about drones, and it turns out that many of them connect to insecure wireless and therefore can be taken over, both the information they collect but also the device itself. So we think that consumers would want to know information like that when they're considering a drone gift."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : smart speakers implies the electronic devices are incorporated or equipped with computer or digital technology","questions":"What kind of devices are being discussed as a part of our everyday lives in the dialogue?","answer":"Devices"}
{"text":["That's so well-said. That's been a really big part of this. You know, we offer so much to our students. And we're members of our community. And we're not asking for the moon. We really just want to feel like we're also taken care of so that we can continue to take care of other people. And in order to really provide the service that we're providing, we need some basic security and some basic rights.","That's Markella Los. She's a yoga instructor for YogaWorks in New York City, and she's part of the push to unionize yoga instructors there. Markella, thank you.","Thank you so much.","We reached out to YogaWorks for a comment, but the company has yet to respond."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are not asking for a lot of really expensive items.","questions":"What kind of rights do the yoga instructors need?","answer":"Basic"}
{"text":["We should note that USA Today, which when it was founded in 1982, said it would never endorse a candidate for president - didn't want to go to that kind of - didn't want to participate in that kind of politics - has not endorsed a candidate but has said, in some departure from their usual policy, Donald Trump is unfit to be president, so don't vote for him.","What's an editorial worth in this age of social media?","You know, we know that people don't read newspaper editorials by and large. And if they ever read one, it's usually something like this in the presidential season. But we know that people read about them and hear about them.","And that's where, in the age of social media, they may actually matter more because people are going to be talking about this wipeout, this refusal of people who, remember, historically, have almost always gone with Republicans, to go with Donald Trump.","OK, now Miss Universe. Did Hillary Clinton set a trap for Donald Trump, which he sprang on himself?","You know, this story could have gone away in 24 hours or 48 hours. It could have had some impact on Monday night and perhaps, then, just gone away. We've heard an awful lot of high impact stories come and go already in this campaign."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) And that's where, in the age of social media, they may actually matter more because people are talking about this wipeout","questions":"What are people talking about in the age of social media?","answer":"Wipeout"}
{"text":["Because they need to. They need to become the number two search-engine in the world. Google is number one. Microsoft's MSN's portal is a lame duck in the number three position. This would give them a better search-engine opportunity, which would increase the amount of online advertising dollars, which is where everyone is going and why this would make a lot of sense to do.","So are they going to take the offer, you think?","You know, I hope so. It would be nice to see. You know, I would like to see Yahoo stay independent, but I don't know. I mean, they're talking about a thousand layoffs, Farai. So if it can stop people from losing their job, I'm all for it.","All right. Well, Mario, thanks a lot."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker in turn (1) is not just explaining the reason why Microsoft needs to become the number two search-engine in the world, but also implying that acquiring Yahoo is the best way for them to achieve that goal. The speaker suggests that Microsoft's MSN's portal is not doing well in the number three position and acquiring Yahoo would give them a better search-engine opportunity, which would increase online advertising dollars. The speaker believes this acquisition would make a lot of sense to do.","questions":"Which position is Microsoft's MSN's portal currently in?","answer":"Three"}
{"text":["You're right. I mean, by the time \"Star Trek\" came along I haven't - I'd met the love of my life, lost him, I had divorced my children's father; my boys were about 9 and 10. And I was just shot out of a cannon into the most extraordinary work I've ever done in my life or will ever be asked to do because nothing could more challenging, more arduous or rewarding than that part on that series.","Than being Captain Janeway.","That's correct.","I want to go back to your daughter, and you had her decades ago. It was clearly a different time. Do you ever think about how your life would be different if you had made a different decision?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : 2) acknowledges the character that the speaker played on the series, Captain Janeway. Turn (3) simply confirms that the previous statement is correct. Turn (4) asks a straightforward question about the speaker's past and whether she thinks about how her life would be different if she had made different choices.","questions":"What character did the speaker acknowledge playing on the series?","answer":"Captain-Janeway"}
{"text":["Still, you'll remember that more than two dozen Russians have already been indicted this year for conspiring to interfere in the 2016 elections. And the message this week is that they are at it again, or maybe they never stopped.","We should remind ourselves - this is so serious. This has to do with the ability of citizens to cast vote, which is the lowest and most important lever of democracy. What's the reaction been like so far in the Capitol?","You know, President Trump has kind of brushed off these new charges. He says there's nothing here to do with his campaign. And he says if there are hackers out there, they probably liked his opponent in 2016, Hillary Clinton, better than him. He was also critical, yesterday, of former President Obama, Trump said, for not doing more in 2016 to deter these attacks back then. Of course, the Obama administration tried to issue a warning, but they say that idea was shot down by Republican Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell at the time.","As for other reactions from the Capitol, Senator Mark Warner, Democrat - the senior Democrat on the Senate Intelligence Committee - says it's time for Congress to get involved here. He says that social media companies need to commit to work with lawmakers to update laws and better protect against this kind of foreign election interference."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Russian interference in the 2016 election is ongoing or never stopped.","questions":"How many Russians were indicted this year for conspiring to interfere in the 2016 elections?","answer":"Morethantwodozen"}
{"text":["Well, I got to, or. . .","Or I'm doomed. I do think it is a good time for independent artists, period. And I feel like soul music in this country really has told the story of black Americans in this country, and right now the field is kind of narrow. So, from city to city, you go and you listen to the radio, and you try to find soul music on the radio, you're either listening to hip-hop, or you're listening to oldies and dusties and R&B.","So, there's a whole big huge chasm which some of us live in part of the time at least, where where's this music?Where is the new soul music?Where are the people that are writing the classics that are going to be around in 20 years, and 30 years, and 40 years?","Well, in addition to your own songs, you have sung other folks' work. And in 2004, you sang on a tribute album for Luther Vandross. Here's a little bit of \"Forever, For Always, For Love. \""],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Soul music by independent artists is scarce and difficult to find on the radio.","questions":"How would you describe the availability of soul music by independent artists on the radio?","answer":"Scarce"}
{"text":["Well, let's talk about kind of the overview. So the goal of the ACA was to help the 37 million uninsured out there. And, yes, uninsurance rates have gone down dramatically or at historic lows. But I think a lot of things were unforeseen.","And the way some of the regulations were implemented are actually harming rural America and not fulfilling the ultimate goals of the ACA. And what I mean by that is half of those 37 million - the goal was to expand Medicaid and get those folks into a Medicaid program. We know that a lot of states have taken the Supreme Court up on its option of opting out of Medicaid. That has predominantly hurt rural America.","In fact, if you're a rural state, if you're a poor state, more likely than not, you have not expanded Medicaid. So we're seeing millions of folks left behind at that. Our concern is that since the ACA was passed, we've had an escalation of rural hospitals close. We've had 80 rural hospitals close since 2010. If this rate continues, in less than 10 years' time, we're going to have 25 percent of rural hospitals close within less than a decade.","Do you have any concern about the Congress repealing the Affordable Care Act - what's called Obamacare - without a replacement?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implementation of the ACA has not achieved its intended goals, and has instead caused harm to rural America.","questions":"What is the goal of the ACA?","answer":"Help"}
{"text":["Well, I think one of my roles - at least the way I pretty much defined my life and work for 35 years in the academy and was quite lucky in serendipitous ways began teaching at Yale at the time of the moment that's now considered, I guess, the revolutionary moment at Yale with the Black Panthers and Bobby Seale and Erica Huggins and others.","So, I always saw a kind of resistive undercurrent in the university even at its Ivy League level. And I've tried to identify myself in the academy with that resistive undercurrent. And I've tried to maintain an integrity of my public appearances and what I write that never refuses to look at the fact that racism, in my estimation, is more rampant in the United States and globally than ever before.","One can say is the glass half-full or half-empty. I think that's mere casuistry. It seems to me that the glass is empty for the majority of Americans now, not just black Americans, and it's not near any liquid refreshments source that I know of, the foreclosures, the economics of the present time, the war.","It seems to me that Henry Louis Gates Jr.  and Cornel West made a deliberate turn at a certain point in their career and decided, in the case of Mr.  Gates for example, that he was not going to do another profoundly brilliant book in his\u2026","Well, professor, I'm sorry, we have to wrap this up. There's a lot there, but thank you so much, Professor Baker."],"speaker":["A","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker believes that the current state of affairs in America is bleak and lacking in resources and opportunities for most people, regardless of their race.","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion about the current situation in America?","answer":"Negative"}
{"text":["And a lot of people might ask, how are you measuring innovation and creativity?","Well, most people measure innovation typically by looking at rates of patenting. Now people have become to track the number of start-up companies emerging in urban centers or the venture capital. And the good news is that cities are upping the ante. New York now, Manhattan is the second highest center for venture capital-backed start-up companies behind only Silicon Valley. But the other caution I wanted to make, and I think you know and folks listening know I'm a dyed-in-the-wool urbanist, that also places like Silicon Valley, which are somewhat car-dependent, can work. They can emulate many of the functions of the city.","So as we begin to build denser cities, the key is not just piling up people in buildings higher and higher and higher and creating vertical suburbs where people just interact in the building, it's to build cities that can be dense, that can have multi-story buildings, that can be close together. But having that interaction is a key part of keeping our cities innovation and creative not only here but in those emerging economies around the world.","Is there a difference in expense as well?Some of those older buildings in New York, hardly any place in Manhattan that anyone would describe as cheap, but they're less expensive in SoHo or Chelsea than they are in one of those big high-rise buildings in Midtown."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Measuring innovation and creativity is not limited to patenting and also includes the number of start-up companies and venture capital.","questions":"What can be used to measure innovation besides patenting?","answer":"Start-up"}
{"text":["Yes, it might take time. It might take a long time. It might - the effort to do that might outlast a presidency. If that's true, all the more reason to begin this now so that we can see results in my lifetime.","So this is a hugely ambitious proposal that you are laying out now. And there will be people who ask, why is it that a two-term mayor of South Bend, Ind. - a town that many Americans won't have even heard of - a white guy, is the person who can heal America's deepest wound that has caused hundreds of years of inequities?","Frankly, it's twice as important. If you're a white candidate, it is twice as important for you to be talking about racial inequity and not just describing the problem which is fashionable in politics but actually talking about what we're going to do about it and describing the outcomes we're trying to solve for. I think we'll know we're getting somewhere when this is not regarded as some specialty issue that candidates of color talk about or that we only talk about when addressing voters of color.","This is a conversation that, frankly, white America needs to have too because white America needs to face the roots of these inequities and the fact of systemic racism all around us. It's the air we breathe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : whites refers to the Europeans and Americans and not just a color","questions":"Which group is being referred to as 'whites'?","answer":"caucasian"}
{"text":["This is an email. We've asked other songwriters to email us and say how much of themselves and their lives do they put in into their lyrics. This is from Luli(ph). I hope I'm pronouncing that correctly. I have always put my own experiences in my music combined with experiences and emotions I interpret from those around me. One challenge has always been with significant others looking too deeply into my music if, for example, the song is sad or about love. A risk that somebody is going to misinterpret something.","Well, as Eudora Welty so beautifully put it, all serious steering comes from within. So, you know, I think that you can't have your art and not take risks.","And this one is from Mary: My husband passed two years ago at the age of 50. I lost all desire to play, as well as creativity. Only recently have I rediscovered how to put my emotion into my music. My life is definitely reflected in my music. Thank you to all singer-songwriters for giving us a channel through your lives.","How long after these events - obviously, your father passed last year, so not that long before you went into production for this album.","No. I have been writing these songs that became this record for the last few years. And then after dad died, I had a few more songs to write, as you can imagine. And then I went into a studio this past January and recorded the album."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The songwriter wrote songs about their father's death","questions":"Which event influenced the songwriter's additional songs?","answer":"Death"}
{"text":["And we also really want to have a voice on the job. As the ones on the ground, we have a lot of valuable information to share, both in terms of what our students need but also in terms of being, like, stewards of this practice. And so we really want to be able to stand up for the integrity of what we do, our work.","What kind of response have you received from YogaWorks in your effort to unionize?","The initial response we got was not exactly what we were hoping for. The emails that we got were actually full of quite a bit of misinformation and what I've come to see as, you know, a pretty typical union-busting tactics - telling us that we'd have to pay really high dues, that there would be a flat rate, that we'd lose all power. Since then, there's been a changeover in the CEO position. And his tone so far seems to be different. He seems to be taking a different approach. But we have yet to see what actually happened. So, you know, the proof will be in the action. And also, the offer to recognize us still stands, and he hasn't taken us up on that either. So we'll see.","Markella, how many yoga instructors are involved in this unionization effort?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Voice\" and \"stand up\" are both figurative. The first means have influence, the second means support (not physically stand up).","questions":"What do the terms \"voice\" and \"stand up\" mean in turn 0?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Absolutely not. In fact, the people of my state should know we are doing everything in our power to defend them. If it comes to a legal fight with the Trump administration, we're prepared to have it. I've had some experience with taking on the Trump administration litigation. We have yet to lose a case yet, and I don't plan on starting with this issue.","Attorney General Bob Ferguson of Washington state, thanks so much.","Oh, thank you, Scott. Have a great day.","And we contacted the Department of Justice for comment on Mr.  Ferguson's remarks about Attorney General Sessions. We have yet to receive a response."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A: Oh, thank you, Scott.Have a great day.","questions":"What is the name of the person who PersonA thanks in turn 2 of the dialogue?","answer":"Scott"}
{"text":["I gather - at first, you thought this might be a short book. Why?","I thought, and actually, at first, I didn't want to do it when it was proposed to me. And I was even a little bit offended by the fact that someone wants to kind of lump this very, very large region into one book. You know, the Nordics is a geographical region. It's not really a cultural region.","Now, our research team tells us split pea soup is a dish that reaches across the region we're talking about.","It is. One thing that ties the whole region together is the fact that you'll have four very distinctive seasons, and at least one of them, regardless where in the region you are, is going to be a season where you can't really harvest any plant materials for food. So a lot of those dishes that are based on something that can be stored really well through winter like, for example, the dried peas for the split pea soup, they are actually dishes that you can find, if not in the whole region, at least in parts of it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  I thought, and actually, at first, I didn't want to do it when it was proposed to me. And I was even a little bit offended by the fact that someone wants to kind of lump this very, very large region into one book. You know, the Nordics is a geographical region. It's not really a cultural region.  In this turn, the speaker is expressing their initial reluctance and offense towards the idea of creating a book that encompasses the entire Nordic region. The literal meaning of the statement is clear, but the implicated meaning goes beyond the words themselves. The speaker implies that the cultural diversity within the Nordic region is significant and should not be oversimplified or generalized.","questions":"How did the speaker initially feel about creating a book about the Nordic region?","answer":"Reluctant"}
{"text":["How do you bring to life the world three centuries ago?","I did a lot of research for this novel. I like to say that my research was wide, but shallow. I read a little bit of a lot of books, and a book that really helped me was \"The Door Of No Return\" by William St.  Clair. He took a bunch of archival research about the Cape Coast Castle, so it's a book that really just talks about what life might have been like in the castle in and around the 18th century. And it really helped me wrap my head around what it might have been like for my characters. And then the rest, I think, is just a wild and vivid imagination.","Yeah. And it must be said you don't - you don't spare African slave traders from villany, do you?","I don't. I think, you know, I grew up here in Alabama. And the conversation around slavery is much different here than it is in Ghana. So I think I was a little bit more aware of it or aware, I suppose, of the result of it than the people living on the coast of West Africa who didn't get to see, you know, what the results of the slave trade was. And yet they have this huge monument in Ghana to slavery - this Cape Coast Castle that still stands, that you can still take tours in. I wanted to talk about the Ghanaen role in it - the complicity on our side of things."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"Do you don't - you don't spare African slave traders from villany, do you?\" - This turn means: Do you not show mercy or kindness to African slave traders in your novel?","questions":"How did the conversation around slavery differ in Alabama compared to Ghana?","answer":"Aware"}
{"text":["Well, no. There is no sign of that yet. They cannot do everything the Trump administration wants because, as we've discussed before, we are asking for structural changes that are at the core of the Chinese Communist Party's governance of China. So they - no, they cannot do that.","And they're entering, remember, a very sensitive political season. You've got the 30th anniversary of the Tiananmen Massacre coming up. They need to look strong. Xi Jinping puts himself forward as sort of the all-knowing, all-powerful leader of China. And he has to seem that it - to be defending the interest of the Chinese people.","So what are the risks to the United States, if continuing to raise tariffs, if it doesn't push China to make a deal?","Well, all of these tariffs cost the American people. President Trump repeatedly says that China is simply transferring money to American coffers. But there are numerous academic studies which indicate that these costs are being borne by the American importers and increasingly by American consumers.","And China is going to be very careful when it retaliates to target consumers in sectors in the United States that are supportive of President Trump. They've already done this in targeting soybeans. They're very deft politically, and that's what they'll continue to do. So they are going to make him politically pay a price. And American consumers will pay as well."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : China will retaliate by targeting American consumers and make President Trump politically pay a price","questions":"How will China retaliate against the United States?","answer":"Consumers"}
{"text":["So I think that the Barack Obama, of course, then has a political legitimacy that neither of those gentlemen had because he's a United States senator elected to represent a district and serve a quarter of people. And yet, he's a charismatic figure as well, creating a sense of movement among the millions who now acclaim him as the best thing that happened to American politics since Jack Kennedy.","So Barack Obama has claimed the unique space within the context of American political destiny and has joined the charismatic authority that attends black messianic figures who become leaders in black America, as well as the quest for political legitimacy that transcends black communities. Because he's not just representing black people; he's representing white people and Latino people, and Asian people. He's representing Americans. And so he's taking it to yet another level in pioneering an even different path than the one blazed by Martin Luther King Jr.  or Jessie Jackson and, to a certain degree, Al Sharpton.","Well, Michael Eric Dyson, thank you.","Thank you very kindly, Farai."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Well, Michael Eric Dyson, thank you.\" - This turn has no implied meaning beyond its literal meaning of thanking Michael Eric Dyson.","questions":"What is the name of the person being thanked in turn 2?","answer":"Michael"}
{"text":["You're speaking with us from near Manchester, England, at the moment, where there was an attack. You're based in London, where there's been another attack. Can you describe the mood?","The mood is very alarmed. I've been literally corresponding with hundreds of British-Muslim community members across the country. And there is a genuine feeling of shock beyond the last few attacks because of the severity of this and the frequency of it. And there is a sense - a real sense that something has to change.","Now, I know all sectors are feeling this. But, you know, what they're telling me is that, you know, we're going to have to face some difficult questions. Now the only thing is, how are we going to handle those questions?Is it going to be as a community, as part of wider society?Or are Muslim communities going to be a target?That's going to make a little bit of a difference here.","Just briefly - we only have about 30 seconds - how is the Muslim community reacting?This is the holy month of Ramadan, a time of prayer and reflection."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Can you describe the mood?\" - This turn is meant to inquire about the emotional state of the people in the area where the speaker is currently located. The literal meaning of the turn is clear and does not differ from its actual meaning.","questions":"How was the mood in the area where the speaker was located? (answer: alarmed)","answer":"alarmed"}
{"text":["Right. I don't think we're at the stage of a full sectarian civil war, but we're certainly moving in the direction of greater sectarianism. The government is pushing this to some extent by doing some ethnic cleansing of villages where there's mixed Alawites and others, and they want to get the Sunnis mostly out.","Should they need to retreat to those regions, they want them fully Alawite.","Well, that's one theory. I think the idea of an Alawite state, where Assad and the Alawites can retreat, is not realistic, it wouldn't work, it wouldn't last. But they have to work out some kind of system, ultimately, where all Syrians can live together, which is how they've always done it.","You don't have a history of sectarian tensions in Syria like you do in some other countries. But you never also had a history of real democracy either. So they've never had a chance to work out a democratic system for power-sharing. The Iraqis are going through the same thing right now, huge demonstrations by Sunnis against the Shiite-led government. The Kurds are more or less on their own in the North."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to move in direction in this context means to change something","questions":"What is the government doing to villages with mixed Alawites and others?","answer":"cleansing"}
{"text":["Now, going back to the delegate question. Mitt Romney had a significant number of delegates. What happens to his delegates on the Republican side?Who gets to choose what pile they get thrown in?","He had 282 pledged delegates when he got out of the race last Thursday, bowing out to John McCain. But he did not actually totally 100 percent leave the campaign. He suspended his campaign, which means he's no longer really contesting John McCain's nomination. But if something should happen, some untoward event were to really alter the course of things, in the next couple of weeks or months or as we get closer to the convention, if something happened to John McCain and Mitt Romney wanted to get back into the fray, he's still holding on to that cash of delegates, which is at this point still the second largest. He's still a little bit ahead Mike Huckabee, even though Huckabee had a pretty good weekend out there.","So Mitt Romney's hanging onto those delegates for now. In the end we expect there will not be a big fight for the nomination at the convention and all the delegates will make it unanimous for John McCain, except those few who might choose to cast a kind of protest vote.","All right. Well, Ron, thanks again."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mitt Romney has suspended his campaign, which means he is still technically in the race and has not fully withdrawn. (3) - All the delegates are expected to vote for John McCain at the convention, but a few may choose to cast a vote of protest.","questions":"Which candidate has the second largest amount of pledged delegates as of the moment?","answer":"Romney"}
{"text":["It's becoming a new Thanksgiving tradition. This year, like the year before, the newest installment of \"The Hunger Games\" movie franchise \"Mockingjay Part 1\" is an adaptation of the first half of Suzanne Collins third and final book in the series. And with the backdrop of what's been happening in the world, protests in Ferguson, Missouri, and shakeup at the Capitol - Capitol Hill that is. Audiences look for comparisons between the fictitious world of Panem and the real world. We're joined now by Stephen Carter, a professor of law at Yale, a novelist and columnist for Bloomberg View, where he writes regularly on popular culture. Stephen, thanks so much for being back with us.","It's my pleasure, Scott.","I'm just guessing you don't watch \"Hunger Games\" the way a lot of other people do.","You're right. I'm looking for tropes and ideas that are going to leap out of the film into public life. And one that's really striking about the \"Hunger Games\" franchise is how more than really anything else in recent years in popular culture, so many of the symbols - the nation of Panem itself with its deep wealth inequalities, the notion of the Capitol, this barricaded wealthy city and of course, Katniss Everdeen herself, the hero. All of these things have not only leapt into the public imagination, but they are regular features of political argument."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"watch\" - This verb usually means to observe something with one's eyes, but in this context, it implies enjoying or experiencing a film.","questions":"Which verb implies enjoying or experiencing a film in the given context?","answer":"Watch"}
{"text":["I asked Groff, who you will know from her own short story collection \"Florida\" and her novel \"Fates And Furies\" - I asked her how Nancy Hale went from someone with dozens and dozens of stories in The New Yorker to someone we forgot about.","You know, I don't know definitively. It's very hard to tell. I think part of it is that her stories are very quiet and very elegant, and she's possibly not fashionable at the moment - her style of writing. But I find her incredibly fascinating. She creates these lines that are full of a humming electricity. And her structures are so deep and so thoughtful that you don't really understand what you're reading until maybe a couple of days later when you realize exactly the craft that went into creating her short stories.","And they span the gamut. Some of them are highly lyrical. Other ones are satirical and very funny. So we did put together this collection of 25 short stories. They're all interesting in their own way. And you can sort of see the development of a writer over the course of decades.","Right. No, absolutely. You can feel - she's obviously, as you would expect, writing very different things than - in her later years than she was as a very young writer. How did you pick the stories that you landed on out of the many, many ones she wrote?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : She writes a wide variety of stories and the lessons that she learns as a writer can be seen in her stories.","questions":"How can the writer's development as a writer be observed?","answer":"Development"}
{"text":["I was just going to say, would this result, from their point of view, represented defeat?","Definitely. I mean, definitely that they are in a - they lost some seats, first of all, a couple seats. But also, I think, they are definitely concerned about the rise of Yair Lapid with this issue and Netanyahu's agreement to tackle this issue. Netanyahu had actually agreed last year to take on this issue. He - you'll might remember that he formed a larger coalition with the Kadima party, which at that time was very large, and the promise was that they were going to address the draft issue. And they spent about 70 days in this coalition supposedly working on it but it blew up because Netanyahu would not push it with the ultraorthodox. And so the coalition - that coalition fell apart or the Kadima left.","And now, it - he seems to say he's going to do it now. He talks - talked today about the draft as - or the sharing the burden is kind of the terminology here that (unintelligible) of election, share the burden. He mentioned that as one of three principles on what the new coalition will be formed.","And this is also partly in response to rulings from the Israeli courts."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It is being implied that the leader made it difficult for the coalition.","questions":"What caused the coalition to fall apart?","answer":"Leader"}
{"text":["Right.","It was, it's poignant because of Lisa \"Left Eye\" Lopez having passed away.","Definitely. And SWV and En Vogue, it was just yeah, that I thought, that was really good. I mean, where else could you see that but the BET Awards?","Yeah, it was, I mean I thought the staging was pretty amazing.","Definitely. Definitely."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : 2: Lisa 'Left Eye' Lopez's death made it more emotional","questions":"How was Lisa 'Left Eye' Lopez associated with the BET Awards performance?","answer":"Emotional"}
{"text":["And for some young women in those societies, it was that just order. Those kind of dashed hopes were exploited. And part of the appeal of ISIS, I think, in those early days in countries like Tunisia and for girls like Nour, was that there was no other way to be politically active, to be a feminist of any kind. It was the only door that was open.","I was about to mention the story of Nour. She was a high school dropout from Tunisia. And you make the point in the book that she was sort of rebelling against a secular state. And it was her way of expressing her female identity.","Exactly. So Nour grew up in a Tunisia that was highly authoritarian but secular. So Nour was religious. She wanted to cover her hair. She went to school wearing a headscarf. And she was thrown out of high school for that because the headscarf was banned in public spaces like that in Tunisia before the 2011 uprisings.","You described this shocking scene where she's actually attacked by her teacher."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It's not a door but an opportunity that becomes available to them.","questions":"What was the only way for young women in some societies to be politically active and be a feminist of any kind?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["James Foley would have turned 41 today. The journalist who was murdered by the Islamic State was known for his reporting on the conflicts of the Middle East. Jim Foley's life will be celebrated in his hometown of Rochester, New Hampshire today. The memorial service is taking place at Our Lady of the Holy Rosary Parish. Father Marc Montminy, a close friend of the family, is leading the service. He joins us now. Thanks for being with us.","You're very welcome. It's good to be with you.","What do you remember about Jim Foley?","We remember him as a child. Many people around the world remember him more as an adult 'cause when you're young, you see people from one vantage point. As you get older, they develop and grow into their own person. Jim was always a happy guy. He was also, I felt, very pensive at times. He was a thinker. He was the type of guy who could see things that perhaps other people didn't see as clearly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"What do you remember about Jim Foley?\" - The literal meaning of this question is asking for specific memories or recollections of Jim Foley.","questions":"How would you describe Jim Foley's personality?","answer":"Thinker"}
{"text":["You are so nice for not doing that spoiler alert. But, yes, so many people discuss Israel-Palestine as if its people on a spectrum. But this notion where people say, oh, you know, Israel and Palestine, they disagree. It's not a spectrum. It's metaphysics.","They're in a different reality, whereas, I lived in Jerusalem that had the Temple Mount and a Palestinian neighbor lived in al-Quds that had Haram al-Sharif. Like, literally, we're inhabiting the same space and in a different city with a different extraordinary holy place on the same spot. And, to me, you know, that gets us to the title of this book. I was looking for a space for the no man's land where a moment of understanding might take place.","Is there an affinity between writers and spies?","That's funny. I'm like - I was going to the list. I was like, writers and shrinks, writers and sociopaths. But, yeah, I have a whole list of things. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They're in a different reality, whereas, I lived in Jerusalem that had the Temple Mount and a Palestinian neighbor lived in al-Quds that had Haram al-Sharif. Like, literally, we're inhabiting the same space and in a different city with a different extraordinary holy place on the same spot. And, to me, you know, that gets us to the title of this book. I was looking for a space for the no man's land where a moment of understanding might take place.\"  In this turn, the implied meaning is that although the speaker and their Palestinian neighbor physically occupy the same space, they have distinct and separate realities due to the differences in the names and significance attributed to the holy places they inhabit. The speaker seeks a metaphorical \"no man's land\" where a moment of understanding and connection can occur despite the stark differences in perspectives and experiences.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the concept of a \"no man's land\"?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["Well, I want to understand it as my friend, Fanon, as my idol, Fanon. I want to understand it, and it is quite complicated, but in another way it's quite simple.","And when I say race, I should stipulate. I don't mean simply black and white. By race, I mean any idea or notion that divides human beings into more than one kind. And then the next step of race and racism and racialized thinking is to figure out a scheme through which or by which because of this difference, manufactured difference, one group or another can take advantage of other groups.","So it sits over our shoulder, and it's part of what's the motivation for our going into Iraq. It's keeping young black men in prison in a totally disproportionate way. It's the cause of abuse against women. Race is a villain, and I wish I could wave a magic wand, but I can't. It's too deeply embedded in our nature.","You mentioned how race is linked to, among many other things, the prison system. And you've had, I'm sure, much too much experience with it, more than you'd like with both your brother and your son incarcerated.","You have sections in your book where your brother is - you and your brother are talking about the nature of hope and whether hope can be debilitating in the context of being someone who's incarcerated."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Race is a deep-seated issue in society that cannot be easily solved","questions":"What is the main factor causing abuse against women, according to the dialogue?","answer":"Race"}
{"text":["Really, the link is, you know, if you strip away the neuroses, maybe. You know what I'm saying?I spend all day being other people - literally transforming. You know, for a book to function, it's not - I can tell the difference between realities. But it has to be a functioning reality. The character has to be real. And I imagine that's exactly what happens for a spy who was, you know, in deep cover.","I just think, yes, I wouldn't make it for a second if I had to do it in front of another person. So if you take the privacy of the room away, maybe that's the link. It's about inhabiting other realities in a convincing - beyond convincing. It has to be more than that. It has to be real for the person.","Nathan Englander, his book \"Dinner At The Center Of The Earth. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Oh, truly, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn 2, the speaker is implying that the privacy of the room is important for them to be able to inhabit other realities and make them believable.","questions":"How does the speaker believe privacy affects their ability to inhabit other realities?","answer":"Privacy"}
{"text":["The economy is the number one issue. And one of the things that makes it very difficult for a candidate to campaign in Ohio is that when they come to Ohio to talk about the economy, they can't just talk about a single aspect. When you talk to folks in the northern part of the state, northeast Ohio which includes Cleveland, and northwest Ohio which includes Toledo, when you're talking about the economy there, oftentimes the discussion is about trade.","When you talk about the economy in southwest Ohio, which is the Cincinnati area, there's much less talk about trade, and more discussion about wages and the salaries that people are making. The southeast area of the state, which is also known in part because of the Appalachian history of that part of the state, has high unemployment. A number of counties in southeast Ohio have double-digit unemployment. Many people in that region are talking about and focused on unemployment, solely as their economic concern.","And what about social issues?We heard in Celeste's piece a woman who is concerned about abortion. We know at least in southern Ohio that there are big concerns about social issues. How do those play out?","When we were looking at this race last fall and in the early spring, we were seeing a lot of issues, economic, social, foreign policy issues. However, once we've gotten into the fall election period here, the economy is overwhelming everything else.","Eric Rademacher, co-director of the University of Cincinnati's Ohio poll. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"How do those play out\" implies that there is a lot to discuss about social issues, not actually physically playing.","questions":"What is the topic of the woman's concern in Celeste's piece?","answer":"Abortion"}
{"text":["And how do you?","So what we found works the best is you need champions within that community. You need strong, influential voices that are going to say we need to accept these girls and women back, and the children. These are victims, it was not their fault. They're part and parcel of our society. So what we do is we identify not just the traditional religious and community leaders, but also those who have an influential voice amongst the women in particular in the community, so that they can become those carriers of the messages that these girls, these women, they deserve our support. They deserve our acceptance back. And then we can open up community dialogues so that people - we can't just dismiss that communities have fear. We must address it head on and allow communities to express those fears, but with religious and traditional leaders providing that voice of reason and tolerance so that these girls and women can come back into their communities.","Rachel Harvey of UNICEF in Nigeria. Thanks for joining us.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are no turns in this conversation.whose actual meaniniNG are different from their literal meanings .All of the turns are being used in a straightforward and litreal meanings","questions":"What kind of leaders does PersonA suggest to identify within the community to become the carriers of the message?","answer":"Influential"}
{"text":["That's right. It has a huge box that they call the LiDAR machine which basically can pierce through the jungle's foliage and map whatsoever on the ground underneath.","And this LiDAR machine can penetrate even triple canopy rainforest.","It's absolutely incredible. It strips it out completely. And you can actually see something as small as a meter on a side, sitting on the ground underneath this incredibly dense rainforest.","And this rainforest, it turns out even sites that had been discovered by archeologists before that the LiDAR technique from the air found vastly more than the archeologists ever suspected."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The machine can read images under the jungle foliage.","questions":"How can the LiDAR machine map the ground underneath the jungle?","answer":"Pierce"}
{"text":["No, because the guys used to sit on the porch and play their guitars and (unintelligible). And then would beat to the tap of their foot. So I kind of adapted that tanta-ta-tan-tum, tanta-ta-tan-tum(ph). I mean, because - I mean, my people - my relatives, most of them were from Jackson, Mississippi. So when they migrated to Indianapolis, they kind of brought a lot of that feeling.","When he said write a hit, that one song people know me all over the world, in Russia, Africa, Japan, all over the world, people, the first thing they say when they see me, \"Red Clay. \"","In the course of your career, you had, obviously, highs and you had some lows, and they've been described as personal problems. Without going into detail, are we to assume that those problems were substance abuse related?","Well, substance abuse, I wouldn't really say I had a problem with that. I mean, I would say that at one period in the '70s, I started partying, I was in Hollywood A-list(ph). And everybody would come up there, I mean, all kind of movie stars, all kind of football stars, basketball stars, actors. And I had a spot right there in (unintelligible) overlooking the (unintelligible). And the people that I had coming up there - now, the substance abuse, it was around because a lot of people who would come to see me would bring it. But I would never really say I had a habit or anything like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There were some personal problems, and he is trying to understand the reason behind them without being too direct.","questions":"How would PersonB describe the problems that PersonA faced in his career without explicitly asking about substance abuse?","answer":"Substance"}
{"text":["Yes, and not even as big as a credit card in size - tiny. And she held it up, and my mother fleetingly saw her younger self, so she knew that this was true.","Wow.","She goes home to her mother, and her mother says nothing and summons the father. And eventually, there's a scene and - the mother and father sitting opposite my mother. And they just tell her that they took her in as if a kind of kindness - that she was a sort of waif or a stray and, you know, it was a charitable act. So she immediately began to feel that nobody wanted her.","Pause the story there because you touch on one of the crazier things, which is that bus. When this old woman appears with a photograph, you describe everyone as freezing because they all knew. The whole village, surrounding villages all knew way more about the story of your mother's life than she did until she was a much older woman."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The 'it' that the woman held up is not referring to a physical object, but a photograph","questions":"Which object did the woman hold up?","answer":"Photograph"}
{"text":["I mean, there have been some high-profile examples recently of sort of ethically questionable journalism, you know, maybe at best. Do you think that - and this is sort of tangential, but do you think that that, the definition of plagiarism needs to be updated for the Web?","I mean, given that I started this thing, you mentioned the curator's code, I think about that a lot. I think plagiarism is kind of a harsh word that comes from the publishing world, you know, kind of a legacy term. And there are many layers to it. It's a little bit of a grab bag.","But online, one of the things that I think about a lot, which I think is a form of sort of neo-plagiarism as this idea of OK, you know, we live at a time where there's almost infinite information, and it takes time to find the meaningful and to separate it from the meaningless, and that's effort, and that's sort of creative labor.","And when someone does that, and let's say - you know, for example, one of my favorite sites, Open Culture, run by Dan Colman out of Stanford, he finds amazing archival stuff. You know, and he spends time in the archives looking for it. And then it gets sort of reported on, say, Huffington Post or Business Insider, just sort of regurgitated."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) \"ethically questionable journalism\" and \"definition of plagiarism needs to be updated for the Web\" (2) \"curator's code\", \"legacy term\", and \"grab bag\" (3) \"neo-plagiarism\", \"infinite information\", \"meaningful and meaningless\", \"creative labor\" (4) \"Open Culture\", \"archival stuff\", \"regurgitated\"","questions":"What is one of the sites mentioned by PersonA that finds amazing archival stuff?","answer":"Open"}
{"text":["They're placing a lot of their hopes on the Chevy Volt, the electric car that's due out at the end of 2010. What do you think about that, and do you think that that's enough to help the company?","In reading through the General Motors restructuring plan, they talk about it as if it's the next Ford Model T.  I think the language that they use is a fundamental reinvention of the American automobile industry. And, you know, I hope it is, but you have to be skeptical about anything coming out that will fundamentally reinvent the industry, at least at this stage. It's too mature an industry right now.","Is there anything that GM can say when they go before Congress tomorrow and Friday?Is there anything that they should do, do you think, that could save it?","Their objective in going to Congress is not to save the industry. Their objective in going to Congress is to get money from Congress. And if you read through these documents, they are - especially the General Motors document, it is full of really shameless Americanizing, patriotic propaganda. It's geared to getting the money, and that's their objective. And I believe they will come away from Washington with money."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : GM is only trying to get money from Congress, not save the industry. (line 4)","questions":"How is GM's objective in going to Congress?","answer":"Money"}
{"text":["Everybody else in the theater did. I didn't.","Oh, yeah, right.","Every single person cried except for me.","Oh, yeah, because they were only slicing onions for you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker did not cry because they were not moved by the movie, while everyone else was","questions":"How did the speaker feel about the movie?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["Where does he publish his stuff?","Also in supermarkets - well, there are couple of journals that he published almost everything. The Journal of - wait, I've got to look these up now. Psychological Reports is one of them.","I just want to know because I feel like I might want to read them. I mean. . .","Oh, you should. You should, I think. I try not to tell people what they should do, but Trinkaus' reports are so interesting. Psychological Reports is the name of one journal and Perceptual and Motor Skills is the other journal. They are sister journals. He also gets annoyed in the street when he watches people driving. He got annoyed that somebody near his house - there were lots of somebodies - don't always stop, come to a compete stop at an intersection. So he sat at the intersection for several hours. There's a stop sign there, and he counted. Of the cars that come to this intersection, how many come to a complete stop and how many do not?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A needs to check the names of the journals.","questions":"What does Trinkaus publish in besides Psychological Reports?","answer":"Perceptual-and-Motor-Skills"}
{"text":["Hey, Farai. How's it going?","I'm doing great. So, we survived the election and we keep on trucking. What are folks saying this week?","Well, as you can guess, we got several letters reacting to Senator Barack Obama's White House win. Here are a few responses we got on our web site. Alisha Brown wrote: Tonight I thank my dad for never being home as a kid because he was always gone registering people to vote. White people have no idea what the kids of civil rights leaders feel right now.","Then Diana McClone(ph) chimed in on a Web discussion about Senator Obama's racial identity to say this: I don't care if the person I voted for is green with polka dots and three eyes. So long as they convince me that they have the better plan for our country, they have my vote."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Diana McClone believes that policy is more important than the candidate's appearance.","questions":"What is more important to Diana McClone - policy or appearance?","answer":"Policy"}
{"text":["Well, what happened on Tuesday was very interesting. During the day on Tuesday, there was a very small protest. They were in the middle of central Baghdad in Tahrir Square. They were very quickly dispersed by the Iraqi security forces, but then a call went out on social media from people's individual accounts to say, let's go back to the square at 3 o'clock. And the numbers surprised everybody. There were thousands of people in the square who reacted to that, and they all had one real message to the government. That was to end corruption and provide jobs and opportunity.","The government were completely surprised by this, and they sent in the Iraqi army and the police with very heavy-handed tactics. They used live fire. They used tear gas. They used rubber-coated steel bullets. Now, there were a number of deaths that day, and then the protests spread to other parts of the country.","So whatever had happened, it struck a chord with very young people. Now, the median age of the protesters, as far as I can work out, is about 20 years old. These are people who don't remember Saddam Hussein, who, you know, barely remember the U. S. -led occupation of Iraq. What they do remember is the last 10 years and the opportunities that have not been given to them.","And as you have been moving around the streets, reporting, trying to talk to them, what specifically do they tell you that they want?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The tactics used were very dangerous and deadly to the protestors.","questions":"How were the protests suppressed?","answer":"Suppressed"}
{"text":["The government is treading a fine line. On one hand, it acknowledges that this is a regime that cannot survive, and that this is a matter of time, only. At the same time, because it's a neighbor and because the borders are still open and there is some trade going on, in addition to other reasons, the government is careful not to take matters, sort of, beyond a certain point. But I think that there is wide consensus in the region that understands that this regime has no chance of survival. The problem and the questions is, how many more people will be killed before it leaves the scene?","Again, Turkey - we know that the Free Syrian Army uses Turkey as a safe haven. Injured are brought back to be treated in medical facilities. The fighters return there to rest and re-equip and then come back. That's a very porous border in that situation. What about Jordan?Is Jordan allowing the Free Syrian Army effectively to operate from its territory?","No. There are no military operations being conducted out of Jordan for the Free Syrian Army. Jordan has received a number of defectors from Syria, including the ex-prime minister of Syria and several army officers who have defected to Jordan. But they have not engaged in any military activity, so far.","Why no?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Free Syrian Army is operating from Turkey which is being used as a safe haven for fighters and injured individuals. Jordan has not allowed any military operations from its territory despite receiving defectors from Syria.","questions":"Which country is allowing the Free Syrian Army to operate from its territory?","answer":"Turkey"}
{"text":["Story's still unfolding, we understand. What are you hearing?","Well, the evidence is that the Islamic State is behind this. In addition to French President Francois Hollande saying that the attacks were the work of ISIS, the group itself claimed responsibility in an online statement a short time ago. And they say the attacks were a response to French airstrikes in Syria and that France would remain, in their words, a top target as long as it continued its current policies.","This has been independently confirmed by intelligence officials you've been able to talk to.","Well, my understanding is that officials first started to suspect ISIS was behind this late last night. There were some cellphone conversations or texts that the gunmen were exchanging while the attacks were going on. And they mentioned ISIS. And here's why that's important. You remember the Mumbai attacks in 2008 that were - those were attacks on hotels and Jewish centers and a railway station. Well, one of the ways that they traced it back to the perpetrators was by picking up phone conversations between the gunmen and their handlers in Pakistan. The information is still coming in, but it appears that something similar happened here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Well, my understanding is that officials first started to suspect ISIS was behind this late last night. There were some cellphone conversations or texts that the gunmen were exchanging while the attacks were going on. And they mentioned ISIS. And here's why that's important. You remember the Mumbai attacks in 2008 that were - those were attacks on hotels and Jewish centers and a railway station. Well, one of the ways that they traced it back to the perpetrators was by picking up phone conversations between the gunmen and their handlers in Pakistan. The information is still coming in, but it appears that something similar happened here.  Implicated meaning: A is using the phrase \"here's why that's important\" to introduce a connection between the current situation and a past event. The actual meaning is that A is providing reasons why the mentioning of ISIS is significant and relevant to the current situation.","questions":"Which group did the gunmen mention during the attacks?","answer":"ISIS"}
{"text":["That raises the point - did he wind up being useful to the Qatar regime?","Well, the lobbyists said that they didn't make any specific asks of the people who went to Doha. But they just hoped, and it turns out they were right about this, that these people would say nice things about Qatar and just sort of start to change the conversation that they thought the president might be picking up on through the media that he listens to, the social media that he uses and the people that he has in the White House.","Alan Dershowitz - as an example, he wrote a very glowing column about his visit in The Hill newspaper. And then, people like Governor Huckabee tweeted a couple of nice things about Doha and how lovely it was. The radio host who went over, John Batchelor, actually broadcast from Doha for a week and then spoke very glowingly afterwards in very positive terms, you know, really saying that the U. S.  ought to embrace this country more. And, indeed, when the emir visited the White House in April of this year, which, in and of itself, was a big move, the president seemed very friendly with him, very open to him and called him and his country a friend of the U. S.  And so to these lobbyists' minds, what they did worked.","What are the implications of this new approach in lobbying?I mean, I'm wondering - would Qatar or some other power start trying to get close to the people who are Mar-a-Lago members and might see Mr.  Trump over the relish tray?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The lobbyists were successful in changing the conversation about Qatar and influencing the President's opinion.","questions":"What did John Batchelor do in Doha?","answer":"Broadcast"}
{"text":["You know, I think really when it comes to animal agriculture and pork production specifically, we've always been about open and fair markets and open trade. We know that when there's a level playing field and we have an opportunity to be able to compete with other pork producers worldwide, we continue to gain market share because we are good.","When we have tariffs, these retaliatory tariffs, obviously somebody else has an advantage over us. And especially in China here right now, obviously we've got two 25% tariffs that add up to a 50%, along with the 12% that they charge everybody. That's a 62% tariff. Well, that puts us out of the market, makes us uncompetitive.","Well, with this announcement out of the White House, kind of unexpectedly just in the past week, I mean, do you kind of feel like there's a game of chicken going on, and you're caught in the middle?","Well, let's be very realistic. The real issue at first was steel and aluminum tariffs, which the tariffs were put on Mexico. They retaliated against the United States, and our product was at a 20% tariff rate. And really that was worth about $12 per head. And that $12 came out of my and other pork producers' pocket. So that was the first one."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The steel and aluminum tariffs caused a loss for pork producers","questions":"What caused the loss for pork producers?","answer":"Steel"}
{"text":["You got it, my friend. They did that, and they're apt to do more. And right now I guess the point we ought to talk about to you and your listeners, understanding that I'm not there, and I'm not a player, a participant, but yet I'm a player, one of the outside groups that finds his way in through cracks and corners and talks to the people over there.","I think they are trying to get something, led by the secretary of the Treasury, who's Geithner. . .","Tim Geithner.","Yeah, he's terrific, I think. Republicans have a wonderful man in Boehner, that Boehner's a straight shooter. Geithner is a very smart guy, and he acts fair to the Republicans. So I would think that he would be able to negotiate as well as anybody. And Tim Geithner, he's - I've talked with him many times before this thing started and occasionally since they've been in closed quarters."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite not being a participant, I have influence.","questions":"What role does PersonA play despite not being a participant?","answer":"Player"}
{"text":["Story's still unfolding, we understand. What are you hearing?","Well, the evidence is that the Islamic State is behind this. In addition to French President Francois Hollande saying that the attacks were the work of ISIS, the group itself claimed responsibility in an online statement a short time ago. And they say the attacks were a response to French airstrikes in Syria and that France would remain, in their words, a top target as long as it continued its current policies.","This has been independently confirmed by intelligence officials you've been able to talk to.","Well, my understanding is that officials first started to suspect ISIS was behind this late last night. There were some cellphone conversations or texts that the gunmen were exchanging while the attacks were going on. And they mentioned ISIS. And here's why that's important. You remember the Mumbai attacks in 2008 that were - those were attacks on hotels and Jewish centers and a railway station. Well, one of the ways that they traced it back to the perpetrators was by picking up phone conversations between the gunmen and their handlers in Pakistan. The information is still coming in, but it appears that something similar happened here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3): The implication is that intelligence officials have already confirmed the suspicion that ISIS was behind the attacks. ","questions":"How was the suspicion of ISIS involvement confirmed?","answer":"Confirmation"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, the choices - we take in quite a range of groups clan, the Nazi groups, other kinds of white nationalist groups by which I mean, generally more kind of the suit-and-tie crowd than you'll find with the clan in the skinheads. But we also include some very extreme anti-gay groups, some radical traditionalist Catholic groups, these are groups that believe that Jews are evil and so on, murdered God and what have you, and a number of other groups along those lines.","What's driving this growth in the numbers of hate groups?Is it the economy, social forces, a combination of both perhaps?","I think all of those things. During the last eight years or so, most of the period, these groups have very successfully and almost exclusively exploited the issue of illegal immigration. In other words, every clan group, neo-Nazi group out there has kind of put aside all other enemies to concentrate heavily on the so-called threat of people with brown skin coming here, to you know, kind of rape our daughters and destroy our society. That has begun to change in just the last year, especially since last fall when we had two major things going on, of course, the economy crashing and unemployment in particular getting worse and then of course, the election of a black man to the White House. Those things together have really created kind of perfect storm.","Are the number of hate crimes and the number of hate groups increasing on a parallel track?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Perfect storm\" isn't about a literal storm; it means a bunch of conditions coming together to produce something negative. The rape and destroy comments also aren't literally what immigrants will do, but what A is characterizing these clans claim they will do.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the \"rape and destroy\" comments made by the hate groups?","answer":"Characterizing"}
{"text":["Hi.","So, where were you when the typhoon hit?","I was on the island of Baho, and Baho was affected yesterday about 2 P. M. The problem for Baho is that it had already been basically destroyed, parts of it, by a massive earthquake just three weeks ago. So, there are certain areas of Baho that were particularly vulnerable to the extreme weather that we had yesterday.","I know you're still struggling to assess things but what can you tell us about what conditions look like now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The people of Baha affected by the effect of typhoon not by by typhoon","questions":"What specifically affected the people of Baha during the typhoon?","answer":"Effect"}
{"text":["There's a new commission by the president to try to look into this attack - series of attacks. What's that commission trying to do?","Well, this is a situation, Farai, that's been growing since '94, since the end of apartheid and the election of African National Congress. The problem is this. Fundamentally, the issue of poverty has not been tackled in a satisfactory way by the government. And you've had among the mass of poor people at the bottom, the so called black Africans, a very high level of patience actually waiting for something to turn around, and it hasn't.","Instead, there's been much more emphasis on the development of a black capitalist class, opening up the borders to trade, et cetera. And not enough paid attention to the grievances of people at the base.","When you have the situation like this, it is very easy for opportunists to take advantage of the situation and explode it in a very unproductive way and that's what happened. So, people's anger about the situation was channeled, much like we've seen here in the United Sates when people go against immigrants. Instead of understanding the way that the system is working and that it needs to be challenged, people start going after the vulnerable groups. So, they went after the Zimbabweans, they went after the Mozambiquens and they went after the Ugandans."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"growing\" in \"a situation that's been growing since '94\" means the situation has been getting worse or more intense over time, so the actual meaning is different from the literal meaning of physically increasing in size.","questions":"What is the specific problem that hasn't been tackled satisfactorily by the government?","answer":"Poverty"}
{"text":["I mean, anything that - any interest rate right now that's pegged to the federal funds rate, which is a key benchmark rate that many, many credit cards, many, many - some types of mortgages - but also many more types of short-term debts are pegged to, you can benefit a whole lot.","The problem is that if you're already in one of these homes, for example, that's - and you're underwater, meaning that you're house is worth less than the mortgage owner, and you've got poor credit or you don't have enough money or enough equity in the house to be able to refinance, then you're going to run it to a proper and you're not going to benefit.","Whether or not they - that helps the economy overall remains to be seen. I mean, the problem with economics statistics is that many times they lag by a couple of months. And so by the time you find out - by the time a recession is declared, you may have already been in one for about a month or two before you - before the rest of the country actually knows ,you know, some grand proclamation that comes from the Federal Reserve or some economists somewhere that we are in a recession.","We're going to talk a little bit more soon with a realtor in Ohio, your state, about the situation there. But last week, Countrywide Financial was subpoenaed by the attorney general of Florida. It's just one of a number of government agencies investigating the largest mortgage lender."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) To be in a recession means the economy is declining.","questions":"What is the problem for homeowners who are underwater and have poor credit?","answer":"Refinance"}
{"text":["Now, the foreign minister of Iran is describing this as blackmail. It does sound like bribery. Whether it's legal or not, I don't know. But how does the U. S.  view this particular tactic?","Well, the U. S.  has had a program for more than 30 years called Rewards for Justice that they've used to pay money to people who provide information that helps disrupt terror networks. They used it with the son of Osama bin Laden, for example - or tried to use it. So they announced a program yesterday where they will pay up to $15 million to people for information that would help disrupt Iranian illicit networks. And this is - the offer to Kumar, the captain of the Adrian Darya ship, is actually the first time they've used this program in the case of Iran and the maximum pressure campaign.","So this is open - it appears to be on the surface, at least - within U. S.  law. There's a law to cover it. If anybody were to accept the offer of this money, would we ever know about it?","Well, I think we probably would because the State Department has been actually very kind of forward in terms of publishing - publicizing a lot of things they're doing because they want ship captains around the world to know that this is available to entice them to take up these offers. So if they don't publicize it, there's no kind of marketing campaign as such."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"On the surface\" doesn't refer to physical being on a surface. Here, it implies that the program appears to be legal, but a deeper evaluation may show that it is not.","questions":"How does \"on the surface\" imply the legality of the program?","answer":"legality"}
{"text":["The resignation of Michael Flynn as national security adviser came after leaks from anonymous sources inside the intelligence community. Anonymous sources have always been a source of tips for reporters, but they've been especially prominent in the first days of the Trump administration. Last night, President Trump called the American news media the enemy of the people. NPR's David Folkenflik joins us. David, thanks for being with us.","Always.","When The Washington Post broke this story, they cited nine current and former officials and said they spoke on condition of anonymity. What kind of editorial decision-making goes in to having a report like this appear?","You can be sure that this rocketed up to the very top of the news hierarchy at a newsroom like The Post. Just the very fact that they took nine sources that they clearly went out of their way to try to check, cross-check, double-check and question what they were about to report that the stakes were that high, that the ramifications of what they were going to report would be so significant that they were going to take this very seriously indeed. And I think you can see that by the solidity of the reporting as far as we know so far. And I think that's also a reflection of how uncertain this story has been to date. You know, if - you may remember before the election, The New York Times had reported that the FBI had found that there were no signs of, you know, such contacts. And I think on this subject, there's a care being given by The Post, by The Times and by other serious news organizations."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This question implies that a lot of thought and care went into the decision to publish the story.","questions":"How would you describe the extent of editorial consideration for the report?","answer":"thorough"}
{"text":["The truth of the matter is people like Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton, beneficiaries of affirmative action, would not have been at Harvard or at Yale have there not been those programs and obviously, they were completely qualified to be there as are all of the other black and Latino and women students in prestigious, elite higher education institutions in this nation.","You've fought and you lost. I'm talking about the Michigan Civil Rights Initiative of 2006. Now, we're talking about five more states. Really, what are you trying to do if these measures pass?","I think if they pass, then we're going to be filing lawsuits in every single one of the states where they've been passed - in Oklahoma, in Arizona, in Colorado, in Nebraska, in each and every one of those states - and very much like the march of the Supreme Court that was made by Thurgood Marshall nearly 50 years ago now to get Brown versus Board of Education. We're going to be going to the Supreme Court in saying overturn the new (unintelligible). You can't have an America in which states decide to eliminate the only programs that have brought about successful integration of higher education and of every occupation in this nation.","Now, Ward Connerly said of economic affirmative action was okay so you know, rich and poor but not racial or gender. How do you feel about those distinctions?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A: \"march of the Supreme Court that was made by Thurgood Marshall\" Implicated meaning: The phrase refers to Thurgood Marshall's efforts in the Supreme Court that led to the landmark case of Brown versus Board of Education, implying a historical precedent for taking legal action to challenge discriminatory practices.","questions":"What landmark case is referenced in turn 2?","answer":"Thurgood"}
{"text":["She says, look, we've got to do something some investment on sort of global warming issues, energy, independence issues. Let's use the recession to start creating a green economy.","Now, when you look at someone who is no longer in the race, John Edwards, he was often portrayed by supporters and portrayed himself as someone who was going to make ending poverty the center of his campaign. How would his approach have differed from both Senators Obama and Clinton?","Well, actually it turns out at the end of the day, the Edwards approach is fairly similar to sort of a combination of the Clinton and Obama proposals, and that's not surprising. Because John Edwards was the person who came out with a plan first - I thought it was the best plan - and the other candidates fit in in a lot of issues, actually copied John Edwards. In fact, John Edwards was - has truly been a forcing figure during this election, compelling Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton, both, to be more progressive than they might otherwise have been.","Well, let's talk a little bit about political philosophy. We've talked a bit about trickle-down economics, but then there's also the model of the government getting directly involved. Certainly ending the great depression by creating jobs itself - everything from jobs for writers and artists to road building, infrastructure. That does not seem to be a model that's been followed, certainly not to that extent - in decades. Is that even on the table, the whole prospect of the government actually stepping in and doing job creation itself?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Let's use the recession to start creating a green economy.\" - The literal meaning is that during a recession, the speaker proposes investing in creating a green economy. The actual meaning is that the speaker sees an opportunity to address global warming and energy independence issues by investing in a green economy during a recession, which could create jobs and stimulate economic growth","questions":"Which issues does the speaker propose to address through investment in a green economy during a recession?","answer":"Global,Warming"}
{"text":["Right. Yeah, yeah. Yeah, I will definitely take what the defense gives me.","And, again, the up-tempo scoring machine that Grinnell College is, is that what attracted you?You were originally at another school.","Yeah. Yeah, I was. One of my friends had played basketball here and told me about the system. And my ability to kind of create for myself off the dribble fit perfectly in the system, and I made the right decision.","And this is a kind of funny day on a lot of campuses as they empty out kids going home for Thanksgiving. But I wonder if you had any reaction from your fellow students, from your teammates, from professors?","Yeah. They're all kind of in shock, similar to myself. I don't think reality has really set in yet, although it's starting to."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Grinnell College's up-tempo scoring machine was the deciding factor in A's decision to come here.","questions":"What was the deciding factor for PersonA to come to Grinnell College?","answer":"creativity"}
{"text":["So do you think this would leave us in a better or worse position after these talks?I mean, it's a question whether or not this will actually go anywhere.","Well, it's - I mean, there's always a possibility that you would have the division laid out and follow-up meetings that strengthen that effort, and it goes somewhere productive. And that's what we all hope for. We'd like to see a denuclearized Korean peninsula. But I suspect it will be more of a pronouncement in which the two countries express interest in that direction. And then the details will get bogged down.","Senator Jeff Merkley of Oregon, thank you so much for speaking with us.","You're very welcome. Take care now."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The talks don't move, but they would cause people to have more talks that could cause events to happen.","questions":"How would the talks affect people's actions?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["He hasn't always fallen right in line with Trump by any means. He hasn't always fallen right in line with Trump by any means. He's been critical of Putin over some gas projects that he's been involved in. He's been critical of Putin over some gas projects that he's been involved in. But generally, he has held the Trump line. But generally, he has held the Trump line. So I think this is going to be interesting to go in. So I think this is going to be interesting to go in. He did have that one key moment in the text chain where he came in and clearly stated this was not quid pro quo but then suggested they get offline. He did have that one key moment in the text chain where he came in and clearly stated this was not quid pro quo but then suggested they get offline. So. . . So. . .","Right. Right.","So we'll see what happens once he jumps in there. So we'll see what happens once he jumps in there.","Are people following this in Portland?Are people following this in Portland?I mean, how are they reacting?I mean, how are they reacting?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"fallen right in line with\" implies to agree with. \"held the Trump line\" implies to agree with Trump's position. ","questions":"What was the subject of Putin's criticism?","answer":"Putin's"}
{"text":["You know what else my mother said?You should talk to more people in their 80s because they've looked across the street at death for a decade. And they know what's really important in life.","Your mother was smart. Now, I'm talking as one of the people in the 80s. Nobody wants to hear that you met Harry Truman, you know. Shh.","(Laughing) You didn't meet Harry Truman, did you?","I met Harry Truman. But you know what I mean?Nobody's interested. They want to know you've met Rihanna, and that kills me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Nobody wants to hear that you met Harry Truman\" - this is an expression meaning that people are not interested in hearing about things that happened a long time ago, especially if they are not relevant to their own lives.","questions":"Which historical figure did PersonA meet?","answer":"Truman"}
{"text":["What are you doing to shore up the levees themselves?And are you inviting residents to help?","Really, what we're looking at now is quick response-type actions - things like, you know, sandbags, sand and gravel filters that'll help increase the pressure and keep water from seeping through the structure itself. We've got National Guardsmen that have been mobilized and are on the levee 24 hours a day, along with our engineers. You've got local first responders, police, firemen doing the same.","In terms of the actual community members themselves, we really aren't having members of the public out there, other than the mobilized guardsmen actually helping with the effort. In fact, some of the local officials are really sort of encouraging local residents to stay away from areas that are experiencing any sort of issues with the levees. They want to try to minimize any sort of impacts that may occur for the public at large.","So we've seen reporting about the last time this district saw this kind of flooding. It was back in 1986. I think the levees then had to hold up something like 12 hours. We're way past that now. So how should we be thinking about whether or not these levees are strong enough?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation is urgent and requires immediate action.","questions":"Which type of actions are being taken to address the urgent situation?","answer":"Actions"}
{"text":[". . . The people coming forward on the basis that they were poor young girls who were often troubled families and in, you know, the care of the state.","Mr.  Ramesh, the five men arrested were all from the Pakistani community of Rotherham, and you have written about this, how did that perhaps complicate the situation?","Well, it complicated it because there was a feeling - or at least the report laid bare - this idea that people were afraid to speak out for fear of being called out as racists. Now, that's part of the story. We have a policy here of community cohesion. The government at the time wanted communities to work things out for themselves and have the gentle hand of government sort of prod them into action. But there was this idea that, you know, people couldn't speak out because of this. And unfortunately, that led to the situation - exacerbated a situation where people weren't paying attention anyway.","People were flabbergasted about the allegations about Jimmy Savile a couple of years ago, the longtime BBC host. And I wonder if people in Great Britain are turning to each other now and wondering - not to wrench things out of context - but if there's something going on and the way they behave as the nation that aids and abets a kind culture of silence when such allegations are made."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B: People in Great Britain are turning to each other now and wondering - not to wrench things out of context - but if there's something going on and the way they behave as the nation that aids and abets a kind culture of silence when such allegations are made.","questions":"What is PersonB questioning about the behavior of Great Britain as a nation?","answer":"Culture"}
{"text":["You've been on this beat for a while.","I have, a decade or so.","Any - ever seen anything like it?","Wow. I think this is a story I will tell the grandkids about covering."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : being on this beat for a while implies that someone has been known with a thing or regularly involved in activity ","questions":"How does being on this beat for a while relate to the story PersonA will tell the grandkids about covering?","answer":"Related"}
{"text":["Yeah, they were. They were celebrities in the sense that they were the children of the tycoons and the kind of lords of the Gilded Age, the sort of people who grew up in Newport and Fifth Avenue and had names that resonated for a public that, you know, much like today, they know who has the money, who has the power.","Who was Theodore Roosevelt at the time that he was helping to organize this regiment?","So Theodore Roosevelt was - at the time, he was 38 years old. He had gone through a number of careers. He had been a politician. He had been a rancher. He was a historian. But he felt like life was actually passing him by and that he had not really found that thing that motivated him. And so when the war came along, which is something he advocated for, he knew immediately that he had to not just sit at a desk but actually go out and participate.","So I get that you had heard of the Rough Riders. If you read very much American history, you encounter them because of, well, Theodore Roosevelt, for starters. But what made you think there was more to this story than a few brilliant names?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Children of wealthy tycoons and lords of Gilded Age","questions":"How were the Rough Riders related to the Gilded Age?","answer":"wealthy"}
{"text":["Yeah, it looks absolutely beautiful.","'Cause I've seen this painting - it's enormous. (Laughter) And I'm trying to picture, A, what that's like for people and, B, why you thought it was important for the public to see it as it was happening.","Well, I think there's two factors. And one is that the painting is - it's very large. So you know, removing it from the galleries would also present a certain amount of risk. And the other thing is that it's not really possible at this time to say how long the research or the treatment will actually take. All in all, this is really the best possible scenario to actually treat it in the galleries, where it can be followed by the public. I think the public actually find it fascinating to look behind the scenes.","I'm sure you couldn't have imagined that the painting would have been attacked with a bread knife, and you're doing quite the operation here. So what are some of the challenges and obstacles that, you know, are making you guys nervous?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is implying that the painting is so large that it's difficult to picture how it looks, not that it's physically impossible for A to imagine it. B is also implying that A may have thought it was important for the public to see the painting because of its size, not necessarily because of its significance.","questions":"What is PersonB trying to picture?","answer":"painting"}
{"text":["What is that called again?Just remind me.","It's called \"Pieces Of Her,\" by Karin Slaughter. But if you're waiting for the next book like that that's coming out, the hottest off the press, I would recommend \"Bunny\" by Mona Awad, which is also very funny and very sharp and an extremely readable page-turner, which is coming out in June.","I also think about summer reading as escapism fiction. You know, you want to go to another world or back in time or fantasy novels. What about that?","So for, you know, people who are, like, maybe missing \"Game Of Thrones\". . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"the hottest off the press\" implies the most popular being newly printed.","questions":"What book does PersonA recommend that is also very funny, sharp, and an extremely readable page-turner?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["And so where do we go from here?One of the things that happened after the decree was issued is the stock market plunged.","Well, at this point, we'll have to see. I mean, these huge numbers came out tonight. It's unclear if the president will have a new reaction to this, but in their mind, they have to push forward. They're going to get a constitution out even if it does lack some legitimacy internationally and domestically because of what's happened with these decrees, because of the walkouts that have come out.","And a lot of his political opponents, people that were unable, you know, Mohammed Morsi was elected also very - by a very slim margin of the population. So you're seeing former presidential candidates like Amr Moussa, once the foreign minister here, once the head of the Arab League, Mohamed ElBaradei, the Nobel laureate. Those people are really capitalizing on this real anger towards Mohammed Morsi and possibly rejuvenating their political careers. So we'll really have to see. We're seeing a very divided nation, and many people are very worried about what will happen next.","There is, as you mentioned, it is an Islamist victory in those elections, but it was not just the Muslim Brotherhood. A big fraction of that was Salafis, who are even more extreme."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Mohammed Morsi's political opponents are using the people's anger for their own gain","questions":"How are Morsi's opponents taking advantage of the situation?","answer":"Capitalizing"}
{"text":["Money.","If you go to Moscow today - I'm not talking about the provinces and I'm not talking about provincial cities, but Moscow, the very center of Moscow - is in some ways Riyadh or a kind of oil-rich capital. That's what Russia is today in terms of its economy at the highest levels. The very high elites, which all congregate in downtown Moscow and have their country homes in - outside, have enormous amount of money. The highest concentration of billionaires in any city in the world is in Moscow of all places, and when I lived in Moscow, you could barely buy a potato or an onion or get a box of matches, and this is reflected in the most glamorous state-controlled theater of all, the Bolshoi.","Just to interrupt our conversation for a moment, we are seeing black smoke emerging from the Vatican, which means there was no pope selected in the most recent vote, so onto tomorrow. But in any case, on back to the Bolshoi Ballet.","And, David Remnick, as you look at the influence of all that money, one of the accomplishments of the Bolshoi, you say, is that it has managed to make itself ideologically independent."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Bolshoi Ballet's independence is a notable achievement in a country where money and politics often influence the arts.","questions":"What is a notable achievement of the Bolshoi Ballet in Russia?","answer":"Notable"}
{"text":["Yes, of course. Even other aspects which are today very interesting, for example, pollution or noise reduction, so this was also the interest of Ferdinand Porsche to create an electric car, because there was no admission, there was no noise. Ja.","So why didn't it go into production widespread?","It went into production a few years later. In the year 1900, he further developed the idea of an electrical car with a hybrid system. So in addition to the electrical power supply, he placed two combustion engines in another car, and a few cars were sold as the first hybrid cars in the world in the year 1902.","So why did the combustion engine become predominant in the industry, do you think?","The problem was the weight of the cars. This battery pack weighs around 500 kilograms, so this was almost half the weight of the whole car. And the combustion engines, they were much smaller then. So I think it turned from the electrical engines into the combustion engines. And then they made their way to the successful, still successful, power supplies for the cars of the future."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning of this statement is that it is asking why the combustion engine became the predominant power supply for cars instead of the electric engine.","questions":"Which engine type did Ferdinand Porsche create in the year 1900?","answer":"Hybrid"}
{"text":["He and his commission had better get it organized. Otherwise, the fury Nigerians are feeling today could spill into much worse. So they say the presidential vote and, of course, it wasn't just voting for president - also for governors, also for national assembly, also for the state assembly.","So we'll have the presidential next Saturday in another vote. But some other votes have been postponed till 9 of March. That's after the original second-round vote date of the 2 of March. So the electoral commission has got to get itself sorted out.","NPR's Ofeibea Quist-Arcton, thanks so much.","Always a pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : If the commission doesn't organize things well, there could be violence.","questions":"What could happen if the commission does not organize things well?","answer":"Violence"}
{"text":["Well, it's - the prosecutors are saying that, essentially, they've got easier access to Julian Assange. He's no longer holed up in the Ecuadorian Embassy. He's in custody in the U. K. , so it's more feasible. I mean, they haven't proven him to be guilty or innocent, but the evidence hasn't changed. It wasn't due to a lack of evidence that they decided not to question him. It was pure logistics.","As we mentioned, the U. S.  is trying to extradite him, as is Sweden. Is there a chance that there could be competing claims against him here?","Yeah. The big question is who's going to get the chance to speak to him first?And Swedish prosecutors at their press conference - they basically said, we're going to let the U. K.  decide, but it could well be that it's down to the home secretary in the U. K. , the interior minister, to decide which of the countries he thinks has a more pressing case. Should it be the rape charges, or should it be the hacking classified military secrets in the U. S. ?","And there are also time considerations here. Tell us about the statute of limitations.","Yeah. In Sweden, there's a certain time limit for different kinds of crimes. And for rape, it's 10 years. So there's about a year to go before that statute of limitation limit is reached, which means there really is a time squeeze on authorities."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"a time squeeze on authorities\" implies that there is not a lot of time before that statute of limitation limit is reached, not that time is actually squeezed.","questions":"What does \"a time squeeze on authorities\" imply?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Hi.","So we're going to start off with a letter about a rule known as the 72(t) rule. It comes from Joan Fantasia(ph). She lives here in Los Angeles. She's a retired journalist from the L. A.  Times. She's 53 years old. And she asks, can you explain the 72(t)?There is no way I can hold out until age 59-and-a-half to get my 401(k) money. What's going on here, Michelle?","Well. The 72(t) rule is a rule from the IRS that states that if you have an IRA, an individual retirement account, you can withdraw a fixed amount of money for a minimum of five years or until you're 59-and-a-half, whichever comes last. That's an important point. So, let's say you're just a year into this and you turn 59-and-a-half, you still have to play out that five-year rule. So it's whichever comes last. And basically owners have to still pay ordinary income on the distribution, but you don't have to pay that 10 percent penalty. So, since she's so close, she could utilize this. But you have to be very, very careful about that because if you miscalculate and you don't take enough or you take too much, you're going to be hit with that 10 percent penalty.","Here's a more general question. This comes from Loreen Lynn(ph). And she says, I am a fool with money. Is there a general book or books that cover the basics of finance?What do you recommend, Michelle?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is changing the subject to ask about the 72(t) rule instead of just saying hi.","questions":"What rule is PersonB asking about instead of just saying hi?","answer":"Ask."}
{"text":["And with a big picture on how Americans are voting on this long awaited day. We've got NPR's senior Washington editor, Ron Elving. Hey, Ron.","Hey, good to be with you, Farai.","Well, Senators Obama and John McCain cast their ballots in their home states today. So what kind of turnout are we seeing?","Big. Now we always say the turnout looks like it's heavy, and usually it turns out not to be so great. So take this with a grain of salt, but the anecdotal indicators are that we are seeing a lot of turnout, and let's remember that we've already had a big turnout election just in terms of how many people came out and voted early. More than we've ever seen before and by leaps and bounds. So when we put it all together, I think that most of the experts do expect that we will have at least 130 million American's votes cast this fall either early or today, and that that will be a new record by about eight million."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Big picture means a vast summary , meaning lots of information at once ","questions":"How would you describe the kind of information conveyed by the term \"big picture\"?","answer":"Summary"}
{"text":["I know I'm going to get emails, perhaps you too, from people who say, look, I am an agnostic or an atheist really specifically because I thought organized religion had a hand in racializing in our society and a history with slavery and has not had a good effect on U. S.  history.","Sure. I'm not in any way suggesting in this article that I'm telling people that they need to go to religious services. I do think we know that civic connection more broadly tends to help people weather difficulties in their lives. There are many other ways other than doing it through religious institutions.","It just happens that the church has been probably the most central form of civic engagement that Americans have had. And so when Americans disengage from church, for many of them that essentially becomes de facto disengaging from any civic institution. It's not like they're replacing church with some other form of civic institution that might fill some of that same function.","Peter Beinart of The Atlantic. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  the literal meaning is that the host is thanking the guest for being with them. However, the actual meaning is that the host is ending the interview and thanking the guest for participating.","questions":"How did the host feel about the guest's participation?","answer":"Ending"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me with you.","So, let's start with what exactly they are.","Okay. Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors. They're growth of muscle within the uterine wall. And sometimes they can be the size of a dime, and because of their location, they give you severe symptoms. And rarely, they can get to be the size of a basketball before they're recognized.","That's sounds pretty horrific.","It can be. It's amazing how much difficulty they can give to women that, in general, women can have severe menstrual bleeding - the kind of bleeding that keeps you home from work or keeps you from being able to do your daily activities - or they can press on a lot body structures. And they are very common, and it's surprising that so few women know that they have fibroids and that their symptoms may be related to them.","Now, research shows that about 25 percent of women in America are going to show some symptoms of fibroids, but they occur a lot more often in black women than white women. How much more often and why do scientists think that is?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : Now, research shows that about 25 percent of women in America are going to show some symptoms of fibroids, but they occur a lot more often in black women than white women. How much more often and why do scientists think that is? Implicated meaning: Asking for information about the higher incidence of fibroids in black women and the reasons behind it.","questions":"How much more common are fibroids in black women compared to white women?","answer":"Women"}
{"text":["That's a separate project and the basic premises for Stratolaunch is that there are satellite customers who are really want a lot of flexibility in launch location. So the rocket can be picked up by a giant aircraft and the launch can occur, I think, almost anywhere on Earth. That's the basic idea with Stratolaunch, or that's the premise. But it's independent from our other activities.","So like going back to the '60s with dropping an X-15 out of the belly of a bomber and shooting it up into space.","Right, right. It doesn't result in a cost-savings, but it does result in increased launch life flexibility.","Mm-hmm. And just - while I have you here for a few here for a few seconds, let's talk a bit about Tesla Motors if you don't mind."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Stratolaunch is similar to dropping X-15 out of a bomber in the 60s.","questions":"Which aircraft was used to pick up the rocket for Stratolaunch?","answer":"giant"}
{"text":["Exactly.","OK.  Go on. So after two weeks, what happens?","Well, she defies the ban. And as she was docking in the port, the ship rammed a small police boat that was blocking her - caused some damage, but no injuries. But she was arrested, and she was charged with what prosecutors actually claim was an act of war. Rackete also faces charge of abetting illegal immigration, and the NGO could face a fine of up to $57,000.","What does she say - the captain?Does she say, I was just - I needed to dock the ship?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Go on\" implies to proceed talking, to elaborate on the topic being spoken of","questions":"What does \"Go on\" mean?","answer":"Continue"}
{"text":["Of, you know, as climate change or renewable energy, things like that. The choice is not even offered on the sheet of things that you - that is on your radar screen.","Yeah. Well, this is actually a really important point, is that when you look at - and I'll just come back to media coverage as an example. You know, for most people, this is an issue that's invisible. I mean, you can look out your window right this moment, and there's CO2 pouring out of tailpipes, out of smokestacks, out of buildings, but you can't see it, and likewise you can't see the impacts unless you know where to look. In fact, the only way most Americans even know about this issue is because of what they've learned about it in the media. They're not reading the peer-reviewed literature. They don't know scientists personally. They're learning about it through the media. And when the media doesn't report this issue, it's literally out of sight and out of mind.","Mm-hmm. Is there a difference between the national poll you conducted and registered voters?Do they have different opinions about it?","No. In fact, that's exactly what we did in this study, is that we asked people, are you registered to vote?And we only looked at those Democrats, Republicans and independents who are registered because, obviously, those are the people who will actually walk into the voting booth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The lack of media coverage can make climate change an invisible issue for most Americans.","questions":"Which issue becomes invisible for most Americans due to the lack of media coverage?","answer":"Climate-change"}
{"text":["I think we overstate this, right?I really do. I think we overstate the threat that primaries pose, No. 1, to members. No. 2, what I would suggest is, OK, so what?That's your job. It's comes with the territory, right?And last time I checked, the Constitution wasn't written so that members could win re-election without threat, right?That's not the point.","The whole point - the whole basis of our regime of democratic accountability is so that members are held accountable for the decisions they make in office, not to push those decisions off elsewhere so that they can just keep winning. The only place where our views and our concerns are adjudicated in this wonderful nation of ours is in Congress. It's the only place. And if Congress isn't doing that, then Congress isn't doing its job.","So you seem less concerned that the president is overreaching than that the Congress is sitting on its hands.","I think that is the much bigger concern. The president most certainly it appears to be overreaching, right?I mean, this law has been passed presumably not to do end runs around Congress when the president can't get what he or she wants. So if you want funding, it seems to me, the best way to get it is to actually bargain and haggle and try to - and refuse to sign bills that don't give you that funding."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The threat that primaries pose to members is not overstated","questions":"Which job comes with the territory according to A?","answer":"job"}
{"text":["And actually, when I used to go home at about midday to sleep, everyone was in work still, so it was very quiet. So I liked the fact that I was almost like a bat - you know, vampire bat - coming out purely at night and disappearing when the sun came up.","One of the important qualities in baking that you talk about in this book is the importance of touch.","Yeah. Yeah, absolutely. I mean, in this world of health and safety, I remember - there's a lot of, you know, they try and encourage the bakers to wear gloves - rubber gloves when you're kneading bread. I mean, what?","I mean, this is one of the oldest traditions in the world. And to get bakers to wrap up their hands so they can't feel the dough - it's that touch, which you cannot teach - it's something you have to practice, practice, practice and get used to. And once you have that touch, you can make anything because it's all about consistency - baking - whether it's consistency in a sponge, in a great pastry or, indeed, a good bread."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker enjoyed the solitude of working at night, as it made them feel like a vampire who only came out when it was dark and disappeared again when the sun rose.","questions":"Which animal did the speaker compare themselves to when describing their work hours?","answer":"Vampire"}
{"text":["That's fantastic. As you looked around, though, people might say, don't your teammates get a little jealous?Might they want to take a shot every once in a while?","Yeah. I mean, it was really cool. My shots were falling in the first half, and they kept feeding me the ball. And at half-time, I had 58 points and my teammates were more ecstatic. And they were so happy for me, and they said they were going to keep feeding me the ball. And so I couldn't ask for better teammates, how unselfish and willing they were to continue to give me the ball. And after the game, they were just as happy, if not more happy, than I was that a record was broken.","I wanted to read you a quote. You may have seen it already from Kobe Bryant who said, \"That's crazy, man. I don't care what level you're at. Scoring 138 points is pretty insane. He added, \"he must have been wearing the Mambas. Only the Mambas can have no conscience to shoot the ball that much. \"The Mambas, as you know I'm sure, is the name of Kobe Bryant's shoe.","Yeah. Yeah. Kobe's - he was my favorite player growing up. So to hear him talk about my game was pretty cool.","No conscience though?Is that - that's the scorer's mentality?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Teammates were not jealous, and were happy for the speaker breaking the record.","questions":"How were the PersonA's teammates feeling about the speaker breaking the record?","answer":"Happy."}
{"text":["Thank you.","What's your concern?Why did you write this letter?","America is an exceptional country, the best in the world. But we have our blind spots. And in our history, you'll see discrimination against Asian-Americans. We've had the Chinese Exclusion Act, Alien Land Laws and then, in World War II, we interned over 100,000 Americans who happened to be of Japanese descent. And recently, we have a number of Asian-Americans that have been arrested - indicted for alleged spying - and then having all those charges dropped. And this is a long history of discrimination. We want to make sure that this does not keep recurring.","Of course, as I don't have to tell you, it is a fact that Chinese hackers have been accused of stealing intellectual property from U. S.  businesses and breaching U. S.  government systems. That's a concern for you, too?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : America is an exceptional country, the best in the world. But we have our blind spots. And in our history, you'll see discrimination against Asian-Americans. We've had the Chinese Exclusion Act, Alien Land Laws and then, in World War II, we interned over 100,000 Americans who happened to be of Japanese descent. And recently, we have a number of Asian-Americans that have been arrested - indicted for alleged spying - and then having all those charges dropped. And this is a long history of discrimination. We want to make sure that this does not keep recurring.  In this turn, the actual meaning goes beyond the literal meaning of describing the history of discrimination against Asian-Americans in the United States. It implies a desire for awareness, acknowledgment, and action to prevent such discrimination from happening again in the future.","questions":"How does turn 2 imply a desire for change?","answer":"Awareness"}
{"text":["I've got to ask you a high hard one, as they call it in baseball, Monsignor. Can you understand if a number of faithful Catholics stand up during Mass tomorrow and tell their priest, look; I'm sorry, father, but what moral authority do you or does the church have to tell me anything when it's hurt so many people who loved it and concealed those crimes for decades?","You know, I certainly understand it. That was what Cardinal Cupich said, actually. He said that if the church doesn't get this right, its moral authority is shot. And so why we're having a global summit on an issue that the church says this is in the front burner and we - they don't do global summits on anything. So the church is trying to say, yeah, this is important, and if we don't get this right, it's over.","Are you concerned the church is going to lose its moral authority over this issue or has already lost its moral authority?","Well, I'm sure it has. It has with many people. There's no question about it. And right - and I think the church has a responsibility, say, to clean up its own act before it tells other people how to act. I totally agree with that.","Monsignor Stephen Rossetti of the Catholic University of America, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The church is in danger of losing its moral authority.","questions":"How is the church's moral authority at risk?","answer":"Risk"}
{"text":["And what did the colleges say - the ones that were offering you these football scholarships?Did you talk to them about the possibility of head injuries?And what was their response?","Well, some of the coaches kind of - they kind of shrugged it off. They said, we've only had a couple concussions with our guys over the past years, and we have new helmets and pads that prevent these injuries, and - just trying to kind of downplay it a little bit, you know?","So you've now decided to play basketball, I read. Did you know that basketball was going to give you the same opportunities?","No, I didn't, actually. You know, I thought - you know, it was a possibility. We were kind of going into it blind, hoping we could - you know, my family and I, when I say we - we could get some money."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Task Don't just paraphase the words! Find the implicated meaning! We don't want answers like: to be silent means stay quiet and not making noise, bad answer!  Please read the examples above carefully!      (1)\tA:\tThat's right.She's protesting and enlisting the support of past Republican nominees and other leaders on her behalf.But the threshold was finishing top three in Iowa or pulling in the top six in New Hampshire or top six nationally.And she fell short in all those metrics. (2)\tB:\tWhat do you foresee tonight? (3)\tA:\tIn a sense, there are still two tiers.You've got Donald Trump and Ted Cruz at the top.And then the three remaining governors, Jeb Bush, Chris Christie and John Kasich, all chasing the fastest-rising star of the field, Marco Rubio.Now, Ben Carson will be there - maybe something of an afterthought, although it will be interesting to see if he calls out Ted Cruz for Cruz's campaign telling people that Carson was dropping out on Monday just before the caucuses began.There's been a bit of a controversy over that.And Trump has said that it taints Cruz's victory there. (4)\tB:\tThe downside to getting more attention, like Marco Rubio, is more criticism.And he seems to get more direct criticism from his opponents as he rises in the polls.  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1)  (2)  (3)  (4)","questions":"How many metrics did she fall short in?","answer":"All"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So, first off, what is criminalistics?","Criminalistics is the application of the physical sciences to matters of law and science. The physical sciences being biology, chemistry and physics, and any question that might become of interest to not only law enforcement but the legal system in general, whether it's criminal or civil law. Questions of science can be answered and aid in the assignment of responsibility and guilt or innocence in certain types of situations.","Duane, why don't you describe to us some of the work that you did with actual cases when you were at the California Department of Justice?I mean, what was your job, literally and physically?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  you imply that something is the case","questions":"What did PersonB ask about criminalistics?","answer":"criminalistics"}
{"text":["So this new leader - when he took over, what kind of things did he change?","He upped all the stakes, really. He decided that the Brethren were not being hardline enough, that they weren't being separate enough. And he enforced the rule that if you had a teenager in your house who had been raised in the Brethren but was not yet breaking bread - i. e. , fully compliant - you couldn't eat with them. You couldn't eat with non-Brethren outside. You couldn't go to the cinema or have radios or television or newspapers.","So effectively, he not only separated off the Brethren from all contact with the outside world - you know, they might have been able before to have worked for non-Brethren. Now they had to work for other Brethren. And there was a great deal more compliance and surveillance as well. There's a lot of mass confessions. There are a lot of punishments for noncompliant behavior.","Now, you mention you were born into it. And your father wasn't just part of it. He was a high-ranking leader. How high did his influence go?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  the speaker is not talking about physical separation but rather a more metaphorical one in which the Brethren are cut off from the outside world in terms of their beliefs and practices. The mention of working only for other Brethren and mass confessions also indicate a more metaphorical level of control and surveillance.","questions":"What kind of control is implied in the PersonA's description of the new leader's changes?","answer":"Mass."}
{"text":["From NPR News, this is News & Notes. I'm Farai Chideya.","It's Uncle Sam to the rescue, but what is the long-term fallout for your mortgage or your community?We're talking about an unprecedented takeover. The federal government has seized the reigns of mortgage giants Freddy Mac and Fannie Mae. Together the companies hold nearly half of the country's mortgages. And here to break down the bailout and other economic news we've got Keith Reed. He's a business reporter for the Cincinnati Enquirer, and he blogs for BET's finance page, Dollar Out Of 15 Cents. Keith, how are you?","How you doing, Farai?","Good. Now give me a really quick hit on what these two entities are and how they've worked with the government until now?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The federal government has taken control of mortgage companies Freddy Mac and Fannie Mae","questions":"Which two companies did the federal government take control of?","answer":"FreddyMac"}
{"text":["Are there any good reasons to use this?","There is a separate group here working on storing data in DNA. It turns out that DNA is really robust for long-term storage, whereas, you know, hard drives may die after a few years. You can conceivably store data in DNA for hundreds or thousands of years. And as long as life continues to be based on DNA, we'll always have a reason to read and write DNA. So it's sort of a technology that won't go obsolete.","So, I mean, we underscored the aspect of some kind of mischief or outright miscreants. But I wonder, you know, a few years from now, instead of having hard drives or storage systems, will people just carry around that information in themselves, in their DNA?","I'm not sure that people will carry around that information within them. But I do believe people will start using DNA for sort of long-term storage. So accessing data from DNA and putting data into DNA is a pretty slow process. And so you'll want to, you know, archive photos in there and things like that. But you won't want to use it for your day-to-day tasks, at least not for the foreseeable future."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: DNA may not be suitable for carrying out everyday tasks due to its slow processing speed.","questions":"What is the reason for not using DNPersonA for day-to-day tasks?","answer":"Day-to-day"}
{"text":["Do drones offer the appearance of risk-free combat?","Well, inside our business, Scott, they don't. There's nothing risk-free about anything we do. And when you're talking about decisions that may affect life and death, I think we take this very seriously. There is nothing in this enterprise that discounts the value of life on the ground - all life, by the way - friendly life, enemy life and then, of course, civilian non-combatant life and property. It's something that is very deeply ingrained in our folks as they go through training.","But to press you a bit on this, General, I wonder - does drone warfare offer, to some Americans, the appearance of being able to strike militarily almost anywhere in the world and not have to worry about suffering casualties and consequence?","Yeah, it's one of the reasons that we don't like the term drone warfare, Scott, the - because drone does imply a level of autonomy that is not the case. It does imply a lack of thinking and a lack of human involvement. A primary reason we call them remotely piloted aircraft is because there is somebody flying them. There is somebody in that decision loop. In fact, there are lots of somebodies in it who are adding the human judgments that we think are critical when you're in the business of life and death."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"appearance of risk-free combat\": the literal meaning of this phrase is that combat conducted by drones looks like it is without any risk; however, the actual meaning is that some people may perceive drone warfare as having fewer risks than traditional warfare, but it does not mean that it is entirely risk-free.","questions":"What is the reason for calling drones \"remotely piloted aircraft\"?","answer":"Human"}
{"text":[". . . it climbs up the string you put out for it.","Yeah, yeah, yeah. So they - just for a little anatomy, a little review of that. The cucumber has the plant part, but then it also has these climbing appendages. And when it's growing, it sorts of swings them around, grabs on to a support. And when it does that, something changes in that tendril, and it starts to curl. And that is exactly what physicist Sharon Gerbode in Harvey Mudd College and biologist Joshua Puzey at Harvard and some colleagues looked at and published this week in the journal, Science.","Why does that cucumber tendril curl?And, you know, you might be thinking, well, whatever. But Charles Darwin was interested in this question, you know.","Yeah, yeah. It's an old question. You know, if you grow stuff, you know that the stuff, you know, goes out and curls around things."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The cucumber has climbing appendages, not climbing strings.","questions":"How does the cucumber climb?","answer":"Appendages"}
{"text":["Well, first of all, you have to question your decision as to whether or not you're at the end of the road. You're in the road if somebody's hitting on you, no doubt about it, you're at the end of the road. But you have to really question, am I at the end of the road?Or am I just at the beginning of a road where I need help. You need to go to a marriage counselor to make sure that decision needs to be made.","In this current economic situation where houses have lost value, I mean, it's unique in that sense, sometimes, and that's usually the biggest asset that anybody has, that has, and there's been a study done on it recently, compelled people who would otherwise divorce to stay together. So once you have, made a decision that economically, it is not feasible, you have to make it emotionally reasonable, and you have to do something to address the emotional issues that you have because you simply cannot get out.","If you just had one sentence of advice for someone who really does think that they've reached the end of the road, but the other person in the relationship says no, we haven't. What would you say to that person?","Go to a marriage counselor. Go to a third party and work it because you don't know where it went wrong, probably."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Same \"road\" metaphor is repeated. End of the road means the marriage needs to end.","questions":"What is the significance of the \"road\" metaphor in the dialogue?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":["President George W.  Bush's book of portraits of more than 60 soldiers, sailors, airmen and Marines who served in wars under his watch was published this week - \"Portraits Of Courage: A Commander In Chief's Tribute to America's Warriors. \"President Bush has done a number of interviews in recent days talking about how he took up painting after leaving office and how he came to paint portraits of men and women that he sent in to war. We're joined by one of the president's subjects now. They call each other friends. Michael Rodriguez was a U. S.  Army Special Forces Green Beret who served from 1992 to 2013 in Latin America, Somalia, Haiti, two tours in Afghanistan, nine deployments in 21 years. Michael Rodriguez joins us now from his home near Fort Bragg, N. C. Thanks so much for being with us.","Oh, thank you for having me.","What do you think of your portrait?","Oh, wow. I'm, you know, I'm blown away that my former commander in chief would actually take the time to paint those that served under him. And I'm humbled that he selected me as one of them. I think it's a pretty good representation of me. I couldn't - I'm still kind of processing the whole thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : is asking what the subject thinks of the portrait painted of him, but the implied meaning is asking what the subject thinks of President Bush's gesture of honoring those that served under him by painting their portraits.","questions":"What impressed the subject about President Bush's tribute to America's warriors?","answer":"Honoring"}
{"text":["The incident that I wrote about in the column, I remember it because it was so rare. You know, you'll see some passengers looking at other passengers in perhaps a rude manner - like if you see someone wearing a niqab and other passengers are sort of gaping at them rudely. That happens. But for a passenger to say, this person is suspicious - and, you know, it may be for racist or Islamophobic reasons - it's extremely rare.","Do you recall any stories?","What happened was we were flying from south Florida to JFK. And a middle-aged white women leaned forward, and she whispered to me. She said, there is a man four people behind me in a green shirt, and he is very suspicious. And I immediately thought, this woman might be racist; I also need to take her seriously. So I asked her, what is he doing?Can you describe for me what about him is suspicious?And she just said, you'll see. And so I thought, OK, well then, I must be able to see something. When he came down, he just seemed completely normal. He was not jittery in any way. He was not looking around suspiciously. His clothing was normal. The green shirt was a Green Bay Packers shirt. It was football season. And. . .","As a Bears fan, I would also immediately pick on the Green Bay Packers fan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - The speaker is suggesting that they should take the green shirt as a possible sign of suspicion, despite the fact that it was football season and the man was wearing a Green Bay Packers shirt.","questions":"What color was the man's shirt?","answer":"Green"}
{"text":["In the meantime, what does this mean for the elections in Afghanistan?","It certainly doesn't say anything good. The government, you know, keeps saying that it's planning to protect the polls, that it will protect the polls, that it's sending out - I think, 70,000 defense security personnel will be deployed across the country to protect the polls. But it's also said that it's going to have to shut down - almost a third of polling places that were used in previous elections will not be open because they don't feel they can protect them. So that's a pretty strong admission of the limited ability of defense forces. So this has been a violent season, and I don't think anybody expects it to become less so.","That's Pamela Constable of The Washington Post. She spoke to us from Kabul.","Thank you so much for sharing your reporting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It doesn't actually speak, but it it does mean that nothing good comes from the information.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the government's ability to protect polling places in Afghanistan?","answer":"Limited"}
{"text":["I actually haven't done the calculation, but if you can separate the light of the planet from the star, then you can do spectroscopy on it. And so you can look for the biomarkers of CO2 and methane and water and those kinds of gases, and that will tell you whether there's processes going on that generate oxygen and such, which tells a lot about whether there's biology going on on the planet.","This has been described as an unexpected discovery. Why was it so surprising?","Well it was because we weren't particularly looking for planets. Based on the work we did on 40307, we realized that the activity of the star is masking a lot of the potential planet signals. So that sort of clued the lead author, Mikko, into developing a technique that can more carefully and more accurately model the activity due to spots and flares on the surface of the star.","And it - so what we decided to do then, since we didn't know anything about star activity, was to pick a star that had lots of observations, thousands of observations from multiple groups, but didn't have any known planets around it, figuring we would just be studying only the activity. And when we learned how to model that activity and removed it from the analysis, out popped five planets very unexpectedly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Planets didn't actually \"pop pout.\" This merely implies that the analysis surprisingly revealed five planets that fit their research.","questions":"How many planets were unexpectedly revealed during the analysis?","answer":"Five"}
{"text":["Yes, it is very hard to imagine how it could've been better this past week for Hillary Clinton. She won four of the last five primary states. Then you had the double embrace by President Obama and Elizabeth Warren, which goes a long way toward healing the party after a long nomination fight. And yeah, these had to be the best moments for Hillary Clinton since that first debate last fall and her all-day performance before the House committee investigating Benghazi.","And how much value is the president's endorsement, which did come pretty quickly?","It's absolutely essential as a starting point if you're in the president's party. But as such, it's pretty much a given. So the real question is the degree of enthusiasm and effort that the president's going to put in and how popular the president himself might be. Those kinds of things are often missing or just negative for a nominee. There's a strange relationship, as there was with George W.  Bush and John McCain, or just a tepid one - say, like Bill Clinton and Al Gore. Obama, by contrast, shows every sign of being a dynamo for Hillary Clinton, and that's actually highly unusual. In fact, it's hard to think of a president who's been both popular enough and willing and also able to campaign aggressively for his successor in the last century or so.","Any doubt that when the dust clears Bernie Sanders is supporting Hillary Clinton?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : election is over. The implied meaning, however, is that Bernie Sanders should support Hillary Clinton and there should be no doubt about it.The literal meaning of this statement is asking if there is any doubt that Bernie Sanders will support Hillary Clinton when the","questions":"What is the implied message about Bernie Sanders' support for Hillary Clinton after the election?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["I don't want to give away how your story seems to resolve itself toward the end, but I think a lot of people would ask you why do you even talk to your mother now?Why do you care what she thinks?","Oh, my God. I love my mother to death, and I'm a writer and I'm a black, American writer, and I would not be a writer, a reader or teacher had my mother not loved me enough to instill a practice at an early age. And this book, in some way, is like her investment coming full circle. She really believes that reading and writing can save us. And I don't know if that's true, but I know I'm a writer. I know I'm an American reader, and I wanted to use my words to try to talk to her and try to tell her that we can be better. We can be better if we give ourselves a chance to walk honestly together. And that's what I tried to do with this book.","Kiese Laymon - his book, \"Heavy: An American Memoir\" - thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you so much for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : give away in this context means to tell someone something without much warning, usually a secret ","questions":"How would you describe the type of information that PersonB didn't want to reveal in turn 0?","answer":"Reveal"}
{"text":[". . . Hitler, basically.","Absolutely. Yes, yes. But they were given - at one point, they were given little medals - the sort of civilian Iron Cross, which they would wear beneath their lapel. And they wore it to conceal beneath their lapel so that when the Germans invaded, they could just turn the lapel and quietly show the invading German army that they were actually sympathizers.","But there was a great, though, deal of ugliness revealed. I mean, what's really nice in the book - these transcriptions that Juliet does - they're printed in 1940s typeface. You can see them as you might have really read them. And though the conversations are sometimes quite boring and sometimes illuminates what they're trying to do - but they're shot through with this virulent hatred of Jews.","It's side by side with this really kind of tedium of their conversations. And then you suddenly - you're almost lulled into not hearing what they're saying. And then you suddenly realize that this hatred is simmering away beneath in their breasts. And they're not - they really could be your neighbor. And I think that's a frightening thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : I do not think that the ugliness mentioned is meant to be literal but metaphorical. ","questions":"Which typeface?","answer":"Typeface"}
{"text":["Well, there's no doubt about that. So the near-Earth asteroids number about 500,000, but we only know of 9,000. And the reason that they're so interesting, Ira, is because they are actually energetically easier to reach than the surface of the moon. So we've been to the moon many times, and the moon is a great place, which is very worthy of our exploration. But just to give you an idea of how close some of the asteroids are, they're easier to reach than our own moon.","Yeah.","So they're not way out there in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. These are. . .","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn \"Yeah\" in this context implies agreement with the previous statement, understanding, and interest in the topic, which is different from its literal meaning.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Agreement"}
{"text":["And, of course, we have bioenergy here, too, and the debates about things like corn ethanol. That's another big contentious issue here in the Midwest. And one where, again, middle grounds might have to be found between groups that are in very different poles on that issue.","And what do you think is the most promising - again, the symbolic areas, those are always going to be difficult. But are there other conversations that could be had that, as you say, skirt the ideology?","Well, it's very interesting. Regardless of, you know, how you think of him politically, the Obama administration has actually done more, may be by accident - or may be on purpose - to think about, to take on climate change than all previous administrations, really, combined. Our CO2 emissions in the United States have gone down pretty dramatically in the last few years, partly because of the recession, of course, but partly because people are retooling and getting more efficient.","The American car fleet is getting lot more efficient. We finally got those CAFE standards going up again, which is fantastic, after about 30 years of going nowhere. And maybe that's a benefit of bailing out Detroit. We could work with them to make cars more efficient, the cars Americans want to buy. We've also - the fracking, moving away from coals, where it's natural gas, has helped a lot, although we have to watch the other aspects of fracking. And also, renewables are beginning to make a bigger and bigger dent in the American electricity supply and other energy supplies."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Obama administration has made efforts to combat climate change","questions":"Which administration has taken on climate change more than all previous administrations combined?","answer":"Obama"}
{"text":["Anil Kashyap is a professor of economics at the famed school of economics at the University of Chicago. Professor, welcome to Day to Day. What do you think about this news, the government is buying into the banks?","I think it's a much better solution than the possibility of just buying up troubled assets. The reason I say that is because the credit markets are frozen right now because banks are essentially unwilling to lend to each other. And that's what's putting the economy at risk for a recession. For that to become unhinged, and for the credit markets to start working again, banks need to become confident that, if they do lend to another bank, they're going to get their money bank.","But, professor, isn't the government buying the banks?Isn't this kind of like the first step to nationalization or some kind of partial nationalization of the banks?Isn't the University of Chicago, I don't know, blowing up?","Well, I don't know. Milton Friedman taught us that policy incompetence in the Great Depression was one of the things that exacerbated the Great Depression. And sitting by and letting the banking system grind to the ground is certainly not in the national interest. At this point, if the choice is, let the banking system implode or use some government money in an intelligent way to prop up the banking system, I think almost all responsible economists here or elsewhere would choose the latter."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Using government money to prop up the banking system is better than letting it implode.","questions":"Which system needs to be propped up?","answer":"Banking."}
{"text":["Can you give a practical example of that?","So companies like Starbucks. Starbucks was the place people went. It was the third place, not home and not the office. Can they rekindle that connection people have between Starbucks and their lives?","So how do you build an emotional connection with Starbucks, especially at a time where people are saying, 3. 75 for a latte?No thank you.","Yeah. The key word here is the experience. What are the experiences that you render to people as they go about their day?And those experiences can be online. Those experiences can be offline. They can be - how do you live and emote with a company like Starbucks or with a company like Microsoft or with a small company, with a product that you might buy -an ice cream that you might like."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This statement implies that people saw Starbucks as a place to go to that was distinct from their home or workplace but A was wondering whether Starbucks can recapture that emotional connection with consumers.","questions":"Which company was mentioned in the dialogue as an example of a place people went to that was distinct from their home or workplace?","answer":"Starbucks"}
{"text":["Passe blanc - it's a phrase well-known in color-conscious corners of the black community. American literature is chock full of stories of light-skinned black folks passing for white. But, whites passing for black?That's a phenomena not so well mapped. History has provided us with examples of white entertainers in black face, and white artist performing black music form from R&B to rap. But, whites who have actually sought to become blacks, some of them successfully, is the subject of a new and fascinating book by Baz Dreisinger, excuse me. It's called \"Near Black: White to Black, Passing in American Culture. \"Baz, welcome to News &Notes.","Thanks for having me.","You call whites passing as blacks \"white passers. \"Central to this notion of white passing is proximity as you say in the book, let's talk about what you mean. Is that like blackness rubbing off on people?","It is, really. It starts in the 19th century as a kind of anxiety about black becoming closer to white, sometimes physically, sometimes metaphorically with the end of slavery, and it transforms into this notion that somehow, proximity to blackness has a kind of contagious character. And contagion is a metaphor that's used quite often in the narratives, and in the discourse surrounding white people passing for black, that the idea that being close can somehow transform one's racial identity."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The culture and character of black people can be obtained from them if you get too close ","questions":"How is proximity to blackness described in the narratives surrounding white people passing for black?","answer":"Contagious"}
{"text":["And they would need 60 votes to do that bill, which means they would need at least eight Democrats and probably more to come on board to essentially re-pass some form of health care legislation to offer insurance to people on the individual market. I think realistic people in this debate on both sides of the equation say that is the most unrealistic option at this stage.","Do you hear any concern from Republican leaders or individual Republican legislators about the public opinion polls that suggest that the Republican health care proposals are extravagantly unpopular, less than 20 percent?","They are fully aware of how unpopular this legislation is. But I will tell you, Scott, every single conversation I have had with a Republican lawmaker on Capitol Hill is they say not doing anything on health care - letting this bill fail - is the worst possible political outcome because it is the singular thing that they have all campaigned on. It is the reason why they believe they have congressional majorities in the White House. And to fail on that would completely deflate the Republican base and structurally weaken the party going into the midterm elections.","But Mitch McConnell at the same time can't pull some Democrats over with a plan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Is there any worry among Republican leaders and legislators about the low approval ratings of the Republican health care proposals?","questions":"What percentage of public opinion polls suggest that Republican health care proposals are unpopular?","answer":"Less"}
{"text":["Yeah. You know what I mean?It's difficult, especially when sisters - and often in the conversation it is said that, you know, you hear a lot about black women being narcissistic or black women being gold diggers. And when you talk to young brothers, they say that a lot. That conversation comes up. That happens. And then when you talk to black women who are accomplished, they're saying, I can't find a brother. I date outside my race because I can't find a brother willing to deal with me on my level. And everybody starts to become a little bit accusatory. You know, sisters are gold diggers, that's why they won't go out with a guy that's not a doctor as well. And you know, brothers are, you know. . .","Right.","Have too many options.","Well, Judge Toler, you know what?This could go on for a lot longer, but we have to break off. I think we're going to have to pick this up. What do you think?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Right implies being correct or true and not the opposite of left ","questions":"How does PersonB respond to PersonA's statement about black women and men in relationships?","answer":"Agree"}
{"text":["And what they're suggesting is that you can lose spin from the Earth-moon system and transfer it to the sun-Earth system. And it's a very complex calculation. I mean, it's not just trivial that it took 30, 40 years to figure this out. But once that is on the table, and you say hey, I can start with an Earth that's spinning with a period of two hours, now you have an Earth, that if you were to look at this - and you can download the simulations from Science magazine - and you can see that - or from Harvard - and you can see that this Earth looks kind of like a muffin.","It's spinning so fast, it's got kind of a two-to-one axis ratio. And so their solution is hey, I can make the moon out of Earth's mantle, I'll just sort of hit it with a tiny projectile - you know, not tiny but much smaller than we thought previously - so Theia becomes smaller.","And you hit it, and off of the equator of this rapidly spinning muffin comes this stuff, and it's mostly Earth's mantle.","Little muffin that becomes the moon."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The moon was formed from the Earth's mantle.","questions":"How was the moon formed?","answer":"Mantle"}
{"text":["Well - so these agents actually do, from my experience, from my research, find themselves connected with the people that they encounter. But for many of them, this job is not necessarily about stopping immigration. This isn't about their dedication to immigration law or their dedication to keeping migrants from crossing the border illicitly or anything like that. This is about economic self-interest. This is about survival.","Because a lot of the Border Patrol agents are recruited from the border areas, and many of the border areas are very economically depressed.","Yeah, exactly. And so we might look at this - and that's, I think, what's so tragic about this kind of broader story, is that the stories of the Latinos who enter immigration law enforcement parallel so strongly the stories of the men and women who are trying to come to this country and willing to do anything to get here in order to provide for their own families.","But Border Patrol is there to enforce the United States' borders, which is important for any country. Borders are places where lots of things happen - some of it criminal. How would you enforce a border then?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"and willing to do anything to get here\" implies \"are desperately trying to get here\".","questions":"Which parallel stories are mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"implies"}
{"text":["Before summer slips away, North Country Public Radio's Brian Mann decided to take a day off from work for one last hot-weather canoe trip in upstate New York. With his wife Susan, Brian paddled and trekked through the Ausable Marshes in the Champlain Valley. He sent back this audio postcard.","We've just set out into the Ausable Marshes, this gorgeous delta of marshlands and ox-bows that form here between the Ausable River and Lake Champlain. Already, just a few paddle strokes from the road, it's green and humid.","B.  MANN: The forest along the river is lush with birds. A kingfisher loops from bank to bank. It feels sort of tropical and up in the bow of the canoe, Susan strips down to her swimsuit.","This paddling reminded me of the Louisiana bayou. Not quite as hot."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Manns were looking forward to a relaxing and enjoyable day out in the nature.","questions":"How were the Manns anticipating their day out?","answer":"Enjoyable"}
{"text":["In the meantime, what does this mean for the elections in Afghanistan?","It certainly doesn't say anything good. The government, you know, keeps saying that it's planning to protect the polls, that it will protect the polls, that it's sending out - I think, 70,000 defense security personnel will be deployed across the country to protect the polls. But it's also said that it's going to have to shut down - almost a third of polling places that were used in previous elections will not be open because they don't feel they can protect them. So that's a pretty strong admission of the limited ability of defense forces. So this has been a violent season, and I don't think anybody expects it to become less so.","That's Pamela Constable of The Washington Post. She spoke to us from Kabul.","Thank you so much for sharing your reporting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It doesn't actually speak, but it it does mean that nothing good comes from the information.","questions":"What is the implication of the information discussed on the elections in Afghanistan?","answer":"Admissions"}
{"text":["And so you thought, wow. I never thought about how terrible that might - to be on that boat with all those creatures for so long.","Yeah. It seemed like a totally terrifying prospect to me to not only know that you had to keep them alive because you were the only reason life would continue post-flood but then also that they were dangerous. And they - you know, even if you go to a farm that's lovely, it still smells or petting zoos or all these things I was doing with my young son. I was like, wow. This smells. And we're, like, out in the open. Imagine on a boat (laughter). And I'm really interested in biology and bodies and, you know, as much as we are shedding and getting oily, like, so are the animals. And - but she has to not only take care of herself but take care of all of them and their super varied needs.","Well, you mentioned bodies. And that's the perfect segue way to the fact that there's, actually, a fair amount of what I would call erotica in this book.","Sure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : none","questions":"How did PersonB transition from talking about the animals on the boat to the topic of erotica in the book?","answer":"bodies"}
{"text":["This strikes me as a bit like saying, well, we don't want to stigmatize people on food stamps, so we're going to give food stamps to wealthy people so they also will buy their groceries for food stamps. This is an astonishing thing. This is the ultimate in corporate welfare.","Big banks like JP Morgan Chase and Bank of America essentially were forced by the Fed or very much had their arms twisted by the Fed and the Treasury to take $25 billion. Some somewhat smaller banks had to take 20 billion. So a lot of this money was just an enormous sum to be given to these big institutions.","Let me ask, why did they agree if they think they didn't need it?","Well, I think essentially - well, when you're dealing with Uncle Sam, you essentially are given an offer you can't refuse. OK, well, you don't want to take this money if you don't want to, but good luck next time you want anything from us. And I think that they were - essentially were coerced into taking this money."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Big banks were forced to take the money from the Fed and the Treasury.","questions":"How much money did the big banks have to take from the Fed and the Treasury?","answer":"billions"}
{"text":["Why does the American Civil Liberties Union defend the rights of Nazis?Membership and donations have boomed since the 2016 election, as the ACLU has taken on a number of high-profile cases challenging Trump administration policies on immigration, deportation and voter suppression. But some supporters of the organization have questioned the ACLU's defense of the free-speech rights of hate groups, especially following their defense of white nationalist rally at Emancipation Park in Charlottesville a couple of weeks ago, when Heather Heyer was killed. A board member of the ACLU's Virginia affiliate resigned, tweeting - what's legal and what's right are sometimes different. I won't be a fig leaf for Nazis.","We're joined now by the national executive director of the ACLU, Anthony Romero. Mr.  Romero, thanks so much for being with us.","It's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you for having me.","Is the ACLU a fig leaf for Nazis?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone ","questions":"Which verb does turn 2 suggest is not related to owning someone?","answer":"Engaging"}
{"text":["I did want to ask about your take on U. S.  policy in northeast Syria because back in January, you wrote on your website that it's working. You said that the U. S.  has helped defeat ISIS and prevent its resurgence, and it's done so not solely through direct military engagement, but by assisting a partner force. And I wanted to ask if you think that this assistance is sufficient to keep the threat of an ISIS resurgence in check.","It is sufficient as a foundation because what you see now is local folks holding local towns and working their best to keep them safe. But it is an international problem that requires international investment to help people have water and power and schools that run. And they merit our investment.","That was writer Gayle Tzemach Lemmon, who just returned from a reporting trip in Syria. Gayle, thanks so much for talking to us once again.","Pleasure to join you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : International investment is necessary to maintain the success against ISIS","questions":"What is required to maintain the success against ISIS?","answer":"Investment"}
{"text":["No, that felt great. Did it make up?I can't go back to my life pre-June 1, 2017, where I'm getting smeared. And as a Muslim, being attacked with the worst anti-Muslim trope you can say is that I'm a Muslim and I'm a terrorist. So it was very painful. It was painful to have friends and family express concerns. It was painful to contact security at Daily Beast and my radio channel to say, hey, we might be visited by white supremacists coming to kill me. And they might kill innocent people I work with. That was all horrible.","But through this all, I've never once questioned doing this. This is the right thing to do. It's the thing we have to do. And I'm happy we got the judgment. And we're going to continue. And I hope it inspires others and gives them a roadmap to say, don't be silent. There are lawyers who will represent you - I'm not kidding - free of charge for this kind of work to make it clear that we're not going to cower from these people. We're going to sue them. We're going to win. We're going to get their money.","That's Dean Obeidallah. He's the host of \"The Dean Obeidallah Show\" on Sirius XM. He's a columnist for The Daily Beast. And he's a comedian and a former lawyer. Dean, thanks so much for talking to us.","Thanks for having me on, Michel. I appreciate it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's important to stand up to hate and bigotry by taking legal action.","questions":"Which host of \"The Dean Obeidallah Show\" on Sirius XM is a former lawyer and a comedian?","answer":"Dean"}
{"text":["Yes. William Jefferson, going for his 10th term in the New Orleans district, was defeated by Anh Joseph Cao - that's spelled C-A-O - who will become the first Vietnamese American to serve in Congress. He's a Republican. He's a lawyer, very little known about him, very little campaigning done.","He is, in a sense, a kind of accidental winner here. What happened was that they had several phases of this election to winnow down an enormous Democratic field. Out of that big field, William Jefferson still emerged the favorite of the Democrats. This is a very heavily African-American district, at least historically. And he emerged as the Democratic nominee, Joe Cao as the Republican.","And here in the end, in a terribly small turnout on Saturday, in a turnout where visually, it appeared that the African-American community was very under represented, very small turnout, maybe one in 10. In that situation and with a lot, also, of the black constituents there voting for the Republican, Billy Jefferson was narrowly defeated, and we have a new congressman from New Orleans, a Republican named Joe Cao.","Well, we should note also that Congressman Jefferson is facing 16 federal indictments. Was that the main reason behind his defeat?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : going for his 10th term' implies that William Jefferson is a long-standing congressman","questions":"How many terms was William Jefferson going for?","answer":"10"}
{"text":["Yeah.","So, does that mean that Mom and Dad, one's a doctor, one's a lawyer?","No, it was more - I would just say that the type of upbringing I had - actually, my parents are divorced, and they have been most of my life, but everybody actually refers my mother as Clair Huxtable, because she kind of reminds everybody of that character. My dad is a little silly like Bill Cosby, and I was always Denise. I was the wild kid and kind of the wild card in the family. I'm the only artist in the family and always had the weird clothes and a wild hair. So. . .","Now, let's talk about this song - I know you're going to sing it for us in a moment - \"Wanna Be. \"Listening to the lyrics of it, it sounds as if it's a person who is trying to figure out who she is for herself."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person was the one in the family that did not dress and act like the rest.","questions":"What was the person in the family like?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["You know what else my mother said?You should talk to more people in their 80s because they've looked across the street at death for a decade. And they know what's really important in life.","Your mother was smart. Now, I'm talking as one of the people in the 80s. Nobody wants to hear that you met Harry Truman, you know. Shh.","(Laughing) You didn't meet Harry Truman, did you?","I met Harry Truman. But you know what I mean?Nobody's interested. They want to know you've met Rihanna, and that kills me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Nobody wants to hear that you met Harry Truman\" - this is an expression meaning that people are not interested in hearing about things that happened a long time ago, especially if they are not relevant to their own lives.","questions":"How did PersonA feel about meeting Harry Truman?","answer":"Sarcastic"}
{"text":["It does. He talks about it almost every day. He's preparing the ground for it. But a lot of conservatives - and I think this starts with Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell - are deeply concerned about it. They see this border issue - whether they see the border issue as a national emergency or not, they do see such a declaration as a bad precedent, something that a future president could use to do things that conservatives regard as radical, such as higher taxes on the ultra-rich or \"Medicare-for-all. \"","Another week of Roger Stone's wardrobe. Might a judge put an end to his fashion parade?","And to his parade of TV appearances perhaps. There is a federal judge in the District of Columbia contemplating a gag order on this case. That could be a mercy for all concerned, not least Roger Stone's longtime buddy, who is now in the White House.","Thanks so much, Ron Elving, NPR senior political editor."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : parade of tv appearances means the person did a lot of interviews","questions":"What could be a mercy for all concerned in turn 2?","answer":"gag"}
{"text":["Let me move on to another issue. I was covering both the Democratic and Republican Conventions, and one of the biggest applause lines during the Republican Conventions had to do with drilling for oil. Drill now, drill now, drill now. There is a serious set of distinctions between Senator Obama's policy towards energy and the McCain campaigns policy towards energy. Very briefly, very briefly, describe them to me, as they would affect consumers.","OK, I would say three distinct differences. One, the emphasis of McCain has been on drilling. The facts show that he U. S.  consumes 25 percent of the world's oil and has 3 percent of the reserves. So it's obvious that we cannot drill our way out of that problem.","Obama's focus has been on what can we do in the immediate run, and in the long run, to wean our dependence on oil. And that means investing in an extensive program to convert the economy with green jobs and research, deployment, development of alternative energy. And it also means efficiencies, conservation, raising fuel standards and things to reduce our demand.","So emphasizing the whole portfolio of energies and reducing our demand, but we know that ultimately we've got to move to a different source of energy, and that's the only way to do it. And that is a very big difference between the two candidates."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Drilling for oil is not a viable solution to the problem of oil consumption","questions":"Which candidate's policy focuses on investing in alternative energy and reducing demand to ultimately move to a different source of energy?","answer":"Obama's"}
{"text":["Well, Pluto's official designation is a dwarf planet. And I have to tell you the people who sent this probe all the way out to Pluto are a little angry about that because when they launched it a decade ago, Pluto was still a planet.","(Laughter).","It got downgraded in the intervening years.","That seems so unfair."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is amused at the situation, showing empathy for the people who sent the probe.","questions":"What is PersonB's emotional response towards the situation?","answer":"Empathy"}
{"text":["Yeah. Now, let me tell you. Again, people in Washington were saying, expedite these cases. Get them done in two weeks, for children who - I will never forget the images - who were sitting on a chair. Their feet were dangling. That's how small they were. And we were going to expedite these cases to have them tell a perfect stranger, in a language or a dialect they don't speak, about the trauma that they were experiencing in their home country, which required them to seek refuge in ours.","And so I got on the phone with managing partners from law firms up and down the state of California and said, let's get pro bono legal services to help these children who otherwise were not entitled to attorneys. All of that to say, one - I disagree with any policy that would turn America's back on people who are fleeing harm. I, frankly, believe that it is contrary to everything that we have symbolically and actually said we stand for. And so I would not enforce a law that would reject people and turn them away without giving them a fair and due process to determine if we should give them asylum and refuge.","We're in a world with 60 million refugees, and with every reason. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In this turn, the speaker is describing the difficult situation of children seeking refuge in the US and the unreasonable expectations placed on them to quickly share their traumatic experiences with strangers in a language they don't speak. However, the implied meaning goes beyond the literal description of the situation and suggests that the speaker is critical of the policy and decision makers who would put vulnerable children in such a position. The tone and choice of words such as \"expedite\" and \"perfect stranger\" convey a sense of urgency, frustration, and perhaps even outrage about the situation.","questions":"What was the tone of the speaker in turn 0?","answer":"Urgent"}
{"text":["Yes. I mean, it's an insurmountable difference. I sell Canadian lobsters most of the year. I probably sell more Canadian lobsters than I sell U. S.  lobsters. But I can't sell Canadian lobsters to China either, which is kind of defeating the purpose. And conversely, they made it so the Canadians could sell a U. S.  lobster as a Canadian. So it's like you got double screwed. That's really disheartening.","Have you been in touch with your buyers or your former buyers in China?What have they been telling you?","We've tried to keep in touch with them all along because it's always been - you never knew when this was going to end. There was no defined end. And it's just gone on and on and on. And everybody was getting a little hopeful that we might have some resolution in the next couple of months. And we had the tweets this weekend, which pretty much put the kibosh on that. So you sink back into despair.","I imagine you have been tracking very closely every development of these trade talks. Have you reached out to the Trump administration or any members of Congress to tell them that things are getting extremely tight for the lobster business now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is frustrated because they cannot sell Canadian lobsters to China due to trade restrictions, even though they sell a lot of Canadian lobsters","questions":"How does the speaker feel about selling Canadian lobsters to China?","answer":"Frustrated"}
{"text":["Yeah. The embassy guards, it's kind of a, you know, a misperception. In any embassy they essentially protect the chancellery in the embassy and the ambassador's residence itself, and particularly to, you know, you get them into a safe place if there is an attack or to - and if that fails, to destroy the classified material and so forth.","They're not responsible for the overall external or internal security of the embassy compound per se. They can augment that and they have if necessary, but there is a diplomatic security mission that does that sort of thing, and then - obviously which didn't happen on this case. You're hoping that you've got a competent external protection from the host nation, which is responsible for the safety of the entire compound.","We're talking with retired Marine Colonel Gary Anderson about lessons learned from before and during the attack in Benghazi. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And any number of recommendations were made by the Pickering Mullen report. As you look at those, are they going to address the kinds of interagency communications problems that you're worried about?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The host nation is responsible for the safety of the entire compound.","questions":"What is responsible for the safety of the entire compound?","answer":"Host"}
{"text":["O'Rourke. Yeah, let's talk about Beto.","Yeah, Beto O'Rourke. He made a hell yes promise to buy back assault weapons and to push for mandatory buyback of assault weapons. What do you make of this?","That was a dramatic highlight of the debate and grabbed a lot of people, got a lot of mentions. But such moments do not make legislation. Congressional Democrats don't have a clear majority for an assault weapons ban, let alone gun takeaways. They're still hoping for universal background checks or - on people buying guns. But to pass the Republican Senate and actually get enacted, even that much would need the backing of the president and the approval of the federal courts. We are still a long way from meaningful gun measures, despite the carnage we saw from guns in August and so many other recent months and years.","And let's stay in the realm of Congress for this last question, Ron. As of today, where do you assess where Democrats stand on the question of impeachment at the moment?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The background checks will be of anyone and everyone that buys a gun in the country.","questions":"How will the gun measures be enacted?","answer":"Backing"}
{"text":["Oh, my goodness, the crisis keeps deepening by the day. Yesterday, some of the parties called for a vote of no confidence. The chancellor, Sebastian Kurz, was hoping that he could get rid of Interior Minister Kickl, who has also been the center of several scandals himself during the course of the 18 months that they've been in government. The other ministers of Transport, Defense and Labor said, we're going to leave, too.","So you're describing all sorts of behind-closed-doors machinations going on here. But bottom line - as Austria prepares to go to bed tonight, Chancellor Sebastian Kurz is still in charge of the government, but he doesn't have much of a government now that his coalition has fallen apart.","Exactly.","How is this playing as you are out and about interviewing people on the streets of Vienna?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Although Kurz is technically still in charge, the government has lost much of its power and stability due to the coalition's collapse.","questions":"Which government has lost its power and stability due to the coalition's collapse?","answer":"Austrian"}
{"text":["Ultimately, with everything that's transpired since that conversation, I don't. I wish I could take it back. And often people will say, but then you'd have never had this essay. And it wouldn't have been the same. And I think, I could've written other essays. Yeah, ultimately I opened up something that was actually closed for me. When people read that piece, they said to me, oh, I wonder - I hope this was very healing for you. I hope you worked through what happened to you through this essay.","My reaction to that is, I actually did already work through that. There's a reason it took 17 years to write that piece - because I had to work through that, and the box was closed. And by opening it up again and bringing those people back into my life, ultimately it wasn't worth it. But I can't take that back now.","Listening to you talk about this, I'm struck by the fact that we are hearing now a lot from women who are writing and examining their lives in sort of powerful, astonishing writing. Do you think there's something wider at play?","I think people are really paying attention now. I think people don't have an option anymore than to hear us and listen. There is such fantastic momentum. And it's really only the beginning. But it thrills me to see the books being picked up right now and the stories we're seeing. And I want that momentum to just continue and crash through.","That was T Kira Madden. Her debut memoir is \"Long Live The Tribe Of Fatherless Girls. \"Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's not a closed box but a memory of an event that is no longer thought about.","questions":"How was PersonA's box described?","answer":"Closed"}
{"text":[". . . Say, the state agriculture commissioner. It just doesn't make sense.","Well, forgive my naivety. But don't all parties weigh in on ballot design?Or are those days - am I living in the age of Pollyanna aspirations?","Well, they have - they do have the ability to at least protest. They have the ability to see it at the time. The ballot is sent out ahead of time to say, hey, here's what the ballot looks like. And the Senate campaign of Bill Nelson did not complain.","President Trump has said there's evidence of election fraud. Is there evidence?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Not all parties weigh in on ballot design","questions":"Which design aspect do parties not weigh in on?","answer":"design"}
{"text":["Yeah. In fact, if a car is assembled in Canada and shipped to the United States, Americans should realize that about 50 percent of the content of that car is American-made. A carburetor could cross the border up to eight times during the manufacturing process. We have a completely integrated manufacturing process in the automobile industry.","And here, we have something very amazing. We have the labor unions - the head of the AFL-CIO; the industry - head of the automobile manufacturers - each of them; and we have the U. S.  Chamber of Commerce, all coming together and agreeing that auto tariffs would be bad for not only Canada, but also U. S.  jobs. And it would be bad for the U. S. -Canada relationship overall. And so I think that there are a lot of people that do not want to see us go down that road. And it would be very detrimental economically.","So one last yes or no question - do you see an agreement?","I'm the eternal optimist. You know, President Obama said once to me he's a congenital optimist, so I'll go with that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : He wants to believe that an agreement will be reached that benefits everyone.","questions":"Which quality does PersonA share with President Obama?","answer":"Optimism"}
{"text":["Well, the regulations that I'm most concerned with are the ones that could be causing issues in getting approvals, new chemistries approved for crops that we grow. Cuts to different agencies could cause approval processes to take longer, which certainly in times where you have different pests and things that need taken care of, whether it's plant pests or, in our case, we have cattle as well, and if there's problems there and we don't have the ability to treat our plants or animals well or with the latest tools - you definitely want things to be safe. But it seems more like it's being pushed to the back burner for political reasons. It's very frustrating as a farmer sometimes when you see needs for things and you know there's fixes coming but regulatory issues are holding them up.","I have to ask, has your business been affected by climate in recent years?","(Laughter) Well, in the agricultural business, everybody's affected by climate. You know, I think anybody that says there's not changes happening is somewhat naive. On the other hand, it's the things that we can do to figure out what things we can do long term to make sure we're, you know, in good position to continue to grow the crops that we have here in the U. S.  and hopefully be profitable in the future and continue to be, you know, the largest producer of food in the world.","Kevin Ross, who grows corn and soybeans and raises cattle in Minden, Iowa, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Political agendas are taking precedence over the need for agricultural regulations.","questions":"What is causing frustration for farmers in getting approvals for new chemistries?","answer":"Agendas"}
{"text":["Yes, they are in re-settlement areas. For example, in Mozambique you have 258,000 people, 90,000 of whom have been displaced over the past month or so. In Malawi you already have 700 cholera cases that have been reported. You have about 152,000 people who have been affected. So they are moving away from their home areas into re-settlement camps.","Let's move to Kenya in the east of Africa. The talks between President Kibaki and opposition leader Raila Odinga continue today outside of Nairobi and the negotiations are being mediated by former U. N.  Secretary General Kofi Annan. Since the post-election violence began in late December, more than 1,000 people have been killed and hundreds of thousands have been displaced. There are also reports of a wave of sexual violence against women who've been displaced by this turmoil. So Cassandra, what's going on here?","Since the violence after the disputed elections on December 27th, we're seeing that this situation has put women and girls at great risk of sexual assault. We know that always in situations of conflict women and girls are in danger. And in Kenya it is no different. We are hearing reports from Nairobi, from the Nairobi general hospital, that there may be as many as double the number of cases of rape within the days following the eruption of the violence.","And what we know is that for every case that is being treated or is being reported, there are many more victims who fail to seek help."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"Let's move to Kenya\" is a figurative expression, meaning \"let's switch our focus of discussion to Kenya\" and not a literal suggestion to physically move.","questions":"How is the expression \"Let's move to Kenya\" used in the dialogue?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Wow.","On steroids, that's what Tops in Blue is. And it's serious stuff. It's a lot of fun. There's a little break dancing, a little pop locking. And once again, it's very interactive. It's very much a very different theater experience.","You know, we had on Brian Copeland, who has a very successful one-man show called \"Not a Genuine Black Man\" and also dealing with some really very harsh realities of his childhood. It strikes me that, you know, that's got to be part of what shaped you as a person who's able to do - what is it?How many characters do you have in the show?","Twenty-three characters."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Tops in Blue is not just a regular show, it's something exceptional and unique.","questions":"What is Tops in Blue?","answer":"Show"}
{"text":["And you know, we still have, you know, we have horse farms. We have a couple of dairy farms left. In fact there's one dairy farm, the Ferris Acres Creamery, which people come from miles around it to have their ice cream. It's - they make it there. And you know, and we have hunters. And we have a couple of game, you know, hunting preserves around town. We still are in touch with that part of our tradition.","And does everybody's kids - do everybody's kids go to that particular elementary school?","No. We have, I believe, four elementary schools that feed into an intermediate school. So we have the Sandy Hook Elementary School. We have Hawley School, Middle Gate School, and the Head O'Meadow School. And my children went to the Head O'Meadow School, where I actually was in the graduating class when it first - when we first built that building in 1977. I still remember, I think, we buried some \"Star Wars\" paraphernalia in the front yard.","A time capsule."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The town still has a strong connection to its agricultural and hunting heritage.","questions":"Which heritage does the town still have a strong connection to?","answer":"Agricultural"}
{"text":["Do you think what we've seen over the past couple of weeks represents some kind of tipping point in the way people think about guns?","Probably not, unfortunately. I mean, after - Sandy Hook was about the worst thing that could ever possibly happen. And it didn't substantially change the tone of this debate. What is different is when you mix an ISIS story, which is what we have now, with a gun-control story. Maybe that's what's going to change things.","The idea that people who may not have been able to get on an airplane were able to acquire guns.","Right, right, right. We have zero tolerance for Islamic - Islamic State terrorism. We seem to have a certain level of tolerance for a certain number of school shootings a year. So - I'm sorry to say it, but it's true. And so maybe that's what tips this debate. But I don't see any one incident tipping the debate in the way you're suggesting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : And so maybe that's what tips this debate. But I don't see any one incident tipping the debate in the way you're suggesting.\" In this turn, the speaker suggests that the combination of factors or events, rather than a single incident, might be what leads to a significant shift in the ongoing debate about guns. The literal meaning is that a single incident alone is unlikely to lead to the suggested change in the debate.","questions":"Which event(s) might not lead to a significant shift in the ongoing debate about guns, according to the speaker?","answer":"One"}
{"text":["But some people might want the extra three months of the nine months option. Just look through and see what's offered. And the other good thing is, this is not one of those negative option kind of options. At the end of the six months or nine months, they're not going to automatically enroll you into a plan in which you have to pay, because the six month is worth about 60 dollars and the nine month is about 115 dollars. So they will absolutely stop it, and you have to say, I want this back. But listen, for six or nine months you've got someone looking through your TransUnion credit file, so it's worth it.","You know, Michelle, what you're saying is anyone who has applied for credit, essentially in the last 20 years, any credit card, is eligible for this. There is a benefit, including maybe some cash, sitting there on the table. You can write in and get it. That's it?","That's it. That's exactly right. And you do have to register for it. It's not automatic, and you have to go to www. listclassaction. com. And once you go to the site, you click on the link for Register for Benefits. And then they will email you and tell you later when you can actually start getting the monitoring service.","We will link to you and to this website at our site, that's npr. org. Michelle Singletary, personal finance columnist for the Washington Post and contributor to Day to Day. Michelle, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The offer is a good deal and worth considering.","questions":"Which option provides someone with access to their TransUnion credit file?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Then on top of that, last year, there was this thing called the beast from the east, which was a deep freeze coming across Italy and Greece, and that destroyed a lot of trees. Olive trees are very hardy, but they can't take extreme cold. If it's below 10 degrees Fahrenheit for just a matter of hours, it can kill the tree. So Italian farmers these days are thinking they can't catch a break. This is a confluence of factors, which has led to an overall production of around 185,000 tons this season, which is not very good.","Is it really possible that Italy could run out of olive oil next month?","Well, you know, Italy is not as big, for example, a producer as Spain, you know, and we see a lot of headlines right now that says Italy will be forced to be an olive oil importer. Well, Italy is the largest olive oil importer in the world and always has been, but it has just a limited amount of its own production to go around. So what - I think it's really more a matter of Italy running out of stock, running out of stocks of its own olive oil. And all of the bottling that goes on there and the exporting that goes on in Italy will be using oils from other origins.","We have to ask in this day and age, is climate change affecting the Italian olive oil production industry?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Italy may run out of its own olive oil and need to use oils from other origins.","questions":"What is the reason for Italy's limited olive oil production?","answer":"Limited"}
{"text":["And in talking to Smith, he's really thought a lot about what - why we have such a strong reaction to looking at embryos, and he's found this firsthand. I mean, and he gets emails all the time and sort of unpacks these questions, like, you know, is it - when you look at these pictures, does it strike you as more human or less human than you would have imagined, he asks. This is what he asked audience when he shows them. What is your experience with seeing these pictures in the past?You know, he said imagine 300 or 400 years ago, would - how would people imagine what an embryo is?This is a technologically. . .","Yeah. Yeah.",". . .  mediated experience.","And not only that, he's taken the technology faster - further, as you show. He's done MRIs, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There are no turns in this coversation.whose therir literal meanings.All of the return are being used in straight for word and literal meanings.","questions":"What is Smith's question to the audience when he shows them the pictures of the embryos?","answer":"more"}
{"text":["You know, it's quite clear that it is a cherry-picked narrative. But reading it makes you wonder if that's an insult to cherries.","(Laughter) Which, after all, have many valuable antioxidants. Before it was released, a lot of Democrats said the result of releasing the memo would be catastrophic. Last night and today, many Democrats seem to be saying, is that all you got?Are you kidding?","Well, for some, it's more a dud than a slam dunk. But at the same time, of course, the Democrats want to release their own memo - their critique memo - their response or rebuttal. And that's going to be the big focus when we get back here on Monday.","Rod Rosenstein - long for his position in the Justice Department?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Rod Rosenstein - long for his position in the Justice Department?\" Implicated meaning: The speaker is using a play on words to express their opinion on Rod Rosenstein's future in the Justice Department. \"Long\" can mean both \"having worked in a position for a long time\" and \"desiring something strongly.\" The speaker suggests that Rosenstein may be both reluctant to leave his position and actively seeking to stay in it.","questions":"Which word suggests Rosenstein is both reluctant to leave his position and actively seeking to stay in it?","answer":"Long"}
{"text":["Well, first, it's going to sell a majority stake in its most prized asset, its investment-management division. The bank will also slash its stock dividends and sell off much of its mortgage business. You know, this announcement was triggered yesterday by the collapse of a possible deal with the Korea Development Bank that would have given Lehman some much needed capital. But Lehman's been struggling for awhile. Like Bear Stearns, it's been caught with a lot of bad mortgage debt and investors who've been frustrated that Lehman can't come up with the money to cover that debt. They've driven the bank's stock price down 80 percent this year.","So, this is a big concern on Wall Street and a big concern in the banking industry. What about consumers, should they be concerned as well?","Well, consumers will be feeling the bank's pain, most likely in the form of higher interest rates for credit cards and car loans and mortgages. I talked to Jane D'Arista at the Financial Market Center, and she pointed out that last weekend, when the government announced that it would back up Fannie and Freddie's debts, mortgage rates dropped almost right away.","Ms.  JANE D'ARISTA (Director of Programs, Financial Market Center): We had that lively little bounce there in the mortgage market where the rates went down, and everybody is very hopeful that this will restart the process of making mortgages, therefore getting rid of inventory and therefore protecting the prices of the housing market. But Lehman may take that away."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Lehman's financial troubles are affecting consumers through higher interest rates.","questions":"How are consumers being impacted by Lehman's financial troubles?","answer":"Interest"}
{"text":["So you say that some of his actions have been uncharacteristically un-Trumpian and that they're reminiscent of Obama. But what is Trumpian is that he's been conducting Syria policy over Twitter.","That's right, and he previewed the strikes. He said they were coming fast and smart. The missiles were coming. He then backtracked and said, maybe I haven't decided on a strike. And then, he tweeted something that really got everyone's attention. He said mission accomplished, which are two words that. . .","Very infamous words. . .",". . . George W.  Bush famously used. And he used them the last time we were involved in a Middle East conflict, declared it accomplished. And it turns out it wasn't."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mission accomplished doesn't necessarily mean that the mission was successful.","questions":"What were the two words that Trump tweeted after the strikes?","answer":"Mission"}
{"text":["Absolutely not. In fact, the people of my state should know we are doing everything in our power to defend them. If it comes to a legal fight with the Trump administration, we're prepared to have it. I've had some experience with taking on the Trump administration litigation. We have yet to lose a case yet, and I don't plan on starting with this issue.","Attorney General Bob Ferguson of Washington state, thanks so much.","Oh, thank you, Scott. Have a great day.","And we contacted the Department of Justice for comment on Mr.  Ferguson's remarks about Attorney General Sessions. We have yet to receive a response."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) The actual meaning of turn (1) is different from its literal meaning, as it implies that the speaker is ready to defend their state against any legal challenges from the Trump administration and has a track record of success in litigation against them, indicating a confident and confrontational approach.","questions":"Which state is the Attorney General of?","answer":"Washington"}
{"text":["And how did this start?","Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story. And then I would write the story. And then I would send it to him. And I'd give him a first line. And he would start a story. And he would send that back to me. And we did that. And so we decided that we'd open that up to the rest of the world.","How many stories do you typically get?","We run between 300 and 450 submissions in issue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"We run between 300 and 450 submissions in issue.\" - This turn has a different meaning than its literal meaning. It means that the magazine receives between 300 and 450 story submissions for each issue. The word \"run\" is used here to mean \"receive\" or \"accept\". This is an example of using idiomatic language, where a word or phrase is used in a way that is different from its literal meaning.","questions":"What is the meaning of the word \"run\" in turn 3?","answer":"Cover"}
{"text":["My pleasure, Scott.","And what seems to be the latest there?","Well, we had a night of very heavy air raids last night and it pushed the death toll from the low 20s up to around 40 - essentially doubling it in one night. We're now in the fourth day of what the Israelis have dubbed Operation Cloud Pillar. Last night, the air raids hit the headquarters of Hamas Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh. Some other official houses were targeted. They also hit tunnels running under the border with Egypt, which are used to smuggle in weapons and fuel. Also, some electric power plants were hit, plunging some of southern Gaza into darkness.","And how are Hamas leaders responding?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) implies that B is wondering what the latest news or developments are in the situation,","questions":"How many days has Operation Cloud Pillar been going on for?","answer":"4"}
{"text":["Thanks. Good to be with you.","So you start your book by talking about a conversation you had with your young son. Tell us about what prompted that.","Well, he was 7 years old. He got in the car, put his seatbelt on, and he said to me, Mom, do you know what a hooker and a stripper are?And I was a little bit floored because I had been pretty much the mother from hell in terms of making sure that I knew everything he had ever seen, and I was the one that was acculturating my children. I wasn't having the media do it, and what the story turned out to be is he'd been at the playground that day and a bunch of boys had been talking about a video game that one of them had been playing. He told me that, Mom, you know, if you kill enough people, you get to go into a room where a lady takes off her top. That's what a stripper is. And if you kill more people and you get to a higher level of the game, you get to go into a room where a lady takes off all her clothes. That's what a hooker is. Well, needless to say, I was really floored because without anything coming from me or the home, he already had in his mind a connection between violence and killing and sexuality.","So what did you do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The mother was surprised that her 7-year-old son already knew about the terms 'hooker' and 'stripper' and their connection to violence and sexuality without her teaching him.","questions":"Which terms surprised the mother that her 7-year-old son knew about?","answer":"Hooker"}
{"text":["And let's not forget that that's the heritage that Marissa Mayer comes from; understanding how to make search at Google ever more personal, ever more relevant. If she can do the same thing with news and make it more relevant to you, so that it's not a one-size-fits-all product anymore, that could be a big advance in the form.","So, let's say in a year or two the president of the United States has what - I don't know if it's a tradition - but often he will have lunch with the major network actors. Does Katie Couric have lunch at that same table?","Well, there's two questions there. One, is whether that is the judgment of importance in news. I think that we have to get out of the access game. But I still understand your question, which is will Yahoo be a presence in news as much as the other networks?It might take a while, but there's no reason it couldn't be. You know, there's a great, great blog called SCOTUSblog that covers the Supreme Court like no one else and they are struggling right now to get a credential to the Supreme Court. They do great coverage, highly specialized. And we've got to get past this idea that only big, old institutions are journalistic institutions. We have to work collaboratively with all kinds of new players.","Jeff Jarvis, media analyst and professor of journalism joining us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that Jeff Jarvis is thanking the questioner for having him on the show","questions":"How does Jeff Jarvis respond to the questioner at the end of the dialogue?","answer":"thanking"}
{"text":["The director of the U. S.  Census Bureau, John H.  Thompson, announced his retirement this week in the wake of a disagreement with Congress over funding for the 2020 census. The census is conducted every 10 years. The results determine how many seats in Congress and electoral votes that each state receives, and it helps guide how more than $400 billion is spent each year on education, health and infrastructure.","We're joined now by Robert Groves. He's former director of the U. S.  Census Bureau. He's now the provost of Georgetown University. Mr.  Groves, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning. Great to be with you.","Congress has approved nearly $1. 5 billion to fund the census this fiscal year, and it's supposed to be the same for next year. Is that enough?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) implies that Mr. Groves is joining the conversation for the purpose of providing his expertise on the topic.","questions":"What is the purpose of Mr. Groves' presence in the conversation?","answer":"Provide"}
{"text":["I mean, of course, we don't know yet. But, yes, you can imagine this could present some big challenges they have to deal with. I mean, one big thing the - most glaring thing everyone's talking about today - is that this could serve for some voters as a reminder of Bernie Sanders' age. He is 78. The campaign is ramping up. It's only going to intensify. Campaigning is really exhausting. And so this might not rattle the diehard Sanders fans out there, but there are voters who exist - I have talked to them, my colleagues have - voters who are concerned about nominating or electing someone who is of advanced age. And so this could affect how those voters feel. And now, let's keep in mind, of course, that two of Sanders' main rivals - Senator Elizabeth Warren, former Vice President Joe Biden - they're themselves in their 70s. Now, the additional. . .","As is the president who they'd be running against, President Trump, so yeah.","Exactly, yes. And, you know, the additional challenge is that Sanders is going to want to talk about other things. He just put up some great campaign finance numbers, a new income inequality tax plan. So the next debate - October 15 - that's what we're going to be looking at to see, you know, if he can look strong, remind people of how passionate he is. That's an opportunity to put all of this behind him.","That is NPR's Danielle Kurtzleben."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Everyone is talking about something that no one can deny as everyone sees it. It might not upset people who like Bernie Sanders and make them want to vote for someone else.","questions":"What is the most glaring thing that everyone is talking about today?","answer":"Age"}
{"text":["Really bad, bad things.","Those are very difficult things to cope with, and certainly, those are realities unfortunately for millions of Americans. There are some things that we can do things about and there are some things we can't do things about. But if we focus on how you change the way you look at it, what you do, how you communicate, clarifying and prioritizing your values, becoming part of the community, helping other people, you don't have to wait six months to do those things. You can start doing some of those things today.","You don't even have to wait till you're laid off to do these things. Let's just put that out there.","You know, it's a way of living your life that works well all the time, but it's a great set of tools to have during this particular time, the time in between jobs."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The tools mentioned aren't literally tools, they are resources or actions people can take to kelp themselves.","questions":"What are the tools mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Tools"}
{"text":["How quickly would we see a border closing impact the U. S.  auto industry?","Well, really, we would start to see manufacturing facilities impacted almost immediately. Most of the industry follows a just-in-time inventory strategy, which means that the parts that are needed for the vehicle are shipped to the plant as they are needed and on a continual basis. They don't maintain inventory levels at the assembly plant. So we would see a number of factories start to shut down almost immediately because they wouldn't have inventory available to keep going.","Is it possible for you to paint a picture of this for us using a specific car part, for example?","You know, there's a couple interesting ones. One, wire harnesses - these are the wires that are - that go into a vehicle. There's probably miles of these copper wires in a vehicle, very labor-intensive to put these wire harnesses together. The vast majority are made in Mexico that are used in U. S.  manufacturing. And so that's something that would be very important for a vehicle because it goes on early in the process."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The U.S. auto industry heavily relies on just-in-time inventory strategy and factories would shut down quickly if the border is closed.","questions":"How would the U.S. auto industry be impacted if the border is closed? (Answer: immediately)","answer":"Immediately"}
{"text":["Then, Francisco Lopez fired back with this. (Reading) Socialist, how interesting that we would call policies to get us out of the economic hole that when the political thought of the last 30 years has simply been welfare for the rich.","Then Qwende Madu(ph) chimed in with this. (Reading) Pure Republican haberdash. The government didn't require banks to make bad loans. They did so of their own accord. Furthermore, the stimulus package is not meant to replace private investment but is the last resort meant to show entrepreneurs that the economy is still viable.","And Walter Groppe(ph) has cheered our guest with this remarks. (Reading) Government got us into this mess. That means, Democrats and Republicans should they be trying to get us out of it?No, the government needs to sit down, shut up and learn.","Now, moving on to another story. Ann Powers(ph) in St.  Louise, Missouri wrote us after she heard us replay a Roundtable with African-American mystery authors."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The policies would make drastic changes for the better to the economy.","questions":"Which word describes the economic situation mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Drastic"}
{"text":["Right.",". . . Take me as I am. How did people perceive that?","Well, yeah. It's funny to think back. I shaved it all off because I didn't want to be a sex object. And there I was playing in bars, you know, mostly surrounded by men with drinks in their hands. And I was getting attention for not the right reasons. I wanted a different kind of power, I think.","(Singing) I am not a pretty girl. That is not what I do. I ain't no damsel in distress."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker does not conform to traditional gender roles.","questions":"What kind of attention was the speaker getting in bars?","answer":"Wrong"}
{"text":["The director of the U. S.  Census Bureau, John H.  Thompson, announced his retirement this week in the wake of a disagreement with Congress over funding for the 2020 census. The census is conducted every 10 years. The results determine how many seats in Congress and electoral votes that each state receives, and it helps guide how more than $400 billion is spent each year on education, health and infrastructure.","We're joined now by Robert Groves. He's former director of the U. S.  Census Bureau. He's now the provost of Georgetown University. Mr.  Groves, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning. Great to be with you.","Congress has approved nearly $1. 5 billion to fund the census this fiscal year, and it's supposed to be the same for next year. Is that enough?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The census results are of great importance to the allocation of resources in the United States.","questions":"What determines the allocation of resources in the United States?","answer":"Resources"}
{"text":["Fungus Blues - I love it.","Fungus Blues.","And they fell in love. And, you know, my dad, he was trying to find another way of living other than the one that he was in.","(Singing) Hustle was your middle name when you were a young man.","What was it about his current way of living at the time that was dissatisfying?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : This statement implies that A's father is probably using his old age to hustle rather than to enjoy which he is not satisfied with.","questions":"Which aspect of PersonA's father's life was dissatisfying to him?","answer":"Living"}
{"text":["Oh, it's kind of odd. Really, it's quiet. The streets are quiet. There's this wariness, though, that, you know, death could burst from the sky at any second. Obviously, this is something that Israelis are experiencing as well with rocket fire there. But here, there are no warning sirens. There's not an Iron Dome to intercept anything. The military strength of Israel is tremendously more powerful than the military strength of Hamas or Islamic Jihad or other groups here. In some cases, Israel does warn people about strikes. For example, I spoke to a woman this morning whose neighbor is part of Hamas, that that person got a phone call this morning to get out of the house. He alerted the neighbors. This is sort of normal. She burst into tears. Her husband said, don't cry in front of the children. She took the kids to a friend's. She went to work.","And a normal life continues in the midst of all this?","Well, in some ways, it has to. If you aren't right next to a rocket attack, you might not even know it happens - or close enough by to hear it. I did speak to a man this morning whose, you know, baby came two weeks early three days ago. And he had to take the baby boy to the doctor last night at night. He had to do it even though he didn't want to be driving around at night. So, yes, people do carry on as they can.","And briefly - we don't have much time - but there have been similar flare-ups like this in recent years. Is there any sense of what's coming next in this conflict?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: Do people have to keep going despite the danger in the conflict?","questions":"Which question addresses the continuation of people's daily lives despite the danger in the conflict?","answer":"Conflict"}
{"text":["I think there are millennials that are doing fine. I think that when you talk about wealth transfer, what's really interesting is Americans over 62 are 80 percent white. And so when you look at these wealth transfers, white millennials are five times more likely to receive an inheritance than millennials of color. Forty-five percent of millennials are non-white. That's going to exacerbate inequality within the millennial generation. And so we're already seeing this where cities are becoming concentrations of wealth. Cities have better social services, better hospitals, better schools. And it's only the kids whose white parents can get them into those engines of opportunity, that are able to access those better services.","What do you think the responsibility of the boomer generation is at this moment?","I think, really, to think about the ways that their kids have it harder than them. Right now, the growth is going to people primarily who own land, who own homes, who own stock. Those are all people that are disproportionately old. And we need to find ways, systematically, to share those gains with people that are younger.","And I hesitate to ask this, but what is the responsibility of the millennial generation?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Inheritance inequality perpetuates disparities within the millennial generation.","questions":"How does inheritance impact inequality among millennials?","answer":"Inequality"}
{"text":["Exactly. I mean, just how it sounds. You know, there's three guys on the court for each team, instead of five. I guess a close parallel might be what they did for the Olympics, bringing in beach volleyball to accompany, you know, regular volleyball. So it's a little bit like that.","And you play outdoors, right?","Outdoors, yep, in some beautiful venues, too, yeah. Here in Amsterdam, we're outside the Rijksmuseum, you know, one of the biggest museums in Amsterdam.","Oh, my gosh. That's a beautiful museum."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The fact that the game is played outdoors is being confirmed.","questions":"What type of venues is the game played in?","answer":"outdoors"}
{"text":["And I went and bought bread. I made a really good salsa and started selling tortas at a bus stop. Of course, everybody thought I was nuts. And my friends used to make a lot of fun of me - you know, no girl is going to like you because you sell food on the street. And I'd say, no, you're totally wrong. I said, I'm an entrepreneur (laughter). I have my own business.","Now he's executive chef and partner in the James Beard-nominated Taqueria del Sol, a counter-service chain in Georgia and Tennessee. In the kitchen of one of the Atlanta restaurants, he shows me how to make his turnip greens. It starts with a little butter and oil.","We're going to build the sauce for greens. And you want to saute your garlic, a few onions, your pepper. In this case, we use the chile de arbol.","The chile de arbol pepper brings some heat. It sautes with the onion and garlic until the peppers start to release their oils."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People should pursue their dreams and not let negative opinions stop them from achieving success.","questions":"How did PersonA's friends react when he started selling tortas at a bus stop?","answer":"Mocking"}
{"text":["Kids are natural scientists. They're natural born inquisitors. They like to find out about everything, and we just don't have a way of doing it. Maybe your math book can help do that. Have - do teachers use it at all and think about it?","We do have teachers using it. They say that they warm up the class with a math problem in the morning. We've heard all kinds of stories. There's a bus driver outside Chicago who actually puts the math problem up on a whiteboard on the bus every morning. And he has a bag of Oriental Trading prizes.","Right.","And the first kid on the bus to get it gets to pull something out of the bag. So it's really a movement that's spreading."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The teacher gets the class ready for school work by giving them a math problem to do.","questions":"What do some teachers do to warm up their class in the morning?","answer":"Math"}
{"text":["Good morning.","So why do you think the jury could not make a unanimous decision?","Well, obviously, it was - there was a split. We don't know what the split was because, apparently, that's confidential under Pennsylvania law. But, you know, who knows?Even though jurors are not supposed to speak about other jurors, that may end up leaking out.","The prosecution did not prove their case beyond a reasonable doubt. On the other hand, the defense also did not get an acquittal. And so this case is going to be tried again. I did represent one - the other accuser who was permitted to testify, Kelly Johnson. And I admire both Kelly and Andrea for their courage in testifying in such a high-profile case. And I've said, you know, we can never underestimate the blinding power of celebrity, but justice will come."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"But, you know, who knows?\" - The literal meaning of this turn is simply acknowledging the uncertainty of the situation. The implied meaning, however, could be interpreted as a sarcastic remark indicating the speaker's lack of faith in the legal system's ability to keep information confidential.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue implies the PersonA's lack of trust in the legal system's ability to keep information confidential?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["Yeah - African-American mayor from Tallahassee.","Yes. So this is sort of a test of whether real progressive candidates can win in these sort of purplish states. And so that's going to be a really - you have a Trump ally there in Ron DeSantis. It's going to be, I think, a really close race still. Next door in Georgia, another woman trying to make history - Stacey Abrams would be the first African-American woman ever elected governor.","Right.","And that's a state that is changing. Has it changed enough?That's a really big question. And then there's sort of a handful of surprising opportunities for Democrats in the Midwest and in the Sun Belt. Nevada and Ohio - those were always sort of toss-ups. But then Democrats have real chances to flip some places - really ruby-red territory - like Kansas, South Dakota, maybe even Oklahoma."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Purplish\" states are not really colored. They refer to US states that are neither clearly Republican (red) nor Democrat (blue) in their voting..","questions":"How are \"purplish\" states defined?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Hey. How you doing, Lulu?","I'm very well. For people who haven't been to Richmond, can you describe Monument Avenue for us?What statues are there?","Monument Avenue is one of the most beautiful stretches of street in the United States of America. I mean, it's tree-lined. It's on the national historic registry. There are statues to Robert E.  Lee. There's a statue to Jeb Stuart, to, you know, Stonewall Jackson. And there's a lonely statue of Arthur Ashe, which I call the only true champion on that stretch of street.","The tennis champion, Arthur Ashe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Hey.How you doing, Lulu?\" - The actual meaning is the speaker is greeting Lulu and asking how she is doing, rather than just stating those words as an empty phrase.","questions":"Which street is described as one of the most beautiful stretches of street in the United States of America?","answer":"Monument"}
{"text":["When I was in a refugee camp, I did everything to survive, you know. And me and my friends, we used to go and steal chickens, and we used to go and pretend to other staff, so just to make a living and I've reached here because of the horrible things I've done but I'm saying it's not great but sometimes we are forced to sin to make a living.","(Singing) We used to raid(ph) villages Steal in chickens, goats and sheeps Anything we could eat I knew it was rude But we needed food And therefore I was","Forced to sin, forced to sin To make a living Forced to sin. . .","You know, at this point in time you've seen so many things that other people haven't and you've written that into your music. Are you hopeful that your music can transform lives?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker and their friends committed crimes to fulfill their basic needs in the refugee camp","questions":"How did the speaker make a living in the refugee camp?","answer":"Stealing"}
{"text":["Yeah, Phillips Andover Academy. And David Halberstam actually unearthed this better than anybody when David was working on a book on Belichick, \"Education Of A Coach. \"And Ernie Adams is such a historian that he wanted to meet the great David Halberstam. And I think they traded questions. Every time David would ask Ernie something, Ernie could ask a Vietnam question of the late, great David Halberstam.","Yeah, so what does he do during a game?What does he do for the team?","Well, there's no question. During the games he's up in the booth with a headset and there's an emergency line down to the field with an orange piece of tape that says Ernie. It's a dedicated line for him. And if you see a controversial play or a play where they might dispute or throw the red bag to get a replay, those are carefully selected challenges. And Ernie, I believe, makes all the calls on those, like, this is worth the risk 'cause you lose a time out if you make the challenge and it's upheld. So if you go back - and there's an excellent NFL Films video from the Super Bowl last year and Ernie does speak a little bit in that. And it's pretty clear that he sniffed out the play that Pete Carroll ran from the one-yard line at the end of the game, which Malcolm Butler intercepted to win the Super Bowl. The Patriots had worked on that repeatedly on Friday. . .","Oh, my."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) is an expression of surprise. The implied meaning is an expression of admiration.","questions":"Which expression did PersonB use to react to the statement made by PersonA about Ernie?","answer":"admiration"}
{"text":["All right. Does this activity now go completely unregulated after Congress sort of blocked this legislation taking force?","So since the privacy rule has been blocked, as, you say, a few things have happened. The companies themselves the Internet service providers, have gone on a campaign. They're reassuring users that they do offer opt-outs. Now, they're not opt-ins, but they're opt-outs. And also they say that they do not and will not sell people's individual browsing history. They might use this history but - to tailor ads - but they do not sell it to third parties. One thing that the angry customers have prompted is interest from lawmakers in a bunch of states - to name a few, Massachusetts, Maryland, Minnesota, I randomly picked a bunch of M's - these lawmakers are tackling Internet privacy laws. They're debating them on a state level.","So we may see a change soon. All right. Alina Selyukh, she reports on technology for NPR. Thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"They might use this history but - to tailor ads - but they do not sell it to third parties.\" In this turn, the literal meaning suggests that the companies use users' browsing history to customize advertisements. However, the implicated meaning is that the companies collect and utilize users' browsing history for targeted advertising purposes, although they claim not to sell it to third parties.","questions":"How do companies utilize users' browsing history for advertising purposes?","answer":"Tailor"}
{"text":["It's the most vegetal thing I've ever smelled.","Excellent. And we're going to add the ginger.","OK.","And then I got some mint. And then I got a little lime. OK, and then I'll do a little agave."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"And then I got some mint.And then I got a little lime.OK, and then I'll do a little agave\" is a list of ingredients and a plan of action.","questions":"How does PersonA plan to sweeten the drink?","answer":"Agave"}
{"text":["And what about men?After all, they groom too, especially their beards. So, they need tables of their own. Well, these vanities aren't really tables. Men stood to shave at narrow cabinets with stacks of drawers for their grooming supplies. One glossy modern piece caught my eye.","It's red and it's plastic by Raymond Loewy. The design date is 1969. It was manufactured and he made variations on the theme. But this is the men's shaving stand. And as you see, there's no place to sit. So, he combined sort of the historical idea of men's dressing tables with new contemporary materials, the molded plastic. He has no handles, but the grips on the drawers come out of the molded plastic. And the mirror, again, pops up. When you pull it down, it looks like just one closed cabinet. But in fact it's a men's shaving stand.","What is it, do you think, in the human psyche that we - so many of us - I mean, look at the human history that's shown here in this exhibit - need to look at ourselves, at least for a time, to begin the day?","It is inexplicable, it's innate. It's something in our gene pool. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In both of these turns, the implied meaning goes beyond the literal words used. The speaker is not simply asking about the reasons behind the human need to look at themselves or stating that it is innate and related to genetics. The implied meaning suggests a deeper exploration of human psychology and the significance of self-reflection as a part of our daily","questions":"How does the implied meaning of turn 3 relate to the discussion of the men's shaving stand? (Answer: Innate)","answer":"Psychology."}
{"text":["Well, Pluto's official designation is a dwarf planet. And I have to tell you the people who sent this probe all the way out to Pluto are a little angry about that because when they launched it a decade ago, Pluto was still a planet.","(Laughter).","It got downgraded in the intervening years.","That seems so unfair."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is amused at the situation, showing empathy for the people who sent the probe.","questions":"Which emotion does PersonB display towards the people who sent the probe?","answer":"Empathy"}
{"text":["It occurred on August 1st, in the late hours of the morning. One Serbian fell, and another (unintelligible) porter fell as well trying to rescue him, and that was the beginning of the fatalities. However, the serac fall, which stranded most of the climbers, didn't occur until quite late in the evening on August 1st.","A serac is a big column of ice, a big sheet of ice. And it fell off the mountain, and that complicated things for a lot of people. What were conditions like?","The weather was completely calm, very cold and clear, which is normal. No wind and as the day began to - as the sun began to rise, the weather was actually better than we could have hoped for. But, of course, things changed. The wind began to pick up the next day as people were stranded, and that complicated the rescue effort.","You were attempting to summit on that day, weren't you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"And it complicated things for a lot of people.\" - The implied meaning here is that the serac fall caused significant problems and challenges, rather than just making things more difficult.","questions":"What did the serac fall cause?","answer":"Challenges"}
{"text":["Colin Powell - not one black candidate on the ticket, but two. That would be remarkable.","Well, let's also remember Colin Powell is a Republican. He would establish a kind of bipartisan bridge. And if you want to say, yes, it's a ticket of two African-Americans, which it would be, it is already a ticket of one African-American. So people who have perhaps a problem with that might not necessarily have that much more of a problem with two.","And I think that the advantage that it would have would be to say, we're kind of, in a sense, taking race off the table here. We're not talking about electing the first black president. We're asking you to vote for Barack Obama and Colin Powell and look at those two individuals.","It's a really interesting suggestion, I would imagine that a number of Democrats would say, wait a minute, he was on the wrong side on Iraq. Plus, we've got our own guys. We want a Democrat, a real Democrat. Who's out there?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Framing the ticket as Barack Obama and Colin Powell instead of the first black president could take race off the table.","questions":"How could framing the ticket differently impact the discussion about race?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["Really.","But they removed like some G - from what I understand, you can't like ping it for like GPS location. So I believe GPS types of tracking or chips have been removed out of it. So I think it is a stripped down and highly secure BlackBerry.","One of the things and you mentioned this earlier, Mario, that the president wants to do - he wants to put everybody on the Internet who wants access to it, and he's trying to expand it into rural areas.","I'm sorry."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : stripped down in this context means that some extra things the product could have were taken away, likely to keep it cheaper for consumer purposes.","questions":"What does \"stripped down\" mean in this context?","answer":"Simplified"}
{"text":["Well, actually, we - there's three records on the chart, the chart of this year. Within the top of 30, you have Flo Rida, and then there - a couple of other songs that were charting this year were Alicia Keys and one by Timbaland with \"One Republic. \"","So, you know, in the - if you look at the top ten, one thing I'm happy about in terms of grading on the curve, if you look at the top ten, every decade that this chart has touched, is represented here. We have one from the 50s, and we also have the '60s, '70s, '80s, and '90s, and this decade represented.","But yeah, there's ample representation of recent hits here. One from this decade in the top 10 being by Mariah Carey, \"We Belong Together. \"","All right, what is changing about the music game with digital distribution?Does it affect how people buy singles, and what might be on the top 100 in the next 50 years?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There are songs from various decades in the top 30 chart.","questions":"How many songs from different decades are included in the top 30 chart?","answer":"Three"}
{"text":["Just quickly, what about men?","Men. Well men, we tend to focus more on outcomes and process. And so we kind of, you know, focus almost exclusively on the outcomes. We tend to like win-lose scenarios, as opposed to negotiating for win-win. And then, men, we tend to be command and control leaders, where as women can be more inclusive and interactive. And so we really have to work on those traits.","Has anyone ever given you static for trying to do the Mars-Venus thing, about how you see men and women?","Well, because it's really my opinion, and they typically let me have that opinion. But again, it's really a broad statement, so I'm not saying all men or all women, but just as a rule, they're some observations that I've had over the years."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Men tend to focus only on outcomes, prefer win-lose scenarios and have commanding leadership style, unlike women who are more inclusive and interactive","questions":"How do men tend to approach scenarios?","answer":"outcomes"}
{"text":["Five hundred pages, yeah.","Yeah, it doesn't seem so simple. Republicans seem pretty certain that the tax bill is going to pass. How big a victory would it be?","You know, it's a pretty big deal. All year, Republicans struggled to get anything done, even though they had full control of the federal government. Now they have this big accomplishment they can point to. And I think that was part of the reason here. You saw a lot of Republicans like Bob Corker of Tennessee saying, I have big concerns, but I'm going to vote yes. A lot of people in Congress just wanted to get a victory. But look at the polling. It's not a popular bill.","It's not.","And you can already hear the Democrats putting together their campaign message against this. I mean, they were going to argue Republicans haven't done anything in Congress. Now they can argue the only thing Republicans have done so far is big tax cuts for the wealthy. So you can hear the messages already.","Indeed, you can. Big deal for the Republicans, but it's not the only issue to come up this week. There's a government funding fight that we're looking at on the horizon and the ongoing Russia probe. And this weekend, we're seeing more pushback against the Mueller investigation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Both A and B agree that the tax bill is not popular","questions":"What do PersonA and PersonB think about the popularity of the tax bill?","answer":"Selfish"}
{"text":["Yeah, I think what Ron said about the end of the day he wants to see all the candidates treated equally. His wish will not be fulfilled is my prediction. As far as I can see, this election is election where Obama is getting all of the scrutiny. Now, when you said media bias, I don't want you to think that this means he's getting all the scrutiny and that scrutiny is positive. He's getting positive scrutiny, he's getting negative scrutiny, and he's getting scrutiny about trivial things that are not normally newsworthy. But my prediction is that the end of the day this is going to be an election where it's going to be about Barack Obama, is he qualified for the job?If he turns out to be, he'll get elected, and if he turns not to be, then McCain will be elected.","All right. Andrew, thank so much.","Great to talk to you, Farai.","Media analyst Andrew Tyndall. He's the publisher of tyndallreport. com, which has been analyzing the network's nightly news coverage for 20 years. And we want to know what you think about the media's coverage of the presidential candidates. Go to our blog at nprnewsandviews. org."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"All right.Andrew, thank so much.\" - The actual meaning is different from the literal meaning. The intended meaning is a truncated expression of thanks, rather than a complete sentence.","questions":"Which expression of gratitude is used by PersonB towards Andrew in turn 1?","answer":"Thanks."}
{"text":["You are so nice for not doing that spoiler alert. But, yes, so many people discuss Israel-Palestine as if its people on a spectrum. But this notion where people say, oh, you know, Israel and Palestine, they disagree. It's not a spectrum. It's metaphysics.","They're in a different reality, whereas, I lived in Jerusalem that had the Temple Mount and a Palestinian neighbor lived in al-Quds that had Haram al-Sharif. Like, literally, we're inhabiting the same space and in a different city with a different extraordinary holy place on the same spot. And, to me, you know, that gets us to the title of this book. I was looking for a space for the no man's land where a moment of understanding might take place.","Is there an affinity between writers and spies?","That's funny. I'm like - I was going to the list. I was like, writers and shrinks, writers and sociopaths. But, yeah, I have a whole list of things. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They're in a different reality, whereas, I lived in Jerusalem that had the Temple Mount and a Palestinian neighbor lived in al-Quds that had Haram al-Sharif. Like, literally, we're inhabiting the same space and in a different city with a different extraordinary holy place on the same spot. And, to me, you know, that gets us to the title of this book. I was looking for a space for the no man's land where a moment of understanding might take place.\"  In this turn, the implied meaning is that although the speaker and their Palestinian neighbor physically occupy the same space, they have distinct and separate realities due to the differences in the names and significance attributed to the holy places they inhabit. The speaker seeks a metaphorical \"no man's land\" where a moment of understanding and connection can occur despite the stark differences in perspectives and experiences.","questions":"Which holy place is located in al-Quds according to the PersonA's statement?","answer":"Haram"}
{"text":["We've been going on the assumption - I suppose largely from movies - that dinosaurs made a big noise. They're such big creatures. Why do you think we're wrong.","Most dinosaur sounds are based on models that are more like lions and tigers and bears. And we know that the two groups of animals alive today that are most closely related to extinct dinosaurs are birds and crocodilians. In fact, birds are living dinosaurs.","So you look at the way birds make noises?","Exactly. That's what we did in this particular study. We looked at one aspect of vocal behavior, which is whether the mouth is open or closed. And we looked at living dinosaurs - birds. We have 10,000 species today. Most of them vocalize, sing with an open mouth. But some birds produce sound with a closed mouth. They actually inflate different structures that allow them to resonate, often at lower frequencies than many other birds. But we also needed to look at alligators and crocodiles as the closest cousins to dinosaurs."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) We've been going on the assumption - I suppose largely from movies - that dinosaurs made a big noise. Actual meaning: We have been mistakenly assuming that dinosaurs were very loud creatures based on what we have seen in movies.","questions":"How did the researchers in this study look at vocal behavior?","answer":"Birds"}
{"text":["Well, you know, this is having a lot of different effects. So you know, some of the students have been expelled. Their admissions have been revoked. Some of the coaches have been fired. They face charges - athletic coaches who were involved in misrepresenting people as being recruits. And of course the legal cases are going to continue to unfold.","But I'm also interested in how it's unfolding in the broader culture at large. You know, whether you look at things like - we had a big debate last year about Harvard and affirmative action. And these conversations about things like legacy admissions are really bringing us to a broader conversation about, what do these elite colleges really offer?You know, the fact that they have nonprofit status - are they really serving the public, or are they just acting in a way that's really inflating their own bottom line and their own brands?","And so I think there's a broader conversation about, are there better ways to have admissions?And can we define excellence in education some other way other than, you know, something that's really expensive and only lets in about 5 percent of people who get to apply?","And for all that conversation, just in our last 30 seconds or so, do you see signs of systemic change coming?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The consequences of the scandal go beyond those immediately involved and have raised questions about the integrity and fairness of elite college admissions.","questions":"Which scandal?","answer":"Scandal"}
{"text":["My pleasure.","And we will get to civilization being in danger, I assure you. But first question - you just heard our interview with our Justice Department correspondent. Is it a good or bad decision not to release the Democratic memo?","I think it's a mistake. I've read the memo. And, again, our entire society is based on, you know, counterpoints. You think this. I think that. And the Socratic process is that the truth falls out as you go through that back and forth. I think it's a mistake not to release.","I have to tell you, you're one of the first public officials I've heard quote the Socratic process. I will mark that - which raises the question that you raise, why does this budget deal put civilization in danger?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The interviewer is surprised by the guest's knowledge of the Socratic process and is implying that the guest's opinion is reliable.","questions":"Which process surprised the interviewer and implies the reliability of the guest's opinion?","answer":"Socratic"}
{"text":["So, you know, is this going to be a situation where states line up basically to sue this lender, and what difference would that make in how this is unfolding?","I think it's going to play out in a number of a ways. Countrywide is - obviously they were the largest non-bank mortgage lender in the country. They were - just sold a few weeks ago to Bank of America for what amount - to pennies on a dollar but many many. Countrywide is by far - was by far the largest player in the subprime crisis in terms of a single mortgage lender. But they weren't the only one. The thing is that Countrywide has become a symbol for how bad this gotten many communities.","And I think if you see a challenge like the one here in Ohio or the one here in Florida proceed with favorable results, you will probably see many other states - especially those where minorities or women or the working class, working poor were hit hard by subprime mortgages - are going to start lining up, and attorneys general are going to be filing suit against Countrywide and many other countries like - companies like Countrywide.","Well, Keith, thanks again."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : suggests that other states will start to take legal action against Countrywide and other similar companies","questions":"How will other states react to the legal action against Countrywide?","answer":"Sue"}
{"text":["I know as far as me in the glamour I always go back to self-responsibility. It really does have to start with the person. They have to make a choice to want to get educated about HIV, and learn about it. And I really think that people should realize that it's a 100 percent - 100 percent preventable disease. It's a disease you don't have to get. It is something you have to acquire. So, I really want people, you know, to get that in their head. Like, quit blaming, you know, the media, or rap videos, or you know, school systems. It really has to start with you.","If you had to describe in one word what keeps you going when you're down, what would it be?","Life. You know, just me. I'm my own motivation, I'm my own role model, you know, I love me, and I'm very happy, you know, that HIV presented itself in my life. You know, a lot of people would regret it or whatever, but it really taught me self-love, self-acceptance, and self-responsibility. And that's the best thing I could possibly ask for.","Well, Marvelyn, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Living with HIV has taught me to love and accept myself, and I am grateful for the experience.","questions":"How has living with HIV impacted Marvelyn's self-perception?","answer":"Self-love"}
{"text":["What does the president want?Do we know?","That is the question. And it seems to be constantly changing. On Tuesday at the White House meeting, the president told lawmakers essentially, if you come up with a compromise, I'll sign what you send me. And so they did come up with a. . .","Yeah, he said I'll sign it. I'll take the heat. Yeah.","Exactly. And so they thought they had done that. And he rejected it. The White House has never put a particularly fine policy detail on what they want. I think it's fair to say he wants a win. And on this issue, it's tough for him because he needs to be able to bring something back to his base on a key issue in his campaign but also come up with a deal that Democrats can vote for."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Interracial interactions can be negatively impacted by implicit racial biases that individuals may not even be aware they possess, highlighting the importance of awareness and education around these biases to promote understanding and positive interactions.","questions":"What is the main theme of turn 3 in the dialogue?","answer":"Compromise"}
{"text":["I mean, it's tempting, and certainly we do it in the news business, to look at a figure like $9 billion and say, you know, figure out what that cost per arrest and everything. But I wonder, isn't it in a sense worth, I don't know, a billion dollars a year to the American people to have that deterrent aboard?Because as people in the program have pointed out, if something happens, there's no one else to call upon for help in an airliner.","Well, you could justify almost anything on that basis. But I will tell you that on any cost-benefit analysis, this program does not hold muster. I can tell you also that while a billion dollars might not seem like much money in the whole federal government. . .","Oh, no, it's a lot of money. Don't get me wrong. . .","It's a lot. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Turn (1) has a non-literal meaning. The speaker is suggesting that the cost of the program may be justified by its deterrent effect, even though it may not be cost-effective in terms of the number of arrests made.","questions":"Which turn has a non-literal meaning?","answer":"Turn"}
{"text":["Yeah. They considered all kinds of things. And - but they were stuck on coming up with a design that was really a wow design. So John Graham hired as a consultant a professor from the University of Washington named Victor Steinbrueck. He's known locally in Seattle as architect-activist who saved the Pike Place Market. But he was a designer, and he worked on the Space Needle design.","He got stuck. And one day, he was sitting in his home office and he saw - he had a beautiful abstract sculpture by a California artist named David Lemon, and it was feminine figure in complete abstract, reaching up to the sky with this narrow waist and then this tripod legs. And it was called \"The Feminine One. \"And he went, aha, OK, there is a unique shape for a tower.","Wow. If you have a question you want to ask Knute, get up there on our microphones and you can ask it. Where there any engineering innovations that were required to get this to be built?Anything about the revolving restaurant, anything like that?","Well, it was interesting because at that time, there were no revolving restaurants."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They had a hard time coming up with something that would amaze and impress people.","questions":"What was the problem faced by the designers while coming up with a design?","answer":"Difficulty"}
{"text":["I like a slice of lime, but you don't need it. And by the way, you better also get that lime before the price goes up.","Jacob Gluck, cheers.","Thank you.","He's co-owner of Goza Tequila based in Atlanta, Ga."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A thinks that the price of lime will increase soon.","questions":"Which condiment does PersonA like to have with their drink?","answer":"Lime"}
{"text":["It has.","Get out.","The time has flown. And you are flying. You are flying across the ocean. You are leaving us.","Great segue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the time has flown means time went by fast.","questions":"How did time pass?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Duane, why don't you describe to us some of the work that you did with actual cases when you were at the California Department of Justice?I mean, what was your job, literally and physically?","Literally, I went to the scene of the crime. I was often the one who collected all the evidence. I also did photography of the crime scene. I did not do fingerprints. There was usually a technician who did that. Back at the laboratory, I would take all that evidence that I collected and inventoried, and I would begin a systematic investigation of that.","As an example, one case in the middle of my career was a triple homicide, and it was a great case from the physical-evidence standpoint. There was bullets. There was blood. There was saliva on cigarette butts. There was hair. There was soil. And I got to basically do it all. And what was really interesting is I presented all these evidence to the jury, laid out a scenario for the crime.","And during the time I was testifying, the defendant called his girlfriend and confessed the crime to her, and then threatened her with death if she ever talked. Well, five minutes later, she called the DA and told the DA about the confession. And she came in to testify at that point, and what she testified to was basically what I had testified to from the physical-evidence standpoint."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn \"Literally, I went to the scene of the crime\" is meant to be taken at face value as a statement about the speaker physically going to the location where a crime was committed. There is no figurative or non-literal meaning to this turn.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue refers to a case involving a triple homicide?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["Now, the Russian government doesn't get many chances in this context internationally, on the global stage, to do the right thing. I have been criticizing the Russian government while I am here. What more can I do to satisfy you or any of these critics who hold these positions?The reality is there is nothing that will satisfy them because it is their suspicion, it is their skepticism, it is their distrust of the Russian government as an institution which is motivating this.","I mean, do I have to detail for you the ways in which the Putin government has earned (laughter) some suspicion?","No, no. Absolutely not. Again, I agree with you. This (laughter) - look, look; this is why I have been criticizing the Russian government. There's no distance between us on that. I'm not saying Vladimir Putin is an angel. I'm not even saying Vladimir Putin is a decent guy. What I'm saying is you have to understand there doesn't need to be a quid pro quo here for it to make sense.","Edward Snowden. Elsewhere in the program, he talks about his work at the NSA before he leaked classified information and tells us what's keeping him from returning to the U. S.  to face trial."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The information was told to others when it was not supposed to be told.","questions":"Which turn describes a piece of information being leaked?","answer":"NSA"}
{"text":[". . . Positions. What will you be looking for, Danielle?","You're right. They back a lot of the same policies - like \"Medicare for All,\" a $15 minimum wage, that sort of thing. And so they have some basic, similar ideas on economics. They both talk about inequality a lot, for example. So one big thing I'm going to look for is just what, if any, daylight emerges between them on some of these really big issues. But aside from that, I'm going to be watching their rhetoric because they do talk about their ideas in different ways.","Elizabeth Warren, for example, tends to talk about how she likes capitalism, but she thinks it needs some major, major fixing. Bernie Sanders, of course, considers himself a democratic socialist, so that's one way they might clash. But aside from that, they tend to frame their ideas in different ways. Bernie Sanders frames his stump speech as being about big, overarching goals about revolution. He brings in these big national inequality statistics over time and says these things need to change. And his supporters love that. Now, Warren, on the other hand, has branded herself in a different way. You may have heard her slogan by now, the. . .","She has a plan."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to look for something in this context means they are trying to see if something will happen","questions":"How does Elizabeth Warren tend to talk about capitalism?","answer":"Fixing"}
{"text":["It was like a brick carriage house. Inside, there was just one room on the first floor and one room on the second floor, so it was an intimate house for a non-intimate family.","Her deep craving for intimacy would lead her to music. And it turns out the things Ani DiFranco wanted to say were exactly what a generation of women coming of age in the '90s wanted to hear.","(Singing) Squint your eyes and look closer. I'm not between you and your ambition. I am a poster girl with no poster. I am 32 flavors and then some.","Ani DiFranco talks about those early years in her new memoir. It's called \"No Walls And The Recurring Dream. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Her deep craving for intimacy would lead her to music. And it turns out the things Ani DiFranco wanted to say were exactly what a generation of women coming of age in the '90s wanted to hear.\" This turn is an example of a figurative language where the meaning is not literal. The words \"deep craving for intimacy\" do not refer to a physical or emotional hunger for intimacy but rather a desire to express oneself intimately through music. Likewise, the phrase \"lead her to music\" does not mean that music was a physical destination but rather a medium for self-expression.","questions":"Which craving did PersonB refer to as leading to music?","answer":"Intimacy"}
{"text":["Yes. I don't think the government contends that she was a spy. She pled guilty to one count of failing to register as a foreign agent. But still, in her statement of the offense, the activities she undertook weren't necessarily covert or spycraft. There's no allegation she's a member of Russian intelligence. And I think that's worn out, although she did pled guilty - plead guilty and is accepting responsibility for not registering as a foreign agent.","Yeah. What was she trying to do then?","She was trying to build bridges between the two countries, and through civil society groups, which I think happens with a lot of foreign nationals and foreign students.","Well, build bridges or - I'm going to mix metaphors here - or create a road in for Russian interests?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : build bridges implies engaging in good human relationship and connections","questions":"How does the term \"build bridges\" suggest the nature of the activities undertaken by the woman?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["That's because they're dark horses, Tony. I don't who they are.","I know who will not be in the final four this time around. My beloved Bruins from UCLA, they're not going anywhere this year.","Serves then right.","Yeah. They had their chance, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : dark horse in this case implies an unknown entity, as in a team that no one knows of or is aware of.","questions":"What does \"dark horse\" imply in this conversation?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah. Hopefully, you know?So whereas in America, you know, you sort of smoothed the edges and you've just put, you know, you've put makeup on. That's what you've done. We're still in the very, you know, you still see all of our imperfections. Whereas in America you try to put a lot of makeup, but the imperfections are still there. And I find that that's the most interesting thing for me.","The changes that we've seen in South Africa over those 17 years are little short of phenomenal.","Yes. It's been amazing. It was a bloodless revolution, you know, because the difference has been - in America, black people have been fighting for their freedom and for their identity and so on, but as a minority. In South Africa, you had a white majority rule, ruling over \u2014 I mean, this is Africa. This is the home of black. It was the black factory. So I mean this is, you know, it was a very different story and never before has there been a bloodless revolution in Africa.","Is there much of a tradition of comedy in South Africa, particularly tweaking the powers that be?You don't think of John Vorster. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is pointing out the cultural differences between America and their country, where America tends to cover up imperfections while their country embraces them. Implicated meaning: The speaker values authenticity and honesty over superficial appearances.","questions":"What does the speaker value?","answer":"Authenticity"}
{"text":["But in addition to that, that same instrument can actually also just suck in Mars atmosphere and can look for methane. And methane is definitely something that we think is primarily associated with biological sources, obviously here on the Earth.","There are some ways in which methane can be created without, you know, living organisms, and so we need to be able to differentiate between the two. But yeah, Mars, there have been investigations done from here on the Earth where we're looking through telescopes at Mars, and we see indications of methane.","And I think hopefully, like I said in the first, next few days, we'll begin to at least see whether or not we can detect similar things.","You know, when you touched down, there were people who were talking about gee, this looks just like the Southwest, down in the desert there. Can you smell it, as if it might be the Southwest?Is there any way to say gee, it smells like the Southwest?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Can you smell\" implies that there is no similarity between gee and southwest.","questions":"Which sense is questioned by PersonB in the dialogue?","answer":"Smell"}
{"text":["Good morning, Scott.","Please give us a fill - so much going on in the Mueller investigation this week.","Well, you know, it seemed like there was Mueller news pretty much every day this week, Scott. On Friday, we learned that Trump's chief financial officer, Allen Weisselberg, has been subpoenaed in the Mueller probe. Now, this is a man who has the keys to the kingdom, if anyone does. We also got a list of 35 witnesses who are expected to be called in the trial of Paul Manafort. Now, that's Trump's 2016 campaign manager. He is accused of money laundering and deceiving the U. S.  government. That trial was delayed until next week. But we do expect this is going to be the new refocusing of the Mueller probe in the days ahead.","Also this week, CNN reported that Michael Cohen - that's the former attorney for the president - is ready to testify that Trump knew about that June 2016 meeting with Manafort and Donald Jr.  and some Russians offering dirt on Hillary Clinton. And we also learned that Putin and the president will not meet in September because they want to wait until after the Mueller probe is over. So they're planning to exchange visits to each other's capital city next year."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is asking for an update on the Mueller investigation.","questions":"How many witnesses are expected to be called in the trial of Paul Manafort?","answer":"35"}
{"text":["Like what, as you see it?","Well, there are a few things. First of all, ABC did try to get the case dismissed in the early going and the judge declined to do that. They tried to remove the case to federal court, which is a pretty well accepted strategy. But they couldn't remove it to federal court. So they were going to end up trying the case, really, in the plaintiff's backyard. So I think that those were risks combined with the fact that there's obviously a great deal of sort of free floating anti-media sentiment out there these days, which is hard to quantify. And the amount that was being requested by the plaintiff was, you know, billions, literally, billions of dollars.","Does a large settlement like this just embolden other people to sue media companies?","Well, I think that after we see a large verdict or a large settlement, we do tend to see an uptick. Many plaintiffs and their lawyers think that maybe media entities are easy get-rich-quick targets. I think that's a mistake."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People may view media entities as easy targets for lawsuits in order to make a quick profit.","questions":"How do some plaintiffs and their lawyers view media entities?","answer":"Get-rich-quick"}
{"text":["Exactly.","At the same time, she's this very sassy character. And, you know, so many of the characters here are very, you know, just sexy, kind of contemporary figures. And there's a joie-de-vivre about this, and even though she touches on a lot of heavy themes, including race and patriotism, there's a certain sass to this. Is that what attracted you to her work?","Well, I was astounded at her work. I was actually looking for something else in her cartoon that is in the late '40s. Most of her cartooning was done in the late '40s and early '50s. This one year of '37 was kind of a little different thing.","I was looking for evidence of a doll. I knew that she created a doll, and I thought I could find some evidence of that in her cartoons. And then yeah, I found the doll, but then I went on to see all of the different topics that she took on, and that got fascinating."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A's turn contains figurative language. The phrase \"looking for evidence of a doll\" is not meant to be taken literally. The speaker is referring to the fact that they were searching for any visual or textual reference to the doll that the artist had created.","questions":"How was PersonA searching for evidence of the doll?","answer":"Visual"}
{"text":["Good morning, Ira.","Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?","Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth.","Rather, what we see is what you mentioned, an actual, probably recent, increase in intellectual ability. We know that our students are the brightest in generations. They score higher on tests than students ever have before. They take more complex courses earlier and accomplish more. So there's all these reasons to believe that at least recently what we see is an actual increase in intellectual ability."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Genetically-based decay in intelligence is extremely slow, we cannot detect it in existing generations.","questions":"How fast is genetically-based decay in intelligence?","answer":"Slow"}
{"text":["Well, yeah.","And - select which is the right kind of alcohol to put in there. Free test it.","Well, they - rum and bourbon.","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is asking A which type of alcohol is suitable for the recipe and wants A to try different types of alcohol to find the best one","questions":"Which method does PersonB suggest for finding the best alcohol?","answer":"Test"}
{"text":["And, of course, a lot of the Democrats are aware of these shortfalls. And there are counties with only one insurance company and counties where it's not clear there are going to be any insurance companies. And some of that's been overblown, but there are real problems. And, of course, any bill, any large program, any law needs to be revisited and amended, and the parties need to get together to do that.","These insults this week flying back and forth between the president and Kim Jong Un - lunatic, frightened dog, dotard. I don't know about you, I had to look that one up.","We all did.","This is this just scenery chewing or are people in official Washington worried it could encourage something more destructive?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) implies that the speaker was surprised by the unusual words used in the exchange between the president and Kim Jong Un, and had to look up the meaning of one of them. ","questions":"What word did the speaker have to look up?","answer":"One"}
{"text":["But you can actually trace the Denisovan material in some populations but not in others in Island Southeast Asia. It's very easy to see because it's very distinct from modern human DNA. It's kind of like a medical imaging dye, and you can actually see who carries them and who doesn't and what the gene flow and migration patterns were.","Fascinating, David Reich, thank you for taking time to be with us today.","Thank you.","And good luck to you. I know you're going to go out hunting for more fossils, more Denisovans."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Denisovan material is identifiable in some populations but not in others, and it's easy to distinguish it from modern human DNA","questions":"Which material can be identified in some populations but not in others?","answer":"Denisovan"}
{"text":["From NPR News, I'm Farai Chideya. For Wednesday, February 13th, this is News and Notes.","From NPR News, This s News and Notes. I'm Farai Chideya. The White House race only gets hotter, especially if you're John McCain. Yesterday the Arizona Senator picked up the Potomac primary wins in Washington, D. C.  and Maryland. He also took Virginia, where Mike Huckabee put up a good fight. The victories are edging McCain closer to the GOP candidate seat, and as for the Democrats, yesterday was all Barack Obama. He swept the Potomac Primaries and stacked up key delegate points. Joining me now to sort through the numbers is Ron Elving. He's NPR's senior Washington editor. Hi, Ron.","Hello, Farai.","So how many delegates did McCain pick up?","McCain picked up a little over a hundred, possibly as many as 113, depending on how they sort out Maryland. But he got everything in Virginia, all 30 delegates, despite the fact he only won by nine percentage points. That's the way the Republican rules work. You can win certain winner take all states, no matter what your plurality or majority may be, you get all the delegates. So he did that in Virginia and the District of Columbia and he'll get virtually all of the delegates in Maryland. So he picked up somewhere between 100 and 113 delegates. It puts him pretty much out of sight. He's got more than three times as many as Mike Huckabee."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : John McCain is doing well in the Republican primaries.","questions":"Which state did McCain get all 30 delegates from?","answer":"Virginia"}
{"text":["Yeah. And is the money - is it as big as drug money, for example?","Much more. I mean, I made drug trafficking for years. But here, we are talking about money that there's no comparison with drugs. Just to give you an idea for two reasons. First of all because these are money that's collected in advance and without risk. It's a typical business without risk because when you put 500 people in a boat, like, 20-meters long and 4-meters large and cost a few thousand euros, you get something like 1 million euros, 800,000 euros for each boat with a cost that is very, very low. And you don't risk anything because basically, you don't care if the human good - the good that you are. . .","Yeah.",". . . Trafficking arrives or not. It's not the same with drugs because is if a load of a drug is lost, of course, there is a real problem. Somebody must pay it. If 100 people died in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea but they pay in advance, there is not any kind of problem for them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) is implying that human traffickers don't have to worry about accountability or paying for lost goods if the people they are trafficking do not arrive safely, unlike drug traffickers.","questions":"Which traffickers don't have to worry about accountability or paying for lost goods?","answer":"Human"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And there is a risk, from the government's point of view, that if they aren't seen to act, then the Bharatiya Janata Party, the BJP, which is a Hindu nationalist party which has been in power before, might appear to be a better option because it is tougher on this sort of subject.","Congress has not really got it together. They don't have a good national leader. And there isn't - the government isn't showing the drive and the command that the people are increasingly wanting.","John Elliott is a writer in Delhi, India. He writes for Fortune magazine, and he also keeps a blog called \"Riding the Elephant. \"Thank you, John.","Thanks very much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The government is not providing strong leadership, which is causing dissatisfaction among the people.","questions":"Which subject is the Bharatiya Janata Party tougher on, according to the dialogue?","answer":"Subject"}
{"text":["The bad news in this story involves the main character's family and her country of origin. She is from Haiti. Most of the characters in Danticat's new book of short stories are Haitian-American. They live in New York or Miami, but Haiti is often in their hearts and on their minds. Natural disasters and political disasters have sent many of its people fleeing to the U. S.  Danticat's book of short stories called \"Everything Inside\" reflects her experiences as an immigrant.","How did your family come to the United States?","My father first came when I was 2 years old. He came on a tourist visa, which he overstayed, and as did my mother. When I - she left when I was 4, and they were undocumented for about eight years. And during that time, we were separated. I stayed in Haiti with my aunt and uncle. And when I was 12, after they had changed their status and were - got their papers, then they were able to send for me and my brother to join them in Brooklyn, N. Y. , in 1981.","I'm sure you've had to tell this story more than once, and I'm sorry to dwell on it. But both as a parent and as a son, to think about so many years away from your parents and especially those particular years, that could not have been easy."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Danticat's book of short stories reflects the immigrant experience","questions":"How does Danticat's book reflect the immigrant experience?","answer":"Immigrant"}
{"text":["In a word, Ari - schadenfreude. I think at this moment, whether you look at politics or society in general, there is a lot of concern about fraud, about misrepresentation, people not being who they say they are, not to mention a lot of resentment of wealth and privilege and all the trappings that come with it. And the way this story has unfolded, the fact that these families really seem to believe that the rules should not apply to them - that's been galling to many people.","And then look at the setting, right?So elite colleges are the source of such cultural fascination. Some would say obsession. Highly selective colleges - you know, they only enroll about 1 percent of all college students. So they're very, very small. But then again, they have these brands that are known all over the world. And they're supposed to stand for merit, for hard work, for the best and the brightest.","And so when you look at something like this or, even bigger, the legacy admissions or the fact that some wealthy donors can write a check and get their kid into college that way supposedly, it - all of this is really going to undermine the idea of having institutions in our society that represent hard work and being kind of excellent.","So where do these cases go from here?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  Implied meaning: Elite colleges are seen as a source of envy and reverence, but they are also seen as a symbol of hard work and excellence. ","questions":"What are elite colleges supposed to stand for?","answer":"Merit"}
{"text":["Yeah, which politicians are able to do when required. She was very much a quiet remainer. She made one speech at the beginning and then vanished. It was almost as if she too was calculating and looking at the greater prize at the end.","Let's turn to the Labour Party. Jeremy Corbyn, the leader, has been accused of campaigning to stay in the EU just about as enthusiastically as speaker Paul Ryan in the U. S.  has been campaigning for Donald Trump.","Yeah. I think that's a - it's a perfect analogy. And he was a long-term euro skeptic, but his campaign was so (unintelligible). And he was asked on a tv show how important Britain remain in the European was, and this was at the height of the campaign. And he said, well, seven - seven and a half, and that went down very, very badly. You're not going to win votes like that, and he didn't. And there was a revolt in the Labour heartlands, in the industrial north areas, which have not done particularly well in recent years as manufacturing declines. And as a result, there was a huge uprising in the Westminster party and the houses of Parliament against him.","Yeah, his members of his shadow cabinet have been stepping up to resign."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : idiom meaning that members of Corbyn's shadow cabinet have been leaving their positions, and is not meant to be taken literally.","questions":"What is the idiom used to describe the members of Corbyn's shadow cabinet leaving their positions?","answer":"Idiom"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Good morning.","Thank you for having me.","Do you still feel a wall wouldn't be effective?","Absolutely. No. I mean, again - and I've said this before - a wall is definitely not going to be statistically significant. And the current existing wall, in fact, has had many issues. In reference to breaching the wall, I know some of the reports out had, existing walls have been breached thousands of times. And again, going back to the price tag that is going to cost the American taxpayer - it's just an incredible amount of money that's just going to be wasted."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A wall is not a good solution for border security and would waste taxpayers' money.","questions":"Which solution does PersonA think is not effective and would waste taxpayers' money?","answer":"Wall"}
{"text":["One sergeant in the Green Berets told you - and this gives you some sense of the intensity of what went on - I've never seen that many rocket-propelled grenades in my career.","That's correct. He's an 11-year veteran of the Green Beret team, so he's pretty much seen it all in Iraq and Afghanistan. And he said it was almost, you know, cinematic. This particular attack seemed so highly orchestrated that they just felt like, you know - that they were throwing everything that they could at them.","Why weren't the Afghan military forces in Ghazni able to repel this Taliban attack?","The local forces had communication problems. They weren't able to really strategize about how to beat back the Taliban forces. They were overwhelmed in a lot of ways, despite the fact that they're flush with U. S. -supplied weaponry, at that. There were reports of Afghan military firing on their own forces, as well as American convoys. And there were reports that they had delivered the wrong supplies to police departments that were in desperate need of more ammunition. So really, what it came down to was that they needed the U. S.  Special Forces and Afghan commandos, which is special forces of sorts for the Afghans, to be able to have strategy, to be able to communicate with one another and to be able to act in concert rather than these sort of disparate skirmishes.","That adds up to a pretty damning appraisal of the Afghan military's readiness."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They had a large amount of weapons from the United States.","questions":"How were the Afghan military forces equipped?","answer":"Flush"}
{"text":["Confrontation between the two sides is always a risk. And there has been military confrontation between the United States and the Islamic Republic since the conception of the Islamic Republic, whether it was takeover of the American embassy, whether it was the bombing of the Marine barracks in Lebanon and, most recently, of course in terms of targeting American military personnel in Iraq. So that's the reality of the situation - that United States and Iran have always coexisted in a measure of a low-intensity conflict. However, both sides have always walked back from the brink in terms of total war, and I suspect it will be that way in this case as well.","So who blinks to get the two sides to the negotiating table, given that the rhetoric has been increasing; the violence has increased over the last month?How do they get out of this cycle?","Well, they were both heading toward the negotiations, and I think for the Iranians, a certain narrative of success was being established that could have served as a prelude to negotiations. Now comes again a series of American sanctions and Iranian responses.","Both sides at some point will get to their narrative of success. Iranians will suggest that they have withstood the American pressure and, therefore, they're prepared to talk. And the president has always been willing to talk without any conditions at any time. Then the Trump administration will also suggest that their policy of maximum pressure works. So at one point, when both sides declare victory, that's usually a prelude to the talks."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"declare victory\" is an idiom that means to claim success, even if it is not a complete victory. It does not mean to officially declare victory in a war.","questions":"How does \"declare victory\" function as an idiom in the dialogue?","answer":"Claim-success"}
{"text":["Yeah.","And then it. . .","Very briefly.",". . . couldn't start."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A did not want to talk about the topic for too long","questions":"How did PersonA respond to the topic?","answer":"Briefly"}
{"text":["But there's also wars - Syria, Libya, other places. So it's a very mixed picture. But the common denominator, I think, is that you've got several hundred million Arab men and women who are saying that the consent of the governed matters, that the citizen has rights, and we want real constitutions. And they're trying to create those with a foundational structure of social justice.","Social justice is the enormous driver of these revolutions, which is almost totally unarticulated and very misunderstood in the West.","And it certainly was in Syria. Again, the spark, the death of a small boy.","In Syria you had Hamza Khateeb, the little boy who was tortured and killed, and very badly tortured, 14-year-old kid. And the original outburst of the uprising in Daraa, in south Syria, in March 2011, was when the local government, local police officers there, tortured some young kids who had written some graffiti on the wall, like we want reform. It was something very mild, but little kids who were 10, 12, 14 years old, and they were tortured by the police."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : mixed picture means that all the countries have a lot of differences","questions":"How is social justice misunderstood in the West, according to A?","answer":"Driver."}
{"text":["Brazil is one of the leading producers of two very important crops: soy and corn. But lately, frozen credit has made it nearly impossible for farmers there to afford the basics that they need to grow those crops. Brian Willott farms 2,000 acres of soybeans just outside Bahia, Brazil. He joins us now by phone.","Welcome, Brian, and can you explain for us how the credit situation there in Brazil has affected you and other farmers?","Credit's a big problem right now. No farmer can survive today without credit, and since the credit crunch hit, everyone's credit has either been cut, delayed or more expensive. And it's got everyone here quite worried.","What do you use loans for?How important is it?What do you use it to buy?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The frozen credit in Brazil has made it difficult for farmers to afford the basics needed to grow soy and corn crops","questions":"Which crops are affected by the frozen credit in Brazil?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["This week saw a victory for gun control advocates and a rare legal defeat for the firearms industry. The Connecticut Supreme Court ruled that families of victims of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting can sue the manufacturer of the rifle used in that attack. The gun-maker is Remington Arms Company. The gun used is the AR-15-style Bushmaster rifle. One of the plaintiffs in the case is David Wheeler. His 6-year-old son, Ben, was among the 26 people killed - 20 of them first-graders. David, welcome to the program.","Thank you, Melissa.","What does this news mean to you?","Well, it's complex. Of course, it's complicated. I have an emotional reaction and more of an intellectual reaction that, you know, bounce around in me at the same time. It's a relief, certainly, emotionally. But I understand the - or have some layman's understanding of the complex nature of this case. But more importantly, it's not what it means to me. I think it's what it means for all Americans, which is this is the justice system prevailing. This is the Connecticut State Supreme Court saying these people have a legitimate claim. And they deserve a day in court."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Connecticut State Supreme Court believes that the victims' families have a legitimate claim and deserve their day in court, which is a victory for all Americans","questions":"Which court believes that the victims' families have a legitimate claim?","answer":"Connecticut"}
{"text":["At the Melbourne Zoo, the monkeys are no longer allowed to eat bananas. And the pandas are getting pellets instead of plums. In fact, fruit has been phased out completely. That's because the fruit that humans have selectively bred over the years has become so full of sugar the zoo's fruitarian animals were becoming obese and losing teeth. So how did fruit get so sugary?And what does that mean for us humans?We're putting those questions to food writer and author Frederick Kaufman, who joins us now. Welcome to the program.","Oh. Hi. How are you?","I'm great. Thanks. So how has fruit changed since humans intervened in this process?","Well, listen. Since about 10,000 years ago in the origin of agriculture, human beings have been messing around with the sex life of plants. What you're looking at is natural varieties, which are puny, which are tasteless, which have no smell. And the farmers were like, we can do better than this. And they started crossbreeding almost from the get-go."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Humans began changing the way plants spread and grew.","questions":"How did humans intervene in the process of plant breeding?","answer":"Crossbreeding"}
{"text":["And what about men?After all, they groom too, especially their beards. So, they need tables of their own. Well, these vanities aren't really tables. Men stood to shave at narrow cabinets with stacks of drawers for their grooming supplies. One glossy modern piece caught my eye.","It's red and it's plastic by Raymond Loewy. The design date is 1969. It was manufactured and he made variations on the theme. But this is the men's shaving stand. And as you see, there's no place to sit. So, he combined sort of the historical idea of men's dressing tables with new contemporary materials, the molded plastic. He has no handles, but the grips on the drawers come out of the molded plastic. And the mirror, again, pops up. When you pull it down, it looks like just one closed cabinet. But in fact it's a men's shaving stand.","What is it, do you think, in the human psyche that we - so many of us - I mean, look at the human history that's shown here in this exhibit - need to look at ourselves, at least for a time, to begin the day?","It is inexplicable, it's innate. It's something in our gene pool. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In both of these turns, the implied meaning goes beyond the literal words used. The speaker is not simply asking about the reasons behind the human need to look at themselves or stating that it is innate and related to genetics. The implied meaning suggests a deeper exploration of human psychology and the significance of self-reflection as a part of our daily","questions":"Which turn goes beyond the literal words used and implies a deeper exploration of human psychology?","answer":"Turn3."}
{"text":["When you have to design clothing for patients, what has to be taken into consideration?","We worked with nurses to say OK, which parts of the body do you need to be able to get to?And so we came up with - for women, we have a back-opening dress, which is actually the closest thing to a hospital gown. But you would never guess it. I've worn it in the playground. I've worn it to the supermarket. But it has all that ease of opening in that it opens at the back. And it also has openings down the arms and a very discreet opening to the stomach.","Why is it important to have patients feeling better about the way that they look?","Well, if you feel self-confident - and therefore in charge of your medical treatment - then you are much more likely to want to get up and move around and ultimately recover faster. But there's also a very physical aspect of it, which is if you don't do those things, if you just stay in bed, there's actually a higher risk of infection. And you lose your muscle tone, which makes walking ultimately harder. So your hospital stay becomes longer."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of this statement would be that the speaker is expressing surprise that the listener would not be able to guess that the back-opening dress is similar to a hospital gown. However, in this context, the actual meaning is that the dress is designed to look like a regular dress and not like a typical hospital gown, despite its functional features.","questions":"Which dress has openings down the arms and a very discreet opening to the stomach?","answer":"Backopeningdress"}
{"text":["Dr.  Jason Karlawish is a professor of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. He says the most significant breakthrough in Alzheimer's research is that doctors no longer have to wait until after a patient has died to diagnose the disease.","DR.  JASON KARLAWISH: We are beginning to be able to see the disease during life. Imaging techniques are allowing us to see things like amyloid buildup in the brain using PET scan imaging. We can also see it on MRI scanning and spinal fluid analysis. These are still emerging concepts but the notion that it can, quote, \"only be diagnosed with an autopsy\" is, I think, a fading notion.","What are the treatment options that are available at this moment?","Pharmacologic treatments are certain available. They're modest in their affects in modifying the clinical symptoms of the disease for relatively short periods of time. But there are other treatments, though, that are effective. Psychological and educational and behavioral interventions have clearly been shown to reduce the burden of disease on patients as well as families."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The way people communicate can reveal their values, beliefs, and attitudes, and understanding these can help build stronger relationships and resolve conflicts.","questions":"Which aspect of Alzheimer's research can now be seen during a patient's life?","answer":"Amyloid"}
{"text":["And he met a tragic end, I gather.","Yup. Much like Martin Luther King, he had his young life cut short by gunfire from a white assassin.","I don't understand how America doesn't know so much about him and why Philadelphia took so long to recognize him.","I think part of it is that in the decades after reconstruction, there was almost a big version of what we might now call a white backlash. America got into the birth of a nation era when that movie depicted Klansmen as heroes and black leaders of reconstruction as morons and sexual predators when in fact there's this whole rich history that lots of good historians have started to dig out in the last few decades of black political activists who even began their activism right at the tail end of slavery."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meanings of these turns are: (2) Martin Luther King was killed by a white assassin; (3) America doesn't understand or appreciate the contributions of black leaders during Reconstruction; (4) America's history of racism and white supremacy has been ignored or minimized for many decades.","questions":"How was Martin Luther King's life cut short?","answer":"assassin"}
{"text":["What were some of the challenging parts of school?What did you find the hardest?","Reading, studying my lessons. You know, because I had to read more, you know, and because, you know, as you get older, your short-term memory sort of fails you once in a while. So to make sure that you got the material where you could reproduce it, you had to study a little harder and do a little more research.","So tell me what graduation day was like?","Oh, the best day of my life, I guess. Life doesn't get any better. Life doesn't get any better. With my family there, all my friends cheering me on, I felt like I was 16 years old. What a day. What a day. I was happy. Everybody was pleased. They gave me a good ovation. I really enjoyed it. I really did. I cannot explain to you in words my feelings."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the speaker says \"Life doesn't get any better\" to express how happy they were on their graduation day. This is a figurative expression that means they were extremely happy and couldn't imagine a better moment in their life. The literal meaning of the expression is not true, as life can certainly get better or worse depending on circumstances.","questions":"What phrase did the speaker use to describe their level of happiness on graduation day?","answer":"Life"}
{"text":["Thanks so much for having me on.","Can you tell me a little bit about Nebraska's land and what it means to its residents, the farmers?","Yeah. So Nebraska is in many ways a typical Great Plains state. Because the Missouri River cuts through along the eastern edge of the state, that's where all of the population originally settled. And so you have major industrial centers in south Sioux City and in Omaha. And then you have the capital educational center of Lincoln. But when you travel west of Lincoln, there's almost no one there. The small farming communities have gotten smaller and smaller in the last 50 years. And you can drive for hours essentially seeing only flatlands that are planted to corn and to soybeans and occasionally dotted with hog barns and feedlots for cattle.","Speaking to that disappearing landscape, I'd like you to read a page from your book, page 69.","(Reading) To understand, first remember - Nebraska is a place. It sits square as an anvil in the center of our maps. And yet somehow, everyone manages to forget it exists. Maybe that's because Nebraska is also a land of ghosts, of small towns dwindling to the point where in another generation they might simply cease to exist.","Why are they disappearing?Where are they going?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Nebraska is often overlooked or forgotten despite its importance and existence.","questions":"How is Nebraska often perceived?","answer":"Overlooked"}
{"text":["The World War II submarine veterans that survived - most people don't know this, but submarine service was the deadliest service to be in during World War II. So these guys wanted to honor all their lost friends. And ironically, they had to use spring floods to actually put it in place, and we're going to have to use spring floods or early summer floods to put it back in place, so full circle, you know?","Yeah. So I'm talking to you, of course, on Memorial Day. You had a whole ceremony planned at the memorial park. What did you all have planned?","Well, another thing that we have on the ground is a piece of the USS Oklahoma, one of the battleships that sunk at Pearl Harbor. And we were actually going to do what we call a tolling for all the people who perished on board the USS Oklahoma. So it's over 400 people. It's a beautiful ceremony. And that's the painful thing is that everybody's off today, but we don't feel complete because we're not doing what we want to do. We're not honoring the people that have given their lives for this country. And it's kind of - I don't know. I don't know how to take it. It's weird.","Well, Brent Trout, thank you so much for taking the time to speak with us. And we wish you luck in the coming days as you watch what happens with the water there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Not being able to honor the fallen soldiers on Memorial Day is painful.","questions":"What is the name of the battleship that sank at Pearl Harbor?","answer":"USSOklahoma"}
{"text":["Absolutely not. In fact, the people of my state should know we are doing everything in our power to defend them. If it comes to a legal fight with the Trump administration, we're prepared to have it. I've had some experience with taking on the Trump administration litigation. We have yet to lose a case yet, and I don't plan on starting with this issue.","Attorney General Bob Ferguson of Washington state, thanks so much.","Oh, thank you, Scott. Have a great day.","And we contacted the Department of Justice for comment on Mr.  Ferguson's remarks about Attorney General Sessions. We have yet to receive a response."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the reporter contacted the Department of Justice for comment, but the implied meaning is that the reporter wants to highlight the lack of response from the Department of Justice, which can suggest a lack of transparency or accountability.","questions":"How did the reporter react to the lack of response from the Department of Justice?","answer":"Lack"}
{"text":[". . . A different kind of catch and kill.",". . . Another chapter of the story, yeah. NPR's David Folkenflik.","Thanks, David.","You bet."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The phrase \"You bet\" in (4) is a colloquial phrase which means \"You're welcome\" or \"No problem\".","questions":"What does the phrase \"You bet\" mean?","answer":"Colloquial"}
{"text":["I think that some of the red lines for the Europeans relate to what Iran has threatened to do in its next phase of so-called noncompliance with this nuclear deal. And that relates to increasing the percentage threshold currently in place for enriching uranium. This is going to be a critical aspect of how Iran can expand its nuclear program. And that's where we might see the Europeans escalating this issue at the U. N.  Security Council.","But we're definitely seeing the rhetoric and the sounds from Tehran escalate as the U. S.  pressure campaign mounts on.","That's Ellie Geranmayeh of the European Council on Foreign Relations. Thank you for joining us.","Pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Iran has threatened to increase uranium enrichment, which may result in European escalation at the U.N. Security Council","questions":"Which country's nuclear program might be expanded based on the critical aspect mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Iran"}
{"text":["There are 13 suspects being held in connection with these bombings. Is there much known about them?","Not much. Police say they've also uncovered a van that was used by the attackers, also a safe house. Three police officers were killed in a blast at that property. Officials say the suspects detonated explosives, killing themselves rather than being taken into custody alive. The big question is who those suspects are, whether these attacks were planned locally or internationally. And there's been no claim of responsibility. Sri Lanka's been through this before, though. It fought a 26-year civil war. And at the height of that conflict, bombings were common on shopping malls, hotels, attacks like this. And what's sad is that Sri Lanka was just about to celebrate 10 years of peace, 10 years since the end of that conflict.","Lauren, it was just five weeks ago that the mosque shootings happened in New Zealand. Do you have any sense of worldwide reaction to what happened in Sri Lanka?","Yeah. I mean, the Eiffel Tower shut off its lights tonight to pay tribute to the Sri Lanka victims. Messages of shock and condolences are pouring in, including from the New Zealand prime minister. President Trump also tweeted his condolences. He said, quote, \"we stand ready to help\" - exclamation point. Pope Francis spoke at St.  Peter's Square in Rome, saying that he wanted to express his loving closeness to the Christian community in Sri Lanka. He noted that, you know, many of these people were killed while they were praying, attending services on Easter Sunday morning."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"President Trump also tweeted his condolences.He said, quote, 'we stand ready to help' - exclamation point.\" - The literal meaning is that President Trump expressed his sympathies for the victims and offered to assist in any way possible. The actual meaning is that President Trump's offer to help may be perceived as insincere or politically motivated by some people, given his controversial history with certain groups and countries.","questions":"What was the perception of some people towards President Trump's offer to help?","answer":"Perceived"}
{"text":["Initially, Manaf was very close to Bassel. I mean, he was his childhood friend. But when Bassel died and Bashar became the heir, obviously, the friendship and the loyalties were transferred to Bashar. And Manaf was by Bashar's side, you know, from the get-go.","You know, in 2011, when the uprising started, here, Manaf made the break and said, you know, I'm not going to be like my father, Mustafa; I'm not going to kill, you know, to preserve this regime. So he stepped back and eventually had to leave the country.","When you talked to Manaf Tlass, who was a loyalist for so long, what does he say is the moment when he said, I got to get out of this - this friendship, this country?","Initially, when the uprising started, Manaf was trying to convince Bashar not to use violence, not to actually shoot protesters. But the problem is, you know, Bashar was surrounded by these hardliners - his brother Maher al-Assad and his cousin Hafez Makhlouf. So this is very much a family affair ruling Syria. These people were for actually shooting people from the first day. And the idea was if you shot enough people from the first day, you would scare them off the streets. That was the logic."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The hardliners around Bashar were responsible for using violence against protesters","questions":"How were the protesters treated by Bashar's hardliners?","answer":"Violence"}
{"text":["Well, let's talk about that pivot. We heard that Barack Obama will be speaking with President Bush sometime, perhaps, this week?","He will be. He'll be having lots of conversations with President Bush, with Secretary of Treasury Paulson, Secretary Gates at the Pentagon. These are all conversations he will have. He's got a couple of different tasks. One, of course, is to name his team going forward, but then also to deal with some things that are right in front of him.","There are decisions to be made both - Congress is coming back to hold a session to talk about another stimulus package. And then, of course, there's a meeting at the White House of international leaders, to which Senator Obama has been invited. And so, he already sort of has a to-do list before he's even in office. That goes beyond what presidents traditionally face, which is merely putting together a cabinet and putting together a White House staff.","Yeah, I was going to say, when was the last time this happened, that almost the day after or even the night of his election, he's already planning. He's already governing, in a sense."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Obama is already working before he is officially in office.","questions":"Which president is Obama working with before his official term starts?","answer":"Bush"}
{"text":["If that was the concern initially, I've never heard it expressed in recent years. There are now so many people who have gotten out, and their stories have been corroborated by, you know, so many of these different people who've escaped that it's, you know, North Korea is as bad as they say, and perhaps even worse.","But, you know, I would like to say that the stories are also inspiring. You hear these terrible things, and sometimes I go to sleep at night thinking about the horrible stories I'd heard about life in North Korea. But at the same time, it's very positive to think that after six decades of totalitarian repression, there are people who are still longing for freedom and have the courage to go after it.","Yet it raises the question of the many more who are still inside that hell on Earth.","Indeed. And the 24,000, 25,000 who have gotten out are a drop in the bucket when you consider there are still 25 million people enslaved in North Korea. However, the North Koreans who escape are small in number, but they have provided a huge service, two ways. One is that they've educated all of us about the reality of life in North Korea. Nobody can say today that we didn't know. We now know about the gulag. We know about the way the government uses food as a political tool. We know all of this."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Even though the conversation is centered on the North Koreans who have escaped, turn (3) highlights the fact that there are still millions of people living under the oppressive regime in North Korea, and their plight should not be overlooked or forgotten.","questions":"What is the number of people still living under the oppressive regime in North Korea?","answer":"Millions"}
{"text":["So is presentation, how you present the food, influence how it's tasting, you know?Does the fact that it's presented in - on a tray in an airplane at 40,000 feet mean it's going to taste different, or your expectations might be different?","Absolutely. Presentation is very important. And you bring up an interesting point about eating at 30,000 feet. The - as we all know, if we're lucky enough to get served a meal in an airplane. . .",". . . food just doesn't seem to taste right on an airplane.","Right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is turn (3).  In turn (3), the speaker says \"food just doesn't seem to taste right on an airplane.\" The literal meaning of this statement is that the food does not taste good when eaten on an airplane. ","questions":"What is the implied meaning of turn 3?","answer":"Different"}
{"text":["It is. And there's actually - turns out, there's a lot of responsibility with that because there are spectators everywhere. There are cameras everywhere. There's high winds, of course. They have to watch out for that. And anybody who doesn't stop when the yellow jersey stops, they're - they get in big trouble. And anybody who pees when there is too much wind or when they're in a group stuck somewhere, there are repercussions for people who sort of break these secret pee rules.","What other anecdotes do you have from other sports?","Well, the way I like to put this is there are nearly 3 billion gallons of urine evacuated on earth every day. And my reporting discovered that it seems like most of it ends up on an NFL field somewhere. Really, at any given moment, on an NFL sideline, there are probably a handful of players relieving themselves. They're sort of hiding in plain sight, whether they're going behind a towel or just going into their football pants or going behind an equipment case. You know, there are maybe 10 different techniques that football players relieve themselves during NFL games.","And wait, did you actually say that some of them just pee their pants?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"hiding in plain sight\" - this is a figurative expression meaning that someone is trying to remain inconspicuous while being in an obvious location.","questions":"How are football players relieving themselves during NFL games?","answer":"Techniques"}
{"text":["I think it is.","Oh my gosh!","I think it is.","This is a huge day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This is a day where a something very important has happened or is happening.","questions":"How would you describe the significance of the day?","answer":"Important"}
{"text":["Every administration has some level of dysfunction. But in a White House that is running somewhat more smoothly than this one, how would this work when it's a well-oiled machine or something close to it?","Well, I was involved in a similar case back in the Clinton presidency when we were examining someone for a high position in national security and seemed like a very fine candidate. But then we began to learn things about his past that were troubling. Red flags started to go up. And we went to the president and said, Mr.  President, there are some real problems here; these are very problematic. And the nominations then just disappeared.","So the public didn't know about it at that point.","The public didn't know and still doesn't know, and I don't think it's fair to the individual. His name was never put into play. I think his privacy should be protected since he wasn't seeking a job; he didn't - wasn't nominated. Here's the thing that also mystifies me because there's so much about this is strange. You would think that candidate himself, knowing how the system works, knowing that there's going to be deep scrutiny - you would think that the potential nominee would go to the chief of staff of the White House and say, we need to talk, and volunteer the information so there can be no misunderstandings along the way instead of having a situation here where people just sat on the information clearly some people knew."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The candidate had something troubling in their past.","questions":"Which high position was the candidate being examined for?","answer":"Security"}
{"text":["Burnt hair, desiccated strawberry, armpit, you know (laughter).","Very precise and unusual.","And there's also this new trajectory to incorporate the language of science. So instead of saying that something smells like green bell pepper, sommeliers are now describing it as smelling of pyrazines, which, by the way, is a chemical that is present in both sauvignon blanc and cabernet sauvignon grapes and in green bell peppers. So don't always roll your eyes at the sommelier.","I don't roll my eyes at the sommelier. I've actually always been intimidated by interacting with the sommelier. I wanted to ask you if you would take a moment to sort of teach someone like me. Can you walk me through it?","A lot of us, when we're given the wine list, treat it as a multiple-choice test. We're handed this list of a hundred options. And we have until the sommelier circles back to us to figure out the right answer.","Exactly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : In this turn, the literal meaning of \"treat it as a multiple-choice test\" would imply approaching the wine list in a structured and exam-like manner. The actual meaning, however, is that people often feel pressured to choose the \"correct\" wine option from a large list and may feel uncertain about their selection until the sommelier returns for their order.","questions":"Which pressure do people feel while choosing wine from a list?","answer":"Uncertain"}
{"text":["Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Turn B: The actual meaning of \"handiwork of a nation-state\" is that Flame was likely created by a government agency, rather than an individual or group. The term \"handiwork\" is used figuratively to suggest that the creation of the malware was a deliberate and skillful act.","questions":"What is the term used figuratively in turn PersonB to suggest that the creation of the malware was a deliberate and skillful act?","answer":"Handiwork"}
{"text":["Good morning, Debbie. How are you?","I'm good. When you hold hearings on the administration's immigration policies, what are going to be the key questions you're going to be looking to have answered?","Well, for the last two years, we've had very few oversight hearings on the department. Now, we've only talked to the secretary one time since she's been secretary. And so we plan to do robust oversight on the whole department. It just so happens that the border is front and center now because of what's going on. We're very concerned about the tragic death of the two children. We're concerned about the wholesale release of migrants seeking asylum on the streets of El Paso.","So we want to get to the bottom of why these things are happening. Is it a resource issue?Is it an issue that the policies that are presently being implemented are causing the system to not work?So oversight is what we have to do. It's our mandate from Congress, and we plan to do it.","Now, you're not the only incoming chairman who's looking at oversight. There'll be other committees - judiciary, intelligence, for example - who will also be investigating. Could that be a recipe for overreach?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is asking for an explanation of the actions the committee plans to take to investigate the administration's immigration policies.","questions":"Which policies is the speaker asking about?","answer":"Immigration."}
{"text":["With us now, author and economist Julianne Malveaux, she is president of Bennett College. Welcome, Dr.  Malveaux.","Greetings, Farai. How are you?","I'm doing well, but some people aren't. And let's talk about these figures and really, what is shifting in our economy right now in terms of the different sectors where people are losing these tens of thousands of jobs?","Well, people are looking ahead and they're very uncertain, and that's what we see in markets. We see people laying people off. We also have some challenge in financial market. Certainly, the Bear Stearns' crisis raises all kinds of questions. The housing market, of course, we've talked about that on this program several times, but the fact is that we see a stagnancy. We don't see growth. We see houses that are overvalued. Lots of people in mortgage crisis. People who bought homes within the last five years finding that they overpaid for their homes and they couldn't sell them in what they paid for them, so they're stuck. That removes liquidity."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : How are you?\" - The literal meaning is a question about Farai's well-being. The implied meaning is a standard greeting used in social interactions.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue is a standard greeting used in social interactions?","answer":"greeting"}
{"text":["Thank you.","Eduardo, the group of survivors quickly formed a community, sharing tasks, rotating sleeping positions so everyone would get a chance at a more comfortable spot in the wrecked plane. Can you talk a little bit about that?- those first few days.","Yeah. As you can imagine, it has been the most awful, terrible days of my life. It was awful and long nights. We have a very small space. We were 29 people at the first. And we have no warm clothes (ph), no water. We have to melt snow. It was very difficult because the weather was very cold. And the snow was all over the kerosene of the engines of the plane. We are surrounded with our friends, who died. And that first night was really impossible to describe.","Of course, the aspect of the story that has gained the most notoriety was the decision you all made that in order to survive, you would have to start eating your dead friends. And you didn't flinch from describing this in the book. Fairly early on, you say that hearing your cousin Adolfo say out loud what many were thinking - that you were going to have to eat the bodies - gave you a kind of relief. How so?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : MY CAT IS VERY VERY BEAUTIFUL BIRD AND VERY CALM","questions":"Which animal is mentioned in the statement?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Well, I certainly hope not. I mean, I think the Thanksgiving holiday certainly adds something to our lives. But that being said, the folks who were in the lines at the front of the lines had been there since noon in order to get those $200 flat-screen TVs and such.","Let me ask about the big online sales that people now call Cyber Monday. How have they changed the strategies of actual stores?","Well, we know that retailers that have an online presence actually get a lot more loyalty out of their customers. And so Wal-Mart, Target, Nordstrom, among others, are allowing you to buy online and actually even pick it up in-store.","Now, the advantage to the retailer for buying online but picking it up in-store is to get people into the tents, so that they might see something else?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) implies that retailers want customers to pick up their items in-store so that they can be enticed to purchase other items while they are there.","questions":"How can retailers entice customers to purchase other items?","answer":"Enticement"}
{"text":["Right. Yeah, yeah. Yeah, I will definitely take what the defense gives me.","And, again, the up-tempo scoring machine that Grinnell College is, is that what attracted you?You were originally at another school.","Yeah. Yeah, I was. One of my friends had played basketball here and told me about the system. And my ability to kind of create for myself off the dribble fit perfectly in the system, and I made the right decision.","And this is a kind of funny day on a lot of campuses as they empty out kids going home for Thanksgiving. But I wonder if you had any reaction from your fellow students, from your teammates, from professors?","Yeah. They're all kind of in shock, similar to myself. I don't think reality has really set in yet, although it's starting to."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Grinnell College's up-tempo scoring machine was the deciding factor in A's decision to come here.","questions":"Which college did PersonA choose based on the up-tempo scoring machine?","answer":"Grinell"}
{"text":["It's a really exciting time for us, Ira, to - it's only five years in, and it's been a tremendous success story for the company. Handsets really have taken off. We're at a point now where almost half of all handsets in the world made are smartphones with some type of touch capability.","And then I'm sure you know of tablet computers, are very exciting, have grown quite magnificently in the last few years. And the market is starting to think about expanding touch interfaces with the different devices. If you think about your laptop computer, for example, or monitors or tabletops, even the front of a refrigerator, there's a lot more applications out there, we feel.","We feel that touch and the interface of touch is only going to grow.","Do you have to design and engineer the glass specifically to be touched as a utility?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The company has had great success with smartphones and touch-capable devices.","questions":"What has been a tremendous success story for the company?","answer":"Company"}
{"text":["By now, you've probably heard this song over and over and over again - in commercials, on the radio, on TV shows. The tune, \"We Are Young,\" shot the band fun. into stardom. So this summer we're following fun. on their world tour, to see how long they can keep that fame going.","As bands get bigger, so does the size of their road crew. On this check-in, we spoke with Jackie Finney, who's the band's lighting director.","Basically, when a band hires a designer, they put together a look that - you know, when you go to see a live show, that's what you see. It can be anything from video to special effects - like, confetti - to the lighting fixtures. And we go into a warehouse, and we build the entire thing, and we set up the lighting console. And we program, cue-by-cue, every single step of every single song. So if you have, like, a really upbeat song - like, for example, their new single \"Some Nights. \"It's such a big hit when they play it. And I always start the lights sort of in the crowd, when that drum beat kicks in.","So for a song that's really upbeat and moving fast, I would do something like a white light, that's going to be bright and in people's faces. And then for a really slow ballad, there is more of like, ambers and magentas that are just like, kind of soft and just really beautiful."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"going to be bright and in people's faces\" - This is a figurative expression that means the light will be very intense and noticeable.","questions":"Which sense is figuratively described in turn 3?","answer":"Sight"}
{"text":["It doesn't really seem to be dominating conversation here. I mean, there is an Israeli election coming up, and Netanyahu's opponents are using this to kind of accuse him of flip-flopping. But I think it really shows that, as Netanyahu faces reelection next month, he needs Trump's support. Trump tweeted that he didn't want to see these congresswomen going there, and I think a lot of Israelis see that as Netanyahu bowing to Trump's will.","That's NPR's Daniel Estrin in Tel Aviv.","Thanks, Daniel.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : bowing to someones will means to give in to what they want, in this case people are giving into trump","questions":"Which leader's support does Netanyahu need in the upcoming election?","answer":"Trump's"}
{"text":["The inspector general also alleges that lucrative government contracts were given to friends and former colleagues of the bureau. And this isn't the first criticism by the inspector general of the Minerals Management office. Last year, that office was accused of making mistakes in the royalties that calculated for the industry. It saved companies more than 10 billion dollars. So, at the very least, this latest investigation gives ammunition to the people who say that the Bush administration is too close to the oil and gas industry.","And so, this directly affects taxpayers and consumers?","Well, you know, the head of the Minerals Management Agency says, no, that the agency has been collecting the proper amount of royalties, but the report says some oil companies were allowed to revise their payments downward after their contracts were finalized. And outsiders have to wonder why would the industry be giving gifts to employees of this agency, if they didn't want something in return?","OK. Still on oil, another story. OPEC announced it will be cutting production. What does that mean?","Well, they do want to cut production to keep the price high, but you know, Saudi Arabia said today that it isn't necessarily going to stick to those quotas and produce what the cartel imposed late on Tuesday. So, the prospect that Saudi Arabia might continue to crank out high levels of crude is pushing oil prices down, even as Hurricane Ike barrels down on the Gulf of Mexico."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Minerals Management office made errors in calculating royalties for the industry which saved companies over 10 billion dollars.","questions":"What was the reason for the criticism by the inspector general of the Minerals Management office?","answer":"Mistakes"}
{"text":["So how did you get on to this story?I mean, were you just curious about vanity plates?Like, what was your thinking about how it happens?","Well, I think vanity plates are kind of everyone's hobby in Los Angeles. It's a very car-centric culture. People regularly talk about the most out-there plates that they see. I was curious about the ones that didn't make it.","Now, is there an official database of dirty words and euphemisms?Or like. . .","What's the yardstick that the DMV uses to say whether something's inappropriate or not?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is asking for more information about the process of how vanity plates are regulated and how decisions are made about which ones are appropriate or not.","questions":"What is the speaker in turn 3 asking about?","answer":"Appropriateness"}
{"text":["I'm not so sure that it was missed, per se. I think it's been there at the forefront of the news for a really long time. I just don't think that we saw the potential that it would impact the election in the way that it did, insofar as it's tied up in these other economic and social struggles that are occurring within the same communities.","And to be clear again, you're not saying that people that have a problem with opioids or drug or alcohol voted for Donald Trump so much as people who live in those communities that have been affected by it statistically in your study voted for Donald Trump.","Well, that's right. And I can't say necessarily who voted for Donald Trump, but we have to remember that addiction and depression and these diseases and deaths of despair go far beyond the individuals themselves who are affected by them. They affect friends and family members and coworkers and first responders and service providers and employers in communities who are dealing with the struggles of these and experience the same sort of frustration and anxiety that are associated or wrapped up within diseases and deaths of despair.","You conclude your study by - I believe the quote is community level well-being played an important role in this election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The impact of the opioid crisis and other economic and social struggles in affected communities was underestimated in its effect on the election.","questions":"What was the reason for the underestimation of the impact of the opioid crisis on the election?","answer":"Underestimation"}
{"text":["My father believed the world was divided between those who were mentally and physically strong and those who were weak and lazy. For this, I had to undergo a physical and psychological training.","Can you tell us about those nights in the cellar?","From the age of 6, I had to spend one night a month in the basement meditating on death. I sat on a stool, alone, in the dark, surrounded by rats. And I had a cardigan with small bells on it. I wasn't allowed to let the bells tinkle, as it meant that I was moving. It was one of his exercises.","There are just too many instances of abuse and cruelty to recount - I mean, the way he didn't turn on the heat, the way he made you bathe in his dirty water. He said he gave you his energy that way or something."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : My father wanted to create a dichotomy between those who could endure physical and psychological hardships and those who were not as strong or determined.","questions":"What is the dichotomy that PersonA's father wanted to create?","answer":"Dichotomy"}
{"text":["Yes, I do. I think General Kelly is right. I think a lot of America is out of touch with those of us who have served and the sacrifices that we've made or seen our colleagues make. And that's a divide that we ought to bridge. But you don't do that by politicizing an incident like this. You do it by taking responsibility for your actions. If you're the president, you say I don't think I said that, if that's what he believes. But if I offended the widow in any way, then I apologize.","Congressman, I - a bit off the central topic we've been talking about - did you know U. S.  forces were operating in Niger?","As a member of the armed services committee, I am aware of it but only very peripherally. This is not something that we have talked about or has been briefed to us extensively at all.","So you think there's more to be known about this mission and about U. S.  operations in that area of the world?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : So you think there's more to be known about this mission and about U.S. operations in that area of the world?\" Implicated meaning: The speaker believes that there is additional information or details that have not been disclosed regarding the mentioned mission and broader U.S. operations in that region.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the information disclosed regarding U.S. operations in Niger?","answer":"More"}
{"text":["Your narrator and her husband are audio journalists and archivists. The husband declares they have to relocate to fulfill his project to tell the story of the Apache nation. But she finds a story, too, doesn't she, in a woman named Manuela who has two daughters.","That's right. The narrator and mother of the kids who are travelling in this car from New York towards Arizona towards the old Apacheria has met - in her daughter's school had met a woman called Manuela. And she's been working with her husband on a big sound project recording all the languages spoken in New York. And she asks this woman, Manuela, if she can record her. This woman speaks (unintelligible) which is a very rare Mayan language. And the woman says fine, but in exchange, she asks her to translate some documents, legal documents, of her daughters who are on their way from Mexico to the U. S.  border.","And these two girls, when they arrive in the U. S.  border as happens with all the kids that arrive here seeking asylum, are first placed in an ICE detention space - an icebox they call them colloquially. And then these girls are transferred to a shelter. And at some point, they go missing. So the narrator of the novel becomes deeply involved with looking for these two girls, helping Manuela look for her daughters.","I made a note of your line. The son says that if they ran off, he said ma would start thinking of us the way she thought of them, the lost children, all the time and with all her heart."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The husband's project is more important than the narrator's project.","questions":"Which project?","answer":"Apache"}
{"text":["You know, let's just take a look at Los Angeles' demographics. You have people from incredibly wealthy to incredibly poor. You have immigrants, native-born people who've come here from other parts of the U. S. , people, of course, who were born here. How do you think L. A. 's demographics affect the need for public transportation?","Well, clearly there is a very serious need here in the region. We are very geographically dispersed in other words. We have suburbs that extend for miles in every direction. So the need for a broad-based transportation system that depends on a lot of bus service is particularly important in our region. Here in the downtown area, we do have a more extensive rail network that starts in the downtown region and then extends outwards.","But again, that's only the metro services. There are also Metrolink services and Amtrak services that serve more of the Southern California region. So there are lots of transportation choices here, and it would do people that are trying to save money well to look into these services.","Finally, is the federal government supporting the system at all?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There is a serious need for public transportation in the region.","questions":"What is the reason for the need of a broad-based transportation system in the region?","answer":"Need"}
{"text":["I don't know that all of it will be seen. Some of the evidence went to the grand jury, and in order for that to be revealed, you'd have to go to the judge and show a particularized need for disclosure. There's also some FBI reports and other types of evidence and possibly Freedom of Information Act requests - we'll get that. But I don't think you're going to see everything that the prosecutors accumulated and might have presented in the criminal case.","Because now there's going to be a bunch of different investigations into the circumstances surrounding Jeffrey Epstein's death, might that reveal some information that otherwise would have been hidden?","Well, that's a possibility because as they look at people, there's all sorts of conspiracy theories already floating out there. And as they start investigating who might have had an interest, who had a motive, might that information come out?It could. But we don't know yet. And many questions still may not be answered. I think for the victims, this is going to be hard because they're never going to see Jeffrey Epstein in court, get what they think is due to him. But I think more of the information still could come out.","As you mentioned, there have been a lot of conspiracy theories about Epstein's death. And people are angry. And and I'm wondering, do you share that feeling?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The theories do not float but are being spoken out to repeatedly to a large number of people to see if others will believe them. ","questions":"Which word describes the nature of the conspiracy theories mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Repeated"}
{"text":["I also asked Precious Shumba if President Mugabe would have to leave Zimbabwe if he loses the election.","If Mugabe loses, it is widely expected he will have to negotiate on almost every facet of his life. So the issue of whether he would stay here in Zimbabwe or elsewhere entirely depends on the new administration probably led by the opposition.","Finally, I asked Precious, who lives in the poor urban heart of the capital city, why he chooses to stay in the country and if he ever questions being a journalist in Zimbabwe where his career is risky and sometimes dangerous.","It would be an act of cowardice if I were to say, I cease to be a journalist. I feel I'm accountable and needs to contribute to public discourse. So I'm not really intimidated or really afraid of what might happen to me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: If Mugabe loses, it is widely expected he will have to negotiate on almost every facet of his life. Here, the actual meaning is that if Mugabe loses the election, he will lose power and the new administration, possibly led by the opposition, will have the upper hand in negotiations.","questions":"What is the issue that depends on the new administration, if Mugabe loses the election?","answer":"New-administration"}
{"text":["It also follows an advertisement, even more prominent Republicans - Colin Powell, Dick Cheney, Laura Bush among them - without their permission necessarily, all sided - quoted as supporting gay marriage in other context, but they are not signatories to this brief.","You know, Neal, I head a conservative judge say a couple of years ago, a line that stuck with me, is that one of the really brilliant things about the gay rights movement is that they took on really essentially conservative goals. That is, they wanted to serve openly in the United States military. Remember that, and how big a fight that was?And they want to marry. Committed couples wanted to marry, and some of them wanted to adopt and raise children. Now if you're conservative, how can you be opposed to something like serving in the military and getting married and raising children?","It's a difficult argument, but do you think - amicus briefs normally are, well, window dressing. Is this going to make a difference?","No, not one amicus brief doesn't make a difference. But I do think it's part of a trend of just a change in thinking and saying that, yes, many Republicans now think, you know, same sex - gay marriage is a good thing. The country's moving that way, and it should be a matter of - it's part of a larger just change in thinking. And I do think that large change in thinking does affect justices."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The goals of the gay rights movement are essentially conservative, so conservatives should support them.","questions":"What was the line that stuck with PersonA about the gay rights movement?","answer":"military"}
{"text":["This was back in 1982?","'82. But I think people thought, oh, my God, you know, you can't put a black person's heart in a white person. You cannot possibly put a woman's heart in a man. I mean, it's interesting that with the heart, sort of the emotions we ascribe to it get all wrapped up in the medical techniques also.","So they got beyond that. And you write about this group of researchers and doctors in Houston - big egos, big personalities and a big state (laughter). Tell us about these two pioneers who had this incredible rivalry that helped shape this field - Dr.  Denton Cooley and Dr.  Michael DeBakey.","When I started looking into it again, it was kind of like the right stuff for heart surgeons. These were people with outsized personalities and outsized wills. And the story really starts in Houston with the theft of an artificial heart from Michael DeBakey's lab. And DeBakey at the time was perhaps the most famous heart surgeon or surgeon in the world. And his nemesis was a guy named Denton Cooley, who, for a time, worked under him and got tired of waiting for Dr.  DeBakey to put this artificial heart in someone. So he purloined it with the man who had designed it into DeBakey's lab and put it in a man. And the operation, to some extent, was a success because the patient lived. And this became the most famous feud in medical history."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The rivalry between heart surgeons DeBakey and Cooley became infamous.","questions":"Which two heart surgeons had a rivalry in Houston in the field of heart transplants?","answer":"Cooley"}
{"text":["(Laughter) Yeah. I don't think that it's a straight line from smoking marijuana to fanaticism or radicalization. But I do think that there's something that happens to boys becoming men that is a series of rites of passage and tampering or becoming involved with illicit drugs or having sex. Or any of these taboo things are some of these portals that kids go through, boys especially. And fanaticism to me, as I was witnessing it in a global way, was the last portal. And I wanted to write something that charted these transitions from just a little bit outside the line to a little bit more outside the line until finally there is no way back.","The Boston Marathon bombings are an important touchstone in this book. And they're felt personally by Alireza's friends in Laguna Beach.","That's something that I thought about a lot when I was sort of following the story of the Boston Marathon bombings and how it was to be Muslim in this country and to be a Muslim man in a place that's already slightly turned against you. But I imagined a situation in which someone in your very close community was affected by an act of terrorism, and you are of the Muslim family, what the ramifications would be like in that community.","And I took it a few steps further and then did research and found that it wasn't that uncommon for people who were related to, you know, Russian immigrants or children of Muslims or practicing Muslims to experience racism in high school afterwards. It tends to be that people are looking for someone to blame."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1). In this turn, the speaker is not just talking about the act of being silent or not making noise. They are using the phrase \"a little bit outside the line\" and \"a little bit more outside the line\" to describe the process of moving towards radicalization and fanaticism. The phrase \"there is no way back\" implies a point of no return, indicating that the speaker believes once someone becomes a fanatic, it is difficult to change their beliefs.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the process of moving towards radicalization and fanaticism?","answer":"Transitions"}
{"text":["Yeah, it was highly publicized. Its image got all over the world.","And how - it has a unique design to it. Who designed it and why does it have the shape it has?","That's a really interesting question. There's - it's actually a complicated story. The chief architect was a man named John Graham Jr. , had a large architectural firm. He was mainly known as the man who invented the first really successful shopping mall, which was here in Seattle, Northgate. He had the task of creating the Space Needle. But he - they got stuck on the design. They had a doodle on a napkin. He had a bunch of architects who began looking at a tower-like structure. They were inspired by a tower, a broadcast tower in Germany, in Stuttgart, which had a restaurant on it. And so they knew they wanted an observation deck. But they were kind of open to what else they would do. They thought about putting a planetarium up there and a helicopter pad.","No kidding."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The object is a tower that is very tall and has a sharp point at the end.","questions":"What is the shape of the object being discussed in turn 2?","answer":"Tower"}
{"text":["Yes. At the top of the mountains, we have cloud forests. These are forests composed of trees of low stature. They have the ability to withstand the strong wind conditions at the top of the mountain. They are very important in regulating the water cycling of the mountain and actually supplying the 20 percent of the water for Puerto Rico. These trees are completely covered by mosses and plants that sit on the tree trunks and collect water. And they can then kind of filter cloud water down the mountain. So many of these mosses and epiphytes were stripped from the tree trunks on the face where those winds were more intense.","I wonder, Dr.  Gonzalez, as you were walking through El Yunque looking at the destruction of this place that you've known so well for so long, what was going through your mind seeing it totally transformed?","Well, it's an amazing experience, but I think it's one of learning and regeneration. We already have seen the greening of the forest in some areas. We're already seeing that some species are lifting up. We know that some other species will come up and kind of make their way to more native or mature species of the forest to take over. So yes, it is a catastrophic event. But we know that there's going to be a recovery phase.","Dr.  Gonzalez, what about you and your family?How did you do?Do you have power?Do you have water?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : DR GONZALEZ AND HIS FAMILYWAIKED THROUGH AFORESTAND FACES MORE INTENSED THINGS","questions":"How did Dr. Gonzalez and his family traverse through the forest?","answer":"Walked"}
{"text":["Well, the president really is his own brand. And that's kind of a double-edged sword - right?- for Democrats. You know, there's an opportunity for them to legislate with the president. At the same time, there has been, you know, voter research that has shown that voters don't necessarily view President Trump as a dyed-in-the-wool Republican.","He's really his sort of own brand. And so the question is whether voters are going to want to punish Republicans, you know, for what they may see as the president's inability to perform, if that, in fact, turns out to be the case. Hopefully, there's going to be some legislative victories coming here in the next few months, particularly on taxes.","But, yeah, the president's going to zig, and he's going to zag. And in the meantime, I think the Republicans are going to have to do their best to try to muscle through an agenda. And the big one coming up for them is going to be this debate over taxes.","When you say muscle through an agenda, the implication is they've got to twist arms in their own party?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The President's lack of loyalty to the Republican Party may lead to voters punishing Republicans in the upcoming election.","questions":"Which party may be punished by voters in the upcoming election?","answer":"Republicans"}
{"text":["Now, your assessment is far more kind, I think, than that of the fan base. And I'm basing that on a tweet from the Tampa Bay Lightning Twitter feed, which said this. We don't have any words. We know you don't want to hear them. We understand your anger, your frustration, your sadness. Everything you're feeling, we get it. This isn't the ending we imagined and certainly not the one we wanted. Thank you for being there the entire way.","Have you ever seen a team this apologetic?","(Laughter) No, but they have a lot to apologize for. I mean, the only other team in the history of the four major sports that had this kind of success in the regular season and then didn't win a playoff game was the 2011 Green Bay Packers. They went 15 and 1 in the regular season and then lost to the New York Giants in the first round of the NFL playoffs. But in that case, we're talking about one game. This is a team that had four chances to win a game, and they couldn't do it.","And now Columbus is the toast of the NHL. Will there be a Blue Jackets bandwagon?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4): This turn actually means: \"Will people now start to support the Columbus Blue Jackets?\"","questions":"How might fans respond to the success of Columbus Blue Jackets?","answer":"Bandwagon"}
{"text":["Times like this, when the economies of states are in default, can states really afford this?","I really don't think they can, and in many, many states, legislatures are starting to agree with that idea and to really rethink their priorities. I mean, every dollar that you spend building and running a prison is a dollar that's not spent on a public university or healthcare or roads and bridges. At this point, Kansas, Texas and at least 11 other states are taking a very serious look at how to try out some new strategies that will curb their prison population, shrink the number of people behind bars so they can save a little money, reduce some recidivism and have money for other budget priorities.","Well, back up and tell us how we got here, because in your article you say in 1970 our prisons held fewer than 200,000 people. What happened?","A number of things happened. But primarily, it's what's called our nation's war on drugs. And I say so-called war on drugs, because, you know, we like to use that metaphor all the time on everything. But essentially a new host of sentencing practices took hold in the early '70s and spread across the country. Mandatory minimum sentences, meaning that the amount of drugs involved in a particular crime would affect the severity of the punishment. So even if you're a low-level drug mule, for example, the amount of drugs you were carrying was going to ensure that you get a very large sentence, perhaps even more than a drug king pin if that person was caught without a lot of drugs."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The states are considering new strategies to reduce prison population and save money for other budget priorities.","questions":"How are states trying to save money and reduce prison population?","answer":"New-strategies"}
{"text":["We literally can't get to everyone, but let's begin with Mitt Romney. He memorably said last year - I'm going to quote - \"no, no, no, no, no, no\" to the idea of running again. What may have changed his mind?","Romney changed his mind about 2016 because of 2014. And he hopes that will help other Republicans forget about 2012. You know, Romney's been crisscrossing the country for other Republican candidates all this past year, and it felt pretty good to him. Those candidates did very well in November.","And Romney looks around, and he sees no great alternatives to Jeb Bush. And he's just not convinced that Jeb Bush can win the nomination and sell the country on another president named Bush. Of course, his own problem is selling other Republicans on another dance with a guy named Romney.","Rand Paul is jetting around everywhere. How does he take advantage of the national network of support, particularly money that his father Ron Paul built up, while departing from his father on some national security issues?His father essentially blamed the policies of the French government for the murders in Paris."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker thinks that there is a level of ambiguity or hidden message in the turn that may not be immediately apparent, but which can be inferred or interpreted through context or other clues.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue implies a need for inference and interpretation? (Answer: 3)","answer":"3"}
{"text":["Like what, as you see it?","Well, there are a few things. First of all, ABC did try to get the case dismissed in the early going and the judge declined to do that. They tried to remove the case to federal court, which is a pretty well accepted strategy. But they couldn't remove it to federal court. So they were going to end up trying the case, really, in the plaintiff's backyard. So I think that those were risks combined with the fact that there's obviously a great deal of sort of free floating anti-media sentiment out there these days, which is hard to quantify. And the amount that was being requested by the plaintiff was, you know, billions, literally, billions of dollars.","Does a large settlement like this just embolden other people to sue media companies?","Well, I think that after we see a large verdict or a large settlement, we do tend to see an uptick. Many plaintiffs and their lawyers think that maybe media entities are easy get-rich-quick targets. I think that's a mistake."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : is asking if a large settlement will encourage others to file lawsuits against media companies","questions":"Which strategy did ABC try to use but failed in the early going?","answer":"Remove"}
{"text":["So in lieu of a car czar, there will be this Presidential Task Force on Autos. Who will be heading up that group?","It will be headed by Treasury Secretary Timothy Geitner and National Economic Council Director Lawrence Summers, the two top economic people in the Obama administration. It'll also pool staffers from several different departments throughout the government, including Transportation, Labor, and the EPA.","You mentioned Tim Geithner, Larry Summers. Both gentlemen already have quite a bit on their plates. Isn't there some concern about taking on the auto industry in addition to everything else?","There may be some concern, but I don't know if they have any choice. Just Friday, the supplier industry came to Treasury and put forth a proposal where it would receive up to $25 billion in aid. It did so because it was warning that given the production cuts the automakers have been forced to make this year, there may be a wave of bankruptcies in the supplier industry. They may need aid before the end of February."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Tim Geithner and Larry Summers have a lot of responsibilities","questions":"What is the name of the department that will provide aid to the supplier industry?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Exactly. I mean, I have at least two publications on my resume that are no longer in existence. And I think a lot of reporters and journalists can say the same about theirs.","Yeah. You realize - I mean, maybe, I don't know - Gerard Baker, the editor of The Wall Street Journal, they won a Pulitzer this week too. He's hearing, maybe, this interview. He's certainly heard of you and your Pulitzer. What if he or another big-time newspaper editor found you and offered you a job?Do you hope for anything like that?","Well, I can't say that it wouldn't be a dream come true - it kind of would be. But, I don't know what I would do because that opportunity hasn't presented itself. And there's the other factor, which is, I like the job I'm at now. I work for USC Shoah Foundation, which isn't just some place to land. It's a pretty amazing place. It's, you know, really one of the world's leading institutions of Holocaust and genocide studies. Never thought I'd be there in a million years either, but it's turned out to be a very rich and rewarding experience. So the answer is, I - it's a very good question - I don't know what I would do if that happened.","Rob Kuznia, the Pulitzer Prize-winning PR man. He won the Pulitzer this week, along with Rebecca Kimitch, and Frank Suraci of The Daily Breeze in Southern California."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning in this turn is that B is suggesting that Rob Kuznia should be hopeful of getting a job offer from a big-time newspaper editor.","questions":"How is Rob Kuznia related to the conversation?","answer":"RobKuznia"}
{"text":["The economy is humming, but we may be hearing some sputtering as well. The stock market fell 3% this past Wednesday but later made back some of those losses. While in the bond market, a key marker of a coming recession has been playing out. Now the payoff for long-term government debt fell below the yield on short-term debt. So what are we looking for when the bell rings tomorrow?Catherine Rampell writes about economics for The Washington Post, and she joins me now. Welcome.","Good to be here.","So first off, I just want a gut check from you - Wall Street ups and downs, that warning flare in the bond market, but we're also seeing strong consumer spending at the same time. What is your take on these mixed indicators?","I think the story thus far has been there are warning signs out there. Consumers have been the strong point. Up until this week, however, there was a consumer sentiment number that it was at its lowest notching since, I want to say, six or seven months. So that does suggest that consumers may be wavering a little bit. I think the bigger picture, though, is the global risks essentially. So right now, we have something, like, nine major economies around the world either currently in recession or on the verge of recession, and you could imagine that there would be contagion effects."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There are not actual signs but instances that cause worry for the economy.","questions":"What suggests the economy may be at risk?","answer":"risks"}
{"text":["They are illiterate. We don't have an education system. We don't have a civic education campaign. And so, there's just like a perfect storm of just so many things that makes Haiti so hard to govern. And I think for outsiders, it's very hard for people to understand why it seems to be in a perpetual state of chaos and crisis. But, you know. . .","So, where's the hope?I mean, you know, you must have hope, some flicker of it?","I do have hope. The hope, I think, is that, you know - the hope comes from people like myself. We have 1. 5 million Haitians living outside of Haiti, and a million of them are in the U. S. , the rest are in Canada and France. And, you know, we love the country. We care about what happens there. We are pushing for better policy.","You know, there are a couple of people in Congress who are very good friends of Haiti. Kendrick Meek, for instance, in the U. S.  House, he's from Florida, and before that, his mother was also a congresswoman. So, you know, the Black Caucus is involved."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : outsiders implies people who aren't a family or organization member and not people who stands outdoors ","questions":"What does the term \"outsiders\" refer to in turn 0?","answer":"People"}
{"text":["Well, you know, performance is really one of making sure you understand and document what's expected of you in your given role. One of the mistakes I see many professionals make, minority or otherwise, is they don't document and understand really what's expected of them.","And so they go throughout the whole year performing at what they may thing is the optimum level, only to get to the end of the year and find out that they've missed a mark. They're not doing one-on-ones or meetings quarterly or monthly with their manager, and so it's really important that if, you're going to track your performance that you understand what's expected, but more importantly that you follow up to make sure that you're on course.","Now, you have these performance evaluations in some cases, and is that a 100 percent of your success?How much are we talking about?","Yeah, I'm a big believer that success in corporate America, that performance really accounts for 50 percent of that. And what I mean by that is if you go back to childhood, most of what we were taught as children was you are rewarded based on how well you performed."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"performance is really one of making sure you understand and document what's expected of you in your given role\" - The literal meaning would be that performance is about actually performing one's job duties, but the actual meaning is that it's about understanding and documenting what's expected in order to perform well.","questions":"How is performance measured in corporate America according to A?","answer":"Understanding"}
{"text":["And as we look ahead, these issues are going to be more and more significant, at least that's what the climate scientists tell us. How did it change to get it - make it more of a priority in people's opinions and in politics?","You know, there are various models of social change. One is the - what I call the Pearl Harbor model, where you have an event that changes everything. Sometimes its pressure is gradually building, an awareness building. I call that the Berlin Wall model where things keep building until - in the case of the Berlin Wall, it went down. And sometimes it's difficult to see those tipping points before you reach them. Almost by definition, tipping points are difficult to project and identify.","But my own sense says that we are moving toward a tipping point on the climate issue, and it's going to take a few more droughts like the one in the summer of 2012, an intense heat that greatly reduced the U. S.  grain harvest. I think it reduced the corn harvest by close to 30 percent. Or storms unlike anything we've seen before. And then we'll begin to, at some point, realize that climate change is for real. That it's dangerous and it's costly and we need to be doing something about it.","Yet, you'd like to think that we could arrive at these kinds of decisions on a rational basis. Don't need a tremendous crisis to focus our attention."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Climate change is a significant issue in people's opinions and politics","questions":"How do climate scientists view the future significance of the issues mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"More"}
{"text":["Well, self-employed people are often other people's discretionary spending. In other words, if I'm cutting back, and I had a trainer who was coming to my house three times a week, maybe now she's coming in twice or once. That hits her bottom line. So we know that, essentially, self-employed people, if they're discretionary spending, are going to be on the front line.","The message for them is to diversify your portfolio to make sure that now, if you're counting on one person, let's get three lined up. Let's be more flexible. Let's deal with issues about how you might provide different kinds of payment schedules and other kinds of things.","But self-employed people, whether they're personal services, which we've just talked about, whether they're business services, the people who do the graphics artwork, who do the editing and other things, they're going to have to dance on a dime. Because, basically, when people start cutting budgets they're the easiest ones to cut.","Now if you're self-employed - and there are many people who have started, you know, any number of businesses - if you're self-employed, either like you said, doing personal services or running a small business with other employees who work for you, what can you do to sure yourself up financially?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Self-employed people are vulnerable to budget cuts of their clients","questions":"How are self-employed people affected by their clients' budget cuts?","answer":"Cutbacks"}
{"text":["Well, I say that may be the case. And I'm for affirmative action. I'm for giving opportunities to minorities. I'm for immigration reform. I'm a very proud Hispanic. But I just think the Democratic Party has to communicate a better message of economic populism, of helping small businesses. Somehow the centrist white male, the conservative white male that used to vote Democratic from the South and the Midwest is eluding us. And we've got to get that base back or get some portion of the base because they're leaving us in droves.","And what about those politicians that might say, hey, look, we won a couple of national elections with the demographics that we have in the Democratic Party.","Well, what I say to them is that's great. But we've lost the Congress. We've lost the House. We've lost the Senate. We lose governorships. And, you know, it's not just the presidency that has the power in this country. It's local officials, it's county commissioners, it's governors. It's not just the Congress. It's a whole range of offices where we're not competing because we - we need a stronger, compelling economic message. And somehow, that seems to be eluding us if you look at recent elections, especially in the South and the Midwest.","You've already cited Bernie Sanders. And I gather you have endorsed Hillary Clinton for the Democratic nomination for president. How do you think Secretary Clinton addresses these issues?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  implies that the Democrats should not become complacent with their current demographics and should focus on further outreach","questions":"Which party is the statement referring to?","answer":"Democratic"}
{"text":["Well, I only recently arrived, so I haven't seen the whole city by any means. But when I got here, I went straight to a demonstration on the city's east side. This was one of those demonstrations that have been called by Juan Guaido for what he billed as the biggest-ever demonstration in the history of Venezuela.","There were a lot of people there - thousands, possibly in the tens of thousands. But I have seen much larger crowds turn out for Guaido before. And so this was a smaller turnout. And I think the most noticeable thing about it is that the mood has quite substantially changed. Whilst these demonstrations for the opposition leader, Guaido, were before quite very lively - there'd be a lot of chanting, a lot of singing - now there's a mood of wariness. I thought it was more subdued.","And not far away from where I was, there were violent clashes underway between the security forces and a small group of anti-government protesters in which, you know, they were exchanging. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the simple agreement \"yeah\" could convey a range of meanings depending on the speaker's tone and context. It could indicate anything from sincere agreement to disinterest or even sarcasm.","questions":"Which word could \"yeah\" indicate depending on the PersonA's tone and context?","answer":"Sincere"}
{"text":["So, what I think is, at least, a part of the solution is, when we do something, to take a small group and to stay with them. I stayed with a group of girls for a year at a time for over a decade, and I did see two or three people who called me a couple of years later, Judge, I just want to tell you how well I am doing.","It's not a great answer. It's not the answer everybody wants to hear because it's not a panacea, and it's work intensive while the success rate is low, but I think it's what has to be done.","Judge, always great to talk to you.","Always.","That was News & Notes contributor, Judge Lynn Toler. She's a former municipal court judge and now hosts the syndicated television show, \"Divorce Court. \"She joined us from the studios of KJZZ in Temple, Arizona."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated. When a person looks at his watch","questions":"What did the person do when a small group was suggested as a part of the solution?","answer":"Stayed"}
{"text":["But the technical. . .","Let me just jump in. When you say GDP, that's the Gross Domestic Product?","Exactly. So when you see growth going down, you see yourself in a recession. And it's, you know, it's Standard English, frankly. It's not rocket science, but the fact is that the macro numbers, Farai, belie what the micro reality is for so many people.","We've been seeing lay off numbers for over two years. We've seen a 5. 2 percent unemployment rate. All of those things combine to speak to, at least, economic hard times. But the technical definition of a recession is that you have two quarters of GDP going down. Now let's look at the next quarter because right now we don't have that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The technical definition of a recession doesn't accurately reflect the economic hardship experienced by many people.","questions":"What doesn't accurately reflect the economic hardship experienced by many people?","answer":"Technical"}
{"text":["I don't know if I'm that much different than a journalist. I just - it's like a mystery that I want to solve that I think everybody's interested in solving. What has gone on and what is going on with Trump and his orbit of people he's dealt with over the years and ties to Russia and Ukraine and all these different matters?","Often when people are doing this kind of thing, they have fact checkers, and they have editors that go over their information, especially if you're a journalist. Do you have anyone that edits you or anyone that you work with that helps you verify the information?","There's some fact checking. But the interviews that I do, I publish them exactly as they're transcribed. I'm not writing an article, per se.","Can I ask you, has your shop - your restaurant, which is very well known here, helped you in your endeavor?Do people walk in to give you tips, try and contact you through that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) Implies that the speaker is asking if the person they are talking to has anyone that helps them verify the facts that they are gathering. ","questions":"What is the speaker in turn 1 asking about?","answer":"Fact"}
{"text":["In 2013, a professor there, Ethan Zuckerman, had said, look - this is a guy who's a sex offender. He's done these crimes against children, solicited procurement of prostitution of minors. He shouldn't be involved in the institute. So two years later, when Ito was making sure that he could come to the offices to look around, they essentially said, we've got to box Zuckerman out so that he won't be able to see that Epstein is on campus.","So have there been any ramifications to this other than Ito's resignation?","Well, sure. Zuckerman resigned. A couple other people have resigned affiliations with the lab. I think there's real questions focusing on the university - why this resignation didn't come sooner, why it wasn't forced. You don't need an MIT Ph. D.  to be able to read the writing on the wall that's in letters that big. And they should have had some accountability and responsibility. The initial statements didn't, you know, seem to allow the precise nature of the interactions, the precise figures involved to be obscured to the public. That's not the kind of accountability you want from a place like MIT.","Can you just talk a little bit more about what you think the bigger-picture consequences are of this?I mean, what does this lab do, and why do you think that it's important that people focus on something like this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : MIT should have taken responsibility and acted sooner to address the issue.","questions":"How did the speaker feel about MIT's response to the issue?","answer":"Disappointed"}
{"text":["Two gunmen were killed by security forces in the attack. What do we know about them?","Not much; details are still emerging. They both seem to be from the provinces in Tunisia, possibly near the Algerian border. They seem to have had some sort of involvement with terrorist organizations prior to the attack. There are reports out that at least one of the gunmen traveled to Libya in order to get training either with the so-called Islamic State, or ISIS, or possibly an al-Qaida-linked group.","By some accounts, about 3,000 people - Tunisians - have left for the conflicts in Iraq, Syria and Libya. Why so many?","Well, there's a variety of factors that are driving people to go. One is that Tunisia has been a success story in the transition towards democracy. But with that came political liberalization that society wasn't quite prepared for. All of a sudden a lot of radical preachers, who had been kept under wraps by an authoritarian government, were allowed to preach their messages on the streets and in mosques. And that inspired a number of young men to go abroad and to fight. And then finally it's just because there's a lot of opportunities to fight. I mean, Tunisia is a relatively stable country despite the attacks, but it's surrounded by unstable countries, particularly Libya. And Syria is just a plane ride or two away, so it's attractive for a number of young men to go fight abroad. Their motives are various, but there's a lot of opportunities for them to go, so they're taking them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker is not just talking about the literal number of opportunities to fight abroad, but rather the underlying reasons why young Tunisian men are motivated to go and fight abroad. The speaker points out that political liberalization in Tunisia allowed radical preachers to spread their messages, which inspired some young men to go abroad and fight.","questions":"How did political liberalization in Tunisia contribute to young men leaving to fight abroad?","answer":"Radical"}
{"text":["It's great to be with you, Ira. Thank you.","I'm just looking at the abstract of your study, and some of these numbers are amazing. Seventy-two percent, 72 of all Americans think that global warming should be a very high or medium or a priority for the president and the Congress. That crosses all party lines.","It does. It includes 84 percent of Democrats, 68 percent of independents and 52 percent of Republicans. So yes, there is this difference between Democrats and Republicans. But nonetheless, a majority of Republicans do think that global warming should be a priority for our elected officials.","So why are we all under the impression that there is not this majority?","Ah. Great question. So one of the things that became very clear to us early in our research was that Americans don't speak with a single voice on this issue. And in fact, what we've identified is what we call a global warming's six Americas, that essentially you can look at the country and find that there are six very different communities within the United States, that each respond to this issue in very different ways. One group we call the alarmed. That's only about 12 percent of the public."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : I'm just looking at the abstract of your study, and some of these numbers are amazing. Seventy-two percent, 72 of all Americans think that global warming should be a very high or medium or a priority for the president and the Congress. That crosses all party lines. (Literal meaning: expressing amazement at the high percentage of Americans who prioritize global warming)","questions":"Which percentage of Americans prioritize global warming as a high or medium priority for the president and the Congress?","answer":"72"}
{"text":["Jon Foley, director of the Institute on the Environment at the University of Minnesota. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And this email from Mark in Burnsville, Minnesota: Is there a middle ground?Either you believe in evidence-based science or you don't. Some people seem unwilling or unable to accept facts that confront their belief systems and would rather live in a world that matches their internal security beliefs than deal with reality.","And I don't think, Jon Foley, you disagree with him on the science, but you disagree with him on the approach.","Well, I absolutely agree with him on evidence-based reality. I absolutely cannot - we - and never should have concede that. I'm a scientist, and I absolutely support the, you know, evidence-based view. That is one place where I will not back down on an issue at all. But I think it's really more of what we do about it and how we frame these conversations. So, you know, I will always stand by the idea that, yes, climate is changing. We are the cause of this. That is what the science is saying. That is absolutely true. We're not backing down from that at all."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker believes in the science of climate change and will not compromise on evidence-based reality, but thinks the conversation needs to be framed differently","questions":"How does the speaker feel about evidence-based reality?","answer":"True"}
{"text":["And is there anywhere else, is there another ratcheting up of sanctions that's possible?","I think, you know, it's always possible to do more, but I think this next step will be the biggest change, the biggest increase in terms of what they'll really feel. The Central Bank piece is enormous, basically forces every financial institution in the world to choose between dealing with the American financial institutions and dealing with the Iran Central Bank. Not many people will choose to deal with Iran's Central Bank and that will really hamper their ability to have any kind of exchange in the international system.","Michele Flournoy, thank you very much for your time today. We appreciate it.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Forces every financial institution in the world to choose\": This is a hyperbole, which is an exaggerated statement used to emphasize a point. The sanctions on the Central Bank of Iran would not literally force every financial institution in the world to make a choice. However, it would significantly limit the options available to them when dealing with Iran, making it much more difficult for them to conduct business with the country.","questions":"What is the hyperbole used to describe the impact of the sanctions on the Central Bank of Iran?","answer":"Hyperbole"}
{"text":["And we just kept saying, Emily will come. Emily will come. She's going to come. She's going to come. And all of a sudden, as we get to that opening, this arm just reaches out and grabs my son. And she says, I'm here. I'm here. I'm here. It's Emily. And we all just buckled our knees and fell to the ground and hugged her. And then we just had to get up and move.","Fifty-eight people died in the shooting. Five hundred and forty-six more were wounded. Thousands of people went through a massacre. Melissa Barham and her loved ones escaped without physical wounds.","I just remember driving out of Vegas, headed towards southern California as dawn broke. And I hadn't cried at all. And then I got to our off ramp for our house off the freeway. I stopped there. I just started bawling and crying. And then it was just a couple blocks to our house. And my husband was waiting for us. I left the keys in the car. I left everything in the car. And I just walked up to him and buried my head in his chest and said, I got everybody home and completely fell apart.","And how are you doing?","I'm sad. I'm depressed. I feel like I've aged. Like, I'll look at my reflection in the mirror when I get out of the shower. You know how you catch a glimpse of yourself when you're out and about?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A: I'm sad.I'm depressed.I feel like I've aged.Like, I'll look at my reflection in the mirror when I get out of the shower.You know how you catch a glimpse of yourself when you're out and about?","questions":"Which object did PersonA compare themselves to when talking about feeling aged?","answer":"Mirror"}
{"text":["Oh, no. I love grapefruit.","(Laughter).","It's one of the best things in the world.","Seriously?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Seriously? could mean that B is surprised, does not believe, or is challenging A's statement.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's statement about grapefruit?","answer":"Surprised"}
{"text":["I think the - the city will continue as it is. It's still the heart of all economic activity, of business. The plan to move the capital of Jakarta somewhere else is nearly 60 years old. The first Indonesian president, I think, in 1957 already came up with plans. In fact, they build a city in another part of Indonesian Borneo that was going to be the new capital.","Now, that didn't happen. But - so these plans are - have been around for a long time, and this has also got to do with taking the center of Indonesia's power, which is now concentrated on the island of Java, more centrally to Indonesia.","So the proposed new location in Borneo - is that a better choice for a capital?","It's not too bad. I've lived in the area for quite some time. There is tropical rainforest, and the government has emphasized that they want this to be a really green development. There's going to be no deforestation. There's going to be very smart planning. Of course, environmentalists like myself are concerned about what is going to happen once you move a million people into a relatively sparsely part of Indonesian Borneo. That likely will have significant impacts on the environment."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The plan to move the capital of Jakarta somewhere else is still under consideration after 60 years.","questions":"What is the proposed new location for the capital of Indonesia?","answer":"Borneo"}
{"text":["So, you're a beauty journalist living in London, and your life is very cosmopolitan - very British in some ways. You say that this experience made you feel even more British. But it took you 10 years to decide whether or not to really seek out your biological family. Take me through that process that you had of trying to make that decision.","Well, like you said in the introduction, when I was 19, as far as I knew, I didn't have any family. When my family in the U. K.  adopted me from the orphanage in Eritrea, they were told I had no family. My father was dead. My mother was dead. I was, you know, quite literally an orphan.","And so it was only when my father went back to Eritrea in 1993 for the independence celebrations that he visited the orphanage that they got me from. He left a photograph of me there with - there was actually the nun who was in charge of my adoption was still there. She's very so old now, but she was still there.","And he left a photo of me because he thought it would be a nice thing to do. And several months after he returned, we got a letter from somebody who said he was my brother, and basically, it turned out that after my father had left Eritrea, this nun had got in touch with my family, and that's when everything started to unravel."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Family was not lost, but separated by circumstances","questions":"How was the family separated?","answer":"Orphanage."}
{"text":["Hey. How you doing, Lulu?","I'm very well. For people who haven't been to Richmond, can you describe Monument Avenue for us?What statues are there?","Monument Avenue is one of the most beautiful stretches of street in the United States of America. I mean, it's tree-lined. It's on the national historic registry. There are statues to Robert E.  Lee. There's a statue to Jeb Stuart, to, you know, Stonewall Jackson. And there's a lonely statue of Arthur Ashe, which I call the only true champion on that stretch of street.","The tennis champion, Arthur Ashe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"The tennis champion, Arthur Ashe.\" - The actual meaning is the speaker is confirming that they know who Arthur Ashe is, rather than just stating his name without any context or understanding.","questions":"How did the speaker respond to the mention of Arthur Ashe's name?","answer":"Confirmed"}
{"text":["The new head of the EPA, Lisa Jackson, says that she'll look at this, and quickly. How confident are you now that this is going to happen, and how soon?","Well, she's definitely going to look at it right away, because the president announced that he was asking her to do so. She also committed to us that she would. And I'm very confident, because if science is to prevail, we're going to get the waiver. The scientists at EPA said that EPA had no leg to stand on in terms of turning down a waiver so that we could have cleaner cars and lessen global warming in our state. Our state is really vulnerable to global warming, with our old forests and our coastlines and all the problems that we have so many people, so many cars. So we're ready to go. And the whole notion is that the federal government shouldn't stand in the way of progress here.","Senator Boxer, is it your intention that stricter standards adopted in California eventually become the standard for the rest of the country?","Well, actually 19 states have already embraced it, so we know that half of the country is already going to embrace it. As far as the other states, I don't know. But clearly, when half of the country has embraced our standards, we're going to see technology step up to the plate because they have this big market.","Auto makers, as you know, argue that the new standards would burden an already badly crippled industry. Legitimate or not legitimate?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The EPA had no facts to back up their reason for turning down a waiver.","questions":"What did the scientists at EPPersonA lack when turning down the waiver?","answer":"Facts"}
{"text":["That's a good one. Any others we should know about?","Yeah. Another example - Clinton Redding - his obituary was published by the Neptune Society. Clint was a professional machine mechanic, and if something was broken, he could fix it. He'd be glad to know that any and everyone who reads this would cast their vote to keep Hillary Clinton out of office. That was the last thing he wanted to fix.","Oh, my word. Are people including more personal information in their obituaries now?Are families doing that?","They absolutely are. It's a trend we've seen. You know, I've been with Legacy for 14 years. And when I first started at Legacy, many of the obituaries were very stoic, very fact-focused. What we're seeing now is that obituaries are really more personal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"It's a trend we've seen\" is a statement about a trend, not a literal description of what the speaker has seen.","questions":"What is the statement in turn 3 referring to?","answer":"Trend"}
{"text":["Yes, definitely. Over the past several years, something called the field of behavioral economics has been gaining support. It used to be considered sort of a quirky field. Basically, what behavioral economics is, is it's trying to take sort of methods and insights of psychology and apply them to economics to at least temper this idea of the, sort of, rational economic man. And I think when you see these kind of panics, that only lends credence to this idea.","Well, now there is plenty of situations to study and look at, and maybe this is an exciting time for economists. John Maynard Keynes came out of the Great Depression as a visionary. What do you see as the new hot field of study, based on what's happening now?","Well, I do think trying to explain what happened to lead up to this crisis and trying to figure how to get out of it is only going to drive more people into trying to look at the psychology of economic behavior. I think also just fields like banking regulation, which have not been considered very sexy for a long time, are going to draw a lot more new, young, smart academics.","And what about market bubbles?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Sexy\" here has nothing to do with sex. It just means the field is considered appealing and relevant so that people want to study it.","questions":"How is the term \"sexy\" being used in this context?","answer":"Attractive."}
{"text":["Well, tell us first, let's go back. How did you find out about this because I know they try and keep this very secret?How did you find out you had been awarded the MacArthur Grant?","I kind of got punked a little bit. I mean, it's the best way to get punked you could imagine, but they called me into the offices, I was going to be in Chicago for an event, and they basically called me in more or less under the pretense that they wanted me to talk about some candidates that I was recommending.","So of course I kind of scampered in to sort of support the folks that I was hoping would get it, and they just sort of surprised me with this, you know, this incredible gift and just, you know, it kind of just blew my brains open.","So they really did manage to keep it a secret?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The experience of being awarded the MacArthur Grant was overwhelming.","questions":"How did the MacArthur Grant make the person feel? (Answer: overwhelming)","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Last night, Portland, playing in front of its raucus, loyal crowd missed all four of its long-range jump shots in overtime after hitting a bunch earlier in the game. Pressure?Well, pressure can tighten muscles and can wreak havoc on long-range shooting.","And I - look, I'll just say I, you know, I traveled with the Chicago Bulls a few years ago while writing a book. A lot of those guys prefer to play on the roads 'cause they said they didn't have to worry about arranging tickets for their third-grader's teacher - you know?- or driving their Land Rover through rush-hour traffic from the suburbs to get to the game. They can isolate and concentrate on the road.","Absolutely.","Look, next season the NBA's going to have to wait around for the Harrison twins - aren't they?- from the University of Kentucky?They announced they're coming back. What's going on - they want to stay in school?What'll they learn there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a particular intonation or emphasis on certain words may suggest that they are being sarcastic or insincere, even if their words appear to be genuine.","questions":"How would you describe the PersonA's tone in turn 1?","answer":"Genuine"}
{"text":["European companies and the European Union recognize that the dominance of the dollar in international trading gives the United States very considerable power. And I believe that the Iran episode is going to be a turning point. It will show Russia, China, India, the European Union the value of building up alternative mechanisms for concluding international trade that do not use the dollar in any shape or form.","So I think the United States is set maybe to use their excessive power on this occasion but, over the long term, to lose power. And I think that's right. It should be my country that decides what is lawful trade with any other country not the United States. And the United States' use of its dominance in international trading is totally intolerable when it seeks to place U. S.  law above the law of my country as to what my businessmen can do.","That's Sir Richard Dalton, former British diplomat now president of the British Iranian Chamber of Commerce. Thank you for speaking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : US law should not be above the law of other countries in international trade.","questions":"Which law is the United States seeking to place above the law of other countries in international trade?","answer":"US"}
{"text":["Well, what's your evidence that that can be done?I mean, what is your evidence that you can?","What's the evidence that I could beat Donald Trump?","Yeah.","(Laughter) Well, I think there's 37 people trying to figure out how they can do it right now."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that people are already curious to know how A intends to defeat Trump.","questions":"Which person are people curious about defeating Trump?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["It seems simple at the outset, and we seem - we take it for granted. I mean, we're fortunate enough to be able to exercise our sense of taste and smell three times, if not more, a day. But what \"Taste What You're Missing\" is about is really stepping back, slowing down and understanding a little bit more about the mechanisms of what make up the concept of flavor, taste.","And so what I hope this book does is teach people a little bit more because we know that with greater understanding comes greater appreciation. And so the bottom line takeaway from this book, I hope, is a greater appreciation for food. And I'm not talking about just those meals where we go out to a fine restaurant, we - we're spending a lot of our money to have a special occasion meal.","I'm talking about those mundane meals that we have every day because there's joy and incredible sensory experiences in everything we put in our mouth.","1-800-989-8255 is our number if you'd like to talk with Barb Stuckey, author of \"Taste What You're Missing. \"And let's get right into this then, and talk about what is wrong with the way that most people taste food. What you're saying, we're not taking advantage of just eating a plain old meat-and-potatoes hamburger or something like that."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"let's get right into this\" - In this context, this phrase means to start discussing the topic at hand immediately. The literal meaning of getting into something would be to physically enter into it.","questions":"Which phrase means to start discussing the topic at hand immediately?","answer":"right"}
{"text":["You know what else my mother said?You should talk to more people in their 80s because they've looked across the street at death for a decade. And they know what's really important in life.","Your mother was smart. Now, I'm talking as one of the people in the 80s. Nobody wants to hear that you met Harry Truman, you know. Shh.","(Laughing) You didn't meet Harry Truman, did you?","I met Harry Truman. But you know what I mean?Nobody's interested. They want to know you've met Rihanna, and that kills me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Nobody wants to hear that you met Harry Truman\" - this is an expression meaning that people are not interested in hearing about things that happened a long time ago, especially if they are not relevant to their own lives.","questions":"What is the name of the person mentioned in the statement?","answer":"Truman"}
{"text":["But also, at the moment, there is a decided sense of panic and loss of confidence in the financial system itself, which is actually exacerbating the situation. The scariest thing that's going on at the moment is, essentially, there's a run on the whole of the Western world's banking systems. It's a behind-the-scenes run, but it's a run nonetheless. And this is why you're seeing some extraordinary action by central banks, essentially because they are now the only people in the - around who are willing to fund or finance the banking sector.","If there's a loss of faith in leadership in the U. S.  and Europe, where do you look for world financial leadership now?","Well, I think the interesting thing is, the normal thing - place you would look would be to the finance ministers and the central bank governors of the world and seek to see whether they can come up with some sort of plan or some sort of coordinated action. Everyone is gathering together later this week in Washington on Friday and at the weekend.","And so this is a real test. I don't think they necessarily want it to be a test, but I'm sure it will be seen as a test to see whether the authorities can do more than look at how to stop this happening again in the long term, which is one of things, actually, they were intending the meeting to be about, but actually to try and stop the panic."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is a sense of panic in the financial system and central banks are the only ones willing to finance the banking sector.","questions":"What is exacerbating the situation?","answer":"Loss"}
{"text":["Yeah, it looks absolutely beautiful.","'Cause I've seen this painting - it's enormous. (Laughter) And I'm trying to picture, A, what that's like for people and, B, why you thought it was important for the public to see it as it was happening.","Well, I think there's two factors. And one is that the painting is - it's very large. So you know, removing it from the galleries would also present a certain amount of risk. And the other thing is that it's not really possible at this time to say how long the research or the treatment will actually take. All in all, this is really the best possible scenario to actually treat it in the galleries, where it can be followed by the public. I think the public actually find it fascinating to look behind the scenes.","I'm sure you couldn't have imagined that the painting would have been attacked with a bread knife, and you're doing quite the operation here. So what are some of the challenges and obstacles that, you know, are making you guys nervous?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is implying that the situation is challenging and nerve-wracking for those involved in the operation, not necessarily that A and their team are nervous.","questions":"Which emotion is PersonB not necessarily implying that PersonA and their team are feeling during the operation?","answer":"nervous"}
{"text":["The White House and the state of California are in the middle of a war over auto emissions. Now 17 automakers are calling for a truce. They want the two sides to reach a compromise on emission standards. The automakers' proposal offers a middle ground between existing Obama-era standards and the Trump administration's announced rollbacks of those standards. NPR's Camila Domonoske has been following this and is in the studio with us this morning. Thanks for coming in.","Yeah, happy to be here.","First, just describe the nature of this standoff. How did it come to be?","Right. So during the Obama administration, the White House set these ambitious targets for fuel economy, basically saying that year over year, cars on average should get more miles per gallon as a way to reduce the contribution to climate change. So these targets were set through 2025 with specific goals every year. The Trump administration wants to freeze those targets at 2020 levels. So basically, instead of getting more efficient over time, cars could stay about where they are now."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Trump administration wants to keep fuel economy targets at 2020 levels.","questions":"How does Trump administration want to set the fuel economy targets?","answer":"Freeze"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Good morning.","So your reaction to this meeting - the president seems to rely on his own brand of personal politics to get things moving.","Absolutely. And Kim Jong Un knows this. That's why he's been trying very hard to separate President Trump from his advisers because he thinks there is a deal to be had by just directly dealing with the president. There are a couple noteworthy things that came out of this meeting. I noticed that Trump - President Trump saying that speed is not the object here because he's looking for a comprehensive deal. And then he hinted that sanctions could be lifted during the working-level negotiations.","This is a departure from the Trump administration's previous stance that sanctions would be lifted only after denuclearization. So I think the bottom line is President Trump is looking for a deal. And potentially, now that working-level negotiations are going to resume, there is a deal to be had."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's not literally a \"brand\" the president has; here it is referring to his own style and approach.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue refers to President Trump's approach and style?","answer":"Personal"}
{"text":["Yes. There are tens of thousands of North Koreans who are hiding in China today. At the peak in the late '90s, early 2000s, there were more than half a million. But in - about 25,000 have made it safely to South Korea where they're living today. And about 140, 150 have come to the United States, and there have been several hundred who've gone to Europe.","And this underground railroad, obviously the phrase we associate with escaped slaves from the South before the Civil War, but the analogy, you say, is apt.","The analogy is very similar. It's a secret network of safe houses and routes - secret routes across the country. It's staffed. It's operated mostly by Christians, similar to the original Underground Railroad, though there are also people who are in it for the money who are involved - brokers and human traffickers. And many of the people who help the North Koreans in China are ethnically Korean. That is they're Korean-Chinese or they're South Korean or there are - they are Americans who are of Korean heritage. I interviewed a number of the rescuers, and their stories are incredibly inspiring. Especially in this Christmas season, you think about these are people who are living their faith by going to a hostile country to help, and helping people that nobody else in the world is prepared to help.","And it's interesting. You tell the story of one of them: Adrian Hong."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : tens of thousands refer and implies large number ","questions":"What was the estimated number of North Koreans who made it safely to South Korea?","answer":"25,000"}
{"text":["I think it's really important to understand that this is literally part of our human condition, right?We're a pack species. We like other people to like us. We like them to know what we're doing. And we've been doing this for centuries, whether it was commissioning portraits, whether it was sending postcards from our trips, whether it was holding our neighbors hostage and making them watch 10,000 slides from our family vacation. This is part of who we are. It's just a matter of managing it effectively.","If this is an essential part of the human condition, are these fatalities just going to keep happening?","I think so. I think so. There are some measures in place to kind of help with those people who are accidentally finding themselves in the situation of taking risky selfies. I think the more difficult question to ask is, what do we do with those people who are deliberately trying to find that high-risk selfie moment?","I mentioned the U. S.  Forest Service warning against bear selfies and Yellowstone having this safe selfie pledge. What other steps are being taken to try to keep people safe?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn (3) \"those people who are accidentally finding themselves in the situation of taking risky selfies\" is an example of figurative language, as the phrase \"accidentally finding themselves\" implies a lack of agency or responsibility. In reality, individuals make a conscious decision to take risky selfies, and this phrase may be used to downplay their responsibility for their actions.","questions":"How does the phrase \"accidentally finding themselves\" in turn 2 imply responsibility?","answer":"Lack"}
{"text":["Is this a book about how someone becomes a terrorist?","In part. I talk about this as a sort of - as a Genesis moment for the book. But I remember distinctly I was watching this interview with a foreign affairs expert. And it was in the wake of the - there had been these sort of protests in an Afghan village against the U. S.  military presence in Afghanistan.","And the interviewer's question was something along the lines of, why do they hate us so much?And as part of his answer, this expert noted that sometimes the U. S.  forces have to go conduct these nighttime raids in these villages. And when they do this, they'll sometimes have to hold the women and children up at gunpoint. And they'll tear the places apart. And then he added, you know, in Afghan culture, this sort of thing is considered very offensive.","And I thought, you know, name me one culture on earth that wouldn't consider this sort of thing offensive?And so part of the book is - has to do with this idea that we all suffer the same way, and we become damaged by suffering in the same way regardless of which part of the world we grew up in or what we believe."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of the statement is that the speaker talks about the genesis of the book and how they were inspired to write it. The implicated meaning is that the speaker was motivated to write the book by their observations about the U.S. military presence in Afghanistan and the reactions of the Afghan people to it.","questions":"How was the speaker motivated to write the book?","answer":"Observations"}
{"text":["I wish I could think of a better opening. Tell me the Lyndon Baines Johnson story, if you could, please.","So during LBJ's administration, Mary was at home in her apartment one night. And she got a call from someone saying that he was with the Secret Service and the president planned to stop by. Mary was immediately convinced that it was one of her colleagues or friends pulling her leg. But when she opened her door and saw two Secret Service men standing by the elevator, she furiously began to tidy up her apartment and prepare for an impromptu visit from the commander-in-chief. Lyndon came in, they had a drink or two and Lyndon professed his great affection for her, Mary, I'm crazy about you, and made clear that he wanted to sleep with her. And in a way that was prototypically Lyndon Johnson, also said, I know you love the Kennedys, and now you should love me, which has to be about the worst pick-up line. . .","(Laughter).",". . . That I've ever heard in my life. And certainly the worst pick-up line for Mary."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn \"Laughter\" is not meant to indicate that someone is actually laughing but rather to acknowledge the humorous nature of the story being told.","questions":"What was the purpose of PersonB's response in turn 2?","answer":"Acknowledge"}
{"text":["The writer Robert Strauss suggests that any new president would have to sink pretty low to meet the level set by the man the title of his book calls \"Worst. President. Ever: James Buchanan, The POTUS Rating Game, And The Legacy Of The Least Of The Lesser Presidents. \"Robert Strauss joins us now from member station WHYY in Philadelphia. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you very much, Scott.","Fill in some biographical blanks for us. James Buchanan was a Pennsylvanian, a bachelor and a Democrat.","That's all true. He had the greatest resume - at least, the greatest governmental resume - of anybody who's ever run for president. He was a state representative. He was a U. S.  congressman of both houses. He was the ambassador to Great Britain, ambassador to Russia and secretary of state."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : James Buchanan had an impressive career in politics and government.","questions":"How would you describe James Buchanan's career?","answer":"Impressive"}
{"text":["Immigration proponents hope that if we care as much about poor people outside the United States as we do about poor people inside the United States, we'll raise the level of care for both. We've seen, instead, as we have become more cosmopolitan in our sympathies, we've ended up caring as little for fellow Americans as for people everywhere.","It is precisely because we are not honoring our commitments and our promises and our obligations to our fellow Americans that I'm urging people to have a stronger sense of social solidarity. And the way you get that stronger sense of social solidarity is by making the meaning of Americanism stronger, and that means making it more of a national community. And communities have boundaries between themselves and the rest of the world.","You ground a lot of your argument, though, in white Americans' fears, really, about a country that's getting less white. So is limiting immigration the answer?I mean, doesn't that just play into those fears and then legitimize them?","I don't ground very much of my argument on that at all. What I ground my argument upon is a tendency of the human mind, perceived by psychologists in people of all backgrounds, to be stressed by rapid change."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is trying to indirectly communicate a message or request to the listener.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue implies that the speaker is discussing the tendency of the human mind to be stressed by rapid change?","answer":"A3"}
{"text":["There are politicians from a wide variety of political parties that complain that the prime minister, Nouri al-Maliki, who is an Arab Shiite, that he has simply too much power. And critics have taken to calling him a dictator on TV over the last week. They're comparing his style of governance to Saddam Hussein. And they're basically holding up ratification and calling for a reform proposal that would curb many of Nouri al-Maliki's powers.","Meanwhile, Maliki's advisers are accusing these parties of using the American-Iraqi Treaty as a way to twist the prime minister's arm. They're calling this a desperate ploy for rival politicians to try to win popular support from the Iraq people.","So, Ivan, what are the prospects now for this status of forces agreement?It's intended to replace a U. N.  mandate which governs U. S.  troops being there. It's set to expire at the end of this year.","Well, that raises a lot of questions. The Iraqi prime minister has said he will not extend the United Nations mandate. The U. S.  has threatened, from what we're hearing from some Iraqi lawmakers, to begin withdrawal immediately."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The U.S. is using the threat of immediate withdrawal to pressure Iraq into extending the United Nations mandate","questions":"Which threat is the U.S. using to pressure Iraq?","answer":"withdrawal"}
{"text":["The final thing is this. How has both - how have both the culture and the appearance of Harlem changed with this new money and these new properties, newly priced properties?","Well, the culture is even more vibrant, because we have people that have moved in who have the money to contribute to the children's art carnival or the Dance Theater of Harlem or the Harlem School of the Arts. I mean, it's not just myself, it's brokers, other people who have moved in are writing large checks to these organizations, like the Studio Museum in Harlem. They weren't thriving before. Some of the organizations didn't exist before. The culture is only going to continue to be as great as it is and continue.","What you notice, though, is the complexion of the people walking down the street. In the bad old days when I moved up to Harlem, if I wanted to go shopping, you had to get on the subway and go to 42nd Street. Now I just walk down to 125th Street, and everything I want is there. And while I'm walking down the street, I see people from around the world. We get tourists from around the world, in addition to the non-African-Americans who are now residents of Harlem. So the face of Harlem is changing, but the culture is not going anywhere. The non-blacks who moved to Harlem moved there because they want the nightlife that we can offer.","Willie, thank you so much for being with us today and sharing your points of view."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Harlem is now more diverse, attracting non-African Americans.","questions":"How has the complexion of Harlem changed?","answer":"diverse"}
{"text":["Thank you very much for having me.","Can you describe the scene for us in Sana'a now?","The situation in Sana'a at the moment is very insecure and unpredictable. It's very scary, obviously, because the airstrikes come at any time. And now with the fuel crisis that's going on, Yemen is a country that is basically based all its - basics let's say from importing - the food, the fuel, the wheat - everything comes importing and talking about the main things that would allow the people to be alive. And now at the borders - the blockade in the borders - this is creating a huge catastrophe that is ahead of us at the moment.","Oxfam had been pushing to end the fighting, at least to get these shipments into the country. Are you worried about future shipments?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B: Oxfam had been pushing to end the fighting, at least to get these shipments into the country. Are you worried about future shipments?","questions":"Which organization had been pushing to end the fighting?","answer":"Oxfam"}
{"text":["Yes. I think it still is hard for some categories of people, so I'm keen to support people from underrepresented groups in physics. But also, there are people who maybe badly need the money. People from less well-off households could be very good physicists but just don't have that financial cushion.","So I'm wondering what advice you'd give to a young woman pursuing a career in the sciences.","I'd encourage her to hang in there. It's not quite as easy for her as it is for her male colleagues, but it is getting better. And working in the sciences is fantastic. You'll never want for a job.","Jocelyn Bell Burnell is an award-winning astrophysicist. Congratulations on your award."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Most people don't have enough money to pay for school.","questions":"How does turn 0 relate to the rest of the dialogue?","answer":"Irrelevant"}
{"text":["Well, you know, this is having a lot of different effects. So you know, some of the students have been expelled. Their admissions have been revoked. Some of the coaches have been fired. They face charges - athletic coaches who were involved in misrepresenting people as being recruits. And of course the legal cases are going to continue to unfold.","But I'm also interested in how it's unfolding in the broader culture at large. You know, whether you look at things like - we had a big debate last year about Harvard and affirmative action. And these conversations about things like legacy admissions are really bringing us to a broader conversation about, what do these elite colleges really offer?You know, the fact that they have nonprofit status - are they really serving the public, or are they just acting in a way that's really inflating their own bottom line and their own brands?","And so I think there's a broader conversation about, are there better ways to have admissions?And can we define excellence in education some other way other than, you know, something that's really expensive and only lets in about 5 percent of people who get to apply?","And for all that conversation, just in our last 30 seconds or so, do you see signs of systemic change coming?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The underlying implications are that elite colleges are more concerned about their own bottom line and reputation than actually providing access to higher education for all.","questions":"Which college attribute is being questioned in turn 2?","answer":"Reputation"}
{"text":["Take Darwin, for example. His theory of evolution by natural selection, the key to that theory, the way favorable traits are passed on, it's through genes. The only problem is Darwin did not understand genetics. In fact, his original idea of how inheritance worked would have been discredited. It would have discredited the whole process of evolution.","And it's just one of the fascinating stories in my next guest's book, \"Brilliant Blunders: From Darwin to Einstein. \"Mario Livio is the author. He's also an astrophysicist at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore. Welcome back to SCIENCE FRIDAY, Dr.  Livio.","Thank you for having me, Ira.","All these people made great mistakes."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : having me implies hosting me and where someone is a guest ","questions":"What does Livio imply with his response to PersonB's welcoming statement?","answer":"Grateful"}
{"text":["And so, finally, what would affect this backlog?What would be the most - in your view, based on your experience - the most effective way to address this backlog - this enormous backlog of cases?","I think, to begin with, any high-volume court system - criminal courts, you know, outside of the immigration system - can only survive when you have - the two parties are able to conference cases, are able to reach pre-case settlements, are able to reach agreements on things. If you could imagine in the criminal court system, if every jaywalking case had to go through a - you know, a full jury trial and then, you know, get appealed all the way up as high as it could go, that system would be in danger of collapse as well. So I think you have to return to a system where you allow the two sides to negotiate things.","And you also have to give the judges - let them be judges. Give them the tools they need to be judges and the independence they need to be judges. And lastly, you have to prioritize the cases.","Before we let you go, I assume that there were different political perspectives at this conference, given that people come from all different sectors of that - of the bar. And I just wondered - and I assume that there are some there who favor more restrictionist methods and some who don't. I was wondering, overall, was there a mood at this conference?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : cases implies situations, issues or conditions and not suitcases or packs","questions":"What is the subject matter that the backlog mentioned in the dialogue refers to?","answer":"Backlog"}
{"text":["So you were ready to stand up for yourself?","Oh, absolutely, 100 percent.","Do you ever talk to the students that you went to college with recently, students who were maybe sometimes 60 years younger than you, about what you have lived and what you have gone through?Do you ever tell them these kinds of stories?","In some of my classes, some of the fellows would ask me about the segregated South. I would reveal to them, like in one instance, we had a history major and he was just tickled to death to learn this stuff firsthand from somebody who had actually been through it. Example, I used to tell him that at Norfolk Navy Yard, the drinking fountains and lavatories were all segregated - black, colored water and colored bathrooms, white bathrooms. And the white water always broke down and they drank the colored water."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"Do you ever talk to the students that you went to college with recently...about what you have lived and what you have gone through?\" - The actual meaning could be, \"Do you share your personal experiences with younger students to educate them about historical events and give them a firsthand perspective?\" It may not necessarily mean just having casual conversations with former classmates.","questions":"How does PersonB suggest PersonA communicates their personal experiences with younger students?","answer":"Share"}
{"text":["The American Medical Association has largely stayed on the sidelines of political fights over the past 30 years or so. But a North Dakota law set to go into effect next month is spurring the doctor's group to get involved now. The law will require doctors in North Dakota to tell patients that medically induced abortions can be reversed. Now, there's no scientific evidence to support that claim, and the AMA is taking the state to court over it and another existing abortion law. Julie Rovner covers health policy at Kaiser Health News. She joins us now.","Welcome back to the program, Julie.","Thanks for having me.","We just described one of these laws. What's the other one, and why is the AMA concerned about it?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The AMA is concerned about another abortion law.","questions":"How is the AMPersonA responding to the second abortion law?","answer":"Existing"}
{"text":["Yes, it has. Theater has definitely been an escape to just, you know, work on the show, work on the production and see the magic of it going up and seeing that art. And theater has just become so much more diverse. All these stories that just tell these stories about people that you don't usually hear about. Whether they're queer, brown, black, trans, undocumented, it's all these stories. And I think that it's really magical, and it really paints like a really great picture of everybody on stage.","What shows have you worked on?","Here at VCU, we just closed \"Into The Woods. \"","Well, lots of luck to you - very good speaking with you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Theater has definitely been an escape\" implies that A sees production and acting as a way to get away from stress and problems in the real world.","questions":"What has become more diverse?","answer":"Theater"}
{"text":["Yeah.","He said she's obsessed with divorce. Everyone in her family's divorced. Some of them are divorced twice. Her parents got divorced when she was 6. I don't like to think that a divorce haunted me. And yet look at me. This somehow became my art. And then, I looked at the sort of evidence. And, this year, I've been married for 13 years, which is the year my parents got divorced. And now I feel like I'm in this sort of unknowable land. What are you supposed to do now?","I must say - as the days roll by and Rachel doesn't return and sends no word, you find yourself - I found myself as a reader going from worry about where she was, what might have happened, to anger.","Right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is worried about their own marriage","questions":"What feeling does the speaker express towards Rachel's disappearance?","answer":"Anger"}
{"text":["Thank you. Thanks for having me.","Now, the books were released on inauguration day. I don't know if that was significant or not. Tell us if it was and what inspired these collections?","Well, these collections I have been thinking about for a long time. I've been talking about it with my agent for sometime about doing something like this. The big fear was that, no publisher would be that interested in it because they wouldn't think the collection could be sustained over a period of time doing it every year. But Bantam believed it and so Bantam, we ultimately made a deal with Bantam to do it. The date wasn't really significant. I mean, the date turned out to be significant but we had set the date a long time before and we were just hoping that Obama would win so the date would really have some significance but it was all an accident. It turned out well though.","Now, you're going to - we've had anthologies before obviously. But the new thing about this anthology is that you're going to try to publish it annually. How difficult do you think that is likely to be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Tell us if it was and what inspired these collections?\" is not actually asking for information about whether the release date was significant or not. The interviewer is using this as a prompt to ask the author about the inspiration behind the book collections.","questions":"How is the interviewer prompting the author to talk about the inspiration behind the book collections? (Answer: \"prompt\")","answer":"Prompt"}
{"text":["It was really expensive. It was the most expensive substance on Earth at the time. We're talking about equivalent of 2. 2 million dollars for a single gram.","Wow. And in 1917, of course, with World War I cranking up, there was huge military demand for watches that you could see in the dark and dials that you could see in the - in the dark.","That's right. And as you said, this is when the book opens, so shortly before America joined the First World War. And once they did, of course, join that global conflict, there was this huge boom to the radium industry. Soldiers needed watches, and people needed it for the planes and the trucks and so on. And so the dial painters, who were the radium girls - they were employed to paint all these dials with luminous radium paint. And they were taught to lip point, so to put their brushes between their lips to make a fine point for the detailed handiwork.","To actually put the brush with the radium paint into their mouth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3), the speaker mentions the \"radium girls\" who were employed to paint dials with luminous radium paint during World War I. The implied meaning here is that these workers were exposed to dangerous levels of radiation due to their work, which had severe health consequences for many of them.","questions":"Which dangerous substance were the radium girls exposed to?","answer":"Radium"}
{"text":["And he - those books served as sort of benchmarks of learning of the time. They were encyclopedias on whatever it was: optics, even music, that kind of thing. And even though they contained many propositions that could then be proven wrong by experiment, which is by the way a pretty valuable service in a way, you know, they were important works that almost all the major figures of that time had to contend with.","You've likened him to a kind of Forrest Gump of the 17th century.","I have, yeah. I mean, well, the thing is - the only difference is that Forrest Gump, you know, was this innocent, na\u00c3\u00afve, you know, sort of - had a kind of pure quality to his character. Kircher was a courtier, a careerist. He was not above fibbing if it suited him to get ahead in his career. But he was, in the way that Forest Gump was, kind of one or two degrees of separation away from so many kind of characteristic moments of the time and also as well as people.","So as I say, you know, born on the eve of a witch hunt, he was kind of thrown around in the turmoil of the 30 Years War. He arrived in Rome in 1633 just months after the Galileo trial. He was in Rome in 1656 for the plague, you mentioned the plague, and. . .","And he survived."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Forrest Gump implies a person achieves a lot when they aren't expected to achieve a lot","questions":"How would you describe the person being compared to Forrest Gump in the dialogue?","answer":"careerist"}
{"text":[". . . which has its own problems. Arranged marriages are - people are speaking up for them nowadays.","Well, you know, I mean, that that is the time. The woman - he asked the hand of this woman, his late 20s. But this is also because of that, that you can have this kind of melodrama. I mean, \"Romeo and Juliet\" today, it cannot happen because if the father of Juliet today say to Juliet, you cannot marry Romeo; and she say, I don't care. And she will go out and marry him anyway. And if she marries him, then there is no more love story anymore. You know, they marry; then they had a - lots of children.","You know, imagine Romeo and Juliet and they have like, 12 kids. Who would care about their story, you know?","Romeo and Juliet go to Costco. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Arranged marriages are - people are speaking up for them nowadays.\" The literal meaning of this turn is that arranged marriages have some problems, but people are starting to support them nowadays. However, the actual meaning is that arranged marriages are controversial and people have different opinions about them.","questions":"Which topic is being discussed in turn 0?","answer":"Arranged"}
{"text":["I've also been impressed by what Germany has done to address their history. And I notice in some spots in Germany, you will have plaques that remember the lives and the death of individual German soldiers. Is there room for that?","There's a room for a commemorating individual soldiers. There's a room for, I think, monument on battlefields. I mean, Gettysburg - people have asked me, what about Gettysburg?Well, you know, people fought and died there. So, yes, I think to the extent that these things are done in places that are not meant to send a message of domination, sure that's appropriate.","If it were up to you, what should be done with a lot of Confederate statues?","I think the Confederate statues should be removed. The notion that removing them means we're getting rid of history or changing history is not true. We will always write about Robert E.  Lee, Grant, the war, but that's - doesn't have to be commemorated, I think, in statues."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : I've also been impressed by what Germany has done to address their history.And I notice in some spots in Germany, you will have plaques that remember the lives and the death of individual German soldiers.Is there room for that?  Actual Meaning: Is it acceptable to honor and remember the individual German soldiers who died in the war?","questions":"How did Germany address their history?","answer":"Plaques"}
{"text":["It's been an exciting year for developments in space. Just earlier this week, SpaceX successfully landed a 15-story tall section of one of their rockets back on Earth. And joining me to discuss what's been going on off our planet during 2015 is NPR science correspondent Geoff Brumfiel. So explain exactly what happened that a part of the rocket returned.","In some sense, this was just another rocket launch for SpaceX. You know, they sent 11 communication satellites into orbit. What really makes this special is what happened to the big first stage of the rocket. Now, normally this would just fall back to Earth. But this time, SpaceX flipped it around and then flew it back to near the launch site and actually landed it. They fired the engines a second time and it sort of floated down onto the pad. It was pretty spectacular to watch.","The space pad looks big when you're looking at it on the Earth. But from space, it must be a tiny dot.","Yeah, I mean SpaceX describes it as trying to shoot a pencil over the Empire State Building, have it turn around and land in a shoebox vertically. That's how hard this is."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The use of the word \"exciting\" suggests that the developments in space during 2015 were particularly noteworthy or significant.","questions":"What word describes the developments in space during 2015?","answer":"Exciting"}
{"text":["If Beijing could have its way, David, what do you think they would want to do with Hong Kong?What would they want from Hong Kong?","Well, we know they would like Hong Kong to basically focus on money and making money and not worry about politics at all. That was the model. I mean, it's a comparison that Beijing would hate. But the truth is they basically treat it like a colony. It used to be a British colony. It's now a colony of China. And like any well-behaved colony, you're meant to focus on getting rich, making money and not worry about politics.","And David, just briefly, what happens in 2047, 50 years after Britain hands Hong Kong back to China?What happens then?","Well, then the promise of one country, two systems falls away, but the truth is they're going to try and chip away as in all kinds of small and subtle ways before then. We're also going to see probably more mainland immigration into Hong Kong - would be one way of diluting Hong Kong's kind of will to resist. But let's not underestimate an amazing thing that happened. There is a piece of China that gets free press, that knows what's happening, that is allowed to protest - not allowed where I'm sitting in Beijing - and they said, no, and the government backed off. And that's an absolutely extraordinary thing that can only happen in Hong Kong."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Hong Kong's autonomy is being gradually eroded before the 2047 deadline","questions":"Which deadline is mentioned in the conversation?","answer":"2047"}
{"text":["What are the odds that the Iranian leadership, after maybe some public demonstrations of disapproval, decides, well, you know, there's still a lot of overwhelming economic reasons for us to stay in this agreement with the European Union?","Well, the problem is there's still not overwhelming economic interests coming in. If European Union can somehow protect its businesses and come up with some mechanisms that could give Iran at least some promises and guarantees that - moving towards the future, there could be some economic benefits. And depending on that, I think if Iran believes - as President Rouhani actually put out a different statements on his Instagram and Twitter - what matters is national interests, economic interests, whether Europeans can guarantee it without U. S.  We would be willing to remain compliant to the deal. And the supreme leader actually put out a statement approving that, as well. So all eyes are on Europeans right now.","Should the Iranian government be worried about their survival?","I don't think so. Usually, when the crisis like this arises, it actually brings more unity than anything. And I think the more pressure and sort of the more isolation for Iran, it actually strengthens the regime in a way. You know, I don't think that this strategy that some people talk about - and they think that there is a possibility that this could bring about regime change - is at all anything likely. And I think having to deal with a short-term crisis with the hopes that this will bring change - I'm skeptical on that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The statement mean that There is possibility for Iranian government to face difficulty for survival if there is not support.","questions":"What is the concern about the Iranian government's survival?","answer":"Survival"}
{"text":["I want to mention that Mark Bryant of the Gun Violence Archive is remaining with us for this hour to offer context if we need him. And so, Congressman, you unveiled a detailed plan to address gun violence as part of your presidential campaign. You had a chance to talk about some of these issues in the debate that you participated in. Tell us about, if you would, just, like, what's your signature idea here?And tell us why you think that's so important.","You know, the signature principle is we don't have to live this way. And so many of my constituents have been calling and texting and saying that they're afraid to go to public places. They're afraid to take their kids shopping with them - that they're mindful of that now and in ways that they've never been before. And, you know, one of the ways that we could reduce that fear would be to ban and buy back the 15 million assault weapons in America.","You know, many folks have called for an assault weapon ban on future manufacturing and sales, but I don't think that would go far enough. I think we need to get every single weapon of war off the streets. And it's not something - this is not an original idea. You know, Australia did it in the '90s and New Zealand is underway doing it now after their mosque shooting.","Well, advocates of expansive gun rights would argue that the United States is different, and that the right to own a gun is both - is a constitutional right. What do you say about that?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"ban and buy back\" means prohibiting and repurchasing","questions":"Which two countries are mentioned by \"A\" as examples of countries that banned assault weapons?","answer":"Australia,New-Zealand"}
{"text":["So when we think of plays like \"Romeo And Juliet,\" quite often they mention - well, in particular \"Romeo And Juliet\" - it mentions nightingales and particularly larks. And indeed would make the sound of a lark. So found - in any other context you could just say, oh, it's a (unintelligible). But found in this context, there's a possibility that it was used, as you say, as a special effect during performance.","Oh, my word. What else have you found that'd we'd enjoy hearing about?","We're just starting to find things that may have been used by actors or the audience - things like clay pipes or hair combs and the old coin.","What will become of the Curtain when you're done?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"And indeed would make the sound of a lark\" - Here, the phrase \"make the sound of a lark\" is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as a metaphor for the sound that the actor would produce, perhaps through singing or whistling, to create the impression of a lark.","questions":"How did the actor create the impression of a lark?","answer":"Singing"}
{"text":["Absolutely. This is probably one of the most consequential elections in Israel in the last 10 years, since Netanyahu has been in power.","Daniel, thanks so much.","You're welcome.","That's NPR's Daniel Estrin."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"How long has Netanyahu been in power?","answer":"10"}
{"text":["No, physically, we're - really pretty pathetic. Offhand, I cannot think of an animal which, if your size, let's say 150 pounds, that could not absolutely obliterate you in hand-to-hand or tooth-to-incisor combat. And our dominance in the world is all thanks to this trick of coming up with these codes that enable us to remember what happened yesterday or years ago. And it has a permanence that has a tremendous advantage (laughter). It has nothing to do with the theory of evolution.","Yeah. But you say that speech bedeviled Darwin as a matter of fact.","It did. He could not figure out what it was. He assumed because of his theory that everything evolved from animals, and he didn't even include it in his theory language until he decided that it came from our imitation of the cries of birds. And I think it's misleading to say that human beings evolved from animals. I mean, actually nobody knows whether they did or not. And there are very few physical signs, except for the general resemblance between apes and humans. The big evolution, if you want to call it that, is that this one species, Homo sapiens, came up with this ingenious trick, which is language.","Are you concerned, Mr.  Wolfe, or are you resolutely not concerned that people who don't believe in evolution for religious reasons, not scientific ones, are going to begin to cite your work as some kind of scientific proof?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the actual meaning is that speech was a difficult problem for Darwin to explain and understand, rather than speech causing trouble or vexation for Darwin, as the word \"bedeviled\" might suggest.","questions":"How did Darwin view speech as per turn (2)?","answer":"Imitation"}
{"text":["Hobbes wrote about the challenges his generation faces in a December article for Highline, which is put out by the Huffington Post. Its headline, \"Millennials Are Screwed,\" caught our attention this week. And we asked Hobbes to explain his pessimistic prediction.","Healthcare, housing and education are more than five times more expensive than they were for our parents. There are fewer steady jobs. Wages have stagnated since the 1970s. I mean, I can go on and on and on. And so its weird that we're constantly talking about how millennials should do this differently, and millennials should do that differently. But we dont talk that much about - hey, the country around us can do some things differently, too.","So you obviously believe that the baby boomers messed up your life?How did they do that?","Well, I've gotten a lot of emails since the article came out from boomers that are saying, we've fallen off the ladder, too. And if you're 55 years old, there's a lot of discrimination for getting back into the workforce. But what we're seeing is that those impacts are concentrated on the young. So I think there's really three paradigm shifts. The first one is work has become much lower quality, basically - that there's fewer decent jobs now. Many of the jobs that are available are contingent work or sort of have been farmed out to contractors. Many fewer jobs provide things like pension, benefits or health care these days."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"messed up\" means to cause problems or difficulties, not that something was physically destroyed or ruined.","questions":"What did \"messed up\" mean in turn 2?","answer":"Problems"}
{"text":["Madam de Pompadour was the mistress of Louis XV and a style-setter. A painting shows her at her vanity table with her mirror, her makeup brush and compact, wearing a shockingly low-cut gown. Her preening went on for hours, so she'd receive visitors as she put on her makeup.","She had incredibly good taste, and hired only the most important, the most well-known furniture designers, painters. She was very cultured, and she created amazing furniture. And this table was made for her Chateau Bellevue. And it's impeccably made. The marquetry is fantastic. It's all about her life and who she is and her lifestyle. And so you should notice that on the top of the bronze-gilt mounts of the legs, there are little castle tops representing where she lives, her chateau. And then the top shows all of her interests - her interests in gardening and nature, her interest in music. And this was, obviously, commissioned by her and was to make to show her interests and her likes.","There are exquisite combs in the exhibit. Some of them are decorated with precious gems, others made out of rubber, and some made out of ebony and ivory. But they were not all used for beauty alone.","The interesting thing about the double-sided combs: the wide tooth is to comb hair, and the narrow end is to comb out the lice."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) implies that Madam de Pompadour was very vain and spent a lot of time preening herself, indicating that she may have been more concerned with her appearance than her actual duties as the mistress of Louis XV.","questions":"Which exhibit showcases combs decorated with precious gems, rubber, and ebony and ivory?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["So I'm going to plunge straight into another topic. That's gas prices. They rose more than six cents in one day following news of the damage to the Gulf Coast. There is a lot of oil industry there. Tropical Storm Ike also damaged that area.","Now, there is a question of whether or not folks are getting unfairly gouged. One gas station is said to have charged five dollars for a gallon of regular, and there are some other places in the damaged areas that don't even have gas. So is this price gouging?And I'm not just talking about the people in the effected areas, but people across the country.","There is some price gouging, I think, when you get to five dollars. On the other hand, when you're talking about what's happening with production, the fact is that there are almost immediate shortages. Gas stations have the gas that they have under their stations to pump, that's all they have. They have to get deliveries of other gas and it's more scarce, it costs them more.","So if someone decides, in anticipation of price rises, to raise the price on the gas under their station, that's not fair but it's somewhat reasonable. But when they take it from a few cents to five dollars, if it was being posted as $3. 65, which was the national average, and then you get up to five dollars, that does seem to be a bit much."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Gas prices are rising because of immediate shortages caused by the storm.","questions":"What caused the rise in gas prices?","answer":"storm"}
{"text":["As it stands now, it's getting bigger and better, and I am very hopeful that it would stay that way. At the same token, I know that it takes a smart business person to run a successful business. So it's all about how you position yourself. I'm continuously networking, and meeting with people, and developing relationships with some very prominent people. So therefore, business is prospering, and I will continue to do that.","But it would seem to me - and perhaps you can offer some clarification on this point - that there are a lot of people who are in business such as yourself, who are good at what they do, who are conscientious, who are working hard and yet who find themselves, for whatever reasons, not doing and not being as successful as they would like. And there must be something that separates you from them besides, perhaps, your business plan and your enthusiasm. Is that realistic?","That is very realistic. I mean, I think that goes with any position. You have singers, actors, and a lot of them have been in the business for years and have never made it, if you will, because certain people have it and certain people don't. You either have a drive and a knack for really connecting with people and making some things happen for yourself. Or you can be as talented as the next person, but you may never go anywhere with that talent if you don't have the right connections, the right personality and the right know-how.","You said that you've lived near the Obamas in Chicago, in the High Park area, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Being good at something is not enough for success.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the drive and knack required for success?","answer":"Drive"}
{"text":["Sure. Well, before she becomes a pirate, she tries shoplifting. And when Gwen is shoplifting, she imagines herself as named Octavia. She imagines herself to much more glamorous persons, so there's a little bit in this book that's here.","(Reading) She remembered what it was called - shoplifting - and pictured lifting the whole place, the aisles tilting and tumbling their baubles and trinkety treasures into her pockets. Pink razors for her burnt leg and then a keychain she thought Naomi would like. And when she realized she could steal for other people, it was an avalanche, a chew bone for Toby the II, more stuff for Naomi, a stuffed bear and a tiny license plate that said Naomi. Three flasks of perfume, curvy and shapey like internal organs in her pockets, and she was done with Mother's Day for ages.","Her father liked the electronic things, which were behind locked cabinets. But she grabbed a slick stereo magazine and managed to slip into one of her boots. It would be a way to warm him for taking the bus by herself. By now she was thirsty and rounded a corner to open a fridge and grab an iced tea in a bottle that felt so good in her hands. It was One Universe Green Tea, which the label said was good for the immune system and for Octavia's skin. No one had stopped her. No one had spoken to her. It was smooth sailing. All for one and one for all.","So is there a straight line from that to piracy or just adolescence?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"straight line from that to piracy\" - actual meaning: the author uses figurative language to question whether her shoplifting is a direct cause of her becoming a pirate, not that there is a literal straight line linking the two.","questions":"What does the author mean by \"straight line\"?","answer":"Connection"}
{"text":["This seems to be something that President Trump does a lot. He doubles down on controversial comments.","And digs in. When someone tells him he's wrong, he especially digs in.","Yeah. Let's turn to trade now. There are reports that this administration is close to a new round of tariffs on Chinese goods, while they are still opening a new round of talks with Beijing. So what is going on?How should we read this?","Well, there might be something of a disconnect between the president and others in his administration. Others in his administration want to resolve what has been an escalating and ongoing trade dispute with China. What's being discussed here are $200 billion in tariffs on Chinese products. It isn't official yet, but according to many reports, it is coming. The question is whether these tariffs are a means to an end, the idea that you would be tightening the screws on China to get them to change their behavior and that then these tariffs would be dropped, or whether it's an end in itself."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Digs in\" is not literal. It is a metaphor implying that he, like soldiers in a trench, will not back easily away from his position.","questions":"Which term is used metaphorically to imply that President Trump will not easily back away from his position?","answer":"Digs"}
{"text":["Well, because there are a number of reasons that a security clearance can be denied. Among them would be foreign contacts, foreign business interests, criminal activity, financial instability, drug and alcohol use. And some of these are very serious. If employees who had the history of these issues - and they weren't properly mitigated, they could be a risk to national security if they received security clearances.","You're saying hypothetically those could be reasons security clearances would be denied. Were they in these cases reasons that they were denied?","Some of them were applicable in different cases, yes.","Is overriding 25 security clearance denials a large number?I have no idea what's normal in this situation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Is overriding 25 security clearance denials a large number?I have no idea what's normal in this situation.\" - The actual meaning is that B is unsure if overriding 25 security clearance denials is a large number compared to what is considered normal in this situation.","questions":"How many security clearance denials were overridden?","answer":"Overridden"}
{"text":["The investigations into the fatal Lion Air and Ethiopian Airlines crashes have revealed troubling details about safety. For example, Boeing was charging extra for a safety feature - one that might've helped the pilots in those flights. Boeing says it will now make that feature standard. We wondered whether the same could be true of safety features in cars.","Some new cars have features to avoid collisions or stay in a lane. Depending on the make and model, features like those could come standard or cost extra. David Friedman was acting administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and he's now on the policy side of Consumer Reports. Welcome to the studio.","Thanks a lot for having me, Ari.","Let's start by talking about a feature called automatic emergency braking. I understand this is a technology that has been really widely adopted, largely because of a voluntary agreement where automakers said they'll make it standard by 2022. What does this do?How important is it?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Let's start by talking about a feature called automatic emergency braking.\"","questions":"How did PersonB suggest discussing a particular feature?","answer":"Talking"}
{"text":["You've been following temporary staffing trends for more than two decades now. What sectors are relatively insulated from layoffs?","Well, the sectors that are most resilient are the higher-skill sectors, or if you can get into industries that are involved in education or health care or government. Those are the areas where you get the most bang. We're also seeing a nice increase in the mortgage-processing area, because one of the things the government's doing is lowering the conforming rate for mortgages. And so, there's kind of a rush to refinance.","When you say higher skills, are you talking about engineering, things of that sort?","Well, even within, say, clerical admin, there's always demand for good, you know, personal assistants. There's always demand for engineers or, you know, highly skilled folks. There are sometimes fewer jobs in those areas but for good people, you can get employed.","Now, geographically, where are the hot spots for temporary work?","We're seeing the best demand really around the D. C.  area. You know, Maryland, Virginia, the District of Columbia, of course the government's kind of gearing up, and there's lots of activity to, you know, take on some of these new projects. Another good area is Texas. Texas still has some residual goodwill related to energy and utilities. Beyond that, there is most of the - most every area of the country is feeling some pinch. Some of the toughest places are California, Nevada and Florida."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Those are the areas where you get the most positive information.","questions":"How would you describe the information gained from the resilient sectors mentioned by A?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["But to point out the obvious: the play chess, they don't watch it.","Who would ever in a million years have imagined that anyone would be interested in watching golf on TV?In our poll, golf is considered the most boring sport in America and yet it's incredibly successful on TV. It is indeed considered, in this poll, more boring than chess. But if you think about it, if you know anything about chess, you know that there's a rich, thick history, both of players and personalities and madness and theory that you can talk about on and on and on and on. There's nothing to talk about in golf.","Andrew Paulson speaking with us from London. Thank you very much. Good luck to you and to chess, Mr.  Paulson.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that Andrew Paulson is wishing the interviewer good luck as well as himself and the game of chess.","questions":"Which game is Andrew Paulson associated with?","answer":"Chess"}
{"text":["All right. Give me - we just have time for one tip for online dating, something you should do or shouldn't do.","One thing you should do is be yourself. Never ever, ever post any picture that's like five years old and 50 pounds lighter or heavier than you are. It's like your picture should reflect who you are, and the way that you write your profile should reflect who you are as a person, as well as the person that you're trying to attract for a date. Things you should not do, never have someone meet you in your home on a first date that you've never met before. Don't give out any specifics. I say, don't tell someone where you work unless you want them to come and visit you there.","Right.","Don't give them your address unless you want them to come and visit you there as well."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 50 pounds  implies a weight and not referring to 50 British pounds ","questions":"Which number refers to the turn where the speaker advises against revealing personal information?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["I am - my lips are sealed. But let's just say we are a certain kind of gypsy and we - it's very much like a family. When you've been touring together for six months or more and you're all living on a bus, you become very close and very supportive and close in good ways and bad ways.","But we feel very privileged to be able to do what we do. And the places we get to go, the people we get to meet, the stages we get to perform on, it's a privilege. It really is. It's something we don't ever want to take for granted.","I was, again, thinking back to that song, in that leafy neighborhood you described around Washington, D. C.","Well, actually, I was thinking about where I grew up - the first 10 years of my life - in Princeton, New Jersey, when I was describing that. But you're right, very much, lot of leafy neighborhoods in Washington where I have spent most of my life."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : We appreciate the opportunities we get to perform","questions":"How do they feel about the stages they perform on?","answer":"Opportunities"}
{"text":["So it's not unusual for hospitals to sue patients for unpaid medical bills, but there's so much striking about this situation. Like, what are some of the things where - that stands out about this about how unusual this is?","So Methodist is really aggressive in their use of the courts to collect on these debts. Once they get a judgment, they will hound a patient from low-wage job to low-wage job to try to garnish their wages, and that's what we saw with the main character in our story, Carrie Barrett. I call her Ms.  Carrie. So Ms.  Carrie had surgery in 2007, was sued in 2010. And since then, the hospital has actually added $18,000 worth of interest to her debt. So not only do they add, you know, $5,000 in attorney's fees - they're also accruing interest even as they know she works at low-income jobs.","So part of how this works is Methodist gets the judgment, and then they filed a garnishment order. The employer can return that garnishment order saying, basically, this person doesn't make enough to even have their wages garnished. Ms.  Carrie's employer was telling her she's not even making more than enough to have her wages garnished, and Methodist kept after her. It was like they were just waiting to see if she made a little bit more money so they could take it.","And they also are affiliated with the United Methodist Church. I mean, there are three bishops, as I understand from your reporting, that serve on the board. Did they have something to say about this?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Methodist hospital is very aggressive in collecting unpaid medical bills.","questions":"Which hospital is aggressive in collecting unpaid medical bills?","answer":"Methodist"}
{"text":["You know, it hurts them both because many of the voters just don't understand how this can be happening. They know the president wants it. They know the Senate majority wants it or says it wants it. But the Senate just can't muster even half its votes to do it, and they can't bring all the Republicans to bear on it. So something is not right. Either the mojo of the president isn't working or the mechanism of the Senate is not working, and to some degree, both are true.","Is there any reason why Democrats now might want to sign on to any kind of bipartisan health care effort when their own plan has been saved?","Yes, absolutely. The Democrats need to go forward with some kind of bipartisan solution because there are many real problems with the execution and the administration of Obamacare. Now, Patty Murray, the senator from Washington state, has been working with Tennessee's Lamar Alexander in the Senate. And he's a Republican. He's the chairman of one of the committees that's relevant here.","And, of course, a lot of the Democrats are aware of these shortfalls. And there are counties with only one insurance company and counties where it's not clear there are going to be any insurance companies. And some of that's been overblown, but there are real problems. And, of course, any bill, any large program, any law needs to be revisited and amended, and the parties need to get together to do that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that Democrats might not be interested in a bipartisan effort since their own plan has been successful.","questions":"How might Democrats view the execution and administration of Obamacare?","answer":"Problems"}
{"text":["Well, because there are a number of reasons that a security clearance can be denied. Among them would be foreign contacts, foreign business interests, criminal activity, financial instability, drug and alcohol use. And some of these are very serious. If employees who had the history of these issues - and they weren't properly mitigated, they could be a risk to national security if they received security clearances.","You're saying hypothetically those could be reasons security clearances would be denied. Were they in these cases reasons that they were denied?","Some of them were applicable in different cases, yes.","Is overriding 25 security clearance denials a large number?I have no idea what's normal in this situation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The reasons for security clearance denial listed by A are hypothetical but serious.","questions":"Which types of issues would make an employee a risk to national security if they received security clearances, according to PersonA in turn 0?","answer":"Foreign"}
{"text":["Now let's turn to West Africa. For more than a decade, Liberia has been struggling to recover from civil war. It has a female head of state now, and it also has big supporters in the U. S.  One of them is Bob Johnson, who founded and later sold Black Entertainment Television. Now he's building a four-star beachfront resort near Liberia's capital, Monrovia. Bob Johnson recently told me why he decided to invest millions of dollars in Liberia's economy.","It's part of a commitment I made to President Johnson Sirleaf and the people of Liberia, to help Liberia recover from some 13, 14 years of civil war. And it came about as a result of my participation, as well as President Sirleaf's participation in President Clinton's global initiative that he hosts every year in New York. And the charter is, do something, small or large, but do something. And so my something is to help Liberia.","What are we talking about in terms of the kind of money it takes to make this happen?","We are putting in approximately 12 to 13 million dollars in the construction of this hotel and the opening of the hotel, which is scheduled for March of '09. It'll be an 86-room hotel, as I said, situated on the beach, great facility for everybody from government officials and expats who want to go back and visit Liberia, as well as business people who are looking to do business in post-conflict Liberia.","So, do you expect to get a tourist crowd eventually?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Bob Johnson invested in Liberia to help the country recover from civil war.","questions":"Which country was Liberia recovering from civil war?","answer":"Liberia"}
{"text":["There's something magical about that part of a meal that really seems to have inspired the book. Like, the beginning, when everyone is, like, just arriving and gathering and, like, what you want to serve in a moment like that.","Yeah. I mean, even just hearing you describe it that way, it's the best moment of a party. So, you know, everyone's hugging and kissing, and there's catching up and clinking of wine glasses. And it's just the best moment. And I think when those first platters of food start to roll out of the kitchen, it's just a celebration.","Do you ever really sit down, or is it constant movement, like, more plates coming out and just kind of wandering around and eating and talking?","What I love about antipasti is that even in a restaurant, oftentimes they'll have sort of a big communal table in the center of the restaurant, and they'll allow you to come up with, you know, your plate and a big spoon and just kind of point to or pick through and serve yourself whatever you want from the antipasti spread. So that's kind of the most interactive moment of the meal, which is maybe also why it's one of my favorites."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"everyone's hugging and kissing\" - This is a common expression used to describe a warm and friendly greeting between people, but it doesn't always literally mean that people are hugging and kissing.","questions":"What is the best moment of a party according to A?","answer":"greetings"}
{"text":["I can imagine someone being stunned for a moment by being struck by an object, especially at a high speed like that. But I don't understand that because if there was over a minute when the throttle was advanced farther than it should've been and - you know, things happen when you're an engineer. You should be used to them. So I - it doesn't really seem to me like that's a probable cause, but we'll have to wait and see.","I don't have to tell you, Mr.  Hughes, that the crash and the deaths of eight people have set off a debate - those who say the derailment says Amtrak needs more money, others who say Amtrak isn't - is wasting a lot of the money that it gets. Recognizing there are no guarantees, would greater government funding have perhaps meant this derailment wouldn't happen?","It might have. The thing that is important here is Amtrak doesn't have any discretionary money. Every penny they get goes into something that's really important, especially capital money like this. And so I would think that money played some part in it in that when Amtrak has to do large projects, they have to space them out in smaller parts over multiple years. And I don't know the facts in this case, but I do know that that is true with a number of large capital projects. You just can't do them quickly 'cause the funding isn't there.","When you were in charge, Mr.  Hughes, did you find it hard to get funding for Amtrak, a lot of skepticism and doubt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Did you find it difficult to convince people to give Amtrak the necessary funding it needed?","questions":"How did Mr. Hughes find funding for Amtrak when he was in charge?","answer":"Smaller"}
{"text":["Have you had any feelers for a plea bargain from Socrates?","We were open to that discussion. And so, if Mr.  Webb and Mr.  Bob Clifford are listening, we're hoping to cut a deal. And it would disappoint the audience, who paid for a show, but I think we'd be willing to talk about perhaps a deferred prosecution agreement.","In our time, I think the key to Socrates wisdom is taken to be that Socrates said he was not the wisest man in Athens, and of course that just confirmed that he was because he was the only man who was aware of his limitations in ignorance. How do lawyers react to that?","Oh, I think there's a lot to be said for that, in that Socrates asked a lot of questions and gave fewer answers. But I think a lot of what happened in the trial of Socrates was interesting history. For example, the people talk about the death penalty, and I think what they miss at the time was that Athenian law required a jury to pick between the two options. So, if the government asked for death and the defendant asked for something different, they couldn't come up with a third option. And so since Socrates put before the jury his request that he be given free meals for life, they really had little choice. Either pay a man convicted of a crime free meals for life or put him death. And so I think part of what will take place next week is to try to put people back in the perspective of the Athenians, where Socrates gave them little choice and had to vote when it came to the penalty phase."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : none","questions":"How did Socrates put the jury in a difficult position?","answer":"Little"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me, Scott.","Let me begin with what's being called the tarmac summit. Bill Clinton, Attorney General Lynch happened to be at the Phoenix airport at the same time. And Bill Clinton arranged a private meeting, lasted about half an hour, with the attorney general. Your old colleague, David Axelrod, tweeted, quote, \"I take Loretta Lynch and Bill Clinton at their word that their convo in Phoenix didn't touch on probe. But foolish to create such optics. \"How helpful was it for Hillary Clinton, who's so widely seen as untrustworthy, to have her spouse meet with the attorney general while she's under investigation by the Justice Department?","I can't imagine there's one person in America, including in the Clinton campaign, who thinks that was helpful (laughter). But I - look, I think if Bill Clinton had to do it over again he probably wouldn't have walked over to the plane, seeing all the follow-up from the last couple days.","Does it raise a question about what you do with Bill Clinton during the campaign because he is, certainly on the one hand, often called the most talented politician of the modern era. On the other hand, you know, he's got a history of mischief."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implies that Bill Clinton should have known better than to take such an action.","questions":"How would PersonA describe the effect of Bill Clinton's action on Hillary Clinton's trustworthiness?","answer":"Negative"}
{"text":["Right, I mean, this is going to be the very difficult point that they're going to have to get together with his younger brother and figure that out. I mean, this looks much more like it's going to be something about Islamic radicalization, as opposed to Chechen - sort of nationalism.","And I think when this first happened, we've never had Chechens do this in this country, so everybody assumes it has to do with that. What will be interesting is to see if he was radicalized on the Internet, if he was radicalized during trips to Russia - the older brother did travel to Russia reasonably often; the younger brother didn't - and how that evolution came about.","We will want to know if there were contacts there. The Russians - have they been helpful, in the past?Are they likely to be helpful, in this case?","It's unclear. I would suspect that they're likely to be helpful in this case because they've been making a case that Chechens are very dangerous, and that's why they do what they do in Chechnya. But it's. . .","Which is a very hard line of - some would say brutal repression."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Russians might be helpful in this case due to their stance on Chechens being dangerous, although it's not certain","questions":"How might the Russians assist in the case?","answer":"large"}
{"text":["Yeah. And, of course, the child actors and their parents want success, too, don't they?They're ambitious.","They're ambitious. They want what it appears is coming easily to everyone else. I was incredibly lucky. My mother was not a stage parent. The boundaries weren't blurred between her career and mine. There are a lot of parents out there willing to look away to let things happen.","The more heartbreaking one to me - no, it's just a different form of heartbreaking - are the parents who are just ignorant to how this business works. And they can be told something like, oh, we all go out to dinner together. Oh, now it's just me and the boy, or now it's just me and the girl.","Among the sentences in your article that chilled me was this one - sexual predation has been part of the movie business since \"The Great Train Robbery,\" and since then, it has been systematically swept under the rug."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 4) \"B: Every now and then in the family, if we want to gently or comically upbraid each other, we go, (imitating accent) your ganache lacks shine.\" implies that B and their family use the phrase \"your ganache lacks shine\" as a comical way of teasing or joking with each other. The literal meaning is just a description of B's words and actions.     Was this response better or worse? Better Worse Same","questions":"Which phrase does PersonB and their family use as a comical way of teasing or joking with each other?","answer":"Ganache"}
{"text":["That's the unmistakable voice of Faith Evans, known as the first lady of hip hop. At 35 years old, she's been through more than most folks will in their entire life. Faith was raised by her grandparents in a house full of children, foster children, and other relatives. By the age of four, she found her first adoring audience in her church.","By 15, she was climbing out of her bedroom window to go learn how to record and mix music. Three years after that, Faith was a college dropout, a songwriter, a single mother, and a survivor of a brutal and abusive relationship. By 24, she was a successful singer and a widow.","Now, Faith Evans is telling all in her memoir, \"Keep the Faith,\" starting with the death of her estranged husband, the rapper Notorious B. I. G.","Basically, my life was changed in a matter of seconds. I mean, I think that's pretty much how I did sum in up in the intro, I mean, before I even described what I was doing and you know, what he was doing."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : She was able to rise above her difficult circumstances and become a successful artist despite her hardships.","questions":"How did Faith Evans become a successful artist?","answer":"Recorded."}
{"text":["What I'm going to do next time or in the next few months is I'm going to get storm shutters put in my house. We have no plans on moving, though.","With the electricity restored, the whole family is moving back in today.","And how's baby William doing?","He's doing wonderful. He's eating and sleeping like a champ (laughter). And his big sister is loving her new role, so we're very happy."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Baby William and his sister are adjusting well to their new family dynamic","questions":"Which family member is mentioned as adjusting well to the new family dynamic?","answer":"William"}
{"text":["Yes. The big topic, of course, is what he'll say about the president's unfounded claims that Barack Obama wiretapped his phones. He has also accused British intelligence of wiretapping his phones on behalf of Barack Obama. There's been no evidence produced for those claims. The British have pushed back against them strongly. People on the Hill say they have not seen any evidence of this, and Comey will be asked about that first and foremost.","OK.  And over at the Senate, the first hearings for President Trump's nomination for the Supreme Court - what kind of reception is he going to get?","Well, that's going to be the big event of the week. Neil Gorsuch, who has been nominated by Donald Trump, is going to be asked a lot of questions about his views on executive power, about Donald Trump's comments disparaging judges and the entire court system. This is one of Donald Trump's most important early initiatives. The Republicans have 52 votes in the Senate. They say if they have to change the rules so they won't need 60 to confirm him, they will do that. So it's going to be very, very hard for the Democrats to stop him. But this is just the first of many, many judicial vacancies that Donald Trump will have the opportunity to fill because of the age of judges on the bench right now and the number of vacancies.","And something else we're looking at, obviously, is what's happening on Thursday - a much anticipated vote in the House. They're voting on the repeal-and-replace legislation for Obamacare. Does Speaker Ryan have the votes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  A: \"the Republicans have 52 votes in the Senate\" - This statement is not referring to physical votes but rather the number of Republican senators in the Senate who are likely to support the nomination.","questions":"How many votes do the Republicans have in the Senate?","answer":"52"}
{"text":["They asked me to consider that, you know, almost without exception, these are young people in federal facilities who are separated from their families. They're in a strange place. They're dealing with stress and uncertainty every day. They fled poverty. They fled possibly violence in their home countries. And so they desperately need the semblance of a daily routine.","And analogously, if you look at studies done in hospital settings with chronically ill children, when they have access to play, they do better. They heal faster. They have lower levels of stress. And similarly, after natural disasters like Hurricane Harvey, Hurricane Katrina, there started to be interest in the therapeutic benefits of play access.","A very simple thing that Dr.  Cantor told me is that when your brain is being bombarded with stress hormones every day, you actually need to move your body even more than usual so you can get oxygen to your brain. And this oxygenation - it helps buffer potentially long-term damage.","Just in our last 30 seconds, what does the law say here?Could there be legal challenges?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Moving your body more than usual can help buffer long-term damage caused by stress.","questions":"How can oxygenation help prevent long-term damage caused by stress?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Did you hear anything from President Obama or Speaker Boehner that screams deal to you?","As is true of so much of life, the great philosopher Yogi Berra said it best: It's deja vu all over again. This problem is what caused the debt crisis last year, with the president and his supporters saying you have to increase tax rates on the wealthy and the House Republicans saying you cannot raise tax rates on the wealthy and you have to close loopholes. If they don't figure out a way around this, we are going to have the same kind of nail-biting fight that we had last year, which resulted basically in them kicking the can and creating the fiscal cliff.","Yeah. Well, do you see room for compromise there. I mean, if you were carving the pie?","Well, here is the problem. The professor who spoke to Ari just before said that if you close loopholes on the wealthy you would collect more tax revenue. That is true. But if you're serious about closing the deficit, that is not enough. It just isn't. It doesn't create enough revenue. And that's where the Democrats have fundamentally been saying if you don't raise rates, then everything else is pointless, because it'll all be on the margins. And that's the problem."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"Do you see room for compromise there\" - This phrase implies that there is potential for the two sides to come to an agreement.","questions":"What is the problem with closing loopholes on the wealthy according to A?","answer":"Revenue"}
{"text":["Well, I think we're certainly more prepared than we were back in 2016. I think what this did is alerted our agency, as well as election officials across the country, of the dangers and the vulnerabilities that their systems may have with respect to a cyber breach. So I think it's a lesson learned. And I think cybersecurity is something that everybody is taking very seriously, as they should, and are taking steps to prevent future attacks. Many election jurisdictions are in the same position as those in Illinois - with limited funds and a massive problem with respect to maintaining cybersecurity. No system of any type can be completely impregnable. So you're facing those odds to begin with.","Are you getting the help you need?I mean, obviously, states fund this. Should the federal government step in to help?I mean, are they taking it seriously enough?And what is it that you're asking for?","Well, I think they're taking it seriously. We've received assistance from the Department of Homeland Security. With respect to funding, Congress recently appropriated approximately $380 million to the states. Illinois received about $13. 2 million. It's a start, but we feel that cybersecurity is going to be an ongoing thing. So we're hoping that more funds will be forthcoming in the years ahead.","Steve Sandvoss, executive director of the Illinois Board of Elections, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The systems are capable of being penetrated by someone.","questions":"Which lesson did the 2016 incident teach?","answer":"Cybersecurity"}
{"text":["The Census Bureau has been examining that very vigorously. What tends to be a common result is if you use data from retail, you tend to under enumerate those who aren't connected economically. That tends to be poorer people, transient people, children - precisely those that are hard to enumerate in general.","So the world of the future I think we all think is some complicated blend of these organic digital sources with traditional methods. You can't use one or the other. We need to use both. And some of the innovation proposed for the 2020 census actually involves trying to use those data wisely when we can.","Robert Groves - he oversaw the 2010 census and is currently the provost of Georgetown University. Thanks so much for being with us, sir.","It was wonderful talking to you, Scott."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) is a polite way of thanking Robert Groves for joining the show","questions":"How did Scott conclude the conversation with Robert Groves?","answer":"Ended"}
{"text":["And Border Patrol agents are making a lot of trips to the hospital with sick children up and down the Southwest border - nearly 70 kids a day since December, they say. But immigration officials say it's just hard to keep up with the sheer numbers here. It's putting a huge strain on resources, and they're asking Congress for billions of additional dollars to deal with it.","In the meantime, what more have you learned in your reporting about the death of Carlos Hernandez Vasquez?","Well, a couple of things. One thing that really stands out is that Carlos Hernandez Vasquez died in a Border Patrol station. The previous migrant children who died were taken to the hospital first; Hernandez Vasquez was not even though immigration authorities clearly knew that he was sick. He was diagnosed with the flu by a nurse practitioner.","On the same day, Customs and Border Protection moved him to a different Border Patrol station where they could separate him from the other migrants to stop the spread of the flu. Even Health and Human Services officials were concerned about how ill he was. This is the agency that's responsible for long-term care of unaccompanied children. And HHS decided that Hernandez Vasquez could not be flown to a shelter in Florida because of his illness. So in retrospect, critics say it's hard to see why they did not take him to the hospital."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Carlos Hernandez Vasquez was not given proper medical attention.","questions":"What was Carlos Hernandez Vasquez diagnosed with?","answer":"Flu"}
{"text":["And that's despite the fact that medics there say they need more supplies, they don't have what they need.","Well, again, we have a very long and porous border with eastern Congo. So knowing exactly where cases may come across is always a difficult thing to know. But we, the U. S.  government, as well as WHO and other partners, have been working very assiduously with the government of Uganda over the last 11 months while this outbreak has been going on in eastern Congo to help build their capacity. Supplies are always a challenge in terms of supply chain, moving things where they need to go. But we feel fairly comfortable that the ability to respond and respond quickly exists here in Uganda.","You mentioned this long and porous border. So the first case in Uganda was this 5-year-old boy who reportedly went to Congo, got the virus there then came back to Uganda with his grandmother, and they both passed. How are the borders being handled?Is security being stepped up?","Since the outbreak in DRC in August of last year, we have worked, along with other partners, with the government of Uganda, to establish screening along the border posts."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The borders are not secure enough to prevent the virus from spreading","questions":"How are the borders being handled to prevent the spread of the virus?","answer":"Response"}
{"text":["And as we look ahead, these issues are going to be more and more significant, at least that's what the climate scientists tell us. How did it change to get it - make it more of a priority in people's opinions and in politics?","You know, there are various models of social change. One is the - what I call the Pearl Harbor model, where you have an event that changes everything. Sometimes its pressure is gradually building, an awareness building. I call that the Berlin Wall model where things keep building until - in the case of the Berlin Wall, it went down. And sometimes it's difficult to see those tipping points before you reach them. Almost by definition, tipping points are difficult to project and identify.","But my own sense says that we are moving toward a tipping point on the climate issue, and it's going to take a few more droughts like the one in the summer of 2012, an intense heat that greatly reduced the U. S.  grain harvest. I think it reduced the corn harvest by close to 30 percent. Or storms unlike anything we've seen before. And then we'll begin to, at some point, realize that climate change is for real. That it's dangerous and it's costly and we need to be doing something about it.","Yet, you'd like to think that we could arrive at these kinds of decisions on a rational basis. Don't need a tremendous crisis to focus our attention."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Climate change is a significant issue in people's opinions and politics","questions":"What do climate scientists say about the significance of climate change in people's opinions and politics?","answer":"Significant"}
{"text":["There are some states out there, for example Oregon and Maine, which currently don't have sales taxes throughout the year. Is there anything that you can potentially learn from states that have been doing this for a while?","What we are looking at are states that have had sales - state sales tax holidays. As you may know, there are 17 states plus the District of Columbia that currently have sales tax holidays during the year. And the experience of our retail members with those holidays is that they're very attractive to people. They really do bring people into the stores. It's an exciting time.","You can say, well gee, if the average state sales tax is five, six percent, why would that drive consumers to come into the stores more than a sale advertised at 15 or 20 percent. And it's an interesting psychological phenomenon, but it does seem to drive more traffic. It may be because people just don't like to pay taxes, and they're very excited when there's a period where they won't have to pay taxes to the government.","Rachelle Bernstein is with the National Retail Federation. Thank you, Rachelle."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : very attractive to people in this context means that they like a policy a lot","questions":"How would you describe the experience of retail members with state sales tax holidays?","answer":"Attractive"}
{"text":["Oh. . .",". . . equivalent to a nuclear bomb?","Well, it's about - its equivalent - the energy in that explosion is about 10 times the energy in the first atomic bomb. . .","Uh-huh."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The energy released in the explosion is incredibly powerful.","questions":"What is the comparison made by A?","answer":"10"}
{"text":["We're hoping that this research kind of paves the way to looking at novel high-speed adhesives. So how do you grab things - difficult things - very, very quickly?And so, like, if you were to grab something that's dusty, like a brick, or furry, duct tape's not going to be able to stick to either of those things. You know, you're going to have to use something like claws or grabbing mechanisms. But we think that with this new type of thick, viscous fluid coating a very soft substrate, that it will be able to grab oddly textured things very quickly. So in my mind, I'm dreaming of a - like, a frog tongue attached to a drone, and the drone can fly around and pick up packages really quickly and fly away.","Do you mind me asking - after a day in the lab - I'm just guessing- do you just want to go home and fast?I mean, it must be difficult to eat anything.","(Laughter) There are times that - especially in the beginning - where I had the smell of frog in my nose for at least an hour, and I couldn't eat anything. But by the end of the study, I'd been - you know, I was eating frog legs every week - part of the study.","Oh, no. Seriously?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies disbelief or shock at A's response in the previous turn.","questions":"Which turn implies shock or disbelief at PersonA's response?","answer":"Previous"}
{"text":["You know what, they provide me with so much more than just shoes and things. They have an entire family atmosphere at the Jordon brand. I'm the first woman of the Jordan brand. And they've been very helpful and instrumental and supportive in things that I've been able to do in terms of going out and giving away shoes, donating shoes and donating equipment to other people. And I donated some to a team down North Carolina, a basketball team down north Carolina. And I'm actually in the process of starting an essay contest for people with physical disabilities. And the winners, we're going to give out a hundred pair of Jordan sneakers. So we've done a lot of things in the community in terms of speaking engagements, in terms of both promoting my community efforts and for them to be able to outreach into another aspect of the community in the disabled community.","You're in the 100, 200, 400 meters. Those are short races. What are your competitors like?And do you guys have any camaraderie?You're competitors for a while, but do you guys talk?Do you guys compare stories?","It's funny, because I hold the world record in the 100, 200 and 400 meters. And so I think a lot of times people hope that I don't show up.","So that can be very interesting. But I mean I try - I look at it like one of these days will come and I'll have to hang my spikes up. So I try to as much as possible impart as much wisdom as I can to, you know, to my fellow competitors."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"people hope that I don't show up\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that people do not want the speaker to arrive at a specific location. However, in this context, it refers to competitors hoping that the speaker (who holds the world record in the 100, 200, and 400 meters) does not compete in races, as it reduces their chances of winning.","questions":"How do competitors feel about the PersonA's participation in races?","answer":"Threatened"}
{"text":["But the technical. . .","Let me just jump in. When you say GDP, that's the Gross Domestic Product?","Exactly. So when you see growth going down, you see yourself in a recession. And it's, you know, it's Standard English, frankly. It's not rocket science, but the fact is that the macro numbers, Farai, belie what the micro reality is for so many people.","We've been seeing lay off numbers for over two years. We've seen a 5. 2 percent unemployment rate. All of those things combine to speak to, at least, economic hard times. But the technical definition of a recession is that you have two quarters of GDP going down. Now let's look at the next quarter because right now we don't have that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The technical definition of a recession doesn't accurately reflect the economic hardship experienced by many people.","questions":"How do macro numbers contradict the micro reality for many people?","answer":"Contradict"}
{"text":["From the studios of NPR West, this is Day to Day. I'm Alex Cohen. Scrapping the car czar. President Obama has chosen not to appoint one person to oversee the restructuring of the troubled auto industry. For more on why the president is switching gears we're joined now by Justin Hyde of the Detroit Free Press. And Justin, why did President Obama decide to get rid of this car czar position?","Well, it's becoming clear that the auto industry is probably going to have too many problems for just one person to handle. GM and Chrysler are going to be submitting plans to the administration tomorrow to explain how they deserve the 17. 4 billion that the government has lent them and whether they might be able to receive even more aid in the future.","The Obama administration has several very tough questions to answer about the future of this industry and hundreds of thousands of jobs that are tied into it. It's just going to take more work than one person can give.","So in lieu of a car czar, there will be this Presidential Task Force on Autos. Who will be heading up that group?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Who will be heading up that group\" means who is going to be the leader of that group.","questions":"Which group?","answer":"Task"}
{"text":["Yes, they are in re-settlement areas. For example, in Mozambique you have 258,000 people, 90,000 of whom have been displaced over the past month or so. In Malawi you already have 700 cholera cases that have been reported. You have about 152,000 people who have been affected. So they are moving away from their home areas into re-settlement camps.","Let's move to Kenya in the east of Africa. The talks between President Kibaki and opposition leader Raila Odinga continue today outside of Nairobi and the negotiations are being mediated by former U. N.  Secretary General Kofi Annan. Since the post-election violence began in late December, more than 1,000 people have been killed and hundreds of thousands have been displaced. There are also reports of a wave of sexual violence against women who've been displaced by this turmoil. So Cassandra, what's going on here?","Since the violence after the disputed elections on December 27th, we're seeing that this situation has put women and girls at great risk of sexual assault. We know that always in situations of conflict women and girls are in danger. And in Kenya it is no different. We are hearing reports from Nairobi, from the Nairobi general hospital, that there may be as many as double the number of cases of rape within the days following the eruption of the violence.","And what we know is that for every case that is being treated or is being reported, there are many more victims who fail to seek help."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"many more victims who fail to seek help\" is a figurative expression, meaning that there are many more victims who do not report or seek help for their situation, and not a literal reference to victims physically failing to seek help.","questions":"Which expression in turn 3 is figurative?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["They are the best kids in the world. You know, I'm really lazy, so I get up at seven, wake them up, and then go back to sleep for a half hour before I have to wrestle them school. And Chet snuck into my bed and just said, I'm not - you know, just daddy hug me, you know, at six still. And so I spent a half hour just hugging him. So the rest of my day was great because of that.","And Eva thinks that I'm, you know, like The Beatles rolled into one. It's amazing.","Yeah, yeah. What do you think has changed for them as kids from having a single father as opposed to a single mother or as opposed to a couple?How do you think it might have changed their lives?","That's a hard thing to figure out because, you know, when my ex-wife moved out, Chet was only about eight months old, and she moved down the street. So she still was in their life, but I've always been, you know, the primary person for both of them. So it's really the only thing they know."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : When A says, \"And Eva thinks that I'm, you know, like The Beatles rolled into one. It's amazing.\" The literal meaning is that Eva thinks that A is similar to The Beatles in some way. However, the intended meaning is that Eva holds a very high opinion of A.","questions":"How does Eva view A?","answer":"Amazing"}
{"text":["The investigations into the fatal Lion Air and Ethiopian Airlines crashes have revealed troubling details about safety. For example, Boeing was charging extra for a safety feature - one that might've helped the pilots in those flights. Boeing says it will now make that feature standard. We wondered whether the same could be true of safety features in cars.","Some new cars have features to avoid collisions or stay in a lane. Depending on the make and model, features like those could come standard or cost extra. David Friedman was acting administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and he's now on the policy side of Consumer Reports. Welcome to the studio.","Thanks a lot for having me, Ari.","Let's start by talking about a feature called automatic emergency braking. I understand this is a technology that has been really widely adopted, largely because of a voluntary agreement where automakers said they'll make it standard by 2022. What does this do?How important is it?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Let's start by talking about a feature called automatic emergency braking.\"","questions":"What feature does PersonB want to talk about?","answer":"Automatic"}
{"text":["When we had a transfer of presidencies in this country, when Barack Obama came in four years ago and George W.  Bush got aboard the helicopter and left town, well, George W.  Bush has pretty vanished from the American political leadership. He wrote a book, did pretty well with that. I gather he gives some speeches, but he plays no great part in the American political system. Bill Clinton has been playing a little bit more in this election.","But in the meantime, Mr.  Hu Jintao on his way out - really, on the way out?He will be a member of the Standing Committee. He's not going to be president. He's not going to be chairman of the party anymore, but?","He still may have a pretty strong role in the military. There's also the former president of China, who I covered back in the '90s, named Jiang Zemin who's from Shanghai. He has been front and center at the Party Congress. He's been out and about. He's in his mid-80s. He's playing role in terms of lining up who's going to take over. There's a lot of horse trading, but it's very, very opaque. And the average Chinese person really doesn't have any sense of where it's heading.","So you're getting this new generation of younger leaders, but the gerontocracy, the old leaders, behind the scenes, they're still playing a role."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Although there is a new generation of younger leaders, the older leaders still play a role behind the scenes.","questions":"How are the older leaders involved in the Chinese political system?","answer":"role"}
{"text":["And as we look ahead, these issues are going to be more and more significant, at least that's what the climate scientists tell us. How did it change to get it - make it more of a priority in people's opinions and in politics?","You know, there are various models of social change. One is the - what I call the Pearl Harbor model, where you have an event that changes everything. Sometimes its pressure is gradually building, an awareness building. I call that the Berlin Wall model where things keep building until - in the case of the Berlin Wall, it went down. And sometimes it's difficult to see those tipping points before you reach them. Almost by definition, tipping points are difficult to project and identify.","But my own sense says that we are moving toward a tipping point on the climate issue, and it's going to take a few more droughts like the one in the summer of 2012, an intense heat that greatly reduced the U. S.  grain harvest. I think it reduced the corn harvest by close to 30 percent. Or storms unlike anything we've seen before. And then we'll begin to, at some point, realize that climate change is for real. That it's dangerous and it's costly and we need to be doing something about it.","Yet, you'd like to think that we could arrive at these kinds of decisions on a rational basis. Don't need a tremendous crisis to focus our attention."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Climate change is real, dangerous, and costly. We need to take action.","questions":"How would you describe the climate change issue?","answer":"Real"}
{"text":["The likelihood that the law was going to get struck down was one of the factors that contributed to the council's decision to repeal it. But there were also many groups that came together to push for the repeal.","Mr.  Muchmore, I'm told you also have a laundromat in your bar.","I do have a small laundromat in the back. It's a New Orleans thing. I grew up in New Orleans, and there a lot of the bars have laundries so that while you're doing your laundry, you can have a beer or a coffee and get to know your neighbors.","How are you going to celebrate?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) The council's decision to repeal the law was influenced by several factors, one of which was the likelihood that the law would be deemed unconstitutional and struck down. Additionally, there were various groups advocating for the repeal of the law.","questions":"How was the council's decision influenced?","answer":"Unconstitutional"}
{"text":["Absolutely not. In fact, the people of my state should know we are doing everything in our power to defend them. If it comes to a legal fight with the Trump administration, we're prepared to have it. I've had some experience with taking on the Trump administration litigation. We have yet to lose a case yet, and I don't plan on starting with this issue.","Attorney General Bob Ferguson of Washington state, thanks so much.","Oh, thank you, Scott. Have a great day.","And we contacted the Department of Justice for comment on Mr.  Ferguson's remarks about Attorney General Sessions. We have yet to receive a response."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The literal meaning of turn (2) is the speaker thanking the person who introduced him, but the implied meaning is just a polite expression to acknowledge the introduction. (3) The literal meaning of turn (3) is the speaker thanking the other person, but the implied meaning is just a polite expression to end the conversation.","questions":"Which turn is a polite expression used to acknowledge the introduction, despite its literal meaning being a thank you?","answer":"Acknowledged"}
{"text":["Well, he sounds like a very ambitious entrepreneur.","I think they are, you know. I think the appeal of it, obviously, for entrepreneurs - this drop shipping model - is that it takes almost nothing upfront. You don't need money to buy the stuff. The tools online are very inexpensive, and it's this possibility that these entrepreneurs can get something for nothing - right?- that they can generate money basically out of thin air.","And not to make any comparisons, but I seem to recall that there was a time when J. Crew was a catalog retailer - didn't have any real stores. And now, of course, they've got plenty of them in addition to a very ambitious online retail site.","Absolutely. The way that I've thought about these Shopify stores is they're undoubtedly strange because they're new, but their model is fundamentally not that different from, like, a big corporate enterprise. It's just that the tools have democratized the ability for people to tap into the globalized economy. And so before, it took the idea of having a supply chain and having all these people who would know factory owners in China and all these other kinds of things - that took a lot of infrastructure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"it takes almost nothing upfront\" and \"they can generate money basically out of thin air\" - Literal meaning: The speaker is referring to the low cost and ease of starting a dropshipping business online. Actual meaning: These phrases are used figuratively to emphasize how easy it is to start a business without significant upfront costs or physical inventory.","questions":"What is emphasized figuratively in the statement?","answer":"Ease"}
{"text":["Stocks in two major computer chip companies - Qualcomm and Broadcom, two major ones - were down 6% today. Google dropped 2%. And this was after Google said it would stop supporting Android devices for phones made by Huawei because the company was on the Commerce Department's blacklist. Google is a major software provider for Huawei. And if these restrictions went on for months, Google could take a beating.","Correct me if I'm wrong here, Jackie, but didn't the U. S.  back off last year in a somewhat similar way shortly after blacklisting another Chinese telecom company?","That's right. It was a company called ZTE, and they were on the blacklist. And it went on for a while. And they were on the verge of bankruptcy. And this is a major Chinese corporation - almost went bust until the Trump administration reversed that decision and allowed U. S.  companies to supply it again. So it's the same sort of scenario. But, Mary Louise, the Trump administration has been tightening the screws on Huawei for months now in part because it has links to the Chinese government.","And U. S.  intelligence agencies believe Huawei could use its equipment to spy on the U. S.  and its allies. The administration asked Canada to arrest and extradite one of Huawei's senior officials. And administration officials have been fanning out across the world asking allies, pressuring allies not to use Huawei equipment. So up until now, it's been a full-court press by the administration to contain the company."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Trump administration is actively trying to limit the use of Huawei equipment by its allies.","questions":"Which major Chinese corporation almost went bankrupt due to being blacklisted by the US, but was allowed to be supplied again after the Trump administration's decision was reversed?","answer":"ZTE"}
{"text":["Well, I think that where journalists and correspondents tend to stray into trouble is when they use metaphor. For instance, using words like blank slate. They tend to sort of overlook the fact that there are more than 600,000 people still living here.","Yeah, that's a pretty crowded slate. What about when you see a phrase like urban settlers?","Well, that sets off all kinds of unpleasant associations. You're talking about the process of colonization in a metaphoric sense. And typically, the people who are colonized tend to see their culture and their land and, you know, their identity despoiled.","Putting Detroit on the map."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Putting Detroit on the map\" implies that through the journalist's work, Detroit is becoming well known.","questions":"How is Detroit being impacted by the journalist's work?","answer":"Despoiled"}
{"text":["Yeah.","So trains stopped running. Water supplies were disrupted. Gas stations couldn't pump gas, so there were long lines at those stations that could. Phones and the Internet were disrupted. It happened on a day in Argentina - in parts of Argentina, where there were gubernatorial elections. These actually still went ahead, but people had to use their cellphones. . .","Wow.",". . . To give themselves enough light to vote by. And it also happened on Father's Day, when people were hoping to go out for Sunday lunch but had to cancel because, you know, restaurants and businesses were shut. It took all day to get the lights completely back on; they are now back on. But people have a lot of questions about what precisely happened and what's going on in the region."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The power outage caused chaos and inconvenience to people's lives.","questions":"What was disrupted during the power outage?","answer":"Trains"}
{"text":["I think, it means, that the voters, or the people being polled as voters, don't take their cues from the media, which is not really hard to believe. I think most people absorb a certain amount of media information that they choose from certain sources of media information. They generally tend to go to ones that they find simpatico. They may agree or not agree with a lot of what they hear, but they make up their own minds, and they make up their minds on the basis of things that were in their minds before they went to the media.","Well, Ron. Thanks so much.","My pleasure, Farai.","Ron Elving is NPR's senior Washington editor. He joined us from NPR's headquarters in Washington, D. C."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People make their own decisions when it comes to voting and are not influenced by the media as much as one might think.","questions":"Which decisions are not influenced by the media according to the statement?","answer":"Media"}
{"text":["Philippines armed forces pounded militant positions again on Saturday, the fifth-straight day of fighting between government forces and ISIS-linked fighters who have occupied parts of the city of Marawi on the island of Mindanao. A military spokesman says that at least 40 militants have been killed since the fighting began, and at least 13 soldiers have died. We're joined now from Mindanao by Michael Sullivan.","Michael, thanks so much for being with us.","You're welcome, Scott.","You're just back from Marawi. What did you see?","Scott, I saw a ghost town, really. I mean, it was eerie. It's a city of more than 200,000 people. But it just looked as if someone had suddenly just snatched them all away, just plucked them from the street. The only people we saw in the city proper were heavily armed Philippine soldiers trying to flush out militant snipers. And you could hear intermittent gunfire on the streets approaching that part of the city that the militants still control."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"You're welcome, Scott\" - This is an expression of gratitude and respect, not an acknowledgement that Scott has granted permission. ","questions":"What was the reason for Michael's recent visit to Marawi?","answer":"Visit"}
{"text":["Well, not necessarily the DNA. But the DNA is decorated with. . .","Right.",". . . chemical tags. And these are methyl groups, or carbon groups that can be added, or they can disappear to the DNA. And this modifies the way other proteins can interact with the DNA and transmit signals to lead the changes in protein production.","Which is - and which is how your muscles grow if you're exercising."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that exercising leads to muscle growth. The actual meaning is that the modification of DNA through the addition or removal of methyl groups is one mechanism through which gene expression changes, leading to physiological changes such as muscle growth in response to exercise.","questions":"Which mechanism modifies the way other proteins interact with DNA?","answer":"Methylation"}
{"text":["Yeah. I think a big local newspaper, you know, was kind of like the big local sports team. There's always been hostility toward the big, local paper but I think there was a certain amount of pride in it. And this is our paper. We are a big-time city. I think the Herald spoke more for the community and reflected the community better than any other institution down here could. And now there is no institution to replace that, unless, you know, you talk about sports team or something like that. And I think that's true of many, many cities now.","We talk so much about newspapers. Is journalism going to survive?Has that become DIY?Is this an opportunity for novelists to step in?","You know, novelists have been trying to step in for hundreds of years. And I think the same forces that are sort of working against newspapers probably are also working, to some extent, against books. I just, I don't know. It just feels like everything happens so fast now and everybody, you know, goes on to the next subject so quickly now. Books seem a little archaic, except as entertainment and, you know, as an escape from policy and that sort of thing.","Dave Barry. His new novel, \"Insane City. \"Speaking with us, of course, from Miami. Dave, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In turn (1), the speaker implies that the big local newspaper was a point of pride and reflection for the community, despite the hostility towards it.","questions":"How did the big local newspaper reflect the community?","answer":"Pride"}
{"text":["ou're also seeing some extreme moves by companies like Advantage Consultants who basically say, hey, we can supply you, Mr.  and Ms. Candidate, with an army-full of bloggers ready to get your campaign out on the blogosphere 24\/7. It's just - it's like the wild, wild West right now on the Internet.","Is that - I mean, of course, all fair - all is fair in love, war and politics. But is that cheating in a way, you know, blogs were created initially as if, like, I'm just going to express what's in my heart. And now, it sounds as if what you're saying is that there is a lot of people who are saying, I'm going to create the appearance that people are speaking from their heart.","Yeah, and, you know - and this is - gets into astroturfing and a whole bunch of other terminology behind what's the real message of these types of Web sites. You're right. The organic nature of a blog was to be something that was transparent, that wasn't agenda-driven. And obviously, when you start looking at politics and campaigns, it's agenda-driven. So now, they're looking at these tools being PR machines, more than this transparent, here-is-a-look-into-my-life type of outlet that it used to be.","Speaking of transparency, there is some information that campaigns don't always give out, like where their money is coming from. And tell me about OpenSecrets."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"express what's in my heart\" is a figurative expression that means to express one's true and honest feelings.","questions":"Which phrase means to express one's true and honest feelings?","answer":"Honesty"}
{"text":["Tell me about some of the climate change initiatives that you've enacted there in Carmel.","First of all, we're trying to - taking a car city, a city that was designed for cars, and turning it into a walkable city so that the average driver is in his car maybe a few minutes a day as opposed to U. S.  average of two hours or a hundred miles. We've switched out almost all of our street lights to LEDs, getting a great return on investment as well. We've created over a thousand acres of parkland. We have a street tree program. I did an executive order almost 12 years ago requiring all of our fleet vehicles to be hybrids or alternative fuel vehicles. We're experimenting with hydrogen trucks for our street department. I can go on, but we're doing a lot of things in our city.","How do you engage with climate skeptics or climate change deniers in Carmel?What do you tell them?","Well, I say there's lots of different ways to get to the same endpoint. I talk about our LED street light replacement program, where we spend almost a million dollars to replace all our streetlights. And they say, why'd you spend that money?I say, well, we're getting a 22 percent return on investment annually in the lower electricity costs. That usually makes them happy. Or if we talk about jobs or we talk about national defense and not being dependent upon other countries for fossil fuels that we might need in a war or other conflict - there are so many other reasons, job creation being one of them that gets us to the same endpoint."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"taking a car city, a city that was designed for cars, and turning it into a walkable city\" This turn has a metaphorical meaning. It does not refer to physically turning a city but rather transforming the urban infrastructure and policies to make it more pedestrian-friendly.","questions":"How is Carmel working towards making the city more pedestrian-friendly?","answer":"Walkable"}
{"text":["\"VIC\" (Member, Overeaters Anonymous): Hi.","Vic, I want to start with you, and I want to be very specific. Give me an example of a day when you completely lost control over your eating.","\"VIC\": It wasn't a day. It was the day before (Laughing) and that day and the next day. But anyway - OK, so I wake up in the morning, totally hung over. Dr.  Lerner - Marty - described very well, you know, having lost control. So, I wake up, I feel terrible, and the last thing I want to do, I think in my rational brain, is eat because I feel so bad. And yet, I know that if I take one bite of anything, I'll be off and running. And I'm scared. I'm really scared.","Let me just ask one thing. When you say hung over, do you mean hung over from overeating or hung\u2026"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B wants to know about VIC's loss of control over eating","questions":"Which member of the group did PersonB address in the beginning?","answer":"Vic"}
{"text":["Well, I think a lot of us have become inert to that. Certainly, we have problems in spades. And for any journalist who wants to come to the city and write about its resurgence, which is taking place in pockets in the city, they do well not to generalize because it shows that you're turning a blind eye to the people who've struggled the hardest to stay here.","Michael Jackman is managing editor of the Detroit Metro Times. Thanks so much for being with us.","It's my pleasure.","This is NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implied meaning of the first turn is that people have become apathetic to the problems facing the city and are not taking action.","questions":"What is the attitude of people towards the problems facing the city?","answer":"Apathetic"}
{"text":["Well, no. There is no sign of that yet. They cannot do everything the Trump administration wants because, as we've discussed before, we are asking for structural changes that are at the core of the Chinese Communist Party's governance of China. So they - no, they cannot do that.","And they're entering, remember, a very sensitive political season. You've got the 30th anniversary of the Tiananmen Massacre coming up. They need to look strong. Xi Jinping puts himself forward as sort of the all-knowing, all-powerful leader of China. And he has to seem that it - to be defending the interest of the Chinese people.","So what are the risks to the United States, if continuing to raise tariffs, if it doesn't push China to make a deal?","Well, all of these tariffs cost the American people. President Trump repeatedly says that China is simply transferring money to American coffers. But there are numerous academic studies which indicate that these costs are being borne by the American importers and increasingly by American consumers.","And China is going to be very careful when it retaliates to target consumers in sectors in the United States that are supportive of President Trump. They've already done this in targeting soybeans. They're very deft politically, and that's what they'll continue to do. So they are going to make him politically pay a price. And American consumers will pay as well."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Xi Jinping needs to appear strong and defend the interest of the Chinese people during the sensitive political season","questions":"How does Xi Jinping need to appear during the sensitive political season?","answer":"Strong"}
{"text":["I think the crash of the stock market, along with a shooting war in Iraq and a shooting war in Afghanistan made wonkiness less toxic and less unappealing. The Democrats would always field these sort of wonky smartypants candidates. And. . .","Michael Dukakis and John Kerry.","Michael Dukakis and John Kerry, you know, Al Gore, and they were clearly knowledgeable. But the Republicans would always say, yeah, but you wouldn't want to have a beer with them. They don't understand you. They don't understand the American people. And even though our candidate - George W.  Bush comes to mind - may not be an intellectual powerhouse, he understands real people.","And, in fact, there has been in American politics for a long time - you can go all the way back to Adlai Stevenson in the '50s is a prime example - an anti-intellectual fear in American politics, that intellectuals really didn't get it, and they shouldn't be put in high office. But the relative wonkiness of Obama and Joe Biden seemed more appealing to the relative unwonkiness of John McCain and especially Sarah Palin. And I think that helped removed the taint, really, of being smart."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Obama and Biden's intelligence was more appealing to voters than McCain and Palin's lack thereof.","questions":"What made Obama and Biden more appealing to voters compared to McCain and Palin?","answer":"intelligence"}
{"text":["Yes. I mean, this piece - I mean not only me played I think every piano student started with this piece. But actually, this piece is not just a ringtone, you know?This piece is a real beautiful, masterful piece.","Now, just listen to two different ways that Lang Lang showed us you can play that familiar melody. The first time, he's going to hit all the right notes. But the second time, his fingers will tell a story.","Because you can just put your hands, you know (playing piano).","It's quite easy, you know?But it's very hard to make (playing piano)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B's statement \"his fingers will tell a story\" is a metaphorical expression that means Lang Lang will add his personal interpretation to the melody, giving it a unique and expressive character. It's not meant to be taken literally that Lang Lang's fingers will actually tell a story. The other turns appear to be conveying their literal meanings. Turn 1 expresses the speaker's belief that the piece they are discussing is not only well-known but also a beautiful and masterful composition. Turn 3 is a straightforward statement that playing the piano involves using your hands. Turn 4 means that while the mechanics of playing piano may be relatively easy to learn, it's difficult to master the instrument and create beautiful music.","questions":"Which expression did PersonB use to describe Lang Lang's playing of the melody?","answer":"Tell"}
{"text":["You know, let's come back to the Large Hadron Collider because if you talk about things, if you talk about this theme, there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the other one that you know well is the prediction from string theory and similar theories that there are extra dimensions. And one of the ways to look for things like extra dimensions or shadow universes is to look for the leakage of material from our universe into their universe.","And let me use the LHC. One way to look for evidence of extra dimensions would be to carefully look at collisions that take place at the Large Hadron Collider and look for some of the energy to disappear. And what's interesting about that technique is when I put there's - when I say there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the top of my list would be neutrinos, and we now know neutrinos exist. We can't see them with the eye, but we can build detectors to detect them. And the original evidence for the neutrino was missing energy in beta decays that were observed in the early part of the last century and then poly-hypothesize this particle, the neutrino. And eventually, we built detectors that were sensitive enough. So this technique of looking for energy leaking out of our universe going elsewhere is a very powerful technique for looking for things that we can't see.","Michael Turner, a pleasure as always to come have you come on and explain this stuff to us. Thanks a lot, Michael.","Glad to be on."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the literal and actual meanings are the same. The speakers are simply exchanging pleasantries and expressing gratitude for the conversation","questions":"Which technique does Michael Turner mention in turn 1 for looking for extra dimensions at the Large Hadron Collider?","answer":"Leakage"}
{"text":["When I get into the personal material, I'm really thinking about what it means to transition from states of longing to states of having and dwelling and inhabiting. I'm really trying to examine, OK, what is it like to have things, to have relationships, to have people close by, and how is that state of having introduce a whole different set of complexities than states of longing?","There's also a tension that you draw out within yourself. You tell the story of your pregnancy, while at the same time telling the story of how you were diagnosed with an eating disorder in college. And I wonder if you could read just a bit of that section.","Yeah.","(Reading) Pregnancy wasn't a liberation from prior selves so much as a container holding every prior version of myself at once. I didn't get to shed my ghosts so fully. It was easy to call my doctor absurd when she'd chided me for gaining 5 pounds in a month rather than 4 and harder to admit that I'd honestly felt shamed by her in that moment. It was harder to admit the part of me that felt a secret thrill every time a doctor registered concern that I was, quote, \"measuring small. \"This pride was something I'd wanted desperately to leave behind. I worried that it was impeding your growth, which was really just the distillation of a deeper fear - that I would infect you with my own broken relationship to my body, that you would catch it like a dark inheritance."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : a tension you draw out within yourself means that the writer likes to use tension really effectively in writing.","questions":"What was the doctor's concern about PersonA's weight gain during pregnancy?","answer":"5pounds."}
{"text":["Well, it's true. There was a disaster of my own making at the National Book Awards. In my capacity as emcee, when Jacqueline Woodson won the National Book Award for children's literature, which was a wonderful moment for everyone, but certainly also for me, Jackie is a friend of mine. So after her win, I told a story about her and me. And the story did not go out well and many, many people were very upset by it, and rightfully so.","Yeah. It certainly made me react a little differently when I was reading this book. One of the first signs we get that Errol, the pirate captain, has lost his ability to track is that he falls into racist jokes.","Anyone who's had someone with dementia knows that terrible things often begin to come out of their mouths, which is shocking and mysterious and, of course, very upsetting and hurtful for their families.","Yeah. I think anyone reading this book would decide - not giving anything away - maybe being a pirate isn't the good idea that I thought it was.","It was - if I can convey one message to the people of the world, it's don't try piracy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) B's statement implies that the racist jokes made by the pirate captain in the book were a red flag that something was wrong with him and that being a pirate is not as glamorous as it may seem, rather than simply reacting differently to the story. The actual meaning is that the reader's perception of the pirate captain changes as they learn more about him.","questions":"What was one of the first signs that Errol had lost his ability to track in the book?","answer":"Jokes"}
{"text":["No. And the thing is that this book, to me, it was very important that it's not just a bunch of recipes put in a nice book. It's also really a document of food culture. And I think that out of those 700 or something recipes that are in the book, there are probably at least 50 of them that I doubt that anyone is actually going to cook. But they're still really important because they explain something about food culture, you know.","Yeah. And, I mean, I'm just guessing - blood pancakes with smoked reindeer fat makes the point that the Sami people, living in arduous circumstances, have to make use of every part of the reindeer.","It does, you know. It tells that story in a really, really clear and very good way.","If we were to say - chef, could you make us one recipe from this book, what might you try?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The book contains more than just recipes - it is also a way to gain insight into and appreciate the culture and history of the cuisine.","questions":"Which recipe demonstrates the Sami people's use of every part of the reindeer?","answer":"Blood"}
{"text":["Well, I needed to write about this in the same way I needed to write about the St.  Paul's School experience. It changed my life. It turned it upside down. There was so much love inside. It's like a Scotch egg, you know, with love under this crust of confusion and rage and mistakes. And my only way to understand that is to write it.","How'd you come up with ladysitting (ph)?I love it.","That was the word we used in our house for staying with Nana. My grandmother would sometimes say, I guess you have to get somebody to babysit me. We'd say, no, no, Nana. We're going to get somebody to ladysit you. And it was sort of the way we could acknowledge - like, you had to acknowledge her vulnerability but not in a way that was hurtful or made her feel even more vulnerable.","Well, it's an elegant solution to that. That's kind of what the book is about - is how. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A life can not literally be turned upside down. The implied meaning is that the life is greatly disrupted.","questions":"How was PersonA's life changed?","answer":"School"}
{"text":["Andrew, Ivan Golunov has been a vocal critic of the Russian government. But his arrest is, apparently, unusual.","Right. Yeah, I do think it's unusual. You know, when - attacks on journalists do happen in Russia and, you know, journalists have been beaten. They've been killed for their reporting in certain cases. But the idea that drugs would be planted on a journalist, that's a more unusual case here. It leaves sort of very little daylight between the journalist's reporting and kind of direct pressure being put on him by the government. So to be honest, I've been here for eight years, and I can't remember a case similar to this one. And I think that that in particular is what made people so angry about what's going on.","There wasn't even a requirement to sort of exact violence against him, but this idea that if Ivan can have drugs planted on him while he's walking through Moscow then literally anybody could have drugs planted on him, as well. And I think that that's what made people so nervous about the case, specifically among journalists, and that's why we've seen such a backlash.","Andrew Roth is Moscow bureau chief for The Guardian."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The backlash means that people are complaining about the situation.","questions":"What does the backlash indicate?","answer":"complaining"}
{"text":["Because presidents that are about to be removed from office see the writing on the wall. Richard Nixon had a very good sense of his waning support in the Senate. And when he saw it collapse, he realized that if he hung on, he would be removed, and he would lose his presidential pension.","Interesting. So one of the complaints that President Trump is making and that his supporters are making is that this is a purely partisan process. Has that complaint been made before?Is that what people normally say?Or is there something about this particular circumstance that's different?","The reason that impeachment was kept on the shelf for over a hundred years after the Johnson impeachment process was that it was viewed by all sides in the American political community as highly partisan. But it doesn't always have to be the case. And in the Nixon era - a period when I think we saw a model impeachment process - the democratic leadership bent over backwards to make the process as bipartisan as possible.","We keep hearing all kinds of comments from - particularly from former Republican members about what members of their caucus say privately. But there's no way to know how to evaluate that. We do know that publicly, the Republicans are insisting that this is partisan. The Democrats are insisting that no, it isn't. It's a constitutional matter. Do you see from where you sit a way to bridge this difference of perspective?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Nixon saw his support leave him and realized that if stayed president he would lose money.","questions":"What did Nixon realize he would lose if he hung on as president?","answer":"Pension"}
{"text":["Part of it was that in four years, there are some voters who believe he was tone deaf, too arrogant, too bossy, not collaborative. But you're right - he raised $30 million over the last four years. The president came in and gave him what everyone called a bro hug, and all of the newspapers endorsed him, including The Chicago Defender. . .","Yeah.",". . . The African-American newspaper. And none of it worked.","Only 34 percent of the voters went to the polls this week. Isn't that usually the kind of election in which a well-financed campaign with a good ground campaign is supposed to win?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone, emphasis, or inflection may convey emotional or personal attitudes or opinions, even if the literal meaning of their words does not explicitly express these feelings.","questions":"What was the PersonA's emotional or personal attitude conveyed in their words?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["So is a bagel just a bialy with a hole in the middle?","It's very different, and the origins of the bagel are somewhat mysterious. There's a lot of folklore around it and variable legends about how the bagel came to exist. But I have decided that we will never know.","Well, it's one of the great mysteries of life, think of it that way. What made the bagel leap from being just kind of New York street food, you know, or maybe Sunday brunch food, across the country?","So it was really, I think, the Lenders brothers, and Lender's bagels are what I grew up in. I grew up outside of Detroit, Michigan, and I thought they were the greatest thing ever. Like you would get six of them in a little plastic tube. And now, like when I think, the taste was awful, but they were early adopters of refrigeration technology."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is suggesting that the popularity of the bagel is a great mystery.","questions":"Which word describes how the origins of the bagel are viewed?","answer":"Great"}
{"text":["Yeah.","You've got the whole thing. You've got all of that.","(Laughter).","What - do you feel like there's some message in your story, perhaps, for other people who feel unloved by this country right now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : you've got the whole thing likely means that they have everything needed to succeed. ","questions":"How does turn 1 imply success?","answer":"Success"}
{"text":["And so these two ally's ships were absolutely overmatched. Rooks did not try to avoid the battle; he offered himself to it. And in the end these two allied ships were absolutely overwhelmed by the power that fell upon them - Japanese torpedoes and shells, hitting them left and right. The Houston was finally hit by four torpedoes, which opened up her hull to the sea and the ship slowly began to settle in about 140 feet of water to the site of the wreck that the Navy's exploring today.","And could you tell us, please, about the ship's chaplain because he won the Navy Cross.","He did. Commander George Rentz was the oldest man on the ship. He was 59 years old on the night the Houston was sunk. He was clinging to a pontoon that belonged to one of the Houston's floatplanes. This pontoon was riddled by shrapnel, was taken on water, but it was literally a life raft for about a dozen or more Houston sailors.","He said to the sailors who were with him, he said, you men are young. I've lived the major part of my life; I'm willing to go."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is (4) \"He said to the sailors who were with him, he said, you men are young.I've lived the major part of my life; I'm willing to go.\"","questions":"Which medal did the ship's chaplain win?","answer":"Navy"}
{"text":["They are illiterate. We don't have an education system. We don't have a civic education campaign. And so, there's just like a perfect storm of just so many things that makes Haiti so hard to govern. And I think for outsiders, it's very hard for people to understand why it seems to be in a perpetual state of chaos and crisis. But, you know. . .","So, where's the hope?I mean, you know, you must have hope, some flicker of it?","I do have hope. The hope, I think, is that, you know - the hope comes from people like myself. We have 1. 5 million Haitians living outside of Haiti, and a million of them are in the U. S. , the rest are in Canada and France. And, you know, we love the country. We care about what happens there. We are pushing for better policy.","You know, there are a couple of people in Congress who are very good friends of Haiti. Kendrick Meek, for instance, in the U. S.  House, he's from Florida, and before that, his mother was also a congresswoman. So, you know, the Black Caucus is involved."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Pushing for better policy implies that we are actively working to achieve a better policy to be produced by the government. ","questions":"How does PersonA suggest they can bring about change in Haiti?","answer":"Policy"}
{"text":["Is there a way to balance - to better balance interest in public safety, the rights of defendants and also the public's interest in not burdening people with so much debt that they can't function?","The problem with approaches like this private pre-trial supervision is that they not only fail on a sort of, you know, human, moral level when you look at the impact that they're having on poor people, they also really are failing on a public safety level. They're failing in terms of outcomes. There's really nothing that suggests to us that our current approach of investing in this kind of surveillance and caging black and brown people is actually resulting in better public safety outcomes.","That's Blake Strode. He's the executive director of ArchCity Defenders. That's a nonprofit civil rights law firm in St.  Louis, Mo. Blake Strode, thank you so much for talking with us.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The current approach of investing in pre-trial supervision is immoral, discriminatory and doesn't result in better public safety outcomes","questions":"What is the problem with private pre-trial supervision?","answer":"safety"}
{"text":["Does an event like this and forecast like that have the effect of concentrating the mind of not just financial planners. . .",". . . but people in Congress making these decisions. And I hear a little laugh.","You would think it would. And in the past, it has. I mean, as they gotten closer to the deadline, enough fear spread that they could pass something or do something or kick the can or whatever. But this time, one of the things that makes this time feel different is that there really are a lot of House Republicans who say, ah, let it default. It'll just shrink the government, will be all good. And it is an act of - I don't even know how to describe it. It's insanity.","Yeah. Well, Austan Goolsbee, I believe, used that word. Quick last question, if we could. So, October 17th is a real deadline but you think some of the effects, potentially, will be down the road."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3).  In turn (3), the speaker acknowledges that in the past, fear of a deadline has spread enough for Congress to take action. However, this time feels different because there are House Republicans who believe that defaulting on the debt would shrink the government and be a good thing. The speaker goes on to describe this as an act of insanity. The implied meaning is that the speaker believes that defaulting on the debt would not be a good thing, and that it is not a sane or rational course of action. This is different from the literal meaning, which is that some House Republicans believe that defaulting on the debt would be a good thing.","questions":"What does the speaker describe the House Republicans' belief of defaulting on the debt as?","answer":"Insanity"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. That's the thing about everything in life, kind of, is that you kind of have to try certain things out to figure out what you want. So it's like you should always be able to have that moment of, like, figuring out who you are by using a bunch of different things that you've heard already. And then instead of still doing that for your whole career, which I think some people do, you have to take that and, like, digest it and then come out with something that's everything combined. And it's your own thing.","(Singing) Where did you go?I should know. But it's cold. And I don't want to be lonely. So show me the way home. I can't lose another life.","I get that sense of being real is something deeply important.","It's very important for me. I just feel uncomfortable having things be disingenuous. Like, I just have a big thing about honesty and, like, real. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The singer is not actually asking someone to show them the way home but rather expressing their loneliness and desperation due to feeling lost and without direction.","questions":"What is the singer expressing through their lyrics?","answer":"Loneliness"}
{"text":["The other issue, of course, is there were no bonuses for Wall Street this year, or where there were, there were certainly contentions about them, and people were asked to give them back when they got them. So the extra cash that often comes through the pipeline to buy also Christmas presents, which was not there this year, was not there to buy stocks, either.","So here we are. It's December 30th. There's just a few days left to this week. Any chance that Santa might come in the last few days?","Well, unfortunately or fortunately, these are such volatile markets, who knows?I mean, in the last five to ten minutes of the market, we can see an extraordinary turn. It's sort of like watching an NBA game - it's not worth watching it until the very last few minutes to see who wins. We've seen wild fluctuations, but that said, it's not going to be anything to compensate for what's been the worst year since the 1930s.","As you mentioned, Diane, in the past, a lot of times, investors would buy stocks at this time of year with their bonuses. Maybe not so many bonuses this year. You've got the added element of the fact that some people are still concerned that they might get laid off in the future. How is that affecting how the markets might close this year?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The lack of bonuses affected stock market sales.","questions":"Which factor influenced the stock market sales this year?","answer":"Lack"}
{"text":[". . . Positions. What will you be looking for, Danielle?","You're right. They back a lot of the same policies - like \"Medicare for All,\" a $15 minimum wage, that sort of thing. And so they have some basic, similar ideas on economics. They both talk about inequality a lot, for example. So one big thing I'm going to look for is just what, if any, daylight emerges between them on some of these really big issues. But aside from that, I'm going to be watching their rhetoric because they do talk about their ideas in different ways.","Elizabeth Warren, for example, tends to talk about how she likes capitalism, but she thinks it needs some major, major fixing. Bernie Sanders, of course, considers himself a democratic socialist, so that's one way they might clash. But aside from that, they tend to frame their ideas in different ways. Bernie Sanders frames his stump speech as being about big, overarching goals about revolution. He brings in these big national inequality statistics over time and says these things need to change. And his supporters love that. Now, Warren, on the other hand, has branded herself in a different way. You may have heard her slogan by now, the. . .","She has a plan."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to look for something in this context means they are trying to see if something will happen","questions":"What is one big thing that PersonA will be looking for between the candidates?","answer":"Daylight"}
{"text":["But Barack Obama blew right straight through half a million, a million. He's now approaching a million and a half donors. And of course they are not all giving the maximum amount of money, most of them are just giving 100 dollars or less, or 200 dollars or less. Nonetheless, the size, the base of that fundraising operation means that he can raise all the money that he needs, including, very possibly, money that would go to help retire Hillary Clinton's campaign debt after she does drop out, assuming some day she does.","Well Ron, thanks so much.","Thank you, Farai.","That was NPR's senior Washington editor Ron Elving, and he joined me at NPR headquarters in Washington, D. C."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"joined me\" - This is an idiomatic expression that means to come together for a meeting or an event. It does not mean that Ron Elving physically joined the person he is speaking to.","questions":"Which expression is an idiom that means coming together for a meeting or an event?","answer":"Joined"}
{"text":["I am honored to be the district attorney of Brooklyn. But with respect to wrongful conviction cases, I have inherited a mess. I am currently investigating over 100 claims of wrongful convictions. Those numbers are staggering. And that's why I created the conviction review unit, and was able to convince a very prominent, well-respected law professor, Ron Sullivan, who's a law professor at Harvard Law School, to come down to Brooklyn and run my unit.","How do you go to the family of a victim of the original crime and tell them that the person or persons they thought killed their loved one didn't?","That was the hardest thing I had to do to. To sit down with the Blenner family and to let them know that the two defendants whom they believed for 29 years were responsible for the abduction, robbery and murder of their son and brother were wrongfully convicted was extremely difficult. And I pledged to them that I would do all I could to pursue the leads that we do have because we have leads to try to hold the people who killed him responsible.","How does a conviction review unit go about the business of looking at so many cases?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) B's question is a rhetorical question meant to express the difficulty and emotional burden of having to inform a victim's family that the conviction was wrongful, rather than seeking a direct answer.","questions":"Which question did PersonB ask that expressed the emotional difficulty of informing a victim's family of a wrongful conviction?","answer":"How"}
{"text":["Me, party?No.","So, what's going on with this new netbook by VAIO?I've seen it all over, you know, the tech blogs, and I understand that you've taken a look at it, and tell us what it is, of course.","Yeah, absolutely. I mean, this Sony VAIO P is what they are actually calling the model number of this. This is smaller laptop. This is probably the ideal laptop size. It's kind of - it's larger than a typical BlackBerry, but it's smaller than your 15-inch standard laptop that you're looking - that you currently carry around. This is 1. 4 pounds, very, very light. It's only an eight-inch screen. So, most laptops usually starts off at 10 or 12 inches for the small. So, this is very small. It's very thin, Farai. I mean, you could put this in a purse or backpack, and it's so stylish. But really what's blown, I think, a lot of people away about this particular device is that, A, it's easy to carry; it runs with regular Windows operating system software on it; beautiful resolution, and it has built in Verizon High-Speed, what they call EBDO - it's a technical term - but basically cellular-broadband connection all built in to this one device. I'm just in awe, floored by this particular product.","You have a crush."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : you have a crush usually means that the person likes something or someone.","questions":"How was PersonA impressed by the Sony VAIO P?","answer":"Impressed"}
{"text":["Yeah.","That is just a staggering figure. Is the battle to keep San Francisco affordable already a lost battle?","That's a very good question, Ailsa. And I would - you know, I'm still optimistic that we can turn things around here and right the ship in San Francisco. We can't just keep supporting job creation and growth unchecked. And now in 2019, it's time for us to ask the tech sector to start paying their fair share in taxes so that we can support everybody to be able to live and thrive in our city.","San Francisco Supervisor Gordon Mar joined us from member station KQED in San Francisco. Thank you very much for speaking with us.","Thank you, Ailsa."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : San Francisco needs to start asking the tech sector to pay their fair share of taxes so that everyone can live and thrive in the city.","questions":"How can San Francisco support everyone to live and thrive in the city?","answer":"taxes"}
{"text":["And so the world was filled at that time with these microscopic creatures, right?","Yes, these would be very ancient. And we've long suspected that this sort of thing goes back or should go back a long, long way. And people have found the chemical signals, the brassy fool's gold they've found. They've even found the isotopic shifts. But this is, I think, the earliest record where we can see actually turned into this shiny material the fossils themselves. We can see them actually preserved in three dimensions.","And it's new techniques that we have now that we can use to analyze these in three dimensions and start to pick out their relationships. And that's one of the exciting things that's happening at the moment.","Would there be other places around the world where you'd find the same rocks and fossils?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They found something that is not the real thing but close to it.","questions":"How were the fossils preserved?","answer":"Shiny"}
{"text":["But I think that the common thread in a lot of these cities is just that these systems are old. The systems are old and maintenance has been deferred on them. And, you know, in different ways and at different times, that's starting to catch up.","So it's part of the crumbling infrastructure problem in America?","(Laughter) Yeah, you could say that. I mean, I think that, you know - and certainly, when you think about it, these are some of the oldest pieces of infrastructure we have. Often when we talk about the crumbling infrastructure, folks are worried about our highway system or our bridges and so forth. But as you said, New York subway system is 112 years old. Boston's is even older. The rail system in San Francisco is also quite old. So this is some of the oldest infrastructure we have. And so it's not that surprising that it's starting to give out.","It's a special kind of horror to be delayed for, let's say, even half an hour or even five minutes, for that matter, in a subway car that's stalled that has no electricity that's well underneath the ground and the air is stifling. And that - just the fear of that happening is enough to drive people away, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"So it's part of the crumbling infrastructure problem in America?\" Implicated meaning: B is implying that the issue discussed in the previous statement is an example or a manifestation of the larger problem of deteriorating infrastructure in the United States. It suggests that the old and poorly maintained systems mentioned are indicative of a broader issue.","questions":"What is PersonB implying about the issue discussed in the previous statement?","answer":"Example"}
{"text":["Well, I guess you could say almost anything is possible. But I can tell you that I think the program has shown almost no effectiveness. I think at their height, they did four arrests one year. That was costing over $200 million per arrest. CNN had a story that said sleep-deprived, medicated, suicidal and armed federal air marshals in disarray. Years ago, another - a former member of Congress told me one time, he said we did everything we really needed to do when we locked the cockpit doors. That very inexpensive thing has probably done more for air security than anything else.","I mean, it's tempting, and certainly we do it in the news business, to look at a figure like $9 billion and say, you know, figure out what that cost per arrest and everything. But I wonder, isn't it in a sense worth, I don't know, a billion dollars a year to the American people to have that deterrent aboard?Because as people in the program have pointed out, if something happens, there's no one else to call upon for help in an airliner.","Well, you could justify almost anything on that basis. But I will tell you that on any cost-benefit analysis, this program does not hold muster. I can tell you also that while a billion dollars might not seem like much money in the whole federal government. . .","Oh, no, it's a lot of money. Don't get me wrong. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : While it is possible that some people may interpret this turn as simply stating a lack of effectiveness, the phrase \"hold muster\" suggests a stronger implication that the program falls short of certain standards or requirements.","questions":"How does turn 2 suggest the program's performance?","answer":"Ineffectiveness"}
{"text":["People are still talking about that controversial New York Post cartoon, which they said sought to spoof the economic stimulus bill. Some people saw it as racist. And we also want to hear from people about what they want to hear from us in these final weeks of our show being on the air, and they can send their ideas for segments, story ideas and interviews to our blog or through our Facebook page, News & Notes.","Can I throw you a curve?","Sure.","All right. I don't want to scare you. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The person is asking the other person if they can say someting that might make them think differently about something.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue implies that the person is going to say something that may be unsettling to the other person?","answer":"Scare"}
{"text":["And the early history of baseball is replete with teams that raided other teams for their catchers.","Oh, and particularly in the 1870s that the best teams were the ones with the best catchers. You really couldn't be successful without one. And Deacon White stood above everybody else to the point where he played on five consecutive championship teams. And he went from team to team and the championship just followed him around wherever he went.","He was quite a good hitter too.","He was a great hitter. He was a way above-average hitter, playing a position where, you know, the defense was so all-encompassing as a skill that you could, you know, you could really just put anybody there if they could field the position and not worry about their bat. But he was a consistent . 300 and above hitter."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : hitter refers to as a skilled gamer or sportsman ","questions":"Which term is used to refer to a skilled gamer or sportsman in the dialogue?","answer":"Hitter"}
{"text":["At dusk tonight - the Belmont stakes, and an engaging chestnut named California Chrome has a chance to be the first horse to win the Triple Crown - a sweep of all three of the major thoroughbred races since 1978. We're honored now to be joined by Laura Hillenbrand. She's a horse rider by trade, of course she's author of the perpetual best-selling \"Seabiscuit. \"Laura, thanks so much for being with us.","I'm so happy to be here Scott.","What is there about the Belmont stakes that frustrates so many great four-legged athletes who've already won two big races?","They call it the test of their champion for a reason. It is a tricky race. It's run around the biggest track in the country so strategy is different. You have to move a different place. It's a race that requires a lot of the jockey.","The thing that makes it the hardest in terms of sweeping the whole Triple Crown is the horse that gets there with a chance to win it as California Chrome has. They've already competed in the Derby and the Preakness, which are two incredibly difficult races. And now, in the span of five weeks, they have to try the third one. And it's the hardest one of all, the longest one of all. It's really asking a huge amount of them. And that's why, in my whole racing fan life, I have never seen a horse sweep the Triple Crown. I've seen 12 horses go to the Belmont with a chance to win it, and all of them have failed.","California Chrome is called the people's horse, kind of like Seabiscuit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"frustrates so many great four-legged athletes\" - This suggests that the horses experience challenges or difficulties in the Belmont Stakes, which goes beyond the literal meaning of being frustrated.","questions":"How do horses feel during the Belmont Stakes?","answer":"Challenges"}
{"text":["The regime does blame rebels for escalating this bout of violence. And, as you say, there's a lot at stake here. It's a place that's swollen with civilians. A lot of people who've fled the fighting elsewhere in the country have taken refuge here, and aid workers are saying it would be a catastrophe if a full war took hold here.","Oh, this is amazing. So this is where a lot of people who have fled violence arrived in huge numbers, thinking that this might be their one last safe. . .","Right.",". . . Space. And if there are that many civilians there - like, what do we know about these airstrikes so far?How badly are civilians being hit?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is a risk of a catastrophic situation if a full war breaks out in the area with civilians","questions":"What is the potential consequence if a full war breaks out in the area with civilians?","answer":"catastrophic"}
{"text":["As it stands now, it's getting bigger and better, and I am very hopeful that it would stay that way. At the same token, I know that it takes a smart business person to run a successful business. So it's all about how you position yourself. I'm continuously networking, and meeting with people, and developing relationships with some very prominent people. So therefore, business is prospering, and I will continue to do that.","But it would seem to me - and perhaps you can offer some clarification on this point - that there are a lot of people who are in business such as yourself, who are good at what they do, who are conscientious, who are working hard and yet who find themselves, for whatever reasons, not doing and not being as successful as they would like. And there must be something that separates you from them besides, perhaps, your business plan and your enthusiasm. Is that realistic?","That is very realistic. I mean, I think that goes with any position. You have singers, actors, and a lot of them have been in the business for years and have never made it, if you will, because certain people have it and certain people don't. You either have a drive and a knack for really connecting with people and making some things happen for yourself. Or you can be as talented as the next person, but you may never go anywhere with that talent if you don't have the right connections, the right personality and the right know-how.","You said that you've lived near the Obamas in Chicago, in the High Park area, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Having the right connections, personality and know-how is essential for success.","questions":"How does having the right connections, personality, and know-how impact success?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["Well, it's about four, five, six percent. But we also asked questions about whether or not people would change their minds. You can add an additional about 20 percent of voters who are picking a candidate in the month of September, but are still saying they might change their mind how they're going to vote. When you add those two numbers together, you get almost to a quarter of the electorate in Ohio that could change its mind between now and Election Day.","And the number one issue, as it is in many places in the country, the economy?","The economy is the number one issue. And one of the things that makes it very difficult for a candidate to campaign in Ohio is that when they come to Ohio to talk about the economy, they can't just talk about a single aspect. When you talk to folks in the northern part of the state, northeast Ohio which includes Cleveland, and northwest Ohio which includes Toledo, when you're talking about the economy there, oftentimes the discussion is about trade.","When you talk about the economy in southwest Ohio, which is the Cincinnati area, there's much less talk about trade, and more discussion about wages and the salaries that people are making. The southeast area of the state, which is also known in part because of the Appalachian history of that part of the state, has high unemployment. A number of counties in southeast Ohio have double-digit unemployment. Many people in that region are talking about and focused on unemployment, solely as their economic concern."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : None found - the turn \"the economy\" appears to have its literal meaning as the main issue of concern.","questions":"What is the main issue concerning voters in Ohio?","answer":"economy"}
{"text":["And it's working. It's really working. So, I think that the new music coming out of Atlanta, the new kids that are coming up are really taking what we did in the past, over the past 20 years, and infusing it with the new, like they're erasing all the boundaries.","I just like to add one thing. Yellow Wolf is also a discovery of Kawan K. P. Prather, who was also at Le Face Records. So, it is like the story continues to. . .","The generations roll on.","Yeah. Yeah, exactly."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The new music coming out of Atlanta is building on the past and pushing boundaries.","questions":"Which city's music is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Atlanta"}
{"text":["Well, the state of the free world is at stake as always in college football, as you know. I really feel that the one thing about college football that people do gravitate toward - I'm not a huge college football fan myself - but I feel like what it does to people who really care about it is that it really is a winner-take-all type of thing. You kind of have to win every single game. You lose one game and your national title hopes are dashed. So, when you have a big matchup early and you're just getting started, this is a big game. Well, I think it's a bigger game for Michigan and for Alabama, naturally, because Alabama is defending national championship. They'll be there at the end. But if you're Michigan, this is a good chance early on to show what you've got.","I guess things don't look so great for my Boise State Broncos, right?This is a rebuilding year in Boise.","Exactly. And I was thinking that last night when they lost. I said, oh, well, goodness, Boise State lost one game therefore their entire future has been destroyed, and for - at least there's next year, right?","At least there's next year. Howard Bryant, senior writer at ESPN. com and ESPN the Magazine. Howard, thanks so much. Have a good U. S.  Open."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In this turn, the speaker is using sarcasm to imply that the reaction to Boise State losing one game is exaggerated and that there is always a chance for redemption in the future. The literal meaning of \"therefore their entire future has been destroyed\" is not true, but the speaker is using hyperbole to make a point. The actual meaning is that losing one game is not the end of the world, and there is always the possibility of improvement in the future.","questions":"Which team did the speaker in turn 2 refer to?","answer":"Boise-State"}
{"text":["OK.  Let's talk taxes. The latest GOP tax plan sailed through the House of Representatives this week. It's now in the Senate. What will be the greatest challenge there. Could it fail there, or is it likely to pass?They need a win.","Well, they already have - the Republicans already have some problems going on with even some of their most conservative members. So you've got Ron Johnson from Wisconsin who's already said, I won't vote for this bill in the way it stands. Someone like Susan Collins objects to the fact that the repeal of the individual mandate - the health care mandate - has been attached to this bill. So while it passed through the House pretty easily, the Senate is an incredibly different climate. You have people like Bob Corker and Jeff Flake who are a little bit of - you know, they're sticking in the craw of Republican leaderships because they're - you know, they're sort of doing. . .","Deficit hawks. Yeah.","Yes, exactly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Deficit hawks. Yeah.\" - The literal meaning is that Bob Corker and Jeff Flake are concerned about the deficit. The implied meaning is that they are causing issues for the Republican leadership because they may not support the tax plan if it adds to the deficit.","questions":"What is the primary concern of Bob Corker and Jeff Flake regarding the tax plan?","answer":"Deficit"}
{"text":["And in the end, what has speech enabled us to do as a species?","It's enabled us to think up strategies to head off what you think might be about to happen, and the strategies depend upon memory. And speech is a fantastic memory device. There's absolutely nothing like it, and I think it's time for people who are interested in evolution to say that the theory of evolution applies only - only to animals.","Tom Wolfe - his book - \"The Kingdom Of Speech. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","My pleasure, thank you very, very much for having me, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Speech has enabled us to communicate more effectively and creatively, enabling us to come up with solutions and strategies to deal with situations.","questions":"What has speech enabled us to do as a species?","answer":"Think"}
{"text":["It's my pleasure, Scott.","You started out in your 40s?","No, I started out professionally in my 40s, but I was acting as a - since I was 9 years old. And as a young man trying to make a living, I was an exterminator, but I was doing community theater for many years before I finally went ahead with it as a professional.","Forgive me. - you were an exterminator?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"It's my pleasure, Scott.\" - This is a polite response to express that the speaker is happy to help or serve Scott in some way. The literal meaning is simply that the speaker is feeling pleasure.","questions":"What is Scott's relation to the conversation in turn 0?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["Sure, thanks for having me.","It wasn't so long ago that rich Russians were strutting a little. What's happened?","Well, just what you described. There's been fall in the oil prices, which has had a big effect on the ruble; exacerbated by the sanctions, in my view, and suddenly a confident Putin and a confident Russia is no more. I think growth is next to zero by the end of the year and many people are predicting negative four - maybe even negative 5 - percent economic contraction next year.","Does anyone in Russia say - are they bold enough to now say in public that invading Crimea doesn't look like such a smart move?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of repetition or emphasis on certain words may convey a hidden or implied meaning, such as sarcasm, irony, or frustration, that complements or contrasts with their words.","questions":"How did the speaker convey a hidden meaning in turn 3?","answer":"emphasis"}
{"text":["Not necessarily. Sinkholes can happen for many different reasons at different times. However, we do tend to see sinkholes occur more often during high precipitation events, so during a wet season, for instance. The - if you have a void underground and in the soil it tends to work its way toward the surface. And so then you have - and we don't necessarily see any kind of subsidence on the surface if it's a nice, tight, clay soil.","But when you add a lot of water to it, you're adding - you know, water weighs a lot. So you're adding that weight to that soil bridge, basically, over that void. And once you get to a certain amount of weight, it'll collapse. The other situation is during droughts. Water tables will drop, so that'll give you a little bit more instability for what's on the surface, but also clay holds water very well.","And during a drought, you might dry up the water that's in that clay. And clay, you know, that water is basically like a glue. It's adhesive. And if you lose that adhesion, you also can get sinkholes.","Is there a way to detect if you have a sinkhole under your property someplace?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The area underground where water is first found will lower in terms of the amount of water.","questions":"How can the lowering of water levels underground be detected?","answer":"a"}
{"text":["And, you know, I actually - I stumbled across an obituary from the New York Times for a Rough Rider, not even one of the famous Rough Riders. But it was from the '30s, and it went through his career. And it struck me that, you know, if here's a guy who's not even that famous, but he's significant enough that 40 - almost 40 years later, he gets an obituary in the New York Times. So what does that say about how famous and how significant these people were at the time?And what is that significance?So that really struck for me that match of thinking, OK, now I need to find the answer.","Well, were they hugely famous when the United States organized an army and invaded Cuba in 1898?","Absolutely. You know, there was this moment in 1898 where I think - and this is the significance of the war - is that it changed how America thinks about its military and about its role in the world. And it gave a positive spin to the idea that American can have a military and should go out into the world to intervene, to bring freedom.","And for a lot of people, even at the time - and editorialists wrote about this. They said the Rough Riders are emblematic of that new America, of this idea that we have this power and we have this - the strength and these values at home. And now we're going to arm them and take them out into the world. And to me, that resonates throughout the 20th century. Time after time, we do that same sort of thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The idea of using military intervention for spreading American values has been consistent throughout the 20th century.","questions":"How has American foreign policy evolved throughout the 20th century?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["(Reading from diary) Woke up not feeling well. I spent the entire day online on WebMD. I can say with a hundred percent certainty that I have pleurisy, tuberculosis, brainstem cancer or an enlarged prostate. I found a great cure for whatever ails you - a coffee enema. The only negative - I could never go back to Starbucks.","I can't read this. Joan Rivers' new book is called \"Diary of a Mad Diva. \"She joins us from New York. Thanks so much.","Oh, it makes me so happy when you laugh.","Well, it's funny. I have to ask you, do you have as much plastic surgery as you say you do or is it kind of like Dean Martin and his drinking?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B's question about plastic surgery implies that B thinks the person being asked has had a lot of plastic surgery and may not be truthful about it, even though the literal meaning of the question is simply asking about the extent of the person's plastic surgery.","questions":"How does PersonB's question about plastic surgery imply the person being asked is not truthful?","answer":"extent"}
{"text":["Well, maybe before 20 September, yes, but maybe after 20 September, there might be some people from the military that think that, well, he has went too far. Actually after Trump support and blind support to Sissi, the number of people who has been arrested have been increased dramatically. So I would say that endorsing and supporting Sissi publicly by Trump give him a green light to continue and to continue crackdown on peaceful dissent.","I'm told, Mr.  Zaree, that you're on the travel ban list. Are you worried about your own safety?","I'm always worried about my own safety. And I am worried about the safety of my family. But at the same time, I can't just see what's happening and remain silent.","Mohamed Zaree is with the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies. Thank you, sir."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Trump supported Sissi without obtaining information about the man and what he does.","questions":"What event led to the increase in arrested people in Egypt?","answer":"Endorsing"}
{"text":["Yeah, gosh.","And so I got up and ran. And it wasn't too far. But I just - at that moment, I thought, I don't want to be shot in the back, and I need to find some cover. And there's really no place to hide. But there are these. . .","You found a little, like, alcove that you could duck into.","There was a little alcove, yeah. And I just made myself as small as I could in that little corner."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker tried to protect themselves from danger.","questions":"Which corner?","answer":"Little"}
{"text":["Yeah. That was the scene I went out. Before I did that song, Creed said, man, write a hit. I said, oh, sure, it'll be gold(ph). Because commercialism never really fazed me. I mean, playing songs that - in links that you knew everybody would like. I always wanted to be a true jazz artist, you know that. But Creed said, write a hit, so I wrote \"Red Clay. \"And all my friends who were jazz musicians, they said, man, you writing that square stuff. So I kind of - but that tune has earned me a living.","That's a great tune.","I mean - and it reminded me of my early childhood when I was back in Indianapolis.","They have red clay in Indiana?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Creed said to write a song that would be very popular. Jazz musician friends said that he was writing songs that were boring.","questions":"What did Creed ask the speaker to write?","answer":"Hit"}
{"text":["Xie xie.","Xie xie. Well, Alonzo Bland, xie xie. Thank you so much for sharing your story with us today.","Thank you.","Alonzo Bland is living in Tianjin, China. He's at the Aimin Fat Reduction Hospital, hoping to lose 400 pounds."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : losing 400 pounds refers to losing weight or fat reduction and not to lose 400 British Pounds  or money","questions":"How much weight is Alonzo Bland hoping to lose?","answer":"400"}
{"text":["Yeah, it was a - it opens - they - a trade fair and Dismas notes that there are two adjacent booths, each offering a complete crown of thorns for sale.","(Laughter).","He thinks, you know, unfortunate placement there, you know?But these things existed.","And at one point, Dismas is told to translate the Shroud of Turin. Is that 16th century spin?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"B: And at one point, Dismas is told to translate the Shroud of Turin. Is that 16th century spin?\" - The literal meaning suggests that Dismas was asked to translate the Shroud of Turin and B is questioning whether it was an accurate translation.","questions":"What is PersonB questioning about the translation of the Shroud of Turin?","answer":"Translation"}
{"text":["Well, I'm going to try to make this as succinct as possible. But it's a complicated game of musical chairs. Next in line to take over the governor's job would be the local secretary of state. But that position has been vacant for the past two weeks because the former secretary of state resigned his position because he was involved in the original leaked chat that led to the governor's resignation.","Oh, the same scandal got the next - the second in line before it got the first guy. OK, go on.","Right. And then it would be Wanda Vazquez's turn. But as we've seen, she's a controversial figure, and she has already expressed her desire that she doesn't want the job. After that, it would be the Treasury secretary's turn. But he's been in his post for less than a month after Governor Rossello fired his predecessor for publicly denouncing corruption schemes within the Puerto Rican Treasury without first consulting with the governor's office. So the problem with the current Treasury secretary is that he's 31 years old and doesn't meet the minimum age requirement to be governor. . .","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : second in line refers to who takes the place of a leader if they resign","questions":"Which position has been vacant for the past two weeks?","answer":"Local"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me with you.","So, let's start with what exactly they are.","Okay. Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors. They're growth of muscle within the uterine wall. And sometimes they can be the size of a dime, and because of their location, they give you severe symptoms. And rarely, they can get to be the size of a basketball before they're recognized.","That's sounds pretty horrific.","It can be. It's amazing how much difficulty they can give to women that, in general, women can have severe menstrual bleeding - the kind of bleeding that keeps you home from work or keeps you from being able to do your daily activities - or they can press on a lot body structures. And they are very common, and it's surprising that so few women know that they have fibroids and that their symptoms may be related to them.","Now, research shows that about 25 percent of women in America are going to show some symptoms of fibroids, but they occur a lot more often in black women than white women. How much more often and why do scientists think that is?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : That's sounds pretty horrific. Implicated meaning: Expressing shock or surprise at the information provided about fibroids.","questions":"What was PersonB's reaction to the information provided about fibroids?","answer":"Surprised"}
{"text":["One last, I think, pretty blunt question we've got in 40 seconds left - why is President Trump more critical of Alec Baldwin than he is of Vladimir Putin on this week when Putin shows an animated video of Russian missiles smacking Florida?","I, you know - I think if you look at the President Trump style with ISIS as an example - he doesn't like to tip his hand. He was critical of the last administration by declaring departure dates, and so forth and things going on in the Middle East. And I think he's been tougher on Russia and Vladimir Putin than any other administration, at least the last two.","Really?","And so I would say, stay tuned to that. He's pretty predictable in that way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This means that Russian missiles were aimed at Florida but they did not literally 'smack' there. ","questions":"What was the animated video shown by Vladimir Putin?","answer":"Missiles"}
{"text":["Right.","Just a little.","You could put honey. . .","Yeah. Agave just. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Agave just...\" This turn is not complete and lacks context, so its meaning is ambiguous. It could be interpreted as a response to the previous turn, where \"Agave\" is being suggested as an alternative to honey, or it could have a different meaning depending on the context of the conversation.","questions":"How did PersonA respond to PersonB's suggestion?","answer":"Ambiguously"}
{"text":["So alphabetically, Jeb Bush, Ben Carson, Hillary Clinton, Martin O'Malley, Bernie Sanders, who'd you like?","You know, I liked the fact that they all came. The important thing for the Urban League was that each of these five candidates accepted our invitation, came, and I think offered a serious perspective from their own point of view. They came in here. They talked about race. They talked about economics. They talked about the criminal justice system. They talked about cities. These issues don't get discussed on the main stage in many, many political debates and discussions. And so why we wanted them here, so they could talk about equality, talk about opportunity, develop those ideas in a way that will not, and - or, I should say, historically has not happened in this campaign up until this point.","Mr.  Morial, another unarmed black man was killed by an officer in Cincinnati. I wonder if you have some ideas you want to bring to our attention about how to try to repair a shattered relationship between black citizens and police.","It's an American tragedy of untold proportions, particularly as we've seen it play out in the last two years. Our ten-point justice plan recommended that body cameras and dash cameras be mandatory for all law enforcement all the way across the country. But we also believe that more must be done when it comes to police officer hiring, police officer training, and police officer accountability. The community wants to and must trust its police if they're going to be allies is in what we all want, and that is safer communities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"repair a shattered relationship between black citizens and police\" - This phrase is not meant to be taken literally as if the relationship between black citizens and police was physically broken into pieces. Rather, it means that the trust and understanding between these groups have been severely damaged and need to be restored through specific actions and policies.","questions":"How does the phrase \"repair a shattered relationship between black citizens and police\" suggest the current state of the relationship?","answer":"Damaged"}
{"text":["That's right. I mean, the thing is many people are uneasy with what former Director Comey recounted as the president's words. But whether it constitutes obstruction is a more difficult issue. There were plenty of reasons to fire James Comey. Now, the president may have had any number of reasons in mind. But you're looking for something far more concrete in most criminal prosecutions. You're looking for a clear intent to try to stop an investigation.","All right. This is another word that we hear all the time - collusion, which is what started the Russia investigation, the idea that somehow members of the Trump administration colluded with Russia to influence the U. S.  election. What is collusion?Does it have any legal meaning?And what would the charge actually be if it were proven?","Well, that's another problem of getting ahead of our skis a bit. People have been referring to collusion like there is a crime of collusion in this context. There is no such crime. So what you're really looking for are collateral crimes. You know, the White House is allowed to speak to the Russians. The White House is even allowed to do remarkably dumb things with the Russians. The president is allowed to reveal classified information to the Russians. None of that is legal. That becomes a political question of holding someone accountable for things you don't like them doing.","But if a member of the Trump team before the election or after the election was talking to the Russians and saying, all right, we are - want to help you throw the election in our favor, is that illegal?I mean, that's what the implication is here essentially."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The phrase \"throw the election in our favor\" in (4) implies attempting to influence the result of the election, which is different from its literal meaning of physically throwing the election.","questions":"Which phrase in (4) has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning?","answer":"influence"}
{"text":["Oh, yes. You know, capitalism evolved into the Wild, Wild West form of capitalism in which regulation was relatively lax, I mean, which leverage in borrowing produced the combined phenomena where, you know, everyone assumed that prices of everything would always go up and never go down. Witness the phenomena with housing prices.","Now, all of that's changed. We've understood that there's a need for regulation, for control in terms of lending, and for an assumption of reduced expectations in terms of return. And so, yeah, capitalism as defined over the past 10 or 20 years, in which prices only went down for a year or two, and then they snapped back up and reached for accelerated and new highs, those days are disappearing quickly.","Bill Gross is Managing Director of Pacific Investment Management Company, which has more than $720 billion of investments. Bill, thank you.","Thank you very much, Alex."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Capitalism has changed and now requires more regulation and reduced expectations in terms of return. Prices are not assumed to always go up anymore.","questions":"Which investment company does Bill Gross manage?","answer":"Pacific"}
{"text":["Story's still unfolding, we understand. What are you hearing?","Well, the evidence is that the Islamic State is behind this. In addition to French President Francois Hollande saying that the attacks were the work of ISIS, the group itself claimed responsibility in an online statement a short time ago. And they say the attacks were a response to French airstrikes in Syria and that France would remain, in their words, a top target as long as it continued its current policies.","This has been independently confirmed by intelligence officials you've been able to talk to.","Well, my understanding is that officials first started to suspect ISIS was behind this late last night. There were some cellphone conversations or texts that the gunmen were exchanging while the attacks were going on. And they mentioned ISIS. And here's why that's important. You remember the Mumbai attacks in 2008 that were - those were attacks on hotels and Jewish centers and a railway station. Well, one of the ways that they traced it back to the perpetrators was by picking up phone conversations between the gunmen and their handlers in Pakistan. The information is still coming in, but it appears that something similar happened here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : EXPLAINATION: (2): The implication is that French airstrikes in Syria are the cause of the attacks.","questions":"How did the gunmen connect with their handlers during the attacks in Mumbai?","answer":"Conversations"}
{"text":["Well, the first thing we did is we discussed with our veterans who had worked to install the Eternal Flame Memorial, this particular feature to this park, and tried to work out some sort of an agreement. And it was agreed that if we could keep the flame going, we would do that, but that it may require us to shut it down for a short period of time while we re-engineer or figure out what we can do to make this work. Unfortunately, we're in a budget crunch, and every penny counts.","I understand that shortly after you got this bill, the flame went out for a little bit.","It was shut off for about a day and half, two days. It was shut off for a brief period of time. That's correct.","And veterans there in Bullhead City didn't take too kindly to that decision."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Veterans were upset about the decision to shut down the flame.","questions":"Which group was disappointed with the flame being shut down?","answer":"Veterans"}
{"text":["Well, like you were saying, these 737 Max jets - they had an automated system, and it was designed to keep the planes safe, to keep them in the air and avoid stalls, but it malfunctioned. And as many people know, that sent the planes into a nosedive, and two of them crashed, and 346 people were killed. There's, of course, been a lot of scrutiny, ongoing investigations, concerns that the Federal Aviation Administration maybe handed off too much responsibility to Boeing itself without doing proper government oversight.","This report doesn't deal with all of that, and the crash specifically. What this is is interesting. It's a small group of Boeing board members who've themselves been digging into this and looking for ways to improve safety at the company. And they're about to come out with recommendations about how this company could reshape itself in the wake of these devastating crashes.","What can you tell us about what these recommendations - what this report will say?","Well, there's a lot of stuff, but one big thing would be that - to change who the engineers who work on these airplanes actually work on them. Currently, they - many of them report to the business leader for each airplane model that this engineer or that engineer might happen to be working on."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : NONE","questions":"Which group is coming out with recommendations about how Boeing could reshape itself in the wake of the crashes?","answer":"Engineers."}
{"text":["Yeah. What damage in the United States near as you can tell?","Well, we're not really aware of what the damage is precisely. I mean, that's still being accounted for. One thing interestingly for people that are dissecting what happened is that many systems are now trying to clean up the damage. So it's hard to know exactly what happened. It's kind of like cleaning up a crime scene before doing the forensics on it. One thing that is being discussed - this is possibly malware coming from the NSA. Some security experts who've been collecting samples of the malware and dissecting them have been saying that these criminal attacks are based on attacks designed by the National Security Agency and then released into the public by a hacking group called The Shadow Brokers.","You know, now, the NSA, they would have wanted to use the malware for spying purposes, right?The agency has a huge shop - we're very well aware of this - one of the world's best shops, dedicated to finding weaknesses in software and taking advantage of those weaknesses to break in and steal information for spying purposes. The problem is once you break in, you make digital keys, you can't really control who gets them. So this attack is raising one of these fundamental issues that we talk about in the security world about whether NSA surveillance protects people or creates unexpected damage that does more harm than good.","So I - so it's possible that there - it's possible that the NSA program to try and limit damage and trace people who would do harm to the country wound up doing harm across the world."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) suggests that the NSA's efforts to protect the country may have caused damage around the world.","questions":"Which program is being discussed as potentially causing harm around the world?","answer":"NSA"}
{"text":["They still want the same things they wanted on Tuesday, but because of the heavy-handed security tactics, they're also now saying that they want the Iraqi army and the Iraqi security forces to stop firing on them. What they - overwhelmingly, what you hear is, we are Iraqi. We are the people of this country. Why are you firing at us?We have a right to protest.","And what is the scene tonight?This is Friday. This is typically a day of rest in Iraq. Is - are the streets quiet right now?","Well, the curfew has now been in place, you know, almost 36 hours. There are checkpoints every 300 meters. One of my Iraqi friends actually turned around to me and said, this feels like it was during the height of the invasion and the occupation of Iraq in. . .","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The tactics used were very dangerous and deadly to the protestors.","questions":"What was the protestors' main demand amidst the heavy-handed security tactics?","answer":"Iraqi"}
{"text":["Oh boy, so much has changed. The club scenes, radio, the entire industry as a whole has changed dramatically. Even back then - I mean, I'm not really in clubs right now, but back then, the music that they were playing was different. The accessibility through music and the clubs, and then transitioning into radio was different.","Because that's really how \"Hey Mister DJ\" became such a big hit. A couple of DJs in the clubs loved it, started playing it, and then the next thing you know it was on the radio. And I remember because the label at that time was not really interested in promoting the song. So that's really how it got to mainstream radio, and it just would build and build from there. So it's changed so much now. Regulations and everything has changed. So it's just not as easy to kind of get in those doors.","Now, what made you decide you wanted to go record again?","You know, well, during that time, that seven year hiatus that I took, another life change that I had was really just kind of recommitting my life to God, and my husband and I both grew up in church. And you know, you kind of do your thing when you go to college, and you got your freedom, you do whatever you want to do, which is also a growing period."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The music played in clubs and on the radio has changed significantly over time","questions":"How has the music industry changed?","answer":"Different"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . Calmer feeling inside your kitchens. Why?","Right. That's part of what I learned not to do from Todd is to scream and to not pay them. And a lot of that was what I had to go through. I had to beg for my paycheck, or - I think I was making $6 an hour from him. So I felt I would succeed if I treat people with dignity and teach them the tools to succeed - not that I really knew right away when I had only one restaurant - but to be part of a team instead of a head chef and a screamer. I wanted it to feel like we're all in this together - from the reservationist, to the dishwasher, to the line cooks, to myself - that we are one chef, and we - I need them to succeed. So that's how I worked in my kitchens.","Why do you think it's still so hard for women to break into this business?","It isn't hard to break into it. It's up to women to want to do it. I think a lot of women look at the hours and the lifestyle, and then they think family or children. But I think it's fabulous to have your children involved in the restaurant industry. I mean, it's changed a lot. And - I mean, it's not - it's about what women want to do, and don't give up. I think that's really - I just put my head down, and I knew what I wanted, and I went for it. And yeah, there's struggle, but there's struggles in every job."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning suggests that Todd taught A not to scream and not to pay the employees. However, the actual meaning is that A learned from Todd's mistakes and did not engage in those behaviors.","questions":"How did PersonA learn not to scream and not to pay the employees?","answer":"Learned"}
{"text":["And is this going to encourage changes at other state universities?Is this going to encourage more lawsuits?","I think it's hard to gauge. If you were one of the conservatives who wanted to challenge affirmative action, I would think this is a little depressing. You spent years trying to get a case at the Supreme Court, and you don't - you know, it's not much of an incentive to do it again.","I think it may encourage a few big states, as I mentioned, to try to move away a little bit from weighing race and trying to find a way, like this top 10 law, rewarding top graduates, find a way to bring in more minority students but without giving an explicit preference in the admissions policy.","Now some will remember there was another case I think from the University of Michigan that was also broadly about affirmative action. Does the Texas case supplant that, or are we awaiting a decision on the Michigan case, as well?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Race may not be used by some big states in college admissions.","questions":"What was the incentive for conservatives who wanted to challenge affirmative action?","answer":"trial"}
{"text":["Today, Turkey formally requested NATO to deploy Patriot missiles on the border with Syria. And while the new anti-government coalition wins friends in foreign capitals, it gets a mixed reception from rebel groups inside Syria. NPR correspondent Deborah Amos joins us now by Skype from southern Turkey. And Deborah, always good to talk with you.","Thank you, Neal. Glad to be here.","And some European nations are already considering Turkey's Patriot missile request. If fulfilled, will that effectively establish a no-fly zone over parts of - over northern Syria?","NATO officials are downplaying the no-fly zone aspect of this. But there is no doubt that if there are Patriot missiles on the border, the Syrian air force will think twice about bombing any city close to that border. That is already happening on this - on the Turkish border. There are towns now that are under the umbrella of Turkey."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The presence of Patriot missiles on the border will deter the Syrian air force from bombing cities close to the border.","questions":"What will the Syrian air force think twice about if there are Patriot missiles on the border?","answer":"bombing"}
{"text":["We've seen the symbolism internationally too, haven't we?","We have. And perhaps the best-known example - in a small town in Thailand last month we saw three students who were arrested after protesting last spring's military coup by flashing the three-fingered salute - that's a symbol of District 12, Katniss' district in \"The Hunger Games. \"And you see things like that all over the world now. You see protesters in various parts of the world who not only wear T-shirts with \"Hunger Games\" slogans, but also have begun to use that three-finger salute as a symbol of protest not only in Thailand, but I'm told in Ukraine and other places as well.","What are we to make of the fact - I've wondered about this Stephen, the dystopian theme seems so popular as opposed to ethereal ones these days.","Dystopian novels always tend to feature a disaster followed by the good guys versus the bad guys in a very basic Manichaean sense. There's good and there's evil and there's no question about who the good and evil are. And we live in a political era of - where people on the left think everyone on the right is evil, everyone on the right thinks everyone on the left is evil. There's a tendency to paint our enemies as larger-than-life. And that fits perfectly with the general design of the dystopian story."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Why does the dystopian genre fit the current political climate?","questions":"Which genre fits the current political climate?","answer":"Dystopian"}
{"text":["I think a lot of people are afraid of science, really, which is bad news for everybody, because we really all need to understand a certain amount of science in order to make decent policy about the world we live in. But the truth is, translating scientific ideas from physics and mathematics and biology into vernacular English is difficult enough, and then translating it into fiction so that it's all there unobtrusively is extremely challenging.","And that was both a daunting and a really fun part of this novel, because I had to - in order to write about - in order to bring the reader into this world of scientists studying climate change in front of their eyes, they have to know something about the physics of why warm air holds more moisture. I wrote in this novel about the difference between correlation and causation. One of my pet peeves. . .",". . . with journalists who - when they report on science. There - this novel even mentions the ice-albedo effect. I was really excited listening to your previous half hour when I heard that word, albedo effect. That's in my novel. But it's not every easy to do, and it requires a certain comfort with the literature and with the subject to begin to translate that into plot and character and to make it really compelling so that people who might think they're afraid of science can read this novel, enjoy this novel without knowing that they're being educated in science.","I mean, it sounds like you felt compelled to really get the science right in this, even thought it's fiction, to get that accurate."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The novel educates readers about science in an unobtrusive way","questions":"Which aspect of the novel was challenging for the author?","answer":"Translation"}
{"text":["From NPR News, this is Day to Day. The ethics problem at the Interior Department continues to unfold, specifically in the little-known but powerful Minerals Management Service. The Interior Department's watchdog reports that employees in that division accepted gifts, they steered government contracts to friends, and they had sexual relations with oil and gas-company representatives. Joining us now is John Dimsdale from Marketplace, and John, first, what is the Minerals Management Service?I hadn't heard of it until yesterday.","Well, it's responsible for collecting royalty revenues from companies that extract oil and other minerals from federal property. And last year, they collected 11 billion dollars from the oil and gas industry. So, it's a big source of revenue. In fact, sometimes Minerals Management is the second largest source of income for the federal government, second only to the IRS. And remember, this scandal comes just as Congress is debating whether to allow more oil drilling, especially on the Outer Continental Shelf under the ocean.","That's right. So, let's go into the details of this scandal. What did the Interior Department's inspector general find?","Well, this report makes it sound like a very dysfunctional place. It alleges cocaine and marijuana use, and even promiscuous sex between government employees and the industry that they oversee. The inspector general says the relationship between the industry and the revenue collectors is supposed to be at arm's length, but most of the oil-company people that investigators talked to said they bought meals or drinks, entertainment, for government employees."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"let's go into the details of this scandal\" - figurative meaning: let's discuss and examine the scandal in detail, literal meaning: let's physically go to the place where the scandal is happening.","questions":"Which phrase in the dialogue is a figurative expression that means \"let's discuss and examine the scandal in detail\"?","answer":"Details"}
{"text":["We're talking with Joan Vennochi, the columnist for the Boston Globe, about a piece she wrote on the opinion page there today. It's called \"Did the police let their guard down?\"You can find a link to it at our website. Go to npr. org. Click on TALK OF THE NATION. And this is TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And as you said earlier, it is impossible to secure the 26. 2 miles of the event, the huge crowds, like, 28,000 runners that gather to start the race, the crowds at the finished line, everything along the route. But Boston is not alone. Every city in town across the country has a big event. Do you think after Boston, police everywhere are going to have to look into their security?","Well, that seemed to be the feeling of people who know more about terrorism and security issues than I do, that again priority shift with time, there is a complacency that comes over certainly smaller towns and cities. I think New York City and L. A. , you know, places like that probably think about more than we thought about it here. It just seemed like something that could never happen. And until it does, you just think of it as something fairly remote, even though Boston certainly had a very direct connection to 9\/11 since the planes left from here.","But, yeah, I mean, I think it makes - it's going to make the experts, again, think about the tradeoffs. Again, you can' protect against everything. But is there a way you want to rejigger what happens at the finish line?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She wrote an article asking if the police were not doing their jobs as well as they should have.","questions":"What was the title of the article written by Joan Vennochi?","answer":"police"}
{"text":["Exactly. And the nice thing with the study was that we got to find out what was characteristic of healthy sinus cavities. And what we saw was that there was this enrichment for lactic acid bacteria and many other bacteria. But they're the ones that stood out to us because they were most depleted in the disease stage. And so we moved the. . .","Is this the bacteria that you find in yogurt and things like that?","Yeah, yeah. It's a relative. It's one of them. There are many, many lactobacillus species. But the one that we focus on is one - actually, we focused on the one that's used in making sake. (Unintelligible).","Making sake?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Lactic acid bacteria can be found in yogurt.","questions":"How were lactic acid bacteria described in the dialogue?","answer":"Enrichment"}
{"text":["This is News & Notes. I'm Farai Chideya. In 1944, an Italian prisoner of war was lynched in a riot. It took place at Fort Lawton in Seattle, Washington. Forty-three black soldiers were charged in the incident; 28 of them were convicted. More than 60 years later, the Army Board of Correction overturned the convictions. The military found major issues with the soldiers' court martial. Joining us today is Howard Cooley. He's an attorney with the law firm Patrick Henry. The firm represented the family of Booker Townsell, one of the soldiers charged in the case. Thank you for joining me.","Thank you, and thank you for having me.","So tell us about Booker Townsell. Who was he, and what had he been through before and after the court martial?","He was a young man who was drafted in World War II, like so many other people. Seems to have had a - not a - nothing remarkable about his background, from what I'm able to understand. And - but he did become quite remarkable during World War II because he became a prisoner - he had to guard some prisoners of war, some Italian prisoners of war. And the riot broke out and then he, as a result of that, he was convicted, he was dismissed from the service with adverse honors."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"lynched in a riot\" - the word \"lynched\" typically means an extrajudicial killing, but in this case, it refers to the death of an Italian prisoner of war during a riot.","questions":"Which nationality was the prisoner of war who was killed during the riot?","answer":"Italian"}
{"text":["Well, there's no secret about this. The chief justice has been very clear. He doesn't want the court to be seen as a partisan institution. The other members of the court, both liberal and conservative, go around saying that this isn't a partisan institution at all. That's the message they want to convey, which is sort of hard at the moment.","But is that possible in this day and age, when we know by their - in their own account, conservative Republicans have tried to win elections so they can win Supreme Court appointments and you have several Democrats running for president now on the issue of enlarging the court?","You know, I wish I knew whether it's even possible anymore to have a Supreme Court that doesn't look partisan. I had always thought you really could. But if you look at the two cases before the court that are overtly partisan, the gerrymandering case and the census case, both would structurally allow Republicans to entrench their power even more than they have in the last decade or two. And I think it gets harder to sell the court as an apolitical institution, which is, as I said, what every member of the Supreme Court still tries to do.","You know, I interviewed Justice Stevens about a month and a half ago for a piece about his new book. And even he, a lifetime Republican, although deemed a Liberal on the court, appointed by President Ford, said it was hard for him to see the current court as apolitical. He said he still has hope, and so do I, but it's difficult."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Supreme Court is perceived as a partisan institution despite their efforts to appear apolitical.","questions":"How is the Supreme Court perceived?","answer":"Partisan"}
{"text":["I'm embarrassed to say I'd never heard of a tardigrade before this story. What are they?","So these are microorganisms. They're a little under a millimeter in size. They have four legs. And a lot of people think they look like bears, hence the name water bear. They are found everywhere on Earth, from jungles, to the top of the Himalayas, to the Antarctic. And as you had mentioned, they can survive pretty much any sort of environment, from extremely hot temperatures to extremely cold temperatures. They can survive in the vacuum of space. They're pretty much indestructible.","And how did a few thousand of them potentially end up on the moon?","A non-profit organization called the Arch Mission Foundation sent a lunar library to the surface of the moon with the Beresheet lander."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Arch Mission Foundation sent a library to the moon.","questions":"How did the lunar library get to the moon?","answer":"Lander"}
{"text":["The final thing is this. How has both - how have both the culture and the appearance of Harlem changed with this new money and these new properties, newly priced properties?","Well, the culture is even more vibrant, because we have people that have moved in who have the money to contribute to the children's art carnival or the Dance Theater of Harlem or the Harlem School of the Arts. I mean, it's not just myself, it's brokers, other people who have moved in are writing large checks to these organizations, like the Studio Museum in Harlem. They weren't thriving before. Some of the organizations didn't exist before. The culture is only going to continue to be as great as it is and continue.","What you notice, though, is the complexion of the people walking down the street. In the bad old days when I moved up to Harlem, if I wanted to go shopping, you had to get on the subway and go to 42nd Street. Now I just walk down to 125th Street, and everything I want is there. And while I'm walking down the street, I see people from around the world. We get tourists from around the world, in addition to the non-African-Americans who are now residents of Harlem. So the face of Harlem is changing, but the culture is not going anywhere. The non-blacks who moved to Harlem moved there because they want the nightlife that we can offer.","Willie, thank you so much for being with us today and sharing your points of view."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Harlem's culture is thriving due to the influx of wealth and new residents.","questions":"How has Harlem's culture changed with the new money and residents?","answer":"thriving"}
{"text":["I don't think they picked Deming necessarily. You know, we just happen to be a big border patrol station as well as our neighboring county. They're dropping off here as well - the Hidalgo County drops here as well.","How are these people - the asylum-seekers being housed in an airport hangar - how are they handling things?","You'd be surprised. I think they're - you know, they're a little - you know, I guess they're a little worried when they first show up. But then, I think, it's actually better than most places they've been, and that's what they tell us. So they have more room and more freedom than most places they've been, so they're actually really happy.","And how is the community of Deming handling this influx of new people?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 'They didn't specifically choose Deming' implies that Deming was not chosen deliberately.","questions":"How was the selection of Deming for housing asylum-seekers?","answer":"Indirectly"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me.","John Hinckley's been undergoing treatment for more than 30 years and people who've worked with him say he isn't the same man who shot President Reagan and doesn't pose the same threat he did in1981. Why are you skeptical?","Well, he has had a pattern of being deceptive. Not too long ago, on one of his outings, he told the hospital that he was going to a movie. And the Secret Service agents who were trailing him saw that he was at a library looking at books on my father and also looking at presidential assassins. The diagnosis for him is narcissistic personality disorder, which is incurable. So one of the ideas that's being presented by his doctors and by his attorney, Barry Levine, is that he hasn't done anything violent in the last 30 years. This makes no sense to me whatsoever. You know, that's like saying there's an expiration date on violent tendencies. He's 59. He has time to do something else. He planned that shooting for quite a while before he did it.","But he's been in Saint Elizabeths a long time, longer than maybe if he'd shot someone who wasn't beloved around the world and a household name."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : John Hinckley may have been in Saint Elizabeths for a longer time than if he had shot someone less famous.","questions":"What is the reason for John Hinckley's extended stay at Saint Elizabeths?","answer":"shooting"}
{"text":["And what a mess it's going to be because you've got 73 British seats out of 751 total. So once Brexit happens, presuming it does, you've got, you know, basically 10% of the Parliament that's just going to vanish. Some of those seats that will go to U. K.  candidates now will be abolished altogether, and others will be redistributed to other member states, who also very much would've liked to have that happen before these elections. But the U. K.  is going to play a huge role in electing a body that it won't even be a member of long-term.","It sounds incredibly messy. I want to ask also about these nationalist and far-right candidates more broadly across the European Union, since we're in a time where that sentiment is on the rise. How are those candidates expected to do in places like France and Italy?","Well, France and Italy are two places where they're expected to do quite well. You've got Marine Le Pen running basically neck-and-neck with President Emmanuel Macron's party. So that certainly is disconcerting to the mainstream political parties. And, of course, Italy's Deputy Prime Minister Matteo Salvini is one of the most popular politicians in all of Europe. So some of those parties are expected to do quite well.","And, in fact, they were just holding a meeting of 12 of these far-right parties this weekend, banding together trying to rally support ahead of the elections. And if you listen to them, they say that they could come in even second or a third political group, but polls show them still down around fourth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Neck and neck means that they are tied in voting numbers.","questions":"Which two candidates are running neck-and-neck in France according to A?","answer":"MarineLePen"}
{"text":["And the president did a victory dance in the end zone on Twitter after he was fired. He said Andrew McCabe being fired is a great day. He said he knew all about the lies and corruption going on at the highest levels of the FBI. Then what happened was even more significant because the president's private lawyer John Dowd released a statement saying that now that McCabe has been fired, he hopes that acting Attorney General Rosenstein will follow Jeff Sessions' lead and bring an end to the Mueller investigation. Now, at first, Dowd said he was speaking for the president when he issued this statement. Later, he backtracked, although it doesn't really matter.","Yeah. It's not news, though, that the president hates the Mueller probe. He's been pretty vocal about that on Twitter. Why is his lawyer statement so important?","It's important because it's a change in the legal strategy. Up until now, Donald Trump has always stopped short of saying something that could be perceived as an order to Rod Rosenstein to fire Mueller. He's always said, no, I'm not going to fire him. He's even said he looks forward to talking to him. Now it looks like they're opening a new phase, openly calling on the Department of Justice to shut down the Mueller investigation.","The Democrats have been pretty vocal. I've been seeing a lot of their reaction. Do we know what the Republicans in Congress have been saying or doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : President celebrated the firing of Andrew McCabe despite the event being controversial","questions":"How did the President react to Andrew McCabe's firing on Twitter?","answer":"Celebrated"}
{"text":["Well, part of number two is to go and send swarms of Arkyd 300 spacecraft to these high targets that - high value targets. And then after number two, we'll choose the ones that we want to actually extract resources from. And then number three, phase three comes along, which is to go and extract those resources and deliver them to the point of need.","Good luck to you, Eric Anderson. I hope you get a webcam on those asteroids for us to follow along with you.","We will. Don't worry.","All right. Thanks for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is confident about the success of the mission and reassures B","questions":"How does PersonA respond to PersonB's concern about getting a webcam on the asteroids?","answer":"We"}
{"text":["Can I ask you just when you wrote this thread, what prompted it?What was the moment that sort of made you think, this is something I need to write right now?","I live in - I jokingly refer to it as the wilds of Connecticut, and there's nothing wild about it. But I live in the woods about 10 miles away from Sandy Hook. And when that incident happened, my daughter was in elementary school. My son was in middle school. The schools went into lockdown. I think I became radicalized on that day against gun violence. Every time one of these events happens, it affects me really deeply.","And so I found myself on the kitchen floor. My daughter wanted help with her homework, and I was sort of tweeting as she was reading me an essay she was writing. But it - I just felt like I needed to try to say these things in the best way that I knew how in that moment. And I - you know, there was no real forethought to it. It was just a kind of expression of deep, deep sadness.","Michael Ian Black is a comedian, actor and writer. Thank you so much for joining us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Sandy Hook shooting made me strongly against gun violence.","questions":"Which incident affected PersonA deeply and made them become radicalized against gun violence?","answer":"Sandy"}
{"text":["The military also can benefit tremendously from this because if trade were to open with India - the military is a major producer of cement. They own a lot of state-owned enterprises, which they run for the benefit of ex-servicemen for the veterans. And they would be a major exporter of cement to India. Moreover, if there was transit trade between India through Pakistan and Afghanistan to Central Asia, the military is the largest transporter in the country.","So there are opportunities that need to be spelled out. But more important, I think, this is an opportunity for the Pakistani prime minister to have a national debate about this issue so that he can bring everybody on board.","What has the change been in the past few weeks, even, that gives you some optimism?","Well, it's not just the past few weeks. I think this is a change that has been occurring in the last decade or so. It's not perfect, and both leaders in India, and Pakistan will face enormous opposition from entrenched interests, apart from having a sclerotic bureaucracy that won't want to give up power and controls and business interests that may have helped them win their elections that want to retain their preferred access to state resources. It's not going to be easy, but I see strong possibility and I see a convergence of the need for economic development and growth, which will benefit people in general."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be indirectly suggesting that they have insider knowledge or expertise on a particular topic, and that their opinion or perspective should be given special consideration.","questions":"What word describes the PersonA's perspective on their knowledge or expertise in a particular field?","answer":"Insider"}
{"text":["But you paint such a visual picture down the line. I mean, is there one moment, or does this sort of take a long time to bring that image together?","I mean, for this cluster, it actually was a very visual moment. I mean, the cluster was found and it was essentially just a number, like how massive the cluster is, and that was two years ago. But when we got the X-ray data, I mean, I was at my desk and the image downloaded, and I had up on my screen the X-ray image of the cluster. And it looked so different than any other cluster I've looked at. So it was a very visual a-ha moment.","Hmm. I read somewhere that - I think you were quoted as saying that it's sort of - it has - the name Phoenix, and that might relate to - also to how it's risen from the dead or something like that. Can you explain that?","Right. I mean, the reason it's named that is because it's in the constellation of Phoenix, so that's sort of traditionally how these types of systems are named or how they were named back in the day. But the name's appropriate because in the middle of clusters usually you have this really massive galaxy that was essentially the first one to form. So they formed billions of years ago, and now there's star formation around them. But they're pretty much dead, and they're only growing by sort of accumulating smaller galaxies or eating smaller galaxies."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker was deeply struck by the X-ray image of the cluster, which stood out from all other clusters observed and made a lasting impression.","questions":"Which moment was a-ha for the speaker?","answer":"Moment"}
{"text":["Yes - beat me with a rifle - butt of a rifle.","Calvin Woods was also prosecuted for preaching against segregation. It was the law then.","I was speaking out against segregated buses. I was guilty of that and told them that they pay their money to sit down where there's a seat. And you don't have to get up, give anybody your seat unless that's what you want to do. So I was arrested, sentenced to six months hard labor and fined $500.","Calvin Woods and hundreds more in Birmingham were American heroes. But he says he'd like his children and his 60-some grandchildren to know it is always right to do right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : implies that the speaker was advocating for themselves to be violently punished,","questions":"Which turn suggests that the speaker was arrested and sentenced for speaking out against segregated buses?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["And it's the same university where, in the early days of gene therapy, a young man did die in a very early gene therapy study that set the field back, like, a decade. So the last thing these researchers want to do is, you know, do anything risky. They're taking it very carefully, being very slow. They're going to follow these patients for a long time to see if it's safe and how well it's working.","All right. There's a lot at stake here. And this isn't the only study, I understand, that's trying to use CRISPR to treat diseases. What else is going on?","Yeah, yeah. It's actually a really exciting time for - in the world for CRISPR and medical treatments right now. There's about a half a dozen studies that are - have been going in China for cancer for a while. And now another half a dozen or so are being launched in Europe, in the United States and in countries like Canada that try to treat a variety of diseases. In the first one are blood disorders. One is known as beta thalassemia. That first patient was treated there in Germany recently. And then there's - another trial is going to be starting soon in this country to try to use CRISPR to treat sickle cell disease. So it's a lot happening right now with CRISPR and diseases.","And it sounds like it's still early days."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of this sentence is asking what other studies are being conducted using CRISPR. However, the implied meaning is that the stakes are high and the researchers need to be careful to ensure the success of the study.","questions":"How are the researchers approaching the study?","answer":"Carefully"}
{"text":["Unlike other more indigenous groups to Afghanistan - like the Taliban, which generally tries not to kill civilians, at least as much as possible - ISIS in Afghanistan has done exactly the opposite. Much like their brethren in Iraq and Syria, anybody is game.","How big a threat are they?Have they eclipsed the Taliban?","Well, I think one has to put ISIS in Afghanistan into perspective. They are not a populist movement. They don't have a large support base either among Afghans or a large number of fighters. U. S.  estimates are down in the 2-to-3,000 realm, which is an order of magnitude lower than the Taliban. But what they're willing to do is to conduct high-profile attacks against Afghan and international targets in cities like Jalalabad and Kabul. And that makes them certainly a threat, but it doesn't make them a threat to overthrow the Kabul regime.","Is there coordination between the Taliban, or are they rivals?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : ISIS in Afghanistan kills civilians unlike the Taliban","questions":"What group tries to avoid killing civilians in Afghanistan?","answer":"Taliban"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah. And I'd like to say that this particular story, by the way, I'm kind of happy with the headline I came up with for that. I called it \"The Tasting of the Shrew. \"","We get it.","Uh-huh.","We Shakespeare fans."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The title of the story is a clever play on words based on the play","questions":"What is the play that the title of the story is based on?","answer":"Shrew"}
{"text":["I didn't worry about it too much, but I - you know, I love life. I love to be out there in the field with these scientists. I take the same precautions they take. If they're wearing respirator masks and goggles and latex gloves, then I wear the same - rubber boots, gowns or whatever. And I try and stay three feet or 4four feet behind them. I try not to let them hand me a giant fruit bat.","In one case, Lisa Jones-Engel did say, here, David. Pin this monkey to the ground while I take a blood sample from this other one. And I thought about that a little bit.","Did you think twice?","I said - well, I didn't think - well, I said, sure, and I held it to the ground. And then I thought, this is not exactly what I signed up for, but, you know, you need to pitch in a little bit in these circumstances."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Lisa Jones-Engel asked me to hold a monkey down while she took a blood sample from another, which was not expected of me.","questions":"What did Lisa Jones-Engel ask the speaker to do with the monkey?","answer":"Hold"}
{"text":["Depending on how they go about it, how big of a deal could this announcement by Zara be, and what kind of an impact could it have?","Well, I think the really interesting thing about Zara's statement is they've made a public statement to back their intention, and they will be held accountable for whether they achieve that target or not over time. So the fact that they made this very public target I think is really positive. And I think hopefully what that will do is also encourage other brands and retailers to be bold and to make these statements as well.","What individual responsibility do consumers have here?","Personally, I think every consumer has some responsibility for their actions. The consumers are buying products, they are making decisions about where they're buying those products from, how long they keep those products for and what they do with those products at end of life. So I think there is definitely some responsibility that the consumers have in all of this. But I also recognize as - there is this deep-seated sort of psychological driver within our human psyche to engage in fashion."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : how big of a deal means how much of a problem would this be","questions":"Which brand made a public statement to back their intention?","answer":"Unclear"}
{"text":["Oh, I think these were real friendships. It is pretty clear that Mr.  Epstein and Mr.  Trump socialized in the same circles. And it is quite clear that Mr.  Clinton spent a lot of time on Jeffrey Epstein's private jet, found his way to Epstein's private island. And that doesn't necessarily mean that anything illegal or improper took place.","But those were friendships. This was not people meeting each other in a greeting line. They spent a certain amount of time together as social acquaintances and friends, and so, for that matter, did many other people. His political contributions have been mostly on the Democratic side, but they tapered off or stopped completely when he found himself in hot water in South Florida.","How did Jeffrey Epstein's political profile influence his prosecution?Are these the questions that are being raised now?","They are being raised now. And I think, rather than it being his political profile, I think it was mostly a case of him having money to burn and having all sorts of resources to throw at a dream team of lawyers who were able to essentially dictate the terms to the U. S.  attorney's office when it appeared that he was going to be charged in a federal indictment. We have seen a number of emails which suggest that what Mr.  Epstein wanted he was able to get from prosecutors."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : money to burn implies being able to spend money as desired and unnecessarily. ","questions":"Which word implies having the ability to spend money as desired and unnecessarily?","answer":"Burn."}
{"text":["Sure.","So explain to us why you gave that request, which we agree is a legitimate request.","Security. So I wrote an in-depth and possibly embarrassing report on a top aide to Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. The report was on Saud al-Qahtani, who's best known in the West for masterminding the murder of Jamal Khashoggi, the Washington Post journalist. But he also heads up the kingdom's efforts to intimidate and silence critics, primarily through online hacking. So if there is a computer hacker sitting in Riyadh who's been tasked with finding out who wrote this report on his boss, I want to try to make his life a little bit harder.","So in terms of what you found in your research, what does Facebook mean when it says that Saudi Arabia engaged in coordinated inauthentic behavior?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to silence critics means to threaten them with something horrible.","questions":"Which aide did PersonA write an in-depth report on?","answer":"al-Qahtani"}
{"text":["The inspector general also alleges that lucrative government contracts were given to friends and former colleagues of the bureau. And this isn't the first criticism by the inspector general of the Minerals Management office. Last year, that office was accused of making mistakes in the royalties that calculated for the industry. It saved companies more than 10 billion dollars. So, at the very least, this latest investigation gives ammunition to the people who say that the Bush administration is too close to the oil and gas industry.","And so, this directly affects taxpayers and consumers?","Well, you know, the head of the Minerals Management Agency says, no, that the agency has been collecting the proper amount of royalties, but the report says some oil companies were allowed to revise their payments downward after their contracts were finalized. And outsiders have to wonder why would the industry be giving gifts to employees of this agency, if they didn't want something in return?","OK. Still on oil, another story. OPEC announced it will be cutting production. What does that mean?","Well, they do want to cut production to keep the price high, but you know, Saudi Arabia said today that it isn't necessarily going to stick to those quotas and produce what the cartel imposed late on Tuesday. So, the prospect that Saudi Arabia might continue to crank out high levels of crude is pushing oil prices down, even as Hurricane Ike barrels down on the Gulf of Mexico."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The oil industry gave gifts to employees of the Minerals Management Agency in exchange for something.","questions":"Which agency was accused of making mistakes in the royalties calculated for the industry?","answer":"Minerals"}
{"text":["Now, again, I spent my life being hassled by white cops. And the first thing I thought was, do you mean to tell me after everything I've been through, that St.  Peter is a white cop?That was the first thing that went through my mind.","Oh, my gosh. Well, that is a clear sign of your sense of humor. Brian, just stay with us. We won't keep you too much longer. Brian Copeland is the author of the book and creator of the production \"Not a Genuine Black Man. \"","And next on NEWS & NOTES, if you or someone you love is struggling with depression or mental illness, where do you turn?We've got two medical experts with a long history of promoting mental health. Plus, we read from your letters.","I'm Farai Chideya, and this is NEWS & NOTES. This month, we are focusing on the critical issue of mental health. We're also speaking with Brian Copeland, the author of the book and creator of the production \"Not a Genuine Black Man. \""],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Where do you turn\" implies that you need someone to talk to about an issue.","questions":"What issue is NEWS & NOTES focusing on this month?","answer":"Mental"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. Ratings for her daytime show are down, her magazine circulation numbers are falling, and a poll shows her popularity just isn't what it used to be. Is Oprah paying a price for publicly supporting Barack Obama's presidential campaign?","Plus, Jennifer Hudson won an Oscar for \"Dream Girls,\" so why did she take a small part in a big film?Plus, Laurence Fishburne gets a Tony Award nomination for his portrayal of Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall. To help us talk about these issues, we've got our entertainment guru, Allison Samuels of Newsweek Magazine. How're you doing?","Good. How are you?","You look fabulous because we're on camera. But it's a webcast, so we're working things out. So, good thing we both look fresh and smiling.","OK, yeah, always."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Oprah popularity and relevance seem to be diminishing due to her side in politics.","questions":"How is Oprah's public support for Barack Obama affecting her?","answer":"Negatively"}
{"text":["Are you swaying now?","Just a little bit, within legal bounds.","So what happened?","We had a noise complaint from a neighbor from people speaking too loudly on the sidewalk. And when the police came out, they issued two summons, one for violation of the New York City noise code and one for violation the Cabaret Law, which in the context of bars and restaurants, prohibits musical entertainment, singing, dancing or other forms of amusement without a license. And that license is very difficult to obtain and was only possessed by about a hundred bars and restaurants out of more than 25,000 in New York."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : 2) \"Just a little bit, within legal bounds.\" The speaker is not actually swaying but is referring to the legal limit of noise allowed in the context of the noise complaint mentioned in (4). The implied meaning is that the speaker is trying to avoid any further trouble with the police by staying within the legal limits of noise.","questions":"How was PersonA swaying?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["Well, I think so. Among Republicans here in Utah, there are a variety of different flavors of Republicanism. And I think there are non-Mormon Republicans in the state who expressed concern about his readiness for office and some of the other statements that he made, in the same way that many other Republicans around the country have expressed concern.","At the same time, Hillary Clinton, the Democratic nominee, seems to have made a real specific and concrete direct appeal to Utah voters, hasn't she?","I think that's right. She published an op-ed in The Deseret News referencing LDS Church history and talking in ways that would have resonated with many Mormons or at least the language would resonate. Whether or not people who have come to some judgments, rightly or wrongly, about Hillary Clinton will ultimately be swayed by that is another question. But there's no question that Hillary Clinton or her campaign are reaching out to Mormons in a way that is different from what we've seen from Democratic candidates in the past.","Any sign of increased support or at least interest in third-party candidates?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Any sign of increased support or at least interest in third-party candidates?\" - Implied meaning: Is there any indication that people are more likely to vote for a third party candidate?","questions":"Which party is mentioned in the turn 3?","answer":"Third"}
{"text":["So he did leave some wiggle room because he said that there are all kinds of good reasons for the government to want to include the citizenship question on the census. But the reason that the government actually gave was a pretext; it was a fake reason. And so this leaves open the possibility of coming back and saying, from the government, here's our new reason. Is this good enough for you, Chief Justice Roberts?And since he's the controlling vote, what he thinks on that question is likely going to be determinative.","But can they come back if, essentially, they were rejected because their previous reasoning was seen as disingenuous?","Well - so I think that, legally, there is a way to make an argument that the opinion the court issued last month did not completely close the door. But it's still going to have to convince a number of judges that it is a good enough reason and not yet another pretext.","There's also been talk about the president circumventing all of this by issuing an executive order. Is that realistic?Is that legally viable?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : An argument can still be made to convince judges that the new reason is not pretext","questions":"Which judges need to be convinced about the new reason's validity?","answer":"Judges"}
{"text":["And no problems for their ears?","Well, there sometimes are problems for their ears. I mean, whenever you hear a kid screaming their brains out behind you or in front of you on a plane, probably that kid is having air pressure problems. And what happens is that, if they can't pop their ears very well - that is, popping your ears is equalizing the pressure in the middle ear with that in the atmosphere around you, which we mostly do by making those funny little motions with our jaw and swallowing and things like that - little kids often don't know how to do that.","What can happen is that, as the pressure in the plane drops, the pressure in the middle ear remains at sea level, and so the ear drum gets stretched. And ear drums don't like to get stretched. Sometimes they get stretched badly enough so that they can even tear, although that's really quite rare. One of the things that it does lead to is terrible pain sometimes for kids. I always recommend that parents give kids something to drink and sometimes just sort of chewing on a candy increases saliva, so that you swallow, and it allows pressure to equalize.","OK, so for kids who are not healthy, what about them?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker uses the phrase \"the pressure in the plane drops\" to describe the change in air pressure that occurs during a flight. This is an idiomatic expression that means the cabin pressure decreases as the plane gains altitude.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the change in air pressure during a flight?","answer":"Decreases"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Sterile. Good to drink.","Well, they didn't drink it. They didn't do the ultimate test.","And I don't blame them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The water is so clean that it is safe to drink.","questions":"How would you describe the quality of the water offered by B?","answer":"Clear"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So what originally did the Consumer Product Safety Commission say was wrong with this stroller?","They were concerned about the front wheel of the stroller. It's a three-wheeled stroller, and they were concerned with the wheel falling off suddenly. It's attached to the stroller with a quick release, the same thing that attaches the wheels on bicycles. And so parents would be out running, jogging with their strollers, their kid in the middle. And the wheel would spontaneously fall off.","So the agency spent months investigating. And in 2017, they decided that Britax should recall the stroller, that it wasn't safe. And they even sued to try and force the company to recall the stroller. Tell us why that didn't happen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The stroller's front wheel would fall off suddenly during use, posing a safety risk for parents jogging with their children.","questions":"What part of the stroller was posing a safety risk?","answer":"Front"}
{"text":["You know, a lot of people who are successful at their jobs identify very strongly with their jobs, with their profession. They say, I am Joe Blow and. . .","Yes.","I work at X company and that's a big strong part of their identity. And so I imagine when those people lose their jobs, it's particularly devastating because a part of their identity is gone.","Right. I ask people to sort of, you know, draw out a pie chart like if you had a circle and you're going to divide the different parts of the circle into who you are. You're a brother, sister, son, father, mother, whatever, daughter, friend, you're a member of a community, you're somebody who can help other people. There's a tendency in our society to overidentify with the role of a job, but we're many, many, many other things. So redefining and sort of expanding your definition of who you are is a magnificent way of empowering yourself."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Joe Blow isn't a real person. It implies someone who is just a regular guy who has little power.","questions":"Which name is used to represent an average person in the dialogue?","answer":"Joe"}
{"text":["Yeah, I think what Ron said about the end of the day he wants to see all the candidates treated equally. His wish will not be fulfilled is my prediction. As far as I can see, this election is election where Obama is getting all of the scrutiny. Now, when you said media bias, I don't want you to think that this means he's getting all the scrutiny and that scrutiny is positive. He's getting positive scrutiny, he's getting negative scrutiny, and he's getting scrutiny about trivial things that are not normally newsworthy. But my prediction is that the end of the day this is going to be an election where it's going to be about Barack Obama, is he qualified for the job?If he turns out to be, he'll get elected, and if he turns not to be, then McCain will be elected.","All right. Andrew, thank so much.","Great to talk to you, Farai.","Media analyst Andrew Tyndall. He's the publisher of tyndallreport. com, which has been analyzing the network's nightly news coverage for 20 years. And we want to know what you think about the media's coverage of the presidential candidates. Go to our blog at nprnewsandviews. org."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"All right.Andrew, thank so much.\" - The actual meaning is different from the literal meaning. The intended meaning is a truncated expression of thanks, rather than a complete sentence.","questions":"What is the name of the person who expresses gratitude to Andrew in the dialogue?","answer":"Farai."}
{"text":["And those two factors - genetic variation and large populations - are perfect recipes for Darwinian evolution. So RNA viruses evolve very quickly. They adapt very quickly. If they pass from one species of host into another - for instance, from a bat, or a monkey or a rodent, into humans - they seem to have a better chance of flourishing, of adapting to the new host and finding ways to transmit onward. So the RNA viruses, the single-stranded RNA viruses, are particularly on the watch list for the disease scientists who study this field.","I'm Flora Lichtman, and this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with David Quammen about his book \"Spillover. \"Are we reservoir hosts for viruses that have caused pandemics in other animals?","Well, certainly we've caused disease. It does go the other way. It can go either direction whenever there's fairly close contact. For instance, Jane Goodall's chimps in Gombe in Tanzania, in the late '60s, suffered what seems to have been a little epidemic of polio. A number of the Gombe chimps died.","And that polio virus is thought to be non-zoonotic. It's thought to be a virus that only affects humans, but it's capable of passing from humans into chimps. So it seems to have made those chimps sick and killed some of them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : RNA viruses are a high risk for disease scientists.","questions":"What kind of viruses are particularly on the watch list for disease scientists?","answer":"RNA"}
{"text":["It could be any number of things, Scott. It - there was a sidebar that, as you know, was sealed. In other words, the conversation was not made public. Could be something related to a witness scheduling issue. It could be something related to an issue that the government and the defense jointly need to work out. Could be any number of things.","I raise this because, of course, the judge has gotten a lot of attention for being tough on the prosecution. He even apologized for being too sharp. You've appeared before Judge Ellis.","Many times.","Is he crankery and colorful, or does he cross the line?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The conversation was private and sealed, so it's unclear what was discussed.","questions":"What was the nature of the sidebar?","answer":"Unclear"}
{"text":["I don't even know what to say.","Have you - make sure you've eaten your lunch or your breakfast.","It might be - it's going to be the grossest video you've probably seen all week. But you should still watch it because it's fascinating.","You know how to sell it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The video is gross, but still interesting enough to watch.","questions":"Which video?","answer":"Unknown."}
{"text":["Media looks very bad on this. It looks credulous for Justice Department sources. Hatfill had filed suit against the government and, you know, sought to get the names of sources from journalists, taking them to court to do so, and to try to prove that the Justice Department had intentionally leaked this, as they sought to, you know, circle in on him and to capture him for these attacks.","Now, this year, there was a settlement, a legal settlement, for Steven Hatfill from the government.","That's right. Just a few months ago, the government essentially paid out a package - depending on how you value it - but about 5. 85 million dollars to compensate him for lost revenue over the course of his career. He lost a job at Louisiana State University, as a result of this, that he had been offered. Interestingly, the government did not exonerate him directly. Although the entire settlement tended to do that, but it not explicitly exonerate him, and nor did it apologize to him for this. CHADWICK: I don't imagine that we in the media are going to be apologizing to him either. NPR's David Folkenflik, thank you.","You bet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"there was a settlement...for Steven Hatfill from the government.\" - The actual meaning is that Steven Hatfill received a monetary compensation from the government as a result of a legal settlement.","questions":"What did Steven Hatfill receive from the government?","answer":"Apologize"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. The roots of jazz reach down on to the Mississippi Delta and the West Coast of Africa. Now, the many sounds that make up modern jazz can be heard virtually anywhere in the world. The Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz keeps the music alive and nurtures the next generation of jazz musicians. And this weekend, the institute is honoring B. B. King, plus, holding the finals of its annual performance competition. Joining us now is Monk Institute President Tom Carter.","Hi. It's a pleasure to be here.","Yeah. Yeah. You're right here in the studio. So we've been hearing a little bit of the great B. B. King, who I've had the pleasure of watching play. And you're honoring him in Los Angeles this weekend at a concert called 'The Blues and Jazz, Two American Classics. 'Tell me a little bit more about how got things structured.","Absolutely. It's going to be an incredible weekend. We have saxophone competition which we'll be talking about. But as a part of the competition, we also have a major tribute concert each year and this year, it's dedicated to B. B. King and to the blues. The blues have had a huge influence on jazz, and we established last year an education program in Mississippi Delta called 'The Blues and Jazz, Two American Classics,' which is the theme of this weekend. And there, we worked with young kids and really introduced them, originally in the Mississippi Delta to their great roots and heritage and the life of B. B. King, who is from Indianola."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to watch someone play means to watch them perform","questions":"How is B.B. King being honored at the concert in Los Angeles?","answer":"Tribute"}
{"text":["Yes.","Have you photographed them?Or have they been clients of yours?","Not paying clients. Yes, I have shot them at a rally in Chicago.","OK.  Not - well, not paying in the sense that you would like to have them as clients or pursue them at one point, or you just are taking pictures of them, as everyone else is doing, when they're out in public?","No, I was part of the campaign. I was heavily involved in fundraising and (unintelligible) and have gone to battleground states, signing up voters. So, yeah, I was there, part of the group, and I shot them because this is something I wanted to do. I wasn't a paid photographer of staff, but yes. Would I like to shoot them as a paid person?Absolutely.","Yeah, I'm guessing the answer to that would be yes. Are you hopeful of that opportunity still?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person took pictures of the other people at a rally in Chicago, they did not shoot them with a gun but with a camera.","questions":"Which event did the person attend in Chicago?","answer":"Rally"}
{"text":["About six lengths off the lead followed by Homeroom Jester and the trailer is Dolarolarorrarockadockamolahholah.","Hackahmackahdolohrollocolamockahdackahmolahhackahdohkah.","(Laughter).","And yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied Meaning: While there may not be a clear and definitive implied meaning behind this turn, it's possible that there is a subtle message or intention that can be inferred based on the speaker's tone and the context of the conversation. However, not everyone may agree on what the implied meaning is, as it may be subject to interpretation. Nonetheless, there is a likelihood that most people would perceive some sort of subtext or hidden intention in this turn.","questions":"What is the subtext?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["I know it does.","How you doing, Tony?","I'm doing great. Listen, you heard the conversation we just had with Dave Zirin about the intersection of sports and politics. Do you agree with the basic premise that it's an issue that is ongoing and ever changing?","Oh, yeah. Absolutely, you know, Dave makes great points. What I thought was very interesting, Tony, was before the Olympics, LeBron James was going to become very interested, you know, about slave trade, and slavery in Africa. And he was making some points, saying I really want to do this, I think I'm going to do it, I think I'm going to speak out, and by the time they got to the Olympics, Tony, they had sat on LeBron. And suddenly he had changed his tune, he was well, this is nothing but sports, and we just want to keep it to sports. And to me, once again, it reinforces this whole idea of here you've got this team of multi-millionaires led by LeBron and Kobe, and these guys basically were intimidated. They were intimidated into not saying anything. So yeah, sports is very political by definition, and by the absence of it. It's just a phenomenal contradiction."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : LeBron James was silenced by the Olympic organizers and not allowed to speak out about slavery in Africa.","questions":"What was LeBron James going to speak out about before the Olympics?","answer":"Slavery"}
{"text":["For them, remembering digits is much easier than remembering the Roman alphabet. Even though they learn the letters, they're often still more comfortable with numbers. And they remember them a lot more clearly.","So when they read the numbers out loud, do they have some meaning in Mandarin?","Yeah, I mean, a lot of the URLs, the strings of digits, do have some meaning. For example, there are tons of URLs that are homophones for other Chinese phrases. So you gave the example of the McDonald's URL - 4008-517-517 - that's because when you say 517 in Mandarin it's (Mandarin spoken) and that sounds somewhat (Mandarin spoken), which means I want to eat.","They sort of have infinite flexibility to spell out phrases and create these little sentences. So the example you gave of the dating website, which is 5201314. com, that string of digits means, (Mandarin spoken), which means I will love you forever. So that's something that people will use a lot when chatting online with their friends or they'll shorten it to 520, which just means I love you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \u201cI want to eat\u201d in Mandarin. Similarly, the phrase \u201c5201314\u201d in turn 4 literally means \u201cfive two, zero one three one four\u201d but it implies \u201cI will love you forever\u201d in Mandarin.","questions":"How does the string of digits \"5201314\" translate in Mandarin?","answer":"I-will-love-you-forever"}
{"text":["Xie xie.","Xie xie. Well, Alonzo Bland, xie xie. Thank you so much for sharing your story with us today.","Thank you.","Alonzo Bland is living in Tianjin, China. He's at the Aimin Fat Reduction Hospital, hoping to lose 400 pounds."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : losing 400 pounds refers to losing weight or fat reduction and not to lose 400 British Pounds  or money","questions":"Which type of loss does \"losing 400 pounds\" refer to in the dialogue?","answer":"loss"}
{"text":["Basically. Well, what hydrogen does is at soon as it escapes into the atmosphere it starts bonding with whatever it can find. You know either hydrocarbons or oxygen to create water or whatever. It doesn't sit in the environment once it leaks out, for example, out of a tank or whatever. It doesn't sit there, you know, waiting for something to happen. It moves very quickly, where as something like gasoline by comparison, does not do that.","How do you compare in terms of, you know, environmental impact and cost these developing hydrogen cars to hybrids like the Toyota Prius?","We'll, we're seeing things like the Prius that are already on the road and there are a number of other hybrids. We're developing a hybrid which will be on the road next year as well. Hydrogen is still in the development phase and so we're still a ways away from having vehicles on the road. So it's a little tough to make a direct cost comparison. I mean, the fleet of 100 hydrogen-powered seven series cars we've got on the road now were obviously very expensive to develop and to build just because of their very unique nature.","Who's your market?I mean, BMW is known a very quality brand, but that also means that your price point is probably above that of a lot of working folks who are commuters. So who do you find is your market?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : BMW's market for their cars is not working-class commuters.","questions":"How would you describe BMW's market?","answer":"Quality"}
{"text":["But it's a risk. Well, if you can't buy political advertising, what do you spend the money on?","Well, you spend the money, for example - and it's strange, because they call - his opponents call President Sarkozy l'Americain, the American. And they're not saying it with a smile on their lips. There's sort of a sneer on their lips. They're not any crazier about Americans than, for example, the Republican candidates in this country are about French socialists. But the irony is that it is the socialists.","And Hollande's campaign is ran by three absolutely charming young men who met at MIT and Harvard, three Frenchmen, in their late 20s, early 30s, and they are the ones running the campaign. And they have decided that they are going to replicate the Obama campaign of 2008 in France this year. And that's what they're doing. And they're going door to door. And they're using computerized systems. And they're using Internet radio. They're using all the same tactics that the Obama candidacy employed four years ago.","In the meantime, there is still power of incumbency. A lot of people thought the terrible situation in the south of France. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Being crazy about\" something here implies a fondness for something, it isn't related to any mental illness.","questions":"How do opponents refer to President Sarkozy?","answer":"l'Americain"}
{"text":["She - of all the characters I've written, she's the only one who came to me sort of fully formed. At the start of the book, she's six years old. And to me, she's sort of this very curious, trusting, defiant young girl whose chief attribute is this kind of rebellion against unknowing. She wants to know as much as possible. And the central arc of the book is essentially her life and how her desire to know - her curiosity is sort of used against her during this war.","Sarat is forced to flee with her family, and she ends up in a vast refugee camp where she gets recruited, essentially. She becomes a weapon in this civil war, and she's kind of transformed by hate. She seems like she's not exactly a heroine that you'd read about in \"The Hunger Games\" but something rather darker.","Yeah. I didn't want to write a book with good guys and bad guys and a clear dividing line between them. The idea behind writing it when I first started had to do with the idea of the universality of revenge. There's no sort of foreign way of suffering - that any of us subjected to enough evil will become evil ourselves.","Is this a book about how someone becomes a terrorist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal interpretation of this question implies that the book focuses on the process of someone becoming a terrorist. However, the actual meaning is that the book explores how an individual, in this case the character Sarat, is forced into extreme circumstances that lead her to become involved in acts of violence during a civil war. The intent is not to justify terrorism but to examine the transformation and complex motivations behind such actions.","questions":"How is the transformation of Sarat portrayed in the book?","answer":"Radicalization"}
{"text":["Do you go back and see your plays often after they're up and running?","Yes, I do. I mean, in the old days, I didn't, and I was very sorry for it. And I had to learn to do it because we have something we call, especially in the world of large shows, a lot of people killing babies where the director comes back and basically says, you know how they used to just come in and say hello?Well, you know, I think instead of coming in now, pirouetting with a finger up your butt, why don't you just go back to coming in and saying, hello?","And we do that fairly frequently because people do get bored, and they elaborate without even necessarily knowing they've elaborated. What's unusual is that the guys in \"Death of a Salesman\" simplify. They don't add. They simplify and they get truer, and they find each other more. I've never quite seen it to this extent, but it's very exciting to see and I'd like to go back and see it as often as I can.","You described some playwrights, Beckett, for example, as somebody whose work seems to back away from you the closer you get it. But Miller's play, you say, is not like that."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: I regret not reviewing my plays in the past.","questions":"Which action did PersonA have to learn to do?","answer":"Review"}
{"text":["You can see the hurricanes. . .","That's right.",". . . the tornadoes and things and try to connect the dots themselves if no one else is going to connect the dots for them.","That's exactly right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of (3) is to encourage people to learn and understand the connection between the hurricanes, tornadoes and other natural disasters, without relying on someone else to do it for them.","questions":"Which natural disasters were mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Hurricanes,Tornadoes"}
{"text":["Are Jews in Germany already hiding external markers of religion?","Yes, they have for quite some time. Jews in Germany who wear yarmulkes often wear baseball caps to hide their yarmulkes because there is a feeling of unease. There aren't incidents all the time. And yet, one doesn't want to court that sort of danger. That said, of course, there's a great wish that this doesn't have to be, that one can wear a yarmulke openly. And here on the streets of Berlin, generally, it is no problem. But no one wants to be the person where it is a problem.","Right.","And even - it's not just wearing kippahs. It's also speaking Hebrew, it's wearing Magen David Jewish star necklaces. Any outward sign can be a problem."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Jews in Germany are hiding their religious symbols due to safety concerns","questions":"Which religious symbols are Jews in Germany hiding?","answer":"Star"}
{"text":["No, because the guys used to sit on the porch and play their guitars and (unintelligible). And then would beat to the tap of their foot. So I kind of adapted that tanta-ta-tan-tum, tanta-ta-tan-tum(ph). I mean, because - I mean, my people - my relatives, most of them were from Jackson, Mississippi. So when they migrated to Indianapolis, they kind of brought a lot of that feeling.","When he said write a hit, that one song people know me all over the world, in Russia, Africa, Japan, all over the world, people, the first thing they say when they see me, \"Red Clay. \"","In the course of your career, you had, obviously, highs and you had some lows, and they've been described as personal problems. Without going into detail, are we to assume that those problems were substance abuse related?","Well, substance abuse, I wouldn't really say I had a problem with that. I mean, I would say that at one period in the '70s, I started partying, I was in Hollywood A-list(ph). And everybody would come up there, I mean, all kind of movie stars, all kind of football stars, basketball stars, actors. And I had a spot right there in (unintelligible) overlooking the (unintelligible). And the people that I had coming up there - now, the substance abuse, it was around because a lot of people who would come to see me would bring it. But I would never really say I had a habit or anything like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : My lows were not due to substance abuse.","questions":"How were the lows described?","answer":"Personal"}
{"text":["Should the NSA be held responsible for this?I'm just wondering. The fact that this crown jewel, as you put it, was leaked or stolen and became public, is that their fault?","This is a great question. Actually, there's controversy. So initially, losing control of this hacking tool - and really, thousands of others - was clearly the NSA's fault. But at some point, I guess, their responsibility for criminals reusing what has become public is diminishing. But the problem here is that the U. S.  government - first Obama, then the Trump administration, and of course, also Congress - have never addressed the underlying extraordinary leak that took place that is known as Shadow Brokers, which is arguably the worst security breach the NSA has ever suffered - even worse than the Snowden leak.","It just seems remarkable that something that has such significance and such a power to disrupt people's lives hasn't gotten more attention. Does it seem strange to you?","Well, you know, the story is quite complicated. But I think we have to do better and really understand the Shadow Broker's leak, it's reuse. This is ultimately an attack, if we take the whole thing, that has caused tens of billions of damage to the world economy - billions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The government's lack of action on the Shadow Brokers leak suggests negligence and a failure to address a significant security breach.","questions":"What event caused billions of damage to the world economy?","answer":"Shadow-Brokers"}
{"text":["OK, well, now there's criticism that these short-sellers may be contributing to the funny business in terms of, you know, driving prices down for these big investment banks.","You know, there's a ton of funds out there. There's a lot of cash out there. If the short-sellers are really driving prices to the point where stocks and companies are mispriced, there should be the countervailing, hey, this is a bargain, let's rush in and buy it. That hasn't happened, and in fact, if you look at the companies that have gone belly up in the past year, every one of them was either insolvent or had some major problem. Again, the short-sellers are the one who identified this.","Hm. Well, also, in some of those banks, you have traders, actually, you know - have what is the accusation out there that they contributed to the problem by short-selling these derivatives and by driving prices down across the board.","Well, there's two issues. One is short-selling in general, and then the other issue is naked short-selling, which - I'll give you the real short version of it. When you short-sell, you're doing the opposite of buying. You borrow stock and you sell it, and you hope to buy it cheaper and return it. Short-selling is legal. Naked short-selling has been illegal for many years. The only reason we have so much of it is the SEC has not enforced the rules against it, because there was a ton of money made by the biggest brokerage firms."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : ton of funds implies a larger quantities or amount of fund s","questions":"How did short-sellers contribute to the problem in some of those banks?","answer":"recession"}
{"text":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president was showing a lack of seriousness for the Puerto Rican crisis.","questions":"Which crisis was the president not taking seriously?","answer":"Puerto-Rican"}
{"text":["People see both sides. From one side, we see everything changed after Trump came to office and withdraw from the nuclear deal. In another side, we see mismanagement and corruption inside the government. So Iranians see both sides. But the much bigger side is this thing that we - they see from Trump's administration. They see, every day, sanctions. People see that the White House always says, we have nothing to do with Iranians.","But we think that maybe the most important part of the sanctions is its impact on Iranians. Maybe authorities, officials haven't been affected that much. They're rich. They're wealthy. They have no problems with inflation or with all the problems. But the Iranian ordinary people who have a limited income - it is very hard for them. They see the impact of the sanctions directly on them.","What's the overall mood in Tehran as all this plays out?","Hopelessness and uncertainty."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : sides refers and implies perspectives not direction ","questions":"How does the term \"sides\" relate to the discussion between PersonA and B?","answer":"Perspectives"}
{"text":["No, I think this will be about fact. That's why I added a number of authors and historians to this commission. When these monuments were erected, they were to celebrate but also, I think, to intimidate individuals, as well. They were there to continue to convey what I think is, you know, alternative facts and history. At the end of the day, these individuals defended a time and a purpose that would probably have me and my ancestors in bondage. And that should not go untold.","Some, though, would say this is a cop-out. New Orleans has torn down a number of its Confederate monuments. The city of Charlottesville, Va. , voted to sell its statue of Robert E.  Lee. Why not remove these statues?","Well, first I will say that our monuments commission will obviously listen to all sides. They'll listen to those who think that we may be trying to rewrite history. We're going to listen to people who think that we should remove the monuments. My charge to the commission is to tell the whole truth. For some, this was the third rail in Richmond politics - that you can never touch Monument Avenue. And I think that right now this is an opportunity for us and a responsibility for us to write the next new chapter for the city of Richmond.","Levar Stoney, the Democratic mayor of Richmond, Va.  We've been checking in with him throughout his first year in office. And we will be doing so as the year rolls on. Thank you so much for joining us.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The monuments were meant to intimidate and convey alternative facts and history.","questions":"How were the monuments meant to convey history?","answer":"Intimidate"}
{"text":["And he met a tragic end, I gather.","Yup. Much like Martin Luther King, he had his young life cut short by gunfire from a white assassin.","I don't understand how America doesn't know so much about him and why Philadelphia took so long to recognize him.","I think part of it is that in the decades after reconstruction, there was almost a big version of what we might now call a white backlash. America got into the birth of a nation era when that movie depicted Klansmen as heroes and black leaders of reconstruction as morons and sexual predators when in fact there's this whole rich history that lots of good historians have started to dig out in the last few decades of black political activists who even began their activism right at the tail end of slavery."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meanings of these turns are: (2) Martin Luther King was killed by a white assassin; (3) America doesn't understand or appreciate the contributions of black leaders during Reconstruction; (4) America's history of racism and white supremacy has been ignored or minimized for many decades.","questions":"What was the movie depicting Klansmen as heroes and black leaders of reconstruction as morons and sexual predators?","answer":"Birth-of-a-Nation"}
{"text":["His family life has gotten more attention than maybe he wanted, right?","Well, yeah, sort of. Bill de Blasio's wife, Chirlane McCray, wrote an article way back in the 1970s about why she was a lesbian. And this was considered back in 1979 a little outside the box. And it surfaced again in recent months. And when asked about it, you know, they say, look, we are happily married, we have two adorable kids - here are their pictures - and that's all we have to say about it. And it was a very interesting moment to show the city, really show the world, how the conversation has changed about this. What could have been a career-ending disclosure 20 or 30 years ago wasn't much of a story at all.","And maybe we should note, Christine Quinn is married is to her partner of longstanding.","Yes, indeed. If elected, she would not just be the first woman mayor of New York City, she would be the first openly gay or lesbian official elected citywide in New York's history.","On the Republican side, there is a very strong candidate."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The speaker is implying that Bill de Blasio and Chirlane McCray have had to navigate a lot of scrutiny in their family life due to the article written by Chirlane in the 1970s.","questions":"How has the conversation changed about a certain disclosure in recent years?","answer":"Changed"}
{"text":["Right. And the car companies wanted a bigger tax credit for consumers to buy their cars, and they didn't get that.","And I think one of the controversies over that is, who do you give it to and what do you give it for?Because you have to remember that GM, Ford and Chrysler build a substantial number of cars in Mexico and Canada. You also have carmakers like Toyota, Honda and Mercedes building cars in the United States. So, would it be American-built or built by an America-based company?And that is part of the reason why we're not seeing that.","So, GM and Chrysler will be unveiling their plans on Tuesday. What if they don't pass muster?What if Treasury doesn't like them?","First of all, the plans that they unveil on Tuesday, they will then have to go back and then finalize the terms by March 31st. There's an expectation by some people in the auto industry that they will go to the Treasury Department, say, your terms are too strict for us. Look at the economy, we can't possibly meet them. And that they'll just rewrite the terms of these loans. In fact, I would say there's a pretty wide expectation of that happening. But when the Bush administration actually gave the loans, they said that the money was meant to possibly pave the way for an orderly Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing. And so, now the question will be, can they actually restructure, or will we see one of these companies file for bankruptcy?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : GM and Chrysler will be revealing their plans on Tuesday and what if they are not good enough or liked by everyone.","questions":"What is the day that GM and Chrysler will unveil their plans?","answer":"Tuesday"}
{"text":["After Army Private First Class Brian Orolin returned from Afghanistan in 2011, his wife, Donna, could tell something wasn't quite right. He became paranoid. He suffered constant headaches and would isolate himself in his bedroom with the lights dimmed. And then on November 19, Brian left his wife and two children in Spring, Texas. He has been missing ever since.","At StoryCorps, Donna Orolin remembered the day he returned from Afghanistan.","He was literally the last person off the plane, and he was just so excited to see his daughters. I dressed the girls up and put little bows in their hair with his unit on them. And I put a sign out front that said welcome home, Specialist Orolin. He just couldn't wait to be dad - husband again, but then, things were different.","We used to hold hands all the time before he left. When he came back, he didn't like to be touched, so I had to remind myself to not rub his back, not sneak up behind him and give him hugs. And pretty much his sense of purpose was gone. He would say that he was just going to go away somewhere some day and disappear, and we'd never find him."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : implies that Donna is reflecting on the day Brian returned from Afghanistan and feeling emotional about it;","questions":"Which day is Donna Orolin remembering at StoryCorps?","answer":"Return"}
{"text":["Reptilian, exactly, and now we know that many species of dinosaurs had feathers or simple filaments that seem to be feather precursors in some cases.","Do your findings come from the relatively recent discovery that some dinosaurs had feathers?Is this sort of, like, the next step?","We are sort of taking the next. In the last 10 years, we've discovered that we can gain insight into the colors of dinosaurs and how they may have used visual signals in important contexts. And so what we wanted to ask is, can we gain insight into the vocal communication that extinct dinosaurs might have had?","Well, so what's next for you in your research?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the recent discoveries about feathers and filaments on certain species of dinosaurs have enabled us to gain a better understanding of their visual and vocal communication.","questions":"How have recent discoveries about dinosaurs helped gain insight into their communication?","answer":"feathers"}
{"text":["So right now, we're seeing a retrenching, although I do think that more advertisers should be spending more money online right now and unfortunately, maybe pulling from traditional media because you can track your online advertising much better than you can with your general traditional buckshot type of campaigns.","You talk a lot to us about the opportunities that are out there for entrepreneurs of color, and of course, Russell Simmons has been someone who's been able to do a little bit of everything. He started out in the music industry. He's done you know - he's got for-profit, non-profit, jewelry, you know, home, clothing. . .","Credit card.","Yeah. It's just pretty much everything."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : More advertisers should invest in online advertising rather than traditional media.","questions":"What does PersonA suggest advertisers should prioritize over traditional media?","answer":"advertising"}
{"text":["That question is, what is the most disloyal dog breed?","I have some issues with the premise of that one, but let's get to your answer, first of all.","Well, this question is going to have to remain unanswered to a certain extent. No one really knows. And the problem is there are plenty of researchers out there who are studying the personalities of dogs, but none of them evaluate any kind of personality trait called loyalty, or anything like that.","It's a bit subjective."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B disagrees with the premise of the question but is willing to discuss it further.","questions":"How does PersonB feel about the premise of the question?","answer":"Disagrees"}
{"text":["Do you ever feel that way, you're just so tired of singing, but you know you have to because that song is so closely associated with who you are?","Well \"Band of Gold\" would be it, but by the time I get to the end of the show, and I'm coming back for that last encore\u2026","(Singing) Now that you're gone, all that's left is a band of gold\u2026","A lot of times, I will do \"Band of Gold,\" and as a matter of fact, I - and I find that it's a good thing because I see people in the audience just light up, like (unintelligible)\u2026"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of (3) is, A is expressing a feeling of sadness and nostalgia over the loss of a loved one.","questions":"Which song does PersonA mention that is closely associated with who they are?","answer":"Band-of-Gold"}
{"text":["A busy week at the U. S.  Federal Reserve. The central bank announced it would end its stimulus program after six years. And later in the week, the Fed's chair, Janet Yellen, gave a speech about diversity in the field of economics. She said the profession, which seems to be dominated by white men, would benefit from a wider variety of viewpoints and pointed to what she called a leaky pipeline that's prevented women and minorities from making it into the top ranks of academia. We're joined now in our studios by labor economist Julianne Malveaux. Dr.  Malveaux, thanks very much for being with us.","DR.  JULIANNE MALVEAUX: It's absolutely a pleasure. Thank you, Scott.","What do you make of that leaky pipeline analogy?","It's absolutely the case. When you look at the research from the past, white males were the norm. It was not until the '70s that folks like Janet Yellen and others introduced women into, essentially, the research - just the research. I think that some of my work and others began to introduce black women, but by and large you're talking a white male space."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) -- Dr. Malveaux is expressing her pleasure at being invited to the show. ","questions":"Which emotion did Dr. Malveaux express when invited to the show?","answer":"Pleasure"}
{"text":["This is SCIENCE FRIDAY. I'm Flora Lichtman. If you're listening to our program over the radio today, you have Nikola Tesla to thank. Many of the things we take for granted now - electricity, radar, X-ray technology - come from research done by Tesla about a hundred years ago. But even though he's been come - he's come to be known as the father of the electric age, Tesla died penniless and largely forgotten in 1943.","Skip ahead to present time and enter Matthew Inman, creator of the website The Oatmeal. You may have seen and laughed at his comics, and if you haven't, to get a flavor of them, go to our website at sciencefriday. com to see his one about Tesla. Inman partnered with a nonprofit called the Tesla Science Center at Wardenclyffe on a mission to raise money to buy Tesla's lab in Shoreham, New York, and turn it into a museum. And here's the amazing part: they did it. They raised over $1. 3 million from the public to fund a science museum. There's hope yet. Matthew Inman joins me from Atlanta. Welcome to the program and congratulations.","Oh, yeah, thanks for having me.","Who are these people that gave to your campaign?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Tesla's research contributed to modern inventions, but he died in poverty and obscurity.","questions":"How did Tesla die?","answer":"Penniless"}
{"text":["And that's despite the fact that medics there say they need more supplies, they don't have what they need.","Well, again, we have a very long and porous border with eastern Congo. So knowing exactly where cases may come across is always a difficult thing to know. But we, the U. S.  government, as well as WHO and other partners, have been working very assiduously with the government of Uganda over the last 11 months while this outbreak has been going on in eastern Congo to help build their capacity. Supplies are always a challenge in terms of supply chain, moving things where they need to go. But we feel fairly comfortable that the ability to respond and respond quickly exists here in Uganda.","You mentioned this long and porous border. So the first case in Uganda was this 5-year-old boy who reportedly went to Congo, got the virus there then came back to Uganda with his grandmother, and they both passed. How are the borders being handled?Is security being stepped up?","Since the outbreak in DRC in August of last year, we have worked, along with other partners, with the government of Uganda, to establish screening along the border posts."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It implies that the massive border between Uganda and Eastern Congo has made it difficult to monitor the spread of the virus.","questions":"How has the border between Uganda and Eastern Congo affected virus monitoring?","answer":"Response"}
{"text":["Well, it's unclear. But at least the Department of Health and Human Services is saying that the Affordable Care Act will stand as this works its way through courts. And the funny thing is today is the final day for. . .","Yes.",". . . Open enrollment for next year for people to get insurance. And on the website healthcare. gov, there's actually a banner that says, this decision doesn't change open enrollment for now.","What about political repercussions?","And that's a more complicated thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The court case has not affected the open enrollment period","questions":"Which banner is displayed on the healthcare.gov website?","answer":"This"}
{"text":["So when he came home, how was he different in how he treated you, related to you, related to family life?","He's totally different. For one, Michael is very quiet. And since he returned, he's even distant, and it's causing a lot of problems in our marriage. And it's just - this war have caused a lot of stress on the wives and the families, they have to deal with these soldiers when they return.","What do you try to do with or for Michael to help him adjust?","I try everything in the world, and it seem like it don't help. Because he have a wall built up, and for one, we don't have enough help here. We only have one clinic that we can go to for counseling and therapy. And it's like two-hour drive away from where we live, so that's a major problem, too."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"He has a wall built up\" - The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. It implies that Michael has put up emotional barriers that prevent him from opening up or connecting with others, not that he has physically built a wall.","questions":"Which aspect of Michael's behavior is causing problems in his marriage?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Jennifer Linder. You say it's UVA and UVB, make sure you have that in the sun - both - protection from both kinds of ultraviolet.","That is correct. It's actually probably the most important thing for people to remember because you want to have broad-spectrum covered. The reason is you can think of the UVB rays as being the burning rays, and you can think of the UVA rays as being the aging rays, and that's because the UVB rays go into the epidermis, which is where the nucleus is for the keratinocytes, the ones that when the DNA is changed, actually it turns into skin cancer, versus the UVA rays are longer wavelengths. And they actually go - capable of going into the deeper dermis, which is where the collagen is. And when you break down collagen, that's how you age, and probably about 80 to 90 percent of aging is actually a result of sun exposure.","What about the SPF factor?Does SPF 30 protect you twice as much as, say, SPF 15 and half as much as 60?","Great question. So it's - actually the way that the studies are done it's a little bit confusing because an SPF of 15 protects you from 93 percent of UVB rays, and it's only UVBs that SPF actually tells you about. Now, an SPF of 30 is going to protect you from 97 percent of those UVB rays. And when you get up to 50, you're only protecting yourself from 98 percent. So you can notice it's partial percentage points differences. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The type of UV rays affects skin differently.","questions":"Which rays can cause aging of the skin?","answer":"UVA"}
{"text":["Who happens to be black.","You know.","And happens to be benched right now.","Happens to be benched. What do you make of this?I think Vince's issues I think are quite different from Tarvaris. I think there was a lot of pressure on Vince from the time he came out of Texas to kind of be the black Johnny Unitas, and he's going to - they'll both have an opportunity to sit and watch, and hopefully come back with a vengeance.","One really quick other black quarterback not in the league at the moment, in Atlanta, Michael Vick. Is Matt Ryan, the replacement, making Atlanta Falcon fans forget Michael Vick?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The fact that the quarterback is black is important to the conversation","questions":"What characteristic of the quarterback is relevant to the discussion?","answer":"race"}
{"text":["And it's most importantly for us, combined with great food, great food and dining experiences. And as more of our culture gets into more of the artsy and fine wine and fine dining experiences, wine is more of a part of that for all cultures.","Do you ever find people saying to you, OK, it's great that you do this, but your world is so on another planet. And what you do is so ridiculously specialized, I can't even talk to you because I don't know what you're talking about?","Definitely find less and less that. I think everybody in our - the mystique of wine and the exclusivity of wine, those barriers have been broken down, to a large degree, and people are less and less afraid to try wine and to have fun with it themselves.","They ask questions about some of the technical aspects of it. We're very fortunate as a family, and the other members of the African-American Association of Vintners are also from various backgrounds, and they get the same kind of questions that we do. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People feel intimidated by the specialized wine culture.","questions":"How do people feel about the exclusivity of wine culture?","answer":"Intimidated"}
{"text":["So the sport itself has given me countless opportunities. And for me, the reason why I'm so interested in doing this, it's sort of like my way of giving back, in a sense. You know, I'm going places with the javelin and it's helping me out and probably going to get me into a nice school. So why not give back?And I feel like if I have to do this research project at my school, why not do it on something that I like?","Yeah. I'm just going to guess you've heard from some people that know somebody who was injured by a javelin who've said there's no need for this sport?","Honestly, I haven't. I mean, I know there are some people that have gotten injured and there are people that are against the implementation of the event. But personally, I do not know anybody that has been injured.","You know, Mr.  Christensen, there are people listening around the country I'm sure might point out that it seems easier to buy a gun in South Carolina than to throw a javelin in high school."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"there are people that are against the implementation of the event\" - The literal meaning is that some people are against having the javelin event in competitions. The actual meaning is that there are some concerns about the safety of the sport, but the speaker does not personally know anyone who has been injured.","questions":"What is the actual meaning behind the statement regarding people being against the implementation of the event?","answer":"Safety"}
{"text":["It's a little bit different from my 1980s beater. This, you know, these are handmade pieces of art. And, you know, there are things that were different about it.","One thing that I heard from Justin Claassen, who's an avid cyclist and he's one of the founders of Valid, is that over a long period of time you notice the vibration less. There is some dampening, they say, that bamboo has a sort of natural dampening. So if you're riding really long distances, there - that might be a reason why you would want to go bamboo. But it's - I thought it would be lighter. And it's not actually that much lighter than your run-of-the-mill metal.","Right. Of course, there is the coolness factor, right. . .",". . . to have the only bamboo bike on the block or in Brooklyn. I can put more B's together if I could."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : I would like to be unique by having a bike made of bamboo but I realise it's not fully made of bamboo","questions":"What material did PersonB suggest would add to the coolness factor of a bike in the dialogue?","answer":"bamboo"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So boys are broken. What did you mean by that?","I want to clarify that I am not an expert in gender studies. I'm not an expert really in anything, other than maybe '80s music. And so my thoughts are reflective on my experiences and the experiences of people around me and my observations after living 46 years as a dude. What do I mean by boys are broken?I think it means that there is something going on with American men that is giving them the permission and space to commit violence. And one of the main things we focus on correctly is guns and mental health, but I think deeper than that is a problem, a crisis in masculinity.","You wrote in this that the last 50 years redefined womanhood. Women were taught that they can be anything. No commensurate movement for men, who are still generally locked to the same rigid, outdated model of masculinity. And it's killing us. When you say that there's this rigid masculinity, what do you mean by that - that men aren't able to express themselves?","Partially, yeah. I also think that masculinity doesn't have a language in the way that femininity has come to have a language. We understand that femininity can be much more broadly encompassing than masculinity now. When you think of a strong woman, that doesn't rob her of any of her femininity. But when you think of a fragile man, that has the effect culturally, I think, of neutering that guy. And so much of masculinity is rooted in sexuality."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Boys are broken implies that there is a crisis in masculinity giving American men the permission and space to commit violence.","questions":"What is the crisis in masculinity giving American men permission and space to commit violence?","answer":"outdatedness"}
{"text":["Well, the justification I think is a good one for nonprofit organizations like Scholarly Societies that really do operate on pretty much a cost recovery model. The commercial ventures, though, that have the profit margins in the 30 and 40 percent range, there really is no justification. They're profit-maximizing businesses, which is fine. The question is, should such businesses be built around information that's vital to the public's good and the public's health?","When these scholars do articles, who gets - do they get any of that money?","They're unpaid. The authors of these articles traditionally contribute the work of writing the articles, the work of reviewing and verifying the information, and they're not paid.","I can see why universities might feel that they were paying too much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker discusses the justification for nonprofit organizations and questions whether profit-maximizing businesses should be based on important information for the public's good and health. Implied Meaning: The speaker is criticizing profit-maximizing businesses that rely on vital public information, suggesting that there is no valid justification for their high profit margins.","questions":"Which model does the speaker consider acceptable for nonprofit organizations?","answer":"Cost-recovery"}
{"text":["Let's go deeper, linguistically into this. When, at the time that I spoke with Reverend Jackson, and this was yesterday, we believed, knowing what we did, we being most of the press, that he had said that Senator Obama had emasculated himself. As it turned out, the phrase was much rougher and much more, you know, I want to blank, blank, blank. Is there a difference between those two ways, neither of them particularly nice, of parsing out lack of manhood?","Well, you know, I actually read that slightly differently. When I heard about the specific comments and the castration and sort of the anger in which it was delivered, even though it was a whisper of. I immediately began to think back historically about, you know, the ways and which powerful black men, or uppity black men were punished.","And it was, you know, the threat of castration was very real in the 19th century. And there's a moment of irony that Jesse Jackson would want to assert his power, his relevance, to Barack Obama's campaign by placing himself over Barack in a sense in suggesting that he is the man and also capable of taking Barack's manhood away.","Coming up this weekend, we have the start of the NAACP's annual convention and although he has not started yet, Ben Jealous is the incoming president. He's 35. He's going to be the youngest president ever of the NAACP. We seem to be seeing a generational shift overall. Is there going to be blood on the floor, metaphorically, as this shift happens?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Jesse Jackson wanted to assert his power over Obama by threatening his manhood","questions":"Which person in the dialogue threatened Obama's manhood?","answer":"Castration"}
{"text":["So alphabetically, Jeb Bush, Ben Carson, Hillary Clinton, Martin O'Malley, Bernie Sanders, who'd you like?","You know, I liked the fact that they all came. The important thing for the Urban League was that each of these five candidates accepted our invitation, came, and I think offered a serious perspective from their own point of view. They came in here. They talked about race. They talked about economics. They talked about the criminal justice system. They talked about cities. These issues don't get discussed on the main stage in many, many political debates and discussions. And so why we wanted them here, so they could talk about equality, talk about opportunity, develop those ideas in a way that will not, and - or, I should say, historically has not happened in this campaign up until this point.","Mr.  Morial, another unarmed black man was killed by an officer in Cincinnati. I wonder if you have some ideas you want to bring to our attention about how to try to repair a shattered relationship between black citizens and police.","It's an American tragedy of untold proportions, particularly as we've seen it play out in the last two years. Our ten-point justice plan recommended that body cameras and dash cameras be mandatory for all law enforcement all the way across the country. But we also believe that more must be done when it comes to police officer hiring, police officer training, and police officer accountability. The community wants to and must trust its police if they're going to be allies is in what we all want, and that is safer communities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"talk about race\", \"talk about economics\", \"talk about the criminal justice system\", \"talk about cities\" - these phrases are not meant to be taken literally as in simply having a conversation about those topics. Rather, the speaker means that they want the candidates to address these topics seriously and meaningfully, and to offer their perspectives and ideas on them.","questions":"Which topics did the speaker want the candidates to offer their perspectives and ideas on?","answer":"Race,Economics,Criminal,Justice,Cities"}
{"text":["The president elect will need to pick someone else to become commerce secretary. New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson took himself out of the running because of an investigation into how some of his donors won a lucrative contract. How serious a problem is this withdrawal for the Obama transition team?","Much less of a problem than they would have had had some of this come to light or if the seriousness of this grand jury investigation and the length of it had come to light after Bill Richardson had become secretary of commerce. So it's much easier to replace someone who is an appointee than someone who's already in the job, and there are a number of other people, quite a long list, many of them quite distinguished, who can step into this role, and I suspect we'll see a name this week.","Ron, let's turn now to the Senate. Roland Burris of Illinois, who was tapped by Rod Blagojevich, says he'll show up at the Senate door even though Senate leaders have said they won't seat him. So what's going to happen there?","At midday on Tuesday, unless something is worked out in advance, Roland Burris will come and attempt to present his credentials to the Senate to be seated along with the other new members who have just been elected in the November elections and some appointees since then."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The withdrawal of Bill Richardson is not a big problem for Obama transition team because they can easily replace him with a number of distinguished people.","questions":"What is the benefit of replacing an appointee over someone who is already in the job?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Now, what about the bloggers who are, you know, in our camp. What story are they hitting?","Well, in the Democratic side, among bloggers, the Web site Blogpolls, which measure these trends, posted about Hillary Clinton outnumbered blog post about Barack Obama, leading up to last weekend, South Carolina primary. And interestingly, on January 24th, two days before the voting started in South Carolina, posts about Bill Clinton spiked and they equal the numbers of posts about Barack Obama. But after he won in South Carolina, post about Obama spiked and he's been the most blogged about candidate ever since. Now, on the Republican side, John McCain has been and is the most blogged about candidate.","What about on News and Views, our own blog?","Well, lot of issues people are talking about. They run the spectrum. They're talking about Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick's text message scandal, suggesting an affair with his female chief of staff, which could lead to perjury charges. We called it textual healing on our blog."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the bloggers on News and Views referred to the scandal involving the Detroit mayor's text messages as \"textual healing.\" However, the implied meaning is that the bloggers are using a humorous or ironic phrase to refer to a serious and potentially damaging scandal. The phrase \"textual healing\" is a play on words on the song \"Sexual Healing\" by Marvin Gaye and suggests that the scandal is being trivialized or made light of.","questions":"Which scandal did the bloggers refer to as \"textual healing\"?","answer":"Textual"}
{"text":["What is the biggest need right now?I mean, where are these people going and, specifically, children who may have lost family members?","Yeah. Well, the biggest need in general is everything. They need food, shelter, jerrycans for clean water. You need water trucks with clean water to go there. Imagine that a flooding contaminates everything. That is why diseases are bound to break out. And it's already happening. There is cases of cholera mentioned or reported in Beira.","There is a system where children - where parents can fill in the name of their children that they are missing. And then, you know, that is accessible for aid organizations. And the aid organizations in the field will look for those children and try to get parents and children back together again. If that doesn't happen, children will go into the governmental care while the aid organizations keep looking for relatives where they can live with.","And I understand that even though the floodwaters are now receding, there is a chance for secondary floods. How is the community preparing for that?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Diseases are not breaking out but might begin to happen due to the situation.","questions":"What is the risk of diseases in the flooded area?","answer":"High"}
{"text":["And what's your percentage normally?","Normally, it's around 65 to 70 percent in practice.","It's a little easier when nobody is guarding.","Yeah, a little bit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is easier to do something when there are no obstacles (guards) around.","questions":"What makes it easier to do something?","answer":"No-obstacles"}
{"text":["Sure.",". . . Had Don Blankenship prevailed.","Well, they're all tough. I say you run scared or unopposed. They're all tough. But you're right. This will be a tough race.","Yeah. Have your calculations about how to run the race changed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person campaigned without opposition and was scared while doing so.","questions":"What was the person's attitude while campaigning?","answer":"Scared"}
{"text":["Let me move on to another issue. I was covering both the Democratic and Republican Conventions, and one of the biggest applause lines during the Republican Conventions had to do with drilling for oil. Drill now, drill now, drill now. There is a serious set of distinctions between Senator Obama's policy towards energy and the McCain campaigns policy towards energy. Very briefly, very briefly, describe them to me, as they would affect consumers.","OK, I would say three distinct differences. One, the emphasis of McCain has been on drilling. The facts show that he U. S.  consumes 25 percent of the world's oil and has 3 percent of the reserves. So it's obvious that we cannot drill our way out of that problem.","Obama's focus has been on what can we do in the immediate run, and in the long run, to wean our dependence on oil. And that means investing in an extensive program to convert the economy with green jobs and research, deployment, development of alternative energy. And it also means efficiencies, conservation, raising fuel standards and things to reduce our demand.","So emphasizing the whole portfolio of energies and reducing our demand, but we know that ultimately we've got to move to a different source of energy, and that's the only way to do it. And that is a very big difference between the two candidates."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Obama's energy policy focuses on reducing dependence on oil through green energy and efficiency measures","questions":"What was the focus of Obama's energy policy?","answer":"Oil"}
{"text":["So, this isn't someone who is just - and forgive a homey analogy for our listeners - this isn't someone who is just the Michael Jordan of Indian cricket. This is somebody who is the Michael Jordan times five, six or ten.","Probably yes, exactly. All - the Babe Ruth, Mickey Mantle, Lou Gehrig all combined. I don't know which other icons to come with from which sport that Americans relate to. And he somehow managed to be uncontaminated by scandal, by controversy in a sport that's been laden with examples of both. And his rise, in a sense, became tied up with or almost emblematic of India's own rise to ascension on the world stage. When Sachin Tendulkar made his debut for India in 1989 at the age of 16, India was still a developing country, a poor country, one with lots of problems, a semi-closed economy, that still called itself socialist. All of these problems. And then India liberalized in 1991 with the end of the Cold War and the major change in financial calculations and political philosophy in the country, and that coincided with Sachin's rise. So, India rose and Sachin rose, and he leaves just as our economy has also begun to tank a bit over the last year or two.","Shashi, what happens to a star of this magnitude in the retirement?Any idea?","Well, amusingly enough, my government nominated him to our Upper House. We have an Upper House that's weaker than your Senate.","You know, Shashi, let me simply interject: very few things are weaker than our Senate at the moment, but go ahead."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Is there any idea what happens to a star of this magnitude in the retirement?","questions":"How did Shashi's government honor Sachin Tendulkar after his retirement?","answer":"N\/A"}
{"text":["Well, we'll see, won't we?I think that the issue here is really is how you talk about it, and how you educate. For instance, food banks for years have done this. I might say, without naming the names, one of the leading best-regarded brands in the large, national food industry, they basically recover the food within their stores; cook it up; and put it out on their hot trays the next day and offer that at, you know, at fair full prices. That's the stuff that we're going to be talking about. We're talking about taking and recovering food. Most of what we offer will be fruits and vegetables that have a use-by date on it that'll be several days out.","Well, customers nevertheless have to consume the food pretty quickly.","As you know, when it comes to bread, most of America, if they didn't buy the bread yesterday, already has it out of code at home. And we all know, if you put it in the refrigerator, it can last for weeks. Milk lasts for days. You know, it all depends on the temperature of your refrigerator, frankly.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of (2) is that customers have to consume the food quickly, but the implied meaning is that customers should be aware that the food has a limited shelf life and should be consumed soon.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of turn 2?","answer":"Limited"}
{"text":["He did. When I - the first time I called him up, the conversation went like this: Hello?Alan Feuer. And I said, hey, it's Alan Feuer. And he went, oh, good man. I've been meaning to call you. And he really did talk like that. That is absolutely how he spoke.","So something out of - well, a kind of a cross between Franklin Delano Roosevelt and London.","Something like that. You know, the way I pictured it was those, you know, those Preston Sturges movies where, you know, it's almost like an Anglophilic-New York accent.","Oh, we use to call it Long Island lockjaw."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The way Alan Feuer spoke was unusual or unique.","questions":"Which aspect of Alan Feuer's speech was notable?","answer":"Notable"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me. It's a pleasure to be with you.","Now, President Trump tweeted last month, all agree the U. S.  president has the complete power to pardon. So how did the Founding Fathers intended for the presidential pardon to be applied?","Well, they saw it in several ways. They obviously set up a system with pretty robust checks and balances. And the pardon power was intended to be part of that. Where the justice system had produced a miscarriage of justice, it was possible for the president to step in and provide a check against the judicial branch. Or framers like Alexander Hamilton saw the pardon power as a policy instrument. You know, if you had a rebellion or some kind of insurgency, the offer of clemency might restore tranquility to the Commonwealth, as he put it. So there were both reasons of individual mercy and broader public policy that have motivated the use of the pardon power over time.","So then how is the pardon of Joe Arpaio different from other presidential pardons?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : How is the pardon of Joe Arpaio unique compared to other presidential pardons?","questions":"Which presidential pardon was being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Arpaio"}
{"text":["Good to be with you.","So we just heard about what this decision means practically speaking, but what about politically?What's the thought process here?","I think the administration does not want too much attention to be paid to the person that they're handling this portfolio to. In other words, they don't want the czar concept. That was something of a media concept. You know, we do love czars. We like our drug czars, our energy czars. So. . .","And what sounds better than car czar?","(Soundbite of laughter) It's perfect. It was irresistible. And that is exactly why they decided to resist it because they knew we couldn't resist it. They wanted this fellow, and they have a person, his name is Ron Bloom. He has been an investment banker. He has been involved in a number of manufacturing, restructuring situations. And they wanted to bring him into the Treasury Department as a senior adviser to Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The administration doesn't want to draw attention to the position by calling it a 'czar'","questions":"Which term does the administration want to avoid using for the position?","answer":"Czar"}
{"text":["Good morning, Don.","So, we're talking about two senior officials here - the director of Navy intelligence and the Navy's top intelligence officer. Pretty amazing.","It really is amazing, Don. It's important to note it has nothing to do with their current jobs in Naval intelligence at the Pentagon. It was in their earlier jobs in the Pacific, the area where the investigation began. Yeah, we have Vice Admiral Ted Branch, who's a director of Naval intelligence. He was commanding an aircraft carrier strike group in the region; and also Vice Admiral Bruce Loveless, now serving as director of intelligence operations. He was serving in that area as well. And the allegations against him we're told involve personal misconduct. We don't have a sense of exactly what that is, but the other officer is charged, so far in the case, have been charged with kickbacks and bribes. It's important to note here, the admirals have not been relieved of command or had their security clearances pulled, but, again, they no longer have access to classified information and are now on leave.","So, remind us how this scandal has developed."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implies that the situation is incredible and shocking, rather than simply saying that it is amazing.","questions":"What is the tone of PersonA's response to PersonB's statement in turn 1?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["With Republican lawmakers unable to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act, President Trump has taken several steps to undo it. Just before the weekend, he refused to pay the subsidies to insurers that helped keep premiums down for low-income people. And, also, the administration is cutting funding for outreach to those who want to sign up when open enrollment begins next month. The Affordable Care Act provides money to organizations that help people navigate the health care system. In fact, they're called navigator programs. Last year, they received $63 million from the government. The Trump administration has cut that funding by 41 percent. I'm joined by Lisa Hamler-Fugitt, she's executive director of the Ohio Association of Food Banks, which oversees a navigator program. Welcome.","Thank you.","And your program's budget was reduced by how much?","Seventy one percent - nearly $1. 2 million dollars. And it was a significant reduction."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : President Trump is taking actions to repeal Affordable Care Act","questions":"How much was the navigator program funding cut by?","answer":"71%"}
{"text":["No, I think this will be about fact. That's why I added a number of authors and historians to this commission. When these monuments were erected, they were to celebrate but also, I think, to intimidate individuals, as well. They were there to continue to convey what I think is, you know, alternative facts and history. At the end of the day, these individuals defended a time and a purpose that would probably have me and my ancestors in bondage. And that should not go untold.","Some, though, would say this is a cop-out. New Orleans has torn down a number of its Confederate monuments. The city of Charlottesville, Va. , voted to sell its statue of Robert E.  Lee. Why not remove these statues?","Well, first I will say that our monuments commission will obviously listen to all sides. They'll listen to those who think that we may be trying to rewrite history. We're going to listen to people who think that we should remove the monuments. My charge to the commission is to tell the whole truth. For some, this was the third rail in Richmond politics - that you can never touch Monument Avenue. And I think that right now this is an opportunity for us and a responsibility for us to write the next new chapter for the city of Richmond.","Levar Stoney, the Democratic mayor of Richmond, Va.  We've been checking in with him throughout his first year in office. And we will be doing so as the year rolls on. Thank you so much for joining us.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The monuments commission will listen to all sides and tell the whole truth.","questions":"Which commission?","answer":"Monuments"}
{"text":["I don't actually see a need to detain people at all. There are lots of alternatives to detention that have been shown to work. In many cases, people are released on ankle monitors so that the government can keep track of where they are. But once again, I don't think that the government's figures on appearance rates at hearings are accurate.","Mexico has expanded some of the rights of asylum-seekers, non-Mexican asylum-seekers - haven't they?- in recent weeks. Humanitarian visas, work permits, access to legal services, does any of that help?","I know that they have started giving humanitarian visas to individuals who are returned. They are supposed to provide for work authorization. But I understand that a number of our plaintiffs have had trouble finding jobs and also trouble proving that they are entitled to work in Mexico. I think that goes back to the animus against migrants that I spoke of before.","Do you and other groups have an idea of how many people we might potentially be talking about who were asylum-seekers in Mexico?","We don't have an exact number. The government has said that they're going to expand this policy to Texas in the not-too-distant future. And my understanding is that as of Thursday, eight families were returned- eight families comprised of 13 adults and 13 children. And that was just one day."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the narrator mention of non Mexican asylum-seekers so it is odd to see non Mexican asylum seekers setting place in Mexico. ","questions":"What nationality are the asylum-seekers mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["(Laughter).",". . . I like that. Mannish is good.","It smelled mannish.","And then a day later, General Eisenhower gave the go-ahead."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B finds something amusing or funny, but it's not clear what","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's laughter?","answer":"ellipsis"}
{"text":["They were part of the crew of the USS Monitor, a celebrated Civil War ship that helped open a new era in naval warfare. The ship was ironclad, powered by steam instead of sails, and supported a rotating gun turret. The Monitor sank in a storm in 1862. Sixteen of 62 men on board went down with their ship. They were thought to be lost forever until 2002. The Monitor was being restored and the remains of two of the sailors were discovered in the turret. We're joined now by historian Anna Holloway. She's curator of the USS Monitor Center in Newport, Virginia. Thank very much for being with us.","Well, thank you so much for having me.","What do we know about these two sailors who have finally been buried?","Well, we still don't know their names, and that is one of the ongoing mysteries about these two heroes of the USS Monitor. However, as you mention, 16 men went down with the vessel, so there are 16 possibilities. Now, forensics tells us a little bit about them - their relative heights, their ages and their race - so that does narrow it down a bit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There are no turns in the given conversation that have a meaning different from their literal meanings. All the turns convey their literal meanings without any implied or figurative language.","questions":"What is the meaning of turn 2 in the given conversation?","answer":"Contribution"}
{"text":["That's right, Book Club is coming. . .","SCIENCE FRIDAY Book Club has picked the September read, right?","Yep. It's \"Flatland. \"","Ooh, that's an old one."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The chosen book for the Book Club is Flatland.","questions":"Which book was selected for the Book Club?","answer":"Flatland"}
{"text":["Those are the main parts. So they're saying that when the mandate penalty goes away next January, the protections for preexisting conditions should go away as well. That's not exactly what the attorneys general were arguing, but that's what the Justice Department position is.","How might this change how individual people are covered and treated in this country?","Well, immediately, of course, it wouldn't. The Justice Department isn't asking for anything immediately. Obviously, this is a lawsuit, and it could take months or even years to work its way through the courts. But it does certainly raise the prospect of a court decision that would say there could be no more protections for people with preexisting conditions. That's one of the most popular parts of the health law.","We've been getting reports from all over the country about how health care premiums are going up. Why is that happening?Do you expect it to keep happening?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A court decision may eliminate protections for people with preexisting conditions","questions":"Which popular part of the health law is at risk due to the court decision mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"protections"}
{"text":["Yeah. Everyone agrees that our prescription drug costs are too high - both right and left - you know, Democrat, Republican. It's one of the few points of information, points of fact that everyone agrees on. The problem is everyone disagrees on how best to tackle that. And there are a lot of forces that are resisting any change at all.","The bipartisan solution which Senator Klobuchar and Senator John McCain have proposed is allowing prescription drug imports from other countries, so we allow for a global competition in the sense of, you know, if everyone else is getting a better deal than us, why can't we buy our prescription drugs from there the same way we buy our, you know, refrigerators and cars?","Elisabeth Rosenthal, editor-in-chief of Kaiser Health News and author of \"An American Sickness: How Health Care Became Big Business And How You Can Take It Back. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Everyone is aware that the issue of high prescription drug costs needs to be addressed, but there are opposing views on how to do so.","questions":"Which solution is proposed by Senator Klobuchar and Senator John McCain to tackle the issue of high prescription drug costs?","answer":"Imports"}
{"text":["Is this a book about how someone becomes a terrorist?","In part. I talk about this as a sort of - as a Genesis moment for the book. But I remember distinctly I was watching this interview with a foreign affairs expert. And it was in the wake of the - there had been these sort of protests in an Afghan village against the U. S.  military presence in Afghanistan.","And the interviewer's question was something along the lines of, why do they hate us so much?And as part of his answer, this expert noted that sometimes the U. S.  forces have to go conduct these nighttime raids in these villages. And when they do this, they'll sometimes have to hold the women and children up at gunpoint. And they'll tear the places apart. And then he added, you know, in Afghan culture, this sort of thing is considered very offensive.","And I thought, you know, name me one culture on earth that wouldn't consider this sort of thing offensive?And so part of the book is - has to do with this idea that we all suffer the same way, and we become damaged by suffering in the same way regardless of which part of the world we grew up in or what we believe."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning: The expert states that in Afghan culture, the described actions are perceived as highly offensive. The implied meaning: The expert implies that such actions are universally considered offensive and not limited to Afghan culture.","questions":"What is the interviewer's question that the expert answers in turn 2?","answer":"Question"}
{"text":["As you alluded to, the printing of the census has begun, without the citizenship question. Isn't that a logistical hurdle, a financial hurdle to this going forward?","So the Justice Department represented in court that the forms had to start printing on July 1, and they in fact started printing. So what would have to happen if the citizenship question were added is the printing would stop, they'd have to junk all those forms, and they'd be behind. The plaintiffs had argued in some of the cases, well, we could really start printing as late as October in order for it to be in time. It would be yet another reversal by the government if they took the position, yeah, now we agree with the plaintiffs; the printing can happen later.","Rick Hasen is a professor of law and political science at the University of California, Irvine. Thanks for speaking with us.","Thank you, and happy July 4."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when something is referred to as a hurdle in this context it means its something that stands in the way of getting something done","questions":"Which word in the dialogue means an obstacle that is preventing the process from moving forward?","answer":"Hurdle"}
{"text":["The regulations and the oversight that was put in place was relatively minimal because this was going to be such a small endeavor. It was going to be a small-scale experiment for 100 schools. Well, guess what?We have 1,300 charter schools today. And we have a law that doesn't actually account for the scale of that.","That's LA Times reporter Anna Phillips. She's been investigating loopholes in California's charter school system. What she discovered is a fragmented and decentralized regulating system. In Los Angeles, Phillips encountered a case in which a wealthy Beverly Hills couple made millions of dollars by simply turning to a different school district whenever their charter schools came under scrutiny.","These charter schools had been set up as nonprofits that were publicly funded. But if you looked right kind of on the outskirts of them, the couple that had started them had essentially created a series of businesses or nonprofits that were doing business with their own schools. So for instance, this couple rented a lot of their own properties they owned. They were their own landlords.","They owned buildings that then they rented to the schools, so they were getting that income.","Exactly. And there were other ways they were getting income. The woman who ran these schools, her husband was hired on as a project manager for about $500,000 to oversee the construction of a new campus. When they wanted to bring in cafeteria meals for their students, they hired one of their own organizations. So this was public money that was coming into these schools, but the couple that ran them was financially benefiting from it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"They owned buildings that then they rented to the schools, so they were getting that income\" - The literal meaning of this sentence is that the couple owned buildings that they leased to their charter schools, generating rental income. However, the implied meaning is that they may have been using their positions of authority to steer public funds towards their own personal gain.","questions":"What kind of income were the couple getting from the schools?","answer":"rent"}
{"text":["The field is shrinking. That's the first thing that's happened. There are going to be 10 candidates and only 10. And for the first time, you're going to see the top three candidates standing next to each other in the center stage. That's Joe Biden, who's been leading the polls, Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders. And what most people are waiting to see is if there will be a Warren-Biden clash.","OK. So of those three candidates you just named, Joe Biden remains still at the top of the Democratic field. But he hasn't had really great debate performances. So the one question I have is, how much do debates really matter to the campaign?","You know, you can make an argument that the debates really haven't mattered much because look at Joe Biden. He's still on top of the field even though he has not had a good performance in the debates. Elizabeth Warren has moved up steadily, but not because of anything she did in the debates. It's because she's had all these plans, and she's performed well on the campaign trail. But in one sense, the debates are having an impact, and it's a negative one because the overall image of the Democrats and their policy ideas has gotten more negative among the general electorate as this debate season has gone on.","Interesting. The debates have not been great PR for the Democratic Party. Well, Elizabeth Warren has been gaining support the past few months. She's going to be facing Joe Biden onstage for the first time. What do you think her hardest challenges are going to be onstage?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : there isn't a \"top\" of a field... it just means he is performing the best currently","questions":"What is the implication of Joe Biden remaining at the top of the Democratic field despite his poor debate performances?","answer":"Resilience"}
{"text":["So actually - so there have been many deaths from throwing events in track and field, but the javelin does not take up quite as many of those as the shot and disc do. Yeah, there are some pretty gruesome scenes when talking about the javelin injuries. And obviously, you know, getting impaled by a spear is not that good (laughter). But it's far less common than you might think.","So you're writing this paper which you hope will lead to getting the javelin reinstated as a sport. How do you think that'll work?What's going to be in your paper?","Well, there's a lot of things. You know, I think the biggest concerns that coaches have with implementing the event have to do with the injuries due to the javelin hitting somebody. You know, so I'll have to address that and the actual statistics behind it.","But really it's going to be more of a guide on how to implement the javelin and why it's better that it's included as an event in high school track here than not because, you know, I feel like it's just a great opportunity that everybody should have because I was lucky enough to find it through club track. And, you know, my life would be a lot different if I hadn't."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"my life would be a lot different if I hadn't\" - The literal meaning suggests that the speaker's life would have changed if they hadn't found the javelin through club track. The implied meaning is that finding the javelin through club track has had a significant positive impact on the speaker's life, and they are grateful for the opportunities it has provided.","questions":"What impact did finding the javelin through club track have on the PersonA's life?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["I was shocked by that on a number of levels. You know, the first thing that shocked people about the call, obviously, is the notion of the president withholding military aid and trying to bully the Ukrainians into doing personal favors. This is, obviously, a big deal. But in the middle of all that, what struck me and, as I say, even shocked me was his willingness to disparage our ambassador to Ukraine in a call with a foreign leader, referring to her as the woman and saying she was bad news and then vaguely but, frankly, ominously saying to the president of Ukraine that she was going to go through some things.","Let's give her name. It's Marie Yovanovitch. Tell us about her. What's her reputation in the diplomatic community?","So Marie Yovanovitch - and she goes by Masha. Masha was one of the most respected and longstanding members of our foreign service. She has, I think, been in the foreign service for over 30 years, served all around the world and most recently and in the most senior positions, obviously, as ambassador to Ukraine, until she was removed prematurely in May, but before that, also ambassador to Armenia and ambassador to Kyrgyzstan.","The State Department has said that the ambassador concluded her three-year diplomatic assignment in Kyiv as planned, that there was no kind of retribution or she was not yanked back unceremoniously. Why are there doubts on that in the diplomatic community?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person was surprised greatly by the information and it affected many of their thoughts and emotions. They were not struck but what they saw made them notice it and think about it more.","questions":"How was the person affected by the information?","answer":"Shocked"}
{"text":["It's definitely a tough business. He saw it was a tough business, and he just thought one of the most secure fields would be medicine, and my parents always kind of pushed for that.","I imagine in the midst of all this now, you're - you guys are feeling pretty secure about that choice.","It's really a shame, everything that's happened, especially here in Michigan. I mean, I have so many friends and different family members and family friends that - of course, everyone is really nervous right now with the way the economy is going, with the way the auto industry is going. But yeah, it's definitely nice, thinking that, you know, I'm going into a very secure field.","What's it like to be a student in college in Michigan right now, in the midst of thousands of jobs being lost?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The field of medicine is secure, but the economy is not.","questions":"How is the economy?","answer":"Unstable"}
{"text":["That's right. The discussions we've had about whether the First Lady should have worn clothing by black designers for her husband's inauguration is still creating a lot of traffic. Aljory Stallings(ph) wrote us this on our Web site, I am completely irritated on this trivial commentary on this issue. I wonder if the black designers who were complaining about this realize that by doing that, they are cutting off their noses to spite their faces.","Flora Gayle(ph) chimed in with this, I think she needs to get some credit for almost always wearing American designers. I am not black, but I do work in fashion. I think before we start judging this, we should look at how many black students are going to fashion school. I wish there were more.","And Dianne Truckenberg(ph) wrote in to say, I am concerned with the concept drawing lines for black versus white, for fill in whatever topic. Insistence on basing decisions on whether or not something or someone is of a certain race will certainly bring back racial tension.","And then last week, we had a discussion about spanking with Judge Lynn Toller. Well, that topic raised a lot of listener hackles. Here are a few letters that summed up the debate. Christopher Watson(ph) sent us this, I sat in my car shocked as I listened to your program talk about spanking. I'm a 33-year-old black male who was spanked as a child and has since worked for several organizations fighting domestic and sexual violence and child abuse. I was slack-jawed as I heard two highly educated adults advocate child abuse."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The black designers complaining about the First Lady wearing clothing by non-black designers are being counterproductive.","questions":"Which group of people are being counterproductive?","answer":"Black"}
{"text":["It would basically just restore a tax on stock compensation income in our city. And this is a tax that actually existed prior to 2012, when we started granting tax breaks to grow the tech sector in our city. And the revenue would be used to address the growing inequality crisis in our city, to expand affordable housing for working-class and middle-class residents, to support and stabilize our small businesses here in the city that are struggling and haven't benefited from the same tax breaks.","And just to be clear, you've written this proposal so that this tax would apply to IPOs that have already recently happened, like Lyft and Pinterest. And we should note that your proposal still needs to be passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, and then it would go directly to the voters on the ballot in November.","Exactly. I mean, it's still - there's still going to be a lot of public process and debate about this.","OK.  Now, one of your colleagues on the board of supervisors told the San Francisco Chronicle that it's, quote, \"arrogant\" to think that tech companies won't leave the city if they are taxed more aggressively. Are you worried about that risk, that your tax proposal might drive some tech companies out of San Francisco?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"address the growing inequality crisis\" - Literal meaning: to deal with the issue of inequality that is becoming more severe. Actual meaning: to take measures to reduce the gap between the rich and poor and provide support for those who are struggling.","questions":"What is the proposal aiming to address?","answer":"Inequality"}
{"text":["We're going to spend some time now talking about cybersecurity. Recently stolen NSA tools have been used apparently in cyberattacks in Baltimore and North Carolina. Hackers used this software to interrupt digital infrastructure like government computers, and usually demand money to stop. That's today's topic in our regular segment called Troll Watch.","This is where we've been keeping track of cybersecurity attacks, as well as the themes, memes and conspiracies being pushed by bots and trolls. Joining us now to talk more about this is Thomas Rid. He is a professor of strategic studies at Johns Hopkins University, where he teaches about cybersecurity. Professor Rid, welcome. Thanks so much for talking to us.","Thank you. Hi.","Let's walk through the facts that are known. So as I understand it, the NSA develops certain hacking tools, and somehow or another, they lost control of them. They were leaked, stolen somehow. And they started showing up in the summer of 2016. Is that right?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The NSA lost control of their hacking tools and they were leaked\/stolen.","questions":"What was the reason for the cyberattacks in Baltimore and North Carolina?","answer":"Money"}
{"text":["How are you doing?","Hello, Farai. How are you?","Oh, I'm good. You know, we've run in full tilt here. So, let's start with the Democrats. For months, Senator Clinton had held a comfortable lead over Senator Obama, nationally. All caveats about polls in place. What happened to their relative standing?","Hillary Clinton was over 50 percent in some polls in 2007, and then in - even in January - even after Barack Obama had shocked her in Iowa, she still maintained a 15 to 20-point lead in most polls taken nationally because Barack Obama had not yet been introduced to much of the country, and it was still kind of one-sided contest. But over the last couple of weeks, particularly since the South Carolina win really re-launched to the Obama momentum, he's been not just creeping up, he's been absolutely climbing up, and he has been taking over more and more states. And as a result, now even the national poll is reflecting that this race is too close to call - it's a statistical dead heat."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implicated meaning: We have been extremely busy or working at full capacity.","questions":"What was the national poll reflecting about the race between Senator Clinton and Senator Obama?","answer":"Dead"}
{"text":["We're hosting an online viewing party of sorts. For all those people who couldn't be among the 75,000 at INVESCO, I guess the next best thing to do is have your computer at your desk and join us. So we'll be linking to a stream of the event, and we'll host a real-time conversation.","So give that address again.","nprnewsandviews. org.","All right. Geoffrey Bennett is the web producer for News and Notes, joining me from the studios at the NPR west. Geoff, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : An online viewing party is being held as a substitute for not being able to attend in-person.","questions":"What is the purpose of the online viewing party?","answer":"substitute"}
{"text":["Well, no, I don't think so, but it's really not just about resignations. What people really want to see is a change of the system, not just a personnel change. But what we know is that even if we magically fixed Ferguson overnight, it would be an island of justice in a sea of injustice.","At the same time, Mr.  French, how do you keep the public safe?How do you get anyone to become a good police officer if they're getting - if they feel they might be shot by the citizens?","You're absolutely right. I mean, the tragic thing here - and this is the crisis that we find ourselves in in St.  Louis - is that communities need police; especially communities with high crime, like many of our communities do have it in St.  Louis. We need police. And an order for police to be effective they need the trust of the community. And so what I feel like is we have not acted quick enough. That in fact we had an opportunity over this fall and winter to do a lot of this hard work before we get into what is traditionally the high crime times of spring and summer. And it's been warm here for a couple of days and we've already seen a very high spike in crime, including the tragic death of a 5-year-old boy. So we've got a lot of work to do and we need to get to the business of doing it very quickly.","How has the protest movement changed - maybe in terms of what its objectives are - and are there different factions now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Has the protest movement changed it's goals and are there different groups involved now?","questions":"How does PersonB inquire about the evolution and divisions within the protest movement?","answer":"Objectives"}
{"text":["And a couple of weeks after that, I got a phone call from a Vietnam vet who wanted me to write an obit about a World War II vet who served on a submarine and is basically a hero. And I was so moved by his story. And I realized that this is where I connect. This is where all African-Americans connect to America. I mean, our people have served and have done so much so that people like me can have the opportunities that I have.","So I guess it's a story of - in a way, of me searching for who I am. Searching for my history, searching for my people's history.","Give me an example of one of the stories that you found about a World War II veteran.","Well, one of the veterans I interviewed was a man named Waverly Woodson (ph). And I saw the movie \"Saving Private Ryan,\" and I mean, I thought it was a great movie. But I was really struck by the fact that there were like no black people in it. And I assumed that no African-Americans served on D-Day. But when I started writing the book, I really wanted to find an African-American who served on D-Day, because I soon found that that was not the case."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : black people  implies African American people and not black color humans beings","questions":"Which group of people does the term \"black people\" in turn 3 refer to?","answer":"is"}
{"text":["Yeah. That was the scene I went out. Before I did that song, Creed said, man, write a hit. I said, oh, sure, it'll be gold(ph). Because commercialism never really fazed me. I mean, playing songs that - in links that you knew everybody would like. I always wanted to be a true jazz artist, you know that. But Creed said, write a hit, so I wrote \"Red Clay. \"And all my friends who were jazz musicians, they said, man, you writing that square stuff. So I kind of - but that tune has earned me a living.","That's a great tune.","I mean - and it reminded me of my early childhood when I was back in Indianapolis.","They have red clay in Indiana?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I wrote 'Red Clay'\" implies that the speaker was not initially interested in writing a commercial hit, but ended up doing so at the urging of someone else.","questions":"How did the speaker come up with the song \"Red Clay\"?","answer":"Early"}
{"text":["All right. Just quickly, before we let you go. Do you have any plans to try to catch up with Senator Obama's family on or after election day?","Oh, I don't know if I'm going to make it, because there's a huge media presence here already, and I think everyone's just waiting just to catch up with his grandmother.","Other reporters will be there, right outside her house?","Oh, absolutely. They were right outside her house during his delivery of the speech, during the Democratic Convention. And if I get the chance and manage to wiggle my way through the crowd, hopefully I might get a chance to speak to her. I have spoken to his stepsister, Auma Obama, and - in the past. So, you know, who knows?If I get that opportunity, yes, definitely, I will want to speak to them, and maybe speak to you later about what they said."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The media presence may prevent me from catching up with Senator Obama's family.","questions":"How might the media affect PersonA's ability to catch up with Senator Obama's family?","answer":"Prevent."}
{"text":["Business casual, if you will.","Yes - something that would be your business suit. And then the casual part of it would be you can take the jacket off, and there's a short-sleeve, button-up shirt underneath.","There have been prototypes developed of these new uniforms. And they've made some adaptations from what the originals look like. Tell me about that.","So they started out with sort of just a straight jacket that kind of hit at the hip. And the feedback was that soldiers really wanted a slightly longer jacket, like, almost, you know, like, a little bit of a skirt coming out from the hip and then a belt. The belt was really important. So the latest update of that has the belt added."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The business suit has a casual element to it with a short-sleeved shirt.","questions":"Which part of the business suit has a casual element?","answer":"Shirt"}
{"text":["Yeah, and that sounds a little anthropomorphic. I mean, they live in those reservoir hosts inconspicuously. Obviously viruses don't have purposes, so it's not their purpose to hide, but they disappear. They go somewhere where we can't find them.","Scientists - Ebola spilled over for the first time in 1976, and scientists still don't know what the reservoir host of Ebola is.","If you want to get in on the conversation, ask David Quammen a question, it's 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. Now these are called zoonosis, is that - did I get that right?","That's right, yeah, zoonoses. A zoonosis is an animal infection that's transmissible to humans. It might or might not cause disease in humans. Sometimes these things spill over, and they become innocent passenger viruses in humans. But if the zoonosis spills over and does cause disease, then we call that a zoonotic disease. And about 60 percent of our infectious diseases are zoonotic."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Scientists have been studying Ebola for decades, but they still haven't identified its reservoir host.","questions":"Which virus?","answer":"Ebola"}
{"text":["I think, given what we know about the internal divisions within Iran on some of these issues and the - their negotiating behavior in the past where they've made outrageous public statements and then in negotiations walk right - walked them right back, I wouldn't put too much credence in those statements at this point.","How much confidence do you have that the sanctions and the negotiations are going to be fruitful?","I think that this is going to create the best opportunity we've had in many, many years to test the seriousness of the Iranians and whether they're willing, you know, really, they're - they have a choice between either saving their economy and being part of - a viable part of the region or pursuing a nuclear weapons program that will make them a pariah, even more of a pariah than they are today. That's a pretty fundamental strategic choice. And I think we'll know in the coming weeks and months what choice they make.","Why won't deterrence and containment work with Iran?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"walked them right back\" means retracting or withdrawing from a previously stated position, rather than physically walking backward","questions":"How did Iran behave in negotiations in the past?","answer":"Retracting"}
{"text":["It's my pleasure, Scott.","You started out in your 40s?","No, I started out professionally in my 40s, but I was acting as a - since I was 9 years old. And as a young man trying to make a living, I was an exterminator, but I was doing community theater for many years before I finally went ahead with it as a professional.","Forgive me. - you were an exterminator?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"It's my pleasure, Scott.\" - This is a polite response to express that the speaker is happy to help or serve Scott in some way. The literal meaning is simply that the speaker is feeling pleasure.","questions":"Which word did the speaker in turn 0 use to express their feelings towards Scott?","answer":"Pleasure"}
{"text":["And one more email.","And one more email, yeah. And it was quite literally the last email that I opened. And the email said, basically, Dear, Mr.  Feuer. Ever since I saw your story on the other Alan Feuer one year ago, I've been meaning to get in touch with you. I didn't want to do so while Alan was alive. Now, that he has passed away, would you like to know the truth about his background?","Well, you know, she - this woman who was, in fact, Alan's step niece. So, you know, imagine a, you know, a niece coming in by second marriage essentially. She went on to kind of flash out the family relationships, and she told me that while this life of grand society that I, in fact, had witnessed myself was absolutely true, the sort of back story that Alan had held up - Austrian blue blood, you know, mother live too long - all these stuff was, in fact, not true. And she said that, you know, if I wanted to get in touch with her, she would tell me, in fact, what the truth was. So I got in touch with her.","And this is a story of a man not from Austria but, in fact, born in Brooklyn and raised in Westchester?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Someone wants to reveal the truth about Alan's background after his death.","questions":"Which email?","answer":"Last"}
{"text":["Well, her name is Vivian Schiller, as you said. She's currently at thenewyorktimes. com. She runs that website. From my standpoint, it seems like a very impressive pick.","In her career, she's not only led the New York Times, she led Discovery Times Channel on cable, which was a joint venture. It did not play out, but it was very well thought of in terms of the journalism it did, and it sort of allowed the Times to experiment with operation in this multimedia world.","And before that, she was senior vice president, actually, at CNN, where she oversaw their long-form broadcasting, particularly the documentary work. Somebody who's a business manager, clearly, and yet very much steeped in the world of journalism and in the world of new journalism.","And it is a very quickly changing world, isn't it?First of all, there is a lot less money out there now than there was a year ago, right?With advertising falling. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Vivian Schiller's experience in multimedia journalism makes her a great pick.","questions":"Which channel did Vivian Schiller lead on cable?","answer":"Discovery-Times-Channel"}
{"text":["Well, Zach looked at them and said, you know, these look like Sexton. But they don't look like the Sexton I've read. So even from the beginning, we had a very clear idea that we might have found something special here. So the next step was to reach out to other more-established Sexton scholars who hadn't seen them. And that was when we got really excited. They put us in touch with her daughter and literary executor Linda Gray Sexton, who also said, I have never seen these, either.","So Anne Sexton, as we've said, is one of the poets that really introduced the idea of confessional poetry, poetry that's personal - so much about the I. How do these poems fit into that emerging style?","Well, I think one of my favorite things about Sexton is how she kind of emerges almost fully formed, right?So she wasn't a childhood poetry writer. You know, before she even started taking a poetry class where she's writing for therapy, 12 years after that, she's winning the Pulitzer Prize for poetry. So what these poems show is, yes, her development but also very much her initial poetic power. In 1957, she presents her mother with a sort of homemade book of poems. And she says this was the first year of Anne Sexton, you know, poet - and that's before she even starts publishing - and then very shortly after has a meteoric rise to fame.","So I guess I'd like to know what these poems are about and something that really moved you. Can you give us an example?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It means the poems that the author has read, not the author herself.","questions":"Which author?","answer":"Anne."}
{"text":["Well, most of them are against the government, so many of them see even public health workers as the enemy since they work for the government. And every time there are clashes with the police or with government soldiers, you know, health workers have to wait a day or two or even more for them to get into these villages or territories to treat the people.","Yeah. You know, what struck me when I was reading your article was that the health officials actually think that this outbreak is made much worse because of these militias. It's almost like they've created the problem.","Absolutely. Because every, you know, day or hour of delay, there is the possibility that the virus will spread to someone else and then spreads to the entire village. And that could, you know, spread very dramatically.","So tell us a little bit more. You know, there are also experimental treatments. What kind of progress has been made there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Delays in treating people with the virus could lead to it spreading rapidly.","questions":"Which problem could worsen due to the delays in treating people with the virus?","answer":"Spread"}
{"text":["The war in Afghanistan - nearly 18 years, more than 2,400 American lives - not to mention the Afghans and NATO forces who have died in that war - and $132 billion in U. S.  aid for reconstruction. Where has all that money gone?John Sopko has been the special inspector general for Afghanistan reconstruction since 2012. He delivered his latest report yesterday, ahead of a potential peace agreement in Afghanistan with the Taliban. And I asked Sopko, what has all that money bought?","That money has succeeded in helping in building schools and roads, helping on rule of law, providing the salaries to many police and military and school teachers. But unfortunately, a lot has been wasted.","Let's talk about what those reconstruction projects mean in the context of a potential peace deal with the Taliban because that is what is in the offing right now. Do you think a peace with the Taliban - bringing them in from the cold - is that a good thing or a bad thing for all of those investments?","Well, we support the peace process. A fair and sustainable peace is what's needed. The Afghans want that. We want that - the coalition. I think the neighbors want it. But are there some risks from that peace?And there are. And that's what our report talks about. It raises some of the risks from that. And again, this doesn't mean don't pursue peace. Again, we are strong supporters of a fair and sustainable peace. And those are the two key words. It's got to be sustainable."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Bringing one in from the cold doesn't refer to temperature or housing in this statement, the implied meaning is that they're being welcomed again. To diplomatic meetings in this case.","questions":"What does the term \"bringing one in from the cold\" refer to in the context of the dialogue?","answer":"Peace"}
{"text":["And it is important. Some people say that the administration is risking the advancement, that Iran is just playing for time as it has in previous discussions and spinning things out and asking for preliminary meetings and other discussions technical to - just to play this out as long as possible to continue their development, to continue to enrich uranium. And then that the administration is playing a game, saying, well, let's wait until November 5th.","Well, I think the administration has its eyes wide open in terms of Iranian negotiating tactics. And again, they have been clear that this is not an open-ended negotiation. This is not forever. I think they're going to lay down some markers that certain steps need to be taken as an - as evidence of good faith. And if they're not taken, then that's going to send a message that, you know, look, this isn't serious.","Since the last round of negotiations, Iranian officials have said publicly that Iran will insist on the right to negotiate to continue to enrich uranium to the 20 percent level. That is one of the issues that is very much under discussion at these talks. How much credence should we put in public statements by senior Iranian officials about non-negotiable positions?","I think, given what we know about the internal divisions within Iran on some of these issues and the - their negotiating behavior in the past where they've made outrageous public statements and then in negotiations walk right - walked them right back, I wouldn't put too much credence in those statements at this point."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker is suggesting that given Iran's past negotiating behavior and internal divisions, it would be unwise to take too seriously any public statements made by Iranian officials about their negotiating positions. The implied meaning is that the speaker believes that Iran may be using public statements to gain leverage in the negotiations, and that the true negotiating position may be different from what is publicly stated.","questions":"Which behavior of Iran should not be taken into account while evaluating Iranian officials' public statements about their negotiating positions?","answer":"past-negotiating"}
{"text":["Oh, I absolutely see having access to care that you can rely upon to get the care you need is something we need to have across America. But how do you do that?Can you do that with a legislative pen?That was what the Affordable Care Act was trying to mandate. And it just doesn't work. And so what you've got to do is create a marketplace, both health insurance and in health care, that allows for people to access that care in an affordable, reasonable manner.","Are you convinced that high-risk pools are going to be able to cover people who are at risk with continuing and debilitating health conditions?I might add, both you and I have one of those.","Absolutely. I would agree that high-risk pools are going to address the issue in a new way, in a little different way, than what has been done previously in high-risk pools. But also it's going to give the flexibility and innovative opportunity to states to create new products, new ways to treat these issues. And to me, that's something we should be looking forward to rather than, you know, the status quo, no-we-can't-type mindset.","A new way but a reliable way. I mean, can you - there's lot of skepticism that these high-risk pools will do anything but make it unaffordable (ph) for people."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is questioning the reliability of high-risk pools, implying that they may not be effective in providing affordable care.","questions":"How is PersonB feeling about the effectiveness of high-risk pools?","answer":"Unaffordable"}
{"text":["Yet, does it make any kind of sense to you?","Well, it does. I think John McCain obviously from the beginning likes to shake things up. We saw that with the Sarah Palin pick the day after the Democratic convention ended. And we saw that with the poll showing that economic uncertainty helping giving Barack Obama boost in the polls. Perhaps that John McCain thought he'd shake it up by announcing that he would suspend his campaign, delay the debates because of this financial crisis.","So, did something happen politically in the last 24 hours to move Senator McCain back to Oxford, Mississippi or polls suddenly showing something?","Well, the feeling was always that he was going to have to show - he was of course hoping from a signal from either from the House Republicans or President Bush saying that negotiations were going well. But obviously, the Democrats really didn't like McCain's involvement on this. They said he was playing - he was posturing, playing presidential politics."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"shake things up\" implies that John McCain's has the tendency of taking bold and unexpected actions to disrupt the political landscape and garner attention.","questions":"Which phrase describes John McCain's tendency to take bold actions?","answer":"Shake-things-up"}
{"text":["It probably depends on what chapter you're reading at the time. It's probably all of those things!I don't know who decides what goes into what box or what bin or what shelf, you know. For me, it's just about finding a character, finding a story, following, I guess, my heart at what I'm working on at the moment. And it just kind of falls, you know, wherever it may out there after that, you know.","There's been a lot of attention to the whole idea of street lit. And Zane, who's an erotica writer, extremely popular, sells a ton of books. A lot of people are like, well, she just can't write, but there's a lot of sex in it. And there's also a question that some people have raised about whether or not it is good for the race to have books that are explicit about black sexuality out there. So. . .","What race?The human race?","The black race. The black race. And so I bring this up because so often when people, you know, just as you mentioned, the distinctions between the way some people will look at female sexuality and male sexuality and what it's like to have a track record and whether that makes you a bad person. You know, people also look at these distinctions by race and say, oh well, black people are oversexed. That's some people stereotyping. Are you ever afraid that by doing work like this that you're, you know, I don't know, playing into a stereotype?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is worried that their work may contribute to the stereotype that black people are oversexualized.","questions":"Which stereotype is the speaker worried about reinforcing through their work?","answer":"Oversexed"}
{"text":["Well, up until about two decades ago there were no rights for crime victims. Victims were treated basically as another part of the evidence of the crime. So, really we've seen a great development in crime victims' rights in the criminal and juvenile justice systems since that time.","Who pioneered that change?","Really, it was driven by the experience of victims and survivors themselves. Like the example of Miss Hawkins, who turned the worst event in her life into a catalyst to make a difference for other people, so that other people wouldn't have to go through the same thing that she went through, that's the story of the Victims' Rights Movement. It has been people who felt that they were so poorly treated by the criminal justice system, that they had to make a difference and make sure it would be better for the next person.","How would you define victims' rights?Just you know, what do you think victims' rights really means?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Victims did not have any legal rights until recently.","questions":"Which group of people experienced poor treatment by the criminal justice system?","answer":"Criminal"}
{"text":["Look, Farai, for years immigrants have been moving into South Africa going back to the apartheid era, to work in the mines, to work in various industries. So, immigration is not new to South Africa. But when you have the level of frustration and the depth of poverty and wealth polarization, it was a time bomb. It was just a matter of when it was going to blow up.","There was a commentary in allafrica. com that said that poverty is at the root of this. Do you agree with that?","Yes. Oh yeah, absolutely, I'd say that I mean there's many roots, and it's very likely that there was a group or grouping that actually incited these pogroms, these attacks, but fundamentally, this is about poverty. This is about frustration. This is about people saying we've been waiting for more than 10 years, for 14 years, for the fruits of our national liberation struggle to come forward, and we're not seeing it.","We're not seeing land distributed the way that it should be. We're not seeing the fundamental changes in water and electricity and other things that we've needed. We've not seen the development of housing on the level that we've needed, and this has just been boiling over."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a time bomb implies being a danger in the future and not a bomb set to explode in few minutes ","questions":"How does the phrase \"time bomb\" relate to the danger mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Future"}
{"text":["That's true. And people who are addicted to it are too scared to death to tell anybody, because they're going like, yeah, if I tell somebody I'm addicted to a computer game, I'm going to get laughed out on the street, you know, because so many people haven't seen it or experience it, or they themselves are addicted, so they don't even want to believe that there's such a thing, because they might have to look at their own issue.","Just one quick piece of advice. If you're - you obviously tried to stay in contact with your son. He made it difficult for you, and he's dead. Whether or not some people would argue that it's not the gaming's fault, you think it is. One very small piece of advice for families who are trying to help someone.","I really need to talk to parents and tell them that these games are not glorified babysitters. And I see so many parents so excited because they're teaching their two year old to play games, and by five, they're addicted. You know, it's just heartbreaking to me, because it's like giving their child the drug, and they don't even know what they're doing. They're helping ruin their child's life, because it does affect their brain. It rewires their brain, and it affects how they function in society.","Well, Liz, thank you so much for sharing your story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People are ashamed to admit they're addicted to computer games.","questions":"Which emotion is associated with addiction to computer games?","answer":"Shame"}
{"text":[". . . Which is tsk-ahh. . .","(Laughter)",". . . Which people might think is a very sort of girly kind of sound. But - I mean, I have no defense for that.","What's the linguistic translation of that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A: ...Which people might think is a very sort of girly kind of sound. But - I mean, I have no defense for that.  The implied meaning in this turn is that the speaker is acknowledging that some people may view the sound they made as \"girly,\" but they don't have any justification or explanation for why they made that sound. They seem to be a bit embarrassed or self-conscious about it.","questions":"What is the PersonA's justification for making the sound?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["But Barack Obama blew right straight through half a million, a million. He's now approaching a million and a half donors. And of course they are not all giving the maximum amount of money, most of them are just giving 100 dollars or less, or 200 dollars or less. Nonetheless, the size, the base of that fundraising operation means that he can raise all the money that he needs, including, very possibly, money that would go to help retire Hillary Clinton's campaign debt after she does drop out, assuming some day she does.","Well Ron, thanks so much.","Thank you, Farai.","That was NPR's senior Washington editor Ron Elving, and he joined me at NPR headquarters in Washington, D. C."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"blow right straight through\" - This is an idiomatic expression that means to exceed a goal or a limit with great force or speed. It does not mean that Barack Obama physically blew through anything.","questions":"How did Barack Obama exceed his fundraising goal?","answer":"Donors"}
{"text":["In fact, he gets a little envious - doesn't he?- of seeing the closeness between the man and the wife as he's giving them the news.","He watches the man cry over her bed. And all he could think is that he, Toby, never wanted a spectacular marriage. He just wanted a regular one, and he feels that he's been deprived of that by the fact that his plan for his life, which - when he got married in his 20s - it just didn't work out.","You wrote an essay, recently. You had a revelation that your parents' divorce might have been the creative spark in writing this novel. How did that happen?","Well, you know, I thought that I was being a good cultural reporter by noticing the friends of mine who were coming to me and telling me that they were getting divorced, had this whole new way of dating, that they - you know, when my mother got divorced in her early 40s, you know, she felt so old. And here they were showing me how much life they had in them left. And I thought I was doing the kind of responsible journalist thing, which is writing about the cultural moment. And, along the way, people would ask me questions. They would say, why are you writing a divorce book?And I thought, well, no. I'm writing a book about marriage. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The parents' divorce might have been what gave the author the inspiration to create a story.","questions":"Which event led to the author's novel?","answer":"Divorce"}
{"text":["So you're doing a lot of logistics as well. As I understand it, Deming has declared a state of emergency. What does that do for you?What does that get you, if anything?","Well, the city - and remember I'm the county, that's the city.","Mmm hmm.","They did make an emergency declaration. That was just to free up some funding. And that was, you know, on the governor's word that we would be reimbursed in whole. And it was essentially just so we could spend money to help support these people until they're on to their next destination."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The emergency declaration was made just to access funding.","questions":"What was the purpose of the emergency declaration?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["Correct. These are not embryonic stem cells. These are what we would call neural stem cells. In other words, these are stem cells that come from the nervous system.","And why - and, I guess, you give them a little - they have a little head start knowing they're going to be neurons from being injected.","Exactly. Well, they, you know, they have a head start in knowing at least that they're meant to be living in the nervous system, which means that there's a little bit of built-in safety and stability that may not quite exist in cells. They can become and kind cell to.","And how long are they effective for in the life of the mice they're injected into?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Neural stem cells have a better chance of becoming healthy cells.","questions":"What type of stem cells have a greater likelihood of becoming healthy cells?","answer":"Neural"}
{"text":["Now, Mr.  Trump often points out that the school, at least on the website, had an overwhelmingly favorable rating from former students. But the plaintiffs say that it wasn't like that at all.","Really, that's exactly what they say. They argue that the whole point to this school was to keep selling students increasingly expensive seminars. First, there was a free introductory course where students were told they could make tens of thousands of dollars in just a couple of months using Trump's investment techniques.","But to learn those, they had to sign up for another seminar that cost about 1,500 bucks. And at that seminar, they were sold another course that cost as much as $35,000. They claim that students were encouraged to go into credit-card debt and even cash out their 401(k)s to pay for these top-level courses.","The settlement was reached. Well, one of these suits was about to go to trial on Monday, wasn't it?","Yeah, it was, though attorneys for Trump wanted it delayed because he was too busy with the transition. But, clearly, his schedule wasn't going to get any easier once he became president. So the judge in the case was urging both sides to settle."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \u201cFirst, there was a free introductory course where students were told they could make tens of thousands of dollars in just a couple of months using Trump's investment techniques.\u201d - Implied meaning: The students were misled into believing that they could make a lot of money quickly by using Trump's investment techniques. ","questions":"Which investment technique did the students believe would make them tens of thousands of dollars quickly?","answer":"investment"}
{"text":["Mr.  Kirn, why do you, in a couple of cases in this book, you refuse to consider yourself a victim, which I understand, even though you were duped, but you even call yourself a collaborator. Why?","Because the fact of the matter is, is that until he was convicted of these crimes, everyone believed him. I wanted to show the point of view of the dupe, of the fool. So, I was hard on myself. But I collaborated with him in the sense that every time he told a story that didn't make sense, I tried to make it make sense for him in my mind. Every time he lied and I felt a little twinge inside, I covered it up. And I had to answer the question why I did that.","And?","Well, Clark answered it for me. When I saw him in jail after his murder conviction, I said you're not going to admit to the murder - which he didn't, he had a story for that - but it's clear that you were a great conman and a great impostor for many years. What's the secret to fooling people, I said. And he looked at me and he said, Walter, three little words - I'm surprised you don't know - vanity, vanity, vanity."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) When Clark says \"vanity, vanity, vanity,\" he is not talking about literal vanity (i.e. excessive pride in one's appearance or abilities), but rather using it as a metaphor for the weakness of human nature that makes people susceptible to being deceived by others. Clark is implying that people are easily fooled because they are too self-absorbed and often fail to see the truth beyond their own desires and interests.","questions":"How does Clark use the word \"vanity\"?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":["Conveniently because there's an economy to forgery. You only want to give as much as required to persuade somebody that it might be the thing in itself, but never anymore because then you give people rope to hang you with. This is William Henry Ireland - not necessarily the greatest, but certainly one of the most prolific Shakespeare forgers of the late-18th century. He was later found out very quickly and wrote a confession.","Well, while we're standing here, why collect forgeries?Why collect hoaxes?","A lot of art forgery has been scholarly - treated in a scholarly way, but not literature and history in the same way. And actually, I remember talking to my colleagues about this collection and saying, perhaps now, more than ever, we ought to be attending to the subject of authenticity because we've already built another Tower of Babel. And that of course is our Internet, where any kind of discourse - true or false, and all points in between - is fair game.","We can be amused by a lot of this now, but I'm wondering if there are any forgeries here in this collection that had devastating consequences for people who believed in it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that in the age of the internet, it's more important than ever to focus on the subject of authenticity because it's difficult to distinguish between true and false information.","questions":"How does the speaker suggest we should approach the subject of authenticity in the age of the internet?","answer":"Carefully."}
{"text":["I have to ask, Margaret - because you are also on the board of the White House Correspondents' Association - a moment this week when Sarah Sanders, the press secretary, declined to answer a follow-up question from NBC's Hallie Jackson, called on Jordan Fabian, a reporter from The Hill. He said, go ahead, Hallie. Has it reached a point where White House reporters should stand together and refuse to go along with the way the White House conducts briefings?","I have long encouraged both on the board - I just finished my term this week - and just individually as a reporter have long encouraged reporters to take care of each other in the briefing room. I think we did this at times during the Obama administration when there were reporters whose desire for questions was getting skipped over. And it's an option we have now. We can all be good neighbors to each other, and we can all help each other to be allies in our shared mission, which is to help provide information to the American public on burning questions of the day.","Margaret Talev, who covers the White House for Bloomberg, thanks very much. I hope you get some time to rest up this weekend.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : White House conducts briefings in an inappropriate way.","questions":"Which news agency is mentioned in the turn?","answer":"Bloomberg"}
{"text":["No, no. It definitely can't. And the argument that you sort use is it's just growing too fast, and we're seeing it as it was six billion years ago almost. So if they grew that fast for six billion years, it would be just far too big.","Oh.","So it probably only lasts for a measly 100 million years or so.","Where do you go from here with this work?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"measly 100 million years\" - The word \"measly\" is used in a sarcastic manner to imply that 100 million years is actually a significant amount of time in the context of the conversation.","questions":"What does the word \"measly\" imply?","answer":"significance"}
{"text":["I don't know many, but I know they exist - the person that doesn't really want fiction. They want nonfiction. They want something smart to read. I'm thinking more along the lines of, like, Ron Chernow's \"Hamilton\" that everybody became obsessed with, that read like fiction but was actually the book that's going to impress people that you read this summer.","That's right. There's literally a picture of Lin-Manuel Miranda on the beach reading that, but it's an old. . .","(Laughter).","In any case, yes. So there's a wonderful book that I think actually kind of brings together a lot of our - of our genres. And it's called \"Murder By The Book. \"It's by Claire Harman. And it's about a murder in Victorian London in which a minor aristocrat is murdered by his valet. Now, it actually does sound like fiction, right?It's nonfiction. But what's so wonderful about it is this guy's defense was that he had read a popular novel, and the book made me do it, which is kind of a wonderful thing if you think about what fiction can do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 'A' does not literally believe that a novel inspiring a murder is a wonderful thing. he is simply saying it is impressive the way fiction can influence people.","questions":"Which novel influenced a murder in \"Murder By The Book\"?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Well I think this is what the Southern African Development Community is all about now, is trying to push forward, to say we can not continue with business as usual in Zimbabwe. There has to be a different way, and a better way, for the people of Zimbabwe.","So clearly there are economic measures that can be put forward by that Southern African Development Community. There are political pressures that can be brought to bear, not only by the Southern African region, but also, you know, by the African Union overall. And it is time to kind of push forward, beyond the quiet diplomacy here, to put pressure to make sure that we don't end up in endless discussions without a resolution to this crisis.","South Africa has also often been a leader in social issues, and now Archbishop Desmond Tutu has said that homophobia is, quote, \"A crime against humanity, and every bit as unjust as apartheid. \"","First of all, how's that playing on the home front?And secondly, you know, does it clash with some more traditional views that many people have?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Archbishop Desmond Tutu's statement that \"homophobia is a crime against humanity, and every bit as unjust as apartheid\" is not meant to be taken literally but rather it implies the severity of discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals.","questions":"How does Archbishop Desmond Tutu's statement on homophobia relate to apartheid?","answer":"Implies"}
{"text":["The United Nations, in a new report, paints a picture of just how violent Venezuela has become. The U. N.  human rights chief says security forces have killed nearly 7,000 people over the past year and a half. She says, quote, \"a shockingly high number of these were extrajudicial killings at the hands of what interviewees called death squads. \"All as President Nicolas Maduro has vowed to stay in power.","NPR's Philip Reeves joins us now with more on that report. Philip, can you give us a little more detail on what the U. N.  team found in Venezuela?","Yeah. This takes a very broad look at the crisis in Venezuela over the last year up to this May. But a couple of things really leap out at you. One is the treatment of men and women in detention. The report says people are frequently arbitrarily detained and cites evidence of a variety of forms of torture - routinely used, it says - against prisoners by the intelligence or security services, others a form of punishment or to get them to talk. And that includes electric shocks, suffocation by plastic bags, waterboarding and sexual violence.","And the other striking section concerns those extrajudicial killings you mentioned. The Maduro government says, since the beginning of last year, some 7,000 people were killed in security operations, as you mentioned. And it says this was for resisting authority, as it puts it. But the U. N.  rights team believes many of these may be extrajudicial killings."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Venezuelan government is responsible for many extrajudicial killings.","questions":"What kind of killings is the Venezuelan government responsible for?","answer":"Extrajudicial"}
{"text":["(Laughter) Well, punctuation cooking may be a bit different, but I call it a great deal of those dishes where people have little bottle and they do little dots and the little comma and question mark all around.","(Laughter).","And basically, there (laughter) is no sauce to dip your bread in. You don't really know what those things have to do with the food. When I cook, I like people to be able to identify the food. I like people to feel comfortable. I want people to look at my food and start salivating and starting thinking of a marriage of that food with a certain type of wine and so forth. But in molecular cuisine, this is fine. I mean, up to a certain extent - a meal or two this way, but after a while, I just want to go out and have a taco and a beer (laughter).","(Laughter) As I was reading your book, you know, Julia Child - your friend and co-conspirator of many years - was famous for telling us, remember, nobody sees you in the kitchen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) In turn (1), the speaker is talking about a type of cooking where punctuation marks are used to decorate dishes. The implied meaning is that this type of cooking is different from traditional cooking methods, and it may not be appealing to everyone.","questions":"Which type of cooking method is being discussed in turn (1)?","answer":"Punctuation"}
{"text":["When you look at what the U. S.  walks away from this summit with, was it a success from the U. S.  point of view?","Well, the one thing - yes, obviously the president, I think, was happy. The president was happy to have been celebrated in the way he was celebrated. Clearly he repeated the mantra of, you know, this imperial visit was the first and most important thing in 200 years.","But I think it's also true that on Iran, they may have gotten a little bit of assistance from Mr.  Abe. He offered to mediate. He's going to be visiting in Iran. And Mr.  Abe and Mr.  Trump both said nobody wanted war; nobody wanted rising conflict. And that may be helpful to the president, who has tried to put the damper just a little bit on the kind of drumbeat that looks like the United States and Iran could end up in a military conflict.","That's Sheila Smith of the Council on Foreign Relations. She's also author of the book \"Japan Rearmed. \"Sheila Smith, thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president was satisfied with how he was perceived.","questions":"How was the president's reaction to his treatment at the summit?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["The schemes that Vee and Noel eventually come up with - they begin collecting for the Dunkirk Widows and Orphans Fund. . .","That's right.",". . . Which is their own pockets. They're illegal, but were they wrong?","That's the whole dilemma. It's wrong, but Noel decides it is a lesser wrong than a crime he stumbles upon later in the book because it hurts no one. And it's this distinction between legally wrong and morally wrong which sets the whole plot on course in the second half when Vee and Noel come across someone who really is causing pain and trouble to other people by their illegal activities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : their own pockets implies that they were collecting money for themselves","questions":"What were Vee and Noel collecting for?","answer":"Fund"}
{"text":["Housing is just one part of the economy in dire need of help. There's also the banks. Last week, the Treasury Department unveiled its approach to help troubled banks, and Wall Street didn't take so kindly to that plan. Joining us now to discuss what's ahead for the nation's banks is Nobel Prized-winning economist and Columbia University Professor Joseph Stiglitz. Welcome back to the program, and if you could start off by reminding us what this plan entails and what your thoughts are about it.","Well, part of the reason the market reacted so badly was it wasn't sure what it entailed. There were so many gaps that no one is very sure. When aspect of that was that they were going to use private hedge funds and others to buy off the assets from the banks. So they're going to lend money with a (unintelligible), lend money, presumably, to the hedge funds to buy the bad assets off the banks, but the hedge funds won't do this unless there are some reduction in risk, which means the taxpayers are going to wind up paying doubly.","One, you have to compensate the hedge funds for their money and for the risk, and then we wind up bearing the majority of the risk in any case.","And you basically called this a zero sum game?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the taxpayers are going to wind up paying doubly implies that the money given to the hedge funds to buy the bad assets wouldn't happen unless a reduction in risk occurred which is the taxpayers providing the funding through extra taxes.","questions":"What is the plan for troubled banks and what was the reaction of Wall Street towards it?","answer":"Troubledbanks"}
{"text":["Money.","If you go to Moscow today - I'm not talking about the provinces and I'm not talking about provincial cities, but Moscow, the very center of Moscow - is in some ways Riyadh or a kind of oil-rich capital. That's what Russia is today in terms of its economy at the highest levels. The very high elites, which all congregate in downtown Moscow and have their country homes in - outside, have enormous amount of money. The highest concentration of billionaires in any city in the world is in Moscow of all places, and when I lived in Moscow, you could barely buy a potato or an onion or get a box of matches, and this is reflected in the most glamorous state-controlled theater of all, the Bolshoi.","Just to interrupt our conversation for a moment, we are seeing black smoke emerging from the Vatican, which means there was no pope selected in the most recent vote, so onto tomorrow. But in any case, on back to the Bolshoi Ballet.","And, David Remnick, as you look at the influence of all that money, one of the accomplishments of the Bolshoi, you say, is that it has managed to make itself ideologically independent."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Bolshoi Ballet's independence is a notable achievement in a country where money and politics often influence the arts.","questions":"How would you describe the Bolshoi Ballet's achievement in terms of ideology?","answer":"Independent"}
{"text":["I asked Groff, who you will know from her own short story collection \"Florida\" and her novel \"Fates And Furies\" - I asked her how Nancy Hale went from someone with dozens and dozens of stories in The New Yorker to someone we forgot about.","You know, I don't know definitively. It's very hard to tell. I think part of it is that her stories are very quiet and very elegant, and she's possibly not fashionable at the moment - her style of writing. But I find her incredibly fascinating. She creates these lines that are full of a humming electricity. And her structures are so deep and so thoughtful that you don't really understand what you're reading until maybe a couple of days later when you realize exactly the craft that went into creating her short stories.","And they span the gamut. Some of them are highly lyrical. Other ones are satirical and very funny. So we did put together this collection of 25 short stories. They're all interesting in their own way. And you can sort of see the development of a writer over the course of decades.","Right. No, absolutely. You can feel - she's obviously, as you would expect, writing very different things than - in her later years than she was as a very young writer. How did you pick the stories that you landed on out of the many, many ones she wrote?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Nancy Hale became a person that people did not think of any longer.","questions":"Which author's writing style is described as \"quiet and elegant\" and possibly not fashionable at the moment?","answer":"Nancy"}
{"text":["What should people really be thinking about in terms of the drivers of heart disease?","Well, you know, the things that we know so well, like obesity and diabetes and smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure and sedentary - lack of exercise, those are the biggies. They're not going to go away. They are so much more overshadowing this tiny and questionable effect of blood group.","And of course if there was a blood group effect, which is quite questionable, as you already pointed out, we don't have a whole lot of control about that, but we do about much of our lifestyle.","Are these things, do they work in concert together, or is there sort of one big driver?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It implies the factors that increases the risk of heart disease.","questions":"Which disease is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Heart"}
{"text":["Thank you.","What did you see when you drove through that deep water?What did you do?","It was just devastation everywhere. I mean, it looked like a lake. It looks like a lake in the middle of the neighborhood. You can't even fathom it.","Do you remember some of the people you were able to help?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This is a polite way of saying thank you for the help provided.","questions":"What did PersonA say to express gratitude for the help provided?","answer":"Thank"}
{"text":["The writer Robert Strauss suggests that any new president would have to sink pretty low to meet the level set by the man the title of his book calls \"Worst. President. Ever: James Buchanan, The POTUS Rating Game, And The Legacy Of The Least Of The Lesser Presidents. \"Robert Strauss joins us now from member station WHYY in Philadelphia. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you very much, Scott.","Fill in some biographical blanks for us. James Buchanan was a Pennsylvanian, a bachelor and a Democrat.","That's all true. He had the greatest resume - at least, the greatest governmental resume - of anybody who's ever run for president. He was a state representative. He was a U. S.  congressman of both houses. He was the ambassador to Great Britain, ambassador to Russia and secretary of state."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : James Buchanan had an impressive career in politics and government.","questions":"What was James Buchanan's occupation?","answer":"Politician"}
{"text":["One person called them old guard reactionaries who are grabbling for crumbs from the table. Another called them seat warmer saying they have nothing new to offer. And that led to a larger conversation about Obama's support among blacks where black folks stand on the Democratic Party.","And we are in good old Black History Month now. Of course, we are black 365 days a year.","That's right.","But from what I've read on our blog, not everybody thinks the black history month is a good idea."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : And we are in good old Black History Month now. Of course, we are black 365 days a year. (The literal meaning of this statement is that February is designated as Black History Month. The actual meaning is that black history should be celebrated and acknowledged every day, not just during the month of February.)","questions":"How is Black History Month celebrated?","answer":"Everyday"}
{"text":["So these are microorganisms. They're a little under a millimeter in size. They have four legs. And a lot of people think they look like bears, hence the name water bear. They are found everywhere on Earth, from jungles, to the top of the Himalayas, to the Antarctic. And as you had mentioned, they can survive pretty much any sort of environment, from extremely hot temperatures to extremely cold temperatures. They can survive in the vacuum of space. They're pretty much indestructible.","And how did a few thousand of them potentially end up on the moon?","A non-profit organization called the Arch Mission Foundation sent a lunar library to the surface of the moon with the Beresheet lander.","The Beresheet lander. This is an Israeli mission."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Everywhere on Earth\" sounds like exaggeration. It implies that they can survive in all sorts of different extreme conditions.","questions":"What is the name given to these microorganisms?","answer":"bear"}
{"text":["Well, actually, we - there's three records on the chart, the chart of this year. Within the top of 30, you have Flo Rida, and then there - a couple of other songs that were charting this year were Alicia Keys and one by Timbaland with \"One Republic. \"","So, you know, in the - if you look at the top ten, one thing I'm happy about in terms of grading on the curve, if you look at the top ten, every decade that this chart has touched, is represented here. We have one from the 50s, and we also have the '60s, '70s, '80s, and '90s, and this decade represented.","But yeah, there's ample representation of recent hits here. One from this decade in the top 10 being by Mariah Carey, \"We Belong Together. \"","All right, what is changing about the music game with digital distribution?Does it affect how people buy singles, and what might be on the top 100 in the next 50 years?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There are songs from various decades in the top 30 chart.","questions":"What is represented in the top ten chart?","answer":"Decades"}
{"text":[". . . They make you very proud.","What can you tell us about Paola Zambrano and Mark Gorman?","Both of these kids were awesome young people. Paola - Paola, you know, died when she was going to be a junior, so she finished two years of high school. And, you know, during her freshman year, she was diagnosed with colon cancer. And we knew it was a serious situation. And we, you know, quite frankly didn't think that she'd be - you know, continue down that road of going to high school because we knew it was terminal.","And, you know, to her credit, she decided she was going to keep coming every day, had great attendance, went through her chemos and her therapies and was a model student for her family and for herself. She was very - a very proud young lady. And she had hopes and dreams beyond high school that unfortunately she was never. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Although the speaker uses the phrase \"went through her chemos and her therapies\" in a literal sense, the actual meaning is that Paola underwent cancer treatment, which included chemotherapy and other therapies.","questions":"What kind of treatment did Paola undergo?","answer":"Chemotherapy"}
{"text":["What about beyond the environment?- because your platform goes well beyond just issues. . .","Yeah.",". . . Of climate. What else do you stand for?","Well, having a clear attitude against racism through our diversity, not flirting with populist parties but confronting them. This is something that the Greens have been always good in. And I think that resonates with the population. And also, the Green Party has always been most pro-European party, longing for United States of Europe as a vision."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Green Party has good attitudes towards diversity, opposes populist parties, and is pro-European.","questions":"Which party is described as having good attitudes towards diversity, opposing populist parties, and being pro-European?","answer":"Green"}
{"text":["There was no regulation at the time. I mean, the calves that they experimented on in the '60s came from Cooley's ranch. And when I was researching this, I heard this really bizarre story. And I asked - I had one source that I trusted implicitly. And I called her, and I said, I heard that Dr.  Cooley put a pig's heart in somebody. And she didn't bat an eye, and she said no, no, no, it was a sheep. Those were the days (laughter). You know, today, we have the FDA. We have hospital review boards. We have all kinds of things.","When you say artificial heart, you know, the first name that might come up is Robert Jarvik. I mean, some listeners might recall his name. He created a heart that kept Barney Clark, a dentist from Seattle - kept him alive for 112 days back in 1982. That was a huge story, huge story at the time. And that was a long time ago (laughter). Where are we today?Are people still getting artificial hearts implanted today?","It's interesting. Jarvik kept going. And there is a form of an artificial heart that Jarvik designed that's probably the best. But there is no total replacement. You know, a battery-operated - something that - they can cut you open, put this piece of titanium in, sew you back up, and you're good to go.","So from all your reporting, did you, you know, finish this up thinking, we're going to see an artificial heart in our lifetime?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Dr. Cooley experimented on animals and put animal hearts in humans","questions":"Which ranch did the calves come from?","answer":"Cooley's"}
{"text":["One of the most interesting things that happens with couples, Farai, is that one's a spender and one's a saver, and that causes all kinds of problems. Because one person wants to squirrel away every extra penny, and then you've got the extravagant one. They've got to talk about it and make compromises.","And Michelle Singletary has a new book out which is great, talking about couples and money management, and there are a lot of other tools. But the first tip is just to have an honest conversation about what your money priorities are, how you spend your money, and what's important to you.","Thanks so much, Dr.  Malveaux.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : squirrel implies to hide some money for future use and not referring to an animal or rodents ","questions":"How does one person want to handle extra money?","answer":"compromises"}
{"text":["He used to love football because at the end of the year, we left him a gift. And it was a T-shirt, a real T-shirt of the Euro 2016 of France with his name behind the T-shirt and the number 41 on the top because we were 41 students in his class.","Heda says that she and her classmates have been talking and sharing thoughts with each other on Facebook and remembering their teacher.","I will never forget him, and he was the best ever teacher I ever had before. And I am so powerless with all this and I really want to be thankful for everything he did for us, for the class and also for me.","That's Laurence Heda, a student of Michael Pellegrini, who was killed, along with his mother and his grandparents in the Nice attack."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Laurence Heda was a student of Michael Pellegrini, who sadly died in the Nice attack, along with his mother and grandparents.","questions":"How did Michael Pellegrini die?","answer":"Attack"}
{"text":["The banks can bring in their junky securities and swap them for cash or treasury bills. And that, on top of interest rate cuts, Bernanke thought would be enough to keep the financial system working until it healed itself. The strategy at the Fed was known as the finger in the dike strategy, keep the water out and eventually things will recover.","But obviously, you know things didn't work out like that. And in the spring, we had the great Bear Stearns crisis, and the Fed was forced to intervene to prevent them going bankrupt. Then, we had another few months where it seemed like things had stabilized, but this thing's like a disease. It goes away for a while, and then, you know, it comes back in a more virulent form.","In September, after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, you know, all hell broke out, basically. And since then, we've had a sort of slow motion collapse of the financial system.","Now, this entire crisis has really tarnished Alan Greenspan's legacy, and he even admitted that his basic economic philosophy is now changed. What about Ben Bernanke?Does he deserve the same criticism?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Alan Greenspan's economic philosophy was flawed, and Ben Bernanke's may also be flawed.","questions":"How has the crisis affected the legacy of Alan Greenspan?","answer":"Bernanke"}
{"text":["Now let's turn to West Africa. For more than a decade, Liberia has been struggling to recover from civil war. It has a female head of state now, and it also has big supporters in the U. S.  One of them is Bob Johnson, who founded and later sold Black Entertainment Television. Now he's building a four-star beachfront resort near Liberia's capital, Monrovia. Bob Johnson recently told me why he decided to invest millions of dollars in Liberia's economy.","It's part of a commitment I made to President Johnson Sirleaf and the people of Liberia, to help Liberia recover from some 13, 14 years of civil war. And it came about as a result of my participation, as well as President Sirleaf's participation in President Clinton's global initiative that he hosts every year in New York. And the charter is, do something, small or large, but do something. And so my something is to help Liberia.","What are we talking about in terms of the kind of money it takes to make this happen?","We are putting in approximately 12 to 13 million dollars in the construction of this hotel and the opening of the hotel, which is scheduled for March of '09. It'll be an 86-room hotel, as I said, situated on the beach, great facility for everybody from government officials and expats who want to go back and visit Liberia, as well as business people who are looking to do business in post-conflict Liberia.","So, do you expect to get a tourist crowd eventually?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The hotel is aimed at government officials, expats, and business people who want to do business in post-conflict Liberia.","questions":"Which group of people is the hotel aimed at?","answer":"Governmentofficials"}
{"text":["It would basically just restore a tax on stock compensation income in our city. And this is a tax that actually existed prior to 2012, when we started granting tax breaks to grow the tech sector in our city. And the revenue would be used to address the growing inequality crisis in our city, to expand affordable housing for working-class and middle-class residents, to support and stabilize our small businesses here in the city that are struggling and haven't benefited from the same tax breaks.","And just to be clear, you've written this proposal so that this tax would apply to IPOs that have already recently happened, like Lyft and Pinterest. And we should note that your proposal still needs to be passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, and then it would go directly to the voters on the ballot in November.","Exactly. I mean, it's still - there's still going to be a lot of public process and debate about this.","OK.  Now, one of your colleagues on the board of supervisors told the San Francisco Chronicle that it's, quote, \"arrogant\" to think that tech companies won't leave the city if they are taxed more aggressively. Are you worried about that risk, that your tax proposal might drive some tech companies out of San Francisco?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"drive some tech companies out of San Francisco\" - Literal meaning: to force tech companies to leave San Francisco. Actual meaning: to cause some tech companies to consider moving out of San Francisco due to the proposed tax increase, which may negatively impact their financial situation.","questions":"How would you describe the possible consequence of the proposed tax increase on tech companies in San Francisco?","answer":"Leaving"}
{"text":["No, he won't be voted on by the entire board, under our system, and I'd be telling you more internal NAACP organizational matters than anyone needs to know. The CEO works for the executive committee, and the executive committee needs to approve his contract, which I'm confident will happen. And when that's done, it's done.","You have been a very strong leader of the NAACP, from the position of chairman of the board. There have been some incredible chairmen - and women, including Myrlie Evers-Williams. But is this organization prepared to have a strong president?You are arguably still, at this point, you know, beyond arguably, the most powerful person at the NAACP, are you ready to split the seat?","I'm ready for Ben Jealous to come on board, and, you know, we have had only, I think, 17 people in this job, over the 99 years we've been in existence - four have been white, several have been women, they come from a variety of backgrounds and professions, but I'm looking forward to Ben Jealous. I think he is going to be among the strongest we've ever had, and may turn out to be the strongest we have ever had.","Give me a moment that you think typifies the direction that the NAACP is going. And what I mean is a personal moment, where you really felt, I'm doing the right thing, for the right reasons."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The CEO's contract will be approved by the executive committee, not the entire board.","questions":"How will the CEO's contract be approved?","answer":"Executive"}
{"text":["Exactly, exactly.","How often does this happen?This is quite rare, is it not?","Yeah, we haven't had an annular eclipse in the United States since 1994, and this is part of what's called a sero-cycle(ph) that repeats itself every 18 years, 11 days and six hours - but who's counting that?But it repeats itself very precisely, and so we'll have another eclipse just like this 18 years, 11 days and six hours from now.","And in a couple of weeks, there's going to be another big sky show, right?The Transit of Venus. Tell us about that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This goes beyond what is being asked and explains the cycle of annular eclipses in more detail. ","questions":"How often does the sero-cycle repeat itself?","answer":"18,years,11,days,6,hours"}
{"text":["Iceberg in particular has managed to transcend these unfairly feminine connotations that salad-eating has taken on.","So as you reconsider iceberg's place in the fabric of our society and on your table, Rosner urges you to think even beyond the delicious wedge salad. She suggests stir-frying your lettuce, pickling it or blending it into a cold soup. And even if lettuce experimentation isn't for you, you can still try to let go of your leafy, green pretensions. Not everything has to be arugula.","Enjoy the crunch for what it is. I think even people who are sneering down their noses at iceberg lettuce love it when it's on top of a burger, when it's shredded really finely on a sandwich. There are contexts in which we know that iceberg is the perfect lettuce.","Lettuce doesn't have to be a wedge issue. Helen Rosner is a food writer for The New Yorker."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Fabric of society is actually just the way the society is made up of different personalities and choices.","questions":"How has iceberg lettuce managed to transcend unfairly feminine connotations?","answer":"Recontextualize"}
{"text":["Every president in his or - his - well, I should say his or her. Every president in their first year has an unexpected crisis, whether it's national security, a natural disaster, domestic unrest. This is certainly shaping up to be Donald Trump's unexpected crisis. And I think he realizes that. And the stakes are getting higher, and I think that's why he's lashing out more because I think he realizes what's going on.","It's moved to the capital. As we said Secretary Price has resigned, but at least three more Cabinet members face similar accusations about charter jets. Whatever happened to them, can the Trump administration say they'll drain the swamp when they seem to be flying over it in private jets?","You, know, this reminds me of that line from \"The Godfather\" about Mr.  Corleone likes his bad news early. Donald Trump is not like bad news. And this was starting to spread to other cabinet members, obviously. And I think the we'll-see when he was asked whether Trump - I mean, whether Price should resign was his way of signaling, yes. And sure enough, Tom Price offered his resignation. And unlike the Session's case, the president accepted it because I think he sees this for the irony that it is of his own cabinet doing what he campaigned exactly against.","Is the Republican Party offering much of a profile of leadership at the moment?- can't get Repeal and Replace passed, the tax code seems - proposal seems fuzzy, federal response seems to certainly be slow if not negligent in Puerto Rico. We could go on."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Donald Trump is becoming increasingly desperate as he realizes the gravity of the situation he's in.","questions":"What is Trump's unexpected crisis?","answer":"Trump"}
{"text":["It is. And there's actually - turns out, there's a lot of responsibility with that because there are spectators everywhere. There are cameras everywhere. There's high winds, of course. They have to watch out for that. And anybody who doesn't stop when the yellow jersey stops, they're - they get in big trouble. And anybody who pees when there is too much wind or when they're in a group stuck somewhere, there are repercussions for people who sort of break these secret pee rules.","What other anecdotes do you have from other sports?","Well, the way I like to put this is there are nearly 3 billion gallons of urine evacuated on earth every day. And my reporting discovered that it seems like most of it ends up on an NFL field somewhere. Really, at any given moment, on an NFL sideline, there are probably a handful of players relieving themselves. They're sort of hiding in plain sight, whether they're going behind a towel or just going into their football pants or going behind an equipment case. You know, there are maybe 10 different techniques that football players relieve themselves during NFL games.","And wait, did you actually say that some of them just pee their pants?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"hiding in plain sight\" - this is a figurative expression meaning that someone is trying to remain inconspicuous while being in an obvious location.","questions":"What is the figurative expression used to describe someone who is trying to remain inconspicuous while being in an obvious location?","answer":"Hiding"}
{"text":["There are over 2,800 official emojis. You know those little icons you use to spice up your texts - a cow, a doughnut, a queen, and my personal favorite, the eye roll. The Unicode Consortium, the nonprofit that oversees emojis - yes, there is such a thing - has been criticized for its lack of diversity and inclusivity when it comes to LGBTQ or religious expression. And now they're under fire for one more - the afro. That's right. Of the more than 15 hairstyles offered in emoji form, not one is an afro. Rhianna Jones wants to change that. She's a freelance writer based in New York. And she joins me now from our studios there.","Rhianna, welcome.","Hi, Lulu. Thank you so much for having me.","It is an absolute pleasure to have you. Let's talk through this. There's already been some diversity in the emoji world. We have different skin tones included in emoji form. But why do you think an afro should be included too?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase, \"under fire\", implies that criticism has been levelled at the Unicode Consortium for the lack of an emoji with an afro hairstyle..","questions":"What has the Unicode Consortium been criticized for?","answer":"Lack"}
{"text":["Some people, they thinking the sanction will bring the government down. The other people, they think that sanctioning Iran will damage more regular people's life. This is the war. The sanction is some kind of economic war. So war started long time ago based on the economy.","And finally, before we let you go, you know, in - there have been times in the past that Iranian Americans have mobilized, you know, despite the fact that - as you said, that there are lots of different perspectives about the relationship and how it should proceed. But most recently, for example, there were - Iranian Americans were organizing around opposing the Trump administration's efforts to make it harder for people from predominantly Muslim countries to come here - the so-called Muslim travel ban. Is there any sense, do you have any sense that the community is mobilizing in any particular way now, as these tensions are rising?Or is it just too soon, and people just aren't sure - aren't really sure what to do?","For the majority of the people, it is not time yet. Everything is just going back and forth. One day, they're attacking. Ten minutes later, they said, we stopped the attack. So people, they don't know what's going on. But still, in majority of the community, you are mostly against the war, no matter from each side.","That is Raza Goharzad. He hosts the show \"Politics And Society With Reza Goharzad\" on KIRN in Los Angeles. It's also known as Radio Iran. He also hosts a television show which is seen in Iran."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies that the situation is unpredictable and confusing for many people.","questions":"What is the majority of the community's stance on the war?","answer":"Against"}
{"text":["Well, responses have ranged from one person who said Biden was a great pick to another who said Obama made a terrible decision. But it's interesting, Joe Biden was the top choice of our unscientific online poll. We asked who Obama should pick as his VP, and 40 percent of all respondents chose him. So despite how people feel about Biden, I think a lot of people assumed that Obama would pick him. And Hillary Clinton interestingly was the second choice.","Really?As we get close - well, not closer to the convention, we are at the convention now - have you noticed an increase in the online traffic?Because I know people have really been paying attention. But now that we're here, are they really into it?","They are really into it. And everyone has an opinion. And everyone wants to make their opinion known. And that's just what they're doing.","Now, what are some of the things that we're going to be looking forward to, that our bloggers can look forward to on our website this week as part of our convention coverage?","Well, through npr. org, we have complete convention schedule so people know when to set their TiVos. We also have profiles of all the key Democratic players and we're also going to pose photo feeds from the convention floor. This morning, Michelle Obama was getting ready to make her speech and she was testing out the mics. And so we have some photos of that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Online traffic and opinions are high during the convention.","questions":"How would you describe the online engagement during the convention?","answer":"High"}
{"text":["I was like, yeah. She's like, what do you talk about?I say, my life, our life. And she's like, so you tell them about us and they pay you.","And she's like, I've never found you entertaining enough to pay you anything.","In fact, I wish you would shut up so - so she was - and my father is even worse. I mean, he's very dry. My mom has all the personality. My father is a - he's Swiss-German, so I mean he's just a combination of. . .","Known so much for their humor."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B: \"Known so much for their humor.\" - This phrase is a sarcastic remark, and its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is suggesting that Swiss-German people are not known for their humor, whereas the literal meaning would suggest the opposite.","questions":"Which nationality is being sarcastically referred to in the dialogue?","answer":"Swiss-German"}
{"text":["Oh yeah.","You know, it's - just, you know, it's that thing, good and evil.","Oh, I've got you. I got you. Now, you just sang the title song from the new CD. One reviewer says about that, the lyrics are inconsequential, what matters is the soul and funk. I don't know if I agree with that. You agree with that?","You know what, I feel like I may have been taken out of context because I said that about one song on this record, called \"Emotions. \"I said on that song, you know, I mean, you don't really need the lyrics. But for - to put that on a whole album, no, I don't agree with that. I put a lot of time into it (laughing).","Now, you actually - you played with a lot of different folks. You were with Fishbone. You were a member of Miles Davis's band. When was that?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : What matters is how the song makes a person feels and how it sounds.","questions":"How did the reviewer describe the lyrics on the new CD?","answer":"Inconsequential"}
{"text":["I Hope I didn't butcher your name too much. I apologize if I did. This book delves deeply into all of the political powers struggles involved in the building of our nation's capital. Really briefly, first talk about how the capital was moved from Philadelphia to Washington.","Well, first, let's frame it a bit by way of saying that we got our capital on the Potomac River thanks to the politics of slavery and thanks to the hard physical labor of enslaved African-Americans in the 1790s. There was a terrific political battle in the early 1790s over where the nation's capital was going to be. Think of the United States as a - just a collection of little mini-states mostly at odds with each other and without any great unifying national symbol. The capital was supposed to be that unifying symbol.","Congress originally voted to place the capital in Pennsylvania, a free state in the north. However, as you can imagine, Southern slave owners were irate at the prospect of a free-state capital that would set freedom as the national paradigm. They lobbied very aggressively for a Southern capital. There were 32 different sites originally considered, but the capital wound up on the Potomac thanks to probably the country's first real backroom deal cut between Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton.","Well, in fact, you talk a lot in the book about what you call corruption that surrounded the establishing of the capital where it was, and you mention, as you've just now done, that there were presidents involved - Jefferson, Washington, Madison and Hamilton. So how much was the corruption a part of this?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They hope that the did not mispronounce the person's name too badly.  ","questions":"Which word did PersonB mispronounce?","answer":"Name"}
{"text":["It's a very large number. According to my client, it's only happened on one or two occasions, and she recalls one fairly recently in the last administration where a decision was overridden, but the supervisor explained the rationale and how the security concerns were mitigated. And she was willing to go along with his decision because it made sense.","In your client's complaint, the 25 people who were given security clearances are not named, but there has been reporting that President Trump overrode the decision of career officials to grant his son-in-law, Jared Kushner, a clearance. Can you tell us whether he's one of the people involved here?","I can't comment on that. My client is not willing to discuss individual security determinations. She thinks it would be improper.","Now that these accusations are in the hands of Congress and in the public eye, where does it go from here?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn that has a different meaning from its literal meaning is (2) \"President Trump overrode the decision of career officials to grant his son-in-law, Jared Kushner, a clearance\".  The phrase \"overrode the decision\" does not mean that President Trump simply disagreed with the decision made by the career officials and made a different decision. It implies that he forced the clearance to be granted despite objections from those officials.","questions":"What does the phrase \"overrode\" imply?","answer":"Imply"}
{"text":["He says today's number one threat to American national security is nuclear proliferation and terrorism. His new book, \"Will Terrorists Go Nuclear?\"examines both the risks and psychology of nuclear terrorism, and says terrorists don't need to have such weapons to perpetrate nuclear terror.","Nuclear terrorism is about the very frightening possibility that terrorists could acquire and employ nuclear weapons. Nuclear terror is about the anticipation of that event. Nuclear terrorism is about terrorists' capabilities, intelligence, evidence, our assessment of the threat. Nuclear terror is about our imagination.","The history of nuclear terrorism can be briefly summarized. Fortunately there hasn't been any. Many would hasten to add yet. But nuclear terror has a rich history, and it's deeply embedded in our popular culture and our policy making circles.","One of the other things you mentioned in the book, among many, is that al-Qaeda might become the world's first terrorist nuclear power without possessing a single nuclear weapon. And I suppose the answer to that is in part what you just were describing."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Nuclear terrorism is not just about the possibility of terrorists acquiring and using nuclear weapons, but also about the fear and imagination surrounding the threat.","questions":"Which term describes the fear and imagination surrounding the threat of nuclear terrorism?","answer":"Nuclear"}
{"text":["Well, one of the big questions is going to be whether or not Donald Trump is able to turn out all of these new voters that he says he's going to be able to turn out. So if you look at the numbers on caucus night, if the numbers are about 150,000 or higher on the Republican side, people think that's a good day for Donald Trump. If there are 125,000 to 150,000, that's the number of people are saying could be good for Ted Cruz.","Democratic side, both Sen.  Sanders and Hillary Clinton seem to be getting good crowds.","For the Democrats, the thing to watch here is that Hillary Clinton has been in this state for two years organizing. They feel like they have their strong core base of support. They have Barack Obama's field operation there. Remember, he won this state in 2008. Bernie Sanders has a interesting complication because he's getting huge crowds. A lot of his supporters are young. They're college-age. The problem with them is that they're all concentrated in a few different places. He's winning more than a quarter of his vote right now in three counties. They're actually encouraging a lot of these kids to go back home so that they can filter out the vote in the rest of the state because the way delegates are picked, they need a little bit more of these kids to go back to other places. Otherwise, Hillary Clinton could wind up winning in rural counties and wind up beating Bernie Sanders, even though he might have a lot of vote concentrated in those cities.","All this concentration on Iowa - and I don't regret a moment on it. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"If there are 125,000 to 150,000, that's the number of people are saying could be good for Ted Cruz.\"  Implicated meaning: The number of people turning out to vote within the range of 125,000 to 150,000 is considered favorable for Ted Cruz's chances.  Explanation: The literal meaning of the statement is straightforward, stating that a voter turnout within a specific range is seen as beneficial for Ted Cruz. The implicated meaning, however, goes beyond the literal interpretation by suggesting that the voter turnout range is an indication of Ted Cruz's potential success in the election.","questions":"How many people turning out to vote are considered favorable for Ted Cruz's chances?","answer":"150,000"}
{"text":["But some of the people you were just talking about are format breakers, who are a little bit of R&B, some soul. They pull back from influences from the past but they put their own stamp on it. Sonia, what do you like right now coming out of Atlanta?What are some of your favorites?","You know, I liked hearing the bumper music that you guys are playing in between - those are current songs, but when I think about - well, you know, first it was Goodie Mob and the \"Cell Therapy. \"So, I was thinking about what Cee-Lo is doing now is part of Gnarls Barkley.","As a songwriter, when you think about it, this guy wrote \"Don't You\" for the Pussycat Dolls, turned around and that is a big commercial. I mean, this guy is an incredible talent. The album that he's put out now with Gnarls Barkley is good. I can't wait to hear what TI's going to say, now that he has been through what he has been through.","I'm a big TI fan. I am still a bit OutKast fan. You look at OutKast, just completed their ballet this past weekend. I mean, these people are looking at the music as just kind of a launching pad into a lot of different mediums and you can't help but be proud to see such talent being recognized and explored in so many different mediums."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : TI has faced some challenges but people still look forward to his music","questions":"How do people feel about TI's music despite his challenges?","answer":"Hopeful"}
{"text":["They have been evacuated. It tossed these trailer homes like tin cans. And there was one woman that said that she had turned in early and felt her bed bouncing. And she was evacuated and is staying elsewhere now.","The flooding - this is not restricted to just this small part of the state. This is the whole state of Oklahoma that's going through this. Is that right?","Yeah, 25% of the state has had at least 14 inches of water in the last 30 days. And if you look at towns in northeast Oklahoma like Skiatook - they've had 21 1\/2 inches, Nowata 23 inches. It's just crazy. And this is all coming to a head in Tulsa along the Arkansas River.","And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Many towns in northeast Oklahoma have received excessive rainfall causing severe flooding in Tulsa along the Arkansas River.","questions":"How much rainfall did Skiatook receive in the last 30 days?","answer":"21.5"}
{"text":["So, what do you think is the possibility that Secretary Kerry can accomplish something?What do you think would look like success to him in nine months?","Success, obviously, would be in the form of an agreement reached. And I think that to do so, Secretary Kerry is going to have to enlist the support, the proactive support, of the White House. That is the missing formula so far. Whereas the White House, of course, has offered its generous support, no agreement between the Palestinians and the Israelis have been possible. If it involved only the efforts of the State Department and did not invoke at some stage the active participation of the White House, of the U. S.  president himself, what looks to be the case, is that the White House feels that this has a very small chance of success and therefore has given the secretary some general form of support that the parties in the region do not see as enough to sort of push them into an agreement that has that support.","Marwan Muasher oversees research on the Middle East at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of (3) is that Marwan Muasher is a respected expert on the Middle East and his opinion is valued","questions":"How is Marwan Muasher regarded?","answer":"Agreement"}
{"text":["Thank you. Good to be here.","Let's start with that refugee situation in Jordan. The current foreign minister says the country is being strained. There are reports that the fleeing is expected to continue. Do you expect Jordan will eventually have to close the border?","I don't think Jordan will close the border. Jordan has been in such a situation before, if you remember during the first Gulf crisis and then the second one where large numbers of Iraqis, third country nationals came to Jordan, fleeing the conflict. And as a general policy, Jordan has never closed its borders. That does not mean that it is not being tasked by these large number of refugees, but I don't think and I don't expect the borders to be closed.","And that issue of strain then, how badly are Jordan's resources being tasked?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Jordan is unlikely to close its borders to refugees despite the strain on its resources.","questions":"Which country is discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Jordan"}
{"text":["O'Rourke. Yeah, let's talk about Beto.","Yeah, Beto O'Rourke. He made a hell yes promise to buy back assault weapons and to push for mandatory buyback of assault weapons. What do you make of this?","That was a dramatic highlight of the debate and grabbed a lot of people, got a lot of mentions. But such moments do not make legislation. Congressional Democrats don't have a clear majority for an assault weapons ban, let alone gun takeaways. They're still hoping for universal background checks or - on people buying guns. But to pass the Republican Senate and actually get enacted, even that much would need the backing of the president and the approval of the federal courts. We are still a long way from meaningful gun measures, despite the carnage we saw from guns in August and so many other recent months and years.","And let's stay in the realm of Congress for this last question, Ron. As of today, where do you assess where Democrats stand on the question of impeachment at the moment?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The background checks will be of anyone and everyone that buys a gun in the country.","questions":"Which legislation is Congress still hoping for despite the dramatic highlight of the debate?","answer":"Background"}
{"text":["The closest, I think, that the really strict mechanical scientists have come to that is eye tracking. And in eye tracking, they're really dealing with the most rudimentary kind of illusion perception. You know, they're saying, well, because we have now equipment that allows you to see exactly the focal point of the eye at any given moment, they have people watch videos of magicians, and they track the position of the people's eyes.","And they discovered - there are a couple of worthwhile things they have discovered. They have discovered, for example, that when a magician makes a straight movement from one point to another, the human eye looks at the first point and then dashes to the second point but doesn't really pay attention to the journey between those two, whereas, if the magician moves in a curved pattern, the eye follows the movement all the way. So that seems to me - that is the most profound revelation that I've heard from the people who are doing this sort of really lab-y, techie kind of stuff.","And is it something you can use or you're already out there using and you just never had a name for it?","I suppose if I ever thought about the small journeys of things, I probably would use it. I rarely do."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  A: \"I suppose if I ever thought about the small journeys of things, I probably would use it.\" Here, the phrase \"small journeys of things\" does not refer to literal physical journeys. It implies paying attention to the details or processes involved in certain actions or events.","questions":"What does the phrase \"small journeys of things\" imply?","answer":"Details"}
{"text":["Ibiza being the Spanish island where this video was filmed.","Exactly - just blathering on and on to a Russian woman who they believed was the niece of a prominent Russian oligarch.","And I'll just insert here that I have not had the opportunity to verify exactly what is being documented on this video. But what it has done is raise all of these questions in Austria about the extent of Russian influence in Austrian politics. Is that right?","Absolutely. And, I mean, it's funny because these are actually fake Russians. This is - these are not necessarily people that were sent from the Kremlin. We don't really know the provenance of the video. Some people believe it's an activist collective. Other people are speculating that some secret services of various countries were involved. But the most important thing to say is that Vice Chancellor Strache hasn't denied any of the assertions.","Right. Well, let me insert a practical question here. Where does this leave the government of Austria?Who's in charge today?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The origin of the video is unknown, but the Vice Chancellor has not denied any of the allegations","questions":"What has the Vice Chancellor not denied regarding the video?","answer":"allegations"}
{"text":["Philippines armed forces pounded militant positions again on Saturday, the fifth-straight day of fighting between government forces and ISIS-linked fighters who have occupied parts of the city of Marawi on the island of Mindanao. A military spokesman says that at least 40 militants have been killed since the fighting began, and at least 13 soldiers have died. We're joined now from Mindanao by Michael Sullivan.","Michael, thanks so much for being with us.","You're welcome, Scott.","You're just back from Marawi. What did you see?","Scott, I saw a ghost town, really. I mean, it was eerie. It's a city of more than 200,000 people. But it just looked as if someone had suddenly just snatched them all away, just plucked them from the street. The only people we saw in the city proper were heavily armed Philippine soldiers trying to flush out militant snipers. And you could hear intermittent gunfire on the streets approaching that part of the city that the militants still control."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"You're welcome, Scott\" - This is an expression of gratitude and respect, not an acknowledgement that Scott has granted permission. ","questions":"Which expression did PersonA use to respond to PersonB's thanks in the dialogue?","answer":"Welcome"}
{"text":["I mean, anything that - any interest rate right now that's pegged to the federal funds rate, which is a key benchmark rate that many, many credit cards, many, many - some types of mortgages - but also many more types of short-term debts are pegged to, you can benefit a whole lot.","The problem is that if you're already in one of these homes, for example, that's - and you're underwater, meaning that you're house is worth less than the mortgage owner, and you've got poor credit or you don't have enough money or enough equity in the house to be able to refinance, then you're going to run it to a proper and you're not going to benefit.","Whether or not they - that helps the economy overall remains to be seen. I mean, the problem with economics statistics is that many times they lag by a couple of months. And so by the time you find out - by the time a recession is declared, you may have already been in one for about a month or two before you - before the rest of the country actually knows ,you know, some grand proclamation that comes from the Federal Reserve or some economists somewhere that we are in a recession.","We're going to talk a little bit more soon with a realtor in Ohio, your state, about the situation there. But last week, Countrywide Financial was subpoenaed by the attorney general of Florida. It's just one of a number of government agencies investigating the largest mortgage lender."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) To be underwater means to owe more money than the asset is worth.","questions":"How would you describe the situation of someone who is \"underwater\"?","answer":"Owe"}
{"text":["Coastal Texas did have a couple of days to prepare for this storm. People were urged to leave the area. What's your estimation?Did many people take that advice and get out before Harvey hit?","Well, certainly some did. As I was driving in from Austin and San Antonio yesterday, you could see a fair number of cars, you know, going the other direction. So certainly, there were some people that evacuated. But here at the hotel that we're staying, there are hundreds of residents who are from Corpus Christi who decided to hunker it out and stay the night here. You know, there were no mandatory evacuations ordered for Corpus Christi.","Some are beginning to wonder, you know, was that the best plan of action?Had a mandatory evacuation been ordered, they would have had to evacuate the hospitals. And that, you know, picks up a whole series of logistical issues. So you know, as the Texas governor ordered yesterday, if you feel unsafe, if you feel unsecure then you should flee.","And Russell, what do you see for the next few hours and next few days about when conditions might improve and what people have to contend with?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Had a mandatory evacuation been ordered, they would have had to evacuate the hospitals.","questions":"What picks up a whole series of logistical issues?","answer":"Logistical"}
{"text":["Well, I want to offer condolences to you and the Virginia Beach community. I'm wondering what you can tell us about how people are holding up. I understand you visited a hospital where some of the people wounded in the shooting are being treated still.","I did. You know, this is - again, it's a horrific tragedy, and our hearts go out to certainly the 12 victims that showed up for work yesterday for the city of Virginia Beach intending to go home. And this tragedy occurred, and they weren't able to. And so there's a tremendous void in their families and our community right now. There's a lot of hurt and healing that needs to take place.","I was able to go to the hospital this morning. My intentions were twofold. I wanted to thank the caregivers, the doctors, the nurses and the administrators. And then also, I was able to speak with one of the patients and the families. And they're just such strong and faithful people and just going through what must be one of the hardest experiences in their lives. They were just very grateful for the care that they were receiving and grateful for the heroic work of the law enforcement agents yesterday.","Inevitably, after each mass shooting, there are calls for tighter gun laws. You introduced a number of gun control bills in Virginia's General Assembly back in January, not even six months ago."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The shooting was a terrible tragedy and has left a lot of hurt and healing needed in the community.","questions":"Which community is in need of healing after the shooting?","answer":"Community"}
{"text":["In 2013, a professor there, Ethan Zuckerman, had said, look - this is a guy who's a sex offender. He's done these crimes against children, solicited procurement of prostitution of minors. He shouldn't be involved in the institute. So two years later, when Ito was making sure that he could come to the offices to look around, they essentially said, we've got to box Zuckerman out so that he won't be able to see that Epstein is on campus.","So have there been any ramifications to this other than Ito's resignation?","Well, sure. Zuckerman resigned. A couple other people have resigned affiliations with the lab. I think there's real questions focusing on the university - why this resignation didn't come sooner, why it wasn't forced. You don't need an MIT Ph. D.  to be able to read the writing on the wall that's in letters that big. And they should have had some accountability and responsibility. The initial statements didn't, you know, seem to allow the precise nature of the interactions, the precise figures involved to be obscured to the public. That's not the kind of accountability you want from a place like MIT.","Can you just talk a little bit more about what you think the bigger-picture consequences are of this?I mean, what does this lab do, and why do you think that it's important that people focus on something like this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The \"MIT PhD\" and \"writing on the wall\" comments imply that the situation should have been obvious to all observers.","questions":"Which comments suggest that the situation should have been evident to everyone?","answer":"Evident"}
{"text":["\"VIC\" (Member, Overeaters Anonymous): Hi.","Vic, I want to start with you, and I want to be very specific. Give me an example of a day when you completely lost control over your eating.","\"VIC\": It wasn't a day. It was the day before (Laughing) and that day and the next day. But anyway - OK, so I wake up in the morning, totally hung over. Dr.  Lerner - Marty - described very well, you know, having lost control. So, I wake up, I feel terrible, and the last thing I want to do, I think in my rational brain, is eat because I feel so bad. And yet, I know that if I take one bite of anything, I'll be off and running. And I'm scared. I'm really scared.","Let me just ask one thing. When you say hung over, do you mean hung over from overeating or hung\u2026"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Despite feeling terrible, Vic has a compulsion to eat.","questions":"How did Vic feel when he woke up in the morning?","answer":"Compulsion"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes.","Condoleezza Rice holds historic talks with Libya's Moammar Gadhafi, and the South African president tries to get political rivals in Zimbabwe to reconcile. For that and more in our Africa Update, we've got Emira Woods, she is co-director of Foreign Policy in Focus at the Institute for Policy Studies. Hey, how are you doing?","Hey. So great to be in the same room with you.","I know, I get to do it every now and then. And every time I do, you're wearing an incredible tailored African outfit. One day we will have to take a picture and put it up on our newsandviews blog."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Emira Woods will give an update on Africa.","questions":"How is Emira Woods affiliated with the Institute for Policy Studies?","answer":"Affiliated."}
{"text":["This is going to be a really interesting hearing today. I'm going to see if the judge approves these requests from the plaintiffs who want to see more documents being released from the Trump administration as well as they want to see the judge to possibly order more depositions, more officials sitting down for questioning to try to get a bottom of this - these claims. And this could possibly affect - if there's additional documents released, additional testimony - this could affect the ruling that the Supreme Court is expected to release by the end of this month.","That's the final judge here. The Supreme Court will be ruling on this.","Exactly. We're watching to see what the justices say. And it's a very tight deadline. July 1 is when the Census Bureau says that printing has to start for the 2020 census forms.","Hansi, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The deadline for printing the 2020 census forms is approaching.","questions":"Which bureau has set the deadline for printing the 2020 census forms?","answer":"Census"}
{"text":["Hi, Lulu. How are you?","I'm good. How are the players that you're talking to reacting to the stand that the NFL's taken?","Well, I think they've taken the position that the NFL has decided to fully engage with this culture war initiated by the president when he first attacked the NFL players back in September. One of the questions of the book that I was asking is, who gets to be the patriot?And when the president first called the players unpatriotic, then said that they shouldn't have jobs, now he's even saying that dissenting players maybe shouldn't even be in the country. And that the NFL is going along with it, as well, I think this has really reignited some really bad blood between the players and the owners.","And how is that manifesting itself?I mean, what conversations are the players having, and what can they actually do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Bad blood is not literally being lit up or ignited. The implied meaning is that the players and owners are not agreeing on the issue at hand and therefore tensions are arising.","questions":"How is bad blood manifesting between the players and owners?","answer":"Manifestation"}
{"text":["I want to kind of mention quickly the things that are floating out there as rumors and are not confirmed. Again, these are things that people are talking about and are not confirmed. There are many people who immediately assumed this is a terror attack. Tovia, this is not confirmed.","Not confirmed. Nothing about the cause of this, whether it was some kind of unintentional explosion from down in a manhole or something or whether it was a bomb. The police do tell me that the bomb squad is on the scene, as you would expect, along with police and fire and rescue, but they are not talking about the cause. They - a briefing is coming soon but it's taking some time to maneuver down there and also to collect some good information, some hard data about what's going on and numbers of injured and the rest.","What agency are you speaking with to confirm what's going on?Is it the Boston Police Department?","Boston police is who I have been talking to. The hospitals are confirming that people are on their way as well.","This is TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"floating out there\" implies that people are talking about this incident without any confirmed information so what is being spread may not be true","questions":"How would you describe the nature of the rumors being spread about the incident based on the dialogue?","answer":"Unconfirmed"}
{"text":["You know, let's come back to the Large Hadron Collider because if you talk about things, if you talk about this theme, there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the other one that you know well is the prediction from string theory and similar theories that there are extra dimensions. And one of the ways to look for things like extra dimensions or shadow universes is to look for the leakage of material from our universe into their universe.","And let me use the LHC. One way to look for evidence of extra dimensions would be to carefully look at collisions that take place at the Large Hadron Collider and look for some of the energy to disappear. And what's interesting about that technique is when I put there's - when I say there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the top of my list would be neutrinos, and we now know neutrinos exist. We can't see them with the eye, but we can build detectors to detect them. And the original evidence for the neutrino was missing energy in beta decays that were observed in the early part of the last century and then poly-hypothesize this particle, the neutrino. And eventually, we built detectors that were sensitive enough. So this technique of looking for energy leaking out of our universe going elsewhere is a very powerful technique for looking for things that we can't see.","Michael Turner, a pleasure as always to come have you come on and explain this stuff to us. Thanks a lot, Michael.","Glad to be on."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : the speaker is discussing the possibility of extra dimensions and shadow universes, and how we can look for evidence of them at the Large Hadron Collider by observing the disappearance of energy. The actual meaning is not just about staying silent or not making noise, but rather exploring the concept of extra dimensions and the technique of observing energy leakage.","questions":"What is the technique discussed by the speaker to look for evidence of extra dimensions at the Large Hadron Collider?","answer":"Leakage"}
{"text":["Can anybody do this?And this being adopted and adapted by commercial industry?","Well, anybody with a little equipment could do it. The thing is, it's still not easy, and it's still really expensive because you can only make - right now they only know how to make really, really, really tiny amounts. But the big thing he was trying to show is you don't have to start with really expensive feed stocks, is the chemical term.","You can make this stuff from anything. So once people figure out their techniques a little bit better, the prospects for a huge drop in price are great. Now of course there are other problems with this stuff. There's not enough of it that people have figured a lot of the technical problems. Like if you make electronics from graphene, it has all these beautiful properties. But if you make them, you've got to connect them to wires.","And the connector problem, you know, just in a way it's a version of when you plug something into your computer, how do you connect it. How do you connect something to a sheet of carbon that's one atom thick so that it's reliable and does what you want it to?People are working on that. That's still a mystery."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : being adopted in this context means \"is something being used?\"","questions":"What is the chemical term for the expensive feed stocks mentioned in turn 1?","answer":"Feedstocks"}
{"text":["Why they're talking about it is because they feel they have to talk about it. The government of Bangladesh wants the bulk of these people to return. They also would be feeling some domestic pressures in this area, as well. And the government of Burma, I think, is feeling some of the pressure from the international community and feels some need to be responsive. But the real story here is this is horrifying, this discussion, to be taking place right now, given the complete absence of measures in place to ensure safety and security upon return.","As I understand it, the Rohingya, according to this agreement, will be moved from the camps in Bangladesh to a camp in Myanmar where there could be security concerns.","Oh yeah, there are no safeguards in place. There - been no serious discussion of safeguards for return. You have to realize that we're talking about one of the greatest crimes in recent memory - massive abuses, forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of people in a matter of weeks.","There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N.  official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The situation is horrifying because no safety measures have been put in place for the return of the Rohingya.","questions":"How would you describe the situation for the return of Rohingya?","answer":"horrifying"}
{"text":["And, of course, it's irresistible to point out Franklin Roosevelt, who, as you rightly point out, is considered one of our greatest presidents, still put Japanese-American citizens in internment camps. Lincoln, our greatest president by universal acclamation, crushed civil liberties in many areas to prosecute the war. Are you just focusing on what Buchanan did wrong?","Look, nobody's perfect, of course. And, of course, one of the things I like to point out in the book is that Buchanan had some good traits, too. He wasn't just some evil jerk. He was the greatest party giver in mid-19th century America. He - even though he hated Douglas, there's nothing I could find in any of his papers where he bad-mouthed anybody.","He was a very civil guy. And so people liked him. So that's a plus, I would say. But his negatives was he had no knowledge of how to lead in any case. He waffled when we really needed him - the lead-up to the Civil War. And this was a really crucial time. And he really blew it.","Robert Strauss - his book, \"Worst. President. Ever. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) Implied meaning: Are you suggesting that despite the good things Franklin Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln did, they were still wrong for certain actions? ","questions":"What president was mentioned in the book as the \"Worst.President.Ever.\"?","answer":"Buchanan"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely not, Scott. That's not - that's the - kind of our problem. Remember that we went from basically a dead start over the last 15 years where we didn't have these capabilities to now having a remarkable capability to collect intelligence and information using these platforms and all these great people. And so we just - as an institution we have to get ahead of that. It's been hard to do as the demand grew so rapidly.","I know they're not in combat, which is its own category to acknowledge and respect, but is it possible for a drone pilot to develop what some people would call post-traumatic stress?","Oh, I think it's beyond possible. I think it's happened. This is one of the kind of second-order effects that we probably didn't anticipate when we first started this work. I don't think there's any question that it's a factor. I don't believe it's an overriding factor. We don't have a great number of people who have manifested these kind of symptoms and problems, but we certainly do have some.","Do drones offer the appearance of risk-free combat?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implies that there is a possibility for a drone pilot to experience psychological trauma, even if they are not in combat.","questions":"How can a drone pilot be affected psychologically?","answer":"Psychologically"}
{"text":["The problem is 90 percent of space in our military is in the Air Force. So what we're basically going to be doing is taking the current infrastructure - for example, Space Command in Colorado Springs will become the headquarters for the Space Corps. We're talking about taking the people that we need to take that deal with space and segregating them into a culture that appreciates them.","The Air Force has pushed back on this. The Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson said, quote, \"the Pentagon is complicated enough. This will make it more complex, add more boxes to the organization chart and cost more money. \"Is she wrong?","She's absolutely wrong. The bureaucracy is always going to fight reform - always, especially the Pentagon. They're fighting this because they don't want Congress meddling. You know, what I've told her is, in 16 years, the Air Force has not changed a thing. And they've got us in this situation now where Russia and China have become near peers. They're close to surpassing us. What we're proposing would change that.","I think what some people would say is that we are cooperating with the Russians on the International Space Station. Should space be the new frontier of warfare, or should it actually be a place where, indeed, these cooperations flourish?After all, we are all on one planet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"segregating them into a culture that appreciates them\" - This phrase implies that currently the people who deal with space in the military are not appreciated or valued, and that by creating a separate \"Space Corps\" culture, they will receive the recognition and resources they need to excel in their work.","questions":"How will creating a separate \"Space Corps\" culture affect the recognition of people who deal with space in the military?","answer":"Recognition"}
{"text":["I have been late. Now I'm right on time. And I make mistakes, but at least they're mine. I'd sign my life away on a dotted line Just to get the love I deserve. . .","That's News & Notes. Glad you could join us. Nicole Childers, Christabel Nsiah-Buadi and Geoffrey Bennett produced the show. Sasa Woodruff is the editor. Sonata Lee Narcisse directs. The technical director is Sherene Strausberg. Marcia Caldwell and Shawn Corey Campbell are our drive engineers. The News & Notes staff includes Roy Hurst, Geoffrey Gardner, Devin Robins, Zachary Slobig, Joanne Griffith, Drew Tewkesbury, Allison Samuels and Jim Wallace. To listen to the show or subscribe to the podcast, visit our Web site, nprnewsandnotes. org. To join the conversation or sign up for the newsletter, visit our blog at nprnewsandviews. org. News & Notes was created by NPR News and the African-American Public Radio Consortium. On Monday, short on cash these days?Well, what if your neighborhood got together and started printing its own money?It's already happening. We'll look at the spread of customized community currency.","(Singing) Growing up too fast. I have the best friends you could ever have, But I don't know what I got 'til it's gone. . .","Because I lose every single game I play 'Cause I'm a slave to my distractions. I climb a mountain for every mess I make, But can't get no satisfaction."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is not actually talking about being late or making mistakes, but rather about deserving love.","questions":"How is PersonA feeling about the love they deserve?","answer":"Deserve"}
{"text":["You'd hear it - kind of like a whistling noise. And you'd also hear the trees kind of swaying outside the windows.","After the storm passed, they were able to return to their hospital room, where they slept through the night.","First thing in the morning, I went home to check on my house. I saw multiple trees down in our neighborhood. Some were even close to some of my neighbors' houses. But it was a relief when we found out that my house was intact.","They'd lost a grapefruit tree. Their yard was a mess, though, and the power was out. So Susie went to Gainesville to recover at her parents' house. Ben spent the week cleaning up at home and thinking about what preparations to make for the next hurricane."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker's house was not damaged by the hurricane","questions":"How was the PersonA's house after the hurricane?","answer":"Intact"}
{"text":["At dusk tonight - the Belmont stakes, and an engaging chestnut named California Chrome has a chance to be the first horse to win the Triple Crown - a sweep of all three of the major thoroughbred races since 1978. We're honored now to be joined by Laura Hillenbrand. She's a horse rider by trade, of course she's author of the perpetual best-selling \"Seabiscuit. \"Laura, thanks so much for being with us.","I'm so happy to be here Scott.","What is there about the Belmont stakes that frustrates so many great four-legged athletes who've already won two big races?","They call it the test of their champion for a reason. It is a tricky race. It's run around the biggest track in the country so strategy is different. You have to move a different place. It's a race that requires a lot of the jockey.","The thing that makes it the hardest in terms of sweeping the whole Triple Crown is the horse that gets there with a chance to win it as California Chrome has. They've already competed in the Derby and the Preakness, which are two incredibly difficult races. And now, in the span of five weeks, they have to try the third one. And it's the hardest one of all, the longest one of all. It's really asking a huge amount of them. And that's why, in my whole racing fan life, I have never seen a horse sweep the Triple Crown. I've seen 12 horses go to the Belmont with a chance to win it, and all of them have failed.","California Chrome is called the people's horse, kind of like Seabiscuit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"It's a race that requires a lot of the jockey.\" - The literal meaning of this phrase is that the race demands a great deal from the jockey. The figurative meaning is that the jockey needs to have a lot of skill and experience to navigate the race successfully.","questions":"Which quality does the jockey need to have to navigate the Belmont stakes successfully?","answer":"Experience"}
{"text":["Well, up until about two decades ago there were no rights for crime victims. Victims were treated basically as another part of the evidence of the crime. So, really we've seen a great development in crime victims' rights in the criminal and juvenile justice systems since that time.","Who pioneered that change?","Really, it was driven by the experience of victims and survivors themselves. Like the example of Miss Hawkins, who turned the worst event in her life into a catalyst to make a difference for other people, so that other people wouldn't have to go through the same thing that she went through, that's the story of the Victims' Rights Movement. It has been people who felt that they were so poorly treated by the criminal justice system, that they had to make a difference and make sure it would be better for the next person.","How would you define victims' rights?Just you know, what do you think victims' rights really means?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Victims did not have any legal rights until recently.","questions":"What was the treatment of victims before two decades ago?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["There is no good precedent for thinking that these peace talks will work well for exactly the reason that you have said. The Syrian regime and its allies should - have at no point countenanced the idea that Bashar al-Assad will step down. And then the opposition negotiating committee reiterated in London this week that they foresee a six-month transitional period at the end of which Assad is no longer the president of Syria. So that's a pretty big sticking point.","And starts on Monday?","Starts on Monday at sundown, which is also the beginning of the Muslim Eid festival, yes.","Alice Fordham in Beirut. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : expression of gratitude, as the speaker is thanking Alice Fordham for her report. Both turns have a figurative meaning that is different from their literal meanings.","questions":"How does turn 3 differ from its literal meaning?","answer":"Gratitude"}
{"text":["It's surprising to me how many people believe that most suspects will invoke their right and remain silent when in fact they don't.","Gee, what's the psychology behind that, do you think?","The crooks think they're smarter than the cops. They've rehearsed their story and their alibi and they got to get it out. And they're hoping that if they waive their rights and speak to us they'll be able to baffle us and we'll leave them alone and walk away.","Can you recall a scene that you think really gets it right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker asks if the other person can recall a scene that accurately portrays suspects' behavior when questioned by the police. The implied meaning is that the speaker is interested in finding examples of suspects speaking to the police despite having the right to remain silent, possibly to better understand the phenomenon.","questions":"How is the speaker in turn 3 trying to enhance their understanding of the phenomenon?","answer":"Recall"}
{"text":["Well, you know, I'm a Republican, but I'm also Catholic. So for me, the religious side, if we went there, I would be very much be against the death penalty, very much pro-life. And I see the pro-life and the death penalty - you kind of have to be consistent, in my mind.","You talk about your Catholic faith and how you look at this question through that lens. Of course, there are people who think that religion ought to be set aside. But I think in reality, many people do look at it at political questions through the lens of their own values. But white evangelicals make up a big part of the Republican Party. There are a lot of white evangelicals there in Kentucky as well. Of course, many white evangelicals oppose abortion, so I'm curious how you make that case to them.","Well, and that's why I'm, quite frankly, focusing on the economics. - But when you start talking about the numbers, the numbers are numbers. And it's pretty clear in a state like ours where we have desperate needs to use the money in other places - to shore up our pensions, you know, to help with our school system - this is simply an area where I think if you look at it logically, we're not getting any benefit from a criminal law standpoint, so let's spend our money somewhere else.","So the fiscal argument might make the case where the moral argument is more complex.","That's right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It may be difficult for A to reconcile their Catholic beliefs with the beliefs of white evangelicals in the Republican Party.","questions":"Which group's beliefs might conflict with PersonA's Catholic beliefs in the Republican Party?","answer":"WhiteEvangelicals"}
{"text":["He had a very utopian view of how computers would change work, but he had also a kind of warning. He had a very utopian view of how computers would change work, but he had also a kind of warning.","That's computer scientist Eugene Fiume of Simon Fraser University. That's computer scientist Eugene Fiume of Simon Fraser University. Fiume says that despite his concern about the need for rapid re-education, Asimov was an optimist in his predictions. Fiume says that despite his concern about the need for rapid re-education, Asimov was an optimist in his predictions.","What he predicted was that computers themselves would allow people to become researchers and scientists and artists - this idea of replacing that low-level intellectual work and allowing people to improve themselves by looking at higher level intellectual work. What he predicted was that computers themselves would allow people to become researchers and scientists and artists - this idea of replacing that low-level intellectual work and allowing people to improve themselves by looking at higher level intellectual work.","It's hard to say how many laid-off factory workers have moved on to pick up paintbrushes, but Fiume says that Asimov's 1983 essay envisions how, left to their own devices. . . It's hard to say how many laid-off factory workers have moved on to pick up paintbrushes, but Fiume says that Asimov's 1983 essay envisions how, left to their own devices. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asimov was optimistic in his predictions despite his concerns.","questions":"How did Asimov feel about the impact of computers on work?","answer":"Utopian"}
{"text":["You don't have to do that. You are not alone in this process.","(Laughter).","Really, when you're ordering a bottle of wine, you only need to give two pieces of information - one, your budget. And do not be ashamed. Do not be embarrassed. We all have a budget. Secondly, your taste. Now, that could be as specific as saying, I had an incredible Adelsheim Oregon pinot noir the other night - what do you have like that?Or it could be as broad as saying, I like things that smell like peach.","And from there, if you have a good sommelier, they're going to be able to guide you to the hidden gems on that menu. And I have to say, it's a pleasure to be able to have a conversation with someone about what they like and to take them on a journey through this glass of wine because a good glass of wine is that. I didn't believe it in the beginning, but I came around to really experience it as a way to travel through time and place without ever leaving your seat."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B's laughter does not have a literal meaning but is likely a response to something humorous or lighthearted in the conversation.","questions":"Which non-literal response did PersonB make in the conversation?","answer":"Laughter"}
{"text":["And, you know, in 2015, the Supreme Court ruled the Affordable Care Act is constitutional by calling the penalty for not having insurance a tax. And Congress has the power to tax people. So these attorneys general come in, and they argued that since Congress eliminated that tax penalty, the law can no longer stand. And that's what the judge agreed to last night. And he took that argument, and he struck down the entire law.","Now, it's going to be appealed.","Yeah.","The attorney general of California's already said so."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The judge rejected the law so hard that it's being compared to striking something down.","questions":"What is the judge's decision compared to?","answer":"Striking"}
{"text":["Oh, there are lots of modern blunders but not all of them are brilliant.","To be brilliant, it has to be truly an epic blunder, is what you're saying.","Well, it has to be something that in one way or another leads to a real breakthrough. You know, this is how I define, you know, a brilliant blunder and not just something that is a big mistake. I mean there are lots of huge mistakes.","While I was writing this book, when people would ask me what is your book about, I said, you know, it's about brilliant blunders and it's not an autobiography."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : To be truly brilliant, a blunder must lead to a real breakthrough.","questions":"Which kind of blunder does PersonA define as brilliant?","answer":"Brilliant"}
{"text":["Earlier this week, viewers of the CBS drama \"The Good Fight\" were greeted by an 8 1\/2-second-long image. It read, CBS has censored this content. Content was a piece of animation, along with a song, that took critical aim at Chinese censorship, often of American products, and the importance of a Chinese market to U. S.  businesses, sometimes at the expense of U. S.  values.","The animator who brought that bit to life is Steve Angel. He joins us now from Toronto. Mr.  Angel, thanks so much for being with us.","My pleasure. Happy to talk to you.","And I should disclose I'm a special contributor to \"CBS Sunday Morning,\" a production of CBS News. Since we can't see that scene for ourselves, could you describe it to us?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The animation bit wasn't literally brought to life; it just means that the man created the animation.","questions":"What does \"brought\" mean in the context of the animator Steve Angel?","answer":"Created"}
{"text":["Good morning, Renee.","First, that citizenship question. In just a matter of days, it's been on, it's been off. Now the president says he wants it on again. What's going on there?","The Supreme Court said last month, you could have it but only with good justification. And the Supreme Court has ruled before that the census is supposed to count everyone and not just citizens, as it has always. Then, the president said yesterday he had four or five ways that he could get this question back on. But executive orders, which were one of the ways he mentioned, do not supersede court orders. So the president is still going to have to have something that pleases the court.","And yesterday, a federal judge in Maryland ordered further discovery in this case, meaning people from Commerce and the Justice Department are going to have to answer questions about this question, where it came from. And yesterday, in court, the lawyers for the administration admitted that, at this point, they don't know what to say.","The president has also been tweeting about another big story, the conditions at Border Patrol detention centers. Yesterday, he said many of the migrants held there were - and I'm quoting - \"living far better now than they were where they came from and in safer conditions. \"I mean, that's not what a report from the Department of Homeland Security's own Office of the Inspector General said this week. It - that report warned about dangerous overcrowding and prolonged detention without proper food or hygiene or laundry facilities - very big difference."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The citizenship question has been a topic of confusion and inconsistency.","questions":"What has been the source of confusion in recent days?","answer":"confusion"}
{"text":["President Obama in Elkhart, Indiana, today says he will create an independent, bipartisan board to oversee spending and to ensure that the money isn't wasted. The high school auditorium in Elkhart was filled to capacity for President Obama's town hall meeting. According to the Elkhart Truth newspaper this morning, the line to get in was longer than a football field. People waited for hours in predawn frigid temperatures. The president chose Elkhart to sell his stimulus plan because it's one of the cities that has suffered the most in this recession. Elkhart's unemployment rate is 17 percent. Earlier, I spoke with the managing editor of the newspaper, Greg Halling.","So, 17 percent unemployment rate; tell us more about how the economy has affected Elkhart.","What you see is, in Elkhart, is just everywhere you look, people who have held jobs, who've been able to take care of their families, basically, their entire lives, for the first time, being forced to go to food pantries just to make sure that they can make ends meet.","So, with a 17 percent unemployment rate in Elkhart, the people must be pretty desperate. How much faith and how much hope are they pinning on the stimulus package?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Obama wants to make sure that money is not spent on things that are not needed.","questions":"Which city did President Obama choose to sell his stimulus plan?","answer":"Elkhart"}
{"text":["From each other?","Yeah, male and female professionals of color?Do they face different challenges?","I think they do face different challenges. And particularly, I look at women and they can tend to be branded things like too emotional, or not competitive, or not dedicated. Because there are some unique skill sets that women bring that I think really ad value. So for example I find that women are more intuitive, which means for me they can be better forecasters of future trends. They're more nurturing, which means they're better attuned to the needs of their people and really better at developing people, and they actually are better communicators to me. I know that's a surprise to a lot of listeners, but I find that they are more responsive to giving and receiving feedback.","Just quickly, what about men?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Women professionals face unique challenges due to gender stereotypes","questions":"How are women professionals affected by gender stereotypes?","answer":"Challenges"}
{"text":["Work on voter registration, voter mobilization, education, coalition building, work together to help end the war in Iraq and Afghanistan. Reinvest in America. Convince young America that they really do have the power to change the course of the country. We must have a renewed and multiracial and multicultural coalition. These are the things that I've revolved my work around, and I intend to be pushing them real hard this summer and fall.","And do you think you'd go out on the stump with him if he wanted you to, or does he want you to?","Whatever proximity he wants. You know, he must make that decision, you know, as to who, you know, that campaign, you know, you have consultants, you have advisors, you have surrogates, you have supporters. I'm a strong supporter and have been so since before he announced, and I will continue supporting because I believe he represents the right side of history for all of America and really for the world.","Well, Reverend Jackson, thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is advocating for social and political change.","questions":"Which political movement is PersonA advocating for?","answer":"Change"}
{"text":["You bet.","OK. The rope broke in my hands.","The rope broke in my hands. I'm writing that down right now.","That's good to know I could be of some use. Dave LaBounty of \"The First Line. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker may be hinting at a hidden agenda. They may be suggesting that the people they are talking to are not being completely honest and may be hiding something. This could be in a business situation, where the speaker suspects that the other party is not giving them all the information they need to make an informed decision. It could also be in a personal or romantic situation, where the speaker is suggesting that the other person is not being completely honest.","questions":"Which agenda?","answer":"Hidden"}
{"text":["I'm not so sure that it was missed, per se. I think it's been there at the forefront of the news for a really long time. I just don't think that we saw the potential that it would impact the election in the way that it did, insofar as it's tied up in these other economic and social struggles that are occurring within the same communities.","And to be clear again, you're not saying that people that have a problem with opioids or drug or alcohol voted for Donald Trump so much as people who live in those communities that have been affected by it statistically in your study voted for Donald Trump.","Well, that's right. And I can't say necessarily who voted for Donald Trump, but we have to remember that addiction and depression and these diseases and deaths of despair go far beyond the individuals themselves who are affected by them. They affect friends and family members and coworkers and first responders and service providers and employers in communities who are dealing with the struggles of these and experience the same sort of frustration and anxiety that are associated or wrapped up within diseases and deaths of despair.","You conclude your study by - I believe the quote is community level well-being played an important role in this election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The impacts of opioid addiction and other diseases and deaths of despair were not fully appreciated until they were seen to have had a significant effect on the election outcome.","questions":"Which disease was not fully appreciated until it was seen to have had a significant effect on the election outcome?","answer":"Opioid"}
{"text":["About 300 jobs will be coming back to the Granite City Works plant in Granite City, Ill.  U. S.  Steel made that announcement this past week. That's on top of the 500 new jobs U. S.  Steel announced in March. The company pointed to the Trump administration's controversial tariffs on imported steel as one of the reasons. Dan Simmons is the president of the steelworkers union in Granite City, and he joins us now. Welcome to the program.","Well, thank you.","I want to take you back a little bit to understand the context of what happened in your town. I understand the last few years have been really tough for your members. U. S.  Steel laid off hundreds of workers in 2015. What did that mean for the people there?","It was devastating. When you take their livelihood away, there's nothing out there. And what jobs are there that these guys were able to, you know, pick up, they weren't making nothing what they were making with us. And you watch the - not only these members and their families erode, you see this town erode, the community. It's like a big sucking sound, so to speak.","So what has the community's reaction been to this most recent announcement?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The families, town, and communities lose members and become non existent as a unit.","questions":"Which unit becomes non-existent due to the loss of members?","answer":"Community"}
{"text":["The regulations and the oversight that was put in place was relatively minimal because this was going to be such a small endeavor. It was going to be a small-scale experiment for 100 schools. Well, guess what?We have 1,300 charter schools today. And we have a law that doesn't actually account for the scale of that.","That's LA Times reporter Anna Phillips. She's been investigating loopholes in California's charter school system. What she discovered is a fragmented and decentralized regulating system. In Los Angeles, Phillips encountered a case in which a wealthy Beverly Hills couple made millions of dollars by simply turning to a different school district whenever their charter schools came under scrutiny.","These charter schools had been set up as nonprofits that were publicly funded. But if you looked right kind of on the outskirts of them, the couple that had started them had essentially created a series of businesses or nonprofits that were doing business with their own schools. So for instance, this couple rented a lot of their own properties they owned. They were their own landlords.","They owned buildings that then they rented to the schools, so they were getting that income.","Exactly. And there were other ways they were getting income. The woman who ran these schools, her husband was hired on as a project manager for about $500,000 to oversee the construction of a new campus. When they wanted to bring in cafeteria meals for their students, they hired one of their own organizations. So this was public money that was coming into these schools, but the couple that ran them was financially benefiting from it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"They owned buildings that then they rented to the schools, so they were getting that income\" - The literal meaning of this sentence is that the couple owned buildings that they leased to their charter schools, generating rental income. However, the implied meaning is that they may have been using their positions of authority to steer public funds towards their own personal gain.","questions":"How were the couple financially benefiting from the charter schools?","answer":"rent"}
{"text":["Well, so far, they've gotten houses in Jeddah, a city on the Red Sea in Saudi Arabia. They've also gotten monthly stipends, or monthly payments, of about $10,000 to $15,000 per month.","Although it sounds like, from your reporting, that's just the beginning. You report negotiations for possible larger payments. What would they be?","Yeah. So this is - this happens in sort of two stages. These were payments that were approved by the king late last year for the family. But going forward, you know, there are cases; there are prosecutions underway in Saudi Arabia. When those conclude, there would be an opening for discussions for far more money. And that's where you get into the real sort of blood money situation or scenario. Those could be millions and millions of dollars (inaudible). . .","Now, we should just underline that. I mean, we understand, from civil lawsuits in the United States, the idea of punitive damages. Blood money, I guess, is somewhat similar but also different. This is a way to wipe away a killing rather than the family of the victim having to seek revenge. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) implies that there is a possibility of further financial compensation beyond the previously approved payments, while","questions":"What type of damages is blood money similar to?","answer":"Compensation"}
{"text":["That's the unmistakable voice of Faith Evans, known as the first lady of hip hop. At 35 years old, she's been through more than most folks will in their entire life. Faith was raised by her grandparents in a house full of children, foster children, and other relatives. By the age of four, she found her first adoring audience in her church.","By 15, she was climbing out of her bedroom window to go learn how to record and mix music. Three years after that, Faith was a college dropout, a songwriter, a single mother, and a survivor of a brutal and abusive relationship. By 24, she was a successful singer and a widow.","Now, Faith Evans is telling all in her memoir, \"Keep the Faith,\" starting with the death of her estranged husband, the rapper Notorious B. I. G.","Basically, my life was changed in a matter of seconds. I mean, I think that's pretty much how I did sum in up in the intro, I mean, before I even described what I was doing and you know, what he was doing."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : She was able to rise above her difficult circumstances and become a successful artist despite her hardships.","questions":"Which memoir?","answer":"Faith."}
{"text":["Yeah. Why?","Dan is an institutionalist. He's actually not even a conservative. If you go look at his voting record, he's one of the more moderate members of our conference. But what he's been pushing is a more open and fair system, where more amendments are allowed, more debate is allowed and the Congress is allowed to work as a legislative body. It hasn't been done like that now for the last 10 years, and it certainly hasn't been like that since Mr.  Boehner was chairman (unintelligible). . .","Well, when you say Congress is allowed to work as a legislative body, you understand the frustration that I think very openly Speaker Boehner and some others experience that everybody was talking, but not a lot of business was getting done, that that was the result of all this give and take. And they think at some point, if you're going to be in government, you've got to govern.","Well, there wasn't any give and take. That was the problem. It was regular practice for us - and this doesn't get widely reported - but on a debt ceiling debate, for example, we would do nothing; we do nothing; we do nothing. And then three days before the debt ceiling limit was reached, Mr.  Boehner would walk into a room and say OK, here's what we're doing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Speaker Boehner and others are implicating that even though there was a lot of talking, the lack of actual business getting done was a result of the give and take (debates).","questions":"Which group thinks that the lack of actual business getting done was a result of give and take in debates?","answer":"Speaker"}
{"text":["Oh, let's see. Who would be a good heating guy out there in the elements?I would say Russell Crowe, maybe.","I can see that. I can see that. . .","Yeah, I could see him with the big, frozen beard out there bearing the elements or maybe Mel Gibson. Unfortunately, I don't grow that full of a beard so I don't get that much protection, but, you know, you do what you can.","You've kept a lot of people warm and safe this year. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the person being addressed has kept a lot of people warm and safe throughout the year and is being thanked for it. The figurative meaning, however, is that the person being addressed has done something good or helpful for others and is being appreciated for it, but not necessarily in a literal sense of keeping them warm and safe.","questions":"Which meaning of the turn is figurative?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me.","John Hinckley's been undergoing treatment for more than 30 years and people who've worked with him say he isn't the same man who shot President Reagan and doesn't pose the same threat he did in1981. Why are you skeptical?","Well, he has had a pattern of being deceptive. Not too long ago, on one of his outings, he told the hospital that he was going to a movie. And the Secret Service agents who were trailing him saw that he was at a library looking at books on my father and also looking at presidential assassins. The diagnosis for him is narcissistic personality disorder, which is incurable. So one of the ideas that's being presented by his doctors and by his attorney, Barry Levine, is that he hasn't done anything violent in the last 30 years. This makes no sense to me whatsoever. You know, that's like saying there's an expiration date on violent tendencies. He's 59. He has time to do something else. He planned that shooting for quite a while before he did it.","But he's been in Saint Elizabeths a long time, longer than maybe if he'd shot someone who wasn't beloved around the world and a household name."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : John Hinckley may have been in Saint Elizabeths for a longer time than if he had shot someone less famous.","questions":"How long has John Hinckley been in Saint Elizabeths?","answer":"30"}
{"text":["But I have to say, every time that I think, OK, now is the time I'm going to get in, this is a great buying opportunity, as everyone tells me, every time I look at the stock market, it's gone down again, and I think, phew, it's the end of the day. Thank goodness I didn't buy in today. But then the next day, it happens again.","Yeah, I know. It's depressing. Looking at this market, the market is a reflection of worldwide psychology. So clearly, people around the world are depressed right now, and they're not optimistic about the future, which is sad.","But in the long run, the things that will make the most money are not pieces of rock like gold or liquids like oil or cash, which is just pieces of paper, but real growing companies that are servicing strong demographic trends.","It's impossible to call a bottom. Yes, all these stocks that are cheap could get cheaper, but now is certainly one of the best times to buy stocks that we've seen in the past 70 years. I mean, it's incredible, which is why Warren Buffett is out there buying stocks right now."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The state of the stock market reflects the worldwide pessimism and depression","questions":"How does the stock market reflect worldwide sentiment?","answer":"pessimism"}
{"text":["Yes, they are. They're very much weather aware, because the weather here is sometimes pretty tough, like it is in Kansas and Texas and all the other places. But they're weather aware. So, a little bit different. They're used to what we have. They seem to handle it quite well. They, you know, they all pretty well know their safety precautions. They usually react well. So, a little bit different group of people in Oklahoma than you'll find in some other states.","Getting up so many mornings of the year not knowing whether or not a tornado might come churning through your street must make a different kind of person.","It certainly does. And, you know, we do our best to train people to get up in the morning, obviously, and find out if there's a risk. And with the advent of all the wireless devices - the phones and such - it's much easier to do.","But despite all the technical innovations there've been over the years, including a few that you've figured in, like the use of Doppler radar, how predictable is a thing like a tornado?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  B states that \"Getting up so many mornings of the year not knowing whether or not a tornado might come churning through your street must make a different kind of person.\" The implied meaning here is that people who live in areas prone to tornadoes must be resilient and adaptable in order to deal with the constant threat of danger. The literal meaning is simply that living in an area prone to tornadoes must create a different type of person.","questions":"What type of people must live in areas prone to tornadoes?","answer":"Alert"}
{"text":["These Special Forces and SEAL veterans, Navy SEAL veterans - they deployed on a mission to kill the leader of the Aden branch of Al-Islah. And Al-Islah, as I write, is a very important political party in Yemen. It's an Islamist party, but it's not viewed in the wider world as a terrorist group. Nonetheless, the UAE, as we write, hired this company to kill this local political leader, this Islamist leader.","The UAE and Saudi Arabia are leading the war in Yemen against rebels in Yemen, and they have U. S.  support. Now, you suggest in the story that somebody in this group was a member of the active military, don't you?","A reservist - he was a reservist, and he was a SEAL reservist. He was at that level of command, one of the nation's best, most highly trained. And he was still - you know, technically, he had a top-secret clearance, sources told us, even when he was doing this very strange, unique, unprecedented mission, as far as we know.","I guess I'm among those Americans who just assume that that had to be illegal, that U. S.  citizens couldn't do that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : SEAL refers to as and implies an organization and not a closure ","questions":"What does SEAL refer to?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["That's right. It has a huge box that they call the LiDAR machine which basically can pierce through the jungle's foliage and map whatsoever on the ground underneath.","And this LiDAR machine can penetrate even triple canopy rainforest.","It's absolutely incredible. It strips it out completely. And you can actually see something as small as a meter on a side, sitting on the ground underneath this incredibly dense rainforest.","And this rainforest, it turns out even sites that had been discovered by archeologists before that the LiDAR technique from the air found vastly more than the archeologists ever suspected."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The machine can read images under the jungle foliage.","questions":"What do they call the machine that can penetrate the jungle's foliage and map the ground underneath?","answer":"LiDAR"}
{"text":["Yeah. It's a slam dunk. Yeah. I think that's kind of universal.","What's Krosno like?","Krosno is great. It's really small. It's about 50,000 people. It's kind of a young town, too - lots of high school students. But they get excited about basketball. So that's good.","I'm going to guess you're pretty well-known in town already."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 1).  In this context, \"slam dunk\" is not referring to a basketball move, but rather an expression meaning that something is certain or easy. The speaker is using it to convey their confidence in their statement.","questions":"How did the speaker use the phrase \"slam dunk\"?","answer":"Confidence"}
{"text":["Well, we make them act like Trojan horses. One of the innate abilities they have is that for some reason they just chase these very difficult-to-reach migratory cancer cells in human brain. And because of this innate ability, we can then load them with these, you know, Greek soldiers, as you said in the introduction, in this case as a way of killing brain cancer cells, and they reach, they get these cancer cells. And in our experimental studies, at least in an in-vitro study, they seem to have a very good efficacy.","Is this in mice?Are you doing this in mice?","Well, we - the paper that we publish right now is all in-vitro, and it was a proof of principle that we can get these cells from human fat. And the series of experiments that we're doing in the laboratory right now are precisely in rodents, in mice.","Mm-hmm. And they're able to cross that blood-brain barrier and go into the brain?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Not actually trojan horses or Greek soldiers, just cells that enter the body with a different purpose than what they originally have ","questions":"Which innate ability do the cells have?","answer":"Migratory"}
{"text":["So instead, we inquired more. Where did you hear this?Where did you see this?Can you show me that?And when they showed us, I - the first thing we tried to do was say, I get why this seems funny on the surface, and I totally get why it's confusing. And they were also younger at the time, so they were probably a little more open than a kid would be at 16 or 17.","Well, you anticipate one of my questions as you talk about as youngsters age. I mean, don't teens manage to find a way to evade the best parental advice in any case?","Oh, yeah, for sure. I mean, what I hoped that we were able to build with our kids from when they were young is a foundation where they believe that when we say something is not great, maybe they disobey, but deep inside there's a little voice that's going to say to them, you know, I should question this. I should question why this seems so, you know, funny and, yet, I feel like I have to keep it a secret. But, you know, we have had parental filters on our computers and on our media. As the kids got older, we realized pretty much every kid can evade any filter.","What about the girls in your sons' classes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The question is asking if the girls in the sons' classes can evade any filters.","questions":"How are the girls in the sons' classes able to evade parental filters?","answer":"unknown"}
{"text":["Well, we knew something was going to happen. We were preparing for it, but you didn't know where. And we were all set to jump on the - would be the take-off on the flight - night of the 4th, so D-Day would have been the 5th. But it was pouring rain, so it was held off for 24 hours. But we all were laying on these cots. And the cots were right next to each other. You're talking about 500 cots in this big hangar, so it was a pretty rank place after a while.","Smelled pretty bad?","It smelled mannish, yeah.","Mannish. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Preparing for something anticipated, but uncertain of where and when it would happen.","questions":"Which day was D-Day supposed to happen according to PersonA's plan?","answer":"5th"}
{"text":["Well, first, it's going to sell a majority stake in its most prized asset, its investment-management division. The bank will also slash its stock dividends and sell off much of its mortgage business. You know, this announcement was triggered yesterday by the collapse of a possible deal with the Korea Development Bank that would have given Lehman some much needed capital. But Lehman's been struggling for awhile. Like Bear Stearns, it's been caught with a lot of bad mortgage debt and investors who've been frustrated that Lehman can't come up with the money to cover that debt. They've driven the bank's stock price down 80 percent this year.","So, this is a big concern on Wall Street and a big concern in the banking industry. What about consumers, should they be concerned as well?","Well, consumers will be feeling the bank's pain, most likely in the form of higher interest rates for credit cards and car loans and mortgages. I talked to Jane D'Arista at the Financial Market Center, and she pointed out that last weekend, when the government announced that it would back up Fannie and Freddie's debts, mortgage rates dropped almost right away.","Ms.  JANE D'ARISTA (Director of Programs, Financial Market Center): We had that lively little bounce there in the mortgage market where the rates went down, and everybody is very hopeful that this will restart the process of making mortgages, therefore getting rid of inventory and therefore protecting the prices of the housing market. But Lehman may take that away."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The government's backing of Fannie and Freddie's debts lowered mortgage rates, but Lehman's struggles may reverse this progress.","questions":"How might Lehman's struggles affect mortgage rates?","answer":"Mortgage"}
{"text":["That's still not always easy, but that's a message that can succeed. If, however, you have a muddled message, if it seems like you're planning on having some retrenchment of a program for no good reason, you're not articulating a good and compelling reason to do it. That tends to be much, much worse.","There is a paradox. The Affordable Care Act has become popular, as we mentioned, but in the same polls when you ask people about Obamacare, they say that they don't like it. Now that Obama is out of office, are people paying more attention to the actual policy and its effect on their lives?","Well, what I'd say is that earlier on, I pointed out to the fact that if you look at surveys, you find that people say that the federal government should insure universal coverage. Now, of course, there are lots of ways to go about doing that. As for Obamacare in particular, it certainly has created some constituencies. But are there ways to change the law that would be broadly popular?I think the answer is yes.","But to do that, you'd really need to have a coherent, unified critique of Obamacare. And that's the big problem for Republicans because if you're looking at Republican objections to Obamacare, they've come from pretty much every direction. People have criticized it for all kinds of reasons that are oftentimes somewhat contradictory. And that means that you don't have a kind of common narrative about, what's the problem here that we're trying to solve?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Obamacare\" The actual meaning of this turn is not different from its literal meaning. It refers to the Affordable Care Act, which was signed into law by President Barack Obama in 2010.","questions":"How is the Affordable Care Act commonly referred to?","answer":"Affordable"}
{"text":["As someone who has worked for so many years to promote human rights in Afghanistan, do you feel this in your gut?Are you optimistic that this peace can hold?","I yet do not trust the promises the Taliban make. I'm worried about my little girls, two of them, and their future. But also, I'm optimist about the fact that Afghanistan is a different country.","You think Afghanistan is a place where your two daughters can have a happy, successful life.","As a nation who have suffered for a large number of years, our country and our people deserve peace and stability and to move on. However, this is the time that we make a commitment that we would fight for the rights of our people, including the right of my two little girls. And that's why my focus is to make sure that the peace process is not rushed; we take enough time to develop the details of a peace agreement that ensures and guarantees the freedom that I want for my daughters."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker's emotions and thoughts are being explored in order to gauge their optimism and trust in the peace process.","questions":"How is the PersonA's attitude towards the promises made by the Taliban?","answer":"Distrust"}
{"text":["Most Americans agree Congress should do something to try to end gun violence. There is wide support for a range of ideas, including keeping tabs on or limiting who can get a gun and making it easier for police and family members to temporarily take guns away from people who may hurt themselves or others - what's known as red flag laws. There's more division on other proposals. We all - we know all of this because of a new NPR\/PBS NewsHour\/Marist poll.","NPR senior political editor and correspondent Domenico Montanaro has dug into the numbers. He joins us now. Hey, Domenico.","Hey, Ailsa.","OK. So I want to start where there is some agreement. Let's just start positive for now. What does this poll tell us?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is a problem with gun violence in America.","questions":"Which type of laws are mentioned in the dialogue that allow police and family members to temporarily take guns away from people who may hurt themselves or others?","answer":"Red-flag"}
{"text":["Well, the Hardings sued when they came to light. And the family wanted to put them away for 50 years so that anybody involved in them would be long gone. So they put them in the Library of Congress and four microfilms in the Ohio Historical Society. The archivist though, who made the microfilms, sent several microfilms out to various people for protective custody. And that's one of the ones that I got a hold of in 2004. But they've been under seal and under a court-order - under seal until actually next week is when they finally come out.","Let me get to the spy-story stuff. Was Carrie Fulton Phillips trying to influence President Harding toward Germany?","Yeah. Well, he was then Senator Harding with the obligation to vote for war or not. And she thought we should stay out. She was extremely pro-German. She was hanging out with a very pro-German crowd, some of whom were spies for sure in New York City. And she had lived in Berlin for three years in the lead-up to the war. So she definitely was trying to convince him not to vote for war. And he eventually writes to her that though it's going to be a really tough thing for their relationship, he's going to vote for war. But that's not long before we actually get involved in the war.","But what about the whole idea that somehow she was some kind of conduit for information to Berlin?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Was Carrie Fulton Phillips trying to influence President Harding towards Germany? This implies that she was attempting to sway his opinion on whether the US should enter the war, not just provide information to Berlin. ","questions":"Which country was Carrie Fulton Phillips trying to influence President Harding towards?","answer":"Germany"}
{"text":["Four-fifty a month, sorry, I think I missed it. But that would translate to, like, 15 hours a day.","Yeah, yeah.","You're saying yeah, like it's no big deal. I mean, but where does - what drives you?That seems like a lot of time.","It is a lot of time, but, I mean, at the end of the day, why does anyone do anything?It makes me feel alive, and it makes me feel excited about the world, I guess.","There's no ads on Brainpickings, either. Why did you make that decision?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He mentions what drives you as A is taking a his tasks with an overwork schedule. ","questions":"What does PersonB ask about PersonA's motivation for taking on an overworked schedule?","answer":"Motivation"}
{"text":["Well, we've - they've already spent too much time, that is the Congress and the president, in getting a deal. So they can't, in my opinion, put together a real big debt reduction bill that the country and its people deserves. In the meantime, this tax problem came in, the Bush tax is going to expire, which was done by the law that adopted it, and that's going to put a big pressure on the budget.","And we've got a law that is so unreasonable that it ought to be repealed, the sequester. I think they're going to find a way to repeal the sequester. I think they're going to find a way to do all of the savings required in the appropriated accounts, the annual billings, but I think they're going to be very short of savings in the entitlement programs, the long-term health care, which costs are going to go skyrocketing along while we sit around thinking everything's rosy. They may not find a way to solve that one.","I hope they do, but I see no evidence that they are doing that one right. So I think they'll get two or three out of the four, and then question for everyone: will they put that much together and say, take it, and some language saying we'll do more next year?I would have some further suggestions, but we don't have time.","Well, Senator Domenici, thank you very much for your time today."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is doubt whether the Congress will be able to come up with a comprehensive solution for all the issues and it may require multiple attempts","questions":"How many attempts may be required to solve all the issues according to Senator Domenici?","answer":"Two"}
{"text":["If I hear you right, you're saying the process worked. Somebody who thought they saw behavior - not - I'm not asking you to characterize it - but thought they saw behavior that they were uncomfortable with or that crossed a line - that they were able to report it through the proper channels. It maybe took a little while, but it has reached the people it was intended to reach.","That would be correct. As a whistleblower fan, I think the process worked the right way.","Given that, can you speak to the delay that it took to reach the intelligence committees?The DNI knew about this for a while, and it wasn't reported.","Yeah, unfortunately, I would not have optic to that, which is a good reason because I think the individuals that are in the center of that circle need to remain small and precise in - to protect the whistleblower."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The behavior was unacceptable to what the people would accept.","questions":"How would you describe the behavior reported by the whistleblower?","answer":"behavior"}
{"text":["And is this going to encourage changes at other state universities?Is this going to encourage more lawsuits?","I think it's hard to gauge. If you were one of the conservatives who wanted to challenge affirmative action, I would think this is a little depressing. You spent years trying to get a case at the Supreme Court, and you don't - you know, it's not much of an incentive to do it again.","I think it may encourage a few big states, as I mentioned, to try to move away a little bit from weighing race and trying to find a way, like this top 10 law, rewarding top graduates, find a way to bring in more minority students but without giving an explicit preference in the admissions policy.","Now some will remember there was another case I think from the University of Michigan that was also broadly about affirmative action. Does the Texas case supplant that, or are we awaiting a decision on the Michigan case, as well?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Race may not be used by some big states in college admissions.","questions":"How may some big states try to bring in more minority students without giving an explicit preference in the admissions policy?","answer":"rewards"}
{"text":["Mr.  Zandi, you served as an adviser for Senator John McCain's presidential campaign, and now you've been working with the Democrats in leadership. I'm wondering, what sort of advice are you giving them for how to get out of this situation?","Well, I think the most important thing is that government policy needs to be very aggressive. We need a concerted, comprehensive, and consistent response to our economic problems. The crisis is very severe and significant. And without such a response, we're going to be in the economic soup, so to speak, for a long time to come.","And specifically - I'm sure there's many things you've suggested - could you give us a couple of highlights of concrete plans?","Well, the thing that's on the drawing board right now is the economic stimulus plan, and I think we do need a very large plan that would include increases in government spending and tax cuts.","To add to this troubled economy, we now have the latest unemployment figures out this morning from major metropolitan areas. Here's how they look. In November 2007, 18 areas reported jobless rates of at least seven percent. In November 2008, that number jumped to 121. Which areas have seen the highest unemployment rate?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : not a physical drawing board or easel, but the most important thing on an agenda or plan; not a physically big-in-size plan, but a plan with many elements or parts to it","questions":"What is the most important thing that needs to be on the economic agenda according to the adviser?","answer":"Plan"}
{"text":["It's very important to me. But also I had to try and understand how somebody so remarkable would think of herself and how would people see her. And what I realized, as a result of my research, was that there was this entire tradition of women warriors in France at that time - quite celebrated - and they had fought. They had worn men's clothes and they were celebrated, like Joan of Arc had been many years before, and perhaps that was the tradition that she fitted into.","It did occur to me reading the novel - and you want to be careful with this sort of thing - but if Julie a'Aubigny had been alive now, someone would've said, well, there's a support group you ought to join.","(Laughter) Oh, look, I think if she arrived now, we would still be amazed. She would still be larger than life. She's like an Olympic gold medalist combined with Lady Gaga. She's that remarkable. And she would probably still be a star today. There's not really anybody like her now.","And like a lot of great stars we could mention, she didn't last a long a course, did she?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : She was a remarkable and iconic figure who would still be celebrated today.","questions":"How would the speaker describe Julie d'Aubigny if she arrived today?","answer":"Remarkable"}
{"text":["Jay Austin and Lauren Geoghegan were both 29. For years, they worked desk jobs in Washington, D. C.  - Lauren at the admissions office at Georgetown University, Jay at the Department of Housing and Urban Development. In their travel blog, they wrote that they wanted to live life on simpler, more deliberate terms and see the globe in an inexpensive, sustainable and gratifying way. They wanted to bike it. Back in 2015, Jay Austin showed an NPR reporter around his house as part of a feature on the tiny house movement.","That's the parlor over there, seating for about seven or so, two couches.","All 143 square feet of it. Jay Austin believed in tiny homes.","I think it's really been great to have kind of not a very complex, not a very expensive space but to have the ability to have easy access to nature. If I am feeling like I have cabin fever, I open my front door."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Jay Austin's tiny house is extremely small, measuring only 143 square feet.","questions":"Which measurement describes the size of Jay Austin's tiny house?","answer":"143"}
{"text":["Let's get back to the news organizations who weren't permitted in this briefing. Now, I gather this kind of briefing is called a gaggle. What happened?","That's right.","Were you there?What did you see?","Well, what happened is instead of the daily on-camera briefing, Sean Spicer called a gaggle so he could talk to the pool. That's the small group of reporters that go places where the entire press corps can't fit. And then they share their transcripts and their notes with everyone else in the press corps. The White House said this gaggle would have an extended pool. And turns out they invited some additional organizations, but they pointedly excluded others like CNN, The New York Times, Politico. NPR was not there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that the speaker wants to know what happened during the gaggle and why certain news organizations were excluded.","questions":"What briefing did Sean Spicer call instead of the daily on-camera briefing?","answer":"Gaggle"}
{"text":["Well, he sounds like a very ambitious entrepreneur.","I think they are, you know. I think the appeal of it, obviously, for entrepreneurs - this drop shipping model - is that it takes almost nothing upfront. You don't need money to buy the stuff. The tools online are very inexpensive, and it's this possibility that these entrepreneurs can get something for nothing - right?- that they can generate money basically out of thin air.","And not to make any comparisons, but I seem to recall that there was a time when J. Crew was a catalog retailer - didn't have any real stores. And now, of course, they've got plenty of them in addition to a very ambitious online retail site.","Absolutely. The way that I've thought about these Shopify stores is they're undoubtedly strange because they're new, but their model is fundamentally not that different from, like, a big corporate enterprise. It's just that the tools have democratized the ability for people to tap into the globalized economy. And so before, it took the idea of having a supply chain and having all these people who would know factory owners in China and all these other kinds of things - that took a lot of infrastructure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"it takes almost nothing upfront\" and \"they can generate money basically out of thin air\" - Literal meaning: The speaker is referring to the low cost and ease of starting a dropshipping business online. Actual meaning: These phrases are used figuratively to emphasize how easy it is to start a business without significant upfront costs or physical inventory.","questions":"How would you describe the appeal of the dropshipping model?","answer":"Ease"}
{"text":["What's a fuel hedge?Explain that.","A fuel hedge is basically a financial contract that you buy in the commodity market where you essentially pre-buying fuel. So Southwest CEO, Gary Kelly, back in 2003, as the U. S.  was preparing to go to war in Iraq, just decided that the war in the Middle East wasn't probably good for oil prices, and he went out and bought a lot of oil ahead of time. Pre-bought it, and that has paid off in billions of dollars of profits for the airline.","And this continues from 2003?Do they continue to buy fuel ahead?Because the price of oil over the last year, I mean, it keeps going up and up. At some point you would think they would say we're not going to buy anymore.","You know it's fascinating because a lot of people thought Southwest hedges would fade out. They did make that big bet when prices were in the 30's, but they kept buying and they have continued to buy. They have most of their oil bought for this year at about 57 dollars a barrel. If you don't have hedges, you're right now paying about 120 something dollars a barrel. And they've bought fuel all the way out to 2012 as of today."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Southwest has continued to buy fuel ahead despite the rising oil prices over the years","questions":"How has Southwest responded to the rising oil prices over the years?","answer":"Continued"}
{"text":["He was all those things. I. . .","Did his brother's death, in a sense, liberate him to seek a new identity, to travel, to get to know and reflect the world?","I think that shook him deep to his soul. But I think the other thing that happened was his father's stroke. He had to get his father off his back. Joe Kennedy Sr.  was a formidable but, I think, menacing figure in his life who took a sweet, young seventh born who he had called a runt and encouraged him to become tough and ruthless - first a jock at Harvard, getting his letter with a broken leg, and then becoming this enforcer for his brother.","That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid. As a kid, he was - he hung around all the time with African-American kids. Those were his playmates, even in Hyannis. He was - he, you know, Father Feeney - when Father Feeney said no salvation outside the Catholic Church, he railed against that, which was so extraordinary in that very Catholic family."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Did his brother's death, in a sense, liberate him to seek a new identity, to travel, to get to know and reflect the world?  In this turn, the literal meaning would be asking if the brother's death physically freed him to pursue a new identity and travel. However, the implied meaning goes beyond the literal words and suggests whether the brother's death had a profound impact on the person's perspective and motivation, allowing them to explore new aspects of life and gain a deeper understanding of the world.","questions":"How did Bobby Kennedy's father influence his personality?","answer":"Tough"}
{"text":["And a lot of people might ask, how are you measuring innovation and creativity?","Well, most people measure innovation typically by looking at rates of patenting. Now people have become to track the number of start-up companies emerging in urban centers or the venture capital. And the good news is that cities are upping the ante. New York now, Manhattan is the second highest center for venture capital-backed start-up companies behind only Silicon Valley. But the other caution I wanted to make, and I think you know and folks listening know I'm a dyed-in-the-wool urbanist, that also places like Silicon Valley, which are somewhat car-dependent, can work. They can emulate many of the functions of the city.","So as we begin to build denser cities, the key is not just piling up people in buildings higher and higher and higher and creating vertical suburbs where people just interact in the building, it's to build cities that can be dense, that can have multi-story buildings, that can be close together. But having that interaction is a key part of keeping our cities innovation and creative not only here but in those emerging economies around the world.","Is there a difference in expense as well?Some of those older buildings in New York, hardly any place in Manhattan that anyone would describe as cheap, but they're less expensive in SoHo or Chelsea than they are in one of those big high-rise buildings in Midtown."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Measuring innovation and creativity is not limited to patenting and also includes the number of start-up companies and venture capital.","questions":"How do most people measure innovation?","answer":"Patenting"}
{"text":["Right, but it was not my choice to be here. And this is what people forget. I applied for asylum in 27 different countries around the world, and it was the government, the United States government, then-Secretary John Kerry, that canceled my passport as I was leaving from Hong Kong en route to Ecuador. And this locked me in place.","I believe they panicked. And I think the reason that I'm in Russia today is because what we know - this was actually publicly reported in 2013. Every time one of these other countries, one that the United States public would be much more comfortable with - a France, a Norway, a Germany - one of two people would call the Foreign Ministry of that country. And it would be either Secretary of State John Kerry or then-Vice President Joe Biden.","The idea here is they would go, look; we understand that he has been charged with political crimes. This means you don't qualify for extradition, and you almost always do qualify for asylum protections. And the government - we know you can do this, but if you do, we want you to understand there will be a response. We're not going to say what it will be, but it will be severe because we don't want to see the public seeing this guy as a whistleblower, which the public then was coming around to do.","You say the U. S.  government panicked. Did the U. S.  government panic, or just they felt it was important to the national interest of the United States to make certain you - your movement was limited?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person complained publicaly about things that were illegal and private.","questions":"How did the person disclose the information?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["I have no idea. I have no idea at this point.","You're just waiting for a call?","Any call from anyone, anywhere.","So are you actively out looking for something else more stable?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B implies that A is not actively looking for something more stable.","questions":"What is PersonB questioning PersonA about?","answer":"search"}
{"text":["I think they have put a scare into people enough that they'd approve almost anything, and that's unfortunate. But I think we rely on our leadership. Cal Rapson, who is our vice president, has been in General Motors his entire life. I worked with Cal when I was here as a president. I think he understands the needs of auto workers, understands what GM can do and what they can't do, and I think, if we follow his leadership along with Ron Getelfinger, we're not going to be in too bad a shape.","You worked at a GM plant for 32 years. What you're seeing right now, how does that compare to what you've seen in the past?There have been troubled times before.","Never have seen anything to this magnitude. Well, my local has gone from 14,000 members to 2,000. When I was here, we were worrying about what was our next product, not worrying about whether we were going to have a product.","And so, for some of the workers that are there now with you at this UAW hall currently employed, what are they talking about?Are they coming up with a plan B in case this doesn't happen and they don't have jobs?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The current workers of the UAW hall are preparing for the possibility that GM won't be saved and are coming up with plans for their future.","questions":"How are the current workers at the UAW hall preparing for the future?","answer":"Planning"}
{"text":["Well, that would be an interesting question. Right now, we make a decision. We say we're going to harden particular targets to make them difficult for terrorists to attack. So yes, terrorists do act rationally and choose another target - they choose a less hardened target. The question is whether it could respond very rapidly to changing information.","Large terror attacks take a lot of work and a lot of planning. And if the market predicted a high probability of an attack in a particular place, it's not as though it's a trivial matter for a terror group to suddenly switch all of its resources to another place. I'm not suggesting this would work. It would be a tool that would be used alongside other tools. And I'm just suggesting an experiment to see if it can improve the accuracy of intelligence forecast.","And what do you say to those people who say - my God, this is hideous?It's blood money.","It is hideous in a sense. It is. There's no question. I share the revulsion of people who say - but people shouldn't profit from this. On the other hand, if allowing people to profit from this, from making these predictions, improved our ability to predict, then it might be something worth trying because of the lives it would save on the other side."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implicates that the speaker is willing to sacrifice certain moral values for the sake of saving lives.","questions":"Which moral values?","answer":"Moral"}
{"text":["The people in Somalia are suffering in a tremendous way. Actually, last month, the International Red Cross said that the fighting in Somalia that's going on now is the worst in 15 years. The government, the transitional government that was put into power with the help of U. S.  and Ethiopian invasion about 15 months ago has controlled nearly none of the country. They control a small of Mogadishu. The rest of the country is literally falling apart around it.","There is also, actually, in the last month alone 40,000 people had fled the capital. These are urban dwellers who are now literally camped out at roadsides, trying to get U. N. -staffed displacement camps, but really relying on international community for their most basic need. It's a really, really dire situation for the people of Somalia.","What's going to happen with some of these relief organizations?Will they be able to continue to operate in this climate?","We feel for the last 12 months that a couple of things have happen. Several of these organizations have actually put out of the country, organizations like Oxfam, World Division - organizations that are usually are, in times of crisis, the best and both trained do this kind of work. They had because they're worried for the safety of their staff pulled out."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"put out of the country\" in turn (4) is an idiom that means \"to force someone to leave a place or country\", which is different from its literal meaning.","questions":"How was the departure of some relief organizations from Somalia described in turn 3?","answer":"Pulled"}
{"text":["So I'm going to plunge straight into another topic. That's gas prices. They rose more than six cents in one day following news of the damage to the Gulf Coast. There is a lot of oil industry there. Tropical Storm Ike also damaged that area.","Now, there is a question of whether or not folks are getting unfairly gouged. One gas station is said to have charged five dollars for a gallon of regular, and there are some other places in the damaged areas that don't even have gas. So is this price gouging?And I'm not just talking about the people in the effected areas, but people across the country.","There is some price gouging, I think, when you get to five dollars. On the other hand, when you're talking about what's happening with production, the fact is that there are almost immediate shortages. Gas stations have the gas that they have under their stations to pump, that's all they have. They have to get deliveries of other gas and it's more scarce, it costs them more.","So if someone decides, in anticipation of price rises, to raise the price on the gas under their station, that's not fair but it's somewhat reasonable. But when they take it from a few cents to five dollars, if it was being posted as $3. 65, which was the national average, and then you get up to five dollars, that does seem to be a bit much."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Raising gas prices by a large margin is unfair and not reasonable.","questions":"What is considered unreasonable and unfair in relation to gas prices?","answer":"gouging"}
{"text":["Work on voter registration, voter mobilization, education, coalition building, work together to help end the war in Iraq and Afghanistan. Reinvest in America. Convince young America that they really do have the power to change the course of the country. We must have a renewed and multiracial and multicultural coalition. These are the things that I've revolved my work around, and I intend to be pushing them real hard this summer and fall.","And do you think you'd go out on the stump with him if he wanted you to, or does he want you to?","Whatever proximity he wants. You know, he must make that decision, you know, as to who, you know, that campaign, you know, you have consultants, you have advisors, you have surrogates, you have supporters. I'm a strong supporter and have been so since before he announced, and I will continue supporting because I believe he represents the right side of history for all of America and really for the world.","Well, Reverend Jackson, thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is willing to support the campaign in any way he can","questions":"How is PersonA willing to support the campaign?","answer":"Any"}
{"text":["I went out last night, actually, to try to catch some of the World Series. And some of the bars are starting to reopen. But everywhere that you go, the only power that people have is running off of generators or running off of some solar power. You really do not see people getting much power from the grid.","Do you see people at work on the power system?","You do - absolutely. I mean, this is like this incredible project that is happening all across the island. There are crews that are out there. You see them moving. But you also see that there are power lines down absolutely everywhere. I mean, you know, we are talking weeks after Maria came through, and they're just - you know, wires are still lying all over the place. You know, big towers are down. It's dominating the media. It's dominating the news everyday. This is the obsession in Puerto Rico right now - is the power.","People must be frustrated. Who are they blaming?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The power grid is unreliable due to generators and solar power being used instead.","questions":"What is the alternative source of power being used due to the unreliable power grid?","answer":"generators"}
{"text":["Yeah.","You once said to (laughter) a contestant - I wonder if you even remember it. I'm going to do my bad Paul Hollywood imitation now. (Imitating accent) Your ganache lacks shine. So. . .","Yes, I do remember that.","Every now and then in the family, if we want to gently or comically upbraid each other, we go, (imitating accent) your ganache lacks shine.","(Laughter) Yeah, I mean - it was something. It was a few years ago, that. And it was to do with, obviously, with the outer coating on the cake. And the ganache is basically just chocolate cream. Normally, when you're dealing in a plain chocolate, so you can do 50-50. So 50 percent cream, 50 percent chocolate and just leave it to melt - and then pour it all over a cake. It sets, and you get a beautiful shine. You've got to be careful when you're setting it, and that's where it came from."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"B: Every now and then in the family, if we want to gently or comically upbraid each other, we go, (imitating accent) your ganache lacks shine.\" This turn implies that B and their family use the phrase \"your ganache lacks shine\" in a playful, teasing manner to gently criticize each other, rather than actually referring to the shine of the ganache itself.","questions":"Which phrase does PersonB and their family use to gently criticize each other?","answer":"Ganache"}
{"text":["And let's just say, it was a fishing expedition. It was financed by Trump's opponents in both parties. Some fishing expeditions do come back with fish. And if this one actually did and some of that finds its way into the hands of special independent prosecutor Bob Mueller's investigators, then the dossier might, in some sense, inform their questions about Russian interference because all of this was about Trump's ties to people in Russia.","Right. And those questions about Russian interference will also be front and center in the upcoming hearings that we mentioned for the tech giants - Facebook, Twitter and Google executives who are going to be before Congress over two days this coming week. What will they be grilled about?","You know, in recent days, we have learned a good deal more about how extensive the Russian involvement in social media was, particularly the number of ads running on Facebook and how they were targeted. And some of this was using some of the people in Facebook who work with advertisers - big advertisers - and who help you target exactly the people you're trying to reach.","So this might have been - it appears to have been one of the main ways in which these Russian elements were trying to put a big thumb on the scale in the 2016 election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Grill: to question someone intensively and aggressively.","questions":"What was the main way in which the Russian elements were trying to influence the 2016 election?","answer":"Involvement"}
{"text":["A tall building may become synonymous with a place, but it doesn't mean that it's born of that place. You can almost pick it up and put it in any city around the world and it would become synonymous with that city. And it denying thousands of years of vernacular architectural tradition, you know. . .","Yeah, yeah.",". . . to relate to environment and all these other things. So that's where the 95 percent figure, an arbitrary figure, comes from.","The Twin Towers in Abu Dhabi received the tall building innovation award. These buildings carry their own sunscreen, in a sense."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"You can almost pick it up and put it in any city around the world and it would become synonymous with that city.\" - This turn means that tall buildings are often designed in a similar way regardless of their location, and therefore lack a unique connection to the specific environment or culture of a place.","questions":"How are tall buildings often designed, regardless of their location?","answer":"Similar"}
{"text":["The site of the wreck of the Houston's been known for quite some time. Why just the official confirmation now?","Well, the Navy became concerned over the years that the wreck was being salvaged by trophy hunters and commercial concerns overseas. Recreational dive companies have been leading dives on the Houston as well as the Perth, for years. But they began to fear for the integrity of the wreck. And it is a war grave. It's also custody of the U. S.  Navy, even though it's been undersea for more than 70 years now. And so what they did was, they launched an official expedition to document the state of the wreck and the first step in that process was to authenticate the identity of the ship, and so that's what made headlines this week.","Captain Rooks received the Medal of Honor for what?","He led the Perth into battle on that night and was quickly fallen upon by a far superior Japanese naval squadron. They had several heavy cruisers, a whole bunch of destroyers and the Japanese were masters of the art of nighttime naval combat. They would demonstrate this time and again through the early months of the war."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Japanese were more skilled than the Perth in nighttime naval combat, which they would demonstrate in the early months of the war.","questions":"How did the Japanese demonstrate their superiority in nighttime naval combat during the early months of the war?","answer":"skill"}
{"text":["Well, we think that the individual insurance markets need to be stabilized. There needs to be certainty. Right now, the insurance companies are putting together their plans for rating the 2018 insurance products, and they have no certainty from Congress regarding the support for insurance premiums for lower income people. Without knowing those, they don't know how to price their policies, and they're going to price them very high. So the bit - that's the biggest thing that needs to be addressed right now.","Dr.  Gurman, I move to ask you a question, both as a physician with a practice and the head of the AMA, how much time do you have to spend on matters that have nothing to do with medicine?","Well, unfortunately, a lot. We know from doing detailed studies where we actually follow doctors and minute to minute with a stopwatch find out what they're doing. The doctors are spending less than half of their time actually taking care of patients. So it's a big problem.","And how would you reduce that bureaucracy, though?Because, you know, bureaucracies run on (laughter) run on a paper trail in a sense."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B: The speaker implies that reducing bureaucracy is not as simple as just getting rid of paperwork, as bureaucracies are inherently reliant on established procedures and processes.","questions":"What is the main concern of bureaucracy reduction according to the implied meaning in turn 3?","answer":"procedures"}
{"text":["We are. . .","We are - yeah.","There's something - does that bother you or that we're experimenting on ourselves?","Oh, a little bit, I guess, you know?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Oh, a little bit, I guess, you know?\" The literal meaning is that the speaker is acknowledging that they are bothered to some extent. However, the actual meaning could be interpreted as the speaker downplaying their concerns or trying to appear nonchalant about the situation.","questions":"How did the speaker seem to feel about the situation?","answer":"Nonchalant"}
{"text":["Hurricane Dorian is pounding the Carolinas. Parts of downtown Charleston are already flooded. It has weakened since it hit the Bahamas as a Category 5 storm. At least 20 people are confirmed dead there, and that number is expected to rise as recovery efforts are just beginning. Parts of the Abaco Islands in the Bahamas are destroyed.","Alex Cepero stayed in the Abacos town of Marsh Harbour, thinking he could ride out the storm with his two dogs, but Hurricane Dorian destroyed his home while he was still inside of it. And I want to warn listeners that this is a wrenching story. Alex, thank you for talking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","You're welcome.","First of all, are you OK?Were you injured or hurt during the storm?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The impact of Hurricane Dorian resulted in extensive damage and loss of life.","questions":"How did Hurricane Dorian affect the Carolinas?","answer":"Flooded"}
{"text":["(Unintelligible) exactly did some tests.","Marc, I hate to interrupt. . .","Yup.",". . . to say this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow with Marc.","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that B is interrupting A to introduce the radio program they are both on, \"SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR,\" and to announce their names. However, the implied meaning is that B is politely interrupting A to take over as the host of the radio program.","questions":"How did PersonB take over as the host of the radio program?","answer":"Host"}
{"text":["Yes. Certain pigments, for instance, fade. Certain pigments can become lighter or darker. You have to see it a little bit like in a hospital. You know, a patient goes in with a problem. There's a lot of different kinds of research done in order to make the proper diagnosis. And then there's a sort of a treatment plan presented. And then the actual operation may not be that extensive. I mean, that is actually the goal - to do as little as possible with the largest effect.","Operation Night Watch is going to be free for the public to see.","To follow, yeah - to follow.","Because there's going to be this glass chamber, people can follow along."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The public can view Operation Night Watch for free.","questions":"Which operation is free to view for the public?","answer":"OperationNightWatch"}
{"text":[". . . they don't mean. . .","Herring, (unintelligible).","Well, they don't mean exactly what you may think by that. Herrings have a whole separate system connected to the swim bladder where they're pushing air around and sometimes letting it loose. And this is how they rise and fall in the water. And so it's by letting the air loose that they apparently also communicate. And at the Ig Nobel ceremony, one of the teams, who's from the Sweden, told us how they got involved with this, and this turned out to be the best part of the story.","So there's these two Swedish marine biologists, and they study fish, porpoises, whatnot. And about 15 or 20 years ago, the Swedish prime minister, Carl Bildt, was sort of on the warpath, repeatedly for years, telling the Swedish public that they were being invaded by submarines from their big neighbor, from Russia. And he kept saying this and there wasn't really any proof. There was an incident, years before, that was a sort of an oddball thing, but he kept saying there are submarines, and he kept saying they're even coming into Stockholm harbor, into our capital. He had the navy, the Swedish navy, put microphones in the water in Stockholm harbor. And they came up with a recording with sounds like rapids, metallic tapping, and so they thought and the prime minister thought, OK, we've got proof. Prime minister's planning to get up in public and announce that the Russians are basically attacking us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker tells a story about a Swedish prime minister who believed that his country was being invaded by submarines from Russia. The prime minister put microphones in Stockholm harbor and recorded sounds that he thought were proof of the Russian invasion. However, the actual meaning of the recorded sounds was different from the literal meaning, as they were caused by something else entirely.","questions":"How did the Swedish prime minister plan to announce the Russian invasion?","answer":"invasion"}
{"text":["And the story is conveyed through the eyes of this young woman, this farmer's wife, who discovers it, actually, in a - she's kind of in an awkward situation. She's going somewhere where she's not supposed to be, and she sees it and she's not allowed to tell anyone. But she feels it's her personal burning bush. She takes it as a warning to go back.","I wanted to write it initially through her eyes so that you, too, would not know what you are seeing. But later. . .","If SCIENCE FRIDAY didn't spoil it.","Well, yeah. But you see what I mean?Because it is about perception and how we need to be - to understand what we're seeing before we can really see it, that's really key to understanding this whole issue of climate change and why we see or don't see what's right in front of us."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Climate change is hard to see because of how we perceive it.","questions":"Which issue is key to understanding climate change?","answer":"climate"}
{"text":["And there were a lot of things we did with George, always trying to recover the Pinta population of tortoises.","But nothing worked out, huh?","Nothing worked out. George was never very interested in any other tortoises. He was pretty much of a loner. And if you think about his life on Pinta, he spent probably the first half of his life alone on that island, and maybe by the time he'd gotten company with other tortoises, he just wasn't too into socializing much anymore.","Now, what made him unique genetically?Why is he the last of his kind?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Why is he the last of his kind?\" - The literal meaning of this question is asking for the reason behind George being the last of his species. The actual meaning is more complex, as the speaker is likely asking for an explanation of the genetic factors that led to the extinction of the Pinta tortoise population and George's unique genetic makeup.","questions":"What is the speaker asking for an explanation of?","answer":"Attempts"}
{"text":["I failed chemistry really disastrously. Kind of tellingly, my father wanted me to take it because he wanted me to be a doctor. And I really didn't want to be a doctor. I wanted to be a writer and an actor. You know, a lot of people don't know how to break into show business.","(Laughter) But failing chemistry is the way.","First way.","(Laughter) So what prompted you to pick up science journals and read them later on?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Failing chemistry is a hindrance to becoming a doctor","questions":"What was the subject that PersonB's father wanted them to take?","answer":"Chemistry"}
{"text":["Like, for example, in Denmark, they have these open sandwiches that they're very famous for. And they really say a lot about, you know, Denmark as a country, being a very rich agriculture region, and you see this on these sandwiches. You know, they're fully laden with a huge spectrum of different toppings, very sort of rich and opulent sandwiches that you can't even - you know, you have to eat them from a plate with knife and a fork, right?","Yeah.","And then if you go up to where I grew up, a sandwich there would probably be more of a, you know, a piece of flatbread with a layer of butter and a layer of cheese on it that you would eat standing up. And I think it's a very interesting thing, you know, those things that, you know, are kind of a broader concept exist in a big geographic region but that vary a lot depending on where you are.","Chef Magnus Nilsson of \"The Nordic Cookbook. \"Thank you, chef."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"a sandwich there would probably be more of a, you know, a piece of flatbread with a layer of butter and a layer of cheese on it\" - This turn means that the sandwiches in the region where the speaker grew up are simple and easy to eat on the go, not that they are literally only made with flatbread, butter, and cheese.","questions":"What would be the typical sandwich in the region where the speaker grew up?","answer":"Flatbread"}
{"text":["Credit's a basic input, just like fertilizer or fuel or labor. Farmers here need credit to be able to buy their fertilizer, number one, which is much more expensive than it used to be. Seeds, pesticides, everything - to have money to pay your employees every month. And so, when credit's delayed or not available, especially on fertilizer, it gets very complicated to be able to raise a crop. Nobody in modern agriculture can farm without credit.","And what's your credit situation like right now?","I have credit, but it was delayed. I've never had trouble getting credit here in Brazil. I've always paid my bills, and so credit's available for me. But this year, the credit promises were made, but then the credit wasn't going to arrive until it was too late to order the fertilizer and actually work out the logistics of receiving it. And so it's changed my plans a lot this year.","And timing is really essential for farmers. So, how is that going to play out there with your 2000 acres of soy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Farmers need credit to buy expensive inputs like fertilizer.","questions":"Which input do farmers need to buy that is much more expensive than it used to be?","answer":"fertilizer"}
{"text":["So, right then, your life changed. You quit your job. You made plans to leave your family for a year and go to China.","Well, yeah. My weight had gotten so out of control that I wasn't even working at that time, unable to work.","So, when you got there seven months ago, how much did you weigh?","I weighed approximately 646 pounds."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The turn \"your life changed\" in (1) is an idiomatic expression that means a significant event or series of events that dramatically altered the course of one's life. Its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning, which would be that the person's life physically changed.","questions":"Which expression in PersonA's response in turn 1 indicates that they were not working at that time?","answer":"Unable"}
{"text":["Thank you. How are you?","I'm pretty good. Thank you. You must be stuck like glue on this, but, you know, you've played in three World Cups, including one of the wins for the U. S.  team in 1999. How would you describe what it's like to be out there on that field in that final game?","It's exhilarating, to be honest with you. And it's really interesting for me to watch on TV because on the game days, I feel similar to how I used to feel when I played just because I really still feel a kinship and a connection to the current team, even though it's been many years since I played. But I feel we're all connected and inspired by each other.","Well, what are your thoughts on this current team?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : stuck like glue means to be attached to something, be it a particular issue or a person","questions":"What does \"stuck like glue\" mean?","answer":"Connected"}
{"text":["Well, for me it's almost anything that I'm sent and asked to click on in which somebody else is supposedly really embarrassing themselves. And I'm supposed to find this funny. I'm supposed to enjoy the spectacle. But it's just a physical response that I can't, you know. I clench sort of every muscle in my body and I can barely bring myself to watch it and then end up pressing stop. So, you know, examples would be the recording that was around this week of an employee of a cable company attempting to make a departing customer stay using all sorts of extraordinary arguments, I'm told. I'm told it was very embarrassing for the cable company employee. But I don't know because I can't bring myself to listen to it.","The guy who proposed marriage to a woman at the ballpark - you know about this one?","Oh, this is going to be a wedding proposal that is rejected in public, I think?","Yeah, that's it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn (4): The speaker is confirming that the proposal at the ballpark is likely to be a rejected one.","questions":"Which turn confirms the PersonA's assumption about the proposal at the ballpark?","answer":"Confirming"}
{"text":["That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid. As a kid, he was - he hung around all the time with African-American kids. Those were his playmates, even in Hyannis. He was - he, you know, Father Feeney - when Father Feeney said no salvation outside the Catholic Church, he railed against that, which was so extraordinary in that very Catholic family.","You know, Ralph Bunche - he insisted that that great African-American statesman get to speak to a integrated audience at UVA when he was in charge of the lecture series down there. There's all kinds of evidence of Bobby in the beginning being a liberal in the best sense of that word. And I think it just came more to life after Jack was gone and after the old man was out of action.","Will American voters these days - and donors and journalists, for that matter - let a public figure change in public the way Robert Kennedy did?","Well, I think the hardest thing for him - and to me, the sweetest part of the book - was his evolution on Joe McCarthy. There's no doubt that he loved the guy. It came through right to the end when he was driving in the car at National Airport. And Kathleen, his young daughter, said he was so stricken by the news that McCarthy had just drank himself to death at Bethesda Naval Hospital that he drove around the airport three times. He was just distraught."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) Will American voters these days - and donors and journalists, for that matter - let a public figure change in public the way Robert Kennedy did? ","questions":"How did Bobby's evolution on Joe McCarthy affect him emotionally?","answer":"evolution"}
{"text":["I think the best example I can give is Nelson Mandela, who's paid more of a price, who sacrificed more, he won, and then at a point, he says, now it is time for me to go on. He, if anyone, earned the right to say I am going to sit here and be the president of South Africa till I die. He said no, I've served my time. The fact that I spent 27 years in jail notwithstanding, I'm going to move on, and I think that that is why everyone respected him as a great man, because he did not put his own vanity above the cause.","Reverend Sharpton, great to talk to you.","Thank you, have a great day.","Reverend Al Sharpton is a civil rights activist and host of the syndicated radio talk show Keeping it Real. He is also the President of the National Action Network."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated. When a person looks at his watch","questions":"What did Reverend Sharpton do before mentioning the hint?","answer":"Reverend"}
{"text":["The regime does blame rebels for escalating this bout of violence. And, as you say, there's a lot at stake here. It's a place that's swollen with civilians. A lot of people who've fled the fighting elsewhere in the country have taken refuge here, and aid workers are saying it would be a catastrophe if a full war took hold here.","Oh, this is amazing. So this is where a lot of people who have fled violence arrived in huge numbers, thinking that this might be their one last safe. . .","Right.",". . . Space. And if there are that many civilians there - like, what do we know about these airstrikes so far?How badly are civilians being hit?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is a risk of a catastrophic situation if a full war breaks out in the area with civilians","questions":"How would you describe the potential outcome if a full war broke out in the area with civilians?","answer":"catastrophe"}
{"text":["The way I coped with these disasters was seeing myself as the hero of my own story and thinking oh, okay, in the story, the guy survives. He doesn't kill himself. He doesn't commit himself to a mental hospital. He actually survives and thrives and overcomes these obstacles.","And in addition to that, you've also had kidney problems, and you talk really frankly about just how much strength it took you to do really basic things because you were constantly dealing with your body rebelling against you.","Yeah, I'm going through that right now. I'm on the top of the list for a transplant now, and I don't really want a transplant right now because I'm doing all right. So at this point, I'm kind of bring it on. I'm just, you know, I can take it.","What about the good stuff?There are many good things in your life, and two of them are Eva and Chet(ph), your kids. What are they like?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.","questions":"Which turn in the conversation asks about the PersonA's children?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Spies try to protect America from its enemies, but does that mean spying on friends too?The steady drip of intelligence leaks from former NSA contractor Edward Snowden continues with the revelations that the National Security Agency tapped the mobile phone of German Chancellor Angela Merkel. The Guardian newspaper broke the story this week and also reported that the U. S.  spy agency intercepted 70 million phone calls and text messages in France. Now, the response from Germany and France has been swift, and as you might imagine, sharp. Laurent Fabius, the French foreign minister, called the spying shocking and unacceptable. He told Le Monde: We cooperate in the useful way in the fight against terrorism but that does not justify everything. P. J. Crowley is a former U. S.  assistant secretary of state for public affairs. He joins us in our studios. Thanks so much for being with us.","P. J. CROWLEY: Pleasure to be here, Scott.","Are Germany and France shocked, shocked like in Casablanca, or are they truly surprised?","There's scambling(ph) going on here, yes. I mean, Europeans have a different view of privacy than Americans do. So, I think there is a difference of attitude or perspective on this. That said, I don't think it should shock anyone that governments spy on each other.","Well, but these are allies."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"There's scrambling going on here\" - The speaker is not referring to actual physical scrambling. Instead, the speaker is using a figurative language to describe the reaction of the European countries to the news.","questions":"What is the speaker describing as \"scrambling\"?","answer":"Reaction"}
{"text":["Because they need to. They need to become the number two search-engine in the world. Google is number one. Microsoft's MSN's portal is a lame duck in the number three position. This would give them a better search-engine opportunity, which would increase the amount of online advertising dollars, which is where everyone is going and why this would make a lot of sense to do.","So are they going to take the offer, you think?","You know, I hope so. It would be nice to see. You know, I would like to see Yahoo stay independent, but I don't know. I mean, they're talking about a thousand layoffs, Farai. So if it can stop people from losing their job, I'm all for it.","All right. Well, Mario, thanks a lot."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker in turn (1) is not just explaining the reason why Microsoft needs to become the number two search-engine in the world, but also implying that acquiring Yahoo is the best way for them to achieve that goal. The speaker suggests that Microsoft's MSN's portal is not doing well in the number three position and acquiring Yahoo would give them a better search-engine opportunity, which would increase online advertising dollars. The speaker believes this acquisition would make a lot of sense to do.","questions":"What is the main reason for Microsoft to acquire Yahoo?","answer":"Search-engine"}
{"text":["And in the end, what has speech enabled us to do as a species?","It's enabled us to think up strategies to head off what you think might be about to happen, and the strategies depend upon memory. And speech is a fantastic memory device. There's absolutely nothing like it, and I think it's time for people who are interested in evolution to say that the theory of evolution applies only - only to animals.","Tom Wolfe - his book - \"The Kingdom Of Speech. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","My pleasure, thank you very, very much for having me, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Speech has enabled us to communicate more effectively and creatively, enabling us to come up with solutions and strategies to deal with situations.","questions":"How has speech benefited our species?","answer":"Strategies"}
{"text":["(Laughing) And the cover of the New York Post a couple days ago, \"Don't Let the Door Hit You. \"","Yeah. So sensitive is the New York Post. This was a guy whose first year, his nickname was the Man-genius, and that quickly came undone.","Devolved. OK, but what about Mike Shanahan of the Denver Broncos?I mean, he was there for 14 years. He won two Super Bowls. Why was he let go?","It's amazing. For about 10 years, you couldn't say the name Mike Shanahan without saying offensive genius. And I don't know if a lot of people thought that he lost the offensive genius, but there were circumstances to his firing. His team lost its last three games. If you end the season . 500, you know, with eight wins and eight loses, it's better to do it on an uptick than a downtick."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mike Shanahan was fired despite his past success due to recent poor performance.","questions":"How was Mike Shanahan's departure from the Denver Broncos explained?","answer":"Performance"}
{"text":["Work on voter registration, voter mobilization, education, coalition building, work together to help end the war in Iraq and Afghanistan. Reinvest in America. Convince young America that they really do have the power to change the course of the country. We must have a renewed and multiracial and multicultural coalition. These are the things that I've revolved my work around, and I intend to be pushing them real hard this summer and fall.","And do you think you'd go out on the stump with him if he wanted you to, or does he want you to?","Whatever proximity he wants. You know, he must make that decision, you know, as to who, you know, that campaign, you know, you have consultants, you have advisors, you have surrogates, you have supporters. I'm a strong supporter and have been so since before he announced, and I will continue supporting because I believe he represents the right side of history for all of America and really for the world.","Well, Reverend Jackson, thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is advocating for political activism and social justice","questions":"How is PersonA's advocacy characterized?","answer":"Activism"}
{"text":["If you're a minority professional and you grow up understanding that there will be expectations placed upon you that you have to overcome, the reality of it is, if you go into this thinking you can just be good you'll end up with a mediocre career. And so \"Good is Not Enough\" is really just a sounding call to minority professionals saying, hey, you know, we can be players at this level but we can't just play good, we have to excel.","Let's break down a few of the things you say matter. One is networking. Why so important?","Networking is so important because in this day and age a lot of the jobs, a lot of the opportunities that will come your way will not be through Monster, will not be through the want ads, it will be through networking. And so from a career perspective the opportunities will come your way from networking, but more importantly networking is a great opportunity to learn from others who have been down the road that you're trying to go. For example, if, I met a company right now - I'm at Pitney Bowes, and I love being there - but if I were to look at an opportunity at IBM, if I had a network that includes someone at IBM, I could actually call and get a better idea of what it is I'm stepping into, because corporate culture is just critical.","But how do you find someone who is a peer or a mentor at another company?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Networking is crucial for career opportunities and learning from others' experiences","questions":"What is a great opportunity to learn from others and can lead to career opportunities?","answer":"Networking."}
{"text":["Look, I think the president's actually been very clear about the things that he wants. He wants to address border security, he wants to deal with chain migration, and he wants to deal with the lottery. And he's certainly willing to provide legal status for DREAMers. So if those are your four principle points and they've been known for months, there ought to be a way to reach an agreement.","Border security means a wall?","It means border security. The president's acknowledged he's not talking about a wall from sea to shining sea. But it does require physical structures in a lot of places. Back in 2006, Congress actually voted for about twice the amount of physical barriers that we have today - so finishing that off, rebuilding parts of it. But again, as both General Kelly and the president acknowledged, we're not talking about a wall across the entire length of the border. But we are calling for much more intense border security.","Representative Tom Cole of Oklahoma, thanks for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is asking for clarification about what \"border security\" means, specifically if it means building a physical structure along the entire border.","questions":"How did PersonB seek clarification on what \"border security\" means?","answer":"clarification"}
{"text":["You know, we like to be considered a young couple.","We are a young couple.","But I don't know about role model and the word role model, but I like the word responsibility. And Gina and I do feel a tremendous amount of responsibility in terms of the images we project, and the fact that, hopefully - you know, we get letters all the time, and I think one of the nicest letters we received was from one of our fans that watched the show that said, you know, you gals have really enhanced my marriage. Me and my husband, we get in the kitchen, we cook, and we spend time together. And it's those types of testimonies that really motivate Gina and I, and make us feel real good about what we're doing.","All right. Now, I want you to make my taste buds jump. I am not in front of any of your food, but I want you to describe this dish that sounds so intriguing, barbequed spaghetti. What does that taste like?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : But I don't know about role model and the word role model, but I like the word responsibility. And Gina and I do feel a tremendous amount of responsibility in terms of the images we project, and the fact that, hopefully - you know, we get letters all the time, and I think one of the nicest letters we received was from one of our fans that watched the show that said, you know, you gals have really enhanced my marriage. Me and my husband, we get in the kitchen, we cook, and we spend time together. And it's those types of testimonies that really motivate Gina and I, and make us feel real good about what we're doing.  The phrase \"enhanced my marriage\" is a figurative expression that means the show has positively impacted the viewer's relationship with their partner.","questions":"Which phrase did the fan use to describe the impact the show had on their marriage?","answer":"Enhanced"}
{"text":["We do a lunch business. We are in the central business district of Cincinnati. And then we also do some progressively busier dinner period with the theaters at night.","Yeah. So, how is the lunch crowd now?","Well, the lunch crowd is down. We do have a lot of people who used to have business expenses that do not anymore, expense accounts. And downtown Cincinnati, I guess, has experienced its own economic shortfall with businesses moving out of town and what not. So, lunch has seemed to be down a little bit. I am part of a - it's called the Greater Cincinnati Independence of Independent Restaurant Owners - which is a dying breed, anyway - but we're all pretty lamenting the lack of business and just the current climate that we're trying survive in.","So, you are in your mid-40s, I think?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The restaurant industry is struggling due to economic hardships.","questions":"Which industry is facing economic hardships?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["One of the stories in the collection is called \"Missed Connection-m4w\" - men for women - and it begins sort of like a Craigslist post in missed connections and then evolves from there. And you actually first published this on Craigslist. Is that right?","Yeah. What the story is about is about this guy who can't work up the nerve to talk to this woman sitting on the same train car as him. And in fact, 60 years pass where they. . .","He also can't get up and leave.","He - yeah. Well, 'cause he's paralyzed by this idea of who this woman is even though he never actually talks to her. But - so I had the idea to write this fake missed connection and just post it anonymously on Craigslist."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The man never talks to the woman he likes for 60 years.","questions":"How long does the man fail to approach the woman he likes?","answer":"60."}
{"text":["It's good to be here, Tony.","You know, you've been getting pretty hot under the collar about this issue, I understand. Why is it such a concern for you?","It's a concern for me because it's a misunderstanding that a lot of ex-convicts have. If you have a felony it has been in the past that often states do restrict or disenfranchise those who have a felony conviction. Those laws have changed over the years, and now in most states it's no longer the case, or there are means by which you can get your civil rights back. But a lot of people - a lot of ex-convicts or felons that I knew that ended up in my court system simply rested on the false notion that they did not have the ability to vote. And that ended and that kept them from further embracing or engaging in the community, and kept them separate, and apart, and not where they needed to be.","Is it a situation where an ex-felon is allowed - is entitled to have his or her voting rights restored, but the process by which those voting rights are restored is so cumbersome that they either don't know about it or they don't go through it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The ex-convicts need to take an active role in the community and become more involved in order to get their civil rights back.","questions":"How did the false notion that ex-convicts cannot vote affect their engagement in the community?","answer":"Separate"}
{"text":["They have been evacuated. It tossed these trailer homes like tin cans. And there was one woman that said that she had turned in early and felt her bed bouncing. And she was evacuated and is staying elsewhere now.","The flooding - this is not restricted to just this small part of the state. This is the whole state of Oklahoma that's going through this. Is that right?","Yeah, 25% of the state has had at least 14 inches of water in the last 30 days. And if you look at towns in northeast Oklahoma like Skiatook - they've had 21 1\/2 inches, Nowata 23 inches. It's just crazy. And this is all coming to a head in Tulsa along the Arkansas River.","And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The flooding has affected the whole state of Oklahoma, not just a small part.","questions":"How much of Oklahoma has experienced at least 14 inches of water in the last 30 days?","answer":"25%"}
{"text":["Antivirus experts are calling Flame one of the most complex threats ever discovered. Once a machine is infected, the operator of the malware can expand its functionality almost like adding apps to a smartphone. Its operators sent out another app with orders to erase it this week, leaving no tracks behind.","Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?","Well, different from the average run-of-the-mill malware that criminals use?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"What makes Flame different?\" - The literal meaning is a straightforward question about the characteristics of the Flame malware. The implied meaning is that the experts have identified Flame as a unique and potentially dangerous threat, and they want to know more about it.","questions":"Which malware is being compared to Stuxnet?","answer":"Flame"}
{"text":["Yes, yes indeed, yeah.","Where are they now?","They're blue-collar, and many of them remain Democrats, although when the national election comes, many of them outside of Allegheny County do start voting Republican. Part of the reason is that this is an older state, and for pensioners, unless the economy is really going haywire and frightening them about the condition of their pensions and the future of their Social Security, they are going to worry less about breadbasket issues than they're going to worry about the social flashpoint issues.","And out here, Democrats, and we're talking about liberals, Democrats are pro-Second Amendment. They're pro-life. They are very religious. They're socially conservative. Gay marriage simply confounds them as a theory. In other words, we're talking about a place where the liberals have guns.","And so, where are those liberals going?Are they going to Obama or McCain?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Liberals in this place have socially conservative views.","questions":"Which political issue do the liberals in this place find confusing?","answer":"Gays"}
{"text":["How do you perceive yourself at this point as a business woman, not just a comedienne?Because you used to be an Algebra teacher, you were also a small business owner. I'm sure that there is a whole industry behind what you do, having to deal with your bookings, et cetera. How do you deal with that part of it?","Well, knowledge is the key. I have a degree in Business Administration's, minor in Mathematics. And, unlike most comediennes, I was a business person before I got into this field. I am very aware of my bookings, I'm very aware of my accounting. I'm very aware of how to write jokes. So, it doesn't make it easier but knowledge helps it - helps me understand a lot of different things. So even like times now when we're in a recession, when the country is in a recession, and people aren't coming out to the shows as often the way they used to come - the audiences aren't packed - I, because I understand business, know that, OK, I'll move to smaller venues, I'll come in with a cheaper ticket. But I will still work as an artist. And as an artist, overall, you really want to work.","What makes you laugh?","What makes me laugh - kids make me laugh, and old people make me laugh."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A implies that her knowledge of business helps her manage the financial aspects of her career as a comedienne.","questions":"Which aspect of her career does PersonA say her knowledge of business helps her manage?","answer":"Accounting"}
{"text":["Good to be with you.","This last Republican debate may have been the most contentious, at least between the candidates and the questioners. What do you see as the immediate fallout?","Immediate fallout would be Jeb Bush's problem. He needed a revival, and he wound up looking worse than he had in the first two debates and out on the stump as well. The memorable punches in these debates tend to be counter punches. And Bush went after his one-time protege, Marco Rubio, and Rubio came back smart, fast, tough and got a highlight moment out of it, just one of several for Rubio, by the way.","Now, at the same time, nobody's cast a single vote yet. Jeb Bush is sitting on a lot of money, and, of course, he has a name that's instantly recognizable. Is there really talk that this could be the end of his candidacy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Immediate fallout would be Jeb Bush's problem. He needed a revival, and he wound up looking worse than he had in the first two debates and out on the stump as well. The memorable punches in these debates tend to be counter punches. And Bush went after his one-time protege, Marco Rubio, and Rubio came back smart, fast, tough and got a highlight moment out of it, just one of several for Rubio, by the way.\"  Here, the speaker is discussing the consequences or negative outcomes for Jeb Bush after the debate. The implied meaning is that Jeb Bush's performance in the debate was disappointing or damaging for his campaign. The speaker highlights that memorable moments in debates usually involve counter-attacks or responses, and in this case, Jeb Bush targeted Marco Rubio, but Rubio responded effectively and gained a notable moment. The implied meaning goes beyond a literal description of the events and emphasizes the impact on Jeb Bush's candidacy.","questions":"What was the name of Jeb Bush's one-time protege that he went after during the debate?","answer":"Marco"}
{"text":["That's right. Even as he says he's open to talking with China, the president has left in place this latest round of tariffs, and the tariff rate is still 15%. That's up from 10% when the tax was initially announced.","Trump is also threatening to raise the tariff rate on another $250 billion worth of Chinese imports that are already being taxed at 25%. Trump wants to raise that to 30% on October 1 unless there's some kind of deal between now and then. U. S.  and Chinese negotiators are supposed to meet here in Washington sometime this month in September, but we haven't seen a real date yet.","How is all this affecting businesses, consumers?","Consumers are still spending pretty freely. We got new numbers from the Commerce Department on Friday showing consumer spending grew at a solid pace in July. And that's encouraging because consumer spending has been the most durable pillar propping up the economy."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Spending is not an actual pillar but the strongest part of the economy.","questions":"How has consumer spending been supporting the economy?","answer":"Pillar"}
{"text":["Yeah, unfortunately, yeah.","Oh, so it's not that laughing at your jokes will make you smart and attractive.","Well, it probably - if you try it probably would help over time. It'll take years, but yeah, it's a limited market kind of book - a niche market.","Well, let me go through some of these cartoons to give people an idea of what we're talking - one early on (laughter) a doctor sitting with a patient in the hospital and he has a ventriloquist dummy on his knee. And he says, I'm afraid Mr.  Bickles has some bad news."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that the book has potential benefits over time, but it may not have widespread appeal and may only appeal to a small or specific audience.","questions":"What does the book's limited market suggest?","answer":"book's"}
{"text":["And, of course, this gourmet chef has, as his confidant, food critic, and food taster, his cat named Apollo. So as you can expect, everything goes wrong that day. The question is, can everything be put right?","And we'll leave it with that because, I mean, there's such a lovely surprise at the end that we should let people get to on their own. So Steinbeck - did he write a lot of short stories as well?","He wrote a good number of short stories, but this is one of the few that has some very fine, comic elements to it. When I was reading it, I was thinking to myself, is this John Steinbeck?I mean, nobody's dead; nobody's crying. There was some crying in this story, but a lot of it just was very funny. And he just manages to take a very simple theme and, with great turns of phrase, fantastic prose, turn it into something that - when I read it, I said to myself, this is a little gem. And I was just so, so excited to be reading this.","Yeah, I feel like it was - if someone suggested the topic, no other writer could have made it just shine and come to life in this really cool way."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : be put right means that something should be made correct, or something should be corrected","questions":"How does PersonA describe the theme of the short story by John Steinbeck?","answer":"Funny"}
{"text":["It sounds good. But obviously, I just think it's important to point out, like, do not put your raw stuff. . .","Definitely.",". . . In the same container, if I could say that, like, super-loud.","When you marinate after grilling, you actually make a marinade that doesn't touch any of the raw fish or meat.","Got it. OK.  What about people who don't eat meat?There are a lot of people who really are trying to move more toward a plant-based diet. How do you manage that on the grill if you have limited grill space?Because, I mean, it depends on why you're not eating meat. I mean, if you're not eating meat because you have strong ideological reasons, you don't necessarily want that touching. How could you manage that?And what are some things that you should consider for the non-meat eaters?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's important to emphasize not to put raw food in the same container","questions":"Which turn mentions the importance of separating raw food from each other?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["So this prosecution brings together a lot of theories that are very sexist that would justify massive control of pregnant women on grounds that they owe a duty to their fetuses to behave in certain ways and that - and ultimately make pregnant people vulnerable to prosecution for just about any kind of conduct that can be deemed risky.","Marshae Jones is African American. What is the relevance of race in your view?","Racism is what caused the notion that using drugs during pregnancy, which is a health problem, could be turned into a crime to prosecute pregnant women and mothers. We can trace that to the so-called crack epidemic at the end of the 1980s, early 1990s. And the first women who were prosecuted were black women who smoked crack cocaine during pregnancy.","And the vast majority of women who were prosecuted among hundreds of women were black women, even though there is evidence that drug use during pregnancy is not more likely to happen in any particular racial group or economic group. And so this was clear targeting of black women, which I believe is part of a long history of devaluing black motherhood in particular and also a result of discriminatory behavior in hospitals, where hospitals were much more likely to turn in black patients for using drugs during pregnancy than white patients."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The prosecution's theories are sexist and target pregnant women, particularly black women","questions":"Which group of women were more likely to be prosecuted for drug use during pregnancy according to the evidence mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"black"}
{"text":["And for some young women in those societies, it was that just order. Those kind of dashed hopes were exploited. And part of the appeal of ISIS, I think, in those early days in countries like Tunisia and for girls like Nour, was that there was no other way to be politically active, to be a feminist of any kind. It was the only door that was open.","I was about to mention the story of Nour. She was a high school dropout from Tunisia. And you make the point in the book that she was sort of rebelling against a secular state. And it was her way of expressing her female identity.","Exactly. So Nour grew up in a Tunisia that was highly authoritarian but secular. So Nour was religious. She wanted to cover her hair. She went to school wearing a headscarf. And she was thrown out of high school for that because the headscarf was banned in public spaces like that in Tunisia before the 2011 uprisings.","You described this shocking scene where she's actually attacked by her teacher."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It's not a door but an opportunity that becomes available to them.","questions":"How was ISIS seen by some young women in countries like Tunisia?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["It did. There's no doubt that people said, look, it's kind of like the Oklahoma land rush. We're going to rush out over the human genome, stake our claims, have patent protection. It gives us an incentive to go out there and look through the vast number of genes that make up us and figure out whether we can find disease correlations and so on. That said, that was kind of the old model, Scott. The newer way to go at this is to change those genes - try to insert a gene, alter a gene.","This is the synthetic material.","That's the synthetic side. And that's where the action is now. It's not, you know, the companies that were out there doing what I'm calling the turf grabs across the genome, in a way I think their work is over and the action is going to be on the synthetic side.","Which I think to repeat - what we said when introducing you - that's legally fine, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The companies were not grabbing turf but claiming things as their own.","questions":"What were the companies doing across the genome?","answer":"Across"}
{"text":["How do you bring to life the world three centuries ago?","I did a lot of research for this novel. I like to say that my research was wide, but shallow. I read a little bit of a lot of books, and a book that really helped me was \"The Door Of No Return\" by William St.  Clair. He took a bunch of archival research about the Cape Coast Castle, so it's a book that really just talks about what life might have been like in the castle in and around the 18th century. And it really helped me wrap my head around what it might have been like for my characters. And then the rest, I think, is just a wild and vivid imagination.","Yeah. And it must be said you don't - you don't spare African slave traders from villany, do you?","I don't. I think, you know, I grew up here in Alabama. And the conversation around slavery is much different here than it is in Ghana. So I think I was a little bit more aware of it or aware, I suppose, of the result of it than the people living on the coast of West Africa who didn't get to see, you know, what the results of the slave trade was. And yet they have this huge monument in Ghana to slavery - this Cape Coast Castle that still stands, that you can still take tours in. I wanted to talk about the Ghanaen role in it - the complicity on our side of things."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"Do you don't - you don't spare African slave traders from villany, do you?\" - This turn means: Do you not show mercy or kindness to African slave traders in your novel?","questions":"What book helped the speaker understand what life might have been like for the characters in the novel?","answer":"The-Door-Of-No-Return"}
{"text":["Exactly.","OK.  Go on. So after two weeks, what happens?","Well, she defies the ban. And as she was docking in the port, the ship rammed a small police boat that was blocking her - caused some damage, but no injuries. But she was arrested, and she was charged with what prosecutors actually claim was an act of war. Rackete also faces charge of abetting illegal immigration, and the NGO could face a fine of up to $57,000.","What does she say - the captain?Does she say, I was just - I needed to dock the ship?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"could face\" a fine of up to $57,000 implies could be presented with a fine of up to $57,000","questions":"How much is the maximum possible fine that the NGO could face?","answer":"$57,000"}
{"text":["I wouldn't say a list of specific charges but some general charges. So the one that is the most specific is the claim that in 1996 she went on a spy mission to China to Guangxi province and, you know, spied for the FBI. And, I mean, there's a number of issues with that. I mean, one of them is that I have all kinds of evidence that Sandy did not go to China in 1996. I have the evidence of her passport. I have the evidence of her paystubs.","I mean, she was a full-time employee of the Houston Police Department as a secretary, a clerk typist, when she allegedly was doing the spy work. The paystubs show that she'd taken 11 hours off during the time in question. I've also got a newspaper article that she appeared in. So, I mean, we have a fair amount of evidence that shows that she was not in China in 1996.","Why would the Chinese government be interested in putting your wife in prison if there wasn't something that made them suspicious?","So this is not the police that investigate regular crimes. This is the, you know, China Ministry of State Security. This is a bunch of spies. They don't trust anybody. And in point of fact, I mean, they look at people involved in nonprofit work like my wife with a great deal of suspicion. And the fact of the matter is the state security has sent a number of people to the U. S.  to spy, and the FBI has been catching these people. And I am sure that the Ministry of State Security is just not very happy about that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the implied meaning is that the Chinese Ministry of State Security is trying to take revenge for the U.S. FBI catching their spies in the U.S.","questions":"What is the reason behind the Chinese government's suspicion towards people involved in nonprofit work?","answer":"Suspicion"}
{"text":["The Fed's dual mission is always the same - to control inflation and encourage full employment. Now, right now, the numbers say that the Fed's done a pretty good job tapping the accelerator and tapping the brake when they've seen fit. But it is not their job to make sure that the president looks good. And so that's a source of real conflict between these institutions.","As we noted, the president has arrived in France for the G-7 meeting. He seems to also be using the occasion to get closer to Russia once more.","And apparently proposing that Russia be brought back into the group, an idea that's already been rejected today by the European Council president. This is one way that Trump uses Vladimir Putin and that relationship to perhaps pressure some of our allies more toward his positions. But it's also at least potentially a way in which Putin can use Trump to weaken the European alliance and advance his own agenda.","Ron, there has been so much violence and death this summer. And we know opinion polls show the American public broadly supports, for example, red flag laws in hopes of averting mass shootings. Congress seems to differ with the American public when it comes to trying to control access to guns."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"tapping the accelerator and tapping the brake\" refers to the rate at which inflation is increased within this context.","questions":"What is the Fed's dual mission?","answer":"Inflation"}
{"text":["Well, I was abused by a priest when I was a child. And it caused me a great deal of difficulty with my life afterwards. I had a lot of problems with anxiety and depression.","How old were you when it happened?","I had just turned 13. I was in a children's hospital. And the priest who assaulted me was the Catholic chaplain of the hospital. And he also took indecent photographs, which had a lasting effect on me.","You were one of two sexual abuse survivors on the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors. Yet you resigned March 1. Can you tell us why?","I did because I accepted the appointment to the commission in the hope that the church was really beginning to show, you know, a sincere wish to change. And after three years, I resigned on some specific issues. But, basically, it was the resistance from some quarters in the Vatican to actually change.","Does it surprise you that someone as high up as Cardinal Pell has been accused?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"indecent photographs\" - This phrase refers to sexually explicit photographs, rather than simply inappropriate or offensive photographs.","questions":"Which type of photographs was the priest taking?","answer":"explicit"}
{"text":["A lot of destruction, complete devastation - the poultry barns, for example, some of those barns are completely gone. Where the hardest wind gusts hit, it was like Godzilla came and just pulled everything up from the ground. With the banana plantations, you know, you can see when the weakest palm trees fell and broke - when they started feeling the winds because they're leaning one way. And then when the hurricane changed direction, then you see the other one's going to the other side and broken. So you can see the power (laughter) that the hurricane had.","What are we looking at in terms of how quickly they can start working again?","It will depend on the crop. For example, the coffee growers - the arabica bean coffee was being harvested right now. So they're working hard to collect from the ground whatever's left so they can sell it in the market. So we're giving them working capital to be able to pay their payroll, and then we'll start planning for next year's harvesting because it's a one-year crop. On the other end, some of the papaya plantations - growers, they also have bananas and plantains. They have younger trees. So if they cut down the banana trees, in eight, nine months they'll be able to get on their feet.","What does this mean for Puerto Ricans and their access to food?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The hurricane caused severe destruction and devastation in the area.","questions":"Which natural disaster caused the damage described in the dialogue?","answer":"Hurricane"}
{"text":["Because banks are saying no, we can't do it?","Banks find the credit cards more profitable than traditional bank loans. Frequently they are able to charge, you know, much higher interest rates. Their interest rates are much more volatile. They can go from a 12 percent rate to a 30 percent rate because of any number of factors that may or may not be beyond the control of consumers and small business owners. You don't get charged for their percent on traditional bank loans.","So, are you getting calls from your membership and are they agitated?What are they saying to you?","I wouldn't say we've been getting a whole lot of calls right now. Mostly because I think - like I said, a lot of small business owners aren't quite sure what to think of the financial bailout. Also, a lot are hunkering down, trying to just weather the storm. And they're focused more on trying to run their business and, you know, make some sort of margin of profit with soaring energy costs and rising health care costs. And now all of this volatility, so they're just trying to, you know, weather through."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Small business owners are struggling to survive amidst rising costs and market volatility.","questions":"How are small business owners coping?","answer":"Weathering"}
{"text":["Well, actually, we - there's three records on the chart, the chart of this year. Within the top of 30, you have Flo Rida, and then there - a couple of other songs that were charting this year were Alicia Keys and one by Timbaland with \"One Republic. \"","So, you know, in the - if you look at the top ten, one thing I'm happy about in terms of grading on the curve, if you look at the top ten, every decade that this chart has touched, is represented here. We have one from the 50s, and we also have the '60s, '70s, '80s, and '90s, and this decade represented.","But yeah, there's ample representation of recent hits here. One from this decade in the top 10 being by Mariah Carey, \"We Belong Together. \"","All right, what is changing about the music game with digital distribution?Does it affect how people buy singles, and what might be on the top 100 in the next 50 years?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is referring to the top 30 songs on the chart, not just three.","questions":"Which number is mentioned in turn 2 as a top 10 hit from this decade?","answer":"Top"}
{"text":["Well, that would be an interesting question. Right now, we make a decision. We say we're going to harden particular targets to make them difficult for terrorists to attack. So yes, terrorists do act rationally and choose another target - they choose a less hardened target. The question is whether it could respond very rapidly to changing information.","Large terror attacks take a lot of work and a lot of planning. And if the market predicted a high probability of an attack in a particular place, it's not as though it's a trivial matter for a terror group to suddenly switch all of its resources to another place. I'm not suggesting this would work. It would be a tool that would be used alongside other tools. And I'm just suggesting an experiment to see if it can improve the accuracy of intelligence forecast.","And what do you say to those people who say - my God, this is hideous?It's blood money.","It is hideous in a sense. It is. There's no question. I share the revulsion of people who say - but people shouldn't profit from this. On the other hand, if allowing people to profit from this, from making these predictions, improved our ability to predict, then it might be something worth trying because of the lives it would save on the other side."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) A: Large terror attacks take a lot of work and a lot of planning. And if the market predicted a high probability of an attack in a particular place, it's not as though it's a trivial matter for a terror group to suddenly switch all of its resources to another place. I'm not suggesting this would work. It would be a tool that would be used alongside other tools. And I'm just suggesting an experiment to see if it can improve the accuracy of intelligence forecast.","questions":"What does PersonA suggest as a tool to improve the accuracy of intelligence forecast?","answer":"Experiment"}
{"text":["Oh, no. There was a rally last week, but it was a - that was a buffoon bus. And it was a - it was a freak show, to be honest with you. I mean, it really was bizarre. I mean, it was a bunch of people from out of town in a bus, you know, yelling and screaming. I mean, it really was not much of anything, but. . .","I just want to interject. They may not share that characterization, but go ahead please, sir.","Yeah, I'm sure they don't, but it's accurate (laughter). But I really had no serious challenge from the left or the right. My re-election prospects looked quite good, actually. Most of my colleagues have multiple opponents. You know, I had just one who announced in the right, and I had one who announced from the left, but neither of whom are particularly viable.","Why leave when, arguably, your voice - it's more important than ever that you be heard?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - This turn implies that the speaker does not agree with the characterization of the rally and is interjecting to remind the other speaker that the participants in the rally may not share the same opinion. ","questions":"Which turn suggests that the speaker is considering not leaving because their voice is crucial?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["Well, so certainly President-elect Trump has issued a few statements on cybersecurity, including a campaign platform. Those are pretty thin on details. And some of his statements - it's been difficult to understand whether or not he - how literally to take those particular recommendations. Of his national security hires that have been announced at this point, none are known for having particularly strong cybersecurity backgrounds. So as we see more and more people coming into the administration, we might be able to start getting a sense of what exactly this administration's cybersecurity policy might look like.","Surely when you become the administration, you have a vested interest in national cybersecurity that maybe you lacked before, don't you?","Absolutely. I think while many of his statements during the campaign did not necessarily evince well-developed policy thoughts - he's going to have to come up with more specific ideas. One thing that Donald Trump might run up against is the existence of current laws. So, for example, he's indicated a number of times that he intends to transfer a lot of the cybersecurity mission to the Department of Defense to come up with a plan for defending critical infrastructure. And there are potentially rather serious consequences to sort of the militarization of civilian cyber defense. I think that they might find themselves coming up against an existing framework that doesn't necessarily square with the broad instinct towards wanting to turn towards the military to solve this problem.","I thought the Obama administration was pretty clear in saying, after they asserted that Russian attempts to meddle in the elections had been ongoing, that the United States was going to reply in kind. Can we assume those efforts are going on now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : asking if the US is responding to Russia's attempts to meddle in the elections \"in kind\".","questions":"Which turn mentions a potential issue with the militarization of civilian cyber defense?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["So it's sort of the end of era, then, for all of us who have seen him and visited the Galapagos and got to watch him poke around a little bit. It's sort of the end of an era.","It is definitely the end of an era, and everyone down here on last Sunday, when we got the news, it was a very difficult time for all of us both for the individual Lonesome George and for the fact that we lost this subspecies forever.","It also was an interesting thing here because it kind of reinforced the importance of the work we do and the future and trying to ensure that no other species or subspecies are lost in Galapagos. And the timing itself is interesting, as we have an international workshop planned for next week that is convened by the Galapagos National Park and part-organized by Galapagos Conservancy to discuss the tortoise situation on all of the islands and look at the next 10 years of research and management leading to better tortoise population restoration throughout the archipelago.","Have you been able to restore the populations to any extent?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"it kind of reinforced the importance of the work we do and the future and trying to ensure that no other species or subspecies are lost in Galapagos.\" This turn has a metaphorical meaning. It means that the death of Lonesome George highlighted the significance of preserving endangered species and preventing their extinction.","questions":"What did the death of Lonesome George reinforce?","answer":"Preservation"}
{"text":["Hi, Lulu. Thanks for having me.","So Bashar al-Assad, the president, it seems has prevailed with Russian and Iranian support. Only one major rebel area remains. Has he won?","Well, it depends how you define victory. He has, for the moment, won the right to stay. And it does seem like the world, in many ways, wants to sort of normalize his presence. But I think it's pretty clear that it's not a victory of any real kind.","And the damage that has been done and that has been wrought does not appear to be facing any kind of true reconciliation or any kind of true reckoning. There's a lack of justice. There's a lack of accountability. And there's the presence of an incredible amount of impunity.","Well, take me into Syria. What are people feeling there now after these eight long years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person was not had, but was invited for the interview.","questions":"Which word describes how the person was invited for the interview in turn 0?","answer":"Invited"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And that's on the left and on the right. You have your most liberal members of the House and Senate and your most conservative members of the House and Senate essentially joining hands coming 360 on this thing and saying we're all the populists here. We're not the centrists. We're not the establishment. We're speaking for the angry little guy. And there's some irony in that perhaps, and some discomfort when, you know, you look over and see who you're in bed with on this thing. But politics makes that kind of bed fellows, and we're certainly seeing it in this particular context.","Ron, we only have a few seconds left, but both Senators Barack Obama and John McCain voted for the provision. Is that good enough cover for them I guess during the campaign?","Well, it certainly makes it less of a presidential issue, and that had been a big problem, frankly, in the politics of it last week. Once you inject the White House contest into this, everything kind of tends to blow up.","That was NPR's senior Washington editor Ron Elving. He joined me from our headquarters in Washington, D. C."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implication is that the Presidential contest will make a difference to this issue but that it is not literally going to be injected. ","questions":"How will the Presidential contest affect the issue?","answer":"Less"}
{"text":["Sure, you don't want the whole - that to be the second sentence of every every paragraph about you.","O'CONNELL: Yeah, Billie Eilish, who has Tourette's syndrome. . .","Right, which since I announced it, which I only announced it because I was, like, this needs to be cleared up. And of course, I said in that thing that I don't want it to define me or be who I am or whatever. And of course now, it's everything everybody talks about all the time. So it's great. And people keep asking about me about it in interviews.","O'CONNELL: (Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) implies that the speaker is annoyed that the announcement about their Tourette's syndrome has become the focus of attention, even though they had only announced it in order to clear things up.","questions":"What is the reason for the PersonA's annoyance in turn 3?","answer":"Focus"}
{"text":["That's an essential mineral.","That's a big left turn for me. OK.","So we're going to - just a little pinch in there. I think that's nice. And then a little ice. And then we'll give it a little shaky-shake (ph), and then I'll pour you a drink here.","It's very pretty."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4), the speaker is commenting on something that is described as \"very pretty.\" The literal meaning of the turn is that the speaker finds the thing being referred to visually attractive. However, the implied meaning of the turn is unclear and could depend on the context of the conversation. The turn could be a sincere expression of admiration, or it could be a polite or perfunctory comment that does not reflect the speaker's true feelings. Alternatively, the turn could be sarcastic or ironic, indicating that the speaker does not actually find the thing being referred to as attractive as it may seem.","questions":"How did the speaker describe the thing being referred to in turn 3?","answer":"Very"}
{"text":["If you stand outside the old DeKalb County Courthouse in Decatur, Ga. , you can't miss the 30-foot-tall obelisk erected there in 1908. It's a monument to Confederate soldiers, and its inscription calls those men part of a, quote, \"covenant keeping race,\" praising them as men of virtues in peace and in war.","Well, as of this month, there's now a contextualizing plaque alongside that obelisk. It reads, in part, this monument and similar ones were created to intimidate African Americans and limit their full participation in the social and political life of their communities. That marker was approved by vote of the DeKalb County Board of Commissioners. And county Commissioner Lorraine Cochran-Johnson joins us to talk about that decision.","Welcome to the program.","Thanks so much, Melissa. I am happy to be here.","The original vote by the county commission was to remove that Confederate obelisk, but ultimately, that ran up against a state law in Georgia. What does that state law say?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : You may not actually want to be here.","questions":"Which turn implies that the speaker is questioning the willingness of the guest to participate?","answer":"Welcome"}
{"text":["So let's note this is the beginning of the idea of America going out into the world to make the world a better place by force when that seems to make sense to Americans. But there's also the identity of the individuals themselves. What did the personnel of the Rough Riders suggest to Americans about who America was?","Well, this is one of the ironies because one of the things that Roosevelt talked about and one of the things that he valued about the Rough Riders was this was not just his idea about American masculinity but also what in his mind was diversity, but within a very narrowly prescribed idea about what diversity was. They were all white. There were a few Native Americans who were in it. But there were - you know, there were no African Americans. There were there a couple of Hispanics.","But it was this idea of, well, that's what America is. And it was a very prescribed, very male, very white identity. And it linked up with, you know, I think a very chauvinistic idea about what we do with our military. I think this is all intertwined.","What do you mean about what we do with our military?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : America thought it could make the world better by force","questions":"Which idea did Roosevelt value about the Rough Riders?","answer":"Diversity"}
{"text":["(Singing) I've got a question When you open your eyes And you see the Sunrise Are you strengthened?","'Cause the tear in your eye Is like a sad song Or a sweet lullaby Like the birds in the sky","Is it alright?Where has the love gone?Hold on. So I left my worries in the sand","Let's talk through some of the songs on your album. You're working with Victor Redwood Sawyerr."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The tear in your eye is not a literal tear, but a metaphor for sadness or emotions","questions":"What is the tear in your eye compared to?","answer":"song"}
{"text":["Oh, I'm glad to be here.","So what's wrong with the research that said he had a special brain?","A couple of things. One is what we call confirmation bias, and that's basically saying what we all know - that if you really want to find something, if you look for it long enough, you will. So, for example, in the papers that claim the external shape of Einstein's brain was different. They start out with a fairly vague notion of what his cognitive specialties were and then go poking around in his brain until they find something - anything that sort of conforms to their previous expectations.","Was part of the problem that they knew it was Einstein's brain, and therefore they were predisposed to see things?","Exactly right, exactly right. It's rather like seeing faces or shapes in clouds. Those shapes really aren't in the clouds. They're in your mind.","Forgive me - what amounts to a philosophical question - why have we been fascinated by Einstein's brain matter over the years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Those shapes really aren't in the clouds. They're in your mind.\" - The literal meaning is that the shapes seen in clouds are not physically present in them but are perceived by the viewer's mind. The actual meaning is that people may project their own interpretations onto ambiguous stimuli, such as cloud formations, and see patterns or images that are not objectively there.","questions":"How can cognitive specialties affect the research on Einstein's brain?","answer":"Confirmation"}
{"text":["Africa is a continent wanting to change something. You know, everybody have to think what to do to give best future for the Africa, give hope to the young in Africa. And African young can have hope in Africa and make something in Africa and believe in Africa.","You've seen so much of the world. But why don't you take us to your childhood in Mali. And it's a country I've always wanted to visit. I've never been there, but I love the musical traditions and the long history of it being a nation with a lot of learning. What was it like for you growing up, and when did you start playing music?","I grew up in Mali, normally, like, with mother and father, you know what I mean, a lot of brothers and sisters. We are all together in the same house and is a great time, because is really happiness and very hot. Hot relationship and then a lot of good grand, grand ambience.","Well, let me jump in and ask you, when did you start playing music?What did you start playing and how old were you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is implying that he had a very happy and loving family life while growing up in Mali.","questions":"Which aspect of the PersonA's childhood in Mali is emphasized in turn 2?","answer":"Family"}
{"text":["Well, the information we're getting, as you said, comes from the UAW. Specifically, it comes from UAW Vice President Terry Dittes, who's been offering up some occasional updates to UAW members. And on Friday, Terry Dittes sent out a letter saying they had made good progress in the talks, and that was a great sign. You know, the strike has dragged on for three weeks, going on the fourth week now. And this was one of the first signs that there had been progress.","But by Sunday, that had completely changed, and Terry Dittes said this time that, in fact, they had taken a step back, and the union could not be more disappointed in GM, and what he explained happened was that there was an offer on the table. UAW responded, made its counter offer, taking into account a bunch of things. And what Terry Dittes said is, on Sunday morning, when GM responded to that latest offer, GM basically didn't respond at all. It just reiterated its previous offer and didn't address anything that the UAW had brought up.","So they seem to be at a stalemate. It seems like things are not going well right now.","OK. So we have the union's version, maybe a little bit less from GM's side. But in any case, no doubt that they don't have a deal and people are still on strike. So what have you seen and heard when you go out and talk to workers?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The talks had gotten worse as they were returning to what they had spoken of before. Offers were made and rejected. The table is just a metaphor for the two sides talking to one another.","questions":"Which side made an offer that GM did not respond to?","answer":"UAW"}
{"text":["No, I was never asked. But I did offer in a made-for-TV. No, just kidding (laughter).","Even if you're not helping to prepare Hillary Clinton for the debate, would you give her any advice on how to - if I might put it this way - provoke Donald Trump?","Oh yeah, that's easy. Yeah, I mean, look, Donald Trump has got unlimited number of insecurities. But the No. 1 one thing, I would say, is his insecurity with his intellect. There's a reason why he always refers to where he went to college and, you know, that I'm a smart person.","You know, it may be narcissism. But I think it really reflects an insecurity. And if I was in a debate against him, I wouldn't do it all the time. But I'd pick my spots just to smile and shake my head, you know, and make sure he sees it because that will drive him nuts because it'll be just a passive-aggressive way to question his intellect."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Indicates that the speaker would use passive-aggressive tactics to undermine Donald Trump's confidence.","questions":"What tactic would the speaker use to question Donald Trump's intellect?","answer":"Passive-aggressive"}
{"text":["No problem.","Aren't the British the original soccer hooligans?","Yeah, exactly. And the Russian fans rioting in France right now, for them the inspiration was the English football hooligan scene of the 1970s, '80s and '90s even. They see England as a spiritual home of football hooliganism, as it were.","How does football hooliganism wind up being a source of inspiration?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This statement implies that the reason behind the Russian fans involvement in the riot in France was the disruption of the Soccer game by the British fans.","questions":"How did the Russian fans get inspired for the riot in France?","answer":"Inspiration"}
{"text":["It's only about $3 billion. So compared to the whole Defense Department, which is, you know, 500 or more billion, or NASA, which is around 16 billion, or something.","A couple of big bombers.","Yeah, one and a half B-2 bombers. That's it. I think DARPA should be inspiring to anyone who wants to create innovative things, come up with new ideas, do things that really make a difference, with a relatively small amount of money and resources.","And what stuff do you think, percentage of stuff, that you actually saw going on?What couldn't you see that they wouldn't let you see inside of DARPA?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : DARPA is able to achieve innovative results with limited resources.","questions":"How does DARPPersonA achieve results?","answer":"with"}
{"text":["Hi - so glad to have you with us. And let me start here. Just to recap this war of words, Iran says the U. S.  is lying about where the drone was shot down. The U. S.  says Iran is lying. How are we likely to know?How will this be resolved beyond a take one person's word over the other situation?How do they figure that out?","Well, first, there is, obviously, the release of the actual location data for where the BAMS or Broad Area Maritime Surveillance aircraft was flying. That - hopefully, it will be released shortly by Central Command. But part of it, too, Mary Louise, is the fact that there's absolutely no reason for this aircraft to have to fly over Iran to gather the data that the U. S.  military was interested in gathering.","You're saying there's circumstantial evidence that just - why would it have been there?- which tends to support the U. S.  position.","Well, right. And no U. S.  commander - speaking from experience - would put the aircraft in that kind of a situation. And for your audience, that reason is that, unlike aircraft - surveillance aircraft in the past, the kind of sensor systems that are onboard this drone are such that they can see dozens and dozens and dozens of miles away from the aircraft. So, you know, it's flying up above 50,000 feet over the Strait of Hormuz. It can monitor the entire strait plus see inside Iran without having to fly over it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The US military has evidence to support their claim.","questions":"What does the US have to support their claim?","answer":"US"}
{"text":["Sherrilyn, are you with us?","I am.","OK.  Any sign of polling difficulties that were out of the ordinary in a way that prevented people from having their say?","Well I think it's going to interesting to see what we learn over the next few days. In many ways because people were caught up in the euphoria of this election. I think some of the information is going to drip in."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Information \"dripping in\" implies that some information will become available slowly over the near future.","questions":"Which word describes how the information will become available?","answer":"Dripping"}
{"text":["So there were a couple of feuds on the blog this week. Break them down for us.","Well, I'll start with the more-amusing one: Aretha Franklin versus Beyonce and Beyonce's dad. So flash back to last week's Grammys. Beyonce introduced her duet partner, Tina Turner, as the queen. Aretha Franklin, the reigning Queen of Soul, was none too pleased and released a statement saying it was a cheap shot for controversy. Beyonce's dad\/manager responded, saying Franklin's statement was ridiculous.","Now, most people on our blog seem to agree. C.  Cody(ph) wrote: Re-re(ph) should have exercised her right to remain queen by remaining silent; and Willis Page(ph) had his own beef with Ms.  Franklin. He wrote: I've had tickets to see Aretha Franklin three times, and three times she has cancelled in different cities. How about being mad at the title of Queen of No-shows?","And then the other big feud this week was between Tavis Smiley and Michelle Obama. Journalist Tavis Smiley invited Barack Obama to speak at his annual State of the Black Union. Obama declined, saying he had to campaign, but he offered to send his wife, Michelle, in his place. Tavis Smiley essentially said no thanks."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Aretha Franklin was offended by Beyonce introducing Tina Turner as the queen at the Grammys.","questions":"What was the title that Beyonce used to introduce Tina Turner at the Grammys?","answer":"Queen"}
{"text":["Exactly. I mean, just how it sounds. You know, there's three guys on the court for each team, instead of five. I guess a close parallel might be what they did for the Olympics, bringing in beach volleyball to accompany, you know, regular volleyball. So it's a little bit like that.","And you play outdoors, right?","Outdoors, yep, in some beautiful venues, too, yeah. Here in Amsterdam, we're outside the Rijksmuseum, you know, one of the biggest museums in Amsterdam.","Oh, my gosh. That's a beautiful museum."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The fact that the game is played outdoors is being confirmed.","questions":"Which detail about the game venue is confirmed in the statement?","answer":"outdoors"}
{"text":["First, the president speaks to a joint session of Congress tonight. It's not officially a State of the Union speech, but it will have much of the same pomp and ceremony. The speech is at 9 p. m.  Eastern. It will be televised, and so Mr.  Obama's real audience will be you and I, the people watching at home. NPR's Scott Horsley's here now. He's also be monitoring the speech.","And Scott, I guess it'll be economy as the number one topic.","You know, there's really no escaping that. The president said yesterday that this is not the situation he or any new president would like to inherit, but he's faced with rising unemployment, you talk about those plummeting home prices, a record number of foreclosures. So he's going to be talking about the steps he and Congress have already taken, like the $787 billion stimulus plan, the foreclosure prevention plan he unveiled last week in Arizona.","He's also expected to provide some more detail about his administration's efforts to shore up the banking system. That's something that the secretary of Treasury rolled out a couple of weeks ago and has been criticized for not having enough details. So we may learn more about that and about efforts to strengthen and update financial regulations so we don't find ourselves in a situation like this again."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It will have all of the same importance and rituals as the first speech.","questions":"What will the president's speech have?","answer":"Pomp"}
{"text":["Should the NSA be held responsible for this?I'm just wondering. The fact that this crown jewel, as you put it, was leaked or stolen and became public, is that their fault?","This is a great question. Actually, there's controversy. So initially, losing control of this hacking tool - and really, thousands of others - was clearly the NSA's fault. But at some point, I guess, their responsibility for criminals reusing what has become public is diminishing. But the problem here is that the U. S.  government - first Obama, then the Trump administration, and of course, also Congress - have never addressed the underlying extraordinary leak that took place that is known as Shadow Brokers, which is arguably the worst security breach the NSA has ever suffered - even worse than the Snowden leak.","It just seems remarkable that something that has such significance and such a power to disrupt people's lives hasn't gotten more attention. Does it seem strange to you?","Well, you know, the story is quite complicated. But I think we have to do better and really understand the Shadow Broker's leak, it's reuse. This is ultimately an attack, if we take the whole thing, that has caused tens of billions of damage to the world economy - billions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Asking whether the NSA should take responsibility for the leak implies the possibility that they might be at fault.","questions":"What was the initial reason for the NSPersonA's fault?","answer":"Losing"}
{"text":["So you're comparing yourself in this book to a great revolutionary. And in this book you write: Almost 30 years ago, I tried to write a book I hoped might free my brother from a life sentence in the penitentiary. Everything written after that book - and basically didn't work - everything written after that book worked even less. Are you upset that words can't change more?","Well, I'm upset, and I also know better than to think that they really can. What words change - the power of words is to change the individual's sensibility, to change the individual conscience. And every now and again, there are words which allied or aligned with politics and good luck and external conditions in the world. There are words and phrases and slogans that really can manifest change.","What specifically - if you had to pick a phrase from him, what would it be?","It would be: Make of me a man who questions. Make of me a man who questions. And I would certainly put that on a T-shirt and wear it around."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Words have limited power to change the world, but they can change individuals.","questions":"What phrase would PersonA put on a T-shirt and wear around?","answer":"Make"}
{"text":["Sometimes you're crazy, Then you wonder why. I'm such a baby, yeah, That dolphins make me cry.","But there's nothing I can do, I only wanna be with you.","Tell me about your roots in the South and how they influenced you musically?","Oh, big time. I grew up, you know, in Charleston, South Carolina, and I'm 42 years old. So for me, a lot of what I remember back in the day was AM radio. And when I was a kid you could hear Stevie Wonder and Buck Owens on the same channel. You know, that was a thing for me that just listen to AM radio, flipping through the channels and hearing these songs."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : roots implies your family or your earlier days and not the part of trees or plants in the soil ","questions":"Which part of South Carolina did PersonA grow up in?","answer":"Charleston"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . Able to meet as she died the start of her junior year.","And Mark Gorman.","Mark Gorman, another very nice kid, unfortunately dying during the first semester of his senior year in - as he got hit by a car coming home. It was on a Friday night and - I should say a Thursday night. And our football team generally gets together every Thursday night. And Mark was a football player to start his career at Bremen and in band and lots of activities. But he decided managering (ph) the football team - being a manager of the football team would be more beneficial to everybody. And he did the manager job as best as he could and as thorough as he could. And the football team kind of elected him on his leadership ability to come speak to the team. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The speaker is expressing regret about the death of a fellow student.","questions":"How did the student die?","answer":"Car"}
{"text":["Ultimately, with everything that's transpired since that conversation, I don't. I wish I could take it back. And often people will say, but then you'd have never had this essay. And it wouldn't have been the same. And I think, I could've written other essays. Yeah, ultimately I opened up something that was actually closed for me. When people read that piece, they said to me, oh, I wonder - I hope this was very healing for you. I hope you worked through what happened to you through this essay.","My reaction to that is, I actually did already work through that. There's a reason it took 17 years to write that piece - because I had to work through that, and the box was closed. And by opening it up again and bringing those people back into my life, ultimately it wasn't worth it. But I can't take that back now.","Listening to you talk about this, I'm struck by the fact that we are hearing now a lot from women who are writing and examining their lives in sort of powerful, astonishing writing. Do you think there's something wider at play?","I think people are really paying attention now. I think people don't have an option anymore than to hear us and listen. There is such fantastic momentum. And it's really only the beginning. But it thrills me to see the books being picked up right now and the stories we're seeing. And I want that momentum to just continue and crash through.","That was T Kira Madden. Her debut memoir is \"Long Live The Tribe Of Fatherless Girls. \"Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's not a closed box but a memory of an event that is no longer thought about.","questions":"What was closed for the speaker?","answer":"box"}
{"text":["You've been raising questions about Jared Kushner's security clearance for a couple of years. Should he have one?","No. He should not - well, he should not have top-secret security clearance. You know, there are at least three problems - one is that he had numerous errors and omissions on his initial security clearance form where he did not report foreign contacts. Two, he has tremendous financial vulnerabilities, including this property called 666 Fifth Avenue in New York City where he's tremendously indebted. And he's seeking investment from all over the world to shore it up. And then three, it appears that the president concealed the fact that he had actually ordered John Kelly and Don McGahn to give Jared Kushner a top-secret clearance. And law enforcement officials didn't want him to have it. And so these factors all point to him not having it or not - he should not have it, I should say.","Quick last question. Do people in Schaumburg, Ill.  - in your district - care about whether Donald Trump lied about paying hush money to an actress or the job he's doing as president?","I think they really care about making sure that we get to the bottom of what happened in 2016. At the same time, they also care about us delivering on their pocketbook priorities. And so as Chairman Cummings pointed out in the Oversight hearing, this hearing with Michael Cohen was not the first hearing of the 116th Congress in Oversight. The first hearing was about trying to tackle the problem of rising prescription drug prices. And so we got to walk and chew gum at the same time, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Jared Kushner should not have top-secret security clearance due to errors, financial vulnerabilities, and concealing facts","questions":"Which vulnerabilities did Jared Kushner have that made him unsuitable for top-secret security clearance?","answer":"Financial"}
{"text":["You know, a lot of people who are successful at their jobs identify very strongly with their jobs, with their profession. They say, I am Joe Blow and. . .","Yes.","I work at X company and that's a big strong part of their identity. And so I imagine when those people lose their jobs, it's particularly devastating because a part of their identity is gone.","Right. I ask people to sort of, you know, draw out a pie chart like if you had a circle and you're going to divide the different parts of the circle into who you are. You're a brother, sister, son, father, mother, whatever, daughter, friend, you're a member of a community, you're somebody who can help other people. There's a tendency in our society to overidentify with the role of a job, but we're many, many, many other things. So redefining and sort of expanding your definition of who you are is a magnificent way of empowering yourself."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"I\" isn't literal and there is no Company X. B is just referring to what aworker who is employed at any company would think.","questions":"How does PersonB describe the identity of successful workers?","answer":"Identify"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely.","You know, like, what are some of the other barbecue don'ts that come up when all of you all get together?","I think hovering is a big one, people who want to jump on the grill before they've been invited to, people who think they're helping out by bringing a side of beef that they figure you have room on the grill to just add that into your menu, any kind of, you know, presumptuous guests.","What about some barbecue do's?Are there some do's that you wish people would do that they perhaps don't think to do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : do's refers to all acceptable behavior and activities","questions":"What does \"do's\" encompass?","answer":"Behavior"}
{"text":["Story's still unfolding, we understand. What are you hearing?","Well, the evidence is that the Islamic State is behind this. In addition to French President Francois Hollande saying that the attacks were the work of ISIS, the group itself claimed responsibility in an online statement a short time ago. And they say the attacks were a response to French airstrikes in Syria and that France would remain, in their words, a top target as long as it continued its current policies.","This has been independently confirmed by intelligence officials you've been able to talk to.","Well, my understanding is that officials first started to suspect ISIS was behind this late last night. There were some cellphone conversations or texts that the gunmen were exchanging while the attacks were going on. And they mentioned ISIS. And here's why that's important. You remember the Mumbai attacks in 2008 that were - those were attacks on hotels and Jewish centers and a railway station. Well, one of the ways that they traced it back to the perpetrators was by picking up phone conversations between the gunmen and their handlers in Pakistan. The information is still coming in, but it appears that something similar happened here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Story's still unfolding, we understand. What are you hearing?  Implicated meaning: B is acknowledging that the situation is still developing and they are aware of that. The actual meaning is that B is asking A for any updates or information they may have heard.","questions":"What did the gunmen mention during the attacks?","answer":"ISIS"}
{"text":["One option for mothers who feel they aren't able to properly raise a child is to surrender their infants anonymously. So-called safe-haven laws let moms give up their children at local hospitals, police and fire stations without legal consequence. They're intended as a way to save babies from grim fates. Pete Pircsh is a state senator in Nebraska.","2004, a 2-day-old infant was abandoned in a canal near the Elkhorn River in Norfolk. The baby had been dead for about two days at the time it was discovered. In 2007, a woman found a baby boy abandoned in a tote bag between a trash bin and a discarded TV, and there are other incidents like that.","This summer, Nebraska became the last state in the nation to pass a safe-haven law, and theirs is a bit different. Pirsch wrote an amendment to the bill that says children as old as 19 can be left at safe havens. Most states only allow parents to drop off their children if they're less than a year old.","If they're on the point where they, out of frustration or anger, may actually injure the child, then this is a vastly superior system to set up because it will take the child from that position of danger and place him into a safe environment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Safe-haven laws are a way to save infants from being abandoned or killed.","questions":"What is the purpose of safe-haven laws?","answer":"Save"}
{"text":["And if you get. . .",". . . That may have been repeated in the media.","If you get 10 lawyers in a room, you're going to have 12 different opinions.","Do you want to see Robert Mueller testify before Congress?","You know, there are some that would like to see him come and testify. I think most people say, look; the report is filed. What more are you going to learn?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : There is no need for Robert Mueller to testify since the report is already filed.","questions":"What is the reason for not having Robert Mueller testify?","answer":"report"}
{"text":["But today, the Reverend Al Sharpton, members of Bell's family, and other community leaders are taking these protests one step further. They'll march and stage pray-ins throughout New York City. One of the sites is House of the Lord Church in downtown Brooklyn, led by the Reverend Herb Daughtry. We talked to the reverend yesterday about his plans for the protest.","What we're supposed to do is assemble at various sites around the city and then march to the action site. That is the place where we will submit ourselves, some of us, to an arrest. Hopefully, in so doing, we will tie up the city so that there will be - there would be no movement, no motion. And everybody in the city and indeed across the nation will get the message that we will not stand for policemen, the people we pay to protect us, to kill us.","Reverend, when you talk about blocking things off and shutting things down, does that mean that you will literally block the streets?","Obviously, I don't want to be too specific, but we have assembling points. Points where we tell people to assemble. Here in Brooklyn, it's at our church, the House of the Lord Church. Now, once people have assembled, then we will go to the designated sites of action, where the civil disobedience will take place.","Sean Bell was a young man. Have you been able to reach out to people who are in their 20s or even in their teens to try to get them to join on to this protest?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"submit ourselves... to an arrest\" - This phrase means that the protestors are intentionally getting themselves arrested as a form of civil disobedience, rather than trying to avoid arrest.","questions":"What is the purpose of the civil disobedience?","answer":"Purpose"}
{"text":["The crowd was enormous. They were fired-up. There was this huge jumbo-tron screen on which the results were being displayed on CNN, and so, of course, as it came in, and it fall - it fell, first New Hampshire for Obama, then Pennsylvania, and then the red states started coming in. The crowd was going crazy.","What was striking about the speeches, after having covered Senator Obama for more than 20 months and seeing all the blue placards with Change on it and the rally atmosphere, this was very different than that. This was a presidential speech. The placards were gone, and American flags were being waved by people in the crowd.","And the speech itself was - there was no humor. It was a very serious speech. And though it had lots of optimism in it, it was about the challenges that we face as a country. And so, it really felt - and they, of course, set it up that way, so that it would be a pivot from the campaign Obama to the governing Obama. And one last observation is that he was surrounded on both sides by what looked like two huge parenthesis, massive bullet proof glass on either side of him as he spoke, protecting him from most of that crowd of roughly 200,000.","Well, let's talk about that pivot. We heard that Barack Obama will be speaking with President Bush sometime, perhaps, this week?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The crowd was very excited and enthusiastic about the election results.","questions":"Which word describes the attitude of the crowd towards the election results?","answer":"towards"}
{"text":["So there are always lines in invoices - in the case of remains excavations, taking care of the remains, maintaining them, transfer - all of these kind of things. It happens. It exists. In other hostage cases, you would see not necessarily - and I have to distinguish between hostages and political prisoners because Otto Warmbier was a political prisoner, not a hostage.","And the difference being that hostages are held generally by nongovernmental. . .","Correct.",". . . Entities. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Invoices for remains excavations and transfer exist and happen.","questions":"How do invoices exist for remains excavations and transfer?","answer":"Invoices"}
{"text":["Thank you so much, Scott.","Let me put this bluntly. In the 1970s, Argentina was in the grip of what was called the Dirty War. People being disappeared. Which side was man now known as Pope Francis on?","I think he was on the wrong side. I think he didn't understand the consequences of what the junta meant to do when it came to power. He had been very involved as a young man in politics. He was interested in communism.","But then he turned really to the right. He was an admirer of Juan Domingo Peron, the soft man of Argentina - to put it somehow. And he joined or was on the margins of a right-wing peronist group. And there were a lot of his priests who were very much on the left-wing side. And what happened is that he essentially failed to protect two of his most radical priests by demanding essentially that these priests leave the Jesuit order."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"He joined or was on the margins of a right-wing peronist group.\" - This is an idiomatic expression that means he was involved in or affiliated with a political group that supported the ideas of Juan Domingo Peron and his political movement.","questions":"What is the political movement that Juan Domingo Peron is associated with?","answer":"Peronism"}
{"text":["And we shall not - I certainly won't see his like again. He was also incredibly fun. And so that's the thing to try to hold onto.","He wrote a lot of letters by hand, didn't he?","He wrote tons of letters. I bet there are a hundred thousand - hundreds out there signed, all the best, George Bush. Many of them are compiled in a lovely volume he did. His - you know, he was the son of a mother who insisted that he not talk - that one not talk about oneself. He was - so when it came time to write a book after he left the presidency, he didn't. . .","Oh, right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : tons of letters implies a very large number and not to full a ton ","questions":"What does \"tons of letters\" imply?","answer":"Large"}
{"text":["You know what, they provide me with so much more than just shoes and things. They have an entire family atmosphere at the Jordon brand. I'm the first woman of the Jordan brand. And they've been very helpful and instrumental and supportive in things that I've been able to do in terms of going out and giving away shoes, donating shoes and donating equipment to other people. And I donated some to a team down North Carolina, a basketball team down north Carolina. And I'm actually in the process of starting an essay contest for people with physical disabilities. And the winners, we're going to give out a hundred pair of Jordan sneakers. So we've done a lot of things in the community in terms of speaking engagements, in terms of both promoting my community efforts and for them to be able to outreach into another aspect of the community in the disabled community.","You're in the 100, 200, 400 meters. Those are short races. What are your competitors like?And do you guys have any camaraderie?You're competitors for a while, but do you guys talk?Do you guys compare stories?","It's funny, because I hold the world record in the 100, 200 and 400 meters. And so I think a lot of times people hope that I don't show up.","So that can be very interesting. But I mean I try - I look at it like one of these days will come and I'll have to hang my spikes up. So I try to as much as possible impart as much wisdom as I can to, you know, to my fellow competitors."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"people hope that I don't show up\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that people do not want the speaker to arrive at a specific location. However, in this context, it refers to competitors hoping that the speaker (who holds the world record in the 100, 200, and 400 meters) does not compete in races, as it reduces their chances of winning.","questions":"What is the world record held by the speaker in the 100, 200 and 400 meters?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["You've been on this beat for a while.","I have, a decade or so.","Any - ever seen anything like it?","Wow. I think this is a story I will tell the grandkids about covering."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Anything like it\" is a rhetorical question implying if the speaker has ever seen a similar situation as this one before. ","questions":"Which question did PersonB ask to know if PersonA has ever seen a similar situation before?","answer":"Anything"}
{"text":["In other words, says Ambassador Hill, the error was to call for the removal of President Bashar al-Assad. Christopher Hill joins us now from his office at the University of Denver, where he's dean of the School of International Studies. He's former ambassador to Iraq, Macedonia, Poland and South Korea, a former assistant secretary of state as well. Nice to talk with you again.","Good to talk to you.","And you concede in your piece that President Assad should be tried for war crimes. How can he be part of a diplomatic solution?","Well, that's not a concession on my part. I'm simply pointing out that the conflict in Syria is a pretty complex one. And the issue often is not how do you get rid of these guys, these dictators, but how do they get there in the first place. And when we start looking into Syria, you see that it wasn't quite the same pattern as Moammar Gadhafi or even the situation in Egypt or some of these other places associated with the Arab Spring, you have a very complex problem. And to this day, some couple years later, you have a lot of people fighting on Assad's side, and they're not fighting on his side because they like him, support him, want to see him continue.","They just fear the future even more than they fear him. And so I think the problem was that in calling for his ouster, we didn't explain what would happen the day after he's gone."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They didn't get into position in the same way as some places were protests and riots occurred.","questions":"What was the situation in Syria not similar to?","answer":"protests"}
{"text":["Well, I didn't, but a professor of mathematics at Macalester College and one of his students did that. And they use this stuff called social network analysis, which is what the NSA uses to identify key terrorists and, you know, the people that they want to send the drones after. But these guys at Macalester College took that same method and applied it to \"Game Of Thrones. \"","Is it as simple as they just add up all the mentions on social media platforms or what?","In a sense it is. It's a matter - it's - look at the networks, you look at the strengths of the connections between the networks and almost always you find that one or two nodes come to the top, and they're the most important nodes. And they're the ones who, in a terrorist network, if you take them out, it causes significant damage to the network. And in the case of \"Game Of Thrones,\" if you took out Tyrion, it would make a huge difference to the rest of the story. So he's the one that is most likely to survive through the entire series.","Unless of course he gets a better offer from another series and they decide they have to write him out. But I'm interested in the fact that it can be used to penetrate what's going on in a supposedly secret terrorist network."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are no turns in this conversation whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. All of the turns are being used in a straightforward and literal manner.","questions":"What is the method used by the professor and his student to analyze \"Game of Thrones\"?","answer":"social"}
{"text":["The regulations and the oversight that was put in place was relatively minimal because this was going to be such a small endeavor. It was going to be a small-scale experiment for 100 schools. Well, guess what?We have 1,300 charter schools today. And we have a law that doesn't actually account for the scale of that.","That's LA Times reporter Anna Phillips. She's been investigating loopholes in California's charter school system. What she discovered is a fragmented and decentralized regulating system. In Los Angeles, Phillips encountered a case in which a wealthy Beverly Hills couple made millions of dollars by simply turning to a different school district whenever their charter schools came under scrutiny.","These charter schools had been set up as nonprofits that were publicly funded. But if you looked right kind of on the outskirts of them, the couple that had started them had essentially created a series of businesses or nonprofits that were doing business with their own schools. So for instance, this couple rented a lot of their own properties they owned. They were their own landlords.","They owned buildings that then they rented to the schools, so they were getting that income.","Exactly. And there were other ways they were getting income. The woman who ran these schools, her husband was hired on as a project manager for about $500,000 to oversee the construction of a new campus. When they wanted to bring in cafeteria meals for their students, they hired one of their own organizations. So this was public money that was coming into these schools, but the couple that ran them was financially benefiting from it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"So this was public money that was coming into these schools, but the couple that ran them was financially benefiting from it\" - The literal meaning of this sentence is that public funds were being used to support the couple's charter schools, and that the couple was making a profit from these funds. However, the implied meaning is that the couple may have been exploiting their positions of power to enrich themselves at the expense of the public education system.","questions":"What was the couple doing with public funds in their charter schools?","answer":"benefiting"}
{"text":["You know what really stands out for me in your book most of all?","Uh-oh.","You love your daughter. You love your grandson. And you love working.","I adore working. I am so - do you know how lucky I am?At this age, I have \"Fashion Police. \"I have an Internet show \"In Bed With Joan. \"And I just started something now called \"Drunken Celebrity Phone Calls. \"It's incredible."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) - Implied meaning: I am very grateful for the opportunities I have been given at my age.","questions":"What emotion does turn 3 convey?","answer":"Grateful"}
{"text":["You are so nice for not doing that spoiler alert. But, yes, so many people discuss Israel-Palestine as if its people on a spectrum. But this notion where people say, oh, you know, Israel and Palestine, they disagree. It's not a spectrum. It's metaphysics.","They're in a different reality, whereas, I lived in Jerusalem that had the Temple Mount and a Palestinian neighbor lived in al-Quds that had Haram al-Sharif. Like, literally, we're inhabiting the same space and in a different city with a different extraordinary holy place on the same spot. And, to me, you know, that gets us to the title of this book. I was looking for a space for the no man's land where a moment of understanding might take place.","Is there an affinity between writers and spies?","That's funny. I'm like - I was going to the list. I was like, writers and shrinks, writers and sociopaths. But, yeah, I have a whole list of things. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They're in a different reality, whereas, I lived in Jerusalem that had the Temple Mount and a Palestinian neighbor lived in al-Quds that had Haram al-Sharif. Like, literally, we're inhabiting the same space and in a different city with a different extraordinary holy place on the same spot. And, to me, you know, that gets us to the title of this book. I was looking for a space for the no man's land where a moment of understanding might take place.\"  In this turn, the implied meaning is that although the speaker and their Palestinian neighbor physically occupy the same space, they have distinct and separate realities due to the differences in the names and significance attributed to the holy places they inhabit. The speaker seeks a metaphorical \"no man's land\" where a moment of understanding and connection can occur despite the stark differences in perspectives and experiences.","questions":"What was the speaker looking for in their book?","answer":"Understanding"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So, first off, what is criminalistics?","Criminalistics is the application of the physical sciences to matters of law and science. The physical sciences being biology, chemistry and physics, and any question that might become of interest to not only law enforcement but the legal system in general, whether it's criminal or civil law. Questions of science can be answered and aid in the assignment of responsibility and guilt or innocence in certain types of situations.","Duane, why don't you describe to us some of the work that you did with actual cases when you were at the California Department of Justice?I mean, what was your job, literally and physically?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : you imply that something is the case you imply that something is the case","questions":"What did PersonB ask about in turn 1?","answer":"criminalistics"}
{"text":["No, I think this will be about fact. That's why I added a number of authors and historians to this commission. When these monuments were erected, they were to celebrate but also, I think, to intimidate individuals, as well. They were there to continue to convey what I think is, you know, alternative facts and history. At the end of the day, these individuals defended a time and a purpose that would probably have me and my ancestors in bondage. And that should not go untold.","Some, though, would say this is a cop-out. New Orleans has torn down a number of its Confederate monuments. The city of Charlottesville, Va. , voted to sell its statue of Robert E.  Lee. Why not remove these statues?","Well, first I will say that our monuments commission will obviously listen to all sides. They'll listen to those who think that we may be trying to rewrite history. We're going to listen to people who think that we should remove the monuments. My charge to the commission is to tell the whole truth. For some, this was the third rail in Richmond politics - that you can never touch Monument Avenue. And I think that right now this is an opportunity for us and a responsibility for us to write the next new chapter for the city of Richmond.","Levar Stoney, the Democratic mayor of Richmond, Va.  We've been checking in with him throughout his first year in office. And we will be doing so as the year rolls on. Thank you so much for joining us.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The monuments commission will listen to all sides and tell the whole truth.","questions":"What is the commission's responsibility regarding the monuments?","answer":"Truth"}
{"text":["Well, it's unclear. But at least the Department of Health and Human Services is saying that the Affordable Care Act will stand as this works its way through courts. And the funny thing is today is the final day for. . .","Yes.",". . . Open enrollment for next year for people to get insurance. And on the website healthcare. gov, there's actually a banner that says, this decision doesn't change open enrollment for now.","What about political repercussions?","And that's a more complicated thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite the court case, people can still enroll for insurance","questions":"Which website has a banner indicating that the court decision doesn't change open enrollment for now?","answer":"healthcare.gov"}
{"text":["We tried for about two and half years. And I had this fear that with every step we took, we would learn something that it would confirm my fear that I couldn't have a baby.","She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF.","Tell me about that moment when you first saw your daughter Hazel for the first time. I mean, how did that feel?","Oh, my gosh. It was - it was incredible. I mean, first of all, I was in labor for 24 hours."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : : \"Tell me about that moment when you first saw your daughter Hazel for the first time. I mean, how did that feel?\"  Implicated meaning: The listener wants to know about the emotional experience of seeing one's child for the first time.","questions":"What was the name of the daughter PersonA saw for the first time?","answer":"Hazel"}
{"text":["Those same streaks are in Europe. We're seeing people who are rebelling against the European Union, the open market, the open borders, who are rebelling against migration and refugees and who have lost out or feel that they have lost out on globalization and trade and are now opposing trade. So the same phenomenon we see here in the United States you also see in Europe. And in that sense, we are having a crisis that really affects Western liberal democracies writ large.","I wonder what you'd say, Mr. Ambassador, to a citizen of Belgium or France who might say now a united Europe is just too bureaucratic and too centralized to protect its population.","Well, I think that is a sentiment you are hearing increasingly in places like Belgium and France that - the problem is that the threat is not just from without but it is also from within. Belgian citizens, people born in Belgium, blew up the metro station and airport, where French citizens born in France who blew up the concert hall and stadium in - last November.","That threat needs to be dealt with not only by the countries themselves but can more effectively be dealt with by the Europeans coming together, sharing intelligence, which is not what they're doing right now, protecting their external borders much better than they have been able to do, rather than each individually trying to deal with this challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"I wonder what you'd say, Mr. Ambassador, to a citizen of Belgium or France who might say now a united Europe is just too bureaucratic and too centralized to protect its population.\"  The actual meaning implied here is that the citizen of Belgium or France believes that a united Europe, due to its bureaucratic and centralized nature, is unable to effectively safeguard its population. It suggests skepticism or doubt regarding the ability of a united Europe to fulfill its protective role.","questions":"Which country did the citizens born in blow up the concert hall and stadium in, in November?","answer":"Europeannations"}
{"text":["Can I ask you about a couple of calls for which you are famed?","Sure.","There was a horse, I have seen the video, whose name you had a hard time with.","Yakahickamickadola."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : That statement implies that B had difficulty pronouncing a horse's name which is \"akahickamickadola\" and it is a notable event that the speaker is aware of.","questions":"How did PersonB know about the horse's name?","answer":"video"}
{"text":["And we're hearing from you on your cell phone at the kiosk now, and we should note that where you are is not too far from Fort Bragg, which is home to the 82nd Airborne Division. And apparently, a lot of the soldiers have been coming home, and how has that affected your business?","Well, I mean, all the economy has been affected, but we're not as bad because luckily, we do do a lot of things for the military. Their wives are still here, so it's constantly them bringing in things that they need to be shipped overseas or just little minor things, things for the babies. It does keep a good flow in, though.","You mentioned the babies. I hear there's been an upsurge in the birth rate there, 50 percent more recently. That's a lot of babies.","Well, the troops came home at the first of the year, and now, everywhere you look, it's women pushing strollers, or they're pregnant.","And so, what kind of stuff are people bringing to you at your kiosk there for these expectant mothers?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Military families are a significant source of income.","questions":"What is the main source of income for the kiosk mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Military"}
{"text":["What in this agreement makes it better in your perspective?Because you did say that there was something in it that was, so tell me one thing.","There are. The labor chapter itself is better. However, if you can't enforce the labor chapter, it is meaningless. And so we're trying to get the enforcement on three different levels that I outlined earlier.","So what's your message to Democrats here?I mean, the issue is, so far, the administration has been trying to work with the Democrats. I mean, the trade chief, for example, the U. S.  trade representative, Robert Lighthizer, has been working with Democrats to hear their concerns about it. I mean, and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has appointed nine House Democrats to committees to negotiate these sort of - these changes.","But there is this some sense that, you know, the administration - others in the administration would like to fast-track it. There is a mechanism for doing that. I mean, do you have a specific message to Democrats?Because, as you know, with such a large - particularly with such a large presidential field, you've got all kinds of different opinions about international trade in that group. Do you know what I mean?So do you have a specific message to them about how to - you would like to see them proceed?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The labor chapter is better but useless without proper enforcement on three different levels.","questions":"Which chapter is better in the agreement?","answer":"Better"}
{"text":["And so that's what gives them some optimism, and, while they think their internal poll numbers are better than the public polls, which, in a lot of these states, show them back - in these red states or Republican states, show McCain back, in some cases, by a double digits, they say their internal poll is showing just a few points.","Still, here is Karl Rove writing in the Wall Street Journal today. His overall tone is, never mind the polls, go ahead and vote anyway. He does cite Ronald Reagan as an example in 1980. Out of the last 14 presidential campaigns, he says, Ronald Reagan 1980 was the last time that a candidate was behind in the Gallup poll the week before the election and still went ahead to win.","Yes. That's part of the tough, uphill climb the McCain campaign faces. They face the problem of history, and they also face the problem of the actual, you know, numbers that are coming from inside the important states, as opposed to, say, the national numbers.","And also, for their long shot strategy to pay off, a lot of things that we've seen on the ground, the extraordinary enthusiasm in Democratic ranks, the registration advantage Democrats have over Republicans in these key states, those have all turned out to be not as great as advertised, and that's a lot of things that have to fall in line perfectly over the next five days."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : McCain campaign is facing a difficult challenge from Obama","questions":"How is the McCain campaign doing against Obama?","answer":"struggling"}
{"text":["Because presidents that are about to be removed from office see the writing on the wall. Richard Nixon had a very good sense of his waning support in the Senate. And when he saw it collapse, he realized that if he hung on, he would be removed, and he would lose his presidential pension.","Interesting. So one of the complaints that President Trump is making and that his supporters are making is that this is a purely partisan process. Has that complaint been made before?Is that what people normally say?Or is there something about this particular circumstance that's different?","The reason that impeachment was kept on the shelf for over a hundred years after the Johnson impeachment process was that it was viewed by all sides in the American political community as highly partisan. But it doesn't always have to be the case. And in the Nixon era - a period when I think we saw a model impeachment process - the democratic leadership bent over backwards to make the process as bipartisan as possible.","We keep hearing all kinds of comments from - particularly from former Republican members about what members of their caucus say privately. But there's no way to know how to evaluate that. We do know that publicly, the Republicans are insisting that this is partisan. The Democrats are insisting that no, it isn't. It's a constitutional matter. Do you see from where you sit a way to bridge this difference of perspective?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Nixon saw his support leave him and realized that if stayed president he would lose money.","questions":"How did Nixon realize he would lose money if he stayed president?","answer":"Pension"}
{"text":["This is SCIENCE FRIDAY. I'm Flora Lichtman. If you're listening to our program over the radio today, you have Nikola Tesla to thank. Many of the things we take for granted now - electricity, radar, X-ray technology - come from research done by Tesla about a hundred years ago. But even though he's been come - he's come to be known as the father of the electric age, Tesla died penniless and largely forgotten in 1943.","Skip ahead to present time and enter Matthew Inman, creator of the website The Oatmeal. You may have seen and laughed at his comics, and if you haven't, to get a flavor of them, go to our website at sciencefriday. com to see his one about Tesla. Inman partnered with a nonprofit called the Tesla Science Center at Wardenclyffe on a mission to raise money to buy Tesla's lab in Shoreham, New York, and turn it into a museum. And here's the amazing part: they did it. They raised over $1. 3 million from the public to fund a science museum. There's hope yet. Matthew Inman joins me from Atlanta. Welcome to the program and congratulations.","Oh, yeah, thanks for having me.","Who are these people that gave to your campaign?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Matthew Inman partnered with a nonprofit to raise money to turn Tesla's lab into a museum, and they succeeded.","questions":"What did Matthew Inman and a nonprofit achieve with their fundraising campaign?","answer":"Museum"}
{"text":["An impression, that's an interesting question there. And certainly, you talked about that room I was in, it was certainly interesting for me to be standing in there quite literally in the middle of this room surrounded by all these heads of state from around Africa. But I quite literally - I mean, the journalist in you kicks in - I'm there certainly covering it, but it kicks in and I made a beeline, I absolutely did, when I laid eyes on him. I went right over to him and certainly was curious to get an impression of him. But as soon as he determined and as soon as he understood who I was and what I was probably going to be asking him, his whole demeanor kind of changed.","He was there - and certainly, the Leo Sullivan Foundation and the Sullivan Summit is something you - it's not supposed to necessarily be political. And a lot of these heads of state agree to participate because - they are, they're looking for the betterment of that particular country that they're in. And it's all really something we're all supposed to get together and celebrate and try to help, and not supposed to really be a political undertone to any of it. So, I wasn't trying to create that, but still the journalist in me wanted to ask him some questions about what has been happening in Sudan, and certainly the Darfur region. But I never got that opportunity.","Sounds like he shut it down a little bit.","He shut it down like you wouldn't believe."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"shut it down\" - This is an idiom that means he stopped the conversation, rather than literally shutting something down like turning off a machine.","questions":"Which idiom means he stopped the conversation?","answer":"Shut"}
{"text":["If you're a minority professional and you grow up understanding that there will be expectations placed upon you that you have to overcome, the reality of it is, if you go into this thinking you can just be good you'll end up with a mediocre career. And so \"Good is Not Enough\" is really just a sounding call to minority professionals saying, hey, you know, we can be players at this level but we can't just play good, we have to excel.","Let's break down a few of the things you say matter. One is networking. Why so important?","Networking is so important because in this day and age a lot of the jobs, a lot of the opportunities that will come your way will not be through Monster, will not be through the want ads, it will be through networking. And so from a career perspective the opportunities will come your way from networking, but more importantly networking is a great opportunity to learn from others who have been down the road that you're trying to go. For example, if, I met a company right now - I'm at Pitney Bowes, and I love being there - but if I were to look at an opportunity at IBM, if I had a network that includes someone at IBM, I could actually call and get a better idea of what it is I'm stepping into, because corporate culture is just critical.","But how do you find someone who is a peer or a mentor at another company?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Networking is crucial for career opportunities and learning from others' experiences","questions":"Which aspect of career growth is emphasized through networking?","answer":"Learning."}
{"text":["Well, that's how your muscles grow. And in this case, what we found was with the exercise, after very strenuous exercise of 20 minutes, we found a disappearance of the chemical tags from the DNA. And what this means is that it allowed other proteins' transcription factors to access the DNA, and this could instruct the cell to make specialized proteins that could support growth and metabolism.","Wow. Does it also explain why you lose your muscle tone if you don't exercise?","Well, we actually - we didn't study that.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of turn (4) is that the speaker is acknowledging what was said but may not have a specific response or further comment. It implies a lack of elaboration or engagement in the conversation.","questions":"What is the tone of turn 3?","answer":"Lack"}
{"text":["Of course.","Why if the students two were traveling in five buses - why the target was just two?And also, these two buses were exactly the two buses that the army and the Federal Police - start to monitor it since three hours before. I mean, these two buses were the two buses where the students were traveling from the school to Iguala. Why?So what I was able to found is that in these two buses were inside in secret parts of the bus. . .","The secret compartment.",". . . Yes - heroin - 2 millions of heroin. They. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Secret compartment where they stored the \"illegal stuff\" on the bus.","questions":"Which illegal substance was stored in the secret compartment?","answer":"heroin"}
{"text":["Well, that Times story illustrates a couple of points, one of which it promptly got the Times banned, that edition.","It did. Yes, which is predictable.","Yeah. I think they knew that. And no one's above the law. This guy's family has got $2. 7 billion.","And that's the whole point. It's why that's such a striking quote for someone to say that no one is above the law. The fact of the matter, in China, the Communist Party is above the law. The courts follow what the party says in any sort of politically sensitive case. There is no rule of law. And so how you actually solve this problem is very, very difficult, especially with a party that does not want to share power, that feels that it can police itself. But increasingly, if you talk to ordinary Chinese, they don't feel that way. They do - even by blocking the Times site, most people don't know that story, but they do know the story of many other officials who have done wrong, you know, have done bad things. And so there is, I think, an emerging crisis of confidence in the party, particularly around the issue of corruption."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"There is no rule of law. And so how you actually solve this problem is very, very difficult\" - Literal meaning: The lack of rule of law in China creates a challenging problem. Actual meaning: The situation is much worse than what the literal meaning suggests. The turn implies that there is a significant crisis of confidence in the Chinese government due to rampant corruption and lack of rule of law.","questions":"What is the main issue causing the crisis of confidence in the Chinese government?","answer":"Corruption"}
{"text":["It was quite emotional. I was at the press conference. And I got a glimpse of the entry wounds. And it took me to an emotional place because the whole narrative has lots of holes that they created. One - gun, gun, gun - that they felt threatened. And two - that he was lunging at them.","Is there a new purpose to your protest now that you have this information?","I think that the purpose will stay the same - and that we want the officers fired. So our target right now is the Sacramento city manager because he's responsible. He's the only one within our city government who can fire officers. Our target really isn't the chief of police, although he's complicit in this dynamic because he hasn't come out with a strong enough statement that this is wrong.","Daniel Hahn is Sacramento's first African-American police chief. He was just sworn in last fall. How do you think he's handling the department overall?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : wounds implies negative impact and not a physical wounds on something or somebody ","questions":"Which emotions did PersonA experience at the press conference?","answer":"Emotional"}
{"text":["All right. My apologies there.","Oh, thank you.","Well, technical glitch. Thanks very much for being with us. And you wrote about your experience as a child actor in an article for the website Cracked. And you wrote you're glad you weren't Olsen twins famous, but you are pretty famous.","Well, thank you. I mean, I think that when I was child, acting was mostly just a hobby for me. It was something that my parents encouraged me to think of the way that my brothers thought of their cross-country classes, or my little sister to dance classes and art classes, and it was something like that for me. You know, the other kids were playing Little League or Pee-Wee hockey or whatever, and I was - well, I was an actor.","That's the way that I saw it. So I never really realized how much of an impact that was having on other kids' lives. And still to this day, I'm not sure how much on an impact I really had.","And you wrote in your piece that this was your choice. You didn't have a stage mom and stage dad. This was something you wanted to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He is glad that he is not so famous that he is recognized everywhere he goes all of the time.","questions":"Which reason made him glad to not be Olsen twins famous?","answer":"recognized"}
{"text":["Well, I'm here advising Ambassador Vecchio. And Ambassador Vecchio and myself have very fluid communication with members of Congress, with the State Department, with the White House. And we've always radiated and seen with very good eyes that this is a bipartisan issue.","So what does it mean to you when you hear someone like John Bolton, the national security adviser, talking about all options being on the table when it comes to support for Venezuela?Do you have any fears about military intervention?","Well, first of all, we continue to ask for all options on the table because. . .","So you want it. You want that to be a potential."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker believes that all possible solutions should be considered in order to address the Venezuela crisis.","questions":"What does the speaker ask for?","answer":"Options"}
{"text":["People call out sick, and they actually monitor how much an impact the video game has for the movies that were released, for how many people called out sick, and whether work or productivity goes down. So this isn't, you know, an isolated event.","You were mentioning the violence of some of the previous versions. Is it still the kind of game where, for example, you can shoot a police officer virtually?","Yeah. Absolutely it still is that type of game. I mean, this is a mature-rated game, which means, theoretically, that you cannot purchase this game unless you are 17 or older. So, it does have violence. It does have partial nudity in the game. And one thing that's caught some attention by the Mothers Against Drunk Driving in the game is - there is a component, or an element, where you can actually - you make a choice however, whether or not you grab a drink at a bar, and then go driving and then the screen simulates what that experience would be like. And so Mothers against Drunk Driving have stepped out on that.","But this is an adult title. There is - on the box, it says there's alcohol. There's drugs. There's partial nudity, intense violence. So you really want to be concerned if, you know, younger audiences are playing this game, you'd better make sure their maturity level can handle it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : YOUNGERS DOESN'T KNOW THE IMPACTS OF VIDEO GAMES AND IT AFFECT THEIR MATURITY LEVEL","questions":"How does the game simulate the experience of drunk driving?","answer":"Choice"}
{"text":["Sure. Sure.",". . . And two child actors were killed in a horrific helicopter crash. . . . . . And two child actors were killed in a horrific helicopter crash. . .","This is the \"Twilight Zone\" movie. This is the \"Twilight Zone\" movie.","The \"Twilight Zone\" movie, right, in northern Los Angeles County. The \"Twilight Zone\" movie, right, in northern Los Angeles County. And despite the fact that violations - Landis and the other defendants were acquitted. And despite the fact that violations - Landis and the other defendants were acquitted. No one has actually ever pled guilty to involuntary manslaughter when it comes to a film production. No one has actually ever pled guilty to involuntary manslaughter when it comes to a film production. So from that standpoint, this was an historic development. So from that standpoint, this was an historic development."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"And despite the fact that violations - Landis and the other defendants were acquitted. No one has actually ever pled guilty to involuntary manslaughter when it comes to a film production. So from that standpoint, this was a historic development.\" - The literal meaning is that Landis and the other defendants were found not guilty in a case related to a film production where someone died. The actual meaning is that the speaker is discussing the significance of the case, specifically that no one has ever been held accountable for a death on a film set before.","questions":"How was the case significant?","answer":"Historic"}
{"text":["I mean, anything that - any interest rate right now that's pegged to the federal funds rate, which is a key benchmark rate that many, many credit cards, many, many - some types of mortgages - but also many more types of short-term debts are pegged to, you can benefit a whole lot.","The problem is that if you're already in one of these homes, for example, that's - and you're underwater, meaning that you're house is worth less than the mortgage owner, and you've got poor credit or you don't have enough money or enough equity in the house to be able to refinance, then you're going to run it to a proper and you're not going to benefit.","Whether or not they - that helps the economy overall remains to be seen. I mean, the problem with economics statistics is that many times they lag by a couple of months. And so by the time you find out - by the time a recession is declared, you may have already been in one for about a month or two before you - before the rest of the country actually knows ,you know, some grand proclamation that comes from the Federal Reserve or some economists somewhere that we are in a recession.","We're going to talk a little bit more soon with a realtor in Ohio, your state, about the situation there. But last week, Countrywide Financial was subpoenaed by the attorney general of Florida. It's just one of a number of government agencies investigating the largest mortgage lender."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) To be subpoenaed means to be compelled to testify in court or provide evidence.","questions":"What does subpoenaed mean?","answer":"Testify"}
{"text":["The president's reaction, they're happy with, I think. The alt-right - Lana actually - I asked her this specifically - I said, you know, what do you think about Donald Trump?And she said, let's be honest; he's not one of our guys. We've never thought that he was one of our guys.","But the more that he does not disavow the things that they believe in and either tacitly or directly supports them, the better.","Seyward Darby - her article \"The Rise Of The Valkyries\" is published in the September issue of Harper's Magazine. Thank you so much for speaking with us.","Thank you so much for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A: \"Let's be honest; he's not one of our guys.\" - The implied meaning is that the alt-right movement doesn't truly support Donald Trump, despite being happy with his reaction.","questions":"How did Lana describe Donald Trump's affiliation with the alt-right movement?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["These Special Forces and SEAL veterans, Navy SEAL veterans - they deployed on a mission to kill the leader of the Aden branch of Al-Islah. And Al-Islah, as I write, is a very important political party in Yemen. It's an Islamist party, but it's not viewed in the wider world as a terrorist group. Nonetheless, the UAE, as we write, hired this company to kill this local political leader, this Islamist leader.","The UAE and Saudi Arabia are leading the war in Yemen against rebels in Yemen, and they have U. S.  support. Now, you suggest in the story that somebody in this group was a member of the active military, don't you?","A reservist - he was a reservist, and he was a SEAL reservist. He was at that level of command, one of the nation's best, most highly trained. And he was still - you know, technically, he had a top-secret clearance, sources told us, even when he was doing this very strange, unique, unprecedented mission, as far as we know.","I guess I'm among those Americans who just assume that that had to be illegal, that U. S.  citizens couldn't do that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : SEAL refers to as and implies an organization and not a closure ","questions":"How does the speaker refer to the SEALs?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["(Laughing) Someone said, you'd better bring that spear because he's going to need it over the next four years.","You know\u2026","And. . .","Coming from Washington, I think that's absolutely right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : better bring that spear because he's going to need it means the person needs to be more aggressive.","questions":"Which metaphorical weapon is mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Spear"}
{"text":["It's a really exciting time for us, Ira, to - it's only five years in, and it's been a tremendous success story for the company. Handsets really have taken off. We're at a point now where almost half of all handsets in the world made are smartphones with some type of touch capability.","And then I'm sure you know of tablet computers, are very exciting, have grown quite magnificently in the last few years. And the market is starting to think about expanding touch interfaces with the different devices. If you think about your laptop computer, for example, or monitors or tabletops, even the front of a refrigerator, there's a lot more applications out there, we feel.","We feel that touch and the interface of touch is only going to grow.","Do you have to design and engineer the glass specifically to be touched as a utility?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Designing and engineering glass for touch functionality is necessary.","questions":"How is glass designed for touch functionality?","answer":"Touch"}
{"text":["Yeah, it did. And when I left, I was so angry at them because I didn't understand. And it wasn't until many years later for me to be able to see where they're coming from.","(Singing) Times have really, really changed, changed.","It feels like the song \"Rebel\" is a little bit about you, too.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person singing the song is rebellious and the listener can relate to it","questions":"How does the PersonB feel about the person singing the song \"Rebel\"?","answer":"Relate"}
{"text":["But not far behind is the idea which really threatens the foreign service that has served this country pretty well over the years - that senior diplomats should be part of that political agenda. And if they don't, they have to get out of the way. Their careers will be curtailed. And a lot of these people, you know, are now serving at research institutes and universities around town because they are not being used. And that, therefore, is the message that it looks like they are sending.","So play ball or get out.","Play ball or get out. And then to find out on top of that the president is willing to disparage you and threaten, you know, things that might be coming your way; and on top of that, it now appears that the secretary of state was listening in on that call and, rather than defending his people, said nothing and did nothing and pretended like nothing happened and looked like he's part of it. And, you know, it takes a long time to build up an organization like this, but it can be destroyed very quickly. And I'm afraid that that's the direction in which we're going.","Philip Gordon, thank you so much for sharing your perspective."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The people should obey their leaders or lose their jobs.","questions":"Which idea really threatens the foreign service in the dialogue?","answer":"destruction"}
{"text":["That's right. They assumed, as I think much of the media assumed, that the Clinton campaign was going to be a true juggernaut. And when it collapsed I went back and talked to the people directly involved, and they knew it was not a juggernaut. The word they used repeatedly, and I'm talking her top people, more than a dozen of them, the word they used repeatedly is that the campaign was dysfunctional.","They had some big names running their campaign, but when I just went through the simple process of checking out their biographies, I found that their campaign manager, Patti Solis Doyle, had never worked in a presidential campaign before. Their deputy campaign manager, Mike Henry, had never worked in a presidential campaign before. Even Howard Wilson, who became a media superstar, he was her communications director, he had never worked in a presidential campaign before.","But well. . .","If you go through the list of Obama people, the top four, five, six people had not just worked in presidential campaigns before, but they worked in that critical area which gets very little attention, but is absolutely essential, and that's called field operations. It means going into states, setting up shop, organizing, getting people door knocking, getting people calling and getting delegate victories."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the campaign was dysfunctional\" - This phrase means that the campaign was not functioning effectively or smoothly, rather than literally being a physical or mechanical dysfunction.","questions":"Which word did the Clinton campaign's top people use repeatedly to describe their campaign?","answer":"dysfunctional"}
{"text":["Exactly right. The jet stream - if you remember last year, when we kind of had a winter with no winter, we had a jet stream that was very zonal, meaning it came across the time zones from west to east, and it kind of stayed right along the Canadian-U. S.  border, and that's kind of the separation between the cold air and the warm air. So we were on the southern part of the jet stream, and so we were very warm all winter long.","Now with this Sudden Stratospheric Warming event and the disruption of the circum-polar vortex, our jet stream has started to buckle and meander quite a bit. And so now instead of going primarily from west to east, we have a big north and south component of that jet stream, allowing cities like Anchorage to be very warm while New York City or even areas in Georgia are much colder than Anchorage.","Georgia was 32 degrees when Anchorage was 48.","Wow, is this the same thing that happened a couple of years ago, or am I just imagining this?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : to imagine something in this context means something was unbelievable to the person but it still happened","questions":"Which turn explains what \"imagining\" means in this context?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["(Laughter) I have no idea. I know that the pope - his five most famous words may be - who am I to judge?- which is about gay people. And I know that he has gay friends. You know, one of the people that he met with during his papal visit in the United States was a gay friend and his partner. So he's open to what he calls a culture of encounter and accompaniment. He's certainly in favor of listening to people and meeting them where they are. And so on that page, you know, we agree.","You suggest in a couple of sections of the book that there must be priests who are LGBT, but they are faithful to their vows of chastity.","Yeah, I know them. And, you know, by saying that a priest is gay, it doesn't mean that he's breaking his promise of celibacy or his vow of chastity or, you know, lesbian nuns. And one of the challenges for the church is to recognize these people and to see them as the gifts that they are as all LGBT people are to the church. They are gifts, beloved children of God who bring certain gifts and certain talents to our church, to the community.","Father James Martin - his book, \"Building A Bridge: How The Catholic Church And The LGBT Community Can Enter Into A Relationship Of Respect, Compassion, And Sensitivity\" - thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The actual meaning, however, is that the speaker is expressing agreement with the pope's approach and support for creating an inclusive and accepting environment for gay individuals within the Catholic Church.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the pope's approach towards the LGBT community in the Catholic Church?","answer":"Supportive"}
{"text":["So Exclusive Brethren - tell us about who they are and what they believe in.","Well, they started out as the Plymouth Brethren in the 1830s, at a time when there were lots of small groups breaking away from the established church. And they set themselves up to live by the principles of the early Christian church and to worship together and not have priests. It was all very egalitarian. It was very pure.","And within a couple of decades, they started to split. And there was one group that split off from the main group because they thought the main group weren't being strict enough or separatist enough. My family began - I'm fourth-generation Exclusive Brethren. Then in the '60s, the 1960s, just before I was born, a new leader took over and decided that they still weren't strict enough.","(Laughter) Oh, wow."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Oh, wow.\" - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. In this context, it is used sarcastically to express disbelief or surprise.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue is used to express sarcasm?","answer":"three"}
{"text":["Believe me, I was - I just went into a state of shock. Yeah, it was one of those things. I mean, I guess some people's imaginations run towards good fortune all the time, but I'm sort of the kid who's always sort of preparing myself for the apocalypse. So when something good happens, it's more extraordinary even than normal.","Yeah, do you know who nominated you, by the way?","Oh hell no, and whoever did kept their secret because I had no clue.","Oh, you won't find that out. That's so interesting because I think you'd want to go and thank them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is often expecting bad things to happen, so when something good happens, it's more exceptional than usual.","questions":"Which state was the speaker in?","answer":"Shock"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely.","You know, like, what are some of the other barbecue don'ts that come up when all of you all get together?","I think hovering is a big one, people who want to jump on the grill before they've been invited to, people who think they're helping out by bringing a side of beef that they figure you have room on the grill to just add that into your menu, any kind of, you know, presumptuous guests.","What about some barbecue do's?Are there some do's that you wish people would do that they perhaps don't think to do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is criticizing guests who overstep their boundaries during barbecues","questions":"Which turn indicates PersonA's opinion on guests who bring their own food to the barbecue?","answer":"Presumptuous"}
{"text":["I think my career - had before this was 48, and I thought I had a pretty good game in that game. But it turns out it didn't even come close to this one.","I've read you just came from a weekend tournament where you went 11-41 in two games; from the depths to the heights.","Yeah. Yeah. I had a pretty poor shooting weekend. So coming into this game, my coaches and my teammates really wanted to get me going a little bit offensively to get my confidence up before we head into conference play.","And get your confidence up, you made, I think - what was it?More than 50 shots."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"from the depths to the heights\" is an expression used figuratively to describe a significant improvement or progress, rather than literally referring to a physical location or elevation.","questions":"What phrase did PersonB use to describe the improvement in PersonA's performance?","answer":"depths"}
{"text":["All over. I was just meeting with a friend. I had served at the U. S.  Embassy in Mexico. She's here with a group of students and professors. I have just met recently a TV crew from Romania. Another one has come in from Serbia. And, of course, of special note, a number of journalists have come in from Kenya, where there's a very very big interest, obviously, for the roots of the candidate Senator Obama.","Well, tell us, what's drawing the other journalists?What is it that they're so fascinated by?","I think it goes back probably to the caucuses in Iowa in January, and it's just grown. Clearly, as the enthusiasm in the United States has grown, I think a lot of them are focusing on the young people so involved, but in general, the U. S.  public so involved in these elections and in these campaigns. And I think, in part, it is, the U. S.  does remain a certain kind of example in terms of democracy.","Well, I mean, is it fair to say that, were Barack Obama not in this race, there wouldn't be as much interest?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The other journalists are fascinated by the reason behind the interest in the candidate Senator Obama.","questions":"Which reason?","answer":"Reason"}
{"text":["So, there's a whole big huge chasm which some of us live in part of the time at least, where where's this music?Where is the new soul music?Where are the people that are writing the classics that are going to be around in 20 years, and 30 years, and 40 years?","Well, in addition to your own songs, you have sung other folks' work. And in 2004, you sang on a tribute album for Luther Vandross. Here's a little bit of \"Forever, For Always, For Love. \"","(Singing) Do you remember The love that we once had?Well, if I had the chance to love you again, I'd make your heart forget I was ever there\u00c9","I still miss him."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : You sang tribute songs instead of creating new ones.","questions":"How did PersonA contribute to Luther Vandross?","answer":"Tribute"}
{"text":["Anna Sommer Schneider is a professor of Jewish civilization at Georgetown. This past week, the country's president signed a law that would punish anyone who suggests Poland was complicit in the Holocaust. Critics, including Israel and the U. S.  State Department, say the law will stifle discussion about those atrocities and cover up the role of Poles who killed or denounced Jews during World War II. For Schneider, this debate is personal. In 1977, she was born in the same town as Poland's most infamous concentration camp.","Despite the fact that I was born and raised literally in the shadows of the gas chambers, there was very little information available for me at that time - what Auschwitz really was.","Auschwitz was a taboo topic in her family. And the word Holocaust was not widely used in communist Poland. But as Schneider grew older, she wanted to learn more about what had happened during the war. She got her Ph. D.  in Jewish studies, eventually converted to Judaism. And for the last two decades, she's given tours of Auschwitz. She tells me even today, people see Jews in Poland as others, highlighting a long history of anti-Semitism in the country.","When we teach about Holocaust in Polish classrooms today, we often talk about Jews as strangers who lived in our country."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Jews are still seen as outsiders in Poland due to a history of anti-Semitism.","questions":"How are Jews seen in Poland?","answer":"Outsiders"}
{"text":["Well, certainly in some cases in expensive cities still need some help but much less help. On a minimum wage of $12 an hour, a couple - two full-time minimum wage workers - would earn $50,000 a year. That certainly doesn't make you affluent, it doesn't make you rich, but you can get by reasonably well on $50,000 a year.","And you don't think jobs will leave the state?","Some jobs, but probably a lot fewer than most people think. There have actually been a lot of recent studies in the last five or 10 years that have turned around the economic sentiment on this issue. In most cases, in nearly all cases, the jobs we're talking about for these workers are in the low-wage service sector. They're non-tradable. They're not subject to foreign competition. They can't be outsourced. Those jobs are exactly the sort of jobs where the employers would simply pass along the extra costs to the consumer. They'd raise prices and keep their workers at a much higher paycheck. Furthermore, the price rises we're talking about are very much smaller than most people would realize. Wal-Mart is America's largest low-wage employer. Three hundred thousand Wal-Mart workers average about $9 an hour. All Wal-Mart would have to do to cover a $12 minimum wage is raise their prices by 1. 1 percent one time. The average Wal-Mart shopper would pay only an extra $12. 50 per year. People wouldn't even notice the price hike.","Well, if the goal is to lift low-wage workers above the poverty level, is $12 an hour really enough?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Will the employers have to bear the cost of the minimum wage increase?","questions":"What sector are the low-wage jobs being referred to in turn 2?","answer":"Low-wage"}
{"text":["First week of the season, a young boy - he has the ball over his head. He's ready to make the throw-in. And a spectator on the sideline puts her hands on the child's shoulders, spins him around so he'd be redirecting the ball to a different player. So I blew my whistle. And I said - is this your child?And she said, no, this is not my child. So I explained to her, I said, you can never, ever, ever, ever touch a player.","So this was a cry for civility, not I'm sick and tired and can't take it anymore?","That's correct. This is a cry for civility. This is a plea for everyone to join me and everyone else who believes that we can have a fun, fair and safe experience in which sanity is expressed on the sideline.","Well, it sounds that you're complaining less that your feelings were hurt than the youngsters might be getting a very bad example of what it is to be an adult."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : That's correct. This is a cry for civility. This is a plea for everyone to join me and everyone else who believes that we can have a fun, fair and safe experience in which sanity is expressed on the sideline.","questions":"What is the plea in the dialogue for?","answer":"Sanity"}
{"text":["You've been working, as we mentioned, on the Voyager mission since its genesis. What has kept you with this program all that time?","Voyager - well, Voyager is science. Science is about discovering things, about understanding what's around - what our neighborhood is like, what the universe is like. So as a scientist, this has been a wonderful journey because, especially during the encounters with the giant planets, every day there were a flood of discoveries. Next day - more discoveries. So as a scientist, this has been an incredibly wonderful mission to have been on. And even today at great distances, Voyager is still doing things no spacecraft has done before and still presenting us with puzzles that we are trying to sort through.","They are still on a voyage. Where are they now?","Well, this was a mission - we had a four-year mission to Jupiter and Saturn. We had two spacecrafts so that we would have a high probability of at least one succeeding on its four-year journey to Saturn and, of course, both have succeeded and exceeded by a great amount."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Voyager is science.\" - actual meaning: Voyager is a scientific mission that involves discovering and understanding the universe.","questions":"What is the purpose of the Voyager mission?","answer":"Discovering"}
{"text":["So they're easy to identify, too.","I wish they were even easier. . .","But at least we can, and that's I think going to be really good. And that leads to this, you know, kind of futuristic way where you could put a little nanochip in the blood for people who are at risk of heart attacks, and then it could constantly have the blood under surveillance of these cells and then send a signal to one's cell phone, a heart attack app, which you would get the alert that, you know, something's brewing over the next several days.","Yeah, maybe a Facebook update, too."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"maybe a Facebook update\" implies a ridicule of A's statement.","questions":"Which statement in the dialogue implies mockery?","answer":"Ridicule"}
{"text":["Yeah. So the brain obviously is functioning at a much higher level, but we should understand that the brain alone is not causing the weight loss. The brain's metabolism is causing for different reaction to occur in your body, like increased stress, like loss of appetite, like disturbed sleep patterns. And because of all of these different factors that the brain is setting off - that is the reason they're losing weight.","I want to talk about world champion Magnus Carlsen from Norway. You learned about his training regimen. Tell me about the moment he realized that he needed a competitive edge and what he did to get it.","Yeah. So it's interesting with Magnus Carlsen - he realized early on that fixing small things, like what he drinks during the course of a game, will alter the way he functions, especially in the last hour or so of the game. And so one of the things that was really fascinating about this was when I was talking to his dad. His dad was like, oh, we went to the Olympic Training Center. And they were told immediately that the orange juice that he was drinking was causing for the sugar levels to take a huge dip in the fifth and sixth hours of game. And so they were asked to replace that with milk.","Meaning he'd have a little energy crash. So the idea is you need to keep yourself sustained with something that gives you energy but won't have the crash and that you need to do that even if you're not skiing, right. . .","Exactly. Exactly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the sugar levels to take a huge dip implies that his sugar levels decreased dramatically","questions":"What caused Magnus Carlsen's energy crash?","answer":"Orange-juice"}
{"text":["Reptilian, exactly, and now we know that many species of dinosaurs had feathers or simple filaments that seem to be feather precursors in some cases.","Do your findings come from the relatively recent discovery that some dinosaurs had feathers?Is this sort of, like, the next step?","We are sort of taking the next. In the last 10 years, we've discovered that we can gain insight into the colors of dinosaurs and how they may have used visual signals in important contexts. And so what we wanted to ask is, can we gain insight into the vocal communication that extinct dinosaurs might have had?","Well, so what's next for you in your research?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The discoveries made in the last 10 years provide a new opportunity to understand the communication of extinct dinosaurs.","questions":"Which aspect of dinosaur research has opened up a new opportunity for understanding extinct dinosaur communication?","answer":"discoveries"}
{"text":["How did she describe it?","It happened to be a beautiful day when she posted this picture, but you see rubble side by side with, you know, people doing their shopping, people just going about their business, school kids returning to school. It's surreal.","So there's the physical scars of this conflict, but what about the other one that you mentioned, which is justice?Will there be justice for anyone who committed atrocities?There's so much evidence of the chemical attacks, the murders, the torture, the disappearances. What happens to that?","There are some bright spots of hope - the fact that we saw - that we're starting to see indictments in European courts. You know, interestingly enough, a lot of people who were perpetrators of some of the worst crimes inside Syria, whether they did it in the name of the regime or in the name of an opposition, have found themselves in Europe and, therefore, sort of subject to European justice because other Syrians have recognized them. Other Syrians have identified them. And there might be hopes that there can be an accountability in that sense.","But I think inside Syria, you know, the actual architects of most of this - of this incredible disaster still remain at large. And not only at large or in power, but about to potentially be incredibly enriched by the reconstruction that, in theory, is coming to Syria.","So what do you think the road ahead looks like for Syria?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : They did not actually build something physical, they created the situation of the disaster.","questions":"How did the disaster come about in Syria?","answer":"described"}
{"text":["I think that's true.","Yeah. I mean, what do you see in your practice, in your work?Since you are counseling people, do you see people who have kind of, like, these cross addictions that intersect with the technology?","Yeah. We have an outpatient program called No More Secrets, which is for sex addicts, and these sex addicts all are using the Internet to play out their addiction. And there are many people who are really joining their ranks just because of the availability now of pornography through, you know, their online connection.","So, I think it's - I think more people are getting hooked on activities that they might avoid if it was not so accessible. And gambling certainly is part of it, the chatting, video gaming, pornography, all of these things that are - online shopping would be another one. These things are made so easy by the availability, accessibility, anonymity of the experience, that I think more and more people are drawn in, and people who might not be drawn in to overindulging, if it were not for the Internet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The availability of technology is causing more people to become addicted to activities they might avoid.","questions":"How is technology affecting people's addictive behaviors?","answer":"Increasing"}
{"text":["The auto industry is perhaps the most prevalent of family businesses in Michigan. It's not uncommon for several generations of a family to work with the same carmaker. Alex Marinica is a junior at Wayne State University in Detroit. His father spent 20 years working for Chrysler. Alex, your dad recently took a buyout from Chrysler. What was behind his decision?","Well, I mean, obviously, it was a very hard decision to make. He'd been at the company for many, many years, and he really, really love working there. He thought maybe it was time to move on to some other things.","If you don't mind my asking about your career aspirations. . .","Sure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Alex's father took a buyout from Chrysler despite his love for working there, indicating that the company was likely going through a difficult period. (Literal meaning: Alex's father left Chrysler simply because he wanted to try something new.)","questions":"Which company did Alex's father take a buyout from?","answer":"Chrysler"}
{"text":["Yes.",". . . He did in a helicopter crash in 2005. A lot of people loved John Garang, a lot of people didn't. Do you have to worry about that when you design currency?","Absolutely. And in my visit there, he was universally respected, if not loved. He was really the only national hero they could agree to. So he actually appears on all denominations of the money. So he's the only really unifying hero of South Sudan.","What about other symbols that you have to include?","So there's the flag. The flag is a carryover from the People's Liberation Army, so that was an easy symbol. So it's a six color flag that people really used during the second civil war, and it's a natural rallying point. So that's their symbol. And when you're a new nation, you're defining your sort of, like, territory. So this, like, updating of signs was really a big deal, so they made banners and they made these sort of, like, 10 signs to say South Sudan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone and word choice suggest that they may be withholding information or expressing something indirectly, potentially due to fear of judgement or repercussions.","questions":"Which turn may suggest that the speaker is not being completely forthcoming?","answer":"Turn1"}
{"text":["In The New Yorker piece, you were quoted as saying, he's like a velociraptor. He has to be boss. And if you don't show him deference, he kills you.","It's true. It was an impression that I had. And I - that just of somebody who was very aware of his own power and very conscious of any potential threat.","You've been a diplomat for decades, and you've worked through both Republican and Democratic administrations. How is foreign policy, briefly, normally conducted in those administrations?How does the United States normally find consensus for how it deals with other countries?","Yeah, that's a really great question. And, you know, part of that is why you have so many senior people like me leaving the Department of State. This is not about a foreign service or a career diplomatic corps that feels that it must have the final say on all things. The State Department and the career foreign service are enormously patriotic. We are apolitical. We serve the president. We sign an oath that says that we will serve unconditionally the president and implement his or, in some future, her foreign policy. But we are involved. And our involvement is our value added. We live and work overseas. We speak languages. We tend to develop years of expertise if not in regions, then on specific thematic issues."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being like a velociraptor means that the person is dangerous and threatening.","questions":"What animal was used as a metaphor to describe a person in the dialogue?","answer":"Velociraptor"}
{"text":["Why do cockroaches flip over on their backsides when they die?","But I understand now, when it comes to answering the question of the year, you're not going to go with that one. Why not?","This happens every year. Readers write in and point out that some of the questions on our list have been answered elsewhere on the Web. It turned out this year that our top three vote-getters have all been answered elsewhere. So we had to default to question number four.","And what is that question?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : We had to settle for the fourth question because the top three questions have already been answered elsewhere.","questions":"Which question did they have to default to?","answer":"Four"}
{"text":["No, I'm glad to include them. Is it possible Italy will leave the eurozone, or is that just talk?","It's just talk. It's impossible. Do you remember the Eagles?This one I'm not getting that wrong because the Eagles is as important - \"Hotel California. \"","Sure.","You can always check out, but you can never leave. That's it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Italy leaving the eurozone is not a realistic possibility","questions":"What is the likelihood of Italy leaving the eurozone?","answer":"Unrealistic"}
{"text":["Well, experts and the public are very divided about this matter, as they are on the whole issue of nuclear power in Japan. Critics point out that a lot of the technology for removing the melted reactor cores and stopping radioactive water from going to the sea is still untested. TEPCO emphasized to me that they have multiple contingency plans in place to deal with every possible scenario. And they say they're making progress. At the same time, they admit that none of this is 100 percent risk-free.","Anthony, may I ask, how are you?","I feel good enough. I don't feel eradiated. I was wrapped from head to toe in protective gear, including three layers of gloves, a suit, a face mask, a respirator and a dosimeter, which measures radiation. It was uncomfortable, but I was only in there for a couple of hours. And then I came out. They scanned me numerous times. And at the end of the day, TEPCO's judgment was that I had absorbed about as much radiation as a chest X-ray. But who's to say?","NPR's Anthony Kuhn in Tokyo. Thanks so much for being with us, Anthony."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"I feel good enough. I don't feel irradiated.\" Implicated Meaning: The speaker states that they feel physically fine and unaffected by radiation exposure, implying that they may not be fully aware of the potential long-term effects or the accuracy of the assessment.","questions":"What was the speaker wearing during their exposure to radiation?","answer":"Suit"}
{"text":["So - but they did these kits, which also are - each one of them is a box that contain a lot of evidence that could be tested. And so yes, we have a problem in this country with rape culture. You see that going on right now. It's never been more evident than it is now - rape culture, sexual harassment culture, all of that.","And so training was also needed. Back then, when we first started, we had found police reports in some files that we pulled where police officers were writing very disparaging things about our victims - not believing them, dismissing their cases, not bothering to work on them. And so that was a part of it as well - not just the neglect, not just no money but just active rape culture in play, where they just did not care.","Based on your expertise, this is happening in a number of cities and counties. Isn't it?","Yeah. There are estimated to be over 400,000 untested abandoned rape kits in this country. And I don't know if you're familiar with Michigan Stadium right here in our state. It seats over 100,000 people. When I tell people that the amount of untested kits in this country that they're estimated to be - you can fill up the biggest college or national football stadium in the country four times. And that's if each kit represents a victim - which it does - and you think of game day at Michigan Stadium four times over, that's how many we have in this country. And that's probably a conservative estimate. It is absolutely horrible. And hopefully, it is changing, albeit very slowly."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Police officers have been dismissive and neglectful towards rape victims.","questions":"What were some of the disparaging things that police officers wrote about rape victims?","answer":"Disparaging"}
{"text":["That is actually perfect. Holiday's sauce.","As opposed to hollandaise. Right, yeah.","And never regions instead of nether regions.","(Laughter). I don't - I mean, you're the only one who can say nether regions on the air. Mark Memmott, NPR's supervising senior editor for Standards & Practices. You can send him your favorite eggcorns, make up new ones at Word Matters at npr. org. Mark, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B's laughter after A's statement \"And never regions instead of nether regions\" is not because the statement is funny in itself, but because A used the wrong word (\"regions\" instead of \"regions\"). This mistake is called an \"eggcorn,\" which is a term used to describe when someone substitutes a similar-sounding word for the correct one. B then mentions that only A can get away with using a term like \"nether regions\" on air.","questions":"How did PersonA use the wrong word?","answer":"Word"}
{"text":["I don't really describe myself. I don't have a - I don't label myself really. I've done some interviewing in the past and just, you know, strike up a general conversation with people usually in sort of a casual environment. And for some reason, usually, people will talk to me.","And I have to say, you've got great researching skills. I read that you even dug up Carter Page's undergrad thesis, and you spoke with his U. S. Naval Academy thesis adviser. That's amazing. Why did you do that, and how did you go that deep?","I don't know. I just - I have a curiosity about this whole situation, and I really wanted to get to the bottom of it. So I - you know, the easiest way to say it is no stone left unturned.","You say, you know, you want to contribute to the investigation, but how are you different than a journalist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"dug up\" - This implies that the speaker did extensive research and found information that was not easily accessible.","questions":"What did the speaker do with Carter Page's undergrad thesis?","answer":"Researched"}
{"text":["China's been the fastest-growing major economy in the world for decades. That growth is slowing now. Last month's devaluation of China's currency shook global trading markets. And this week, Treasury Secretary Jack Lew said the U. S.  will hold China accountable for exchange rate fluctuations that caused the recent stock market plunge. But the numbers from China's state-controlled economy are always a little suspect. NPR's Frank Langfitt is traveling in western China to see what the real economy looks like outside of Shanghai. Frank, thanks for being with us.","Good morning, Scott.","And tell us where you are and what you're seeing, please.","Well, I'm in this place called Luliang. It's a city of three to four million, very large area, and it's coal country. There are mountains. There are factories. It's kind of a little like China's Appalachia in a way, except a big difference is until recently, the place was really booming. If you went back to 2010, GDP here was 21 percent. It was enormous. Last year, the place went into recession and was down actually 2 percent. And basically, the last couple days I've been driving all over the area, and the economy here is really a mess."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is that the speaker is physically located in Luliang, a city in China's coal country, and is observing the area's economy. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is reporting on the current state of China's economy outside of Shanghai,","questions":"Which city is the speaker located in?","answer":"Luliang"}
{"text":["Let's clear this up immediately: blonde, lithe, the initials V. P. So, is Vanessa Pierson Valerie Plame?","The great thing about fiction is that you can fix things and make things better. I think Vanessa is a smarter version of where I was. And it's definitely informed by my experiences in the CIA.","Well, that raises another question. So, did you take some top-secret operation and just thinly fictionalize it to this book and, you know, are. . .",". . . are there Russian agents reading this now and saying, oh, this is what we were looking for?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Well, that raises another question.So, did you take some top-secret operation and just thinly fictionalize it to this book and, you know, are... The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking if the author took a real, top-secret operation and used it as the basis of their fictional book, and whether it might be recognizable to Russian agents.","questions":"What is the speaker questioning about the author's book?","answer":"Vanessa"}
{"text":["So, what do you think is the possibility that Secretary Kerry can accomplish something?What do you think would look like success to him in nine months?","Success, obviously, would be in the form of an agreement reached. And I think that to do so, Secretary Kerry is going to have to enlist the support, the proactive support, of the White House. That is the missing formula so far. Whereas the White House, of course, has offered its generous support, no agreement between the Palestinians and the Israelis have been possible. If it involved only the efforts of the State Department and did not invoke at some stage the active participation of the White House, of the U. S.  president himself, what looks to be the case, is that the White House feels that this has a very small chance of success and therefore has given the secretary some general form of support that the parties in the region do not see as enough to sort of push them into an agreement that has that support.","Marwan Muasher oversees research on the Middle East at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of (3) is that Marwan Muasher is a respected expert on the Middle East and his opinion is valued","questions":"What organization does Marwan Muasher work for?","answer":"Carnegie"}
{"text":["Thank you. How are you?","I'm pretty good. Thank you. You must be stuck like glue on this, but, you know, you've played in three World Cups, including one of the wins for the U. S.  team in 1999. How would you describe what it's like to be out there on that field in that final game?","It's exhilarating, to be honest with you. And it's really interesting for me to watch on TV because on the game days, I feel similar to how I used to feel when I played just because I really still feel a kinship and a connection to the current team, even though it's been many years since I played. But I feel we're all connected and inspired by each other.","Well, what are your thoughts on this current team?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The person must be watching every moment and every detail of the games.","questions":"Which game?","answer":"Final"}
{"text":["Well, you know, performance is really one of making sure you understand and document what's expected of you in your given role. One of the mistakes I see many professionals make, minority or otherwise, is they don't document and understand really what's expected of them.","And so they go throughout the whole year performing at what they may thing is the optimum level, only to get to the end of the year and find out that they've missed a mark. They're not doing one-on-ones or meetings quarterly or monthly with their manager, and so it's really important that if, you're going to track your performance that you understand what's expected, but more importantly that you follow up to make sure that you're on course.","Now, you have these performance evaluations in some cases, and is that a 100 percent of your success?How much are we talking about?","Yeah, I'm a big believer that success in corporate America, that performance really accounts for 50 percent of that. And what I mean by that is if you go back to childhood, most of what we were taught as children was you are rewarded based on how well you performed."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"I'm a big believer that success in corporate America, that performance really accounts for 50 percent of that\" - The literal meaning is that performance is half of what determines success, but the actual meaning is that performance is important, but not the only factor, in determining success.","questions":"What percentage of success does performance account for according to A?","answer":"Performance"}
{"text":["I want to talk a little bit about the words that are used to describe wine. You know, normally we hear things like dry, oaky, buttery - I kind of understand what those mean. But sommeliers have a much more creative way of describing tasting notes that you might not hear in a restaurant.","Well, you get everything from the more straightforward fruits and vegetables. So it could be pomegranate, raspberry, blackberry, apple, pear, lemon. They can also range to the far more imaginative. There were times where I was sitting in a tasting group and I thought that I was hearing someone read from a Wiccan book of love spells.","(Laughter).","Burnt hair, desiccated strawberry, armpit, you know (laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  where the speaker uses words that are not typically associated with wine tasting, such as \"burnt hair,\" \"desiccated strawberry,\" and \"armpit,\" to describe the taste of wine. The implied meaning is that sommeliers use highly imaginative and unconventional ways to describe the taste of wine, which may not be easily understandable to the average person.","questions":"What are some unconventional words used by the speaker to describe the taste of wine?","answer":"Unconventional"}
{"text":["So these are two guys who get along really well, who see eye-to-eye on a lot of issues, and who are already just starting to generate a lot of enthusiasm that was, frankly, kind of lacking in parts of the Republican Party.","Do you know how this decision was made, why Mr.  Romney was so silent for so long and then finally said, OK, it's Paul Ryan?","Well, that's the way it typically works. But we do know that he was, up to the last minute, vetting a few possible options. And interestingly, these options are sort of often divided into two categories: The safe which is Tim Pawlenty of Minnesota, Rob Portman of Ohio, and then the bold, which might be Marco Rubio of Florida, Chris Christie of New Jersey. And Paul Ryan of Wisconsin is sort of in that bold category.","But, you know, the opposite of safe is bold. The opposite of safe can also be risky. And as excited as parts of the Republican base are about Paul Ryan, parts of the Democratic base are also really excited about being (technical difficulties) Romney, through proposals that Paul Ryan is made in the House that have been very controversial.","So he may add a little pizzazz to this campaign on both sides."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : To \"add a little pizzazz to this campaign on both sides\" means to make the campaign more interesting and engaging for both the Republican and Democratic parties.","questions":"What does the phrase \"add a little pizzazz\" mean?","answer":"Make"}
{"text":["Look. I think there is a very, very big leap between candidate Trump in 2016 saying, Russia, if you can hear this, show us the emails, and President Trump using his awesome powers to coerce a foreign government into interfering in our elections. You know, his defense to the Mueller report was that, yeah, Russia may have interfered but that he had nothing to do with it. If this story is true, here we have the president trying to force a foreign government to work with him against his political opponent in the United States. That's beyond unacceptable.","And you say, if it's true. . .","And yes, impeachable.","You say, if it's true, what powers does the House have to try to corroborate this claim?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Forcing a foreign government to work as per your choice is unacceptable","questions":"What was the defense of President Trump in the Mueller report?","answer":"Nothing"}
{"text":["Well. . .","UNIDENTIFIED MAN #3: What differences when this occured?","Would it be the safest places to be like I mentioned before?","It would certainly be the safest place to be, and it would actually feel much like a joyride. The difference is that you're not necessarily planning on it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is suggesting that the situation might not be as serious or dangerous as it initially seemed.","questions":"What is the tone of the speaker in turn 3?","answer":"Neutral"}
{"text":["Good to talk to you.","How important an event was this that Mr.  Kim missed?","It was a very important event. It's an event in a mausoleum where his father, previously ruler of North Korea is buried, interred, and so is his grandfather, the founding leader of North Korea. So it was a big deal. Kim Jong Un has not been seen since September 3, when he attended a concert in Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea, with his wife.","Before that, he'd been seen frequently, but always waddling with a really bad limp. He was clearly in discomfort, and finally the North Korean authorities said he is in physical discomfort. So there's something up. We don't quite know what. The speculation is he's had surgery, he's ill, ranging right through to there's been a coup, and he's lost power or certainly being shunted away from power. That's the speculation.","Now, we're talking about somebody who - as my recollection is - he's on television every two minutes. So this must be a tremendous vacuum in the lives of North Koreans."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies that Kim Jong Un is either ill or has lost power, ","questions":"Which word describes the speculation about Kim Jong Un's condition or situation?","answer":"Coup\/Illness"}
{"text":["It's 2075, and America has been beset by flooding linked to climate change. The president has banned the use of fossil fuels. The southern states have broken away looking to protect the coal mining industry, and a rabid civil war is taking place. Omar El Akkad joins us now to talk about the dystopian world he created in his new book \"American War\" and what inspired it. Welcome to the program.","Thanks for having me.","The main character of the book is a young girl. Her name is Sarat Chesnut. She lives in Louisiana in what is known in the book as the free southern state. Who is she at the beginning of the novel?","She - of all the characters I've written, she's the only one who came to me sort of fully formed. At the start of the book, she's six years old. And to me, she's sort of this very curious, trusting, defiant young girl whose chief attribute is this kind of rebellion against unknowing. She wants to know as much as possible. And the central arc of the book is essentially her life and how her desire to know - her curiosity is sort of used against her during this war."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: She - of all the characters I've written, she's the only one who came to me sort of fully formed. At the start of the book, she's six years old. And to me, she's sort of this very curious, trusting, defiant young girl whose chief attribute is this kind of rebellion against unknowing. She wants to know as much as possible. And the central arc of the book is essentially her life and how her desire to know - her curiosity is sort of used against her during this war.","questions":"How would you describe Sarat's personality at the beginning of the book?","answer":"Curious"}
{"text":["Right.","You know, she said, he's sort of Ralph Lauren type. Do you like that type?And here I am thinking, like, God, no.","What did she ask you to do?","She didn't tell me to do anything. She just said, just do whatever he asks, and you'll be fine. And again, that's another comment that was made as we were leaving the car as we walked into the house that didn't land right away. But obviously, in hindsight now, that - the comment, you know, landed pretty hard with me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The comment made by 'she' had a significant impact on A","questions":"Which comment had an impact on A?","answer":"Comment"}
{"text":["Are there any good reasons to use this?","There is a separate group here working on storing data in DNA. It turns out that DNA is really robust for long-term storage, whereas, you know, hard drives may die after a few years. You can conceivably store data in DNA for hundreds or thousands of years. And as long as life continues to be based on DNA, we'll always have a reason to read and write DNA. So it's sort of a technology that won't go obsolete.","So, I mean, we underscored the aspect of some kind of mischief or outright miscreants. But I wonder, you know, a few years from now, instead of having hard drives or storage systems, will people just carry around that information in themselves, in their DNA?","I'm not sure that people will carry around that information within them. But I do believe people will start using DNA for sort of long-term storage. So accessing data from DNA and putting data into DNA is a pretty slow process. And so you'll want to, you know, archive photos in there and things like that. But you won't want to use it for your day-to-day tasks, at least not for the foreseeable future."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is hinting at the possibility of using DNA as a storage system for personal data in the future, instead of relying on hard drives and other storage systems.","questions":"What technology is the speaker suggesting won't go obsolete in the future?","answer":"DNA"}
{"text":["We were both going after a kind of Everest. It's something big and difficult, dangerous for sure. The tribes were known to shoot at anyone who came into their area. On top of that, you've got to evade the Indian authorities who put them under protection. Plus, China has claimed that area, so there's a high military presence there. So the whole thing, if you're young and adventurous, it's kind of fantastic.","Tell me about John Allen Chau specifically and his motivations and what drove him and what surprised you about where he came from.","There's a number of different things. John was a huge outdoorsman, very capable. And he was particularly a kind of solo adventurer, did a lot of solo hikes for days at a time. And that actually turns out to be - in the missionary world, there's a kind of extreme sports end of the missionary world. It's all bro and dude and legit and hey and high-fives and scaling down cliffs to meet an uncontacted tribe. Very often, I've got to say, that story - the story that they're all trying to tell - is of the solo adventurer going into the jungle and finding the lost tribe.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : what drove him in this context means what inspired or motivated him","questions":"How was John Allen Chau described in the context of the missionary world?","answer":"outdoorsman"}
{"text":["The other time that I have spoken with Sandy actually happened last September. I had started a media campaign on behalf of Sandy, and on the 23rd of September, the U. S.  consul met with Sandy, showed Sandy screenshots of the website, showed her, you know, some of the articles that had been written. And Sandy was very supportive of the media campaign, very thankful for what we were doing for her and asked us to keep it up.","Now, on the very next day, on the 24 of September, I got a call from Sandy clearly terrified, clearly had been threatened and, you know, had been told that she needed to get me to stop the media campaign or she was going to be losing access to her medicine, losing access to a doctor, you know, losing her consular visits. Well, my wife has lots of medical problems. She's got seven prescription medicines she takes a day, and, really, to threaten to take away her medicine is just not much different than threatening to kill her.","When Sandy asked me to stop, she didn't just ask me to stop. She begged with me to tell the people who were in the room with me that you will stop the media campaign. She was surrounded by a bunch of very scary people from China's state security, and she was clearly terrified. I was clearly terrified for her.","President Obama is going to be there this weekend. Do you want him to say something?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4). While the literal meaning of the turn is that President Obama will be somewhere, the actual meaning is unclear without further context. It is possible that the speaker is asking whether the person they are speaking to wants President Obama to make a statement or take action regarding Sandy's situation, but this is not explicitly stated.","questions":"Which turn is described as having an unclear actual meaning without further context?","answer":"Ambiguous"}
{"text":["Another major story that might have been overlooked in a busy week - North Korea said this week it won't denuclearize until U. S.  withdraws forces from South Korea and Japan. Do you have. . .","That has. . .","Yes, go ahead.","I'm sorry. I was just going to say that has been North Korea's position forever. Their view of denuclearization is that they give up their nuclear weapons when the United States gives up its nuclear weapons. We haven't had nuclear weapons stationed in South Korea since 1992. That's not what the North Koreans are talking about. And if the president had actually had listened to North Korean experts, proliferation experts, he would have understood that when the North Koreans were agreeing to complete denuclearization, that meant the U. S.  denuclearizing, too."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The North Korean definition of denuclearization is different from the US definition.","questions":"What is North Korea's definition of denuclearization?","answer":"North-Korea"}
{"text":["Well, as you might imagine, there are a variety of courses of action that the Department of Defense, specifically the commanders in Central Command, have provided to the president and the National Security staff. And they will take a look at those and put those in context vis-a-vis the diplomatic and political actions that are also occurring as this is going on and determine one or another. And they run the entire gamut from, you know, a non-lethal response to more lethal actions. . .","To forceful military response, right.","Yeah, taking out the service to air missile systems that are in the vicinity. Some of. . .","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There are multiple options for military action, and the president will choose one after considering diplomatic and political actions.","questions":"How will the president determine the military action?","answer":"Context"}
{"text":["Well, there's no secret about this. The chief justice has been very clear. He doesn't want the court to be seen as a partisan institution. The other members of the court, both liberal and conservative, go around saying that this isn't a partisan institution at all. That's the message they want to convey, which is sort of hard at the moment.","But is that possible in this day and age, when we know by their - in their own account, conservative Republicans have tried to win elections so they can win Supreme Court appointments and you have several Democrats running for president now on the issue of enlarging the court?","You know, I wish I knew whether it's even possible anymore to have a Supreme Court that doesn't look partisan. I had always thought you really could. But if you look at the two cases before the court that are overtly partisan, the gerrymandering case and the census case, both would structurally allow Republicans to entrench their power even more than they have in the last decade or two. And I think it gets harder to sell the court as an apolitical institution, which is, as I said, what every member of the Supreme Court still tries to do.","You know, I interviewed Justice Stevens about a month and a half ago for a piece about his new book. And even he, a lifetime Republican, although deemed a Liberal on the court, appointed by President Ford, said it was hard for him to see the current court as apolitical. He said he still has hope, and so do I, but it's difficult."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Supreme Court is perceived as a partisan institution despite their efforts to appear apolitical.","questions":"What is the message the other members of the court want to convey?","answer":"Apolitical"}
{"text":["And the president did a victory dance in the end zone on Twitter after he was fired. He said Andrew McCabe being fired is a great day. He said he knew all about the lies and corruption going on at the highest levels of the FBI. Then what happened was even more significant because the president's private lawyer John Dowd released a statement saying that now that McCabe has been fired, he hopes that acting Attorney General Rosenstein will follow Jeff Sessions' lead and bring an end to the Mueller investigation. Now, at first, Dowd said he was speaking for the president when he issued this statement. Later, he backtracked, although it doesn't really matter.","Yeah. It's not news, though, that the president hates the Mueller probe. He's been pretty vocal about that on Twitter. Why is his lawyer statement so important?","It's important because it's a change in the legal strategy. Up until now, Donald Trump has always stopped short of saying something that could be perceived as an order to Rod Rosenstein to fire Mueller. He's always said, no, I'm not going to fire him. He's even said he looks forward to talking to him. Now it looks like they're opening a new phase, openly calling on the Department of Justice to shut down the Mueller investigation.","The Democrats have been pretty vocal. I've been seeing a lot of their reaction. Do we know what the Republicans in Congress have been saying or doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : President's victory dance is not an actual dance.2. President is happy about Andrew McCabe's firing.3. President's lawyer is asking for Mueller investigation to be shut down.4. President has been vocal on Twitter about his dislike for Mueller investigation.5. President has not given an order to Rod Rosenstein to fire Mueller before.","questions":"What was the change in legal strategy regarding the Mueller investigation?","answer":"Strategy"}
{"text":["And I gather these are specialists, not just regular line firefighters.","Yeah, that's correct. We send - they usually run out of incident management team people, so the teams of planning officers and operation officers and incident managers who actually organize and manage the battle against the fire but also aviation specialists and fire-behavior-type specialists. So they are the type of people that they need and run out of when they've got, you know, the fire activity that they see this summer.","Are the Australian, American and Canadian approaches to firefighting sufficiently similar that you can swap personnel like that?","Well, they certainly are. And we've been swapping personnel particularly with United States since the year 2000. So we've done quite a few deployments from Australia to the U. S.  and Canada. And we've also had Canadian and U. S.  folks come across to Southern Australia and help us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: The specialist personnel needed to battle the fires are in high demand and these personnel include aviation specialists and fire-behavior-type specialists. ","questions":"Which specialists are in high demand to battle the fires?","answer":"Fire-behavior-type"}
{"text":["There's been considerable criticism of even this temporary deal in advance - in the U. S.  Congress, as you note; in Israel, in Saudi Arabia. How do we understand the ground of those disagreements?","Well, on paper a lot of the criticism seems overblown. I mean, it's more an argument about unintended consequences. As the Obama administration describes this package, the relief is just a fraction of what Iran is going to continue to lose over the next six months, if there is a deal. In the oil sector alone, Iran's losing an estimated $5 billion a month. And officials say there's no way they're going to get $25 billion out of what's on the table here. But the latest argument from the opponents is more psychological. If the international business community senses that there is a trend towards lifting sanctions altogether, there could be some kind of a rush to get in early, start doing business again, beat out the competition. So, if you don't trust Iran, and apparently don't trust the business community either, there is an argument to be made that the value of this sanctions relief could turn out to be higher.","NPR's Peter Kenyon in Geneva. Thank you so much.","You're welcome, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of this turn is to express gratitude for Peter Kenyon's contribution.","questions":"How did PersonA describe the criticism of the temporary deal?","answer":"Overblown"}
{"text":["There's been a lot of death on this mountain over the past couple of years. 2012, six climbers died one day on the summit. In 2013, there was that brawl between some Sherpas and some European climbers. Sixteen people died last year on Everest, and there was the April earthquake. Why would someone want to climb Everest now?","You know, it baffles me, but, you know, this mountain has an inescapable pull for a lot of people. It's been more than four years now since there's been, you know, what would pass for a quiet season on Mount Everest. And each year that I thought that there might be a normal season, it got unimaginably worse, which is just difficult to fathom.","You know, I think that some teams are thinking about going to the North side. Some people are actually, you know, canceling their trips, and people are thinking about other mountains. But for a lot of people, you know, Everest is - it's a mythical kind of place. And for a lot of people, I think it's a lifelong dream that nothing is going to stand between them and the summit.","Grayson Schaffer, Outside Magazine senior editor, speaking with us from Santa Fe. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) In this turn, the speaker says \"this mountain has an inescapable pull for a lot of people\" which means that Mount Everest has a strong attraction that draws many people towards it, despite the danger and risks involved. The literal meaning would be that the mountain physically pulls people towards it, which is not true.","questions":"What is the PersonA's explanation for why some teams are considering going to the North side of the mountain?","answer":"North"}
{"text":["Sometimes you have prosecutors who look at this situation and realize it was just this horrible, tragic mistake. Sometimes you have prosecutors who look at the situation and say, wait a minute, is there something wrong here?Could the parent have been on drugs?Was there some extenuating circumstances that led to this parent's forgetting?And, you know, the people who study this do recommend that prosecutors look into the circumstances of the death. There is always that small chance that the parent somehow was negligent or the parent had even intended to kill the child. But it is a small subset of the number of children that have died in this way, according to the people who study this.","People have invented technologies that would prevent at least some of these deaths. Why aren't they in more common use?","One of the reasons that technologies are not more in use is that nobody thinks that this is going to happen to them. And so they don't pay the extra money that it would take to install an optional technology or pay extra money for some kind of smart car seat that might send out an alert. And that's why the people who advocate for change are asking for legislation to make the installation of this kind of technology mandatory.","Apart from technological innovations, is there anything that a parent listening to this conversation could do to make sure that this doesn't happen to them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : wait a minute usually means they are taken aback by something and need to process it","questions":"Which turn suggests that a prosecutor might suspect extenuating circumstances in cases of child deaths?","answer":"Prosecutor"}
{"text":["These companies have existed before, but there's a lot more from these appraisal management companies. So the lender and mortgage broker has to send the order to them, this middleman, and then they go find an appraiser in your local area to go look at your house.","Now, there's a lot of concerns that these appraisal management companies are not the answer. They are not going to fix this problem. There's not a lot of regulation of these appraisal management companies, so some states are trying to fix that. We don't really know who's getting into this business. Are these the people to be entrusting this doing important job to?","So let's say you're a consumer. Let's say you're a person who's looking to buy a home, sell a home, or you want to refinance. What can you do to make sure you're not dealing with an appraiser who's got other motivations?","Well, first of all, you want to be very direct with your broker or lender and ask them, who is doing the appraisal on my house?You want to know the name of the company. Is it a company that they have a relationship with, a business relationship?Is it a company the lender partly owns?And certainly, you want to get a copy of that appraisal. And certainly, borrowers also have the ability - they can go seek out an independent appraisal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The process of getting an appraisal is now more complicated because there are middlemen involved.","questions":"What is the reason that the process of getting an appraisal has become more complex?","answer":"Middlemen"}
{"text":["On the whole, that - it's been amazing. The volunteers, the support has been amazing. Obviously, there's a small percentage of people who are detractors and don't like the idea at all. But I think most of them are just kind of misinformed on what the status is of the asylum-seekers. And, you know, they want them all to go home, and that's just not possible. But on the whole, it's been really positive.","Well, you mentioned that some residents of your community are curious about the status. I wonder, has Customs and Border Protection told you not just what you're supposed to do with these people but how long you should plan on them being there?","Well, first of all they're - they have a legal U. S.  status, so there's nothing that we're supposed to do with them.","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The asylum-seekers have a legal status, which means the speaker is not responsible for them.","questions":"Which group of people has a legal status?","answer":"Asylum-seekers"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah. Hopefully, you know?So whereas in America, you know, you sort of smoothed the edges and you've just put, you know, you've put makeup on. That's what you've done. We're still in the very, you know, you still see all of our imperfections. Whereas in America you try to put a lot of makeup, but the imperfections are still there. And I find that that's the most interesting thing for me.","The changes that we've seen in South Africa over those 17 years are little short of phenomenal.","Yes. It's been amazing. It was a bloodless revolution, you know, because the difference has been - in America, black people have been fighting for their freedom and for their identity and so on, but as a minority. In South Africa, you had a white majority rule, ruling over \u2014 I mean, this is Africa. This is the home of black. It was the black factory. So I mean this is, you know, it was a very different story and never before has there been a bloodless revolution in Africa.","Is there much of a tradition of comedy in South Africa, particularly tweaking the powers that be?You don't think of John Vorster. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is expressing amazement at the significant changes that have occurred in South Africa over the past 17 years. Implicated meaning: The speaker believes that the changes in South Africa have been remarkable and noteworthy.","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion on the changes in South Africa?","answer":"Remarkable"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Anthony Leiserowitz of the - he's the director of the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication at Yale. How can you follow up with this?Can you keep coming up with new polls so we can follow this?","Oh, absolutely. We'll be doing this at least twice a year and, of course, we have lots of other colleagues around the country that are also surveying on this exact same topics.","And will we know if this does move into the - more into the political discourse as well as the public discourse?","Well, I think we'll see it. I mean, first of all, you can see it in the amount of - number of times that the president talks about this, that candidate Mitt Romney talks about this, as well as across the board. I mean, remember, it's not just the presidential election. There are some Senate races and congressional races all over this country. And what we're seeing is that a lot of people are beginning to ask the question about climate change."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I mean, first of all, you can see it in the amount of - number of times that the president talks about this, that candidate Mitt Romney talks about this, as well as across the board.\" - This turn uses a metaphorical meaning of \"see it\" to refer to observing the frequency of politicians discussing climate change, rather than literally seeing it.","questions":"Which sense is being used metaphorically in turn 3 to refer to observing the frequency of politicians discussing climate change?","answer":"See"}
{"text":["Thank you.","What did you see when you drove through that deep water?What did you do?","It was just devastation everywhere. I mean, it looked like a lake. It looks like a lake in the middle of the neighborhood. You can't even fathom it.","Do you remember some of the people you were able to help?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - The actual meaning is to ask if the individual remembers the people whose lives were positively impacted by their help, rather than asking if the individual remembers helping people.","questions":"What is the purpose of PersonB's question in turn 3?","answer":"Remember"}
{"text":["And what's life like day to day in Fulton now?","Well, it's kind of like Groundhog Day. Every day you get up, it's - you see debris that's been removed on the side the road one day. And you think - well, we've really accomplished something. And the next day, the debris is right back out there again. So mentally, it's affected a lot of people, including myself, seeing all that - just take a hard time to get picked up.","Where are people living and sleeping?","Well, we've got quite a few people that have moved in with other family members. Some houses that have only been destroyed partially - some are completely to the ground. We've still got some living in hotels. We've got some that are living in tents and vehicles. We found out yesterday from our school district that quite a few schoolkids are homeless. You know, 67 percent of the property here has been damaged in some way - or more."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker might be implying a hidden agenda or ulterior motive behind their words, actions, or decisions, without making it explicit.","questions":"How does the PersonA's tone in turn 1 suggest a deeper meaning behind their words?","answer":"Implying"}
{"text":["Well, I think what I heard - and I heard it over the three days - is that the president is not going to let up pressure on Japan, on Prime Minister Abe on trade. Despite the close personal relationship, despite all the pageantry of this visit, it was just at the surface that the president was getting a little irritated with the arguments that Japan has been making on trade.","I think that this is not going to bode well for how this is going to end up. Mr.  Abe doesn't have a lot of latitude to give the president what he wants. But I think they're trying very hard to keep it from bursting the seams, so to speak, on the overall political strategic relationship.","What about on North Korea?As Anthony alluded to there, President Trump contradicted not only his host, the prime minister, but his own national security adviser, John Bolton, on the significance of these recent missile launches from North Korea and whether they violate U. N.  Security Council resolutions. How significant a disagreement is that between Tokyo and Washington?","I think that will be a disappointment for Prime Minister Abe for a couple of reasons. You know, again, President Trump said he was not personally concerned about the tests, still trying to lay out what I think he thinks is the base for a bargain with Kim Jong Un, and that is an economic development strategy by North Koreans that will then mitigate the military challenge."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : President Trump disagrees with both his own national security adviser and Prime Minister Abe on the significance of North Korea's recent missile launches, which could strain the relationship between Tokyo and Washington.","questions":"How could President Trump's stance on North Korea affect the relationship between Tokyo and Washington?","answer":"Strain"}
{"text":["Again, I was a founding chairman. I feel an obligation, and I think, in times like these, we do need the arts to really lift our spirits.","Can you give an example maybe of how a piece of art might fill that goal?A lot of people - just to play devil's advocate - might say, people are losing their homes to foreclosure. What is a piece of art going to do?What would you say?","Well, I think, if one goes to a performance, whether it's a theater, symphony, or museum and sees an exhibition, it lets your mind get away from the economic trauma we're all living in. It lifts our spirits.","Is there a particular piece of art - you have so many in your collection - but is there one you can think of now where you look at and you might see hope in what otherwise might look like a dour time to some?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Art helps people escape from the harsh reality of life.","questions":"Which part of life can art help people escape from?","answer":"Harsh"}
{"text":["There's a new commission by the president to try to look into this attack - series of attacks. What's that commission trying to do?","Well, this is a situation, Farai, that's been growing since '94, since the end of apartheid and the election of African National Congress. The problem is this. Fundamentally, the issue of poverty has not been tackled in a satisfactory way by the government. And you've had among the mass of poor people at the bottom, the so called black Africans, a very high level of patience actually waiting for something to turn around, and it hasn't.","Instead, there's been much more emphasis on the development of a black capitalist class, opening up the borders to trade, et cetera. And not enough paid attention to the grievances of people at the base.","When you have the situation like this, it is very easy for opportunists to take advantage of the situation and explode it in a very unproductive way and that's what happened. So, people's anger about the situation was channeled, much like we've seen here in the United Sates when people go against immigrants. Instead of understanding the way that the system is working and that it needs to be challenged, people start going after the vulnerable groups. So, they went after the Zimbabweans, they went after the Mozambiquens and they went after the Ugandans."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"look into\" in \"look into this attack\" means to investigate, so the actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning.","questions":"What does \"look into\" mean?","answer":"Investigate"}
{"text":["Didn't Elon Musk know all this before he sent out that memorable tweet on August 7?","Well, a lot of people think he should have. Let's go back to that August 7 when he sent out that tweet and said I'm considering taking the company private, funding secured at $420 a share. And analysts immediately were very dubious that Musk could pull this off. Where would he get the 10 billions of dollars to take the company private?Did he really have the funding secured as he claimed?And that is something that the Securities and Exchange Commission is investigating, according to multiple reports. And Musk said at the time - or Musk said that two-thirds of the investors would stick with Tesla if it went private, but he really had no way of knowing that.","And why did he want to take the company private in any case?","Well, he's always chafed at the demands of Wall Street - the quarterly earnings reports, the pesky questions from analysts. He famously called one analyst's question boring and boneheaded on an earnings call earlier this year. But perhaps even more than all this, Musk. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Elon Musk may not have had the funding secured for taking Tesla private","questions":"How much funding did Musk secure for taking Tesla private?","answer":"10"}
{"text":["I am - my lips are sealed. But let's just say we are a certain kind of gypsy and we - it's very much like a family. When you've been touring together for six months or more and you're all living on a bus, you become very close and very supportive and close in good ways and bad ways.","But we feel very privileged to be able to do what we do. And the places we get to go, the people we get to meet, the stages we get to perform on, it's a privilege. It really is. It's something we don't ever want to take for granted.","I was, again, thinking back to that song, in that leafy neighborhood you described around Washington, D. C.","Well, actually, I was thinking about where I grew up - the first 10 years of my life - in Princeton, New Jersey, when I was describing that. But you're right, very much, lot of leafy neighborhoods in Washington where I have spent most of my life."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : We are not actually gypsies but a touring band","questions":"How does PersonB describe the places they get to go?","answer":"Privilege"}
{"text":["Now, the Russian government doesn't get many chances in this context internationally, on the global stage, to do the right thing. I have been criticizing the Russian government while I am here. What more can I do to satisfy you or any of these critics who hold these positions?The reality is there is nothing that will satisfy them because it is their suspicion, it is their skepticism, it is their distrust of the Russian government as an institution which is motivating this.","I mean, do I have to detail for you the ways in which the Putin government has earned (laughter) some suspicion?","No, no. Absolutely not. Again, I agree with you. This (laughter) - look, look; this is why I have been criticizing the Russian government. There's no distance between us on that. I'm not saying Vladimir Putin is an angel. I'm not even saying Vladimir Putin is a decent guy. What I'm saying is you have to understand there doesn't need to be a quid pro quo here for it to make sense.","Edward Snowden. Elsewhere in the program, he talks about his work at the NSA before he leaked classified information and tells us what's keeping him from returning to the U. S.  to face trial."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Russian government does not get many chances for people to see them all over the world.","questions":"Which government is being criticized by A?","answer":"Russian"}
{"text":["So we shall see.","But I have learned a new phrase - brass-necked. Our own brass-necked Melissa Block is covering the World Cup.","(Laughter) I'm not sure if that's a compliment, Steve. But thanks.","I don't know. If it means tough, if it means on top of things, it is you, Melissa. Own it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Melissa Block is brave or daring. (referring to the phrase 'brass-necked')","questions":"How would you describe Melissa Block based on the phrase \"brass-necked\"?","answer":"Compliment"}
{"text":["And so the bike industry in general thought that they could absorb the 10% increase that's been in effect for the last few months. And there's no way that they can absorb a 25% increase, so that will be borne by the consumer whether you're buying a $100 bike or a $10,000 bike across the board. There's no way that the industry can absorb that.","Can you give me a sense of what the price hike might be for a consumer buying, you know, the first or second bike for a kid, let's say?","Yeah. And so this does apply to kid's bike, too. You know that in general, the tariff burden will increase by probably $250 million, and so retail prices will be raised. And so if you consider, gosh, a $100 bike, which is a fair price point for most Americans looking to buy their first bicycle or a kid's bicycle, $100 is a lot of money for a lot of people. Who knows what'll happen?But if I had to look in a crystal ball, that price will probably go up to 125, 150.","And there are a lot of road riders or mountain bikers or anyone who is more of an enthusiast - they're paying $2,000, $3,000, $4,000 for a bike, and that same percentage price increase will apply to them as well. The bike doesn't get any cheaper because of the tariffs or the kind of bike riding you like to do. So bike prices will probably go up, you know, $1,000 on a $4,000 bike."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This implies that the bike industry intend to increase bike cost from current 10% increase to 25% increase.","questions":"Which percentage increase does the speaker predict for a $4,000 bike?","answer":"$1,000"}
{"text":["The speaker has suffered through days of public humiliation at the hands of his fractious troops. But sometimes what doesn't kill you makes you stronger. And by surviving all of this, he has probably strengthened what's always been a rather tenuous grip on the speakership. In the end, he did the right thing - we talked about this in the past - and kept government and borrowing authority going forward. And probably he'll have a better weekend this weekend than he had last.","Certainly more free time. I think a lot of people are wondering this weekend: is Senator Ted Cruz a new national figure or a diminished one, after events of this past week?","You could say he's both. Certainly he is new hero of the Tea Party and others who wanted to stop the Affordable Care Act, Obamacare, by any means necessary. At the Value Voters Summit, for example, here about a week ago, he absolutely dominated the presidential preference straw poll on social conservatives. But within the establishment of the Republican Party, in the financial community and among party fundraisers, he has come to be regarded as dangerous.","And a hard word and that raises this question. Against what's been the stereotype, the image for many years, Democrats appeared unified over these past few weeks, and the Republicans who looked like they were - what's the old joke they used to make about Democrats - a circular firing squad?What's happened to the two major parties?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"circular firing squad\" - This is a metaphorical expression that means a group of people who are fighting against each other instead of working together towards a common goal, rather than a literal firing squad.","questions":"Which expression is used to describe a group of people who are fighting against each other instead of working together towards a common goal?","answer":"Division"}
{"text":["Yeah - no - no, Martians here.","OK.  You've - is it fair - you've gone into Michael Cohen's background extensively. Is it fair to call him a fixer?","You know, I think that he handled a lot of matters for Donald Trump before he was - before he became the president that were difficult and sensitive issues. Michael's role at the Trump Organization was not really that of a lawyer. One Trump Organization - senior Trump Organization official pointed out that when the legal department at the company had a meeting, Michael was not included. He was not part of the legal department. He didn't really practice law there.","In fact, when the government was arguing with Mr.  Cohen's lawyers over issues of whether or not material seized by the government in a search warrant were privileged, the government indicated that an examination of his emails - they previously had a search warrant for his emails that had been secret until it was revealed in the course of that litigation. But that an examination of his emails indicated both that he conducted little to no legal work for President Trump or for The Trump Organization. And it also pointed out that he never emailed with Mr.  Trump. But I think Mr.  Trump is not a big - not a big emailer."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Michael Cohen's role at the Trump Organization was not that of a lawyer.","questions":"Which organization did Michael Cohen work for?","answer":"Trump"}
{"text":["Well, we'll have to wait and see. The purpose, obviously, is to send a signal that those members of the armed forces that choose to work with the opposition, if they are under sanctions, will have those sanctions lifted. And those who might be facing sanctions would not face them if they chose to work with the opposition. We're going to have to wait and see how that's received.","How important is the support that this government has received from Cuba, and Russia and maybe other countries, as well?","It's important. On the Cuban side, some of the support has been exaggerated in terms of numbers. But without a doubt, the support they provide in the area of counterintelligence has been critical to. . .","They send intelligence agents to help work the streets of Caracas, or wherever."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is not yet known how the sanctions will be received","questions":"What is the purpose of the sanctions?","answer":"Signal"}
{"text":["Sometimes you have prosecutors who look at this situation and realize it was just this horrible, tragic mistake. Sometimes you have prosecutors who look at the situation and say, wait a minute, is there something wrong here?Could the parent have been on drugs?Was there some extenuating circumstances that led to this parent's forgetting?And, you know, the people who study this do recommend that prosecutors look into the circumstances of the death. There is always that small chance that the parent somehow was negligent or the parent had even intended to kill the child. But it is a small subset of the number of children that have died in this way, according to the people who study this.","People have invented technologies that would prevent at least some of these deaths. Why aren't they in more common use?","One of the reasons that technologies are not more in use is that nobody thinks that this is going to happen to them. And so they don't pay the extra money that it would take to install an optional technology or pay extra money for some kind of smart car seat that might send out an alert. And that's why the people who advocate for change are asking for legislation to make the installation of this kind of technology mandatory.","Apart from technological innovations, is there anything that a parent listening to this conversation could do to make sure that this doesn't happen to them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : wait a minute usually means they are taken aback by something and need to process it","questions":"What does \"wait a minute\" typically imply?","answer":"Taken"}
{"text":["Do drones offer the appearance of risk-free combat?","Well, inside our business, Scott, they don't. There's nothing risk-free about anything we do. And when you're talking about decisions that may affect life and death, I think we take this very seriously. There is nothing in this enterprise that discounts the value of life on the ground - all life, by the way - friendly life, enemy life and then, of course, civilian non-combatant life and property. It's something that is very deeply ingrained in our folks as they go through training.","But to press you a bit on this, General, I wonder - does drone warfare offer, to some Americans, the appearance of being able to strike militarily almost anywhere in the world and not have to worry about suffering casualties and consequence?","Yeah, it's one of the reasons that we don't like the term drone warfare, Scott, the - because drone does imply a level of autonomy that is not the case. It does imply a lack of thinking and a lack of human involvement. A primary reason we call them remotely piloted aircraft is because there is somebody flying them. There is somebody in that decision loop. In fact, there are lots of somebodies in it who are adding the human judgments that we think are critical when you're in the business of life and death."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"strike militarily almost anywhere in the world and not have to worry about suffering casualties and consequence\": the literal meaning of this phrase is that military strikes can be carried out anywhere in the world without any concerns about casualties or consequences; however, the actual meaning is that some people may perceive drone warfare as being able to strike with impunity, but it does not mean that there are no potential consequences or risks involved.","questions":"What does the term \"drone warfare\" imply?","answer":"Perception"}
{"text":["You also call this the start of a new era in America's modern history - in what way?","Well, the Clean Air Act really changed, in many ways, the conception of government's role and gave to the federal government both the power and the responsibility to protect Americans' health. One of the most revolutionary pieces of this very innovatively designed law was a provision which elevated public health as a priority above all others in the setting of air quality standards for the entire country. It put public health over and above corporate profit and cost in determining what amounts of pollution would be allowed in Americans' air.","But that hasn't stopped it from being challenged, right?How has it weathered those challenges?","Well, it's been up and down over the years. And I think what we're seeing right now is a really sort of unprecedented assault on the Clean Air Act and the enforcement of the Clean Air Act by the Trump administration. Obviously, I think, we've all become familiar over the last few years with the idea of climate change denial. But I think what we're now seeing in the Trump years is actually air pollution denial."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"elevated public health as a priority above all others\" - This turn has a figurative meaning, as it means that the Clean Air Act made the protection of public health the most important consideration in setting air quality standards, rather than just one of many factors to consider.","questions":"Which consideration was made the most important in setting air quality standards?","answer":"health"}
{"text":["You know, it's interesting that you should say that because leasing was one of the ways you could get into a car without having to have a huge down payment. So now, if leasing is going to cost more, buying a car already costs more with regard to the down payment, it's going to be really tough for some people, isn't it?","It will be, and you know what it's going to put pressure on is the used-car market, because if you can't get a new one, you go get a used one. But if they have more demand for used ones, that's going to push up, too. So the entire - the love affair that America had with the automobile. . .","Coming to an end?","It may be a love affair that we have to look at again, you know, somebody cheated on somebody, I don't know who."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Leasing becoming more expensive will make it difficult for some people to afford cars","questions":"What was one of the ways to get into a car without a huge down payment?","answer":"Leasing"}
{"text":["Oh, sure. He had extremely high standards for himself, and for his wife and. . .","I guess what I mean is, did you ever look at him across the table and say, don't treat me like Hamid Karzai.","You know what?(Laughter) Richard was - extremely calming influence on me. I've got a pretty quick, Hungarian temper, and he just had such a way of deflating my emotional outbursts. He was actually one of the calmest in-crisis people that I've ever known. And you know, I describe, in the book, being with him when he was negotiating the end of the war in Bosnia, and principally in Dayton.","He put you between - is it Begovich and Milosevic, at dinner.","Yes, and gave me a very easy assignment. He said, make them talk to each other. And of course, you know, a few days before, these two warlords had been trying to gouge out each other's eyes. So that was a challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn (2) \"did you ever look at him across the table and say, don't treat me like Hamid Karzai\" is an example of figurative language, as it uses a metaphor to convey a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation. Hamid Karzai is a former President of Afghanistan and the metaphorical use here is to suggest that the speaker felt like they were being treated unfairly or without respect by the person being referred to.","questions":"How did the speaker feel they were being treated when PersonB asked if they ever said \"don't treat me like Hamid Karzai\"?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["And he was saying how we, you know, you here have been so fortunate. You've got to help. We need you. And then he pauses, and he says, for example, there's a young man sitting in this church today, my friends in New York, whom I respect. They tell me that this young man, his brain has been touched by God. But this young man told me something about himself, and I had the chance to meet him. His father was a chauffer and a gardener. His mother was a maid and a cook. And I said, oh, lord. I started, like, trying to hide in my seat. But he started really telling the story that was classic of many professionals. If somebody went and work for them, either their parents or grandparents that made it possible for them to have an education.","And then, he paused again. He said, you know, but he has forgotten from where he came. And I thought for a moment \u2014 because a - like a video of my mother, particularly when my father came up, and I started to cry. I mean, these tears came down. So I said this service is over. I didn't say a word, I just walked over and talked with my hand and I said, Dr.  King, when do you want me to leave?","Mm-hmm. And then you went onto work on what is Reverend King's most famous or certainly most quoted speech, the \"I Have a Dream\" speech. Now, today you can hear that speech used in a lot of different contexts. It's, in some ways, become background music for Black History Month, you know?","Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"he has forgotten from where he came\" - This turn is also figurative and not meant to be taken literally. It is used to describe someone who has become successful and wealthy but has lost touch with their humble beginnings.","questions":"Which speech is referred to as Reverend King's most famous or certainly most quoted speech?","answer":"Dream"}
{"text":["Well, because there are a number of reasons that a security clearance can be denied. Among them would be foreign contacts, foreign business interests, criminal activity, financial instability, drug and alcohol use. And some of these are very serious. If employees who had the history of these issues - and they weren't properly mitigated, they could be a risk to national security if they received security clearances.","You're saying hypothetically those could be reasons security clearances would be denied. Were they in these cases reasons that they were denied?","Some of them were applicable in different cases, yes.","Is overriding 25 security clearance denials a large number?I have no idea what's normal in this situation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Some of them were applicable in different cases, yes.\" - The actual meaning is that some of the reasons that A mentioned earlier (foreign contacts, foreign business interests, criminal activity, financial instability, drug and alcohol use) were used to deny security clearances in different cases.","questions":"What reasons were used to deny security clearances in different cases?","answer":"25"}
{"text":["Yeah, indeed. Tell us about the damage from the storm. And were people prepared?","You know, people had evacuated low-lying coastal areas that are prone to flooding and that were in danger of a storm surge that would come from a hurricane like this. So people were prepared. But it looks like the main issue is going to be flooding. Here in downtown Mobile, some streets are underwater. South of here in some neighborhoods, there were some high-water rescues overnight - people who lived along waterways stranded in their homes where there are floodwaters.","And as you mentioned earlier, like, something - like, more, than 100,000 people out of power. And this is over a wide area - Mississippi, Alabama and then the Florida Panhandle, as well. So now it's time to sort of see what the damage is and what's next. And this storm is still moving. So there are going to be impacts felt for the rest of the day.","Just briefly - we have about 30 seconds left - are there enough resources to cope with all these disasters?It's been such an intense hurricane season."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Over 100,000 people are without power due to the storm","questions":"How many people are without power due to the storm?","answer":"100,000"}
{"text":["Well, not necessarily the DNA. But the DNA is decorated with. . .","Right.",". . . chemical tags. And these are methyl groups, or carbon groups that can be added, or they can disappear to the DNA. And this modifies the way other proteins can interact with the DNA and transmit signals to lead the changes in protein production.","Which is - and which is how your muscles grow if you're exercising."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that exercising leads to muscle growth. The actual meaning is that the modification of DNA through the addition or removal of methyl groups is one mechanism through which gene expression changes, leading to physiological changes such as muscle growth in response to exercise.","questions":"How do chemical tags modify DNA?","answer":"Through"}
{"text":["Yeah, indeed. Tell us about the damage from the storm. And were people prepared?","You know, people had evacuated low-lying coastal areas that are prone to flooding and that were in danger of a storm surge that would come from a hurricane like this. So people were prepared. But it looks like the main issue is going to be flooding. Here in downtown Mobile, some streets are underwater. South of here in some neighborhoods, there were some high-water rescues overnight - people who lived along waterways stranded in their homes where there are floodwaters.","And as you mentioned earlier, like, something - like, more, than 100,000 people out of power. And this is over a wide area - Mississippi, Alabama and then the Florida Panhandle, as well. So now it's time to sort of see what the damage is and what's next. And this storm is still moving. So there are going to be impacts felt for the rest of the day.","Just briefly - we have about 30 seconds left - are there enough resources to cope with all these disasters?It's been such an intense hurricane season."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People were evacuated to avoid the storm surge","questions":"How were people in low-lying coastal areas prepared for the storm?","answer":"Evacuated"}
{"text":["Well, we'll be sure to get those up on NPR News and Notes and nprnewsandviews. org. So let's talk housing. The U. S.  House of Representatives just approved a bill that some folks are calling the rescue bill. What does that really mean?","Basically, the housing bill will allow consumers to renegotiate the terms of their mortgages to get more affordable mortgage rates. And the mortgage interest rate for a 30 year mortgage is now hovering at about six percent, a little below six percent. You've got people locked into very high mortgage rates. You've got people who are defaulting because they can't pay. And basically, it will allow a renegotiation. And it will have the federal government guarantee these mortgages, which means that yes, a taxpayer at some level will pay if people default.","But basically, what we'll do is stave-off this horrible housing crisis that we're experiencing when we look at cities like Detroit. We look at other cities. When we see the default rates so high that we're really worried about the stability, Congress will, and Maxine Ward is of course, introducing some of this legislation because of the challenges that we're being faced in her own district. And so it's good legislation. The president and some other Republicans are against it. They've never been against providing money for anyone else. Bear Stearns got a break, why not people?","Some folks, though, are arguing that this bill could actually reward speculators who either are landlords, who own places in neighborhoods in trouble, or who want to buy up distressed properties. What do you think about that?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The housing bill implies mortgage rate shouldn't emburden anyone.","questions":"What does the housing bill aim to make more affordable?","answer":"Mortgages"}
{"text":["Hi, Deb.","Hi there.","So you arrived in the country just after this massacre. Why did the Chinese government allow foreign journalists in?","We were so surprised about how easy it was. And it was no secret about who we were. When we arrived, the luggage carousel was filled with television cameras. And, you know, I was no China expert, but I had plenty of experience with autocratic governments. I was covering the Middle East at the time, so I'd been in Iraq. And I'd been in Syria. And I knew how these governments operate, so I figured that the Chinese authorities wanted to show that things were back to normal. And they wanted Western journalists to deliver that message. But when we got there, there was nothing that was back to normal.","Explain. What did you see?What was the atmosphere like?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"covering the Middle East\" implies assigned to the Middle East for journalistic duties.","questions":"What region was PersonA assigned to for journalistic duties?","answer":"East"}
{"text":["And there are a lot of road riders or mountain bikers or anyone who is more of an enthusiast - they're paying $2,000, $3,000, $4,000 for a bike, and that same percentage price increase will apply to them as well. The bike doesn't get any cheaper because of the tariffs or the kind of bike riding you like to do. So bike prices will probably go up, you know, $1,000 on a $4,000 bike.","How soon do you think that this impact will be felt?","I think it'll be felt by the end of the summer. So anything that's manufactured and delivered after June 1 will cost more to import into the U. S.  And so that price will be seen in these mom and pop shops that rely on sometimes a shrinking consumer base to sell their products to.","And if the price goes up to that degree, what effect is this going to have on these shops?","Well, a bicycle isn't like a gallon of milk, you know?The demand can fluctuate. And so the demand for bicycles will probably go down. We're seeing bike shops close because in some areas, the demand for bicycling is going down. And this is a huge blow if you consider anyone having to sell bikes 25% to 50% increase in price."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"A bicycle isn't like a gallon of milk, you know? The demand can fluctuate.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that the demand for a bicycle can fluctuate, unlike the demand for a gallon of milk. The actual meaning is that the demand for bicycles may decrease due to the increase in prices, and it will not remain constant like the demand for a gallon of milk.","questions":"Which product's demand can fluctuate unlike a gallon of milk according to A?","answer":"Bicycle"}
{"text":["Well, I think one of my roles - at least the way I pretty much defined my life and work for 35 years in the academy and was quite lucky in serendipitous ways began teaching at Yale at the time of the moment that's now considered, I guess, the revolutionary moment at Yale with the Black Panthers and Bobby Seale and Erica Huggins and others.","So, I always saw a kind of resistive undercurrent in the university even at its Ivy League level. And I've tried to identify myself in the academy with that resistive undercurrent. And I've tried to maintain an integrity of my public appearances and what I write that never refuses to look at the fact that racism, in my estimation, is more rampant in the United States and globally than ever before.","One can say is the glass half-full or half-empty. I think that's mere casuistry. It seems to me that the glass is empty for the majority of Americans now, not just black Americans, and it's not near any liquid refreshments source that I know of, the foreclosures, the economics of the present time, the war.","It seems to me that Henry Louis Gates Jr.  and Cornel West made a deliberate turn at a certain point in their career and decided, in the case of Mr.  Gates for example, that he was not going to do another profoundly brilliant book in his\u2026","Well, professor, I'm sorry, we have to wrap this up. There's a lot there, but thank you so much, Professor Baker."],"speaker":["A","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker believes that Gates and West intentionally shifted their focus away from producing groundbreaking works in their field.","questions":"Which speaker made a reference to the economic state of the majority of Americans?","answer":"Speaker"}
{"text":["And eventually the crowd around him - the crowd of press, kind of got a little bigger. And he sort of looked around and said, maybe this is not something I should be laughing about because, you know, we are in a different age.","Mark, I've got to tell you - this is why I watch the Super Bowl, but I can't watch football during the regular season. It is hard for me to look at those talented athletes and think half of them, if not more, are going to wind up being permanently damaged by what I'm watching them do on the field.","I will tell you, Scott, that the National Football League is very worried about the likes of you and people like you, of which there are many, who are taking a more closer moral look at what they're watching. I mean, football, for many years, has been the great spectacle of American life. Every year, it's, like, 70 or 75 of the most watched television shows in America are almost always football games. We love football.","Having said that, there are a lot more people, and it happens every year. And you have research that comes out every week, it seems, and testimonials from retired players and researched brains from dead players that tell us a little bit more. And as we get smarter, I think the league, you know, has to try to keep up with some kind of rule changes and equipment changes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker feels guilty about watching football because of the permanent damage it causes to players' health","questions":"Which word describes the reason why the speaker cannot watch football during the regular season?","answer":"Permanent"}
{"text":["So you get a sense of how this whole thing is going. Obviously, we should then inject alcohol into the situation. For his new show, Brad spent some time around Austin, Texas. So to cap off the visit, we made a cocktail - a paloma made out of a spirit called sotol, distilled from a plant that grows in the Texas desert.","All right. So first up. . .","Yeah.",". . . We're going to mix it with a little grapefruit. OK, I'm going to make a little grapefruit juice."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) B: \"Obviously, we should then inject alcohol into the situation.\" - This turn does not mean that they should literally inject alcohol into something, but rather that they should add alcohol to the situation.","questions":"How should alcohol be added to the situation according to B?","answer":"Add"}
{"text":["I got a glance over the weekend, and the sky was beautifully blue. I mean, really, it was wonderful. And the air pollution index for that day was exceedingly low. Also, it was like 17. That's lowest since I've been keeping track.","This, I think, has to do with changes in weather patterns that appeared to start somewhere in the first week of August. The arrival of rainfall and winds from the northeast and form the northwest, which would bring in cleaner air, and in particular lack of strong winds from the south that would bring up the heavy levels of pollution.","Yet, you've said earlier that the air pollution in Beijing mostly blows in from elsewhere. So these steps that the city officials have taken in recent months with changing traffic patterns and closing factories, really, that's not a factor here?","Well, you know, I've been looking at the day they very carefully tried to decide what is really going on this summer. We know that the controls did something. It's just that I, at least, am unable to pick out their effects in the data so far."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"arrival of rainfall and winds\" means \"occurrence of rainfall and winds\" rather than \"the act of arriving of rainfall and winds\"","questions":"How does the speaker define \"arrival\" in the context of the dialogue?","answer":"Occurrence"}
{"text":["I just want to complete that thought. You said, it's going to be a combination of private investment and higher taxes?","Not necessarily because we have something that I think we need to do in any event, which is to remove the giant subsidies from the oil and gas companies. We need to repeal the majority of the Trump tax cuts, which went to the upper, you know, income brackets - rather than working people - and did not produce jobs. So simply having some reform like that is what makes sense.","There are people who would say, yes, let's do this, and I will do my part. But there are Republicans and some Democrats who would not be so keen on having to pay any kind of higher tax in order to offset the costs of these climate proposals. Can you tell us now that you would absolutely not ask the American taxpayer to pay some of the burden here?","Well, of course not. Nobody who is going to run for office can make any statement about the future like that, and they're responsible if they do. But what I can say is that the majority of the investment will be private, in part because it will be required. Much of our plan does not involve public investment directly. It is a requirement that the public utilities get off fossil fuels. It is a requirement that the auto industry provide cars for us that don't pollute anymore."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Removing subsidies from oil and gas companies and repealing tax cuts for the upper class will offset the cost of climate proposals.","questions":"What kind of investment will be the majority in the climate proposals plan?","answer":"Private"}
{"text":["Help us understand. Just how good were the Lightning before this collapse?","Oh, quite good. They had 62 wins in the regular season. That tied the all-time NHL record for wins in a season. This was a team that was doing historic things in the regular season. Consider this. Thirty of their 62 victories were by three goals or more. So every time they stepped on the ice, they weren't just winning. They were blowing away their opponents.","So it's safe to say any sane hockey analyst (laughter) basically would have said that the Lightning was going to win the series, right?So what happened?","(Laughter) Well, I think Lightning defenseman Ryan McDonagh put it best. Everything that they did so well in the regular season, the Columbus Blue Jackets did it better in this series. But the bigger picture is this for the Lightning. They clinched a playoff spot in early March. They've been on cruise control for months. The Columbus Blue Jackets had to win seven of their last eight games just to get into the playoffs. So when push came to shove and adversity hit in the series, the Lightning had a bad six days compared to a great 82 games in the regular season, and then they were swept."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"safe to say\" in line 3 - The phrase \"safe to say\" is being used idiomatically here to express the idea that it is highly likely or almost certain that any sane hockey analyst would have predicted the Tampa Bay Lightning to win the series, rather than a literal guarantee of safety.","questions":"Which idiom is being used in turn 2 to express the idea that it is highly likely that any sane hockey analyst would have predicted the Tampa Bay Lightning to win the series?","answer":"Safe"}
{"text":["And how much of the war do you see?","I see a lot of the war. It's everywhere. It's just - it feels like we are back on time where hundred years back where we worry about every single thing. For example, I wake up in the morning and you worry, will I have electricity?These days, it's very cold. We cannot have heaters. Hospitals cannot operate because the shortage of fuel. And then when you go to the supermarkets, the prices have either doubled or tripled. A family that lives near to my parents, a neighbor of theirs, actually lost their child because they simply didn't have a single thing to feed them - no water, no clean water, no food. So it's really, really crazy to believe that you're in the 2018.","Yeah. What happens when you go to the market?What's for sale there?How much does it cost?","I'll just give you a quick example - eggs actually. In the past, we used to buy five eggs with 100 riyals but now just over the past couple of months, you buy one egg with 100 riyal. So it's becoming very hard. People will just lock themselves in their houses. And others who are trying to find a solution, they go out in the streets asking for help, but the rest are just dying inside their houses quietly. Sometimes they boil water and just put some spices on top of it and consider it a meal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 'the war' is not a tangible single entity that can be seen in one place - they mean they see evidence of it everywhere ","questions":"How does the war appear to A?","answer":"Everywhere"}
{"text":["Ooh. Ooh. So small dive.","You need to be very careful. Keep your limbs in.","And why - what's so fascinating about espresso?","Well, one of things that espresso drinkers will know probably is that when you have an espresso straight, not a latte, not a cappuccino, just a straight little mug of espresso, when it comes out to you, it has this frothy, foamy thing on top. It's a little thin layer of tiny bubbles. It's a little lighter in color, and it's called the crema."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is a dive into drinking the espresso, taking a chance by drinking it.","questions":"What is the size of the dive mentioned in the conversation?","answer":"Small."}
{"text":["I think so. I mean, I think that these experiences, again, they tend to get spectacularized, you know, and day to day things like, you know, at other universities, it might not have had these types of you, know, well-known explosive incidents. Maybe like a University of Cape Town or University of Witwatersrand.","Still, you know, it's well known on those campuses that once the dorms of the residences are for blacks, once they integrated, white students moved out. They didn't perform those same sort of stunts, but they still, you know, walked out, in protest, that they didn't want to live, you know, side by side, with blacks.","So I think that, you know, when these incidents happen, you know, they kind of shed a light on something that's kind of insidious in a lot of different universities. And again, the message that gets sent is that we're not going backwards on this, you know, that we know it's going to take time. You know, we know that it's not going to happen overnight, but universities will be integrated spaces. This country will be an integrated country, where, again, black and whites have to live side by side with mutual respect.","Zine, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies the level of Racial discrimination on Campuses.","questions":"Which factor does the turn mention?","answer":"Segregation"}
{"text":["Well, there have been dozens, many dozens of studies now over the last 20 years, and more that strongly suggest that men who are not circumcised are at higher risk of HIV infection from heterosexual intercourse.","Consistently, we see at least a 60 percent reduction in risk for men who are circumcised. And it's a relatively simple surgical procedure. It takes about 15 or 20 minutes normally for adults. It's done under local anesthesia.","There's a lot of demand for it. In many African countries now, there are long wait lists at the public hospitals of men wanting to get circumcised, and there just are not the resources there for them to do it.","Thabo Mbeki, the president of South Africa, was reviled by some people when he said poverty was the cause of AIDS. Regardless of whether or not you think his statement is literally true, is there a grain of truth to it?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Grain of truth, meaning that at least some of what he said is true","questions":"What does turn 3 imply about Thabo Mbeki's statement on poverty being the cause of AIDS?","answer":"True"}
{"text":["Absolutely not. In fact, the people of my state should know we are doing everything in our power to defend them. If it comes to a legal fight with the Trump administration, we're prepared to have it. I've had some experience with taking on the Trump administration litigation. We have yet to lose a case yet, and I don't plan on starting with this issue.","Attorney General Bob Ferguson of Washington state, thanks so much.","Oh, thank you, Scott. Have a great day.","And we contacted the Department of Justice for comment on Mr.  Ferguson's remarks about Attorney General Sessions. We have yet to receive a response."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A: Oh, thank you, Scott.Have a great day.","questions":"Which name is mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Scott"}
{"text":["This appointment would make sense from the standpoint of a president, a new president, Barack Obama, wanting to assert a kind of White House control over the intelligence community. Now, Leon Panetta is not part of the intelligence community. He has had no experience with the intelligence community except as an outside observer, critic, and as one of the authors of a 2006 report on what went wrong with respect to 9\/11 and also with respect to the Iraq weapons of mass destruction intelligence.","So Leon Panetta is not of the CIA. He is coming in as kind of a total outsider but somebody who has very strong confidence among not only the Barack Obama people, but also the Clinton people who are going to be at the Department of State under Hillary Clinton.","There's also word today about a choice for the post of national intelligence director, retired Admiral Dennis Blair. What can you tell us about him?","Dennis Blair has been in the Navy and in the U. S.  government for 34 years. He also worked in the White House during his long Navy career and before he was named by Barack Obama to take over this director of national intelligence job. This will actually be Leon Panetta's boss. He is in charge of the total U. S.  intelligence community, all 16 agencies, CIA, the defense agencies, and so on.","The president elect will need to pick someone else to become commerce secretary. New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson took himself out of the running because of an investigation into how some of his donors won a lucrative contract. How serious a problem is this withdrawal for the Obama transition team?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Leon Panetta has no experience with the intelligence community but was chosen as CIA director for political reasons.","questions":"How was Leon Panetta chosen as CIPersonA director?","answer":"Political"}
{"text":["Yeah, I think it's good. You know, I think it's a good thing. I mean, obviously you're not always going to hear what you want to hear, but you know, it's all part and parcel of growing up and you just kind of like taking things on board. Whether you, you know - it's really down to you whether you want to take a lot of what they say on board. But I actually enjoy reading it, and I don't expect every review to be glowing or anything like that. But I think it's important to kind of know what people feel, and think about your music out there.","(Singing)","In your eyes you'll always be the greatest Something to celebrate it","This is a little bit of a digression, but there are so many people who are African-Brits, or African-Americans, in the sense of having immigrated from Africa, or having parents who did. And I think that there's a moment in time, in the U. S.  in part, because you have a Barack Obama, where people are saying, Oh, well yeah, there's all these different flavors of blackness. How does that play into your work at all?","I don't really - I don't think I'm effected by that, as such, because I kind of am originally I - you know, I was born in Zambia, so I'm African first and foremost.","But you came over so young."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It's important to receive constructive criticism for personal growth.","questions":"Which word describes the reason for why constructive criticism is necessary for personal growth according to turn 0?","answer":"Growth"}
{"text":["Committee will come to order.","Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff was the one swinging that gavel and overseeing the hearing with Acting Director of National Intelligence Joseph Maguire. Chairman Schiff, welcome back to the program.","Thank you. Great to be with you.","Let me first ask you about one big revelation in the whistleblower complaint, which is that after President Trump asked Ukraine's president to look into the Biden family, the White House locked down all records of the call, putting them into a separate electronic system to handle especially sensitive classified information. Have you ever heard of a White House doing something like that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The complaint was about someone that exposed something being done illegally by another person or group.","questions":"How would you describe the nature of the whistleblower complaint?","answer":"Illegal"}
{"text":["I think that - you know I think that there a lot of lower pay guys who are, you know, for contracts who are taking - because in other words, you're getting it from somewhere, and this - the money that they're getting paid now is coming from last year. You know, that's what baseball does. I think we will see, next year, we'll begin to see the push back in terms of the long-term contracts, which contracts are taking a hit. But right now, as long as television is there and fans are, you know\u2026","Well, yeah, but are the fans going to be there?Because I'm hearing that the NFL, NBA, major league baseball fans, they're worried that - the clubs are worried because people - season ticket holders who keep thing - whole thing going they may not be re-upping the way they've been in the past.","And that's when you will see - you will see the effect of that next year. You know, right now, baseball is still going on in terms of the salaries. They're going on last year's income, which was record-setting. Now, if they've got a downturn at the turnstile, you were going to see it next year. This time next year, we could be talking about some serious, you know, shrinking, withdrawals, you know, there could be a couple of teams that aren't cutting it. And I'm talking about\u2026","That was danger."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Season ticket holders may not be buying season tickets again this year.","questions":"What is causing concern for clubs in the NFL, NBPersonA and major league baseball?","answer":"Season"}
{"text":["Now, I guess we need to explain what hedge funds are.","Hedge funds are investment vehicles usually for very wealthy people. In fact, in the first paragraph of every hedge perspective it says, this must not be money that you need for living. This is money that you want to risk - this is a roll of the dice. The hedge funds have very few restrictions of the sort that ordinary brokers have.","So even though Wall Street seems to be blowing up or it did yesterday, the hedge funds are doing just fine. And these Masters of the Universe are ensconced happily in their Greenwich, Connecticut mansions?","Well, right now, they are swimming the tightest defensive positions they can. They're like turtles pulling themselves back into their shell just trying to wait this thing out. They could be hurt badly. In fact, today is one of the four times a year that people can take money out of hedge funds. Usually there's a certain fixed percentage that they can take out at any one time. That's for the protection of the fund itself. But still, there could be enough taken out today to seriously hurt a lot of hedge funds."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It implies that hedge funds is not for those that are poor.","questions":"How does the first paragraph of hedge perspective describe the money invested in hedge funds?","answer":"Risk"}
{"text":["Well, first of all, I don't think anybody's going to negotiate very seriously with a gun to their head. And the history of these things is that presidents win and the party in Congress that causes a shutdown tends to lose. So I think the president's made it clear he's not negotiating until funding is restored to the government.","I think in Congress there's certainly, around the edges, some places that we can make some arrangements, shorten the amount of time - although I thought 30 days was short enough, all things considered - and, you know, perhaps, you know, begin negotiations elsewhere. But you literally cannot complete legislation this fast. It's not as if the Democrats, you know, have a proposal that's been drafted into legislation that I'm aware of. So sooner or later, we're going to have to reopen the government, and I hope sooner.","Didn't your party get a tax bill done pretty quickly?","No. It took months and months and months and months of - here, I mean, that lasted over a year.","I mean, they were scrawling in the document up until the last second."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : (5) - The speaker is implying that the tax bill was hastily and carelessly put together, even though it was actually thoroughly worked on.","questions":"Which bill was being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Tax"}
{"text":["(Unintelligible).","Right.","Like a lawn. Just colonies everywhere. Then after a week, there are fewer. You still would not want to drink it. After three weeks, there is nothing.","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is describing how quickly the colonies of something grow and then disappear, possibly referring to a bacterial infection or mold in a lawn","questions":"Which type of infection is possibly being referred to in the PersonA's description?","answer":"Bacterial"}
{"text":["Well, I talked to - obviously, I've been all over Iowa and New Hampshire. And most people really want to beat Trump. And I think if we don't stand up and say that we don't - you know, that Democrats don't stand for socialism, we're going to end up reelecting the worst president this country's ever had. And I feel sometimes a lonely voice.","But I think we've got to speak loud and clear that jobs matter. Our economy has to grow. And certainly we want to address income inequality. Absolutely we want to make sure that women have a right to choose, that civil rights and social justice are addressed aggressively. But we've also got to recognize to win in Ohio and Michigan, North Carolina and Wisconsin, we're going to have to, you know, get more to those kitchen table issues that have to do with, you know, somebody's job and - or how many jobs they're having to work just to balance their household budget.","And do you think your fellow candidates are not doing that?","Well, they're certainly doing it to a certain extent. I'm not diminishing climate change or - as an important issue or health care. But I don't think we're going to address climate change by guaranteeing every American a federal job, which is what part of the Green New Deal was. I don't think we're going to address the spiraling inflation in health care by forcibly telling 150 million people that we're going to take away their private insurance."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : To win in key states, Democrats need to prioritize jobs and economic growth.","questions":"Which issues does PersonA believe need to be prioritized to win in key states?","answer":"Jobs"}
{"text":["Well, I was abused by a priest when I was a child. And it caused me a great deal of difficulty with my life afterwards. I had a lot of problems with anxiety and depression.","How old were you when it happened?","I had just turned 13. I was in a children's hospital. And the priest who assaulted me was the Catholic chaplain of the hospital. And he also took indecent photographs, which had a lasting effect on me.","You were one of two sexual abuse survivors on the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors. Yet you resigned March 1. Can you tell us why?","I did because I accepted the appointment to the commission in the hope that the church was really beginning to show, you know, a sincere wish to change. And after three years, I resigned on some specific issues. But, basically, it was the resistance from some quarters in the Vatican to actually change.","Does it surprise you that someone as high up as Cardinal Pell has been accused?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"resistance from some quarters in the Vatican\" - This phrase implies that there are factions within the Vatican that are opposing change, rather than a physical space within the Vatican.","questions":"Which Vatican quarters are causing resistance to change?","answer":"quarters"}
{"text":["Hanna was a bride. That is, she was a North Korean woman who was kidnapped in North Korea and taken to China where she was sold as a bride to a Chinese man. This is a big market in China. After 30 years of a one-child policy and Chinese couples' preference for boys, there is a severe shortage of young women in China today. And the one thing many young men want most in life is a bride. So they place an order for one from North Korea.","For how much?","It depends. Every North Korean bride I interviewed told me that she remembered the price for which she was sold, but roughly, it's $1,500 or $2,000.","And once in this relationship, if you can call it that, how did she escape?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Hanna was a victim of human trafficking as a North Korean bride, not a willing participant","questions":"Which North Korean woman was sold as a bride to a Chinese man?","answer":"Hanna"}
{"text":["And it also allows the Republicans now to use this process called reconciliation, which means they can pass the tax cut out of the Senate with 50 votes. So now - as you said, now they have to construct the bill. They have a bill that - right now all the elements that you talked about, including the repeal of the death tax, other elements - that's about a $4 or $5 trillion tax cut. And yet they're allocated $1. 5 trillion. So they've got to figure out how they're going to smush $4 trillion dollars in tax cuts. . .","Yeah.",". . . In a $1. 5 trillion box. So we'll see how that happens.","Well, if this were to fall through, how devastating do you feel that would be for your party?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The $4 trillion tax cuts will be difficult to fit into the $5 trillion budget.","questions":"How much money is allocated for the tax cuts?","answer":"6"}
{"text":["Reading this book, the thing that always shone through was that you never took no for an answer. You talk about, despite all your successes, always feeling like you might never be good enough, or that people were judging you. And yet, you always sort of came back swinging, sometimes literally.","I love the word no (laughter). Because of the ADD and the dyslexic, I couldn't follow anyone's formula at all. So no to me was the yes that I needed to hear. And I wanted to succeed so I could grow my team and grow my staff as well. And a lot has to do about Boston in general. I wanted to be somebody, you know?I think so.","Barbara Lynch - her book is called \"Out Of Line: A Life Of Playing With Fire. \"Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In this turn, the implied meaning goes beyond the literal meaning of \"never took no for an answer.\" The speaker is highlighting the person's resilience and determination in the face of obstacles. It implies that despite facing rejection or setbacks, the person persisted and fought back, even using physical force if necessary.","questions":"How did the person come back swinging?","answer":"Persisted"}
{"text":["Last year, Lolita De Sola made a hard decision; she left her home country and fled north to Mexico City. Because of the move, De Sola was able to release her first album, \"Cattleya. \"She felt she had to leave Venezuela. Her work there, her life was becoming impossible.","When you have a dictatorship or crisis, the first thing that goes away is culture because you need more food, you need more basic stuff, first, then culture.","Today's Venezuela, on the brink of collapse with President Nicolas Maduro refusing to give up power and the prospect of international intervention, with millions of people leaving the country and others so desperate for food they are eating from the trash, this is not the Venezuela Lolita De Sola remembers and longs for.","When I was little, honestly, it was magical. Now I realize how privileged I was to grow up in a place like Venezuela because it's beautiful. Caracas is a valley where you have the mountains and, in half hour, you have the beach. Also you have, like, amazing food. You have perfect weather. And honestly, I like a lot - my childhood - in that sense because I realized that Venezuelans right now don't have the same that I did."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : When you have a dictatorship or crisis, the first thing that goes away is culture because you need more food, you need more basic stuff, first, then culture.\" The literal meaning is that during times of crisis, people prioritize their basic needs like food over cultural activities. ","questions":"What is the first thing that goes away during a crisis?","answer":"Culture"}
{"text":["Hi.","Why are these talks in Norway so significant?","Well, for a long time, Juan Guaido has been saying that he's not interested in talking to Maduro. He doesn't recognize Maduro as Venezuela's legitimate president, arguing that the election that returned Maduro to a second term last year was a fraud.","So he's been concentrating on his campaign to oust Maduro. Step by step, you know, he unified the opposition. He mobilized sometimes huge crowds. He secured that recognition internationally. And the U. S.  backed him up with sanctions that have been really - have really hit the Maduro government hard."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Well, for a long time, Juan Guaido has been saying that he's not interested in talking to Maduro. He doesn't recognize Maduro as Venezuela's legitimate president, arguing that the election that returned Maduro to a second term last year was a fraud.  The literal meaning of this turn is straightforward - Juan Guaido has publicly stated his unwillingness to hold talks with Maduro and does not consider him to be the legitimate president of Venezuela. However, the implied meaning of this turn is more complex and includes the political context of the situation, such as the ongoing power struggle in Venezuela and the efforts of Guaido and his supporters to remove Maduro from power.","questions":"How does Juan Guaido view Maduro's presidency?","answer":"negatively"}
{"text":["And it changed your behavior with your friends and family, right?","Oh, absolutely. I became alienated from most of my friends and everything because I wasn't there for them or with them. They had out to social events and things, my social event was to get to the casino as quickly as I could in order to gain money.","And what did it do to your marriage?","Well, I got a divorce. I ended up in divorce. I ended up with my wife getting everything plus the kids. And basically, I was out in the streets trying to survive."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A's gambling addiction affected his marriage to the point of getting a divorce","questions":"What caused PersonA's divorce?","answer":"Gambling"}
{"text":["No, because the guys used to sit on the porch and play their guitars and (unintelligible). And then would beat to the tap of their foot. So I kind of adapted that tanta-ta-tan-tum, tanta-ta-tan-tum(ph). I mean, because - I mean, my people - my relatives, most of them were from Jackson, Mississippi. So when they migrated to Indianapolis, they kind of brought a lot of that feeling.","When he said write a hit, that one song people know me all over the world, in Russia, Africa, Japan, all over the world, people, the first thing they say when they see me, \"Red Clay. \"","In the course of your career, you had, obviously, highs and you had some lows, and they've been described as personal problems. Without going into detail, are we to assume that those problems were substance abuse related?","Well, substance abuse, I wouldn't really say I had a problem with that. I mean, I would say that at one period in the '70s, I started partying, I was in Hollywood A-list(ph). And everybody would come up there, I mean, all kind of movie stars, all kind of football stars, basketball stars, actors. And I had a spot right there in (unintelligible) overlooking the (unintelligible). And the people that I had coming up there - now, the substance abuse, it was around because a lot of people who would come to see me would bring it. But I would never really say I had a habit or anything like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : My relatives brought the feeling of Jackson, Mississippi to Indianapolis.","questions":"How did PersonA adapt their music style?","answer":"Feeling"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me. It's a pleasure to be with you.","Now, President Trump tweeted last month, all agree the U. S.  president has the complete power to pardon. So how did the Founding Fathers intended for the presidential pardon to be applied?","Well, they saw it in several ways. They obviously set up a system with pretty robust checks and balances. And the pardon power was intended to be part of that. Where the justice system had produced a miscarriage of justice, it was possible for the president to step in and provide a check against the judicial branch. Or framers like Alexander Hamilton saw the pardon power as a policy instrument. You know, if you had a rebellion or some kind of insurgency, the offer of clemency might restore tranquility to the Commonwealth, as he put it. So there were both reasons of individual mercy and broader public policy that have motivated the use of the pardon power over time.","So then how is the pardon of Joe Arpaio different from other presidential pardons?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : How is the pardon of Joe Arpaio unique compared to other presidential pardons?","questions":"What was the difference between the pardon of Joe Arpaio and other presidential pardons?","answer":"Clemency"}
{"text":["Yes. The big topic, of course, is what he'll say about the president's unfounded claims that Barack Obama wiretapped his phones. He has also accused British intelligence of wiretapping his phones on behalf of Barack Obama. There's been no evidence produced for those claims. The British have pushed back against them strongly. People on the Hill say they have not seen any evidence of this, and Comey will be asked about that first and foremost.","OK.  And over at the Senate, the first hearings for President Trump's nomination for the Supreme Court - what kind of reception is he going to get?","Well, that's going to be the big event of the week. Neil Gorsuch, who has been nominated by Donald Trump, is going to be asked a lot of questions about his views on executive power, about Donald Trump's comments disparaging judges and the entire court system. This is one of Donald Trump's most important early initiatives. The Republicans have 52 votes in the Senate. They say if they have to change the rules so they won't need 60 to confirm him, they will do that. So it's going to be very, very hard for the Democrats to stop him. But this is just the first of many, many judicial vacancies that Donald Trump will have the opportunity to fill because of the age of judges on the bench right now and the number of vacancies.","And something else we're looking at, obviously, is what's happening on Thursday - a much anticipated vote in the House. They're voting on the repeal-and-replace legislation for Obamacare. Does Speaker Ryan have the votes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This turn has a literal meaning of altering or modifying established regulations or guidelines. However, in this context, it is used to refer to the Republicans' willingness to change the Senate rules to confirm Gorsuch with a simple majority vote rather than the usual 60-vote threshold required for Supreme Court nominees.","questions":"How might Republicans confirm Gorsuch?","answer":"Majority"}
{"text":["Well, it's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you.","Can you recreate for us in a sense, like our town does, a summer day at that house you loved?","Basically, people woke up as early as they could, as close to dawn. Everyone was kind of on their own once the kids got older and could take care of themselves to fix something for breakfast and start the day however they wanted as long as they were busy.","There was no television, barely a radio. And it would be tuned into very infrequently, generally when the Red Sox were playing. And all you got were scratchy sounds anyway. People were left to just, I guess, invite the outdoors into their hearts and their souls."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - Implied meaning: Can you describe to us the atmosphere of summer days at the house you loved? ","questions":"How did people start their days on summer days at the house?","answer":"Atmosphere"}
{"text":["It's great to be with you, Ira. Thank you.","I'm just looking at the abstract of your study, and some of these numbers are amazing. Seventy-two percent, 72 of all Americans think that global warming should be a very high or medium or a priority for the president and the Congress. That crosses all party lines.","It does. It includes 84 percent of Democrats, 68 percent of independents and 52 percent of Republicans. So yes, there is this difference between Democrats and Republicans. But nonetheless, a majority of Republicans do think that global warming should be a priority for our elected officials.","So why are we all under the impression that there is not this majority?","Ah. Great question. So one of the things that became very clear to us early in our research was that Americans don't speak with a single voice on this issue. And in fact, what we've identified is what we call a global warming's six Americas, that essentially you can look at the country and find that there are six very different communities within the United States, that each respond to this issue in very different ways. One group we call the alarmed. That's only about 12 percent of the public."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  It does. It includes 84 percent of Democrats, 68 percent of independents and 52 percent of Republicans. So yes, there is this difference between Democrats and Republicans. But nonetheless, a majority of Republicans do think that global warming should be a priority for our elected officials. (Literal meaning: stating the breakdown of support for global warming priority among different political affiliations)","questions":"How many Republicans support global warming priority?","answer":"52"}
{"text":["Debates can matter. They may not decide the race. Lots of social scientists have told us over and over that they don't. And there's polling evidence that their impact is perhaps limited and temporary. But in the popular imagination, including those of a lot of us journalists, the debates are a dramatic moment. They're a dramatic high point in the campaign. And they come just at the time when people are starting to really pay attention.","And in fact, in some states, even starting to vote.","That is correct. They - a number of states have begun their voting as of the Friday of this past week.","Yeah. Both sides right now claim, oh, you know, we just hope to hold our own. We think the other side is such a better debater."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the actual meaning is that both sides are downplaying their chances of success in the debate, even though they may privately believe that they will perform better than the other side. The implied meaning is that both sides are likely overestimating their own abilities and underestimating their opponent's abilities, and that the outcome of the debate may be more uncertain than either side is willing to admit.","questions":"Which side may be underestimating their opponent's abilities in the debate?","answer":"Both"}
{"text":["What do you think - if this decision is permanent, what do you think the U. S.  will miss by not being a member of UNESCO?","Oh, I think the U. S.  will miss a lot. It's a big loss for the United Nations family because we are part of this family. It is a big role for multilateralism. But I believe it is also a loss for the U. S.","Irina Bokova is director general of UNESCO. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you very much for inviting me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is thanking the guest for appearing on the show and expressing appreciation for their insight","questions":"How did the speaker express their gratitude towards the guest in turn 2?","answer":"Thanks"}
{"text":["No, not at all. And I've been pretty much apolitical my entire adult life. But this election is obviously quite different than previous presidential elections. So I just thought - I thought it was necessary to jump in and use my voice.","Why?","The prospects of Donald Trump being president just scare the hell out of me. And that's coming after having initially, you know, supported him and hoped that he would be 180 degrees different from what he turned out to be.","I mean, am I wrong?I seem to remember there was a time when you offered to be the running mate for either of them.","Oh, sure. Yeah, a lot of that was a little bit tongue-in-cheek. I didn't really expect that to happen. But, you know, there was a time when Donald first got into the race where I would talk to him on the phone."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"scare the hell out of me\" - This is an idiomatic expression that means to frighten someone a lot.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the prospects of Donald Trump being president?","answer":"Afraid"}
{"text":["Finally, the Senate Judiciary Committee is expected to vote next week on the Brett Kavanaugh nomination to the Supreme Court. There were grave charges this week that surfaced, alleging that Brett Kavanaugh committed a sexual assault during high school. What do we know about this?","According to The New Yorker, a woman who knew Kavanaugh in high school notified her congresswoman, and also Senator Dianne Feinstein, that at a party back in the early '80s, Kavanaugh had held her down and tried to force himself on her. Now Kavanaugh emphatically denies that, and Feinstein didn't bring this up during the confirmation hearings.","The White House suggests this is an eleventh-hour stalling tactic. And yesterday, Chuck Grassley, the Republican chairman of the Judiciary Committee, released a letter signed by 65 women who say they knew Kavanaugh in high school and testifying to his good character.","NPR's Scott Horsley, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies that the New Yorker's testimony about Kavanaugh sexual assault was countered by the 65 women signatories to Kavanaugh good character in High school.","questions":"What was the evidence presented by 65 women in support of Kavanaugh's character during high school?","answer":"Character"}
{"text":["He is. But he also made a point when he put out a statement saying they would look at this is that he's still a very strong supporter of the Second Amendment, so I wouldn't expect a big fundamental change here. I think what he's saying is if they can present - and he's directed Republican chairmen to work with Democrats - if they can come up with something that can pass with overwhelming support in the Senate, he would be willing to bring it to the floor. But, again, he's not promising an outcome. He's just promising a debate.","So that's the Republicans. But briefly, Sue, the Democrats are really talking about this, not just as a gun debate but also as a hate crime, right?","Right. It wasn't just about guns. It was about race, and they have noted that there's things that they could look for this fall in spending bills to beef up how the government spends its resources to combat white supremacy. And that might be a different kind of debate we hear this fall.","All right. That's NPR's congressional correspondent Sue Davis. Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Democrate are really taking about race and resources to combat white supremacy.","questions":"What specifically are the Democrats addressing in addition to the gun debate?","answer":"Race"}
{"text":["Help us understand how - what life has been like in Venezuela over the past few years that's brought the country to this point.","Venezuela's shockingly misgoverned. It's hard to wrap your head around a country that has lost half of its GDP in five years without a war. That's worse economic performance than Syria. It's the - only the first case of hyperinflation in Latin America in the 21st century. Inflation is running at over 1 million percent a year, and prices are doubling every three weeks or so. And so what we've seen is a mass exodus. People have just walked - in many cases, actually walked - tens, hundreds of kilometers to the border of Colombia and Brazil to find a better life in neighboring countries.","So it's a first humanitarian crisis in South America in the 21st century. And neighboring countries have never seen anything like it. Colombia had to send a fact-finding team to the Turkish-Syrian border to figure out how to deal with an influx of hundreds of thousands of desperate, hungry people.","Can your reporters operate freely?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : mass exodus meaning people leaving in large numbers to escape the situation they no longer wish to be a part of","questions":"How did the situation in Venezuela lead to a mass exodus?","answer":"Crisis"}
{"text":["What do you think needs to change now for the culture of harassment and sexual abuse to shift?","Well, I think what we're doing now is the biggest part. What has kept this quiet for so long is the fact that every victim felt that they were alone and felt that they were the only one. And they felt that their pain wasn't a big enough deal to bring it up and inconvenience other people. But now that you're seeing that so many other people are suffering and you're not the only one, we're all starting to stand up and do something about it. So we need to continue to talk about it, and we need to continue to find ways to keep this from happening anymore.","Kyle Stephens, I hope you can step out of the limelight for a while and, yeah, continue to heal. Thank you so much for talking with us.","Thanks, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People are starting to notice and take action on the issue.","questions":"Which issue?","answer":"Harassment"}
{"text":["When you say that this law is intended to create a firewall around the state, do you think that this is where things are headed - where certain states will allow access to abortions and other states simply won't?","That's certainly my fear, and that was why this was so important to get passed before we adjourned. And, you know, ultimately, I've been working on this issue my entire adult life.","And I used to say, if Roe falls. And for the last year, I've been saying, when Roe falls. And it, frankly, still feels like a gut-punch every time I say it. But I think that there has been this very strategic and determined process by the other side to get cases into the pipeline that will ultimately lead to Roe falling.","Do you think that Democrats and people who support abortion rights have been outmaneuvered?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Pipeline here means the various people that need to know about it.","questions":"What does \"pipeline\" refer to in turn 2?","answer":"People"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. But you see what I mean?Because it is about perception and how we need to be - to understand what we're seeing before we can really see it, that's really key to understanding this whole issue of climate change and why we see or don't see what's right in front of us.","What drew you to monarchs in the first place?","I had really wanted to write about the subject for a long time. I live in southern Appalachia. I am surrounded by neighbors and friends - people I respect very much - who don't really understand climate change or believe in it, even though, as farmers, they're getting socked by it. We've had unprecedented, disastrous weather time and again. So it's such a strange contradiction that the people in our continent who are first to feel the harm of a changing climate are the last to be able to talk about it.","That was such a conundrum and such rich territory for a novel to tread, that I was just looking for the right way to get into the subject. And one morning, I just woke up with this vision in my eyes of millions of butterflies covering the forest behind my house. I just - I mean, I didn't actually see it. I imagined it. I woke up and there it was, and I knew that was it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Understanding climate change is not just about seeing, but also about perception.","questions":"What is key to understanding the issue of climate change according to A?","answer":"Perception"}
{"text":["Fungus Blues - I love it.","Fungus Blues.","And they fell in love. And, you know, my dad, he was trying to find another way of living other than the one that he was in.","(Singing) Hustle was your middle name when you were a young man.","What was it about his current way of living at the time that was dissatisfying?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This statement implies that the best time to hustle is at a younger age","questions":"What was the middle name of the person being described in line 3?","answer":"Hustle"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah.","It's wonderful, first of all.","Thank you.","I've enjoyed it. The very first cut on here is a very intriguing track. It's called \"Jailer,\" and some of the lyrics say, Jailer, I am in chains. You're in chains too. I wear uniforms. You wear uniforms, too. I'm a prisoner. You're a prisoner, too, Mister Jailer. Where did that come from?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The lyrics to the song imply the person working as a guard is in a very similar position to the person who is incarcerated","questions":"How does the song describe the guard's position?","answer":"similar"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me.","Does presenting Rabbit like this make your character into a kind of everywoman that spans all experience?","I was thinking of her not necessarily as an everywoman, but as Vietnam itself in certain kinds of ways. The book is very much about a character who can hear the voices of the dead. And I was very interested in trying to transform Vietnam from the perceptions that we have about it in the West. Typically, you know, when we think of Vietnam here in the United States, we think of it as a metaphor. You know, it's synonymous with the idea of a quagmire.","And we think of it as our problem."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : We think of Vietnam as our problem\u201d but not \u201cTypically, when we think of Vietnam here in the United States, we think of it as a metaphor\u201d which is the literal meaning of the turn.","questions":"Which country is mentioned in turn 3 as \"our problem\"?","answer":"UnitedStates."}
{"text":["I saw poofy hot pants. They were like, they were kind of like a poof skirt but done in a hot pants style.","So many regrettable. . .","Regrettable, regrettable fashion sense.","Just unfortunate that you just sort of go, OK, all right. Just X, you know, that X thing they have with Glamour?Yeah, a lot of that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B is describing a pair of shorts that have a poofy appearance, not actual pants made out of hot air.","questions":"Which clothing item did PersonB describe that appeared to be poofy but was actually shorts?","answer":"Shorts"}
{"text":["One of the roles that he may well play is kind of smoothing out the relations between President-elect Obama and his secretary of state to be, Hillary Clinton. The two were once rivals. Can you give an example of how he might go about in mediating, making sure that everything runs smoothly?","Well, I don't think you're going to have to ask that. Senator Hillary Clinton is a real pro. She's a great American. And she will know and understand her role. I just have no qualms about their needing any mediation whatsoever, and I don't think Jim Jones or anyone else will have to do it.","Can you give an example, politics aside, business aside, maybe of a time that you two shared together that just gave you a sense of what he was like?","We made a trip, as I recall, to the Balkans a good number of years ago when he was a one star general, and just sitting with and listening to him tell about the intricacies of situations there. He has a good handle on the problems that that faces."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite their past rivalry, Jim Jones may be needed to help smooth relations between Obama and Clinton","questions":"What is one of the roles that Jim Jones may play?","answer":"Smoothing"}
{"text":["If that was the concern initially, I've never heard it expressed in recent years. There are now so many people who have gotten out, and their stories have been corroborated by, you know, so many of these different people who've escaped that it's, you know, North Korea is as bad as they say, and perhaps even worse.","But, you know, I would like to say that the stories are also inspiring. You hear these terrible things, and sometimes I go to sleep at night thinking about the horrible stories I'd heard about life in North Korea. But at the same time, it's very positive to think that after six decades of totalitarian repression, there are people who are still longing for freedom and have the courage to go after it.","Yet it raises the question of the many more who are still inside that hell on Earth.","Indeed. And the 24,000, 25,000 who have gotten out are a drop in the bucket when you consider there are still 25 million people enslaved in North Korea. However, the North Koreans who escape are small in number, but they have provided a huge service, two ways. One is that they've educated all of us about the reality of life in North Korea. Nobody can say today that we didn't know. We now know about the gulag. We know about the way the government uses food as a political tool. We know all of this."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Even though the conversation is centered on the North Koreans who have escaped, turn (3) highlights the fact that there are still millions of people living under the oppressive regime in North Korea, and their plight should not be overlooked or forgotten.","questions":"Which turn emphasizes the millions of people still living under the oppressive regime in North Korea?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["They also break up the states into more subregions than the current exit polls do. They think that this is going to help them be more accurate. And Fox and AP are pretty confident that their results are better than the traditional exit polls in some ways. They actually did shadow polls with the new system in three big specials this year - special elections in the 6th Congressional District in Georgia, the New Jersey governor's race and the Alabama Senate race. And guess what - they got the winner right in all three.","That sounds promising. But are there pitfalls to this way of doing things?I mean, are people asking questions about whether or not they are going to be able to keep their winning streak?","Yes (laughter). And there's a big degree of risk when you're not actually speaking to voters. They're not actually speaking to people who have gone and voted. There's always a number of people who say they're going to vote who don't. And this is an experiment. AP and Fox - even though they're putting this - they're operationalizing this, they acknowledge that there are some demographic shortcomings. They found this in their tests in their poll. They underestimated in Alabama, for example, the number of black voters who would show up. But like scientists, they acknowledge those shortcomings. And they're going to be tinkering with their models along the way. So we may have something good eventually, but it's a whole new Wild West era here.","What has been the reaction to this from the pollsters at this conference that you're at?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The new system was tried against the old and was found to be correct.","questions":"How did the new system perform in the three big specials?","answer":"Right"}
{"text":["\"VIC\" (Member, Overeaters Anonymous): Hi.","Vic, I want to start with you, and I want to be very specific. Give me an example of a day when you completely lost control over your eating.","\"VIC\": It wasn't a day. It was the day before (Laughing) and that day and the next day. But anyway - OK, so I wake up in the morning, totally hung over. Dr.  Lerner - Marty - described very well, you know, having lost control. So, I wake up, I feel terrible, and the last thing I want to do, I think in my rational brain, is eat because I feel so bad. And yet, I know that if I take one bite of anything, I'll be off and running. And I'm scared. I'm really scared.","Let me just ask one thing. When you say hung over, do you mean hung over from overeating or hung\u2026"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : VIC lost control over eating for multiple days, not just one day","questions":"What was the duration of VIC's loss of control over eating?","answer":"Multiple"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah. Hopefully, you know?So whereas in America, you know, you sort of smoothed the edges and you've just put, you know, you've put makeup on. That's what you've done. We're still in the very, you know, you still see all of our imperfections. Whereas in America you try to put a lot of makeup, but the imperfections are still there. And I find that that's the most interesting thing for me.","The changes that we've seen in South Africa over those 17 years are little short of phenomenal.","Yes. It's been amazing. It was a bloodless revolution, you know, because the difference has been - in America, black people have been fighting for their freedom and for their identity and so on, but as a minority. In South Africa, you had a white majority rule, ruling over \u2014 I mean, this is Africa. This is the home of black. It was the black factory. So I mean this is, you know, it was a very different story and never before has there been a bloodless revolution in Africa.","Is there much of a tradition of comedy in South Africa, particularly tweaking the powers that be?You don't think of John Vorster. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is pointing out the cultural differences between America and their country, where America tends to cover up imperfections while their country embraces them. Implicated meaning: The speaker values authenticity and honesty over superficial appearances.","questions":"Which quality does the speaker value over superficial appearances?","answer":"Authenticity"}
{"text":["I felt that way, sometimes the way she looked at me. But you know, writing this book, I also discovered her vulnerability, that despite her domineering personality, she suffered all her life from a lack, her own mother having died when she was so very young; her first husband, with whom she was so much in love on the first night of their wedding, discovering that he was going to die of a disease that he had never told her about before their wedding. And she always wanted to be a public woman, an independent woman, and that dream was never fulfilled. So, I realized how much she tried to invest in me. And that put a great burden on me, but in some ways, she gave a lot in order for me to become independent and to fulfill her dream in a sense. So, finishing this book, I feel maybe I was not as much as a disappointment as I sometimes feel I was.","And where was your father in this, in all this?I mean, you write in your book that you were very, very close with him. And I'm just wondering, you have this very intense, tortured relationship with your mother. . .","Yeah.","And where is your father?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite her domineering personality, she suffered from a lack","questions":"How did the subject suffer?","answer":"lack"}
{"text":["Well, here's the interesting part. The scientific heavyweights like the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration didn't fare any better than the almanac last year, which makes you wonder: Is seasonal prediction even possible?Here to talk about it is Jason Samenow. He's a chief meteorologist for the Capital Weather Gang at The Washington Post. He joins us from NPR in Washington. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you for having me on.","So what are the predictions look like this year, and then should we pay attention to them?","There is a ton of uncertainty about what this winter's going to bring across much of the country. And that has to do with the fact that El Nino - which is the episodic warming of the equatorial Pacific, which was predicted to develop by now - really hasn't behaved as expected. So when we have an El Nino, we typically see warm and dry conditions across the Northern Tier and wet and cold conditions across the Southern Tier. But it has pretty much baffled forecasters in that it hasn't developed as models have predicted."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : El Nino hasn't behaved as expected, making winter predictions uncertain","questions":"How does El Nino affect winter predictions?","answer":"Uncertainty"}
{"text":["It's becoming a new Thanksgiving tradition. This year, like the year before, the newest installment of \"The Hunger Games\" movie franchise \"Mockingjay Part 1\" is an adaptation of the first half of Suzanne Collins third and final book in the series. And with the backdrop of what's been happening in the world, protests in Ferguson, Missouri, and shakeup at the Capitol - Capitol Hill that is. Audiences look for comparisons between the fictitious world of Panem and the real world. We're joined now by Stephen Carter, a professor of law at Yale, a novelist and columnist for Bloomberg View, where he writes regularly on popular culture. Stephen, thanks so much for being back with us.","It's my pleasure, Scott.","I'm just guessing you don't watch \"Hunger Games\" the way a lot of other people do.","You're right. I'm looking for tropes and ideas that are going to leap out of the film into public life. And one that's really striking about the \"Hunger Games\" franchise is how more than really anything else in recent years in popular culture, so many of the symbols - the nation of Panem itself with its deep wealth inequalities, the notion of the Capitol, this barricaded wealthy city and of course, Katniss Everdeen herself, the hero. All of these things have not only leapt into the public imagination, but they are regular features of political argument."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"installment\" - This word literally means a portion of something, but in this context, it refers to a movie or book in a series.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the symbols from \"The Hunger Games\" franchise?","answer":"Regular"}
{"text":["You know, that sign has really drawn a lot of hatred. It seems there are some of these signs and events that seem to engender a lot of anger, you know, backlash. And I think that's kind of what we're witnessing in this country as a whole right now. There is a certain amount of backlash. It's kind of this idea of we want to take it back or we want to - this is ours. It's almost like wanting to say, you know, you have this icon or this symbol, and we don't like it. And so we're going to take it back or we're going to deface it or we're going to erase it. Which is really fascinating when you think about it. You know, like, we don't like this history, so we're going to try to erase it.","The we you're talking about there is white people, and you're linking this to the broader, you know, rise we have seen of certain white nationalist, white supremacist groups.","Yeah. I think there's been - within recent years, I mean, the - those groups have been emboldened to be able to speak more boldly that, you know, kind of some of their white nationalist or white supremacist views and things like that and be bold about it.","That's Jerry Mitchell. He runs the Mississippi Center for Investigative Reporting.","Jerry Mitchell, thank you very much.","Thanks for having me, appreciate it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to draw a lot of hatred means something got a ton of hatred or anger towards it","questions":"How did the sign mentioned in the conversation make people feel? (Answer: Hatred)","answer":"Hatred"}
{"text":["And in talking to Smith, he's really thought a lot about what - why we have such a strong reaction to looking at embryos, and he's found this firsthand. I mean, and he gets emails all the time and sort of unpacks these questions, like, you know, is it - when you look at these pictures, does it strike you as more human or less human than you would have imagined, he asks. This is what he asked audience when he shows them. What is your experience with seeing these pictures in the past?You know, he said imagine 300 or 400 years ago, would - how would people imagine what an embryo is?This is a technologically. . .","Yeah. Yeah.",". . .  mediated experience.","And not only that, he's taken the technology faster - further, as you show. He's done MRIs, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply an acknowledgement or agreement, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker may not be fully engaged or interested in the conversation. It could be interpreted as a way of signaling disinterest or a desire to move on to a different topic.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Impatience"}
{"text":["Thank you.","In general, these hearings, the questioning has been chopped up into five-minute increments back and forth between Democrats and Republicans. Do you think this works, especially for something where we know that there are two very distinct narratives and a great deal of polarization?","I think it can be very productive given the fact that they are planning for it. They are rehearsing. They're having mock sessions - at least the Democrats are, Republicans may be doing something similar - because the five-minute increments are highly disruptive. A trend of questioning tends to peter out at - given five-minute switch from the Republicans to the Democrats and vice versa. So I'm looking for a rather smooth hearing on this one.","Do you think by rehearsing what the Democrats are trying to do is sort of develop a line of questioning and try and get a coherent narrative in place?","Well, the first part of this hearing, I actually testified back in June, and I know that the Democrats at least are preparing for these sort of things in a very conscientious way. And I learned it because they said, listen; when you're out there, we are going to ask you questions about A, B, C, D and E.  And they said they would have graphics for that. I didn't watch the hearings after I testified, but I did see the graphics when they were asking me about them. And that's really a process of building a record as well of what is very important to understand in this event."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It is not chopped but divided bluntly into increments.","questions":"How is the questioning divided during the hearings?","answer":"Divided"}
{"text":["When I get into the personal material, I'm really thinking about what it means to transition from states of longing to states of having and dwelling and inhabiting. I'm really trying to examine, OK, what is it like to have things, to have relationships, to have people close by, and how is that state of having introduce a whole different set of complexities than states of longing?","There's also a tension that you draw out within yourself. You tell the story of your pregnancy, while at the same time telling the story of how you were diagnosed with an eating disorder in college. And I wonder if you could read just a bit of that section.","Yeah.","(Reading) Pregnancy wasn't a liberation from prior selves so much as a container holding every prior version of myself at once. I didn't get to shed my ghosts so fully. It was easy to call my doctor absurd when she'd chided me for gaining 5 pounds in a month rather than 4 and harder to admit that I'd honestly felt shamed by her in that moment. It was harder to admit the part of me that felt a secret thrill every time a doctor registered concern that I was, quote, \"measuring small. \"This pride was something I'd wanted desperately to leave behind. I worried that it was impeding your growth, which was really just the distillation of a deeper fear - that I would infect you with my own broken relationship to my body, that you would catch it like a dark inheritance."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : a tension you draw out within yourself means that the writer likes to use tension really effectively in writing.","questions":"How does the writer describe her pregnancy?","answer":"Container"}
{"text":["You know, that sign has really drawn a lot of hatred. It seems there are some of these signs and events that seem to engender a lot of anger, you know, backlash. And I think that's kind of what we're witnessing in this country as a whole right now. There is a certain amount of backlash. It's kind of this idea of we want to take it back or we want to - this is ours. It's almost like wanting to say, you know, you have this icon or this symbol, and we don't like it. And so we're going to take it back or we're going to deface it or we're going to erase it. Which is really fascinating when you think about it. You know, like, we don't like this history, so we're going to try to erase it.","The we you're talking about there is white people, and you're linking this to the broader, you know, rise we have seen of certain white nationalist, white supremacist groups.","Yeah. I think there's been - within recent years, I mean, the - those groups have been emboldened to be able to speak more boldly that, you know, kind of some of their white nationalist or white supremacist views and things like that and be bold about it.","That's Jerry Mitchell. He runs the Mississippi Center for Investigative Reporting.","Jerry Mitchell, thank you very much.","Thanks for having me, appreciate it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to draw a lot of hatred means something got a ton of hatred or anger towards it","questions":"Which sign?","answer":"conversation"}
{"text":["Those of who are interested, who have taken the time to listen to historians, listen to money experts tell us what might happen when that ratio of the debt to the gross product of the country gets big, and it's so big that it's carrying 200 or 300 percent, they just tell you right off you don't have any functioning country.","And last - what is it, last year, the - one of the rating agencies cut the U. S.  AAA rating for the first time not because there was any great concern about the economy of the United States but because of dysfunction in Washington, because the various parties could not agree.","You got it, my friend. They did that, and they're apt to do more. And right now I guess the point we ought to talk about to you and your listeners, understanding that I'm not there, and I'm not a player, a participant, but yet I'm a player, one of the outside groups that finds his way in through cracks and corners and talks to the people over there.","I think they are trying to get something, led by the secretary of the Treasury, who's Geithner. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A large national debt will lead to a non-functional country.","questions":"How might a large national debt affect a country's functionality?","answer":"Non-functional"}
{"text":["No. It's a tie right now at 50\/50, which does make it rather tense. But there is no sign yet of a third Republican turning against DeVos. And if it's a tie on the floor next week as we expect it to be, that will be broken by the president of the Senate, who is, of course, Vice President Mike Pence.","A CNN-ORC poll out yesterday gives President Trump a 52 percent - 53 percent disapproval rating. That's the lowest of any new U. S.  president since polling began. Does this make some Republicans in Congress rethink their support for his policies?","No, or at least not yet, not at this point. After last year, we need to remember polls are just polls. And besides, Donald Trump is still very popular among Republicans, and Republican members of Congress care first and foremost about their own voters.","I have to ask you about this finally. The president chose the national - the White House prayer breakfast to unload on Arnold Schwarzenegger, former governor of California, the man who succeeded him as host of \"The Apprentice. \"The president said, they hired a big, big movie star to take my place. We know how that's turned out. The ratings went right down the tubes. It's been a total disaster."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implication: By attacking Arnold Schwarzenegger, the President was actually expressing his own insecurities and dissatisfaction with the fact that he was replaced on the show.","questions":"Which show did Arnold Schwarzenegger succeed the President on?","answer":"Apprentice"}
{"text":["Four. Four. We have two children.","You're a fam of four. And you are in the hospital, all four of you?","Were in the hospital, yes.","So what do you plan to do when the storm stops?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B is asking about A's plans after the storm, assuming that they are in the hospital for a reason.","questions":"How is PersonB assuming the reason for PersonA's hospital stay?","answer":"Reason"}
{"text":["So it's sort of the end of era, then, for all of us who have seen him and visited the Galapagos and got to watch him poke around a little bit. It's sort of the end of an era.","It is definitely the end of an era, and everyone down here on last Sunday, when we got the news, it was a very difficult time for all of us both for the individual Lonesome George and for the fact that we lost this subspecies forever.","It also was an interesting thing here because it kind of reinforced the importance of the work we do and the future and trying to ensure that no other species or subspecies are lost in Galapagos. And the timing itself is interesting, as we have an international workshop planned for next week that is convened by the Galapagos National Park and part-organized by Galapagos Conservancy to discuss the tortoise situation on all of the islands and look at the next 10 years of research and management leading to better tortoise population restoration throughout the archipelago.","Have you been able to restore the populations to any extent?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Have you been able to restore the populations to any extent?\" This turn has a literal meaning. It asks whether any progress has been made in increasing the population of the tortoises.","questions":"Which subspecies did they lose forever?","answer":"Lonesome"}
{"text":["I think that, you know, the fantasy genre, it lets you explore all these human emotions and feelings. But now, going back and learning about his passion for language and realizing that each word, name of a place or person, it's steeped in so much history and thought that you realize that the reason these worlds feel so realistic and are easy to disappear into are because of the amount of work he put into it - and building maps so that he could figure out how long it would take a character to travel from this area to this area and if they could reliably be there in the time it needed for the story to work and make sense. And just things that - the depth of his knowledge and creation was incredible.","So last question, I understand that you can speak some Elvish now (laughter) as part. . .","(Laughter).",". . . Of your going into the characters. I was wondering if you could say something for us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : You don't disappear but get involved in the story due to the worlds.","questions":"Which genre allows you to explore human emotions and feelings?","answer":"Fantasy"}
{"text":["How hopeful are you that this outbreak can be contained?","Specifically in Uganda, they are very well-prepared. But the way the response is going in the DRC is very concerning. There's a lot of scale-up and better coordination and closely working with the community. There's a lot of armed groups operating in the area. There's a tax on Ebola workers. NGOs are forced to suspend their programming on a regular basis.","And so it's really important that we gain the trust of the community in the DRC, that people make sure they're starting to bring suspected cases into the clinics because we're still seeing a lot of cases in the communities, which shows that people are not trusting the response, and they're not bringing their loved ones into the clinics for treatment. So in order to stop it spreading, we have to stop it in the source, which is in North Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo.","Kellie Ryan with the International Rescue Committee in Uganda. We reached her by Skype. Kellie, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The response to the Ebola outbreak in DRC is not going well and there are a lot of challenges to overcome","questions":"How concerning is the response to the Ebola outbreak in the DRC?","answer":"concerning"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. That's the thing about everything in life, kind of, is that you kind of have to try certain things out to figure out what you want. So it's like you should always be able to have that moment of, like, figuring out who you are by using a bunch of different things that you've heard already. And then instead of still doing that for your whole career, which I think some people do, you have to take that and, like, digest it and then come out with something that's everything combined. And it's your own thing.","(Singing) Where did you go?I should know. But it's cold. And I don't want to be lonely. So show me the way home. I can't lose another life.","I get that sense of being real is something deeply important.","It's very important for me. I just feel uncomfortable having things be disingenuous. Like, I just have a big thing about honesty and, like, real. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is not literally talking about honesty and being real but rather expressing their discomfort with situations that feel inauthentic.","questions":"How would you describe the PersonA's attitude towards inauthenticity?","answer":"Discomfort"}
{"text":["Do you ever feel that way, you're just so tired of singing, but you know you have to because that song is so closely associated with who you are?","Well \"Band of Gold\" would be it, but by the time I get to the end of the show, and I'm coming back for that last encore\u2026","(Singing) Now that you're gone, all that's left is a band of gold\u2026","A lot of times, I will do \"Band of Gold,\" and as a matter of fact, I - and I find that it's a good thing because I see people in the audience just light up, like (unintelligible)\u2026"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"A lot of times, I will do 'Band of Gold,' and as a matter of fact, I - and I find that it's a good thing because I see people in the audience just light up, like (unintelligible)\u2026\" - The implied meaning here is that the person often performs \"Band of Gold,\" and they enjoy doing so because they observe that it brings joy to their audience and creates a positive atmosphere.","questions":"Which song does the person often perform?","answer":"Band-of-Gold"}
{"text":["I was struck by a phrase in Chris Arnold's piece about the dollar being the bedrock currency for much of the world. Is that jeopardized?","Very much so. Treasury debt is the only risk-free asset in the world. It undergirds the world's financial system, it's in everybody money market's funds. You know, China, among many other countries, buys Treasury bills like crazy - over a trillion dollars. So, if you'd have to start factoring in risk, even if it's political risk, into our debt, you know, two things happen. The rest of the world becomes less enchanted with buying it, and our interest payments - what the government has to pay to issue that debt will rise substantially.","Can I get you to play out your scenario about what happens if October 17 comes and there's no agreement?","I don't think that much will happen on October 17th. I think there's a little wiggle room. What happens on October 17th is the government loses its borrowing authority and it can only pay out the cash it has on hand. However, if we got to the end of the month and the United States missed a bond payment, I believe that you would have an event that is three, four, five, six times worse than the Lehman Brothers of five years ago. Because the banks rely on treasuries to trade with each other overnight. That's how they fund themselves. And if you take away trust in the financial system or U. S.  debt, it will be cataclysmic. The banks will freeze up. There will be no borrowing. It'll be like Lehman. The stock market will go down. It has the potential to be a true out-and-out disaster."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Play out your scenario\" does not mean that someone is going to act out a script or a play. It means that someone is going to explain or describe a possible scenario or situation.","questions":"How does turn 3 relate to the concept of trust in the financial system?","answer":"Explanation"}
{"text":["Well, it's about four, five, six percent. But we also asked questions about whether or not people would change their minds. You can add an additional about 20 percent of voters who are picking a candidate in the month of September, but are still saying they might change their mind how they're going to vote. When you add those two numbers together, you get almost to a quarter of the electorate in Ohio that could change its mind between now and Election Day.","And the number one issue, as it is in many places in the country, the economy?","The economy is the number one issue. And one of the things that makes it very difficult for a candidate to campaign in Ohio is that when they come to Ohio to talk about the economy, they can't just talk about a single aspect. When you talk to folks in the northern part of the state, northeast Ohio which includes Cleveland, and northwest Ohio which includes Toledo, when you're talking about the economy there, oftentimes the discussion is about trade.","When you talk about the economy in southwest Ohio, which is the Cincinnati area, there's much less talk about trade, and more discussion about wages and the salaries that people are making. The southeast area of the state, which is also known in part because of the Appalachian history of that part of the state, has high unemployment. A number of counties in southeast Ohio have double-digit unemployment. Many people in that region are talking about and focused on unemployment, solely as their economic concern."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"talk about a single aspect\" - actual meaning: talk about a single element or component","questions":"What is the topic of discussion in northeast and northwest Ohio when talking about the economy?","answer":"trade"}
{"text":["This was after years of drift. There is this new energy, this new vigor in this relationship, and there's also enormous excitement, Scott, over the president and the first lady returning to India. The president has this coveted seat at this dazzling display of Indian military hardware during Monday's Republic Day parade, which is actually meant to commemorate the Constitution. And he'll see in a flyover this huge U. S. -made Super Hercules lifter, a testament to the close defense ties between India and the U. S.","And is the president arriving at a time of enthusiasm in India?","Oh, he certainly is. They're here at a very heavy time. The stock market is on this bull run. It's hitting record highs. The IMF predicts that India's growth will actually outpace China's by 2016. So there's this energy here and there's this hope for improving the lives of 1. 2 billion people, but that requires a lot of change. And that's what the president won't necessarily see - the 300 million Indians who don't have electricity, the 600 million who don't have access to clean toilets.","Speaking of energy, should we expect anything concrete out of these meetings?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"concrete out of these meetings\" is a figurative expression that means specific, tangible results or agreements that are expected to emerge from the meetings.","questions":"What does \"concrete\" refer to in turn 3?","answer":"Results"}
{"text":[". . . and copied the symbols that most closely resembled the text. And we had a friend who lived across the street who was an artist, and he helped me translate it into proper copy. And then we resubmitted it to Stan.","And Stan was stuck.","And so he smiled, accepted defeat, and this became the first page of this book.","All right, so this came to light recently because Stanley Fischer was head of the Bank of Israel, and he's nominated to be vice chairman of the U. S.  Federal Reserve. Somebody got the idea that it was about time to find out what this is all about, I gather.","Somebody thought - somebody in my team thought that it would be fun to actually put this as a challenge, and basically promised a prize to whoever would be able to make sense of that page."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Despite the initial difficulty, the team persevered and eventually succeeded in translating the text.","questions":"How did the team handle the initial difficulty?","answer":"Translated"}
{"text":["So what about this contest?","What the CDC is trying to do is not just figure out what's going on right now with the flu, but what's going to happen in a week or two weeks out. Traditionally, we do what's called surveillance, which is what's going on right now in the United States. And that's a really hard problem because if you think about it, without using something like Twitter, you have to ask people what's going on. And the CDC does this; they do a very good job. But it takes them about two weeks to get those responses collected. What we're trying to do is predict things like what week is going to be the worst for the flu season; when is it going to end?","Do you run the risk of putting through the algorithms a lot of tweets from people who don't use, let's say, a word like fever in the same way people with flu would use it?","It's actually very tricky to use Twitter in order to get a flu rate. So, for example, someone might say, I have Bieber fever, which is not actually a disease that we care about tracking."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The literal meaning is that the CDC is trying to predict the severity and duration of the flu season by analyzing current data and using traditional surveillance methods. The actual meaning is that the CDC is exploring new methods of surveillance, such as using social media data to predict flu trends in real-time.","questions":"Which organization is trying to predict the severity and duration of the flu season by exploring new methods of surveillance?","answer":"CDC"}
{"text":["I don't have inside knowledge of what happened in the Ukraine matter, but it's clear to me that Yovanovitch was following the instructions that she was given by the State Department and she may have run afoul of whatever scheme Rudy Giuliani and likely the president were trying to play out in Ukraine.","Diplomacy is not a partisan issue between Democrats and Republicans. It's about serving American national interests. And I'm confident that's what Yovanovitch was trying to do.","The letter you and other foreign service professionals signed seemed to express particular concern about the implications, possible implications for replacing Ambassador Yovanovitch might have for the entire foreign service.","That's right. The letter was signed for two reasons; first, because many of the signatories know Yovanovitch, know her to be a person of impeccable integrity, someone who has served for more than three decades - both Republicans and Democrats - and has always done so with great distinction and received numerous awards and accolades for her work. But there's a larger issue here that goes beyond Yovanovitch."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She might have discovered the illegal activity Rudy Giuliani was conducting.","questions":"What was Yovanovitch possibly involved in?","answer":"Scheme"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Good morning.","What does Oklahoma want?","Well, I mean, really, they're looking for funding. They're looking for as much money as possible, as quickly as possible. I talked with Oklahoma Attorney General Mike Hunter, and he's the one who brought the lawsuit. And he told me that taking these companies to court is really the only way the state can fund opioid treatment. I mean, you've got to keep in mind that Oklahoma has the second-highest uninsured rate in the nation. The state hasn't expanded Medicaid. State legislators have really slashed public health funding in recent years. So add on top of that the huge opioid addiction crisis, and you've got very few facilities, and they're almost always full.","So I'm thinking this through from Johnson & Johnson's perspective. I guess if you're a business, you want to kind of get your liabilities, you know, in a predictable - into a predictable place, which might help explain why a couple of other big companies, pharmaceutical companies, settled their lawsuits with the state of Oklahoma. But Johnson & Johnson is going ahead. Why did they not settle the way that other companies have?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Oklahoma wants funding to help opioid treatment due to lack of support and high addiction crisis","questions":"How is Oklahoma dealing with the opioid crisis?","answer":"funding"}
{"text":["Oh, let's see. Who would be a good heating guy out there in the elements?I would say Russell Crowe, maybe.","I can see that. I can see that. . .","Yeah, I could see him with the big, frozen beard out there bearing the elements or maybe Mel Gibson. Unfortunately, I don't grow that full of a beard so I don't get that much protection, but, you know, you do what you can.","You've kept a lot of people warm and safe this year. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the person being addressed has kept a lot of people warm and safe throughout the year and is being thanked for it. The figurative meaning, however, is that the person being addressed has done something good or helpful for others and is being appreciated for it, but not necessarily in a literal sense of keeping them warm and safe.","questions":"How was the person being addressed appreciated by others in turn 3?","answer":"Thanked"}
{"text":["So what is the argument that tech companies make about the feasibility of designing technology that would satisfy everyone's concerns?","We're not all on the same page here. So most of us in the technology community are opposed to what we call backdoors that would allow law enforcement to tap in. And the reason is is if you put a backdoor in, hackers can presumably get a hold of that backdoor as well and break it open. So you make systems less secure for everyone if you do that.","At a Senate hearing this month, FBI Director James Comey says he thinks that experts in this field aren't really trying hard enough to give the government access without also putting confidential data at risk. That is, I took it to mean that he's - thinks that if you try hard enough, you can think of something that is not a backdoor, that's different so that not everybody could get into it.","You know, yes, you can always argue that a backdoor can be built that's more secure, you know, and more difficult to get to and only law enforcement's going to get there. But nobody in the field of security believes that's ultimately going to provide this same protection that a tight end-to-end solution has without a backdoor. So I don't think it's a lack of will. I think it's an issue of what people view as constitutional rights under the Fourth Amendment, number one, and what customers and business partners expect around the world from secure computing systems. And it's a difference of view."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : : In (3), James Comey is implying that experts in the field should be able to come up with a solution that would allow the government to access confidential data without compromising security, which is not the same as saying that if they try hard enough, they can come up with a different type of backdoor.","questions":"Which FBI director thinks that experts in the field should be able to come up with a solution that would allow the government to access confidential data without compromising security?","answer":"Comey"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon.","Tornadoes hit Oklahoma City last night. Five people are reported to have died, including a mother and her child. Nearly 90 people are being treated for injuries. The twister touched down in Oklahoma City and in nearby Moore and triggered flash floods and power outages. And, of course, we remember that Oklahomans are still recovering from tornadoes that hit a few weeks ago. Kurt Gwartney is the news director at our member station KGOU in Oklahoma City. He joins us now. Kurt, thanks so much for making time for us on a very busy morning.","You're welcome.","What's the latest news you can give us?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The tornadoes did not actually hit but touched down in the areas.","questions":"Which word describes where the tornadoes touched down?","answer":"Touched"}
{"text":["Right. Reckitt Benckiser made Suboxone Film. It was actually made by a division of the company called Indivior, which the parent company spun off five years ago. This is an opioid medication that's actually used to treat people recovering from addiction. You take it by dissolving it under your tongue rather than in tablet form. And back in April, Audie, the Justice Department filed criminal charges, claiming this drug was marketed using false claims that it's safer, less prone to abuse than cheaper alternative drugs. The feds said the company earned billions of dollars bilking healthcare providers and insurers, including Medicaid.","The $1. 4 billion - what is the U. S.  government going to do with that money?","Yeah. Well, most of this will go into the federal government's coffers. But interestingly here, $200 million will be divided up between any states that sign onto the settlement - the money going to reimburse their Medicaid budgets.","But if the company doesn't make this drug anymore and now you've got the spin-off company that makes it, why did they agree to this huge payout?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The company may be motivated to pay the settlement to avoid further legal complications.","questions":"Which motivation led to the company paying the settlement?","answer":"legal"}
{"text":["But second, I said you have to step up, Mr.  President. The moment you jump into this issue, you learn how complicated it is, how many decades in the making it is. But this is on our watch. This is our time, and these are your constituents, Mr.  President, just as they are mine.","And so to me, this is an opportunity to educate, an opportunity to pressure. And whether it is out of his heart or out of the movement that we build or just out of some people's disgust - because disgust for all of us should be in our hearts right now that we let Americans live on our streets and in shelters in the richest country on the face of the earth. So we will push, push, push this president and this administration to join this fight until the last day we're around.","That is the mayor of Los Angeles, Eric Garcetti.","Mr.  Mayor, thanks so much for talking to us.","Great to be with you, Michel. Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Step up,\" \"jump\" and \"our watch\" are all figurative, not literal. They mean that the President needs to take action on the issue and, in the last case, that the political party is in control now and has to take responsibility for governing.","questions":"How do the phrases \"step up,\" \"jump,\" and \"our watch\" relate to the President's actions according to the statement?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Was he in uniform?I mean, was this a. . .","He was in plainclothes, just driving in plainclothes.","Not that that makes it any better but still.","Well, at least they weren't dumb enough to go up to a fully uniformed police chief. But, you know, it's one of those things where we got one of the worst crime problems because there is no rhyme or reason to some of the things that are happening. You've got elderly gentlemen being beaten up at gas stations and people being afraid to come out of their homes at 5 P. M. It's not everywhere and it's not every neighborhood but it's enough that it's becoming what people think about living in Detroit.","Rochelle, Halloween's coming up and in Detroit that could mean Devil's Night."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies that the crime problem in Detroit is serious and that it has become a stereotype; ","questions":"How is the crime problem in Detroit portrayed?","answer":"Serious"}
{"text":["Will you try and legislate in spite of the president instead of with him?I mean, it seems that he is distracting from what the Republican Congress is trying to do.","Oh, absolutely. I think we'll move forward without that. I think that the president can certainly - I mean, it would be helpful, obviously, if the president makes that pivot - and I certainly hope that he does - where he's certainly more deliberate, more thoughtful in his approach - certainly gets off this Twitter stuff (laughter) - where, you know, I think that, as commander in chief - and I've said this before - that the men and women who serve this country in uniform want to see a president focused on the fact that we're a nation at war and not in a Twitter war with Rosie O'Donnell.","And so I think - I hope that this president can self-correct - this presidency can stabilize. But the Congress needs to move forward with policies that matter to the American people. And the president is doing something important right now in having visited Saudi Arabia - and to strengthen our alliance with Saudi Arabia, to counter that Iranian - Syrian, certainly under Assad, and Russia axis of power that is strengthening.","You know, you're talking about Twitter, but there were reports last week that the president disclosed sensitive intelligence information from Israel to Russian diplomats in an Oval Office meeting. You're a veteran. Do you have any concerns about the president's national security judgment, just briefly?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"legislate in spite of the president instead of with him\" - figurative meaning, implies that the Congress will pass laws even if the president is not in agreement with them.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of \"legislate in spite of the president instead of with him\"?","answer":"Pass"}
{"text":["Thanks, Michel.","Now, you've been reporting along the border all day. What have you seen?","Well, I was at the actual border this morning. It's a river that divides Mexico and Guatemala. And there was no presence of authorities there. So there are these inflatable rafts that carry people and goods across the river, and they were traveling without a problem across the river. So I saw several groups of migrants cross this morning. But things change as you move north on highways here.","So I'm currently at a highway checkpoint. There's about a dozen Mexican migration officers, as well as Mexican Army and Mexican police. And they're stopping every van and bus that comes by here and checking it for undocumented migrants.","So tell us a little bit more, if you would, about what happens to travelers who arrive at those checkpoints."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Authorities are not present to regulate illegal border crossings.","questions":"What was observed during the morning at the actual border?","answer":"Migrants"}
{"text":["Jeffrey Mann was once a hard driving college athlete. But his dreams were dashed when he suffered a series of injuries. He managed to make it to the conference finals in the 400-meter hurdle race, but came in dead last. Twenty-five years later, he decided that failure was not an option. Jeffrey Mann is a religion professor at Susquehanna University in Pennsylvania. And when we spoke with him, post-race, he told us his return to the track wasn't exactly by design.","It wasn't really planned. I had been exercising and working out and doing a little bit of running on my own. And I ended up in a conversation with the head coach, here, of the track team. And as we were talking, he found out a little bit about my history and where I was at and told me that there was a possibility for me to compete in a Division III intercollegiate competition.","But that sounds theoretical. You took it seriously.","I think I was a little bit overly optimistic when I first accepted the challenge. But I thought how much could I possibly have slowed down in 25 years?And so I decided to take on the challenge and compete as a - what they call an unattached runner at a college meet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"ended up\" in (2) means that the person did not plan to do something, but it happened anyway. ","questions":"What did the head coach find out about the person's history?","answer":"History"}
{"text":["Is he crankery and colorful, or does he cross the line?","Judge Ellis is a judge who is - likes to run a clean and efficient trial. He doesn't like trials to veer off - off course. In other words, he wants the parties to present the evidence that the jurors need to hear to render a decision. Along the way, he's active - maybe more active than other judges. He can be difficult to both parties, and he can be stern.","Is there any reason for either side to worry that there could be grounds for an appeal in his conduct so far?","I'd say no. The standard for a judge's behavior that would - in other words, that would rise to the level of an appellate issue - is fairly high. In essence, it has to be a situation where the judge is substituting - the effect of his conduct is to substitute his judgment for that of the jurors. Comments that he makes to counsel can be solved with a curative instruction. We saw that a couple of days ago.","Curative instruction meaning, I'm sorry I said that. Disregard that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Judge Ellis is a strict judge who likes to run a tight ship.","questions":"What kind of judge is Judge Ellis?","answer":"Efficient"}
{"text":["So, what do you make of all these pardons?","These pardons are a typical old practice in Russia and the Soviet Union. But, of course, President Vladimir Putin made a wonderful publicity show of pardoning Mikhail Khodorkovsky and this was totally unexpected. There had been talk about another trial against him. And instead, now he's already in Germany.","Let me ask you about what seemed to be, from Mr.  Putin's point of view, a productive week. Ukraine's government, after weeks of some wavering, decided not to sign an agreement with the European Union and instead threw in with the economic aid package from Moscow. How do you read that?","Well, I think it's quite a victory for President Putin and also for President Yanukovych. What President Putin got, it was some kind of alliance with Ukraine. And he also got support for his kind of economic and political system, rather authoritarian and not quite run by the rule of law. And President Yanukovych, he got $50 million in a probably quite expensive loan, which means that he can keep going for 15 months more, until he has presidential elections in Ukraine.","I'm curious as to why Ukraine seems to be teetering. Because when the USSR split up, a lot of people said this is going to be a country with a lot going for it - almost 50 million people; it was considered the breadbasket of the old Soviet Union; coal, steel. What's happened?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"What President Putin got, it was some kind of alliance with Ukraine\" - The literal meaning of this statement is that Putin gained an alliance with Ukraine. The actual meaning could be that Putin gained a strategic advantage by aligning Ukraine with his economic and political system.","questions":"Which country did Putin gain an alliance with?","answer":"Ukraine"}
{"text":["Most Americans agree Congress should do something to try to end gun violence. There is wide support for a range of ideas, including keeping tabs on or limiting who can get a gun and making it easier for police and family members to temporarily take guns away from people who may hurt themselves or others - what's known as red flag laws. There's more division on other proposals. We all - we know all of this because of a new NPR\/PBS NewsHour\/Marist poll.","NPR senior political editor and correspondent Domenico Montanaro has dug into the numbers. He joins us now. Hey, Domenico.","Hey, Ailsa.","OK. So I want to start where there is some agreement. Let's just start positive for now. What does this poll tell us?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is support for gun control measures in the US.","questions":"Which topic is discussed in turn 1?","answer":"Numbers"}
{"text":["We were with addicts on the street as they were having encounters with law enforcement. We were in treatment centers with people trying to kick the addiction. There's this one phenomenal picture of five inmates. They're all pregnant and being let in to get their methadone and things like that. We were in in drug courts, where people were being dealt with by the criminal justice system.","I think one of the reasons that it's gotten so much attention is because of the spareness with which we report it. We just report anecdote after anecdote after anecdote after anecdote over seven days. And anybody who reads it cannot come away without understanding how deep and how pernicious and how totally involving of our society this epidemic is.","Are there things that happen in Cincinnati every day that people walk past that you wanted to use this opportunity to share with?","Well, yes, I mean, in the sense that we wanted people to understand that this is going on all around them. Heroin is not a demographic or racial or any socioeconomic status - however you want to put it - drug. Its terrible reach is universal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The criminal justice system is heavily involved in the opioid epidemic.","questions":"How are inmates being treated in drug courts?","answer":"methadone"}
{"text":["There's a number of them that the federal prosecutors mentioned, things like excessive purchases with cash in some pharmacies, purchases from well out of the region of the pharmacies. And these are opioid purchases we're talking about - excessively high percentages of sales of fentanyl patches and opioid oxycodone painkillers from some pharmacies and some of the larger pharmacies that RDC dealt with. So those are some of the things that the feds highlighted.","Two RDC executives face charges. What are they accused of?","Basically sort of being players in this whole, you know, alleged kind of ignorance or willing ignorance, I should say, of RDC's role in the opioid epidemic, the things we talked about - you know, just sort of closing your eyes to pharmacies that were obviously pushing painkilling prescription meds onto the streets in big numbers. And the allegations are that the former CEO, Larry Doud, and former compliance officer were key in allowing this to happen internally and just ignored all the signs. One has pleaded guilty and is cooperating. And Doud is facing the criminal charges.","You've talked a lot about the pharmacies here. And so I'm wondering, what about them?And what about the doctors making the orders?Are they being held accountable?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"held accountable\" - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning because \"held accountable\" means being responsible or answerable for something, but it does not necessarily mean someone will be physically held or restrained.","questions":"Which word in turn 3 has a meaning that is different from its literal meaning?","answer":"Accountable"}
{"text":["Yeah, you're like daddy stubbed his toe. Go back to sleep.","Would you ever consider - it sounds like you have in the past, but at this point, are you looking to find love, and at what - how would that have to fit into you already having a family?","Yeah, I think about that a lot. And that's really the lesson for me from this book is that I'm still an incurable romantic, but I'm now an incurable romantic about my kids.","A lot of the pressure that was on my relationships before has been relieved now because I know that I'm not going to grow old alone. As long as I can keep my kids loving me, I've got that part taken care of."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Yeah, you're like daddy stubbed his toe. Go back to sleep.\"  This turn uses figurative language or idiomatic expressions, where \"daddy stubbed his toe\" means something went wrong or painful, but not necessarily related to an actual physical injury. It is not meant to be taken literally.","questions":"How would you describe the meaning of \"daddy stubbed his toe\" in turn 0?","answer":"Painful"}
{"text":["Hi, Lulu. Thank you so much for having me.","It is an absolute pleasure to have you. Let's talk through this. There's already been some diversity in the emoji world. We have different skin tones included in emoji form. But why do you think an afro should be included too?","I think an afro should be included too because there's an entire community of people - black, Afro-Latinx, diasporic. We were just talking about the do for others. It's a lot of people that have hair that grows up, forward and spherically and, you know, defies gravity. And there's been - and there's just been a big dearth and lack of representation of natural hair and Afro hair in the media. And I think the lack of Afro hair in our keyboards is a subtle but constant reminder of that. You know, we're a world that interacts largely in digital spaces. And emoji are this universal language of self-expression and kind of the closest way to, really, inject our personality into our conversations. And the fact that a very large community and culture of people has no reflection of themselves in those conversations is something that I'm trying to change.","Describe the emoji for us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's not a pleasure but the person is just being polite during the interview.","questions":"What is the reason for PersonB's response to PersonA's greeting in turn 0?","answer":"Representation"}
{"text":["Are they willing to let people die over that principle?","Oh, no. No, you don't - but to who - and that's such an interesting - I love that you got right to the college dorm part of the argument, you know - are you going to let people die?No one's going to let people die. You know, there's talk about - oh, my gosh, the Trump budget cuts Meals on Wheels. Meals on Wheels gets 3 percent of its funding, approximately, from government sources. Ninety-seven percent is people want to take care of their neighbors.","I. . .","People are not going to let their neighbors die."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"Oh, no. No, you don't - but to who - and that's such an interesting - I love that you got right to the college dorm part of the argument, you know\" - Here, A is not directly responding to B's question about whether people are willing to let others die over a principle. Instead, A seems to be expressing surprise or disagreement with something else that B said or implied. The literal meaning of A's words does not match their actual meaning, which is more like \"I don't agree with what you just said, but it's interesting that you brought up that aspect of the argument.\"","questions":"What is PersonA's response to PersonB's question about letting people die over a principle?","answer":"disagreement"}
{"text":["(Laughter).",". . . I like that. Mannish is good.","It smelled mannish.","And then a day later, General Eisenhower gave the go-ahead."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B finds something amusing or funny, but it's not clear what","questions":"What did PersonA do?","answer":"Laughter"}
{"text":["That's one of the projects, yeah, that I followed in the book. Can we build a limb that is basically indistinguishable from a natural arm?So if you're missing an arm, you get this new prosthetic that can sense and move and operate like a natural arm. And that's typically ambitious, and they call that DARPA-hard. Let's try something that just seems completely insane, totally, you know, crazy ambitious. And in that case, they didn't get there. They didn't quite get to that point, but they did get a lot of these technologies in motion for controlling a robot with mind power alone, for instance.","Yeah. How do they ensure that they keep getting new cutting-edge thoughts inside of DARPA?","That's one of the challenges, and that's one of the reasons I was able to write this book, too, because they need to get the word out. They need to find people out there who've got these ideas, who want to pitch them to DARPA. Or come to work for DARPA as a program manager because DARPA program managers, they all leave. After two to six years, they're gone. Their expiration dates are printed on their ID badges. So they've got this turnover, 25 percent every single year.","And they also have a deadline, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : DARPA needs new ideas from people who want to work for them.","questions":"What is one of the challenges faced by DARPPersonA in getting new ideas?","answer":"ideas"}
{"text":["It's not me - it's nothing to do - saying they, you know, they shouldn't be allowed to sing. And if they want to do soul music, I think it's great because, you know, music is universal, it's meant for everybody. So I really don't have a problem with that. What I have a problem with is, you know, just a lot more attention is paid to artists like that, as apposed to, you know, myself, because there's - you know, I could name loads of them over here that should be out - you know, should be getting the same kind of praise, and don't. I'm just baffled at that.","Now, you do get your props. Vibe Magazine said that your rich, velvety voice warms the inside like a spot of tea. Do you generally try to read the reviews, or. . .","I do actually.","You do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is unhappy that their music is not receiving as much attention as other artists.2. B is trying to console A by mentioning that they have received praise from Vibe Magazine.","questions":"Which magazine praised PersonA's rich, velvety voice?","answer":"Vibe"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah. Hopefully, you know?So whereas in America, you know, you sort of smoothed the edges and you've just put, you know, you've put makeup on. That's what you've done. We're still in the very, you know, you still see all of our imperfections. Whereas in America you try to put a lot of makeup, but the imperfections are still there. And I find that that's the most interesting thing for me.","The changes that we've seen in South Africa over those 17 years are little short of phenomenal.","Yes. It's been amazing. It was a bloodless revolution, you know, because the difference has been - in America, black people have been fighting for their freedom and for their identity and so on, but as a minority. In South Africa, you had a white majority rule, ruling over \u2014 I mean, this is Africa. This is the home of black. It was the black factory. So I mean this is, you know, it was a very different story and never before has there been a bloodless revolution in Africa.","Is there much of a tradition of comedy in South Africa, particularly tweaking the powers that be?You don't think of John Vorster. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is contrasting the peaceful transition to democracy in South Africa with the ongoing struggles of black people in America to achieve equality. Implicated meaning: The speaker is highlighting the unique historical context of South Africa's transition to democracy and the significance of the peaceful transition.","questions":"How does the speaker contrast South Africa's transition to democracy with America's struggles for equality?","answer":"Context"}
{"text":["Well, we have shared the coordinates of health facilities, school facilities and so on for the very purpose to make sure they're protected. Sadly, several of these facilities received a direct hit. Actually, the secretary-general has called for a board of inquiry to investigate into these cases and to find out what had happened.","For us, it's a question of trust, and it's a question of protection when we say - when we give these coordinates, we expect that all parties in the conflict will respect them. And when that doesn't happen, that's really a significant problem for all and, most importantly, for the people who find themselves - that we have had incidents of ambulances receiving direct aid. Hospitals, doctors, nurses would be in the middle of an operational procedure or who had gone to this place for medical treatment and to find themselves being bombed inside the hospital or children in the school. That's something that is really totally unacceptable.","Panos Moumtzis is the United Nations humanitarian coordinator for the Syria crisis. Thanks so much for being with us, sir.","Thank you for calling me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : incidents of ambulances receiving direct aid means that ambulances were bombed while they had patients inside. ","questions":"Which type of facilities were hit by a direct attack despite the sharing of their coordinates?","answer":"Hospitals"}
{"text":["From NPR News, this is Day to Day. The ethics problem at the Interior Department continues to unfold, specifically in the little-known but powerful Minerals Management Service. The Interior Department's watchdog reports that employees in that division accepted gifts, they steered government contracts to friends, and they had sexual relations with oil and gas-company representatives. Joining us now is John Dimsdale from Marketplace, and John, first, what is the Minerals Management Service?I hadn't heard of it until yesterday.","Well, it's responsible for collecting royalty revenues from companies that extract oil and other minerals from federal property. And last year, they collected 11 billion dollars from the oil and gas industry. So, it's a big source of revenue. In fact, sometimes Minerals Management is the second largest source of income for the federal government, second only to the IRS. And remember, this scandal comes just as Congress is debating whether to allow more oil drilling, especially on the Outer Continental Shelf under the ocean.","That's right. So, let's go into the details of this scandal. What did the Interior Department's inspector general find?","Well, this report makes it sound like a very dysfunctional place. It alleges cocaine and marijuana use, and even promiscuous sex between government employees and the industry that they oversee. The inspector general says the relationship between the industry and the revenue collectors is supposed to be at arm's length, but most of the oil-company people that investigators talked to said they bought meals or drinks, entertainment, for government employees."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the ethics problem at the Interior Department continues to unfold\" - figurative meaning: the situation is developing or becoming more complex, literal meaning: something is physically unfolding.","questions":"What was the second largest source of income for the federal government last year?","answer":"IRS"}
{"text":["I had always written about my mother. I started writing in college in a creative writing class. And some of the first stories I wrote were talking about different disagreements that we had. But what was important was the kind of larger struggles that were embodied in those arguments. I just published an essay about the conception of this book, and I talk about the issue of hair and how the struggle of hair between black mothers and black daughters is fraught with all of these racial tensions that are basically absorbed from the larger culture.","So I had always written about my mother as a way to write about these larger issues and about immigration and gender and motherhood. And during the time that my mother's health took a turn for the worse, I was a grad student at Columbia in their MFA program. And actually, it was the last day of school. And we had our graduation ceremony. And I found out that my mom was, you know, had a few months to live.","So I pretty immediately - because I was done with school - packed my things up. I quit the job that I had and moved back to Philadelphia and basically spent the last six months with her. It was, you know, it's an around-the-clock job. It's very draining. And at the end of the day, the only thing I had time to write were basically one paragraph or sometimes a sentence - reflections. And I just started collecting them in this folder. And I didn't tend to do anything with them, but they all started to fit together in this large story.","I want to have you read from one of those vignettes, Page 31."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"larger struggles that were embodied in those arguments\" Actual meaning: The arguments between the speaker and their mother were about more significant issues. Non-literal meaning: None.","questions":"How did the struggles in the arguments between the speaker and their mother relate to larger issues?","answer":"Arguments"}
{"text":["But you came over so young.","Yeah. I came over when I was really young. So obviously, you know, growing up in the British environment, I've absorbed a lot of their culture. You know, because it's just a natural thing. You kind of - you hang out with, you know, the local, you know, people from the U. K.  or whatever. So naturally you're going to pick up a lot of their habits and their ways, but you know, first and foremost, I always see myself as, you know, African.","And I know - well my parents never let me forget that anyway, you know, because we do - we had all the kind of culture, and just general kind of grounding, you know, installed in us at a very young age. So I've always kind of carried that with me anyway as I've progressed in life. But I always look at it as, you know, an advantage really, because I've had the privilege of experiencing, you know, my African culture in life, and, you know, I've had the opportunity of experiencing being British, and, you know, growing up in the U. K.  And now I'm, you know, experiencing kind of some of the flavors of the U. S. So I always look at it like, you know, it's a positive thing.","All right, Hilary, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Being exposed to different cultures is an advantage.","questions":"What is seen as a positive thing according to the speaker in turn 2?","answer":"cultures"}
{"text":["Well, no, I don't think so, but it's really not just about resignations. What people really want to see is a change of the system, not just a personnel change. But what we know is that even if we magically fixed Ferguson overnight, it would be an island of justice in a sea of injustice.","At the same time, Mr.  French, how do you keep the public safe?How do you get anyone to become a good police officer if they're getting - if they feel they might be shot by the citizens?","You're absolutely right. I mean, the tragic thing here - and this is the crisis that we find ourselves in in St.  Louis - is that communities need police; especially communities with high crime, like many of our communities do have it in St.  Louis. We need police. And an order for police to be effective they need the trust of the community. And so what I feel like is we have not acted quick enough. That in fact we had an opportunity over this fall and winter to do a lot of this hard work before we get into what is traditionally the high crime times of spring and summer. And it's been warm here for a couple of days and we've already seen a very high spike in crime, including the tragic death of a 5-year-old boy. So we've got a lot of work to do and we need to get to the business of doing it very quickly.","How has the protest movement changed - maybe in terms of what its objectives are - and are there different factions now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Has the protest movement changed it's goals and are there different groups involved now?","questions":"What is the question about the changes and factions within the protest movement that PersonB asks in the dialogue?","answer":"Changes"}
{"text":["So explain to me how this system actually works.","Well, the first thing is to know what the weather is so you can know what the weather will be. That's the crux of it. So you need as complete observations of the global atmosphere as possible, which means coming from satellites and weather buoys and from sensors and airliners. And then once you know what it is, what you can do is then begin to run it forward in time.","But rather than just, you know, sort of being plugged into the supercomputers - you know, in comes the present, and out comes the future - the models are really a kind of ongoing concern. Every six hours, every 12 hours, they compare their own forecast with the latest observations. And so the models in reality are kind of - you know, they're sort of dancing together, where the model makes a forecast, and it's corrected slightly by the observations that are coming in.","And does anyone own these models and these satellites?I mean, is it part of a global web?Or does America have a certain piece of this and every country sort of have their own proprietary information that somehow gets passed along?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's not plugged in but typed in the computers. The models don't dance together but the data works together.","questions":"What is the difference between how the models work and what was implied about their function in the conversation?","answer":"Difference"}
{"text":["I don't even know what to say.","Have you - make sure you've eaten your lunch or your breakfast.","It might be - it's going to be the grossest video you've probably seen all week. But you should still watch it because it's fascinating.","You know how to sell it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The video is gross, but still interesting enough to watch.","questions":"How would you describe the video?","answer":"Disgusting."}
{"text":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The woman's job with Interpol put her in a position to identify Karodzic but she failed to recognize him.","questions":"How did the woman's job with Interpol relate to Karodzic?","answer":"Interpol"}
{"text":["The writer Michael Kinsley, who's a friend of this program, wrote about the surge a few months ago. Look at the numbers before the surge. Look at the numbers after the surge. This is what the Bush administration calls a success. One hundred and thirty thousand Americans in Iraq at the beginning and at the end. This country will still have about 130,000 soldiers - American soldiers in Iraq. Michael Kinsley said, have we really succeeded anything or have we just kind of changed the metric in some way?","Oh my Lord. I mean, what we have in Iraq, and I just got back, you know, less than two weeks ago. What we have in Iraq is a government that is elected by its people. It's the only Arab-Muslim country of that type, of that form of government in that region. It will have a long- term security relationship and a strategic relationship with the United States and be aligned with the United States. That is a major positive outcome for us, particularly given the fact that in 2006 we nearly lost the country and suffered a humiliating defeat.","Things do look an awful lot different than they did two years ago. You had a significant role in that, in thinking about what should be done at a time when it was a very unpopular plan to be putting forth. No one was - there wasn't a very big cheering squad for that. I wonder if you sit back on an evening now and feel some kind of sense of satisfaction?What is that?'","Well, I think there were a lot of people that, you know, have a hand in it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : having a hand in it implies being an agent, playing a part or the reason why something happens,  and not meaning to have a part of one's hand inside something","questions":"Which term describes the implication of \"having a hand in it\" in turn 3?","answer":"Agent"}
{"text":["Our unlikely shrew story comes from his new book, \"This is Improbable: Cheese String Theory, Magnetic Chickens and Other WTF Research,\" where he's collected all sorts of scientific studies you can't take seriously but you can't dismiss either. Welcome back to SCIENCE FRIDAY, Marc.","Hi, Ira. Did I just hear you say the Animals of Improbable Research?","Did I say?I don't think I did. But maybe I did. I'd be happy to have - put that in there.","OK.  We, believe it or not, get a lot of letters addressed to that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asking if the Animals of Improbable Research were mentioned even though they were not explicitly mentioned.","questions":"What was the subject of the implied turn in the dialogue?","answer":"book"}
{"text":["Well, I think the water infrastructure we have in this country is seriously neglected. I mean, all infrastructure acts as a foundation for economic prosperity, but water is especially important. It does live in this different world where it's so intrinsic and folks expect that we're going to have clean, fresh water any time you turn on the tap. But given the fact that it's buried, it's literally underground, it's easy to ignore. And while we have large infrastructure problems in this country, the water infrastructure problems loom particularly large.","So we don't see them, perhaps even can't taste them. It's not until they - well, that just makes it easier for problems to hide in a sense.","Exactly. And some of these systems are, you know, were built 100 years ago. Some of the pipes are made out of wood. Some of them were built in the time when metropolitan areas were expanding and decentralizing. And just - we just need to reinvest in these existing systems. But because we don't do a good job in this country investing in the infrastructure that's already built - we do a good job building new stuff - we don't do a good job taking care of what's on the ground. Things like water infrastructure are seriously neglected.","I don't think any city likes to hear - but you have to spend more money."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Investing in neglected water infrastructure requires a willingness to allocate resources and prioritize maintenance over building new infrastructure, which may be unpopular among some stakeholders.","questions":"Which stakeholders may find investing in neglected water infrastructure unpopular?","answer":"Stakeholders"}
{"text":["Back now with Day to Day and our conversation with Iranian author Azar Nafisi. I spoke with her about her new memoir.","The title of your book is \"Things I've Been Silent About,\" and one of those things that you've been silent about until now was being sexually abused at a very young age. You were six years old, when a cleric who was visiting your house molested you, and you allude to other men also abusing you later. How did you come to terms with that, and how are you able to write about it?","He was not a cleric; he was a very religious man.","(Laughing) He was maybe worse than some clerics actually."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to be silent about something is to not talk about something, or to keep something a secret","questions":"How was the title of Azar Nafisi's book?","answer":"Things"}
{"text":["What's the recipe for a star?How do you make one?","Really all you need is cold gas and to be left alone essentially.","If the cold gas cools enough and nothing heats it up, then it should turn into stars. And so this cluster is a perfect star factory because it has a tremendous amount of cooling happening and very little heating. And so it's going to provide just a tremendous amount of this cold gas fuel for stars.","What's the difference between a galaxy and a galaxy cluster?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The statement implies how stars are formed and the necessary conditions for their creation.","questions":"How can cold gas turn into stars?","answer":"Cooling"}
{"text":["Earle Havens, Ph. D.  - although, of course we want to look into that now. And he's the head of the Department of Special Collections here at the George Peabody Library in Baltimore. The exhibit - what's the title again?","\"Fakes, Lies and Forgeries. \"","All right - runs through February 1. Thanks very much for being with us.","And thank you very much. This was a great pleasure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"This was a great pleasure\" - The literal meaning of the phrase would be that the speaker had a physically pleasurable experience, but the intended meaning is that the speaker enjoyed the conversation or interview.","questions":"Which experience did the speaker enjoy?","answer":"Conversation"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. But you see what I mean?Because it is about perception and how we need to be - to understand what we're seeing before we can really see it, that's really key to understanding this whole issue of climate change and why we see or don't see what's right in front of us.","What drew you to monarchs in the first place?","I had really wanted to write about the subject for a long time. I live in southern Appalachia. I am surrounded by neighbors and friends - people I respect very much - who don't really understand climate change or believe in it, even though, as farmers, they're getting socked by it. We've had unprecedented, disastrous weather time and again. So it's such a strange contradiction that the people in our continent who are first to feel the harm of a changing climate are the last to be able to talk about it.","That was such a conundrum and such rich territory for a novel to tread, that I was just looking for the right way to get into the subject. And one morning, I just woke up with this vision in my eyes of millions of butterflies covering the forest behind my house. I just - I mean, I didn't actually see it. I imagined it. I woke up and there it was, and I knew that was it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A deeper understanding of climate change is needed to comprehend its effects.","questions":"What is key to understanding the issue of climate change according to A?","answer":"Perception"}
{"text":["Well, you know, that's another thing. So sometimes what happens to, you know, big scientists, you know, scientist that really have been enormously successful, is that as they grow older they don't feel as if they can continue, you know, with kind of mainstream incremental science after they have done something really big in the past. And as a result they adopt something that is completely outside of mainstream because they think, a-ha, maybe I'll make yet another huge contribution.","And that has happened to Pauling with Vitamin C.  And it happens to others too, you know, that at old age they suddenly pick up on something. Yes, it happened to Hoyle, Fred Hoyle, who is another person that I discuss on the concept of how did life evolve, you know, and so on. It's not a topic I discuss much in the book, but he started saying that probably all of life on Earth came from outer space and things like that and so on. So it happens.","Mm-hmm. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow talking with Mario Livio, author of \"Brilliant Blunders: From Darwin to Einstein,\" talking about great blunders that happened. Speaking about those kinds of blunders late in life, Bill Shockley, who was one of the inventors of the transistor, also got into trouble about views about racism late. . .","Yeah. Unfortunately it is more common than we would like."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Some successful scientists adopt unconventional approaches after achieving something significant.","questions":"Which scientists adopt unconventional approaches?","answer":"Scientists"}
{"text":["Well, here's my question for you as a photographer. When you have a person who is as photographed as Barack Obama has been and for God's sake is going to be for the next four years, how do you find a shot that separates you from the rest of the crowd of photographers when he is your subject and target?","Well, certainly, that is an exceedingly difficult thing to do. But you try and capture, you know, the moment because he is a man that connects with the crowd and with the message that he has. So you're looking for that little twinkle in his eye or that little different look that he may have.","But frankly, Tony, a lot of my work was gauging the crowd as they were entranced with the day, and it was such a wonderful group - such a wonderful experience for ua all to be there. And I tried to capture some of this on film because there were black people, there were white people, there were Asian people, there were brown people there. And I have never been in a mob like today, just in terms of the density of the crowd. But everyone was so cool. And when they announced that - when they introduced the then-president-elect and he came - I mean, it was a roar, and you try and capture some of that on film.","Now, I have about 20 seconds for you to answer this. When he actually put his hand on the Bible and said - and accepted the oath, were your cameras trained on the crowd at that moment and did you get a shot?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Finding a unique shot of Barack Obama is challenging but possible.","questions":"Which shot?","answer":"shot"}
{"text":["One night in the spring of 1982, a 9-year-old Issac Bailey was asleep in a room with a few of his brothers when the 22-year-old brother he adored, Herbie Moochie Bailey, shot and killed an innocent man, a store owner he'd robbed named James Bunch.","It, like - my sense really - actually changed on, like, everything for me.","Issac was already struggling with a speech disorder.","I stuttered - (stuttering) - like that. It worsened greatly. And so I actually think that is one sort of reason why that I actually still stutter now."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Issac's traumatic experience caused a shift in A's perspective on everything","questions":"What was the cause of PersonA's change in perspective?","answer":"Herbie"}
{"text":["Some of our questions are very basic. Were you a slaveholder?Did your money come from the labor of enslaved people?Many of the questions we're asking at our university are the same as the questions that people are asking at other universities. But I think we have one very special part of our story. That is that Princeton really was a very Southern school.","And it turns out that between 1790 and the outbreak of the Civil War, about 40 percent of our students came from the South. That's extraordinary. And there were some consequences of this very Southern orientation of our student body. There were some horrific acts of violence in our community in the 1830s and '40s as Southern boys raised in slaveholding families came to this town in New Jersey and encountered a free black community for the first time in their lives.","These Southern students were important to our school. Their tuition money was important. Keeping their parents happy was important. So the ethos on our campus was, let's just not talk about this stuff. Let's keep the peace.","Obviously, we are having a debate in this country right now about the legacy of the Civil War. And as a historian, I'd like your thoughts on how you resolve the tension between remembering and honoring."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"remembering and honoring\" - While these two terms are often used synonymously or interchangeably, in this context they represent distinct and potentially conflicting objectives. Remembering implies a willingness to confront the past and acknowledge its complexities and injustices, while honoring suggests a desire to celebrate and venerate a particular heritage or tradition without necessarily engaging with its darker aspects.","questions":"Which two objectives could potentially conflict with each other when discussing the legacy of the Civil War?","answer":"Remembering"}
{"text":["And that is a big deal because a census is supposed to be a head count of every person living in the country. That's a constitutional mandate regardless of citizenship or immigration status. And those numbers determine how many congressional seats each state gets, as well as how almost $900 billion a year in federal funding for roads, for schools, how all that money is distributed around the country.","Right, so a lot of financial and political implications if you don't have the correct population number, particularly of certain minorities.","Exactly.","What are the two sides arguing?What's that what's the for and the against?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Right, so a lot of financial and political implications if you don't have the correct population number, particularly of certain minorities.\" (turn B): The literal meaning is that an incorrect population count can have significant consequences for federal funding and political representation, especially for minority groups. The implied meaning is that this is a serious issue that deserves attention and action.","questions":"Which group is particularly at risk of being affected by an incorrect population count?","answer":"Citizenship"}
{"text":["I mean, it's tempting, and certainly we do it in the news business, to look at a figure like $9 billion and say, you know, figure out what that cost per arrest and everything. But I wonder, isn't it in a sense worth, I don't know, a billion dollars a year to the American people to have that deterrent aboard?Because as people in the program have pointed out, if something happens, there's no one else to call upon for help in an airliner.","Well, you could justify almost anything on that basis. But I will tell you that on any cost-benefit analysis, this program does not hold muster. I can tell you also that while a billion dollars might not seem like much money in the whole federal government. . .","Oh, no, it's a lot of money. Don't get me wrong. . .","It's a lot. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  In statement 2, the speaker is implying that Trump should make a statement that can help heal the divide between him and the Republicans. ","questions":"How does the speaker in turn 0 justify the cost of the program?","answer":"Deterrent"}
{"text":["Bernard Tomic, yes, who really didn't show up. He put the white flag up midway through the second set. It was a very interesting week, considering that you also had Kim Clijsters retiring as well. But Roddick is the interesting here because of where American tennis has gone. Between 1968 and 2002, American men have just dominated tennis. We were winning a major tournament 33 percent of the time - a third of all majors went to Americans - Jimmy Connors, John McEnroe, Pete Sampras, Andre Agassi, you name it. And since 2003, we've won just one, and it was Andy Roddick back in 2003 at the U. S.  Open.","And so the state of the game has really declined in terms of this country winning major, major championships. And so he was the last one. And the big question's going to be now is who is going to take his mantle. He was a great, great player, and not good enough though in the age of Roger Federer. He was not close enough to the McEnroe-Connors standard and not good enough to compete with Roger Federer and Rafa Nadal, but represented the United States very, very well.","Wonder, too, how sports broadcasters will get through a major tournament without cutting to shots of Brooklyn Decker cheering on her husband.","Whatever will we do?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"cutting to shots of Brooklyn Decker\" - This is a metaphorical expression that means switching to footage of Brooklyn Decker. It does not literally refer to cutting anything.","questions":"What is the metaphorical expression used to refer to switching to footage of Brooklyn Decker in the dialogue?","answer":"Cutting"}
{"text":["So you have worked directly with children at the Homestead Shelter in South Florida. Can you take us through one case, one specific type service that you provide now that you wouldn't be able to if and when these cuts go forward?","Generally we provide a Know-Your-Rights presentation to every single child that is detained in an ORR facility in South Florida. Next we provide a one-on-one legal screening with every single child that is in one of these shelters. That legal screening has two purposes. One is to let us know, is this an emergency?Do we need to file this child's case right away?Or are they eligible for relief and are going to be released to another location?If they're eligible for relief and going to be released elsewhere, we will work our butts off to try to find them a lawyer wherever they are released to.","What would it look like for a kid without a lawyer, without this type of legal aid that you're describing?","I mean, you can only imagine. There's no way that any child would be able to navigate this system alone. You know, no child is going to be able to represent themselves in court. And, you know, we see that already with unrepresented children."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Unrepresented children are at a disadvantage in court.","questions":"What is the disadvantage that unrepresented children face in court?","answer":"Disadvantage"}
{"text":["President Trump hired a personal attorney this week, presumably to give him advice about the Russian investigation. Are others in the White House lawyering up?","A lot of people. In fact, two sources told me this week Don McGahn is going to need a lawyer himself. He's likely to be a witness in whatever investigation there is moving forward in Russia. Even if these folks have no legal jeopardy, it's really expensive and distracting for them to need legal advice. This happened under President Bill Clinton and President Ronald Reagan. It's likely to drag on for a long time.","Don McGahn, to be sure, has defenders in Washington, D. C. , who are very impressed by him. Aren't they?","Yeah. You know, there's been a lot of praise in some circles for the people he's hired to work in the White House, the young lawyers working underneath him - seven former Supreme Court clerks, graduates from Ivy League law schools at the top of their game. And then there's this. It's hard to tell from outside the Oval Office whether Don McGahn is giving President Donald Trump all the right legal advice and President Donald Trump is just ignoring him."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that other members of the White House may seek legal counsel in light of President Trump's actions.","questions":"What is the potential consequence of President Trump's actions on other members of the White House?","answer":"Consequence"}
{"text":[". . . Strong title. What do you mean by that?","I think it was meant as sort of a nonpartisan way of talking about what's gone on in the confirmation process on Capitol Hill and how both sides have tried to put their thumbs on the scale and try and steer these judicial nominations in the direction they wanted. And so there is bias on it, and it's been bias on both sides, honestly. I know people don't like to talk about both sider-ism these days, but, you know, both parties have had a lot to do with how mucked up the process has gotten.","All right. Well, we'll get to that. But let's start with where you start in the book, where you talk about the importance of a decision that the majority leader Mitch McConnell made - Republican leader - made in February of 2016. What was the decision?","I think this was one of the most consequential decisions in American history, really, as it turned out. We didn't know it that night. But Mitch McConnell is on a - the Senate majority leader is on a vacation in the Caribbean. The news comes out that Justice Antonin Scalia had died. And Mr.  McConnell that evening decided that President Obama, with 11 months left in his term, would not get an appointment to the Supreme Court."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Both parties have contributed to the biased confirmation process.","questions":"What do the parties contribute to the confirmation process?","answer":"Contributed"}
{"text":[". . . Entities. . .","Correct.",". . . Like - nongovernmental groups like terrorist organizations.","Yeah, the terrorist organizations or. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Agreement between A and B on the existence of non-governmental entities","questions":"Which type of entities were mentioned by B?","answer":"non-governmental"}
{"text":["No. I mean, I can be smaller and leaner with one fewer arms or a leg that I've lopped off. No, I think it's going to be extremely difficult. We can't possibly serve the entire state, especially a state is geographically distributed as we are, by closing entire campuses.","Do you see an impact on enrollment, on students wanting to come to the University of Alaska?","Absolutely. Our enrollment has actually been in decline since 2012, certainly over the last several years because we've taken budget cuts four out of the last five years. There's no question in my mind that some students are opting for other institutions because of uncertainty about our budget. And another big challenge here in Alaska - we have in general very low college-going rates. So another negative aspect of this is young people who decide not to go on at all.","That is University of Alaska President James Johnsen. He was speaking with us there from Fairbanks, Alaska. James Johnsen, thank you for your time.","My pleasure."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : fewer arms or a leg that I've lopped off implies weight loss and not amputation ","questions":"What does the lopped off body part imply?","answer":"Weight"}
{"text":["But Barack Obama blew right straight through half a million, a million. He's now approaching a million and a half donors. And of course they are not all giving the maximum amount of money, most of them are just giving 100 dollars or less, or 200 dollars or less. Nonetheless, the size, the base of that fundraising operation means that he can raise all the money that he needs, including, very possibly, money that would go to help retire Hillary Clinton's campaign debt after she does drop out, assuming some day she does.","Well Ron, thanks so much.","Thank you, Farai.","That was NPR's senior Washington editor Ron Elving, and he joined me at NPR headquarters in Washington, D. C."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"joined me\" - This is an idiomatic expression that means to come together for a meeting or an event. It does not mean that Ron Elving physically joined the person he is speaking to.","questions":"What does \"joined me\" mean?","answer":"Come"}
{"text":["Syria continues to suffer. Russia now mounts military strikes against the Islamic State that also help shore up the regime of Bashar al-Assad, whom they support and whom the U. S.  says must leave. President Obama says there's no meeting of the minds. Niall Ferguson, the historian, has been critical of what he considers the president's lack of policy. Professor Ferguson joins us from the studios at Harvard. Thanks so much for being with us.","My pleasure.","You write the great flaw you see in President Obama's Syria strategy has been, I'll quote, \"his insistence that the only alternative to doing next to nothing was all out invasion. \"What alternatives do you think he's missing?","Initially, it was a relatively straightforward proposition that the United States should give military assistance to the opposition, to Assad, the free Syrian army. And that was something the president resisted. And the last throw of the president's dice came this year when he was offered by the Russian president, Vladimir Putin, the option to cooperate against Islamic State. And the president essentially said no to that. I think it's fair to say that the president has divert (ph) - I put it this way - that he was playing solitaire while everybody else was playing chess. And unfortunately it's now much, much more difficult to intervene effectively than it was at the outset of the Syrian Civil War."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Niall Ferguson believes that President Obama has missed out on many opportunities to address the situation in Syria, such as providing military assistance to the opposition or cooperating with Russia.","questions":"What does Niall Ferguson criticize about President Obama's Syria strategy?","answer":"Missing"}
{"text":["So, John, if Lehman's problems spread to other banks, who's next?","Well, a first concern would be Washington Mutual. It's a big mortgage lender. It's under some severe stress right now. Its stock is down today. You have to look at other banks and investment houses with problem loans on their books, like Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley, Citibank won't be immune. You know, all these banks are interconnected now, with lots of shared debts and investments that are losing value. This crisis has pretty much changed the business model for big banks, who used to earn profits by investing in loans and mortgages that had been repackaged to essentially spread the risk to everybody.","Many of those investments have now gone south, and the banks are going to have to come up with a new system for raising the capital to lend to borrowers. The thing to watch for now is how the rating agencies, like Standard & Poor's and Fitch, put a value on these banks' futures. As the ratings on banks go down, it becomes more expensive for the banks to borrow the money that they need to cover the bad loans because investors lose confidence, and they want a higher return to fork over their money. And it's that lack of confidence that the government and the industry are fighting in this credit crunch.","Thanks, John. That's John Dimsdale of public radio's daily business show, Marketplace."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The rating agencies play an important role in the banks' ability to borrow money.","questions":"What entities determine the value of the banks' futures?","answer":"Rating."}
{"text":["In fact, no. My impression is that the fact that these asylum seekers and the poor conditions in which they lived became public, this is shameful and disgraceful for Hong Kong. And that is what makes them a target.","They're trying to get to Canada. And their association with Snowden may be creating problems there?","It's certainly possible. We completed all of their applications and requested urgent treatment because of their vulnerability in Hong Kong months ago. They initially told us that they were expediting the files. And then two months later, they said that they were not expediting the files. But they didn't say why. And this is why we've decided to go before the court to force the government to meet its commitment - one that our clients relied upon. And now they're at the 11th hour facing imminent detention and eventual inevitable deportation, and Canada is the last hope.","And what is your best guess as to what has prompted what seems like a change of heart on Canada's part?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : To have a change of heart it means that a person can change their attitude to the specific person. In this case, Canada may have a change of heart on the refugees due to the poor conditions from Hong Kong.","questions":"Which country may have a change of heart on refugees due to poor conditions in Hong Kong?","answer":"Canada"}
{"text":["Well, you could say both. You know, in 2010, the parent company declared bankruptcy. There's significant debt surrounding and hanging over National Enquirer's parent company. But you can't separate this from the scandals. The Washington Post, in its reporting, claims that the hedge fund manager who's sort of controlling owner now of American Media says that he's disgusted by what he's learned. This is not really anything new for the Enquirer, but don't forget the legal trouble the Enquirer has been in. You know, it got dragged into the investigation of Michael Cohen and others. It had to, essentially, negotiate with prosecutors in order to avoid prosecution. And indeed, the Bezos scandal may raise the legal stakes once more.","I mean, we've probably all joked at the grocery store checkout stand, like, looking at the headlines - who would ever buy the National Enquirer?Well, now it's like a more serious question. Who would buy the National Enquirer?","Well, you know, in a straight world, you might say TMZ, the digital gossip site. It's hard to know. It's a damaged brand. It is a notable brand. Somebody may buy it as a plaything, or there's been speculation Jeff Bezos would want to strangle it, buy it and put it out. . .","Wow. That would be. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The National Enquirer may be bought for non-serious purposes or by someone who wants to shut it down.","questions":"Which Enquirer's fate is uncertain?","answer":"Enquirer"}
{"text":["So, what do you make of all these pardons?","These pardons are a typical old practice in Russia and the Soviet Union. But, of course, President Vladimir Putin made a wonderful publicity show of pardoning Mikhail Khodorkovsky and this was totally unexpected. There had been talk about another trial against him. And instead, now he's already in Germany.","Let me ask you about what seemed to be, from Mr.  Putin's point of view, a productive week. Ukraine's government, after weeks of some wavering, decided not to sign an agreement with the European Union and instead threw in with the economic aid package from Moscow. How do you read that?","Well, I think it's quite a victory for President Putin and also for President Yanukovych. What President Putin got, it was some kind of alliance with Ukraine. And he also got support for his kind of economic and political system, rather authoritarian and not quite run by the rule of law. And President Yanukovych, he got $50 million in a probably quite expensive loan, which means that he can keep going for 15 months more, until he has presidential elections in Ukraine.","I'm curious as to why Ukraine seems to be teetering. Because when the USSR split up, a lot of people said this is going to be a country with a lot going for it - almost 50 million people; it was considered the breadbasket of the old Soviet Union; coal, steel. What's happened?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : B: \"Because when the USSR split up, a lot of people said this is going to be a country with a lot going for it\" - The literal meaning of this statement is that people had high expectations for Ukraine after the Soviet Union dissolved. The actual meaning could be that despite Ukraine's potential and resources, its political and economic instability has hindered its progress.","questions":"Which country had high expectations after the USSR dissolved?","answer":"Ukraine"}
{"text":["\u2026of the entire family. And you've got the ability to sit from that distance and observe natural behavior.","You know, there have been stories written about park rangers and others who have very strong personal connections to these animals. I know that some of them have named them. How does that come about?","Well, the park rangers, in my opinion, are the real heroes of mountain gorilla conservation. They are the guys who are out on a day-to-day basis, doing the work of conservation. And in the case of D. R. C. , they are risking their lives. We probably have lost 120 to 150 guards over the last 15 years in the Congo. And I think it indicates the kind of courage that these guys have, putting their life on the line, protecting animals that they have worked with on a day-to-day basis or, in some cases, decades.","Are there other animals that are also endangered in that area, especially as a result of the finding, in addition to the gorilla?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In the conversation, B asks how park rangers develop strong personal connections with animals and how they end up naming them. The literal meaning of B's question is straightforward, but the implied meaning is more complex. B may be suggesting that personal connections with animals are unethical, unprofessional, or undermine the objectivity necessary for conservation efforts. Additionally, B may be asking whether the park rangers' personal connections with animals complicate conservation efforts or make it more difficult to do their jobs.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of PersonB's question about park rangers' personal connections with animals?","answer":"Ethical"}
{"text":["Right. So there's one where Kim Kardashian is posing against a pile of sand. She's undressed, very provocative. And then there's you, sort of similarly clad, reclining against gravel (laughter).","Yeah, on a dirt pile. Kim Kardashian on a dirt pile. That's the way people refer to that photo a lot.","Why do you think it's resonated so much?Why do you think people have enjoyed this so much?","Well, first and foremost, I look like an idiot in them, the other person doesn't. And it's not like I'm taking - I don't take paparazzi photos of people or I'll only take what they've posted themselves. And then I look silly in it. So the beginning of it is me looking stupid. And I think people like that. I think people like seeing people make fun of themselves - I do - and just not caring. I think it's nice to see on a platform like Instagram, where it's all about how things are staged. It's nice to see something that is so not."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In Turn (4), when A says, \"And then I look silly in it,\" they are not suggesting that they are physically looking at themselves while taking the photo, but rather that they appear foolish or ridiculous in the photo.","questions":"Which turn clarifies that PersonA was referring to their appearance in the photo rather than physically looking at themselves while taking the photo?","answer":"Four"}
{"text":["I asked Soerens what that would mean for his organization.","World Relief is really committed to our mission of empowering local churches to serve the vulnerable. We remain committed to that mission. But it would probably be at a reduced scale because with fewer refugees arriving, we wouldn't be able to maintain the current infrastructure we have throughout the United States. And of course, none of the people we'd be able to serve would be newly arrived refugees because those people would be shut out completely.","There are also questions right now about the asylum laws in general. Before the Trump administration, how difficult was it for any particular individual to claim asylum in this country and have that claim be accepted?","And so someone claiming asylum is basically professing to be a refugee. That is to say, they say they have a well-founded fear of persecution on account of their race, religion, political opinion, national origin or social group. And it's never been easy because the burden of proof is on the applicant. And frankly, sometimes the people who say they're going to kill you don't send you a notarized letter saying that. And you may not have documentary evidence of the well-founded fear of persecution."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to serve in this context means to help","questions":"How does World Relief empower local churches?","answer":"Help"}
{"text":["Jamal Khashoggi's eldest son was photographed meeting the crown prince earlier this week. For a lot of people, it was heart-rending to see. And it was announced shortly after he'd be allowed to travel to the U. S.  We gather, according to reports, he's arrived there. Is it possible someone told him pose with the prince and you can get out of here?","Absolutely. There's no question. The royal family had banned him from traveling since his father had left the kingdom to go into exile. And there had to be a lot of behind-the-scenes maneuvering, including requests specifically by the United States and Secretary of State Pompeo to allow him to leave the country and join his brothers in the United States. Three of Khashoggi's sons are American citizens, and I gather the fourth son was not.","The head of the CIA, Gina Haspel, was in Turkey this week being briefed. What do we know about what she was told and what she did?","Well, the CIA hasn't provided specifics, but it's been widely reported that she listened to this alleged tape of Jamal's last moments and what happened to him inside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul. I mean, this is going to be a pivotal moment for the Trump administration. It has to make a very hard call - what to do about an ally that has been pivotal in three of President Trump's five most important foreign policy goals."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The United States government intervened to secure the safe departure of Jamal Khashoggi's son, despite the Saudi royal family's ban on his travel.","questions":"Which family member of Jamal Khashoggi's was banned from traveling by the Saudi royal family?","answer":"Son"}
{"text":["Well, I think every writer hopes to bring information to a reader or a viewer. Every artist wants to reach another person through the heart. Something that a novel can do is bring you information in a different way from journalism or all other forms of acquiring information. It brings you inside the mind of another person. So it creates empathy for the theoretical stranger, and that's - it's a fresh avenue, really, for bringing science to a reader, to get to the head via the heart.","Do you have science - we have 30 seconds left. But will we see science in your next book?","Absolutely.","Well, I look forward to it. Thank you for joining us today."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : thank you for joining us means thank you for being here","questions":"How does turn 2 relate to the topic of the conversation?","answer":"Relate"}
{"text":["It's interesting. There was an e-mail sent around by a professor at Berkeley yesterday to a bunch of prominent economists saying that the IMF and World Bank are having their annual meeting starting tomorrow, and it was incumbent on economists to weigh in and give them some suggestions. I just finished reading this list of essays, 15 of them written in one day. And the universal common denominator is that everybody sees the crisis right now as devolving from limited capital in the banking system. It's just remarkable how much economists have at least pin-pointed that as the problem, but I don't think that this is rocket science.","It's not rocket science; it's economics. It's the dismal science. It's just - it's not the University of Chicago's way, and now, you're saying, well, maybe this week, it is.","Look, it's not the University of Chicago. Most economists don't think that the government buying firms and taking them over or risking taxpayer money with no protection - to say that, if things improve, the taxpayers will get their money back - is a wise idea at all. I'm not saying that, but economists are famous for, on the one hand and on the other, and if, on the one hand, the choice is to let the economy sink into a recession just to teach these irresponsible bankers a lesson, or the other is to actually use the taxpayer money to prevent it, that's a pretty easy choice.","Anil Kashyap, professor of economics at the famed University of Chicago. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The problem of the crisis is not difficult to identify, but finding a solution is not that easy.","questions":"Which word describes the difficulty of finding a solution to the crisis?","answer":"Remarkable"}
{"text":["One of the things that struck me is some of the comments by some of the women. They don't necessarily see themselves as beautiful. They did not see in themselves the thing that you saw in them. Did you find that to be common?I'm thinking in particular of the sisters from Switzerland with the red hair who said they'd been made fun of as children because of the color of their hair. And you were drawn to them.","During the project, I did realize that women that I photographed were not confident in their way of being. So whenever I posted their picture on my social media, we got a lot of comments and positive reaction from the people. So the women that I photographed, after that, they realized how beautiful they are. That was extraordinary for them and for me because it gives them confidence.","How did this project change you?","I'm much more confident. I'm much more respectful of what the other women in the world have to go through every day because the life is so difficult in so many parts of the world. And this project was a huge gift in my life. And this is why I'm trying to put it out there in the world for people to understand that the world is extremely beautiful. And we should really appreciate everything that's happening in our life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Posting their pictures on social media helped the women gain confidence","questions":"What was one positive effect of posting the women's pictures on social media?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["I think that the protests need to go as far as we need to take them so that America begins to wake up, that this is a problem. You know, 45 said that this is a local issue and. . .","And by 45, you mean President Donald Trump.","Correct. This is a national epidemic. This is a national outcry of people and communities in pain.","Can you tell us something about Stephon before we say goodbye?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker believes that the protests represent a national issue and not just a local one.","questions":"How does the speaker view the protests?","answer":"National"}
{"text":["And yeah. Like I said, the video can be used for good. And that's why I think the premise of body camera footage is good. But where problems emerge is when government officials and police officials push back against making that footage public because that's the whole reason. The reason is to bring transparency to police interactions. And if government officials push against that, it goes against the entire premise.","One of the very interesting points that you make in your book is that the federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades. I mean, you highlight a report that was commissioned by President Johnson, President Lyndon Johnson in 1967 in response to the Watts riots. And you said that it proposes really not so much an emphasis on technology but an emphasis on relationships, on communication and teaching police officers how to communicate better with the public, how to - it's more of like a - I don't know what word to use. Would you say humanistic approach?And. . .","Absolutely. That's a great word for it.","And that you say that there's - these kinds of - these techniques have never really been implemented because they were deemed to be too expensive. But you also point out that technology is expensive. The police departments spend a huge amount on these technologies that you say don't work. So what - my question to you is, why do you think these techniques have not gotten more traction?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : These techniques have not been implemented due to cost concerns, despite the expensive investment in technologies that don't work for police departments.","questions":"What reason has prevented the implementation of the proposed techniques for improving police-community relations?","answer":"Cost"}
{"text":["Well, I think people that are overly tied to capitalism and who think that capitalism - and, once again, I speak as a Wharton grad, is the be all and end all of economic systems and that people who are uncomfortable looking at the poor. And there are, you know, not a few Catholics who are like that.","Jim, did the College of Cardinals expect this from the man they chose to be pope?","I don't think so. I think that they expected a person who's holy and came make tough decisions and live simply, but I don't think they expected someone who would shake things up quite this way. And, you know, frankly, most Jesuits who knew him didn't expect this either. But, you know, it shows you once again the power of the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit does what the Holy Spirit wants to do.","Father James Martin, who's culture editor of the Jesuit magazine America. Thanks so much. Good holiday to you, Jim."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the speaker is thanking Father James Martin for his insight and wishing him a good holiday.","questions":"What is the name of the person who is being thanked for their insight in the dialogue?","answer":"Father"}
{"text":["But Alaphilippe seems to be digging deeper every day. He's a former soldier. And he's extremely tough, really affable, straight-talking. The things he's done - they've set on fire the passions of the people, really. He's just sort of gone on a rampage - these break-for-the-border dashes for the finishing line. And he's succeeded three or four times, and everybody's talking about him.","And then there is another Frenchman who is one of the favorites to win the race. Tell us about him.","That's right - Thibaut Pinot, very different, a very emotional man. And he fell into a trap a few days ago and lost a bit of time. But he's still in with a very big shot. So he's vowed to fight back on Saturday and may well get back into a position. Thibaut Pinot is about 28, 29 years old. He hasn't raced here for a while. He'd been racing in Italy. He really is a very, very popular man. And if he does win the Tour de France, he will be the most popular man in France.","Now, as we've said, the race is just past its halfway point, and a Frenchman has not won the Tour de France in 34 years. So what's the attitude and sentiment like among people in these small French towns where the cyclists are whizzing past?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The people in France are actively watching the race and will be discussing the winner.","questions":"What are the people in France doing?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["How did you feel when you found out, this summer, about the abuse of children that was going on in Pennsylvania not far from places you knew?","Yeah, it hurt reading the report because I was reading about these parishes that I went to growing up. I was born in '96, so growing up, you would hear kids joke about, oh, you know, priests molesting kids and whatnot. But I never knew that there was actually a - anything behind that. I just sort of thought it was people making fun of a religion. And then I didn't learn, honestly, until recently that the abuse scandal is something that was real and something that the world has known about since - what?- I think it was the early 2000s, whenever the Boston Globe or whatever that newspaper is broke the story. I didn't know that that was a thing. It wasn't something I'd ever been exposed to, so I wasn't really aware of the fact that this is a problem that was going on in my church. You know, it's unthinkable.","And it's hurt your faith?","I think that's a difficult thing to answer. I will say that it has hurt my faith in the Catholic Church. I don't think it has actually hurt my personal, religious faith. I'm just starting to see less of a connection between what I believe and the teachings of the Catholic Church."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker's faith in the Catholic Church has been damaged by the abuse scandal, but their personal faith remains intact.","questions":"Which type of faith has been hurt by the abuse scandal according to the speaker?","answer":"b"}
{"text":["The MIT Media Lab has been under fire for the past several weeks for its financial links to deceased sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. The lab's director, Joi Ito, initially said he had accepted $525,000 and more for his own private tech investment funds from Epstein, and he apologized. Now The New Yorker has detailed the lengths to which the MIT lab went to conceal its acceptance of millions of dollars more in gifts arranged by Epstein. Today, Ito formally resigned, writing, quote, \"after giving the matter a great deal of thought over the past several days and weeks, I think that it is best that I resign as director of the media lab and as a professor and employee of the institute, effective immediately\" - unquote. Joining us to talk about this is NPR media correspondent David Folkenflik from New York.","David, welcome back. Thanks for joining us.","My pleasure.","Could you just walk us through the scale of this?How far did MIT go to conceal their ties with Jeffrey Epstein?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : MIT concealed their financial ties with Jeffrey Epstein.","questions":"What did MIT hide?","answer":"Financialties"}
{"text":["Well, look, I like the fact that we've eliminated pre-existing conditions. I think that's really important. But Ronald Reagan expanded Medicaid a number of times and he didn't need Obamacare, OK?And my feeling about Medicaid is we've been able to manage this program. And by bringing Ohio money back to Ohio to treat the mentally ill, the drug addicted and the working poor, it's not - we're not only ahead on an arithmetic basis, but we think it's the right issue in terms of giving people a chance and an ability to be lifted.","Biographical question - did you ever consider becoming a priest?","Well, when I was a kid, really early in my life, you know, all Catholic altar boys I think at one time or another thought about being a priest. But then that just wasn't in the cards for me.","But I gather religion is an important factor in your life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implies that religion is an important factor in the speaker's life, not just a literal question about religion.","questions":"Which factor?","answer":"Religion"}
{"text":["How quickly would we see a border closing impact the U. S.  auto industry?","Well, really, we would start to see manufacturing facilities impacted almost immediately. Most of the industry follows a just-in-time inventory strategy, which means that the parts that are needed for the vehicle are shipped to the plant as they are needed and on a continual basis. They don't maintain inventory levels at the assembly plant. So we would see a number of factories start to shut down almost immediately because they wouldn't have inventory available to keep going.","Is it possible for you to paint a picture of this for us using a specific car part, for example?","You know, there's a couple interesting ones. One, wire harnesses - these are the wires that are - that go into a vehicle. There's probably miles of these copper wires in a vehicle, very labor-intensive to put these wire harnesses together. The vast majority are made in Mexico that are used in U. S.  manufacturing. And so that's something that would be very important for a vehicle because it goes on early in the process."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The majority of wire harnesses used in U.S. manufacturing are made in Mexico and would be impacted if the border is closed.","questions":"What would be impacted if the border is closed?","answer":"Wire-harnesses"}
{"text":[". . . In terms of choices. I mean, am I wrong about that?","You know, that research is still in the early stages as well. And I don't want to undermine it or underplay it, but you have to think about things sort of globally. And one thing that you can do is - if you're concerned about sunscreen use is you can just be extra careful about covering up.","So I know for my own kid, the swimsuit I got for him has long sleeves. And I'm always putting, like, a big hat on him. So you're telling me that's not overkill.","That is not overkill. That's actually a great idea. You know, there are a lot of sun-protective clothing on the market now, so that will help protect the environment 'cause you're using less sunscreen. And it will also help protect you against any potential problems with sunscreen ingredients.","In the end, how big a deal is this study published by JAMA?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Covering up with sun-protective clothing is a good idea.","questions":"Which method of protection is suggested for sunscreen use in the dialogue?","answer":"covering"}
{"text":["Now it's, I should say this is a demonstration, it's not, you know, there is an actual kill that takes place in the video, but it's not a real kill, it's a demo kill. But what the system that they are playing or working on actually is designed to do and will do when it is deployed is to hunt, and if necessary kill, real targets. It fires missiles, it drops bombs, you can hear the guy talking about the weapons that he has available on one of his drones.","And they didn't just make it feel like a video game, they figured out that there's a sort of a feedback loop that was a problem for the operators, they couldn't kind of sense what was happening. And they hired video gamers to redesign their system for them.","Yeah, they hired real game developers. Because, you know, when you compared what people in the military were using to operate drones to what the latest Xbox or PlayStation system looked like, I mean the screens on this wrap around you so you feel as though you were there. One of the executives Raytheon describes it as projecting your mind into a place where you want it.","You write about watching this demonstration video with your seven year old kind of standing behind you watching this screen, and he gets it right away and he kind of likes it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"it's not a real kill, it's a demo kill\" - The literal meaning is that a demonstration kill took place, but it was not a real kill. The implied meaning is that the system being demonstrated is capable of killing real targets.","questions":"How was the kill in the demonstration?","answer":"Demo"}
{"text":["Why?You know, if you've screw it up, what?You, like, lost 99 cents or $5?I mean, that's money. I'm not saying that that's not important, but God, when I use the cooking - when I lived in New York, it's like, if I screwed up, it was $30 down the drain.","Many of Christiane's recipes come from her own imagination. Others are adaptations from culinary classics like the \"Joy of Cooking\" and \"The Moosewood Cookbook. \"She says she realizes the low-budget nature of her book may not be appetizing to all palates. The 99-cent price tag does have a bit of a stigma.","I feel the same way sometimes. I'm a snob. I'll admit it. And so, you know, sometimes if I cook it, I'm like, oh, I'm pulling the ham out of the can. I don't know.","And maybe it's the ham, maybe it's not."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is saying that money is important, but not as important as the enjoyment of cooking.","questions":"What is the PersonA's attitude towards the price tag in the book?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["What a coincidence. Serendipity.","Absolutely. So this is a very festive lab and we asked if they would look into this and they did, several times over, for us. And so we have the results on Video Pick of the Week is originals of our sample size of one - we should be clear - experiment into this.","Right. And you found that if you out enough - spike your eggnog enough, should we. . .","Well, yes. So you can go to our website for the recipe. But after - the key to this, and actually, we'll have - let's have Vince Fischetti, sort of, give us a little background."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Implying that the conversation is about spiking eggnog with alcohol.","questions":"What did PersonB suggest to spike?","answer":"Eggnog"}
{"text":["Yes, and we looked especially at people who are most likely to think they are lacking in bias, such as the self-described egalitarians, also political liberals. Our sample, being an Internet sample, is not surprising that it was a majority of liberals. And we found that the implicit race attitudes of these liberals and the egalitarians predicted their warmth toward Republican candidates.","So in other words, many white and non-white voters will unconsciously vote against President Obama because of his race, but when asked, they'll give a reason other than race.","That's very likely. This is very hard to tease apart, and our method works by measuring things that you can't really ask people about because they don't know. And we think it's one of a number of factors that play into determining vote. But it's a strong enough factor so that it can actually affect a significant percentage of the vote.","Among Republican candidates, when you polled them, did you see similar racial attitudes towards Herman Cain?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Factors such as implicit race attitudes can significantly affect the vote.","questions":"How can implicit race attitudes affect the vote?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["It's like a bird treadmill. I mean, it's the same idea, right?","Right.","And the point of this study, which Ivo Ros is doing, was to figure out how much energy it takes to fly. So they have a little heart monitor hooked up to the cockatiels. But again, like imagine what this is like for the cockatiels. So there's all this training involved because for a bird to be flapping their wings and not going anywhere is really weird. So they have to, you know, encourage them not to sit on the bars. And it just was. . .","There's no scenery changing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"There's no scenery changing.\" - The literal meaning of this phrase is that there is no change in the scenery, but in the context of the conversation, it is used to suggest that the experiment may be boring for the cockatiels, as they are not able to fly and experience changes in their environment as they would in the wild.","questions":"What is the experiment lacking for the cockatiels?","answer":"variety"}
{"text":["Thousand of miles west of the capital, trouble is brewing over a utility bill. Back in November, Veterans Day to be exact, residents of Bullhead City, Arizona, lit a flame at the town's memorial park. They called it an Eternal Flame. The plan was to keep it constantly lit to honor the fallen. But then they got the gas bill. Joining me now to tell us about that bill is Bullhead City's spokesman, Steve Johnson. Welcome to the program, Steve. And how expensive was that first gas bill you got?","The bill was about $961.","That was a pretty big initial gas bill. I'm trying to picture how big this flame is. Could you describe it for us?","It's - at its height, it's about 12 to 15 inches tall. I describe it as a kind of as a large artichoke. And it consumes a lot - well, obviously, it's consuming a lot of gas, at $900 a month. But it's a pretty tall flame."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The size of the flame doesn't justify the high gas bill","questions":"Which word describes the size of the Eternal Flame?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Absolutely.",". . . Didn't prevent a lethal incident, like in the Laquan McDonald case in Chicago. I mean, even though an investigative journalist had to go and demand the footage, it did result in a conviction, didn't it?I mean, it didn't prevent. . .","Absolutely.",". . . A lethal incident, but it did bring accountability after the fact. So. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is expressing sarcasm or disbelief about the effectiveness of preventing lethal incidents despite investigative journalism in the Laquan McDonald case.","questions":"What is the PersonA's attitude towards the effectiveness of investigative journalism in preventing lethal incidents?","answer":"Attitude"}
{"text":[". . . a guinea fowl on the treadmill.","So that's - this is like - I'm already. . .","Another day at the office.","Exactly. It's like I can tell that I'm in a special place right from the beginning, and that's just the tip of the iceberg. They have an emu and they happened to have a day-old goat. A baby goat was born the day before. It's totally bucolic."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the speaker is expressing admiration for a place they are visiting, specifically highlighting the presence of an emu and a day-old goat. The literal meaning of the turn is that the speaker finds the place charming and enjoys the presence of the animals. However, the implied meaning of the turn is that the speaker may be easily impressed or may have a naive or idealized view of rural life. The use of the word \"bucolic\" suggests a romanticized view of the countryside, and the excitement over the presence of relatively common animals suggests a lack of familiarity with rural environments. The turn implies that the speaker may not have a deep understanding of the realities of agricultural life and may be easily swayed by superficial or picturesque elements.","questions":"How does the use of the word \"bucolic\" in turn 3 suggest the PersonA's view of rural life?","answer":"Romanticized"}
{"text":["I don't mind stipulating that you were more than an OK doctor.","(Laughter) Well, you know, I agree that I'm an OK doctor. And I feel very blessed to have been involved with some of the most complex surgical procedures in the history of the world.","Does that prepare you to be president of the United States?","Not in and of itself. But I think planning, utilizing a lot of resources and a lot of other people to do complex things - and even things that have never been done before - certainly helps. You know, sitting on corporate boards, learning how business works efficiently, all of these things give you a lot of skill sets. And I think it's a fallacy that only people in elected office can come up with solutions that solve our problems. I just think maybe there's a different paradigm."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is expressing a high level of respect for the doctor's abilities.","questions":"What did PersonB stipulate about the doctor's abilities?","answer":"More"}
{"text":["That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid. As a kid, he was - he hung around all the time with African-American kids. Those were his playmates, even in Hyannis. He was - he, you know, Father Feeney - when Father Feeney said no salvation outside the Catholic Church, he railed against that, which was so extraordinary in that very Catholic family.","You know, Ralph Bunche - he insisted that that great African-American statesman get to speak to a integrated audience at UVA when he was in charge of the lecture series down there. There's all kinds of evidence of Bobby in the beginning being a liberal in the best sense of that word. And I think it just came more to life after Jack was gone and after the old man was out of action.","Will American voters these days - and donors and journalists, for that matter - let a public figure change in public the way Robert Kennedy did?","Well, I think the hardest thing for him - and to me, the sweetest part of the book - was his evolution on Joe McCarthy. There's no doubt that he loved the guy. It came through right to the end when he was driving in the car at National Airport. And Kathleen, his young daughter, said he was so stricken by the news that McCarthy had just drank himself to death at Bethesda Naval Hospital that he drove around the airport three times. He was just distraught."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) Will American voters these days - and donors and journalists, for that matter - let a public figure change in public the way Robert Kennedy did? ","questions":"What is the main concern in question 2 regarding public figures?","answer":"tolerant"}
{"text":["Yeah, I know. It's - I actually am going to quote UC Hastings law professor, Ahmed Ghappour, who said the reason the government did this is pure PR. There actually isn't a legal reason that the government needed to file this motion. It laid out everything that's already been said in the motion. But Apple got a lot of attention when Tim Cook publicly posted his reasons for not complying with the government's order on its website. And Ghappour thinks the government filed this on Friday because it didn't want Apple to have the last word this week. And in many ways, this particular situation is a PR war. The public opinion is going to matter. How do we feel about the government being able to compel a company to write code to help it out?Is there enough to be gotten from this phone that we're willing to jeopardize our privacy in the long run?In the past, when most things were in the physical world, if you created a key for one door, chances are it wouldn't affect all the other doors. But in the digital age, things are different. And it looks like, in this case, Tim Cook is saying, we need spaces where no one, not the government, not a hacker or even a private company, that makes the device can get in.","So what's next?","Appeals, appeals unless Congress, in its wisdom, decides to do something. But Congress hasn't been doing a lot lately, so I don't know.","That's NPR's Laura Sydell. Laura, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This turn does not have an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. It is a straightforward expression of gratitude towards Laura Sydell, the NPR correspondent.","questions":"Which NPR correspondent was mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"NPR"}
{"text":["Good to be here, David.","So let's return briefly to that last decision of the court on the Affordable Care Act. It was controversial, to say the least. Public opinion surveys after that decision showed how, you know - I mean, I guess it raises the question: How can the court convince the public that it really is impartial, since that case seemed to really bring it into the field of politics in so many ways?","Well, look at the John Roberts opinion. The chief justice was the deciding vote. He's a conservative guy, a Republican appointee. And in the end, he wasn't willing to strike down the entire Affordable Care Act. I think Roberts' view was, what he has said all along, was that it's my job. If there's a constitutional basis to uphold a law passed by Congress, I should do it.","He didn't think this was - could be justified as a regulation of commerce, because that would be requiring people to buy a product. But he also thought, gee, the government has very broad power to use its taxing power. And so he accepted the sort of fallback argument, which is that it could be upheld as a tax."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The conservative Chief Justice John Roberts upheld the Affordable Care Act despite his political affiliations.","questions":"Which decision did the conservative Chief Justice make?","answer":"Upholding-the-Affordable-Care-Act"}
{"text":["Chris Scheuerman knew that his son was having troubles coping with combat. In March of 2005 while Jason was on leave, he told his father he was scared. Chris Scheuerman told him that was natural, and before leaving him at the airport for his return to Iraq, he reminded Jason to seek help if he was feeling depressed. A month later, after putting a rifle in his mouth, Jason visited an Army chaplain. A few weeks after that, Jason was evaluated by an Army psychologist.","He told me that the psychologist had given him a standardized test and talked to him for about 10 minutes. And after that evaluation, he sent a note back to the command stating that Jason was capable of feigning his illness in order to manipulate his command. That assessment brought much hardship down on my son, and this is after this unit had seen Jason with the muzzle of his weapon in his mouth and did nothing. This is a unit in which a chaplain writes he believed my son to be possessed by demons and obsessed with suicide, and did nothing. On the day that Jason took his life, he was given an Article 15, which in the military, is a non-judicial punishment. They gave him that for being out of uniform. During those proceedings, his first sergeant told him that if he was faking his illness, then he would go to jail and become someone's butt buddy, and Jason talks to that statement in his suicide note.","What does he say?","Basically, paraphrasing it, he speaks that life is not worth living if all he has looked forward to is being in jail and being someone's butt buddy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Butt Buddy is a derogatory remark and not a term for an actual friend","questions":"How is \"Butt Buddy\" defined in the dialogue?","answer":"Derogatory"}
{"text":["It could be any number of things, Scott. It - there was a sidebar that, as you know, was sealed. In other words, the conversation was not made public. Could be something related to a witness scheduling issue. It could be something related to an issue that the government and the defense jointly need to work out. Could be any number of things.","I raise this because, of course, the judge has gotten a lot of attention for being tough on the prosecution. He even apologized for being too sharp. You've appeared before Judge Ellis.","Many times.","Is he crankery and colorful, or does he cross the line?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The conversation was private and sealed, so it's unclear what was discussed.","questions":"How was the conversation during the sidebar?","answer":"Private"}
{"text":["So tell me about this painting. Maybe take us back to 1982, when he was painting it at 21 years old, a few years before he died of a heroin overdose at 27.","It's 1981, 1982. You have this 21-year-old artist having their debut in New York, and it goes off like an atomic bomb. Basquiat, of course, is probably the only artist of color involved in any part of the art world at that time, and he was a spectacle to behold. I saw him on the streets of New York, and he truly was what he was called - a radiant child.","He's of Haitian and Puerto Rican descent. He's been called America's Van Gogh. Talk about his importance to the art world.","Basquiat is an extraordinary example of taking his own identity growing up as a black man in New York, combining it with art history via a lot of expressionistic wild-style painting where every single inch of the surface is activated and coming at you with optical power aggressively so, really hard."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Basquiat faced discrimination due to his race in the art world, and his success was groundbreaking for artists of color.","questions":"How was Basquiat's success significant for artists of color?","answer":"Groundbreaking"}
{"text":["Yesterday, we reported on the U. N.  Security Council meeting that took place on Friday. The topic was Kashmir. It seems like there was not really a consensus on how to move forward on this issue. Did you have a sense of how the residents of Kashmir would like - what role they would like the international community to play in this conflict, if any?","I think that a majority of Kashmiris are really, really tired of the violence. Many, many years ago, there had been a lot of hopes on Pakistan. But I think that hope is gone. Once the ban on communication is lifted, when Internet is restored, many are expecting to see a few - at least a few clashes between protesters and Indian security forces in Kashmir.","That's journalist Rahul Pandita. He was kind of to join us from Delhi.","Rahul, thank you so much for speaking with us about your reporting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : being tired of something means that you are annoyed or mad at something. People are getting annoyed of violence, or mad at the violence.","questions":"How are Kashmiris feeling about the violence?","answer":"Tired"}
{"text":["That's right. And the U. S.  scientists had been very disappointed in the '58 Brussels fair because they felt the Russians had outshone us in terms of science. And they said we need to do something. And the Seattle guys came along and said, we want to do a fair. You want a science fair. That's what this will be about. The Space Needle was designed to be a symbol of the kind of uplift that science and technology represented to the world.","When they broke ground on the Space Needle, it was literally the same time that the Berlin Wall was being built. And it became this kind of symbol about the difference between us and the Soviets. They were putting up barbwire. We were putting up a vista to the world.","Talking with Knute Berger on SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow here at - in Seattle at the Pacific Science Center right next to the Space Needle. If it were to be built today, would anything be built differently about it, structurally or design-wise or is it almost a perfect needle?","You know, I asked the engineer who's still alive who worked on it. I asked him that exact question. I said what would you today?And he said, basically, we wouldn't anything different. He said we could take some of the weight out of it. They overbuilt it. He. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They felt the Russians had done a great deal better than they had. The Seattle guys contacted them about doing a fair. The Space Needle is a large tower with a pointed end at the top.","questions":"Which structure is designed to be a symbol of the kind of uplift that science and technology represented to the world?","answer":"SpaceNeedle"}
{"text":["The final thing is this. How has both - how have both the culture and the appearance of Harlem changed with this new money and these new properties, newly priced properties?","Well, the culture is even more vibrant, because we have people that have moved in who have the money to contribute to the children's art carnival or the Dance Theater of Harlem or the Harlem School of the Arts. I mean, it's not just myself, it's brokers, other people who have moved in are writing large checks to these organizations, like the Studio Museum in Harlem. They weren't thriving before. Some of the organizations didn't exist before. The culture is only going to continue to be as great as it is and continue.","What you notice, though, is the complexion of the people walking down the street. In the bad old days when I moved up to Harlem, if I wanted to go shopping, you had to get on the subway and go to 42nd Street. Now I just walk down to 125th Street, and everything I want is there. And while I'm walking down the street, I see people from around the world. We get tourists from around the world, in addition to the non-African-Americans who are now residents of Harlem. So the face of Harlem is changing, but the culture is not going anywhere. The non-blacks who moved to Harlem moved there because they want the nightlife that we can offer.","Willie, thank you so much for being with us today and sharing your points of view."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : New residents with money are contributing to cultural institutions.","questions":"How are cultural institutions being supported in Harlem?","answer":"institutions"}
{"text":["So a medicinal leech is a common name that we use for leeches that feed on humans. . .","Oh.",". . . And have anticoagulants that could be used in modern medicine. Leeches have these anticoagulants in their saliva. So when they bite, that causes the blood to flow and for the blood to stay liquid inside the leech once it's eaten it. And this has been used in medicine for many, many years. It was most popular in the 17, 1800s in Western medicine, and it's even used today in modern medicine. Leeches are approved medical device in the United States, and they're used readily.","Tell me about your collection method. How did you find this three-jawed leech?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It's not three jawed but has multiple capabilities when it bites a person.","questions":"Which leech has multiple capabilities when it bites a person?","answer":"leech"}
{"text":["I think both can be true. I think - look. It's outrageous that there's an invoice. But it's not new. The invoice was not given lately. It was given to Special Representative Yun when he went to North Korea to collect Otto Warmbier. And at that point, when you're giving that invoice, you sign, and you leave. So it's not new. That's one. Second, it's not unique, either. When. . .","It's not unique to negotiations with North Korea or. . .","Correct - North Korea specifically.","North Korea specifically has a habit of this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Invoice for collecting Otto Warmbier is not unique to negotiations with North Korea.","questions":"Which country?","answer":"North-Korea"}
{"text":["You did it.","Yeah, but I didn't realize the difficulty of doing that because you're not supposed to play the trumpet like that. I need(ph) getting with these saxophone players. I wanted to play like them, so.","You know, 1964, you were like - you were hot, you were on fire. What was it like at that time to be Freddie Hubbard the star, the headliner?","You know, I was there, and I was in a competition - not - you know, a competition with Lee Morgan(ph) and Bill Holland(ph) and Donald Barry(ph), all these guys were there, and it was a test. I mean, every time you played, you were being watched and people compared you with - look at little Lee Morgan. So that competition kind of kept me going, you know. I mean, they made me strive to play better than I would normally."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person was not on fire but he was playing very well and getting a lot of fame and jobs because of this.","questions":"Which competition?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["The law now differs whether the gun being purchased is a handgun or what is broadly defined as a long gun. So the law is that if it's a handgun, you need to be 21. But long guns - rifles, shotguns and assault-style rifles included - that's 18. And after Parkland, where the perpetrator was 19 and legally purchased an assault-style rifle, there has been a call to raise that minimum age for assault-style rifles and all long guns.","What about arming teachers?What changes to the law would be required?","That gets complex. We do have the Gun-Free School Zones Act, which was signed with the first President Bush. But it allows for some discretion at the state and local level. And some states allow individual districts to set their own policies. And so we at The Trace of reported on districts in Ohio that allow certain designated teachers and other school staff members to access guns. Texas is another state where that happens. So, in fact, there are some states where there are guns in schools accessible to some teachers and staff members.","Have there been gun laws that have been rolled back by the Trump administration?","The big picture under Trump is that not much has changed, which is interesting because Trump had such strong backing from the National Rifle Association. And they have two big priorities. One is something called concealed carry reciprocity. And the upshot is that if you have a license to carry a concealed gun in your home state, every other state would have to honor that license and vice versa. That does pass the House in December - not taken up by the Senate."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The legal age for purchasing handguns and long guns is different, with handguns requiring a higher age limit.","questions":"Which type of guns have a lower age limit for purchase according to the law mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"long"}
{"text":["Right.","How do you think the election changed the political landscape in this country, or do you?","Well, it's changed the landscape entirely. All of the talk of the time of Bush's presidency from 2002, when we started, all the way up until Obama's election, things got more and more depressing as time went on. Even though Bush got actually elected in 2004 as oppose to the disputed election in 2000 - still, most of the news was bad news, and we had a steady diet of bad news and flubs in this, and worries about war and worries about domestic policy and civil liberties and civil rights, and it was just bad news. It was like everything was downhill. And the country was depressed, psychologically. And Bush, now that he's gone, you got a breath of fresh air. Everybody is waiting expectantly. People have been happy. They've celebrated. And now the news is always about, you know, what is going now and how is it going to play out, and with most people hoping that it will play out positively after so much depression.","Are you surprised at the level of engagement of what I would arguably say is the black community at large in the political arena, both as voters, as viewers, as readers and particularly, as political pundits."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They want to know how the election changed the way politics in the country work. Also, the people had a a steady amount of news information to read and watch and listen to.","questions":"What was the psychological state of the country during the time of Bush's presidency?","answer":"Psychological"}
{"text":["And the other one is silencers or suppressors - a push to deregulate those devices. And that hasn't gone through. So the big ticket items that the NRA wants the NRA doesn't get. You mentioned at the top there this idea of strengthening background checks. I think it's important to be specific about what's under discussion there. There is bipartisan legislation. And what it would do would provide grants to the states to make sure that all of the records that show that a person is prohibited from owning a gun get into the databases that are scanned during a background check.","Mr.  Burnett, there's renewed interest on the sale of assault weapons. A ban went into effect in 1994. It expired 10 years later. Based on your reporting, what effect did that ban have?","There is some evidence - and we talk about assault - bans on assault-style weapons. What a lot of public safety experts say is the most meaningful piece of that is a restriction on how large the magazine - the ammunition magazine - that's basically how many rounds the gun can hold at one time, can be fired at one time before you have to reload.","Is there, in your mind, compelling evidence that the ban on assault weapons actually succeeded in banning assault weapons or reduced the supply or use of assault weapons and criminal activity?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"assault-style weapons\" - this is a term used to describe certain types of firearms that have specific features but it does not necessarily mean that the weapon is used for assault purposes.","questions":"How does the term \"assault-style weapons\" describe certain types of firearms?","answer":"Features"}
{"text":["Very much this was an aftershock to the departure of Steve Bannon, who was the president's chief strategist. He's the guy who brought Seb Gorka in. Gorka was not a household name, at least not in most households. And he was part of the contingent in the White House associated with this America first attitude, a kind of ultra-nationalism. And that faction, at this point, is down. But as we saw with the pardon of Sheriff Arpaio, that faction is not yet out.","More missiles out of North Korea were launched last night - fell in the sea. North Korea had not so much other news broken overnight. This might have been our lead story. Does President Trump, after this week, have the confidence in Congress and in other quarters of opinion, to lead the country on this and other issues?","You know, that depends on whom you ask. There are certainly those people who will express total confidence in the president, those who have probably never had any at all. But the team around the president, the three generals - so we are increasingly talking about John Kelly, James Mattis, H. R. McMaster - that team tends to boost confidence on military matters.","Ron Elving, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) \"And that faction, at this point, is down.But as we saw with the pardon of Sheriff Arpaio, that faction is not yet out.\" ","questions":"How is the faction associated with the America first attitude described in turn 0?","answer":"Ultra-nationalism"}
{"text":["We've all seen, you know if you've gone to one of these snooty coffee shops - I say that lovingly because I go to them.","But, you know, there are all these machines, and you wonder, well, why do you really have to use this one for this?","Right.","And this video decodes that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Snooty means that the shop believes it is better than others.","questions":"How does PersonA refer to the coffee shops?","answer":"Snooty"}
{"text":["The resignation of Michael Flynn as national security adviser came after leaks from anonymous sources inside the intelligence community. Anonymous sources have always been a source of tips for reporters, but they've been especially prominent in the first days of the Trump administration. Last night, President Trump called the American news media the enemy of the people. NPR's David Folkenflik joins us. David, thanks for being with us.","Always.","When The Washington Post broke this story, they cited nine current and former officials and said they spoke on condition of anonymity. What kind of editorial decision-making goes in to having a report like this appear?","You can be sure that this rocketed up to the very top of the news hierarchy at a newsroom like The Post. Just the very fact that they took nine sources that they clearly went out of their way to try to check, cross-check, double-check and question what they were about to report that the stakes were that high, that the ramifications of what they were going to report would be so significant that they were going to take this very seriously indeed. And I think you can see that by the solidity of the reporting as far as we know so far. And I think that's also a reflection of how uncertain this story has been to date. You know, if - you may remember before the election, The New York Times had reported that the FBI had found that there were no signs of, you know, such contacts. And I think on this subject, there's a care being given by The Post, by The Times and by other serious news organizations."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This question implies that a lot of thought and care went into the decision to publish the story.","questions":"What kind of decision-making went into the appearance of the report?","answer":"thoughtful"}
{"text":["These companies have existed before, but there's a lot more from these appraisal management companies. So the lender and mortgage broker has to send the order to them, this middleman, and then they go find an appraiser in your local area to go look at your house.","Now, there's a lot of concerns that these appraisal management companies are not the answer. They are not going to fix this problem. There's not a lot of regulation of these appraisal management companies, so some states are trying to fix that. We don't really know who's getting into this business. Are these the people to be entrusting this doing important job to?","So let's say you're a consumer. Let's say you're a person who's looking to buy a home, sell a home, or you want to refinance. What can you do to make sure you're not dealing with an appraiser who's got other motivations?","Well, first of all, you want to be very direct with your broker or lender and ask them, who is doing the appraisal on my house?You want to know the name of the company. Is it a company that they have a relationship with, a business relationship?Is it a company the lender partly owns?And certainly, you want to get a copy of that appraisal. And certainly, borrowers also have the ability - they can go seek out an independent appraisal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The appraisal management companies are not reliable and may have hidden motives.","questions":"Which type of companies are not properly regulated and raise concerns according to the dialogue?","answer":"Appraisalmanagement."}
{"text":["It's important because it is, for one thing, the most visible sign of climate change. There's little question that this is as a result of global warming that this is happening. And so that's one thing. The next thing is, of course, the ecosystem at the Arctic depend upon a certain amount of floating ice. The walruses dive off of it. The polar bears rely on it - the seals and so on. It's an important part of that ecosystem up there. So it has some local effects. But what's also becoming more and more apparent is it's going to be affecting our weather down here because you're going - when you get an extra degree of warmth up in the far north, you're going to change the way weather patterns move through the rest of North America.","And we could - I talked to a scientist today who said we could be seeing things like those really slow-moving big, heavy snowstorms that come along. It's not that there would necessarily be faster storms or whatever. In fact, it's just the opposite. There would be slower storms as a result of this pattern, and as a result, instead of just moving on by not causing so much grief, you can get huge amounts of snow and ice dumped on us here, and not only here, also in Russia. We have, of course. . .","Yeah.",". . . this past summer was very mild here. But when it's mild here, you need to look around the rest of the world and say, was it mild everywhere?And the answer is usually no."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The melting of Arctic ice has local and global effects.","questions":"What is one thing that the Arctic ecosystem depends on?","answer":"Ecosystem"}
{"text":["Well, I think what I heard - and I heard it over the three days - is that the president is not going to let up pressure on Japan, on Prime Minister Abe on trade. Despite the close personal relationship, despite all the pageantry of this visit, it was just at the surface that the president was getting a little irritated with the arguments that Japan has been making on trade.","I think that this is not going to bode well for how this is going to end up. Mr.  Abe doesn't have a lot of latitude to give the president what he wants. But I think they're trying very hard to keep it from bursting the seams, so to speak, on the overall political strategic relationship.","What about on North Korea?As Anthony alluded to there, President Trump contradicted not only his host, the prime minister, but his own national security adviser, John Bolton, on the significance of these recent missile launches from North Korea and whether they violate U. N.  Security Council resolutions. How significant a disagreement is that between Tokyo and Washington?","I think that will be a disappointment for Prime Minister Abe for a couple of reasons. You know, again, President Trump said he was not personally concerned about the tests, still trying to lay out what I think he thinks is the base for a bargain with Kim Jong Un, and that is an economic development strategy by North Koreans that will then mitigate the military challenge."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Prime Minister Abe will be disappointed by President Trump's lack of concern for North Korea's missile tests","questions":"What was President Trump's proposed strategy to mitigate the military challenge posed by North Korea?","answer":"Economic"}
{"text":["Now you know, in this country the housing crisis particularly fed by the subprime mortgage crisis, led to the recession in a - to a large degree. Back in 2007, you did a presentation about Latin America and the Caribbean building what you called an immune system against that kind of housing mortgage-related crisis. What did that involve?","Well, it follow in the several crisis that Latin America had in the 1990's. Bank regulators and supervisors were particularly cautious. So Latin America built perhaps a stronger than in the past certainly, and comparatively to other regions, the stronger frameworks of bank regulation supervision. The systems in Latin America became more conservative and as a result they did not get into these new fashionable instruments - sophisticated instruments - that became popular in the U. S. , in the developed markets.","As a result of being perhaps significantly behind these innovations, the Latin American's financial systems now find themselves with better quality loans, more resilient banking systems, better capitalized. It doesn't mean that this crisis will not affect domestic markets. It will affect but - but the domestic markets are in a better position to absorb the - what's coming to them.","Our final question is this, and I only have about 10 seconds for you to answer, are you confident that things will improve in Latin America, perhaps more quickly than in the United States or elsewhere?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Latin America did not get involved with popular financial loans that America used.","questions":"How did Latin America differ from the US in terms of financial loans?","answer":"Sophisticated"}
{"text":["Well, I think it's been a historical thing. It's not a new thing. Mental illness has always been a mystery. And in ancient times, it was considered to be some kind of supernatural phenomenon, demon possession. In the modern era, meaning the beginning of the 19th century, there was an effort to consider mental disorders as illnesses. But then when researchers attempted to see what the pathology of the illness was in individuals who, when they were living, were ill - when it came to mental illnesses, they couldn't find anything. And I think then what happened is that in the desperation of psychiatrists who, by and large, were the custodians of asylums - as an alternative, people sought treatments, but the treatments turned out to be in retrospect pretty barbaric. And it's only really been in the last 50 years that psychiatry has established a scientific foundation for itself and developed treatments that truly work beyond a shadow of a doubt and are safe. But the lulled attitudes still persists.","Yeah. No name is bigger still, in a way, than Sigmund Freud. What did he get right, and what do we now know was not as helpful?","Well, Freud is undisputedly a towering figure and the most famous person in the history of psychiatry. And in the absence of any scientific theory of mental illness, he introduced concepts that were completely novel to civilization and endure today as valid and have really been given new life in the context of cognitive neuroscience.","What did he get wrong?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"he introduced concepts that were completely novel to civilization and endure today as valid\" - This phrase is not meant to be taken literally. It means that Freud's theories and concepts were groundbreaking and still have relevance and influence today, not that they are literally the only valid concepts in the field of psychiatry.","questions":"What phrase is meant to be taken non-literally when referring to Freud's theories and concepts in psychiatry?","answer":"Non-literally"}
{"text":["You know, he doesn't.","Well, he's not a reporter then - he or she or it. Yes.","He's actually very friendly.","Very friendly, really, and thanks the editor for improving his or her work?","He does. He even asks for changes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) B's response to A's statement that \"he doesn't\" implies that the subject being discussed is not a reporter, but it also implies skepticism or doubt about the subject's credibility or qualifications.","questions":"What does PersonB imply about the subject's attitude towards the editor?","answer":"Thanks"}
{"text":["So, this is an exciting moment for us to take a look at ourselves. So, you know, first of all, how do you compare this presidential race with ones in the past?","Can't do it. This is not like any presidential race in the past. We have already had the first woman candidate to be this close to being nominated. The first Hispanic candidate to be a major candidate. First Mormon. We have the first African-American nominee, now presumptive nominee of the Democratic Party. And we also had a very interesting race on the Republican side that would have been kind of a barnburner in its own right. So, this has been a much more interesting presidential race that we've had in my lifetime. And it's just got an awful lot of facets of great news value.","So, how would you say, what would you say even coverage is?What is the goal really?","The best thing you can do is to reach the end of the campaign and have people say, well, we got a fair look at the candidates from the beginning to the end. We got a fair look at the two nominees of the major parties. We got a fair look at the third party candidates. And we got a fair look at all the competitors back in the primaries. I don't think you can say that at all is going to be exactly the same number of minutes devoted to each."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies that this presidential race is unique and different from previous ones, possibly due to the diversity of candidates and the amount of news value it has.","questions":"What is the reason for the uniqueness of this presidential race?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["You know, in the post-Katrina era, Scott, the assumption has been that when a hurricane comes, you focus on that and set other things aside. So it was jarring when the president went ahead with his summit with Kanye West. And as you say, it was a major full-media presence in the Oval Office.","But the president's theme all week has been to keep the focus on the president. He's had a flurry of news availabilities - way more than usual. In fact, in the last month, he's had more than in all the time previously in his presidency - very flashy events, campaign rallies around the country, night after night.","And that happens just as the cable operations - television, news - has - well, they've begun to lose interest in some of those rallies. They're not covering them from beginning to end anymore, sometimes not covering them all - at all, perhaps because they do seem to be news-free campaign events, and maybe because they've become so frequent.","Does this week's sudden stock sell-off raise questions about what had seemed to be so much good news about the economy, including that historically low unemployment rate?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president is trying to divert attention away from negative news about him and his administration","questions":"What is the president's current theme?","answer":"President"}
{"text":["Yeah. It was over in an hour or something, right?Yeah.","Exactly.","The emperor Augustus almost cracked up on your watch.","Yeah. That was - the Vatican exhibit was coming into the Met, some Leonardos, really fine, fine pieces of art. The Augustus was one big crate. And as the truck was coming down the ramp, you could see the truck driver was going too fast. And the top of the crate hit the concrete support beam in the garage, and all you heard was a crunching of wood. And my heart almost stopped."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Their heart did not almost stop but they did fell very close to panic when they heard the sound.","questions":"What did PersonA feel when they heard the sound?","answer":"Close"}
{"text":["Well again, our hearts go out to the Hudson family. I wanted to bring up one more thing though, which is that, you know, Friday night is, in happy terms for a lot of kids, the night of ghouls and goblins. But there are these sex offender registries that reveal that in most of our neighborhoods there are people who have been convicted of crimes, including attacking children.","So Missouri enacted a law restricting convicted sex offenders on Halloween, and convicted sex crime offenders would be prohibited from leaving their homes between 5 P. M.  and 10:30. They would also have to hang a sign on their door that says no candy or treats at this residence. But a federal judge temporarily blocked the curfew for this Friday. The case is still in appeal. So what was it about this law that didn't pass the smell test for the judge?","It was vague and over broad. That's what didn't pass the smell test. What is just cause?They say that they - a sex offender can leave for just cause. So how do you define just cause?Is that a trip to the pharmacy to get some Aspirin, or does it have to be a medical emergency?","And also, they are saying Halloween-related contact with children, does that mean a man - and I believe that was one of the four sex offenders who brought this says, I have a nephew ,or a son or something that's living in my house, does that mean I cannot carve a pumpkin in my own home with my child?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when hearts go out is said in this context it usually means you're in my thoughts, or I'm thinking of you","questions":"What phrase is used to describe the night of ghouls and goblins in the dialogue?","answer":"Fridaynight"}
{"text":["So in lieu of a car czar, there will be this Presidential Task Force on Autos. Who will be heading up that group?","It will be headed by Treasury Secretary Timothy Geitner and National Economic Council Director Lawrence Summers, the two top economic people in the Obama administration. It'll also pool staffers from several different departments throughout the government, including Transportation, Labor, and the EPA.","You mentioned Tim Geithner, Larry Summers. Both gentlemen already have quite a bit on their plates. Isn't there some concern about taking on the auto industry in addition to everything else?","There may be some concern, but I don't know if they have any choice. Just Friday, the supplier industry came to Treasury and put forth a proposal where it would receive up to $25 billion in aid. It did so because it was warning that given the production cuts the automakers have been forced to make this year, there may be a wave of bankruptcies in the supplier industry. They may need aid before the end of February."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Tim Geithner and Larry Summers have a lot of responsibilities","questions":"How many departments will pool staffers for the Presidential Task Force on Autos?","answer":"Several"}
{"text":["Right. Just say en and E and - yeah.","What I think the phrase means is this feeling of glory that as humans who exist there is something marvelous about us, something magical, something stupendous, something exemplary. And I don't mean that in a religious way but perhaps religious adjacent, that we are touched by God, you know, that we have a spark. But also by nature of being on this planet, we are scarred and weathered and corrupted by the world outside of us and the flawed architecture inside of us. And so I like the phrase damaged glory because I think it represents that. And I do believe that we are all worthy of somebody who will love us in all our damaged glory.","Raphael Bob-Waksberg, thanks for speaking with us today.","Well, thank you so much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker believes that humans are both wonderful and flawed, but still deserving of love","questions":"How does the speaker describe humans?","answer":"Worthy"}
{"text":["Well, I am born and raised in Barquisimeto, Venezuela. I study computer science. Once I started finishing my school in 2010, I started to think, OK, what's next in my career?Started applying to big tech companies like Google, Facebook, Microsoft. And I got an offer from Google and came to the Valley in 2011.","So how did the idea for Code For Venezuela come about?What was the goal of the group?","It's a group of friends that - we've known each other for three or four years now here in the Bay Area. And right about late last year, we started, like, really brainstorm - hey, you know, what can we do that's not only financial that could really impact the country?","Can you give me a sense of what some of the projects are that you've tried to work on so far, that you're trying to innovate now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : brainstorm implies being too wise or being able to solve problems from with good ideas and not a storm that happens in the brain ","questions":"What does the term \"brainstorm\" imply?","answer":"solve"}
{"text":["Well, popularity is very important. The outdoor world needs more visitors and better accessibility. The difficulty with managing that side of it is that construction can have adverse effects to the natural areas if you start doing different buildings and that sort of thing on top of it, but yes.","Is this an anomaly, though, when we're talking just about Horseshoe Bend or have you seen other spaces that have changed?","I have. A smaller one in Colorado is Conundrum Hot Springs. After it became a spot for people to easily find on social media, the amount of visitorship (ph) went up really high. And since this is a very remote location where people kind of hang around for a long time in the hot springs, they ran out of places to go to the bathroom. As a result, Conundrum Hot Springs had to be shut down for a little bit while park rangers were up there with shovels to relieve that issue.","Meaning they were building bathrooms because people were just, like, basically. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Popularity is important for the outdoor world, but it can have negative effects on natural areas.","questions":"How did Conundrum Hot Springs have to be shut down temporarily?","answer":"Bathrooms"}
{"text":["Both the trains slowed. I was standing there with my bag over my shoulder, ready to jump. It was windy. It was cold. It was kind of getting dark. And so they finally lined up the cars correctly, and I was told to run across the loose rocks and jump on to the other train.","The conductor on the other train pulled me on to that car. Once I was onboard, another conductor came through the car, and she said to me, don't get up when we get to Milwaukee. What I heard from her was don't get up, or I will kill you. I did not move the rest of the trip.","So I get to Saint Paul. I'm looking for my brother. He's late. So he gets there, and I ask him, why were you late?And he says, well, I checked the train schedule, and it said it was running behind. Oh, that was because of me.","A travel nightmare with a happy ending from Anne Fleury in Milwaukee. Send us your stories, please. Go to weekendeditionsaturday@npr. org. Click on contact. Put Travel Nightmare at the top of your message."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The conductor was warning me not to get off the train when we arrived in Milwaukee or there would be consequences.","questions":"How did the conductor warn the speaker about getting off the train in Milwaukee?","answer":"Don't"}
{"text":["It's been busy, definitely your traditional day after Thanksgiving where the phone starts ringing earlier in the day, and it just keeps on ringing. We're going to have a lot of people. They're going to have a lot of company over from yesterday and a lot of the people trying to be helpful in the kitchen, and they're going to put those potato peels down the drain and carrot peels and all the stuff that normally wouldn't go down the kitchen sink drain.","Kevin, I've been one of those people before, a few years back. I actually had a busted kitchen sink on Thanksgiving Day, and I couldn't find anyone open that day. By the next day, I was in a panic. Do you get the panicked calls the day after?","Oh, yeah. Yeah, definitely. You know, people, they're going to find out that a lot of the plumbers have not opened and that maybe their regular plumber that they call always is not going to answer their phone or say that they'll get right back to them. They get a voice machine or something.","Because you can capitalize on people's need the day after Thanksgiving, do you charge any more today?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The amount of people who will be calling Kevin for plumbing help is likely to be significant due to the increased activity in the kitchen on the day after Thanksgiving.","questions":"How many people might call Kevin for plumbing help?","answer":"lot"}
{"text":["The regulations and the oversight that was put in place was relatively minimal because this was going to be such a small endeavor. It was going to be a small-scale experiment for 100 schools. Well, guess what?We have 1,300 charter schools today. And we have a law that doesn't actually account for the scale of that.","That's LA Times reporter Anna Phillips. She's been investigating loopholes in California's charter school system. What she discovered is a fragmented and decentralized regulating system. In Los Angeles, Phillips encountered a case in which a wealthy Beverly Hills couple made millions of dollars by simply turning to a different school district whenever their charter schools came under scrutiny.","These charter schools had been set up as nonprofits that were publicly funded. But if you looked right kind of on the outskirts of them, the couple that had started them had essentially created a series of businesses or nonprofits that were doing business with their own schools. So for instance, this couple rented a lot of their own properties they owned. They were their own landlords.","They owned buildings that then they rented to the schools, so they were getting that income.","Exactly. And there were other ways they were getting income. The woman who ran these schools, her husband was hired on as a project manager for about $500,000 to oversee the construction of a new campus. When they wanted to bring in cafeteria meals for their students, they hired one of their own organizations. So this was public money that was coming into these schools, but the couple that ran them was financially benefiting from it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"So this was public money that was coming into these schools, but the couple that ran them was financially benefiting from it\" - The literal meaning of this sentence is that public funds were being used to support the couple's charter schools, and that the couple was making a profit from these funds. However, the implied meaning is that the couple may have been exploiting their positions of power to enrich themselves at the expense of the public education system.","questions":"How were the couple benefiting from the public money?","answer":"financially"}
{"text":["Well, Michelle, we are going to miss you so much, but our listeners, they'll still be able to keep in touch with you, right?","Absolutely. I'm going to still be doing my column for the Washington Post. You can go to WashingtonPost. com. I have my own personal Web site, michellesingletary. com. And I've got a book coming out in the fall that I hope people get a hold of because it will help you during this crisis and afterwards. It's called \"The Power to Prosper: 21 days to Financial Freedom. \"And I'm going to, hopefully, come to some communities, and I hope people come out for some of the book readings.","All right Michelle, it's been a great pleasure interviewing you and speaking with you over the years. I've just loved your energy and your advice, and I wish you the very best, and thank you so much for being on our show.","You're so welcome. I'm really, really going to miss it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : She hopes people find a way to read the book that she has written.","questions":"How will Michelle's book help people?","answer":"Help"}
{"text":["Absolutely.",". . . Didn't prevent a lethal incident, like in the Laquan McDonald case in Chicago. I mean, even though an investigative journalist had to go and demand the footage, it did result in a conviction, didn't it?I mean, it didn't prevent. . .","Absolutely.",". . . A lethal incident, but it did bring accountability after the fact. So. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is expressing sarcasm or disbelief about the effectiveness of preventing lethal incidents despite investigative journalism in the Laquan McDonald case.","questions":"Which case is being referred to when the speaker talks about accountability after the fact?","answer":"Accountability"}
{"text":["So, why did investors react the way they did?","Well, investors are always thinking about what's coming in the future. They are not that concerned with what's happening in the present. And so, Apple had a terrific quarter. They pretty much met expectations. But the markets have become so used to Apple vastly exceeding expectations and the market's become so used to Apple's sort of coming out every six months or a year with some innovative new product that everybody has to have - and that's not happening. And so the market is basically looking for somebody else to fall in love with. And there is Samsung.","And so are they doing what Apple, at least this quarter didn't do, or is Samsung rolling our new technology, new got-to-have products?","Well, the Galaxy series, which is, you know, smartphones, you know, pads, so on and so forth, has been a huge, huge hit. I read somewhere that they went from having sold 30 million Galaxy smart - the new Galaxy smartphones to 40 million in a space of two months. People really like the phones, they have a good advertising campaign and they're less expensive than Apple. And we're at the point in the smartphone market where that matters."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"Which company is mentioned as a possible alternative to Apple by A?","answer":"Samsung"}
{"text":["I'll say.","Dissection, anger, back and forth, denunciation by both major party presidential campaigns. Do you think that this cover crossed the line of propriety?","Of propriety?Perhaps. But what it - I think it did so for an urgent and good cause, which is to blow this stupid calumny about Obama away, once and for all. It travels as the subtext through all this polite conversation. I just saw some NBC report that was quoting a Newsweek poll saying 50 percent of Americans believe that Obama is or was a Muslim, or was signed - sworn in on the Koran to the Senate seat, and so on. It's madness. And I - it seems to me that showing the fevered image directly will be a possible way of looking at and dissipating that image.","I think as a result it's a fairly brave thing to do, in which the New Yorker's fulfilling its function at its best, which is to make people think and talk. And the New Yorker helped that discussion happen. And it's one of the times where I feel, hats off, New Yorker!They got it right, you know. This is not something that goes away by saying, but it's not seemly to discuss this.","But there are some people who are always going to read this un-ironically and say, well, yeah, he is a Muslim despite, you know."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Some people will misinterpret the New Yorker's cover story as confirming false rumors about Obama's religion.","questions":"What will some people misinterpret the New Yorker's cover story as confirming?","answer":"False"}
{"text":["It's the first time we've described a new medicinal leech species from North America in 40 years. And it has a number of characteristics that make it as a new - considered a new species.","What's up with the three jaws?Is this common?","Most leeches in this group and other groups have three jaws, but the number of teeth in those jaws is more variable.","So why three jaws?What do they need them for?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"why do they need them for\" implies rather \"what would\" they need them for.","questions":"Which word is implied instead of \"why\" in turn 3 of the dialogue?","answer":"What"}
{"text":["Yeah. And that took a lot out of my legs. I was pretty fatigued by the end of the game, and I'm feeling it today.","And do - I bet you are a little tired.","But at - towards the end of the game, where you aware of the record?And where you aware you'd broken it?","I wasn't aware, actually. I think I was just so tired and so focused on scoring the basketball. There's a stretch late in the second half where I think I hit seven or eight consecutive threes, and I knew something special was going on after that."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"took a lot out of my legs\" - This expression is an idiom used to describe feeling physically exhausted or drained after an activity. It does not literally mean that something was taken out of the speaker's legs.","questions":"What does the idiom \"took a lot out of my legs\" mean?","answer":"Exhausted"}
{"text":["I mean, now in hindsight, I don't think there's any doubt that Putin used phony cease-fire talks as a sort of clever way to allow Moscow to keep one hand in diplomacy and to calibrate it but also to keep its feet on the Syrian battlefield in defense of Assad.","Is it worthwhile to make another attempt to talk to Russia?","You know, I think Mr.  Putin is most comfortable, frankly, when he has a diplomatic process going and a military process on the ground. He fashions himself not simply a combatant but a broker and a mediator and a great power. It is high time that the United States remove right now this sort of Potemkin Village fraud in which Mr.  Putin seems to have the best of both worlds. Pull it away, keep the focus on Vladimir Putin as aggressor, tar him with the responsibility and the Assads for the humanitarian catastrophe and don't give him the legitimacy to argue that in fact he can play both on the battlefield and in the diplomatic corridors of Geneva and New York.","There have been reports again that the administration's considering applying more U. S.  military power in the region. How do you feel about that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"tar him with the responsibility\": This phrase is being used metaphorically to mean to assign blame or responsibility to Putin, rather than literally tarring him with something.","questions":"Which phrase is being used metaphorically in turn 2?","answer":"Tarhim."}
{"text":["Well, that's after Stephen Hawking's book \"A Brief History Of Time\" which is a huge bestseller and many people read it, of course, but probably many more people didn't read it. It's sort of famous as a book that many, many people bought and didn't make it all the way through.","How does the index work?And we should also be very clear that this is completely unscientific and totally for fun.","Absolutely, yeah. So what I did was when you highlight books on your Kindle, when you highlight a sentence that you particularly like, Amazon is keeping track of that - I'm not sure everyone knows that - and Amazon records what five sentences in a book are the most commonly highlighted. So in a book that people are reading all the way through, it might be the case, that those highlights are scattered all the way through the length of the book. But if, on the other hand, there was a book that almost everyone was starting and reading a few pages and then putting down, then all of those highlights would have to be clustered in the first part. So what I did was just average the location of the top five highlights in the book - a very simple measure.","And that's publicly available data?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker anticipates that the conversation with the boss will be negative or unpleasant based on the boss's tone.","questions":"What is the PersonA's perception of the upcoming conversation with the boss based on their tone?","answer":"Perception"}
{"text":["It's a bit of a fly in the ointment for ethical Sarah Palin. There's - in the last month or so, there's been increasing attention paid to an incident in which her opponent say, she pressured her public safety commissioner to fire her sister's ex-husband. He's a trooper and what they're saying is that she was trying to get him canned. She denies this, but there's a lot of evidence that suggests - that things are a little more complicated than that and the legislature is investigating now.","Now, she's known as a maverick. She's bucked the establishment so in that way, she compares favorably to John McCain. And tell us a bit more about how she compares with him.","Well, she certainly loves his maverick image. She likes the fact that he challenges the party hierarchy as she has done, and so she's been early McCain supporter on that score. She's got more of a social conservative background than he does, and that may very well be why she's on the ticket because she's got more of those bona fides. But at the same time, some people in Alaska point out that in the two years she's in office so far, she hasn't actually made any big moves on the social conservative front. That she's, you know, she calls herself a social conservative, and certainly has those values, but (unintelligible) necessarily done a lot about it.","Social conservative, she's very pro-life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Sarah Palin may have pressured the public safety commissioner to fire her sister's ex-husband","questions":"How does Sarah Palin's ethical stance appear to be affected by recent events?","answer":"Pressure"}
{"text":["OK.","We're in a tent at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival. So if you hear some extraneous sounds that you wouldn't normally hear in Studio 3A, please forgive us. But it gives us the opportunity to do some things that we wouldn't ordinarily do. We want to hear from comedians today. How do you translate your material, which comes from a certain time and place, to a wider or different cultural or even ethnic group?Give us a call: 800-989-8255. Email us: talk@npr. org.","And Trevor Noah, what did you find translated well?Is there a material that you did in Cape Town that you can do in Los Angeles, or Baltimore for that matter?","Not really, no. Because the points of view changes, you know?I think the one - well, I could talk about Oprah. Oprah is worldwide. Yes.","Oprah is worldwide."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : We're in a tent at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival. So if you hear some extraneous sounds that you wouldn't normally hear in Studio 3A, please forgive us. But it gives us the opportunity to do some things that we wouldn't ordinarily do. We want to hear from comedians today. How do you translate your material, which comes from a certain time and place, to a wider or different cultural or even ethnic group? Give us a call: 800-989-8255. Email us: talk@npr.org. (This turn has a literal meaning of explaining the setting and purpose of the radio show)","questions":"How can the extraneous sounds be explained during the radio show?","answer":"Extraneous"}
{"text":["You are a brave man. You think there's going to be any political spats at your table?","Well, the entire house becomes the table with that many people, so we won't actually have room for argument. Anybody who wants to bicker will have to go outside.","John Dickerson is the chief political correspondent for slate. com. Thanks, John, and happy Thanksgiving.","Thank you. Happy Thanksgiving to you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B is skeptical about political discussions during Thanksgiving","questions":"What is John Dickerson's profession?","answer":"Correspondent"}
{"text":["Most Americans agree Congress should do something to try to end gun violence. There is wide support for a range of ideas, including keeping tabs on or limiting who can get a gun and making it easier for police and family members to temporarily take guns away from people who may hurt themselves or others - what's known as red flag laws. There's more division on other proposals. We all - we know all of this because of a new NPR\/PBS NewsHour\/Marist poll.","NPR senior political editor and correspondent Domenico Montanaro has dug into the numbers. He joins us now. Hey, Domenico.","Hey, Ailsa.","OK. So I want to start where there is some agreement. Let's just start positive for now. What does this poll tell us?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is a problem with gun violence in America.","questions":"What is the proposed solution to temporarily take guns away from people who may hurt themselves or others called?","answer":"Red-flag"}
{"text":["Finally, Mike, the Super Bowl is usually one huge party. But given the current economy, do you think it'll be as big of a celebration?","Officially, they give figures that are absolutely impossible to check about how much the Super Bowl adds to the economy. $300 million is one of the official totals. But I've read different economists saying the impact on a local economy is very small. And I have informally talked to some limo drivers and talked to some people who work in hotels. And they said, you know, a year ago, if you told them the Super Bowl was going to be here, they would've thought they'd all be booked up by now. But you can still get a limo maybe on Friday and Saturday, maybe not Sunday going to the game.","So it does - and another indication is that there used to be two huge parties sponsored by Playboy and Maxim, and Playboy is not having its party. So that's the economic indicator of this Super Bowl, that Playboy is not having its party.","NPR's Mike Pesca in Tampa, Florida for this weekend's Super Bowl. Thanks Mike."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  economy is not literally hit by the super bowl, but affected by it; booked up does not mean surrounded by books, but there are no hotel rooms available","questions":"How is the economy impacted by the Super Bowl?","answer":"Small"}
{"text":["That's good. That's a start.","That's good.","But there are also very few issues that could get us at daggers drawn in the short term. You could have a misunderstanding and miscalculation in the South China Sea. Taiwan remains very concerning.","But overall, to date, there are very few areas in which the United States and China are headed toward conflict with each other. And there is great concern in both capitals that it not get there. But between that observation - that we mustn't go to war - and the growing list of complaints against each other, there is insufficient strategic thinking in both capitals."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : US and China lack sufficient strategic thinking despite their concern to avoid conflict","questions":"Which capitals lack strategic thinking?","answer":"Both"}
{"text":["We're coming over the initial shock. It's a very strange situation to live in one of the wealthiest countries in the world. And we have been living in more luxury than almost any other nation on this planet, and now all of a sudden we find ourselves almost like beggars.","You talk about the swift difference between being so wealthy to now being in a totally different place. Is this what everyone - is the average person going through something like this?Or is this just a select few that went from being so wealthy to so not wealthy?","The general public here has been very, very well off. But now people that are starting to lose their jobs - hundreds of people that used to work in the banks have been losing their jobs recently. We know that a lot of companies are going to become bankrupt. We had almost no unemployment in the past years. We've been importing workers from Eastern Europe because we didn't have enough people to work in our companies.","So, how are people coping with this?Are they selling off their belongings?What are they doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is acknowledging the wealth of their country and how they have been living in luxury, but now they feel like beggars due to the sudden change in their circumstances.","questions":"How does the speaker describe their current situation?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Yes. The ground has been too wet. Every time we turn around, it seems like we keep getting a rain shower that we don't need. But normally in the planting season, we have a four, five or six-day window of dry weather where we can go out and plant. And then it might rain. And then we'll have another four or five, six-day window. This year, we've only been able to plant on five different days now total.","So how much of your normal crop have you been able to get into the ground?","We're small compared to some of the other growers throughout the state here in Illinois. But we normally have everything in the ground. As of Monday, we only had about 25% or so in the ground tops, actually a little bit less than that.","So what are you going to do?As you said, like, normally, you've had your corn in. And then I guess you'd move onto your beans. What are you going to do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite being in the planting season, rain has prevented planting on most days this year.","questions":"Which season was affected by rain this year?","answer":"Planting"}
{"text":["Wow.",". . . all the different individual pieces, we've got tens of thousands of pieces, but basically, 1,800 or more than 1,800 different distinct meteorites. And we have some of the - there's all different kinds of meteorites. I know this is radio, but I actually did bring some samples in with me for the studio audience at least. So if anybody afterwards wants to come by and take a look at these. . .","You'll count them on the way out.","I will count them on the way out."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : You will count the number of samples you have after the presentation implying that the studio audience might steal some.","questions":"How will PersonA ensure that he has all the samples he brought with him?","answer":"Count"}
{"text":["So you say that some of his actions have been uncharacteristically un-Trumpian and that they're reminiscent of Obama. But what is Trumpian is that he's been conducting Syria policy over Twitter.","That's right, and he previewed the strikes. He said they were coming fast and smart. The missiles were coming. He then backtracked and said, maybe I haven't decided on a strike. And then, he tweeted something that really got everyone's attention. He said mission accomplished, which are two words that. . .","Very infamous words. . .",". . . George W.  Bush famously used. And he used them the last time we were involved in a Middle East conflict, declared it accomplished. And it turns out it wasn't."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mission accomplished doesn't necessarily mean that the mission was successful.","questions":"Which phrase did Trump use to describe the Syria strikes?","answer":"Accomplished"}
{"text":["And let's talk about the rivals themselves once they were in the Cabinet. You wrote about this this week in the Los Angeles Times in an op-ed. And you noted that, two years into Lincoln's administration, there was a full-blown crisis in Lincoln's Cabinet. What was that about?","Well, we reached this point in the middle of the war - it's December 1862 - when Lincoln actually says to one of his closest friends, we are now on the brink of destruction. And he was talking about a Cabinet crisis that was the result of this friction between these rivals. There was backbiting and intrigue, and it was ugly. Lincoln survived it, and that's why we tend to forget how ugly it was. But, you know, in the first two years of the conflict, the president is really struggling to manage these balky rivals.","And they're unable to, what, subsume their own egos to that of the president's?","You know, in retrospect, I think Doris Kearns Goodwin, you know, has a lot of wisdom when she says Lincoln had great personal strength to reach out to his rivals. But at the time, it was considered tremendous weakness and therefore, people in Washington at the beginning of the administration thought he was weak, and they tried to take advantage of it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is reflecting on the fact that Lincoln's willingness to work with his rivals was seen as a weakness by some in Washington at the time, but in hindsight, it was a display of personal strength and leadership","questions":"Which trait of Lincoln's leadership was initially seen as a weakness?","answer":"Weakness"}
{"text":["We literally stumbled into them looking for the largest live coast redwoods. And it was akin to finding a dinosaur that was still preserved laying on its side. So, it was just dumb luck.","So, what do you do?You get a cutting from that tree and then what happens?","Well, we really didn't know at that time and we didn't even know at that time nobody had thought of it or had ever done it. That was two years ago. So, I was with my son Jake, and Jake goes, well, look, dad. Look over here on the other side. And he found some shoots that were green and they were attached to the roots and some of the base of the 35-foot-diameter stump. And he goes why don't we try these?And that's exactly how it was birthed.","So, you planted these cuttings and what'll happen?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Finding them was very similar to finding a dinosaur- a major surprise.","questions":"Which discovery was akin to finding a dinosaur?","answer":"Coast-redwoods"}
{"text":["There's a voice that we have not heard a lot from lately and I want to ask you about it. I'm talking about fed chief Ben Bernanke. He seems to have all but disappeared from the headlines. Why is that we aren't hearing more from him as the stimulus package gets debated?","Well, Bernanke's role is to manage U. S.  monetary policy - what does money cost, bank regulations, all that stuff. So frankly he doesn't have very many arrows in his quiver yet left. He's got - I think we're down to, you know, under one percent for the federal funds rate. So there's not a lot of pontificating around interest rates that Bernanke can do. He ought to be of greater voice around the stimulus especially around as you - strategy, the bad bank strategy you mentioned.","I believe that what he's doing really is letting the Obama economic team get their feet wet. Very, very soon we ought to be hearing that he and the Treasury secretary have met. He's not an Alan Greenspan. If you think back to 1992 when Clinton was elected, Greenspan immediately jumped out there and was almost a jockeying between Greenspan and Clinton. And Greenspan made it clear, hey, I'm the money guy, I'm in charge of this, guys. And he, you know, he went to the White House, he had very long meeting with Clinton. It's been written about by - it's been written about it, you know, the Washington Post reporter has written extensively about that meeting, Carl F - Bernstein.","Bernstein."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He does not have many ways to solve the problems as of yet.","questions":"What is Bernanke's role?","answer":"Manage"}
{"text":["So are you surprised by these numbers?Is there anything in the report we haven't really heard before?","Unfortunately I wish I could say I was surprised. But it's pretty much an extension of what we've known going back for decades now, and that is that our path of tougher sentencing laws and higher rates of incarceration has really continued unabated. And at this point, as this report points out, we stand alone on the global stage with really no other peers in terms of our use of incarceration.","Can you break down the numbers by race?","Well, that's where the numbers are most compelling and most frightening. The one in a hundred number that got most of the attention, one in a hundred Americans are in prison or jail, obscures the underlying trends and the geographical concentration of incarceration, particularly among low-income communities of color. And once you look for young African\u2014American males, as the report points out, black men between the ages of 20 and 34, one in nine of them are in prison or jail on a given day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The numbers in the report confirm that the use of incarceration in the US has been consistently high for decades, and the country stands alone globally in its incarceration rates.","questions":"Which age group of African American men are one in nine in prison or jail on a given day as pointed out in the report?","answer":"20-34"}
{"text":["Media looks very bad on this. It looks credulous for Justice Department sources. Hatfill had filed suit against the government and, you know, sought to get the names of sources from journalists, taking them to court to do so, and to try to prove that the Justice Department had intentionally leaked this, as they sought to, you know, circle in on him and to capture him for these attacks.","Now, this year, there was a settlement, a legal settlement, for Steven Hatfill from the government.","That's right. Just a few months ago, the government essentially paid out a package - depending on how you value it - but about 5. 85 million dollars to compensate him for lost revenue over the course of his career. He lost a job at Louisiana State University, as a result of this, that he had been offered. Interestingly, the government did not exonerate him directly. Although the entire settlement tended to do that, but it not explicitly exonerate him, and nor did it apologize to him for this. CHADWICK: I don't imagine that we in the media are going to be apologizing to him either. NPR's David Folkenflik, thank you.","You bet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"there was a settlement...for Steven Hatfill from the government.\" - The actual meaning is that Steven Hatfill received a monetary compensation from the government as a result of a legal settlement.","questions":"Which organization compensated Steven Hatfill?","answer":"Government"}
{"text":["Then on top of that, last year, there was this thing called the beast from the east, which was a deep freeze coming across Italy and Greece, and that destroyed a lot of trees. Olive trees are very hardy, but they can't take extreme cold. If it's below 10 degrees Fahrenheit for just a matter of hours, it can kill the tree. So Italian farmers these days are thinking they can't catch a break. This is a confluence of factors, which has led to an overall production of around 185,000 tons this season, which is not very good.","Is it really possible that Italy could run out of olive oil next month?","Well, you know, Italy is not as big, for example, a producer as Spain, you know, and we see a lot of headlines right now that says Italy will be forced to be an olive oil importer. Well, Italy is the largest olive oil importer in the world and always has been, but it has just a limited amount of its own production to go around. So what - I think it's really more a matter of Italy running out of stock, running out of stocks of its own olive oil. And all of the bottling that goes on there and the exporting that goes on in Italy will be using oils from other origins.","We have to ask in this day and age, is climate change affecting the Italian olive oil production industry?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Climate change could be affecting Italian olive oil production.","questions":"Which industry could be affected by climate change according to PersonB's question?","answer":"Olive"}
{"text":["Let's stick with Germany for a moment and look at a disturbing trend in that country. The German government says anti-Semitic crimes were up 20% last year. Over the weekend, the country's top official in charge of fighting anti-Semitism was reported saying he does not recommend Jews wear a kippah, or skullcap, in all parts of the country. Deidre Berger directs the American Jewish Committee's Ramer Institute for German-Jewish relations in Berlin.","Welcome.","Hello.","How did people in Germany respond to these remarks from Felix Klein, who's the man responsible for Germany's efforts to combat anti-Semitism?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Anti-Semitic crimes have increased by 20% in Germany.","questions":"How much did anti-Semitic crimes increase in Germany?","answer":"20%"}
{"text":["The flu hits with the regularity of seasons. But it's hard to know when it will peak, and how it might spread. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention want to forecast yearly bouts of influenza the way that meteorologists predict storms. So they've set up a contest every two weeks through March, in which competing teams submit predictions for when the flu will peak and how intense it will be.","Mark Dredze is a professor of computer science at the Johns Hopkins University. He analyzes social media data, to try to learn about health trends. Professor Dredze, thanks so much for being with us.","I'm happy to be here.","So how do you use social media to make a prediction on a medical matter?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  implies a respectful and grateful invitation to Professor Dredge to join the show, while ","questions":"Which professor was invited to join the show?","answer":"Dredze"}
{"text":["It is in both tinfoil and wax paper.","Oh, that's a good technique. You know, in San Francisco, they're really into the tinfoil wrapped, but a lot of people don't like that because it keeps the moisture in. It can get a little bit gooey or moist in unpleasant ways. So some people use wax paper but then, you know, the opposite can happen - it can dry out if you'll used tinfoil.","OK, so I understand that you have a scoring system. So walk me through this burrito. Let's dissect this thing.","OK, so I rate it on five criteria. The first category is the tortilla."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B: \"OK, so I understand that you have a scoring system. So walk me through this burrito. Let's dissect this thing.\" - \"Walk me through\" and \"dissect\" are being used figuratively to mean that B wants A to explain the burrito in detail, rather than literally walking through or cutting open the burrito.","questions":"Which two words are used figuratively in turn 2?","answer":"Walk,Dissect"}
{"text":["We also heard singer-songwriter Ben Harper on that track. He wrote most of the songs on this album. He produced it. How did you two meet?Why do you think you clicked with him?","Well, Ben had written me a song for one of my other albums - \"Livin' On A High Note. \"And that song was \"Love And Trust\"","(Singing) Do what you can. Do what you must. Everybody's trying to find some love and trust. I walk the line. I walk it for us. See me out here trying to find some love and trust.","I fell so in love with that song. And every time we'd sing it, the audience - they would just roar, you know. It turned out so well. So I - we'd been singing it for a couple of years then. I ran into Ben on the road. That's where we would always meet up - somewhere on the road. And I told him. I said, Ben, that song - you have got to write me another song. He said, well, Mavis, why don't I write you 11 songs?I said, why don't you do that?He said, let's make an album. I said, sounds good to me. You know, I said, I don't know if I could handle 11 good songs from Ben Harper. He said, oh, yeah, you can handle it, Mavis."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The song 'Love and Trust' was written by Ben Harper for Mavis Staples","questions":"What was the title of the song written by Ben Harper for Mavis Staples?","answer":"LoveandTrust"}
{"text":["I think that teenagers - I mean, some were very passionately involved in this. And, you know, teachers do feel things very passionately. It's why they're such a great audience to write for. But others are getting a little bit fed up because these controversies within YA, especially, are dominated by adults, and they're led by adults. So the teens are starting to kind of push back a little bit and saying, you know, this community is supposed to be for us, and you guys are messing it up.","(Laughter) As adults often do mess up things, don't we?","It's true. We ruin everything.","Kat Rosenfield, her article \"The Toxic Drama On YA Twitter\" is on Vulture. com. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"It's true. We ruin everything.\" Here, the speaker uses sarcasm to convey a sentiment of self-deprecation. The actual meaning is that the speaker doesn't believe that adults ruin everything, but rather they are making a sarcastic remark to emphasize the point made by B in the previous turn. It's a humorous way of acknowledging the flaws and mistakes made by adults.","questions":"Which sentiment does the speaker convey through their use of sarcasm in turn 2?","answer":"Flaws"}
{"text":["How did it change me to lose a parent?","Yeah.","Do you have both your parents?","Nope."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Losing a parent can have a profound impact on someone's life.","questions":"What experience did PersonA have that made them ask about losing a parent?","answer":"Loss"}
{"text":[". . . Telling people to get the torches and the pitchforks. Look, I don't think that is going to happen. But this kind of precedent is dangerous. And it's really unnerving.","Who's alarmed by the - by Donald Trump's statement on this?Is it just - forgive me - the political chattering class, which, I guess - ostensibly of which we are both members. . .","(Laughter).",". . . And who he, Mr.  Trump, says are helping to rig the election with biased media coverage in any case?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: It is ironic that Donald Trump is accusing the political \"chattering class\" of rigging the election when both parties are part of the same class.","questions":"What is the class that Donald Trump accuses of rigging the election?","answer":"Chattering."}
{"text":["So right now, we're seeing a retrenching, although I do think that more advertisers should be spending more money online right now and unfortunately, maybe pulling from traditional media because you can track your online advertising much better than you can with your general traditional buckshot type of campaigns.","You talk a lot to us about the opportunities that are out there for entrepreneurs of color, and of course, Russell Simmons has been someone who's been able to do a little bit of everything. He started out in the music industry. He's done you know - he's got for-profit, non-profit, jewelry, you know, home, clothing. . .","Credit card.","Yeah. It's just pretty much everything."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : More advertisers should invest in online advertising rather than traditional media.","questions":"Which type of advertising should advertisers invest in more?","answer":"advertising"}
{"text":["That raises the point - did he wind up being useful to the Qatar regime?","Well, the lobbyists said that they didn't make any specific asks of the people who went to Doha. But they just hoped, and it turns out they were right about this, that these people would say nice things about Qatar and just sort of start to change the conversation that they thought the president might be picking up on through the media that he listens to, the social media that he uses and the people that he has in the White House.","Alan Dershowitz - as an example, he wrote a very glowing column about his visit in The Hill newspaper. And then, people like Governor Huckabee tweeted a couple of nice things about Doha and how lovely it was. The radio host who went over, John Batchelor, actually broadcast from Doha for a week and then spoke very glowingly afterwards in very positive terms, you know, really saying that the U. S.  ought to embrace this country more. And, indeed, when the emir visited the White House in April of this year, which, in and of itself, was a big move, the president seemed very friendly with him, very open to him and called him and his country a friend of the U. S.  And so to these lobbyists' minds, what they did worked.","What are the implications of this new approach in lobbying?I mean, I'm wondering - would Qatar or some other power start trying to get close to the people who are Mar-a-Lago members and might see Mr.  Trump over the relish tray?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The lobbyists were successful in changing the conversation about Qatar and influencing the President's opinion.","questions":"How were the lobbyists able to influence the President's opinion about Qatar?","answer":"Conversation"}
{"text":["It's just instinct.","It's just instinct.","I'm a photographer. I'm going to take a photograph.","Exactly. I'm thinking it's another person. Like, two people just passed me. I haven't identified him as a shooter until I looked through the lens. I didn't get scared - really scared until it was quiet, and I'm in the corner. And I'm assuming he's advancing at me and he's going to pass me. And I just kept saying to myself - I just kept praying just, please don't pass me; do not see me.","And it wasn't till I heard some voices saying, where did he go?Where did he go?And that's when a police officer across the street came into my field of view. And I could see him, and I was like, relieved, that if he's in the open, then the threat must be gone. So that's when I felt better about it.","You know, after police shot him, you were still working. You were still covering this. There are photos, I'm looking at online, where you are photographing the body on the ground. You were careful not to show his face. That's your training, too."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A describes his fear and relief during a shooting incident","questions":"Which feeling did PersonA experience when he heard voices saying \"where did he go?\"","answer":"scared"}
{"text":["Sure. I won't give you the whole poem. It's rather long. Oh, for a draft of vintage that have been culled a long age in the deep delved earth. Tasting of flora and the country green, dense and Provencal song and sun burnt mirth. Oh, for a beaker full of the warm south, full of the true, the blushful hippocream(ph), with beaded bubbles winking at the brim and purple stained mouth, that I might drink and leave this world unseen. And with thee fade away in the forest dim.","That's very nice indeed. I'm inclined to respond by saying, you know, she should have died hereafter. There would have been time for such a word. You know, tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow creeps at its petty pace from day to day to the last syllable of recorded time, and all our yesterdays have lighted fools, they waited dust to your death. Out, out brief candle - sorry.","That's pretty wonderful.","Jean Sprackland is one of the poets who've selected verses for schoolchildren in the United Kingdom to recite for a new contest called Poetry By Heart. Thanks very much, Ms.  Sprackland."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the speaker is thanking Ms. Sprackland for her participation in a poetry contest.","questions":"What is the name of the contest Ms. Sprackland participated in?","answer":"Poetry-By-Heart"}
{"text":["Well, Jackson had come into my E. R. because he had been shot, and an area surrounding the bullet wound - which was still lodged in his leg - appeared infected. And while I was examining him, a medical student handed me a piece of paper that revealed the results of a microbiological test which showed that Jackson had contracted a superbug.","And the terrifying part for him and for our team is that the infection was only treatable with one antibiotic called colistin. And that's a drug that fell out of favor years ago because it was so outrageously toxic. But here we were on the cusp of so much medical advancement, and we were reaching for outdated drugs to treat patients because the bacteria had evolved and mutated in ways that we only had incredibly limited treatment options.","From there, you take us back 100 years to a World War I battlefield in France, a field hospital actually. Tell us why you are connecting these two moments.","Well, I connect those moments because there was a similar situation of a young physician treating a bullet wound. And he was practicing medicine in the days before antibiotics. His name was Alexander Fleming. And he was only using antiseptic fluid and scalpels."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite medical advancement, limited treatment options force us to use outdated and toxic drugs.","questions":"How was the infection treatable?","answer":"One"}
{"text":["Immigration proponents hope that if we care as much about poor people outside the United States as we do about poor people inside the United States, we'll raise the level of care for both. We've seen, instead, as we have become more cosmopolitan in our sympathies, we've ended up caring as little for fellow Americans as for people everywhere.","It is precisely because we are not honoring our commitments and our promises and our obligations to our fellow Americans that I'm urging people to have a stronger sense of social solidarity. And the way you get that stronger sense of social solidarity is by making the meaning of Americanism stronger, and that means making it more of a national community. And communities have boundaries between themselves and the rest of the world.","You ground a lot of your argument, though, in white Americans' fears, really, about a country that's getting less white. So is limiting immigration the answer?I mean, doesn't that just play into those fears and then legitimize them?","I don't ground very much of my argument on that at all. What I ground my argument upon is a tendency of the human mind, perceived by psychologists in people of all backgrounds, to be stressed by rapid change."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : none","questions":"What is the reason behind PersonA's argument, according to turn 3?","answer":"Change"}
{"text":["I know I'm going to get emails, perhaps you too, from people who say, look, I am an agnostic or an atheist really specifically because I thought organized religion had a hand in racializing in our society and a history with slavery and has not had a good effect on U. S.  history.","Sure. I'm not in any way suggesting in this article that I'm telling people that they need to go to religious services. I do think we know that civic connection more broadly tends to help people weather difficulties in their lives. There are many other ways other than doing it through religious institutions.","It just happens that the church has been probably the most central form of civic engagement that Americans have had. And so when Americans disengage from church, for many of them that essentially becomes de facto disengaging from any civic institution. It's not like they're replacing church with some other form of civic institution that might fill some of that same function.","Peter Beinart of The Atlantic. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  the literal meaning is that the host is thanking the guest for being with them. However, the actual meaning is that the host is ending the interview and thanking the guest for participating.","questions":"Which turn is an example of implicature?","answer":"Implicature"}
{"text":["Yes.","I just wondered what that photograph brought up for you that made you want to have it as the cover of your album.","That photograph hit me like a ton of bricks. You know, I had - they had sent me about nine pictures, you know, trying to find something for the album. I didn't see the others. That was the only one I saw, and it grabbed me. You know, these little babies standing on the outside. They want to swing. They want to go on the slide.","And it kind of reminded me of my sisters and I. We had that problem when we were growing up. We couldn't go to the beach. We couldn't go to the park. We wanted some grass. Where we lived, we didn't really have any grass. You know, we'd have to play in a vacant lot with dirt and glass. So that photograph grabbed me in the heart and almost brought me to tears. I said, this is the one.","(Singing) Look at us now. Remember when. We've come a long, long way. We tell ourselves stories only we can believe. It's always hard, so hard to leave.","Does singing these songs give you courage?Do you hope it gives other people courage?What do you hope it gives them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The photograph reminded me of my childhood and almost made me cry.","questions":"How did the photograph make PersonA feel?","answer":"emotional"}
{"text":["There was a point at which radiation was all the rage for everything.","It was. And it wasn't that long ago. In the early 1900s, Marie Curie had discovered radium. Everybody thought it was the biggest and best thing. So they put it into water, so people would drink radioactive water. It was a treatment called Radithor that was sold all over the place. People could buy their own crocks that were impregnated with radioactive compounds so that when you put water in it, you could drink your own radioactive water at home.","What were they trying to cure?","They thought that it would make them young again and give them youthful vigor. People would take it for aching joints, restoring ill health. I mean, it was all these vague complaints and problems.","The cures didn't really take, right?","Well, no. It didn't help at all because you can't actually use radium to cure hypertension or diabetes or rheumatism. What happens is when you ingest radium like that, unfortunately, one of the places that the body likes to take up that element is in the bones. And so people would get bone cancers, and they would get anemias. And it was pretty deadly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People in the past used to consume radioactive water as a cure for various health problems, but it turned out to be fatal.","questions":"How was radium used as a treatment in the early 1900s?","answer":"Radithor"}
{"text":["Yes, I do. I think General Kelly is right. I think a lot of America is out of touch with those of us who have served and the sacrifices that we've made or seen our colleagues make. And that's a divide that we ought to bridge. But you don't do that by politicizing an incident like this. You do it by taking responsibility for your actions. If you're the president, you say I don't think I said that, if that's what he believes. But if I offended the widow in any way, then I apologize.","Congressman, I - a bit off the central topic we've been talking about - did you know U. S.  forces were operating in Niger?","As a member of the armed services committee, I am aware of it but only very peripherally. This is not something that we have talked about or has been briefed to us extensively at all.","So you think there's more to be known about this mission and about U. S.  operations in that area of the world?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"But you don't do that by politicizing an incident like this. You do it by taking responsibility for your actions.\" Implicated meaning: A person should take personal accountability for their actions instead of exploiting a situation for political gain.","questions":"What is the recommended way to handle a situation without politicizing it, according to the statement?","answer":"Responsibility"}
{"text":["Quite simply, did the White House ever interfere in your administration of your duties and your ability to properly forward this information, if you thought it appropriate, to the intelligence committees?","Bradley Moss is a lawyer specializing in issues of national security, including whistleblowers.","Thank you for taking the time to explain it to us.","Anytime."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Bradley Moss prevented the person being asked the question from carrying out their duties.","questions":"Which lawyer's name was mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Bradley"}
{"text":["My parents are actually still in Khartoum. We're lucky that they are among the few whose mobile phones still work. There's been a widespread outrage. It just sounds incredibly scary that the city is in a state of paralysis. Activist groups have called for a general strike, and people seem to be sticking to it. Roads are closed off.","And what makes this particularly terrifying is it's not even really the armed forces that people are clashing with. It's a specific paramilitary segment that was regularized as part of the armed forces but used to be an out-of-control militia in Darfur - the Janjaweed militias, the Rapid Support Forces. And that's what's scaring people is that this isn't even a regular force that's taken control of the town.","This means the military is fracturing?I mean, we should say all this happened after protesters demanded the ouster of President Omar al-Bashir. And military there is now in charge of Sudan, but what you are describing is that there is no cohesive military either. Right?","Absolutely. The military as a token is in charge. The head of the military council is a general. But the second in command is head of these forces, the Rapid Support Forces. And everyone I've spoken to on the ground says those are the people that are on the streets. All the videos that we've been sent by eyewitnesses, from the citizens show that it was Rapid Support Force guards that charged the sit-in. And it's incredibly chilling because this is a militia that was accused of war crimes in Darfur. And to have them control the ground in the capital of Sudan is very scary for people right now."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The paramilitary forces are in control and people are scared","questions":"What group is causing fear among the citizens in Sudan's capital?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["Well, what's your evidence that that can be done?I mean, what is your evidence that you can?","What's the evidence that I could beat Donald Trump?","Yeah.","(Laughter) Well, I think there's 37 people trying to figure out how they can do it right now."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that people are already curious to know how A intends to defeat Trump.","questions":"What are people trying to figure out?","answer":"how"}
{"text":["Today one major Palestinian businessman, Bashar Masri, wrote something really interesting on his Facebook page. He said he was invited to this U. S.  conference next month, but he said he's not going. He would not be willing to endorse something that's outside the Palestinian national consensus, he said.","It's pretty remarkable to hear that kind of criticism from him because he's a real estate developer. He's got a lot of press coverage in the U. S. He's kind of a celebrity. He's built a new Palestinian city with a fancy mall and condos. So he's been seen as admired by the Trump administration, and this is what he's saying.","In the meantime, have we heard from any other regional powers?","We have heard - interestingly, not heard from Israeli leaders yet. But the Trump administration said they've gotten a lot of very good feedback on their peace plan - on the economic side of the peace plan as they've discussed it with Middle East leaders in recent months."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Bashar Masri's criticism is significant due to his status and ties with Trump administration.","questions":"How is Bashar Masri's criticism perceived?","answer":"Significant"}
{"text":["Oh, there are lots of modern blunders but not all of them are brilliant.","To be brilliant, it has to be truly an epic blunder, is what you're saying.","Well, it has to be something that in one way or another leads to a real breakthrough. You know, this is how I define, you know, a brilliant blunder and not just something that is a big mistake. I mean there are lots of huge mistakes.","While I was writing this book, when people would ask me what is your book about, I said, you know, it's about brilliant blunders and it's not an autobiography."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A brilliant blunder is not just a big mistake, but something that leads to progress.","questions":"What does PersonA define as a brilliant blunder?","answer":"Progress"}
{"text":["That's right. They said they would, and they're going to do it. Universal background checks for gun buyers is one of the bills they're going to vote on. These are measures with broad public support, many having arisen since the most horrific mass shootings we have seen in recent months and years.","Senator Bernie Sanders entered the 2020 race for president this week - I think $6 million he raised within 48 hours or something. But he touched off a recurrent question about if he's really a Democrat in all ways, maybe. This week, he refused to call Nicolas Maduro a dictator.","You know, terminology and labels are not ultimately where people live, but they can have meaning and effect when it comes to campaigns. We certainly saw that in 2016. Sanders only calls himself a Democrat when he's seeking to be the party nominee for president. The rest of the time and in Congress, he calls himself an independent. And that may be more accurate.","The phrase democratic socialist that Sanders uses a lot - that has quite a few fans, especially among younger voters, who seem to take this word socialist in stride. Older voters still remember the years when to be a socialist was to be on the wrong side of the Cold War in many people's minds. And voters of all ages will be taking part in those primaries and caucuses starting in less than a year.","Thanks so much. Ron Elving, thanks for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Sanders only calls himself a Democrat when he's seeking to be the party nominee for president.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that Sanders identifies as a Democrat only when he is running for the party's presidential nomination. The actual meaning is that the speaker is implying that Sanders is not a true Democrat.","questions":"Which label does Sanders only use when seeking to be the party nominee for president?","answer":"Democrat"}
{"text":["Joined by David Albright, he's president of the Institute for Science and International Security, speaking with us from Germany. Mr.  Albright, thanks so much for being with us.","Glad to be here.","We're a weekly show, so let let's go back a few days. Before North Korea said it would fire test missiles near Guam, before President Trump said the U. S.  is locked and loaded or vowed fire and fury, there was the news that North Korean had figured out how to put a nuclear bomb on a missile. Now, that's despite talks under the Bush administration or the 1994 deal with the Clinton administration. What's to be done?","Well, I think one is that I think there's time. I mean, the goal, I think, of everybody is to get negotiations going that can lead to denuclearization. People don't want North Korea to have nuclear weapons. It's just too dangerous, and it could cause further proliferation in the region and just constantly create instability that could lead to the use of nuclear weapons. So I think the goal is clear. How to get there is very difficult. And the Washington Post story kind of created a shock that somehow we don't have the time, that we're already in the bull's-eye of North Korea's nuclear weapons. As we sit in Seattle or. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Before North Korea said it would fire test missiles near Guam, before President Trump said the U.S. is locked and loaded or vowed fire and fury, there was the news that North Korean had figured out how to put a nuclear bomb on a missile.\"  In this turn, the literal meaning is that North Korea made an announcement about firing test missiles near Guam and President Trump made statements about being prepared for conflict. However, the implicated meaning is that there were significant events and developments regarding North Korea's nuclear capabilities that preceded these recent announcements.","questions":"What was the news that preceded North Korea's announcement about firing test missiles near Guam?","answer":"Nuclear-bomb"}
{"text":["You know, it's quite clear that it is a cherry-picked narrative. But reading it makes you wonder if that's an insult to cherries.","(Laughter) Which, after all, have many valuable antioxidants. Before it was released, a lot of Democrats said the result of releasing the memo would be catastrophic. Last night and today, many Democrats seem to be saying, is that all you got?Are you kidding?","Well, for some, it's more a dud than a slam dunk. But at the same time, of course, the Democrats want to release their own memo - their critique memo - their response or rebuttal. And that's going to be the big focus when we get back here on Monday.","Rod Rosenstein - long for his position in the Justice Department?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"it's quite clear that it is a cherry-picked narrative.But reading it makes you wonder if that's an insult to cherries.\" Implicated meaning: The speaker thinks that the narrative is biased and selectively chosen. They express their criticism in a humorous way, by questioning if even cherries would be offended by being associated with the narrative.","questions":"What is the PersonA's humorous critique of the narrative?","answer":"Insult"}
{"text":["You got a sinus infection but you taking a yeast infection medicine figuring if you lay down, it'll work its way up.","Do you believe in Mars and Venus, the whole idea that men and women are totally different?","I really do. And if I can get women to understand that every man that sleeps with you is not going to love you, then half of us will be all right.","What about the other half?","I mean, the other half - they won't get it. They think that every man that sleeps with them is going to love them. And if I could get women to understand that just because a man sleeps with another woman it doesn't mean that he doesn't love you. If I can get them to understand that, then we'll be all right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : can refers and implies the cylindrical vessels and not to be able to do something","questions":"How does turn 4 refer to cylindrical vessels?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Well, I have. You know, I was born and raised here in San Diego, and we just love it. But yeah, if - regardless of where the location would be, I would be willing to go anywhere - anywhere in the world for that matter, Afghanistan, Pakistan, anywhere that somebody may be able to offer me a job.","I saw some photographs of you in your condo. You've been packing up there, and I noticed behind the moving boxes, hanging in the window were some Christmas lights and some red ribbons. Are you still going to find some ways to celebrate the holidays despite everything that's going on?","Oh, sure. You know, I mean, the last couple of Christmases haven't been all the greatest, you know, because of the situation as well. And so, we're almost kind of getting used to it, but this one just hurts especially bad. But my wife and I are members of the Salvation Army church in Alcahone. You know, so, you know, we haven't forgotten really what Christmas is all about.","It's not about us and each other and the gifts, and at least that's what we want to think right now. But we're really just remembering the birth of our savior."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Despite their tough situation, they are not forgetting the true meaning of Christmas.","questions":"Which religious organization does PersonA and his wife belong to in Alcahone?","answer":"Salvation."}
{"text":["Vladimir Putin says the U. S.  airstrikes on Syria were an act of aggression. And yet, despite defiant words and claims that U. S.  missiles were intercepted and did little damage, Russia has not retaliated. To help us understand why, we're joined by Angela Stent of Georgetown University. She's also a State Department veteran from the Clinton and Bush administrations. Good morning.","Good morning. Good to be here.","So can you remind us why Russia has interests in Syria at all?And briefly - I know it's a complicated story.","(Laughter) Well, the short version of this. So the Soviet Union and Syria were allies during the Cold War, at the end of the Cold War. So, you know, Russia lost many of its positions in the Middle East, but that relationship with Syria has always been important. Then Putin was horrified by what happened in the Arab Spring, particularly what happened in Libya, and he was determined to shore up, you know, his ally, his partner in Syria. And he went into Syria in September 2015 in a big way - bombing - really to show the United States and the rest of the world that we were trying to isolate Russia after what happened in Ukraine, but Russia was definitely back. Russia also has its own - only warm-water port in Syria and a significant airbase. And it's really used this intervention now in Syria to increase its influence in the Middle East as the U. S.  has withdrawn."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : well refers to good and not a hole dug in the ground ","questions":"What does \"well\" in turn 2 refer to?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["Yes, we're all OK.  We're all safe. We're at his house in James City, thank goodness.","Yeah. I'm told you left after the evacuation order. May I ask why?","We made the decision to stay based on the fact that all of the ATMs were out of cash, there was a gas shortage, monetary reasons and concerns of not being able to get back in. I have my father, who is in a nursing facility fighting Stage 4 Hodgkin's lymphoma, and I was really concerned about what would happen with him.","How is your father?How is your father, may I ask?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker decided to stay because of the lack of resources and concerns about the safety of their father who is fighting Stage 4 Hodgkin's lymphoma","questions":"How did the speaker justify their decision to stay?","answer":"Resources"}
{"text":["Do these reports of surveillance irritate some special sensitivities in someone like Chancellor Merkel, who - after all - grew up in the East German police state?","Oh, definitely. I mean, this is a very serious situation in the trans-Atlantic relationship. I mean, these reports have started to come out in the summer, but it has been taken to a new level now because I think what Americans underestimate is A, how sensitive not just Chancellor Merkel but Germans in general - and Europeans, actually, in general - feel about privacy violations, particularly as they're handed out in Germany, where some people actually lived through two dictatorships in a row and are very concerned about government surveillance and snooping.","But you've reported in Der Spiegel, though, that Germany does its own surveillance, doesn't it?","Oh, that is true. And I don't think anyone in Germany, or even in Europe, would deny the idea that each and every country has its own intelligence apparatus. And there are some countries in Europe - like the United Kingdom, for example - that is even accused of spying on other Euro member-states. However, I think there are stricter standards among allies. I have spoken to many people that are very familiar with intelligence issues; and they all agree that there is, to the best of their knowledge, spying on American leaders, and spying on members of Congress, and spying on trade delegations. So just to say, well, everybody does it, I don't think that really does justice to these new revelations."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4), the speaker acknowledges that each country has its own intelligence apparatus and that some countries, like the United Kingdom, are accused of spying on other Euro member-states. However, the speaker goes on to argue that there are stricter standards among allies, and that there is a difference between spying on American leaders and members of Congress versus spying on trade delegations. The implied meaning is that spying on American leaders and members of Congress is not acceptable and violates the standards among allies. This is different from the literal meaning, which is that there are stricter standards among allies.","questions":"What violates the standards among allies?","answer":"Standards"}
{"text":["In real terms, it could be all of them. When this rolls out, we have to roll it out very carefully. Anything that is attached to the artwork must do no damage. So it's easy or relatively easy to tag - put the tag on the back of a painting. It's not going to be visible from the front and it's a relatively straightforward process. And I say relatively because the adhesion processes have to be very carefully analyzed. The second stage of this is actually getting into artwork with, for example, contemporary art that is in the form of sculptures. And we have to develop a methodology to apply these tags to non-flat surfaces.","And how expensive is a DNA embed, Mr.  Tenniswood?","So basic costs of the tag will probably be about $150 per piece of art.","Well, big museums can afford that, although some of the large collections that's - that'll be quite a lot of money, won't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the literal meaning is a straightforward question about the cost of DNA embedding. However, the implied meaning is that the cost of DNA embedding may be high or prohibitive, and the question is intended to confirm this suspicion.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of turn 2 in the dialogue?","answer":"cost"}
{"text":["It sounds good. But obviously, I just think it's important to point out, like, do not put your raw stuff. . .","Definitely.",". . . In the same container, if I could say that, like, super-loud.","When you marinate after grilling, you actually make a marinade that doesn't touch any of the raw fish or meat.","Got it. OK.  What about people who don't eat meat?There are a lot of people who really are trying to move more toward a plant-based diet. How do you manage that on the grill if you have limited grill space?Because, I mean, it depends on why you're not eating meat. I mean, if you're not eating meat because you have strong ideological reasons, you don't necessarily want that touching. How could you manage that?And what are some things that you should consider for the non-meat eaters?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's important to emphasize not to put raw food in the same container","questions":"What is the specific caution that PersonB emphasizes regarding raw food in the dialogue?","answer":"Container"}
{"text":["So there's always been this open question about why Deutsche Bank lent to Trump when other banks wouldn't. And for investigators, the question is, you know, all the more pressing because Deutsche Bank has really a record of malfeasance and irregularities.","Tell us more about that history, some of the allegations. We mentioned money laundering earlier.","Right. Well, yeah, money laundering - the bank paid fines totaling $630 million in 2017. Regulators said some of its clients moved a huge amount of money, like $10 billion, out of Russia into offshore accounts illegally. And Deutsche Bank basically allowed it to happen. The - and the allegations about money laundering continue. Just recently, in November, the bank's headquarters in Frankfurt were raided by investigators. They were looking at how Deutsche Bank helped set up illegal accounts as part of this big, money laundering - global money laundering scheme.","So add to that Deutsche Bank paid $7. 2 billion for helping set up toxic mortgages before the financial crisis. It paid a big fine for violating U. S.  sanctions against Iran and Syria. So really, the bank has a long record of scandal, to say the least."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : allowed it to happen\" and \"set up illegal accounts\" - These phrases suggest that Deutsche Bank was complicit in facilitating illegal activity.","questions":"How does the dialogue suggest Deutsche Bank's involvement in illegal activity?","answer":"complicit"}
{"text":["Yes, absolutely. And to all of who are - and even though I don't do it anymore, I mean, it's like really once a clown always a clown. Once you've been a real performing clown you realize you've tapped into something big and universal and eternal. It's a frustration to us because clown, which was a word that used to be associated with joy and laughter and happiness, now has a lot of negative connotations to it. You know, you got characters like Crusty the Clown on \"The Simpsons\" and there are members of Congress.","By the way, isn't it amazing this year I think there's a record number of members of Congress who are retiring at the same time there's a shortage of clowns?What doesn't work here?","I'm reacting almost reflexively with regret and woe over a clown shortage. But I'm wondering, I mean, you know, there are not as many shepherds as there used to be. Is this just - to my knowledge - is this just something we have to. . .","They certainly are in my living room."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In (3), the speaker is questioning the importance of the clown shortage compared to other shortages, such as the shortage of shepherds. The actual meaning is not that the speaker is truly concerned about the relative shortage of clowns and shepherds.","questions":"Which shortage is the speaker comparing the clown shortage to?","answer":"Shepherds"}
{"text":["In the U. S. , the Federal Reserve decided on Wednesday to wind down its quantitative easing, and keep short-term interest rates near zero. If that last sentence made your head spin, don't worry - there's a computer game for that. Actually, a whole slew of them.","They're games created by central banks, from the ECB in Frankfurt to the Cleveland Federal Reserve. And, as you might tell from that theme music, they are not quite \"Grand Theft Auto. \"Jason Karaian reviewed a few of these games for the online business news outlet Quartz. He joins us from the BBC in London. Mr.  Karaian, thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me.","We heard the theme music to a game I believe is called \"Economia. \""],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"If that last sentence made your head spin, don't worry - there's a computer game for that.\" The literal meaning suggests that if the previous sentence caused confusion or disorientation, there is a computer game specifically designed to address that. The implied meaning is that there are computer games available to help people understand complex financial concepts or economic terms in a more engaging and accessible way.","questions":"What game is mentioned in the dialogue with theme music?","answer":"Economia"}
{"text":["I do not believe in curses, but I do believe jerks can earn comeuppance. That night, Cubs fans behaved shamefully and cursed at the club they love into a panic and out of the World Series. Over the years, Steven Bartman has declined comment and turned down all offers to cash in on his notoriety with commercials, books, interviews or appearances. The Chicago Cubs finally won the World Series last year for the first time in 108 years. This week, the club gave Steven Baartman a World Series ring, just like the one they gave their players, with 108 diamonds. A ring like that is not just some public radio tote bag.","Although I do not consider myself worthy of such an honor, Steve Bartman said in a statement, I am deeply moved and sincerely grateful. I humbly receive the ring not only as a symbol of one of the most historic achievements in sports, but as an important reminder for how we should treat each other in today's society. This week, a once-luckless club and a once-defamed fan gave us as much as great athletes do - glimpses of grace.","(Singing) And I run for home. And we win the game. And it's what you'd call a dream. And the sun shines like diamonds.","Brett Rigby. And you're listening to NPR News."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"This week, a once-luckless club and a once-defamed fan gave us as much as great athletes do - glimpses of grace.\"","questions":"Which club?","answer":"once-luckless"}
{"text":["Well, I think the water infrastructure we have in this country is seriously neglected. I mean, all infrastructure acts as a foundation for economic prosperity, but water is especially important. It does live in this different world where it's so intrinsic and folks expect that we're going to have clean, fresh water any time you turn on the tap. But given the fact that it's buried, it's literally underground, it's easy to ignore. And while we have large infrastructure problems in this country, the water infrastructure problems loom particularly large.","So we don't see them, perhaps even can't taste them. It's not until they - well, that just makes it easier for problems to hide in a sense.","Exactly. And some of these systems are, you know, were built 100 years ago. Some of the pipes are made out of wood. Some of them were built in the time when metropolitan areas were expanding and decentralizing. And just - we just need to reinvest in these existing systems. But because we don't do a good job in this country investing in the infrastructure that's already built - we do a good job building new stuff - we don't do a good job taking care of what's on the ground. Things like water infrastructure are seriously neglected.","I don't think any city likes to hear - but you have to spend more money."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Investing in neglected water infrastructure requires a willingness to allocate resources and prioritize maintenance over building new infrastructure, which may be unpopular among some stakeholders.","questions":"What requires a willingness to prioritize maintenance over building new infrastructure?","answer":"Maintenance"}
{"text":["It is. There is an auction being held out of Boston that is auctioning off the first Hasselblad camera to fly in space. This was the first professional quality camera that astronauts used to photograph the Earth.","Now, since it went to space and since it was the first thing of its kind to go to space, what sort of price is that going to bring?","It's really hard to tell. This is a fascinating piece of history and just to put this into some perspective, another Hasselblad camera that's sort of the direct lineage of this camera - that was said to have flown to the moon - sold earlier this year for nearly a million dollars. And that camera had a lot of questions about its history. This one has a really solid history in terms of - we know what astronauts used it, we know how it was obtained. So there's a lot of excitement about the possibility of this camera setting a new record, maybe breaking the seven figure amount.","Robert Pearlman is the editor of an online magazine called collectSPACE. Mr.  Pearlman, thank you for talking to us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"This is a fascinating piece of history and just to put this into some perspective, another Hasselblad camera that's sort of the direct lineage of this camera - that was said to have flown to the moon - sold earlier this year for nearly a million dollars.\" - Actual meaning","questions":"What was the selling price of the Hasselblad camera that was said to have flown to the moon?","answer":"Flown"}
{"text":["And so, finally, what would affect this backlog?What would be the most - in your view, based on your experience - the most effective way to address this backlog - this enormous backlog of cases?","I think, to begin with, any high-volume court system - criminal courts, you know, outside of the immigration system - can only survive when you have - the two parties are able to conference cases, are able to reach pre-case settlements, are able to reach agreements on things. If you could imagine in the criminal court system, if every jaywalking case had to go through a - you know, a full jury trial and then, you know, get appealed all the way up as high as it could go, that system would be in danger of collapse as well. So I think you have to return to a system where you allow the two sides to negotiate things.","And you also have to give the judges - let them be judges. Give them the tools they need to be judges and the independence they need to be judges. And lastly, you have to prioritize the cases.","Before we let you go, I assume that there were different political perspectives at this conference, given that people come from all different sectors of that - of the bar. And I just wondered - and I assume that there are some there who favor more restrictionist methods and some who don't. I was wondering, overall, was there a mood at this conference?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : cases implies situations, issues or conditions and not suitcases or packs","questions":"Which term is implied by \"cases\" in turn 1?","answer":"Situations"}
{"text":["He says he's thrilled, but he doesn't want to celebrate too much because he worries about other academics who are having a tough time.","Mark Shaleki(ph) used to work in a recording studio owned by Capitol Records.","But as we all know, the music business was in a tailspin even before the recession hit.","So Mark opened his own studio. He charges his clients less, but he says he's making more money than he did working for the man.","Theresa Tomas was laid off at a bank. She was working for the man. She had been there for five years, and then she contacted a company that she had worked for back when she was in college."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The music business was losing a great deal of money with end in sight.","questions":"Which business was in a tailspin even before the recession hit?","answer":"music"}
{"text":["There are some good ones. And they seem - there are many videos of crazy ants invading electrical boxes almost to the point where it seems like there's some attraction. What is going on here?","Well, it's definitely a point where people come into contact with them a lot because when your power goes out and you want to know why, you find a bunch of ants, that's a good reason to get your video camera.","Their boxes - power boxes are basically really good cavities. So these ants nest in pre-existing cavities. They don't - they do a small amount of digging but they exploit whatever cavities they can find. So that's a reason that they move into electrical boxes and pump switch - switches.","But once they get electrocuted, if you - when I've been collecting these ants in the past, you'll collect them into a vial, and they're all very agitated inside the vial. And they're - when they're agitated, they release something called an alarm pheromone, which is a signal that they used - chemical that they use to communicate with other ants if there's a threat."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There are videos of ants moving about rapidly and randomly.","questions":"Which insects are invading electrical boxes almost to the point where there seems to be some attraction?","answer":"ants"}
{"text":["Absolutely. Marine Le Pen did very well. That was expected. It wasn't a huge shock. She got about 24% of the vote. Macron avoided disaster. He personally invested in the campaign. He got about 22%, so came in, you know, second. But it was clearly a rebuke - a rebuke to him. And the - you know, the top person in Marine Le Pen's party lists said, the president - he turned this vote into a plebiscite, and he got his answer. The people are against him and his policies.","That is NPR's Eleanor Beardsley in Paris.","Eleanor, thanks so much.","Michel, good to be with you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Macron did not do well in the election.","questions":"Which candidate came in second?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["But in addition to that, that same instrument can actually also just suck in Mars atmosphere and can look for methane. And methane is definitely something that we think is primarily associated with biological sources, obviously here on the Earth.","There are some ways in which methane can be created without, you know, living organisms, and so we need to be able to differentiate between the two. But yeah, Mars, there have been investigations done from here on the Earth where we're looking through telescopes at Mars, and we see indications of methane.","And I think hopefully, like I said in the first, next few days, we'll begin to at least see whether or not we can detect similar things.","You know, when you touched down, there were people who were talking about gee, this looks just like the Southwest, down in the desert there. Can you smell it, as if it might be the Southwest?Is there any way to say gee, it smells like the Southwest?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Can you smell\" implies that there is no similarity between gee and southwest.","questions":"How does turn 3 imply the similarity between gee and southwest?","answer":"Implies"}
{"text":["The attorney general says they're all murderers who preyed on children and the elderly. The first is named Daniel Lewis Lee. He's a member of a white supremacist group who killed a family of three people. The next is another inmate. He stabbed a grandmother, then drove with her granddaughter for 30 miles before killing the granddaughter very brutally too. The Justice Department says all five of these men have exhausted their appeals, so it says there are few, if any, legal hurdles to executing them later this year and early next year.","I'm thinking most violent crimes are - tend to be prosecuted by the state - right?- not the federal government. How do you even land on federal death row?","There has to be some kind of federal connection in the case. There are about 60 people on federal death row right now. Many of them killed somebody on federal land or inside a federal prison. For others, there were murders as part of a drug crime or a broader federal conspiracy.","Now, the last person executed in the federal system in 2003 killed an Army private. Before that, the most prominent was probably Timothy McVeigh, who was put to death in 2001 for his role in the Oklahoma City federal building bombing. Now, some other well-known people on death row right now in the federal system include Dylann Roof, who shot nine people at the AME Church in Charleston, S. C. , and Jahar Tsarnaev, who was convicted of crimes related to the Boston Marathon bombing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : prey in this context means to physically hurt or emotionally hurt","questions":"What is the name of the inmate who stabbed a grandmother and her granddaughter in the dialogue?","answer":"Granddaughter"}
{"text":["Mountain guerilla killings in Central Africa have reached an all-time high.","Current fighting among the Congolese military and rebels has caused park rangers and other locals to flee the area, ultimately leaving one of the world's most endangered animals seemingly unprotected. These killings reached deep into the economy, the local community and the environment.","For more, we are joined now by Craig Sholley. He is a senior director at the African Wildlife Foundation and former director of Rwanda's Mountain Gorilla Project. Craig, nice to have you on the show.","Very nice to be here, Tony. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"Craig, nice to have you on the show.\" The implied meaning is a standard polite greeting used when welcoming a guest onto a show.","questions":"What is the job title of Craig Sholley?","answer":"Senior"}
{"text":["So I think - I think we're - we have to understand the complexity of it. I think we have to understand that the president has put together a good team on this. And now we're really looking at the next step. But I do think it's important to underscore that in this kind of negotiation, especially at this high level, you get to walk away from the table once. You don't get to walk away from the table twice.","Right. I mean, you used a phrase there, pick up the pieces. It's not just President Trump and North Korea. It's the president's son-in-law trying to almost single handedly bring Middle East peace after the United States took a move like moving the embassy to Jerusalem. You know, some would say that the Trump administration gives away the carrots, like moving the embassy to Jerusalem, without getting concessions and only selectively applies the sticks, like curtailing Palestinian aid. Doesn't that make it harder to negotiate?","Sometimes it can. Sometimes, however, that - what you want to do is try to rearrange the pieces on the table and do so in ways that are surprising or unexpected and can open space for - for talks and negotiations.","Do you think Jared Kushner is the man to do that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is not a table but people get to leave the negotiation.","questions":"Which negotiation requires walking away from the table once?","answer":"This"}
{"text":["Hello!And that's when my cousin goes. She goes, why did you keep having that head rag on. 'I was like because my hair was sweated and it was either a head rag or Afro. . .","With a head rag. I've already cried on television with no eyebrows. What more can - what more - what could I do now to embarrass myself?Nothing.","All right, last thing. When you reach the age of many of your neighbors. . .","Mm-hm."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A head rag is a practical solution to messy hair, but her cousin sees it as a source of embarrassment.","questions":"Which item did PersonA use to cover her hair?","answer":"Headrag"}
{"text":["My God, the gratitude will be endless.","Now it's interesting what you're saying because, you know, your writing is so rooted in the Dominican community of New Jersey, specifically New Jersey is a very, you know, specific group of people. And, you know, the character, Yunior, who you have written about in your books, he's a smart, nerdy, bookish kid who I always think is maybe a little bit like yourself.","And I wonder what it's like to grow up in that community as a bookish kid, as I imagine you were, and then suddenly get an award like this, suddenly be declared a genius, suddenly have the freedom to, as they say, explore whatever you want to explore. Tell me about that journey for you, that personal journey.","Well, I mean, it bears repeating. I'm an immigrant. My father was an undocumented immigrant. I come from a community, a Dominican community that's part of a larger Latino community. And listen, you don't have to be a particularly awake person to know that for the last couple years, immigrants, Latinos and folks who have anything to do with undocumented immigration, have been just demonized by our politicians."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is very grateful and thankful, but the gratitude is not actually endless","questions":"What is PersonA's feeling towards the gratitude expressed?","answer":"Thankful"}
{"text":["EDWARD O.  WILSON: Always a pleasure to be with you, Ira.","Thank you very, very much. This is almost like advice to the lovelorn sort of book, it's advice to would-be scientists. Why did you write this?","Well, 42 years of teaching at Harvard qualified me, and I had learned lot about what brings students into science, whether as professionals or as part of their general education program, and what drives them away. And I saw a lot of the brightest young people, the most qualified, potentially, to be in science and technology turned away because at an early stage in their career at Harvard they were just afraid of mathematics, and they were afraid of the kind of rigors that one experiences in the usual portrayal of scientists as white coat people standing at the blackboard explaining complex equations and other ideas to rapt audiences.","Because you talk about your career and about your work with such passion in your book that I few people would know that a scientist could be as passionate and as successful about their work. And it seems like it's a necessary - or it's something like, almost like continuing to have a childlike curiosity about the world for your whole life."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It seems like a book that gives advice that helps people get with the one they love, in this case, what they love.","questions":"What kind of book is the one mentioned in turn 1?","answer":"scientific"}
{"text":["I want to say the same thing that Al Pacino says in \"Godfather\" - that every time he wants to quit the mafia business, they pull me in. And every time I want to retire, some customer comes and tells me how much he enjoyed the food. And there I am, back to the drawing board, trying to think of something new to make and put on the menu. I'm working on a few more things, whereby I could have a Himalaya goes West kind of restaurant. Yes, it's contradictory to what I said - that I want to retire. And then I want to. . .","I was about to say.",". . . A part of me wants to open a second place where everything is Indian and Pakistani-style hamburgers, Indian and Pakistani-style fried chicken, Indian and Pakistani-style pizza. I've already done some tacos, some tamales with the Indian spices. So sky's the limit. As long as there are other ethnic foods to draw from, I'll be busy.","That's chef Kaiser Lashkari, speaking at his Houston restaurant, Himalaya."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A has a new vision for a type of restaurant he would open.","questions":"Which Houston restaurant did Chef Kaiser Lashkari speak at?","answer":"Himalaya"}
{"text":["What is at the top of your to-do list right now today?","Right now, we continue to monitor Dorian. As you well know, you know, we continue to go up our East Coast. We're positioned to support all four states. Florida is looking fairly good right now, however, they still have some impacts.","But we really don't want our citizens to, you know, fall asleep on this storm. Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, they're going to feel the blunt of Hurricane Dorian - a lot of rain, a lot of surge and a lot of wind primarily down on the coast. But, you know, these things can that create weather hazards well inland, so - and they're doing a great job of being prepared for that. So we're focused on supporting our states, supporting our locals.","Four states is a long stretch of coastline. This storm is so big. How does that affect your preparations?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Monitoring Hurricane Dorian is our top priority today.","questions":"Which storm is the top priority today?","answer":"Dorian"}
{"text":["That's it. It's a very interesting technology. It shoots this - 125,000 laser pulses a second down at the rainforest canopy. Now - and then it measures the reflections. Now, 99 percent of what's reflected comes off leaves. But here and there, there are tiny gaps in the canopy where a laser beam can reach the ground, bounce off and go back up to the plane. And then with massive software processing, they're able to remove all the reflections from leaves, leaving only the ground.","And it's just incredible to see these scientists at work. I mean, you see this impenetrable rainforest canopy. And then with a press of a button, it disappears and you see everything on the ground. It's absolutely amazing.","Well, it's a little more complicated than that. They have to then process the signals that they receive back from the ground. As you say, most of them come back from leaves. And I think, what, they handed you the disc and you flew it out and gave it to the computer guy.","Well, that's right. And in fact, it is very complicated. The LIDAR machine has inside it a highly classified thing called an IMU, an Inertial Measurement Unit that was developed for the military for use in guided missiles. And in order to get an export permit for the plane, the State Department required that the plane be guarded by armed soldiers at all times when it was on the ground because this is a very highly classified piece of equipment. Because it's important to locate the plane in the air in three dimensions as it's flying to within an accuracy of about a centimeter. I mean, that's incredible."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The accuracy required to locate the plane is impressive.","questions":"Which piece of equipment required the plane to be guarded by armed soldiers at all times?","answer":"IMU"}
{"text":["Did you say oversized slingshots?","Yes, that's right. It's one of the more unusual things I've seen in the conflict. They are literally just giant slingshots that are being used to throw these pipe bombs further than they would be able to reach normally.","On the government side, I gather you've seen an escalation in the air war on that side too.","That's correct. Really when we first saw helicopters being used in April, they were being used very rarely. And later on in June, they started using large high-explosive fragmentation bombs that were being dropped quiet frequently. Moving into August, jets started appearing in the skies with larger quantities of bombs. Following that in mid-October is when we started seeing the cluster bombs being used to cross Syria."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker is describing the use of oversized slingshots in a conflict to throw pipe bombs farther than they would normally be able to reach. The literal meaning is a description of the physical objects and their use, but the implied meaning is the unusual and desperate measures taken in a violent conflict.","questions":"Which physical objects were used to throw pipe bombs farther in the conflict mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Slingshots"}
{"text":["Hey, Lulu.","So, Gene, let's start by looking at the money involved in big-time college sports. You looked specifically at the Power Five.","Yup, the Power Five conferences - the SEC, the Big Ten, the Big 12, the Pac-12, and the ACC. They win all the trophies, and they make all the money. According to ESPN, in 2015, they made $6 billion.","Six billion?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B wants to discuss the financial aspect of big-time college sports.","questions":"How much money did the Power Five conferences make in 2015?","answer":"$6-billion"}
{"text":["Andrew Biewener said this as we were walking through the lab. It's where they first jump kangaroos and. . .","Of course.","Kangaroos on a treadmill.","To figure out how the tendons work. I mean, it really is neat stuff that I don't think \u2013 I don't think this - a lab like this exists maybe anywhere else."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In this context, the implied meaning of \"Of course\" is that Andrew Biewener's statement was not surprising or unexpected; instead, it was a natural conclusion from the context.","questions":"Which word suggests that Andrew Biewener's statement was a natural conclusion from the context?","answer":"natural"}
{"text":["The president of the United States, the leader of the free world, who's the person who is in a best position of any human being on the planet to help Baltimoreans who need help, instead of doing so is using his office to beat down an American city.","NPR White House correspondent Franco Ordo\u00f1ez is following the story. He's in our studios. Good morning.","FRANCO ORDO\u00d1EZ, BYLINE: Good morning.","So the president grabs attention. Everybody takes the bait. But why does he do it now?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : take the bait means someone was tricked into something","questions":"Which word in the dialogue suggests that someone was lured into doing something?","answer":"Bait"}
{"text":["I'm going to have to go to Food Lion, which is 15 miles away, or the Piggly Wiggly.","Which is how far away?","Fifteen miles, and there's also a Wal-Mart, a big Wal-Mart, but I'm not going to that.","Yeah, on principal, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Yeah, on principle, right?  The literal meaning of this statement is that B is confirming that A is not going to Wal-Mart based on a principle. However, the implied meaning here is that B is suggesting that A has a personal objection or strong dislike towards Wal-Mart, possibly due to ethical or moral reasons. The phrase \"on principle\" implies that A's decision is driven by their values or beliefs rather than a mere practical consideration.","questions":"What is the reason behind PersonA's decision to not go to Wal-Mart?","answer":"Ethical"}
{"text":["They do but it's almost imperceptible. They're - they have pretty soft body for ants and unless they get you in a very sensitive part, you can't even feel it. But in fire ants - fire ants have a stinger so they sting. So that's what the painful part of a fire ant sting is.","What's the future of these guys?Do you think that they're going to populate the whole South?I mean is there any limit to their migration?","Well, there are several limits, and we don't know what a lot of them are yet. One very important limit in the short term is that they do - they don't have winged dispersal. So they don't send out ants - winged ants to form new colonies, which means their spread is quite slow over land, about 200 meters a year radially.","So the only way that they can colonize distant places is when people pick them up and move them, which unfortunately people do a lot. And they do it because these ants like to live in these pre-existing cavities, like flower pots or plywoods you left on the ground too long or old boxes. So that's one limitation to their spread. Others are that - are abiotic(ph) limitations like freeze tolerance and drought tolerance. And we don't know yet what those are for this species."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Fire ants are not ants of fire but they have a sting that feels like fire on the person.","questions":"How do fire ant stings feel?","answer":"Fire"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me.","How long have you been throwing the javelin?","I started throwing when I was 13 years old.","When you were 13 years old. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"When you were 13 years old...\" - This turn is not a question about the person's age when they started throwing the javelin, but rather a way for the speaker to express surprise or disbelief about the fact that the person started throwing at such a young age. The literal meaning of the turn is a simple question about the person's age, but the intended meaning is different, as it conveys a sense of amazement or disbelief.","questions":"How did the speaker react to the fact that the person started throwing the javelin at a young age?","answer":"Surprise"}
{"text":["The writer Robert Strauss suggests that any new president would have to sink pretty low to meet the level set by the man the title of his book calls \"Worst. President. Ever: James Buchanan, The POTUS Rating Game, And The Legacy Of The Least Of The Lesser Presidents. \"Robert Strauss joins us now from member station WHYY in Philadelphia. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you very much, Scott.","Fill in some biographical blanks for us. James Buchanan was a Pennsylvanian, a bachelor and a Democrat.","That's all true. He had the greatest resume - at least, the greatest governmental resume - of anybody who's ever run for president. He was a state representative. He was a U. S.  congressman of both houses. He was the ambassador to Great Britain, ambassador to Russia and secretary of state."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : James Buchanan had an impressive career in politics and government.","questions":"Which position did James Buchanan hold as an ambassador?","answer":"Russia"}
{"text":["The show was political. I mean, it didn't shy away from really difficult issues, took sharp aim at President Trump on several occasions. Did that play into Netflix's decision to cancel it, do we have any idea?","I don't get any sense that Netflix canceled it over the political content. If anything, the political content is one of the reasons why they treated this cancellation a bit differently and a bit more gently than they ordinarily do - because there were not a lot of shows out there about a Latin American family with a predominantly Latinx cast dealing with these issues about immigration, LGBTQ issues. You know, every episode has some kind of hot-button subject. You know, one of the characters is a recovering alcoholic. Another has PTSD from serving in the military. So it touched on a lot of things.","And that was one of the things the audience loved about it. I don't think, based on a lot of the other content Netflix has, that that would have been a reason to get rid of it. I think it was purely a financial decision or, you know, whatever the finances actually were.","And the show can't just get plucked up by someone else."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implicated meaning: The political content of the show is one of the reasons why Netflix treated the cancellation differently and more gently than they typically do. The show dealt with many sensitive and relevant topics, making it unique and important for representation.","questions":"What made the cancellation of the show unique?","answer":"Uniqueness"}
{"text":["Well, the Princess Infanta Cristina is King Juan Carlos' youngest daughter. She's 48. She and her husband had sort of a fairytale love story. They used to be popular in the glossy magazines here. Her husband is the Duke Inaki Urdangarin. He started a nonprofit foundation organizing sports conventions and it's through that foundation that he and a colleague are accused of embezzling $8 million.","Prosecutors believe they did so by creating shell companies. Now, where the princess comes in is that for at least one of those shell companies she was a co-signer and co-owner. So any fraud committed by that company, she would be 50 percent responsible. Now, that's the money laundering charge. The tax fraud involves the couple's personal expenses, everything from renovations on their $8 million mansion in Barcelona, vacations, down to small things like Harry Potter books for their kids, which were allegedly paid for through these shell companies and on which they allegedly did not pay tax.","This hearing today is similar to what, in the U. S. , we would call a Grand Jury proceeding. So the judges are trying to determine whether to formally charge the princess. And if they do so, she'll then go on trial. The process is underway as well for her husband, the Duke, and both face up to six years in prison if charged and convicted.","Lauren, can you help us appreciate the reaction of the Spanish public at this point?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"Now, where the princess comes in is that for at least one of those shell companies she was a co-signer and co-owner. So any fraud committed by that company, she would be 50 percent responsible.\"  The literal meaning of this sentence is that the princess was involved in the ownership and operation of a shell company that was used for fraudulent purposes. However, the implied meaning is that the princess was possibly complicit in the fraud, knowingly or unknowingly, and that her involvement is a significant part of the investigation.","questions":"Which charge could the princess be 50 percent responsible for?","answer":"Money"}
{"text":["And the story is conveyed through the eyes of this young woman, this farmer's wife, who discovers it, actually, in a - she's kind of in an awkward situation. She's going somewhere where she's not supposed to be, and she sees it and she's not allowed to tell anyone. But she feels it's her personal burning bush. She takes it as a warning to go back.","I wanted to write it initially through her eyes so that you, too, would not know what you are seeing. But later. . .","If SCIENCE FRIDAY didn't spoil it.","Well, yeah. But you see what I mean?Because it is about perception and how we need to be - to understand what we're seeing before we can really see it, that's really key to understanding this whole issue of climate change and why we see or don't see what's right in front of us."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Writing through the woman's perspective is done to create mystery.","questions":"Which perspective does the author use to convey the story?","answer":"woman's"}
{"text":["So as these bills sort of started to, once again, be introduced in state legislatures this year, the first thing on my agenda was to speak to Janet Porter and basically talk to her about why she felt this bill was important and why she was advocating for it.","And what did she say?","She said that she felt the bill was important because, as its intended effect, it would outlaw the vast majority of abortions. And more importantly, it would give the U. S.  Supreme Court an opportunity to reinterpret Roe v.  Wade.","I think many people are familiar with Roe v.  Wade, but just in the event that they are not, Roe v.  Wade provides women with the constitutional right to an abortion up to the point of what's called viability. And that's when a fetus can survive outside the womb. It's generally understood to be about 24 weeks. A full-term pregnancy is 40 weeks.","So these bills and the ability to get an abortion at about six weeks. That's before most women know they're pregnant. And the strategy from Porter is to get it before the Supreme Court, and give the Supreme Court an opportunity to reinterpret the standard by which Roe v.  Wade was decided.","So can you just tell me a little bit more about her?Like, what motivates her?Where do her ideas come from?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : This implies that there is a contradiction between the state bill against abortion and  Roe v. Wade.","questions":"How does the state bill against abortion relate to Roe v. Wade?","answer":"Contradiction"}
{"text":["Short word - yes. That is exactly what happened. And that includes in regular order a lot of backroom negotiation. And there is no guarantee of success for all of that, but at least if people know that they are back to what they need to do and know how to do best, sure, we could be right back here in three weeks with the difference being this far smaller chance of a shutdown. Now, they really ought to be able to do what they do best in that period of time, but if not, the president will be back in the same poker game with a far weaker hand than the one he just folded this week.","Roger Stone, one of the president's closest friends, a longtime adviser, of course was arrested yesterday, charged with lying to Congress, witness tampering, among other things. What does this tell us about the Mueller investigation?","It tells us that investigation is as robust as ever and moving forward. The former CIA chief, John Brennan, said yesterday he expects many more indictments in the weeks ahead, including some people who are household names. Now, the Mueller team is closely following the performance of some other actors like Paul Manafort, an old business partner of Roger Stone's. They say he has not followed through with the factual and truthful testimony he promised when he pled guilty on several counts last year. So that's another space to be watching.","Report from NBC this week - Jared Kushner got his security clearance only after administration officials overruled career security specialists. What do you make of this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : short word in this context means to sum something up","questions":"How did PersonA describe the outcome of returning back to what they do best?","answer":"Smaller"}
{"text":["And that made both party's much more democratic operations - again, small D.  But the Democrats - large D, capital D - pushed it a lot further than the Republicans. The Republicans want to restrain the representational nature of the system a little bit so as to reach a conclusion a little faster. And that's the big difference now.","I think in Super Tuesday-voting today, for example, it's quite possible that one Republican candidate will get enough votes around the country that he'll become the nominee more or less de facto. On the Democratic side, though, there's really no chance to that. The proportional splits that I've been talking about, the breaking of the vote down and making it representative of the vote, that's going to divide the delegates between the two parties - or between the two candidates on the Democratic side.","So there are people on both sides of the major party system who have dropped out, and they have delegates. What happens to their delegates?","There aren't many, really. It's just a handful in both parties. And what will happen to those delegates is after their candidate is officially out - John Edwards, for example, is not officially out. He's just suspended his campaign."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In this turn, the use of \"democratic\" with a small 'D' is not referring to the political ideology of democracy. Instead, it is referring to the internal operations of the parties becoming more inclusive and participatory. Similarly, \"Democrats\" with a capital 'D' is not solely referring to the Democratic Party, but rather to the people who identify with or support the Democratic Party.","questions":"What is the difference between the use of \"democratic\" in small 'd' and \"Democrats\" in capital 'D' in turn 0?","answer":"Operations"}
{"text":["I think that for, me Hillary is a policy wonk. I'm focused on public policy, and I'm thinking about action and thinking about what people say, how they present themselves, and whether or not they sound really credible on hardcore concrete ideas and proposals. And she just emerges as that person for me.","So, Congresswoman, why did you change your mind?","Combination of things. We've been through a campaign period. Barack Obama has paid some dues, and he's rebuilt himself. We got to know a bit more about him. He is talking about issues. The campaign has done what campaigns are supposed to do, and that is to help the public get to know the candidate, what they stand for, what they're willing to do, and whether or not they are tough enough to stay the course. He has met the test. He's paid his dues. He's got the numbers, and he should be the nominee.","Now, we saw a lot of members of the congressional black caucus either switch their superdelegate vote or at the last minute declare, when they were undeclared. What do you think that was about?Why was there this, you know, even before the final election votes were in, why was there this rush to say, you know, to declare?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Obama has demonstrated his credibility and is qualified to be the nominee.","questions":"Which candidate is mentioned as being qualified in turn 2?","answer":"Obama"}
{"text":["I'll pull the lever.","So once you change the flow, and you don't need the stimulus, you don't need that storm anymore, you just try to wait for it to rebound, and that rebound could take weeks is what you're saying.","Exactly right. Right now we have a very meandering, very non-definitive jet stream, and so that's allowing a lot of this cold air to just kind of flow out of the poles down into the continental United States. And so until that circumpolar vortex re-establishes itself, that cold air is going to be free to spill out all across the planet. And depending upon where these dips in the jet stream occur, that's where the cold air will flow out.","And so I see a new cold event for the East Coast around the end of January, into February. It's going to be preceded by a very warm event, a very warm rain event, up into the 60s, and then as that wraps around that storm, we're going to get that cold snap behind it. So you're going to have a very dramatic change from February 1st, from like January 31st we'll be like 60 and rainy and then February 1st it's going to be in the single digits again and very cold."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to rebound means to change in a positive direction","questions":"How does PersonB describe the duration of the rebound?","answer":"Weeks"}
{"text":["Tequila.","Hey, before we go - I go pouring it in, give it a smell, though.","OK.","It's very vegetal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) A: \"It's very vegetal.\"  The literal meaning of this statement is that the tequila has a strong vegetable scent. However, the implied meaning is that the tequila has a unique and high-quality taste, which is a common characteristic of premium tequilas. This implies that the speaker has a good taste in tequila and is sharing their knowledge with the listener.","questions":"What is the characteristic of the tequila mentioned by A?","answer":"Taste"}
{"text":["I did, yes. My dad worked for a nonprofit. And part of the work that he did is he volunteered to visit women in the federal prison camp in Alderson, W. Va.  - women who hadn't received a visit from family or friends in more than a year. And I would often go along with my dad. So as a very young child, I think it was exciting to me because I got to eat candy out of the vending machines. But those experiences stuck with me.","Well, and they come up here?","They do. So I think, you know, when I started writing \"Sugar Run\" and started realizing that my character Jodi had spent a significant amount of her life in prison, those impressions that I formed when I was young came back to me. I specifically remember overhearing my dad speaking with women at the Alderson prison who were soon-to-be released. And later as an adult, I realized just how strong their joy was, you know, to be released, but also their fear of what it meant to make a life on the outside.","Did I hear you say, once I realized my character Jodi had spent all these years in prison?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Sugar Run implies the title of a book and not a running sugar ","questions":"How does the author's childhood experience relate to the character in \"Sugar Run\"?","answer":"Impressions"}
{"text":["But so yeah, so toilet seats and pillowcases are very, very similar. We tend to find more species associated with our mouths on pillowcases and more species associated with feces, with gut microbes, on toilet seats. But in any given house we might or might not be able to distinguish those two. And in general, you know, these places that we sit, that we lay down, they sort of fill with species that fall off of us, you know, biased in one way or another toward a specific part of our body.","But it's kind of this mark we leave on the world everywhere we go, and presumably it's the same on planes, it's the same in our cars.","It sounds like our dogs leave a mark, too.","Yeah, so one of the really interesting things for us was to try to figure out what explains why your house is different from my house, why any house is different from any other house. And there are lots of things that you can imagine might be important, you know, the size of your house, your air conditioner, the number of people in your house, whether you're a vegetarian."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Toilet seats and pillowcases have more microbes than we think.","questions":"Which items have more microbes than we think?","answer":"Toiletseats"}
{"text":["Well, you hit the nail on the head. A lot of the amateur astronomers who are making these observations are just as skilled as many of the very best professional astronomers. And the only difference between the two is sort of the size of the telescopes that they use.","Yeah.","And a big advance in recent years that has allowed amateur astronomers to observe and record these impacts is digital photography and digital video recording. You know, we can make very sensitive digital video recordings of planets now, and we can capture these impacts when they occur.","Mm-hmm. I'm Ira Flatow, and this is SCIENCE FRIDAY, from NPR, talking with Tony Phillips, astronomer and author of Spaceweather. com. If you want to see the impact on our - go to our website at sciencefriday. com. We have the video up there of the impact. It seems - it's pretty big. I mean, we can see that, right?That flash, you said it was - how many megatons of. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : hit the nail on the head implies directly saying the key information or the main gist instead of wasting time ","questions":"Which phrase is used to describe the technological advancement that has allowed amateur astronomers to observe and record planetary impacts?","answer":"Digital"}
{"text":["OK.  (Laughter).",". . . But I do think they played an important role. There obviously were forces at work beyond the control of any policymaker. You know, manufacturing has spread much more evenly across the face of the globe. Prosperity has spread much more evenly across the face of the globe. And that's been a really good thing for billions - with a B - of people, and none of that should be minimized.","But I do think it is the case that economists in the United States and in other developed nations made that process much more painful for the average American, that the policies that they implemented or convinced policymakers to implement had the effect on the whole of concentrating the benefits of globalization in relatively few hands and of leaving many Americans to suffer the consequences.","Well, what do you think should happen now?I mean, economists are pretty firmly installed where they are. They do have the ears of presidents. What do you think should happen?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The policies implemented by economists had negative effects on average Americans.","questions":"What was the effect of economists' policies on average Americans?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["Absolutely. So what the defense may try to do is say, what we're dealing with here is a criminal, a dishonest individual from start to finish. He is being sponsored - his testimony is being sponsored by the government. But you can't trust him. After all, look at all the things he's done. He's stolen, in fact, not only from others but from his own business associate, Mr.  Manafort.","And he gets some kind of consideration for testifying - immunity, right?","Well, what he gets is. . .","Maybe not absolute immunity, but OK, go ahead."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The witness is receiving immunity in exchange for his testimony.","questions":"What is the witness receiving in exchange for his testimony?","answer":"Immunity"}
{"text":["And the spider is still paralyzed.","That's right. So interestingly enough, if the egg doesn't hatch, the tarantula can actually recover and go on its way. But more often that larvae will hatch and eat its way into the living but still paralyzed tarantula, and it'll feed on that tarantula for several weeks. And at least some species will selectively feed on non-vital organs first to keep the tarantula alive longer.","What would happen to me if I stepped on this wasp?","The tarantula hawk is a bit infamous in that it has one of the more painful stings known to man. There are actually a number of sting pain indices and in all of these indices the tarantula hawk ranks right up top in that the pain associated with this sting has been described as traumatic, debilitating, instantly excruciating, so it's bad. You don't want to step on these guys."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indicating that they are unable or unwilling to attend the party, but is also expressing a sense of regret or apology for their absence. The tone and context of the situation may affect the implied meaning, as the speaker could also be indicating a desire to attend a future event or to connect with the listener in another way, or they may be suggesting that the party is not a priority or that they have other obligations or commitments. Additionally, the speaker may or may not provide a reason for their absence, which could further affect the implied meaning.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the tarantula hawk sting?","answer":"Painful"}
{"text":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meaning different from the literal meaning is:  \"Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?\"  The literal meaning of this sentence is asking whether the president left a distinct impression the next day in Las Vegas. However, the implied meaning is asking whether the president's behavior or demeanor changed significantly in response to the events or circumstances in Las Vegas, indicating a potential shift in his attitude or approach.","questions":"How did the president's behavior change in Las Vegas?","answer":"Empathy"}
{"text":["So what is this thing about turning Girl Scout cookies into graphene?","All right, we'll start with a little reminder about graphene. Graphene is just a form of carbon. It's a form of carbon people knew existed, but just about eight or so years ago, for the first time, people were able to get enough of it to actually look at it. It's the two-dimensional form. It's like a big sheet of chicken wire, that's the shape, and it's really hard to get.","The guys who figured it out did it in a goofy way, using pencil and scotch tape. When you write with a pencil, that stuff that comes off, that graphite, that's really sheets, and sheets and sheets of this thin stuff. But separating those, that was expensive.","The numbers you've tossed around show you how expensive. People have been able to do experiments. They've found all kinds of really interesting possibly valuable properties, but nothing, no industry is really going to start until they can make enough of this stuff cheaply to use it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : tossed around refers to putting ideas out there without much thought","questions":"What does \"tossed around\" mean?","answer":"Ideas"}
{"text":["As you were growing up, your father wouldn't even let you sit back in a chair.","My father believed the world was divided between those who were mentally and physically strong and those who were weak and lazy. For this, I had to undergo a physical and psychological training.","Can you tell us about those nights in the cellar?","From the age of 6, I had to spend one night a month in the basement meditating on death. I sat on a stool, alone, in the dark, surrounded by rats. And I had a cardigan with small bells on it. I wasn't allowed to let the bells tinkle, as it meant that I was moving. It was one of his exercises.","There are just too many instances of abuse and cruelty to recount - I mean, the way he didn't turn on the heat, the way he made you bathe in his dirty water. He said he gave you his energy that way or something.","Yes. There was a lot of violence in what my father made me do. We could describe it as sadistic. For him, violence was meant to make me stronger and to remind me that life was horrible."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 1. The implied meaning of this statement is that the father was very strict and did not allow the speaker to relax.","questions":"How did the PersonA's father treat them while they were growing up?","answer":"Strict"}
{"text":["Dr.  Ahmad Tarakji leads the Syrian American Medical Society, which operates hospitals inside Syria. He is an American, and between trips to Syria, he told us hospitals are targeted despite efforts to shelter them.","We try to put those hospitals underground, as we found that they are the primary target of any military operation. But also, you cannot do that in every single hospital that's there inside Syria.","So you just said that hitting hospitals would be the primary target of any military operation. Did I understand you correctly?","That's perfectly correct. When there is an intent to displace people, then hospitals start to get targeted and in a pattern that's very predictable. We've seen it before in Aleppo. In addition to putting those hospitals in underground structures or in caves hospital (ph), we share the location, the coordinates of these hospitals with the U. N.  agencies, with Russia, with the United States, as they both are leading the humanitarian task force in Syria."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite efforts to shelter them, hospitals in Syria are being targeted during military operations.","questions":"What is the primary target of any military operation in Syria, according to A?","answer":"Hospitals"}
{"text":["You described some playwrights, Beckett, for example, as somebody whose work seems to back away from you the closer you get it. But Miller's play, you say, is not like that.","No. It wasn't like - my experience with Chekhov and Beckett was just what you call - that they get harder and harder as you go. But with \"Salesman,\" surprisingly, because it's fully as great a play as those others, it did welcome us and come toward us day by day. And then, we did a fairly smart thing, which is that we had a workshop just for ourselves for almost a month, and nobody ever saw it and we didn't perform it, but we just worked on it. And then as per plan, we went away for over three and a half months.","And then when we came back, we went into rehearsal and then finally got onstage and did it. And the three and a half months living and doing other things made a surprisingly big difference. It just sank into everybody and took enormous strides all on its own, and that was both exciting and surprising in its extent. And also, it was a clue to what was going to continue to happen, which is that it just burrowed deeper and deeper into the actors and they - into one another, and they have become a family. And they're - what goes on between them is - I've never seen - in my experience, I've never seen it quite like this.","Philip Seymour Hoffman obviously plays the lead role. Is - did the play come first or the actor come first?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : burrowed deeper and deeper implies that the work was engaging for the actors to perform","questions":"What was the extent of the difference that the three and a half months living and doing other things made to the play?","answer":"Big"}
{"text":["And you know, we still have, you know, we have horse farms. We have a couple of dairy farms left. In fact there's one dairy farm, the Ferris Acres Creamery, which people come from miles around it to have their ice cream. It's - they make it there. And you know, and we have hunters. And we have a couple of game, you know, hunting preserves around town. We still are in touch with that part of our tradition.","And does everybody's kids - do everybody's kids go to that particular elementary school?","No. We have, I believe, four elementary schools that feed into an intermediate school. So we have the Sandy Hook Elementary School. We have Hawley School, Middle Gate School, and the Head O'Meadow School. And my children went to the Head O'Meadow School, where I actually was in the graduating class when it first - when we first built that building in 1977. I still remember, I think, we buried some \"Star Wars\" paraphernalia in the front yard.","A time capsule."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The burying of Star Wars paraphernalia was a way of preserving their memories for future generations.","questions":"How was the Star Wars paraphernalia preserved?","answer":"Time"}
{"text":["He did. When I - the first time I called him up, the conversation went like this: Hello?Alan Feuer. And I said, hey, it's Alan Feuer. And he went, oh, good man. I've been meaning to call you. And he really did talk like that. That is absolutely how he spoke.","So something out of - well, a kind of a cross between Franklin Delano Roosevelt and London.","Something like that. You know, the way I pictured it was those, you know, those Preston Sturges movies where, you know, it's almost like an Anglophilic-New York accent.","Oh, we use to call it Long Island lockjaw."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The way it sounded was a mix between FDR and a British accent.","questions":"What accents were mentioned in the mix that the way it sounded resembled?","answer":"FDR,British"}
{"text":["And how do you do that?","Well, on the behavioral side, that means helping them go from being in this setting to open air and open - eventually open water. We would take them through a very careful process of getting used to the transport units, getting used to being on a crane and in a truck and then in a tank on the dock. Eventually, they might even take drives around Baltimore to get used to the idea that they're going to be mobile since they've have not done that before.","The other aspect is the physiological adaptation, and that's a very complex and laborious process. Every - all living organisms have a microbiome associated with them. That's all the microorganisms that live around us and on us - bacteria, fungus, spores, larvae, et cetera. Dolphins do too and, in fact, in seawater, it's quite present. And the water that they live in now, which is man-made saltwater, it's fairly sterile. And of course, the ocean is not sterile.","So we will go through a long process, once we've selected a site, that will begin to integrate that water into the water they live in here so that eventually, when they leave here, they will be in water that almost completely matches the water that they'll be moving to.","I gather, Mr.  Racanelli, you've known dolphins, worked with them in a sense, since you were a teenager."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The process of helping dolphins adjust to open air and water involves not only helping them cope with changes in their environment, but also teaching them how to be mobile and transport themselves.","questions":"Which aspect of the process does PersonA mention is \"a very complex and laborious process\"?","answer":"Physiological"}
{"text":["Well, we make them act like Trojan horses. One of the innate abilities they have is that for some reason they just chase these very difficult-to-reach migratory cancer cells in human brain. And because of this innate ability, we can then load them with these, you know, Greek soldiers, as you said in the introduction, in this case as a way of killing brain cancer cells, and they reach, they get these cancer cells. And in our experimental studies, at least in an in-vitro study, they seem to have a very good efficacy.","Is this in mice?Are you doing this in mice?","Well, we - the paper that we publish right now is all in-vitro, and it was a proof of principle that we can get these cells from human fat. And the series of experiments that we're doing in the laboratory right now are precisely in rodents, in mice.","Mm-hmm. And they're able to cross that blood-brain barrier and go into the brain?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Not actually trojan horses or Greek soldiers, just cells that enter the body with a different purpose than what they originally have ","questions":"How do the cells act in the body?","answer":"Chase"}
{"text":["It's amazing the way it works.","I agree. Now, Nelson Mandela's 90th birthday is looming, and there have been all this celebrations now. Supermodel Naomi Campbell, who I guess according to court records will hit anyone on the head with her cell phone, was supposed to be a presenter at this big concert but was removed from the list. Give us a quick sense of why.","Well, Mandela was a little upset that when she got arrested the last time she had on a hat with the numbers - his prison cell number or his inmate number from prison, and he was a little disturbed about that. But she didn't present, but she did attend an event last night. So, I mean, you know I think he was - you know people was sort of worried about you know what it would like if she was on stage, but she was there because they're very close, she and Mandela so.","Ah, close enough to get hit with the cell phone?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Naomi Campbell has a history of violence with her cell phone","questions":"Which supermodel's violent behavior is referenced in the dialogue?","answer":"Naomi"}
{"text":["You've been following temporary staffing trends for more than two decades now. What sectors are relatively insulated from layoffs?","Well, the sectors that are most resilient are the higher-skill sectors, or if you can get into industries that are involved in education or health care or government. Those are the areas where you get the most bang. We're also seeing a nice increase in the mortgage-processing area, because one of the things the government's doing is lowering the conforming rate for mortgages. And so, there's kind of a rush to refinance.","When you say higher skills, are you talking about engineering, things of that sort?","Well, even within, say, clerical admin, there's always demand for good, you know, personal assistants. There's always demand for engineers or, you know, highly skilled folks. There are sometimes fewer jobs in those areas but for good people, you can get employed.","Now, geographically, where are the hot spots for temporary work?","We're seeing the best demand really around the D. C.  area. You know, Maryland, Virginia, the District of Columbia, of course the government's kind of gearing up, and there's lots of activity to, you know, take on some of these new projects. Another good area is Texas. Texas still has some residual goodwill related to energy and utilities. Beyond that, there is most of the - most every area of the country is feeling some pinch. Some of the toughest places are California, Nevada and Florida."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The sectors are protected from having to layoff any employees.","questions":"Which action is being considered by the government to lower the conforming rate for mortgages?","answer":"Lowering"}
{"text":["In the meantime, what does this mean for the elections in Afghanistan?","It certainly doesn't say anything good. The government, you know, keeps saying that it's planning to protect the polls, that it will protect the polls, that it's sending out - I think, 70,000 defense security personnel will be deployed across the country to protect the polls. But it's also said that it's going to have to shut down - almost a third of polling places that were used in previous elections will not be open because they don't feel they can protect them. So that's a pretty strong admission of the limited ability of defense forces. So this has been a violent season, and I don't think anybody expects it to become less so.","That's Pamela Constable of The Washington Post. She spoke to us from Kabul.","Thank you so much for sharing your reporting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation in Afghanistan is unstable and dangerous, and there are concerns about the security of the upcoming elections despite government assurances.","questions":"Which country's upcoming elections are being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Afghanistan"}
{"text":["Some people are afraid that the extradition law will basically legalize kidnapping by the Chinese state. And that has already happened with several booksellers in Hong Kong being whisked away and mysteriously reappearing in Chinese detention. And so if this law is to pass, people fear that that will no longer be a news item or will just be a regular thing.","And to that question of how this bill is being rammed through, you know, what about that?Is there something about the way this bill is being, you know, processed, is extraordinary?","There are widespread complaints that there was no real public consultation about this. The legal sector, thousands of lawyers came out in force just this past week, and they marched in black in silence. And these are the people who would understand the law the best. And yet, the government has told them repeatedly that no, you lawyers don't understand the bill at all. And so that just shows that the government isn't really listening to the people, and people are feeling that. And that's why they took to the streets.","And, you know, authorities in Hong Kong did release a statement in response to the protests. What did it say?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The extradition law may result in Chinese state kidnapping.","questions":"What do people fear will become a regular thing if the extradition law is passed?","answer":"Regular"}
{"text":["But it feels more than a tribute to a great man. It's more about the nature of friendship and how you navigate fundamental differences with people that you care about.","Yeah. What we had that we loved together so much, you know, the things that we shared, the loves that we shared, you know, for literature and for sports other than basketball. But, you know, he was an English teacher. I was an English major. So we had that, and that was a tremendous bond. And it enabled him to reach into my life and for me to have insight into his life.","You write in this book though - and I'm quoting here - \"he didn't quite understand that when you are black in America, everything is about race. \"You got to know him at a time when the civil rights movement was underway. You were finding your voice on race, but he disappointed you on that issue along the way at times.","Well, I don't think coach disappointed me so much as sometimes he didn't understand how race could affect somebody. And he didn't see that until he was with me, and we went through incidents where he saw that geez, he wouldn't like to have experienced that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the nature of friendship and how you navigate fundamental differences with people\" is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as a metaphorical way of describing the dynamics of a complex relationship.","questions":"Which phrase in turn 0 is used metaphorically?","answer":"metaphorical"}
{"text":["Not solely, no. And this is something that is commonly, I think, misunderstood. The cornerstone of the healing profession and the physician is the patient relationship. But psychiatry more than any other really has an imperative to maintain the primacy of the patient relationship, so medications were extraordinarily important; they were miraculous developments, but medications alone can't do it.","Yeah. Between fever cures and induced comas and drilling holes in the skull and lobotomies, psychiatry has done some painful things to people in the name of science over the years, hasn't it?","Well, that's the point. That's why it's the untold story. In order for us to genuinely make a case for why psychiatry is a medical discipline that deserves sort of equal footing and respect as other medical specialties, we needed to fess up in terms of what the past was. And so in order to do so, we needed to tell the unvarnished history of the field and then describe why things may not have been helpful and in some cases harmful then, but why that's different now. And nobody should avoid seeking treatment if they think they need it because of uncertainty or fear.","Dr.  Jeffrey Lieberman has written, with Ogi Ogas, a new book \"Shrinks: The Untold Story Of Psychiatry. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is to thank the guest for joining the show and being available. The implied meaning is to thank the guest for their contribution to the show and for providing useful information.","questions":"What is the name of the new book co-written by Dr. Jeffrey Lieberman and Ogi Ogas?","answer":"Shrinks"}
{"text":["There's definite bright spots. If you're Wal-Mart, you're doing fine. If you're Costco, you're doing fine. If you're Family Dollar, you're doing fine. If you're Dollar Tree, you're doing fine.","The consumer is trading down. Starbucks closes 600 stores, but McDonalds is doing fine. Bennigans closes all their stores. Steak and Ale closes all their stores, but Burger King is booming. There is a story out there. The consumer is in major trade-down mode. If you're in position to take advantage of that, you win.","What about hiring?Stores hire a lot of temporary workers around this time for the holiday season. What's going on there?","Well, we've got 82 clients. All of them, across the board, are planning to hire fewer people and for fewer hours. Hiring is going to be way down, inventory is down, sales is down; it's all down. You know, we've lost an average of 85,000 jobs a month so far this year. Unemployment is going to skyrocket, in our view, to 7 and a half, 8 percent. All the stores have canceled expansion plans, cutting back on investments. They're not opening new stores. They're closing stores, and they're slashing hiring budgets."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There is a shift in consumer behavior towards cheaper options, benefiting certain businesses.","questions":"Which businesses are benefiting from the shift in consumer behavior?","answer":"Wal-Mart"}
{"text":["President Bush, of course, has visited Africa. President Clinton made overtures to Africa. What are your hopes and fears, not just for an Obama presidency, but for the next American president in dealing, not just with Kenya, but with the continent?","Well perhaps, of course, I think the main - one of the main issues that needs to be tackled is the issue of poverty in relation to aid. And you know, there has been a lot of controversy in the past about how the Western world, including the United States, deals with Africa when they're dealing with issues such as poverty and provision of aid to the various countries.","Another issue is, of course, HIV\/AIDS. This has been a big discussion point around the continent, and I think a number of people who are related in various sectors dealing with HIV\/AIDS may want to see perhaps a different perspective in terms of how this issue is dealt with by the United States in regards to assisting the people on the continent deal with this issue. But perhaps, out of all those I think what would stand out is the issue of poverty and HIV\/AIDS.","And one other thing I should note as well, is when we're talking about climate change, United States has come up in various discussions, I have noted. You know, there's been some indication that, perhaps, the United States is not as keenly interested in dealing with this issue. So maybe a number of government leaders as well might want to see the United States playing a bigger role in trying to deal with climate change around the world."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to be tackled in this context means to do something first before anything else","questions":"How does the speaker prioritize the issue of poverty in relation to aid?","answer":"First"}
{"text":["One last, I think, pretty blunt question we've got in 40 seconds left - why is President Trump more critical of Alec Baldwin than he is of Vladimir Putin on this week when Putin shows an animated video of Russian missiles smacking Florida?","I, you know - I think if you look at the President Trump style with ISIS as an example - he doesn't like to tip his hand. He was critical of the last administration by declaring departure dates, and so forth and things going on in the Middle East. And I think he's been tougher on Russia and Vladimir Putin than any other administration, at least the last two.","Really?","And so I would say, stay tuned to that. He's pretty predictable in that way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A suggests that Trump's behavior is predictable in certain ways.","questions":"What does PersonA imply about Trump's behavior?","answer":"Predictable"}
{"text":["That's where I went to school.","You went to Fremont?","I went to Fremont High School, I did.","Oh, my goodness. So, you know, East 14th is now called International Boulevard, and you lived in two very different worlds in that part of Oakland. Tell me a little bit about the best and worst of both sides.","Well, I lived my - after my parents divorced, my mother remarried a guy who made us be in that religion that rhymes with tehova's sitnesses (ph)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asking for confirmation that the person went to Fremont.","questions":"Which high school did PersonA attend?","answer":"Fremont"}
{"text":["Curative instruction meaning, I'm sorry I said that. Disregard that.","Exactly. Yeah, I made a mistake - mea culpa. I shouldn't have said that. Please disregard what I said and don't hold it against the counsel for either of the parties.","Dramatic testimony from Richard Gates, Manafort's former business partner, this week who essentially said, look. Paul Manafort's a crook. And I know because I am, too. And we schemed together to steal money. That's an argument the defense can turn against the prosecution in a way, though, too, isn't it?","Absolutely. So what the defense may try to do is say, what we're dealing with here is a criminal, a dishonest individual from start to finish. He is being sponsored - his testimony is being sponsored by the government. But you can't trust him. After all, look at all the things he's done. He's stolen, in fact, not only from others but from his own business associate, Mr.  Manafort."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A is admitting their mistake and asking for forgiveness","questions":"How does PersonA describe their error?","answer":"Mistake."}
{"text":["This has been a longstanding feature of Libya. The United Arab Emirates and Egypt had been backing General Khalifa Haftar - giving him weapons, conducting airstrikes. And the Tripoli forces have turned to Turkey, who's now providing weapons as well. And so it's a very cynical game, and Libyans are just paying the price for it.","And meanwhile, back to the migrants who, of course - as we mentioned, there's at least 44 who died in this latest attack.","Right.","They're trying to get to Europe. What now?I mean, as you mentioned, the EU has this policy of turning them around, and they end up back in these detention centers and then presumably - what?- trying to make the trip again."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The involvement of foreign powers has created chaos in Libya","questions":"What has the involvement of foreign powers created in Libya?","answer":"Chaos"}
{"text":["Yes, it's a primate. It's actually one of the largest monkey species there are. I'm not sure if you're familiar with Rafiki from the movie \"Lion King?\"Rafiki is a mandrill. They have extremely colorful noses and rumps, and like I said, they're one of the largest monkey species.","Do the animals get something special to eat considering it's Thanksgiving?","Keepers that are responsible for the day-to-day care of the animals do make some special treats for the animals. For example, our gorillas, on a daily basis, they get sweet potatoes, and on Thanksgiving, they may add some nutmeg or cinnamon to the sweet potatoes to make it kind of reminiscent of being home with family on the holidays.","Barb Webber is working today at Disney's Animal Kingdom. Happy Thanksgiving, Barb, to you and your animal friends."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Adding nutmeg or cinnamon to sweet potatoes is similar to being home with family on the holidays","questions":"What spices are added to the sweet potatoes on Thanksgiving?","answer":"Nutmeg"}
{"text":["No costume changes, no props.","Did you go into being someone who could be so mutable in part because you had to kind of - you had to have a place to escape, I'm assuming?","You know, I think that's exactly what it was. I remember as a teenager that - you know, I was born in Germany. I lived in Japan 'til I was 10 and then, you know, moved to Iowa, which is where I graduated high school. But you know, just being surrounded by so many different cultures, I just found myself kind of being a sponge. And so, as an extracurricular activity, I ended up, you know, doing standup comedy, you know, telling jokes to my friends. And I think you're right. I think it ended up being an escape into these different characters to be able to make people laugh. And it kind of made, you know, kind of made me laugh on the inside as well, because everything on the outside was really, really hurting.","Can you either give us a snippet of a character, to be in character or show how you transition between characters?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A's ability to adapt to different cultures may have influenced their comedic talent","questions":"How did PersonA's multicultural background contribute to their comedic talent?","answer":"Contributed"}
{"text":["You've also written a book about geoengineering as a way to deal with climate change here on Earth. Do you think people should try and terraform Mars so we can live there?I mean, that is clearly something that has been floating around for a while.","I think it's impossible to think about Mars without thinking about this because, you know, the great myth of Mars is a myth of geoengineering. The great myth of Mars is that Mars was once alive and slowly dried out and that the Martians tried to do something about it. So, you know, the idea that the Martians have an environmental problem and want to solve it is fundamental to how the 20th century thought about Mars. And it's been kind of fundamental to how we imagine the future of Mars. It's very hard to imagine a human future on Mars as it is, but one thing that matters a great deal is - although I think that it's quite unlikely that there's any extant life on Mars, that's something you really want to have a very good handle on before you even start thinking about terraforming it.","Oliver Morton is the author of \"Mapping Mars: Science, Imagination And The Birth Of A World. \"And he's an editor at The Economist. Thank you so much for speaking with us.","It was a pleasure, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Terraforming Mars as a way to deal with climate change is well-known","questions":"What is the topic of the book written by Oliver Morton?","answer":"Mapping"}
{"text":["I started the business as a hobby. I needed a break from the logical legal work that I was doing every day, and I decided as a creative outlet I'd like to start making spa products as a gift. I contacted a store in Canada, and they sent me some raw ingredients, taught me how to mix some things. I took them in to work, and people really liked them.","People often think of, say, Carol's Daughter, you know, and the spa-product industry being a woman's thing. But I also remember going down to cover Hurricane Katrina and there was a doctor, Dr.  Friedman, who - he and his sons would make soaps and things like that. What spoke to you about this business?Why did you want to do it?","I was looking for a sense of wellness, and I've always tried to take good care of myself. So, one of the things I would do is, I work very hard, but I also take good care of myself in a healthy way. So, one of the ways I do that is by going to spas. I've always been a fan of the product, and I was a great consumer of the product. So, in building my business, I knew exactly what I expected, as a high-end consumer, of the market.","Some people say, OK, spa items, beauty items, those are all things that people will cut in tough times. What have you seen in terms of the past year or so of your business?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Starting the spa business was a way to escape from monotonous work.","questions":"What motivated PersonA to start the spa business?","answer":"Wellness"}
{"text":["There is no good precedent for thinking that these peace talks will work well for exactly the reason that you have said. The Syrian regime and its allies should - have at no point countenanced the idea that Bashar al-Assad will step down. And then the opposition negotiating committee reiterated in London this week that they foresee a six-month transitional period at the end of which Assad is no longer the president of Syria. So that's a pretty big sticking point.","And starts on Monday?","Starts on Monday at sundown, which is also the beginning of the Muslim Eid festival, yes.","Alice Fordham in Beirut. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : expression of gratitude, as the speaker is thanking Alice Fordham for her report. Both turns have a figurative meaning that is different from their literal meanings.","questions":"Which turn has a figurative meaning in the dialogue?","answer":"Turn1"}
{"text":["New York City's teeming millions prime target for an atomic attack go about their normal affairs.","Sixty years ago today, America took cover. Ten a. m.  Eastern Time, sirens sounded in 54 cities, including New York and Washington, D. C.  for Operation Alert, the nation's first civil defense drill. People were told to get to their nearest civil defense shelter. So bank clerks, factory workers, shopkeepers and store clerks went down into basements and subway tunnels. President Eisenhower took a helicopter to an undisclosed location. School kids did the duck and cover in their classrooms. The drill lasted about 10 minutes, and a newsreel at the time showed empty streets and silence.","All clear. New York's first civil defense drill is a tribute to its citizens and defense organizations.","The drill was proclaimed a success because people were calm, orderly and civil. But post-drill analysis estimated that 2 million people in New York would have died in a nuclear attack and 12 million across the country. The Cold War had chilling statistics. More public figures began to say, in President Kennedy's phrase, that in a nuclear war, the fruits of victory would be ashes in our mouth. Operation alerts were canceled after 1962."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of repetition or emphasis on certain words or phrases may indicate that they are trying to convey a particular message or make a specific point, or that they feel strongly about the topic at hand.","questions":"What word does the speaker emphasize to convey the message about the estimated number of deaths in New York in case of a nuclear attack?","answer":"Million"}
{"text":["So, you know, it was a very, very gutsy move because he and I, we didn't have a quarter. And I'm sure you're saying, well, how did you open up a restaurant without any money?Well, my grandmother, who was in her 90s, was gracious enough and had enough faith and confidence in us to use her house as collateral, and we took out a small 20,000 dollar loan, opened up a 2,000-square-foot restaurant in 1988.","And, the first day we opened, we were dead broke. We didn't have a cash register. There were so many things that we didn't have that I wouldn't dare try to open up a restaurant in today's time without. But in less than the two years - we leased the building for two years - in two years, not only had we paid my grandmother her money back, but we had saved 40,000 dollars. And we took that money and used it as a down payment and purchased our first restaurant.","Well, you know, I want to go to you, Gina, because I understand that there was a reunion at which you two reconnected. Tell me about that, first of all.","Pat and I dated in high school. As a matter of fact, our parents went to the same high school, and we got back together - we dated all through high school, we broke up, of course, and then we got back together at our 10-year reunion."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Opening a restaurant without money was a difficult and risky venture","questions":"What was used as collateral to take out a loan for opening up the restaurant?","answer":"house"}
{"text":["So, Bill, what do you make of the president's remarks?","Every time I hear President Bush talk about billions, I start thinking about Carl Sagan and talking about billions of stars and billions of this. Part of the problem when I listen to and consider what President Bush is talking about is more what he doesn't talk about, that U. S.  aid to Africa is significant in terms of dollar amounts that are mentioned, but as a percentage of what the United States does offers internationally, it's actually not all that significant.","A couple of years ago, I did a little research on this and discovered that U. S.  aid to Africa, if you withdraw Egypt, is less than Israel. That is - that the total aid is less than the aid to one country, a key ally of the United States. So that figure told me a little bit about the priorities of the United States.","The second thing is that there are regularly strings attached to U. S.  aids. So whether it's the assistance to combat HIV and AIDS, there are these strings around the issue of abstinence, abstinence only, as a condition for significant amounts of aid to combat that disease. A second issue is that whereas the United Nations has had a internationally recognized program combating AIDS\/HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, the Bush administration has refused to give full funding to that U. N.  program and instead was more interested in setting up its own bureaucracy to offer assistance, which seems to be run contrary all of the rhetoric about a, you know, that conservatives often offer about eliminating costs."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A couple of years ago, I did a little research on this and discovered that U.S. aid to Africa, if you withdraw Egypt, is less than Israel. That is - that the total aid is less than the aid to one country, a key ally of the United States. So that figure told me a little bit about the priorities of the United States. - Implied meaning: A is suggesting that the United States' priorities may be misguided in terms of the amount of aid provided to Africa compared to other countries such as Israel.","questions":"Which country is mentioned as receiving more aid than the entire continent of Africa, except for Egypt?","answer":"Israel"}
{"text":["That is against the law.","This is a BuzzFeed story, not an NPR story. It hasn't been reflected in our reporting. We can't vouch for it. Is this an anecdote or a trend?","Right. Is this an anomaly?It's the real key. I believe this is potentially a trend. Are they the only ones who've done this?Are there other countries who try it?","Are there other Americans other than the ones that you've believed you've uncovered?","And are there other Americans - right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : BuzzFeed is unreliable and their story cannot be trusted.","questions":"What is the potential trend that PersonA believes in?","answer":"Trend"}
{"text":["Well, I talked to - obviously, I've been all over Iowa and New Hampshire. And most people really want to beat Trump. And I think if we don't stand up and say that we don't - you know, that Democrats don't stand for socialism, we're going to end up reelecting the worst president this country's ever had. And I feel sometimes a lonely voice.","But I think we've got to speak loud and clear that jobs matter. Our economy has to grow. And certainly we want to address income inequality. Absolutely we want to make sure that women have a right to choose, that civil rights and social justice are addressed aggressively. But we've also got to recognize to win in Ohio and Michigan, North Carolina and Wisconsin, we're going to have to, you know, get more to those kitchen table issues that have to do with, you know, somebody's job and - or how many jobs they're having to work just to balance their household budget.","And do you think your fellow candidates are not doing that?","Well, they're certainly doing it to a certain extent. I'm not diminishing climate change or - as an important issue or health care. But I don't think we're going to address climate change by guaranteeing every American a federal job, which is what part of the Green New Deal was. I don't think we're going to address the spiraling inflation in health care by forcibly telling 150 million people that we're going to take away their private insurance."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : To win in key states, Democrats need to prioritize jobs and economic growth.","questions":"How do Democrats need to prioritize in order to win in key states?","answer":"Jobs"}
{"text":["I assume, Sean, you're not going to have anyone there kind of pulling in the CNN-type touchscreen - pulling up results from various provinces. When might we get a really solid indication of who the next president of Afghanistan will be?","You're right. It is going to take some time here. We should start to get some basic, preliminary results in the coming days. But the actual count won't be completed until April 20. But once that's released, there's going to be several weeks of challenges, and a period where another body evaluates fraud and complaints and challenges from candidates. And May 14th is when the final, certified results of today's vote will actually be released. And most analysts are convinced that there's no chance any of the candidates will get more than 50 percent of the vote today, which means the top two candidates will go to a runoff, probably to be held sometime in June; meaning, we're looking at sometime late summer, early fall, actually, before we know who the next president of Afghanistan's going to be.","NPR's Sean Carberry in Kabul. Thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"NPR's Sean Carberry in Kabul\" is meant literally as it refers to the journalist's location.","questions":"What is the name of the journalist who reported from Kabul?","answer":"Sean"}
{"text":["So we hear that a lot. We hear employees being congratulated for working 24\/7, which now we know is the cognitive equivalent of coming to work drunk. But it's changing. We are now in this amazing transition period where more and more companies are beginning to realize that living like that and working like that has actually terrible consequences, not just on the health and productivity of their employees but also on their bottom line.","You talk about sleep as a basic human right that we have not ranked alongside, you know, the right not to go hungry, the right to freedom of expression, that sort of thing.","Yes, and what is interesting is that it's a right that has been violated both in workplaces where employees have been expected to be perpetually on, especially since the advent of the smartphone, but also which is constantly violated by us because we have so minimized the importance of sleep. So that basic human right that you mention is often violated by us.","We can't do an interview with Arianna Huffington at this point and not ask about the 2016 presidential campaign. And I will point out Donald Trump says he just gets by on about four hours of sleep a night. Any reaction to that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implies that people have become so used to not prioritizing sleep that they are violating their own basic human right. ","questions":"What is the basic human right that has been violated by people, according to turn 2?","answer":"Sleep"}
{"text":["His anatomy turns out to be such that when he tastes something, he experiences it as much more intense than someone who has a lower density of taste buds on his tongue and. . .","Well, let me go through - let me ask you - well, let me just remind everybody that this is SCIENCE FRIDAY, from NPR. And I'm talking with Barbara Stuckey, author of \"Taste What You're Missing. \"Are you saying that we each have different numbers of taste buds on our tongues?Not - we all don't have the same number of taste buds?","We all live in our own private sensory world. So yes, the answer is we all have a different anatomy picture that really influences how we experience. . .","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B: Wow.The word \"Wow\" is often used to express surprise or astonishment, but in this context, it may not convey the literal meaning of a sudden reaction. It could be indicating the listener's genuine interest or fascination with the previous statement, rather than just an exclamation.","questions":"Which word may not convey the literal meaning of a sudden reaction in this context?","answer":"Wow"}
{"text":["It's been busy, definitely your traditional day after Thanksgiving where the phone starts ringing earlier in the day, and it just keeps on ringing. We're going to have a lot of people. They're going to have a lot of company over from yesterday and a lot of the people trying to be helpful in the kitchen, and they're going to put those potato peels down the drain and carrot peels and all the stuff that normally wouldn't go down the kitchen sink drain.","Kevin, I've been one of those people before, a few years back. I actually had a busted kitchen sink on Thanksgiving Day, and I couldn't find anyone open that day. By the next day, I was in a panic. Do you get the panicked calls the day after?","Oh, yeah. Yeah, definitely. You know, people, they're going to find out that a lot of the plumbers have not opened and that maybe their regular plumber that they call always is not going to answer their phone or say that they'll get right back to them. They get a voice machine or something.","Because you can capitalize on people's need the day after Thanksgiving, do you charge any more today?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The amount of people who will be calling Kevin for plumbing help is likely to be significant due to the increased activity in the kitchen on the day after Thanksgiving.","questions":"What day is the phone more likely to start ringing earlier for Kevin?","answer":"Day"}
{"text":["You can see the hurricanes. . .","That's right.",". . . the tornadoes and things and try to connect the dots themselves if no one else is going to connect the dots for them.","That's exactly right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of (3) is to encourage people to learn and understand the connection between the hurricanes, tornadoes and other natural disasters, without relying on someone else to do it for them.","questions":"How can people understand the connection between natural disasters without relying on someone else?","answer":"Learn"}
{"text":["Now, there are literally thousands of these kinds of cases going back through history. Some that have, you know, withstood the test of time. What are some of the most famous ones in the U. S. ?","Well, you know, there's a very long list and you know, actually a colleague and I had a five-volume set on famous American crimes and trials that I can't go over all of them. But let me just mention a few. And I want to mention one in London as well. But for example, going back to the 19th Century, the Mary Rogers case. Here in Albany, we have Jack Legs Diamond, the prohibition gangster who was killed in Albany. We have a list of the short case.","Oh, the Black Dahlia, right?That's the Black Dahlia?","Exactly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Some of the cases from long ago are still relevant to what is happening in this day.","questions":"How many volumes did PersonA and their colleague have on famous American crimes and trials?","answer":"Five."}
{"text":["You've written that News Inside is your way of not forgetting the people who you left behind when you were released. Explain what you meant by that.","I always say that there's people who become who they are on the inside. They develop into real-life human beings with hopes and dreams and their visions of the world, and they love each other. And they become family even more so than their family on the outside because a person haven't seen his mom, his aunt or uncle on a consistent basis for decades.","But yet a person sees his neighbor in a cell next door on a consistent basis. So bonds are developed. And when some of those individuals eventually go home, it's like losing a family member. Like, I would actually feel pain when someone would leave me. And sometimes some of the men would go in their cell, turn their lights off, and then they were crying tears because they're going to miss the person that was leaving. And when people left me, I always hoped that they wouldn't forget, that they would write me a letter so I can live vicariously through them and dream of what it's like to be free.","So I can't reach everyone in the country with a letter, but I could reach everyone through News Inside. I can curate a particular set of articles that I believe will speak to all those desires that everyone has and hopefully sate those desires in any way that I can."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"There's people who become who they are on the inside.\"  This turn is a figurative expression that means some people change and grow emotionally and mentally while incarcerated.","questions":"Which phrase describes the bonds that are formed between inmates in close proximity in a cell?","answer":"Bonds"}
{"text":["I don't know where life would have led Ionel Talpazan if he'd slept on a cardboard box on a corner of, say, Akron or Peoria. But in New York, a famous art figure named Henry Tobler saw an artist in his drawings and wrote about him in scholarly journals. His pictures were included in Manhattan art galleries, and from the 1990s on, Ionel made his way in the world by his art. By the time he died, his works had hung at the American Visionary Art Museum and museums in San Francisco, London, Berlin, Madrid and France. Talpazans were sold in fancy galleries from SoHo to Chelsea. The man who'd slept in a box moved to a New York apartment.","My art shows spiritual technology, something beautiful and beyond human imagination that comes from another galaxy, he once told the Western Folklore journal. So in a relative way, this is like the God. Ionel Talpazan imagined incredible things and made them alive in the eyes of others. In a way, he did escape on his UFO.","(Singing) I wouldn't fool you, but I - I've seen the saucers so many times, I'm almost. . .","Elton John. You're listening to NPR News."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  implies that Ionel Talpazan was able to find success and make something of himself, and in a way, he was able to \"escape\" his struggles and reach his dreams","questions":"Which artist achieved success and was able to \"escape\" his struggles?","answer":"Ionel-Talpazan"}
{"text":["No, he won't be voted on by the entire board, under our system, and I'd be telling you more internal NAACP organizational matters than anyone needs to know. The CEO works for the executive committee, and the executive committee needs to approve his contract, which I'm confident will happen. And when that's done, it's done.","You have been a very strong leader of the NAACP, from the position of chairman of the board. There have been some incredible chairmen - and women, including Myrlie Evers-Williams. But is this organization prepared to have a strong president?You are arguably still, at this point, you know, beyond arguably, the most powerful person at the NAACP, are you ready to split the seat?","I'm ready for Ben Jealous to come on board, and, you know, we have had only, I think, 17 people in this job, over the 99 years we've been in existence - four have been white, several have been women, they come from a variety of backgrounds and professions, but I'm looking forward to Ben Jealous. I think he is going to be among the strongest we've ever had, and may turn out to be the strongest we have ever had.","Give me a moment that you think typifies the direction that the NAACP is going. And what I mean is a personal moment, where you really felt, I'm doing the right thing, for the right reasons."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The incoming president, Ben Jealous, is expected to be one of the strongest in NAACP history.","questions":"What is the expected strength of the incoming NAACP president?","answer":"Strongest"}
{"text":["And as we look ahead, these issues are going to be more and more significant, at least that's what the climate scientists tell us. How did it change to get it - make it more of a priority in people's opinions and in politics?","You know, there are various models of social change. One is the - what I call the Pearl Harbor model, where you have an event that changes everything. Sometimes its pressure is gradually building, an awareness building. I call that the Berlin Wall model where things keep building until - in the case of the Berlin Wall, it went down. And sometimes it's difficult to see those tipping points before you reach them. Almost by definition, tipping points are difficult to project and identify.","But my own sense says that we are moving toward a tipping point on the climate issue, and it's going to take a few more droughts like the one in the summer of 2012, an intense heat that greatly reduced the U. S.  grain harvest. I think it reduced the corn harvest by close to 30 percent. Or storms unlike anything we've seen before. And then we'll begin to, at some point, realize that climate change is for real. That it's dangerous and it's costly and we need to be doing something about it.","Yet, you'd like to think that we could arrive at these kinds of decisions on a rational basis. Don't need a tremendous crisis to focus our attention."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Climate change is a significant issue in people's opinions and politics","questions":"Which issue is becoming more and more significant?","answer":"Climate-change"}
{"text":["What about beyond the environment?- because your platform goes well beyond just issues. . .","Yeah.",". . . Of climate. What else do you stand for?","Well, having a clear attitude against racism through our diversity, not flirting with populist parties but confronting them. This is something that the Greens have been always good in. And I think that resonates with the population. And also, the Green Party has always been most pro-European party, longing for United States of Europe as a vision."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Green Party has good attitudes towards diversity, opposes populist parties, and is pro-European.","questions":"What is the Green Party's stance on racism and populist parties?","answer":"Racism"}
{"text":["And then we have a Congress who just passed a bill knowing full well that this was the most likely outcome, and they chose not to even try to stop it. But now that the bill has passed, the shutdown has been prevented, the government has been funded, the president can come out and say he's going to do this now. And you have people saying that we're shredding the Constitution, that this is the end of the world, that we need to act, that we need to stop something.","Well, the time to act was before you pass a bill to give the president money to fund the government. The time to act - if you want to force a vote on this, if you want to force Republicans in the Senate to go on record if you're a House Democrat, for instance, then you put language in the bill saying the president can't use national emergency powers to build a wall.","You mean senators - well, we could list their names - Susan Collins.","Right. I mean, don't vote for a bill that is going to make something that you think is really damaging to our country, to the Republic, more likely to occur. Just don't do it, No. 1. No. 2, actually go out and try to put things in the bill to prevent the thing that you think is so damaging to our republic from happening."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Not taking action to prevent something harmful from happening is wrong.","questions":"How is it wrong?","answer":"Wrong"}
{"text":["Hudson is confident that Broadway Federal Bank won't be harmed by the recent spate of bankruptcies and bailouts. Though the bank specializes in real estate and caters to minority investors, it never got caught up in the subprime mortgage game that has become the downfall of other banks.","In order to play in that game, you had to have large volumes and small margins, which has made mortgages like commodities. So the Countrywides, the WAMUs, the big mortgage companies, you would lose your shirt trying to compete with it. So, really, the small banks had to stand on the sidelines while a lot of money was being made by churning these loans and fees, and people were making huge amounts of money, banks were very profitable, and we weren't able to participate. But now, you know, the kind of like slow and steady feels very good right now.","Now, Hudson says he's starting to get a lot more calls from people who want to put their money in Broadway Federal.","Here's what used to happen in the old days. People would only put 100,000 dollars in Broadway because they knew that was the maximum FDIC insurance. They put a million dollars in Bank of America. They figured, well, I only - because Bank of America only has the same insurance as we do, only a 100,000. So they left 900,000 dollars uninsured because they said, well, that's Bank of America. I'm only worried about Broadway. I'm not worried about Bank of America."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Small banks were unable to compete with big mortgage companies in the subprime mortgage game, but now slow and steady feels good.","questions":"Which game did small banks have trouble competing in?","answer":"Mortgage"}
{"text":["And then we're going to measure not just their genotype and their environment - things like air quality, water quality, their social setting - but also all the molecular biology that might help us to understand how it is that genes and environment shape aging.","Do you have a dog, Doctor?","I have a dog. I had two dogs until last year.","Oh, I'm sorry.","Our 11-year-old Weimaraner passed away. By 11, he was pretty geriatric. I have an 11-year-old mutt. And when I take her to the dog park, people think she's a puppy. She looks like a 1-year-old. And she's still very vigorous."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Oh, I'm sorry\" implies an expression of sympathy for the loss of the doctor's Weimaraner, rather than an apology.","questions":"What does \"Oh, I'm sorry\" express?","answer":"Sympathy"}
{"text":["It really is. I mean, the fact - and he uses the microscopes that I used as a kid, right, from the '60s because those must be Bausch and Lomb or something like that.","The Zeiss microscope.","Zeiss microscope, different company.","Yeah, right. No, he said that actually if you want to get into this, you know, the cost of one of these microscopes from the '60s or '70s is about that of a computer, but it'll last you a lifetime.","Forever. The optics are just terrific."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that the price of a microscope in the 60s and 70s is of the same price with a computer but more durable.","questions":"How much did a microscope cost in the 60s and 70s compared to a computer? (Answer: Same)","answer":"Same"}
{"text":["Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning.","And what about the value of closed-door sessions?Jared Kushner, the president's son-in-law and top adviser, met with the committee behind closed doors this week. What's the value of that to the committee even as it frustrates the public a bit?","Well, there are pluses and minuses to it. It's best if it's a preparation for a public session. Committee staff, for example, will do a behind-closed-doors questioning very thoroughly and minutely using documents in a way that you don't see so much in a public session. So it can be good preparation. It's also, in this particular situation, it's possible that there's a mixture of classified and non-classified material and you sort that out during the behind-closed-doors.","It sounds like you're describing a dress rehearsal or something like that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : is to practice or prepare for a performance.","questions":"How would you describe the purpose of a closed-door session?","answer":"purpose"}
{"text":["At the center of this terrific story is a prisoner - prisoner Z he's called - and his guard. Tell us about their relationship.","Yeah. I'm just very interested, you know, fascinated, heartbroken, obsessed with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and our need to find peace on that front. But, yeah, I get very interested in the weave between both sides that everyone's always like victim and avenger at the same time.","And I thought - to me, in terms of a real and metaphoric idea of it, I thought of this guard and his prisoner and the idea of both of them sort of being trapped together. There is, of course, a guard who is in a better position than a prisoner. But in the end, as the years pass, you know, it sort of becomes vague of who has freedom at all.","I will explain. The guard is Israeli. And prisoner Z is in prison because he is accused of betraying the Israeli state."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that it is difficult to distinguish between the guard and the prisoner who are trapped together.","questions":"Which idea of the relationship between the guard and the prisoner is discussed in turn 2?","answer":"Metaphoric"}
{"text":["But, you know, people have been, you know, taking this approach for a long time.","I notice that you might be able to - I think the Romans shipped apparent black wax tablets, and then you scrape off the wax, something's in there.","Oh sure, there are lots of different ways you could do this. And in fact, I mean, the story that's floating around, and I'm not sure if it's true or not, I haven't been able to dig deep enough to find out, is that during World War II, the censors would go through, and they would kind of change numerical tables.","So if somebody was sending a letter to someone in the theater and saying, you know, Johnny got good grades, got an A, B, a C or something like that, they might change them around a little bit. Or they might change, you know, put little changes just in case someone was trying to sneak a message in, you know, some table of data."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the speaker is hinting that a story about World War II censors tampering with numerical tables is potentially true, although they have not been able to find enough evidence to confirm it","questions":"What event during World War II is the speaker referring to?","answer":"WorldWarII"}
{"text":["You know, it'd be nice if we could all hold hands and hug each other and sing \"Kumbaya\" and it be like that. But fact is, whether we like it or not, our country and virtually every other country in the world has become heavily dependent on satellites. So it's natural that you're going to see warfighting move up into that domain.","We've got to stay ahead of that. Now, hopefully, if we're smart and effective at this, it will have a chilling effect on anybody wanting to try and go there because that's one of the things that we have found keeps war at bay, is when you're the biggest, baddest cat on the block. Nobody wants to bother with you. We are not maintaining that status when it comes to space like we are terrestrially.","Congressman Mike Rogers of Alabama, thank you so much for joining us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : joining us implies being part of a program or activity and not referring to mixing or attaching people together ","questions":"What does \"joining us\" imply?","answer":"Activity"}
{"text":["I think a lot of people are afraid of science, really, which is bad news for everybody, because we really all need to understand a certain amount of science in order to make decent policy about the world we live in. But the truth is, translating scientific ideas from physics and mathematics and biology into vernacular English is difficult enough, and then translating it into fiction so that it's all there unobtrusively is extremely challenging.","And that was both a daunting and a really fun part of this novel, because I had to - in order to write about - in order to bring the reader into this world of scientists studying climate change in front of their eyes, they have to know something about the physics of why warm air holds more moisture. I wrote in this novel about the difference between correlation and causation. One of my pet peeves. . .",". . . with journalists who - when they report on science. There - this novel even mentions the ice-albedo effect. I was really excited listening to your previous half hour when I heard that word, albedo effect. That's in my novel. But it's not every easy to do, and it requires a certain comfort with the literature and with the subject to begin to translate that into plot and character and to make it really compelling so that people who might think they're afraid of science can read this novel, enjoy this novel without knowing that they're being educated in science.","I mean, it sounds like you felt compelled to really get the science right in this, even thought it's fiction, to get that accurate."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The novel educates readers about science in an unobtrusive way","questions":"What is the main theme of the novel?","answer":"Science"}
{"text":["I want to kind of mention quickly the things that are floating out there as rumors and are not confirmed. Again, these are things that people are talking about and are not confirmed. There are many people who immediately assumed this is a terror attack. Tovia, this is not confirmed.","Not confirmed. Nothing about the cause of this, whether it was some kind of unintentional explosion from down in a manhole or something or whether it was a bomb. The police do tell me that the bomb squad is on the scene, as you would expect, along with police and fire and rescue, but they are not talking about the cause. They - a briefing is coming soon but it's taking some time to maneuver down there and also to collect some good information, some hard data about what's going on and numbers of injured and the rest.","What agency are you speaking with to confirm what's going on?Is it the Boston Police Department?","Boston police is who I have been talking to. The hospitals are confirming that people are on their way as well.","This is TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The authorities are not revealing the actual cause of the explosion.","questions":"Which information is the police not sharing with the public?","answer":"Cause"}
{"text":["This has been just week one of the trial. And as we noted, there's another Manafort trial ahead. And gosh knows what the fallout will be in reporting about the lobbying industry. But do you - is it possible, do you think, that the lobbying industry - is it some kind of break point, as arguably it was, let's say, a decade ago about the Jack Abramoff revelations?","It might be, particularly for foreign interests. I know that there's a lot of concern from the president on down of people everywhere trying to get at America and learn our interests and learn our secrets. And there may be some attempt to have more transparency about public lobbying for foreign interests.","I mean, the suggestion is, they'd just walk out on K Street, hire somebody, and that's how they'd do it.","Right. That's right. And I think people would say, I think we need to have a little bit more oversight. You know, we don't want individuals - American lobbyists - looking for secrets and then selling them to our foreign adversaries. It kind of reminds me in a way of, like, the 1950s. You know, we're all real nervous about what foreigners are doing, so let's pass some laws to make sure that America doesn't help our enemies."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There may be a need for more transparency in lobbying for foreign interests.","questions":"Which industry might be a break point as it was about a decade ago according to B?","answer":"Lobbying"}
{"text":["And how - it has a unique design to it. Who designed it and why does it have the shape it has?","That's a really interesting question. There's - it's actually a complicated story. The chief architect was a man named John Graham Jr. , had a large architectural firm. He was mainly known as the man who invented the first really successful shopping mall, which was here in Seattle, Northgate. He had the task of creating the Space Needle. But he - they got stuck on the design. They had a doodle on a napkin. He had a bunch of architects who began looking at a tower-like structure. They were inspired by a tower, a broadcast tower in Germany, in Stuttgart, which had a restaurant on it. And so they knew they wanted an observation deck. But they were kind of open to what else they would do. They thought about putting a planetarium up there and a helicopter pad.","No kidding.","Yeah. They considered all kinds of things. And - but they were stuck on coming up with a design that was really a wow design. So John Graham hired as a consultant a professor from the University of Washington named Victor Steinbrueck. He's known locally in Seattle as architect-activist who saved the Pike Place Market. But he was a designer, and he worked on the Space Needle design."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They could not come up with an idea that would impress people.","questions":"What was the problem with the design of the Space Needle?","answer":"Impress"}
{"text":["Now, in both the Enron case and the Madoff situation, they're very different in some ways, but they both benefited at least for a time from the fact that a lot of people don't understand finance, and it's very difficult to understand. What do you think people need to do who are not financiers to understand why is it important to even understand the issue of finance, white-collar crime, and all of this?","White-collar crime matters because it affects all of us. Even if you happen to be a blue-collar person, you undoubtedly get affected one way or another - your investments, your company, your suppliers, your neighbors. Everyone gets affected by serious white-collar crime, and the old joke is, right, you walk into a bank with a gun, steal $50,000, they send you away for 10 years. You steal $50 million in some sort of white-collar crime thing, and you get, you know, five minutes and a warning from the judge.","I mean, that's an exaggeration. But that's the kind of thing that for years has annoyed people, including me. And somehow the - because there's been now so much of the stuff has surfaced, and there's such conscientiousness about it and in the case of Madoff largely because he scammed people that members of the media know. So you get really angry when your friends go down. I mean, I don't have any friends who were in there, but a lot of people in my business. . .","Right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : not the right hand or right side, but the   speaker agrees with the other speaker","questions":"How did the speaker respond to the other PersonA's statement about Madoff and the Enron case?","answer":"agreed"}
{"text":["Yes. And Stephanie says attendance more than doubled. She thinks lowering prices was a great business strategy for her. It might be good for others as well.","And Marilyn McFee(ph) is doing well in the downturn. She's a professional storyteller.","Maybe it's like mashed potatoes and apple cobbler, she writes. Storytelling is comfort entertainment.","She's been busy telling her stories at schools, libraries, even fundraisers."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Marilyn is doing well while the economy is worsening.","questions":"Which storyteller?","answer":"Marilyn"}
{"text":["They have been sheltered. And now, several of - because Salvini said, I won't accept them unless other countries take them. And several other European countries have agreed to divide them up.","And meanwhile, in general, migrants are continuing to come to Europe in big numbers.","Not really. There's been a huge drop in the first six months of this year - 2,100, compared to about 14,300 the year before. That's an 85% drop.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Salvini is using a bargaining tactic to share the burden of hosting the migrants with other European countries","questions":"Which tactic is Salvini using to share the burden of hosting the migrants?","answer":"Divide"}
{"text":[". . . They make you very proud.","What can you tell us about Paola Zambrano and Mark Gorman?","Both of these kids were awesome young people. Paola - Paola, you know, died when she was going to be a junior, so she finished two years of high school. And, you know, during her freshman year, she was diagnosed with colon cancer. And we knew it was a serious situation. And we, you know, quite frankly didn't think that she'd be - you know, continue down that road of going to high school because we knew it was terminal.","And, you know, to her credit, she decided she was going to keep coming every day, had great attendance, went through her chemos and her therapies and was a model student for her family and for herself. She was very - a very proud young lady. And she had hopes and dreams beyond high school that unfortunately she was never. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implied meaning of the statement \"They make you very proud\" is that the person is proud of their achievements.","questions":"Which student was a model for her family and herself?","answer":"Paola"}
{"text":["What happened with Dr.  Strauss was upsetting. It was one night in your life. How has it stayed with you over the years?What's it done to your life since then?","So that building was fairly close to campus. And so for the next probably three, four or five years, you know, I went by that building a lot. It was hard to relive what's going in there. Again, you just kind of bottle it up and put it away. I'm, you know, upset with Ohio State. But I'm upset with Strauss, but he's dead. So I'm even more upset that Ohio State, a large institution that I have significant ties to and that I - you know, I met my wife there, asked her to marry me, have lots of friends from there. I've donated my time, donated money. And now I'm finding out that they failed me.","When the box opened back up on Memorial Day, I've had trouble sleeping at night. I sometimes wake up the middle of the night and see him standing over me doing what he's doing. And I still - there's one picture of him on the - a local TV station and Columbus' website - a color picture that I can't look at. If I see it, I just get sick to my stomach. So the box has been opened back up now, and it's been a struggle.","What would you like the university to do at this point in your life?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Experiencing trauma and distress due to memories of the abuse","questions":"How has the abuse affected PersonA's sleep?","answer":"trouble"}
{"text":["Exactly. He's betting on this, and he's No. 1 in the polls.","I gather you were a protester in 2011. Do you believe these democratic elections are going to come closer to realizing the dreams that brought you into the protest movement?","I'm not thinking that these elections in 2019 will change anything major. But on the grand scheme of things, we're showing to the people in the Arab world that they can be free. We are writing this beautiful story of an Arab Muslim country that is able to sustain its democracy, that has a president that died. And after 48 days from his passing, we're having the elections being prepared, as the constitution mentioned. We didn't see a single boot (ph) in the street, no gunshots - nothing - no coups.","And we need the U. S.  and other allies to just realize that whatever we're doing here is a blueprint for the region as well."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They need the countries to realize this is the way things should be done in other countries.","questions":"How are they showing the people in the Arab world that they can be free?","answer":"Free"}
{"text":["Reading this book, the thing that always shone through was that you never took no for an answer. You talk about, despite all your successes, always feeling like you might never be good enough, or that people were judging you. And yet, you always sort of came back swinging, sometimes literally.","I love the word no (laughter). Because of the ADD and the dyslexic, I couldn't follow anyone's formula at all. So no to me was the yes that I needed to hear. And I wanted to succeed so I could grow my team and grow my staff as well. And a lot has to do about Boston in general. I wanted to be somebody, you know?I think so.","Barbara Lynch - her book is called \"Out Of Line: A Life Of Playing With Fire. \"Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In this turn, the implied meaning goes beyond the literal meaning of \"never took no for an answer.\" The speaker is highlighting the person's resilience and determination in the face of obstacles. It implies that despite facing rejection or setbacks, the person persisted and fought back, even using physical force if necessary.","questions":"Which word describes the person's attitude towards the word \"no\"?","answer":"Resilience"}
{"text":["Take Darwin, for example. His theory of evolution by natural selection, the key to that theory, the way favorable traits are passed on, it's through genes. The only problem is Darwin did not understand genetics. In fact, his original idea of how inheritance worked would have been discredited. It would have discredited the whole process of evolution.","And it's just one of the fascinating stories in my next guest's book, \"Brilliant Blunders: From Darwin to Einstein. \"Mario Livio is the author. He's also an astrophysicist at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore. Welcome back to SCIENCE FRIDAY, Dr.  Livio.","Thank you for having me, Ira.","All these people made great mistakes."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : having me implies hosting me and where someone is a guest ","questions":"Which verb describes Mario Livio's role in the conversation?","answer":"Author"}
{"text":["And then there's the hurricane season that starts in the Atlantic tomorrow.","Yeah. And of course, hurricanes are changing as the Earth warms. This is sort of the classic, archetypal climate-affected weather system. They're getting larger and wetter. They're dropping more rain. Think Hurricane Harvey in Texas in 2017. Think Hurricane Florence in the Carolinas last year. This year, the Weather Service predicts a normal year. I'm putting that in scare quotes. That means two to four major hurricanes. But it only takes one of those hitting the U. S.  to do a lot of damage, so it all adds up to just an enormous amount of flood danger for a lot of Americans.","That's NPR science reporter Rebecca Hersher. Becky, thank you.","Thanks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Hurricanes are becoming more dangerous due to climate change.","questions":"How are hurricanes changing?","answer":"size"}
{"text":["Well, I think perhaps the most concrete thing here that's been agreed to involves the tariffs that were supposed to take effect on Tuesday. You know, the Trump administration has already put tariffs on a lot of the things that we import from China. They were supposed to go up on Tuesday. That will be suspended. That's the word that was used, but the tariffs that are already in place apparently will remain in place. And there are still additional tariffs that are supposed to take effect in December, and it's not really clear whether they will take effect.","Also, China has agreed to buy more agricultural products from the United States. The president said 40 to $50 billion worth. You know, farmers, of course, have been really hurt by this trade war, and the president has been really anxious to help them out.","The president and his advisers have been clear they wanted a big deal, not something piecemeal. Does this count - phase one of a big deal?","You know, I think it's progress. It means, you know, this is - phase one means there's going to be a phase two and possibly a phase three, which means there's more work to do. I mean, one of - the important thing to point out here is that, apparently, this deal isn't written down on paper yet. That has to be done over, President Trump said, the next three weeks or four weeks or five weeks. And, of course, the devil is always in the details with things like this, in trade talks."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The details will be hard to work out and difficult to deal with.","questions":"What is the challenge with the deal's specifics?","answer":"Difficulty"}
{"text":["What issues do you think he's emphasizing that have helped?","Well, there's no question that I think the number-one issue is economic inequality, the growing gap between rich - and I'm not going to say poor - but the rich and everyone else. It is not a progressive agenda or a conservative agenda to say, we are dealing in this country now with a kind of inequality that threatens the foundations of our society, and that resonates across the political spectrum.","You know, you can't get through a political conversation these days without mentioning Mr.  Trump. And I bring his name up to you because, on Friday, he took out after hedge funds. He's actually been doing that recently. I have a quote. \"The hedge fund guys - they make a fortune; they pay no tax. The hedge fund guys are getting away with murder. \"He sounds a lot more like Bernie Sanders than he does the other Republicans.","Well, you know, Scott, I think that Bernie Sanders is having an effect also on the Republican Party. It's not lost on any of these candidates, you know, not Hillary Clinton and not Donald Trump.","Speaking as a citizen and from your experience and base of influence, do you think Hillary Clinton's use of a private email server while secretary of state - now under inquiry by the Justice Department and the FBI - is a legitimate campaign issue?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"He sounds a lot more like Bernie Sanders than he does the other Republicans\" - This turn uses the phrase \"he sounds like Bernie Sanders\" to mean that Trump's comments on hedge funds align with Sanders' views, which is different from its literal meaning of \"the sound of Trump's voice resembles that of Bernie Sanders.\"","questions":"How did Trump's recent comments on hedge funds align with Bernie Sanders' views according to B?","answer":"Align"}
{"text":["So, I don't how it would go anyway.","You sounded fine to me. But let me ask you, because - in part because Allison is still here with me, and we always talk about this on Friday, these kinds of things. Do you know what you're going to wear?","I do, I do. I'm nominated in the Urban\/Alternative Performance category, and I decided to just go with that. So, I've picked a young designer who is a good friend of mine. Her name is Carmen Webber of Sistahs Harlem, and she was on \"Project Runway,\" actually, and we've been friends for years. She has made me a fantastic jumpsuit for the Grammys. That's all I'm going to say.","OK, OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is not really interested in what A is wearing and is just making small talk.","questions":"What category is PersonA nominated in?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["And eventually the crowd around him - the crowd of press, kind of got a little bigger. And he sort of looked around and said, maybe this is not something I should be laughing about because, you know, we are in a different age.","Mark, I've got to tell you - this is why I watch the Super Bowl, but I can't watch football during the regular season. It is hard for me to look at those talented athletes and think half of them, if not more, are going to wind up being permanently damaged by what I'm watching them do on the field.","I will tell you, Scott, that the National Football League is very worried about the likes of you and people like you, of which there are many, who are taking a more closer moral look at what they're watching. I mean, football, for many years, has been the great spectacle of American life. Every year, it's, like, 70 or 75 of the most watched television shows in America are almost always football games. We love football.","Having said that, there are a lot more people, and it happens every year. And you have research that comes out every week, it seems, and testimonials from retired players and researched brains from dead players that tell us a little bit more. And as we get smarter, I think the league, you know, has to try to keep up with some kind of rule changes and equipment changes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker feels guilty about watching football because of the permanent damage it causes to players' health","questions":"How does the speaker feel about football?","answer":"Love"}
{"text":["So, you're skeptical about a car czar. You think that there should be loans, though, with strict provisions attached to them.","Right, right.","What else?What else needs to be done?I mean, this is a massive, massive problem, and two of the three are facing extinction at this point.","Don't forget, what's putting them in this condition is the economic, you know, the economic condition of the nation right now. But the kind of fixed-cost structure that these auto companies have is massive, massive losses that have to do with what's happening to demand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning.","questions":"How can the meaning of turn 2 be described?","answer":"Literal"}
{"text":["It's very vegetal.","Vegetal.","Yeah.","That's a word?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The actual meaning implied here could be that whatever \"it\" refers to has a strong presence or quality of plant-like characteristics. It might not necessarily mean that \"it\" is literally made of plants or vegetables.","questions":"Which word describes the strong presence or quality of plant-like characteristics in the conversation?","answer":"Vegetal"}
{"text":["So he infected more than his share, and then there was the other fellow at the hotel who infected more than his share.","It really - your book really made me feel a huge debt of gratitude to people who work in the health care industry because it can be really heroic work, and it seems like they put their life on the line in some cases.","Oh absolutely yeah. Some of the people I spent time with, I document, I describe, I tell stories of their field work. I went with some of them to places like a rooftop in Bangladesh in the middle of the night, the roof of a warehouse where a wonderful scientist named Jon Epstein who works for EcoHealth Alliance, was trapping, again, giant fruit bats to look for a disease, a virus called Nipah.","Now this is not the same NEPA that your previous guest referred to, not the National Environmental Policy Act. This is N-I-P-A-H, named after a village in peninsular Malaysia where this virus was first identified. So Jon Epstein is on the roof of a warehouse in Bangladesh in the middle of the night wearing goggles and welder's gloves and a respirator mask, handling these giant fruit bats that he's catching in a mist net, taking them into a provisional lab, drawing blood samples from them, knowing that the virus is probably there somewhere and that it's a very lethal virus."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The virus Nipah is lethal and can be transmitted from fruit bats to humans.","questions":"Which virus was Jon Epstein looking for on the rooftop in Bangladesh?","answer":"Nipah"}
{"text":["So I want to try making now the Syrian version of ful.","OK.","OK, I'm going to grab the red beans.","Helou got this recipe from Haj Abdo (ph), a vendor in Aleppo. All he made was ful and always had a crowd. That's how she first noticed the old man. This was years before a war broke out in Syria. She says his shop and the whole neighborhood is gone now. But back then, locals absolutely raved about his cafe. And while his ful is typically Syrian, it uses the sesame paste called tahini. Abdo had a special technique."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The old man's technique was unique and contributed to the popularity of his cafe.","questions":"What was the name of the vendor in Aleppo?","answer":"Haj-Abdo"}
{"text":["Will you try and legislate in spite of the president instead of with him?I mean, it seems that he is distracting from what the Republican Congress is trying to do.","Oh, absolutely. I think we'll move forward without that. I think that the president can certainly - I mean, it would be helpful, obviously, if the president makes that pivot - and I certainly hope that he does - where he's certainly more deliberate, more thoughtful in his approach - certainly gets off this Twitter stuff (laughter) - where, you know, I think that, as commander in chief - and I've said this before - that the men and women who serve this country in uniform want to see a president focused on the fact that we're a nation at war and not in a Twitter war with Rosie O'Donnell.","And so I think - I hope that this president can self-correct - this presidency can stabilize. But the Congress needs to move forward with policies that matter to the American people. And the president is doing something important right now in having visited Saudi Arabia - and to strengthen our alliance with Saudi Arabia, to counter that Iranian - Syrian, certainly under Assad, and Russia axis of power that is strengthening.","You know, you're talking about Twitter, but there were reports last week that the president disclosed sensitive intelligence information from Israel to Russian diplomats in an Oval Office meeting. You're a veteran. Do you have any concerns about the president's national security judgment, just briefly?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"get off this Twitter stuff\" - figurative meaning, implies that the president should stop using social media as a means of communication and focus on more important issues.","questions":"Which social media platform does the statement suggest the president should stop using?","answer":"Twitter"}
{"text":["Were you surprised by these numbers?","Yeah, these numbers are pretty high, and it is surprising, and I think that on one hand they're sort of real because we've seen this change over the last two decades as the rates have slowly gone up, and on the other hand they're inflated a little bit, probably because of the way they were obtained.","These are - the CDC did a study, which is like polling data. They - it's called the National Representative randomized Cross-sectional Survey. And it's - this particular trial supposedly was done with land line and cell phone telephone surveys of all households who have children.","There was a similar study just published a couple weeks ago that was on autism, which showed the rate of autism was two percent of the population, which is also very high and was discussed just in the same way. But these are epidemiological survey data, and they're worth something. We have other data to show that the numbers are indeed going up."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : none","questions":"What type of data are the numbers based on?","answer":"Epidemiological"}
{"text":["The numbers you've tossed around show you how expensive. People have been able to do experiments. They've found all kinds of really interesting possibly valuable properties, but nothing, no industry is really going to start until they can make enough of this stuff cheaply to use it.","Until now, most of the ways of making it started with this first step: Get some really pure, really expensive chemicals that you're going to mix in and do the next stuff. Huge expense. What Jim Tour down in Houston discovered and showed is that anything that's got carbon in it you can turn into graphene.","And to demonstrate that he meant anything, he did it with Girl Scout cookies. He turned those into graphene. He did it with chocolate. He got some chocolate half-dollar coins. He did it with dog feces from a miniature Dachshund, and he did it with a cockroach leg. And essentially he just got a really big oven, heated it up to about 1,000 degrees C and filled that oven with a little bit of this stuff, the cockroach or the dog feces, whatever, and a sheet of pure copper and a little bit of gas, left it for about 20 minutes, and viola, he'd made little bits of really high-quality graphene.","Wow."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Numbers tossed around implies that they did some calculations for the cost","questions":"Which step did most of the ways of making it start with?","answer":"First"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","I was going to go as Robert Siegel, so that'll be perfect.","Esquire magazine's editor at large A. J. Jacobs. Happy Halloween, A. J.","Thank you. Happy Halloween, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Esquire magazine's editor at large A.J. Jacobs. Happy Halloween, A.J. The literal meaning of this turn is that B is greeting A.J. Jacobs, who is the editor at large of Esquire magazine. However, the implied meaning could be that B is dressed up as A.J. Jacobs for Halloween, suggesting that they are celebrating Halloween in a creative way.","questions":"What magazine does A.J. Jacobs work for?","answer":"Esquire"}
{"text":["But so yeah, so toilet seats and pillowcases are very, very similar. We tend to find more species associated with our mouths on pillowcases and more species associated with feces, with gut microbes, on toilet seats. But in any given house we might or might not be able to distinguish those two. And in general, you know, these places that we sit, that we lay down, they sort of fill with species that fall off of us, you know, biased in one way or another toward a specific part of our body.","But it's kind of this mark we leave on the world everywhere we go, and presumably it's the same on planes, it's the same in our cars.","It sounds like our dogs leave a mark, too.","Yeah, so one of the really interesting things for us was to try to figure out what explains why your house is different from my house, why any house is different from any other house. And there are lots of things that you can imagine might be important, you know, the size of your house, your air conditioner, the number of people in your house, whether you're a vegetarian."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Our bodies leave a mark on everything we touch.","questions":"Which objects are filled with species that fall off of us?","answer":"Places"}
{"text":["Yeah. And that took a lot out of my legs. I was pretty fatigued by the end of the game, and I'm feeling it today.","And do - I bet you are a little tired.","But at - towards the end of the game, where you aware of the record?And where you aware you'd broken it?","I wasn't aware, actually. I think I was just so tired and so focused on scoring the basketball. There's a stretch late in the second half where I think I hit seven or eight consecutive threes, and I knew something special was going on after that."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : If late in the second half he could hit seven or eight consecutive threes and he knew something special was going on after that, then he was definitely aware of the record","questions":"What did PersonA focus on while playing late in the second half?","answer":"Scoring"}
{"text":["They have an obligation to do what I have done my whole life. I came from a family that had nothing. I worked hard all my life. In fact, the way I made my living was representing the kind of people that I grew up with, people who didn't have much of anything, and fighting against very entrenched, powerful corporate interests. And we were able to win and be successful. I did well by doing good. And what we have a responsibility to do is to make sure we don't pull the ladder out from behind us.","That everybody gets - in fact, it's the core reason that I am running for president is to make sure that everybody in this country gets the kind of chances and opportunities that I've had in my life. That's what drives me every single day.","A lot of your supporters mention that you really have a commitment to ending poverty, but could there ever be an America with absolutely no poverty?What would that country even look like?","It would be a country where everybody has real economic opportunity. I mean, is there always going to be a circumstance where somebody could fall into poverty?Of course. I mean, because that's the real world. But if we do the things we need to do, we wouldn't have the kind of systematic, endemic poverty we have in America. I mean, we have 37 million people, which is roughly the population of California, who live in poverty every day in this country. It's not a small number."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In (1), the speaker talks about their life experiences, representing people who didn't have much and fighting against powerful corporate interests. The speaker believes that everyone should have the same opportunities and not have the ladder pulled out from behind them. The implied meaning is that hard work and fighting for justice can lead to success, and that it's important to ensure that everyone has equal opportunities.","questions":"What is the core reason that the speaker is running for president?","answer":"Opportunities"}
{"text":["And, of course, we have bioenergy here, too, and the debates about things like corn ethanol. That's another big contentious issue here in the Midwest. And one where, again, middle grounds might have to be found between groups that are in very different poles on that issue.","And what do you think is the most promising - again, the symbolic areas, those are always going to be difficult. But are there other conversations that could be had that, as you say, skirt the ideology?","Well, it's very interesting. Regardless of, you know, how you think of him politically, the Obama administration has actually done more, may be by accident - or may be on purpose - to think about, to take on climate change than all previous administrations, really, combined. Our CO2 emissions in the United States have gone down pretty dramatically in the last few years, partly because of the recession, of course, but partly because people are retooling and getting more efficient.","The American car fleet is getting lot more efficient. We finally got those CAFE standards going up again, which is fantastic, after about 30 years of going nowhere. And maybe that's a benefit of bailing out Detroit. We could work with them to make cars more efficient, the cars Americans want to buy. We've also - the fracking, moving away from coals, where it's natural gas, has helped a lot, although we have to watch the other aspects of fracking. And also, renewables are beginning to make a bigger and bigger dent in the American electricity supply and other energy supplies."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Efforts are being made to increase the efficiency of American cars and shift towards renewable energy sources","questions":"Which aspect of American energy has seen a significant shift?","answer":"Renewable"}
{"text":["From NPR News, this is NEWS AND NOTES. I'm Tony Cox. We begin today with some important economic news. Last week for the very first time oil jumped past the $100 a barrel mark. Since then prices have dropped but only slightly. And now there's more news of instability in the Middle East with the Turkish incursion into northern Iraq. With Middle Eastern tensions controlling what we pay at the pump, the chance that the cost of oil will continue to rise seems all but inevitable.","But how will rising oil prices affect you, and what can we do about it?Meanwhile, the current economic strain is hitting some people pretty hard. Folks are tapping into those 401(k) nest eggs to pay bills and buy gas and groceries. But is that any way to manage your retirement fund?With me now to talk about oil prices and your 401(k), we've got Author and Economist Julianne Malveaux. She is president of Bennett College. Julianne, nice to talk to you as always.","Always a pleasure, Tony.","Let's begin with this. Folks were waiting for oil to hit that $100 a barrel mark. It came and it went. My question is going to be how you thought folks felt the strain, because I did notice, Julianne, that my gas went up again in the last couple of weeks. Is that why?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Julianne is expressing appreciation for Tony's invitation to the conversation.","questions":"Which character in the dialogue acknowledges Tony's invitation to the conversation?","answer":"Julianne"}
{"text":["O'Rourke. Yeah, let's talk about Beto.","Yeah, Beto O'Rourke. He made a hell yes promise to buy back assault weapons and to push for mandatory buyback of assault weapons. What do you make of this?","That was a dramatic highlight of the debate and grabbed a lot of people, got a lot of mentions. But such moments do not make legislation. Congressional Democrats don't have a clear majority for an assault weapons ban, let alone gun takeaways. They're still hoping for universal background checks or - on people buying guns. But to pass the Republican Senate and actually get enacted, even that much would need the backing of the president and the approval of the federal courts. We are still a long way from meaningful gun measures, despite the carnage we saw from guns in August and so many other recent months and years.","And let's stay in the realm of Congress for this last question, Ron. As of today, where do you assess where Democrats stand on the question of impeachment at the moment?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He made a promise that was stressed by him and gave people the impression he would do it regardless of what happens.","questions":"Which promise was stressed by Beto O'Rourke?","answer":"Promise"}
{"text":["Why?","Because it's like they don't have an agenda. They are just naturally funny.","I see a little boy break a grown man down so bad, one time, in the mall. We was in the sunglass department. The man tried on the sunglasses, he put the glasses on, he looked down at the little boy, he said, how these look?Little boy looked at him, he said, \"They look good, now all you got to do is get your teeth fixed. \"","Kids don't have an agenda. They just say what they see and then old people they just tell the truth. So - so, you know. I live in South Florida. And where I live is a predominantly retirement community. And one day, you know, how the new - the new fashion thing is your bra strap shows. You know, you could wear like a tube top and you have a fashion bra-bra, fashionable bra one. So I'm standing in line at the post office and this old lady taps me on the shoulder, she goes, sweetheart, your bra is showing.","And I look at her like, but it's pink. So I love that. I love people that are like generally funny and just on it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The little boy insulted the man's teeth and the old lady pointed out the bra strap","questions":"How did the little boy insult the man?","answer":"Teeth"}
{"text":["For many people in Hollywood, Weinstein's behavior did not come as a surprise. Rumors had circulated for years, and that gossip network helped warn some women away from him. Anne Helen Petersen is Buzzfeed's culture writer. She argues that gossip has a vital purpose, especially in Hollywood.","You know, I don't think that all gossip is progressive or feminist. You know, gossip is a major way of policing women's behavior. But at the same time, gossip about which men are dangerous, which men you shouldn't go on to lunch alone with - that sort of information is currency that women use to protect one another.","And in this last week, a document surfaced that was essentially a burn book for men in - who work in the media. The contributors are women who work in the industry, and the accusations are anonymous. They're unsubstantiated. The complaints range from rape to being unsupportive of female colleagues. It's a real range, and it puts illegal behavior, in a way, on the same level as dislikable and unfair behavior. So when does gossip become destructive and more about maligning people than really identifying serious abusers?","This is the - you know, with the thing about gossip networks, sometimes called whisper networks, is that the reason that they work is because you know the woman who is saying the thing to you. So I can - when someone says to me, this is what type of guy this is, I can decide what to do with that information based on that woman."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"gossip is a major way of policing women's behavior\" - The actual meaning is not that gossip is used to regulate women's behavior, but rather that it is often used as a tool for spreading information about potentially dangerous men, helping women protect themselves.","questions":"Which behavior does gossip help women protect themselves from?","answer":"Dangerous"}
{"text":["No, no. It definitely can't. And the argument that you sort use is it's just growing too fast, and we're seeing it as it was six billion years ago almost. So if they grew that fast for six billion years, it would be just far too big.","Oh.","So it probably only lasts for a measly 100 million years or so.","Where do you go from here with this work?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) \"it's just growing too fast\" - This phrase is not referring to the physical speed of growth but rather the rate of growth over time.","questions":"Which argument does PersonA sort use?","answer":"grew"}
{"text":["You know, the liveliest speculation game in Washington right now is playing Rexit (ph), guessing the day that Rex Tillerson exits the Cabinet. He was first suggested to Bush - suggested by Bush officials. He was not a Trump crony. And the Bush officials had little use for Trump. And Tillerson was accepted by Trump despite the fact that he had little use for former Bush officials. So this was not a marriage made in heaven. And at the moment, it promises to be a mercifully brief marriage.","Bob Corker of Tennessee Senate, head of the Senate foreign relations committee, said, quote, \"I think Secretary Tillerson, Secretary Mattis and chief of staff Kelly are those people that help separate our country from chaos. \"That is not a ringing endorsement of executive leadership, is it?","No. And the question is, from whence cometh this chaos?Is it something that the president can't protect us from?Or is the chaos, in a sense, the responsibility of this palace guard because it's coming from inside the palace itself?","And president had dinner with military families, called in photographers and said, maybe it's the calm before the storm. And when he was asked why, he said, you'll find out. What do you make of this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is that President Trump had dinner with military families, called in photographers and said that it may be \"the calm before the storm\". When asked why he said \"you'll find out\". The actual meaning of (4) is that President Trump is creating a sense of mystery and suspense, which implies that there may be something major yet to come.","questions":"What is the implication of President Trump's statement during the dinner with military families?","answer":"Major"}
{"text":["Oh, well, there are a lot of asteroids near Jupiter. You know, Jupiter orbits pretty close to the asteroid belt, for one thing. So that's a part of the solar system that's very cluttered with space rocks. And Jupiter ends up being a target for a lot of them because - mainly because it's such a big planet. It has so much gravity. It actually pulls some of these space rocks toward it.","What makes you not believe it was - might have been a comet?","Oh, well, it might have been a comet. The only way to tell the difference between an asteroid and a comet impact is to look at what kind of debris it leaves behind in Jupiter's atmosphere. Now - but the problem is, in this case, astronomers have been watching the impact site - the place where the flash of light occurred - all week long, and they've been looking through debris, but there is none. Now, if you could look at the debris and see what it's made of, you could say, oh, yes. That's material that's characteristic of an asteroid, or in the case of a comet, you know, comets tend to be very watery. And the debris cloud has chemical byproducts of water in it if a comet has hit. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Jupiter being a big planet with lots of gravity attracts space rocks.","questions":"What is the reason for space rocks being attracted to Jupiter?","answer":"Gravity"}
{"text":["Well, I've said for a long time that I think the president needs an assistant to the president for Twitter control. And once again, we have an example of why you would want that. In this case though, I have to say, when I first read the tweet, you know, you're just shocked. I was shocked at the the mayor's speech last night begging for help and saying that people were dying. That was heartbreaking to hear. But this feels to me like it fits in a theme that he has had for a while starting with his inaugural, which is to side on the side of the forgotten people. In this case, he names the military, the first responders and the aid workers.","Yeah. But nobody feels more forgotten than the people of Puerto Rico.","And - yeah. I was gonna say, and the people of Puerto Rico - versus what he sees as the elite, which would be the mayor and questioning the mayor's poor leadership ability - can't get workers to help, was told to be nasty to Donald Trump is in the tweet also. And this fits with his M. O. of going against the elites. And this fits with the rest of the news this week as well. I'm not surprised.","Is the Trump administration failing Puerto Rico now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The president is trying to prioritize the needs of those who have been forgotten by society.","questions":"What does the president prioritize?","answer":"Needs"}
{"text":["It occurred on August 1st, in the late hours of the morning. One Serbian fell, and another (unintelligible) porter fell as well trying to rescue him, and that was the beginning of the fatalities. However, the serac fall, which stranded most of the climbers, didn't occur until quite late in the evening on August 1st.","A serac is a big column of ice, a big sheet of ice. And it fell off the mountain, and that complicated things for a lot of people. What were conditions like?","The weather was completely calm, very cold and clear, which is normal. No wind and as the day began to - as the sun began to rise, the weather was actually better than we could have hoped for. But, of course, things changed. The wind began to pick up the next day as people were stranded, and that complicated the rescue effort.","You were attempting to summit on that day, weren't you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"and that complicated the rescue effort.\" - The implied meaning here is that the wind made the rescue effort more difficult, rather than just causing complications.","questions":"What made the rescue effort more difficult?","answer":"Wind"}
{"text":["What's your greatest regret?","Well, the greatest regret is that we lost the referendum - that I didn't prevail, that we could have fought, perhaps, a better campaign. We could have conducted, perhaps, a better negotiation. Perhaps the timing wasn't right - and that I didn't take the country with me on what I thought was a really important issue. And I resigned because I felt - I didn't fight the referendum as a sort of chairman - on the one hand, on the other hand, you decide. I was wholly on one side of the argument. And so I felt it was right to resign, having lost, because the country needed a new prime minister, a prime minister with a credibility to take us forward and deliver the outcome of the referendum.","But, of course, you know, I will to my dying day wonder whether there was something more we could have done to have secured what I thought was the right outcome, which was to keep Britain in, but to recognize we were, in many ways, the odd one out.","OK."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They will wonder about this at various times for the rest of their life.","questions":"Which verb describes how the person feels about the outcome of the referendum?","answer":"regret"}
{"text":["Before there was \"Gangnam Style,\" the dress or the ice bucket challenge, there were other stories that raced around the country. In the 19th century, newspapers throughout the U. S.  were kind of early aggregators. They just helped themselves to each other's stories, so if something juicy turned up in Boston, it would soon find its way into print in Chicago or Kansas City. That's the finding of researchers at Northeastern University. They used computers to search through those old publications for stories that went - sorry, can't avoid saying it - viral. Ryan Cordell is one of those researchers. He joins from the studios of WBUR in Boston. Thanks for being with us.","I'm glad to be here.","What is the 19th century equivalent of a cat perching on the toilet?","Well, we found quite a few of them; a lot of household hints and stories. One of my favorites is a story that purports to be a young man in church who is wooing a young lady by circling passages in the Bible and handing them to her and that they're married a year later as the story says at the end."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"cat perching on the toilet\" - refers to a popular internet meme, but in this context, it's asking for an equivalent popular phenomenon in the 19th century, so the literal meaning of a cat perching on a toilet is not intended.","questions":"Which popular internet meme is referred to as the 19th century equivalent of a cat perching on the toilet?","answer":"Fear"}
{"text":["Yeah.","That's unbelievable and 27 of them three-pointers.","Yeah.","That's fantastic. As you looked around, though, people might say, don't your teammates get a little jealous?Might they want to take a shot every once in a while?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Take a shot means have a try in this context, not actually shoot someone","questions":"What does \"take a shot\" mean in this context?","answer":"Mean"}
{"text":["But well. . .","If you go through the list of Obama people, the top four, five, six people had not just worked in presidential campaigns before, but they worked in that critical area which gets very little attention, but is absolutely essential, and that's called field operations. It means going into states, setting up shop, organizing, getting people door knocking, getting people calling and getting delegate victories.","These people knew how to win campaigns on a local level. Importantly, very significant figures had a lot of experience in Iowa. He set his sights on winning Iowa very early.","What I found fascinating in doing this reporting is that both campaigns had the same Plan A. The Plan A was, win the first four states, attain a political victory, and not be out of personnel."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"But well...\" - This is an expression that doesn't have a literal meaning. It is an interjection that is often used to indicate hesitation, a change of subject, or a transition in conversation.","questions":"Which interjection is often used to indicate hesitation, a change of subject, or a transition in conversation?","answer":"Interject"}
{"text":["So to set the stage for this, the Democrat at the head of the House Intelligence Committee says that Joseph Maguire - now, he's the acting director of national intelligence - says that he's been instructed by a higher authority to not turn over the complaint. In your view, is that valid?","Well, under the statute, it is not. But the question then becomes, what is the proper role of the IG?And is the IG simply a free agent within the executive branch of the government, responsible to no one?- which would be a strange situation.","So what I'm telling you, Audie, is that this issue, if pushed to the limit - which it looks like it's going to be - raises the question of whether the - there's a separation of powers issue here. The IG has to be something other than a free agent. He was put in place under a statute designed to assist the Congress in its oversight role, but he's not a congressional employee. He's not a congressional - he's not a legislative employee.","But he is a watchdog, no?And should that. . .","He's a watchdog."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They are asking if the person watches over other's actions and controls them.","questions":"Which term describes the person being discussed in turn 3?","answer":"Watchdog"}
{"text":["Well, I think the principal thing is to mention the new courtroom, which I visited for the first time yesterday. The audience sits in a glassed-in room 80 feet from where the judge and the screen is for displayed evidence. And the glassed-in room is completely isolated and there's an audio delay. I've never seen anything quite like this except for the Navy Seals' trials around the death of a detainee in Iraq. But there's a lot of secrecy involved in this, and it's not quite as public a war-crime trial as you might expect.","Closing arguments scheduled for Monday. We'll hear more from you next week. NPR's John McChesney in Guantanamo, Cuba. Thanks, John.","You bet.","Marketplace just ahead on Day to Day."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of B's statement is that the radio program \"Marketplace\" will be airing soon. The implied meaning could be that B is transitioning to a different topic or segment of the radio program, or that the program has come to an end.","questions":"Which program is PersonB referring to in their statement?","answer":"Marketplace"}
{"text":["What would be a - and forgive the pun - what would be the holy grail for an Indiana Jones like you?What would be the ultimate?","Well, that would be to go right back to the beginning, you know, to do like a dino brew, you know, sort of a Garden of Eden type of beverage, I guess. And unfortunately in the Paleolithic period, the containers get destroyed. They were probably made out of leather, wood or whatever. So we don't have remnants of any containers from the Paleolithic period.","And that's important because once you have a container like pottery, made of pottery, the liquids get absorbed into that, and it helps to retain the ancient organic materials until the biomolecular archeologists like us comes along thousands of years later.","Do you have any bets of where the cradle of civilization for wine and beer originates?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Holy Grail and Indiana Jones are not literal. The reference implies that A is searching for something incredibly important.","questions":"Which term describes what PersonA is searching for?","answer":"Ultimate"}
{"text":["Do you feel confident that a vaccine could essentially contain the outbreak?","We are confident that the vaccination is a good complementary measure. So by the time we started the vaccination, we already had a number of cholera cases. What we are trying to prevent is an outbreak of huge proportions that would essentially make our entire health system collapse completely.","Dr.  Ilesh Jani is director general of Mozambique's National Institute of Health. Thank you for speaking with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone","questions":"What does \"having\" imply in turn 3?","answer":"Engaging"}
{"text":["Oh, the case is certainly not closed. Don't forget. You have the inspector general that will be issuing the report very soon on the whole origin of this claim backed up by the Steele dossier that the president was colluding with the Russians. We now know the Steele dossier was a complete fabrication.","We should note Mueller declined to take questions on that today, so we didn't get any light shed on that today. Go on.","Correct. And right behind that, we have the U. S.  attorney's office investigating misconduct in both the intelligence and justice agencies. And we expected that to come out. And it has to because this is the use of the most powerful agencies in the federal government. And if, as is now becoming apparent, they were being used not by the Russian government but by the American government first to influence the 2016 election - and having failed that, to then undermine the duly elected president - that is a major development in American history. And we have to get on top of it.","Republican Congressman Tom McClintock of California - Congressman, thanks so much.","My pleasure. Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : case closed meaning sufficiently looked into and dismissed","questions":"Which event did Mueller decline to answer questions about today?","answer":"Origin"}
{"text":["And then I decided to come out. Now it's been going on several hours. I'm several streets away from the Champs-Elysees, Scott, but the people - it's like it's the second revolution coming because people are turning over - they're building barricades in the street. We're still - we've got helicopters overhead. They're still firing tear gas. And everyone around me is wearing a yellow vest.","Now, fuel prices have gone up - I have read, I think - 23 percent over the past year. And protesters blame the government for this.","Well, the government - the French pay some of the highest gas prices in the world, like, about more than $6 a gallon, Scott. And the government says it's going to raise the taxes again in January to finance the transition to an ecological economy - you know, more environmentally friendly fuels.","And, you know, for people who have to drive to work - blue-collar workers, just everyday people - this is outrageous. They say they can't make it anymore, so they've come out into the street. And, Scott, this movement has no leaders. There are no unions behind it. There are housewives. There are retirees - regular people. There are people who have never protested before. So it's turned into a movement. No one knows where it's going to go now."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The unemployment rate is expected to rise to 8 percent, which is a significant increase.","questions":"Which percentage has risen by 23 percent and is blamed by protesters?","answer":"23"}
{"text":["I don't even want to repeat them. They were so unfair. They were essentially stigmatizing him, someone that we consider very naturally for good reasons as to be highly, highly unacceptable such as anti-Semitism. And I think the arguments that were made by some of the people who attacked him were essentially based on that. That was really scandalous. And I'm pleased to see that the majority of the Jewish community, which is moderate and decent, doesn't identify itself with this.","Nevertheless, there are legitimate questions to be asked, and you raised several of them yourself, about, well, how they should think about the possibility of a strike on Iran. I have to say, in recent weeks, the alarm bells have quieted a bit. You quoted, though, some in the Israeli media as quoting a former national security council member of the Obama team, saying there could be an American strike on Iran by the middle of this year.","That's correct. There has been talk to that effect. And I suspect, and rather expect, that these issues will come up in the course of the discussion. But in any case, the people that he's choosing to serve him are people with the experience, with a strategic perspective. But ultimately, he, the president, will be the decision-maker.","So I don't think that one has to expect that everyone chosen by him has to agree in every respect with every single aspect of the past policies that we have had, that he wants people who can think independently and give an independent advice, which he will then accept or reject, as president - as commander in chief."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Arguments that were made by some of the people who attacked him - attacked does not mean physically attacked. It means hurt with words. ","questions":"Which word describes how the person was stigmatized by some people?","answer":"Scandalous"}
{"text":["Syria continues to suffer. Russia now mounts military strikes against the Islamic State that also help shore up the regime of Bashar al-Assad, whom they support and whom the U. S.  says must leave. President Obama says there's no meeting of the minds. Niall Ferguson, the historian, has been critical of what he considers the president's lack of policy. Professor Ferguson joins us from the studios at Harvard. Thanks so much for being with us.","My pleasure.","You write the great flaw you see in President Obama's Syria strategy has been, I'll quote, \"his insistence that the only alternative to doing next to nothing was all out invasion. \"What alternatives do you think he's missing?","Initially, it was a relatively straightforward proposition that the United States should give military assistance to the opposition, to Assad, the free Syrian army. And that was something the president resisted. And the last throw of the president's dice came this year when he was offered by the Russian president, Vladimir Putin, the option to cooperate against Islamic State. And the president essentially said no to that. I think it's fair to say that the president has divert (ph) - I put it this way - that he was playing solitaire while everybody else was playing chess. And unfortunately it's now much, much more difficult to intervene effectively than it was at the outset of the Syrian Civil War."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Niall Ferguson believes that President Obama has missed out on many opportunities to address the situation in Syria, such as providing military assistance to the opposition or cooperating with Russia.","questions":"How did Niall Ferguson criticize President Obama's Syria strategy?","answer":"Insistence"}
{"text":["Well, this is really interesting. They say they've found evidence that the Sacklers were trying to conceal their wealth in order to avoid paying an appropriate settlement. This is something we've heard even from sources who support the deal on the table, the idea that the Sacklers have worked strategically over the years to drain money out of Purdue Pharma and position those assets all over the world to make them harder to seize. In a statement, Letitia James accused the Sacklers of lowballing victims to skirt a responsible settlement while trying to shield their financial misconduct.","The Sacklers say James and other attorneys general are on a fishing expedition with these suits. They've countersued to squash the investigation. And they also say they're making a good-faith effort now to settle all these lawsuits.","Brian, you cover opioid litigation for NPR. More than 218,000 Americans have died from prescription opioid overdoses. What do you see as the likelihood of communities and families actually getting money or some kind of compensation?","Yeah. I think it's unlikely that it will happen anytime soon, Scott. The legal fight is happening on a lot of fronts right now, so that's going to slow things down. Ohio - just let me give you one example. They've already received tens of millions of dollars in compensation from other drug companies that sold opioid medications and settlements. But because of a legal fight there, none of that money can be spent helping people. It's just sitting in a bank account. And as the money amounts grow here, up into the billions now, the legal fight over who gets all of this cash will likely grow, too."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They say the attorneys general is looking for information and they want to put a stop to it.","questions":"How do the Sacklers view the lawsuits filed by attorneys general?","answer":"Suits"}
{"text":["You did it.","Yeah, but I didn't realize the difficulty of doing that because you're not supposed to play the trumpet like that. I need(ph) getting with these saxophone players. I wanted to play like them, so.","You know, 1964, you were like - you were hot, you were on fire. What was it like at that time to be Freddie Hubbard the star, the headliner?","You know, I was there, and I was in a competition - not - you know, a competition with Lee Morgan(ph) and Bill Holland(ph) and Donald Barry(ph), all these guys were there, and it was a test. I mean, every time you played, you were being watched and people compared you with - look at little Lee Morgan. So that competition kind of kept me going, you know. I mean, they made me strive to play better than I would normally."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person was not on fire but he was playing very well and getting a lot of fame and jobs because of this.","questions":"How was Freddie Hubbard in 1964?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["A friend offered this thesis, and I wanted to test it on you. One never before factor in the financial meltdown, is the information revolution. We all know so much, so quickly online, that the surge of bad news begets more bad news, because we don't ever have time to digest it. What do you think of that?","I'm sure that's true. I'm sure that a lot of people who spent a lot of time online as I sometimes do, feels sort of inundated with bad news, and often see that they just want to step away from the computer monitor, lest it sort of reach out and bite them. I think it's probably also, though, possible to overstate the difference between this and earlier times.","Well, how is that?","If you think about the Great Depression, let's say for example like - as everyone is nowadays, during the Great Depression, you also had instantaneous forms of communication. You had the telephone and most notably, you have the telegraph, and I think most people have probably seen pictures or motion pictures with ticker tapes and giving sort of instantaneous stock reports."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The constant stream of bad news online contributed to the financial crisis.","questions":"How did the surge of bad news affect the financial crisis?","answer":"contribute"}
{"text":["It was. So Apple's lawyers were incredibly practiced and very eloquent. They told a very compelling story for their case, and they told it in terms that were very easy for the jurors to understand. They had lots of well-done slides and pictures illustrating their points, and when they finished speaking, you were convinced that they were in the right.","Samsung, on the other hand, they were - they came across as being defensive a lot of the time and kind of brash sometimes. And their case was also a lot more complicated and involved much more technical terms, and so I think that might have been much harder for jurors to understand.","And so what - what exactly did the jury find?They sort of had a mixed bag of things.","Right, so they found patent infringement for a whole host of Apple's intellectual property in the case. They found 28 cases of infringement for some of the smartphones involved. They upheld Apple's patents on iPhone and iPad design, and now Apple is seeking injunction against eight of those 28 smartphones that were found to be violating Apple's intellectual property."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Samsung's lawyers were not as good as Apple's lawyers","questions":"What company's intellectual property was found to be infringed upon in the case?","answer":"Apple"}
{"text":["Sam, in this book, you're telling the story of the Assad family, but you're also telling the story of another Syrian family. Tell me about this lost family and their relationship with the Assads.","The relationship goes all the way back to the early '50s when Mustafa Tlass and Hafez al-Assad were in their early 20s. They were cadets at the Homs Military Academy. And they basically rose up together to the pinnacle of power until - you know, Mustafa Tlass was up by Hafez's side all the way through. I mean, he was willing to kill for him by his own admission in his own memoirs. He played a crucial role in the passing of power from Hafez to Bashar.","So you have these two men, Hafez and Mustafa. And then they both have sons. And their sons are Bashar al-Assad and Manaf Tlass. Tell me about the relationship between those two men.","So Hafez al-Assad had four sons and one daughter, and the eldest was Bassel, and he was the one being groomed to take over power from his father, but he died in a car crash. So Bashar was summoned to Damascus to basically fill Bassel's shoes. I mean, initially, members of the family, even Bashar's own sister, felt he was hopeless. You know, Bashar was not equipped to inherit power."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mustafa Tlass was loyal to Hafez al-Assad and helped him gain power.","questions":"How did Mustafa Tlass contribute to Hafez al-Assad's rise to power?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["Well, what happened on Tuesday was very interesting. During the day on Tuesday, there was a very small protest. They were in the middle of central Baghdad in Tahrir Square. They were very quickly dispersed by the Iraqi security forces, but then a call went out on social media from people's individual accounts to say, let's go back to the square at 3 o'clock. And the numbers surprised everybody. There were thousands of people in the square who reacted to that, and they all had one real message to the government. That was to end corruption and provide jobs and opportunity.","The government were completely surprised by this, and they sent in the Iraqi army and the police with very heavy-handed tactics. They used live fire. They used tear gas. They used rubber-coated steel bullets. Now, there were a number of deaths that day, and then the protests spread to other parts of the country.","So whatever had happened, it struck a chord with very young people. Now, the median age of the protesters, as far as I can work out, is about 20 years old. These are people who don't remember Saddam Hussein, who, you know, barely remember the U. S. -led occupation of Iraq. What they do remember is the last 10 years and the opportunities that have not been given to them.","And as you have been moving around the streets, reporting, trying to talk to them, what specifically do they tell you that they want?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The tactics used were very dangerous and deadly to the protestors.","questions":"What was the result of the government's response to the protest?","answer":"Result"}
{"text":["(Singing) I've got a question When you open your eyes And you see the Sunrise Are you strengthened?","'Cause the tear in your eye Is like a sad song Or a sweet lullaby Like the birds in the sky","Is it alright?Where has the love gone?Hold on. So I left my worries in the sand","Let's talk through some of the songs on your album. You're working with Victor Redwood Sawyerr."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Asking if the sunrise makes you feel stronger emotionally, not physically.","questions":"What is the emotional impact of the sunrise according to turn 0?","answer":"strengthened"}
{"text":["Yes.",". . . Origins of the book.","So the seeds of this book really were planted within me 18 years ago. I've been carrying them and nurturing them for a very long time. In 2001, I was a young, queer immigrant woman here in the United States, and I was really urgently seeking a deeper understanding of my own country of origin, Uruguay, and how it connects to queer truths and histories.","I was going through my own personal moment where my parents were disowning me and saying that I couldn't be both gay and Uruguayan at the same time. In Uruguay, it is true that, you know, 20 years ago, queer voices were much less visible. I mean, in all of my research of the dictatorship history, the queer stories are simply not recorded."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The seeds of the book are the words of the story that she read that she remembered.","questions":"What was the young woman's country of origin?","answer":"Uruguay"}
{"text":["Let's get back to the news organizations who weren't permitted in this briefing. Now, I gather this kind of briefing is called a gaggle. What happened?","That's right.","Were you there?What did you see?","Well, what happened is instead of the daily on-camera briefing, Sean Spicer called a gaggle so he could talk to the pool. That's the small group of reporters that go places where the entire press corps can't fit. And then they share their transcripts and their notes with everyone else in the press corps. The White House said this gaggle would have an extended pool. And turns out they invited some additional organizations, but they pointedly excluded others like CNN, The New York Times, Politico. NPR was not there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Were you there? What did you see?: Implied meaning: Did you witness what happened?","questions":"What is the name of the briefing that Sean Spicer called instead of the daily on-camera briefing?","answer":"Gaggle"}
{"text":["Well, I am, and I have been watching it this morning. There's video of water rolling over the top of a levee.","That's Industrial Canal in New Orleans.","That's right. Still, wouldn't that make you a little anxious?","Well, it would, but our reporting systems we have, we have monitoring systems throughout the parish on our levees, on our drainage canals, on our pumping stations. Right now all of them are reporting well below flood stages."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The situation is concerning enough that it could make someone anxious, despite the monitoring systems in place.","questions":"How would you describe the situation despite the monitoring systems' presence?","answer":"Concerning"}
{"text":["Well, there's no secret about this. The chief justice has been very clear. He doesn't want the court to be seen as a partisan institution. The other members of the court, both liberal and conservative, go around saying that this isn't a partisan institution at all. That's the message they want to convey, which is sort of hard at the moment.","But is that possible in this day and age, when we know by their - in their own account, conservative Republicans have tried to win elections so they can win Supreme Court appointments and you have several Democrats running for president now on the issue of enlarging the court?","You know, I wish I knew whether it's even possible anymore to have a Supreme Court that doesn't look partisan. I had always thought you really could. But if you look at the two cases before the court that are overtly partisan, the gerrymandering case and the census case, both would structurally allow Republicans to entrench their power even more than they have in the last decade or two. And I think it gets harder to sell the court as an apolitical institution, which is, as I said, what every member of the Supreme Court still tries to do.","You know, I interviewed Justice Stevens about a month and a half ago for a piece about his new book. And even he, a lifetime Republican, although deemed a Liberal on the court, appointed by President Ford, said it was hard for him to see the current court as apolitical. He said he still has hope, and so do I, but it's difficult."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's getting harder to make people believe that the Supreme Court is not political.","questions":"Which court is getting harder to sell as an apolitical institution?","answer":"Supreme"}
{"text":["When you look at what the U. S.  walks away from this summit with, was it a success from the U. S.  point of view?","Well, the one thing - yes, obviously the president, I think, was happy. The president was happy to have been celebrated in the way he was celebrated. Clearly he repeated the mantra of, you know, this imperial visit was the first and most important thing in 200 years.","But I think it's also true that on Iran, they may have gotten a little bit of assistance from Mr.  Abe. He offered to mediate. He's going to be visiting in Iran. And Mr.  Abe and Mr.  Trump both said nobody wanted war; nobody wanted rising conflict. And that may be helpful to the president, who has tried to put the damper just a little bit on the kind of drumbeat that looks like the United States and Iran could end up in a military conflict.","That's Sheila Smith of the Council on Foreign Relations. She's also author of the book \"Japan Rearmed. \"Sheila Smith, thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president was satisfied with how he was perceived.","questions":"Which person was celebrated in the way he was celebrated?","answer":"President"}
{"text":["Well, the Central Intelligence Agency was and, you know, theoretically they also were under the control of the mission. But that's - again, and that's why the senior agency thing becomes so muddled, were they or were they not, and also that special operations team, I don't think, was a working for the CIA. I think they were, you know, DOD asset that obviously was operating in support of the mission there on the ground. So who was in-charge remains a question. Obviously, the deputy from his testimony didn't think he had the power to do that, nor was the special operations commander on the ground able to take independent action apparently without going back to D. C.","And. . .","So that really raises some questions that we really ought to get to before the next one of these things pops up.","There was also confusion. Ordinarily there would have been military aircraft - Air Force planes on call on behalf of the - to support operations, if the mission called, but they were too far away."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"raises some questions\" means that there are more questions out there that need to be answered.","questions":"How does turn 2 suggest the PersonA's attitude towards the situation?","answer":"Concerned"}
{"text":["Four. Four. We have two children.","You're a fam of four. And you are in the hospital, all four of you?","Were in the hospital, yes.","So what do you plan to do when the storm stops?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A has two children and B is confirming the family size, but also asking if they are all in the hospital together.","questions":"What is PersonB asking about the family's location?","answer":"Location"}
{"text":["But any discussion of regulating it?","Yeah, absolutely. And in fact, the organizer did bring in a bunch of bioethicists to attend this meeting to really remind people of the concerns people have about this. And for example, one of the bioethicists got up in the opening stages of the meeting to remind people that this is the 200th anniversary of the publication of Mary Shelley's \"Frankenstein,\" and people could sort of draw a connection between these two events in their minds. And so they had to be really careful. They had to be really transparent to make sure that society has an open debate about this sort of thing before it gets too far down the road.","All right, Rob Stein, NPR Health correspondent, thanks so much.","Oh, sure. Great being here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn (2) contains an example of figurative language, where the connection between the publication of Mary Shelley's \"Frankenstein\" and the discussion about regulating a particular technology is symbolic rather than literal. The bioethicist is using the reference to \"Frankenstein\" to illustrate the potential dangers of unbridled scientific progress, rather than making a direct comparison between the two events.","questions":"What literary reference does the bioethicist make in the meeting?","answer":"Frankenstein"}
{"text":["When you hear the Spanish word quinceanera, you might think of poufy, pink dresses, big, boisterous family parties and a traditional rite of passage for 15-year-old Latina girls. A new HBO documentary series takes us inside the modern quinceanera. There are profiles of an East LA teen boxer. OK, so she does wear a pink, poufy dress, albeit with boxing gloves. There's also a rodeo duo and a transgender coming-of-age story. One of the girls whose quince was featured in the HBO series, \"15: A Quinceanera Story,\" joins us now from Fort Myers, Fla.  She's Rosi Alvarez.","Welcome.","Hi.","Hi. And we also have the filmmaker and director Matthew O'Neill on the line from New York."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The documentary series goes beyond traditional quinceaneras with different stories.","questions":"Which word describes the type of stories featured in the HBO documentary series about quinceaneras?","answer":"Different"}
{"text":["Yes. There are tens of thousands of North Koreans who are hiding in China today. At the peak in the late '90s, early 2000s, there were more than half a million. But in - about 25,000 have made it safely to South Korea where they're living today. And about 140, 150 have come to the United States, and there have been several hundred who've gone to Europe.","And this underground railroad, obviously the phrase we associate with escaped slaves from the South before the Civil War, but the analogy, you say, is apt.","The analogy is very similar. It's a secret network of safe houses and routes - secret routes across the country. It's staffed. It's operated mostly by Christians, similar to the original Underground Railroad, though there are also people who are in it for the money who are involved - brokers and human traffickers. And many of the people who help the North Koreans in China are ethnically Korean. That is they're Korean-Chinese or they're South Korean or there are - they are Americans who are of Korean heritage. I interviewed a number of the rescuers, and their stories are incredibly inspiring. Especially in this Christmas season, you think about these are people who are living their faith by going to a hostile country to help, and helping people that nobody else in the world is prepared to help.","And it's interesting. You tell the story of one of them: Adrian Hong."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The people involved in the rescue are risking their lives to help refugees based on their faith and compassion.","questions":"What kind of people are mostly involved in operating the underground railroad for North Korean refugees in China?","answer":"Christians"}
{"text":["And there is a correlation between dogfighting rings and other crimes, perhaps?","Oh, my God, yes. You know, if you've got dogfighting and gambling, you got just about any type of crime that goes with it. It - and that's what people are more aware of.","What is the line, as research has established it, between people who abuse animals and violence against other human beings?","Well, the research is very clear. And it's been there for a long time, as I said earlier. Law enforcement just hasn't got it yet, even though some have. Some agencies do a very good job. It's growing. If you look back at Son of Sam and Dahmer and. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The turn has a literal meaning, but it also contains two cultural references. \"Son of Sam\" refers to David Berkowitz, a notorious serial killer who terrorized New York City in the 1970s. \"Dahmer\" refers to Jeffrey Dahmer, another infamous serial killer who murdered at least 17 young men and boys in the 1980s and early 1990s. The references serve to illustrate the link between animal cruelty and violence against humans, which has been established through research.","questions":"How are \"Son of Sam\" and \"Dahmer\" culturally significant in the context of the dialogue?","answer":"Link"}
{"text":["Yes.","They got very close.","Yeah. They got way too close. It would've been an absolute disaster, politically, politically - never mind anything else - for Mr.  Lincoln if the Confederates had just marched into Washington, you know, burned Washington. And that could have very easily had happened. Grant would have been disgraced. Lincoln might have lost the election in November because this would be such an embarrassment, psychological impact would've been incalculable.","I want to talk about Lincoln and I think that there's a monument up there to Lincoln's role in this battle."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn (4): \"I want to talk about Lincoln and I think that there's a monument up there to Lincoln's role in this battle\" - The literal meaning is that the speaker wants to discuss a monument related to Lincoln's role in a battle. However, the actual meaning could be that the speaker wants to discuss Lincoln's role in the battle itself, rather than just the monument.","questions":"How did the speaker want to discuss Lincoln's role?","answer":"Monument"}
{"text":["Yeah.","And so - especially in the 24\/7 cable environment, where you're desperate for eyeballs, you know, which would you rather see, somebody who's methodically and deliberately laying out the science of climate change or two people yelling at each other and getting. . .","Yeah.",". . . into a fight. So unfortunately, the media itself has some structural issues that make it harder to have a reasonable conversation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) implies that the media environment is desperate for viewers, and so it chooses to show people yelling at each other instead of presenting the science of climate change in an informative way.","questions":"How does the media prioritize content in a 24\/7 cable environment?","answer":"Eyeballs"}
{"text":["There is some. The question is whether what they see in their internal polls, the surveys they're doing every night in the 14 battleground states, whether what they're seeing is just a little glimmer or a hope that will sort of fade away, or whether it's kind of the beginning traction of perhaps a long shot, but perhaps a strategy that might actually pay off for Senator McCain.","You write about Senator McCain's pollster, a guy named Bill McInturff, who I gather is quite well regarded in the polling industry, and he's been sending out memos saying, I actually think things are getting better. There's also a new poll today, Mason-Dickson-NBC, on specifically Pennsylvania, and it finds the numbers there narrowing down to about a four-point lead for Senator Obama.","Well, that's exactly right. Bill McInturff has been, as some McCain aides described it over the course of his campaign, a bit of a wet blanket at times. When they thought things were going well, he would say, well, you know, the numbers are showing some weakness here.","But yet, in the last four or five days, it's kind of reversed. They've gotten emails in the morning that as delivers his reports from the previous day's survey, they've got good news in them. You know, women who make less than $60,000 are moving towards McCain. Men with some college education are moving towards him. And they're doing it in these battleground states."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : battleground implies a place of contests and difficulties","questions":"How does the term \"battleground\" relate to the challenges faced by the candidates?","answer":"challenges"}
{"text":["So, overall, I'm immensely proud of my team for what we were able to accomplish. We didn't have some major university backing us or major corporation backing us. We had two launches, and unfortunately neither one made it, but we got very, very close.","What went wrong?","We had a successful first stage burn. And unfortunately, seconds into the second stage burn, the vehicle spiraled out of control and basically disintegrated.","So, again, you're all college students, but nobody is getting paid. Nobody's getting college credit for this.","That's right. We're investing thousands of hours completely voluntarily."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"but nobody is getting paid.Nobody's getting college credit for this\" is a turn whose actual meaning is the same as its literal meaning. It means that the team members are not receiving any financial compensation or academic credits for their work on the project.","questions":"Which turn describes the lack of financial and academic compensation for the team members?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["Men are more likely to use alone; women more likely to use with a partner. When you use alone and fentanyl is present - since it kills people so quickly - it can stop breathing in less than a minute - it's very dangerous when you're alone.","So if you're with someone else, at least there's the chance that someone might call 911.","Or use Narcan, or naloxone, the drug that reverses the opioid - the overdose themselves, yes.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Men are more likely to engage in dangerous drug use without help from another person.","questions":"How are men more likely to use drugs without help?","answer":"Alone"}
{"text":["Like what?","Well, one of the first that we did was a tomb that the University of Pennsylvania museum excavated in central Turkey, which is believed to be either the tomb of Midas or his father, Gordias, west of Ankara. And it was done by the museum back in 1957 and had one of the largest Iron Age drinking sets in it that the excavators had the foresight to bring the residues in the drinking set back here to Philadelphia.","And it was one of the easiest excavations I was ever on. I just had to walk up two flights of stairs, gather up the residues, and then we started doing our analysis.","So you take the dregs, so to speak, out of the amphora - the jugs, and you bring it back to the lab, and. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : You take the unimportant things out of something beautiful and bring them to the lab.","questions":"Which item did they bring back to the lab?","answer":"Residues"}
{"text":["Why, over really a period of 25 years or so, have there been so many misadventures?How do you explain, for example, Iraq?How do you explain the lack of progress after so many years in Afghanistan?Why was the Libyan intervention unsuccessful?And I think the conclusion is is that the United States has focused more since the end of the Cold War not so much on defending against external threats but focusing more on the internal governance of foreign countries and trying to change it.","So rather than maintaining a strong defense in protecting our national interests, we've tended to promote democracy in other countries, we've engaged in nation-building exercises, we've engaged in regime change. And in most of those cases, we've been unsuccessful.","You were the U. S.  ambassador to Germany. Does the United States have - and you know the history - does the United States have no interest in preventing genocide and mass slaughter around the world?","I think genocide is probably the one case where we do have a responsibility. I mean, if it's real genocide and people are - there is mass murder, then I think we have a moral duty to intervene. But the problem is is that how you define that moral duty when it's not clearly genocide, when there's injustice, when there's discrimination, when, for instance, the young girls in Afghanistan can't go to school, that is not genocide."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Does the US have a responsibility to intervene in cases of genocide and mass slaughter?","questions":"Which case does the speaker believe is an exception to the United States' lack of success in promoting democracy in other countries?","answer":"Genocide"}
{"text":["Right.","It was, it's poignant because of Lisa \"Left Eye\" Lopez having passed away.","Definitely. And SWV and En Vogue, it was just yeah, that I thought, that was really good. I mean, where else could you see that but the BET Awards?","Yeah, it was, I mean I thought the staging was pretty amazing.","Definitely. Definitely."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The performance was emotional due to the death of Lisa Left Eye Lopez.","questions":"What made the performance poignant?","answer":"Death"}
{"text":["Correct.","And that's the idea?","That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.","Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implies a question as to whether the idea presented is correct.","questions":"What did PersonB ask about the idea presented?","answer":"Correct"}
{"text":["The census is required by the Constitution and federal law. There's really no wiggle room here. Trump did sign this executive order directing all agencies to provide the Commerce Department with U. S.  citizenship and noncitizenship data of everyone living in the U. S. The thing is, though, that that data collection was already under way, or at least some of it was. So it's not clear what this executive order is really achieving.","House voted to limit the president's authority to use the military to strike Iran. What's the significance of that vote?","So this defense bill was really aimed at reining in the president's power to use military force against Iran without approval from Congress. This has been an issue not only with this president, but, obviously, with prior administrations - the question of when a president must get permission to take military action. And Democrats in the House are trying to take some of that authority back and give it back to Congress. Obviously, Trump was on his - very close to striking Iran, according to him, a few weeks ago.","But although the bill passed the House, it did so along party lines, and it's going to have a much harder time in the Senate. You're likely going to see some compromise have to be made for this bill to become law."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Democrats are trying to limit the President's power to take military action without approval from Congress.","questions":"Which bill passed the House along party lines?","answer":"Defense"}
{"text":["I think that the idea of business is that we'd like to serve customers around the world with the capabilities and technologies that we have. But we understand that countries operate differently. They have different political structures. They have different economic priorities. That's just the way the world is, and it's - I think it's always going to be to some degree. What we think is that business can help keep the world a more peaceful place and a more prosperous place. We have a really critical role in keeping the engagement between nations constructive, to make sure that nations talk to each other and feel mutually dependent.","Tom Linebarger is the CEO of Cummins Inc, an Indiana-based company that manufactures diesel engines.","Thanks very much for joining us today.","It was a pleasure speaking with you, Ailsa. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Business can promote peace and prosperity between nations despite their differences.","questions":"Which concept does turn 0 address?","answer":"peace"}
{"text":["For people who can't see it, can you describe what things look like right now and some - the actions the Corps is taking on a daily basis to address it?","You know, sometimes it is hard to describe. You know, you're driving down roads that were normally - there might be 50 or a hundred yards to the river. Suddenly, the river is, you know, 10 or 15 yards from where your car is or, you know, where you typically are running for physical training is now underwater.","And in terms of the levees themselves, when you walk the levees, you know, typically, where the water might be 20, 25 feet away from the top of the levee, maybe now it's within five or six feet. So when you see what, you know, a couple hundred thousand cubic feet per second of water looks like rolling down the Arkansas River and it's within feet of the bridges, whether they're pedestrian or vehicular, you know, sometime there used to be 20 feet of clearance, it's pretty awe-inspiring.","What are you doing to shore up the levees themselves?And are you inviting residents to help?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The scale of the flooding is massive and poses a serious threat to infrastructure and public safety.","questions":"How close is the water to the top of the levees?","answer":"Within"}
{"text":["Yeah. Marianne really is a kind of civilian commander, (laughter) in all ways, of this group, isn't she?","Yeah. In the preface of the book, we see the resisters originally coming together and starting to think of conspiring. And in the context of that, Marianne offers to be the commander of widows and orphans, should it come to that. And it's sort of an offer she makes somewhat in jest. It doesn't feel real at that time - that it could get to that level. But then in the end, her own words come back to haunt her. And that's what inspires her to bring the other two together and to keep searching for others, as well.","I want to be careful with historical analogies because Nazi Germany is the precedent that people - it seems of all political stripes - cite as the nightmare we want to avoid. But what about readers who see parallels between the 1930s Germany in your book and in history and anything we're living through today.","I think, for me, what I felt was really relevant when I was writing this book was the question of - what did ordinary Germans, the people whose lives sort of touched very peripherally on the darkness experienced during that time - and how did they let this happen?How did they either not see it or blind themselves to it?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a certain metaphor or analogy suggests they are drawing a comparison to another concept in order to illustrate their point or express a deeper meaning.","questions":"How does the speaker use a metaphor or analogy in turn 2?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":["From NPR News, it's Day to Day. A trip to the grocery store is not going to get any cheaper anytime soon. The Agricultural Department now forecasts a four to five percent increase in food prices next year. That is in addition to a five to six percent increase this year. Joining us now is John Dimsdale from Marketplace. John, how unusual is it for food prices to rise so fast?","Yeah, well, food inflation this year is the worst it's been in 20 years. Usually, you know, food prices go up in the 2 or 3 percentage range every year, but we're looking at some very dramatic increases this year, especially when you look at specific foods. Eggs, for example, are up 14 percent this year according to the Ag Department, cereals and baked goods almost 10 percent, dairy products too, fruits and vegetables, they're all up in the 5 or 6 percent range this year.","Breakfast is going to be a serious problem.","Usually, when we hear about these increases in food costs, energy costs, weather problems are the ones to blame. But haven't those problems gotten somewhat better lately?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Breakfast is going to be a serious problem","questions":"What specific meal did PersonB express concern about in turn 2 of the dialogue?","answer":"Breakfast"}
{"text":["Well, we'll see, won't we?I think that the issue here is really is how you talk about it, and how you educate. For instance, food banks for years have done this. I might say, without naming the names, one of the leading best-regarded brands in the large, national food industry, they basically recover the food within their stores; cook it up; and put it out on their hot trays the next day and offer that at, you know, at fair full prices. That's the stuff that we're going to be talking about. We're talking about taking and recovering food. Most of what we offer will be fruits and vegetables that have a use-by date on it that'll be several days out.","Well, customers nevertheless have to consume the food pretty quickly.","As you know, when it comes to bread, most of America, if they didn't buy the bread yesterday, already has it out of code at home. And we all know, if you put it in the refrigerator, it can last for weeks. Milk lasts for days. You know, it all depends on the temperature of your refrigerator, frankly.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of (2) is that customers have to consume the food quickly, but the implied meaning is that customers should be aware that the food has a limited shelf life and should be consumed soon.","questions":"Which turn implies that customers should be aware of the limited shelf life of the food?","answer":"2"}
{"text":[". . . You are from this area - born in D. C. , raised in Maryland and Virginia - the DMV, as we like to say. So what's it like to be back home now that you're blowing up like this?Can you go to, like, the CVS if you want to without being recognized?","Yeah. I definitely can go to the CVS. You know, sometimes people recognize me, sometimes they don't. But it's a beautiful feeling, and I just can't wait to move back eventually.","How did you start singing or how did you realize you could sing?","I don't know. I just was always singing. I didn't know if it was good or not, but my grandma, she told me that I sounded like an angel. And that maybe - perhaps that kept me going. I mean, I always wanted a solo at the church, and they didn't ever give it to me. But eventually they did, and I froze. But then I killed it. And I just feel like that kind of just followed me all throughout my life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase \"blowing up like this\" does not literally mean that the speaker is exploding, but rather that they are becoming popular and gaining fame","questions":"Which phrase in turn 3 suggests that the speaker had a desire to have a solo at church?","answer":"Solo"}
{"text":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The mention of the Srebrenica massacre and the potential consequences for war criminals serves as a reminder that such heinous acts can lead to future accountability, even if justice is delayed.","questions":"What does turn 4 suggest about the accountability of war criminals?","answer":"Accountability"}
{"text":["Well, no. There is no sign of that yet. They cannot do everything the Trump administration wants because, as we've discussed before, we are asking for structural changes that are at the core of the Chinese Communist Party's governance of China. So they - no, they cannot do that.","And they're entering, remember, a very sensitive political season. You've got the 30th anniversary of the Tiananmen Massacre coming up. They need to look strong. Xi Jinping puts himself forward as sort of the all-knowing, all-powerful leader of China. And he has to seem that it - to be defending the interest of the Chinese people.","So what are the risks to the United States, if continuing to raise tariffs, if it doesn't push China to make a deal?","Well, all of these tariffs cost the American people. President Trump repeatedly says that China is simply transferring money to American coffers. But there are numerous academic studies which indicate that these costs are being borne by the American importers and increasingly by American consumers.","And China is going to be very careful when it retaliates to target consumers in sectors in the United States that are supportive of President Trump. They've already done this in targeting soybeans. They're very deft politically, and that's what they'll continue to do. So they are going to make him politically pay a price. And American consumers will pay as well."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : China will retaliate by targeting American consumers and make President Trump politically pay a price","questions":"Which group will China target in the United States to make President Trump politically pay a price?","answer":"Soybeans"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me.","Let's begin with the top line of the report. We certainly know retail is suffering. We see stores all over America closing. Midtown Manhattan is having problems with retail space. We assume it's online shopping and delivery. But how many job losses do you fix specifically to the role of private equity?","Well, we found that over the last decade, 1. 3 million people lost their jobs at retailers that had been acquired by Wall Street private equity firms and hedge funds. During that same 10-year period, the retail sector had actually added an additional 1 million jobs. So what we find is that in key areas, Wall Street firms are destabilizing retailers. Toys R Us is a good example. Toys R Us was highly profitable when it filed for bankruptcy. Their private equity owners had loaded the company with debt and did not really invest in necessary technology upgrades to support e-commerce and to make it viable.","Well, let's peel back a phrase like Toys R Us was highly profitable when it filed for bankruptcy. That wouldn't seem to fit in the same sentence. But how do you explain that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Lets go back to what you said about Toys R Us being profitable when they filed for bankruptcy and talk about that more.","questions":"What phrase did PersonB ask PersonA to explain during the dialogue?","answer":"Profitable"}
{"text":["How do you perceive yourself at this point as a business woman, not just a comedienne?Because you used to be an Algebra teacher, you were also a small business owner. I'm sure that there is a whole industry behind what you do, having to deal with your bookings, et cetera. How do you deal with that part of it?","Well, knowledge is the key. I have a degree in Business Administration's, minor in Mathematics. And, unlike most comediennes, I was a business person before I got into this field. I am very aware of my bookings, I'm very aware of my accounting. I'm very aware of how to write jokes. So, it doesn't make it easier but knowledge helps it - helps me understand a lot of different things. So even like times now when we're in a recession, when the country is in a recession, and people aren't coming out to the shows as often the way they used to come - the audiences aren't packed - I, because I understand business, know that, OK, I'll move to smaller venues, I'll come in with a cheaper ticket. But I will still work as an artist. And as an artist, overall, you really want to work.","What makes you laugh?","What makes me laugh - kids make me laugh, and old people make me laugh."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B implies that being a comedienne is not the same as being a businesswoman, and she wants to know how A manages the business side of her career.","questions":"Which degree does PersonA have in addition to minor in mathematics, according to her response to B?","answer":"Minor"}
{"text":["Sure. Well, before she becomes a pirate, she tries shoplifting. And when Gwen is shoplifting, she imagines herself as named Octavia. She imagines herself to much more glamorous persons, so there's a little bit in this book that's here.","(Reading) She remembered what it was called - shoplifting - and pictured lifting the whole place, the aisles tilting and tumbling their baubles and trinkety treasures into her pockets. Pink razors for her burnt leg and then a keychain she thought Naomi would like. And when she realized she could steal for other people, it was an avalanche, a chew bone for Toby the II, more stuff for Naomi, a stuffed bear and a tiny license plate that said Naomi. Three flasks of perfume, curvy and shapey like internal organs in her pockets, and she was done with Mother's Day for ages.","Her father liked the electronic things, which were behind locked cabinets. But she grabbed a slick stereo magazine and managed to slip into one of her boots. It would be a way to warm him for taking the bus by herself. By now she was thirsty and rounded a corner to open a fridge and grab an iced tea in a bottle that felt so good in her hands. It was One Universe Green Tea, which the label said was good for the immune system and for Octavia's skin. No one had stopped her. No one had spoken to her. It was smooth sailing. All for one and one for all.","So is there a straight line from that to piracy or just adolescence?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"she imagines herself as named Octavia\" - actual meaning: she imagines herself being someone else named Octavia, not that her name changes to Octavia.","questions":"What name does Gwen imagine herself as while shoplifting?","answer":"Octavia"}
{"text":["Hi, David.","So we have heard so many different messages, I mean, from President Trump in terms of removing U. S.  forces, keeping U. S.  forces there, claims of victory, backing off claims of victory. What exactly is the situation right now?","Well, the U. S. -backed coalition does appear to be in the final stages of the actual combat. But what exactly the victory entails, what it achieves, how final it proves to be, those are all still open questions. Over the weekend, the Syrian Democratic Forces, the SDF - they're the ones actually in there trying to seize this last bit of ISIS control - said it would be over in a matter of days. There could still be some intense fighting, though, between now and then.","SDF commanders say some of those airstrikes that have been pounding the ground were targeting vehicle bombs left by ISIS. There was a Twitter post from an SDF spokesman. He said three car bombs were taken out. And there's - he also said it's going to be over soon, this battle. There's estimates hundreds of ISIS fighters are left. They're not going anywhere without a fight. But it sounds like a victory over those fighters is being portrayed as more a question of when rather than if."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Although the literal meaning of this turn is simply asking for a description of the current situation, the implied meaning behind it is that the speaker is expressing frustration or confusion about the conflicting messages they have heard from President Trump regarding the removal or retention of U.S. forces in Syria. It could be interpreted as a way of questioning the credibility of the information that has been provided so far and seeking clarification or a more definitive answer.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue expresses frustration and confusion about conflicting messages from President Trump?","answer":"Turn1"}
{"text":["And yet despite all this, is Sisi still a popular figure?","Yeah, he is a popular figure. The military is seen as the most trusted institution in Egypt. He comes from that institution. He was elected in an election that maybe wasn't really fair, but it wasn't rigged in a wide scale manner. He was voted in with more than 95 percent of the votes here. But it's an election that took place in an atmosphere of fear, where you're basically with us or against us. And if you're against us, the idea of against us lands you in jail.","What are the challenges that he faces?","The biggest challenge he' got is the economy - the foundering economy. Egypt is in debt and needs to dig itself out of that hole. And there are constant power cuts going on right now in the soaring summer heat. And the way he's doing that is lifting the subsidies, which take a huge part of the budget. But that will also possibly lead to protests against him, possibly, because that means people are going to be paying higher gas prices, which have already been lifted, and higher food prices."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : That statement implies that Sisi's election may not have been fair and that there was an atmosphere of fear during the election.","questions":"Which institution is seen as the most trusted institution in Egypt?","answer":"Military"}
{"text":["The opposition and outrage over families seeking asylum being separated from their children at the border of the United States broke open this week. Laura Bush said, our government should not be in the business of warehousing children in converted box stores. President Trump did what he said he couldn't - sign an executive order to stop separations. But how long will that hold, and what will happen with those families who've already been separated?","Erika Pinheiro is an immigration lawyer with a group called Al Otro Lado, the other side. She joins us from Tijuana. Thanks for being with us.","Thanks for having me.","Have you seen a case where parents have been reunited in the United States?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The government of the United States is treating families seeking asylum inhumanely.","questions":"Which country?","answer":"United"}
{"text":["OK, starting with GlobalGrind. Here's the deal Farai, as you know, being in the media, it's becoming more and more niche, and people, especially what you're talking about Internet, you're talking about web communities and defining that niche. Now we're seeing more and more websites pop up where we've had black websites in the past, but GlobalGrind is this one-stop shop.","They claim, or they offer, for news, gossip, humor, entertainment. It's just about everything that users think is important. So the whole site is actually driven by users voting on other content that's happening elsewhere. And so the higher the vote of a specific piece of content, the more relevant it comes up on the GlobalGrind webpage.","Is it fun?","It is fun. It looks very clean. It's sleek. I do like the ownership behind the company, and some of the people driving it, because Navarro is a guy that ran 360HipHop. com, which was very successful that was sold to BET. I've met with their advertising people. I think they really got their handle on - they've made it mobile. They now integrate it with Facebook, which wasn't there before, which I was dinging them on. I was like, when are you guys going to get with mobile applications in a Web 2. 0 space?","All right, Mario. We have to jump in. RushmoreDrive. Give me the skinny."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : GlobalGrind offers a wide range of content that is user-driven and voted upon","questions":"What is the content on GlobalGrind driven by?","answer":"Users"}
{"text":["From NPR News, this is News & Notes. I'm Tony Cox. FEMA wants immunity from Class Action lawsuits for its formaldehyde-ridden trailers given to Hurricane Katrina victims. And President Bush is expected to sign a housing bill that once it clears the Senate, will help homeowners in trouble with their mortgages. That and more on today's Reporter's Roundtable. But first, we check in with our very own Farai Chideya coming live from the journalists of color UNITY convention in Chicago. Hey, Farai.","Hey, Tony.","So listen, for those not in the journalism world, what is Unity?","Unity is a once-every-four-year gathering of the Ethnic Journalism Associations. So the NABJ, the National Association of Black journalist, the Hispanic Journalist, Asian-American Journalists, Native-American Journalists. It's really this kind of diversity fest for journalism."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Unity is a gathering of diverse ethnic journalists.","questions":"How would you describe the attendees at Unity?","answer":"diverse"}
{"text":["Now, Steve, everything I've just said has a caveat. OK?As you'd mentioned, yesterday the administration lightened their touch and said American tech firms could keep engaging in existing business with Huawei until mid-August. That's presumably to give some transition or prep time.","Is it really possible that the administration could raise these alarms of Chinese spying through Huawei equipment - that's the scenario they put out - and then just let the business go on?","Sure. That's totally possible. And there would be a precedent for that. Last year, President Trump banned sales to another Chinese phone-maker, ZTE, also citing national security concerns. That basically brought China's president to the bargaining table. And then Trump announced ZTE would pay a billion-dollar fine to do business with America again. So you know, maybe - maybe - the Huawei ban is a move to create leverage. In the last couple of weeks, the Trump administration has increased tariffs on $60 billion worth of Chinese goods, too. China's responded and, you know, tensions are growing.","You have underlined for us how deeply engaged U. S.  companies are already with Huawei, whether it's a small rural phone provider here in the United States or service provider in the United States or whether it's Google operating in Europe. How are tech companies responding?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : lightened their touch implies to say their minds or to speak for everyone to understand and not putting on touch light ","questions":"How did the administration allow American tech firms to continue business with Huawei?","answer":"until"}
{"text":["Well, there's a big argument in the United States about this. There's one group of folks who think that engagement policy failed. We engaged with China from 1979 until about 2013 when Xi Jinping came into power. And the idea of engagement was that coevolution was in the American interest as well as in China's interest. And you could bring China along to be a responsible player to some degree.","Many hardliners in the United States government - and outside and including in the expert community - now claim that engagement was a sucker's game and that we have raised up a tiger which could now devour us. But there are different schools of thought about this, and many of us think that we still need to engage with China, albeit more strategically.","That image of raising a tiger that will devour us is very dramatic. Is that what we're talking about here?I mean, like, one or the other will triumph?","I don't think so. I'm actually borrowing from a Chinese phrase - (speaking Chinese) - you don't want to raise up a baby tiger because it grows up. But again, there are people like Steve Bannon and the Committee for the Present Danger: China, which now claim that China is an existential threat to the United States. And they're also claiming that the United States cannot coexist with the Chinese Communist Party, despite the fact that we've been doing so at least since 1949."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The situation is not necessarily an 'either\/or' between China and the United States.","questions":"How is the Chinese phrase mentioned by PersonA relevant to the argument about engagement with China?","answer":"Coexistence"}
{"text":["So you were recently in Michigan speaking to autoworkers. The Detroit News quoted you as saying that the labor section in the agreement is actually better than NAFTA, but it still needs improvement. So can you just give me one or two ideas of what more needs to be done in your view?","Well, as it currently stands, the agreement can't be enforced. And there are three levels that it must be enforced at. One, Mexico has to show us not only that it can pass laws but that it has the wherewithal, the infrastructure and the resources to be able to implement those laws and give workers a chance to better their wages and working conditions because if they don't do that, no matter what the agreement says, it's - it won't matter. It won't change workers' lives in this country.","The second part is, the agreement's enforcement provisions need to be dramatically strengthened. The International Trade Commission's report recently confirmed what we already knew - that without a way to hold all three countries accessible, this deal isn't worth the paper it's written on. And under this agreement, any party can block a panel. A panel is the arbitrator that decides the dispute, the trade dispute. And if you can't ever get it decided by a third party, you can never actually implement it.","And then the third level of enforcement is that workers need to be able to enforce this trade agreement to make it better so that it works for us so that if somebody violates the agreement in Mexico or Canada, we should be able to stop their products at the border."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to give an idea means to tell them their opinion, or what is happening","questions":"Which state was mentioned in the dialogue where the speaker spoke to autoworkers?","answer":"Michigan"}
{"text":["James Foley would have turned 41 today. The journalist who was murdered by the Islamic State was known for his reporting on the conflicts of the Middle East. Jim Foley's life will be celebrated in his hometown of Rochester, New Hampshire today. The memorial service is taking place at Our Lady of the Holy Rosary Parish. Father Marc Montminy, a close friend of the family, is leading the service. He joins us now. Thanks for being with us.","You're very welcome. It's good to be with you.","What do you remember about Jim Foley?","We remember him as a child. Many people around the world remember him more as an adult 'cause when you're young, you see people from one vantage point. As you get older, they develop and grow into their own person. Jim was always a happy guy. He was also, I felt, very pensive at times. He was a thinker. He was the type of guy who could see things that perhaps other people didn't see as clearly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"What do you remember about Jim Foley?\" - The literal meaning of this question is asking for specific memories or recollections of Jim Foley.","questions":"Which journalist is being remembered in his hometown of Rochester, New Hampshire today?","answer":"James"}
{"text":["I want to ask you about an episode in which math, science figures into the plot even if you don't realize it at first. And this is \"Springfield or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling,\" where Homer gets endowed with Henry Kissinger's brain.","Of course, that comes about because - I don't know how to explain this - Henry Kissinger uses the loo, and his thick glasses fall into the loo. And Homer puts them on, and he's endowed with this perception.","Well, the thing about that is that it sounds like Pythagoras' theorem. So he gets it all wrong. It sounds right, but it's wrong. And he's actually quoting the scarecrow from \"The Wizard of Oz\" - because when the scarecrow gets his diploma, he reels off exactly the same equation. It sounds impressive, but it's actually all wrong.","And you say in the book that your judgment is, it was calculatedly wrong because of the way Ray Bolger must have had to rehearse to be able to make that recitation."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A says that Homer's use of Pythagoras' theorem in the episode \"Springfield or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling\" sounds impressive but is actually all wrong, and that he is actually quoting the scarecrow from \"The Wizard of Oz\". The actual meaning here is that Homer's use of Pythagoras' theorem is a parody of pseudo-intellectualism and academic jargon, and is not meant to be taken seriously.","questions":"Which episode features Homer's use of Pythagoras' theorem?","answer":"Gambling"}
{"text":["Mr.  O'HARROW: No one seems to know exactly how much money will be spent through contracts, but it's going to be a considerable amount. When you hand out money quickly without setting up good terms of contracts and without having mechanisms to follow the money as it's spent to ensure that taxpayers get what they're paying for, you're going to have waste, and that's going to be what you'll get at best. At worst you'll have fraud and corruption.","Now, the Democrats who are in charge of this bill, some of whom have written this bill like David Obey, chair of the House Appropriations Committee, says we have a lot of monitoring built into this bill, and even so, we need to act very, very quickly because this is an emergency.","We've got more oversight built into this package than any package in the history of man. If money is spent badly, we want to know about it so we can hold accountable the people who made that choice. And guess what. Regardless of what we do, there will be some stupid decisions made.","David Obey, chair of the House Appropriations Committee. Well, Robert O'Harrow of the Washington Post, what do you say to that?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : When you hand out money quickly with no regulations people will spend it on things that are not needed.","questions":"How would Mr. O'Harrow describe the potential outcome of handing out money quickly without setting up good terms of contracts?","answer":"waste"}
{"text":["There's a new commission by the president to try to look into this attack - series of attacks. What's that commission trying to do?","Well, this is a situation, Farai, that's been growing since '94, since the end of apartheid and the election of African National Congress. The problem is this. Fundamentally, the issue of poverty has not been tackled in a satisfactory way by the government. And you've had among the mass of poor people at the bottom, the so called black Africans, a very high level of patience actually waiting for something to turn around, and it hasn't.","Instead, there's been much more emphasis on the development of a black capitalist class, opening up the borders to trade, et cetera. And not enough paid attention to the grievances of people at the base.","When you have the situation like this, it is very easy for opportunists to take advantage of the situation and explode it in a very unproductive way and that's what happened. So, people's anger about the situation was channeled, much like we've seen here in the United Sates when people go against immigrants. Instead of understanding the way that the system is working and that it needs to be challenged, people start going after the vulnerable groups. So, they went after the Zimbabweans, they went after the Mozambiquens and they went after the Ugandans."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"growing\" in \"a situation that's been growing since '94\" means the situation has been getting worse or more intense over time, so the actual meaning is different from the literal meaning of physically increasing in size.","questions":"How has the situation been evolving since '94?","answer":"Worse"}
{"text":["Well, I am born and raised in Barquisimeto, Venezuela. I study computer science. Once I started finishing my school in 2010, I started to think, OK, what's next in my career?Started applying to big tech companies like Google, Facebook, Microsoft. And I got an offer from Google and came to the Valley in 2011.","So how did the idea for Code For Venezuela come about?What was the goal of the group?","It's a group of friends that - we've known each other for three or four years now here in the Bay Area. And right about late last year, we started, like, really brainstorm - hey, you know, what can we do that's not only financial that could really impact the country?","Can you give me a sense of what some of the projects are that you've tried to work on so far, that you're trying to innovate now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : brainstorm implies being too wise or being able to solve problems from with good ideas and not a storm that happens in the brain ","questions":"Which word describes the implied meaning of the turn mentioned in the statement?","answer":"wisdom"}
{"text":["We look for simple answers, so we look at the Sudan sometimes as Islam versus Christianity. That's not really what's at stake. Or we look at it as the Arabs against the non-Arabs. We don't look at the problems that are the result of the boundaries that were set up. We don't look at the impact of the changing climate. We don't look at the issues of oil, we don't look at the corrupt government that's running the Sudan.","So, we don't spend the time, and then what happens is we throw up our hands when there is no easy solution. I think part of what would help, frankly, is more programs like yours, where there's a deeper examination as to the roots of the situation. And, I think, then people would be less likely to fall into fatigue. But when you're looking for simple answers and they don't arrive, I think people would rather just hide under the pillows.","Here's another case of tough decisions to be made. We have talked about attacks against African immigrants who come to South Africa. Now, it seems that there is Ugandan - attacks against Ugandans, there have been attacks against Zimbabweans and Mozambiquens.","There's a new commission by the president to try to look into this attack - series of attacks. What's that commission trying to do?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : hide under the pillows implies not being straightforward or saying lies and not to physically hide or cover their bodies with pillows in the bed","questions":"What is the implied meaning of \"hide under the pillows\"?","answer":"Dishonesty"}
{"text":["When you lament where the company is, do you feel there are steps that can be taken to bring it back to the loftier values that, you know, you first believed were true?","Yeah, I think there are steps, but I don't think they're kind of what Uber should do. I think they're what regulators and lawmakers and sort of society should do. I mean, sort of a very easy step would be to, you know, re-examine this independent contractor status of their drivers and see if there's some way to have them be employees or gain some equity in the company. That would be one way.","So basically you're saying, as we're about to hoo and ha over the massive figure of possibly a hundred billion dollars in worth - regulators, pay attention and protect the drivers and the little people in the game?","Yeah. And I think actually, you know, Uber going public may prompt that - which we are seeing strikes. We are seeing protests from drivers. And we're in this moment where lawmakers, presidential candidates, regulators are paying more attention to this industry and its effects on the world. So I don't think Uber's IPO is going to be the end of the story for its drivers and for its culture. I think it's, you know, maybe the beginning of a new, more restrictive, you know, oversight over the company."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Regulators should protect the interests of drivers and other small players in the industry","questions":"Which players in the industry should be protected by regulators?","answer":"Drivers"}
{"text":["Oh, thanks. We're professional seguers here at NPR.","You took my breath away there.","Well, speaking of age, though, you're - you play a geezer in this picture.","Yeah, but I'm the youngest in the cast.","Really, I'm the baby."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A statement implies that they were caught off guard or surprised by the previous speaker's comment.","questions":"What was PersonA's initial reaction to PersonB's comment?","answer":"Surprised"}
{"text":["Could you cite a single example of bias?","Sure. Andrew Weissman, the No. 2 member of the Mueller probe, attended the Hillary Clinton election night party. You would think with all the talented prosecutors to be asked throughout the federal system, we could likely assemble a team without having to pick the people who were engaged in the 2016 election to the extent that they would be at one of the candidates' election night parties.","Well, I mean - A, I don't know that; B, so he attended a party - I mean, public officials, like reporters - for example, I think in many ways, like representatives in Congress, who are supposed to be capable of independent and unbiased judgment when it comes to doing their jobs.","But members of Congress don't end up prosecuting people. And, you know, when you're dealing with a prosecution and potentially, you know, here, with the president the United States being investigated, I would think that you would want to avoid even the appearance of bias. And here, the bias seems to be significant. It's also laid out in the text messages between Peter Strzok and Lisa Page."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning is that Andrew Weissman's involvement in the Mueller probe creates an appearance of bias, regardless of his actual objectivity.","questions":"How does Andrew Weissman's involvement in the Mueller probe appear?","answer":"Appearance"}
{"text":["And prosecutors then stepped up and said, we're going to have a no drop policy. In other words, we're going to assume, as often is the case, that the woman is going to ask, hey, don't prosecute him. Let him go. And he says, no, the State of Ohio or the State of Arizona or wherever you are says, this is our charge. This is a crime, and we're going to follow through.","Then it's up to the judiciary. And everyone used to look to the judiciary. Now, you have to be serious and sentence these guys. That in and of itself was not working, because once he was out, you are sending the man and the mindset back to the same home and the same woman with the same mindset. And so the taking it seriously and simply incarcerating was not resolving the problem.","So, what other ways are there?","Now, we are taking a more holistic approach to the problem. It is an approach that tries to sew up the seams of the system. I had a domestic violence group come to me and say, look, Judge, we aren't getting what we need. We are not getting to the women soon enough. You are not getting the men to domestic violence programs well enough or quickly enough."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : drop policy implies to neglect an already made policy in favor of someone ","questions":"How does the \"no drop policy\" affect an existing policy?","answer":"Neglect"}
{"text":["Sure, the dollar's stronger today, and it really underscores what has been happening for several months now. The equity market is much lower today, and the dollar is stronger against most major currencies. And the reason for that is because it's what we call a risk averse trade or basically buy the safest thing you can find play. So, when the equity markets go down, people like to buy dollars.","And then large part is in this because so many other currencies around the world are doing even worse than we are.","Well, yeah. I mean, the other countries are doing worse, that's for sure. Europe has some serious problems, Japan, China, but what it boils down to really is where's the safest place to put your money on a short term basis. And time and time again, that ends up in short-term treasury bills in the United States because they're backed by full faith of the U. S.  government. Certainly, if you look across the planet, growth rates have dropped dramatically in the month of January, for instance. In Canada, they were down about 14 and a half percent, in Europe, down seven percent. But places like Brazil were down 30 percent, and Russia was down 45 percent.","Some economists read this as a bet that the U. S.  wasn't just the first country to fall into a mess but will also become the first one out of it. Do you agree?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The dollar is not physically stronger, but more can be bought with it now than before.","questions":"What does the dollar's strength underscore?","answer":"Equity"}
{"text":["Did you hear anything from President Obama or Speaker Boehner that screams deal to you?","As is true of so much of life, the great philosopher Yogi Berra said it best: It's deja vu all over again. This problem is what caused the debt crisis last year, with the president and his supporters saying you have to increase tax rates on the wealthy and the House Republicans saying you cannot raise tax rates on the wealthy and you have to close loopholes. If they don't figure out a way around this, we are going to have the same kind of nail-biting fight that we had last year, which resulted basically in them kicking the can and creating the fiscal cliff.","Yeah. Well, do you see room for compromise there. I mean, if you were carving the pie?","Well, here is the problem. The professor who spoke to Ari just before said that if you close loopholes on the wealthy you would collect more tax revenue. That is true. But if you're serious about closing the deficit, that is not enough. It just isn't. It doesn't create enough revenue. And that's where the Democrats have fundamentally been saying if you don't raise rates, then everything else is pointless, because it'll all be on the margins. And that's the problem."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"It's deja vu all over again\" - This phrase implies that the situation is similar to the one that occurred last year and is likely to lead to the same result. ","questions":"Which philosopher did Yogi Berra quote to describe the situation?","answer":"Yogi-Berra"}
{"text":["Well, as you say, an assistive technology, other robotics to make people able to be more on their own. But I imagine that somewhere down the line, you'd like to be able to rejuvenate the arm itself, would you not?","Yeah, exactly. I think for people with locked-in syndrome, such as the two participants in the study - that is, no functional movement of their limbs and unable to speak - a comparatively simpler goal and one that we've published some work on over the past few years would be the simple control of a computer cursor on a screen.","And if one could provide point-and-click control over a cursor 24 hours a day, seven days a week, that would certainly be a useful assistive technology for somebody with severely limited communication.","But just as you said, for somebody with paralysis, somebody who's unable to move their arms and their legs, the real dream for the research is to one day reconnect brain to limb, to take those signals out of the brain, to root them back down to the peripheral nerves in the arm, to stimulate those nerves and to have somebody use their own arm and hand to pick up that coffee again."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Providing 24\/7 control of a computer cursor on a screen would greatly improve the quality of life for people with limited communication abilities.","questions":"Which technology could be a useful assistive tool for individuals with severely limited communication?","answer":"Cursor"}
{"text":["As a parent, or as a wife, or both?","Well, I mean, how can I answer that?I spend a lot of time at home, especially now that I have kids, so, I'm mostly confronting these situations that involve white people making assumptions about me and my children. But, you know, when we go into Boston, both with my kids and with my husband when he was, you know, my boyfriend, or my fiance, or whatever, and we were living in the city, yes, I think, you know, we certainly got our fair share of double takes and then some. And not very subtle, either, by blacks which I also find just as disconcerting, if not more so.","You mention towards the end of your article that you are hopeful, but not necessarily convinced, that everything is moving in the right direction racially. Why do you think that?","Well, I really just don't know. You know, I am very hopeful because I think that, you know, my biggest fear as a parent is that my kids will somehow feel squeezed between these two identities, and feel forced to choose one. And there are many stories of, you know, friends and acquaintances of mine who are biracial who go through these stages of, you know, rejecting their black parent or feeling embarrassed by their black parent. And then reading \"Malcolm X\" freshman year in college and then rejecting their white parent. I mean, it's a very common thing, or it's not uncommon, at least."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is concerned about their biracial children feeling pressure to choose between their racial identities.","questions":"What is the biggest fear of the speaker as a parent?","answer":"Squeezed"}
{"text":["So if we're negotiating in public, we're not really negotiating at all.","That's correct. What we're doing is playing chicken, all kinds of games with each other. It's just a mess. You know, whenever you get to the entitlements, and so everybody knows, I'm out of the Senate three years and a half, but I was there for 36 years, and much of my work was budgeting. If I were there, I would be right in the middle of this. You would have been hearing from me for the last two years, and you'd be tired of my voice.","And you, Neal, would have had me on so many times, you would have said I don't want you anymore.","Well, I doubt that, Senator."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning is that the listener doubts that they would tire of hearing from the speaker. The actual meaning is that the listener is being polite and respectful towards the speaker.","questions":"Which emotion is PersonB expressing towards PersonA in turn 3?","answer":"Polite"}
{"text":["Well, we fought three wars in the 20th century in Europe - we had World War I, we had World War II and we had the Cold War - because we believed that a stable united Europe was our best partner to deal with the challenges in the world. If that was true in the 20th century, it's even more true in the 21st century when it is the only partners we can find militarily, economically and politically around the world that we can count on. They're not doing enough, but they're doing more than anybody else.","If your board were to go under, were to collapse, where nationalism would ignite the kinds of dangers we saw in the 1920s, in the 1930s, we, the United States, would suffer in the same way that we did in the 1920s and 1930s.","Ivo Daalder is president of the Chicago Council on Global Affairs, former U. S.  ambassador to NATO. Thanks so much.","It's my pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The speaker is politely acknowledging and expressing their pleasure at being part of the conversation, while also implying that they are open to further discussion.","questions":"What is the speaker implying through their response in turn 3?","answer":"Open"}
{"text":["OK.  Let's talk taxes. The latest GOP tax plan sailed through the House of Representatives this week. It's now in the Senate. What will be the greatest challenge there. Could it fail there, or is it likely to pass?They need a win.","Well, they already have - the Republicans already have some problems going on with even some of their most conservative members. So you've got Ron Johnson from Wisconsin who's already said, I won't vote for this bill in the way it stands. Someone like Susan Collins objects to the fact that the repeal of the individual mandate - the health care mandate - has been attached to this bill. So while it passed through the House pretty easily, the Senate is an incredibly different climate. You have people like Bob Corker and Jeff Flake who are a little bit of - you know, they're sticking in the craw of Republican leaderships because they're - you know, they're sort of doing. . .","Deficit hawks. Yeah.","Yes, exactly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Well, they already have - the Republicans already have some problems going on with even some of their most conservative members.\" - The literal meaning is that some conservative members of the Republican party are having issues. The implied meaning is that the Republicans are facing challenges within their own party and may have difficulty passing the tax plan in the Senate.","questions":"How are some conservative members of the Republican party reacting to the GOP tax plan in the Senate?","answer":"Opposing"}
{"text":["Major party conventions are almost a year away. But let's note this week Senator Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts seems to be picking up steam, doesn't she?","If the focus is on the economy, well, Elizabeth Warren will tell you she's got a plan for that. And, of course, the other candidates will say they do, too. But policy is really Warren's strong suit. It's one reason she's climbing in the polls even as nearly the - all of the other top-tier candidates are sliding a bit.","Finally, Ron, I had occasion to look up and listen to the Greenland national anthem this week. It's very moving, as you may know. And President Trump, who complained about the fact that Puerto Rico is an island, reportedly wants the U. S.  or wanted the U. S.  to buy Greenland. What do you make of this?","Yeah, this is apparently one of the good islands. It's not so crazy an idea. The United States was interested in buying Greenland in the 1860s when we bought Alaska from Russia. And we were interested again after World War II when we were trying to keep Russia at bay. The only problem is Greenland belongs to Denmark. Denmark doesn't want to sell. And a lot of people in Greenland would rather be independent. So don't watch for the just-sold sign anytime soon."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : climbing the poles means here election numbers are getting higher","questions":"What is one reason why Elizabeth Warren is climbing in the polls?","answer":"Policy"}
{"text":["It depends on who you ask. For the South Koreans who have been really eager to have a successful Olympics and for the president, Moon Jae-in's administration, who has really pushed for better ties to North Korea, this will be a big success for them in terms of getting the North Koreans to participate, to march under the joint flag and to mitigate any potential North Korean provocations that could have happened during the Olympics and ruin the whole atmosphere. But in terms of applying maximum pressure on North Korea and getting them to denuclearize, this is just a minor blip on the radar.","And what do we make of the military parade in North Korea just before?Is that a way of saying we don't mean it, or what?","Absolutely. I think - you know, I've been likening the North Korean participation in the Olympics as kind of like \"The Wedding Crashers,\" where they just storm in, guzzle everybody's champagne, other people's food and then they're going to leave a mess behind. And nothing they've said since Kim Jong Un's New Year's address has suggested that they're going to be talking about their nuclear weapons program at all. In fact, they've not had any pressure from South Korea or anybody in terms of talking about nuclear weapons.","Well - and that brings up a question. And I feel the need to ask it every now and then - why does North Korea want nuclear weapons?What's their overall strategic goal?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is asking what North Korea wants to achieve with nuclear weapons. The implicated meaning is questioning why North Korea wants nuclear weapons in the first place.","questions":"How does turn 3 relate to the overall theme of the dialogue?","answer":"Motives"}
{"text":["Yeah, I mean, I always have someone in mind. I'm not going to tell you people. But. . .","You know, there's always someone in mind when I'm writing. You know, it's all comes from somewhere inside.","Such a big part of that song is your voice, and I'm wondering if there's anything that you strive for when you sing a song like that.","I used to be really nervous when I sang. Like, when I was a kid starting young, 18 and 19, and my dad really had to sort of pushed me to start singing in front of people. Ever since I got out there and really started doing it, the only thing I've ever tried to do is just sort of is be myself, you know, never put on a voice. Sing naturally. And that always seems to work best for me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person is thinking of a particular person but they are not going to say who.","questions":"What was the reason for the person's nervousness when singing?","answer":"Singing"}
{"text":["And now we're going to move from talking with mental health experts to someone who has lived addiction. Jonny W.  lost almost everything to a gambling addiction. Thank you for coming in and being with us.","Thank you for having me here today.","Well, you know, let's start at the beginning. When did you start gambling?","Mr.  W. : Well, I started at the ripe old age of about 12-years-old. And at that particular time, it was just a matter of fun and hanging out with my friends."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Gambling was initially a harmless and enjoyable activity","questions":"Which activity did Mr. W. start at the age of 12?","answer":"Gambling"}
{"text":["It's - conservative - that about eight to 10,000 people died. And that this, to this day, is still the greatest natural disaster to hit this country in terms of devastation, in terms of death toll. It's almost hard to fathom how incredible - the power of this storm and what it did. It literally wiped a city off the map.","And you point out that after this happened, the idea that, you know, that Galveston really had only itself to blame. I mean, this was a natural port, and it was built on a sandbar. It was in most places only about 8 feet above sea level. And to have built it there in the first place would be crazy, and they rebuilt it anyway.","It really was a feat of engineering and of sheer willpower that they constructed a seawall - a 17-foot seawall that ran about three miles. But that wasn't enough. They realized that to protect downtown, they were going to have to raise it. So they literally raised about 500 buildings anywhere from 8 to 18 inches so that it was less susceptible to flooding.","As a weatherman, do you think that you can say now that what happened to Galveston is impossible, that it won't happen again?I don't mean that the storms won't happen again. I mean, Hurricane Katrina was a hideous storm that killed a lot of people, and the property loss was terrible. But do you think that the lessons of storms like that, but especially of Galveston, mean that the loss of life and property on that scale really isn't likely to happen again?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"And to have built it there in the first place would be crazy, and they rebuilt it anyway.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that building a city in a vulnerable location is illogical, yet they rebuilt it regardless. The actual meaning is that the city was rebuilt despite the knowledge of its vulnerability.","questions":"Which city was rebuilt despite the knowledge of its vulnerability?","answer":"Galveston"}
{"text":["When you start talking about terrorists network, then of course it gets to be real big. In fact, the reason the NSA and now the FBI want to dragnet information about everybody is the bigger the network is that you perform it on, the more accurate the results you're going to get. So when you take this idea that can be applied to \"Game Of Thrones\" and plug it into the network of everybody that's on the internet and everybody that's using mobile phones, which the NSA can do thanks to enormous computing power, then you get results that you wouldn't be able to figure out any other way because things surface that would be otherwise lost in the sea of communications.","Have you applied this to any other endeavors?","Yeah, in fact my own institute at Stanford did this a few years ago to look at entrepreneurship and start-up companies. We did one study where we compared Stanford, Harvard, Berkeley and MIT to see which one was the most entrepreneurial and in terms of start-up companies and the companies that they - how much money they make and so forth. And in the case of that, Stanford came out way at the top of the pile, as we expected which is. . .","Oh, oh, what a surprise. Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  implies a question asking if the idea has been used in any other contexts.","questions":"Which institute did PersonA conduct a study on entrepreneurship and start-up companies comparing Stanford, Harvard, Berkeley, and MIT?","answer":"Stanford"}
{"text":["Thanks very much, Sacha.","In her remarks, Ambassador Yovanovitch claims she was told that President Trump had lost confidence in her abilities and there was, quote, \"a concerted campaign against me and that the department had been under pressure from the president to remove me since the summer of 2018. \"Would you share your thoughts on her claim that the president targeted her before releasing her from the post?","It's an unusual situation for an American ambassador to be removed in any case. It doesn't happen very often. But this is a particularly important case because her central charge in her statement yesterday was that private individuals working with Rudy Giuliani had essentially circumvented her embassy and her position in Ukraine. They'd gone to the White House to make complaints about her that were totally unsubstantiated because she was standing up against corruption in Ukraine. The central point she made yesterday is that government really suffers and our country suffers when private individuals operating for private gain circumvent what is clearly in the interests of the United States.","For anyone who might argue that since the State Department is under the executive branch, the president should be able to fire and hire whomever he wants for whatever reason, how do you feel about that argument?","We serve at the pleasure of the president, so the president, of course, has the right to fire an ambassador. But we're a democratic country, and we're a country of laws. You don't fire an ambassador who is completely innocent. And to have this campaign launched against her, a 33-year veteran of the American Foreign Service - she served her country exceptionally well. I know her."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president insulted her before releasing her from her job.","questions":"Which charge did Ambassador Yovanovitch make against private individuals working with Rudy Giuliani?","answer":"circumvented"}
{"text":["So this prosecution brings together a lot of theories that are very sexist that would justify massive control of pregnant women on grounds that they owe a duty to their fetuses to behave in certain ways and that - and ultimately make pregnant people vulnerable to prosecution for just about any kind of conduct that can be deemed risky.","Marshae Jones is African American. What is the relevance of race in your view?","Racism is what caused the notion that using drugs during pregnancy, which is a health problem, could be turned into a crime to prosecute pregnant women and mothers. We can trace that to the so-called crack epidemic at the end of the 1980s, early 1990s. And the first women who were prosecuted were black women who smoked crack cocaine during pregnancy.","And the vast majority of women who were prosecuted among hundreds of women were black women, even though there is evidence that drug use during pregnancy is not more likely to happen in any particular racial group or economic group. And so this was clear targeting of black women, which I believe is part of a long history of devaluing black motherhood in particular and also a result of discriminatory behavior in hospitals, where hospitals were much more likely to turn in black patients for using drugs during pregnancy than white patients."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The prosecution's theories are sexist and target pregnant women, particularly black women","questions":"What group of women are particularly targeted by the prosecution's theories according to turn 0?","answer":"pregnant"}
{"text":["I think the sentiment has to change. Two years ago, people were very disappointed about the Occupy Movement that after 71 days, and it came back nothing. But now, the Hong Kong person seems to be - Hong Kong people seems to be much more determined, less (unintelligible). So they have been planting the seed in the heart of the young people.","So this time, we see at the midnight of town, you've got the 300-somethings young peoples being arrested and 80% of them are just 16 to 25 years old. So that's - we haven't been expected. We thought the youngster don't care about politics anymore. But it turns out that those young guys are coming out and becoming the front line. The seed had grown, and they were out.","That is Galileo Cheng. He's a social affairs executive for the Hong Kong Catholic Institution Staff Association. He's been out all day, and he's giving us a report from the front lines of the protests.","Galileo Cheng, thank you so much for talking with us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Hong Kong people are more determined this time and the young people are actively participating in politics","questions":"Which age group is predominantly participating in the protests?","answer":"16to25"}
{"text":["When you first started out, though, as - performing in those amateur clubs, what was that like?","It was great because it was new. You know, comedy in itself was illegal. We had a few satirists but no - first of all, there were no black comedians. I mean, as a black person you were lucky if you're allowed to speak, never mind tell jokes in public, you know?So we had a few white South Africans who challenged the status quo, guys like Pieter-Dirk Uys, who was a legend in the country, and he got arrested many times. You got arrested if you did that. So for us young-uns, we came up and it was just this free speech - we had verbal diarrhea, just run around and just, you know, I can say this now. I can say anything now and that's what we've been doing.","Where did you learn the technique though?","From my family. Storytelling is an African tradition. You know, you laugh. And if you look at it, the history of comedy has always been strongest amongst the nations who have been persecuted the most. In America, the stronghold of comedy was always amongst Jewish people. And that's what many Jewish families have said, is that without their food and their laughter, they wouldn't have gotten through what happened to them as a people, you know?And that's what happened to black people all over the world. As you learned to find joy in your pain, you know, that's where the music comes from. That's where the culture comes from. That's literally - with the oppression will come the laughter."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) A: \"You know, comedy in itself was illegal.\" - The actual meaning here is not that comedy was explicitly illegal, but rather that it was risky and subversive to use humor to challenge the oppressive status quo in a society where certain groups were not allowed to speak freely.","questions":"Which type of performers challenged the status quo in South Africa according to A?","answer":"groups"}
{"text":["So tell us why. Why is it that some parts of the country are so twister prone?","Yeah. Well, the United States itself, we have this dubious honor of sitting right in the collision zone between really cold air masses coming down from Canada and moist, warm air that comes up from the Gulf of Mexico. And so the well-known Tornado Alley is a convergence zone, couple that with the position of jet stream and other factors that we as meteorologists look for, a dry, mid-layer or wind sheer, and you have the perfect ingredients for tornadoes.","Most tornadoes affect the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. And in fact, there is another alley we call Dixie Alley because if you look at a map of climatological occurrence of tornadoes, there are areas in the South as well that seemed to get quite a few tornadoes. But certainly this region, as you were leading into the story, was an area that we would've expected tornadoes for May 20th based on climatology.","Well, let's talk about the forecasting because one of the amazing parts of sort of science of this story was that hours before, the National Weather Service locally issued a warning that there might be a tornado. And it was pretty spot-on, it sounded like."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They want to k now why some parts of the countries have twisters a lot.","questions":"Which zone is known for convergence and perfect ingredients for tornadoes according to the meteorologists?","answer":"Tornado"}
{"text":["Congress looked like they might get some kind of deal on immigration this past week. Didn't happen. What did happen?","They had a big sit-down meeting among all the House Republicans, and they talked about a deal, but they didn't reach one. The problem is that one faction within the House Republican caucus wants to protect the DREAMers, the people in the U. S.  illegally who were brought here as children. The other faction at the opposite end of the spectrum opposes anything they see as amnesty. And they want full funding for Trump's border wall with Mexico and a number of other changes to current law on legal immigration as well.","So it's not clear how much of that can get worked out, even among House Republicans, let alone with the Senate or the president.","I have to ask, how does the director of the Environmental Protection Agency, Scott Pruitt, hold onto his job?It seems like every few hours, there's charges of some kind of new ethical infraction. Yeah. I mean, he would have been let go from a greeter position at Walmart by now."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Scott Pruitt has committed multiple ethical violations and is unfit to hold his position at the Environmental Protection Agency.","questions":"What is the opinion of the statement regarding Scott Pruitt's fitness for his position?","answer":"Unfit"}
{"text":["Yeah. And that took a lot out of my legs. I was pretty fatigued by the end of the game, and I'm feeling it today.","And do - I bet you are a little tired.","But at - towards the end of the game, where you aware of the record?And where you aware you'd broken it?","I wasn't aware, actually. I think I was just so tired and so focused on scoring the basketball. There's a stretch late in the second half where I think I hit seven or eight consecutive threes, and I knew something special was going on after that."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"where you aware of the record?\" - This question is using the word \"where\" as a way of asking whether the speaker was aware of the record, rather than asking about the physical location of their awareness.","questions":"Which word is used in turn 2 to ask whether the speaker was aware of the record?","answer":"Where"}
{"text":["Yeah. It's a slam dunk. Yeah. I think that's kind of universal.","What's Krosno like?","Krosno is great. It's really small. It's about 50,000 people. It's kind of a young town, too - lots of high school students. But they get excited about basketball. So that's good.","I'm going to guess you're pretty well-known in town already."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 1).  In this context, \"slam dunk\" is not referring to a basketball move, but rather an expression meaning that something is certain or easy. The speaker is using it to convey their confidence in their statement.","questions":"Which expression did the speaker use to convey their confidence in their statement?","answer":"Slam-dunk"}
{"text":["That's right, yeah. I mean, these - the owners of these brains in life, you know, they lived at this state hospital. Just looking at the condition of the brains now I can only imagine what they endured in life and now their brains were taken by questionable means. It's not entirely clear if it was legal for them to be taken by the doctor at the state hospital and then they were put in these jars. And it's upsetting to look at them, honestly, to see, you know, to imagine the circumstances of their life and then to see them there - it makes you consider your own brain, I suppose.","Well, a tough story to report. Thank you for doing it, Matt.","No problem.","Matt Largey, of member station KUT in Austin."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"It makes you consider your own brain, I suppose.\" - This turn is a figurative expression that means the speaker is reflecting on their own life and experiences in comparison to the circumstances of the individuals whose brains were taken.","questions":"Which expression is a figurative way of saying the speaker is self-reflecting?","answer":"Reflecting"}
{"text":["If Beijing could have its way, David, what do you think they would want to do with Hong Kong?What would they want from Hong Kong?","Well, we know they would like Hong Kong to basically focus on money and making money and not worry about politics at all. That was the model. I mean, it's a comparison that Beijing would hate. But the truth is they basically treat it like a colony. It used to be a British colony. It's now a colony of China. And like any well-behaved colony, you're meant to focus on getting rich, making money and not worry about politics.","And David, just briefly, what happens in 2047, 50 years after Britain hands Hong Kong back to China?What happens then?","Well, then the promise of one country, two systems falls away, but the truth is they're going to try and chip away as in all kinds of small and subtle ways before then. We're also going to see probably more mainland immigration into Hong Kong - would be one way of diluting Hong Kong's kind of will to resist. But let's not underestimate an amazing thing that happened. There is a piece of China that gets free press, that knows what's happening, that is allowed to protest - not allowed where I'm sitting in Beijing - and they said, no, and the government backed off. And that's an absolutely extraordinary thing that can only happen in Hong Kong."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Hong Kong's autonomy is being gradually eroded before the 2047 deadline","questions":"What is happening to Hong Kong's autonomy before 2047?","answer":"Eroded"}
{"text":["There's something magical about that part of a meal that really seems to have inspired the book. Like, the beginning, when everyone is, like, just arriving and gathering and, like, what you want to serve in a moment like that.","Yeah. I mean, even just hearing you describe it that way, it's the best moment of a party. So, you know, everyone's hugging and kissing, and there's catching up and clinking of wine glasses. And it's just the best moment. And I think when those first platters of food start to roll out of the kitchen, it's just a celebration.","Do you ever really sit down, or is it constant movement, like, more plates coming out and just kind of wandering around and eating and talking?","What I love about antipasti is that even in a restaurant, oftentimes they'll have sort of a big communal table in the center of the restaurant, and they'll allow you to come up with, you know, your plate and a big spoon and just kind of point to or pick through and serve yourself whatever you want from the antipasti spread. So that's kind of the most interactive moment of the meal, which is maybe also why it's one of my favorites."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"constant movement\" - The speaker is referring to the busy atmosphere of a party, where people are moving around and socializing, but not necessarily in a literal sense of constant movement.","questions":"What is the speaker referring to when they mention \"constant movement\"?","answer":"socializing"}
{"text":["I think, at this point, the way to sanitize everything and start to rebuild confidence - and it's going to be difficult - is just for everybody to open up and say, look, here is where we are. Here are the assets that are still on our books. None of that stuff tends to panic people. There's a lot of bad news there, but people are smart enough to realize that, if they're not being told something, it's probably because the news is bad. And I think, once you just get it all out there, it would help quite a bit.","Henry, always great to talk to you.","You, too. Thank you so much for having me.","Henry Blodget is the CEO of the financial news site clusterstock. com."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is better to be transparent about the negative aspects.","questions":"How does PersonA suggest to regain confidence and start rebuilding by being transparent about what?","answer":"Transparency"}
{"text":["There might be more by tomorrow.","OK. Yes. So do so many presidential campaigns suck up a lot of money and political talent from potential Senate races?","I think it's a good question. I think, on the one hand, yes. I mean, there are Senate races that need top-tier campaign managers, finance directors, field directors. Those folks who may be going to a presidential campaign because they see their opportunity are not taking jobs on Senate campaigns is definitely a problem. I think in terms of resources with the push to really cultivate these small dollar donors and use that to fund these campaigns, there's almost an endless supply of these folks. So I don't know that, from a money angle, they're sucking up resources. I think from a staff angle, it can be difficult. But you hope that on the flip side what you're getting are a lot more people who are engaged in working in politics than they might have been before.","Anne Caprara, formerly the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, now the chief of staff to the new governor of Illinois, thanks very much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to suck up in this context means that they use a lot of something, in this case its using a lot of money for campaigns","questions":"Which verb describes the political campaigns' use of resources?","answer":"cultivate"}
{"text":["Quite a bit. They know nothing is going to happen unless Washington can help some way. That's why they want to hear the president come here and talk about people like them. And I guess I want to make it clear that nobody really wants a handout here. That's not what this is about. Nobody wants the president to come in and somehow bail out Elkhart. What we want is a chance to get back to work.","So, what is the big industry there?I've read that RVs are a big industry.","This place is commonly referred to as the RV capital of the world and, they build RVs; they build trailers; they build auto parts here. Basically, this is a place that makes stuff, and we can make virtually anything. And if this economy does shift to a green economy, if we start developing green energy sources, we can make the parts necessary to make that happen.","So, if you have a 60,000 population there and 16,000 people are out of work, that's nearly a third.","Mm-hmm. The county is bigger than 60,000, of course, and the county is. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People want to work hard for things. ","questions":"How do people in Elkhart feel about receiving a handout?","answer":"no"}
{"text":["Everybody else in the theater did. I didn't.","Oh, yeah, right.","Every single person cried except for me.","Oh, yeah, because they were only slicing onions for you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is sarcastically suggesting that the reason A didn't cry was that they were not affected emotionally by the movie.","questions":"Which emotion was PersonA not affected by while watching the movie?","answer":"Emotion"}
{"text":["Well, what they didn't admit is if they wanted all this capital, why have they spent $7 trillion - these companies in stock buybacks since 2005 - which is double the federal government's current entire budget if they needed capital for productive investment?Stock buybacks do not create any jobs. They don't create any productive investment. And they're a signal to corporate observers that, while people like Tim Cook know how to make a lot of money for the company, they don't know really what to do with it other than to enhance their own executive compensation package.","Still, it's a remarkable turnaround for Apple, isn't it?I mean, just a couple of decades ago, I think they were on the brink of extinction.","There's no doubt. It was a great turnaround. But under Steve Jobs, stock buybacks were prohibited. He paid himself very little. When Tim Cook came over, everything changed. And while they know how to make enormous money with their overpriced iPhones, they don't know how to productively use it. And Marxists of many decades ago would never have dreamed that corporations would pile up all this capital and not know how to use it productively.","Mr.  Nader, do you own an iPhone?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Corporations have piled up capital but do not know how to use it productively.","questions":"How was the capital piled up by corporations used?","answer":"enhance"}
{"text":["Yes. In fact, by far. And that's why the Senate's version of this tax bill largely prevailed in the negotiations with the House over the last few weeks. Before those began, the Senate vote was just a bare majority before they had that big sit-down with the other chamber. And there were several Republican senators on the fence about it, even as yesterday morning dawned. That would include Bob Corker of Tennessee, Marco Rubio of Florida, Susan Collins of Maine.","But now Corker and Rubio are fully on board. Rubio got some more money for the child tax credit. And Bob Corker was objecting to the deficit increase, which is kind of still there, but he says it won't be, maybe, that bad. And he is, of course, a good Republican and a businessman. And he has to like a lot of what's in this bill.","Is this the bill Republicans feel they need to say that they can govern when they have control of the Senate, the House and the presidency?","Indeed. It shows that they can pass a big and complicated piece of legislation that they promised to pass and do it with just their own majorities in both the House and the Senate. It should satisfy the hardcore support base and the donor class that has been growing restive in recent months since the Obamacare repeal failure. And, of course, the jury is out on how many other people it's going to satisfy, including the wage-earners who voted for Donald Trump last year, believing he would be their champion."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) The actual meaning is that the Senate's version of the tax bill was more influential in the final negotiations with the House, despite the Senate having a bare majority vote before the negotiations began.","questions":"How did the Senate's version of the tax bill fare in the negotiations with the House?","answer":"Largely"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . . Who have a record of accomplishment, who think that they can appeal to a broad range of voters. So what do you think you add to the race that isn't already there?","No, you bet. And why would I be the 37th or 24th (laughter) candidate or whatever it is?And I just got in now because I literally signed my last bill on Monday and had a job to do, getting Medicaid expansion and other things reauthorized. So I think I bring to the race - I think I'm probably the only one in the race that actually won in a Trump state. I mean, I got reelected in 2016. Donald Trump took Montana by 20 points. I won by four. Twenty-five to 30% of my voters voted for Donald Trump. And that's not, for me, changing who I am. I think I add to the race inasmuch as that people want government to function. I've been able to bridge divides in a very partisan time and get Republicans and Democrats to work with me to try to improve people's lives.","I think Joe Biden thinks the same. I mean, the former Vice President Joe Biden, who, obviously, has broad name recognition, you know, everywhere, who has been elected many times in his own right, never ran successfully for president. But I think he could argue that he ran successfully in Trump states - states that became Trump states - twice. And in addition to that, he's raising millions of dollars on his past name recognition. How are you going to compete with that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of turn (2) is a question asking what the speaker can add to the race that other candidates do not already have. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is being challenged to prove their value and justify their entry into the race. The literal meaning of the turn does not reflect the underlying challenge and skepticism expressed by the speaker.","questions":"Which turn reflects the underlying challenge and skepticism expressed by the speaker?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["You've been working, as we mentioned, on the Voyager mission since its genesis. What has kept you with this program all that time?","Voyager - well, Voyager is science. Science is about discovering things, about understanding what's around - what our neighborhood is like, what the universe is like. So as a scientist, this has been a wonderful journey because, especially during the encounters with the giant planets, every day there were a flood of discoveries. Next day - more discoveries. So as a scientist, this has been an incredibly wonderful mission to have been on. And even today at great distances, Voyager is still doing things no spacecraft has done before and still presenting us with puzzles that we are trying to sort through.","They are still on a voyage. Where are they now?","Well, this was a mission - we had a four-year mission to Jupiter and Saturn. We had two spacecrafts so that we would have a high probability of at least one succeeding on its four-year journey to Saturn and, of course, both have succeeded and exceeded by a great amount."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"They are still on a voyage.\" - actual meaning: Voyager spacecrafts are still traveling through space, exploring and sending back data.","questions":"What is still exploring and sending back data?","answer":"Voyager"}
{"text":["And you do say us. You believe that you've been complicit in some small ways, too.","Of course. I believe that everybody has. I tell a story in the piece about a former colleague of mine who did not harass me but who I saw harass other people. And at a later job, that colleague, I was told, was going to be brought on. And I made this stand. No, I will not work with him. But I was on a leave at the time. And I was told - OK, it'll just be temporary. By the time you get back from your leave, he'll be gone. And he was.","However, when I got back from that leave, there were younger employees who came to me afterwards and told me that he had messaged them inappropriately. So you know, here I was thinking, actually, that I was, you know, doing the right thing by raising my voice in concern. But in fact, in doing it only, in some ways, on my own behalf, I failed to protect the others - younger women - from that kind of behavior.","Some of the allegations against prominent men - and be they Harvey Weinstein or Roy Moore or James Toback or President Trump or Al Franken - are 10, 20, even 30 years old. Should some of the women who defended President Bill Clinton from allegations of sexual misconduct in the '80s and '90s reassess the support they gave him now?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) The literal meaning of this turn is that A failed to protect others, but the actual meaning is that A was only concerned with protecting themselves.","questions":"What was PersonA's main concern when they raised their voice in concern about their former colleague?","answer":"Own"}
{"text":["The other time that I have spoken with Sandy actually happened last September. I had started a media campaign on behalf of Sandy, and on the 23rd of September, the U. S.  consul met with Sandy, showed Sandy screenshots of the website, showed her, you know, some of the articles that had been written. And Sandy was very supportive of the media campaign, very thankful for what we were doing for her and asked us to keep it up.","Now, on the very next day, on the 24 of September, I got a call from Sandy clearly terrified, clearly had been threatened and, you know, had been told that she needed to get me to stop the media campaign or she was going to be losing access to her medicine, losing access to a doctor, you know, losing her consular visits. Well, my wife has lots of medical problems. She's got seven prescription medicines she takes a day, and, really, to threaten to take away her medicine is just not much different than threatening to kill her.","When Sandy asked me to stop, she didn't just ask me to stop. She begged with me to tell the people who were in the room with me that you will stop the media campaign. She was surrounded by a bunch of very scary people from China's state security, and she was clearly terrified. I was clearly terrified for her.","President Obama is going to be there this weekend. Do you want him to say something?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4). While the literal meaning of the turn is that President Obama will be somewhere, the actual meaning is unclear without further context. It is possible that the speaker is asking whether the person they are speaking to wants President Obama to make a statement or take action regarding Sandy's situation, but this is not explicitly stated.","questions":"How is the actual meaning of turn 3 unclear?","answer":"Ambiguous"}
{"text":["Oriental is the most beautiful place, and we are called the sailing capital of North Carolina because we must have 2,500 sailboats and 900 people.","Oriental is a healthy town it sounds like.","Oh, yeah, we're a booming town. And our community is so wonderful. Our churches were all coming together to try to get something solved. Like, there's people that don't have a driver's license, or they've got to have their medicine, so our local church has got a van, and we're going to get people their groceries and medicine. So we have all kind of volunteering to get something going.","When did the Wal-Mart Express move into town?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that people are worried that the reconstruction of historical sites, while intended to preserve them, may actually erase the original context and erase the history that was connected to them.","questions":"How are people in the town feeling about historical site reconstruction?","answer":"Healthy"}
{"text":["The MIT Media Lab has been under fire for the past several weeks for its financial links to deceased sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. The lab's director, Joi Ito, initially said he had accepted $525,000 and more for his own private tech investment funds from Epstein, and he apologized. Now The New Yorker has detailed the lengths to which the MIT lab went to conceal its acceptance of millions of dollars more in gifts arranged by Epstein. Today, Ito formally resigned, writing, quote, \"after giving the matter a great deal of thought over the past several days and weeks, I think that it is best that I resign as director of the media lab and as a professor and employee of the institute, effective immediately\" - unquote. Joining us to talk about this is NPR media correspondent David Folkenflik from New York.","David, welcome back. Thanks for joining us.","My pleasure.","Could you just walk us through the scale of this?How far did MIT go to conceal their ties with Jeffrey Epstein?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Joi Ito received money from Jeffrey Epstein, leading to his resignation from the Media Lab.","questions":"Which institution's director resigned due to their financial links with Jeffrey Epstein?","answer":"MIT"}
{"text":["I could live there. But, you know, as things stand now, it's difficult for me to live there because, you know, in Cape Town - Cape Town is a cosmopolitan city now. I mean, it has been cosmopolitan city for many, many years. Mogadishu has stopped being a cosmopolitan city. It was a cosmopolitan city many years ago - one of the most celebrated cosmopolitan cities. I can imagine living in Somalia, but it has - Somalia has to change. I have changed and therefore Somalia must change. And that would be the case if one, there was peace. Two, if I could live anonymously which is not possible all the time, but it could be. And then if there are book shops and cultural, you know, stuff that one can do and get involved in. There is no such thing now. Civil war dominates everything and one's everyday life in Somalia, which is quite tragic. Well, this is not the life I would like to live.","Nuruddin Farah. His new novel: \"Hiding In Plain Sight. \"","Thank you so much for being with us.","My pleasure, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In this context, \"My pleasure\" is a polite response to thank someone for the opportunity to speak or participate in something, and it does not convey an actual feeling of pleasure. Similarly, \"Thank you\" in this context is not an expression of gratitude, but rather a polite way to acknowledge the conversation or interaction coming to an end.","questions":"Which phrase is used as a polite response to thank someone for the opportunity to speak or participate in something?","answer":"My-pleasure"}
{"text":["Where does he publish his stuff?","Also in supermarkets - well, there are couple of journals that he published almost everything. The Journal of - wait, I've got to look these up now. Psychological Reports is one of them.","I just want to know because I feel like I might want to read them. I mean. . .","Oh, you should. You should, I think. I try not to tell people what they should do, but Trinkaus' reports are so interesting. Psychological Reports is the name of one journal and Perceptual and Motor Skills is the other journal. They are sister journals. He also gets annoyed in the street when he watches people driving. He got annoyed that somebody near his house - there were lots of somebodies - don't always stop, come to a compete stop at an intersection. So he sat at the intersection for several hours. There's a stop sign there, and he counted. Of the cars that come to this intersection, how many come to a complete stop and how many do not?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A needs to check the names of the journals.","questions":"How many journals did Trinkaus publish in?","answer":"Two"}
{"text":["Yeah, my mom was one of those moms that loved pretty much everything I did and encouraged me to do it and also just instilled in me a love for books and for reading. You know, she read to us all the time.","Yeah.","Yeah, just enjoying the ideas and the things that I did meant so much. And my dad was, you know, more critical, and I think maybe that balance was crucial, too. But I used to come home - Mom tells me I used to come home from kindergarten and I'd sit up on, you know, the kitchen counter and basically spend an hour telling her the story we heard, you know, from story time. And that's because she wanted to hear it, or at least, you know, gave me that impression. And I would - I just - I learned to tell stories and to, yeah, just enjoy that process of crafting a story for a person. And in that case, it was my mom. So yeah, I can't say enough about Mama.","It's funny because there's a cartoon that I've just turned to here that shows a couple of married couples chatting, and the wife in one of the couples says our son wants to be a comedian, so we're getting a nasty divorce."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"instilled in me a love for books\" - this means that the speaker's mother taught and encouraged them to love books, not that the mother literally implanted something inside the speaker to make them love books.","questions":"What did the PersonA's mother do to encourage their love for books?","answer":"encouraged"}
{"text":["It had some effect.","Well, thanks very much for being with us, Serena and Olivier Blanchard. Serena Blanchard's hieroglyphics appears in all editions of the classic \"Lectures on Macroeconomics,\" by Stanley Fischer and Olivier Blanchard. Pick up your copy. . .",". . . at your local airport bookstore.","Thank you both very much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Well, thanks very much for being with us, Serena and Olivier Blanchard. Serena Blanchard's hieroglyphics appears in all editions of the classic \"Lectures on Macroeconomics,\" by Stanley Fischer and Olivier Blanchard. Pick up your copy... Implicated meaning: The speaker indirectly suggests that Serena Blanchard's contribution or writing in \"Lectures on Macroeconomics\" is difficult to understand or decipher, comparing it to hieroglyphics.","questions":"How is Serena Blanchard's writing in \"Lectures on Macroeconomics\" described?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["That's why things spin, hurricanes and. . .","Yeah. . .",". . . spin in one direction.",". . . why everything spins. And it has to do with the fact that the Earth is rotating. So it's a physics problem.","So tell us, describe. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn 4: \"it's a physics problem\" is used figuratively to mean that the reason for everything spinning is related to the laws of physics, whereas its literal meaning is that it's a problem related to the field of physics.","questions":"Which turn uses the phrase \"figuratively\"?","answer":"Turn4"}
{"text":["It could be any number of things, Scott. It - there was a sidebar that, as you know, was sealed. In other words, the conversation was not made public. Could be something related to a witness scheduling issue. It could be something related to an issue that the government and the defense jointly need to work out. Could be any number of things.","I raise this because, of course, the judge has gotten a lot of attention for being tough on the prosecution. He even apologized for being too sharp. You've appeared before Judge Ellis.","Many times.","Is he crankery and colorful, or does he cross the line?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is questioning if Judge Ellis is fair and impartial or if he crosses the line with his behavior.","questions":"What is PersonB questioning about Judge Ellis?","answer":"Impartiality"}
{"text":["Yeah. And, of course, the child actors and their parents want success, too, don't they?They're ambitious.","They're ambitious. They want what it appears is coming easily to everyone else. I was incredibly lucky. My mother was not a stage parent. The boundaries weren't blurred between her career and mine. There are a lot of parents out there willing to look away to let things happen.","The more heartbreaking one to me - no, it's just a different form of heartbreaking - are the parents who are just ignorant to how this business works. And they can be told something like, oh, we all go out to dinner together. Oh, now it's just me and the boy, or now it's just me and the girl.","Among the sentences in your article that chilled me was this one - sexual predation has been part of the movie business since \"The Great Train Robbery,\" and since then, it has been systematically swept under the rug."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"B: You once said to (laughter) a contestant - I wonder if you even remember it. I'm going to do my bad Paul Hollywood imitation now. (Imitating accent) Your ganache lacks shine.\" implies that B is telling a funny story about A's past behavior, specifically about A's imitation of Paul Hollywood's critique of a contestant's ganache. The literal meaning is just a description of B's words and actions.","questions":"Which contestant did PersonA imitate in their bad Paul Hollywood imitation according to PersonB's story?","answer":"Contestant"}
{"text":["Make sure you got the right booty shorts on.","Well, it depends on the job you're applying for, I guess.","Yeah. I guess it does. No. I think you're bringing up something that's happening not only in the employment sector, but also for college admissions, and all types of things. So it's finding itself, trickling down into other areas. So the bottom line, first foremost, remember that the Internet is a public space. All right?Anything that you put up there can ultimately - I don't care if you're password protected or not. Ultimately that could be copied, found, and reposted somewhere else. So first and foremost, make sure that your content that you're revealing of yourself is something that you're comfortable with showing to a possible employer or a college admissions officer.","Secondly, use it to your advantage. Use these things like LinkedIn. You create your own blog site. Make sure that some of the discussion that is out there about you, you're controlling that. Make sure you have your own presence online. So talk about some of the extracurricular activities, your hobbies, your interests, things that you've done really, really well or you're very proud about, and take advantage of some of that. I think that's something to really take consideration of because this is a time where people are actually looking at these online sources, and you have to separate between your social life and your business life, and be able to understand how to do that in this online world."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Be mindful of the content you share online as it can affect job and college opportunities.","questions":"How can your online presence affect your future opportunities?","answer":"Opportunities"}
{"text":["I think, given what we know about the internal divisions within Iran on some of these issues and the - their negotiating behavior in the past where they've made outrageous public statements and then in negotiations walk right - walked them right back, I wouldn't put too much credence in those statements at this point.","How much confidence do you have that the sanctions and the negotiations are going to be fruitful?","I think that this is going to create the best opportunity we've had in many, many years to test the seriousness of the Iranians and whether they're willing, you know, really, they're - they have a choice between either saving their economy and being part of - a viable part of the region or pursuing a nuclear weapons program that will make them a pariah, even more of a pariah than they are today. That's a pretty fundamental strategic choice. And I think we'll know in the coming weeks and months what choice they make.","Why won't deterrence and containment work with Iran?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"a viable part of the region\" means being accepted and respected by other countries in the region, rather than being physically viable.","questions":"How does \"viable\" relate to Iran's position in the region?","answer":"Accepted"}
{"text":["That is Binyamin Appelbaum. He writes about economics for The New York Times, and he's written a new book, called, \"The Economists' Hour\" that traces what he calls a revolution in the way we think about economists.","This quiet but really important revolution that happens, really, beginning in the late 1960s and the early 1970s, where economists begin to gain tremendous influence over public policy in the United States.","In fact, that young economist who told his wife he had no future at the Fed, that was Paul Volcker. He became one of a small group of economists who made themselves indispensable to U. S.  presidents. Volcker rose to become the chairman of the Federal Reserve in the Carter and Reagan years.","So I asked Appelbaum, how did a bunch of economists go from nobodies to being important people?And he said it's pretty simple. In an era of real economic problems, they promised solutions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Economists became important because they promised solutions to economic problems.","questions":"What did economists promise to become important?","answer":"Solutions"}
{"text":["Anil Kashyap is a professor of economics at the famed school of economics at the University of Chicago. Professor, welcome to Day to Day. What do you think about this news, the government is buying into the banks?","I think it's a much better solution than the possibility of just buying up troubled assets. The reason I say that is because the credit markets are frozen right now because banks are essentially unwilling to lend to each other. And that's what's putting the economy at risk for a recession. For that to become unhinged, and for the credit markets to start working again, banks need to become confident that, if they do lend to another bank, they're going to get their money bank.","But, professor, isn't the government buying the banks?Isn't this kind of like the first step to nationalization or some kind of partial nationalization of the banks?Isn't the University of Chicago, I don't know, blowing up?","Well, I don't know. Milton Friedman taught us that policy incompetence in the Great Depression was one of the things that exacerbated the Great Depression. And sitting by and letting the banking system grind to the ground is certainly not in the national interest. At this point, if the choice is, let the banking system implode or use some government money in an intelligent way to prop up the banking system, I think almost all responsible economists here or elsewhere would choose the latter."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Using government money to prop up the banking system is better than letting it implode.","questions":"What is the reason for the credit markets being frozen?","answer":"Unwilling."}
{"text":["No.","So give an ABC, a little ABCs of how, let's say, Plan B works.","Yeah, so it depends on when you take it. You have to be aware when the fertile window is. So it's five days before ovulation and then about maximum one day after ovulation. And if you take it before the LH surge has started, then it works by either blocking follicular development and ovulation or by postponing it.","But if LH has started to rise, then it's too late, and it has no effect, and ovulation will occur. And it has no effect after ovulation, no effect on the fallopian tube or on the endometrium, that is the uterine lining. And actually if a woman has miscalculated, so she's already pregnant, it has no negative effect on the pregnancy, on the fetus or on the newborn baby. And it can't interrupt a pregnancy, but it has absolutely no effect."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : So give an ABC, a little ABCs of how, let's say, Plan B works","questions":"How does Plan PersonB work?","answer":"Blocking"}
{"text":["It really is. I don't think that people have an eye on the ground view. We're trying to help people. But helping people macro doesn't really satisfy people micro when it's happening in a neighborhood.","All right, Dr.  Melvo, thank you very much. Always good to hear your points of view.","Thank you, Tony.","That was author and economist, Dr.  Julienne Malveaux. She is also the president of Bennett College for Women in Greensboro, North Carolina."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Eye on the ground\" is not literal. It implies that people should view the situation from close up rather than far away.","questions":"How does the term \"Eye on the ground\" convey the idea of viewing the situation?","answer":"Close"}
{"text":["Out of respect, I don't want to go there, out of curiosity I do.","How much are you willing to tell us about how your innocence was stolen from you?","Well, growing up in a Christian family, you would have thought what happened to me would never happen because my mother loved me and she was very much aware of who I am, but I was a very mature little girl. And at 14, I was allowed to have a crush on a man who was 21. And because he was worldly, and had money, and he'd been in the Navy, you know, and I was, like, all little girls seek older men and we go, Oh my God, he's so cute. Oh my God, oh my God, oh my God.","Well, somehow in there my father wasn't watching, my mother was watching very closely and thought she could handle the situation and she allowed this relationship to happen. It should not have happened. I should not have been allowed to date a man, it made me have insecurities at an early age that I should never have had, but a man who could manipulate a little girl's mind and her heart. He was allowed to do things he shouldn't have done."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A was taken advantage of by a manipulative older man in her youth.","questions":"Which man took advantage of A?","answer":"oldman"}
{"text":["What should we make of these shocking statistics?","I think to most Alaskans, these statistics aren't surprising. Anyone who lives here knows someone or is themselves a victim of sexual violence. And so this is a reality that Alaskan residents are constantly made aware of.","You say in an opinion piece you wrote for the Anchorage Daily News that 59 percent of women in Alaska say they've been sexually assaulted.","That's right. And it should be noted that, though that number is remarkable, it is likely that that number is also conservative. And we should also note that amongst the 59 percent of Alaska women, 61 percent are Alaska Native, which makes Alaska Native women almost 10 times more likely than other Alaskans to be victims."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Alaska Native women are at a significantly higher risk of being victims of sexual assault.","questions":"What group of women are disproportionately affected by sexual assault in Alaska?","answer":"Alaska"}
{"text":["And now it's letter time. Our editor Sasa Woodruff is here with me. Hey, Sasa.","Hey Farai, how's it going?","I am great. So, what are listeners filling our inbox with this week?","We got a few letters about the interview you did with Rick Warren this week. Celine Welch(ph) in Fort Worth, Texas, wrote into say she was a fan of the show, but not of the interview you did with the influential pastor."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Sasa Woodruff is not physically present with B","questions":"How is Sasa Woodruff present with B?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N.  official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?","Yanghee Lee, the U. N. 's special rapporteur for human rights in Myanmar, has been denied entry. A U. N.  fact-finding mission has been denied entry. If there was going to be a return - and this is premature - but if there was going to be a return, there would have to be some sort of international monitoring in place.","Myanmar sees most of the Rohingya as illegal migrants who originally came from Bangladesh generations ago. Bangladesh does not want them either. We're seeing a new generation growing up in refugee camps. In many ways, they are stateless people. Bangladesh is not giving newborns, for example, documents to show that they have any status at all in the country. So what is the way forward?","The bottom line is they - Rohingya have been in Myanmar for centuries. They have legitimate claims to citizenship there. And the notion that they're stateless or somehow they are kind of an alien people is nonsense. It is nonsense. It is a myth perpetrated by the authorities in Myanmar. So yeah, the government of Bangladesh should have policies that are tolerant and willing to take care of the Rohingya for as long as they need to be taken care of. But the culprit here is the government and the military in Myanmar."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The government and military of Myanmar are responsible for the mistreatment of the Rohingya.","questions":"Which group is responsible for the mistreatment of the Rohingya?","answer":"Government"}
{"text":["Well, there is actually a pretty good and well-established hypothesis about what actually happened 1300 years ago. There was giant lake of fresh water that spilled into the North Atlantic - this was sort of leftover water from the last ice age - and all this water affected the ocean circulation in the North Atlantic and stopped a conveyor belt of both water and air that was bringing warm air up from the equatorial regions to higher latitudes. And that's been the leading hypothesis for what caused this event, which is called the Younger Dryas. And so, somehow or other, they would have to figure out how the comet impact\/collision event would fit in with this pretty well-established idea that there was this huge burst of fresh, cold water that went into the North Atlantic.","So, how will all this get sorted out?","Well, more data are needed, I think, is what scientists are fond of saying, and this is certainly a case where that is true.","NPR science correspondent, Richard Harris, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Scientists need more data to confirm their hypotheses.","questions":"How do scientists propose to confirm their hypotheses?","answer":"Data"}
{"text":["Yeah. So you know, scientists know how to read the genetic code. What they want to do now is what they call write the genetic code, write DNA. And what that means is they essentially want to assemble or manufacture genomes from the chemical building blocks it's made of for all kinds of living organisms, including, as you said, people. And they want to be able do it in their labs quickly, efficiently and cheaply so it becomes something really practical and easy to do.","Well, I guess the question is - why do they want to do this?But also, it sounds like almost acting like creators themselves. I mean, are they acting as - can they create something completely new?","Yeah, well that's it. They actually - that's what they want to do. They basically want to harness the power of biology to solve some of the biggest problems that faces humanity right now. It's a field of science known as synthetic biology. And basically, what they want to do is they want to be able to build genetic codes, sort of like the way computer programs program computers. They want to be able to write DNA, rewrite it - to be able to make organisms, living things, do whatever they want it to do.","OK. This does sound controversial. Tell us why."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The use of synthetic biology is likely to be controversial as it involves scientists manipulating and creating living organisms.","questions":"How can synthetic biology be seen?","answer":"Write"}
{"text":["I don't think that the Russian trolls sitting in a factory in St.  Petersburg have First Amendment rights to communicate without restriction on Facebook. I don't think that's the issue here. The question is are we being reasonable when we expect an open platform like this to be able to wholly protect us from being exposed to that kind of information?But I do worry about overreacting to this threat of propaganda. And I do think that on some level we have to trust our citizens to be able to separate fact from fiction.","Do you have any words for Americans who support free speech but don't know where to turn and who to trust on social media?","Well, one of the things that's been encouraging in the last two years is how much Americans have turned to more trusted sources of news. People really are looking for more reliable news sources. And that's a positive development. It's never been easier to find good, responsible, interesting news. It's never been harder to avoid the bad stuff. So, I just think that what we really need to be teaching here is citizenship and judgment. And I do have some faith in the American people that they're going to figure this out.","Ben Wizner, who's director of the ACLU's Speech Privacy and Technology Project, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A believes that Facebook should be responsible for protecting people from propaganda, but not necessarily limit free speech. 2. A believes that people should be able to distinguish between fact and fiction on their own.","questions":"How does PersonA feel about overreacting to the threat of propaganda?","answer":"Worry"}
{"text":["Patricia is moving over Mexico, downgraded from the most powerful hurricane ever recorded to a tropical depression. She was less damaging than expected. Hurricane force winds were spared to the coastal cities like Puerto Vallarta. Daniel Lozano, the director general of the Mexican Red Cross, is overseeing the emergency response. He joins us from Mexico City now. Mr.  Lozano, you must be very busy. Thanks very much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott. It's a pleasure to be with you and the audience.","Can you tell us what's going on there now?","Well, as you mentioned, fortunately the hurricane downgraded very fast and we were expecting a greater impact in several cities and communities of Jalisco, Colima and the states around that area. But fortunately no major damages have been registered so far."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The director general of the Mexican Red Cross is relieved that no significant damage has been reported and is thankful for the quick downgrade of Patricia.","questions":"Which organization is headed by the director mentioned in turn 3 of the dialogue?","answer":"Mexican-Red-Cross"}
{"text":["And then if you go down river, as you get closer to Arkansas, some communities, like Braggs and Webbers Falls, have been totally emptied out. One mayor earlier this week told people that if they refuse to evacuate, they should write their identification on their arm.","Wow. I mean, it does sound as though it's just an overwhelmingly awful combination of floods and tornadoes and bad weather. What are people saying as you are out and about interviewing people and, I guess, just talking to your own neighbors?","Well, people here are well-practiced. When we went into the basement on Saturday night with a tornado warning that hit near our home, our neighbors had their medication already prepared in plastic bags to take into the basement. But this has just been every day for nearly a month. And when you constantly have warnings coming through on your cell phone for floods and tornado watches and thunderstorms, it is hard to not just shut down.","Yeah. Today, of course, is a holiday, Memorial Day. But are schools on track, businesses on track for business as usual tomorrow?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People in some communities refuse to evacuate despite being warned of floods and tornadoes.","questions":"Which communities have been emptied out?","answer":"Braggs"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","So. . .","So I take it you don't like it.","I think it's kind of a joke. I think it has nothing to do with Wall Street.","Well, bullish markets - that sort of thing - yeah?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is asking the other person to continue the conversation.","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion on the topic discussed in the conversation?","answer":"Opinion"}
{"text":["I was actually wavering in the blocks. And I saw on the video that some sort of bad form. But they fired the gun and I took off and things were going OK. They weren't going great, my strides were a little bit off. But I never hit an off-leg on a hurdle. As I went around the second turn and came into the final 100 meters, I looked to my left and realized that I was right in the middle of the pack. And that really surprised me. And at that point, I figured as long as I finish, this is a success. And as I got to the very end, right before the finish line, I glanced up at the scoreboard which showed the clock running. And realized that I ended up with a pretty good time. And so I crossed the finish line. I beat my personal goal by two seconds and managed to beat one other runner in the race.","Well, that raises this question professor. You're - I mean, you're a teacher right?","Correct.","You have devoted your professional life to helping, encouraging, enriching the lives of youngsters, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The speaker is not only referring to a specific incident but also highlighting the larger issue of racism in the country and how it affects individuals on a personal level.","questions":"What larger issue is the speaker highlighting?","answer":"Racism"}
{"text":["That we've got to put this behind us. If we keep worrying about all that happened and all the things that have been unfair - the whole thing is unfair. We're going to have to move past it and look forward with hope so that we can move on with our lives.","Loren Lighthall is the principal of Paradise High School.","Thank you very much, and we wish you so much luck in your next chapter.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer","questions":"How was the actual meaning of turn 1 different from the original meaning?","answer":"Differ"}
{"text":["Look, next season the NBA's going to have to wait around for the Harrison twins - aren't they?- from the University of Kentucky?They announced they're coming back. What's going on - they want to stay in school?What'll they learn there?","(Laughter) Some actually do. It's ironic, isn't it, for Kentucky head coach John Calipari to - the man who's mastered the one-and-done phenomenon. He's so used to recruiting top high school players, grooming them for a year and then saying goodbye. But along with the Harrisons, four other key players from the team that lost the title game just this month, players who could have left, decided not to.","And in the meantime, Calipari has recruited another bunch of amazing high schoolers. So not only is Kentucky already the absolute preseason favorite for next year, it'll be a real challenge for Coach Cal to find enough playing time for his surplus of amazing talent.","And Tom, we lost Earl Morrall this week, maybe the greatest sub of all time, wasn't he?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I'm not mad\" might imply that the speaker is indeed upset, but they don't want to express it openly. It could also imply that the speaker is trying to downplay their emotions and wants the listener to know that they should not be worried or feel responsible for the speaker's emotional state.","questions":"Which statement might indicate that the speaker is trying to downplay their emotions?","answer":"Downplay"}
{"text":["Now, there's also the toll, you know, that this takes on judges. I mean, that's precisely what Judge Arrington said. He said, seeing the same black faces walk in and out of his courtroom year after year takes its toll.","When you first became a judge in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, did you feel like it was something that you brought home with you, that you felt a weight on yourself?","Oh, no doubt about it. I mean, I'm a control freak, and I'm goal oriented. I took recidivism personally. Every time I saw that same guy or that same woman come back in, it was a failure on my part.","And I did. And it hurt me. And I've cried. I've made defendants cry. I had the whole courtroom crying once because my sense of hurt was so real and so immediate."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : THE WHOLE COURTROOM CRYING BECAUSE OF THE HURT WHICH IS REAL AND ITS HURT","questions":"How did the courtroom react to the judge's sense of hurt?","answer":"Crying"}
{"text":["They were part of the crew of the USS Monitor, a celebrated Civil War ship that helped open a new era in naval warfare. The ship was ironclad, powered by steam instead of sails, and supported a rotating gun turret. The Monitor sank in a storm in 1862. Sixteen of 62 men on board went down with their ship. They were thought to be lost forever until 2002. The Monitor was being restored and the remains of two of the sailors were discovered in the turret. We're joined now by historian Anna Holloway. She's curator of the USS Monitor Center in Newport, Virginia. Thank very much for being with us.","Well, thank you so much for having me.","What do we know about these two sailors who have finally been buried?","Well, we still don't know their names, and that is one of the ongoing mysteries about these two heroes of the USS Monitor. However, as you mention, 16 men went down with the vessel, so there are 16 possibilities. Now, forensics tells us a little bit about them - their relative heights, their ages and their race - so that does narrow it down a bit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There are no turns in the given conversation that have a meaning different from their literal meanings. All the turns convey their literal meanings without any implied or figurative language.","questions":"What is the mystery surrounding the two sailors discovered in the turret of the USS Monitor?","answer":"Names"}
{"text":["That President Obama looked at what a no-fly zone could do and realized it would not do enough. He needed to authorize that aircraft could strike ground targets as well.","Yeah. I mean, I think, you know, almost all of these things, once you start, there is significant pressure for it to escalate. So when, you know, another example, when Bill Clinton starts NATO air strikes in Serbia, in the Kosovo War in 1999 to protect Kosovar Albanians who were being massacred by Serbian nationalists, then the Clinton administration starts out doing air strikes and then comes under lots and lots of pressure to say air strikes aren't enough, air strikes are not really saving civilian populations on the ground. You need to do more.","So I think, you know, I think when the Obama administration looks at this, then there's a debate about - on the one hand, you could say - and it's not that the Obama administration is considering troops on the ground because they're definitely not. But if you're arming the rebels in Syria, does that create more pressure for you to support them or does it mean that the rebels can stand on their own two feet, which means less pressure on the Obama administration to get involved?","Well, you're talking about the law of unintended consequences. If you're supporting them and recognize them and they start to lose, what do you do then?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The rebels can handle their rebellion without anyone helping them.","questions":"Which group can stand on their own two feet?","answer":"Rebels"}
{"text":["The problem is 90 percent of space in our military is in the Air Force. So what we're basically going to be doing is taking the current infrastructure - for example, Space Command in Colorado Springs will become the headquarters for the Space Corps. We're talking about taking the people that we need to take that deal with space and segregating them into a culture that appreciates them.","The Air Force has pushed back on this. The Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson said, quote, \"the Pentagon is complicated enough. This will make it more complex, add more boxes to the organization chart and cost more money. \"Is she wrong?","She's absolutely wrong. The bureaucracy is always going to fight reform - always, especially the Pentagon. They're fighting this because they don't want Congress meddling. You know, what I've told her is, in 16 years, the Air Force has not changed a thing. And they've got us in this situation now where Russia and China have become near peers. They're close to surpassing us. What we're proposing would change that.","I think what some people would say is that we are cooperating with the Russians on the International Space Station. Should space be the new frontier of warfare, or should it actually be a place where, indeed, these cooperations flourish?After all, we are all on one planet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"They're fighting this because they don't want Congress meddling\" - This phrase implies that the Pentagon is resisting the proposed changes to the military because they want to maintain their own control and autonomy, and they are concerned that Congress may interfere with their operations.","questions":"How are the Pentagon's actions regarding the proposed changes to the military motivated?","answer":"Control"}
{"text":["I think both can be true. I think - look. It's outrageous that there's an invoice. But it's not new. The invoice was not given lately. It was given to Special Representative Yun when he went to North Korea to collect Otto Warmbier. And at that point, when you're giving that invoice, you sign, and you leave. So it's not new. That's one. Second, it's not unique, either. When. . .","It's not unique to negotiations with North Korea or. . .","Correct - North Korea specifically.","North Korea specifically has a habit of this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Although it's not new, it's still outrageous that there's an invoice for collecting Otto Warmbier.","questions":"Which country's habit is specifically mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"North-Korea"}
{"text":["Underserved communities are neglected from the outside in. You know, we're talking about citizenry that have demonstrated a love for their community, have demonstrated a loyalty to the community and city as a whole, and they are the heart and soul of culture and cuisine for so many decades in New Orleans. And to let that go, means we've lost perspective of what is truly important in the society, and that's the root of what our culture is all about, you know, the intersection between people and life itself. And when we lose the priority of that, then we've lost our way as a city. And so the 9th Ward is emblematic of that. While a lot of the city is thriving, until the 9th Ward comes back, we won't be whole, and that's why we believe we should be there as a company.","A grocery store is not everything a neighborhood needs, but it is one of the things a neighborhood needs.","Mm-hmm.","Do you hope that, alongside the growth of Sterling Farms, will come those other necessities - a better school system, the infrastructure elements of sewage and power and water - everything that the people need to get their community going again?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"a neighborhood needs\" Here, the phrase \"needs\" is used in a broader sense, indicating that a grocery store is one of the necessary elements for a neighborhood's well-being, rather than the literal physical requirements.","questions":"What is the broader significance of the phrase \"a neighborhood needs\" in the context of the dialogue?","answer":"Well-being"}
{"text":["Their main achievement was that they submitted documents to the United Nations, formally joining the Paris climate agreement. And on the occasion President Obama said that some day we may see this as the moment that we finally decided to save our planet. President Xi Jinping, meanwhile, called on other countries to follow their example. Now, a lot more countries still have to formally join this agreement for it to take effect. But the U. S.  and China submitted their documents ahead of schedule, and this just means that the commitments that these countries made in Paris can be put into action that much sooner.","This is the first time China has hosted this summit. Does it have a goal in mind as to why it's doing it?","Well, first of all, you know, by hosting this for the first time, to many Chinese it really marks the first time that they've had an equal seat at the rulemaking table since World War II. They feel that they're now the world's second-largest economy, and they want a say that's commensurate with that status. So far, a lot of the rules have been made by the Group of Seven or Group of Eight industrialized nations. China has not been a part of that, and they want a more equitable system represented by the G-20 that does a better job of taking into account the needs of developing nations like itself.","Do we know what's on the agenda?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"... it really marks the first time that they've had an equal seat at the rulemaking table since World War II.\" This turn has a figurative meaning, as it suggests that China sees itself as an equal player in global decision-making and wants to have a greater say in international affairs, rather than literally referring to a physical table.","questions":"How does turn 2 suggest China's position in global decision-making?","answer":"Equality"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So, first off, what is criminalistics?","Criminalistics is the application of the physical sciences to matters of law and science. The physical sciences being biology, chemistry and physics, and any question that might become of interest to not only law enforcement but the legal system in general, whether it's criminal or civil law. Questions of science can be answered and aid in the assignment of responsibility and guilt or innocence in certain types of situations.","Duane, why don't you describe to us some of the work that you did with actual cases when you were at the California Department of Justice?I mean, what was your job, literally and physically?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : you imply that something is the case you imply that something is the case","questions":"Which turn implies that someone is expressing gratitude?","answer":"0"}
{"text":["It occurred on August 1st, in the late hours of the morning. One Serbian fell, and another (unintelligible) porter fell as well trying to rescue him, and that was the beginning of the fatalities. However, the serac fall, which stranded most of the climbers, didn't occur until quite late in the evening on August 1st.","A serac is a big column of ice, a big sheet of ice. And it fell off the mountain, and that complicated things for a lot of people. What were conditions like?","The weather was completely calm, very cold and clear, which is normal. No wind and as the day began to - as the sun began to rise, the weather was actually better than we could have hoped for. But, of course, things changed. The wind began to pick up the next day as people were stranded, and that complicated the rescue effort.","You were attempting to summit on that day, weren't you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"And it complicated things for a lot of people.\" - The implied meaning here is that the serac fall caused significant problems and challenges, rather than just making things more difficult.","questions":"How did the serac fall affect the climbers?","answer":"Problems"}
{"text":["The government said the first round of elections didn't produce a majority. That meant a runoff, but since the runoff plan was announced, locals have died or been beaten in election-related violence. International reporters and diplomats have been detained or expelled, food aid for malnourished people has reportedly been confiscated by the government, and Tsvangirai has faced threats and government detention during his campaigning. In fact, Tsvangirai was just released hours ago from yet another detention. We spoke with the Zimbabwean opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai, shortly before his latest detention. He shared his perspective on the election, and told us about the work he is doing with the American-based media outlet MTVU.","You have stood for election, seen that the government says that you did not win a majority, been detained, waited for a runoff. What was the moment when you most despaired during this process of the election and the post-election?","I think the most despairing moment was the waiting for the results, when we knew that we had won the election, and that the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission was not announcing the result. I think it was the worst moment, of waiting.","How do you think the MDC supporters are doing right now?Have people - there have been widespread beatings, detentions. Do you think that people are still willing whenever the runoff actually happens, to go out and vote?Or are some people going to be too afraid?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The government rigged the election and caused violence.","questions":"What caused the violence?","answer":"Rigging"}
{"text":["Power went out, so hopefully it will come back out soon.","So, power is already out.","Yeah.","I understand that Johnny White's is a good gathering spot. But what are you going to do for food and water and all that kind of stuff?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A is stating the obvious about the power being out","questions":"Which utility failed?","answer":"Power"}
{"text":[". . . a day. And. . .",". . . capsized on this catamaran. He's there with this guy called Rene Wassing, the Dutch anthropologist, and his last words are: I think I can make it.","I think I can make it. And he dove in and swam to shore, and was never seen again.","Now, you went to Asmat yourself. You are a writer who's worked in many countries, but you say this is 10,000 square miles of maybe one of the wildest places on earth.","Yeah. It's the southwest coast of what's now Indonesian Papua, was then Dutch New Guinea; and it is a swamp."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) A says that Asmat is \"maybe one of the wildest places on earth\", but the actual meaning is that Asmat is an extremely remote and dangerous place, rather than simply \"wild\" in the sense of being untamed or full of wildlife.","questions":"What is the actual meaning of Asmat being described as \"one of the wildest places on earth\"?","answer":"Remote"}
{"text":["Good to talk to you.","How important an event was this that Mr.  Kim missed?","It was a very important event. It's an event in a mausoleum where his father, previously ruler of North Korea is buried, interred, and so is his grandfather, the founding leader of North Korea. So it was a big deal. Kim Jong Un has not been seen since September 3, when he attended a concert in Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea, with his wife.","Before that, he'd been seen frequently, but always waddling with a really bad limp. He was clearly in discomfort, and finally the North Korean authorities said he is in physical discomfort. So there's something up. We don't quite know what. The speculation is he's had surgery, he's ill, ranging right through to there's been a coup, and he's lost power or certainly being shunted away from power. That's the speculation.","Now, we're talking about somebody who - as my recollection is - he's on television every two minutes. So this must be a tremendous vacuum in the lives of North Koreans."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies that Kim Jong Un is either ill or has lost power, ","questions":"How would you describe Kim Jong Un's current status?","answer":"Ill\/Lost-power"}
{"text":["Give us a call, our number 1-800-989-8255. You can also tweet us @scifri. Gerald Crabtree is the David Korn Professor of Pathology and Developmental Biology at Stanford School of Medicine. He's also an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Good morning, Ira.","Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?","Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Genetically-based intelligence decline is so slow that it cannot be detected within existing generations","questions":"What is the speed of genetically-based intelligence decline?","answer":"Slow"}
{"text":["Does an event like this and forecast like that have the effect of concentrating the mind of not just financial planners. . .",". . . but people in Congress making these decisions. And I hear a little laugh.","You would think it would. And in the past, it has. I mean, as they gotten closer to the deadline, enough fear spread that they could pass something or do something or kick the can or whatever. But this time, one of the things that makes this time feel different is that there really are a lot of House Republicans who say, ah, let it default. It'll just shrink the government, will be all good. And it is an act of - I don't even know how to describe it. It's insanity.","Yeah. Well, Austan Goolsbee, I believe, used that word. Quick last question, if we could. So, October 17th is a real deadline but you think some of the effects, potentially, will be down the road."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase \"concentrating the mind\" is a figurative expression meaning that the event and forecast are likely to focus the attention of not just financial planners, but also people in Congress making decisions.","questions":"How does the phrase \"concentrating the mind\" apply to financial planners and members of Congress in the dialogue?","answer":"Focus"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News & Notes. It seems that wherever the Olympics go, politics follow. And the 1960 summer Olympics in Rome brought all sorts of culture clashes to the fore. Journalist David Maraniss has written the book \"Rome 1960: The Olympics That Changed the World. \"David, welcome.","Thanks Farai. Great to be with you.","So this was the first nationally televised Olympics. And several African countries were fighting for independence, but no black African had won a gold medal thus far in the Olympics. That was about to change dramatically. So tell us about who changed that.","Who changed that was Abebe Bikila, a marathoner from Ethiopia. You're right, there had been no black African gold medalists before him. The summer of 1960 was a summer of enormous transformation in Africa. Fourteen nations got their independence that summer, throwing off the yoke of colonialism. And Abebe Bikila from Ethiopia sort of is the first of the great African runners."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Abebe Bikila is the first of the great African runners","questions":"Which Ethiopian marathoner is mentioned in the dialogue as the first of the great African runners?","answer":"Abebe-Bikila"}
{"text":["Thanks to everyone who wrote in.","And best of luck to all of you out there who, like us, are trying to reinvent yourselves.","And thanks to our senior producer, Steve Proffitt. Steve, thank you. I don't know; what shall call you now from now on, if you're going to reinvent yourself?","How about Steve?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They wished luck to people that are trying to make changes in their lives that make them act different or live different than they did before.","questions":"What did PersonA wish to the people who are trying to reinvent themselves?","answer":"Luck"}
{"text":["And those two factors - genetic variation and large populations - are perfect recipes for Darwinian evolution. So RNA viruses evolve very quickly. They adapt very quickly. If they pass from one species of host into another - for instance, from a bat, or a monkey or a rodent, into humans - they seem to have a better chance of flourishing, of adapting to the new host and finding ways to transmit onward. So the RNA viruses, the single-stranded RNA viruses, are particularly on the watch list for the disease scientists who study this field.","I'm Flora Lichtman, and this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with David Quammen about his book \"Spillover. \"Are we reservoir hosts for viruses that have caused pandemics in other animals?","Well, certainly we've caused disease. It does go the other way. It can go either direction whenever there's fairly close contact. For instance, Jane Goodall's chimps in Gombe in Tanzania, in the late '60s, suffered what seems to have been a little epidemic of polio. A number of the Gombe chimps died.","And that polio virus is thought to be non-zoonotic. It's thought to be a virus that only affects humans, but it's capable of passing from humans into chimps. So it seems to have made those chimps sick and killed some of them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The polio virus can pass from humans to chimpanzees.","questions":"What virus can affect both humans and chimpanzees?","answer":"Polio"}
{"text":["Here's what used to happen in the old days. People would only put 100,000 dollars in Broadway because they knew that was the maximum FDIC insurance. They put a million dollars in Bank of America. They figured, well, I only - because Bank of America only has the same insurance as we do, only a 100,000. So they left 900,000 dollars uninsured because they said, well, that's Bank of America. I'm only worried about Broadway. I'm not worried about Bank of America.","Hudson says the idea of a smaller bank, where you can actually talk face-to-face with the CEO, is starting to have a lot more appeal. As I sat in Paul Hudson's bank, where quotes by Langston Hughes and Frederick Douglass are painted on the walls, where there is no bulletproof glass, it made a lot of sense to me.","Most people have no relationship with their bank. It's the most impersonal relationship they have. I think that's probably why people are so stressed out about what's going on because it's almost like their world order has been disrupted. The way they thought the world rolled is not the way. So now, they're saying, well, if Merrill Lynch isn't safe, what is safe?You know, is anything safe?","Broadway Federal Bank's Paul Hudson says his bank may not have ATMs in every corner of the country, but what he can offer customers is the security of knowing they won't be needing a bailout anytime soon."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The current financial situation has disrupted people's sense of security.","questions":"Which bank CEO offers customers security from bailout?","answer":"PaulHudson"}
{"text":["So we've now been looking at harmless bacteria, so - and we've been using that as a model system. So there's, I think, two major interests. One is a biological one, a microbiological one, is understanding bacteria better. And so it turns out there's also a number of pathogens that wear these coats, and so we would really like to look at what they look like and how they're able to interact with the host. And another interest is that because they are these highly ordered structures - and really the proteins, they assemble themselves, and that's a property that material sciences are interested in. So it's those -both those aspects that are interesting.","If the bacteria have this chainmail that surrounds them, how do nutrients and things get in and out of them?","So it - there you can really compare it like a chainmail. A chainmail is also not just like the armor that we probably know. It is little rings sitting next to each other, and they have holes. The nutrients get across those holes.","And does - do - does the chainmail look the same on all different kinds of bacteria, or are there distinctive patterns on some?Could you say, oh, I recognize that one?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"So it - there you can really compare it like a chainmail.A chainmail is also not just like the armor that we probably know.It is little rings sitting next to each other, and they have holes.The nutrients get across those holes.\" - The actual meaning is that the chainmail-like structure of the bacteria's protein coats allows nutrients to pass through, not that the bacteria are literally wearing chainmail armor.","questions":"How does the chainmail-like structure allow nutrients to pass through?","answer":"Holes"}
{"text":["We don't know what, if anything, he has told the investigators thus far. But we do know, as we suggested earlier, a lot of the questions. For example, where did the guns come from?Where did the explosives come from?And where did the money for those things come from?","Well, first of all, if he is coming in and out of consciousness - which is what we understand is going on right now, in the hospital room - they really can't question him. He has to be sort of sitting up and reasonably aware of what's going on. Now, this had happened in the Abdulmutallab case, in 2009. That's the young man from Nigeria who was on Flight 253, going over Detroit, and he was wearing an underwear bomb.","And for the first 50 minutes - five, zero minutes - that he was in custody, they questioned him without Mirandizing him because they wanted to know if this is part of a broader plot. But then they Mirandized him. . .","Were there other bombs on other planes?Yes."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 1. B implies that they know more than what they have revealed about the investigation so far. 2. A implies that there was a delay in Mirandizing the suspect in the Abdulmutallab case because they wanted to gather more information.  B implies that there were other bombs on other planes.","questions":"Which case had a delay in Mirandizing the suspect?","answer":"Abdulmutallab"}
{"text":["And you do say us. You believe that you've been complicit in some small ways, too.","Of course. I believe that everybody has. I tell a story in the piece about a former colleague of mine who did not harass me but who I saw harass other people. And at a later job, that colleague, I was told, was going to be brought on. And I made this stand. No, I will not work with him. But I was on a leave at the time. And I was told - OK, it'll just be temporary. By the time you get back from your leave, he'll be gone. And he was.","However, when I got back from that leave, there were younger employees who came to me afterwards and told me that he had messaged them inappropriately. So you know, here I was thinking, actually, that I was, you know, doing the right thing by raising my voice in concern. But in fact, in doing it only, in some ways, on my own behalf, I failed to protect the others - younger women - from that kind of behavior.","Some of the allegations against prominent men - and be they Harvey Weinstein or Roy Moore or James Toback or President Trump or Al Franken - are 10, 20, even 30 years old. Should some of the women who defended President Bill Clinton from allegations of sexual misconduct in the '80s and '90s reassess the support they gave him now?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The literal meaning of this turn is that A made a stand against the colleague, but the actual meaning is that A had the power to stand up for others but didn't.","questions":"Which colleague did PersonA make a stand against?","answer":"Colleague"}
{"text":["You know, I initially wasn't sure if I was going to go back after Katrina. But I think that I was so - you know, I realized, you know, that there's that whole song, \"Do You Know What It Means to Miss New Orleans?\"I didn't get it until I left after the storm and I was evacuated in Atlanta for a period of about six months. And it just started setting in that, you know, New Orleans is truly a special place. I felt like I could have a better impact if I were back in the city trying to help people. And so that drew me back to the city. I mean, it truly is an amazing place, and as far as whether or not I'll go back now, definitely. I can't see leaving New Orleans at this point. And I know some people don't understand that. They might think that's sort of silly, but it truly is a unique city. And the people are amazing. The culture is amazing, and so it's just such a hard place to stay away from.","Do you ever wonder, why us twice now?","You know, yeah, what are the chances?And it's so crazy because the anniversary of Katrina was just on August 29th, and that was - I remember evacuating on a Sunday, the storm hit on a Monday, and the same thing has kind of happened now, though I evacuated Saturday, the storm hit on Monday. So it's just very unusual.","Thena, thank you so much for sharing your story with us. Good luck to you also."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker feels a strong emotional connection to New Orlean","questions":"How does the speaker describe New Orleans?","answer":"Unique"}
{"text":["They found an interested buyer.","Because, you know, there's no question that there are some assets out there that are probably undervalued. But there are not private sector entities at this point, apparently, that have the capacity to buy and hold and take that risk. That's one of the things we want to explore. Are there entities other than the federal government that can do that?","Well, what are the risks there, that you would be stuck with carrying a bunch of bad debt?","The risk is that the taxpayer would lose some money."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : bunch of bad debt implies owing too many debts or inability to pay a lot of debts owed","questions":"How does \"bunch of bad debt\" relate to the dialogue? (Answer: \"owing\" or \"inability\")","answer":"owing"}
{"text":["Hey. How you doing, Lulu?","I'm very well. For people who haven't been to Richmond, can you describe Monument Avenue for us?What statues are there?","Monument Avenue is one of the most beautiful stretches of street in the United States of America. I mean, it's tree-lined. It's on the national historic registry. There are statues to Robert E.  Lee. There's a statue to Jeb Stuart, to, you know, Stonewall Jackson. And there's a lonely statue of Arthur Ashe, which I call the only true champion on that stretch of street.","The tennis champion, Arthur Ashe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Monument Avenue is one of the most beautiful stretches of street in the United States of America. I mean, it's tree-lined. It's on the national historic registry. There are statues to Robert E. Lee. There's a statue to Jeb Stuart, to, you know, Stonewall Jackson. And there's a lonely statue of Arthur Ashe, which I call the only true champion on that stretch of street.\" - The actual meaning is the speaker is expressing their opinion about Monument Avenue and the statues on it, highlighting the controversial nature of the Confederate statues and elevating Arthur Ashe as a true hero, rather than just providing factual information.","questions":"How does the speaker describe Arthur Ashe's statue on Monument Avenue?","answer":"Champion"}
{"text":["That's a good one. Any others we should know about?","Yeah. Another example - Clinton Redding - his obituary was published by the Neptune Society. Clint was a professional machine mechanic, and if something was broken, he could fix it. He'd be glad to know that any and everyone who reads this would cast their vote to keep Hillary Clinton out of office. That was the last thing he wanted to fix.","Oh, my word. Are people including more personal information in their obituaries now?Are families doing that?","They absolutely are. It's a trend we've seen. You know, I've been with Legacy for 14 years. And when I first started at Legacy, many of the obituaries were very stoic, very fact-focused. What we're seeing now is that obituaries are really more personal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"It's a trend we've seen\" is a statement about a trend, not a literal description of what the speaker has seen.","questions":"How would you describe the statement made by the speaker in turn 3?","answer":"Trend"}
{"text":["Well, that's the thing. Three areas we've looked at - covering about 55 square miles of the jungle - target one, target two and target three. And the first one was target one, and we found these all these archeological features. They covered hundreds of acres, maybe even thousands of acres, and this is gigantic. And then they moved on to target two, and they marked that, and then they moved on to target three. And target three showed even more striking features.","And we've - an archaeologist has been looking at them and a guy named Chris Fisher, who is an archaeologist at the Colorado State University, who's an expert on LIDAR, and he tells us that there is a city in T3 that is comparable in area to the city of Copan. It's absolutely enormous. The track is two square - five square kilometers.","And if these valleys are so remote, how did these civilizations develop in this unforgiving area?","Well, that's the thing. We're only now starting to realize that this so-called virgin or impenetrable jungle in prehistoric times was anything but. It was very heavily settled. There were many thousands of people living in these areas, and it wasn't virgin jungle. It was more like a tended garden. They cleared huge areas for farming. They terraced. They built irrigation canals. They built roads. They built enormous pyramids and structures."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There is a city in T3 that is enormous and comparable in area to the city of Copan.","questions":"What is the size of the city in T3 compared to Copan?","answer":"Comparable"}
{"text":["We tried for about two and half years. And I had this fear that with every step we took, we would learn something that it would confirm my fear that I couldn't have a baby.","She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF.","Tell me about that moment when you first saw your daughter Hazel for the first time. I mean, how did that feel?","Oh, my gosh. It was - it was incredible. I mean, first of all, I was in labor for 24 hours."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn (2) \"She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF\" has a figurative meaning, as it implies that the process of getting pregnant through in vitro fertilization (IVF) was a difficult and challenging one. The use of the word \"struggled\" connotes a sense of hardship or adversity, which is not necessarily part of the literal meaning of the statement.","questions":"How did PersonA feel when she saw her daughter Hazel for the first time?","answer":"incredible"}
{"text":["Well, what keeps you up at night?What do you worry about?","Well, I'm worried that this process is getting chaotic. Two and a half years ago, Great Britain had a referendum, decided to leave the European Union. But it did not decide what kind of future relationship it wanted with the 27 member states.","And because this was all about free trade, you have to know that half of the trade of Great Britain is with the other 27 EU member states, and the other half is with other countries in the world, foremost among them, the U. S.  and China. We're one year and four months into the negotiation process. And here, finally, is the proposal of Great Britain - what future relations should be. That's a bit late in the process. This particular proposal should have been there on day one.","Now, at the moment, there are 3 million EU citizens living in Great Britain, and about 1. 2 million British live in EU countries. Their rights are undefined, so it's not clear what they can do. And as you get closer to the deadline, these people are really worried. And by the way, there are industries in which there are quite a few foreigners, so if you take them out all at once, you may also have a problem keeping it going.","In the Netherlands, we know we have 30,000 businesses, mostly small and medium enterprises, that export only to EU countries, Great Britain included. That means that they've never seen a Customs and Excise control officer. They will have to get used to go through Customs and Excise."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Great Britain's process of leaving the EU is chaotic","questions":"Which country is going through a chaotic process of leaving the EU?","answer":"GreatBritain"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me.","So why have all these Democrats decided just to go ahead and run for president and not even bother with trying to win a Senate seat?","(Laughter) I do think that there is quite a lot of enthusiasm in the party about the idea of taking on Donald Trump. But I do think that, you know, the Senate is always an appealing option. And as we've seen in past cycles that have hotly contested presidential races - 2016 being the most recent example - you know, you do have Senate candidates that get into the race, like Marco Rubio in 2016, right up until the last minute. I think you're going to see a lot of really smart, good candidates running up and down the ticket next year.","There were a number of Republican and Democratic senators over the past couple of years who've declined to run for reelection and on their way out the door said, look; it's just not the job it used to be. It's intensely partisan. And we haven't gotten a lot accomplished. Wouldn't that have the effect of also discouraging people for running for that job?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : run for president means to campaign for presidency","questions":"How do some Senate candidates get into the race during hotly contested presidential races?","answer":"Running"}
{"text":["Well, to me, in my personal opinion, all superhero comics are somewhat escapist. The modern stuff is a little more based in reality, a little more about personal narratives. Just the fact that he's into superhero comics as opposed to, you know, Robert Crumb or somebody, that says something. He's not into the subculture.","Yeah, he's not into the really out there stuff.","Right.","Spider Man, though, I mean, he's an outlier, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Spider Man is different from other superheroes in some way.","questions":"What makes Spider Man unique among superheroes?","answer":"outlier"}
{"text":["No. And it's hard one wisdom that is a positive thing, you know?What would we be if we didn't learn from where we've been?And I think the more effort you spend pushing things away so that you don't have to feel them, see them, experience them, the more exhausted you become. And it's just inevitable that your arms go down and you have to go through them. And so that's what I think of as what's happened here with this record.","Mary Chapin Carpenter, who's on tour here in St.  Louis in support of her new album, \"Ashes and Roses. \"You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. We have time for another song.","We do?","And magically, you've changed guitars silently."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Pushing away emotions and experiences only leads to exhaustion and they must be faced.","questions":"How does avoiding emotions and experiences affect a person?","answer":"Exhaustion"}
{"text":["Well, the justification I think is a good one for nonprofit organizations like Scholarly Societies that really do operate on pretty much a cost recovery model. The commercial ventures, though, that have the profit margins in the 30 and 40 percent range, there really is no justification. They're profit-maximizing businesses, which is fine. The question is, should such businesses be built around information that's vital to the public's good and the public's health?","When these scholars do articles, who gets - do they get any of that money?","They're unpaid. The authors of these articles traditionally contribute the work of writing the articles, the work of reviewing and verifying the information, and they're not paid.","I can see why universities might feel that they were paying too much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker discusses the justification for nonprofit organizations and questions whether profit-maximizing businesses should be based on important information for the public's good and health. Implied Meaning: The speaker is criticizing profit-maximizing businesses that rely on vital public information, suggesting that there is no valid justification for their high profit margins.","questions":"How is the PersonA's attitude towards profit-maximizing businesses that rely on vital public information in turn 0?","answer":"Critical"}
{"text":["How quickly would we see a border closing impact the U. S.  auto industry?","Well, really, we would start to see manufacturing facilities impacted almost immediately. Most of the industry follows a just-in-time inventory strategy, which means that the parts that are needed for the vehicle are shipped to the plant as they are needed and on a continual basis. They don't maintain inventory levels at the assembly plant. So we would see a number of factories start to shut down almost immediately because they wouldn't have inventory available to keep going.","Is it possible for you to paint a picture of this for us using a specific car part, for example?","You know, there's a couple interesting ones. One, wire harnesses - these are the wires that are - that go into a vehicle. There's probably miles of these copper wires in a vehicle, very labor-intensive to put these wire harnesses together. The vast majority are made in Mexico that are used in U. S.  manufacturing. And so that's something that would be very important for a vehicle because it goes on early in the process."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A's response has an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning. While A's response appears to answer B's question about the impact of a border closing on the U.S. auto industry, it also suggests that the industry's reliance on just-in-time inventory strategy makes it vulnerable to supply chain disruptions. This implies that the auto industry needs to have a continuous flow of parts to maintain production, and any disruption to this flow could lead to plant shutdowns.","questions":"Which industry strategy makes the auto industry vulnerable to supply chain disruptions?","answer":"Just-in-time"}
{"text":["I thought that our spin was slowing down.","We are slowing down. We're slowing down but only because we're transferring it to the moon, and so the - if you count both of these bodies today, that spin should be remained constant throughout the course of solar system history.","And what they're suggesting is that you can lose spin from the Earth-moon system and transfer it to the sun-Earth system. And it's a very complex calculation. I mean, it's not just trivial that it took 30, 40 years to figure this out. But once that is on the table, and you say hey, I can start with an Earth that's spinning with a period of two hours, now you have an Earth, that if you were to look at this - and you can download the simulations from Science magazine - and you can see that - or from Harvard - and you can see that this Earth looks kind of like a muffin.","It's spinning so fast, it's got kind of a two-to-one axis ratio. And so their solution is hey, I can make the moon out of Earth's mantle, I'll just sort of hit it with a tiny projectile - you know, not tiny but much smaller than we thought previously - so Theia becomes smaller."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : We're slowing down but transferring spin to the moon.","questions":"What are we transferring to the moon?","answer":"Spin"}
{"text":["Right. And the second issue is the Steele dossier itself. The Republicans charged the FBI was politically motivated and relied on this unverified information from Christopher Steele and that his work can't be trusted because it was ultimately funded by the Democrats. The Democrats now say that the FBI disclosed this in its application to the surveillance court, which was approved by four Republican-appointed judges.","Yes. So OK. So this is the really interesting part of the debate, right?So now what's become clear is the FBI did tell the FISA court that they got this information from a source who was working with a U. S.  political sort of entity that was looking to - that the FBI speculated was looking to discredit a campaign - one - which in this case - the campaign of President Trump. And so now we know what the facts are. So the question is should they had been very clear and say it was the Hillary Clinton campaign that paid for this memo?","That's really the only debate now - was, should they have used the words Hillary Clinton campaign paid for or Democrats paid for it?And so that's a debate. And I think - look. I think that from the context, it will be clear to the FISA court that it was politically motivated, or at least the FBI believed that there was political motivation behind the paying for the dossier or whatever the information that they used the facts from. And so did they have to go that next step?And that's really all the debate is about today. And we're sort of almost - it's like angels dancing on the head of the pin at this point.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The FBI intentionally avoided revealing that the Hillary Clinton campaign paid for the Steele dossier.","questions":"Which campaign paid for the Steele dossier?","answer":"Democrats"}
{"text":["Yeah - African-American mayor from Tallahassee.","Yes. So this is sort of a test of whether real progressive candidates can win in these sort of purplish states. And so that's going to be a really - you have a Trump ally there in Ron DeSantis. It's going to be, I think, a really close race still. Next door in Georgia, another woman trying to make history - Stacey Abrams would be the first African-American woman ever elected governor.","Right.","And that's a state that is changing. Has it changed enough?That's a really big question. And then there's sort of a handful of surprising opportunities for Democrats in the Midwest and in the Sun Belt. Nevada and Ohio - those were always sort of toss-ups. But then Democrats have real chances to flip some places - really ruby-red territory - like Kansas, South Dakota, maybe even Oklahoma."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Ruby-red states re not literally colored. They vote nearly always for Republicans, who are \"red\" in American political parlance.","questions":"Which political term describes states that vote for Republicans, as mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["And it was remarkable to find these little details that people had. Oh, yes, when he was in college, you know, he belonged to this - some society. I'm forgetting the name right now. But the idea of it was to perfect one's dancing and etiquette. And the next door neighbor said he was always very interested in, you know, in correct speech and in, sort of, you know, elegantly holding himself out and that this was something that just went back, back, back, back, back.","Alan Feuer tells Alan Feuer's story in two articles in The New York Times, the most recent, \"The Secret Life of a Society Maven. \"You could find a link to that on our website. Go to npr. org, click on TALK OF THE NATION. And, Alan Feuer, thank you so much for sharing your story.","Oh, my pleasure.","Alan Feuer is a reporter for The New York Times. Tomorrow, after a gun battle outside the prime minister's house in Tripoli, we'll talk about progress and pitfalls and the ripples of revolution in Libya. Join for us that. It's the TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. I'm Neal Conan in Washington."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"The Secret Life of a Society Maven\" - The phrase \"The Secret Life of a Society Maven\" does not refer to the secret life of someone who is an expert or connoisseur in a particular area, as the literal meaning of the word \"maven\" suggests. It refers to the secret life of someone who is a member of a particular society.","questions":"Which word describes the type of person the phrase \"The Secret Life of a Society Maven\" refers to?","answer":"Member"}
{"text":["We didn't finish, and he died before it could finish, but we got 30, 34 hours of tapes, something like that. And one thing that became clear in those tapes and all the time that I spent with him is that he would never speak ill of another human being. He always went out of his way to find the good in people who are adamantly apposed to his entire agenda.","I mention this because I think one of the things that tended to dismay him toward the end of his life, at least in my experience of talking to him, was how divided we were in our politics. That people fought - that people that disagreed with them weren't just opponents, but enemies. That somehow condemnation, the politics of hatred, the politics even of mocking people, as opposed to sitting down and talking to them, never made any sense to him.","To Thurgood Marshall, politics was the art of the possible. The idea was to sit down and get things done, not to get applause by mocking your opposition. I really learned a lot from the time I spent with him, and that's perhaps the strongest lesson that I learned. And I think applying it to today's world, while I think he'd be very proud to see a black man with a chance to be elected to the presidency, he'd be very sad to see how the supporters on both sides spend so much time mocking and hating the candidate on the other side.","Well, Stephen Carter, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite differences, he saw the good in all people.","questions":"How did the person mentioned in turn 0 view other individuals?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["Well, so certainly President-elect Trump has issued a few statements on cybersecurity, including a campaign platform. Those are pretty thin on details. And some of his statements - it's been difficult to understand whether or not he - how literally to take those particular recommendations. Of his national security hires that have been announced at this point, none are known for having particularly strong cybersecurity backgrounds. So as we see more and more people coming into the administration, we might be able to start getting a sense of what exactly this administration's cybersecurity policy might look like.","Surely when you become the administration, you have a vested interest in national cybersecurity that maybe you lacked before, don't you?","Absolutely. I think while many of his statements during the campaign did not necessarily evince well-developed policy thoughts - he's going to have to come up with more specific ideas. One thing that Donald Trump might run up against is the existence of current laws. So, for example, he's indicated a number of times that he intends to transfer a lot of the cybersecurity mission to the Department of Defense to come up with a plan for defending critical infrastructure. And there are potentially rather serious consequences to sort of the militarization of civilian cyber defense. I think that they might find themselves coming up against an existing framework that doesn't necessarily square with the broad instinct towards wanting to turn towards the military to solve this problem.","I thought the Obama administration was pretty clear in saying, after they asserted that Russian attempts to meddle in the elections had been ongoing, that the United States was going to reply in kind. Can we assume those efforts are going on now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : talking about the potential consequences of \"militarization of civilian cyber defense\" ","questions":"Which policy approach might the Trump administration find challenging due to the existence of current laws?","answer":"Framework"}
{"text":["Basically, in the art markets. I'm not sure how many of them are exactly for sale at this point. I think there are a number of artifacts that are almost too well-known to sell or to sell to anyone, you know, like an - you know, a prominent museum. For instance, the Nimrud Ivories are unlikely to be, you know, publicly available for sale.","What are the Nimrud Ivories?","The Nimrud Ivories, it's a series of these very small beautifully carved ivories from the 9th century B. C. , from the sites of Nimrud. Probably the most famous is something called the lioness attacking, I guess, it's a young man. They were gilded or leafed with gold leaf and in many cases painted. They're just beautiful pieces.","So they're in private hands somewhere?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They are not literally in someone\u2019s private hands.","questions":"What is the actual location of the Nimrud Ivories?","answer":"Museum"}
{"text":["Well, she isn't calling Israel evil, but she is still using language that is anti-Semitic. The impact that it has is devastating. It's inflammatory. And unfortunately, I think it just causes more conflict. It makes it harder to have the kinds of policy conversations that she claims she wants to have on these difficult and fraught topics.","I'm sorry if this sounds naive, but why is a phrase like it's all about the Benjamins, baby, offensive to many Jews?","Well, it feeds into the classic stereotype of Jews controlling the world with our money, working behind the scenes to buy control over politicians and government policies. Part of it was the way in which she communicated it, too. It was a provocative and glib way of doing it, and it would have been much, I think, far more acceptable to say we need to have a conversation about the influence generally of money in politics, the influence of lobbyists and politics. And let's have a conversation without using the inflammatory language about these things.","So when Representative Omar tweeted anti-Semitism is real and I'm grateful for Jewish allies and colleagues who are educating me on the painful history of anti-Semitic tropes, how do you react to that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A believes that the language used is anti-Semitic, but not the person.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the language used?","answer":"Inflammatory."}
{"text":["Well, we've had a number of things at home, and the one work, when I go through our front door, what I love is Jeff Koon's Bunny. It's polished stainless steel made to look like a blown up balloon bunny. That makes me smile.","You've set out this challenge for MOCA. You've said, here, I'll help you with this money, but you've got to make some changes. What advice would you give to the rest of this country - other failing business out there right now?","I think everyone has to recognize that we're in a different era. It means budgets have to be cut. We've got to have contingency plans, and we're got to ride it out. But I must say, this is the worst situation since the Great Depression, without any doubt in my mind.","Is there a silver lining in this?Have you seen any difference in prices - prices dropping?Has that helped you maybe acquire things that you wanted to acquire."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A silver lining means, something that is good that comes out of something that is not good","questions":"How would you describe the meaning of \"silver lining\"?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Our concern is that the technology, regardless of where you buy it from, is just not ready for that. It will lead to bias. It will lead to false identifications. People will be put in the back of police cars when they've done nothing wrong. It seemed to us to be a step too far.","Now, on the other hand, Microsoft has provided the technology to a prison. Microsoft researchers have worked with a Chinese military-run university on AI research that some people fear could be used against China's minorities. So to you, where is the line when it comes to helping governments gain and use these kinds of tools?","We need to look constantly at the technology that's at issue and how it's going to be used. We were comfortable providing facial recognition within a prison because the sample size of people involved is actually relatively small. We could be confident that people would be identified correctly. And there was a societally beneficial goal, namely to actually help keep prisoners safe by knowing who was where and at what time.","More broadly, we've supported basic research, advances in the fundamental frontiers of knowledge. You know, we're not working, for example, with authorities in China to deploy facial recognition services for surveillance. But when you get to the bottom foundation for all artificial intelligence, advances in machine learning and the like, we believe that that's where there are real benefits for people able to work on advancing scientific knowledge more generally."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The use of facial recognition technology can lead to bias, false identifications, and wrongful arrests, which is a serious concern.","questions":"How might facial recognition technology lead to wrongful arrests?","answer":"Bias"}
{"text":["Think of it this way. So, I mean, if you had a bucket of rice, right?","Yeah.","And they're mostly white grains of rice. But in there, there are a few ones that are brown, and you know that a certain country tends to produce that mixture. Well, then you'd say I have some confidence this rice came from that country. It's like that, except that the ones that are a different color, they're not that easy to tell. You have to actually look into their genome along the many, many, many chemical letters, and you'll find a slight, slight difference. So it's very difficult.","So what is it that these scientists were doing?What were they creating along the way to try to solve the mystery of who had perpetrated this crime?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn (3) by speaker B is an example of a statement whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.  In this turn, speaker B uses a metaphor of a bucket of rice to explain the concept of DNA analysis and how it can be used to identify the origin of a sample. The actual meaning of the turn is that DNA analysis can reveal subtle differences in the genetic makeup of individuals, which can be used to identify their origin or other characteristics. However, the literal meaning of the turn is about a bucket of rice and the difficulty of identifying a few brown grains of rice in a sea of white grains.","questions":"What is the metaphor used by speaker PersonB to explain the concept of DNPersonA analysis?","answer":"Bucket"}
{"text":[". . . back in the - I think the big telescopes like Hubble and other ground-based telescopes will be used to observe the impact site if any debris appears. In fact, back in 2009, there was an impact of a much larger asteroid on Jupiter that caused a really - a debris cloud on Jupiter that was about as big as the Pacific Ocean.","Wow.","And the newly repaired Hubble was used to observe that impact, and a lot was learned about that impact from Hubble observation.","So folks are really tweaking it up now. I mean, and having a good weekend, you just need a nice clear sky, and you too might discover something."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A clear sky is all you need to make discoveries.","questions":"Which element is needed for making discoveries according to turn 3?","answer":"Clear"}
{"text":["You know, between the flooding issues and river issues and then the trade war and the tariff war with China and also the renegotiation during the old NAFTA, we had a number of trade issues that were kind of tossed up in the air, and we're waiting for the puzzle pieces to fall back down in place.","I mean, I think in the Midwest and agriculture in general, you know, supported the president early on in improving trade relations with China. But unfortunately those in the livestock industry and soybean producers are taking the brunt of the hit.","Well, what would you like to see specifically from this trade deal, if they ever reach a deal?","We'd definitely like to have our full trade ratio, I guess you'd say. The amount of trade we were doing with China back a year ago - we'd love to see that back."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"taking the brunt of the hit\" - This is an idiomatic expression that means bearing the majority of the negative consequences of something. In this case, it means that the livestock industry and soybean producers are suffering the most from the negative effects of the trade war with China.","questions":"Which industry is suffering the most from the negative effects of the trade war with China?","answer":"Livestock"}
{"text":["And again, art is predicated. Art lives off of, you know, making a lot of errors. And I certainly now feel like I've got, like, you know, a ton of space in which to kind of screw up and from that screw-up hopefully do something really nice.","Do you think you'll still be in that same world that you've written about in your other books, or will you - you don't know yet.","Yeah, I mean, I don't want to for this next book. This next book, I'm trying to make kind of more of a science-fictiony type book. But you never know until the book is finished what in the world it's going to be. I have dreams for my books, but it's like having dreams for your kids. You know, you want your kids to be this serious engineer or doctor, and they turn around, and they're kind of a crazy left-wing artist, and you're like darn, how did that turn out?","You know, you're known for taking a long time to finish your books, as well, I think."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Artists need to make mistakes to create something great.","questions":"Which attribute of art does turn 0 emphasize?","answer":"Errors"}
{"text":["We're talking with Stephen Sestanovich, George F.  Kennan senior fellow for Russian and Eurasian studies at the Council on Foreign Relations. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. And Russia also faces some serious demographic issues, a dwindling population. The future does not look as rosy as it might have.","The demographic issue has been one that's preoccupied the Russian leadership for some years. There are moments where they seem to think that they - there's been an upturn in the birth rate. But broadly speaking, they're looking at a decline in the population of, you know, starting a decade or so ago, the population has dropped seven or eight million since the Soviet Union collapsed.","And we talked about the future with Vladimir Putin. What about the forgotten man, if you will, the interregnum president, Dmitry Medvedev?","Well, he is an interesting figure in Russian politics. A lot of people joke about him now. He's, well, humiliated really by what Putin did to him in taking his job away and saying, you know, let me drive now. The question is whether Medvedev, who is now going to be given the job of prime minister, will have any real clout in the ability to pursue the agenda that he has tried to make his own over the past four years, which is modernization, reform, ending corruption, reducing the role of the economy - of the state in the economy. Will he stick with those issues?Will he be able to push them through or will he just be a flunky of Putin?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Russia's population has been decreasing since the Soviet Union collapsed.","questions":"What issue has preoccupied the Russian leadership for some years?","answer":"Demographic"}
{"text":["And why did it bother you that so many church leaders didn't mention the obvious, that the Pulse was a gay nightclub?","Well, it seemed a real failure to try to understand that community. One of my theology professors said that in the Gospels, for Jesus, sin is often a failure to bother to love. And it seemed to me a failure to bother to love this particular community in their real moment of grief.","You quote with approval the words of an Australian bishop who says quote, \"we cannot talk about the integrity of creation, the universal and inclusive love of God, while at the same time colluding with the forces of oppression and the ill-treatment of racial minorities, women and homosexual persons. \"","Why is that statement even remotely controversial to some?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : You quote with approval the words of an Australian bishop who says quote, \"we cannot talk about the integrity of creation, the universal and inclusive love of God, while at the same time colluding with the forces of oppression and the ill-treatment of racial minorities, women, and homosexual persons.\"","questions":"Which group of people does the Australian bishop mention as being subject to ill-treatment?","answer":"Racial"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Secretary of State John Kerry has joined world diplomats in Geneva today in hopes of reaching an initial agreement to freeze Iran's nuclear program. His arrival suggests a deal may be within reach this weekend, but it's still not there yet. NPR's Peter Kenyon is in Geneva and joins us now. Peter, thanks so much for being with us.","Hi, Scott.","So, how do we read the tea leaves on this?The talks were supposed to finish yesterday, but now the secretary of state has flown all the way across the Atlantic to join them.","Well, it should be a positive sign, although the very latest comments from British Foreign Secretary William Hague are along the lines, well, the gaps are narrow but they're important and not easy to resolve. So, I think your point that we're not there yet is still very much in play. But I think there's also a high-level presence, which means there's a growing sense of urgency about wrapping up these talks. I mean, this is supposed to be the easy part - a six-month deal that's entirely reversible in just about every respect if something doesn't go right. So, hammering out a lasting comprehensive deal is going to be much harder than this. And if this one takes too long to negotiate, there's a fear the whole diplomatic enterprise could just collapse under pressure. We've already heard from both parties in Congress that more sanctions may come up next month if these talks fail. So, I'd say there is a feeling of some kind of a deadline. Maybe not this weekend but soon."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the phrase \"read the tea leaves\" is an idiomatic expression meaning to interpret or analyze a situation for signs or indications of what might happen. It implies trying to understand the current state of affairs or predict the outcome of the situation.","questions":"Which phrase in turn (3) suggests that there is a feeling of some kind of a deadline?","answer":"Deadline"}
{"text":["Right.","How do you think the election changed the political landscape in this country, or do you?","Well, it's changed the landscape entirely. All of the talk of the time of Bush's presidency from 2002, when we started, all the way up until Obama's election, things got more and more depressing as time went on. Even though Bush got actually elected in 2004 as oppose to the disputed election in 2000 - still, most of the news was bad news, and we had a steady diet of bad news and flubs in this, and worries about war and worries about domestic policy and civil liberties and civil rights, and it was just bad news. It was like everything was downhill. And the country was depressed, psychologically. And Bush, now that he's gone, you got a breath of fresh air. Everybody is waiting expectantly. People have been happy. They've celebrated. And now the news is always about, you know, what is going now and how is it going to play out, and with most people hoping that it will play out positively after so much depression.","Are you surprised at the level of engagement of what I would arguably say is the black community at large in the political arena, both as voters, as viewers, as readers and particularly, as political pundits."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Everything was becoming negative in their respective areas. People got a change when the new president was elected. The news is about what is happening and what will happen.","questions":"What was the general mood of the country during Bush's presidency?","answer":"Downhill"}
{"text":["Republicans are now working on a tax plan. If they're able to pass that, would you reconsider some of your some of your disdain for the. . .","Yes, absolutely. But going back to the other thing, you know, I think Steve Bannon has backed a lot of people that I am supportive of, like Hawley in Missouri, like Marsha Blackburn, like potentially what he's looking to do in Wyoming. In several other races, I think he's backing very strong candidates that have a great chance of winning. And I think the Arizona race is, at the very least, a toss-up right now. So - sorry, I - that's my completion to the earlier question. So your. . .","Yeah.","Your last question was, you know, will I come back into the fold and support McConnell if he gets tax reform done?I think there's a really good chance. I think the country needs tax reform. I think it's been a long time. And I think, to some extent, McConnell and his team can put the toothpaste back in the tube if they win. You know, my analogy for this whole thing is college football."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) - This turn implies that A will support McConnell if he succeeds in passing the tax plan, and that the Republicans still have a chance to win.","questions":"How will PersonA change their stance if McConnell passes the tax plan?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["I am. I am. Otherwise I would've been scared to go fishing at the fishing places I was going to. Or I would've been scared to go hang out with my friends at the end of this road in the field, like, you know I'm saying?I didn't think - I didn't have to think about those things. I just got to be me and form my own opinions.","(Singing) See, I'm black. I'm not white, but I'm that. No. No. I'm this, right?I'm one drop of three-fifths, right?","Toward the end, you're questioning. You're like, wait, I'm this?No. I'm that?No. I'm one drop of three-fifths?And it struck me as unusual for you - an unusual way to deliver a song. Do you have questions about your identity?Are there things that, for you, are still not answered?","Well, to me, growing up, I was just an oddity no matter where I went. It was like - you feel me?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is expressing frustration with the limitations imposed on them by their identity.","questions":"How is the speaker feeling about their identity?","answer":"Frustrated"}
{"text":["Oh boy, so much has changed. The club scenes, radio, the entire industry as a whole has changed dramatically. Even back then - I mean, I'm not really in clubs right now, but back then, the music that they were playing was different. The accessibility through music and the clubs, and then transitioning into radio was different.","Because that's really how \"Hey Mister DJ\" became such a big hit. A couple of DJs in the clubs loved it, started playing it, and then the next thing you know it was on the radio. And I remember because the label at that time was not really interested in promoting the song. So that's really how it got to mainstream radio, and it just would build and build from there. So it's changed so much now. Regulations and everything has changed. So it's just not as easy to kind of get in those doors.","Now, what made you decide you wanted to go record again?","You know, well, during that time, that seven year hiatus that I took, another life change that I had was really just kind of recommitting my life to God, and my husband and I both grew up in church. And you know, you kind of do your thing when you go to college, and you got your freedom, you do whatever you want to do, which is also a growing period."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The music industry has changed dramatically over time, including accessibility through music, the transition to radio and regulations.","questions":"What aspects of the music industry have changed according to turn 0?","answer":"Accessibility"}
{"text":["Well, one of the first things you do when you find out somebody who shares your name is say, oh, where's your family from?So I told him my family was Romanian and many had come over after World War II. And he told me when I asked him that his family was indeed descended from a sort of aristocratic Austrian family and that he was clearly not wealthy now. There had once been a family fortune, but as he put it, mother lived too long.","Mother lived too long.","Mother lived too long.","And so this acquaintance blossomed over the years, and so you got to know him a little bit."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : would be that a mother was still alive and living for a long time, while the actual meaning is that due to her long life, the family fortune had been depleted. ","questions":"What caused the depletion of the family fortune?","answer":"Longevity"}
{"text":["Absolutely. So what the defense may try to do is say, what we're dealing with here is a criminal, a dishonest individual from start to finish. He is being sponsored - his testimony is being sponsored by the government. But you can't trust him. After all, look at all the things he's done. He's stolen, in fact, not only from others but from his own business associate, Mr.  Manafort.","And he gets some kind of consideration for testifying - immunity, right?","Well, what he gets is. . .","Maybe not absolute immunity, but OK, go ahead."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The witness is unreliable because he's a criminal and has stolen. The government is giving him some kind of benefit in exchange for his testimony.","questions":"How did the witness benefit from testifying?","answer":"Benefit"}
{"text":["Obviously there's some niche that the starfish occupy. Should we be worried if - what we might do to the ecosystem if we get rid of these starfish?","You know, I think it would only be in the dreams of a few people that they might possibly be able to get rid of all of them. What they're trying to do is cut back on the numbers. So they're going to remove as many as they can, but you're still going to have some out there.","And these sea stars are out there on a lot of reefs in the Pacific in low numbers. You can see little trails of white, dead corals that they've left behind as they've gone along feeding, and that will continue to happen. They're not going to get rid of every last one of them.","But the increase in numbers, I mean, you're talking about going onto reefs and having hundreds to thousands times as many starfish on a reef as you normally would see, and that's a big difference."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The significant increase in the number of starfish is a cause for concern","questions":"Which factor is causing concern according to the statement in turn 3?","answer":"Numbers"}
{"text":["So what I've heard today is that the attack that was feared has begun. The Kurds are already moving people to try to defend their positions against the Turkish tankers. And that raises the problem that worries me most, which is that the ISIS prisoners who are being held are - about 11,000 of them, I'm told - could begin to escape, posing a whole new security problem for the U. S.  and all of its allies.","I'm going to talk about the implications of that in a bit. But first, I want to walk through some of the various players in this conflict and their objectives. First, Turkey - what do they hope to gain from this move?","Turkey has said for many months now that it wants a security corridor in northern Syria. It has deep animosity toward the Syrian Kurdish group known as the YPG, which it says is part of the PKK. Forgive all the initials. But these are - they're Kurdish nationalist groups, and the Turks claim that they're terrorists, that they've attacked and killed Turks. So they want the security corridor.","The problem is that the Turks, in trying to take the zone, risk destabilizing an area where security was won at great cost by the Syrian Kurdish militia known as the Syrian Democratic Forces, aided by U. S.  Special Forces. So there's fear that this area will just descend into chaos quickly as the Turkish troops come in."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People are not playing a game but taking part in a military conflict.","questions":"How are the Kurds preparing for the Turkish tankers?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Well, it's a little more complicated than that. They have to then process the signals that they receive back from the ground. As you say, most of them come back from leaves. And I think, what, they handed you the disc and you flew it out and gave it to the computer guy.","Well, that's right. And in fact, it is very complicated. The LIDAR machine has inside it a highly classified thing called an IMU, an Inertial Measurement Unit that was developed for the military for use in guided missiles. And in order to get an export permit for the plane, the State Department required that the plane be guarded by armed soldiers at all times when it was on the ground because this is a very highly classified piece of equipment. Because it's important to locate the plane in the air in three dimensions as it's flying to within an accuracy of about a centimeter. I mean, that's incredible.","Mm-hmm. So you rushed this data off to the computer guy and he did his magic. How did you - what did you - when did you actually see the picture?","Well, I brought it back from that evening on the island of Roatan, and he processed it. He had to crunch the data. There was also data that had to come from Houston that had been collected by them, and all those had to be combined to make this map. And he was working till the wee hours of the morning making these maps. And then the Internet connection was down so he went to bed. His name is Michael Sartori, by the way. He was a really fascinating guy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : his magic implies he performed so skilfully and amazingly","questions":"Which process did the computer guy perform?","answer":"Crunch"}
{"text":["We're going to set our clock here in our studio for a minute, OK?Please begin, Mr.  MacLeod, in three, two, one. . .","Which country and western singer has the worst hearing?Dolly Pardon. Which country and western singer will let you stay at the house?Kenny Lodgers. I spent a whole year trying to get into classical music. It took the Four Seasons. What's the best way to break up a tractor?A John Deere-alator. What do you call a woman with jam on her head?Marge. Doctor, doctor, I can't stop stealing your furniture. Please, take a seat. My new racehorse can only run in the dark. It's a nightmare. Went to Pete Sampras' restaurant yesterday. Served very quickly. I didn't last long walking on hot coals with the Kings of Leon. My salt's on fire. I heard a sad story about dropping a wedding cake. It ended in tiers. I hoped to complete my new spice rack this morning but I couldn't find the thyme. What did Aladdin have with his cup of tea?Jafar cakes. I went to an earthquake restaurant for lunch. The waiters keep moving your plates. Doctor, doctor, my invisibility meds is wearing off. I'll see you shortly. What do you call a man surrounded by beef stock?Stew. Where's the best play in New York to do multiplication?Times Squared.","Oh. All right. We let you go a little bit over a minute. Sixteen jokes by my count. Some of them were pretty funny.","They're all original jokes, I have to say. I don't think they're particularly good, but they don't have to be good. They only have to be quick."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Mr. MacLeod is expected to tell a series of jokes quickly.","questions":"Which person is expected to tell jokes quickly?","answer":"Mr.MacLeod"}
{"text":["We're back with Donna Brazile and we're talking about superdelegates and how they can shape the Democratic nominee for president. Donna is a superdelegate, she's also a Democrat, and she's uniquely qualified to speak on those issues for that reason. Donna, welcome back.","Thank you so much for having me.","So I understand that you told the New York Times that basically your niece, among nine million other people, has been lobbying you. What does it feel like to get that \u2014 first of all, how did your niece call up?And, you know, did she know that you were a superdelegate. And what about all the other people who were calling you up?What do you say to them?","Well, first of all, I'm flattered by the amount of attention that we all are getting, not just the superdelegates but those who are out there running for pledge delegate today across the country. Look, Democrats are hungry of a victory. They want change. They are tired of George Bush and they don't want to see four more years of Bush\/Cheney."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Democrats are hungry for a victory\" - This turn has a figurative meaning as the word \"hungry\" is used metaphorically to convey the strong desire for success, rather than a physical hunger for food.","questions":"How does the turn in statement 3 describe the desire of Democrats?","answer":"Victory"}
{"text":["Shawn Levy, an accomplished biographer and film critic, joins us now. Shawn, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you.","How does the chateau both fit into and stand above the Hollywood landscape?","Well, physically, it actually stands above the Sunset Strip. It's right on the eastern edge of the strip on a rise, and it's situated at a curve. So if you come toward it from the east - from Hollywood into West Hollywood - it kind of disappears. The road takes you away from it before you quite register it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The chateau doesn't actually disappear, it just is no longer visible at some point.","questions":"Which feature of the Chateau's location on the Sunset Strip is described in turn 3?","answer":"Rise"}
{"text":["So, Bill, what do you make of the president's remarks?","Every time I hear President Bush talk about billions, I start thinking about Carl Sagan and talking about billions of stars and billions of this. Part of the problem when I listen to and consider what President Bush is talking about is more what he doesn't talk about, that U. S.  aid to Africa is significant in terms of dollar amounts that are mentioned, but as a percentage of what the United States does offers internationally, it's actually not all that significant.","A couple of years ago, I did a little research on this and discovered that U. S.  aid to Africa, if you withdraw Egypt, is less than Israel. That is - that the total aid is less than the aid to one country, a key ally of the United States. So that figure told me a little bit about the priorities of the United States.","The second thing is that there are regularly strings attached to U. S.  aids. So whether it's the assistance to combat HIV and AIDS, there are these strings around the issue of abstinence, abstinence only, as a condition for significant amounts of aid to combat that disease. A second issue is that whereas the United Nations has had a internationally recognized program combating AIDS\/HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, the Bush administration has refused to give full funding to that U. N.  program and instead was more interested in setting up its own bureaucracy to offer assistance, which seems to be run contrary all of the rhetoric about a, you know, that conservatives often offer about eliminating costs."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Every time I hear President Bush talk about billions, I start thinking about Carl Sagan and talking about billions of stars and billions of this. - Implied meaning: A is critical of President Bush's remarks, particularly regarding U.S. aid to Africa and his failure to discuss its significance in terms of international aid offered by the United States.","questions":"How does PersonA feel about President Bush's remarks on billions?","answer":"Critical"}
{"text":["There are, there are trials underway right now of an active vaccine, as well. So again, the scientists have gone back to the drawing board and said gee, when we did that study back in the early 2000s with the active vaccine, what went wrong, what could have caused this inflammatory response. So they've modified the protein now and have been able to develop one that they hope will in fact generate the immune response without the side effects.","Why doesn't Alzheimer's kick in earlier in life for those who are genetically predisposed to it?Why does it wait until you're in your 70s or 80s?","That's a good question, Ira. I mean, it's a million-dollar question as to what are the other aging factors that have to kick in, and basically we don't know the answer to that. But one issue might be, for example, that our immune systems diminish in their effectiveness and ability to perform their work as we age.","So a challenge in using an active vaccine in an older person is that the older person may not be able to generate an antibody response. So if, say, Alzheimer's disease were partly immunologically driven, it may only manifest itself when the person's aging immune system starts to fail or diminish its effectiveness. Then this blossoms. I'm not saying that's the answer, but it's that type of thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : a million dollar question implies that the question is very important or difficult and requires a very good answer not referring the cost of the question is 1 million dollars ","questions":"What does the turn \"a million dollar question\" suggest about the difficulty of the question being asked?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":[". . . a guinea fowl on the treadmill.","So that's - this is like - I'm already. . .","Another day at the office.","Exactly. It's like I can tell that I'm in a special place right from the beginning, and that's just the tip of the iceberg. They have an emu and they happened to have a day-old goat. A baby goat was born the day before. It's totally bucolic."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the speaker is expressing admiration for a place they are visiting, specifically highlighting the presence of an emu and a day-old goat. The literal meaning of the turn is that the speaker finds the place charming and enjoys the presence of the animals. However, the implied meaning of the turn is that the speaker may be easily impressed or may have a naive or idealized view of rural life. The use of the word \"bucolic\" suggests a romanticized view of the countryside, and the excitement over the presence of relatively common animals suggests a lack of familiarity with rural environments. The turn implies that the speaker may not have a deep understanding of the realities of agricultural life and may be easily swayed by superficial or picturesque elements.","questions":"What animal did the place have that the speaker found charming?","answer":"Goat"}
{"text":["Yeah. The embassy guards, it's kind of a, you know, a misperception. In any embassy they essentially protect the chancellery in the embassy and the ambassador's residence itself, and particularly to, you know, you get them into a safe place if there is an attack or to - and if that fails, to destroy the classified material and so forth.","They're not responsible for the overall external or internal security of the embassy compound per se. They can augment that and they have if necessary, but there is a diplomatic security mission that does that sort of thing, and then - obviously which didn't happen on this case. You're hoping that you've got a competent external protection from the host nation, which is responsible for the safety of the entire compound.","We're talking with retired Marine Colonel Gary Anderson about lessons learned from before and during the attack in Benghazi. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And any number of recommendations were made by the Pickering Mullen report. As you look at those, are they going to address the kinds of interagency communications problems that you're worried about?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Diplomatic security mission is responsible for the safety of the entire compound","questions":"What is responsible for the safety of the entire compound?","answer":"Safety"}
{"text":["So a country that was bought by the United States 100 years ago - you're celebrating the centennial this year, and there are still so many other islands that are essentially controlled by European countries, as well - like the Netherlands, France and Britain - that were impacted by Irma. And we've seen a pattern in the response. How has the United States talked about it in your view?","The United States has talked about us as if we are effectively a colony, which is that we are secondary. We are perhaps secondary types of Americans. Now, we do carry American passports in the Virgin Islands, but we don't have federal representation.","We cannot vote for president for example. Our congresswoman, who - we vote for her - she cannot vote in Congress. So we really have no say. But I also think that this has to do with just the way that we are thought of in the national imagination as a place for a vacation and respite. And it's a beautiful place. The Virgin Islands is as beautiful as everybody says.","It is a gorgeous, pristine, absolutely divine place. However, it's a place where human beings also live. So, you know, when Americans travel to Europe, for example, they know that they're traveling to Europe to engage with the cultural history. When people travel to the Caribbean, they are often traveling to avoid the human beings and to just engage in the beauty of the space.","So they're in resorts. They're lying in the sun. They're drinking tropical, rum-infused drinks, but they're not necessarily there for the culture or to talk to the people who live there?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The United States treats the Virgin Islands as a colony.","questions":"Which territory is being referred to as a colony?","answer":"Virgin"}
{"text":["So, you know, I like to dance, and I danced with several young ladies. And I said, your partner?I don't even know who your partner was. That's when it started. He just hauled off and hit me. And you know me. I swung back on him, and that was it. So it was a several gangs that were in the city at that time, and us being new, moving in from the county, it was just, you know, one of those territorial challenging things and because Vance was there, he's 18 months younger than me. We hung out together.","That's why we talked about it at family gatherings because we scrapped among each other because of closeness of age and being boys. But when it came to somebody bothering one of us, the other one had its back. So later on we learned that the guy I hit had his jaw wired, so it won us a lot of respect. We were going to Clifton Junior High School then, and one of the girls that had invited us, her father was an undertaker. He had a small place to march his funeral.","Very well respected.","Very well respected, yeah. They had a little rural house at that time on North Avenue. But we fought that day, and we were wearing little barracuda coats, that little trench coat that were something at that time. Like, I remember just being surrounded by guys, and you know, this is the way you want to be. My back was against the door. They pulled Vance out by his coat, and I just remember, you know, yelling to him, don't go down."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 1- The speaker got into a fight because someone hit him after he danced with someone else's partner. It was a territorial dispute between gangs. It was also a way to gain respect. 4- The speaker was surrounded by guys and warned his friend not to give up.","questions":"What did the speaker yell to his friend during the fight?","answer":"Don't"}
{"text":["(Laughing) You would think, but its this weird sort of a - the more I get to know them, the more they become different objects with such different ingredients that I love them more with each passing day.","(Laughing) So I have a burrito specimen here with me in the studio. And I'm going to unwrap. . .","Is it in wax paper or tinfoil?","It is in both tinfoil and wax paper."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning is that B's special person is being given the utmost care and protection.","questions":"Which material is used to wrap PersonB's burrito?","answer":"Both"}
{"text":["I started the business as a hobby. I needed a break from the logical legal work that I was doing every day, and I decided as a creative outlet I'd like to start making spa products as a gift. I contacted a store in Canada, and they sent me some raw ingredients, taught me how to mix some things. I took them in to work, and people really liked them.","People often think of, say, Carol's Daughter, you know, and the spa-product industry being a woman's thing. But I also remember going down to cover Hurricane Katrina and there was a doctor, Dr.  Friedman, who - he and his sons would make soaps and things like that. What spoke to you about this business?Why did you want to do it?","I was looking for a sense of wellness, and I've always tried to take good care of myself. So, one of the things I would do is, I work very hard, but I also take good care of myself in a healthy way. So, one of the ways I do that is by going to spas. I've always been a fan of the product, and I was a great consumer of the product. So, in building my business, I knew exactly what I expected, as a high-end consumer, of the market.","Some people say, OK, spa items, beauty items, those are all things that people will cut in tough times. What have you seen in terms of the past year or so of your business?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker's experience as a consumer helped in building their business.","questions":"How did the PersonA's personal experience influence their business strategy?","answer":"Consumer"}
{"text":["Now, what about the bloggers who are, you know, in our camp. What story are they hitting?","Well, in the Democratic side, among bloggers, the Web site Blogpolls, which measure these trends, posted about Hillary Clinton outnumbered blog post about Barack Obama, leading up to last weekend, South Carolina primary. And interestingly, on January 24th, two days before the voting started in South Carolina, posts about Bill Clinton spiked and they equal the numbers of posts about Barack Obama. But after he won in South Carolina, post about Obama spiked and he's been the most blogged about candidate ever since. Now, on the Republican side, John McCain has been and is the most blogged about candidate.","What about on News and Views, our own blog?","Well, lot of issues people are talking about. They run the spectrum. They're talking about Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick's text message scandal, suggesting an affair with his female chief of staff, which could lead to perjury charges. We called it textual healing on our blog."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the bloggers on News and Views referred to the scandal involving the Detroit mayor's text messages as \"textual healing.\" However, the implied meaning is that the bloggers are using a humorous or ironic phrase to refer to a serious and potentially damaging scandal. The phrase \"textual healing\" is a play on words on the song \"Sexual Healing\" by Marvin Gaye and suggests that the scandal is being trivialized or made light of.","questions":"What phrase did the bloggers on News and Views use to refer to the Detroit mayor's text message scandal?","answer":"Textual"}
{"text":["Was the jet stream actually screening out the cold air?Do I have that right?","Pretty much. The jet stream is typically the dividing line between the warm tropical air to the south and the cold, Arctic air to the north. And for the most part, it had retreated to close to the Canadian border for large parts of the winter.","Hmm. What about the \"Farmers' Almanac\"?I have to admit that I like picking it up and looking at it, and I sort of - I'm hesitant to even ask. Is there any science backing it up?","Well, I think the \"Farmers' Almanac,\" they do look at some of the same things that NOAA look at, that AccuWeather looks at, as well as the Capital Weather Gang, when developing their outlooks. At the same time, they're using some more suspect features like sun spots and planetary alignments and things like that, which have never been proven to have any real predictive skill in terms of forecasting the weather in the long range."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The jet stream separates warm and cold air","questions":"Which weather phenomenon is mentioned as a dividing line in the dialogue?","answer":"Stream"}
{"text":["And when we went to the break, you were saying that one of the advantages of storing it in DNA is once you make it, it will last a very long time.","That's right, and you gave the example in your introduction that - one of the examples that we like to use, it's quite well-known, you know, there's been these Neanderthal samples found, and they can get DNA out of there and read the DNA in technical - we call it we sequence the DNA. And those samples from Neanderthals, or another great example is wooly mammoth, they get samples routinely from 10,000- or 20,000- or 50,000-year-old mammoths.","And that's not even a carefully controlled sample. That's just, you know, a mammoth that laid down and died somewhere cold.","I'm sorry for the mammoth. So - but if you took your DNA, you would store it in a controlled environment somewhere, or does it not need that?If the mammoth is lying in the ice. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I'm sorry for the mammoth\" is a joke. The mammoth in question died a long time ago. 'B' isn't actually sad for the creature.","questions":"How did 'B' feel about the mammoth?","answer":"Joke"}
{"text":["And this could sound obvious, and this could sound like a no-brainer. But the reality in Mexico is that whenever a journalist is killed, investigators - their first reaction is to always try to find a motive that is not related to journalistic work. So they find any other motive - economic motive or maybe a passion motive, anything except journalistic work because they don't want to admit that they have a problem of press freedom in their hands. But I think in this case it is really obvious why Javier Valdez was killed.","Yeah. This is going to sound naive. But why do you think it's important to do stories like that?I mean, drug cartels - people often prefer just to look the other way - don't they?","Well, yes. But if you don't report on them, then nobody else will. And it is not just the stories about the drug cartels. It is the stories about the consequences that they are unleashing in Mexican public life in every level. I live in a city that, for years, was the turf in a turf war between two drug cartels. And the effects of the violence that they unleashed was devastating for the city because investment never came in. Jobs were not created. Nightlife shut down. People stopped going out on the street. We all started to distrust from one another. Neighborhoods began putting up gates and fences, and so it was really disruptive.","Your newspaper was attacked, wasn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  asking if the newspaper has been attacked in the past.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue reveals the negative impacts of drug cartels on the society?","answer":"Devastating"}
{"text":["About six lengths off the lead followed by Homeroom Jester and the trailer is Dolarolarorrarockadockamolahholah.","Hackahmackahdolohrollocolamockahdackahmolahhackahdohkah.","(Laughter).","And yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"About six lengths off the lead followed by Homeroom Jester and the trailer is Dolarolarorrarockadockamolahholah.\" This is an example of horse racing jargon, where \"lengths\" refers to a unit of measurement used to describe the distance between horses during a race. The names following \"the trailer is\" are the names of other horses in the race.","questions":"How does horse racing jargon use \"lengths\"?","answer":"Distance"}
{"text":["You know, it's not fair to put the blame on the entire system. You know, we countlessly says in sexual assaults it's not a fraternity problem. It's not an alcohol problem. But we also can't be naive enough not to point out that there seems to be a theme happening where people have this groupthink and are able to hide behind a larger organization.","Can you give us any more insight as to what the conversation on your editorial board's been like?","We were shocked and disgusted when this information came out. You know, one of our first editorials was just somewhat emotional - us explaining that we are very frustrated that this has happened. We are disgusted. These actions are vile, and we, as a student newspaper, are putting our foot down. We're not going to stand for it. As more information has unfolded, specifically the anonymous interview that came out in Philadelphia magazine - that was another topic of one of our editorials.","I don't know that story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"I don't know that story\" - This turn has a literal meaning, which is that the person speaking is not familiar with the story being referred to.","questions":"How did the person speaking respond to the statement made in turn 2?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["Good to be with you.","This last Republican debate may have been the most contentious, at least between the candidates and the questioners. What do you see as the immediate fallout?","Immediate fallout would be Jeb Bush's problem. He needed a revival, and he wound up looking worse than he had in the first two debates and out on the stump as well. The memorable punches in these debates tend to be counter punches. And Bush went after his one-time protege, Marco Rubio, and Rubio came back smart, fast, tough and got a highlight moment out of it, just one of several for Rubio, by the way.","Now, at the same time, nobody's cast a single vote yet. Jeb Bush is sitting on a lot of money, and, of course, he has a name that's instantly recognizable. Is there really talk that this could be the end of his candidacy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This last Republican debate may have been the most contentious, at least between the candidates and the questioners. What do you see as the immediate fallout?\"  In this turn, the implied meaning is that the Republican debate was highly intense and filled with conflict, especially between the candidates and the questioners. The speaker is asking about the immediate consequences or repercussions of such a heated debate, suggesting that there might be significant outcomes or effects stemming from it. The implied meaning goes beyond a simple description of the debate's level of contention.","questions":"What was the topic of discussion during the last Republican debate?","answer":"Debate"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely. The lactobacillus have been around for many years, thousands of years, perhaps millions of years, and they are already, you know, well identified as being able to survive in the human body and thought to be, quote, \"beneficial,\" unquote, bacteria.","Mm-hmm. And it's just a question of testing this out, I would imagine.","Well, yes. So the investigators did test it on human cells, like in a petri dish, where they caused them to get inflamed and then show that by giving them this bacteria, that produces the LFn that decreased that, too. So they've done it in live mice. They've done it in human cells.","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the speaker uses the phrase \"in a petri dish\" which literally means a flat dish used to culture cells. However, in this context, the speaker is using it to refer to an artificial environment created in a laboratory setting. Similarly, the phrase \"live mice\" in this context is used to refer to real, living mice that were used in an experiment.","questions":"Which phrase is used in this context to refer to real, living mice that were used in an experiment?","answer":"Real"}
{"text":["I think it's very important for people to unplug. Setting aside the whole question and dangers of addiction, let's assume you're not somebody who is addicted, but you are still constantly plugged in. The downsides are likely to be, first of all, no time to think, no time to just reflect on what you feel, what you think, what you've been experiencing. And wisdom really comes to us through the process of reflecting on our experience and our feelings and thoughts. So, I think people are in danger of not being able to become wise if they don't take time to think.","Plus there is this huge factor of engagement with other people. We are we're social animals. We need to be connected. There's something called limbic resonance, which is kind of an energetic resonance that gets set up between two people when they are engaged in a positive and constructive way with each other and they are able to develop the relationship. And we know that when people do not have enough of that engagement with each other, they suffer depression and they suffer in other ways. So, getting unplugged allows you to get reengaged with real people in your life that matter to you.","Let's talk a little bit about how online addiction can work in tandem with other addictions. I'm thinking about gambling. There's now all sorts of online gambling. There's also pornography.","Right."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Constantly being plugged in prevents people from becoming wise","questions":"How does being constantly plugged in affect wisdom?","answer":"Wisdom"}
{"text":["He and his commission had better get it organized. Otherwise, the fury Nigerians are feeling today could spill into much worse. So they say the presidential vote and, of course, it wasn't just voting for president - also for governors, also for national assembly, also for the state assembly.","So we'll have the presidential next Saturday in another vote. But some other votes have been postponed till 9 of March. That's after the original second-round vote date of the 2 of March. So the electoral commission has got to get itself sorted out.","NPR's Ofeibea Quist-Arcton, thanks so much.","Always a pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : If the commission doesn't organize things well, there could be violence.","questions":"How could the Nigerians react if the commission fails to organize things well?","answer":"Violence"}
{"text":["Yeah. After the West Africa outbreak, there was this sense that, you know, we're in much better shape. We know more about it. We've got new treatment options. We've got a vaccine that's out there.","But in this one, it really has been this perfect storm. The area that this occurred in is incredibly poor, that had poor health care infrastructure beforehand. It's incredibly volatile; there's these militias that have basically been running that part of the Democratic Republic of Congo for decades. They're vying for control of minerals. And, you know, they have really undermined any governmental institutions that would be there.","And then all these health care workers show up to try to contain the Ebola treatment unit - that Ebola, you know, outbreak, and some of them were attacked, even killed. The World Health Organization yesterday was saying they've documented 198 attacks on Ebola clinics and workers over the last year. So obviously, that's an incredibly high number for attacks on a health response, you know, even in a declared war zone.","Well, I mean, yeah, it is a war zone, but why attack - specifically attack clinics that you know are treating a disease?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is becoming very dangerous for workers to run Ebola clinics","questions":"How many attacks on Ebola clinics and workers were documented by the World Health Organization?","answer":"198"}
{"text":["This appointment would make sense from the standpoint of a president, a new president, Barack Obama, wanting to assert a kind of White House control over the intelligence community. Now, Leon Panetta is not part of the intelligence community. He has had no experience with the intelligence community except as an outside observer, critic, and as one of the authors of a 2006 report on what went wrong with respect to 9\/11 and also with respect to the Iraq weapons of mass destruction intelligence.","So Leon Panetta is not of the CIA. He is coming in as kind of a total outsider but somebody who has very strong confidence among not only the Barack Obama people, but also the Clinton people who are going to be at the Department of State under Hillary Clinton.","There's also word today about a choice for the post of national intelligence director, retired Admiral Dennis Blair. What can you tell us about him?","Dennis Blair has been in the Navy and in the U. S.  government for 34 years. He also worked in the White House during his long Navy career and before he was named by Barack Obama to take over this director of national intelligence job. This will actually be Leon Panetta's boss. He is in charge of the total U. S.  intelligence community, all 16 agencies, CIA, the defense agencies, and so on.","The president elect will need to pick someone else to become commerce secretary. New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson took himself out of the running because of an investigation into how some of his donors won a lucrative contract. How serious a problem is this withdrawal for the Obama transition team?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Leon Panetta has no experience with the intelligence community but was chosen as CIA director for political reasons.","questions":"What was the reason for choosing Leon Panetta as CIPersonA director?","answer":"Political"}
{"text":["Well, what it does is it does away with the prohibition against rating on pre-existing conditions, meaning that if you have a pre-existing condition - and about a third of us do - that you could be charged a much higher rate for insurance. So let me give you an example. Somebody is working, they have insurance, and they have a catastrophic illness - cancer, some other calamity. They have to stop working because they need to get their condition taken care of. If they're out for 60 days, they lose their insurance. And now, they have to pay whatever the insurance company decides is the premium because they are - now have a pre-existing condition. Somebody in that situation may never be able to accumulate enough money to pay the very high premiums and get back on the cycle of having continuous insurance coverage.","Now, of course, Speaker Ryan looks forward to what are called now high-risk pools. These would be plans that are essentially devoted to try and accommodate people who have expensive and pre-existing conditions. You're not convinced that would do it.","Well, I think that the problem with those is in the fine print. First of all, very often they are not adequately funded. And many of the high-risk pools have lifetime caps, lifetime limits.","What kind of reforms would you like to make?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Don't just paraphase the words! Find the implicated meaning! We don't want answers like: to be silent means stay quiet and not making noise, bad answer!  Please read the examples above carefully!      (1)\tA:\tWell, what it does is it does away with the prohibition against rating on pre-existing conditions, meaning that if you have a pre-existing condition - and about a third of us do - that you could be charged a much higher rate for insurance.So let me give you an example.Somebody is working, they have insurance, and they have a catastrophic illness - cancer, some other calamity.They have to stop working because they need to get their condition taken care of.If they're out for 60 days, they lose their insurance.And now, they have to pay whatever the insurance company decides is the premium because they are - now have a pre-existing condition.Somebody in that situation may never be able to accumulate enough money to pay the very high premiums and get back on the cycle of having continuous insurance coverage. (2)\tB:\tNow, of course, Speaker Ryan looks forward to what are called now high-risk pools.These would be plans that are essentially devoted to try and accommodate people who have expensive and pre-existing conditions.You're not convinced that would do it. (3)\tA:\tWell, I think that the problem with those is in the fine print.First of all, very often they are not adequately funded.And many of the high-risk pools have lifetime caps, lifetime limits. (4)\tB:\tWhat kind of reforms would you like to make?  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1)  (2)  (3)  (4)","questions":"How can pre-existing conditions affect insurance rates?","answer":"Higher"}
{"text":["Well, the Princess Infanta Cristina is King Juan Carlos' youngest daughter. She's 48. She and her husband had sort of a fairytale love story. They used to be popular in the glossy magazines here. Her husband is the Duke Inaki Urdangarin. He started a nonprofit foundation organizing sports conventions and it's through that foundation that he and a colleague are accused of embezzling $8 million.","Prosecutors believe they did so by creating shell companies. Now, where the princess comes in is that for at least one of those shell companies she was a co-signer and co-owner. So any fraud committed by that company, she would be 50 percent responsible. Now, that's the money laundering charge. The tax fraud involves the couple's personal expenses, everything from renovations on their $8 million mansion in Barcelona, vacations, down to small things like Harry Potter books for their kids, which were allegedly paid for through these shell companies and on which they allegedly did not pay tax.","This hearing today is similar to what, in the U. S. , we would call a Grand Jury proceeding. So the judges are trying to determine whether to formally charge the princess. And if they do so, she'll then go on trial. The process is underway as well for her husband, the Duke, and both face up to six years in prison if charged and convicted.","Lauren, can you help us appreciate the reaction of the Spanish public at this point?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"Now, where the princess comes in is that for at least one of those shell companies she was a co-signer and co-owner. So any fraud committed by that company, she would be 50 percent responsible.\"  The literal meaning of this sentence is that the princess was involved in the ownership and operation of a shell company that was used for fraudulent purposes. However, the implied meaning is that the princess was possibly complicit in the fraud, knowingly or unknowingly, and that her involvement is a significant part of the investigation.","questions":"What was the role of the Princess in the fraudulent activities?","answer":"Complicit"}
{"text":["Sorry. Sorry. Well, one more sticky issue. You got some pushback from a song - on the song, \"Wish You Were Gay. \"And people were hoping it would become an anthem for the LGBTQ community. But some people are actually not pleased about it. They feel that it's - there's pushback about it. And how do you think about that?","You know what I think is that everybody has a right to feel exactly what they feel. And it's not anyone's place to tell somebody that their being offended is not correct, you know?It's, like, that's a thing that you can't control. And if somebody doesn't feel OK with something, then you have to respect that and understand that and not try to fight that.","And so I knew writing that song that - it wasn't meant as an insult. And it wasn't meant to be offensive in any way. So for me, I didn't even really think about it because it was so not at all. . .","O'CONNELL: Controversial to us.",". . . Controversial in my mind because I thought of it as almost like a positive thing."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Everyone should respect other people's opinions and feelings, even if they don't agree with them.","questions":"What is the main message of turn 4?","answer":"Respect"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me, Scott.","Let me begin with what's being called the tarmac summit. Bill Clinton, Attorney General Lynch happened to be at the Phoenix airport at the same time. And Bill Clinton arranged a private meeting, lasted about half an hour, with the attorney general. Your old colleague, David Axelrod, tweeted, quote, \"I take Loretta Lynch and Bill Clinton at their word that their convo in Phoenix didn't touch on probe. But foolish to create such optics. \"How helpful was it for Hillary Clinton, who's so widely seen as untrustworthy, to have her spouse meet with the attorney general while she's under investigation by the Justice Department?","I can't imagine there's one person in America, including in the Clinton campaign, who thinks that was helpful (laughter). But I - look, I think if Bill Clinton had to do it over again he probably wouldn't have walked over to the plane, seeing all the follow-up from the last couple days.","Does it raise a question about what you do with Bill Clinton during the campaign because he is, certainly on the one hand, often called the most talented politician of the modern era. On the other hand, you know, he's got a history of mischief."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implies that Bill Clinton is both a valuable asset and a potential liability to the campaign.","questions":"How is Bill Clinton viewed in terms of his potential impact on the campaign?","answer":"Mixed"}
{"text":["Well, can you describe to us what the situation is on the ground there in Gaza?What does it looked like?What's going on in the hospitals?","It is a very bad situation. The hospitals are ill-equipped and not ready to deal with a mass-casualty event like this one. Israel did allow humanitarian supplies to go into Gaza today. They allowed quite a few trucks to enter. Aid workers on the ground say that it's not enough, that there's still real a shortage there.","Griff Witte is the Jerusalem bureau chief for the Washington Post. Thank you very much.","Thanks, Madeleine."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation in Gaza is much worse than the humanitarian supplies suggest.","questions":"Which supplies were allowed to enter Gaza?","answer":"Trucks"}
{"text":["Firefighting is dangerous - raging flames, choking smoke, hot, floating ash - but what about the long-term health effects that persist after the fire's been doused and firefighters have gone home?The Chicago Tribune investigated links between fighting fires and deadly cancers that can catch up to those first responders long after they leave a scene. Karen Ann Cullotta reported the story, and she told us she started looking into it after two firefighters in the Chicago area died.","I wrote obituaries for both of them, and I was kind of taken aback that they were both young, and these were what was being called line-of-duty deaths cancer deaths. So I started asking around different fire departments and saying, you know, is this something you're seeing?Is this something that's being talked about?And without exception, every department I spoke with said this is pretty much all we're talking about.","Is it the toxic smoke?What is it?","Yeah. So there's just - there's a lot of questions - unanswered questions. And while there's been research into this for years, it's still unfolding. They've always known that, of course, inhaling smoke is dangerous. But now, these studies are looking at these toxins that are in the smoke and that settle on the skin. So it's not just inhalation. It's actually getting into the skin and into the blood stream from exposed areas."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Raging flames implies that the flames are very strong and active","questions":"How did Karen Ann Cullotta become interested in investigating the links between firefighting and cancer?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Yeah. Millions of dollars. And they actually - the Coogan Law at this moment though actually only protects about 15 percent of a child's earning. And so there's a whole 85 percent that goes somewhere else. And the parents can use it for various things. And the child can use it but, you know, when you're a child you're not going to make most sound financial decisions.","And you end up seeing a lot of child stars actually growing up and getting emancipated from their parents because they don't like the way that their parents have handled their money. And there are other loopholes around it too, like they can appear - they have to appear in front of a court to say that they can do this. But the ones who don't appear in front of a court, they don't have to necessarily pay attention to those rules. And there are a lot of loopholes and sadly there are lot of parents using their kids to make money.","Well, Mara Wilson, thank you very much for your time today. We appreciate your insight. I love the picture of Alfred Hitchcock, who you say once described actors as cattle. And your line, please?","That would make child actors veal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : She believes that child actors are like cattle to be used by others.","questions":"Which animal does the speaker compare child actors to?","answer":"Cattle"}
{"text":["I have many objections. I do want to say, I think whistleblowing is a very important function in democracy. The problem I'm seeing increasingly is that instead of careful curated whistleblowing that takes public interest into account, what we are seeing is these mass-hacked emails just being dumped without any consideration for the privacy of the people.","And there's a lot of personal information that is being exposed. What this does - and this is what scares me - is that this method is going to be used in the future to any political organization - dissident organizations - that are trying to challenge power. And what they're going to end up seeing is that their personal information is going to be dumped for the world.","It looks like the method that started as a way to bring more challenge to secretive elites is actually now evolving into a method that is going to be very destructive to the ecology of dissent.","Professor, I'm sure write dumb emails every day. But I was told a number of years ago by a lawyer - and I'll bet Hillary Clinton and Huma Abedin have been told this by high-price lawyers, too - you never write an email that you wouldn't be willing to see on the front page of The New York Times."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning of this turn is to be aware of the potential consequences of what you write in emails and to be careful with what you say via email.","questions":"How does the lawyer's advice relate to turn 3?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["Hmm. For - yeah, for all of us to take a look at.","Mm-hmm.","What made this an outstanding candidate?Just the story like that, for your. . .","To write about?Well, yeah. The things that I'm always looking for are things that have the quality, as you heard me say a few times, they make people laugh and then think. When you first see them, they're funny. You have almost no choice but to laugh. And then a few days later, you find it still rattling around in your head, and you just want to tell somebody about it. These are the things that really - they're funny mainly because they're so unexpected. There's something about them that you just - at first glance, it's beyond anything you ever had any reason to think about it, just - it's staggering. Maybe later on when you get used to it, it doesn't seem funny anymore, but at first glance. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Funny things that make people think and stick in their mind","questions":"What quality of things does PersonA look for?","answer":"Surprising"}
{"text":["Now, you mentioned play acting. Is there any evidence to show that there's an interesting crime stories that can lead to some people to actually, you know, commit crimes like copycat?","Well, of course. And this is a concern. I wrote a book on violence in a workplace a number of years ago. And whenever, we see an act of violence in the workplace, there's always going to be a copycat somewhere in the country. Let me just quickly say this though. We saw in the inauguration of our new president, Obama, an amazingly hopeful thing. More than a million people, I don't remember the exact number, stood together and there wasn't one arrest.","That's right.","Now, that is an amazing thing. Nowhere in America does that take place except there. So, we have to be thinking that his words choose hope over fear demonstrated with more than a million people staying together and no crime being committed, you know, is a story for the future of hopefulness. But I think that speaks to another element of why we're fascinated with crime, Tony, and that's the sense of compassion. Either you believe people are good or believe people are bad, I believe people are good. But I think that one reason that we are interested in crime is because it allows us to feel our compassion, not only a compassion for the victim but sometimes compassions for the perpetrator."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Is there any evidence to show people will commit crimes similar to what they read or see. The person says that anytime there is workplace violence in one location another person will do the same thing in another location.","questions":"Which workplace issue did PersonA write a book on?","answer":"Violence."}
{"text":["But I'm sure that there's something else that you want to share with us. You have your poems about California, poems about the blues.","I've got one. The once called \"Who I Am in Twilight. \"And it's a poem that is actually emblazoned on the sidewalk. And it's set in stone, as it were, on something called \"Poetry Walk\" in Berkeley, California. They put down on sidewalk, Addison Street, about a hundred poets', I think, work. So it's fun to go over there and see how posterity works, because always somebody has dropped some pizza on it, mashed out a cigarette on it, or something like that.","So don't live for posterity, live for now. But here it is. \"Who I am in Twilight. \"","Like John Lee Hooker, like Lightnin' Hopkins, like the blues himself. The Trickster Sonnet, hoedown, the tango, the cante jondo. Like blessed spirituals and ragas, custom-made. Like sagas. Like stories. Like slick, slow, sly, soliloquies sliding into dramas. Like crime and punishment. Like death and birth. Canal Street, New Orleans. Like the easy, erasable, troubled voices a whirling ceiling fan makes in deep summer nights in hot, un-heavenly hotels. Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee. Like the Mississippi River so deep and wide, you couldn't get a letter to the other side. Like Grand Canyon. Like Yosemite National Park. Like beans and cornbread. Like rest and recreation. Like love and like. I know we last. I know our bleeding stops."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The poet's work is inspired by various cultural influences and experiences.","questions":"Which cultural influences inspired the poet's work?","answer":"Various"}
{"text":["It's actually rotting their bones from the inside.","It's rotting. Yeah.","I suppose worth noting - the - these were young women at the time that they were employed working in factories. Not. . .","Teenagers, many of them. Yeah."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The young women working in factories were suffering a lot due to the unhealthy environment.","questions":"What was the age group of the women working in factories mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"teenagers"}
{"text":["I don't know what a - difference between an executive order and a proclamation is.","Well, proclamations seem to be more rare. They do kind of echo of something royal, but it has basically the same effect as an executive order.","And how would this change what somebody who wants to apply for asylum must do?","Well, it's trying to bar asylum for people who enter the U. S.  in between ports of entry."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Proclamations are rare and have a royal tone but have the same effect as an executive order","questions":"What is the tone of proclamations?","answer":"Rare"}
{"text":["I stopped the clocks because, A - my contract was running out, and, yes, I am eligible for retirement 'cause I'm 72 now. But the hand-wound ones, they're big cast iron weights. If the weights, when they run out, fell over, it would take three men to reconnect all the wires going through the pulleys and things, so it was on a safety grounds that I stopped them.","Why did you stop both hands at 12?","Well, I stopped them at 12 o'clock because every time I get a clock on my working license, and my father-in-law before me, people seem to think, oh, that clock is at 12 o'clock. And they look at their watch or something, and they'll say, oh, it's stopped. Whereas if I left it at any time, they don't seem to pick it up quick enough.","Well, Mr.  Mitchell, may I ask, are there a lot of other people doing a job like yours or is that number dwindling these days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"are there a lot of other people doing a job like yours or is that number dwindling these days?\" The literal meaning of \"doing a job like yours\" is performing a similar occupation. However, the actual meaning is whether there are still many people employed as clock repairers or if the profession is declining.","questions":"Which profession is the subject of the question asked by PersonB in turn 3?","answer":"Clockrepair"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Good morning.","The U. S.  has been unstoppable so far. Should the American women be worried about the Dutch?","Well, yes, the U. S.  has been amazing so far. They've only allowed three goals the entire tournament, and they've now won 11 World Cup games in a row, which is a record. But this could be a tricky match against the Netherlands. This Holland team has made it to the final by upsetting teams that were supposed to beat them. And this is, actually, only their second time playing in a World Cup. They made it to the round of 16 four years ago in Canada. But then they won the 2017 European Championships, and they've only gotten stronger since then.","All right, we'll get to Megan Rapinoe in a second. But I want to ask about the Dutch side first. Who are you watching there?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The teams were not upset emotionally but picked to win and lost.","questions":"How did the opposing teams feel after losing to the Dutch side?","answer":"Supposed"}
{"text":["Oh, I come off great. I'm a great character, Dain Ironfoot. I don't have much to do. It's, like, in a cameo role. And I'm not really sure how much I'm allowed to say, but the king dies and I step into his place in a very violent way. But I'm a ruffian, you know. I ride a wild pig and I wear iron shoes and I use an ax as a weapon, and it's - I've got hair down to my waist, and my beard down to my waist and tattooed face, and it's an extraordinarily appearance. It takes two-and-a-half hours to get me ready.","Well, that can't have been fun.","I was the wheel(ph) in a Volkswagen.","I've got so much stuff on."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Being a wheel in a Volkswagen implies that he was carrying a lot of physical material","questions":"How does turn 2 describe the physical load that the speaker is carrying?","answer":"Material"}
{"text":["Yeah, thank you.","So tell us what the article said.","Well, it's very interesting. It's in the Jesuit magazine La Civilta Cattolica. It's a very historic magazine, the Jesuits, of course, being the same order that Pope Francis - an order of priest that Pope Francis is a part of. And what's very interesting is that these two authors are known to be quite close to him. One, Antonio Spadaro, was the person who interviewed him in 2013 and made a big splash. And what they're saying is that they're concerned about ties between fundamental evangelicals and, kind of, right-wing Catholics in the U. S.  that are focused only on very neuralgic issues and kind of dividing in politics.","And the article, I believe, specifically talks about xenophobic and Islamophobic views.","Yeah. What the authors say is that, you know, Pope Francis has really been trying to create a culture of dialogue encounter, really working with people across all the spectrums. And what the two authors in this article are saying is that these right-wing groups in the U. S.  have been really doing the opposite. Where Pope Francis is trying to build bridges, they're trying to build walls. And they're playing up concerns about migration, about refugees. And they're kind of operating in the exact opposite way of the pope which, for a Catholic, is obviously a very strange thing.","All right, this article also directly mentions President Donald Trump and his adviser Steve Bannon. What does it say about them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Xenophobic and Islamophobic views\" - The literal meaning is a fear or dislike of foreigners or Islamic religion.","questions":"Which views does the article specifically talk about?","answer":"Xenophobic,Islamophobic"}
{"text":["So we hear that a lot. We hear employees being congratulated for working 24\/7, which now we know is the cognitive equivalent of coming to work drunk. But it's changing. We are now in this amazing transition period where more and more companies are beginning to realize that living like that and working like that has actually terrible consequences, not just on the health and productivity of their employees but also on their bottom line.","You talk about sleep as a basic human right that we have not ranked alongside, you know, the right not to go hungry, the right to freedom of expression, that sort of thing.","Yes, and what is interesting is that it's a right that has been violated both in workplaces where employees have been expected to be perpetually on, especially since the advent of the smartphone, but also which is constantly violated by us because we have so minimized the importance of sleep. So that basic human right that you mention is often violated by us.","We can't do an interview with Arianna Huffington at this point and not ask about the 2016 presidential campaign. And I will point out Donald Trump says he just gets by on about four hours of sleep a night. Any reaction to that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implies that people have become so used to not prioritizing sleep that they are violating their own basic human right. ","questions":"How is the basic human right of sleep being violated?","answer":"Sleep"}
{"text":["Claire Messud's \"The Burning Girl\" is a novel about two girls, Cassie and Julia, who make each other who they are. Cassie's the bold one who looks for rules to break. Julia is the voice of caution and conscience who'd like a little of Cassie's daring. We had one mind, as Julia recall, and could roam its limits together. They grow apart in middle school. Cassie hangs out with the more conspicuously popular crowd. Julia's hurt but becomes aware that Cassie is on the verge of disaster. Julia may be the one person to help pull her back.","\"The Burning Girl\" is the latest novel from Claire Messud, author of \"The Emperor's Children\" and other acclaimed novels. She's also taught creative writing and special programs at many colleges and joins us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks, Scott, for having me.","What's the special intensity of being BFFs as youngsters?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The strong bond between Cassie and Julia is both powerful and fragile.","questions":"How would you describe the bond between Cassie and Julia?","answer":"powerful"}
{"text":["We submitted this proposal yesterday to President-elect Obama, his transition team, and congressional leaders. As you may know, right now, they are working on trying to develop an economic stimulus plan that they're hoping to enact early in 2009. We are suggesting that this be part of that plan.","The National Retail Federation's leadership thinks that we need a two-pronged approach for fiscal stimulus. We think that you need something to provide some long-term economic stimulus, such as investment in infrastructure, which is being suggested. But that type of stimulus has a long lead time.","We think that you also need something that's developed to provide some short-term economic stimulus. As you may know, consumer spending accounts for 70 percent of the GDP. So we think that if, through these sales tax holidays, we can do something to spur consumer spending, that that will get re-circulated through the economy and will have a positive effect in 2009.","There are some states out there, for example Oregon and Maine, which currently don't have sales taxes throughout the year. Is there anything that you can potentially learn from states that have been doing this for a while?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : long lead time means it takes awhile for something to happen","questions":"How would you describe the impact of investment in infrastructure?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["That's right. There are a few things in particular that stood out in the early excerpts. I haven't had the chance to get my hands on the book yet. But a couple of things in particular. One is that Bannon talks about that infamous Trump Tower meeting in June of 2016 that featured Donald Trump Jr. , Jared Kushner, Paul Manafort and the meeting that they had with the Russian lawyer, who was offering dirt on Hillary Clinton. Bannon describes the meeting as treasonous, as unpatriotic. And he says that those three should've called the FBI immediately. A second thing is that he also says that there's no way - there's no way that Trump Jr.  didn't walk the Russians up one floor to the 26th floor of Trump Tower and introduce them to Trump himself.","We should explain that's his - he doesn't know that happened, but he just finds it inconceivable it didn't.","He doesn't offer any proof. He wasn't in the campaign at the time. But this would be important if true because Trump has denied any knowledge of the Russian overtures, any knowledge of Russian outreach. And it would - this would obviously contradict that. The last thing is that Bannon says that the investigation is going to focus on money laundering. There are indications that Mueller's team may indeed be looking at that. So a lot to digest there.","NPR's Ryan Lucas, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Bannon describes the meeting as treasonous, as unpatriotic.\" - The actual meaning of this turn is figurative and implies that Bannon believes the meeting was disloyal and against the country's interests, rather than literally being an act of treason.","questions":"How does Bannon describe the Trump Tower meeting?","answer":"Treasonous"}
{"text":["Let's start with the idea of this weight loss or calories burned. How does this compare to other athletes in other sports?","One of the basic facts was the 1984 World Chess Championship, right?So after five months and 48 games, defending champion Anatoly Karpov had lost 22 pounds. And some people said he looked, like, dead. Chess players were burning calories around the same rate as tennis players and competitive marathon runners. Like, in October 2018, Polard, this company that tracks heart rates, monitored chess players during a tournament and found out that this 21-year-old Russian grandmaster, Mikhail Antipov, had burned 560 calories in two hours, which we found out was roughly what Roger Federer would burn in one hour of singles tennis.","And I talked to Robert Sapolsky. He's been studying primates for a long time now, and he corroborated that fact and said that, you know, chess players can burn up to 6,000 calories in a day by playing a tournament, which is three times that of any human on a regular day.","Now, what did you learn about why?Is it that their brains are just using that much energy, or is there something physiological going on?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Some people said due to the fact that he was so thin that he looked like he was dead as dead people have no fat.","questions":"What was the appearance of Anatoly Karpov after losing weight during the 1984 World Chess Championship?","answer":"Dead."}
{"text":["We don't know what, if anything, he has told the investigators thus far. But we do know, as we suggested earlier, a lot of the questions. For example, where did the guns come from?Where did the explosives come from?And where did the money for those things come from?","Well, first of all, if he is coming in and out of consciousness - which is what we understand is going on right now, in the hospital room - they really can't question him. He has to be sort of sitting up and reasonably aware of what's going on. Now, this had happened in the Abdulmutallab case, in 2009. That's the young man from Nigeria who was on Flight 253, going over Detroit, and he was wearing an underwear bomb.","And for the first 50 minutes - five, zero minutes - that he was in custody, they questioned him without Mirandizing him because they wanted to know if this is part of a broader plot. But then they Mirandized him. . .","Were there other bombs on other planes?Yes."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The suspect's condition may affect the interrogation process.","questions":"How might the suspect's state impact the questioning?","answer":"Consciousness"}
{"text":["Yesterday, in a letter to Congress, Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said that significant uncertainty now exists with regard to unresolved tax and spending policies for 2013, but we didn't really need Timothy Geithner to tell us that. Ron Elving is with us. He's NPR's senior Washington editor, and he joins me here in Studio 3A to help us make sense of what's happening in Washington as this deadline looms closer like a shadow approaching. Right, Ron?Welcome back to TALK OF THE NATION.","Good to be with you, Celeste.","Explain to me what's going on 'cause, first, we heard there may be a proposal from the president, then we heard there's no proposal from the president. Where do the negotiations stand?","The Senate is here. The president is here. They appear to be talking. The president was on the phone before he left Hawaii with the Republican and Democratic leaders of both the House and Senate. And apparently in one of the conversations that he had, either last night or after he got back here today, he intimated in some way to the Republican leader in the Senate - now, of course he's the minority leader in the Senate, as the Republicans are under 50 percent in that body - and Mitch McConnell got the message one way or another that the president was going to put something new on the table later on today. And so his people came out and told all the reporters on Capitol Hill, we're getting something from the president today, stay tuned."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : We already knew about the uncertainty regarding tax and spending policies in 2013","questions":"Which Republican leader got the message from the president about putting something new on the table later on today?","answer":"McConnell"}
{"text":["We also heard singer-songwriter Ben Harper on that track. He wrote most of the songs on this album. He produced it. How did you two meet?Why do you think you clicked with him?","Well, Ben had written me a song for one of my other albums - \"Livin' On A High Note. \"And that song was \"Love And Trust\"","(Singing) Do what you can. Do what you must. Everybody's trying to find some love and trust. I walk the line. I walk it for us. See me out here trying to find some love and trust.","I fell so in love with that song. And every time we'd sing it, the audience - they would just roar, you know. It turned out so well. So I - we'd been singing it for a couple of years then. I ran into Ben on the road. That's where we would always meet up - somewhere on the road. And I told him. I said, Ben, that song - you have got to write me another song. He said, well, Mavis, why don't I write you 11 songs?I said, why don't you do that?He said, let's make an album. I said, sounds good to me. You know, I said, I don't know if I could handle 11 good songs from Ben Harper. He said, oh, yeah, you can handle it, Mavis."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The song 'Love and Trust' was written by Ben Harper for Mavis Staples","questions":"Which song did Mavis Staples perform that made the audience roar?","answer":"LoveandTrust"}
{"text":["Well, we had some great conversations about what it took to play the position. And you know, Bob Watson, who started out as a catcher, was one of the committee members. Phil Niekro, Bert Blyleven and Don Sutton, Pat Gillick, all pitchers, all Hall Famers, were really able to add a lot of insight to what it must have been like.","And the other - one of the main things we talked about was just how they played much shorter schedules in the 1870s. So when you look at career statistics, that's a huge distortion. Deacon White ended up with 2,000 career hits, but he was playing in a - in an average of 40, 50, 60-game schedules a year. So there was no way to generate the kind of career milestones that we look at as benchmarks today. You know, 3,000 hits would be all but impossible. And 2,000 was a terrific accomplishment.","And the number of errors he recorded even as a great defensive catcher would have been, you know, totally unacceptable by today's standards.","Oh, exactly. Yeah. And again, an issue where we had to really sort of look at what - compare him to people from his own era. And when we did that, you know, it became really obvious just how much he stood above his contemporaries.","Are the records from those days good enough that you have reliable accounts of who was good and who was great?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Comparing a player's skill to their peers is important when assessing their historical impact.","questions":"Which player had to be compared to his contemporaries to determine his skill level?","answer":"Deacon"}
{"text":["There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N.  official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?","Yanghee Lee, the U. N. 's special rapporteur for human rights in Myanmar, has been denied entry. A U. N.  fact-finding mission has been denied entry. If there was going to be a return - and this is premature - but if there was going to be a return, there would have to be some sort of international monitoring in place.","Myanmar sees most of the Rohingya as illegal migrants who originally came from Bangladesh generations ago. Bangladesh does not want them either. We're seeing a new generation growing up in refugee camps. In many ways, they are stateless people. Bangladesh is not giving newborns, for example, documents to show that they have any status at all in the country. So what is the way forward?","The bottom line is they - Rohingya have been in Myanmar for centuries. They have legitimate claims to citizenship there. And the notion that they're stateless or somehow they are kind of an alien people is nonsense. It is nonsense. It is a myth perpetrated by the authorities in Myanmar. So yeah, the government of Bangladesh should have policies that are tolerant and willing to take care of the Rohingya for as long as they need to be taken care of. But the culprit here is the government and the military in Myanmar."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The government and military of Myanmar are responsible for the mistreatment of the Rohingya.","questions":"How are the authorities in Myanmar described by A?","answer":"Culprit"}
{"text":["Tell me about it.","I was teaching in a program called Community Studies, which was an interdisciplinary program, work-study program. You'd go to school for a while, and then you'd go out and work, and then you'd come back and write about it. And there was a woman enrolled in one of my classes who had four kids, and a husband in San Quentin. Her third husband, by whom she had no kids. This was in the 1980s, when San Quentin was experimenting with conjugal visits. She'd say, Mr.  Young, I won't be in class because it's conjugal visiting day at the 'Q'. And so I finally ask her about it. And her body language was of two kinds. She was smiling and obviously joyous when she talked about how it was to go see her husband once a month.","And then her body language changed and she got very severe, and she sat up in her seat across from my desk, and she said, and when I get back to my - to Santa Cruz, and I'm trying to do my schoolwork and take care of my kids, do my job, he can't mess with me because he's locked up in the joint. And this kind of thing. So she had obviously solved her problems. She had her man, but you know, she didn't have to put up with him all the time. But the subtext of it is about our society's policy of just warehousing people, so it's a matter of priorities.","In your work as not just a poet but as a teacher, what's your mission?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The woman in the program had to balance schoolwork, work, and taking care of her kids while also visiting her husband in prison","questions":"What was the program called that the woman was enrolled in?","answer":"Community-Studies"}
{"text":["When we had a transfer of presidencies in this country, when Barack Obama came in four years ago and George W.  Bush got aboard the helicopter and left town, well, George W.  Bush has pretty vanished from the American political leadership. He wrote a book, did pretty well with that. I gather he gives some speeches, but he plays no great part in the American political system. Bill Clinton has been playing a little bit more in this election.","But in the meantime, Mr.  Hu Jintao on his way out - really, on the way out?He will be a member of the Standing Committee. He's not going to be president. He's not going to be chairman of the party anymore, but?","He still may have a pretty strong role in the military. There's also the former president of China, who I covered back in the '90s, named Jiang Zemin who's from Shanghai. He has been front and center at the Party Congress. He's been out and about. He's in his mid-80s. He's playing role in terms of lining up who's going to take over. There's a lot of horse trading, but it's very, very opaque. And the average Chinese person really doesn't have any sense of where it's heading.","So you're getting this new generation of younger leaders, but the gerontocracy, the old leaders, behind the scenes, they're still playing a role."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement implies that George W. Bush is not as relevant in American politics as he used to be.","questions":"Which former US president wrote a book and gives speeches but does not play a great part in the American political system anymore?","answer":"Bush"}
{"text":["Media looks very bad on this. It looks credulous for Justice Department sources. Hatfill had filed suit against the government and, you know, sought to get the names of sources from journalists, taking them to court to do so, and to try to prove that the Justice Department had intentionally leaked this, as they sought to, you know, circle in on him and to capture him for these attacks.","Now, this year, there was a settlement, a legal settlement, for Steven Hatfill from the government.","That's right. Just a few months ago, the government essentially paid out a package - depending on how you value it - but about 5. 85 million dollars to compensate him for lost revenue over the course of his career. He lost a job at Louisiana State University, as a result of this, that he had been offered. Interestingly, the government did not exonerate him directly. Although the entire settlement tended to do that, but it not explicitly exonerate him, and nor did it apologize to him for this. CHADWICK: I don't imagine that we in the media are going to be apologizing to him either. NPR's David Folkenflik, thank you.","You bet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Now, this year, there was a settlement, a legal settlement, for Steven Hatfill from the government.\" - The literal meaning is that the government reached a legal agreement with Steven Hatfill to compensate him for lost revenue.","questions":"How much did the government compensate Steven Hatfill?","answer":"5.85"}
{"text":["In the 15 seconds we have left, if there's an agreement of some kind this weekend, does the debate just begin all over again in a couple of weeks over the debt ceiling?","Absolutely. We are sort of going through one crisis at a time right now.","Ramesh Ponnuru is senior editor for the National Review and a columnist for Bloomberg View. Thank so much for being with us, sir.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2).  While the literal meaning of A's response is simply agreement with B's statement, the implied meaning is that there are multiple crises happening simultaneously, and therefore the country is not able to focus on one issue before another arises. This suggests a sense of overwhelm or difficulty in managing the situation.","questions":"How does PersonA's response suggest the current state of the country's ability to manage crises?","answer":"Overwhelm"}
{"text":["Do you ever feel that way, you're just so tired of singing, but you know you have to because that song is so closely associated with who you are?","Well \"Band of Gold\" would be it, but by the time I get to the end of the show, and I'm coming back for that last encore\u2026","(Singing) Now that you're gone, all that's left is a band of gold\u2026","A lot of times, I will do \"Band of Gold,\" and as a matter of fact, I - and I find that it's a good thing because I see people in the audience just light up, like (unintelligible)\u2026"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"(Singing) Now that you're gone, all that's left is a band of gold\u2026\" - The implied meaning here is that the person is singing a melancholy song about the loss of a loved one and how all that remains is a tangible reminder of their love (represented by a band of gold).","questions":"How would you describe the emotion conveyed in the song?","answer":"Sadness"}
{"text":["They're tackling it backwards. At the end of the day, put in age verification because otherwise, every teenager would be drinking beer and going to the liquor store four, five times a day. Put in age verification. Make sure - and keep those companies - and hold them accountable. But if you put in age verification as an adult product, that is all you need to do.","So how much business do you stand to lose once this ban on thousands of flavors goes into effect?","That remains to be seen. I don't know. And I don't think it will go into effect. I think, at the end of the day, cooler heads will prevail because what's going to happen is you have to have the understanding and the knowledge and have all the information available to you prior to making such a drastic statement and doing something that will ultimately drive most people back to cigarettes.","We have literally, you know, destroyed the actual tobacco category as we know it because we gave them a vastly less harmful alternative. And that is what we are very proud of, and that is exactly what we're trying to continue."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Nothing is getting tackled. The people are trying to solve the problem the wrong way.","questions":"Which product does PersonA suggest adding age verification to?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["Yeah. So they did the - this is an amazing study and a beautiful video because of their research. They have really lovely time-lapse movies of cucumbers growing. And, you know, you think of plants as planted. . .","They stay there.",". . . stationary, kind of boring.","They don't move. Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Plants are immobile, unlike humans who move around.","questions":"How would you describe plants' mobility compared to humans?","answer":"Immobile"}
{"text":["Well, Lyrics Born, thanks so much.","Thank you. My pleasure.","Rapper and producer Lyrics Born's new album is \"Everywhere At Once. \"He joined us from the studios at UC Berkeley School of Journalism.","(Rapping) I came a long way From eating off-brand rice I came a long way From writing fourth grade rhymes I came a long way To get my pay grade high Baby, you ain't never heard me come the same way twice."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Lyrics Born has come a long way from his humble beginnings.","questions":"How has Lyrics Born progressed?","answer":"Progressed"}
{"text":["As we mentioned, polls show that a strong majority of Republicans do still support the death penalty. You're one of the growing number of those, though, who have called for repealing it. And there has been a move, as we said earlier, in some red states to repeal the death penalty. What do you think accounts for that shift?Is it just about economics?","No, I don't think it's solely economics. But, again, you know, most Republicans are pro-life. And when you start looking at the abortion issue and the life issue, you start to have to ask yourself, am I being consistent when I'm looking at the death penalty?","And, you know, for the longest time, the death penalty from the criminal law standpoint was there only for society's revenge. You know, it doesn't serve the other goals of criminal law. There's no rehabilitation of anybody. There's no study that shows that it helps prevent crime. So we're really kind of in that Old Testament retribution. And I think as we move more and more away from that and then factor in the economics, there's a real reason to get rid of it.","You mentioned, though, religion in politics as well as economics. I'm curious - how do you think about the morality of this question of the death penalty?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : red states meaning those that are primarily seen as republican dominated","questions":"How are red states primarily seen?","answer":"Republican"}
{"text":["People on the ground are really panicking. Women, children, families have been, on a daily basis for the last four months, been in an area where there's been bombing, airstrikes, ground offensives that has really made their life impossible. More than 400,000 had to run to safety within the governorate in an area where 3 million people are living. We've had more than a hundred incidents of health clinics, schools, water distribution points, a market that received a direct strike, which was really - has tolled, so far, more than 500 deaths and a total panic where one sees entire villages and towns deserted, people running to safety.","So our biggest concern is really the protection of civilians. The basic rule of war - that residential areas, civilians should be respected and protected - it is violated at this point in the Idlib area. And that's really something that is not acceptable.","We should remind people, in fact, a direct intentional attack on civilians is a war crime, isn't it?","It is. If it's proven that it's intentional, it is."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People that are in the area of the conflict while it is happening.","questions":"Which group of people in the conflict zone is the biggest concern for A?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["And is it a big lead or barely a lead at all?The pollsters are also hard at work, as is NPR senior Washington editor Ron Elving. Ron, welcome back on this Monday. How much difference is there in the polls?","A lot, in terms of margin. You know, it's a statistical tie in some polls, it's too close to call in some polls, and then you have some other polls where it's beginning to look like a blow out, where it's a double digit lead and where it's concentrated in the battleground states in ways that really favor Barack Obama.","So, if you want to look for a poll that makes it look like a close contest, you can find one. And if you want to look at a poll that makes it look like Barack Obama is really opening something up here, you can find those too. In a way, though, you can say all the polls are agreed on one thing, there is consistency in all of them having Barack Obama ahead.","I can't find any major national poll that has John McCain ahead in this race. So, some people would say, that's really all that matters."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Although there are varying poll results, all of them show that Barack Obama is consistently ahead.","questions":"What is the consistency in all of the polls?","answer":"Consistency"}
{"text":["First week of the season, a young boy - he has the ball over his head. He's ready to make the throw-in. And a spectator on the sideline puts her hands on the child's shoulders, spins him around so he'd be redirecting the ball to a different player. So I blew my whistle. And I said - is this your child?And she said, no, this is not my child. So I explained to her, I said, you can never, ever, ever, ever touch a player.","So this was a cry for civility, not I'm sick and tired and can't take it anymore?","That's correct. This is a cry for civility. This is a plea for everyone to join me and everyone else who believes that we can have a fun, fair and safe experience in which sanity is expressed on the sideline.","Well, it sounds that you're complaining less that your feelings were hurt than the youngsters might be getting a very bad example of what it is to be an adult."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Well, it sounds that you're complaining less that your feelings were hurt than the youngsters might be getting a very bad example of what it is to be an adult.  In these turns, the speakers are using figurative language or implied meanings rather than stating things directly.","questions":"What was the implied meaning behind the phrase \"cry for civility\"?","answer":"Request"}
{"text":["It'll rip the shirt right off of your back one day and the next day it's so beautiful you can hardly stand it.","Gary England, master meteorologist of Oklahoma City. Thanks so much for being with us.","It was my pleasure.","You're listening to WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : right off bck demage our shirt for beautiful at the same time is really implied meaning","questions":"Which meteorologist was being interviewed in the dialogue?","answer":"Gary"}
{"text":["What about William Thompson, Jr. ?Originally of Brooklyn, now of Manhattan. He actually won the Democratic nomination four years ago and ran an unexpectedly close race.","Oh, absolutely. And interestingly enough, he's been part of the New York political establishment for a very long time. You hear people refer to him as Billy, because he's William Thompson, Jr.  His father was prominent in politics, generally well-liked in very much a known quantity.","Bill de Blasio of Brooklyn, the public advocate.","An interesting man - I guess you could still call him a young man. I was about to call him a young man. I've known him since we were both running around in sneakers. But he was an aide to David Dinkins. He was the campaign manager for Hillary Clinton when she ran for Senate here in New York and served a couple of terms in the New York City Council. So, he's been in and around this stuff for decades and now he thinks it's his time to go for the big chair."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn not provided. Please provide a turn for me to analyze.","questions":"Which position did Bill de Blasio previously hold before running for the big chair?","answer":"Campaign"}
{"text":["No. We banned those in 2001 after the disastrous 2000 presidential recount. And fortunately for the state is - part of the reform packages passed after 2000 were a number of standards, methods and clear ways in which to perform recounts. And, lucky us, we now probably have three statewide recounts in Florida, as well as three state legislative seats - a record six in the state in one election.","Oh, my word. Well, how close is the governor's race, Marc?","The governor's race - I would like to use one of those old phrases, you know, the old cliche. It's about as tight as a tick in a rug or something. But it's not as tight as the Senate race. The governor's race is about 36,000 ballots almost on-the-nose apart - the margin. The - in the end, the margin is 0. 44 percent. And it takes 0. 5 percent - that is half a percent - to go to recount. So the governor's race in Florida's probably going to recount.","And what about the Senate race?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Senate race implies the quest to become a senator and not a running competition between senators","questions":"How does turn 3 clarify the term \"Senate race\"?","answer":"Quest"}
{"text":["It sounds like from what you're saying the city leadership including the mayor is very much in support of there being this massive celebration.","I think that's fair to say. It's kind of been interesting to watch this unfold over the last couple of weeks, because the venues that would have been available, Soldier Field, the football stadium just a little ways away from here wasn't available apparently, or couldn't accommodate the Obama Campaign. The indoor arena, the United Center, some thought may be too small, seating 18,000, 20,000. But there's a concert there tonight anyway, so that was ruled out.","And it seemed to surprise city officials to some degree a month or so ago when the Obama campaign said they'd like to do it in the park. But the city has been very accommodating. They have pulled back - and initially Mayor Daley said everybody should come down, even if they don't have a ticket and just be a part of the celebration in the streets and around the park. The police department and the fire department and the emergency management folks for the city kind of pulled back on that and said, we only want people in the are who are supposed to be in the area, let's try to set up an alternative venue. And so that's what they've gone ahead and done in setting up in another section of Grant Park the big Jumbotrons.","Now, I understand that you have already gone and voted today."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to watch something unfold means to watch an event happen","questions":"How would you describe the venues that were considered for the Obama Campaign?","answer":"unavailable"}
{"text":["That's a great question. Things are definitely improving in the eurozone. It is unfortunately too early to say that they're out of the woods or even completely out of their recession.","I gather that most of the growth appears to be centered in Germany and to a lesser degree France. And is this then just a case of work with the best economies to begin with getting a little bit better?","Well, Germany has been the better of the European economies, since they're getting a little bit better. France has struggled. Portugal had some good numbers last quarter. That's encouraging. But you're right, we are still deeply worried about other places, such as Italy, Spain and, of course, Greece.","Well, that brings up the question because unemployment still continues to be perniciously high in Spain and Greece. Does this improvement somehow filter through to them?","Well, it certainly will - should if it continues, but you need faster growth rates than this. The hope is that this is the beginning of a faster recovery. But the way the European economy is, roughly speaking, you need more than 1 percent per year annualized growth rate in order to reduce unemployment. Unemployment's very high. We want to be seeing on an annualized basis 2 percent, perhaps even 3 percent in this recovery phase in order to feel that they've really turned the corner.","You need greater growth to be able to spur greater hiring and to lower the unemployment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The current improvement in the eurozone is not enough to solve its problems, and more growth is needed to reduce unemployment.","questions":"Which problem requires greater growth in the eurozone?","answer":"Unemployment"}
{"text":["Media looks very bad on this. It looks credulous for Justice Department sources. Hatfill had filed suit against the government and, you know, sought to get the names of sources from journalists, taking them to court to do so, and to try to prove that the Justice Department had intentionally leaked this, as they sought to, you know, circle in on him and to capture him for these attacks.","Now, this year, there was a settlement, a legal settlement, for Steven Hatfill from the government.","That's right. Just a few months ago, the government essentially paid out a package - depending on how you value it - but about 5. 85 million dollars to compensate him for lost revenue over the course of his career. He lost a job at Louisiana State University, as a result of this, that he had been offered. Interestingly, the government did not exonerate him directly. Although the entire settlement tended to do that, but it not explicitly exonerate him, and nor did it apologize to him for this. CHADWICK: I don't imagine that we in the media are going to be apologizing to him either. NPR's David Folkenflik, thank you.","You bet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Now, this year, there was a settlement, a legal settlement, for Steven Hatfill from the government.\" - The literal meaning is that the government reached a legal agreement with Steven Hatfill to compensate him for lost revenue.","questions":"What did the government do this year for Steven Hatfill?","answer":"Settlement"}
{"text":["Well, a number of the Iraqis have wished us a happy new year. They know that New Year's is a pretty big deal for us. But right now, our new year is coinciding with the Ashura pilgrimage, which is a Shia holiday. And so, a number of the Iraqis are making their way down to the holy cities in Najaf and Karbala.","And the loudspeakers on a lot of the mosques are broadcasting prayers pretty much all day and all night. So that makes it a little bit interesting when we try to sleep, but we know that that's a real large holiday for them, as well.","Right. So I don't know if you can characterize it, but what's the general mood there among the soldiers as the year turns?","Well, a lot of the soldiers are really looking back on this year as one where we've made tremendous progress. My unit in particular, when we left at the end of 2006, things were really rough, and there was a lot of sectarian violence. And we really didn't know which way this thing was going to turn."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The loudspeakers broadcasting prayers all day and all night is causing disturbance for the soldiers trying to sleep.","questions":"Which noise?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["That leaves a very unnerving feeling because, if they're on the loose, and they're on a suicide mission, and they're not - you know, they could strike at any point of time. So, it does definitely leave an unnerving feeling. As long as you're home, you're secure. But one doesn't know what to expect tomorrow.","Mr. Doctor, I understand that you are a Muslim. Is that correct?","That is correct, yeah.","So far, there has not been official confirmation of who's responsible for these attacks, but they have been attributed, at least in part, to Islamic militants. How do you think the situation there might affect Hindu-Muslim relations in Mumbai?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to strike implies to hit or blow and not to cross out or delete ","questions":"What does the turn 0 imply?","answer":"Hit"}
{"text":["I've been gone for four years, but the organization is carrying on very strong. It's 18 years old now, and this is an organization where almost an entire generation of youth have been raised with a complete consciousness of their history, both black and brown, and the unity in that history. And those are stories that I believe are not told enough. We always focus on the conflict, we know where we don't get along, but we need to promote the examples of where we're working together successfully much more.","You suffered a tragic loss when your daughter was killed in a car accident. How did you pick yourself up and keep doing your work after that?","Well, it was 2006, and you know, you just do. Some people have said to me, how was I able to get over it and continue on?I haven't gotten over anything. It is with me every single day, it is what I think about every morning I wake up, it is what I think about every day before I go to bed. Her presence is very much in my life, and it wasn't just my daughter, it was also my son-in-law as well. And I lost them at the peak of their life. And so I, like millions of other parents, manage. You don't get over it, you just manage.","If you could take your magic wand, and wave it over California, and see what happened in 10 years, what would you be most proud of?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is no way to get over losing loved ones, but we can learn to manage our grief.","questions":"Which peak of life did PersonA's daughter and son-in-law lose?","answer":"Peak"}
{"text":["There was no regulation at the time. I mean, the calves that they experimented on in the '60s came from Cooley's ranch. And when I was researching this, I heard this really bizarre story. And I asked - I had one source that I trusted implicitly. And I called her, and I said, I heard that Dr.  Cooley put a pig's heart in somebody. And she didn't bat an eye, and she said no, no, no, it was a sheep. Those were the days (laughter). You know, today, we have the FDA. We have hospital review boards. We have all kinds of things.","When you say artificial heart, you know, the first name that might come up is Robert Jarvik. I mean, some listeners might recall his name. He created a heart that kept Barney Clark, a dentist from Seattle - kept him alive for 112 days back in 1982. That was a huge story, huge story at the time. And that was a long time ago (laughter). Where are we today?Are people still getting artificial hearts implanted today?","It's interesting. Jarvik kept going. And there is a form of an artificial heart that Jarvik designed that's probably the best. But there is no total replacement. You know, a battery-operated - something that - they can cut you open, put this piece of titanium in, sew you back up, and you're good to go.","So from all your reporting, did you, you know, finish this up thinking, we're going to see an artificial heart in our lifetime?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Dr. Cooley experimented on animals and put animal hearts in humans","questions":"What did Dr. Cooley put in humans?","answer":"Animal"}
{"text":["Thanks. Glad to be with you.","So what we've been hearing a lot about is basically just a failure of these negotiations to move forward. Before we get to the nuts and bolts of it, from an economic level, how are people in Detroit dealing with what appears to be a reluctance on the part of the federal government to really enter into a bailout?","Well, I think there are really two key emotions that are at play in Detroit right now. One is fear. People are very scared because the auto industry is so important to metro Detroit, thousands and thousands and thousands of jobs. If one or more of the automakers were to go under, the ripple effect here would be catastrophic because the plant is affected and then the suppliers are affected and the restaurants are affected and the shopping malls are affected. So there'd be such a horrible cascading effect.","So fear is number one, and I think number two is anger. People see how roughly the automakers were treated, and people feel that they were being treated as autoworkers, roughly as well, when at the same time you see, you know, on a Sunday night Citibank gets $20 billion without a second thought. So people here are very angry about the different treatments Wall Street and the automakers have received."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The federal government has not provided a bailout for the auto industry in Detroit and people are scared and angry about the potential consequences of this.","questions":"Which industry is causing fear and anger in Detroit?","answer":"Auto"}
{"text":["For my country right now, I hope for the best. I really, really hope and I wish that this could have a solution that didn't include war. But honestly, after all these years, I'm really, really scared, really, really sad. But I think that it's the only way.","(Singing in foreign language).","If the military intervention happens, I hope that then - no innocents die in the process.","That was Venezuelan musician Lolita De Sola."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : they are trying to imply they want peace not war instead ","questions":"Which country does PersonA hope for the best for?","answer":"Country"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Good morning.","So your reaction to this meeting - the president seems to rely on his own brand of personal politics to get things moving.","Absolutely. And Kim Jong Un knows this. That's why he's been trying very hard to separate President Trump from his advisers because he thinks there is a deal to be had by just directly dealing with the president. There are a couple noteworthy things that came out of this meeting. I noticed that Trump - President Trump saying that speed is not the object here because he's looking for a comprehensive deal. And then he hinted that sanctions could be lifted during the working-level negotiations.","This is a departure from the Trump administration's previous stance that sanctions would be lifted only after denuclearization. So I think the bottom line is President Trump is looking for a deal. And potentially, now that working-level negotiations are going to resume, there is a deal to be had."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's not literally a \"brand\" the president has; here it is referring to his own style and approach.","questions":"What is the president's approach referred to as?","answer":"Personal"}
{"text":["Is this situation just overshadowed by other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?","I think so. I think its a challenge that, you know, Uganda is the third largest refugee-hosting country in the world now, but I think most people dont realize that. When we think about refugees, we often think about the Syria crisis, which is the world's largest. We think about people who are crossing the Mediterranean. But we're not thinking about the now almost a million people who've crossed this land border into Uganda but have also fled from South Sudan into Kenya and Ethiopia and even into Sudan.","We're also in a situation where the administration has sent very limited aid budgets to Congress. And fortunately because the commitment that Congress continues to show, they've actually rejected those steep cuts to humanitarian aid and provided strong funding - robust funding for humanitarian assistance. But we need to see that funding really get out of the bank accounts in D. C.  and get out to the ground, where it's needed.","Has Uganda been been so welcoming?The international community has thought there's relatively little reason to get involved."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  I think so. I think it's a challenge that, you know, Uganda is the third largest refugee-hosting country in the world now, but I think most people don't realize that. When we think about refugees, we often think about the Syria crisis, which is the world's largest. We think about people who are crossing the Mediterranean. But we're not thinking about the now almost a million people who've crossed this land border into Uganda but have also fled from South Sudan into Kenya and Ethiopia and even into Sudan.  Implicated meaning: Most people are not aware of Uganda's significant role as the third largest host country for refugees, as their attention is primarily focused on the Syrian crisis and refugees crossing the Mediterranean. The situation involving almost a million people who have crossed into Uganda from neighboring countries is often overlooked or not given enough consideration.","questions":"What is the name of the third largest refugee-hosting country in the world?","answer":"Uganda"}
{"text":["No. But what about the misinformation campaign that we keep discovering more about, hacking, what seems to be just a lot of Russian involvement on a lot of different fronts?Why - what is the Russian interest in causing unrest or consternation in the United States or Western Europe?","Well, actually, I think that causing unrest and consternation is an end in itself. And part of it - part of the goa; is psychological. You know, all of us are interested in seeing our worldviews affirmed. And Russia's worldview - the Russian - the contemporary Russian ideology is that the whole world is rotten. Everybody is corrupt. Everything is for sale. Elections and the United States are just as rigged as they are in Russia. And so sowing the kind of disruption that Russia is sowing first and foremost pursues the goal of affirming that view.","Much of your book is devoted to the stories of four Russians who'd hoped that when the Soviet Union came undone, free speech and democracy would take hold. What happened instead?","Well, actually, those four Russians were much too young to hope for anything when the Soviet Union collapsed. They were preschoolers or kindergarteners when the Soviet Union collapsed. But what happened - and I was interested in them because they came of age - you know, they - or they became human beings in the 1990s, a period that is variously portrayed as a flowering of democracy or as a period of chaos and, you know, robber barons and that sort of thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) the literal meaning of \"hoped\" is different from the implied meaning of \"came of age\" which is that they were old enough to form their own opinions.","questions":"What is the difference between the literal and implied meaning of \"hoped\"?","answer":"Transition"}
{"text":["Well, Freedom Caucus has 40 votes. There are more than 200 House Republicans. Shouldn't you compromise with them?","Well, sure, and we're more than happy to. The way this will end up is that we will end up with a speaker that all of us support. It may be Paul Ryan. It may be somebody else. But keep in mind that the things that we're arguing for are things that most people in the conference want. One of the things that struck me since we started this debate I guess about two weeks ago now are the number of moderates and centrists in my party who have said to me, you know what?","We want the same thing. We're frustrated with this lack of process. We're frustrated with just being a rubberstamp for somebody else's idea. And I think that's why you're seeing such a difficult time replacing Mr.  Boehner is that this lack of satisfaction with the job, the lack of satisfaction with what it means to be a member of Congress runs much, much deeper than just the conservative wing of the party.","So the way you explain it, this isn't over conservative principles. It's over mundane House rules."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the speaker suggests that the difficulty in replacing Mr. Boehner is due to a deeper dissatisfaction with the job and what it means to be a member of Congress. The actual meaning is that the conservative wing of the party is pushing for a more hardline approach on conservative principles, which is making it difficult to find a consensus candidate.","questions":"How does the speaker explain the difficulty in replacing Mr. Boehner?","answer":"Conservativeprinciples"}
{"text":["Tequila.","Hey, before we go - I go pouring it in, give it a smell, though.","OK.","It's very vegetal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the literal meaning of \"It's very vegetal\" would suggest that the tequila has a strong vegetable-like aroma or taste. However, in this context, the actual meaning might be that the tequila has a unique or distinctive flavor profile, possibly referring to the earthy or agave-like characteristics of the tequila.","questions":"What characteristic does the tequila have?","answer":"Unique"}
{"text":["How has technology changed the way that vaccines are made?Is it easier to sort of see responses in living things as they happen now?","Yes, the technology has improved by leaps and bounds. We have, in the case of influenza, now a variety of different ways that we can read out virus neutralization. The traditional way was done using red blood cells, and we would look at the clumping of red blood cells, which is called hemagglutination. And the antibodies to flu would prevent the agglutination of red blood cells.","That was used for decades as the best marker of an immune response. Now we can look with automated assays at neutralization of the virus.","What does that mean?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Improved by leaps and bounds, meaning it has improved by a large margin.","questions":"What is the meaning of \"leaps and bounds\"?","answer":"Significant"}
{"text":["Good to be with you.","So we just heard about what this decision means practically speaking, but what about politically?What's the thought process here?","I think the administration does not want too much attention to be paid to the person that they're handling this portfolio to. In other words, they don't want the czar concept. That was something of a media concept. You know, we do love czars. We like our drug czars, our energy czars. So. . .","And what sounds better than car czar?","(Soundbite of laughter) It's perfect. It was irresistible. And that is exactly why they decided to resist it because they knew we couldn't resist it. They wanted this fellow, and they have a person, his name is Ron Bloom. He has been an investment banker. He has been involved in a number of manufacturing, restructuring situations. And they wanted to bring him into the Treasury Department as a senior adviser to Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The administration doesn't want to draw attention to the position by calling it a 'czar'","questions":"How does the administration want to name the position?","answer":"Czar"}
{"text":["So I pretty immediately - because I was done with school - packed my things up. I quit the job that I had and moved back to Philadelphia and basically spent the last six months with her. It was, you know, it's an around-the-clock job. It's very draining. And at the end of the day, the only thing I had time to write were basically one paragraph or sometimes a sentence - reflections. And I just started collecting them in this folder. And I didn't tend to do anything with them, but they all started to fit together in this large story.","I want to have you read from one of those vignettes, Page 31.","(Reading) I've often thought that being a light-skinned black woman is like being a well-dressed person who is also homeless. You may be able to pass in mainstream society, appearing acceptable to others, even desired. But in reality, you have nowhere to rest, nowhere to feel safe. Even while you're out in public feeling, fine and free, inside, you cannot shake the feeling of rootlessness. Others may even envy you, but this masks the fact that at night, there is nowhere safe for you, no place to call your own.","Tell me a little bit about what that passage means to you. What were you trying to say?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (Reading) I've often thought that being a light-skinned black woman is like being a well-dressed person who is also homeless. Implied meaning: A is describing the feeling of rootlessness that comes with being a light-skinned black woman, despite appearing acceptable to others in mainstream society.","questions":"Which group can PersonA pass in, but still feel rootless inside?","answer":"Well-dressed"}
{"text":["Well, I have to say that the information on cannibalism and corpse medicine was probably one of my favorites because it's so particularly horrific. People would drink the blood of gladiators. Egyptian tombs were being pillaged for mummies so that they could grind them up into these cures. They were mixed with myrrh and spices and sold in England. And there was even an import tax at the time because there were so many mummies being imported.","And of course though, many of these really gruesome cures didn't work at all. But some of them can be used today to really do something, to really help medically.","Yes. Maybe not mercury, for instance, but arsenic which we think of as the poison that kings would use to kill each other - arsenic today is used as a current treatment for promyelocytic leukemia. And I think a lot of people would be pretty shocked to hear that. Opium, we know, has a long history and still exists today for good and for bad. A lot of these other things like leeches can be used by some surgeons to help - in post-surgical patients to, you know, reduce swelling so that the surgerized tissues survive. So it is shocking to find that a lot of these things still are alive and well in our pharmacopoeias and in our hospitals.","But a little more delicately used."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Many things that were once considered archaic, or even dangerous, are still used in medicine today","questions":"How are some archaic treatments still utilized today?","answer":"Medically."}
{"text":["It's lonely. That's why, in many ways, the CIA is the world's biggest dating agency, I think. I imagine it's much like two actors that get married because they understand that universe. You know, I'm pretty sure that the agency's divorce rate is rather high.","You've written a story here with shootings and chases and champagne in suites at the Four Season. But is a lot of spy craft people just scrunched over their laptops sipping coffee?","I would say more likely there's a lot of downtime. You spend a lot of time waiting. You're waiting in a bar or in a restaurant or at a corner to make your meeting. You're doing a lot of surveillance detection routes to make sure that no one is on your tail. You can't put that in a book before the reader puts it down really quickly. However, both Sarah and I felt very strongly we wanted to make it a realistic portrait, particularly of a female operations officer in the CIA. For the most part, to my mind, they come across as how they're portrayed in popular culture is paper dolls - really props more than anything else. And I wanted a strong but realistic character.","A sidebar: have any of the revelations that there have been in recent weeks about the National Security Agency surprised or outraged you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing a desire to create a character in their book who is strong and believable, rather than simply creating a character who is physically strong. The implied meaning is that the speaker values depth and authenticity in their character portrayal, rather than creating a one-dimensional, superficial character.","questions":"How does the speaker value their character portrayal?","answer":"Realistic"}
{"text":["Well, and if you believe the federal government or other arms of the federal government, children are not supposed to be held accountable for their parents' debts. But the Social Security Administration and the Treasury have found a way around that thanks to a one-line change they made in the 2008 Farm Bill.","And that line is?I suspect it has nothing to do with wheat or barley, yeah?","Nothing at all. Basically, what it said is the government, which previously had not been allowed to go out and collect debts that were more than 10 years old, now can go back as far as they'd like - decades back. And in the last couple of years, they've been aggressively doing that to the tune of many hundreds of millions of dollars.","And you've talked to several people who've been hit by this, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"the government, which previously had not been allowed to go out and collect debts that were more than 10 years old, now can go back as far as they'd like - decades back.\" Implicated meaning: The government can now pursue and collect debts that are much older than the previous time limit of 10 years.","questions":"Which bill had a one-line change that allowed the government to collect older debts?","answer":"Farm"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Anthony Leiserowitz of the - he's the director of the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication at Yale. How can you follow up with this?Can you keep coming up with new polls so we can follow this?","Oh, absolutely. We'll be doing this at least twice a year and, of course, we have lots of other colleagues around the country that are also surveying on this exact same topics.","And will we know if this does move into the - more into the political discourse as well as the public discourse?","Well, I think we'll see it. I mean, first of all, you can see it in the amount of - number of times that the president talks about this, that candidate Mitt Romney talks about this, as well as across the board. I mean, remember, it's not just the presidential election. There are some Senate races and congressional races all over this country. And what we're seeing is that a lot of people are beginning to ask the question about climate change."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The discussion about climate change is not only limited to public discourse, but it is also a significant topic in political discourse, including presidential, Senate, and congressional races.","questions":"Which races are being mentioned in the turn 2?","answer":"Presidential,Senate,and"}
{"text":["So, I ended up spending the night at the Juvenile Detention Center. And then, the next day, they went to arraign me, which - you are not supposed to get arraigned in the juvenile detention, when you are on that system. It is a whole different procedure. And I was like, what is going on?And they were like, we are going to, we are going to put you over. We are going to charge you as an adult, because of the severity of the crime. And I was like, whoa, you know?So, it was definitely an eye opener.","How it was different in adult prison than juvenile detention?","Oh, it was, it was harsh. I mean, you are in there with grown men, I was only 17, maybe a 160 pounds, you know?It is just was a - it was quite the dramatic change, you know, from the Juvenile Detention Center. I mean, it was whole another world.","And then, when you got out of prison, you were the victim of violence. What happened then?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : 160 pounds implies the body weight and not referring to money or 160 British pounds ","questions":"How much did PersonA weigh when he was in adult prison?","answer":"160"}
{"text":["Thank you. I know that you've been recently honored with the Outstanding Contribution to Television and Film Award at this year's BAFTA Awards in Scotland. Congratulations.","Well, thank you very much. It took me by surprise.","Really?They took you by surprise and took you all the way there?","Yeah. (Unintelligible) I'm in a very strange position because I'm almost 70 and I - people are giving me sort of good attendance prizes. . .","Well, that's what I call them. Good contribution prizes or something they call them, I don't know, you know, for your outstanding achievement over the years. I think it really means you're getting old, go away."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The 'good contribution prizes' are actually a polite way of telling you to retire","questions":"Which prizes?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["The European ambassador was musing about a possible project used as old British plantation - very impressive - deep in the mountains of Central Africa. You know, in Southern Sudan, you get up at these pretty big mountains, 7 - 10,000 feet and, oh, beautiful plantation of perfectly straight trees that have been growing for 60 years, untouched. So the investors say, well, we've helped them, you know, get a project going to make timber out of a few of these and open a road and then they can use the money to get more tools, and then they'll use that to get a little cottage system going for eco-tourists. And it could happen.","It could happen, but you also point out the same roads can be use by the poachers?","Yes. There is that threat. Most people in South Sudan really don't know what poaching is. This is how they've lived for centuries. It's a rural society so they rightly view it as their way of their way of survival, but does sweep the forest clean of animals. I'll say the only animals I saw in the forest were dead.","Though you did ran into a wild boar."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Poaching is a major problem and is wiping out the forest's animal population.","questions":"What is the main threat to the forest's animal population?","answer":"Poaching"}
{"text":["Sometimes you're crazy, Then you wonder why. I'm such a baby, yeah, That dolphins make me cry.","But there's nothing I can do, I only wanna be with you.","Tell me about your roots in the South and how they influenced you musically?","Oh, big time. I grew up, you know, in Charleston, South Carolina, and I'm 42 years old. So for me, a lot of what I remember back in the day was AM radio. And when I was a kid you could hear Stevie Wonder and Buck Owens on the same channel. You know, that was a thing for me that just listen to AM radio, flipping through the channels and hearing these songs."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : roots implies your family or your earlier days and not the part of trees or plants in the soil ","questions":"How did growing up in Charleston influence the music of the speaker?","answer":"AM"}
{"text":["China's been the fastest-growing major economy in the world for decades. That growth is slowing now. Last month's devaluation of China's currency shook global trading markets. And this week, Treasury Secretary Jack Lew said the U. S.  will hold China accountable for exchange rate fluctuations that caused the recent stock market plunge. But the numbers from China's state-controlled economy are always a little suspect. NPR's Frank Langfitt is traveling in western China to see what the real economy looks like outside of Shanghai. Frank, thanks for being with us.","Good morning, Scott.","And tell us where you are and what you're seeing, please.","Well, I'm in this place called Luliang. It's a city of three to four million, very large area, and it's coal country. There are mountains. There are factories. It's kind of a little like China's Appalachia in a way, except a big difference is until recently, the place was really booming. If you went back to 2010, GDP here was 21 percent. It was enormous. Last year, the place went into recession and was down actually 2 percent. And basically, the last couple days I've been driving all over the area, and the economy here is really a mess."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is that the speaker is physically located in Luliang, a city in China's coal country, and is observing the area's economy. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is reporting on the current state of China's economy outside of Shanghai,","questions":"How would you describe the location where the speaker is reporting from?","answer":"Luliang"}
{"text":["Exactly.","They look like USB drives that you could sneak into a classroom.","And put in a backpack - and, frankly, most parents aren't going to have the first clue what it is. And what the picture is underneath it, the caption says, Mom, it's a USB drive. That is expressly targeted to students. And I want to shut that practice down in my state.","Is there any difference between the suit that you put forward this week against these eight companies and the suit you filed in the spring against Juul?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The appearance of the devices is deceptive and can be easily hidden from parents and teachers. The devices are designed to look like USB drives and are targeted towards students for their discreet usage.","questions":"Which devices are designed to look like USPersonB drives?","answer":"devices"}
{"text":["Yeah, I don't think there's been a response to it yet - not that I've seen. And I guess, you know, it puts a cloud on it. The special relationship was given a boost by the birth of Meghan's and Prince Harry's baby. And that was seen as sort of a good omen ahead of this visit, unfortunately, now is being, obviously, overshadowed by what Donald Trump has said. That may be a prelude to what he may say about other people here.","And I think the concern is that Donald Trump will use this and kind of abuse the invitation. He'll be given all the kind of welcome that he can expect in a royal visit. But is he going to return the favor, or is he going to bring up these tricky diplomatic issues, which are kind of flies in the ointment in the relationship as it currently stands?","So, Dominic, what I'm hearing from you is that there's a great deal of apprehension from the actual government that invited him. So is anything likely to come out of this trip that might be beneficial to the United Kingdom?","Well, if you talk to diplomats that - and their answer is that these state visits are hugely important. But in the background, there's a lot of sort of diplomatic nitty-gritty going on. There's a lot of business deals being made. And the hope is that this continues to cement that relationship, which we're told is greater than the sort of personal relationship currently in the heart of it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Puts a cloud on it\" is not literal. There's no cloud involved. It just means something negative happened wthat overshadows an otherwise positive situation.","questions":"What does \"puts a cloud on it\" mean?","answer":"Negative"}
{"text":["And how did this start?","Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story. And then I would write the story. And then I would send it to him. And I'd give him a first line. And he would start a story. And he would send that back to me. And we did that. And so we decided that we'd open that up to the rest of the world.","How many stories do you typically get?","We run between 300 and 450 submissions in issue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"We run between 300 and 450 submissions in issue.\" - This turn has a different meaning than its literal meaning. It means that the magazine receives between 300 and 450 story submissions for each issue. The word \"run\" is used here to mean \"receive\" or \"accept\". This is an example of using idiomatic language, where a word or phrase is used in a way that is different from its literal meaning.","questions":"How many submissions does the magazine receive per issue?","answer":"300"}
{"text":["Yes, and that's a very different situation because the ice sitting on the ocean, when it melts, it doesn't change sea level. If you think of a glass of ice tea and you put your ice cubes in the ice tea, when the ice melts, your ice tea, obviously, doesn't overflow. The ice just - it. . .","There's quite a difference in volume, but not big enough.","Yeah. It basically doesn't - but the melting ice that's floating doesn't matter, but what - but a lot of the ice sitting on Greenland and on Antarctic, the continent of Antarctica, when that ice melts, that does, in fact, add water to the sea. And those are in the long term, likely to drive the sea level rise and could drive the sea level rise by a great deal in the coming decades and centuries.","So is anomalous - I mean, is this - as you said, it's definitely part of a trend. There's no way to argue with it anymore, about the warming and that it's having real effects. How is it going faster than people feared?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Melting ice on Greenland and Antarctica adds water to the sea level.","questions":"Which locations are mentioned in the statement that contribute to the rise in sea level?","answer":"Antartica."}
{"text":[". . . You are from this area - born in D. C. , raised in Maryland and Virginia - the DMV, as we like to say. So what's it like to be back home now that you're blowing up like this?Can you go to, like, the CVS if you want to without being recognized?","Yeah. I definitely can go to the CVS. You know, sometimes people recognize me, sometimes they don't. But it's a beautiful feeling, and I just can't wait to move back eventually.","How did you start singing or how did you realize you could sing?","I don't know. I just was always singing. I didn't know if it was good or not, but my grandma, she told me that I sounded like an angel. And that maybe - perhaps that kept me going. I mean, I always wanted a solo at the church, and they didn't ever give it to me. But eventually they did, and I froze. But then I killed it. And I just feel like that kind of just followed me all throughout my life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the phrase \"sounded like an angel\" does not literally mean that the speaker's voice sounded like a divine being, but rather that their grandmother thought they had a beautiful singing voice","questions":"Which phrase did the grandmother use to describe the PersonA's singing voice?","answer":"Beautiful"}
{"text":["Well, not really. I think the crowd that came here early in the day were peaceful. But this march was illegal from the beginning. The police never gave their authorization. So they had essentially warned everyone that anyone coming would be sort of in violation of the law. And so from early on, things were kind of chaotic. I think protesters have sort of dug in for what they had assumed would be a pretty violent night.","I've been seeing people basically pulling up bricks from the sidewalk and putting them in carts. I've seen people arm themselves with various iron rods and also umbrellas and create sort of shields out of wood that they found everywhere. I think what you're starting to see - you know, digging in on both sides here, between the police and also the protesters.","Are the protesters a cross section of Hong Kong, or are they one demographic, if you please?","Well, I think, today, I've actually seen quite a mixed crowd, which was sort of unexpected because, obviously, this march is - this protest was illegal. So we didn't really expect sort of to see kids or elderly people. But I have seen them."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The protest turned violent, despite initially being peaceful.","questions":"How did the protest start?","answer":"Peaceful"}
{"text":["Given that judges do have discretion in a lot of cases about, for example, whether or not someone can get a misdemeanor as opposed to a felony, do you think this really is effecting who's in prison right now?","Well, first, you have to realize, the first person who deals with whether there's a felony or a misdemeanor is the prosecutor. And it's prosecutorial discretion as to what they get charged with. A judge has no control over that. Now, they can work out a deal, or, in a preliminary hearing, reduce a charge or whatever. But the prosecutorial discretion is what most people don't see that tends to be skewed a great deal. So, by the time it gets to a judge, a big chasm may have already arisen about the level of charge that's been leveled on a particular individual.","Judge Toler, who's going to fix this?","We all have to fix it. And we have to fix it by being conscious of what's going on before it goes on. When I went to classes after I was elected a judge, I said, if you remember nothing else I tell you today, when you're 18, you vote. And you register to vote because it does make a difference, six votes in my race. We have to be conscious of the judges, one, and number two, I think we have to change judicial education."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Prosecutors have more power than judges in determining charges","questions":"How does prosecutorial discretion affect charges?","answer":"Skew"}
{"text":["The war in Afghanistan - nearly 18 years, more than 2,400 American lives - not to mention the Afghans and NATO forces who have died in that war - and $132 billion in U. S.  aid for reconstruction. Where has all that money gone?John Sopko has been the special inspector general for Afghanistan reconstruction since 2012. He delivered his latest report yesterday, ahead of a potential peace agreement in Afghanistan with the Taliban. And I asked Sopko, what has all that money bought?","That money has succeeded in helping in building schools and roads, helping on rule of law, providing the salaries to many police and military and school teachers. But unfortunately, a lot has been wasted.","Let's talk about what those reconstruction projects mean in the context of a potential peace deal with the Taliban because that is what is in the offing right now. Do you think a peace with the Taliban - bringing them in from the cold - is that a good thing or a bad thing for all of those investments?","Well, we support the peace process. A fair and sustainable peace is what's needed. The Afghans want that. We want that - the coalition. I think the neighbors want it. But are there some risks from that peace?And there are. And that's what our report talks about. It raises some of the risks from that. And again, this doesn't mean don't pursue peace. Again, we are strong supporters of a fair and sustainable peace. And those are the two key words. It's got to be sustainable."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Bringing one in from the cold doesn't refer to temperature or housing in this statement, the implied meaning is that they're being welcomed again. To diplomatic meetings in this case.","questions":"How does the statement explain the meaning of \"bringing one in from the cold\"?","answer":"Welcomed"}
{"text":["My grandparents were raised during the Great Depression and spent the rest of their lives hoarding rubber bands, bacon grease, and batteries. It used to fill me with embarrassment that they would actually rinse out Zip-Loc bags and reuse them. Poor people, I thought. Don't they know there's always more?I was raised in the disposable generation of styrofoam boxes and plastic water bottles. If something ran out, you simply got a new one.","But this year, we are re-evaluating not just how we spend our money, but also the lessons we pass on to a new generation. The other day, I made Emmeline a skirt out of a men's sport coat once sold exclusively at the Watergate Hotel. You can't buy that kind of fashion statement at Target.","On our most recent trip, Emmeline's glowery mood changed when she happened upon a shirt decorated with farm animals and said, ooh, now doesn't this look nice?I examined it and agreed, asking, what do you want to do with it?Emmeline twirled her toe on the speckled Formica floor and thought it over for a moment. A smile widened on her face, oh, I think that will make just the prettiest dress. Her latest outfit cost a dollar 50.","Mike Adamick is a stay-at-home dad living in San Francisco."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"I was raised in the disposable generation of styrofoam boxes and plastic water bottles. If something ran out, you simply got a new one.\"  This turn has a figurative meaning. The speaker is not literally saying that they were raised in a generation of styrofoam boxes and plastic water bottles, but rather that they grew up in a time when people were accustomed to using disposable items and not reusing things like their grandparents did.","questions":"What did the speaker consider the previous generation's behavior as?","answer":"Poor"}
{"text":["This was James Maynard at the University of Montreal.","Yeah, James Maynard, he got the current world record, which is 600. And that was very recently. That was November the 19th he announced it. It was all done on the Internet, and at one stage the record was tumbling at about every half-hour. So, mathematics, which usually takes place over months and years, for a period of a few months was going gangbusters fast. And this record was tumbling down. It seems to have settled at 600. It might creep down. I don't think the methods that we've got now will bring us down to 2. But 2 is within grasp. And because this ancient problem about 2 is within grasp, I would say 2 is absolutely the number of the year in mathematics. It's the number mathematicians have been talking about.","Keith, are there implications for this finding for those of us who think it's got nothing to do with us whatsoever should know nevertheless?","You can bet that whenever there's an advance to do with prime numbers, the intelligence community is absolutely on top of it. Because in our knowledge of the prime numbers lies pretty well all of the secret codes that we use for communications around the world. It's all to do with the difficulty of computing some of the things we know theoretically happen in mathematics."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 4) A: \"You can bet that whenever there's an advance to do with prime numbers, the intelligence community is absolutely on top of it. Because in our knowledge of the prime numbers lies pretty well all of the secret codes that we use for communications around the world. It's all to do with the difficulty of computing some of the things we know theoretically happen in mathematics.\"","questions":"How does the intelligence community use knowledge of prime numbers?","answer":"Encryption"}
{"text":["You know, this is a very opaque system in Iran. And it's tough to sometimes know to what extent an action was sanctioned from the very top. And in some ways, President Trump gave Iran an out by saying that this was just a big mistake. This was a misunderstanding.","Could have been a junior officer somewhere or something like that.","Exactly.","Could it have been a junior officer somewhere?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker suggests that a junior officer may have been responsible for the action, not a higher-ranking official.","questions":"Which personnel?","answer":"Junior"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me, Michel.","So organizers say that there were about a million people protesting today. The police say it's more like a quarter of a million. Still, that is a lot of people in a city of 7 million people. You were out in the streets. What did you see?","The streets were completely packed. It was just jammed - a complete mosh pit. I was out there, and I had just never seen so many people out on the streets before. They were marching through the city's main east-west artery for about two and a half miles from the park to the government headquarters. The head of the crowd started streaming out of the park at around 2:30 in the afternoon. And five hours later, as I was circling back to the start of the march, people were still going strong, and the tail end of the crowd was nowhere to be seen. So that just shows you how many people were joining this march for hours on end.","The issue of extradition is certainly important, but it just isn't something we often see people demonstrating about. And why do you think this sparked such a massive response?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The police may be downplaying the number of protesters.","questions":"Which number did the police underestimate?","answer":"Protesters"}
{"text":["You can point to the same thing in income, in housing, across the board. And if we're not investing very specifically to deal with that, we can continue to expect to see these inequalities to persist.","You are also arguing for a constitutional amendment that would ban the death penalty.","That's right.","Why is this part of a plan to empower black America?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Advocating for the abolition of the death penalty can empower black America","questions":"How can advocating for the abolition of the death penalty impact black Americans?","answer":"Empower"}
{"text":["What do you mean it knocked the - 'cause I always think of the bottled water market as being quite new.","Well, it's ironic. There was a big bottled water market in the U. S.  late 19th, early 20th century. It was basically seen as healthier, better for you. And this newfangled chlorination essentially made water really safe to drink for the first time, in some respects, ever. And as a result, tap water became a newfangled thing, which is very ironic, considering the reputation today of bottled water versus tap water.","Yeah. Why did bottled water become popular again?","So, it was popular to a certain extent throughout the 1930s, 1940s, 1950s. Bottled water in the sort of single serve and liter size that we think of really was a niche market in restaurants until the late 1970s. And Perrier really for the very first time put a lot of money into their marketing budget and they got very lucky with their timing, 'cause it coincided with the fitness craze. I mean, think about it. Jane Fonda and aerobics. And what happens to really push it long is that Nestle ends up getting in the act with Perrier; Coke launches Dasani; Pepsi launches Aquafina. And now all of the sudden what you have is mass distribution channels. Today - get this - per second on average, 1,500 bottles of water are being opened nationwide."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : So, it was popular to a certain extent throughout the 1930s, 1940s, 1950s. Bottled water in the sort of single serve and liter size that we think of really was a niche market in restaurants until the late 1970s. And Perrier really for the very first time put a lot of money into their marketing budget and they got very lucky with their timing, 'cause it coincided with the fitness craze. I mean, think about it. Jane Fonda and aerobics. And what happens to really push it along is that Nestle ends up getting in the act with Perrier; Coke launches Dasani; Pepsi launches Aquafina. And now all of a sudden what you have is mass distribution channels. Today - get this - per second on average, 1,500 bottles of water are being opened nationwide.","questions":"Which brand helped to popularize bottled water in the 1970s?","answer":"Perrier"}
{"text":["Which he said, actually, publicly.","Well, yeah. But then to go one step further and say we recognize Russia's sovereignty over Crimea - now, that will be an astonishing step. I think the more sinister and conspiratorial version is that Trump basically says to Putin that he no longer believes in NATO, that America has got no intention of honoring its Article 5 commitment to intervene if a NATO ally is attacked and effectively says, look. Vladimir, Europe is U. S. -free of influence. If you want to do some kind of adventure in the Baltics or revisit Ukraine or do something else, we are not going to intervene.","Is there a concern within Europe at this point about the relationship between President Putin and President Trump?","I think concern doesn't really capture it. I think it's worse than that. I think it's dismay because you have to bear in mind that what happened in the United States in 2016 has also happened on the European continent and continues to happen. And it's working. I mean, that's not to say that it's just Russia that is creating these forces. But what Putin is doing very cynically and very cleverly is to instrumentalize fault lines in European society over Brexit, over the economy, over austerity and to encourage populism. So we now have a far-right government in Italy, in Hungary, in Poland. And, essentially, Russia likes all this very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Fault lines are ways that people will get shaken up over events that are being caused by Putin.","questions":"Which term describes the ways in which people are affected by Putin's actions?","answer":"Instrumentalize"}
{"text":["I was struck by a phrase in Chris Arnold's piece about the dollar being the bedrock currency for much of the world. Is that jeopardized?","Very much so. Treasury debt is the only risk-free asset in the world. It undergirds the world's financial system, it's in everybody money market's funds. You know, China, among many other countries, buys Treasury bills like crazy - over a trillion dollars. So, if you'd have to start factoring in risk, even if it's political risk, into our debt, you know, two things happen. The rest of the world becomes less enchanted with buying it, and our interest payments - what the government has to pay to issue that debt will rise substantially.","Can I get you to play out your scenario about what happens if October 17 comes and there's no agreement?","I don't think that much will happen on October 17th. I think there's a little wiggle room. What happens on October 17th is the government loses its borrowing authority and it can only pay out the cash it has on hand. However, if we got to the end of the month and the United States missed a bond payment, I believe that you would have an event that is three, four, five, six times worse than the Lehman Brothers of five years ago. Because the banks rely on treasuries to trade with each other overnight. That's how they fund themselves. And if you take away trust in the financial system or U. S.  debt, it will be cataclysmic. The banks will freeze up. There will be no borrowing. It'll be like Lehman. The stock market will go down. It has the potential to be a true out-and-out disaster."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Risk-free asset\" does not mean that there is no risk involved. Instead, it means that the asset is perceived as having a lower level of risk compared to other assets.","questions":"Which asset is perceived as having a lower level of risk compared to other assets?","answer":"Asset"}
{"text":["They do but it's almost imperceptible. They're - they have pretty soft body for ants and unless they get you in a very sensitive part, you can't even feel it. But in fire ants - fire ants have a stinger so they sting. So that's what the painful part of a fire ant sting is.","What's the future of these guys?Do you think that they're going to populate the whole South?I mean is there any limit to their migration?","Well, there are several limits, and we don't know what a lot of them are yet. One very important limit in the short term is that they do - they don't have winged dispersal. So they don't send out ants - winged ants to form new colonies, which means their spread is quite slow over land, about 200 meters a year radially.","So the only way that they can colonize distant places is when people pick them up and move them, which unfortunately people do a lot. And they do it because these ants like to live in these pre-existing cavities, like flower pots or plywoods you left on the ground too long or old boxes. So that's one limitation to their spread. Others are that - are abiotic(ph) limitations like freeze tolerance and drought tolerance. And we don't know yet what those are for this species."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Fire ants are not ants of fire but they have a sting that feels like fire on the person.","questions":"Which kind of ants have a sting that feels like fire?","answer":"Fire"}
{"text":["And why did it bother you that so many church leaders didn't mention the obvious, that the Pulse was a gay nightclub?","Well, it seemed a real failure to try to understand that community. One of my theology professors said that in the Gospels, for Jesus, sin is often a failure to bother to love. And it seemed to me a failure to bother to love this particular community in their real moment of grief.","You quote with approval the words of an Australian bishop who says quote, \"we cannot talk about the integrity of creation, the universal and inclusive love of God, while at the same time colluding with the forces of oppression and the ill-treatment of racial minorities, women and homosexual persons. \"","Why is that statement even remotely controversial to some?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: Some people find it controversial to accept that God loves everyone equally.","questions":"How do some people view God's love?","answer":"Equally"}
{"text":["Well, it's very difficult to verify independently because some of the information he claims to be from within the inner circle of those around President Mugabe, but certainly it creates a lot of interest and in some cases, some of his predictions have come to pass in ways that really points to credibility on the part of this character.","For example, he had warned that individuals within the ruling party were plotting to kill a former minister of parliament, Edward Chindori-Chininga, and indeed within a week this official died in a suspicious car accident.","Now, I mean, saying that almost any politician of any prominence other than President Mugabe is vulnerable to being killed mysteriously, wouldn't that be a truism in Zimbabwe?","Yes, it is, but particularly if you look at the tensions in the countries we approach elections that will be held on July 31. So, yes, that is true."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The information this mysterious character provides is likely to be accurate and can be trusted.","questions":"Which character's credibility is being pointed out by A?","answer":"Mysterious"}
{"text":["All over. I was just meeting with a friend. I had served at the U. S.  Embassy in Mexico. She's here with a group of students and professors. I have just met recently a TV crew from Romania. Another one has come in from Serbia. And, of course, of special note, a number of journalists have come in from Kenya, where there's a very very big interest, obviously, for the roots of the candidate Senator Obama.","Well, tell us, what's drawing the other journalists?What is it that they're so fascinated by?","I think it goes back probably to the caucuses in Iowa in January, and it's just grown. Clearly, as the enthusiasm in the United States has grown, I think a lot of them are focusing on the young people so involved, but in general, the U. S.  public so involved in these elections and in these campaigns. And I think, in part, it is, the U. S.  does remain a certain kind of example in terms of democracy.","Well, I mean, is it fair to say that, were Barack Obama not in this race, there wouldn't be as much interest?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The interest in the U.S. elections is primarily due to Barack Obama's participation.","questions":"How is the interest in the U.S. elections primarily explained?","answer":"Obama"}
{"text":["It's called a poor choice. On one innocent New Year's Eve in the early 1980s, I went to a party with all my friends. And justification, rationalization - everybody's doing it. I'm the only kid who's - just has a couple beers and is not doing coke. So you know what?I try it. And you know what happened?I'm not like everybody else. I liked it too damn much. And what it did was take away the split-second timing of being able to hit a major league fastball and to do the geometry that you need to do to run down ground balls and throw accurately. It just took a split second off me. And I had a 10-year career. But I would have been, in my opinion, an all-star-type player a couple years. And the morals - incredibly, the morals and values that my dad instilled in me made me a good cocaine user, so to speak.","I don't understand that at all. The morals your father instilled in you made you a good cocaine user.","Here's how. Here's how. I was never late for a game, never would think about playing a game on coke. I was raised too well to do that. I convinced myself that I was OK.","Painful as it is but also, I think, instructive to those of us who loved your father - could you tell us about the time when he called you up and said, get over here?And it was - your father and your brothers wanted to talk to you about all this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : playing a game on coke, not using the coke as a surface, but being high on drugs","questions":"What did the speaker convince himself he was when he was using cocaine?","answer":"awesome"}
{"text":["It was absolute - you're absolutely correct. Our time is out, but I'm going to ask you about this before I let you go. Talking about perfect performances, two people strolled in to New York's Madison Square Garden and lit up the Knicks back to back, Kobe Bryant 61 on one night and LeBron James, I think, it was 52 the next night and a triple double.","All I can say is thank god for the Knicks.","And, you know what?And the Knicks are even actually better than they were before and then they still let people come in there and just spank them like crazy.","That's what we do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Two people came in and played a better game than the Knicks.","questions":"What happened at Madison Square Garden?","answer":"Performance"}
{"text":["Hi, how are you doing?","How do you do that?","Well, you know, it turns out there are lots of little corners in all the information we see. I mean, we're used to the idea that somehow everything we type in the computer is very exact. You don't type in the right password, the computer gets upset. If you don't type in the right URL, it gets upset.","But it turns out that there's lots of little wiggle room that we don't even realize is there, and that's what steganography uses. We kind of go in, and we exploit things. You can make a color just a little bit more blue, or you can make it a little bit more red. And then if you do that enough times, you can send a signal, and then the computer can piece it all together into a complex message."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : they are trying to imply that when typing wrong password the computer won't work","questions":"What is steganography?","answer":"Method"}
{"text":["Welcome to WEEKEND EDITION.","Thank you so much, Lulu, for having me.","This book is about a moon ceremony. So explain what that is and where it comes from.","Well, moon ceremonies are traditional gatherings that happen for women across the Americans. They date back to precolonial times. And they're ceremonies where women gather around the full moon or the new moon. And in this case, a moon ceremony for a young girl coming of age happens right after her first period, her first menstruation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Gather around the moon, meaning the women gather around each other and gaze upon the full moon in the sky.","questions":"How do women traditionally gather during a moon ceremony?","answer":"Gather"}
{"text":["I think, given what we know about the internal divisions within Iran on some of these issues and the - their negotiating behavior in the past where they've made outrageous public statements and then in negotiations walk right - walked them right back, I wouldn't put too much credence in those statements at this point.","How much confidence do you have that the sanctions and the negotiations are going to be fruitful?","I think that this is going to create the best opportunity we've had in many, many years to test the seriousness of the Iranians and whether they're willing, you know, really, they're - they have a choice between either saving their economy and being part of - a viable part of the region or pursuing a nuclear weapons program that will make them a pariah, even more of a pariah than they are today. That's a pretty fundamental strategic choice. And I think we'll know in the coming weeks and months what choice they make.","Why won't deterrence and containment work with Iran?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"a viable part of the region\" means being accepted and respected by other countries in the region, rather than being physically viable.","questions":"What does \"a viable part of the region\" refer to?","answer":"Accepted"}
{"text":["Yeah.","The Land O' Lakes butter box - there's a Native American on that. And an informal poll of people taken around here suggests a lot of people don't even see her.","Well, she's in your refrigerator. And God knows what she's doing at night. I never look closely at it myself. I do buy that brand. And when you look at it closely, what you see is she's kneeling. And she's holding the box that she's in. And so it recedes into infinity. In other words, you know, in that box, you see her again and again and again. So it's this amazing combination of American identity, a generic Indian with really brilliant graphic design that, you know, you don't really notice. But I really do think she's up to something at night in the refrigerator.","(Laughter) I'll check. Is it offensive?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A: \"And God knows what she's doing at night.\" - This is a figurative expression that means the speaker imagines or wonders what the Native American figure on the Land O' Lakes butter box is doing when no one is looking, rather than actually believing that she is doing something.","questions":"What does the figurative expression \"And God knows what she's doing at night\" mean?","answer":"Imagining"}
{"text":["Yeah, indeed. Tell us about the damage from the storm. And were people prepared?","You know, people had evacuated low-lying coastal areas that are prone to flooding and that were in danger of a storm surge that would come from a hurricane like this. So people were prepared. But it looks like the main issue is going to be flooding. Here in downtown Mobile, some streets are underwater. South of here in some neighborhoods, there were some high-water rescues overnight - people who lived along waterways stranded in their homes where there are floodwaters.","And as you mentioned earlier, like, something - like, more, than 100,000 people out of power. And this is over a wide area - Mississippi, Alabama and then the Florida Panhandle, as well. So now it's time to sort of see what the damage is and what's next. And this storm is still moving. So there are going to be impacts felt for the rest of the day.","Just briefly - we have about 30 seconds left - are there enough resources to cope with all these disasters?It's been such an intense hurricane season."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People were evacuated to avoid the storm surge","questions":"What was the main issue in downtown Mobile?","answer":"Flooding"}
{"text":["Now, the big moment has come for Andy Murray and, of course, the hopes of all Britain are riding on him. He plays Novak Djokovic. What do you think's going to happen?","Well, I picked Novak Djokovic to win but these two, there's really very little to separate them. The pressure on Andy Murray, the pressure on this entire country to finally break the curse of not having a men's major champion at Wimbledon - the last champion to win here was Fred Perry in 1936. The women a little bit better; Virginia Wade in 1977. But the hopes and dreams of this country - it's so personal here - is to finally have a champion. And Andy Murray lost last year to Roger Federer. This year he's got a chance, but he's going up against the best player in the world. It's not going to be easy. He's going to have the entire crowd supporting him but at the same time, he's got a huge task in going up against Novak Djokovic, who's played in eight of the last - I'm sorry, now nine of the last 12 major championships. He's the best player going. Andy Murray has a huge, huge task in front of him.","Thanks very much, Howard.","No, my pleasure. I could watch tennis all day. It's the best.","Howard Bryant of ESPN. com and ESPN the Magazine, on the line from Wimbledon."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be indirectly suggesting a course of action or solution to a problem without explicitly stating it.","questions":"How is the speaker offering a suggestion in turn 4?","answer":"Suggestion"}
{"text":["Well, I would say that he is a guy that tends to see silver linings in dark clouds. And, you know, this is a man that, in private business, had 10,000 lawsuits over his career, so I think he has a unique ability to sort of quarantine in his mind the impact some of these things have.","And what's the risk in that?","Well, I think the implications, again, is that it's not just about Zelenskiy. It's not about the Ukraine. It's not about Rudy. It's - the can has been opened. Now we have to see if there's good soup inside or worms, right?They're going to be looking for stuff - the House Democrats - that are not going to be very glowing and positive about the president. So if we think these revelations are not good - and now they might get an expedited subpoena power with the impeachment process under way. It's not good.","Does the seriousness of this cast a shadow on the White House?Are they concerned about what, for instance, is going to be coming out today?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He is a guy that sees positive outcomes in times of trouble. He has the ability to not think about the impact some lawsuits have.","questions":"How would you describe the person mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["What's this program, Becoming a Man, meant to you and other students and your friends?","It means a lot. It gives you insight of how to be a man and take care of your business and have integrity, visionary goal-setting and respect for one another. It helps you be more aware of who you are and what you could do with your life.","Tell us a bit about your life, could you, and your family.","I'm the youngest of six, which is hard to be sometimes, because you get bossed around by everybody in the house. Come from a single-parent home - my mom. Dad was never around. I have sickle cell anemia, so I persevered over that. We had good times and bad times, you know, just like any other family. But we're very close."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It gives you insight of how to be a man and take care of your business and have integrity, visionary goal-setting and respect for one another.","questions":"Which program teaches about integrity and visionary goal-setting?","answer":"Integrity"}
{"text":["And so if we organize the production and the processing and distribution of organic foods on a large scale, there's efficiencies to be had. This is actually kind of an experiment, a test. You know, how much of the extra costs that you pay when you buy organic food - how much of that is just the fragmented nature of the business?How much of it is the small-scale aspect?And how much of it is inherent in organic production?","Well, there's no question that Walmart is kind of the king of logistics. But if you talk to some of their suppliers, they'll also complain that Walmart is the king of squeezing them and making them produce the product ever more cheaply at their own expense.","Right. So you could say this is a threat to some organic producers who are used to higher margins. On the other hand, I mean, the organic production is expanding, and if Walmart wants large quantities, they may have to outbid other producers. There is a limit right now on the amount of organic food for sale. They say they want to expand that, and there's no reason why they couldn't. There's lots of land out there. Right now, organic is actually a very small part of American food production, people say 5 percent or less. So there's no reason why Walmart couldn't expand organic production if they offered a good price. The question is can they do it cheaply?","Part of this has to do with trust. Are people going to stop going to Whole Foods and go over to Walmart 'cause they can get the eggs $2 cheaper?I'm a little skeptical."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone or body language suggests that they may be withholding information or not fully expressing their thoughts and feelings on the topic at hand.","questions":"Which PersonA's tone or body language is suggestive of withholding information or not fully expressing their thoughts and feelings?","answer":"Tone"}
{"text":["So right now, there are multiple congressional committees investigating this issue. We've got them on the House side. We've got a couple on the Senate side. I guess I want to know why is there a need for multiple investigations, and how do these congressional investigations differ at their core from what Special Counsel Robert Mueller is conducting?","Well, Senate Intelligence looks at intelligence matters primarily. Senate Judiciary looks at matters that fall under the broad scope of the Judiciary Committee. All these congressional investigations differ very much in function from what the Special Counsel Mueller does. Mueller works in secret and long, long deep studies of things like finances. And he doesn't bring his results public. If he finds something that's really important, he won't let you know until it's time to indict somebody. Whereas, the congressional committees when classification allows them to be in the open, they live for open hearings. They want people to know what they found.","And what about compelling witnesses to testify?The subpoena, is that a last resort thing or is it just a negotiating device?","Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning. The literal meaning of this turn is explaining the different types of subpoenas used in investigations and how they are effective in obtaining witness testimony and documents.","questions":"What is the basic working tool of these investigations?","answer":"Subpoena"}
{"text":["Was the jet stream actually screening out the cold air?Do I have that right?","Pretty much. The jet stream is typically the dividing line between the warm tropical air to the south and the cold, Arctic air to the north. And for the most part, it had retreated to close to the Canadian border for large parts of the winter.","Hmm. What about the \"Farmers' Almanac\"?I have to admit that I like picking it up and looking at it, and I sort of - I'm hesitant to even ask. Is there any science backing it up?","Well, I think the \"Farmers' Almanac,\" they do look at some of the same things that NOAA look at, that AccuWeather looks at, as well as the Capital Weather Gang, when developing their outlooks. At the same time, they're using some more suspect features like sun spots and planetary alignments and things like that, which have never been proven to have any real predictive skill in terms of forecasting the weather in the long range."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The jet stream separates warm tropical air and cold Arctic air.","questions":"Which feature do the \"Farmers' Almanac\" use that have never been proven to have predictive skill in long-range weather forecasting?","answer":"NOAA"}
{"text":["Let's clear this up immediately: blonde, lithe, the initials V. P. So, is Vanessa Pierson Valerie Plame?","The great thing about fiction is that you can fix things and make things better. I think Vanessa is a smarter version of where I was. And it's definitely informed by my experiences in the CIA.","Well, that raises another question. So, did you take some top-secret operation and just thinly fictionalize it to this book and, you know, are. . .",". . . are there Russian agents reading this now and saying, oh, this is what we were looking for?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The great thing about fiction is that you can fix things and make things better.I think Vanessa is a smarter version of where I was.And it's definitely informed by my experiences in the CIA. The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is suggesting that their experiences in the CIA have informed their fiction writing, and that the character Vanessa is a version of the speaker that is smarter and more successful. ","questions":"How is Vanessa described in relation to the PersonA's experiences in the CIA?","answer":"informed"}
{"text":["Hi, David.","They are accusing the Vatican of some very serious things there, it sounds like. Tell me more about what prompted this.","Well, the Women Church World is the monthly supplement to the official Vatican daily L'Osservatore Romano. Lucetta Scaraffia created it seven years ago. In her final editorial, she said the new editor of the main Vatican daily who arrived in December had published articles in the main paper that were in contrast with the supplement's editorial line. And then she wrote an open letter to Pope Francis, saying, we are throwing in the towel because we feel surrounded by a climate of distrust and progressive delegitimization. She added, it seems there's a return to the antiquated and arid custom of choosing women considered trustworthy from on-high, under the direct control of men. But the new editor of the L'Osservatore Romano, Andrea Monda, denied the charges that he'd tried to interfere in the women's supplement.","What more should we know about the founder of this magazine who's speaking out here?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : none","questions":"Which Vatican daily had a monthly supplement called Women Church World?","answer":"L'Osservatore."}
{"text":["Man, that's a lot of stuff.","Yeah, a lot of stuff going on and it's all at our blog, nprnewsandviews. org.","Nprnewsandviews - all one word - dot org, right?","That's right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a lot of stuff means there is a massive amount","questions":"How would you describe the amount of stuff mentioned by B?","answer":"Massive"}
{"text":["But if a member of the Trump team before the election or after the election was talking to the Russians and saying, all right, we are - want to help you throw the election in our favor, is that illegal?I mean, that's what the implication is here essentially.","Actually, Russians telling Trump officials that they want to help in any way to throw the election would not necessarily be illegal. Now, what you look for then are whether the steps taken to fulfill that purpose are criminal. The crimes that get people in trouble in Washington are generally what happens after an event. You know, this is a city filled with A personality types. They tend to try to take control, and God knows, President Trump is the poster boy for that. That's where you get into trouble is when people make false statements to federal investigators or they obstruct an actual proceeding. But in terms of alleging collusion like it's a standalone crime, I am afraid that dog won't hunt.","That's Jonathan Turley. He's a law professor at George Washington University. Thanks so much.","It's my pleasure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"That's where you get into trouble is when people make false statements to federal investigators or they obstruct an actual proceeding.\"","questions":"How do people get into trouble in Washington?","answer":"False-statements"}
{"text":["This past week, we learned more about Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election. Special counsel Robert Mueller indicted 13 Russians and three companies for an extensive effort to influence the election and support the Trump campaign. Susie Wiles was senior strategist for the Trump campaign in Florida, one of the states that Mueller's investigation determined were targeted by the Russians. And she joins us now. Welcome to the program.","Hi. Good morning.","So the indictment alleges that the Russians pretended to be Americans and impersonated political activists. Looking back, can you remember anyone that fits that description or something that feels suspect to you now?","In hindsight, there are things that I think maybe should've been at least an Amber flag, if not a red flag. But at the time, the Trump campaign in Florida had 70,000-plus volunteers. They were active in person and on social media. And it came fast and furious. And I just don't think we were sensitive to the fact that this might be happening."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Russians pretended to be Americans and impersonated political activists, which is suspicious and may have been noticed by the Trump campaign, but they were not sensitive enough to it.","questions":"What is the reason Susie Wiles thinks the Trump campaign in Florida was not sensitive enough?","answer":"Fast"}
{"text":["It's nice to be here, Neal. How are you?","I'm good. Thanks. That first phone call - well, just sort of out of curiosity, I assume.","The first call that I made to Alan?Yeah, it was a funny feeling of both, obviously, curiosity and a strange sensation of being crowded in my own skin by another guy who had my same name.","And he turned out to be - well, debonair might be the word."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : is that Alan was very sophisticated and charming.","questions":"What word describes Alan's personality?","answer":"Intimidated"}
{"text":[". . . back in the - I think the big telescopes like Hubble and other ground-based telescopes will be used to observe the impact site if any debris appears. In fact, back in 2009, there was an impact of a much larger asteroid on Jupiter that caused a really - a debris cloud on Jupiter that was about as big as the Pacific Ocean.","Wow.","And the newly repaired Hubble was used to observe that impact, and a lot was learned about that impact from Hubble observation.","So folks are really tweaking it up now. I mean, and having a good weekend, you just need a nice clear sky, and you too might discover something."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is making a sarcastic remark about the difficulty of discovering something new with telescopes.","questions":"How is PersonB responding to PersonA's mention of the Hubble telescope being used to observe the impact on Jupiter?","answer":"Wow"}
{"text":["Yeah, a big one.","Arguably, a full-time job outside the White House. So it's hard to see him fulfilling the in-house advisory role of the NSA. And critics are going to call Bolton's departure another high-profile example of how the Trump White House is basically a one-man show with occasional guest stars. But on substance, that quarreling you referred to, Bolton and the president clashed because Bolton wanted to aggressively confront U. S.  adversaries around the world. And the president seems more focused at this point on domestic politics and his reelection year.","Let's talk about the third Democratic debate, this one in Houston. Just 10 candidates this time. How do you think it compared to the previous shows?","From the consumer standpoint, there was improvement, Scott. You still had more contestants than are comfortable for a TV quiz show screen. But at least you knew these were the real contenders and not so many career builders and people bolstering their brands. The show was too long at three hours, but the format seemed relatively brisk. The candidates got to respond and engage. Also, the ABC moderators asked good questions and then stood back to let the candidates speak and interact, yet they never lost control of the proceedings and never actually intruded on them, either."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He would be fulfilling a government role and Trump makes it look like he does all of the work.","questions":"Which role was difficult for John Bolton to fulfill due to Trump's interference?","answer":"Advisory"}
{"text":["I heard you talking to Ron about how people react - or how President Bush was reacting today, and people here who watched the speech on the Jumbotron at the restaurant where I am actually laughed at Bush's reaction shots during President Obama's speech, particularly when President Obama said America is a friend of each nation and we are ready to lead.","But other than that, people here were rapt. They sat with tears in their eyes. Couples held onto each other. They cheered through the speeches. They cheered when the Carters and Clintons came out. They even cheered when Obama's daughters were taking pictures with the camera. People here were really excited.","Would you say that there was a generational difference noticeable at all between the people who were there who responded to what they saw on the Jumbotron?","Actually, no. Where I am, people brought their children, people brought their grandparents. It was a very racially-mixed crowd, and I actually spoke to one woman. She's 64. Her name's Renee Durant(ph). She was here in 1968 during the riots. She said she was so glad to be alive to see this. Her 96-year-old father, who was in an assisted-living facility in Virginia, was watching it as well, and they were so glad to be here. Across the table from her was a white couple who brought their toddler, who was wearing an Obama T-shirt. They were equally glad to be here. It was really quite something to watch. Very emotional.","So from their standpoint, it clearly is, truly is a new day and a new way of looking at things, correct?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The crowd was emotionally invested in the event, regardless of their race or age","questions":"What was the atmosphere of the crowd like?","answer":"excitement"}
{"text":["You know, like, you could sleep on concrete every day in your life, and if you try to sleep on a warm bed, you wouldn't be able to sleep because it's not cold.","Our story, Miracle on the Streets, came to us from independent producer Dmae Roberts and the NPR program Hearing Voices.","Coming up in the program, we switch gears a bit and get funny with \"Saturday Night Live's\" Andy Samberg. Samberg and two other very funny dudes are the band Lonely Island. They have a new album; it's called \"Incredibad. \"Maybe that means songs so bad that they're good. Our critic Andrew Wallenstein brings us a review. That's coming up later on in the program.","Day to Day returns in a moment."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : changing from one segment of the show to different segment of the show","questions":"How does the program transition between segments?","answer":"Switch"}
{"text":["So after the wasp sneaks under, it stings the tarantula. Then what does the wasp do?","Paralysis sets in almost instantaneously. In a second or two the tarantula is completely incapacitated, but still alive. And the tarantula hawk will then drag that tarantula to a burrow. So this could be the tarantula's own burrow. It could be a burrow that the tarantula hawk has dug itself. And it'll drag the tarantula down in there and place the tarantula upside down and it'll lay a single egg on the body of the tarantula. In a few days, that egg will hatch and the larvae will begin to feed on the living tarantula.","And the spider is still paralyzed.","That's right. So interestingly enough, if the egg doesn't hatch, the tarantula can actually recover and go on its way. But more often that larvae will hatch and eat its way into the living but still paralyzed tarantula, and it'll feed on that tarantula for several weeks. And at least some species will selectively feed on non-vital organs first to keep the tarantula alive longer."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The entire passage describing the tarantula hawk's attack on the tarantula and the subsequent feeding of the larvae on the paralyzed tarantula is figurative in its meaning, as it describes a complex biological process using metaphors and analogies.","questions":"How is the tarantula hawk's attack on the tarantula described?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Yeah. That was when I went over to Ukraine. When I signed the deal, my wife was pregnant. I knew the baby was coming middle or the end of October. You know, the team kind of told me that soon as the baby's born, I'll be able to scoot home right away, and it didn't work out that way. They kept me there for a few more weeks and then let me go home for five days.","Forgive me. You missing any teeth after 18 seasons?","I am not, no. I got hit in the face twice in practice. I always put my mask up in between drills. And one time, the trainer mistakenly threw the puck over the glass and hit me in the mouth. And then another guy flipped the puck from the corner when I was sitting there watching the coach explain a drill and hit me in the mouth.","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He would be able to go home happily when the baby was born.","questions":"Which event made PersonA miss his expected time to go home?","answer":"Extended"}
{"text":["Kids are natural scientists. They're natural born inquisitors. They like to find out about everything, and we just don't have a way of doing it. Maybe your math book can help do that. Have - do teachers use it at all and think about it?","We do have teachers using it. They say that they warm up the class with a math problem in the morning. We've heard all kinds of stories. There's a bus driver outside Chicago who actually puts the math problem up on a whiteboard on the bus every morning. And he has a bag of Oriental Trading prizes.","Right.","And the first kid on the bus to get it gets to pull something out of the bag. So it's really a movement that's spreading."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The teacher gets the class ready for school work by giving them a math problem to do.","questions":"Which subject is used to warm up the class in the morning?","answer":"Math"}
{"text":["Thank you.","What did you see when you drove through that deep water?What did you do?","It was just devastation everywhere. I mean, it looked like a lake. It looks like a lake in the middle of the neighborhood. You can't even fathom it.","Do you remember some of the people you were able to help?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The disaster was so immense and overwhelming that it was hard to comprehend.","questions":"Which word describes the extent of the disaster?","answer":"Immense"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","He's just taking everything and ratcheting it up.","This song in particular has become a kind of proving ground for generations of musicians.","What about the listener experience, though?Does it have the same emotive quality that \"Kind Of Blue\" has?","I feel like there's emotion in \"Giant Steps. \"But it is certainly - you know, if you want to talk about \"Kind Of Blue\" as sort of relaxing-into-your-armchair-with-a-cocktail vibe. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The listener experience of 'Giant Steps' is different from that of 'Kind of Blue'.","questions":"What is the difference between the PersonB experience of 'Giant Steps' and 'Kind of Blue'?","answer":"Different"}
{"text":["You have done so many different types of music. You have done the Monkeys, you know. What's coming up next for you?I don't know if you've already started work on another album or thought about it, but what direction do you think you're heading in next?","I have no idea. I really don't. I'm still very much inside of this project because you don't leave it just because you finish recording it. You have to begin to think about how to create the live performance of it. So that's a whole other dimension. And so you have to live with this music.","And I always say that the music always ends up so much broader than what you have on the recording because the recording represents the beginning. And once you go out on the road and you play it, and of course, each night, you're going to try to do something different with it, so it just grows and grows and grows until it's time for the next project.","Well, Cassandra Wilson, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is still focused on the current project and has not thought about the next album yet.","questions":"What is PersonB's current focus?","answer":"focused"}
{"text":["And for a minute, I was shocked, like something you see in the movies. It happens to other people. It doesn't happen to yourself. And then as I thought about it, then I put all the pieces of my childhood back together - all the sorrow, all the issues, all the neglect, all the - you know, John Graham just being who he was with me. He wasn't really fatherly. So it all made sense.","But that was just the first of many revelations and obstacles Graham would run into over the next 25 years in his quest to prove who his real biological father was. He talked to family members. He hired a detective. He dug through newspapers and public records. And it culminated this year in an exhumation and a DNA test. He got the results back this past week. Graham's biological father was Thomas Sullivan, a Catholic priest from Massachusetts.","It's been emotional. You know, I knew, you know, based on every - all the circumstantial evidence that it would be my father. But you still have that apprehension that something could go wrong at the last minute with the results.","And when you say emotional, I'm assuming just the knowing that this is actually the person who was your dad."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The pieces mean memories of the person's childhood that they were able to make sense of.","questions":"How did the person make sense of their childhood memories?","answer":"Sorrow"}
{"text":["They also break up the states into more subregions than the current exit polls do. They think that this is going to help them be more accurate. And Fox and AP are pretty confident that their results are better than the traditional exit polls in some ways. They actually did shadow polls with the new system in three big specials this year - special elections in the 6th Congressional District in Georgia, the New Jersey governor's race and the Alabama Senate race. And guess what - they got the winner right in all three.","That sounds promising. But are there pitfalls to this way of doing things?I mean, are people asking questions about whether or not they are going to be able to keep their winning streak?","Yes (laughter). And there's a big degree of risk when you're not actually speaking to voters. They're not actually speaking to people who have gone and voted. There's always a number of people who say they're going to vote who don't. And this is an experiment. AP and Fox - even though they're putting this - they're operationalizing this, they acknowledge that there are some demographic shortcomings. They found this in their tests in their poll. They underestimated in Alabama, for example, the number of black voters who would show up. But like scientists, they acknowledge those shortcomings. And they're going to be tinkering with their models along the way. So we may have something good eventually, but it's a whole new Wild West era here.","What has been the reaction to this from the pollsters at this conference that you're at?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The new system was tried against the old and was found to be correct.","questions":"What was the result of the three big specials in which the new system was used?","answer":"Correct"}
{"text":["Let's remind ourselves - Consumer Financial Protection Bureau created in 2010, a independent consumer watchdog. How did it find itself at the center of this drama?","Yes. So it was created as part of the Dodd-Frank Act and came in the wake of the financial crisis. And it has been controversial ever since its creation. It was the idea of Elizabeth Warren, now a senator, and it has been a fight every single step of the way. The financial services industry fought it, Republicans in Congress fought it and tried to block it, including for two years not confirming its first director. And their argument is that this agency can overreach and that it's unaccountable. Supporters say that that is very necessary independence. And so that's how it got. . .","Yeah, the point is to be unaccountable, yes.","Exactly. And so this is how you get this agency in the middle of this fight with its current director leaving and trying to set something up to protect it on his way out the door."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of \"Yeah, the point is to be unaccountable, yes\" is that the financial services industry and Republicans in Congress have been trying to block the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau because it has the independence to act without being accountable to those groups.","questions":"What is the reason for the financial services industry and Republicans in Congress trying to block the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau?","answer":"Independence"}
{"text":["And is this going to encourage changes at other state universities?Is this going to encourage more lawsuits?","I think it's hard to gauge. If you were one of the conservatives who wanted to challenge affirmative action, I would think this is a little depressing. You spent years trying to get a case at the Supreme Court, and you don't - you know, it's not much of an incentive to do it again.","I think it may encourage a few big states, as I mentioned, to try to move away a little bit from weighing race and trying to find a way, like this top 10 law, rewarding top graduates, find a way to bring in more minority students but without giving an explicit preference in the admissions policy.","Now some will remember there was another case I think from the University of Michigan that was also broadly about affirmative action. Does the Texas case supplant that, or are we awaiting a decision on the Michigan case, as well?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Race may not be used by some big states in college admissions.","questions":"Which factor might some states consider instead of race in college admissions?","answer":"grades"}
{"text":["And I want to just warn listeners before we get going there may be some brief descriptions of violence as we chat this out over the next couple minutes. Start with, why now?As we said, the federal government has not carried out an execution for some years now.","Actually, a senior Justice Department official tells me the previous attorney general, Jeff Sessions, launched this effort, put it into motion. But it's actually happening on the watch of his successor, Bill Barr. Barr says the federal government owes it to victims and their families. He points out, even though there haven't been many executions in the federal system, that Justice Departments representing presidents from both political parties have continued to seek capital punishment in court.","Barr says the people on federal death row are the worst of the worst. And he's directed the Federal Bureau of Prisons to schedule five inmates for executions, all starting - if it goes to plan - December 9.","And who are these five?What do we know about them?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to carry something out means to do something","questions":"What does Barr say about the people on federal death row?","answer":"Worst"}
{"text":["Yes.","That's a lot.","It's a small fraction of what could have been if there hadn't been steps taken to move animals from flood-prone areas before the storm. Certainly, it's tragic, but agriculture is a leaky system. It's prone to all sorts of weather-related perils and that's just unfortunately the way it is.","Mark Rice, who's director of the Animal and Poultry Waste Management Center at North Carolina State, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn that has a figurative meaning is (3) \"agriculture is a leaky system\". This is a metaphorical way of saying that the agricultural industry is vulnerable to various external factors, such as weather-related disasters, which can cause significant damage.  The other turns do not have any apparent figurative meaning and can be interpreted literally.","questions":"Which industry is compared to a leaky system in the dialogue?","answer":"agriculture"}
{"text":["Well, we've seen - it's become more difficult under the Trump administration for members of the military to get citizenship. It's been more difficult for them to get paperwork filed for their family members. It's more difficult for them to prevent the deportation of their family members.","Well, how are they making it more difficult?What examples do you have?","During the Obama administration, Janet Napolitano had created a program called basic training naturalization. It allowed the troops to get their citizenship really quickly. And the Trump administration has eliminated that program. They've also made it harder for the troops to file applications for citizenship. And it's taking much longer for them to make a decision on those applications. Recently they also announced they were going to close some of the international USCIS offices that process people for citizenship overseas, which will make it even more difficult for military members.","Now, I understand that you were one of the people who started a program to recruit people who aren't U. S.  citizens into the U. S.  military. That program was known as MAVNI - Military Accessions Vital to the National Interest. The program has effectively been suspended - right?- but it already started slowing down during the Obama administration. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Military members are facing challenges getting citizenship under Trump administration","questions":"How did the Trump administration affect citizenship for military members?","answer":"citizenship"}
{"text":["Several of them. I mean, Espanola had only 14 individuals left in the 1960s, and then it was 12 females and two males. A third male was found in the San Diego Zoo and brought back to Galapagos (unintelligible) 1975. And there have now been about 2,000 young tortoises released back to that island through the reproduction program at the tortoise center here on Santa Cruz.","The same holds true for several of the other populations. I would say many of the populations are out of danger. But we're still, given the exploitation from the 1800s, the total tortoise population of Galapagos is still about 10 to 20 percent of the original population. So we have a long way to go to bring them back to the original populations.","A couple of questions tweeted and asked by listeners of the same ilk, saying: Would it be possible to clone him?","OK, this is an interesting thing, and we are trying to save some of Lonesome George's tissues, cells. Cloning in reptiles has really not been developed at all, and we're doing - a few mammals seem to be doing OK, but in general the technology, the methodology to actually clone reptiles is decades away.","So hopefully they will be able to maintain cells as in cryogenics, and who knows in the future, but at the moment, it would be impossible."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"maintain cells as in cryogenics\" - This implies the possibility of preserving cells through cryogenic freezing for future use, rather than just storing them for research purposes.","questions":"Which technique is mentioned in the statement for preserving cells?","answer":"Cryogenics"}
{"text":["Now, recent satellite pictures show that they are putting these things back together - the buildings, the rail system, the launch pad. It's not exactly clear when they started. It could have started in mid-February, before the summit. Work could have been going on as recently as over the weekend, after the summit finished.","OK. So the timing of this is a little tricky about whether this is North Korea responding to those summit talks falling apart.","That's right. A couple things to remember. First of all, you know, they can launch missiles from mobile launchers. So this site is not that big a deal. Another thing is that when North Korea made these gestures and said, now, why don't you reciprocate?People were just dismissing these as insignificant concessions. They were saying, you know, North Korea's just trying to hand us their junk. These sites are outdated. They're not worth much. Well, by that token, then people should not be too alarmed about them being reassembled.","OK. So I mean, but we've always talked about that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are, you know, something to be reckoned with. So explain exactly why we're not supposed to be so concerned about this one move."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In this turn, the speaker suggests that people should not be too alarmed about North Korea reassembling certain sites related to their nuclear program. The literal meaning of the words suggests that people should not be worried about these sites because they are outdated and not worth much. However, the implied meaning is that people should not be too concerned about North Korea's actions because the sites are not critical to their nuclear capabilities, and because North Korea may have already been working on them before the summit talks fell apart.","questions":"What is the reason for people not being too concerned about North Korea reassembling certain sites related to their nuclear program?","answer":"Not-critical"}
{"text":["It's naive to make believe that you're right. It ain't right.","Only fools go walking on thin ice twice. You and life can skip the strife and you'll both get along. All it takes is simply saying you're wrong.","Is that Kevin Spacey, or Bobby Darin?","You're listening to NPR News."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The speaker is suggesting that it is wise to admit one's mistakes and avoid repeating them, rather than foolishly persisting in one's errors.","questions":"Which turn suggests the importance of acknowledging one's mistakes?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["I actually haven't done the calculation, but if you can separate the light of the planet from the star, then you can do spectroscopy on it. And so you can look for the biomarkers of CO2 and methane and water and those kinds of gases, and that will tell you whether there's processes going on that generate oxygen and such, which tells a lot about whether there's biology going on on the planet.","This has been described as an unexpected discovery. Why was it so surprising?","Well it was because we weren't particularly looking for planets. Based on the work we did on 40307, we realized that the activity of the star is masking a lot of the potential planet signals. So that sort of clued the lead author, Mikko, into developing a technique that can more carefully and more accurately model the activity due to spots and flares on the surface of the star.","And it - so what we decided to do then, since we didn't know anything about star activity, was to pick a star that had lots of observations, thousands of observations from multiple groups, but didn't have any known planets around it, figuring we would just be studying only the activity. And when we learned how to model that activity and removed it from the analysis, out popped five planets very unexpectedly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Spectroscopy on a planet can reveal if there's biology on it","questions":"What kind of gases can be looked for in spectroscopy to determine whether there's biology going on on the planet?","answer":"CO2"}
{"text":["Thank you very much for having me.","And let me begin with the set up for a very old joke: How hot is it?","It's so hot, it's not a joke. That's how hot it is. It's - people always - people come out to me, though, and they ask me - since I've been here, they go, well, you must be used to this, right?I mean, you're from Africa. So, I mean, this must be - no, no. No, this is not weather. This is - I'm used to weather. This is an oven, and I'm not enjoying it. It's very hot. So barely surviving, but I'm glad to be here.","You are wearing a t-shirt that has the words nah mean(ph)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People assume that because the speaker is from Africa, they should be used to hot weather but they are not enjoying it.","questions":"Which assumption is being made about the PersonA's ability to handle hot weather?","answer":"Used"}
{"text":["No. I think. . .","Misunderstood, misunderstood.","Misunderstood - that's what I'm here to do is trying to salvage the reputation of some of these Halloween monsters. So yes, Frankenstein I think gets a really raw deal in the reputation department. We all think of Frankenstein's monster as this monosyllabic idiot from the movies. But actually, in Mary Shelley's original novel from 1818, Frankenstein's monster was more of a sensitive intellectual type. He read Plutarch and Goethe. He was more Brooklyn hipster and less unfrozen caveman.","(Laughter) I hear - I sense a sequel coming on."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (Laughter) I hear - I sense a sequel coming on. (Implied meaning: It sounds like you have a great idea and it could be expanded on)","questions":"How did PersonB react to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Laughter"}
{"text":["So Beijing has basically made an offer to the people of Hong Kong that if they're willing to give up on dreams of greater democracy, they can be part of China's amazing economic rise, and they have offered them more integration with the kind of boom cities on the other side of the border in the mainland. The problem is that again and again and very dramatically over this extradition bill, the people of Hong Kong have said, no. They do not want that trade off. They actually are willing to protest and fight hard to maintain those freedoms that they still have.","So it's not even as though these protesters in Hong Kong are fighting for additional freedom. They're just saying we want to keep things the way they are. We don't want to see an erosion of the freedoms we do have.","That's right. I think it's important to be realistic. I mean, this has been an absolutely extraordinary - at times, very moving - protest by over a million people - overwhelmingly peaceful, very civic-minded, lots of different generations coming together. That's a fantastic thing and utterly unthinkable where I'm sitting in Beijing on the mainland - could never happen. But they are not about to get more democracy. They're not even about to get more freedoms. This is a defensive set of protests to keep what they have.","Interesting that you point out this would be very, very unlikely to happen in China. It makes me wonder, do the protests in Hong Kong pose any threat to China's leadership, to President Xi Jinping, to the Chinese Communist Party?Are they worried about this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The people of Hong Kong are not willing to trade their freedom for economic growth offered by China's government.","questions":"Which freedom do the people of Hong Kong want to maintain?","answer":"freedom"}
{"text":["The majority of the Secret Service agents were very acceptable of me coming in to the White House detail. There were only a few who were dead-set against any integration policies or equal-opportunity policies that were being enforced by President Kennedy, giving equal opportunity to all people, regardless of race, religion, color or ethnic background.","And I think that President Kennedy was serious, and he was doing these things not for a political purpose, but because he felt it in his heart that America could be a much better place if we didn't have all of these divisions and restrictions on people of ethnic backgrounds and minorities.","So now I foresaw that the weaknesses in the protection on President Kennedy would allow his assassination if any serious attempt would be made against his life, and I did everything in my power to stem that threat against our young president.","What threats did you hear against the president's life and when?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"he felt it in his heart\" - This phrase means that President Kennedy strongly believed in the cause of equal opportunity and integration, rather than just thinking about it logically.","questions":"Which phrase describes President Kennedy's belief in equal opportunity and integration as something he strongly believed in?","answer":"Strongly"}
{"text":["Will you try and legislate in spite of the president instead of with him?I mean, it seems that he is distracting from what the Republican Congress is trying to do.","Oh, absolutely. I think we'll move forward without that. I think that the president can certainly - I mean, it would be helpful, obviously, if the president makes that pivot - and I certainly hope that he does - where he's certainly more deliberate, more thoughtful in his approach - certainly gets off this Twitter stuff (laughter) - where, you know, I think that, as commander in chief - and I've said this before - that the men and women who serve this country in uniform want to see a president focused on the fact that we're a nation at war and not in a Twitter war with Rosie O'Donnell.","And so I think - I hope that this president can self-correct - this presidency can stabilize. But the Congress needs to move forward with policies that matter to the American people. And the president is doing something important right now in having visited Saudi Arabia - and to strengthen our alliance with Saudi Arabia, to counter that Iranian - Syrian, certainly under Assad, and Russia axis of power that is strengthening.","You know, you're talking about Twitter, but there were reports last week that the president disclosed sensitive intelligence information from Israel to Russian diplomats in an Oval Office meeting. You're a veteran. Do you have any concerns about the president's national security judgment, just briefly?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"legislate in spite of the president instead of with him\" - figurative meaning, implies that the Congress will pass laws even if the president is not in agreement with them.","questions":"How will the Congress move forward with policies?","answer":"Without"}
{"text":["Exactly. It's just something that's very hard for a rancher to fight. So. . .","Hasn't the Endangered Species Act done a lot of good?","You know, in some instances, it has. And, you know, most ranchers don't want to see everything destroyed. You've got to understand also that a rancher is basically an endangered species. We're not as numerous as we used to be. And I think that ought to concern everybody involved because everybody seems to like to eat pretty well. So I think that's something that people want to remember.","Bill Kluck, sheep committee chairman of our R-Calf USA - and he's a rancher in South Dakota. Thanks so much for being with us, sir."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Ranchers are not as abundant as they used to be.","questions":"Which group of people is becoming scarce?","answer":"Ranchers"}
{"text":["There - while we cannot see the fire any longer from where we are, and it's very, very smoky. There's a ton of ash. There has been a ton of ash. Everyone's lungs are, you know, feeling constricted. The dogs are coughing because it's so thick in the air. So the scene itself is still dismal, for sure.","But people are helping each other.","People are coming together. You know, when there's an emergency like this, if the fire happens too fast and you can't get out in time, you have to set the horses free.","Well, you got to put halters on, you got to label them. Those can burn off in a fire, so we actually handwrote with a Sharpie pen on all of our horses hooves the phone number. If there is some marking on the horse on - with ink, then we can identify, at least, who to call to find out where the horse will eventually need to be, or to let that person know that we have that horse."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies that despite the devastation caused by the fire, people are showing kindness and support to one another.","questions":"How are people responding to the fire?","answer":"helping"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . And they're called casseurs - breakers. They love to smash windows. They love to tear stuff up. And actually, the interior minister said that Marine Le Pen - that's the far-right leader - sent out far-right, you know, hooligans to cause havoc. So she, of course, denies that. But in every demonstration in France, these young men - they wear hoods, and they love to come out. So there's definitely that element.","And I've been talking to people out here. You know, a father had his 6-year-old daughter out here. He's not out there smashing things. So they're angry. They feel like their march is being taken over. But I can hear them screaming, Macron resign, way up, chanting in the crowd. So yes, people are causing, you know, damage and havoc, but there are regular people who are just angry.","NPR's Eleanor Beardsley on the streets of Paris. Eleanor, thanks very, very much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : elements in this context is something that causes something else, or something that can help something, in this case its asthma","questions":"Which medical condition is associated with the turn mentioned in the statement?","answer":"Unrelated"}
{"text":["This report also looked at who could possibly pose this sort of threat, where they're based. What were the findings there?","Al-Qaeda is probably still the lead terrorist group. There are others, as we're seeing, or could be seeing, in India right now. Some of them are regional in nature, but the problem is that these terrorists all have organizationally the sophistication to get the technology to use one of these weapons. And we know that they have the desire to do it.","Now, we don't think they have the capability yet, but they have the sophistication to get it. And it terms of bio, if they recruit the right, you know, bio scientist or two, they get the technical capability.","Do the recent bombings last week in Mumbai add any weight to this report?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Al-Qaeda is the most likely terrorist group to use weapons","questions":"Which terrorist group is mentioned as potentially having the sophistication to use a weapon?","answer":"AlQaeda"}
{"text":["Pleasure to be here.","How was your lab affected by this?","Well, pretty severely. We lost the great majority of our mice. And I guess probably the clearest way I can put it is to say mice are very - are quite literally our partners in discovery. We really rely on them to inform us on pretty much every aspect of what we learn about how the brain functions.","I mean, I was trying to think about this, too, how - what the right analogy is. I mean, you don't - they're encoding data, as well, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : mice play a crucial role in the scientific research conducted by the speaker.","questions":"What is the primary animal used by the speaker in their scientific research?","answer":"Mice"}
{"text":["Well, it's true. There was a disaster of my own making at the National Book Awards. In my capacity as emcee, when Jacqueline Woodson won the National Book Award for children's literature, which was a wonderful moment for everyone, but certainly also for me, Jackie is a friend of mine. So after her win, I told a story about her and me. And the story did not go out well and many, many people were very upset by it, and rightfully so.","Yeah. It certainly made me react a little differently when I was reading this book. One of the first signs we get that Errol, the pirate captain, has lost his ability to track is that he falls into racist jokes.","Anyone who's had someone with dementia knows that terrible things often begin to come out of their mouths, which is shocking and mysterious and, of course, very upsetting and hurtful for their families.","Yeah. I think anyone reading this book would decide - not giving anything away - maybe being a pirate isn't the good idea that I thought it was.","It was - if I can convey one message to the people of the world, it's don't try piracy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implication here is that the reader should not try piracy, as it may not be as glamorous as it initially seems.","questions":"Which message does PersonA want to convey to the people of the world?","answer":"Piracy"}
{"text":["Hello.","What's going on in your city?","Well, what's going on in my city is a similar dynamic of what's taking place in other cities across the United States right now. We've had 130 percent increase in homicides related to arguments and fights between individuals or groups unrelated to other criminal activity. They've got easy access to firearms. We've seen all of these cities have seen many more shots fired at each individual incident. Some places it's a fight over synthetic drug markets. So there are a number of variables, but they all revolve around a fairly narrow slice of these advantage communities that is very concerning.","Chief Flynn, not so long ago, you were getting credit for a low homicide rate. What changed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  can be interpreted as a way to ask for an explanation for the sudden increase in homicides, not just a question about what has happened.","questions":"Which turn implies that the person asking is not just curious about what has happened, but is actually asking for an explanation for the sudden increase in homicides?","answer":"turn3"}
{"text":["I think it's very important for people to unplug. Setting aside the whole question and dangers of addiction, let's assume you're not somebody who is addicted, but you are still constantly plugged in. The downsides are likely to be, first of all, no time to think, no time to just reflect on what you feel, what you think, what you've been experiencing. And wisdom really comes to us through the process of reflecting on our experience and our feelings and thoughts. So, I think people are in danger of not being able to become wise if they don't take time to think.","Plus there is this huge factor of engagement with other people. We are we're social animals. We need to be connected. There's something called limbic resonance, which is kind of an energetic resonance that gets set up between two people when they are engaged in a positive and constructive way with each other and they are able to develop the relationship. And we know that when people do not have enough of that engagement with each other, they suffer depression and they suffer in other ways. So, getting unplugged allows you to get reengaged with real people in your life that matter to you.","Let's talk a little bit about how online addiction can work in tandem with other addictions. I'm thinking about gambling. There's now all sorts of online gambling. There's also pornography.","Right."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Constantly being plugged in prevents people from becoming wise","questions":"What comes to us through the process of reflecting on our experience and our feelings and thoughts?","answer":"Reflecting"}
{"text":["Well, let me ask you this. When you say, you know, lights out, he's pretty much out of sight. Why is Huckabee sticking with the race?","Because there's another spot on the ticket besides this one.","Yes, that is so true. Well, let's look at the demographics on both races, Democratic and Republican. Can we say anything about the trends by race, by first time voter, any trends among voters for the Democratic or Republican races?","By and large the Democratic demographics were what we've seen in the past. In Maryland in particular we saw again where the African\u2014American vote was overwhelmingly for Barack Obama, but he did not do comparably well among whites. Now, we did see a deviation from that in Virginia, which was the largest state that was voting yesterday. And in Virginia we saw for the first time a substantial portion - in fact about half - of the white vote going for Barack Obama. He also won among white men. He did not win white women, but if you look at all men, he carried two-thirds of all men and he carried 60 percent of all women in Virginia."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"lights out\" implies that the person being referred to is not relevant or not a contender in the race, rather than actually turning off lights.","questions":"Which phrase suggests that the person being referred to is not a contender in the race?","answer":"lights-out"}
{"text":["Good to be with you.","So we just heard about what this decision means practically speaking, but what about politically?What's the thought process here?","I think the administration does not want too much attention to be paid to the person that they're handling this portfolio to. In other words, they don't want the czar concept. That was something of a media concept. You know, we do love czars. We like our drug czars, our energy czars. So. . .","And what sounds better than car czar?","(Soundbite of laughter) It's perfect. It was irresistible. And that is exactly why they decided to resist it because they knew we couldn't resist it. They wanted this fellow, and they have a person, his name is Ron Bloom. He has been an investment banker. He has been involved in a number of manufacturing, restructuring situations. And they wanted to bring him into the Treasury Department as a senior adviser to Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The statement is tongue in cheek. B is joking that \"car czar\" rhymes and fits in with the habit of calling so many positions \"czar\" in American government.","questions":"What is PersonB's tone in turn 3?","answer":"Joking"}
{"text":["And what has it gotten back?","There was a record 455 films and television productions that were shot in Georgia in the last fiscal year. And they represented a $2. 7, you know, billion in direct spending, which they estimate brings in $9. 5 billion in total economic impact. So these numbers are really huge. And they have been a huge destination for feature films, and not just any sort of feature films, expensive blockbusters, the biggest of those being Marvel's \"Avengers\" movies, which shot at Pinewood Studios in Atlanta, which is a big production facility.","As we mentioned, studios and media companies have sent some warning signals. How likely, though, is an actual boycott?","These laws have sort of been spreading. And production people here in Hollywood are sort of taking a wait-and-see approach. And this abortion ban isn't supposed to take effect until January of 2020. So we have this sort of in-between time where a lot of studios and producers and executives are trying to figure out what the best course of action is, and do they keep projects there in the meantime?Should it be overturned before it's enacted, then Hollywood doesn't really have to worry about pulling out their productions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Georgia has become a popular destination for big budget movies and TV shows.","questions":"Which state?","answer":"Georgia."}
{"text":["Yeah. They've been sacrificing already with their money and with their talents. The choice is theirs to move back permanently or to invest and to visit. The Shabab will not be, inshallah, any longer a threat to anyone. The famine luckily has been averted. The rain has come in a big way. The country is now ready for its daughters and sons to get involved so that we sustain the progress that has been made.","What has been the reaction of the Somali community to your advice?","They have welcomed it. The community was enthusiastic to hear the hopeful developments in Somalia. I guess they will make their decisions based on my advice but also on their own evaluation of the situation.","But you have personal experience leaving Somalia as well and then coming back. You went to school in Montreal. You were the U. S.  ambassador."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The country does not have children but it means the people that are born and raised there.","questions":"Which term does turn 0 define?","answer":"Country"}
{"text":["But this radicalization on the Internet is something that the FBI has been talking about for years, and it hasn't been licked. And clearly, this is an example of that since we know that the older brother, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, spent a lot of time on the Internet, on jihadi websites.","And again, if he says anything to the investigators before he's Mirandized, that is nothing they can use in a case against him. However, given the mountain of evidence - including this video that's been described to you - they may not need it.","Well, it's funny because depending on which lawyer you talk to, they will disagree with your first supposition; which is, that it's not admissible if you evoke the public safety exception. In fact, part of the reason for the public safety exception, instead of just talking to somebody without Mirandizing them, is that some of that information may well be admissible. But in this case, this is a bit of a slam dunk. They have video on this young man, and he's going to have a hard time saying that he wasn't involved.","NPR counterterrorism correspondent Dina Temple-Raston, with us here in Studio 42 - our very first guest in Studio 42. Thanks very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The radicalization of people through activity on the internet has not been defeated yet.","questions":"Which type of websites did Tamerlan Tsarnaev spend time on?","answer":"Jihadi"}
{"text":["Yeah. I can imagine.",". . . run me out of the lab on a rail. But they were delighted. They were so imaginative and they were so - well, they're both fiction readers, which helps, so they understand what literature can do, that it's symbolic and how you can sort of tell the truth in a fictional way.","So they - we just have a great time. We spent hours in conversation about this. If it did happen, then what would be the reasons?You know, we sort of backed up and had all of these hypothesis and, you know, Dr.  Brower was even saying, oh, and there's another species of milkweed, and if that range shifted a little too - so we were really - they were very enthusiastically helping me create this imaginary world, which gave me a lot of confidence in the final manuscript because they vetted it for me and they made sure that every degree of temperature was accurate and all the equipment used by the scientists in this novel were, you know, I haven't positioned them upside down. You know, everything, every detail has to be right.","So I really appreciate, not just Dr.  Brower and Dr.  Fink, but all of the scientists who have done a lot of work on monarchs that I relied - on which I relied to get my facts straight."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The scientists didn't actually run me out of the lab, but were very supportive.","questions":"Which emotions did the scientists show towards the author?","answer":"Delight"}
{"text":["And so that - what you're doing now is you're experiencing the retro-nasal olfaction, which is the way that we smell through our mouth as the vapors from the food, the volatile aromas, go back up our sinus cavity and reach our nose through our mouth. That's called retro-nasal olfaction or what I refer to as mouth-smelling.","It's true. You know, we've all done this when we were kids in school, but unless you really do it as an adult and think about it and watch it, it's a whole different reaction. You really do notice the difference. It's - I also, I've also noticed that your sight, you know, what you expect food - years ago, I used to do this show called \"Newton's Apple\" on PBS, and one of the things that they - they handed me once an ice cream cone with vanilla ice cream in it.","And they said have a taste. And I tasted it, and I could not figure out what was on the cone. And it turned out it was a scoop of mashed potatoes.","Oh, wow. That's a good one."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In (3), B tasted an ice cream cone with vanilla ice cream and thought it was mashed potatoes. The actual meaning here is that the appearance and texture of the ice cream fooled B's sense of taste, which expected mashed potatoes rather than sweet, creamy ice cream. The literal meaning would be that B tasted mashed potatoes in an ice cream cone, which is not the case.","questions":"What did PersonB think was in the ice cream cone?","answer":"Mashedpotatoes."}
{"text":["Have you ever seen one of these wrestling matches?Are the wasps easily found and seen?","Unfortunately, I've never seen the show. I can't wait, though. The day that I see a tarantula hawk come in contact with a tarantula I'm going to sit back and enjoy this dance. But you can see the tarantula hawks. They're actually quite common and quite conspicuous on the landscape, particularly throughout the southwest and indeed all the way from California to Virginia.","Do tarantula wasps have interest in humans?","They do not. So as long as you're not explicitly harassing this animal, as long as you're not trying to step on it or grab it, it's going to leave you alone. And, in fact, you can walk right up to them and watch them as they forage and hunt for tarantulas.","Ben Hutchins - invertebrate biologist for the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Ben, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - Literal meaning: A is expressing excitement about the prospect of witnessing a tarantula hawk and a tarantula interact, and noting that tarantula hawks are common and easily spotted in certain areas. Implicated meaning: A is expressing a morbid curiosity about a potentially violent interaction between two creatures and finding enjoyment in it.","questions":"What is PersonA's reaction to the prospect of witnessing a tarantula hawk and a tarantula interact?","answer":"Excitement"}
{"text":["The highlight, I think, of the BET Awards is, like they said, the BET Awards are great because they have all the celebrities. It's not like the other shows where you sort of go on, who is that?You sort of know who everyone is. But I think, for the BET Awards this year, Al Green was the best person. I mean, he really just, you know, he made you realize, you know, there's nobody out there like him anymore, and. . .","It was fabulous.","He was amazing. And then, Alicia Keys, when she brought, you know TLC and En Vogue and those girls back on stage, it may be felt old, but nonetheless, they were really good, you know, and they sort of was singing these songs that you know, you used to remember when I think music - all generations say this but when music was really good. You know, and who thought I'd say that about TLC, but I was like oh, I miss TLC.","They did \"Waterfalls\" with Alicia Keys."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : BET Awards are great because they have all the celebrities, unlike other shows","questions":"How were the BET Awards different from other shows according to A?","answer":"Celebrities."}
{"text":["Yeah. I know Chicken Street. But tell us what you saw at the site of the bombing.","When I heard it, I came out from the store, and I immediately saw people running from the direction of (unintelligible) the smoke billowing into the air. So I walked in the opposite direction towards the smoke. And the closer I got, the more damage there was - obviously, broken windows further away from it - and then closer to it, you know, cars on fire and completely crushed by the force of the explosion.","And then at the ground zero of the site, you know, a number of bodies that was in the immediate vicinity - I saw probably 12 to 15, all, you know, really just mangled and - you know, almost as if they were melted together. It was just a pile of bodies - you know, most of them dead, some of them still alive. I even told one man who was trying to make a phone call, you know, in this morass of bodies.","And then all around, there was, you know, the usual chaos that infuse these attacks - security forces running around with their weapons drawn, general chaos, smoke and noise, car alarms, and, you know, small explosions of oxygen tanks and petrol tanks exploding. And, you know, within a few minutes, you have these - I guess you'd call them first responders - rushing in to take the injured and the dead away."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"the closer I got, the more damage there was\" - the speaker is not referring to physical damage to themselves, but rather to the increasing destruction they observed as they approached the site of the bombing.","questions":"How was the damage as the speaker got closer?","answer":"Increasing"}
{"text":["No. But what about the misinformation campaign that we keep discovering more about, hacking, what seems to be just a lot of Russian involvement on a lot of different fronts?Why - what is the Russian interest in causing unrest or consternation in the United States or Western Europe?","Well, actually, I think that causing unrest and consternation is an end in itself. And part of it - part of the goa; is psychological. You know, all of us are interested in seeing our worldviews affirmed. And Russia's worldview - the Russian - the contemporary Russian ideology is that the whole world is rotten. Everybody is corrupt. Everything is for sale. Elections and the United States are just as rigged as they are in Russia. And so sowing the kind of disruption that Russia is sowing first and foremost pursues the goal of affirming that view.","Much of your book is devoted to the stories of four Russians who'd hoped that when the Soviet Union came undone, free speech and democracy would take hold. What happened instead?","Well, actually, those four Russians were much too young to hope for anything when the Soviet Union collapsed. They were preschoolers or kindergarteners when the Soviet Union collapsed. But what happened - and I was interested in them because they came of age - you know, they - or they became human beings in the 1990s, a period that is variously portrayed as a flowering of democracy or as a period of chaos and, you know, robber barons and that sort of thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) implies that Russia's goal is to promote a worldview that everything is corrupt and that its tactics are meant to psychologically influence others;","questions":"What is Russia's contemporary ideology according to A?","answer":"Worldview"}
{"text":["I should remind Americans that, in Britain, the prime minister normally controls the agenda in Parliament. He was blocked yesterday. What was it like to be on the floor for yesterday's vote?","Well, it was exciting. I mean, the chamber the House of Commons - I often take Americans around it. It's very different from Congress or the Senate. It's very confrontational. There are seats facing opposite each other, so you get to shout at each other. But, of course, in this instance, the fight was between people sitting on the same benches. So you kind of shout across at each other. It's also a very small chamber, a very intimate chamber. So in that sense, it adds to the drama.","Well, Prime Minister Johnson said he would expel you rebels from the Conservative Party. Did that happen overnight?Are you no longer a member of the Conservative Party?","Yeah. He's been true to his word. I have lost what we call the whip. So we're not members of the Conservative Parliamentary Party, we're independent MPs, which has been forced on us rather than a choice made by us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The House of Commons is a confrontational environment","questions":"Which chamber is very different from Congress or the Senate?","answer":"HouseofCommons"}
{"text":["Those same streaks are in Europe. We're seeing people who are rebelling against the European Union, the open market, the open borders, who are rebelling against migration and refugees and who have lost out or feel that they have lost out on globalization and trade and are now opposing trade. So the same phenomenon we see here in the United States you also see in Europe. And in that sense, we are having a crisis that really affects Western liberal democracies writ large.","I wonder what you'd say, Mr. Ambassador, to a citizen of Belgium or France who might say now a united Europe is just too bureaucratic and too centralized to protect its population.","Well, I think that is a sentiment you are hearing increasingly in places like Belgium and France that - the problem is that the threat is not just from without but it is also from within. Belgian citizens, people born in Belgium, blew up the metro station and airport, where French citizens born in France who blew up the concert hall and stadium in - last November.","That threat needs to be dealt with not only by the countries themselves but can more effectively be dealt with by the Europeans coming together, sharing intelligence, which is not what they're doing right now, protecting their external borders much better than they have been able to do, rather than each individually trying to deal with this challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"sharing intelligence\" and \"protecting their external borders\" - These are non-literal uses of \"sharing\" and \"protecting\" meaning \"cooperating and exchanging information\" and \"strengthening border security,\" respectively, not literal physical actions.","questions":"Which two actions are referred to in non-literal terms in turn 3?","answer":"Europeannations"}
{"text":["That President Obama looked at what a no-fly zone could do and realized it would not do enough. He needed to authorize that aircraft could strike ground targets as well.","Yeah. I mean, I think, you know, almost all of these things, once you start, there is significant pressure for it to escalate. So when, you know, another example, when Bill Clinton starts NATO air strikes in Serbia, in the Kosovo War in 1999 to protect Kosovar Albanians who were being massacred by Serbian nationalists, then the Clinton administration starts out doing air strikes and then comes under lots and lots of pressure to say air strikes aren't enough, air strikes are not really saving civilian populations on the ground. You need to do more.","So I think, you know, I think when the Obama administration looks at this, then there's a debate about - on the one hand, you could say - and it's not that the Obama administration is considering troops on the ground because they're definitely not. But if you're arming the rebels in Syria, does that create more pressure for you to support them or does it mean that the rebels can stand on their own two feet, which means less pressure on the Obama administration to get involved?","Well, you're talking about the law of unintended consequences. If you're supporting them and recognize them and they start to lose, what do you do then?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The rebels can handle their rebellion without anyone helping them.","questions":"How can the rebels handle their rebellion?","answer":"Independently"}
{"text":["Yeah.","The Land O' Lakes butter box - there's a Native American on that. And an informal poll of people taken around here suggests a lot of people don't even see her.","Well, she's in your refrigerator. And God knows what she's doing at night. I never look closely at it myself. I do buy that brand. And when you look at it closely, what you see is she's kneeling. And she's holding the box that she's in. And so it recedes into infinity. In other words, you know, in that box, you see her again and again and again. So it's this amazing combination of American identity, a generic Indian with really brilliant graphic design that, you know, you don't really notice. But I really do think she's up to something at night in the refrigerator.","(Laughter) I'll check. Is it offensive?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B: \"(Laughter) I'll check.\" - This is an expression of amusement that does not actually mean the speaker will check if the Native American figure on the butter box is offensive or not.","questions":"What is the purpose of PersonB's laughter?","answer":"Amusement"}
{"text":["So I pretty immediately - because I was done with school - packed my things up. I quit the job that I had and moved back to Philadelphia and basically spent the last six months with her. It was, you know, it's an around-the-clock job. It's very draining. And at the end of the day, the only thing I had time to write were basically one paragraph or sometimes a sentence - reflections. And I just started collecting them in this folder. And I didn't tend to do anything with them, but they all started to fit together in this large story.","I want to have you read from one of those vignettes, Page 31.","(Reading) I've often thought that being a light-skinned black woman is like being a well-dressed person who is also homeless. You may be able to pass in mainstream society, appearing acceptable to others, even desired. But in reality, you have nowhere to rest, nowhere to feel safe. Even while you're out in public feeling, fine and free, inside, you cannot shake the feeling of rootlessness. Others may even envy you, but this masks the fact that at night, there is nowhere safe for you, no place to call your own.","Tell me a little bit about what that passage means to you. What were you trying to say?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (Reading) I've often thought that being a light-skinned black woman is like being a well-dressed person who is also homeless. Implied meaning: A is describing the feeling of rootlessness that comes with being a light-skinned black woman, despite appearing acceptable to others in mainstream society.","questions":"What feeling does PersonA describe in the passage?","answer":"Rootlessness"}
{"text":["I mean there's no logic to what he does. There's no way to anticipate what he's going to do. Often, what he ends up doing defies logic, defies everybody's expectations, defies explanation.","When you hear this from people who've been around the president, is there a but anywhere?Do they say, I love this man, but?","There used to be. Remember - so I've done - this is my second book. This is effectively a sequel. I've spent the last three years pretty much non-stop talking about Donald Trump. And there used to be buts. There are no buts now. I might make a reservation for some of the most sycophantic people around him. But even they, if you push them a little, get to the vile and ludicrous pretty quickly.","I'm thinking of a description attributed to a former senior White House official, Steve Bannon, describing the president the United States and the president of Russia, Putin and Trump, quote, \"two narcissistic, cult leader-type presidents. Both had populist talents, yet both were ultimately out for their own benefit. \"And then a key line here, I think - of the two, Putin was the far cleverer one. It sounds like even Steve Bannon, who did so much to promote the president's career, doesn't seem to think he's very bright."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Even the most sycophantic people around the president think he's vile and ludicrous.","questions":"How do even the most sycophantic people around the president describe him?","answer":"Ludicrous"}
{"text":["You've been on this beat for a while.","I have, a decade or so.","Any - ever seen anything like it?","Wow. I think this is a story I will tell the grandkids about covering."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Anything like it\" is a rhetorical question implying if the speaker has ever seen a similar situation as this one before. ","questions":"How does PersonB's question in turn 2 imply the PersonA's previous experience?","answer":"Experience"}
{"text":["Sometimes you hear about couples fighting over stuff. We need a new car. No, we don't need a new car, you know, rather spend the money on having the kids go and get braces than get a new car. But I need my ride to look good, you know, questions like that.","Absolutely.","That come up in families. How do you adjudicate if that's the kind of issue that's coming up in your relationship?","Well, you first of all have to make the people involved understand that that is actually the issue. Most people don't see it that way. When you say - when people say they want a car, they don't usually say, I need a car to look good. They usually think they really need a car. They don't understand that that they're feeling an ego need. So you have to understand - get people to understand what their need is based on."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : don't see something in a certain way in this context is that they don't agree with something, or they don't fully understand the given situation.","questions":"How do people usually express their desire for a new car, according to PersonA's explanation in the dialogue?","answer":"Ego"}
{"text":["I never approached any of the essayists with ideas in mind in terms of what I wanted them to write about. I wanted them to speak to their own truth to whatever they felt was the most poignant experience for them. And that was it for Nada, and Nada wrote so honestly about what she'd experienced. And it was all tied as well into her own career. It wasn't just about losing Anthony. It was about how all of those different threads came together in her life - the Arab Spring.","And that takes me back to the idea of hopelessness because that's Nada's story. She felt that way, and she was speaking to her own truth. And some of the women have similar feelings about the region, where it's almost like, well, this is just - the losses are too steep.","We mentioned resiliency. Are there other themes that connect these essays?","I think identity is a big one. All of them definitely feel very strongly about where they come from. I tend to say there's this idea of a homeland - and it's quite poetic in the Arab world - where, I'm from here. I want to be telling the story. This is the truth of what's happening in my homeland."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : All the essayists feel strongly about their homeland and want to tell its story","questions":"How do the essayists feel about their homeland?","answer":"Strongly"}
{"text":["We're small compared to some of the other growers throughout the state here in Illinois. But we normally have everything in the ground. As of Monday, we only had about 25% or so in the ground tops, actually a little bit less than that.","So what are you going to do?As you said, like, normally, you've had your corn in. And then I guess you'd move onto your beans. What are you going to do?","Right now we have a few different options. We do carry crop insurance, as does many of the farmers throughout the state and throughout the Midwest, for that matter. And we do have an option to take what they call prevent plants. That's part of our crop insurance.","What happens if you and all of your neighbors don't get your corn into the field?Like I say, as you've told me now, you've got like only about a fraction in the ground if what you normally would have at this time of year. Are we going to - forgive me for being selfish about it - are we not going to have corn this summer to go with our barbecues and everything else or what?What's going to happen?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : having everything in group implies that all the necessities and requirements are made available, not implies everything in the floor ","questions":"Which word implies that everything is made available, not that everything is in the ground?","answer":"Availability"}
{"text":[". . . a day. And. . .",". . . capsized on this catamaran. He's there with this guy called Rene Wassing, the Dutch anthropologist, and his last words are: I think I can make it.","I think I can make it. And he dove in and swam to shore, and was never seen again.","Now, you went to Asmat yourself. You are a writer who's worked in many countries, but you say this is 10,000 square miles of maybe one of the wildest places on earth.","Yeah. It's the southwest coast of what's now Indonesian Papua, was then Dutch New Guinea; and it is a swamp."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) A says that Asmat is \"maybe one of the wildest places on earth\", but the actual meaning is that Asmat is an extremely remote and dangerous place, rather than simply \"wild\" in the sense of being untamed or full of wildlife.","questions":"Which word describes the actual meaning of Asmat being remote and dangerous, rather than simply untamed or full of wildlife?","answer":"Dangerous"}
{"text":["So I shaved my head kind of as a social experiment, you know?And sure enough, no more hey, baby, you know?But suddenly I was public enemy No. 1. People thought I was a skinhead or some kind of punk that was going to break something or steal something.","People were visibly intimidated - which, again, here's a girl moving through the world, craving eye contact, craving human connection, even fleeting connection, passersby, you know?And so the fact that people no longer even would look me in the eye was - it really weighed on me, and it started to accumulate in my chest. Even people who are politely nervous just eventually enraged me.","(Singing) I am not an angry girl, but it seems like I've got everyone fooled. Every time I say something they find hard to hear, they chalk it up to my anger and never to their own fear.","You had - as you talked about in the book, you were struggling with this idea of how to make art and how to sell your art or even if you should."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Others attribute the speaker's opinions to anger rather than listening to them","questions":"Which feeling weighed on PersonA when people no longer looked them in the eye?","answer":"Connection"}
{"text":["Now, the big moment has come for Andy Murray and, of course, the hopes of all Britain are riding on him. He plays Novak Djokovic. What do you think's going to happen?","Well, I picked Novak Djokovic to win but these two, there's really very little to separate them. The pressure on Andy Murray, the pressure on this entire country to finally break the curse of not having a men's major champion at Wimbledon - the last champion to win here was Fred Perry in 1936. The women a little bit better; Virginia Wade in 1977. But the hopes and dreams of this country - it's so personal here - is to finally have a champion. And Andy Murray lost last year to Roger Federer. This year he's got a chance, but he's going up against the best player in the world. It's not going to be easy. He's going to have the entire crowd supporting him but at the same time, he's got a huge task in going up against Novak Djokovic, who's played in eight of the last - I'm sorry, now nine of the last 12 major championships. He's the best player going. Andy Murray has a huge, huge task in front of him.","Thanks very much, Howard.","No, my pleasure. I could watch tennis all day. It's the best.","Howard Bryant of ESPN. com and ESPN the Magazine, on the line from Wimbledon."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be indirectly suggesting a course of action or solution to a problem without explicitly stating it.","questions":"Which turn contains an implied suggestion without explicitly stating it?","answer":"turn4"}
{"text":["What can Americans learn from 18 years of war?That's what the U. S.  has faced since the 9\/11 attacks in 2001. James Mattis was in position to learn. The Marine veteran served in Afghanistan and Iraq and was defense secretary under President Trump until he resigned. Mattis has a memoir - \"Call Sign Chaos. \"He avoids direct criticism of the president. When we spoke yesterday, we asked if the president thinks long term, and Mattis said only that people around him do. The general describes his own detailed planning. Before leading a force into Iraq in 2003, he read thousands of years of history of Alexander the Great and others who invaded that region before him.","What could a multi-thousand-year-old battle teach you that would be relevant in the 21st century?","Well, there's enduring aspects of leadership, and plus geography doesn't change. And so when you read about the challenges they faced, it gets you thinking about your own. I knew we were going to be operating very deep inside the Middle East, and I had to decide what was the right manner in which I wanted the troops to go in. So I used words from antiquity. From a Roman general, I used no better friend, no worse enemy. We were going in to liberate the Iraqi people from Saddam. We were not going in to dominate them. I didn't want triumphalism. I wanted to go in with a sense of first do no harm.","So you read thousands of pages and then tried to boil it down to a few phrases, or in some cases even a word, that you could pass on to thousands of people."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The roman general he used was not someone he knew, but they were helpful in good and bad ways.","questions":"What phrase did Mattis use from a Roman general before leading a force into Iraq?","answer":"nobetterfriend"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, there are definitely multiple factors. You know, about a decade ago, China passed their renewable energy law. They started to really grow wind and solar as the future strategic industries. And now they're the largest in the world. They install by far the most wind turbines and solar panels in the world. So they really can see that this is a future growth area, that this is something that they can export to other countries. And it has all of these environmental benefits. So of course, to them, it just makes sense to do it.","So they see jobs in green energy.","That's right. You know, there's 3 million renewable energy jobs in China. That's the most in the world. Renewable energy jobs around the world, including in the U. S. , are growing much faster than the overall job market. So there are definitely areas for growth.","At the same time, China is the world's largest coal user and producer, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is simply a confirmation question about China's status as the largest coal user and producer. However, the implied meaning is that China's heavy reliance on coal for energy production contradicts their efforts towards renewable energy and environmental benefits. This turn serves as a counterpoint to the previous discussion about China's growth in renewable energy and job opportunities in that sector.","questions":"Which aspect of China's energy production is contradicted by its efforts towards renewable energy and environmental benefits?","answer":"Coal"}
{"text":["So in your polling, in your research, do you find that it's going to come down to maybe a couple thousand votes from these unaffiliated voters and on what issues?Or will they vote?","It is likely at the moment to be a very narrow victory. President Bush won in 2004 with five percent. That was 100,000 votes. In other words, if it is one percent, that would be 20,000 votes, and right now, the polls are moving around in just single percentage points. So it could be that narrow.","Now, I have read that Colorado is going to be this year's Florida and Ohio, that this is going to be the state that decides the election.","I think it could be, and the interesting thing is that Obama and Palin were both in Jefferson County a couple of days ago, indicating that there may be actually even a county that could be looked at to be beyond an entire state."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning of the turn is different from its literal meaning. The turn is using hyperbole to suggest that the county of Jefferson in Colorado could be a key factor in deciding the election, despite the fact that it is only one of many counties in the state and there are other swing states in the election.","questions":"Which county in Colorado could potentially play a crucial role in deciding the election?","answer":"Jefferson"}
{"text":["Yeah. What damage in the United States near as you can tell?","Well, we're not really aware of what the damage is precisely. I mean, that's still being accounted for. One thing interestingly for people that are dissecting what happened is that many systems are now trying to clean up the damage. So it's hard to know exactly what happened. It's kind of like cleaning up a crime scene before doing the forensics on it. One thing that is being discussed - this is possibly malware coming from the NSA. Some security experts who've been collecting samples of the malware and dissecting them have been saying that these criminal attacks are based on attacks designed by the National Security Agency and then released into the public by a hacking group called The Shadow Brokers.","You know, now, the NSA, they would have wanted to use the malware for spying purposes, right?The agency has a huge shop - we're very well aware of this - one of the world's best shops, dedicated to finding weaknesses in software and taking advantage of those weaknesses to break in and steal information for spying purposes. The problem is once you break in, you make digital keys, you can't really control who gets them. So this attack is raising one of these fundamental issues that we talk about in the security world about whether NSA surveillance protects people or creates unexpected damage that does more harm than good.","So I - so it's possible that there - it's possible that the NSA program to try and limit damage and trace people who would do harm to the country wound up doing harm across the world."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : So this attack is raising one of these fundamental issues that we talk about in the security world about whether NSA surveillance protects people or creates unexpected damage that does more harm than good.\"","questions":"What fundamental issue is the attack raising in the security world?","answer":"Protection"}
{"text":["Yes.","And so tell me about this toilet.","OK. This is a prototype that was displayed after one year of research. So eight major universities around the world were tasked with coming up with a new approach to completely handle the waste, basically, with no traditional urban infrastructure. In other words, it should operate in the absence of an electrical grid. It should operate in the absence of piped-in water, the subject of your previous conversations. And it should basically function at low cost and be available to the developing world within a three to four-year period of time.","And what is yours - what does your prototype look like?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that the toilet designed is an advance toilet that needs no piped-in water and electrical grid to function which will also be more useful for developing countries because of it low cost.","questions":"What were the requirements for the toilet prototype discussed in turn 2?","answer":"Requirements"}
{"text":["Investors are ecstatic about central bankers working there. Listen to this, the German DAX Index up about 10 percent, the French CAC 40, up more than nine percent. Now, they are both measures like the Dow 30, which on Wall Street jumped 500 points in the morning.","In Britain, Prime Minister Gordon Brown put $65 billion of government money into three British banks. NPR's Rod Gifford is in London. We're going to him. Rob, hello. I think that people are saying it is this British plan, the so-called British plan that seems to be may be spurring a little bit of a recovery around the world. What is the British government doing, and what does it want in return?","Well, as you say, Alex, Gordon Brown is getting a lot of kudos from this, because he was the one who put this plan forward last week. What they're doing, as you say, is to put a lot of government money that is taxpayer's money, $65 billion worth of it, into three British banks into order to - they hope - free up the bank to bank lending, and the whole crisis of confidence that has struck British banks as it has done elsewhere.","In return - some very important conditions they want in return. Right upfront, leaders of these banks that have got into trouble must step down. Bonuses are being frozen for other executives who stay on and crucially, the demand that these banks maintain mortgage lending and small-business lending at 2007 levels, levels of last year."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Central bankers' actions have positively affected the market.","questions":"Which market has been positively affected by central bankers' actions?","answer":"Market"}
{"text":["Well, popularity is very important. The outdoor world needs more visitors and better accessibility. The difficulty with managing that side of it is that construction can have adverse effects to the natural areas if you start doing different buildings and that sort of thing on top of it, but yes.","Is this an anomaly, though, when we're talking just about Horseshoe Bend or have you seen other spaces that have changed?","I have. A smaller one in Colorado is Conundrum Hot Springs. After it became a spot for people to easily find on social media, the amount of visitorship (ph) went up really high. And since this is a very remote location where people kind of hang around for a long time in the hot springs, they ran out of places to go to the bathroom. As a result, Conundrum Hot Springs had to be shut down for a little bit while park rangers were up there with shovels to relieve that issue.","Meaning they were building bathrooms because people were just, like, basically. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Social media can significantly increase the number of visitors to remote locations, causing issues with facilities.","questions":"What can social media cause in remote locations?","answer":"Issues"}
{"text":["And the cable operators, the cable television news operations, CNN, Fox, MSNBC are going to in a tremendous competition to see which one of them can call it first, and that's going to pull the broadcasters over. So I don't think people in California can expect that the East Coast will not be talking about a winner, if there is a clear winner, before the polls close in California. Now, that isn't necessarily a good thing, I'm not trying to put a. . .","Right.","Put a happy face on it, it does make people in California feel angry to hear the race declared over hours before the polls close in that state. But because it's going to be on the Internet just about every where, and I suspect we'll start seeing it on cable television, it's going to be hard for the networks to resist the temptation to do the same.","Ron just quickly, there's been some last minute news. Senator Obama's grandmother passed away after a long battle with cancer yesterday. And a state personnel board in Alaska issue a report saying that Governor Sarah Palin didn't abuse her power, did not abuse her power, in the firing of a public safety commissioner. Do things like this, last minute developments like this, affect the race at all?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Put a happy face on it\" isn't literal, it means that 'A' isn't (going back to comment 1) trying to make it sound like it's not a problem.","questions":"What phrase did 'A' use to indicate that they were not trying to make the situation sound positive?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["Yeah, bubbly jock. And an owl is a hoolet. And that, again, is based on the sound that it makes. And - but my favorite is a wood pigeon, is a cushie-doo.","That is an absolutely dead-on approximation of its sound.","Isn't it lovely?So a frog is a puddock and sparrow is a speug. So I've never used speug in a sentence, but when I was a boy, we used puddock. So I don't go around trying to convince everybody that my culture's better than theirs, but sometimes it suits my face better. It sits nicely in my mouth.","And explaining your culture, it goes with the way you do your material. You don't tell jokes, per se."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : material in this context means the way someone performs","questions":"How does material relate to someone's performance?","answer":"Performance"}
{"text":["No, that felt great. Did it make up?I can't go back to my life pre-June 1, 2017, where I'm getting smeared. And as a Muslim, being attacked with the worst anti-Muslim trope you can say is that I'm a Muslim and I'm a terrorist. So it was very painful. It was painful to have friends and family express concerns. It was painful to contact security at Daily Beast and my radio channel to say, hey, we might be visited by white supremacists coming to kill me. And they might kill innocent people I work with. That was all horrible.","But through this all, I've never once questioned doing this. This is the right thing to do. It's the thing we have to do. And I'm happy we got the judgment. And we're going to continue. And I hope it inspires others and gives them a roadmap to say, don't be silent. There are lawyers who will represent you - I'm not kidding - free of charge for this kind of work to make it clear that we're not going to cower from these people. We're going to sue them. We're going to win. We're going to get their money.","That's Dean Obeidallah. He's the host of \"The Dean Obeidallah Show\" on Sirius XM. He's a columnist for The Daily Beast. And he's a comedian and a former lawyer. Dean, thanks so much for talking to us.","Thanks for having me on, Michel. I appreciate it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's important to stand up to hate and bigotry by taking legal action.","questions":"What was the motivation for taking legal action?","answer":"Attack"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, Jodi came to me very strongly. Before I even realized that I was writing a book, I was hanging out with Jodi. And she kind of took up residence in my mind. And I became a little infatuated with her. I started thinking about her all the time. And then the plot and the rest of the story sort of fell into place. I really, actually, kind of felt like I was getting to know her. And so it was a process of realizing what she had been through.","Well, Jodi - without giving too much away - gets out of prison. She meets an interesting woman, Miranda, who has three children, a failing marriage to a has-been country singer and an addiction. What draws them to each other?","She's just gotten out of prison. And she knows, in many ways, that taking up with Miranda is a bad decision. I mean, she kind of looks at her the first night that they're hanging out and tells herself, don't do this. But at the same time, she's drawn to her. I mean, she's physically attracted to her.","But she's also, I think, attracted to the fact that Miranda is bound and determined to enjoy life despite everything that's going wrong. So it's this sort of love of life and determination to make something joyful out of life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A women should not associate with a women expect as a friend","questions":"What is the advice given to women about their associations with other women?","answer":"friend"}
{"text":["No, he didn't get to see it until it was finished, and by the end, that had ceased to be the main subject. Charlie Fairburn, as you say, is a successful screenplay writer and has had a hit with a film called \"Aliens With A Human Heart,\" which he's not altogether proud of, and so he wants to write something serious before he dies. And he thinks, first of all, he'll write about his immediate situation, but then he decides to write about consciousness studies. But that novel within the novel is wrapped around by a journal that he's writing about his immediate situation.","Tell us what went into the character of Angelique, the compulsive gambler with whom Charlie begins to keep company.","Well, he went into the casino hoping to lose his money in order to become this artist driven by poverty. He's horrified when he ends up much richer than he was at the beginning of the evening. He's sitting at the bar and this - there is Angelique with a symmetrical disappointment. She's lost all her money, and so he gives her his unwanted winnings, and they begin a passionate affair. But all of the incidents in this novel are really an attempt to look into the nature of consciousness.","When you're writing, how do you know when something is funny?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implies to ask for advice from the writer on how to craft humor in writing.","questions":"How does turn 3 relate to the content discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Consciousness"}
{"text":["It probably depends on what chapter you're reading at the time. It's probably all of those things!I don't know who decides what goes into what box or what bin or what shelf, you know. For me, it's just about finding a character, finding a story, following, I guess, my heart at what I'm working on at the moment. And it just kind of falls, you know, wherever it may out there after that, you know.","There's been a lot of attention to the whole idea of street lit. And Zane, who's an erotica writer, extremely popular, sells a ton of books. A lot of people are like, well, she just can't write, but there's a lot of sex in it. And there's also a question that some people have raised about whether or not it is good for the race to have books that are explicit about black sexuality out there. So. . .","What race?The human race?","The black race. The black race. And so I bring this up because so often when people, you know, just as you mentioned, the distinctions between the way some people will look at female sexuality and male sexuality and what it's like to have a track record and whether that makes you a bad person. You know, people also look at these distinctions by race and say, oh well, black people are oversexed. That's some people stereotyping. Are you ever afraid that by doing work like this that you're, you know, I don't know, playing into a stereotype?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is worried that their work may contribute to the stereotype that black people are oversexualized.","questions":"What is the speaker afraid of contributing to with their work?","answer":"Oversexualized"}
{"text":["That's right, yeah. I mean, these - the owners of these brains in life, you know, they lived at this state hospital. Just looking at the condition of the brains now I can only imagine what they endured in life and now their brains were taken by questionable means. It's not entirely clear if it was legal for them to be taken by the doctor at the state hospital and then they were put in these jars. And it's upsetting to look at them, honestly, to see, you know, to imagine the circumstances of their life and then to see them there - it makes you consider your own brain, I suppose.","Well, a tough story to report. Thank you for doing it, Matt.","No problem.","Matt Largey, of member station KUT in Austin."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Well, a tough story to report.\" - This turn is a figurative expression that means the story is emotionally difficult to report, rather than physically difficult.","questions":"How would you describe the difficulty of the story for the reporter?","answer":"Emotional"}
{"text":["Earlier this week, Deacon White was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame. And yes, we know, you've never heard of him. White's career began in 1871, at the dawn of professional baseball. He played catcher in the days when catchers use no equipment at all: no glove, no pads, no facemask. They became heroes celebrated for their courage and their wits, and Deacon White stood out as one of the best.","Baseball historian Peter Morris serves on what used to be called the Veteran's Committee at Cooperstown. It's now called the Pre-Integration Era Committee. He's also the author of \"Catcher: How the Man Behind the Plate Became an American Folk Hero\" and joins us now from the studios at Michigan Radio in Ann Arbor. Good to have you with us today.","My pleasure to be here, Neal.","And in your book, you argue that the generation that came of age after the Civil War looked around for some heroes and found them behind home plate."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The generation after the Civil War looked to catchers as heroes.","questions":"Which position did Deacon White play in baseball before being elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame?","answer":"Catcher"}
{"text":["Well, it's about four, five, six percent. But we also asked questions about whether or not people would change their minds. You can add an additional about 20 percent of voters who are picking a candidate in the month of September, but are still saying they might change their mind how they're going to vote. When you add those two numbers together, you get almost to a quarter of the electorate in Ohio that could change its mind between now and Election Day.","And the number one issue, as it is in many places in the country, the economy?","The economy is the number one issue. And one of the things that makes it very difficult for a candidate to campaign in Ohio is that when they come to Ohio to talk about the economy, they can't just talk about a single aspect. When you talk to folks in the northern part of the state, northeast Ohio which includes Cleveland, and northwest Ohio which includes Toledo, when you're talking about the economy there, oftentimes the discussion is about trade.","When you talk about the economy in southwest Ohio, which is the Cincinnati area, there's much less talk about trade, and more discussion about wages and the salaries that people are making. The southeast area of the state, which is also known in part because of the Appalachian history of that part of the state, has high unemployment. A number of counties in southeast Ohio have double-digit unemployment. Many people in that region are talking about and focused on unemployment, solely as their economic concern."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : None found - the turns \"less talk about trade\" and \"focused on unemployment\" appear to have their literal meanings.","questions":"How is the economic concern in southeast Ohio described?","answer":"unemployment"}
{"text":["We're hoping that this research kind of paves the way to looking at novel high-speed adhesives. So how do you grab things - difficult things - very, very quickly?And so, like, if you were to grab something that's dusty, like a brick, or furry, duct tape's not going to be able to stick to either of those things. You know, you're going to have to use something like claws or grabbing mechanisms. But we think that with this new type of thick, viscous fluid coating a very soft substrate, that it will be able to grab oddly textured things very quickly. So in my mind, I'm dreaming of a - like, a frog tongue attached to a drone, and the drone can fly around and pick up packages really quickly and fly away.","Do you mind me asking - after a day in the lab - I'm just guessing- do you just want to go home and fast?I mean, it must be difficult to eat anything.","(Laughter) There are times that - especially in the beginning - where I had the smell of frog in my nose for at least an hour, and I couldn't eat anything. But by the end of the study, I'd been - you know, I was eating frog legs every week - part of the study.","Oh, no. Seriously?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) implies that A has a very tiring day in the lab and wants to finish the work quickly and go home.","questions":"Which animal's smell did PersonA have in their nose for at least an hour?","answer":"Frog"}
{"text":["They do. The students often say things like, but I just want to fit in. I want to look like everyone else. And the people next to me aren't reading braille, so why should I?","So answer the question. Why should they?I mean, if it's easier to get along without having to rely on braille, tell me why you think it's still important. I'm just wondering if you're having a hard time making the case to parents as well as the students.","It's really not a hard sell to parents because we show them the data. We give them evidence that suggests students, when learning braille, they're more likely to get employment and have greater academic gains as while later in life.","How did you learn braille, by the way?Do you mind if I ask?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Learning braille has practical benefits for students' future employment and academic success.","questions":"What benefits can learning braille provide for students?","answer":"Academic"}
{"text":["That's a great question. Things are definitely improving in the eurozone. It is unfortunately too early to say that they're out of the woods or even completely out of their recession.","I gather that most of the growth appears to be centered in Germany and to a lesser degree France. And is this then just a case of work with the best economies to begin with getting a little bit better?","Well, Germany has been the better of the European economies, since they're getting a little bit better. France has struggled. Portugal had some good numbers last quarter. That's encouraging. But you're right, we are still deeply worried about other places, such as Italy, Spain and, of course, Greece.","Well, that brings up the question because unemployment still continues to be perniciously high in Spain and Greece. Does this improvement somehow filter through to them?","Well, it certainly will - should if it continues, but you need faster growth rates than this. The hope is that this is the beginning of a faster recovery. But the way the European economy is, roughly speaking, you need more than 1 percent per year annualized growth rate in order to reduce unemployment. Unemployment's very high. We want to be seeing on an annualized basis 2 percent, perhaps even 3 percent in this recovery phase in order to feel that they've really turned the corner.","You need greater growth to be able to spur greater hiring and to lower the unemployment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The eurozone is still in a precarious economic position and not fully recovered yet.","questions":"What is the current status of the eurozone's economy?","answer":"Precarious"}
{"text":["Now, in New York state alone, that's 98 delegates at stake tomorrow for whoever wins by just one vote. That's a big pass to the delegates to get all in one place. And in some other states, if you win in every congressional district, you can take home the lion's share of the delegates from that state.","So, because the Republican rules do wait the winner more heavily and give extra bonus delegates for just winning, whether you win by one vote or whether you win over 50 percent in some cases, that's a big opportunity for John McCain as the national frontrunner to run up a big delegate total tomorrow and really put this out of reach.","All right. Finally, Mike Huckabee. He has a strong following among social conservatives at this point. He's kind of considered and also ran. Is that really accurate?What influence does he have in the race either, you know, in terms of winning or in terms of endorsing?","Well, first, his dream, of course tomorrow, would be to win big in several states in the south, maybe break through in Georgia, Alabama, his own state of Arkansas, Oklahoma possibly. He's competitive in West Virginia, where having conventions, maybe even Tennessee. If he could do that, he could stay in the race as a kind of regional candidate and power broker. Otherwise, the main thing he's doing is he's probably taking votes away from Mitt Romney, which is why Mitt Romney keeps trying to say, shoo, to Mike Huckabee in the game, out of the race if he possibly can."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker asks about Mike Huckabee's influence in the race, both in terms of winning and endorsing. The literal meaning of the turn is a straightforward question. However, the implied meaning is that Mike Huckabee's influence in the race may extend beyond winning or endorsing, as he could potentially serve as a regional candidate and power broker if he performs well in certain states. This suggests that Huckabee's role in the race may be more complex and multifaceted than what the question implies.","questions":"What is the implied role of Mike Huckabee in the race, beyond just winning or endorsing?","answer":"Complex"}
{"text":["There are some conversations, some talks. Robert Townsend actually came to the opening, it was like, you know this is a movie, right?You know, this is a movie?You realize this is a movie?I'm like, yeah, I think it is, I think it is.","So, there's conversations about it, but I want people to come out now, and see it in this incarnation, because it's original story telling form. Very much John Leguizamo, I dance in the show, I become 15, 20 different characters, and I actually dip into some other guys. I actually look like the people when I do them. I actually have the elasticity to flip my face up, and be like, wait a minute, he kind of looks like a whole different human being now. The chameleon is here.","All right, on that note, Don, thanks so much.","Thank you so much. Everybody, come on out."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : John Leguizamo has the ability to transform into different characters during his performance.","questions":"How does John Leguizamo change his appearance during the show?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["But there's another debate at the end of this month. She's going to have a lot of pressure on her to perform because some of those Democrats didn't maybe see that debate. They're going to be looking to size her up.","And in that debate, of course, she challenged Vice President Joe Biden. And he did not attend this event. And that might be noteworthy.","Yeah. I mean, he went a more traditional route and decided to speak directly to black voters in a key state. He's campaigning in South Carolina, where 60% of the Democratic electorate is black. And he told them yesterday that he was wrong for comments that he made about working with segregationist senators 40 years ago. How he does in South Carolina, though, is going to be key to his chances. Without it, it's hard to see what his path is for winning the nomination.","All right, let's talk about the Trump administration. They are trying to get this citizenship question onto the U. S.  Census. Now the president says he is considering an executive order. Are there going to be political consequences for this fight?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are not taking her size but are judging her competence.","questions":"What are they judging?","answer":"Competence"}
{"text":["Well, responses have ranged from one person who said Biden was a great pick to another who said Obama made a terrible decision. But it's interesting, Joe Biden was the top choice of our unscientific online poll. We asked who Obama should pick as his VP, and 40 percent of all respondents chose him. So despite how people feel about Biden, I think a lot of people assumed that Obama would pick him. And Hillary Clinton interestingly was the second choice.","Really?As we get close - well, not closer to the convention, we are at the convention now - have you noticed an increase in the online traffic?Because I know people have really been paying attention. But now that we're here, are they really into it?","They are really into it. And everyone has an opinion. And everyone wants to make their opinion known. And that's just what they're doing.","Now, what are some of the things that we're going to be looking forward to, that our bloggers can look forward to on our website this week as part of our convention coverage?","Well, through npr. org, we have complete convention schedule so people know when to set their TiVos. We also have profiles of all the key Democratic players and we're also going to pose photo feeds from the convention floor. This morning, Michelle Obama was getting ready to make her speech and she was testing out the mics. And so we have some photos of that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is a lot of opinion-sharing happening during the convention.","questions":"What is happening during the convention?","answer":"Opinion-sharing"}
{"text":["Yeah. And I had kind of come across this - oh, put that to one side - and once I did look into it, I couldn't put it down because it is dynamite. And it's based primarily - the starting point, the kicking off point is there was a secret cabal of British imperialists and colonialists that wanted to recreate the British Empire. And in 1891, they sat down in a caucus in order to make this happen, they would have to deal with the one emerging power, and that, of course, was Germany. Germany was at that time a rising power, industrialization and evermore world importance. And so the premise of the book is that there was a contrivance from 1891 right through 1914. And it is very, very meticulously documented as to how this was achieved.","Let me ask you about the fiction you've been reading now, including one - a series in which a taxi driver. . .","Oh. . .",". . . Not to my surprise whatsoever, is the hero."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is dynamite implies that the information is very surprising and important","questions":"Which word describes the information in turn 0?","answer":"Surprising"}
{"text":["You can never protect someone by stripping them of their rights. The premise is that unless California lawmakers become complicit in denying California athletes equal rights, then somehow those players will be harmed. And that's just a false premise.","And before we let you go, do you feel like you're making headway?Like, you know, part of the reason you got started with this - you were a former UCLA football player yourself. You saw the NCAA suspend your teammate for accepting a bag of groceries when he had no food. You know, you've seen a lot over the course of time that you've been working on this. And I'm just wondering if you feel like your arguments are making headway. Are people starting to take the questions around how college athletes are treated more seriously?","I do think there's progress. Not as fast as I would like - you know, you look at the multi-year scholarships are now available, the name, image and likeness lawsuit from Ed O'Bannon that resulted in stipends. There's still a ways to go. Let's put it that way. But I do think there's reform. I think a lot of key people are listening, especially lawmakers.","That is Ramogi Huma. He is the founder and executive director of the National College Players Association, an organization founded to advocate for college athletes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Stripping someone of their rights does not protect them.","questions":"What is the premise that is being discussed in turn 0?","answer":"protection"}
{"text":["The hallways may be quiet on both ends of Pennsylvania Avenue, but still plenty of noise coming from your Congress and the president. Here to help us cut through the chatter, NPR senior Washington editor and correspondent Ron Elving. Ron, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning, Scott.","Why is a member of Congress from Michigan front-page news in Israel?","It's front-page news there because our president wants it on the front page back here in the U. S. But let's step back just for a moment. Congress has two new members who are Muslim women and who are outspoken in their support of Palestinians. The president has made them a major target of his Twitter feed. And one of them is Rashida Tlaib from Michigan. She was born in the U. S.  but still has family on the West Bank. She and her colleague Ilhan Omar from Minnesota were going to go to Israel until earlier this week when Israel decided to ban them because of their support for a boycott on Israel.","Now, that decision came right after a tweet from President Trump saying Israel looked weak if it let these two women into their country. And then a day later, the Israelis relented, saying they would let Congresswoman Tlaib visit her grandmother so long as she didn't talk boycotts. And then the congresswoman said she wouldn't go to Israel if she was going to be muzzled. And, of course, the whole business has left a bad taste in many mouths, including those of supporters of Israel in the U. S.  and supporters of the U. S.  in Israel."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Congress and the president are not working at the moment. ","questions":"Which two new members of Congress support Palestinians and were banned from visiting Israel?","answer":"Muslim"}
{"text":["It has been nearly 17 years since Brooklyn, New York's Crown Heights neighborhood was engulfed by riots and recriminations. The neighborhood is a mix of Caribbean-Americans, black Americans, born in the States, and orthodox Jews. In August of 1991, a rabbi's motorcade hit a seven-year-old Guyanese boy named Gavin Cato. He later died from his injuries. Some neighbors believe that the Jewish ambulance crew that arrived slightly before the city ambulance should have taken Cato to the hospital. Within hours of the boy's death, a mob of young black men killed Yankel Rosenbaum, a young orthodox Jewish divinity student. Stores were looted or burnt and dozens of people were injured in the subsequent days.","Flash forward to the present. In the last few weeks, a series of new incidents, admittedly much smaller ones, have put Crown Heights on a small boil. Can members of the black and Jewish communities ease the tensions, and are they willing to try?In a few minutes we'll hear from two of those community leaders. But, first, here to help us untangle the latest Crown Heights affair is New York Post editorial writer Robert George. Hi, Robert.","Hi, Farai, how is it going?","Good. And why don't we talk about this in context. You know, you have the 1991 tensions that broke out, now what exactly is going on today?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : dozens of people implies a very large number of people ","questions":"What was the age of the Guyanese boy involved in the incident mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"7"}
{"text":["Yeah, it did. And when I left, I was so angry at them because I didn't understand. And it wasn't until many years later for me to be able to see where they're coming from.","(Singing) Times have really, really changed, changed.","It feels like the song \"Rebel\" is a little bit about you, too.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The times have changed a lot in society and it is noticeable.","questions":"Which song is mentioned in the dialogue that PersonB thinks is somewhat related to A?","answer":"Rebel"}
{"text":["What is the context?How did you get to know them?And then, describe what you think each of them is like as a person.","I worked with Raila Odinga at the University of Nairobi. President Kibaki, we've had our children go to school together. I think they are both kind people. I don't think - I won't describe any one of them as a bad person at all. They are both kind, but we have this underlying problem we just started talking about that nobody really has ever paid it any attention to. That is of helping people to relate as tribes, as, you know, really seeing - instead of bruiting their differences and, you know, identifying the unity that groups like Kikuyus and the Luos have. They are very different people culturally. How can they walk together?How can they celebrate each other's, you know, differences so that we can forge ahead.","So in other words, even though some peace is going to be created - I know they will - I hope that they are going to start in a school system, teaching people about the different cultural background to ensure that our people move from their own tribal shells towards the national and then the continent.","Let me ask you about the two men that we've been talking about who have so much decision-making power."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of \"tribal shells\" is not clear, but in this context, it means to move away from their narrow-minded or limited views based on their tribal affiliations.","questions":"How does the speaker define \"tribal shells\"?","answer":"limited"}
{"text":["Basically, they give you a lot of freedom. They don't get in your way. The editors encourage in-depth investigative work. They like to hold public officials accountable. They're also willing to go to bat if you need legal help, if you're trying to get records or things like that.","So would you advise young reporters to do what you have done and stick with a local news organization for a decent amount of time?","Yeah. I think at least a year. Sometimes two years is a good point to kind of reconsider your options. We thought that we were just going to be here for a year, but this paper has a history of crusading investigative reporting, strong local journalism. Our late publisher Ned Chilton coined this phrase called sustained outrage, and that's sort of hammering away at an injustice until it's righted.","People who can manage to stay mad for a long time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People who can manage to stay passionate and motivated to bring about change, despite the length of time it takes.","questions":"Which word describes the quality of individuals who sustain passion and motivation for a long time to bring about change?","answer":"dedication"}
{"text":["It is largely an age distinction. There are younger people who think that our geography has now trumped our history. We are in the world where it's more relevant than the ties we used to have. But for an older generation, those ties are really important, especially when it comes to war, and World War I and World War II, and New Zealand lost more soldiers per the population than most countries in the world. And they died and served under that flag.","Well, what are some of the alternatives that have been proposed?","The prime minister, John Key, here is a big fan of the silver fern. We have a symbol that we use on our sporting outfits. And one of our major teams, which is literally of a plant, a wee fern plant on a black background. For others, though, that's a bit too much like a brand or a logo than really a sovereign flag. There are artists who have come up with sort of designs of white skies and - 'cause, you know, it's also known as (Foreign language spoken) in Maori, the land of the long white cloud. There are Maori, the native people here, have independence flag that are talked about. So, quite a lot of options on the table to be debated.","Who gets to choose?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The prime minister, John Key, here is a big fan of the silver fern. We have a symbol that we use on our sporting outfits. And one of our major teams, which is literally of a plant, a wee fern plant on a black background. For others, though, that's a bit too much like a brand or a logo than really a sovereign flag. There are artists who have come up with sort of designs of white skies and - 'cause, you know, it's also known as (Foreign language spoken) in Maori, the land of the long white cloud. There are Maori, the native people here, have independence flag that are talked about. So, quite a lot of options on the table to be debated.  The implied meaning in this turn is that some people perceive the silver fern as more of a commercial symbol or branding rather than a true representation of national sovereignty. The mention of alternative designs, such as white skies representing the \"land of the long white cloud,\" and the discussion of independence flags for the Maori people, suggests a range of options for consideration. The literal meaning would focus on the description of different symbols and designs being discussed.","questions":"How is the silver fern perceived by some people?","answer":"Branding"}
{"text":["Well, Lyrics Born, thanks so much.","Thank you. My pleasure.","Rapper and producer Lyrics Born's new album is \"Everywhere At Once. \"He joined us from the studios at UC Berkeley School of Journalism.","(Rapping) I came a long way From eating off-brand rice I came a long way From writing fourth grade rhymes I came a long way To get my pay grade high Baby, you ain't never heard me come the same way twice."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Lyrics Born has come a long way from his humble beginnings.","questions":"Which artist has a new album titled \"Everywhere At Once\"?","answer":"Lyrics-Born"}
{"text":["Yes. I mean, it's an insurmountable difference. I sell Canadian lobsters most of the year. I probably sell more Canadian lobsters than I sell U. S.  lobsters. But I can't sell Canadian lobsters to China either, which is kind of defeating the purpose. And conversely, they made it so the Canadians could sell a U. S.  lobster as a Canadian. So it's like you got double screwed. That's really disheartening.","Have you been in touch with your buyers or your former buyers in China?What have they been telling you?","We've tried to keep in touch with them all along because it's always been - you never knew when this was going to end. There was no defined end. And it's just gone on and on and on. And everybody was getting a little hopeful that we might have some resolution in the next couple of months. And we had the tweets this weekend, which pretty much put the kibosh on that. So you sink back into despair.","I imagine you have been tracking very closely every development of these trade talks. Have you reached out to the Trump administration or any members of Congress to tell them that things are getting extremely tight for the lobster business now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is frustrated because they cannot sell Canadian lobsters to China due to trade restrictions, even though they sell a lot of Canadian lobsters","questions":"What type of lobsters does the speaker sell more of most of the year?","answer":"Canadian"}
{"text":["What is - let's start with this. What is your personal collection to the work and the images in this book?","Well, to me this was a labor of love. I've been living in the U. S. I came back to England. It's my homeland. I came back to London, my home city, and I felt that the culture of the young black people in particular here were suffering from a kind of deficit, historically speaking.","There were younger people in my neighborhood who were bereft of history, who took their idea of themselves from watching their kind of generic hip-hop video material that they got from the video screen rather than really inquiring into the particular history and experience of our communities in this country.","As I looked at the book, I was trying to find a theme, and I don't know if I found one or not. What was, in your view, the major trends or themes that you saw unfolding over the century that are depicted in these photographs?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : None of the words in turn (4) have a different meaning from their literal meanings.","questions":"How was turn 4 different from its literal meaning?","answer":"Literal"}
{"text":["Being an African-American police officer is one of the most difficult things that you'll do because there are African-American police officers all around this country and in this city who I talk to on a daily bases that, even before recent history, believe that there were issues between police officers and young black men. And one of the things that I think creates the problem - I've heard the word utilized a lot in describing the relationship - is that African-American men and particularly young men - say late teens to early-to-mid-30s - are - the word used is demonized.","And there are black officers that you talk to on a daily basis who will tell you that it's tough. I see this, and I still have to be accepted. I still have to be a part of the police culture, living in two worlds.","But I'll say that if you're a black police officer in America, there are some difficulties simply because you know that your race and gender has been on the receiving end of some very serious and questionable uses of force, whether they be deadly or just plain force used to make an arrest. So it is seen as something that - a burden that we carry as African-American men who also work in police profession.","Lieutenant Thomas Glover is president of the Black Police Association of Greater Dallas. Lieutenant Glover, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Turn A: The implied meaning is that being a black police officer in America can be difficult because of the historical and ongoing use of excessive force against people of color, which can make it hard to reconcile one's identity as a black person with one's role as a police officer","questions":"What is one of the difficulties faced by African-American police officers in America?","answer":"difficulties"}
{"text":["Dr.  Michael Jacobson is president of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a nonprofit group that advocates for safer and healthier foods. Thanks for being with us.","Thanks for having me, Scott.","Looking back on these studies, were they just wrong?","The studies really skewed the evidence at the time. And I think it was unfortunate that these papers were published because they influenced the public discussion about the health impact of sugar.","The question that news of a study like this, I think, raises for everybody is, how do you know what information to trust?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (\"Thanks for having me, Scott.\") is a polite expression used to thank the interviewer for the invitation to appear on the show, even though the interviewer did not actually \"have\" the guest in any literal sense. ","questions":"How did PersonA express gratitude towards Scott?","answer":"Thanks"}
{"text":[". . . Entities. . .","Correct.",". . . Like - nongovernmental groups like terrorist organizations.","Yeah, the terrorist organizations or. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Agreement between A and B on the existence of non-governmental entities","questions":"What did PersonB mention besides non-governmental groups?","answer":"terrorist"}
{"text":["So, yeah, just for the people who don't know, New Faces is a place where, like, up-and-coming comedians can perform in front of agents and people who can, like, change their life essentially, right?So his set was 50% I'm bad at sex, I'm, like, kind of pudgy and I feel weird about it - right - and, like, very, very well-mined place for comedy. And the other 50% of his comedy was about how he's from Mechanicsburg, Pa. , and he just moved to New York. And he's sort of, like, straddling the line between his, like, racist stuff - his uncle's posts on Facebook - and, like, the aggressively woke friends he's making now in New York and just sort of trying to traverse the two worlds.","And his set got - you know, I put him on the list because his set got a lot of laughs. He has great, like, timing. And, like, the aggressive energy that's in his podcast was sort of, like, shaved off just enough, you know?","Did you hear him make any actual racist comments during his set?","Every sort of, like, racist comments were sort of, like, couched in, like, oh, my uncle just hates Kaepernick - like, that sort of thing - like, in the voice of."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : He used racist language but tried to hide it behind humor.","questions":"Which type of comments did the comedian make during his set?","answer":"Racist"}
{"text":["Some of that is after 9\/11, but you know, a lot more flags and a lot more talking about America's mission to do good around the world. You hear it from secretaries of state down to ordinary people. That's new. That wasn't there before.","But there's also pushback to that too. So there's a bit more - I noticed a little bit more serious engagement among people in the - certainly in Washington and policy circles who are talking more about how the U. S.  and the world should interact. There wasn't much of that before. It was more the U. S.  sort of saying we should do this, this is how it's going to be, we're laying down the law.","So there's changes going on, but these changes are mirrored by changes all over the world. So there's nothing particularly unique about what's going on in the U. S.","I remember speaking to you, I think it was about two and a half years ago, and you were reporting on - from one of the most stultified regions in the world, where nothing seemed to change, decades of ossification in the Arab societies around the Middle East. And you now live in one of the most, for better or for worse, dynamic places in the world."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Lay down the law\" is an expression meaning the U.S. wouldn't listen to the needs of other countries, but would tell them what to do.","questions":"How was the U.S. interacting before the changes mentioned in turn 1?","answer":"Laying"}
{"text":["The likelihood that the law was going to get struck down was one of the factors that contributed to the council's decision to repeal it. But there were also many groups that came together to push for the repeal.","Mr.  Muchmore, I'm told you also have a laundromat in your bar.","I do have a small laundromat in the back. It's a New Orleans thing. I grew up in New Orleans, and there a lot of the bars have laundries so that while you're doing your laundry, you can have a beer or a coffee and get to know your neighbors.","How are you going to celebrate?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) The council's decision to repeal the law was influenced by several factors, one of which was the likelihood that the law would be deemed unconstitutional and struck down. Additionally, there were various groups advocating for the repeal of the law.","questions":"What was one of the factors that contributed to the council's decision to repeal the law?","answer":"Likelihood"}
{"text":["My pleasure, Scott.","Tell us about Don McGahn, if we could. He was the campaign's lawyer, right?","He was. He built a career here in Washington representing a lot of politicians on campaign finance and ethics issues. One of his more prominent clients was Tom DeLay, the former House majority leader, a Texan better known as The Hammer.","The Hammer."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: Please provide us with information about Don McGahn, as he was the campaign's lawyer, correct?","questions":"What was Don McGahn's occupation?","answer":"Lawyer"}
{"text":["And, of course, in \"Hamlet\" there's that famous play within a play, which, in my version, was a book within a book. And in this book, in \"Romeo And\/Or Juliet,\" there's actually two books within a book. When Juliet is taking that sleeping potion, she's out of the play for 42 hours. And while she's knocked out, she has a dream, which is \"A Midsummer Night's Dream. \"And you can play through that as Juliet in her subconscious.","And when Romeo's banished to Mantua, he's also kicked out of the narrative for a while. And he can visit the library and read a book called \"Fair Is Foul And\/Or Foul Is Fair\" which is obviously \"Macbeth\" done in this format. So I tried to cram all the Shakespeare I could into this because I'm not sure there's that many other plays that would lend themselves so easily to this format.","It has to be a play with which people are generally familiar, too.","Well, that's the fun of it, right, because you know what these characters are supposed to be like. And when you kind of push them off the rails a little bit, there's a sense of breaking the rules that's a lot of fun, I think. It's fun to write (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn 4, \"It's fun to write (laughter)\" implies that the speaker enjoys writing a story which challenges the conventional expectations of the characters.","questions":"Which aspect of writing does the speaker enjoy?","answer":"Challenges"}
{"text":["Yes. In fact, by far. And that's why the Senate's version of this tax bill largely prevailed in the negotiations with the House over the last few weeks. Before those began, the Senate vote was just a bare majority before they had that big sit-down with the other chamber. And there were several Republican senators on the fence about it, even as yesterday morning dawned. That would include Bob Corker of Tennessee, Marco Rubio of Florida, Susan Collins of Maine.","But now Corker and Rubio are fully on board. Rubio got some more money for the child tax credit. And Bob Corker was objecting to the deficit increase, which is kind of still there, but he says it won't be, maybe, that bad. And he is, of course, a good Republican and a businessman. And he has to like a lot of what's in this bill.","Is this the bill Republicans feel they need to say that they can govern when they have control of the Senate, the House and the presidency?","Indeed. It shows that they can pass a big and complicated piece of legislation that they promised to pass and do it with just their own majorities in both the House and the Senate. It should satisfy the hardcore support base and the donor class that has been growing restive in recent months since the Obamacare repeal failure. And, of course, the jury is out on how many other people it's going to satisfy, including the wage-earners who voted for Donald Trump last year, believing he would be their champion."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) The actual meaning is that Republicans may see this tax bill as an opportunity to demonstrate their ability to govern, having control of the Senate, the House, and the presidency.","questions":"What is the purpose of the tax bill for Republicans?","answer":"Govern"}
{"text":["I felt that way, sometimes the way she looked at me. But you know, writing this book, I also discovered her vulnerability, that despite her domineering personality, she suffered all her life from a lack, her own mother having died when she was so very young; her first husband, with whom she was so much in love on the first night of their wedding, discovering that he was going to die of a disease that he had never told her about before their wedding. And she always wanted to be a public woman, an independent woman, and that dream was never fulfilled. So, I realized how much she tried to invest in me. And that put a great burden on me, but in some ways, she gave a lot in order for me to become independent and to fulfill her dream in a sense. So, finishing this book, I feel maybe I was not as much as a disappointment as I sometimes feel I was.","And where was your father in this, in all this?I mean, you write in your book that you were very, very close with him. And I'm just wondering, you have this very intense, tortured relationship with your mother. . .","Yeah.","And where is your father?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite her domineering personality, she suffered from a lack","questions":"Which quality did the speaker discover in their mother while writing the book?","answer":"invest"}
{"text":["Yeah, you're like daddy stubbed his toe. Go back to sleep.","Would you ever consider - it sounds like you have in the past, but at this point, are you looking to find love, and at what - how would that have to fit into you already having a family?","Yeah, I think about that a lot. And that's really the lesson for me from this book is that I'm still an incurable romantic, but I'm now an incurable romantic about my kids.","A lot of the pressure that was on my relationships before has been relieved now because I know that I'm not going to grow old alone. As long as I can keep my kids loving me, I've got that part taken care of."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Yeah, you're like daddy stubbed his toe. Go back to sleep.\"  This turn uses figurative language or idiomatic expressions, where \"daddy stubbed his toe\" means something went wrong or painful, but not necessarily related to an actual physical injury. It is not meant to be taken literally.","questions":"What does the figurative language used in turn 0 mean?","answer":"Meaning"}
{"text":["The writer Michael Kinsley, who's a friend of this program, wrote about the surge a few months ago. Look at the numbers before the surge. Look at the numbers after the surge. This is what the Bush administration calls a success. One hundred and thirty thousand Americans in Iraq at the beginning and at the end. This country will still have about 130,000 soldiers - American soldiers in Iraq. Michael Kinsley said, have we really succeeded anything or have we just kind of changed the metric in some way?","Oh my Lord. I mean, what we have in Iraq, and I just got back, you know, less than two weeks ago. What we have in Iraq is a government that is elected by its people. It's the only Arab-Muslim country of that type, of that form of government in that region. It will have a long- term security relationship and a strategic relationship with the United States and be aligned with the United States. That is a major positive outcome for us, particularly given the fact that in 2006 we nearly lost the country and suffered a humiliating defeat.","Things do look an awful lot different than they did two years ago. You had a significant role in that, in thinking about what should be done at a time when it was a very unpopular plan to be putting forth. No one was - there wasn't a very big cheering squad for that. I wonder if you sit back on an evening now and feel some kind of sense of satisfaction?What is that?'","Well, I think there were a lot of people that, you know, have a hand in it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The government in Iraq is a major positive outcome for the US.","questions":"Which country has a government that is a major positive outcome for the US?","answer":"Iraq"}
{"text":["'Cause there are a lot of industries now that can point to the fact that they are using fewer people to sometimes produce even greater revenues.","Well, that's what using fewer people will sometimes do. It certainly will - using fewer people will increase the productivity of the people that you are using. And we had been living through an age where we are adapting to a transformative technology - the Internet. I mean, this has enormous effects on the workplace. But, you know, I'm a mere writer. I wouldn't even know how to begin to answer the question you just asked; how much of this is a fundamental shift in the economy and how much of it is a result of the way we've led our financial lives?","Michael Lewis, what should, in your mind, Americans learn from the financial crisis in Europe?","The thing that has interested me the most is the role of the big financial institutions in our economy. I think over the period of the last several decades, they have spun out of control; that they are too big to fail, which means that the normal sort of mechanism of a market economy is not allowed to work in a financial sector. That normal mechanism is creative destruction. It's, you know, someone builds a better one and the old one dies. And I would have thought the big lesson from the period of 2007, 2008 is that we can't really build an economy based on such institutions. It's like building your house on sand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A's statement \"Well, that's what using fewer people will sometimes do\" implies a sarcastic tone, suggesting that using fewer people is not always a positive thing and can have negative consequences, despite B's initial statement seeming to praise it as a productivity booster. Additionally, A's response is somewhat evasive, indicating that they do not feel qualified to answer the question posed to them.","questions":"How does PersonA's response indicate their lack of qualifications to answer PersonB's question?","answer":"Evasive"}
{"text":["Yeah. And that took a lot out of my legs. I was pretty fatigued by the end of the game, and I'm feeling it today.","And do - I bet you are a little tired.","But at - towards the end of the game, where you aware of the record?And where you aware you'd broken it?","I wasn't aware, actually. I think I was just so tired and so focused on scoring the basketball. There's a stretch late in the second half where I think I hit seven or eight consecutive threes, and I knew something special was going on after that."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"I bet you are a little tired\" - This expression is a form of a rhetorical question that is not meant to be answered. It is a way of showing empathy or understanding for the speaker's situation, rather than actually asking if they are tired.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's statement about feeling fatigued after the game?","answer":"Empathy"}
{"text":["Oh anywhere in the blood stream would be fine. The only question would be is it better if it's just floating, as you say, or would it be better to put in a very tiny micro drug-coated stent and keep it somewhere, you know, like in the wrist or someplace that's accessible. So that is another - which one of those paths is better is still not clear.","Are there any dangers associated, that we know of, of putting a sensor like that in our body?","Well, multiple centers are doing it, and there's already, you know, models being done in animal studies, and there doesn't appear to be any danger, and it goes even beyond heart attack. You could pick up antibodies before diabetes is struck in auto-immune diabetes or cancer cells. So there's a lot of things that it has potential for if we can get these nano chips to last a long time, powered by the blood, the movement of the blood, so there's no other power need, which is also a big advance.","For people with heart disease, do you have a sense of how much is sort of genetics, the stuff you're born with, and how much are environmental effects?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is expressing concern about the safety implications of putting a sensor in the body, and is seeking more information on the subject from A","questions":"How is PersonB reacting to the idea of putting a sensor in the body?","answer":"Concern"}
{"text":["It is an example of how we can work together, from the scientific side, to generate very good data and answer the hard questions. As (inaudible) asked - are the things we do really impacting positively?It is also an example of how governments have worked together. When President Obama, Prime Minister Harper and the President Pena Nieto got together a couple of years ago, they signed this agreement. They established a high-level committee that has been working for these years. And we really wish we could have more of those cases. It certainly is an example to follow.","Just to remind our listeners, though, the numbers are still way down from where they were 20 years ago, so there's still a long way to go.","Jorge Rickards is field programs director from the World Wildlife Fund in Mexico. Thanks so much for speaking with us.","It's a pleasure. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the World Wildlife Fund in Mexico's field programs director, Jorge Rickards, has expertise and valuable insights to share on the topic of wildlife conservation.","questions":"Which organization's field programs director is Jorge Rickards?","answer":"World-Wildlife-Fund"}
{"text":["I'm delighted.","The two countries have narrowed their differences and that presumably includes Crimea, Ukraine, Syria. How does narrowing their differences sound to you?","It sounds hopeful but far from definitive. We have a long way to go to resolve our disagreements on either one of these two issues. But at least it is movement in the right direction. And it has in it the potential for being quite constructive in its consequences.","Does it involve any change in Russian behavior or policy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implies that A is being asked if the progress made involves any change in Russian behavior or policy.","questions":"Which country's behavior or policy is being questioned in the conversation?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Now let's turn to West Africa. For more than a decade, Liberia has been struggling to recover from civil war. It has a female head of state now, and it also has big supporters in the U. S.  One of them is Bob Johnson, who founded and later sold Black Entertainment Television. Now he's building a four-star beachfront resort near Liberia's capital, Monrovia. Bob Johnson recently told me why he decided to invest millions of dollars in Liberia's economy.","It's part of a commitment I made to President Johnson Sirleaf and the people of Liberia, to help Liberia recover from some 13, 14 years of civil war. And it came about as a result of my participation, as well as President Sirleaf's participation in President Clinton's global initiative that he hosts every year in New York. And the charter is, do something, small or large, but do something. And so my something is to help Liberia.","What are we talking about in terms of the kind of money it takes to make this happen?","We are putting in approximately 12 to 13 million dollars in the construction of this hotel and the opening of the hotel, which is scheduled for March of '09. It'll be an 86-room hotel, as I said, situated on the beach, great facility for everybody from government officials and expats who want to go back and visit Liberia, as well as business people who are looking to do business in post-conflict Liberia.","So, do you expect to get a tourist crowd eventually?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Bob Johnson is fulfilling his commitment to Liberia by investing in its economy","questions":"How is Bob Johnson supporting Liberia?","answer":"Investment"}
{"text":["Like what, as you see it?","Well, there are a few things. First of all, ABC did try to get the case dismissed in the early going and the judge declined to do that. They tried to remove the case to federal court, which is a pretty well accepted strategy. But they couldn't remove it to federal court. So they were going to end up trying the case, really, in the plaintiff's backyard. So I think that those were risks combined with the fact that there's obviously a great deal of sort of free floating anti-media sentiment out there these days, which is hard to quantify. And the amount that was being requested by the plaintiff was, you know, billions, literally, billions of dollars.","Does a large settlement like this just embolden other people to sue media companies?","Well, I think that after we see a large verdict or a large settlement, we do tend to see an uptick. Many plaintiffs and their lawyers think that maybe media entities are easy get-rich-quick targets. I think that's a mistake."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : asking if there is a general perception that media companies are easy targets for lawsuits.","questions":"What is the risk associated with trying a case in the plaintiff's backyard?","answer":"Jurisdiction"}
{"text":["Yeah.","He said she's obsessed with divorce. Everyone in her family's divorced. Some of them are divorced twice. Her parents got divorced when she was 6. I don't like to think that a divorce haunted me. And yet look at me. This somehow became my art. And then, I looked at the sort of evidence. And, this year, I've been married for 13 years, which is the year my parents got divorced. And now I feel like I'm in this sort of unknowable land. What are you supposed to do now?","I must say - as the days roll by and Rachel doesn't return and sends no word, you find yourself - I found myself as a reader going from worry about where she was, what might have happened, to anger.","Right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is worried about their own marriage","questions":"How does the speaker feel about their marriage?","answer":"Art"}
{"text":["So they believe in the rapture. And unless they stick to Brethren rules and have no contact with the outside world, they'll be left behind in the rapture. So that's essentially them. They're very conservative, very secretive.","So this new leader - when he took over, what kind of things did he change?","He upped all the stakes, really. He decided that the Brethren were not being hardline enough, that they weren't being separate enough. And he enforced the rule that if you had a teenager in your house who had been raised in the Brethren but was not yet breaking bread - i. e. , fully compliant - you couldn't eat with them. You couldn't eat with non-Brethren outside. You couldn't go to the cinema or have radios or television or newspapers.","So effectively, he not only separated off the Brethren from all contact with the outside world - you know, they might have been able before to have worked for non-Brethren. Now they had to work for other Brethren. And there was a great deal more compliance and surveillance as well. There's a lot of mass confessions. There are a lot of punishments for noncompliant behavior."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"mass confessions\" - This phrase refers to a practice where members of the Brethren confess their sins publicly in front of the congregation. The literal meaning would be a large number of confessions happening at once.","questions":"What is the practice called where members of the Brethren confess their sins publicly in front of the congregation?","answer":"Mass-confessions"}
{"text":["So, you're skeptical about a car czar. You think that there should be loans, though, with strict provisions attached to them.","Right, right.","What else?What else needs to be done?I mean, this is a massive, massive problem, and two of the three are facing extinction at this point.","Don't forget, what's putting them in this condition is the economic, you know, the economic condition of the nation right now. But the kind of fixed-cost structure that these auto companies have is massive, massive losses that have to do with what's happening to demand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning.","questions":"What is the condition that is affecting the auto companies?","answer":"Economic"}
{"text":["Exactly. Well, they, you know, they have a head start in knowing at least that they're meant to be living in the nervous system, which means that there's a little bit of built-in safety and stability that may not quite exist in cells. They can become and kind cell to.","And how long are they effective for in the life of the mice they're injected into?","Well, in the mice that we've looked at, they were effective throughout the lifespan of the animal. So they were present, having their action and, you know, ultimately the animals do die. But it raises the question of, well, what about if we re-dose the animals?Would we have an even longer effect?Would we increase even the area that the stem cells were able to engraft in?Would we have a better effect?You know, that is where the investigations now need to go.","All right. Dr.  Snyder, thank you for taking time to be with is today and happy holiday to you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Further investigation needed to determine if stem cells can have longer effects","questions":"How long can stem cells be effective in mice?","answer":"Lifespan"}
{"text":["As a matter of fact, some of the Newark city council came to New York and also spoke with African-American politicians up in Albany about this guy's record. And that (unintelligible) pretty thoroughly.","Now, let me - we don't have too much time left, so I just want to ask you this. Is this a situation - you've obviously chosen to profile Mayor Booker - is this a situation where he has a political future outside of Newark?Do you se him moving in a direction where he will eventually run for some other office?","I think he absolutely means to. And I think he is one - all politicians brim with ambition, and he is no exception. I think he has chosen for himself a nearly impossible task. And if he manages to pull that off, it's a pretty solid credential.","All right. Peter Boyer, thanks so much.","Certainly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : - to say that Booker has chosen for himself a nearly impossible task implies that he has set himself a difficult challenge which will require a great deal of effort and determination to succeed.","questions":"Which task did Booker set for himself?","answer":"Challenge"}
{"text":["It sounded great. It's actually pretty good.","Isn't it?","Oh, I kind of shocked myself here.","That's Brad Leone of Bon Appetit. You can watch his show \"It's Alive: Goin' Places. \"Look for it on Apple TV or wherever you stream your shows."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  In this context, \"shocked myself\" is not meant literally, but figuratively. It is meant to imply that the speaker was pleasantly surprised by their own work.","questions":"How did the speaker feel about their work in turn 2?","answer":"Figuratively"}
{"text":["But what nobody really knows is what happened beforehand. How did we get there?What did it take, you know, to stand up against two major institutions, to stand up against law enforcement agencies, multiple law enforcement agencies that had botched prior investigations and silenced victims?And that was what I really wanted to tell.","And it was hard to see at times because it was perpetrated by a physician. In the book, you write about how you first realized that abuse was taking place. It took you a while to understand what was happening to you because it was under the guise of medical care.","You write, quote, while I knew something had happened to me that was wrong, \"I didn't know yet that the penetration and everything I'd written off as pelvic floor therapy were anything but legitimate. I was, however, certain that no one would care about a teenage girl getting groped. Anyone could look around and know that. The sexual harassment and objectification of women were constantly downplayed. \"","Rachael, it sounds like there were a couple of difficult things happening here - first, acknowledging the abuse to yourself and then thinking that you wouldn't be believed even if you told someone."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : she was raped and doctor given given the false statement about it","questions":"Which person was given a false statement about the rape?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["It's - conservative - that about eight to 10,000 people died. And that this, to this day, is still the greatest natural disaster to hit this country in terms of devastation, in terms of death toll. It's almost hard to fathom how incredible - the power of this storm and what it did. It literally wiped a city off the map.","And you point out that after this happened, the idea that, you know, that Galveston really had only itself to blame. I mean, this was a natural port, and it was built on a sandbar. It was in most places only about 8 feet above sea level. And to have built it there in the first place would be crazy, and they rebuilt it anyway.","It really was a feat of engineering and of sheer willpower that they constructed a seawall - a 17-foot seawall that ran about three miles. But that wasn't enough. They realized that to protect downtown, they were going to have to raise it. So they literally raised about 500 buildings anywhere from 8 to 18 inches so that it was less susceptible to flooding.","As a weatherman, do you think that you can say now that what happened to Galveston is impossible, that it won't happen again?I don't mean that the storms won't happen again. I mean, Hurricane Katrina was a hideous storm that killed a lot of people, and the property loss was terrible. But do you think that the lessons of storms like that, but especially of Galveston, mean that the loss of life and property on that scale really isn't likely to happen again?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"But do you think that the lessons of storms like that, but especially of Galveston, mean that the loss of life and property on that scale really isn't likely to happen again?\" - The literal meaning of this turn is whether the lessons from Galveston and similar storms will prevent a recurrence of such a disaster. The actual meaning is whether the efforts to mitigate the effects of such disasters can prevent such high levels of loss of life and property.","questions":"How does turn 3 redefine the meaning of the lessons from Galveston?","answer":"Mitigate"}
{"text":["What does Disney get?I mean, what that had the label Fox on it goes over to Disney?","So this is a $71. 3 billion deal, and it involves two of the biggest studios in Hollywood. So there's a lot of names involved in this in TV and film that folks will recognize. So Disney gets outlets like 20th Century Fox Television, which produces shows like \"Empire\" and \"Modern Family. \"They get Fox animation and National Geographic partners. Now, Fox, meanwhile, has created this slimmed-down company to include a lot of the stuff that Disney didn't buy. So they have Fox News Channel, Fox Business network, the Fox broadcast network and Fox Sports. And in fact, the former speaker of the House Paul Ryan was named to the board of that new Fox Corporation.","So Rupert Murdoch's family which, of course, has controlled Fox - Murdoch keeps the stuff which, we can imagine, is closest to his heart, like the Fox News Channel and gets rid of some of this other stuff.","Right, a company that's a little more focused on news and sports."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Rupert Murdoch's family has given up some of their media outlets, like 20th Century Fox Television, in the deal, but kept the outlets closest to their heart, like Fox News Channel.","questions":"Which media outlet did Rupert Murdoch's family keep in the deal?","answer":"Fox-News"}
{"text":["And so he's been - there's a debate. I've said, you know, I don't know - it's ongoing. I don't know how active it is, you know, about whether he should be given credit for the germ theory of disease.","Instead of Pasteur, who came later.","That's right, yeah.","Yeah, oh, so he saw something, didn't know what they were, but he thought that's how they - this spread from one person to another, through these little worms or something."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Louis Pasteur is often given credit for the germ theory of disease instead of the person being discussed","questions":"How is Louis Pasteur commonly attributed?","answer":"Pasteur"}
{"text":["Yeah, it looks absolutely beautiful.","'Cause I've seen this painting - it's enormous. (Laughter) And I'm trying to picture, A, what that's like for people and, B, why you thought it was important for the public to see it as it was happening.","Well, I think there's two factors. And one is that the painting is - it's very large. So you know, removing it from the galleries would also present a certain amount of risk. And the other thing is that it's not really possible at this time to say how long the research or the treatment will actually take. All in all, this is really the best possible scenario to actually treat it in the galleries, where it can be followed by the public. I think the public actually find it fascinating to look behind the scenes.","I'm sure you couldn't have imagined that the painting would have been attacked with a bread knife, and you're doing quite the operation here. So what are some of the challenges and obstacles that, you know, are making you guys nervous?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is implying that the painting is so large that it's difficult to picture how it looks, not that it's physically impossible for A to imagine it. B is also implying that A may have thought it was important for the public to see the painting because of its size, not necessarily because of its significance.","questions":"Which aspect of the painting's display was PersonB questioning when they mentioned the difficulty in picturing it?","answer":"looks"}
{"text":["Jay Austin and Lauren Geoghegan were both 29. For years, they worked desk jobs in Washington, D. C.  - Lauren at the admissions office at Georgetown University, Jay at the Department of Housing and Urban Development. In their travel blog, they wrote that they wanted to live life on simpler, more deliberate terms and see the globe in an inexpensive, sustainable and gratifying way. They wanted to bike it. Back in 2015, Jay Austin showed an NPR reporter around his house as part of a feature on the tiny house movement.","That's the parlor over there, seating for about seven or so, two couches.","All 143 square feet of it. Jay Austin believed in tiny homes.","I think it's really been great to have kind of not a very complex, not a very expensive space but to have the ability to have easy access to nature. If I am feeling like I have cabin fever, I open my front door."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The parlor is small despite seating for seven.","questions":"Which room in Jay Austin's tiny house has seating for about seven or so despite being small?","answer":"Parlor"}
{"text":["No, he has not. And. . .","How are you going to get him to do it?","Well, I'm not worried about process. We expect to be able to get all the information we want. It'll be sooner or later. I hope it'll be sooner, not later. But I can guarantee you one of the things that we can guarantee is we're not going to sit idly by and allow this kind of obstruction.","If everything goes the way you would like it to unfold in the House - if the president is impeached and then Republicans in the Senate protect him, does that end up playing right into the White House's hands?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They are not going to do nothing while the obstruction is going on.","questions":"How are they going to respond to the obstruction?","answer":"Respond"}
{"text":["There's something magical about that part of a meal that really seems to have inspired the book. Like, the beginning, when everyone is, like, just arriving and gathering and, like, what you want to serve in a moment like that.","Yeah. I mean, even just hearing you describe it that way, it's the best moment of a party. So, you know, everyone's hugging and kissing, and there's catching up and clinking of wine glasses. And it's just the best moment. And I think when those first platters of food start to roll out of the kitchen, it's just a celebration.","Do you ever really sit down, or is it constant movement, like, more plates coming out and just kind of wandering around and eating and talking?","What I love about antipasti is that even in a restaurant, oftentimes they'll have sort of a big communal table in the center of the restaurant, and they'll allow you to come up with, you know, your plate and a big spoon and just kind of point to or pick through and serve yourself whatever you want from the antipasti spread. So that's kind of the most interactive moment of the meal, which is maybe also why it's one of my favorites."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"There's something magical about that part of a meal\" - The speaker is expressing their emotional response to a particular part of a meal and not actually talking about any magic that might be involved.","questions":"What is the PersonA's emotional response to a particular part of a meal?","answer":"enjoyable"}
{"text":["I think that - I would like to see in a penal system where they had - a separate penal system for those people who have been convicted of drug crimes, non-violent drug crimes, where they address the addictive nature of whatever they're on and have them on probation and ease them out of the penal system with very severe probation conditions so you can address the addiction and the behavior and environment that invite continuing use, even though an addict is trying to change.","Well, Judge, always good to talk to you. Thank you.","Always. Thank you.","Judge Lynn Toler is the star of \"Divorce Court. \"She's also the author of \"My Mother's Rules: A Practical Guide to Becoming an Emotional Genius\" and she joined us from radio station KJZZ in Tempe, Arizona."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Proposes a different approach to dealing with non-violent drug crimes.","questions":"How does PersonA suggest addressing drug addiction in non-violent drug criminals?","answer":"Probation"}
{"text":["Most Americans agree Congress should do something to try to end gun violence. There is wide support for a range of ideas, including keeping tabs on or limiting who can get a gun and making it easier for police and family members to temporarily take guns away from people who may hurt themselves or others - what's known as red flag laws. There's more division on other proposals. We all - we know all of this because of a new NPR\/PBS NewsHour\/Marist poll.","NPR senior political editor and correspondent Domenico Montanaro has dug into the numbers. He joins us now. Hey, Domenico.","Hey, Ailsa.","OK. So I want to start where there is some agreement. Let's just start positive for now. What does this poll tell us?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Let's focus on the areas of agreement before discussing divisive issues.","questions":"What should the discussion focus on first?","answer":"Agreement"}
{"text":["But I understand the point that you're making. She drill - she drilled that into. . .","You know what I'm saying?She drummed that - she drilled that into us. . .","There you go.","One blow, you go. You don't examine; you don't wonder. You run, and you come home, and then we talk from there. And that needs to be - you have to have a line in the sand that is clearly drawn from a young age. And I don't think that happened."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : something was done repeatedly over and over so it became second nature","questions":"How did the person in the dialogue emphasize the importance of having a clear line in the sand from a young age?","answer":"Drilled"}
{"text":["Well, there was a line of thunderstorms that was moving across Oklahoma. And most people were aware of it. But it spun up this brief tornado called a QLCS tornado. These are the specific kinds of tornadoes that happen in these lines of thunderstorms. And they're known for being brief and weak. But they're also known for coming with very little warning.","And this came at night. It only stayed on the ground for just four minutes. It was only 75 yards wide. But it hit right at this point - if you look on either one side or the other side of this 75-yard section, there's a car lot and a boat lot. It hit a motel and a trailer park. So two people died, and it was terrible.","And do you know what the situation is today in El Reno, how they're doing?","Well, they had already activated their severe weather plan. And this town is well-practiced because it was hit just six years ago by the largest tornado on record. They were already dealing with flooding that had happened earlier in the week. The governor of Oklahoma visited today. And President Donald Trump did call Governor Kevin Stitt while he was out and about saying that the nation's prayers were with Oklahoma.","And I imagine everybody who was in this trailer park has had to find somewhere else to stay for the meantime."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : El Reno is a town that is well-practiced in dealing with severe weather and natural disasters.","questions":"Which town was hit by the largest tornado on record?","answer":"ElReno"}
{"text":["Before we started recording, you were telling me a story about talking to Dr.  King while he was shaving.","Oh. Well, I've been in his room. . .","Yeah.",". . . When he was shaving. I've been in Dr.  Abernathy's room. Dr.  Abernathy would put more lather on his face. And he didn't smell quite as mild as Dr.  King (laughter), you know?I can just - I didn't have no reason to think I could be remembering that - anything like that. I was just a young fella just caught up in the movement. And it was just an honor to be able to just see Dr.  King, as well as to go up to his room with somebody. It wasn't by myself during that time. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implies that A had already been in Dr. King's and Dr. Abernathy's room before, while","questions":"How many rooms had PersonA been in before according to the implied meaning of the turn?","answer":"Two"}
{"text":["What's the recipe for a star?How do you make one?","Really all you need is cold gas and to be left alone essentially.","If the cold gas cools enough and nothing heats it up, then it should turn into stars. And so this cluster is a perfect star factory because it has a tremendous amount of cooling happening and very little heating. And so it's going to provide just a tremendous amount of this cold gas fuel for stars.","What's the difference between a galaxy and a galaxy cluster?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The statement implies how stars are formed and the necessary conditions for their creation.","questions":"What are the necessary conditions for star formation?","answer":"Coldgas."}
{"text":["Well, certainly, I think in the case of missing children, in the case of some kind of criminal act. But this is just to sort of - hey, this person came in and applied for a driver's license. And they have a Latino last name, and you might want to check that out, you know?So. . .","But can you have one without the other?I mean, once the state responds to this kind of request, can it pick and choose?","That's a question, I think, for lawyers. I don't know. I don't know how they would. I mean, I think that any legislation that we had would have to address that - under what circumstances would this be allowed?","At this point, where does that leave some of the people who advocated for this law in the first place?Are they having regrets as you are?Are you hearing from them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : having regrets implies not being happy and satisfied over an outcome","questions":"What emotion does having regrets imply?","answer":"Unsatisfied"}
{"text":["You described some playwrights, Beckett, for example, as somebody whose work seems to back away from you the closer you get it. But Miller's play, you say, is not like that.","No. It wasn't like - my experience with Chekhov and Beckett was just what you call - that they get harder and harder as you go. But with \"Salesman,\" surprisingly, because it's fully as great a play as those others, it did welcome us and come toward us day by day. And then, we did a fairly smart thing, which is that we had a workshop just for ourselves for almost a month, and nobody ever saw it and we didn't perform it, but we just worked on it. And then as per plan, we went away for over three and a half months.","And then when we came back, we went into rehearsal and then finally got onstage and did it. And the three and a half months living and doing other things made a surprisingly big difference. It just sank into everybody and took enormous strides all on its own, and that was both exciting and surprising in its extent. And also, it was a clue to what was going to continue to happen, which is that it just burrowed deeper and deeper into the actors and they - into one another, and they have become a family. And they're - what goes on between them is - I've never seen - in my experience, I've never seen it quite like this.","Philip Seymour Hoffman obviously plays the lead role. Is - did the play come first or the actor come first?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Miller's play 'Salesman' was surprisingly welcoming and approachable despite being a great play.","questions":"What play was surprisingly welcoming and approachable despite being a great play?","answer":"Salesman"}
{"text":["Well, at a Vatican briefing last Tuesday, the spokesman Father Frederico Lombardi used the Armenian term Medz Yeghern, which means the Great Evil. And he bristled when he was asked why he didn't say genocide. So when the prepared text of the Pope's speech last night used only the Armenian term, most of us thought that was a possible diplomatic overture toward Turkey.","In his actual delivery, the Pope added the word genocide. He said that genocide made possible by the twisted racial ideological or religious aims that darken the minds of the tormentors, even to the point of planning the annihilation of entire peoples. \"That drew a standing ovation from the president of Armenia and the diplomatic corps.","The pope visited the genocide memorial today. What did he say there?","Well, it was a a very powerful scene. Francis stood with his head bowed in prayer next to the Armenian apostolate patriarch and a group of black hooded Orthodox bishops while musicians performed a mournful melody on an ancient Armenian flute that's called the duduk. Here's what it sounds like."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) The performance of a mournful melody on the Armenian flute symbolized the grief of the Armenian people.","questions":"Which instrument was played during the prayer at the genocide memorial?","answer":"Duduk"}
{"text":[". . . In a sense, were our forebears. And some of them were heroes.","Yeah, and lost their lives - one woman, in particular, staying at her post even though she probably knew that, given the scope of what was about to happen, she was going to lose her life. But she stayed.","This is Hettie Ogle.","Hettie Ogle - to send messages down the valley. But the problem is, once you get those messages down there, how do you disseminate it?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Hettie Ogle was a heroic woman who stayed at her post even though she knew she was going to die.","questions":"What is the name of the woman who stayed at her post?","answer":"Hettie"}
{"text":["Well, certainly, his support for the military. We just passed the National Defense Authorization Act named in his honor. We did that every year. There are not many pieces of legislation these days that we're able to do. And that one is something we did every year at the insistence of John McCain. One of the last pieces of legislation that we did even after that was one that I sponsored with him for veterans courts - to make sure that we have adequate resources for veterans courts around the country. So his work for veterans was really important to him.","Sure. He's known as a man who had a powerful temper but also a powerful sense of humor. And I wonder if there are moments of that that really are jumping out at you today.","A lot of them. I remember - and I wrote in the piece about a time when I was in the House of Representatives. I had challenged some parochial spending projects and was receiving a lot of grief at home, a lot of vitriol from local elected officials and newspaper editorials. I was on a flight back to Arizona with John, and he worked his way back to where I was with a stern look on his face and put his finger in my chest. And I thought, oh, no he's going to let me have it, too. And he pointed at me, and he said, don't back down. He said, you were in the right, and they will come around. And it was all I needed to hear. It was just reassurance. But yeah, he did have a temper. He was certainly passionate, but he was quick to forgive.","Briefly, in. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : it look like a meaningless. u can improve the sentence","questions":"How was John McCain's work for veterans significant to the speaker?","answer":"important"}
{"text":["How do you feel about the United States now?","It was my home, and it is my home. And it will be my home because I have nowhere else to go. If I went somewhere else, I wouldnt be alive.","Is there something you'd like the Army and the Department of Defense and everyone to know about you?","I am more patriotic than many Americans. I am ready to lay my life down for this country and for the safety of its people. Im not a bad person, and I have never committed a crime. My life is in danger if the institutions like USCIS and DOD does not help me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker needs the help of the Army and DOD to survive because his life is in danger.","questions":"What institutions does the speaker need help from to ensure his safety?","answer":"Army"}
{"text":["Yeah, he was a loner. He was very studious in high school. He was a brilliant student and a bookworm. Obama has a reputation for having been a bookworm himself, so maybe there's something there.","Right. Something.","Yeah, it's a little silly to read too much into this. But it's - if you look too deeply into anything, you'll find metaphors, right?So. . .","Right. Spinning a web, any size. Catching Republicans just like flies. I don't know."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B in the statement made a reference to the Spider-Man theme song, which implies that they find the previous discussion to be overly speculative or not worth taking seriously.","questions":"What did PersonB reference with their statement in turn 3?","answer":"Spider-Man"}
{"text":["I am doing great, but consumer confidence, not so much. It's at its lowest level since the early 1990s. What exactly does that mean?","The Conference Board surveys consumers about what they think is going to happen, about how confident they are. It's important because consumer confidence determines lots of discretionary spending. In other words, if you can buy a car this year or next year and you think the economy is going to turn down or you're worried about your job, you're going to postpone that car purchase. Well, that's a great decision for the Chideya residence, but it might not be for the economy if it's multiplied by thousands or tens of thousands. So people predicate their spending on what they think is going to happened into the economy. It doesn't affect our spending on things like food or things we can't, we have no discretion over - gasoline, perhaps, if you have to commute with your car, other kinds of things.","But there are some things that you'll make decisions - I'm not going to do this now. Some people are holding back from the housing market, although this is a particularly good time to get in, because interest rates are low and because the market is troubled. But some younger people are holding back because they're not so sure what their jobs are going to be like. So when consumer confidence is down, you can expect that spenders are withholding some of their spending.","There's also signs that the cost of imported goods are rising. Is that because of gasoline prices?Or what's driving that?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker may be hinting at a desire for something or someone, but is hesitant to express it directly, possibly due to fear of rejection or embarrassment.","questions":"What is the reason for consumers withholding some of their spending when consumer confidence is down?","answer":"Job"}
{"text":["I think my career - had before this was 48, and I thought I had a pretty good game in that game. But it turns out it didn't even come close to this one.","I've read you just came from a weekend tournament where you went 11-41 in two games; from the depths to the heights.","Yeah. Yeah. I had a pretty poor shooting weekend. So coming into this game, my coaches and my teammates really wanted to get me going a little bit offensively to get my confidence up before we head into conference play.","And get your confidence up, you made, I think - what was it?More than 50 shots."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : shots implies the activities in a game and not referring to a gunshot","questions":"How many shots did PersonA make?","answer":"50"}
{"text":["Here to tell us more about that report is the vice chair of the commission, former senator from Missouri, Jim Talent. Welcome to the program, sir. And if you could tell us a bit about this report. It states that the biological threat to this country is greater than the nuclear one. What sort of biological threat are we talking about?","Well, people normally think in terms of like Anthrax, and that's the most visible potential pathogen. There's others that could be used, smallpox, for example. And one of the dangers is that, with DNA synthesizers that are available and dual-use technology all over the world, it's becoming increasingly easy to isolate pathogens, old or new. It's technologically easier to weaponize.","Can you tell me a little bit about how you conducted the research for this report?","We're a follow onto the 9\/11 commission, congressionally created, bipartisan. The report was unanimous, and we interviewed hundreds of people who travel all over the world, everywhere from the national labs in Sandia, to London, to Asia, to Russia interviewing people.","And then we all, each of us on the commission, has experience in this area as well. And what Congress wanted was an update on the assessment of the threat and then recommendations about what can be done to reduce it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are other pathogens that could be used as weapons besides Anthrax","questions":"What is one example of another potential pathogen that could be used as a weapon besides Anthrax?","answer":"Smallpox"}
{"text":["It's out of sight. It's really high. We have actual concentrations and standards that are somewhere like four, five times lower than that. So, these are all very, very high numbers, even when they're low on the Chinese scale.","It sounds as though you could project things ahead for the beginning of the Olympics. What would you expect?","Well, it's pretty good right now. But I've just been looking at the extended forecast for winds, and the middle of next week, things are going to change quite radically, around the 3rd or the 4th. The big high-pressure system from out over the Pacific is going to kick in, and that's going to produce strong winds coming over the polluted areas to the south of Beijing, and it's going to pick up a lot of pollution. And according to these forecasts, it's going to be a pretty dirty end of next week. And unfortunately, that coincides with the Opening Ceremonies a week from today.","Ken, these are official Chinese numbers that you're working with, and you are sitting there in Rhode Island looking at these. Are the numbers trustworthy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"It's out of sight.\" - This does not literally mean that the object is out of sight. It implies that the object is not visible or noticeable, and the speaker is emphasizing its high concentration level.","questions":"What does the phrase \"out of sight\" imply about the concentration level of the object being discussed?","answer":"Concentration"}
{"text":["All right. Give me - we just have time for one tip for online dating, something you should do or shouldn't do.","One thing you should do is be yourself. Never ever, ever post any picture that's like five years old and 50 pounds lighter or heavier than you are. It's like your picture should reflect who you are, and the way that you write your profile should reflect who you are as a person, as well as the person that you're trying to attract for a date. Things you should not do, never have someone meet you in your home on a first date that you've never met before. Don't give out any specifics. I say, don't tell someone where you work unless you want them to come and visit you there.","Right.","Don't give them your address unless you want them to come and visit you there as well."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 50 pounds  implies a weight and not referring to 50 British pounds ","questions":"What detail about the picture should reflect who you are according to PersonA in the dialogue?","answer":"Weight."}
{"text":["Senator Clinton is showing signs of being very interested in having the second slot on the ticket, whether or not ultimately she really wants to be vice president. I think she wants to have the salute that goes with having that job offered. Even if she chooses not to take it, and perhaps there would be good reasons for her to go either way, she would like to have the salute to her efforts and her constituencies that's implied by the offer.","Does that salute include money?","Well, she does have a campaign debt. I don't think that it's a crippling debt, and the Clintons have their own ability to either cover that debt or to raise money on their own. But they do need to get that money raised by the end of the summer. Otherwise, it's not going to be retireable under the current fundraising rules. So she needs to get it done soon, and she could use some help with that. Barack Obama could provide that support with his online fundraising base of a million and a half contributors.","All right, Ron. Thanks again."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This implies that Senator Clinton does not really want to become the Vice President, she just wanted to be honored for trying.","questions":"What does the salute imply?","answer":"money"}
{"text":["Not so well now. We're expecting to have a peace completely after the election, but we still have a few problems here and there as far as human right is concerned. And there is also killings in some parts of the country, in the west, also in east. So, that's not good.","There are a lot of people who've used music to raise awareness about what's going on in different parts of the world. Why do you think people relate to music as a way of understanding and humanizing other people?What is it about music that's so special?","Music is very natural. We are born - our mothers sing for us. The community welcomes you with music, with singing. So, it becomes part of your being, of your nature. At the same time, when you cry, it's also like singing. So, it seems like singing and music is set of human being. So, when we sing, we cry, we shout, we just bring it outside. So, it's very natural.","And your family had a musical tradition, what was its like growing up?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Why do you think people relate to music as a way of understanding and humanizing other people? What is it about music that's so special?\"","questions":"How does PersonA describe the use of music in relation to understanding and humanizing other people?","answer":"Music"}
{"text":["Race is so divisive. What can we learn from your relationship with a white man from a different generation?","That's what \"Coach Wooden And Me\" is about. It's about the fact that despite all the differences here in America, we come together on so much that we agree on, you know, our love for sport. Basketball fans across all ethnicities and socioeconomic lines, everybody loves hoops. And that's where we come together, within our country and with other countries of the world.","When you talk about your friendship with coach Wooden in the book, you use the word accomplishment. Why that word?Is having an enduring friendship and accomplishment?","Yeah, I think so because it's something that you have to work at. It just doesn't come. Building up trust and love and affection with someone else, you've got to take some risks. You could fail. It is an accomplishment, you know, because it tests your judgment and, what is your commitment?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), when Bill Russell says \"we come together on so much that we agree on,\" he is not referring to literal agreement, but rather the shared enjoyment and appreciation of basketball. Similarly, when he says \"that's where we come together,\" he is not referring to a physical location, but rather a shared interest and passion.","questions":"Which word did Bill Russell use to describe enduring friendship as an accomplishment in turn (3)?","answer":"Accomplishment"}
{"text":["You know, it may explain why you're such a good writer. I mean, you are one of the best science explainers. I mean, I've been doing this for a few years, and your book, \"Letters to a Young Scientist\", I think is the best book you've ever written because it is so much of you, and it is written in such an easy language, and we get you passion, we see your background.","Maybe it's because you talk to yourself that it's easier to write.","Yeah, and lots of students. And I've trained myself in clear explanation in order - when I went in to lecture to - sometimes I had a class of 150 because I taught basic biology, I had to have a device to keep the Harvard students in front of me from starting to read the Crimson.","So you had to come prepared to tell a good yarn, tell a good story or something."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He had to find a way to keep the students from becoming bored and distracted.","questions":"How did the lecturer prevent students from getting distracted?","answer":"device"}
{"text":["Well, it's a heck of a lot more. So the total incentive package, when you include some training grants and other things like that, is $7 million over 10 years that they're being offered now. What critics are complaining about is that it appears from a certain perspective that the state is essentially rewarding Carrier, even as it ships some of the jobs to Mexico anyway. From another perspective, they're retaining, you know, a thousand jobs at least. And those jobs do produce revenue for the state through state income taxes and sales tax, and the state would argue that it - and Mike Pence would argue - that they come out ahead still on that.","I'm wondering if that doesn't make sense to you, given the fact that if those employers just left the state, there'd be no tax revenue for the state of Indiana to tap, and even more people losing jobs.","This is the gray area of economic development. You know, how many of these workers would find other jobs in this state?And in terms of these incentives, you know, these don't even appear to be the primary factor in Carrier's decision to keep these jobs here.","Is it felt that the most persuasive argument was the fact that United Technologies, which is the parent company of Carrier is a federal contractor and needs to have good relations with the federal government, which Mr.  Trump's about to head?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The state is trying to make the best out of a bad situation by providing incentives to Carrier, even though it will still be shipping jobs to Mexico.","questions":"What is the state offering Carrier despite their decision to move jobs to Mexico?","answer":"Incentives"}
{"text":["Well, it was a a very powerful scene. Francis stood with his head bowed in prayer next to the Armenian apostolate patriarch and a group of black hooded Orthodox bishops while musicians performed a mournful melody on an ancient Armenian flute that's called the duduk. Here's what it sounds like.","The memorial itself is very impressive - 12 tall, slanted slabs of rock that suggest figures in mourning in a circle around an eternal flame. Francis prayed, and then he wrote in the memorial guest book, here I pray with pain in my heart so that never again will there be tragedies like this. He went on - may God protect the memory of the Armenian people. Memory should never be watered down or forgotten. Memory is the source of peace and the future. And I've heard a lot of Armenians who are mostly Orthodox express admiration and thanks that the leader of the Catholic Church acknowledges their history and loyalty to the Christian faith.","Before the pope landed in Yerevan, I gather he met with reporters on the plane. And he was asked about the subject of the past couple of days - Britain's exit from the European Union. What did he say?","Well, he looked very pensive, and he said this was the will of the people. He added this requires a great responsibility on the part of all of us to guarantee the good of the people of the United Kingdom and also the good and coexistence of the entire European continent."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Memory should never be watered down or forgotten.Memory is the source of peace and the future. - This implies that it is important to remember the past in order to build a peaceful future.","questions":"Which concept does Francis emphasize as the source of peace and the future?","answer":"Memory"}
{"text":["Global warming?","Global warming, you know, is warming or changes in the, you know, there are two theories right now kind of competing, although it's probably some of the both. Natural cycles versus anthropogenic causes in global warming. And both have been identified in records of gulfstream modulation or the changing of its speeds.","If the water gets - just gets warmer, though, doesn't it expand the volume of it?","Yeah. Water will also - changing the temperatures, water gets warmer. We all know it expands and rises sea levels. So there's three causes of sea level rise. One, the land can sink or rise up. That will change sea levels of the coasts. Warming of the water, as it gets warmer, it expands, and sea level will go up. And you can add water essentially to the bathtub by melting ice sheets from the. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn \"If the water gets - just gets warmer, though, doesn't it expand the volume of it?\" is an example of literal language. The speaker is referring to the scientific fact that water expands as it warms.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue refers to the scientific fact that water expands as it warms?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["So one of the most famous stories about Julie takes place at a royal ball, at the Palais Royal. She attended in men's clothes. She often dressed in men's clothes, in the way that Katharine Hepburn dressed in men's clothes, not pretending to be a man, just, that was her style. And she saw a young woman on the dance floor, beautiful young woman, and she kissed her. Everyone gasped. And three men, one after another, three noblemen challenged her to a duel. So she said to them, one after another, yes, I'll meet you outside at midnight. Fought them, one after another, beat them all and then returned to the ball.","(Laughter) Just another night at the palace.","As you do, that's right. And, you know, that really sealed her reputation as a wild, uncontained woman who just did not care about any of the protocols.","Yeah. And how important was historical accuracy to you as a novelist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In context, B's response \"Just another night at the palace\" is a sarcastic comment and doesn't actually mean that it was a typical night at the palace. Instead, it implies that the situation was unusual and scandalous, but B is making light of it with humor.","questions":"Which word describes PersonB's response to PersonA's story about Julie's scandalous behavior at the royal ball?","answer":"Humorous"}
{"text":["Well, I think that where journalists and correspondents tend to stray into trouble is when they use metaphor. For instance, using words like blank slate. They tend to sort of overlook the fact that there are more than 600,000 people still living here.","Yeah, that's a pretty crowded slate. What about when you see a phrase like urban settlers?","Well, that sets off all kinds of unpleasant associations. You're talking about the process of colonization in a metaphoric sense. And typically, the people who are colonized tend to see their culture and their land and, you know, their identity despoiled.","Putting Detroit on the map."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Crowded slate\" implies that the city of Detroit is becoming crowded with people,","questions":"How does PersonB describe the phrase \"urban settlers\"?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":["Well, we got a response from a listener in Athens, Georgia, when our bloggers discussed whether black media outlets were balanced when covering Barack Obama. Scott Dugan (ph) wrote us this. I am surprised to find no mention of the constant comments from the media and McCain campaign that Obama was behaving presumptuously during his trip abroad. To me, these comments are all short hand for calling Obama uppity. Why have you called the media and the McCain campaign out on this?","And this month we're doing a series on addiction. Vernon Martin (ph) in Hollywood, Florida, wrote in to say he liked the segment we did last week on functioning addicts. So many times we conjure the wrong view in our minds about functioning addicts. They're found practicing law, operating, or assisting in operating rooms, teachers, police officers, construction workers or any other person maintaining a career. As a drug and alcohol counselor, I have seen all of them.","And last week, we covered the news that Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick was sent to jail. Peter Williams (ph) lives in the Motor City and wrote us this. Your panel missed the point on Mayor Kilpatrick. The problem is not his unfaithfulness to his marriage. It is that he wrongfully fired three police officers who, while performing their duties, might have uncovered the affair. That is the type of abuse of public trust that warrants his dismissal.","And finally, Victor Emanuel (ph) in Inglewood, New Jersey wrote in about the interview we did about a black reporter who was thrown out of a John McCain event. Victor thought we cut the story short."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It implies that media and the McCain campaign were biased as they have used coded language to criticize Obama, and that this language is racially charged.","questions":"Which candidate was being discussed by the media and McCain campaign in turn 0?","answer":"Obama"}
{"text":["It's a pleasure to be with you. And thank you very much for having me.","So this issue has been kind of dancing around the edges of political discourse for years now. I mean, Jesse Jackson made it part of his platform when he ran for president in 1988. And as we mentioned, your former colleague, Representative Conyers, reintroduced the bill in every congressional session for 25 years. But now it seems to be gaining some traction again. Why do you think that is?","I frankly believe that there's something to elections - And this is a Democratic House with Democratic leadership - and also the times. And it is tragic, but it is real that we've seen an uptick in racial incidences - white supremacy, white nationalism. And so the question of slavery, frankly, has never been addressed, particularly from the institutional governmental perspective. And I've updated the language of the resolution, HR40, and that is that it is a commission to study and to engage in proposals, recommendations on the question of reparation.","And it really goes to, I think, more people understanding that 40 acres and a mule was a legitimate concept right after the Emancipation Proclamation, and that never happened. But yet cotton was king. It was an economic engine of the entire United States. And so the prominence of the United States today in the 21st century is grounded on the free brutal labor that Africans gave and their descendants."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Expressing gratitude for the invitation and glad to be here.","questions":"What was the economic engine of the entire United States?","answer":"Cotton"}
{"text":["Mike Dunleavy like, drained, I think, a dozen three-pointers, if I'm not mistaken.","At least, yeah. And the Blazers lost to Houston 121 to 116 in overtime - not to move on to Portland too quickly here. What's going on?Strange and spreading malady in these playoffs, Scott. Road teams are winning at a stunning rate. In the first week of the postseason, road teams won 12 of the 22 games. Now remember, teams are clawing for much of the regular season - clawing to win games in order to give them the home-court advantage in the playoffs.","The psychology of playing in front of your own cheering fans, the comfort and routine of home - it's supposed to make winning in the postseason more likely. So far, not the case.","And why not?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a metaphor or analogy to convey a deeper meaning or idea, often related to emotions or personal experiences.","questions":"How did the speaker convey a deeper meaning or idea?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["You know, in the post-Katrina era, Scott, the assumption has been that when a hurricane comes, you focus on that and set other things aside. So it was jarring when the president went ahead with his summit with Kanye West. And as you say, it was a major full-media presence in the Oval Office.","But the president's theme all week has been to keep the focus on the president. He's had a flurry of news availabilities - way more than usual. In fact, in the last month, he's had more than in all the time previously in his presidency - very flashy events, campaign rallies around the country, night after night.","And that happens just as the cable operations - television, news - has - well, they've begun to lose interest in some of those rallies. They're not covering them from beginning to end anymore, sometimes not covering them all - at all, perhaps because they do seem to be news-free campaign events, and maybe because they've become so frequent.","Does this week's sudden stock sell-off raise questions about what had seemed to be so much good news about the economy, including that historically low unemployment rate?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The President's focus has been on himself, rather than hurricane relief efforts. The meeting with Kanye West was unexpected and inappropriate during a crisis","questions":"How was the President's focus during the hurricane season?","answer":"Himself"}
{"text":["Today, Turkey formally requested NATO to deploy Patriot missiles on the border with Syria. And while the new anti-government coalition wins friends in foreign capitals, it gets a mixed reception from rebel groups inside Syria. NPR correspondent Deborah Amos joins us now by Skype from southern Turkey. And Deborah, always good to talk with you.","Thank you, Neal. Glad to be here.","And some European nations are already considering Turkey's Patriot missile request. If fulfilled, will that effectively establish a no-fly zone over parts of - over northern Syria?","NATO officials are downplaying the no-fly zone aspect of this. But there is no doubt that if there are Patriot missiles on the border, the Syrian air force will think twice about bombing any city close to that border. That is already happening on this - on the Turkish border. There are towns now that are under the umbrella of Turkey."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The presence of Patriot missiles on the border will deter the Syrian air force from bombing cities close to the border.","questions":"Which country requested NATO to deploy Patriot missiles on the border with Syria?","answer":"Turkey"}
{"text":["Now, the first Crohn's gene was cofounded here at the University of Chicago by one of my colleagues. And subsequently, multiple genes for Crohn's disease have been found, most of which have to do with how the body's immune system interacts with the bugs living in the gut.","This is SCIENCE FRIDAY, from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow, talking with Dr.  Russell Cohen. And so there's more than one gene involved, is what you're saying.","Well, yes, there are multiple genes, and there's been big breakthroughs in genetic discoveries with something called genome-wide association, GWAS. So now the genes are falling out of the sky at us every time a group does a big genetic study.","Falling out of the sky. They're - is it that easy to discover them, or are there are just so many you can't really narrow down the important ones?Or are they all important?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There are so many genes that it is difficult to determine which ones are important","questions":"What is the reason for the difficulty in determining important genes?","answer":"many"}
{"text":["But you also said let me reassure you, I've seen the quality of that work. In other words, these plans are viable, credible, ready to go?","Yes, I have. I did say that. Part of my job in the Pentagon was the oversight - civilian oversight of military planning, and one of the things that we've, you know, we're charged with is to prepare options for the president no matter the contingency. And certainly, there are very viable plans with regard to contingencies involving Iran. But again, the judgment is at this point that's not where the focus should be.","And as you know, Israel has - well, has plans of its own - contingencies. And I know a large part of your speech was devoted to the idea that they should hold off and reassuring them the United States would take action if necessary and that Israeli action would be counterproductive. More counterproductive than an American strike?","Well, my point to them was we have a shared objective here - preventing Iran from getting nuclear weapons and that, you know, any military action really only buys time. It's a delaying action for one to three years. It sets the program back, but it doesn't solve the fundamental problem of Iran's pursuit of a nuclear weapons capability. To do that, you'll need a continued international campaign with sanctions, with negotiations to eventually change their calculus."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"And I know a large part of your speech was devoted to the idea that they should hold off and reassuring them the United States would take action if necessary and that Israeli action would be counterproductive.\" - The actual meaning here is not about the meaning of the words used but rather about the speaker acknowledging the content of the other person's speech and seeking clarification.","questions":"Which country is mentioned in turn 2 as having plans of its own?","answer":"Israel"}
{"text":["Yeah, I believe there's a certainty of it. I started out my career as a journalist covering races in Mississippi, and every year people would try to give black people bad information, and we at the local black newspaper would find ourselves, you know, working with the NAACP, trying to get out good information. They would go through black neighborhoods and pass out flyers saying don't forget to vote on Wednesday, for instance. I'm sure that tactic, which is one of the tried and true, will be tried again somewhere in this country.","Well, Benjamin Jealous, thank you so much.","Thank you. It's a real pleasure.","Benjamin Jealous is the president of the NAACP."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People may try to give misleading information to black people during an election.","questions":"Which group did Benjamin Jealous lead as mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"NAACP"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah, for sure. I definitely had it going last night.","And where do you hope to take it next?","Well, I think the rest of the season here, I'm going to be a marked man. I think I'm going to face a little bit more double-team. It's going to be. . .","I was going to ask you, are you going to get a double team on Sunday, yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is worried that he will face more difficulties in the upcoming games.","questions":"What is PersonA concerned about in the upcoming games?","answer":"Difficulties"}
{"text":["Yeah. This is, again, completely innovative. You know, part of the problem that we have with tall buildings is building them all out of glass and then having to go to gymnastics to kind of cover them up on the outside, and we see that in America. But in intense solar environments like the desert, it makes even less sense.","This is an innovative way to control this. It actually, to my knowledge, for the first time creates this skin on the outside made up of, you know, hundreds of modules, which can open and close by computer control, depending on the angle of incident sun. So if the sun's on the other side of the building, the modules open up and allow natural daylight into the space. And if the sun is incident on the building, then those modules close up and block the sun from entering.","Is what makes a tall building great the ability to actually look like it fits in with the rest of the buildings in the neighborhood or the culture of the people?","I believe so. That's - you know, as a professor, that's the thing that I advocate. I believe that a Chinese tall building or a, you know, an American tall building or a Middle Eastern tall building should be different to each other in the same way that, you know, religious and other architecture is clearly identifiable."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"fits in with the rest of the buildings\" - This is a figurative expression that means to be harmonious with the surrounding architecture or cultural context, rather than literally fitting in like a puzzle piece.","questions":"Which expression is used figuratively to describe the harmony of a tall building with its surrounding architecture or cultural context?","answer":"Fits"}
{"text":["Thanks so much for having me on.","Can you tell me a little bit about Nebraska's land and what it means to its residents, the farmers?","Yeah. So Nebraska is in many ways a typical Great Plains state. Because the Missouri River cuts through along the eastern edge of the state, that's where all of the population originally settled. And so you have major industrial centers in south Sioux City and in Omaha. And then you have the capital educational center of Lincoln. But when you travel west of Lincoln, there's almost no one there. The small farming communities have gotten smaller and smaller in the last 50 years. And you can drive for hours essentially seeing only flatlands that are planted to corn and to soybeans and occasionally dotted with hog barns and feedlots for cattle.","Speaking to that disappearing landscape, I'd like you to read a page from your book, page 69.","(Reading) To understand, first remember - Nebraska is a place. It sits square as an anvil in the center of our maps. And yet somehow, everyone manages to forget it exists. Maybe that's because Nebraska is also a land of ghosts, of small towns dwindling to the point where in another generation they might simply cease to exist.","Why are they disappearing?Where are they going?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is asking about the impact of Nebraska's land on its residents, not just its geographical features.","questions":"How does PersonB want PersonA to describe Nebraska's impact on its residents beyond its geographical features?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["So, maybe they're taking a loss on the turkey, but the consumer comes in and buys cranberries, buys potatoes, buys a turkey baster, all of these other things.","Prices for avocados drop right before the Super Bowl, too, when a lot of guacamole gets made. But Valentine's Day bucks that price drop trend. Roses are popular for that holiday, and it turns out that roses are fussier than turkeys, which, after all, can be frozen. In economist-speak, roses are supply inelastic.","They all have to be harvested within a very short period of time. They have to be packed and sorted and shipped around the country.","But turkeys can be thrown into a freezer months ahead of time. So, if you're already thinking about what to get for a special someone next February 14th, here's an idea in economic verse. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are no turns in this conversation.Whose atual meaning are different from their  literal meanings.All of the  return  are being used in straight for word and literal meanings.","questions":"What is the economist term used to describe the supply of roses?","answer":"inelastic"}
{"text":["U. S.  Secretary of State Mike Pompeo blamed Iran for the latest incidents and used strong language, calling them an attack on international peace and security as well as an assault on freedom of navigation. Iran maintains that it had no role in the explosions and called the U. S.  accusations part of a campaign against Iran. And all of this is taking place as the Trump administration is hoping to pressure Iran for what it considers better terms after earlier pulling the U. S.  out of the deal aimed at curbing Iran's nuclear campaign.","So in this moment of rising tension, we thought it would be helpful to get perspective from someone who's been involved in previous negotiations between the two nations. Gary Sick negotiated the agreement that ended the hostage crisis that began during the Carter administration. He's now a senior research scholar at Columbia University's Middle East Institute. Gary Sick, welcome. Thanks for joining us.","It's good to be with you.","How do you view what happened this week?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The U.S. blames Iran for the explosions, but Iran denies involvement and considers it part of a campaign against them.","questions":"What did Iran say about the U.S. accusations?","answer":"Part"}
{"text":["Rod Blagojevich appealed for his sentence to be reduced last year. A judge refused, saying his long sentence is deserved, but Blagojevich's lawyer attached letters from a hundred other prisoners who spoke of his kindness and spirit. He was at the top level, wrote a man who identified himself as a convicted drug dealer, and now he is in prison with so many true felons and he accepts that as fate with his head held high, no ego, no arrogance and, most importantly, with humble humility.","A portrait of Rod Blagojevich in ornate, official hallways could remind governors who follow why citizens can be cynical about politicians. It might remind politicians not to think that getting elected endows them with honesty, wisdom or character. And, yes, it might give a disgraced politician a little recognition for finding a way to make his life useful to others.","(Singing) The warden threw a party in the county jail. The prison band was there, and they began to wail. The band was jumpin' and the joint began to swing.","The King. You're listening to NPR News."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (Singing) The warden threw a party in the county jail. The prison band was there, and they began to wail. The band was jumpin' and the joint began to swing.  Implicated meaning: The warden organizing a party in the county jail and having the prison band perform creates an atmosphere of excitement and enjoyment, turning the otherwise somber and restrictive environment of a jail into a lively and energetic place.","questions":"What was the atmosphere of the county jail during the warden's party?","answer":"Lively"}
{"text":["Yes. Tsar Nicholas tried to seek asylum in Britain. And the British parliament actually was about to grant him asylum, but the king, King George V, vetoed it. And what's interesting is King George V happened to be Nicholas' first cousin. So, as the saying goes, with relatives like that, who needs enemies?","Why did he do that?Do you know?","He was afraid that it would cause a revolution in England as well. So, he said better stay away.","Now, then, of course, we have Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos. Most of us remember Imelda Marcos for her shoe collection. But I gather that before they left the Philippines, they gathered up a few more things."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker's literal meaning is that King George V vetoed Tsar Nicholas' asylum request because he was afraid it would cause a revolution in England. The implicated meaning could be that family loyalty can sometimes be compromised by political considerations, and that monarchs might prioritize the interests of their country over those of their own relatives.","questions":"How can family loyalty sometimes be compromised?","answer":"political"}
{"text":["(Singing) Don't act surprised, It ain't like you didn't know. It's been a long, long time comin' And it's time for me to go.","Tryin' to split things up Could drive us crazy.","So where'd that song come from?","That song - Frank Rogers is my producer, and we got together - it was the first time we had met each other, we were talking about what kind of record I wanted to make. And I told him I really wanted to make a country record, and that was the first song we wrote together."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The singer is implyihng that Frank Rogers and he cowrote the song in question together.","questions":"Which person co-wrote the song with the singer?","answer":"Frank-Rogers"}
{"text":["Reading this book, the thing that always shone through was that you never took no for an answer. You talk about, despite all your successes, always feeling like you might never be good enough, or that people were judging you. And yet, you always sort of came back swinging, sometimes literally.","I love the word no (laughter). Because of the ADD and the dyslexic, I couldn't follow anyone's formula at all. So no to me was the yes that I needed to hear. And I wanted to succeed so I could grow my team and grow my staff as well. And a lot has to do about Boston in general. I wanted to be somebody, you know?I think so.","Barbara Lynch - her book is called \"Out Of Line: A Life Of Playing With Fire. \"Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In this turn, the speaker says \"I love the word no\" and goes on to explain how the word \"no\" was actually a motivating force for them, rather than a discouraging one. This is different from the literal meaning of the word \"no,\" which is generally used to signify a negative response or refusal. The speaker's implication is that they have learned to reframe the word \"no\" in a positive way and use it as a tool for success.","questions":"Which word did the speaker say they love?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["And the Trump administration has said that some of these many navigator programs were failing to meet their targets, that they were going to put the largest reductions on to the groups that weren't performing. How does that apply to you?","It does not apply to the Ohio Association of Food Banks and our consortia partners. We have served for four years to carry out navigator activities in the state of Ohio. And for those four years, we have met, nearly met or exceeded all of our deliverables. All of the feedback that we had received was very positive - keep up the great work. We certainly wish other states would perform to your level and standards. I believe at one point they even said that we were, quote, \"rock stars. \"","So I can - may I presume that you were shocked?","Shocked would be an understatement, but really deeply, deeply and profoundly disappointed and felt as though, quite frankly, we were being held hostage in the belief that it was really - appeared to be a political maneuver to damage the viability and stability of the Affordable Care Act. And at that point, our members voted unanimously to terminate our contract on navigator services in Ohio."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"rock stars\" is used figuratively to mean that the Ohio Association of Food Banks and their partners were performing exceptionally well, rather than literally referring to musicians or performers.","questions":"Which term was used figuratively to describe the performance of Ohio Association of Food Banks and their partners?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["A tall building may become synonymous with a place, but it doesn't mean that it's born of that place. You can almost pick it up and put it in any city around the world and it would become synonymous with that city. And it denying thousands of years of vernacular architectural tradition, you know. . .","Yeah, yeah.",". . . to relate to environment and all these other things. So that's where the 95 percent figure, an arbitrary figure, comes from.","The Twin Towers in Abu Dhabi received the tall building innovation award. These buildings carry their own sunscreen, in a sense."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"These buildings carry their own sunscreen, in a sense.\" - This turn means that the buildings have a feature that provides protection from the sun, rather than literally carrying sunscreen.","questions":"How do the buildings in Abu Dhabi protect themselves from the sun?","answer":"Sunscreen"}
{"text":["So your position would be that your dean of students would be there, even if there were some Oberlin students who decided to have a Make America Great rally.","Absolutely. The content of the speech isn't relevant. And she's supposed to be a liaison to the police. And, in fact, the police contacted her staff to talk about this particular protest as it was happening. So it wouldn't matter whether they were there for a Make America Great rally or whether they were there to talk about some progressive cause. The content of the speech is not why we're there. It's there to be able to protect the community and to make it a lawful protest.","Racism is an ugly charge. Can you see why the Gibsons were upset by it?","Oh, absolutely. I - absolutely. If you're called a name that you don't believe is true, then I can absolutely see why the Gibsons were upset."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Gibsons were upset because they were called a name they believed was untrue","questions":"Which family was upset by a false accusation?","answer":"Gibsons"}
{"text":["We're in the last few weeks of the Supreme Court's current term, and justices still have loads of decisions to hand down - two dozen, to be precise. And some of those may come as soon as Monday. We'll bring in NPR's legal affairs correspondent Nina Totenberg. Nina, thanks so much for being with us.","My pleasure, as always, Scott.","Twenty-four cases in which there are no decision. I gather a dozen could be of particular interest. Which ones do you most anticipate?","Well, there are three big ones. The first is what I call the cross case. This is a giant cross on public property in Bladensburg, Md. It's a World War I war memorial. And civil libertarians have objected to it because they see the cross as a symbol of Christianity and that it ought to be on private property, maintained with private funds, not taxpayer money. We're going to see what the court does with that. My suspicion is that they're going to let the cross stand. And whatever they write probably will have a lot of impact on religious symbol cases in the future."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The supreme court has a great many decisions to make on cases.","questions":"How many cases does the Supreme Court have to make decisions on?","answer":"Two-dozen"}
{"text":["This is such a different type of story than we often see after a disaster. I mean, it's just the sheer numbers and the sheer amount of land in these three countries that was affected. I mean, you've decided to bring us just into one life and profile - one person doing one thing. Was that experience different for you journalistically?","It was a different - oh, gosh. It was a different experience for sure. I've never followed anyone doing this kind of work. And I've had two reporting trips to Mozambique now. And a lot of the work has been focused on the many, many people trying to deliver aid to people still alive - you know, frantic - organized frantic chaos, you know, trying to help people survive. And this was a very different, quiet experience but just fascinating to see.","Is there one image or one scene or one moment that stands out for you after following this man?","I think it was just the one in the field. It just struck me as an immense task. And I wanted to bring that to life as much as possible immediately for people. And he said it himself as he stood and he looked around the field. And he said, this is literally like a needle in a haystack."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"one image or one scene or one moment that stands out\"","questions":"What stands out for PersonB after following this man?","answer":"Field"}
{"text":["Yes, we're all OK.  We're all safe. We're at his house in James City, thank goodness.","Yeah. I'm told you left after the evacuation order. May I ask why?","We made the decision to stay based on the fact that all of the ATMs were out of cash, there was a gas shortage, monetary reasons and concerns of not being able to get back in. I have my father, who is in a nursing facility fighting Stage 4 Hodgkin's lymphoma, and I was really concerned about what would happen with him.","How is your father?How is your father, may I ask?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The decision to stay was based on financial and personal concerns, not just the evacuation order.","questions":"Which order was not the only reason for their decision to stay?","answer":"Evacuation"}
{"text":[". . . in the most efficient way.","Right. So the ones in the back may get an advantage by swimming behind the fish, but they, you know, pay the cost of not getting to food first. They also are safer because they don't get eaten first if a predator is coming right at them. So it's a complicated issue, and he's just looking at this one little piece, but. . .","It's fascinating. The video is - I call it the Pied Piper fish.","Yeah, absolutely."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of B's turn is that the video is fascinating and is like the Pied Piper fish. However, the implied meaning is that the video is about the Pied Piper fish and thus the fish in the video are like the Pied Piper fish.","questions":"Which fish is the video about?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Well, the - there in every single state, and the data changes state by state, but in every single state, there is a huge disproportionality between the number of particularly African-Americans, but also Latino youths, who wind up in high-level facilities, as opposed to Caucasians youth who wind up in high-level facilities.","And by high level you mean the higher security, more. . .","I mean, higher - yes, more intensive, more secure facilities. Ironically, or maybe not so ironically, when you look at high - facilities that have a high-level of treatment, you'll see disproportionally white youth in the high-level of treatment facilities. But from the very first day, when we start with arrests, which I'm sure you're very familiar with, but moving on through the system, there is continuous and increased disproportionality.","That doesn't even deal with the real disproportionality in the system, between families that have assets, and the families that have fewer assets. So, youth in the juvenile justice system are primarily African-Americans and Latinos that are almost entirely low-income youth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The juvenile justice system disproportionately affects low-income African-American and Latino youths.","questions":"How does the juvenile justice system affect low-income African-American and Latino youths?","answer":"Disproportionately"}
{"text":["So you were ready to stand up for yourself?","Oh, absolutely, 100 percent.","Do you ever talk to the students that you went to college with recently, students who were maybe sometimes 60 years younger than you, about what you have lived and what you have gone through?Do you ever tell them these kinds of stories?","In some of my classes, some of the fellows would ask me about the segregated South. I would reveal to them, like in one instance, we had a history major and he was just tickled to death to learn this stuff firsthand from somebody who had actually been through it. Example, I used to tell him that at Norfolk Navy Yard, the drinking fountains and lavatories were all segregated - black, colored water and colored bathrooms, white bathrooms. And the white water always broke down and they drank the colored water."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"So you were ready to stand up for yourself?\" - The actual meaning could be, \"Were you prepared to defend yourself and your beliefs when faced with opposition or criticism?\" It may not necessarily mean the person was physically standing up.","questions":"What kind of segregation was present in the Norfolk Navy Yard according to the speaker?","answer":"Opposition"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Anthony Leiserowitz of the - he's the director of the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication at Yale. How can you follow up with this?Can you keep coming up with new polls so we can follow this?","Oh, absolutely. We'll be doing this at least twice a year and, of course, we have lots of other colleagues around the country that are also surveying on this exact same topics.","And will we know if this does move into the - more into the political discourse as well as the public discourse?","Well, I think we'll see it. I mean, first of all, you can see it in the amount of - number of times that the president talks about this, that candidate Mitt Romney talks about this, as well as across the board. I mean, remember, it's not just the presidential election. There are some Senate races and congressional races all over this country. And what we're seeing is that a lot of people are beginning to ask the question about climate change."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"Oh, absolutely.\" - This is a literal response that affirms the ability to conduct new polls twice a year and that other colleagues are also surveying on the same topic.","questions":"Which response of PersonA affirms the ability to conduct new polls and mentions the involvement of colleagues in surveying on the same topic?","answer":"Absolutely"}
{"text":["I gather Jim Dunne was a great father.","He was a great father. And - yes. And he has two sons that are in the automotive business. And yeah, he was a terrific father and a wonderful grandfather as well and a great friend.","Yeah. You're going to miss him.","I'm going to miss him. I'm going to miss - he also was wonderful for - he held lunches at some of Detroit's divier (ph) places. And you know, I'm going to miss when he'd call up and say, hey, we're meeting at Buddy's Pizza (ph) at 12:15. Be there. I wish I'd said yes more often."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Jim Dunne was a great father and successful in raising his sons, while emphasizing he was a wonderful grandfather and friend","questions":"What did Jim Dunne emphasize besides being a great father?","answer":"Grandfather"}
{"text":["The Trump administration - or at least the president - have indicated previously they don't share this conclusion. Saudi Embassy says the claims and the purported assessment are false. Now, let's note - President Trump has often criticized the U. S.  intelligence establishment, saying they're not right on Russia. Oh, yeah. They were the ones who said Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.","We have to ask, is there any indication in this CIA report, which has sources inside, that this is some kind of attempt by what the president's supporters call the deep state to bring him into line?","No, I don't think so. I mean, the CIA - you know, for all of the ways that the president somehow misunderstands how they operate - is looking at this situation objectively. And, yes, to some degree, they are factoring in subjective judgments about how people behave, like the crown prince. But this is not an attempt, I think, to, you know, bring the crown prince to heel or to somehow influence policy.","And we should note, too, the president, I mean, has been briefed on the CIA's findings. And what we understand is that he keeps resisting them because he doesn't have, I guess, the smoking gun. He keeps asking, well, where's the body?Or, show me the definitive proof that Mohammed bin Salman ordered this. And, you know, it doesn't always work that way."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This statement implies a suggestion that some of President Trump's supporters may believe that the CIA report is an attempt to undermine his authority, rather than an objective assessment of the facts.","questions":"Which group of people may believe the CIPersonA report is an attempt to undermine President Trump's authority?","answer":"supporters"}
{"text":["Because they - the bystander effect being that they thought somebody else would call in, or I don't want to get involved.","Yeah.","And I think it is different from the bystander effect, because it depends on the community that you're in and what becomes normal for that community and what causes concern in that community. That changes depending upon the way the community does.","Now, having said that, I will say this. We have become a society who says, not me, not get involved. One, out of fear, because you don't want to get involved, you think you'll get hurt too. And number two, I think we've become attenuated as a society for a variety of reasons. One, because of our mobility. I don't live where my grandmother lived, where her mother lived, where my uncles and cousins and aunts are. And most people don't anymore. Not any more, but we're so much of a mobile society, and we're become a technological society. My husband yesterday called my son on his cell phone from our bedroom to his room to tell him to do something."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to call in with this context means to call the police","questions":"Which action is being discussed in the context of the word \"call\"?","answer":"Call"}
{"text":[". . . Transparency. They want to know how we got to this point so that no presidential candidate, Democrat or Republican, ever sees something like this happen to them.","So you would like to see an investigation of the investigation. You do think that's a productive use of time.","What I want to make certain is we know that bad actors are rooted out and that we are going to be well served by individuals who realize we are a nation of laws, that we will abide by the rule of law. And you are going to have law enforcement there that is to uphold the law.","Marsha Blackburn is a Republican senator from Tennessee. She sits on the Judiciary Committee. Thank you very much for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : joining us implies being part of a program or activity and not referring to mixing or attaching people together","questions":"How does joining us imply involvement in a program or activity rather than attaching people together?","answer":"guest"}
{"text":["Well, to be quite honest with you, at the end of the day, when you're looking at a product that is an adult product - and that's how we see it - the adult has the ability to choose.","But why blueberry, vanilla and cherry - why those flavors?","Actually, you know, we have quite a few individuals that like the blueberry. For me, it gets old quick. So therefore, I have, like, more coffee flavors. But the point is cherry and strawberry are actually fairly popular flavors amongst adults.","And when we're talking about flavors, we're not talking about those kind of flavors. We're talking about the cotton candy type of flavors. We steer away from any flavors that expressly go after a particular target market audience. And those flavors we obviously will never carry, never made and will never participate in our lineup."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : at the end of the day means something is likely going to happen or what happens after everything else.","questions":"What flavors does the company steer away from?","answer":"Flavors"}
{"text":["OK, which theory do you want to start with?","Well, the ships became frozen in the ice and the crewmen set out on foot.","Well, we know that's true. Captain Franklin - Sir John - made a huge mistake trying to force the Victoria passage with that much ice. And he kept going when they could turn back to shelter. And it got them stuck in the worst possible place. So his error of judgment doomed those men.","What other theories are there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Although the speaker says \"we know that's true,\" they are not expressing a belief that the events described in turn (2) are factual. Rather, they are acknowledging the information that has been presented and using it as a basis to introduce a theory about what might have happened to the crewmen. T","questions":"How did the speaker use the information in turn 2?","answer":"Basis"}
{"text":["Tell me a little bit about Riot Games. They're funding a lot of esports events.","Yeah.","What is their role in this?","They are creating a lot of the games. They've been out in front and doing a ton of deals. They did a deal with the Big Ten Network where they sponsor an esports tournament among Big Ten schools, and the winner of that tournament sort of gets a scholarship to one of the Big Ten schools. They're very heavily involved in sort of not only developing the games but also developing the business in total."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Task Don't just paraphase the words! Find the implicated meaning! We don't want answers like: to be silent means stay quiet and not making noise, bad answer!  Please read the examples above carefully!      (1)\tB:\tTell me a little bit about Riot Games.They're funding a lot of esports events. (2)\tA:\tYeah. (3)\tB:\tWhat is their role in this? (4)\tA:\tThey are creating a lot of the games.They've been out in front and doing a ton of deals.They did a deal with the Big Ten Network where they sponsor an esports tournament among Big Ten schools, and the winner of that tournament sort of gets a scholarship to one of the Big Ten schools.They're very heavily involved in sort of not only developing the games but also developing the business in total.  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1)  (2)  (3)  (4)","questions":"How is Riot Games involved in developing the esports business?","answer":"Developing"}
{"text":["Madam de Pompadour was the mistress of Louis XV and a style-setter. A painting shows her at her vanity table with her mirror, her makeup brush and compact, wearing a shockingly low-cut gown. Her preening went on for hours, so she'd receive visitors as she put on her makeup.","She had incredibly good taste, and hired only the most important, the most well-known furniture designers, painters. She was very cultured, and she created amazing furniture. And this table was made for her Chateau Bellevue. And it's impeccably made. The marquetry is fantastic. It's all about her life and who she is and her lifestyle. And so you should notice that on the top of the bronze-gilt mounts of the legs, there are little castle tops representing where she lives, her chateau. And then the top shows all of her interests - her interests in gardening and nature, her interest in music. And this was, obviously, commissioned by her and was to make to show her interests and her likes.","There are exquisite combs in the exhibit. Some of them are decorated with precious gems, others made out of rubber, and some made out of ebony and ivory. But they were not all used for beauty alone.","The interesting thing about the double-sided combs: the wide tooth is to comb hair, and the narrow end is to comb out the lice."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) implies that Madam de Pompadour was very vain and spent a lot of time preening herself, indicating that she may have been more concerned with her appearance than her actual duties as the mistress of Louis XV.","questions":"What aspect of Madam de Pompadour's life does the table commissioned for her reflect?","answer":"Interests"}
{"text":["Wow.",". . . Actually the night he died. So he was a very well-respected young person by our staff, by our students and our community. And, you know, it was a very shame that that did happen.","I'm so impressed. I gather the youngsters themselves in your school came up with the idea of electing them king and queen. I got to tell you. . .","Yeah, you know, you think about social media as something that's bad sometimes. Well, they - her friends and his friends kind of started a little social media thing and the adults weren't even totally aware. And they wanted to - they wanted to have them be king and queen. Now, it wasn't, you know, the whole school. It wasn't everybody. It was a very tight group of kids that really. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Wow. Implicated Meaning: B is expressing surprise or admiration. It implies that B is impressed or astonished by something.","questions":"How did PersonB react to something in the conversation?","answer":"Impressed"}
{"text":["Hi, senator. How are you doing?","I'm great. How are you?","I'm doing great. So your two major competitors in this race have come to symbolize certain things. Senator Edwards paints himself as the candidate who's going to end poverty and Senator Obama's supporters say he's the candidate of change. So what do you symbolize?","Well, I think that I'm the candidate with the experience we need to make the changes we want. I don't think there is an either or here. That's a false choice. We have to look at each of us and what we represent and what we have done in our lives and what we believe we can do as the next president."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3).  In this turn, the speaker asks what the senator symbolizes in the current political race. The literal meaning of the words is clear, but the implied meaning is more complex. The speaker is really asking the senator to define their political platform and message, and to explain how they differ from their competitors. The question is meant to elicit a nuanced response that goes beyond simple symbolism.","questions":"What does the speaker ask the senator to define in turn 2?","answer":"Political"}
{"text":["Well, that's how your muscles grow. And in this case, what we found was with the exercise, after very strenuous exercise of 20 minutes, we found a disappearance of the chemical tags from the DNA. And what this means is that it allowed other proteins' transcription factors to access the DNA, and this could instruct the cell to make specialized proteins that could support growth and metabolism.","Wow. Does it also explain why you lose your muscle tone if you don't exercise?","Well, we actually - we didn't study that.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implied meaning of turn (1) is that engaging in strenuous exercise leads to changes in DNA that enable the production of specific proteins necessary for muscle growth and metabolism. It implies that the process of muscle growth involves more than just physical strain.","questions":"Which process allows other proteins to access DNPersonA after strenuous exercise, leading to specialized protein production for growth and metabolism?","answer":"Transcription"}
{"text":["Are there any good reasons to use this?","There is a separate group here working on storing data in DNA. It turns out that DNA is really robust for long-term storage, whereas, you know, hard drives may die after a few years. You can conceivably store data in DNA for hundreds or thousands of years. And as long as life continues to be based on DNA, we'll always have a reason to read and write DNA. So it's sort of a technology that won't go obsolete.","So, I mean, we underscored the aspect of some kind of mischief or outright miscreants. But I wonder, you know, a few years from now, instead of having hard drives or storage systems, will people just carry around that information in themselves, in their DNA?","I'm not sure that people will carry around that information within them. But I do believe people will start using DNA for sort of long-term storage. So accessing data from DNA and putting data into DNA is a pretty slow process. And so you'll want to, you know, archive photos in there and things like that. But you won't want to use it for your day-to-day tasks, at least not for the foreseeable future."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: DNA may not be suitable for carrying out everyday tasks due to its slow processing speed.","questions":"Which technology may not be suitable for day-to-day tasks due to its slow processing speed?","answer":"DNA"}
{"text":["Not a bad thing. Oh, yes. But my favorite apple that's in the book - that's mentioned in the book - is called the Pitmaston Pineapple. And it tastes of nuts and honey, but it also has a kind of pineapple finish - faint taste of pineapple at the end. And - but I love them so much that I have planted my own Pitmaston Pineapple tree. And in a couple years, I'm really hoping it bears fruit.","Tracy Chevalier's new novel is \"At The Edge Of The Orchard. \"","Tracy Chevalier, it's good to talk to you. Thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The narrator has a strong appreciation for the Pitmaston Pineapple, as they have made the effort to plant their own tree to experience the taste of it.","questions":"What is the name of the narrator's favorite apple?","answer":"Pitmaston"}
{"text":["Shanta, thanks for coming on.","Thank you for having me.","So we just heard Ward Connerly and he strongly disagrees with your position. He says that people shouldn't be treated differently in hiring and education because of race and that you've actually mischaracterized the deposition you did with him on October. How do you respond to that?","I think our characterization, my characterization of the deposition was completely accurate, and I think what Mr.  Connerly was saying was a complete non-sequitur. The truth of the matter is where affirmative action programs have been eliminated like in the University of California system. There's been a tremendous drop in black and Latino student enrollment in all the graduate law and medical programs and at U. C. Berkeley and UCLA and I think it's just disingenuous and dishonest to say that black and Latino students are now being matched with colleges that they're academically able to go to."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Literally, turn (4) is a response to the question posed by the interviewer. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is defending affirmative action programs and arguing against Ward Connerly's stance on the issue. The speaker is also accusing Mr. Connerly of being disingenuous and dishonest in his arguments against affirmative action.","questions":"What is the PersonA's stance on affirmative action programs?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["Yes, and that's a very different situation because the ice sitting on the ocean, when it melts, it doesn't change sea level. If you think of a glass of ice tea and you put your ice cubes in the ice tea, when the ice melts, your ice tea, obviously, doesn't overflow. The ice just - it. . .","There's quite a difference in volume, but not big enough.","Yeah. It basically doesn't - but the melting ice that's floating doesn't matter, but what - but a lot of the ice sitting on Greenland and on Antarctic, the continent of Antarctica, when that ice melts, that does, in fact, add water to the sea. And those are in the long term, likely to drive the sea level rise and could drive the sea level rise by a great deal in the coming decades and centuries.","So is anomalous - I mean, is this - as you said, it's definitely part of a trend. There's no way to argue with it anymore, about the warming and that it's having real effects. How is it going faster than people feared?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Melting ice on Greenland and Antarctica will increase sea levels","questions":"How will melting ice on Greenland and Antarctica affect sea levels?","answer":"Increase."}
{"text":["It's time now for our Africa Update. The search begins for an African Einstein. In South Africa this week, at least two dozen people have been killed in a wave of attacks on foreigners and we look at Rwanda's new economic force, women. For more, we've got Roxanne Lawson, she's director of Africa Policy for TransAfrica Forum. Hey, Roxanne.","Hi, how are you doing?","I'm doing great. So let's talk about some disturbing news form South Africa. It's the biggest economic power on the continent and plenty of immigrants from other African nations are flooding into the country, legally or not. South Africans are accusing these immigrants of taking away jobs and causing crime, in some ways it's similar to a lot of the debates right here in the U. S.  Now, some South Africans are getting into brutal attacks on foreigners. At least 24 people have been killed in unrest that broke out a week ago. So what's the latest on the violence?","You're directly right that it actually is very much like what we see here in the United States with our migration issues. As of this morning, official reports that 217 people have been arrested, over 3,000 have been displaced and 22 people are dead."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"South Africans are accusing these immigrants of taking away jobs and causing crime\" - This turn has a figurative meaning, as immigrants are not literally taking away jobs and causing crime, but rather this is a perceived issue by some South Africans.","questions":"Which issue with immigrants in South Africa is perceived by some people as taking away jobs and causing crime?","answer":"Job"}
{"text":["Well, I met him on the phone first. I asked him what he did and he said: Walter, I'm a freelance central banker. Other things that came up during the phone call - the fact that he'd never tasted Coca-Cola, never eaten in a restaurant - got me to thinking, I, as a fiction writer, have to meet this guy. It would be professional malpractice if I didn't.","Now, you met him finally. He said he lived in the same apartment building as Tony Bennett, as a matter of fact. This struck you as a building where a rich person might live but. . .","Well, you know, it was a block off of Central Park. He invited me up and there was no furniture, no real food in the kitchen. But there was what appeared to be, em, maybe $80, $90 million worth of Jackson Pollocks, Rothkos, and de Koonings hanging on the walls.","Was he brilliant at some level?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Was he brilliant at some level? - Implied meaning: Was he very wealthy or successful?","questions":"What kind of paintings were hanging on the walls?","answer":"Jackson,Pollocks,,Rothkos,,and,de,Koonings"}
{"text":["You can see the hurricanes. . .","That's right.",". . . the tornadoes and things and try to connect the dots themselves if no one else is going to connect the dots for them.","That's exactly right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of (3) is to encourage people to learn and understand the connection between the hurricanes, tornadoes and other natural disasters, without relying on someone else to do it for them.","questions":"What is the message of turn 2?","answer":"Encourage"}
{"text":["Oh, there's a sea lion. See its nose coming up right there?","Oh, yeah.","That sea lion's got the same mission we do. We're both looking for salmon. But first, we need that ice to chill the catch.","It gets sprayed down from the dock in a giant tube, enough for two big coolers."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The sea lion is searching for food in the same way that we are, so it can be seen as a symbol of perseverance and determination.","questions":"How can the sea lion be interpreted in the context of the dialogue?","answer":"symbol"}
{"text":["People who read the exchange drove from all over to eat at Sichuan Garden, post praise for their food and service and suggest that the Harvard prof had too many degrees and not enough good sense or human grace.","By weeks' end, the sheriff of the Internet had surrendered. It's clear that I was very much out of line, Ben Edelman posted on his website. I am sorry and I intend to do better in the future.","And some Harvard business students, perhaps from chagrin, began a campaign for people to make $4 donations to the Greater Boston Food Bank. Maybe the next time Mr.  Edelman has Chinese food, he'll end the meal with a fortune cookie that says it is sometimes better to be wise then right.","(Singing) Everybody has the right to be wrong at least once. Everybody has the right to be dunce-like once-like. Not being too smart is no disgrace. What sets you apart is smiling with egg on your face."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is aware that there may be differing opinions on the topic being discussed and is acknowledging the possibility of disagreement.","questions":"How did the speaker acknowledge the possibility of disagreement?","answer":"Acknowledged"}
{"text":["So what you're hearing is a measurement that we make on our new mission. We just launched the Radiation Storm Belt Probes back in the very end of August. And we make measurements of the radio waves, and it turns out that these radio waves are in the same frequency range as human hearing. So we can take our measurement. We just turned into a WAV file or an MP3 file, and then you can listen to it.","Wow. And you have some other sounds as well, right?I think we have one ready to go.","What's that one?","That's a very classic sound for people in our field. That's something called a whistler, and it's been known for a very, very long time. And it comes about when a lightning strike occurs on the surface of the Earth. And that sends out a whole broad range of various radio waves, and they go up. And some of them can make it out through the Earth's ionosphere, which tends to reflect a lot of it. And as they move along out into space, it turns out the higher frequencies, the treble pitches, move faster than the slower, basier(ph) pitches. And so when they get to our satellite and measure them, what you hear first is that high pitch, and then it sweeps downward to lower and lower and lower frequency."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The radio waves can be heard by humans.","questions":"What is the frequency range of the radio waves?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Well, it is. It starts off in Pumalin Park, which is temperate rain forest - so think of the coast of British Columbia - all the way down into the grassland\/steppe areas toward the tip of the country. It really encompasses almost every ecotone that one would find in the south of the country.","We should note this is now the largest private donation of land to a government ever. You and your husband ran this place as a park for a long time. I've been there. And it is indeed just one of the most beautiful places I've ever been. Why hand it over to the government of Chile?","Well, you know, we grew up within the national parks here in the United States. And there is a sense of, I would even say, ownership by every American who goes through the front gates of Yellowstone or Yosemite, that those are public parks. They belong to everybody. And Chile is no different. We hope that somehow between the creation of national parks, the development of what we call economic development as a consequence of conservation that precious masterpieces of the country will be preserved forever.","Have you gotten guarantees, though, that the government of Chile will run it in a way that's sustainable?There have been concerns about the capacity of the government of Chile to really run these parks in the same way that you've run them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In this turn, the speaker is using the phrase \"run it in a way that's sustainable\" in a metaphorical sense, meaning to manage the park in a way that preserves its natural resources and ecological balance, rather than just its financial profitability.","questions":"Which sense is the speaker referencing in turn 3?","answer":"Metaphorical"}
{"text":["Well, I think one of my roles - at least the way I pretty much defined my life and work for 35 years in the academy and was quite lucky in serendipitous ways began teaching at Yale at the time of the moment that's now considered, I guess, the revolutionary moment at Yale with the Black Panthers and Bobby Seale and Erica Huggins and others.","So, I always saw a kind of resistive undercurrent in the university even at its Ivy League level. And I've tried to identify myself in the academy with that resistive undercurrent. And I've tried to maintain an integrity of my public appearances and what I write that never refuses to look at the fact that racism, in my estimation, is more rampant in the United States and globally than ever before.","One can say is the glass half-full or half-empty. I think that's mere casuistry. It seems to me that the glass is empty for the majority of Americans now, not just black Americans, and it's not near any liquid refreshments source that I know of, the foreclosures, the economics of the present time, the war.","It seems to me that Henry Louis Gates Jr.  and Cornel West made a deliberate turn at a certain point in their career and decided, in the case of Mr.  Gates for example, that he was not going to do another profoundly brilliant book in his\u2026","Well, professor, I'm sorry, we have to wrap this up. There's a lot there, but thank you so much, Professor Baker."],"speaker":["A","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The interview or conversation is coming to an end and the speaker needs to conclude.","questions":"Which turn indicates that the speaker needs to conclude the interview or conversation?","answer":"Wrap"}
{"text":["There's been such wild swings. You know, in 2014, we were here talking about a dreadful harvest in Italy that was mostly due to the olive oil fruit fly, which was a big problem following a warmer-than-usual winter. This year, it's a deep freeze. And among farmers in Italy, they feel like these extreme swings are happening more often. Experts that we talked to believe that climate change is a factor.","I don't know the Olive Oil Times.","(Laughter) Well, you should. It's the most read olive oil publication. You know, it seems niche, but there are 3 million people around the world who make - who work to make olive oil. It's a very important food, one of the healthiest products that the Earth provides us. And there's a lot to tell. It's also a cultural cornerstone for the Mediterranean region and the rest of us.","Curtis Cord, publisher of the Olive Oil Times, we'll be reading it. Thanks so much, Mr.  Cord."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Extreme weather swings are happening more often due to climate change","questions":"What is the factor behind the frequent extreme weather swings?","answer":"Climate"}
{"text":["That's depressing, Marc. I'm Flora Lichtman and this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Marc Abrahams. So the world is getting worse based on Professor Trinkaus' studies. Is there any upside to this news?","The upside is he's still there counting. He hasn't given up on us. And. . .","The other thing is that these are really interesting reports. They're so short and they're written in clear language, and they've got numbers. And he's got all this data. He's got about 100 of these reports on different subjects. They're sitting there waiting for anybody to come along and try to make sense of the data. And some of them are really tiny things. He noticed that in the building where he worked in New York City, sometimes there would be some doors that were open and other doors that were shut. And he counted how many people, when confronted with a door that's open and a door that's shut, will go through the open door and how many people choose to go through the door that's shut so they have to open it themselves.","I liked this one, \"Taste Preferences for Brussels Sprouts: An Informal Look. \"And as you might have suspected, 54 percent of young students found the vegetable to be very repulsive. That's one of his findings. Does anyone cite his work?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : upside implies the advantage or benefits, not a part or side being above ","questions":"Which word is used to describe the advantage or benefits in the dialogue?","answer":"Upside"}
{"text":["You know there are some including the West Point history professor, Lieutenant Colonel John Gentile, who say that it's not so much that we've sent in these extra troops or changed our strategy, it's that we got Muqtada al-Sadr's forces to have a ceasefire and we essentially hired 100,000 former Sunni insurgents to come onto our payroll and try to keep quiet.","That's an absolute distortion of what's actually happened. Look, I've been going to Iraq for the last two years, every three or four months for a couple of weeks at a time. I have spoken to the Sunni insurgent leaders and they have capitulated. There's not a white flag of surrender, but they have come into the political process.","Why did you come into the political process?Why didn't you continue to seek your political objectives using armed violence?Answer, because we couldn't win. One of them said, when Bush occupied Baghdad, we knew we didn't have a chance. Those are his words not mine. The awakening movement had already started in Anbar province, but the fact of the matter is with the catalyst of additional troops, that awakening movement, as you say, the Sons of Iraq.","This is the people we hired to."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Iraqi Sunni insurgents have given up their struggle against the US-led government, and have accepted its terms for peace.","questions":"How have the Iraqi Sunni insurgents responded to the US-led government's terms for peace?","answer":"Capitulated"}
{"text":["So I work in merchandising strategy at Tiffany jewelry company.","Have you spoken to your bosses about what may happen in March if your DACA authorization expires?And you're a manager, too. What are you telling your employees?","So at this point, not everyone on the staff is familiar or knows what my status is just because we don't think it's necessary until we finally get to the point where I'll no longer be able to work here. So my management team - they're extremely supportive. And they're watching the news just like I am. So, you know, when it gets closer to March, I'll have to have a discussion with the team that I have out here. But at this point, we're all just hoping and praying that something changes, that we do get a DREAM Act, that we don't have to deal with this because, you know, there's a potential that I just won't have a job after March 22.","Tolu Aleshinloye is a DACA recipient in Miami. Thank you very much for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A's job may be at risk due to the expiration of their DACA status, and they are hoping for a DREAM Act to be passed.","questions":"What is PersonA's hope regarding their job?","answer":"Stability"}
{"text":["The 767 is a workhorse of an airplane. It's been flying since 1981. Boeing has made more than a thousand of them. As passenger airlines sell off older members of their fleets, many 767s end up as cargo planes. And it's one of these leased to Amazon that crashed last Saturday near Houston. Three people onboard died. Yesterday, investigators discovered the cockpit voice recorder. We spoke with Todd Curtis, an aviation safety and security analyst and founder of airsafe. com, and asked if the 767 is a safe aircraft.","Generally speaking, yes. This is an aircraft that's been used in military versions, passenger versions, freight versions since the early 1980s. This is an aircraft that's had a lot of experience. It's been through a lot of vetting during the original design phase, as well as throughout its history. So there're, at present, no real issues on the level of the NTSB or the FAA being worried about this airplane.","What's known about this specific aircraft that crashed?It was 26 years old. Anything else about its history we know?","Well, this particular aircraft is typical for an older 767. That is, it went through several operators through its lifespan. And in recent years, after it stopped being a passenger airliner, it was converted to being a cargo airliner and had been flying for some time with Atlas Airlines, which, in this case, had the aircraft leased out to Amazon."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The 767 has a good safety record and is not a concern for the FAA.","questions":"What organization is not concerned about the safety of the 767?","answer":"FAA."}
{"text":["That's the idea. With the blue ASU, the Army tried to - it was kind of supposed to be a throwback to the Civil War or to the Revolutionary War when soldiers wore navy-blue jackets. But it wasn't and hasn't been very recognizable to the public. Everyone knows what a Marine looks like. You know what a sailor looks like. Officers wear those nice dress whites. But that ASU wasn't as recognizable. And I think part of the idea behind this is that people have seen movies. They recognize what a World War II-era soldier looked like. And so there's a lot of - yes - public admiration for seeing the guy in the olive-drab suit.","And when are they going to make the decision?","There's supposed to be a decision this spring - so within the next few months. I think, though, the last bit of it is the sergeant major and a couple of models that he has who are wearing prototypes have been going around to events, going to Capitol Hill, getting, you know, Congress and the lawmakers to sign off, to give their stamp of approval and then, in the next couple of months, make a final decision about mass-producing it.","Meghann Myers of the Army Times, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The blue ASU uniform is not recognizable to the public and the Army is trying to change that by making it resemble the uniforms from World War II-era that people recognize from movies.","questions":"Which war is the ASU uniform supposed to be a throwback to?","answer":"WorldWar-II"}
{"text":["Yeah.","That is just a staggering figure. Is the battle to keep San Francisco affordable already a lost battle?","That's a very good question, Ailsa. And I would - you know, I'm still optimistic that we can turn things around here and right the ship in San Francisco. We can't just keep supporting job creation and growth unchecked. And now in 2019, it's time for us to ask the tech sector to start paying their fair share in taxes so that we can support everybody to be able to live and thrive in our city.","San Francisco Supervisor Gordon Mar joined us from member station KQED in San Francisco. Thank you very much for speaking with us.","Thank you, Ailsa."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : San Francisco needs to start asking the tech sector to pay their fair share of taxes so that everyone can live and thrive in the city.","questions":"What is the solution proposed by PersonA for ensuring everyone can live and thrive in San Francisco?","answer":"taxes"}
{"text":["What drew you to getting involved?","I made a comic about him earlier this year, and I sort of rallied this fan base of Nikola Tesla fans. And then I actually was involved in this little lawsuit in June. It was unrelated to Tesla. But as part of this lawsuit, I ended up starting a charity campaign, a crowd funding campaign to raise money for cancer and for the National Wildlife Federation. And it was a huge success. We raised like 10 times the amount of money we needed. Instead of raising 20 grand, we raised $211,000.","So then I heard in August about this real estate in Long Island that was up for sale that was Nikola Tesla's old laboratory, and I figured with my army of Tesla fans on the Internet and my previous experience with crowd funding, I thought I would be the perfect person to come in and see if I could make a difference.","Your comic, I think, is titled \"Why Nikola Tesla Was The Greatest Geek Who Ever Lived. \"Would you mind making that case for us?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A thinks that with their army of Tesla fans and experience with crowd funding, they can make a difference in Nikola Tesla's old laboratory.","questions":"How did PersonA feel about their previous experience with crowd funding?","answer":"Perfect"}
{"text":["It doesn't want to concede to American pressure because it fears that if it concedes under pressure, that's going to project weakness and invite even more pressure. And so for that reason, you've seen, rather than Iran capitulating or compromising, they've begun escalating. But I think the endgame for both sides is - there's really no alternative to coming back to the negotiating table.","And there has been a string of headlines from the region involving Iran in recent weeks. This incident with the British tanker, of course, comes right after the U. S.  says it brought down an Iranian drone. Of course, Iran disputes that version of events. How connected are these events?","They're all interconnected. And essentially, the Trump administration's policy toward Iran has been to subject Iran to significant economic pressure and sanctions in the hopes that either Iran will come to the negotiating table and capitulate over its nuclear program or - I think there's some folks in the Trump administration, like national security adviser John Bolton, who would like to see the implosion of the Iranian regime.","And what Iran has done in response - Iran's supreme leader has been ruling for 30 years, and he's become pretty adept at these escalatory cycles. And he's adept at waving both the white flag of diplomacy and the black flag of radicalism and escalation. So on one hand, he sent his chief diplomat - Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif - he was recently in New York City, and he met with a lot of Western journalists. And he was talking about Iran wanting to pursue dialogue and diplomacy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is no actual endgame - this is hyperbole talking about how the situation might end up ","questions":"How does \"A\" describe the endgame for both sides?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Yeah, it's a fine line. There is definitely a vernacular in law enforcement that is regional. On the West Coast, we call them suspects. On the East Coast, I think they call them perps - or maybe that's just the New York or the New England region. . .","Perps, short for perpetrators.","Yeah, short for perpetrator. And for a long time, our crime scene investigators weren't called crime scene investigators. They were crime scene analysts or forensic specialists and whatnot. And just about everybody has now changed their scientific investigations division to be called CSI. 'Cause you got to, you got to answer the phone: CSI, Smith.","Have you had screenwriters, aspiring novelists or actors say to you what kind of person is a cop?Why do they do it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn that has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning is (3). In this turn, the speaker is discussing how the names of crime scene investigators have evolved over time, and how many departments have now adopted the name \"CSI.\" However, the implied meaning is that popular culture, specifically the TV show CSI, has had an influence on the naming conventions of law enforcement agencies. ","questions":"What has had an influence on the naming conventions of law enforcement agencies?","answer":"Popculture"}
{"text":["Well, we have shared the coordinates of health facilities, school facilities and so on for the very purpose to make sure they're protected. Sadly, several of these facilities received a direct hit. Actually, the secretary-general has called for a board of inquiry to investigate into these cases and to find out what had happened.","For us, it's a question of trust, and it's a question of protection when we say - when we give these coordinates, we expect that all parties in the conflict will respect them. And when that doesn't happen, that's really a significant problem for all and, most importantly, for the people who find themselves - that we have had incidents of ambulances receiving direct aid. Hospitals, doctors, nurses would be in the middle of an operational procedure or who had gone to this place for medical treatment and to find themselves being bombed inside the hospital or children in the school. That's something that is really totally unacceptable.","Panos Moumtzis is the United Nations humanitarian coordinator for the Syria crisis. Thanks so much for being with us, sir.","Thank you for calling me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Facilities that were supposed to be safe places were bombed. ","questions":"How were the facilities affected?","answer":"Bombed"}
{"text":["If you thought the fight over the FBI's Russia investigation couldn't get any more contentious, this past week, of course, it did. The White House has refused to declassify a competing Democratic memo that challenges claims made by the Republicans alleging bias and abuse in the FBI. President Trump had given the OK to release the GOP memo. Both documents are products of infighting within the House intelligence committee. Jamil Jaffer was a lawyer in the White House under President George W.  Bush. And he was senior counsel to the House intel committee. He joins us from Colorado today. Welcome to the program.","Thanks. Good to be here, Lulu.","You've called this a, quote, \"massive strategic miscalculation on the part of the White House. \"Why?","Look. I mean, part of the challenge here is the president is alleging that there was massive corruption at the FBI, at the Justice Department - an attempt to engage in political surveillance. And by allowing one side's memo to come out - the House Republicans' memo to come out - without releasing the House Democrats' memo, it plays into that partisan narrative. And as a result, it discredits the ability to make the point that there was - whether there was or was not, in fact, problems with the FBI."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It would suggest that the documents were physically produced as a result of infighting. However, the intended meaning is that the documents were created due to disagreements or conflicts within the House intelligence committee.","questions":"What caused the creation of both documents?","answer":"Disagrrements."}
{"text":["I made up my own mind. I figured that at some point it would turn into a mandatory evacuation and I wanted to get ahead of the traffic.","You know, to have gone through this once is bad enough. To be going through it a second time, I can't even imagine what that must have been like. As you were getting closer to having to make the decision to get up and get out, what went through your mind?","I immediately remembered what it was like three years ago, and I think that I was in sort of disbelief. I couldn't believe that I was going through it again. And I - the first thing I thought of was OK, what do I need to take with me that I want to see again?Because I immediately thought of what happened during Katrina and how, you know, it just caught us all off guard, and I just wanted to be prepared.","What did you take?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A remembered the unpreparedness during Katrina and wanted to pack accordingly","questions":"Which disaster did PersonA reference while making the decision to evacuate?","answer":"Katrina"}
{"text":["Because presidents that are about to be removed from office see the writing on the wall. Richard Nixon had a very good sense of his waning support in the Senate. And when he saw it collapse, he realized that if he hung on, he would be removed, and he would lose his presidential pension.","Interesting. So one of the complaints that President Trump is making and that his supporters are making is that this is a purely partisan process. Has that complaint been made before?Is that what people normally say?Or is there something about this particular circumstance that's different?","The reason that impeachment was kept on the shelf for over a hundred years after the Johnson impeachment process was that it was viewed by all sides in the American political community as highly partisan. But it doesn't always have to be the case. And in the Nixon era - a period when I think we saw a model impeachment process - the democratic leadership bent over backwards to make the process as bipartisan as possible.","We keep hearing all kinds of comments from - particularly from former Republican members about what members of their caucus say privately. But there's no way to know how to evaluate that. We do know that publicly, the Republicans are insisting that this is partisan. The Democrats are insisting that no, it isn't. It's a constitutional matter. Do you see from where you sit a way to bridge this difference of perspective?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Nixon saw his support leave him and realized that if stayed president he would lose money.","questions":"Which president had a good sense of his waning support in the Senate?","answer":"Nixon"}
{"text":["Thank you.","This study was conducted by some FDA researchers. Can you tell us more about what they found?","They found that some of the chemical active ingredients in sunscreen - oxybenzone, avobenzone - was absorbed through the skin. But they did not make a determination about whether or not that meant health effects - health side effects from that absorption.","You were behind Consumer Reports' extensive ranking of sunscreens. So in light of this news, how should we think about our choice of sunscreen?What should we look for?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Sunscreen ingredients can be absorbed by the skin, but the health effects are still unknown","questions":"Which chemical ingredients in sunscreen can be absorbed by the skin?","answer":"Oxybenzone,,Avobenzone"}
{"text":["And in most car journeys, he'd be playing me music and reciting poetry. So it was really extraordinary being a daughter of such a man.","Rebecca, I mentioned earlier how I grew up in a very religious family. I don't go to church that much anymore. Actually, I don't go at all. So I'm wondering, for you, where is your faith now?Do you still have it?","No one's asked me that question (laughter). I would say that one of the things I expected from this book was that it would lay some ghosts for me, and I think it has. I still cannot open the Bible without hearing the sound of those men using scriptures almost like rapiers with each other. They knew the Bible inside out, so they would use one scripture to trump another. And it was all men locking horns, you know. So it's hard for me not to see the Bible full of words that have been used for warfare, if you like.","And yeah, I've been surprised at the effect on me of writing the book and also of the many, many people who have written to me, ex-Brethren - I would say 70 or 80 by now - beautiful letters from elderly people writing to me to say, the Brethren was a terrible thing. We all lived through it - and telling me their stories but saying, I came to find a kinder God and kinder Christians outside. And I've been really moved by how much people have wanted me to know about their kinder God."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implication of the statement is that Rebecca has been touched by the stories of how many of the ex-Brethren were able to find a kinder God and kinder Christians outside of the Brethren.","questions":"How has Rebecca been moved by the stories of ex-Brethren?","answer":"Moved"}
{"text":["Oh, thanks for having me on, Scott.","What made you decide to do this?","You know, Scott, we'd been trying to sort of open up the view of this place to the public pretty much from day one. But we had to get through some of these hurdles so that, in the event of bad things going on in jail, we're not going to hide from it. We're going to be transparent. And we'll attempt to work through firing, criminally charging, if - as necessary as well - but to let the public know that we're trying. We're not involved with some cover-up, or this isn't some big secret.","Bad things going on - I mean, to be plain about it, you mean mostly guards abusing inmates?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the interviewer is seeking clarification on what the interviewee means by \"bad things going on.\" However, the actual meaning is that the interviewer is making an assumption that \"bad things going on\" primarily refers to guards abusing inmates, even though the interviewee did not explicitly state this.","questions":"What is the interviewer assuming about the meaning of \"bad things going on\" in turn (3)?","answer":"Inmates"}
{"text":["Henry Ford believed in it, didn't he?","That's right. And then he was forced by the courts to retract.","You take a look at these forgeries, and you're struck by the fact that they took a lot of work, discipline, creativity - qualities that you would like to think could be used more responsibly and honorably.","Yeah. In fact, that was our conclusion as a working group. And what we determined at the end was just how incredibly creative this activity is. We think of it as destructive, right?We think of it as deceptive - fabricating or mutilating history. But in a sense, that's also what historians have been doing for various personal motives or political motives over time. But in any event, even in that destruction, there is this kernel of the imagination and the desire to find ways to persuade other people to believe things - even preposterous things - as the truth, or at least to be plausible. And I think that's where the power of forgery as a category of human expression really, I think, looms large in our history."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the speaker is implying that forgery is a powerful form of expression and has been used throughout history for various political and personal motives.","questions":"What quality is associated with forgery that the speaker believes could be used more responsibly and honorably?","answer":"creativity"}
{"text":["The writer Michael Kinsley, who's a friend of this program, wrote about the surge a few months ago. Look at the numbers before the surge. Look at the numbers after the surge. This is what the Bush administration calls a success. One hundred and thirty thousand Americans in Iraq at the beginning and at the end. This country will still have about 130,000 soldiers - American soldiers in Iraq. Michael Kinsley said, have we really succeeded anything or have we just kind of changed the metric in some way?","Oh my Lord. I mean, what we have in Iraq, and I just got back, you know, less than two weeks ago. What we have in Iraq is a government that is elected by its people. It's the only Arab-Muslim country of that type, of that form of government in that region. It will have a long- term security relationship and a strategic relationship with the United States and be aligned with the United States. That is a major positive outcome for us, particularly given the fact that in 2006 we nearly lost the country and suffered a humiliating defeat.","Things do look an awful lot different than they did two years ago. You had a significant role in that, in thinking about what should be done at a time when it was a very unpopular plan to be putting forth. No one was - there wasn't a very big cheering squad for that. I wonder if you sit back on an evening now and feel some kind of sense of satisfaction?What is that?'","Well, I think there were a lot of people that, you know, have a hand in it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The government in Iraq is a major positive outcome for the US.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the government in Iraq?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me with you.","So, let's start with what exactly they are.","Okay. Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors. They're growth of muscle within the uterine wall. And sometimes they can be the size of a dime, and because of their location, they give you severe symptoms. And rarely, they can get to be the size of a basketball before they're recognized.","That's sounds pretty horrific.","It can be. It's amazing how much difficulty they can give to women that, in general, women can have severe menstrual bleeding - the kind of bleeding that keeps you home from work or keeps you from being able to do your daily activities - or they can press on a lot body structures. And they are very common, and it's surprising that so few women know that they have fibroids and that their symptoms may be related to them.","Now, research shows that about 25 percent of women in America are going to show some symptoms of fibroids, but they occur a lot more often in black women than white women. How much more often and why do scientists think that is?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Thank you for having me with you. Implicated meaning: Expressing gratitude for the invitation or hospitality.","questions":"Which word did PersonA use to express gratitude for the invitation or hospitality?","answer":"Thank"}
{"text":["And then I decided to come out. Now it's been going on several hours. I'm several streets away from the Champs-Elysees, Scott, but the people - it's like it's the second revolution coming because people are turning over - they're building barricades in the street. We're still - we've got helicopters overhead. They're still firing tear gas. And everyone around me is wearing a yellow vest.","Now, fuel prices have gone up - I have read, I think - 23 percent over the past year. And protesters blame the government for this.","Well, the government - the French pay some of the highest gas prices in the world, like, about more than $6 a gallon, Scott. And the government says it's going to raise the taxes again in January to finance the transition to an ecological economy - you know, more environmentally friendly fuels.","And, you know, for people who have to drive to work - blue-collar workers, just everyday people - this is outrageous. They say they can't make it anymore, so they've come out into the street. And, Scott, this movement has no leaders. There are no unions behind it. There are housewives. There are retirees - regular people. There are people who have never protested before. So it's turned into a movement. No one knows where it's going to go now."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It will be difficult to keep the unemployment rate at 8 percent and it is likely to increase.","questions":"Which rate is likely to increase?","answer":"Unemployment"}
{"text":["So, what happened in West Virginia certainly doesn't instill confidence necessarily in a municipal water system I would think.","The fact that this happens so infrequently actually I think is a testament to the quality of our drinking water. I mean, it's quite remarkable. I could go anywhere in the U. S.  and have some tap water and not really give a second thought about its quality. I can't do that in most parts of the world. You know, there's no question you're right. We have to remain vigilant. There are always sources of contamination that water providers have to be worried about - natural sources, microbes, pathogens, bacteria and such. And then there are obviously these accidents. One of the reasons this chemical got into the system so quickly is that no one expected it to be in the water. And so the treatment system wasn't set up to deal with it.","Yeah. And now they're telling pregnant women you may still not want to drink this water, although other people can. And that, I think, makes people feel like, well, what do you mean?","Think about this, though. I mean, there are over 60,000 chemicals in commerce in the United States and only a fraction of those have had really significant toxicity testing. And so the chemical that's spilled here is something that's used to, you know, to treat coal. It's not something you'd expect to find in your drinking water. And that's not a justification for why we don't have the data, because we should have it. It ended up in our drinking water. But the scale of the problem I think is important to keep in mind as well."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In Turn 2, the speaker is implying that even though the incident in West Virginia was unfortunate, it is still a testament to the quality of drinking water in the US, as similar incidents rarely occur. ","questions":"What incident in West Virginia is being referred to in the dialogue?","answer":"The-incident"}
{"text":["All right. A lot to discuss, I think. What do you make of the president's reaction to this book, from the press conference to Twitter to a cease-and-desist order to the book's publisher?","Well, I'll say it's classic Trump in that it is probably self-destructive - certainly not in the president and the White House's best interest to do so - but also entirely predictable. This is a man who has sort of built his entire public career around being involved in media spats like this. I think it was a - it was certainly a mistake initially for the president to issue a statement, as he did on Wednesday when these excerpts first started coming out.","Now the White House is trying to say - basically, since that very moment - saying that the book is tabloid trash, that there are a lot of problems. And I agree. There are a lot of problems with the credibility of the book. But that initial reaction and the engagement with the book has, I think, made this story even bigger than it already would have been.","And the book a best-seller. I mean, you know. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president's reaction is self-destructive, but predictable due to his past involvement in media spats.","questions":"What did the president issue on Wednesday?","answer":"Statement"}
{"text":["\"The Interview,\" a bromance.","Tamara, are these mostly symbolic sanctions?I mean, North Korea's already under significant sanctions.","Significant. There have been four UN Security Council resolutions adopted since 2006, as well as two U. S.  sanctions programs. These are largely targeted at North Korea's weapons development - nuclear weapons development. So you could easily argue that these new sanctions are just piling onto a pretty big pile already.","U. S.  officials insist, though, that these are new and different because they name 10 individuals, most of whom work for the country's main arms dealer. They say that this naming them is going to make it very hard for those people to do business basically anywhere in the world. The White House also says that there are more sanctions yet to come."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  Implies that the new sanctions are going to make life very difficult for the individuals named, and that there may be more sanctions in the future.","questions":"What is the reason U.S. officials insist that the new sanctions are different from the previous ones?","answer":"Individuals"}
{"text":["Yeah. So it's interesting with Magnus Carlsen - he realized early on that fixing small things, like what he drinks during the course of a game, will alter the way he functions, especially in the last hour or so of the game. And so one of the things that was really fascinating about this was when I was talking to his dad. His dad was like, oh, we went to the Olympic Training Center. And they were told immediately that the orange juice that he was drinking was causing for the sugar levels to take a huge dip in the fifth and sixth hours of game. And so they were asked to replace that with milk.","Meaning he'd have a little energy crash. So the idea is you need to keep yourself sustained with something that gives you energy but won't have the crash and that you need to do that even if you're not skiing, right. . .","Exactly. Exactly.",". . . Even if you're playing chess. So as we look at the world cup of chess, which is happening right now, what are you going to be watching for?What are the things you'll see and you'll think, that's somebody who's using some training?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Energy does not actually crash but the person gets very tired after a while.","questions":"What alters the way Magnus Carlsen functions during the last hour of a game?","answer":"sugar"}
{"text":["This is rhetorical. Like what to the Negro is the Fourth of July?A flag should be stitched with a fuse. Jefferson said, for each generation, a flag. Maybe he said constitution. I once raised a high-top flag of my hair, a fist, a leather medallion of the motherland.","I studied heraldry and maniples, which are not what you might guess, little sails and banners down to the vein of a feather. Because his kids were rebel cities, my father loved like Sherman. Because I wanted history I could touch like the flank of a beast.","What's that phrase - each flag should come with a fuse?","(Laughter) The flag should be stitched with a fuse, yes."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The phrase \"stitched with a fuse\" is figurative, meaning that each generation of people should be prepared to fight for their rights and freedoms. The speaker is not literally suggesting that flags should be physically stitched with a fuse.","questions":"How is the phrase \"stitched with a fuse\" used in the dialogue?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Well, they're sort of wrapping up. I mean once the storm makes landfall here then they sort of move on to the next thing. So, you have a lot of media around, but in fact the meteorologists are just checking their figures and sort winding down.","And what details do you have on the storm?How much rain is expected from the hurricane?","Well, the hurricane could drop up to a foot of rain in some areas. It really depends precisely where you are. Especially areas that are to the east and north of the center of the storm - could get very very heavy rainfall.","There have been, kind of, expectations that the storm would be as big, maybe as Katrina, maybe even bigger and a lot of very scary talk from New Orleans fears prompting evacuations. What is the difference between hurricanes Gustav and Katrina?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The rainfall from the hurricane varies depending on location","questions":"How much rain can areas to the east and north of the center of the storm get?","answer":"Heavy"}
{"text":["I am deeply skeptical of that.","It's true, it's true. It's the - the analysis depends on the content of the air and the water in the specific place where your mother - the area where your mother was living when she was pregnant with you because that's the first bone that forms in your body as a part of the skull bone, apparently. Just as we can take a section of your thigh bone and that will give us a longitudinal picture of where you've been living for the last seven years.","Wow.","It's magic, isn't it?It's exactly those wild moments that I love, and there's a case in the book from - we were talking about insects earlier. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning behind (3) is not just a simple expression of astonishment but also an acknowledgment of the amazement of the speaker.","questions":"Which emotion does (3) express?","answer":"Astonishment"}
{"text":["Well, if you look at San Francisco, San Francisco, the volatile section is the section under $321,000. There really are houses in San Francisco worth less than that, and those are the ones that are really in the foreclosure pipeline. So even in the west, even in these very high-value markets, there are a lot of properties that are going to be affected by this too.","A lot of the foreclosure activity was at the low end because that's where the tremendous wave of credit flowed into the market, enfranchised people, caused the lower end to triple. The lower end is still by and large within that conforming limit.","Karl Case is a professor of economics at Wellesley College and co-developer of the Case-Shiller Home Prices Index. Their latest report is out today. Karl Case, thank you very much.","Pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : you are welcome is implied in response to Thank you very much","questions":"What response did PersonA give to PersonB's statement in turn 2?","answer":"Pleasure"}
{"text":["And then the women also said they wanted their jacket to look like that. They wanted to wear a male tie, which is unusual. Usually women wear, like, kind of a little crosshatch-looking tie. But they wanted to wear a long, male tie. And they wanted a pencil skirt.","Were the women and the men in the military polled about this?","Yeah. From different ranks, they had people come in and look at the uniforms or hats, you know, sent the prototypes to them and said, what do you like?Is this comfortable?And what would you like to see?","So they get some sartorial input."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The women wanted to wear a long, male tie and pencil skirt, which is unusual for women.","questions":"How did the women want to wear their ties?","answer":"long"}
{"text":["And so these two ally's ships were absolutely overmatched. Rooks did not try to avoid the battle; he offered himself to it. And in the end these two allied ships were absolutely overwhelmed by the power that fell upon them - Japanese torpedoes and shells, hitting them left and right. The Houston was finally hit by four torpedoes, which opened up her hull to the sea and the ship slowly began to settle in about 140 feet of water to the site of the wreck that the Navy's exploring today.","And could you tell us, please, about the ship's chaplain because he won the Navy Cross.","He did. Commander George Rentz was the oldest man on the ship. He was 59 years old on the night the Houston was sunk. He was clinging to a pontoon that belonged to one of the Houston's floatplanes. This pontoon was riddled by shrapnel, was taken on water, but it was literally a life raft for about a dozen or more Houston sailors.","He said to the sailors who were with him, he said, you men are young. I've lived the major part of my life; I'm willing to go."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: please tell us about the significance of the ship's chaplain and the award he won","questions":"How was the ship's chaplain recognized?","answer":"Navy-Cross"}
{"text":["Yeah - no - no, Martians here.","OK.  You've - is it fair - you've gone into Michael Cohen's background extensively. Is it fair to call him a fixer?","You know, I think that he handled a lot of matters for Donald Trump before he was - before he became the president that were difficult and sensitive issues. Michael's role at the Trump Organization was not really that of a lawyer. One Trump Organization - senior Trump Organization official pointed out that when the legal department at the company had a meeting, Michael was not included. He was not part of the legal department. He didn't really practice law there.","In fact, when the government was arguing with Mr.  Cohen's lawyers over issues of whether or not material seized by the government in a search warrant were privileged, the government indicated that an examination of his emails - they previously had a search warrant for his emails that had been secret until it was revealed in the course of that litigation. But that an examination of his emails indicated both that he conducted little to no legal work for President Trump or for The Trump Organization. And it also pointed out that he never emailed with Mr.  Trump. But I think Mr.  Trump is not a big - not a big emailer."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Michael Cohen's role at the Trump Organization was not that of a lawyer.","questions":"What was Michael Cohen's position at the Trump Organization?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News and Notes. Illinois Senator Barack Obama declared he was running for president back in February of 2007. Back then, he was the dark horse, long-shot candidate. Some people looked at him, and talked only about race. Other voters and pundits seem to try to avoid the topic.","Now, the economy is in meltdown, and much of the political debate has turned to mortgages and finance. But race is still there say the polls, and author and commentator Tim Wise says so as well. Wise is an anti-racism activist whose latest book is called \"Speaking Treason Fluently: Anti-Racist Reflections From an Angry White Male. \"Welcome to News and Notes.","Thanks.","So, your latest essay is called, \"This Is Your Nation on White Privilege. \""],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Dark horse is implying an unexpected person or candidate and not an animal that's dark","questions":"Which essay of Tim Wise is referenced in the dialogue?","answer":"This"}
{"text":["(Laughter).",". . . The future seems to be getting here, doesn't it?","Well, we've always joked on \"Men In Blazers,\" Scott, that soccer has been America's sport of the future since 1972. But that future is very much now. So next Friday, next Saturday we are holding BlazerCon, which is kind of a Comic-Con but for football. You could say it's like Comic-Con but nerdier, where football fans from across America will come together in Brooklyn and meet with some of the elite global thinkers who are shaping the tectonic plates of football from the Premier League Chairman Richard Scudamore, Christian Siefert, who runs Bundesliga, the gentleman that runs Liverpool, Manchester City, Everton Football Club, as well as the U. S.  women's national team players, MLS owners. It's going to be an absolute cacophony of really exploring joyously the future of football globally, but more importantly, I guess for us, how this game is going to evolve in America in the next decade.","Roger Bennett, host of \"Men In Blazers,\" thanks so much. Hope to talk to you soon, Roger."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is implying that the future is arriving faster than expected.","questions":"How does PersonA describe BlazerCon?","answer":"Comic-Con"}
{"text":[". . . and copied the symbols that most closely resembled the text. And we had a friend who lived across the street who was an artist, and he helped me translate it into proper copy. And then we resubmitted it to Stan.","And Stan was stuck.","And so he smiled, accepted defeat, and this became the first page of this book.","All right, so this came to light recently because Stanley Fischer was head of the Bank of Israel, and he's nominated to be vice chairman of the U. S.  Federal Reserve. Somebody got the idea that it was about time to find out what this is all about, I gather.","Somebody thought - somebody in my team thought that it would be fun to actually put this as a challenge, and basically promised a prize to whoever would be able to make sense of that page."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : 5: Someone on A's team proposed the challenge as a fun activity, not as a serious test. There are no turns in this conversation whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. All of the turns are being used in a straightforward and literal manner.","questions":"What was the intention behind the challenge proposed by someone on PersonA's team?","answer":"Fun"}
{"text":["Thank you. Thanks for having me.","Now, Mr.  Pruitt approached deregulation with enthusiasm. Quickly, could you just give us a sense of his principal achievements?","He had actually very few achievements. He has many proposals in the pipeline. But most are in the pipeline, and most are deeply flawed.","So not likely to go zipping along and become new regulations.","I think that many will probably be revisited and, if they want them to be successful, will have to be adjusted and pay more attention to the law and pay more attention to science and protection of the environment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Mr. Pruitt did not achieve much despite his enthusiasm for deregulation","questions":"What was the quality of Mr. Pruitt's achievements?","answer":"flawed"}
{"text":["How hopeful are you that this outbreak can be contained?","Specifically in Uganda, they are very well-prepared. But the way the response is going in the DRC is very concerning. There's a lot of scale-up and better coordination and closely working with the community. There's a lot of armed groups operating in the area. There's a tax on Ebola workers. NGOs are forced to suspend their programming on a regular basis.","And so it's really important that we gain the trust of the community in the DRC, that people make sure they're starting to bring suspected cases into the clinics because we're still seeing a lot of cases in the communities, which shows that people are not trusting the response, and they're not bringing their loved ones into the clinics for treatment. So in order to stop it spreading, we have to stop it in the source, which is in North Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo.","Kellie Ryan with the International Rescue Committee in Uganda. We reached her by Skype. Kellie, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People in the DRC are not trusting the response to the Ebola outbreak and need to start bringing suspected cases into clinics for treatment","questions":"What is the source of the Ebola outbreak in North Kivu?","answer":"NK"}
{"text":["If you take that vial and set it down next to a trail of crazy ants, rather than fleeing from that plume of odor, they actually turn and head towards the vial. So they seem to be attracted to their alarm pheromones - their alarm pheromone. And so as a result, that's kind of snowballs. So you're getting an ant that's electrocuted, it releases alarm pheromones, more ants to pile on.","That seems odd that they would be attracted to the alarm.","There - it is a little odd, except for - a lot of ants do this. It's part of how ants organize the defensives nests, for example, so if there's an intruder you release alarm pheromones and nest mates know that there's a threat that they need to be defending against.","Hmm. Do they bite?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : more ants pile on means that more ants are attracted to the sent.","questions":"What do crazy ants do when they encounter an electrocuted ant?","answer":"attraction"}
{"text":["They are illiterate. We don't have an education system. We don't have a civic education campaign. And so, there's just like a perfect storm of just so many things that makes Haiti so hard to govern. And I think for outsiders, it's very hard for people to understand why it seems to be in a perpetual state of chaos and crisis. But, you know. . .","So, where's the hope?I mean, you know, you must have hope, some flicker of it?","I do have hope. The hope, I think, is that, you know - the hope comes from people like myself. We have 1. 5 million Haitians living outside of Haiti, and a million of them are in the U. S. , the rest are in Canada and France. And, you know, we love the country. We care about what happens there. We are pushing for better policy.","You know, there are a couple of people in Congress who are very good friends of Haiti. Kendrick Meek, for instance, in the U. S.  House, he's from Florida, and before that, his mother was also a congresswoman. So, you know, the Black Caucus is involved."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : outsiders implies people who aren't a family or organization member and not people who stands outdoors ","questions":"Which group of people does the term \"outsiders\" refer to in the conversation?","answer":"Outsiders"}
{"text":["Hi.","So, where were you when the typhoon hit?","I was on the island of Baho, and Baho was affected yesterday about 2 P. M. The problem for Baho is that it had already been basically destroyed, parts of it, by a massive earthquake just three weeks ago. So, there are certain areas of Baho that were particularly vulnerable to the extreme weather that we had yesterday.","I know you're still struggling to assess things but what can you tell us about what conditions look like now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The people of Baha affected by the effect of typhoon not by by typhoon","questions":"How were the people of Baho affected?","answer":"Effect"}
{"text":["People on the ground are really panicking. Women, children, families have been, on a daily basis for the last four months, been in an area where there's been bombing, airstrikes, ground offensives that has really made their life impossible. More than 400,000 had to run to safety within the governorate in an area where 3 million people are living. We've had more than a hundred incidents of health clinics, schools, water distribution points, a market that received a direct strike, which was really - has tolled, so far, more than 500 deaths and a total panic where one sees entire villages and towns deserted, people running to safety.","So our biggest concern is really the protection of civilians. The basic rule of war - that residential areas, civilians should be respected and protected - it is violated at this point in the Idlib area. And that's really something that is not acceptable.","We should remind people, in fact, a direct intentional attack on civilians is a war crime, isn't it?","It is. If it's proven that it's intentional, it is."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People that are in the area of the conflict while it is happening.","questions":"How would you describe the situation of the people in the conflict zone?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Yeah, it's light and it's very dark at the same time, yeah.","Well, that's what you go for or what?","Yeah, you got to have a little bit of - a little bit of an edge, I think.","You have a woman in a classical gown looking out over the sea coast in the moonlight holding a lantern. The caption - night after night she watches the sea, longing for her husband's departure (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Well, that's what you go for or what?\" - This turn is a sarcastic response to the previous statement made by A, rather than a genuine question about A's preferences.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue is a sarcastic response?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, it may be too far to say that they elected the person. They may have contributed to a groundswell of opposition to, you know, Trump's opponent, Hillary Clinton, by having those emails released. You know, we don't really know to what extent they actually succeeded in changing how people voted and perceptions of Hillary Clinton. And how do you quantify that?","But you - you know, you do see that there is, you know, a view now within the intelligence community that this was the intention of the Russians. Their intention wasn't - according to the CIA briefing, the intention wasn't just to make us - make them look weak, but actually to help Trump win.","Adam Entous of The Washington Post, thanks so much.","Great to be here. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : By saying \"Adam Entous of The Washington Post, thanks so much,\" the speaker is expressing their gratitude for the discussion, while by saying \"Great to be here.","questions":"What is the name of the person who is being thanked in the conversation?","answer":"Adam-Entous"}
{"text":["Now it's, I should say this is a demonstration, it's not, you know, there is an actual kill that takes place in the video, but it's not a real kill, it's a demo kill. But what the system that they are playing or working on actually is designed to do and will do when it is deployed is to hunt, and if necessary kill, real targets. It fires missiles, it drops bombs, you can hear the guy talking about the weapons that he has available on one of his drones.","And they didn't just make it feel like a video game, they figured out that there's a sort of a feedback loop that was a problem for the operators, they couldn't kind of sense what was happening. And they hired video gamers to redesign their system for them.","Yeah, they hired real game developers. Because, you know, when you compared what people in the military were using to operate drones to what the latest Xbox or PlayStation system looked like, I mean the screens on this wrap around you so you feel as though you were there. One of the executives Raytheon describes it as projecting your mind into a place where you want it.","You write about watching this demonstration video with your seven year old kind of standing behind you watching this screen, and he gets it right away and he kind of likes it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"he gets it right away and he kind of likes it\" - The literal meaning is that the seven year old understands the demonstration and enjoys it. The implied meaning is that the seven year old is being desensitized to violence and is being exposed to the idea of killing as a form of entertainment.","questions":"Which feeling is implied to be developed in the seven-year-old through the demonstration video?","answer":"Violence"}
{"text":["This is SCIENCE FRIDAY. I'm Flora Lichtman, filling in for Ira Flatow, who's out today. This week, the FDA approved a new influenza vaccine for this year's flu season, and soon enough summer will be over and you'll be standing in line again at your pharmacy or doctor's office, participating in that yearly ritual - your annual vaccination allocation.","But what if that didn't have to happen?Imagine a world without the seasonal flu shot. What if one shot could protect you against flu forever and protect you against all flus, including avian flu and swine flu?","Well, you'll have to keep imagining for a while yet because there's no universal vaccine, but researchers are working on it. And joining me now to talk about the effort is Dr.  Gary Nabel. He's the head of the Vaccine Research Center at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases - that's part of the NIH - and he's co-author of a paper this week in the journal Science Translational Medicine on the topic. Welcome to the program, Dr.  Nabel.","Thank you.","So what's the difference between a universal vaccine and the one that I get every year?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It implies how important vaccination is against seasonal flu.","questions":"Which specific disease is the vaccine approved for in the dialogue?","answer":"Flu"}
{"text":["In this district that the Cook Political Report rated as an R+5 and was a lean-Republican until the weekend before the election, we won every county - even the most rural. There are people who supported us who have never voted for a Democrat before. We have people who will never, ever, ever, ever call themselves a Democrat.","People who voted for Donald Trump voted for you, do you think?","A hundred percent - hundred percent. And this is about representation and values. And for us, that issue was so illustrated with health care and what happened in the spring of '17 around Obamacare repeal and, you know, our prior representative's votes on the American Health Care Act.","Do you think you're to the left of the average voter in your district when it comes to health care?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"to the left\" - the literal meaning is a spatial direction, but the intended meaning is a political position that is more progressive or liberal than the average voter in the district.","questions":"How would you describe the political position of the average voter in the district?","answer":"Republican"}
{"text":["We know that many refugees went back to the former Yugoslavia. In the 1990s, there was a mass exodus from Yugoslavia. People have gone back there. But the overall evidence is that 80% of the world's refugees leave their country for at least five years, 20% for at least 20 years. And I think we are dealing with both the crises of diplomacy and the crises of humanitarian aid, and both need to be addressed. Our belief is that America has a proud tradition on which to stand in doing both those tasks.","David Miliband is president and CEO of the International Rescue Committee.","Thank you so much for your time.","Thank you so much, Rachel."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 80% of refugees leave their country for at least five years and 20% leave for at least 20 years.","questions":"What is the minimum duration for which 20% of refugees leave their country?","answer":"twenty"}
{"text":["And so it seemed to be really impervious to this kind of judicial reckoning. And the fact that it's happened is, of course, all the more remarkable, because of the obstacles that had to be overcome to reach this day.","It's interesting: The current president of Guatemala served under General Rios Montt all those years ago, and he says he accepts this verdict, and will carry out the measures ordered by the tribunal in terms of apologies, but he also said there was no genocide.","Well, he was a general during the period of Rios Montt's rule, and given his own background, it was expected that he would put up more resistance than he has to this trial. And as you said, he has said he respects the ruling of the court, but he has said it's not a genocide. It is a very powerful verdict. It's - genocide has been described repeatedly as the crime of crimes, and it's very difficult to prove in a court of law. And that's one of the other reasons why this verdict was widely seen as a landmark.","So, you know, his reticence is notable. I hope that he continues to maintain the position that he will respect the rule of law in this case, as the proceedings go forward."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The current president of Guatemala acknowledges the verdict but denies genocide","questions":"What does the current president of Guatemala deny?","answer":"Genocide"}
{"text":["If you're a minority professional and you grow up understanding that there will be expectations placed upon you that you have to overcome, the reality of it is, if you go into this thinking you can just be good you'll end up with a mediocre career. And so \"Good is Not Enough\" is really just a sounding call to minority professionals saying, hey, you know, we can be players at this level but we can't just play good, we have to excel.","Let's break down a few of the things you say matter. One is networking. Why so important?","Networking is so important because in this day and age a lot of the jobs, a lot of the opportunities that will come your way will not be through Monster, will not be through the want ads, it will be through networking. And so from a career perspective the opportunities will come your way from networking, but more importantly networking is a great opportunity to learn from others who have been down the road that you're trying to go. For example, if, I met a company right now - I'm at Pitney Bowes, and I love being there - but if I were to look at an opportunity at IBM, if I had a network that includes someone at IBM, I could actually call and get a better idea of what it is I'm stepping into, because corporate culture is just critical.","But how do you find someone who is a peer or a mentor at another company?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Good is not enough for minority professionals to excel, they need to overcome expectations placed on them","questions":"What is the message of \"Good is Not Enough\" for minority professionals?","answer":"Excel."}
{"text":["And this could sound obvious, and this could sound like a no-brainer. But the reality in Mexico is that whenever a journalist is killed, investigators - their first reaction is to always try to find a motive that is not related to journalistic work. So they find any other motive - economic motive or maybe a passion motive, anything except journalistic work because they don't want to admit that they have a problem of press freedom in their hands. But I think in this case it is really obvious why Javier Valdez was killed.","Yeah. This is going to sound naive. But why do you think it's important to do stories like that?I mean, drug cartels - people often prefer just to look the other way - don't they?","Well, yes. But if you don't report on them, then nobody else will. And it is not just the stories about the drug cartels. It is the stories about the consequences that they are unleashing in Mexican public life in every level. I live in a city that, for years, was the turf in a turf war between two drug cartels. And the effects of the violence that they unleashed was devastating for the city because investment never came in. Jobs were not created. Nightlife shut down. People stopped going out on the street. We all started to distrust from one another. Neighborhoods began putting up gates and fences, and so it was really disruptive.","Your newspaper was attacked, wasn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"try to find a motive that is not related to journalistic work\" - the literal meaning is to search for a reason or cause that is not related to journalism, but the actual meaning is to avoid acknowledging that the journalist was killed because of their work.","questions":"Which reaction do investigators have when a journalist is killed in Mexico?","answer":"Avoid"}
{"text":["Yeah, South Korea, the Netherlands. We played, you know, the reigning champs, Serbia, and we also played Turkey. So yeah. Yeah, we had a good four games of full play.","I understand the French team looks strong.","They are strong. They're very good. There's a lot of good teams here. I mean, this is the highest level of 3x3 in the - 3 on 3 (ph) basketball there is around the world.","Do you feel you're kind of in on the ground floor of a sport that's going to become more popular around the world?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 3x3 basketball is highly competitive with many skilled teams","questions":"Which basketball format does turn 2 refer to?","answer":"3x3"}
{"text":["You might, you know, you might call it so. I'm not their official and so I'm not particularly knowledgeable about, you know, all the reasons that go into this. I think that, in a way, it is hedging its bets, but I don't think that Jordan or any other Arab country's under any illusion that the regime will survive.","And what about potential remedies if, indeed, the country is strained to the breaking point - and I think that's probably an exaggeration - but nevertheless, strained in any case. Is the government of Jordan calling for remedies like a safe zone to be established along the - in Syrian territory, along the Jordanian border?Is it calling for no-fly zones?","No, not so far. No-fly zones and safe zones, as you know, will require a military intervention by, you know, by someone, by the international community, by NATO forces, by the United States or by Arab forces. They are not as easy to defend as they are to establish. So Jordan has so far not called for no-fly zones, but it has said it will go with the consensus of any international effort to try to remedy the situation.","Syria, of course, is not Jordan's only neighbor. Its also bordered by Saudi Arabia - both Saudi Arabia and the gulf states have been rather more active in supporting the Syrian opposition. Have they been putting pressure on Oman?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Jordan is open to international efforts to resolve the situation in Syria, but is not taking unilateral action","questions":"Which country is open to international efforts to resolve the situation in Syria?","answer":"Jordan"}
{"text":["So this will help the basketball players and then also the track events. But the good thing is obviously with these developments - the wheelchairs (unintelligible) through the people, you know, everyday people that use wheelchairs, and it will mean it's more lightweight for them to lift, say, in and out of vehicles.","And some of this stuff then filters in back to the general public.","Yeah, I mean, and that's a great thing, you know, the flow sort of from elite to high street, as we refer to it, is great. So you start seeing that, for example, with push bikes. We see a lot of that now available, helmet design from bikes, you say that. Swimwear is another thing that we see a lot of technology flowing into the high street.","Let's talk about swimwear because there was a kind of swimwear that was used and is now banned, and something new is taking its place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"it will mean it's more lightweight for them to lift\" - The literal meaning of \"more lightweight\" is redundant, as the adjective \"lightweight\" already implies that the object is light. The intended meaning is that the wheelchairs will be lighter, making them easier for people to lift.","questions":"What will be easier for people to lift?","answer":"Wheelchairs"}
{"text":["But we can also use technology to, you know, warn providers when they're entering orders, for instance. If I'm supposed to be in Mr.  James Smith and entering a complex chemotherapy order, for instance, I'd get an alert saying, are you sure?","Because there was another, you know, Mr.  James Smith on the same ward in the hospital. Are you sure you're entering orders on the right Mr.  James Smith, you know, for instance?","Anything a patient can do to protect him or herself?","With electronic health records has come in a layer of additional transparency for the health care system where patients can access more information electronically than they could ever do before."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The alert is suggesting that the provider should double-check to make sure they are entering the orders for the correct patient.","questions":"How is the alert helping the healthcare system?","answer":"Prevention"}
{"text":["Super Saver and Calvin Borel one full length from Derby here. Noble's Promise runs in second. Patty O'Connell is now third. Make Music for Me, Big Mountain, (Unintelligible) on the outside and they're coming down to the finish. And it is Super Saver.","Wow. Now it occurred to me, when we were during some preparation on you - like a baseball announcer, all he or she has to do is go, when there's a home run - Yoho.","(Laughter).","But you have to rattle off eight or nine names that might have been unfamiliar to you - just a couple of - I mean, how you do it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) is a sign of amusement, indicating the speaker was laughing at the metaphor.","questions":"How did the speaker react to the metaphor in turn 3?","answer":"Amusement"}
{"text":["No, so Wim van Egmond is an artist, and he was trained as an artist. He was a painter at first, and he was really into painting from these scientific illustrations, biological illustrations from hundreds of years ago. And he said, well, you know, I could just do this myself. So he purchased his first microscope about 20 years ago and since then has been kind of perfecting the technique.","But when he started, you know, he was also working with film, like Roman Vishniac. And, you know, when he had to look up what he was looking at, these organisms, he was looking in reference books, things that are just unthinkable these days, of course you would just Google.","So he said that, you know, progress has gotten much faster because now you can just look and see your result immediately. You don't have to develop your film, and - you know, and so he's gotten - it sounds like he's gotten - he's sort of refined his techniques much more quickly in the days of the digital camera.","Now I know you like to limit the size of your video pick to like three or four minutes."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"he was really into painting from these scientific illustrations, biological illustrations from hundreds of years ago.\" Literal meaning: Wim van Egmond enjoyed painting scientific and biological illustrations from a long time ago. Actual meaning: Wim van Egmond was inspired by scientific and biological illustrations from the past and used them as a reference for his own artwork.","questions":"How was Wim van Egmond inspired?","answer":"painting"}
{"text":["The site of the wreck of the Houston's been known for quite some time. Why just the official confirmation now?","Well, the Navy became concerned over the years that the wreck was being salvaged by trophy hunters and commercial concerns overseas. Recreational dive companies have been leading dives on the Houston as well as the Perth, for years. But they began to fear for the integrity of the wreck. And it is a war grave. It's also custody of the U. S.  Navy, even though it's been undersea for more than 70 years now. And so what they did was, they launched an official expedition to document the state of the wreck and the first step in that process was to authenticate the identity of the ship, and so that's what made headlines this week.","Captain Rooks received the Medal of Honor for what?","He led the Perth into battle on that night and was quickly fallen upon by a far superior Japanese naval squadron. They had several heavy cruisers, a whole bunch of destroyers and the Japanese were masters of the art of nighttime naval combat. They would demonstrate this time and again through the early months of the war."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Japanese were more skilled than the Perth in nighttime naval combat, which they would demonstrate in the early months of the war.","questions":"What did the Japanese master during nighttime naval combat?","answer":"naval"}
{"text":["Yeah. The numbers aren't necessarily looking his way.","No.","Glenn Thrush is the chief political correspondent of Politico. Thanks so much for being back with us.","Great to be here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : has a literal meaning of \"Glenn Thrush is the chief political correspondent of Politico,\" but its actual meaning is \"Thank you for coming back to talk with us again.\"","questions":"What is the identity of Glenn Thrush?","answer":"Glenn-Thrush"}
{"text":["When I got toward the end of my research, I tried to contact all the women that I had spoken with and just said, hey, would your husbands be willing to talk?The interesting thing about it was when I spoke to the women, they were all so enthusiastic and passionate. When I talked to their husbands, they were really nice, but they were so clearly disinterested in the topic. It wasn't that they didn't know that their wives are never frustrated with them. It just didn't seem particularly important to them. And I don't mean to imply that they were cold to their wives or indifferent to their wives. It just really didn't register as such a big deal.","Like a fact of life - like, this is just the way things are.","Yes, absolutely. In fact, one of the women that I interviewed said to me, my husband sees we have an issue with this. But he considers it my problem. So he says to me, there's really nothing I can do, and it would be helpful if you weren't so bothered by this.","Wow. Let me ask you this. The amount of child care that men take on was actually rising in the 1980s and '90s. But then we did see it level off. So what happened?It seemed like we were sort of making some progress in this issue."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Level off here means that there is some downfall in the amount and does not mean levelling something.","questions":"Which word in turn 3 has a meaning that is clarified in the statement?","answer":"Level"}
{"text":["Yeah, kicking out all the intelligence officers, which we believe. . .",". . . And shutting their consulates.","(Unintelligible) their consulates, and we got rid of most of them. And we've seen a significant reduction in their intelligence collection here in the U. S. So the consulates were home base for that, and I think for the first time. . .","Not to get hung up on the numbers, but. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The officers were fired from their jobs abruptly and not allowed to fraternize with the people that stayed.","questions":"How were the intelligence officers removed from their jobs?","answer":"Fired"}
{"text":["Absolutely. Well, all right politics isn't everything. It just seems like it sometimes. So what else is going on?","Magic Johnson found himself in the center of news again, unwillingly. As most people know, he retired from the NBA after contracting the HIV. But two Minneapolis radio hosts had some fun at his expense. So here's a clip of that.","Unidentified Radio Host #1: What about diseases that are eminently treatable and you can live with for a long, long time quite healthily if you just get some drugs.","Unidentified Radio Host #2: Like Magic Johnson. Like Magic with his faked AIDS."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : politics isn't everything implies there are other important things in life","questions":"What was the topic of conversation before they discussed Magic Johnson?","answer":"Politics"}
{"text":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The president may not have been as sympathetic to Puerto Rico's situation as he was to Texas and Florida.","questions":"What impression did the president leave in Las Vegas?","answer":"Sympathetic"}
{"text":["I'm well. I'm going to read a bit from the editorial. You're answering attacks on Maryland Representative Elijah Cummings and on his district, which includes Baltimore. And you wrote, (reading) it's not hard to see what's going on here. The congressman has been a thorn in this president's side, and Mr.  Trump sees attacking African American members of Congress as good politics, as it both warms the cockles of the white supremacists who love him and causes so many of the thoughtful people who don't to scream.","So it seems that you think this is all very much premeditated, and it's not just, as some have said, the president responding to Fox News.","Yes. Well, I think it clearly is - both things are going on at the same time. I think Fox News gives him the ammunition he needed, and he gave it probably about, you know, two seconds of thought to find an opportunity to slam Representative Cummings who, of course, has been critical of his border policy, and so he took it. And so 750,000 people woke up in the 7th District yesterday being told that they were the worst place in the country by the president of the United States.","When you first read those tweets, what was your thought?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He gives him the content to use against him. He has negative information that can hurt him.","questions":"What does Fox News provide to the President?","answer":"Content"}
{"text":["He was very cordial. He shook my hand. He gave me the Klan handshake. He didn't know that I knew it was the Klan handshake, but he did give it to me. If you shake a person's hand and you extend your index and middle finger along their wrist - and as you pumping their hand, you start pressing your fingers in their wrist area. It's the Klan handshake.","The question that you wind up wrestling with, I think at the end of the book, is - well, let me put it this way - that the Klan and David Duke specifically are hateful and jerks is beyond dispute. You don't wind up with a lot of regard for their intelligence, which raises the question, how dangerous are they?","Very. When I say they are not the brightest, they were not the brightest light bulbs in the socket. The people I was dealing with were not. David Duke, in spite of his having - at that time, he had a master's degree in political science from Louisiana State University. I merely had a high school education and about 12 hours of college credit. So the very fact that he was being conned by somebody with a lower degree of education than him, I'll admit, I got a particular thrill out of that. But let nobody who reads my book think that these people because they weren't the brightest light bulbs in the socket were not and are not dangerous. They were very serious.","What do you think you learned about the KKK and racism and bigotry during those months?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person who shook my hand is a member of the KKK","questions":"Which handshake did he give?","answer":"Klan"}
{"text":["What's missing from that?","I mean, a deeper understanding of why Syrians rose up in the first place. I mean, this is a regime that's been in power for 50 years. It has outlasted eight U. S.  presidents since Nixon. Think about that. And Bashar's organizing elections again in 2021, and he intends to run. So there's a chance he will probably outlast Trump, even if Trump wins a second term.","Sam Dagher is author of the book \"Assad Or We Burn The Country. \"He also contributes to The Atlantic. Sam, thank you so much for being with us.","You're welcome, Noel."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Syrian regime has been in power for a long time, and there is a possibility that Bashar will outlast Trump.","questions":"What is the chance of Bashar outlasting Trump?","answer":"Chance"}
{"text":["Yes. Well, the Mayan mom would then just drop the kid off with the neighbor or the aunt and say, fine. I'm going to spend the day at the beach by myself. No worries (laughter). This actually brings up a second thing about the Mayan parenting style that's really different from us. And that's this idea that the Mayan mom is not stuck in a box.","Not stuck in a box. What does that mean?","So in our culture, there's this idea that the ideal thing for kids is, like, a stay-at-home mom who focuses her attention on the children. That ends up in practice being is that you have Mom stuck in a box, an apartment in the city, a big house in the suburbs. But if you look around the world, this is not how the parent-child relationship evolved at all or how kids have been raised for hundreds of thousands of years. Instead, the kids are raised by a whole slew of people - grandmas, aunts, nosy neighbors. And so what we do is actually really strange and maybe, arguably, one of the most untraditional family forms that has existed.","Wow. So I guess the takeaway for this Mother's Day is. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The mom is not confined to doing things one way and staying in one place.","questions":"What is the Mayan mom not confined to?","answer":"Restrictions"}
{"text":["You know, everybody is talking about it. I mean, there's a - one idea is to raze Sandy Hook Elementary School because it's just unthinkable that people would send - parents would send their children in or - and particularly children who were ushered out of that school have nothing but horrific associations with it. You know, that - they can never go back to that school. Why not raze it and turn it into a playground where children can play happily and safely and you can honor those - what happened there on December 14th. That's one idea.","There will certainly be a monument. There are a lot scholarship funds that are going to be raised. We're - it's still early to know exactly what we want to do as a town. And that's really what Newtown United and all these other groups that are meeting are ultimately going to try to do. They're going to try to figure out what we as a community - and as I said and wrote in my piece in the Journal, it is a very strong community. We have to think about it holistically, about what it is we want to be, how we want to memorialize what happened here and those children.","And you know, frankly, there's nothing more that we can do than change our society in some way, whether it's through legislation or just through the act of showing our love for these children and change the laws that might have actually led - allowed Adam Lanza to walk into an elementary school with a battlefield weapon.","Rob Cox, thanks very much for your time today and our condolences."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"raze Sandy Hook Elementary School\" - this phrase means to completely demolish and destroy the school building. The actual meaning is figurative as it suggests the idea of erasing the painful memory associated with the school and creating a new space for happy and safe experiences for children.","questions":"Which word is used to describe the idea of completely demolishing and destroying Sandy Hook Elementary School?","answer":"raze"}
{"text":["He had been released the year before - in June of 1914 - from an institution that was known as the Colored Waifs Home. And this was a reformatory - it was part reformatory, part orphanage. And Armstrong was sent there for at least the second time in early 1913 after he had been arrested for shooting a pistol into the air.","And it was at - while at that reformatory that he began to receive his first formal music instruction. He played in the marching band there. They would parade around the city and play at events on the lake and stuff like that. But when he came out, he was, you know, faced with the challenges of being 13 or 14 years old at the time and needing to provide some income for his family. He grew up in dire poverty, of course.","You take a look at this, like, 8 seconds of film, I guess it is, and maybe it's the power of suggestion, but it certainly looks like Louis Armstrong. And you (laughter) - you really do get a sense, even from this 13-year-old youngster, of just overwhelming charisma.","Yeah, that has been sort of the reaction. The overwhelming reaction to my story is - you know, I fully expected people to try to pick it apart because it's kind of a ridiculous thing to propose. But overwhelmingly, people have said, holy smokes, we think this, you know - it looks like him. He smiles the beautiful Louis Armstrong smile that later became famous. Yeah, it's been fascinating to me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People are shocked to realize that he looks like Louis Armstrong.","questions":"What is the reaction of people to the proposed idea in the story?","answer":"Reaction"}
{"text":["(Singing) I want to go to a place Where every dream of mine comes true. And then I look at the stars And pick out one just for you.","You know, it strikes me that in some ways, this album is more like the singer-songwriters like Jill Scott than your previous work as a group. Who do you listen to?Obviously, you have your own sound, but who do you listen to?","Well, right now I actually haven't been listening to much music. But I have so many influences going back to like the late '70s and '80s. From different gospel artists and R&B, and later on I got into jazz. So it would be so tedious just to say, you know, who my influences are, and who I listen to.","But of the current artists, I love D'Angelo, Anthony Hamilton, I think Jill Scott's fantastic, Alicia Keys, John Legend. There's a lot of independent artists out there that are great too. Eric Robeson. So there's so many fantastic artists, and I would probably say that, like you said, I do kind of have my own sound there, which I'm proud of. I mean, I was able to develop over time in the studio with my husband. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asking about musical influences, not comparing the album to other artists","questions":"Which artist's name was not mentioned as an influence or a current favorite by A?","answer":"Robeson."}
{"text":["I actually haven't done the calculation, but if you can separate the light of the planet from the star, then you can do spectroscopy on it. And so you can look for the biomarkers of CO2 and methane and water and those kinds of gases, and that will tell you whether there's processes going on that generate oxygen and such, which tells a lot about whether there's biology going on on the planet.","This has been described as an unexpected discovery. Why was it so surprising?","Well it was because we weren't particularly looking for planets. Based on the work we did on 40307, we realized that the activity of the star is masking a lot of the potential planet signals. So that sort of clued the lead author, Mikko, into developing a technique that can more carefully and more accurately model the activity due to spots and flares on the surface of the star.","And it - so what we decided to do then, since we didn't know anything about star activity, was to pick a star that had lots of observations, thousands of observations from multiple groups, but didn't have any known planets around it, figuring we would just be studying only the activity. And when we learned how to model that activity and removed it from the analysis, out popped five planets very unexpectedly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Planets didn't actually \"pop pout.\" This merely implies that the analysis surprisingly revealed five planets that fit their research.","questions":"What was the unexpected result of the analysis?","answer":"Revealed"}
{"text":["So is a bagel just a bialy with a hole in the middle?","It's very different, and the origins of the bagel are somewhat mysterious. There's a lot of folklore around it and variable legends about how the bagel came to exist. But I have decided that we will never know.","Well, it's one of the great mysteries of life, think of it that way. What made the bagel leap from being just kind of New York street food, you know, or maybe Sunday brunch food, across the country?","So it was really, I think, the Lenders brothers, and Lender's bagels are what I grew up in. I grew up outside of Detroit, Michigan, and I thought they were the greatest thing ever. Like you would get six of them in a little plastic tube. And now, like when I think, the taste was awful, but they were early adopters of refrigeration technology."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is implying that there is no definite answer to the origin of the bagel, and they have accepted that. ","questions":"Which word describes the PersonA's view on the origins of the bagel?","answer":"Implying"}
{"text":["How concerned are you, if at all, about the fact that the changes will now mean that the president, the head of the party, George Bush, will not be attending the convention, not be giving an address as he was scheduled to tonight, nor will Dick Cheney?","Well, I'm, you know, I was kind of halting between two opinions about that, whether the president would be there. I don't think that that would change very much. Of course, if you noticed, the president has not been very, very involved in the campaign of Senator McCain so far as public appearances. So that - and of course, that cemented my decision not to go, because when the president and the vice president was going to go, you know - and I feel that I have an obligation to the citizens that I serve as a committee person to be back home. The whole team didn't need to go.","Had the president and vice president gone, are you saying you would have gone then in that instance?","It would have been - in other words, the decision for me would have probably been harder for me to make the decision. But it was easy knowing that President Bush wasn't going to go."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker did not want to go to the convention even if the president and the vice president were going to attend.","questions":"Which decision would have been harder for the speaker if the president and vice president had gone to the convention?","answer":"Decision"}
{"text":["Good.","They did have generators working, as did the airports. Now, officials are saying that this was a failure in the grid's interconnection system, which happened in the northeast, between two big installations there, and then triggered this unprecedented chain reaction. They don't think, by the way, that this was a cyberattack or any other kind of sabotage. But they don't exactly know what happened yet. They say it could be a couple of weeks before they do. We do know, though, that the grid and the infrastructure is not in good shape.","How are people responding to this odd Sunday?","Well, they're very angry, obviously. I mean, in Argentina, they're already facing really very hard times. Inflation there is among the highest in the world. The economy is - you know, they've got this boom-and-bust economy that's right now in such a mess that the government very controversially decided to sign on to this huge $56 billion IMF bailout. There are strikes and protests over President Mauricio Macri's austerity program, regularly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : strike implies to stop work and not to hit, blow or delete something","questions":"What action does the word \"strike\" imply in turn 3?","answer":"Stop"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Most people don't know that. But you lose several days of shelf, whether it's in code or out of code. Or do you leave the milk out on the counter while your kids are having breakfast?There's all kinds of ways in which, if you handled it properly, you extend the life.","Mr.  Rauch, is there any concern among, let's say the people that might own a Trader Joe's or some other food store today, that somehow, your places are going to be potentially under-pricing them?","Well, I think that - well, first, you'd have to ask them. But most of what we'll be selling will be fruits and vegetables, freshly prepared product, stuff that's really not brand-driven. And they're in areas that frankly, are underserved, that - you know, there aren't Trader Joe's in the inner-cities in America, at least to my knowledge."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Mr. Rauch, is there any concern among, let's say the people that might own a Trader Joe's or some other food store today, that somehow, your places are going to be potentially under-pricing them?  - Implied meaning: Is there any concern among owners of Trader Joe's and other food stores that your places will be offering prices that are too low and therefore potentially damaging their business?","questions":"Which store's owners might be concerned about potentially underpriced products offered by Mr. Rauch's places?","answer":"Trader,Joe's"}
{"text":["It's hard. It is really hard when every time you look up, three kids killed here, four people shot here, somebody getting killed right down the street, right around the corner. It's kind of discouraging sometimes trying to do as much as you can with the resources that you do have.","Boy, I mean, I think a lot of people listening, well, will be very moved, but, I mean, some of them have to be saying, wait a minute. The president of the United States is from the South Side. Don't people look up to him?","I definitely look up to Obama. Obama's a great guy. I never forget - March 31 I wrote the president. You know, I'm from your city, and we're dying down here every day. What are you doing up there to stop what's happening to us down here?And he wrote me back, a little girl in a little basement apartment in Englewood. He wrote me back.","I was able to use that letter to inspire the people that live in this neighborhood like me. Don't ever stop trying. And it just goes back to the movement. No matter how hard things get, no matter every day and I'll wake up and I look at the news and more people have been killed, more people have been shot, that just shows me that I still have work to do."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People are expecting the President to come up with solutions to address the issues in the South Side.","questions":"Which side of the city is experiencing daily killings and shootings?","answer":"South"}
{"text":["And it might take you until next summer to finish \"Wolf Hall,\" to be ready.","So this is - I want to correct the misapprehension that this is a hard book to read. This is a - like, a - certainly a long piece of psychologically realistic fiction. But you - from the minute you meet Thomas Cromwell, you really are going to be sucked in. And if - if you are a \"Game Of Thrones\" watcher who is interested in how power corrupts, how an intensely human, brilliant person can, you know, become the kind of person that maybe dragon fires a whole village or - I don't know - takes down the Catholic Church and murders a queen, then, you know, \"Wolf Hall\" is for you. Plus, you then will have the benefit of being right on time in March, when the third one comes out.","What about for your friend, the - the I-don't-do-fiction reader, the reader that wants to read. . .","I don't know any of those people. (Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The person does know people like that including himself and is joking.","questions":"Which person is the statement referring to?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["No, he has not. And. . .","How are you going to get him to do it?","Well, I'm not worried about process. We expect to be able to get all the information we want. It'll be sooner or later. I hope it'll be sooner, not later. But I can guarantee you one of the things that we can guarantee is we're not going to sit idly by and allow this kind of obstruction.","If everything goes the way you would like it to unfold in the House - if the president is impeached and then Republicans in the Senate protect him, does that end up playing right into the White House's hands?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They are not going to do nothing while the obstruction is going on.","questions":"Which word guarantees that they will take action against obstruction?","answer":"Action"}
{"text":["What are the problems in getting aid to arrive?","You know, and it's interesting to note - it's been, like, a week for a lot of these people because on Monday people started going into these shelters as it moved there. So, you know, for the people that are there, it's feeling really like it's been a long time.","There are still a lot of roads that are blocked going into some of these areas. These are remote areas. Some of them only had one road to begin with. Trees are down. Power lines have fallen across, so those are blocked. You know, they need to get the bulldozers in there in terms of clearing those roads so that access can actually get in there. So that is actually the biggest hold up in reaching what were really the hardest hit parts of Haiti.","And there must be concern about the spread of Zika, malaria, cholera and other diseases."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  Implied meaning: There is a fear of the spread of Zika, malaria, cholera, and other diseases due to the lack of access to aid.","questions":"What diseases are a concern due to the lack of access to aid?","answer":"Zika,Malaria,Cholera"}
{"text":["Where are you right now?","I'm in Columbia, South Carolina.","Now you evacuated on Saturday. Was that because it was mandatory or did you make up your own mind?","I made up my own mind. I figured that at some point it would turn into a mandatory evacuation and I wanted to get ahead of the traffic."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B wants to know if A evacuated because it was mandatory or not.","questions":"Which decision did PersonA make regarding evacuation?","answer":"evacuate"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. But you see what I mean?Because it is about perception and how we need to be - to understand what we're seeing before we can really see it, that's really key to understanding this whole issue of climate change and why we see or don't see what's right in front of us.","What drew you to monarchs in the first place?","I had really wanted to write about the subject for a long time. I live in southern Appalachia. I am surrounded by neighbors and friends - people I respect very much - who don't really understand climate change or believe in it, even though, as farmers, they're getting socked by it. We've had unprecedented, disastrous weather time and again. So it's such a strange contradiction that the people in our continent who are first to feel the harm of a changing climate are the last to be able to talk about it.","That was such a conundrum and such rich territory for a novel to tread, that I was just looking for the right way to get into the subject. And one morning, I just woke up with this vision in my eyes of millions of butterflies covering the forest behind my house. I just - I mean, I didn't actually see it. I imagined it. I woke up and there it was, and I knew that was it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Farmers in southern Appalachia feel the harm of a changing climate but are the last to talk about it.","questions":"What is the conundrum that the author faced while choosing the subject for their novel?","answer":"Don'ttalk"}
{"text":["I'm embarrassed to say I'd never heard of a tardigrade before this story. What are they?","So these are microorganisms. They're a little under a millimeter in size. They have four legs. And a lot of people think they look like bears, hence the name water bear. They are found everywhere on Earth, from jungles, to the top of the Himalayas, to the Antarctic. And as you had mentioned, they can survive pretty much any sort of environment, from extremely hot temperatures to extremely cold temperatures. They can survive in the vacuum of space. They're pretty much indestructible.","And how did a few thousand of them potentially end up on the moon?","A non-profit organization called the Arch Mission Foundation sent a lunar library to the surface of the moon with the Beresheet lander."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Arch Mission Foundation sent a library to the moon.","questions":"What did the Arch Mission Foundation send to the moon?","answer":"Library"}
{"text":["Well, look, I like the fact that we've eliminated pre-existing conditions. I think that's really important. But Ronald Reagan expanded Medicaid a number of times and he didn't need Obamacare, OK?And my feeling about Medicaid is we've been able to manage this program. And by bringing Ohio money back to Ohio to treat the mentally ill, the drug addicted and the working poor, it's not - we're not only ahead on an arithmetic basis, but we think it's the right issue in terms of giving people a chance and an ability to be lifted.","Biographical question - did you ever consider becoming a priest?","Well, when I was a kid, really early in my life, you know, all Catholic altar boys I think at one time or another thought about being a priest. But then that just wasn't in the cards for me.","But I gather religion is an important factor in your life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  Is religion a major influence in your life?","questions":"Which issue does PersonA think is the right issue in terms of giving people a chance?","answer":"Medicaid"}
{"text":["Might give them a viral moment on YouTube.","It could, indeed, give them a viral moment on YouTube. So that's part of the game that's being played. But what the Democrats are trying to do here is educate the public about what this president did and how he did it. And they've got a witness who has impeccable credentials. I don't think the Republicans are going to try to undercut this man. He is one of them. And he served his country. And he did this not because he was looking for a job. He did it because he thought somebody had to do it.","Well, let's get down to the prognostication part of this conversation. Robert Mueller has been pretty plain about how he doesn't want to testify and has nothing to say beyond the report. Do you support his logic?","Well, you know, there've been some very powerful commentary about his position. A former deputy solicitor general, deputy attorney general, a fellow by the name of Donald Ayer wrote a rather sharply worded piece kindly but clearly saying that Mueller had a duty to actually go beyond the four quarters (ph) because of what's happened. Attorney General Barr has tried to discredit his work. He's actually belittled his work. And as Ayer says, you know, this man's got to step up and defend his work and not be rolled over. I think he'll do that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"that's part of the game that's being played.\" meaning that the function of how politics work. ","questions":"How did PersonA describe the witness's credentials?","answer":"Impeccable"}
{"text":["Oriental is the most beautiful place, and we are called the sailing capital of North Carolina because we must have 2,500 sailboats and 900 people.","Oriental is a healthy town it sounds like.","Oh, yeah, we're a booming town. And our community is so wonderful. Our churches were all coming together to try to get something solved. Like, there's people that don't have a driver's license, or they've got to have their medicine, so our local church has got a van, and we're going to get people their groceries and medicine. So we have all kind of volunteering to get something going.","When did the Wal-Mart Express move into town?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that people are worried that the reconstruction of historical sites, while intended to preserve them, may actually erase the original context and erase the history that was connected to them.","questions":"Which historical sites are people worried about erasing the original context?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Yeah. You know, it's a great question. I think that the core of the problem is that they say that they pursue these weapons out of insecurity. So the logical thing is can the world provide them some sort of security?And in past agreements that I have participated in, we provided them security guarantees and offered to negotiate a peace treaty with them. The problem is I think the security - insecurity that they feel is generated by the regime itself. You know, these sorts of totalitarian regimes never feel secure. And that's the core problem.","Because there's mass starvation. There's mass poverty. There's mass oppression.","Right. And that they - all those things, and that they don't rule by the consent of the legitimacy of the people. And that's the basic problem.","Yeah. China has a role in this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There's mass starvation. There's mass poverty. There's mass oppression.\"  Here, the speaker is not simply stating the literal existence of these problems but implying that these issues are widespread and pervasive, affecting a large number of people in a significant manner.","questions":"What is the PersonA's tone when describing the problems of mass starvation, poverty, and oppression?","answer":"Serious"}
{"text":["So alphabetically, Jeb Bush, Ben Carson, Hillary Clinton, Martin O'Malley, Bernie Sanders, who'd you like?","You know, I liked the fact that they all came. The important thing for the Urban League was that each of these five candidates accepted our invitation, came, and I think offered a serious perspective from their own point of view. They came in here. They talked about race. They talked about economics. They talked about the criminal justice system. They talked about cities. These issues don't get discussed on the main stage in many, many political debates and discussions. And so why we wanted them here, so they could talk about equality, talk about opportunity, develop those ideas in a way that will not, and - or, I should say, historically has not happened in this campaign up until this point.","Mr.  Morial, another unarmed black man was killed by an officer in Cincinnati. I wonder if you have some ideas you want to bring to our attention about how to try to repair a shattered relationship between black citizens and police.","It's an American tragedy of untold proportions, particularly as we've seen it play out in the last two years. Our ten-point justice plan recommended that body cameras and dash cameras be mandatory for all law enforcement all the way across the country. But we also believe that more must be done when it comes to police officer hiring, police officer training, and police officer accountability. The community wants to and must trust its police if they're going to be allies is in what we all want, and that is safer communities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Mr. Morial believes that body cameras and dash cameras should be mandatory for all law enforcement, as well as other measures such as police officer hiring and training, in order to build trust between the community and police officers.","questions":"Which plan does Mr. Morial recommend for all law enforcement across the country?","answer":"Cameras"}
{"text":["President George W.  Bush's book of portraits of more than 60 soldiers, sailors, airmen and Marines who served in wars under his watch was published this week - \"Portraits Of Courage: A Commander In Chief's Tribute to America's Warriors. \"President Bush has done a number of interviews in recent days talking about how he took up painting after leaving office and how he came to paint portraits of men and women that he sent in to war. We're joined by one of the president's subjects now. They call each other friends. Michael Rodriguez was a U. S.  Army Special Forces Green Beret who served from 1992 to 2013 in Latin America, Somalia, Haiti, two tours in Afghanistan, nine deployments in 21 years. Michael Rodriguez joins us now from his home near Fort Bragg, N. C. Thanks so much for being with us.","Oh, thank you for having me.","What do you think of your portrait?","Oh, wow. I'm, you know, I'm blown away that my former commander in chief would actually take the time to paint those that served under him. And I'm humbled that he selected me as one of them. I think it's a pretty good representation of me. I couldn't - I'm still kind of processing the whole thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : is asking what the subject thinks of the portrait painted of him, but the implied meaning is asking what the subject thinks of President Bush's gesture of honoring those that served under him by painting their portraits.","questions":"Which gesture of President Bush is Michael Rodriguez humbled by?","answer":"Portraits"}
{"text":[". . . He had some important local impact. And that is something that we should not lose sight of - is that the journalists that are being targeted in Mexico are local journalists doing the work that no other news organization, the large news organizations are not doing, which is expose. . .","Yeah.",". . . Corruption, expose crime, expose government negligence in the localities and cities and towns across Mexico, and we are being deprived of those voices.","I gather that cartel violence is also growing in Mexico. Do you see these two facts as related?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : We are being deprived of the media that tells the stories of illegal activity in Mexico.","questions":"What are the journalists in Mexico exposing?","answer":"Corruption"}
{"text":["So actually - so there have been many deaths from throwing events in track and field, but the javelin does not take up quite as many of those as the shot and disc do. Yeah, there are some pretty gruesome scenes when talking about the javelin injuries. And obviously, you know, getting impaled by a spear is not that good (laughter). But it's far less common than you might think.","So you're writing this paper which you hope will lead to getting the javelin reinstated as a sport. How do you think that'll work?What's going to be in your paper?","Well, there's a lot of things. You know, I think the biggest concerns that coaches have with implementing the event have to do with the injuries due to the javelin hitting somebody. You know, so I'll have to address that and the actual statistics behind it.","But really it's going to be more of a guide on how to implement the javelin and why it's better that it's included as an event in high school track here than not because, you know, I feel like it's just a great opportunity that everybody should have because I was lucky enough to find it through club track. And, you know, my life would be a lot different if I hadn't."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"my life would be a lot different if I hadn't\" - The literal meaning suggests that the speaker's life would have changed if they hadn't found the javelin through club track. The implied meaning is that finding the javelin through club track has had a significant positive impact on the speaker's life, and they are grateful for the opportunities it has provided.","questions":"How has finding the javelin through club track impacted the PersonA's life?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["But David, wasn't that what the banks were supposed to be doing themselves, getting that money that they were given, to - and lending it out to homeowners, to small-business owners?","Yes, exactly. And essentially, they took that money, and a lot of the banks hoarded it. Some actually paid out bonuses to their executives; others paid out dividends to their shareholders. It really angered a lot of lawmakers. There was actually a report out by a congressional oversight committee that criticized the current Treasury for not tracking the money and not forcing banks to lend out this money or for helping homeowners. Geithner is basically responding to those criticisms and doing those very things.","So, what's his plan to make sure that the oversight is improved by the Treasury Department?","Well, one idea he's considering is to create a separate bureau within Treasury. It would be easier to track the performance of the rescue program if it was separated out from the rest of the Treasury. That's the belief. But in addition to that, they are really thinking about creating whole - entire new programs that would force banks to reveal what they are doing with rescue money as well as support some of the markets that finance credit cards, auto loans, you know, municipal bonds. These are new programs that haven't yet existed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Plan to make sure that the oversight is improved by the treasury Department","questions":"What is Geithner considering to create within Treasury?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["What about people who work for somebody who's in power and might not get the same guarantees?","Well, the problem with the guarantees is that who gives them?Because now there is a highly fragmented global community of attorneys, of activists, of non-governmental organizations and foundations that can't initiate proceedings against these people. Former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet felt very safe in, you know, in a trip to Europe. And all of a sudden, he was taken into custody unexpectedly by a judge in Spain. And so, you know, no one today can offer foolproof guarantees to dictators that they will not be prosecuted once they are out of power or even if they are still in power.","If you take a look, for example, at Syria, have we seen that at play?","Yeah. Well, in Syria remember; we - the international community thought that Bashar al-Assad was gone and that his days were counted. And he's still there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : when someone or somethings days are\/were counted means that they are dead, or for a company means going out of business, or in some cases it means the person is in trouble","questions":"What does the phrase \"days counted\" imply?","answer":"Trouble"}
{"text":["(Laughter) They're very egalitarian. They want to win over each other. They have clusters in corners of libraries and gymnasiums. And you have to make a 15 percent threshold. So if you don't get 15 percent of the vote as a candidate, then your supporters have to go to someone else, and that's when it gets hairy in there where people are, you know, trying to make the case for someone to come to their side.","And how does this wind up translating itself to delegates?","It's a very complicated, long and winding process that actually takes months. And none of the results on election night actually translate to the delegates that go to the national convention. They're not bound in any way. In fact, most of this is just for momentum. It's a very small slice of delegates that wind up going to the nominating process. So really, we're talking about Sen.  Sanders, Hillary Clinton trying to gain momentum heading into the next contests.","Let me ask you about the specific party races. According to opinion polls, Mr.  Trump has extended his lead on the Republican side. Does he have an organization to deliver, or is it all (unintelligible)?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Does Mr. Trump have the support to win the Republican nomination, or is it uncertain?","questions":"How does turn 3 inquire about Mr. Trump's chances of winning the Republican nomination? (Answer: uncertain)","answer":"uncertain"}
{"text":["You also call this the start of a new era in America's modern history - in what way?","Well, the Clean Air Act really changed, in many ways, the conception of government's role and gave to the federal government both the power and the responsibility to protect Americans' health. One of the most revolutionary pieces of this very innovatively designed law was a provision which elevated public health as a priority above all others in the setting of air quality standards for the entire country. It put public health over and above corporate profit and cost in determining what amounts of pollution would be allowed in Americans' air.","But that hasn't stopped it from being challenged, right?How has it weathered those challenges?","Well, it's been up and down over the years. And I think what we're seeing right now is a really sort of unprecedented assault on the Clean Air Act and the enforcement of the Clean Air Act by the Trump administration. Obviously, I think, we've all become familiar over the last few years with the idea of climate change denial. But I think what we're now seeing in the Trump years is actually air pollution denial."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"unprecedented assault on the Clean Air Act\" - This turn has a figurative meaning, as it refers to the Trump administration's efforts to weaken or dismantle the Clean Air Act, which is seen as an attack on the law itself and its purpose.","questions":"How does turn 3 describe the Trump administration's actions towards the Clean Air Act?","answer":"weaken"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me, Michel.","So organizers say that there were about a million people protesting today. The police say it's more like a quarter of a million. Still, that is a lot of people in a city of 7 million people. You were out in the streets. What did you see?","The streets were completely packed. It was just jammed - a complete mosh pit. I was out there, and I had just never seen so many people out on the streets before. They were marching through the city's main east-west artery for about two and a half miles from the park to the government headquarters. The head of the crowd started streaming out of the park at around 2:30 in the afternoon. And five hours later, as I was circling back to the start of the march, people were still going strong, and the tail end of the crowd was nowhere to be seen. So that just shows you how many people were joining this march for hours on end.","The issue of extradition is certainly important, but it just isn't something we often see people demonstrating about. And why do you think this sparked such a massive response?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The police may be downplaying the number of protesters.","questions":"How many people did the police say were protesting?","answer":"Quarter"}
{"text":["All over. I was just meeting with a friend. I had served at the U. S.  Embassy in Mexico. She's here with a group of students and professors. I have just met recently a TV crew from Romania. Another one has come in from Serbia. And, of course, of special note, a number of journalists have come in from Kenya, where there's a very very big interest, obviously, for the roots of the candidate Senator Obama.","Well, tell us, what's drawing the other journalists?What is it that they're so fascinated by?","I think it goes back probably to the caucuses in Iowa in January, and it's just grown. Clearly, as the enthusiasm in the United States has grown, I think a lot of them are focusing on the young people so involved, but in general, the U. S.  public so involved in these elections and in these campaigns. And I think, in part, it is, the U. S.  does remain a certain kind of example in terms of democracy.","Well, I mean, is it fair to say that, were Barack Obama not in this race, there wouldn't be as much interest?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 'were Barack Obama not in this race, there wouldn't be as much interest' implies Obama is the main reason for the interest","questions":"How is Obama related to the interest?","answer":"Main"}
{"text":["This story starts in 2005. That October, 21-year-old Army Sgt. Erik Schei was shot in the head during his second tour in Iraq. The bullet shattered the top half of his skull; and his parents, Christine and Gordon, have been his primary caregivers for the past eight years. At StoryCorps, they remembered finding out about their son's injury.","I remember hearing the phone ring really, really early in the morning. It must have been 4, 4:30. And I saw you white as a sheet, shaking - all over your body - and I just said, is it about Erik?And you said, yes. And I said, is he dead?And you said, no. And I said, is he OK?And you shook your head.","It was a sniper that hit him. And it entered above his right ear and exited above his left.","Do you remember seeing him for the first time in the hospital?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3): \"It was a sniper that hit him. And it entered above his right ear and exited above his left.\" The literal meaning of this turn is that Sgt. Erik Schei was shot by a sniper, and the bullet entered and exited his head from above his right ear and left side of his head, respectively. However, the implied meaning is that the injury sustained by Sgt. Erik Schei was severe, life-threatening, and life-altering for him and his family.","questions":"How was Sgt. Erik Schei's injury sustained?","answer":"Shot"}
{"text":["Absolutely. So what the defense may try to do is say, what we're dealing with here is a criminal, a dishonest individual from start to finish. He is being sponsored - his testimony is being sponsored by the government. But you can't trust him. After all, look at all the things he's done. He's stolen, in fact, not only from others but from his own business associate, Mr.  Manafort.","And he gets some kind of consideration for testifying - immunity, right?","Well, what he gets is. . .","Maybe not absolute immunity, but OK, go ahead."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The witness is receiving immunity in exchange for his testimony.","questions":"Which exchange is the witness receiving?","answer":"Immunity"}
{"text":["Four-fifty a month, sorry, I think I missed it. But that would translate to, like, 15 hours a day.","Yeah, yeah.","You're saying yeah, like it's no big deal. I mean, but where does - what drives you?That seems like a lot of time.","It is a lot of time, but, I mean, at the end of the day, why does anyone do anything?It makes me feel alive, and it makes me feel excited about the world, I guess.","There's no ads on Brainpickings, either. Why did you make that decision?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He mentions what drives you as A is taking a his tasks with an overwork schedule. ","questions":"How does PersonA feel about the time spent on his tasks?","answer":"Alive"}
{"text":["And then bringing production back to the United States is not possible and realistic because we don't have a labor pool here. The president is closing the borders to low-skill labor. So who's going to make the product?","Now, if President Trump does go through with imposing tariffs on toy imports from China after the holiday season - let me ask you - could you afford to maintain most of your production in China still?","Well, we really won't have a choice but to find a way to afford it. And the one way to afford it is, we will have to, at some point during the course of 2020, begin to pass the tariffs along to the consumer.","So how much of a price hike are we talking for, say, like, a Cutetito?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The US does not have enough low-skilled labor to bring production back and imposing tariffs will make it difficult to manufacture products in China.","questions":"Which product's price hike does PersonB ask about?","answer":"Cutetito"}
{"text":["This Thanksgiving week, we've been offering a little respite from all the glum financial news. We have been checking in with people who are doing all right despite the bleak economy. This day after the big turkey feast, we hear from an industry almost guaranteed a boom in business. We're talking about plumbing. Kevin Shaw runs Kevin Shaw Plumbing here in southern California. Welcome to the program.","Glad to be with you.","So I have heard that the day after Thanksgiving, plumbing companies can do as much as 50 percent more in business. Why is that?What is going on the day after?","We see a big increase in the number of people that call us with a plugged-up kitchen sink or maybe the toilet has plugged up. Those are the two big plumbing calls that we'll get today."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : big turkey feast refers to celebration dying ","questions":"How does turn 0 relate to the Thanksgiving week in the dialogue?","answer":"Thanksgiving"}
{"text":["Well, she took a very strong stance and decided to convoke a disciplinary meeting at the headquarters of the National Front to reprimand officially and potentially exclude her father from the party he himself created 40 years ago.","She put out a statement that said, quote, \"her father seems to have entered a veritable spiral between a scorched-earth strategy and a political suicide. \"That's. . .","Yeah.",". . . Not making peace there, certainly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B: \"...Not making peace there, certainly.\" This turn uses the idiomatic expression \"making peace,\" which means to resolve a conflict or disagreement. However, in this context, it is used sarcastically to suggest that the daughter's actions are not aimed at resolving the conflict with her father.","questions":"How did PersonB interpret the daughter's actions towards her father?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["Hey. How you doing, Lulu?","I'm very well. For people who haven't been to Richmond, can you describe Monument Avenue for us?What statues are there?","Monument Avenue is one of the most beautiful stretches of street in the United States of America. I mean, it's tree-lined. It's on the national historic registry. There are statues to Robert E.  Lee. There's a statue to Jeb Stuart, to, you know, Stonewall Jackson. And there's a lonely statue of Arthur Ashe, which I call the only true champion on that stretch of street.","The tennis champion, Arthur Ashe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"I'm very well. For people who haven't been to Richmond, can you describe Monument Avenue for us? What statues are there?\" - The actual meaning is the speaker is politely introducing themselves, expressing their good health and asking a genuine question about Monument Avenue and its statues, rather than just making small talk.","questions":"How would you describe PersonB's questioning style? (One-word answer: genuinely)","answer":"Genuinely"}
{"text":["Perhaps Thursday night. And he had also mentioned that there - Democrats were, quote, \"trying to steal the election\" and had sort of mentioned fraud and referred the matter onto the state's version of the FBI called the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, known as the FDLE. Well, FDLE, the next day, said, hey, there's no allegation of fraud, that it - they don't even have a complaint.","So far, all of these folks are saying, on the Republican side, hey, there's fraud, it needs to be investigated, while the state investigative agency is like, we're here to investigate. Show us. And so far, there's nothing.","With 20 seconds left, why does this happen a lot in Florida?","Because that's just how we are. I think Tim Russert said Florida, Florida, Florida. Or some people call us Flori-duh (ph). And this is just part of the nature of living here and being a reporter in the Sunshine State."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Flori-duh\" is a pun that plays on the literal name of the state, Florida, and the slang term \"duh\" which is often used to indicate stupidity or foolishness. This turn is figurative in nature.","questions":"What is the slang term that the pun \"Flori-duh\" plays on?","answer":"Stupidity"}
{"text":["So things like Hillary Clinton's speeches - the Goldman Sachs speeches - I think those do pass the public interest test. Even given the importance of those few newsworthy items, if you ask me, is the dumping of this much private information and this much internal conversation - the damage this does to our political system - is it worth a few news items if I had a binary choice - all of it or none of it?","I would say we haven't gained that much. But the ideal wouldn't be that binary choice. The ideal would be that such leaks and hacks would go to responsible journalists who would go through this and would identify what is actually in the public interest.","But these - this day and age - wouldn't people say the news organization is concealing information - that they want the chance to look at the original documents and decide for themselves?","I think, in this day and age, we really need to figure out when to hold back. In the past, news was driven by scarcity. There wasn't enough news. And you sent around journalists. And you said, let's find out what's going on."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of this turn is that people might think news organizations are concealing information, but the actual meaning is that people might think news organizations should not be concealing information.","questions":"How would people interpret news organizations if they were not concealing information?","answer":"Transparency"}
{"text":["We're getting a rare inside view of a massive Taliban attack in Afghanistan earlier this month. In that assault, the Taliban nearly succeeded in seizing control of a key provincial capital - city of Ghazni, about 90 miles from the Afghan capital, Kabul. In a matter of days, the Taliban offensive was halted, but the death toll and destruction were immense. Hundreds of Afghan civilians, police officers and soldiers were killed. U. S.  Special Forces and Army played a key role in crushing the attack. Nine of them were hurt - among them, two who sustained what will be lifelong injuries. Time magazine correspondent William Hennigan was reporting in Afghanistan at the time and was allowed to travel with the Green Berets to Ghazni. They had gotten a call that several Afghan helicopters were down. And they headed out to secure the area.","As they approached the city overnight, they were seeing that the city of Ghazni was on fire. And they knew that they had quite a fighting force to go up against. And the signs were readily apparent. Aside from the great fire that was burning in front of them, there was craters, IEDs, trucks that were standing like tombstones in the middle of the road. So the ODA had to muscle their way around these vehicles in order to push through to the city.","The ODA being the Green Beret unit.","That's correct. And while they're doing that, in comes mortar fire and RPGs and AK-47 fire. So it was not only a difficult task to punch into the city. It was also quite deadly because of the ambush that they had walked into."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They used ammunition to make their way into the city.","questions":"How did the ODPersonA push through to the city?","answer":"Ammunition"}
{"text":["It's a pleasure to be with you. And thank you very much for having me.","So this issue has been kind of dancing around the edges of political discourse for years now. I mean, Jesse Jackson made it part of his platform when he ran for president in 1988. And as we mentioned, your former colleague, Representative Conyers, reintroduced the bill in every congressional session for 25 years. But now it seems to be gaining some traction again. Why do you think that is?","I frankly believe that there's something to elections - And this is a Democratic House with Democratic leadership - and also the times. And it is tragic, but it is real that we've seen an uptick in racial incidences - white supremacy, white nationalism. And so the question of slavery, frankly, has never been addressed, particularly from the institutional governmental perspective. And I've updated the language of the resolution, HR40, and that is that it is a commission to study and to engage in proposals, recommendations on the question of reparation.","And it really goes to, I think, more people understanding that 40 acres and a mule was a legitimate concept right after the Emancipation Proclamation, and that never happened. But yet cotton was king. It was an economic engine of the entire United States. And so the prominence of the United States today in the 21st century is grounded on the free brutal labor that Africans gave and their descendants."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The election of a Democratic House and the rise of white supremacy have made it possible for the issue of slavery and reparation to gain more attention.","questions":"How has the rise of what influenced the issue of slavery and reparation to gain more attention?","answer":"White"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So boys are broken. What did you mean by that?","I want to clarify that I am not an expert in gender studies. I'm not an expert really in anything, other than maybe '80s music. And so my thoughts are reflective on my experiences and the experiences of people around me and my observations after living 46 years as a dude. What do I mean by boys are broken?I think it means that there is something going on with American men that is giving them the permission and space to commit violence. And one of the main things we focus on correctly is guns and mental health, but I think deeper than that is a problem, a crisis in masculinity.","You wrote in this that the last 50 years redefined womanhood. Women were taught that they can be anything. No commensurate movement for men, who are still generally locked to the same rigid, outdated model of masculinity. And it's killing us. When you say that there's this rigid masculinity, what do you mean by that - that men aren't able to express themselves?","Partially, yeah. I also think that masculinity doesn't have a language in the way that femininity has come to have a language. We understand that femininity can be much more broadly encompassing than masculinity now. When you think of a strong woman, that doesn't rob her of any of her femininity. But when you think of a fragile man, that has the effect culturally, I think, of neutering that guy. And so much of masculinity is rooted in sexuality."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Rigid masculinity implies that men are not able to express themselves and it's killing them.","questions":"How does the cultural perception of a fragile man affect him?","answer":"neuter"}
{"text":["Well, they've arrested these two men. One is an official in the office of the governor of the province. The other is the president of the university. Those would seem to be two pretty prominent individuals. Does anyone know what's happened to them, where they are?","That's still murky right now. We know they've been arrested. We don't know where they're being held, and according to Iraqi officials, they've apparently been arrested on charges of committing violence, committing terrorism. We don't much - really much more than that.","So we have this day in Iraq. It begins with this pretty normal thing, a visit from a - from the leader of a neighboring country, and then this kind of a development, which doesn't sound normal at all. It leaves you kind of wondering, one step forward, one step backwards.","Sure, but, you know, what it really illustrates is how uneven the security situation in Iraq is. Sure, you're seeing signs of progress. You're seeing neighboring leaders and neighboring countries visit. You are seeing violence levels down, but there are still large parts of Iraq that could explode at any moment. And it really shows how little the security situation is in many areas."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) In turn (1), the speaker implies that the arrest of the two prominent individuals is concerning and raises questions about the current situation in Iraq.","questions":"How would you describe the situation in Iraq after the arrest of the two prominent individuals?","answer":"Concerning"}
{"text":["Hate is the easier part. I hate being away from my kids and my family. That's really tough to be gone as much as I am. And I love to play live for people. I love to see people, you know, enjoy themselves and enjoy music. And when it's my music it's even better.","What do you think is going to happen to art as we go through these tough times?","Oh, I think art will survive. During these times, movies and music don't seem to suffer that much because, I mean, music gets you through all this stuff.","And where are you headed next?I mean, in terms of creatively. Are you going to go back and make another country album?I mean, what do you think - besides touring, which I know you are. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Despite tough times, art will survive and music helps people cope.","questions":"What helps people cope?","answer":"Music"}
{"text":["Thank you very much. It's nice to be here.","So dung beetles use the starry night, they use the Milky Way to navigate around?","They do indeed. Yes. It's a surprising finding, but they do indeed. Yeah. We discovered it almost by chance, really, because we were studying their mechanisms of navigating with regards to the moon, which is slightly more visible and obvious stimulus during the night sky. But we discovered on most parts of the month when the moon came up extremely late after midnight, particularly that until midnight, we suddenly discovered that the beetles were still able to navigate even without the moon. So we were quite puzzled by this, a bit alarmed actually at first because we were worried that our previous work was wrong. But then after further contemplation, we sort of realized that, well, maybe they were using the stars. And it turned out to be the case.","They can actually see the Milky Way at night time?","They can, yes. They probably don't see that many individual stars because their eyes really aren't sensitive enough to discern many more than probably the 10 or so brightest stars. But they can actually see the very dim stripe of light, which is - which makes up the Milky Way, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. It's very, very obvious actually compared to the Northern Hemisphere. And it's this broad and rather dim stripe of light which they're able to detect and to orient with respect to.","How do you craft an experiment to discover this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : nice to be here means its nice that I'm here being interviewed","questions":"How did the beetles navigate without the moon?","answer":"Stars"}
{"text":["Right (laughter).","But you saw her in the kitchen all the time.","Oh, yes. Yes, we had a good time. I mean, I met Julia in 1960. Helen McCullough was the food editor of \"House Beautiful. \"She said, I have that manuscript here. Can you look at it, of French cooking?What do you think of it?And I say, well I think it's very good. And she said, well, the woman is from California. She's coming to New York next week. Let's cook for her.","It's a big, tall woman with a terrible voice. And of course, that was Julia."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"It's a big, tall woman with a terrible voice. And of course, that was Julia.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is a description of Julia's physical appearance and voice, but the actual meaning is that A is identifying Julia as the woman they were discussing earlier.","questions":"How would you describe Julia's voice?","answer":"Terrible"}
{"text":["Do you think that this case is going to spur new changes to procedure or to policy regarding migrant care?","Investigations into this latest migrant death are still ongoing. The FBI, local police, CBP all have their own investigations, which may eventually shed some more light on what exactly went wrong here. But I think we're already hearing calls for these agencies to just follow the law and hand over migrant children to Health and Human Services within 72 hours as they are supposed to do. For their part, the agencies say they're trying to comply, but they need more resources. Not only are these Border Patrol stations overwhelmed, but the migrant shelters that are overseen by HHS are also near capacity.","One more thing - today the president appointed an immigration hard-liner, Ken Cuccinelli, to a post inside the Homeland Security Department. How could this affect immigration policy?","Right. This is the former attorney general of Virginia who ran for governor on a hard-line immigration platform a few years ago. He's already been a White House adviser on immigration. He has advocated for sending more troops to the border and stopping the migrant caravans that were a big story last year. Now Cuccinelli is going to have a formal role inside the Department of Homeland Security.","To me, this shows that President Trump is doubling down on his crackdown on immigrants that is likely to be a central focus of his 2020 reelection campaign. Though of course, as immigrant advocates point out, that strategy seems to have backfired, at least in part, when Republicans lost the House in last year's midterm elections.","That's NPR's Joel Rose. Joel, thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : President Trump's immigration policy may have hurt Republican's midterm election results","questions":"Which political party suffered in the midterm elections due to President Trump's focus on immigration?","answer":"Republicans"}
{"text":["Only 34 percent of the voters went to the polls this week. Isn't that usually the kind of election in which a well-financed campaign with a good ground campaign is supposed to win?","That's the way it's been rigged for years. For years, the reason Chicago had a municipal election - not a primary - and put it in February when people were too frozen to leave their homes was to guarantee the installation - or reinstallation - of the incumbent. So this goes against all of that conventional wisdom.","Still, Mayor Emanuel just has to get another five percent of the vote. Does this runoff on April 7 look like a real election now?","Yes, it does. And the reason it does is that it's not the only activity and sort of fire burning in the city. We have a record number of runoffs. As you know, we have 50 aldermen. Nineteen of them didn't make it directly into a victory. They are going to runoffs, and they are the insurgents. They are the so-called progressives. They're the people that Emanuel's forces formed a PAC to try to reduce the numbers of. And so there's a lot of activity in wards, and it all speaks to this overall issue of voter discontent."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) A: \"That's the way it's been rigged for years.\" - The actual meaning is that the system has been intentionally manipulated or controlled in favor of certain individuals or groups for a long time, rather than simply describing a physical or mechanical rigging.","questions":"What type of election did Chicago have in February?","answer":"Municipal"}
{"text":["Well, I say that may be the case. And I'm for affirmative action. I'm for giving opportunities to minorities. I'm for immigration reform. I'm a very proud Hispanic. But I just think the Democratic Party has to communicate a better message of economic populism, of helping small businesses. Somehow the centrist white male, the conservative white male that used to vote Democratic from the South and the Midwest is eluding us. And we've got to get that base back or get some portion of the base because they're leaving us in droves.","And what about those politicians that might say, hey, look, we won a couple of national elections with the demographics that we have in the Democratic Party.","Well, what I say to them is that's great. But we've lost the Congress. We've lost the House. We've lost the Senate. We lose governorships. And, you know, it's not just the presidency that has the power in this country. It's local officials, it's county commissioners, it's governors. It's not just the Congress. It's a whole range of offices where we're not competing because we - we need a stronger, compelling economic message. And somehow, that seems to be eluding us if you look at recent elections, especially in the South and the Midwest.","You've already cited Bernie Sanders. And I gather you have endorsed Hillary Clinton for the Democratic nomination for president. How do you think Secretary Clinton addresses these issues?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"eluding us\" - This means that the centrist white male and conservative white male voters are not voting for the Democratic Party, but the literal meaning of \"eluding\" is to escape or avoid something.","questions":"Which group of voters is not voting for the Democratic Party?","answer":"White"}
{"text":["It's correlated with overt racism, but it's very different, and the difference is that people are unaware of this. They don't want it, very often. They certainly don't endorse it, and it's what clinical psychologists or psychiatrists call a dissociation. It's like two separate things in the head, one egalitarian and open, the other biased.","All right, Dr.  Greenwald, thank you very much.","Thank you, Ira.","Tony Greenwald, psychologist, professor of psychology at the University of Washington. We're going to take a break, and afterwards we're going to come back and ask the candidates in a science debate - what would you ask them about science?Stay with us. We'll be right back. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The dissociation between conscious egalitarian beliefs and unconscious biased behaviour is a common phenomenon in people.","questions":"How do clinical psychologists or psychiatrists describe the phenomenon where people hold unconscious biased behavior despite conscious egalitarian beliefs?","answer":"Dissociation"}
{"text":["Hmm. For - yeah, for all of us to take a look at.","Mm-hmm.","What made this an outstanding candidate?Just the story like that, for your. . .","To write about?Well, yeah. The things that I'm always looking for are things that have the quality, as you heard me say a few times, they make people laugh and then think. When you first see them, they're funny. You have almost no choice but to laugh. And then a few days later, you find it still rattling around in your head, and you just want to tell somebody about it. These are the things that really - they're funny mainly because they're so unexpected. There's something about them that you just - at first glance, it's beyond anything you ever had any reason to think about it, just - it's staggering. Maybe later on when you get used to it, it doesn't seem funny anymore, but at first glance. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asking why the candidate is outstanding, not just inquiring about the story","questions":"How does PersonA describe the type of things they look for in a candidate?","answer":"Funny"}
{"text":["We know that many refugees went back to the former Yugoslavia. In the 1990s, there was a mass exodus from Yugoslavia. People have gone back there. But the overall evidence is that 80% of the world's refugees leave their country for at least five years, 20% for at least 20 years. And I think we are dealing with both the crises of diplomacy and the crises of humanitarian aid, and both need to be addressed. Our belief is that America has a proud tradition on which to stand in doing both those tasks.","David Miliband is president and CEO of the International Rescue Committee.","Thank you so much for your time.","Thank you so much, Rachel."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 80% of refugees leave their country for at least five years or more.","questions":"How long do 80% of refugees stay away from their country?","answer":"five"}
{"text":["But won't you be driving down the price of platinum if you start bringing it back to Earth?","I'll tell you, Ira, nothing would make me happier. The story of aluminum, if you - it's a really interesting one if you go and look it up.","Yeah.","Even though aluminum is 10 percent of our Earth's crust, we could never get to it until the 18th century because it was in oxides and we didn't know how to get it. So back in the day of Napoleon's court, when he had his most VIP guests, he would pull out the aluminum and leave the gold and silver for the nobles."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Even though aluminum is 10 percent of our Earth's crust, we could never get to it until the 18th century because it was in oxides and we didn't know how to get it. So back in the day of Napoleon's court, when he had his most VIP guests, he would pull out the aluminum and leave the gold and silver for the nobles.\"  The literal meaning of this turn suggests that Napoleon preferred aluminum over gold and silver. However, the actual meaning of this turn is that aluminum was once considered a precious metal, and was more valuable than gold and silver during Napoleon's time.","questions":"How was aluminum considered during Napoleon's time?","answer":"Precious"}
{"text":["I am - my lips are sealed. But let's just say we are a certain kind of gypsy and we - it's very much like a family. When you've been touring together for six months or more and you're all living on a bus, you become very close and very supportive and close in good ways and bad ways.","But we feel very privileged to be able to do what we do. And the places we get to go, the people we get to meet, the stages we get to perform on, it's a privilege. It really is. It's something we don't ever want to take for granted.","I was, again, thinking back to that song, in that leafy neighborhood you described around Washington, D. C.","Well, actually, I was thinking about where I grew up - the first 10 years of my life - in Princeton, New Jersey, when I was describing that. But you're right, very much, lot of leafy neighborhoods in Washington where I have spent most of my life."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : We are not actually gypsies but a touring band","questions":"What type of band are they?","answer":"Band"}
{"text":["You edited \"Confessions of a Video Vixen\" by Karrine Steffans. We've had her on show. And it's a memoir about her life as a video dancer for artists like JZ, R.  Kelly, LL Cool J. It talks about hip hop, sex, sexuality, family. Tell me about the process of getting her story to press.","Well it's interesting. I'd heard quite a lot about Corrine via reading a magazine article about her and then hearing about her repeatedly on radio. And so when I reached out to her, I didn't really have a lot of expectations other than this might be interesting. And so I had a very long conversation with her and you know, upon talking to her I was very impressed with her being very - her candor was amazing first of all and then secondly the fact that she was unapologetic about her life. She wasn't proud of it necessarily but she wasn't apologetic either.","And so one of the things that we did, our editorial director, who is amazing, went out to LA and said, I just want to experience this woman for myself and so she spent an evening with her in a popular Hollywood watering hole. And she knew after that evening that Corrine was who she said she was, just based on how people, particularly men, responded to her just from her walking into the room.","Well that's one way of looking at things. But the publisher obviously went a lot further to turn\u2026"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The subject matter of the memoir is controversial and intriguing","questions":"What is the memoir about?","answer":"Memoir"}
{"text":["The regime does blame rebels for escalating this bout of violence. And, as you say, there's a lot at stake here. It's a place that's swollen with civilians. A lot of people who've fled the fighting elsewhere in the country have taken refuge here, and aid workers are saying it would be a catastrophe if a full war took hold here.","Oh, this is amazing. So this is where a lot of people who have fled violence arrived in huge numbers, thinking that this might be their one last safe. . .","Right.",". . . Space. And if there are that many civilians there - like, what do we know about these airstrikes so far?How badly are civilians being hit?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The airstrikes are hitting civilians and causing harm","questions":"What is the impact of the airstrikes?","answer":"impact"}
{"text":["Finally, Mike, the Super Bowl is usually one huge party. But given the current economy, do you think it'll be as big of a celebration?","Officially, they give figures that are absolutely impossible to check about how much the Super Bowl adds to the economy. $300 million is one of the official totals. But I've read different economists saying the impact on a local economy is very small. And I have informally talked to some limo drivers and talked to some people who work in hotels. And they said, you know, a year ago, if you told them the Super Bowl was going to be here, they would've thought they'd all be booked up by now. But you can still get a limo maybe on Friday and Saturday, maybe not Sunday going to the game.","So it does - and another indication is that there used to be two huge parties sponsored by Playboy and Maxim, and Playboy is not having its party. So that's the economic indicator of this Super Bowl, that Playboy is not having its party.","NPR's Mike Pesca in Tampa, Florida for this weekend's Super Bowl. Thanks Mike."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Playboy's lack of party isn't the key economic indicator, but just one indicator among many. 'A' is jokingly exaggerating its importance because he thinks it is amusing.","questions":"How does 'A' characterize Playboy's lack of party?","answer":"Amusing"}
{"text":["Help us understand how - what life has been like in Venezuela over the past few years that's brought the country to this point.","Venezuela's shockingly misgoverned. It's hard to wrap your head around a country that has lost half of its GDP in five years without a war. That's worse economic performance than Syria. It's the - only the first case of hyperinflation in Latin America in the 21st century. Inflation is running at over 1 million percent a year, and prices are doubling every three weeks or so. And so what we've seen is a mass exodus. People have just walked - in many cases, actually walked - tens, hundreds of kilometers to the border of Colombia and Brazil to find a better life in neighboring countries.","So it's a first humanitarian crisis in South America in the 21st century. And neighboring countries have never seen anything like it. Colombia had to send a fact-finding team to the Turkish-Syrian border to figure out how to deal with an influx of hundreds of thousands of desperate, hungry people.","Can your reporters operate freely?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : mass exodus meaning people leaving in large numbers to escape the situation they no longer wish to be a part of","questions":"What is the reason for the mass exodus in Venezuela?","answer":"Desperation"}
{"text":["So I guess you could be arguing that they're just coming down to realistic levels.","Yeah, I could be arguing that.","All right. Well, let's talk about what this means in relation to the president's recently announced housing rescue package. Now, I understand that it's only applicable if you have a loan of less than $417,000. In other words, not a jumbo loan, and if you're only five percent underwater.","That's right. It does include people who have not defaulted yet, which is a good thing, and it's focused on the right target. The right target is this auctions market, which has gotten clogged. That's really by and large - it's all over the country, but it's particularly in low states, in these four states, and it's at the low end of the market. So most of the properties that are in foreclosure or a lot of the properties in foreclosure are actually within that conforming limit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Not underwater, but when a person owes more than the house is worth.","questions":"How does the president's recently announced housing rescue package apply to jumbo loans?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["(Unintelligible) exactly did some tests.","Marc, I hate to interrupt. . .","Yup.",". . . to say this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow with Marc.","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that B is interrupting A to introduce the radio program they are both on, \"SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR,\" and to announce their names. However, the implied meaning is that B is politely interrupting A to take over as the host of the radio program.","questions":"Which program is PersonB introducing in turn 3?","answer":"SCIENCE"}
{"text":["It's called a poor choice. On one innocent New Year's Eve in the early 1980s, I went to a party with all my friends. And justification, rationalization - everybody's doing it. I'm the only kid who's - just has a couple beers and is not doing coke. So you know what?I try it. And you know what happened?I'm not like everybody else. I liked it too damn much. And what it did was take away the split-second timing of being able to hit a major league fastball and to do the geometry that you need to do to run down ground balls and throw accurately. It just took a split second off me. And I had a 10-year career. But I would have been, in my opinion, an all-star-type player a couple years. And the morals - incredibly, the morals and values that my dad instilled in me made me a good cocaine user, so to speak.","I don't understand that at all. The morals your father instilled in you made you a good cocaine user.","Here's how. Here's how. I was never late for a game, never would think about playing a game on coke. I was raised too well to do that. I convinced myself that I was OK.","Painful as it is but also, I think, instructive to those of us who loved your father - could you tell us about the time when he called you up and said, get over here?And it was - your father and your brothers wanted to talk to you about all this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : not literally doing geometry math problems, but understanding how to play baseball using both brains and athleticism","questions":"What did cocaine take away from the PersonA's ability to play baseball?","answer":"accuracy"}
{"text":["There are U. S.  citizens who've been caught up in these really devastating attacks. I can't give out more details at this time because of privacy concerns. But I think we're all just very shocked and saddened by the breadth of the attacks and how senseless they were, particularly targeting people as they worship this morning at Sunday services and were enjoying holiday meals at several of the big hotels.","Right - Easter day. Now, a decade ago, Sri Lanka ended an extremely violent civil war where large-scale suicide bombings were common. Do we know why this now after a relatively peaceful past 10 years?","That's a good question. We don't really have all the answers we want about who was behind these attacks. I don't believe they were linked to that conflict period. But for a country trying to recover, trying to achieve reconciliation among the ethnic and religious groups here, this is not going to support that effort.","Could you tell us more about the ethnic and religious makeup of Sri Lanka and whether those demographics are relevant to what is happening today?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : implies that the speaker has information about U.S. citizens affected by the attacks, but cannot disclose it due to privacy concerns. The use of passive voice (\"have been caught up\") and vague expressions like \"devastating attacks\" and \"senseless they were\" create a sense of emotional distance and uncertainty, while the phrase \"I think we're all just very shocked and saddened\" suggests a shared reaction.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the attacks?","answer":"devastating"}
{"text":["Does the seriousness of this cast a shadow on the White House?Are they concerned about what, for instance, is going to be coming out today?","I think it casts a huge shadow over the White House. I think it's very serious. I want Congress to conduct full oversight on it. And I think we need to look at it. I think Congress and I think Republicans and Democrats have a duty, no matter who's in the White House, to ask tough questions, and the president can push back when they think they overreach.","Finally, with the president calling this a hoax and a scam, do you think that is wise?","Well, I - you know, I'm not going to comment on every description the president. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They want to know if the seriousness of the situation makes the government appear to be bad to the public.","questions":"Which word describes the concern about the image of the government in the public eye?","answer":"Shadow"}
{"text":["I don't really describe myself. I don't have a - I don't label myself really. I've done some interviewing in the past and just, you know, strike up a general conversation with people usually in sort of a casual environment. And for some reason, usually, people will talk to me.","And I have to say, you've got great researching skills. I read that you even dug up Carter Page's undergrad thesis, and you spoke with his U. S. Naval Academy thesis adviser. That's amazing. Why did you do that, and how did you go that deep?","I don't know. I just - I have a curiosity about this whole situation, and I really wanted to get to the bottom of it. So I - you know, the easiest way to say it is no stone left unturned.","You say, you know, you want to contribute to the investigation, but how are you different than a journalist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"people will talk to me\" - This implies that the speaker has a skill or quality that makes people comfortable talking to them.","questions":"How would you describe the PersonA's ability in one word?","answer":"Comforting"}
{"text":["So, I think, you know, I didn't expect her to do anything huge after \"Dream Girls. \"I think that's just sort of the name of the game. When you're an African-American actress, you take what you can get. And this is a big film. It's a small role, but it's in a huge movie that will probably do incredibly well. I just thought she was ill-fitted. I didn't think she belonged in it.","Kelly Rowland, you mentioned her name, Destiny's Child.","MS.  SAMUELS: Right.","She basically said she wanted the part."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is expressing their opinion about the actress's ability to get roles in Hollywood as an African-American woman, and how they didn't think she was a good fit for the particular movie. The literal meaning of the words used in the turn may not convey the speaker's actual opinion or intended message.","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion on the actress's fit for the particular movie?","answer":"Didn't"}
{"text":["One sergeant in the Green Berets told you - and this gives you some sense of the intensity of what went on - I've never seen that many rocket-propelled grenades in my career.","That's correct. He's an 11-year veteran of the Green Beret team, so he's pretty much seen it all in Iraq and Afghanistan. And he said it was almost, you know, cinematic. This particular attack seemed so highly orchestrated that they just felt like, you know - that they were throwing everything that they could at them.","Why weren't the Afghan military forces in Ghazni able to repel this Taliban attack?","The local forces had communication problems. They weren't able to really strategize about how to beat back the Taliban forces. They were overwhelmed in a lot of ways, despite the fact that they're flush with U. S. -supplied weaponry, at that. There were reports of Afghan military firing on their own forces, as well as American convoys. And there were reports that they had delivered the wrong supplies to police departments that were in desperate need of more ammunition. So really, what it came down to was that they needed the U. S.  Special Forces and Afghan commandos, which is special forces of sorts for the Afghans, to be able to have strategy, to be able to communicate with one another and to be able to act in concert rather than these sort of disparate skirmishes.","That adds up to a pretty damning appraisal of the Afghan military's readiness."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They had a large amount of weapons from the United States.","questions":"What supplies were delivered to the police departments in Ghazni?","answer":"Wrong"}
{"text":["Oh, there's a sea lion. See its nose coming up right there?","Oh, yeah.","That sea lion's got the same mission we do. We're both looking for salmon. But first, we need that ice to chill the catch.","It gets sprayed down from the dock in a giant tube, enough for two big coolers."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The sea lion is searching for food in the same way that we are, so it can be seen as a symbol of perseverance and determination.","questions":"What is the sea lion a symbol of?","answer":"perseverance"}
{"text":["It's becoming a new Thanksgiving tradition. This year, like the year before, the newest installment of \"The Hunger Games\" movie franchise \"Mockingjay Part 1\" is an adaptation of the first half of Suzanne Collins third and final book in the series. And with the backdrop of what's been happening in the world, protests in Ferguson, Missouri, and shakeup at the Capitol - Capitol Hill that is. Audiences look for comparisons between the fictitious world of Panem and the real world. We're joined now by Stephen Carter, a professor of law at Yale, a novelist and columnist for Bloomberg View, where he writes regularly on popular culture. Stephen, thanks so much for being back with us.","It's my pleasure, Scott.","I'm just guessing you don't watch \"Hunger Games\" the way a lot of other people do.","You're right. I'm looking for tropes and ideas that are going to leap out of the film into public life. And one that's really striking about the \"Hunger Games\" franchise is how more than really anything else in recent years in popular culture, so many of the symbols - the nation of Panem itself with its deep wealth inequalities, the notion of the Capitol, this barricaded wealthy city and of course, Katniss Everdeen herself, the hero. All of these things have not only leapt into the public imagination, but they are regular features of political argument."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"my pleasure\" - This phrase is a polite way of responding to a thank you, but it does not actually mean that the person feels pleasure.","questions":"What does \"my pleasure\" actually mean?","answer":"Polite"}
{"text":["Thanks. Glad to be with you.","So what we've been hearing a lot about is basically just a failure of these negotiations to move forward. Before we get to the nuts and bolts of it, from an economic level, how are people in Detroit dealing with what appears to be a reluctance on the part of the federal government to really enter into a bailout?","Well, I think there are really two key emotions that are at play in Detroit right now. One is fear. People are very scared because the auto industry is so important to metro Detroit, thousands and thousands and thousands of jobs. If one or more of the automakers were to go under, the ripple effect here would be catastrophic because the plant is affected and then the suppliers are affected and the restaurants are affected and the shopping malls are affected. So there'd be such a horrible cascading effect.","So fear is number one, and I think number two is anger. People see how roughly the automakers were treated, and people feel that they were being treated as autoworkers, roughly as well, when at the same time you see, you know, on a Sunday night Citibank gets $20 billion without a second thought. So people here are very angry about the different treatments Wall Street and the automakers have received."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The treatment of the automakers in comparison to Wall Street has caused anger and frustration among people in Detroit.","questions":"How are people in Detroit feeling about the treatment of the automakers compared to Wall Street?","answer":"Different"}
{"text":["My God, the gratitude will be endless.","Now it's interesting what you're saying because, you know, your writing is so rooted in the Dominican community of New Jersey, specifically New Jersey is a very, you know, specific group of people. And, you know, the character, Yunior, who you have written about in your books, he's a smart, nerdy, bookish kid who I always think is maybe a little bit like yourself.","And I wonder what it's like to grow up in that community as a bookish kid, as I imagine you were, and then suddenly get an award like this, suddenly be declared a genius, suddenly have the freedom to, as they say, explore whatever you want to explore. Tell me about that journey for you, that personal journey.","Well, I mean, it bears repeating. I'm an immigrant. My father was an undocumented immigrant. I come from a community, a Dominican community that's part of a larger Latino community. And listen, you don't have to be a particularly awake person to know that for the last couple years, immigrants, Latinos and folks who have anything to do with undocumented immigration, have been just demonized by our politicians."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B wants to know more about the writer's personal journey, but also wants to understand how the writer's experiences may have shaped their writing","questions":"What community did the writer come from?","answer":"Dominican"}
{"text":["I agree. I was shocked - really shocked - when I found them. And then many things happened to me with Chopin through my life.","Such as?","Well (laughter), you're not going to believe this if you don't believe in the unknown normal. But I had a death mask of Chopin given to me. Some friends came over, and they said, what's that?I said, it's death mask of Chopin. That's what they used to do in those days. When someone died, they'd get someone to put wax on his face and make this death mask as a memorial. I took it off - down. I said, please be careful with it because it's, you know, very unique. There are only two or three in the world. My wife was there. My son was there - he was about 17 - and these two friends. And, suddenly, a fluid started coming out of one of the eyes. And I put my hand into this fluid, and it was salty. So I guess there was no question in my mind these were tears. What I felt was that Chopin was happy that he could communicate somehow with the current world.","You know, I learned one thing. People who are negative about these kinds of unknown normal things - they will never change. They'll always find another way that it could've happened or try to find another way that it could've happened. But I just give up try to convince them because they won't ever be convinced. The ones who are skeptics - once they hear about it, they say, oh, actually, it's real."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4): Implied meaning: Advising to not waste energy in trying to convince people who are negative about unknown normal things, since it is not possible to change their mindset.","questions":"How did PersonA describe the people who are negative about unknown normal things?","answer":"Negative"}
{"text":["Correct. It was one of the first ones to come out like that, and so I had no idea it was different from any other game. I just thought it was another game. And he, within three months of playing it, he started - it started affecting his real life negatively. He lost his job. He got evicted from his apartment. By the way, he was 20 years old when he started playing this, so he was an adult. But very quickly it showed negative effects. His personality changed. He started becoming a different person. He became withdrawn, antisocial, depressed. His focus became gaming, and he no longer was concerned about his real life or his future.","When you think about your son, do you think that there were other underlying issues, whether it was depression or some other condition, that caused him to be susceptible to this?I mean, how do you balance that thought out?","I agree with that 100 percent. He had ADD, and from my experience, since 2002, probably 99 percent of the gamers that we've talked to who have problems with gaming have ADD. It seems to make them more susceptible.","Attention deficit."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People with ADD are more susceptible to problems with gaming.","questions":"What condition makes individuals more susceptible to gaming problems?","answer":"ADD"}
{"text":["Hi - so glad to have you with us. And let me start here. Just to recap this war of words, Iran says the U. S.  is lying about where the drone was shot down. The U. S.  says Iran is lying. How are we likely to know?How will this be resolved beyond a take one person's word over the other situation?How do they figure that out?","Well, first, there is, obviously, the release of the actual location data for where the BAMS or Broad Area Maritime Surveillance aircraft was flying. That - hopefully, it will be released shortly by Central Command. But part of it, too, Mary Louise, is the fact that there's absolutely no reason for this aircraft to have to fly over Iran to gather the data that the U. S.  military was interested in gathering.","You're saying there's circumstantial evidence that just - why would it have been there?- which tends to support the U. S.  position.","Well, right. And no U. S.  commander - speaking from experience - would put the aircraft in that kind of a situation. And for your audience, that reason is that, unlike aircraft - surveillance aircraft in the past, the kind of sensor systems that are onboard this drone are such that they can see dozens and dozens and dozens of miles away from the aircraft. So, you know, it's flying up above 50,000 feet over the Strait of Hormuz. It can monitor the entire strait plus see inside Iran without having to fly over it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The BAMS drone was not in Iranian airspace.","questions":"Which country did the BAMS drone not fly over?","answer":"Iran"}
{"text":["Do we know what was in these emails?What were they about?","It was basically a whole range of emails - the fast-moving events of the Arab Spring, Afghanistan, the war in Syria. One person told me that emails in question were summaries of cell phone conversations with foreign ministers that wanted to get urgent messages passed along to Hillary Clinton. So, you know, remember, it's cell phone conversations, so not on a very secure line.","One key point to tease out here is that the material here was not classified at the time the emails were sent, right?They were - it was retroactively classified.","That's right, and that's the big question that a lot of these diplomats have. You know, they were a dinner conversation with a bunch of foreign officials or with a bunch of foreigners, and they were writing back to this. Why would that be classified now?And that's a question that a lot of these people are having - why they were retroactively classified. And by the way, I should mention that some were told that they were retroactively classified in 2015, 2016, before the Trump administration came to office. Others didn't know when theirs were retroactively classified."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The key point is made to make people want to learn more about what happened.","questions":"How was the material classified at the time the emails were sent?","answer":"Not-classified"}
{"text":["So how did you get on to this story?I mean, were you just curious about vanity plates?Like, what was your thinking about how it happens?","Well, I think vanity plates are kind of everyone's hobby in Los Angeles. It's a very car-centric culture. People regularly talk about the most out-there plates that they see. I was curious about the ones that didn't make it.","Now, is there an official database of dirty words and euphemisms?Or like. . .","What's the yardstick that the DMV uses to say whether something's inappropriate or not?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is asking about the process of obtaining a vanity plate and the motivations behind it.","questions":"Which topic does PersonB ask about that relates to the appropriateness of a vanity plate?","answer":"Which"}
{"text":["As a Bears fan, I would also immediately pick on the Green Bay Packers fan.","Right, exactly (laughter) - and, you know, I might finger someone who was wearing a Raiders jersey. But, you know, that's just my unconscious bias, right?And so I leaned on my training, and I just looked for those signs of a potential threat. I engaged him in a conversation. He was able to respond to my questions completely normally. And then once he took his seat, I walked by and I carefully observed him again. He was completely casual. He was not sitting stiffly in any way. He had his headphones on, and he was watching the game. Someone who believes that they are about to die generally doesn't turn on football.","And to recap, using football terms, this was very rare in your flights.","Absolutely - absolutely. More often you'll get biases against people who are larger or mothers with crying children. There's all kinds of cultural issues that you come into contact with. And part of being a flight attendant is understanding what is and is not your job to judge."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The actual meanings of (1) and (3) are different from their literal meanings. In (1), the speaker is implying that he would be prejudiced against a Green Bay Packers fan, rather than simply picking on them","questions":"Which statement had an implied meaning about the PersonA's potential bias towards a particular football team?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["I want to talk about government response, first from President Nicolas Maduro, but also from Venezuela's opposition leader, Juan Guaido.","Well, Maduro's representative in Geneva has called it biased and incomprehensible, this report. But at the same time, the U. N. 's saying the Maduro government yesterday agreed to release 22 prisoners, including two pretty high-profile detainees at the request of Michelle Bachelet, the U. N.  high commissioner for human rights, who's the author of this report. Bachelet does seem to hold out hope of working with the Maduro government because it's allowed her organization for the first time in years to open an office in Venezuela, though we really don't know whether that will lead to anything.","As for the opposition, there've been demonstrations today in Venezuela which were originally about the death in custody of a naval captain. But the U. N.  report is very much also a theme. And Juan Guaido, leader of the opposition, has been talking to a crowd in Caracas, saying that the U. N.  has laid out what he's been saying for a long time now, which is that the Maduro government is a dictatorship.","That's NPR's Philip Reeves speaking from his base in Rio de Janeiro. Philip, thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Guaido sees the U.N. report as supporting his claim of dictatorship","questions":"How does Guaido view the U.N. report?","answer":"supporting"}
{"text":["Abortion. Abortion.","Really?","Because it's such a driving issue, a lot of one-issue abortion voters. The courts are determining what's legal in abortion. We see now that the court has got these new two conservative members to the Supreme Court and the lower courts. That's why you see states now pushing ahead with their tough abortion restrictions because they think that they can get these upheld. So I do think abortion - school prayer. Ronald Reagan played on school prayer when he was running. And these were the kind of things that conservatives vote on. These are important to them.","These are these sort of moral and cultural issues that they are interested in, consumed by to some regard. And so the courts have just been more important to them. You do see Democrats reacting now. There's new groups springing up. Demand Justice is a new group that was started to kind of make Democrats more aware of the potency of the court and the importance and why Democrats should be more interested in voting on it. I do think, in this election, Democrats are going to talk a lot more about the Supreme Court than they have in the past."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 2. Conservatives prioritize issues such as school prayer and abortion.","questions":"Which issues do conservatives prioritize?","answer":"School,Prayer,Abortion"}
{"text":["And I finished my first really substantial version of \"Copperhead\" the same weekend as the Charlottesville protests almost two years ago, the same weekend that Heather Heyer was murdered. And my wife was reading this draft of \"Copperhead\" at the same time that all this was on the news, so it was very much on my mind.","I mean, my family history - you know, I look back, and I think, OK, this has always been coming. But right now, it feels louder. It feels scarier. But I struggle with the idea that if we somehow hate more, hate louder, hate harder - that's how we're going to win this fight. I think the only thing that can beat away darkness is light. But at the same time, one of the reasons I think this book is important is that we have to have honest conversations about race and class - all of us.","Did you have teenagers in mind as a potential audience for this novel?Would you, for instance, want a high school English class to study \"Copperhead?\"","When I was writing it, I didn't think of it that way. But I think it's an excellent book for teenagers and college students because there are things to talk about. The point of the book isn't to deliver a moral. It's not out there sort of signaling that, yes, we're all good people. It's saying to teens, hey - your actions have consequences, and you have to think about who you want to be."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : .I think the only thing that can overcome negative is positive","questions":"How does the author believe the darkness can be defeated in the fight against hate?","answer":"Light"}
{"text":["UNIDENTIFIED SPORTSCASTER #4: And you can just tell the way the big fellow was laughing, he thinks that's it.",". . . But his new book is a tribute to another legend, his coach at UCLA, John Wooden. Their 50-year-long friendship started on the court at Pauley Pavilion and grew over lunch at VIP's Cafe in Tarzana and long afternoons of easy conversation in coach Wooden's den. This week on Out of Bounds, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, author of \"Coach Wooden And Me. \"He joins me now from NPR West. Welcome so much to the program.","Thank you very much, nice to talk to you.","At the beginning of the book, you write about how you and coach Wooden when you first met were an odd couple sitcom waiting to happen. Tell us about who you were then."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"an odd couple sitcom waiting to happen\" - This turn is figurative language used to describe how Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Coach Wooden seemed like an unlikely pair who would make a good subject for a television show. It is not meant to be taken literally, but as a way of expressing how different the two men were.","questions":"Which phrase in the dialogue suggests that Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Coach Wooden had a unique friendship?","answer":"their"}
{"text":["Colin Powell - not one black candidate on the ticket, but two. That would be remarkable.","Well, let's also remember Colin Powell is a Republican. He would establish a kind of bipartisan bridge. And if you want to say, yes, it's a ticket of two African-Americans, which it would be, it is already a ticket of one African-American. So people who have perhaps a problem with that might not necessarily have that much more of a problem with two.","And I think that the advantage that it would have would be to say, we're kind of, in a sense, taking race off the table here. We're not talking about electing the first black president. We're asking you to vote for Barack Obama and Colin Powell and look at those two individuals.","It's a really interesting suggestion, I would imagine that a number of Democrats would say, wait a minute, he was on the wrong side on Iraq. Plus, we've got our own guys. We want a Democrat, a real Democrat. Who's out there?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : taking race off the table implies that people would not consider race in the election","questions":"Which aspect of the election would be eliminated by taking race off the table?","answer":"Race"}
{"text":["How do you perceive yourself at this point as a business woman, not just a comedienne?Because you used to be an Algebra teacher, you were also a small business owner. I'm sure that there is a whole industry behind what you do, having to deal with your bookings, et cetera. How do you deal with that part of it?","Well, knowledge is the key. I have a degree in Business Administration's, minor in Mathematics. And, unlike most comediennes, I was a business person before I got into this field. I am very aware of my bookings, I'm very aware of my accounting. I'm very aware of how to write jokes. So, it doesn't make it easier but knowledge helps it - helps me understand a lot of different things. So even like times now when we're in a recession, when the country is in a recession, and people aren't coming out to the shows as often the way they used to come - the audiences aren't packed - I, because I understand business, know that, OK, I'll move to smaller venues, I'll come in with a cheaper ticket. But I will still work as an artist. And as an artist, overall, you really want to work.","What makes you laugh?","What makes me laugh - kids make me laugh, and old people make me laugh."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B implies that being a comedienne is not the same as being a businesswoman, and she wants to know how A manages the business side of her career.","questions":"What degree did PersonA earn in college?","answer":"Business"}
{"text":["Yeah. But you keep going and you keep going with the help of your friends and your family and something like songwriting, your art. It gives you purpose and meaning in life.","There must be moments there you say, well, let's hang it up?","You know, as we talked - as you mentioned grief as a companion, without putting it in a tidy box, grief also is a guide. And I think it helps you relearn how you are in the world. And, you know, that's just how you use the things that you have, at least that's how I have.","An organizing principle, in a way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B has found purpose and meaning in life despite grief.","questions":"What has helped PersonB find purpose and meaning despite grief?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Well, that's the thing. Three areas we've looked at - covering about 55 square miles of the jungle - target one, target two and target three. And the first one was target one, and we found these all these archeological features. They covered hundreds of acres, maybe even thousands of acres, and this is gigantic. And then they moved on to target two, and they marked that, and then they moved on to target three. And target three showed even more striking features.","And we've - an archaeologist has been looking at them and a guy named Chris Fisher, who is an archaeologist at the Colorado State University, who's an expert on LIDAR, and he tells us that there is a city in T3 that is comparable in area to the city of Copan. It's absolutely enormous. The track is two square - five square kilometers.","And if these valleys are so remote, how did these civilizations develop in this unforgiving area?","Well, that's the thing. We're only now starting to realize that this so-called virgin or impenetrable jungle in prehistoric times was anything but. It was very heavily settled. There were many thousands of people living in these areas, and it wasn't virgin jungle. It was more like a tended garden. They cleared huge areas for farming. They terraced. They built irrigation canals. They built roads. They built enormous pyramids and structures."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The jungle was transformed by early civilizations through farming, terracing, irrigation, and building.","questions":"What activities were carried out by early civilizations in the jungle?","answer":"Farming"}
{"text":["Look, I think the president's actually been very clear about the things that he wants. He wants to address border security, he wants to deal with chain migration, and he wants to deal with the lottery. And he's certainly willing to provide legal status for DREAMers. So if those are your four principle points and they've been known for months, there ought to be a way to reach an agreement.","Border security means a wall?","It means border security. The president's acknowledged he's not talking about a wall from sea to shining sea. But it does require physical structures in a lot of places. Back in 2006, Congress actually voted for about twice the amount of physical barriers that we have today - so finishing that off, rebuilding parts of it. But again, as both General Kelly and the president acknowledged, we're not talking about a wall across the entire length of the border. But we are calling for much more intense border security.","Representative Tom Cole of Oklahoma, thanks for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It means border security... But we are calling for much more intense border security.  Implication: A is clarifying that \"border security\" does not only mean building a wall, but also includes other measures, such as physical barriers in certain areas and intensified security measures overall.","questions":"How does PersonA differentiate between \"border security\" and \"a wall\"?","answer":"physical"}
{"text":["I think we overstate this, right?I really do. I think we overstate the threat that primaries pose, No. 1, to members. No. 2, what I would suggest is, OK, so what?That's your job. It's comes with the territory, right?And last time I checked, the Constitution wasn't written so that members could win re-election without threat, right?That's not the point.","The whole point - the whole basis of our regime of democratic accountability is so that members are held accountable for the decisions they make in office, not to push those decisions off elsewhere so that they can just keep winning. The only place where our views and our concerns are adjudicated in this wonderful nation of ours is in Congress. It's the only place. And if Congress isn't doing that, then Congress isn't doing its job.","So you seem less concerned that the president is overreaching than that the Congress is sitting on its hands.","I think that is the much bigger concern. The president most certainly it appears to be overreaching, right?I mean, this law has been passed presumably not to do end runs around Congress when the president can't get what he or she wants. So if you want funding, it seems to me, the best way to get it is to actually bargain and haggle and try to - and refuse to sign bills that don't give you that funding."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Members should be held accountable for the decisions they make in office","questions":"How should members be held accountable?","answer":"decisions"}
{"text":["Well, this case is about responsibility. And one of the examples that's been seen a lot lately was one of the ones that shook me to the core when I first saw it. It was an advertisement. And the tagline on the advertisement was, consider your man card reissued. What kind of society allows manhood to be defined in this way?","I'm struck by something that the family's lawyer told the court. He said Remington may never have known the shooter. But they had been courting him for years.","I think that's accurate. If you are selling a product and promising dominance, masculine success and a sense of outmatching your opponents in a very physical and, in fact, lethal way - I mean, who do you think that kind of advertising is going to connect with the most?","As you know, gun-makers do have broad immunity - broad protection under federal law that was passed in 2005. It's protected them from lawsuits before. Are you worried that this decision in Connecticut could be overturned by the U. S.  Supreme Court?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Advertising that promises dominance and masculinity appeals to certain people","questions":"Which kind of advertising connects with certain people?","answer":"Advertising"}
{"text":["The former late head of Fox News.","That's right. And so he was pretty enamored of Herman Cain's life story - that he was this, you know, pizza magnate and that he had this 9-9-9 plan. And he was very kind of compelling character.","So not necessarily the current president?","Well, no. But, I mean, I can't say that, you know, Donald Trump doesn't invade the psyche a little bit. I was around Donald Trump quite a bit during those years. And I did interview him quite a bit. So he also permeated some of my thought process. But that wasn't who I was channeling."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Pizza magnate\" in (2) is a metaphorical phrase. While Herman Cain did own a pizza chain, the use of \"magnate\" elevates his status to that of a successful and influential businessperson. The literal meaning of the turn is that he was the owner of a pizza chain, but the actual meaning is that he was a successful and influential businessperson in the pizza industry.","questions":"What was the metaphorical phrase used to describe Herman Cain in the dialogue?","answer":"Pizzamagnate"}
{"text":["We noted that you're a writing fellow at the Beckley Federal Correctional Institution. Is there a great story in every prisoner?","I think there's a great story in every human being. And that - so that - the same is true. There's a great story in every prisoner.","But the thing that I love about teaching there is just how - obviously, how much it means. The guys who are in my class - being able to sit down once a week for two hours and focus on their writing. And they've told me just to be in a quiet room, too, where, you know, I'll give them a writing assignment, and then we're quiet - they've told me that that, in many ways, is one of the things that is most valuable to them.","Without giving away the end of the novel, does Jodi go on with you in your life now?","She does to less of a degree. I mean, I think when I found the end of the book, I was able to let her go in some ways. I definitely still think about her."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : give away in this context means to tell someone something without much warning, usually a secret ","questions":"Which word describes what \"give away\" means in this context?","answer":"Tell"}
{"text":["Well, prior to me going to medical school, I was actually a vegetarian. I was a martial artist. And I got exposed to concepts of diet and nutrition as it impacted health, and I got exposed to concepts of energy with respect to martial arts practice. And I really didn't see any of that in my medical school experience. Along with that, I had a just really open-ended approach to looking at medicine.","Being an African-American, I was not one of the good old boys in medical school. So you can either try hard to be a part of that club, or you can say to yourself, well, gosh, maybe there's some other things that can actually be explored. So Chinese medicine - I've explored that. I explored classical homeopathy. I explored nutrition. I explored other, particularly African cultural arts. And out of that, it just opened a whole worldview to me.","Give us some specifics on what African traditional medicine might incorporate into your practice.","At the heart of traditional African medicine is God and the ancestors, OK?So now, you have many Africans that want to take advantage of traditional medicine, but they don't want to acknowledge the roots. So the roots, as I'm saying, is understand your relationship with ancestors in terms of ancestors being a part of the community. The use of divination - on the surface, I mean, we've seen different things, maybe on TV or someone is throwing bones or caraway shells and then makes a pronouncement."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Prior to medical school, I gained knowledge of diet and nutrition through martial arts and vegetarianism, which was lacking in my medical education.","questions":"Which specific concept did the speaker get exposed to through their martial arts practice?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["The Endangered Species Act has saved animals and plants, including the bald eagle, the grizzly bear and the black-footed ferret, since Congress passed that legislation in 1973. But some of those conservation efforts have come at a cost to ranchers and farmers. Senator John Barrasso of Wyoming has introduced a bill to include state involvement in the process, which some ranchers say has made it difficult for them to protect their herds of sheep and cattle. Bill Kluck joins us now. He's the sheep committee chairman of R-CALF USA. And he's been ranching for 35 years in South Dakota. Mr.  Kluck, thanks for being with us.","Thank you for having me.","How in your judgment has this act infringed on your ranching?","One of the main things that the sheep people face is the predators. And coyotes, wolves will impact your herd and kill lambs and so forth. It's kind of hard to imagine. But, at one point, I was trapping as many coyotes in a year as when I had sheep running on the land. And this is one of the things that this Barrasso bill seemed to address is the threshold level and not letting that level be like a mirage that you never really get there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : having me implies hosting someone or a guest, not owning the person ","questions":"What does \"having\" imply in turn 1?","answer":"Hosting"}
{"text":["I don't know what you make of a recent letter some ICE special agents sent to Homeland Security Secretary Nielsen asking that the branch of ICE that deals with counterterrorism and drug trafficking, not deportations, be split off from the agency because of all the ill will.","Yeah. I have seen that. That was - that's an interesting consequence of another change that was made at the time that DHS was formed. In addition to splitting up the immigration entities, they also blended in the customs function. And so ICE is Immigration and Customs Enforcement. The same is true at the border. And that was a little bit of a shotgun marriage between the customs folks and the immigration folks that has not fully worked itself out. The customs people think that they have these - you know, they've got a separate set of responsibilities that are impeded by the immigration function.","Former INS general counsel Bo Cooper, thanks so much for coming in and joining us, sir.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"... because of all the ill will.\" This turn is an example of a figurative expression. \"Ill will\" is not a physical or tangible thing that can cause harm or injury; instead, it refers to negative feelings or intentions towards someone.","questions":"Which term is used figuratively in turn 0?","answer":"Ill-will"}
{"text":["I, Karen Bass. . .","In May, Bass was sworn in as the first black female speaker of California's Assembly. That post has been called the second most powerful in the state behind the governor.","I recently asked Speaker Bass how she's dealing with her rise in profile and her new level of responsibility.","I felt definitely overwhelmed. But, you know, since May, or really since the election in February, I've just had a tremendous amount of support and welcome and good will. So I'm very excited about serving in the role.","You are someone who has certain interests that particularly are important to you. Foster care is one of them. Tell me about foster care."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Speaker Bass has experienced a rise in her profile and level of responsibility.","questions":"How has Bass's profile changed?","answer":"Rise"}
{"text":["Absolutely. They may, you know, be with someone, or as they play cards with other decks of playing cards, people talk, you know?We all - we all kind of fill that space. And so hopefully maybe some information that they've heard could prove valuable in cases as we work towards resolution.","How many cold cases do you have there on the books in Colorado?",">>SIMKINS Here in Colorado we have nearly 1,600 cases total. And when we identify a cold case, we are calling any unresolved homicide that is more than three years from the commission of crime a cold case. We're also including any long-term missing person cases and any unidentified remains.","There are only 52 cards in a deck of cards. So how do you decide which case makes the deck?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is (4): \"There are only 52 cards in a deck of cards. So how do you decide which case makes the deck?\"  The speaker is using a metaphor to compare the limited number of cards in a deck to the limited number of cases that can be included in the deck of playing cards used by law enforcement to raise awareness about cold cases. The implied meaning is that there are many cold cases to choose from, but only a limited number can be featured in the deck","questions":"How does the speaker use a metaphor in turn 3?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":["Well, let's talk about the walk back because we had seen vague reports that China was reneging on something it had agreed to but not a ton of detail. What exactly did China say, ah, we don't want to do?","Well, there's a tactical side to this, and there's something of a cultural side. The tactical side is that China, not unlike the Trump administration, is trying to get the best possible deal that it can to do as little as possible to please Trump. So it's not unusual that they would try to walk back some of their agreements at the last minute.","But the real issue is that they had agreed to make some structural changes - difficult structural changes to the Chinese economy. And this involves things like decreasing subsidies to state-owned enterprises, more guarantees of openness to American companies, protections for intellectual property. They did not like having those promises committed to paper in this 150-page agreement. Those had to be made public. And it looks like a concession to the Chinese people.","OK. So they didn't want to go as far as the Trump administration wanted them to go - at least not in writing."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : China is trying to negotiate the best possible deal while doing as little as possible to please Trump.","questions":"How is China negotiating with the Trump administration?","answer":"Negotiating"}
{"text":["Yes. And Stephanie says attendance more than doubled. She thinks lowering prices was a great business strategy for her. It might be good for others as well.","And Marilyn McFee(ph) is doing well in the downturn. She's a professional storyteller.","Maybe it's like mashed potatoes and apple cobbler, she writes. Storytelling is comfort entertainment.","She's been busy telling her stories at schools, libraries, even fundraisers."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : What she writes makes people feel comfortable in a way that reminds them of the past.","questions":"What is the genre of Marilyn McFee's profession?","answer":"Entertainment"}
{"text":["There's been considerable criticism of even this temporary deal in advance - in the U. S.  Congress, as you note; in Israel, in Saudi Arabia. How do we understand the ground of those disagreements?","Well, on paper a lot of the criticism seems overblown. I mean, it's more an argument about unintended consequences. As the Obama administration describes this package, the relief is just a fraction of what Iran is going to continue to lose over the next six months, if there is a deal. In the oil sector alone, Iran's losing an estimated $5 billion a month. And officials say there's no way they're going to get $25 billion out of what's on the table here. But the latest argument from the opponents is more psychological. If the international business community senses that there is a trend towards lifting sanctions altogether, there could be some kind of a rush to get in early, start doing business again, beat out the competition. So, if you don't trust Iran, and apparently don't trust the business community either, there is an argument to be made that the value of this sanctions relief could turn out to be higher.","NPR's Peter Kenyon in Geneva. Thank you so much.","You're welcome, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of this turn is to express gratitude for Peter Kenyon's contribution.","questions":"What is the purpose of turn 2 in the dialogue?","answer":"Gratitude"}
{"text":["The doctor who looked at the girl apparently waged a very diligent effort to stop the family separation. He tried to persuade the agent for the next several hours on Thursday not to separate the family. It was left unresolved Thursday night. The doctor even stayed an hour beyond his shift trying to protect the family. The next morning, he came back to work. There was another agent on duty. He convinced that agent not to separate the family, and the family was allowed to stay together in the United States.","You are very plugged in down there in this region, been working there for years. Did Border Patrol have anything to say to you about what happened?","I asked the Department of Homeland Security for comment yesterday. The local Customs and Border Protection officials referred me to them. They had no response at all.","OK. So Tania, Joseph and the kids now allowed to stay in the United States. What happens next for them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Plugged in\" isn't literal. It implies that 'A' knows what is going on in the region, perhaps because they have journalistic sources there.","questions":"What does \"plugged in\" imply?","answer":"Awareness"}
{"text":["I remember one moment where you're asking, when do you think about race?And someone said, right now.","Like, you know, this is a hey, we're on the spot. At certain points, people are accused, people in the media, of overemphasizing our differences. Were they afraid of being misrepresented?","Some were and some weren't. There was a lawyer who participated in some of the discussions. He is a registered Republican. And when the local paper did a story about our series of conversations, they identified him as a white Republican, and he said when he saw that in the paper, it was jarring for him, because he never thought of himself being described in that way. He said, I've never thought of myself having a label affixed to my name, and it was really uncomfortable for me. And when he was saying this, there were several people in the coloring room who were nodding their heads saying, well, welcome to our world.","Speaking of welcome to our world, one thing I've noticed is that, you know, we talk about black folks, we talk about white folks. There's no question that you have to talk about blackness. But you've also included people who were not black and not white. So how do you think Latinos and Asians in particular are faring in this election in terms of feeling represented or sought out or given their say?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : at certain points refers to periods in time","questions":"What is being accused in the media of overemphasizing our differences?","answer":"differences"}
{"text":["Ground-based solar is only good when the sun is shining. And this applies to wind energy, too. It's only good when the wind is blowing. You have to have fossil fuel generators, standing by to pick up the load when the wind stops blowing, or the sun stops shining. So that has to be figured into the economics of wind- and ground-based solar. And, of course, you don't have either of those problems with a solar power satellite.","What would my electricity bill look like if I were getting solar power beamed down from satellites?What would it cost me?","That is hard to come by, but the best estimates we have, it's somewhere between eight to 20 cents a kilowatt hour.","Well 20 cents a kilowatt hour would be very expensive electricity."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Ground-based solar and wind energy are not reliable sources of power.","questions":"How would you describe the reliability of ground-based solar and wind energy?","answer":"Unreliable"}
{"text":["Thank you.","What did you see when you drove through that deep water?What did you do?","It was just devastation everywhere. I mean, it looked like a lake. It looks like a lake in the middle of the neighborhood. You can't even fathom it.","Do you remember some of the people you were able to help?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - The actual meaning is to ask what the impact of the deep water was on the neighborhood and people, rather than asking what the individual saw and did.","questions":"What was the neighborhood's appearance after driving through the deep water?","answer":"Appearance"}
{"text":["So before - so just in case that happens, you were there for the eclipse. How was it?","The eclipse - you know, people say, how was the eclipse?It was fantastic. How did it compare to others?I have no idea. It was the first one I ever saw. But the scientists seemed pleased that were watching it with me both as a scientific event and as a spiritual event. So it was a really good example of a total solar eclipse.","That is NPR's science correspondent Joe Palca reporting from Chile.","Joe, come back."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : case implies a situation and not a pack or suitcase ","questions":"Which word in the dialogue implies that the eclipse was a good example of a scientific and spiritual event?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["A busy week at the U. S.  Federal Reserve. The central bank announced it would end its stimulus program after six years. And later in the week, the Fed's chair, Janet Yellen, gave a speech about diversity in the field of economics. She said the profession, which seems to be dominated by white men, would benefit from a wider variety of viewpoints and pointed to what she called a leaky pipeline that's prevented women and minorities from making it into the top ranks of academia. We're joined now in our studios by labor economist Julianne Malveaux. Dr.  Malveaux, thanks very much for being with us.","DR.  JULIANNE MALVEAUX: It's absolutely a pleasure. Thank you, Scott.","What do you make of that leaky pipeline analogy?","It's absolutely the case. When you look at the research from the past, white males were the norm. It was not until the '70s that folks like Janet Yellen and others introduced women into, essentially, the research - just the research. I think that some of my work and others began to introduce black women, but by and large you're talking a white male space."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) -- It is true that the field of economics has been dominated by white men for a long time, and that it was only in the 1970s that people like Janet Yellen began to introduce women into research.","questions":"How was the field of economics dominated for a long time?","answer":"White-men"}
{"text":["So tell us why. Why is it that some parts of the country are so twister prone?","Yeah. Well, the United States itself, we have this dubious honor of sitting right in the collision zone between really cold air masses coming down from Canada and moist, warm air that comes up from the Gulf of Mexico. And so the well-known Tornado Alley is a convergence zone, couple that with the position of jet stream and other factors that we as meteorologists look for, a dry, mid-layer or wind sheer, and you have the perfect ingredients for tornadoes.","Most tornadoes affect the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. And in fact, there is another alley we call Dixie Alley because if you look at a map of climatological occurrence of tornadoes, there are areas in the South as well that seemed to get quite a few tornadoes. But certainly this region, as you were leading into the story, was an area that we would've expected tornadoes for May 20th based on climatology.","Well, let's talk about the forecasting because one of the amazing parts of sort of science of this story was that hours before, the National Weather Service locally issued a warning that there might be a tornado. And it was pretty spot-on, it sounded like."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Tornado Alley is the area of the country that has the most tornadoes.","questions":"What is the convergence zone called?","answer":"Alley"}
{"text":["This is News and Notes. I'm Farai Chideya.","For decades, the Big Three auto companies have been an integral part of the U. S.  economy. Now those companies are struggling to survive and pleading for a federal bailout. General Motors, Ford and Chrysler have until Tuesday to submit a restructuring plan to Congress. For more, we've got Jerome Vaughn. He's the news program director for WDET in Detroit, Michigan. Jerome, great to have you back on the show.","Thanks. Glad to be with you.","So what we've been hearing a lot about is basically just a failure of these negotiations to move forward. Before we get to the nuts and bolts of it, from an economic level, how are people in Detroit dealing with what appears to be a reluctance on the part of the federal government to really enter into a bailout?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Big Three auto companies are facing financial difficulties.","questions":"What are the struggling companies in the U.S. economy known as?","answer":"Auto"}
{"text":["So what about this contest?","What the CDC is trying to do is not just figure out what's going on right now with the flu, but what's going to happen in a week or two weeks out. Traditionally, we do what's called surveillance, which is what's going on right now in the United States. And that's a really hard problem because if you think about it, without using something like Twitter, you have to ask people what's going on. And the CDC does this; they do a very good job. But it takes them about two weeks to get those responses collected. What we're trying to do is predict things like what week is going to be the worst for the flu season; when is it going to end?","Do you run the risk of putting through the algorithms a lot of tweets from people who don't use, let's say, a word like fever in the same way people with flu would use it?","It's actually very tricky to use Twitter in order to get a flu rate. So, for example, someone might say, I have Bieber fever, which is not actually a disease that we care about tracking."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The literal meaning is that the CDC is trying to predict the severity and duration of the flu season by analyzing current data and using traditional surveillance methods. The actual meaning is that the CDC is exploring new methods of surveillance, such as using social media data to predict flu trends in real-time.","questions":"What is the CDC trying to predict by analyzing current data and using traditional surveillance methods, while also exploring new methods of surveillance such as using social media data?","answer":"Flutrends"}
{"text":["And its search-advertising technology is probably the best on the web, so that made Yahoo feel like, hey, we actually have another option. Maybe we don't have to sell out. Maybe we can just utilize some licensing from our partner-slash-competitor and still be able to keep our brand intact. So, it all remains to be seen, but I think it may have worked out that they didn't do it.","Let me throw another company into the mix. What about AOL?After the big AOL-Time Warner merger in 2000, the combined company lost billions of dollars. Now, Time Warner dropped AOL from its name, fired the AOL CEO. Now wants to offload the company. Are any of these three companies we're talking about, Yahoo!, Google and Microsoft, going to go belly up and buy AOL, you think?","You know, that's something that is highly discussed. AOL is going through some serious challenges. We've met with some of their executives over other projects that had to be put off, be delayed, in fact, because of some of these issues. Their headquarters in Dulles, Virginia, has now changed.","They've moved a lot of people out to New York City to try to play up a more of an advertising role and an advertising partner. So, I still think AOL has a strong brand, although I think that brand is with an older audience. I think they've been trying to reinvent themselves. Some of the acquisitions, though, in video has been really smart on their part, like Truveo."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Yahoo was considering selling out but decided to keep their brand intact.","questions":"How did Yahoo feel about their search-advertising technology?","answer":"Best."}
{"text":["And she - my wife went and found the chaplain at Northwestern - a Lutheran chaplain who'd never performed a wedding before. She came to our room and performed the ceremony, just the three of us. It was a lovely, personal, intimate ceremony. And immediately after the ceremony, I took some pain medication and peed in a cup.","Well, that's one way to say l'chaim, isn't it?I made a short list: addiction abuse, adultery, abandonment, imminent incest and just plain old hatred. So is every family is a little bit like the Westons of Osage County?","What we have seen by doing this play is that the story of this family is pretty universal. And the dinner scene alone, in the theater - I can tell you that some people are howling with laughter, and other people are in tears and crawling under their seats. They find it very upsetting to watch because it hits pretty close to home.","\"Fiddler on the Roof\" with the F word?","That's one way to look at it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) B: \"Well, that's one way to say l'chaim, isn't it? I made a short list: addiction abuse, adultery, abandonment, imminent incest and just plain old hatred. So is every family is a little bit like the Westons of Osage County?\"","questions":"What is the name of the play mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"August:Osage-County"}
{"text":["And a couple of weeks after that, I got a phone call from a Vietnam vet who wanted me to write an obit about a World War II vet who served on a submarine and is basically a hero. And I was so moved by his story. And I realized that this is where I connect. This is where all African-Americans connect to America. I mean, our people have served and have done so much so that people like me can have the opportunities that I have.","So I guess it's a story of - in a way, of me searching for who I am. Searching for my history, searching for my people's history.","Give me an example of one of the stories that you found about a World War II veteran.","Well, one of the veterans I interviewed was a man named Waverly Woodson (ph). And I saw the movie \"Saving Private Ryan,\" and I mean, I thought it was a great movie. But I was really struck by the fact that there were like no black people in it. And I assumed that no African-Americans served on D-Day. But when I started writing the book, I really wanted to find an African-American who served on D-Day, because I soon found that that was not the case."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : black people  implies African American people and not black color humans beings","questions":"How does the author differentiate between \"black people\" and other black beings?","answer":"are"}
{"text":["My pleasure.","Your Honor, take us back to your courtroom in 1999, when you convicted Mr.  Kagan of murder. You're not saying that he didn't shoot Wavell Wint, are you?","No. I'm saying he shot him, I believe, in self-defense.","Well, a lot of eyewitnesses say that, of course, the gun belonged to Donald Kagan and they saw him brandishing that gun."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implies that the judge believes that the shooting was done out of self-defense, even though others may say differently.","questions":"Which eyewitnesses?","answer":"Donald-Kagan"}
{"text":["So you just said that hitting hospitals would be the primary target of any military operation. Did I understand you correctly?","That's perfectly correct. When there is an intent to displace people, then hospitals start to get targeted and in a pattern that's very predictable. We've seen it before in Aleppo. In addition to putting those hospitals in underground structures or in caves hospital (ph), we share the location, the coordinates of these hospitals with the U. N.  agencies, with Russia, with the United States, as they both are leading the humanitarian task force in Syria.","So everybody is aware of the locations of those hospitals. And last week for example, going back to what's going on in Idlib, when you have 12 hospitals hit in a small area, when they're struck and they're damaged directly, you realize that this is beyond just collateral damage and beyond just a limited-scale operation.","Are these bombings of medical facilities that you describe causing the health care system, what's left of it, to collapse?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Military operations intentionally target hospitals during displacement of people.","questions":"Which structure are hospitals advised to be placed in to prevent targeting during military operations?","answer":"Underground"}
{"text":["Joined by David Albright, he's president of the Institute for Science and International Security, speaking with us from Germany. Mr.  Albright, thanks so much for being with us.","Glad to be here.","We're a weekly show, so let let's go back a few days. Before North Korea said it would fire test missiles near Guam, before President Trump said the U. S.  is locked and loaded or vowed fire and fury, there was the news that North Korean had figured out how to put a nuclear bomb on a missile. Now, that's despite talks under the Bush administration or the 1994 deal with the Clinton administration. What's to be done?","Well, I think one is that I think there's time. I mean, the goal, I think, of everybody is to get negotiations going that can lead to denuclearization. People don't want North Korea to have nuclear weapons. It's just too dangerous, and it could cause further proliferation in the region and just constantly create instability that could lead to the use of nuclear weapons. So I think the goal is clear. How to get there is very difficult. And the Washington Post story kind of created a shock that somehow we don't have the time, that we're already in the bull's-eye of North Korea's nuclear weapons. As we sit in Seattle or. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Before North Korea said it would fire test missiles near Guam, before President Trump said the U.S. is locked and loaded or vowed fire and fury, there was the news that North Korean had figured out how to put a nuclear bomb on a missile.\"  In this turn, the literal meaning is that North Korea made an announcement about firing test missiles near Guam and President Trump made statements about being prepared for conflict. However, the implicated meaning is that there were significant events and developments regarding North Korea's nuclear capabilities that preceded these recent announcements.","questions":"Which country's nuclear capabilities were being discussed in turn 2?","answer":"North-Korean"}
{"text":["No, but then - you know, and then somebody would come up - I think it was Carlene, who was our nurse, came up with the idea. Well, cut it into slices. And then you can lay out the slices - like, all this so that we can keep from doing the - like, that's why they give you a rectory - so that you could serve the church. Like, give it up.","(Laughter) That's hilarious. What do you think you got out of writing this book?And what do you hope other people get out of reading your book?","I think I got back the experience. In \"Law And Order,\" you always see the crazy criminals take trophies, and they put them in a box and cement them down in the basement. I think I do that with grief. I think we - I put the fun things in there, and then I lock it up. I wanted all of this back. You know, I wanted the laughter. I wanted her. I wanted those years with my family. I wanted access to them again. And I wanted to do it while keeping company with all kinds of other people who are isolated by the very nature of caregiving. I wanted that back in my life, available to me.","We've been speaking with Lorene Cary. Her latest book is \"Ladysitting: My Year With Nana At The End Of Her Century. \"And Lorene was kind enough to join us from the University of Pennsylvania, where she teaches."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker keeps the happy memories of her past with her loved ones locked up inside her to deal with her grief.","questions":"How does the speaker cope with her grief?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["Yes, of course. Ja.","Does it work?Have you taken it for a spin?","We intentionally avoided to drive the car. But what is really interesting, after 162 years, we conducted this - we call it octagon engine because of the shape of the exterior of the engine. And we connected it to a battery supply and the engine is still working today.","So you've started it up."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The actual meaning of these turns is that A and B are inquiring whether the car has been used and tested, not just looked at.","questions":"How did PersonA and PersonB inquire about the car's usage and testing?","answer":"Inquiring"}
{"text":["This is rhetorical. Like what to the Negro is the Fourth of July?A flag should be stitched with a fuse. Jefferson said, for each generation, a flag. Maybe he said constitution. I once raised a high-top flag of my hair, a fist, a leather medallion of the motherland.","I studied heraldry and maniples, which are not what you might guess, little sails and banners down to the vein of a feather. Because his kids were rebel cities, my father loved like Sherman. Because I wanted history I could touch like the flank of a beast.","What's that phrase - each flag should come with a fuse?","(Laughter) The flag should be stitched with a fuse, yes."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The phrase \"stitched with a fuse\" is figurative, meaning that each generation of people should be prepared to fight for their rights and freedoms. The speaker is not literally suggesting that flags should be physically stitched with a fuse.","questions":"Which word is figurative in the statement?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me on.","You call this man's screed and his other provocative activity online - you call this booby traps. What do you mean by that?","I mean his goal is to provoke and sow division between the right and the left. A lot of the comments that he put in his manifesto are, essentially, things that he knew would be picked up by the world media and cause the right and left to get to each other's throats. Like, that was part of the goal - is to get people angry and fighting.","And can you give me an example?","Yeah. He brought up Candace Owens, who is a far-right YouTube personality and credited her for his radicalization, which is - cannot be true. He said that she was more extreme than him. This is a man who just shot dozens of people at a mosque. She's not more extreme than him.","He also mentions President Trump."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The goal of the provocative activity is to create division and unrest between opposing groups","questions":"Which word describes the goal of the provocative activity mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Division"}
{"text":["When you first started out, though, as - performing in those amateur clubs, what was that like?","It was great because it was new. You know, comedy in itself was illegal. We had a few satirists but no - first of all, there were no black comedians. I mean, as a black person you were lucky if you're allowed to speak, never mind tell jokes in public, you know?So we had a few white South Africans who challenged the status quo, guys like Pieter-Dirk Uys, who was a legend in the country, and he got arrested many times. You got arrested if you did that. So for us young-uns, we came up and it was just this free speech - we had verbal diarrhea, just run around and just, you know, I can say this now. I can say anything now and that's what we've been doing.","Where did you learn the technique though?","From my family. Storytelling is an African tradition. You know, you laugh. And if you look at it, the history of comedy has always been strongest amongst the nations who have been persecuted the most. In America, the stronghold of comedy was always amongst Jewish people. And that's what many Jewish families have said, is that without their food and their laughter, they wouldn't have gotten through what happened to them as a people, you know?And that's what happened to black people all over the world. As you learned to find joy in your pain, you know, that's where the music comes from. That's where the culture comes from. That's literally - with the oppression will come the laughter."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) A: \"You know, comedy in itself was illegal.\" - The actual meaning here is not that comedy was explicitly illegal, but rather that it was risky and subversive to use humor to challenge the oppressive status quo in a society where certain groups were not allowed to speak freely.","questions":"How was comedy viewed in the society mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"subversive"}
{"text":["Well, one of the big questions is going to be whether or not Donald Trump is able to turn out all of these new voters that he says he's going to be able to turn out. So if you look at the numbers on caucus night, if the numbers are about 150,000 or higher on the Republican side, people think that's a good day for Donald Trump. If there are 125,000 to 150,000, that's the number of people are saying could be good for Ted Cruz.","Democratic side, both Sen.  Sanders and Hillary Clinton seem to be getting good crowds.","For the Democrats, the thing to watch here is that Hillary Clinton has been in this state for two years organizing. They feel like they have their strong core base of support. They have Barack Obama's field operation there. Remember, he won this state in 2008. Bernie Sanders has a interesting complication because he's getting huge crowds. A lot of his supporters are young. They're college-age. The problem with them is that they're all concentrated in a few different places. He's winning more than a quarter of his vote right now in three counties. They're actually encouraging a lot of these kids to go back home so that they can filter out the vote in the rest of the state because the way delegates are picked, they need a little bit more of these kids to go back to other places. Otherwise, Hillary Clinton could wind up winning in rural counties and wind up beating Bernie Sanders, even though he might have a lot of vote concentrated in those cities.","All this concentration on Iowa - and I don't regret a moment on it. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They're actually encouraging a lot of these kids to go back home so that they can filter out the vote in the rest of the state because the way delegates are picked, they need a little bit more of these kids to go back to other places.\"  Implicated meaning: The campaign is strategically urging young supporters to return to their hometowns to vote, aiming to influence the outcome of delegate selection across the state.  Explanation: The literal meaning of the statement implies that the campaign is encouraging young supporters to leave the event and go back to their homes. However, the implicated meaning reveals a strategic motive behind this action, which is to distribute the youth vote across different areas to have a better chance at winning delegates.","questions":"Which campaign?","answer":"Campaign"}
{"text":["But more generally, Africa and Latin America are being hurt, but it doesn't seem quite as bad for example, as those in Eastern Europe, their debt levels are not as high. While they're hurting some because of the big fall in commodity prices - I mean, we've seen for example the first negative growth in South Africa since 1998. But I don't think these are as hard hit because the financial exposure in this part of the world is not as great as let's say it is in the U. S.  certainly, in Europe, and parts of emerging Europe.","Is that what is allowing some countries to be - I hesitate to use the word financially successful at the moment, but allowing them to compete in a way that they had not been able to before?","Well, it's possible, I think. I - you know, I think everybody is getting hurt. The only question is how much. And as we were saying earlier, the - many of the countries in Africa and Latin America seem to be, for the moment at least, being hurt less than countries in other regions like, say, Russia or Ukraine or Hungary. So, it's a matter of relative hurt rather than success.","Ah, that's a good way of putting it. Now, when trouble strikes immigrants and their families may choose to head home or they could be forced to return if their visas depend on having a job. What impact has the economic downturn had on immigration?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Everybody getting hurt doesn't mean physically hurt but that everybody is experiencing difficulties. ","questions":"What does PersonA imply about the impact of the economic downturn on Africa and Latin America?","answer":"Hurt"}
{"text":["Well, the regulations that I'm most concerned with are the ones that could be causing issues in getting approvals, new chemistries approved for crops that we grow. Cuts to different agencies could cause approval processes to take longer, which certainly in times where you have different pests and things that need taken care of, whether it's plant pests or, in our case, we have cattle as well, and if there's problems there and we don't have the ability to treat our plants or animals well or with the latest tools - you definitely want things to be safe. But it seems more like it's being pushed to the back burner for political reasons. It's very frustrating as a farmer sometimes when you see needs for things and you know there's fixes coming but regulatory issues are holding them up.","I have to ask, has your business been affected by climate in recent years?","(Laughter) Well, in the agricultural business, everybody's affected by climate. You know, I think anybody that says there's not changes happening is somewhat naive. On the other hand, it's the things that we can do to figure out what things we can do long term to make sure we're, you know, in good position to continue to grow the crops that we have here in the U. S.  and hopefully be profitable in the future and continue to be, you know, the largest producer of food in the world.","Kevin Ross, who grows corn and soybeans and raises cattle in Minden, Iowa, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Political agendas are taking precedence over the need for agricultural regulations.","questions":"Which regulations are causing issues for farmers?","answer":"Agricultural"}
{"text":["(Unintelligible).","Right.","Like a lawn. Just colonies everywhere. Then after a week, there are fewer. You still would not want to drink it. After three weeks, there is nothing.","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is describing how quickly the colonies of something grow and then disappear, possibly referring to a bacterial infection or mold in a lawn","questions":"What is the speaker describing in turn 2?","answer":"Description"}
{"text":["There are politicians from a wide variety of political parties that complain that the prime minister, Nouri al-Maliki, who is an Arab Shiite, that he has simply too much power. And critics have taken to calling him a dictator on TV over the last week. They're comparing his style of governance to Saddam Hussein. And they're basically holding up ratification and calling for a reform proposal that would curb many of Nouri al-Maliki's powers.","Meanwhile, Maliki's advisers are accusing these parties of using the American-Iraqi Treaty as a way to twist the prime minister's arm. They're calling this a desperate ploy for rival politicians to try to win popular support from the Iraq people.","So, Ivan, what are the prospects now for this status of forces agreement?It's intended to replace a U. N.  mandate which governs U. S.  troops being there. It's set to expire at the end of this year.","Well, that raises a lot of questions. The Iraqi prime minister has said he will not extend the United Nations mandate. The U. S.  has threatened, from what we're hearing from some Iraqi lawmakers, to begin withdrawal immediately."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The U.S. is using the threat of immediate withdrawal to pressure Iraq into extending the United Nations mandate","questions":"How is the U.S. pressuring Iraq to extend the United Nations mandate?","answer":"Threat"}
{"text":["Good to be with you, Linda.","So we've got a ticket, at long last. What is Governor Pence's contribution?What does he bring to the table?","He has three things that Donald Trump lacks and needs. He has the trust of most social conservatives. He has a long history of working with other party leaders in Washington. And he has good relationships with the kind of Republican donors who have been shying away from Donald Trump up to now.","Which sounds sensible, conventional and not at all like Donald Trump."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implies that Governor Pence may have a valuable contribution to the ticket, and the speaker wants to know what it is.","questions":"Which qualities does Governor Pence bring to the table?","answer":"three"}
{"text":["People go armed with treats and halters, and so they're able to catch them. And, you know, mostly, if you're calm, the horses stay calm.","Horses eat a lot, don't they?How do you care for every one?","Sure thing. Well, many of us were able to grab hay and some supplies as we were evacuating our barn. So we came with food and some items in hand. But the local seed stores have been donating all kinds of hay and shavings and pellets. So we have had, again, tremendous support from the local community, making sure that every horse here is fed.","Can you smell the smoke, see the fire?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The horses are usually calm when approached with care and respect.","questions":"What is the key to approaching horses?","answer":"Care"}
{"text":["Is there a danger of South Koreans becoming too complacent?","I think that they do talk about that. But there's also reality, which is when you have this incredibly materialistic society, it's literally a, you know, (speaking Korean) style (speaking Korean) land, then, you know, the reality of this war with this nation under Kim Jong Un kind of doesn't strike anyone as a realistic thing. And, yes, there is a danger to it. But at the same time, life does go on. And life is a very, very, very fast and active one in South Korea.","So we've been talking about war. What about peace?Do the South Koreans even think about the possibility of detente anymore, the possibility of the border reopening?","I mean, I think the issue of one Korea reunification is one of those politically manipulated one. You know, the left parties used it. The right has used it, certainly, in South Korea. So it's almost like this sort of symbol whenever they need to use sort of national security in order to unite people or get their agenda across. So it's almost become a tired one, where everyone - if you were to talk to them and you interview South Koreans, they'll all say, reunification is necessary. Do they want it?They would pause. Do they want to pay for 25 million North Koreans?Do they want refugees?They don't really want that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is suggesting that the issue of reunification is often politically manipulated and has become a tired symbol. Despite many South Koreans acknowledging the necessity of reunification, they may not be willing to deal with the potential consequences such as the financial burden of supporting North Koreans and accepting refugees.","questions":"Which issue has become a tired symbol in South Korea?","answer":"Reunification"}
{"text":["Well, a number of the Iraqis have wished us a happy new year. They know that New Year's is a pretty big deal for us. But right now, our new year is coinciding with the Ashura pilgrimage, which is a Shia holiday. And so, a number of the Iraqis are making their way down to the holy cities in Najaf and Karbala.","And the loudspeakers on a lot of the mosques are broadcasting prayers pretty much all day and all night. So that makes it a little bit interesting when we try to sleep, but we know that that's a real large holiday for them, as well.","Right. So I don't know if you can characterize it, but what's the general mood there among the soldiers as the year turns?","Well, a lot of the soldiers are really looking back on this year as one where we've made tremendous progress. My unit in particular, when we left at the end of 2006, things were really rough, and there was a lot of sectarian violence. And we really didn't know which way this thing was going to turn."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The loudspeakers broadcasting prayers all day and all night is causing disturbance for the soldiers trying to sleep.","questions":"What is causing disturbance for the soldiers?","answer":"A"}
{"text":[". . . and copied the symbols that most closely resembled the text. And we had a friend who lived across the street who was an artist, and he helped me translate it into proper copy. And then we resubmitted it to Stan.","And Stan was stuck.","And so he smiled, accepted defeat, and this became the first page of this book.","All right, so this came to light recently because Stanley Fischer was head of the Bank of Israel, and he's nominated to be vice chairman of the U. S.  Federal Reserve. Somebody got the idea that it was about time to find out what this is all about, I gather.","Somebody thought - somebody in my team thought that it would be fun to actually put this as a challenge, and basically promised a prize to whoever would be able to make sense of that page."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 3: Stan accepted the challenge and was happy to see the result of it.  2: Stan was frustrated or overwhelmed","questions":"How did Stan react to the situation?","answer":"Smiled"}
{"text":["First give us a little inside baseball on what happened with the Pfizer drug. Did it not clear the plaques?Do we know?Do we know why it failed?","Well, it was a preliminary report regarding the clinical findings, meaning that the memory, the functional changes in these patients with the mild to moderate state of the dementia of Alzheimer's disease, the clinical features did not improve.","What we don't know yet, they haven't announced yet, is whether the drug actually had an impact on the underlying biological process. So there was no clinical improvement, but we're still waiting for data on the biological signal. Did the antibody do what it was supposed to do in the brain?","And it was supposed to clear out the amyloid plaques, correct?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The drug did not improve clinical features in Alzheimer's patients, but it's still unclear whether it had an impact on the biological process of the disease.","questions":"Which clinical features did the drug fail to improve in Alzheimer's patients?","answer":"Clinical"}
{"text":["In this piece, you write about a man named Jim Eggers, and he has bipolar disorder with psychotic tendencies. Could you tell us about his service animal?Her name is Sadie.","Yeah, Sadie is an African Grey parrot. So she's a pretty small parrot. And she rides around on his back in a backpack, a bright purple backpack, that he's had built around a cage. So, she's in a cage on his back, and he's pretty severely bipolar, and he has these psychotic tendencies, and he is often threatening to attack people or actually attacked people in past. And what Sadie does is she rides around his back, and she can actually sense when he's starting to get upset before he realizes it's even happening. And she'll say, it's OK, Jim. Calm down, Jim. I'm here, Jim. You're all right, Jim. And she'll just do this in a loop, and she'll talk him down.","According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, service animals are allowed to go wherever there are human owners are, but as you write, that's been causing some problems. What's been happening there?","People are just used to dogs. They don't associate parrots, horses, monkeys, ferrets, you know, ducks, goats with service animals. So, I think the reaction of a lot of business owners and the general public is often one of suspicion that you're sort of making it up."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Sadie is not just a pet but a service animal for Jim's bipolar disorder","questions":"Which animal helps Jim with his bipolar disorder?","answer":"Sadie"}
{"text":["There were. There were. There were.","Who were they?","Jefferson and I don't have the full list, but there were some other people who did declare.","Well, I was not aware that there had been a big rush yesterday.","Yeah. Well, I mean, it's not just among the CBC, although there were other members besides yourselves but also in general. You saw this momentum. Do you think that there is an effort to really try to pull together around the presumptive nominee?And to. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : This implies that B is aware that there are some other people who are trying to join hands and support the nominee.","questions":"What is the reason for the momentum mentioned by PersonB in turn 4?","answer":"Unification"}
{"text":["Thank you so much for wanting to talk to me.","When someone says to you, tell me about your mother, it's not a simple question, is it?","Oh, not at all, man, not at all. I look forward to it, though. My mother's an incredible model. And like most Americans, she just had a rough patch, and she was not comfortable talking about a lot of those rough patches. She had me when she was a sophomore at Jackson State University, and she got a job teaching at Jackson State maybe four or five years later after she started graduate school, so we moved to Jackson probably in 1979, 1980. And Jackson was home, and books were really home for me. She just made me read and write before I could do anything I wanted to my entire life. I thank her for my writerly practice that I still have now, but that writerly practice also enabled me to write into a lot of the gaps and a lot of the terror that I think she probably did not want me to write into.","Well - and we do have to get to that, don't we?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : rough patches means in this context a bad period of time","questions":"What enabled the speaker to write into a lot of the gaps and terror that the mother probably did not want them to write into?","answer":"Writerly"}
{"text":["No, I didn't think they were racially motivated. They were just wrong. The president actually was referring to my opposition to the war in Iraq and suggesting somehow that I have not consistently opposed the war in Iraq.","Everybody who's looked at my track record knows that from 2002, when I made a speech in front of 3,000 people saying the war in Iraq was a mistake. Until today, I have consistently been opposed to this war.","And so the president, I think, was massaging the truth a little bit, and that's part of sort of standard Washington politics. But I think, at this point, you know, we're - we just want to move forward and make sure that we are talking about the issues that people are struggling with and particularly in economy right now that is teetering on the edge of recession.","That was Illinois Senator Barack Obama."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In the statement, \"the president...was massaging the truth a little bit,\" the implied meaning is that the president was not telling the truth or was being dishonest. The phrase \"massaging the truth\" is a figurative expression that means to manipulate or distort the truth. It is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as a way to express skepticism or doubt about the president's claims.","questions":"What was the figurative expression used by Senator Barack Obama in turn 2 to describe the president's claims?","answer":"Massaging"}
{"text":["Well - and very fortunately because the plane at the time he bailed out was headed more or less straight for a densely populated area - Pensacola, Florida. And if you look at the map, it came down just a few miles outside of town, also not far from the Gulf. That plane almost - he almost did guide it into the Gulf maybe 10 miles away.","And since this plane crashed, has anybody heard from Marcus Schrenker?","Well, supposedly one of his friends or acquaintances did get an email from him today. The county sheriff's office in Milton, Florida, which is sort of coordinating the crash investigation, said they couldn't confirm that email, but there were reports that he did send out this email.","Business reporter for the Indianapolis Star, Jeff Swiatek, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The pilot could have intentionally crashed the plane.","questions":"What was the name of the town near the Gulf where the plane crashed?","answer":"Pensacola"}
{"text":["Well, it's a wide hurricane. So we expect impacts on both the east coast and the west coast. But the major impacts are going to be in the Florida Keys, particularly the lower Keys - then into the Naples area and then up the coast more into the Fort Myers area and into - early in next week into the Tampa area.","What do you see over the next 24 hours?","We see that it'll make this final turn. And we'll really be able to zero in on where that core is going to go. There's still a little bit of uncertainty, but we're looking most likely that the biggest impact's along southwest Florida.","What are your biggest concerns?Mr.  DeMaria. We have, of course, this whole constellation of effects between the winds and the storm surge and the flooding."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - This is asking for a prediction for the events that will occur in the next 24 hours. ","questions":"How does PersonA describe the potential impact of the hurricane on Florida?","answer":"Impacts"}
{"text":["Many of the trees were completely defoliated. It's crunchy leaves. It's trees uprooted. You see the moss has all dried. So it's a shock to the system. And it takes many, many years - could be a century or two when we see full recovery of tree species on those areas.","What about all of the animal life?Could you tell how badly it was affected if things survived?","We saw some birds that had died. And then, days later, we were able to see some of the birds kind of flying around. They're very, very visual because they have these bright greens and colors that you can pick up from the brown background. And they are just scavenging for fruits right now.","We mentioned that Puerto Rico depends heavily on rainfall coming through El Yunque. How does the defoliation of all the trees there affect the water supply?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The birds were trying to find food in the aftermath of the destruction caused by the storm.","questions":"What were the birds scavenging for?","answer":"Fruits"}
{"text":["Hi.","Why are these talks in Norway so significant?","Well, for a long time, Juan Guaido has been saying that he's not interested in talking to Maduro. He doesn't recognize Maduro as Venezuela's legitimate president, arguing that the election that returned Maduro to a second term last year was a fraud.","So he's been concentrating on his campaign to oust Maduro. Step by step, you know, he unified the opposition. He mobilized sometimes huge crowds. He secured that recognition internationally. And the U. S.  backed him up with sanctions that have been really - have really hit the Maduro government hard."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Well, for a long time, Juan Guaido has been saying that he's not interested in talking to Maduro. He doesn't recognize Maduro as Venezuela's legitimate president, arguing that the election that returned Maduro to a second term last year was a fraud.  The literal meaning of this turn is straightforward - Juan Guaido has publicly stated his unwillingness to hold talks with Maduro and does not consider him to be the legitimate president of Venezuela. However, the implied meaning of this turn is more complex and includes the political context of the situation, such as the ongoing power struggle in Venezuela and the efforts of Guaido and his supporters to remove Maduro from power.","questions":"Which country backed Juan Guaido with sanctions?","answer":"america"}
{"text":["Yes. That was one of my big questions. Is that's possible?Or do we just make up strategies to pretend that we're leading normal lives?We were all carrying coins in our pockets to be able to call from a payphone if there was a bombing and say I'm OK.  We were spending more and more time indoors. So, we changed our way of living social lives. And we also changed the way we were sons and daughters because we knew that something could happen to your loved ones. So, no, no, there were not normal times. But it's astonishing, this capability humans have to pretend. It's very useful, by the way, but I don't know if it's entirely what we should do.","Juan Gabriel Vasquez. His new novel is \"The Sounds of Things Falling. \"It's translated by Anne McLean. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you very much, Mr.  Simon. It was a pleasure to talk to you.","You're listening to WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The host is signaling the end of the segment, indicating that the program is transitioning to a different topic or ending.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue indicates that the program is transitioning to a different topic or ending?","answer":"3"}
{"text":["There are some states out there, for example Oregon and Maine, which currently don't have sales taxes throughout the year. Is there anything that you can potentially learn from states that have been doing this for a while?","What we are looking at are states that have had sales - state sales tax holidays. As you may know, there are 17 states plus the District of Columbia that currently have sales tax holidays during the year. And the experience of our retail members with those holidays is that they're very attractive to people. They really do bring people into the stores. It's an exciting time.","You can say, well gee, if the average state sales tax is five, six percent, why would that drive consumers to come into the stores more than a sale advertised at 15 or 20 percent. And it's an interesting psychological phenomenon, but it does seem to drive more traffic. It may be because people just don't like to pay taxes, and they're very excited when there's a period where they won't have to pay taxes to the government.","Rachelle Bernstein is with the National Retail Federation. Thank you, Rachelle."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is being implied that consumer behaviour is not obvious.","questions":"What does the speaker suggest about the effect of sales tax holidays on consumer behavior?","answer":"Unclear"}
{"text":["European companies and the European Union recognize that the dominance of the dollar in international trading gives the United States very considerable power. And I believe that the Iran episode is going to be a turning point. It will show Russia, China, India, the European Union the value of building up alternative mechanisms for concluding international trade that do not use the dollar in any shape or form.","So I think the United States is set maybe to use their excessive power on this occasion but, over the long term, to lose power. And I think that's right. It should be my country that decides what is lawful trade with any other country not the United States. And the United States' use of its dominance in international trading is totally intolerable when it seeks to place U. S.  law above the law of my country as to what my businessmen can do.","That's Sir Richard Dalton, former British diplomat now president of the British Iranian Chamber of Commerce. Thank you for speaking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The dominance of the dollar gives the US considerable power in international trade.","questions":"How do European companies and the EU recognize the power of the US in international trade?","answer":"power"}
{"text":["It was like a brick carriage house. Inside, there was just one room on the first floor and one room on the second floor, so it was an intimate house for a non-intimate family.","Her deep craving for intimacy would lead her to music. And it turns out the things Ani DiFranco wanted to say were exactly what a generation of women coming of age in the '90s wanted to hear.","(Singing) Squint your eyes and look closer. I'm not between you and your ambition. I am a poster girl with no poster. I am 32 flavors and then some.","Ani DiFranco talks about those early years in her new memoir. It's called \"No Walls And The Recurring Dream. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Her deep craving for intimacy would lead her to music. And it turns out the things Ani DiFranco wanted to say were exactly what a generation of women coming of age in the '90s wanted to hear.\" This turn is an example of a figurative language where the meaning is not literal. The words \"deep craving for intimacy\" do not refer to a physical or emotional hunger for intimacy but rather a desire to express oneself intimately through music. Likewise, the phrase \"lead her to music\" does not mean that music was a physical destination but rather a medium for self-expression.","questions":"What was the medium for self-expression?","answer":"Music"}
{"text":["But to point out the obvious: the play chess, they don't watch it.","Who would ever in a million years have imagined that anyone would be interested in watching golf on TV?In our poll, golf is considered the most boring sport in America and yet it's incredibly successful on TV. It is indeed considered, in this poll, more boring than chess. But if you think about it, if you know anything about chess, you know that there's a rich, thick history, both of players and personalities and madness and theory that you can talk about on and on and on and on. There's nothing to talk about in golf.","Andrew Paulson speaking with us from London. Thank you very much. Good luck to you and to chess, Mr.  Paulson.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that Andrew Paulson is wishing the interviewer good luck as well as himself and the game of chess.","questions":"What is Andrew Paulson wishing luck for in turn 3?","answer":"Chess"}
{"text":["Do you ever feel that way, you're just so tired of singing, but you know you have to because that song is so closely associated with who you are?","Well \"Band of Gold\" would be it, but by the time I get to the end of the show, and I'm coming back for that last encore\u2026","(Singing) Now that you're gone, all that's left is a band of gold\u2026","A lot of times, I will do \"Band of Gold,\" and as a matter of fact, I - and I find that it's a good thing because I see people in the audience just light up, like (unintelligible)\u2026"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"A lot of times, I will do 'Band of Gold,' and as a matter of fact, I - and I find that it's a good thing because I see people in the audience just light up, like (unintelligible)\u2026\" - The implied meaning here is that the person often performs \"Band of Gold,\" and they enjoy doing so because they observe that it brings joy to their audience and creates a positive atmosphere.","questions":"How does performing \"Band of Gold\" make PersonA feel?","answer":"Enjoy"}
{"text":["One of the most interesting things that happens with couples, Farai, is that one's a spender and one's a saver, and that causes all kinds of problems. Because one person wants to squirrel away every extra penny, and then you've got the extravagant one. They've got to talk about it and make compromises.","And Michelle Singletary has a new book out which is great, talking about couples and money management, and there are a lot of other tools. But the first tip is just to have an honest conversation about what your money priorities are, how you spend your money, and what's important to you.","Thanks so much, Dr.  Malveaux.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : squirrel implies to hide some money for future use and not referring to an animal or rodents ","questions":"Which word in the dialogue refers to storing money for future use and not to an animal or rodents?","answer":"squirrel"}
{"text":["You offered to do this for nothing. Is that offer still out there?","Of course.","You manage, well, you did manage $720 billion in assets. I'm not sure your portfolio's still worth 720. A month ago, it was.","Well, it's worth more now because we've grown and taken in additional assets, not because our assets have miraculously gone up in price."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A's portfolio has grown due to additional assets, not increased prices.","questions":"How has PersonA's portfolio grown?","answer":"Due"}
{"text":["Well, I mean, on the one hand, you had - the Manafort indictment does not mention Trump. And - but the guilty plea that was unsealed involving this other campaign adviser, George Papadopoulos, does mention Trump. And the greater sort of uncertainty surrounds that guilty plea at this moment because it is a signal that they already have testimony from this person, already have emails and other records showing the extensive contacts of this person with others in the Trump administration. They're basically saying we know more than you guys think we do.","George Papadopoulos - has he been wearing a wire?","That's a good question. I mean, I think it's fair to assume that Trump's lawyers are looking at that question very carefully.","Carter Page and Hope Hicks, according to reports, are going to be questioned. Carter Page has a history with and in Russia, doesn't he?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: Has George Papadopoulos been secretly recording conversations with others in the Trump administration?","questions":"Which campaign adviser's actions are causing greater uncertainty regarding the Trump administration's extensive contacts with Russia?","answer":"Papadopoulos"}
{"text":["So, what was a moment that crystallized for you what it was going to be like?You're. . .","Mm-hmm.","You were all the way through it, right?From. . .","Yeah, I started there in kindergarten, and I went through all the way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B is confirming that A attended the same school from kindergarten until graduation.","questions":"What grade did PersonA start in the school mentioned by B?","answer":"b"}
{"text":["We should explain that money is not an issue. More than 80,000 people have donated to a fundraising campaign to support the Gard family. Why do you feel this case has drawn such, at this point, international attention?","I think it has sparked outrage because it gets down to the point of whose child is Charlie?Does Charlie belong to the state, or does Charlie belong to his parents?And if he belongs to his parents, then they should be given the right - and not the government, not the hospital, not the courts - to decide Charlie's fate because the moment they turn off the ventilator, he's going to die.","Would a life spent on a ventilator be worth living?","From the Christian perspective, yes because every single human life is valuable. His life has meaning. And if his parents want to increase and prolong and give him the best chance possible, the hospital has no right to step in the role of the parents to try to give their son the best chance possible."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning, however, is emphasizing the importance of honoring the parents' decision and questioning the hospital's interference in the parents' role and their desire to provide Charlie with the best possible care and chance for survival.","questions":"What is the Christian perspective on Charlie's life?","answer":"Valuable"}
{"text":["My grandparents were raised during the Great Depression and spent the rest of their lives hoarding rubber bands, bacon grease, and batteries. It used to fill me with embarrassment that they would actually rinse out Zip-Loc bags and reuse them. Poor people, I thought. Don't they know there's always more?I was raised in the disposable generation of styrofoam boxes and plastic water bottles. If something ran out, you simply got a new one.","But this year, we are re-evaluating not just how we spend our money, but also the lessons we pass on to a new generation. The other day, I made Emmeline a skirt out of a men's sport coat once sold exclusively at the Watergate Hotel. You can't buy that kind of fashion statement at Target.","On our most recent trip, Emmeline's glowery mood changed when she happened upon a shirt decorated with farm animals and said, ooh, now doesn't this look nice?I examined it and agreed, asking, what do you want to do with it?Emmeline twirled her toe on the speckled Formica floor and thought it over for a moment. A smile widened on her face, oh, I think that will make just the prettiest dress. Her latest outfit cost a dollar 50.","Mike Adamick is a stay-at-home dad living in San Francisco."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"I was raised in the disposable generation of styrofoam boxes and plastic water bottles. If something ran out, you simply got a new one.\"  This turn has a figurative meaning. The speaker is not literally saying that they were raised in a generation of styrofoam boxes and plastic water bottles, but rather that they grew up in a time when people were accustomed to using disposable items and not reusing things like their grandparents did.","questions":"Which generation was the speaker raised in?","answer":"Disposable"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me, Michel.","So organizers say that there were about a million people protesting today. The police say it's more like a quarter of a million. Still, that is a lot of people in a city of 7 million people. You were out in the streets. What did you see?","The streets were completely packed. It was just jammed - a complete mosh pit. I was out there, and I had just never seen so many people out on the streets before. They were marching through the city's main east-west artery for about two and a half miles from the park to the government headquarters. The head of the crowd started streaming out of the park at around 2:30 in the afternoon. And five hours later, as I was circling back to the start of the march, people were still going strong, and the tail end of the crowd was nowhere to be seen. So that just shows you how many people were joining this march for hours on end.","The issue of extradition is certainly important, but it just isn't something we often see people demonstrating about. And why do you think this sparked such a massive response?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The police may be downplaying the number of protesters.","questions":"What is the estimated number of people protesting according to the police?","answer":"250000"}
{"text":["One of the things you can buy with bitcoins is illicit products, like drugs, for example. And it has proven to be a particularly attractive application for bitcoin because if you tried to set up a black market for drugs and accept credit card payments, the credit card networks would shut you down right away. But there's nobody who runs the bitcoin network, and so there's nobody the authorities can go to and say, shut down this network or reverse that payment.","I gather bitcoin's created through mining but not, like, chisel and cloud of dust mining. Right?","Yeah. So mining is the term that bitcoin people use for the process that computers use to kind of run the bitcoin network. There's a global shared record of who has made which payments to whom. And the computers that participate in this process get a reward of new bitcoins. Right now, every block, which happens about 10 minutes, you get a reward of 12. 5 bitcoins, which is worth more than $100,000. And they call it mining because you're creating new bitcoins in the process of running the network.","And that takes a lot of energy, I gather.","It does. One recent estimate said that the bitcoin network as a whole consumes about as much energy as the nation of Denmark."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The speaker is implying that \"mining\" in the context of Bitcoin is not done in the same way as traditional mining (with chisels and clouds of dust) but rather is done with computers and technology.","questions":"What is the term that bitcoin people use for the process that computers use to run the bitcoin network?","answer":"Mining"}
{"text":["Absolutely. This is probably one of the most consequential elections in Israel in the last 10 years, since Netanyahu has been in power.","Daniel, thanks so much.","You're welcome.","That's NPR's Daniel Estrin."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : None of the turns have implied meanings that are different from their literal meanings. They all convey their literal meanings without any hidden or implied messages.","questions":"How consequential is this election in Israel?","answer":"Consequential"}
{"text":["What about the whole impact of race in this socioeconomic equation. There's many times when black Americans are viewed as the canary in the coal mine. And you see unemployment's number rising faster in the black community than you do in America at large. What is happening now and what is going to unfold, do you think, in African-American communities?","Well, we could see continued spikes on the black unemployment rate. African-Americans are the one who are more likely to exhaust unemployment benefits because we are more likely to have long-term unemployment. So this is a real strain coming up for the African-American community if we continue to see job cuts take place.","The unemployment rate for blacks tends to spike early on when job growth slows and then we tend to be the last hired. And then when jobs actually start being cut, we start to lose because we tend to also be the first ones fired.","Give me some examples of what might happen in a place like Washington, D. C.  You know, you're at Howard University, you're in the heart of Washington, D. C.  and it's a very, in some ways, very much a typical African-American community-based city, in other ways completely diverse both socioeconomically and racially. How do you see the poor African-American neighborhoods in the District being affected potentially by some of the trends in jobs and some of the trends in the economy?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"viewed as the canary in the coal mine\" - This is a metaphorical expression that means black Americans are often the first to experience negative effects of societal problems or economic changes, similar to how a canary would die first in a coal mine if there were toxic gases present.","questions":"Which group of people are often viewed as the first to experience negative effects of societal problems or economic changes?","answer":"Black-Americans"}
{"text":["Yeah, a lot. Yeah, last time, remember, there was not a single question in the major debates.","Right, across all the debates.","No. No, not at all. This time, a lot of differences. A big one would be President Trump. I think what we're seeing is, in part, a backlash to his rejection of climate science and his real push for fossil fuels.","Pulling out of the Paris climate accord, et cetera."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : President Trump has caused a negative impact on climate change policies","questions":"How has President Trump affected climate change policies?","answer":"Negative"}
{"text":["How close is it?","It's about three parsecs away, about 12 light-years away, something like that.","So if there is intelligent life on that planet, and I'm just speculating here, it would be possible to communicate with them in real time almost, right, a lifetime, at least one person's lifetime if they could signal back and forth in 12 light-years?","Well, and that's the reason that studying these nearest stars is so interesting. If you have a chance of contacting any intelligent beings on these things, you could have a two-way conversation easily within a lifetime around these nearest stars."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The planet is far away from us, but it's measurable","questions":"How far is the planet?","answer":"12"}
{"text":["One morning in early December, 23-year-old Andrew Black of Vermont bought a gun. And a few hours later, he used that gun to kill himself. We first spoke to Andrew's mother, Alyssa Black, shortly after her son's death. She was calling for Vermont to pass legislation requiring a cooling-off period between when a person can walk into a gun store and walk out with a firearm.","A bill requiring a 24-hour waiting period moved to the top of the Vermont Senate's agenda earlier this year. It passed in both houses. And then last week, it was vetoed by Governor Phil Scott. Alyssa Black joins me now.","Welcome to WEEKEND EDITION.","Thank you for having me again.","Vermont would have been one of a handful of states to mandate time between buying a firearm and actually receiving the firearm. What was your reaction to Governor Scott's veto?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The cooling off means to wait until a person calms down if they are upset.","questions":"What did Alyssa Black want Vermont to pass legislation for?","answer":"Waiting"}
{"text":["Thanks for being with us, Scott. The president, of course, was in Paris this week. He was president Macron's guest for Bastille Day. There'd been some attention in this country which would affix President Macron as somehow a different figure than President Trump. The two of them seemed to get on very well. There seemed genuine rapport.","That's right. I think if this improves relations, it certainly improved body language when it comes to President Trump in Europe. You know, there were so many images at the G-20 of Trump just looking isolated, big policy announcements put out by every country except the United States. So I think Macron sensed an opening here. He saw that Trump needs a friend, an ally, a wingman - whatever you want to call it - in Europe.","And Trump has a long track record of responding when people show him respect and welcome him. There's certainly nothing more welcoming than a big parade being put on, so this seemed to work. They seemed to get along. The question is, does this get Trump to shift on any of the key policy differences?Starting with climate change, where they could not be any further apart.","There was a phrase in the press conference where he said, well, maybe there will be something with the Paris accords, right?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There was a phrase in the press conference where he said, well, maybe there will be something with the Paris accords, right?\" Implicated meaning: During the press conference, Trump made a vague statement suggesting that there could potentially be some reconsideration or change regarding the Paris accords, although it remains uncertain or unclear.","questions":"How did Trump respond to the Paris accords during the press conference?","answer":"Vague"}
{"text":["I think it's just incredibly boneheaded that there is any attempt to not reveal absolutely everything that's going on. Because there's such - just potential for, if not impropriety or corruption, at least the appearance of that. So, I don't understand why the Fed isn't being more forthcoming.","But if you look at the actual TARP program, that's the Treasury. They've taken the 700 billion, and of that, they have already allocated about 290 billion. 125 billion went to the nine huge banks that basically had the capital shoved down their throats. And then another 125 effectively went to a lot of other banks that signed up quickly. And then 40 billion has gone to AIG.","So, there's really only 60 billion of that first tranche left. And then Hank Paulson will have to go to Congress, and say, OK, please give me the next 350 billion.","And so what were the conditions under which that first tranche was paid out?In other words, what do we know about what happened with that money?","Well, what we know is that the way it was originally sold to the public and to Congress was, this will enable the banks to lend again, and so we need to give them money. And really, within minutes of the plan being announced, you had a lot of the major banks' CEOs, like Merrill's John Thain, come out and say, look, we've got more important priorities, which is basically saving our firms."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The banks that received TARP funds didn't necessarily need them to lend again","questions":"Which CEOs expressed a lack of interest in the original purpose of the TARP program?","answer":"Merrill's"}
{"text":["So it's like, your mind can't be stuck on this. You're just like, I'm here, so I'm trying to figure out, how do I even go to school, try to look nice, so the kids don't roast you?You're trying to figure out, how do I talk?How do I, you know, engage?But now we kind of just laugh at it. We make jokes out of anything. That's how I cope with a lot of stuff. I just make jokes about it or just laugh about it. Hip-hop is rooted - was birthed in New York. So it's like there's a history of, like, flipping your story into something positive. And then, you know, we're still here. You know, everybody's alive. Everybody's living, doing their own stuff, trying to chase their dreams. So we try to keep the energy, like, positive and optimistic - you know?- because that's the only way, I feel like, to really live a good life.","(Singing) What's up with you?Won't stop loving you. How you want me to?","Rapper Thutmose on his debut album, \"Man On Fire. \"Producer Christina Cala caught up with him at the South by Southwest Music Festival.","(Rapping) Tell me what your view is. She from Malibu. She want to hang out with the cool kids."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : stuck on this implies that a person keeps thinking about something","questions":"Which word in Thutmose's interview reveals his coping mechanism for difficult situations?","answer":"Flipping"}
{"text":["Dale Berra has written a book about his father and family - father most Americans know by just one name, Yogi - Lawrence \"Yogi\" Berra, the Hall of Fame catcher of the Mantle, Maris and Whitey Ford New York Yankees in the 1950s and '60s. Yogi was the American League's Most Valuable Player three times that became almost as beloved as an almost cuddly catcher who babbled with bewildering but good-natured malapropisms like, it's deja vu all over again. He went on to manage the Yankees, then the Mets. Dale Berra was himself a major leaguer with the Yankees, the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Houston Astros, but he brought down his own career with drugs. His new book, \"My Dad Yogi: A Memoir Of Family And Baseball\" - Dale Berra joins us from New York. Thank you so much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott. Thanks for having me.","Your father famously said, I never said most of the things I said. The Yogi-isms - how did he talk at home?","To tell you the truth, Dad, as we like to say, is the most quoted man who never said anything. Dad was just Dad at home."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \u2018Dad was just Dad at home\u2019 refers to the children not seeing their father\u2019s fame as affecting their relationship in any way - a separation of job and home life.","questions":"What is the implication of \"Dad was just Dad at home\" on the relationship between the father and his children?","answer":"Unaffected"}
{"text":["Should the NSA be held responsible for this?I'm just wondering. The fact that this crown jewel, as you put it, was leaked or stolen and became public, is that their fault?","This is a great question. Actually, there's controversy. So initially, losing control of this hacking tool - and really, thousands of others - was clearly the NSA's fault. But at some point, I guess, their responsibility for criminals reusing what has become public is diminishing. But the problem here is that the U. S.  government - first Obama, then the Trump administration, and of course, also Congress - have never addressed the underlying extraordinary leak that took place that is known as Shadow Brokers, which is arguably the worst security breach the NSA has ever suffered - even worse than the Snowden leak.","It just seems remarkable that something that has such significance and such a power to disrupt people's lives hasn't gotten more attention. Does it seem strange to you?","Well, you know, the story is quite complicated. But I think we have to do better and really understand the Shadow Broker's leak, it's reuse. This is ultimately an attack, if we take the whole thing, that has caused tens of billions of damage to the world economy - billions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The government's lack of action on the Shadow Brokers leak suggests negligence and a failure to address a significant security breach.","questions":"Which leak caused billions of damage to the world economy?","answer":"Shadow-Brokers"}
{"text":["And eventually they found that the virus abided in giant fruit bats, a couple different species of giant fruit bat that were native to that part of Australia. The fruit bats had been roosting in trees, fig trees, eating figs and dropping pulp, dropping their feces and urine onto the grass beneath, and one of the horses had been staying in a pasture out there by those fig trees, had gone into the shade under the tree, had eaten the grass, picked up the virus, and then when she was brought back to the stable with the rest of her fellow horses, she passed the disease on to them, and they passed it on to the humans.","So it was spillover from a bat into horses. The horses became sort of amplifier hosts of the virus, and it spilled onward from them into humans. The mortality rate of that disease is around 50 percent.","And where is it now?I mean, has it popped up again since you wrote about it?","It has popped up, but like some of these diseases, it pops up, and there's an outbreak, a local outbreak, and the case of Hendra usually infects no more than one or two humans, might kill one out of two. In some of the other cases, like Ebola virus in Central Africa, it might kill a dozen or a few dozen people. There's been an outbreak going on in the Democratic Republic of the Congo this summer."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The mortality rate of the disease is high and it has caused outbreaks in the past.","questions":"What is the likelihood of survival for those infected with the disease?","answer":"High"}
{"text":["I think that - I would like to see in a penal system where they had - a separate penal system for those people who have been convicted of drug crimes, non-violent drug crimes, where they address the addictive nature of whatever they're on and have them on probation and ease them out of the penal system with very severe probation conditions so you can address the addiction and the behavior and environment that invite continuing use, even though an addict is trying to change.","Well, Judge, always good to talk to you. Thank you.","Always. Thank you.","Judge Lynn Toler is the star of \"Divorce Court. \"She's also the author of \"My Mother's Rules: A Practical Guide to Becoming an Emotional Genius\" and she joined us from radio station KJZZ in Tempe, Arizona."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Proposes a different approach to dealing with non-violent drug crimes.","questions":"Which type of crimes does the approach mentioned in turn 0 deal with?","answer":"Non-violent"}
{"text":["Well, Zach looked at them and said, you know, these look like Sexton. But they don't look like the Sexton I've read. So even from the beginning, we had a very clear idea that we might have found something special here. So the next step was to reach out to other more-established Sexton scholars who hadn't seen them. And that was when we got really excited. They put us in touch with her daughter and literary executor Linda Gray Sexton, who also said, I have never seen these, either.","So Anne Sexton, as we've said, is one of the poets that really introduced the idea of confessional poetry, poetry that's personal - so much about the I. How do these poems fit into that emerging style?","Well, I think one of my favorite things about Sexton is how she kind of emerges almost fully formed, right?So she wasn't a childhood poetry writer. You know, before she even started taking a poetry class where she's writing for therapy, 12 years after that, she's winning the Pulitzer Prize for poetry. So what these poems show is, yes, her development but also very much her initial poetic power. In 1957, she presents her mother with a sort of homemade book of poems. And she says this was the first year of Anne Sexton, you know, poet - and that's before she even starts publishing - and then very shortly after has a meteoric rise to fame.","So I guess I'd like to know what these poems are about and something that really moved you. Can you give us an example?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It means the poems that the author has read, not the author herself.","questions":"What did Zach say about the poems?","answer":"Personal."}
{"text":["OK.",". . . It's a big question.","OK. So it does seem that it's been reported that the president's advisers are at odds. His national security adviser, John Bolton, is hawkish, seems very skeptical about any negotiations with Iran while the secretary of state, Mike Pompeo, seems to want to de-escalate the conflict. Now, obviously, everyone should be very careful about committing troops to any conflict, so let's just take that as a given. But how do you interpret what's going on in the administration around this very sensitive and consequential issue?Some would argue that these things should have been worked out by now.","Well, as far as any discussion with regards to the military option - and there are four instruments of national power, primarily - diplomacy, information, military, economics. It's the dying principle that we follow here as a nation. I believe and many others believe that the military option anywhere at any time should always be the absolute. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"How do you interpret what's going on in the administration around this very sensitive and consequential issue?\" This question is not asking for a literal interpretation of what is happening but rather a more analytical and critical evaluation of the situation.","questions":"What kind of evaluation is required for interpreting the situation in the administration around the sensitive issue?","answer":"Analytical"}
{"text":["Well, the committee report - it's not unexpected - but the draft reports thus far says that the impeachment committee believes Democratic Governor Rod Blagojevich has abused his power. Quoting from the report, \"The citizens of this state must have confidence that the governor will faithfully serve the people and put their interests before his own. It is with profound regret that the committee finds that our current governor has not done so. \"","It's quite voluminous. It's 60 pages or so of documentation of things beyond just what the federal prosecutor in Chicago has alleged that the governor has done, many reasons to impeach him beyond just the alleged criminal activity that he has been arrested and charged with.","Now, is there a rush to do this before - to possibly impeach the governor before Mr.  Burris would be seated as the junior senator from Illinois?","The report is drafted without Burris' testimony. To consider, they would add it to it, I suppose, if he says something remarkable this afternoon. But they seemed to feel that they have enough evidence to move forward with the impeachment. The rush is really to just get him out of office before they have to grapple with a huge budget deficit here in the state of Illinois. The relationship between the Legislature and the governor has been dysfunctional for quite some time, and it's only gotten worse since his arrest last month."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Legislature wants to get the governor out of office before dealing with a huge budget deficit and the dysfunctional relationship between them.","questions":"How does the Legislature plan to deal with the huge budget deficit?","answer":"Deficit"}
{"text":["Well, it's about four, five, six percent. But we also asked questions about whether or not people would change their minds. You can add an additional about 20 percent of voters who are picking a candidate in the month of September, but are still saying they might change their mind how they're going to vote. When you add those two numbers together, you get almost to a quarter of the electorate in Ohio that could change its mind between now and Election Day.","And the number one issue, as it is in many places in the country, the economy?","The economy is the number one issue. And one of the things that makes it very difficult for a candidate to campaign in Ohio is that when they come to Ohio to talk about the economy, they can't just talk about a single aspect. When you talk to folks in the northern part of the state, northeast Ohio which includes Cleveland, and northwest Ohio which includes Toledo, when you're talking about the economy there, oftentimes the discussion is about trade.","When you talk about the economy in southwest Ohio, which is the Cincinnati area, there's much less talk about trade, and more discussion about wages and the salaries that people are making. The southeast area of the state, which is also known in part because of the Appalachian history of that part of the state, has high unemployment. A number of counties in southeast Ohio have double-digit unemployment. Many people in that region are talking about and focused on unemployment, solely as their economic concern."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"could change its mind\" - actual meaning: might change their opinion or decision","questions":"How many percent of voters in Ohio could change their mind before Election Day?","answer":"25"}
{"text":["From an economic perspective, they certainly don't seem to. All the evidence suggests that stadiums are not good economic drivers. But that being said, that doesn't mean that there is not value in a stadium. There are things like quality of life, things like civic pride. But ultimately, a lot of the economists I spoke to landed on the fact that what you need to do is have honest conversations among taxpayers and voters in terms of what you want to spend and why. Don't tell taxpayers that the stadium is going to make them rich because it's not going to. But it may enrich your life if you're a fan. And so take that into account and think about it the same way you would a golf course or an arts district. Is this something that you want to pay for?It's not an investment, but it's consumption.","You are awfully impressed by the art and craft of grounds crews.","Oh, I was.","A clever grounds crew can mean a difference in close games, can't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) implies that while stadiums are not good economic drivers, they still have value in terms of quality of life and civic pride. However, taxpayers and voters should be honest about what they want to spend and why, and not expect stadiums to make them rich.","questions":"How can taxpayers benefit from a stadium?","answer":"Enjoyment."}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, a big one can come from any number of faults here in Southern California. So if you looked at a map of Southern California and wanted to imagine all the faults, just throw a pile of spaghetti down on it, and all those little strands would be faults all over the place. These - this set of faults is inland from the San Andreas.","And so there was a less-than-1% chance that we would've had an above-7. 0 magnitude earthquake yesterday following the 6. 4 on Thursday, and that happened. As of today, there is a less-than-2% chance that we could see another magnitude 7 today, but we're going to have to see how that shakes out.","The San Andreas is not directly impacted by these faults, as far as we know. But there are a whole lot of faults in that area that might've taken a strain of some of these smaller faults that - when they released all their energy, because that strain doesn't just go away. It has to go somewhere else. And some of the other faults in the area took it on.","And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Shakes out implies how things come out in the end","questions":"Which word in the dialogue implies the outcome of the situation?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["You'd hear it - kind of like a whistling noise. And you'd also hear the trees kind of swaying outside the windows.","After the storm passed, they were able to return to their hospital room, where they slept through the night.","First thing in the morning, I went home to check on my house. I saw multiple trees down in our neighborhood. Some were even close to some of my neighbors' houses. But it was a relief when we found out that my house was intact.","They'd lost a grapefruit tree. Their yard was a mess, though, and the power was out. So Susie went to Gainesville to recover at her parents' house. Ben spent the week cleaning up at home and thinking about what preparations to make for the next hurricane."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker's house was not damaged by the hurricane","questions":"What did the speaker find in the neighborhood after the hurricane?","answer":"Trees"}
{"text":["Yeah. To learn street - Glasgow street language.","They must have - well, a few particular words must have stuck to their vocabulary.","They spring to mind immediately, don't they?","Our guest is Billy Connolly. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION, from NPR News. And there is a lot of material, it would seem to me, that would go over better in Scotland than it would here. How do you have to change to adapt to audiences?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Learning Glasgow street language involves learning specific words.","questions":"How does learning Glasgow street language involve vocabulary?","answer":"Specific"}
{"text":["So the legislation you're pushing for would require anyone with a sex trafficking conviction to register as an offender in New Mexico. A similar bill recently failed in the state Legislature. Do you think that the Epstein case and the attention that it's getting will flip some votes?Do you think the bill is more likely to pass now?","I think the Epstein case - if there is only one positive that comes from this matter, it's that there will be more awareness that human trafficking and child trafficking is everywhere in every community, and any community can be exploited. It's appalling that the Legislature did not give this bill one hearing last year, much less consider the reform. I think the Epstein case will bring considerable amount of awareness on this issue and the real need to better protect children.","Epstein has not faced charges in New Mexico, but I understand that your office is interviewing people about what took place on his ranch. What can you tell us about that?","We do have an active investigation. We are meeting with survivors and victims involved in that matter. I'm very concerned that there definitely was a course of conduct here in New Mexico within our borders and that we don't leave any stone unturned. And we're also going to be forwarding any federal evidence to the federal authorities in New York."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There is concern that there was illegal activity on Epstein's ranch in New Mexico and the investigation will be thorough","questions":"How thorough will the investigation be?","answer":"Thorough"}
{"text":["So when he came home, how was he different in how he treated you, related to you, related to family life?","He's totally different. For one, Michael is very quiet. And since he returned, he's even distant, and it's causing a lot of problems in our marriage. And it's just - this war have caused a lot of stress on the wives and the families, they have to deal with these soldiers when they return.","What do you try to do with or for Michael to help him adjust?","I try everything in the world, and it seem like it don't help. Because he have a wall built up, and for one, we don't have enough help here. We only have one clinic that we can go to for counseling and therapy. And it's like two-hour drive away from where we live, so that's a major problem, too."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"He's even distant\" - The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. It implies that Michael is emotionally distant or uninvolved in their relationship, not physically distant.","questions":"Which aspect of Michael's behavior has caused problems in their marriage?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Well, what happened on Tuesday was very interesting. During the day on Tuesday, there was a very small protest. They were in the middle of central Baghdad in Tahrir Square. They were very quickly dispersed by the Iraqi security forces, but then a call went out on social media from people's individual accounts to say, let's go back to the square at 3 o'clock. And the numbers surprised everybody. There were thousands of people in the square who reacted to that, and they all had one real message to the government. That was to end corruption and provide jobs and opportunity.","The government were completely surprised by this, and they sent in the Iraqi army and the police with very heavy-handed tactics. They used live fire. They used tear gas. They used rubber-coated steel bullets. Now, there were a number of deaths that day, and then the protests spread to other parts of the country.","So whatever had happened, it struck a chord with very young people. Now, the median age of the protesters, as far as I can work out, is about 20 years old. These are people who don't remember Saddam Hussein, who, you know, barely remember the U. S. -led occupation of Iraq. What they do remember is the last 10 years and the opportunities that have not been given to them.","And as you have been moving around the streets, reporting, trying to talk to them, what specifically do they tell you that they want?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The tactics used were very dangerous and deadly to the protestors.","questions":"Which day did the protests occur?","answer":"Tuesday"}
{"text":["OK.","It's caviar pie. And it's the simplest thing to make, but it's - really has a punch. It's got six eggs, and you have to hard boil them. And then you chop them a little bit. You mix them with three tablespoons of mayonnaise. You spread that on the bottom of an oiled 8-inch spring pan. I can't find mine, so I just use a plain old pie plate.","So you've got this layer of eggs with mayonnaise, and you sprinkle that layer with a cup of red onion which is minced fine. Now, I'm not much of a chef, and whenever I see the word mince in a recipe, I turn the page. But in this case, the work is really worth it because it's quite delicious so mince away.","You just chop, chop, chop, chop, chop, chop. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: This turn suggests that even seemingly simple interactions can have complex underlying dynamics and potential for misunderstanding.","questions":"What suggests that interactions can have complex underlying dynamics?","answer":"interactions"}
{"text":["He hasn't always fallen right in line with Trump by any means. He hasn't always fallen right in line with Trump by any means. He's been critical of Putin over some gas projects that he's been involved in. He's been critical of Putin over some gas projects that he's been involved in. But generally, he has held the Trump line. But generally, he has held the Trump line. So I think this is going to be interesting to go in. So I think this is going to be interesting to go in. He did have that one key moment in the text chain where he came in and clearly stated this was not quid pro quo but then suggested they get offline. He did have that one key moment in the text chain where he came in and clearly stated this was not quid pro quo but then suggested they get offline. So. . . So. . .","Right. Right.","So we'll see what happens once he jumps in there. So we'll see what happens once he jumps in there.","Are people following this in Portland?Are people following this in Portland?I mean, how are they reacting?I mean, how are they reacting?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"are people following this\" implies \"are people paying attention to this\"","questions":"Which word does turn 3 imply?","answer":"Attention"}
{"text":["Yes. I mean, this piece - I mean not only me played I think every piano student started with this piece. But actually, this piece is not just a ringtone, you know?This piece is a real beautiful, masterful piece.","Now, just listen to two different ways that Lang Lang showed us you can play that familiar melody. The first time, he's going to hit all the right notes. But the second time, his fingers will tell a story.","Because you can just put your hands, you know (playing piano).","It's quite easy, you know?But it's very hard to make (playing piano)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B's statement \"his fingers will tell a story\" is a metaphorical expression that means Lang Lang will add his personal interpretation to the melody, giving it a unique and expressive character. It's not meant to be taken literally that Lang Lang's fingers will actually tell a story. The other turns appear to be conveying their literal meanings. Turn 1 expresses the speaker's belief that the piece they are discussing is not only well-known but also a beautiful and masterful composition. Turn 3 is a straightforward statement that playing the piano involves using your hands. Turn 4 means that while the mechanics of playing piano may be relatively easy to learn, it's difficult to master the instrument and create beautiful music.","questions":"What is the meaning of Lang Lang's fingers \"telling a story\"?","answer":"Interpretation"}
{"text":["Most Americans will cast our ballots on November 8, or will we?Early voting begins in some states as soon as the end of this month. Twenty million ballots might be in the hands of voters by the end of September. After several elections with early voting, can we see what impact it might have on the political system and even the final result?","Paul Gronke is a professor of political science at Reed College in Portland, Ore. He's founder and director of the Early Voting Information Center. He joins us from Philadelphia. Professor Gronke, thanks for being with us.","Absolutely, good to talk with you, Scott.","Is it your impression so far that one party or one campaign is better prepared than the other right now for early balloting?","I think so. The Democrats really ramped up their operation with the Obama campaign in 2008, and they really got a very good data operation. Rick Perry led the way with the Republicans in some work in Texas to start to track Republican voters and connect them with whether they've cast their ballots early."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  Is it your impression so far that one party or one campaign is better prepared than the other right now for early balloting?","questions":"What is the profession of Paul Gronke?","answer":"professor"}
{"text":["Exactly.","They look like USB drives that you could sneak into a classroom.","And put in a backpack - and, frankly, most parents aren't going to have the first clue what it is. And what the picture is underneath it, the caption says, Mom, it's a USB drive. That is expressly targeted to students. And I want to shut that practice down in my state.","Is there any difference between the suit that you put forward this week against these eight companies and the suit you filed in the spring against Juul?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The appearance of the devices is deceptive and can be easily hidden from parents and teachers. The devices are designed to look like USB drives and are targeted towards students for their discreet usage.","questions":"How are the devices designed?","answer":"Deceptive"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. But you see what I mean?Because it is about perception and how we need to be - to understand what we're seeing before we can really see it, that's really key to understanding this whole issue of climate change and why we see or don't see what's right in front of us.","What drew you to monarchs in the first place?","I had really wanted to write about the subject for a long time. I live in southern Appalachia. I am surrounded by neighbors and friends - people I respect very much - who don't really understand climate change or believe in it, even though, as farmers, they're getting socked by it. We've had unprecedented, disastrous weather time and again. So it's such a strange contradiction that the people in our continent who are first to feel the harm of a changing climate are the last to be able to talk about it.","That was such a conundrum and such rich territory for a novel to tread, that I was just looking for the right way to get into the subject. And one morning, I just woke up with this vision in my eyes of millions of butterflies covering the forest behind my house. I just - I mean, I didn't actually see it. I imagined it. I woke up and there it was, and I knew that was it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A deeper understanding of climate change is needed to comprehend its effects.","questions":"How is perception related to understanding climate change?","answer":"Perception"}
{"text":["Look, if I were running the FBI, you know, I probably would want to have backdoors as well, so I'm sympathetic to the director's view. But there is risk if you put that backdoor in. There's no question you enhance the risk, number one. Number two, there are the privacy implications that are of concern to parties.","When you were working for the government, obviously you were institutionally on a different side of the argument. You were on the side of being able to get into whatever you needed to get into and find out whatever you needed to find out. What happened?Did you have a sort of a Saul of Damascus moment?I mean, did you always believe what you believe now?","My beliefs really haven't changed since I was in government. If anything, it gave me appreciation for how challenging it is for the government to balance and play the roles that it needs to, both wanting to keep the nation secure, both having the rights to collect extensive intelligence overseas, less so within the country. You know, the richness of that debate in many ways would, I think, make the founders of our country proud.","Rod Beckstrom was the founding director of the U. S.  National Cybersecurity Center. Thank you very much for this.","Thank you, Linda. Great to be on your show."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  implies that the speaker is asking if the person had a sudden change of heart, (3) implies that the person is proud of the balanced debate surrounding the government's decision making, ","questions":"What did the speaker say about the founders of the country?","answer":"proud"}
{"text":["You have done so many different types of music. You have done the Monkeys, you know. What's coming up next for you?I don't know if you've already started work on another album or thought about it, but what direction do you think you're heading in next?","I have no idea. I really don't. I'm still very much inside of this project because you don't leave it just because you finish recording it. You have to begin to think about how to create the live performance of it. So that's a whole other dimension. And so you have to live with this music.","And I always say that the music always ends up so much broader than what you have on the recording because the recording represents the beginning. And once you go out on the road and you play it, and of course, each night, you're going to try to do something different with it, so it just grows and grows and grows until it's time for the next project.","Well, Cassandra Wilson, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is still focused on the current project and has not thought about the next album yet.","questions":"How is PersonB's focus regarding the next album?","answer":"album"}
{"text":["And the damage that has been done and that has been wrought does not appear to be facing any kind of true reconciliation or any kind of true reckoning. There's a lack of justice. There's a lack of accountability. And there's the presence of an incredible amount of impunity.","Well, take me into Syria. What are people feeling there now after these eight long years?","You know, it really depends on where you're situated and how you're situated. And a lot of Syrians are now outside of Syria. I, myself, haven't been back since 2013.","I think people right now are in a place of absolute exhaustion, whether they're, you know, see themselves as amongst the victors or not. It took an incredible toll. And the death and the destruction, as you've noted, is incredible."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He does not go into Syria, just told what is happening there.","questions":"How does PersonA describe their personal experience in Syria?","answer":"Outside"}
{"text":["Oh, gosh. Mr.  Lamason, do we know why the whales do this?","We don't know. And there's a lot of theories around. But if you had to design a piece of landscape to capture whales, Golden Bay is pretty much perfect. It's a - quite a closed-in bay. It's got this large spit sweeping around, and the seabed out from there is very shallow for quite some kilometers. And there's a great chance that these whales were coming in here to feed and have made a poor choice about how close they can get in.","And is there anything human beings can or should do to try and help the whales?","Yeah, that's an interesting question. When these whales die, they actually initiate an ecosystem around them and it brings in a lot of wildlife that wouldn't necessarily be around. So people are saying, well, why don't you get out there and stop them stranding in the first place?Well, as I mentioned earlier, they're relying on this area for food. It'll be a little bit like closing the supermarket because you're worried about the shelves falling on people. They need to get in there. And if some of them die, well, that is - that's very sad. But also, there's a lot of other animals that make - you know, take advantage of their carcasses as well. So it's a - it's an interesting question."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) Implies that there may be something that people can do to prevent the whales from stranding,","questions":"How do the whales initiate an ecosystem when they die?","answer":"Ecosystem"}
{"text":["European companies and the European Union recognize that the dominance of the dollar in international trading gives the United States very considerable power. And I believe that the Iran episode is going to be a turning point. It will show Russia, China, India, the European Union the value of building up alternative mechanisms for concluding international trade that do not use the dollar in any shape or form.","So I think the United States is set maybe to use their excessive power on this occasion but, over the long term, to lose power. And I think that's right. It should be my country that decides what is lawful trade with any other country not the United States. And the United States' use of its dominance in international trading is totally intolerable when it seeks to place U. S.  law above the law of my country as to what my businessmen can do.","That's Sir Richard Dalton, former British diplomat now president of the British Iranian Chamber of Commerce. Thank you for speaking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The dominance of the dollar gives the US considerable power in international trade.","questions":"What does the US have in international trade?","answer":"dominance"}
{"text":["Well, actually, there are several sets of defendants. In the case of the manufacturers, the claim is that they created, through fraudulent means, a demand for opioids in the case of chronic pain, which was not the practice prior to their efforts.","And you said there's other targets of lawsuits.","Yes. The distributors and the retail sellers have also been sued. Where they have gotten into trouble is that they haven't monitored suspicious orders. And there have been cases where literally millions of doses have been shipped to small communities, clearly in excess of any legitimate demand.","If the federal government brings its own lawsuit against these companies as President Trump has called for this week - is that just going to duplicate what states and localities are doing?Or does the federal government have a different role here?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The manufacturers fraudulently created a demand for opioids in chronic pain cases, which was not present before their efforts.","questions":"How did the manufacturers contribute to the increase in demand for opioids?","answer":"Fraudulently"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, that is the thing in this country. I mean, I know America quite well. And I think we have to reverse the absolute mirror image of the broadcasting and newspaper. When the debate was around about the beginning of this year about fake news, there was a lot of discussion about how, in this country, people are kind of used to fake news because - not that the newspapers are fictional, but they do take a slant on some stories. But the television media here, in particular, and the radio has been regulated to be unbiased and impartial since broadcasting began in the 1930s.","Some here in America would view this as an agency of thought police. Is there pushback against Ofcom in the United Kingdom?","There have been periods of incredibly busy activity from Ofcom. Recently, they have been turning quite a few complaints across to us and other broadcasters. That is not a reflection of Ofcom. That's a reflection of people who write to Ofcom. They're only making decisions if viewers complain. But it's not a form of thought police. It's a form of being objective. I think viewers in this country expect the television and radio broadcasting to be unbiased, accurate and impartial. And so that is enshrined in law. It's an expectation. And when they feel that the standards of broadcasting have dropped below that, they complain to Ofcom, and then Ofcom investigates us.","Ben De Pear is the editor of Channel 4 News. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"take a slant on some stories\" - the literal meaning of this phrase would be to physically tilt or lean on stories, but the actual meaning is that newspapers present stories from a particular point of view or bias.","questions":"What is the meaning of the phrase \"take a slant on some stories\"?","answer":"bias"}
{"text":["That's fantastic. As you looked around, though, people might say, don't your teammates get a little jealous?Might they want to take a shot every once in a while?","Yeah. I mean, it was really cool. My shots were falling in the first half, and they kept feeding me the ball. And at half-time, I had 58 points and my teammates were more ecstatic. And they were so happy for me, and they said they were going to keep feeding me the ball. And so I couldn't ask for better teammates, how unselfish and willing they were to continue to give me the ball. And after the game, they were just as happy, if not more happy, than I was that a record was broken.","I wanted to read you a quote. You may have seen it already from Kobe Bryant who said, \"That's crazy, man. I don't care what level you're at. Scoring 138 points is pretty insane. He added, \"he must have been wearing the Mambas. Only the Mambas can have no conscience to shoot the ball that much. \"The Mambas, as you know I'm sure, is the name of Kobe Bryant's shoe.","Yeah. Yeah. Kobe's - he was my favorite player growing up. So to hear him talk about my game was pretty cool.","No conscience though?Is that - that's the scorer's mentality?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Teammates might be jealous that you score too much","questions":"How might some people feel about the scorer's mentality?","answer":"Insane."}
{"text":["Well, when I was in Durban, I spoke to an Ethiopian shopkeeper who had lost everything. His shop was broken into and it was ransacked. There was pretty much nothing left on the shelves. And it looked that someone tried to even torch the shop. But the shop belongs to a South African landlord. He was renting the shop out to the Ethiopian man. And there are many stories like that across KwaZulu Natal, which is where you'll find Durban, on the east coast of South Africa.","But there was considerable violence, and not just to property, but also to people?","Very much so. Five people died in the last two weeks, including two South Africans, might I say, who were killed during the violence. The South African mobs and looters had gone to shop after shop, which were owned by migrants - African migrants. And they looted them and they were taunting them, telling them that they're taking their jobs and their economic opportunities, they must go back to where they come from.","Is there something that the government can do to stop this happening?Like, for example, institute something that happens in a lot of industrial countries - a minimum wage, for example?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Could the government do something to prevent this from happening, such as introducing a minimum wage?","questions":"How did the government respond to the violence towards African migrants in Durban?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["It probably had more to do with Moore - Roy Moore - and his unique trainload of baggage. But it's still hard not to compare it to what happened back in 2010 when Scott Brown was elected in Massachusetts, taking Teddy Kennedy's seat. And this was at about the same point in President Obama's first term.","That really changed the mood on Capitol Hill. It did not stop the passage of Obamacare, but it signaled a big turnover in Congress in the next elections. And we could be heading into a correction here in the other direction under President Trump.","NPR's Ron Elving. Thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) implies politeness and acknowledgement,  (4) implies that the conversation is continuing.","questions":"Which turn implies that the speaker is familiar with NPR's Ron Elving?","answer":"Three"}
{"text":["Yeah. Let's move back into the beltway for a moment. How are Republican lawmakers responding?They've got their own business to focus on right now, and this Comey story can't help.","No. In private, they are really gnashing their teeth. Some of them worry about Trump's stability. They - off the record, they'll call him prickly and emotional and undisciplined. They feel that everything he did this week is hurting their ability to focus on health care and taxes and the economy and jobs. They're worried that it's going to depress Republican candidate recruitment and help Democrats. But - this is important - publicly, they are standing with him. And only a small handful of Republicans have come out in support of a special prosecutor or a select committee to look into Russian meddling.","All right, there's no disputing that the FBI director serves at the pleasure of the president. So if this isn't a legal issue, the dismissal of Comey, then what is it?","Well, that's right. Legally, President Trump has the right to fire the FBI director for any reason or no reason at all. Whether this amounts to obstruction of justice is not clear. But there is a reason that, although there is no law requiring this, presidents have always upheld the norm of making sure that federal law enforcement is supposed to be independent. And that's why the FBI director gets a 10-year term. That's why presidents usually take care not to give even the appearance of interference in an FBI investigation, especially one relating to their own campaign."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : gnashing their teeth implies they are very unhappy about it","questions":"What are some adjectives used by Republican lawmakers to describe Trump off the record?","answer":"prickly,emotional,undisciplined"}
{"text":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning different from the literal meaning is:  \"Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.\"  The literal meaning of this sentence is that the president's behavior or reactions were influenced either by a sense of recompense or by the impact of the Vegas shooting. However, the implied meaning is that the president's display of empathy during this time was seen as genuine and uncharacteristic compared to his previous actions or statements since he assumed office.","questions":"How was the president's display of empathy in Las Vegas described?","answer":"Genuine"}
{"text":["Duane, why don't you describe to us some of the work that you did with actual cases when you were at the California Department of Justice?I mean, what was your job, literally and physically?","Literally, I went to the scene of the crime. I was often the one who collected all the evidence. I also did photography of the crime scene. I did not do fingerprints. There was usually a technician who did that. Back at the laboratory, I would take all that evidence that I collected and inventoried, and I would begin a systematic investigation of that.","As an example, one case in the middle of my career was a triple homicide, and it was a great case from the physical-evidence standpoint. There was bullets. There was blood. There was saliva on cigarette butts. There was hair. There was soil. And I got to basically do it all. And what was really interesting is I presented all these evidence to the jury, laid out a scenario for the crime.","And during the time I was testifying, the defendant called his girlfriend and confessed the crime to her, and then threatened her with death if she ever talked. Well, five minutes later, she called the DA and told the DA about the confession. And she came in to testify at that point, and what she testified to was basically what I had testified to from the physical-evidence standpoint."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : None of the turns in this statement have a figurative or non-literal meaning. The speaker is describing a specific case they worked on and their role in collecting and analyzing physical evidence related to the crime.","questions":"How was the defendant caught?","answer":"Witness"}
{"text":["We got hit pretty hard with the recession. And when people aren't making money, they're not spending money.","And they're certainly not eating ice cream.","And they're not eating ice cream. So the more people make, the more they come down here and vacation from all over the world - general improving in the economy. I think there's a lot of confidence in the new administration that's in there. It seems like it's pro-small business, you know?There's a window manufacturer right next to where we're at, and they are swamped right now. And they say the same thing. It's, you know, people are confident. They're not holding onto their money. They're investing it in the economy.","May I ask you, did you vote for President Trump?","I didn't vote Democrat or Republican because I just - I'd had enough of the spatting back and forth. I'm prior military, so I support our president no matter who it is. But I didn't like the personalities of it, so I didn't vote for either one of those two.","Some of the owners that were surveyed were saying that there were some concerns - cost of health insurance, lack of qualified workers. Well, what are the things that you're concerned about right now that may hold back your business?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People aren't spending money due to the recession.","questions":"What are people not doing when they are hit with the recession?","answer":"Spending"}
{"text":[". . . a day. And. . .",". . . capsized on this catamaran. He's there with this guy called Rene Wassing, the Dutch anthropologist, and his last words are: I think I can make it.","I think I can make it. And he dove in and swam to shore, and was never seen again.","Now, you went to Asmat yourself. You are a writer who's worked in many countries, but you say this is 10,000 square miles of maybe one of the wildest places on earth.","Yeah. It's the southwest coast of what's now Indonesian Papua, was then Dutch New Guinea; and it is a swamp."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) A says that Asmat is \"maybe one of the wildest places on earth\", but the actual meaning is that Asmat is an extremely remote and dangerous place, rather than simply \"wild\" in the sense of being untamed or full of wildlife.","questions":"How does PersonA describe Asmat?","answer":"Dangerous"}
{"text":["Reptilian, exactly, and now we know that many species of dinosaurs had feathers or simple filaments that seem to be feather precursors in some cases.","Do your findings come from the relatively recent discovery that some dinosaurs had feathers?Is this sort of, like, the next step?","We are sort of taking the next. In the last 10 years, we've discovered that we can gain insight into the colors of dinosaurs and how they may have used visual signals in important contexts. And so what we wanted to ask is, can we gain insight into the vocal communication that extinct dinosaurs might have had?","Well, so what's next for you in your research?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the recent discoveries about feathers and filaments on certain species of dinosaurs have enabled us to gain a better understanding of their visual and vocal communication.","questions":"What type of communication are researchers trying to gain insight into for extinct dinosaurs?","answer":"communication"}
{"text":["Is your area of focus because you believe, you know, what's the old classic Willie Sutton line: why do you rob banks?'Cause that's where the money is.","I would say it's more where the need is. For many years, we had invested in pharmaceutical companies, some device companies. With the advent of the Internet, it was time to bring technology, information technology to health care. You know, hospital systems, payers, physicians' offices were really in the dark ages of technology. I mean, back then, we were literally just wiring up physicians with the Internet in order to get them online. And I think our view is that with better information and information sharing, there's a better coordination of care. If you think about patients which bounce around to different doctors and then have the same diagnostic tests repeated three times, that doesn't help the patient. That only adds cost to the system. And when you have miscommunications between hospital systems and physicians, then you have poor care.","Is - forgive me for putting it in a simplistic way - is health care the new real estate?","I do think there's more innovation and investment going into the area. Some of that will be unwise. It always is in venture capital. We're investing in early-stage companies. Do I think it's a bubble?No, I don't think it's a bubble. I think there are so many ways that we can improve health care delivery today that it's worth a tremendous amount of investment in systems and information to do so."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is using the phrase \"is health care the new real estate?\" as a metaphor to ask if health care is becoming a popular and lucrative investment opportunity, similar to how real estate was in the past.","questions":"How does the speaker use the phrase \"is health care the new real estate?\"","answer":"Popular"}
{"text":["When we say kids, how old are these kids?","We saw kids as young as 10 stealing cars. And the kids we spoke to that were older talked about getting involved around that age, around 10 or 11.","So once they get these cars, what do they do with them?","Well, so that's where the fact that they're juveniles really comes into play. When adults steal cars, it's often about, you know, sending them off to another continent or chopping them up for parts, making money.","When kids steal cars, they keep them on the streets. They're using them as toys. They're seeing how fast they can go - 160 miles per hour on the highway. They're driving the wrong way. They're chasing other friends in other stolen cars. In at least one case, we saw stolen cars used in a drive-by shooting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A: \"When kids steal cars, they keep them on the streets. They're using them as toys. They're seeing how fast they can go - 160 miles per hour on the highway. They're driving the wrong way. They're chasing other friends in other stolen cars. In at least one case, we saw stolen cars used in a drive-by shooting.\" - The literal meaning is that children who steal cars use them for joyriding and dangerous stunts. The actual meaning is that the behavior of juvenile car thieves is reckless and poses a threat to public safety.","questions":"What kind of activities are juvenile car thieves engaging in with the stolen cars?","answer":"Reckless"}
{"text":["You don't see anything problematic with the underlying facts - the fact that, according to the unclassified transcript released by the White House, immediately after the Ukrainian president talks about buying more Javelin missiles, the president is asking Zelenskiy to do him a favor, though - his words - and then he turns the conversation to investigating former Vice President Joe Biden and his son. You have no problem with that.","Yeah, that is not an accurate description of the transcript. I've read the transcript. I've read the whistleblower account. And in neither one of those documents is there something that appears to be high crimes and misdemeanors, which is what the Founding Fathers created the impeachment process to account for to begin with. It should only be used in extraordinary circumstances to impeach a president for high crimes and misdemeanors. I have yet to hear an account by any Democrat on Capitol Hill of where the high crimes and misdemeanors are found in the whistleblower account or the transcript.","OK.  That would be an interpretation of those facts, though. Just let me be very clear. I'm just reading from the transcript. I have it in front of me, and my rendering of it is entirely accurate. What we're talking about here is what the interpretation should be of that and isn't that what the inquiry is for?","Well, I would love to hear you read the part of the transcript that would indict the president of high crimes and misdemeanors. I mean, it's not there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They read the account from the person that made public the illegal deads of the government.","questions":"Which document did PersonA read to conclude that there were no high crimes and misdemeanors committed?","answer":"impeachment"}
{"text":["When you say that this law is intended to create a firewall around the state, do you think that this is where things are headed - where certain states will allow access to abortions and other states simply won't?","That's certainly my fear, and that was why this was so important to get passed before we adjourned. And, you know, ultimately, I've been working on this issue my entire adult life.","And I used to say, if Roe falls. And for the last year, I've been saying, when Roe falls. And it, frankly, still feels like a gut-punch every time I say it. But I think that there has been this very strategic and determined process by the other side to get cases into the pipeline that will ultimately lead to Roe falling.","Do you think that Democrats and people who support abortion rights have been outmaneuvered?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Pipeline here means the various people that need to know about it.","questions":"How does the speaker define \"pipeline\"?","answer":"Various"}
{"text":["Now, Steve, everything I've just said has a caveat. OK?As you'd mentioned, yesterday the administration lightened their touch and said American tech firms could keep engaging in existing business with Huawei until mid-August. That's presumably to give some transition or prep time.","Is it really possible that the administration could raise these alarms of Chinese spying through Huawei equipment - that's the scenario they put out - and then just let the business go on?","Sure. That's totally possible. And there would be a precedent for that. Last year, President Trump banned sales to another Chinese phone-maker, ZTE, also citing national security concerns. That basically brought China's president to the bargaining table. And then Trump announced ZTE would pay a billion-dollar fine to do business with America again. So you know, maybe - maybe - the Huawei ban is a move to create leverage. In the last couple of weeks, the Trump administration has increased tariffs on $60 billion worth of Chinese goods, too. China's responded and, you know, tensions are growing.","You have underlined for us how deeply engaged U. S.  companies are already with Huawei, whether it's a small rural phone provider here in the United States or service provider in the United States or whether it's Google operating in Europe. How are tech companies responding?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies the growing economic war between Trump administration and China.","questions":"What is the possible motive behind the ban on Huawei?","answer":"create"}
{"text":["It was absolute - you're absolutely correct. Our time is out, but I'm going to ask you about this before I let you go. Talking about perfect performances, two people strolled in to New York's Madison Square Garden and lit up the Knicks back to back, Kobe Bryant 61 on one night and LeBron James, I think, it was 52 the next night and a triple double.","All I can say is thank god for the Knicks.","And, you know what?And the Knicks are even actually better than they were before and then they still let people come in there and just spank them like crazy.","That's what we do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Two people came in and played a better game than the Knicks.","questions":"Which team did Kobe Bryant and LeBron James play against at Madison Square Garden?","answer":"Knicks"}
{"text":["Hey, Tony.","So, a recent New York Times article detailed Oprah Winfrey's growing influence, I should say, in Saudi Arabia, of all places. What's that about?","Well, yeah. \"The Oprah Show\" first broadcast in Saudi Arabia in November 2004, and it became an instant hit with women 25 and younger in that country, according to the Times. Now, the article reads, in a country where the sexes are separated, Ms.  Winfrey provides many young women with new ways of thinking without striking them, or Saudi Arabia's ruling authorities as subversive. So, you know, Oprah, love her or hate her, is always a flash point for conversation. And on our blog, Jessica writes, it's amazing to see a down to earth black woman from Mississippi appeal to so many different people here in the U. S.  and in other countries. Another reader named Zakita Jones(ph) says, I'm awed at how fast different forms of globalization are taking off and reaching other countries, but Candice James(ph) writes, Oprah works my last nerve. Saudi Arabia can have her!","Speaking of women's issues, another hot topic on our blog this week, women who are choosing to be single mothers. What's been the response?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Oprah Winfrey's popularity in Saudi Arabia is unexpected.","questions":"Which country did \"The Oprah Show\" first broadcast in November 2004 and become an instant hit with young women under 25?","answer":"SaudiArabia."}
{"text":["Yeah, I don't think there's been a response to it yet - not that I've seen. And I guess, you know, it puts a cloud on it. The special relationship was given a boost by the birth of Meghan's and Prince Harry's baby. And that was seen as sort of a good omen ahead of this visit, unfortunately, now is being, obviously, overshadowed by what Donald Trump has said. That may be a prelude to what he may say about other people here.","And I think the concern is that Donald Trump will use this and kind of abuse the invitation. He'll be given all the kind of welcome that he can expect in a royal visit. But is he going to return the favor, or is he going to bring up these tricky diplomatic issues, which are kind of flies in the ointment in the relationship as it currently stands?","So, Dominic, what I'm hearing from you is that there's a great deal of apprehension from the actual government that invited him. So is anything likely to come out of this trip that might be beneficial to the United Kingdom?","Well, if you talk to diplomats that - and their answer is that these state visits are hugely important. But in the background, there's a lot of sort of diplomatic nitty-gritty going on. There's a lot of business deals being made. And the hope is that this continues to cement that relationship, which we're told is greater than the sort of personal relationship currently in the heart of it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Cement\" is figurative, not literal. It refers to making the relationship healthy for a longer period of time.","questions":"How does the term \"cement\" in turn 3 refer to the relationship between the United Kingdom and the United States?","answer":"Healthy"}
{"text":["And, my gosh, you've had an interesting careers.","Well, I did science at school, largely, when I was a teenager and I became a doctor. I did five years medical school and became a doctor and was terrified for every single second of my medical career. I'd seemed to emerge from medical school with a qualification but nevertheless, I seemed to know nothing and was so scared and. . .","(Laughter) Forgive me, I'm so glad I didn't blunder into your practice.","Well, do you know, patients liked me 'cause I was really jolly and nice and what they didn't realize is they'd probably been much better off with some mumbling introvert who actually knew something. And in fact, I dreaded it. And my only happy day as a doctor was one sunny summer day where we got no admissions at all and I sat on the lawn outside the hospital and read \"The Longest Journey\" by E.  M.  Forster. That was the only happy day, and in the end, I didn't go back. And I thought, well, what could I do?I'm not qualified for anything else. I thought, the only thing I've done is comedy. And I applied for and got a job with BBC Light Entertainment in radio."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of euphemisms, understatement, or hyperbole may be intended to soften or intensify the impact of their words, or to convey a subtle subtext or implication.","questions":"What literary device did the speaker possibly use in their words?","answer":"soften"}
{"text":["Good morning, Ira.","Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?","Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth.","Rather, what we see is what you mentioned, an actual, probably recent, increase in intellectual ability. We know that our students are the brightest in generations. They score higher on tests than students ever have before. They take more complex courses earlier and accomplish more. So there's all these reasons to believe that at least recently what we see is an actual increase in intellectual ability."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Genetically-based decay in intelligence is extremely slow, we cannot detect it in existing generations.","questions":"Which ability has shown an actual increase recently according to A?","answer":"Intellectual"}
{"text":["My God, the gratitude will be endless.","Now it's interesting what you're saying because, you know, your writing is so rooted in the Dominican community of New Jersey, specifically New Jersey is a very, you know, specific group of people. And, you know, the character, Yunior, who you have written about in your books, he's a smart, nerdy, bookish kid who I always think is maybe a little bit like yourself.","And I wonder what it's like to grow up in that community as a bookish kid, as I imagine you were, and then suddenly get an award like this, suddenly be declared a genius, suddenly have the freedom to, as they say, explore whatever you want to explore. Tell me about that journey for you, that personal journey.","Well, I mean, it bears repeating. I'm an immigrant. My father was an undocumented immigrant. I come from a community, a Dominican community that's part of a larger Latino community. And listen, you don't have to be a particularly awake person to know that for the last couple years, immigrants, Latinos and folks who have anything to do with undocumented immigration, have been just demonized by our politicians."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is very grateful and thankful, but the gratitude is not actually endless","questions":"Which emotion is PersonA feeling despite expressing gratitude in turn 0?","answer":"Grateful"}
{"text":["Absolutely. I played hockey starting when I was 3, 4 years old, loved to go see the Canucks here in my hometown and, you know, certainly not only saw a lot of fights but kind of internalized the message that they were inherently good and valuable to the game of hockey.","And what happened that changed your view of the fighting?","So I went to a junior hockey game here in Vancouver. And it was just a regular night out with the boys, Friday night, drinking some beers, sat down in my seventh row seat. And it was one of those games where the gloves beat the puck to the ice. So there's a fight before the game even starts. And the crowd rises up around me. There's this guttural thunder. You hear it. And usually I would have been right there kind of cheering it along or not really paying it much mind.","But for some reason in that moment, I really zoned in on the two players' faces, and in that moment realized they're just children, and had to ask myself in that moment, what are we doing?We're 10,000 adults in a big room cheering for two kids to pulverize each other's faces. And I looked at the program, indeed - 16 and 17 years old. I've never been able to look at fighting the same since. But it would be a lie to say that there aren't a lot of people who are hockey fans who sincerely love this practice and this tradition."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person believed that fighting was good and valuable for hockey and normal.","questions":"What did PersonA internalize about fighting in hockey?","answer":"nice"}
{"text":["Californians who are terminally ill can now receive a prescription from their doctor for drugs that will end their life. The End Of Life Option Act passed last year went into effect this week. It allows people that two doctors have said have six months or less to live to receive drugs to end their lives as long as they're found to be mentally competent. The person receiving the drug must give it to themselves.","Lonny Shavelson is a physician and author who's been teaching doctors around the state. He's also started a practice devoted to people who want assistance to end their lives. Dr.  Shavelson joins us now from Berkeley. Thanks very much for being with us.","It's my pleasure. Thanks for having me.","What - and what kind of questions are doctors bringing to you?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) implies that Dr. Shavelson is happy to be invited and is expressing his gratitude.","questions":"Which emotion does Dr. Shavelson express towards being invited to the show?","answer":"Gratitude"}
{"text":["I do. Did you have to do a lot of reporting?","I did a lot of research. Of course, I'd - as I said, I went to see the monarchs and what that looks like. But I also did a lot of scientific research. I did - I read pretty much everything there is to be read about monarch butterfly migration, monarch parasites, monarch science. I've got all those journals on my desk in giant piles.","And I also - I sought out and gained the friendship of a very great scientist, Dr.  Lincoln Brower, who knows more about monarchs than anyone on the planet. And Dr.  Brower and his wife Dr.  Linda Fink were very helpful to me. You can imagine when I went to them to talk about this idea that I have some trepidation to go to a scientist and say, well, OK. I know that the species that you know everything about have never done this, but what if it did?You know, I didn't know if they. . .","Yeah. I can imagine."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : gained the friendship implies making connection and meeting new people ","questions":"What did Dr. Brower have more knowledge about than anyone else on the planet?","answer":"Monarchs"}
{"text":["Microfauna, can't get enough.","Microflora and fauna.","That's right.","Excuse me, I just thought of - wow, and was this something he started out to do, I mean, as a scientist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The living conditions of workers are terrible and lack privacy and basic necessities","questions":"What is lacking in the living conditions?","answer":"Privacy"}
{"text":["I think one of the reasons, Tony, that we're seeing so of many of these come to light has, really, nothing to do with the fact that people are being - that this is happening more often so much as it is the fact that people are just paying attention to it more. You know, you watch the news and somebody says, oh, there's a stolen car ring. Now, all of a sudden, everybody's watching for people breaking into cars. Well, people break into cars every day. But when you hear about it on the news, people start paying attention.","There have always been Ponzi schemes. This is not new. This has been going on forever. It has been happening to investors. It'll continue to go on, but we're just aware of because the Madoff scandal was so large and so visible.","You know, it's funny. I was listening to your description of the Ponzi scheme - as our time is running out - and I couldn't help but think that there must be somebody listening to your description who is saying, wow, the stimulus package, that sounds like a Ponzi scheme to me.","The government covering its own losses by printing more money back, which covers losses in which it prints more money. Hey, you know, you could make that - I'm not going to make that argument, but somebody might."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : News coverage can cause people to pay more attention to things that were happening anyway.","questions":"How can news affect people's attention?","answer":"More."}
{"text":["Aw. We mentioned that you worked for President George W.  Bush, who advised John McCain. In your circle of friends, people there at the Hoover Institution - without violating any any confidences - your friends and colleagues - is your opinion widely held or are people who ordinarily would support the Republican candidate talking about voting for Hillary Clinton?","I think this is a real time of crisis for Republicans. It's hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Donald Trump. And it's very hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Hillary Clinton. In fact, I would have indulged the luxury of writing in one of my terrific nephews for president if I hadn't seen that the polls during the British referendum were off by 12 points. And my concern that (inaudible) be accurate, and everybody's vote's actually going to count this election.","Kori Schake is a research fellow at the Hoover Institution. She joined us by Skype. Thanks very much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"It's hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Donald Trump.\" This turn is an example of figurative language, where the word \"hard\" is used to express the idea of difficulty or reluctance. The literal meaning of \"hard\" is related to physical or tangible things, but in this context, it's used to convey an abstract concept.","questions":"How is the word \"hard\" used in the dialogue?","answer":"Difficulty"}
{"text":["And eventually the crowd around him - the crowd of press, kind of got a little bigger. And he sort of looked around and said, maybe this is not something I should be laughing about because, you know, we are in a different age.","Mark, I've got to tell you - this is why I watch the Super Bowl, but I can't watch football during the regular season. It is hard for me to look at those talented athletes and think half of them, if not more, are going to wind up being permanently damaged by what I'm watching them do on the field.","I will tell you, Scott, that the National Football League is very worried about the likes of you and people like you, of which there are many, who are taking a more closer moral look at what they're watching. I mean, football, for many years, has been the great spectacle of American life. Every year, it's, like, 70 or 75 of the most watched television shows in America are almost always football games. We love football.","Having said that, there are a lot more people, and it happens every year. And you have research that comes out every week, it seems, and testimonials from retired players and researched brains from dead players that tell us a little bit more. And as we get smarter, I think the league, you know, has to try to keep up with some kind of rule changes and equipment changes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Watching football is difficult because of the risk of players being permanently damaged.","questions":"Which sport raises concerns about the well-being of players?","answer":"Football"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, since the first century, it becomes sort of the core element of Christian prayer. Obviously, there's a huge amount of diversity today among different groups of Christians and in antiquity. Likewise, there is a huge amount of variation. But in the Gospel of Matthew and in the Gospel of Luke, it's used to teach Jesus's followers the right way of praying - sort of the model for prayer.","And so why is it that the pope is supportive of the change?I do want to note that it's not that he wrote it. It was approved by the - maybe he did. I don't know. But it was approved by the General Assembly of the Episcopal Conference of Italy last month, and the pope has approved it. But I do understand that he said back in 2017 that he thought the wording should be altered. Why is that?What does he think this new wording does that the old one did not?","Well, the old wording - lead us not into temptation - can imply that God has some hand in leading people into sin or allowing people to sin or tempting them. And so I think the pope is uncomfortable with that idea, which is fair enough.","And now to your view of it because you are an expert in, among other things, the Greek New Testament. So tell me your concern - or is it an objection to it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : When A says 'there's a huge amount of diversity today among different groups of Christians and in antiquity', they mean that different groups of Christians have different prayer practices.","questions":"Which gospel teaches Jesus's followers the right way of praying?","answer":"Luke"}
{"text":["That was where I really developed my love for music. That was where all the walls and lines between music were just taken down for me when I was a kid because I just loved everything. I couldn't understand why everybody wouldn't listen to a country song, everybody wasn't listening to, you know, Rock n Rolls songs. I thought it was awesome.","Radio's gotten a lot more segregated since then, hasn't it?","Yeah. That's an understatement. I mean, the - today everything is so specialty oriented. It's one kind of music and that's all you get to hear on the radio and, you know, I liked it when I was a kid and you could hear anybody on the radio station as long as it was a good song or a hit.","So you go - you're in Hootie & the Blowfish, you have any number of talents and interests musically. \"Learn To Live\" is doing so well commercially. Your R&B record did not find quite the same home."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : LOVE FOR MUSIC AND RADIO HELPS MORE TO HEAR MUSIC LIKE COUNTRYSIDE MUSIC","questions":"Which record?","answer":"R&B"}
{"text":["She let you know.","She let me know, I know. She was born with a perfectly normal heart. So for a whole variety of reasons, it was really special to meet her. You know, going through IVF, it's a very planned and purposeful pregnancy. Like, you're really (laughter) we really had to be committed to the idea that we wanted to be parents. So we're really happy it worked out the way it did.","You know, you reached out. What did you want people to know from your story?","Yeah. That's a good question. I've been asking myself because I haven't talked about my infertility experience very often. But I just had this impulse. There's a lot of taboos around infertility. There's a lot of taboos around talking about being a new mother in any other way besides in glowing terms. And now that I am a new mom and I'm working with other new families, I realize how stressful it is and how normal it is. In the event that someone out there can relate, that's what would be my hope."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"You know, going through IVF, it's a very planned and purposeful pregnancy\" - The literal meaning is that the pregnancy was a result of in vitro fertilization (IVF) which is a planned and purposeful process. The actual meaning is that the process of going through IVF is challenging and requires a strong commitment to the idea of becoming parents.","questions":"What process did the speaker go through to conceive?","answer":"Commitment"}
{"text":["Michael Ben-Ari is his name. He has had links to the outlawed Kahane movement, which calls for expelling Palestinians. And the Supreme Court disqualified him from running in elections because of his racist statements against Arabs. His far-right party is called the Jewish Strength or the Jewish Power party, and it is still running in elections.","Oh. So this one candidate is gone, but that party is still there. Now, how does that affect Benjamin Netanyahu who you wouldn't describe necessarily as far-right but he is absolutely on the right side of the spectrum?","This actually could help Netanyahu in the polls. He has been seen as legitimizing this far-right party. He recently brokered a deal to merge the party with others on the right wing to consolidate votes and to help him win elections. His base is very fired up about the fact that this far-right candidate has been disqualified but that an Arab party is being allowed to run.","Oh, well let's talk about that very briefly, if we can, because we've heard some headlines to that effect - people on the right saying if you elect this center-left coalition, it's going to bring Arabs to power. In what way, if at all, is that true?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at a deeper or hidden motive or intention behind their actions or words.","questions":"What is the speaker implying in turn 3?","answer":"Motive"}
{"text":["And this could sound obvious, and this could sound like a no-brainer. But the reality in Mexico is that whenever a journalist is killed, investigators - their first reaction is to always try to find a motive that is not related to journalistic work. So they find any other motive - economic motive or maybe a passion motive, anything except journalistic work because they don't want to admit that they have a problem of press freedom in their hands. But I think in this case it is really obvious why Javier Valdez was killed.","Yeah. This is going to sound naive. But why do you think it's important to do stories like that?I mean, drug cartels - people often prefer just to look the other way - don't they?","Well, yes. But if you don't report on them, then nobody else will. And it is not just the stories about the drug cartels. It is the stories about the consequences that they are unleashing in Mexican public life in every level. I live in a city that, for years, was the turf in a turf war between two drug cartels. And the effects of the violence that they unleashed was devastating for the city because investment never came in. Jobs were not created. Nightlife shut down. People stopped going out on the street. We all started to distrust from one another. Neighborhoods began putting up gates and fences, and so it was really disruptive.","Your newspaper was attacked, wasn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"people often prefer just to look the other way\" - the literal meaning is to physically look in another direction, but the actual meaning is to ignore or avoid confronting a difficult or uncomfortable situation.","questions":"What is the actual meaning of \"people often prefer just to look the other way\"?","answer":"Ignore"}
{"text":["The opposition and outrage over families seeking asylum being separated from their children at the border of the United States broke open this week. Laura Bush said, our government should not be in the business of warehousing children in converted box stores. President Trump did what he said he couldn't - sign an executive order to stop separations. But how long will that hold, and what will happen with those families who've already been separated?","Erika Pinheiro is an immigration lawyer with a group called Al Otro Lado, the other side. She joins us from Tijuana. Thanks for being with us.","Thanks for having me.","Have you seen a case where parents have been reunited in the United States?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The government of the United States is treating families seeking asylum inhumanely.","questions":"What is the opposition over families seeking asylum at the border of the United States?","answer":"Outrage"}
{"text":["One of the things that we're looking at is how multicultural Houston is and how many different types of communities live here. Have you seen that change over time?","Yeah, it's become more diverse - more ethnic restaurants coming in onto the scene, more Vietnamese restaurants, more Arabic restaurants, more Japanese restaurants, more Chinese restaurants. Besides that, there has been a great influx of Indian and Pakistani population. So yes, things have changed. One thing hasn't changed. I still don't like sloppy Joes.","(Laughter).","You know.","I hear that you're thinking of retiring."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They mention more diverse as in different cuisines as the narrator points out. ","questions":"Which aspect of Houston is discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Multiculturalism."}
{"text":["Yeah?","But that was one that you know, through all the red tape, it actually made it to the record.","So, from an audience standpoint, Miles Davis, it was crazy to see him in the '80s. You know, back to the audience, head down, blow a couple of notes, walk off stage for half hour and come back. What was it like working with him during that time?","Well, during the '80s I think he was passed that. I think it was more like that in the '60s. In the '80s, he was very open. I mean, he was a good friend to me. I spent a lot of personal time with him, you know, at his house and just chatting, and he would paint, you know, and we would just hang out, man. I spent a lot of quality time with him, you know.","You also are into blues, obviously. \"The Good Girl Blues\" that was the last CD. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Discussing the difficulties to get something done despite bureaucracy","questions":"Which record?","answer":"a"}
{"text":["I find it interesting that the thing that I think is their signature model, which is the pinching effect, they didn't care about or seem to want to protect that.","It was - so the pinch to zoom, it's something that they've litigated with HTC against, I believe, in the past. They were using - they had a handful of other different user interface features. There's one, double-tap to zoom, so when you double-tap, say, a little article on the New York Times homepage, it'll, you know, expand to take up the full screen.","And that was in the core - the jury agreed that was something they owned.","Correct."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Apple did not protect the feature that is most associated with their product.","questions":"What is the signature model of Apple?","answer":"Pinching"}
{"text":["Thank you very much for having me.","And let me begin with the set up for a very old joke: How hot is it?","It's so hot, it's not a joke. That's how hot it is. It's - people always - people come out to me, though, and they ask me - since I've been here, they go, well, you must be used to this, right?I mean, you're from Africa. So, I mean, this must be - no, no. No, this is not weather. This is - I'm used to weather. This is an oven, and I'm not enjoying it. It's very hot. So barely surviving, but I'm glad to be here.","You are wearing a t-shirt that has the words nah mean(ph)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone ","questions":"What does the phrase \"having me\" imply?","answer":"Engaging"}
{"text":["So when we are forced to cut, we have to decide which is the best way to do it. We can do a shallow cut, like 10 percent 20 percent of the full ration. Or we can do a deep cut if we think the contributions will not be coming in anytime soon. The difficulty with doing a deep cut is that over the longer period, of course, people will become malnourished. Their immune systems will be suppressed. And if the cuts continue, or they're getting absolutely no food from WFP, inevitably, over time, they will fall sick. And, ultimately, many people will perish.","So - I mean, forgive me. It's one thing to make appealing ads that people are in danger of starving to death. What you're saying now is, because there's a crunch for aid, people are in danger of dying slowly.","That's what, in the end, will happen to the most vulnerable. It's the women and the children who will go first. The difficulty about the situation confronting us in 2018, however, is that it comes on the heels of 2017, when the world really pulled itself together, and our donors and donors for other organizations stepped up and provided a lot of funding because we were facing what was said to be the greatest humanitarian needs. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) is the same as its literal meaning, which is explaining the decision-making process behind cutting rations in a situation where there is a shortage of aid.","questions":"What is the danger that people are in due to the crunch for aid mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Dying"}
{"text":["Where are you right now?","I'm in Columbia, South Carolina.","Now you evacuated on Saturday. Was that because it was mandatory or did you make up your own mind?","I made up my own mind. I figured that at some point it would turn into a mandatory evacuation and I wanted to get ahead of the traffic."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A evacuated on their own accord to avoid traffic.","questions":"Which reason prompted PersonA to evacuate?","answer":"traffic"}
{"text":["Oh, no.","And I realized that she was checking to make sure it wasn't poisoned. It's the first time I ever lost it. And I found myself just talking through my teeth, saying, you know what?I don't give mind games, and I don't take them. You can take this coffee and drink it or you can throw it in the pot. And then she said to me, oh, honey. It was like she had to hear me at the edge of my capacity to believe it was me. And then she said, oh, honey, the fix I'm in, I can't trust the Lord Jesus Christ right now.","Oh.","I said, Nana, the fix you're in, you really can't trust anybody else (laughter). Like, this - it's not a fix."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"I can't trust the Lord Jesus Christ right now\" implies that A is in a serious situation and cannot trust anyone, which is not a good thing.","questions":"Which character's grandmother said, \"Oh, honey, the fix I'm in, I can't trust the Lord Jesus Christ right now\"?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["They won't be in the wild, as I understand. It's still under human care but in different circumstances?","Yeah, they'll be in a setting that is, as closely as possible, approximates the natural conditions where dolphins typically live, i. e. , natural seawater, in the ocean, in a setting that has vegetated shorelines and natural bottoms and organisms, you know, plants and animals that would otherwise be found there. But they will be under human care for most likely their entire lives, yes.","Do you anticipate adjustment problems?The aquarium, I guess, is the only home they've ever really known.","They have all known - either all or very - the lion's share of their lives in this kind of setting. And it will be a completely new experience for them. So they need to go through a lot of acclamation, both behaviorally and physiologically, in order to make this transition successfully."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implications in (3) is that the dolphins may have trouble adjusting to the new environment due to them being used to living in aquariums.","questions":"What is the potential challenge for the dolphins in adjusting to their new environment?","answer":"problems"}
{"text":["Whichever direction the U. S.  is going, it's clearly not great news for the Europeans, who Iran is very close to their borders. It's just next door in the Middle East. And we've seen what happens in the Middle East doesn't tend to stay there and has direct consequences for the Europeans. So the Europeans have been trying to urge, sadly, unsuccessfully so far, for the U. S.  side to show a bit more pragmatism and realism about what it's expecting from Iran.","At the same time, you have said that Iran knows all the, quote, \"red buttons. \"Can you talk about what that means and how that can contribute to escalation?","Iran has essentially been living as a neighbor to the United States, if you think about it, for 20 years. Why?Since the invasion of Afghanistan and the invasion of Iraq, which are two big, bordering countries to Iran. . .","Where there is an American troop presence."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Middle East conflicts have a spillover effect on Europe.","questions":"What has been the European response to the U.S. approach towards Iran?","answer":"urge"}
{"text":["Yeah. In 1970, the big focus was on pollution. I mean, it was \"Silent Spring\" with - in 1962 that had triggered the evolution and formation of the modern environmental movement, and that was pollution-oriented. And, well, we've seen since then is a shift to focus on environmental support systems, like the natural systems, like the forests and grasslands and fisheries and so forth, and what's happening to them. And now, of course, climate change is on the issue, and water has become a major issue.","These were not on the agenda in 1970. At that time, it was largely a focus on pollution, and that was at the time when the Cuyahoga River in Cleveland caught fire because there was so much oil and other combustible material there. So it was pollution. Now, it's many things.","It was just a couple of months after that first Earth Day, Congress authorized the creation of the EPA, a federal agency that regulates environmental regulations. The EPA has, of course, become - gone from an agency created with great bipartisan support to one of the most partisan ideas in government.","Yeah. I think the - as I recall, the first head might have been Russell Train. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : not a physical head, like a head from a body, but the  person in charge of something, the leader of something","questions":"What kind of head was Russell Train?","answer":"Unclear"}
{"text":["President Obama says he wants to close the U. S.  detention center at Guantanamo Bay during his final year in office, just as he said he wanted to close it his first year, too. The president and his supporters say Republicans in Congress prevented him from doing that. But a new book presents original essays from 14 lawyers who represented some of the detainees, and many of those attorneys hold the Obama administration responsible, too.","They say that once in power, the administration found it convenient to have a place in which to park people it suspects of being terrorists without charge or trial. Reportedly, there are now about 80 detainees in Guantanamo. The book is \"Obama's Guantanamo: Stories From An Enduring Prison. \"It's edited by Jonathan Hafetz associate professor of law at Seton Hall. He joins us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us.","Great to be here.","Seems to be a lot of disappointment and even some anger in this book."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that the book contains criticisms and negative opinions about the Obama administration's handling of Guantanamo Bay detainees.","questions":"What is the tone of the book \"Obama's Guantanamo: Stories From An Enduring Prison\"?","answer":"criticisms"}
{"text":["Absolutely. So what the defense may try to do is say, what we're dealing with here is a criminal, a dishonest individual from start to finish. He is being sponsored - his testimony is being sponsored by the government. But you can't trust him. After all, look at all the things he's done. He's stolen, in fact, not only from others but from his own business associate, Mr.  Manafort.","And he gets some kind of consideration for testifying - immunity, right?","Well, what he gets is. . .","Maybe not absolute immunity, but OK, go ahead."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The witness is unreliable because he's a criminal and has stolen. The government is giving him some kind of benefit in exchange for his testimony.","questions":"What benefit is the witness receiving for their testimony?","answer":"Benefit"}
{"text":["They're very abstract. I talked with Heather Heckman, who's at the University of South Carolina Libraries, and they loaned us some of this Vishniac footage. And she was, like, it's almost like avant-garde film because, you know, you look at these oyster larvae pulsating, and you don't know what they are. They're just - but it's really beautiful.","So we talked - so we learn about Vishniac and also sort of figure out how things have changed since the '50s, '60s and '70s, which is when he was doing his work. And we spoke with Wim van Egmond, who's this Dutch photographer who wins all these Nikon Small Worlds contests. I think people who follow this will know his name. But he makes these beautiful, microscopic videos and videos through the microscope and photos, too.","And they're all one-celled creatures?","Not all of them."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"figure out how things have changed\" - this is a figurative expression meaning to understand how the field of microscopy has advanced and evolved since the time of Vishniac's work, rather than a literal physical measurement of change.","questions":"How did PersonA describe Vishniac's footage?","answer":"Unconventional"}
{"text":["Here to tell us more about that report is the vice chair of the commission, former senator from Missouri, Jim Talent. Welcome to the program, sir. And if you could tell us a bit about this report. It states that the biological threat to this country is greater than the nuclear one. What sort of biological threat are we talking about?","Well, people normally think in terms of like Anthrax, and that's the most visible potential pathogen. There's others that could be used, smallpox, for example. And one of the dangers is that, with DNA synthesizers that are available and dual-use technology all over the world, it's becoming increasingly easy to isolate pathogens, old or new. It's technologically easier to weaponize.","Can you tell me a little bit about how you conducted the research for this report?","We're a follow onto the 9\/11 commission, congressionally created, bipartisan. The report was unanimous, and we interviewed hundreds of people who travel all over the world, everywhere from the national labs in Sandia, to London, to Asia, to Russia interviewing people.","And then we all, each of us on the commission, has experience in this area as well. And what Congress wanted was an update on the assessment of the threat and then recommendations about what can be done to reduce it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The biological threat to the country is a serious concern due to the availability of DNA synthesizers and dual-use technology","questions":"How is the biological threat to the country becoming increasingly easier to weaponize?","answer":"Technology"}
{"text":["The New York Mets lost 7 to 1 to the Milwaukee Brewers on Wednesday, but the real loser was their mascot, Mr.  Met. Mr.  Met has a huge white baseball of a head dappled with red stitching and embellished with a perpetual grin.","But as he left the playing field Wednesday night, Mr.  Met flipped a middle finger to a group of fans who posted it on Twitter - busted, Mr.  Met. The club apologized, and the team employee in the Mr.  Met costume that night has reportedly not returned. There were reports that fans heckled him, which fans deny.","The Mr.  Mets middle finger controversy poses a physical and philosophical question. Mr.  Met has four fingers on each hand. How can you say that any of them is a middle finger?Anyway, flipping the bird in New York, isn't that just how they say good morning in Queens?","(Singing) Well, everybody's heard about the bird - bird, bird, bird, the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, don't you know about the bird?Well, everybody knows that the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, the bird's the word. . ."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) The real meaning of the statement is that despite the fans denying that they heckled Mr. Met, the mascot was still held accountable for his actions and the team employee in the costume has not returned.","questions":"How many fingers does Mr. Met have?","answer":"Four"}
{"text":["So actually - so there have been many deaths from throwing events in track and field, but the javelin does not take up quite as many of those as the shot and disc do. Yeah, there are some pretty gruesome scenes when talking about the javelin injuries. And obviously, you know, getting impaled by a spear is not that good (laughter). But it's far less common than you might think.","So you're writing this paper which you hope will lead to getting the javelin reinstated as a sport. How do you think that'll work?What's going to be in your paper?","Well, there's a lot of things. You know, I think the biggest concerns that coaches have with implementing the event have to do with the injuries due to the javelin hitting somebody. You know, so I'll have to address that and the actual statistics behind it.","But really it's going to be more of a guide on how to implement the javelin and why it's better that it's included as an event in high school track here than not because, you know, I feel like it's just a great opportunity that everybody should have because I was lucky enough to find it through club track. And, you know, my life would be a lot different if I hadn't."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In (3), when A says \"I'll have to address that and the actual statistics behind it,\" the literal meaning would be that A will simply mention the statistics related to injuries caused by the javelin hitting someone. However, the implied meaning is that A will need to address the concerns of coaches regarding the safety of the javelin event and provide evidence to support the claim that the sport can be implemented safely.","questions":"How will PersonA address the concerns of coaches regarding the safety of the javelin event in their paper?","answer":"Concerns"}
{"text":["As the 2018 NFL season begins, professional football is still the most popular spectator sport in America. But it's declined 10 percent in viewership last year and is beset with tough questions about how the game destroys players while it earns billions of dollars and a continuing controversy over players demonstrating their social and political concerns during the national anthem. A sport once considered a source of national unity now inspires divisions.","Mark Leibovich, The New York Times Magazine correspondent who got the goods on official Washington, D. C. , in his bestselling \"This Town,\" has turned his attention to the National Football League - his new book, \"Big Game: The NFL In Dangerous Times. \"He's in our studios. Mark, thanks so much for being with us.","Good to be here, Scott.","I have to ask you a hard news question first. An arbitrator ruled this week Colin Kaepernick's grievance against NFL owners could go to trial. He says NFL owners have been colluding to keep him out of the game. Does this case have what I'll call Mueller-like potential?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Professional football is still popular, but it has declined in viewership and raised concerns over players' safety and political protests.","questions":"How has professional football been affected in terms of viewership and controversies?","answer":"Viewership"}
{"text":["Just quickly, do you think the president will stay on message when he announces this this afternoon?","Well, if past is prologue, often, he gets off message or does not stick to the script. But sometimes, in the Rose Garden, he sticks to those teleprompters. So, you know, you never know. But he certainly has a lot of ideas about immigration.","NPR's Tamara Keith.","Thanks, Tam."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president sometimes goes off script during announcements, but sometimes sticks to teleprompters.","questions":"How does the president deliver his message?","answer":"Offscript"}
{"text":["Only 34 percent of the voters went to the polls this week. Isn't that usually the kind of election in which a well-financed campaign with a good ground campaign is supposed to win?","That's the way it's been rigged for years. For years, the reason Chicago had a municipal election - not a primary - and put it in February when people were too frozen to leave their homes was to guarantee the installation - or reinstallation - of the incumbent. So this goes against all of that conventional wisdom.","Still, Mayor Emanuel just has to get another five percent of the vote. Does this runoff on April 7 look like a real election now?","Yes, it does. And the reason it does is that it's not the only activity and sort of fire burning in the city. We have a record number of runoffs. As you know, we have 50 aldermen. Nineteen of them didn't make it directly into a victory. They are going to runoffs, and they are the insurgents. They are the so-called progressives. They're the people that Emanuel's forces formed a PAC to try to reduce the numbers of. And so there's a lot of activity in wards, and it all speaks to this overall issue of voter discontent."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that there is a large number of progressive candidates running in the runoff election, and Mayor Emanuel's political action committee is trying to reduce their numbers.","questions":"Which candidates is Mayor Emanuel's political action committee trying to reduce the numbers of?","answer":"Progressive"}
{"text":["But instead the executives went in with the don't-tell-us-what-to-do approach, and they overplayed their hand. And this has happened before in the EU with the massive privacy law and billion-dollar fines. It's clear Europe is giving big tech a smackdown. And Google, whose motto used to be, don't be evil, might consider a new motto - play nice.","So what do these new rules mean for, say, artists, for creators?How helpful is all of this to them?","Well, there could be a fascinating rift here. Last summer, Sir Paul McCartney from the Beatles - OK?- he wrote an open letter to the European Parliament. He said, music and culture matter. They don't just happen. The companies exploit artists' work. And he wanted the law overhauled. But he's a big-time artist with lawyers who can produce copyright documents - right?- and negotiate agreements with Google.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly trying to convey a sense of urgency or importance in the matter being discussed, without explicitly stating it.","questions":"What is the tone of the speaker in turn 3?","answer":"Urgency"}
{"text":["What were some of the challenging parts of school?What did you find the hardest?","Reading, studying my lessons. You know, because I had to read more, you know, and because, you know, as you get older, your short-term memory sort of fails you once in a while. So to make sure that you got the material where you could reproduce it, you had to study a little harder and do a little more research.","So tell me what graduation day was like?","Oh, the best day of my life, I guess. Life doesn't get any better. Life doesn't get any better. With my family there, all my friends cheering me on, I felt like I was 16 years old. What a day. What a day. I was happy. Everybody was pleased. They gave me a good ovation. I really enjoyed it. I really did. I cannot explain to you in words my feelings."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Reading, studying my lessons.You know, because I had to read more, you know, and because, you know, as you get older, your short-term memory sort of fails you once in a while.So to make sure that you got the material where you could reproduce it, you had to study a little harder and do a little more research.","questions":"How did the speaker ensure they could reproduce the material?","answer":"Study"}
{"text":["Do you have any reason that any of these nominees that have evaded the question of Brown v.  Board being correctly decided - do you have any reason to believe that they would be in support of overturning Brown v.  Board?","I think that the real attempt here is if you decline to answer questions about Brown v.  Board, it becomes internally logical to also declined to answer questions about Roe, which is back on the table. And so the way to sort of elide that conversation is to say, I won't talk about any of those precedents, and I won't talk about Brown. So it looks really principled, but it's a way of moving the goalposts about what you won't talk about.","Dahlia Lithwick is a senior editor at Slate. Thank you very much for joining us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn (2) has an actual meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not discussing an attempt to physically move goalposts, but rather a rhetorical strategy of avoiding answering certain questions.","questions":"How does the speaker explain the attempt to elide the conversation?","answer":"Rhetorical"}
{"text":["Wow. All right. So that's an example of maybe law enforcement intervening just in time so he couldn't get his hands on a gun that would have been used to perhaps kill his colleagues.","That's exactly right.","OK.  How about another case?","Sure. A group of children reported a woman had just threatened to shoot them all and had pointed something that looked like a handgun at them. An officer went to the scene and then interviewed the woman, who said, yes, I did make that threat. Here is the mock handgun. I think it was a paper towel roll wrapped in electrician's tape. Here's what I pointed at them, but, officer, there is a real gun, a revolver, under my living room table. The officer contacted a judge, got an emergency restraining order, took possession of the firearm and took the woman into custody for having made the threats. While in custody, she continued to declare quite explicitly her intent to kill those children."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to get your hands on something is to buy something, or to touch something, in this case the person was getting a gun","questions":"How was law enforcement able to prevent the person from getting the gun?","answer":"Intervening"}
{"text":["The Booger-Eater is - and that's an important character in here in that he sort of Rafe's first real friend. And he's a kid - I'm really - it's a big deal to me, beyond physical bullying, verbal bullying. And with this kid, you know, he was nicknamed the Booger-Eater when he was, like, three or four years old and it stuck with him. And that happens to kids. They kind of get a caricature and it's very hard for them to get away from it.","There are some other characters: Dweebs, Smurf.","The Legend.","The Legend, yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing a hidden emotion or attitude, such as resentment or envy, that is not directly stated in their words, but is conveyed through their tone, facial expressions, or choice of language.","questions":"What hidden emotion or attitude may be conveyed through the PersonA's words in turn 3?","answer":"Resentment"}
{"text":["That President Obama looked at what a no-fly zone could do and realized it would not do enough. He needed to authorize that aircraft could strike ground targets as well.","Yeah. I mean, I think, you know, almost all of these things, once you start, there is significant pressure for it to escalate. So when, you know, another example, when Bill Clinton starts NATO air strikes in Serbia, in the Kosovo War in 1999 to protect Kosovar Albanians who were being massacred by Serbian nationalists, then the Clinton administration starts out doing air strikes and then comes under lots and lots of pressure to say air strikes aren't enough, air strikes are not really saving civilian populations on the ground. You need to do more.","So I think, you know, I think when the Obama administration looks at this, then there's a debate about - on the one hand, you could say - and it's not that the Obama administration is considering troops on the ground because they're definitely not. But if you're arming the rebels in Syria, does that create more pressure for you to support them or does it mean that the rebels can stand on their own two feet, which means less pressure on the Obama administration to get involved?","Well, you're talking about the law of unintended consequences. If you're supporting them and recognize them and they start to lose, what do you do then?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Military interventions often escalate beyond their original scope.","questions":"How do military interventions tend to escalate?","answer":"Escalate"}
{"text":["I know, I love the analog too, like you know, record players. But anyway. . .","The old school.","The old school, the truly old school. But speaking of the new school, there's this new phone, the T-Mobile Google Phone. It sounds like a bunch of stiff competition to the iPhone. And phones are so trendy now, they're like little, you know, it's like, what kind of phone do you have?It's like, you know, it's like, are we compatible?I don't know.","Like status statement."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : old school in this context means that they are using something from decades ago or talking about it","questions":"What does \"old school\" mean in this context?","answer":"Decades"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely, absolutely. And I think that before Manny was traded, you say that C. C. was the hands-on favorite, but man, I think the impact that Manny has made on what was a moribund Dodgers team is sensational. I think if the voting was held right now and was fair, I think Manny Ramirez would be the MVP of the National League. What he's done there is incredible.","But it's not going to happen, is it?","Well, if there's justice in the world, and as you and I know there is justice in the world, I think it could happen. I mean, look at what he's done. I mean, he's made - he's helped them make shambles out of that race just because of him. C. C. 's done an excellent job, but Milwaukee is fading. Los Angeles is just becoming strong, and then there's the whole irony of Manny hooking up with his former archrival Joe Torre. And just the idea of these two guys grinding an axe against their former teams, which used to be archrivals, I just think the drama is just too - it's just too delicious. That's why I really think it should be Manny.","All right, let's end this with this connection. Since you've talked about Manny, then you talked about Joe Torre, formerly of the New York Yankees, now let's talk about Yankees stadium, which closes it's doors, last game ever in Yankee Stadium this Sunday. I know that you live close to the ballpark. Are you sad, Mr.  New Yorker?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B implies that the voting wasn't going to happen right there at the moment and won't probably be fair if it was.","questions":"How did PersonB express their skepticism about the possibility of Manny Ramirez being named MVP?","answer":"Skepticism"}
{"text":["Well, assess how they're looking at the move by the Treasury department, the moves really, of last week and of over the weekend, and of today. What is the world thinking?","The world has its fingers crossed. I mean, I don't know how else to put it. The world is basically saying this has to work. I mean, that's why you saw last week for instance, not just the Fed put up a whole bunch of capital, inject liquidity into the system. You saw all the other European and many of the Asian central banks do likewise. The world is terrified. They need this to work.","Well, what about the Democrats who are saying look, hold on, we need to do this right and not rush into it. Is that?","Well, first of all they are going to rush into it, one way or the other. And so what the Democrats have done - have said, look you have your pet things that you care about, here are our pet things that we care about. We're not going to let you do this without, you know, helping home owners more than you have, without doing something about renting an executive pay for all these executives who were involved in this mess. You know, that's a legitimate thing for them to say. It's still going to get rushed into, because this things going to be passed by the end of the week, is my guess because everybody wants to go home and run for re-election and also because the country really needs it to pass."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The world is desperate for the Treasury Department's moves to succeed in stabilizing the economy.","questions":"What is the world hoping for?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Well, AIG was a very big and successful insurance company. It did well in insurance products. But it got into a lot of trouble by selling very complex financial products, which, as you know, have lost huge amounts of money because of the housing downturn.","Now, in September, when conditions for the company were getting pretty bad, the Federal Reserve agreed to loan AIG $85 billion. In exchange, it took some stock in the company as collateral. The idea was that, you know, the loan would sort of tide AIG over while it sold off assets. But it's been very hard to sell anything because of the credit crunch.","So, meanwhile, the interest payments were piling up. AIG said it lost 25 - almost $25 billion last quarter. So, this morning, the government said it was going back to the drawing board and trying to work out something else. It's really an admission that the efforts so far haven't worked.","So, how much money is this new plan going to involve, and where exactly is it going to be coming from?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"took some stock in the company as collateral\" - refers to taking some shares of AIG as a security for the loan.","questions":"What did the Federal Reserve take as collateral for the loan given to AIG?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Has the storm reached full strength, or is there any possibility that it could intensify?","It likely has reached close to its full strength. It's approaching or moving over the islands now of the Northern Bahamas. And it's also showing signs of going through a eye wall replacement cycle. That will likely occur in the next 24 hours. So the strength is going to fluctuate.","That's another strong point I wanted to make. Just because it weakens a bit in the next 24 to 36 hours does not mean the overall effects or impacts to the state of Florida's coastline will change. You know, whether it's a 3, 4 or 5, it could produce significant damage along the coast. But it will likely fluctuate in intensity over the next 24 to 48 hours, and it probably has reached its peak in intensity at the time.","Could you talk a little bit more about the path that the storm is taking?You were talking about this earlier. It's expected - am I still right?- it's expected to move into the Florida Peninsula Monday morning."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : full strength in this context means whether or not something has reached its peak threshold of intensity","questions":"Which term is used to describe the stage of a storm's intensity in turn 0?","answer":"Intense"}
{"text":["As I don't have to tell you, because you helped negotiate the Paris Agreement, the United States pulled out more than a couple of years ago.","Well, actually, the United States can legally not pull out until November of next year. We, of course, certainly expect them to do so.","Be that as it may, what can be accomplished - how much does U. S.  withdrawal hurt?","Well, you know, the fact is that what you call a U. S.  withdrawal I call a national government withdrawal. I call it a White House withdrawal. It does not represent 100% of the U. S.  economy. Sixty percent of the U. S.  economy represented by many corporations, by many states and certainly by many financial institutions continue to decarbonize because they understand it is for their own good. It is for the strength of their economy and for commercial profitability in the case of corporations. The fact is that if the United States, as a central government, wants to leave the climate agreement and not continue the policies and the incentives for decarbonization, they're shooting themselves in the foot because other countries such as China, certainly, and perhaps even India are taking advantage of that vacuum and moving in."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The United States stopped abiding by the terms of the agreement.","questions":"Which agreement did the United States stop abiding by?","answer":"Paris."}
{"text":["After he infected you?","Yeah, yeah.","So, let me get this straight. He infected you. You went back to him, and then he didn't want to be associated with you because other people knew about you?","Right. And he was scared his own status would be revealed. They would, you know, he was scared people would think, oh, she got it from him, and things like that.","What was it that you think made you go back to him when many other people would say I'm so angry I want to smack this guy up the head, or worse?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : THERE WAS QUARREL BETWEEN TWO AND ONE GOT INFECTED BY OTHER","questions":"What happened to the person in turn 0?","answer":"infected"}
{"text":["You know, it may explain why you're such a good writer. I mean, you are one of the best science explainers. I mean, I've been doing this for a few years, and your book, \"Letters to a Young Scientist\", I think is the best book you've ever written because it is so much of you, and it is written in such an easy language, and we get you passion, we see your background.","Maybe it's because you talk to yourself that it's easier to write.","Yeah, and lots of students. And I've trained myself in clear explanation in order - when I went in to lecture to - sometimes I had a class of 150 because I taught basic biology, I had to have a device to keep the Harvard students in front of me from starting to read the Crimson.","So you had to come prepared to tell a good yarn, tell a good story or something."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He had to find a way to keep the students from becoming bored and distracted.","questions":"Which device did he use to keep the Harvard students from starting to read the Crimson?","answer":"device"}
{"text":["Really.","But they removed like some G - from what I understand, you can't like ping it for like GPS location. So I believe GPS types of tracking or chips have been removed out of it. So I think it is a stripped down and highly secure BlackBerry.","One of the things and you mentioned this earlier, Mario, that the president wants to do - he wants to put everybody on the Internet who wants access to it, and he's trying to expand it into rural areas.","I'm sorry."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : stripped down in this context means that some extra things the product could have were taken away, likely to keep it cheaper for consumer purposes.","questions":"Which feature was removed from the product mentioned in turn 1?","answer":"GPS"}
{"text":["Yes. In Los Angeles, we made a commitment a number of years ago to only purchase any new buses into our fleet that would operate on alternative fuels. And what we have today is the largest compressed natural gas bus fleet in the country. And that's doing a lot to help improve our air quality here.","What's the difference between compressed natural gas and regular gasoline in terms of, you know, how it affects the environment?","Well compressed natural gas is a much cleaner fuel.","You know, let's just take a look at Los Angeles' demographics. You have people from incredibly wealthy to incredibly poor. You have immigrants, native-born people who've come here from other parts of the U. S. , people, of course, who were born here. How do you think L. A. 's demographics affect the need for public transportation?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The demographics of Los Angeles may affect the demand for public transportation.","questions":"How may Los Angeles' demographics impact public transportation?","answer":"diverse"}
{"text":["Well, I think the Senate has this advise and consent role. They have a constitutional duty to vet judges. The way that's principally done is by asking hard questions about how judges think about the law. There's a lot of yardage between saying, how are you going to rule in that DACA case?That would be inappropriate. There's something entirely different about saying, I'm trying to get a sense of how you think about your job and how you think about doctrines. So tell me a little bit about cases, particularly cases that are kind of set in amber.","If cases like Brown v.  Board are set in amber, what's the value of even asking the question?","Well, that is the right question. And I think there's a cynical answer, which is, look; it's just performance art, right?I think it's probably worth the caveat that if that's the case, if this was just always what we did, then there's some signaling - an important signaling - when you suddenly decline to do it.","Do you have any reason that any of these nominees that have evaded the question of Brown v.  Board being correctly decided - do you have any reason to believe that they would be in support of overturning Brown v.  Board?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of the turn in (3) is that if the Senate only performs a ritual of asking hard questions without any intention to actually vet the judges, then declining to do that ritual is an important signal.","questions":"What is the significance of declining to do the ritual of asking hard questions if the Senate only performs it as a ritual without any intention to actually vet the judges?","answer":"Signal"}
{"text":["So when we are forced to cut, we have to decide which is the best way to do it. We can do a shallow cut, like 10 percent 20 percent of the full ration. Or we can do a deep cut if we think the contributions will not be coming in anytime soon. The difficulty with doing a deep cut is that over the longer period, of course, people will become malnourished. Their immune systems will be suppressed. And if the cuts continue, or they're getting absolutely no food from WFP, inevitably, over time, they will fall sick. And, ultimately, many people will perish.","So - I mean, forgive me. It's one thing to make appealing ads that people are in danger of starving to death. What you're saying now is, because there's a crunch for aid, people are in danger of dying slowly.","That's what, in the end, will happen to the most vulnerable. It's the women and the children who will go first. The difficulty about the situation confronting us in 2018, however, is that it comes on the heels of 2017, when the world really pulled itself together, and our donors and donors for other organizations stepped up and provided a lot of funding because we were facing what was said to be the greatest humanitarian needs. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker is apologizing for their question, the implied meaning is that they are skeptical about the severity of the situation and the potential consequences of aid shortages.","questions":"Which turn shows that the speaker is skeptical about the severity of the situation?","answer":"Question1"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me.","Does presenting Rabbit like this make your character into a kind of everywoman that spans all experience?","I was thinking of her not necessarily as an everywoman, but as Vietnam itself in certain kinds of ways. The book is very much about a character who can hear the voices of the dead. And I was very interested in trying to transform Vietnam from the perceptions that we have about it in the West. Typically, you know, when we think of Vietnam here in the United States, we think of it as a metaphor. You know, it's synonymous with the idea of a quagmire.","And we think of it as our problem."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : We think of Vietnam as our problem\u201d but not \u201cTypically, when we think of Vietnam here in the United States, we think of it as a metaphor\u201d which is the literal meaning of the turn.","questions":"What do Americans typically think of Vietnam as?","answer":"Problem"}
{"text":["Good to be with you, Scott.","So do you see the governor getting through the weekend?","It's hard to see how he can continue in politics, Scott. The visuals here are a hideous reminder at the very beginning of Black History Month of what passed for college humor not too long ago. Northam may be a changed man today. All indications are that he's been an agent of change and racial healing as a man in the military, a man of medicine in Virginia. And it just is so difficult to see how he can go on now with all these calls from all of his allies for him to step down.","And to repeat, it was in his medical school yearbook, and this must have been some kind of ticking time bomb."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : an agent of change is someone who speaks up for change","questions":"How would you describe Northam's actions in the military and Virginia?","answer":"Change"}
{"text":["So, what are we to make of Fabulous Fab and his verdict?","They finally got somebody - five years later, yeah. Unfortunately, it's quite the small fry in the grand scheme of things. The Goldman Sachs' trader who put together a deal that the SEC believed - and I think the evidence shows - was deceptive, at least to the people on the other side of the trade. And, you know, unlike everybody else at Goldman, he wrote some emails he really shouldn't have written and made himself a nice, big, fat, juicy target. And the SEC took full and complete advantage.","So, the Justice Department charges that hedge fund with insider trading and then shortly after that this happened. Are we looking at a trend?","Ah. Well, in terms of prosecuting individuals involved in the financial crisis, we are not looking at a trend. We are looking at an end-point. What the trend might be is that we have a new chairwoman at the SEC, Mary White, who's a former prosecutor, who has really beaten the drums about being tough on financial crime. And I think what we are seeing is the beginning of a new toughness by the SEC for which this victory gives them kind of, if nothing else, kind of a moral authority to say we can charge forward and there's a lot more financial crime out there that we are uncovering. And even though it's necessarily related to the financial crisis, we are going to be tougher. We're going to prosecute. We're going to bring tougher civil actions against firms and perhaps individuals. So, I think in that sense it does signal something new."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : beaten the drum means they are making a lot of comments about it","questions":"Which phrase is used to describe the new SEC chairwoman's approach to financial crime?","answer":"New-toughness"}
{"text":["Many people start off working either in tasting rooms or they work in a restaurant, maybe as a server. And then they want to know more about wines so they become a sommelier. Or they take classes for wine education. Or they become distributors for wine. Or they work for distributors for wine for different parts of the country.","We had a gentleman who went to Argentina and bought a vineyard and is starting to grow grapes and do it from the farming standpoint. Several of the members of our panel were growers, and so simply farmers, like growing tomatoes or growing roses in your garden, you learn how to cultivate vineyards.","Steve, thanks so much for your time.","Thank you for having us on your program."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Working with wine doesn't necessarily require formal education.","questions":"How do people start learning about wine?","answer":"Tasting."}
{"text":["So in 1996, there was something called the Dickey Amendment. And that resulted in federal funding being taken away for gun violence research. Even after Newtown and after President Obama had issued the executive order for the CDC to be able to study the cause of gun violence, there's still been a lot of hesitation to do that. You know, gun violence is responsible for about as many deaths as sepsis is. But funding for gun violence research is equivalent to 0. 7 percent of the funding that's allocated for sepsis. When you think about this in the big picture, we have such a public health crisis that we're dealing with yet not enough research and evidence that's being put into the system to figure out how we can develop solutions that are going to really make a difference.","You've actually experienced this from the other end. You were shot when you were 17. Tell me what happened.","After a high school football game one evening, I was nearly killed after being shot in the throat with a 38-caliber bullet. A lot of 17-year-olds don't appreciate the fact that they're mortal, don't realize, you know, kind of the importance of their family and other aspects like that. And when that injury happened to me, it really changed my life. It inspired me to want to be able to give other people the same second chance that I was given.","Dr.  Joseph Sakran is the director of Emergency General Surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Gun violence is a major public health crisis but there is not enough funding for research to develop solutions","questions":"What is the reason for the hesitation to study the cause of gun violence even after President Obama's executive order?","answer":"Dickey"}
{"text":["We were with addicts on the street as they were having encounters with law enforcement. We were in treatment centers with people trying to kick the addiction. There's this one phenomenal picture of five inmates. They're all pregnant and being let in to get their methadone and things like that. We were in in drug courts, where people were being dealt with by the criminal justice system.","I think one of the reasons that it's gotten so much attention is because of the spareness with which we report it. We just report anecdote after anecdote after anecdote after anecdote over seven days. And anybody who reads it cannot come away without understanding how deep and how pernicious and how totally involving of our society this epidemic is.","Are there things that happen in Cincinnati every day that people walk past that you wanted to use this opportunity to share with?","Well, yes, I mean, in the sense that we wanted people to understand that this is going on all around them. Heroin is not a demographic or racial or any socioeconomic status - however you want to put it - drug. Its terrible reach is universal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The severity of the opioid crisis affects people of all backgrounds and has far-reaching consequences.","questions":"How does the opioid crisis affect society?","answer":"universal"}
{"text":["Whatever the achievements of American technology at every level, is there a central bank game gap between the U. S.  and other nations?","The Federal Reserve in the U. S.  has a few games. They're pretty simple, I would say. They're effective in a way but they are not, I think, as modern. And they do a job but perhaps something that wouldn't entice the future central bankers of tomorrow.","Do you learn something from these games?","I do. I learn a little bit. There's another game that the ECB created called \"Top Floor,\" where you are charged with traveling up a series of elevators to the top floor of the ECB building. I did learn a lot about the interactions between national central banks and the ECB, for what it's worth, in playing this game. So, I suppose that's a job done. Would I rather play \"Angry Birds\"?Yes, of course. But I would probably not learn as much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) A: The Federal Reserve in the U.S. has a few games. They're pretty simple, I would say. They're effective in a way but they are not, I think, as modern. And they do a job but perhaps something that wouldn't entice the future central bankers of tomorrow.","questions":"How would PersonA describe the games offered by the Federal Reserve in the U.S.?","answer":"Simple"}
{"text":["Yeah. I know Chicken Street. But tell us what you saw at the site of the bombing.","When I heard it, I came out from the store, and I immediately saw people running from the direction of (unintelligible) the smoke billowing into the air. So I walked in the opposite direction towards the smoke. And the closer I got, the more damage there was - obviously, broken windows further away from it - and then closer to it, you know, cars on fire and completely crushed by the force of the explosion.","And then at the ground zero of the site, you know, a number of bodies that was in the immediate vicinity - I saw probably 12 to 15, all, you know, really just mangled and - you know, almost as if they were melted together. It was just a pile of bodies - you know, most of them dead, some of them still alive. I even told one man who was trying to make a phone call, you know, in this morass of bodies.","And then all around, there was, you know, the usual chaos that infuse these attacks - security forces running around with their weapons drawn, general chaos, smoke and noise, car alarms, and, you know, small explosions of oxygen tanks and petrol tanks exploding. And, you know, within a few minutes, you have these - I guess you'd call them first responders - rushing in to take the injured and the dead away."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"a number of bodies that was in the immediate vicinity - I saw probably 12 to 15, all, you know, really just mangled and - you know, almost as if they were melted together.It was just a pile of bodies\" - the speaker uses figurative language to describe the state of the bodies they saw, which were not literally melted together, but were instead severely damaged.","questions":"How were the bodies at the site of the bombing?","answer":"Severely"}
{"text":["I have no idea. I have no idea at this point.","You're just waiting for a call?","Any call from anyone, anywhere.","So are you actively out looking for something else more stable?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B implies that A is not actively looking for something more stable.","questions":"Which statement implies that PersonA is not actively seeking something more stable?","answer":"Turn-3"}
{"text":["For them, remembering digits is much easier than remembering the Roman alphabet. Even though they learn the letters, they're often still more comfortable with numbers. And they remember them a lot more clearly.","So when they read the numbers out loud, do they have some meaning in Mandarin?","Yeah, I mean, a lot of the URLs, the strings of digits, do have some meaning. For example, there are tons of URLs that are homophones for other Chinese phrases. So you gave the example of the McDonald's URL - 4008-517-517 - that's because when you say 517 in Mandarin it's (Mandarin spoken) and that sounds somewhat (Mandarin spoken), which means I want to eat.","They sort of have infinite flexibility to spell out phrases and create these little sentences. So the example you gave of the dating website, which is 5201314. com, that string of digits means, (Mandarin spoken), which means I will love you forever. So that's something that people will use a lot when chatting online with their friends or they'll shorten it to 520, which just means I love you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \u201cI want to eat\u201d in Mandarin. Similarly, the phrase \u201c5201314\u201d in turn 4 literally means \u201cfive two, zero one three one four\u201d but it implies \u201cI will love you forever\u201d in Mandarin.","questions":"Which phrase in Mandarin means \"I will love you forever\" in turn 4?","answer":"5201314"}
{"text":["Well, just briefly, people must be awfully nervous because, of course, there's aftershocks. Well, just briefly, people must be awfully nervous because, of course, there's aftershocks. Well, just briefly, people must be awfully nervous because, of course, there's aftershocks.","Absolutely. Absolutely. Absolutely. And let me just tell you, since I first got here, Renee, I have felt under my feet many, many aftershocks. And let me just tell you, since I first got here, Renee, I have felt under my feet many, many aftershocks. And let me just tell you, since I first got here, Renee, I have felt under my feet many, many aftershocks. And the U. S.  Geological Survey confirms aftershocks are taking place here. And the U. S.  Geological Survey confirms aftershocks are taking place here. And the U. S.  Geological Survey confirms aftershocks are taking place here. I feel maybe. . . I feel maybe. . . I feel maybe. . .","Right. Right. Right.",". . . Every few minutes, and there's been hundreds of aftershocks that are 2. 5 magnitude or higher. . . . Every few minutes, and there's been hundreds of aftershocks that are 2. 5 magnitude or higher. . . . Every few minutes, and there's been hundreds of aftershocks that are 2. 5 magnitude or higher. And as you mentioned, people are nervous. And as you mentioned, people are nervous. And as you mentioned, people are nervous."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : THe aftershocks means that there are tremors after the main earthquake that take people by surprise.","questions":"What confirms the occurrence of aftershocks in the area?","answer":"GeologicalSurvey"}
{"text":["Now, Senator Obama is scheduled to address the convention on Sunday, last week we spoke to Richard Prince, of the Maynard Institute, who said, that the presidential forum, that was scheduled for Thursday was quote, \"all but dead. \"Of course, Senator Obama is traveling internationally. How did you secure him coming for Sunday, and given that Sunday is essentially the very last day of the convention, do you expect turnout that's going to be significant?","Well, the talks with both presidential candidates have been taking place for a while, and the invitations were extended many, many months ago. And so, talks have been taking place, and you know, with schedules it's really difficult to nail that down. With this Middle East and Europe trip coming up for Senator Obama, that came into the mix, just in recent weeks. It came down to a choice between having the Senator come on Sunday, or not at all.","So the Senator McCain invitation is still out, but it has not been accepted or rejected?","Right. We're still working on it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The organizers faced difficulties in getting Obama to attend the convention.","questions":"Which presidential candidate's invitation is still pending?","answer":"McCain"}
{"text":["Tomorrow, car sales numbers for November are due out, and they're not expected to be good. That could lead to more dealerships shutting down, and that could mean a big loss of revenue for local governments. For example, this year, the state of California has lost at least two billion dollars in sales taxes due to the drop in car sales.","To get a better sense of how local governments are coping, we're joined now by Marshall Bond. He is the city manager for Monroeville, Pennsylvania. Thanks for joining us, and why don't you tell us how many car dealerships are in Monroeville?","Just about every major domestic and foreign manufacturer sells cars here in Monroeville.","And so, how much of your budget comes from the revenue from car sales at these dealerships?","We have a business tax which obviously is, I'd say, probably of that - I'd say total tax is probably about 15 to 20 percent is based upon our related car industry."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Car sales numbers for November are not expected to be good","questions":"What information does turn 4 provide about Monroeville's budget?","answer":"Revenue"}
{"text":["Well, first, they obviously don't enjoy broad support among the population. They do have a core group of support, but if forced to stand in election, they would lose. Which is why they have avoided that, or attempted to manipulate or manufacture the results of elections. Secondly, they are dependent, for their long-term viability, on their relationship with the Venezuelan armed forces, which is what the Trump administration and others have focused on at this point.","When you talk about the dependence on the armed forces, I'm reminded of that old saying, that one definition of the government is they have a monopoly on the use of force.","Correct.","When all else fails, they have that.","Correct."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The government's reliance on armed forces is a defining characteristic of their power.","questions":"How is the government's power defined?","answer":"reliance"}
{"text":["It's necessary because of the drop in consumption.","When the government is spending over $150 billion on a stimulus bill like this, will that have a long run effect on how every person gets a check has to pay out their taxes in the future, has to deal with the realities of how much service the federal government can give in the future?I mean, will there be a sort of back-end re-tax for people who might get a cut in the short run?","I wouldn't put it that way. The problem is in the short run will people be much worse off and will they be able to recover from that?Because during a recession it's not unusual for families to lose two or three percent of their income. So the issue is do you want to lose that two or three percent because in the future you don't want to get a tiny tax increase to balance the budget.","So I think you have to think about what's the potential loss in income, which can be huge if we have a severe recession, or even a mild recession like the one we had in 2001."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"back-end re-tax\" - This phrase is not a standard idiom or expression, and its meaning is not clear. However, it seems to suggest that people who receive stimulus checks in the short run may have to pay more taxes in the future to make up for the government's spending. The figurative meaning is implied, rather than explicit.","questions":"What is the possible consequence of receiving a stimulus check in the short run?","answer":"Higher"}
{"text":["Good to be here, Ira.","So tell us about your change of mind and heart about this issue.","Well, if you had asked me a year ago, I might have said I didn't know whether there was global warming at all. But we had begun a major study, scientific reinvestigation. We were addressing what I consider to be legitimate criticisms of many of the skeptics.","But about nine months ago, we reached a conclusion that global warming was indeed taking place, that all of the effects that the skeptics raised could be addressed, and to my surprise, actually, the global warming was approximately what people had previously said."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The conclusion that global warming was taking place was surprising to A and matched previous predictions.","questions":"How was PersonA surprised by the conclusion about global warming?","answer":"Global"}
{"text":["Yes, particularly when we were starting out science at the beginning of - I think what you would call middle school, about age 12. This, of course, was the mid-1950s. And in Britain at that time, girls were only expected to get married and keep house. So instead of getting a chance to go the science laboratory, we got directed to the domestic science room to learn cookery and needlework.","And how did you fight your way into the science classes?","My protestations weren't heard. But when I told my parents that first evening, they were extremely angry. And I think the headmaster's telephone got a little hot.","(Laughter) And then you went to university. And I also read that, you know, you would get cat-called and that it was not a very friendly environment for women."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Cat called means to have mean loudly say sexual things to you in front of others.","questions":"How were women treated in the university environment?","answer":"Dismissively"}
{"text":["Excuse me.","Present company excepted, of course.","All right, all right, OK, yeah.","But he constantly breaks his own maxim. It's huge fun."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is excluding the people currently present from the criticism they are about to make. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is making a sarcastic remark and implying that the people present are also guilty of the behavior they are criticizing.","questions":"How did the PersonA's turn in line 1 differ from its literal meaning?","answer":"Sarcastic"}
{"text":["But I have to say, every time that I think, OK, now is the time I'm going to get in, this is a great buying opportunity, as everyone tells me, every time I look at the stock market, it's gone down again, and I think, phew, it's the end of the day. Thank goodness I didn't buy in today. But then the next day, it happens again.","Yeah, I know. It's depressing. Looking at this market, the market is a reflection of worldwide psychology. So clearly, people around the world are depressed right now, and they're not optimistic about the future, which is sad.","But in the long run, the things that will make the most money are not pieces of rock like gold or liquids like oil or cash, which is just pieces of paper, but real growing companies that are servicing strong demographic trends.","It's impossible to call a bottom. Yes, all these stocks that are cheap could get cheaper, but now is certainly one of the best times to buy stocks that we've seen in the past 70 years. I mean, it's incredible, which is why Warren Buffett is out there buying stocks right now."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Although stocks may continue to decrease in value, it is currently a great time to invest in the stock market","questions":"What is the advice given by Warren Buffett?","answer":"buying"}
{"text":["Spreading hipsterism can have a cost. The kind of neighborhoods that realtors call in transition can have more places to buy organic coffee than diapers or nails. People who have lived there for years often can't afford to stay in neighborhoods after they've been gentrified. The Cereal Killer Cafe - that's C, cereal - which serves $5 bowls of breakfast cereal in a changing neighborhood in London's East End, was attacked by people who denounced the way the neighborhood is growing upscale. Somebody threw a smoke bomb at the cafe. Protesters smeared their windows with paint and scrawled scum. Alan Keery co-owns the Cereal Killer Cafe with his brother Gary. Thanks very much for being with us.","Not a problem.","You all right?","Yeah, yeah, we're not too bad. We're cleaned up sort of after the weekend. After the attacks, luckily, we only had exterior damage from paint. But at the time, there was staff, customers inside that barricaded the doors closed as they were trying to bash the doors down."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : : In (3), B is asking if A is okay, which implies that B is concerned about A's well-being. ","questions":"What is the name of the cafe co-owned by Alan Keery in London's East End which was attacked by protesters?","answer":"Cereal"}
{"text":["Good morning.","We have begun to see pictures of refugee camps blanketed with snow and children wearing painfully thin sweaters. Can you tell us what living conditions are like for Syrian refugees at the moment?","Well, here in Lebanon, it is dire. In fact, UNICEF officials say that 10,000 children are at risk because of this freezing cold. Inside Syria, an activist group posted videos of eight children - mostly infants - who froze to death. This is the worst winter storm in decades. Even here in Beirut last night, we walked home in a freezing hailstorm. Now, we're on the coast. Syrian refugees living in higher altitudes, they're trudging through the snow looking for anything to burn to keep warm.","Aid agencies have been preparing for the winter for the past few weeks. Why have they not been able to get warm clothing, if not at least heat, to a lot of the refugees?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is not asking for a literal description of the living conditions of Syrian refugees, but rather for an explanation of why aid agencies have not been able to provide them with warm clothing or heat.","questions":"Which aspect of the Syrian refugees' living conditions is the speaker specifically asking about?","answer":"Warm"}
{"text":["And so my point is that with the fact that they didn't seem to have old and outdated technology, you couple that now with an administration that's new, that basically, I say he made it into the White House due to the speed of the Internet. So you have a bunch of people that are used to using Facebook, social networking, mobile phones and wireless connectivity, and then you take them back into what feels like the '80s. That's just not going to work.","It seems really bizarre. I have another question for you, and I don't know if you have the answer to it or not. Since the president - I want to talk about the BlackBerry again - since the president was allowed to keep his BlackBerry, are we to assume that there has been some sort of technological advancement with regard to security that the president's BlackBerry would have, that my BlackBerry and your BlackBerry don't have?","Yeah.","My BlackBerry and your BlackBerry sitting by the fire."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He made into the White House because of how fast information is shared.  If you take people back to a time when they did not happen no one will like it.","questions":"How did the speed of the internet help him get into the White House?","answer":"Information"}
{"text":["You know, it was - I've done a couple of Kickstarter campaigns before with both of my indie films. And I always looked at it more as a way to kind of build a fan base, less so than the actual financing of it all. You know, it kind of allows you to, as a filmmaker, to kind of announce that you're doing something but in, like, a non kind of braggadocious way. And it kind of allows people who, you know, may want to be involved or kind of see the project through to help out. And so it just seemed like a - the obvious first step for us. And it ended up becoming the highest-funded Kickstarter campaign for a short film.","So what is it that you think people are responding to?I have to say that, I mean, look - the little girl is absolutely adorable. The dad has locks, and he's struggling with the hair.","It's just hard for me to describe, but the hair, for anybody who's tried to do little black girl hair, it's very accurate. It kind of has a life of its own.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"It kind of has a life of it's own\" implies that the hair is hard to manage and style and doesn't easily get taken care of","questions":"Which feature of the little girl's hair is accurately portrayed in the short film?","answer":"Hair."}
{"text":["You have done so many different types of music. You have done the Monkeys, you know. What's coming up next for you?I don't know if you've already started work on another album or thought about it, but what direction do you think you're heading in next?","I have no idea. I really don't. I'm still very much inside of this project because you don't leave it just because you finish recording it. You have to begin to think about how to create the live performance of it. So that's a whole other dimension. And so you have to live with this music.","And I always say that the music always ends up so much broader than what you have on the recording because the recording represents the beginning. And once you go out on the road and you play it, and of course, each night, you're going to try to do something different with it, so it just grows and grows and grows until it's time for the next project.","Well, Cassandra Wilson, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is still immersed in the current project and hasn't thought about the next one yet.","questions":"What is PersonB's current focus?","answer":"immesed"}
{"text":["Having read about you, you just don't believe that this would be redundant but could be dangerous.","Yeah. If you put the two side by side, there's only one difference. And that is the FDA. The FDA gets taken out of the equation with the proposed legislation. The FDA is in the equation with the existing regulations. Compassionate Use process is extremely easy. Basically, go to your doctor. Find one who will agree to administer the therapy. Contact the drug company. See if they're also willing to agree. Fill out the paperwork. And then if the FDA doesn't object, the patient can get the treatment. And the only difference with the new legislation is that last part. The FDA is taken out of the equation.","With respect, why care so much about the FDA if a life is hanging in the balance?","So as a terminal cancer patient, I would, you know, obviously love to try something that's going to prolong my life or cure my cancer. The reality is that that's a very, very small statistic in terms of drug development discovery. Only 5 percent of drugs that go through phase one development actually go on to be approved. So you're talking about giving people medications that, in historical context, have only had a 5 percent chance of actually working at the end of the day. And then you're exposing these patients to, potentially, additional toxicities that could accelerate their death or cause additional problems for them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Compassionate Use process is extremely easy\" - This turn is literal in meaning. It explains how the compassionate use process works and implies that it is not complicated.","questions":"Which process is described as extremely easy?","answer":"Compassionate"}
{"text":["I think his great forte is understanding the problems that we face. He's had great experiences. You know, he was raised - a good part of his youth was in France. He speaks French fluently and understands Europeans quite well, and his being the Allied commander in Europe was absolutely a perfect fit. And he can expand that in giving advice in problems, literally, all over the world.","I read that James Jones went to Georgetown University, where he played basketball. Do you have any sensed of maybe whether he and President-elect Obama might discuss security issues over a game of hoops?","I wouldn't doubt it. President-elect Obama would also find he's a competitor. That ought to be an interesting basketball game.","Congressman Ike Skelton of Missouri. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : President-elect Obama and James Jones may engage in an exciting basketball game because both are competitive, not just because they will discuss security issues.","questions":"What activity might President-elect Obama and James Jones engage in besides discussing security issues?","answer":"Basketball"}
{"text":["They know - they see the world as a number of systems. You know, a matrix is a system stuck together, and they know we're vulnerable at a lot of different points. And that's the reason we're seeing more and more groups using these kinds of methods.","They're formidable. I mean, nobody should think of this as a terribly unequal struggle between, you know, the international community and the terrorist. They're a formidable opponent, and we need to act across a broad spectrum to stop them.","So what can be done about this opponent?","We recommend - we have a lot of recommendations. We think they're very practical. It can be done. Some of them are internal in the government themselves. There are internal changes Congress needs to make so that it can be more effective in this, and other commissions have recommended them. Now, let's do it. Let's get it done."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The opponent is a strong and worthy adversary.","questions":"Which word describes the opponent in the eyes of person A?","answer":"Strong"}
{"text":["It's been wet in Texas this year, really wet, with record amounts of rain, and that means Texas right now is hot, wet and green. This is making the animal world happy, particularly insects. Take the tarantula hawk wasp for example. What - you've never heard of it?Well, it's so big and so nasty that it attacks tarantulas, who are, as you know, themselves big and nasty. Texas Parks and Wildlife invertebrate biologist Ben Hutchins joins me now from Austin to tell us about this wasp. Hi, Ben.","Hi.","OK, so I've been doing a little research and the tarantula hawk can wrestle and then throw these big, hairy Texas tarantulas onto their backs and then sting them into submission. How in the world is this possible?","Well, it's a pretty spectacular show. And, you know, we actually have several different species of tarantula hawk, and each one has its own different approach. So some will actually flip over onto their back and crawl upside down underneath of the tarantula to sting the tarantulas. Others will dart under there and grab the rear leg of the tarantula and then flip it over. And the tarantula hawk will actually use its back legs to pin down the tarantula's fangs to keep itself from getting bit. And then it delivers that sting, usually at a chink in the armor of the tarantula, so at joints in the legs or in the abdomen of the tarantula. And they can sting multiple times as well, so they'll get in there and make sure that that tarantula is paralyzed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is suggesting that they are uncertain about the future outcome of a situation, and are not making any definitive statements or commitments. The tone and context of the statement could suggest that the speaker is being cautious, non-committal, or may be waiting for more information before making a decision.","questions":"How would you describe the PersonA's attitude in turn 3?","answer":"Cautious"}
{"text":["What is - let's start with this. What is your personal collection to the work and the images in this book?","Well, to me this was a labor of love. I've been living in the U. S. I came back to England. It's my homeland. I came back to London, my home city, and I felt that the culture of the young black people in particular here were suffering from a kind of deficit, historically speaking.","There were younger people in my neighborhood who were bereft of history, who took their idea of themselves from watching their kind of generic hip-hop video material that they got from the video screen rather than really inquiring into the particular history and experience of our communities in this country.","As I looked at the book, I was trying to find a theme, and I don't know if I found one or not. What was, in your view, the major trends or themes that you saw unfolding over the century that are depicted in these photographs?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : None of the words in turn (4) have a different meaning from their literal meanings.","questions":"Which turn contains information about the literal meanings of the words used?","answer":"3"}
{"text":[". . . Exactly correct. And when it comes to hostages, there is a clear U. S.  policy. We do not pay ransom. We do not make concessions. When it comes to political prisoners, it's much more murky.","To your knowledge, was any money given to North Korea in association with the release of Otto Warmbier, however it's characterized?","Not that I'm aware. I would personally be surprised if the Trump administration actually paid that invoice. However, again, when we were negotiating and trying to put the framework together for the release of Otto Warmbier, we were coupling it with a bigger package of bringing back remains of U. S.  servicemen, of helping a little bit with flood-related areas in north North Korea, which was back then hit really hard - not to the North Korean government, but through humanitarian organizations. And that compiles this package of humanitarian interest, mutual humanitarian interest that - it's a bunch of gestures of goodwill that ends up getting with what you want.","What does this week's news tell us about how the Trump administration deals with these types of situations?Because the president likes to suggest that his techniques are very different from that of his predecessors."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The U.S. government used a package of humanitarian gestures to negotiate the release of Otto Warmbier.","questions":"How was the release of Otto Warmbier negotiated?","answer":"Humanitarian"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Secretary of State John Kerry has joined world diplomats in Geneva today in hopes of reaching an initial agreement to freeze Iran's nuclear program. His arrival suggests a deal may be within reach this weekend, but it's still not there yet. NPR's Peter Kenyon is in Geneva and joins us now. Peter, thanks so much for being with us.","Hi, Scott.","So, how do we read the tea leaves on this?The talks were supposed to finish yesterday, but now the secretary of state has flown all the way across the Atlantic to join them.","Well, it should be a positive sign, although the very latest comments from British Foreign Secretary William Hague are along the lines, well, the gaps are narrow but they're important and not easy to resolve. So, I think your point that we're not there yet is still very much in play. But I think there's also a high-level presence, which means there's a growing sense of urgency about wrapping up these talks. I mean, this is supposed to be the easy part - a six-month deal that's entirely reversible in just about every respect if something doesn't go right. So, hammering out a lasting comprehensive deal is going to be much harder than this. And if this one takes too long to negotiate, there's a fear the whole diplomatic enterprise could just collapse under pressure. We've already heard from both parties in Congress that more sanctions may come up next month if these talks fail. So, I'd say there is a feeling of some kind of a deadline. Maybe not this weekend but soon."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The expression \"read the tea leaves\" is used to describe gathering subtle clues to gain an understanding of a situation. In this context, it means to interpret the events to gain an understanding of the likelihood of an agreement being reached.","questions":"Which expression is used to describe gathering subtle clues to gain an understanding of a situation in turn 2?","answer":"Read"}
{"text":["And I saw that with just kids I knew at public school that were gifted. A lot of them struggled as they got older because they've been told they were smart. And so when they failed, they felt let down, they felt confused, and they blamed themselves.","So I think you see that on a much grander level with a child star where they get this level of fame and success and they think that that's going to last forever because they get used to it. And as they get older it's taken away from them, and they're not sure who to blame. And they don't know how to do anything for themselves.","And almost inevitably taken away from them by a disease called adolescence.","Yes, exactly. I mean I think that child stars are - they're used, in a way, to - their cuteness is used. And a lot of child actors - I mean people often ask me, they say why were you in so many kids' movies. And one was that my mother and father believed that there weren't enough good kids' movies out there. Now, I wasn't always in the best kids' movies, but they thought that that was important. And another thing is that there can really only be so many \"To Kill A Mockingbirds\" out there."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There can only be so many award winning, great movies out there for children.","questions":"How many \"To Kill PersonA Mockingbirds\" can there be out there?","answer":"One"}
{"text":["Yes. In all three cases, she raised both significant, substantive problems with granting these people a security clearance relating to things like foreign influence, business conflicts of interest, personal conduct and so on. And then she raised very serious problems about what the process was. In fact, it sounded like she was trying to explain to her supervisor how the process worked. He could indeed overrule her, but he needed to write out an explanation of why and explain why the specific concerns that she raised were addressed by other factual evidence that he had available to him. Apparently none of that ever happened. And that's obviously a very dangerous breach in the protocol.","This whistleblower, Tricia Newbold - she spoke of at least 25 instances where the Personnel Security Office was overruled by more senior members of the administration. Is 25 a lot?Do you know?","Well, it seems like it's a lot historically. That's one of the things we wanted to determine.","It seems more frequent than the usual. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This turn is not actually requesting a confidence score or any other numerical rating. Instead, it is a prompt for the person to provide their own interpretation or response to a previous statement or situation.","questions":"How did PersonA describe the process that Tricia Newbold's supervisor had to follow?","answer":"He"}
{"text":["And then we have a Congress who just passed a bill knowing full well that this was the most likely outcome, and they chose not to even try to stop it. But now that the bill has passed, the shutdown has been prevented, the government has been funded, the president can come out and say he's going to do this now. And you have people saying that we're shredding the Constitution, that this is the end of the world, that we need to act, that we need to stop something.","Well, the time to act was before you pass a bill to give the president money to fund the government. The time to act - if you want to force a vote on this, if you want to force Republicans in the Senate to go on record if you're a House Democrat, for instance, then you put language in the bill saying the president can't use national emergency powers to build a wall.","You mean senators - well, we could list their names - Susan Collins.","Right. I mean, don't vote for a bill that is going to make something that you think is really damaging to our country, to the Republic, more likely to occur. Just don't do it, No. 1. No. 2, actually go out and try to put things in the bill to prevent the thing that you think is so damaging to our republic from happening."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Passing a bill without measures to prevent negative consequences is not taking action.","questions":"How was action defined in the context of passing a bill according to the statement?","answer":"Preventative"}
{"text":["And to tell you the truth, I still feel so very, very sorry for that little girl, you know, for her utter helplessness. And that has made me really empathize with children and with situations where human beings become like children in terms of becoming utterly helpless. If anything good came out of that incident, was realizing that you need to empathize with these situations, and you need as much as it is in your power to try and prevent such things happening, not just child molestation, but being put in a position where you have no choice.","I mean, it's interesting that your previous book was ostensibly about the book \"Lolita. \"","Yeah, you're right.","Well, I'm just wondering, I mean, do you see yourself personally in Lolita?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to feel sorry for someone means that you feel sad for someone, or showing compassion","questions":"How did the incident make PersonA empathize with situations where human beings become helpless?","answer":"empathize"}
{"text":["(Laughing) I have no regrets at all about the path I followed. But a balanced life ought to have more than just a, you know, a central focus of a career. I think it's healthy to have other interests.","So, it's therapy in a way.","Yeah, it's sort of stress management, I guess. It's difficult for me because I'm a beginner, so it's frustrating and humiliating. But at the same time, when a painting comes out good, you feel pretty good about it. So, it's - yeah it's good.","Now, as I said at the outset, you were controversial during your tenure at the CPA running Iraq basically right after the war ended. And I'm just wondering - I don't want to go back and forth through the allegations, but I'm just wondering, you know, it's been several years since you've returned and I'm wondering, do you have any regrets or would you do anything differently?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person has no regrets about the way they have lived their life.","questions":"How does the person feel about the central focus of their life?","answer":"Healthy"}
{"text":["That's quite a big change. Now either at this point people just think the Master of the Universe have all crashed, but they haven't, they haven't yet.","And I'm sure they'll figure out a way to survive and thrive.","I'm not - I don't - I'm not asking for anybody - tears for them because nobody is going to - a lot of these people have already put away the necessary nut, they call it. That is an amount of money that you've salted away in weather proof investments, that will yield enough interest for you to live a very high life in a place like Greenwich. I would say though that today, that nut has to be at least $40 million. If interest rates on bonds sink low enough, you might need 50 million. But I think it wouldn't hurt to live a little more simply, you know.","Tom Wolfe, he's the author of \"Bonfire Of The Vanities\". Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : THERE IS A BIG CHANGE THE PEOPLE HAVE ALREADY LOST THEIR MONEY","questions":"How much money might be needed for the necessary nut in a low-interest rate scenario?","answer":"$40"}
{"text":["So tell us why. Why is it that some parts of the country are so twister prone?","Yeah. Well, the United States itself, we have this dubious honor of sitting right in the collision zone between really cold air masses coming down from Canada and moist, warm air that comes up from the Gulf of Mexico. And so the well-known Tornado Alley is a convergence zone, couple that with the position of jet stream and other factors that we as meteorologists look for, a dry, mid-layer or wind sheer, and you have the perfect ingredients for tornadoes.","Most tornadoes affect the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. And in fact, there is another alley we call Dixie Alley because if you look at a map of climatological occurrence of tornadoes, there are areas in the South as well that seemed to get quite a few tornadoes. But certainly this region, as you were leading into the story, was an area that we would've expected tornadoes for May 20th based on climatology.","Well, let's talk about the forecasting because one of the amazing parts of sort of science of this story was that hours before, the National Weather Service locally issued a warning that there might be a tornado. And it was pretty spot-on, it sounded like."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They want to k now why some parts of the countries have twisters a lot.","questions":"How does the United States' location contribute to the frequency of tornadoes in certain areas?","answer":"Collision"}
{"text":["It doesn't really seem to be dominating conversation here. I mean, there is an Israeli election coming up, and Netanyahu's opponents are using this to kind of accuse him of flip-flopping. But I think it really shows that, as Netanyahu faces reelection next month, he needs Trump's support. Trump tweeted that he didn't want to see these congresswomen going there, and I think a lot of Israelis see that as Netanyahu bowing to Trump's will.","That's NPR's Daniel Estrin in Tel Aviv.","Thanks, Daniel.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : bowing to someones will means to give in to what they want, in this case people are giving into trump","questions":"What is the reason for Netanyahu's opponents to accuse him of flip-flopping?","answer":"Trumpsupport"}
{"text":["Next week, hundreds of thousands of students, armed with number two pencils. . .",". . . will sit down to take the SAT. An important section of the college entrance test is the essay portion. And students have just 25 minutes to write it. Anne Ruggles Gere, who oversees the writing program at the University of Michigan, is not a fan of the essay section. She says that high schools now teach to the test and as a result encourage a generation of bad writers. We spoke with Professor Gere, who was in the studios of WUOM in Ann Arbor, and we asked her how the SAT encourages sloppy prose.","I think that it does it in several ways. Because when you're writing in only 25 minutes, you don't have time to develop a clear, complex idea. You don't have time to think about an audience. It makes students think of writing in the most simplistic, reductive ways. It emphasizes length of writing. It emphasizes use big words and be sure to follow a very simple formula.","So, the students will use it as an opportunity to use the word sesquipedalian over and over or show off their vocabulary and stuff?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Pencils are not an actual weapon, unless they are used to write things against the system. ","questions":"What word describes how the SAT essay section encourages students to write?","answer":"Formula"}
{"text":["You know, this is a very opaque system in Iran. And it's tough to sometimes know to what extent an action was sanctioned from the very top. And in some ways, President Trump gave Iran an out by saying that this was just a big mistake. This was a misunderstanding.","Could have been a junior officer somewhere or something like that.","Exactly.","Could it have been a junior officer somewhere?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker suggests that a junior officer may have been responsible for the action, not a higher-ranking official.","questions":"How does the speaker imply responsibility for the action?","answer":"Junior"}
{"text":["Add to the troubled auto industry a rise in unemployment. Weekly jobless claims benefits are at 16-year high. Wall Street isn't happy either. The Dow Jones Index plummeted below 8,000 yesterday.","To find out how advertising agencies are dealing with the current economic climate, we are joined now by Romi Mahajan. He's the chief marketing officer for the digital ad agency called Ascentium. They manage marketing campaigns for big, big companies, including Microsoft, Nintendo, and AT&T. Welcome to the program, Romi.","Thank you very much, Alex.","Yesterday, General Motors announced that it would review its contracts with ad agencies to see whether or not they should even be renewed. Let's say you were working on a car company advertising campaign. What should they do to actually get American consumers to buy cars?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The auto industry is experiencing trouble and unemployment is rising. The Dow Jones Index's drop below 8,000 has Wall Street concerned","questions":"How did Wall Street react to the Dow Jones Index's drop?","answer":"Concerned"}
{"text":["And we shall not - I certainly won't see his like again. He was also incredibly fun. And so that's the thing to try to hold onto.","He wrote a lot of letters by hand, didn't he?","He wrote tons of letters. I bet there are a hundred thousand - hundreds out there signed, all the best, George Bush. Many of them are compiled in a lovely volume he did. His - you know, he was the son of a mother who insisted that he not talk - that one not talk about oneself. He was - so when it came time to write a book after he left the presidency, he didn't. . .","Oh, right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : tons of letters implies a very large number and not to full a ton ","questions":"How many letters did George Bush write?","answer":"Tons"}
{"text":["We don't presume when we cover the news. But we see estimates. For instance, FiveThirtyEight has her close to a 90-percent favorite in terms of their poll aggregation. If we're just projecting forward - and again, we don't know - this could be a very bitter aftermath.","Forget about honeymoons. You know, I was talking - I convened a roundtable of former campaign chiefs of staff yesterday - Republicans.","And two of them mentioned to me that they thought within the first year of her being in office, Paul Ryan, the speaker of the House, would be under great pressure to bring articles of impeachment.","During that debate, Hillary Clinton kind of deftly avoided any real response on the Goldman Sachs speeches, on her husband's transgressions, if I might put it delicately, and accusations of pay-to-play relationship between the Clinton Foundation and the State Department. Do you think these are the kind of issues that might persist after November 8, whatever the result?","Absolutely. And, of course, the email issues, as well - we saw this report come out last week of a, quote, unquote, \"potential quid pro quo\" between the FBI and State Department investigators. This is something that I think Republicans are going to use to unite themselves."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"Forget about honeymoons\" - This phrase implies that the situation is not positive and that there is no opportunity to start off on a fresh and positive note. ","questions":"Which phrase suggests a negative start and a lack of opportunity for a fresh beginning?","answer":"Forget"}
{"text":["Well, we'll have to wait and see. The purpose, obviously, is to send a signal that those members of the armed forces that choose to work with the opposition, if they are under sanctions, will have those sanctions lifted. And those who might be facing sanctions would not face them if they chose to work with the opposition. We're going to have to wait and see how that's received.","How important is the support that this government has received from Cuba, and Russia and maybe other countries, as well?","It's important. On the Cuban side, some of the support has been exaggerated in terms of numbers. But without a doubt, the support they provide in the area of counterintelligence has been critical to. . .","They send intelligence agents to help work the streets of Caracas, or wherever."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Cuban intelligence agents work in the streets of Caracas","questions":"What is the purpose of the sanctions?","answer":"Signal"}
{"text":["He's had some injuries for most of the last two or three years. He's had a bad shoulder, he has to wrap his elbow a lot, but no injury has caused him to miss a game since September 2001, since he took over the Patriots' quarterback job.","So, is there any suspicion that the injury he sustained yesterday was a result of an unfair hit?","I think some people in the Patriots thought it was, but you know, most of the people I talked to, including a future Hall of Fame safety, John Lynch, who used to play for the Patriots and is a very good friend of Tom Brady's, said there's no way it was a dirty hit. Things happen too quickly on the football field for some guy to say, I'm going to, in a calculating way, aim for Tom Brady's knee and try to put him out for the year. First of all, I think that's vastly overrated. That might have happened in 1968, but it doesn't happen in 2008, because there's too much respect among players to try to intentionally hurt another guy.","So, who is possibly going to fill these gigantic shoes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Football players today have too much respect for each other to intentionally hurt another player, despite injuries occurring on the field.","questions":"What did John Lynch say about the hit on Tom Brady?","answer":"No-way"}
{"text":["So, you know, it was a very, very gutsy move because he and I, we didn't have a quarter. And I'm sure you're saying, well, how did you open up a restaurant without any money?Well, my grandmother, who was in her 90s, was gracious enough and had enough faith and confidence in us to use her house as collateral, and we took out a small 20,000 dollar loan, opened up a 2,000-square-foot restaurant in 1988.","And, the first day we opened, we were dead broke. We didn't have a cash register. There were so many things that we didn't have that I wouldn't dare try to open up a restaurant in today's time without. But in less than the two years - we leased the building for two years - in two years, not only had we paid my grandmother her money back, but we had saved 40,000 dollars. And we took that money and used it as a down payment and purchased our first restaurant.","Well, you know, I want to go to you, Gina, because I understand that there was a reunion at which you two reconnected. Tell me about that, first of all.","Pat and I dated in high school. As a matter of fact, our parents went to the same high school, and we got back together - we dated all through high school, we broke up, of course, and then we got back together at our 10-year reunion."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"got back together\" - This means that they resumed their romantic relationship, rather than literally getting back to the same physical location.","questions":"What did PersonA and Pat do at their 10-year reunion?","answer":"dated"}
{"text":["What does Disney get?I mean, what that had the label Fox on it goes over to Disney?","So this is a $71. 3 billion deal, and it involves two of the biggest studios in Hollywood. So there's a lot of names involved in this in TV and film that folks will recognize. So Disney gets outlets like 20th Century Fox Television, which produces shows like \"Empire\" and \"Modern Family. \"They get Fox animation and National Geographic partners. Now, Fox, meanwhile, has created this slimmed-down company to include a lot of the stuff that Disney didn't buy. So they have Fox News Channel, Fox Business network, the Fox broadcast network and Fox Sports. And in fact, the former speaker of the House Paul Ryan was named to the board of that new Fox Corporation.","So Rupert Murdoch's family which, of course, has controlled Fox - Murdoch keeps the stuff which, we can imagine, is closest to his heart, like the Fox News Channel and gets rid of some of this other stuff.","Right, a company that's a little more focused on news and sports."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Rupert Murdoch's family has given up some of their media outlets, like 20th Century Fox Television, in the deal, but kept the outlets closest to their heart, like Fox News Channel.","questions":"What outlets did Rupert Murdoch's family keep in the deal?","answer":"Fox-News-Channel"}
{"text":["I was singing that one time, and that line came out. I was like, we will always sing. We will always sing. And it's because when I think about the struggles that black Indigenous people of color face, that line of, we will always sing - that just kind of shows, no matter what, we're always going to be standing back up.","(Singing) Even when you look at me, your heart so full, I'll think of you from a nice place.","I know that you've been pretty vocal about being uncomfortable with white men at your shows.","Oh, yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : not a heart literally full of something, but full as in happy or content","questions":"Which type of heart is being referred to in Turn 1?","answer":"Metaphorical"}
{"text":["The protests haven't been as widespread as people have expected. But nonetheless, these protests are continuing. And it's a show and a sign that the world is not standing by Trump and his declaration and his pronouncements and certainly not his positions.","Well - and yet the Saudi crown prince is reported to have urged Mahmoud Abbas, the Palestinian president, to accept a very limited state noncontiguous with most settlements remaining. And we've also heard sort of similar backroom discussions from Egypt and other countries in the region.","Yes. You're absolutely right. There hasn't been a time in - since 1967 where Saudi Arabia has been on the right side when it comes to Palestinian rights. The real question is whether Mahmoud Abbas is going to sign something like that. And as much as he's somebody I criticize and I'm not a fan of, this is not an agreement that I see him signing onto because it doesn't even ensure that Palestinian rights are being protected.","Instead, it legitimates the settlements that are illegal. It removes Jerusalem - Palestinian Jerusalem. And it is effectively doing away with the Palestinian right of return. So this is not something that any Palestinian leader, including Mahmoud Abbas, is going to sign onto."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The protests are still significant despite not being widespread","questions":"What does the agreement urged by the Saudi crown prince do to Palestinian Jerusalem?","answer":"Removes"}
{"text":["I gather - at first, you thought this might be a short book. Why?","I thought, and actually, at first, I didn't want to do it when it was proposed to me. And I was even a little bit offended by the fact that someone wants to kind of lump this very, very large region into one book. You know, the Nordics is a geographical region. It's not really a cultural region.","Now, our research team tells us split pea soup is a dish that reaches across the region we're talking about.","It is. One thing that ties the whole region together is the fact that you'll have four very distinctive seasons, and at least one of them, regardless where in the region you are, is going to be a season where you can't really harvest any plant materials for food. So a lot of those dishes that are based on something that can be stored really well through winter like, for example, the dried peas for the split pea soup, they are actually dishes that you can find, if not in the whole region, at least in parts of it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  I thought, and actually, at first, I didn't want to do it when it was proposed to me. And I was even a little bit offended by the fact that someone wants to kind of lump this very, very large region into one book. You know, the Nordics is a geographical region. It's not really a cultural region.  In this turn, the speaker is expressing their initial reluctance and offense towards the idea of creating a book that encompasses the entire Nordic region. The literal meaning of the statement is clear, but the implicated meaning goes beyond the words themselves. The speaker implies that the cultural diversity within the Nordic region is significant and should not be oversimplified or generalized.","questions":"What was the PersonA's initial reaction to the proposal of creating a book about the Nordic region?","answer":"Offended"}
{"text":["Yeah. And, of course, the child actors and their parents want success, too, don't they?They're ambitious.","They're ambitious. They want what it appears is coming easily to everyone else. I was incredibly lucky. My mother was not a stage parent. The boundaries weren't blurred between her career and mine. There are a lot of parents out there willing to look away to let things happen.","The more heartbreaking one to me - no, it's just a different form of heartbreaking - are the parents who are just ignorant to how this business works. And they can be told something like, oh, we all go out to dinner together. Oh, now it's just me and the boy, or now it's just me and the girl.","Among the sentences in your article that chilled me was this one - sexual predation has been part of the movie business since \"The Great Train Robbery,\" and since then, it has been systematically swept under the rug."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 4) \"B: Every now and then in the family, if we want to gently or comically upbraid each other, we go, (imitating accent) your ganache lacks shine.\" implies that B and their family use the phrase \"your ganache lacks shine\" as a comical way of teasing or joking with each other. The literal meaning is just a description of B's words and actions.     Was this response better or worse? Better Worse Same","questions":"What phrase does PersonB and their family use to gently or comically upbraid each other?","answer":"ganache"}
{"text":["If I hear you right, you're saying the process worked. Somebody who thought they saw behavior - not - I'm not asking you to characterize it - but thought they saw behavior that they were uncomfortable with or that crossed a line - that they were able to report it through the proper channels. It maybe took a little while, but it has reached the people it was intended to reach.","That would be correct. As a whistleblower fan, I think the process worked the right way.","Given that, can you speak to the delay that it took to reach the intelligence committees?The DNI knew about this for a while, and it wasn't reported.","Yeah, unfortunately, I would not have optic to that, which is a good reason because I think the individuals that are in the center of that circle need to remain small and precise in - to protect the whistleblower."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The behavior was unacceptable to what the people would accept.","questions":"Which behavior crossed a line according to the turn 0?","answer":"behavior"}
{"text":["Good morning.","So why do you think the jury could not make a unanimous decision?","Well, obviously, it was - there was a split. We don't know what the split was because, apparently, that's confidential under Pennsylvania law. But, you know, who knows?Even though jurors are not supposed to speak about other jurors, that may end up leaking out.","The prosecution did not prove their case beyond a reasonable doubt. On the other hand, the defense also did not get an acquittal. And so this case is going to be tried again. I did represent one - the other accuser who was permitted to testify, Kelly Johnson. And I admire both Kelly and Andrea for their courage in testifying in such a high-profile case. And I've said, you know, we can never underestimate the blinding power of celebrity, but justice will come."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"But, you know, who knows?\" - The literal meaning of this turn is simply acknowledging the uncertainty of the situation. The implied meaning, however, could be interpreted as a sarcastic remark indicating the speaker's lack of faith in the legal system's ability to keep information confidential.","questions":"What was the PersonA's reaction to the legal system's ability to keep information confidential?","answer":"Lack"}
{"text":["And what they're suggesting is that you can lose spin from the Earth-moon system and transfer it to the sun-Earth system. And it's a very complex calculation. I mean, it's not just trivial that it took 30, 40 years to figure this out. But once that is on the table, and you say hey, I can start with an Earth that's spinning with a period of two hours, now you have an Earth, that if you were to look at this - and you can download the simulations from Science magazine - and you can see that - or from Harvard - and you can see that this Earth looks kind of like a muffin.","It's spinning so fast, it's got kind of a two-to-one axis ratio. And so their solution is hey, I can make the moon out of Earth's mantle, I'll just sort of hit it with a tiny projectile - you know, not tiny but much smaller than we thought previously - so Theia becomes smaller.","And you hit it, and off of the equator of this rapidly spinning muffin comes this stuff, and it's mostly Earth's mantle.","Little muffin that becomes the moon."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The moon was once a part of the Earth.","questions":"Which celestial body was once a part of Earth?","answer":"moon"}
{"text":["Not defend - or explain it or, like, make a joke out of it. Or. . .","Well, I mean, that's what we - that's what a comedian does anyway. We're just making light of things that are going on. Or we're pointing out an injustice and trying to make it funny. Or we're trying to ultimately entertain. But, you know, sometimes, some comics - you know, they want to be social justice warriors. I don't ever feel like I have to 'cause I'm already multiracial, multiethnic as it is anyway?","What is your background?","Well, I'm just mixed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is to state that the speaker is of mixed racial and\/or ethnic heritage. However, the actual meaning is to downplay the significance of the speaker's racial and ethnic identity.","questions":"Which identity trait does the speaker downplay?","answer":"speaker"}
{"text":["They're very abstract. I talked with Heather Heckman, who's at the University of South Carolina Libraries, and they loaned us some of this Vishniac footage. And she was, like, it's almost like avant-garde film because, you know, you look at these oyster larvae pulsating, and you don't know what they are. They're just - but it's really beautiful.","So we talked - so we learn about Vishniac and also sort of figure out how things have changed since the '50s, '60s and '70s, which is when he was doing his work. And we spoke with Wim van Egmond, who's this Dutch photographer who wins all these Nikon Small Worlds contests. I think people who follow this will know his name. But he makes these beautiful, microscopic videos and videos through the microscope and photos, too.","And they're all one-celled creatures?","Not all of them."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"it's almost like avant-garde film\" - this is a figurative expression meaning that the footage is very abstract and unconventional, similar to avant-garde films, rather than a literal comparison to a specific genre of film.","questions":"How would you describe the Vishniac footage?","answer":"Abstract"}
{"text":["But second, I said you have to step up, Mr.  President. The moment you jump into this issue, you learn how complicated it is, how many decades in the making it is. But this is on our watch. This is our time, and these are your constituents, Mr.  President, just as they are mine.","And so to me, this is an opportunity to educate, an opportunity to pressure. And whether it is out of his heart or out of the movement that we build or just out of some people's disgust - because disgust for all of us should be in our hearts right now that we let Americans live on our streets and in shelters in the richest country on the face of the earth. So we will push, push, push this president and this administration to join this fight until the last day we're around.","That is the mayor of Los Angeles, Eric Garcetti.","Mr.  Mayor, thanks so much for talking to us.","Great to be with you, Michel. Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Step up,\" \"jump\" and \"our watch\" are all figurative, not literal. They mean that the President needs to take action on the issue and, in the last case, that the political party is in control now and has to take responsibility for governing.","questions":"What do the figurative expressions \"step up,\" \"jump,\" and \"our watch\" mean in the dialogue?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["It is largely an age distinction. There are younger people who think that our geography has now trumped our history. We are in the world where it's more relevant than the ties we used to have. But for an older generation, those ties are really important, especially when it comes to war, and World War I and World War II, and New Zealand lost more soldiers per the population than most countries in the world. And they died and served under that flag.","Well, what are some of the alternatives that have been proposed?","The prime minister, John Key, here is a big fan of the silver fern. We have a symbol that we use on our sporting outfits. And one of our major teams, which is literally of a plant, a wee fern plant on a black background. For others, though, that's a bit too much like a brand or a logo than really a sovereign flag. There are artists who have come up with sort of designs of white skies and - 'cause, you know, it's also known as (Foreign language spoken) in Maori, the land of the long white cloud. There are Maori, the native people here, have independence flag that are talked about. So, quite a lot of options on the table to be debated.","Who gets to choose?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is largely an age distinction. There are younger people who think that our geography has now trumped our history. We are in the world where it's more relevant than the ties we used to have. But for an older generation, those ties are really important, especially when it comes to war, and World War I and World War II, and New Zealand lost more soldiers per the population than most countries in the world. And they died and served under that flag.  In this turn, the implied meaning is that the younger generation values geography and current circumstances more than historical ties, while the older generation places significant importance on the historical connections, particularly in the context of war and the sacrifices made under the existing flag. The literal meaning would simply state the generational differences in perspective and the historical significance of the flag.","questions":"How do younger people view historical ties compared to older generations in regards to the flag?","answer":"Geography"}
{"text":["From NPR News, I'm Farai Chideya. For Wednesday, February 13th, this is News and Notes.","From NPR News, This s News and Notes. I'm Farai Chideya. The White House race only gets hotter, especially if you're John McCain. Yesterday the Arizona Senator picked up the Potomac primary wins in Washington, D. C.  and Maryland. He also took Virginia, where Mike Huckabee put up a good fight. The victories are edging McCain closer to the GOP candidate seat, and as for the Democrats, yesterday was all Barack Obama. He swept the Potomac Primaries and stacked up key delegate points. Joining me now to sort through the numbers is Ron Elving. He's NPR's senior Washington editor. Hi, Ron.","Hello, Farai.","So how many delegates did McCain pick up?","McCain picked up a little over a hundred, possibly as many as 113, depending on how they sort out Maryland. But he got everything in Virginia, all 30 delegates, despite the fact he only won by nine percentage points. That's the way the Republican rules work. You can win certain winner take all states, no matter what your plurality or majority may be, you get all the delegates. So he did that in Virginia and the District of Columbia and he'll get virtually all of the delegates in Maryland. So he picked up somewhere between 100 and 113 delegates. It puts him pretty much out of sight. He's got more than three times as many as Mike Huckabee."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : John McCain is doing well in the Republican primaries.","questions":"What is the name of the NPR News anchor mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Farai"}
{"text":["She says, look, we've got to do something some investment on sort of global warming issues, energy, independence issues. Let's use the recession to start creating a green economy.","Now, when you look at someone who is no longer in the race, John Edwards, he was often portrayed by supporters and portrayed himself as someone who was going to make ending poverty the center of his campaign. How would his approach have differed from both Senators Obama and Clinton?","Well, actually it turns out at the end of the day, the Edwards approach is fairly similar to sort of a combination of the Clinton and Obama proposals, and that's not surprising. Because John Edwards was the person who came out with a plan first - I thought it was the best plan - and the other candidates fit in in a lot of issues, actually copied John Edwards. In fact, John Edwards was - has truly been a forcing figure during this election, compelling Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton, both, to be more progressive than they might otherwise have been.","Well, let's talk a little bit about political philosophy. We've talked a bit about trickle-down economics, but then there's also the model of the government getting directly involved. Certainly ending the great depression by creating jobs itself - everything from jobs for writers and artists to road building, infrastructure. That does not seem to be a model that's been followed, certainly not to that extent - in decades. Is that even on the table, the whole prospect of the government actually stepping in and doing job creation itself?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"John Edwards was - has truly been a forcing figure during this election, compelling Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton, both, to be more progressive than they might otherwise have been.\" - The literal meaning is that John Edwards has pushed Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton to be more progressive in their policy proposals. The actual meaning is that John Edwards has had a significant impact on the policy proposals of the other candidates and has influenced the overall political discourse during the election.","questions":"What impact did John Edwards have on the policy proposals of Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton during the election?","answer":"Influence"}
{"text":["It's a pleasure to be here. And I'm one of many people who are running the Dog Aging Project.","What do you folks hope to learn?","We're trying to create the largest long-term study of aging in dogs that anyone has ever done, with the goal of trying to understand how genes and environment determine healthy aging in dogs.","So it's not just that old rule of thumb that one year is seven years in a dog's life?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the speaker is not actually asking if the study is disproving the old rule of thumb that one dog year is equivalent to seven human years. Rather, they are asking if the study is more complex and nuanced than that oversimplified rule, and if it takes into account factors such as genetics and environment in determining a dog's age.","questions":"Which factor is the speaker asking if the study takes into account in determining a dog's age?","answer":"Genetics"}
{"text":["Well, no, I don't think so, but it's really not just about resignations. What people really want to see is a change of the system, not just a personnel change. But what we know is that even if we magically fixed Ferguson overnight, it would be an island of justice in a sea of injustice.","At the same time, Mr.  French, how do you keep the public safe?How do you get anyone to become a good police officer if they're getting - if they feel they might be shot by the citizens?","You're absolutely right. I mean, the tragic thing here - and this is the crisis that we find ourselves in in St.  Louis - is that communities need police; especially communities with high crime, like many of our communities do have it in St.  Louis. We need police. And an order for police to be effective they need the trust of the community. And so what I feel like is we have not acted quick enough. That in fact we had an opportunity over this fall and winter to do a lot of this hard work before we get into what is traditionally the high crime times of spring and summer. And it's been warm here for a couple of days and we've already seen a very high spike in crime, including the tragic death of a 5-year-old boy. So we've got a lot of work to do and we need to get to the business of doing it very quickly.","How has the protest movement changed - maybe in terms of what its objectives are - and are there different factions now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The community needs to act quickly to restore trust and safety in the community. ","questions":"What is the main concern of the community in St. Louis?","answer":"Safety"}
{"text":["With us now, author and economist Julianne Malveaux, she is president of Bennett College. Welcome, Dr.  Malveaux.","Greetings, Farai. How are you?","I'm doing well, but some people aren't. And let's talk about these figures and really, what is shifting in our economy right now in terms of the different sectors where people are losing these tens of thousands of jobs?","Well, people are looking ahead and they're very uncertain, and that's what we see in markets. We see people laying people off. We also have some challenge in financial market. Certainly, the Bear Stearns' crisis raises all kinds of questions. The housing market, of course, we've talked about that on this program several times, but the fact is that we see a stagnancy. We don't see growth. We see houses that are overvalued. Lots of people in mortgage crisis. People who bought homes within the last five years finding that they overpaid for their homes and they couldn't sell them in what they paid for them, so they're stuck. That removes liquidity."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"I'm doing well, but some people aren't. And let's talk about these figures and really, what is shifting in our economy right now in terms of the different sectors where people are losing these tens of thousands of jobs?\" - The literal meaning is a statement about the current state of the economy and its impact on employment. The implied meaning is a suggestion to discuss the economic issues and the resulting job losses.","questions":"How is the state of the economy impacting employment?","answer":"employment"}
{"text":["Eastern Congo may be the most dangerous place on Earth, and it's getting worse. A rebel army is moving on the biggest city, Goma. Hundreds of thousands of people are running for their lives. This is the region of infamous ethnic killing between the many people who call themselves Hutus and the far fewer Tutsi.","Hez Holland is a correspondent with Reuters. He's been reporting from Goma. He joins us now. Hez, welcome. And remind us, this is also a region of enormous wealth - timber and minerals. People have been fighting over it for a long time.","At least. It's historically been a curse, what with the mineral wealth and, as you said, the timber, has been something that has been fought over for - since the Belgians. It's always been a place where minerals have been extracted and exploited, and the people have always been just pawns in the great game of any kind of colonial power, really.","Well, now, there's this rebel group led by a man named General Nkunda. He is a former Congolese general. And it is moving on the city of Goma. What are you seeing there now?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The statement implies how resourceful and economically important Goma is, unfortunately it never served it purpose.","questions":"What has been the cause of the fighting in the region?","answer":"Mineral"}
{"text":["There was a point at which radiation was all the rage for everything.","It was. And it wasn't that long ago. In the early 1900s, Marie Curie had discovered radium. Everybody thought it was the biggest and best thing. So they put it into water, so people would drink radioactive water. It was a treatment called Radithor that was sold all over the place. People could buy their own crocks that were impregnated with radioactive compounds so that when you put water in it, you could drink your own radioactive water at home.","What were they trying to cure?","They thought that it would make them young again and give them youthful vigor. People would take it for aching joints, restoring ill health. I mean, it was all these vague complaints and problems.","The cures didn't really take, right?","Well, no. It didn't help at all because you can't actually use radium to cure hypertension or diabetes or rheumatism. What happens is when you ingest radium like that, unfortunately, one of the places that the body likes to take up that element is in the bones. And so people would get bone cancers, and they would get anemias. And it was pretty deadly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People in the past used to consume radioactive water as a cure for various health problems, but it turned out to be fatal.","questions":"Which treatment was sold all over the place and made people sick?","answer":"Radithor"}
{"text":["I think, given what we know about the internal divisions within Iran on some of these issues and the - their negotiating behavior in the past where they've made outrageous public statements and then in negotiations walk right - walked them right back, I wouldn't put too much credence in those statements at this point.","How much confidence do you have that the sanctions and the negotiations are going to be fruitful?","I think that this is going to create the best opportunity we've had in many, many years to test the seriousness of the Iranians and whether they're willing, you know, really, they're - they have a choice between either saving their economy and being part of - a viable part of the region or pursuing a nuclear weapons program that will make them a pariah, even more of a pariah than they are today. That's a pretty fundamental strategic choice. And I think we'll know in the coming weeks and months what choice they make.","Why won't deterrence and containment work with Iran?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"walked them right back\" means retracting or withdrawing from a previously stated position, rather than physically walking backward","questions":"Which phrase is used to describe the act of retracting or withdrawing from a previously stated position?","answer":"Retracting"}
{"text":["He had a very special place in the music pantheon.","He really did, and those people live forever.","Absolutely.","People like Marvin Gaye and Donny Hathaway and Nat King Cole and Luther Vandross. That's why we say the late, great. And people used to say that about my dad, and I didn't - I only heard it about daddy, you know, the late, great, Donny Hathaway. And I say it about Luther as well. You know, his - it's such a void created that it will never be filled again."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The person being referred to was a great loss to the music industry and cannot be replaced","questions":"Which industry suffered a great loss?","answer":"Music"}
{"text":["Yes, I - my mom has a cleaning company, and she cleans for a lawyer here locally. And once she started working there, it just turned into, like, a really big place. Like, it was not easy for her to do by herself, so. . .","You pitch in after school or on weekends or. . .","We took Sundays and sometimes Fridays to clean up the office, which was probably the best days for us because after church, we'd just head towards the office and clean.","And that all went to your quince fund."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A's mom's cleaning company grew rapidly after taking on the lawyer's office as a client","questions":"How did PersonA's mom's cleaning company expand?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["So for a couple years now, Topps has had an app - say it ain't so - for baseball card-collecting and trading cards. These are virtual cards, not the cardboard ones that come with a stick of gum. I mean, it's called a Bunt, and you've tried it out. Tell us what you think.","Oh, it does - I should point out the packs do come with a stick of gum. It's just a virtual stick of gum.","Don't try to chew that gum.","No, that's what I was (laughter) - the whole thing is basically just an exercise in using your imagination, if you're old enough that you need to imagine for this stuff. If you're 13 to 25, which is, like - 80 percent of the Bunt users are - then I don't imagine there's anything weird about a piece of virtual gum showing up on your phone, exploding and then turning into baseball cards.","Well, it's been around for a while. I mean, can Topps call Bunt a success?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"an exercise in using your imagination\" has a figurative meaning. It means that the app requires the user to use their imagination to enjoy the experience, rather than relying solely on the physical aspects of collecting and trading baseball cards.","questions":"Which phrase describes the virtual stick of gum in the virtual card-collecting app?","answer":"Virtual"}
{"text":["(Laughter) There might be. You know, they're a team that plays an entertaining brand of hockey. Their head coach, John Tortorella, is entertainment in and of himself, sometimes a blustery, yelling guy. So there is something scrappy about this team. And there's also something scrappy about this franchise. They've been around for a very long time, and this is the first time that they've even won three games in a playoff series.","Can they keep this going?","I think so. There's no reason that this team can't beat anybody if they can beat one of the single greatest hockey teams in the regular season that the NHL has ever seen in over a hundred years.","Greg Wyshynski is senior NHL writer for ESPN and co-host for the fantastically named Puck Soup podcast. Thank you for speaking with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Turn (1) has an example of a phrase whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. When the speaker says \"their head coach, John Tortorella, is entertainment in and of himself,\" they mean that John Tortorella is very entertaining to watch or listen to, rather than that he is a form of media or content.","questions":"How does the speaker describe John Tortorella's personality?","answer":"Entertaining"}
{"text":["Right.","Just a little.","You could put honey. . .","Yeah. Agave just. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Agave just...\" This turn is not complete and lacks context, so its meaning is ambiguous. It could be interpreted as a response to the previous turn, where \"Agave\" is being suggested as an alternative to honey, or it could have a different meaning depending on the context of the conversation.","questions":"Which sweetener?","answer":"Agave"}
{"text":["Well, they do. But what people don't always realize about the Affordable Care Act is it's not just a discrete program in and of itself. It changed other government programs, too, and that includes Medicare.","What was the biggest change for Medicare?","Well, the one that's gotten the most attention is the change to prescription drug coverage. You may have heard about something called the doughnut hole. That's where Medicare would get you a discount on prescriptions but only up to a point. After that, you had to pay full price for drugs until you shelled out around 1,300 bucks. Then Medicaid would help you out again.","Now, some people never really reached that point because when they had to pay full price, they just started skipping some of their prescription meds. So the Affordable Care Act has been phasing out this gap. It saved people on Medicare more than $23 billion. But this program could go away with the repeal of the law.","That could go away, and we should say, once again, that we don't know yet what any replacement will look like. What have you heard among the ideas being proposed that might affect older Americans?","Well, a few members of Congress, Republicans, have circulated their own proposals for replacing the Affordable Care Act. And one thing that comes up in some of them, including in House Speaker Paul Ryan's plan, is a major change to Medicaid. Now, that's known as the program that provides health care for the poor. But it's also the program that pays for long-term care for a lot of older people. In fact, Medicaid pays the bills for most nursing home residents."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"it's not just a discrete program in and of itself\" This turn means that the Affordable Care Act is not a standalone program, but it also affects other government programs, indicating a metaphorical meaning of \"discrete,\" which means separate or distinct.","questions":"Which program did the Affordable Care Act change, besides itself?","answer":"Medicare"}
{"text":["Yeah, I believe there's a certainty of it. I started out my career as a journalist covering races in Mississippi, and every year people would try to give black people bad information, and we at the local black newspaper would find ourselves, you know, working with the NAACP, trying to get out good information. They would go through black neighborhoods and pass out flyers saying don't forget to vote on Wednesday, for instance. I'm sure that tactic, which is one of the tried and true, will be tried again somewhere in this country.","Well, Benjamin Jealous, thank you so much.","Thank you. It's a real pleasure.","Benjamin Jealous is the president of the NAACP."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to cover something in this context means to report on something","questions":"What organization did Benjamin Jealous lead as mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"NAACP"}
{"text":["Are there specific goals you all are trying to achieve in terms of advancing one policy or another?","Yeah. So the overarching mission is really to support science for the public good. I think it's really important to say that when politicians attack science, it's not necessarily across the board. It's certain types of science. So if you look at climate change or public health, they're under attack from certain groups because, you know, they involve regulation or some businesses have an interest in them or there's some political thing to be gained for them. And so what we will be doing after the march is putting out a policy platform on all of these specific areas.","Is that a little like herding cats?I mean, I'm guessing the scientific community (laughter), like any other, is hardly monolithic in what it thinks is the way forward.","Well, this is what we have to do. Right?So if, at the end of the day, we get bogged down in research grants, we get bogged down in having to write the next paper - but we do science 'cause we care about improving society. And if that's what it takes for us to really, you know, bring all of these diverse voices into the room and figure out, you know, how we can be unified and how we can be a political force, that's where we're at at the moment. And we're going to push for that hard after the march."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implication of this statement is that the scientific community needs to come together and use their collective power to push for change.","questions":"What is the ultimate goal of the scientific community's policy platform after the march?","answer":"Change"}
{"text":["So along the way, you met a lot of interesting characters. And I want to particularly talk about a sommelier named Morgan Harris. He plays a big role. He's kind of like your wine shepherd. Tell us a little bit about him.","Ah, my wine fairy godmother. I mean, he's just amazing. He was my - he was really my mentor. He had this magnetic passion for wine. I mean, the first time I met him, I basically sat through a 2. 5-hour monologue that was an ode to everything from the great Rieslings of the early 20th century to the $1,200 bottle of champagne he thought would be a religious experience.","So this is a question - because he is this sort of wine evangelist if you will, he believes wines can recontextualize people's places in the universe. First of all, what does that mean?","And second of all - I mean, do you think that wine really has the power that he says it does?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"he believes wines can recontextualize people's places in the universe.\" Here, the speaker is using the metaphorical phrase \"recontextualize people's places in the universe\" to describe the transformative power of wine to change people's perceptions, experiences, and understanding of the world. The literal meaning of \"recontextualize people's places in the universe\" would be related to astronomy or physics, and not to the sensory experience of wine.","questions":"How does Morgan Harris view the impact of wine on people's lives?","answer":"Transformative"}
{"text":["So you have worked directly with children at the Homestead Shelter in South Florida. Can you take us through one case, one specific type service that you provide now that you wouldn't be able to if and when these cuts go forward?","Generally we provide a Know-Your-Rights presentation to every single child that is detained in an ORR facility in South Florida. Next we provide a one-on-one legal screening with every single child that is in one of these shelters. That legal screening has two purposes. One is to let us know, is this an emergency?Do we need to file this child's case right away?Or are they eligible for relief and are going to be released to another location?If they're eligible for relief and going to be released elsewhere, we will work our butts off to try to find them a lawyer wherever they are released to.","What would it look like for a kid without a lawyer, without this type of legal aid that you're describing?","I mean, you can only imagine. There's no way that any child would be able to navigate this system alone. You know, no child is going to be able to represent themselves in court. And, you know, we see that already with unrepresented children."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Representation in court is necessary for children's cases.","questions":"How important is representation for children's cases?","answer":"Necessary"}
{"text":["I think it is.","Oh my gosh!","I think it is.","This is a huge day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This is a day where a something very important has happened or is happening.","questions":"What kind of day is it?","answer":"Significant"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News and Notes. Illinois Senator Barack Obama declared he was running for president back in February of 2007. Back then, he was the dark horse, long-shot candidate. Some people looked at him, and talked only about race. Other voters and pundits seem to try to avoid the topic.","Now, the economy is in meltdown, and much of the political debate has turned to mortgages and finance. But race is still there say the polls, and author and commentator Tim Wise says so as well. Wise is an anti-racism activist whose latest book is called \"Speaking Treason Fluently: Anti-Racist Reflections From an Angry White Male. \"Welcome to News and Notes.","Thanks.","So, your latest essay is called, \"This Is Your Nation on White Privilege. \""],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : dark horse, long shot implies that he was not expected to win","questions":"What was Barack Obama's status as a candidate at the beginning of his presidential campaign?","answer":"Unexpected"}
{"text":["Absolutely. You would want the most competent, the most compassionate physician that you can find. But those are not necessarily the physicians that they're trying to hire based on the ad that I was looking at.","As you were talking about dual loyalty. . . .","Yeah.",". . . Is there a specific example you can give us to help listeners understand how this plays out in the real world?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : NO NEED OF GIVING ADVERTISEMENT TOTHE GOOD THING,IT SHINE BY ITS OWN","questions":"Which phrase describes the best physician that one would want to hire?","answer":"competent"}
{"text":["Does this mean human beings could return and be healthy?","I think our data don't really lend themselves to addressing that specific question for a number of reasons. Humans are much more long-lived than wild animals, so I would be cautious to extrapolate those findings to humans.","How do you explain that this area, that I think most of us consider to be a wasteland, has so much wildlife?","It was well-established that when you create large reserves and protect wildlife from everyday human activities, wildlife, generally, tend to thrive. So our study did not look at any specific health effects of animals. I think that's important to note. But what our study does suggest is that even if there are potential, subtle genetic effects, those effects are greatly overshadowed by the impacts humans have on the environment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is emphasizing that any potential genetic effects found in their study are insignificant compared to the overwhelming impact of human activities on the environment.","questions":"What is the PersonA's main point regarding the potential genetic effects found in their study?","answer":"Main"}
{"text":["Well (laughter), I was on Capitol Hill. I was actually at the White House. And President Trump didn't meet with us. He was out of the country. But, you know, honestly, I think it was campaign rhetoric. I'm not asking for a handout. I'm just asking for a helping hand - not only Pennsylvania, but West Virginia, Kentucky, Alabama. There's a lot of mines prior to this mine closing that have closed, and you just don't bring coal back. So we need to look outside of the coal industry in the future.","Your region supported Trump this past election. Am I right?","That's correct. You know what?He said the right things. He said, I'm bringing back coal and talked about the Second Amendment, not taking away guns. And that's the big part of West Virginia, Pennsylvania, this corner. And he said the right stuff.","What are people thinking about the president these days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A believes that Trump's appeal to the Second Amendment and support for coal resonated with voters.","questions":"Which two topics did Trump address that resonated with voters according to A?","answer":"coal"}
{"text":["How did that affect you and your political consciousness or your sense of your place in Iran?","Well, my father's jailed especially, but also the way my parents were, always made me feel politically suspicious of whoever was in power.","You know, and I think that I have kept that in a sense. And to be politically active, not in the sense of wanting to ever myself become part of any political group or clique, but there were certain values, certain principles, that became very important. And I felt that that is the main thing, not to compromise those principles, not to be, as my father used to say, not to be ashamed of yourself. But it's really, really, I think, changed my world forever. I could never ever again trust anything. If my father, who, one moment was one of the most popular mayors Tehran ever had - I was in Switzerland at the time, and you know, we would see his picture with General De Gaulle in Paris Match, or with the king of Denmark, with the chancellor of Germany; you know, he seemed to be top of the world - and the next moment almost, he would be in jail. If that could happen so easily, then I realized that anything could happen and you cannot trust at least the political life.","Azar Nafisi, coming up, we continue our discussion. She talks about the sexual abuse she had been silent about and how that influenced her view of Nabokov's novel \"Lolita. \""],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Top of the world\" is not literal, it just means the man was very successful at the time.","questions":"Which word in turn 2 is used figuratively?","answer":"Top"}
{"text":["Your own ministry was, at one point, attacked by a crowd. Does the government have a policy, when it comes to dealing with protesters - particularly if acts of violence occur?","Yesterday, as soon as I became aware that the ministry was being attacked, I came back and I asked for reinforcements, which were immediately provided. So, we managed to have a situation where no one was hurt and the crowd was controlled relatively quickly. This kind of degradation or attacks against the building, such as the foreign ministry, which is one that inhabitants of Brazilia and Brazilians in general are very proud of - it's an icon of modern architecture - are entirely unacceptable. And that for manifestations to carry a message that will be seriously heard and taken into account, they cannot include this kind of behavior.","Antonio Patriota is the foreign minister of Brazil, speaking with us from Brazilia. Thanks very much, sir.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In this turn, the speaker is not just providing a straightforward answer to the question asked by the interviewer. Instead, they are using the opportunity to condemn the violent behavior of protesters and emphasize the importance of peaceful demonstrations. The implied meaning is that the government does have a policy for dealing with protesters, but the speaker is more interested in making a statement about the need for peaceful protest.","questions":"Which type of behavior does the speaker consider entirely unacceptable during manifestations?","answer":"Violence"}
{"text":["First of all, there is a lag time of - it's several months before raw material costs work their way all the way through the system. And farmers will be quick to tell you that they only get 20 cents from every food dollar. The rest of it goes to processing and labor and transportation. So all of these other factors also effect what we're paying at the grocery store.","Essentially the department is assuming that the volatility in the prices for energy and commodities is going to be with us for a while, at least through the middle of next year. In other words, the recent trends of lower prices for oil and other commodities isn't going to last, and if you look at today's spike in the price of oil, that's a good case in point.","John, you mentioned how we'll be seeing this at the grocery store. What about at restaurants?","Well, that's interesting. USDA forecast compares prices of food at home with those away from home. And in 2005 and 06, restaurant price and inflation was much higher than in grocery stores, but that changed last year and this year and supposedly will continue next year. Restaurants are now raising prices more slowly than grocery stores. Basically, restaurants are trying to absorb some of their higher food costs to cushion the blow to their customers and to keep them coming in."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"farmers will be quick to tell you\" - This is an idiomatic expression that means farmers are likely to agree or acknowledge this statement rather than being quick to say something.","questions":"Which group is likely to agree with the statement \"farmers will be quick to tell you\"?","answer":"Farmers"}
{"text":["So you were ready to stand up for yourself?","Oh, absolutely, 100 percent.","Do you ever talk to the students that you went to college with recently, students who were maybe sometimes 60 years younger than you, about what you have lived and what you have gone through?Do you ever tell them these kinds of stories?","In some of my classes, some of the fellows would ask me about the segregated South. I would reveal to them, like in one instance, we had a history major and he was just tickled to death to learn this stuff firsthand from somebody who had actually been through it. Example, I used to tell him that at Norfolk Navy Yard, the drinking fountains and lavatories were all segregated - black, colored water and colored bathrooms, white bathrooms. And the white water always broke down and they drank the colored water."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"So you were ready to stand up for yourself?\" - The actual meaning could be, \"Were you prepared to defend yourself and your beliefs when faced with opposition or criticism?\" It may not necessarily mean the person was physically standing up.","questions":"Which yard had segregated drinking fountains and lavatories?","answer":"Norfolk"}
{"text":["Well, we got some comments about a story we did on a reported drop of media coverage on the war in Iraq. Charles Durn(ph) in Doylestown, Pennsylvania wrote us this. I am amazed how the various reasons given for the reduced coverage skip the obvious. One of your guests said that coverage switched off the same week General Petraeus said the surge was working. The obvious reason is the press is not interested in success in Iraq, especially if it made Bush look good.","Caroline Madelle Bennett(ph) in Rochester, New York praised us for a guest on that same segment. I don't care for much of what NPR puts on anymore, but I want you to know that I appreciate your having Laura Flanders on this evening. She's one of the intelligent voices of which there are so few on radio, in broadcast news, commentary and analysis.","We got a couple of comments on the monthly series on jazz that we're doing. Last week, we talked about how radio stations were dropping jazz from their programming lineups. Melinda Kennedy, who listens on WMUE FM noted this. It's not the music that keeps me from listening, but the radio personalities that host the shows.","And Don Nickels(ph) from Wildwood, Missouri chimed in, jazz has not suffered. Most of the greats are gone, but other than that it is the same as it's been for decades. It is a black genre and has never made it out of that community. Should it have more exposure on the radio?Maybe. But if no one is listening, who will pay?Welcome to what makes the world go round. It's called capitalism."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The press is biased and not interested in reporting positive news about Iraq.","questions":"Which war is being discussed in turn 0?","answer":"Iraq"}
{"text":["Well, do you know, patients liked me 'cause I was really jolly and nice and what they didn't realize is they'd probably been much better off with some mumbling introvert who actually knew something. And in fact, I dreaded it. And my only happy day as a doctor was one sunny summer day where we got no admissions at all and I sat on the lawn outside the hospital and read \"The Longest Journey\" by E.  M.  Forster. That was the only happy day, and in the end, I didn't go back. And I thought, well, what could I do?I'm not qualified for anything else. I thought, the only thing I've done is comedy. And I applied for and got a job with BBC Light Entertainment in radio.","I am among those that think that British humor is one of the great forces for civilization in the world.","(Laughter).","But that being noted, it must be rough to - a challenge to take a comic approach to the Blitz, which is, in a sense, the great national heroic story of Britain."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The speaker is not only expressing admiration for British humor but also implying that it has been a positive force in the world. (3) The speaker is expressing amusement and agreement with the previous statement, not simply laughing for no reason. (4) The speaker is expressing admiration for the challenge of using comedy to tell the story of the Blitz, not simply noting the difficulty of doing so.","questions":"What is the great force for civilization in the world according to B?","answer":"Humor"}
{"text":["One of the things that struck me is some of the comments by some of the women. They don't necessarily see themselves as beautiful. They did not see in themselves the thing that you saw in them. Did you find that to be common?I'm thinking in particular of the sisters from Switzerland with the red hair who said they'd been made fun of as children because of the color of their hair. And you were drawn to them.","During the project, I did realize that women that I photographed were not confident in their way of being. So whenever I posted their picture on my social media, we got a lot of comments and positive reaction from the people. So the women that I photographed, after that, they realized how beautiful they are. That was extraordinary for them and for me because it gives them confidence.","How did this project change you?","I'm much more confident. I'm much more respectful of what the other women in the world have to go through every day because the life is so difficult in so many parts of the world. And this project was a huge gift in my life. And this is why I'm trying to put it out there in the world for people to understand that the world is extremely beautiful. And we should really appreciate everything that's happening in our life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Posting their pictures on social media helped the women gain confidence","questions":"How did the women photographed gain confidence?","answer":"Confidence"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely.","You know, like, what are some of the other barbecue don'ts that come up when all of you all get together?","I think hovering is a big one, people who want to jump on the grill before they've been invited to, people who think they're helping out by bringing a side of beef that they figure you have room on the grill to just add that into your menu, any kind of, you know, presumptuous guests.","What about some barbecue do's?Are there some do's that you wish people would do that they perhaps don't think to do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is criticizing guests who overstep their boundaries during barbecues","questions":"\"How is PersonA describing guests who overstep their boundaries during barbecues?\"","answer":"Presumptuous"}
{"text":[". . . dominated by one single country.","And this in the context of several deals to construct dams with the power going to China, constructed by Chinese companies and virtually Chinese sovereign states that were constructed to accommodate the workers for these facilities.","Yeah. And this is the way that Chinese work all over the region, and then that's why a lot of countries in the region are fearful to Chinese. They're very generous with their loans. Most of the loans don't require any payback. But they send in their own workers to construct the projects, and then obviously, most of the benefits go back to the Chinese. You see that all over in Southeast Asia.","We're talking with Michael Sullivan, the long-time Southeast Asia correspondent for NPR News, now, a freelance reporter based in Northern Thailand and recently returned from another trip to Myanmar, the country also known as Burma. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. And one of the changes, Michael, I have to ask you about censorship in Burma; tightly controlled media for many, many years or decades. Has that begun to loosen up?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) suggests that the government of Myanmar has started to relax its restrictions on the media.","questions":"Which country is dominating the region?","answer":"China"}
{"text":["So, people like him, which I believe there are a lot of them out there, you know, and people like Oprah, for instance, you know, people like that. I mean, they need help. You know, $100, 1,000 - maybe $20 you know, it can help people. And people in Africa are human beings just like you and others. So, they feel the pain. They are suffering every day. So, you know, here I am doing music. I'm not rich, you know, I am not rich, but I want to share a little bit of what I have with the ones that we left behind.","What do you want to be your legacy in the world of music because there's the philanthropy you're doing but then there's also the music that you're doing. What do you plan to do in the future?","I want to be able to play music to please Americans, and I want to be able to make them see just the beauty of music, not just African music but just the gift of music. That's my goal \u2014 to make people happy, to make them dance.","Well, Shiko, I'm so glad that we got a chance to talk. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"people like him...need help\" - the literal meaning is that people like him require assistance. The actual meaning may imply that people like him (referring to impoverished individuals in Africa) require financial aid.","questions":"What is the issue that people in Africa are facing according to B?","answer":"Suffering"}
{"text":["Well, you could say both. You know, in 2010, the parent company declared bankruptcy. There's significant debt surrounding and hanging over National Enquirer's parent company. But you can't separate this from the scandals. The Washington Post, in its reporting, claims that the hedge fund manager who's sort of controlling owner now of American Media says that he's disgusted by what he's learned. This is not really anything new for the Enquirer, but don't forget the legal trouble the Enquirer has been in. You know, it got dragged into the investigation of Michael Cohen and others. It had to, essentially, negotiate with prosecutors in order to avoid prosecution. And indeed, the Bezos scandal may raise the legal stakes once more.","I mean, we've probably all joked at the grocery store checkout stand, like, looking at the headlines - who would ever buy the National Enquirer?Well, now it's like a more serious question. Who would buy the National Enquirer?","Well, you know, in a straight world, you might say TMZ, the digital gossip site. It's hard to know. It's a damaged brand. It is a notable brand. Somebody may buy it as a plaything, or there's been speculation Jeff Bezos would want to strangle it, buy it and put it out. . .","Wow. That would be. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies surprise that Jeff Bezos would consider buying the National Enquirer.","questions":"How did PersonB react to the idea of Jeff Bezos buying the National Enquirer?","answer":"Wow"}
{"text":["So there you are standing in the checkout line, that one with a big sign above it that says express, 10 items or less. You notice the basket of the woman in front of you. You silently start tallying. OK, eight or nine items, fine. But wait, she has a six pack under her hand, and under her other arm is a bag of pretzels. And then she's going for that pack of gum. And you're fighting the urge to scream: You had no business in the express line.","If that's you, then John Trinkaus feels your pain. He decided that instead of complaining about it, though, he'd study it. Trinkaus researches not only the express line, but how many people stop at stop signs and the average wait at the doctor's office. My next guest is Marc Abrahams, editor and co-founder of the Annals of Improbable Research, and the founder and master of ceremonies for the Ig Nobel Prize. He'll explain the data details and why it's the simple things that count. He joins us from WBUR in Boston. Hi, Marc.","Hello, Flora.","Tell me - give me some other names of his studies, because they're all really funny."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : John Trinkaus studies seemingly mundane things, but they can reveal significant patterns.","questions":"Which researcher studies seemingly mundane things?","answer":"Researches"}
{"text":["It doesn't want to concede to American pressure because it fears that if it concedes under pressure, that's going to project weakness and invite even more pressure. And so for that reason, you've seen, rather than Iran capitulating or compromising, they've begun escalating. But I think the endgame for both sides is - there's really no alternative to coming back to the negotiating table.","And there has been a string of headlines from the region involving Iran in recent weeks. This incident with the British tanker, of course, comes right after the U. S.  says it brought down an Iranian drone. Of course, Iran disputes that version of events. How connected are these events?","They're all interconnected. And essentially, the Trump administration's policy toward Iran has been to subject Iran to significant economic pressure and sanctions in the hopes that either Iran will come to the negotiating table and capitulate over its nuclear program or - I think there's some folks in the Trump administration, like national security adviser John Bolton, who would like to see the implosion of the Iranian regime.","And what Iran has done in response - Iran's supreme leader has been ruling for 30 years, and he's become pretty adept at these escalatory cycles. And he's adept at waving both the white flag of diplomacy and the black flag of radicalism and escalation. So on one hand, he sent his chief diplomat - Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif - he was recently in New York City, and he met with a lot of Western journalists. And he was talking about Iran wanting to pursue dialogue and diplomacy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is no actual table, just the hope that Iran will negotiate with them.","questions":"How does the Trump administration hope Iran will respond to their economic pressure?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["So right now, there are multiple congressional committees investigating this issue. We've got them on the House side. We've got a couple on the Senate side. I guess I want to know why is there a need for multiple investigations, and how do these congressional investigations differ at their core from what Special Counsel Robert Mueller is conducting?","Well, Senate Intelligence looks at intelligence matters primarily. Senate Judiciary looks at matters that fall under the broad scope of the Judiciary Committee. All these congressional investigations differ very much in function from what the Special Counsel Mueller does. Mueller works in secret and long, long deep studies of things like finances. And he doesn't bring his results public. If he finds something that's really important, he won't let you know until it's time to indict somebody. Whereas, the congressional committees when classification allows them to be in the open, they live for open hearings. They want people to know what they found.","And what about compelling witnesses to testify?The subpoena, is that a last resort thing or is it just a negotiating device?","Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The subpoena is a powerful tool to get the truth out of witnesses and to obtain documents that may be relevant to the investigation.","questions":"How does a subpoena help in obtaining relevant documents?","answer":"Documents"}
{"text":["Whichever direction the U. S.  is going, it's clearly not great news for the Europeans, who Iran is very close to their borders. It's just next door in the Middle East. And we've seen what happens in the Middle East doesn't tend to stay there and has direct consequences for the Europeans. So the Europeans have been trying to urge, sadly, unsuccessfully so far, for the U. S.  side to show a bit more pragmatism and realism about what it's expecting from Iran.","At the same time, you have said that Iran knows all the, quote, \"red buttons. \"Can you talk about what that means and how that can contribute to escalation?","Iran has essentially been living as a neighbor to the United States, if you think about it, for 20 years. Why?Since the invasion of Afghanistan and the invasion of Iraq, which are two big, bordering countries to Iran. . .","Where there is an American troop presence."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Middle East conflicts have a spillover effect on Europe.","questions":"How do the conflicts in the Middle East affect Europe?","answer":"spillover"}
{"text":["And why do you think Mr.  Mueller should be fired?","Well, I think there have been a number of instances when bias has been demonstrated within the Mueller probe; also, the manner in which the team has been put together, the relationship between Mr.  Mueller and Mr.  Comey; and then finally, some of the details of the intelligence memo that we hope is made public this week would seem to indicate that no prosecution could ever be brought from the Mueller probe. And thus, its utility has been outlived.","Could you cite a single example of bias?","Sure. Andrew Weissman, the No. 2 member of the Mueller probe, attended the Hillary Clinton election night party. You would think with all the talented prosecutors to be asked throughout the federal system, we could likely assemble a team without having to pick the people who were engaged in the 2016 election to the extent that they would be at one of the candidates' election night parties."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The selection of Mueller's team members may not have been impartial","questions":"Which member of the Mueller probe has been accused of attending the Hillary Clinton election night party?","answer":"Andrew"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me with you.","So, let's start with what exactly they are.","Okay. Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors. They're growth of muscle within the uterine wall. And sometimes they can be the size of a dime, and because of their location, they give you severe symptoms. And rarely, they can get to be the size of a basketball before they're recognized.","That's sounds pretty horrific.","It can be. It's amazing how much difficulty they can give to women that, in general, women can have severe menstrual bleeding - the kind of bleeding that keeps you home from work or keeps you from being able to do your daily activities - or they can press on a lot body structures. And they are very common, and it's surprising that so few women know that they have fibroids and that their symptoms may be related to them.","Now, research shows that about 25 percent of women in America are going to show some symptoms of fibroids, but they occur a lot more often in black women than white women. How much more often and why do scientists think that is?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : That's sounds pretty horrific. Implicated meaning: Expressing shock or surprise at the information provided about fibroids.","questions":"How did PersonB react to the information provided about fibroids?","answer":"Horrific"}
{"text":["Explain what it means that the buyer sees more value in the brand of Sports Illustrated than the magazine itself.","Such a good question. Authentic Brands Group represents a lot of big names, some in sport, like Dr.  J - Julius Erving - Shaquille O'Neal, a lot of icons of culture that have passed - Marilyn Monroe, Elvis Presley - and some, you know, other sporting figures and brands in culture - Juicy Couture, fashion, the like. And they see. . .","It's a good collection.","It's incoherent, but it's broad. Let's put it that way. They see the ability to do things they think - in live events, in conferences, perhaps in gambling, I guess. Casinos could be branded with - or certain kinds of lotteries could be branded with Sports Illustrated - gaming, presumably - video games and the like. They think that this is a franchise that has a strong name, even if publication of Sports Illustrated is down from its heyday. You know, you think of such an important publication - the journalism of Frank Deford, of Gary Smith, of the photography of Neil Leifer and others - so many impressive works over the years. That's not what these guys are about. These guys want to draw on that intellectual property, maybe sell it, maybe find ways to wrap new products around - that name around new products."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that the collection is not well-defined or organized, but it covers a wide range of areas.","questions":"What is the collection like?","answer":"Broad"}
{"text":["Pleasure to be here.","How was your lab affected by this?","Well, pretty severely. We lost the great majority of our mice. And I guess probably the clearest way I can put it is to say mice are very - are quite literally our partners in discovery. We really rely on them to inform us on pretty much every aspect of what we learn about how the brain functions.","I mean, I was trying to think about this, too, how - what the right analogy is. I mean, you don't - they're encoding data, as well, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The loss of mice was a great setback as they are vital for research purposes","questions":"Which animals are crucial for informing scientists about how the brain functions?","answer":"Mice"}
{"text":["What happened was there was this terrible murder in a house on Runyon Street. It was called the Runyon Street murders. Four people were killed. And the police set their sights on a 14-year-old named Davontae Sanford. He was young. He was alone. He was developmentally disabled.","And they got him to admit to what he said was, quote, \"something\" with his understanding that he would be let go. He ended up signing a confession to the murders. He was indicted. His attorney, who was guilty of all sorts of misconduct, ended up, in the middle of trial, having Davontae plead guilty to the four murders and get an extremely long sentence.","Eighteen days after he pled guilty - or maybe 16 days - the actual killer, a guy named Vincent Smothers, confessed to the Detroit Police that he had carried out these four murders and eight other murders at the behest of a hitman. So the Detroit Police, even though they had this evidence, didn't free Davontae Sanford. And at some point, the evidence leaked out. I think that was in 2009. And at that point, he started fighting to be released and was opposed at every turn by Prosecutor Worthy.","We contacted Prosecutor Worthy, who didn't come in for another interview. But she - there is this statement. And let me read it."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Davontae Sanford was coerced into confessing to a crime he did not commit and his lawyer was guilty of misconduct.","questions":"How was Davontae Sanford's confession obtained?","answer":"Admission"}
{"text":["Well, it's definitely run by individual nations but individual nations with their systems tied together. And that happens both geographically but also temporally. You know, one of the key tools for observations that feed the weather models are the polar-orbiting satellites. It's so well-integrated that the European polar orbiters cover the earth in each local time's morning, and the American orbiters come in the afternoon.","I mean, that's a sort of pattern that has been essential to making sure that, you know, we have the latest observations from every part of the earth's atmosphere. It's about this sort of continually humming system to step forward in time and correct slightly and, you know, keep spitting out a changing forecast that hopefully gets better and better.","And so up until now, it's been governments that have been obviously calculating the weather for the greater good. But you call privatization a major threat to weather forecasting. Explain.","Yes, it's a 150-year-old system of governments collaborating with each other as a global public good. You know, in the '60s, it was something that President Kennedy saw as a sort of counterpoint to the space race. You know, meteorology was a way that governments could collaborate. But more recently, we potentially have a kind of bifurcation. You know, we potentially have forecasts for the haves and forecasts for the have-nots."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The weather models obtain information from the satellites.","questions":"How do weather models get their information?","answer":"Satellites"}
{"text":["Exactly right. The jet stream - if you remember last year, when we kind of had a winter with no winter, we had a jet stream that was very zonal, meaning it came across the time zones from west to east, and it kind of stayed right along the Canadian-U. S.  border, and that's kind of the separation between the cold air and the warm air. So we were on the southern part of the jet stream, and so we were very warm all winter long.","Now with this Sudden Stratospheric Warming event and the disruption of the circum-polar vortex, our jet stream has started to buckle and meander quite a bit. And so now instead of going primarily from west to east, we have a big north and south component of that jet stream, allowing cities like Anchorage to be very warm while New York City or even areas in Georgia are much colder than Anchorage.","Georgia was 32 degrees when Anchorage was 48.","Wow, is this the same thing that happened a couple of years ago, or am I just imagining this?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : to imagine something in this context means something was unbelievable to the person but it still happened","questions":"What does \"imagine\" mean in this context?","answer":"Unbelievable"}
{"text":["What changed your mind because you did start college for a while?","Well, ever heard of the Three Cs?Civilian Conservation Corps, that was started by Franklin Delano Roosevelt, at that time the president of the United States. And he started that program to get young boys like me off the street and try to put them in places where they could learn a trade. And I joined that, and that's when I started to learn about gasoline engine, diesel engines and heavy equipment.","That probably served you pretty well when you went into the military. How did you get into the military and what did you do once you went in?","After I left the CCC camp, I went to the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth, Virginia. That's where I learned to run engine lathe and I made part for ships. And I wanted to volunteer for the Army, but I was drafted. And drafted and was sent to Camp Ellis, Illinois where I take my basic training and went to - overseas in a quartermaster service company in Germany, first France."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"And he started that program to get young boys like me off the street and try to put them in places where they could learn a trade.\" - The phrase \"off the street\" does not refer to a literal street, but rather means to get young people away from a life of idleness and potential trouble.","questions":"How did the Civilian Conservation Corps aim to benefit young boys like the speaker?","answer":"Learn"}
{"text":["Well, that's the thing. Three areas we've looked at - covering about 55 square miles of the jungle - target one, target two and target three. And the first one was target one, and we found these all these archeological features. They covered hundreds of acres, maybe even thousands of acres, and this is gigantic. And then they moved on to target two, and they marked that, and then they moved on to target three. And target three showed even more striking features.","And we've - an archaeologist has been looking at them and a guy named Chris Fisher, who is an archaeologist at the Colorado State University, who's an expert on LIDAR, and he tells us that there is a city in T3 that is comparable in area to the city of Copan. It's absolutely enormous. The track is two square - five square kilometers.","And if these valleys are so remote, how did these civilizations develop in this unforgiving area?","Well, that's the thing. We're only now starting to realize that this so-called virgin or impenetrable jungle in prehistoric times was anything but. It was very heavily settled. There were many thousands of people living in these areas, and it wasn't virgin jungle. It was more like a tended garden. They cleared huge areas for farming. They terraced. They built irrigation canals. They built roads. They built enormous pyramids and structures."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The jungle wasn't as untouched as originally believed and was heavily populated in prehistoric times.","questions":"What is the evidence of settlement in the jungle?","answer":"Evidence"}
{"text":["But you also said let me reassure you, I've seen the quality of that work. In other words, these plans are viable, credible, ready to go?","Yes, I have. I did say that. Part of my job in the Pentagon was the oversight - civilian oversight of military planning, and one of the things that we've, you know, we're charged with is to prepare options for the president no matter the contingency. And certainly, there are very viable plans with regard to contingencies involving Iran. But again, the judgment is at this point that's not where the focus should be.","And as you know, Israel has - well, has plans of its own - contingencies. And I know a large part of your speech was devoted to the idea that they should hold off and reassuring them the United States would take action if necessary and that Israeli action would be counterproductive. More counterproductive than an American strike?","Well, my point to them was we have a shared objective here - preventing Iran from getting nuclear weapons and that, you know, any military action really only buys time. It's a delaying action for one to three years. It sets the program back, but it doesn't solve the fundamental problem of Iran's pursuit of a nuclear weapons capability. To do that, you'll need a continued international campaign with sanctions, with negotiations to eventually change their calculus."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"And I know a large part of your speech was devoted to the idea that they should hold off and reassuring them the United States would take action if necessary and that Israeli action would be counterproductive.\" - The actual meaning here is not about the meaning of the words used but rather about the speaker acknowledging the content of the other person's speech and seeking clarification.","questions":"How was the idea of reassuring Israel presented in the conversation?","answer":"Reassuring"}
{"text":["There's a couple of things they have to deliver. I'll give you an example. In Jarabulus, 22,000 refugees are there, and the town is dealing with them. There is no international aid there. And so it is up to the townspeople to care for 22,000 people who have descended on this small farming town. They have to take the money out of their own pockets, buy the tents, bring them bread, make sure they're OK. So there is an international aid component to this. There, of course, is also an arms part to this.","But let me tell you, there were two events over the last couple of days that really mean that the rebels don't need international arms. They took two major bases around Aleppo. And as one commander said, I have never seen so much booty. And these were heavy weapons that were taken from the Syrian army.","You know, analysts in the past couple of days have stopped calling this a stalemate. And they are beginning to recognize that the rebels have made significant gains on the battlefield. And the weapons that they took in these two places will make a major difference in the way that they're able to fight. And it also shows that they are more organized than they've been in the way that they are fighting the regime.","We've also - obviously the opposition forces inside Syria have no air force whatsoever. They have been trying to attack Syrian air bases on the ground to limit Syria's air capabilities that way. Is that beginning to have an effect?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Rebels have gained access to heavy weapons through their victories, and they may not need international arms.","questions":"How did the rebels acquire heavy weapons?","answer":"Victories."}
{"text":["And then I decided to come out. Now it's been going on several hours. I'm several streets away from the Champs-Elysees, Scott, but the people - it's like it's the second revolution coming because people are turning over - they're building barricades in the street. We're still - we've got helicopters overhead. They're still firing tear gas. And everyone around me is wearing a yellow vest.","Now, fuel prices have gone up - I have read, I think - 23 percent over the past year. And protesters blame the government for this.","Well, the government - the French pay some of the highest gas prices in the world, like, about more than $6 a gallon, Scott. And the government says it's going to raise the taxes again in January to finance the transition to an ecological economy - you know, more environmentally friendly fuels.","And, you know, for people who have to drive to work - blue-collar workers, just everyday people - this is outrageous. They say they can't make it anymore, so they've come out into the street. And, Scott, this movement has no leaders. There are no unions behind it. There are housewives. There are retirees - regular people. There are people who have never protested before. So it's turned into a movement. No one knows where it's going to go now."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The social safety net is inadequate due to strict eligibility requirements and inadequate benefits.","questions":"Which turn mentions the reason for the outrage of the protesters?","answer":"Turn-2"}
{"text":["Well, I would say that he is a guy that tends to see silver linings in dark clouds. And, you know, this is a man that, in private business, had 10,000 lawsuits over his career, so I think he has a unique ability to sort of quarantine in his mind the impact some of these things have.","And what's the risk in that?","Well, I think the implications, again, is that it's not just about Zelenskiy. It's not about the Ukraine. It's not about Rudy. It's - the can has been opened. Now we have to see if there's good soup inside or worms, right?They're going to be looking for stuff - the House Democrats - that are not going to be very glowing and positive about the president. So if we think these revelations are not good - and now they might get an expedited subpoena power with the impeachment process under way. It's not good.","Does the seriousness of this cast a shadow on the White House?Are they concerned about what, for instance, is going to be coming out today?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Does the seriousness make the government look or feel bad about it?","questions":"How does the possible expedited subpoena power affect the situation?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["They all talk about the shape of the recession. The conventional wisdom for a while was that we'd have a V-shape recession, which means a downturn and then a bounce back up, just like the letter V.  But I think most of them agree that we're going to get something more like a U-shaped recession and recovery, which means that it could be sort of a long period of no growth before we start to go up again.","There's a term people use, emerging markets - countries, small countries that one would have hoped for in terms of influencing the global economy. What do you think about that - about those countries?","Well, you know, the hope for a while was that the emerging economies would pick up the slack if U. S.  growth slowed down. So I'm talking about countries like Brazil, India, China, Russia. And the theory for a while was that these countries had become decoupled from the U. S.  economy, that they had their own momentum in terms of economic growth. But now I think people are realizing that the decoupling was something of a myth.","Blake Hounshell is the Web editor of Foreign Policy Magazine. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The recession will not have a quick recovery","questions":"Which shape of recession is referred to in turn 0?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["And one thing I have learned in writing \"Big Game\" is that the NFL is a big club. We think we know everything; there's all this insider access that the NFL sells. But Colin Kaepernick, Donald Trump - these are outsiders who sort of stormed the club in their own ways. And they try to reveal things. And Colin Kaepernick, by way of this lawsuit, is going to put some very, very uncomfortable people in open court, potentially, in ways that could really expose a lot and sort of open a lot more Pandora's boxes.","Moving on in your book, I infer that Donald Trump might never have become president if the NFL owners had let him buy a football team.","That is the great thought experiment here. Donald Trump - he's tried to get into the NFL for maybe about four decades. If Donald Trump had gotten the Buffalo Bills in 2014, and it's not clear that he was ever close - he was sort of laughed out of the room in some ways - the NFL might have a very different headache or non-headache from the White House. And Donald Trump could be torturing them from within.","Well, why didn't they like his bid for the Bills or any other team he's made over the years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : If Trump owned an NFL team, he would use his position to cause trouble for the NFL","questions":"How might owning an NFL team lead to trouble for the NFL, according to the implied meaning of turn 2?","answer":"Trouble"}
{"text":["So, if you wanted that kind of information, you certainly could have got it. And we know also that news delivery by old media in those days was much better than it is now. We're used to thinking of newspapers as I think, relatively poky. In those days, newspapers being sort of high-tech, there were lots of more them.","They came more often during the day. They were quite cheap, and there are some relatively reliable studies that show that the average urban-dwelling American probably had read two papers a day.","I wonder about this, how did people in the Great Depression think about the Great Depression especially in the early days, because they didn't have the Great Depression to hearken back to that their parents or grandparents had told them about?","Yeah, well, this is an excellent question. First of all, the thing that they looked back to if they wanted to think back to a time of real hardship, it would have been the depression of the early 1890s, which was about as close to them as the depression is to us, but closer actually. So, in the 1890s, you had upwards of 20 percent unemployment."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Reading two papers a day was common among urban Americans.","questions":"What was the average number of papers read by urban Americans?","answer":"two"}
{"text":["Bernard Tomic, yes, who really didn't show up. He put the white flag up midway through the second set. It was a very interesting week, considering that you also had Kim Clijsters retiring as well. But Roddick is the interesting here because of where American tennis has gone. Between 1968 and 2002, American men have just dominated tennis. We were winning a major tournament 33 percent of the time - a third of all majors went to Americans - Jimmy Connors, John McEnroe, Pete Sampras, Andre Agassi, you name it. And since 2003, we've won just one, and it was Andy Roddick back in 2003 at the U. S.  Open.","And so the state of the game has really declined in terms of this country winning major, major championships. And so he was the last one. And the big question's going to be now is who is going to take his mantle. He was a great, great player, and not good enough though in the age of Roger Federer. He was not close enough to the McEnroe-Connors standard and not good enough to compete with Roger Federer and Rafa Nadal, but represented the United States very, very well.","Wonder, too, how sports broadcasters will get through a major tournament without cutting to shots of Brooklyn Decker cheering on her husband.","Whatever will we do?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"cutting to shots of Brooklyn Decker\" - This is a metaphorical expression that means switching to footage of Brooklyn Decker. It does not literally refer to cutting anything.","questions":"How is the expression \"cutting to shots of Brooklyn Decker\" used in the dialogue?","answer":"Switching"}
{"text":["And what's your budget been?","Our budget is around $130,000. And that might sound like a lot, but it's a lot - it's way, way cheaper than, you know, most space programs.","SpaceX probably spends that on lunch.","Sounds about right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : SpaceX spends a lot of money on their projects","questions":"How much does SpaceX spend on lunch?","answer":"lot"}
{"text":["Conveniently because there's an economy to forgery. You only want to give as much as required to persuade somebody that it might be the thing in itself, but never anymore because then you give people rope to hang you with. This is William Henry Ireland - not necessarily the greatest, but certainly one of the most prolific Shakespeare forgers of the late-18th century. He was later found out very quickly and wrote a confession.","Well, while we're standing here, why collect forgeries?Why collect hoaxes?","A lot of art forgery has been scholarly - treated in a scholarly way, but not literature and history in the same way. And actually, I remember talking to my colleagues about this collection and saying, perhaps now, more than ever, we ought to be attending to the subject of authenticity because we've already built another Tower of Babel. And that of course is our Internet, where any kind of discourse - true or false, and all points in between - is fair game.","We can be amused by a lot of this now, but I'm wondering if there are any forgeries here in this collection that had devastating consequences for people who believed in it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that in the age of the internet, it's more important than ever to focus on the subject of authenticity because it's difficult to distinguish between true and false information.","questions":"What is the subject that the speaker suggests we should focus on in the age of the internet?","answer":"Carefully."}
{"text":["Nice to talk to you, Audie.","So to start, back in 2013, what intention of this legislation - allowing migrant workers to drive legally - what was the need you thought you were meeting?","There are about 1,500 undocumented people, mostly Mexicans, working on Vermont dairy farms. And they are, basically, supporting our dairy industry. And the need was that so many of them were living in the shadows of the barns - really literally. They did not have transportation. They relied on volunteers or their employers to get them to medical appointments or shopping and all sorts of things. And a group called Migrant Justice started working on the issue and started talking to lawmakers. So it was a very sort of innocent kind of idea that, you know, we can be a state that can accept that these people are here supporting our economy, and we want to be able to provide for them in some way.","Now, fast forward many years, and the Vermont DMV has many records - right?- of people in the country illegally; people who have gotten these driver's licenses. So what was your reaction when you learned about the cooperation between ICE and the Vermont DMV?","Well, I feel terrible that we facilitated this law and now it's putting people in jeopardy. And that was not the intent of law at all. And so it's very, very distressing to hear what's been going on. As you probably know, in 2017, the state officially ended this policy. But in the meantime, there have been other sharing of information by DMV, maybe not at the top levels, with ICE officials."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implies to not being in support and feeling unfavorable about the result. ","questions":"Which word describes the PersonA's feeling towards the result of the cooperation between ICE and the Vermont DMV?","answer":"Unfavorable"}
{"text":["The director of the U. S.  Census Bureau, John H.  Thompson, announced his retirement this week in the wake of a disagreement with Congress over funding for the 2020 census. The census is conducted every 10 years. The results determine how many seats in Congress and electoral votes that each state receives, and it helps guide how more than $400 billion is spent each year on education, health and infrastructure.","We're joined now by Robert Groves. He's former director of the U. S.  Census Bureau. He's now the provost of Georgetown University. Mr.  Groves, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning. Great to be with you.","Congress has approved nearly $1. 5 billion to fund the census this fiscal year, and it's supposed to be the same for next year. Is that enough?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) implies that Mr. Groves is joining the conversation for the purpose of providing his expertise on the topic.","questions":"How did Mr. Groves contribute to the conversation?","answer":"Expertise"}
{"text":["We're going to spend some time now talking about cybersecurity. Recently stolen NSA tools have been used apparently in cyberattacks in Baltimore and North Carolina. Hackers used this software to interrupt digital infrastructure like government computers, and usually demand money to stop. That's today's topic in our regular segment called Troll Watch.","This is where we've been keeping track of cybersecurity attacks, as well as the themes, memes and conspiracies being pushed by bots and trolls. Joining us now to talk more about this is Thomas Rid. He is a professor of strategic studies at Johns Hopkins University, where he teaches about cybersecurity. Professor Rid, welcome. Thanks so much for talking to us.","Thank you. Hi.","Let's walk through the facts that are known. So as I understand it, the NSA develops certain hacking tools, and somehow or another, they lost control of them. They were leaked, stolen somehow. And they started showing up in the summer of 2016. Is that right?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The NSA lost control of their hacking tools and they were leaked\/stolen.","questions":"Which agency had their hacking tools stolen?","answer":"NSA"}
{"text":["So it's worth pointing out the reason the special counsel did not indict the president was because he said Justice Department policy says you cannot indict a sitting president. What the president's lawyers then argued in this case is the president cannot even be investigated. And the judge said, no, that the investigation has to be allowed to go forward. And if it can't, it would mean not only the president, but - and I'm quoting here - any accomplices could escape being brought to justice.","Do we know of any accomplices?I mean, who might the judge have been referring to there?","So we don't know exactly. But we do know that the president's business is being examined for falsifying business records because those hush money payments - they were claimed to be a legal retainer, which they were not. Third parties are being examined as well. This is a major aspect of the DA's argument, which the court has now agreed with. You have a local prosecutor looking into local crimes, and he's saying, what?No one can be held to account if they did a crime with the president. If you extend this argument, the president could have actually shot someone on Fifth Avenue, the judge was implying. And if he did, no co-conspirators could be held to account if you went along with the Trump lawyers' arguments, according to the federal judge today.","So the Second Circuit has issued a stay. What happens next?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The president can not be indicted while in office ","questions":"Which policy prevented the indictment of the president?","answer":"Justice-Department-policy"}
{"text":["All right. Let's start with this violence. What are you hearing?A bad night from all sides.","Yeah, the country's just really tense. I mean, overnight, there were four people killed in an area that's opposition heavy. And this morning, we heard accusations that they were shot to death because of their tribe. The police chief says that's just not true and that politicians are using that to incite violence. But either way, the killings have unleashed riots in some parts of Nairobi. People have set cars and buses on fire. And in some other areas, there's looting, and some residents have set up checkpoints where they're asking for ID, basically trying to confirm tribe. So there's running battles right now with police. And a member of Parliament from the opposition party was shot in the leg during one of those confrontations. And that's just likely to inflame tensions even more.","Right. And, of course, this is coming before this very important case before the Supreme Court. This is the second time the Supreme Court is deciding on a very important issue - whether or not to nullify the election again, right?","Yeah. If you remember, this same court threw out the first presidential elections back in August. And they said they found too many irregularities so they ordered new ones. Those were held last month. And now the court is deciding whether that election met the constitutional standards. There's a lot of questions before the court, but the central one has to do with violence. The Kenyan Constitution says that elections have to be held in an atmosphere that is free from intimidation and free from violence. But just before these elections, the opposition leader pulled out of the contest."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The country's just really tense means that the majority of the population is tense and not that the country is intense. ","questions":"How does the Kenyan Constitution require elections to be held?","answer":"Free"}
{"text":["Hurricane Dorian, now a Category 4 storm, is stalled over the northern Bahamas. It's moving at just 1 mile an hour as it pulls away and begins a turn to the north toward the southeastern United States. Storm surges, estimated at 15 to 20 feet, are crashing onto Grand Bahama Island. Over the weekend, Dorian left thousands of people on Abaco Island to the east without roofs, transportation and communications. Lindsay Thompson is with the Bahamas National Emergency Management Agency. She did not have any immediate information on casualties.","Preliminary information indicates that there is extensive flooding. Of course, there will be infrastructural damage when you have that level of a storm - a hurricane - historic, as well - passing through an island, which is relatively flat, as well. There's a lot of sand dunes. And so there is a concern for us with excessive flooding.","What about injuries?","Well, we haven't had any reports of injuries. Not that there aren't any, but we just don't have any reports of injuries as yet, if there are any.","Well, how much were the islands able to prepare for Hurricane Dorian?I mean, to stock up on adequate supplies, to make sure people got to shelters safely. Do you think there was enough time in advance?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The storm caused significant damage and flooding, which was expected given the flat terrain of the islands.","questions":"How was the terrain of the islands?","answer":"Flat"}
{"text":["What are the odds that the Iranian leadership, after maybe some public demonstrations of disapproval, decides, well, you know, there's still a lot of overwhelming economic reasons for us to stay in this agreement with the European Union?","Well, the problem is there's still not overwhelming economic interests coming in. If European Union can somehow protect its businesses and come up with some mechanisms that could give Iran at least some promises and guarantees that - moving towards the future, there could be some economic benefits. And depending on that, I think if Iran believes - as President Rouhani actually put out a different statements on his Instagram and Twitter - what matters is national interests, economic interests, whether Europeans can guarantee it without U. S.  We would be willing to remain compliant to the deal. And the supreme leader actually put out a statement approving that, as well. So all eyes are on Europeans right now.","Should the Iranian government be worried about their survival?","I don't think so. Usually, when the crisis like this arises, it actually brings more unity than anything. And I think the more pressure and sort of the more isolation for Iran, it actually strengthens the regime in a way. You know, I don't think that this strategy that some people talk about - and they think that there is a possibility that this could bring about regime change - is at all anything likely. And I think having to deal with a short-term crisis with the hopes that this will bring change - I'm skeptical on that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The statement mean that There is possibility for Iranian government to face difficulty for survival if there is not support.","questions":"Which possibility is mentioned in turn 2 of the dialogue?","answer":"Isolation"}
{"text":["When you think about what that would look like, give me one example, one small example of how you. . .","Well, first thing we have to say is something in the neighborhood of 40, 50 to a $100 billion must be spent on foreclosures. And it must be done this way - we're going to use the FDIC Sheila Bair plan because she has shown working with IndyMac that she knows how to do loan modifications. And that has to be written into the bill.","And then the other thing that you have to do is, you have to develop criteria for who is going to get this money and why they're going to get it, what kind of reporting they have to do, and some prohibitions against being able to get the money if you don't do certain things. For example, we can't be giving bailouts to CEOs who have big stock options and bonuses and all of that has got to be written into the tough legislation.","All right. Well, congresswoman, thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Foreclosures need a huge amount of money to be spent, and Sheila Bair's plan is the best approach for loan modifications.","questions":"What plan is recommended by Sheila Bair for loan modifications in relation to foreclosures?","answer":"FDIC"}
{"text":["There were a bunch of others, \"The Rover Boys,\" a whole bunch, all out of this little, tiny factory.","Wow. Anything like it around today?","There are a million things descended from it. As far as I know, there's nothing really like it that would center each one on. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : bunch of others implies there are so many others available ","questions":"Which word describes the factory's production of literature?","answer":"others"}
{"text":["We know that many refugees went back to the former Yugoslavia. In the 1990s, there was a mass exodus from Yugoslavia. People have gone back there. But the overall evidence is that 80% of the world's refugees leave their country for at least five years, 20% for at least 20 years. And I think we are dealing with both the crises of diplomacy and the crises of humanitarian aid, and both need to be addressed. Our belief is that America has a proud tradition on which to stand in doing both those tasks.","David Miliband is president and CEO of the International Rescue Committee.","Thank you so much for your time.","Thank you so much, Rachel."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 80% of refugees leave their country for at least five years or more.","questions":"Which percentage of refugees leave their country for at least five years or more?","answer":"80"}
{"text":["The resignation of Michael Flynn as national security adviser came after leaks from anonymous sources inside the intelligence community. Anonymous sources have always been a source of tips for reporters, but they've been especially prominent in the first days of the Trump administration. Last night, President Trump called the American news media the enemy of the people. NPR's David Folkenflik joins us. David, thanks for being with us.","Always.","When The Washington Post broke this story, they cited nine current and former officials and said they spoke on condition of anonymity. What kind of editorial decision-making goes in to having a report like this appear?","You can be sure that this rocketed up to the very top of the news hierarchy at a newsroom like The Post. Just the very fact that they took nine sources that they clearly went out of their way to try to check, cross-check, double-check and question what they were about to report that the stakes were that high, that the ramifications of what they were going to report would be so significant that they were going to take this very seriously indeed. And I think you can see that by the solidity of the reporting as far as we know so far. And I think that's also a reflection of how uncertain this story has been to date. You know, if - you may remember before the election, The New York Times had reported that the FBI had found that there were no signs of, you know, such contacts. And I think on this subject, there's a care being given by The Post, by The Times and by other serious news organizations."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This is an expression of agreement, but it also implies that the speaker is willing to continue the discussion.","questions":"Which turn indicates the PersonA's willingness to continue the discussion?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["Yes, yes. And he stood up here and if you can see over in the distance you can see a copula - that's where the Confederates were. That's only a half a mile away. Some sharpshooters go up here, shooting at anything that moved along here. So somebody took a shot, and as you can see from this monument here, the guy standing next to Lincoln was hit and he was wounded. Imagine that that sharpshooter back there had been just a little bit more accurate. He could've very easily have killed the president. And then what?I mean, you know, can anybody name who would've become president?I don't think so. It would've been the Vice President Hannibal Hamlin.","Whoa.","Has anybody ever heard of a Hannibal Hamlin?","It sounds like a burger place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indicating that they are experiencing physical or emotional discomfort, and may be implying that they require sympathy or understanding from the listener. The tone and context of the situation may affect the implied meaning, as the speaker could also be indicating a desire for rest or respite, or they may be seeking permission or justification for their actions or behavior. Additionally, the speaker may or may not be seeking medical attention or advice.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of turn 2?","answer":"Implied"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So, first off, what is criminalistics?","Criminalistics is the application of the physical sciences to matters of law and science. The physical sciences being biology, chemistry and physics, and any question that might become of interest to not only law enforcement but the legal system in general, whether it's criminal or civil law. Questions of science can be answered and aid in the assignment of responsibility and guilt or innocence in certain types of situations.","Duane, why don't you describe to us some of the work that you did with actual cases when you were at the California Department of Justice?I mean, what was your job, literally and physically?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  you imply that something is the case","questions":"Which turn implies that something is true?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["Assuming we know some it.","And that's it. And, you know, we know some of it a little at this stage. These are very early studies that are just almost like proof of principle, that clearly we're seeing the same trends across different mucosal surfaces in body. So perhaps there could be a unifying theory in this idea of restoring appropriate colonization patterns to those sites.","Well, let me ask you a wild question that just struck me. If you overly - if you're a mouthwash user and it kills everything in your mouth or any bacteria, 99 percent of the germs, it says, are you doing yourself a disservice?","I - we - nobody has looked at that. And it's - again, anything that perturbes these communities, you know, there's the potential for pathogenic organisms to outgrow in that kind of depleted diversity community. So it would be wonderful study. We don't study oral micro biota, but it would be wonderful study."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Well, let me ask you a wild question that just struck me.\"  This turn uses the idiom \"struck me\" to mean \"occurred to me suddenly\", rather than a literal physical action of striking.","questions":"Which idiom does turn 2 use to mean \"occurred to me suddenly\"?","answer":"Struck"}
{"text":["So I think - I think we're - we have to understand the complexity of it. I think we have to understand that the president has put together a good team on this. And now we're really looking at the next step. But I do think it's important to underscore that in this kind of negotiation, especially at this high level, you get to walk away from the table once. You don't get to walk away from the table twice.","Right. I mean, you used a phrase there, pick up the pieces. It's not just President Trump and North Korea. It's the president's son-in-law trying to almost single handedly bring Middle East peace after the United States took a move like moving the embassy to Jerusalem. You know, some would say that the Trump administration gives away the carrots, like moving the embassy to Jerusalem, without getting concessions and only selectively applies the sticks, like curtailing Palestinian aid. Doesn't that make it harder to negotiate?","Sometimes it can. Sometimes, however, that - what you want to do is try to rearrange the pieces on the table and do so in ways that are surprising or unexpected and can open space for - for talks and negotiations.","Do you think Jared Kushner is the man to do that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The carrots and sticks refer to how you get a horse to move the way you want.","questions":"Which animal is referred to in the turn mentioned?","answer":"Horse"}
{"text":["Right. So we're talking about the acting Director of National Intelligence Joseph Maguire going before the House Intelligence Committee tomorrow. Now, he's been on the job all of one month. And so far, his role has been to block the whistleblower complaint from going forward and reaching Congress. But there are signs that he doesn't necessarily agree with this position, that it's lawyers who've made him sort of take this position.","He's not a chatty guy. But last night, he issued a statement saying, I am committed to protecting whistleblowers and ensuring every complaint is handled appropriately. So that sort of statement came out of the blue. And then today, there was a report that he had threatened to resign if he was told to go before Congress and stonewall. He quickly responded and said. . .","You mean if the administration had blocked him from testifying before Congress.","Correct. Correct. And so he said that was not true. He said he didn't consider resigning. But it's certainly going to make for a very interesting day tomorrow to see what he says when he goes before the committee."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Not a chatty\" doesn't just mean he isn't highly talkative, it means he rarely says anything. Whistleblowers, out of the blue, and stonewall are also figurative. ","questions":"Which word in the dialogue is used figuratively?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["I have credit, but it was delayed. I've never had trouble getting credit here in Brazil. I've always paid my bills, and so credit's available for me. But this year, the credit promises were made, but then the credit wasn't going to arrive until it was too late to order the fertilizer and actually work out the logistics of receiving it. And so it's changed my plans a lot this year.","And timing is really essential for farmers. So, how is that going to play out there with your 2000 acres of soy?","The 2,000 acres I'm going to plant this year are technically for another farmer. I'm not going to farm anything in my own name this year. And that's common enough, really; I'm not alone in that. Total acreage of corn and soybeans could easily be down this year in Brazil. Most people expect there to be less corn, a lot less cotton, and also less of some of the food crops like rice and edible beans. So, it's caused everyone to plant less than they normally would.","Where do all of those crops grown in Brazil - corn, wheat, and soy - where do they get exported to?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite having a good credit history, the credit was not available on time and it caused a lot of inconvenience","questions":"Which inconvenience did PersonA face despite having a good credit history?","answer":"Timing"}
{"text":["And Kellie, I hear a child behind you. May I ask, are you in a clinic?","Yeah. So I'm inside the health clinic at the refugee settlement.","OK. So you have a clinic set up to deal with Ebola cases. You also have, as you say, thousands of Congolese crossing the border every couple of weeks into the settlement where you are. What is the level of worry that you might get more cases?","People are very worried. I think until the outbreak stops in DRC, then the chances that new cases arrive in Uganda is very high."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The chances of new Ebola cases arriving in Uganda are high until the outbreak stops in DRC.","questions":"How are the chances of new Ebola cases arriving in Uganda until when?","answer":"High"}
{"text":["Well, they're very angry, obviously. I mean, in Argentina, they're already facing really very hard times. Inflation there is among the highest in the world. The economy is - you know, they've got this boom-and-bust economy that's right now in such a mess that the government very controversially decided to sign on to this huge $56 billion IMF bailout. There are strikes and protests over President Mauricio Macri's austerity program, regularly.","And right now, Steve, there's a very highly charged political environment - I mean, even more highly charged than usual - because presidential elections are coming up in October. Macri's fighting to keep his job in the face of a remarkable resurgence by the former president, Cristina Kirchner, who's running with her former cabinet chief, this time on a ticket to be vice president, despite a stack of corruption charges against her.","Plenty of debate to come on who can keep the lights on. Philip, thanks so much.","You're welcome.","NPR's Philip Reeves."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The political environment in Argentina is tense due to presidential elections and the resurgence of a former president with corruption charges.","questions":"Which country is facing a remarkable resurgence by a former president with corruption charges?","answer":"Kirchner"}
{"text":["Anna Sommer Schneider is a professor of Jewish civilization at Georgetown. This past week, the country's president signed a law that would punish anyone who suggests Poland was complicit in the Holocaust. Critics, including Israel and the U. S.  State Department, say the law will stifle discussion about those atrocities and cover up the role of Poles who killed or denounced Jews during World War II. For Schneider, this debate is personal. In 1977, she was born in the same town as Poland's most infamous concentration camp.","Despite the fact that I was born and raised literally in the shadows of the gas chambers, there was very little information available for me at that time - what Auschwitz really was.","Auschwitz was a taboo topic in her family. And the word Holocaust was not widely used in communist Poland. But as Schneider grew older, she wanted to learn more about what had happened during the war. She got her Ph. D.  in Jewish studies, eventually converted to Judaism. And for the last two decades, she's given tours of Auschwitz. She tells me even today, people see Jews in Poland as others, highlighting a long history of anti-Semitism in the country.","When we teach about Holocaust in Polish classrooms today, we often talk about Jews as strangers who lived in our country."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The new law signed by the president of Poland will stifle discussions on the atrocities committed by Poles against Jews during the Holocaust.","questions":"What is the subject of the law signed by the president of Poland?","answer":"Law"}
{"text":["Or probably not their wives, actually.","(Laughter) No, they were mistresses. They were wives. As as everybody explained to me, this was pre-AIDS. You know, the swinging '70s. Up to about '82, no one had kind of realized that promiscuity can bounce back and hit you in really deadly ways.","So, Roben, there's all this craziness and excess. But at the same time, of course, this cocaine trade brought a world of violence to Miami. And you talk about the murder rate in Dade County, which is doubling in just a couple of years.","You think about the combustibility in those wild cash profits. And on top of the fact, in 1980, Fidel Castro says that he's flushing his toilets on the United States. He unleashes 125,000 refugees - maybe 10,000 to 15,000 of those were criminals. Some of the most violent ones indeed had their weapons of choice tattooed on the inside of their lips. So Miami was really ill-prepared to handle that inundation. There were race riots going on. And amid all of this, you have the hot pursuit of cocaine, money and sex and speedboats. And lots of really deranged things, in 20\/20 hindsight, happened in that midst."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In the 70s and early 80s, promiscuity was common and not well-understood as a health risk.","questions":"How was promiscuity viewed in the 70s and early 80s?","answer":"Common"}
{"text":["I'm not so sure that it was missed, per se. I think it's been there at the forefront of the news for a really long time. I just don't think that we saw the potential that it would impact the election in the way that it did, insofar as it's tied up in these other economic and social struggles that are occurring within the same communities.","And to be clear again, you're not saying that people that have a problem with opioids or drug or alcohol voted for Donald Trump so much as people who live in those communities that have been affected by it statistically in your study voted for Donald Trump.","Well, that's right. And I can't say necessarily who voted for Donald Trump, but we have to remember that addiction and depression and these diseases and deaths of despair go far beyond the individuals themselves who are affected by them. They affect friends and family members and coworkers and first responders and service providers and employers in communities who are dealing with the struggles of these and experience the same sort of frustration and anxiety that are associated or wrapped up within diseases and deaths of despair.","You conclude your study by - I believe the quote is community level well-being played an important role in this election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : asking for a quote which is not the same as the actual meaning of the statement which is that community-level well-being played an important role in this election.","questions":"How did the speaker conclude their study?","answer":"Played"}
{"text":["Well, he's got two possibilities here. These tariffs go up on Friday. Both the U. S.  and the Chinese economy would feel the pain. Markets would respond. And here in China, the timing is not great. China's growth is slowing. The government has stepped in with stimulus to try and cushion the blow. And higher tariffs would put more pressure on China's financial system. That said, the notion of Xi Jinping standing up to an American president plays into this carefully crafted aura of him inside of China as this strongman leader who's willing to fight back against China's biggest global rival. So it could play in his favor.","Now, one thing that has not been on the table during these trade talks is China's interment of millions of Chinese Muslims - Uighurs - something that has concerned human rights groups here in the U. S.  Do you think that there's any chance that this human rights concern will be addressed during these trade talks?","Well, it certainly doesn't seem like it. The State Department has ratcheted up its criticism of China on this issue, but the Commerce Department and the U. S.  trade representative who are handling the trade negotiations don't seem receptive to having this issue be a part of the talks. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo did seem to separate the two issues in an interview on \"Face The Nation\" on Sunday, saying the administration has to do more than one thing at a time.","And you were just in Xinjiang last week, right?Tell us what you saw there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The US government is not willing to include human rights concerns in trade negotiations with China","questions":"Which issue has concerned human rights groups in the U.S. that has not been on the table during these trade talks?","answer":"Uighurs"}
{"text":["Good morning, Linda.","Who is Loretta Lynch, and does she have the chops to do this huge job?","Linda, she's been the U. S.  attorney in Brooklyn twice - once during the Obama administration now and previously during the Clinton years. And this district she covers serves 8 million people. It's huge. So she has a really long record of prosecuting people, including policemen who brutalized Haitian immigrant Abner Louima back in 1997, a lot of old-school mobsters in Brooklyn and Queens, the man who tried to bomb the New York City subway system a few years ago who had ties to al-Qaida, and more recently, Linda, Congressman Michael Grimm, a Republican from Staten Island who she's prosecuting on fraud charges. Grimm was just reelected. He pleaded not guilty in that case.","Now lots of lawyers were lining up to lead the Justice Department. So why did the White House decide to go with Lynch?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : have the chops to do this implies does she have the skills and abilities to do this","questions":"What was the profession of the person prosecuted by Loretta Lynch in the recent case mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Fraud"}
{"text":["Correct.","And that's the idea?","That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.","Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implies a question as to whether the idea presented is correct.","questions":"How does PersonB respond to PersonA's statement in turn 0?","answer":"Correct"}
{"text":["It's the gear for your grinds video.","The coffee decoder series.","And with some very surprising results. Thank you, Flora.","Thanks, Ira."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It's a video about what to use to make coffee with your coffee bean grounds.","questions":"What series is PersonB referring to?","answer":"coffee"}
{"text":["Yeah. They say that he's the fastest pitcher there ever was. It's just he really couldn't find home plate. I mean, some of the stories you learn about this guy, it reads like fiction. When he was - I think this is around 1960. He's pitching in the minor leagues, and he pitched so fast he ripped the man's ear off.","Oh.","Yeah.","And Steve Dalkowski didn't make it to the Hall of Fame because. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is a simple expression of agreement, while the implied meaning is that the speaker is amazed by the story of Steve Dalkowski's feats.","questions":"What is the implied emotion conveyed by the speaker in turn 3?","answer":"Amazement"}
{"text":["Yeah. Did Joan love Ray, really?","You know, it's easy to think that perhaps she married him because of his money. But it's been hard to sort of root out exactly what she felt. What she said in interviews a number of times was very circumspect - what is love?But I do know that people who knew them both say that it was a long passion - that it wasn't just as simple as a beautiful, young woman running off with a rich man. Certainly, you know, the facts bear that out. It took them so long to get together, and there was a huge price to be paid with both their families.","She really made a difference in the way we think of and treat addiction, didn't she?","Oh, she did, and in such an interesting time. In the '70s, even before Betty Ford had famously stepped forward and talked about her struggles, Joan was convening people who were early thinkers in how to treat people differently. You know, AA had been around, of course, for decades. But there was a movement in the '70s to get people to look at the whole person with alcoholism. And Joan was really passionate about getting the word out."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"Joan was really passionate about getting the word out\" - Implied meaning: Joan was determined to spread awareness of the new way to treat people with addiction.","questions":"Which issue was Joan passionate about?","answer":"Addiction"}
{"text":["Right. So a lot of this book takes place in a world that is slightly adjacent to our own perhaps. And my wife and I are both Jewish, and we really wanted to keep our wedding very small and very simple. We didn't invite a lot of people, and a lot of people were very upset about that. But we really wanted to keep it simple and not have a big to-do. And I was shocked that even when we were both in agreement about that of how complicated it was to just have this small, simple wedding. And some of the things we wanted, I couldn't explain to you why it was that - you know, why must we get married under a chuppah?I don't know, but we both have to. Or, like, the food - I go, oh, we'll just get, like, some takeout. It's only 20 people. We're not getting takeout for our wedding.","And then I thought we were on the same page on this.","I thought we were on the same page.","We've had conversations about this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : on the same page implies having the same opinion and understanding about something ","questions":"How would you describe the understanding between PersonA and B?","answer":"Mutual"}
{"text":["One of the things that struck me is some of the comments by some of the women. They don't necessarily see themselves as beautiful. They did not see in themselves the thing that you saw in them. Did you find that to be common?I'm thinking in particular of the sisters from Switzerland with the red hair who said they'd been made fun of as children because of the color of their hair. And you were drawn to them.","During the project, I did realize that women that I photographed were not confident in their way of being. So whenever I posted their picture on my social media, we got a lot of comments and positive reaction from the people. So the women that I photographed, after that, they realized how beautiful they are. That was extraordinary for them and for me because it gives them confidence.","How did this project change you?","I'm much more confident. I'm much more respectful of what the other women in the world have to go through every day because the life is so difficult in so many parts of the world. And this project was a huge gift in my life. And this is why I'm trying to put it out there in the world for people to understand that the world is extremely beautiful. And we should really appreciate everything that's happening in our life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The project gave the speaker more respect for the struggles of women around the world","questions":"How did the project affect the PersonA's perception of women's struggles globally?","answer":"Respect"}
{"text":["Oh, sheesh. I'll play a little bit of \"I Knew a Lady. \"","OK, I knew a lady too.","I'm sure you did.","(Singing) I knew a lady. And she was fine. She had a pretty face And a troubled mind. All she wanted was a little fun. She got dancing feet. She wanted to get it on. All the Lord's children need to be saved All the Lord's children lost in these days All the Lord's children in the frying pan Good God, Almighty throw up your dang hands All the Lord's children out on these streets All the Lord's children fighting for peace All the Lord's children up off your knees Good God, Almighty Come dance with me Oh, oh, oh, oh All the Lord's children feeling the pain All the Lord's children trying to maintain All the Lord's children trying to kill the brain With two vodka din(ph) And a glass of champagne Don't do it Huh, it ain't gonna work All she wanted was a little fun She got dancin' feet she want to get it on."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I knew a lady and she was fine\" means that she looked beautiful or pretty.","questions":"What did the lady have?","answer":"Beautiful"}
{"text":["This is SCIENCE FRIDAY, I'm Ira Flatow. Remember the meteor that exploded over Siberia and the asteroid that took a close swing by our planet?You also remember that these things happened on Friday, the same day. Congressman Lamar Smith, chairman of the House Committee on Science, Space and Technology, called these two events a stark reminder of the need to invest in space science. He says we need to study and track near-Earth asteroids and invest in research on how to protect our planet from space rocks.","But with the nation collectively tightening its belt and with $85 billion in automatic spending cuts going into effect today, the sequester deadline, where's the money going to come from?Representative Lamar Smith is a Republican from the 21st District of Texas. He is chair of the House Committee on Science, Space and Technology. He joins us by phone from San Antonio. A shout-out to Texas Public Radio, San Antonio and Austin, one of our two most powerful stations is your district, Congressman. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","I'm glad to hear it, Ira. Good to be with you and your listeners, as well.","Thank you. You're going to have a hearing soon, is that right, to discuss. . . ?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Congressman Lamar Smith believes that recent space events are a reminder to invest in space science.","questions":"What did Congressman Lamar Smith call the recent space events?","answer":"Stark"}
{"text":["Yeah, it looks absolutely beautiful.","'Cause I've seen this painting - it's enormous. (Laughter) And I'm trying to picture, A, what that's like for people and, B, why you thought it was important for the public to see it as it was happening.","Well, I think there's two factors. And one is that the painting is - it's very large. So you know, removing it from the galleries would also present a certain amount of risk. And the other thing is that it's not really possible at this time to say how long the research or the treatment will actually take. All in all, this is really the best possible scenario to actually treat it in the galleries, where it can be followed by the public. I think the public actually find it fascinating to look behind the scenes.","I'm sure you couldn't have imagined that the painting would have been attacked with a bread knife, and you're doing quite the operation here. So what are some of the challenges and obstacles that, you know, are making you guys nervous?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is implying that the situation is challenging and nerve-wracking for those involved in the operation, not necessarily that A and their team are nervous.","questions":"What is PersonB implying about the situation and the team's involvement?","answer":"nervous"}
{"text":["This past week, we learned more about Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election. Special counsel Robert Mueller indicted 13 Russians and three companies for an extensive effort to influence the election and support the Trump campaign. Susie Wiles was senior strategist for the Trump campaign in Florida, one of the states that Mueller's investigation determined were targeted by the Russians. And she joins us now. Welcome to the program.","Hi. Good morning.","So the indictment alleges that the Russians pretended to be Americans and impersonated political activists. Looking back, can you remember anyone that fits that description or something that feels suspect to you now?","In hindsight, there are things that I think maybe should've been at least an Amber flag, if not a red flag. But at the time, the Trump campaign in Florida had 70,000-plus volunteers. They were active in person and on social media. And it came fast and furious. And I just don't think we were sensitive to the fact that this might be happening."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Russians pretended to be Americans and impersonated political activists, which is suspicious and may have been noticed by the Trump campaign, but they were not sensitive enough to it.","questions":"Which campaign position did Susie Wiles hold during the 2016 presidential election in Florida?","answer":"Strategist"}
{"text":["I would like to say I have confidence because my experience at NBC with that network and with that company - overall very good. And I have - you know, I hold them in high regard. I do feel that if it was going to be thorough - and you want to find out how that behavior continued for so long unchecked, as they say - then you would have to go back to at least, based on my documentation - that it can go back to the year 2000. So for me, I'm not filing a lawsuit. I am not trying to bring any more shame to him. But I do think that if they really want to get to the root of how this was allowed to happen for so many years, then you would have to come to me and ask how it all started.","Matt Lauer has since released his first statement to The Post. What did you think when you read it?","I thought it was very defensive. I thought - I think he is still feeling sorry for himself. I think that it's really sad if he doesn't view what he did as coercive or an abuse of power.","Have you spoken to Linda Vester, the woman who's made the allegations against Tom Brokaw?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The behavior of the company should be investigated since it continued for many years.","questions":"Which year does PersonA suggest going back to in order to investigate the company's behavior?","answer":"year"}
{"text":["Thank you.","Are there drawbacks to this kind of partnership?","Are there drawbacks to partnering with Bashar al-Assad?None that I can think of, Scott.","None that I can - of course, there are practical drawbacks. Which is to say when you partner or with a lying terrorist, it's not a stable relationship. They're not really good at stable relationships except with other lying terrorists. And there are profound moral consequences to this. And you know, you don't envy Barack Obama in this situation because he doesn't want to be a partner - in a perverse way, partner - with this terrible man and this terrible regime. On the other hand, if you can remove the chemical weapons from Syria, and that's an enormous if, who wouldn't jump at that chance?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is being sarcastic in response to B's question and implies that there are many drawbacks to partnering with Bashar al-Assad.","questions":"What is PersonA's response to PersonB's question about drawbacks to partnering with Bashar al-Assad?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["You know, I give him mixed reviews. I knew Daniel Hahn prior to him becoming chief. I am a former high school teacher. And I worked hand in hand with the police department. And in working with him, I truly, truly believed that he has a good heart and good intentions. But now that he's the chief of police, we have to hold him to the line of accountability and transparency.","Sonia, Stephon's death is the latest of several fatal shootings of black men by police across the country. And some of these killings are not well-known. But they're still happening. What do you feel needs to be done to address this?","You know, I'm of the mind set that our whole policing system needs to be dismantled and abolished. And we need to start over.","And what would that look like?","What that looks like here in Sacramento - what we have done successfully as a BLM organization is we've created community resources, alternatives to police. We have resources in the community that if this were to happen, call these people instead of calling the police.","Some of the protests that have been happening since Stephon was killed have been marches and protests that have filled streets and blocked traffic. Some protests blocked basketball fans from entering a sports arena. How far should the protests go?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Advocating for abolishing the police department and starting over","questions":"How does Sonia believe the whole policing system should be dealt with?","answer":"Abolished"}
{"text":["Is this situation just overshadowed by other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?","I think so. I think its a challenge that, you know, Uganda is the third largest refugee-hosting country in the world now, but I think most people dont realize that. When we think about refugees, we often think about the Syria crisis, which is the world's largest. We think about people who are crossing the Mediterranean. But we're not thinking about the now almost a million people who've crossed this land border into Uganda but have also fled from South Sudan into Kenya and Ethiopia and even into Sudan.","We're also in a situation where the administration has sent very limited aid budgets to Congress. And fortunately because the commitment that Congress continues to show, they've actually rejected those steep cuts to humanitarian aid and provided strong funding - robust funding for humanitarian assistance. But we need to see that funding really get out of the bank accounts in D. C.  and get out to the ground, where it's needed.","Has Uganda been been so welcoming?The international community has thought there's relatively little reason to get involved."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Has Uganda been so welcoming? The international community has thought there's relatively little reason to get involved.  Implicated meaning: The international community perceives Uganda as being less in need of involvement or assistance, possibly due to Uganda's perceived level of hospitality or the perception that the situation doesn't require urgent attention.","questions":"What is the international community's perception of Uganda's need for involvement or assistance?","answer":"Less"}
{"text":["Anna Sommer Schneider is a professor of Jewish civilization at Georgetown. This past week, the country's president signed a law that would punish anyone who suggests Poland was complicit in the Holocaust. Critics, including Israel and the U. S.  State Department, say the law will stifle discussion about those atrocities and cover up the role of Poles who killed or denounced Jews during World War II. For Schneider, this debate is personal. In 1977, she was born in the same town as Poland's most infamous concentration camp.","Despite the fact that I was born and raised literally in the shadows of the gas chambers, there was very little information available for me at that time - what Auschwitz really was.","Auschwitz was a taboo topic in her family. And the word Holocaust was not widely used in communist Poland. But as Schneider grew older, she wanted to learn more about what had happened during the war. She got her Ph. D.  in Jewish studies, eventually converted to Judaism. And for the last two decades, she's given tours of Auschwitz. She tells me even today, people see Jews in Poland as others, highlighting a long history of anti-Semitism in the country.","When we teach about Holocaust in Polish classrooms today, we often talk about Jews as strangers who lived in our country."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The new law signed by the president of Poland will stifle discussions on the atrocities committed by Poles against Jews during the Holocaust.","questions":"How will the new law in Poland affect discussions about the role of Poles in the Holocaust?","answer":"Discussions"}
{"text":["New York City's teeming millions prime target for an atomic attack go about their normal affairs.","Sixty years ago today, America took cover. Ten a. m.  Eastern Time, sirens sounded in 54 cities, including New York and Washington, D. C.  for Operation Alert, the nation's first civil defense drill. People were told to get to their nearest civil defense shelter. So bank clerks, factory workers, shopkeepers and store clerks went down into basements and subway tunnels. President Eisenhower took a helicopter to an undisclosed location. School kids did the duck and cover in their classrooms. The drill lasted about 10 minutes, and a newsreel at the time showed empty streets and silence.","All clear. New York's first civil defense drill is a tribute to its citizens and defense organizations.","The drill was proclaimed a success because people were calm, orderly and civil. But post-drill analysis estimated that 2 million people in New York would have died in a nuclear attack and 12 million across the country. The Cold War had chilling statistics. More public figures began to say, in President Kennedy's phrase, that in a nuclear war, the fruits of victory would be ashes in our mouth. Operation alerts were canceled after 1962."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of repetition or emphasis on certain words or phrases may indicate that they are trying to convey a particular message or make a specific point, or that they feel strongly about the topic at hand.","questions":"Which word did the speaker emphasize to indicate their concern about the devastating effects of a nuclear attack?","answer":"Ashes"}
{"text":["You know, in the post-Katrina era, Scott, the assumption has been that when a hurricane comes, you focus on that and set other things aside. So it was jarring when the president went ahead with his summit with Kanye West. And as you say, it was a major full-media presence in the Oval Office.","But the president's theme all week has been to keep the focus on the president. He's had a flurry of news availabilities - way more than usual. In fact, in the last month, he's had more than in all the time previously in his presidency - very flashy events, campaign rallies around the country, night after night.","And that happens just as the cable operations - television, news - has - well, they've begun to lose interest in some of those rallies. They're not covering them from beginning to end anymore, sometimes not covering them all - at all, perhaps because they do seem to be news-free campaign events, and maybe because they've become so frequent.","Does this week's sudden stock sell-off raise questions about what had seemed to be so much good news about the economy, including that historically low unemployment rate?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The President's focus has been on himself, rather than hurricane relief efforts. The meeting with Kanye West was unexpected and inappropriate during a crisis","questions":"Which event was a major full-media presence in the Oval Office?","answer":"Kanye"}
{"text":["Well, Michael, this is what we do. We interview people. You use that information to decide if they're good or bad, telling the truth or lying. We followed the ambassador interview with our regular Africa Update, which gave a very different perspective on Zimbabwe. On June 12th, we did a very in-depth interview with opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai before he dropped out of the run-off. We got the bases covered.","And finally today, Paul Pierlot (ph) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania wrote in about a segment on how hip-hop websites were hacked by apparent hate groups.","He wrote, \"I'm hearing a lot of reports of racists spewing their ugly noise. It saddens me, but please, please keep the faith. I want to encourage all our listeners of News & Notes to keep our eyes on the big picture. History is about to bust open like a field of wildflowers. I'm surprised almost every day hearing another white workmate, friend and even folks I pass in mall parking lots telling me they are also voting for Barack. Yes, we will have to absorb the sneers and insults of those with shriveled hearts and closed minds, but let us walk in the path of Jesus, Gandhi, and Martin. No, let us rather dance, for springtime is in sight. \"","And that's it for letters. Thank you for writing, and please keep your comments coming.","To write us, just log on to npr. org and click on Contact Us. When you get there, you'll see lots of shows to choose from. Make sure you pick News & Notes when you write to us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Despite facing insults and criticism, the writer encourages others to have hope and support Barack Obama's presidential campaign.","questions":"How did the writer describe the individuals who are also voting for Barack?","answer":"workmate"}
{"text":["I asked Groff, who you will know from her own short story collection \"Florida\" and her novel \"Fates And Furies\" - I asked her how Nancy Hale went from someone with dozens and dozens of stories in The New Yorker to someone we forgot about.","You know, I don't know definitively. It's very hard to tell. I think part of it is that her stories are very quiet and very elegant, and she's possibly not fashionable at the moment - her style of writing. But I find her incredibly fascinating. She creates these lines that are full of a humming electricity. And her structures are so deep and so thoughtful that you don't really understand what you're reading until maybe a couple of days later when you realize exactly the craft that went into creating her short stories.","And they span the gamut. Some of them are highly lyrical. Other ones are satirical and very funny. So we did put together this collection of 25 short stories. They're all interesting in their own way. And you can sort of see the development of a writer over the course of decades.","Right. No, absolutely. You can feel - she's obviously, as you would expect, writing very different things than - in her later years than she was as a very young writer. How did you pick the stories that you landed on out of the many, many ones she wrote?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : She creates lines of written work in stories that sound good and have a great deal of emotion. Also, the way she writes her stories has a great deal of meaning.","questions":"How would you describe Nancy Hale's writing style?","answer":"Elegant"}
{"text":["You're speaking with us from near Manchester, England, at the moment, where there was an attack. You're based in London, where there's been another attack. Can you describe the mood?","The mood is very alarmed. I've been literally corresponding with hundreds of British-Muslim community members across the country. And there is a genuine feeling of shock beyond the last few attacks because of the severity of this and the frequency of it. And there is a sense - a real sense that something has to change.","Now, I know all sectors are feeling this. But, you know, what they're telling me is that, you know, we're going to have to face some difficult questions. Now the only thing is, how are we going to handle those questions?Is it going to be as a community, as part of wider society?Or are Muslim communities going to be a target?That's going to make a little bit of a difference here.","Just briefly - we only have about 30 seconds - how is the Muslim community reacting?This is the holy month of Ramadan, a time of prayer and reflection."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"we're going to have to face some difficult questions\" - This turn is meant to suggest that there are challenging issues that need to be addressed following the recent attacks. The actual meaning of the turn is the same as its literal meaning.","questions":"What is the sentiment of the Muslim community during the holy month of Ramadan?","answer":"alarmed"}
{"text":["And, of course, it's irresistible to point out Franklin Roosevelt, who, as you rightly point out, is considered one of our greatest presidents, still put Japanese-American citizens in internment camps. Lincoln, our greatest president by universal acclamation, crushed civil liberties in many areas to prosecute the war. Are you just focusing on what Buchanan did wrong?","Look, nobody's perfect, of course. And, of course, one of the things I like to point out in the book is that Buchanan had some good traits, too. He wasn't just some evil jerk. He was the greatest party giver in mid-19th century America. He - even though he hated Douglas, there's nothing I could find in any of his papers where he bad-mouthed anybody.","He was a very civil guy. And so people liked him. So that's a plus, I would say. But his negatives was he had no knowledge of how to lead in any case. He waffled when we really needed him - the lead-up to the Civil War. And this was a really crucial time. And he really blew it.","Robert Strauss - his book, \"Worst. President. Ever. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Despite the fact that Buchanan was liked for his civility, he was still an ineffective leader and failed to take action in a crucial moment.","questions":"What trait did people like about Buchanan?","answer":"Civility"}
{"text":["We argued that six months was way, way too short. You're talking about trying to go into archives, documents, find materials. Unfortunately, this was what was included in the legislation. And we've urged the Polish government to open that deadline - indeed, to open the program to people who never filed claims or for whom no claim - buildings for which no claims were filed.","But the Polish government didn't agree.","Unfortunately not. We're hoping that the Polish government will look again at this issue and make this process easier not only in terms of the deadline but also what documentation is required. Make sure that archives are open and material is accessible because if you have a right and legislation but not the means to enforce it - and particularly for many of the Holocaust survivors and their families, virtually all of whom live outside of Poland, it's very difficult. They don't speak the language. They don't live in the country. To address even the administrative issues is extremely difficult.","And what makes this important, so many years after the terrible events we're talking about - after the crimes we're talking about?","We're facing a situation where, in the next few years, we will be living in a world where there won't be Holocaust survivors. It's a population, obviously, that's very elderly, very sick and passing away very rapidly. So we think it's a matter of justice and morality to address and to conclude this issue before that last of that generation disappears."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Unfortunately not. We're hoping that the Polish government will look again at this issue and make this process easier not only in terms of the deadline but also what documentation is required. Make sure that archives are open and material is accessible because if you have a right and legislation but not the means to enforce it - and particularly for many of the Holocaust survivors and their families, virtually all of whom live outside of Poland, it's very difficult. They don't speak the language. They don't live in the country. To address even the administrative issues is extremely difficult.  The implied meaning of A's statement is that the Polish government did not comply with their previous request or suggestion. A expresses hope that the government will reconsider the issue and make the process more convenient, not just regarding the deadline but also in terms of required documentation. They emphasize the challenges faced by Holocaust survivors and their families who live outside of Poland, including language barriers and administrative difficulties.","questions":"What is the issue that PersonA hopes the Polish government will reconsider and make more convenient?","answer":"Documentation"}
{"text":["Well, for me it's almost anything that I'm sent and asked to click on in which somebody else is supposedly really embarrassing themselves. And I'm supposed to find this funny. I'm supposed to enjoy the spectacle. But it's just a physical response that I can't, you know. I clench sort of every muscle in my body and I can barely bring myself to watch it and then end up pressing stop. So, you know, examples would be the recording that was around this week of an employee of a cable company attempting to make a departing customer stay using all sorts of extraordinary arguments, I'm told. I'm told it was very embarrassing for the cable company employee. But I don't know because I can't bring myself to listen to it.","The guy who proposed marriage to a woman at the ballpark - you know about this one?","Oh, this is going to be a wedding proposal that is rejected in public, I think?","Yeah, that's it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : the speaker is not actually clenching every muscle in their body, but rather expressing a strong physical discomfort or aversion to watching embarrassing videos.","questions":"What physical response does the speaker have to watching supposedly embarrassing videos?","answer":"Discomfort"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, our house never got flooded. We never lost power. We have this lifted Jeep because we like to go off-roading. We have this kayak because we like to go kayaking. All these tools that we had, we were fortunate enough to have. So we thought, why not?You know, these people need help. Not many people here are able to help them, so we did what we could.","What's it look like now?The water is receding, we're told, but there must be an awful lot left.","Oh, yeah. There's just devastation to all the homes. Power lines are down, broken by trees. Just devastation everywhere. I mean, mold in the homes is already setting in. Just everything is destroyed.","Alison, do you worry about some of the chemicals and the detritus that's left behind?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4), B is not simply asking whether Alison is concerned about the chemicals and debris left behind, but rather is implying that there are serious health and environmental risks associated with the aftermath of the disaster. The use of the word \"detritus\" suggests that there is a significant amount of potentially harmful debris left behind, and B's use of the word \"chemicals\" implies that there may be toxic substances that have been released into the environment. Therefore, the actual meaning of B's question is more concerned with the potential risks and dangers associated with the disaster, rather than simply whether Alison is worried about the debris.","questions":"How does PersonB's use of the word \"detritus\" in turn 3 suggest the severity of the aftermath of the disaster?","answer":"severity"}
{"text":["Firefighting is dangerous - raging flames, choking smoke, hot, floating ash - but what about the long-term health effects that persist after the fire's been doused and firefighters have gone home?The Chicago Tribune investigated links between fighting fires and deadly cancers that can catch up to those first responders long after they leave a scene. Karen Ann Cullotta reported the story, and she told us she started looking into it after two firefighters in the Chicago area died.","I wrote obituaries for both of them, and I was kind of taken aback that they were both young, and these were what was being called line-of-duty deaths cancer deaths. So I started asking around different fire departments and saying, you know, is this something you're seeing?Is this something that's being talked about?And without exception, every department I spoke with said this is pretty much all we're talking about.","Is it the toxic smoke?What is it?","Yeah. So there's just - there's a lot of questions - unanswered questions. And while there's been research into this for years, it's still unfolding. They've always known that, of course, inhaling smoke is dangerous. But now, these studies are looking at these toxins that are in the smoke and that settle on the skin. So it's not just inhalation. It's actually getting into the skin and into the blood stream from exposed areas."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Raging flames implies that the flames are very strong and active","questions":"What did the Chicago Tribune investigate related to firefighters?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Our concern is that the technology, regardless of where you buy it from, is just not ready for that. It will lead to bias. It will lead to false identifications. People will be put in the back of police cars when they've done nothing wrong. It seemed to us to be a step too far.","Now, on the other hand, Microsoft has provided the technology to a prison. Microsoft researchers have worked with a Chinese military-run university on AI research that some people fear could be used against China's minorities. So to you, where is the line when it comes to helping governments gain and use these kinds of tools?","We need to look constantly at the technology that's at issue and how it's going to be used. We were comfortable providing facial recognition within a prison because the sample size of people involved is actually relatively small. We could be confident that people would be identified correctly. And there was a societally beneficial goal, namely to actually help keep prisoners safe by knowing who was where and at what time.","More broadly, we've supported basic research, advances in the fundamental frontiers of knowledge. You know, we're not working, for example, with authorities in China to deploy facial recognition services for surveillance. But when you get to the bottom foundation for all artificial intelligence, advances in machine learning and the like, we believe that that's where there are real benefits for people able to work on advancing scientific knowledge more generally."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The use of facial recognition technology can lead to bias, false identifications, and wrongful arrests, which is a serious concern.","questions":"What are the potential consequences of using facial recognition technology according to turn 0?","answer":"False"}
{"text":["We tried for about two and half years. And I had this fear that with every step we took, we would learn something that it would confirm my fear that I couldn't have a baby.","She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF.","Tell me about that moment when you first saw your daughter Hazel for the first time. I mean, how did that feel?","Oh, my gosh. It was - it was incredible. I mean, first of all, I was in labor for 24 hours."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF.\"  Implicated meaning: The woman experienced anxiety related to her difficulties in conceiving a child, but was eventually able to become pregnant through in vitro fertilization (IVF).","questions":"What method was used for the woman to become pregnant?","answer":"IVF"}
{"text":["So, you know, Emily, when your sister is in and out of the hospital, and you're bringing her books, you talk about teaching her about emotions. Can you just give an example of what you mean by that?Like, what is a conversation you had to have with your sister?","Well, it mostly happened, like, your emotions are biological events that happen in your body. It's physiological, real. Emotions are not just in your head. They are all over your body, in your chemistry. So she's reading these books, and she sees the word rage on the page and spontaneously bursts into sobs. And she calls me on the phone, and is like, your book here says that feelings are physical.","I was like, you're a choral conductor who expresses emotion through your body. You practice yoga. And she still, sort of, had not put it together that just because you've dealt with the stressors, that doesn't mean that you've dealt with the physical event of the stress in your body.","One of the lessons in your book is about completing the stress cycle. I loved this analogy of yours, this idea of a lion. Explain the concept of completing the stress cycle through the lion, Emily."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Emotions are not just a mental state but have a physical aspect to them.","questions":"How are emotions experienced?","answer":"Physical"}
{"text":["From the studios of NPR West, this is Day to Day. I'm Alex Cohen. Scrapping the car czar. President Obama has chosen not to appoint one person to oversee the restructuring of the troubled auto industry. For more on why the president is switching gears we're joined now by Justin Hyde of the Detroit Free Press. And Justin, why did President Obama decide to get rid of this car czar position?","Well, it's becoming clear that the auto industry is probably going to have too many problems for just one person to handle. GM and Chrysler are going to be submitting plans to the administration tomorrow to explain how they deserve the 17. 4 billion that the government has lent them and whether they might be able to receive even more aid in the future.","The Obama administration has several very tough questions to answer about the future of this industry and hundreds of thousands of jobs that are tied into it. It's just going to take more work than one person can give.","So in lieu of a car czar, there will be this Presidential Task Force on Autos. Who will be heading up that group?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Getting rid of the person that was chosen to lead a committee regarding the automobile industry. The president is changing is mind on this and Justin Hyde can tell us why.","questions":"What position did President Obama decide not to appoint anyone for?","answer":"Car"}
{"text":["Well, some people put onion in. Others say no. Some people put a dash of white wine in. Others say you couldn't possibly do that.","Oh, this is a foodie controversy, not a controversy controversy.","Oh, yeah, it's a foodie controversy, and it truly, in this case, it's not that important.","(Laughter) I understand there's a social media campaign going on now in the food world to support relief following the earthquake."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that the conversation has changed from discussing the recipe to talking about the social media campaign for relief following the earthquake.","questions":"Which topic did the conversation shift to in turn 3?","answer":"relief"}
{"text":["Well, we're interested in understanding, one, what are all the metabolites or small molecules that are under the control of the circadian clock in these post-harvest vegetables and fruits?So in things like zucchini and carrots and sweet potato, we would expect a different sweet of metabolites to be regulated by the clock. So we'd like to know what those are. And then we'd like to know what kind of conditions could be used to make this a practical - if it turns out that we can really make a difference in nutritional quality then. . .","Right.",". . . we would want to design a simply way to keep the clock running. And we know that plants can respond to just pulses of light in ways that can control or set their clock. And so we'd like to investigate what are the simplest ways that we can use to make this practical.","Well, we wish you good luck, Dr.  Braam."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are under control of the plant's internal system that is regulated by light and seasons.","questions":"How are the metabolites in post-harvest vegetables and fruits controlled?","answer":"Clock"}
{"text":["There are some good ones. And they seem - there are many videos of crazy ants invading electrical boxes almost to the point where it seems like there's some attraction. What is going on here?","Well, it's definitely a point where people come into contact with them a lot because when your power goes out and you want to know why, you find a bunch of ants, that's a good reason to get your video camera.","Their boxes - power boxes are basically really good cavities. So these ants nest in pre-existing cavities. They don't - they do a small amount of digging but they exploit whatever cavities they can find. So that's a reason that they move into electrical boxes and pump switch - switches.","But once they get electrocuted, if you - when I've been collecting these ants in the past, you'll collect them into a vial, and they're all very agitated inside the vial. And they're - when they're agitated, they release something called an alarm pheromone, which is a signal that they used - chemical that they use to communicate with other ants if there's a threat."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There are videos of ants moving about rapidly and randomly.","questions":"How do the ants behave in response to being agitated?","answer":"attraction"}
{"text":["Yeah. You know, it's a great question. I think that the core of the problem is that they say that they pursue these weapons out of insecurity. So the logical thing is can the world provide them some sort of security?And in past agreements that I have participated in, we provided them security guarantees and offered to negotiate a peace treaty with them. The problem is I think the security - insecurity that they feel is generated by the regime itself. You know, these sorts of totalitarian regimes never feel secure. And that's the core problem.","Because there's mass starvation. There's mass poverty. There's mass oppression.","Right. And that they - all those things, and that they don't rule by the consent of the legitimacy of the people. And that's the basic problem.","Yeah. China has a role in this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"China has a role in this?\"  The actual meaning of this turn goes beyond the literal question. The speaker is implying that China may have some level of involvement or influence in the situation being discussed, suggesting a potential factor that contributes to the problem.","questions":"How does the speaker suggest China's involvement?","answer":"Involvement"}
{"text":["We should note that USA Today, which when it was founded in 1982, said it would never endorse a candidate for president - didn't want to go to that kind of - didn't want to participate in that kind of politics - has not endorsed a candidate but has said, in some departure from their usual policy, Donald Trump is unfit to be president, so don't vote for him.","What's an editorial worth in this age of social media?","You know, we know that people don't read newspaper editorials by and large. And if they ever read one, it's usually something like this in the presidential season. But we know that people read about them and hear about them.","And that's where, in the age of social media, they may actually matter more because people are going to be talking about this wipeout, this refusal of people who, remember, historically, have almost always gone with Republicans, to go with Donald Trump.","OK, now Miss Universe. Did Hillary Clinton set a trap for Donald Trump, which he sprang on himself?","You know, this story could have gone away in 24 hours or 48 hours. It could have had some impact on Monday night and perhaps, then, just gone away. We've heard an awful lot of high impact stories come and go already in this campaign."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : 5) OK, now Miss Universe.Did Hillary Clinton set a trap for Donald Trump, which he sprang on himself?","questions":"Which event is mentioned in turn 4 that led to the question in turn 5?","answer":"Miss"}
{"text":["Sir, why do we need a Space Corps?What threats do you see it defending us from?","Well, clearly, we've got some very serious, aggressive behavior by both the Chinese and the Russians in space. They have realized that that's a great equalizer if they can get good at it, and they're getting good at it fast. Unfortunately, we've become, just like every other war-fighting country, very dependent on space. But the truth is, it's not just our military; our country has become very reliant on space. Anybody that has a handheld iPhone or other device, that device is using space.","Because of satellites.","Satellites. So the Russians and Chinese have realized that if they can take our eyes and ears out, which is what our satellites are, they might actually be able to compete or have an advantage against us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Satellites are crucial for military and civilian operations, and losing them would give the Russians and Chinese an advantage.","questions":"Which country's behavior in space has become serious and aggressive according to A?","answer":"Chinese"}
{"text":["It's always the fights inside the family that can get rough. Things got rough this week in the Democratic Party after freshman Representative Ilhan Omar of Minnesota made more remarks many saw as anti-Semitic. The House finally passed an anti-hate resolution condemning anti-Semitism and - well, a lot of things, I think, including dandruff. Did it solve or aggravate divisions?Susan Davis, NPR congressional correspondent, joins us. Sue, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning, Scott.","Everything better now?","(Laughter) Well, every Democrat in the end did vote for the resolution, so they were unified in the end, but it certainly did provide a roadmap for the kind of divisions we might see going forward."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Despite being unified there are many roads to go forward to in order to find their goal to reach.","questions":"Which resolution did every Democrat end up voting for?","answer":"Anti-hate"}
{"text":["And let's begin with mumps. Officials in Ohio say it's the largest outbreak since the forties. How can that happen?","Mumps vaccine, although a very good vaccine, is not a perfect vaccine. And it's about 80 percent - 85 percent effective if mumps is reintroduced into a population. And so what we're seeing here is largely people who have been vaccinated, but now that mumps has been imported into the United States - into that population - it's spreading slowly in that group and it's difficult to contain.","What about the decision that some American parents have made not to vaccinate their children?Do you think that contributes?","Not so much to the mumps outbreak, but it does contribute to the measles problem that we're having. The measles outbreaks are clearly occurring in populations whose parents have withheld their children from immunization. They remain susceptible."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  In (3), the implied meaning is that some parents have chosen not to vaccinate their children, which may be contributing to the measles problem. ","questions":"How does the decision of some American parents not to vaccinate their children contribute to the measles problem?","answer":"Measles."}
{"text":["And so having helped quietly and not so subtly to engineer his appearance and his victory as the GOP nominee, she then came yesterday as all of these Republicans were trying to get him off the ticket and saying, no, no, no, the voters of the state have spoken. Of course it would be terrible. There would be a terrible backlash if he were to be pushed off the ticket by these outside forces. So if you're an outsider, like me, you just - and a political observer, you really just have to giggle at this process.","Because Senator McCaskill is clearly hoping to keep the weakest possible candidate in the race.","Well, she's simultaneously making the argument, look, this just proves that we can't risk having this guy representing us in the United States Senate and saying - but he must stay on the ticket because I want to run against him.","As you pointed out in your piece, this was a tactic that Harry Reid, the Democratic leader in the United States Senate, used in Nevada earlier when he got the - was extremely fortunate to run against Sharron Angle."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A implies that the process of political maneuvering can be absurd and comical to an outside observer.","questions":"How can the process of political maneuvering be described from an outsider's perspective?","answer":"Absurd"}
{"text":["Well, that's right. There's obviously not a lot of nuance that can be conveyed in either a four-page letter or a 140-character tweet. And President Trump has been very clear in trying to establish a political narrative around what the attorney general has characterized as the findings in the report. So the question is, is there anything that's going to change, essentially, the political point of view surrounding this report that we're going to learn?Or, essentially, has the news cycle moved on?","Remember, President Trump has had such a consistent approval and disapproval rating. Basically, people's minds are made up about the president. And so I think, from the point of view of Washington and politics, one big question - is there anything in this report - any fact, any conclusion, any information - that offers the possibility of changing the minds of the very few people whose minds are still available to be changed about the president?","Right. I mean, did poll numbers tell us anything even when the summary first came out?We've had, you know, some time since then.","Well, that's right. I mean, look. Consistently, surveys have shown that people in both parties want the report released. It took a little bit of time, but you have seen Republicans migrating around to the narrative that the president has offered for them that, in fact, this report does offer exoneration and vindication. But interestingly, the president himself appears to be somewhat more nervous and concerned about what is actually in this report than he was initially."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The President is worried about the contents of the report despite claiming exoneration and vindication.","questions":"What is the President's feeling about the report?","answer":"Worried."}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, our house never got flooded. We never lost power. We have this lifted Jeep because we like to go off-roading. We have this kayak because we like to go kayaking. All these tools that we had, we were fortunate enough to have. So we thought, why not?You know, these people need help. Not many people here are able to help them, so we did what we could.","What's it look like now?The water is receding, we're told, but there must be an awful lot left.","Oh, yeah. There's just devastation to all the homes. Power lines are down, broken by trees. Just devastation everywhere. I mean, mold in the homes is already setting in. Just everything is destroyed.","Alison, do you worry about some of the chemicals and the detritus that's left behind?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4), B is not simply asking whether Alison is concerned about the chemicals and debris left behind, but rather is implying that there are serious health and environmental risks associated with the aftermath of the disaster. The use of the word \"detritus\" suggests that there is a significant amount of potentially harmful debris left behind, and B's use of the word \"chemicals\" implies that there may be toxic substances that have been released into the environment. Therefore, the actual meaning of B's question is more concerned with the potential risks and dangers associated with the disaster, rather than simply whether Alison is worried about the debris.","questions":"What is PersonB's main concern regarding the aftermath of the disaster?","answer":"risks"}
{"text":["My grandparents were raised during the Great Depression and spent the rest of their lives hoarding rubber bands, bacon grease, and batteries. It used to fill me with embarrassment that they would actually rinse out Zip-Loc bags and reuse them. Poor people, I thought. Don't they know there's always more?I was raised in the disposable generation of styrofoam boxes and plastic water bottles. If something ran out, you simply got a new one.","But this year, we are re-evaluating not just how we spend our money, but also the lessons we pass on to a new generation. The other day, I made Emmeline a skirt out of a men's sport coat once sold exclusively at the Watergate Hotel. You can't buy that kind of fashion statement at Target.","On our most recent trip, Emmeline's glowery mood changed when she happened upon a shirt decorated with farm animals and said, ooh, now doesn't this look nice?I examined it and agreed, asking, what do you want to do with it?Emmeline twirled her toe on the speckled Formica floor and thought it over for a moment. A smile widened on her face, oh, I think that will make just the prettiest dress. Her latest outfit cost a dollar 50.","Mike Adamick is a stay-at-home dad living in San Francisco."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Mike Adamick is a stay-at-home dad living in San Francisco.\"  This turn has a literal meaning. The speaker is providing straightforward information about Mike Adamick's occupation and place of residence.","questions":"How would you describe Mike Adamick's occupation?","answer":"Stay-at-home"}
{"text":["And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?","You know, we saw reports. As we were doing live coverage, we saw reports of damage start to trickle in. But, really, right after an earthquake, it is, like, fog of war. No one knows what's going on. Emergency responders are just going out trying to survey the damage. We did hear reports of fires.","We got some calls into our - into KPCC of people telling us that they had fallen. One woman said that she thought maybe she broke her wrist. And there were a lot of people who were just afraid to go back into their houses, which is another big thing with big earthquakes - is that it disrupts people's lives not just for that one moment, but continuously, especially after aftershock after aftershock after aftershock keeps hitting.","All right. Well, we'll be getting updates throughout the morning. And thanks very much for joining us. KPCC's Jacob Margolis, science reporter and host of a podcast called \"The Big One: Your Survival Guide. \"Thank you, Jacob."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : moment in time, early in the day implies she wants the current update on damage.","questions":"How much damage was reported at the moment in time?","answer":"Trickle"}
{"text":["Well, if you look at San Francisco, San Francisco, the volatile section is the section under $321,000. There really are houses in San Francisco worth less than that, and those are the ones that are really in the foreclosure pipeline. So even in the west, even in these very high-value markets, there are a lot of properties that are going to be affected by this too.","A lot of the foreclosure activity was at the low end because that's where the tremendous wave of credit flowed into the market, enfranchised people, caused the lower end to triple. The lower end is still by and large within that conforming limit.","Karl Case is a professor of economics at Wellesley College and co-developer of the Case-Shiller Home Prices Index. Their latest report is out today. Karl Case, thank you very much.","Pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : you are welcome is implied in response to Thank you very much","questions":"Which response did PersonA give to PersonB's gratitude?","answer":"Pleasure"}
{"text":["We're trying to create the largest long-term study of aging in dogs that anyone has ever done, with the goal of trying to understand how genes and environment determine healthy aging in dogs.","So it's not just that old rule of thumb that one year is seven years in a dog's life?","On average, that's true. One of the amazing things about dogs, though, is that there's tremendous variation. If you go to the dog park, you'll see large dogs and small dogs. They also vary tremendously in their lifespan. And we're trying to understand why they vary so much.","Big dogs, I'm told, live shorter lives than small dogs.","And that's unusual because if you compare different species of mammals, from elephants to mice, it's the large species that live longer. So dogs are doing things in reverse.","And no indication as to why that might be yet?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2): This is a rhetorical question that implies that there may not just be a \"rule of thumb\" when it comes to aging in dogs.","questions":"How does the speaker suggest the rule of thumb may not be applicable to aging in dogs?","answer":"Variation"}
{"text":["OK. So we have the union's version, maybe a little bit less from GM's side. But in any case, no doubt that they don't have a deal and people are still on strike. So what have you seen and heard when you go out and talk to workers?","Well, workers are now being forced to live off of $250 a week in strike pay. That is not enough to cover many of their bills. For many of them, they're in a tight spot financially. But most people I've talked to are still very committed to the strike, say that this is something that needed to happen. They say they want protections for temporary workers, and they're willing to hold out, at least for now. And so that's what I'm hearing on the line.","I want to make sure that I understand this argument about temporary workers. This is essentially temps who are being hired in a way that they're actually permanent workers, but they're just not paid the same and not protected the same way as a full-time UAW member and full-time GM employee?","Yeah. The pay is less. The pay is less than $16 an hour, which is not a whole lot more than, say, an Amazon warehouse worker would make. And temporary workers can be basically fired at any time. They don't have long-term protections. And so what the rank-and-file members that have more permanent status, have higher wage, say is that this is just no way for a person to live, no way for a worker to live."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The members that follow the rules and never go on strike have better status.","questions":"What is the status of the members who follow the rules and never go on strike according to the dialogue?","answer":"Temporary"}
{"text":["Thank you. My mistake.",". . . Just 10 days apart.","We included France, which is nice. I apologize.","No, I'm glad to include them. Is it possible Italy will leave the eurozone, or is that just talk?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A forgot to include France in something but is apologizing for the oversight.","questions":"What is PersonA apologizing for?","answer":"Oversight"}
{"text":["How?What happened?","Well, it was taught by a professor who was also a resident at a Cleveland clinic. He was an interventional radiologist. And he was teaching part-time at Ursuline. And when he came in the class, he just lit up. He was dead tired, eyes were bloodshot red. He would just oftentimes come off of his shift, straight to the college to teach. Just his enthusiasm for medicine, his breadth of knowledge about the human body was just so fascinating to me. And all of those ideas when I was a kid of wanting to become a physician and my intrigue of how things work just came rushing back.","And within that first hour, I came home and I told my wife, honey, I need to do something in medicine. And I wasn't exactly sure if it was going to be nursing or a physician assistant or become a medical doctor. But I just knew that I was going to have to pursue this further if I wanted to live life with no regrets.","I'm going to guess when you walk into Cleveland Clinic Akron General it's not lost on you that there are not a lot of African American physicians."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The professor's enthusiasm for medicine and knowledge about the human body made A interested in pursuing a career in medicine.","questions":"Which clinic did the professor work at?","answer":"Cleveland"}
{"text":["Correct. Well, you know, I have to say that when I go out and give talks, I say that Buchanan is the second-most consequential American - Washington being the first. Washington started everything or led the start to everything. And Buchanan led us into demise.","Plus, he didn't support Stephen Douglas as his successor. And the Democratic Party split into three, allowing Lincoln to win. Perhaps if he had supported Douglas, his rival, maybe Douglas would've won the next election. And Lincoln would've been - I don't know - an afterthought. But he might not have ever become president.","Just a very - wildly successful corporate attorney in Illinois.","Perhaps so."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 3) Implied meaning: If Buchanan had supported Douglas, Lincoln would not have become president, but he would have been successful in some other way.","questions":"What would have happened if Buchanan had supported Douglas?","answer":"Successful"}
{"text":["So, for those people that are stuck on that buy-and-hold, we'd suggest to them, look at more market history. If you have a listener who has lost 30 percent in the market in this down cycle, they need the market to compound at seven percent per year for the next six years to get back to even. If they've lost 40 percent, they need eight years at seven percent. You know, frankly, I know elderly people who have been left in this market by people who believed in that buy-and-hold theory, you know, that are now in their 70s, 80s and even 90s. They don't have 11 years left. They will never see their money back.","So, what would you advise for the rest of us?","Well, I would advise a couple of things. One is stop listening to Wall Street platitudes. Wall Street, frankly, doesn't know anything. If they did, they would not have left their clients in for one of the greatest bear markets of all time. Number two, use some of your own judgment and common sense. People with long-term horizons might want to step a toe in the markets, but you have to do it with an open mind that you may lose more money. And if you are not prepared to lose more money, don't go in to the markets. There will be a day when earnings stop going down.","So, we've all heard, don't open, don't even look, at your 401(k) statement; just put it away. You say, no, look at it and rebalance?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Step a toe means to test the waters and try something new","questions":"What does \"step a toe\" mean?","answer":"Test"}
{"text":["The Census Bureau has been examining that very vigorously. What tends to be a common result is if you use data from retail, you tend to under enumerate those who aren't connected economically. That tends to be poorer people, transient people, children - precisely those that are hard to enumerate in general.","So the world of the future I think we all think is some complicated blend of these organic digital sources with traditional methods. You can't use one or the other. We need to use both. And some of the innovation proposed for the 2020 census actually involves trying to use those data wisely when we can.","Robert Groves - he oversaw the 2010 census and is currently the provost of Georgetown University. Thanks so much for being with us, sir.","It was wonderful talking to you, Scott."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) is a polite way of thanking Robert Groves for joining the show","questions":"Which turn includes a mention of the 2020 census?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["And it's not just exhaustion, Ambassador. It's a belief on all sides that they cannot win on the battlefield.","Yeah. And I think that is beginning to dawn on people. There is this view that somehow if the U. S.  launches air strikes on behalf of the rebels that this could somehow turn the tide. But I think if you're in the military and the Pentagon, you start looking at what exactly your target sets are going to be. You're going to see this as a pretty complex problem and then maybe air strikes are not going to solve it.","There's also the idea of a no-fly zone because the Assad forces have used air strikes on others. And there is no question that could have some impact on the ground, but none of these things are a sure bet. And the only sure bet is that they would - the first step in any of these things is an act of war, whether we like it or not.","And imposing a no-fly zone is an act of war. You mentioned some people who ought to be involved in this conversation. You did not mention a player with a major stake in Syria, and that's Iran."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The person thinks that the fact they can not win is beginning to be believed by people.","questions":"How is the belief on all sides described in the dialogue?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["Yeah. Despite the ongoing uproar and concern created by the firing of James Comey, you have a lot of bipartisan support for Christopher Wray. He said a lot of the right things this week when it came to what what senators wanted to hear, what they were asking about. He said he would be independent if he ran the FBI. He said he would not pull any punches.","And he was asked several times, what would you do if the president asked you to do something illegal or unethical?He said, first, I would try to change his mind, and if he didn't do that, I would quit. So Democrats seem to hear what they wanted to hear. And there could be a vote on his nomination in the next couple of weeks.","Republicans released a revised health care bill - as popular as the first one was?","Just about, it seems, with the public. But I think where it matters more is, is it more popular within the Republican caucus?And it seems to be a tad more popular right now. But this bill is still right on a danger zone in terms of whether or not it can pass. You have two senators in the Republican caucus saying they're not going to vote for it. They can't lose any other Republican support and still get this bill passed."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) This bill is still right on a danger zone in terms of whether or not it can pass - Implied meaning: The bill is in a precarious situation and could fail if any more Republican senators vote against it.","questions":"How is the health care bill's situation described?","answer":"Precarious"}
{"text":[". . . which has its own problems. Arranged marriages are - people are speaking up for them nowadays.","Well, you know, I mean, that that is the time. The woman - he asked the hand of this woman, his late 20s. But this is also because of that, that you can have this kind of melodrama. I mean, \"Romeo and Juliet\" today, it cannot happen because if the father of Juliet today say to Juliet, you cannot marry Romeo; and she say, I don't care. And she will go out and marry him anyway. And if she marries him, then there is no more love story anymore. You know, they marry; then they had a - lots of children.","You know, imagine Romeo and Juliet and they have like, 12 kids. Who would care about their story, you know?","Romeo and Juliet go to Costco. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"But this is also because of that, that you can have this kind of melodrama.\" The literal meaning of this turn is difficult to determine because it is not grammatically correct. However, the actual meaning seems to be that the societal norms and traditions of the past allowed for dramatic love stories like Romeo and Juliet to occur, but modern society would not allow for such a story to unfold in the same way.","questions":"Which societal norms allowed for dramatic love stories like Romeo and Juliet to occur?","answer":"Societal"}
{"text":["What did it sound like?","(Imitating plane noise) A lot of, you know, you got hundreds of planes, one right after the other. It was very moving and exciting. You know, you wonder what's going to happen. And 'course, then we fly over the channel. You can look out the window and see the silhouettes of the ships. We know it's going to happen now.","That is Les Cruise. He's 95 years old, and he's one of the last surviving veterans of that D-Day mission. These days, he lives outside of Philadelphia. I went to visit him earlier this week.","I'm Noel. It's nice to meet you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is not actually hearing the sound of planes, but is describing a past experience.","questions":"What was the PersonA's experience with planes?","answer":"exciting"}
{"text":["In the U. S. , the Federal Reserve decided on Wednesday to wind down its quantitative easing, and keep short-term interest rates near zero. If that last sentence made your head spin, don't worry - there's a computer game for that. Actually, a whole slew of them.","They're games created by central banks, from the ECB in Frankfurt to the Cleveland Federal Reserve. And, as you might tell from that theme music, they are not quite \"Grand Theft Auto. \"Jason Karaian reviewed a few of these games for the online business news outlet Quartz. He joins us from the BBC in London. Mr.  Karaian, thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me.","We heard the theme music to a game I believe is called \"Economia. \""],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They're games created by central banks, from the ECB in Frankfurt to the Cleveland Federal Reserve. And, as you might tell from that theme music, they are not quite 'Grand Theft Auto.'\" The literal meaning states that the games mentioned are not similar to the popular video game \"Grand Theft Auto.\" The implied meaning is that the central bank-created games are not action-packed or focused on violence like \"Grand Theft Auto.\" Instead, they serve a different purpose and have a different gameplay experience.","questions":"How are the central bank-created games different from \"Grand Theft Auto\"?","answer":"Purpose"}
{"text":["So you were ready to stand up for yourself?","Oh, absolutely, 100 percent.","Do you ever talk to the students that you went to college with recently, students who were maybe sometimes 60 years younger than you, about what you have lived and what you have gone through?Do you ever tell them these kinds of stories?","In some of my classes, some of the fellows would ask me about the segregated South. I would reveal to them, like in one instance, we had a history major and he was just tickled to death to learn this stuff firsthand from somebody who had actually been through it. Example, I used to tell him that at Norfolk Navy Yard, the drinking fountains and lavatories were all segregated - black, colored water and colored bathrooms, white bathrooms. And the white water always broke down and they drank the colored water."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"the white water always broke down and they drank the colored water.\" - The actual meaning could be, \"The facilities for white people were given better maintenance and resources, while the facilities for people of color were neglected and substandard.\" It may not necessarily mean that the actual water was colored or that people drank water of different colors.","questions":"Which facilities were neglected and substandard?","answer":"Facilities"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. Some of the stories seem to have sort of a moral to them, like the one - mysterious one I'm going to call the rectum in a jar.","Yeah, this is the case of the rectum of the Bishop of Durham. If you go to London and you visit the Hunterian Museum, it's a wonderful, wonderful - one - in fact, one of the world's few remaining big medical museums. It's part of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. If you go and visit it, on display on the main floor inside a jar is something they call object RCSHC\/P192. The label identifies it as being the preserved rectum of the Bishop of Durham, and we're talking about Thomas Thurlow, who was born in 1737, died in 1791. Would you like to hear the story of why it's in a jar in London on display?","With that kind of teaser, how could I not?","OK. The - that particular Bishop of Durham was a rich and powerful man. And he came down with some ailments and called in one of the celebrated doctors of the day, John Hunter, a man who, years later, went on to found this museum. Dr.  Hunter examined him and told him he had an incurable disease and that it was bad news. The bishop did not want to accept this news, so he was very insulting to this doctor and instead went and insult - and consulted a cattle doctor who gave him some kind of nostrum."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The story titled 'rectum in a jar' has a moral to it","questions":"What kind of museum is the Hunterian Museum?","answer":"Medical"}
{"text":["What is your guideline?When do you tell an officer he or she has to start recording?","NOPD policy requires them to record the entire encounter until any police action has ceased. So what we're finding out though sometimes the cameras aren't on. Sometimes they aren't wearing the cameras. And those are clear violations, but then there were also supervisors telling officers things like turn it off during, you know, sensitive matters, but not defining what a sensitive matter could be.","We're also hearing complaints that only parts of interactions are being recorded. That's one of the things we're hearing now. So the misconduct is occurring off-camera, but then they're recording, you know, perfectly professional encounters on camera. So that's one of the things we're also hearing now. And. . .","That's a big complaint and, of course, you wouldn't have any - ironically or incongruously - you wouldn't have a video record of that misconduct, but you would have a video record of them doing it right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing their dissatisfaction or disappointment in a subtle or indirect way, rather than stating it directly.","questions":"Which turn implies that the speaker might not directly express their dissatisfaction or disappointment?","answer":"Subtle"}
{"text":["Well, at a Vatican briefing last Tuesday, the spokesman Father Frederico Lombardi used the Armenian term Medz Yeghern, which means the Great Evil. And he bristled when he was asked why he didn't say genocide. So when the prepared text of the Pope's speech last night used only the Armenian term, most of us thought that was a possible diplomatic overture toward Turkey.","In his actual delivery, the Pope added the word genocide. He said that genocide made possible by the twisted racial ideological or religious aims that darken the minds of the tormentors, even to the point of planning the annihilation of entire peoples. \"That drew a standing ovation from the president of Armenia and the diplomatic corps.","The pope visited the genocide memorial today. What did he say there?","Well, it was a a very powerful scene. Francis stood with his head bowed in prayer next to the Armenian apostolate patriarch and a group of black hooded Orthodox bishops while musicians performed a mournful melody on an ancient Armenian flute that's called the duduk. Here's what it sounds like."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The Pope's use of the word \"genocide\" was seen as a possible diplomatic overture towards Turkey - it was a subtle way of showing support for Armenia without directly confronting Turkey.","questions":"How was the Pope's use of the word \"genocide\" perceived?","answer":"Genocide"}
{"text":["Yeah, absolutely. They'll see Dragon doing a loop around the space station. It's a pretty wide loop, so Dragon will still look pretty small from the space station when it's doing that wide loop around the space station. But I mean, just to visualize things, it's like literally imagine you doing a loop around a bullet that's going 12 times faster than something that came out of an assault rifle.","Yeah.","So it's a dodgy affair.","I know. You know, when - and they first tried this in the '60s."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The loop around the space station is a dangerous maneuver","questions":"Which maneuver is dangerous?","answer":"Loop."}
{"text":["To be honest, I don't trust Obama not a bit.","Why?","Because he keeps saying things which doesn't exist. And we were, as Arab countries, hoping when he was new elected that maybe he is a bit better than the former Bush. But it seems to be that every president come to the United States is not carrying on anything except what's help Israel, which it's their little tribe to be care.","What do you think a U. S.  military strike might do on the ground?And I know you can't necessarily know where any bombs would fall, but how do you think that'll affect your life?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"Which Arab countries were hoping that Obama would be better than former President Bush?","answer":"Arab"}
{"text":["There's been a lot of death on this mountain over the past couple of years. 2012, six climbers died one day on the summit. In 2013, there was that brawl between some Sherpas and some European climbers. Sixteen people died last year on Everest, and there was the April earthquake. Why would someone want to climb Everest now?","You know, it baffles me, but, you know, this mountain has an inescapable pull for a lot of people. It's been more than four years now since there's been, you know, what would pass for a quiet season on Mount Everest. And each year that I thought that there might be a normal season, it got unimaginably worse, which is just difficult to fathom.","You know, I think that some teams are thinking about going to the North side. Some people are actually, you know, canceling their trips, and people are thinking about other mountains. But for a lot of people, you know, Everest is - it's a mythical kind of place. And for a lot of people, I think it's a lifelong dream that nothing is going to stand between them and the summit.","Grayson Schaffer, Outside Magazine senior editor, speaking with us from Santa Fe. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Here, the speaker says \"Everest is - it's a mythical kind of place\" which means that Everest has a legendary and symbolic significance in people's minds and imaginations. The literal meaning would be that Everest is a place of myth or fiction, which is not true","questions":"How would you describe the significance of Everest for some people?","answer":"Mythical"}
{"text":["Oh, well, you'll be surprised, Neal. Actually, Minnesota has more solar potential than anywhere in the eastern part of the U. S. , except for Florida. We have nice, clear winters and good, sunny summers. Germany, farther north than we are, has much more solar than about anywhere in the United States. So actually, we're pretty well-positioned for solar. You'll be surprised how much of the U. S.  could do well in solar. We also have a lot of wind potential here in Minnesota, especially in the western area. But it's more about, how do we get that electricity to the cities like Minneapolis or Chicago?","And, of course, we have bioenergy here, too, and the debates about things like corn ethanol. That's another big contentious issue here in the Midwest. And one where, again, middle grounds might have to be found between groups that are in very different poles on that issue.","And what do you think is the most promising - again, the symbolic areas, those are always going to be difficult. But are there other conversations that could be had that, as you say, skirt the ideology?","Well, it's very interesting. Regardless of, you know, how you think of him politically, the Obama administration has actually done more, may be by accident - or may be on purpose - to think about, to take on climate change than all previous administrations, really, combined. Our CO2 emissions in the United States have gone down pretty dramatically in the last few years, partly because of the recession, of course, but partly because people are retooling and getting more efficient."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Minnesota has good solar potential despite being in the northern part of the US","questions":"Which state has more solar potential than anywhere in the eastern part of the U.S. except for Florida?","answer":"Minnesota"}
{"text":["What do we know about the synagogue and the surrounding community of Squirrel Hill?","Well, the Saturday service at this synagogue usually starts at about 9:45 a. m. It's a conservative congregation. According to the synagogue's website, Rabbi Jeffrey Myers leads at Saturday's service on most weekends. He's written about gun control before. In July, he posted an essay to the congregation's website, to the synagogue's website, where he said, despite continuous calls for sensible gun control, our elected leaders in Washington knew that it would fade away in time. He says that he was afraid that the status quo on gun control would remain unchanged and shootings would continue. He also lamented that he felt he had to include in his daily morning prayers that God should watch over his wife and daughter and teachers to keep them safe.","President Trump has weighed in on events, hasn't he?","He has. President Trump tweeted this morning that he is watching the events unfold in Pittsburgh, and he warned people to stay away from the area. And he said it looked like there would be multiple fatalities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Rabbi is afraid of gun violence and shootings.","questions":"Which issue concerns the Rabbi?","answer":"Gun"}
{"text":["Companies and corporations are in business to make money for themselves, their workers, their stockholders. But can they make too much?Ralph Nader thinks Apple hit that limit earlier this month when it became the first trillion-dollar publicly traded company in the United States. Mr.  Nader wrote a blistering blog post about what Apple is and isn't doing with that money. He joins us now from Connecticut. Mr.  Nader, thanks for being back with us.","You're welcome, Scott.","What's wrong with Apple sitting on all that money?","Well, they just announced earlier this year - a $100 billion stock buyback adding to previous stock buyback without asking the shareholders, institutional and individual, their opinion or even their approval. So the point I was making is it could've been used to increase employees. It could've been used to shore up the pension fund. It could've been used - 2 percent of it, Scott, to double the income of the serf laborers - 1. 3 million Chinese laborers in the contractor that builds the iPhones. It could have had 2 percent of 100 billion to improve the recycling of used computers and phones, which are endangering both the environment and the workers. It could've been put in productive investment. It could've been put in research and development. It could've been sent to cash dividends back to the shareholder, but no."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Apple could have used their money for various productive purposes","questions":"What were some of the things that Apple could have used their money for?","answer":"PURPOSES"}
{"text":["Well, this case is about responsibility. And one of the examples that's been seen a lot lately was one of the ones that shook me to the core when I first saw it. It was an advertisement. And the tagline on the advertisement was, consider your man card reissued. What kind of society allows manhood to be defined in this way?","I'm struck by something that the family's lawyer told the court. He said Remington may never have known the shooter. But they had been courting him for years.","I think that's accurate. If you are selling a product and promising dominance, masculine success and a sense of outmatching your opponents in a very physical and, in fact, lethal way - I mean, who do you think that kind of advertising is going to connect with the most?","As you know, gun-makers do have broad immunity - broad protection under federal law that was passed in 2005. It's protected them from lawsuits before. Are you worried that this decision in Connecticut could be overturned by the U. S.  Supreme Court?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Advertising that promises dominance and masculinity appeals to certain people","questions":"What kind of promises does the advertising make that appeals to certain people?","answer":"Masculinity"}
{"text":["No. No.",". . . So many times. Yeah, because they didn't think I was part of the family. Now - I mean, I'm a 30-year-old woman now. . . .","Yeah.",". . . My identity is very clear to me. And I don't have to make it clear to anyone else because I don't think that's important, what anyone else thinks about me or what box they want to put me in. But I will say, for myself, making this record definitely was just a declaration of who I find myself being."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : She is not being put in a box. She means the roles people apply to her and her life.","questions":"What is the record a declaration of?","answer":"declaration"}
{"text":["Now, in New York state alone, that's 98 delegates at stake tomorrow for whoever wins by just one vote. That's a big pass to the delegates to get all in one place. And in some other states, if you win in every congressional district, you can take home the lion's share of the delegates from that state.","So, because the Republican rules do wait the winner more heavily and give extra bonus delegates for just winning, whether you win by one vote or whether you win over 50 percent in some cases, that's a big opportunity for John McCain as the national frontrunner to run up a big delegate total tomorrow and really put this out of reach.","All right. Finally, Mike Huckabee. He has a strong following among social conservatives at this point. He's kind of considered and also ran. Is that really accurate?What influence does he have in the race either, you know, in terms of winning or in terms of endorsing?","Well, first, his dream, of course tomorrow, would be to win big in several states in the south, maybe break through in Georgia, Alabama, his own state of Arkansas, Oklahoma possibly. He's competitive in West Virginia, where having conventions, maybe even Tennessee. If he could do that, he could stay in the race as a kind of regional candidate and power broker. Otherwise, the main thing he's doing is he's probably taking votes away from Mitt Romney, which is why Mitt Romney keeps trying to say, shoo, to Mike Huckabee in the game, out of the race if he possibly can."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker asks about Mike Huckabee's influence in the race, both in terms of winning and endorsing. The literal meaning of the turn is a straightforward question. However, the implied meaning is that Mike Huckabee's influence in the race may extend beyond winning or endorsing, as he could potentially serve as a regional candidate and power broker if he performs well in certain states. This suggests that Huckabee's role in the race may be more complex and multifaceted than what the question implies.","questions":"How could Mike Huckabee potentially serve as a what if he performs well in certain states?","answer":"Power"}
{"text":["President Trump hired a personal attorney this week, presumably to give him advice about the Russian investigation. Are others in the White House lawyering up?","A lot of people. In fact, two sources told me this week Don McGahn is going to need a lawyer himself. He's likely to be a witness in whatever investigation there is moving forward in Russia. Even if these folks have no legal jeopardy, it's really expensive and distracting for them to need legal advice. This happened under President Bill Clinton and President Ronald Reagan. It's likely to drag on for a long time.","Don McGahn, to be sure, has defenders in Washington, D. C. , who are very impressed by him. Aren't they?","Yeah. You know, there's been a lot of praise in some circles for the people he's hired to work in the White House, the young lawyers working underneath him - seven former Supreme Court clerks, graduates from Ivy League law schools at the top of their game. And then there's this. It's hard to tell from outside the Oval Office whether Don McGahn is giving President Donald Trump all the right legal advice and President Donald Trump is just ignoring him."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that other members of the White House may seek legal counsel in light of President Trump's actions.","questions":"Which member of the White House may need legal advice according to turn 1?","answer":"Don-McGahn"}
{"text":["Studios can hold out. They're in bad shape. I mean, they're going to be hurt by this environment economically. But that doesn't mean they can't survive for quite a long time with a strike underway. And that means that people would - I mean, it would just be so devastating; people would lose their jobs. And that wouldn't just be the actors; it would be people who support productions. The actors, unlike the writers, they can close down a movie very quickly. So, it would be an immediate and potentially a long-term and the devastating impact not only for the economy here, but for the Screen Actors Guild if it turned out to backfire.","So, Kim, what happens from here?What's the next steps?","At some point, they can declare an impasse, and the Screen Actors Guild will go to its members and ask for a strike authorization. That requires 75-percent approval of those voting. There certainly are some very high-profile actors - George Clooney, Tom Hanks - who are very opposed to this and who probably would go out there and try to persuade people to vote and vote it down. But with 75-percent approval of those voting, not of the membership, of those voting, that would mean they would have strike authorization and they could initiate a strike.","And if there is a strike, what would that mean for viewers?Does that mean even more hours of reality TV?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : If there is a strike, it would have an immediate and potentially a long-term devastating impact on the economy and for the Screen Actors Guild.","questions":"How would a strike impact the economy and the Screen Actors Guild?","answer":"Devastating"}
{"text":["So explain to me how this system actually works.","Well, the first thing is to know what the weather is so you can know what the weather will be. That's the crux of it. So you need as complete observations of the global atmosphere as possible, which means coming from satellites and weather buoys and from sensors and airliners. And then once you know what it is, what you can do is then begin to run it forward in time.","But rather than just, you know, sort of being plugged into the supercomputers - you know, in comes the present, and out comes the future - the models are really a kind of ongoing concern. Every six hours, every 12 hours, they compare their own forecast with the latest observations. And so the models in reality are kind of - you know, they're sort of dancing together, where the model makes a forecast, and it's corrected slightly by the observations that are coming in.","And does anyone own these models and these satellites?I mean, is it part of a global web?Or does America have a certain piece of this and every country sort of have their own proprietary information that somehow gets passed along?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It does not run but the data is joined with different days of the week, month, and year.","questions":"What is joined with different days of the week, month, and year?","answer":"Data"}
{"text":["And that would work quite well.","Her instructions are easy. Mush up your beans, mixing in lemon, oil, salt and cumin. Then add the garnish. Through the magic of radio, we'll fast-forward to the important part.","Now you can taste and see if the seasoning is right.","Taste and see. Wow, it's flavorful."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is important to taste the food to ensure proper seasoning","questions":"What is the reason for tasting the food?","answer":"Seasoning"}
{"text":["It was the claim that Clinton had been personally responsible for people's deaths that set off alarm bells for Russell. So he decided to do some fact-checking.","I came to the realization pretty quickly that someone may have been probably lying to me on social media.","It turned out there were many false stories circulating that year. But Russell was skeptical of claims that Russia had anything to do with them until lists of Russian troll accounts began to appear online. He was shocked.","My god, they're right. They're exactly right. What they've been telling me about this is literally happening. I can go look this stuff up. It's right there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Russell was alarmed by the false claim that Clinton was responsible for deaths","questions":"Which claim set off Russell's alarm bells?","answer":"Claim"}
{"text":["Oh, no. As a matter of fact, I was delighted that I had had the opportunity to contribute to it. I had the option to volunteer for the program. I opted not to because I was very much involved in research that needed to be done. So I was - I turned down the opportunity because I felt that what we were doing was valuable for the future of our space program. As a matter of fact, the small 5-foot diameter parachute that we used to stabilize my freefall is still being used today in every ejection seat in the world. So what we did some 50 year - 55 years ago is still being used today.","What do you think about space exploration now?It struck me watching this that it's lost its human component, in a way. We send these unmanned missions into deep space, but we haven't really pushed human boundaries, I think, for quite some time.","I personally think that we should go back to the moon as soon as we can because there's a lot of lessons we need to learn before we can go to Mars, which should be the next great human adventure.","May I ask you a question?As you were standing on the precipice, you said a prayer. What was that prayer?What were you praying for?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of \"precipice\" is a very steep cliff or slope, but in this context it is used metaphorically to refer to the moment before the takeoff, when the speaker was standing on the edge of a new and daring adventure.","questions":"How was \"precipice\" used in the context of the dialogue?","answer":"Metaphorically"}
{"text":["Not necessarily. Sinkholes can happen for many different reasons at different times. However, we do tend to see sinkholes occur more often during high precipitation events, so during a wet season, for instance. The - if you have a void underground and in the soil it tends to work its way toward the surface. And so then you have - and we don't necessarily see any kind of subsidence on the surface if it's a nice, tight, clay soil.","But when you add a lot of water to it, you're adding - you know, water weighs a lot. So you're adding that weight to that soil bridge, basically, over that void. And once you get to a certain amount of weight, it'll collapse. The other situation is during droughts. Water tables will drop, so that'll give you a little bit more instability for what's on the surface, but also clay holds water very well.","And during a drought, you might dry up the water that's in that clay. And clay, you know, that water is basically like a glue. It's adhesive. And if you lose that adhesion, you also can get sinkholes.","Is there a way to detect if you have a sinkhole under your property someplace?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The area underground where water is first found will lower in terms of the amount of water.","questions":"What will happen to the water table if there is a void underground?","answer":"b"}
{"text":["And I took it a few steps further and then did research and found that it wasn't that uncommon for people who were related to, you know, Russian immigrants or children of Muslims or practicing Muslims to experience racism in high school afterwards. It tends to be that people are looking for someone to blame.","Let me ask about Rez's relationship with Fatima - sort of begins as a crush. He tutors her in chemistry. And then the chemistry takes over, if you catch my (laughter) - my drift. They're equally brilliant, too. What are they seeing each other?","I think Rez is at the point where he's realize that the American idea of himself is not going to pan out. And he looks to Fatima, and he sees her. And she has never had an American idea of herself. She's had an idea of herself as belonging to her family and belonging to sort of a Middle Eastern subculture in Southern California and staying within the clan.","And he looks to her and sees the ways in which this brings her strength. She doesn't try to have American friends or be an American teenage girl. And this makes her endlessly fascinating to him."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) implies that Rez is drawn to the strength that comes from Fatima's cultural identity and her refusal to conform to American teenage norms.","questions":"What is Rez drawn to in Fatima?","answer":"Fatima"}
{"text":["Well, certainly in some cases in expensive cities still need some help but much less help. On a minimum wage of $12 an hour, a couple - two full-time minimum wage workers - would earn $50,000 a year. That certainly doesn't make you affluent, it doesn't make you rich, but you can get by reasonably well on $50,000 a year.","And you don't think jobs will leave the state?","Some jobs, but probably a lot fewer than most people think. There have actually been a lot of recent studies in the last five or 10 years that have turned around the economic sentiment on this issue. In most cases, in nearly all cases, the jobs we're talking about for these workers are in the low-wage service sector. They're non-tradable. They're not subject to foreign competition. They can't be outsourced. Those jobs are exactly the sort of jobs where the employers would simply pass along the extra costs to the consumer. They'd raise prices and keep their workers at a much higher paycheck. Furthermore, the price rises we're talking about are very much smaller than most people would realize. Wal-Mart is America's largest low-wage employer. Three hundred thousand Wal-Mart workers average about $9 an hour. All Wal-Mart would have to do to cover a $12 minimum wage is raise their prices by 1. 1 percent one time. The average Wal-Mart shopper would pay only an extra $12. 50 per year. People wouldn't even notice the price hike.","Well, if the goal is to lift low-wage workers above the poverty level, is $12 an hour really enough?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Is a minimum wage of $12 an hour sufficient to raise low-wage earners out of poverty?","questions":"What is the minimum wage proposed to uplift low-wage earners out of poverty?","answer":"$12"}
{"text":["I'm delighted.","The two countries have narrowed their differences and that presumably includes Crimea, Ukraine, Syria. How does narrowing their differences sound to you?","It sounds hopeful but far from definitive. We have a long way to go to resolve our disagreements on either one of these two issues. But at least it is movement in the right direction. And it has in it the potential for being quite constructive in its consequences.","Does it involve any change in Russian behavior or policy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implies that A is being asked if the progress made involves any change in Russian behavior or policy.","questions":"How is PersonA being questioned about the progress made involving any change in Russian behavior or policy?","answer":"Russian"}
{"text":["Wouldn't you like to know?","I would.","They are being very, very discreet, and they're not telling anybody anything. And I think the usual conclusion from that is that they're not doing things with it that we would be pleased about. One of the things that they appear to have done with it is pay out $1. 6 billion in bonuses and other benefits to executives, which obviously is not something that would have gone over very well. From the banks' perspective, obviously, they will say, hey, wait a minute. We don't put the taxpayer money in a particular bucket and then use that to make certain things. It just all goes into a big cash bucket, and obviously, we have to pay our people. But no, we're not going to give you details on that or anything else even though it's your money.","But they are supposed to use it, or at least the intent of the legislation was for them to use it, to loosen the credit squeeze, to ease up credit and to lend to one another."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : to loosen the credit squeeze means that credit is very harsh and it needs to be less harsh in this context","questions":"How does PersonB describe the intent of the legislation?","answer":"intent"}
{"text":["Yeah.","I'm also told by White House officials the Secret Service director was not connected to security questions at Mar-a-Lago. It was in the works before the latest security breach there - Chinese woman with a lot of passports and hard drives.","Right.","But - so this is not necessarily directly connected to immigration unlike Nielsen's resignation, which was immigration-related."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"But - so this is not necessarily directly connected to immigration unlike Nielsen's resignation, which was immigration-related.\" Implication: The reason for the departure of the Secret Service director is not related to immigration issues, unlike the resignation of Nielsen, which was due to immigration-related matters.","questions":"What was the reason for Nielsen's resignation?","answer":"Immigration-related"}
{"text":["My father had, you know, good collections of music from Marvin Gaye, Philip Coutre(ph) to Bob Marley. He had it all. And he was a cameraman, and he used the music to do something special with the pictures. You know, while he's playing I would sneak around and just listen. So I think music started for me then.","Were you ever in a situation, Asa, where you were torn between - because you mention your dad had Motown and Marvin Gaye, torn between the American urban music and the more traditional music of Nigeria and in Africa.","That was in, you know. It was between American, the West, you know, influence and then the church music and the street music, traditional music from Nigeria.","Now, let me make sure I heard you clearly. Did you say that it was a sin or that's what was in?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Was the person ever in a situation where he had to make a hard choice between American and Nigerian music.","questions":"Which two music genres was Asa torn between?","answer":"American,Nigerian"}
{"text":["Oh, it was wonderful. My father used to play the accordion and my brothers used to sing as well. So growing up with them, I learned a lot. It was not difficult for me to become a musician. I just have to create my own identity - that was the hard part.","(Singing in foreign language)","Some people call your sound Congo Rumba. What does that phrase mean to you and what kind of flavors do you try to put into your music?","Rumba is an old form of music that requires two people to come together and dance. It originated way back in our traditional music. Of course, the name sounds familiar because of Kuba. We know Kuba is a very strong African tradition so they played that kind of music as well. So, when it came back to us in Africa, especially in Congo, it was welcomed back home. So, it's a very old type of music, and it's about love. It's about (unintelligible). So, I like to sing for lovers. I like to sing for peace. I like to sing for people who can dance to people.","(Singing in foreign language)","You're donating percentage of the sales from the CD to the Dikembe Mutombo Foundation, and we spoke with Dikembe last year on the show. He's \u2014 just remind folks from the Democratic Republic of Congo a place for the NBA. How did you connect with his foundation?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"You're donating percentage of the sales from the CD to the Dikembe Mutombo Foundation...How did you connect with his foundation?\" (Literal meaning: The speaker is asking how the interviewee made a connection with the Dikembe Mutombo Foundation.)","questions":"What foundation is the interviewee donating a percentage of the sales from their CD to?","answer":"Dikembe"}
{"text":["In terms of the natural ecosystems, rapid changes coming, suddenly roads are getting built. People having the first time in nearly 22 years of warfare that they're able to get up and still moving around and finding markets and exploiting resources. Animals are resourced. They will be facing severe problems if poaching becomes more common that it already is, which is somewhat routine, and these things could be wiped out very badly in a few years, especially vulnerable species like elephants which are in so much danger elsewhere and even species that are quite rare and it's just only in South Sudan like certain kinds of antelope that were thought extinct and now have been found in South Sudan.","And there are - the ivory route is that these poachers come down and kill the animals for their ivory. It's taken then to Sudan, carved and sent to China.","Yeah. There's a city called Onderon(ph) - if I'm pronouncing it correctly - which has a traditional center of artisanal carving of ivory and export. So some elephant tusks do flow into Onderon and get shipped out from there to markets in the Middle East and China.","Yet, there are still large herds of elephants left in South Sudan. You saw one from an airplane."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Poachers kill elephants for their ivory and sell it to markets in Sudan, the Middle East, and China.","questions":"What do poachers do with the ivory they take from elephants in South Sudan?","answer":"Sell"}
{"text":["Do you believe the United States has a moral obligation to accept people who, for whatever reason, find that they can no longer live in their home country?I mean, over the past couple of years in particular, you've heard Republicans say, time and again, America can't be the solution to every person's problems. How do you respond to that?","I think we have a moral obligation to do our part, which isn't to say we should take every persecuted person in the world. We can't do that. But we can do far more than we are doing at the moment.","And our laws - going back to language that was drafted in the days after World War II when, collectively, most of the world felt pretty awful about the way we turned Jewish refugees fleeing the Nazi government away - we adopted laws that said if you reach the United States and you have a well-founded fear of persecution for one of these particular reasons under the law, we won't send you back. And I think we do have a - both a moral and a legal obligation to respect that.","And this country has a history of refugee resettlement that is a beautiful part of our heritage. It's - the Statue of Liberty - that sonnet from Emma Lazarus that says, give me your poor, your teeming masses yearning to breathe free. I'm not saying take the whole of the world's refugees. But last year, when we actually ended up taking fewer than 23,000 refugees, that was less than one-tenth of 1% of the more than 25 million refugees in the world."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to adopt laws means to make new laws","questions":"Which specific event inspired the drafting of laws mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Jewish"}
{"text":["And those two factors - genetic variation and large populations - are perfect recipes for Darwinian evolution. So RNA viruses evolve very quickly. They adapt very quickly. If they pass from one species of host into another - for instance, from a bat, or a monkey or a rodent, into humans - they seem to have a better chance of flourishing, of adapting to the new host and finding ways to transmit onward. So the RNA viruses, the single-stranded RNA viruses, are particularly on the watch list for the disease scientists who study this field.","I'm Flora Lichtman, and this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with David Quammen about his book \"Spillover. \"Are we reservoir hosts for viruses that have caused pandemics in other animals?","Well, certainly we've caused disease. It does go the other way. It can go either direction whenever there's fairly close contact. For instance, Jane Goodall's chimps in Gombe in Tanzania, in the late '60s, suffered what seems to have been a little epidemic of polio. A number of the Gombe chimps died.","And that polio virus is thought to be non-zoonotic. It's thought to be a virus that only affects humans, but it's capable of passing from humans into chimps. So it seems to have made those chimps sick and killed some of them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Humans and chimpanzees can transmit viruses to each other.","questions":"How do humans and chimpanzees transmit viruses to each other?","answer":"Close"}
{"text":["The attorney general says they're all murderers who preyed on children and the elderly. The first is named Daniel Lewis Lee. He's a member of a white supremacist group who killed a family of three people. The next is another inmate. He stabbed a grandmother, then drove with her granddaughter for 30 miles before killing the granddaughter very brutally too. The Justice Department says all five of these men have exhausted their appeals, so it says there are few, if any, legal hurdles to executing them later this year and early next year.","I'm thinking most violent crimes are - tend to be prosecuted by the state - right?- not the federal government. How do you even land on federal death row?","There has to be some kind of federal connection in the case. There are about 60 people on federal death row right now. Many of them killed somebody on federal land or inside a federal prison. For others, there were murders as part of a drug crime or a broader federal conspiracy.","Now, the last person executed in the federal system in 2003 killed an Army private. Before that, the most prominent was probably Timothy McVeigh, who was put to death in 2001 for his role in the Oklahoma City federal building bombing. Now, some other well-known people on death row right now in the federal system include Dylann Roof, who shot nine people at the AME Church in Charleston, S. C. , and Jahar Tsarnaev, who was convicted of crimes related to the Boston Marathon bombing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : prey in this context means to physically hurt or emotionally hurt","questions":"Which group was Daniel Lewis Lee a member of?","answer":"White-supremacist"}
{"text":["The real problem is not Donald Trump - seven and a half years of Barack Obama and his agenda. Clear thinking people - and I'm talking about people who are in the middle, not people that are really burrowed in and would never, ever be a Democrat or never ever be a Republican - are looking at it and they're saying, is my life better?Is our country stronger?Do we have a strong standing in the world?Is this economy recovering?Is it a dynamic and robust economy?","Because we know without a dynamic and robust economy, all the other talk is just talk. We've got to have people back to work. We've got to have people looking forward to getting up in the morning and going to work. We got to have people that feel that America really is the leader of the world.","And I just am saying to my Republican friends, look, I get it. I understand that there's certain things that he's said that really you can't ever look that way, but take a look. We're still months away from the election.","Mr.  Kelly, if you were advising Donald Trump - and, you know, he might hear this - is there some magic sentence that he could come up with that would - that would help heal things over?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Mr. Kelly is suggesting to his Republican friends to give Donald Trump a chance and to wait and see what happens before making a judgement.","questions":"What is Mr. Kelly suggesting to his Republican friends about Donald Trump?","answer":"Chance"}
{"text":["Do you think what we've seen over the past couple of weeks represents some kind of tipping point in the way people think about guns?","Probably not, unfortunately. I mean, after - Sandy Hook was about the worst thing that could ever possibly happen. And it didn't substantially change the tone of this debate. What is different is when you mix an ISIS story, which is what we have now, with a gun-control story. Maybe that's what's going to change things.","The idea that people who may not have been able to get on an airplane were able to acquire guns.","Right, right, right. We have zero tolerance for Islamic - Islamic State terrorism. We seem to have a certain level of tolerance for a certain number of school shootings a year. So - I'm sorry to say it, but it's true. And so maybe that's what tips this debate. But I don't see any one incident tipping the debate in the way you're suggesting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4) the speaker is implying that the US has a higher level of tolerance for school shootings than for terrorism.","questions":"Which type of incident does the speaker suggest may change the tone of the gun-control debate?","answer":"ISIS"}
{"text":["Well, Mr.  Market feels pretty strongly that he's seen this show before. And. . .","He's counting on something to be worked out at the last minute.","That's right. The real question is, if by Thursday there's no deal, will stock markets still be gaily rising?I think the answer is probably no.","I was struck by a phrase in Chris Arnold's piece about the dollar being the bedrock currency for much of the world. Is that jeopardized?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) He's counting on something to be worked out at the last minute: Implied Meaning: He's expecting a solution to be found shortly before the deadline.","questions":"Which day of the week did PersonA suggest that the stock markets might not rise if there's no deal?","answer":"Thursday"}
{"text":["What's the recipe for a star?How do you make one?","Really all you need is cold gas and to be left alone essentially.","If the cold gas cools enough and nothing heats it up, then it should turn into stars. And so this cluster is a perfect star factory because it has a tremendous amount of cooling happening and very little heating. And so it's going to provide just a tremendous amount of this cold gas fuel for stars.","What's the difference between a galaxy and a galaxy cluster?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The statement implies how stars are formed and the necessary conditions for their creation.","questions":"Which process results in the formation of stars?","answer":"Cooling."}
{"text":["She says that the album's title, \"Pleasure,\" came out of a time when she wasn't feeling much of it.","There wasn't a particular thing. I was in a low-grade - just of confusion. Maybe it was like a what - what direction to go next - like, your compass stops working. It might have been from repetition of touring, from being - you know, having been an adult for long enough to have observed what I was doing as an adult. What - how adulthood was looking on me - you know what I mean?And so I think it was just a confluence of a bunch of different factors - you know what I mean?- that was putting me in a state of mind.","Yeah, I think for those of us that are older, we call it a midlife crisis. We have these crises of confidence (laughter). But I don't think that's what was going through you.","I know."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Turn (3) \"Yeah, I think for those of us that are older, we call it a midlife crisis. We have these crises of confidence (laughter). But I don't think that's what was going through you\" is an example of a turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.  In this turn, the speaker uses the term \"midlife crisis\" in a humorous and light-hearted way to describe a general feeling of uncertainty or confusion that comes with getting older. The actual meaning of the turn is not that the speaker believes the interviewee was experiencing a midlife crisis, but rather that the interviewee was going through a difficult time of uncertainty and confusion.","questions":"Which term did the speaker use to describe a general feeling of uncertainty that comes with getting older?","answer":"Crisis"}
{"text":["Shanta, thanks for coming on.","Thank you for having me.","So we just heard Ward Connerly and he strongly disagrees with your position. He says that people shouldn't be treated differently in hiring and education because of race and that you've actually mischaracterized the deposition you did with him on October. How do you respond to that?","I think our characterization, my characterization of the deposition was completely accurate, and I think what Mr.  Connerly was saying was a complete non-sequitur. The truth of the matter is where affirmative action programs have been eliminated like in the University of California system. There's been a tremendous drop in black and Latino student enrollment in all the graduate law and medical programs and at U. C. Berkeley and UCLA and I think it's just disingenuous and dishonest to say that black and Latino students are now being matched with colleges that they're academically able to go to."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Literally, turn (4) is a response to the question posed by the interviewer. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is defending affirmative action programs and arguing against Ward Connerly's stance on the issue. The speaker is also accusing Mr. Connerly of being disingenuous and dishonest in his arguments against affirmative action.","questions":"How does the speaker describe Mr. Connerly's arguments against affirmative action?","answer":"Disingenuous"}
{"text":["Well, most of them are against the government, so many of them see even public health workers as the enemy since they work for the government. And every time there are clashes with the police or with government soldiers, you know, health workers have to wait a day or two or even more for them to get into these villages or territories to treat the people.","Yeah. You know, what struck me when I was reading your article was that the health officials actually think that this outbreak is made much worse because of these militias. It's almost like they've created the problem.","Absolutely. Because every, you know, day or hour of delay, there is the possibility that the virus will spread to someone else and then spreads to the entire village. And that could, you know, spread very dramatically.","So tell us a little bit more. You know, there are also experimental treatments. What kind of progress has been made there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Delays in treating people with the virus could lead to it spreading rapidly.","questions":"How could delays in treating the virus affect the spread?","answer":"Spread"}
{"text":["Oh, thanks. We're professional seguers here at NPR.","You took my breath away there.","Well, speaking of age, though, you're - you play a geezer in this picture.","Yeah, but I'm the youngest in the cast.","Really, I'm the baby."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  B implies that the character A is old or elderly.","questions":"Which character in the dialogue is referred to as a \"geezer\"?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["This is Day to Day from NPR News. I'm Alex Cohen. One of the world's most celebrated playwrights, Harold Pinter, has died. Pinter was a mainstay on the London theater scene since the 1950s. His works include \"The Birthday Party,\" \"The Homecoming,\" \"The Celebration,\" just to name a few. Harold Pinter won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2005. Here he is accepting that award.","There are no hard distinctions between what is real and what is unreal, nor between what is true and what is false. I think it's not necessarily either true or false. It can be both true and false.","The obscurity of those words is Pinter in a nutshell. His plays were light on plot, often taking place in a single room. Pinter offered no easy explanations for why characters acted the way they did. His dialogue was known mostly for. . .  pregnant pauses. In fact, the word people have come to use to describe that sort of tension in silence is Pinteresque. Here's Pinter in an interview with Charlie Rose, joking about the way some people reacted to his work.","When I went to see a production of my play, \"No Man's Land. \"I went into the bar in the interval. And a man and a woman - I couldn't escape, you know. They stand - stood in dead silence for a while. And then the man said, Oh, well, not as boring as the usual Pinteresque."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Not as boring as the usual implies that typically the plays are boring.","questions":"Which play did the man and woman see during the interval?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["I really feel disappointed that a member of the House took the time to attack the people that are contributing to the campaign of President Trump, an attack that we are fueling or helping to fuel hate among Hispanics. In my office, half my personnel is Hispanic. I love Hispanic people. They're family-oriented. My wife - all of us got scared. I said people are going to come to attack us.","But you do know that this is public information.","Yes. But we are not contributing to fuel any hate. We are contributing because we want President Trump to be reelected. I like the job he's doing as president. I love the way he loves America, the same way that I love America. I named my company Great America Companies in 1972 when I first immigrated to America because I felt this was a great place.","President Trump has used the words invasion and killer, according to new statistics, over 500 times when speaking about immigration and immigrants since 2017. That is as president. People see his rhetoric as divisive and specifically when speaking about Latino immigrants. Does that not concern you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are contributing to and\/or worsening hate among Hispanics because they are contributing to Trump's campaign, allowing him to continue doing so. Trump wouldn't be able to continue his devisive rhetoric if people didn't contribute to his campaign, so they are being blamed and attacked because of them.","questions":"How are Hispanics affected by the turn 0 statement?","answer":"affected"}
{"text":["So, this isn't someone who is just - and forgive a homey analogy for our listeners - this isn't someone who is just the Michael Jordan of Indian cricket. This is somebody who is the Michael Jordan times five, six or ten.","Probably yes, exactly. All - the Babe Ruth, Mickey Mantle, Lou Gehrig all combined. I don't know which other icons to come with from which sport that Americans relate to. And he somehow managed to be uncontaminated by scandal, by controversy in a sport that's been laden with examples of both. And his rise, in a sense, became tied up with or almost emblematic of India's own rise to ascension on the world stage. When Sachin Tendulkar made his debut for India in 1989 at the age of 16, India was still a developing country, a poor country, one with lots of problems, a semi-closed economy, that still called itself socialist. All of these problems. And then India liberalized in 1991 with the end of the Cold War and the major change in financial calculations and political philosophy in the country, and that coincided with Sachin's rise. So, India rose and Sachin rose, and he leaves just as our economy has also begun to tank a bit over the last year or two.","Shashi, what happens to a star of this magnitude in the retirement?Any idea?","Well, amusingly enough, my government nominated him to our Upper House. We have an Upper House that's weaker than your Senate.","You know, Shashi, let me simply interject: very few things are weaker than our Senate at the moment, but go ahead."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  Has my government nominated Sachin Tendulkar to our Upper House?","questions":"How was Sachin Tendulkar's retirement handled by the government?","answer":"Upper"}
{"text":["Like what, as you see it?","Well, there are a few things. First of all, ABC did try to get the case dismissed in the early going and the judge declined to do that. They tried to remove the case to federal court, which is a pretty well accepted strategy. But they couldn't remove it to federal court. So they were going to end up trying the case, really, in the plaintiff's backyard. So I think that those were risks combined with the fact that there's obviously a great deal of sort of free floating anti-media sentiment out there these days, which is hard to quantify. And the amount that was being requested by the plaintiff was, you know, billions, literally, billions of dollars.","Does a large settlement like this just embolden other people to sue media companies?","Well, I think that after we see a large verdict or a large settlement, we do tend to see an uptick. Many plaintiffs and their lawyers think that maybe media entities are easy get-rich-quick targets. I think that's a mistake."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : asking if there is a general perception that media companies are easy targets for lawsuits.","questions":"Which perception tends to increase after a large settlement or verdict?","answer":"Litigation"}
{"text":["And then, from that point, he had a great change in his life. Because with that adverse discharge, dishonorable discharge, he wasn't able to secure the kinds of benefits that he wanted to, and he had to overcome that. And I think the great story of his life is what he did afterwards, for the duration of his life and leading his family. He was an ordinary person under remarkable circumstances.","Now unfortunately, he passed away in 1984. So how did you get involved with the case?","Well, it all goes back to Jack Hamann, who is an author who wrote the book. He did some research, he found out, he's from the Seattle-Fort Lawton area. Discovered there was something very unusual in terms of the courts martial, and then sought to investigate the matter. And when he did, he uncovered, essentially, just a tremendous miscarriage of justice, very well documented. He researched it, he published the book.","And at that time, the family members came forward as he did more and more research in terms of trying to find and locate the individuals. And from there, I became involved when the - last September, when Congressman McDermott's office asked me to assist some of the individuals with their cases before the Army Board for Correction of Military Records. And that's how I, for example, got to know the Townsell family."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"tremendous miscarriage of justice\" implies that something really wrong happened, not that a physical miscarriage happened.","questions":"Which term describes the nature of the injustice?","answer":"Miscarriage"}
{"text":["Unlike other more indigenous groups to Afghanistan - like the Taliban, which generally tries not to kill civilians, at least as much as possible - ISIS in Afghanistan has done exactly the opposite. Much like their brethren in Iraq and Syria, anybody is game.","How big a threat are they?Have they eclipsed the Taliban?","Well, I think one has to put ISIS in Afghanistan into perspective. They are not a populist movement. They don't have a large support base either among Afghans or a large number of fighters. U. S.  estimates are down in the 2-to-3,000 realm, which is an order of magnitude lower than the Taliban. But what they're willing to do is to conduct high-profile attacks against Afghan and international targets in cities like Jalalabad and Kabul. And that makes them certainly a threat, but it doesn't make them a threat to overthrow the Kabul regime.","Is there coordination between the Taliban, or are they rivals?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : ISIS in Afghanistan is a threat through high-profile attacks","questions":"How is ISIS in Afghanistan a threat?","answer":"Attacks"}
{"text":["You know, one of the things - you know, getting back to your book, \"The National Team\" - one of the things that your book makes clear and what some people frankly might find shocking is just how early these issues started for women's soccer. I mean, there's something almost like on every other page about this. I'll just read one one paragraph. (Reading) While each player on the men's team got a $10,000 bonus for qualifying for the 1990 World Cup, the women received only a couple of T-shirts for qualifying for the 1991 Women's World Cup. The shirts featured the logo of Budweiser, a U. S.  Soccer sponsor. The players sarcastically call them their $5,000 T-shirts.","(Laughter).","OK. I just, you know - how has this been justified through the years?","You have to admire the sense of humor that the players had about it. You know, I think it would be unfair to sit here and say that it hasn't improved. But U. S.  Soccer - the women's national team started in 1985. The players were given uniforms that were clearly, like, leftover men's uniforms. And?The players before the first ever U. S.  Women's National Team game were up the night before sewing and cutting their uniforms so they would fit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite being the champions, the female players were not given the same bonus as the male players, showing the inequality in the sport industry.","questions":"What did the female players receive for qualifying for the 1991 Women's World Cup?","answer":"T-shirts"}
{"text":["Well, I think what's wrong with it is manifold. Our social safety net is embarrassingly weak; it barely merits the name. We give unemployment benefits that are stingy by rich countries' standards over periods that are short by rich countries' standards. And something a lot of people don't know, only about one-third of the unemployed even qualify because of various eligibility requirements. And on top of that, people lose their health insurance, some of them lose their pensions and so on.","And, we have estimates now that the unemployment rate will go up to at least 8 percent now.","I think that's right. I think at this point, we'll be fortunate or skillful, depending on how you want to think about it, if we can hold the line at 8 percent. I think higher is probably likely.","OK. So let's talk about unemployment benefits, and what do you think President-elect Obama should do about extending those?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The social safety net is inadequate due to strict eligibility requirements and inadequate benefits.","questions":"What is the reason for the inadequacy of the social safety net?","answer":"Eligibility"}
{"text":["If I had any confidence that another state would follow suit, I would agree with you. But we have watched as, really, only two states in the nation have done truly independent congressional redistricting. Neither of them are what I would call red states. And one of them is California, the state with the largest number of congressional seats in the country. And even though California moved forward with their independent redistricting, not one Republican state followed suit. So if what we're trying to do is have more Republicans in Congress, then I would say, yes, we back Governor Hogan's plan and just change it in Maryland.","But this sounds a little bit like a playground argument. Well, if they're not going to do it, I'm not going to do it, either, regardless of what may be right.","Well, that's what my bill solves. It allows for two states to do it simultaneously. And hopefully, that then moves a process forward that other states can then join.","Is there buy-in from Virginia?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker disagrees with the other person's argument.","questions":"What does the speaker think about independent congressional redistricting in red states?","answer":"Disagree"}
{"text":["We get to have some of these first-time discussions with parents where they didn't realize my student who graduates high school - wait a minute, you're telling me that they - in the state of Tennessee, they have the opportunity for two years or for a technical certificate program free of cost to me?And sometimes they tear up. Sometimes they're speechless. Sometimes I reach across the room and - to shake hands with two hands. Sometimes I give hugs to a mother who has nothing to say. She's shaking and she's crying. And these are lasting moments. These are the things that keep us going when otherwise it may seem we have a whole lot of bad news to deliver.","As an educator, Mr.  Leddy, do you have any concern that, you know, the mentality sometimes goes that because it's free, students - everybody involved might not take it seriously and treat community college as just a continuation of high school?","I've heard that. I don't share the view. At the high school level, where we are, and when we see the struggles the students have, when we see parents working two, three, four jobs to try to afford the basics, the subsistence needs for their families - that argument or that view kind of rings hollow. Our students are very appreciative. Our students feel that they're valued. They feel like someone is listening at the state level and someone is looking out for their futures.","The program is funded by the - by the Tennessee state lottery. So I guess if you want to - if you want to support education, buy a lottery ticket."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"So I guess if you want to - if you want to support education, buy a lottery ticket\" - Implied meaning: A way to support education is to buy lottery tickets.","questions":"What is the source of funding for the Tennessee free community college program?","answer":"Tennessee"}
{"text":["Does an event like this and forecast like that have the effect of concentrating the mind of not just financial planners. . .",". . . but people in Congress making these decisions. And I hear a little laugh.","You would think it would. And in the past, it has. I mean, as they gotten closer to the deadline, enough fear spread that they could pass something or do something or kick the can or whatever. But this time, one of the things that makes this time feel different is that there really are a lot of House Republicans who say, ah, let it default. It'll just shrink the government, will be all good. And it is an act of - I don't even know how to describe it. It's insanity.","Yeah. Well, Austan Goolsbee, I believe, used that word. Quick last question, if we could. So, October 17th is a real deadline but you think some of the effects, potentially, will be down the road."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The phrase \"down the road\" is a figurative expression meaning at some point in the future.","questions":"What is the phrase used by Austan Goolsbee to describe the situation?","answer":"Insanity"}
{"text":["In this piece, you write about a man named Jim Eggers, and he has bipolar disorder with psychotic tendencies. Could you tell us about his service animal?Her name is Sadie.","Yeah, Sadie is an African Grey parrot. So she's a pretty small parrot. And she rides around on his back in a backpack, a bright purple backpack, that he's had built around a cage. So, she's in a cage on his back, and he's pretty severely bipolar, and he has these psychotic tendencies, and he is often threatening to attack people or actually attacked people in past. And what Sadie does is she rides around his back, and she can actually sense when he's starting to get upset before he realizes it's even happening. And she'll say, it's OK, Jim. Calm down, Jim. I'm here, Jim. You're all right, Jim. And she'll just do this in a loop, and she'll talk him down.","According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, service animals are allowed to go wherever there are human owners are, but as you write, that's been causing some problems. What's been happening there?","People are just used to dogs. They don't associate parrots, horses, monkeys, ferrets, you know, ducks, goats with service animals. So, I think the reaction of a lot of business owners and the general public is often one of suspicion that you're sort of making it up."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Sadie is not just a pet but a service animal for Jim's bipolar disorder","questions":"How does Sadie help Jim?","answer":"Calming"}
{"text":["Oh boy, so much has changed. The club scenes, radio, the entire industry as a whole has changed dramatically. Even back then - I mean, I'm not really in clubs right now, but back then, the music that they were playing was different. The accessibility through music and the clubs, and then transitioning into radio was different.","Because that's really how \"Hey Mister DJ\" became such a big hit. A couple of DJs in the clubs loved it, started playing it, and then the next thing you know it was on the radio. And I remember because the label at that time was not really interested in promoting the song. So that's really how it got to mainstream radio, and it just would build and build from there. So it's changed so much now. Regulations and everything has changed. So it's just not as easy to kind of get in those doors.","Now, what made you decide you wanted to go record again?","You know, well, during that time, that seven year hiatus that I took, another life change that I had was really just kind of recommitting my life to God, and my husband and I both grew up in church. And you know, you kind of do your thing when you go to college, and you got your freedom, you do whatever you want to do, which is also a growing period."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The music played in clubs and on the radio has changed significantly over time","questions":"What has changed significantly over time?","answer":"Music"}
{"text":["The show was political. I mean, it didn't shy away from really difficult issues, took sharp aim at President Trump on several occasions. Did that play into Netflix's decision to cancel it, do we have any idea?","I don't get any sense that Netflix canceled it over the political content. If anything, the political content is one of the reasons why they treated this cancellation a bit differently and a bit more gently than they ordinarily do - because there were not a lot of shows out there about a Latin American family with a predominantly Latinx cast dealing with these issues about immigration, LGBTQ issues. You know, every episode has some kind of hot-button subject. You know, one of the characters is a recovering alcoholic. Another has PTSD from serving in the military. So it touched on a lot of things.","And that was one of the things the audience loved about it. I don't think, based on a lot of the other content Netflix has, that that would have been a reason to get rid of it. I think it was purely a financial decision or, you know, whatever the finances actually were.","And the show can't just get plucked up by someone else."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The show cannot be picked up by another network or platform, indicating a potential end to the series.","questions":"How does the statement in turn 3 suggest the future of the show?","answer":"End"}
{"text":["Fans of \"Judge Parker,\" a serial created in 1952 that follows the life of small-town judge Alan Parker and his family, will have noticed that Judge Parker's storyline has taken a hard turn. He is in prison and, as of the last strip, recovering from a brutal beating at the hands of other inmates when they found out that he was a judge. It's the latest twist in a plot that's turned the comic strip into a platform for educating readers about the troubling realities of prison life. It's a lot to take on in a few illustrated panels, so we've called up the writer of \"Judge Parker,\" Francesco Marciuliano. He took over the strip in 2016, and he's also the writer of \"Sally Forth,\" another popular syndicated comic.","Francesco Marciuliano, thanks so much for joining us.","Oh, thank you very much.","So we've spoken to you before. And I'm not going to get into all the details about why Judge Parker is in prison because it's a little crazy. But I'm just going to kind of summarize to say that he was, in a way, trapped. He thought he was doing the right thing, and this is what happened. And I just have to ask - you know, where did this come from?Where did you get the idea to follow this storyline?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Judge Parker's storyline has taken a hard turn due to his imprisonment, making the comic strip a platform to educate readers about prison life","questions":"Which strip has turned into a platform for educating readers about the realities of prison life?","answer":"readers"}
{"text":["So tell us what happened on the site last week.","Well I mean, what the culmination of a week of DDoS attacks, you know, it started off on Monday with DDoS attacks. And basically what that means is. . .","Please, go ahead. I was about to ask you what that meant.","Yeah. What happens is, you know, basically they send out little robots. They put robots on computers across the country, which make requests your website, which essentially brings your website down because of an overload of requests. So a DDoS stands for denial of service. And they do that by basically clogging up your arteries, basically, with actual requests from robots that are not regular people, and overwhelming your server."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This statement implies that the attack are intentionally used to disrupting a website's availability and causing damage to computer systems or networks. which is a cyber offense.","questions":"Which offense?","answer":"Cyber"}
{"text":["Good morning, Scott.","Please give us a fill - so much going on in the Mueller investigation this week.","Well, you know, it seemed like there was Mueller news pretty much every day this week, Scott. On Friday, we learned that Trump's chief financial officer, Allen Weisselberg, has been subpoenaed in the Mueller probe. Now, this is a man who has the keys to the kingdom, if anyone does. We also got a list of 35 witnesses who are expected to be called in the trial of Paul Manafort. Now, that's Trump's 2016 campaign manager. He is accused of money laundering and deceiving the U. S.  government. That trial was delayed until next week. But we do expect this is going to be the new refocusing of the Mueller probe in the days ahead.","Also this week, CNN reported that Michael Cohen - that's the former attorney for the president - is ready to testify that Trump knew about that June 2016 meeting with Manafort and Donald Jr.  and some Russians offering dirt on Hillary Clinton. And we also learned that Putin and the president will not meet in September because they want to wait until after the Mueller probe is over. So they're planning to exchange visits to each other's capital city next year."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is asking for an update on the Mueller investigation.","questions":"What is the name of Trump's former attorney who is reportedly ready to testify about the June 2016 meeting with Manafort and Donald Jr.?","answer":"Michael"}
{"text":["It will need to come from all of those sources, but it also has to - we have to take into account that the economic policies that are encouraged in things like bio-fuel all drive up the cost of fuel. So trading policies, agricultural policies that force people to engage in a form of agriculture that destroys the land, increase the price of food and pushes us further towards a global crisis.","Well, Bill, thanks so much.","Any time.","Bill Fletcher is a senior scholar with The Institute for Policy Studies and a former president of TransAfrica Forum."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Economic policies like bio-fuel increase fuel cost and food prices, leading to global crisis.","questions":"What is the impact of agricultural policies on the global crisis?","answer":"closer"}
{"text":["Harper Lee's longtime friend Wayne Flynt will be delivering the eulogy at her funeral. He joins us on the line from Monroeville. Welcome, Mr.  Flynt, and I'm so sorry for your and I guess all of our loss.","Yeah, I think it's a sort of global loss, given the popularity of the novel across the world.","Can you give us a sense about your friendship with Harper Lee?You have been in very close contact with her in the last years of her life.","That's correct. On average, once a month for the last 10 years since her stroke, we have sat and talked and told stories and exchanged insults. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : : The literal meaning of (4) is that Harper Lee and Mr. Flynt exchanged insults while they talked, however, the implied meaning is that they had a close, friendly relationship, as exchanging insults is often seen as a sign of endearment.","questions":"How did Harper Lee and Mr. Flynt interact during their conversations?","answer":"Insults"}
{"text":["Yes. I mean, this piece - I mean not only me played I think every piano student started with this piece. But actually, this piece is not just a ringtone, you know?This piece is a real beautiful, masterful piece.","Now, just listen to two different ways that Lang Lang showed us you can play that familiar melody. The first time, he's going to hit all the right notes. But the second time, his fingers will tell a story.","Because you can just put your hands, you know (playing piano).","It's quite easy, you know?But it's very hard to make (playing piano)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A's statement: \"It's quite easy, you know? But it's very hard to make (playing piano).\" Here, A is not saying that playing the piece is easy, but rather that the notes and mechanics of playing the piece are technically simple. However, bringing out the beauty and artistry of the piece through proper interpretation is challenging.","questions":"What is challenging about playing the piece?","answer":"Interpretation"}
{"text":["Tell me how you grew up.","Well, my grandparents raised me. When their - they had - they've been foster parents for as long as I can remember. And I was actually the first child other than their own that they actually took care of, and they raised me since I was six months old.","Although my mom lived there as well, she was always - you know, raised me as well, but I lived in their house. I always kept myself around something musical, whether it was being in a play where I played the drunk daughter, or sneaking out to the studio to make a, you know, a demo that never became anything. But you know, it was all a part of what I felt I needed to do beyond, you know, those - that house and beyond church. You know, I was always looking for something to do outside of that - of those four walls.","In this book, you talk about some really rough times you went through. Being held out a window by an abusive boyfriend who threatened to drop you to your death, being beat up, being manipulated. Why do you feel that it was important to put all that in the book?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B was raised by his grandparents who were foster parents, not his biological parents.","questions":"How was PersonB raised?","answer":"By-grandparents"}
{"text":["It's something that I think I've kind of really kind of gotten used to it over the years. But back when we really started taken off, it would be really strange to walk into a room with 20,000 people and you were the only African-American person in the room. I mean that happened a lot. And it's one of the things where I really had to come to grips with it.","I mean, I chose this life. I chose this job. This is what I wanted to do and, you know, I just - now it's no big deal, it's just the way it is. I love my job and I'm not going to change my job. So that just comes with the territory.","There's so many, what I call racial sharing moments going on right now and we, you know, we take them seriously, but we can also laugh at them. But sometimes have you ever felt that people ask you to be their guide into some greater understanding of blackness?","Oh, absolutely. You know, I've been playing Hootie & the Blowfish for 23 years, and we, you know, we've been doing' it. And I think my friends use me as a - like you said, as a vehicle to experience - and I know a lot of people that probably when they met me were pretty racist people, that are now really good friends of mine."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Some people expect the speaker to provide insights into black culture and use him as an example to improve their understanding of it.","questions":"What do some people ask the speaker to be in terms of understanding black culture?","answer":"Vehicle"}
{"text":[". . . And because I've written certain things. And now I know that certain people in Saudi Arabia that I can't even name, people who work at the Royal Court, are putting names on a list, people like me and others. And these people are now blacklisted in this country. And we know it. I mean, we all know it, OK?So this is it. This is what's at stake.","Why do you think this is happening now?","What's different now is certain regimes, even if they were fierce and bold and sometimes ruthless with their own opponents, did not do this level of things abroad or in the daylight, OK?Mubarak could make opponents disappear in Egypt. He would never dare to touch someone in the streets of London or Berlin. The Saudi leadership used to kidnap some princes for family reasons in Switzerland or elsewhere, but they would not kill someone in the streets of Paris or Rome, OK?So this is now different. These countries today feel that they have withered an extraordinarily enormous storm, which is the Arab revolution that started in 2011, OK?So they are today on a full-blast quest and hunt against anybody who could threaten their political existence.","If the West specifically and the United States don't react forcefully to Jamal Khashoggi's disappearance, what do you think the effect will be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are on a list of people that are treated badly by the country.","questions":"How are certain people in Saudi Arabia treating people on the list?","answer":"Badly"}
{"text":["Why?","Because it's like they don't have an agenda. They are just naturally funny.","I see a little boy break a grown man down so bad, one time, in the mall. We was in the sunglass department. The man tried on the sunglasses, he put the glasses on, he looked down at the little boy, he said, how these look?Little boy looked at him, he said, \"They look good, now all you got to do is get your teeth fixed. \"","Kids don't have an agenda. They just say what they see and then old people they just tell the truth. So - so, you know. I live in South Florida. And where I live is a predominantly retirement community. And one day, you know, how the new - the new fashion thing is your bra strap shows. You know, you could wear like a tube top and you have a fashion bra-bra, fashionable bra one. So I'm standing in line at the post office and this old lady taps me on the shoulder, she goes, sweetheart, your bra is showing.","And I look at her like, but it's pink. So I love that. I love people that are like generally funny and just on it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The little boy insulted the man's teeth and the old lady pointed out the bra strap","questions":"Which two items did the little boy insult and the old lady point out?","answer":"Teethandbrastrap"}
{"text":["There's been such wild swings. You know, in 2014, we were here talking about a dreadful harvest in Italy that was mostly due to the olive oil fruit fly, which was a big problem following a warmer-than-usual winter. This year, it's a deep freeze. And among farmers in Italy, they feel like these extreme swings are happening more often. Experts that we talked to believe that climate change is a factor.","I don't know the Olive Oil Times.","(Laughter) Well, you should. It's the most read olive oil publication. You know, it seems niche, but there are 3 million people around the world who make - who work to make olive oil. It's a very important food, one of the healthiest products that the Earth provides us. And there's a lot to tell. It's also a cultural cornerstone for the Mediterranean region and the rest of us.","Curtis Cord, publisher of the Olive Oil Times, we'll be reading it. Thanks so much, Mr.  Cord."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Extreme weather swings are happening more often due to climate change","questions":"Which publication did PersonA mention has 3 million readers worldwide?","answer":"Olive"}
{"text":["No. I think. . .","Misunderstood, misunderstood.","Misunderstood - that's what I'm here to do is trying to salvage the reputation of some of these Halloween monsters. So yes, Frankenstein I think gets a really raw deal in the reputation department. We all think of Frankenstein's monster as this monosyllabic idiot from the movies. But actually, in Mary Shelley's original novel from 1818, Frankenstein's monster was more of a sensitive intellectual type. He read Plutarch and Goethe. He was more Brooklyn hipster and less unfrozen caveman.","(Laughter) I hear - I sense a sequel coming on."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (Laughter) I hear - I sense a sequel coming on. (Implied meaning: It sounds like you have a great idea and it could be expanded on)","questions":"Which word describes the reaction of person PersonB to person PersonA's idea?","answer":"laughter"}
{"text":["Excuse me.","Present company excepted, of course.","All right, all right, OK, yeah.","But he constantly breaks his own maxim. It's huge fun."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is excluding the people currently present from the criticism they are about to make. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is making a sarcastic remark and implying that the people present are also guilty of the behavior they are criticizing.","questions":"What behavior is being criticized in the dialogue?","answer":"Behavior"}
{"text":["Yeah, Phillips Andover Academy. And David Halberstam actually unearthed this better than anybody when David was working on a book on Belichick, \"Education Of A Coach. \"And Ernie Adams is such a historian that he wanted to meet the great David Halberstam. And I think they traded questions. Every time David would ask Ernie something, Ernie could ask a Vietnam question of the late, great David Halberstam.","Yeah, so what does he do during a game?What does he do for the team?","Well, there's no question. During the games he's up in the booth with a headset and there's an emergency line down to the field with an orange piece of tape that says Ernie. It's a dedicated line for him. And if you see a controversial play or a play where they might dispute or throw the red bag to get a replay, those are carefully selected challenges. And Ernie, I believe, makes all the calls on those, like, this is worth the risk 'cause you lose a time out if you make the challenge and it's upheld. So if you go back - and there's an excellent NFL Films video from the Super Bowl last year and Ernie does speak a little bit in that. And it's pretty clear that he sniffed out the play that Pete Carroll ran from the one-yard line at the end of the game, which Malcolm Butler intercepted to win the Super Bowl. The Patriots had worked on that repeatedly on Friday. . .","Oh, my."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) is an expression of surprise. The implied meaning is an expression of admiration.","questions":"What is the emotion conveyed by turn 4?","answer":"awe"}
{"text":["The Rough Riders were a unique volunteer regiment that was formed in the first days of the Spanish-American War. At the time, the U. S.  military was really small, and they needed to bulk up really quickly. So the U. S.  Army went out and recruited cowboys, athletes, people who you could train pretty quickly. And a lot of it was the brainchild of Theodore Roosevelt.","It was his particular idea of who was manly enough to be in a regiment with him. Is that fair to say?","Well, it was - he - yes, he did a lot of the vetting himself. And it certainly was a lot of, yes, his conception of what it meant to be manly. And so you not only had a lot of people from the West but also a lot of Ivy League football players. The No. 1 and the No. 2 tennis player in the country quit tennis to join, and that was the kind of thing that he loved.","Were these celebrities in some cases?","Yeah, they were. They were celebrities in the sense that they were the children of the tycoons and the kind of lords of the Gilded Age, the sort of people who grew up in Newport and Fifth Avenue and had names that resonated for a public that, you know, much like today, they know who has the money, who has the power."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The celebrities who joined the Rough Riders were from wealthy families","questions":"What was the background of the celebrities who joined the Rough Riders?","answer":"Tycoons"}
{"text":["Sure, you don't want the whole - that to be the second sentence of every every paragraph about you.","O'CONNELL: Yeah, Billie Eilish, who has Tourette's syndrome. . .","Right, which since I announced it, which I only announced it because I was, like, this needs to be cleared up. And of course, I said in that thing that I don't want it to define me or be who I am or whatever. And of course now, it's everything everybody talks about all the time. So it's great. And people keep asking about me about it in interviews.","O'CONNELL: (Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that the speaker is being sarcastic or making a joke in response to the other person's comment.","questions":"What was O'Connell's response to PersonA's comment about people asking about their Tourette's syndrome in interviews?","answer":"Laughter"}
{"text":["The Trump administration - or at least the president - have indicated previously they don't share this conclusion. Saudi Embassy says the claims and the purported assessment are false. Now, let's note - President Trump has often criticized the U. S.  intelligence establishment, saying they're not right on Russia. Oh, yeah. They were the ones who said Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.","We have to ask, is there any indication in this CIA report, which has sources inside, that this is some kind of attempt by what the president's supporters call the deep state to bring him into line?","No, I don't think so. I mean, the CIA - you know, for all of the ways that the president somehow misunderstands how they operate - is looking at this situation objectively. And, yes, to some degree, they are factoring in subjective judgments about how people behave, like the crown prince. But this is not an attempt, I think, to, you know, bring the crown prince to heel or to somehow influence policy.","And we should note, too, the president, I mean, has been briefed on the CIA's findings. And what we understand is that he keeps resisting them because he doesn't have, I guess, the smoking gun. He keeps asking, well, where's the body?Or, show me the definitive proof that Mohammed bin Salman ordered this. And, you know, it doesn't always work that way."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This statement implies that President Trump is skeptical of the CIA's findings and is seeking irrefutable evidence before taking action.","questions":"Which individual is seeking irrefutable evidence before taking action?","answer":"Trump"}
{"text":["Yes, it's a primate. It's actually one of the largest monkey species there are. I'm not sure if you're familiar with Rafiki from the movie \"Lion King?\"Rafiki is a mandrill. They have extremely colorful noses and rumps, and like I said, they're one of the largest monkey species.","Do the animals get something special to eat considering it's Thanksgiving?","Keepers that are responsible for the day-to-day care of the animals do make some special treats for the animals. For example, our gorillas, on a daily basis, they get sweet potatoes, and on Thanksgiving, they may add some nutmeg or cinnamon to the sweet potatoes to make it kind of reminiscent of being home with family on the holidays.","Barb Webber is working today at Disney's Animal Kingdom. Happy Thanksgiving, Barb, to you and your animal friends."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Adding nutmeg or cinnamon to sweet potatoes is similar to being home with family on the holidays","questions":"Which spice is added to the sweet potatoes to make it reminiscent of being home with family on the holidays?","answer":"Cinnamon"}
{"text":["Sure.","But any - is there any other practical dimension to your support right now?","We have an open-door policy. Anybody can come anytime of the day or night that they need help. We have done know your rights training. We disseminate that information with a lot of frequency. So we make sure that people get in their hands the steps they need to take if they should have an encounter with ICE.","Do they have any rights?This is one thing that I'm unclear about because I think - do people have any rights?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Open door policy is how the characther describled, not the literal meaning of the door always being open","questions":"Which policy does the character describe?","answer":"Open-door"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me.","How long have you been throwing the javelin?","I started throwing when I was 13 years old.","When you were 13 years old. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"When you were 13 years old...\" - This turn is not a question about the person's age when they started throwing the javelin, but rather a way for the speaker to express surprise or disbelief about the fact that the person started throwing at such a young age. The literal meaning of the turn is a simple question about the person's age, but the intended meaning is different, as it conveys a sense of amazement or disbelief.","questions":"What emotion does turn 3 convey?","answer":"Amazement"}
{"text":["And Mr.  Cohen has had his brushes with the criminal justice system before, hasn't he?","Well, I don't think it's fair to say that he has. I think that there are many people around him who have, ranging from members of his family to myriad business associates - associates of his in the taxi business. When he first got out of law school and started working as a personal injury lawyer in, I think, 1992 or 1993, the first job he took was with a personal injury law firm where the named partner was arrested on bribery charges within a year or two of Michael having arrived there. Now, Michael was a junior associate. You know, I wouldn't want to imply that somehow that related to him, but that was the first known instance of many that followed of Mr.  Cohen being around or being involved with people that got into a lot of legal trouble - other lawyers, business associates and so forth.","In the 30 seconds we have left, is he - is Michael Cohen in a position to know a lot about Donald Trump and The Trump Organization that they might rather not have the public know?","I think that's right. But I think we have to make a distinction between knowing a lot that they might not want the public to know to having information that represents evidence that can be used in a criminal prosecution, whether it's of people at The Trump Organization, Mr.  Trump's family or Mr.  Trump himself, who likely wouldn't be indicted under any circumstances because he's the sitting president."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Michael Cohen has been associated with people who have gotten into legal trouble","questions":"How has Michael Cohen been associated with others?","answer":"associates"}
{"text":["It was for people who are sort of touched by this. And when you saw what goes into it, you will understand. I mean, it's a week of sanding and scrapping and chiseling. It really - it was kind of an amazing process.","Yeah. And it's a beautiful video you made. It's up there on our website at sciencefriday. com. You can watch how they build the bikes. They talk about the bamboo where they - they're bringing in from Vietnam and choose it, right?","That's right. Their cream of the crop, they say.","You imagine going bamboo shopping?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The best of the crop of bamboo was brought from Vietnam.","questions":"How was the bamboo selected?","answer":"Chosen"}
{"text":["Well, CCH Pounder, great to talk to you.","Thank you.","CCH Pounder is an actor and gallery owner. Her space in Los Angeles is called the Pounder-Kone Art Space, and she joined me right here in the studios of NPR West in Culver City.","That's our show for today. Thank you for sharing your time with us. To listen to the show or subscribe to our podcast, visit our website nprnewsandnotes. org. To join the conversation or sign up for our newsletter, visit our blog at nprnewsandviews. org."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : sharing your time with us implies listening to the show","questions":"What does \"sharing\" imply?","answer":"participation"}
{"text":["Mercy. It could have been - could it have been prevented?Aside from maybe not inventing it, could it have been prevented somehow?","Great question, and yeah, here's the thing - the software flaw is something in the Microsoft operating system, in Windows. Microsoft released a patch for it way back in March. So in an ideal world, you would have installed the patch and been protected from this onslaught, this ransomware campaign. But obviously, we don't live in an ideal world, and it's not reasonable to expect every local IT guy to update immediately.","So 15 seconds we have left - we know a lot of people listening to us are online. What do they do or not do?","Well, absolutely backup your data. Have a way to have your data backed up in a trusted cloud provider or an external drive because the fact is if you backup your data, this kind of attack loses its fangs."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Ideal world: An imaginary or hypothetical perfect world.","questions":"What is the flaw in the Microsoft operating system that caused the ransomware campaign?","answer":"Software"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","Did that work for you?","Yeah. I mean, because it's similar to what the TV show does. They tease some things. Some things get a few seconds. Some things are the main themes. And I felt that they really focused on two main lines here. I think, for me, they were the two main themes of this one. One is that downstairs, it turns out that the royals come with their own servants. And their own servants are very snooty. They're snootier than the king and queen. . . .","Yeah.",". . . As it turns out. And upstairs, the Dowager countess, Maggie Smith - no one else - is dealing with succession issues and who's going to run things in the future. And that also becomes an interesting plot. So those are the two main ones for me. But there's all kinds of other ones that are kind of peeking in around the edges.","I didn't think Maggie Smith could shine any more than she does in the television series, but she really did."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The servants and royals believe that they are better than everyone else.","questions":"How did the royals' servants behave?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Well, right. And no U. S.  commander - speaking from experience - would put the aircraft in that kind of a situation. And for your audience, that reason is that, unlike aircraft - surveillance aircraft in the past, the kind of sensor systems that are onboard this drone are such that they can see dozens and dozens and dozens of miles away from the aircraft. So, you know, it's flying up above 50,000 feet over the Strait of Hormuz. It can monitor the entire strait plus see inside Iran without having to fly over it.","Just a little bit more detail, if you would, on this. . .","Sure.",". . . Specific drone - we're told it was an RQ-4 Global Hawk surveillance drone. Do you have any sense of how many of those are out flying over the region, how widely used they are?What intel are they collecting?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The drone has powerful sensors and can see far distances","questions":"How far can the drone's sensors see?","answer":"Dozens"}
{"text":["This is News & Notes. I'm Farai Chideya. In 1944, an Italian prisoner of war was lynched in a riot. It took place at Fort Lawton in Seattle, Washington. Forty-three black soldiers were charged in the incident; 28 of them were convicted. More than 60 years later, the Army Board of Correction overturned the convictions. The military found major issues with the soldiers' court martial. Joining us today is Howard Cooley. He's an attorney with the law firm Patrick Henry. The firm represented the family of Booker Townsell, one of the soldiers charged in the case. Thank you for joining me.","Thank you, and thank you for having me.","So tell us about Booker Townsell. Who was he, and what had he been through before and after the court martial?","He was a young man who was drafted in World War II, like so many other people. Seems to have had a - not a - nothing remarkable about his background, from what I'm able to understand. And - but he did become quite remarkable during World War II because he became a prisoner - he had to guard some prisoners of war, some Italian prisoners of war. And the riot broke out and then he, as a result of that, he was convicted, he was dismissed from the service with adverse honors."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"dismissed from the service with adverse honors\" - the phrase \"dismissed with adverse honors\" seems contradictory because \"honors\" usually connote a positive recognition, while \"dismissed\" connotes being fired or removed from service. In this case, it means that Booker Townsell was removed from service in a dishonorable manner.","questions":"How was Booker Townsell dismissed from the service?","answer":"Dismissed"}
{"text":["That question is, what is the most disloyal dog breed?","I have some issues with the premise of that one, but let's get to your answer, first of all.","Well, this question is going to have to remain unanswered to a certain extent. No one really knows. And the problem is there are plenty of researchers out there who are studying the personalities of dogs, but none of them evaluate any kind of personality trait called loyalty, or anything like that.","It's a bit subjective."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B disagrees with the premise of the question but is willing to discuss it further.","questions":"What is PersonB's attitude towards discussing the question?","answer":"Willing"}
{"text":["And I started recording them, and then over time, it found its audience.","I mean, it found a huge audience. Does it surprise you that what you find interesting so many other people do, too?","Yes and no. It's funny, I was listening about vaccines just now, and in a way, you know, modern medicine has approached this mission of optimizing the life of the body with such methodical rigor, but we haven't necessarily done that about the life of the mind.","And the education system is, in a way, this antiquated universal vaccine model: We think that we can cram it all in a few years of formal schooling, and it's going to protect us for the rest of our lives. But the way I think of learning and creative curiosity is as a kind of immune system against the life of mediocrity."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Yes and no\" implies that A is on the fence concerning if he was surprised that what he find interesting others too do.","questions":"What is PersonA's response when PersonB asks if it surprises him that what he finds interesting, others do too?","answer":"Yes\/no"}
{"text":["But you're reporting the car companies don't want this to end up in the courts. How come?","So it takes a long time to bring a car to market. It takes five years to introduce a new product for these automakers. So they're planning years in advance. If you know what the regulations are going to be in five years, you can make decisions about what kinds of cars you want to bring to market.","If you don't know because it's up in the air and a judge could issue a ruling at any time that will change the regulation of your entire industry, then there's a lot of uncertainty. So even some carmakers who, again, were kind of skeptical about the original rules are really adamant now that they definitely don't want this feud, this back-and-forth, to continue.","They just want clarity. NPR's Camila Domonoske, thank you so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Car companies want to know the future regulations to plan ahead","questions":"What are car companies planning for?","answer":"Future-cars"}
{"text":["So we shall see.","But I have learned a new phrase - brass-necked. Our own brass-necked Melissa Block is covering the World Cup.","(Laughter) I'm not sure if that's a compliment, Steve. But thanks.","I don't know. If it means tough, if it means on top of things, it is you, Melissa. Own it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Melissa Block is capable and competent. (implied from the phrase 'Own it.')","questions":"How would you describe Melissa's personality based on the conversation between PersonA and B? (Answer: competent)","answer":"Competent"}
{"text":["Is President Trump right to blame the Fed. . .","Perhaps. . .",". . . For increasing interest rates?","Yeah. Perhaps a little bit on the margin. He's not wrong about that. So interest rates are still fairly low. The Fed raised its rate, its benchmark rate, to 2. 25 to 2. 5 percent, which is not - it's not, you know, like a hugely high rate. But they are starting to kind of cool the economy off a little bit. And, you know, for years and years and years, that rate has functionally been very, very close to zero. And they've been raising it slowly but surely. They've forecast that they are going to continue raising interest rates unless they see something in the numbers that really upsets them. So, yeah, you know, the Fed is not providing more help to the economy. It's looking at the economy and saying, hey, GDP growth is still 2. 8 percent per year this late in the recovery. We're going to keep on raising rates. And if there's a recession. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A is not fully agreeing with B's statement","questions":"How does PersonA feel about PersonB's statement?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["Hi.","So you're about to get underway with your lunch rush. What are the workers telling you?What are the conversations you're hearing there at the bar?","Well, they're like counting down the days and saying what are they going to do. You know, some people have no plans. They don't know what they're going to do. Then other people say they're going to move away because this is a dying town, and it's really frightening.","And what does that mean for you?","Well, I just hope that we can make it through. I don't know. We don't know what is in store - you know, the future has for us because we've already - when they cut the shifts back, we've already lost a lot of our business from over there. Now, there's going to be nobody, and we just don't know where it's going to go from there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : lunch rush is a time when places are very busy, like restaurants, and usually during lunch, hence the name lunch rush","questions":"Which meal time is typically associated with a busy period in restaurants?","answer":"Lunch"}
{"text":["This is News & Notes. I'm Farai Chideya. In 1944, an Italian prisoner of war was lynched in a riot. It took place at Fort Lawton in Seattle, Washington. Forty-three black soldiers were charged in the incident; 28 of them were convicted. More than 60 years later, the Army Board of Correction overturned the convictions. The military found major issues with the soldiers' court martial. Joining us today is Howard Cooley. He's an attorney with the law firm Patrick Henry. The firm represented the family of Booker Townsell, one of the soldiers charged in the case. Thank you for joining me.","Thank you, and thank you for having me.","So tell us about Booker Townsell. Who was he, and what had he been through before and after the court martial?","He was a young man who was drafted in World War II, like so many other people. Seems to have had a - not a - nothing remarkable about his background, from what I'm able to understand. And - but he did become quite remarkable during World War II because he became a prisoner - he had to guard some prisoners of war, some Italian prisoners of war. And the riot broke out and then he, as a result of that, he was convicted, he was dismissed from the service with adverse honors."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"tell us about\" - this is a commonly used phrase to ask someone to share information or their thoughts, but its actual meaning is to ask for an overview or summary of a particular topic or person.","questions":"How did PersonB ask PersonA to provide an overview of Booker Townsell?","answer":"Overview"}
{"text":["Well, they've arrested these two men. One is an official in the office of the governor of the province. The other is the president of the university. Those would seem to be two pretty prominent individuals. Does anyone know what's happened to them, where they are?","That's still murky right now. We know they've been arrested. We don't know where they're being held, and according to Iraqi officials, they've apparently been arrested on charges of committing violence, committing terrorism. We don't much - really much more than that.","So we have this day in Iraq. It begins with this pretty normal thing, a visit from a - from the leader of a neighboring country, and then this kind of a development, which doesn't sound normal at all. It leaves you kind of wondering, one step forward, one step backwards.","Sure, but, you know, what it really illustrates is how uneven the security situation in Iraq is. Sure, you're seeing signs of progress. You're seeing neighboring leaders and neighboring countries visit. You are seeing violence levels down, but there are still large parts of Iraq that could explode at any moment. And it really shows how little the security situation is in many areas."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) In turn (3), the speaker implies that the recent events in Iraq are not normal and that there is a sense of uncertainty and instability, despite some signs of progress.","questions":"Which speaker suggests a lack of stability in Iraq despite some progress being made?","answer":"Speaker3"}
{"text":["To be honest, I don't trust Obama not a bit.","Why?","Because he keeps saying things which doesn't exist. And we were, as Arab countries, hoping when he was new elected that maybe he is a bit better than the former Bush. But it seems to be that every president come to the United States is not carrying on anything except what's help Israel, which it's their little tribe to be care.","What do you think a U. S.  military strike might do on the ground?And I know you can't necessarily know where any bombs would fall, but how do you think that'll affect your life?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"How does PersonA feel about the former Bush administration?","answer":"distrust"}
{"text":["You've been raising questions about Jared Kushner's security clearance for a couple of years. Should he have one?","No. He should not - well, he should not have top-secret security clearance. You know, there are at least three problems - one is that he had numerous errors and omissions on his initial security clearance form where he did not report foreign contacts. Two, he has tremendous financial vulnerabilities, including this property called 666 Fifth Avenue in New York City where he's tremendously indebted. And he's seeking investment from all over the world to shore it up. And then three, it appears that the president concealed the fact that he had actually ordered John Kelly and Don McGahn to give Jared Kushner a top-secret clearance. And law enforcement officials didn't want him to have it. And so these factors all point to him not having it or not - he should not have it, I should say.","Quick last question. Do people in Schaumburg, Ill.  - in your district - care about whether Donald Trump lied about paying hush money to an actress or the job he's doing as president?","I think they really care about making sure that we get to the bottom of what happened in 2016. At the same time, they also care about us delivering on their pocketbook priorities. And so as Chairman Cummings pointed out in the Oversight hearing, this hearing with Michael Cohen was not the first hearing of the 116th Congress in Oversight. The first hearing was about trying to tackle the problem of rising prescription drug prices. And so we got to walk and chew gum at the same time, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Jared Kushner should not have top-secret security clearance due to errors, financial vulnerabilities, and concealing facts","questions":"What three problems did PersonA mention as reasons for Jared Kushner not having top-secret security clearance?","answer":"errors,financial,concealing"}
{"text":["Will you try and legislate in spite of the president instead of with him?I mean, it seems that he is distracting from what the Republican Congress is trying to do.","Oh, absolutely. I think we'll move forward without that. I think that the president can certainly - I mean, it would be helpful, obviously, if the president makes that pivot - and I certainly hope that he does - where he's certainly more deliberate, more thoughtful in his approach - certainly gets off this Twitter stuff (laughter) - where, you know, I think that, as commander in chief - and I've said this before - that the men and women who serve this country in uniform want to see a president focused on the fact that we're a nation at war and not in a Twitter war with Rosie O'Donnell.","And so I think - I hope that this president can self-correct - this presidency can stabilize. But the Congress needs to move forward with policies that matter to the American people. And the president is doing something important right now in having visited Saudi Arabia - and to strengthen our alliance with Saudi Arabia, to counter that Iranian - Syrian, certainly under Assad, and Russia axis of power that is strengthening.","You know, you're talking about Twitter, but there were reports last week that the president disclosed sensitive intelligence information from Israel to Russian diplomats in an Oval Office meeting. You're a veteran. Do you have any concerns about the president's national security judgment, just briefly?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"the Congress needs to move forward with policies that matter to the American people\" - literal meaning, refers to the Congress passing laws that are important to the citizens of the United States.","questions":"What is the Congress's responsibility?","answer":"Laws"}
{"text":["Remind everyone that immigrants are one of the greatest blessings that the good Lord has brought to America. Immigrants are a blessing and not a curse. This dumb idea that Latinos are changing America - and if the manifesto is legitimate - we're not a hundred percent certain - but if the manifesto is legitimate and authentic, it speaks to a troubled individual that may very well be part of a troubled group of individuals in this country that once again want to resurrect a nativist, white nationalist mindset that will not survive in the 21st century.","My message is this - conservatives, Republicans, Democrats, liberals - let's come together, and let's annihilate white nationalism, nativistic, xenophobic attitudes in America once and for all. Let's bring the country together and let's address immigration. And it's a win-win across the board.","That's Reverend Samuel Rodriguez. He's president of the National Hispanic Christian Leadership Conference.","Reverend Rodriguez, thanks so much for talking to us once again."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker wants to address the negative views towards immigrants in America and reject white nationalism and xenophobia","questions":"What does the speaker want to reject in America?","answer":"nativism"}
{"text":["So this will help the basketball players and then also the track events. But the good thing is obviously with these developments - the wheelchairs (unintelligible) through the people, you know, everyday people that use wheelchairs, and it will mean it's more lightweight for them to lift, say, in and out of vehicles.","And some of this stuff then filters in back to the general public.","Yeah, I mean, and that's a great thing, you know, the flow sort of from elite to high street, as we refer to it, is great. So you start seeing that, for example, with push bikes. We see a lot of that now available, helmet design from bikes, you say that. Swimwear is another thing that we see a lot of technology flowing into the high street.","Let's talk about swimwear because there was a kind of swimwear that was used and is now banned, and something new is taking its place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Advancements in wheelchair technology will make it easier for everyday wheelchair users to lift them in and out of vehicles.","questions":"How will advancements in wheelchair technology benefit everyday users in terms of lifting?","answer":"Lightweight"}
{"text":["You know, we've had numerous issues here over the past three to four, almost six months because our portion of the river has been closed to barge traffic for far longer than that. Once you get to certain points, river stages - they shut off that barge traffic. And even if the barge traffic were to be able to be taking place, a number of the grain terminals aren't able to load those barges because the water is so high, the infrastructure in place just isn't able to load those barges. So we've been having the hit, I guess, you'd say of that for quite some time, especially when those grain terminals are still full from last fall's harvest.","How much of your supply gets transported on the Mississippi?","Pretty much a hundred percent of our corn and soybean production goes to those river terminals and then, in turn, goes to the export market.","And at the same time that this is happening, you're also looking at a possibly escalating trade war with China. How is that exacerbating what you're going through right now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A was talking about the problems of his business but B asked how much of his supplies get transported","questions":"How much of PersonA's corn and soybean production goes to the river terminals?","answer":"Hundred"}
{"text":["The global economy is facing some risk right now, according to a leading woman in finance. We specify Christine Lagarde's gender because the managing director of the International Monetary Fund is among the most prominent women in a male-dominated industry. And gender is very much on her mind on this International Women's Day.","She's been suggesting the world would be a very different place if women played more leading roles in banking. Madam Lagarde has consistently said that had more women been in charge of the major banks, the financial crisis of 2008 might have been avoided. She's now studying risks to the economy, and that is where we began our conversation.","There are risks. It's coming from various corners of the world, this sort of downward trend that we're seeing. One is you have the euro area numbers, in particular, combination of the Brexit uncertainty and the trade concerns but also particular matters affecting, for instance, the automobile industry in Germany or the uncertainty over the Italian budget or the protests in the streets of my home country.","But you're also seeing some countries that have gone down for other reasons. Think of Argentina, which has faced a major crisis. Think of Iran, for instance, which have been revised downwards - big way. Think of Venezuela, which is contracting massively. So those are, you know, sort of, the particular countries that are going to contribute to that declining growth in 2019 and in 2020."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) Madam Lagarde has consistently said that had more women been in charge of the major banks, the financial crisis of 2008 might have been avoided. - This turn implies that if more women had been in charge of the major banks, the financial crisis of 2008 might have been avoided.","questions":"How has Madam Lagarde suggested the financial crisis of 2008 might have been avoided?","answer":"Avoided"}
{"text":["I just said I don't think. At the moment, I can't think of one. How do you follow \"Death of a Salesman\"?I actually can't, I mean, I suppose I could add \"Long Day's Journey into Night. \"But I never get a feel to do it again. And anyway, \"Long Day's Journey into Night,\" we've seen it most - pretty recently. I actually can't think of anything, but I don't need to. I'm perfectly happy at home.","Well, that's a luxury.","Yeah.","Do you go back and see your plays often after they're up and running?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Well, that's a luxury\" is an idiomatic expression that means \"That's a privilege\" or \"That's a rare and fortunate thing to have.\"","questions":"Which expression means \"That's a privilege\" or \"That's a rare and fortunate thing to have\"?","answer":"Luxury"}
{"text":["Hanna was a bride. That is, she was a North Korean woman who was kidnapped in North Korea and taken to China where she was sold as a bride to a Chinese man. This is a big market in China. After 30 years of a one-child policy and Chinese couples' preference for boys, there is a severe shortage of young women in China today. And the one thing many young men want most in life is a bride. So they place an order for one from North Korea.","For how much?","It depends. Every North Korean bride I interviewed told me that she remembered the price for which she was sold, but roughly, it's $1,500 or $2,000.","And once in this relationship, if you can call it that, how did she escape?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Hanna was a victim of human trafficking as a North Korean bride, not a willing participant","questions":"What was Hanna's nationality?","answer":"North-Korean"}
{"text":["There are laws that do govern whether the - whether U. S.  individuals can serve as officers, can enlist in foreign militaries, but it's unclear if they're ever enforced and what the penalties really are because of various Supreme Court decisions. You've seen how Americans have served in the French - well, I've mentioned French Foreign Legion in the article, the Israeli Defense Forces. And these are not mercenaries.","A lot of Americans enlisted in the British Army during World War II.","Sure, right. And these are not - you wouldn't call them mercenaries. But I don't know that there's a distinction if you then join a foreign military just for the money. Now - and by the way, this doesn't apply to people who join ISIS or the Taliban or somebody who fights against the U. S.  or a U. S.  ally.","That really is against the law."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It's possible for U.S. individuals to serve in foreign militaries, but it's unclear if there are consequences for doing so","questions":"Which law is unclear about the consequences of U.S. individuals serving in foreign militaries?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["So one of the most famous stories about Julie takes place at a royal ball, at the Palais Royal. She attended in men's clothes. She often dressed in men's clothes, in the way that Katharine Hepburn dressed in men's clothes, not pretending to be a man, just, that was her style. And she saw a young woman on the dance floor, beautiful young woman, and she kissed her. Everyone gasped. And three men, one after another, three noblemen challenged her to a duel. So she said to them, one after another, yes, I'll meet you outside at midnight. Fought them, one after another, beat them all and then returned to the ball.","(Laughter) Just another night at the palace.","As you do, that's right. And, you know, that really sealed her reputation as a wild, uncontained woman who just did not care about any of the protocols.","Yeah. And how important was historical accuracy to you as a novelist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In context, B's response \"Just another night at the palace\" is a sarcastic comment and doesn't actually mean that it was a typical night at the palace. Instead, it implies that the situation was unusual and scandalous, but B is making light of it with humor.","questions":"What was the tone of PersonB's response to PersonA's story about Julie?","answer":"Humorous"}
{"text":["I'm fine, thanks. Let's begin with the playoffs from last week. The Steelers beat the Bengals.","Brutal game.","Ugly, wasn't it?Not just ugly, vicious. That's what I mean.","It was a vicious game and also a game that - I've watched a lot of sports. I've never seen a team do so many dumb things as the Bengals did to lose that game in the final minutes."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Steelers and Bengals were both playing aggressively and making mistakes that could have cost them the","questions":"How would you describe the style of play during the Steelers-Bengals game?","answer":"Vicious"}
{"text":["I had a very sobering experience last week. Michigan's Democratic governor was tapped to play the part of Sarah Palin in practice debates with Joe Biden. And while she was out of the state, I wrote a fantastic column whose premise was that Sarah Palin had arrived in Michigan, barged into the vacant governor's office, and decided to see what she could do to whip our mopey little state into shape.","Now, what I was not prepared for was the hundreds of readers who called the Free Press to ask, did the governor of Alaska really crash into the governor's office and take over the state for a day?And I spoke to one woman, and I said, ma'am, isn't this premise a little bit implausible?And she said, Mr.  Dickerson, a lot of what I see on the news doesn't make sense these days, but it all seems to be true.","And I think that's the level of confusion and shock and awe that's out there in our state these days. They really don't know which end is up.","Brian Dickerson is a political columnist for the Detroit Free Press, getting a lot of interesting phone calls and letters. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The columnist's fictional premise was mistaken for a real event","questions":"How was the columnist's fictional premise received by the readers?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["From NPR News, it's Day to Day. Mexico could collapse if it doesn't get control of the drug war there. That's the conclusion of two reports, one from the Defense Department, the other from former drug czar Barry McCaffrey, who says Mexico is, quote, \"on the edge of the abyss. \"","NPR's Mexico City correspondent Jason Beaubien is in Tijuana. And Jason, that sounds pretty dire, \"on the edge of the abyss. \"What are these reports saying?","Both of these reports are basically saying that the drug war in Mexico at the moment is escalating, and it's out of control in some parts of the country, and that the U. S.  should be considering that these confrontations that the Mexican state is having with drug cartels almost all across the country could push the state into a failed state.","A failed state. So what actually could trigger that?What could push Mexico over the edge?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mexico is facing a very serious and dangerous situation.","questions":"What is the conclusion of the two reports on Mexico's drug war?","answer":"Escalating"}
{"text":["My own judgment is it is a personal power struggle. President Salva Kiir is in power, and Riek Machar - he has been the deputy in the party and the deputy in the government. And in 2015, Riek Machar came openly talking about his ambition to become the president of the Republic of South Sudan one day. That led to his dismissal. That is the genesis of this problem.","President Salva Kiir is from the ethnic Dinka majority, the largest tribes in South Sudan, and Riek Machar is from Nuer, the second largest tribe. And, you know, in South Sudan, these two tribes - they constitute the majority of the - of the army. That is why fighting took place with the support of these two big tribes who dominated army.","There are 12,000 U. N.  peacekeeping troops there already. The proposal is for another 4,000. I gather a spokesman for the South Sudan government says they're opposed because this would be neocolonialism. Help us understand what he means by that.","Well, the government is saying it is an attempt to colonize South Sudan. It is an attempt by the American government to change the regime or the regime change. That is what the government is saying, but I don't know whether that is the intention. This morning, I had an opportunity to interview the U. S.  ambassador - the South Sudan ambassador, Molly Phee - and she categorically denied that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) A's statement that the South Sudanese government views the proposal for additional peacekeeping troops as an attempt to colonize the country implies that they perceive the U.S. government as a threat to their regime, and are wary of any external intervention. The actual meaning goes beyond the literal definition of colonization as the establishment of political control over a territory by a foreign power.","questions":"Which term used by the South Sudanese government goes beyond the literal definition of colonization?","answer":"colonization"}
{"text":["The tragedy in Burma is it's just hard for us to comprehend. It is true that the current projections are that the numbers will rise significantly. I've heard numbers as high as 50,000 people being killed. So it's something that just automatically pulls at the heartstrings.","And you know, Farai, scientists have discovered that human beings are actually wired to be altruistic, so it's a part of our DNA. It's natural for us to want to give. We see a crisis, we want to give. And so I think it's really important to acknowledge that, and to really encourage people to give. It can. The giving, overwhelming giving for a major public emergency like this can have a negative impact on other parts of the world. We've seen it in the past.","For example, when the tsunami hit Asia, several years ago, where a quarter of a million people lost their lives, you saw relief and development organizations flooded with donations. OxFam UK, at a certain point, actually had to refuse donations because they no longer had the capacity to actually program funds. So what I would actually advocate for those that are really interested in making contributions, is to give responsibly. To really look at those organizations that you are interested in making a contribution to, and making your donation in flexible kinds of ways. . .","So, for general support as opposed to necessarily for one thing."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The tragedy in Burma is something that is difficult for us to fully understand emotionally.","questions":"Which country is mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Burma"}
{"text":["The videos of the embryos. He does sort of time lapse of human development, and it was really fascinating to watch, going from this sort of little hard to, you know, nondescript ball to what you would recognize. . .","As an embryo.",". . . as an embryo or a fetus.","This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow talking with Flora Lichtman about our Video Pick of the Week, and it's a - videos of embryos, all different kinds of embryos. So you got the film, the footage. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This is a figurative expression that describes the appearance of an early-stage embryo.","questions":"Which expression describes the appearance of an early-stage embryo?","answer":"Cameras"}
{"text":["I do. And there was a series that was done on PBS. I think it was - I can't remember which report - I think it was Andrea Mitchell, I'm not sure, where she did a lot of interviews with Generation Next. And these are the young people in our society who are just going into high school. And these are the young people in our society who are just going in to high school. And these are young people who have totally different ideas about race than we do and how they can get along with each other. But what was missing was concrete information, science and history and an understanding of social structure, so that they could have these conversations. So part of what I'm excited about is this is a project that gives young people, who are already thinking about bridging gaps and already thinking about bridging divides of culture and race, to have tools to talk about this in ways that our generation did not.","Yolanda, thank you so much.","You are welcome.","Yolanda Moses is on the advisory board of a project called \"Race - Are We So Different?\"She's also vice-provost for diversity and conflict resolution at the University of California at Riverside."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Yolanda Moses has expertise in diversity and conflict resolution","questions":"What is Yolanda Moses' area of expertise?","answer":"Diversity"}
{"text":["Well, I brought it back from that evening on the island of Roatan, and he processed it. He had to crunch the data. There was also data that had to come from Houston that had been collected by them, and all those had to be combined to make this map. And he was working till the wee hours of the morning making these maps. And then the Internet connection was down so he went to bed. His name is Michael Sartori, by the way. He was a really fascinating guy.","But then he uploaded those images in the morning to Houston and the - one of the directors of NCALM, this organization, the National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping, a guy named Bill Carter, was the first one to look at the images and he was in West Virginia. He was about to go out and buy a refrigerator or something, and this email came in with these images attached.","He looked at them, and he said, oh, my God. He was thunderstruck. He almost immediately saw in this valley pyramids, structures, buildings, plazas, terracing, roads. He saw this incredible amount of archaeological features that he recognized immediately even though he's not an archaeologist.","So not just a lost city, a lost civilization?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Bill Carter recognized the archaeological features immediately despite not being an archaeologist","questions":"Which director was thunderstruck by the images sent by Michael Sartori?","answer":"Bill"}
{"text":["So what happened to the smell?Why doesn't the world smell like rotten eggs today?","Well, it's true that these bacteria are still active, and of course if you pass a blocked drain or something like that, you can see that smell, and it's exactly the same activity going on. Bacteria are eating other things, eating algae, eating other bacteria. And the reason you don't smell it is because the creatures that were living at the surface, the fossils that we first saw, were producing oxygen by photosynthesis.","And that oxygen has now built up to such a level that it destroys the hydrogen sulfide. So it doesn't normally get up into the atmosphere. You don't notice it very much. So that's probably the reason, really - there's too much oxygen, or it's being consumed by other kinds of bacteria a little bit further up the food chain.","Do we humans have similar bacteria living in our guts?We talk a lot about the human biome a lot on this program."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : smell like rotten eggs is about bacteria smell","questions":"How is the smell of rotten eggs related to bacteria? (Answer: bacteria)","answer":"Oxygen"}
{"text":["We're hoping that this research kind of paves the way to looking at novel high-speed adhesives. So how do you grab things - difficult things - very, very quickly?And so, like, if you were to grab something that's dusty, like a brick, or furry, duct tape's not going to be able to stick to either of those things. You know, you're going to have to use something like claws or grabbing mechanisms. But we think that with this new type of thick, viscous fluid coating a very soft substrate, that it will be able to grab oddly textured things very quickly. So in my mind, I'm dreaming of a - like, a frog tongue attached to a drone, and the drone can fly around and pick up packages really quickly and fly away.","Do you mind me asking - after a day in the lab - I'm just guessing- do you just want to go home and fast?I mean, it must be difficult to eat anything.","(Laughter) There are times that - especially in the beginning - where I had the smell of frog in my nose for at least an hour, and I couldn't eat anything. But by the end of the study, I'd been - you know, I was eating frog legs every week - part of the study.","Oh, no. Seriously?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) implies that A has a very tiring day in the lab and wants to finish the work quickly and go home.","questions":"How did PersonA feel about the smell of frog in the lab?","answer":"Nose"}
{"text":["Absolutely. Let's say, for starters, that it doesn't affect us anywhere near as much as it affects, for example, the United Kingdom, which may not be united much longer - might very well break up over this. And it affects the European Union, which is going to have other countries - some of the larger countries in Western Europe - considering their own exit from the EU, including France. So these are upheavals, tremendous tumult and turmoil, for those countries.","In the United States, the effects would be somewhat more indirect. But that does not mean that they will be minor. Consider that yesterday the Dow Jones Average lost 600 points. All the major stock indexes were down three or four points. That's just the beginning of what is expected to be an indirect, but nonetheless quite palpable, economic effect on the United States. These are some of our biggest trading partners. And as they go through a period of distress, it's going to blow back on us in a number of ways.","What are some of the political implications?","Well, you know, Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton both responded to this pretty quickly. And it showed us a lot about the stark contrast between those two individuals. Hillary Clinton issued what might have been a calm, careful, diplomatic communique respecting the decision but talking about how it might affect American working families."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"it's going to blow back on us in a number of ways\" - The implied meaning here is that the economic effects of the decision being discussed will have negative consequences for the United States in multiple ways. The literal meaning is simply that there will be consequences.","questions":"Which country may not be united much longer due to the decision being discussed?","answer":"United-Kingdom"}
{"text":["There's that feeling - I mean, so many of us have parents in the industry. I mean, that's what this region is about, especially around Detroit, and Wayne State's in Detroit, the heart of Detroit. So, it's nerve-racking. Everyone is nervous. Everyone doesn't know what's going to happen next. We're all watching the news very closely. But at the same time, it's interesting, because with my generation, we almost seem to, kind of, not be as directly impacted. I mean, our family is, it puts stress on us, but the day to day of the university and the day to day at school doesn't seem to have changed that much.","I understand you have friends there who are engineering majors. Do they have any sense of what their future looks like, and will be it there in Michigan?","Everybody is secure in their choices and secure in their decision. Everybody thinks that the industry will come around, especially now with the news that GM is getting money from the government. And everybody is more hopeful, and I mean, the auto industry has always been one of the largest industries and a staple in America, and to think that that industry is just going to vanish, nobody is willing to concede that.","Alex Marinica is a junior studying at Wayne State University in Detroit. Thanks so much, Alex."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker believes that the auto industry will not vanish despite the current situation","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion on the future of the auto industry?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["I did not detect that in Putin's three-hour press conference. I did not see him saying we need to open up a second front in our confrontation with the West. I actually saw hints of him looking for a deal, hints of him wanting to be more conciliatory vis-a-vis the West. And so I didn't detect that, you know, we're in the corner and we're going to lash out. It was more conciliatory for Putin. I want to emphasize that.","Yeah. At some level, is this what American policy wanted?","At the beginning of the Obama administration - when I joined the government - this is exactly what we didn't want. We wanted a cooperative relation with the Russians that would be good for the United States, good for Russia.","So do Russians of means put all their money into London townhouses now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The turn that has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning is (4): \"So do Russians of means put all their money into London townhouses now?\" This question is likely not asking for a direct answer about the financial habits of wealthy Russians, but rather implies a criticism of the practice of using London real estate as a means of hiding or laundering money. The speaker may be implying that this practice is unethical or unfair.","questions":"Which question implies a criticism of using London real estate as a means of hiding or laundering money?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["It occurred on August 1st, in the late hours of the morning. One Serbian fell, and another (unintelligible) porter fell as well trying to rescue him, and that was the beginning of the fatalities. However, the serac fall, which stranded most of the climbers, didn't occur until quite late in the evening on August 1st.","A serac is a big column of ice, a big sheet of ice. And it fell off the mountain, and that complicated things for a lot of people. What were conditions like?","The weather was completely calm, very cold and clear, which is normal. No wind and as the day began to - as the sun began to rise, the weather was actually better than we could have hoped for. But, of course, things changed. The wind began to pick up the next day as people were stranded, and that complicated the rescue effort.","You were attempting to summit on that day, weren't you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"and that complicated the rescue effort.\" - The implied meaning here is that the wind made the rescue effort more difficult, rather than just causing complications.","questions":"How did the wind affect the rescue effort?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["I have to ask, Margaret - because you are also on the board of the White House Correspondents' Association - a moment this week when Sarah Sanders, the press secretary, declined to answer a follow-up question from NBC's Hallie Jackson, called on Jordan Fabian, a reporter from The Hill. He said, go ahead, Hallie. Has it reached a point where White House reporters should stand together and refuse to go along with the way the White House conducts briefings?","I have long encouraged both on the board - I just finished my term this week - and just individually as a reporter have long encouraged reporters to take care of each other in the briefing room. I think we did this at times during the Obama administration when there were reporters whose desire for questions was getting skipped over. And it's an option we have now. We can all be good neighbors to each other, and we can all help each other to be allies in our shared mission, which is to help provide information to the American public on burning questions of the day.","Margaret Talev, who covers the White House for Bloomberg, thanks very much. I hope you get some time to rest up this weekend.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : White House conducts briefings in an inappropriate way.","questions":"What did Jordan Fabian do when Sarah Sanders declined to answer a follow-up question from NBC's Hallie Jackson?","answer":"Went"}
{"text":["Senator Clinton is showing signs of being very interested in having the second slot on the ticket, whether or not ultimately she really wants to be vice president. I think she wants to have the salute that goes with having that job offered. Even if she chooses not to take it, and perhaps there would be good reasons for her to go either way, she would like to have the salute to her efforts and her constituencies that's implied by the offer.","Does that salute include money?","Well, she does have a campaign debt. I don't think that it's a crippling debt, and the Clintons have their own ability to either cover that debt or to raise money on their own. But they do need to get that money raised by the end of the summer. Otherwise, it's not going to be retireable under the current fundraising rules. So she needs to get it done soon, and she could use some help with that. Barack Obama could provide that support with his online fundraising base of a million and a half contributors.","All right, Ron. Thanks again."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This implies that Senator Clinton does not really want to become the Vice President, she just wanted to be honored for trying.","questions":"Which position does Senator Clinton seem interested in based on turn 0?","answer":"vice"}
{"text":["Let's turn now to our regular sports commentator, an all-around know-everything-there-is-to know-in-the-world-of-sports expert, New York Times columnist Bill Rhoden. Hey, Bill.","Hey, great Tony Cox. How are you doing?","I'm doing great, man. Listen, we saw a lot of great retired players in Washington on Tuesday, NBA players like Magic Johnson, Kevin Johnson; football stars like Jim Brown, that we just heard; Mohammad Ali, they were all there. What do you make of their commitment to being a part of all of this?And is it just because of Obama that younger athletes are willing to step up front again and take political positions?","You know, I thought it was great to see those guys and it was a great interview you just did with Jim Brown."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : all-around-know-everything-there-is-to-know-in-the-world-of-sports is sarcasm and it means this person thats being talked about knows a ton on sports and is an expert.","questions":"Which commentator is referred to with sarcasm in turn 0?","answer":"Bill"}
{"text":["Yes, particularly when we were starting out science at the beginning of - I think what you would call middle school, about age 12. This, of course, was the mid-1950s. And in Britain at that time, girls were only expected to get married and keep house. So instead of getting a chance to go the science laboratory, we got directed to the domestic science room to learn cookery and needlework.","And how did you fight your way into the science classes?","My protestations weren't heard. But when I told my parents that first evening, they were extremely angry. And I think the headmaster's telephone got a little hot.","(Laughter) And then you went to university. And I also read that, you know, you would get cat-called and that it was not a very friendly environment for women."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Cat called means to have mean loudly say sexual things to you in front of others.","questions":"What does cat-called mean?","answer":"Harassed"}
{"text":["Yeah. And we owe a debt of gratitude, also, to Roger Hangarter of Indiana University, who gave us some other time-lapse of other plant motions. Because I started looking into this, and, you know, even the tulips in your vase are moving around if you speed up time. Their leaves are flopping. He told me this amazing story about sunflowers that I never knew. The reason that they are called that is that they actually orient towards the sun throughout the day. Their leaves do. So they start facing east and then end up facing west.","They have the ultimate solar panels.","That's totally right.","They figured out how to actually how to move with the sun. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Sunflowers figured out how to follow the sun's movement.","questions":"What did sunflowers learn to do?","answer":"Move"}
{"text":["I assume, Sean, you're not going to have anyone there kind of pulling in the CNN-type touchscreen - pulling up results from various provinces. When might we get a really solid indication of who the next president of Afghanistan will be?","You're right. It is going to take some time here. We should start to get some basic, preliminary results in the coming days. But the actual count won't be completed until April 20. But once that's released, there's going to be several weeks of challenges, and a period where another body evaluates fraud and complaints and challenges from candidates. And May 14th is when the final, certified results of today's vote will actually be released. And most analysts are convinced that there's no chance any of the candidates will get more than 50 percent of the vote today, which means the top two candidates will go to a runoff, probably to be held sometime in June; meaning, we're looking at sometime late summer, early fall, actually, before we know who the next president of Afghanistan's going to be.","NPR's Sean Carberry in Kabul. Thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Thanks so much\" is not meant literally but figuratively as an expression of gratitude.","questions":"Which expression is used figuratively in turn 3?","answer":"Figuratively"}
{"text":["Sure.","But any - is there any other practical dimension to your support right now?","We have an open-door policy. Anybody can come anytime of the day or night that they need help. We have done know your rights training. We disseminate that information with a lot of frequency. So we make sure that people get in their hands the steps they need to take if they should have an encounter with ICE.","Do they have any rights?This is one thing that I'm unclear about because I think - do people have any rights?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Open door policy is how the characther describled, not the literal meaning of the door always being open","questions":"How is the open-door policy described?","answer":"Described"}
{"text":["It's so weird because we're in the day in time where you had you wonder, this time you wonder, OK did they did not offer her enough money, because everybody does it. You they're going to figure now for Angelina Jolie and her twins and like, you know, 15 million dollars per picture. So, you're just wonder, you know like why hasn't Halle done it, have they offered her?And I saw her, I guess it was African-Americans, I'm not sure that they get the kind of money or the offers that white celebrities do. And I don't know if that has played a factor in it or is she just a celebrity that decided, you know, I'm not going to put my child out.","This is my kid. I'm not going to sell her to the highest bidder. I'm hoping is that one, but I think that, you know, that is how you get publicity now. You know, not that she needs it, but it does sort of fuel the fire for people being interested in you and you being, you know, sort of the talk of the town so people actually want to go see your next film. So, I don't know it's sort of weird that we haven't seen the baby and I look at it, you know, Tori Spelling. I mean, at this point they had the baby one day and then they cover the next day.","Oh my gosh.","It's amazing the way it works."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A suspects that Halle Berry hasn't been offered enough money for selling her baby's pictures","questions":"How much does PersonA speculate Halle Berry has been offered for selling her baby's pictures?","answer":"$15,000,000."}
{"text":["It's like a bird treadmill. I mean, it's the same idea, right?","Right.","And the point of this study, which Ivo Ros is doing, was to figure out how much energy it takes to fly. So they have a little heart monitor hooked up to the cockatiels. But again, like imagine what this is like for the cockatiels. So there's all this training involved because for a bird to be flapping their wings and not going anywhere is really weird. So they have to, you know, encourage them not to sit on the bars. And it just was. . .","There's no scenery changing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"But again, like imagine what this is like for the cockatiels.\" - The speaker is not asking the listener to imagine the experience of being a cockatiel, but rather to empathize with the potential discomfort and stress that the birds may experience during the experiment.","questions":"How does the speaker want the PersonB to empathize with the birds?","answer":"understanding"}
{"text":["Absolutely, and we just can't have that. . .","I will just tell you that now. . .","That'd be a security issue. Boy, talking about being slam-dunked after he dunked on the president.","Please don't do that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Slam-dunked and dunked are basketball terms that aren't literal. Here, they mean making an effective attack on someone in the political arena.","questions":"What do slam-dunked and dunked mean in turn 2?","answer":"effective-attack"}
{"text":["See how he do his mom?","Ms.  O'BRIEN: Ira struggles to provide for her large family, working two jobs: as a real estate agent and a licensed massage therapist.","I can't stop. I push myself more now than I ever have. There's times that, especially the summertime, I didn't come home until like 8 o'clock at night sometimes.","So what did you learn from talking to her?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : See how he treats his mom poorly or disrespectfully","questions":"What is the tone of turn 0?","answer":"negative"}
{"text":["Well, I think every writer hopes to bring information to a reader or a viewer. Every artist wants to reach another person through the heart. Something that a novel can do is bring you information in a different way from journalism or all other forms of acquiring information. It brings you inside the mind of another person. So it creates empathy for the theoretical stranger, and that's - it's a fresh avenue, really, for bringing science to a reader, to get to the head via the heart.","Do you have science - we have 30 seconds left. But will we see science in your next book?","Absolutely.","Well, I look forward to it. Thank you for joining us today."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : You do not actually enter the person's heart or mind, it means that you start to understand their perspective ","questions":"How does a novel create empathy?","answer":"Understanding"}
{"text":["ou're also seeing some extreme moves by companies like Advantage Consultants who basically say, hey, we can supply you, Mr.  and Ms. Candidate, with an army-full of bloggers ready to get your campaign out on the blogosphere 24\/7. It's just - it's like the wild, wild West right now on the Internet.","Is that - I mean, of course, all fair - all is fair in love, war and politics. But is that cheating in a way, you know, blogs were created initially as if, like, I'm just going to express what's in my heart. And now, it sounds as if what you're saying is that there is a lot of people who are saying, I'm going to create the appearance that people are speaking from their heart.","Yeah, and, you know - and this is - gets into astroturfing and a whole bunch of other terminology behind what's the real message of these types of Web sites. You're right. The organic nature of a blog was to be something that was transparent, that wasn't agenda-driven. And obviously, when you start looking at politics and campaigns, it's agenda-driven. So now, they're looking at these tools being PR machines, more than this transparent, here-is-a-look-into-my-life type of outlet that it used to be.","Speaking of transparency, there is some information that campaigns don't always give out, like where their money is coming from. And tell me about OpenSecrets."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"wild, wild West\" is a figurative expression that means a situation where there is a lack of control or regulation.","questions":"What is the figurative expression used by PersonA to describe the current situation on the internet?","answer":"Unregulated"}
{"text":["When I listen to you talk, I feel like the worst possible - the most hurtful insult someone could ever fling at you is, you're not authentic.","And she falls to the ground, and she curls into a ball. And. . .","What is it about authenticity that if it were lacking, it's mortally wounding for you?","Yeah. I mean, if you're telling someone they're not authentic, then what are you saying?I guess you could say the opposite of authenticity is - I don't want to just say fake because there's another word."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being called 'not authentic' is a severe insult","questions":"Which insult is considered severe?","answer":"Insult"}
{"text":["I believe she lacks political will to get the job done, which is one of the reasons that the nurses are supporting Bernie Sanders. If our health isn't achievable, then what's she doing running for president?You don't give up on health. You can give up on a lot of things. And there's compromises to be made. But when it comes to the health of my children, of our families, of our communities, you don't give up on people.","You know, of course, that the math is against Senator Sanders becoming the Democratic candidate.","I - you know, I look at the things far beyond math. I look at the mass momentum, just like in sports. I mean, Bernie - you know, we look at sports teams. . .","Hillary Clinton has won, at the moment, I believe, something like 3 million votes more than Senator Sanders."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of turn 3 is that Bernie Sanders has gained popular support and this popular support should be taken into account rather than just looking at the math.","questions":"Which turn suggests that Bernie Sanders has gained popular support that should be considered beyond mathematical figures?","answer":"turn3"}
{"text":["There's a number of them that the federal prosecutors mentioned, things like excessive purchases with cash in some pharmacies, purchases from well out of the region of the pharmacies. And these are opioid purchases we're talking about - excessively high percentages of sales of fentanyl patches and opioid oxycodone painkillers from some pharmacies and some of the larger pharmacies that RDC dealt with. So those are some of the things that the feds highlighted.","Two RDC executives face charges. What are they accused of?","Basically sort of being players in this whole, you know, alleged kind of ignorance or willing ignorance, I should say, of RDC's role in the opioid epidemic, the things we talked about - you know, just sort of closing your eyes to pharmacies that were obviously pushing painkilling prescription meds onto the streets in big numbers. And the allegations are that the former CEO, Larry Doud, and former compliance officer were key in allowing this to happen internally and just ignored all the signs. One has pleaded guilty and is cooperating. And Doud is facing the criminal charges.","You've talked a lot about the pharmacies here. And so I'm wondering, what about them?And what about the doctors making the orders?Are they being held accountable?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"players in this whole, you know, alleged kind of ignorance or willing ignorance\" - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning because \"players\" does not necessarily mean someone who is literally playing a game, but rather refers to individuals involved in a situation or event. \"Willing ignorance\" is also a figurative expression that means someone deliberately ignores or avoids knowing about something.","questions":"What is the figurative expression used to describe the individuals involved in the situation?","answer":"Ignorance"}
{"text":["From NPR News, this is Day to Day. The ethics problem at the Interior Department continues to unfold, specifically in the little-known but powerful Minerals Management Service. The Interior Department's watchdog reports that employees in that division accepted gifts, they steered government contracts to friends, and they had sexual relations with oil and gas-company representatives. Joining us now is John Dimsdale from Marketplace, and John, first, what is the Minerals Management Service?I hadn't heard of it until yesterday.","Well, it's responsible for collecting royalty revenues from companies that extract oil and other minerals from federal property. And last year, they collected 11 billion dollars from the oil and gas industry. So, it's a big source of revenue. In fact, sometimes Minerals Management is the second largest source of income for the federal government, second only to the IRS. And remember, this scandal comes just as Congress is debating whether to allow more oil drilling, especially on the Outer Continental Shelf under the ocean.","That's right. So, let's go into the details of this scandal. What did the Interior Department's inspector general find?","Well, this report makes it sound like a very dysfunctional place. It alleges cocaine and marijuana use, and even promiscuous sex between government employees and the industry that they oversee. The inspector general says the relationship between the industry and the revenue collectors is supposed to be at arm's length, but most of the oil-company people that investigators talked to said they bought meals or drinks, entertainment, for government employees."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"most of the oil-company people that investigators talked to said they bought meals or drinks, entertainment, for government employees\" - literal meaning: the oil-company people physically purchased things for the government employees, figurative meaning: the purchases were made to gain favor or influence with the government employees.","questions":"How did the oil-company people influence the government employees?","answer":"Influence"}
{"text":["The cease-fire that was supposed to halt fighting between Russian separatists and the Ukrainian government has not taken hold. Really, it never seems to have started. Shelling and dying has continued this week with both sides insisting the other had violated the cease-fire agreement. Separatist rebels have taken control of the city of Debaltseve, which serves as a key rail hub in Ukraine. Ivo Daalder is the president of the Chicago Council on Global Affairs and the former NATO ambassador. He joins us now. Thanks very much for being with us, Mr. Ambassador.","Oh, it's great to be here.","Do you think a cease-fire is even practical?","Well, I think the only way you're going to get a cease-fire is if one side stops shooting because clearly the Russians and the Russian-backed separatists are bent on continuing to fight. They were never interested in the cease-fire in the first place. We saw that in the Minsk negotiations more than a week ago when they refused to have an immediate cease-fire. They wanted to have a delay. So they could take this city of Debaltseve, but we now also see continued fighting in the south near Mariupol and in other parts of the region."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"Well, I think the only way you're going to get a cease-fire is if one side stops shooting because clearly the Russians and the Russian-backed separatists are bent on continuing to fight.\" - This turn uses the idiom \"bent on\" to mean \"determined to\" or \"committed to,\" rather than a literal meaning of being physically bent over something.","questions":"What does the idiom \"bent on\" mean in turn 3 of the dialogue?","answer":"determined"}
{"text":["And the spider is still paralyzed.","That's right. So interestingly enough, if the egg doesn't hatch, the tarantula can actually recover and go on its way. But more often that larvae will hatch and eat its way into the living but still paralyzed tarantula, and it'll feed on that tarantula for several weeks. And at least some species will selectively feed on non-vital organs first to keep the tarantula alive longer.","What would happen to me if I stepped on this wasp?","The tarantula hawk is a bit infamous in that it has one of the more painful stings known to man. There are actually a number of sting pain indices and in all of these indices the tarantula hawk ranks right up top in that the pain associated with this sting has been described as traumatic, debilitating, instantly excruciating, so it's bad. You don't want to step on these guys."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indicating that they do not wish to continue arguing or debating a particular topic or issue, but would rather end the conversation and move on. The tone and context of the situation may affect the implied meaning, as the speaker could also be indicating a desire to maintain a respectful or friendly relationship with the listener, or they may be suggesting that the topic is not worth further discussion or disagreement. Additionally, the speaker may or may not be open to revisiting the topic at a later time or in a different context.","questions":"Which topic does the statement refer to?","answer":"Argument"}
{"text":["So the motive question remains fuzzy at this point. We might learn more about that later. In terms of what weapons he used, it was a . 45 caliber handgun. And he had with him several extended ammunition magazines and this device called a sound suppressor. And, you know, he entered the building using his city-issued ID, just using his swipe badge. And officials said, you know, he had done that very act, you know, every single workday for the previous 15 years. He was a longtime employee of the city.","And what will be going on this weekend, Bobby?","So there's going to be a number of memorials families of the victims will be planning here in Virginia Beach. And, you know, I have to say that city officials are talking about really bolstering services for the families who are grieving, who are going to be dealing with the turmoil that is now part of their life for quite some time. And, you know, the city manager told reporters earlier that in just, you know, less than 24 hours since the shooting happened, people have been pouring support into the families in terms of money, in terms of food, in terms of even bringing support dogs that might take their mind off the tragedy for a little bit. So already, he was saying, that the community is rising up in the wake of this terrible tragedy.","NPR's Bobby Allyn in Virginia Beach, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is unclear exactly what the motive for the actions was.","questions":"What was the weapon used in the incident?","answer":"Handgun"}
{"text":["(Rapping) Now I don't care what they say about me Because rules were meant to be broken. That's why the world can't forget about me Because rules were meant to be broken.","The lyrics on his new album say don't change, but rapper Lyrics Born has kept his game on the move. He's done mix tape-style compilations and released his own albums and singles. Now the Bay Area stalwart's got a new album called \"Everywhere At Once\" and it brings elements of funk and R&B into the mix. Lyrics Born, thanks for coming on.","Thank you very much.","So I understand you really launched into music when you were at the University of California, Davis. So when was that and who were you and what was it like?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Breaking rules is necessary to be remembered and successful.","questions":"What is the reason for the world not being able to forget about the rapper?","answer":"Breaking"}
{"text":["Do you report them?","Yeah. I mean, I can call up, you know, different agencies if I have enough information. And in this instance, I did. I do know that, you know, a couple days later, I saw the same person was booked into the jail for domestic violence. You know, for me, that helps me to sleep at night because just maybe that firearm that I would've sold that person - what would it have done if it would've been used in that crime?","Were there other instances where maybe something bought from your store, you know, was used to commit a crime, or is this the first time that you've had to deal with something like this?","You know, it comes around. This is the first time where it's been national, and we've had all kinds of coverage of it. But it is not an uncommon thing to have the FBI or the ATF call up and say, we need to know this person's information or what happened with this situation. That happens probably every couple months."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker has had multiple interactions with law enforcement agencies inquiring about the activities of their customers.","questions":"Which agencies has the speaker had interactions with?","answer":"FBI\/ATF"}
{"text":["Well, in its basic form, it's an envelope that's been postmarked on a specific day - usually to commemorate an event - and then was signed by the crew. But why is it called an insurance cover is because it sort of served as a form of insurance. The Apollo 11 crew was the first to fly to the moon, and they didn't know if they were going to make it back. They had a meager personal insurance policy to protect their families, but to augment that they autographed these envelopes in the case that they couldn't return from the moon then their families could sell these, what would be, rare collectibles to augment whatever money they received from insurance.","And, of course, it's for a good cause in this case. It's not just that somebody needed the money.","Indeed, Rick Armstrong, one of Neil's sons, donated this to the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation so it's come somewhat full circle. The original purpose of this cover was to provide for the family and now the family is providing for the next astronauts.","And there is something that went to space, which is going to be auctioned off next week, isn't that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"but to augment that they autographed these envelopes\" - The crew did not actually sign the envelopes to increase the value of their insurance policy, but rather as a way to provide their families with a means of financial support in case they did not return from the moon.","questions":"Which event did the autographed envelopes commemorate?","answer":"Moon"}
{"text":["Yeah. They considered all kinds of things. And - but they were stuck on coming up with a design that was really a wow design. So John Graham hired as a consultant a professor from the University of Washington named Victor Steinbrueck. He's known locally in Seattle as architect-activist who saved the Pike Place Market. But he was a designer, and he worked on the Space Needle design.","He got stuck. And one day, he was sitting in his home office and he saw - he had a beautiful abstract sculpture by a California artist named David Lemon, and it was feminine figure in complete abstract, reaching up to the sky with this narrow waist and then this tripod legs. And it was called \"The Feminine One. \"And he went, aha, OK, there is a unique shape for a tower.","Wow. If you have a question you want to ask Knute, get up there on our microphones and you can ask it. Where there any engineering innovations that were required to get this to be built?Anything about the revolving restaurant, anything like that?","Well, it was interesting because at that time, there were no revolving restaurants."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He was having a hard time thinking of an idea and then saw something.","questions":"What artwork inspired the unique shape for the tower?","answer":"DavidLemon's"}
{"text":[". . . Seas and littoral regions.","So the bottom line here is Iran has now shot a U. S.  plane out of the sky. I'll put to you the same question we just put to Mara Liasson.","Sure.","Any sense of what the U. S.  response will be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Iran shot down a U.S. plane and now the U.S. will respond.","questions":"Which country was involved in the incident?","answer":"Iran"}
{"text":["Now let's turn to West Africa. For more than a decade, Liberia has been struggling to recover from civil war. It has a female head of state now, and it also has big supporters in the U. S.  One of them is Bob Johnson, who founded and later sold Black Entertainment Television. Now he's building a four-star beachfront resort near Liberia's capital, Monrovia. Bob Johnson recently told me why he decided to invest millions of dollars in Liberia's economy.","It's part of a commitment I made to President Johnson Sirleaf and the people of Liberia, to help Liberia recover from some 13, 14 years of civil war. And it came about as a result of my participation, as well as President Sirleaf's participation in President Clinton's global initiative that he hosts every year in New York. And the charter is, do something, small or large, but do something. And so my something is to help Liberia.","What are we talking about in terms of the kind of money it takes to make this happen?","We are putting in approximately 12 to 13 million dollars in the construction of this hotel and the opening of the hotel, which is scheduled for March of '09. It'll be an 86-room hotel, as I said, situated on the beach, great facility for everybody from government officials and expats who want to go back and visit Liberia, as well as business people who are looking to do business in post-conflict Liberia.","So, do you expect to get a tourist crowd eventually?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Bob Johnson invested in Liberia to help the country recover from civil war.","questions":"How did Bob Johnson contribute to Liberia's recovery?","answer":"Investment"}
{"text":["Does this book take the position that President Trump is simply wrong about Russia?","No. No, it does not say that. And I would underline that this book is not an anti-Trump book or a pro-anyone book. It's not anti- or pro-anyone. Maybe it's hard to believe in today's Washington, but we actually have no agenda (laughter).","John McLaughlin is a former acting CIA director. Thank you very much for joining us today.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at an underlying issue or concern that they are not comfortable discussing directly.","questions":"How did the speaker address the issue they were uncomfortable discussing directly?","answer":"Hinting"}
{"text":["The billionaire financier Jeffrey Epstein has been taken into federal custody related to sex trafficking. According to The Daily Beast, who first reported this story, Epstein was arrested yesterday and will appear in court tomorrow to be charged in connection with sex trafficking minors. This comes more than a decade after accusations first surfaced that Epstein had paid dozens of young girls for sex. But he avoided federal criminal charges and significant prison time in a plea deal that continues to draw criticism for its lenient terms. For more on this, we called Pervaiz Shallwani, one of the Daily Beast reporters who broke this story. And he's with us now.","Thank you so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me.","And I'm just going to start by saying that the details may be disturbing to some listeners because this does involve accusations about the treatment of young girls. So, having said that, Pervaiz, as briefly as you can, what are the allegations that first surfaced against Epstein in 2007 and 2008?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is highlighting the severity of the allegations against Jeffrey Epstein and warning the listeners that the details may be upsetting.","questions":"Which word describes the warning given by the speaker about the details of the allegations against Jeffrey Epstein?","answer":"Upsetting"}
{"text":["The regulations and the oversight that was put in place was relatively minimal because this was going to be such a small endeavor. It was going to be a small-scale experiment for 100 schools. Well, guess what?We have 1,300 charter schools today. And we have a law that doesn't actually account for the scale of that.","That's LA Times reporter Anna Phillips. She's been investigating loopholes in California's charter school system. What she discovered is a fragmented and decentralized regulating system. In Los Angeles, Phillips encountered a case in which a wealthy Beverly Hills couple made millions of dollars by simply turning to a different school district whenever their charter schools came under scrutiny.","These charter schools had been set up as nonprofits that were publicly funded. But if you looked right kind of on the outskirts of them, the couple that had started them had essentially created a series of businesses or nonprofits that were doing business with their own schools. So for instance, this couple rented a lot of their own properties they owned. They were their own landlords.","They owned buildings that then they rented to the schools, so they were getting that income.","Exactly. And there were other ways they were getting income. The woman who ran these schools, her husband was hired on as a project manager for about $500,000 to oversee the construction of a new campus. When they wanted to bring in cafeteria meals for their students, they hired one of their own organizations. So this was public money that was coming into these schools, but the couple that ran them was financially benefiting from it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"loopholes in California's charter school system\" - The literal meaning of \"loopholes\" is gaps or flaws in a system or law that can be exploited. However, the implied meaning is that the charter school system in California has structural weaknesses that allow for abuses and inconsistencies in regulation.","questions":"How would you describe the regulating system of California's charter schools? (Answer: fragmented)","answer":"fragmented"}
{"text":["What does it mean to have a populist party and right-wing party win the parliamentary majority?","Oh, it's a very simple answer to a difficult question. We don't know. It's an experiment, not only for Italy, for the whole of Europe. I mean, for Italy today, June the Second is like the 14th of July in the United States. It's our birthday. The Italian Republic was born 72 years ago in 1946, and we never had anything like that. You know, the 5-Star are closer with sort of South American populist movement.","Yeah.","You know, you have good and bad over there. And the Northern League is a right-wing party. What will they do together?I don't know. I wish them luck."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The outcome of the parliamentary election is uncertain, and it is difficult to predict what will happen next","questions":"Which party won the parliamentary majority?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["I know I'm going to get emails, perhaps you too, from people who say, look, I am an agnostic or an atheist really specifically because I thought organized religion had a hand in racializing in our society and a history with slavery and has not had a good effect on U. S.  history.","Sure. I'm not in any way suggesting in this article that I'm telling people that they need to go to religious services. I do think we know that civic connection more broadly tends to help people weather difficulties in their lives. There are many other ways other than doing it through religious institutions.","It just happens that the church has been probably the most central form of civic engagement that Americans have had. And so when Americans disengage from church, for many of them that essentially becomes de facto disengaging from any civic institution. It's not like they're replacing church with some other form of civic institution that might fill some of that same function.","Peter Beinart of The Atlantic. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Stating that when Americans disengage from church, they are not replacing it with another form of civic institution implies that there is no other source of civic engagement that could provide the same benefits that church once did.","questions":"How does disengagement from church affect civic engagement in America?","answer":"Civic"}
{"text":["I'm great. So, you were hearing about Dr.  Maxwell and her approach to sex and sexuality in the discussion between parents and kids. How do you think that conversation changes when you're talking about teen to teen?","Well, I think it's much better teen to teen because most of the teenagers, they kind of don't listen to their parents or adults. They think they don't know what they're talking about. And when you hear it from your friend or peer, they kind of take it more seriously. They're like, oh, I didn't know that. You know, and they believe it more.","Give me an example of a conversation - well, first of all, tell us what it means to do peer education. What kind of, you know, a space are you in?How many people are you talking to?Just give us a visual for that.","Well, a teen advocate is basically a teenager's resource. We help teens who have questions or concerns regarding sex, sexuality, dating relationships, dating violence and so on. And I kind of speak to roughly about three to four teenagers a day, and I'm constantly giving advice. We reach out to teens in our classrooms, community centers, MySpace, Facebook. We do everything from performing skits to community outreach to talking one-on-one with the teens. And because we care so much and our only concern is keeping teens healthy and safe, we advocate. Once a year we go up to Albany and lobby to legislators to pass the Healthy Teens Act,which is a piece of legislation that provides resources for schools to - that give comprehensive sex education."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Teenagers are more likely to take advice from peers than adults","questions":"What piece of legislation does the teen advocate lobby for in Albany once a year?","answer":"Healthy"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And that's one of the great things about being digital. The librarians' time can be dedicated to working with our students in a teaching role. So a large part of my job and my colleagues' jobs includes being in the classroom, working with the students, showing them how to organize their information digitally.","It was irresistible. I thought about a couple of my favorite books - Ben Hecht, \"A Child Of The Century\" and Edwin O'Connor's wonderful novel, \"The Last Hurrah. \"There are no e-editions, at least for the moment. So if a student at Florida Polytechnic wanted to read those books, what would he or she have to do?","The student could find that book through our integrated library system. And let's say it was available here at Florida State University. They could request that the book be sent from Florida State to Florida Polytechnic.","So I'm going to guess that you're familiar with libraries that have what we call stacks?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of turn (2) is that the speaker was tempted to find out if it was possible for the student to access the books they mentioned.","questions":"What was the book recommended by PersonB that is not available in e-editions?","answer":"The-Last-Hurrah"}
{"text":["It's too late by then.",". . . but I think nobody has tried it with the pickled kind.","OK.  We got a minute left. Tell us about the weekly newspaper column. You talked about a recent one about the laws of stupidity. Quickly, do tell that to us, quickly.","Yeah, yeah. Well, this is something done by an Italian economist about 30 or 40 years ago. His name is Cipolla, and he wrote the little piece to be funny, but it's also quite true. He called it \"The Basic Laws of Human Stupidity,\" and these laws boiled down to very few things. One is that there are more stupid people around than anybody will ever estimate accurately. And the other is that there's nothing you can do about them, other than become aware of it. They just are a fact and you better deal with the fact that they're not going to go away, and that there is no point to trying to accommodate them. There's no way you're going to prevent them continuing to be stupid."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a sarcastic or ironic tone to convey their true feelings or opinions about the situation, without explicitly stating them.","questions":"Which tone may the speaker be using in turn 3?","answer":"Sarcastic"}
{"text":["So him and two of his friends were watching Anwar al-Awlaki videos online. And they decided they were going to go join primarily the Taliban. And they traveled to Pakistan. When they got there, they met a number of different connectors and ended up with - actually, with al-Qaida. And al-Qaida realized the benefit of these three Americans that were there. And they sent them back to commit an attack here.","There seems to be real agreement between prosecutors and the judge that Zazi is a changed man. What happened?","Yeah, so when Zazi got picked up in the fall of 2009, he immediately started cooperating. And from then on, for the last 10 years or so, he's cooperated against a number of high-profile trials in the U. S.  - the third in command in al-Qaida, another American and a British operative. He cooperated with law enforcement over 100 times, did interviews there. They described his cooperation as extraordinary, some of the best they've seen in terrorism trials.","Do we know why?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Zazi did not change physically but changed his personality.","questions":"What kind of change did Zazi undergo?","answer":"Personality"}
{"text":["(Laughter) There might be. You know, they're a team that plays an entertaining brand of hockey. Their head coach, John Tortorella, is entertainment in and of himself, sometimes a blustery, yelling guy. So there is something scrappy about this team. And there's also something scrappy about this franchise. They've been around for a very long time, and this is the first time that they've even won three games in a playoff series.","Can they keep this going?","I think so. There's no reason that this team can't beat anybody if they can beat one of the single greatest hockey teams in the regular season that the NHL has ever seen in over a hundred years.","Greg Wyshynski is senior NHL writer for ESPN and co-host for the fantastically named Puck Soup podcast. Thank you for speaking with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Turn (1) has an example of a phrase whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. When the speaker says \"their head coach, John Tortorella, is entertainment in and of himself,\" they mean that John Tortorella is very entertaining to watch or listen to, rather than that he is a form of media or content.","questions":"Which phrase from turn 0 has a figurative meaning instead of a literal meaning?","answer":"Entertainment"}
{"text":["I do. I hope I give them - my songs give them a reason to wake up, you know, and think about what is going on in the world. And hopefully they resonate with the audience, the people who are hearing them. I've always hoped from the time we started singing the freedom songs that our songs - was singing them to make a difference. You know, make a better place. Help somebody instead of hurting somebody. You know, so much we could do to make it better.","Well, it's such a delight to speak with you again. I am so excited that I get the chance to talk with you about this new album. You know I'm going to put you on the spot and ask you if you have a favorite.","All of these songs, Michel. I love every one. But I do love \"Heavy On My Mind. \"","(Singing) We did everything we could to slow this world down. Now my love is in the ground."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : wake up implies for the persons to come back to their normal senses and not to dull or be fulled anymore ","questions":"Which song does PersonA sing a stanza from in turn 3?","answer":"Heavy"}
{"text":["You know, it can be a little dangerous at times. A lot of times you're setting your ladder in the ice and you're looking for a dry spot to put the ladder. And sometimes you use a van and you try to back the van up or at least get the tire up against the ladder so that you don't have any chance of that ladder skipping out on you. And, you know, in the elements, you get a little hasty sometimes 'cause you're in a hurry. And that's where, you know, you've still got to take your time. At its coldest is when you're at your busiest. I've been out 12, 13, 14-hour days before. You learn to dress for it.","How do you dress for a 14-hour day in let's say 25-degree temperatures?","Well, it can be tricky because there's times you're coming into a warm building, and you're way overdressed, and you begin to sweat. And if you start to sweat, it can be really bad when you go back out in the elements 'cause now you're really cold so you need to bring some dry socks. Usually, I'll wear some thermals. I'll wear multiple layers, and I'll take layers off, put layers back on.","What about this method for keeping your hands warm?(Blows on hands)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of (2) is asking for advice on what to wear in cold temperatures. The implied meaning is to show a genuine interest in understanding the best way to dress for such weather.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of turn 1?","answer":"Interest"}
{"text":["I asked Groff, who you will know from her own short story collection \"Florida\" and her novel \"Fates And Furies\" - I asked her how Nancy Hale went from someone with dozens and dozens of stories in The New Yorker to someone we forgot about.","You know, I don't know definitively. It's very hard to tell. I think part of it is that her stories are very quiet and very elegant, and she's possibly not fashionable at the moment - her style of writing. But I find her incredibly fascinating. She creates these lines that are full of a humming electricity. And her structures are so deep and so thoughtful that you don't really understand what you're reading until maybe a couple of days later when you realize exactly the craft that went into creating her short stories.","And they span the gamut. Some of them are highly lyrical. Other ones are satirical and very funny. So we did put together this collection of 25 short stories. They're all interesting in their own way. And you can sort of see the development of a writer over the course of decades.","Right. No, absolutely. You can feel - she's obviously, as you would expect, writing very different things than - in her later years than she was as a very young writer. How did you pick the stories that you landed on out of the many, many ones she wrote?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : She creates lines of written work in stories that sound good and have a great deal of emotion. Also, the way she writes her stories has a great deal of meaning.","questions":"Which element of Nancy Hale's writing style is highlighted by A?","answer":"Craft"}
{"text":["You know, there were a handful of people who did voice displeasure with some of the proposals mainly because of what they felt like was ambiguity in the language. But generally I think that there was a sense of relief a little bit within the room but also an acknowledgment that what they put forward today and what they're working on is by no means a final solution to this problem.","I mean, the leaders acknowledged that. They also briefly kind of acknowledged the fears and skepticism of this group of survivors and activists who have been calling for more drastic action for more than a decade now. So while there was relief and, I think, a little bit of a feeling of accomplishment, I think there are many people in the room who know that this issue is far from over, and they're going to have to do more.","And what about outside the convention center?I gather there have been demonstrations going on. Have you been able to get out and speak to anybody outside?","Yeah, so there's a group of survivors, activists, and they're really - they've been - they're kind of the core group of people who for decades now have been asking for reforms and really warning about this issue. And so while they kind of acknowledge that this is a good step in the direction, there really are some - they - you know, they view it as a systemic and institutional issue that isn't going to be fixed with a few pronouncements and resolutions and new committees."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Although leaders acknowledged activists' fears, more drastic actions are still needed to solve the issue.","questions":"What was the issue that the activists have been warning about for decades?","answer":"Institutional"}
{"text":["That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid. As a kid, he was - he hung around all the time with African-American kids. Those were his playmates, even in Hyannis. He was - he, you know, Father Feeney - when Father Feeney said no salvation outside the Catholic Church, he railed against that, which was so extraordinary in that very Catholic family.","You know, Ralph Bunche - he insisted that that great African-American statesman get to speak to a integrated audience at UVA when he was in charge of the lecture series down there. There's all kinds of evidence of Bobby in the beginning being a liberal in the best sense of that word. And I think it just came more to life after Jack was gone and after the old man was out of action.","Will American voters these days - and donors and journalists, for that matter - let a public figure change in public the way Robert Kennedy did?","Well, I think the hardest thing for him - and to me, the sweetest part of the book - was his evolution on Joe McCarthy. There's no doubt that he loved the guy. It came through right to the end when he was driving in the car at National Airport. And Kathleen, his young daughter, said he was so stricken by the news that McCarthy had just drank himself to death at Bethesda Naval Hospital that he drove around the airport three times. He was just distraught."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) There's no doubt that he loved the guy.It came through right to the end when he was driving in the car at National Airport.And Kathleen, his young daughter, said he was so stricken by the news that McCarthy had just drank himself to death at Bethesda Naval Hospital that he drove around the airport three times.He was just distraught.","questions":"How was Robert Kennedy feeling when he heard the news about McCarthy's death?","answer":"distraught"}
{"text":["Is this a book about how someone becomes a terrorist?","In part. I talk about this as a sort of - as a Genesis moment for the book. But I remember distinctly I was watching this interview with a foreign affairs expert. And it was in the wake of the - there had been these sort of protests in an Afghan village against the U. S.  military presence in Afghanistan.","And the interviewer's question was something along the lines of, why do they hate us so much?And as part of his answer, this expert noted that sometimes the U. S.  forces have to go conduct these nighttime raids in these villages. And when they do this, they'll sometimes have to hold the women and children up at gunpoint. And they'll tear the places apart. And then he added, you know, in Afghan culture, this sort of thing is considered very offensive.","And I thought, you know, name me one culture on earth that wouldn't consider this sort of thing offensive?And so part of the book is - has to do with this idea that we all suffer the same way, and we become damaged by suffering in the same way regardless of which part of the world we grew up in or what we believe."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning: The speaker mentions that they discuss this as a significant starting point or origin for the book. The implied meaning: The speaker suggests that this event plays a crucial role in shaping the themes or direction of the book.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the role of the event in shaping the book?","answer":"Shaping"}
{"text":["Correct. These are not embryonic stem cells. These are what we would call neural stem cells. In other words, these are stem cells that come from the nervous system.","And why - and, I guess, you give them a little - they have a little head start knowing they're going to be neurons from being injected.","Exactly. Well, they, you know, they have a head start in knowing at least that they're meant to be living in the nervous system, which means that there's a little bit of built-in safety and stability that may not quite exist in cells. They can become and kind cell to.","And how long are they effective for in the life of the mice they're injected into?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Neural stem cells have a better chance of becoming healthy cells.","questions":"How do neural stem cells compare to other stem cells in terms of health?","answer":"Better"}
{"text":["Thank you.","What did you see when you drove through that deep water?What did you do?","It was just devastation everywhere. I mean, it looked like a lake. It looks like a lake in the middle of the neighborhood. You can't even fathom it.","Do you remember some of the people you were able to help?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This is a polite way of saying thank you for the help provided.","questions":"Which turn did PersonA use to express their gratitude for the assistance given?","answer":"Turn-1"}
{"text":["After they rejected President Obama's opening offer, Republicans issued a proposal of their own yesterday, which was promptly dismissed by the White House. One group that's already worked out a series of compromises to come up with a comprehensive proposal is a nonpartisan group called Fix the Debt. It emerged from the Simpson-Bowles Commission. Its ideas include higher taxes on the wealthy and tax reform, plus changes to Social Security and Medicare.","Former Republican Senator Pete Domenici serves on the steering committee of Fix the Debt, co-chairs the Debt Reduction Task Force at the Bipartisan Policy Center, and he joins us now by phone from his office in Washington, D. C. , and it's good of you to be with us today.","Thank you very much, Neal. I do want to clarify now, I'm not - I'm associated with the Bipartisan Policy Center. We put out our budget for use by the team working for the White House and the Republicans. It's not the same as the one you just announced.","All right."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They are just acknowledging the person's answer","questions":"Which action did PersonB take towards PersonA's clarification in turn 2?","answer":"alright"}
{"text":["You don't see anything problematic with the underlying facts - the fact that, according to the unclassified transcript released by the White House, immediately after the Ukrainian president talks about buying more Javelin missiles, the president is asking Zelenskiy to do him a favor, though - his words - and then he turns the conversation to investigating former Vice President Joe Biden and his son. You have no problem with that.","Yeah, that is not an accurate description of the transcript. I've read the transcript. I've read the whistleblower account. And in neither one of those documents is there something that appears to be high crimes and misdemeanors, which is what the Founding Fathers created the impeachment process to account for to begin with. It should only be used in extraordinary circumstances to impeach a president for high crimes and misdemeanors. I have yet to hear an account by any Democrat on Capitol Hill of where the high crimes and misdemeanors are found in the whistleblower account or the transcript.","OK.  That would be an interpretation of those facts, though. Just let me be very clear. I'm just reading from the transcript. I have it in front of me, and my rendering of it is entirely accurate. What we're talking about here is what the interpretation should be of that and isn't that what the inquiry is for?","Well, I would love to hear you read the part of the transcript that would indict the president of high crimes and misdemeanors. I mean, it's not there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They read the account from the person that made public the illegal deads of the government.","questions":"How did PersonA describe the documents related to the impeachment inquiry?","answer":"extraordinary"}
{"text":["You've probably seen the signs in pharmacies now - flu shots here. You can buy shampoo, deodorant, nasal spray, M&M's and a flu shot. But if you're of a certain demographic, you might consider waiting a while before you get that shot. Here's some advice from Dr.  Laura Haynes, a professor of immunology at the University of Connecticut.","The best time for most people to get the flu vaccine would be in October. If you're a little bit older and over 65, I would say between Halloween and Thanksgiving.","Why should older people wait a month or more?Dr.  Haynes says. . .","Their immune response isn't as good to the vaccine. So the protection that's induced wanes more quickly. So therefore, you'd want to wait a little bit longer than you would if you were a younger adult. That way, you're protected throughout the majority of the really bad flu season, which happens from, say, January to April."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - Waiting a month or more is recommended for people over 65, not waiting until Halloween or Thanksgiving.","questions":"What is the recommended age for waiting a little bit longer to get the flu vaccine?","answer":"65"}
{"text":["And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?","You know, we saw reports. As we were doing live coverage, we saw reports of damage start to trickle in. But, really, right after an earthquake, it is, like, fog of war. No one knows what's going on. Emergency responders are just going out trying to survey the damage. We did hear reports of fires.","We got some calls into our - into KPCC of people telling us that they had fallen. One woman said that she thought maybe she broke her wrist. And there were a lot of people who were just afraid to go back into their houses, which is another big thing with big earthquakes - is that it disrupts people's lives not just for that one moment, but continuously, especially after aftershock after aftershock after aftershock keeps hitting.","All right. Well, we'll be getting updates throughout the morning. And thanks very much for joining us. KPCC's Jacob Margolis, science reporter and host of a podcast called \"The Big One: Your Survival Guide. \"Thank you, Jacob."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Repeating the word \"aftershock\" implies aftershocks were coming frequently and multiple times.","questions":"Which word did PersonA repeat to imply that aftershocks were coming frequently and multiple times?","answer":"Aftershock"}
{"text":["Could you cite a single example of bias?","Sure. Andrew Weissman, the No. 2 member of the Mueller probe, attended the Hillary Clinton election night party. You would think with all the talented prosecutors to be asked throughout the federal system, we could likely assemble a team without having to pick the people who were engaged in the 2016 election to the extent that they would be at one of the candidates' election night parties.","Well, I mean - A, I don't know that; B, so he attended a party - I mean, public officials, like reporters - for example, I think in many ways, like representatives in Congress, who are supposed to be capable of independent and unbiased judgment when it comes to doing their jobs.","But members of Congress don't end up prosecuting people. And, you know, when you're dealing with a prosecution and potentially, you know, here, with the president the United States being investigated, I would think that you would want to avoid even the appearance of bias. And here, the bias seems to be significant. It's also laid out in the text messages between Peter Strzok and Lisa Page."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning is that Andrew Weissman's involvement in the Mueller probe creates an appearance of bias, regardless of his actual objectivity.","questions":"Which member of the Mueller probe attended the Hillary Clinton election night party?","answer":"Weissman"}
{"text":["The way I coped with these disasters was seeing myself as the hero of my own story and thinking oh, okay, in the story, the guy survives. He doesn't kill himself. He doesn't commit himself to a mental hospital. He actually survives and thrives and overcomes these obstacles.","And in addition to that, you've also had kidney problems, and you talk really frankly about just how much strength it took you to do really basic things because you were constantly dealing with your body rebelling against you.","Yeah, I'm going through that right now. I'm on the top of the list for a transplant now, and I don't really want a transplant right now because I'm doing all right. So at this point, I'm kind of bring it on. I'm just, you know, I can take it.","What about the good stuff?There are many good things in your life, and two of them are Eva and Chet(ph), your kids. What are they like?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This turn is literal in meaning, as it is a straightforward question asking about the speaker's children.","questions":"How many children does the speaker have?","answer":"mentioned"}
{"text":["President GEORGE W.  BUSH: The question facing the president is not when the problem started, but what did you do about it when you recognized the problem?And I readily concede, I chunked aside some of my free market principles when I was told by chief economic advisers that the situation we were facing could be worse than the Great Depression.","That's George W.  Bush, speaking at his last press conference as the president earlier today. Joining us now to talk about that conference and the week ahead in politics is NPR senior Washington editor Ron Elving. Hi, Ron.","Hello, Alex. Good to be with you.","Good to be with you. And as we just heard, Mr.  Bush spoke of his legacy related to the current economic crisis. He also talked about terrorism, the war in Iraq and Hurricane Katrina. What's your take on the overall tone of today's press conference?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Bush admits he compromised his beliefs to address economic crisis","questions":"How did Bush respond to his economic advisers' warning about the situation they were facing?","answer":"shopping"}
{"text":["I know you have to get through this fight now, but once that's over with, what's the next chapter going to be for you?","Oh, it's going to be coal mining. I've had a coal miner in my family from 1700. It runs deep in my blood. And I'm 44. And hopefully I'll find a coal mine job that I can retire from. That's my goal.","You know, Harlan County, Ky. , is the site of a mine protest that happened in the 1970s that went on for more than a year. So this is not only a long history of coal mining, it's also a long history of protest. Do you feel like you're a part of that today?","In some ways. We done our protest peacefully, but in Harlan, Ky. , we stand up for what we believe is right. That's been embedded in us from childhood up. You know, coal miners is brotherhoods. And we got a whole lot hanging in the balance here that we won't back down."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is implying that their protests might elevate beyond peaceful methods if they don't get what they think they deserve.","questions":"Which method of protest might the speaker consider if they don't get what they think they deserve?","answer":"Violence"}
{"text":["What changed your mind because you did start college for a while?","Well, ever heard of the Three Cs?Civilian Conservation Corps, that was started by Franklin Delano Roosevelt, at that time the president of the United States. And he started that program to get young boys like me off the street and try to put them in places where they could learn a trade. And I joined that, and that's when I started to learn about gasoline engine, diesel engines and heavy equipment.","That probably served you pretty well when you went into the military. How did you get into the military and what did you do once you went in?","After I left the CCC camp, I went to the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth, Virginia. That's where I learned to run engine lathe and I made part for ships. And I wanted to volunteer for the Army, but I was drafted. And drafted and was sent to Camp Ellis, Illinois where I take my basic training and went to - overseas in a quartermaster service company in Germany, first France."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"What changed your mind because you did start college for a while?\" - The speaker is not asking about a physical change in the person's mind, but rather about the reasons or factors that led them to change their decision about attending college.","questions":"How did the Three Cs program benefit the speaker?","answer":"Trade"}
{"text":["You see, I'm psychic. I'm psychic today.","It's Joe.","I sense that it's Joe.","\"Hey, man, I love Penn and Teller for years. You guys are awesome. I love sleight-of-hand magic and was interested in starting to learn some. Would you have any recommendations where to start?\"I bet you get asked that question a lot."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker says \"I sense that it's Joe.\" The literal meaning is that the speaker believes they have psychic abilities and can sense the identity of a person without being told. However, the implied meaning could be that the speaker recognizes Joe's voice, appearance, or behavior and is using their intuition to make an educated guess about who it is. The implied meaning suggests that the speaker is not actually psychic, but is using their observational skills to make a prediction.","questions":"How did the speaker in turn 2 make their prediction?","answer":"Observational"}
{"text":["Well, because there are a number of reasons that a security clearance can be denied. Among them would be foreign contacts, foreign business interests, criminal activity, financial instability, drug and alcohol use. And some of these are very serious. If employees who had the history of these issues - and they weren't properly mitigated, they could be a risk to national security if they received security clearances.","You're saying hypothetically those could be reasons security clearances would be denied. Were they in these cases reasons that they were denied?","Some of them were applicable in different cases, yes.","Is overriding 25 security clearance denials a large number?I have no idea what's normal in this situation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"You're saying hypothetically those could be reasons security clearances would be denied.\" - The actual meaning is that A mentioned several reasons that could result in the denial of a security clearance and B is asking if those reasons were actually used to deny security clearances in specific cases.","questions":"Which word did PersonB use to ask if overriding 25 security clearance denials is a large number?","answer":"Normal"}
{"text":["He kept the Colombian restaurant's painting of a traditional Latin American market scene with a tiny cross perched on the archway. It dominates the whole hall.","So this is the story. In Islam, you can't remove a picture which has a cross in it. That was my wife's understanding. She - that's what she gave me to understand. And she said, don't ever remove this. And then this restaurant became very lucky for us. We - from being hand to mouth, we became self-sufficient. So this proved to be a lucky painting. Plus, this was a colorful painting, and this was all we could afford at the time. So we want to keep it, and we want to keep that cross as long as I'm alive and kicking.","It's a sign of how so many communities have built Houston into what it is today - influencing each other, melding into something unique. Lashkari has applied that to the dishes he serves. His signature chicken curry, cooked in huge metal pots in his sweltering, fragrant kitchen, is made with Mexican tomatillos and cilantro. It's incredibly delicious. And we ate that along with the best saag paneer, a spinach and cheese dish, that I have ever tasted.","We do a lot of fusion right now. This restaurant is famous for its fried chicken. It's fried the Southern way, but it's - the chicken - the raw chicken is marinated with Indian spices. My white gravy is made with cashew nuts and almonds and coconut. So it looks like a white gravy of the chicken-fried steak, but it's totally different."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"So this is the story. In Islam, you can't remove a picture which has a cross in it... Plus, this was a colorful painting, and this was all we could afford at the time. So we want to keep it, and we want to keep that cross as long as I'm alive and kicking.\"  The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not simply describing the painting and its significance, but also explaining the cultural and religious background that led him to keep the painting with the cross, despite not being Christian himself.","questions":"Which religion is the speaker describing as the reason for not removing a picture with a cross in it?","answer":"Islam"}
{"text":["Growing up in this community since I was a baby, this is my home. It's where I learned to live out on the land. It's where I harvest my food. It's where I live. I love this country. And at times like when you go to high school and you got to go to school, you leave the community. And when you're young, you like to experience and travel new things, but you always have that sense of home that you want to be back to. You want to be back. You want to be on the river. You want to be out on the land. I don't see myself wanting to move. This is my community, and I'm going to raise my family here.","You have a young daughter, I am told.","Yeah, her name is Tl'yah Tr'an Elizabeth Edith Josie (ph). She is 18 months.","You going to change what you tell her - is that going to be different from what your parents and grandparents told you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : You learn how to get your food from plants and animals instead of a store. When you travel you begin to feel a sadness that you are not at home. You want to be outdoors experiencing nature.","questions":"Which sense did PersonA have when leaving the community to go to school?","answer":"Sadness"}
{"text":["Justice Brennan wrote the majority opinion. But the swing vote holding that it was protected speech was Justice Antonin Scalia.","And President-elect Trump has often said he wants to appoint justices like Justice Scalia.","I think that's right. And I would hope that anyone who he would appoint would have a very solid respect for First Amendment values. I think it's crucial to our politics and our democracy that we respect even protests that really get on our nerves or that really we find deeply offensive.","But are we living in a time when people - and many of them on the opposite side, politically, from President-elect Trump - say they shouldn't have to put up with speech or accept speech that they find offensive, hurtful?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : speaker is talking about the importance of respecting speech that is offensive","questions":"How does speaker feel about respecting offensive speech?","answer":"Crucial"}
{"text":["They were part of the crew of the USS Monitor, a celebrated Civil War ship that helped open a new era in naval warfare. The ship was ironclad, powered by steam instead of sails, and supported a rotating gun turret. The Monitor sank in a storm in 1862. Sixteen of 62 men on board went down with their ship. They were thought to be lost forever until 2002. The Monitor was being restored and the remains of two of the sailors were discovered in the turret. We're joined now by historian Anna Holloway. She's curator of the USS Monitor Center in Newport, Virginia. Thank very much for being with us.","Well, thank you so much for having me.","What do we know about these two sailors who have finally been buried?","Well, we still don't know their names, and that is one of the ongoing mysteries about these two heroes of the USS Monitor. However, as you mention, 16 men went down with the vessel, so there are 16 possibilities. Now, forensics tells us a little bit about them - their relative heights, their ages and their race - so that does narrow it down a bit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There are no turns in the given conversation that have a meaning different from their literal meanings. All the turns convey their literal meanings without any implied or figurative language.","questions":"Which turn in the conversation provides information about the discovery of two sailors' remains in the turret of USS Monitor?","answer":"0"}
{"text":["And then we're going to measure not just their genotype and their environment - things like air quality, water quality, their social setting - but also all the molecular biology that might help us to understand how it is that genes and environment shape aging.","Do you have a dog, Doctor?","I have a dog. I had two dogs until last year.","Oh, I'm sorry.","Our 11-year-old Weimaraner passed away. By 11, he was pretty geriatric. I have an 11-year-old mutt. And when I take her to the dog park, people think she's a puppy. She looks like a 1-year-old. And she's still very vigorous."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"Passed away\" doesn't mean to actually leave a physical place, it's a nicer way of saying someone or something died.","questions":"What is the meaning of \"passed away\"?","answer":"Euphemism"}
{"text":["Media looks very bad on this. It looks credulous for Justice Department sources. Hatfill had filed suit against the government and, you know, sought to get the names of sources from journalists, taking them to court to do so, and to try to prove that the Justice Department had intentionally leaked this, as they sought to, you know, circle in on him and to capture him for these attacks.","Now, this year, there was a settlement, a legal settlement, for Steven Hatfill from the government.","That's right. Just a few months ago, the government essentially paid out a package - depending on how you value it - but about 5. 85 million dollars to compensate him for lost revenue over the course of his career. He lost a job at Louisiana State University, as a result of this, that he had been offered. Interestingly, the government did not exonerate him directly. Although the entire settlement tended to do that, but it not explicitly exonerate him, and nor did it apologize to him for this. CHADWICK: I don't imagine that we in the media are going to be apologizing to him either. NPR's David Folkenflik, thank you.","You bet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"You bet.\" - The actual meaning is \"You're welcome\" or \"No problem\".","questions":"What was the response of PersonA to Chadwick's statement in the dialogue?","answer":"Welcome"}
{"text":["I'm - so far, pretty much silence, but I also think that this is very different from the past allegations. This is something that will be much harder for Republicans to defend without looking even more craven than most voters. . .","OK.",". . . Will tolerate. You know, we can't base our foreign policy on whether foreign leaders are willing to do political favors for the president.","And we'll have to leave it there. Representative Tom Malinowski, Democrat of New Jersey. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"we'll have to leave it there\" implies that the tv show is over.","questions":"Which turn implies the end of the TV show?","answer":"3"}
{"text":["Yeah. I think a big local newspaper, you know, was kind of like the big local sports team. There's always been hostility toward the big, local paper but I think there was a certain amount of pride in it. And this is our paper. We are a big-time city. I think the Herald spoke more for the community and reflected the community better than any other institution down here could. And now there is no institution to replace that, unless, you know, you talk about sports team or something like that. And I think that's true of many, many cities now.","We talk so much about newspapers. Is journalism going to survive?Has that become DIY?Is this an opportunity for novelists to step in?","You know, novelists have been trying to step in for hundreds of years. And I think the same forces that are sort of working against newspapers probably are also working, to some extent, against books. I just, I don't know. It just feels like everything happens so fast now and everybody, you know, goes on to the next subject so quickly now. Books seem a little archaic, except as entertainment and, you know, as an escape from policy and that sort of thing.","Dave Barry. His new novel, \"Insane City. \"Speaking with us, of course, from Miami. Dave, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker implies that the same forces that are affecting newspapers are also affecting books, and that books may be perceived as archaic except as a form of entertainment.","questions":"What does the speaker imply about the perception of books?","answer":"Perceived"}
{"text":["Yeah, exactly. The case of China is interesting because China makes it a practice in its Africa policy to claim non-interference in a country's politics. And that makes it a favorite in places like Sudan and like Zimbabwe, which have some very basic problems. But these African countries also have natural resources that China desires. And so there's this quid pro quo, so to speak.","And Russia, of course, is, you know, perhaps arguably the world's largest supplier of illicit arms, and that's, you know, a connection, as well. And, of course, North Korea has trained some Zimbabwean soldiers and has a good relationship with Mugabe. So you can see there's a connection.","Absolutely. Professor Keller, thank you so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) In turn (1), the speaker implies that China's non-interference policy is not entirely true, and that they use it as a cover to gain access to natural resources in African countries like Sudan and Zimbabwe.","questions":"Which country has a good relationship with Mugabe?","answer":"North-Korea"}
{"text":["Well, it's a wide hurricane. So we expect impacts on both the east coast and the west coast. But the major impacts are going to be in the Florida Keys, particularly the lower Keys - then into the Naples area and then up the coast more into the Fort Myers area and into - early in next week into the Tampa area.","What do you see over the next 24 hours?","We see that it'll make this final turn. And we'll really be able to zero in on where that core is going to go. There's still a little bit of uncertainty, but we're looking most likely that the biggest impact's along southwest Florida.","What are your biggest concerns?Mr.  DeMaria. We have, of course, this whole constellation of effects between the winds and the storm surge and the flooding."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4), B is not simply asking Mr. DeMaria what his concerns are in a general sense, but is instead implying that there are multiple potential sources of damage and danger associated with the hurricane, including strong winds, storm surge, and flooding. The use of the phrase \"whole constellation of effects\" suggests that there are a range of different factors that could contribute to the overall impact of the hurricane, and that these factors are complex and interrelated. Therefore, the actual meaning of B's question is more concerned with the various risks and challenges associated with the hurricane, rather than simply asking Mr. DeMaria to name his general concerns.","questions":"How did PersonB suggest the complexity and interrelatedness of the various risks and challenges associated with the hurricane?","answer":"Complexity"}
{"text":["President Trump's declaration of a national emergency along the southern border has been criticized by congressional Democrats, but some Republicans, conservative activists and thinkers are also voicing concerns. James Wallner is with the R Street Institute, a pro-free market conservative research group and joins us in our studios. Thanks so much for being with us.","It's a pleasure.","Do you have reservations or objections?","I think what we've seen over the past couple of days is really the epitome of dysfunction in our government at present. So I say, yes, I have a lot of objections to what we're seeing.","Constitutional?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A thinks that the government is not functioning properly.","questions":"What does PersonA think about the current government situation?","answer":"Objections"}
{"text":["Because there's going to be this glass chamber, people can follow along.","Right. It looks absolutely beautiful.","Oh, it does?","Yeah, it looks absolutely beautiful."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The appearance of the glass chamber is impressive. (not the appearance of something else","questions":"Which object is impressive?","answer":"glass"}
{"text":["And there was \"Hip-Hop: Hot On The Runway,\" which was - HOT107. 9 had a fashion show with a lot of artists, yeah, at Compound, with Ray J.  Whitney Huston showed up. This is the live music scene as of last night. But at that same last event, at Compound, someone got shot. And there was incredible security at all of these events.","You go in there and you have to pass two or three people. And you know, the crowd is not - you can't say it was all young kids at Compound or it was - you couldn't even point out who in the audience could have done that because it was a very mixed crowd, in a lot of ways in terms, of economic strata and that kind of thing.","And in the end of the night, as a matter of fact, I woke up the next morning and saw on the news that someone was shot there. The guy was in critical condition at this time. So, you know, it's rough, but the same time, those were great events, three events in one night. And that is not atypical in Atlanta, you know, on a given week.","You know, do you think it is affecting the scene?And certainly violence isn't limited to hip-hop clubs, and it isn't new, but does it affect the ability of the audiences to go out?Or are they just like, hey, this is part of what it is and I am willing to go out anyway?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's hard to determine who could have committed the shooting at Compound due to the diverse audience","questions":"How was the audience at Compound during the event?","answer":"Diverse"}
{"text":["That seems to be the case.","Thanks very much for being with us today.","Thank you so much, Neal. Keep an eye on your belly button.","Rob Dunn is a science writer, a biologist in the Department of Biology at North Carolina State University. He joined us today from Raleigh. Tomorrow, traffic. L. A. 's is legendary, they're trying something new. They have synchronized every traffic light in the city. Join us for an update with Tom Vanderbilt tomorrow right after I go home and take a shower. It's the TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. I'm Neal Conan in Washington."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 'B' is not actually going home to shower. 'A' probably said something about germs or bacteria on the body, and 'A' is joking about feeling unclean.","questions":"How is 'A' joking about feeling unclean?","answer":"Unclean"}
{"text":["Does this mean human beings could return and be healthy?","I think our data don't really lend themselves to addressing that specific question for a number of reasons. Humans are much more long-lived than wild animals, so I would be cautious to extrapolate those findings to humans.","How do you explain that this area, that I think most of us consider to be a wasteland, has so much wildlife?","It was well-established that when you create large reserves and protect wildlife from everyday human activities, wildlife, generally, tend to thrive. So our study did not look at any specific health effects of animals. I think that's important to note. But what our study does suggest is that even if there are potential, subtle genetic effects, those effects are greatly overshadowed by the impacts humans have on the environment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is emphasizing that any potential genetic effects found in their study are insignificant compared to the overwhelming impact of human activities on the environment.","questions":"How does the speaker view the potential genetic effects found in their study?","answer":"Insignificant"}
{"text":["The third-longest-serving justice on the U. S.  Supreme Court is issuing a warning. Stephen Breyer was nominated by President Bill Clinton. He took his seat on the court in 1994 and is now part of the court's liberal minority. He wrote an unusual opinion released yesterday. In it, Justice Breyer appeared to send a message to his conservative colleagues on the bench, urging them to respect precedent and only overrule it when the circumstances demand it. His comments came in a dissent, after the Supreme Court ruled that a state cannot be sued in the courts of a different state by a private party unless it gives its permission.","Amy Howe is in studio with us this morning. She's co-founder of the SCOTUSblog. Amy, thanks for coming in.","Thanks for having me.","So can you flesh out the context of this warning?I said it came in a dissent. What more can you tell us about what led Justice Breyer to do this?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone ","questions":"How did PersonA clarify their presence on the show?","answer":"Hosting"}
{"text":["Are you swaying now?","Just a little bit, within legal bounds.","So what happened?","We had a noise complaint from a neighbor from people speaking too loudly on the sidewalk. And when the police came out, they issued two summons, one for violation of the New York City noise code and one for violation the Cabaret Law, which in the context of bars and restaurants, prohibits musical entertainment, singing, dancing or other forms of amusement without a license. And that license is very difficult to obtain and was only possessed by about a hundred bars and restaurants out of more than 25,000 in New York."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : 2) \"Just a little bit, within legal bounds.\" The speaker is not actually swaying but is referring to the legal limit of noise allowed in the context of the noise complaint mentioned in (4). The implied meaning is that the speaker is trying to avoid any further trouble with the police by staying within the legal limits of noise.","questions":"What is the PersonA's response to the noise complaint?","answer":"Issue"}
{"text":["You know, let's just take a look at Los Angeles' demographics. You have people from incredibly wealthy to incredibly poor. You have immigrants, native-born people who've come here from other parts of the U. S. , people, of course, who were born here. How do you think L. A. 's demographics affect the need for public transportation?","Well, clearly there is a very serious need here in the region. We are very geographically dispersed in other words. We have suburbs that extend for miles in every direction. So the need for a broad-based transportation system that depends on a lot of bus service is particularly important in our region. Here in the downtown area, we do have a more extensive rail network that starts in the downtown region and then extends outwards.","But again, that's only the metro services. There are also Metrolink services and Amtrak services that serve more of the Southern California region. So there are lots of transportation choices here, and it would do people that are trying to save money well to look into these services.","Finally, is the federal government supporting the system at all?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There is a serious need for public transportation in the region.","questions":"How does the region's need for public transportation impact transportation choices?","answer":"Choices"}
{"text":["Well, this, of course, has been something people have been looking for for a long time. Family members of those who were killed are calling it a victory. Fred Guttenberg, father of Jaime Guttenberg said - this is a quote from him - he said, \"he could have saved my daughter, and he didn't. May he rot in hell. \"Jaime Guttenberg was one of the last to be shot that day, and so that's some pretty raw feelings here about all this.","What we heard from a - the current sheriff in Broward County, Gregory Tony, said it's never too late to - for accountability and justice. He also fired another officer who was involved at the school today, as well. He's not charged. And we heard from Florida Department of Law Enforcement head Rick Swearingen who said there can be no excuse for Peterson's complete inaction and no question that his inaction cost lives.","That's NPR's Greg Allen in Miami. Thank you for your reporting.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The family members of the killed victims are happy to see that the offender is finally being held accountable for his actions.","questions":"What was the reaction of the family members of the killed victims?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["Nice to be here, Lulu.","Why study Mars's core?What can it teach us?","We know the outside of Mars, and we understand the inside of the Earth. And one of the reasons we're interested in Mars is because it's a planet of a similar sort of size to the Earth and Venus. So getting into the interior of it will help us understand how long it took for it to cool down because it's now a cooler planet than the Earth. It no longer does all that exciting plate tectonic stuff that the Earth does. And we'll get a sense of how stiff the external crust is, how malleable the mantle is and whether the core is liquid or not. Those are all the things that really matter for the physics of the Earth, so we assume they're going to matter for the physics of Mars, too.","The first successful Mars landing was almost 50 years ago, which is quite a while. And many have failed since then. Why?How hard is it actually to get there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asking about Mars's core can teach us something.","questions":"What will help us understand how long it took for Mars to cool down?","answer":"Cooling"}
{"text":["And you actually crossed a few lanes of traffic to get out there and check it out.","Yeah.","What did it feel like to be in that no man's land?","Yeah. I know, I felt like Robinson Crusoe. I felt like some postmodern Vasco da Gama, I don't know. The idea to go into this place - obviously completely ludicrous 'cause no one would go across these lanes of traffic, which travel at quite a speed. And so of course I pretended to be like from the Council or some person in authority, you know, classifying the shrubbery. You know, I did my little faux survey and then escaped. But yeah, what a strange feeling and available to all of us 'cause we've all got these places around where we live."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : there are no turns in this conversation. whose actual meaning are different from their literal meanings. all of the turn are being used in a straight forward and literal meaning.","questions":"How did PersonA feel when they were in the \"no man's land\"?","answer":"isolated"}
{"text":["We're now going to take a look at another flood and what lessons it may have for Houston and other cities facing the possibility of disaster. Twenty years ago, 50,000 residents were evacuated from Grand Forks, N. D. , when the red river burst its banks. At the time, it was the largest displacement ever in an American city.","What followed was a painful process of raising homes, redrawing maps and building flood walls. The town has been well-protected ever since. Michael Brown has been the mayor of Grand Forks since the year 2000. And he joins us now. Good morning.","Good morning.","So can you remind us, first, of the devastation your city faced in 1997?Take us back."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"a painful process of raising homes, redrawing maps and building flood walls\" implies that the recovery efforts in Grand Forks were challenging and required significant investment and resources, rather than a straightforward or easy process.","questions":"What was the process of recovering from the flood in Grand Forks like?","answer":"Painful"}
{"text":["Well, and how does Barack Obama come out of all this?","If you read the charges, he comes out shining. He and his aides would not play at all with the governor. In fact, it drove the governor to distraction, and he created these fountains of profanity when he thought about what President-elect Obama was willing to give him for the Senate seat, which is to say nothing. And so he was quite angry that he wasn't getting anything out of the Obama camp.","When President-elect Obama was asked about this, though, his answer was not that nourishing. He said that he didn't know anything that was going on. That's excessively vague. His good friend, Valerie Jarrett, was up for the post. He appeared to be pushing her. So it's hard to believe that he would know nothing about that.","There was a little confusion also about whether he had talked to Blagojevich about his successor. David Axelrod, a top strategist for Obama, had at one point said that the two had talked. It then came out that Axelrod said he was mistaken. They had not talked. So we know the two never talked about it, but still open is the question of what exactly Obama knew about this pay-for-play scheme that Blagojevich was running."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implication is that Barack Obama may have been involved in the Blagojevich scandal.","questions":"How was Barack Obama implicated in the Blagojevich scandal?","answer":"involved"}
{"text":["Tequila.","Hey, before we go - I go pouring it in, give it a smell, though.","OK.","It's very vegetal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the literal meaning of \"OK\" is simply an acknowledgement or agreement. However, in this context, the actual meaning might be something like \"I understand\" or \"I accept.\"","questions":"What does \"OK\" signify in this context?","answer":"Understanding"}
{"text":["A year or so ago, the world was turned upside down - or part of the world was turned upside down - when we decided that it was it OK to say over ten instead of more than ten. And the internet change has brought a lot of reaction, too. Somebody tweeted, after we announced the change, AP has lowercased internet. Somewhere tonight, galaxies are burning.","(Laughter) And you know what?The AP and NPR will be there to cover them.","Absolutely.","Tom Kent, standards editor of the Associated Press. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Tom Kent is an expert on the Associated Press standards, and his opinion is appreciated.","questions":"Which editor's opinion is highly valued by the Associated Press?","answer":"Tom"}
{"text":["I was actually wavering in the blocks. And I saw on the video that some sort of bad form. But they fired the gun and I took off and things were going OK. They weren't going great, my strides were a little bit off. But I never hit an off-leg on a hurdle. As I went around the second turn and came into the final 100 meters, I looked to my left and realized that I was right in the middle of the pack. And that really surprised me. And at that point, I figured as long as I finish, this is a success. And as I got to the very end, right before the finish line, I glanced up at the scoreboard which showed the clock running. And realized that I ended up with a pretty good time. And so I crossed the finish line. I beat my personal goal by two seconds and managed to beat one other runner in the race.","Well, that raises this question professor. You're - I mean, you're a teacher right?","Correct.","You have devoted your professional life to helping, encouraging, enriching the lives of youngsters, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The speaker is not only referring to a specific incident but also highlighting the larger issue of racism in the country and how it affects individuals on a personal level.","questions":"How was the PersonA's message related to racism?","answer":"Racism"}
{"text":["I am deeply skeptical of that.","It's true, it's true. It's the - the analysis depends on the content of the air and the water in the specific place where your mother - the area where your mother was living when she was pregnant with you because that's the first bone that forms in your body as a part of the skull bone, apparently. Just as we can take a section of your thigh bone and that will give us a longitudinal picture of where you've been living for the last seven years.","Wow.","It's magic, isn't it?It's exactly those wild moments that I love, and there's a case in the book from - we were talking about insects earlier. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning behind (3) is not just a simple expression of astonishment but also an acknowledgment of the amazement of the speaker.","questions":"What is the sentiment conveyed by PersonB in turn 2?","answer":"Amazement"}
{"text":["I mean, well, first of all, it's a real place. It's called Highclere. So when it's blown up to the big screen, it's not like a set that looks chintzy and you can see the seams. This is a real dining room, a real library. And you see some of the grounds. The grounds, it turns out - I didn't know this - were landscaped by a man with one of my favorite names, Capability Brown.","(Laughter) Love that.","He's a famous landscape architect. And he did the original Highclere grounds. And they look great.","I was amazed, watching it, at how many plotlines they were able to squeeze in. I left, like, counting them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : I left counting them means there were so many of them, not that I actually counted them.","questions":"How did PersonB feel about the plotlines in the movie?","answer":"Amazed"}
{"text":["Investors are ecstatic about central bankers working there. Listen to this, the German DAX Index up about 10 percent, the French CAC 40, up more than nine percent. Now, they are both measures like the Dow 30, which on Wall Street jumped 500 points in the morning.","In Britain, Prime Minister Gordon Brown put $65 billion of government money into three British banks. NPR's Rod Gifford is in London. We're going to him. Rob, hello. I think that people are saying it is this British plan, the so-called British plan that seems to be may be spurring a little bit of a recovery around the world. What is the British government doing, and what does it want in return?","Well, as you say, Alex, Gordon Brown is getting a lot of kudos from this, because he was the one who put this plan forward last week. What they're doing, as you say, is to put a lot of government money that is taxpayer's money, $65 billion worth of it, into three British banks into order to - they hope - free up the bank to bank lending, and the whole crisis of confidence that has struck British banks as it has done elsewhere.","In return - some very important conditions they want in return. Right upfront, leaders of these banks that have got into trouble must step down. Bonuses are being frozen for other executives who stay on and crucially, the demand that these banks maintain mortgage lending and small-business lending at 2007 levels, levels of last year."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Gordon Brown's plan is earning him praise, but it involves using taxpayer money to bailout three British banks and impose conditions on the banks in exchange for the money.","questions":"Which British banks are receiving taxpayer money under Gordon Brown's plan?","answer":"British"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And that's something that my father always stressed upon my sisters and me and that we've all thought it's very important that you should be engaged in the process. In this case it is a political process, because the process of electing our government leaders is one that will have a direct impact on whether we're here and what we do here. So it's fine to criticize, but at the same time if you're not engaged in the process I feel that's a real discredit to everything you try to protest against.","Do you sense a great excitement among the men and women there about the election?","Well, there's certainly a lot of open questions, a lot of us are wondering if Barack Obama's elected versus John McCain and vice versa, whether that will have an effect not just on this tour, but on future military careers because we have a lot of soldiers and a lot of officers who are planning to make a military career and I'm not one of them. I'm going to be leaving active duty when we return from this tour.","But for those soldiers especially, the big question now is, when and how soon they'll have to deploy to Afghanistan. Because many of these soldiers are on their third, some even on their fourth tour here to Iraq. And so now they're looking at another open ended involvement in Afghanistan. And so they've got a lot of questions about that and so we're really just curious right now what both candidates - what decisions they'll make."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"engaged in the process\" - this means actively participating in the political process, not just being present or observing it.","questions":"Which phrase describes the importance of being involved in the political process?","answer":"Importance"}
{"text":["An impression, that's an interesting question there. And certainly, you talked about that room I was in, it was certainly interesting for me to be standing in there quite literally in the middle of this room surrounded by all these heads of state from around Africa. But I quite literally - I mean, the journalist in you kicks in - I'm there certainly covering it, but it kicks in and I made a beeline, I absolutely did, when I laid eyes on him. I went right over to him and certainly was curious to get an impression of him. But as soon as he determined and as soon as he understood who I was and what I was probably going to be asking him, his whole demeanor kind of changed.","He was there - and certainly, the Leo Sullivan Foundation and the Sullivan Summit is something you - it's not supposed to necessarily be political. And a lot of these heads of state agree to participate because - they are, they're looking for the betterment of that particular country that they're in. And it's all really something we're all supposed to get together and celebrate and try to help, and not supposed to really be a political undertone to any of it. So, I wasn't trying to create that, but still the journalist in me wanted to ask him some questions about what has been happening in Sudan, and certainly the Darfur region. But I never got that opportunity.","Sounds like he shut it down a little bit.","He shut it down like you wouldn't believe."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the journalist in you kicks in\" - This is an idiom that means the person's journalistic instincts or tendencies took over, rather than a literal physical action of someone kicking.","questions":"Which idiom describes the person's journalistic instincts taking over?","answer":"Kicks"}
{"text":["Oh.","OK. So Bill Eberhard and colleagues looked into this and found that it's a little bit different than what people had thought. First of all, spiders definitely touch the sticky part of their web all the time, especially when they're constructing it. But he also found that when he looked at the leg of a spider under a dissecting microscope - and if this appeals to you, you can see this on our website - you see these tiny little hairs called setae. And what happens is when a spider touches the sticky line with this hairy leg, as it pulls away, the glue sort of drips down the hairs, and then you have very little surface area between the sticky glue and the spider. So there's not a lot of pull. And this kind of explains mostly why they - and they touch it very delicately. And then there's this one more little fact, which is my favorite part of this study, which is they wash the spider legs. They clean them off and find that they're much stickier. So they do seem to have a kind of oily substance that repels their own glue.","Wow. Wow.","But - it was cool."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implies that the speaker found the information about spiders and their webs interesting or impressive, despite the fact that they also thought it was \"cool.\" So, the actual meaning of (4) is slightly different from its literal meaning.","questions":"What was the PersonA's initial reaction to the information about spiders and their webs?","answer":"Oh."}
{"text":["Cryo would be called - right crypto would - wow.","That's right. So we basically house lichens, mosses and fungi in this herbarium here. We have over 200,000 specimens here.","Two hundred thousand?And are these specimens popping out of the ice?Are they new species?","The ones that are coming out from underneath the glaciers?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is surprised with the number of specimens.","questions":"Which number surprised B?","answer":"200000"}
{"text":["No. We all hang about. That's exactly the same as \"Mrs. Brown. \"People will call you, amazed that - you know, you read all about actors who stay in character all day and hide in caves, and then only come when they're called for and get the family to behave as a fill-in character.","Well, I have found with the vast majority of those great British actors, that they stand, telling stories at the side of the set, and they're called for. And they say, oh, look. The light's one. We've got to go. And they go and get straight into character. It's like stepping into an old shoe. And it's lovely. It's - especially Judi Dench. You know, we used to just stand screaming well after and then say, right, lads. Get yourself together. Right, then, action, and we'd be into it again.","And there she's queenly again.","And then she's a queen, yeah, and I'm a scruff."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Queenly implies beauty and royalty, not being a Queen","questions":"What does \"queenly\" imply?","answer":"Royalty"}
{"text":["And, of course, we have bioenergy here, too, and the debates about things like corn ethanol. That's another big contentious issue here in the Midwest. And one where, again, middle grounds might have to be found between groups that are in very different poles on that issue.","And what do you think is the most promising - again, the symbolic areas, those are always going to be difficult. But are there other conversations that could be had that, as you say, skirt the ideology?","Well, it's very interesting. Regardless of, you know, how you think of him politically, the Obama administration has actually done more, may be by accident - or may be on purpose - to think about, to take on climate change than all previous administrations, really, combined. Our CO2 emissions in the United States have gone down pretty dramatically in the last few years, partly because of the recession, of course, but partly because people are retooling and getting more efficient.","The American car fleet is getting lot more efficient. We finally got those CAFE standards going up again, which is fantastic, after about 30 years of going nowhere. And maybe that's a benefit of bailing out Detroit. We could work with them to make cars more efficient, the cars Americans want to buy. We've also - the fracking, moving away from coals, where it's natural gas, has helped a lot, although we have to watch the other aspects of fracking. And also, renewables are beginning to make a bigger and bigger dent in the American electricity supply and other energy supplies."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Different groups have opposing views on corn ethanol","questions":"How is bioenergy debated in the Midwest?","answer":"contentious"}
{"text":["This is going to be a really interesting hearing today. I'm going to see if the judge approves these requests from the plaintiffs who want to see more documents being released from the Trump administration as well as they want to see the judge to possibly order more depositions, more officials sitting down for questioning to try to get a bottom of this - these claims. And this could possibly affect - if there's additional documents released, additional testimony - this could affect the ruling that the Supreme Court is expected to release by the end of this month.","That's the final judge here. The Supreme Court will be ruling on this.","Exactly. We're watching to see what the justices say. And it's a very tight deadline. July 1 is when the Census Bureau says that printing has to start for the 2020 census forms.","Hansi, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The deadline for printing the 2020 census forms is approaching.","questions":"What is the deadline for printing the 2020 census forms?","answer":"July1."}
{"text":["Right.",". . . in their noses, and that was because it was reflected back to visible light.","Oh, interesting.","But now, we're able to micronize that. And when we do that, we're able to make those molecules smaller, and you can focus just on the UVB and UVA, which is important for sun protection."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A explains the importance of micronizing molecules for sun protection.","questions":"How does micronizing molecules help with sun protection?","answer":"Size"}
{"text":["But today, the Reverend Al Sharpton, members of Bell's family, and other community leaders are taking these protests one step further. They'll march and stage pray-ins throughout New York City. One of the sites is House of the Lord Church in downtown Brooklyn, led by the Reverend Herb Daughtry. We talked to the reverend yesterday about his plans for the protest.","What we're supposed to do is assemble at various sites around the city and then march to the action site. That is the place where we will submit ourselves, some of us, to an arrest. Hopefully, in so doing, we will tie up the city so that there will be - there would be no movement, no motion. And everybody in the city and indeed across the nation will get the message that we will not stand for policemen, the people we pay to protect us, to kill us.","Reverend, when you talk about blocking things off and shutting things down, does that mean that you will literally block the streets?","Obviously, I don't want to be too specific, but we have assembling points. Points where we tell people to assemble. Here in Brooklyn, it's at our church, the House of the Lord Church. Now, once people have assembled, then we will go to the designated sites of action, where the civil disobedience will take place.","Sean Bell was a young man. Have you been able to reach out to people who are in their 20s or even in their teens to try to get them to join on to this protest?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The protest will be disruptive and cause inconvenience to the city","questions":"What is the purpose of the protest?","answer":"Purpose"}
{"text":["One of the things I've always loved about the Democratic Party is that it is a big-tent party, and it embraces opportunity for all people. And I'm running for president because I think my life experience can address this Trump-fueled national crisis of division that has been moving us backward. And I look at my experience of bringing people together - businesses and nonprofits and Republicans and Democrats - and to really get things done, to get to near-universal health care, create the No. 1 economy in the country for three consecutive years - I think that record stands for itself.","Governor John Hickenlooper, thank you so much for joining us.","You bet, Noel. Thank you so much.","That's former Colorado Governor John Hickenlooper, talking to us for our Opening Arguments series."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Democratic Party is inclusive and addresses national crisis","questions":"Which political party does John Hickenlooper mention in turn 0?","answer":"Democratic"}
{"text":["Let's start with what's happening in those factories that produce or produced all those goods that we just couldn't get enough of during the boom. What's happening there now?","The scene on the shop floors in China is a grim one. There are tens of thousands of factories being closed, many thousands already shuttered. Those numbers don't tell you how big those factories are. China has factories with everything from five people in them to 150,000 people in them.","But the story is bad. I mean, if you just count the migrant workers who have lost their jobs in the last seven months, that count's up to over 10 million. And that's a government number, so it's probably low.","So, it could be many more than 10 million."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation in Chinese factories is dire with many factories closed and workers losing their jobs, including millions of migrant workers.","questions":"What is the government-reported count of migrant workers who have lost their jobs in the last seven months in Chinese factories?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["We're coming over the initial shock. It's a very strange situation to live in one of the wealthiest countries in the world. And we have been living in more luxury than almost any other nation on this planet, and now all of a sudden we find ourselves almost like beggars.","You talk about the swift difference between being so wealthy to now being in a totally different place. Is this what everyone - is the average person going through something like this?Or is this just a select few that went from being so wealthy to so not wealthy?","The general public here has been very, very well off. But now people that are starting to lose their jobs - hundreds of people that used to work in the banks have been losing their jobs recently. We know that a lot of companies are going to become bankrupt. We had almost no unemployment in the past years. We've been importing workers from Eastern Europe because we didn't have enough people to work in our companies.","So, how are people coping with this?Are they selling off their belongings?What are they doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker wonders if the average person is also experiencing a similar change in circumstances from being wealthy to not wealthy, as opposed to just a select few.","questions":"Which question does PersonB ask about the experience of the average person regarding their wealth in contrast to the select few?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Well, let's talk about that pivot. We heard that Barack Obama will be speaking with President Bush sometime, perhaps, this week?","He will be. He'll be having lots of conversations with President Bush, with Secretary of Treasury Paulson, Secretary Gates at the Pentagon. These are all conversations he will have. He's got a couple of different tasks. One, of course, is to name his team going forward, but then also to deal with some things that are right in front of him.","There are decisions to be made both - Congress is coming back to hold a session to talk about another stimulus package. And then, of course, there's a meeting at the White House of international leaders, to which Senator Obama has been invited. And so, he already sort of has a to-do list before he's even in office. That goes beyond what presidents traditionally face, which is merely putting together a cabinet and putting together a White House staff.","Yeah, I was going to say, when was the last time this happened, that almost the day after or even the night of his election, he's already planning. He's already governing, in a sense."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Obama is already working before he is officially in office.","questions":"What is Obama doing before he is inaugurated?","answer":"Working"}
{"text":["Yes, and that's a very different situation because the ice sitting on the ocean, when it melts, it doesn't change sea level. If you think of a glass of ice tea and you put your ice cubes in the ice tea, when the ice melts, your ice tea, obviously, doesn't overflow. The ice just - it. . .","There's quite a difference in volume, but not big enough.","Yeah. It basically doesn't - but the melting ice that's floating doesn't matter, but what - but a lot of the ice sitting on Greenland and on Antarctic, the continent of Antarctica, when that ice melts, that does, in fact, add water to the sea. And those are in the long term, likely to drive the sea level rise and could drive the sea level rise by a great deal in the coming decades and centuries.","So is anomalous - I mean, is this - as you said, it's definitely part of a trend. There's no way to argue with it anymore, about the warming and that it's having real effects. How is it going faster than people feared?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Melting ice on Greenland and Antarctica adds water to the sea level.","questions":"How does melting ice on Greenland and Antarctica affect sea level?","answer":"Increase."}
{"text":["At dusk tonight - the Belmont stakes, and an engaging chestnut named California Chrome has a chance to be the first horse to win the Triple Crown - a sweep of all three of the major thoroughbred races since 1978. We're honored now to be joined by Laura Hillenbrand. She's a horse rider by trade, of course she's author of the perpetual best-selling \"Seabiscuit. \"Laura, thanks so much for being with us.","I'm so happy to be here Scott.","What is there about the Belmont stakes that frustrates so many great four-legged athletes who've already won two big races?","They call it the test of their champion for a reason. It is a tricky race. It's run around the biggest track in the country so strategy is different. You have to move a different place. It's a race that requires a lot of the jockey.","The thing that makes it the hardest in terms of sweeping the whole Triple Crown is the horse that gets there with a chance to win it as California Chrome has. They've already competed in the Derby and the Preakness, which are two incredibly difficult races. And now, in the span of five weeks, they have to try the third one. And it's the hardest one of all, the longest one of all. It's really asking a huge amount of them. And that's why, in my whole racing fan life, I have never seen a horse sweep the Triple Crown. I've seen 12 horses go to the Belmont with a chance to win it, and all of them have failed.","California Chrome is called the people's horse, kind of like Seabiscuit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"It's really asking a huge amount of them\" - This indicates that the race requires a significant physical and mental effort from the horses, rather than simply making a request or demanding something from them.","questions":"How would you describe the level of difficulty in the Belmont stakes?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["Many political figures tweeted thoughts and prayers just after last week's church murders in Texas. Just as immediately, there were many sharp responses. Wil Wheaton, the actor and writer who has more than 3 million Twitter followers, wrote Speaker Paul Ryan, the murdered victims were in a church. If prayers did anything, they'd still be alive - and added an expletive. Mr.  Wheaton later tweeted an apology for insulting what he called real people of faith.","David French joins us now, a senior writer for National Review, a Harvard law graduate. He received the Bronze Star for his Army service in Iraq. And Mr.  French, on this Veterans Day, thank you very much for being with us.","Well, thank you so much for having me. I appreciate it.","You wrote this week that for people of faith, including those who were in that church, prayer is, in fact, a powerful response. How so?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are implying celebrities do not care about murders ","questions":"How did Wil Wheaton insult people of faith?","answer":"Expletive"}
{"text":["So there's always been this open question about why Deutsche Bank lent to Trump when other banks wouldn't. And for investigators, the question is, you know, all the more pressing because Deutsche Bank has really a record of malfeasance and irregularities.","Tell us more about that history, some of the allegations. We mentioned money laundering earlier.","Right. Well, yeah, money laundering - the bank paid fines totaling $630 million in 2017. Regulators said some of its clients moved a huge amount of money, like $10 billion, out of Russia into offshore accounts illegally. And Deutsche Bank basically allowed it to happen. The - and the allegations about money laundering continue. Just recently, in November, the bank's headquarters in Frankfurt were raided by investigators. They were looking at how Deutsche Bank helped set up illegal accounts as part of this big, money laundering - global money laundering scheme.","So add to that Deutsche Bank paid $7. 2 billion for helping set up toxic mortgages before the financial crisis. It paid a big fine for violating U. S.  sanctions against Iran and Syria. So really, the bank has a long record of scandal, to say the least."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"history\" and \"allegations\" - While these words may have a straightforward meaning on their own, in this context, they imply that there is a pattern of wrongdoing that has been documented.","questions":"Which words imply a pattern of documented wrongdoing?","answer":"history,allegations"}
{"text":["My father believed the world was divided between those who were mentally and physically strong and those who were weak and lazy. For this, I had to undergo a physical and psychological training.","Can you tell us about those nights in the cellar?","From the age of 6, I had to spend one night a month in the basement meditating on death. I sat on a stool, alone, in the dark, surrounded by rats. And I had a cardigan with small bells on it. I wasn't allowed to let the bells tinkle, as it meant that I was moving. It was one of his exercises.","There are just too many instances of abuse and cruelty to recount - I mean, the way he didn't turn on the heat, the way he made you bathe in his dirty water. He said he gave you his energy that way or something."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"those nights in the cellar\" - this is a euphemism for the traumatic and abusive experience that the speaker had to endure as a child. It is a way of avoiding directly mentioning the abuse, perhaps to downplay or conceal its severity.","questions":"How does the speaker refer to their traumatic experience as a child?","answer":"Abuse"}
{"text":["Well, I think so. Among Republicans here in Utah, there are a variety of different flavors of Republicanism. And I think there are non-Mormon Republicans in the state who expressed concern about his readiness for office and some of the other statements that he made, in the same way that many other Republicans around the country have expressed concern.","At the same time, Hillary Clinton, the Democratic nominee, seems to have made a real specific and concrete direct appeal to Utah voters, hasn't she?","I think that's right. She published an op-ed in The Deseret News referencing LDS Church history and talking in ways that would have resonated with many Mormons or at least the language would resonate. Whether or not people who have come to some judgments, rightly or wrongly, about Hillary Clinton will ultimately be swayed by that is another question. But there's no question that Hillary Clinton or her campaign are reaching out to Mormons in a way that is different from what we've seen from Democratic candidates in the past.","Any sign of increased support or at least interest in third-party candidates?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Any sign of increased support or at least interest in third-party candidates?\" - Implied meaning: Is there any indication that people are more likely to vote for a third party candidate?","questions":"How did PersonB inquire about the possible rise in support or interest for third-party candidates?","answer":"Inquire"}
{"text":["And so if we organize the production and the processing and distribution of organic foods on a large scale, there's efficiencies to be had. This is actually kind of an experiment, a test. You know, how much of the extra costs that you pay when you buy organic food - how much of that is just the fragmented nature of the business?How much of it is the small-scale aspect?And how much of it is inherent in organic production?","Well, there's no question that Walmart is kind of the king of logistics. But if you talk to some of their suppliers, they'll also complain that Walmart is the king of squeezing them and making them produce the product ever more cheaply at their own expense.","Right. So you could say this is a threat to some organic producers who are used to higher margins. On the other hand, I mean, the organic production is expanding, and if Walmart wants large quantities, they may have to outbid other producers. There is a limit right now on the amount of organic food for sale. They say they want to expand that, and there's no reason why they couldn't. There's lots of land out there. Right now, organic is actually a very small part of American food production, people say 5 percent or less. So there's no reason why Walmart couldn't expand organic production if they offered a good price. The question is can they do it cheaply?","Part of this has to do with trust. Are people going to stop going to Whole Foods and go over to Walmart 'cause they can get the eggs $2 cheaper?I'm a little skeptical."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of hesitant or noncommittal language may indicate a lack of confidence or a desire to avoid making a definitive statement.","questions":"How does the PersonA's language in turn 2 suggest their level of confidence?","answer":"Lack"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me.","You know, I've heard about this going on in Ithaca, New York, and the largest of these systems we're told is in Western Massachusetts. I believe they call it BerkShares there. They've circulated about $2 million in BerkShares in two years. So, how do you explain this idea of local currency to the average person?","Well, we talk about Equal Dollars as a community currency and bartering system that essentially serves as a companion to the U. S.  dollar. It's what maybe our ancestors did like seeds, gold, silver, copper, beads, cattle, diamonds, spices, things that people have used over the years and centuries to expand their current way of acquiring goods and services. It acts as a non-interest-bearing, spendable, transferable discount. And it\u2026","How does it work in terms of, you know, going to the store?Can I get on the bus with it?Can I catch a cab?Can I buy a refrigerator with it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B doesn't literally want to know whether they can do all those things. The \"I\" is meant to refer to anyone... can any person buy a fridge with this currency.","questions":"What is the intended meaning of the \"I\" in PersonB's question about buying a refrigerator with the local currency?","answer":"Possibility"}
{"text":[". . . To do is to keep family units together while they go through court proceedings so that they can have their cases adjudicated. That's the responsible thing to do. Everybody agrees that we don't want to separate families. But we do need to enforce the laws passed by Congress. How long that will be was determined by how long the adjudications taken.","And you know right now those cases can take years. Is that your plan, to hold families for that length of time?","Absolutely. The president's - absolutely not. The president's been asking repeatedly for more resources to speed up the process. And, again, we want to make sure that we're keeping families together while still enforcing the laws passed by Congress.","So you said absolutely not. But do you have your own limit?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Everybody agrees\" is not literal, it implies that nearly everyone agrees, that there's broad consensus.","questions":"How does turn 0 describe the agreement on keeping family units together?","answer":"Broad"}
{"text":["So, I think, you know, I didn't expect her to do anything huge after \"Dream Girls. \"I think that's just sort of the name of the game. When you're an African-American actress, you take what you can get. And this is a big film. It's a small role, but it's in a huge movie that will probably do incredibly well. I just thought she was ill-fitted. I didn't think she belonged in it.","Kelly Rowland, you mentioned her name, Destiny's Child.","MS.  SAMUELS: Right.","She basically said she wanted the part."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is expressing their opinion about the actress's ability to get roles in Hollywood as an African-American woman, and how they didn't think she was a good fit for the particular movie. The literal meaning of the words used in the turn may not convey the speaker's actual opinion or intended message.","questions":"Which PersonA's opinion is being expressed in turn 0?","answer":"The"}
{"text":["Did you hear anything from President Obama or Speaker Boehner that screams deal to you?","As is true of so much of life, the great philosopher Yogi Berra said it best: It's deja vu all over again. This problem is what caused the debt crisis last year, with the president and his supporters saying you have to increase tax rates on the wealthy and the House Republicans saying you cannot raise tax rates on the wealthy and you have to close loopholes. If they don't figure out a way around this, we are going to have the same kind of nail-biting fight that we had last year, which resulted basically in them kicking the can and creating the fiscal cliff.","Yeah. Well, do you see room for compromise there. I mean, if you were carving the pie?","Well, here is the problem. The professor who spoke to Ari just before said that if you close loopholes on the wealthy you would collect more tax revenue. That is true. But if you're serious about closing the deficit, that is not enough. It just isn't. It doesn't create enough revenue. And that's where the Democrats have fundamentally been saying if you don't raise rates, then everything else is pointless, because it'll all be on the margins. And that's the problem."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"It's deja vu all over again\" - This phrase implies that the situation is similar to the one that occurred last year and is likely to lead to the same result. ","questions":"How did Yogi Berra describe the current situation?","answer":"Deja-vu"}
{"text":["Yeah.","So you want the organism - it's like taking a portrait, that's sort of how he thinks about it. But of course your microorganism doesn't see it that way.","So you have to figure out how to get them to sit still, and that requires sort of propping up the cover slip with little dots of Vaseline. That's his trick. But you want to sort of squish it just enough so it doesn't move but not too much so that you run it over, essentially.","Well, you don't want to kill the. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that A wouldn't want to kill the organism with the process he want to apply to take it portrait.","questions":"Which process?","answer":"method"}
{"text":["Thank you.","Why do you think more teens are identifying as transgender or gender nonconforming?","Well, I think there's been a long history of advocacy and fighting for that visibility. And there's more media attention and celebrities coming out. That has increased visibility. And with more schools having more GSAs and clubs, it gives youth a chance to feel like they can talk about their gender exploration and live more like their authentic self.","To what extent do you see this study as a reflection of teens feeling more comfortable in diverse gender identities versus teens sort of experimenting with their identities and how they describe themselves?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is asking for A's opinion on the increase in identification of teens as transgender or gender nonconforming.","questions":"Which identity term is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Gender"}
{"text":["Dale Berra has written a book about his father and family - father most Americans know by just one name, Yogi - Lawrence \"Yogi\" Berra, the Hall of Fame catcher of the Mantle, Maris and Whitey Ford New York Yankees in the 1950s and '60s. Yogi was the American League's Most Valuable Player three times that became almost as beloved as an almost cuddly catcher who babbled with bewildering but good-natured malapropisms like, it's deja vu all over again. He went on to manage the Yankees, then the Mets. Dale Berra was himself a major leaguer with the Yankees, the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Houston Astros, but he brought down his own career with drugs. His new book, \"My Dad Yogi: A Memoir Of Family And Baseball\" - Dale Berra joins us from New York. Thank you so much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott. Thanks for having me.","Your father famously said, I never said most of the things I said. The Yogi-isms - how did he talk at home?","To tell you the truth, Dad, as we like to say, is the most quoted man who never said anything. Dad was just Dad at home."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \u2018almost cuddly catcher\u2019 means that he has a goodnatured personality and appears like a caring and non-scary person, likable to audiences","questions":"What is Yogi Berra's nickname?","answer":"Yogi"}
{"text":["Yeah, I think so. I think it's sort of like - the way I've been thinking about it, whereas Neanderthals - they were kind of an archaeological group that was in search of genomics and genetic elucidation, so we had all these bones from individuals we knew were Neanderthals because we've studied their archaeology and the tools they made so well, and so we wanted to compare that archaeology, the people who carried those - made those tools to present-day humans, see how they were related.","But in the case of the Denisovans, we started with the DNA, and we know there must have been a population, and really interesting to see what they were like. The West Eurasian, the European archaeological record and the archaeological record of the Middle East, is really, really well-studied and characterized by European and Western researchers. But the archaeological record of the eastern parts of Eurasia is more poorly studied or not studied at least within the same framework.","And it's a vast region of the world, which we know had humans in it when modern humans exploded out of Africa 40 or 50 thousand years ago. And so it's really exciting, and the data, the DNA tells you it's exciting, to try to figure out who those humans were. They were not exactly Neanderthals.","Hmm. In fact, isn't it true that when this bone was first discovered, people just thought it was a human bone?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Neanderthals were not searching for genetics, but rather it is our modern-day researchers who are searching for their genetic elucidation","questions":"Which group was searching for genetic elucidation?","answer":"Neanderthals"}
{"text":["He did. When I - the first time I called him up, the conversation went like this: Hello?Alan Feuer. And I said, hey, it's Alan Feuer. And he went, oh, good man. I've been meaning to call you. And he really did talk like that. That is absolutely how he spoke.","So something out of - well, a kind of a cross between Franklin Delano Roosevelt and London.","Something like that. You know, the way I pictured it was those, you know, those Preston Sturges movies where, you know, it's almost like an Anglophilic-New York accent.","Oh, we use to call it Long Island lockjaw."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The way Alan Feuer spoke was unusual or unique.","questions":"What was the conversation between PersonA and Alan Feuer like?","answer":"Conversation"}
{"text":["No, I didn't think they were racially motivated. They were just wrong. The president actually was referring to my opposition to the war in Iraq and suggesting somehow that I have not consistently opposed the war in Iraq.","Everybody who's looked at my track record knows that from 2002, when I made a speech in front of 3,000 people saying the war in Iraq was a mistake. Until today, I have consistently been opposed to this war.","And so the president, I think, was massaging the truth a little bit, and that's part of sort of standard Washington politics. But I think, at this point, you know, we're - we just want to move forward and make sure that we are talking about the issues that people are struggling with and particularly in economy right now that is teetering on the edge of recession.","That was Illinois Senator Barack Obama."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In the statement, \"the president...was massaging the truth a little bit,\" the implied meaning is that the president was not telling the truth or was being dishonest. The phrase \"massaging the truth\" is a figurative expression that means to manipulate or distort the truth. It is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as a way to express skepticism or doubt about the president's claims.","questions":"How did Obama describe the president's action?","answer":"Dishonest"}
{"text":["And how do you?","So what we found works the best is you need champions within that community. You need strong, influential voices that are going to say we need to accept these girls and women back, and the children. These are victims, it was not their fault. They're part and parcel of our society. So what we do is we identify not just the traditional religious and community leaders, but also those who have an influential voice amongst the women in particular in the community, so that they can become those carriers of the messages that these girls, these women, they deserve our support. They deserve our acceptance back. And then we can open up community dialogues so that people - we can't just dismiss that communities have fear. We must address it head on and allow communities to express those fears, but with religious and traditional leaders providing that voice of reason and tolerance so that these girls and women can come back into their communities.","Rachel Harvey of UNICEF in Nigeria. Thanks for joining us.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is expressing appreciation for the opportunity of being able to discuss the issue.","questions":"Which speaker expressed the need for strong and influential voices to accept girls, women, and children back into their community?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Do you think the Trump administration has achieved that with this action?I mean, do you see them as having a coherent strategy in your view to bring Assad to the table?","No, I don't, and that's the problem. So the strikes were successful in the sense that we follow through on our word. But what now?There doesn't seem to be an answer to some of these larger questions that we were just discussing. Like, where do we go from here?What is our end goal in Syria?What are we doing about the humanitarian situation?Are we going to accept more refugees, or are we going to try to allow people to go back into their homes?Are we going to push for another political - a round of political talks like the ones we had in Geneva or not?These are some of the big questions that I think the administration should be thinking about right now and should be planning for rather than focusing just on the use of chemical weapons and the immediate reaction to that.","Jasmine El-Gamal is a senior fellow at the Atlantic Council, and she joined us from Beirut. Thank you so very much.","Thanks, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The administration should be planning for the future and not just focusing on immediate reactions","questions":"How should the administration focus?","answer":"Future"}
{"text":["I think - and this is important to be aware of - you know, ISIS changed its messaging over time. And so there was women who went at different times, responding to different aspects of that appeal.","But I think a big part of the history that we have to remember is, in the Middle East, you know, ISIS unfolding in the wake of the collapse of the Arab Spring. And women were really central to those uprisings, to those protests. They didn't have a lot of - there was not a lot of space for women in a lot of the repressive orders in those countries before the 2011 revolutions. And you know, one by one, those collapsed into civil war, into greater repression. I think in the aftermath of that, ISIS emerged.","And for some young women in those societies, it was that just order. Those kind of dashed hopes were exploited. And part of the appeal of ISIS, I think, in those early days in countries like Tunisia and for girls like Nour, was that there was no other way to be politically active, to be a feminist of any kind. It was the only door that was open.","I was about to mention the story of Nour. She was a high school dropout from Tunisia. And you make the point in the book that she was sort of rebelling against a secular state. And it was her way of expressing her female identity."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Isis began just as the Arab's began to collapse or at least lose popularity.","questions":"What was the context of Nour's decision to join ISIS?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["So there's a hard position, and there's also a soft position. But at this point, really, how do they engage?'Cause what are they engaging with?","Well, let me ask you about something you said. You said there's hesitancy about decoupling. Are there voices within China that say, maybe we should pursue a more isolationist trade strategy?Is that what that means, decoupling?","China, actually - to be honest with you, this is a Sputnik moment for them. They're not going to talk decoupling now but, actually, they're working on it. This has served China to be a real wakeup call that you can't depend on the U. S. , and you can't be dependent on the U. S. , whether it's for agriculture goods or whether for technology. And so they've been doing this for years, and now they're just redoubling their efforts to get suppliers from different parts of the world. And also, Xi Jinping talks a lot about self-reliance.","I mean, when you talk about China beginning to redouble efforts to become more economically independent, to build up their own, say, technology industry, do they have the capacity to do that, and how long would it take?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : hard position means that someone won't change their opinion on something, where as soft position means they have an opinion but it could change.","questions":"Which position could change according to the statement mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Soft."}
{"text":["And in addition to all else, the administration's actually delaying an entire piece of the website for another entire year?","That's right. Small businesses were supposed to be able to sign up online to enroll their employees through the federal website starting this month. That was already delayed from October 1st. Now, that won't happen online until next November. They can still compare plans online but they'll have to use paper applications and go through an insurance broker or an agent or an insurance company directly, unless they're one of a handful of states that actually has its small business exchange up and running. The administration's been pretty candid about this. They've said their top priority is to make the website work for consumers first. Pretty much everything else taking a back seat.","NPR's Julie Rovner. Thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In (2), the speaker is discussing the delay in the implementation of an online enrollment system for small businesses through the federal website. While the speaker is providing a factual description of the delay, the implied meaning is that this delay is causing inconvenience and frustration for small business owners who now have to resort to paper applications and other means to enroll their employees. The speaker also suggests that the administration's priority is to make the website work for consumers first, implying that the needs of small businesses are not being prioritized.","questions":"Which group is facing inconvenience due to the delay in the implementation of the online enrollment system?","answer":"Small-businesses"}
{"text":["Yeah. And, of course, the child actors and their parents want success, too, don't they?They're ambitious.","They're ambitious. They want what it appears is coming easily to everyone else. I was incredibly lucky. My mother was not a stage parent. The boundaries weren't blurred between her career and mine. There are a lot of parents out there willing to look away to let things happen.","The more heartbreaking one to me - no, it's just a different form of heartbreaking - are the parents who are just ignorant to how this business works. And they can be told something like, oh, we all go out to dinner together. Oh, now it's just me and the boy, or now it's just me and the girl.","Among the sentences in your article that chilled me was this one - sexual predation has been part of the movie business since \"The Great Train Robbery,\" and since then, it has been systematically swept under the rug."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 4) \"B: Every now and then in the family, if we want to gently or comically upbraid each other, we go, (imitating accent) your ganache lacks shine.\" implies that B and their family use the phrase \"your ganache lacks shine\" as a comical way of teasing or joking with each other. The literal meaning is just a description of B's words and actions.     Was this response better or worse? Better Worse Same","questions":"How does PersonB's family use the phrase \"your ganache lacks shine\"?","answer":"Teasing"}
{"text":["Well, I have. You know, I was born and raised here in San Diego, and we just love it. But yeah, if - regardless of where the location would be, I would be willing to go anywhere - anywhere in the world for that matter, Afghanistan, Pakistan, anywhere that somebody may be able to offer me a job.","I saw some photographs of you in your condo. You've been packing up there, and I noticed behind the moving boxes, hanging in the window were some Christmas lights and some red ribbons. Are you still going to find some ways to celebrate the holidays despite everything that's going on?","Oh, sure. You know, I mean, the last couple of Christmases haven't been all the greatest, you know, because of the situation as well. And so, we're almost kind of getting used to it, but this one just hurts especially bad. But my wife and I are members of the Salvation Army church in Alcahone. You know, so, you know, we haven't forgotten really what Christmas is all about.","It's not about us and each other and the gifts, and at least that's what we want to think right now. But we're really just remembering the birth of our savior."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to be raised somewhere means your parents brought you somewhere as a kid and lived there for a long amount of time","questions":"What is the reason for PersonA's willingness to go anywhere in the world for a job?","answer":"Offer."}
{"text":["Are you going to zap it and drill it?Because I know you have a big drill onboard, too.","Yes, we will. We hope to. The idea of this drive is to give us time to check out the rest of the sampling hardware. We will be able to take ChemCam laser measurements as we go, but we do need to do a little bit more work to check out the scoop, for example, and the drill. And so that'll take us, you know, probably another month or so to get all that hardware checked out.","By that point, we hope to be at the - in the area of the Glenelg area, and so it'll be good timing to try to get our first samples.","So you'll be testing out while you're moving, along the way?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B said zap it and drill it by zap they mean by firing a laser. ","questions":"How does PersonB define \"zap\" in this context?","answer":"Firing"}
{"text":["And this week on Africa update, we have more on the political crisis in Kenya. President Bush has pledged aid to Africa, but is it enough?And France extends an olive branch to Rwanda.","For more on all of this, we've got Bill Fletcher. He is a senior scholar with the Institute for Policy Studies and former president of TransAfrica Forum. Hi, Bill.","Hey.","So we just heard Ofeibea Quist-Arcton's report, very vivid report on the violence in Kenya's Rift Valley area. Can you tell us a bit more about that area?Give us some background on the ethnic groups that live there."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Although the question is asking for background information on the ethnic groups that live in Kenya's Rift Valley area, the implied meaning behind this turn is that Bill Fletcher is being asked to provide context and further information on the political crisis and violence in Kenya,","questions":"Which area?","answer":"Rift-Valley"}
{"text":[". . . Battles. Yes. It was bloody, but it was also joyous because we're - all three of us - just super fans of Nancy Hale's.","I mean, people always ask fiction writers - as you would know better than anyone - how much of your writing, how much of your protagonist is you. And writers always say, it's fiction. You know, I made it all up. But you write that with Hale, it's - it actually really matters to know what her life story was when you're reading these stories.","You know, every story that a fiction writer writes has something of them in them. And I had to go through her story and sort of understand where they came from in her life. She wrote so close to the bone to her own life in many ways, and you can see herself in her characters in these stories - in a lot of them.","All right. So let's get to some of the stuff she writes about because she writes about things that are uncomfortable to discuss today in 2019 - must have been incredibly edgy at the time she was writing some of these. She writes about mothers feeling ambivalent about their children. She writes about how oppressive marriage can be. She writes beautifully about female desire. I actually wanted to let you read a little bit from one of her stories, titled \"Midsummer. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : her stories were not what people were usually reading and the topics of them were not what was normally talked about.","questions":"Which word describes the topics of Nancy Hale's stories?","answer":"Unique"}
{"text":["The majority of them are coming from sub-Saharan Africa. They're trying to make the very perilous Mediterranean crossing to Europe. They're seeking jobs, a better life. They're fleeing conflict. Unfortunately the Europeans have this closed-door policy where they're basically putting these migrants back into Libya, basically subcontracting the migrant policy to Libyan militias. The migrants are kept in a series of horrid detention centers where they're subjected to torture, abuse, forced labor. And with this recent war, their situation has just gotten worse.","Stay with the recent war for a second because I want you to put what has just happened into the context of what is happening more broadly in Libya, which of course has been stuck in civil war for many years now. But this latest outbreak of violence began just in April. Is that right?","That's right - on April 4 when the militia forces aligned with General Khalifa Haftar - he's a renegade general - launched an attack on the internationally recognized government in Tripoli. He was claiming to liberate the capital from militias. But in fact, it was really just a power grab, and it's plunged the country into another round of civil war - horrendous conditions for civilians, over 700 deaths and thousands of people displaced from their homes.","And I'm wondering how to square the situation now with - I remember interviewing you last year. You had a new book just out on Libya. You were telling me. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The \"closed door\" policy does not actually involve any doors, but implies that Europe is unwelcoming to immigrants","questions":"Which policy is being subcontracted to Libyan militias?","answer":"Migrant"}
{"text":["Oh, gosh. I. . .","Do you have over a thousand?","I can tell you in gigabytes. I have 40 GB of music.","Forty gigabytes. OK, so you're - I mean, you're doing pretty good. I mean, the average person actually carries around 1,700 songs. I had no idea, I don't carry that many songs with me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A is asking B if they have over a thousand songs.","questions":"What is the amount of music PersonB has in gigabytes?","answer":"40"}
{"text":["So in your polling, in your research, do you find that it's going to come down to maybe a couple thousand votes from these unaffiliated voters and on what issues?Or will they vote?","It is likely at the moment to be a very narrow victory. President Bush won in 2004 with five percent. That was 100,000 votes. In other words, if it is one percent, that would be 20,000 votes, and right now, the polls are moving around in just single percentage points. So it could be that narrow.","Now, I have read that Colorado is going to be this year's Florida and Ohio, that this is going to be the state that decides the election.","I think it could be, and the interesting thing is that Obama and Palin were both in Jefferson County a couple of days ago, indicating that there may be actually even a county that could be looked at to be beyond an entire state."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning of the turn is different from its literal meaning. The turn is using hyperbole to suggest that the county of Jefferson in Colorado could be a key factor in deciding the election, despite the fact that it is only one of many counties in the state and there are other swing states in the election.","questions":"What rhetorical device is used in turn 3 to suggest the significance of Jefferson County in the election?","answer":"Swing"}
{"text":["Thanks, Scott.","What's the latest - quick shutdown or will it last?","It became pretty clear by early evening on Friday that there would be a shutdown, so it sort of began with a whimper. Members had already adjourned and gone home at midnight when the shutdown officially started. Where we're at as the bill is in the Senate, and Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell has said the next vote is going to be on what can pass. And that is a bill that's going to need to be able to overcome a 60 vote hurdle and have the guarantee from President Trump that he will sign it. Negotiations are expected to continue through the weekend. In the House, lawmakers have been told that they'll be given 24 hours' notice before there's a vote. What needs to happen is one party is going to have to blink. Either Republicans and the president are going to have to agree to less money for the wall or Democrats are going to have to agree to it but try to extract some kind of compromise to make it something they can support. You know, the wall has just become just this volatile political symbol of this presidency. So it's added and loaded of all the politics between the two parties that doesn't make compromise very easy on this.","And it's the third - the third shutdown in a year. This is becoming a habit. Remind us how the federal government and citizens are affected by a shutdown like this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A government shutdown affects the government and its citizens negatively.","questions":"Which group of people is impacted by a government shutdown?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Thank you.","Are there drawbacks to this kind of partnership?","Are there drawbacks to partnering with Bashar al-Assad?None that I can think of, Scott.","None that I can - of course, there are practical drawbacks. Which is to say when you partner or with a lying terrorist, it's not a stable relationship. They're not really good at stable relationships except with other lying terrorists. And there are profound moral consequences to this. And you know, you don't envy Barack Obama in this situation because he doesn't want to be a partner - in a perverse way, partner - with this terrible man and this terrible regime. On the other hand, if you can remove the chemical weapons from Syria, and that's an enormous if, who wouldn't jump at that chance?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A acknowledges there are practical drawbacks to partnering with a lying terrorist like Bashar al-Assad, but also highlights the moral consequences of such a partnership and the difficulty of navigating the situation.","questions":"What kind of drawbacks does PersonA acknowledge when partnering with Bashar al-Assad?","answer":"Practical"}
{"text":["And?","And it got huge. I don't know.","What happens?How does something go viral on Craigslist?I don't even know.","I don't know. I mean, I tweeted about it, and then it started getting passed around. And, you know, people started writing posts on blogs. I think someone called it, like, the most beautiful Craigslist missed connection post ever.","(Laughter) That's a very competitive category."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : viral implies that the information spread around quickly to other people","questions":"Which category?","answer":"Category"}
{"text":["Right. And people in Detroit and in Michigan have seen that up close. Detroit is one of the country's leading cities for foreclosures, and people have just seen the values of their houses plummet there. What do you hear from your readers?","Well, they're very angry. And the next question is, well, who are they angry at?And the answer seems to be, well, who's available. If McCain is doing a swing through the suburbs today, they'll be mad at McCain. If the Democratic governor of Michigan, Jennifer Granholm, visits Detroit, they'll be mad at her. Both candidates still have favorable ratings above 50 percent. That's a little bit at variance with what I'm hearing anecdotally from readers. They seem much more polarized than that, and the Obama people seem much more hateful towards McCain and vice versa.","And what do they want to hear from the candidates?","They want to hear how the candidates are going to stem the hemorrhaging of manufacturing jobs in Michigan or alternatively, what they're going to replace those jobs with. Michigan has been struggling with job losses, foreclosures and high unemployment for well over a year now. And there's anger, but there's also a little bit of numbness at the constant patter of bad news."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"swing through the suburbs\" - actual meaning: visit the suburbs","questions":"What is McCain doing?","answer":"Swing"}
{"text":["So, this isn't someone who is just - and forgive a homey analogy for our listeners - this isn't someone who is just the Michael Jordan of Indian cricket. This is somebody who is the Michael Jordan times five, six or ten.","Probably yes, exactly. All - the Babe Ruth, Mickey Mantle, Lou Gehrig all combined. I don't know which other icons to come with from which sport that Americans relate to. And he somehow managed to be uncontaminated by scandal, by controversy in a sport that's been laden with examples of both. And his rise, in a sense, became tied up with or almost emblematic of India's own rise to ascension on the world stage. When Sachin Tendulkar made his debut for India in 1989 at the age of 16, India was still a developing country, a poor country, one with lots of problems, a semi-closed economy, that still called itself socialist. All of these problems. And then India liberalized in 1991 with the end of the Cold War and the major change in financial calculations and political philosophy in the country, and that coincided with Sachin's rise. So, India rose and Sachin rose, and he leaves just as our economy has also begun to tank a bit over the last year or two.","Shashi, what happens to a star of this magnitude in the retirement?Any idea?","Well, amusingly enough, my government nominated him to our Upper House. We have an Upper House that's weaker than your Senate.","You know, Shashi, let me simply interject: very few things are weaker than our Senate at the moment, but go ahead."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Is there any idea what happens to a star of this magnitude in the retirement?","questions":"Which government position was Sachin Tendulkar nominated for after retirement?","answer":"Upper"}
{"text":["Oh yes.","I just wonder if you have any thoughts about that, seeing the kind of presence of film versus what digital does nowadays.","We were shooting slides, chromes. So, it's easier to do these things, but you still need the eye, you need the reflexes, you really have to have a compositional sense. So, the expression is everyone is a photographer. Well, it does take a professional. I have to admit.","Michael Philip Manheim, the photographer, joining us from member station WBUR in Boston. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Well, it does take a professional\" - the actual meaning here is that not everyone can be a good photographer, even with the advancements in technology. The speaker is contradicting the expression \"everyone is a photographer\" and emphasizing the importance of having a professional eye and compositional sense.","questions":"Which expression is being contradicted by the speaker in turn 2?","answer":"Photographer"}
{"text":["We're in the last few weeks of the Supreme Court's current term, and justices still have loads of decisions to hand down - two dozen, to be precise. And some of those may come as soon as Monday. We'll bring in NPR's legal affairs correspondent Nina Totenberg. Nina, thanks so much for being with us.","My pleasure, as always, Scott.","Twenty-four cases in which there are no decision. I gather a dozen could be of particular interest. Which ones do you most anticipate?","Well, there are three big ones. The first is what I call the cross case. This is a giant cross on public property in Bladensburg, Md. It's a World War I war memorial. And civil libertarians have objected to it because they see the cross as a symbol of Christianity and that it ought to be on private property, maintained with private funds, not taxpayer money. We're going to see what the court does with that. My suspicion is that they're going to let the cross stand. And whatever they write probably will have a lot of impact on religious symbol cases in the future."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The supreme court has a great many decisions to make on cases.","questions":"Which correspondent was interviewed by Scott for NPR's legal affairs?","answer":"Nina"}
{"text":["Yeah, well, in fact, what our(ph) antihydrogen atoms bump into when we release them is gold. The inside of our apparatus is gold-plated, so they're actually hitting gold nuclei. So what happens is the antiquarks in the antiproton finds some quarks in a gold nucleus and annihilate with those. The amount of energy released is about the same, right?You're annihilating the rest mass of the antiproton on the same rest mass of the quarks that make up the nucleus.","So does the gold get changed any way from. . .","Not in any way that you would measure macroscopically, right, but - because we're talking about, we trap one atom at a time, right?So there's no macroscopic effect that you would be able to measure. But for us, that's a microscopically violent event, right?There's a lot of energy released, and we're pretty good at detecting that so we can actually see the energy release when you lose one atom of antihydrogen. By the way, you couldn't do that with hydrogen. If hydrogen hits the wall, nothing happens, right?So this is one way that antimatter is actually fun to work with.","When you shoot that radiation at it to flip it around, does it self-annihilate against the wall?Is that what happens?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Antimatter is fun to work with because of its violent microscopically violent events.","questions":"How is antimatter described microscopically?","answer":"Violent"}
{"text":["Immigration proponents hope that if we care as much about poor people outside the United States as we do about poor people inside the United States, we'll raise the level of care for both. We've seen, instead, as we have become more cosmopolitan in our sympathies, we've ended up caring as little for fellow Americans as for people everywhere.","It is precisely because we are not honoring our commitments and our promises and our obligations to our fellow Americans that I'm urging people to have a stronger sense of social solidarity. And the way you get that stronger sense of social solidarity is by making the meaning of Americanism stronger, and that means making it more of a national community. And communities have boundaries between themselves and the rest of the world.","You ground a lot of your argument, though, in white Americans' fears, really, about a country that's getting less white. So is limiting immigration the answer?I mean, doesn't that just play into those fears and then legitimize them?","I don't ground very much of my argument on that at all. What I ground my argument upon is a tendency of the human mind, perceived by psychologists in people of all backgrounds, to be stressed by rapid change."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is trying to indirectly communicate a message or request to the listener.","questions":"How does the speaker convey their message?","answer":"Indirectly"}
{"text":["Good morning, Don.","So, we're talking about two senior officials here - the director of Navy intelligence and the Navy's top intelligence officer. Pretty amazing.","It really is amazing, Don. It's important to note it has nothing to do with their current jobs in Naval intelligence at the Pentagon. It was in their earlier jobs in the Pacific, the area where the investigation began. Yeah, we have Vice Admiral Ted Branch, who's a director of Naval intelligence. He was commanding an aircraft carrier strike group in the region; and also Vice Admiral Bruce Loveless, now serving as director of intelligence operations. He was serving in that area as well. And the allegations against him we're told involve personal misconduct. We don't have a sense of exactly what that is, but the other officer is charged, so far in the case, have been charged with kickbacks and bribes. It's important to note here, the admirals have not been relieved of command or had their security clearances pulled, but, again, they no longer have access to classified information and are now on leave.","So, remind us how this scandal has developed."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implies that the situation is incredible and shocking, rather than simply saying that it is amazing.","questions":"Which word describes the situation as more than just amazing?","answer":"Incredible"}
{"text":["It's out of sight. It's really high. We have actual concentrations and standards that are somewhere like four, five times lower than that. So, these are all very, very high numbers, even when they're low on the Chinese scale.","It sounds as though you could project things ahead for the beginning of the Olympics. What would you expect?","Well, it's pretty good right now. But I've just been looking at the extended forecast for winds, and the middle of next week, things are going to change quite radically, around the 3rd or the 4th. The big high-pressure system from out over the Pacific is going to kick in, and that's going to produce strong winds coming over the polluted areas to the south of Beijing, and it's going to pick up a lot of pollution. And according to these forecasts, it's going to be a pretty dirty end of next week. And unfortunately, that coincides with the Opening Ceremonies a week from today.","Ken, these are official Chinese numbers that you're working with, and you are sitting there in Rhode Island looking at these. Are the numbers trustworthy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Can you trust the accuracy of the Chinese air pollution numbers?","questions":"How reliable are the Chinese air pollution numbers?","answer":"Trustworthy"}
{"text":[". . . To be biased against the LGBTQ community. What's your response to that?","Well, first of all, my response is - I'll take this from one of the independent people who responded to me saying, that's all I need to know about Beto O'Rourke. And this guy's out shopping for a candidate that he can support. But he said, if Beto doesn't want to come and speak to a group like yours, he goes, I don't need to listen to anything more. When Mayor Pete Buttigieg comes out and says, you know, we're definitely going to consider the invitation, I think that opens up people's minds.","But the other thing I would say - and it's one of the reasons we're doing this forum and inviting Democrats - is instead of casting out rhetoric about, well, these guys believe in one man, one-woman marriage, these guys believe God has a design for sexuality, let's go to what the reality of it is. Even on deep disagreements, I think America needs to see that we can fundamentally disagree without being disagreeable or without being hateful and divisive.","How do you respond to the fact that many people who adhere to other religious traditions - progressive religious traditions or even religious traditions outside of Christianity - consider the current administration demeaning, abusive to people outside of a group of core supporters?And they are troubled and hurt by the fact that white evangelicals are such a strong base of support for this president when he engages in conduct that they consider so hurtful. How should they think about that?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are implying what is your opinion ","questions":"Which independent person's response did PersonA mention to support their opinion regarding Beto O'Rourke's bias against the LGBTQ community?","answer":"Independent"}
{"text":["Every president in his or - his - well, I should say his or her. Every president in their first year has an unexpected crisis, whether it's national security, a natural disaster, domestic unrest. This is certainly shaping up to be Donald Trump's unexpected crisis. And I think he realizes that. And the stakes are getting higher, and I think that's why he's lashing out more because I think he realizes what's going on.","It's moved to the capital. As we said Secretary Price has resigned, but at least three more Cabinet members face similar accusations about charter jets. Whatever happened to them, can the Trump administration say they'll drain the swamp when they seem to be flying over it in private jets?","You, know, this reminds me of that line from \"The Godfather\" about Mr.  Corleone likes his bad news early. Donald Trump is not like bad news. And this was starting to spread to other cabinet members, obviously. And I think the we'll-see when he was asked whether Trump - I mean, whether Price should resign was his way of signaling, yes. And sure enough, Tom Price offered his resignation. And unlike the Session's case, the president accepted it because I think he sees this for the irony that it is of his own cabinet doing what he campaigned exactly against.","Is the Republican Party offering much of a profile of leadership at the moment?- can't get Repeal and Replace passed, the tax code seems - proposal seems fuzzy, federal response seems to certainly be slow if not negligent in Puerto Rico. We could go on."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - The actual meaning is that the Trump administration is facing criticism for their use of private jets, which goes against their promise to \"drain the swamp\" and reduce government corruption.","questions":"How does the Trump administration's use of private jets contradict their promise?","answer":"Corruption"}
{"text":["Well, it's about four, five, six percent. But we also asked questions about whether or not people would change their minds. You can add an additional about 20 percent of voters who are picking a candidate in the month of September, but are still saying they might change their mind how they're going to vote. When you add those two numbers together, you get almost to a quarter of the electorate in Ohio that could change its mind between now and Election Day.","And the number one issue, as it is in many places in the country, the economy?","The economy is the number one issue. And one of the things that makes it very difficult for a candidate to campaign in Ohio is that when they come to Ohio to talk about the economy, they can't just talk about a single aspect. When you talk to folks in the northern part of the state, northeast Ohio which includes Cleveland, and northwest Ohio which includes Toledo, when you're talking about the economy there, oftentimes the discussion is about trade.","When you talk about the economy in southwest Ohio, which is the Cincinnati area, there's much less talk about trade, and more discussion about wages and the salaries that people are making. The southeast area of the state, which is also known in part because of the Appalachian history of that part of the state, has high unemployment. A number of counties in southeast Ohio have double-digit unemployment. Many people in that region are talking about and focused on unemployment, solely as their economic concern."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"could change its mind\" - actual meaning: might change their opinion or decision","questions":"Which word describes the potential variability of voters in Ohio?","answer":"change"}
{"text":["Well, we are looking at some very basic notions. We're not going to get into all the fine technicalities of the Geneva Conventions. But things like deliberately killing civilians or shooting at ambulances or hospitals or doctors or mistreating prisoners, torture, things like that.","So, for example, somebody - I hate to use the term - player in the game harms civilians, some kind of price could be exacted from the score?","Actually, there are games which do that now. In one game, for example, a company that we've worked with, if you start shooing indiscriminately at civilians, someone from your own side may start shooting at you.","And have you or other officials of the International Committee of the Red Cross spoken with video game producers?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) has an actual meaning different from its literal meaning. The speaker is discussing how video games can impose consequences for harming civilians in-game, and how this is similar to the rules set by the Geneva Conventions in real-life conflicts. The implied meaning is that video game developers have a responsibility to consider the consequences of their game mechanics and the messages they send to players.","questions":"Which responsibility is implied for video game developers?","answer":"Responsibility"}
{"text":["You know, you're helping a lot of people, Mr.  Mayor.","Well, I hope I am. I don't see it, and that's what scares me most of all. We care about everybody. We have to reach out for all of them and try to be successful for them to help them be that support deal for them. It's not a positive day every day, but you have to make it into one.","The mayor of Fulton, Texas, Jimmy Kendrick - thanks so much for being with us, Mr.  Mayor. Good luck to you.","Well, I appreciate it. And just keep us in your prayers. It's always nice to have a prayer given for us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"Just keep us in your prayers\" - This implies that the mayor is asking for support from those listening, which is different from the literal meaning of the sentence.","questions":"Which sentence shows that the mayor is asking for help in a different way than what is literally said?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["Exactly right. The jet stream - if you remember last year, when we kind of had a winter with no winter, we had a jet stream that was very zonal, meaning it came across the time zones from west to east, and it kind of stayed right along the Canadian-U. S.  border, and that's kind of the separation between the cold air and the warm air. So we were on the southern part of the jet stream, and so we were very warm all winter long.","Now with this Sudden Stratospheric Warming event and the disruption of the circum-polar vortex, our jet stream has started to buckle and meander quite a bit. And so now instead of going primarily from west to east, we have a big north and south component of that jet stream, allowing cities like Anchorage to be very warm while New York City or even areas in Georgia are much colder than Anchorage.","Georgia was 32 degrees when Anchorage was 48.","Wow, is this the same thing that happened a couple of years ago, or am I just imagining this?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : to imagine something in this context means something was unbelievable to the person but it still happened","questions":"How was the concept of imagining described in the context of the dialogue?","answer":"Unbelievable"}
{"text":["So, what do you make of all these pardons?","These pardons are a typical old practice in Russia and the Soviet Union. But, of course, President Vladimir Putin made a wonderful publicity show of pardoning Mikhail Khodorkovsky and this was totally unexpected. There had been talk about another trial against him. And instead, now he's already in Germany.","Let me ask you about what seemed to be, from Mr.  Putin's point of view, a productive week. Ukraine's government, after weeks of some wavering, decided not to sign an agreement with the European Union and instead threw in with the economic aid package from Moscow. How do you read that?","Well, I think it's quite a victory for President Putin and also for President Yanukovych. What President Putin got, it was some kind of alliance with Ukraine. And he also got support for his kind of economic and political system, rather authoritarian and not quite run by the rule of law. And President Yanukovych, he got $50 million in a probably quite expensive loan, which means that he can keep going for 15 months more, until he has presidential elections in Ukraine.","I'm curious as to why Ukraine seems to be teetering. Because when the USSR split up, a lot of people said this is going to be a country with a lot going for it - almost 50 million people; it was considered the breadbasket of the old Soviet Union; coal, steel. What's happened?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : B: \"Because when the USSR split up, a lot of people said this is going to be a country with a lot going for it\" - The literal meaning of this statement is that people had high expectations for Ukraine after the Soviet Union dissolved. The actual meaning could be that despite Ukraine's potential and resources, its political and economic instability has hindered its progress.","questions":"How does turn 4 imply Ukraine's current situation?","answer":"Instability"}
{"text":["That's a wonderful section that helps us understand how their worlds were shaken up. They were safe, but on the other hand. . .","Well, on the other hand, they were sent all over the country to households who often weren't expecting them and the children themselves didn't know where they were going. They didn't know which town they were going to, who they would be staying with, whether they would be staying with friends or even their siblings. It was extraordinary.","And there were a lot of schemers. There were families who would take them in just because it increased their food coupons.","There were, indeed. And in fact, quite a lot of the research for my book - well, it certainly started with a newspaper called The St.  Albans Advertiser - and I kept on stumbling across scams. I've got one here, actually. This is directly from the newspaper. She has shown considerable ingenuity by her forgeries. Giving a false address and using the names of children that do not exist made the matter very difficult to detect. This was somebody called Doris Evelyn Hart (ph) who was claiming a billeting allowance for six children who weren't staying with her. And this was very common because you got, actually, a decent weekly wage for taking in an evacuated child."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B: \"There were a lot of schemers\" - The literal meaning of \"schemer\" is someone who makes secret plans to do something harmful or illegal. In this context, it refers to families who took in evacuated children for financial gain, which is not necessarily illegal but is morally questionable.","questions":"Which word describes the families who took in evacuated children for financial gain in the context of the dialogue?","answer":"Schemers"}
{"text":["And to tell you the truth, I still feel so very, very sorry for that little girl, you know, for her utter helplessness. And that has made me really empathize with children and with situations where human beings become like children in terms of becoming utterly helpless. If anything good came out of that incident, was realizing that you need to empathize with these situations, and you need as much as it is in your power to try and prevent such things happening, not just child molestation, but being put in a position where you have no choice.","I mean, it's interesting that your previous book was ostensibly about the book \"Lolita. \"","Yeah, you're right.","Well, I'm just wondering, I mean, do you see yourself personally in Lolita?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is suggesting that the topic of child molestation in A's previous book might be related to A's personal experiences, given the similarities to the themes in Lolita","questions":"How is PersonB connecting PersonA's previous book to PersonA's personal experiences?","answer":"connecting"}
{"text":["This sounds pretty controversial and like something we want to hear about.","Yeah, it sounds really futuristic, doesn't it?","It does. It does. Let's start with the basics, though. When we say scientists want to synthesize genetic codes of living organisms - that's a big mouthful - including humans, what do we mean exactly?","Yeah. So you know, scientists know how to read the genetic code. What they want to do now is what they call write the genetic code, write DNA. And what that means is they essentially want to assemble or manufacture genomes from the chemical building blocks it's made of for all kinds of living organisms, including, as you said, people. And they want to be able do it in their labs quickly, efficiently and cheaply so it becomes something really practical and easy to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"Yeah, it sounds really futuristic, doesn't it?\" Implicated meaning: The speaker believes that the topic being discussed sounds like it belongs in the future.","questions":"Which word suggests the PersonA's opinion of the topic being discussed?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["What has made Megan Rapinoe the standout name for the United States in these games?","Gosh, everything about her, both on the pitch and off. So she scored all four U. S.  goals in these last two games.","Wow.","She has been outspoken throughout her career on human rights and LGBTQ issues. She made headlines for a spicy comment she made earlier this year when she said, there is no bleeping way I'm going to the White House if the team wins the World Cup. And Trump responded with some angry tweets of his own. She is brilliant in play, her strategy, her execution. She is a clear fan favorite. Let me read you (laughter), the headline on Deadspin, on the website Deadspin, when the U. S.  beat host country France in their last game. Here's what they said - \"Purple-Haired Lesbian Goddess Flattens France Like A Crepe. \"","OK, wow."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : spicy comment means in this context that the person said something controversial","questions":"Which issue has Megan Rapinoe been outspoken about throughout her career?","answer":"LGBTQ"}
{"text":["That's what bothers me. That's what bothers me big time. Whereas Obama does come across as definitely more stately, more of a statesman, more of a, you know, someone you'd want in the White House. And that's my dilemma. It's - I would love to vote Republican, but I'm just not convinced this is going to - that would fly. So it's almost like I'm going to toss a coin.","Barbara Zimmerman, an undecided, although less so, voter in Ohio. Barbara, thank you.","Thank you.","I do hear people ask of these undecideds, what are you waiting for?We're collecting answers at the show's blog, npr. org\/daydreaming. Who's undecided and why. Npr. org\/daydreaming. More to come."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A prefers Obama over the Republican candidate but is hesitant to vote for him.","questions":"Which candidate is PersonA hesitant to vote for?","answer":"Republican"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Well, what was the reasoning by Judge T. S. Ellis?","Well, Ellis made clear in his sentencing that Manafort's crimes are serious. He wanted to spell that out clearly. We're talking about tax fraud, failing to disclose a foreign bank account and bank fraud. The tax fraud, in particular, Ellis said is basically stealing from every American who pays taxes. That's a serious crime.","But Ellis also said that, you know, you take all sorts of factors into consideration when coming up with a sentence - general deterrence, you look at the entirety of a defendant's life. And he said, in Manafort's case, he's a first-time offender. Otherwise, blameless life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Otherwise, blameless life.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is a statement about Manafort's past behavior, but its actual meaning is to mitigate his crimes and argue for a more lenient sentence.","questions":"Which word is used to mitigate Manafort's crimes and argue for a more lenient sentence?","answer":"Blameless"}
{"text":["This was during the Gilded Age, and this - you know, the original 1-percenters in this country. They wanted - especially Western Pennsylvania - I mean, steel moved this country. Steel helped build this country in the industrial age. And that steel was in Western Pennsylvania and throughout Pennsylvania - and the titans of steel and of coal and railroads. And they wanted a club that their compatriots had out West. And so they created the South Fork Hunt and Fish Club. And they wanted to be able to go out boating and fishing. And so they're in the Conemaugh Valley. They dammed up a river, created an earthen dam. But it was not well prepared. And the people were concerned about it. And they said this dam could fail. And if this dam fails, it would be catastrophic.","There was a lot of rain, wasn't there?","I mean, we talk about rain of biblical proportions. I mean, it was more than a foot of rain. But the problem was in the engineering of the dam. There was no way to - on a methodical basis - to be able to release water. The water just kept coming over the spillway and eroding the face of the dam, which was holding in all the rock and stone. And that gave way. Within 40 minutes, 20 million tons of water was emptied and heading down the Conemaugh Valley at about 40 to 50 miles per hour.","And as the water threatened to burst through - of course, in those days, no radio, no TV, no Twitter."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Biblical proportions of rain were a contributing factor, but the failure of the dam was ultimately due to poor engineering.","questions":"Which factor contributed to the failure of the dam?","answer":"rain"}
{"text":["Now, Steve, everything I've just said has a caveat. OK?As you'd mentioned, yesterday the administration lightened their touch and said American tech firms could keep engaging in existing business with Huawei until mid-August. That's presumably to give some transition or prep time.","Is it really possible that the administration could raise these alarms of Chinese spying through Huawei equipment - that's the scenario they put out - and then just let the business go on?","Sure. That's totally possible. And there would be a precedent for that. Last year, President Trump banned sales to another Chinese phone-maker, ZTE, also citing national security concerns. That basically brought China's president to the bargaining table. And then Trump announced ZTE would pay a billion-dollar fine to do business with America again. So you know, maybe - maybe - the Huawei ban is a move to create leverage. In the last couple of weeks, the Trump administration has increased tariffs on $60 billion worth of Chinese goods, too. China's responded and, you know, tensions are growing.","You have underlined for us how deeply engaged U. S.  companies are already with Huawei, whether it's a small rural phone provider here in the United States or service provider in the United States or whether it's Google operating in Europe. How are tech companies responding?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : lightened their touch implies to say their minds or to speak for everyone to understand and not putting on touch light ","questions":"What does \"lightened their touch\" refer to?","answer":"speaking"}
{"text":["That we've got to put this behind us. If we keep worrying about all that happened and all the things that have been unfair - the whole thing is unfair. We're going to have to move past it and look forward with hope so that we can move on with our lives.","Loren Lighthall is the principal of Paradise High School.","Thank you very much, and we wish you so much luck in your next chapter.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer","questions":"What was the main focus of the conversation?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["This week, during a trip to California, President Trump turned his attention to the homelessness crisis there. Previously, he's criticized the cleanliness of San Francisco's streets. On this trip, he called homelessness in Los Angeles a disaster. And he said, quote, \"we're going to get involved very soon on a federal basis if they don't clean up their act,\" unquote. We wanted to see what the mayor of Los Angeles, Eric Garcetti, had to say about all this. And he is with us now.","Mr.  Mayor, thank you so much for being with us.","Great to be with you, Michel.","President Trump has described the homelessness crisis as a, quote-unquote, \"disgrace to our country. \"And we know based on data from the Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority that homelessness is up 16% over the last year in the city of Los Angeles. Based on that, do you agree with the president's description of the problem?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There is evidence that would support the Presidents statement.","questions":"Which data?","answer":"HomelessAuthority"}
{"text":["If you can find these kinds of primitive organisms, could you find things like evidence of, like, ancient viruses that might have been around?","Well, that's an interesting question, and people have tried to look. The difference between what we've been finding and the virus is that the virus doesn't have a rigid cell wall to protect it. It just invades other things that have cell walls. So it makes it much harder to see and much harder to fossilize. It's often the cell wall or the protective material around it which goes into the fossil record.","But some of my colleagues have thought they have found viral-like structures, sort of polygonal-shaped structures a bit like modern viruses - very, very tiny, but have been unable to convince themselves and other people that no other explanation can be brought forward for these things. So that's still very much an open question.","But it would be nice if we could, but a little bit hard to really confirm it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's hard to find fossil evidence of ancient viruses.","questions":"What is the difference between the virus and what has been found in the fossil record?","answer":"Invades"}
{"text":["I'm not sure. I think, certainly, if the other leading candidate in the Democratic primary, Hillary Clinton, had won, she would also be generating a lot of interest. I think it's, at the end of a two-term presidency, you always get an upsurge anyway. But I think you're right. There's no doubt about it. These are historic elections. And for the same reasons that the American public have gotten so engaged in them, probably some of the same reasons are affecting foreign publics.","You know, there have been a lot of memorable phrases that have come out during this election. Maverick is one word that we've heard a lot, and what about lipstick on a pig?How do you explain that phrase, which seems particularly American, or lipstick on a pitbull?","What is fascinating is that, both those terms that you brought up, I know of cases where people here that work with me with journalists on a day to day basis have been asked to help. One was working with German press and the term Maverick and how could they, you know, where does that come from and so on. And we actually have a researcher that works here and can go back and find, you know, the roots of these different phrases. Even - I speak Spanish pretty well, and even lipstick on a pig, I wouldn't even try.","So, I don't know how they go about trying to kind of - I think they go through a longer two-paragraph explanation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The phrases 'Maverick' and 'lipstick on a pig' are peculiar American expressions that non-Americans may not understand.","questions":"How might non-Americans perceive the American phrases 'Maverick' and 'lipstick on a pig'?","answer":"Peculiar"}
{"text":["Well, as I said, Israel is certainly prepared to possibly deploy that armored brigade for an offensive mission. And, you know, this - Israeli strikes are continuing, and rockets are also continuing right now. And this is a - quite an escalation between the two sides and really a serious one since the 2014 war. That was a war that lasted many weeks. Dozens of Israeli soldiers and several Israeli civilians died. And on the Palestinian side, more than 2,000 people died, including many civilians and also militants.","With the stakes so high, are there negotiations for a cease-fire, do you know?And can you tell us about those and where they stand?","Well, before this current outbreak of violence, Egypt was mediating between the two sides to prevent such hostilities from returning. And those negotiations were meant to exchange calm on the border for Israel lifting certain restrictions in the Gaza Strip, basically to make life more bearable for people in Gaza. And this conflict certainly puts those negotiations at serious risk.","That's reporter Naomi Zeveloff in Tel Aviv. Naomi, thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The negotiations are not standing upright but it means that the person is saying how far the countries have progressed in the negotiation.","questions":"Which direction are the negotiations heading?","answer":"Direction"}
{"text":["So crack down on the doctors, but make sure there's a support system ready for their patients.","Absolutely. And the thing is - and this is so beautiful - is that when you get to watch lives change. For myself, you know, I used to get up every single morning thinking, you know, where am I going to get my pills?And that occupied my entire day. Now, keep in mind, I was a practicing physician. So I had some other things to do. And that's what people who are, you know, who are addicted are facing every single day.","And now, you know, providing them with quality help and watching them change their lives is one of the most fun things that I've ever been involved with. We need to make that opportunity more widespread. We need to decrease the stigma around stepping out and ask for help. And also, Sacha, we need to make evidence-based treatment available without the stigma that goes along with it.","That's Dr.  Steven Loyd. He's based in Nashville, Tenn. Thanks for talking with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"So crack down on the doctors, but make sure there's a support system ready for their patients.\"  The implied meaning of this turn is that while it is necessary to hold doctors accountable for any role they may have played in fueling addiction, it is equally important to ensure that patients receive the necessary support to cope with the aftermath of addiction.","questions":"What is the main concern of turn 0 in regards to addiction treatment?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["Companies like Morgan Stanley, UBS, GE Financial, American Express all plan to use this new facility, and industrial companies will probably follow suit. Now, usually, this is not a market that the government has had any role in, at least as a direct lender. It used to be that these IOU's were bought by financial institutions, money market, mutual funds, and the like. The loans weren't too sexy, they weren't very risky, and the interest rate wasn't anything to write home about.","But all that changed after the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Holders of commercial paper started worrying that these corporate IOU's weren't so safe, so they stopped buying them. And then perfectly healthy businesses have been since finding it difficult and expensive to get hold of cash. So now, the Fed will become the lender of last resort yet again and try to jump start lending by others.","And then so - and loosen the credit, the credit crunch. And so, is this move - will it be more promising than all the others we've seen so far to try to loosen credit?","You know, in short, the answer is yes, with the caveat of probably. Every economist I've talked to or seen quoted today thinks this is a pretty safe move by the Fed. The government simply has to get financial institutions back to lending money more than a day at a time."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Commercial paper holders stopped buying IOU's due to safety concerns after Lehman Brothers' collapse","questions":"How did holders of commercial paper react after Lehman Brothers' collapse?","answer":"Stopped"}
{"text":[". . . Skeptical that the style of these debates does much. It does kind of feed the reality TV-ification (ph) of our politics in the sense that it's more about entertainment. One thing I do think we're all watching for, though, is to see where - what the Democratic Party ultimately is going to stand for in the 2020 election.","You still have this immense sort of intellectual debate going on in the party of whether it's going to move more to the left and be a more progressive party or hold on and try to reclaim or be the party of the center. And we simply don't know the answer to that question yet. And whether the nominee is someone like a Joe Biden or someone like a Bernie Sanders or an Elizabeth Warren is going to be two dramatically different Democratic parties and two dramatically different general elections.","So I think the big topics that we've been hearing a lot in these debates is health care. One thing I think we're going to hear a lot more about in this debate is immigration just because that is an issue that has increasingly been captivating the public because of what's been happening at the U. S. -Mexico border and because of President Trump's immigration policies.","And just briefly, what do you make of the fear that some Democrats have expressed that much of what's being talked about at these debates are sort of the pet causes of the left, which are just not relevant to the general electorate?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Feeding reality tv means that it makes politics seem more like a reality tv show by doing the debates.","questions":"What does the style of the debates feed according to turn 0?","answer":"Reality"}
{"text":["I'm - so far, pretty much silence, but I also think that this is very different from the past allegations. This is something that will be much harder for Republicans to defend without looking even more craven than most voters. . .","OK.",". . . Will tolerate. You know, we can't base our foreign policy on whether foreign leaders are willing to do political favors for the president.","And we'll have to leave it there. Representative Tom Malinowski, Democrat of New Jersey. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"we'll have to leave it there\" implies that the tv show is over.","questions":"How does turn 3 imply the end of the TV show?","answer":"Over"}
{"text":["Right, right. Yeah, I mean, that's the obvious question to ask, and we're not really sure. I mean, the biggest difference is that it's not producing these radio jets at the rate it should be. So typically the central galaxy in a cluster is shooting out these really bright jets that you can see from here in the radio. But this one is giving off - instead of radio, it's giving off a lot of gamma ray and X-ray, and so it seems to be almost confused about what type of black hole it is. It's giving off sort of quasar-like emission rather than this sort of more quiet, more gentle emission.","Hmm, who am I, asks the black hole?","(Unintelligible). How is this cluster discovered?","So it was initially discovered a few years ago by the South Pole Telescope, which is a telescope that's essentially built to find these really massive clusters. And so it looks at light from the Big Bang, which is a background radiation; it looks for shadows in that light. And these clusters are so massive that they're going to cast a shadow in this background radiation. And so that's how this cluster was first found."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The black hole seems confused about its identity.","questions":"How does the black hole emit radiation?","answer":"Gamma"}
{"text":["No. There's no sort of smoking gun theory about that. So our philosophy is anytime you can get your hands on some antimatter, you should take a really careful look. And the best way to do that is with atomic physics techniques to look at the spectrum of antihydrogen. What kind of light does it like to absorb and emit?Is that the same color of light that hydrogen absorbs and emits?","So also in the meantime, we've built a new machine we call ALPHA-2, which is improved and upgraded, that will allow us to actually shine laser light on trapped antihydrogen. So when we come back online in 2014, we have a brand-new machine. We'll have some lasers to shine on it, and it's a really very exciting time for us.","Can you keep it trapped for longer than 16 minutes?","You know, it's not really worth looking because it's long enough. We showed with the microwave experiment that that was long enough. I have to tell you, it's an incredibly boring experiment to do. You know, you trap your antihydrogen. You wait for 16 minutes and you release it. You know, go have a coffee or something while you're - it just doesn't tell you anything more that we really need to know right now."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The development of ALPHA-2 is a significant improvement","questions":"How is the development of ALPHA-2 described?","answer":"Improved"}
{"text":["They have an obligation to do what I have done my whole life. I came from a family that had nothing. I worked hard all my life. In fact, the way I made my living was representing the kind of people that I grew up with, people who didn't have much of anything, and fighting against very entrenched, powerful corporate interests. And we were able to win and be successful. I did well by doing good. And what we have a responsibility to do is to make sure we don't pull the ladder out from behind us.","That everybody gets - in fact, it's the core reason that I am running for president is to make sure that everybody in this country gets the kind of chances and opportunities that I've had in my life. That's what drives me every single day.","A lot of your supporters mention that you really have a commitment to ending poverty, but could there ever be an America with absolutely no poverty?What would that country even look like?","It would be a country where everybody has real economic opportunity. I mean, is there always going to be a circumstance where somebody could fall into poverty?Of course. I mean, because that's the real world. But if we do the things we need to do, we wouldn't have the kind of systematic, endemic poverty we have in America. I mean, we have 37 million people, which is roughly the population of California, who live in poverty every day in this country. It's not a small number."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In (1), the speaker talks about their life experiences, representing people who didn't have much and fighting against powerful corporate interests. The speaker believes that everyone should have the same opportunities and not have the ladder pulled out from behind them. The implied meaning is that hard work and fighting for justice can lead to success, and that it's important to ensure that everyone has equal opportunities.","questions":"Which speaker believes that hard work can lead to success and that equal opportunities are important?","answer":"Speaker"}
{"text":["We get the impression from the reporting of our colleague Adrian Florido in Puerto Rico that this was - the protests that drove out the governor, they were a protest against the governor but really against the whole political system. And the descriptions you've just given of the various positions would seem to back that up. Does anybody have credibility to take the job?","I think there are people that do have the credibility and that have the experience. But I - it's not clear to me that political leadership has heard the message that has been delivered loud and clearly by the thousands, in some cases hundreds of thousands of Puerto Ricans that took to the street to let, you know, their distaste and their indignation known.","What do you mean they haven't heard the message - meaning that the political leadership doesn't understand how angry people are?","I think that that could be the case, and it is demonstrated by the fact that there are reports of backroom dealing over who could be that next secretary of state that could take over the governor's position."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : drove out in this context means to scare someone away","questions":"How does PersonA suggest that political leadership has not understood the message delivered by the protesters?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["Sure. I'm glad you mention that. So that is coming through subpoenas to the reporters to reveal the names of their sources. So it's not a direct prosecution of those reporters. But they are - you know, as you mentioned with Judith Miller, it can amount to jail time if the reporter refuses to testify.","So what's happening is that they are being called to testify in the case against the leakers. And when they refuse to do so, they're in contempt of court, and they may face jail time.","That's exactly right. And that is much more acceptable. I should add that under Attorney General Holder - after the James Risen subpoena where James Risen was told he had to testify and refused, the U. S.  government did not push him to testify. They obtained a conviction anyway, and Holder shortly thereafter announced that, under his watch, no reporter would go to jail for doing his job. It remains to be seen whether that same policy would be in place under the Sessions Department of Justice. Everything he's said indicates that he will not follow that policy.","Meaning that he and the Trump administration may indeed prosecute journalists. We've heard Trump himself and other Republicans raising the possibility of prosecuting journalists. Do you think that there is - that that is a possibility?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Journalists may face jail time for refusing to testify against leakers.","questions":"Which profession might face jail time for not testifying against leakers?","answer":"Journalists"}
{"text":["Scott, there's an outside chance, but it's unlikely. And it's definitely not going to happen before the presidential election takes place. It's going to take a long time for the FBI to go through all these messages, get through all the red tape with intelligence agencies to decide what may be classified or not.","And the FBI director, James Comey, has already told Congress Hillary Clinton didn't lie to agents when she was interviewed - same for her aides. He found no efforts to obstruct justice, no desire to betray the country here. So unless something really huge emerges, it's hard to see the legal analysis changing or any criminal prosecution at all.","And Hillary Clinton had a swift response, didn't she?","Yeah, she came out in Iowa, did an impromptu news conference. She said she didn't know anything about this. She found out through media reports. She's demanding the FBI director release a lot more information and explain the facts here. Some of Clinton's close allies, including California Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein, went even stronger. She said the FBI move was appalling and that the bureau was playing into the campaign slogans of Donald Trump."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : And the FBI director, James Comey, has already told Congress Hillary Clinton didn't lie to agents when she was interviewed - same for her aides. He found no efforts to obstruct justice, no desire to betray the country here. So unless something really huge emerges, it's hard to see the legal analysis changing or any criminal prosecution at all.  Implicated meaning: Despite the FBI director's findings that Hillary Clinton and her aides did not lie or obstruct justice, the speaker implies that there may still be a possibility of uncovering significant evidence or developments that could change the legal analysis and potentially lead to criminal prosecution.","questions":"Which agency did the FBI director tell the Congress that Hillary Clinton and her aides didn't lie to? (Answer: FBI)","answer":"FBI"}
{"text":["Right. So this is a very powerful story, also. And I think that this story is about the way that women devour their own, in some ways, and - particularly in small towns and in towns where sex is seen as a detriment.","Yeah. There were a few stories in here that I did not love, and there was a moment where I was starting to question your judgment in pulling them all together, I will confess. And then I got to one titled \"To The North,\" and it just knocked me out. I mean, it's about a boy and his summers on the beach and how he grows into a man. And his character is forming. It's fantastic if I - in my view. And I gather it's one of your favorites, as well.","It is my very favorite in the book. But you know, also - so part of what our arguments were - were about showing sort of the larger artistic growth of a writer. And so I have to admit there are some stories in this that aren't my favorite, either, but they seemed important in terms of Nancy Hale as a round person and showing her work through time. \"To The North\" is exquisite. I just found it full of repressed longing.","Yeah. I mean, I wonder to you, as someone who writes very well-received short stories, is it inspiring, or is it daunting to come across somebody else who could write a short story that was pretty darn near perfect?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Nancy Hale is a person that has a great many different capabilities and interests.","questions":"How would you describe the story \"To The North\"?","answer":"Exquisite"}
{"text":["Where are you right now?","I'm in Columbia, South Carolina.","Now you evacuated on Saturday. Was that because it was mandatory or did you make up your own mind?","I made up my own mind. I figured that at some point it would turn into a mandatory evacuation and I wanted to get ahead of the traffic."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B wants to know if A evacuated because it was mandatory or not.","questions":"How did PersonA decide to evacuate?","answer":"own"}
{"text":["He apologized for the messages and essentially blamed the fact that he worked really long days and often used this group chat to - as he said, you know, relieve stress. That did not sit well with people, obviously. He ended up, like you said, having to ask most of his inner circle to step down. But that has not appeased anyone. The outcry and the demands for his resignation have only grown. Not only from his political opponents - also, essentially everyone within his own party here in Puerto Rico has abandoned him. And now there is talk within the legislature of beginning the process of removing him from office if he doesn't step down on his own.","And has he said that he is considering it?Or what is he saying about that possibility?","No, he's basically dug his feet in and has said he is not going to resign. He said he was, you know, elected governor by the people of Puerto Rico, feels like he has a lot of work to do and intends to continue doing it. A big question is obviously how because he has lost the confidence of everyone within his government, and no one really sees him having the capital needed to govern.","That is NPR's Adrian Florido joining us from San Juan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Dug his feet in implies that he will not change his mind about the issue","questions":"How does \"dug his feet in\" describe the governor's stance on resigning?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["Now, Steve, everything I've just said has a caveat. OK?As you'd mentioned, yesterday the administration lightened their touch and said American tech firms could keep engaging in existing business with Huawei until mid-August. That's presumably to give some transition or prep time.","Is it really possible that the administration could raise these alarms of Chinese spying through Huawei equipment - that's the scenario they put out - and then just let the business go on?","Sure. That's totally possible. And there would be a precedent for that. Last year, President Trump banned sales to another Chinese phone-maker, ZTE, also citing national security concerns. That basically brought China's president to the bargaining table. And then Trump announced ZTE would pay a billion-dollar fine to do business with America again. So you know, maybe - maybe - the Huawei ban is a move to create leverage. In the last couple of weeks, the Trump administration has increased tariffs on $60 billion worth of Chinese goods, too. China's responded and, you know, tensions are growing.","You have underlined for us how deeply engaged U. S.  companies are already with Huawei, whether it's a small rural phone provider here in the United States or service provider in the United States or whether it's Google operating in Europe. How are tech companies responding?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : lightened their touch implies to say their minds or to speak for everyone to understand and not putting on touch light ","questions":"Which word in the dialogue implies that President Trump's ban on sales to ZTE was lifted after they paid a fine?","answer":"fine"}
{"text":["Super Saver and Calvin Borel one full length from Derby here. Noble's Promise runs in second. Patty O'Connell is now third. Make Music for Me, Big Mountain, (Unintelligible) on the outside and they're coming down to the finish. And it is Super Saver.","Wow. Now it occurred to me, when we were during some preparation on you - like a baseball announcer, all he or she has to do is go, when there's a home run - Yoho.","(Laughter).","But you have to rattle off eight or nine names that might have been unfamiliar to you - just a couple of - I mean, how you do it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) is a metaphor that implies the speaker was impressed by the announcer's ability to quickly and accurately recite all the names of the horses.","questions":"What was the speaker impressed by?","answer":"Impressed"}
{"text":["The president's reaction, they're happy with, I think. The alt-right - Lana actually - I asked her this specifically - I said, you know, what do you think about Donald Trump?And she said, let's be honest; he's not one of our guys. We've never thought that he was one of our guys.","But the more that he does not disavow the things that they believe in and either tacitly or directly supports them, the better.","Seyward Darby - her article \"The Rise Of The Valkyries\" is published in the September issue of Harper's Magazine. Thank you so much for speaking with us.","Thank you so much for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the speaker is suggesting that the more the President fails to disavow the beliefs of the alt-right and instead supports them, the better it is for their cause. This implies that the speaker may not necessarily have positive views about the alt-right, but sees value in the President's support of their cause. The literal meaning of the words might suggest that the speaker approves of the alt-right, but the implied meaning is different.","questions":"Which group's beliefs does the speaker suggest the President is supporting?","answer":"Alt-right"}
{"text":["Yeah.","And, you know, that's OK.  We don't have to approve of every facet of an artist's life to find their work interesting or significant, but the context does change.","What does that mean for us as viewers?Does it mean that we should stop watching these movies?","Everybody has to make their own choice in that regard. But for me, I look at these things in a purely selfish way, like as a viewer, which is how much extra dramatic information is getting in the way of my enjoying this work. And am I really thinking about the work when I watch it?Or am I thinking about the person who made it and disliking them or just being upset about them in some way?And if the answer's the latter, I probably don't want to watch that anymore.","I want to look at Louis C. K. , in particular. You know, his comedy, actually, was often celebrated because it seemed to address men and their foibles. What did you think of his comedy?And what do you think now?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"I look at these things in a purely selfish way\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker evaluates art based on how it affects their own enjoyment. The actual meaning is that the speaker considers how the artist's personal life may impact their ability to enjoy the art, but ultimately leaves the decision up to the individual viewer.","questions":"Which aspect does the speaker consider to be the most important when evaluating art?","answer":"Enjoyment"}
{"text":["No, so Wim van Egmond is an artist, and he was trained as an artist. He was a painter at first, and he was really into painting from these scientific illustrations, biological illustrations from hundreds of years ago. And he said, well, you know, I could just do this myself. So he purchased his first microscope about 20 years ago and since then has been kind of perfecting the technique.","But when he started, you know, he was also working with film, like Roman Vishniac. And, you know, when he had to look up what he was looking at, these organisms, he was looking in reference books, things that are just unthinkable these days, of course you would just Google.","So he said that, you know, progress has gotten much faster because now you can just look and see your result immediately. You don't have to develop your film, and - you know, and so he's gotten - it sounds like he's gotten - he's sort of refined his techniques much more quickly in the days of the digital camera.","Now I know you like to limit the size of your video pick to like three or four minutes."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"he was really into painting from these scientific illustrations, biological illustrations from hundreds of years ago.\" Literal meaning: Wim van Egmond enjoyed painting scientific and biological illustrations from a long time ago. Actual meaning: Wim van Egmond was inspired by scientific and biological illustrations from the past and used them as a reference for his own artwork.","questions":"Which illustrations inspired Wim van Egmond's artwork?","answer":"scientific"}
{"text":["I asked Groff, who you will know from her own short story collection \"Florida\" and her novel \"Fates And Furies\" - I asked her how Nancy Hale went from someone with dozens and dozens of stories in The New Yorker to someone we forgot about.","You know, I don't know definitively. It's very hard to tell. I think part of it is that her stories are very quiet and very elegant, and she's possibly not fashionable at the moment - her style of writing. But I find her incredibly fascinating. She creates these lines that are full of a humming electricity. And her structures are so deep and so thoughtful that you don't really understand what you're reading until maybe a couple of days later when you realize exactly the craft that went into creating her short stories.","And they span the gamut. Some of them are highly lyrical. Other ones are satirical and very funny. So we did put together this collection of 25 short stories. They're all interesting in their own way. And you can sort of see the development of a writer over the course of decades.","Right. No, absolutely. You can feel - she's obviously, as you would expect, writing very different things than - in her later years than she was as a very young writer. How did you pick the stories that you landed on out of the many, many ones she wrote?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : She writes a wide variety of stories and the lessons that she learns as a writer can be seen in her stories.","questions":"What can be seen in Nancy Hale's stories?","answer":"Meaning"}
{"text":["So you're Haitian-born, you've been in America for about 40 years now, and you still have family back in Haiti. So when you talk to family, what do they make of the crisis, and how are they dealing with it?","Well, I think they're dealing as best as they can. But they feel, like us, overwhelmed by it. And they rely on us to help them.","Remittances.","Yeah. You could also send food - not really send food, but order food through these online organizations that deliver the food to them, but mostly remittances, yes."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement implies that B wants to know how A's family are dealing with the downturn economy and what the also think about America's economy.","questions":"How does PersonA's family rely on A?","answer":"Remittances"}
{"text":["What is your heritage?- if I may ask.","I'm Mexican. But I wrote the story for my daughter, who is half Puerto Rican, half Mexican.","And did you have something like a moon ceremony growing up or did you wish you had one?When - what was the inspiration here?","Well, the inspiration began when my own daughter started to ask about her period, about her changing body as she grew into adolescence. And I wanted to reframe the conversation. I wanted to tell a different story to her. You know, my - I never had a moon ceremony. I wanted to have a moon ceremony. But like many women - Mexican women, many Latinx women who enter their periods with a certain amount of shame and silence. And I didn't want that to happen for my daughter. I wanted her to be grounded in our spirituality, our connection to the moon. And so we actually did give my daughter a moon ceremony."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : I Want to Celebrate Moon Festival for My Daughter Cause of My Heritage","questions":"Which ceremony did PersonA give to her daughter?","answer":"Moon"}
{"text":["OK. So it's clear that this poll is showing there is broad support out there for at least some changes. So how much guidance should Congress take from a poll like this to do something?","Well, you know, whether Congress will do anything actually is very much up in the air. And there's a real sense of urgency for Congress to act, especially among Democrats and some Republicans, after this summer because we saw so many mass shootings. . .","Right.",". . . I mean - Dayton, El Paso, Odessa, Texas. But here's the thing. This all comes down to President Trump. Congressional Republicans are not going to take a risk passing anything that could be seen by groups like the NRA as anti-gun, unless President Trump comes out and gives them political cover, which he hasn't yet. And Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell is not exactly going to bring anything to the floor unless he knows that President Trump is definitely going to sign this. And it's kind of risky of a move for Republicans if they don't come out for these things because, you know, the NRA was outspent for the first time in 2018 by groups that want to see these restrictions in place."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Congressional Republicans won't pass the bill unless the President makes sure they will not be hurt politically.","questions":"Which group outspent the NRPersonA for the first time in 2018?","answer":"Groups"}
{"text":["In the 15 seconds we have left, if there's an agreement of some kind this weekend, does the debate just begin all over again in a couple of weeks over the debt ceiling?","Absolutely. We are sort of going through one crisis at a time right now.","Ramesh Ponnuru is senior editor for the National Review and a columnist for Bloomberg View. Thank so much for being with us, sir.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2).  While the literal meaning of A's response is simply agreement with B's statement, the implied meaning is that there are multiple crises happening simultaneously, and therefore the country is not able to focus on one issue before another arises. This suggests a sense of overwhelm or difficulty in managing the situation.","questions":"Which editor is mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Ramesh"}
{"text":[". . . you see the more segments you have, the more you can twist.","The more you can twist. So we have a bone difference. But the question that intrigued Philippe Gailloud and Fabian de Kok-Mercado was why don't owls get strokes?And Philippe Gailloud actually studies disease caused by artery damage. And so he knows first-hand that in humans, if you tried to turn your head like that, you would damage your blood vessel that would cause a clot and you might get a stroke. And beyond that, let's say that didn't happen, the other problem is that if you twisted your neck that much, your arteries, which bring blood to your brain, important, would be pinched off. So how to the owls get around this?And that's what these researchers looked into this week, and that's what the Video Pick of the Week is about.","Great. So why don't we see dead owls all over the place from turning their neck?","Correct. That's exactly what he said. Why are there not dead owls lying all over the forest for was the way that Dr.  Gailloud puts it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : to put something in this context is to explain something","questions":"How did Dr. Gailloud describe dead owls in the forest?","answer":"lying"}
{"text":["I stopped the clocks because, A - my contract was running out, and, yes, I am eligible for retirement 'cause I'm 72 now. But the hand-wound ones, they're big cast iron weights. If the weights, when they run out, fell over, it would take three men to reconnect all the wires going through the pulleys and things, so it was on a safety grounds that I stopped them.","Why did you stop both hands at 12?","Well, I stopped them at 12 o'clock because every time I get a clock on my working license, and my father-in-law before me, people seem to think, oh, that clock is at 12 o'clock. And they look at their watch or something, and they'll say, oh, it's stopped. Whereas if I left it at any time, they don't seem to pick it up quick enough.","Well, Mr.  Mitchell, may I ask, are there a lot of other people doing a job like yours or is that number dwindling these days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of (3) is that Mr. Mitchell stopped the clocks at 12 o'clock to make it easier for people to recognize that the clock was broken, as they would immediately notice that it was stopped at 12 o'clock, rather than at any other time.","questions":"Which time did Mr. Mitchell stop the clocks at?","answer":"12oclock"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me.","Let's begin with the top line of the report. We certainly know retail is suffering. We see stores all over America closing. Midtown Manhattan is having problems with retail space. We assume it's online shopping and delivery. But how many job losses do you fix specifically to the role of private equity?","Well, we found that over the last decade, 1. 3 million people lost their jobs at retailers that had been acquired by Wall Street private equity firms and hedge funds. During that same 10-year period, the retail sector had actually added an additional 1 million jobs. So what we find is that in key areas, Wall Street firms are destabilizing retailers. Toys R Us is a good example. Toys R Us was highly profitable when it filed for bankruptcy. Their private equity owners had loaded the company with debt and did not really invest in necessary technology upgrades to support e-commerce and to make it viable.","Well, let's peel back a phrase like Toys R Us was highly profitable when it filed for bankruptcy. That wouldn't seem to fit in the same sentence. But how do you explain that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : peel back means look at the many different contributing factors","questions":"What does \"peel back\" mean?","answer":"Consider"}
{"text":["It's a love letter to my mother. I love my mother very, very much. She gave me everything. She was a wonderful mother. She gave me the most magnificent childhood in Edinburgh, and she had no pattern for that. She was suffering so much as a child. She was kept very closeted. Nobody ever told her anything of love. She was very, very solitary, lonely and unhappy child. And yet she invented herself and became this wonderful mother to me.","And at the same time, I felt that her version of events, which was utter doom and terrible villainy, couldn't necessarily be completely true because everybody's version of their story is slightly different.","Of course.","And so I wanted to turn it and turn it like a kaleidoscope to see whether I could see what these people's motives really were. And was it so terrible?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning is that the speaker wants to examine the motives behind the actions of the people involved in the events. The implied meaning is that the speaker is questioning whether their mother's version of events was accurate and whether the motives behind the actions were as terrible as their mother portrayed them to be.","questions":"Which meaning of turn 3 is implied by the PersonA's statement?","answer":"Terrible"}
{"text":["Thank you. Thanks for having me.","Now, Mr.  Pruitt approached deregulation with enthusiasm. Quickly, could you just give us a sense of his principal achievements?","He had actually very few achievements. He has many proposals in the pipeline. But most are in the pipeline, and most are deeply flawed.","So not likely to go zipping along and become new regulations.","I think that many will probably be revisited and, if they want them to be successful, will have to be adjusted and pay more attention to the law and pay more attention to science and protection of the environment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Mr. Pruitt did not achieve much despite his enthusiasm for deregulation","questions":"How many achievements did Mr. Pruitt have?","answer":"few"}
{"text":["People are still there, and people are still very defiant. I think that's really the only word you can use for people who've spent the last month fasting during Ramadan in extremes of heat. And they now say that we will not step down; we will not stand back until this military council has been deposed.","Well, now the military is saying we're going to stall these negotiations. Any agreement that we had settled is off, but we're going to hold elections within nine months. Is that good news for the protesters?","It is - they take it as good news, but the reality is it's not because the only infrastructure that remains intact is the infrastructure of the former regime and the former ruling party. It's difficult to see how, in a situation where people are fearing for their lives, you can put together a cohesive electoral campaign. Even though the military council says that they will allow observers in, this is a military council that is blocking journalists - that has suspended Al Jazeera, that has suspended other journalists from doing their work. So there's a lot of disbelief that they will allow observers to carry out their job.","Meanwhile, they will just continue to sit-in, to protest, to demand democratic reforms even if they are unlikely."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People have endured extreme conditions during Ramadan, but they are still protesting and refusing to back down","questions":"How would you describe the attitude of the protesters?","answer":"Defiant"}
{"text":["What in this agreement makes it better in your perspective?Because you did say that there was something in it that was, so tell me one thing.","There are. The labor chapter itself is better. However, if you can't enforce the labor chapter, it is meaningless. And so we're trying to get the enforcement on three different levels that I outlined earlier.","So what's your message to Democrats here?I mean, the issue is, so far, the administration has been trying to work with the Democrats. I mean, the trade chief, for example, the U. S.  trade representative, Robert Lighthizer, has been working with Democrats to hear their concerns about it. I mean, and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has appointed nine House Democrats to committees to negotiate these sort of - these changes.","But there is this some sense that, you know, the administration - others in the administration would like to fast-track it. There is a mechanism for doing that. I mean, do you have a specific message to Democrats?Because, as you know, with such a large - particularly with such a large presidential field, you've got all kinds of different opinions about international trade in that group. Do you know what I mean?So do you have a specific message to them about how to - you would like to see them proceed?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B wants A to explain what makes the agreement better","questions":"How is the labor chapter in the agreement?","answer":"Better"}
{"text":["They are the best kids in the world. You know, I'm really lazy, so I get up at seven, wake them up, and then go back to sleep for a half hour before I have to wrestle them school. And Chet snuck into my bed and just said, I'm not - you know, just daddy hug me, you know, at six still. And so I spent a half hour just hugging him. So the rest of my day was great because of that.","And Eva thinks that I'm, you know, like The Beatles rolled into one. It's amazing.","Yeah, yeah. What do you think has changed for them as kids from having a single father as opposed to a single mother or as opposed to a couple?How do you think it might have changed their lives?","That's a hard thing to figure out because, you know, when my ex-wife moved out, Chet was only about eight months old, and she moved down the street. So she still was in their life, but I've always been, you know, the primary person for both of them. So it's really the only thing they know."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : When A says, \"And Eva thinks that I'm, you know, like The Beatles rolled into one. It's amazing.\" The literal meaning is that Eva thinks that A is similar to The Beatles in some way. However, the intended meaning is that Eva holds a very high opinion of A.","questions":"What does Eva think of A?","answer":"High"}
{"text":["We just have this mythology about America being a melting pot and, you know, welcoming of immigrants. And we have our democratic ideals. And yet the true history is one of racism, of white supremacy. And peoples of color have never been particularly welcomed into this country. A lot of people still don't even know the history of the incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, so I want to go out of feeling youthful, you know, in my old age. And I think that that's something that I can talk about, you know, educate people. So what else can we do?","Chizu Omori is a writer living in Oakland.","Thank you so much.","Well, thank you for allowing me to speak up."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Melting pot doesn't refer to an actual pot, but is a metaphor for the country's population being a mix of different ethnicities and national origins.","questions":"What is the metaphorical meaning of \"melting pot\"?","answer":"Mix"}
{"text":["Well, I will say he's not so much trapped. He did do the wrong thing, and he knowingly did the wrong thing for what he believed were for the right reasons. But he still did break the law. So there was going to be some sort of comeuppance in regard because I didn't want to do it where he does something illegal, and it's, like, but it's the main character. Let it slide. On the other hand, the idea was to show that once he's there, exactly where he's sending people.","And one of the reasons I found this interesting is there are comics like \"Doonesbury,\" for example, that are known for taking on topical issues, but that has always been the flavor of \"Doonesbury. \"As I said before, this is a legacy comic. I mean, it started in 1952. The people who've been reading this comic aren't necessarily used to this. And I'm wondering how people - or how are your fans, how are the readers of the comic are taking it?","I - we'll use the word fans.","This is a legacy strip. And I'm not trying to go, OK, now I'm just going to make it so now, and it's going to be thing. But on the other hand, you never want any strip or anything to be caught in amber, and you do want it to always be moving and feel like it's alive. So - now, granted, we do have the fantastic elements. Assassins appear regularly in this strip. . .","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"be caught in amber\" implies that a comic strip appears to contain no action or movement.","questions":"What phrase does turn 3 use to imply that a comic strip appears to contain no action or movement?","answer":"Caught"}
{"text":["Well, how much were the islands able to prepare for Hurricane Dorian?I mean, to stock up on adequate supplies, to make sure people got to shelters safely. Do you think there was enough time in advance?","Oh, absolutely. From the first module that came up that showed the path of Dorian. Based on experience, Grand Bahama and even the other islands - we've weathered many ferocious storms. And so it has become our way of life. Can you imagine six months out of a year, you're in a hurricane basin?And at any point from June 1 to November 30, you could be struck with a hurricane, whether a Category 1 or Category 5. We remind the public that it is, you know, their duty to prepare themselves and their families for any disaster, whether it's natural or man-made.","So over the next 24 hours, tell us what you're going to be looking for. What are the main priorities?","Over the next 24 hours, the storm will still be impacting the northwest Bahamas at some level because we were hearing, based on the predictions, this storm would not be clear out of the Bahamas until about Wednesday. So we're still expecting the level of damage that kind of strength would do on a flat island. We know we have to rebuild. That's obvious."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Surviving hurricanes is a common occurrence and a way of life for the Bahamians.","questions":"Which event is a common occurrence for Bahamians?","answer":"Hurricanes"}
{"text":["Well, it's really interesting. The word exoneration came to mind, but that's not quite right. I mean, you care if people don't believe you, but it wasn't my job to make people believe me. It was just my job to survive this and push a movement forward. But what I saw - that disgusting document that - you know, her email outlining how they were going to terrorize me. It was just as if, yes, this is exactly what's been happening to me.","And, of course, Lisa Bloom jumps out at many people because she had a reputation as a civil rights lawyer who represented women who had been assaulted or harassed. And she described that work in this memo to Harvey Weinstein. She said, quote, \"I feel equipped to help you against the Roses of the world because I have represented so many of them,\" unquote. What do you make of that?","It's vile. It's just - it's kind of the mark of a psychopath, and it's so cold. And you know what?Yeah, the Roses of this world - we get pushed around. And we get hurt, and we get disbelieved. And to have a woman involved in it let alone a woman who purports to be all about protecting women and protecting people who get abused by power is - it's egregious. It's disgusting. It's despicable, but it's also fitting for I think who she really is.","Well, she says - she has said in subsequent statements several things. No. 1, she says she made a mistake. No. 2, she says she did not understand the scope of the allegations against him, including assaults."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker was falsely accused and wrongfully blamed.","questions":"Which word describes the PersonA's reaction to Lisa Bloom's involvement in the memo?","answer":"Disgusting"}
{"text":["Good to be with you, Linda.","So we've got a ticket, at long last. What is Governor Pence's contribution?What does he bring to the table?","He has three things that Donald Trump lacks and needs. He has the trust of most social conservatives. He has a long history of working with other party leaders in Washington. And he has good relationships with the kind of Republican donors who have been shying away from Donald Trump up to now.","Which sounds sensible, conventional and not at all like Donald Trump."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implies that the qualities Governor Pence brings to the table are sensible, conventional and different from Donald Trump's.","questions":"How would you describe the qualities Governor Pence brings to the table?","answer":"sensible"}
{"text":["Who is Chuy Garcia, and does he have to show that he's not just a protest candidate now?","He has been around for a long time. He was a state senator. He was a city council alderman. He is now a Cook County commissioner. Was he widely known all the way across Chicago?No, he has not been. But he is a solid and serious individual, who's been in government for a long time. He was not the first choice. The first choice to run against Rahm Emanuel was the head of the Chicago teachers' union. . .","Yeah, Karen Lewis.",". . . Karen Lewis, who is charismatic, African-American and has been at war with Emanuel from the beginning. But she developed a brain tumor. And the person who became the anointed one was Chuy Garcia."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that Chuy Garcia was not the top choice and was only chosen because of Karen Lewis's unfortunate situation.","questions":"What was the reason for Chuy Garcia becoming the anointed one?","answer":"Karen"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. So these are the kinds of people, exactly, who the politicians want to know about, the registered voters?","Absolutely.","And have you gotten any reaction from them at all?","I think there's a lot of interest and, I mean, in fact that as I look back at the bigger picture, we've kind of gone through this, you know, this - I don't know if it's a cycle, but it's certainly is a set of shifts where everybody was talking about climate change and sustainability and global environmental problems, if you remember back in 2007 and 2008. And then, suddenly, everybody has stopped talking about it. And, in fact, for many people, the term - using the word on global warming or climate change in political discourse was seen as something you shouldn't do. I think what we may be at the beginning of is to be able to bring these words back into our political discourse and, actually, as a point of discussion about how do we move forward as a society?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Mm-hmm\" is an informal way of expressing agreement or acknowledgement, rather than its literal meaning of a humming sound.","questions":"Which word is used by PersonB to express agreement or acknowledgement in turn 0?","answer":"Mm-hmm"}
{"text":["Mr.  O'HARROW: No one seems to know exactly how much money will be spent through contracts, but it's going to be a considerable amount. When you hand out money quickly without setting up good terms of contracts and without having mechanisms to follow the money as it's spent to ensure that taxpayers get what they're paying for, you're going to have waste, and that's going to be what you'll get at best. At worst you'll have fraud and corruption.","Now, the Democrats who are in charge of this bill, some of whom have written this bill like David Obey, chair of the House Appropriations Committee, says we have a lot of monitoring built into this bill, and even so, we need to act very, very quickly because this is an emergency.","We've got more oversight built into this package than any package in the history of man. If money is spent badly, we want to know about it so we can hold accountable the people who made that choice. And guess what. Regardless of what we do, there will be some stupid decisions made.","David Obey, chair of the House Appropriations Committee. Well, Robert O'Harrow of the Washington Post, what do you say to that?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Handing out money quickly without good contract terms and mechanisms to follow the money will lead to waste, fraud, and corruption","questions":"How will handing out money quickly without good contract terms and mechanisms lead to what?","answer":"fraud-and-corruption"}
{"text":["What would happen in a civil contempt is that you would basically be trying to hold the attorney general - get a court order that he was in contempt. And the court would have a hearing. And Justice Department would intervene, and they would fight the contempt citation. And then the court would have a ruling. And that's how the process kind of operates theoretically. What normally happens is the court does not like to step into executive legislative disputes, and they will urge both sides to try to accommodate one another. I think it would only be if the court determined that the Justice Department was really in bad faith would they then hold the attorney general in contempt.","Let me ask you this. If this matter does land in court, if litigation is actively pursued, that could take months. It could take years even. And if the goal is to get information from Attorney General William Barr, how is this an effective strategy?Pursuing a contempt case could result in a huge delay, right?","I think the reality is is that the rules of subpoenas right now as we're discussing in many ways work in favor of the executive for the exact reason that you are hinting at in your question, which is they can run the clock. They can probably run the clock on the enforcement question for months, if not years. And they might be able to even run it up to the next election.","Right. So if the White House intends to stonewall, do you think it's even a wise strategy on the part of the Democrats right now to be talking about contempt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Talking about contempt might not be a wise strategy for Democrats.","questions":"Which strategy might not be wise for Democrats?","answer":"Strategy"}
{"text":["It took a toll on my self-confidence, my decision making. I think he preyed on the fact that I was very naive. And so for me as being a powerful person, having gone and believed in myself and gotten to the \"Today\" show and had all of these people, producers, talent believing in me - and then he only seeing the physical side of me and only wanting that out of me. It shattered my confidence. So I couldn't focus on my job at all as I was trying to start my journalism career.","Since you went public with what happened, has anyone at NBC reached out to you?","I have not heard one peep from anyone in management at NBC. Of course, I have heard from several colleagues, staffers at the \"Today\" show who I knew and used to work with - Ann Curry, dear, dear friend of mine - but no one from management. Nobody has called to ask me questions about how it happened and what our communication for the last 17 years - how we've managed it.","Do you have confidence that NBC can really change its culture with that being true - what you just said - that they haven't even reached out to you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The management at NBC did not reach out to the speaker despite their public testimony of harassment.","questions":"What did the management at NBC fail to do?","answer":"Fail"}
{"text":["But Dr.  Landreth and his colleagues contend that's not the culprit. The culprit is the earlier forms of deposition, the so-called oligomeric stage that is really causing the damage, or the soluble stage of the processing. And the drug may be effective at that stage, and hence may be efficacious.","But this is all within the world of amyloid. There's a whole other research community out there that talks about other aspects of the Alzheimer's disease process. So while amyloid is likely to be a major player, it may not be the only culprit in the disease.","And so there may be other ways to treat it, too.","Absolutely. I mean, I think one - you may be familiar with the National Alzheimer's Project Act that was signed into law in 2011, and eventually resulted in the first United States national plan for Alzheimer's disease, released about a year ago in Washington. And part of that plan talks about exploring other targets for Alzheimer's disease."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Amyloid is likely to be a major cause of alzehiemer's but not the only cause.","questions":"What is the major cause of Alzheimer's?","answer":"Amyloid"}
{"text":["You know, I would say those days coaching were some of the best days of my life. Internally, we were really solid, you know, from the players to the coaches. They were all very supportive. I think the skeptics came, a lot of the times as they do, from the outside looking in. They saw us as being very different, you know, men working with women. And what they didn't realize is that we were more alike than we were different. We were alike in the game and in what we had dedicated to be great. And those guys knew everything about me and my story before I got there, right?Like, they were literally like, coach, we watched your game film. Like, you are a beast off the edge, like - and they couldn't believe that I had played a season against guys, like, getting tackled by guys their size. And there was definitely an energy within the team that it was something very special, and those guys were proud to be a part of history.","There's been a lot of focus on the culture for women in the NFL. I'm thinking particularly of the Ray Rice scandal, and what can be perceived as a tolerance for abuse by male players. Does that make it harder for women, do you think?","Well, you know, I think in - let's like back out of that for a second, right?","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The team faced challenges due to gender differences, but overcame them with unity and dedication.","questions":"Which team faced challenges?","answer":"Team"}
{"text":["Antivirus experts are calling Flame one of the most complex threats ever discovered. Once a machine is infected, the operator of the malware can expand its functionality almost like adding apps to a smartphone. Its operators sent out another app with orders to erase it this week, leaving no tracks behind.","Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?","Well, different from the average run-of-the-mill malware that criminals use?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California.\" - The literal meaning is that Kim Zetter is joining the radio show from Oakland and is writing a book about Stuxnet. The implied meaning is that Kim Zetter is a reputable and knowledgeable expert on cybercrime and security, and her insights will be valuable to the discussion.","questions":"How is Kim Zetter contributing to the discussion?","answer":"reporter"}
{"text":["The site of the wreck of the Houston's been known for quite some time. Why just the official confirmation now?","Well, the Navy became concerned over the years that the wreck was being salvaged by trophy hunters and commercial concerns overseas. Recreational dive companies have been leading dives on the Houston as well as the Perth, for years. But they began to fear for the integrity of the wreck. And it is a war grave. It's also custody of the U. S.  Navy, even though it's been undersea for more than 70 years now. And so what they did was, they launched an official expedition to document the state of the wreck and the first step in that process was to authenticate the identity of the ship, and so that's what made headlines this week.","Captain Rooks received the Medal of Honor for what?","He led the Perth into battle on that night and was quickly fallen upon by a far superior Japanese naval squadron. They had several heavy cruisers, a whole bunch of destroyers and the Japanese were masters of the art of nighttime naval combat. They would demonstrate this time and again through the early months of the war."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The Navy was concerned that the wreck was being illegally salvaged and the recreational dive companies were unaware of the consequences of their actions.","questions":"Which wreck did the Navy become concerned about?","answer":"Houston"}
{"text":["Yes, I do think they are well-matched traveling companions. In that both of them bend but nobody really breaks. And so, even though Jack is certainly the student, and she is the mentor, there are times when Jack has the upper hand and he has the better humor. And that, almost off-camera, he can make an aside to the reader. You know, like, she's getting a little bit ditzy right now, so hang on to your hat.","We're - to use one of your phrases, were you a fringy kid?","Yes, I was definitely a fringy kid. I moved a lot as a kid, I went to 10 schools in 12 grades. And so, I was one of those kids that was a permanent wallflower, you know, I'd go I'd hang back and I would observe, and I would sort of be on the fringe. But then I realized that I liked the fringe because the fringe gave me the flexibility to appear or disappear, which I found to be very helpful.","And painful or, at least, vexing as it can be to be a fringy kid. With the advantage of hindsight, is it part of what made you a writer?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B: \"And painful or, at least, vexing as it can be to be a fringy kid. With the advantage of hindsight, is it part of what made you a writer?\"  The literal meaning of this turn would suggest that being a \"fringy kid\" caused physical pain or discomfort. However, the implied meaning is that feeling like an outsider or a misfit can be emotionally difficult, and that this experience may have contributed to the speaker's development as a writer.","questions":"What aspect of being a \"fringy kid\" may have contributed to the PersonA's development as a writer?","answer":"Experience"}
{"text":["(Laughter) I'd imagine it'd be pretty smelly by that point.","So how did you plot this optimal route?","Yeah, so plotting the route sort of started by picking where exactly we wanted to go. So we sort of sat down and we actually spent a few days, you know, setting out some criteria. So once we chose 50 stops around the U. S. , that's when the algorithm kicked in.","All right, I understand landmarks you have listed like, you know, Statue of Liberty or Lincoln's home in Springfield, Ill.  or Taliesin - Frank Lloyd Wright's home in Wisconsin - C. W. Parker Carousel Museum in Kansas?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"the algorithm kicked in\": In this context, \"kicked in\" is a figurative expression that means the algorithm started working or began to be used. It does not mean that the algorithm literally kicked anything.","questions":"How did the algorithm begin?","answer":"Picking"}
{"text":["Oh, it was wonderful. My father used to play the accordion and my brothers used to sing as well. So growing up with them, I learned a lot. It was not difficult for me to become a musician. I just have to create my own identity - that was the hard part.","(Singing in foreign language)","Some people call your sound Congo Rumba. What does that phrase mean to you and what kind of flavors do you try to put into your music?","Rumba is an old form of music that requires two people to come together and dance. It originated way back in our traditional music. Of course, the name sounds familiar because of Kuba. We know Kuba is a very strong African tradition so they played that kind of music as well. So, when it came back to us in Africa, especially in Congo, it was welcomed back home. So, it's a very old type of music, and it's about love. It's about (unintelligible). So, I like to sing for lovers. I like to sing for peace. I like to sing for people who can dance to people.","(Singing in foreign language)","You're donating percentage of the sales from the CD to the Dikembe Mutombo Foundation, and we spoke with Dikembe last year on the show. He's \u2014 just remind folks from the Democratic Republic of Congo a place for the NBA. How did you connect with his foundation?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"I just have to create my own identity - that was the hard part.\" (Literal meaning: Creating one's own identity was difficult.)","questions":"What was the hard part for B?","answer":"Identity"}
{"text":["Yeah, but - of course it comes into play. That's what the IG is supposed to do. And under this statute, the acting director of national intelligence has an absolute duty not to exercise discretion, but simply to pass this information on to the intelligence committees. And he's not doing it.","So if - under the statute, there's a clear violation. What the Justice Department is presumably saying when they tell him not to do it could be one of - one or both of two things. One is, this is privileged information. I - when we don't - can't evaluate that without knowing what it is. And the other is, well, the IG is just way out of his remit. He's beyond - he's acting beyond his powers. And they'd get. . .","So how would you advise Congress to act next?","Oh, with Congress - if it wants to do that, there's a couple of options. You can try to litigate this, which I think will - the courts will not want to get involved in it - whether Congress can impeach the acting director. The president's not the only person subject to impeachment. Any federal officer can be impeached. What the Congress is saying is, we don't like the way this man's behaving. He's not doing what the statute says. And their remedy is quite limited, but the Constitution tell you - you don't - tells the Congress, you don't like it?Impeach the man."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It doesn't come  into play physically. The statue is used during this time.","questions":"What is the IG supposed to do?","answer":"pass"}
{"text":["Now, Mr.  Trump often points out that the school, at least on the website, had an overwhelmingly favorable rating from former students. But the plaintiffs say that it wasn't like that at all.","Really, that's exactly what they say. They argue that the whole point to this school was to keep selling students increasingly expensive seminars. First, there was a free introductory course where students were told they could make tens of thousands of dollars in just a couple of months using Trump's investment techniques.","But to learn those, they had to sign up for another seminar that cost about 1,500 bucks. And at that seminar, they were sold another course that cost as much as $35,000. They claim that students were encouraged to go into credit-card debt and even cash out their 401(k)s to pay for these top-level courses.","The settlement was reached. Well, one of these suits was about to go to trial on Monday, wasn't it?","Yeah, it was, though attorneys for Trump wanted it delayed because he was too busy with the transition. But, clearly, his schedule wasn't going to get any easier once he became president. So the judge in the case was urging both sides to settle."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \u201cYeah, it was, though attorneys for Trump wanted it delayed because he was too busy with the transition.But, clearly, his schedule wasn't going to get any easier once he became president.So the judge in the case was urging both sides to settle.\u201d - Implied meaning: The judge wanted the two sides","questions":"Which side was the judge urging to settle?","answer":"both"}
{"text":["Vladimir Putin says the U. S.  airstrikes on Syria were an act of aggression. And yet, despite defiant words and claims that U. S.  missiles were intercepted and did little damage, Russia has not retaliated. To help us understand why, we're joined by Angela Stent of Georgetown University. She's also a State Department veteran from the Clinton and Bush administrations. Good morning.","Good morning. Good to be here.","So can you remind us why Russia has interests in Syria at all?And briefly - I know it's a complicated story.","(Laughter) Well, the short version of this. So the Soviet Union and Syria were allies during the Cold War, at the end of the Cold War. So, you know, Russia lost many of its positions in the Middle East, but that relationship with Syria has always been important. Then Putin was horrified by what happened in the Arab Spring, particularly what happened in Libya, and he was determined to shore up, you know, his ally, his partner in Syria. And he went into Syria in September 2015 in a big way - bombing - really to show the United States and the rest of the world that we were trying to isolate Russia after what happened in Ukraine, but Russia was definitely back. Russia also has its own - only warm-water port in Syria and a significant airbase. And it's really used this intervention now in Syria to increase its influence in the Middle East as the U. S.  has withdrawn."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : well refers to good and not a hole dug in the ground ","questions":"How does \"well\" refer to the word \"good\" in turn 2?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["A lesser option would be to set up a no-sailing zone around the tankers.","General Deptula, thank you. We have to leave it there. That's Dave Deptula.","Thank you so much for your time. We appreciate it.","All right. Take care, Mary Louise."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A suggests a more extreme option than setting up a no-sailing zone","questions":"What does PersonA propose as a potential solution?","answer":"unknown"}
{"text":["I'm personally not. I'm going to ask Teller if he is.","I'm honest - I'm not a card guy. And that's a card move, right?","JOE #1: That's a card - yes, it's a card flight. And it's an illusion where you have four cards that are facedown. And when you spread the cards, one of the cards just turns face up, and it look as if from the spectator's point of view that the card just magically turns face up. It doesn't look like you're doing any sleight whatsoever. But the reason that's so hard, or that was so hard for me to pick up, was that - just the timing of the sleight with what we needed to do to take the spectator's eyes away at that particular moment. There's a timing issue.","Joe, give us civilians an idea of how long you would work on that."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Here, the term \"civilians\" is used metaphorically to refer to non-professionals or individuals who are not experienced in a particular field, rather than its literal meaning of non-military individuals. The sentence asks Joe to provide an estimation of the time he would spend working on the mentioned task.","questions":"How does the term \"civilians\" in turn 3 differ from its literal meaning?","answer":"Metaphorically"}
{"text":["The advice I'd give to others is, do your homework, and don't be afraid to do it. The one rule I gave myself was, it's OK if you fail. And coming from a type-A legal background, you don't make any mistakes. But in business, you have to be flexible. So, I allowed myself the freedom to make those mistakes and grow from them.","Have there been any moments when being an African-American entrepreneur has either hurt you or at least given some food for thought?","I'll take the food for thought. I'm a member of the International Spa Association. That's a pretty high-end spa group. And that market's OK, but other trade shows I would do, people would walk up and they'd say, oh, is this a black skin-care company?And I'm thinking, well, everybody has skin, irrespective of who you are - because they see me there. Even though the woman on the cover, model is - she's kind of every woman. She's actually Filipino and German, but people can't tell her background. But when they see my face there, they assume it's a company just for African-American skin, which is not the case.","When you think about that aspect of marketing, do you think that black companies that market directly to African-Americans, just very briefly, have an advantage or disadvantage over businesses like yours?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : food for thought implies deep reasoning or a concern. Not really a meal to be eaten ","questions":"What does the term \"food for thought\" imply?","answer":"Reasoning"}
{"text":["Tom Durkin, the voice of the Triple Crown. He is retiring in August. This will be his last Belmont stakes. Good luck to you, OK.","All right Scott. And new when you retire, maybe we'll go out and play golf or something.","(Laughter). All right. Golf huh. Let's go to the track.","Did B. J. Leiderman write this?He wrote our theme music. You're listening to WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meanings in (2) are that Scott should enjoy his retirement and do something fun with Tom Durkin after he retires. ","questions":"What did B.J. Leiderman write?","answer":"Theme"}
{"text":["Condemnation continues of President Trump's profane language about several foreign countries, using an especially crude word. And a warning - you're about to hear that word. At a bipartisan meeting with legislators on Thursday, the president asked why the United States would want immigrants from, quote, \"shithole countries. \"Until last week, roughly 200,000 Salvadorans in the U. S.  held temporary protected status. That was put in place after the devastating earthquakes hit that country in 2001. But the White House says it'll end those protections and give Salvadorans until September 2019 to return to El Salvador or face deportation.","Carlos Dada is the founder of El Faro, a news site based in San Salvador, and joins us from there. Carlos, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me, Scott.","What's the reaction in El Salvador been to the president's comments and, for that matter, your personal reaction?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"What's the reaction in El Salvador been to the president's comments and, for that matter, your personal reaction?\"","questions":"Which country's reaction is being asked about?","answer":"El-Salvador"}
{"text":["I will walk down the red carpet, yes, yes.","Oh, man, that's exciting, huh?Tell us what it was like when you found out, and tell us you found that you had been nominated for Grammy Award, your first.","Well, it's a pretty funny story, because since I'm an indie artist and this is my first foray into the industry, let alone this part of it, I wasn't really expecting anything and I didn't even know when the Grammys were being announced. That's how far off I was. And I was sitting at home in my jammies, actually, watching \"Top Chef. \"I might have been watching even watching it on TV, I don't know, but the phone rang and it was my producer, who also co-writes my songs with me. And he said, um, I think you've been nominated for Grammy. I was like, shut up.","I was, like - I didn't even know I've been submitted. Like, nobody told me that I had been submitted. I just wasn't even thinking about it. So, it was really crazy. It took a couple of hours, actually, for me to believe him. Like, I actually hung up on him."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : I will walk down the red carpet implies that the person is a VIP ","questions":"Which color was the carpet?","answer":"Red"}
{"text":["Yes, actually nine years ago, April 2007, I collapsed from sleep deprivation and hit my desk on the way down and broke my cheekbone. And that was my wake-up call in terms of changing my own life, understanding the science behind the need for sleep and also looking around and seeing how many millions of us are in similar states of perpetual exhaustion to the point where it becomes the new normal and we don't even notice it.","Isn't there a kind of macho, if you please, attached to lack of sleep or people who feel they only need a little sleep to function?","Oh, absolutely. You know, there is a tremendous braggadocio going on. I mean, I had dinner with a guy recently who bragged that he had only gotten four hours sleep the night before. And I didn't say it, but I thought, did you know this dinner would've been a lot more interesting if you had gotten five?","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Turn 4 has an implied meaning that conveys a sense of irony or humor. While the speaker's comment is framed as a joke and elicits laughter from their conversation partner, it also carries a serious message about the importance of getting enough sleep.","questions":"Which turn contains a comment that reflects both humor and a serious message?","answer":"Turn4"}
{"text":["Yeah, Scott, well it began with - you know, it was a warm night last night, and people were out - it was a Friday night - sitting at a restaurant out at a cafe. And that's how it started. The attackers drove by with Kalashnikovs and just fired into everyone at that outdoor cafe. And there was also an attack on the stadium - the national stadium - where Francois Hollande was watching a game - a friendly game - match between France and Germany - a soccer match. And two assailants blew themselves up with - they were suicide bombers outside the stadium. And everyone ran to the grass to take cover. There was complete chaos. It had to be evacuated. The thing authorities are saying that's so striking is that they were perfectly coordinated.","To occur at the same time. . .","Exactly.",". . . Which, of course, would deplete the emergency resources the city could bring to it. In the. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Yeah, Scott, well it began with - you know, it was a warm night last night, and people were out - it was a Friday night - sitting at a restaurant out at a cafe. And that's how it started. The attackers drove by with Kalashnikovs and just fired into everyone at that outdoor cafe. And there was also an attack on the stadium - the national stadium - where Francois Hollande was watching a game - a friendly game - match between France and Germany - a soccer match. And two assailants blew themselves up with - they were suicide bombers outside the stadium. And everyone ran to the grass to take cover. There was complete chaos. It had to be evacuated. The thing authorities are saying that's so striking is that they were perfectly coordinated.","questions":"What kind of weapons did the attackers use?","answer":"Fired"}
{"text":["Colin Powell - not one black candidate on the ticket, but two. That would be remarkable.","Well, let's also remember Colin Powell is a Republican. He would establish a kind of bipartisan bridge. And if you want to say, yes, it's a ticket of two African-Americans, which it would be, it is already a ticket of one African-American. So people who have perhaps a problem with that might not necessarily have that much more of a problem with two.","And I think that the advantage that it would have would be to say, we're kind of, in a sense, taking race off the table here. We're not talking about electing the first black president. We're asking you to vote for Barack Obama and Colin Powell and look at those two individuals.","It's a really interesting suggestion, I would imagine that a number of Democrats would say, wait a minute, he was on the wrong side on Iraq. Plus, we've got our own guys. We want a Democrat, a real Democrat. Who's out there?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : bipartisan bridge implies that Colin Powell would appeal to Republicans and Democrats.","questions":"What advantage would Colin Powell bring to the ticket?","answer":"Bridge"}
{"text":["No, physically, we're - really pretty pathetic. Offhand, I cannot think of an animal which, if your size, let's say 150 pounds, that could not absolutely obliterate you in hand-to-hand or tooth-to-incisor combat. And our dominance in the world is all thanks to this trick of coming up with these codes that enable us to remember what happened yesterday or years ago. And it has a permanence that has a tremendous advantage (laughter). It has nothing to do with the theory of evolution.","Yeah. But you say that speech bedeviled Darwin as a matter of fact.","It did. He could not figure out what it was. He assumed because of his theory that everything evolved from animals, and he didn't even include it in his theory language until he decided that it came from our imitation of the cries of birds. And I think it's misleading to say that human beings evolved from animals. I mean, actually nobody knows whether they did or not. And there are very few physical signs, except for the general resemblance between apes and humans. The big evolution, if you want to call it that, is that this one species, Homo sapiens, came up with this ingenious trick, which is language.","Are you concerned, Mr.  Wolfe, or are you resolutely not concerned that people who don't believe in evolution for religious reasons, not scientific ones, are going to begin to cite your work as some kind of scientific proof?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the actual meaning is that humans did not physically evolve from apes, but rather evolved through the development of language, which is a unique trait of the Homo sapiens species. The word \"evolved\" here does not refer to physical evolution, but rather to the emergence and development of language as a tool.","questions":"What is the unique trait of the Homo sapiens species that led to their evolution according to turn 2?","answer":"Language"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi has had a rapid career rise. He was appointed Egypt's defense minister after the Arab Spring outpouring by Egypt's first freely elected president, the Muslim Brotherhood's Mohamed Morsi. But just a year later, General Sisi helped oust Mr.  Morsi and then he began to run the country. Now, his title is Field Marshal Sisi, the top military post. And just this past week, he took the next step to becoming Egypt's next president. The possible rise of a new military strongman raises questions about if the Arab Spring put Egypt on a path of democracy and civilian rule or more authoritarianism. Samer Shehata joins us. He's a political scientist at University of Oklahoma, and he joins us from the studios of KGOU in Norman, Oklahoma. Samer, thanks very much for being with us.","Pleasure to speak to you.","Why is a field marshal, according to various surveys, so popular in Egypt?","He's popular for a number of reasons. One, there were many people, of course, who were opposed to the Muslim Brotherhood and Mr.  Morsi before he became president. And of course it was a disastrous year in office. And there are many people who, as a result of all of that, are longing for stability and security. And the idea of a military general running the show is reassuring."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Pleasure to speak to you. (This is a polite way of expressing appreciation for the invitation to speak on the show.)","questions":"Which phrase is used by PersonA to express gratitude for being invited to speak on the show?","answer":"Pleasure"}
{"text":["And that polio virus is thought to be non-zoonotic. It's thought to be a virus that only affects humans, but it's capable of passing from humans into chimps. So it seems to have made those chimps sick and killed some of them.","Likewise, the mountain gorillas of Rwanda and Uganda, when people visit those on - ecotourist adventures, they're not allowed to come closer than within about 15 feet. The gorillas are habituated. They're perfectly happy to have people nearby.","But the people who manage those gorilla populations are concerned that diseases, human diseases, will spill over into the mountain gorillas, which are an endangered subspecies and have a relatively small gene pool. So, yes, we have to be careful that we don't give diseases to wildlife also, especially wildlife that's closely related to us and that's endangered.","It seemed like many of the viruses you talk about in this book spilled over from bats, and I don't think of them as close relations to us particularly. But do we have. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : passing implies transmission from one person or animal to another and not having legs to walk or cross sides ","questions":"How did the polio virus affect the chimps?","answer":"Sick"}
{"text":["Seems that this year, more Americans are making their electoral preferences known from the hereafter. Katie Falzone is vice president for operations at Legacy. com. They host obituaries for newspapers and funeral homes. She joins us now from the studios of WBEZ in Chicago, where, of course, deceased Americans can always vote. Thanks very much for being with us, Ms.  Falzone.","Thank you, Scott.","So has this really stepped up this election year.","It definitely has. I recently pulled some numbers from our site and found, you know, over the course of the past few election cycles, we've seen a huge increase. So the first year I looked at was comparing June to June numbers for the 2003-2004. We only had five references to political candidates in obituaries. This year, 119."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The increase in references to political candidates in obituaries suggests that more Americans are making their electoral preferences known from beyond the grave.","questions":"How many references were there to political candidates in obituaries in the first year compared to this year?","answer":"119"}
{"text":["Yeah. This is, again, completely innovative. You know, part of the problem that we have with tall buildings is building them all out of glass and then having to go to gymnastics to kind of cover them up on the outside, and we see that in America. But in intense solar environments like the desert, it makes even less sense.","This is an innovative way to control this. It actually, to my knowledge, for the first time creates this skin on the outside made up of, you know, hundreds of modules, which can open and close by computer control, depending on the angle of incident sun. So if the sun's on the other side of the building, the modules open up and allow natural daylight into the space. And if the sun is incident on the building, then those modules close up and block the sun from entering.","Is what makes a tall building great the ability to actually look like it fits in with the rest of the buildings in the neighborhood or the culture of the people?","I believe so. That's - you know, as a professor, that's the thing that I advocate. I believe that a Chinese tall building or a, you know, an American tall building or a Middle Eastern tall building should be different to each other in the same way that, you know, religious and other architecture is clearly identifiable."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"clearly identifiable\" - This is a figurative expression that means easily recognizable or distinctive, rather than literally being able to be identified with clarity.","questions":"Which expression means easily recognizable or distinctive?","answer":"Identifiable"}
{"text":["It's time now for our Africa Update. The search begins for an African Einstein. In South Africa this week, at least two dozen people have been killed in a wave of attacks on foreigners and we look at Rwanda's new economic force, women. For more, we've got Roxanne Lawson, she's director of Africa Policy for TransAfrica Forum. Hey, Roxanne.","Hi, how are you doing?","I'm doing great. So let's talk about some disturbing news form South Africa. It's the biggest economic power on the continent and plenty of immigrants from other African nations are flooding into the country, legally or not. South Africans are accusing these immigrants of taking away jobs and causing crime, in some ways it's similar to a lot of the debates right here in the U. S.  Now, some South Africans are getting into brutal attacks on foreigners. At least 24 people have been killed in unrest that broke out a week ago. So what's the latest on the violence?","You're directly right that it actually is very much like what we see here in the United States with our migration issues. As of this morning, official reports that 217 people have been arrested, over 3,000 have been displaced and 22 people are dead."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Immigrants in South Africa are being blamed for job loss and crime, leading to brutal attacks on foreigners.","questions":"How many people have been arrested in connection to the attacks on foreigners in South Africa?","answer":"217"}
{"text":["Ocasio-Cortez is the democratic socialist, just shy of 30, who unseated a top Democrat in 2018. She's soared to prominence as a critic of the president and sometimes of Democrats. She pushed the party on climate, throwing her sudden fame behind the Green New Deal. And today, she releases anti-poverty proposals. Her bills would open social benefits to all people, even undocumented immigrants. She also calls to change the way the federal government measures poverty. She wants the federal poverty line to be higher in some places than others.","You may be making a certain amount in New York City or in Washington, D. C. , that is enough in other parts of the country, but you are effectively living in poverty, and so we need to account for geographic variation as well.","It seems to me that the things that you like about that proposal are the very things that make it politically difficult.","Absolutely."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : just shy of 30 means the person is almost 30-years-old.","questions":"Which age range does Ocasio-Cortez fall into?","answer":"Range"}
{"text":["Well, I was abused by a priest when I was a child. And it caused me a great deal of difficulty with my life afterwards. I had a lot of problems with anxiety and depression.","How old were you when it happened?","I had just turned 13. I was in a children's hospital. And the priest who assaulted me was the Catholic chaplain of the hospital. And he also took indecent photographs, which had a lasting effect on me.","You were one of two sexual abuse survivors on the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors. Yet you resigned March 1. Can you tell us why?","I did because I accepted the appointment to the commission in the hope that the church was really beginning to show, you know, a sincere wish to change. And after three years, I resigned on some specific issues. But, basically, it was the resistance from some quarters in the Vatican to actually change.","Does it surprise you that someone as high up as Cardinal Pell has been accused?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"abused by a priest\" - This phrase refers to a specific type of abuse, sexual abuse, rather than physical abuse or verbal abuse.","questions":"Which type of abuse did \"abused by a priest\" specifically refer to?","answer":"sexual"}
{"text":["It's like a bird treadmill. I mean, it's the same idea, right?","Right.","And the point of this study, which Ivo Ros is doing, was to figure out how much energy it takes to fly. So they have a little heart monitor hooked up to the cockatiels. But again, like imagine what this is like for the cockatiels. So there's all this training involved because for a bird to be flapping their wings and not going anywhere is really weird. So they have to, you know, encourage them not to sit on the bars. And it just was. . .","There's no scenery changing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"There's no scenery changing.\" - The literal meaning of this phrase is that there is no change in the scenery, but in the context of the conversation, it is used to suggest that the experiment may be boring for the cockatiels, as they are not able to fly and experience changes in their environment as they would in the wild.","questions":"How might the cockatiels feel during the experiment?","answer":"restricted"}
{"text":["So, what was a moment that crystallized for you what it was going to be like?You're. . .","Mm-hmm.","You were all the way through it, right?From. . .","Yeah, I started there in kindergarten, and I went through all the way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B is confirming that A attended the same school from kindergarten until graduation.","questions":"How long?","answer":"a"}
{"text":["And let's just say, it was a fishing expedition. It was financed by Trump's opponents in both parties. Some fishing expeditions do come back with fish. And if this one actually did and some of that finds its way into the hands of special independent prosecutor Bob Mueller's investigators, then the dossier might, in some sense, inform their questions about Russian interference because all of this was about Trump's ties to people in Russia.","Right. And those questions about Russian interference will also be front and center in the upcoming hearings that we mentioned for the tech giants - Facebook, Twitter and Google executives who are going to be before Congress over two days this coming week. What will they be grilled about?","You know, in recent days, we have learned a good deal more about how extensive the Russian involvement in social media was, particularly the number of ads running on Facebook and how they were targeted. And some of this was using some of the people in Facebook who work with advertisers - big advertisers - and who help you target exactly the people you're trying to reach.","So this might have been - it appears to have been one of the main ways in which these Russian elements were trying to put a big thumb on the scale in the 2016 election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Put a thumb on the scale: to take deliberate and unfair steps to influence the outcome of a situation.","questions":"What does the phrase \"put a thumb on the scale\" mean?","answer":"Unfair"}
{"text":["We should note that USA Today, which when it was founded in 1982, said it would never endorse a candidate for president - didn't want to go to that kind of - didn't want to participate in that kind of politics - has not endorsed a candidate but has said, in some departure from their usual policy, Donald Trump is unfit to be president, so don't vote for him.","What's an editorial worth in this age of social media?","You know, we know that people don't read newspaper editorials by and large. And if they ever read one, it's usually something like this in the presidential season. But we know that people read about them and hear about them.","And that's where, in the age of social media, they may actually matter more because people are going to be talking about this wipeout, this refusal of people who, remember, historically, have almost always gone with Republicans, to go with Donald Trump.","OK, now Miss Universe. Did Hillary Clinton set a trap for Donald Trump, which he sprang on himself?","You know, this story could have gone away in 24 hours or 48 hours. It could have had some impact on Monday night and perhaps, then, just gone away. We've heard an awful lot of high impact stories come and go already in this campaign."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) And that's where, in the age of social media, they may actually matter more because people are talking about this wipeout","questions":"Which media platform enhances the significance of the wipeout mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Social"}
{"text":["Well, first of all, I don't think anybody's going to negotiate very seriously with a gun to their head. And the history of these things is that presidents win and the party in Congress that causes a shutdown tends to lose. So I think the president's made it clear he's not negotiating until funding is restored to the government.","I think in Congress there's certainly, around the edges, some places that we can make some arrangements, shorten the amount of time - although I thought 30 days was short enough, all things considered - and, you know, perhaps, you know, begin negotiations elsewhere. But you literally cannot complete legislation this fast. It's not as if the Democrats, you know, have a proposal that's been drafted into legislation that I'm aware of. So sooner or later, we're going to have to reopen the government, and I hope sooner.","Didn't your party get a tax bill done pretty quickly?","No. It took months and months and months and months of - here, I mean, that lasted over a year.","I mean, they were scrawling in the document up until the last second."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : (5) - The speaker is implying that the tax bill was hastily and carelessly put together, even though it was actually thoroughly worked on.","questions":"How was the tax bill put together, according to the speaker in turn 4?","answer":"Thoroughly"}
{"text":["Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn B: The actual meaning of \"What makes Flame different?\" is not a literal question seeking to identify what sets Flame apart from other things. Instead, it is a rhetorical question used to introduce the topic of discussion and prompt the guest to provide information about Flame's unique characteristics.","questions":"Which question does Turn 3 function as?","answer":"Introduce"}
{"text":["But I think that the common thread in a lot of these cities is just that these systems are old. The systems are old and maintenance has been deferred on them. And, you know, in different ways and at different times, that's starting to catch up.","So it's part of the crumbling infrastructure problem in America?","(Laughter) Yeah, you could say that. I mean, I think that, you know - and certainly, when you think about it, these are some of the oldest pieces of infrastructure we have. Often when we talk about the crumbling infrastructure, folks are worried about our highway system or our bridges and so forth. But as you said, New York subway system is 112 years old. Boston's is even older. The rail system in San Francisco is also quite old. So this is some of the oldest infrastructure we have. And so it's not that surprising that it's starting to give out.","It's a special kind of horror to be delayed for, let's say, even half an hour or even five minutes, for that matter, in a subway car that's stalled that has no electricity that's well underneath the ground and the air is stifling. And that - just the fear of that happening is enough to drive people away, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : And that - just the fear of that happening is enough to drive people away, isn't it?\" Implicated meaning: B is suggesting that the fear of experiencing the unpleasant situation described earlier (being delayed in a stalled subway car with no electricity and stifling air) is enough to make people avoid or choose alternatives to using the subway system altogether. The phrase \"drive people away\" implies a strong deterrent effect on potential users of the subway.","questions":"Which phrase implies a strong deterrent effect on potential users of the subway?","answer":"Deterrent"}
{"text":["Well, things are more quiet than usual. There's many, many fewer people and cars out on the street during the day because of the day of mourning. People are just (unintelligible). And it's also the weather is really bad. There is like a storm and cold and rain, so people are staying home, and then some people go out to celebrate New Year's Eve tonight. A lot of people won't because of the situation.","But it's a situation that is reflected all over the Arab world and many other parts of the world where people are really angry about what's going on. They think Israel is using excessive force. But they feel frustrated because they can't do anything about it, and their governments aren't - seemingly aren't doing anything about it either.","Leaders are calling for an end to the violence, but there hasn't been much talk in terms of specifics. What can be done to accomplish that goal of ending these attacks?","Well, if they wanted to do something, they could a lot - diplomatically, politically, economically - but they are really more talk than action. This is the problem. The Arab leaders I think genuinely share their people's anger with what's going on in the Israeli attack. Many Arab leaders are also angry at Hamas. They don't like Hamas very much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : 'Leaders are calling for an end to the violence, but there hasn't been much talk in terms of specifics.' implies that leaders are not taking specific actions to end the violence.","questions":"How are leaders addressing the issue of violence in terms of specifics?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["One of the points that you make in the book is that there were always competitors to Boas' ideas. In fact, one of his sort of chief antagonists was a person named Grant. What's. . .","Madison Grant, yeah.","Madison Grant, who actually created some of the institutions which continue to survive today as anti-immigrant think tanks.","That's right. On the one hand, Madison Grant - you know, we owe the survival of the American bison to him. We owe so many of the great conservation institutions to him and conservation areas in the American West to him. But he at the same time believed deeply that what he was seeing in New York - he was from New York, living in New York - was the same thing he had experienced in traveling through the American West - that is, he understood what it was like when noble creatures could suddenly be brought down by invading species or their environment changing, and suddenly, the bison, the elk, the wolf were in danger."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Noble implies the creature was native to the land","questions":"Which creature was considered noble according to A?","answer":"Bison"}
{"text":["Good to be with you, Scott.","Do you think President Trump was essentially trying to back off and ease tensions with Iran this week?","Scott, let's begin by saying there was relief, widespread and bipartisan, when the president pulled back instead of pulling the trigger. But the larger confrontation he's created here still has very few avenues for escape. It's possible this show of last-minute restraint may make renewed negotiations possible, but it could also heighten the tension to the point where the Iranians cannot come to the table. They have complicated domestic politics to deal with, just as we do. So the moment of hesitation on the president's part could ultimately produce an even greater degree of anxiety, an even more disastrous hour of reckoning.","A number of people have questioned parts of the president's account, especially a statement that he wasn't given or asked for - whatever it was - an estimate of casualties until the strikes had almost begun."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Come to the table means to show up or to engage with others.","questions":"What could be the possible outcome of the moment of hesitation on the president's part, according to A?","answer":"greater"}
{"text":["And a lot of people might ask, how are you measuring innovation and creativity?","Well, most people measure innovation typically by looking at rates of patenting. Now people have become to track the number of start-up companies emerging in urban centers or the venture capital. And the good news is that cities are upping the ante. New York now, Manhattan is the second highest center for venture capital-backed start-up companies behind only Silicon Valley. But the other caution I wanted to make, and I think you know and folks listening know I'm a dyed-in-the-wool urbanist, that also places like Silicon Valley, which are somewhat car-dependent, can work. They can emulate many of the functions of the city.","So as we begin to build denser cities, the key is not just piling up people in buildings higher and higher and higher and creating vertical suburbs where people just interact in the building, it's to build cities that can be dense, that can have multi-story buildings, that can be close together. But having that interaction is a key part of keeping our cities innovation and creative not only here but in those emerging economies around the world.","Is there a difference in expense as well?Some of those older buildings in New York, hardly any place in Manhattan that anyone would describe as cheap, but they're less expensive in SoHo or Chelsea than they are in one of those big high-rise buildings in Midtown."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Building denser cities is not just about creating vertical suburbs but also about fostering interaction to keep cities innovative and creative.","questions":"Which aspect of building denser cities is not just about creating vertical suburbs?","answer":"Vertical"}
{"text":["That's Odysseas Papadimitriou, CEO of the personal finance website WalletHub. We've heard about credit card debt being a problem for middle and working classes before, but it's now become an issue for the upper-middle class. Papadimitriou says they're in the sweet spot for this type of easy lending.","It is the consumer group that wants to take on some additional debt and also has the income and the assets to justify so.","On top of that, recent numbers show that people approaching retirement age are also accruing larger amounts of credit card debt.","You know, they're away from retirement enough years to feel like, I will make up for it later on. Let me go and make this purchase. And then they end up later on in retirement with credit card debt."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The sweet spot means they are in a good situation financially to lend to others.","questions":"What is the position of the consumer group regarding additional debt?","answer":"Wants"}
{"text":["Amyloid is a very big one. We need to fulfill our research obligations there to examine it to the hilt. But there could be other proteins, the Tao protein, Alpha Synuclein, a variety of other proteins that could be involved, and hence we need to throw the landscape open with respect to what might be other potential targets in the various cascades that are described to produce the results of Alzheimer's disease.","I have about 20 seconds left, but just in this last little bit, there's a clinical test - a clinical trial to test this drug starting soon. Will these new studies affect that trial?","No, I don't think so. I mean, I think that the phase one trial of Bexarotene going forth in humans to test its safety and efficacy I think is entirely appropriate. So I would not pull back. I mean, there are some cautionary notes in these papers, but I wouldn't sabotage the overall program by this.","Thank you for joining us today."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : We need to examine it as much as we can possibly can. We need to get people involved with Alzheimers to learn about  other things that can cause the disease.","questions":"Which disease requires further examination in the dialogue?","answer":"ALZHEIMER"}
{"text":["And I just am saying to my Republican friends, look, I get it. I understand that there's certain things that he's said that really you can't ever look that way, but take a look. We're still months away from the election.","Mr.  Kelly, if you were advising Donald Trump - and, you know, he might hear this - is there some magic sentence that he could come up with that would - that would help heal things over?","I think he's already worked in that direction. I - I've never met Mr.  Trump, by the way, but I have been watching him. I've watched a Donald Trump who's different today than the Donald Trump I saw three or four weeks ago. I think he is a man who does understand messaging. He understands talking to people.","And as I said earlier, Mr.  Trump's success was not based just on his own ability and his own talent. It was working with many other people to get to something that was mutually beneficial. I've watched Mr.  Ryan. And I said before, he has more depth than the Pacific Ocean when it comes to policy, but he also works well with people to get to some common ground that makes sense. I would just say this - and Donald Trump doesn't need any advice from Mike Kelly. Paul Ryan doesn't need any advice from Mike Kelly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) B's question about a \"magic sentence\" that Donald Trump could come up with to heal things over implies a desire for a quick fix or easy solution to a complex problem of political division, which may not be realistic or possible.","questions":"Which question did PersonB ask Mr. Kelly about Donald Trump's ability to heal political division?","answer":"Sentence"}
{"text":["Well, you could say both. You know, in 2010, the parent company declared bankruptcy. There's significant debt surrounding and hanging over National Enquirer's parent company. But you can't separate this from the scandals. The Washington Post, in its reporting, claims that the hedge fund manager who's sort of controlling owner now of American Media says that he's disgusted by what he's learned. This is not really anything new for the Enquirer, but don't forget the legal trouble the Enquirer has been in. You know, it got dragged into the investigation of Michael Cohen and others. It had to, essentially, negotiate with prosecutors in order to avoid prosecution. And indeed, the Bezos scandal may raise the legal stakes once more.","I mean, we've probably all joked at the grocery store checkout stand, like, looking at the headlines - who would ever buy the National Enquirer?Well, now it's like a more serious question. Who would buy the National Enquirer?","Well, you know, in a straight world, you might say TMZ, the digital gossip site. It's hard to know. It's a damaged brand. It is a notable brand. Somebody may buy it as a plaything, or there's been speculation Jeff Bezos would want to strangle it, buy it and put it out. . .","Wow. That would be. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The National Enquirer is not a credible source of news and is often joked about.","questions":"Which news publication is often joked about at grocery store checkout stands?","answer":"National"}
{"text":["Well, popularity is very important. The outdoor world needs more visitors and better accessibility. The difficulty with managing that side of it is that construction can have adverse effects to the natural areas if you start doing different buildings and that sort of thing on top of it, but yes.","Is this an anomaly, though, when we're talking just about Horseshoe Bend or have you seen other spaces that have changed?","I have. A smaller one in Colorado is Conundrum Hot Springs. After it became a spot for people to easily find on social media, the amount of visitorship (ph) went up really high. And since this is a very remote location where people kind of hang around for a long time in the hot springs, they ran out of places to go to the bathroom. As a result, Conundrum Hot Springs had to be shut down for a little bit while park rangers were up there with shovels to relieve that issue.","Meaning they were building bathrooms because people were just, like, basically. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The park rangers had to build bathrooms at Conundrum Hot Springs because of the high number of visitors.","questions":"Which location had to be shut down temporarily due to visitors' bathroom needs?","answer":"Conundrum"}
{"text":["There's a group of Americans who've been dubbed the Young Invincibles. They're not, of course. But they are young, healthy and people the administration needs to buy health coverage under the Affordable Care Act. The new health insurance exchanges opened October 1st and officials want at least 2. 7 million of the seven million estimated new enrollees to fall inside that 18 to 35 age range to keep insurance rates low.","The president and Hollywood stars have made special appeals to this group, nicely reminding them that those who choose not to enroll have to pay a fine. In 2011, over 18 million of these young adults were not insured for health care.","We spoke with Lisa Dubay, a fellow at the Urban Institute, about why many have not had coverage.","Only about 11 percent of the uninsured Young Invincibles aren't purchasing coverage because they think they don't need it. Most of them are saying they're not purchasing coverage because it's unaffordable. So I'm not convinced that they're not going to enroll. I think they probably will enroll. If the rates are good and they look like they're going to be low with the subsidies, I think that we will get Young Invisibles to come in. And they have a lot of options."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Affordable Care Act provides an incentive for young people to obtain health coverage, as those who do not enroll will incur a financial penalty.","questions":"Which Act provides an incentive for young people?","answer":"AffordableCareAct"}
{"text":["So having become an overnight success after what 35, 40 years of writing poetry, you've also gotten opportunities. Tell us a little bit about \"At War With Ourselves. \"","Oh, my goodness. Well. . .",". . . I was sitting in my car one day, and I got a phone call from the University of Maryland. And they were - they are one of the four schools that has been chosen to celebrate the sesquicentennial end of the Civil War. And the call - the caller told me that they had already commissioned the Kronos Quartet to be a part of this celebration and that they also wanted to invite the amazing musician Terence Blanchard and Nikky Finney to be a part of whatever we were going to create to honor the end of the Civil War, and would I be interested in joining this band of beautiful musicians.","And I forgot that the windows were rolled up in the car and I, you know, the temperature went from - I don't know - 90 to 130. And I just raised my hand to the opportunity."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The success came quickly with one book after writing for many years.","questions":"How long did it take for the success to come?","answer":"35"}
{"text":["I went out last night, actually, to try to catch some of the World Series. And some of the bars are starting to reopen. But everywhere that you go, the only power that people have is running off of generators or running off of some solar power. You really do not see people getting much power from the grid.","Do you see people at work on the power system?","You do - absolutely. I mean, this is like this incredible project that is happening all across the island. There are crews that are out there. You see them moving. But you also see that there are power lines down absolutely everywhere. I mean, you know, we are talking weeks after Maria came through, and they're just - you know, wires are still lying all over the place. You know, big towers are down. It's dominating the media. It's dominating the news everyday. This is the obsession in Puerto Rico right now - is the power.","People must be frustrated. Who are they blaming?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The lack of power is a major issue in Puerto Rico after the hurricane.","questions":"How is the power situation in Puerto Rico after the hurricane?","answer":"lack"}
{"text":["U. S.  Secretary of State Mike Pompeo blamed Iran for the latest incidents and used strong language, calling them an attack on international peace and security as well as an assault on freedom of navigation. Iran maintains that it had no role in the explosions and called the U. S.  accusations part of a campaign against Iran. And all of this is taking place as the Trump administration is hoping to pressure Iran for what it considers better terms after earlier pulling the U. S.  out of the deal aimed at curbing Iran's nuclear campaign.","So in this moment of rising tension, we thought it would be helpful to get perspective from someone who's been involved in previous negotiations between the two nations. Gary Sick negotiated the agreement that ended the hostage crisis that began during the Carter administration. He's now a senior research scholar at Columbia University's Middle East Institute. Gary Sick, welcome. Thanks for joining us.","It's good to be with you.","How do you view what happened this week?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The U.S. blames Iran for the explosions, but Iran denies involvement and considers it part of a campaign against them.","questions":"Which country denies involvement in the explosions?","answer":"Iran"}
{"text":["That's an excellent question, and we're particularly challenged in this regard. On the Princeton campus, we have the only Civil War memorial in the world, as far as I know, that lists the names of students who died both for the Southern cause and the Northern cause but without indicating the side for which they died.","So the official Civil War memory as it was encoded on this campus was what we would call a reconciliationist memory. Each boy was equally right. Each boy was fighting for the side that he believed in. And it's a way of remembering the Civil War that completely erases slavery as the cause of the war and the great moral stake of that war. So this tension between remembering and commemorating is front and center in a monument on our own campus.","And so what are your thoughts on that tension?","(Laughter) I don't think we need to change our Civil War monument. I think it's an artifact of a particular historical time, and I think it's a wonderful starting point for a conversation about why Princeton chose to remember her alumni in that particular way."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Civil War monument on Princeton campus erases slavery as the cause of the war and the great moral stake of that war.","questions":"Which event does the Civil War monument on Princeton campus fail to acknowledge?","answer":"slavery"}
{"text":["He's had some injuries for most of the last two or three years. He's had a bad shoulder, he has to wrap his elbow a lot, but no injury has caused him to miss a game since September 2001, since he took over the Patriots' quarterback job.","So, is there any suspicion that the injury he sustained yesterday was a result of an unfair hit?","I think some people in the Patriots thought it was, but you know, most of the people I talked to, including a future Hall of Fame safety, John Lynch, who used to play for the Patriots and is a very good friend of Tom Brady's, said there's no way it was a dirty hit. Things happen too quickly on the football field for some guy to say, I'm going to, in a calculating way, aim for Tom Brady's knee and try to put him out for the year. First of all, I think that's vastly overrated. That might have happened in 1968, but it doesn't happen in 2008, because there's too much respect among players to try to intentionally hurt another guy.","So, who is possibly going to fill these gigantic shoes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Football players today have too much respect for each other to intentionally hurt another player, despite injuries occurring on the field.","questions":"How did John Lynch describe the hit on Tom Brady?","answer":"Clean"}
{"text":["Yes, of course. Ja.","Does it work?Have you taken it for a spin?","We intentionally avoided to drive the car. But what is really interesting, after 162 years, we conducted this - we call it octagon engine because of the shape of the exterior of the engine. And we connected it to a battery supply and the engine is still working today.","So you've started it up."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implies that the speaker wants to know if the engine has been started and is running.","questions":"How is the engine functioning?","answer":"Working"}
{"text":["And so when two clumps of free protons and electrons hit each other, they will slow each other down. But dark matter has no charge. That's why we can't see it because the only reason you and I could see anything, it's because there's charges that are being accelerated. That's what light is. But if something has no charge, it doesn't give off light.","So yeah, so in the Bullet Cluster, dark matter and galaxies stayed together just as they should, and in Abell 520, they do not, and that is a mystery as to why exactly that is. There isn't a comfortable explanation that can be readily arrived at.","Is there a theory about what may be happening, or just - you have to just think about it some more?","Well, so there's a number of things that could be happening. All of them are slightly disturbing."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) The speaker is saying that there are several possible explanations for the behavior of dark matter, but all of them are somewhat unsettling.","questions":"How would you describe the possible explanations for the behavior of dark matter?","answer":"Unsettling"}
{"text":["And it's interesting. As you talk about this, the catcher today has regained some of that reputation from those days.","I think so. I think the catcher's toughness is really recognized. And also, the catcher's unique position, as somebody who's part of the offense and part of the defense, plays a key role in what the pitcher throws and the pitcher's ability to throw, you know, particularly balls in the dirt, which are very hard.","You know, if you don't have a good catcher back there, then the whole team is lost. And so I think the catcher has really started to regain the reputation of being a key contributor to both, and I think that's why so many great managers are former catchers.","We've been talking about Deacon White, the newest member of baseball's Hall of Fame. Baseball historian Peter Morris, thanks very much for your time today."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A good catcher is essential for the success of the team.","questions":"How does a good catcher contribute to the team's success?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["(Laughter) You know, initially, these started as two separate essays - an essay about pregnancy and an essay about my eating disorder that I had been trying to write for 15 years. And, you know, on one level, there was, you know, a very physical experience of stepping on the scale at my doctor's office and thinking, oh, this is the first time I've wanted the scale to read higher, and remembering back to this secret scale in my closet in college and how I would go in obsessively and religiously and just want the number to be lower and lower and thinking, what's the difference between that self then and this self now?","But it was also important to say, I think we can get really attached to these conversion narratives of self to say, I was this way back then, and I've gone 180 degrees, and I'm a totally different self now; I've left that old self behind. But I don't think that's how it works. I don't think we leave our old selves behind. I think we have to reckon with them. And this essay is also me reckoning with the ways that I've changed and with the ways that the ghosts of the old selves and the old fixations are still there, too.","Leslie Jamison, thank you so much for your time.","Thank you so much for your questions and for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They would go in every day without fail to weigh themself.","questions":"What did Leslie Jamison obsessively do in college?","answer":"weigh"}
{"text":["Yes.","And how do you guys work?For example, on a song \"Don't Forget the Ghetto. \"How did you guys combine your talents to make that song?","Well, on that particular song, I mean, the song was already written. The lyrics and the melody, you know, was already there. In that sort of situation, Victor will listen to what I'm singing, and how I'm singing it, and the he will kind of start vibing off that, and start kind of coloring the lyrics and the melody of the song, and put in his, kind of, creative input into it. So that's really how that song came about. It was very much his song, and, you know, the melody's already there, and then Victor just kind of did his thing around it.","What's the song about?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is asking about the process of collaboration, not the literal combination of talents.","questions":"What was already written for the song \"Don't Forget the Ghetto\"?","answer":"lyrics"}
{"text":["The problem is 90 percent of space in our military is in the Air Force. So what we're basically going to be doing is taking the current infrastructure - for example, Space Command in Colorado Springs will become the headquarters for the Space Corps. We're talking about taking the people that we need to take that deal with space and segregating them into a culture that appreciates them.","The Air Force has pushed back on this. The Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson said, quote, \"the Pentagon is complicated enough. This will make it more complex, add more boxes to the organization chart and cost more money. \"Is she wrong?","She's absolutely wrong. The bureaucracy is always going to fight reform - always, especially the Pentagon. They're fighting this because they don't want Congress meddling. You know, what I've told her is, in 16 years, the Air Force has not changed a thing. And they've got us in this situation now where Russia and China have become near peers. They're close to surpassing us. What we're proposing would change that.","I think what some people would say is that we are cooperating with the Russians on the International Space Station. Should space be the new frontier of warfare, or should it actually be a place where, indeed, these cooperations flourish?After all, we are all on one planet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Should space be the new frontier of warfare, or should it actually be a place where, indeed, these cooperations flourish?\" - This phrase implies that there is a debate over whether space should be viewed as a potential battlefield, or as a place where nations can work together peacefully and collaboratively on scientific and exploratory projects.","questions":"How does turn 3 suggest a potential conflict in the use of space? (Answer: \"Warfare\")","answer":"Warfare"}
{"text":["Hi.","So, where were you when the typhoon hit?","I was on the island of Baho, and Baho was affected yesterday about 2 P. M. The problem for Baho is that it had already been basically destroyed, parts of it, by a massive earthquake just three weeks ago. So, there are certain areas of Baho that were particularly vulnerable to the extreme weather that we had yesterday.","I know you're still struggling to assess things but what can you tell us about what conditions look like now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The people of Baha affected by the effect of typhoon not by by typhoon","questions":"Which island was affected by the typhoon, according to the turn in the statement?","answer":"Baho"}
{"text":["When we say those reductions are temporary, we have to remember that they go until at least 2025. So for most of us out there, regular working folks, seven years of tax reductions is a big deal. We can have that fight again in seven years. I'm sure the Democrats will be promoting increasing taxes in seven years. That's what the Democrats always promote. The Democrat plan today was to increase taxes by over a trillion dollars. So we have to remember what our alternative option was with the other party.","But why make it temporary for individuals who might need that tax relief when corporations, who are doing very well, get a permanent. . .","Yeah, you and I are on the same page. I think that's craziness. I don't like temporary tax reductions. I don't like temporary legislative fixes, generally. I want to see permanent legislative fixes. So I am against the fact that they are temporary, but I'd rather have, as a person who pays these taxes, as a middle-income person - I'd rather have seven years of tax reduction than what the Democrats were proposing, which was a trillion dollars in increased taxes.","I'd like to talk about the political ramifications. By and large, polls show this isn't popular, and it pushes through some very substantial changes in the financial lives of Americans. Do you think that there will be a cost come 2018?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"I'm sure the Democrats will be promoting increasing taxes in seven years. That's what the Democrats always promote.\" - The speaker is using hyperbole and making a generalization that may not be true for all Democrats.","questions":"Which party does the speaker imply always promotes increasing taxes?","answer":"Democrats"}
{"text":["I was like, yeah. She's like, what do you talk about?I say, my life, our life. And she's like, so you tell them about us and they pay you.","And she's like, I've never found you entertaining enough to pay you anything.","In fact, I wish you would shut up so - so she was - and my father is even worse. I mean, he's very dry. My mom has all the personality. My father is a - he's Swiss-German, so I mean he's just a combination of. . .","Known so much for their humor."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A: \"And she's like, so you tell them about us and they pay you.\" - The phrase \"she's like\" is a colloquialism that means \"she said\" or \"she asked\", and it does not convey the literal meaning of the speaker's words.","questions":"What does the phrase \"she's like\" mean in turn 0?","answer":"Mean"}
{"text":[". . . In a sense, were our forebears. And some of them were heroes.","Yeah, and lost their lives - one woman, in particular, staying at her post even though she probably knew that, given the scope of what was about to happen, she was going to lose her life. But she stayed.","This is Hettie Ogle.","Hettie Ogle - to send messages down the valley. But the problem is, once you get those messages down there, how do you disseminate it?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Hettie Ogle was a heroic woman who stayed at her post even though she knew she was going to die.","questions":"How would you describe Hettie Ogle's actions?","answer":"Heroic"}
{"text":["Well, I got to, or. . .","Or I'm doomed. I do think it is a good time for independent artists, period. And I feel like soul music in this country really has told the story of black Americans in this country, and right now the field is kind of narrow. So, from city to city, you go and you listen to the radio, and you try to find soul music on the radio, you're either listening to hip-hop, or you're listening to oldies and dusties and R&B.","So, there's a whole big huge chasm which some of us live in part of the time at least, where where's this music?Where is the new soul music?Where are the people that are writing the classics that are going to be around in 20 years, and 30 years, and 40 years?","Well, in addition to your own songs, you have sung other folks' work. And in 2004, you sang on a tribute album for Luther Vandross. Here's a little bit of \"Forever, For Always, For Love. \""],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Soul music is not as prevalent or appreciated as it should be","questions":"How is the field of soul music in the country currently?","answer":"Narrow"}
{"text":["Well, I think there's a growing consensus towards some form of certiship(ph), nationalization. I was very interested that Alan Greenspan, you know, noted as a conservative, has said that it looks like we will have no alternative for some of the banks but to nationalize them. And, this is what Sweden, Norway did, and it worked very well.","Why?What's the strength behind nationalizing banks?","First, you solve the problem of the misalignment between ownership and control. We provided to the banks now most of their capital, but we have no control, and they're going to be exercising using our money for their interest. And that's why we saw what we've seen in the last few months. We gave them a huge amount of money. We poured money into the banks, and they poured money out in the form of bonuses and in the form of dividends.","Now, if they were maximizing our interest, if they were maximizing the reason that the society gave them this money, they would have been using this money for lending or, the very least, for re-capitalizing the banks. That's why we gave them the money. But they were maximizing their own interest, and it was in their interest to pay this money out in bonuses and pay it out in dividends. That just illustrates the nature of the risk when there's a separation of ownership and control."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Pouring money is a metaphor, not literal. It just means the government gave a lot of money to the bank, who spent a lot on bonuses and dividends.","questions":"How did the banks use the money provided by the government?","answer":"Lending"}
{"text":["Well, you know, call me an old fashioned guy, but I like to see the U. S.  and the Russians figuring out areas where we can cooperate and going at it from there. So I think it's a good idea. But I do have a little caution about the notion that you bring people together and they're going to hit the side of the head with the palm of their hand and say, oh. Now we see this other guy isn't so bad.","Actually, they've been murdering each other for a couple of years now. And so bringing people together isn't necessarily going to help. I think what's more important is not so much getting people around a table, as getting people around some ideas for what this crazy country is going to look like in the future.","Again, going back to the example of Dayton, you said getting people together in one room did not work so well there.","Oh. You know, we had an opening banquet, which we had in this museum. I mean, it was an air museum, so, ironically, above the head of one the Serbs, we had a cruise missile, which had recently. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He says to call him a guy that likes to do things the way they used to be done years ago. He cautions against thinking that bringing people together will make them suddenly realize how wrong they had been.","questions":"What does the speaker caution against in turn 0?","answer":"realize"}
{"text":["Yes. I don't think the government contends that she was a spy. She pled guilty to one count of failing to register as a foreign agent. But still, in her statement of the offense, the activities she undertook weren't necessarily covert or spycraft. There's no allegation she's a member of Russian intelligence. And I think that's worn out, although she did pled guilty - plead guilty and is accepting responsibility for not registering as a foreign agent.","Yeah. What was she trying to do then?","She was trying to build bridges between the two countries, and through civil society groups, which I think happens with a lot of foreign nationals and foreign students.","Well, build bridges or - I'm going to mix metaphors here - or create a road in for Russian interests?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : build bridges implies engaging in good human relationship and connections","questions":"How does \"build bridges\" refer to the activities undertaken by the woman?","answer":"Engagement"}
{"text":["It's hard. It is really hard when every time you look up, three kids killed here, four people shot here, somebody getting killed right down the street, right around the corner. It's kind of discouraging sometimes trying to do as much as you can with the resources that you do have.","Boy, I mean, I think a lot of people listening, well, will be very moved, but, I mean, some of them have to be saying, wait a minute. The president of the United States is from the South Side. Don't people look up to him?","I definitely look up to Obama. Obama's a great guy. I never forget - March 31 I wrote the president. You know, I'm from your city, and we're dying down here every day. What are you doing up there to stop what's happening to us down here?And he wrote me back, a little girl in a little basement apartment in Englewood. He wrote me back.","I was able to use that letter to inspire the people that live in this neighborhood like me. Don't ever stop trying. And it just goes back to the movement. No matter how hard things get, no matter every day and I'll wake up and I look at the news and more people have been killed, more people have been shot, that just shows me that I still have work to do."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People are expecting the President to come up with solutions to address the issues in the South Side.","questions":"What do people expect from the President regarding the issues in the South Side?","answer":"Solutions"}
{"text":["So if we're negotiating in public, we're not really negotiating at all.","That's correct. What we're doing is playing chicken, all kinds of games with each other. It's just a mess. You know, whenever you get to the entitlements, and so everybody knows, I'm out of the Senate three years and a half, but I was there for 36 years, and much of my work was budgeting. If I were there, I would be right in the middle of this. You would have been hearing from me for the last two years, and you'd be tired of my voice.","And you, Neal, would have had me on so many times, you would have said I don't want you anymore.","Well, I doubt that, Senator."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning is that they are playing games with each other. The actual meaning is that they are engaged in political posturing and not serious negotiation.","questions":"How are PersonA and PersonB engaged in negotiation?","answer":"Playing"}
{"text":["Hey, Tony.","So, a recent New York Times article detailed Oprah Winfrey's growing influence, I should say, in Saudi Arabia, of all places. What's that about?","Well, yeah. \"The Oprah Show\" first broadcast in Saudi Arabia in November 2004, and it became an instant hit with women 25 and younger in that country, according to the Times. Now, the article reads, in a country where the sexes are separated, Ms.  Winfrey provides many young women with new ways of thinking without striking them, or Saudi Arabia's ruling authorities as subversive. So, you know, Oprah, love her or hate her, is always a flash point for conversation. And on our blog, Jessica writes, it's amazing to see a down to earth black woman from Mississippi appeal to so many different people here in the U. S.  and in other countries. Another reader named Zakita Jones(ph) says, I'm awed at how fast different forms of globalization are taking off and reaching other countries, but Candice James(ph) writes, Oprah works my last nerve. Saudi Arabia can have her!","Speaking of women's issues, another hot topic on our blog this week, women who are choosing to be single mothers. What's been the response?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Oprah Winfrey's show provides young Saudi Arabian women new ideas.","questions":"Which country was Oprah Winfrey's show an instant hit with young women 25 and younger?","answer":"SaudiArabia."}
{"text":["You know, it's not fair to put the blame on the entire system. You know, we countlessly says in sexual assaults it's not a fraternity problem. It's not an alcohol problem. But we also can't be naive enough not to point out that there seems to be a theme happening where people have this groupthink and are able to hide behind a larger organization.","Can you give us any more insight as to what the conversation on your editorial board's been like?","We were shocked and disgusted when this information came out. You know, one of our first editorials was just somewhat emotional - us explaining that we are very frustrated that this has happened. We are disgusted. These actions are vile, and we, as a student newspaper, are putting our foot down. We're not going to stand for it. As more information has unfolded, specifically the anonymous interview that came out in Philadelphia magazine - that was another topic of one of our editorials.","I don't know that story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"I don't know that story\" - This turn has a literal meaning, which is that the person speaking is not familiar with the story being referred to.","questions":"Which turn has a person expressing their lack of familiarity with a story?","answer":"3"}
{"text":["You do feel a special connection with Chopin, don't you?","Actually, I do. Many things have happened to me. I don't like the word paranormal. I like the word the unknown normal because that's what it really is.","So it's extraordinary that you should discover two different versions of a Chopin waltz that was previously unknown.","I agree. I was shocked - really shocked - when I found them. And then many things happened to me with Chopin through my life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Actually, I do. Many things have happened to me. I don't like the word paranormal. I like the word the unknown normal because that's what it really is.  In this turn, the speaker is not talking about feeling a special connection with Chopin, which is the literal meaning. Instead, they are talking about their experiences with the unknown or unexplained, and their preference for the term \"unknown normal\" instead of \"paranormal\".","questions":"What term does the speaker prefer to use instead of \"paranormal\"?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["Hi Farai. Great to be with you.","Always. So we've been following this situation in Zimbabwe and the situation includes a tainted election and economic collapse. Now the U. S.  has imposed new sanctions, accusing President Robert Mugabe of heading an illegitimate government that sponsors violence. Last week, the president - President Bush - signed an executive order that adds new financial restrictions against individuals and organizations linked to Mugabe's government. So South Africa criticized those new sanctions, saying they could actually obstruct these power sharing talks. What do you think?","Well I think the international community has to use everything in its tool kit to kind of acknowledge what has happened in Zimbabwe and to put pressure for change. I mean, what has happened is just unacceptable. You have had not only the flawed elections of March 29th, but again failed electoral process in June and you know, right now there is this critical period of negotiations, political negotiations that need real pressure and real support. So I think it is important that the international community does everything that it can to say that it is time for a change in Zimbabwe.","Clearly South Africa has had a lot at stake. The quiet diplomacy that we talk about with Mbeki. The quiet diplomacy has, well, brought some results, but not the results needed. And I think the African Union, the Southern African Development Community all have said that more is needed to bring really a chance for peace and also for justice in Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation in Zimbabwe is bad and the US has imposed new sanctions against Mugabe's government.","questions":"How did the US respond to the situation in Zimbabwe?","answer":"sanctions"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. But you see what I mean?Because it is about perception and how we need to be - to understand what we're seeing before we can really see it, that's really key to understanding this whole issue of climate change and why we see or don't see what's right in front of us.","What drew you to monarchs in the first place?","I had really wanted to write about the subject for a long time. I live in southern Appalachia. I am surrounded by neighbors and friends - people I respect very much - who don't really understand climate change or believe in it, even though, as farmers, they're getting socked by it. We've had unprecedented, disastrous weather time and again. So it's such a strange contradiction that the people in our continent who are first to feel the harm of a changing climate are the last to be able to talk about it.","That was such a conundrum and such rich territory for a novel to tread, that I was just looking for the right way to get into the subject. And one morning, I just woke up with this vision in my eyes of millions of butterflies covering the forest behind my house. I just - I mean, I didn't actually see it. I imagined it. I woke up and there it was, and I knew that was it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A deeper understanding of climate change is needed to comprehend its effects.","questions":"Which issue does the novel discussed by PersonA mainly focus on?","answer":"Perception"}
{"text":["Non-binary meaning they don't identify as male or female. They and many other English speakers have been using they like this for years. Here, Emily Brewster will use it in a sentence.","Here is my friend J. They will be joining us for dinner. The they is referring to this individual who is standing right here.","Now, there's been criticism of this usage - some by those who don't understand why someone might identify as non-binary but also by those who are put off by this change in grammar. They - the critics - say it's confusing to hear they are in a sentence if the speaker is only referring to one person. But our word expert disagrees. Brewster says we already do this with another pronoun.","The word you was originally a plural pronoun, and in the 14th century, it started to slide toward this use of being both plural and singular. And so when I am speaking to you, an individual, a single person, I say you are. I don't say you is. The you are is grammatical."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The criticism is by some that are offended by the langauge.","questions":"What is the reason for criticism of the usage of \"they\" as a non-binary pronoun?","answer":"confusion"}
{"text":["It certainly looks like he has taken a fatal downturn, and he needs to turn his campaign around totally. And he needs to show us that he really wants it. He has the organization, the money. There is still time. There'll be more debates. He can do it if he really wants it, but he's got to show us that.","A lot of talk about the way CNBC ran the debate. And as a matter of fact, the Republican National Committee has suspended its agreement with NBC for a later debate. How do you read this?","Another effective counterpunch, really. Moderators had tough questions here. They were challenging, and they bordered at times on the insulting, contemptuous. The candidates were bristling at this. And then Ted Cruz really unloaded on it with a big screed about the mainstream media bias, and it brought down the house - very sympathetic audience, by the way. And all of the candidates started fighting back, things got unruly. And then after the debate, the candidates' staffs all complained to the Republican National Committee chairman, and he pulled the plug on NBC's contract. You know, we're going to have some - probably see some format changes here with regard to some of the other upcoming debates on other networks that the Republicans have contracted with.","Regardless of any political motives, could the debate format stand some tinkering after we've seen three of them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implication of this statement is that the RNC pulled the plug on NBC's contract as a result of the reaction that the candidates had to the debate format, not necessarily due to any political motives.","questions":"How did the RNC's decision on NBC's contract relate to the debate format?","answer":"Format"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Good morning.","Thank you for having me.","Do you still feel a wall wouldn't be effective?","Absolutely. No. I mean, again - and I've said this before - a wall is definitely not going to be statistically significant. And the current existing wall, in fact, has had many issues. In reference to breaching the wall, I know some of the reports out had, existing walls have been breached thousands of times. And again, going back to the price tag that is going to cost the American taxpayer - it's just an incredible amount of money that's just going to be wasted."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A opposes a wall due to its inefficiency and cost","questions":"How does PersonA feel about the effectiveness and cost of a wall?","answer":"Ineffective"}
{"text":["So the motive question remains fuzzy at this point. We might learn more about that later. In terms of what weapons he used, it was a . 45 caliber handgun. And he had with him several extended ammunition magazines and this device called a sound suppressor. And, you know, he entered the building using his city-issued ID, just using his swipe badge. And officials said, you know, he had done that very act, you know, every single workday for the previous 15 years. He was a longtime employee of the city.","And what will be going on this weekend, Bobby?","So there's going to be a number of memorials families of the victims will be planning here in Virginia Beach. And, you know, I have to say that city officials are talking about really bolstering services for the families who are grieving, who are going to be dealing with the turmoil that is now part of their life for quite some time. And, you know, the city manager told reporters earlier that in just, you know, less than 24 hours since the shooting happened, people have been pouring support into the families in terms of money, in terms of food, in terms of even bringing support dogs that might take their mind off the tragedy for a little bit. So already, he was saying, that the community is rising up in the wake of this terrible tragedy.","NPR's Bobby Allyn in Virginia Beach, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is unclear exactly what the motive for the actions was.","questions":"How was the weapon used by the perpetrator described?","answer":"handgun"}
{"text":["Well, crown-of-thorn starfish are found across much of the Pacific Ocean and Indian Oceans. They are - they're about dinner-plate size, multiple arms, have little thorn-like spines coming out of them. They're also quite venomous. So the last thing you want to do is touch one and have it prick you, and it can cause paralysis.","But the important part for the corals is that these things are wonderful eating machines. They move slowly across the reef. They actually invert their stomach onto the corals and dissolve the coral tissue, you know, digesting it as they go. And they leave (technical difficulties) white behind them as they move forward.","So they're like little bulldozers.","Yeah, it's sort of like bulldozers. It's almost more like having a wave of people with flamethrowers going through the brush. You know, the coral physically is left behind, but it's all dead."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Comparison to bulldozers and flamethrowers emphasizes the destructive impact on coral reefs","questions":"How does the comparison to bulldozers and flamethrowers emphasize the impact on coral reefs?","answer":"Destructive"}
{"text":["Yeah.","You know, so, yeah, I think that there are people who really enjoy - just like it's sort of a niche market that people like the Winter Olympics. But largely, I think a lot of people who couldn't tell, you know, an Olympic torch from, you know, a fire extinguisher are waiting to find out if - can we wrest the gold medal back in basketball?","Why do you think that is?I remember watching the Olympics growing up, you know, and as a young man, I mean, it was big, big deal. You wanted to watch all of it. That's how you learned about other sports that you didn't even know anything about was through watching the Olympics. But it seems of late that it's lost some of that. I don't know if it's because of the doping scandals and Marion Jones and others. Why do you think that our interest has changed?","That's a great question. But I think it's - what's happening in entertainment in general is that there's just so much on our palette. There are so much to choose from and to watch. You know, when we were kids, you know, back in oh-hundreds, you know?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is reflecting on the declining interest in Olympics and questioning the reasons behind it.","questions":"Which speaker is discussing the decline in interest in the Olympics?","answer":"b"}
{"text":["Well, you're talking about scholarships, and that's interesting. We've seen now at least one major university and many more smaller colleges offering esports scholarships, which is this new development where schools are now getting in on this. And they're recruiting top gamers and - or esports athletes, as they're known. What's in it for a university?Why are they getting in on this, too?","What's funny is it's a really big recruitment tool for them. Typical esports gamers, they over-index with engineers and with math majors. And so they're trying to, you know, bring in sort of the best of the best in those disciplines into the school, and this is a way to do it.","Wow.","At least that's what the gamers tell their mothers."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn 4, the speaker is implying that the claims made by gamers to their mothers may not be true.","questions":"What doubts does the speaker express about the gamers' claims?","answer":"Truthfulness"}
{"text":["Sure.","But any - is there any other practical dimension to your support right now?","We have an open-door policy. Anybody can come anytime of the day or night that they need help. We have done know your rights training. We disseminate that information with a lot of frequency. So we make sure that people get in their hands the steps they need to take if they should have an encounter with ICE.","Do they have any rights?This is one thing that I'm unclear about because I think - do people have any rights?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the organization provides assistance to those who may have encounters with ICE and educates them on their rights","questions":"Which organization provides education on rights for those who may encounter ICE?","answer":"Organization"}
{"text":["Yes. We've had - you know, when it first started, there was some congressional interest. But I mean, nobody can do anything, right?I mean, the Trump administration doesn't appear to listen to anybody but Donald Trump.","There is wide bipartisan support for the U. S.  taking a tougher line with China. But what sort of deal would you like to see?","I mean, I'd be happy if they just took away the 25% tax so I could compete on a level playing field, right?The tariffs they imposed on our lobsters in China never bothered anybody because it was equal for everybody, so it was no harm, no foul. I don't expect to get a better trade tariff rate than the Canadians when this is over, if it's ever over. You just can't sit here and wait forever.","Yeah. So if things continue the way they are for a few more months, is there a real threat that you guys will go out of business?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite congressional interest, the Trump administration is not listening to anyone but Donald Trump","questions":"Which administration is not listening to anyone but Donald Trump?","answer":"Trump"}
{"text":["I hate to see it fade out.","Yeah, me too.","There's another story that really sounds like it has to be made up, about the driver who brought a hotshot guitarist from Macon, Georgia to Stax for a session.","Yeah. The driver kept bugging the musicians in the studio to give him a chance. And someone had promised him, OK, buddy, you know, chill out for a second. You'll get your chance. When nothing happened with the big talent, people had already started packing up their cars when they remembered, oh yeah, we got to let this guy try."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) A is implying that they also share a shared sadness about the same thing. ","questions":"How does PersonA feel about the fading out mentioned by B?","answer":"Sadness"}
{"text":["What's the diet?","Yeah. I mean, are you juicing five minutes an hour or. . .","No, there isn't any particular diet, particular training. I know I made a training video, but it was just a spoof of the Rocky Montage training. So rather than knocking out an opponent, my job was to knock out the kettle.","Oh, my word. Well, you know, I'd vowed to stay away from this, but I have to ask. So you've seen \"Guys and Dolls\"?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Are you juicing five minutes an hour means are you juicing (eating fruits or vegetables in liquid form) for five minutes every hour? ","questions":"What is the implied meaning of \"juicing\"?","answer":"Fruits"}
{"text":["And so in my defense perhaps, you know, overly defensive, I said Anne(ph), just because some Negro preacher, got his hand caught in a cookie jar, that's not my problem. She said I can't believe you. I said, well, he wouldn't have been indicted if he wasn't guilty. She said, what?","So, how did it get to the point where you got on the bus, so to speak?","His secretary, Dora McDonald called back and said, oh, Mr.  Jones \u2014 I never met her, I heard her over the phone \u2014 she says, you know, Dr.  King, he enjoyed so much his visit with you. He's a guest preacher over in Los Angeles, and he wanted you to come and see him and hear him preach on Sunday. And so, after I got the message, I told my wife verbatim what the message was from Dora McDonald. And her reaction, again, she went on the offensive. She says, well, you may not be going to Montgomery, but you are going to that church.","So, I go this church of Reverend H. B. Charles, I think that's the name of the church, and I go into this church. I'm sitting there about the 25th row and so forth, and Dr.  King gets up after he's introduced, and he gets up and he says, brothers and sisters, the text of my sermon today is the role and responsibility of a Negro professional to aid our less fortunate people who are struggling in the South."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"the role and responsibility of a Negro professional to aid our less fortunate people who are struggling in the South\" - This statement implies that the speaker is discussing the responsibility of educated African-Americans to help those in need in the Southern United States. The literal meaning is the topic of Dr. King's sermon.","questions":"How did Dr. King introduce the topic of his sermon?","answer":"The"}
{"text":["Yeah. It's hard to understand today just how much the catcher, especially in the 1870s, dominated the baseball game. A single baseball game was - really revolved around the catcher's ability to harness what the pitcher was pitching, and everything revolves around that. The pitcher couldn't use his best pitches if he had - he didn't have confident - confidence in the catcher.","So he really was a sort of iconic folk hero, dominated the game in a way that I think no player ever has before or since and - at a point to where people resented it and would say, you know, this is a game played by two players while the other seven just kind of watch.","The pitcher and the catcher and everybody else watches. The catcher's - well, we are familiar with the crouched position right behind home plate. That was not what they did in the 1870s.","No. They stood, sometimes a little stooped but mostly straight up, and they would just catch the ball and be ready to throw it to bases immediately. And the way that they would throw it sort of made them look like gunslingers. And so that really fed into the whole icon of them, the whole idea of them as American folk heroes."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The catcher played a crucial role in baseball games in the 1870s.","questions":"Which position was the catcher in the 1870s?","answer":"Catcher"}
{"text":["If you've had trouble keeping up with the latest news on potential contact between Donald Trump's presidential campaign and Russia, you are not alone. Developments have been relentless. Just Friday night, The Washington Post reported that White House adviser Jared Kushner may have tried to set up a secret line of communication between the Trump transition team and the Russian government. But it's not just the constant stream of news. It's also the concepts themselves that are opaque. We've invited Jonathan Turley to the studio to help us clarify. He's a law professor at George Washington University. Thanks so much for being here today.","Thank you very much.","All right. Jared Kushner has gone from a \"person of interest,\" quote, unquote, to a focus in the investigation but not confirmed as a, quote, \"target. \"","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is expressing gratitude for being invited to the studio.","questions":"Which emotion does the speaker express in response to PersonB's statement about Jared Kushner?","answer":"Laughter"}
{"text":["How do you feel about the United States now?","It was my home, and it is my home. And it will be my home because I have nowhere else to go. If I went somewhere else, I wouldnt be alive.","Is there something you'd like the Army and the Department of Defense and everyone to know about you?","I am more patriotic than many Americans. I am ready to lay my life down for this country and for the safety of its people. Im not a bad person, and I have never committed a crime. My life is in danger if the institutions like USCIS and DOD does not help me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A needs the help of USCIS and DOD to save their life.","questions":"How is PersonA's life in danger?","answer":"Danger"}
{"text":["Boy, melodrama going on, on the Washington football club whose team name I refuse to utter. Coach Shanahan benching Robert Griffin III for the rest of the season - good idea or. . .","Well, it's all part of a bigger power play. The big problem is the owner. The problem with the Redskins goes back to Daniel Snyder. He's worse than George Steinbrenner, worse than Marge Schott; worse than all of them. He's one of the worst owners that you could possibly have. When he started, he had past-prime players with Deion Sanders and Bruce Smith trying to make a splash.","We're about to run out of time. Not much time for many more worse, yes?","Awful. He's just bad."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The coach's decision to bench Griffin is indicative of larger issues within the organization, likely stemming from the owner's poor management.","questions":"Which decision is indicative of larger organizational problems?","answer":"Benching"}
{"text":["Was part of the problem that they knew it was Einstein's brain, and therefore they were predisposed to see things?","Exactly right, exactly right. It's rather like seeing faces or shapes in clouds. Those shapes really aren't in the clouds. They're in your mind.","Forgive me - what amounts to a philosophical question - why have we been fascinated by Einstein's brain matter over the years?","Well, I think it's kind of a cult of personality. He was obviously a very, very bright individual but one of the, kind of, myths of his intellect is that he was this great over-towering mathematician. In fact, he wasn't - amongst his colleagues in physics - a particularly good mathematician. And that's kind of overlooked in the kind of cult of personality about him.","Do we find it interesting - or maybe reassuring - to try and look for special clues in Einstein's brain because, I mean, if it can all be traced to the guy's brain, we can hardly be held responsible for being born with, you know, what amounts to inferior material?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : In (2), President Obama's commitment of money and military personnel is a literal statement, but it implies that he is taking action to help with the Ebola crisis.","questions":"How did President Obama show his commitment to help with the Ebola crisis in (2)?","answer":"Personality"}
{"text":["Yes. There's our only two fans in the room. That's great.","It is great, but surely not the reaction that Slat expected when he first dreamed up his plan to clean the ocean. Here's Slat explaining his original concept the first time we spoke in 2016.","I envisioned an extremely long network of floating barriers. They're like curtains floating in the ocean. And because it's in a V shape, the plastic gets pushed towards the center. And that's the spot where we can efficiently extract it from the seawater and store it before shipping it to land for recycling.","Well, as we know, Slat's idea didn't quite work as planned."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They are long strips of material that cover a wide area.","questions":"Which shape do the floating barriers form?","answer":"V-shape."}
{"text":["I think that's up to the nominee to determine who his vice president will be. Certainly, I think she brings some things to the table that would be great for a team, as I indicated. There are a lot of women out there who would like to see her play some significant role, perhaps as vice president. She obviously went into the rural community, and whipped up some small-town votes.","And so I think she does bring something to the table that would cause her to be considered. And I think she will be considered by Barack Obama. So now they have to get together, and work it out, and see if it works for them.","When you think about this race, you have so many people who are so emotionally invested, both people in the political community but certainly American citizens. What would you say to someone, yourself as a stalwart Democrat, who said, as many people have said, you know what?I'm not going to vote for Obama. I'm going to vote for McCain. I'm a Hillary supporter. I can't stomach voting for Obama.","Well, the first thing I think is that it is time for people to focus on the issues, the core issues of the Democratic Party. What do we stand for?Who do we really represent?And that's how you measure your candidates. I don't think anybody that focuses on the history of the party, and how we have evolved, and what our issues are, and the leadership of our party who could vote for McCain."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"whipped up some small-town votes\" - This expression means that the nominee's vice presidential candidate was able to motivate and persuade people from rural areas to vote for their party. The literal meaning of \"whipping up\" is to mix or beat ingredients together quickly, so the phrase has a figurative meaning here.","questions":"Which community did the nominee's vice presidential candidate go into?","answer":"Rural"}
{"text":["Wow. I guess the submarine floats. It's still watertight.","Well, you know, we were wondering about that because, you know, it was built in America - built to last. So would it still be floating after all these years?And the answer is, yes, it is floating. Half of it is floating. So we had to strategically float some aspects of it and bury some aspects of it. The goal was to get the rudder to dig into the ground almost as an additional anchor point, which is something that, you know, for a bunch of museum professionals, you'd never anticipate having to do.","Now, I gather there is some concern if the Batfish were to break free of the lines you're trying to secure it with and - what?- float on down the river, what would - what are you preparing for here?","Well, that was a huge concern on Thursday and Friday. So some of the lines started snapping, and we were actually on-site when the lines started snapping, and it was probably one of the scariest things I've seen in my life. So it was in danger of floating down the river, which the main concern would be that it would float down and hit a dam. And if it would have hit the dam - see, Muskogee already had a problem with loose barges. Had they actually breached a dam, it would have wiped out communities completely instead of just giving communities time to evacuate."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Loose barges had already caused problems in Muskogee.","questions":"What caused problems in Muskogee?","answer":"barges"}
{"text":["Up next, some improbable humor. If you're a loyal listener, you know my next guest. He's been a SCIENCE FRIDAY regular for, oh, 20 years. Wow. Every year on the Friday after Thanksgiving. You know that. We play the first annual Ig Nobel Awards. They awards given to science that makes you laugh and then makes you think. Marc Abrahams is the co-founder and the emcee of the Ig Nobels. He's also the editor and founder of the Annals of Improbable Research, and he writes a weekly column for The Guardian. Welcome, Marc.","Hello, Ira.","Hi there. Marc is going to join each month to share with us some of the unusual scientific research he comes across. And I think it's fitting for you to be here, Marc, as we're going to announce the winner of our joke show. I know you have a great sense of humor, at least that's what they tell me. No, I know that you do.","In theory, I'm honored to be here today."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at something they want or need, but they don't want to ask for it directly.","questions":"How is the speaker feeling about being on the show?","answer":"Honored"}
{"text":["How did you feel when you found out, this summer, about the abuse of children that was going on in Pennsylvania not far from places you knew?","Yeah, it hurt reading the report because I was reading about these parishes that I went to growing up. I was born in '96, so growing up, you would hear kids joke about, oh, you know, priests molesting kids and whatnot. But I never knew that there was actually a - anything behind that. I just sort of thought it was people making fun of a religion. And then I didn't learn, honestly, until recently that the abuse scandal is something that was real and something that the world has known about since - what?- I think it was the early 2000s, whenever the Boston Globe or whatever that newspaper is broke the story. I didn't know that that was a thing. It wasn't something I'd ever been exposed to, so I wasn't really aware of the fact that this is a problem that was going on in my church. You know, it's unthinkable.","And it's hurt your faith?","I think that's a difficult thing to answer. I will say that it has hurt my faith in the Catholic Church. I don't think it has actually hurt my personal, religious faith. I'm just starting to see less of a connection between what I believe and the teachings of the Catholic Church."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Joking about priests molesting children was not taken seriously.","questions":"What did kids joke about regarding priests?","answer":"a"}
{"text":["Well, it's changed many, many things - color's absolutely everywhere. So, wherever I look there's music now. Going to the museum now, I can listen to an Andy Warhol, I can listen to a Picasso. And when I listen to music, it happens the other way around. I feel color, so it's changed the way they perceive not only (unintelligible). So, daily places, such as supermarkets, 'cause there's many, many colors there.","Mr.  Harbisson, you co-founded the Cyborg Foundation. What do you do and what do you mean when you list one of the goals of the organization to defend cyborg rights?","Well, now, cyborgs are a minority group. There are no laws defending the right to use technology as a part of the body. And then we want to defend the right of anyone who feels their right of wearing technology as part of the body has been in danger. In cases like not being allowed into a shop, for example, or not being allowed in a cinema, 'cause they think that they might be doing something illegal, or just the simple fact of being able to appear on your passport photo with your cybernetic extension if it appears on your head.","Now, I gather you can now appear that way on your passport photo?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"defend cyborg rights\" - the actual meaning is advocating for the legal recognition and protection of individuals who have integrated technology into their body as a part of their identity. The literal meaning would be physically defending cyborgs.","questions":"How does the Cyborg Foundation define \"defend cyborg rights\"?","answer":"Advocacy"}
{"text":["You know, we've had numerous issues here over the past three to four, almost six months because our portion of the river has been closed to barge traffic for far longer than that. Once you get to certain points, river stages - they shut off that barge traffic. And even if the barge traffic were to be able to be taking place, a number of the grain terminals aren't able to load those barges because the water is so high, the infrastructure in place just isn't able to load those barges. So we've been having the hit, I guess, you'd say of that for quite some time, especially when those grain terminals are still full from last fall's harvest.","How much of your supply gets transported on the Mississippi?","Pretty much a hundred percent of our corn and soybean production goes to those river terminals and then, in turn, goes to the export market.","And at the same time that this is happening, you're also looking at a possibly escalating trade war with China. How is that exacerbating what you're going through right now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A was talking about the problems of his business but B asked how much of his supplies get transported","questions":"Which export market?","answer":"Export"}
{"text":["Yeah, because, particularly when you're talking about tipped industries, where if somebody has a bad experience and they leave you zero dollars, that's your rent money. You get paid $2. 13 an hour. And particularly on alcohol-fueled public holiday, it gets even a little sketchier because you never know who's going to have, like, a fight with their friends, and nobody remembers the tip. And it's not that you did anything. It's just that drunk people are less frequently reliable as far as social norms.","You wrote a very successful book a couple of years ago, and now you're a professional writer. What are the holidays like for you now?","Oh, man, I do nothing. It's fantastic. I don't think I'm ever going to have the inclination to do a lot of work around the holidays because, to me, luxury is not doing a whole lot of anything. And it's - it's good to see the kids. That's a huge difference. I never saw the kids near the holidays. My youngest is 3. You know, seeing a 3-year-old on Christmas is pretty amazing - and not having to stress about the bills. The holidays were often the worst times of the year because you have so much extra social expectation and spending that needs to be done. You can be cheery and merry if you're not calculating in the back of your head the nickels.","So tonight, when - when people are out to have a good time, they should remember the servers that they deal with this. This is a living for them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) Implies that people who work in the tipped industry suffer financially when they don't receive tips, as the low wages don't cover the costs of their rent.","questions":"What industry is PersonA referring to in turn 0?","answer":"Tipped"}
{"text":["I was just going to say, would this result, from their point of view, represented defeat?","Definitely. I mean, definitely that they are in a - they lost some seats, first of all, a couple seats. But also, I think, they are definitely concerned about the rise of Yair Lapid with this issue and Netanyahu's agreement to tackle this issue. Netanyahu had actually agreed last year to take on this issue. He - you'll might remember that he formed a larger coalition with the Kadima party, which at that time was very large, and the promise was that they were going to address the draft issue. And they spent about 70 days in this coalition supposedly working on it but it blew up because Netanyahu would not push it with the ultraorthodox. And so the coalition - that coalition fell apart or the Kadima left.","And now, it - he seems to say he's going to do it now. He talks - talked today about the draft as - or the sharing the burden is kind of the terminology here that (unintelligible) of election, share the burden. He mentioned that as one of three principles on what the new coalition will be formed.","And this is also partly in response to rulings from the Israeli courts."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It is being implied that the leader made it difficult for the coalition.","questions":"How did the leader's actions affect the formation of the coalition?","answer":"Hindered"}
{"text":["Well, Secretary Kerry has been talking about this idea of a transitional government. It's kind of - if you remember, back in January they tried a ceasefire that was disrespected by both sides because it told people to stop fighting. It didn't address why they were fighting, which was to control the government.","So now there's a conversation that Kerry's having with both President Kiir and over the phone with the rebel leader, Riek Machar, saying, OK, you guys need to sit down and discuss a transitional government that will include both tribes, but - at least we're reading between the lines here - probably not include either of you guys. Now, whether he can get that across might be possible. The U. S.  does have a lot of power in this region. But it really does depend on these two sides sitting down.","Greg, the U. N.  special adviser says there's, quote, \"the risk of genocide. \"That will make a lot of people wonder if we're on the verge of another Rwanda or Bosnia.","One very chilling account was before the recent massacre in Bentiu. Rebel commanders were said to have used a local radio station to tell men to commit acts of rape against women from the ethnic opposition. That reminds people of Rwanda. The true fear - and this is already happening - is that this hate speech will blur the line between civilian and combatant."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The implication of this turn is that Kerry is trying to get the two sides to agree to a transition government that will not include either of them, despite their protests and desires.","questions":"Which sides are not likely to be included in the transitional government Kerry is proposing?","answer":"President,Rebel"}
{"text":["Oh, we anticipate that to be the case. We've demonstrated this with antibodies, monoclonal antibodies. I mentioned enzymes already. And so we anticipate quite a range of potential utility for therapeutics.","So you think this a game-changer for storing drugs?","Well, we are very optimistic, yes. I think it could certainly have a major impact.","I want to thank you very much for taking time to be with us today, and good luck to you. It's very fascinating."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The antibodies and enzymes have potential for therapeutic use.","questions":"How could the antibodies and enzymes be utilized?","answer":"Therapeutics"}
{"text":["Well, in Vienna, people are extremely concerned. Although Vienna has a very long history as a Social Democratic city, it's known, in fact, as Red Vienna. But you know, the first poll since the scandal came out yesterday, and the Freedom Party lost 4% to 5%. But they're still polling at 18%. So their core supporters remain loyal and support their anti-immigrant, anti-LGBT agenda.","And is this all anybody's talking about?","Oh, my goodness, you can't avoid it. I mean, the cafe on the ground floor of my apartment building has painted up on its windows, we're going to Ibiza. Everyone's moved on from the shock to the speculation of the provenance of the video and the question of whether or not this vote of - motion of no confidence will go through.","Valerie Hopkins of the financial times speaking with us from Vienna, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The scandal involving the Freedom Party is the topic of discussion everywhere, and people are now speculating about the video's source and whether a no-confidence vote will be successful.","questions":"How are people reacting to the Freedom Party scandal in Vienna?","answer":"Concerned"}
{"text":["They have been sheltered. And now, several of - because Salvini said, I won't accept them unless other countries take them. And several other European countries have agreed to divide them up.","And meanwhile, in general, migrants are continuing to come to Europe in big numbers.","Not really. There's been a huge drop in the first six months of this year - 2,100, compared to about 14,300 the year before. That's an 85% drop.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : although there are still migrants coming to Europe, the number has significantly decreased.","questions":"How much did the number of migrants decrease in the first six months of this year compared to the previous year?","answer":"85%"}
{"text":["We tried for about two and half years. And I had this fear that with every step we took, we would learn something that it would confirm my fear that I couldn't have a baby.","She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF.","Tell me about that moment when you first saw your daughter Hazel for the first time. I mean, how did that feel?","Oh, my gosh. It was - it was incredible. I mean, first of all, I was in labor for 24 hours."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn (2) \"She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF\" has a figurative meaning, as it implies that the process of getting pregnant through in vitro fertilization (IVF) was a difficult and challenging one. The use of the word \"struggled\" connotes a sense of hardship or adversity, which is not necessarily part of the literal meaning of the statement.","questions":"What word describes the process of getting pregnant through IVF?","answer":"long"}
{"text":["Sean Flynn describes what he calls the beat-by-beat horrors of those terrifying 198 minutes in the August issue of GQ, and he joins us now from member station WCPN in Cleveland. Good to have you with us today.","Oh, thanks, Neal. It's good to be here.","And you tell the story through the eyes of several witnesses. The first person we meet is a young man named Adrian.","Yeah. Adrian was, you know, oddly enough, he was brand new to a leadership position in the AUF, the youth wing of the Labor Party. He had just been hired 11 days earlier as the district secretary from the town of Skien. And when this first started happening, he didn't recognize this as gunfire. He didn't really know to be afraid. He was curios because people don't shoot each other in Norway. And he was convinced that because of the bombing, this must be some sort of prank, that it was, you know, maybe an exercise that the Labor Party was putting on to try to show these kids what it would be like to live in a warzone."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Adrian was inexperienced and naive, and did not immediately understand the gravity of the situation, mistaking the gunfire for a prank.","questions":"What was Adrian's position in the AUF?","answer":"District-Secretary"}
{"text":["We tried for about two and half years. And I had this fear that with every step we took, we would learn something that it would confirm my fear that I couldn't have a baby.","She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF.","Tell me about that moment when you first saw your daughter Hazel for the first time. I mean, how did that feel?","Oh, my gosh. It was - it was incredible. I mean, first of all, I was in labor for 24 hours."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Oh, my gosh. It was - it was incredible. I mean, first of all, I was in labor for 24 hours.\"  Implicated meaning: The speaker had a long and difficult labor, but the experience of giving birth was still an incredible and meaningful moment for them.","questions":"Which moment did the speaker find incredible?","answer":"seeing"}
{"text":["A Russian activist has shared a secret video clip that shows two of the Pussy Riot members who were arrested being interrogated. A furious policeman shouts, sometimes I regret that it's not 1937 - the time called the Great Terror in Russia under Josef Stalin, in which a million or more people were executed.","Pussy Riot knows the score. They live and strive in a country where activists, dissidents, artists and reporters can suffer for their bravery, and they went ahead with their action anyway, just below Vladimir Putin's cold smile. Pussy Riot are champions.","(Singing) Big smile for the camera. It's always on. It's all in the protocol. They tapped my phone. Golden idols holding rivals. Take my body, anybody. I'm your trophy. Make my nose bleed. Now you own me. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could die. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could cry. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could cry. Everybody's doing the same thing, and it makes me happy, yeah. It makes me happy, yeah. Oh, my God.","Pussy Riot."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The policeman wishes he could execute Pussy Riot members.","questions":"Which group is mentioned in the dialogue and is being referred to in turn 3?","answer":"Pussy"}
{"text":["Because we are, alas, almost never chased by lions now, our stressors tend to be things that are not actually going to threaten our lives. The jerk at work, traffic, these things are not going to kill us, but they do elevate our stress response in a similar way, but they don't offer us the same opportunity to complete the stress response cycle. So we're walking around with a couple decades of incomplete activated stress response cycles in our bodies that are just waiting for us to go ahead and do the thing we need to do.","Physical activity is the most efficient. Affection is really powerful. One of our favorite recommendations is the 20 second hug. If you hold someone that long, it communicates to your body that you have a person in your life whom you love and trust enough and who loves and trusts you enough to stand this close together. And your chemistry shifts into a state of I have come home, which is the end of the stress response cycle.","At the end of each chapter, you have these little TL;DR recaps - it's internet talk for too long; didn't read. So what is the TL;DR for this conversation?What's the one thing you really want people to take away, Emily?","It's that wellness is not a state of being. It is not a state of mind. It is a state of action."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Physical touch and affection can help complete the stress response cycle and create a feeling of safety.","questions":"What is the end result of physical touch and affection according to the discussion?","answer":"Safety"}
{"text":["Yesterday, General Motors announced that it would review its contracts with ad agencies to see whether or not they should even be renewed. Let's say you were working on a car company advertising campaign. What should they do to actually get American consumers to buy cars?","Yeah, I think there's a deeper question there, Alex, to be honest, about - with the car companies. If I were pitching them right now, or I was being asked to prove that it's worth doing, I would really, really want to understand what their view of the future of their industry is. And I would want to align my marketing around their authentic view of their business, right?","What I absolutely think they should do right now?They should do a series of advertisements, purely authentic and honest, basically saying, look, for the past 30 years, they've messed up. They've run afoul of obvious economic externalities. And I think if they are authentic, and they do a mea culpa, people will regain some trust in them. That might be a futile attempt, frankly, at this point because I think that they are lumbering giants.","So, how are companies reshaping their marketing strategies to deal with customers who may not want to buy anything right now?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Car companies need to understand their industry's future to create effective advertising","questions":"What is the key factor for car companies to create successful advertising campaigns?","answer":"Authentic"}
{"text":["So off I went to Moscow with a couple of colleagues to talk about how intelligence services should work in democracies. And I found myself sitting in the Lubyanka, their headquarters, which over the years had been sort of prison death cell torture chamber, facing a long line of KGB officers and talking to them about democratic oversight and such things. It was certainly one of the strangest events of my working life I think.","(Laughter) Forgive me, but this is a week to ask - do you think they took good notes?Were they paying attention to this democracy?","(Laughter) No, I don't think they were actually. They looked at us with rather hard, cynical eyes. And I wrote somewhere that it seemed to be like two wild animals surveying their prey but not being able to get at them. But I don't think they were particularly interested in all this oversight and democracy stuff, no.","And may I ask you, just based on your experience and the way you survey events, what does Russia want these days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using subtext or implications to communicate something that they don't feel comfortable saying outright, but the listener may need to read between the lines to understand their true meaning.","questions":"How did the KGPersonB officers perceive the PersonA's talk on democratic oversight and such things?","answer":"Doubt"}
{"text":["They have a really good chance. They could pick up as many as a half dozen or more seats. And this is incredibly important for them this year because we're heading into 2020, when there will be a census that will affect redistricting. This is how Republicans sort of got in the really good position that they were in. They won a ton of governors' races in 2010. They controlled redistricting in very important states. So they were able to draw congressional maps to their liking. You know, we've already seen good signs for Democrats when it comes to this. They've flipped a ton of state legislative seats. And so it's a good sign for Democrats. This map is really for them.","What states are you watching heading into this last month of the campaign?I mean, where are the really tight races?","So there's a couple of pickup opportunities for Democrats that look like really sure things - Illinois, New Mexico, Michigan. I say some of the really tight races are Florida and Georgia. Florida is always, you know, the perpetual swing state. Andrew Gillum was sort of the surprise nominee there. He's a progressive.","Yeah - African-American mayor from Tallahassee."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is the number of people voted in that are of a particular party, not an actual seat.","questions":"How does the census affect redistricting?","answer":"redistricting"}
{"text":["And for a minute, I was shocked, like something you see in the movies. It happens to other people. It doesn't happen to yourself. And then as I thought about it, then I put all the pieces of my childhood back together - all the sorrow, all the issues, all the neglect, all the - you know, John Graham just being who he was with me. He wasn't really fatherly. So it all made sense.","But that was just the first of many revelations and obstacles Graham would run into over the next 25 years in his quest to prove who his real biological father was. He talked to family members. He hired a detective. He dug through newspapers and public records. And it culminated this year in an exhumation and a DNA test. He got the results back this past week. Graham's biological father was Thomas Sullivan, a Catholic priest from Massachusetts.","It's been emotional. You know, I knew, you know, based on every - all the circumstantial evidence that it would be my father. But you still have that apprehension that something could go wrong at the last minute with the results.","And when you say emotional, I'm assuming just the knowing that this is actually the person who was your dad."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The pieces mean memories of the person's childhood that they were able to make sense of.","questions":"What did John Graham's biological father turn out to be?","answer":"Catholic"}
{"text":["So as an AP world history teacher, I know that, with the way that the exam has been, students have had the opportunity to really dive into content in their deep past - right?- and look at things all around the world and draw comparisons through them. And with this change, those things will no longer be assessed. And we're really just cutting down history to about less than 600 years.","Doesn't a good teacher like yourself already have to leave out a lot if you're dealing with 10,000 years of history?","Yeah. I mean, teaching history is a lot about making choices based on what you're teaching and what lens you're teaching it through. But I think what College Board will need to focus on is to really train teachers in how to teach students how to ask big questions and how to, you know, organize the material and thematically so that we can understand the context of the world that we live in today because it's complicated. And it includes all people. And we can't just look at it from what's happened in the last 600 years.","What about schools that might say, look - we can offer courses in history that is essentially pre-Columbian?Let's say year 0 to 1450 - and offer the AP course from 1450 to current day."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : you imply that something is the case","questions":"Which exam is no longer assessing things related to deep past and comparisons all around the world?","answer":"AP-exam"}
{"text":["When I listen to you talk, I feel like the worst possible - the most hurtful insult someone could ever fling at you is, you're not authentic.","And she falls to the ground, and she curls into a ball. And. . .","What is it about authenticity that if it were lacking, it's mortally wounding for you?","Yeah. I mean, if you're telling someone they're not authentic, then what are you saying?I guess you could say the opposite of authenticity is - I don't want to just say fake because there's another word."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Authenticity is crucial for A and lack of it hurts them","questions":"How does PersonA feel about lack of authenticity?","answer":"Hurt"}
{"text":["Good to be here, Scott.","So why didn't you just tell your daughter Ronnie let's train for a chili cook-off instead?","I tried. I tried, and she was insistent. She was in her first year at the great Georgia Tech studying aerospace engineering. She wants to be an astronaut. And she said, look, I've got to be fit. We have to do it. And I thought - past the age of 50, I just thought it was beyond me. I'd done it when I was young, but I didn't think I could anymore.","You are running six marathons in nine days, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"You are running six marathons in nine days, right?\" - The literal meaning of this turn is a question about whether the person is running six marathons in nine days. However, the actual meaning is a statement of disbelief or amazement at the person's ability to do so.","questions":"What is the PersonA's reaction to the person running six marathons in nine days?","answer":"none"}
{"text":["He had been released the year before - in June of 1914 - from an institution that was known as the Colored Waifs Home. And this was a reformatory - it was part reformatory, part orphanage. And Armstrong was sent there for at least the second time in early 1913 after he had been arrested for shooting a pistol into the air.","And it was at - while at that reformatory that he began to receive his first formal music instruction. He played in the marching band there. They would parade around the city and play at events on the lake and stuff like that. But when he came out, he was, you know, faced with the challenges of being 13 or 14 years old at the time and needing to provide some income for his family. He grew up in dire poverty, of course.","You take a look at this, like, 8 seconds of film, I guess it is, and maybe it's the power of suggestion, but it certainly looks like Louis Armstrong. And you (laughter) - you really do get a sense, even from this 13-year-old youngster, of just overwhelming charisma.","Yeah, that has been sort of the reaction. The overwhelming reaction to my story is - you know, I fully expected people to try to pick it apart because it's kind of a ridiculous thing to propose. But overwhelmingly, people have said, holy smokes, we think this, you know - it looks like him. He smiles the beautiful Louis Armstrong smile that later became famous. Yeah, it's been fascinating to me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite facing challenges of poverty, Armstrong received music instruction at a reformatory.","questions":"How did Armstrong receive his first formal music instruction?","answer":"Music"}
{"text":["One of the points that you make in the book is that there were always competitors to Boas' ideas. In fact, one of his sort of chief antagonists was a person named Grant. What's. . .","Madison Grant, yeah.","Madison Grant, who actually created some of the institutions which continue to survive today as anti-immigrant think tanks.","That's right. On the one hand, Madison Grant - you know, we owe the survival of the American bison to him. We owe so many of the great conservation institutions to him and conservation areas in the American West to him. But he at the same time believed deeply that what he was seeing in New York - he was from New York, living in New York - was the same thing he had experienced in traveling through the American West - that is, he understood what it was like when noble creatures could suddenly be brought down by invading species or their environment changing, and suddenly, the bison, the elk, the wolf were in danger."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : on the one hand refers to one argument a person might have, or an opinion","questions":"Which argument does \"on the one hand\" refer to?","answer":"Argument"}
{"text":["And you wrote that during your visit in December, you saw exactly one tourist?","That's right. A single woman who had a list of African countries she wanted to check off apparently with no information about any of them. And one of the ministers told me even the backpackers aren't here. So it is just on - there is nothing to do, there's nothing to see, there's no access to anything, there's no roads, there's no infrastructure. They have a park system which exists in theory. You can imagine a fantastic future for going and seeing things in Sudan because they also have, along with oil and water, they also have animals. They have a huge migration, probably the second biggest in the world.","So there's vast grasslands, a swirling long river section of the Nile through the country, enormous herds, large numbers of elephants, many of the things that people care very deeply about but it's in South Sudan so you can't get to it except with an airplane. And they're hoping that in the future of the country there's room for that to become an asset rather than just a leftover of isolation and war-torn times.","You describe a three-day jaunt to go see what might be too. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are a lot of things to see in Sudan, but the country lacks the necessary infrastructure to support tourism.","questions":"What is lacking in Sudan to support tourism?","answer":"Infrastructure"}
{"text":["The other time that I have spoken with Sandy actually happened last September. I had started a media campaign on behalf of Sandy, and on the 23rd of September, the U. S.  consul met with Sandy, showed Sandy screenshots of the website, showed her, you know, some of the articles that had been written. And Sandy was very supportive of the media campaign, very thankful for what we were doing for her and asked us to keep it up.","Now, on the very next day, on the 24 of September, I got a call from Sandy clearly terrified, clearly had been threatened and, you know, had been told that she needed to get me to stop the media campaign or she was going to be losing access to her medicine, losing access to a doctor, you know, losing her consular visits. Well, my wife has lots of medical problems. She's got seven prescription medicines she takes a day, and, really, to threaten to take away her medicine is just not much different than threatening to kill her.","When Sandy asked me to stop, she didn't just ask me to stop. She begged with me to tell the people who were in the room with me that you will stop the media campaign. She was surrounded by a bunch of very scary people from China's state security, and she was clearly terrified. I was clearly terrified for her.","President Obama is going to be there this weekend. Do you want him to say something?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4). While the literal meaning of the turn is that President Obama will be somewhere, the actual meaning is unclear without further context. It is possible that the speaker is asking whether the person they are speaking to wants President Obama to make a statement or take action regarding Sandy's situation, but this is not explicitly stated.","questions":"What is the actual meaning of the turn in statement 3?","answer":"Ambiguous"}
{"text":["And now a holiday tradition from the Lone Star state. It's Santa's cousin from the barrio, Pancho Clause. From San Antonio, we're joined now by Rudy Martinez. He is one of many guys through out Texas who takes on the role of Pancho Clause. Merry Christmas, Rudy.","Merry Christmas to you.","So explain for us who is Pancho Clause.","Pancho Clause is Santa's cousin from the South."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to take on a role in this context means to act like a character.","questions":"How does Rudy Martinez act as Pancho Clause?","answer":"Act"}
{"text":["And they also said that there was going to be no one within 500 miles of you, right?","Yeah. They did. And I live in Florida. So 500 miles is practically the entire state. And there's seven of us living in this state alone.","So what is your advice to other kids of donors?","I would say just always keep an open mind. And I'm very fortunate that my donor has been receptive to meeting siblings. But, you know, there are some donors out there that want to remain completely anonymous. And so I would say, you know, if the donor is that way, then the best thing to do is just find siblings because it's one of the greatest connections you can ever have."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It's best to be receptive to any thought that comes your way.","questions":"Which thought should you be receptive to according to PersonA's advice?","answer":"Thought"}
{"text":["Before that, he'd been seen frequently, but always waddling with a really bad limp. He was clearly in discomfort, and finally the North Korean authorities said he is in physical discomfort. So there's something up. We don't quite know what. The speculation is he's had surgery, he's ill, ranging right through to there's been a coup, and he's lost power or certainly being shunted away from power. That's the speculation.","Now, we're talking about somebody who - as my recollection is - he's on television every two minutes. So this must be a tremendous vacuum in the lives of North Koreans.","That's right. The print media in North Korea is still putting all these statements thanking the supreme leader in that sort of glorious way they do, praising him for, for example, the pretty good performance of the athletes in the Asian games a week ago. So all that stuff is still coming out. There's no devaluation of him by the state media. But he's not there. Now, having said that, his father disappeared from sight at odd times as well. And sometimes that was seen as being a mark of his strength in that he felt that he was so strong that he didn't need to do all this stuff.","Is this a matter for particular distress because, after all, we are talking about a nation that's either a quasi-nuclear power or might be a nuclear power?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"there's been a coup, and he's lost power or certainly being shunted away from power\" - This turn uses figurative language. The speaker is suggesting that there might have been a political power struggle or a change in leadership, rather than the literal meaning of physical shunting or pushing.","questions":"What is the speculation regarding the reason for North Korean leader's absence?","answer":"Reason"}
{"text":["Well, certainly in some cases in expensive cities still need some help but much less help. On a minimum wage of $12 an hour, a couple - two full-time minimum wage workers - would earn $50,000 a year. That certainly doesn't make you affluent, it doesn't make you rich, but you can get by reasonably well on $50,000 a year.","And you don't think jobs will leave the state?","Some jobs, but probably a lot fewer than most people think. There have actually been a lot of recent studies in the last five or 10 years that have turned around the economic sentiment on this issue. In most cases, in nearly all cases, the jobs we're talking about for these workers are in the low-wage service sector. They're non-tradable. They're not subject to foreign competition. They can't be outsourced. Those jobs are exactly the sort of jobs where the employers would simply pass along the extra costs to the consumer. They'd raise prices and keep their workers at a much higher paycheck. Furthermore, the price rises we're talking about are very much smaller than most people would realize. Wal-Mart is America's largest low-wage employer. Three hundred thousand Wal-Mart workers average about $9 an hour. All Wal-Mart would have to do to cover a $12 minimum wage is raise their prices by 1. 1 percent one time. The average Wal-Mart shopper would pay only an extra $12. 50 per year. People wouldn't even notice the price hike.","Well, if the goal is to lift low-wage workers above the poverty level, is $12 an hour really enough?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: Are there any potential risks of job losses in the state due to minimum wage increase?","questions":"How many Wal-Mart workers would be affected by the $12 minimum wage?","answer":"Three"}
{"text":["So, this is an exciting moment for us to take a look at ourselves. So, you know, first of all, how do you compare this presidential race with ones in the past?","Can't do it. This is not like any presidential race in the past. We have already had the first woman candidate to be this close to being nominated. The first Hispanic candidate to be a major candidate. First Mormon. We have the first African-American nominee, now presumptive nominee of the Democratic Party. And we also had a very interesting race on the Republican side that would have been kind of a barnburner in its own right. So, this has been a much more interesting presidential race that we've had in my lifetime. And it's just got an awful lot of facets of great news value.","So, how would you say, what would you say even coverage is?What is the goal really?","The best thing you can do is to reach the end of the campaign and have people say, well, we got a fair look at the candidates from the beginning to the end. We got a fair look at the two nominees of the major parties. We got a fair look at the third party candidates. And we got a fair look at all the competitors back in the primaries. I don't think you can say that at all is going to be exactly the same number of minutes devoted to each."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Equal coverage for all candidates is difficult to achieve.","questions":"How challenging is it to provide equal coverage for all candidates?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["I've always felt like with Britain that there was always a kind of low-grade racism that one experienced almost on a daily basis. Like, in America, you feel it's a much bigger convulsion. And the society is kind of reckoning with it in a more sincere but more troubled way. In England, it was always very light, you know?So it was - you'd come in and the guys on the walkie-talkie would be like, ah, you're the Indian fellow who's going with Gabriella. And it was like - so like. . .","A limerick.","Yeah. The first line of a limerick. But obviously, there was an implication because at that point, there was no one of my shape and size and color around, you know?So it was definitely there.","You focus in this piece on Princess Michael of Kent, who recently, of course, caused controversy when she wore a blackamoor brooch when she met Meghan Markle, who is biracial. And you say that that isn't surprising that she would have done something like that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Daily racism in Britain is subtle but still present","questions":"What is the nature of the racism mentioned by PersonA in Britain?","answer":"Low-grade"}
{"text":["Yeah, I believe there's a certainty of it. I started out my career as a journalist covering races in Mississippi, and every year people would try to give black people bad information, and we at the local black newspaper would find ourselves, you know, working with the NAACP, trying to get out good information. They would go through black neighborhoods and pass out flyers saying don't forget to vote on Wednesday, for instance. I'm sure that tactic, which is one of the tried and true, will be tried again somewhere in this country.","Well, Benjamin Jealous, thank you so much.","Thank you. It's a real pleasure.","Benjamin Jealous is the president of the NAACP."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to cover something in this context means to report on something","questions":"How did Benjamin Jealous start his career?","answer":"Journalist"}
{"text":["Duane, why don't you describe to us some of the work that you did with actual cases when you were at the California Department of Justice?I mean, what was your job, literally and physically?","Literally, I went to the scene of the crime. I was often the one who collected all the evidence. I also did photography of the crime scene. I did not do fingerprints. There was usually a technician who did that. Back at the laboratory, I would take all that evidence that I collected and inventoried, and I would begin a systematic investigation of that.","As an example, one case in the middle of my career was a triple homicide, and it was a great case from the physical-evidence standpoint. There was bullets. There was blood. There was saliva on cigarette butts. There was hair. There was soil. And I got to basically do it all. And what was really interesting is I presented all these evidence to the jury, laid out a scenario for the crime.","And during the time I was testifying, the defendant called his girlfriend and confessed the crime to her, and then threatened her with death if she ever talked. Well, five minutes later, she called the DA and told the DA about the confession. And she came in to testify at that point, and what she testified to was basically what I had testified to from the physical-evidence standpoint."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning. They are all meant to be taken at face value as a straightforward question and answer about the speaker's job and experience with criminal investigations.","questions":"Which turn in the conversation indicates that the defendant's girlfriend testified to the same evidence as the speaker?","answer":"Testify"}
{"text":["All right.",". . . I will say. . .","My generation.","(Laughter) This is - you know, the past two years have, of course, been dominated by the Russia investigation, the Mueller probe. And that was centered on the idea of foreign influence in the 2016 election from Russia. And now we have, you know, what appears to be a conversation between President Trump and the president of Russia's neighbor Ukraine talking about looking into a political opponent, Joe Biden, and his son. And so this does raise questions, again, about foreign interference and what the president is inviting or doing heading into the 2020 campaign.","If we can get a yes-or-no question, have you confirmed that this is the subject of the whistleblower's complaint?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A whistle was not blown but a person complained about an event publically that could be illegal.","questions":"Which event was publicly complained about?","answer":"election"}
{"text":["That is true. Although, I wouldn't call myself a dolphin trainer or any of that. I did start working with dolphins as a high school job, going into college, back in the 1970s.","And what did you do?","I started out there as a diver. I, you know, fancied myself a junior Jacques Cousteau. But in real terms, my job was to scrub tanks for the most part.","Are we looking at a new time in, what I'll call the display world, the museum world, the animal world, in which, I think, institutions that try and have animals available for people to get to know them are rethinking the whole terms of captivity?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is hinting that animal captivity may be in need of reform.","questions":"Which topic do PersonA and PersonB discuss in their conversation that relates to animal welfare?","answer":"Captivity"}
{"text":["I mean, it's pretty scary at the time. It was very intimidating. It just seems like it was completely mental, an attack on a small business for a problem that it's not responsible for.","Well, what do you think of the problem?Because we read that protesters were chanting we want genuinely affordable housing and we want community. I realize it might be hard to keep that separate from the people that smeared stuff on your windows, but how do you feel about that?","I mean, I think that there is problems. There's problems of poverty in the area, and there's bad sides to gentrification, but there's also really great sides to gentrification. What we have done is we have moved into this area - the protests and gentrification in this area. If you wanted to protest gentrification in this area, you probably should've started about 15-20 years ago.","Have you ever had any conversations with any of your critics, your attackers, do you think?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"an attack on a small business\" is a metaphorical expression for a physical attack on the business, as opposed to a verbal attack or criticism.","questions":"How was the attack on the small business described by A?","answer":"Metaphorical"}
{"text":["Yeah. Marianne really is a kind of civilian commander, (laughter) in all ways, of this group, isn't she?","Yeah. In the preface of the book, we see the resisters originally coming together and starting to think of conspiring. And in the context of that, Marianne offers to be the commander of widows and orphans, should it come to that. And it's sort of an offer she makes somewhat in jest. It doesn't feel real at that time - that it could get to that level. But then in the end, her own words come back to haunt her. And that's what inspires her to bring the other two together and to keep searching for others, as well.","I want to be careful with historical analogies because Nazi Germany is the precedent that people - it seems of all political stripes - cite as the nightmare we want to avoid. But what about readers who see parallels between the 1930s Germany in your book and in history and anything we're living through today.","I think, for me, what I felt was really relevant when I was writing this book was the question of - what did ordinary Germans, the people whose lives sort of touched very peripherally on the darkness experienced during that time - and how did they let this happen?How did they either not see it or blind themselves to it?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a certain word or phrase may have a hidden connotation or subtext that is meant to convey a particular idea or message, such as irony or euphemism.","questions":"How did the speaker convey a particular message through their use of language?","answer":"Connotation"}
{"text":["Iran announced today that it will soon exceed limits on its stockpiles of enriched uranium that it agreed to under the 2015 nuclear deal with the U. S.  and other nations. The Trump administration pulled the U. S.  out of the deal last year; other countries stayed in. And this new announcement is the latest sign that it might be falling apart altogether.","Joining us to discuss this is NPR's Geoff Brumfiel. He covers science and security. Hey, Geoff.","Hey, there.","What exactly did Iran announce today?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Iran announced that it will exceed limits on uranium stockpiles, which may result in the failure of the nuclear deal.","questions":"Which agreement did the Trump administration pull the U.S. out of last year?","answer":"Deal"}
{"text":["I did want to ask you about that. What do you think - does it say something that there are, at the moment, two dozen candidates in the Democratic field?I mean, does that say anything about - does it say anything about the party?Does it say something?","Well, I think it says that there's a whole lot of energy and engagement to make sure that this guy isn't reelected come 2020. And that is goal number one. And for folks that say, all right, we have to bring back some of the voters that voted with us, well, I've done that. I've won in some of the difficult places. When you talk about actually standing up with records, so many of the things that we're talking about in this field of 35 I've had direct influence and impact on as governor.","And finally, you've rejected the possibility of a Senate run, OK?And this has inspired, as I understand it - the Senate minority leader from New York, Chuck Schumer, has been aggressively trying to recruit candidates to take on these Senate races because the Democrats would very much like to take back the Senate. What do you say to people who say - forgive me, I'll just be blunt. . .","No, sure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue implies that there was an indirect suggestion made?","answer":"Turn0"}
{"text":["Now, Mr.  Trump often points out that the school, at least on the website, had an overwhelmingly favorable rating from former students. But the plaintiffs say that it wasn't like that at all.","Really, that's exactly what they say. They argue that the whole point to this school was to keep selling students increasingly expensive seminars. First, there was a free introductory course where students were told they could make tens of thousands of dollars in just a couple of months using Trump's investment techniques.","But to learn those, they had to sign up for another seminar that cost about 1,500 bucks. And at that seminar, they were sold another course that cost as much as $35,000. They claim that students were encouraged to go into credit-card debt and even cash out their 401(k)s to pay for these top-level courses.","The settlement was reached. Well, one of these suits was about to go to trial on Monday, wasn't it?","Yeah, it was, though attorneys for Trump wanted it delayed because he was too busy with the transition. But, clearly, his schedule wasn't going to get any easier once he became president. So the judge in the case was urging both sides to settle."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \u201cThey claim that students were encouraged to go into credit-card debt and even cash out their 401(k)s to pay for these top-level courses.\u201d - Implied meaning: The school was pushing students to engage in irresponsible financial decisions to pay for the courses. ","questions":"Which financial decisions were students encouraged to make to pay for the top-level courses?","answer":"financial"}
{"text":["We don't presume when we cover the news. But we see estimates. For instance, FiveThirtyEight has her close to a 90-percent favorite in terms of their poll aggregation. If we're just projecting forward - and again, we don't know - this could be a very bitter aftermath.","Forget about honeymoons. You know, I was talking - I convened a roundtable of former campaign chiefs of staff yesterday - Republicans.","And two of them mentioned to me that they thought within the first year of her being in office, Paul Ryan, the speaker of the House, would be under great pressure to bring articles of impeachment.","During that debate, Hillary Clinton kind of deftly avoided any real response on the Goldman Sachs speeches, on her husband's transgressions, if I might put it delicately, and accusations of pay-to-play relationship between the Clinton Foundation and the State Department. Do you think these are the kind of issues that might persist after November 8, whatever the result?","Absolutely. And, of course, the email issues, as well - we saw this report come out last week of a, quote, unquote, \"potential quid pro quo\" between the FBI and State Department investigators. This is something that I think Republicans are going to use to unite themselves."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) \"Delicately\" - This word implies that the speaker is referring to a sensitive and delicate issue.","questions":"What word implies that the issue being referred to is sensitive and delicate?","answer":"Sensitive"}
{"text":["Yes. In fact, by far. And that's why the Senate's version of this tax bill largely prevailed in the negotiations with the House over the last few weeks. Before those began, the Senate vote was just a bare majority before they had that big sit-down with the other chamber. And there were several Republican senators on the fence about it, even as yesterday morning dawned. That would include Bob Corker of Tennessee, Marco Rubio of Florida, Susan Collins of Maine.","But now Corker and Rubio are fully on board. Rubio got some more money for the child tax credit. And Bob Corker was objecting to the deficit increase, which is kind of still there, but he says it won't be, maybe, that bad. And he is, of course, a good Republican and a businessman. And he has to like a lot of what's in this bill.","Is this the bill Republicans feel they need to say that they can govern when they have control of the Senate, the House and the presidency?","Indeed. It shows that they can pass a big and complicated piece of legislation that they promised to pass and do it with just their own majorities in both the House and the Senate. It should satisfy the hardcore support base and the donor class that has been growing restive in recent months since the Obamacare repeal failure. And, of course, the jury is out on how many other people it's going to satisfy, including the wage-earners who voted for Donald Trump last year, believing he would be their champion."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) The actual meaning is that the Senate's version of the tax bill was more influential in the final negotiations with the House, despite the Senate having a bare majority vote before the negotiations began.","questions":"What was the Senate's version of the tax bill?","answer":"Senate's"}
{"text":["So, maybe they're taking a loss on the turkey, but the consumer comes in and buys cranberries, buys potatoes, buys a turkey baster, all of these other things.","Prices for avocados drop right before the Super Bowl, too, when a lot of guacamole gets made. But Valentine's Day bucks that price drop trend. Roses are popular for that holiday, and it turns out that roses are fussier than turkeys, which, after all, can be frozen. In economist-speak, roses are supply inelastic.","They all have to be harvested within a very short period of time. They have to be packed and sorted and shipped around the country.","But turkeys can be thrown into a freezer months ahead of time. So, if you're already thinking about what to get for a special someone next February 14th, here's an idea in economic verse. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are no turns in this conversation.Whose atual meaning are different from their  literal meanings.All of the  return  are being used in straight for word and literal meanings.","questions":"How are roses inelastic?","answer":"inelastic"}
{"text":["Yeah.","I'm also told by White House officials the Secret Service director was not connected to security questions at Mar-a-Lago. It was in the works before the latest security breach there - Chinese woman with a lot of passports and hard drives.","Right.","But - so this is not necessarily directly connected to immigration unlike Nielsen's resignation, which was immigration-related."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the phrase \"in the works\" does not mean that something is being constructed or manufactured, but rather that plans or preparations are being made. Similarly, \"security questions\" does not refer to queries about security, but instead refers to security concerns or issues.","questions":"What does the phrase \"in the works\" mean in turn (2)?","answer":"Preparations"}
{"text":["You know, we've had numerous issues here over the past three to four, almost six months because our portion of the river has been closed to barge traffic for far longer than that. Once you get to certain points, river stages - they shut off that barge traffic. And even if the barge traffic were to be able to be taking place, a number of the grain terminals aren't able to load those barges because the water is so high, the infrastructure in place just isn't able to load those barges. So we've been having the hit, I guess, you'd say of that for quite some time, especially when those grain terminals are still full from last fall's harvest.","How much of your supply gets transported on the Mississippi?","Pretty much a hundred percent of our corn and soybean production goes to those river terminals and then, in turn, goes to the export market.","And at the same time that this is happening, you're also looking at a possibly escalating trade war with China. How is that exacerbating what you're going through right now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A was talking about the problems of his business but B asked how much of his supplies get transported","questions":"What percentage of their corn and soybean production goes to the river terminals?","answer":"100"}
{"text":["The New York Mets lost 7 to 1 to the Milwaukee Brewers on Wednesday, but the real loser was their mascot, Mr.  Met. Mr.  Met has a huge white baseball of a head dappled with red stitching and embellished with a perpetual grin.","But as he left the playing field Wednesday night, Mr.  Met flipped a middle finger to a group of fans who posted it on Twitter - busted, Mr.  Met. The club apologized, and the team employee in the Mr.  Met costume that night has reportedly not returned. There were reports that fans heckled him, which fans deny.","The Mr.  Mets middle finger controversy poses a physical and philosophical question. Mr.  Met has four fingers on each hand. How can you say that any of them is a middle finger?Anyway, flipping the bird in New York, isn't that just how they say good morning in Queens?","(Singing) Well, everybody's heard about the bird - bird, bird, bird, the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, don't you know about the bird?Well, everybody knows that the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, the bird's the word. . ."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) The real meaning of the statement is that despite the fans denying that they heckled Mr. Met, the mascot was still held accountable for his actions and the team employee in the costume has not returned.","questions":"What was the reason for the Mr. Met costume employee not returning?","answer":"Heckling"}
{"text":["What are you, Lisa, most thankful for this holiday season?","I'm thankful I don't have the banks on my butt.","Does that make any sense?","It does. Do a lot of other businesses there locally that might not be affected by the baby boom - are they having a harder time?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : I'm thankful that I'm not in financial trouble.","questions":"What is Lisa thankful for this holiday season?","answer":"financial"}
{"text":["Reptilian, exactly, and now we know that many species of dinosaurs had feathers or simple filaments that seem to be feather precursors in some cases.","Do your findings come from the relatively recent discovery that some dinosaurs had feathers?Is this sort of, like, the next step?","We are sort of taking the next. In the last 10 years, we've discovered that we can gain insight into the colors of dinosaurs and how they may have used visual signals in important contexts. And so what we wanted to ask is, can we gain insight into the vocal communication that extinct dinosaurs might have had?","Well, so what's next for you in your research?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Dinosaurs might have used visual and vocal signals to communicate with each other.","questions":"Which type of signals did dinosaurs possibly use for communication?","answer":"visual"}
{"text":["Absolutely. They are - they don't trust now any promises that they will not be prosecuted or taken in front of a judge. And also, you know, the standards of human rights internationally have changed. And there is a very active community - globally - that chases after dictators and people that have violated human rights and have committed the crimes against humanity, which is the case for many of them.","Now, isn't the logic of that - the humanitarian logic of that - that knowing they might have to face criminal charges will discourage dictators from striking out at their own people?","Absolutely. But strangely enough, we see that continuing to happen. We don't know how many thought about it and decided not to do it because they were fearful of being prosecuted internationally. But we do know that there are still many that go ahead with all kinds of crimes and violations of human rights. And Nicolas Maduro is a paramount example of that.","What about people who work for somebody who's in power and might not get the same guarantees?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : an active community in this context means the community is doing a lot of things","questions":"Which word describes the global community that chases after dictators and human rights violators?","answer":"Activist"}
{"text":["It's kind of laid back and peaceful. That's how we kept it this whole protest. We've been peaceful. And, you know, we're all looking after each other just like we would down in the mine. We got each other's back.","Are you supporting a family?What's it like living without the paycheck that you've been expecting?","Well, it's rough, I mean, you know. But I'm fortunate. It's just me and my wife. Our kids is grown.","You've spent your career working in the coal mines."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The protest has been peaceful despite potential for violence.","questions":"What kind of atmosphere did the protesters maintain during the protest?","answer":"peaceful"}
{"text":["My gosh, no, no, no. I mean, you know, Rip Van Winkle goes to sleep for 20 years and doesn't look at his statements, and when he wakes up, his money is worth half of what he started with. And when he went to sleep, he was 40 years old. Now, he's 60. What the heck does Rip Van Winkle do?You know, Rip Van Winkle doesn't have enough life left to get back his money.","So, let me ask you this. I'm going to open my statement now, and what should I do with it?","If you're retired and you are living on your investments, you have no business in the stock market right now, none, zero. If you are not retired, you are contributing money to your investment portfolios, you're actively adding money, and you have the stomach for losses, then you can buy. When you look at GE at $8. 55 a share, when you look at Dow Chemical at seven bucks, the juices do get flowing. You can say to yourself, gosh, I'd really like to own these on the bet that 10, 15 years from now, they'll be higher. But you have to understand that they could all be cut in half before they go higher.","Paul Krsek is managing director and chief investment officer of 5T Wealth Management based in Napa Valley, California. Paul, thank you. It's always great to talk to you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A implies that Rip Van Winkle's investment is not worth as much after sleeping for 20 years. 2. A implies that it's not a good idea for retirees to invest in the stock market but younger people can do so if they are willing to take risks.","questions":"How old was Rip Van Winkle when he went to sleep?","answer":"40"}
{"text":["It was incredibly emotional. I mean, it was nearly midnight on what was supposed to be the last day of session. We filed this bill in February and struggled all session long just to get a hearing. And so for it to come down to the wire in this way, while states were passing these bans all around us, it just became so imperative and so frightening in many ways that what you're seeing there is relief.","That's Kelly Cassidy, Illinois state representative and sponsor of the state's Reproductive Health Act, protecting access to abortion. The bill has passed the Illinois State Legislature and now goes to Governor J. B.  Pritzker, who is expected to sign it.","Thank you very much for being with us.","Thanks much."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It did not come to a wire but came down to the last moment of the session.","questions":"What was the state representative's feeling about the situation?","answer":"Relief"}
{"text":["The videos of the embryos. He does sort of time lapse of human development, and it was really fascinating to watch, going from this sort of little hard to, you know, nondescript ball to what you would recognize. . .","As an embryo.",". . . as an embryo or a fetus.","This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow talking with Flora Lichtman about our Video Pick of the Week, and it's a - videos of embryos, all different kinds of embryos. So you got the film, the footage. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : his is an idiomatic expression that refers to a conversation or discussion, rather than a literal act of talking with someone.","questions":"Which turn refers to a conversation or discussion, rather than a literal act of talking?","answer":"Shattered"}
{"text":["We are made to meet a quota as well as deadlines. There are about eight different numerical measures that we have to meet during our rating period, which is generally two years. But this latest rating period is one year because they introduced this concept last October. So during our rating period, during this one year, we're expected to complete 700 cases. And we're expected to do a lot of these within specific timelines. It really is very, very dire circumstance for our judges.","And let's say that a judge does not meet his or her quota. What happens?You mentioned financial interests. Does the judge lose his or her job?","So the judge may lose his or her job because, at the end of the rating period, the judge would have to then justify why those numbers have not been met. And the agency will have to determine whether the judge's justification is appropriate or not. And for the agency to impose a singular quota on all of us, as if we are all interchangeable, is absolutely mind-boggling.","We are in El Paso, looking at how this is playing out. What are you hearing from immigration judges in El Paso in particular?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B statement here implies that they are looking out to how the Judges carryout their duties in El Paso in order not to lose their jobs.","questions":"What is PersonB's main concern in regards to immigration judges in El Paso?","answer":"security"}
{"text":["All right, Mario. We have to jump in. RushmoreDrive. Give me the skinny.","OK, RushmoreDrive. The skinny is this is a black search engine. And I think it's time for a black search engine. The answer is going - the question is going to be whether or not this will be successful due to advertising. The Pew Internet says that 56 percent of African-Americans now use the Internet, so is there really a need for a black search engine?I put in \"Farai Chideya. \"I was able to see news about you, videos, your blog posts, images. . .","Scary!","It's comprehensive. It's clean. Hey, you're all over the place, what can I say?I think there's a real need for this. The issue is going to be whether or not they can market it right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies that the speaker is proposing the need for a black search engine, even though there are other search engines available, and believes that it could be successful with proper marketing.","questions":"Which search engine does PersonA believe has comprehensive and clean results?","answer":"Black"}
{"text":["Yes, we have. We haven't canvassed all video game producers. There are a couple of companies that we've worked with in particular. We approach them, and in some cases they have approached us asking for advice. And in one case, we said, hey, would you like to incorporate this in your game?They thought it was a wonderful idea, so we sat down with them and explained some of the basic concerns and maybe some ways that they might want to approach it.","If video games reflect the fact that the rules of war are often flouted, doesn't just reflect what happens in life?","It may reflect what happens in life. At the same time, because they are flouted, we can't throw up our hands and say it's useless. You know, anything is allowable under war. We have to keep insisting on that and we have to keep pushing the notion that there are laws, even in war, and that they must be respected.","And, Mr.  Barrett, I'm sure there's some people listening who might find this very interesting but say but, you know, why doesn't the ICRC do more about Syria?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the ICRC should do more about Syria, but the implied meaning is that some people might find this conversation interesting, but they may ask why the ICRC is not doing more to help with the situation in Syria.","questions":"How might some people listening to the conversation respond to the ICRC's involvement in Syria?","answer":"Syria"}
{"text":["The Census Bureau has been examining that very vigorously. What tends to be a common result is if you use data from retail, you tend to under enumerate those who aren't connected economically. That tends to be poorer people, transient people, children - precisely those that are hard to enumerate in general.","So the world of the future I think we all think is some complicated blend of these organic digital sources with traditional methods. You can't use one or the other. We need to use both. And some of the innovation proposed for the 2020 census actually involves trying to use those data wisely when we can.","Robert Groves - he oversaw the 2010 census and is currently the provost of Georgetown University. Thanks so much for being with us, sir.","It was wonderful talking to you, Scott."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of the turn in (3) is to express gratitude and appreciation to Robert Groves for his time. The literal meaning of the turn is to thank Robert Groves for being present with them.","questions":"Which person did Robert Groves oversee during the 2020 census?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Right.","In south L. A. , it's black-Latino. Do you think that the NAACP will or should reach out to particularly other people of color to try to form coalitions?","Well that's been something that Julian Bond has been emphasizing throughout his chairmanship. I'm not sure the various precedents, the CEOs understood it. But it's the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. And Du Bois said at the beginning of the century that it was not jut black people, but black, brown, yellow all the colored races that had to work together. So I think that - and Jealous comes from a community and background where he is very much aware of that. I think the NAACP needs to do it, whatever the tensions are, whatever the issues are, whether it's housing or whose turf is available to whom, or immigration or whatever it is, jobs. I think the NAACP has to that, and I think Ben will do that.","Now, when it comes to civil rights, I talked to a young activist who is very much within the black community. His entire focus is on young black men and yet he hates the term civil rights. He thinks civil rights, the term, has undermined civil rights, the movement, because it's outdated, in his opinion. What do you think on that score?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The NAACP needs to work with people of color regardless of tensions or issues","questions":"How should the NAACP work with other races?","answer":"Together"}
{"text":["Our Women's National Team has been so successful over decades since the beginning of the creation of the team, right?And all of these women - we all think that we're the best in the world. Rightfully so - but you can imagine that environment and the standards and the competition and the challenge and the demanding aspects of it. So, having lived inside of this little ecosystem for so many years, I became so accustomed to having those around me push me to become my best self.","So I took a few years off, and I got super unfit, but I needed - my body needed a complete reset. So I started running again, and this whole thing - like, I hate running. I hate every step of it. And I would come home, and I would complain. And eventually, my wife was, like, look - like, you don't have your teammates around you.","And it dawned on me - like, wow. Oh, OK. I see how this works. Suffering and joy is made so much better when you get to do it with people around you that see your best self and hold you to that account.","It's common for professional athletes after they retire to feel like they've lost their identity. What have you done to kind of rebuild who you are?Do you feel like you have an identity again after your pro career?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Retiring from a professional athletic career can result in a loss of identity, and the speaker is asking how the person has coped with this and if they have found a new sense of identity.","questions":"How does PersonB address the topic of identity after retiring from a professional athletic career?","answer":"Identity"}
{"text":["Am I wrong to see in this novel a theme that the relics we worship are often no more than making a choice among frauds?","You know, Frederick - he had 19,000 of these things.","Yeah.","You know, everything. Frederick was called Frederick the Wise. This was a very learned man. And you think, well, wait, you know, how could he have really thought this was, you know, the - a strand of Jesus's hair or a piece of straw?And the answer is, I suspect he didn't in his heart of hearts, but his - the overriding theology, if you will, was I think he thought that if relics make people more pious, where's the harm?I'm attracted to that notion. If it - if belief in a, you know, a bone leads you to praying to be a better person - how quickly I descend into truism - where's the harm?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 1)\tB:\tAm I wrong to see in this novel a theme that the relics we worship are often no more than making a choice among frauds? (2)\tA:\tYou know, Frederick - he had 19,000 of these things. (3)\tB:\tYeah. (4)\tA:\tYou know, everything.Frederick was called Frederick the Wise.This was a very learned man.And you think, well, wait, you know, how could he have really thought this was, you know, the - a strand of Jesus's hair or a piece of straw?And the answer is, I suspect he didn't in his heart of hearts, but his - the overriding theology, if you will, was I think he thought that if relics make people more pious, where's the harm?I'm attracted to that notion.If it - if belief in a, you know, a bone leads you to praying to be a better person - how quickly I descend into truism - where's the harm?  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1) Please choose a confidence score ( marks how confidence you are that there is implied meaning in this turn ) :   4 : You are not sure whether everybody will agree that this turn has implied meanings but you believe that most of them will Please write a implied meaning ( More than 8 words! ) :  Write reason here.","questions":"How was Frederick known?","answer":"Worship"}
{"text":["Prop 8 was voters saying that they do not want to allow same-sex marriages.","Yes, traditional marriage only. A federal appeals court struck that down. And if the Supreme Court takes that case, they then might be faced with a bigger question about: Is there a right to marry for gays and lesbians?My belief is they're going to put that off a while. They're going to decide this question about DOMA, and legally - and then put off a little while longer the question of what about all the other states where gay marriage is illegal.","And just briefly, David, we have the Voting Rights Act, a very important piece of legislation in this country that could come before the court, as well.","Absolutely. And it's also an old question. It goes back to the '60s. Since the '60s, the South has been under a sort of a special scrutiny. If they change their election laws in any way, they have to get a pre-clearance or an approval from Washington. It - that law is one of the great laws of the 20th century. It changed the South."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Supreme Court might consider legalizing same-sex marriage in the future","questions":"Which court might consider legalizing same-sex marriage?","answer":"Supreme."}
{"text":["There's definite bright spots. If you're Wal-Mart, you're doing fine. If you're Costco, you're doing fine. If you're Family Dollar, you're doing fine. If you're Dollar Tree, you're doing fine.","The consumer is trading down. Starbucks closes 600 stores, but McDonalds is doing fine. Bennigans closes all their stores. Steak and Ale closes all their stores, but Burger King is booming. There is a story out there. The consumer is in major trade-down mode. If you're in position to take advantage of that, you win.","What about hiring?Stores hire a lot of temporary workers around this time for the holiday season. What's going on there?","Well, we've got 82 clients. All of them, across the board, are planning to hire fewer people and for fewer hours. Hiring is going to be way down, inventory is down, sales is down; it's all down. You know, we've lost an average of 85,000 jobs a month so far this year. Unemployment is going to skyrocket, in our view, to 7 and a half, 8 percent. All the stores have canceled expansion plans, cutting back on investments. They're not opening new stores. They're closing stores, and they're slashing hiring budgets."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The economic situation is causing a significant decrease in hiring, sales, and investment.","questions":"Which aspects of the economy are being negatively impacted?","answer":"Economy"}
{"text":["Well, prior to me going to medical school, I was actually a vegetarian. I was a martial artist. And I got exposed to concepts of diet and nutrition as it impacted health, and I got exposed to concepts of energy with respect to martial arts practice. And I really didn't see any of that in my medical school experience. Along with that, I had a just really open-ended approach to looking at medicine.","Being an African-American, I was not one of the good old boys in medical school. So you can either try hard to be a part of that club, or you can say to yourself, well, gosh, maybe there's some other things that can actually be explored. So Chinese medicine - I've explored that. I explored classical homeopathy. I explored nutrition. I explored other, particularly African cultural arts. And out of that, it just opened a whole worldview to me.","Give us some specifics on what African traditional medicine might incorporate into your practice.","At the heart of traditional African medicine is God and the ancestors, OK?So now, you have many Africans that want to take advantage of traditional medicine, but they don't want to acknowledge the roots. So the roots, as I'm saying, is understand your relationship with ancestors in terms of ancestors being a part of the community. The use of divination - on the surface, I mean, we've seen different things, maybe on TV or someone is throwing bones or caraway shells and then makes a pronouncement."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : As an African-American, I had to explore unconventional areas such as Chinese medicine, classical homeopathy, and African cultural arts, to gain a wider perspective in medicine.","questions":"Which unconventional areas did the speaker explore as an African-American?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Yes, I do. I think General Kelly is right. I think a lot of America is out of touch with those of us who have served and the sacrifices that we've made or seen our colleagues make. And that's a divide that we ought to bridge. But you don't do that by politicizing an incident like this. You do it by taking responsibility for your actions. If you're the president, you say I don't think I said that, if that's what he believes. But if I offended the widow in any way, then I apologize.","Congressman, I - a bit off the central topic we've been talking about - did you know U. S.  forces were operating in Niger?","As a member of the armed services committee, I am aware of it but only very peripherally. This is not something that we have talked about or has been briefed to us extensively at all.","So you think there's more to be known about this mission and about U. S.  operations in that area of the world?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"As a member of the armed services committee, I am aware of it but only very peripherally. This is not something that we have talked about or has been briefed to us extensively at all.\" Implicated meaning: The speaker has limited knowledge about the specific topic mentioned, despite being a member of the committee responsible for it.","questions":"Which committee is the speaker a member of?","answer":"Armed"}
{"text":["We started originally in one of the big, metal buildings that comprises our fair area. And then we moved to an old World War II hangar here at the local airport as a backup.","Wow.","So we're using both now.","Have federal officials said why they picked Deming?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : We are using both buildings now, despite the inconvenience","questions":"Which building is being used now?","answer":"Hangar"}
{"text":["And so the - now we know as a result, I think, of Mueller's diligence and quiet pursuit of just the facts that there were more than 80 contacts between members of the Trump campaign and Russian agents. There were - there have been - developed more than 20 meetings between people in his orbit and Russian agents. His national security advisers pled guilty. His campaign chairman's on trial. His deputy campaign chairman's on trial. And yet he continues to call this a witch hunt. And, you know, I can't help but thinking that the hunters have caught some witches here.","And for you being a target of this investigation, what else are you waiting to find out from the investigation?","Well, I'd like to see the - you know, obviously, this is going to be a difficult case to bring to trial in the United States. These are 12 foreign agents, military intelligence agents who undertook this operation as laid out in great detail in the indictment. I'd like to see it brought to justice. I can't wait for President Trump to ask President Putin on Monday whether he'd agree to extradite them to face the bar of justice. And I'd like to be in the court if they were here. I'm not holding my breath either for the fact that Trump will do that or that Putin would agree. But, ultimately, you know, I don't think those agents would probably be vacationing in Western Europe, so. . .","John Podesta, thank you very much for joining us. He - John Podesta's the former chairman of Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign. Thanks much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"And yet he continues to call this a witch hunt. And, you know, I can't help but thinking that the hunters have caught some witches here.\" (The literal meaning of \"witch hunt\" refers to a search for people who are accused of witchcraft, but here it is being used figuratively to refer to the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 US presidential election.)","questions":"How does the speaker describe the investigation into Russian interference?","answer":"Witchhunt"}
{"text":["Some people, they thinking the sanction will bring the government down. The other people, they think that sanctioning Iran will damage more regular people's life. This is the war. The sanction is some kind of economic war. So war started long time ago based on the economy.","And finally, before we let you go, you know, in - there have been times in the past that Iranian Americans have mobilized, you know, despite the fact that - as you said, that there are lots of different perspectives about the relationship and how it should proceed. But most recently, for example, there were - Iranian Americans were organizing around opposing the Trump administration's efforts to make it harder for people from predominantly Muslim countries to come here - the so-called Muslim travel ban. Is there any sense, do you have any sense that the community is mobilizing in any particular way now, as these tensions are rising?Or is it just too soon, and people just aren't sure - aren't really sure what to do?","For the majority of the people, it is not time yet. Everything is just going back and forth. One day, they're attacking. Ten minutes later, they said, we stopped the attack. So people, they don't know what's going on. But still, in majority of the community, you are mostly against the war, no matter from each side.","That is Raza Goharzad. He hosts the show \"Politics And Society With Reza Goharzad\" on KIRN in Los Angeles. It's also known as Radio Iran. He also hosts a television show which is seen in Iran."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies that the situation is unpredictable and confusing for many people.","questions":"Which word describes the situation according to turn 2?","answer":"Unpredictable"}
{"text":["Yeah. I think a big local newspaper, you know, was kind of like the big local sports team. There's always been hostility toward the big, local paper but I think there was a certain amount of pride in it. And this is our paper. We are a big-time city. I think the Herald spoke more for the community and reflected the community better than any other institution down here could. And now there is no institution to replace that, unless, you know, you talk about sports team or something like that. And I think that's true of many, many cities now.","We talk so much about newspapers. Is journalism going to survive?Has that become DIY?Is this an opportunity for novelists to step in?","You know, novelists have been trying to step in for hundreds of years. And I think the same forces that are sort of working against newspapers probably are also working, to some extent, against books. I just, I don't know. It just feels like everything happens so fast now and everybody, you know, goes on to the next subject so quickly now. Books seem a little archaic, except as entertainment and, you know, as an escape from policy and that sort of thing.","Dave Barry. His new novel, \"Insane City. \"Speaking with us, of course, from Miami. Dave, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker questions the future of traditional journalism and whether there is an opportunity for novelists to fill the gap.","questions":"What does the speaker feel about books in turn (2)?","answer":"Relevance"}
{"text":["We tried for about two and half years. And I had this fear that with every step we took, we would learn something that it would confirm my fear that I couldn't have a baby.","She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF.","Tell me about that moment when you first saw your daughter Hazel for the first time. I mean, how did that feel?","Oh, my gosh. It was - it was incredible. I mean, first of all, I was in labor for 24 hours."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF.\"  Implicated meaning: The woman experienced anxiety related to her difficulties in conceiving a child, but was eventually able to become pregnant through in vitro fertilization (IVF).","questions":"Which medical procedure allowed the woman in the dialogue to become pregnant?","answer":"IVF"}
{"text":["What issues do you think he's emphasizing that have helped?","Well, there's no question that I think the number-one issue is economic inequality, the growing gap between rich - and I'm not going to say poor - but the rich and everyone else. It is not a progressive agenda or a conservative agenda to say, we are dealing in this country now with a kind of inequality that threatens the foundations of our society, and that resonates across the political spectrum.","You know, you can't get through a political conversation these days without mentioning Mr.  Trump. And I bring his name up to you because, on Friday, he took out after hedge funds. He's actually been doing that recently. I have a quote. \"The hedge fund guys - they make a fortune; they pay no tax. The hedge fund guys are getting away with murder. \"He sounds a lot more like Bernie Sanders than he does the other Republicans.","Well, you know, Scott, I think that Bernie Sanders is having an effect also on the Republican Party. It's not lost on any of these candidates, you know, not Hillary Clinton and not Donald Trump.","Speaking as a citizen and from your experience and base of influence, do you think Hillary Clinton's use of a private email server while secretary of state - now under inquiry by the Justice Department and the FBI - is a legitimate campaign issue?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"He sounds a lot more like Bernie Sanders than he does the other Republicans\" - This turn uses the phrase \"he sounds like Bernie Sanders\" to mean that Trump's comments on hedge funds align with Sanders' views, which is different from its literal meaning of \"the sound of Trump's voice resembles that of Bernie Sanders.\"","questions":"What did Trump say about hedge funds that made him sound like Bernie Sanders according to B?","answer":"Murder"}
{"text":["It's lovely. And I was trying to think of things that old people do that I should do, you know, like sticking my tongue out when the spoon is only halfway to my face and stuff like that. But in actual fact, if you just behave yourself absolutely normally, you become like an old person because they're exactly the same as us.","You've gotten the opportunity to work with two of the great actresses our generation, with Judi Dench in \"Mrs.  Brown\" - I think a lot of people remember that - and now with Maggie Smith.","Yeah, and an absolute delight it's been, yeah - and not only that, but with Michael Gambon, as well.","Mm-hmm. He's a great actor."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Just behaving normally can make you feel like an old person.2. Working with great actresses like Judi Dench and Maggie Smith has been a delightful experience.","questions":"How has PersonA felt working with Michael Gambon?","answer":"Delight"}
{"text":["And, you know, one can argue about how effective this instance of dueling briefs might have been in illuminating that whole issue for the American public. But it certainly wasn't anything like what we've seen in the current instance where you have, to be quite frank, a blatant use of the House Intelligence Committee for the purpose of trying to pre-emptively discredit findings of the special counsel.","But then - I'm glad you mentioned the disagreement between the two parties about - with the phrase was - what?- enhanced interrogation. . .","Right.",". . . Techniques. Because it is, among other things, the responsibility of Senate and House committees to oversee government action and to step in and make corrections and, for that matter, alert the public when they think intelligence agencies are going over the line, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn suggests that the speaker is feeling frustrated and overwhelmed.","questions":"Which emotion does the speaker convey in turn 2?","answer":"Frustration"}
{"text":["That's correct.",". . . Epstein's lawyers. OK, because I was asking about Epstein's lawyers.","Oh. Well, he - they aren't saying anything right now. They haven't seen the charges. So until they see the charges, I don't know how much they really want to say. They want to understand what they're up against to start with.","And so what are the lawyers for the victims saying?","Well, like I said, they were shocked, stunned. I don't think - I think that they suspected that something was happening with the Southern District of New York, which was investigating this and brought the charges. But I don't think they thought that it would happen this fast. I thought they thought it would be a very long process to try to get him. That's what makes me suspect that maybe they have a very good witness on their side."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"they were shocked, stunned\" implies they were surprised in a negative way.","questions":"Which emotion did the lawyers for the victims experience?","answer":"Surprised"}
{"text":["Yeah. If you've ever heard stories about people who win the lotto, their lives are in inalterably changed by that. It's a hard thing to imagine. And for NPR and The Salvation Army, these huge gifts - and it's important to point out that The Salvation Army got close to 10 times more than NPR did - it was challenging.","How do you continue to reach out to donors when you've received this windfall?In the case of NPR, how do you explain, in this complex matrix that we've got of member stations in the network, how the money will get dispersed?In the case of The Salvation Army, Joan asked for recreation centers to be built all around the country. But The Salvation Army really wasn't equipped to do that. It had done it once in San Diego, where Joan lived, but it wasn't something that was in their wheelhouse, so to speak.","So yeah, it's a terrible burden. It's a wonderful one, but it was complicated for both organizations.","How fair or accurate is the idea that Joan Kroc gave away Ray Kroc's money to a lot of places and causes of which he would not have approved?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : dispersed terrible burden How fair or accurate is the idea","questions":"What was questioned about the idea related to the burden of dispersing the money?","answer":"accuracy"}
{"text":["Well, the bubbles are held together by this sort of membrane of various things that surround the carbon dioxide that's making the bubble. And when you add something like too much detergent, somebody doesn't really wash out the glass well or some people even rub their nose and then put their finger down.","And this kills bubbles. And the oils - any type of oil, including the ChapStick, Vaseline, et cetera, will actually cause the bubbles to burst. It really destroys the surface tension - makes it uneven and the bubbles burst this way. So it's very interesting to see and it's very obvious on New Year's Eve, generally, women have less bubbles in their glass of champagne than men do for the obvious reason that women generally wear lipstick. On the other hand, this thing I just told you doesn't always work, because just like you can have second-hand smoke, Ira, you can have second-hand lipstick.","So try it out.","I'll tell you. What a pick-up line for New Year's Eve. I am doing a scientific survey of the lipstick around here. Let me ask you a few questions about your lipstick and your champagne. There's an opening."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is using the scientific survey as an excuse to flirt with the person they are talking to.","questions":"What is the PersonA's intention behind using the scientific survey?","answer":"flirt"}
{"text":["They have been evacuated. It tossed these trailer homes like tin cans. And there was one woman that said that she had turned in early and felt her bed bouncing. And she was evacuated and is staying elsewhere now.","The flooding - this is not restricted to just this small part of the state. This is the whole state of Oklahoma that's going through this. Is that right?","Yeah, 25% of the state has had at least 14 inches of water in the last 30 days. And if you look at towns in northeast Oklahoma like Skiatook - they've had 21 1\/2 inches, Nowata 23 inches. It's just crazy. And this is all coming to a head in Tulsa along the Arkansas River.","And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Many towns in northeast Oklahoma have received excessive rainfall causing severe flooding in Tulsa along the Arkansas River.","questions":"What is causing severe flooding in Tulsa?","answer":"Excessive"}
{"text":["You know, I think really when it comes to animal agriculture and pork production specifically, we've always been about open and fair markets and open trade. We know that when there's a level playing field and we have an opportunity to be able to compete with other pork producers worldwide, we continue to gain market share because we are good.","When we have tariffs, these retaliatory tariffs, obviously somebody else has an advantage over us. And especially in China here right now, obviously we've got two 25% tariffs that add up to a 50%, along with the 12% that they charge everybody. That's a 62% tariff. Well, that puts us out of the market, makes us uncompetitive.","Well, with this announcement out of the White House, kind of unexpectedly just in the past week, I mean, do you kind of feel like there's a game of chicken going on, and you're caught in the middle?","Well, let's be very realistic. The real issue at first was steel and aluminum tariffs, which the tariffs were put on Mexico. They retaliated against the United States, and our product was at a 20% tariff rate. And really that was worth about $12 per head. And that $12 came out of my and other pork producers' pocket. So that was the first one."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Tariffs put us out of the market and make us uncompetitive","questions":"What puts pork producers out of the market and makes them uncompetitive?","answer":"Tariffs"}
{"text":["Well, you have roots in the South, so what are some of the food prep and food producing traditions of the South that you think we need to reconnect with?","Yeah, for me, it's really about helping people remember and as you said, reconnect with these issues - or these ways of connecting with the land and producing our foods that we saw just a couple of generations ago. As Will Allen said, you know, most people in America were producing their own food. And when I think about the African-American community that I grew up in, you know, my grandparents had practically an urban farm in their backyard. You know, everyone on the street was growing some type of food, small plots, people had mini- orchards.","And you go back to the same neighborhood now and it's, you know, practically a shell of itself. And I think we need to just kind of like remember that the way that people are advocating for eating local, healthy, sustainable food, you know, these ways that many of us were eating. And this isn't just about African-Americans. I think that a couple of generations ago a lot of us were eating this way, and we just need to get back to that.","Well, some argue that the locally sourced organic food movement is elitist and out of reach for the budget of lower-income city folks. So, what do you think?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Food is the most important think for each any every human.","questions":"How does PersonA suggest we need to reconnect with food producing traditions of the South?","answer":"Remember"}
{"text":["And then, on top of that, you've got a set of rules that just make any type of compromise very difficult. And the toughest one there is that any budget or spending plan has to pass by two-thirds of a vote of both the Senate and the Assembly. So, even though the Democrats hold pretty firm majorities in both houses, they can't do it without getting three Republican votes from the Senate and three from the Assembly.","So, it basically has to be a consensus budget. And the governor for his entire term has been totally flummoxed by the fact that it's so difficult to find a middle ground in the legislature to get things done.","Jordan Rau reporting from Sacramento for the Los Angeles Times on California's massive budget deficit facing more than $14 billion shortfall this year. And, Jordan, thank you very much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The governor has had a hard time finding common ground in the legislature to get things done due to the difficulty in passing a budget.","questions":"Which deficit is California facing this year?","answer":"14"}
{"text":["I've got to ask you a high hard one, as they call it in baseball, Monsignor. Can you understand if a number of faithful Catholics stand up during Mass tomorrow and tell their priest, look; I'm sorry, father, but what moral authority do you or does the church have to tell me anything when it's hurt so many people who loved it and concealed those crimes for decades?","You know, I certainly understand it. That was what Cardinal Cupich said, actually. He said that if the church doesn't get this right, its moral authority is shot. And so why we're having a global summit on an issue that the church says this is in the front burner and we - they don't do global summits on anything. So the church is trying to say, yeah, this is important, and if we don't get this right, it's over.","Are you concerned the church is going to lose its moral authority over this issue or has already lost its moral authority?","Well, I'm sure it has. It has with many people. There's no question about it. And right - and I think the church has a responsibility, say, to clean up its own act before it tells other people how to act. I totally agree with that.","Monsignor Stephen Rossetti of the Catholic University of America, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The church has hurt many people and concealed crimes.","questions":"Which sports term does PersonB use to introduce his question to Monsignor?","answer":"High"}
{"text":["Condemnation continues of President Trump's profane language about several foreign countries, using an especially crude word. And a warning - you're about to hear that word. At a bipartisan meeting with legislators on Thursday, the president asked why the United States would want immigrants from, quote, \"shithole countries. \"Until last week, roughly 200,000 Salvadorans in the U. S.  held temporary protected status. That was put in place after the devastating earthquakes hit that country in 2001. But the White House says it'll end those protections and give Salvadorans until September 2019 to return to El Salvador or face deportation.","Carlos Dada is the founder of El Faro, a news site based in San Salvador, and joins us from there. Carlos, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me, Scott.","What's the reaction in El Salvador been to the president's comments and, for that matter, your personal reaction?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone ","questions":"Which word in the dialogue implies that Carlos Dada is being hosted or engaged with rather than owned?","answer":"Having"}
{"text":["Four. Four. We have two children.","You're a fam of four. And you are in the hospital, all four of you?","Were in the hospital, yes.","So what do you plan to do when the storm stops?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A has two children and B is confirming the family size, but also asking if they are all in the hospital together.","questions":"Which family member is in the hospital?","answer":"All"}
{"text":["What has been the reaction to this from the pollsters at this conference that you're at?","In the hallways here, I was surprised to hear, actually, that academics and pollsters are mostly saying that this effort is overdue. There's general consensus that the traditional exit polls are oversampling Democrats because older voters don't like having to fill out these forms. And they, of course, lean pretty heavily Republican.","Many people I talked to here said that they've been raising alarm bells with the National Election Pool for a decade to no avail. And they see this as a pretty good thing to light a match under those exit pollsters to change. I talked with a consultant to one of those exit polls. And he said that they are actually going to be trying to make changes and that this is part of that.","That's NPR's lead political editor Domenico Montanaro in Denver."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They've been making the National Election Pool worried and extremely concerned.  Also, it is not a pool, but an organization that gets information from groups of people.","questions":"What is the organization that gets information from groups of people?","answer":"NEP"}
{"text":["So two days ago, we were notified by our sheriffs, the Palm Beach County sheriff, through the Broward County sheriff. I believe they were notified by Border Patrol that 135 people will be sent each week to Broward County and Palm Beach County. The sheriffs then turned and notified myself as mayor of the county. And with that notification came no instructions on sheltering these people, feeding these people, housing these people, determining the health of anybody. Just, here's 135 people coming every week. Good luck. That's basically what the message has been.","What was your initial reaction to that?","Pretty much disbelief. Normally, when anything happens like this, the federal government contacts the state government, the state government then will contact the local county government, like us. In this situation, no protocol. There's been nothing communicated in those channels. We've contacted the governor's office. They have no idea. We contacted our U. S. Senators Scott and Rubio. They had no idea. We contacted our congresspeople. Nobody was informed by the Trump administration about any of this.","And did you get the sense that this is a done deal - this was not, like, a draft plan or a trial balloon?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : I think \"trial balloon\" refers to an event being on a provisional basis to see what effects it will have.","questions":"What does \"trial balloon\" mean?","answer":"Provisional."}
{"text":[". . . in Romania. And he's an 18-year-old who did this pretty much on his own. And this isn't his first project. Before this, he was building jet engines.","And 18-year-old?","Yeah, from the Internet.","Don't try this - well, he tried it at home, I guess."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The turn with an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (4) \"Don't try this - well, he tried it at home, I guess.\" This statement is a sarcastic remark that implies that the speaker thinks the project the 18-year-old completed is difficult or dangerous and that the listener should not attempt it. However, the speaker acknowledges that the 18-year-old had the audacity to try it anyway.","questions":"How did the speaker feel about the 18-year-old's project?","answer":"difficult"}
{"text":["Hi, Lulu. How are you?","I'm good. How are the players that you're talking to reacting to the stand that the NFL's taken?","Well, I think they've taken the position that the NFL has decided to fully engage with this culture war initiated by the president when he first attacked the NFL players back in September. One of the questions of the book that I was asking is, who gets to be the patriot?And when the president first called the players unpatriotic, then said that they shouldn't have jobs, now he's even saying that dissenting players maybe shouldn't even be in the country. And that the NFL is going along with it, as well, I think this has really reignited some really bad blood between the players and the owners.","And how is that manifesting itself?I mean, what conversations are the players having, and what can they actually do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Bad blood is not literally being lit up or ignited. The implied meaning is that the players and owners are not agreeing on the issue at hand and therefore tensions are arising.","questions":"Which word describes the implied meaning of \"reignited\" in turn 2?","answer":"Tensions"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. What's past is prologue is a line from Shakespeare. In politics, what's past can be a time bomb to explode or fizzle. Dr.  Ben Carson leads in some national polls, but he's now being asked about claims he's made about his past. And Jeb Bush, who's fallen into single digits, may have political problems with the new biography about his beloved father, and all just before the next Republican debate. NPR senior editor and correspondent Ron Elving joins us. Ron, thanks for being with us.","Good morning, Scott.","I would guess nobody doubts Dr.  Carson's a superb surgeon with an amazing personal story. But he's had to handle questions this week about a temper he said he once had to overcome an acclaim he's made about West Point.","You know, being the frontrunner gives you a kind of claim to scrutiny that no one else gets. And CNN was unable to corroborate Dr.  Carson's stories about his violent youth, including a stabbing incident where he says his knife blade broke off on the belt buckle of a friend. The implication is that these stories have been enhanced or exaggerated for effect to, you know, improve the story of his personal redemption. And that story also includes what he has called his full tuition scholarship to West Point, where, it turns out, he did not even apply."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that CNN was unable to verify some of the claims that Dr. Ben Carson has made about his past, including an incident where he stabbed a friend and his application and acceptance to West Point. However, the implied meaning is that Dr. Carson may have exaggerated or embellished these stories in order to make his personal redemption story more compelling. The turn (4) uses the phrase \"the implication is\" to indicate that this is not a direct accusation, but rather a suggestion or insinuation.","questions":"What phrase does turn (4) use to indicate that the suggestion about Dr. Carson's claims is not a direct accusation?","answer":"Implication"}
{"text":["So Iran, I think, is going to respond to what it sees as its advantage. If the Trump administration were prepared to say we're going to remove a good part of the sanctions on Iran if you will sit down at the table, I think Iran would probably take that very seriously. The Trump administration, because of its opposition to the nuclear deal, created a crisis that really wasn't necessary.","And it could get worse. There is a real chance of misperception and misunderstanding that leads to military conflict. And I think this is something that nobody wants.","That's Gary Sick. He's a senior research scholar at Columbia University's Middle East Institute. Mr.  Sick, thank you so much for talking to us.","It was a pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There is a risk of military conflict due to misunderstandings.","questions":"Which Senior Research Scholar at Columbia University's Middle East Institute discussed the risk of military conflict due to misunderstandings?","answer":"Gary"}
{"text":["This week, Ira, it's out there. This one's loopy. That's a joke, and you're going to find out why.","It's literally loopy.","It's literally loopy.","You're not - you were looking at me saying loopy. So. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : loopy in this context means crazy or weird","questions":"Which word did PersonA use to describe the topic of discussion in turn 0?","answer":"Loopy"}
{"text":["Well, yes, he was. Later I found out what he was really brilliant at, which was lying. He had a physics degree, a mathematics degree and an economics degree, I think, from three different Ivy League colleges. So, why doubt him?Especially once you've seen the props. Once you've seen the art, you buy the person.","He'd married to a successful woman named Sandy who paid all the bills. How could this smart woman be with this fraud?","I can only answer that question by telling you why I bought this fraud. He was charming. He had a story that explained everything. And so when she came into his life, he had perfected his act to the extent that he'd anticipated every question, had an answer for everything. So, it's like a magic trick. After you know how it works, it seems so obvious. But when it happening, you're enchanted.","There was a moment when he gave you the personal phone number of the president, and I forget what the occasion was - but he said go ahead, try it. You'll get him directly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Once you've seen the props. Once you've seen the art, you buy the person.\" - This turn is using figurative language. It means that when someone puts on a convincing performance, it can be easy to believe in them even if they are not trustworthy.","questions":"How can a person be bought according to the statement in turn 0?","answer":"Influence"}
{"text":["So him and two of his friends were watching Anwar al-Awlaki videos online. And they decided they were going to go join primarily the Taliban. And they traveled to Pakistan. When they got there, they met a number of different connectors and ended up with - actually, with al-Qaida. And al-Qaida realized the benefit of these three Americans that were there. And they sent them back to commit an attack here.","There seems to be real agreement between prosecutors and the judge that Zazi is a changed man. What happened?","Yeah, so when Zazi got picked up in the fall of 2009, he immediately started cooperating. And from then on, for the last 10 years or so, he's cooperated against a number of high-profile trials in the U. S.  - the third in command in al-Qaida, another American and a British operative. He cooperated with law enforcement over 100 times, did interviews there. They described his cooperation as extraordinary, some of the best they've seen in terrorism trials.","Do we know why?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Zazi did not change physically but changed his personality.","questions":"Which aspect of Zazi's transformation did not change?","answer":"Physically"}
{"text":["But you also said let me reassure you, I've seen the quality of that work. In other words, these plans are viable, credible, ready to go?","Yes, I have. I did say that. Part of my job in the Pentagon was the oversight - civilian oversight of military planning, and one of the things that we've, you know, we're charged with is to prepare options for the president no matter the contingency. And certainly, there are very viable plans with regard to contingencies involving Iran. But again, the judgment is at this point that's not where the focus should be.","And as you know, Israel has - well, has plans of its own - contingencies. And I know a large part of your speech was devoted to the idea that they should hold off and reassuring them the United States would take action if necessary and that Israeli action would be counterproductive. More counterproductive than an American strike?","Well, my point to them was we have a shared objective here - preventing Iran from getting nuclear weapons and that, you know, any military action really only buys time. It's a delaying action for one to three years. It sets the program back, but it doesn't solve the fundamental problem of Iran's pursuit of a nuclear weapons capability. To do that, you'll need a continued international campaign with sanctions, with negotiations to eventually change their calculus."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"In other words, these plans are viable, credible, ready to go?\" - The actual meaning here is not about the meaning of the words used but rather about the speaker trying to confirm if the plans are indeed viable, credible, and ready to be implemented.","questions":"How did PersonB confirm the viability of the plans?","answer":"Oversight"}
{"text":["This sounds pretty controversial and like something we want to hear about.","Yeah, it sounds really futuristic, doesn't it?","It does. It does. Let's start with the basics, though. When we say scientists want to synthesize genetic codes of living organisms - that's a big mouthful - including humans, what do we mean exactly?","Yeah. So you know, scientists know how to read the genetic code. What they want to do now is what they call write the genetic code, write DNA. And what that means is they essentially want to assemble or manufacture genomes from the chemical building blocks it's made of for all kinds of living organisms, including, as you said, people. And they want to be able do it in their labs quickly, efficiently and cheaply so it becomes something really practical and easy to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A is implying that the topic is something that is futuristic, or ahead of its time.","questions":"Which word describes PersonA's opinion about the topic?","answer":"Futuristic"}
{"text":["I was very impressed, though. I mean, I think just getting to the athletes' village is a huge accomplishment.","Absolutely.","And I know that you have been behaving yourself in the athletes' village and elsewhere. Any closing thoughts before you bid farewell to the land of crumpets?","Closing ceremonial thoughts?I was one of those skeptics who said it could never live up to Beijing. I learned once again that every Olympic Games is its own moment. Danny Boyle, the movie director and artist behind the opening ceremony, he said a wise thing about his production. You know, don't even try to compete with China, which had that unforgettable mega-opening ceremony. Do your own thing was Boyle's attitude."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  Implies that the speaker was initially skeptical about the Olympics in England but changed their opinion after seeing the opening ceremony.","questions":"How did the PersonA's opinion change about the Olympics in England?","answer":"Changed"}
{"text":["The president is given to hyperbole. That's an understatement, or perhaps it's a euphemism. But, no, this shutdown cannot last for months or years because that would disrupt far, far more than we've seen so far - not only national parks or federal paychecks but food stamps, which 38 million Americans depend on, and the IRS. Think tax advice at this time of year and tax refunds, Scott. Tens of millions of Americans count on that tax refund check, and they will not want to wait for it for months or years.","What do you see that might be utterly distinct about this particular shutdown, given it's almost become a way of life in the Capitol?","There's some of the usual posturing to be sure. But it's also unlike previous shutdowns in that both sides seem to be content with the politics of a stalemate. Usually, at least one side seems highly eager to get on with the courtship. But here, we have both playing hard to get. So the longest shutdown was three weeks back in the mid-1990s during the Clinton administration, the speakership of Newt Gingrich. By next weekend, we may have broken that record.","Let's talk about the new Congress. Nancy Pelosi - once again speaker. But the difference in appearance between the two sides in that chamber is dramatic."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The president's words are exaggerated and they are not meant to be taken literally.","questions":"What is the president's tendency?","answer":"exaggeration"}
{"text":["Because unlike candidates, which have to disclose their fundraising and spendings to the Federal Elections Commission, outside groups - a lot of them are basically incorporated nonprofits, they're businesses. And they don't really have a legal mandate to disclose. They're simply communicating a message. So what these Federal Communication Commission filings do is give us a sense of what they're spending on the biggest ticket item in politics right now, which is television advertising.","So how do these new rules make what you do easier?","Back in sort of the bad old days, the pre-2012 days, you would actually hop in your car, and if you had five or six television stations in your market, you would go to to five or six television stations and root through physical files to find out what groups were behind these ads. And the things in those files were valuable, not only because they sort of told you the volume of advertising in dollar terms and how many spots they were running, but also sometimes they were the only hints of who was actually behind an ad, you know. A lot of these groups have names like Mom For Apple Pie. Well, who is was Mom For Apple Pie?Sometimes the FCC files were your only hope to kind of figure out - oh, this is actually attached to this Republican or this Democratic organization.","And in your state this year, there has been a time of spending already. On the Republican side, there are a couple of big names that of been doing this - Americans For Prosperity and Crossroads GPS. And I think we have an ad for Americans For Prosperity."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the literal meaning is that outside groups are only communicating a message and do not have a legal mandate to disclose their fundraising and spendings. The actual meaning is that despite not being required to disclose their activities, outside groups are still significant spenders on television advertising in politics.","questions":"Which item is the biggest ticket in politics right now?","answer":"Television"}
{"text":["You know, this is a very opaque system in Iran. And it's tough to sometimes know to what extent an action was sanctioned from the very top. And in some ways, President Trump gave Iran an out by saying that this was just a big mistake. This was a misunderstanding.","Could have been a junior officer somewhere or something like that.","Exactly.","Could it have been a junior officer somewhere?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Iran has a system of government that does not tell anyone what is going on.","questions":"What was tough to know in Iran according to A?","answer":"Information"}
{"text":["So if we're negotiating in public, we're not really negotiating at all.","That's correct. What we're doing is playing chicken, all kinds of games with each other. It's just a mess. You know, whenever you get to the entitlements, and so everybody knows, I'm out of the Senate three years and a half, but I was there for 36 years, and much of my work was budgeting. If I were there, I would be right in the middle of this. You would have been hearing from me for the last two years, and you'd be tired of my voice.","And you, Neal, would have had me on so many times, you would have said I don't want you anymore.","Well, I doubt that, Senator."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning is that the speaker would have appeared on a media outlet many times. The actual meaning is that the speaker would have been very vocal and persistent on the issue, possibly annoying the media host.","questions":"Which media outlet?","answer":"Media"}
{"text":["But yes, they do make them vulnerable. But to my knowledge, he has no problem with his feet. And there was another horse with three white feet who did pretty well, and his name was Secretariat.","Oh, yeah. OK.  Victor Espinoza is Chrome's jockey. What do you expect from him?","He's a very talented rider. He has been here before. He won two legs of the Triple Crown with War Emblem a few years ago. He's made beautiful decisions in terms of where to position the horse and strategy is everything in the Belmont. This is a riders race.","I don't know if he will win, but this afternoon, pin your heart on this beautiful little horse and this odd cast of characters around him. The pantheon of Triple Crown winners admits only the truly great. So if he is good enough to do it, you will be looking at a horse for the ages."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the meaning of \"pin your heart on this beautiful little horse and this odd cast of characters around him\" is to invest your emotion or faith in Chrome and his team, even if there is no guarantee of success.","questions":"How would you describe the suggested emotional investment in Chrome and his team?","answer":"Invest"}
{"text":["Let me ask you about what are called battleground states in this coming election. I'll rattle off Florida, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Is there early voting there?Will people take advantage of it?","Absolutely. Florida - it'll be - approximately 40 percent of the ballots will come in early, perhaps a higher number. Half of those will come in early in person. Ohio also has a lot of early voting. Pennsylvania - no. Pennsylvania still only allows for excuse-required absentee balloting. So in Pennsylvania, they still wait until Election Day.","And, Scott, this is going to change the dynamics in those states so that you will expect to see early rallies timed when the early voting period opens up, likely in Florida, Ohio, North Carolina. The candidates' travel schedule will reflect this because they want to follow up that kind of enthusiasm and get people to the polls right away.","And are more people voting early now not because they have to but because they just want to?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker is implying that more people are choosing to vote early, not because they have to, but because they want to.","questions":"How are more people voting early now?","answer":"Want"}
{"text":["Good to be with you, Scott.","Do you think President Trump was essentially trying to back off and ease tensions with Iran this week?","Scott, let's begin by saying there was relief, widespread and bipartisan, when the president pulled back instead of pulling the trigger. But the larger confrontation he's created here still has very few avenues for escape. It's possible this show of last-minute restraint may make renewed negotiations possible, but it could also heighten the tension to the point where the Iranians cannot come to the table. They have complicated domestic politics to deal with, just as we do. So the moment of hesitation on the president's part could ultimately produce an even greater degree of anxiety, an even more disastrous hour of reckoning.","A number of people have questioned parts of the president's account, especially a statement that he wasn't given or asked for - whatever it was - an estimate of casualties until the strikes had almost begun."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : To pull the trigger means to decide to make something happen.","questions":"What did the president hesitate to do?","answer":"hesitate"}
{"text":["No, that's not my cell phone. It's the sound of our space, kind of. It's a radio signal picked up by one of NASA's Radiation Storm Belt Probes. These probes are orbiting inside Earth's radiation belts, a hazardous part of space filled with high-energy particles. And these eerie, chirping noises are called chorus. Scientists have known about them for years. Ham radio operators have listened to them. But these are the clearest recordings yet.","Here to tell us more about these chorus recordings is Craig Kletzing. He's the F.  Wendell Miller professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Iowa. He's also the principal investigator for one of the experiments on the Radiation Storm Belt Probes. Doctor Kletzing is joining us today from Iowa City. Welcome to the program.","Thanks for having me.","So before - well, let me just start with: What did we just hear?Explain it for us."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The sound is not from a cell phone but from a radio signal picked up by NASAs probes.","questions":"Which NASPersonA probe picked up the radio signal?","answer":"Radiation"}
{"text":["Which is what they do.","This is what they do, in the equivalent amount to one or 10 bad eggs or so. And they plated it out over time on these little plates. And if you put the sample on on the plate right after you add the salmonella. It looks like a lawn. I mean, the bacteria. . .","Petri dishes full of lawn.","(Unintelligible)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Actual meaning implies that the bacteria has grown and spread across the plates, creating the appearance of a lawn.","questions":"What is the appearance of the bacteria on the plates?","answer":"Lawn-like"}
{"text":["Yes, I - my mom has a cleaning company, and she cleans for a lawyer here locally. And once she started working there, it just turned into, like, a really big place. Like, it was not easy for her to do by herself, so. . .","You pitch in after school or on weekends or. . .","We took Sundays and sometimes Fridays to clean up the office, which was probably the best days for us because after church, we'd just head towards the office and clean.","And that all went to your quince fund."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A's mom's cleaning company grew rapidly after taking on the lawyer's office as a client","questions":"Which office required PersonA and her mother to take Sundays and sometimes Fridays to clean?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["It's perfect.","Yeah, bubbly jock. And an owl is a hoolet. And that, again, is based on the sound that it makes. And - but my favorite is a wood pigeon, is a cushie-doo.","That is an absolutely dead-on approximation of its sound.","Isn't it lovely?So a frog is a puddock and sparrow is a speug. So I've never used speug in a sentence, but when I was a boy, we used puddock. So I don't go around trying to convince everybody that my culture's better than theirs, but sometimes it suits my face better. It sits nicely in my mouth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is using Scottish slang to describe animals.","questions":"Which animal's Scottish slang term is \"cushie-doo\"?","answer":"Wood"}
{"text":["So right now, there are multiple congressional committees investigating this issue. We've got them on the House side. We've got a couple on the Senate side. I guess I want to know why is there a need for multiple investigations, and how do these congressional investigations differ at their core from what Special Counsel Robert Mueller is conducting?","Well, Senate Intelligence looks at intelligence matters primarily. Senate Judiciary looks at matters that fall under the broad scope of the Judiciary Committee. All these congressional investigations differ very much in function from what the Special Counsel Mueller does. Mueller works in secret and long, long deep studies of things like finances. And he doesn't bring his results public. If he finds something that's really important, he won't let you know until it's time to indict somebody. Whereas, the congressional committees when classification allows them to be in the open, they live for open hearings. They want people to know what they found.","And what about compelling witnesses to testify?The subpoena, is that a last resort thing or is it just a negotiating device?","Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The subpoena is a powerful tool of influence and negotiation, not just a last resort.","questions":"What is the subpoena?","answer":"Subpoena"}
{"text":["So Gaspasr got a no. Can you talk about why?What was the reasoning?","Sure. So the applicant's explanation for Gaspasr - they explained that, I am a nurse anesthetist, which would make sense. They use gas. But the DMV commented gas passer. She passes gas - in parentheses - farts.","Ah, OK. So someone decided they weren't buying it. Are there things that they police for, like, hate speech or racism?I mean, how does that work?","Totally, yeah. Unfortunately, they do get a lot of submissions that at least could be interpreted as hate speech, as offensive to certain groups. They try to filter out things that could be seen as maybe references to white supremacy. For instance, the number 88 - in any context, even if it's benign, even if it's completely harmless, they always consistently block out the number 88 because it has a certain symbolism for white supremacy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  A: \"She passes gas - in parentheses - farts.\" - The literal meaning is that the applicant is a nurse anesthetist who uses gas to sedate patients. The actual meaning is that the DMV misunderstood the term \"gas passer\" and interpreted it as a reference to flatulence.","questions":"Which term did the DMV interpret as a reference to flatulence?","answer":"Gas-passer"}
{"text":["We're coming over the initial shock. It's a very strange situation to live in one of the wealthiest countries in the world. And we have been living in more luxury than almost any other nation on this planet, and now all of a sudden we find ourselves almost like beggars.","You talk about the swift difference between being so wealthy to now being in a totally different place. Is this what everyone - is the average person going through something like this?Or is this just a select few that went from being so wealthy to so not wealthy?","The general public here has been very, very well off. But now people that are starting to lose their jobs - hundreds of people that used to work in the banks have been losing their jobs recently. We know that a lot of companies are going to become bankrupt. We had almost no unemployment in the past years. We've been importing workers from Eastern Europe because we didn't have enough people to work in our companies.","So, how are people coping with this?Are they selling off their belongings?What are they doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People may be selling their belongings to cope with the financial crisis.","questions":"What are some possible coping mechanisms for people during the financial crisis?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Four. Four. We have two children.","You're a fam of four. And you are in the hospital, all four of you?","Were in the hospital, yes.","So what do you plan to do when the storm stops?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asking if all family members are in the hospital","questions":"Which family member is in the hospital?","answer":"All"}
{"text":["Correct.","How much money was that?","$175,000 for the coming year.","And specifically, you used that money in what way?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : coming year means the year that is coming up","questions":"How much was allocated for the coming year?","answer":"$175,000"}
{"text":["What would happen in a civil contempt is that you would basically be trying to hold the attorney general - get a court order that he was in contempt. And the court would have a hearing. And Justice Department would intervene, and they would fight the contempt citation. And then the court would have a ruling. And that's how the process kind of operates theoretically. What normally happens is the court does not like to step into executive legislative disputes, and they will urge both sides to try to accommodate one another. I think it would only be if the court determined that the Justice Department was really in bad faith would they then hold the attorney general in contempt.","Let me ask you this. If this matter does land in court, if litigation is actively pursued, that could take months. It could take years even. And if the goal is to get information from Attorney General William Barr, how is this an effective strategy?Pursuing a contempt case could result in a huge delay, right?","I think the reality is is that the rules of subpoenas right now as we're discussing in many ways work in favor of the executive for the exact reason that you are hinting at in your question, which is they can run the clock. They can probably run the clock on the enforcement question for months, if not years. And they might be able to even run it up to the next election.","Right. So if the White House intends to stonewall, do you think it's even a wise strategy on the part of the Democrats right now to be talking about contempt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Talking about contempt might not be a wise strategy for Democrats.","questions":"What might not be a wise strategy for Democrats?","answer":"Strategy"}
{"text":["We don't know the why. We do know the effect. It bears a striking resemblance to the Jim Crow literacy tests. I mean, it's 43 questions ranging from geography to culture to agriculture. I would challenge any citizen of any state in Georgia to pass a test of 43 questions about their state.","So before we let you go, could you just describe for people, you know, what it is - because some people might not find it upsetting. They say, well, you know, maybe they're just trying to determine whether the residents of Puerto Rico who have moved are really from Puerto Rico as opposed to from some other Spanish-speaking place. Could you just describe for people again why this - in your view, this violates the law and is offensive?","Well, Puerto Rican American citizens have the same right to transfer their lives, move to another state and have a driver's license as Texans or Ohioans. It's a matter of federal law. It's a matter of the federal Constitution. And Puerto Rican citizens in Georgia are subject to a different set of rules that are much more restrictive.","That's Gerry Weber. He's a senior attorney at the Southern Center. He's also a professor at Emory University School of Law."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The 43-question test is discriminatory and reminiscent of Jim Crow laws","questions":"What is the range of topics covered in the 43-question test?","answer":"Geography,Culture,Agriculture"}
{"text":["My mother had a friend I called David in the essay. And he was a funny, charming man. And he always had clients around. He found them out of the state so they would live with him while they were going on auditions. And they seemed to have a lot of shirtless pictures of them around framed. That seemed to be the greatest bit of work that they did - were these shirtless pictures.","And each year, these boys would come and go, and they'd be between the ages of 12 and 16. And there was this feeling that my mother and I would sort of talk around. Is this weird?This is weird, right?No. No, it's David. It can't be weird. And I think there are a lot of people in Los Angeles dealing with that right now of people they have held in their heads where there's a little bit of a galvanic skin-crawly thing, but they also like this person.","Course, your article appeared as Anthony Rapp come forward with his charges against Kevin Spacey. Been a few more Kevin Spacey stories that have also come out since then. Without trying to judge the veracity of each and every story, what's the mix of ambition and vulnerability that makes child actors prey?","The same thing which puts women at risk in the business, which is economics. For children, there is a small window of opportunity in which a career is going to happen. You are not a child indefinitely. That makes people ripe for abuse."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"Is this weird? This is weird, right?\" - The speaker is not really asking if it is weird, but rather acknowledging that it is weird and trying to rationalize it by attributing it to their relationship with David.","questions":"How did the speaker rationalize their feeling towards David?","answer":"Attributing"}
{"text":["I have another on-the-other-hand that may have presented itself this week. A lot of people said if the president doesn't enforce what he said would happen, if Syria crossed the red line and used chemical weapons, then Iran would think that the United States was insincere and would develop a nuclear - continued to develop a nuclear weapon system. This week, the new Iranian president says: We're not interested in nuclear weapons; I want to shake President Obama's hand. Does it suggest that the administration has done something right?","I think that the proof of the pudding is in the eating. And in Syria, you saw Assad fear an American strike and make a deal that he probably would not have made otherwise. In Iran, you see after four years of Obama's threats, and more than the threats to use military force, or the threat to keep the option of force on the table, you have four years of very, very hard edge sanctions imposed by the about administration on Iran.","And so, I think that they're taking Obama fairly seriously. We'll see what happens down the road, if they continue to take it seriously. But the credibility issue is not quite, at the moment at least, what some people thought it would be.","Jeffrey Goldberg who writes for The Atlantic, The New Yorker, and Bloomberg among other publications, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning is that the Obama administration's efforts of threatening military force and imposing economic sanctions have been successful in making Iran take the US seriously.","questions":"How has the Obama administration's approach affected Iran's perception of the United States?","answer":"Seriously"}
{"text":["And in most car journeys, he'd be playing me music and reciting poetry. So it was really extraordinary being a daughter of such a man.","Rebecca, I mentioned earlier how I grew up in a very religious family. I don't go to church that much anymore. Actually, I don't go at all. So I'm wondering, for you, where is your faith now?Do you still have it?","No one's asked me that question (laughter). I would say that one of the things I expected from this book was that it would lay some ghosts for me, and I think it has. I still cannot open the Bible without hearing the sound of those men using scriptures almost like rapiers with each other. They knew the Bible inside out, so they would use one scripture to trump another. And it was all men locking horns, you know. So it's hard for me not to see the Bible full of words that have been used for warfare, if you like.","And yeah, I've been surprised at the effect on me of writing the book and also of the many, many people who have written to me, ex-Brethren - I would say 70 or 80 by now - beautiful letters from elderly people writing to me to say, the Brethren was a terrible thing. We all lived through it - and telling me their stories but saying, I came to find a kinder God and kinder Christians outside. And I've been really moved by how much people have wanted me to know about their kinder God."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implication of the statement is that the Bible has been used for power struggles and arguments between men.","questions":"Which book does the speaker mention being unable to open without hearing the sound of men using scriptures as rapiers?","answer":"Bible"}
{"text":["So Iran, I think, is going to respond to what it sees as its advantage. If the Trump administration were prepared to say we're going to remove a good part of the sanctions on Iran if you will sit down at the table, I think Iran would probably take that very seriously. The Trump administration, because of its opposition to the nuclear deal, created a crisis that really wasn't necessary.","And it could get worse. There is a real chance of misperception and misunderstanding that leads to military conflict. And I think this is something that nobody wants.","That's Gary Sick. He's a senior research scholar at Columbia University's Middle East Institute. Mr.  Sick, thank you so much for talking to us.","It was a pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : If the Trump administration offers to remove some of the sanctions on Iran, Iran would be willing to negotiate.","questions":"Which university is Gary Sick affiliated with?","answer":"Columbia"}
{"text":["Correct. It was one of the first ones to come out like that, and so I had no idea it was different from any other game. I just thought it was another game. And he, within three months of playing it, he started - it started affecting his real life negatively. He lost his job. He got evicted from his apartment. By the way, he was 20 years old when he started playing this, so he was an adult. But very quickly it showed negative effects. His personality changed. He started becoming a different person. He became withdrawn, antisocial, depressed. His focus became gaming, and he no longer was concerned about his real life or his future.","When you think about your son, do you think that there were other underlying issues, whether it was depression or some other condition, that caused him to be susceptible to this?I mean, how do you balance that thought out?","I agree with that 100 percent. He had ADD, and from my experience, since 2002, probably 99 percent of the gamers that we've talked to who have problems with gaming have ADD. It seems to make them more susceptible.","Attention deficit."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People with ADD are more susceptible to gaming addiction.","questions":"What condition makes individuals more susceptible to gaming addiction?","answer":"ADD"}
{"text":["Unlike other more indigenous groups to Afghanistan - like the Taliban, which generally tries not to kill civilians, at least as much as possible - ISIS in Afghanistan has done exactly the opposite. Much like their brethren in Iraq and Syria, anybody is game.","How big a threat are they?Have they eclipsed the Taliban?","Well, I think one has to put ISIS in Afghanistan into perspective. They are not a populist movement. They don't have a large support base either among Afghans or a large number of fighters. U. S.  estimates are down in the 2-to-3,000 realm, which is an order of magnitude lower than the Taliban. But what they're willing to do is to conduct high-profile attacks against Afghan and international targets in cities like Jalalabad and Kabul. And that makes them certainly a threat, but it doesn't make them a threat to overthrow the Kabul regime.","Is there coordination between the Taliban, or are they rivals?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : ISIS in Afghanistan kills civilians unlike the Taliban","questions":"Which group tries to avoid killing civilians?","answer":"Taliban"}
{"text":["You have to remember that this issue of sexual abuse has almost been, you know, an unspoken thing in British society. And really we don't have many tools for it. There are no public information campaigns, sex education is pretty poor, we don't have the tools available. We probably can't arrest our way out of this problem as one, you know, expert told me. We just have refused as a society to take it seriously, and we're surprised because when we look, we find.","Recognizing that there's a sanctified legal process that has to proceed, has anyone been disciplined for what sounds like pretty gross abuse and neglect?","No. And that is a big problem. The Council officials are saying there's not enough evidence or there's not a finger of blame being pointed at any individuals and no individual should resign - its collective. I mean, this is part of the problem of this process is that we don't actually have anybody taking the fall, taking the rap. And, you know, they've put themselves in positions where they're not liable to know the facts. The consequences of that just build up through the years. But you started off with 90 kids in this situation, you ended up with 1,400 kids being left to, you know, the worst kind of abuse.","Randeep Ramesh, who is social affairs editor for The Guardian newspaper. Thanks very much for speaking with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"No individual should resign - it's collective\" - The turn means that the problem lies with the collective system, and no one individual can be solely held responsible. The literal meaning of the sentence would be that no one should resign from their position.","questions":"Which problem does the speaker suggest is part of the process and has consequences building up over the years?","answer":"Process"}
{"text":["(Laughter).",". . . To navigate these tricky moments where the relationship changes. And so, first of all, tell us about Nana. And what was your relationship like with her before your relationship had to change?","My relationship with her in my childhood was charmed and golden. She was indulgent. She bought me a record player when I was 3 and let me play anything I wanted, gave me ball gowns to dress in and ice cream. And it was lovely.","But Nana was no joke, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The statement implies that the relationship was from childhood but has now taken a new dimension.","questions":"How was PersonA's relationship with Nana before it changed?","answer":"Charmed"}
{"text":["Sarah M.  Broom grew up in a yellow house in New Orleans East, 10 minutes from the French Quarter, the youngest of 12 children. The house was bought by her mother in 1961 and grew into something more than the family's home. It became its hearth and its center. But like many places in New Orleans, the earth below it was already sinking years before Hurricane Katrina hit.","The ground was fragile. And of course, that fragility is the thing I picked up on as a child when we were playing hide-and-go-seek, when we were playing ball in the yard, you know, we came up with all of these stories about the danger of the ground. And that becomes the thing that, in a way, haunts me.","Sarah M.  Broom's debut book is called \"The Yellow House,\" and it's a memoir of a place that was hard in many ways but also indelible in the history of her family.","It was a house that I loved deeply, in fact. And I say that because I feel it's impossible to love any place, and to truly love it, to truly see it for what it is, without taking in all of its complexities and its nuances. And I also feel that way, by the way, about America, which I love deeply and am always interrogating, right?So the house created such complexity of emotion for me because it was the place my mother bought. And the house, at some point, really was in disrepair. It was falling down all around us. And even in those moments, my mother was always trying to fix it back up."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The home became where the family would all get together at and where they felt the most love.","questions":"How did the family feel about the home?","answer":"Loved"}
{"text":["I believe she lacks political will to get the job done, which is one of the reasons that the nurses are supporting Bernie Sanders. If our health isn't achievable, then what's she doing running for president?You don't give up on health. You can give up on a lot of things. And there's compromises to be made. But when it comes to the health of my children, of our families, of our communities, you don't give up on people.","You know, of course, that the math is against Senator Sanders becoming the Democratic candidate.","I - you know, I look at the things far beyond math. I look at the mass momentum, just like in sports. I mean, Bernie - you know, we look at sports teams. . .","Hillary Clinton has won, at the moment, I believe, something like 3 million votes more than Senator Sanders."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of turn 3 is that Bernie Sanders has gained popular support and this popular support should be taken into account rather than just looking at the math.","questions":"How does turn 2 relate to the argument for Bernie Sanders' candidacy?","answer":"momentum"}
{"text":["Habib Koite is one of Africa's most recognized musicians. His music blends the diverse musical traditions of his homeland, Mali, with rock, blues and jazz. After a six-year absence from the recording studio, Koite and his band Bamada are back with a new CD, \"Afriki. \"","So, on this CD you have a very strong feeling about Africa, that it is not a place of just sorrow and hard times. How do you feel about the continent and the people of Africa?","Africa is a continent wanting to change something. You know, everybody have to think what to do to give best future for the Africa, give hope to the young in Africa. And African young can have hope in Africa and make something in Africa and believe in Africa.","You've seen so much of the world. But why don't you take us to your childhood in Mali. And it's a country I've always wanted to visit. I've never been there, but I love the musical traditions and the long history of it being a nation with a lot of learning. What was it like for you growing up, and when did you start playing music?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), Habib Koite talks about Africa as a continent that wants to change something and how everyone needs to think about giving the best future and hope to the young in Africa. The literal meaning of the turn is clear, but the implied meaning is that Habib Koite is advocating for a better future for Africa and its people, which is not explicitly stated in the turn.","questions":"How does Habib Koite feel about the future of Africa?","answer":"Advocating"}
{"text":["Pleasure to be here.","How was your lab affected by this?","Well, pretty severely. We lost the great majority of our mice. And I guess probably the clearest way I can put it is to say mice are very - are quite literally our partners in discovery. We really rely on them to inform us on pretty much every aspect of what we learn about how the brain functions.","I mean, I was trying to think about this, too, how - what the right analogy is. I mean, you don't - they're encoding data, as well, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The loss of mice was a great setback as they are vital for research purposes","questions":"How did the loss of mice affect the research?","answer":"Severely"}
{"text":["I think that they're at peace with it now. And we're at peace with each other. But that took - you know, that took a lot of time.","So we've already talked a bit about how the cello is this character in your life. And I want to talk about how it functions throughout this album. Let's listen to the song \"Poor Fake. \"","(Singing) Don't matter where you are, it'll catch right up to you. You can try to resist the feeling, set the canvas in my blues.","So cello, you know, it isn't an instrument I think of playing a huge role in pop songs. But it does play a huge role in this song and throughout other songs on the album."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The cello plays a significant role in the album.","questions":"How does the cello contribute to the album?","answer":"Contribute"}
{"text":["Well, the - there in every single state, and the data changes state by state, but in every single state, there is a huge disproportionality between the number of particularly African-Americans, but also Latino youths, who wind up in high-level facilities, as opposed to Caucasians youth who wind up in high-level facilities.","And by high level you mean the higher security, more. . .","I mean, higher - yes, more intensive, more secure facilities. Ironically, or maybe not so ironically, when you look at high - facilities that have a high-level of treatment, you'll see disproportionally white youth in the high-level of treatment facilities. But from the very first day, when we start with arrests, which I'm sure you're very familiar with, but moving on through the system, there is continuous and increased disproportionality.","That doesn't even deal with the real disproportionality in the system, between families that have assets, and the families that have fewer assets. So, youth in the juvenile justice system are primarily African-Americans and Latinos that are almost entirely low-income youth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is a racial disparity in the number of African-American and Latino youths in high-level juvenile facilities compared to Caucasian youths.","questions":"Which youths are primarily affected by racial disparity in the juvenile justice system?","answer":"African-American,Latino"}
{"text":["Well, what would that serious diplomacy look like?I mean, I - the United States would have to - what?- accept a. . .","It's a fair question, you know, why diplomacy would work now when it's failed in the past. I think that the breakout is a game-changer for the United States because we're directly - become directly vulnerable to North Korea. But it's also a game-changer for China because they'll either - they'll have to live with the strategic consequences of a breakout, which could - are unknown. South Korea could reassess its non-nuclear status.","So I think the conjunction of factors that we can bring China into play would have the goal of obtaining a nuclear - a freeze to lock in North Korea at its current level of capabilities. And for China - I think the conjunction of factors is that for China, they would retain their buffer in North Korea. And they would prevent these adverse strategic consequences. North Korea would maintain its minimum deterrent, and the regime would remain in power. For the United States, it would prevent this breakout, and it would offer us a not-great narrative. But we would say that this is an interim agreement toward the long-term goal of denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula.","Well Mr.  Litwak, in the minute we have left, can you really trust any - the process of reaching or signing any agreement with a regime like North Korea's?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : So I think the conjunction of factors that we can bring China into play would have the goal of obtaining a nuclear - a freeze to lock in North Korea at its current level of capabilities.\" - The implied meaning is that involving China in the situation could lead to an agreement that aims to prevent North Korea from further advancing its nuclear capabilities, essentially freezing its current level of capabilities.","questions":"Which word describes the goal of obtaining a freeze to lock in North Korea's current level of capabilities?","answer":"Freeze"}
{"text":["I was struck by a phrase in Chris Arnold's piece about the dollar being the bedrock currency for much of the world. Is that jeopardized?","Very much so. Treasury debt is the only risk-free asset in the world. It undergirds the world's financial system, it's in everybody money market's funds. You know, China, among many other countries, buys Treasury bills like crazy - over a trillion dollars. So, if you'd have to start factoring in risk, even if it's political risk, into our debt, you know, two things happen. The rest of the world becomes less enchanted with buying it, and our interest payments - what the government has to pay to issue that debt will rise substantially.","Can I get you to play out your scenario about what happens if October 17 comes and there's no agreement?","I don't think that much will happen on October 17th. I think there's a little wiggle room. What happens on October 17th is the government loses its borrowing authority and it can only pay out the cash it has on hand. However, if we got to the end of the month and the United States missed a bond payment, I believe that you would have an event that is three, four, five, six times worse than the Lehman Brothers of five years ago. Because the banks rely on treasuries to trade with each other overnight. That's how they fund themselves. And if you take away trust in the financial system or U. S.  debt, it will be cataclysmic. The banks will freeze up. There will be no borrowing. It'll be like Lehman. The stock market will go down. It has the potential to be a true out-and-out disaster."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Play out your scenario\" does not mean that someone is going to act out a script or a play. It means that someone is going to explain or describe a possible scenario or situation.","questions":"What phrase in Chris Arnold's piece caught PersonB's attention?","answer":"Phrase"}
{"text":["That's one of the projects, yeah, that I followed in the book. Can we build a limb that is basically indistinguishable from a natural arm?So if you're missing an arm, you get this new prosthetic that can sense and move and operate like a natural arm. And that's typically ambitious, and they call that DARPA-hard. Let's try something that just seems completely insane, totally, you know, crazy ambitious. And in that case, they didn't get there. They didn't quite get to that point, but they did get a lot of these technologies in motion for controlling a robot with mind power alone, for instance.","Yeah. How do they ensure that they keep getting new cutting-edge thoughts inside of DARPA?","That's one of the challenges, and that's one of the reasons I was able to write this book, too, because they need to get the word out. They need to find people out there who've got these ideas, who want to pitch them to DARPA. Or come to work for DARPA as a program manager because DARPA program managers, they all leave. After two to six years, they're gone. Their expiration dates are printed on their ID badges. So they've got this turnover, 25 percent every single year.","And they also have a deadline, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : DARPA needs to constantly recruit new talent and ideas to maintain innovation.","questions":"How does DARPPersonA maintain innovation?","answer":"recruit"}
{"text":["The advice I'd give to others is, do your homework, and don't be afraid to do it. The one rule I gave myself was, it's OK if you fail. And coming from a type-A legal background, you don't make any mistakes. But in business, you have to be flexible. So, I allowed myself the freedom to make those mistakes and grow from them.","Have there been any moments when being an African-American entrepreneur has either hurt you or at least given some food for thought?","I'll take the food for thought. I'm a member of the International Spa Association. That's a pretty high-end spa group. And that market's OK, but other trade shows I would do, people would walk up and they'd say, oh, is this a black skin-care company?And I'm thinking, well, everybody has skin, irrespective of who you are - because they see me there. Even though the woman on the cover, model is - she's kind of every woman. She's actually Filipino and German, but people can't tell her background. But when they see my face there, they assume it's a company just for African-American skin, which is not the case.","When you think about that aspect of marketing, do you think that black companies that market directly to African-Americans, just very briefly, have an advantage or disadvantage over businesses like yours?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It's important to take risks and learn from failure.","questions":"What was the one rule that the speaker gave themselves?","answer":"Failure"}
{"text":["So I pretty immediately - because I was done with school - packed my things up. I quit the job that I had and moved back to Philadelphia and basically spent the last six months with her. It was, you know, it's an around-the-clock job. It's very draining. And at the end of the day, the only thing I had time to write were basically one paragraph or sometimes a sentence - reflections. And I just started collecting them in this folder. And I didn't tend to do anything with them, but they all started to fit together in this large story.","I want to have you read from one of those vignettes, Page 31.","(Reading) I've often thought that being a light-skinned black woman is like being a well-dressed person who is also homeless. You may be able to pass in mainstream society, appearing acceptable to others, even desired. But in reality, you have nowhere to rest, nowhere to feel safe. Even while you're out in public feeling, fine and free, inside, you cannot shake the feeling of rootlessness. Others may even envy you, but this masks the fact that at night, there is nowhere safe for you, no place to call your own.","Tell me a little bit about what that passage means to you. What were you trying to say?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (Reading) I've often thought that being a light-skinned black woman is like being a well-dressed person who is also homeless. Implied meaning: A is describing the feeling of rootlessness that comes with being a light-skinned black woman, despite appearing acceptable to others in mainstream society.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the feeling of being a light-skinned black woman?","answer":"Homeless"}
{"text":["Well, I'm glad to have a job. I'll put it that way.","You know, that's a good thing.","Businesses and institutions have now shed jobs for the last 13 months in a row. Last month alone, we lost nearly 600,000 jobs. Nissan is the latest to announce big cuts. President Obama, Dr.  Malveaux, has warned of double digit unemployment rates. It seems like everytime I have you on the show we ask the same question. How high is unemployment going to go?","Well, the rate we're going it can get to double digit. The last time we've seen anything like that was in 1981 in the early Reagan years. And double digit unemployment is no joke, but Tony, many people believe that we have really already crossed the line. If you look at the most recent report from the Bureau of Labor statistics, they come up with these alternative measures. So, we know that the unemployment rate is 7. 6 percent. But then if you add people who are marginally attached, that's like people who are working part time, but want to work full time and people who are discouraged workers and have dropped out of the labor force, we get up to a number that's more like 14 percent, 13. 9 percent. So when we look at all the hidden unemployment, we're already well firmly into that double digit area."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A lot of people are out of work and jobs are getting harder to find.","questions":"What did the Bureau of Labor statistics reveal about the unemployment rate?","answer":"14"}
{"text":["Hey, how are you?","I'm well. So how big a deal is this for companies that - we now know Uber and Lyft are basically synonymous with app-based ride-sharing?","It's definitely something that they're fighting tooth and nail and hoping that they can avoid being called - calling their workforce employees at this point.","I mean, is it just about money for them - which, I guess, isn't insignificant. Uber hasn't exactly been making a profit."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Fighting tooth and nail is a figurative expression. Here it means they are doing what they can (fighting, but not physically) to avoid calling their workers employees.","questions":"How are Uber and Lyft fighting to avoid calling their workers employees?","answer":"Figuratively"}
{"text":["Yes. Everywhere we looked, we found these networks using very, very similar tactics. And often, not - they're different from what I think we have seen in the U. S.  elections where Russian operatives set up groups for a very long time. And also, like, in European countries, we saw those groups operating for years, sometimes starting as a lifestyle page or a movie page, and then slowly, but surely, shifting to becoming a far-right page. That is a clear, deceptive tactic to pull in more and more people into their stories.","And this disinformation that you were finding - it tended to skew to the far-right, or were people on the far-left - were there other groups skewing it in different directions?","Yes. So we started looking at what actual disinformation is spreading and looked who's spreading is. And time and again, we went down a rabbit hole to the far-right. But in Italy, for example, we also found a lot of populist, but they're not far-right parties. So it was not only far-right, but mainly far-right - what we found in our research.","And you said you went down the rabbit hole of who was creating this. Just speak a little bit more about that. Was this official groups, random individuals - or can you even tell?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Far-right parties were the main spreaders of disinformation.","questions":"What type of parties were mainly spreading disinformation?","answer":"Far-right"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. That's the thing about everything in life, kind of, is that you kind of have to try certain things out to figure out what you want. So it's like you should always be able to have that moment of, like, figuring out who you are by using a bunch of different things that you've heard already. And then instead of still doing that for your whole career, which I think some people do, you have to take that and, like, digest it and then come out with something that's everything combined. And it's your own thing.","(Singing) Where did you go?I should know. But it's cold. And I don't want to be lonely. So show me the way home. I can't lose another life.","I get that sense of being real is something deeply important.","It's very important for me. I just feel uncomfortable having things be disingenuous. Like, I just have a big thing about honesty and, like, real. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is not literally talking about honesty and being real but rather expressing their discomfort with situations that feel inauthentic.","questions":"What is the PersonA's big thing?","answer":"Honesty"}
{"text":["Yeah, it looks absolutely beautiful.","'Cause I've seen this painting - it's enormous. (Laughter) And I'm trying to picture, A, what that's like for people and, B, why you thought it was important for the public to see it as it was happening.","Well, I think there's two factors. And one is that the painting is - it's very large. So you know, removing it from the galleries would also present a certain amount of risk. And the other thing is that it's not really possible at this time to say how long the research or the treatment will actually take. All in all, this is really the best possible scenario to actually treat it in the galleries, where it can be followed by the public. I think the public actually find it fascinating to look behind the scenes.","I'm sure you couldn't have imagined that the painting would have been attacked with a bread knife, and you're doing quite the operation here. So what are some of the challenges and obstacles that, you know, are making you guys nervous?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : behind the scenes - to see the inner workings of things","questions":"What is one reason why the painting is being treated in the galleries?","answer":"fascinating"}
{"text":["Exactly. Well, they, you know, they have a head start in knowing at least that they're meant to be living in the nervous system, which means that there's a little bit of built-in safety and stability that may not quite exist in cells. They can become and kind cell to.","And how long are they effective for in the life of the mice they're injected into?","Well, in the mice that we've looked at, they were effective throughout the lifespan of the animal. So they were present, having their action and, you know, ultimately the animals do die. But it raises the question of, well, what about if we re-dose the animals?Would we have an even longer effect?Would we increase even the area that the stem cells were able to engraft in?Would we have a better effect?You know, that is where the investigations now need to go.","All right. Dr.  Snyder, thank you for taking time to be with is today and happy holiday to you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Stem cells are more stable and safe than cells but can become any cell type","questions":"What is one advantage of stem cells over cells?","answer":"Stem"}
{"text":["Oh, my God.","And so I heard that, I'm like that's what this novel is supposed to be about. Basically, I worked on it for about three years.","In this 40th year anniversary, isn't it, of the fall of Saigon. . .","It is."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In this turn, the speaker is not actually stating that they heard something and then made a decision based on that information. Instead, they are using the phrase \"I'm like\" to express their thought process, which is a common colloquialism. The actual meaning of this turn is that the speaker had an idea for a novel based on something they heard, and they spent three years working on it.","questions":"What did the speaker work on for three years?","answer":"Novel"}
{"text":["Well, you know, this is having a lot of different effects. So you know, some of the students have been expelled. Their admissions have been revoked. Some of the coaches have been fired. They face charges - athletic coaches who were involved in misrepresenting people as being recruits. And of course the legal cases are going to continue to unfold.","But I'm also interested in how it's unfolding in the broader culture at large. You know, whether you look at things like - we had a big debate last year about Harvard and affirmative action. And these conversations about things like legacy admissions are really bringing us to a broader conversation about, what do these elite colleges really offer?You know, the fact that they have nonprofit status - are they really serving the public, or are they just acting in a way that's really inflating their own bottom line and their own brands?","And so I think there's a broader conversation about, are there better ways to have admissions?And can we define excellence in education some other way other than, you know, something that's really expensive and only lets in about 5 percent of people who get to apply?","And for all that conversation, just in our last 30 seconds or so, do you see signs of systemic change coming?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The underlying implications are that elite colleges are more concerned about their own bottom line and reputation than actually providing access to higher education for all.","questions":"What is the conversation about in turn 2?","answer":"Access"}
{"text":["Yeah. You know, it's a great question. I think that the core of the problem is that they say that they pursue these weapons out of insecurity. So the logical thing is can the world provide them some sort of security?And in past agreements that I have participated in, we provided them security guarantees and offered to negotiate a peace treaty with them. The problem is I think the security - insecurity that they feel is generated by the regime itself. You know, these sorts of totalitarian regimes never feel secure. And that's the core problem.","Because there's mass starvation. There's mass poverty. There's mass oppression.","Right. And that they - all those things, and that they don't rule by the consent of the legitimacy of the people. And that's the basic problem.","Yeah. China has a role in this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"The problem is I think the security - insecurity that they feel is generated by the regime itself.\"  In this turn, the actual meaning goes beyond the literal meaning of the words. The speaker is implying that the regime intentionally creates an atmosphere of insecurity in order to maintain control over its population.","questions":"Which atmosphere does the regime intentionally create?","answer":"Insecurity"}
{"text":["OK.  And I understand that you co-authored a paper that looks at all the carbon emissions we're already committed to. Can you explain what all of that includes?","Sure. The idea was pretty simple. It started out as a thought experiment that if we never built another power plant or car or anything that burns a fossil fuel and, instead, we allowed all the ones that are out there in the world to retire according to their normal expected lifetime, how much CO2 would all of those already existing things add to the atmosphere?","And so what we did was set about collecting data on all of those different devices - power plants, cars, factories - and tried to figure out how old they were and how much CO2 they would produce. And when we did all those calculations. . .","Yeah?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The amount of CO2 that already existing things add to the atmosphere is significant.","questions":"Which calculation did the researchers perform?","answer":"CO2calculations"}
{"text":["Voice of America - they wanted to know what was going on; the events on Tiananmen. And there was one chilling story that I remember. Chinese television rebroadcast an interview from American TV. A demonstrator called Chinese leaders killers, and then the scene froze, and a telephone number flashed on the screen with a text urging people to turn this guy in.","Wow.","And within hours, the guy was arrested. And we could see him being taken into a police station.","With such fear in Beijing, how were you able to report the story?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Chinese government actively sought to identify and punish protesters.","questions":"What did the Chinese government do to protesters?","answer":"Identify"}
{"text":["The Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi continues to oppose proceeding with impeachment, and there's no law that says she has to go forward if a majority of her caucus wants it. And something that you do hear in the nuance of these statements from members of the House is they're not putting a lot of pressure on the speaker. They're not vocally opposing her strategy, going after her. They're saying this is where they are personally, and, in fact, she's given them permission to do so. But they're not saying, you know, the leadership is wrong, and we've got to push this through. So there is some patience, I think, that allows the speaker to continue to move the process forward.","So she is still the engineer.","She is. I. . .","But not necessarily plotting the course. I told you this analogy would be hard to take.","(Laughter) Well, she has very firm control over the caucus of House Democrats. And, so far, they have deferred to her, even if they differ with her on where this train, as you put it, is likely to end up."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : House Democrats have been deferring to Pelosi's leadership despite some disagreement","questions":"Which party defers to Pelosi's leadership despite some disagreement?","answer":"House"}
{"text":["We've only just begun to look at this, right?So we've only used one kind of treatment of 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness. And we've only looked at cabbage so far. And under our experimental conditions, we find that these chemicals accumulate most in the day, it may be midday, and they go down at night. And there's about a two-fold difference.","Wow.","But much more would need to be done to know really when the best time of day would be to eat different kinds of vegetables.","OK. So you started with cabbage. Are there any other veggies that look enticing, so to speak, for you to study or sort of similar to a cabbage cycle?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : you don't really know that much about this.","questions":"What is the conclusion of turn 2?","answer":"research"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Well, what was the reasoning by Judge T. S. Ellis?","Well, Ellis made clear in his sentencing that Manafort's crimes are serious. He wanted to spell that out clearly. We're talking about tax fraud, failing to disclose a foreign bank account and bank fraud. The tax fraud, in particular, Ellis said is basically stealing from every American who pays taxes. That's a serious crime.","But Ellis also said that, you know, you take all sorts of factors into consideration when coming up with a sentence - general deterrence, you look at the entirety of a defendant's life. And he said, in Manafort's case, he's a first-time offender. Otherwise, blameless life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Otherwise, blameless life.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is a statement about Manafort's past behavior, but its actual meaning is to mitigate his crimes and argue for a more lenient sentence.","questions":"How did the turn \"Otherwise, blameless life\" affect Manafort's sentencing?","answer":"Mitigate"}
{"text":["Correct.","Yeah. So we'll have to wait to see how that happens. Thank you very much, doctor, and good luck to you.","Well, I'm delighted to be with you and your audience. Thank you very much.","You're welcome. Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa is professor of neurosurgery and oncology, director of the Brain Tumor Stem Cell Lab at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : good luck to you means you hope they do well ","questions":"Which lab does Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa direct?","answer":"good"}
{"text":["I was only able to speak with them very briefly. I did ask the mother - I said, where are you from?And she said, we're from Honduras. And I said, well, how long have you been traveling to get to this place right now?And she looked at me and said, we've been on the road for a month. And I knew at that moment that this point in their journey, which was very emotional for me to see them being detained, for them was just part of a very, very long journey.","You're an award-winning photographer, and you've covered war and chaos. And I should mention that we're friends because we often covered the same things in the Middle East and Latin America. And you've been taking pictures at the border for the last decade. What did you see this past week more broadly?","Having covered this story for the last 10 years, I've seen a lot along the way. But in this case, this last week, it was different because I knew that what happened after these pictures were taken was going to be something very different. Most of us here had heard the news that the administration had planned to separate families. And these people really had no idea about this news. And it was hard to take these pictures, knowing what was coming next.","Yeah. This took a toll on you. You spoke about that in the Getty Images blog."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It made the person feel sadness and it was hard for them to see.","questions":"Which emotion?","answer":"journey"}
{"text":["Let's turn now to the Bahamas and specifically the northern parts of the Bahamas, where reports are coming in of extensive, unprecedented damage. We have been trying to get through all day with no luck. Phone service is mostly out. The Red Cross is there on the ground, and I want to bring in Steve McAndrew of the Red Cross. He is monitoring the situation from Panama.","Mr.  McAndrew, welcome.","Thank you for having me.","Now, have you been able to get through to your teams in the Bahamas?What are you hearing?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The host is thanking the guest for coming.","questions":"Which statement shows that the guest is affiliated with the Red Cross?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["Very much this was an aftershock to the departure of Steve Bannon, who was the president's chief strategist. He's the guy who brought Seb Gorka in. Gorka was not a household name, at least not in most households. And he was part of the contingent in the White House associated with this America first attitude, a kind of ultra-nationalism. And that faction, at this point, is down. But as we saw with the pardon of Sheriff Arpaio, that faction is not yet out.","More missiles out of North Korea were launched last night - fell in the sea. North Korea had not so much other news broken overnight. This might have been our lead story. Does President Trump, after this week, have the confidence in Congress and in other quarters of opinion, to lead the country on this and other issues?","You know, that depends on whom you ask. There are certainly those people who will express total confidence in the president, those who have probably never had any at all. But the team around the president, the three generals - so we are increasingly talking about John Kelly, James Mattis, H. R. McMaster - that team tends to boost confidence on military matters.","Ron Elving, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"Does President Trump, after this week, have the confidence in Congress and in other quarters of opinion, to lead the country on this and other issues?\" ","questions":"What was the topic that PersonB asked if President Trump had the confidence to lead the country on?","answer":"Leadership"}
{"text":["The field is shrinking. That's the first thing that's happened. There are going to be 10 candidates and only 10. And for the first time, you're going to see the top three candidates standing next to each other in the center stage. That's Joe Biden, who's been leading the polls, Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders. And what most people are waiting to see is if there will be a Warren-Biden clash.","OK. So of those three candidates you just named, Joe Biden remains still at the top of the Democratic field. But he hasn't had really great debate performances. So the one question I have is, how much do debates really matter to the campaign?","You know, you can make an argument that the debates really haven't mattered much because look at Joe Biden. He's still on top of the field even though he has not had a good performance in the debates. Elizabeth Warren has moved up steadily, but not because of anything she did in the debates. It's because she's had all these plans, and she's performed well on the campaign trail. But in one sense, the debates are having an impact, and it's a negative one because the overall image of the Democrats and their policy ideas has gotten more negative among the general electorate as this debate season has gone on.","Interesting. The debates have not been great PR for the Democratic Party. Well, Elizabeth Warren has been gaining support the past few months. She's going to be facing Joe Biden onstage for the first time. What do you think her hardest challenges are going to be onstage?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : it is a metaphorical field, it just means there are not as many candidates running for the election as there was in the past because some decided not to continue running","questions":"How did the field shrink?","answer":"Metaphorically"}
{"text":["So two days ago, we were notified by our sheriffs, the Palm Beach County sheriff, through the Broward County sheriff. I believe they were notified by Border Patrol that 135 people will be sent each week to Broward County and Palm Beach County. The sheriffs then turned and notified myself as mayor of the county. And with that notification came no instructions on sheltering these people, feeding these people, housing these people, determining the health of anybody. Just, here's 135 people coming every week. Good luck. That's basically what the message has been.","What was your initial reaction to that?","Pretty much disbelief. Normally, when anything happens like this, the federal government contacts the state government, the state government then will contact the local county government, like us. In this situation, no protocol. There's been nothing communicated in those channels. We've contacted the governor's office. They have no idea. We contacted our U. S. Senators Scott and Rubio. They had no idea. We contacted our congresspeople. Nobody was informed by the Trump administration about any of this.","And did you get the sense that this is a done deal - this was not, like, a draft plan or a trial balloon?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : I think \"trial balloon\" refers to an event being on a provisional basis to see what effects it will have.","questions":"Which term did PersonB use to ask if the event was on a provisional basis?","answer":"Trial."}
{"text":["Ebola has now spread to the largest city in eastern Congo, Goma, where at least three cases have been confirmed. Today marks exactly one year since the outbreak was declared in Congo. And so far, more than 1,800 people have died. This makes it the second deadliest Ebola outbreak in history.","NPR's Eyder Peralta has been following this story. He joins us now from his base in Nairobi. Nader, I want to start with just the significance of these cases in Goma.","Yeah, I mean, what it tells us is that this outbreak is still not contained. And it also tells us that some of the mechanisms that should be in place to contain Ebola still have some problems. Health authorities tell us that the latest case in Goma involves a minor. Authorities believe he was infected when he traveled hundreds of miles back home on a motorcycle. And he started having symptoms shortly after he got back to Goma on July 22. And he sought health care several times. But his case didn't raise alarm until July 29. That's seven days later. That means he had a chance to have contact with a lot of people. And he had a large family. He had 10 kids.","And now we've gotten word that his 1-year-old daughter has tested positive. As health authorities put it, there is now an active transmission chain in Goma. And they are fully expecting more new infections."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : to get word on something means that you were told something by someone","questions":"What does the term \"get\" imply in turn 3?","answer":"tell"}
{"text":["They were still very poor. She still was saddled with this really enormous burden of caring for a child who's both extremely physically disabled and HIV positive, and I think she really struggled with - you know, she wanted to live, and she still is doing very well, but she also - she had these demons that kept pursuing her, I think.","You have a really interesting section where you talk about basically ethical decisions that reporters have to make. And, in essence, you say reporters, most reporters, wouldn't think anything of taking a government minister out for a fancy dinner, but they wouldn't buy mealy-meal and vegetables for a poor family. And yet they're extracting the same, if not more, amounts of information from the poor family as from the government minister.","You made a decision in some of these cases to really try to help the family. How did you make that decision?","Well, I mean, I think I realized from the very beginning when I was starting the process of doing research for this book that I wasn't going to be able to maintain a completely objective journalistic stance, you know, if the idea was to go back again and again over a long period. And you know, one of the advantages of writing a book as opposed to a newspaper article or something shorter is that you do have the luxury of being able to explain that relationship to the readers."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the phrase \"taking a government minister out for a fancy dinner\" and \"buy mealy-meal and vegetables for a poor family\" are not meant to be taken literally. Instead, they represent the difference in treatment and priorities that reporters have towards those in positions of power versus those who are marginalized or disadvantaged.","questions":"How do the phrases \"taking a government minister out for a fancy dinner\" and \"buy mealy-meal and vegetables for a poor family\" represent the difference in treatment and priorities that reporters have towards different groups of people? (Answer: Symbolically)","answer":"Symbolically"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . \"Giant Steps\" is more like leaning forward in the passenger seat of a speeding racecar, (laughter) you know?","All right. Let's listen to another good album from 1959. This is \"Take Five\" from Dave Brubeck, his album \"Time Out. \"","If \"Kind Of Blue\" is sitting in an armchair with a martini or a cocktail, this - speaking of vices - feels like smoking in an alley to me.","(Laughter) And so much of that attitude comes from the sound of the alto saxophonist, Paul Desmond, who - actually, his tone was once described by a jazz critic in terms of a dry martini."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Paul Desmond's saxophone tone is crisp and sophisticated like a dry martini","questions":"Which jazz critic described Paul Desmond's saxophone tone as a type of drink?","answer":"Jazz"}
{"text":["The Trump administration - or at least the president - have indicated previously they don't share this conclusion. Saudi Embassy says the claims and the purported assessment are false. Now, let's note - President Trump has often criticized the U. S.  intelligence establishment, saying they're not right on Russia. Oh, yeah. They were the ones who said Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.","We have to ask, is there any indication in this CIA report, which has sources inside, that this is some kind of attempt by what the president's supporters call the deep state to bring him into line?","No, I don't think so. I mean, the CIA - you know, for all of the ways that the president somehow misunderstands how they operate - is looking at this situation objectively. And, yes, to some degree, they are factoring in subjective judgments about how people behave, like the crown prince. But this is not an attempt, I think, to, you know, bring the crown prince to heel or to somehow influence policy.","And we should note, too, the president, I mean, has been briefed on the CIA's findings. And what we understand is that he keeps resisting them because he doesn't have, I guess, the smoking gun. He keeps asking, well, where's the body?Or, show me the definitive proof that Mohammed bin Salman ordered this. And, you know, it doesn't always work that way."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement implies that President Trump has a history of not trusting U.S. intelligence agencies, which may affect his response to the CIA report on the killing of Jamal Khashoggi.","questions":"How might President Trump's past criticisms of U.S. intelligence agencies impact his response to the CIPersonA report on Jamal Khashoggi's killing?","answer":"impact"}
{"text":["But it feels more than a tribute to a great man. It's more about the nature of friendship and how you navigate fundamental differences with people that you care about.","Yeah. What we had that we loved together so much, you know, the things that we shared, the loves that we shared, you know, for literature and for sports other than basketball. But, you know, he was an English teacher. I was an English major. So we had that, and that was a tremendous bond. And it enabled him to reach into my life and for me to have insight into his life.","You write in this book though - and I'm quoting here - \"he didn't quite understand that when you are black in America, everything is about race. \"You got to know him at a time when the civil rights movement was underway. You were finding your voice on race, but he disappointed you on that issue along the way at times.","Well, I don't think coach disappointed me so much as sometimes he didn't understand how race could affect somebody. And he didn't see that until he was with me, and we went through incidents where he saw that geez, he wouldn't like to have experienced that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the nature of friendship and how you navigate fundamental differences with people\" is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as a metaphorical way of describing the dynamics of a complex relationship.","questions":"What is the metaphorical meaning of \"the nature of friendship and how you navigate fundamental differences with people\" in turn 0?","answer":"metaphorical"}
{"text":["But so yeah, so toilet seats and pillowcases are very, very similar. We tend to find more species associated with our mouths on pillowcases and more species associated with feces, with gut microbes, on toilet seats. But in any given house we might or might not be able to distinguish those two. And in general, you know, these places that we sit, that we lay down, they sort of fill with species that fall off of us, you know, biased in one way or another toward a specific part of our body.","But it's kind of this mark we leave on the world everywhere we go, and presumably it's the same on planes, it's the same in our cars.","It sounds like our dogs leave a mark, too.","Yeah, so one of the really interesting things for us was to try to figure out what explains why your house is different from my house, why any house is different from any other house. And there are lots of things that you can imagine might be important, you know, the size of your house, your air conditioner, the number of people in your house, whether you're a vegetarian."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Toilet seats and pillowcases have more microbes than we think.","questions":"What household items are compared in terms of microbe count in the dialogue?","answer":"Toiletseats"}
{"text":["So what do these numbers here in Southern California, what does that mean for the rest of the country?","You know the other kind of metro coastal areas are following a pretty similar pattern. But you know places like Charlotte, North Carolina haven't - places that haven't had the kind of run up that we had in the hot spots probably aren't seeing as large declines because they don't have this part of fall. But the real sort of disaster areas are California and Nevada, Arizona, Florida. You know, New York City has had great appreciation and hasn't seen the large declines now. So that sort of the one the economists are watching next to see, you know, if New York's bubble is - which is sort of been slowly deflating is really going to have a big burst at some point.","Foreclosure seems to be playing a big role in all of this. A new study came out yesterday from the company Realty Track showing that across the country fewer Americans are thinking about buying a foreclosed home. So what might be the effect of this?","Here in southern California people are buying foreclosed homes, especially ones that are sort of decent quality.","I understand that you are currently speaking to us from a home that was foreclosed on. Can you tell us a little about your situation there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The economists are watching New York City next to see if its bubble will burst.","questions":"What city are economists watching to see if its bubble will burst?","answer":"New-York"}
{"text":["You know what really stands out for me in your book most of all?","Uh-oh.","You love your daughter. You love your grandson. And you love working.","I adore working. I am so - do you know how lucky I am?At this age, I have \"Fashion Police. \"I have an Internet show \"In Bed With Joan. \"And I just started something now called \"Drunken Celebrity Phone Calls. \"It's incredible."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) - Implied meaning: I am very grateful for the opportunities I have been given at my age.","questions":"Which feeling does PersonA express about their current position?","answer":"Position"}
{"text":["Great to be here.","Could you take us back to that moment - 1947, I guess; the Hotel Pennsylvania in Manhattan; and Edwin Land wheels in this mahogany-clad contraption.","That's right. At the very first demonstration, it was at a meeting of a big optical society; and he brought in one of those big-view cameras - the kind you see in pictures from the 19th century; you know, the big wooden thing with a cloth over the head. And they had installed a special back on it, to take prototype instant film. And as the story goes, he pulls a sheet of film out of his camera; and he puts it through a little pair of rollers, to develop it; and 50 seconds later, he peels it off and reveals his own face. And in fact, because they. . .","I feel like I should go (gasps)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"How did PersonB react to the story told by A?","answer":"Gasps"}
{"text":["Immigrants from so many impoverished and deadly places made America rich in all ways. They built America's great cities and industries, factories and schools. They made the American dream come alive in the world. As Margaret Thatcher observed from across the ocean, Europe was created by history. America was created by philosophy. The immigrants who arrive today from Haiti, El Salvador, Somalia, Sudan, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Ghana and a hundred other places keep that dream going with their own lives.","The president's choice of language demands attention and has been denounced around the world, including by members of his own political party. But remove that one ugly sensational word from his remarks and what remains might be no less profane. When you slur and insult people from countries who have helped make America, America is smeared, too.","(Singing) If I go away, I want you to pray not for me, for the souls who have gone away before.","Leyla McCalla singing \"A Day For The Hunter, A Day For The Prey. \""],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) The actual meaning of this phrase is to remember those people who have died, not to pray for the singer. ","questions":"What is the actual meaning of the phrase mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Remember"}
{"text":["(Laughter).",". . . I like that. Mannish is good.","It smelled mannish.","And then a day later, General Eisenhower gave the go-ahead."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B finds something amusing or funny, but it's not clear what","questions":"Which word describes PersonB's reaction to something in the conversation?","answer":"Like"}
{"text":["I think it's a story that can stick with you for many different reasons. If you leave a film, if you put down a book, and there is something that you didn't know before or something that has informed you about the world you live in that you care about but you didn't know before - if you can walk away from any kind of story with that, I think that's the goal of storytelling. I believe this is a film that does that.","And so that's what I love about this film - is it really has moved people. And it's become more, I think, socially important today than it was when we made it. There's been a lot more attention being given to Indigenous and Native American people within our country since we made the film. And there is also this whole epidemic that every day, we're learning more about men in power and sexual assault. And those are what this film is about in a very specific story.","Elizabeth Olson, speaking with us from Atlanta. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is \"Thank you for speaking with us from Atlanta.\"  The actual meaning is \"Thank you for your time and input.\"  ","questions":"Which word describes the actual meaning of turn 2?","answer":"Input"}
{"text":["Well, you know, we had lots of time to prepare the movie, so we knew what we wanted to do. But then, you know, in a very pragmatic way, I am with the actors, and he is with the cinematographer. And most of the time, it's very fine. But sometimes - like, I don't agree with the one framing, and he does not agree with some direction of acting. And then we start yelling at each other, and it's really bad. And then, you know, we are so angry that, you know - like, we pray God that the other one will - dies. And then we sleep, and then that is the day after. And then we are friends again.","Well, let me ask you about working with actors because unlike your graphic novels - when you can move people around - the actor shines through.","Absolutely.","And does that change?Is that a little frustrating for the creator of the material?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In (2), B asks about working with actors and acknowledges that the actor's performance is distinct from the creator's vision in graphic novels. The literal meaning of the words is straightforward and does not imply any additional or hidden meanings. However, the implied meaning is that B is curious about the challenges A faces in collaborating with actors, and whether A finds it frustrating to work with actors who have their own interpretation of the material.","questions":"Which word does PersonB use to acknowledge the distinction between the actor's performance and the creator's vision in graphic novels in (1)?","answer":"Acknowledge"}
{"text":["Another effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act gained steam last night. A federal judge in Texas ruled that the law is unconstitutional. We're joined now by NPR's health policy correspondent, Alison Kodjak. Alison, thanks so much for coming in.","Thanks for having me, Scott.","This decision was received last night. What's it say?","Well, it's a pretty sweeping decision, actually. This judge ruled that the entire Affordable Care Act, which famously ran more than a thousand pages long, was unconstitutional. The case was brought by 18 Republican attorneys general, and it was led by Texas AG Ken Paxton."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The judge ruled that the entire Affordable Care Act is unconstitutional","questions":"Which law did the judge rule as unconstitutional?","answer":"AffordableCareAct"}
{"text":["They have indeed. They've been subject to very serious, tough sanctions in the past not just from the United States but from the entire international community. That's involved restrictions on their energy sector, their banking sector and an array of other economic sectors.","How have they gotten around them?","Well, in some instances, they haven't been able to. So during the period of most intensive, multilateral sanctions on Iran - this is 2012 to 2015 - they had great difficulty evading sanctions. It happened here and there, certainly when it came to sales of oil, certain cargoes or bartering - financial bartering - some smuggling activities. But the fear now is that, in an instance where there's unilateral sanctions on Iran, it may have ample opportunity to cheat and evade these sanctions.","Unilateral meaning, of course, just the United States. So it'll be tougher for the sanctions to have any effect if, for example, China or Russia and, let's say, Germany don't go along.","Right, exactly. So right now the European Union, in general, and the E3, in particular, have - that being the United Kingdom, France and Germany - have expressed an interest in maintaining their commitment to the deal. And that means continuing to give Iran economic relief promised to it under the deal. That means potentially violating U. S.  sanctions or creating ways for European companies to not abide by U. S.  sanctions.","And how does the U. S.  respond, at least under this administration?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : European countries may violate US sanctions or find ways for their companies to not abide by them to maintain their commitment to the Iran deal.","questions":"Which countries have expressed an interest in maintaining their commitment to the Iran deal?","answer":"European"}
{"text":["Coastal Texas did have a couple of days to prepare for this storm. People were urged to leave the area. What's your estimation?Did many people take that advice and get out before Harvey hit?","Well, certainly some did. As I was driving in from Austin and San Antonio yesterday, you could see a fair number of cars, you know, going the other direction. So certainly, there were some people that evacuated. But here at the hotel that we're staying, there are hundreds of residents who are from Corpus Christi who decided to hunker it out and stay the night here. You know, there were no mandatory evacuations ordered for Corpus Christi.","Some are beginning to wonder, you know, was that the best plan of action?Had a mandatory evacuation been ordered, they would have had to evacuate the hospitals. And that, you know, picks up a whole series of logistical issues. So you know, as the Texas governor ordered yesterday, if you feel unsafe, if you feel unsecure then you should flee.","And Russell, what do you see for the next few hours and next few days about when conditions might improve and what people have to contend with?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) Did many people take that advice and get out before Harvey  hit?","questions":"Which direction were the cars going that the speaker saw while driving in from Austin and San Antonio?","answer":"Other"}
{"text":["I would say that those who have sought to make a story of this initially focused on the decision by Hunter Biden to take this lucrative deal. But starting late last year and really kind of earlier this year in March timeframe, Giuliani and his allies have been pushing allegations that Joe Biden when he was vice president used his office to put pressure on the Ukrainian president at the time to fire a prosecutor who they allege was investigating Hunter Biden and the company that had him on the board.","I looked very closely at this and spoke to officials who were involved in that. And I understand the first example of the questions about whether or not he should have taken this job in the first place. I think that is a legitimate topic to be discussed and suggests questionable judgment that was made by Hunter. But in the case of his father using his office to fire this prosecutor, what I found was to the contrary. That prosecutor was not investigating his son or the company and is merely claiming that he did in retrospect.","Does Hunter Biden still hold this position?","He resigned the position on the board earlier this summer and basically decided that it just wasn't worth the heat for himself and for his father."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : He resigned because the job was not worth all of the trouble that he and his father were going through.","questions":"What was the reason for Hunter Biden's resignation?","answer":"heat"}
{"text":["Right. No, you hit it right on. The - no glass is unbreakable, certainly, and when you strengthen the glass this much, there's tremendous compressive stress put in the surface of the glass. So when you do actually manage to break it, that kind of force, the energy that's stored in the glass causes it to shatter, like you say, pretty impressively.","So you make the glass itself in upstate New York there at Corning. And then you have to ship it to China for them to put it in the phones.","We make the glass. We don't make it here in Corning, New York, we make it in plants around the world. We have a plant in Kentucky and Taiwan and Japan. And yes, we make large sheets of this glass, and then we put it into crates, and then we ship it to companies called finishers, most of them are in China, and those are the companies that actually cut the glass into the pieces, drill holes, polish, et cetera, into the shapes of the parts that go onto the devices.","Why can't you - I'm sorry, why can't you make it the shape itself beforehand?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The glass is not unbreakable despite being strengthened.","questions":"Which property of the glass is mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Unbreakable"}
{"text":["So when you think about -particularly African-American neighborhoods you've got a lot of neighborhoods - and you know not just black neighborhoods where you'll see for sale signs. Sometimes now you are starting to see abandoned houses. We've even heard stories about how abandoned houses then produce crime, because people will base out of those houses. Is this going to really help people at the grassroots level?","It's going to help some people at the grassroots level. As with anything in the economy, it's going to take a long time or at least some months for the real fallout from this to be known. What it does mean in the immediate term is that some banks will be able to lend more money, again, because Fannie and Freddy is going to get a cash infusion from the government to continue their work of buying mortgages from the banks, and so that should ease up credit. It should also make it potentially a little bit easier and a little bit cheaper to borrow because banks- when they're not taking as much risk then they can lower some mortgage rates things like that.","I don't know that it's necessarily going to clean up any neighborhood where you've got people going into an abandoned house and free basing or selling drugs or, you know, abandoned houses, that sort of thing. I don't know that this move is going to have that immediate impact on the ground in neighborhoods that are already blighted.","What about at this upper level?What about what's happened in the stock markets and in the international communities?The ramifications of this?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Abandoned houses in African-American neighborhoods lead to crime","questions":"What kind of neighborhoods have abandoned houses that sometimes produce crime, according to PersonB in the dialogue?","answer":"African-American"}
{"text":["And, of course, we have humanitarian assistance programs on the ground providing lifesaving assistance to the thousands of people who are escaping, going into safety. The worry is, first of all, within Idlib itself, it's a governorate with 3 million people living. This is the area where many people had fled from throughout the country. So there's a displacement that is happening on the doorstep of Turkey with 3 million people inside. And it has, also, all the elements to create further regional destabilization should this escalation continue.","What we are calling for is a cessation of hostilities. There must be a peaceful way forward, a way which - a solution that does not involve residential areas being bombed, a solution that is not military and that - a solution that ensures the protection of the children, the women, the families, the civilians who are living in this area.","And there have also been strikes from the rebel side.","There have been strikes on both sides. There have been, also, victims on both sides. There's been civilians that then also have circulated from government areas, which have also been affected. And it's equally unacceptable to civilians on both sides to find themselves the victim of this conflict.","I gather the U. N.  has tried to protect civilians from attack by sharing information about the whereabouts of schools and hospitals with the government so they will know to steer clear. Has that not been successful?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The displacement is happening on the border of Turkey.","questions":"How many people are living in Idlib governorate?","answer":"3million"}
{"text":["The flu hits with the regularity of seasons. But it's hard to know when it will peak, and how it might spread. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention want to forecast yearly bouts of influenza the way that meteorologists predict storms. So they've set up a contest every two weeks through March, in which competing teams submit predictions for when the flu will peak and how intense it will be.","Mark Dredze is a professor of computer science at the Johns Hopkins University. He analyzes social media data, to try to learn about health trends. Professor Dredze, thanks so much for being with us.","I'm happy to be here.","So how do you use social media to make a prediction on a medical matter?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  implies a respectful and grateful invitation to Professor Dredge to join the show, while ","questions":"How did PersonB express gratitude towards Professor Dredze in turn 1?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["So I always tell people, look at your many choices. Don't close any doors. But the fact is that, you know, take your passion, take it as far as you can, but understand you've got to make a living, and you've got to pay the loan back.","What about people like you, who are college presidents?What challenges are you facing in trying to make sure that you can get a broad variety of students from different backgrounds?","Farai, you know, what keeps me up at night is the young women who want to be admitted but don't have the dollars, the young women who are students who are continuing, who are saying, I need more financial aid, the young women whose parents can't take out another loan. That literally keeps me up at night. If you see me again and I'm gray, that's what did it.","I mean literally. I mean, I wake up in the - you know, I wake up in the middle of the night and say, how can I find money for these young people?It is a challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Pursuing passion is important, but financial stability is also crucial.","questions":"How does the financial situation of potential students affect the college president?","answer":"broke"}
{"text":["Could you cite a single example of bias?","Sure. Andrew Weissman, the No. 2 member of the Mueller probe, attended the Hillary Clinton election night party. You would think with all the talented prosecutors to be asked throughout the federal system, we could likely assemble a team without having to pick the people who were engaged in the 2016 election to the extent that they would be at one of the candidates' election night parties.","Well, I mean - A, I don't know that; B, so he attended a party - I mean, public officials, like reporters - for example, I think in many ways, like representatives in Congress, who are supposed to be capable of independent and unbiased judgment when it comes to doing their jobs.","But members of Congress don't end up prosecuting people. And, you know, when you're dealing with a prosecution and potentially, you know, here, with the president the United States being investigated, I would think that you would want to avoid even the appearance of bias. And here, the bias seems to be significant. It's also laid out in the text messages between Peter Strzok and Lisa Page."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning is that bias should be avoided when dealing with a prosecution, and that the text messages between Strzok and Page demonstrate bias.","questions":"What was the potential target of the investigation mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"President"}
{"text":["He was an amazingly debonair guy. He was a man of society, as I came to figure out. He was a guy who attended functions at The Plaza for the Soldiers, Sailors, Marine Corps and Airmen's Association, the Petroushka Ball at the Waldorf, the Russian Nobility Ball, the Viennese Waltz Ball - all of these crazy events that, frankly, I had never heard of, but he was - had long-standing involvement with.","And he - this was his life.","This was his life. He was the organizer of these things. He would orchestrate table settings. He was the man at the door who would greet everybody. You know, he actually invited my wife and I to one of these events one time. It was one at The Plaza. And there stood Alan, right behind the reception table as you walked in: tuxedo, tails, you know, medals on his chest. He had served in the Air Force. And he - you know, he was the host of this whole universe, really. I mean, he was involved in numerous events like this.","And among those phone messages, you used to get messages from women named Muffy explaining what a grand, smashing time they'd had."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The man was highly involved in social events and had long-standing involvement with various organizations.","questions":"How would you describe the man's involvement in social events?","answer":"Highly"}
{"text":["So what was the content posted in The Donald that led to this action?","Well, it's hard to say, I suppose would be the answer to that, because the Reddit staff are opaque a lot of the time and what actions they take and why. The best guess we have is that a few days ago, there were several posts and comments on that subreddit that were - seemed to be calling for violent action against public officials in the U. S.  state of Oregon - this in response to the Republican walkout over House Bill 2020 in that state, the Climate Change Act, that has caused the Republican delegation to flee the state rather than vote. There were posts - calling for things like taking up arms, flooding into the state of Oregon, defending these people with violence and going after public officials with violence.","I think many people will be familiar with Reddit because they're interested in, you know, cat videos and things of that sort. But other people are aware that Reddit has come up a lot in the conversation around the spread of white supremacy and other extremist ideas. I mean, why is that?","I think that Reddit would have trouble dealing with these issues more than other social media sites would because of that focus on designing the site to center it around an idea or a group of people rather than an individual. That's a change that allows people with common interests to come together and discuss, advocate and act on those interests more easily than they might be able to in other places. And, again, on Reddit, they can also often do so anonymously."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Reddit staff does not always disclose why they take certain actions.","questions":"What is the Reddit staff's level of transparency?","answer":"Low"}
{"text":["Yes, it is very hard to imagine how it could've been better this past week for Hillary Clinton. She won four of the last five primary states. Then you had the double embrace by President Obama and Elizabeth Warren, which goes a long way toward healing the party after a long nomination fight. And yeah, these had to be the best moments for Hillary Clinton since that first debate last fall and her all-day performance before the House committee investigating Benghazi.","And how much value is the president's endorsement, which did come pretty quickly?","It's absolutely essential as a starting point if you're in the president's party. But as such, it's pretty much a given. So the real question is the degree of enthusiasm and effort that the president's going to put in and how popular the president himself might be. Those kinds of things are often missing or just negative for a nominee. There's a strange relationship, as there was with George W.  Bush and John McCain, or just a tepid one - say, like Bill Clinton and Al Gore. Obama, by contrast, shows every sign of being a dynamo for Hillary Clinton, and that's actually highly unusual. In fact, it's hard to think of a president who's been both popular enough and willing and also able to campaign aggressively for his successor in the last century or so.","Any doubt that when the dust clears Bernie Sanders is supporting Hillary Clinton?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : election is over. The implied meaning, however, is that Bernie Sanders should support Hillary Clinton and there should be no doubt about it.The literal meaning of this statement is asking if there is any doubt that Bernie Sanders will support Hillary Clinton when the","questions":"Which candidate is the subject of the statement in turn 3?","answer":"Bernie-Sanders"}
{"text":["But I do think, at the Pew level, if you will, this is a divisive issue. And I am really hoping and I'm personally praying that evangelicals will stop and say, this one's too far. We don't want to close that golden door on people fleeing persecution, including people who are persecuted for their Christian faith. I think it's maybe not gotten a lot of attention that Christian refugees from some of the countries where Christians face the worst persecution in the world, along with other religious minorities, are also really dramatically harmed by these policies.","As I understand it, a big part of your work is talking to fellow evangelicals about this - about immigration more broadly. Can you give us a sense of what you hear in those conversations?","Yeah. You know, I wouldn't do this work - I think I'd be completely burned out if it wasn't for the opportunities I have on a fairly regular basis to be in an evangelical church in various parts of the country on a Sunday morning, preaching and teaching on God's heart for immigrants.","And what's encouraging to me is when I speak in churches, the response is actually really positive. I think a lot of churches are afraid to even have that conversation. But when they do, I find that most people are really receptive if it's grounded not in a political agenda - we're not there to tell people to vote for Republicans or vote for Democrats - but in a biblical message that focuses on who we know God to be, as revealed in the Bible, and his particular concern for vulnerable refugees."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to be burned out means you are sick of doing the same thing.","questions":"How would you describe the opportunities that \"A\" has in evangelical churches?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["I think it had to because of the workers and the communities where you had all of these plants. But because it became a 60-percent owner - the U. S.  government owns 60 percent of General Motors as a result of the bankruptcy - they could have straightened that company out, but they were completely hands-off with the post-bankruptcy management. In retrospect, they had to save General Motors. But they could've laid down tougher conditions.","What do you think about when you see some of the accounts in recent weeks about General Motors concealing what seems to have been a major problem which led to injury and death?","Eternal vigilance of the regulator is required. And the auto safety agency fell down on the job. It's just that simple. I think now we're going to get stronger legislation as a result of the GM debacle. A lot of good will come from it, unfortunately because of these fatalities.","Ralph Nader. His new book \"Unstoppable: The Emerging Left-Right Alliance To Dismantle The Corporate State. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies that the speaker is expressing gratitude for the other person's time and attention.","questions":"How did the speaker conclude the dialogue?","answer":"Save"}
{"text":["Well, I've said for a long time that I think the president needs an assistant to the president for Twitter control. And once again, we have an example of why you would want that. In this case though, I have to say, when I first read the tweet, you know, you're just shocked. I was shocked at the the mayor's speech last night begging for help and saying that people were dying. That was heartbreaking to hear. But this feels to me like it fits in a theme that he has had for a while starting with his inaugural, which is to side on the side of the forgotten people. In this case, he names the military, the first responders and the aid workers.","Yeah. But nobody feels more forgotten than the people of Puerto Rico.","And - yeah. I was gonna say, and the people of Puerto Rico - versus what he sees as the elite, which would be the mayor and questioning the mayor's poor leadership ability - can't get workers to help, was told to be nasty to Donald Trump is in the tweet also. And this fits with his M. O. of going against the elites. And this fits with the rest of the news this week as well. I'm not surprised.","Is the Trump administration failing Puerto Rico now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The president is trying to prioritize the needs of those who have been forgotten by society.","questions":"How does the president view the forgotten people?","answer":"Forgotten"}
{"text":["Some folks get a little bit cranky about having to work on the holiday. It's a day that, you know, most of us spend with our family and friends. How do you feel about working on a day that most people get off?","Folks that work in NASA have a common bond of a real passion for the space program. So, we wouldn't be here if we didn't have that. And obviously, we'd like to be with our families, but if we can't be there, then the next best place to be is working on a space mission.","So, you know, we've been doing a space station for 10 years straight, and there's been someone here every year for every holiday. And beyond holidays even, you know, one of the crew members on board is having their wedding anniversary just yesterday, and tomorrow's one of the birthdays of one of the flight directors working the flight.","So, we all kind of take care and bond together and take care of each other. And we're having a Thanksgiving dinner here that management's all bringing in for the flight controllers that are working, and we try to shift people out so that, you know, there's three shifts so that people do get some time at home."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Efforts are made to provide a sense of community and celebration among the workers","questions":"Which sense is created among the workers?","answer":"Sense"}
{"text":["That's so well-said. That's been a really big part of this. You know, we offer so much to our students. And we're members of our community. And we're not asking for the moon. We really just want to feel like we're also taken care of so that we can continue to take care of other people. And in order to really provide the service that we're providing, we need some basic security and some basic rights.","That's Markella Los. She's a yoga instructor for YogaWorks in New York City, and she's part of the push to unionize yoga instructors there. Markella, thank you.","Thank you so much.","We reached out to YogaWorks for a comment, but the company has yet to respond."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are not asking for a lot of really expensive items.","questions":"How much are they asking for?","answer":"Not-a-lot"}
{"text":["Finally, Mike, the Super Bowl is usually one huge party. But given the current economy, do you think it'll be as big of a celebration?","Officially, they give figures that are absolutely impossible to check about how much the Super Bowl adds to the economy. $300 million is one of the official totals. But I've read different economists saying the impact on a local economy is very small. And I have informally talked to some limo drivers and talked to some people who work in hotels. And they said, you know, a year ago, if you told them the Super Bowl was going to be here, they would've thought they'd all be booked up by now. But you can still get a limo maybe on Friday and Saturday, maybe not Sunday going to the game.","So it does - and another indication is that there used to be two huge parties sponsored by Playboy and Maxim, and Playboy is not having its party. So that's the economic indicator of this Super Bowl, that Playboy is not having its party.","NPR's Mike Pesca in Tampa, Florida for this weekend's Super Bowl. Thanks Mike."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : the super bowl is the nfl finals, not a huge dish or bowl; economy is not liteally hit by the super bowl, but affected by it","questions":"Which event's impact on the economy is small according to some economists and local workers?","answer":"SuperBowl"}
{"text":["In Brazil, at least 55 prison inmates are dead - strangled or stabbed after fights broke out in four different prisons over the weekend. Officials blame gang violence and say they're transferring some of these inmates to other prisons. Reporter Catherine Osborn is on the line from Rio.","Good morning, Catherine.","Morning.","So what is going on with these gangs in Brazilian prisons?This is a lot of people dead.","Yeah. Many drug gangs that operate outside of jails in Brazil in activities like drug trafficking and extortion operate and recruit from inside of the jails. And they're so powerful inside the prisons that, right after arriving, people join the gangs to get some small amount of protection. Prisons have even earned the nickname schools of crime in Brazil."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Many drug gangs operate and recruit from inside of Brazilian jails.","questions":"What is the reason behind people joining gangs in Brazilian prisons?","answer":"Protection"}
{"text":["Sure. I won't give you the whole poem. It's rather long. Oh, for a draft of vintage that have been culled a long age in the deep delved earth. Tasting of flora and the country green, dense and Provencal song and sun burnt mirth. Oh, for a beaker full of the warm south, full of the true, the blushful hippocream(ph), with beaded bubbles winking at the brim and purple stained mouth, that I might drink and leave this world unseen. And with thee fade away in the forest dim.","That's very nice indeed. I'm inclined to respond by saying, you know, she should have died hereafter. There would have been time for such a word. You know, tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow creeps at its petty pace from day to day to the last syllable of recorded time, and all our yesterdays have lighted fools, they waited dust to your death. Out, out brief candle - sorry.","That's pretty wonderful.","Jean Sprackland is one of the poets who've selected verses for schoolchildren in the United Kingdom to recite for a new contest called Poetry By Heart. Thanks very much, Ms.  Sprackland."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the speaker is thanking Ms. Sprackland for her participation in a poetry contest.","questions":"Which contest?","answer":"Poetry"}
{"text":["And what's your budget been?","Our budget is around $130,000. And that might sound like a lot, but it's a lot - it's way, way cheaper than, you know, most space programs.","SpaceX probably spends that on lunch.","Sounds about right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : SpaceX spends a lot of money on their projects","questions":"Which company spends a lot on their projects?","answer":"SpaceX"}
{"text":["On Boylston Street. That's right.","And how close to the finish line are we talking about?","I believe it's just about a block and a half. But I don't have that right in front of me. I believe it's about a block and a half.","OK.  And we're obviously going to bring more details of - from ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. I imagine your phone is ringing off the hook as you try to get more details as well. So Tovia Smith, anything - last word to leave with us on what we know about what happened in Boston?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is not actually answering the question directly","questions":"What is PersonA's location?","answer":"Boylston"}
{"text":["As far as race goes, you know, many of the African-American women who came forward about what Cosby did to them struggled with that, too. And in the end, they concluded, as I conclude, that he's not your typical African-American defendant. He had seven attorneys at his second trial. How many do you know that could have the income level to afford that?It's about power and privilege and wealth, and that's what allowed him to escape justice for so long.","That's Nicole Weisensee Egan. Her new book is \"Chasing Cosby: The Downfall Of America's Dad. \"We spoke with her from member station WHYY in Philadelphia.","Nicole Egan, thanks so much for talking to us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There are no turns in this dialogue whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. All the turns are straightforward and do not contain any figurative language or idiomatic expressions.","questions":"How many attorneys did Cosby have at his second trial?","answer":"Seven"}
{"text":["That's it. It's a very interesting technology. It shoots this - 125,000 laser pulses a second down at the rainforest canopy. Now - and then it measures the reflections. Now, 99 percent of what's reflected comes off leaves. But here and there, there are tiny gaps in the canopy where a laser beam can reach the ground, bounce off and go back up to the plane. And then with massive software processing, they're able to remove all the reflections from leaves, leaving only the ground.","And it's just incredible to see these scientists at work. I mean, you see this impenetrable rainforest canopy. And then with a press of a button, it disappears and you see everything on the ground. It's absolutely amazing.","Well, it's a little more complicated than that. They have to then process the signals that they receive back from the ground. As you say, most of them come back from leaves. And I think, what, they handed you the disc and you flew it out and gave it to the computer guy.","Well, that's right. And in fact, it is very complicated. The LIDAR machine has inside it a highly classified thing called an IMU, an Inertial Measurement Unit that was developed for the military for use in guided missiles. And in order to get an export permit for the plane, the State Department required that the plane be guarded by armed soldiers at all times when it was on the ground because this is a very highly classified piece of equipment. Because it's important to locate the plane in the air in three dimensions as it's flying to within an accuracy of about a centimeter. I mean, that's incredible."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The accuracy required to locate the plane is impressive.","questions":"How precise does the plane need to be located in three dimensions?","answer":"Centimeter"}
{"text":["Ibiza being the Spanish island where this video was filmed.","Exactly - just blathering on and on to a Russian woman who they believed was the niece of a prominent Russian oligarch.","And I'll just insert here that I have not had the opportunity to verify exactly what is being documented on this video. But what it has done is raise all of these questions in Austria about the extent of Russian influence in Austrian politics. Is that right?","Absolutely. And, I mean, it's funny because these are actually fake Russians. This is - these are not necessarily people that were sent from the Kremlin. We don't really know the provenance of the video. Some people believe it's an activist collective. Other people are speculating that some secret services of various countries were involved. But the most important thing to say is that Vice Chancellor Strache hasn't denied any of the assertions.","Right. Well, let me insert a practical question here. Where does this leave the government of Austria?Who's in charge today?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The video raised questions about the extent of Russian influence in Austrian politics","questions":"What did the video raise?","answer":"Russian"}
{"text":["Thank you. Thank you for saying snot-like. Not a - I don't believe we've had that phrase on our show before. So what is there. . .","It's a first.","What is there about this delightful mucus of the tongue?","Well, we spent a few years studying the frog tongue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implies that A and their team had been studying the frog tongue for a few years.","questions":"How long did PersonA and their team spend studying the frog tongue?","answer":"years"}
{"text":["What does Disney get?I mean, what that had the label Fox on it goes over to Disney?","So this is a $71. 3 billion deal, and it involves two of the biggest studios in Hollywood. So there's a lot of names involved in this in TV and film that folks will recognize. So Disney gets outlets like 20th Century Fox Television, which produces shows like \"Empire\" and \"Modern Family. \"They get Fox animation and National Geographic partners. Now, Fox, meanwhile, has created this slimmed-down company to include a lot of the stuff that Disney didn't buy. So they have Fox News Channel, Fox Business network, the Fox broadcast network and Fox Sports. And in fact, the former speaker of the House Paul Ryan was named to the board of that new Fox Corporation.","So Rupert Murdoch's family which, of course, has controlled Fox - Murdoch keeps the stuff which, we can imagine, is closest to his heart, like the Fox News Channel and gets rid of some of this other stuff.","Right, a company that's a little more focused on news and sports."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Rupert Murdoch's family has given up some of their media outlets, like 20th Century Fox Television, in the deal, but kept the outlets closest to their heart, like Fox News Channel.","questions":"How much did the deal between Disney and Fox cost?","answer":"$71.3"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. There's a big bank on trial, but this one's not on Wall Street. The Arab Bank based in Jordan is being tried in New York federal court. They've been accused of funneling tens of millions of dollars to the families of suicide bombers and terrorists who are affiliated with Hamas. The trial will determine whether the bank should be liable for attacks that killed Americans between 2001 and 2004. Jessica Silver-Greenberg is a business reporter for The New York Times and has been covering the story. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me.","Tell us please about the plaintiffs - in this case, survivors and families of people who were harmed in terrorist attacks?","So the plaintiffs in the case - there are almost 300 plaintiffs. And they represent those who were killed, injured or had a family member killed in 24 Hamas attacks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a particular tone or inflection may suggest a certain attitude or emotion, such as sarcasm, excitement, anger, or sadness, which can provide additional context or subtext to the words being spoken.","questions":"How does the PersonA's tone contribute to the subtext of the words being spoken? (Answer: Tone)","answer":"Attitude"}
{"text":["That's right. In the last few years where, as a fugitive, when he was living in Belgrade, he eked out this living as a new age guru. He grew a big bushy white beard, had glasses, had a top knot at the top of his head tied up with a black ribbon. He presented this rather remarkable monk-like figure and, as you say, hid in plain sight. He was often at seminars and conferences about alternative medicine.","He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The woman worked with Interpol and had the opportunity to recognize Radovan Karodzic but she never did.","questions":"How did the woman across the stairwell from the fugitive work?","answer":"Interpol"}
{"text":["Thank you.","The next justice will be conservative. I think it's pretty safe to say that. But you write that conservative justices aren't all conservative in the same way. So could you explain?","Sure. Conservative judicial philosophy can mean a lot of things. Most prominently, what people talk about is that the judge focuses closely on the text and original understanding of the Constitution. But there are other philosophies that are associated with conservatism, as well. One is there's a libertarian strand of conservatism, which basically focuses on freedom from the state. And then there's an important strand of conservatism that says that judges should defer to the legislature and not get way out ahead of the people in terms of recognizing social rights. So, sometimes, the deference strand of conservatism conflicts with the other two.","You write that liberals are too confident in their despair, and conservatives are too jubilant. And you hinged that on Chief Justice John Roberts, who is conservative but could take on the mantle of the swing vote."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The hinge is just the importance of the information being placed on the Chief Justice. This person would not take on a mantle but just vote in a way that changes the outcome.","questions":"What is the role of Chief Justice John Roberts according to the turn 3 in the dialogue?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["So how do you think we should be thinking about this?I mean, are you personally prepared to say this warrants an impeachment inquiry at this point?And we only have - I beg your pardon - about 30 seconds left.","Well, I don't think there's any question that this whole issue needs to be investigated. And frankly, the Republicans ought to be working with the Democrats on this issue. This is a question of checks and balances. Are we going to prevent a president and limit a president from abusing his powers as president?That's something that's not just in the Democrats' interest. It's in the Republicans' interests because one of these days, there'll be a Democratic president, and they will be very concerned if that president behaves as this president is and is not held accountable.","That was Leon Panetta. He's a former director of central intelligence. He's a former secretary of defense and has held a number of important posts, as we have said.","Mr.  Secretary, thank you so much for speaking with us once again."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He is a reliable source of information and is knowledgeable and qualified and what he says can be trusted.   ","questions":"What is Leon Panetta's professional background?","answer":"Director,Defense,Posts"}
{"text":["Well, their explanation was largely that this is mostly normal. There were several years where they sort of deprioritized taking people out of this program and allowed families that they say were no longer eligible to stay in. And now they have restarted disenrolling people and expected a significant number of children to be cut from enrollment. I think there are still very large questions about how many of those families were removed because they are no longer eligible and how many were removed because they did not properly do paperwork.","What's your response to people who say, look, this is the responsibility of the parents - what's so difficult about filling out some forms?","Well, I have seen the packet, for one, and it's not easy. And two, even if tens of thousands of parents drop the ball, it's not the kids' fault. Is that really what we want, is a state where lots and lots of kids don't get health insurance, to which they are legally entitled, because their family didn't fill out paperwork or the state sent that paperwork to the wrong address or it got lost in the mail or any of many possible procedural errors that could have happened somewhere in this paperwork?","Your story came out earlier this week, and the governor has since acknowledged this reporting. What's been the fallout so far?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) - Well, I have seen the packet, for one, and it's not easy.And two, even if tens of thousands of parents drop the ball, it's not the kids' fault.Is that really what we want, is a state where lots and lots of kids don't get health insurance, to which they are legally entitled, because their family didn't fill out paperwork or the state sent that paperwork to the wrong address or it got lost in the mail or any of many possible procedural errors that could have happened somewhere in this paperwork? - Implied meaning: Is it fair to punish children for adults' mistakes and errors in paperwork?","questions":"How is the packet for enrollment described?","answer":"Not-easy"}
{"text":["Absolutely. Mary was beyond offended. This was after her columns had been a sensation, after the Army-McCarthy hearings. And Mary had to deal with that kind of institutional sexism throughout her career, that she knew she would have to work harder and write better than the men to be a syndicated columnist. But she was also fairly comfortable with the hand she was dealt. She was not a trailblazing feminist in a traditional sense of the word. She figured if she was going to get paid less and have to work harder, she would make the men on the campaign trail damn well carry her bags.","Yeah, Mary's bearers, they were called, right?","Indeed. I don't think a more illustrious group of porters has ever been assembled, that you could find people carrying her typewriter and bag who invariably had won a Pulitzer. And as her cousin once joked, that if the reporters around weren't able to do it, she would make the candidates do so.","I wish I could think of a better opening. Tell me the Lyndon Baines Johnson story, if you could, please."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), when Mary's cousin joked about making the candidates carry her bags if the reporters weren't able to do so, the actual meaning is that Mary was a skilled and respected journalist who deserved better treatment than having to rely on others to carry her equipment. The joke is a sarcastic critique of the sexist attitudes prevalent at the time,","questions":"Which journalist was subjected to institutional sexism throughout her career and relied on men to carry her bags?","answer":"Mary"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Pope Francis issued what's called an apostolic exhortation this week called The Joy of Gospel. And in his exhortation, he upheld church teachings while signaling a new openness to conversation about change. Maybe most notably the pope criticized the way much of the world, including the United States, does business. He warned against what he called an economy of exclusion, arguing that the very structural causes of poverty must be addressed. We turn now to Father James Martin, a noted Jesuit and culture editor of the Jesuit magazine America. He joins us from Philadelphia today. Father Jim, thanks for being with us.","THE REV. JAMES MARTIN: My pleasure.","What's the pope exhorting his church to do?","Well, I would say in this document he's asking us to do three things. Number one, remember the importance of joy. When we preach the Gospel, he inveighs against sourpusses - that's the English translation."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"he inveighs against sourpusses - that's the English translation.\" - figurative language, meaning that the Pope is criticizing people who are gloomy or negative, rather than using the literal meaning of \"sourpusses.\"","questions":"Which word describes the type of people Pope Francis is criticizing in his exhortation?","answer":"Gloomy"}
{"text":["I think that they're at peace with it now. And we're at peace with each other. But that took - you know, that took a lot of time.","So we've already talked a bit about how the cello is this character in your life. And I want to talk about how it functions throughout this album. Let's listen to the song \"Poor Fake. \"","(Singing) Don't matter where you are, it'll catch right up to you. You can try to resist the feeling, set the canvas in my blues.","So cello, you know, it isn't an instrument I think of playing a huge role in pop songs. But it does play a huge role in this song and throughout other songs on the album."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The cello plays an important role in the album despite not being a typical instrument in pop music.","questions":"How does the cello function in \"Poor Fake\"?","answer":"Function"}
{"text":["What would happen in a civil contempt is that you would basically be trying to hold the attorney general - get a court order that he was in contempt. And the court would have a hearing. And Justice Department would intervene, and they would fight the contempt citation. And then the court would have a ruling. And that's how the process kind of operates theoretically. What normally happens is the court does not like to step into executive legislative disputes, and they will urge both sides to try to accommodate one another. I think it would only be if the court determined that the Justice Department was really in bad faith would they then hold the attorney general in contempt.","Let me ask you this. If this matter does land in court, if litigation is actively pursued, that could take months. It could take years even. And if the goal is to get information from Attorney General William Barr, how is this an effective strategy?Pursuing a contempt case could result in a huge delay, right?","I think the reality is is that the rules of subpoenas right now as we're discussing in many ways work in favor of the executive for the exact reason that you are hinting at in your question, which is they can run the clock. They can probably run the clock on the enforcement question for months, if not years. And they might be able to even run it up to the next election.","Right. So if the White House intends to stonewall, do you think it's even a wise strategy on the part of the Democrats right now to be talking about contempt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The court may not intervene in executive legislative disputes.","questions":"What kind of disputes may the court not intervene in?","answer":"Executive"}
{"text":["First of all, there is a lag time of - it's several months before raw material costs work their way all the way through the system. And farmers will be quick to tell you that they only get 20 cents from every food dollar. The rest of it goes to processing and labor and transportation. So all of these other factors also effect what we're paying at the grocery store.","Essentially the department is assuming that the volatility in the prices for energy and commodities is going to be with us for a while, at least through the middle of next year. In other words, the recent trends of lower prices for oil and other commodities isn't going to last, and if you look at today's spike in the price of oil, that's a good case in point.","John, you mentioned how we'll be seeing this at the grocery store. What about at restaurants?","Well, that's interesting. USDA forecast compares prices of food at home with those away from home. And in 2005 and 06, restaurant price and inflation was much higher than in grocery stores, but that changed last year and this year and supposedly will continue next year. Restaurants are now raising prices more slowly than grocery stores. Basically, restaurants are trying to absorb some of their higher food costs to cushion the blow to their customers and to keep them coming in."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"cushion the blow\" - This is an idiomatic expression that means to lessen the negative impact of something rather than actually providing cushioning.","questions":"What does the idiomatic expression \"cushion the blow\" mean?","answer":"Lessening"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And that's on the left and on the right. You have your most liberal members of the House and Senate and your most conservative members of the House and Senate essentially joining hands coming 360 on this thing and saying we're all the populists here. We're not the centrists. We're not the establishment. We're speaking for the angry little guy. And there's some irony in that perhaps, and some discomfort when, you know, you look over and see who you're in bed with on this thing. But politics makes that kind of bed fellows, and we're certainly seeing it in this particular context.","Ron, we only have a few seconds left, but both Senators Barack Obama and John McCain voted for the provision. Is that good enough cover for them I guess during the campaign?","Well, it certainly makes it less of a presidential issue, and that had been a big problem, frankly, in the politics of it last week. Once you inject the White House contest into this, everything kind of tends to blow up.","That was NPR's senior Washington editor Ron Elving. He joined me from our headquarters in Washington, D. C."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implication is that the Presidential contest will make a difference to this issue but that it is not literally going to be injected. ","questions":"What is the big problem in the politics of it last week that Ron Elving mentions in turn 2?","answer":"White"}
{"text":["Yeah. A lot of people get into it for different reasons. First of all, I mean, if anyone says they didn't get into law enforcement to drive a police car fast with the lights and siren that comes screeching into a parking lot sideways and jump out and tackle a guy, they're lying to you. I mean, there's other greater, noble reasons, but come on, man, really?That's why we do it. It's fun.","Derek Pacifico, retired sergeant of the San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department in California. He now runs Crime Writers Consultations and trains novelists and screenwriters on how to write valid, good, honest crime stories. Sergeant, thanks so much.","Thanks for having me. It was a pleasure.","You have the right to remain silent while listening to WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies that you should be mindful of the information you hear and stay informed.","questions":"How should you listen to WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News?","answer":"Mindful"}
{"text":["Good morning, Lulu.","So it seems a little strange to be talking about why something doesn't matter, but here we are, saying President Trump's budget - which is being released tomorrow - suddenly isn't that important. How did that happen?","Presidents' budgets are always political documents. They're not a piece of legislation, but they do express the president's priorities. And, of course, the cliche is to say that the president's budget is dead on arrival on Capitol Hill. This one is probably dead as a doornail. And the reason is that Republicans and Democrats just passed a massive, two-year spending bill, which raises the caps for domestic and defense spending. And the White House was mostly a bystander in those negotiations. So what the president says in his budget tomorrow will not affect spending very much. Congress probably won't be passing a 2019 budget resolution. The bottom line is, in this instance, Congress seems to be ignoring the president.","Oh, OK. But when the budget comes out tomorrow, the spotlight will probably turn to White House budget director Mick Mulvaney, right?He was famously hawkish on the deficit when he was in Congress. What will he have to say?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Presidents' budgets are mostly for show and have little impact on spending","questions":"Which document is being released tomorrow?","answer":"Budget"}
{"text":["So do you think that there should be some kind of accountability that maybe Congress says, OK, yeah, you can have some of this money, but it will mean a change in leadership, Bank of America.","A change in leadership might be good. I think part of the problem here is that now that we've started down this path of every quarter when the bank comes in and says, oops, our bad bets got worse this quarter, we need more money, we've gotten to the point where we can't say no to that. And again, what's most galling about this for anybody who admires a free market in any way is that the idea is that if you're free to make these bets, you're supposed to pay the price for that. And we are still protecting the shareholders of these banks, and we're still protecting the bondholders.","You can say all day long, which is probably true, that we have to protect the customers or the system really is in danger. But you can do that without bailing out the bondholders and shareholders, which is what everybody is so outraged about.","Henry Blodget is the outraged founder and editor of Clusterstock. com. Henry, thanks for talking with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : you can say all day long means that they can say it repeatedly. ","questions":"How can the phrase \"you can say all day long\" be described?","answer":"Repeatedly"}
{"text":["You know, I'm not sure exactly where the cuts will take place. I know they've got several issues in mind. I think it's definitely a reflection upon the times right now, and how difficult the environment is for financial service firms.","You wrote in your piece today that the bonus pool is still the sixth largest on record. How much money was it overall?","Overall, it was 18. 4 billion, but it was down from about 33 billion last year. So it's a decline, but it's still, like you said, the sixth largest, so there's been thoughts that the past compensations have gotten a little excessive. So there's definitely an argument that that was the case.","And all of this in the wake of a bonus scandal at Merrill Lynch. What's been going on there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The cuts will be significant and likely affect employees.","questions":"How extensive will the cuts be?","answer":"Significant"}
{"text":["But some people might want the extra three months of the nine months option. Just look through and see what's offered. And the other good thing is, this is not one of those negative option kind of options. At the end of the six months or nine months, they're not going to automatically enroll you into a plan in which you have to pay, because the six month is worth about 60 dollars and the nine month is about 115 dollars. So they will absolutely stop it, and you have to say, I want this back. But listen, for six or nine months you've got someone looking through your TransUnion credit file, so it's worth it.","You know, Michelle, what you're saying is anyone who has applied for credit, essentially in the last 20 years, any credit card, is eligible for this. There is a benefit, including maybe some cash, sitting there on the table. You can write in and get it. That's it?","That's it. That's exactly right. And you do have to register for it. It's not automatic, and you have to go to www. listclassaction. com. And once you go to the site, you click on the link for Register for Benefits. And then they will email you and tell you later when you can actually start getting the monitoring service.","We will link to you and to this website at our site, that's npr. org. Michelle Singletary, personal finance columnist for the Washington Post and contributor to Day to Day. Michelle, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There is free money available for those who have applied for credit.","questions":"What is the eligibility criteria for the free money mentioned in the statement?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Jason, there's still no power on much of the island, which is astounding. It's five weeks now. What is it like?What have you seen to undertake a recovery from a hurricane when you still don't have power?","And part of what is crazy is it's not just Hurricane Maria. Hurricane Irma came through here two weeks before that. So there's some people who've been almost two months without power. But people are making an effort. They're out there. I see people, you know, cleaning up by hand. People are out there with hand tools trying to, you know, cut 2-by-4's to rebuild things when, you know, they don't have power tools. You've got people who are living in high-rises. It's kind of amazing sometimes walking around at night here in San Juan. You got these tall buildings. And you'll just see some candles flickering in the - and that's the only light in this entire high-rise.","I went out last night, actually, to try to catch some of the World Series. And some of the bars are starting to reopen. But everywhere that you go, the only power that people have is running off of generators or running off of some solar power. You really do not see people getting much power from the grid."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Jason is frustrated and surprised by the length of time it is taking to restore power after the hurricane.","questions":"What is astounding to Jason?","answer":"Length"}
{"text":["Sure. So sequencing DNA is currently most cost efficient when you sequence a bunch of different samples together. And so, typically, you'll outsource your sequencing to a dedicated sequencing facility or lab. And let's say you want to learn what other people are sequencing. Say you want to get a leg up on some GMO research that people are doing. You could potentially insert malware into the sample that you send to the DNA sequencing facility to exfiltrate some of that data back to you.","How did you guys discover this?","What we try to do here is sort of look at emerging technologies and see if there are any security implications of those emerging technologies and try to get ahead of potential threats before they become actual threats. And so we had a team of people here working on a DNA storage project for using DNA instead of, say, hard drives for long-term storage. And so we had sort of the biological and chemical backgrounds for that as well as security expertise here.","Are there any good reasons to use this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - What we try to do here is sort of look at emerging technologies and see if there are any security implications of those emerging technologies and try to get ahead of potential threats before they become actual threats.","questions":"Which expertise does the team at the company have besides biological and chemical backgrounds?","answer":"Security"}
{"text":["Exactly.","At the same time, she's this very sassy character. And, you know, so many of the characters here are very, you know, just sexy, kind of contemporary figures. And there's a joie-de-vivre about this, and even though she touches on a lot of heavy themes, including race and patriotism, there's a certain sass to this. Is that what attracted you to her work?","Well, I was astounded at her work. I was actually looking for something else in her cartoon that is in the late '40s. Most of her cartooning was done in the late '40s and early '50s. This one year of '37 was kind of a little different thing.","I was looking for evidence of a doll. I knew that she created a doll, and I thought I could find some evidence of that in her cartoons. And then yeah, I found the doll, but then I went on to see all of the different topics that she took on, and that got fascinating."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  A's turn does not contain any figurative language. The speaker is expressing their genuine reaction to the artist's work.","questions":"How did PersonA react to the artist's work?","answer":"Astounded"}
{"text":["Yes. It makes them incredibly vulnerable. I mean, being an adolescent makes you vulnerable, but being an adolescent on a mission makes you even more so because they have an idea of a life that has not yet been proven to them. And they're willing to risk everything. Their relationships with their families, their futures, their opportunities that they have not yet seen themselves in for an idea that is a romantic notion.","And teenagers have been doing this since the beginning of time. Romeo and Juliet did it. And that myth, you know, writ large over multiple cultures - teenagers are constantly throwing all their eggs in a single basket and hoping for the best. And if anything, I wanted to capture the beauty of the spirit that goes towards this and the ways in which this can disappoint.","Laleh Khadivi, her novel \"A Good Country. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Literal meaning: The speaker expresses gratitude to Laleh Khadivi for being present in the conversation to discuss her novel \"A Good Country.\"","questions":"How did PersonA describe the vulnerability of adolescents on a mission?","answer":"Romantic"}
{"text":["Yeah.","So, does that mean that Mom and Dad, one's a doctor, one's a lawyer?","No, it was more - I would just say that the type of upbringing I had - actually, my parents are divorced, and they have been most of my life, but everybody actually refers my mother as Clair Huxtable, because she kind of reminds everybody of that character. My dad is a little silly like Bill Cosby, and I was always Denise. I was the wild kid and kind of the wild card in the family. I'm the only artist in the family and always had the weird clothes and a wild hair. So. . .","Now, let's talk about this song - I know you're going to sing it for us in a moment - \"Wanna Be. \"Listening to the lyrics of it, it sounds as if it's a person who is trying to figure out who she is for herself."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person was the one in the family that did not dress and act like the rest.","questions":"How was the person different from the rest of the family?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["And here's her plan. You get your kids into their PJs. You tuck them in with a math equation on top of their bedtime story. And you can find a simple - a sample of her bedtime math puzzles on our website at sciencefriday. com\/bedtimemath. Laura Overdeck is here with us. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Hi. Thank you.","This is a cute little book. It's a big book. It's nice. You think you can teach math to kids while they're getting their bedtime story?","Oh, I think absolutely. Where this came from was that my husband and I, we like math, and when our first child was 2, we started rolling in a little math problem with her book at night, just, you know, started with counting the ears and noses on her stuffed animals. It got tougher as she got older. We've rolled in a second child, a third child. And what we found was that, in our house by now, math is like dessert. It's a treat. . .","Is that right?","It's a treat the kids want. They actually ask for their math problem at night."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They begin the math with the kids,not actually roll anything.","questions":"How do they introduce math to their kids during bedtime?","answer":"Rolling"}
{"text":["I believe she lacks political will to get the job done, which is one of the reasons that the nurses are supporting Bernie Sanders. If our health isn't achievable, then what's she doing running for president?You don't give up on health. You can give up on a lot of things. And there's compromises to be made. But when it comes to the health of my children, of our families, of our communities, you don't give up on people.","You know, of course, that the math is against Senator Sanders becoming the Democratic candidate.","I - you know, I look at the things far beyond math. I look at the mass momentum, just like in sports. I mean, Bernie - you know, we look at sports teams. . .","Hillary Clinton has won, at the moment, I believe, something like 3 million votes more than Senator Sanders."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of turn 3 is that Bernie Sanders has gained popular support and this popular support should be taken into account rather than just looking at the math.","questions":"What does turn 3 suggest about the importance of popular support for Bernie Sanders?","answer":"importance"}
{"text":["All right. Just quick hit. If you had one thing that you wanted the administration to accomplish with technology in its first term - if there's more than one, but you know - what's your one fantasy, quickly?","Oh, my gosh. Oh, gosh, Farai one?You're putting me on the spot?I would have to probably say stem education - Science, Technology, Engineering and Math education. If they could funnel more money into our teachers and into our kids becoming the future engineers and scientists, then the innovation will take care of itself.","All right, Mario. Great. Thank you.","Thank you, Farai."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The question caught A off guard, but they believe that improving STEM education is crucial for technological advancement in the future.","questions":"What did PersonA suggest as a crucial factor for technological advancement?","answer":"STEM"}
{"text":["Yeah. That really happened.","I believe you - popping ibuprofen before going out to dance to stop the pain, wearing high heels all day. You had it bad.","I really did. I was a little bit of a slave to heels, and I don't think I even knew it.","Why is that?Why do you think you like them so much?And obviously you're not the only one. A lot of people like them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : She wore her high heels no matter what the pain she endured from them.","questions":"Which footwear did she struggle with?","answer":"Highheels"}
{"text":["Let's wrap up, Ron, by talking about taxes. The House wants to try to pass a tax bill - an overhaul bill - by Thanksgiving. What can we look forward to there?","This week, we should see the pigs start coming out of the poke. The tax chairman on the House side, Republican Kevin Brady, is going to show us what his details show - legislative language. We're going to find out really who's going to be paying more, who's going to be paying less. And that could really kick off some political fallout.","Right because, obviously, the devil is in the details. And the vote could be very slim, at least on the Senate side, right?They can't afford to lose many at all.","That's right. Maybe they can lose 2 and still prevail in the Senate because their margin is basically 2. But we've got Rand Paul from Kentucky and Bob Corker of Tennessee both saying they don't want to add to the deficit. As it stands now, this plan would add 1. 5 trillion to the national debt."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A:\tThat's right.Maybe they can lose 2 and still prevail in the Senate because their margin is basically 2.But we've got Rand Paul from Kentucky and Bob Corker of Tennessee both saying they don't want to add to the deficit.As it stands now, this plan would add 1.5 trillion to the national debt.","questions":"What is the estimated amount that the tax plan would add to the national debt?","answer":"1.5"}
{"text":["You've been speaking with current and former EPA staffers. What is the mood like at the EPA right now?","It's not good. I think that - you know, one person told me that they worry that there is a lot of backstabbing going on. There is some paranoia about where these leaks are coming from because a lot of the information would have had to come from someone very close to the administrator. And so there's some finger-pointing over that. And then when you talk to the career officials - the people who have worked for EPA and previous administrations as well - they get the feeling that there's no way that leadership could be focusing on policy right now because they just have controversy after controversy to address.","Last week, Pruitt announced he would roll back Obama-era auto emissions standards. President Trump and his supporters really like what he's been doing at the EPA. He's been very popular among conservatives and the president. Just briefly, how have these ethics questions affected his ability to do his job?","Well, I think that - the people that I've talked to said that meetings were proceeding and that things were still moving forward. But it seems like this is all escalating. And there's a sense that more stories will be coming - that journalists are working on other tips that they have and that public records are going to come out and show even more of this. And so I think a lot of the things he's begun - those are things that could be in the courts for years too."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : finger-pointing implies making of accusations or blame and not pointing one's finger at a place ","questions":"What is the sense at EPPersonA regarding the source of the leaks?","answer":"Administrator"}
{"text":["And finally, I was going to ask you about that - this - are there other steps that Mexico is trying to take or would like to take to stop this flow of migrants through their country?","Well, the actual border between Guatemala and Mexico is an obvious place if they want to stop people coming through that they could block access. And having more agents down here, whether they're national guard or someone else, I mean, would certainly result in more detentions of migrants. Really, the question right now and the thing that I'm seeing is that the local immigration detention center here is at more than double capacity right now.","So there is definitely a question - if Mexico really does step up the number of migrants it stops here, does it have the resources to take care of them?And then, for those who need protection - those fleeing persecution - do they have the ability and the willingness to protect those people?","That is reporter James Frederick on the Mexican side of the Guatemala-Mexico border. He's actually about 30 miles north of the border at the moment."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Blocking access to the border between Guatemala and Mexico would be an effective way to stop migrants from coming through.","questions":"Which border would be an effective place to block access to stop the flow of migrants through Mexico?","answer":"GuatemalaMexico."}
{"text":["Hopeful or not, I think the obvious answer is yes, I am a student of Zimbabwe, I am still very hopeful. But we are calling on President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa always been mandated by SADC to meet it in the Zimbabwe crisis, to look seriously in (unintelligible) and move away from this quiet diplomats which is not producing the desired result, and probably as the AU summit sits on Saturday with eight African leaders to take a position on Zimbabwe. The deployment of a peacekeeping mission is now long overdue. The people of Zimbabwe have suffered enough.","Clever, I want to thank you so much for talking with us.","You are welcome. Thank you very much.","Clever Bere is president of Zimbabwe's National Student Union. He spoke with us from Harare, Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Simultaneous use of soft-laser for exposure to the cochlea and administration of Ginkgo biloba extract for 4 weeks on a 20-50% of patients has been reported to be useful. Soft-laser mechanism of action is unknown, but it has been proved that light leads to athermic stimulation of biochemical processes","questions":"What treatment has been reported to be useful for a percentage of patients with cochlea exposure?","answer":"Ginkgo"}
{"text":["That is the wildest story.","Ah, this is just wonderful drama, and the fact that now he lands on Broadway?Oh, come on. I mean, this is probably going to carry us through December. You know, just hope he doesn't get hurt, then all of a sudden it's. . .","(Singing) Da, da, da, da. . .","You know?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The story is not wild but interesting or exciting.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the story?","answer":"Wonderful"}
{"text":["Part of the problem is a shortage of funds. The other problem is here in Lebanon, the government has a very strict rule on refugee settlements - nothing permanent. So, the only thing that you can have is plastic and wood, and that means that families live on dirt floors. Now, aid workers have been working around the clock to deliver thermal blankets and extra food. But the snow closed off some of these mountain roads over the past few days, so many refugees are out of reach until this storm passes.","Let's go back to that seizure of a warehouse of supplies by Islamist rebels, 'cause that certainly seemed to change U. S.  policy. How did that wind up changing Western policy?","Well, the seizure happened last Friday - details are a little hazy. But fighters from some of Syria's most powerful Islamist brigades took over this warehouse. There was more than a million dollars of U. S. -supplied equipment there. According to a U. S.  State Department official, it included nine pickup trucks, four buses, office and communication equipment and 50,000 meals ready to eat - army rations. All of this was intended for the Western-backed Free Syrian Army under the command of General Salim Idris.","Does the fact that the rebels were able to take control of a supply storehouse suggest that this was a huge loss for the Free Syrian Army, which is even further set them back on their heels."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The situation is more dire than what is being reported, as the resources available are not able to meet the needs of the refugees.","questions":"How are the refugee settlements in Lebanon?","answer":"Dire"}
{"text":["Unfortunately, under the rule, no.","Robert Strassburger, vice president for vehicle safety at the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers.","The sound to be emitted really has to be instantly recognizable as a motor vehicle in operation.","Mr.  Strassburger worked with the National Federation of the Blind to develop the rules. At first, he says, he told them, but we've worked for 30 years to make cars quiet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A's statement suggests that the sound must be recognizable as a motor vehicle in operation, not just any sound.","questions":"Which sound should be recognizable as what?","answer":"Motor"}
{"text":["Like, for example, in Denmark, they have these open sandwiches that they're very famous for. And they really say a lot about, you know, Denmark as a country, being a very rich agriculture region, and you see this on these sandwiches. You know, they're fully laden with a huge spectrum of different toppings, very sort of rich and opulent sandwiches that you can't even - you know, you have to eat them from a plate with knife and a fork, right?","Yeah.","And then if you go up to where I grew up, a sandwich there would probably be more of a, you know, a piece of flatbread with a layer of butter and a layer of cheese on it that you would eat standing up. And I think it's a very interesting thing, you know, those things that, you know, are kind of a broader concept exist in a big geographic region but that vary a lot depending on where you are.","Chef Magnus Nilsson of \"The Nordic Cookbook. \"Thank you, chef."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"they really say a lot about, you know, Denmark as a country\" - This turn means that the open sandwiches are representative of Denmark's rich agricultural region, not that they literally communicate something about the country.","questions":"What do the open sandwiches represent about Denmark?","answer":"Agriculture"}
{"text":["And one thing I have learned in writing \"Big Game\" is that the NFL is a big club. We think we know everything; there's all this insider access that the NFL sells. But Colin Kaepernick, Donald Trump - these are outsiders who sort of stormed the club in their own ways. And they try to reveal things. And Colin Kaepernick, by way of this lawsuit, is going to put some very, very uncomfortable people in open court, potentially, in ways that could really expose a lot and sort of open a lot more Pandora's boxes.","Moving on in your book, I infer that Donald Trump might never have become president if the NFL owners had let him buy a football team.","That is the great thought experiment here. Donald Trump - he's tried to get into the NFL for maybe about four decades. If Donald Trump had gotten the Buffalo Bills in 2014, and it's not clear that he was ever close - he was sort of laughed out of the room in some ways - the NFL might have a very different headache or non-headache from the White House. And Donald Trump could be torturing them from within.","Well, why didn't they like his bid for the Bills or any other team he's made over the years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : If the NFL owners had let Donald Trump buy a team, he might not have become president.","questions":"How might the NFL have been impacted if Donald Trump had bought the Buffalo Bills in 2014?","answer":"Different"}
{"text":["Yes - beat me with a rifle - butt of a rifle.","Calvin Woods was also prosecuted for preaching against segregation. It was the law then.","I was speaking out against segregated buses. I was guilty of that and told them that they pay their money to sit down where there's a seat. And you don't have to get up, give anybody your seat unless that's what you want to do. So I was arrested, sentenced to six months hard labor and fined $500.","Calvin Woods and hundreds more in Birmingham were American heroes. But he says he'd like his children and his 60-some grandchildren to know it is always right to do right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Standing up for what is right even if it goes against the law.","questions":"Which principle is being exemplified in turn 0?","answer":"Justice"}
{"text":["Yeah. After the West Africa outbreak, there was this sense that, you know, we're in much better shape. We know more about it. We've got new treatment options. We've got a vaccine that's out there.","But in this one, it really has been this perfect storm. The area that this occurred in is incredibly poor, that had poor health care infrastructure beforehand. It's incredibly volatile; there's these militias that have basically been running that part of the Democratic Republic of Congo for decades. They're vying for control of minerals. And, you know, they have really undermined any governmental institutions that would be there.","And then all these health care workers show up to try to contain the Ebola treatment unit - that Ebola, you know, outbreak, and some of them were attacked, even killed. The World Health Organization yesterday was saying they've documented 198 attacks on Ebola clinics and workers over the last year. So obviously, that's an incredibly high number for attacks on a health response, you know, even in a declared war zone.","Well, I mean, yeah, it is a war zone, but why attack - specifically attack clinics that you know are treating a disease?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It does not make logical sense to attack people are trying to help get a dieses from spreading.","questions":"Which statement questions the logical sense of attacking those trying to prevent the spread of a disease?","answer":"logical"}
{"text":["We don't presume when we cover the news. But we see estimates. For instance, FiveThirtyEight has her close to a 90-percent favorite in terms of their poll aggregation. If we're just projecting forward - and again, we don't know - this could be a very bitter aftermath.","Forget about honeymoons. You know, I was talking - I convened a roundtable of former campaign chiefs of staff yesterday - Republicans.","And two of them mentioned to me that they thought within the first year of her being in office, Paul Ryan, the speaker of the House, would be under great pressure to bring articles of impeachment.","During that debate, Hillary Clinton kind of deftly avoided any real response on the Goldman Sachs speeches, on her husband's transgressions, if I might put it delicately, and accusations of pay-to-play relationship between the Clinton Foundation and the State Department. Do you think these are the kind of issues that might persist after November 8, whatever the result?","Absolutely. And, of course, the email issues, as well - we saw this report come out last week of a, quote, unquote, \"potential quid pro quo\" between the FBI and State Department investigators. This is something that I think Republicans are going to use to unite themselves."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Republicans may attempt to use impeachment as a tool to try to challenge and limit Clinton's power.","questions":"How might Republicans attempt to challenge and limit Clinton's power?","answer":"Impeachment"}
{"text":["Don't mean to put you on the spot, but what's the best ballpark food you've had in the U. S. ?","I am not that adventurous, to be honest, when it comes to ballpark food. I had a mac and cheese hotdog with bacon on last night, which blew my mind. I just couldn't believe that that was something that someone created.","Forgive me. It's going to blow more than your mind (laughter).","Yeah. It was a lot to take on, and it was pretty messy, but I enjoyed it a lot."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : what they meant is that it's going to impress their brains later","questions":"Which body part did the speaker mean would be impressed later?","answer":"mind"}
{"text":["Right, so I would assume we'll continue seeing kind of similar-shaped tablets, you know, a large screen, maybe one to three buttons on the face. There hasn't been a lot of design innovation on the tablet front, which is kind of disappointing, but we probably will start seeing more innovative smartphone designs in the future.","Now, when we talked before, before the trial, the analysts were saying this is really not about Samsung, it's about Google and its Android operating system. That's the shot across the bow.","Right.","How will that affect Google?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Samsung is not the main target, Google is","questions":"Which company is mentioned as the main target?","answer":"Google"}
{"text":["I want to talk a little bit about the words that are used to describe wine. You know, normally we hear things like dry, oaky, buttery - I kind of understand what those mean. But sommeliers have a much more creative way of describing tasting notes that you might not hear in a restaurant.","Well, you get everything from the more straightforward fruits and vegetables. So it could be pomegranate, raspberry, blackberry, apple, pear, lemon. They can also range to the far more imaginative. There were times where I was sitting in a tasting group and I thought that I was hearing someone read from a Wiccan book of love spells.","(Laughter).","Burnt hair, desiccated strawberry, armpit, you know (laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"There were times where I was sitting in a tasting group and I thought that I was hearing someone read from a Wiccan book of love spells.\" This turn implies that the person was hearing very unusual and creative descriptions of wine tasting notes that sounded like they came from a mystical or supernatural source, rather than a straightforward and literal description of the wine.","questions":"What were some of the unusual and creative descriptions of wine tasting notes that the person in the tasting group was hearing?","answer":"Burnt,hair,desiccated,strawberry,armpit"}
{"text":["And as for the question of who you scrutinize, it's fascinating. There's now an enormous case going on in Minneapolis I'll bet you've never heard of of a fella named Tom Petters.","I have not heard of him.","See. He's been convicted of a variety of things that seem to have scammed billions of dollars from hedge funds and many people in the twin cities who trusted him, and much of the Madoff thing is kinship because of what - you know, Madoff is Jewish, and a lot of Jews were in there. But this fellow was some sort of evangelical Christian - or is, I guess, and he got a lot of evangelical Christians.","It's - it is happening - I've been around 40 years, and I've seen it over and over again that people frequently scam their own communities because that's where they're trusted, and people don't do their homework on people they trust."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : that people don\u2019t do their homework means that they don\u2019t research information.","questions":"What is the reason for people scamming their own communities?","answer":"Trust"}
{"text":["And the other one is silencers or suppressors - a push to deregulate those devices. And that hasn't gone through. So the big ticket items that the NRA wants the NRA doesn't get. You mentioned at the top there this idea of strengthening background checks. I think it's important to be specific about what's under discussion there. There is bipartisan legislation. And what it would do would provide grants to the states to make sure that all of the records that show that a person is prohibited from owning a gun get into the databases that are scanned during a background check.","Mr.  Burnett, there's renewed interest on the sale of assault weapons. A ban went into effect in 1994. It expired 10 years later. Based on your reporting, what effect did that ban have?","There is some evidence - and we talk about assault - bans on assault-style weapons. What a lot of public safety experts say is the most meaningful piece of that is a restriction on how large the magazine - the ammunition magazine - that's basically how many rounds the gun can hold at one time, can be fired at one time before you have to reload.","Is there, in your mind, compelling evidence that the ban on assault weapons actually succeeded in banning assault weapons or reduced the supply or use of assault weapons and criminal activity?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"big ticket items\" - this is an idiom meaning important or valuable items, not actual physical tickets.","questions":"How does \"big ticket items\" relate to the discussion between PersonA and B?","answer":"Important"}
{"text":["This is News & Notes. I'm Tony Cox. Pink slips seem to be raining down in just about every sector and every Zip code. But are there any bright spots out there?The temporary job market may provide an answer. We're joined now by Steve Drexel. He is a labor economist and a 23-year veteran of the staffing industry. He's also a member of the Business Research Advisory Council of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Steve, welcome to News & Notes.","Thanks, it's nice to be here.","You've been following temporary staffing trends for more than two decades now. What sectors are relatively insulated from layoffs?","Well, the sectors that are most resilient are the higher-skill sectors, or if you can get into industries that are involved in education or health care or government. Those are the areas where you get the most bang. We're also seeing a nice increase in the mortgage-processing area, because one of the things the government's doing is lowering the conforming rate for mortgages. And so, there's kind of a rush to refinance."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"What sectors are relatively insulated from layoffs?\" - This turn uses the word \"insulated\" figuratively to mean protected or shielded from something.","questions":"How does turn 2 use the word \"insulated\"?","answer":"Figuratively"}
{"text":["No, because the guys used to sit on the porch and play their guitars and (unintelligible). And then would beat to the tap of their foot. So I kind of adapted that tanta-ta-tan-tum, tanta-ta-tan-tum(ph). I mean, because - I mean, my people - my relatives, most of them were from Jackson, Mississippi. So when they migrated to Indianapolis, they kind of brought a lot of that feeling.","When he said write a hit, that one song people know me all over the world, in Russia, Africa, Japan, all over the world, people, the first thing they say when they see me, \"Red Clay. \"","In the course of your career, you had, obviously, highs and you had some lows, and they've been described as personal problems. Without going into detail, are we to assume that those problems were substance abuse related?","Well, substance abuse, I wouldn't really say I had a problem with that. I mean, I would say that at one period in the '70s, I started partying, I was in Hollywood A-list(ph). And everybody would come up there, I mean, all kind of movie stars, all kind of football stars, basketball stars, actors. And I had a spot right there in (unintelligible) overlooking the (unintelligible). And the people that I had coming up there - now, the substance abuse, it was around because a lot of people who would come to see me would bring it. But I would never really say I had a habit or anything like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : My lows were not due to substance abuse.","questions":"Which lows were not due to substance abuse?","answer":"Substance"}
{"text":["Governor Mike Pence endorsed Ted Cruz yesterday in Indianapolis, although he also had kind words for Donald Trump. Mr.  Trump has also been endorsed by perhaps the best-known Hoosier on the planet. Forgive me Cole Porter. We mean Bobby Knight, the legendary Indiana University basketball coach. Coach Knight is celebrated for winning national championships, running an honest program and holding his players to high academic standards. He's also famous for having a titanic, chair-hurling temper. He is not known for political endorsements or being involved in campaigns.","I think that I'm like millions of Americans today that would like to see some things done that take us back to where we want to be, where we can really be proud of America, we have leadership that enables us to do that. I think I'm just one of millions of people. I'm not out there by myself. I just want to see us be the very best that we can possibly be and be thought of worldwide by the very best there is.","What did you hear Donald Trump say that convinced you you wanted to help him?","Well, Donald Trump didn't say anything that convinced me 'cause I went through people and people that were involved and least - involved themselves in the election. I made a little chart. I put together the things that he's done in life. And Donald Trump has created more jobs than all of the other candidates and politicians in the country. That's huge. That's important. That was a big thing for me to put down on my checklist."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning for turn (3): The questioner assumes that the speaker decided to support Donald Trump based on something he said, but the speaker clarifies that his decision was based on Trump's track record of job creation, as well as input from other people involved in the election.","questions":"Which aspect of Donald Trump's background did the speaker consider important in making their decision?","answer":"Track"}
{"text":["Yes. Launch is tomorrow at 4:55 AM Cape Canaveral time, which is where the rocket launches from, or, say, 1:55 AM California time. I'll actually be here in California at SpaceX headquarters at mission control. And so we have launch control at Cape Canaveral, and we've got mission control here at headquarters in California. So for the first nine minutes or so, the rocket will be ascending and delivering the Dragon spacecraft to orbit. And then the Dragon spacecraft will separate from the rocket and then - and begin orbital phasing with the space station, which will take a few days.","Then we're going to do, essentially, a flyby at the space station. Now, something that's important to appreciate is that the space station is actually zooming around the Earth at 17,000 miles an hour. People sort of think it's just sort of up there and stationary, but it's zipping around the Earth at - it actually completes an orbit of the Earth every 19 minutes. So you can think of this like you're trying to synchronize speed with something that's going 12 times faster than a bullet from an assault rifle.","And we've got to match the space station. As the space station makes more movements in its orbit, we've got to track those movements exactly. So we'll do a wide loop around the space station, establish communication - a communication link with the space station, have our docking sensors lock on and then the spacecraft actually plots an approach vector and will go in and pause at various points before finally going into dock with the space station.","And what time into the mission will it actually dock?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The launch is a complex and difficult task that requires precise coordination between multiple sites.","questions":"Which word describes the launch as being complex and difficult?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["Well, you could say both. You know, in 2010, the parent company declared bankruptcy. There's significant debt surrounding and hanging over National Enquirer's parent company. But you can't separate this from the scandals. The Washington Post, in its reporting, claims that the hedge fund manager who's sort of controlling owner now of American Media says that he's disgusted by what he's learned. This is not really anything new for the Enquirer, but don't forget the legal trouble the Enquirer has been in. You know, it got dragged into the investigation of Michael Cohen and others. It had to, essentially, negotiate with prosecutors in order to avoid prosecution. And indeed, the Bezos scandal may raise the legal stakes once more.","I mean, we've probably all joked at the grocery store checkout stand, like, looking at the headlines - who would ever buy the National Enquirer?Well, now it's like a more serious question. Who would buy the National Enquirer?","Well, you know, in a straight world, you might say TMZ, the digital gossip site. It's hard to know. It's a damaged brand. It is a notable brand. Somebody may buy it as a plaything, or there's been speculation Jeff Bezos would want to strangle it, buy it and put it out. . .","Wow. That would be. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies surprise that Jeff Bezos would consider buying the National Enquirer.","questions":"Which turn implies that National Enquirer had legal trouble related to Michael Cohen's investigation?","answer":"Enquirer"}
{"text":["You know, let's come back to the Large Hadron Collider because if you talk about things, if you talk about this theme, there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the other one that you know well is the prediction from string theory and similar theories that there are extra dimensions. And one of the ways to look for things like extra dimensions or shadow universes is to look for the leakage of material from our universe into their universe.","And let me use the LHC. One way to look for evidence of extra dimensions would be to carefully look at collisions that take place at the Large Hadron Collider and look for some of the energy to disappear. And what's interesting about that technique is when I put there's - when I say there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the top of my list would be neutrinos, and we now know neutrinos exist. We can't see them with the eye, but we can build detectors to detect them. And the original evidence for the neutrino was missing energy in beta decays that were observed in the early part of the last century and then poly-hypothesize this particle, the neutrino. And eventually, we built detectors that were sensitive enough. So this technique of looking for energy leaking out of our universe going elsewhere is a very powerful technique for looking for things that we can't see.","Michael Turner, a pleasure as always to come have you come on and explain this stuff to us. Thanks a lot, Michael.","Glad to be on."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : the speaker is discussing the possibility of extra dimensions and shadow universes, and how we can look for evidence of them at the Large Hadron Collider by observing the disappearance of energy. The actual meaning is not just about staying silent or not making noise, but rather exploring the concept of extra dimensions and the technique of observing energy leakage.","questions":"Which technique can be used to look for evidence of extra dimensions at the Large Hadron Collider?","answer":"Leakage"}
{"text":["That's where I went to school.","You went to Fremont?","I went to Fremont High School, I did.","Oh, my goodness. So, you know, East 14th is now called International Boulevard, and you lived in two very different worlds in that part of Oakland. Tell me a little bit about the best and worst of both sides.","Well, I lived my - after my parents divorced, my mother remarried a guy who made us be in that religion that rhymes with tehova's sitnesses (ph)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Confirming that the person went to Fremont High School.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's confirmation about going to Fremont High School?","answer":"You"}
{"text":["Duane, why don't you describe to us some of the work that you did with actual cases when you were at the California Department of Justice?I mean, what was your job, literally and physically?","Literally, I went to the scene of the crime. I was often the one who collected all the evidence. I also did photography of the crime scene. I did not do fingerprints. There was usually a technician who did that. Back at the laboratory, I would take all that evidence that I collected and inventoried, and I would begin a systematic investigation of that.","As an example, one case in the middle of my career was a triple homicide, and it was a great case from the physical-evidence standpoint. There was bullets. There was blood. There was saliva on cigarette butts. There was hair. There was soil. And I got to basically do it all. And what was really interesting is I presented all these evidence to the jury, laid out a scenario for the crime.","And during the time I was testifying, the defendant called his girlfriend and confessed the crime to her, and then threatened her with death if she ever talked. Well, five minutes later, she called the DA and told the DA about the confession. And she came in to testify at that point, and what she testified to was basically what I had testified to from the physical-evidence standpoint."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn \"Literally, I went to the scene of the crime\" is meant to be taken at face value as a statement about the speaker physically going to the location where a crime was committed. There is no figurative or non-literal meaning to this turn.","questions":"How did the defendant respond during the testimony of the physical-evidence standpoint?","answer":"Confessed"}
{"text":["My mother had a friend I called David in the essay. And he was a funny, charming man. And he always had clients around. He found them out of the state so they would live with him while they were going on auditions. And they seemed to have a lot of shirtless pictures of them around framed. That seemed to be the greatest bit of work that they did - were these shirtless pictures.","And each year, these boys would come and go, and they'd be between the ages of 12 and 16. And there was this feeling that my mother and I would sort of talk around. Is this weird?This is weird, right?No. No, it's David. It can't be weird. And I think there are a lot of people in Los Angeles dealing with that right now of people they have held in their heads where there's a little bit of a galvanic skin-crawly thing, but they also like this person.","Course, your article appeared as Anthony Rapp come forward with his charges against Kevin Spacey. Been a few more Kevin Spacey stories that have also come out since then. Without trying to judge the veracity of each and every story, what's the mix of ambition and vulnerability that makes child actors prey?","The same thing which puts women at risk in the business, which is economics. For children, there is a small window of opportunity in which a career is going to happen. You are not a child indefinitely. That makes people ripe for abuse."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"What's the mix of ambition and vulnerability that makes child actors prey?\" - The speaker is not actually asking for a mix of qualities that make child actors vulnerable, but rather pointing out that child actors are often vulnerable to abuse and questioning the underlying factors that contribute to this vulnerability.","questions":"How is the speaker questioning the vulnerability of child actors in the entertainment industry?","answer":"Questioning"}
{"text":["Fans of \"Judge Parker,\" a serial created in 1952 that follows the life of small-town judge Alan Parker and his family, will have noticed that Judge Parker's storyline has taken a hard turn. He is in prison and, as of the last strip, recovering from a brutal beating at the hands of other inmates when they found out that he was a judge. It's the latest twist in a plot that's turned the comic strip into a platform for educating readers about the troubling realities of prison life. It's a lot to take on in a few illustrated panels, so we've called up the writer of \"Judge Parker,\" Francesco Marciuliano. He took over the strip in 2016, and he's also the writer of \"Sally Forth,\" another popular syndicated comic.","Francesco Marciuliano, thanks so much for joining us.","Oh, thank you very much.","So we've spoken to you before. And I'm not going to get into all the details about why Judge Parker is in prison because it's a little crazy. But I'm just going to kind of summarize to say that he was, in a way, trapped. He thought he was doing the right thing, and this is what happened. And I just have to ask - you know, where did this come from?Where did you get the idea to follow this storyline?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Judge Parker's storyline has taken a hard turn due to his imprisonment, making the comic strip a platform to educate readers about prison life","questions":"How has Judge Parker's storyline changed?","answer":"judge"}
{"text":["Well, how did they react to you as a person?I mean, you're a glamorous Los Angelina, and so what did they think when you showed up?","I think that it's interesting, because I was in a program called Cross-cultural Solutions, where they send volunteers to different areas. I was the first African-American that had been at this school. So I think they were confused. I mean, and these people in the town, they were just like are you from Ghana?Or are you Yabo(ph)?Yabo is a foreigner, and most likely, more than usually, a white foreigner. But I had a couple of people call me Yabo.","But they would sort of ask like where are you from, and one of the program's administrators would have to explain, she's an ancestor of Africans, and then they would say, oh, okay. So it was definitely some confusing sort of looks that I got.","But the kids were - you know, kids are very, you know, easy to sort of get along with. These kids were, you know, absolutely adorable. They didn't understand what I was saying a lot of the time, but they really connected to me. I mean, I would bring bubbles and jumping ropes and stuff like that, stuff that they had never seen before. So, you know, I was quite popular at the school, I have to say. I mean, particularly with my bubbles, that brought even the junior-high-school kids out\u2026","Oh, I'm sure."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The subject is actually from Los Angeles where as the reply is regarding an African","questions":"How was the volunteer program called?","answer":"Cross-cultural-Solutions"}
{"text":["And not to make any comparisons, but I seem to recall that there was a time when J. Crew was a catalog retailer - didn't have any real stores. And now, of course, they've got plenty of them in addition to a very ambitious online retail site.","Absolutely. The way that I've thought about these Shopify stores is they're undoubtedly strange because they're new, but their model is fundamentally not that different from, like, a big corporate enterprise. It's just that the tools have democratized the ability for people to tap into the globalized economy. And so before, it took the idea of having a supply chain and having all these people who would know factory owners in China and all these other kinds of things - that took a lot of infrastructure.","What these tools have done is eliminate the need for all that infrastructure. And so now it's this alternative way into what is a real thing about our economy, which is that many, many of the goods that we all purchase are made in Asian factories and are sold to us at a very high markup from their production costs.","So where's the coat now, may I ask?","It's hanging up in my closet, kind of towards the back - in there with the things that are too small for me to fit into now (laughter). But I'll bring it out at some point, I'm sure. Everyone needs a coat like that, you know, maybe for gardening or something."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Many goods are made in Asian factories and sold to consumers at high markups.","questions":"What is the fundamental similarity between Shopify stores and big corporate enterprises?","answer":"Tools"}
{"text":["But with the war on women that we are experiencing all around us, the fear, and it's very real, is that when Roe falls, those enjoined provisions would rise like zombie laws and come into effect. So we really had to clean those out of our statutes and ensure that there's a firewall around Illinois that protects women's reproductive health here in Illinois.","The Reproductive Health Act says fertilized eggs, embryos and fetuses don't have independent rights. Now, opponents of abortion rights in Illinois and elsewhere, as you know, might look at this bill and say, where do you draw the line on when a fetus counts as a person, or do you?","Courts over the years have actually spoken directly to this. Without that provision, without that distinction, there is a risk that a fetus and a woman would be cast as adversaries from the very beginning of pregnancy. And so it's important that there be those protections so that a woman can carry out a pregnancy making her own independent health decisions, whether that is carrying a pregnancy to term or not. So that was one of the pieces that I think folks had trouble understanding.","When you say that this law is intended to create a firewall around the state, do you think that this is where things are headed - where certain states will allow access to abortions and other states simply won't?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : the war on women meaning that the government is trying to tell a woman what she can and cannot do with her body.","questions":"How does turn 0 define the \"war on women\"?","answer":"Government"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, I learned quite a bit. And the year that I worked at the maximum security federal penitentiary in Atlanta, one of my primary responsibilities was to administer an assessment called it the psychopathy checklist. And psychopathy is a clinical diagnosis for someone who has a natural criminal disposition, someone who receives gratification out of a variety of criminal and risky lifestyle behaviors. And my dissertation was looking at the psychometric properties - when I say psychometric properties, I mean whether or not this test is a fit test, if it's appropriate to use, if it gets the kind of information that we need it to get for a certain populations. And I did an assessment of this instrument on African-American male inmates.","And what prompted me to do that particular study was because the instrument that we were using, the Hare Psychopathy Checklist, was originally normed on a Canadian inmate population that had very few African-Americans in it. I guess no African-American as we think of them in the United States, and maybe some Afro-Canadians. And so - but it's widely use in the criminal justice system here in the United States. And so the risk with that, if you're giving assessment to African-Americans, but the norm reference is white Americans, then there are certain risks involve with that.","So you think that there can be a question of whether or not even how we think about these criminal justice issues is reflective of racial differences. But the whole idea of racial differences on any level has been one of the biggest bonfires of world culture, you know.","Right."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Hare Psychopathy Checklist might not be accurate for African-Americans","questions":"How might the Hare Psychopathy Checklist be inadequate for African-Americans?","answer":"Risk."}
{"text":["OK.","I was interrupting a story, which I hated to do, but I have to do. Go ahead. Go ahead. Please.","OK.  Back to the intrigue. So anyway, the Swedish prime minister told the scientists, you're wrong. It's submarines and he's planning to get up in public and start this big international incident. And the scientists said, go ahead. But if you do that, we're going to get up in public and tell people that, no, it's not submarines, it's herrings and it's herrings' farting. And so the prime minister backed down, never made the announcement. But I'm told by reporters in Sweden, that over the years, he's continued to tell people that it really is and was Russian submarines. And he's now the foreign minister of Sweden. So he's still in a position of power. Kind of interesting, huh?","Yeah. You know, I wonder if you can visually document, you know, the gas release of any of that stuff and come back with. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is telling a story about a Swedish prime minister who believed that the cause of a particular phenomenon was Russian submarines, while the scientists believed it was herrings farting. The story is likely fictional, and the implied meaning is that people in power may ignore scientific evidence and continue to promote their beliefs, even if they are not supported by facts.","questions":"Which position did the Swedish prime minister occupy later on in Sweden?","answer":"foreign"}
{"text":["Well, I mean, on the one hand, you had - the Manafort indictment does not mention Trump. And - but the guilty plea that was unsealed involving this other campaign adviser, George Papadopoulos, does mention Trump. And the greater sort of uncertainty surrounds that guilty plea at this moment because it is a signal that they already have testimony from this person, already have emails and other records showing the extensive contacts of this person with others in the Trump administration. They're basically saying we know more than you guys think we do.","George Papadopoulos - has he been wearing a wire?","That's a good question. I mean, I think it's fair to assume that Trump's lawyers are looking at that question very carefully.","Carter Page and Hope Hicks, according to reports, are going to be questioned. Carter Page has a history with and in Russia, doesn't he?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: Has George Papadopoulos been secretly recording conversations with others in the Trump administration?","questions":"How might Trump's lawyers be responding to the possibility of George Papadopoulos wearing a wire?","answer":"Secretly"}
{"text":["It's \"Someone Who Will Love You In All Your Damaged Glory. \"And I love that phrase, damaged glory, and it comes in the context of a story where a drunk woman slurs into the narrator's ear, you deserve someone who will love you and all your damaged glory. What does that phrase, damaged glory, mean to you?","What I like about it - what I think it invokes - or evokes. Does it invoke or evoke?","I think it evokes.","Yeah. What I think the phrase vokes (ph) and then you can edit in an en or an E."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase 'damaged glory' refers to someone's flaws and imperfections, which should be embraced and loved.","questions":"How would you describe the meaning of \"damaged glory\"?","answer":"Flaws"}
{"text":["And that's despite the fact that medics there say they need more supplies, they don't have what they need.","Well, again, we have a very long and porous border with eastern Congo. So knowing exactly where cases may come across is always a difficult thing to know. But we, the U. S.  government, as well as WHO and other partners, have been working very assiduously with the government of Uganda over the last 11 months while this outbreak has been going on in eastern Congo to help build their capacity. Supplies are always a challenge in terms of supply chain, moving things where they need to go. But we feel fairly comfortable that the ability to respond and respond quickly exists here in Uganda.","You mentioned this long and porous border. So the first case in Uganda was this 5-year-old boy who reportedly went to Congo, got the virus there then came back to Uganda with his grandmother, and they both passed. How are the borders being handled?Is security being stepped up?","Since the outbreak in DRC in August of last year, we have worked, along with other partners, with the government of Uganda, to establish screening along the border posts."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This implies that the lack of adequate medical supplies has been affecting the medics response to the virus.","questions":"How have the medical supplies affected the response to the virus in Congo?","answer":"Response"}
{"text":["How do we explain what happened here?","Well, this all started about 8 o'clock Pacific Time last night when this man, who, as you said, was believed to be an airline employee, stole a Horizon Airlines Q400 turboprop plane. This is a small, 80-passenger aircraft used for regional hops. He managed to take off from Sea-Tac Airport - a major airport. And he stayed airborne for about the next 60 to 90 minutes. During this time, North American Aerospace Defense Command, also known as NORAD, launched those two F-15 fighter jets from Portland, Ore. , to intercept the plane. As you heard, the man was in contact with air traffic control. They were trying to get him to land. And then just after 9 o'clock local time, the plane crashed on that small island, caught fire. NORAD says the F-15s did not fire upon the aircraft. And the man is presumed dead.","What do we know about him?","Not much. Alaska Airlines, the parent airline to Horizon Air, put out a statement saying it believes this man was a ground service agent employed by Horizon. They say that he took the plane from a maintenance position, which means that this was not a plane scheduled last night for passenger service. We don't know what motivated him to take the plane and do this. But during those communications with air traffic control, he did describe himself - and I'm quoting here - as \"a broken guy with a few screws loose. \"Those are his words."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The man who stole the plane had mental health issues.","questions":"What was the man's self-description during the communication with air traffic control?","answer":"guy"}
{"text":["But the increase in numbers, I mean, you're talking about going onto reefs and having hundreds to thousands times as many starfish on a reef as you normally would see, and that's a big difference.","Yeah, and you think of some of the runoff that might be coming onto the reef.","There's a lot of evidence that it is. The smoking gun hasn't been found yet, but there's a lot to think that the runoff may be contributing to this. We're definitely - the Australian data show that they're seeing more frequent outbreaks of these sea stars in recent decades, and they think that especially nutrients but other parts of runoff may be to blame.","If you can get them - get the die-off under control, how much of a recovery could we expect from the reef system?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Runoff may be contributing to the increase in starfish population.","questions":"How is the increase in starfish population related to the environment?","answer":"Environment"}
{"text":["It's necessary because of the drop in consumption.","When the government is spending over $150 billion on a stimulus bill like this, will that have a long run effect on how every person gets a check has to pay out their taxes in the future, has to deal with the realities of how much service the federal government can give in the future?I mean, will there be a sort of back-end re-tax for people who might get a cut in the short run?","I wouldn't put it that way. The problem is in the short run will people be much worse off and will they be able to recover from that?Because during a recession it's not unusual for families to lose two or three percent of their income. So the issue is do you want to lose that two or three percent because in the future you don't want to get a tiny tax increase to balance the budget.","So I think you have to think about what's the potential loss in income, which can be huge if we have a severe recession, or even a mild recession like the one we had in 2001."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"put it that way\" - This phrase is an idiom that means to express something in a different or less direct way. In this context, it implies that A disagrees with the way B phrased his question and wants to clarify the issue.","questions":"What is the idiom used by PersonA to express disagreement with PersonB's phrasing?","answer":"Idiom"}
{"text":["OK.",". . . It's a big question.","OK. So it does seem that it's been reported that the president's advisers are at odds. His national security adviser, John Bolton, is hawkish, seems very skeptical about any negotiations with Iran while the secretary of state, Mike Pompeo, seems to want to de-escalate the conflict. Now, obviously, everyone should be very careful about committing troops to any conflict, so let's just take that as a given. But how do you interpret what's going on in the administration around this very sensitive and consequential issue?Some would argue that these things should have been worked out by now.","Well, as far as any discussion with regards to the military option - and there are four instruments of national power, primarily - diplomacy, information, military, economics. It's the dying principle that we follow here as a nation. I believe and many others believe that the military option anywhere at any time should always be the absolute. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"It's the dying principle that we follow here as a nation.\" The phrase \"dying principle\" here does not refer to a principle that is in the process of dying or fading away, but rather to the fundamental principle that should always be followed, even in dire circumstances.","questions":"What principle should always be followed, even in dire circumstances?","answer":"Principle"}
{"text":["New York City's teeming millions prime target for an atomic attack go about their normal affairs.","Sixty years ago today, America took cover. Ten a. m.  Eastern Time, sirens sounded in 54 cities, including New York and Washington, D. C.  for Operation Alert, the nation's first civil defense drill. People were told to get to their nearest civil defense shelter. So bank clerks, factory workers, shopkeepers and store clerks went down into basements and subway tunnels. President Eisenhower took a helicopter to an undisclosed location. School kids did the duck and cover in their classrooms. The drill lasted about 10 minutes, and a newsreel at the time showed empty streets and silence.","All clear. New York's first civil defense drill is a tribute to its citizens and defense organizations.","The drill was proclaimed a success because people were calm, orderly and civil. But post-drill analysis estimated that 2 million people in New York would have died in a nuclear attack and 12 million across the country. The Cold War had chilling statistics. More public figures began to say, in President Kennedy's phrase, that in a nuclear war, the fruits of victory would be ashes in our mouth. Operation alerts were canceled after 1962."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of repetition or emphasis on certain words or phrases may indicate that they are trying to convey a particular message or make a specific point, or that they feel strongly about the topic at hand.","questions":"How did people respond to the civil defense drill in New York?","answer":"Calm"}
{"text":["Well, if it's $135 million cut this year, I can envision an entire university being closed.","Meaning having to shut an entire campus.","We have three universities in our system and 13 community colleges all across the state. And so 135 million would be one of our universities and all of our community campuses.","What else in the immediate term are you considering doing or are you already doing to comply with this budget cut?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : system refers to the reality and not a computer or a program ","questions":"Which reality?","answer":"Reality"}
{"text":["Now, the first Crohn's gene was cofounded here at the University of Chicago by one of my colleagues. And subsequently, multiple genes for Crohn's disease have been found, most of which have to do with how the body's immune system interacts with the bugs living in the gut.","This is SCIENCE FRIDAY, from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow, talking with Dr.  Russell Cohen. And so there's more than one gene involved, is what you're saying.","Well, yes, there are multiple genes, and there's been big breakthroughs in genetic discoveries with something called genome-wide association, GWAS. So now the genes are falling out of the sky at us every time a group does a big genetic study.","Falling out of the sky. They're - is it that easy to discover them, or are there are just so many you can't really narrow down the important ones?Or are they all important?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There are so many genes that it is difficult to determine which ones are important","questions":"Which factor makes it hard to determine important genes for Crohn's disease?","answer":"genes"}
{"text":["It takes a whole lot of land to produce meat. If you think about it this way, imagine around the globe all of the crop land out there - one-third of it is used to grow food not for people but for animals. It's animal feed. And when you combine the land needed to graze animals and feed them, this is just a whole lot. The World Resources Institute has estimated that for every gram of protein, producing beef can require 20 times the land and emit 20 times the emissions compared to what it takes to produce beans.","So are there certain types of meat that are better in terms of environmental footprint?Or basically is the suggestion that we should not be eating meat?","There are definitely better choices, and it does not have to be all or nothing. I just mentioned cows and other ruminants. They require a lot of land and feed. But they also release a lot of methane into the atmosphere. Every time these animals belch, a bit of methane goes up into the atmosphere. Methane is a very potent greenhouse gas.","So from an environmental perspective, options such as chicken and turkey can be better. It takes less animal feed to produce meat from these animals. They grow faster. They require less land. So when it comes to reducing the environmental footprint of your diet, you don't have to completely give up meat."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There are better meat choices to reduce environmental impact.","questions":"Which specific aspect of meat should be considered to reduce environmental impact?","answer":"Feed"}
{"text":["Possible charges and possible indictment for bribery in a number of cases - and yet, that's not - it's barely scratching the surface here in the headlines. Netanyahu is poised to have a very strong few weeks. He is meeting Secretary of State Pompeo this week in Jerusalem. He goes to Washington next week, expected to meet Trump. Brazil's new president is visiting just days before the elections, and all of this could boost Netanyahu's profile.","And of course, people are following violence in the West Bank and Gaza happening at the same time. What's happening there?","Yeah. Yesterday a Palestinian stabbed a soldier, stole his gun, commandeered a car and fired shots. An Israeli soldier and a rabbi were killed. Another soldier was badly wounded. And this comes a week after two Palestinians were killed by Israeli fire. And then in Gaza, we've been seeing some rare protests against Hamas, against tax hikes there. All of this is a reminder that even though there's been a relative period of calm here, there is continuing tension. And when violence erupts, it can impact how Israelis vote.","Do you notice intense interest in this election, Daniel?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Scratching the surface\" here implies that a topic or issue has only begun to be considered or addressed, and that the scope is much greater. It has nothing to do with actual scratching anything in the physical sense.","questions":"How does the phrase \"scratching the surface\" relate to the headlines?","answer":"Scope"}
{"text":["Eastern Congo may be the most dangerous place on Earth, and it's getting worse. A rebel army is moving on the biggest city, Goma. Hundreds of thousands of people are running for their lives. This is the region of infamous ethnic killing between the many people who call themselves Hutus and the far fewer Tutsi.","Hez Holland is a correspondent with Reuters. He's been reporting from Goma. He joins us now. Hez, welcome. And remind us, this is also a region of enormous wealth - timber and minerals. People have been fighting over it for a long time.","At least. It's historically been a curse, what with the mineral wealth and, as you said, the timber, has been something that has been fought over for - since the Belgians. It's always been a place where minerals have been extracted and exploited, and the people have always been just pawns in the great game of any kind of colonial power, really.","Well, now, there's this rebel group led by a man named General Nkunda. He is a former Congolese general. And it is moving on the city of Goma. What are you seeing there now?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Eastern Congo is a dangerous place due to rebel armies and ethnic killings","questions":"What is the reason for the rebel army moving towards Goma in Eastern Congo?","answer":"Rebel"}
{"text":["It could be. But there is nowhere for the new justices, the Trump justices, Brett Kavanaugh and Neil Gorsuch, to hide. They're going to have to say more than they said at their confirmation hearings, and that's why it's critical. And it is likely that both of them differ from the swing justice of the last 15 years, Anthony Kennedy.","So DACA is another controversial issue. In November, the court's also going to consider whether President Trump can end the DACA program that shields immigrants brought to the United States as children from deportation. It's my understanding that the court isn't going to rule on whether the law itself is legal. So what's the issue here?","The issue is executive power. The issue is to what extent the Trump administration could reverse the executive action taken by Barack Obama and whether the Trump administration followed the correct procedures. So it will be read by the public as a key ruling on a Trump policy. And therefore, it's important.","And so finally, let's turn our focus to the coming week. The court is going to hear three cases related to workplace discrimination on Tuesday. And basically, the question for the court is whether the Civil Rights Act applies to gay and transgender people in the workplace. Is that the crux of the issue?","Correct. And it's a question of statutory construction - whether Title VII, passed decades ago by Congress to apply to discrimination based on sex, should also be read to apply to sexual orientation. This is the first time several of these justices are going to weigh in on gay rights."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The justices can not avoid being questioned and they are different from the justice who sided with both political parties.","questions":"Which justice is different from the swing justice of the last 15 years?","answer":"Kavanaugh"}
{"text":["Well, she's made her mission here to expand or improve transparency and ethical reform in the state government. As you likely know, Alaska has been just shaken by corruption scandals for the past couple of years. The FBI has been investigating state legislators, three of them are in jail for bribery now, more maybe coming.","So she sort of arrived on the scene in the middle of all of that, and push for new ethics rule in the legislature and her - one of her biggest goals in office is to get a big new natural gas pipeline. Something along the lines of the old Alaska oil pipeline, built so that Alaska can ship out it's natural gas.","But she wants that done in a more transparent fashion. She says she wants more outside energy companies coming and bidding on that. As oppose to sort of, deals struck among the elite, as she would say, you know, the old governor was accused by her of cutting a deal with the oil companies that just wasn't too favorable to Alaska, or so she said at the time, in terms of oil production taxes. So, she wants all of that to have a lot of more sunlight.","Well, speaking of sunlight, she's facing an ethics investigation of her own, is she not?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The conversation has shifted from talking about Sarah Palin to talking about her ethics investigation.","questions":"Which investigation is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Her"}
{"text":["What would be risky about it, from the Nicolas Maduro point of view?","Well, there'd certainly be retaliatory measures from the U. S. , very likely more sanctions. There would be a massive outcry from Guaido's dozens of other international allies. The EU's warned that this would be a major escalation in tensions. And there'll be a lot of anger from the multitude of Guaido's supporters here in Venezuela.","Guaido himself says that any attempt by Maduro's government to detain him would be - as he put it - without doubt, one of that government's last mistakes. So we don't know, Steve. I mean, it's not clear that Maduro's concluded that he's in a strong enough position to do this. But it is a possibility.","And I guess we don't know if Guaido intends to go to a border crossing and present his passport or if he intends to sneak in some way. Is it known what path he plans to take?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning is discussing the possibility of Maduro's government detaining Guaido, but the implied meaning is that Guaido is confident in his own safety and that Maduro's government is unstable.","questions":"What is the possible outcome of Maduro's government detaining Guaido?","answer":"Downfall"}
{"text":["Well, that's right. There's obviously not a lot of nuance that can be conveyed in either a four-page letter or a 140-character tweet. And President Trump has been very clear in trying to establish a political narrative around what the attorney general has characterized as the findings in the report. So the question is, is there anything that's going to change, essentially, the political point of view surrounding this report that we're going to learn?Or, essentially, has the news cycle moved on?","Remember, President Trump has had such a consistent approval and disapproval rating. Basically, people's minds are made up about the president. And so I think, from the point of view of Washington and politics, one big question - is there anything in this report - any fact, any conclusion, any information - that offers the possibility of changing the minds of the very few people whose minds are still available to be changed about the president?","Right. I mean, did poll numbers tell us anything even when the summary first came out?We've had, you know, some time since then.","Well, that's right. I mean, look. Consistently, surveys have shown that people in both parties want the report released. It took a little bit of time, but you have seen Republicans migrating around to the narrative that the president has offered for them that, in fact, this report does offer exoneration and vindication. But interestingly, the president himself appears to be somewhat more nervous and concerned about what is actually in this report than he was initially."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The President is worried about the contents of the report despite claiming exoneration and vindication.","questions":"Which person appears to be nervous about the report's contents?","answer":"President."}
{"text":["And the question has to be raised. With his support - outspoken support - for Vladimir Putin, for Kim Jong Un, for President Duterte - forgive me - the president of the Philippines - not working well today - does the president send the message that dictators can do as they please?","The president - let's be frank - came to power promising to disrupt official Washington and the way things have been done, including in terms of our relationships with just about every other country. And that is a promise on which the president has delivered. And his base voters are delighted with it, even if it gives pause to members of Congress and people in the media and other observers.","Ron Elving, thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president's disruptive foreign policy is popular among his base but concerning to others.","questions":"Which policy is concerning to others but popular among the president's base?","answer":"Foreignpolicy"}
{"text":["Yes, I do. And one of the ways it could be would be to have more women in the House and in the Senate. We saw back in the early 1990s after the Justice Clarence Thomas controversy, Anita Hill's allegations - led a lot of women to say, why weren't there more women on that committee passing judgment on Anita Hill's accusations?- because there was not a single one. They were all men. And why can't we have more representation for our gender when we are, after all, half the population?","That led to the so-called Year of the Woman - 1992 - in which a record number of senators who were women were elected and a large new number in the House. And that we have seen somewhat rise and continue to rise. And the number of women who are in the Senate today is the highest it's ever been, but it's still a minor fraction. And it's still a minor fraction in the House. And as women become more politically active, they become more politically attuned - they are seeing these things, and they are realizing that they need to be represented in Congress to have full power and full equality in this society.","NPR's Ron Elving, thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : And as women become more politically active, they become more politically attuned - they are seeing these things, and they are realizing that they need to be represented in Congress to have full power and full equality in this society.\"  In these turns, the speakers are implying that there is a need for increased representation of women in Congress in order to achieve gender equality and address the underrepresentation of women in positions of power. The literal meanings of the statements may focus on the numbers or demographics, but the implied meaning goes beyond that to highlight the importance of equal representation and the pursuit of gender equality.","questions":"How do women become more politically attuned?","answer":"Active"}
{"text":["Underserved communities are neglected from the outside in. You know, we're talking about citizenry that have demonstrated a love for their community, have demonstrated a loyalty to the community and city as a whole, and they are the heart and soul of culture and cuisine for so many decades in New Orleans. And to let that go, means we've lost perspective of what is truly important in the society, and that's the root of what our culture is all about, you know, the intersection between people and life itself. And when we lose the priority of that, then we've lost our way as a city. And so the 9th Ward is emblematic of that. While a lot of the city is thriving, until the 9th Ward comes back, we won't be whole, and that's why we believe we should be there as a company.","A grocery store is not everything a neighborhood needs, but it is one of the things a neighborhood needs.","Mm-hmm.","Do you hope that, alongside the growth of Sterling Farms, will come those other necessities - a better school system, the infrastructure elements of sewage and power and water - everything that the people need to get their community going again?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the heart and soul of culture and cuisine\" In this turn, the phrase \"heart and soul\" is used metaphorically to refer to the essential and central aspects of culture and cuisine. It does not imply the literal physical organ of the heart or soul.","questions":"How is the phrase \"heart and soul\" used in turn 0?","answer":"Metaphorically"}
{"text":["It does.","It worked out.","So, first of all, just - as you said, you're just coming back from this conference. Could you just give me - just overall, what are you hearing from your colleagues, particularly your former colleagues in the courts, about how this system is functioning now?How do they experience this backlog?Is it this unending flow of cases that they can't do anything with?Or - how are they experiencing this?","Yeah. You know, the American Bar Association just put out a report on the immigration courts recently in which they said it's a dysfunctional system on the verge of collapse. And that was, basically, agreed to by everybody at the conference, including sitting immigration judges. What the judges have said is that the new judges being hired are pretty much being told in their training that they're not really judges, that instead, they should view themselves as loyal employees of the attorney general and of the executive branch of government. They are basically being trained to deny cases not to fairly consider them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This statement implies that that judiciary is not independent of the executive branch of government,","questions":"What does the training of new judges entail?","answer":"Deny"}
{"text":["Well, it's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you.","Can you recreate for us in a sense, like our town does, a summer day at that house you loved?","Basically, people woke up as early as they could, as close to dawn. Everyone was kind of on their own once the kids got older and could take care of themselves to fix something for breakfast and start the day however they wanted as long as they were busy.","There was no television, barely a radio. And it would be tuned into very infrequently, generally when the Red Sox were playing. And all you got were scratchy sounds anyway. People were left to just, I guess, invite the outdoors into their hearts and their souls."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - Implied meaning: People were encouraged to enjoy the outdoors and take in the beauty of nature","questions":"What were people left to invite into their hearts and souls?","answer":"Nature"}
{"text":["Remember, David, the lead FBI agent assigned to this probe started a new job in Virginia this month. And other lawyers have been moving off the team, too. But Andrew Weissmann was, in some ways, aside from Robert Mueller, the most well-known. He's been attacked by conservative talk radio hosts. And he was called a killer by Steve Bannon, one of Trump's former advisers, who also called him the LeBron James of money laundering investigations.","The thinking being that, I mean, once the important work is done, you're going to let your investigators move on, even if you're putting the finishing touches on the report or whatever is happening.","That's exactly right. And we're seeing more high-level departures by the day.","So the prosecutor you're talking about, Andrew Weissmann, I mean, really played a central role in the case against Paul Manafort. And we're seeing a lot of news in that case over the past 24 hours with the sentencing. What exactly is happening?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meaning is that investigators are typically moved off a case once their important work is done, even if there are still finishing touches to be made. This is different from the literal meaning which is simply a statement about the movement of investigators.","questions":"Which aspect of investigator's work determines their movement off a case?","answer":"Important"}
{"text":["Southern Africa is reeling from a massive cyclone that hit more than a week ago. Some 700 people are reported dead across the region. But that toll is expected to rise. The scene has been described as apocalyptic, with hundreds of thousands of people affected in four countries. Massive flooding has hit Mozambique the hardest, and that is where Rik Goverde of Save the Children is. He joins us from Maputo via Skype. Welcome to the program.","Thank you. Hi.","Can you tell me what the scene is like there on the ground?","Well, the scene is as you described. It is catastrophic. Imagine that there's an inland sea now where there used to be land. People were sitting on roofs, in trees trying to escape the water. But they had nowhere to go. And helicopters are still flying to get them out of there, to get them to dry and - well, not dry - but mainland."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The phrase, \"on the ground\" implies being in a place or situation where something important is happening, rather than somewhere else. ","questions":"What does the phrase \"on the ground\" imply?","answer":"there"}
{"text":["Yeah. It's the fastest and oldest field game in the world, as far as we're concerned, and the only sport that I can really compare to - and you've alluded to it yourself - would be lacrosse. And to American viewers or listeners, sometimes I try and explain it as ice hockey on grass except for the ball leaves the ground and travels at speeds of up to 140 kilometers an hour. It's extremely brave. They wear minimal padding. And it's a full-contact sport.","And tell us about the hurling stick because I've seen those. They're - if I may - to an American audience, they look a little bit like something you'd use to handle a pizza in a brick oven.","(Laughter) I've been told they look like a large spoon. It's a coral-shaped (ph) stick. And at the end of the - at the bottom, it's called a bas where you strike the ball. The ball is made of leather. And it's called a sliotar. The hurley's supposed to reach from your foot up to your hip and is generally about 33, 34 inches for a grown adult.","Do you think that hurling expresses some intrinsic aspect of the Irish spirit?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Comparing hurling to ice hockey on grass is a better way to explain it to American viewers than saying it's the fastest and oldest field game in the world","questions":"How does the speaker describe the ball in hurling?","answer":"leather"}
{"text":["It probably depends on what chapter you're reading at the time. It's probably all of those things!I don't know who decides what goes into what box or what bin or what shelf, you know. For me, it's just about finding a character, finding a story, following, I guess, my heart at what I'm working on at the moment. And it just kind of falls, you know, wherever it may out there after that, you know.","There's been a lot of attention to the whole idea of street lit. And Zane, who's an erotica writer, extremely popular, sells a ton of books. A lot of people are like, well, she just can't write, but there's a lot of sex in it. And there's also a question that some people have raised about whether or not it is good for the race to have books that are explicit about black sexuality out there. So. . .","What race?The human race?","The black race. The black race. And so I bring this up because so often when people, you know, just as you mentioned, the distinctions between the way some people will look at female sexuality and male sexuality and what it's like to have a track record and whether that makes you a bad person. You know, people also look at these distinctions by race and say, oh well, black people are oversexed. That's some people stereotyping. Are you ever afraid that by doing work like this that you're, you know, I don't know, playing into a stereotype?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is worried that their work may contribute to the stereotype that black people are oversexualized.","questions":"How is the speaker worried about their work?","answer":"Contributing"}
{"text":["I think the major difference from the time you were here is that then we were experiencing shortages, but as we speak right now, there is nothing on the shops here. People also surviving on imports, that is the food that people are surviving on is direct imports by the citizens themselves from South Africa from Botswana. And most of the families that are also surviving from their kid's work - seeking economic refugee in those countries and give them to (unintelligible) of Africa. Pay taxes affected the livelihoods of the people involved. As we speak especially with the finding of food distribution by NGOs, we will Zimbabwe is heading towards Somalia. People starve of hunger. There's no food for people to buy even in the stores, that means that people don't have money, but if they had money there is nothing to buy.","Do you plan to vote even though the MDC has dropped out on Friday?","Well, voting on Friday means I'll be legitimizing an illegitimate process. I'll be saying what, even if I don't want from Mugabe, but the outcome of that election will be a reflection of the people in Zimbabwe.","Are you hopeful that someone, I mean the U. N.  Security Council has heard arguments from the U. S.  and Britain, different countries and coalitions of African leaders have tried to make statements, but statements have not so far changed things. What would help?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite the presence of goods in shops, people are still starving due to lack of money and high taxes.","questions":"How are people surviving?","answer":"IMPORTS"}
{"text":["An so he went from - on Sunday on his Facebook page saying, well, I misspoke. I got the wording wrong, which is something he repeated again today.","Yeah. Well, that plus. He's gotten just increasingly - because as the pressure has mounted - and it's been fascinating to watch the responses from the congressmen, from the Republican Party, from Governor Romney and his running mate. As the public outrage on this has mounted, their apologies have become increasingly full-throated so that, as you mentioned, the congressman started out with I misspoke, like that's a little bit of a bizarre concept. Misspeak is when you accidentally picked the wrong word or say President Clinton when you meant President Obama. This was not misspeaking. As I wrote, this was mis-thinking.","And then similarly, you saw Governor Romney. His campaign several hours after this broke managed to choke out a press release comment saying that the governor and Congressman Ryan disagree with this view. And by morning, disagreement had become finding it offensive and unacceptable. So it's sort of a classic political story of how candidates follow the public polls.","And his colleagues - his would-be colleagues in the United States Senate, basically, as you said, throwing him under the bus."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : very enjoy am very nice feelvery enjoy am very nice feel","questions":"What did PersonA write about the congressman's statement?","answer":"Mis-thinking"}
{"text":["Some folks get a little bit cranky about having to work on the holiday. It's a day that, you know, most of us spend with our family and friends. How do you feel about working on a day that most people get off?","Folks that work in NASA have a common bond of a real passion for the space program. So, we wouldn't be here if we didn't have that. And obviously, we'd like to be with our families, but if we can't be there, then the next best place to be is working on a space mission.","So, you know, we've been doing a space station for 10 years straight, and there's been someone here every year for every holiday. And beyond holidays even, you know, one of the crew members on board is having their wedding anniversary just yesterday, and tomorrow's one of the birthdays of one of the flight directors working the flight.","So, we all kind of take care and bond together and take care of each other. And we're having a Thanksgiving dinner here that management's all bringing in for the flight controllers that are working, and we try to shift people out so that, you know, there's three shifts so that people do get some time at home."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : cranky refers they're unwell or weak and not related to a shaft ","questions":"Which word describes how \"cranky\" is being referred to in turn 0?","answer":"Unwell"}
{"text":["Well, we think that the individual insurance markets need to be stabilized. There needs to be certainty. Right now, the insurance companies are putting together their plans for rating the 2018 insurance products, and they have no certainty from Congress regarding the support for insurance premiums for lower income people. Without knowing those, they don't know how to price their policies, and they're going to price them very high. So the bit - that's the biggest thing that needs to be addressed right now.","Dr.  Gurman, I move to ask you a question, both as a physician with a practice and the head of the AMA, how much time do you have to spend on matters that have nothing to do with medicine?","Well, unfortunately, a lot. We know from doing detailed studies where we actually follow doctors and minute to minute with a stopwatch find out what they're doing. The doctors are spending less than half of their time actually taking care of patients. So it's a big problem.","And how would you reduce that bureaucracy, though?Because, you know, bureaucracies run on (laughter) run on a paper trail in a sense."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) A: The speaker implies that the lack of certainty from Congress regarding support for insurance premiums for lower income people is causing instability in the individual insurance markets, which is leading insurance companies to price their policies very high.","questions":"How are insurance companies pricing their policies for 2018?","answer":"high"}
{"text":["I mean, that's something that I wouldn't say I'm worried about, but it's definitely something that I'm thoughtfully considering, as well as I know my colleagues will be.","So how do you protect against that risk?","I do feel like that fear is overstated when it comes to the IPO tax. No. 1 - it's a very small tax. We're talking about 1. 5% on the immense wealth that'll be flowing in when these companies go public. I'm very interested in ensuring that we have a balanced economy here in San Francisco that includes a tech sector but also supports other sectors that haven't benefited from the same tax breaks.","Now, San Francisco is a city where a family of four earning $117,000 a year qualifies as low-income, according to the Department of Housing and Urban Development."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Explaining that the fear related to the IPO tax is overstated and that a balanced economy including other sectors should be supported","questions":"How does PersonA believe the IPO tax fear is?","answer":"Overstated"}
{"text":["And eventually they found that the virus abided in giant fruit bats, a couple different species of giant fruit bat that were native to that part of Australia. The fruit bats had been roosting in trees, fig trees, eating figs and dropping pulp, dropping their feces and urine onto the grass beneath, and one of the horses had been staying in a pasture out there by those fig trees, had gone into the shade under the tree, had eaten the grass, picked up the virus, and then when she was brought back to the stable with the rest of her fellow horses, she passed the disease on to them, and they passed it on to the humans.","So it was spillover from a bat into horses. The horses became sort of amplifier hosts of the virus, and it spilled onward from them into humans. The mortality rate of that disease is around 50 percent.","And where is it now?I mean, has it popped up again since you wrote about it?","It has popped up, but like some of these diseases, it pops up, and there's an outbreak, a local outbreak, and the case of Hendra usually infects no more than one or two humans, might kill one out of two. In some of the other cases, like Ebola virus in Central Africa, it might kill a dozen or a few dozen people. There's been an outbreak going on in the Democratic Republic of the Congo this summer."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The mortality rate of the disease is high and it has caused outbreaks in the past.","questions":"How many people has the disease killed during outbreaks?","answer":"50"}
{"text":["Yeah. Did Joan love Ray, really?","You know, it's easy to think that perhaps she married him because of his money. But it's been hard to sort of root out exactly what she felt. What she said in interviews a number of times was very circumspect - what is love?But I do know that people who knew them both say that it was a long passion - that it wasn't just as simple as a beautiful, young woman running off with a rich man. Certainly, you know, the facts bear that out. It took them so long to get together, and there was a huge price to be paid with both their families.","She really made a difference in the way we think of and treat addiction, didn't she?","Oh, she did, and in such an interesting time. In the '70s, even before Betty Ford had famously stepped forward and talked about her struggles, Joan was convening people who were early thinkers in how to treat people differently. You know, AA had been around, of course, for decades. But there was a movement in the '70s to get people to look at the whole person with alcoholism. And Joan was really passionate about getting the word out."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"Joan was really passionate about getting the word out\" - Implied meaning: Joan was determined to spread awareness of the new way to treat people with addiction.","questions":"What was Joan's passion?","answer":"Addiction"}
{"text":["Now, when we look at this, what they're doing, there was a - you know, in some ways perhaps a minor incident, but a telling one where the British publication, the Telegraph, reported online that the G8 leaders enjoyed a six course lunch followed by an eight course dinner. African leaders were not invited and of course they're talking about the global hunger situation. There was a lot of static about that. Do you think that, that was symbolic in any way or just, you know, big time world business as usual?","Well, Farai now you're going to draw the cynical side out of me. This was an incredibly stupid, careless move, by the G8 leaders where they basically seemed to have thought off camera they could do whatever they wanted to. And they demonstrated, for all to see, the contempt actually that they have towards the rest of the world.","That they basically - they see themselves, as in effect, the rulers of this planet. So, when they're on camera there'll be the tears, there'll be the concern. Off camera you saw this hideous example of consumption.","What do you think the G8 leaders should be doing in terms of an Africa agenda?I'm going to get to a couple of specific things, specific national issues of Zimbabwe and Nigeria in a second."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : G8 leaders are contemptuous of the rest of the world and think of themselves as the rulers of the planet.","questions":"How did the G8 leaders demonstrate their contempt towards the rest of the world?","answer":"Consumption"}
{"text":["Well, I think the water infrastructure we have in this country is seriously neglected. I mean, all infrastructure acts as a foundation for economic prosperity, but water is especially important. It does live in this different world where it's so intrinsic and folks expect that we're going to have clean, fresh water any time you turn on the tap. But given the fact that it's buried, it's literally underground, it's easy to ignore. And while we have large infrastructure problems in this country, the water infrastructure problems loom particularly large.","So we don't see them, perhaps even can't taste them. It's not until they - well, that just makes it easier for problems to hide in a sense.","Exactly. And some of these systems are, you know, were built 100 years ago. Some of the pipes are made out of wood. Some of them were built in the time when metropolitan areas were expanding and decentralizing. And just - we just need to reinvest in these existing systems. But because we don't do a good job in this country investing in the infrastructure that's already built - we do a good job building new stuff - we don't do a good job taking care of what's on the ground. Things like water infrastructure are seriously neglected.","I don't think any city likes to hear - but you have to spend more money."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The invisibility and tastelessness of water problems make it easier for them to go unnoticed and unaddressed, leading to potential risks to public health and safety.","questions":"How do water problems go unnoticed?","answer":"Unnoticed"}
{"text":["Dual loyalty is something that relates to the potential conflict between clinicians' duties to their patients and their obligations to their employers. When these organizations have sometimes questionable tasks to fulfill, that becomes a very, very serious almost ethical minefield, I would say.","You and I have both been to immigration detention centers. What do you imagine the work will be like?","Well, I think when you talk about any correctional facility, especially immigration detention centers, there are a couple of hats that one has to wear. One is to take care of routine medical issues - so somebody has a headache, somebody has an infection, is vomiting. But also, we're talking about people who are coming with immense trauma, people who may have injuries, people who have suffered from violence. You need to address that in some ways. There's also making sure that there's no spread of contagious diseases, that people are being nourished well. So it's a very big job.","Isn't it important to have the best medical personnel possible in those facilities?Wouldn't you want somebody extremely qualified to be hired for a job like this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"almost ethical minefield\" implies a morally controversial topic","questions":"What is the potential conflict between clinicians' duties?","answer":"Dual"}
{"text":["NPR's Sylvia Poggioli says the showdown speaks to deeper tensions between populists and liberals, tensions we've seen playing out across Europe. And Sylvia joins me now from Rome. Hey, there.","Hi, there.","So tell us exactly what has unfolded here. This all began back on June 12.","That's right. That's when the captain of the NGO ship Sea-Watch, 31-year-old Carola Rackete, and her crew rescued 53 migrants off the coast of Libya. They decided to head for the closest safe port, which is the Italian island of Lampedusa. But Italy's populist Interior Minister Matteo Salvini has introduced a controversial security decree that bans NGO migrant ships from entering Italian ports. He claims they essentially are in cahoots with human traffickers. But after two weeks on the high seas, the standoff continued.","And just to be clear, Sylvia, they were just circling in the waters out there for two weeks, trying to figure out what to do next."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They are trying to ask what happen in Europe ","questions":"What began on June 12?","answer":"showdown"}
{"text":["I suspect that more than a wee dram has been ingested in Scotland, particularly over the past few months, between people grousing about being under the thumb of London and the U. K. In the end, did a lot of Scots decide they kind of like the English?","I really don't think this is a kind of loving of Britain. I think that we had a double negative affect here rather than a positive embrace of what's British. It was more to do with a fear of how we might mess up if we go it alone, I think. There is just something within the Scottish psyche, I think. It's fairly confrontational, the psychology of the Scots. We tend to not wholeheartedly embrace something and say, you know, oh God, we love being British or we love you or, you know, we'll say, ah, you're not bad. You know, that's a very Scottish expression. I think that's what we've done with England and the rest of the U. K.  You know what; it's not that bad rather than suddenly discovering our Britishness.","Ewan Morrison, author and screenwriter, author of \"Tales From The Mall,\" joining us from Glasgow, Scotland - still the U. K. Thanks very much for being with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Thank you for having me.\" - The actual meaning is figurative, as the speaker is not physically being \"had\" or possessed by the host, but rather expressing gratitude for the opportunity to participate in the conversation.","questions":"How did the speaker express gratitude?","answer":"Thank"}
{"text":["How was that?","Well, it was astonishing. I think that the grown-ups around us were much too confused themselves to be able to sort of sit down and tell us that when they said that television sets belong to Satan, maybe they hadn't been right. Suddenly, we've got a television set in our house. Suddenly, we've got a radio. . .","Oh, boy.",". . . (Laughter) In our house. And suddenly, we're being taken to go and see \"Gone With The Wind\" in the cinema."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) - The speaker is expressing surprise and disbelief at the changes that have taken place in the household. ","questions":"How would you describe the PersonA's reaction in turn 3?","answer":"Astonishing"}
{"text":["The New York Mets lost 7 to 1 to the Milwaukee Brewers on Wednesday, but the real loser was their mascot, Mr.  Met. Mr.  Met has a huge white baseball of a head dappled with red stitching and embellished with a perpetual grin.","But as he left the playing field Wednesday night, Mr.  Met flipped a middle finger to a group of fans who posted it on Twitter - busted, Mr.  Met. The club apologized, and the team employee in the Mr.  Met costume that night has reportedly not returned. There were reports that fans heckled him, which fans deny.","The Mr.  Mets middle finger controversy poses a physical and philosophical question. Mr.  Met has four fingers on each hand. How can you say that any of them is a middle finger?Anyway, flipping the bird in New York, isn't that just how they say good morning in Queens?","(Singing) Well, everybody's heard about the bird - bird, bird, bird, the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, don't you know about the bird?Well, everybody knows that the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, the bird's the word. . ."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of the statement is that Mr. Met's middle finger controversy is a reflection of the fact that in New York, flipping the bird is seen as a normal way of greeting someone.","questions":"How is flipping the bird perceived in New York?","answer":"Normal"}
{"text":["And it changed your behavior with your friends and family, right?","Oh, absolutely. I became alienated from most of my friends and everything because I wasn't there for them or with them. They had out to social events and things, my social event was to get to the casino as quickly as I could in order to gain money.","And what did it do to your marriage?","Well, I got a divorce. I ended up in divorce. I ended up with my wife getting everything plus the kids. And basically, I was out in the streets trying to survive."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A's gambling addiction affected his marriage to the point of getting a divorce","questions":"Which aspect of PersonA's life suffered the most due to his gambling addiction?","answer":"Marriage"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . To (unintelligible).","Correct.","So what has changed since then?What has happened now?What's causing these federal charges to be brought now?","I think, you know, a big part of this is, one, the #MeToo movement, but two, a bigger part of this is the Miami Herald's three-part series late last year that sort of got everybody interested in this, including the Daily Beast - and we've been working on this now for a year - that highlighted, one, the non-prosecution agreement, why these girls weren't given their day in court - essentially made the U. S.  Justice Department look bad."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The #MeToo movement, as well as the Miami Herald's series, have caused the U.S. Justice Department to re-examine their handling of the case and brought about the federal charges.","questions":"Which movement sparked the re-examination of the U.S. Justice Department's handling of the case?","answer":"Miami"}
{"text":["What in this agreement makes it better in your perspective?Because you did say that there was something in it that was, so tell me one thing.","There are. The labor chapter itself is better. However, if you can't enforce the labor chapter, it is meaningless. And so we're trying to get the enforcement on three different levels that I outlined earlier.","So what's your message to Democrats here?I mean, the issue is, so far, the administration has been trying to work with the Democrats. I mean, the trade chief, for example, the U. S.  trade representative, Robert Lighthizer, has been working with Democrats to hear their concerns about it. I mean, and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has appointed nine House Democrats to committees to negotiate these sort of - these changes.","But there is this some sense that, you know, the administration - others in the administration would like to fast-track it. There is a mechanism for doing that. I mean, do you have a specific message to Democrats?Because, as you know, with such a large - particularly with such a large presidential field, you've got all kinds of different opinions about international trade in that group. Do you know what I mean?So do you have a specific message to them about how to - you would like to see them proceed?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : What is your message to Democrats about how to proceed with negotiating the trade agreement?","questions":"How is the labor chapter in the agreement?","answer":"Better"}
{"text":["No, that felt great. Did it make up?I can't go back to my life pre-June 1, 2017, where I'm getting smeared. And as a Muslim, being attacked with the worst anti-Muslim trope you can say is that I'm a Muslim and I'm a terrorist. So it was very painful. It was painful to have friends and family express concerns. It was painful to contact security at Daily Beast and my radio channel to say, hey, we might be visited by white supremacists coming to kill me. And they might kill innocent people I work with. That was all horrible.","But through this all, I've never once questioned doing this. This is the right thing to do. It's the thing we have to do. And I'm happy we got the judgment. And we're going to continue. And I hope it inspires others and gives them a roadmap to say, don't be silent. There are lawyers who will represent you - I'm not kidding - free of charge for this kind of work to make it clear that we're not going to cower from these people. We're going to sue them. We're going to win. We're going to get their money.","That's Dean Obeidallah. He's the host of \"The Dean Obeidallah Show\" on Sirius XM. He's a columnist for The Daily Beast. And he's a comedian and a former lawyer. Dean, thanks so much for talking to us.","Thanks for having me on, Michel. I appreciate it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being called a Muslim terrorist is hurtful and dangerous.","questions":"Which anti-Muslim trope was used against the person in turn 0?","answer":"Muslim"}
{"text":["Well, it's definitely run by individual nations but individual nations with their systems tied together. And that happens both geographically but also temporally. You know, one of the key tools for observations that feed the weather models are the polar-orbiting satellites. It's so well-integrated that the European polar orbiters cover the earth in each local time's morning, and the American orbiters come in the afternoon.","I mean, that's a sort of pattern that has been essential to making sure that, you know, we have the latest observations from every part of the earth's atmosphere. It's about this sort of continually humming system to step forward in time and correct slightly and, you know, keep spitting out a changing forecast that hopefully gets better and better.","And so up until now, it's been governments that have been obviously calculating the weather for the greater good. But you call privatization a major threat to weather forecasting. Explain.","Yes, it's a 150-year-old system of governments collaborating with each other as a global public good. You know, in the '60s, it was something that President Kennedy saw as a sort of counterpoint to the space race. You know, meteorology was a way that governments could collaborate. But more recently, we potentially have a kind of bifurcation. You know, we potentially have forecasts for the haves and forecasts for the have-nots."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The weather models obtain information from the satellites.","questions":"Which instruments provide observations for the weather models?","answer":"Satellites"}
{"text":["Part of the problem is that you obviously need to deal with the security issues. But at the same time, that doesn't mean you put the human rights issues into the background. You can also raise human rights issues as you raise these security issues. You have to be able to walk and chew gum if you're going to practice international relations.","Yeah. You met North Korea's top nuclear negotiator in 2011. How did that go?I mean, how did you balance those concerns?","Well, the primary person I was - the reason that I was in North Korea at the time was to talk about the possibility of United States humanitarian assistance. North Koreans made a request. We were looking at the possibility of doing that. And our negotiations focused on that. On the other hand, there were meetings that we had and also time that we had after meetings or in connection with dinners and that kind of thing to raise human rights questions. You know, you don't start out by blasting them with the worst thing you can find. But there are ways that you can press them and push them and encourage them to accept the idea that human rights actually improves the standing of the regime if people like the government.","This administration eliminated the job you held. Do you think that matters?I mean, do you think this administration will even broach the issue of human rights?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Blasting was done in the metaphorical sense, ie blasting them with words. There was no actual shooting. ","questions":"What did the negotiations in North Korea primarily focus on?","answer":"Words"}
{"text":["What makes a great building?","Well, what makes a great tall building is a building that stands out from the normal run of the mill stuff which is - which makes up most of the tall buildings that are being built in cities around the world. The four buildings this year that we've honored from each region are definitely breaking away from the norm.","Let's talk about - let me just remind everybody that this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. Let's talk about the Absolute Towers in a suburb of Toronto. These towers were named best tall buildings of Americas. They've been named the Marilyn Monroe Towers because of their sky-high curves. They're curvy-looking, yet they - the curves serve a function.","The curves do serve a function. And what's unique about these buildings is, again, against the backdrop of 99 percent of tall buildings being fairly boring rectilinear boxes, these are very curving organic towers, which look iconic and look incredible, but they serve a purpose."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Literally, the turn means that the Absolute Towers are unique because they are curvy and organic, and also serve a purpose. However, the implied meaning is that most tall buildings are not designed with both aesthetics and functionality in mind, whereas the Absolute Towers manage to achieve both.","questions":"What is unique about the Absolute Towers?","answer":"Design"}
{"text":["There is a level of acceptance for some. So one young woman I met joined the all-women's force after being brutalized by her husband, who was part of ISIS. On the other hand, the women who were foreigners and even the real hardcore last holdouts in the fight against ISIS who are in this town of Baghuz, which had basically an apocalyptic end. They ran out of food. They ran out of water.","And what you see now from the women who were part of that is that all of the crimes of ISIS - you know, enslaving girls, raping women, beheading people on the streets, the hangings - that was not enough really to make them lose confidence in the head of ISIS. But the fact that children whose families belong to ISIS starved to death while leaders had food, that is what's making people very disappointed, very disillusioned, especially the women I've talked to.","Are there people who still support the caliphate despite all that they went through?","Absolutely there are. And in fact, one woman from Egypt I met has four daughters. She was talking about how all they want is to go home, to go back to Egypt, to go back to the parks, to go see relatives. And she said to me, you know, I don't believe in Baghdadi. But I still believe in the caliphate."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The woman from Egypt still supports the caliphate even though she does not believe in Baghdadi.","questions":"What does the woman from Egypt believe in?","answer":"Caliphate"}
{"text":["And so when two clumps of free protons and electrons hit each other, they will slow each other down. But dark matter has no charge. That's why we can't see it because the only reason you and I could see anything, it's because there's charges that are being accelerated. That's what light is. But if something has no charge, it doesn't give off light.","So yeah, so in the Bullet Cluster, dark matter and galaxies stayed together just as they should, and in Abell 520, they do not, and that is a mystery as to why exactly that is. There isn't a comfortable explanation that can be readily arrived at.","Is there a theory about what may be happening, or just - you have to just think about it some more?","Well, so there's a number of things that could be happening. All of them are slightly disturbing."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) The speaker is explaining why dark matter cannot be seen because it has no charge and therefore does not emit light.","questions":"What is the reason that dark matter cannot be seen?","answer":"Charge"}
{"text":["Another effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act gained steam last night. A federal judge in Texas ruled that the law is unconstitutional. We're joined now by NPR's health policy correspondent, Alison Kodjak. Alison, thanks so much for coming in.","Thanks for having me, Scott.","This decision was received last night. What's it say?","Well, it's a pretty sweeping decision, actually. This judge ruled that the entire Affordable Care Act, which famously ran more than a thousand pages long, was unconstitutional. The case was brought by 18 Republican attorneys general, and it was led by Texas AG Ken Paxton."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The judge ruled that the entire Affordable Care Act is unconstitutional","questions":"How did the judge rule on the Affordable Care Act?","answer":"unconstitutional"}
{"text":["Her fencing tutor, when she is 13, makes her his mistress. Julie says he gave everything I desired and quite a few things I hadn't known existed. Oh, my word.","(Laughter) He was her father's boss. And he was one of the great nobleman of France at the time, a very, very powerful man. And all of a sudden, she was the very young mistress and was moved into Paris so that he could keep her separate from his wife, but she wanted more. And so very quickly she got bored and she ran off with her fencing master.","Yeah. There's a lot of fencing in this book. As soon as I say that, I realize metaphorical but also actual fencing in this book.","Well, I used to fence as a kid. It's one of the reasons I know about her. I fenced all through school and college, but I have to say that I'd - when I'm writing the fencing scenes, I do jump out of my chair and grab a foil - I've still got my old swords - and I act out the scenes for myself just to make sure that they make sense."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Her fencing tutor, when she is 13, makes her his mistress. Julie says he gave everything I desired and quite a few things I hadn't known existed. Oh, my word.  The implied meaning here is that the fencing tutor didn't only provide fencing training but also engaged in a romantic and possibly sexual relationship with Julie when she was 13. The phrase \"makes her his mistress\" suggests a deeper relationship beyond a mere student-teacher dynamic.","questions":"How did Julie feel about her fencing tutor?","answer":"Everything"}
{"text":["But we can also use technology to, you know, warn providers when they're entering orders, for instance. If I'm supposed to be in Mr.  James Smith and entering a complex chemotherapy order, for instance, I'd get an alert saying, are you sure?","Because there was another, you know, Mr.  James Smith on the same ward in the hospital. Are you sure you're entering orders on the right Mr.  James Smith, you know, for instance?","Anything a patient can do to protect him or herself?","With electronic health records has come in a layer of additional transparency for the health care system where patients can access more information electronically than they could ever do before."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Patients can now have more access to their own medical records and other health care information online.","questions":"How can patients access their medical records and other health information?","answer":"Electronically"}
{"text":["You know, Scott, it's really hard to say. Most of the people we've talked to here in Edmonton over the past few days say what's happening with FIFA has nothing to do with what's going on on the field. There's definitely a worry here, though, that the media will fixate on it. And at FIFA's opening press conference in Vancouver, the president of Canada's soccer association got a barrage of questions all about the drama, and he basically said, look, this is perfect timing for the Women's World Cup. It's the purest form of the game. It's soccer to the core. Let's focus on that because that's what this sport needs - some purity, some positivity. And let's not forget, Scott, this is the biggest women's sporting event in the entire world. And a half a billion people are expected to watch today's opening game between Canada and China, so it's a big deal.","And more national teams than ever, right?","Yeah, that's right. The World Cup is held every four years, and this year there are 24 teams, which is eight more than four years ago. It should be really exciting. Canada is a giant country. So they're going to be traveling around a ton from the West Coast of Vancouver all the way to Moncton on the East Coast, which, you know, hey, I've never even heard of that place so that should be. . .","I've been to Moncton."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I've been to Moncton\" - means the speaker has visited Moncton before, rather than literally carrying or moving to that location.","questions":"How does the speaker indicate their familiarity with Moncton?","answer":"Visited"}
{"text":["Yeah. So, I mean, you know, I had gotten drunk once or twice. I actually bartended one of my mother's parties for her - the faculty of the English department of the local college. And I loved. . .","He always makes that point.","Well, I was 12, you know, I was old enough to serve alcohol. You didn't have to be. . .","You were bartending at the age of 12?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : none","questions":"How old was PersonA when they bartended for their mother's party?","answer":"12"}
{"text":["I thought that our spin was slowing down.","We are slowing down. We're slowing down but only because we're transferring it to the moon, and so the - if you count both of these bodies today, that spin should be remained constant throughout the course of solar system history.","And what they're suggesting is that you can lose spin from the Earth-moon system and transfer it to the sun-Earth system. And it's a very complex calculation. I mean, it's not just trivial that it took 30, 40 years to figure this out. But once that is on the table, and you say hey, I can start with an Earth that's spinning with a period of two hours, now you have an Earth, that if you were to look at this - and you can download the simulations from Science magazine - and you can see that - or from Harvard - and you can see that this Earth looks kind of like a muffin.","It's spinning so fast, it's got kind of a two-to-one axis ratio. And so their solution is hey, I can make the moon out of Earth's mantle, I'll just sort of hit it with a tiny projectile - you know, not tiny but much smaller than we thought previously - so Theia becomes smaller."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : We're slowing down but transferring spin to the moon.","questions":"Which body is receiving the transferred spin?","answer":"Moon"}
{"text":["So the sport itself has given me countless opportunities. And for me, the reason why I'm so interested in doing this, it's sort of like my way of giving back, in a sense. You know, I'm going places with the javelin and it's helping me out and probably going to get me into a nice school. So why not give back?And I feel like if I have to do this research project at my school, why not do it on something that I like?","Yeah. I'm just going to guess you've heard from some people that know somebody who was injured by a javelin who've said there's no need for this sport?","Honestly, I haven't. I mean, I know there are some people that have gotten injured and there are people that are against the implementation of the event. But personally, I do not know anybody that has been injured.","You know, Mr.  Christensen, there are people listening around the country I'm sure might point out that it seems easier to buy a gun in South Carolina than to throw a javelin in high school."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"there are people that are against the implementation of the event\" - The literal meaning is that some people are against having the javelin event in competitions. The actual meaning is that there are some concerns about the safety of the sport, but the speaker does not personally know anyone who has been injured.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the people who are against the implementation of the event?","answer":"Concerns"}
{"text":["It was you coming forward that helped open the floodgates in that case with Larry Nassar. Do you believe there are other abuse cases in the Southern Baptist Church that have yet to come to light?","Oh, absolutely. You know, survivors live in silence for so long. And one of the reasons that they do - the main reason they do is because they watch how society talks about abuse. And they watch how our culture treats abuse victims. And that's one of the primary things we need to change. We have to let them know that they are safe when they come forward before they're going to be able to speak up. Our cultural and societal response to those survivors who have spoken up is really going to set the tone for whether or not others feel free to come forward.","And may I ask, as someone who's prominently working on this within the church while obviously wanting to respect the anonymity of people coming forward, do women come to you and tell you their stories?","They do all the time. And oftentimes, I am the first disclosure. And I consider that an absolute privilege to be trusted with their stories. It's not something I ever take for granted."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Being the first disclosure for a survivor is a privilege","questions":"What does PersonA consider being the first disclosure for a survivor?","answer":"Privilege"}
{"text":["When we say those reductions are temporary, we have to remember that they go until at least 2025. So for most of us out there, regular working folks, seven years of tax reductions is a big deal. We can have that fight again in seven years. I'm sure the Democrats will be promoting increasing taxes in seven years. That's what the Democrats always promote. The Democrat plan today was to increase taxes by over a trillion dollars. So we have to remember what our alternative option was with the other party.","But why make it temporary for individuals who might need that tax relief when corporations, who are doing very well, get a permanent. . .","Yeah, you and I are on the same page. I think that's craziness. I don't like temporary tax reductions. I don't like temporary legislative fixes, generally. I want to see permanent legislative fixes. So I am against the fact that they are temporary, but I'd rather have, as a person who pays these taxes, as a middle-income person - I'd rather have seven years of tax reduction than what the Democrats were proposing, which was a trillion dollars in increased taxes.","I'd like to talk about the political ramifications. By and large, polls show this isn't popular, and it pushes through some very substantial changes in the financial lives of Americans. Do you think that there will be a cost come 2018?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Do you think that there will be a cost come 2018?\" - The speaker is asking about potential negative consequences in the future, rather than an actual financial cost in 2018.","questions":"What is the speaker concerned about in 2018?","answer":"negative"}
{"text":["At dusk tonight - the Belmont stakes, and an engaging chestnut named California Chrome has a chance to be the first horse to win the Triple Crown - a sweep of all three of the major thoroughbred races since 1978. We're honored now to be joined by Laura Hillenbrand. She's a horse rider by trade, of course she's author of the perpetual best-selling \"Seabiscuit. \"Laura, thanks so much for being with us.","I'm so happy to be here Scott.","What is there about the Belmont stakes that frustrates so many great four-legged athletes who've already won two big races?","They call it the test of their champion for a reason. It is a tricky race. It's run around the biggest track in the country so strategy is different. You have to move a different place. It's a race that requires a lot of the jockey.","The thing that makes it the hardest in terms of sweeping the whole Triple Crown is the horse that gets there with a chance to win it as California Chrome has. They've already competed in the Derby and the Preakness, which are two incredibly difficult races. And now, in the span of five weeks, they have to try the third one. And it's the hardest one of all, the longest one of all. It's really asking a huge amount of them. And that's why, in my whole racing fan life, I have never seen a horse sweep the Triple Crown. I've seen 12 horses go to the Belmont with a chance to win it, and all of them have failed.","California Chrome is called the people's horse, kind of like Seabiscuit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a chance to be the first horse to win the Triple Crown\" - This implies that California Chrome has the opportunity to achieve a rare and prestigious feat by winning all three major thoroughbred races, rather than simply having a possibility of winning.","questions":"Which feat does California Chrome have the chance to achieve?","answer":"Triple"}
{"text":["Tell me a little bit about the violence. What happened?","The biggest single attack was a suicide bomber here in Kabul. The suicide bomber, trying to get into a polling station, was stopped by a policeman. He detonated his explosive vest outside. In the north, there was shelling in Kunduz. We know that they burned down one polling center outside of Kunduz city. And there's been some irregularities, as well. One local strongman on the outskirts of Kabul brought his armed men in. He's a candidate, and he tried to prevent other people from getting to the polling station. So not by far the cleanest elections. The Afghan government has announced it's arrested a few dozen people for fraud and intimidation. They're trying to make sure that Afghans will have faith in this election.","One of the more hopeful signs, though, this time around is the number of women running, right?Over 400. What will this mean?","They are guaranteed 68 seats in the parliament for each province, but I think the real key has been the number of young people running. As you said, Lulu, there hasn't been parliamentary elections in eight years. The current parliament has been a frustration to many, almost a symbol of the corruption and patronage that has held Afghanistan back. And it was really interesting to see election observers at the polls. There were 400,000 of them - many of them there to support their own candidates to make sure that their candidates got a fair shake in these elections. The fact that so many young people and nonpoliticians were willing to put themselves out there, I think, shows that there's a new generation of Afghans trying to change things."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The women are not running but they are trying to get elected.","questions":"How many women are running for parliament in Afghanistan?","answer":"400"}
{"text":["You know, that's a really great question. Our book hit No. 3 on the New York Times bestseller list on Wednesday. And here I am having written this book and stepping into a different version of, you know, women's rights feminist icon. And it's something I'm really proud of because I had to really educate myself on what I believe to be true.","And so I - I don't know. I think that recreating a person's identity is happening on the daily. And I - for me - I want to keep breaking free from all of these identities and get down to that last one, which is human. And I hope that people out there feel the same way because we are all the same matter.","That soccer star Abby Wambach.","Abby, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B: \"That soccer star Abby Wambach\" - This turn has a literal meaning as it refers to the actual identity of the person being mentioned.","questions":"What is the name of the soccer star mentioned by B?","answer":"Abby"}
{"text":["And in most car journeys, he'd be playing me music and reciting poetry. So it was really extraordinary being a daughter of such a man.","Rebecca, I mentioned earlier how I grew up in a very religious family. I don't go to church that much anymore. Actually, I don't go at all. So I'm wondering, for you, where is your faith now?Do you still have it?","No one's asked me that question (laughter). I would say that one of the things I expected from this book was that it would lay some ghosts for me, and I think it has. I still cannot open the Bible without hearing the sound of those men using scriptures almost like rapiers with each other. They knew the Bible inside out, so they would use one scripture to trump another. And it was all men locking horns, you know. So it's hard for me not to see the Bible full of words that have been used for warfare, if you like.","And yeah, I've been surprised at the effect on me of writing the book and also of the many, many people who have written to me, ex-Brethren - I would say 70 or 80 by now - beautiful letters from elderly people writing to me to say, the Brethren was a terrible thing. We all lived through it - and telling me their stories but saying, I came to find a kinder God and kinder Christians outside. And I've been really moved by how much people have wanted me to know about their kinder God."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implication of the statement is that Rebecca has been touched by the stories of how many of the ex-Brethren were able to find a kinder God and kinder Christians outside of the Brethren.","questions":"What has touched Rebecca in the stories of ex-Brethren?","answer":"KinderGod"}
{"text":["Tell me how you grew up.","Well, my grandparents raised me. When their - they had - they've been foster parents for as long as I can remember. And I was actually the first child other than their own that they actually took care of, and they raised me since I was six months old.","Although my mom lived there as well, she was always - you know, raised me as well, but I lived in their house. I always kept myself around something musical, whether it was being in a play where I played the drunk daughter, or sneaking out to the studio to make a, you know, a demo that never became anything. But you know, it was all a part of what I felt I needed to do beyond, you know, those - that house and beyond church. You know, I was always looking for something to do outside of that - of those four walls.","In this book, you talk about some really rough times you went through. Being held out a window by an abusive boyfriend who threatened to drop you to your death, being beat up, being manipulated. Why do you feel that it was important to put all that in the book?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B pursued music and activities outside of his grandparents' house and church.","questions":"What did PersonB keep himself around other than his grandparents' house and church?","answer":"Activities"}
{"text":["Oh, thanks for having me on, Scott.","What made you decide to do this?","You know, Scott, we'd been trying to sort of open up the view of this place to the public pretty much from day one. But we had to get through some of these hurdles so that, in the event of bad things going on in jail, we're not going to hide from it. We're going to be transparent. And we'll attempt to work through firing, criminally charging, if - as necessary as well - but to let the public know that we're trying. We're not involved with some cover-up, or this isn't some big secret.","Bad things going on - I mean, to be plain about it, you mean mostly guards abusing inmates?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the interviewer is seeking clarification on what the interviewee means by \"bad things going on.\" However, the actual meaning is that the interviewer is making an assumption that \"bad things going on\" primarily refers to guards abusing inmates, even though the interviewee did not explicitly state this.","questions":"How did the interviewer interpret the phrase \"bad things going on\"?","answer":"Guards"}
{"text":["Well, yes. As you said, I'm at 17,000 feet in the Atacama Desert. And this place is wonderful for viewing because it's so high, so the - most of the atmosphere is - well, it's not most below us, but a lot of it is below us. And the air is very dry, and the wavelengths that people want to study, the stars and galaxies at - up here, there's very dry air, and the wavelengths are not - they're coming through clear because water vapor absorbs wavelengths that they're interested in, so they want to get as far away from water vapor as they can. So they're up high. And there's other places here besides the Atacama that are in the Andes - very high, very good viewing - or seeing, as they call it in astronomy.","And is that why, as you told us, that half of the world's major telescopes are in Chile?Is that why they're all there?","Well, yeah. It's because it's a great location. And the one I'm at right now is not one of the major telescopes. It's a smaller one. It's called CLASS - the Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor. And what it's doing is looking for signals, traces of the earliest moments of the universe that were laid down in something called gravitational waves. Those gravitational waves have a certain property known as a polarization, and it should be possible to see that polarization left behind in the wavelengths that they're studying at CLASS. That's what they're doing here.","So where else have you been on this trip?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Atacama Desert is an ideal place for astronomical observation because its high altitude and dry air reduce atmospheric interference with wavelengths.","questions":"Which property of the gravitational waves is CLASS looking for?","answer":"Polarization"}
{"text":["It's time now for our Africa Update. The search begins for an African Einstein. In South Africa this week, at least two dozen people have been killed in a wave of attacks on foreigners and we look at Rwanda's new economic force, women. For more, we've got Roxanne Lawson, she's director of Africa Policy for TransAfrica Forum. Hey, Roxanne.","Hi, how are you doing?","I'm doing great. So let's talk about some disturbing news form South Africa. It's the biggest economic power on the continent and plenty of immigrants from other African nations are flooding into the country, legally or not. South Africans are accusing these immigrants of taking away jobs and causing crime, in some ways it's similar to a lot of the debates right here in the U. S.  Now, some South Africans are getting into brutal attacks on foreigners. At least 24 people have been killed in unrest that broke out a week ago. So what's the latest on the violence?","You're directly right that it actually is very much like what we see here in the United States with our migration issues. As of this morning, official reports that 217 people have been arrested, over 3,000 have been displaced and 22 people are dead."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Immigrants in South Africa are being blamed for job loss and crime, leading to brutal attacks on foreigners.","questions":"Which country is the biggest economic power on the African continent?","answer":"SouthAfrica"}
{"text":["Other than describing him as a populist, can you describe his politics to us?","Well, he has a combination of sort of radicalism, and he doesn't want high-speed trains. He want the unemployment benefits for everyone. But also, he said he wants a referendum on the euro - which, of course, is completely the pie in the sky. But these he's got, also, some wise - says some wise things, says, for instance, we have to stop showering political parties with public money.","I know you, in the United States, you have different problems with money and politics. But in Europe, especially in Italy, too much money - public money, our money goes to political parties. He say: Two terms is enough in parliament. And he says things that, actually, sort of people like to hear. And that's why he could share those points. You could leave the populist and the radical things aside and find those things that he share with the Italian Democratic Party - which, by the way, is not that different from your Democratic Party. The big difference, that you have Obama, and in Italy, we have Bersani.","Well, a lot of people are interested in another name that begins with a B, and that is Berlusconi. He left office in disgrace. He is still facing numerous trials, and yet here he is, back, a major player once again."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The politician holds some wise ideas despite his radical and populist views.","questions":"How would you describe the politician's ideas?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Companies like Morgan Stanley, UBS, GE Financial, American Express all plan to use this new facility, and industrial companies will probably follow suit. Now, usually, this is not a market that the government has had any role in, at least as a direct lender. It used to be that these IOU's were bought by financial institutions, money market, mutual funds, and the like. The loans weren't too sexy, they weren't very risky, and the interest rate wasn't anything to write home about.","But all that changed after the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Holders of commercial paper started worrying that these corporate IOU's weren't so safe, so they stopped buying them. And then perfectly healthy businesses have been since finding it difficult and expensive to get hold of cash. So now, the Fed will become the lender of last resort yet again and try to jump start lending by others.","And then so - and loosen the credit, the credit crunch. And so, is this move - will it be more promising than all the others we've seen so far to try to loosen credit?","You know, in short, the answer is yes, with the caveat of probably. Every economist I've talked to or seen quoted today thinks this is a pretty safe move by the Fed. The government simply has to get financial institutions back to lending money more than a day at a time."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : More promising implies very beneficial and advantageous ","questions":"What does \"more promising\" mean?","answer":"Beneficial"}
{"text":["Nice to be here.","And remind us of what you reported last week - a room filled with brains must be a startling sight.","It certainly is. Dozens of brains in glass jars - it's what's left of this collection at the University of Texas that came here in 1986 from the Austin State Hospital. It was a mental institution here in town. So they kind of sat in a closet in a basement lab for about 25 years until they were happened upon by a photographer here in town named Adam Voorhees. And he started to dig into them a little bit more and, you know, found that a hundred of these brains were missing, that half the collection had gone missing over the decades that they'd been sitting there.","And there was some news this week about what might've happened to those brains."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is implying that new information has been revealed regarding the missing brains.","questions":"How was the missing brains news described by the speaker?","answer":"Startling"}
{"text":["It's lovely. And I was trying to think of things that old people do that I should do, you know, like sticking my tongue out when the spoon is only halfway to my face and stuff like that. But in actual fact, if you just behave yourself absolutely normally, you become like an old person because they're exactly the same as us.","You've gotten the opportunity to work with two of the great actresses our generation, with Judi Dench in \"Mrs.  Brown\" - I think a lot of people remember that - and now with Maggie Smith.","Yeah, and an absolute delight it's been, yeah - and not only that, but with Michael Gambon, as well.","Mm-hmm. He's a great actor."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Just behaving normally can make you feel like an old person.2. Working with great actresses like Judi Dench and Maggie Smith has been a delightful experience.","questions":"Which actor did PersonA work with in addition to Judi Dench and Maggie Smith?","answer":"Michael"}
{"text":["It's far worse than that. The assumption that Social Security numbers were compromised was there at the beginning, but, you know, OPM has sort of slow-rolled how bad this really is. And what has been compromised includes security clearance information, background investigation information for millions of past and present employees across the U. S.  government, including the Pentagon and the intelligence community. This is really, really bad.","And, potentially, how could this information be used?","Well, this is very personal information, as anyone who's ever had a security clearance could tell you. This involves - especially at the higher levels of classification that are needed - very detailed personal information about lifestyle habits, anything you've done wrong - things you probably wouldn't want other people to know about, frankly - if you've had addiction issues, financial problems, marital problems, partner problems.","So it could be used to blackmail a federal employee. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implies that this sensitive information could be used by malicious individuals to blackmail federal employees.","questions":"Which individuals could potentially use the compromised information to blackmail federal employees?","answer":"Malicious"}
{"text":["I think that teenagers - I mean, some were very passionately involved in this. And, you know, teachers do feel things very passionately. It's why they're such a great audience to write for. But others are getting a little bit fed up because these controversies within YA, especially, are dominated by adults, and they're led by adults. So the teens are starting to kind of push back a little bit and saying, you know, this community is supposed to be for us, and you guys are messing it up.","(Laughter) As adults often do mess up things, don't we?","It's true. We ruin everything.","Kat Rosenfield, her article \"The Toxic Drama On YA Twitter\" is on Vulture. com. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Adults tend to make mistakes and create chaos when they meddle in things that are meant for teenagers.","questions":"Which group often dominates the controversies within YA, causing the teens to push back?","answer":"Adults"}
{"text":["Some might see it that way. Some look at other numbers and are a little less sympathetic to the auto industry. Sometimes, people are critical. They say that union auto workers are paid too much. What, from your perspective, would you tell people who have that opinion, who say, look, guys working for Toyota don't get nearly as much in benefits. You guys should give up some more.","You can only get what you can negotiate from a company, and a company has to have something for you to negotiate it from, and that's basically how we got where we are today. We happen to work for three companies that were far and above - probably most companies in America pay their CEOs huge profits, huge wages. And, you know, we only negotiate our share of that.","Now, if we have to give our share back to save that company, I guess that's something we've got to do, you know. I guess America has to decide if they want an American auto business here in America, or if they want to rely on China to fight a war in the event we have to go to one.","I'm curious, Mr.  Watson. Personally, what's at stake for you?You, I'm sure, still receive benefits from GM. Are you possibly sacrificing some things here, and what would that mean for you?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Companies pay their CEOs huge profits, while the workers get a small share.","questions":"Which group is getting a small share according to turn 1?","answer":"Workers"}
{"text":["So, you're skeptical about a car czar. You think that there should be loans, though, with strict provisions attached to them.","Right, right.","What else?What else needs to be done?I mean, this is a massive, massive problem, and two of the three are facing extinction at this point.","Don't forget, what's putting them in this condition is the economic, you know, the economic condition of the nation right now. But the kind of fixed-cost structure that these auto companies have is massive, massive losses that have to do with what's happening to demand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The auto companies need to restructure their fixed costs due to the current economic situation, resulting in significant losses.","questions":"How are the auto companies affected by the current economic situation?","answer":"Restructure"}
{"text":["Exactly, keep looking up, and I can't believe I still pinch myself every time that I get to say those words afterwards. But this is the fellow that would appear on your PBS station, usually late at night, at weird hours, for a minute or five minutes telling you what's up in the sky. He'd sit on the rings of Saturn and point out at Jupiter, and he'd have this very interesting voice. It was great.","And so he passed away a few years ago, and the station has decided to continue the program. We've done a little bit of touching-up to it, but it's called \"Star Gazers,\" and so you might catch us on weird hours on your PBS station, and they're always online at our website, stargazersonline. org, and you can watch any of the shows there, and we'll tell you what's up in the sky and say keep looking up. That's what we always say.","That's it. It's a great show. I've been watching it for years. I used to know Jack for a while, so. . .","Oh, I know, what a great guy. I mean, this is a populizer of astronomy, and I just hope that I can fill his shoes a little bit and get people excited about the stars."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"we've done a little bit of touching-up to it\" implies that some minor adjustments have been made to the show, but not that it has been significantly altered.","questions":"What has been done to the show?","answer":"Touching-up"}
{"text":["Let's clear this up immediately: blonde, lithe, the initials V. P. So, is Vanessa Pierson Valerie Plame?","The great thing about fiction is that you can fix things and make things better. I think Vanessa is a smarter version of where I was. And it's definitely informed by my experiences in the CIA.","Well, that raises another question. So, did you take some top-secret operation and just thinly fictionalize it to this book and, you know, are. . .",". . . are there Russian agents reading this now and saying, oh, this is what we were looking for?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The great thing about fiction is that you can fix things and make things better.I think Vanessa is a smarter version of where I was.And it's definitely informed by my experiences in the CIA. The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is suggesting that their experiences in the CIA have informed their fiction writing, and that the character Vanessa is a version of the speaker that is smarter and more successful. ","questions":"What is the character's name that the speaker believes is a smarter version of themselves?","answer":"source"}
{"text":["Governor Mike Pence endorsed Ted Cruz yesterday in Indianapolis, although he also had kind words for Donald Trump. Mr.  Trump has also been endorsed by perhaps the best-known Hoosier on the planet. Forgive me Cole Porter. We mean Bobby Knight, the legendary Indiana University basketball coach. Coach Knight is celebrated for winning national championships, running an honest program and holding his players to high academic standards. He's also famous for having a titanic, chair-hurling temper. He is not known for political endorsements or being involved in campaigns.","I think that I'm like millions of Americans today that would like to see some things done that take us back to where we want to be, where we can really be proud of America, we have leadership that enables us to do that. I think I'm just one of millions of people. I'm not out there by myself. I just want to see us be the very best that we can possibly be and be thought of worldwide by the very best there is.","What did you hear Donald Trump say that convinced you you wanted to help him?","Well, Donald Trump didn't say anything that convinced me 'cause I went through people and people that were involved and least - involved themselves in the election. I made a little chart. I put together the things that he's done in life. And Donald Trump has created more jobs than all of the other candidates and politicians in the country. That's huge. That's important. That was a big thing for me to put down on my checklist."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker believes that America is currently not living up to its potential and wants a leader who can bring the country back to a place of pride and respect on the world stage.","questions":"What does the speaker want a leader to do for America?","answer":"Bring"}
{"text":["So the parents as well as one coach have agreed to plead guilty in connection with this scheme. And according to one of the plea agreements at least, they may serve a few months in jail as well as paying fines and restitution. And Felicity Huffman, the actress, as you heard, is one of the more high-profile people accused. But others, including Lori Loughlin, another actress from the TV show \"Full House,\" is among those originally accused who is continuing to fight the charges.","What are we hearing from the parents?","Well, two of those who plead - pled guilty today issued very contrite statements. Huffman's statement reportedly said, I am in full acceptance of my guilt - deep regret and shame. And she also reiterated that her daughter had no idea.","This story has gotten so much attention, and it seems to have really resonated with students and parents. Why do you think it has had such a big impact?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Felicity Huffman has accepted her guilt in the scheme.","questions":"Which actress has admitted to her guilt in the scheme?","answer":"Huffman"}
{"text":["I think Russia wants what it's always wanted, which is to establish its own security. I suspect that Mr.  Putin, in his heart of hearts, would love to re-establish the borders of the old Soviet Union. And security, to them, consists of trying to defend yourself against everybody else. I think that's what they want. And so they regard all the rest of us with great suspicion and as potential enemies.","You write about people in intelligence looking over their shoulders at what you called the Snowdenistas. How has Edward Snowden and WikiLeaks hacking changed intelligence agencies and security work?","Well, I think it has changed. I think they need obviously, if they're going to be able to keep us safe, to see what their targets - and that is a broad word - are doing online. And yet, obviously, naturally, the civil liberties lobby is interested in our civil liberties and our right to privacy and so there's tension there. And I think that that is very much now a feature of the way intelligence services have to work in Western countries, particularly in my country. And the government is trying to introduce legislation which will actually give them the powers that they now need. But it's a very difficult business to get this right in the face of people's natural concern for their privacy.","Dame Stella, I fell hard for one of your characters in this novel, Jasminder."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : is asking how intelligence agencies have changed in response to Edward Snowden and WikiLeaks hacking","questions":"How did the Snowdenistas affect intelligence agencies and security work?","answer":"Changed"}
{"text":["But they just talk. They don't really do anything, and they make appeals, and people are fed up with it, so people don't really pay much attention to the Arab League meetings anymore, even if they meet at the summit level. But it's a sign that the leaders are aware that their people are angry and concerned.","And the fact is that Hamas, like Hezbollah in Lebanon, is an Islamist group that is actively fighting back against Israel, and they're the only people who seem to do this, and popular opinion in the Arab world is very much with them. Not everybody is with them. Some people criticize them, but most people line up, support Hamas in terms of just fighting back against Israel, protecting Palestinians. So there is great tension within the Arab world itself over the situation.","The Arab League is meeting today in Cairo. Do you think it will be as you say, all talk?Or will any action come out of that meeting?","Well, there probably will be some symbolic action. They'll probably send a delegation to the UN Security Council. They'll do something like that. They will ask for possibly a meeting of the Arab summit at the head of state level. But again, it will be more talk, more talk than action, more rhetoric. The facts on the ground won't change very much because of what the Arab leaders are doing, unfortunately.","There is a bit of a perception that Iran's influence is growing in that region. How do you think Arab leaders are responding to that?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Arab League meetings will not lead to significant action.","questions":"Which meeting won't lead to significant action?","answer":"Meetings"}
{"text":["It's \"Someone Who Will Love You In All Your Damaged Glory. \"And I love that phrase, damaged glory, and it comes in the context of a story where a drunk woman slurs into the narrator's ear, you deserve someone who will love you and all your damaged glory. What does that phrase, damaged glory, mean to you?","What I like about it - what I think it invokes - or evokes. Does it invoke or evoke?","I think it evokes.","Yeah. What I think the phrase vokes (ph) and then you can edit in an en or an E."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase 'damaged glory' refers to someone's flaws and imperfections, which should be embraced and loved.","questions":"What does the phrase 'damaged glory' embrace?","answer":"Flaws"}
{"text":["I also translated my previous novel, \"The Corpse Washer\" - I translated it from Arabic to English.","But with this novel, you chose to have someone else translate it into English. Why?","Well, in all honesty, the subject matter of the novel is quite intimate and has a lot to do with my own memories of my home city and what it means also to be an Iraqi living in the U. S.  and watching the - my new country bomb my homeland. So it's very traumatic. So when Jonathan Wright offered - as soon as the novel came out in Arabic, he offered to translate it. I - he's an experienced, excellent translator, so I said, why not, you know?","I think I hear you telling me you could not go through that story twice."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The traumatic memories of the author made it hard for him to translate the novel himself, so he had someone else do it","questions":"How did the author choose the translator for the novel?","answer":"Offered"}
{"text":["Oh, wow, it's like turning off a switch. And suddenly I was running down these trails in the dark and I didn't know where I was and I didn't know where I was going and it was getting colder. And all I could see was the distant glow of Vegas. And I was thinking, wow, I really like that city right now. I wish I were there and I didn't know how to get there.","Yeah, you obviously were able to find your way to asphalt and you were able to get back to civilization. Very nice - of course, I'm a sucker for daughter daddy stuff in the book - but you really do say that marathon running - or the training even - reminds you of the preciousness of every moment, moment after moment.","Yeah, it does. It puts you in the minute and being out there every day - bad weather, good weather, light, dark - I started this morning about nine miles ago in the dark and it was cold. And you just find yourself saying, you know, there are things in life that are important and that are worthwhile that require a little bit of sacrifice and a little bit of struggle and a little bit of suffering. It doesn't mean you shouldn't do them. And running reminds you of that all the time.","Tom Foreman - \"My Year Of Running Dangerously\" - thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The speaker is using running as a metaphor for the struggles and sacrifices that are necessary in life and the importance of embracing them, even when they are difficult.","questions":"What does the speaker use as a metaphor for the struggles and sacrifices that are necessary in life?","answer":"Running"}
{"text":["Now, there's also the toll, you know, that this takes on judges. I mean, that's precisely what Judge Arrington said. He said, seeing the same black faces walk in and out of his courtroom year after year takes its toll.","When you first became a judge in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, did you feel like it was something that you brought home with you, that you felt a weight on yourself?","Oh, no doubt about it. I mean, I'm a control freak, and I'm goal oriented. I took recidivism personally. Every time I saw that same guy or that same woman come back in, it was a failure on my part.","And I did. And it hurt me. And I've cried. I've made defendants cry. I had the whole courtroom crying once because my sense of hurt was so real and so immediate."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : THE WHOLE COURTROOM CRYING BECAUSE OF THE HURT WHICH IS REAL AND ITS HURT","questions":"What caused the courtroom to cry?","answer":"Hurt"}
{"text":["I don't know many, but I know they exist - the person that doesn't really want fiction. They want nonfiction. They want something smart to read. I'm thinking more along the lines of, like, Ron Chernow's \"Hamilton\" that everybody became obsessed with, that read like fiction but was actually the book that's going to impress people that you read this summer.","That's right. There's literally a picture of Lin-Manuel Miranda on the beach reading that, but it's an old. . .","(Laughter).","In any case, yes. So there's a wonderful book that I think actually kind of brings together a lot of our - of our genres. And it's called \"Murder By The Book. \"It's by Claire Harman. And it's about a murder in Victorian London in which a minor aristocrat is murdered by his valet. Now, it actually does sound like fiction, right?It's nonfiction. But what's so wonderful about it is this guy's defense was that he had read a popular novel, and the book made me do it, which is kind of a wonderful thing if you think about what fiction can do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 'A' does not literally believe that a novel inspiring a murder is a wonderful thing. he is simply saying it is impressive the way fiction can influence people.","questions":"What is the book called that 'A' recommends as a nonfiction book that reads like fiction?","answer":"Impressive"}
{"text":["A busy week at the U. S.  Federal Reserve. The central bank announced it would end its stimulus program after six years. And later in the week, the Fed's chair, Janet Yellen, gave a speech about diversity in the field of economics. She said the profession, which seems to be dominated by white men, would benefit from a wider variety of viewpoints and pointed to what she called a leaky pipeline that's prevented women and minorities from making it into the top ranks of academia. We're joined now in our studios by labor economist Julianne Malveaux. Dr.  Malveaux, thanks very much for being with us.","DR.  JULIANNE MALVEAUX: It's absolutely a pleasure. Thank you, Scott.","What do you make of that leaky pipeline analogy?","It's absolutely the case. When you look at the research from the past, white males were the norm. It was not until the '70s that folks like Janet Yellen and others introduced women into, essentially, the research - just the research. I think that some of my work and others began to introduce black women, but by and large you're talking a white male space."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) -- Dr. Malveaux is expressing her pleasure at being invited to the show. ","questions":"How is Dr. Malveaux feeling about being on the show?","answer":"Pleasure"}
{"text":["Well, I have. You know, I was born and raised here in San Diego, and we just love it. But yeah, if - regardless of where the location would be, I would be willing to go anywhere - anywhere in the world for that matter, Afghanistan, Pakistan, anywhere that somebody may be able to offer me a job.","I saw some photographs of you in your condo. You've been packing up there, and I noticed behind the moving boxes, hanging in the window were some Christmas lights and some red ribbons. Are you still going to find some ways to celebrate the holidays despite everything that's going on?","Oh, sure. You know, I mean, the last couple of Christmases haven't been all the greatest, you know, because of the situation as well. And so, we're almost kind of getting used to it, but this one just hurts especially bad. But my wife and I are members of the Salvation Army church in Alcahone. You know, so, you know, we haven't forgotten really what Christmas is all about.","It's not about us and each other and the gifts, and at least that's what we want to think right now. But we're really just remembering the birth of our savior."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Despite their tough situation, they are not forgetting the true meaning of Christmas.","questions":"What holiday are they trying to remember the true meaning of?","answer":"Christmas."}
{"text":["So not just a lost city, a lost civilization?","That's right. He emailed Michael back in Roatan, and I'll never forget we were returning from breakfast and this normally phlegmatic kind of skeptical scientist who is rolling his eyes at the whole idea that there is going to be lost city comes running out of his room, racing in his flip-flops, waving his arms and yelling, there's something in the valley. My God, I don't know what it is, but you've got to come and look at it. So we all went rushing over to this room and looked at these images. And I looked at them and I was actually thunderstruck myself. I mean, there is no mistaking what we were looking at.","We're talking with Doug Preston, an author and contributing writer at National Geographic, The Atlantic and Smithsonian magazines. He also writes for The New Yorker. \"The El Dorado Machine\" is in the May 6th edition. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And eventually, other target areas were also mapped and also revealed enormous structures - entire cities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A civilization that has become unknown to other civilizations over the years.","questions":"What kind of city was discovered by the scientists?","answer":"enormous"}
{"text":["Well, I am born and raised in Barquisimeto, Venezuela. I study computer science. Once I started finishing my school in 2010, I started to think, OK, what's next in my career?Started applying to big tech companies like Google, Facebook, Microsoft. And I got an offer from Google and came to the Valley in 2011.","So how did the idea for Code For Venezuela come about?What was the goal of the group?","It's a group of friends that - we've known each other for three or four years now here in the Bay Area. And right about late last year, we started, like, really brainstorm - hey, you know, what can we do that's not only financial that could really impact the country?","Can you give me a sense of what some of the projects are that you've tried to work on so far, that you're trying to innovate now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : brainstorm implies being too wise or being able to solve problems from with good ideas and not a storm that happens in the brain ","questions":"How does \"brainstorm\" relate to the ability to solve problems?","answer":"problem"}
{"text":["And I understand you are going to stay with us for at least a - the half hour to kind of help us understand the context of this, so we thank you for that. But let's just start with this week. I think a lot of people feel that this has been a particularly violent week. You've been tracking all known instances of gun violence in the United States since 2013, so what do you think?I mean, does this week stand out?","The last eight days really do. We've had four incidents of over 10 killed or injured, and that's unusual in an eight-day, 10-day period. We've had nine incidents over the last year and four of them in the last eight days.","And the archive home page keeps a list of statistics. And I do want to mention to people that this is available to the public. That's part of the purpose of your archives - so that the public can have sort of a shared set of facts here. It lists 253 total mass shootings in 2019 as of today. First of all, how do you define mass shooting?And secondly, how does this year compared to others so far?","Well, we define mass shootings as any incident where four or more victims are shot or killed. And we make that distinction because we believe that it's very important that we look at the injured as well as those killed. So anything that is four or more, that reaches that threshold - that's considered a mass shooting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : AGREE WITH THE TURN AND IMPLIED MEANING AND BELIVE THAT EVERYONE","questions":"Which word describes the threshold for an incident to be considered a mass shooting according to A?","answer":"Threshold"}
{"text":["(Laughing) You would think, but its this weird sort of a - the more I get to know them, the more they become different objects with such different ingredients that I love them more with each passing day.","(Laughing) So I have a burrito specimen here with me in the studio. And I'm going to unwrap. . .","Is it in wax paper or tinfoil?","It is in both tinfoil and wax paper."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning is that A is inquiring about the details surrounding B's special person.","questions":"Which person is PersonA inquiring about?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["What is that called again?Just remind me.","It's called \"Pieces Of Her,\" by Karin Slaughter. But if you're waiting for the next book like that that's coming out, the hottest off the press, I would recommend \"Bunny\" by Mona Awad, which is also very funny and very sharp and an extremely readable page-turner, which is coming out in June.","I also think about summer reading as escapism fiction. You know, you want to go to another world or back in time or fantasy novels. What about that?","So for, you know, people who are, like, maybe missing \"Game Of Thrones\". . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"maybe missing\" implies not currently watching Game of Thrones anymore.","questions":"How can you describe the state of someone who is not currently watching Game of Thrones anymore?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["It's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you for having me.","Is the ACLU a fig leaf for Nazis?","No, sir. We are the premier defenders of freedom of speech and racial justice and the rights of all people in the U. S.  For almost a hundred years, our mission has been to defend the rights of everyone, even people we hate. And ultimately, this is about making sure the government never has the authority or the ability to censor speech because it finds it loathsome or disgusting. There are ways for government to regulate speech. It's got to be neutral. There are time, place, manner restrictions that are perfectly appropriate and legitimate. And yet, it can never be because we don't like what folks say.","What about when the marchers are armed, though?Doesn't that make a difference to public safety?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The composition of Congress and Senate may undergo substantial changes over the next two election cycles as more and more sexual harassment allegations continue to surface against longstanding members of Congress.","questions":"What type of allegations are brought against longstanding members of Congress?","answer":"Sexual"}
{"text":["Let me move on to another issue. I was covering both the Democratic and Republican Conventions, and one of the biggest applause lines during the Republican Conventions had to do with drilling for oil. Drill now, drill now, drill now. There is a serious set of distinctions between Senator Obama's policy towards energy and the McCain campaigns policy towards energy. Very briefly, very briefly, describe them to me, as they would affect consumers.","OK, I would say three distinct differences. One, the emphasis of McCain has been on drilling. The facts show that he U. S.  consumes 25 percent of the world's oil and has 3 percent of the reserves. So it's obvious that we cannot drill our way out of that problem.","Obama's focus has been on what can we do in the immediate run, and in the long run, to wean our dependence on oil. And that means investing in an extensive program to convert the economy with green jobs and research, deployment, development of alternative energy. And it also means efficiencies, conservation, raising fuel standards and things to reduce our demand.","So emphasizing the whole portfolio of energies and reducing our demand, but we know that ultimately we've got to move to a different source of energy, and that's the only way to do it. And that is a very big difference between the two candidates."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Drilling for oil is not a viable solution to the problem of oil consumption","questions":"How does Obama propose to wean the US off its dependence on oil?","answer":"Green"}
{"text":["The response that I'd make to that is a couple of things. Part of it is a culture clash. In the West, we are very fetishistic about originality. We want to touch the object that the master touched. This goes back to the days of reliquaries when people had bits and pieces of saints that they carried around with them. The old saw in the East, as it's my grandfather's knife, I replace the handle. My father replaced the blade. It's my grandfather's knife.","For people in other parts of the world, the role of objects is not to somehow through the object itself bring you close to history. It is a visual cue that provides memories of history. The history and heritage resides in the mind. And that's what these reconstructions can certainly provide and have provided for hundreds and hundreds of years. Indeed, most of the sites in Sicily today are 19th century reconstructions.","I never knew that. I mean, I've been to Syracuse and all over Sicily and I was seeing reconstructions?","Absolutely. If you were in Syracuse, you certainly did. Naxos is a very good original site, but many of the other sites are significantly reconstructed."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Implied meaning: the West's obsession with originality is a cultural clash with the East's approach to objects, which is to replace the parts of objects and thus keep them alive in memory and history. ","questions":"Which site in Sicily is mentioned as a good original site?","answer":"Naxos"}
{"text":["No.","So give an ABC, a little ABCs of how, let's say, Plan B works.","Yeah, so it depends on when you take it. You have to be aware when the fertile window is. So it's five days before ovulation and then about maximum one day after ovulation. And if you take it before the LH surge has started, then it works by either blocking follicular development and ovulation or by postponing it.","But if LH has started to rise, then it's too late, and it has no effect, and ovulation will occur. And it has no effect after ovulation, no effect on the fallopian tube or on the endometrium, that is the uterine lining. And actually if a woman has miscalculated, so she's already pregnant, it has no negative effect on the pregnancy, on the fetus or on the newborn baby. And it can't interrupt a pregnancy, but it has absolutely no effect."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : So give an ABC, a little ABCs of how, let's say, Plan B works","questions":"What is the fertile window for Plan B?","answer":"Five"}
{"text":["The speaker has suffered through days of public humiliation at the hands of his fractious troops. But sometimes what doesn't kill you makes you stronger. And by surviving all of this, he has probably strengthened what's always been a rather tenuous grip on the speakership. In the end, he did the right thing - we talked about this in the past - and kept government and borrowing authority going forward. And probably he'll have a better weekend this weekend than he had last.","Certainly more free time. I think a lot of people are wondering this weekend: is Senator Ted Cruz a new national figure or a diminished one, after events of this past week?","You could say he's both. Certainly he is new hero of the Tea Party and others who wanted to stop the Affordable Care Act, Obamacare, by any means necessary. At the Value Voters Summit, for example, here about a week ago, he absolutely dominated the presidential preference straw poll on social conservatives. But within the establishment of the Republican Party, in the financial community and among party fundraisers, he has come to be regarded as dangerous.","And a hard word and that raises this question. Against what's been the stereotype, the image for many years, Democrats appeared unified over these past few weeks, and the Republicans who looked like they were - what's the old joke they used to make about Democrats - a circular firing squad?What's happened to the two major parties?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"what doesn't kill you makes you stronger\" - This is an idiomatic expression that means that going through difficult experiences can make a person mentally and emotionally stronger, rather than referring to actual physical strength.","questions":"How does the turn \"what doesn't kill you makes you stronger\" relate to the PersonA's situation?","answer":"Strengthens"}
{"text":["We noted that you're a writing fellow at the Beckley Federal Correctional Institution. Is there a great story in every prisoner?","I think there's a great story in every human being. And that - so that - the same is true. There's a great story in every prisoner.","But the thing that I love about teaching there is just how - obviously, how much it means. The guys who are in my class - being able to sit down once a week for two hours and focus on their writing. And they've told me just to be in a quiet room, too, where, you know, I'll give them a writing assignment, and then we're quiet - they've told me that that, in many ways, is one of the things that is most valuable to them.","Without giving away the end of the novel, does Jodi go on with you in your life now?","She does to less of a degree. I mean, I think when I found the end of the book, I was able to let her go in some ways. I definitely still think about her."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : give away in this context means to tell someone something without much warning, usually a secret ","questions":"What does \"give away\" mean in turn 3?","answer":"Tell"}
{"text":["Right. We should just say. . .","And. . .",". . . Four is the guy who drives this big roller that actually does the work of making the road. And Nine, the kind of party guy, is riding this four-wheeler out ahead to look for interference. It's his job to actually look around.","Yeah. But everywhere he goes, he sort of sows chaos and even though he thinks he's doing the right thing by engaging. And - but Four has been, you know, in many similar situations. And he's a veteran of this work. And so he just says, our job is to do the work - touch as few lives as possible in that way, engage as, you know, as little as possible and get out. And. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He causes chaos and trouble but he does not actually sow it ","questions":"How does Nine engage with interference?","answer":"Engaging"}
{"text":["Thirty years ago today, a democracy movement was snuffed out in China's Tiananmen Square. Tanks opened fire on demonstrators, killing young protesters. This was a pivotal moment in modern Chinese history. And NPR's Deborah Amos covered the crackdown. She joins us to share some of her memories from that time 30 years ago.","Hi, Deb.","Hi there.","So you arrived in the country just after this massacre. Why did the Chinese government allow foreign journalists in?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Snuffed out has the implied meaning of stopping.","questions":"What anniversary is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"thirty"}
{"text":["Well, I think perhaps the most concrete thing here that's been agreed to involves the tariffs that were supposed to take effect on Tuesday. You know, the Trump administration has already put tariffs on a lot of the things that we import from China. They were supposed to go up on Tuesday. That will be suspended. That's the word that was used, but the tariffs that are already in place apparently will remain in place. And there are still additional tariffs that are supposed to take effect in December, and it's not really clear whether they will take effect.","Also, China has agreed to buy more agricultural products from the United States. The president said 40 to $50 billion worth. You know, farmers, of course, have been really hurt by this trade war, and the president has been really anxious to help them out.","The president and his advisers have been clear they wanted a big deal, not something piecemeal. Does this count - phase one of a big deal?","You know, I think it's progress. It means, you know, this is - phase one means there's going to be a phase two and possibly a phase three, which means there's more work to do. I mean, one of - the important thing to point out here is that, apparently, this deal isn't written down on paper yet. That has to be done over, President Trump said, the next three weeks or four weeks or five weeks. And, of course, the devil is always in the details with things like this, in trade talks."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The details will be hard to work out and difficult to deal with.","questions":"Which part of the deal is not yet written down?","answer":"Phase-two"}
{"text":["Well, what it does is it does away with the prohibition against rating on pre-existing conditions, meaning that if you have a pre-existing condition - and about a third of us do - that you could be charged a much higher rate for insurance. So let me give you an example. Somebody is working, they have insurance, and they have a catastrophic illness - cancer, some other calamity. They have to stop working because they need to get their condition taken care of. If they're out for 60 days, they lose their insurance. And now, they have to pay whatever the insurance company decides is the premium because they are - now have a pre-existing condition. Somebody in that situation may never be able to accumulate enough money to pay the very high premiums and get back on the cycle of having continuous insurance coverage.","Now, of course, Speaker Ryan looks forward to what are called now high-risk pools. These would be plans that are essentially devoted to try and accommodate people who have expensive and pre-existing conditions. You're not convinced that would do it.","Well, I think that the problem with those is in the fine print. First of all, very often they are not adequately funded. And many of the high-risk pools have lifetime caps, lifetime limits.","What kind of reforms would you like to make?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) Please choose a confidence score ( marks how confidence you are that there is implied meaning in this turn ) :   4 : You are not sure whether everybody will agree that this turn has implied meanings but you believe that most of them will Please write a implied meaning ( More than 8 words! ) :","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue mentions Speaker Ryan's plan for people with pre-existing conditions?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["You really take us through every single phase of a relationship.","I went through every single phase in the writing of this thing, so. . .","Yeah.","Yeah. Yeah. I went through a breakup with a longtime, like, best friend. And it was, for the first time in my adult years, really in a place where I didn't have anyone to text after the show to be like, it went great or, like, I tripped. But, like, it was a strange sort of loneliness. And I wanted the songs to show that because I felt like I was going to feel less lonely by sharing in a way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The author wrote songs to show that sharing can help with loneliness.","questions":"How did the author deal with their loneliness?","answer":"sharing"}
{"text":["A lot of people are very skeptical of the talks. The government, before even going to Geneva, voiced their concern that they're not going to Geneva to negotiate or deal. They just wanted to go to Geneva to make sure that the Houthis will comply when the U. N.  see a resolution. So to begin with, the political parties were in Geneva not to talk, not for dialogue, not to negotiate. They were there for blinking contests.","And what's the mood there in the capital?","A lot of people are depressed 'cause pretty much everybody was hoping that there's going to be some sort of a truce, especially now that it's the month of Ramadan. It is the holy month for four weeks where people fast. People - they don't actually have food to begin with. But it's a religious month where people fast, so we were hoping for some sort of a cease-fire, some sort of a truce where the blockade will be lifted so that the aid will come in, so that the commercial vessels now stuck at the seaports will be allowed to move in. Yemen imports 90 percent of its food, so we're in dire need of those commercial vessels to be allowed into the country. Unfortunately, the Geneva talks ended without the lifting of the blockade, without a truce being agreed upon.","We should explain to our listeners that blockade has been led by Saudi naval forces to keep weapons out of the hands of rebels. You have said that you're both anti-Houthi and anti-airstrikes. How do you solve one problem without the other?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"fast\" - The word \"fast\" is being used in a religious context to mean abstaining from food and drink during daylight hours as an act of devotion. It is not being used to describe moving quickly.","questions":"Which month is mentioned as a religious month in the dialogue?","answer":"Ramadan"}
{"text":["Yeah, Charles Bergquist is usually the victim of doing it.","Well, thank you, Charles.","And this year, it's September 20th?","September 20th. It's a Thursday night and the winners are going to be coming and great secrecy from five continents."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Charles Bergquist is often blamed for mistakes or problems.","questions":"What is the name of the person who is usually the victim of mistakes or problems according to the conversation?","answer":"Charles"}
{"text":["And let's just say, it was a fishing expedition. It was financed by Trump's opponents in both parties. Some fishing expeditions do come back with fish. And if this one actually did and some of that finds its way into the hands of special independent prosecutor Bob Mueller's investigators, then the dossier might, in some sense, inform their questions about Russian interference because all of this was about Trump's ties to people in Russia.","Right. And those questions about Russian interference will also be front and center in the upcoming hearings that we mentioned for the tech giants - Facebook, Twitter and Google executives who are going to be before Congress over two days this coming week. What will they be grilled about?","You know, in recent days, we have learned a good deal more about how extensive the Russian involvement in social media was, particularly the number of ads running on Facebook and how they were targeted. And some of this was using some of the people in Facebook who work with advertisers - big advertisers - and who help you target exactly the people you're trying to reach.","So this might have been - it appears to have been one of the main ways in which these Russian elements were trying to put a big thumb on the scale in the 2016 election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) Fishing expedition: a search for information or evidence that is conducted with little or no direction and is likely to be fruitless.","questions":"What was the purpose of the fishing expedition mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Election"}
{"text":["Well, I would say that he is a guy that tends to see silver linings in dark clouds. And, you know, this is a man that, in private business, had 10,000 lawsuits over his career, so I think he has a unique ability to sort of quarantine in his mind the impact some of these things have.","And what's the risk in that?","Well, I think the implications, again, is that it's not just about Zelenskiy. It's not about the Ukraine. It's not about Rudy. It's - the can has been opened. Now we have to see if there's good soup inside or worms, right?They're going to be looking for stuff - the House Democrats - that are not going to be very glowing and positive about the president. So if we think these revelations are not good - and now they might get an expedited subpoena power with the impeachment process under way. It's not good.","Does the seriousness of this cast a shadow on the White House?Are they concerned about what, for instance, is going to be coming out today?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He is a guy that sees positive outcomes in times of trouble. He has the ability to not think about the impact some lawsuits have.","questions":"What unique ability does the guy mentioned in turn 0 possess?","answer":"Resilience"}
{"text":["The other thing that we're doing is making a mouse that has Beatrice's exact genetic variant so that we may be able to recapitulate what Beatrice has so - you know, with the muscles and that sort of thing - and then study that mouse in great detail. And also. . .","You're - I mean, you're making an actual, physical, fur-covered mouse?","Yeah. In fact, I just saw a picture of four of the pups today. They carry Bea's identical variation. Mice live to be 2, and so if they develop heart problems or vascular problems or other problems, we'll be able to know that - if we're not able to find other Beatrices.","A lot of people, I gather, are very happy for you and certainly, for Beatrice, but is this necessarily a good example for other families that have a sick child?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The listener is surprised that the speaker is creating an actual, physical mouse with Beatrice's genetic variant for research purposes.","questions":"What is the listener's reaction to the PersonA's plan of creating a physical mouse with Beatrice's genetic variant?","answer":"Reaction"}
{"text":["Anyway, let's talk about Oprah, her TV show, her magazine, popularity in general taking a hit?Do you think it's because she picked a candidate in this race?","I think, that's probably partially what it is. I mean, she does have a very mainstream audience of women, who - a lot of them supported Hillary Clinton, so I'm sure that has something to do with it. But I also take it just a sign of the time. I mean, she's been dominant for a very long time, and you know, there comes a time when that ends, or it certainly begins to fall off a little bit, and I sort of think it's a combination of both.","I don't think it's just her support of Obama, because if you think about it, she really has not really been out there supporting him since January. She did her thing and she pretty much stepped away from it. But I think that when you combine that with the fact that she's dominated for 20 years, and Ellen now is sort of the popular person with all the celebrity guests, I just think it's time to pass the mantle on some level.","Oprah can pass the mantle anytime and still be a billionaire."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Pass the mantle means by passing one recognition to another person.","questions":"How does PersonB describe Oprah's financial status?","answer":"Billionaire"}
{"text":["And how long ago was this?","This was in the beginning of 2007.","And then, what happened with these new terms of your loan?","Well, I was pretty upset about my son and real focused on that and sort of trusted a friend of a friend. And the new terms, I didn't find out until much later, were very bad. I have a balloon payment after five years. I paid 20,000 to get into the loan. I have to pay 20,000 to get out of the loan, and my payments are 1,625 a month."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Not a payment on a balloon, but a very large payment to make.","questions":"Which payment is very large?","answer":"Balloon"}
{"text":["Is this situation just overshadowed by other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?","I think so. I think its a challenge that, you know, Uganda is the third largest refugee-hosting country in the world now, but I think most people dont realize that. When we think about refugees, we often think about the Syria crisis, which is the world's largest. We think about people who are crossing the Mediterranean. But we're not thinking about the now almost a million people who've crossed this land border into Uganda but have also fled from South Sudan into Kenya and Ethiopia and even into Sudan.","We're also in a situation where the administration has sent very limited aid budgets to Congress. And fortunately because the commitment that Congress continues to show, they've actually rejected those steep cuts to humanitarian aid and provided strong funding - robust funding for humanitarian assistance. But we need to see that funding really get out of the bank accounts in D. C.  and get out to the ground, where it's needed.","Has Uganda been been so welcoming?The international community has thought there's relatively little reason to get involved."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  I think so. I think it's a challenge that, you know, Uganda is the third largest refugee-hosting country in the world now, but I think most people don't realize that. When we think about refugees, we often think about the Syria crisis, which is the world's largest. We think about people who are crossing the Mediterranean. But we're not thinking about the now almost a million people who've crossed this land border into Uganda but have also fled from South Sudan into Kenya and Ethiopia and even into Sudan.  Implicated meaning: Most people are not aware of Uganda's significant role as the third largest host country for refugees, as their attention is primarily focused on the Syrian crisis and refugees crossing the Mediterranean. The situation involving almost a million people who have crossed into Uganda from neighboring countries is often overlooked or not given enough consideration.","questions":"Which country is the third largest hosting country for refugees in the world?","answer":"Uganda"}
{"text":["Do these reports of surveillance irritate some special sensitivities in someone like Chancellor Merkel, who - after all - grew up in the East German police state?","Oh, definitely. I mean, this is a very serious situation in the trans-Atlantic relationship. I mean, these reports have started to come out in the summer, but it has been taken to a new level now because I think what Americans underestimate is A, how sensitive not just Chancellor Merkel but Germans in general - and Europeans, actually, in general - feel about privacy violations, particularly as they're handed out in Germany, where some people actually lived through two dictatorships in a row and are very concerned about government surveillance and snooping.","But you've reported in Der Spiegel, though, that Germany does its own surveillance, doesn't it?","Oh, that is true. And I don't think anyone in Germany, or even in Europe, would deny the idea that each and every country has its own intelligence apparatus. And there are some countries in Europe - like the United Kingdom, for example - that is even accused of spying on other Euro member-states. However, I think there are stricter standards among allies. I have spoken to many people that are very familiar with intelligence issues; and they all agree that there is, to the best of their knowledge, spying on American leaders, and spying on members of Congress, and spying on trade delegations. So just to say, well, everybody does it, I don't think that really does justice to these new revelations."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4), the speaker acknowledges that each country has its own intelligence apparatus and that some countries, like the United Kingdom, are accused of spying on other Euro member-states. However, the speaker goes on to argue that there are stricter standards among allies, and that there is a difference between spying on American leaders and members of Congress versus spying on trade delegations. The implied meaning is that spying on American leaders and members of Congress is not acceptable and violates the standards among allies. This is different from the literal meaning, which is that there are stricter standards among allies.","questions":"How does the speaker differentiate between spying on American leaders and members of Congress versus spying on trade delegations?","answer":"Difference"}
{"text":["The resignation of Michael Flynn as national security adviser came after leaks from anonymous sources inside the intelligence community. Anonymous sources have always been a source of tips for reporters, but they've been especially prominent in the first days of the Trump administration. Last night, President Trump called the American news media the enemy of the people. NPR's David Folkenflik joins us. David, thanks for being with us.","Always.","When The Washington Post broke this story, they cited nine current and former officials and said they spoke on condition of anonymity. What kind of editorial decision-making goes in to having a report like this appear?","You can be sure that this rocketed up to the very top of the news hierarchy at a newsroom like The Post. Just the very fact that they took nine sources that they clearly went out of their way to try to check, cross-check, double-check and question what they were about to report that the stakes were that high, that the ramifications of what they were going to report would be so significant that they were going to take this very seriously indeed. And I think you can see that by the solidity of the reporting as far as we know so far. And I think that's also a reflection of how uncertain this story has been to date. You know, if - you may remember before the election, The New York Times had reported that the FBI had found that there were no signs of, you know, such contacts. And I think on this subject, there's a care being given by The Post, by The Times and by other serious news organizations."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This statement implies that the newspaper was taking extra precautions to ensure the accuracy of their reporting.","questions":"Which word describes the level of seriousness with which The Washington Post approached their reporting on the Flynn leaks?","answer":"Serious"}
{"text":["That's Odysseas Papadimitriou, CEO of the personal finance website WalletHub. We've heard about credit card debt being a problem for middle and working classes before, but it's now become an issue for the upper-middle class. Papadimitriou says they're in the sweet spot for this type of easy lending.","It is the consumer group that wants to take on some additional debt and also has the income and the assets to justify so.","On top of that, recent numbers show that people approaching retirement age are also accruing larger amounts of credit card debt.","You know, they're away from retirement enough years to feel like, I will make up for it later on. Let me go and make this purchase. And then they end up later on in retirement with credit card debt."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The sweet spot means they are in a good situation financially to lend to others.","questions":"Which group is in a good financial situation for lending?","answer":"Upper-middle"}
{"text":["Yeah, I'm glad you like that one. That's one of my favorite and I really overdrew that one.","You were - you've become one of the best-known cartoonists in America, but even still, what's your acceptance versus rejection ratio?","Oh, yeah (laughter). This is classically bad. This is, you know, across the board for everyone at The New Yorker. We're supposed to turn in 10 gag ideas, you know, at a sketch level, and on a really good week they'll buy one, so 90 percent rejection is doing great.","I noticed the book is dedicated to your parents. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A: \"This is classically bad. This is, you know, across the board for everyone at The New Yorker. We're supposed to turn in 10 gag ideas, you know, at a sketch level, and on a really good week they'll buy one, so 90 percent rejection is doing great.\"","questions":"Which percentage of gag ideas are typically rejected at The New Yorker?","answer":"90"}
{"text":["Sure, the dollar's stronger today, and it really underscores what has been happening for several months now. The equity market is much lower today, and the dollar is stronger against most major currencies. And the reason for that is because it's what we call a risk averse trade or basically buy the safest thing you can find play. So, when the equity markets go down, people like to buy dollars.","And then large part is in this because so many other currencies around the world are doing even worse than we are.","Well, yeah. I mean, the other countries are doing worse, that's for sure. Europe has some serious problems, Japan, China, but what it boils down to really is where's the safest place to put your money on a short term basis. And time and time again, that ends up in short-term treasury bills in the United States because they're backed by full faith of the U. S.  government. Certainly, if you look across the planet, growth rates have dropped dramatically in the month of January, for instance. In Canada, they were down about 14 and a half percent, in Europe, down seven percent. But places like Brazil were down 30 percent, and Russia was down 45 percent.","Some economists read this as a bet that the U. S.  wasn't just the first country to fall into a mess but will also become the first one out of it. Do you agree?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The information does not boil down, but it gets to the most practical facts.","questions":"How does the information reach its conclusion?","answer":"Analyzing"}
{"text":["That's an excellent question, and we're particularly challenged in this regard. On the Princeton campus, we have the only Civil War memorial in the world, as far as I know, that lists the names of students who died both for the Southern cause and the Northern cause but without indicating the side for which they died.","So the official Civil War memory as it was encoded on this campus was what we would call a reconciliationist memory. Each boy was equally right. Each boy was fighting for the side that he believed in. And it's a way of remembering the Civil War that completely erases slavery as the cause of the war and the great moral stake of that war. So this tension between remembering and commemorating is front and center in a monument on our own campus.","And so what are your thoughts on that tension?","(Laughter) I don't think we need to change our Civil War monument. I think it's an artifact of a particular historical time, and I think it's a wonderful starting point for a conversation about why Princeton chose to remember her alumni in that particular way."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Civil War monument on Princeton campus erases slavery as the cause of the war and the great moral stake of that war.","questions":"What does the Civil War monument on Princeton campus erase from its memory?","answer":"slavery"}
{"text":["You know, let's come back to the Large Hadron Collider because if you talk about things, if you talk about this theme, there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the other one that you know well is the prediction from string theory and similar theories that there are extra dimensions. And one of the ways to look for things like extra dimensions or shadow universes is to look for the leakage of material from our universe into their universe.","And let me use the LHC. One way to look for evidence of extra dimensions would be to carefully look at collisions that take place at the Large Hadron Collider and look for some of the energy to disappear. And what's interesting about that technique is when I put there's - when I say there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the top of my list would be neutrinos, and we now know neutrinos exist. We can't see them with the eye, but we can build detectors to detect them. And the original evidence for the neutrino was missing energy in beta decays that were observed in the early part of the last century and then poly-hypothesize this particle, the neutrino. And eventually, we built detectors that were sensitive enough. So this technique of looking for energy leaking out of our universe going elsewhere is a very powerful technique for looking for things that we can't see.","Michael Turner, a pleasure as always to come have you come on and explain this stuff to us. Thanks a lot, Michael.","Glad to be on."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  the speaker is discussing the possibility of extra dimensions and shadow universes, and how we can look for evidence of them at the Large Hadron Collider by observing the disappearance of energy. The actual meaning is not just about staying silent or not making noise, but rather exploring the concept of extra dimensions and the technique of observing energy leakage.","questions":"How can we look for evidence of extra dimensions at the Large Hadron Collider?","answer":"Disappearance"}
{"text":["Asa, reading the article, it sounds like you wanted to get off after the first day.","I wanted to get off after about the third day. I realized once we had moved around a bit that the majority of the experience ended up being waiting, rather than getting on trains or riding them. And the other thing I found is that once you're on board, it's very loud. And even though I had expected to be talking to my father on board, it was really difficult to have conversation. We'd have to kind of shout at each other. And so most of the time I was lying. I'd be reading, or listening to music if possible. And the views we saw were incredible. Some of the most beautiful places I've ever been. But you can only take so much of just lying in the same place, especially when it's very loud and you have to wait on hot tracks for a train to come, not knowing if it's going to be there. And I had had about enough of that after the third day.","We should explain you guys slept in motels, too.","Yeah, that is true."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This turn does not mean that the speaker is proposing to explain that they slept in motels, but rather that they are suggesting to mention it as an additional piece of information to the conversation, which is a different meaning than the literal one.","questions":"How did the speaker intend to use the information about sleeping in motels in their conversation?","answer":"Explain"}
{"text":["The federal investigations looming over the Trump administration kicked into high gear this past week, yielding legal consequences for not one but four of his associates. Former campaign Chairman Paul Manafort was convicted on eight counts in federal court while, at virtually the same time, Trump's personal lawyer Michael Cohen pleaded guilty and implicated the president. Add to that news that prosecutors reached immunity deals with two Trump allies - David Pecker, the publisher of the National Enquirer, and Allen Weisselberg, chief financial officer of The Trump Organization. To sort through what all this means, I'm joined by Anne Milgram, a former state and federal prosecutor and former attorney general of New Jersey. Welcome to the program.","Thanks for having me.","And let's talk about that immunity. Prosecutors have worked out deals to get cooperation from at least these two men that we know about. What's the upshot of that?","So the upshot with Pecker, I think, could be enormous for the government in terms of getting evidence about Donald Trump. We understand that he had - he's friends with Trump for 20 years or more and that they've had a long relationship. What I think is one of the most interesting questions here is not just that he's cooperated related to the Cohen piece but also what other evidence he may have. Were there other deals made?Were there other stories that they caught and killed, as they say in the business, where they pay people to not actually publish a story and not have it go public?So that, I think, is particularly interesting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Kicked into high gear isn't literal. It's a phrase meaning the investigations started to produce some results and seemed likely to produce more.","questions":"What does the phrase \"kicked into high gear\" mean?","answer":"Progress"}
{"text":["She says, look, we've got to do something some investment on sort of global warming issues, energy, independence issues. Let's use the recession to start creating a green economy.","Now, when you look at someone who is no longer in the race, John Edwards, he was often portrayed by supporters and portrayed himself as someone who was going to make ending poverty the center of his campaign. How would his approach have differed from both Senators Obama and Clinton?","Well, actually it turns out at the end of the day, the Edwards approach is fairly similar to sort of a combination of the Clinton and Obama proposals, and that's not surprising. Because John Edwards was the person who came out with a plan first - I thought it was the best plan - and the other candidates fit in in a lot of issues, actually copied John Edwards. In fact, John Edwards was - has truly been a forcing figure during this election, compelling Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton, both, to be more progressive than they might otherwise have been.","Well, let's talk a little bit about political philosophy. We've talked a bit about trickle-down economics, but then there's also the model of the government getting directly involved. Certainly ending the great depression by creating jobs itself - everything from jobs for writers and artists to road building, infrastructure. That does not seem to be a model that's been followed, certainly not to that extent - in decades. Is that even on the table, the whole prospect of the government actually stepping in and doing job creation itself?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"John Edwards was - has truly been a forcing figure during this election, compelling Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton, both, to be more progressive than they might otherwise have been.\" - The literal meaning is that John Edwards has pushed Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton to be more progressive in their policy proposals. The actual meaning is that John Edwards has had a significant impact on the policy proposals of the other candidates and has influenced the overall political discourse during the election.","questions":"Which candidate has truly been a forcing figure during this election?","answer":"Edwards"}
{"text":["And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?","Well, so all of this water from upstream that's coming from northeast Oklahoma is heading downstream into Tulsa. They have these aging levees. Many of them were built in the 1940s. The Keystone Dam is releasing huge amounts of water, and that has led to thousands of people being evacuated from their homes in the Tulsa area.","And then if you go down river, as you get closer to Arkansas, some communities, like Braggs and Webbers Falls, have been totally emptied out. One mayor earlier this week told people that if they refuse to evacuate, they should write their identification on their arm.","Wow. I mean, it does sound as though it's just an overwhelmingly awful combination of floods and tornadoes and bad weather. What are people saying as you are out and about interviewing people and, I guess, just talking to your own neighbors?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The levees are old and unable to handle the amount of water released from Keystone Dam, resulting in many evacuations.","questions":"How are the levees in Tulsa?","answer":"Old"}
{"text":["It's just instinct.","It's just instinct.","I'm a photographer. I'm going to take a photograph.","Exactly. I'm thinking it's another person. Like, two people just passed me. I haven't identified him as a shooter until I looked through the lens. I didn't get scared - really scared until it was quiet, and I'm in the corner. And I'm assuming he's advancing at me and he's going to pass me. And I just kept saying to myself - I just kept praying just, please don't pass me; do not see me.","And it wasn't till I heard some voices saying, where did he go?Where did he go?And that's when a police officer across the street came into my field of view. And I could see him, and I was like, relieved, that if he's in the open, then the threat must be gone. So that's when I felt better about it.","You know, after police shot him, you were still working. You were still covering this. There are photos, I'm looking at online, where you are photographing the body on the ground. You were careful not to show his face. That's your training, too."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A describes his fear and relief during a shooting incident","questions":"How was PersonA feeling during the shooting incident?","answer":"scared"}
{"text":["Right. We're all talking about the wrong thing anyway. Most gun deaths are caused by the guns that people aren't trying to ban right now. You know, we're focused again on assault rifles. They don't kill that many people. In the spectacular shootings, we see the use of so-called assault rifles. But it's - handguns are responsible for most of the gun-related suicides. And that's half the - half the gun deaths in this country. And in the low-level street violence that you see in many cities, it's mainly a handgun issue. So we're not even talking about the things that are causing most of the deaths. But in the media climate in which we exist, these spectacular events get all of the attention. And the shootings on the streets of Chicago - one dead, two dead at a time - they don't get any attention. But that's the - that's the - that's the real center of the gun problem in this country.","Do you think the shootings we saw in San Bernardino do represent something different in - forgive me - the mass-shooting scenario. . .","Right.","Something different than what we've seen, and for that matter - obviously it's speculated at this point - but people who might not have been directed by any kind of authority overseas but inspired by something like that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn (2) implies a question, implying that the speaker is asking if the shootings in San Bernardino represent something different than what we've seen in other mass shootings, and if they could be potentially inspired by something like a foreign authority-directed attack.","questions":"Which event is PersonB asking about in relation to the possibility of being inspired by a foreign authority-directed attack?","answer":"San-Bernardino"}
{"text":["Now, the Russian government doesn't get many chances in this context internationally, on the global stage, to do the right thing. I have been criticizing the Russian government while I am here. What more can I do to satisfy you or any of these critics who hold these positions?The reality is there is nothing that will satisfy them because it is their suspicion, it is their skepticism, it is their distrust of the Russian government as an institution which is motivating this.","I mean, do I have to detail for you the ways in which the Putin government has earned (laughter) some suspicion?","No, no. Absolutely not. Again, I agree with you. This (laughter) - look, look; this is why I have been criticizing the Russian government. There's no distance between us on that. I'm not saying Vladimir Putin is an angel. I'm not even saying Vladimir Putin is a decent guy. What I'm saying is you have to understand there doesn't need to be a quid pro quo here for it to make sense.","Edward Snowden. Elsewhere in the program, he talks about his work at the NSA before he leaked classified information and tells us what's keeping him from returning to the U. S.  to face trial."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He is not saying that Putin never does anything wrong and is very nice.","questions":"Which government institution is being distrusted by the critics according to the speaker?","answer":"Russian-government"}
{"text":["But you're reporting the car companies don't want this to end up in the courts. How come?","So it takes a long time to bring a car to market. It takes five years to introduce a new product for these automakers. So they're planning years in advance. If you know what the regulations are going to be in five years, you can make decisions about what kinds of cars you want to bring to market.","If you don't know because it's up in the air and a judge could issue a ruling at any time that will change the regulation of your entire industry, then there's a lot of uncertainty. So even some carmakers who, again, were kind of skeptical about the original rules are really adamant now that they definitely don't want this feud, this back-and-forth, to continue.","They just want clarity. NPR's Camila Domonoske, thank you so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Car companies want to know the future regulations to plan ahead","questions":"How do car companies plan ahead?","answer":"Regulations"}
{"text":["What changed your mind because you did start college for a while?","Well, ever heard of the Three Cs?Civilian Conservation Corps, that was started by Franklin Delano Roosevelt, at that time the president of the United States. And he started that program to get young boys like me off the street and try to put them in places where they could learn a trade. And I joined that, and that's when I started to learn about gasoline engine, diesel engines and heavy equipment.","That probably served you pretty well when you went into the military. How did you get into the military and what did you do once you went in?","After I left the CCC camp, I went to the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth, Virginia. That's where I learned to run engine lathe and I made part for ships. And I wanted to volunteer for the Army, but I was drafted. And drafted and was sent to Camp Ellis, Illinois where I take my basic training and went to - overseas in a quartermaster service company in Germany, first France."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"And drafted and was sent to Camp Ellis, Illinois where I take my basic training and went to - overseas in a quartermaster service company in Germany, first France.\" - The phrase \"take my basic training\" is a figurative expression meaning to undergo or complete the required military training, rather than actually taking or carrying something.","questions":"How did the speaker undergo their required military training?","answer":"Training"}
{"text":["Can I say [expletive]?","Nope. You sure can't. So we're going to call them useless. Giertz lives on a houseboat in Sweden and has found fame through posting videos of her useless robots online.","The first one that I did with a robot arm is called the Breakfast Machine. And it's basically a robot arm that I programmed to pour cereal and milk into a bowl and then feed it to me with a spoon. But all it does is, like, pour the cereal everywhere.","It throws the packet on the floor and it pours milk everywhere, including over me. And it doesn't actually manage to feed me anything. But it does hand me an empty spoon, so it succeeded in that part at least."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) The robot arm did not actually succeed in feeding the person, despite handing them an empty spoon. The actual meaning is that the robot arm is not very useful or effective.","questions":"Which part of the robot arm's task did it successfully complete?","answer":"Spoon"}
{"text":["OK.  Give us the background now. He has been charged with eight felony counts, including perjury and obstruction of justice.","Correct.","Remind us what happened.","Well, this all began quite some time ago. We're talking about a case that involves the firing of a couple police officers. And supposedly, these police officers were fired because they were investigating misconduct on the part of the mayor. And the mayor came up with a settlement, an $8. 4 million settlement that was paid out of the city's coffers."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : a request for a reminder of the timeline of events leading up to the current situation.","questions":"What was the reason for the police officers' firing?","answer":"investigating"}
{"text":["He says it's incumbent on the press and on the media not to make it easy for celebrities to have these terribly serious transgressions alleged and be able to skate by on their charm, on their fame, on their accomplishments outside the arena of these allegations. He said, you know, it is precisely the inconvenient moment where you have all these stars - and Woody Allen is in South of France because of the debut of his new film.","And you have stars like Blake Lively, Jesse Eisenberg and others who are there, Steve Carell. And he says we should be hearing them asked what it's like to work with an alleged child molester - and by the way, those are his words, not mine - rather than asked, you know, what costumes were you wearing?How did you like your outfits?What was it like to work with this great director?","That's his argument. He says it's uncomfortable but these questions need to be asked, otherwise powerful people can get away with terrible things.","How do you feel about that?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : That's his argument. He says it's uncomfortable but these questions need to be asked, otherwise powerful people can get away with terrible things.\"  Implicated meaning: The speaker acknowledges that the questions being proposed might cause discomfort, but they are necessary to prevent powerful individuals from evading consequences for their atrocious deeds. Without asking these challenging questions, there is a risk of enabling the privileged to escape accountability for their actions.","questions":"What is the reason for asking uncomfortable questions?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["Yeah. It's very strange. We are being admonished to go everywhere and spend. And we're also told that spending is what got us into this ditch in the first place. And further, that once we're done spending and get out of the ditch, we really need to stop spending so much and start saving.","So it gets even more confusing because there's going to be some magical moment at which we are to stop shopping and start saving.","Seems like we're in that magical moment, but it's not magical.","(Laughing) No, it's not magical. But I think we're still at the moment where we're supposed to be at spending. And of course, that's not happening."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The advice we receive about spending and saving is contradictory.","questions":"Which moment is referred to as magical?","answer":"Magical"}
{"text":["Now, Mr.  Trump often points out that the school, at least on the website, had an overwhelmingly favorable rating from former students. But the plaintiffs say that it wasn't like that at all.","Really, that's exactly what they say. They argue that the whole point to this school was to keep selling students increasingly expensive seminars. First, there was a free introductory course where students were told they could make tens of thousands of dollars in just a couple of months using Trump's investment techniques.","But to learn those, they had to sign up for another seminar that cost about 1,500 bucks. And at that seminar, they were sold another course that cost as much as $35,000. They claim that students were encouraged to go into credit-card debt and even cash out their 401(k)s to pay for these top-level courses.","The settlement was reached. Well, one of these suits was about to go to trial on Monday, wasn't it?","Yeah, it was, though attorneys for Trump wanted it delayed because he was too busy with the transition. But, clearly, his schedule wasn't going to get any easier once he became president. So the judge in the case was urging both sides to settle."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the settlement in the lawsuit had already been reached. However, the actual meaning is that the settlement was being discussed and was close to being reached.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue has a literal and an actual meaning?","answer":"turn"}
{"text":["Absolutely not. In fact, the people of my state should know we are doing everything in our power to defend them. If it comes to a legal fight with the Trump administration, we're prepared to have it. I've had some experience with taking on the Trump administration litigation. We have yet to lose a case yet, and I don't plan on starting with this issue.","Attorney General Bob Ferguson of Washington state, thanks so much.","Oh, thank you, Scott. Have a great day.","And we contacted the Department of Justice for comment on Mr.  Ferguson's remarks about Attorney General Sessions. We have yet to receive a response."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the reporter contacted the Department of Justice for comment, but the implied meaning is that the reporter wants to highlight the lack of response from the Department of Justice, which can suggest a lack of transparency or accountability.","questions":"Which issue does turn (4) suggest a lack of transparency or accountability about?","answer":"Response"}
{"text":["That's right. They said they would, and they're going to do it. Universal background checks for gun buyers is one of the bills they're going to vote on. These are measures with broad public support, many having arisen since the most horrific mass shootings we have seen in recent months and years.","Senator Bernie Sanders entered the 2020 race for president this week - I think $6 million he raised within 48 hours or something. But he touched off a recurrent question about if he's really a Democrat in all ways, maybe. This week, he refused to call Nicolas Maduro a dictator.","You know, terminology and labels are not ultimately where people live, but they can have meaning and effect when it comes to campaigns. We certainly saw that in 2016. Sanders only calls himself a Democrat when he's seeking to be the party nominee for president. The rest of the time and in Congress, he calls himself an independent. And that may be more accurate.","The phrase democratic socialist that Sanders uses a lot - that has quite a few fans, especially among younger voters, who seem to take this word socialist in stride. Older voters still remember the years when to be a socialist was to be on the wrong side of the Cold War in many people's minds. And voters of all ages will be taking part in those primaries and caucuses starting in less than a year.","Thanks so much. Ron Elving, thanks for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Sanders only calls himself a Democrat when he's seeking to be the party nominee for president.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that Sanders identifies as a Democrat only when he is running for the party's presidential nomination. The actual meaning is that the speaker is implying that Sanders is not a true Democrat.","questions":"How does Sanders identify himself when he's not seeking to be the party nominee for president?","answer":"Independent"}
{"text":["So along the way, you met a lot of interesting characters. And I want to particularly talk about a sommelier named Morgan Harris. He plays a big role. He's kind of like your wine shepherd. Tell us a little bit about him.","Ah, my wine fairy godmother. I mean, he's just amazing. He was my - he was really my mentor. He had this magnetic passion for wine. I mean, the first time I met him, I basically sat through a 2. 5-hour monologue that was an ode to everything from the great Rieslings of the early 20th century to the $1,200 bottle of champagne he thought would be a religious experience.","So this is a question - because he is this sort of wine evangelist if you will, he believes wines can recontextualize people's places in the universe. First of all, what does that mean?","And second of all - I mean, do you think that wine really has the power that he says it does?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Ah, my wine fairy godmother.\" Here, the speaker is using the metaphorical term \"wine fairy godmother\" to describe Morgan Harris's significant influence and guidance in the speaker's journey with wine. The literal meaning of \"fairy godmother\" is a mythical character who grants wishes and provides guidance and support.","questions":"Which metaphorical term does the speaker use to describe Morgan Harris's influence and guidance with wine?","answer":"Wine"}
{"text":["On the whole, that - it's been amazing. The volunteers, the support has been amazing. Obviously, there's a small percentage of people who are detractors and don't like the idea at all. But I think most of them are just kind of misinformed on what the status is of the asylum-seekers. And, you know, they want them all to go home, and that's just not possible. But on the whole, it's been really positive.","Well, you mentioned that some residents of your community are curious about the status. I wonder, has Customs and Border Protection told you not just what you're supposed to do with these people but how long you should plan on them being there?","Well, first of all they're - they have a legal U. S.  status, so there's nothing that we're supposed to do with them.","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The asylum-seekers have a legal status, which means the speaker is not responsible for them.","questions":"What is the legal status of the asylum-seekers mentioned by the speaker?","answer":"Legal"}
{"text":["And he says the Pakistani government helped conceal Osama bin Laden and set him up. That's not true?","I mean, the truth of the matter is it was hard for us to believe that they didn't know given his location. But in all of the lead up to the raid and in all the materials that we captured when bin Laden was killed, there wasn't a shred of evidence that the Pakistanis knew. So was there a suspicion that they knew where he was?Yes. But we never found any evidence to support that. And in the notion that they set him up is, I think, a fiction.","Robert Gates, the former Secretary of Defense, now president of the Boy Scouts of America, meeting at their annual convention this week in Atlanta. Mr.  Gates's memoir \"Duty\" is out in paperback this week. Mr.  Gates, thanks so much for being with us.","My pleasure, thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  A's turn is an example of an expression whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning of A's words suggests that there was a suspicion that the Pakistani government knew about Osama bin Laden's location, but no evidence was found to support this suspicion. However, the actual meaning is that there was a strong suspicion that the Pakistani government knew about bin Laden's location, but no concrete evidence was found to confirm this suspicion.","questions":"Which statement in the dialogue expresses the difference between the actual meaning and the literal meaning of PersonA's words?","answer":"turn-1"}
{"text":["Correct. It was one of the first ones to come out like that, and so I had no idea it was different from any other game. I just thought it was another game. And he, within three months of playing it, he started - it started affecting his real life negatively. He lost his job. He got evicted from his apartment. By the way, he was 20 years old when he started playing this, so he was an adult. But very quickly it showed negative effects. His personality changed. He started becoming a different person. He became withdrawn, antisocial, depressed. His focus became gaming, and he no longer was concerned about his real life or his future.","When you think about your son, do you think that there were other underlying issues, whether it was depression or some other condition, that caused him to be susceptible to this?I mean, how do you balance that thought out?","I agree with that 100 percent. He had ADD, and from my experience, since 2002, probably 99 percent of the gamers that we've talked to who have problems with gaming have ADD. It seems to make them more susceptible.","Attention deficit."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People with ADD are more susceptible to problems with gaming.","questions":"Which condition makes gamers more susceptible to problems?","answer":"ADD"}
{"text":["Yes, they are in re-settlement areas. For example, in Mozambique you have 258,000 people, 90,000 of whom have been displaced over the past month or so. In Malawi you already have 700 cholera cases that have been reported. You have about 152,000 people who have been affected. So they are moving away from their home areas into re-settlement camps.","Let's move to Kenya in the east of Africa. The talks between President Kibaki and opposition leader Raila Odinga continue today outside of Nairobi and the negotiations are being mediated by former U. N.  Secretary General Kofi Annan. Since the post-election violence began in late December, more than 1,000 people have been killed and hundreds of thousands have been displaced. There are also reports of a wave of sexual violence against women who've been displaced by this turmoil. So Cassandra, what's going on here?","Since the violence after the disputed elections on December 27th, we're seeing that this situation has put women and girls at great risk of sexual assault. We know that always in situations of conflict women and girls are in danger. And in Kenya it is no different. We are hearing reports from Nairobi, from the Nairobi general hospital, that there may be as many as double the number of cases of rape within the days following the eruption of the violence.","And what we know is that for every case that is being treated or is being reported, there are many more victims who fail to seek help."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"put women and girls at great risk of sexual assault\" is a figurative expression, meaning that women and girls are in danger of being sexually assaulted, and not a literal placement of women and girls in a dangerous situation.","questions":"How is the statement interpreting the phrase \"put women and girls at great risk of sexual assault\"?","answer":"Danger"}
{"text":["When I got toward the end of my research, I tried to contact all the women that I had spoken with and just said, hey, would your husbands be willing to talk?The interesting thing about it was when I spoke to the women, they were all so enthusiastic and passionate. When I talked to their husbands, they were really nice, but they were so clearly disinterested in the topic. It wasn't that they didn't know that their wives are never frustrated with them. It just didn't seem particularly important to them. And I don't mean to imply that they were cold to their wives or indifferent to their wives. It just really didn't register as such a big deal.","Like a fact of life - like, this is just the way things are.","Yes, absolutely. In fact, one of the women that I interviewed said to me, my husband sees we have an issue with this. But he considers it my problem. So he says to me, there's really nothing I can do, and it would be helpful if you weren't so bothered by this.","Wow. Let me ask you this. The amount of child care that men take on was actually rising in the 1980s and '90s. But then we did see it level off. So what happened?It seemed like we were sort of making some progress in this issue."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Level off here means that there is some downfall in the amount and does not mean levelling something.","questions":"How does \"level off\" in turn 3 differ from its usual meaning?","answer":"Downfall"}
{"text":["I have - I guess it's a practical question because I'm remembering a number of executions that were stalled because there's been this shortage of drugs available to carry out executions. Has that changed?","It has not changed. But Attorney General Bill Barr says the Justice Department no longer wants to use that three-drug cocktail. Instead, he says, Justice is going to follow the protocol already deployed by states like Georgia and Texas. They use just one of those drugs. And Bill Barr says that method has been upheld by federal courts already, so he says it's not out of line with the Eighth Amendment ban on cruel and unusual punishment.","And, Carrie, this decision by the federal government would seemed to run counter to what we're actually watching happen in a number of states, isn't that right?","Exactly. Across the country, the population on death row in states has been shrinking for many years. There were just 25 executions last year. They seem to happen more often in southern states. And the Justice Department says it now takes on average more than 20 years between a state death sentence and an actual execution. So in many states, people are dying of natural causes before they can be executed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to run counter with something means that the opposite of what was predicted to happen actually happened despite the circumstances","questions":"How does the federal government's decision seem to go against what is happening in a number of states?","answer":"Opposite"}
{"text":["You know, I'm not sure exactly where the cuts will take place. I know they've got several issues in mind. I think it's definitely a reflection upon the times right now, and how difficult the environment is for financial service firms.","You wrote in your piece today that the bonus pool is still the sixth largest on record. How much money was it overall?","Overall, it was 18. 4 billion, but it was down from about 33 billion last year. So it's a decline, but it's still, like you said, the sixth largest, so there's been thoughts that the past compensations have gotten a little excessive. So there's definitely an argument that that was the case.","And all of this in the wake of a bonus scandal at Merrill Lynch. What's been going on there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The fact that the bonus pool is the sixth largest on record contradicts the idea of financial service firms facing difficult times.","questions":"Which argument contradicts the idea of financial service firms facing difficult times?","answer":"Compensations"}
{"text":["OK. So, speaking of the Senate and Senator Obama, he will resign his seat on Sunday. His replacement will be appointed by the governor of Illinois, Rod Blagojevich. Who are the likely candidates, and who's likely to actually be appointed?","Well, the most likely candidate and the person most likely to be appointed is Jesse Jackson Jr. , the congressman from Chicago. But there are a range of candidates, and it's quite interesting because, as you know, the governor is in political hot water himself. His numbers are very low. There's all sorts of talk of investigations and the like.","So, the question is, would he, potentially, maybe appoint somebody who's a close ally in the state legislature?There's the 73-year-old Emil Jones. Then, what about pressure from the Hispanic community?There's Congressman Luis Gutierrez. And there's also talk about Tammy Duckworth - Tammy Duckworth, who runs the Veterans Affairs Department for Illinois, and she is a double amputee and close to Obama. But there are also people who might be potentially opponents for the governor going forward, like the attorney general, Lisa Madigan, or the treasurer. So, there's all these kinds of angles to the game that are very interesting. But it looks at this moment, most likely, that you're going to end up with Jesse Jackson Jr.","OK.  And Juan, what was your best political conversation of this week?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Senator Obama is leaving the Senate to become president","questions":"Which political figure is leaving the Senate to take up a new role?","answer":"Obama"}
{"text":["What's missing from that?","I mean, a deeper understanding of why Syrians rose up in the first place. I mean, this is a regime that's been in power for 50 years. It has outlasted eight U. S.  presidents since Nixon. Think about that. And Bashar's organizing elections again in 2021, and he intends to run. So there's a chance he will probably outlast Trump, even if Trump wins a second term.","Sam Dagher is author of the book \"Assad Or We Burn The Country. \"He also contributes to The Atlantic. Sam, thank you so much for being with us.","You're welcome, Noel."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Syrian regime's longevity is a sign of their power and oppression, and Bashar's reelection will likely outlast Trump's presidency.","questions":"How long has the Syrian regime been in power?","answer":"50"}
{"text":["North Korea is on the verge of a nuclear breakout. It has an arsenal estimated in the mid-teens. It's been assiduously testing ballistic missiles. It does have reach. It could target America's regional allies. The real inflection point here is that by 2020, they could have a hundred nuclear weapons instead of the mid-teens with long-range ballistic missiles that could reach the U. S.  homeland, which would make it a game-changer for the United States.","Well, how?","Well, it would allow them to directly target the United States. And that's a level of vulnerability we've never had from a state like North Korea. I mean, when I got into this business, I couldn't have conceived of a state like North Korea, essentially a failed state, having a nuclear arsenal approaching half the size of Great Britain's.","We're left with, really, three bad options - one - you know - bomb, negotiate or acquiesce. And the military option is so prohibitively costly it could lead to a catastrophic second Korean War. And when we can't - when we won't negotiate, we end up in that third box of acquiescing to the development of North Korean capabilities. And I believe there's a moment - a conjunction of factors that call for a pivot to serious diplomacy.","Well, what would that serious diplomacy look like?I mean, I - the United States would have to - what?- accept a. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) A: \"And I believe there's a moment - a conjunction of factors that call for a pivot to serious diplomacy.\" - The literal meaning would be that the speaker thinks it's time to switch to more serious diplomacy with North Korea. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker believes that the current situation with North Korea calls for a change in approach and a greater emphasis on diplomacy rather than military action or acquiescence to North Korea's nuclear capabilities.","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion on the current situation with North Korea?","answer":"Change"}
{"text":["Well, many millions have lifted out of poverty and many millions seemed to have been lifted into the pockets of the top leaders. And so that, I think, reporting of socioeconomic inequity and privilege is a source of corruption in the Communist Party that really has to be managed or dealt with in some decisive form by President Xi.","And is there going to be realignment?And you look towards the new leadership in South Korea. The United States, of course, has had a longstanding security relationship with South Korea, going back to the war there in the early 1950s. And, of course, you mentioned the treaty with Japan and United States have been - had bases there since 1945. There - is there going to be any fundamental change in those relationships, do you think?","The change is not coming so much in the U. S. -Japan or in the U. S. -Korea alliance relationships at this stage. There are some rising tensions that have emerged in the South Korea-Japan relationship that present, I think, a challenge for U. S.  policymakers. You know, one of the aspects of the U. S.  pivot or rebalancing policy is that it suggests that we want allies to work together or horizontally with each other more actively.","But Korea and Japan are increasingly facing divisions over history issues and with a woman South Korean president and a Japanese prime minster, who has raised questions about some of the comfort women issues; it suggests that we've got potentially a rocky road ahead."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This means that the leaders are corrupt - there is nothing quite literally going into their pockets. ","questions":"How does PersonA suggest the reporting of socioeconomic inequity and privilege is a source of corruption in the Communist Party?","answer":"Source"}
{"text":["So there you are standing in the checkout line, that one with a big sign above it that says express, 10 items or less. You notice the basket of the woman in front of you. You silently start tallying. OK, eight or nine items, fine. But wait, she has a six pack under her hand, and under her other arm is a bag of pretzels. And then she's going for that pack of gum. And you're fighting the urge to scream: You had no business in the express line.","If that's you, then John Trinkaus feels your pain. He decided that instead of complaining about it, though, he'd study it. Trinkaus researches not only the express line, but how many people stop at stop signs and the average wait at the doctor's office. My next guest is Marc Abrahams, editor and co-founder of the Annals of Improbable Research, and the founder and master of ceremonies for the Ig Nobel Prize. He'll explain the data details and why it's the simple things that count. He joins us from WBUR in Boston. Hi, Marc.","Hello, Flora.","Tell me - give me some other names of his studies, because they're all really funny."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : John Trinkaus studies seemingly mundane things, but they can reveal significant patterns.","questions":"What does John Trinkaus study?","answer":"Studies"}
{"text":["I find it interesting that the thing that I think is their signature model, which is the pinching effect, they didn't care about or seem to want to protect that.","It was - so the pinch to zoom, it's something that they've litigated with HTC against, I believe, in the past. They were using - they had a handful of other different user interface features. There's one, double-tap to zoom, so when you double-tap, say, a little article on the New York Times homepage, it'll, you know, expand to take up the full screen.","And that was in the core - the jury agreed that was something they owned.","Correct."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Apple did not protect the feature that is most associated with their product.","questions":"Which company?","answer":"Apple"}
{"text":["Well, the thing that's on the drawing board right now is the economic stimulus plan, and I think we do need a very large plan that would include increases in government spending and tax cuts.","To add to this troubled economy, we now have the latest unemployment figures out this morning from major metropolitan areas. Here's how they look. In November 2007, 18 areas reported jobless rates of at least seven percent. In November 2008, that number jumped to 121. Which areas have seen the highest unemployment rate?","Well, the most significant problems are in the industrial Midwest. As we all know, the auto industry is having a great deal of difficulty, and layoffs have been very severe. Also, in parts of the country where the housing market has been hit hard - California, Florida, Arizona, Nevada - there, too, employment has fallen, unemployment has risen.","And which areas are seeing the lowest unemployment numbers?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The unemployment rate has dramatically increased in various metropolitan areas.","questions":"Which economic plan does PersonA mention needs to include increases in government spending and tax cuts?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["That's correct. Yes, well, the last thing we've heard it was just outside of Port Fourchon, which is at the lower end of LaFourche Parish. So the winds have been picking up a bit and that's what we're getting ready for here. So far, however, we are putting stuff up on the web and we haven't stopped all night.","I hear people on the radio behind you, you must be at a sort of emergency control headquarters or something?","No, no, not us; we're just communicating with our reporters. We have reporters out in different parts of the parish, and we're trying to keep in touch with them as we can, and get what information they're getting as travel with the authorities.","What are you going to do when your internet connection goes down?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker assumes that the background noise suggests an emergency control headquarters","questions":"What assumption does the speaker make about the background noise?","answer":"Emergency"}
{"text":["Absolutely. They used to end up there in the French Riviera and big mansions in Europe. Now they tend to also end up in Europe but not in big mansions but in the criminal court - in The Hague.","And has that had the effect of making it more difficult sometimes to get rid of certain people?","Absolutely. They are - they don't trust now any promises that they will not be prosecuted or taken in front of a judge. And also, you know, the standards of human rights internationally have changed. And there is a very active community - globally - that chases after dictators and people that have violated human rights and have committed the crimes against humanity, which is the case for many of them.","Now, isn't the logic of that - the humanitarian logic of that - that knowing they might have to face criminal charges will discourage dictators from striking out at their own people?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It is being implied that the criminals are having a difficult time.","questions":"Which group of people are being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Criminals"}
{"text":["That food has made this humble eatery among the best restaurants in the city, topping the lists of every Houston publication and more recently, after a visit from Anthony Bourdain in 2016, the country.","We'll let you choose what we eat.","OK, wonderful. Thank you.","Creamy chai is set on the table - then vegetable fritters and spicy samosas."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"among the best\" represent there are other restaurants in the city that are considered to be the best.","questions":"Which city?","answer":"Houston"}
{"text":["Well, they've arrested these two men. One is an official in the office of the governor of the province. The other is the president of the university. Those would seem to be two pretty prominent individuals. Does anyone know what's happened to them, where they are?","That's still murky right now. We know they've been arrested. We don't know where they're being held, and according to Iraqi officials, they've apparently been arrested on charges of committing violence, committing terrorism. We don't much - really much more than that.","So we have this day in Iraq. It begins with this pretty normal thing, a visit from a - from the leader of a neighboring country, and then this kind of a development, which doesn't sound normal at all. It leaves you kind of wondering, one step forward, one step backwards.","Sure, but, you know, what it really illustrates is how uneven the security situation in Iraq is. Sure, you're seeing signs of progress. You're seeing neighboring leaders and neighboring countries visit. You are seeing violence levels down, but there are still large parts of Iraq that could explode at any moment. And it really shows how little the security situation is in many areas."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) In turn (3), the speaker implies that the recent events in Iraq are not normal and that there is a sense of uncertainty and instability, despite some signs of progress.","questions":"How would you describe the recent events in Iraq according to the implied meaning of turn 3?","answer":"Uncertainty"}
{"text":["So they set up a system of community courts - without lawyers - to sort of repurpose a system that really had only been used for small claims mitigation in traditional Rwanda, called gacaca, and have open, communal - what we might call a town hall - format for trials. And then the idea was to hold people accountable and have a system of punishment. And this system banked very heavily on encouraging confession and rewarding it. But the confessions were supposed to be also verified by the community.","And what was the specific role of the victims or their surviving family members?They had to be there. And then, after verifying a certain account, were they expected to then make a public state of forgiveness or reconciliation?","They weren't necessarily in a position to verify. Many of them knew that so-and-so was always said to have killed their family members. But they weren't direct witnesses because, by virtue of their survival, that usually meant that they were either somewhere else or well-hidden or had escaped or. . .","Not present, yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Survivors of the genocide did not have direct knowledge of the crimes committed against their family members.","questions":"How did the survivors verify the confessions?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["What do you think, though, the message is to other countries like China and Russia right now?I mean, we have important talks on the horizon with North Korea. We are in between secretaries of state. We don't even have an ambassador, for example, to South Korea. Ivanka Trump is now doing some of the South Korean diplomacy. What state is our diplomacy in right now?","Well, you know, whenever you file - change a secretary of state, it is disruptive because Rex Tillerson had a year to develop relations with his counterparts and heads of state and government. And that's now been disrupted. On the other hand, the question foreigners always ask is, does the secretary of state speak for the president?And there were questions raised about that because of some of the things President Trump is reported to have said about Rex Tillerson. I think the good news is that by designating Mike Pompeo and expressing confidence in him, I think it will reassure foreign leaders that when Mike Pompeo is secretary, he indeed will be speaking for the president. That's a plus.","Former national security adviser Stephen Hadley, thank you so very much for joining us.","Nice to be with you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The United States is in a weak diplomatic state.","questions":"How would you describe the United States' diplomatic state?","answer":"Weak"}
{"text":["This is rhetorical. Like what to the Negro is the Fourth of July?A flag should be stitched with a fuse. Jefferson said, for each generation, a flag. Maybe he said constitution. I once raised a high-top flag of my hair, a fist, a leather medallion of the motherland.","I studied heraldry and maniples, which are not what you might guess, little sails and banners down to the vein of a feather. Because his kids were rebel cities, my father loved like Sherman. Because I wanted history I could touch like the flank of a beast.","What's that phrase - each flag should come with a fuse?","(Laughter) The flag should be stitched with a fuse, yes."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The phrase \"stitched with a fuse\" is figurative, meaning that each generation of people should be prepared to fight for their rights and freedoms. The speaker is not literally suggesting that flags should be physically stitched with a fuse.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of \"stitched with a fuse\"?","answer":"Fight"}
{"text":["He had been released the year before - in June of 1914 - from an institution that was known as the Colored Waifs Home. And this was a reformatory - it was part reformatory, part orphanage. And Armstrong was sent there for at least the second time in early 1913 after he had been arrested for shooting a pistol into the air.","And it was at - while at that reformatory that he began to receive his first formal music instruction. He played in the marching band there. They would parade around the city and play at events on the lake and stuff like that. But when he came out, he was, you know, faced with the challenges of being 13 or 14 years old at the time and needing to provide some income for his family. He grew up in dire poverty, of course.","You take a look at this, like, 8 seconds of film, I guess it is, and maybe it's the power of suggestion, but it certainly looks like Louis Armstrong. And you (laughter) - you really do get a sense, even from this 13-year-old youngster, of just overwhelming charisma.","Yeah, that has been sort of the reaction. The overwhelming reaction to my story is - you know, I fully expected people to try to pick it apart because it's kind of a ridiculous thing to propose. But overwhelmingly, people have said, holy smokes, we think this, you know - it looks like him. He smiles the beautiful Louis Armstrong smile that later became famous. Yeah, it's been fascinating to me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite facing challenges of poverty, Armstrong received music instruction at a reformatory.","questions":"Which institution did Armstrong receive his first formal music instruction from?","answer":"Reformatory"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, maybe you should - give it a shot. And then let me try it after.","That is so good.","Converted her. Fan of grapefruit.","You know why?'Cause it doesn't taste like grapefruit.","Right. Is it good?Is it to boozy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : (5) Refers to asking if the new food is good or too strong in terms of alcoholic content.","questions":"What aspect of the new food is PersonA asking about in turn 4?","answer":"Alcoholic"}
{"text":["The British artist David Hockney is one of the most famous artists in the world. One of his works recently sold for $90 million, smashing the record for a living artist. But he's also led an extraordinary life, breaking barriers as a gay man and defying the expectations of the art world at every turn.","In the new novel, \"The Life Of David Hockney\" (ph), author Catherine Cusset imagines the thoughts, feelings and words of Hockney at pivotal periods in his life to try and puzzle out the man. She joins us now from our studios in New York. Thank you so much for being with us.","Well, thank you for inviting me.","In the forward to this book, you wrote that David Hockney took hold of you, which is why you wrote the novel. Explain what that means."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Author Catherine Cusset imagines the thoughts, feelings and words of Hockney are made from understanding of  David Hockney.","questions":"What is the reason for Catherine Cusset to write the novel?","answer":"understanding"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News and Notes. Illinois Senator Barack Obama declared he was running for president back in February of 2007. Back then, he was the dark horse, long-shot candidate. Some people looked at him, and talked only about race. Other voters and pundits seem to try to avoid the topic.","Now, the economy is in meltdown, and much of the political debate has turned to mortgages and finance. But race is still there say the polls, and author and commentator Tim Wise says so as well. Wise is an anti-racism activist whose latest book is called \"Speaking Treason Fluently: Anti-Racist Reflections From an Angry White Male. \"Welcome to News and Notes.","Thanks.","So, your latest essay is called, \"This Is Your Nation on White Privilege. \""],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Dark horse is implying an unexpected person or candidate and not an animal that's dark","questions":"What was the name of the latest essay by Tim Wise mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"This-Is-Your-Nation-on-White-Privilege"}
{"text":["(Laughter) I'd imagine it'd be pretty smelly by that point.","So how did you plot this optimal route?","Yeah, so plotting the route sort of started by picking where exactly we wanted to go. So we sort of sat down and we actually spent a few days, you know, setting out some criteria. So once we chose 50 stops around the U. S. , that's when the algorithm kicked in.","All right, I understand landmarks you have listed like, you know, Statue of Liberty or Lincoln's home in Springfield, Ill.  or Taliesin - Frank Lloyd Wright's home in Wisconsin - C. W. Parker Carousel Museum in Kansas?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"the algorithm kicked in\": In this context, \"kicked in\" is a figurative expression that means the algorithm started working or began to be used. It does not mean that the algorithm literally kicked anything.","questions":"Which expression is used figuratively in the dialogue?","answer":"Kicked"}
{"text":["Well, you're a gifted counselor. What do you think it might be?","I think it's triggering our students who have already experienced trauma and secondary trauma, and they've seen things. And we've seen students go through all kinds of emotional reactions during drills - panic and sadness and grief and fear because during those drills, you really don't know what's happening.","Given your history, given what you do now, given how close you come to some of these terrible issues, issues that are often too terrible to contemplate - if there are any one, two or three things you can change or say need to be done right now, what would they be?","I think our schools are doing everything they possibly can to make the environment safe. And I think one of the things that needs to change is it is not a conversation just for our schools anymore. What's happening is our world and our society are now entering our schools. And so we need to address our world and our society."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The emotional toll of safety drills on students is significant and needs to be addressed.","questions":"How do students react during safety drills?","answer":"Emotional"}
{"text":["So instead, we inquired more. Where did you hear this?Where did you see this?Can you show me that?And when they showed us, I - the first thing we tried to do was say, I get why this seems funny on the surface, and I totally get why it's confusing. And they were also younger at the time, so they were probably a little more open than a kid would be at 16 or 17.","Well, you anticipate one of my questions as you talk about as youngsters age. I mean, don't teens manage to find a way to evade the best parental advice in any case?","Oh, yeah, for sure. I mean, what I hoped that we were able to build with our kids from when they were young is a foundation where they believe that when we say something is not great, maybe they disobey, but deep inside there's a little voice that's going to say to them, you know, I should question this. I should question why this seems so, you know, funny and, yet, I feel like I have to keep it a secret. But, you know, we have had parental filters on our computers and on our media. As the kids got older, we realized pretty much every kid can evade any filter.","What about the girls in your sons' classes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The question is asking if the girls in the sons' classes can evade any filters.","questions":"Which class?","answer":"son's"}
{"text":["OK. So it's clear that this poll is showing there is broad support out there for at least some changes. So how much guidance should Congress take from a poll like this to do something?","Well, you know, whether Congress will do anything actually is very much up in the air. And there's a real sense of urgency for Congress to act, especially among Democrats and some Republicans, after this summer because we saw so many mass shootings. . .","Right.",". . . I mean - Dayton, El Paso, Odessa, Texas. But here's the thing. This all comes down to President Trump. Congressional Republicans are not going to take a risk passing anything that could be seen by groups like the NRA as anti-gun, unless President Trump comes out and gives them political cover, which he hasn't yet. And Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell is not exactly going to bring anything to the floor unless he knows that President Trump is definitely going to sign this. And it's kind of risky of a move for Republicans if they don't come out for these things because, you know, the NRA was outspent for the first time in 2018 by groups that want to see these restrictions in place."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Congressional Republicans won't pass the bill unless the President makes sure they will not be hurt politically.","questions":"What is the condition for Congressional Republicans to pass the bill?","answer":"President"}
{"text":["Being an African-American police officer is one of the most difficult things that you'll do because there are African-American police officers all around this country and in this city who I talk to on a daily bases that, even before recent history, believe that there were issues between police officers and young black men. And one of the things that I think creates the problem - I've heard the word utilized a lot in describing the relationship - is that African-American men and particularly young men - say late teens to early-to-mid-30s - are - the word used is demonized.","And there are black officers that you talk to on a daily basis who will tell you that it's tough. I see this, and I still have to be accepted. I still have to be a part of the police culture, living in two worlds.","But I'll say that if you're a black police officer in America, there are some difficulties simply because you know that your race and gender has been on the receiving end of some very serious and questionable uses of force, whether they be deadly or just plain force used to make an arrest. So it is seen as something that - a burden that we carry as African-American men who also work in police profession.","Lieutenant Thomas Glover is president of the Black Police Association of Greater Dallas. Lieutenant Glover, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Turn B: The literal and implied meaning are the same, which is a simple expression of gratitude towards Lieutenant Glover for his role as the president of the Black Police Association of Greater Dallas.","questions":"Which turn contains information about Lieutenant Thomas Glover?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. A skyscraper overlooking the Sydney Harbor was named best tall building from Asia and Australia. Why?Why was this tall building a standout?","Well, this, again, is a very beautiful tower, but that is innovating in that a large part of the building is naturally ventilated. And we lost our way with tall buildings in architecture generally maybe 60, 70 years ago when we had the freedom to disconnect them from their environment by creating enclosed, mechanically ventilated boxes.","So this is a, you know, a 60-story tower in Sydney which uses the wind, the ventilation, to naturally ventilate a huge atrium, which runs the full height of the building. Quite innovative.","You say that 95 percent of the tall buildings in the world are terribly designed."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"lost our way\" is a figurative expression that means to have made a mistake or taken the wrong approach in a certain area. It does not refer to physical location or direction.","questions":"How is \"lost our way\" defined in this context?","answer":"Mistake"}
{"text":["Right (laughter).","But you saw her in the kitchen all the time.","Oh, yes. Yes, we had a good time. I mean, I met Julia in 1960. Helen McCullough was the food editor of \"House Beautiful. \"She said, I have that manuscript here. Can you look at it, of French cooking?What do you think of it?And I say, well I think it's very good. And she said, well, the woman is from California. She's coming to New York next week. Let's cook for her.","It's a big, tall woman with a terrible voice. And of course, that was Julia."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"It's a big, tall woman with a terrible voice. And of course, that was Julia.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is a description of Julia's physical appearance and voice, but the actual meaning is that A is identifying Julia as the woman they were discussing earlier.","questions":"Which woman did PersonA meet in 1960?","answer":"Julia"}
{"text":["U3 is the classic headline number. What is the total unemployment as most people commonly understand it?It's a somewhat narrow definition of unemployment, and there are actually much broader definitions of unemployment.","So, tell us about those. There's one called the U6, I understand.","Well, U4, U5, U6 and they are all subsets of - each one is the previous one plus another group of unemployed. So, to go from U3 to U4, we add a group of people called discouraged workers. These are people who have given up looking for jobs even though they want a job. Then there's a different group called the marginally-attached worker, and that's somebody who isn't looking for a job but wants one. And there's another group of people who are working part time, but want a full-time job, but can't find them. If you take the broadest measure, the U6 measure of unemployment, we're talking about 11. 8 percent, and those are numbers similar to what we saw in the 1970s. That's an ugly unemployment number.","Well, why doesn't the government count that number or use that number when reporting these numbers?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The U6 measure of unemployment is higher than the commonly understood unemployment rate.","questions":"What is the name of the group of people who are working part time but want a full-time job, but can't find them?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["Can I ask you, has your shop - your restaurant, which is very well known here, helped you in your endeavor?Do people walk in to give you tips, try and contact you through that?","You know, I'm not talking about this, really, to people because it probably would seem like I have a tin foil hat on my head until (laughter) - I don't know - you realize with a lot of people, I think that you think that there may be conspiracy theorists on Twitter or whatever. And then you realize, like, sometimes the conspiracy theorists are right.","Jeff Jetton, thank you so much for being with us.","Absolutely. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : You know, I'm not talking about this, really, to people because it probably would seem like I have a tin foil hat on my head until (laughter) - I don't know - you realize with a lot of people, I think that you think that there may be conspiracy theorists on Twitter or whatever. And then you realize, like, sometimes the conspiracy theorists are right.  The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not talking about wearing a tin foil hat literally. Instead, they are referring to the perception that people may have of them being paranoid or overly skeptical if they share their beliefs about conspiracy theories. The speaker then goes on to express that some conspiracy theories, which are often dismissed by people, may have some truth to them.","questions":"Which perception is the speaker referring to?","answer":"Paranoid"}
{"text":["The show was political. I mean, it didn't shy away from really difficult issues, took sharp aim at President Trump on several occasions. Did that play into Netflix's decision to cancel it, do we have any idea?","I don't get any sense that Netflix canceled it over the political content. If anything, the political content is one of the reasons why they treated this cancellation a bit differently and a bit more gently than they ordinarily do - because there were not a lot of shows out there about a Latin American family with a predominantly Latinx cast dealing with these issues about immigration, LGBTQ issues. You know, every episode has some kind of hot-button subject. You know, one of the characters is a recovering alcoholic. Another has PTSD from serving in the military. So it touched on a lot of things.","And that was one of the things the audience loved about it. I don't think, based on a lot of the other content Netflix has, that that would have been a reason to get rid of it. I think it was purely a financial decision or, you know, whatever the finances actually were.","And the show can't just get plucked up by someone else."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The show cannot be picked up by another network or platform, indicating a potential end to the series.","questions":"Which network or platform cannot pick up the show?","answer":"Another"}
{"text":["He hasn't always fallen right in line with Trump by any means. He hasn't always fallen right in line with Trump by any means. He's been critical of Putin over some gas projects that he's been involved in. He's been critical of Putin over some gas projects that he's been involved in. But generally, he has held the Trump line. But generally, he has held the Trump line. So I think this is going to be interesting to go in. So I think this is going to be interesting to go in. He did have that one key moment in the text chain where he came in and clearly stated this was not quid pro quo but then suggested they get offline. He did have that one key moment in the text chain where he came in and clearly stated this was not quid pro quo but then suggested they get offline. So. . . So. . .","Right. Right.","So we'll see what happens once he jumps in there. So we'll see what happens once he jumps in there.","Are people following this in Portland?Are people following this in Portland?I mean, how are they reacting?I mean, how are they reacting?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"are people following this\" implies \"are people paying attention to this\"","questions":"How does turn 3 imply people's level of interest in the topic?","answer":"Interest"}
{"text":["So there you are standing in the checkout line, that one with a big sign above it that says express, 10 items or less. You notice the basket of the woman in front of you. You silently start tallying. OK, eight or nine items, fine. But wait, she has a six pack under her hand, and under her other arm is a bag of pretzels. And then she's going for that pack of gum. And you're fighting the urge to scream: You had no business in the express line.","If that's you, then John Trinkaus feels your pain. He decided that instead of complaining about it, though, he'd study it. Trinkaus researches not only the express line, but how many people stop at stop signs and the average wait at the doctor's office. My next guest is Marc Abrahams, editor and co-founder of the Annals of Improbable Research, and the founder and master of ceremonies for the Ig Nobel Prize. He'll explain the data details and why it's the simple things that count. He joins us from WBUR in Boston. Hi, Marc.","Hello, Flora.","Tell me - give me some other names of his studies, because they're all really funny."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The woman in front of you has more than 10 items, and you are annoyed about it.","questions":"Which emotion does the turn in statement 0 convey?","answer":"Annoyed"}
{"text":["Journalist Sam Dagher spent years in Syria reporting on war. He also reported on the lives of ordinary Syrians caught in the middle of the fighting. His new book is called \"Assad Or We Burn The Country. \"It tells the story of Hafez al-Assad and his son Bashar and their rule in Syria. The story is told in large part through the Assad family's friendship with another Syrian family, the Tlass family. The Tlasses had helped the father and son keep their grip on power for decades.","I talked to Sam Dagher, and I first asked him about the book's title.","I saw this slogan on the walls of destroyed and deserted towns and neighborhoods. The Assad regime besieged a lot of these towns and neighborhoods in Damascus and elsewhere around the country that had risen up against the regime. The regime forces would go in and do what the regime calls the cleansing of this area. So they would sometimes execute whoever they find in these places, loot all the homes down to the tiles and the copper wire in the wall and burn these homes. And after they're done, they would spray this graffiti on the walls, Assad or we burn the country.","Sam, in this book, you're telling the story of the Assad family, but you're also telling the story of another Syrian family. Tell me about this lost family and their relationship with the Assads."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The slogan on walls reveals the regime's brutality towards its opponents","questions":"What does the graffiti on the walls say?","answer":"Assa-or-we-burn-the-country"}
{"text":["I just wonder if we could close by you just telling me a few things about Jason, what you remember most fondly about him.","When I think about Jason, I think about his smile. He was a beautiful child. And the worst thing about this whole situation is I know in my heart he shouldn't be dead. It is horrible that we lose the soldiers that we have to; it's a tragedy when we lose a soldier that we shouldn't have, and Jason shouldn't be dead.","Chris Scheuerman, talking about his son Jason, who committed suicide in Iraq in 2005. In the 13 months since we first talked, Chris has continued to advocate for suicide prevention in the military. He testified on Capitol Hill and recently spoke at a Department of Defense conference on suicide prevention. We asked the Army for a comment on Jason Scheuerman's case when we first aired this story, and this is the written statement they sent.","(Reading) The loss of any member of the Army family is a tragedy, and suicide prevention is a top priority for the U. S.  Army. The 2005 death of Private First Class Jason Scheuerman was investigated thoroughly by his unit and by the U. S.  Army Criminal Investigation Command. In fact, the Associated Press's story about his 2005 death is based on the Army's comprehensive investigations. We continue to work with and assist his family. We are continuously improving and adapting our training, intervention and support programs. The Army recognizes the importance of suicide prevention and is taking many steps to decrease those risks that may contribute to suicidal behavior. Our prevention efforts do help soldiers and their families deal with the wartime challenges they face every day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the literal meaning is that the Army is making ongoing efforts to improve its suicide prevention programs. However, the actual meaning is that the Army is acknowledging the problem of suicide in the military and attempting to address it, but it may not have been successful in preventing all cases of suicide.","questions":"What is the Army's response to the death of Private First Class Jason Scheuerman?","answer":"comprehensive"}
{"text":["No, that felt great. Did it make up?I can't go back to my life pre-June 1, 2017, where I'm getting smeared. And as a Muslim, being attacked with the worst anti-Muslim trope you can say is that I'm a Muslim and I'm a terrorist. So it was very painful. It was painful to have friends and family express concerns. It was painful to contact security at Daily Beast and my radio channel to say, hey, we might be visited by white supremacists coming to kill me. And they might kill innocent people I work with. That was all horrible.","But through this all, I've never once questioned doing this. This is the right thing to do. It's the thing we have to do. And I'm happy we got the judgment. And we're going to continue. And I hope it inspires others and gives them a roadmap to say, don't be silent. There are lawyers who will represent you - I'm not kidding - free of charge for this kind of work to make it clear that we're not going to cower from these people. We're going to sue them. We're going to win. We're going to get their money.","That's Dean Obeidallah. He's the host of \"The Dean Obeidallah Show\" on Sirius XM. He's a columnist for The Daily Beast. And he's a comedian and a former lawyer. Dean, thanks so much for talking to us.","Thanks for having me on, Michel. I appreciate it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being called a Muslim terrorist is hurtful and dangerous.","questions":"What was the date that PersonA mentioned in their statement?","answer":"June"}
{"text":["He is now in Napa State Mental Hospital, he - until he is - can be fit to stand trial. He's been declared unfit to stand trial because of his, you know, he's psychiatrically unable to stand trial at this point. And so he's undergoing compulsory medication to try and get him ready.","And Oikos University, what's happened there, there was something of a decertification.","Yeah. This is a couple months ago, I think, and the school went above - went in front of the regulatory board because the nursing students were passing the statewide nursing exam, like the graduates were passing it at such a low rate. And I think they were put under probation for a while. And I think all of that has been cleared since, though.","And you went back to visit the school a couple of times, and I wonder, you know, the peace park is there, you went to that memorial service and reported five other people were there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated.","questions":"How was the suggestion made in the dialogue?","answer":"indirectly"}
{"text":["The United Nations World Food Programme has to cut back on the food that it gives out to some of the most imperiled people in the world. In Ethiopia, for example, it's had to lower the daily calorie intake for hundreds of thousands of refugees that it feeds in the camps there. Now, this is partly due to funding shortfalls, but there is also a growing need for food aid as the globe's conflicts continue. Peter Smerdon joins us now from Nairobi. He's the spokesperson for the World Food Programme in East Africa. Mr.  Smerdon, thanks for being with us.","My pleasure.","What kind of hard decisions do to the folks in your program have to make?","Basically, when we haven't got enough money, we have to decide who's not going to get food. And most of the people we serve are dependent on the United Nations World Food Programme for their food needs - in many cases, 100 percent because either they fled countries in conflict, and they have absolutely no money, no jobs and no assets left or because they're refugees, and they are confined to camps. They are not allowed to work. And they have no money, either."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Basically, when we haven't got enough money, we have to decide who's not going to get food.\"  The actual meaning implied in this turn is: \"Essentially, when we lack sufficient funds, we need to determine which individuals will not receive food.\"","questions":"What is the main concern addressed in turn 3?","answer":"Conflict"}
{"text":["OK. So, speaking of the Senate and Senator Obama, he will resign his seat on Sunday. His replacement will be appointed by the governor of Illinois, Rod Blagojevich. Who are the likely candidates, and who's likely to actually be appointed?","Well, the most likely candidate and the person most likely to be appointed is Jesse Jackson Jr. , the congressman from Chicago. But there are a range of candidates, and it's quite interesting because, as you know, the governor is in political hot water himself. His numbers are very low. There's all sorts of talk of investigations and the like.","So, the question is, would he, potentially, maybe appoint somebody who's a close ally in the state legislature?There's the 73-year-old Emil Jones. Then, what about pressure from the Hispanic community?There's Congressman Luis Gutierrez. And there's also talk about Tammy Duckworth - Tammy Duckworth, who runs the Veterans Affairs Department for Illinois, and she is a double amputee and close to Obama. But there are also people who might be potentially opponents for the governor going forward, like the attorney general, Lisa Madigan, or the treasurer. So, there's all these kinds of angles to the game that are very interesting. But it looks at this moment, most likely, that you're going to end up with Jesse Jackson Jr.","OK.  And Juan, what was your best political conversation of this week?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There are many potential candidates for the Senate seat","questions":"What is the most likely candidate for the Senate seat?","answer":"Jesse"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. Some of the stories seem to have sort of a moral to them, like the one - mysterious one I'm going to call the rectum in a jar.","Yeah, this is the case of the rectum of the Bishop of Durham. If you go to London and you visit the Hunterian Museum, it's a wonderful, wonderful - one - in fact, one of the world's few remaining big medical museums. It's part of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. If you go and visit it, on display on the main floor inside a jar is something they call object RCSHC\/P192. The label identifies it as being the preserved rectum of the Bishop of Durham, and we're talking about Thomas Thurlow, who was born in 1737, died in 1791. Would you like to hear the story of why it's in a jar in London on display?","With that kind of teaser, how could I not?","OK. The - that particular Bishop of Durham was a rich and powerful man. And he came down with some ailments and called in one of the celebrated doctors of the day, John Hunter, a man who, years later, went on to found this museum. Dr.  Hunter examined him and told him he had an incurable disease and that it was bad news. The bishop did not want to accept this news, so he was very insulting to this doctor and instead went and insult - and consulted a cattle doctor who gave him some kind of nostrum."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The preserved rectum of the Bishop of Durham is on display at the Hunterian Museum","questions":"How is the rectum of the Bishop of Durham preserved?","answer":"Preserved"}
{"text":["So that's the drug industry's argument against this proposal. They say that because of insurance coverage, hardly anyone pays the price the Trump administration is forcing these drug makers to include in their ads. That price is often called the list price or the sticker price, as we said. Drugmakers argue that including that price would scare consumers off from even going to their doctor and asking about a drug because they'd see a sky-high list price, and they would think - I can't afford that; I'm not going to go to the doctor.","Well, now that's interesting because that could be bad for someone's health. But is that actually what the government may want in some cases - for a consumer to make an informed decision that this drug just seems really pricey for the benefits alleged with it?","So I don't think the Trump administration would go that far. They say that this is the start of a conversation between a consumer and their doctor about a drug. They really want to try to get drugmakers to lower their prices. They've, countless times now, sort of shamed drug companies and said - if you're ashamed of your price, if you don't want to put it in your ad, lower the price.","And we should note that this is only for somewhat more expensive drugs - more than $35 per month. That's who the rule - that's what the drugs that the rule applies to. Hasn't one company, though, already gone ahead and just done this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Trump administration wants drug companies to lower their prices.","questions":"What does the Trump administration want drug companies to do?","answer":"Lower"}
{"text":["Does an event like this and forecast like that have the effect of concentrating the mind of not just financial planners. . .",". . . but people in Congress making these decisions. And I hear a little laugh.","You would think it would. And in the past, it has. I mean, as they gotten closer to the deadline, enough fear spread that they could pass something or do something or kick the can or whatever. But this time, one of the things that makes this time feel different is that there really are a lot of House Republicans who say, ah, let it default. It'll just shrink the government, will be all good. And it is an act of - I don't even know how to describe it. It's insanity.","Yeah. Well, Austan Goolsbee, I believe, used that word. Quick last question, if we could. So, October 17th is a real deadline but you think some of the effects, potentially, will be down the road."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase \"concentrating the mind\" is a figurative expression meaning that the event and forecast are likely to focus the attention of not just financial planners, but also people in Congress making decisions.","questions":"What is the figurative expression used in turn 0 to describe the effect of the event and forecast on the attention of financial planners and people in Congress?","answer":"Concentrating"}
{"text":["Yeah. Yeah, you know, and even more specifically, a black man because we really get a bad rap in mainstream media, particularly black fathers, you know. There's always the stereotype that, you know, we're not present or deadbeats, you know, et cetera, et cetera. And while obviously those situations do exist, it feels very much so that it's just like disproportionately represented in that way.","And, you know, I have a lot of friends that are young fathers, and they're all willing to do whatever it takes for their young girls. And, you know, this was just kind of me put myself in their shoes and kind of representing and also really being inspired by all these viral videos of dads doing their daughter's hair and people just really being fascinated by that.","I want to mention that before the film and the book, you were executive producer on \"BlacKkKlansman. \"You've done commercials. You've done music videos. Before that, you played in the NFL.","(Laughter) Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Black fathers are unfairly stereotyped in mainstream media.","questions":"What group of people does turn 0 refer to?","answer":"blackfathers"}
{"text":["The numbers you've tossed around show you how expensive. People have been able to do experiments. They've found all kinds of really interesting possibly valuable properties, but nothing, no industry is really going to start until they can make enough of this stuff cheaply to use it.","Until now, most of the ways of making it started with this first step: Get some really pure, really expensive chemicals that you're going to mix in and do the next stuff. Huge expense. What Jim Tour down in Houston discovered and showed is that anything that's got carbon in it you can turn into graphene.","And to demonstrate that he meant anything, he did it with Girl Scout cookies. He turned those into graphene. He did it with chocolate. He got some chocolate half-dollar coins. He did it with dog feces from a miniature Dachshund, and he did it with a cockroach leg. And essentially he just got a really big oven, heated it up to about 1,000 degrees C and filled that oven with a little bit of this stuff, the cockroach or the dog feces, whatever, and a sheet of pure copper and a little bit of gas, left it for about 20 minutes, and viola, he'd made little bits of really high-quality graphene.","Wow."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The numbers tossed around you indicates that the objects that you used.","questions":"Which objects were used to create high-quality graphene?","answer":"Cookies,Chocolate,Dog,Cockroach"}
{"text":["Justice Brennan wrote the majority opinion. But the swing vote holding that it was protected speech was Justice Antonin Scalia.","And President-elect Trump has often said he wants to appoint justices like Justice Scalia.","I think that's right. And I would hope that anyone who he would appoint would have a very solid respect for First Amendment values. I think it's crucial to our politics and our democracy that we respect even protests that really get on our nerves or that really we find deeply offensive.","But are we living in a time when people - and many of them on the opposite side, politically, from President-elect Trump - say they shouldn't have to put up with speech or accept speech that they find offensive, hurtful?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : speaker is talking about the importance of respecting speech that is offensive","questions":"Which value does speaker PersonA emphasize in their response to speaker PersonB's statement about President-elect Trump's potential Supreme Court appointments?","answer":"First-Amendment"}
{"text":["In diapers, exactly. But the London police haven't quite given the final say-so on that yet. But, you know, there will be a lot of protests. That may upset the president. It's controversial, but the government insists, and the diplomats insist, that he's a vital part of nurturing a special relationship, which they insist is very good for the U. K.","Because he's not only going, he's getting literally the royal treatment.","Yeah. I mean, this is as good as it gets if you're a head of state coming to the U. K. It is bells and whistles. It's pomp and circumstance. It's a banquet at Buckingham Palace, although that seems to be being boycotted by Meghan Markle, the Duchess of Sussex, also by Jeremy Corbyn, the leader of the - of Her Majesty's Opposition, and Vince Cable, the leader of the Liberal Democrats.","But I don't think that's going to take the gloss off it too much for Donald Trump. He's someone who has made it very clear this is what he wants, and we're expecting him to look like he's lapping it up."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Lapping it up means that he is enjoying everything very much.","questions":"How would you describe Donald Trump's attitude towards the treatment he's receiving in the UK?","answer":"Enjoying"}
{"text":["It's actually rotting their bones from the inside.","It's rotting. Yeah.","I suppose worth noting - the - these were young women at the time that they were employed working in factories. Not. . .","Teenagers, many of them. Yeah."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The young women working in factories were suffering a lot due to the unhealthy environment.","questions":"Which gender were the young women working in the factories?","answer":"female"}
{"text":["So you had the U. K.  negotiating bilateral agreements with, like, Australia and Canada and India, right?And then I read you also had Germany forming its own bloc with members, countries that it had relationships with. And the U. S.  did something similar.","That's right. The origins of the British trading bloc really go back to World War I. And a lot of the considerations are of a military nature, a geostrategic nature. They were bottlenecked in some supplies, especially for the military, and that's why the British government was thinking more about how to secure its supplies. And that happened on the German side as well. Germany was preparing for war. They were gearing up for war, so they needed to make sure they had the right supplies, especially for the military.","Now, you write that if similar patterns play out today, we could see a, quote, \"reorientation of world trade around China- and U. S. -centric trade blocs. \"How likely do you think that is?","Well, it depends on the politics. The White House wants to have a more bilateral approach where the U. S.  deals with one individual country, as opposed to a group. And China now wants to create a system of its own. So that does include establishing a sphere of influence in Asia. And each of them will want to build up their own realm where they have the power in the region.","What do you think is at stake here?If this approach continues, what are your main concerns?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The countries formed their own blocs due to military and strategic considerations, not just trade.","questions":"How were the British trading bloc's origins tied to World War I?","answer":"Military"}
{"text":["Hey, Lulu.","So, Gene, let's start by looking at the money involved in big-time college sports. You looked specifically at the Power Five.","Yup, the Power Five conferences - the SEC, the Big Ten, the Big 12, the Pac-12, and the ACC. They win all the trophies, and they make all the money. According to ESPN, in 2015, they made $6 billion.","Six billion?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Power Five conferences win all the trophies and make a lot of money.","questions":"How much money did the Power Five conferences make in 2015?","answer":"$6-billion"}
{"text":["Thank you, Tony. It's a pleasure to be with you.","As I understand it, I should be singing \"Happy Birthday\" to you. Your birthday's Monday, right?","You know all the information, don't you?","It just means we did our homework on you. Happy birthday, Nneena Freelon.","Thank you, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B researched A's birthday and is wishing her happy birthday","questions":"How did PersonB know to wish PersonA a happy birthday?","answer":"Research"}
{"text":["Duane, why don't you describe to us some of the work that you did with actual cases when you were at the California Department of Justice?I mean, what was your job, literally and physically?","Literally, I went to the scene of the crime. I was often the one who collected all the evidence. I also did photography of the crime scene. I did not do fingerprints. There was usually a technician who did that. Back at the laboratory, I would take all that evidence that I collected and inventoried, and I would begin a systematic investigation of that.","As an example, one case in the middle of my career was a triple homicide, and it was a great case from the physical-evidence standpoint. There was bullets. There was blood. There was saliva on cigarette butts. There was hair. There was soil. And I got to basically do it all. And what was really interesting is I presented all these evidence to the jury, laid out a scenario for the crime.","And during the time I was testifying, the defendant called his girlfriend and confessed the crime to her, and then threatened her with death if she ever talked. Well, five minutes later, she called the DA and told the DA about the confession. And she came in to testify at that point, and what she testified to was basically what I had testified to from the physical-evidence standpoint."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : None of the turns in this statement have a figurative or non-literal meaning. The speaker is describing a situation where a defendant in a criminal trial confessed to the crime during the speaker's testimony, and the defendant's girlfriend later corroborated the speaker's testimony with her own testimony.","questions":"How did the defendant's girlfriend corroborate the PersonA's testimony?","answer":"Testify"}
{"text":["What were some of the challenging parts of school?What did you find the hardest?","Reading, studying my lessons. You know, because I had to read more, you know, and because, you know, as you get older, your short-term memory sort of fails you once in a while. So to make sure that you got the material where you could reproduce it, you had to study a little harder and do a little more research.","So tell me what graduation day was like?","Oh, the best day of my life, I guess. Life doesn't get any better. Life doesn't get any better. With my family there, all my friends cheering me on, I felt like I was 16 years old. What a day. What a day. I was happy. Everybody was pleased. They gave me a good ovation. I really enjoyed it. I really did. I cannot explain to you in words my feelings."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The speaker wants to know about the experience of graduating from school and what it felt like for the person they are talking to.","questions":"Which event does turn 2 in the dialogue refer to?","answer":"Graduation"}
{"text":["The videos of the embryos. He does sort of time lapse of human development, and it was really fascinating to watch, going from this sort of little hard to, you know, nondescript ball to what you would recognize. . .","As an embryo.",". . . as an embryo or a fetus.","This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow talking with Flora Lichtman about our Video Pick of the Week, and it's a - videos of embryos, all different kinds of embryos. So you got the film, the footage. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This is an idiomatic expression that refers to a selected video for the week, rather than a literal pick of a video.","questions":"How does the phrase \"Video Pick of the Week\" function in the dialogue?","answer":"Seriously"}
{"text":["And how do you?","So what we found works the best is you need champions within that community. You need strong, influential voices that are going to say we need to accept these girls and women back, and the children. These are victims, it was not their fault. They're part and parcel of our society. So what we do is we identify not just the traditional religious and community leaders, but also those who have an influential voice amongst the women in particular in the community, so that they can become those carriers of the messages that these girls, these women, they deserve our support. They deserve our acceptance back. And then we can open up community dialogues so that people - we can't just dismiss that communities have fear. We must address it head on and allow communities to express those fears, but with religious and traditional leaders providing that voice of reason and tolerance so that these girls and women can come back into their communities.","Rachel Harvey of UNICEF in Nigeria. Thanks for joining us.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is expressing appreciation for the opportunity of being able to discuss the issue.","questions":"How did the speaker feel about being on the show?","answer":"Appreciation"}
{"text":["One option for mothers who feel they aren't able to properly raise a child is to surrender their infants anonymously. So-called safe-haven laws let moms give up their children at local hospitals, police and fire stations without legal consequence. They're intended as a way to save babies from grim fates. Pete Pircsh is a state senator in Nebraska.","2004, a 2-day-old infant was abandoned in a canal near the Elkhorn River in Norfolk. The baby had been dead for about two days at the time it was discovered. In 2007, a woman found a baby boy abandoned in a tote bag between a trash bin and a discarded TV, and there are other incidents like that.","This summer, Nebraska became the last state in the nation to pass a safe-haven law, and theirs is a bit different. Pirsch wrote an amendment to the bill that says children as old as 19 can be left at safe havens. Most states only allow parents to drop off their children if they're less than a year old.","If they're on the point where they, out of frustration or anger, may actually injure the child, then this is a vastly superior system to set up because it will take the child from that position of danger and place him into a safe environment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Safe-haven laws are a way to save infants from being abandoned or killed.","questions":"Which law allows parents to drop off their children if they're as old as 19?","answer":"Nebraska"}
{"text":["So is this new policy on Iran loud huffing and puffing or a strong and proportionate response?Well, for one view on it, we are joined by Suzanne Maloney. She was an adviser to the State Department on Iran issues during the George W.  Bush administration, and she is now with the Brookings Institution. Welcome.","Thank you.","So we heard the president say that these sanctions are going to deny access to key financial resources from the senior leaders of Iran. Do you have a sense of what exactly the sanctions are going to do?","I think that may be a bit of an overstatement about denying key economic resources to the Islamic Republic of Iran. Iran is already heavily sanctioned. In fact, many of the organizations and institutions that are associated with the Office of the Supreme Leader that were highlighted in today's announcement have already been subject to American sanctions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The sanctions may not be as effective as the president suggests.","questions":"How does PersonA perceive the effectiveness of the sanctions?","answer":"Bit"}
{"text":["Conveniently because there's an economy to forgery. You only want to give as much as required to persuade somebody that it might be the thing in itself, but never anymore because then you give people rope to hang you with. This is William Henry Ireland - not necessarily the greatest, but certainly one of the most prolific Shakespeare forgers of the late-18th century. He was later found out very quickly and wrote a confession.","Well, while we're standing here, why collect forgeries?Why collect hoaxes?","A lot of art forgery has been scholarly - treated in a scholarly way, but not literature and history in the same way. And actually, I remember talking to my colleagues about this collection and saying, perhaps now, more than ever, we ought to be attending to the subject of authenticity because we've already built another Tower of Babel. And that of course is our Internet, where any kind of discourse - true or false, and all points in between - is fair game.","We can be amused by a lot of this now, but I'm wondering if there are any forgeries here in this collection that had devastating consequences for people who believed in it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that in the age of the internet, it's more important than ever to focus on the subject of authenticity because it's difficult to distinguish between true and false information.","questions":"Which age requires more focus on authenticity due to the difficulty of distinguishing between true and false information?","answer":"Carefully."}
{"text":["From the studios of NPR West, this is Day to Day. I'm Alex Cohen. Scrapping the car czar. President Obama has chosen not to appoint one person to oversee the restructuring of the troubled auto industry. For more on why the president is switching gears we're joined now by Justin Hyde of the Detroit Free Press. And Justin, why did President Obama decide to get rid of this car czar position?","Well, it's becoming clear that the auto industry is probably going to have too many problems for just one person to handle. GM and Chrysler are going to be submitting plans to the administration tomorrow to explain how they deserve the 17. 4 billion that the government has lent them and whether they might be able to receive even more aid in the future.","The Obama administration has several very tough questions to answer about the future of this industry and hundreds of thousands of jobs that are tied into it. It's just going to take more work than one person can give.","So in lieu of a car czar, there will be this Presidential Task Force on Autos. Who will be heading up that group?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Who will be heading up that group\" means who is going to be the leader of that group.","questions":"How can the role of the Presidential Task Force on Autos be summarized?","answer":"Task"}
{"text":["I'm looking to see if we can use this talent to save elephants and our other wildlife. If we can use these elephant to help find areas with landmines and clear them faster than current methods, then that's fantastic. By bringing in samples to the elephant and getting them to say yes, this area might have landmines and this area has a high likelihood of not having landmines - just clearing land a bit quicker - maybe we could open up areas to wildlife and humans alike. Then we wanted to look past it. They're using dogs to detect cancer. They're using dogs to detect diseases. And if we could use our elephant to do the same, then hopefully we can save a lot of people.","Do you - is to work with elephants to become awed by them?","I must admit I've had elephants since I was 7 years old and there isn't a day that doesn't go past when I am not blown away by them. They are incredible animals. They're highly intelligent. They're good fun to be around and, yeah, to be awed by them is putting it lightly. They really are very, very special animals. It's hard to put that across to somebody on the other side of the world, but when you work with them and play with them every day, you'll have a special feeling for them, which is amazing.","Sean Hensman is operator of Adventures with Elephants in Bela-Bela, South Africa. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that  implies that A has a deep admiration and respect for elephants that goes beyond being simply awed by them.","questions":"How would you describe PersonA's feelings towards elephants?","answer":"Admiration"}
{"text":["Well, I think they'll help fill in some of the gaps that the U. S.  commander there, General John Nicholson, talked about in his testimony earlier this year. He needs some more forces to be able to get out with Afghan units as advisers. He needs more forces to do the counterterrorism mission against a Islamic State force there that's growing in strength.","And so it's simply going to be a gap-filler in many respects. I don't think it's going to be some type of a decisive increment of troops, and all of a sudden it's going to turn around the battlefield results and make this a war that we're suddenly winning when those troops get deployed.","And does it strike you, though, that in trying to come up with a new strategy, there are really any more options than have been on the table in past administrations who have been trying hard - and much blood and treasure has been spilled - in trying to answer these very same questions for many, many years now?","I think there's some potential different openings here. You've got a very different president with a very different outlook about American commitments around the world. I think he is going to consider all options, including a zero option, potentially, for Afghanistan."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The deployment of additional troops is not expected to have a significant impact on the outcome of the war or lead to a sudden victory.","questions":"Which aspect of the deployment is not expected to be decisive?","answer":"Result."}
{"text":["Well, I think anyone of any political stripe would say that the U. S.  just has too many mass shootings, it being noted one is too many. But there's one every few days. The Republican Party controls the House, the Senate, the White House. Shouldn't the party that controls government see reducing mass shootings as a matter of national security?","I believe we should take a look at - yeah, absolutely. This is a problem of certainly domestic security, national security. And I'm concerned about firearm deaths. I'm also concerned what I've been witnessing, too, in Europe and elsewhere, where people take vehicles and they drive them into crowds and kill many people. I mean, we have, sadly, you know, very evil people in this world who will do terrible things. Sometimes they're motivated politically. Sometimes they're mentally ill. Sometimes, in the case of Las Vegas, we simply don't know what motivated this guy.","Well - but why give people who have mental problems the legal capacity to get dangerous weapons?","Well, they - actually, you know, like I said, they're not allowed to. This person who has been involuntarily committed to a mental health institution is prohibited. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"Well - but why give people who have mental problems the legal capacity to get dangerous weapons?\" implies a different meaning from its literal meaning. The speaker is not simply asking a question about why people with mental health problems are allowed to buy weapons legally, but is rather suggesting that this should not be allowed and expressing frustration or disbelief that it is currently legal.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the legal capacity of people with mental problems to obtain dangerous weapons?","answer":"frustrated"}
{"text":["Well, I just hope that we can make it through. I don't know. We don't know what is in store - you know, the future has for us because we've already - when they cut the shifts back, we've already lost a lot of our business from over there. Now, there's going to be nobody, and we just don't know where it's going to go from there.","And this is a family business, I understand.","Yes, it is. Yes, it's me and my sisters. My father works here. My son's a grill cook. And, you know, we're not a big chain, so we're just really wondering what's going to happen. We're trying really hard to hang in there, but it's pretty scary.","And you say that you've had this business for 15 years."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to not know whats in store means that you don't know what will happen","questions":"What does \"to not know whats in store\" mean?","answer":"Uncertainty"}
{"text":["Yeah, it's a peculiar thing. What John McCain has said was that his vote was consistent with his early view that we ought not be limiting the military options available, and that those options ought not be constrained and that using enhanced interrogation techniques are something that is useful to the military. But that, of course, contradicts what he has been saying on the campaign trail all along, which is that he's opposed to torture and opposed to these sorts of things. So there's a real inconsistency there, but John McCain seems to think that there is some way to reconcile his position.","So here's the huge question. Is waterboarding legal?What do you think?","Well, you know, that's a great question. You know, if you sort of go back and look at the history of waterboarding, at least in America with respect to prosecutions and laws that have been passed up, you get the growing sense that it is unlawful, that it is illegal, that it's you know, a violation of the U. N.  declaration of human rights. It's a violation of the U. N.  Convention Against Torture. It's a violation of the United States Detainees Torture Act of 2005. The CIA has said that it has not used this since 2003. It prohibited the use in 2006, and so on and so forth. So you would think that there seems to be some consensus growing that it is unlawful. And yet the attorney general has yet to define waterboarding as torture and illegal.","So why is it so hard to determine whether it's torture or not?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A's turn: The actual meaning is that John McCain's position on enhanced interrogation techniques is inconsistent with what he has been saying on the campaign trail, and he seems to be trying to reconcile this inconsistency. The words used may imply that John McCain is being deceptive or inconsistent.","questions":"How does PersonA describe John McCain's position on enhanced interrogation techniques?","answer":"Inconsistent"}
{"text":["So what do these numbers here in Southern California, what does that mean for the rest of the country?","You know the other kind of metro coastal areas are following a pretty similar pattern. But you know places like Charlotte, North Carolina haven't - places that haven't had the kind of run up that we had in the hot spots probably aren't seeing as large declines because they don't have this part of fall. But the real sort of disaster areas are California and Nevada, Arizona, Florida. You know, New York City has had great appreciation and hasn't seen the large declines now. So that sort of the one the economists are watching next to see, you know, if New York's bubble is - which is sort of been slowly deflating is really going to have a big burst at some point.","Foreclosure seems to be playing a big role in all of this. A new study came out yesterday from the company Realty Track showing that across the country fewer Americans are thinking about buying a foreclosed home. So what might be the effect of this?","Here in southern California people are buying foreclosed homes, especially ones that are sort of decent quality.","I understand that you are currently speaking to us from a home that was foreclosed on. Can you tell us a little about your situation there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Foreclosure is having a big impact on the current situation.","questions":"What is the reason behind the decline in Americans buying foreclosed homes?","answer":"Fewer"}
{"text":["But we don't know what types of tools the Denisovans made. The Neanderthals lived in Western Eurasia and in Europe, and the Denisovans seem to have lived in the eastern parts of Eurasia, and we don't have a well-defined group of skeletons or archaeology that we know must have been left behind by a group.","But amazingly, we do have a genome sequence from the Denisovans, and we can use the genome sequence to study how they're related to Neanderthals and modern humans.","How do you get such an accurate reading of a genome from a 50,000-year-old bone?I mean, it would seem - you know, it's an old bone.","Yeah, it's really old. So ancient DNA is an amazing field that's really become revolutionized over the last few years because of the revolution for medical genetics, from genomics, which has made the cost of DNA sequencing come down by a factor of about 100,000 over the last decade and especially in the last year by many thousand-fold."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The genome sequence helps us study the relationship between Neanderthals and Denisovans.","questions":"What field has become revolutionized over the last few years?","answer":"Genomics"}
{"text":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The phone call made by the person was a mistake that led to their identification as a potential associate of the war criminal Radovan Karadzic.","questions":"How was the person identified as a potential associate of Radovan Karadzic?","answer":"SIM"}
{"text":["Yeah, it was highly publicized. Its image got all over the world.","And how - it has a unique design to it. Who designed it and why does it have the shape it has?","That's a really interesting question. There's - it's actually a complicated story. The chief architect was a man named John Graham Jr. , had a large architectural firm. He was mainly known as the man who invented the first really successful shopping mall, which was here in Seattle, Northgate. He had the task of creating the Space Needle. But he - they got stuck on the design. They had a doodle on a napkin. He had a bunch of architects who began looking at a tower-like structure. They were inspired by a tower, a broadcast tower in Germany, in Stuttgart, which had a restaurant on it. And so they knew they wanted an observation deck. But they were kind of open to what else they would do. They thought about putting a planetarium up there and a helicopter pad.","No kidding."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The object is a tower that is very tall and has a sharp point at the end.","questions":"How would you describe the shape of the object?","answer":"Tall"}
{"text":["Just tell me what a typical day has been like camped out there on the tracks.","Well, it's hot. It's been pretty hot out here. And then you got your rain. It's hot and wet, you know, kind of sticky. But we're coal miners - we're used to rough conditions and climates and water and all that stuff, you know.","Have local people in town been bringing you food?Have you been cooking out over an open fire?What's it been?","Yeah it's been - cooking out on a camp grill. People out of state's been calling in pizzas to the local Pizza Hut. And we've been supported well."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Supported well implies that they have been eating good and surviving","questions":"Which word describes the support received by the protesters?","answer":"support"}
{"text":["What happened with Dr.  Strauss was upsetting. It was one night in your life. How has it stayed with you over the years?What's it done to your life since then?","So that building was fairly close to campus. And so for the next probably three, four or five years, you know, I went by that building a lot. It was hard to relive what's going in there. Again, you just kind of bottle it up and put it away. I'm, you know, upset with Ohio State. But I'm upset with Strauss, but he's dead. So I'm even more upset that Ohio State, a large institution that I have significant ties to and that I - you know, I met my wife there, asked her to marry me, have lots of friends from there. I've donated my time, donated money. And now I'm finding out that they failed me.","When the box opened back up on Memorial Day, I've had trouble sleeping at night. I sometimes wake up the middle of the night and see him standing over me doing what he's doing. And I still - there's one picture of him on the - a local TV station and Columbus' website - a color picture that I can't look at. If I see it, I just get sick to my stomach. So the box has been opened back up now, and it's been a struggle.","What would you like the university to do at this point in your life?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Experiencing trauma and distress due to memories of the abuse","questions":"Which emotion has affected the PersonA's sleep since the box opened back up on Memorial Day?","answer":"distress"}
{"text":["And now it's letter time. Our editor, Sasa Woodruff, is here with me. Hey, Sasa.","Hey, Farai. How's it going?","I'm doing fabulously. So, what are folks saying this week?","Well, our series on race and our discussions on California's measure to ban gay marriage got the most hits this week. Jenny Livingston(ph) in Brooklyn, New York wrote in after hearing one of our discussions about Prop 8. She wrote: As a supporter of the Obama campaign, I was ecstatic about the Obama victory. Then the news the next day about Prop 8 and about other civil rights setbacks for lesbian and gay and transgender families flavored our victory with more than a dash of bittersweet. I like your piece the other day, as I always like your show. But I think it could have gone much deeper. The question I wanted to hear more directly addressed was, is the black community and Americans at large open to seeing gay, lesbian, transgender rights as a civil rights issue?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The victory of Obama was flavored with sadness after Prop 8.","questions":"What flavored Obama's victory?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["So it was a very protracted civil war, but during the 17-month period that Rios Montt was the leader of the country, the scorched earth campaign that he presided over was the, by far, the most violent period in this protracted civil war. The United Nations, it was instrumental in establishing a truth commission for the country in the late 1960s after the civil war ended. And it was chaired by a German - a law professor.","And it found that there were acts of genocide against the Ixil Mayans during this period that the trial covered. And so its findings confirmed after extensive research that, again, as you said, there was a very protracted civil war, but this period was, by far, the period of most staggering violence.","And that commission, I believe, found that of the 200,000 people who were killed over the course of the whole civil war, I believe they found that 83 percent were Mayans. And that was the foundation for their finding that acts of genocide were committed.","And as I understand it, in the cities of Guatemala (unintelligible) there were many individuals who were targeted, identified as labor leaders or insurgents, one way or another, and murdered or disappeared. In the countryside it was indiscriminate. Everybody was a target."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The civil war had good parts and bad parts. He lead the country and destroyed as much of it as possible.","questions":"Which period was the most violent?","answer":"Infectious"}
{"text":["I suppose that reaching young people would be the appropriate place to go to try to build a new sensibility about Africa?","I had this girl in Oakland come up to me, and she says why are you talking to us?I look around the audience here and the kids sitting alongside of me, the people who can make a difference are people with influence, people with money, and the people sitting by me have neither. I said it is so much more than you think in terms of the influence you have and the power you have, the sense of passion you have.","You know, they haven't settled yet often in high school and stuff. We get older and we seem to just settle and say, well that's the way it is and the edge seems to be taken off. But they're at high school, and at colleges, universities, they haven't settled for less and it is - it's inspiring for me as I see the activism that's happening.","Now, does it happen within your own family?I don't know the ages of your children, but I wonder if your passion has been passed down to them?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They suppose that informing young people in an engaging way would be appropriate.","questions":"What would be an appropriate approach to build a new sensibility about Africa according to PersonB's statement?","answer":"Informing"}
{"text":["Happens to be benched. What do you make of this?I think Vince's issues I think are quite different from Tarvaris. I think there was a lot of pressure on Vince from the time he came out of Texas to kind of be the black Johnny Unitas, and he's going to - they'll both have an opportunity to sit and watch, and hopefully come back with a vengeance.","One really quick other black quarterback not in the league at the moment, in Atlanta, Michael Vick. Is Matt Ryan, the replacement, making Atlanta Falcon fans forget Michael Vick?","I wouldn't say that. Maybe that first week he did, but there will only be one Michael Vick. Remember, Tony, Michael Vick was the most exciting quarterback in the NFL, and there's still talk and anticipation of him playing when he gets out.","All right. Let's move on to baseball because we're moving into the time of the year, at least for me, when baseball really becomes interesting. This year we had a couple of blockbuster trades involving Manny Ramirez going from Boston to the Dodgers, and we also had C. C. Sabathia going from the Cleveland Indians to the Milwaukee Brewers, and they turned their respective teams around. So, the question is, are they - should they be considered as MVP candidates even though they've only been there a short time?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Vince's issues are related to the pressure he faced due to expectations of being the next great black quarterback.","questions":"How were Vince's issues related?","answer":"different"}
{"text":["Well, she took a very strong stance and decided to convoke a disciplinary meeting at the headquarters of the National Front to reprimand officially and potentially exclude her father from the party he himself created 40 years ago.","She put out a statement that said, quote, \"her father seems to have entered a veritable spiral between a scorched-earth strategy and a political suicide. \"That's. . .","Yeah.",". . . Not making peace there, certainly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B: \"...Not making peace there, certainly.\" This turn uses the idiomatic expression \"making peace,\" which means to resolve a conflict or disagreement. However, in this context, it is used sarcastically to suggest that the daughter's actions are not aimed at resolving the conflict with her father.","questions":"What is the meaning of the idiomatic expression \"making peace\" in turn 3?","answer":"Resolve"}
{"text":["And tell us a bit about the ocean bed.","It's a bit rockier than the Rockies. It's that sort of terrain. The location they're looking at is at the foot of a huge mountain. That mountain rises about three and a half kilometers. That's about two miles up from the sea floor. So it's on a really quite steep terrain. We don't know whether the seabed there is muddy, silty - in which case things can sink into the seabed - or whether it's rocky. We've got better maps of the moon's surface for this area than we do of the seabed itself. So, you know, if someone said to you, this is on the moon, we could tell you what the terrain was like. We don't really know what it's like here. We don't have detailed maps.","I have a lot of respect for the Royal Australian Navy, but has anybody ever been able to pick up something this deep in the ocean before?","The technology is there, but it's rare. And there isn't - there aren't that many vehicles that can operate at these sorts of depths."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  A: \"The technology is there, but it's rare.\" This sentence has a non-literal meaning because the word \"rare\" does not refer to the technology being scarce, but rather to the fact that it is uncommon for vehicles to operate at the depths of the ocean where the object in question is located.","questions":"What does the word \"rare\" refer to in PersonA's statement?","answer":"Technology"}
{"text":["OK, starting with GlobalGrind. Here's the deal Farai, as you know, being in the media, it's becoming more and more niche, and people, especially what you're talking about Internet, you're talking about web communities and defining that niche. Now we're seeing more and more websites pop up where we've had black websites in the past, but GlobalGrind is this one-stop shop.","They claim, or they offer, for news, gossip, humor, entertainment. It's just about everything that users think is important. So the whole site is actually driven by users voting on other content that's happening elsewhere. And so the higher the vote of a specific piece of content, the more relevant it comes up on the GlobalGrind webpage.","Is it fun?","It is fun. It looks very clean. It's sleek. I do like the ownership behind the company, and some of the people driving it, because Navarro is a guy that ran 360HipHop. com, which was very successful that was sold to BET. I've met with their advertising people. I think they really got their handle on - they've made it mobile. They now integrate it with Facebook, which wasn't there before, which I was dinging them on. I was like, when are you guys going to get with mobile applications in a Web 2. 0 space?","All right, Mario. We have to jump in. RushmoreDrive. Give me the skinny."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : GlobalGrind is a successful and well-managed company with a strong focus on mobile and social media","questions":"How is GlobalGrind's focus on social media?","answer":"Mobile"}
{"text":["How hopeful are you that this outbreak can be contained?","Specifically in Uganda, they are very well-prepared. But the way the response is going in the DRC is very concerning. There's a lot of scale-up and better coordination and closely working with the community. There's a lot of armed groups operating in the area. There's a tax on Ebola workers. NGOs are forced to suspend their programming on a regular basis.","And so it's really important that we gain the trust of the community in the DRC, that people make sure they're starting to bring suspected cases into the clinics because we're still seeing a lot of cases in the communities, which shows that people are not trusting the response, and they're not bringing their loved ones into the clinics for treatment. So in order to stop it spreading, we have to stop it in the source, which is in North Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo.","Kellie Ryan with the International Rescue Committee in Uganda. We reached her by Skype. Kellie, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The lack of trust in the community in the DRC is hindering efforts to stop the spread of Ebola.","questions":"Which country is mentioned as being well-prepared in the response to the Ebola outbreak?","answer":"Uganda"}
{"text":["According to the Census Bureau itself, the idea is to count everyone in the United States not just citizens. So if you only count citizens, that's going to reduce the power and resources provided to districts in places that have more people in the country who have immigrated here illegally. And those places would argue they need the resources and the representation.","All right. Well, let's talk about immigration. President Trump has also said his administration will move forward fairly soon with a plan to arrest thousands of migrant families in surprise roundups across major U. S.  cities. Meanwhile, DHS's IG report has shown terrible conditions for the people being held in custody. Is the president's reaction a problem for him politically?","Well, I mean, the more attention this gets, it certainly could. You know, the president is pretty, you know, focused on the fact that there haven't been, you know - on television, right?- this hasn't been something that you've seen a lot of network television cameras in. And if those conditions are things that are captured on TV, that is something that could change the narrative. But so far, the president feels like this is a winning issue for him.","Domenico Montanaro, NPR's lead political editor, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The administration does not move forward physically but initiates plans to deal with immigration.","questions":"Which plan?","answer":"Arrest"}
{"text":["Yeah. So you know, scientists know how to read the genetic code. What they want to do now is what they call write the genetic code, write DNA. And what that means is they essentially want to assemble or manufacture genomes from the chemical building blocks it's made of for all kinds of living organisms, including, as you said, people. And they want to be able do it in their labs quickly, efficiently and cheaply so it becomes something really practical and easy to do.","Well, I guess the question is - why do they want to do this?But also, it sounds like almost acting like creators themselves. I mean, are they acting as - can they create something completely new?","Yeah, well that's it. They actually - that's what they want to do. They basically want to harness the power of biology to solve some of the biggest problems that faces humanity right now. It's a field of science known as synthetic biology. And basically, what they want to do is they want to be able to build genetic codes, sort of like the way computer programs program computers. They want to be able to write DNA, rewrite it - to be able to make organisms, living things, do whatever they want it to do.","OK. This does sound controversial. Tell us why."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The use of synthetic biology is likely to be controversial as it involves scientists manipulating and creating living organisms.","questions":"Which field of science involves scientists manipulating and creating living organisms?","answer":"Synthetic"}
{"text":["I can do it either way.","There are two different puzzles. You know, they are the dominant forms of matter and energy in the universe. Roughly speaking, dark matter accounts for about 25 percent of the universe, and dark energy 70 percent with the stuff you and I are made of, weighing in at 4. 5 percent. And, you know, dark matter holds things together. Dark matter holds together our galaxy, and it's the dark energy that's causing the expansion of the universe to speed up. So they're doing very different things. But as you alluded to, they're both big mysteries and who knows?They might be related.","We think that in terms of the puzzles that were at different stages, as long as we're talking about the LHC, one of cosmology's big hopes is that the LHC stands for dark matter factory. Let's see, I guess those letters don't quite work. Maybe in some language they do. But we're hoping that the LHC, after it finds the Higgs, will actually find the dark matter particle so that this mystery that started some 70 years ago with Fritz Zwicky will be finished off and that we will have identified the dark matter. The dark energy is one of those puzzles where, who knows, it could get solved this decade, but my hunch is it will be another 30 years or maybe even longer.","Are you saying that the Large Hadron Collider can actually make dark matter?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker is using the phrase \"LHC stands for dark matter factory\" figuratively, as the LHC is not literally a factory that produces dark matter particles. The speaker is expressing hope that the LHC will be able to detect or produce dark matter particles, which would help solve the mystery of dark matter.","questions":"Which puzzle stands for 70% of the universe's content?","answer":"Dark"}
{"text":["Well, I'm going to try to make this as succinct as possible. But it's a complicated game of musical chairs. Next in line to take over the governor's job would be the local secretary of state. But that position has been vacant for the past two weeks because the former secretary of state resigned his position because he was involved in the original leaked chat that led to the governor's resignation.","Oh, the same scandal got the next - the second in line before it got the first guy. OK, go on.","Right. And then it would be Wanda Vazquez's turn. But as we've seen, she's a controversial figure, and she has already expressed her desire that she doesn't want the job. After that, it would be the Treasury secretary's turn. But he's been in his post for less than a month after Governor Rossello fired his predecessor for publicly denouncing corruption schemes within the Puerto Rican Treasury without first consulting with the governor's office. So the problem with the current Treasury secretary is that he's 31 years old and doesn't meet the minimum age requirement to be governor. . .","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Referring to a complicated game of musical chairs, not an actual game but referring to the fact that anyone could take the spot, similar to the game of musical chairs. ","questions":"What game is being referred to in turn 0?","answer":"Musical"}
{"text":["Yeah. The numbers aren't necessarily looking his way.","No.","Glenn Thrush is the chief political correspondent of Politico. Thanks so much for being back with us.","Great to be here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : has a literal meaning of \"Yes, the numbers aren't looking good for the person,\" but its actual meaning is \"It looks like the person isn't likely to succeed.\"","questions":"Which person is unlikely to succeed?","answer":"Person"}
{"text":["Then later on, I ended up having to deal with, really, racism from both sides, from white people, as well as from black people who claimed that I was not really black because of the music I listened to or the way that I speak or some intangible delineation that people make in terms of how you're supposed to behave based upon the color of your skin.","Well, Brian, you know, you went on to basically go about your life and kind of sublimate this incredible pressure. But at some point, it all broke for you. What happened then?","Well, what happened was - I should back up and say that at the time that I wrote \"Not a Genuine Black Man,\" the book and the play, I decided that in order for it to be real and to be true and to be what I wanted it to be, I'd have to be completely naked. And that being the case, I knew that I would have to talk about the darkest moment in my life, which was a very severe period of depression I went through in 1999.","I had - I didn't realize it at the time, but apparently I had suffered depression since childhood, from all of the, you know, strangers driving down the street yelling the N-word, not being included because I was the only black kid and being different. And I'd spent a lot of time isolating and by myself."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B acknowledges that A had to suppress the pressure he faced, but eventually reached a breaking point.","questions":"What did PersonB say about PersonA's experience with pressure?","answer":"Suppress"}
{"text":["It could be any number of things, Scott. It - there was a sidebar that, as you know, was sealed. In other words, the conversation was not made public. Could be something related to a witness scheduling issue. It could be something related to an issue that the government and the defense jointly need to work out. Could be any number of things.","I raise this because, of course, the judge has gotten a lot of attention for being tough on the prosecution. He even apologized for being too sharp. You've appeared before Judge Ellis.","Many times.","Is he crankery and colorful, or does he cross the line?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is questioning if Judge Ellis is fair and impartial or if he crosses the line with his behavior.","questions":"How does PersonB feel about Judge Ellis's conduct?","answer":"Questioning"}
{"text":["I mean, I'm fortunate in that my voice is associated with big, worldwide soccer events. So if my voice becomes associated with big, American soccer events, there is a school of thought that that helps to add a certain validity to the occasion and to the broadcast. Now, whether that's the case is probably not for me to say, but that is the suggestion and the theory behind this.","But why do you think it hasn't really caught on here in America the same way?Because kids do it. You have soccer clubs all over the United States. Kids grow up playing soccer. And then, it kind of just stops.","Yeah. It does at the moment, or it has done up until this point. And it is the most played sport in that age group. For teenagers, soccer is the No. 1 participation event. And, gradually, that is translating into a greater interest in the professional game of soccer in this country. So one of the attractions of this job coming now, for me, is that if you look at the context of league soccer in this country, it began, effectively, in 1996. So this is season number 24 that begins over this weekend. If you translate that into the English game, league soccer there started in 1888. So, in the same terms, we're in 1911 now, here in America. So. . .","We're a young country in many ways (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Duck can swim is for sure impling that I can take care of myself is for sure.","questions":"Which animal is associated with the turn mentioned in the statement?","answer":"Duck"}
{"text":["I don't know what a - difference between an executive order and a proclamation is.","Well, proclamations seem to be more rare. They do kind of echo of something royal, but it has basically the same effect as an executive order.","And how would this change what somebody who wants to apply for asylum must do?","Well, it's trying to bar asylum for people who enter the U. S.  in between ports of entry."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Bar asylum for people who enter between ports of entry","questions":"How is the U.S. trying to restrict asylum seekers?","answer":"Bar"}
{"text":["Aw. We mentioned that you worked for President George W.  Bush, who advised John McCain. In your circle of friends, people there at the Hoover Institution - without violating any any confidences - your friends and colleagues - is your opinion widely held or are people who ordinarily would support the Republican candidate talking about voting for Hillary Clinton?","I think this is a real time of crisis for Republicans. It's hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Donald Trump. And it's very hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Hillary Clinton. In fact, I would have indulged the luxury of writing in one of my terrific nephews for president if I hadn't seen that the polls during the British referendum were off by 12 points. And my concern that (inaudible) be accurate, and everybody's vote's actually going to count this election.","Kori Schake is a research fellow at the Hoover Institution. She joined us by Skype. Thanks very much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"It's hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Donald Trump.\" This turn is an example of figurative language, where the word \"hard\" is used to express the idea of difficulty or reluctance. The literal meaning of \"hard\" is related to physical or tangible things, but in this context, it's used to convey an abstract concept.","questions":"Which word is used figuratively to express difficulty or reluctance in supporting Donald Trump in the dialogue?","answer":"Hard"}
{"text":["An impression, that's an interesting question there. And certainly, you talked about that room I was in, it was certainly interesting for me to be standing in there quite literally in the middle of this room surrounded by all these heads of state from around Africa. But I quite literally - I mean, the journalist in you kicks in - I'm there certainly covering it, but it kicks in and I made a beeline, I absolutely did, when I laid eyes on him. I went right over to him and certainly was curious to get an impression of him. But as soon as he determined and as soon as he understood who I was and what I was probably going to be asking him, his whole demeanor kind of changed.","He was there - and certainly, the Leo Sullivan Foundation and the Sullivan Summit is something you - it's not supposed to necessarily be political. And a lot of these heads of state agree to participate because - they are, they're looking for the betterment of that particular country that they're in. And it's all really something we're all supposed to get together and celebrate and try to help, and not supposed to really be a political undertone to any of it. So, I wasn't trying to create that, but still the journalist in me wanted to ask him some questions about what has been happening in Sudan, and certainly the Darfur region. But I never got that opportunity.","Sounds like he shut it down a little bit.","He shut it down like you wouldn't believe."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"shut it down\" - This is an idiom that means he stopped the conversation, rather than literally shutting something down like turning off a machine.","questions":"How did the person react to the questions asked by the journalist?","answer":"Stopped"}
{"text":["But the increase in numbers, I mean, you're talking about going onto reefs and having hundreds to thousands times as many starfish on a reef as you normally would see, and that's a big difference.","Yeah, and you think of some of the runoff that might be coming onto the reef.","There's a lot of evidence that it is. The smoking gun hasn't been found yet, but there's a lot to think that the runoff may be contributing to this. We're definitely - the Australian data show that they're seeing more frequent outbreaks of these sea stars in recent decades, and they think that especially nutrients but other parts of runoff may be to blame.","If you can get them - get the die-off under control, how much of a recovery could we expect from the reef system?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Runoff may be contributing to the increase in starfish population.","questions":"What is blamed for the increase in starfish population?","answer":"Runoff"}
{"text":["Oh, sheesh. I'll play a little bit of \"I Knew a Lady. \"","OK, I knew a lady too.","I'm sure you did.","(Singing) I knew a lady. And she was fine. She had a pretty face And a troubled mind. All she wanted was a little fun. She got dancing feet. She wanted to get it on. All the Lord's children need to be saved All the Lord's children lost in these days All the Lord's children in the frying pan Good God, Almighty throw up your dang hands All the Lord's children out on these streets All the Lord's children fighting for peace All the Lord's children up off your knees Good God, Almighty Come dance with me Oh, oh, oh, oh All the Lord's children feeling the pain All the Lord's children trying to maintain All the Lord's children trying to kill the brain With two vodka din(ph) And a glass of champagne Don't do it Huh, it ain't gonna work All she wanted was a little fun She got dancin' feet she want to get it on."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I knew a lady and she was fine\" means that she looked beautiful or pretty.","questions":"Which word describes the lady mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Fine"}
{"text":["OK.  And I understand that you co-authored a paper that looks at all the carbon emissions we're already committed to. Can you explain what all of that includes?","Sure. The idea was pretty simple. It started out as a thought experiment that if we never built another power plant or car or anything that burns a fossil fuel and, instead, we allowed all the ones that are out there in the world to retire according to their normal expected lifetime, how much CO2 would all of those already existing things add to the atmosphere?","And so what we did was set about collecting data on all of those different devices - power plants, cars, factories - and tried to figure out how old they were and how much CO2 they would produce. And when we did all those calculations. . .","Yeah?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The amount of CO2 that already existing things add to the atmosphere is significant.","questions":"How would you describe the significance of the CO2 added to the atmosphere by existing things?","answer":"significant"}
{"text":["The majority of them are coming from sub-Saharan Africa. They're trying to make the very perilous Mediterranean crossing to Europe. They're seeking jobs, a better life. They're fleeing conflict. Unfortunately the Europeans have this closed-door policy where they're basically putting these migrants back into Libya, basically subcontracting the migrant policy to Libyan militias. The migrants are kept in a series of horrid detention centers where they're subjected to torture, abuse, forced labor. And with this recent war, their situation has just gotten worse.","Stay with the recent war for a second because I want you to put what has just happened into the context of what is happening more broadly in Libya, which of course has been stuck in civil war for many years now. But this latest outbreak of violence began just in April. Is that right?","That's right - on April 4 when the militia forces aligned with General Khalifa Haftar - he's a renegade general - launched an attack on the internationally recognized government in Tripoli. He was claiming to liberate the capital from militias. But in fact, it was really just a power grab, and it's plunged the country into another round of civil war - horrendous conditions for civilians, over 700 deaths and thousands of people displaced from their homes.","And I'm wondering how to square the situation now with - I remember interviewing you last year. You had a new book just out on Libya. You were telling me. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The \"closed door\" policy does not actually involve any doors, but implies that Europe is unwelcoming to immigrants","questions":"What does the \"closed door\" policy imply about Europe's attitude towards immigrants?","answer":"Unwelcoming"}
{"text":[". . . In terms of choices. I mean, am I wrong about that?","You know, that research is still in the early stages as well. And I don't want to undermine it or underplay it, but you have to think about things sort of globally. And one thing that you can do is - if you're concerned about sunscreen use is you can just be extra careful about covering up.","So I know for my own kid, the swimsuit I got for him has long sleeves. And I'm always putting, like, a big hat on him. So you're telling me that's not overkill.","That is not overkill. That's actually a great idea. You know, there are a lot of sun-protective clothing on the market now, so that will help protect the environment 'cause you're using less sunscreen. And it will also help protect you against any potential problems with sunscreen ingredients.","In the end, how big a deal is this study published by JAMA?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Using sun-protective clothing helps protect the environment and against potential problems with sunscreen ingredients.","questions":"What helps protect against potential sunscreen problems?","answer":"sunscreen"}
{"text":["The whistleblower still has not met with lawmakers or staff from those committees. The whistleblower's lawyers had been waiting for interim security clearances from the government so that they can accompany their client in any interviews or meetings with Congress. I'm told that those interim security clearances have come through, that they came through and took effect today, so that's a step forward. A source tells me that talks on setting up meetings with congressional committees are still taking place at this point, and there is no date set as of yet.","Another front to ask you about, Ryan, which is - three House committees today subpoenaed the Pentagon and the White House budget office. Do we know what they were subpoenaing, what they want?","Well, the House Intelligence, the House Oversight and the House Foreign Affairs Committees have been busy in the past week or so issuing subpoenas, all as part of this impeachment inquiry. They've already subpoenaed the White House and the State Department, as well as President Trump's personal attorney Rudy Giuliani.","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's not a front, but a different part of the government that is being asked about.","questions":"What is being asked about in a different part of the government?","answer":"Subpeona."}
{"text":["Well, it occurred to me very early on in my career that there's no story to equal the story of Moses. At least, you know, to me and my background. So, I wrote some notes - this is back in 1951 - about something called the lawgiver, which I would hope someday to write. And I put these papers aside and glanced at them now and then, but I never thought I'd be able to do it because Moses was just beyond my reach.","Mr.  Wouk, I mean, I don't think telling the story of Moses is beyond you. But I do want to point out that it's been done.","Well, that really was the trouble. It's been done to utter perfection. There's no matching the tale exactly as it's told in the five books of Moses. The key to writing it was there was no narrative voice so that, quote, \"Herman Wouk,\" unquote, is taking no responsibility for what's being written. It's just various voices around a production rather of a movie about Moses.","Every time in this book I read an email or a conversation that seemed to kind of be mocking Hollywood, I thought about the movies that have been made of your books. And they've been pretty good, haven't they?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He as not reaching for Moses but means that the story was something he could not write.","questions":"What was the reason for Herman Wouk's hesitation in writing about Moses?","answer":"Moses"}
{"text":["Yeah. A chap called Paolo Campana seems to have been the first with the idea that you should eat a dish of pasta all'Amatriciana and donate some money to relief efforts - a euro, two euros, a couple of dollars. That was taken up fairly quickly by the Red Cross here in Italy. They've got a very clever campaign based on the fact that the ama in Amatriciana is love, so, you know, kind of playing on that and asking people to donate money when they eat a dish of pasta. A lot of restaurants here in Italy got on board very quickly. Paolo Campana said that he had 700 within a day of putting the idea up and lots of restaurants outside Italy.","Do you have a favorite version of the dish?","The simple one, the purest one, yeah. I don't particularly want it with onion or garlic. I think they overpower it. And I prefer just a little bit of hot pepper rather than black pepper, which is what some people put in. Interesting, you know, there's an idea to have a virtual sagre. I mean, these food festivals, they're called sagre, and they take place in every little town in Italy. And some people have put forward the idea that over the weekend, you cook a dish of Amatriciana, have some friends, post a photo, use a hashtag and donate some money to the relief efforts. That's a fun idea. You can, of course, just donate money to the relief efforts without having to cook.","Jeremy Cherfas wrote about pasta all'Amatriciana for NPR's The Salt, and he spoke to us from Rome. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) implies the speaker's approval of the idea of having a virtual sagre","questions":"Which writer wrote about pasta all'Amatriciana for NPR's The Salt?","answer":"Jeremy"}
{"text":["But we can also use technology to, you know, warn providers when they're entering orders, for instance. If I'm supposed to be in Mr.  James Smith and entering a complex chemotherapy order, for instance, I'd get an alert saying, are you sure?","Because there was another, you know, Mr.  James Smith on the same ward in the hospital. Are you sure you're entering orders on the right Mr.  James Smith, you know, for instance?","Anything a patient can do to protect him or herself?","With electronic health records has come in a layer of additional transparency for the health care system where patients can access more information electronically than they could ever do before."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) The speaker is not only suggesting using technology to alert providers when they may be entering orders for the wrong patient, but also emphasizing the importance of preventing medical errors in the healthcare system.","questions":"What is the PersonA's suggestion to prevent medical errors using technology?","answer":"Alert"}
{"text":["You know, that's a very strange thing. It showed that there is real fear of a reaction. And that now that they are two, whether or not people would start drawing a pattern - that was one of the questions that I sort of asked all the Korean leaders up in the Bay area. And once that question was asked, I think that they sort of saw an angle that I might go towards they didn't like and for the most part they either talked about in a very - and again, in a sort of like academic way about how, you know, like we should focus on class instead of race, or we should talk about people without using any sort of, like, cultural terms, or they were just sort of kick me out.","And what has happened to One Goh?","He is now in Napa State Mental Hospital, he - until he is - can be fit to stand trial. He's been declared unfit to stand trial because of his, you know, he's psychiatrically unable to stand trial at this point. And so he's undergoing compulsory medication to try and get him ready.","And Oikos University, what's happened there, there was something of a decertification."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to stand to trial means until they are ready to have a trial","questions":"What does One Goh need to be before he can have a trial?","answer":"Fit"}
{"text":["Chris Scheuerman knew that his son was having troubles coping with combat. In March of 2005 while Jason was on leave, he told his father he was scared. Chris Scheuerman told him that was natural, and before leaving him at the airport for his return to Iraq, he reminded Jason to seek help if he was feeling depressed. A month later, after putting a rifle in his mouth, Jason visited an Army chaplain. A few weeks after that, Jason was evaluated by an Army psychologist.","He told me that the psychologist had given him a standardized test and talked to him for about 10 minutes. And after that evaluation, he sent a note back to the command stating that Jason was capable of feigning his illness in order to manipulate his command. That assessment brought much hardship down on my son, and this is after this unit had seen Jason with the muzzle of his weapon in his mouth and did nothing. This is a unit in which a chaplain writes he believed my son to be possessed by demons and obsessed with suicide, and did nothing. On the day that Jason took his life, he was given an Article 15, which in the military, is a non-judicial punishment. They gave him that for being out of uniform. During those proceedings, his first sergeant told him that if he was faking his illness, then he would go to jail and become someone's butt buddy, and Jason talks to that statement in his suicide note.","What does he say?","Basically, paraphrasing it, he speaks that life is not worth living if all he has looked forward to is being in jail and being someone's butt buddy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Butt Buddy is a derogatory remark and not a term for an actual friend ","questions":"Which term is a derogatory remark and not a term for an actual friend?","answer":"Butt"}
{"text":["What we've looked at in Britain is the idea of looking at the model we have for regulating broadcasting where broadcasters hold licenses. There's an independent regulatory body that oversees those licenses. And they get to judge in the round, do they have effective policies in place to make sure that they are producing good quality content?They respond to complaints properly. And if they're found not to be upholding the terms of their license, then the regulator can take action against them.","Mr.  Collins, we need to ask you this week - you are a member of the Conservative Party - how will you vote on Prime Minister May's proposal to leave the EU?","I won't be supporting the prime minister's proposal when we vote on it on Tuesday. In leaving the European Union, the idea's that we would take more control of the direction of the country. And there are some technical aspects of the deal which potentially lock us into a trading (ph) relationship with the rest of Europe that we'd have no right to break and that I think suits the rest of the EU. And so I won't be supporting the deal on Tuesday, and I'd like the prime minister to go back to Europe.","Damian Collins, chairman of the Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee of the British House of Commons, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Broadcasters need to produce good quality content or face action","questions":"What is the purpose of the independent regulatory body mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Regulation"}
{"text":["These are, you know, small things, but - you know, you said before somebody who is about to make a radical change. And I would advise them not to make too radical a change, because all forms of abstinence - you know, dieting radically or maybe even sexual abstinence - often, you find yourself longing so much for the thing you're missing that you will really go overboard once you get off the wagon.","Where do you see America a year from now, in terms of how people change their consumption and maybe their long-term attitudes?","You know, I'm not sure that we're going to have a great big attitude change. It's really too early to tell. Surely, when people can get less credit and if they have less jobs, they will be spending less. But you know, it's not going to be like the last Great Depression, because the last Great Depression was not preceded by a half a century of consumer culture, in which they really have brainwashed as to want to buy more and more and more things and throw them out and get the next new thing.","But already, people are changing their habits. And so I do think we may buy less, and we may start to think about buying things that are more durable, that can be fixed, that don't obsolesce so quickly. And we may begin to find, as my partner and I began to find, that you're really just as happy without it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : going overboard means you overreact to something bad or good.","questions":"How might someone react to abstinence according to PersonA in turn 0?","answer":"Longing"}
{"text":["DR.  MEENAKSHI WADHWA: Thanks, Ira.","Let's talk about your collection. How did you get a collection?","So, this is actually part of a great story too. There's a really famous collector, an Arizonan, Harvey Nininger, who had this wonderful collection. He is probably the person who I would say was responsible for bringing up the science of meteorites to the United States. And he had this great passion for meteorites. Actually, in the natural world in general but a great passion for collecting these space rocks. And he did this in the 1930s and '40s, and he had this wonderful collection, probably the best in the world.","And towards the late 1950s, he actually sold - he was basically deciding what to do with it and wanted it to have a life beyond his at some point and he sold half of it to the British Museum.","Wow."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : life beyond his means that something lasts beyond his lifespan","questions":"How did Harvey Nininger ensure his collection had a life beyond his?","answer":"transferred"}
{"text":["And did people confront you?","The Daily Stormer readers clearly thought it was me from the comments that were directed at me that very clearly said that I hope - Dean better hope he dies of natural causes before we get him, things like we should hang him from an elm tree. And in their comments, they clearly saw - thought I was a terrorist. And just so it's clear for people, The Daily Stormer is not your average white supremacist neo-Nazi publication, if there is such one. It is one where readers go to, they exchange information. They animate each other into action.","And readers of The Daily Stormer have committed acts of violence. James Jackson, who I wrote about that May 2017 article, came to New York in March from Maryland to start a race war and killed an elderly African American man and thankfully was arrested before he could kill others. And others have read this publication. So when they say confront you there, it's not a normal publication saying, go challenge his opinions. It is direct action, encouraging people to literally confront me and to commit acts of violence.","OK. But I'm just curious about why, if you feel that these people are promoting and fomenting violence, why isn't this a criminal matter as opposed to a civil matter?I mean, a civil matter is between two private parties, and the only consequence could be money, right?That's the only way it can be a remedy. But if you feel that this group is actually encouraging violence, why isn't this a criminal complaint?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Daily Stormer readers are not just exchanging information but also inciting each other to commit violent acts.","questions":"What are The Daily Stormer readers doing besides exchanging information?","answer":"Inciting"}
{"text":["There's tanks - a row of tanks that stretches from one end of the square to the other. It's clear that that square will have a symbolic meaning to this army for some time to come. We're now moving in front of another long line of soldiers. And as we pass, they lock their eyes on this rickshaw. And they follow us as we move by. We're still moving down the boulevard that's in front of Tiananmen Square. And it's quite remarkable how clean the square is now.","You know, the most memorable thing from that ride was a small, English sign that was hanging from a bridge. And it said, all these things must be answered for. And it was that small flicker of protest that was still there.","And for 30 years since then, the Chinese government has worked hard to erase the memory of what happened in Tiananmen Square that day. How successful has the campaign been?","Pretty successful. Ari, I have met Chinese students who came to the States to study journalism. And for the first time, they read about Tiananmen Square. And I see what happens in their heads. How could I not know about this?They've come to study journalism, and so many of them - I see that mental landscape shift. And they know that they can't be the kind of journalists that they are studying in America. They can't go back to China to do that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Chinese journalism students are restricted in reporting on Tiananmen Square","questions":"Which type of students are limited in their reporting according to turn 3?","answer":"a"}
{"text":["Sure. The basic idea is that if, in your country, you've got natural resources, that somebody is going to pay to come into your country and extract and then sell on the international market. That seems like something that ought to economically benefit your country. You will get new revenue from the extraction and sale of your natural resources. But what we see over and over again is that selling off your natural resources in the commodities market tends to kind of ruin your country. It tends to leave you worse off, even economically worse off. And that's because it has a warping effect on your economy.","It's hard to have a diversified, stable economy when you've got one resource that's pulling in such a big revenue stream. And when you've got one resource that's pulling in such a big revenue stream, you tend to end up with very rich elites who will do anything to hold onto power, who stop doing the other things that governments should otherwise be doing to serve the needs of the people.","OK. So what does this have to do with Michael Jackson's glove?","(Laughter) Well, it's both a sad and all areas side story in this. The government in Equatorial Guinea got all these oil revenues. And they basically decided to turn the president of the country and his son into some of the richest and most ostentatiously, flagrantly tacky people on the globe while the people of that country suffered and got poorer."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Selling off natural resources makes the economy in a country worse than before.","questions":"Which effect does selling off natural resources have on a country's economy?","answer":"Worse"}
{"text":["Nice to be here.","And remind us of what you reported last week - a room filled with brains must be a startling sight.","It certainly is. Dozens of brains in glass jars - it's what's left of this collection at the University of Texas that came here in 1986 from the Austin State Hospital. It was a mental institution here in town. So they kind of sat in a closet in a basement lab for about 25 years until they were happened upon by a photographer here in town named Adam Voorhees. And he started to dig into them a little bit more and, you know, found that a hundred of these brains were missing, that half the collection had gone missing over the decades that they'd been sitting there.","And there was some news this week about what might've happened to those brains."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is implying that new information has been revealed regarding the missing brains.","questions":"Which aspect of the collection is discussed in the news?","answer":"Collection"}
{"text":["But Alaphilippe seems to be digging deeper every day. He's a former soldier. And he's extremely tough, really affable, straight-talking. The things he's done - they've set on fire the passions of the people, really. He's just sort of gone on a rampage - these break-for-the-border dashes for the finishing line. And he's succeeded three or four times, and everybody's talking about him.","And then there is another Frenchman who is one of the favorites to win the race. Tell us about him.","That's right - Thibaut Pinot, very different, a very emotional man. And he fell into a trap a few days ago and lost a bit of time. But he's still in with a very big shot. So he's vowed to fight back on Saturday and may well get back into a position. Thibaut Pinot is about 28, 29 years old. He hasn't raced here for a while. He'd been racing in Italy. He really is a very, very popular man. And if he does win the Tour de France, he will be the most popular man in France.","Now, as we've said, the race is just past its halfway point, and a Frenchman has not won the Tour de France in 34 years. So what's the attitude and sentiment like among people in these small French towns where the cyclists are whizzing past?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The people in France are actively watching the race and will be discussing the winner.","questions":"How are the people in France engaged in the Tour de France?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Well, I was abused by a priest when I was a child. And it caused me a great deal of difficulty with my life afterwards. I had a lot of problems with anxiety and depression.","How old were you when it happened?","I had just turned 13. I was in a children's hospital. And the priest who assaulted me was the Catholic chaplain of the hospital. And he also took indecent photographs, which had a lasting effect on me.","You were one of two sexual abuse survivors on the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors. Yet you resigned March 1. Can you tell us why?","I did because I accepted the appointment to the commission in the hope that the church was really beginning to show, you know, a sincere wish to change. And after three years, I resigned on some specific issues. But, basically, it was the resistance from some quarters in the Vatican to actually change.","Does it surprise you that someone as high up as Cardinal Pell has been accused?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"abused by a priest\" - This phrase refers to a specific type of abuse, sexual abuse, rather than physical abuse or verbal abuse.","questions":"What kind of abuse did PersonA experience?","answer":"sexual"}
{"text":["Quite simply, did the White House ever interfere in your administration of your duties and your ability to properly forward this information, if you thought it appropriate, to the intelligence committees?","Bradley Moss is a lawyer specializing in issues of national security, including whistleblowers.","Thank you for taking the time to explain it to us.","Anytime."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Bradley Moss prevented the person being asked the question from carrying out their duties.","questions":"How did Bradley Moss affect the person's duties?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Oh, no. I love grapefruit.","(Laughter).","It's one of the best things in the world.","Seriously?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Seriously? could mean that B is surprised, does not believe, or is challenging A's statement.","questions":"Which emotion could PersonB express with the turn \"Seriously?\" (one-word answer)","answer":"Surprised"}
{"text":["You know, that's a really great question. Our book hit No. 3 on the New York Times bestseller list on Wednesday. And here I am having written this book and stepping into a different version of, you know, women's rights feminist icon. And it's something I'm really proud of because I had to really educate myself on what I believe to be true.","And so I - I don't know. I think that recreating a person's identity is happening on the daily. And I - for me - I want to keep breaking free from all of these identities and get down to that last one, which is human. And I hope that people out there feel the same way because we are all the same matter.","That soccer star Abby Wambach.","Abby, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A: \"stepping into a different version of, you know, women's rights feminist icon\" - This turn is figurative language as it refers to the author's personal transformation into a prominent feminist icon rather than actually stepping into a different version of herself.","questions":"How did the author refer to their personal transformation into a prominent feminist icon?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["It's really - it's really unlike any other church in the city and, you know, very, very few in Europe. It's not simply a church. It's almost like stepping into a kind of medieval marketplace inside. It's enormous. It's - there's always a hurly burly. And there's always a - you know, numerous things going on in there.","Well, now, we were seeing reports that officials are saying the fire might be connected to the renovation work going on in there. You've reported on the renovations for Time. What kind of shape was the cathedral in before this fire?","Well, you know, for years they have been saying that the church was in terrible shape. And in fact, church officials had taken me up onto the roof not that long ago, when I was reporting this for Time, to show me how pieces of the building were simply dropping off. They described the gargoyles, the medieval faces on the side of the church, as being like ice cream melting in the sun. They would simply, like, drop away. The church had no money to replace them or restore them. And so they were using, like, PVC pipes to just, you know, stick on the side of the walls where the gargoyles had been. And. . .","Oh, my goodness, wow. I mean, Notre Dame is one of the most iconic symbols of Paris. Can you talk about the cultural significance of this cathedral for France?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The cathedral was in poor condition before the fire due to lack of funding for maintenance and restoration.","questions":"What was the condition of the cathedral before the fire?","answer":"Poor"}
{"text":["Can anybody do this?And this being adopted and adapted by commercial industry?","Well, anybody with a little equipment could do it. The thing is, it's still not easy, and it's still really expensive because you can only make - right now they only know how to make really, really, really tiny amounts. But the big thing he was trying to show is you don't have to start with really expensive feed stocks, is the chemical term.","You can make this stuff from anything. So once people figure out their techniques a little bit better, the prospects for a huge drop in price are great. Now of course there are other problems with this stuff. There's not enough of it that people have figured a lot of the technical problems. Like if you make electronics from graphene, it has all these beautiful properties. But if you make them, you've got to connect them to wires.","And the connector problem, you know, just in a way it's a version of when you plug something into your computer, how do you connect it. How do you connect something to a sheet of carbon that's one atom thick so that it's reliable and does what you want it to?People are working on that. That's still a mystery."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : being adopted in this context means \"is something being used?\"","questions":"Which chemical term?","answer":"Feedstocks"}
{"text":["Oh, by all means. I mean, the family in particular has been just, I mean, courageous. I've been at this 50 years now, and sometimes families withdraw, and we understand that. But this family has been a model of participation in all of the rallies, the demonstrations that we've had, and some of the members will be arrested. Therefore, they have sent a message across the city, indeed across the nation, rallying young people because Sean was about 22, 23, rallying young people to this cause.","Now, you and Reverend Sharpton's National Action Network were involved in protests around the shooting death of Amadou Diallo. Civil disobedience played a big role in those protests. What do you think those protests taught you, or what did you learn from them?","Well, you know, we've been doing this across the years. There's nothing new about a civil disobedience. But having 1,200 people arrested in a daily civil disobedience venture is phenomenal. It made an impact upon the police department itself and upon the politics in New York. Giuliani was the mayor at that time.","We hope that we will have a residential law. That is to say that policemen should live where they work. So that would mean you kill where you live. And I suspect that if you're going to kill where you live, you'll be more inclined not to kill, and we hope that there would be an independent civilian complaint review board that would review the behavior of the police."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implementation of a residential law for policemen and an independent civilian complaint review board would decrease police brutality.","questions":"What would be the possible solution to reduce police brutality mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Residentiallaw"}
{"text":["Before we started recording, you were telling me a story about talking to Dr.  King while he was shaving.","Oh. Well, I've been in his room. . .","Yeah.",". . . When he was shaving. I've been in Dr.  Abernathy's room. Dr.  Abernathy would put more lather on his face. And he didn't smell quite as mild as Dr.  King (laughter), you know?I can just - I didn't have no reason to think I could be remembering that - anything like that. I was just a young fella just caught up in the movement. And it was just an honor to be able to just see Dr.  King, as well as to go up to his room with somebody. It wasn't by myself during that time. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implies that A had already been in Dr. King's and Dr. Abernathy's room before, while","questions":"Which two rooms had PersonA been in before?","answer":"Dr.King,Dr.Abernathy"}
{"text":["Well, we make them act like Trojan horses. One of the innate abilities they have is that for some reason they just chase these very difficult-to-reach migratory cancer cells in human brain. And because of this innate ability, we can then load them with these, you know, Greek soldiers, as you said in the introduction, in this case as a way of killing brain cancer cells, and they reach, they get these cancer cells. And in our experimental studies, at least in an in-vitro study, they seem to have a very good efficacy.","Is this in mice?Are you doing this in mice?","Well, we - the paper that we publish right now is all in-vitro, and it was a proof of principle that we can get these cells from human fat. And the series of experiments that we're doing in the laboratory right now are precisely in rodents, in mice.","Mm-hmm. And they're able to cross that blood-brain barrier and go into the brain?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Not actually trojan horses or Greek soldiers, just cells that enter the body with a different purpose than what they originally have ","questions":"What is the purpose of the cells used in the experiment?","answer":"Killing"}
{"text":["So, you're skeptical about a car czar. You think that there should be loans, though, with strict provisions attached to them.","Right, right.","What else?What else needs to be done?I mean, this is a massive, massive problem, and two of the three are facing extinction at this point.","Don't forget, what's putting them in this condition is the economic, you know, the economic condition of the nation right now. But the kind of fixed-cost structure that these auto companies have is massive, massive losses that have to do with what's happening to demand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning.","questions":"Which turn in the conversation explicitly states the absence of a figurative or non-literal meaning?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["Mr.  Mayor, in the half a minute we have left, there a lot of people listening to you. A lot of people will be becoming familiar with Beaufort today. They might be moved to help. How can they?","Well, that's a great question. Let us do the initial damage assessment first. And again, I think the biggest thing right now is for those that did evacuate, please standby, be patient with us as we kind of blaze a path for you to return - a safe path for your return.","Rett Newton is the mayor of Beaufort, N. C.  Mr.  Mayor, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The mayor cannot guarantee a quick return for those who evacuated.","questions":"How does the mayor respond to the question about how people can help Beaufort?","answer":"initial"}
{"text":["Well, Mr.  Market feels pretty strongly that he's seen this show before. And. . .","He's counting on something to be worked out at the last minute.","That's right. The real question is, if by Thursday there's no deal, will stock markets still be gaily rising?I think the answer is probably no.","I was struck by a phrase in Chris Arnold's piece about the dollar being the bedrock currency for much of the world. Is that jeopardized?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) He's counting on something to be worked out at the last minute: Implied Meaning: He's expecting a solution to be found shortly before the deadline.","questions":"What question does PersonA ask in response to the statement about Mr. Market's expectations?","answer":"Will"}
{"text":["I want to ask you about an episode in which math, science figures into the plot even if you don't realize it at first. And this is \"Springfield or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling,\" where Homer gets endowed with Henry Kissinger's brain.","Of course, that comes about because - I don't know how to explain this - Henry Kissinger uses the loo, and his thick glasses fall into the loo. And Homer puts them on, and he's endowed with this perception.","Well, the thing about that is that it sounds like Pythagoras' theorem. So he gets it all wrong. It sounds right, but it's wrong. And he's actually quoting the scarecrow from \"The Wizard of Oz\" - because when the scarecrow gets his diploma, he reels off exactly the same equation. It sounds impressive, but it's actually all wrong.","And you say in the book that your judgment is, it was calculatedly wrong because of the way Ray Bolger must have had to rehearse to be able to make that recitation."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A says that Homer's use of Pythagoras' theorem in the episode \"Springfield or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling\" sounds impressive but is actually all wrong, and that he is actually quoting the scarecrow from \"The Wizard of Oz\". The actual meaning here is that Homer's use of Pythagoras' theorem is a parody of pseudo-intellectualism and academic jargon, and is not meant to be taken seriously.","questions":"What is the actual meaning behind Homer's use of Pythagoras' theorem in the episode \"Springfield or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling\"?","answer":"Pseudo-intellectualism"}
{"text":["I fear there could still be a lot of fighting with many, many thousands of men armed to the teeth with no option but to fight or die. It will also threaten the lifeline that 12,000 humanitarian colleagues - our collective lifeline is very fragile to 2 million people in non-government-controlled areas in the north.","Is the deal in effect now?Is there a deadline?","Well, these are decisive days because between now and mid-October, the buffer zone is supposed to be established. That, in a way, will hold back any ground offensive by the Syrian army and allied forces. Presumably, there will be fighting - these groups. Al-Nusra have said that they will not leave their positions. So there will be fighting now first in the buffer zone, possibly, and then later on in other parts of Idlib.","Jan Egeland is secretary-general of the Norwegian Refugee Council and a special adviser to the U. N. Thanks so much for being with us, sir."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is concerned about the possibility of violent conflict with no other options.","questions":"Which option does PersonA think will threaten the lifeline of millions of people?","answer":"Ground-offensive"}
{"text":["I wouldn't say a list of specific charges but some general charges. So the one that is the most specific is the claim that in 1996 she went on a spy mission to China to Guangxi province and, you know, spied for the FBI. And, I mean, there's a number of issues with that. I mean, one of them is that I have all kinds of evidence that Sandy did not go to China in 1996. I have the evidence of her passport. I have the evidence of her paystubs.","I mean, she was a full-time employee of the Houston Police Department as a secretary, a clerk typist, when she allegedly was doing the spy work. The paystubs show that she'd taken 11 hours off during the time in question. I've also got a newspaper article that she appeared in. So, I mean, we have a fair amount of evidence that shows that she was not in China in 1996.","Why would the Chinese government be interested in putting your wife in prison if there wasn't something that made them suspicious?","So this is not the police that investigate regular crimes. This is the, you know, China Ministry of State Security. This is a bunch of spies. They don't trust anybody. And in point of fact, I mean, they look at people involved in nonprofit work like my wife with a great deal of suspicion. And the fact of the matter is the state security has sent a number of people to the U. S.  to spy, and the FBI has been catching these people. And I am sure that the Ministry of State Security is just not very happy about that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the implied meaning is that the Chinese government has some reasons to suspect Sandy and may be looking for some evidence that would justify putting her in prison. ","questions":"What is the reason behind the Chinese government's interest in putting Sandy in prison?","answer":"Revenge"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, there are definitely multiple factors. You know, about a decade ago, China passed their renewable energy law. They started to really grow wind and solar as the future strategic industries. And now they're the largest in the world. They install by far the most wind turbines and solar panels in the world. So they really can see that this is a future growth area, that this is something that they can export to other countries. And it has all of these environmental benefits. So of course, to them, it just makes sense to do it.","So they see jobs in green energy.","That's right. You know, there's 3 million renewable energy jobs in China. That's the most in the world. Renewable energy jobs around the world, including in the U. S. , are growing much faster than the overall job market. So there are definitely areas for growth.","At the same time, China is the world's largest coal user and producer, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of the speaker's turn is that China is taking advantage of its renewable energy resources, not just for environmental benefits, but also for economic growth and job creation.","questions":"How is China benefiting from its renewable energy resources?","answer":"Growth"}
{"text":["Again, going back to the example of Dayton, you said getting people together in one room did not work so well there.","Oh. You know, we had an opening banquet, which we had in this museum. I mean, it was an air museum, so, ironically, above the head of one the Serbs, we had a cruise missile, which had recently. . .","That was quite a coincidence. We didn't mean to do that. It had to do with the seating chart. But anyway, it all went very well and we saw that President Izetbegovic, the president of Bosnia, was talking to President Milosevic. So we thought, wow. This is going to be easier that we think, you know?Hold the food order. We think we can get out of here pretty quickly.","So the next day, we brought them all together, and they all screamed at each other so much so that I said to Holbrooke, we better not try this again. He said, you're not kidding. This could be the end of the whole conference. So we never did it again, until the very last day when we asked - when we had an agreement, and the three leaders of the three, what we called, warring factions, which a term they never liked, got together and actually initialed the Dayton Peace Accods."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite the seriousness of the situation, the placement of a cruise missile in the air museum at the opening banquet was an amusing coincidence.","questions":"What was displayed above the head of one of the Serbs during the opening banquet?","answer":"cruise"}
{"text":["The tragedy in Burma is it's just hard for us to comprehend. It is true that the current projections are that the numbers will rise significantly. I've heard numbers as high as 50,000 people being killed. So it's something that just automatically pulls at the heartstrings.","And you know, Farai, scientists have discovered that human beings are actually wired to be altruistic, so it's a part of our DNA. It's natural for us to want to give. We see a crisis, we want to give. And so I think it's really important to acknowledge that, and to really encourage people to give. It can. The giving, overwhelming giving for a major public emergency like this can have a negative impact on other parts of the world. We've seen it in the past.","For example, when the tsunami hit Asia, several years ago, where a quarter of a million people lost their lives, you saw relief and development organizations flooded with donations. OxFam UK, at a certain point, actually had to refuse donations because they no longer had the capacity to actually program funds. So what I would actually advocate for those that are really interested in making contributions, is to give responsibly. To really look at those organizations that you are interested in making a contribution to, and making your donation in flexible kinds of ways. . .","So, for general support as opposed to necessarily for one thing."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : When making a donation, it's important to do research and give to organizations in a flexible way.","questions":"What does PersonA advocate for those who are interested in making contributions?","answer":"Responsibly"}
{"text":["Something happened that I am deeply superstitious about, which is that I was editing the sort of final, final draft of the novel to send out before publishers, and it was night time. And suddenly my vision went white, and I had this incredible pain in my face. And it turned out what had happened was that lightning had hit the barn we were staying in, and it had gone through all of the electrical boxes. And it went up through my computer and through my headphones that were plugged in, into the side of my face. And that was not great, but it did save the document 'cause I think I grounded the electricity. Anyway. . .","(Laughter).","Well, all of this to say that I'm very, very superstitious about this, and I believe that the lightning gave me good luck with the book.","Yeah (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turns (2) and (4) are both expressions of laughter, which implies that the speaker is amused by the story being told, rather than the literal meaning of making a noise.","questions":"Which turns are expressions of laughter?","answer":"2,4"}
{"text":["Well, and how does Barack Obama come out of all this?","If you read the charges, he comes out shining. He and his aides would not play at all with the governor. In fact, it drove the governor to distraction, and he created these fountains of profanity when he thought about what President-elect Obama was willing to give him for the Senate seat, which is to say nothing. And so he was quite angry that he wasn't getting anything out of the Obama camp.","When President-elect Obama was asked about this, though, his answer was not that nourishing. He said that he didn't know anything that was going on. That's excessively vague. His good friend, Valerie Jarrett, was up for the post. He appeared to be pushing her. So it's hard to believe that he would know nothing about that.","There was a little confusion also about whether he had talked to Blagojevich about his successor. David Axelrod, a top strategist for Obama, had at one point said that the two had talked. It then came out that Axelrod said he was mistaken. They had not talked. So we know the two never talked about it, but still open is the question of what exactly Obama knew about this pay-for-play scheme that Blagojevich was running."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implication is that Barack Obama may have been involved in the Blagojevich scandal.","questions":"What implication is made about Barack Obama in the Blagojevich scandal?","answer":"implication"}
{"text":["So, over a matter of time you're looking for larger trends. How has the average of all the polls moved over time. And say, Alex.","Yeah?","Did you hear the one about the three pollsters who went duck hunting?","No, I didn't.","So, the three pollsters go duck hunting, and the first one fires and misses the flock of ducks high. And the next one fires and misses the flock of ducks low. And the third pollster shouts, We got them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is telling a joke instead of discussing the topic","questions":"Which turn shows PersonA's tendency towards humor?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["Why they're talking about it is because they feel they have to talk about it. The government of Bangladesh wants the bulk of these people to return. They also would be feeling some domestic pressures in this area, as well. And the government of Burma, I think, is feeling some of the pressure from the international community and feels some need to be responsive. But the real story here is this is horrifying, this discussion, to be taking place right now, given the complete absence of measures in place to ensure safety and security upon return.","As I understand it, the Rohingya, according to this agreement, will be moved from the camps in Bangladesh to a camp in Myanmar where there could be security concerns.","Oh yeah, there are no safeguards in place. There - been no serious discussion of safeguards for return. You have to realize that we're talking about one of the greatest crimes in recent memory - massive abuses, forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of people in a matter of weeks.","There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N.  official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The government of Myanmar is not allowing international monitors to oversee the situation.","questions":"Which country is preventing international monitors from overseeing the situation?","answer":"Myanmar"}
{"text":["Hello!And that's when my cousin goes. She goes, why did you keep having that head rag on. 'I was like because my hair was sweated and it was either a head rag or Afro. . .","With a head rag. I've already cried on television with no eyebrows. What more can - what more - what could I do now to embarrass myself?Nothing.","All right, last thing. When you reach the age of many of your neighbors. . .","Mm-hm."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A head rag is a practical solution to messy hair, but her cousin sees it as a source of embarrassment.","questions":"What did PersonA's cousin see the head rag as?","answer":"Embarrassment"}
{"text":["He was not playing with you, huh?","He was not playing with me. I wasn't playing with him either. I love him so much. He is such a beautiful spirit. He actually - he's writing what I've been saying in all my life. But he has - all songwriters have a different twist, and I like Ben's. I tell you, I like it a lot.","Let me play one, the first track on the album. It's called \"Change. \"","(Singing) Finger's on the trigger around here. Finger's on the trigger around here. Bullets flying, mothers crying. We've got to change around here. Get it straight. Be sure that you hear. Thing's going to change around here.","It seems like you had a good time with this song."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The lyrics of the song call for change in the society","questions":"What do the lyrics in the first track on the album call for?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Yup. And then, suddenly, it came back, and then it went back down. And they scratched their heads for quite a while. And finally, what they realized is that there was so much radiation there that it was doing what's called saturating the detector. So it just couldn't count anymore. It was just overwhelmed. And then when they would go out of the radiation belts, it would come back down to a reasonable level that it was designed for, and it would start counting again. And so it took them a little while to figure that out. But once they did, that was the discovery of the radiation belts.","And now we have the probes to follow up. Thanks, Craig Kletzing, for joining us today.","You're very welcome. Thanks for having me.","Craig Kletzing is a professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Iowa."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is thanking Craig Kletzing for joining them and giving them insight on the radiation belts.","questions":"What is the topic of Craig Kletzing's discussion?","answer":"Radiation"}
{"text":["What we've looked at in Britain is the idea of looking at the model we have for regulating broadcasting where broadcasters hold licenses. There's an independent regulatory body that oversees those licenses. And they get to judge in the round, do they have effective policies in place to make sure that they are producing good quality content?They respond to complaints properly. And if they're found not to be upholding the terms of their license, then the regulator can take action against them.","Mr.  Collins, we need to ask you this week - you are a member of the Conservative Party - how will you vote on Prime Minister May's proposal to leave the EU?","I won't be supporting the prime minister's proposal when we vote on it on Tuesday. In leaving the European Union, the idea's that we would take more control of the direction of the country. And there are some technical aspects of the deal which potentially lock us into a trading (ph) relationship with the rest of Europe that we'd have no right to break and that I think suits the rest of the EU. And so I won't be supporting the deal on Tuesday, and I'd like the prime minister to go back to Europe.","Damian Collins, chairman of the Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee of the British House of Commons, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Broadcasters need to produce good quality content or face action","questions":"How does the regulatory body oversee broadcasters in Britain?","answer":"Licenses"}
{"text":["You know, in the post-Katrina era, Scott, the assumption has been that when a hurricane comes, you focus on that and set other things aside. So it was jarring when the president went ahead with his summit with Kanye West. And as you say, it was a major full-media presence in the Oval Office.","But the president's theme all week has been to keep the focus on the president. He's had a flurry of news availabilities - way more than usual. In fact, in the last month, he's had more than in all the time previously in his presidency - very flashy events, campaign rallies around the country, night after night.","And that happens just as the cable operations - television, news - has - well, they've begun to lose interest in some of those rallies. They're not covering them from beginning to end anymore, sometimes not covering them all - at all, perhaps because they do seem to be news-free campaign events, and maybe because they've become so frequent.","Does this week's sudden stock sell-off raise questions about what had seemed to be so much good news about the economy, including that historically low unemployment rate?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president is trying to divert attention away from negative news about him and his administration","questions":"How is the president attempting to distract from negative news?","answer":"Distract"}
{"text":["Well, I have. You know, I was born and raised here in San Diego, and we just love it. But yeah, if - regardless of where the location would be, I would be willing to go anywhere - anywhere in the world for that matter, Afghanistan, Pakistan, anywhere that somebody may be able to offer me a job.","I saw some photographs of you in your condo. You've been packing up there, and I noticed behind the moving boxes, hanging in the window were some Christmas lights and some red ribbons. Are you still going to find some ways to celebrate the holidays despite everything that's going on?","Oh, sure. You know, I mean, the last couple of Christmases haven't been all the greatest, you know, because of the situation as well. And so, we're almost kind of getting used to it, but this one just hurts especially bad. But my wife and I are members of the Salvation Army church in Alcahone. You know, so, you know, we haven't forgotten really what Christmas is all about.","It's not about us and each other and the gifts, and at least that's what we want to think right now. But we're really just remembering the birth of our savior."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They are focusing on the true meaning of Christmas rather than gifts and themselves","questions":"What are they remembering during Christmas?","answer":"Saviour."}
{"text":["And it's interesting. As you talk about this, the catcher today has regained some of that reputation from those days.","I think so. I think the catcher's toughness is really recognized. And also, the catcher's unique position, as somebody who's part of the offense and part of the defense, plays a key role in what the pitcher throws and the pitcher's ability to throw, you know, particularly balls in the dirt, which are very hard.","You know, if you don't have a good catcher back there, then the whole team is lost. And so I think the catcher has really started to regain the reputation of being a key contributor to both, and I think that's why so many great managers are former catchers.","We've been talking about Deacon White, the newest member of baseball's Hall of Fame. Baseball historian Peter Morris, thanks very much for your time today."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Having a good catcher is crucial for the team's success and many great managers are former catchers.","questions":"How does the catcher's position affect the pitcher's throw?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":[". . . A different kind of catch and kill.",". . . Another chapter of the story, yeah. NPR's David Folkenflik.","Thanks, David.","You bet."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The phrase \"You bet\" in (4) is a colloquial phrase which means \"You're welcome\" or \"No problem\".","questions":"Which colloquial phrase did PersonA use in response to PersonB's thanks?","answer":"Youbet"}
{"text":["Yes, it is very hard to imagine how it could've been better this past week for Hillary Clinton. She won four of the last five primary states. Then you had the double embrace by President Obama and Elizabeth Warren, which goes a long way toward healing the party after a long nomination fight. And yeah, these had to be the best moments for Hillary Clinton since that first debate last fall and her all-day performance before the House committee investigating Benghazi.","And how much value is the president's endorsement, which did come pretty quickly?","It's absolutely essential as a starting point if you're in the president's party. But as such, it's pretty much a given. So the real question is the degree of enthusiasm and effort that the president's going to put in and how popular the president himself might be. Those kinds of things are often missing or just negative for a nominee. There's a strange relationship, as there was with George W.  Bush and John McCain, or just a tepid one - say, like Bill Clinton and Al Gore. Obama, by contrast, shows every sign of being a dynamo for Hillary Clinton, and that's actually highly unusual. In fact, it's hard to think of a president who's been both popular enough and willing and also able to campaign aggressively for his successor in the last century or so.","Any doubt that when the dust clears Bernie Sanders is supporting Hillary Clinton?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : election is over. The implied meaning, however, is that Bernie Sanders should support Hillary Clinton and there should be no doubt about it.The literal meaning of this statement is asking if there is any doubt that Bernie Sanders will support Hillary Clinton when the","questions":"How should Bernie Sanders act after the election?","answer":"Enthusiasm"}
{"text":["Well, I think one of my roles - at least the way I pretty much defined my life and work for 35 years in the academy and was quite lucky in serendipitous ways began teaching at Yale at the time of the moment that's now considered, I guess, the revolutionary moment at Yale with the Black Panthers and Bobby Seale and Erica Huggins and others.","So, I always saw a kind of resistive undercurrent in the university even at its Ivy League level. And I've tried to identify myself in the academy with that resistive undercurrent. And I've tried to maintain an integrity of my public appearances and what I write that never refuses to look at the fact that racism, in my estimation, is more rampant in the United States and globally than ever before.","One can say is the glass half-full or half-empty. I think that's mere casuistry. It seems to me that the glass is empty for the majority of Americans now, not just black Americans, and it's not near any liquid refreshments source that I know of, the foreclosures, the economics of the present time, the war.","It seems to me that Henry Louis Gates Jr.  and Cornel West made a deliberate turn at a certain point in their career and decided, in the case of Mr.  Gates for example, that he was not going to do another profoundly brilliant book in his\u2026","Well, professor, I'm sorry, we have to wrap this up. There's a lot there, but thank you so much, Professor Baker."],"speaker":["A","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker believes that Gates and West intentionally shifted their focus away from producing groundbreaking works in their field.","questions":"How does the speaker view the professional shift of Gates and West?","answer":"Shifted"}
{"text":["Well, we knew something was going to happen. We were preparing for it, but you didn't know where. And we were all set to jump on the - would be the take-off on the flight - night of the 4th, so D-Day would have been the 5th. But it was pouring rain, so it was held off for 24 hours. But we all were laying on these cots. And the cots were right next to each other. You're talking about 500 cots in this big hangar, so it was a pretty rank place after a while.","Smelled pretty bad?","It smelled mannish, yeah.","Mannish. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Preparing for something anticipated, but uncertain of where and when it would happen.","questions":"How did the speaker feel about the smell in the hangar?","answer":"Mannish"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And that's something that my father always stressed upon my sisters and me and that we've all thought it's very important that you should be engaged in the process. In this case it is a political process, because the process of electing our government leaders is one that will have a direct impact on whether we're here and what we do here. So it's fine to criticize, but at the same time if you're not engaged in the process I feel that's a real discredit to everything you try to protest against.","Do you sense a great excitement among the men and women there about the election?","Well, there's certainly a lot of open questions, a lot of us are wondering if Barack Obama's elected versus John McCain and vice versa, whether that will have an effect not just on this tour, but on future military careers because we have a lot of soldiers and a lot of officers who are planning to make a military career and I'm not one of them. I'm going to be leaving active duty when we return from this tour.","But for those soldiers especially, the big question now is, when and how soon they'll have to deploy to Afghanistan. Because many of these soldiers are on their third, some even on their fourth tour here to Iraq. And so now they're looking at another open ended involvement in Afghanistan. And so they've got a lot of questions about that and so we're really just curious right now what both candidates - what decisions they'll make."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"open-ended involvement\" - this means a long-term and uncertain commitment to the mission, not literally an involvement that has no end or closure.","questions":"How would you describe the involvement in Afghanistan?","answer":"LongTerm"}
{"text":["And I can tell you though when people of color hear white people say, I was taught to treat everyone the same when racism comes up, they're usually rolling their eyes. And they're definitely not thinking, oh, right, I'm talking to a woke white person right now. They're usually thinking this is a dangerous white person. This is a white person who has no self-awareness and is not going to be able to hold and affirm my reality, which is fundamentally different than theirs in a society which is deeply separate and unequal by race.","And you actually, in this book, very specifically target white progressives. You say that white progressives cause the most daily damage to people of color. What do you mean?","Yeah. First, let's define a white progressive. In my mind, it's any white person who thinks they're not racist - thinks they get it, thinks they are less racist, who's listening to the show right now thinking of all the other white people that really should be listening to this show right now.","Right. It's never us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : White progressives cause harm to people of color despite their belief that they are not racist.","questions":"Which group is targeted by the author for causing harm to people of color?","answer":"White"}
{"text":["I think there's also a message to be had in the region. Mr.  Trump in Tokyo, with all the pomp and circumstance, with even the irritations on trade and that mixed signal in North Korea - it was clear that this is an alliance that was vibrant, that was coherent and that was still being deeply supported by both countries. That's the message Mr.  Abe wants to send to Pyongyang and certainly the message he wants to send to Beijing.","That pomp and circumstance extended to the appearance of Trump 2020 campaign banners. They were visible as the president was making his way through Japan's streets. Another of the events that he attended was this sumo tournament. Why is Prime Minister Abe so intent on courting President Trump?","Well, you know, you - the backdrop here, too, is the Japanese people are not as critical of President Trump as many of the citizens of our other allies in Europe, for example. The president and the prime minister do have a reasonably strong working relationship. The Japanese diplomats pointed out before the visit that they've spoken or met 42 times since the president came into office.","Forty-two times, wow.","An unprecedented amount of contact. So I think there's still this sense that this is a good partnership and that Mr.  Abe can make it work."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mr. Abe is trying to please President Trump by showing him a good time in Japan","questions":"How is Mr. Abe attempting to impress President Trump during his visit to Japan?","answer":"Pleasure"}
{"text":["Then later on, I ended up having to deal with, really, racism from both sides, from white people, as well as from black people who claimed that I was not really black because of the music I listened to or the way that I speak or some intangible delineation that people make in terms of how you're supposed to behave based upon the color of your skin.","Well, Brian, you know, you went on to basically go about your life and kind of sublimate this incredible pressure. But at some point, it all broke for you. What happened then?","Well, what happened was - I should back up and say that at the time that I wrote \"Not a Genuine Black Man,\" the book and the play, I decided that in order for it to be real and to be true and to be what I wanted it to be, I'd have to be completely naked. And that being the case, I knew that I would have to talk about the darkest moment in my life, which was a very severe period of depression I went through in 1999.","I had - I didn't realize it at the time, but apparently I had suffered depression since childhood, from all of the, you know, strangers driving down the street yelling the N-word, not being included because I was the only black kid and being different. And I'd spent a lot of time isolating and by myself."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A faced racism from both white and black people due to his behavior and interests not aligning with stereotypes of his skin color.","questions":"Which people showed racism towards A?","answer":"Both"}
{"text":["What sorts of things have you been doing?What has Save The Children been doing?","Well, obviously, we focus on children, but we're looking at livelihoods. You know, I was saying that fishing boats have been destroyed and people are now really struggling. So we'll be working with fishermen to try to support them to repair their boats. We're repairing schools that children can go - try and go back to school. Over 3,000 schools were damaged, meaning that over a million children are now not being able to go back to school.","So we are really still working around the clock to do what we can to make sure that families can get back on their feet.","Now, this is a holiday week and the Philippines is a predominantly Christian country. Has there been any Christmas celebrating going on?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - The actual meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking whether the people in the Philippines have been able to find any joy amidst the disaster, not just asking if they have been celebrating Christmas.","questions":"Which holiday is PersonB referring to in turn 3?","answer":"Christmas"}
{"text":["All right, Mario. We have to jump in. RushmoreDrive. Give me the skinny.","OK, RushmoreDrive. The skinny is this is a black search engine. And I think it's time for a black search engine. The answer is going - the question is going to be whether or not this will be successful due to advertising. The Pew Internet says that 56 percent of African-Americans now use the Internet, so is there really a need for a black search engine?I put in \"Farai Chideya. \"I was able to see news about you, videos, your blog posts, images. . .","Scary!","It's comprehensive. It's clean. Hey, you're all over the place, what can I say?I think there's a real need for this. The issue is going to be whether or not they can market it right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies that the speaker is proposing the need for a black search engine, even though there are other search engines available, and believes that it could be successful with proper marketing.","questions":"What is the PersonA's proposed solution to the challenge facing the success of the black search engine?","answer":"Effective"}
{"text":["So, for instance, in our culture, there's really this idea right now that parenting is stressful, and we're all stressed out. Turns out not all mothers in every culture feel this way.","All right. Convince me.","OK. So a group of researchers have been studying Mayan families for decades because they've been really intrigued by this idea that the kids are so helpful around the house. And they wanted to figure out what the parents were doing to get the kids to be so helpful.","So for one of the stories in this series, I went down to the Yucatan and spent some time with some Mayan families. And right away, I was amazed by these moms. So a lot of them are raising four or five children. They're doing all the housework. They help out with the business, so they're doing work, too. And they totally didn't seem stressed. And I actually asked them, do you think being a mother is stressful?And the first woman, like, looked at me like I was an alien. She was like, what?Why would mothering be stressful?And I was like, oh, my gosh. Tell me your secrets (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : She looked at him like he was very strange and unknown to her.","questions":"How did the Mayan mother react to the question about mothering?","answer":"Amazed"}
{"text":["Well, it's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you.","Can you recreate for us in a sense, like our town does, a summer day at that house you loved?","Basically, people woke up as early as they could, as close to dawn. Everyone was kind of on their own once the kids got older and could take care of themselves to fix something for breakfast and start the day however they wanted as long as they were busy.","There was no television, barely a radio. And it would be tuned into very infrequently, generally when the Red Sox were playing. And all you got were scratchy sounds anyway. People were left to just, I guess, invite the outdoors into their hearts and their souls."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Literal meaning: B is asking A to describe a summer day at the house A loved. Actual meaning: The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning.","questions":"What did people do once the kids got older and could take care of themselves in the summer day at the house PersonA loved?","answer":"Busy"}
{"text":["Five hundred pages, yeah.","Yeah, it doesn't seem so simple. Republicans seem pretty certain that the tax bill is going to pass. How big a victory would it be?","You know, it's a pretty big deal. All year, Republicans struggled to get anything done, even though they had full control of the federal government. Now they have this big accomplishment they can point to. And I think that was part of the reason here. You saw a lot of Republicans like Bob Corker of Tennessee saying, I have big concerns, but I'm going to vote yes. A lot of people in Congress just wanted to get a victory. But look at the polling. It's not a popular bill.","It's not.","And you can already hear the Democrats putting together their campaign message against this. I mean, they were going to argue Republicans haven't done anything in Congress. Now they can argue the only thing Republicans have done so far is big tax cuts for the wealthy. So you can hear the messages already.","Indeed, you can. Big deal for the Republicans, but it's not the only issue to come up this week. There's a government funding fight that we're looking at on the horizon and the ongoing Russia probe. And this weekend, we're seeing more pushback against the Mueller investigation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Both A and B agree that the tax bill is not popular","questions":"How did PersonA describe the popularity of the tax bill?","answer":"Perception"}
{"text":["So this will help the basketball players and then also the track events. But the good thing is obviously with these developments - the wheelchairs (unintelligible) through the people, you know, everyday people that use wheelchairs, and it will mean it's more lightweight for them to lift, say, in and out of vehicles.","And some of this stuff then filters in back to the general public.","Yeah, I mean, and that's a great thing, you know, the flow sort of from elite to high street, as we refer to it, is great. So you start seeing that, for example, with push bikes. We see a lot of that now available, helmet design from bikes, you say that. Swimwear is another thing that we see a lot of technology flowing into the high street.","Let's talk about swimwear because there was a kind of swimwear that was used and is now banned, and something new is taking its place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"something new is taking its place\" - The literal meaning of this statement is that something is being replaced by something else. The intended meaning is that a new type of swimwear is being introduced to replace a previously banned type.","questions":"Which type of swimwear is being replaced?","answer":"Banned"}
{"text":["He was an amazingly debonair guy. He was a man of society, as I came to figure out. He was a guy who attended functions at The Plaza for the Soldiers, Sailors, Marine Corps and Airmen's Association, the Petroushka Ball at the Waldorf, the Russian Nobility Ball, the Viennese Waltz Ball - all of these crazy events that, frankly, I had never heard of, but he was - had long-standing involvement with.","And he - this was his life.","This was his life. He was the organizer of these things. He would orchestrate table settings. He was the man at the door who would greet everybody. You know, he actually invited my wife and I to one of these events one time. It was one at The Plaza. And there stood Alan, right behind the reception table as you walked in: tuxedo, tails, you know, medals on his chest. He had served in the Air Force. And he - you know, he was the host of this whole universe, really. I mean, he was involved in numerous events like this.","And among those phone messages, you used to get messages from women named Muffy explaining what a grand, smashing time they'd had."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The man was highly involved in social events and had long-standing involvement with various organizations.","questions":"What kind of events was the man involved in?","answer":"Social"}
{"text":["Oh, thanks. We're professional seguers here at NPR.","You took my breath away there.","Well, speaking of age, though, you're - you play a geezer in this picture.","Yeah, but I'm the youngest in the cast.","Really, I'm the baby."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A statement implies that they were caught off guard or surprised by the previous speaker's comment.","questions":"How did PersonA react to PersonB's comment?","answer":"Surprised"}
{"text":["Claire Messud's \"The Burning Girl\" is a novel about two girls, Cassie and Julia, who make each other who they are. Cassie's the bold one who looks for rules to break. Julia is the voice of caution and conscience who'd like a little of Cassie's daring. We had one mind, as Julia recall, and could roam its limits together. They grow apart in middle school. Cassie hangs out with the more conspicuously popular crowd. Julia's hurt but becomes aware that Cassie is on the verge of disaster. Julia may be the one person to help pull her back.","\"The Burning Girl\" is the latest novel from Claire Messud, author of \"The Emperor's Children\" and other acclaimed novels. She's also taught creative writing and special programs at many colleges and joins us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks, Scott, for having me.","What's the special intensity of being BFFs as youngsters?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The strong bond between Cassie and Julia is both powerful and fragile.","questions":"Which is both powerful and fragile?","answer":"powerful"}
{"text":["It's necessary because of the drop in consumption.","When the government is spending over $150 billion on a stimulus bill like this, will that have a long run effect on how every person gets a check has to pay out their taxes in the future, has to deal with the realities of how much service the federal government can give in the future?I mean, will there be a sort of back-end re-tax for people who might get a cut in the short run?","I wouldn't put it that way. The problem is in the short run will people be much worse off and will they be able to recover from that?Because during a recession it's not unusual for families to lose two or three percent of their income. So the issue is do you want to lose that two or three percent because in the future you don't want to get a tiny tax increase to balance the budget.","So I think you have to think about what's the potential loss in income, which can be huge if we have a severe recession, or even a mild recession like the one we had in 2001."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The long-term effects of the government's stimulus bill on taxes and services are a concern.","questions":"Which bill is PersonB concerned about in the dialogue?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["It's permissible. It's common. Popular culture has normalized cremation in a way 'cause - not only with the \"Fockers\" movies. There's also \"The Big Lebowski. \"That's famous with the cremated remains in the coffee can. And he goes to scatter them. And they come back in his face. That's based on reality. That happens. And now you can buy urns that are in the shape and with the same pattern as that coffee can if you're a \"Big Lebowski\" fan.","Oh. (Laughter) I'm not that big a fan. But I. . .","(Laughter).","Are there any states or cities where people are getting cremated more than others?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) implies that the speaker is not enthusiastic about the topic","questions":"How did the speaker react to the topic?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["No, I didn't, actually. You know, I thought - you know, it was a possibility. We were kind of going into it blind, hoping we could - you know, my family and I, when I say we - we could get some money.","You know, a lot of people would look at you and say, you had such a promising future in football, possibly. You had a free ride to college and, you know, you gave that all up. Do you really feel like, you know, it was the right thing?","Yeah. You know, I think I would rather be - not to say that I couldn't get injured with anything else in life, because I can. I think living a life injury free is much better than not having to pay off student loans. But at the same time, being in pain and having trouble walking and maybe possibly knee and hip surgeries and things like that - and, you know, head injuries of course, with the memory - so I think I'd rather, you know, I'd rather be paying off student loans than having trouble getting down the stairs or something in the morning or, like, something like that.","And now you have equal offers for basketball or. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The family was taking a chance by investing in a potential financial opportunity without having any guarantee of success.","questions":"How was the family approaching the financial opportunity?","answer":"Blind"}
{"text":["Greetings.","The WHO says the crisis is worse than they'd estimated. What are you hearing?","Indeed. And Keiji Fukuda of the WHO is warning that the speed and the spread of the Ebola epidemic in West Africa is unprecedented. And he says it has never spread as fast and over such a large area. We're talking about four countries. It started in Guinea and then crossed the border into Sierra Leone and then Liberia with a few cases in Nigeria, Africa's most populous nation. And he cites factors such as families hiding sick relative, as you said, Scott, instead of taking them early to Ebola health centers, which, of course, gives them the best chance of survival. And the WHO describes what it calls shadow zones. That medical workers cannot enter because of resistance from communities. And we've seen problems like that in Liberia - the hardest hit of the countries.","And what countries are blocking entry to travelers and how is that likely to affect them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Literally, turn (4) is asking for information about which countries are blocking entry to travelers and how that will affect them. However, the implied meaning is that B is concerned about the impact of travel restrictions on those countries and possibly on the global effort to contain the Ebola epidemic.","questions":"What is the implied concern of PersonB regarding travel restrictions and the Ebola epidemic?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["No, because the guys used to sit on the porch and play their guitars and (unintelligible). And then would beat to the tap of their foot. So I kind of adapted that tanta-ta-tan-tum, tanta-ta-tan-tum(ph). I mean, because - I mean, my people - my relatives, most of them were from Jackson, Mississippi. So when they migrated to Indianapolis, they kind of brought a lot of that feeling.","When he said write a hit, that one song people know me all over the world, in Russia, Africa, Japan, all over the world, people, the first thing they say when they see me, \"Red Clay. \"","In the course of your career, you had, obviously, highs and you had some lows, and they've been described as personal problems. Without going into detail, are we to assume that those problems were substance abuse related?","Well, substance abuse, I wouldn't really say I had a problem with that. I mean, I would say that at one period in the '70s, I started partying, I was in Hollywood A-list(ph). And everybody would come up there, I mean, all kind of movie stars, all kind of football stars, basketball stars, actors. And I had a spot right there in (unintelligible) overlooking the (unintelligible). And the people that I had coming up there - now, the substance abuse, it was around because a lot of people who would come to see me would bring it. But I would never really say I had a habit or anything like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People brought substance abuse to my parties, but I never had a habit.","questions":"What did people bring to the parties?","answer":"Substance"}
{"text":["What happened with Dr.  Strauss was upsetting. It was one night in your life. How has it stayed with you over the years?What's it done to your life since then?","So that building was fairly close to campus. And so for the next probably three, four or five years, you know, I went by that building a lot. It was hard to relive what's going in there. Again, you just kind of bottle it up and put it away. I'm, you know, upset with Ohio State. But I'm upset with Strauss, but he's dead. So I'm even more upset that Ohio State, a large institution that I have significant ties to and that I - you know, I met my wife there, asked her to marry me, have lots of friends from there. I've donated my time, donated money. And now I'm finding out that they failed me.","When the box opened back up on Memorial Day, I've had trouble sleeping at night. I sometimes wake up the middle of the night and see him standing over me doing what he's doing. And I still - there's one picture of him on the - a local TV station and Columbus' website - a color picture that I can't look at. If I see it, I just get sick to my stomach. So the box has been opened back up now, and it's been a struggle.","What would you like the university to do at this point in your life?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Experiencing trauma and distress due to memories of the abuse","questions":"What specifically causes PersonA distress and trouble sleeping at night?","answer":"seeing"}
{"text":["I want to kind of mention quickly the things that are floating out there as rumors and are not confirmed. Again, these are things that people are talking about and are not confirmed. There are many people who immediately assumed this is a terror attack. Tovia, this is not confirmed.","Not confirmed. Nothing about the cause of this, whether it was some kind of unintentional explosion from down in a manhole or something or whether it was a bomb. The police do tell me that the bomb squad is on the scene, as you would expect, along with police and fire and rescue, but they are not talking about the cause. They - a briefing is coming soon but it's taking some time to maneuver down there and also to collect some good information, some hard data about what's going on and numbers of injured and the rest.","What agency are you speaking with to confirm what's going on?Is it the Boston Police Department?","Boston police is who I have been talking to. The hospitals are confirming that people are on their way as well.","This is TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The authorities are not revealing the actual cause of the explosion.","questions":"What are the authorities hiding about the explosion?","answer":"Cause"}
{"text":["If you're a minority professional and you grow up understanding that there will be expectations placed upon you that you have to overcome, the reality of it is, if you go into this thinking you can just be good you'll end up with a mediocre career. And so \"Good is Not Enough\" is really just a sounding call to minority professionals saying, hey, you know, we can be players at this level but we can't just play good, we have to excel.","Let's break down a few of the things you say matter. One is networking. Why so important?","Networking is so important because in this day and age a lot of the jobs, a lot of the opportunities that will come your way will not be through Monster, will not be through the want ads, it will be through networking. And so from a career perspective the opportunities will come your way from networking, but more importantly networking is a great opportunity to learn from others who have been down the road that you're trying to go. For example, if, I met a company right now - I'm at Pitney Bowes, and I love being there - but if I were to look at an opportunity at IBM, if I had a network that includes someone at IBM, I could actually call and get a better idea of what it is I'm stepping into, because corporate culture is just critical.","But how do you find someone who is a peer or a mentor at another company?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Networking is crucial for career opportunities and learning from others' experiences","questions":"How can networking benefit one's career?","answer":"Learning."}
{"text":["Well, responses have ranged from one person who said Biden was a great pick to another who said Obama made a terrible decision. But it's interesting, Joe Biden was the top choice of our unscientific online poll. We asked who Obama should pick as his VP, and 40 percent of all respondents chose him. So despite how people feel about Biden, I think a lot of people assumed that Obama would pick him. And Hillary Clinton interestingly was the second choice.","Really?As we get close - well, not closer to the convention, we are at the convention now - have you noticed an increase in the online traffic?Because I know people have really been paying attention. But now that we're here, are they really into it?","They are really into it. And everyone has an opinion. And everyone wants to make their opinion known. And that's just what they're doing.","Now, what are some of the things that we're going to be looking forward to, that our bloggers can look forward to on our website this week as part of our convention coverage?","Well, through npr. org, we have complete convention schedule so people know when to set their TiVos. We also have profiles of all the key Democratic players and we're also going to pose photo feeds from the convention floor. This morning, Michelle Obama was getting ready to make her speech and she was testing out the mics. And so we have some photos of that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Online traffic and opinions are high during the convention.","questions":"What is high during the convention?","answer":"Online"}
{"text":["The size of the painting certainly is a huge challenge. And because we're capturing so much data with a variety of imaging techniques, we're generating terabytes of data that, down the line, we'll be using computer analysis and artificial intelligence to actually interpret some of the data. So that is a sort of a goal down the line to actually figure out the best way to look at this kind of information.","So shoring up IT.","That is certainly one of the goals. That doesn't mean to say that you still don't need the experts. In our Night Watch research team, we have experts of all different kinds - curators, art historians, conservators, scientists. You still need those experts, you know, for interpretation of the data. But I mean, you want to take away a lot of the manual work, a lot of the looking. And that's where artificial intelligence and computers will be very helpful.","Well, I'm sure Rembrandt couldn't imagine that. Right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The auto industry is experiencing trouble and unemployment is rising. The Dow Jones Index's drop below 8,000 has Wall Street concerned","questions":"How is Wall Street reacting to the Dow Jones Index's drop below 8,000?","answer":"concerned"}
{"text":["Hi Farai. Great to be with you.","Always. So we've been following this situation in Zimbabwe and the situation includes a tainted election and economic collapse. Now the U. S.  has imposed new sanctions, accusing President Robert Mugabe of heading an illegitimate government that sponsors violence. Last week, the president - President Bush - signed an executive order that adds new financial restrictions against individuals and organizations linked to Mugabe's government. So South Africa criticized those new sanctions, saying they could actually obstruct these power sharing talks. What do you think?","Well I think the international community has to use everything in its tool kit to kind of acknowledge what has happened in Zimbabwe and to put pressure for change. I mean, what has happened is just unacceptable. You have had not only the flawed elections of March 29th, but again failed electoral process in June and you know, right now there is this critical period of negotiations, political negotiations that need real pressure and real support. So I think it is important that the international community does everything that it can to say that it is time for a change in Zimbabwe.","Clearly South Africa has had a lot at stake. The quiet diplomacy that we talk about with Mbeki. The quiet diplomacy has, well, brought some results, but not the results needed. And I think the African Union, the Southern African Development Community all have said that more is needed to bring really a chance for peace and also for justice in Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : following refer to or implies being interested in a situation or information ","questions":"What is the situation that PersonA and PersonB have been following?","answer":"situation"}
{"text":["What are you going to do when your internet connection goes down?","We have actually, so far, been able - we have reporters who are also out of town that we're in touch with. We're determined that we're going to keep reports on this storm on the internet, no matter how we do it. We've got a lot of backup for that at www. dailycomet. com and at Houmatoday. com.","We're determined that we're going to keep reports on this storm on the internet, no matter how we do it. We've got a lot of backup for that at www. dailycomet. com and at Houmatoday. com. We didn't stop yet and we don't plan to stop.","You have reporters out trying to cover this story all over where this hurricane is going. There must be some point where you say and where the reporters say to you \"Hey, I got to stop for a while because there's a hurricane coming. \""],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They will continue reporting on the storm via the internet no matter what.","questions":"How do they plan to report on the storm?","answer":"Internet"}
{"text":["Well, for me it's almost anything that I'm sent and asked to click on in which somebody else is supposedly really embarrassing themselves. And I'm supposed to find this funny. I'm supposed to enjoy the spectacle. But it's just a physical response that I can't, you know. I clench sort of every muscle in my body and I can barely bring myself to watch it and then end up pressing stop. So, you know, examples would be the recording that was around this week of an employee of a cable company attempting to make a departing customer stay using all sorts of extraordinary arguments, I'm told. I'm told it was very embarrassing for the cable company employee. But I don't know because I can't bring myself to listen to it.","The guy who proposed marriage to a woman at the ballpark - you know about this one?","Oh, this is going to be a wedding proposal that is rejected in public, I think?","Yeah, that's it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn (2): The speaker is implying that the person proposing marriage to a woman at the ballpark is likely to be rejected in public. ","questions":"Which proposal is being discussed?","answer":"Ballpark"}
{"text":[". . . Strong title. What do you mean by that?","I think it was meant as sort of a nonpartisan way of talking about what's gone on in the confirmation process on Capitol Hill and how both sides have tried to put their thumbs on the scale and try and steer these judicial nominations in the direction they wanted. And so there is bias on it, and it's been bias on both sides, honestly. I know people don't like to talk about both sider-ism these days, but, you know, both parties have had a lot to do with how mucked up the process has gotten.","All right. Well, we'll get to that. But let's start with where you start in the book, where you talk about the importance of a decision that the majority leader Mitch McConnell made - Republican leader - made in February of 2016. What was the decision?","I think this was one of the most consequential decisions in American history, really, as it turned out. We didn't know it that night. But Mitch McConnell is on a - the Senate majority leader is on a vacation in the Caribbean. The news comes out that Justice Antonin Scalia had died. And Mr.  McConnell that evening decided that President Obama, with 11 months left in his term, would not get an appointment to the Supreme Court."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Both political parties have biased the judicial nomination process.","questions":"What is the reason for the bias on both sides in the judicial nomination process?","answer":"Steer"}
{"text":["You don't see anything problematic with the underlying facts - the fact that, according to the unclassified transcript released by the White House, immediately after the Ukrainian president talks about buying more Javelin missiles, the president is asking Zelenskiy to do him a favor, though - his words - and then he turns the conversation to investigating former Vice President Joe Biden and his son. You have no problem with that.","Yeah, that is not an accurate description of the transcript. I've read the transcript. I've read the whistleblower account. And in neither one of those documents is there something that appears to be high crimes and misdemeanors, which is what the Founding Fathers created the impeachment process to account for to begin with. It should only be used in extraordinary circumstances to impeach a president for high crimes and misdemeanors. I have yet to hear an account by any Democrat on Capitol Hill of where the high crimes and misdemeanors are found in the whistleblower account or the transcript.","OK.  That would be an interpretation of those facts, though. Just let me be very clear. I'm just reading from the transcript. I have it in front of me, and my rendering of it is entirely accurate. What we're talking about here is what the interpretation should be of that and isn't that what the inquiry is for?","Well, I would love to hear you read the part of the transcript that would indict the president of high crimes and misdemeanors. I mean, it's not there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They read the account from the person that made public the illegal deads of the government.","questions":"What did the person that \"A\" and \"B\" were discussing reveal to the public?","answer":"transcript"}
{"text":["And so these two ally's ships were absolutely overmatched. Rooks did not try to avoid the battle; he offered himself to it. And in the end these two allied ships were absolutely overwhelmed by the power that fell upon them - Japanese torpedoes and shells, hitting them left and right. The Houston was finally hit by four torpedoes, which opened up her hull to the sea and the ship slowly began to settle in about 140 feet of water to the site of the wreck that the Navy's exploring today.","And could you tell us, please, about the ship's chaplain because he won the Navy Cross.","He did. Commander George Rentz was the oldest man on the ship. He was 59 years old on the night the Houston was sunk. He was clinging to a pontoon that belonged to one of the Houston's floatplanes. This pontoon was riddled by shrapnel, was taken on water, but it was literally a life raft for about a dozen or more Houston sailors.","He said to the sailors who were with him, he said, you men are young. I've lived the major part of my life; I'm willing to go."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: please tell us about the significance of the ship's chaplain and the award he won","questions":"Which award did the ship's chaplain win?","answer":"Navy-Cross"}
{"text":["Correct. It was one of the first ones to come out like that, and so I had no idea it was different from any other game. I just thought it was another game. And he, within three months of playing it, he started - it started affecting his real life negatively. He lost his job. He got evicted from his apartment. By the way, he was 20 years old when he started playing this, so he was an adult. But very quickly it showed negative effects. His personality changed. He started becoming a different person. He became withdrawn, antisocial, depressed. His focus became gaming, and he no longer was concerned about his real life or his future.","When you think about your son, do you think that there were other underlying issues, whether it was depression or some other condition, that caused him to be susceptible to this?I mean, how do you balance that thought out?","I agree with that 100 percent. He had ADD, and from my experience, since 2002, probably 99 percent of the gamers that we've talked to who have problems with gaming have ADD. It seems to make them more susceptible.","Attention deficit."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The video game had a negative impact on the son's life.","questions":"What was the son's focus after he started playing the game?","answer":"gaming"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Good morning.","What does Oklahoma want?","Well, I mean, really, they're looking for funding. They're looking for as much money as possible, as quickly as possible. I talked with Oklahoma Attorney General Mike Hunter, and he's the one who brought the lawsuit. And he told me that taking these companies to court is really the only way the state can fund opioid treatment. I mean, you've got to keep in mind that Oklahoma has the second-highest uninsured rate in the nation. The state hasn't expanded Medicaid. State legislators have really slashed public health funding in recent years. So add on top of that the huge opioid addiction crisis, and you've got very few facilities, and they're almost always full.","So I'm thinking this through from Johnson & Johnson's perspective. I guess if you're a business, you want to kind of get your liabilities, you know, in a predictable - into a predictable place, which might help explain why a couple of other big companies, pharmaceutical companies, settled their lawsuits with the state of Oklahoma. But Johnson & Johnson is going ahead. Why did they not settle the way that other companies have?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Oklahoma wants funding to help opioid treatment due to lack of support and high addiction crisis","questions":"What is Oklahoma's main concern in regards to the opioid crisis?","answer":"support"}
{"text":["Now, the netting, as I understand it, is not expensive - I mean, a scintilla of what a relief pitcher earns annually.","I think that's right, yeah.","But on the other hand, I mean, these modern stadiums that are being built want to get the fans close to the action.","Oh, absolutely. I mean, you've been very lucky as a Cubs fan. You've always had Wrigley Field, which is an intimate stadium. And that's what these new stadiums are trying to recreate. Even Yankee Stadium, if you go on their website today, Scott, they actually tout the fact that home plate is 27 feet closer than in the old Yankee Stadium."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: The new stadiums are trying to recreate a similar atmosphere as the old Wrigley Field which was an intimate stadium.","questions":"How do modern stadiums aim to replicate the atmosphere of old Wrigley Field?","answer":"Intimate"}
{"text":["Well, Manafort has a second case. That case is here in Washington, D. C. He pleaded guilty to two conspiracy charges. This is a case that was also brought by special counsel Robert Mueller. Manafort, in D. C, agreed to cooperate with the government. That cooperation deal collapsed after the special counsel's team essentially said that he lied to investigators about a number of things.","The presiding judge in D. C. , Judge Amy Berman Jackson, agreed with the government. The maximum sentence that Manafort faces here in D. C.  is 10 years. Now, the question that hangs over all of this is whether Judge Jackson here in D. C.  is going to make him serve, whatever sentence she gives him, simultaneously or stagger it. So is he going to get another 10 years in addition to what he got in Virginia?","Any chance of a presidential pardon?","The president has not taken that entirely off the table, but his lawyers say it's not under discussion."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Any chance of a presidential pardon?\" - The actual meaning here is whether there is a possibility that President Trump will pardon Manafort, which would mean he would not have to serve his sentence.","questions":"What is the question that PersonB asks regarding Manafort's sentencing?","answer":"Pardon"}
{"text":["Exactly.","At the same time, she's this very sassy character. And, you know, so many of the characters here are very, you know, just sexy, kind of contemporary figures. And there's a joie-de-vivre about this, and even though she touches on a lot of heavy themes, including race and patriotism, there's a certain sass to this. Is that what attracted you to her work?","Well, I was astounded at her work. I was actually looking for something else in her cartoon that is in the late '40s. Most of her cartooning was done in the late '40s and early '50s. This one year of '37 was kind of a little different thing.","I was looking for evidence of a doll. I knew that she created a doll, and I thought I could find some evidence of that in her cartoons. And then yeah, I found the doll, but then I went on to see all of the different topics that she took on, and that got fascinating."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  A's turn does not contain any figurative language. The speaker is expressing their genuine reaction to the artist's work.","questions":"Which turn expresses the reason for the PersonA's interest in the artist's work?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["These are, you know, small things, but - you know, you said before somebody who is about to make a radical change. And I would advise them not to make too radical a change, because all forms of abstinence - you know, dieting radically or maybe even sexual abstinence - often, you find yourself longing so much for the thing you're missing that you will really go overboard once you get off the wagon.","Where do you see America a year from now, in terms of how people change their consumption and maybe their long-term attitudes?","You know, I'm not sure that we're going to have a great big attitude change. It's really too early to tell. Surely, when people can get less credit and if they have less jobs, they will be spending less. But you know, it's not going to be like the last Great Depression, because the last Great Depression was not preceded by a half a century of consumer culture, in which they really have brainwashed as to want to buy more and more and more things and throw them out and get the next new thing.","But already, people are changing their habits. And so I do think we may buy less, and we may start to think about buying things that are more durable, that can be fixed, that don't obsolesce so quickly. And we may begin to find, as my partner and I began to find, that you're really just as happy without it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : going overboard means you overreact to something bad or good.","questions":"Which word describes the possible consequence of abstaining too much?","answer":"Consequence"}
{"text":["Well, the Chinese leadership has continued to see dialogue first with Kim Jong Un. They've had two publicly announced meetings with him. One of them came right in advance of North Korea's announcement that it was going to pursue a satellite launch. We don't know whether that subject was discussed in China. But, you know, the indicator suggests that China is still trying to figure out if there is a way that it can influence the situation in North Korea without taking measures that would enhance instability. The Chinese priority is basically to maintain stability in North Korea.","And so it was - it's willing to prop up that terrible regime if it will prevent that regime's collapse and the horrible situation that might ensue.","I think it's certainly the case that if you're, you know, looking at why North Korea still is there in the middle of this otherwise prosperous region, the hand of China is the critical explainer for why North Korea is still able to survive.","Xi Jinping has been in power just a brief time in Beijing, but in that time, we have seen increased pressure on the Senkaku Islands. These are the disputed islands unoccupied, uninhabited islands in the East China Sea. Japan has controlled them for, what, 100 years. China claims them as well. There had been confrontations in the past where patrol boats and fishing boats had exchanged even water canon spray. But this time, a Chinese patrol craft flew over the islands, and that's a different situation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The hand of China is the critical explainer for why North Korea is still able to survive in the middle of a prosperous region","questions":"What is the critical explainer for North Korea's survival?","answer":"China"}
{"text":["Yeah. They considered all kinds of things. And - but they were stuck on coming up with a design that was really a wow design. So John Graham hired as a consultant a professor from the University of Washington named Victor Steinbrueck. He's known locally in Seattle as architect-activist who saved the Pike Place Market. But he was a designer, and he worked on the Space Needle design.","He got stuck. And one day, he was sitting in his home office and he saw - he had a beautiful abstract sculpture by a California artist named David Lemon, and it was feminine figure in complete abstract, reaching up to the sky with this narrow waist and then this tripod legs. And it was called \"The Feminine One. \"And he went, aha, OK, there is a unique shape for a tower.","Wow. If you have a question you want to ask Knute, get up there on our microphones and you can ask it. Where there any engineering innovations that were required to get this to be built?Anything about the revolving restaurant, anything like that?","Well, it was interesting because at that time, there were no revolving restaurants."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He was having a hard time thinking of an idea and then saw something.","questions":"Which artist's sculpture inspired the unique shape of the tower?","answer":"DavidLemon"}
{"text":["What happens if you and all of your neighbors don't get your corn into the field?Like I say, as you've told me now, you've got like only about a fraction in the ground if what you normally would have at this time of year. Are we going to - forgive me for being selfish about it - are we not going to have corn this summer to go with our barbecues and everything else or what?What's going to happen?","The corn the majority of the Midwest grows goes toward feeding pigs, feeding cows, feeding a lot of different livestock, also goes toward corn oil and ethanol and various products that are on our store shelves. Long story short, we're looking at lower supply, which should increase the price if the demand stays the same.","But before we let you go, I mentioned that you're a fourth-generation farmer. And I presume that you've talked to your parents about the rain situation, the heavy rains. Have they ever seen anything like this before?","No. This is relatively unprecedented. I was talking to a neighbor here the other day about the drought in 2012. And, you know, we had a really short crop in 2012 because it got so hot and so dry. The corn crop didn't amount to anything, but at least we were able to get it in the ground. When you go out into a situation like this where we can't get the seed into the ground, it's worse than a drought for the fact that, you know, you don't even have a chance."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The shortage of corn may lead to a price increase in the market.","questions":"Which product may see an increase in price due to the lower corn supply mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Corn-oil"}
{"text":["Oh, you're welcome. Thanks for having me.","And we should explain your district is one of the ones affected by the flooding.","It absolutely is. We know it's not good but the city rallies around itself and does what it needs to do.","Let me ask you about the recall, senator. What do you think happened?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4), when B says \"Let me ask you about the recall, senator. What do you think happened?\" the actual meaning is not just a request for information, but also an implication that the senator may have some responsibility or involvement in the recall.","questions":"How did PersonB's question imply the senator's involvement in the recall?","answer":"Implication"}
{"text":[". . . can I get you to share the English translation of the poem in hieroglyphics that you wrote?","Absolutely. (Reading) There was a laugh of the Egyptian past that I will be the last to know. I asked my mom, but she didn't know. I asked my mask, but I forgot he wasn't alive.","The thing of it is, Olivier Blanchard, you put those hieroglyphics in that poem in the front of an economics textbook. And, in fact, every line seems to indicate something about economic thought. Or am I just projecting?","I think you're just projecting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) is a straightforward denial of B's implied meaning, and does not carry any additional implied meanings beyond that.","questions":"Which turn is a straightforward denial?","answer":"4"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah. Hopefully, you know?So whereas in America, you know, you sort of smoothed the edges and you've just put, you know, you've put makeup on. That's what you've done. We're still in the very, you know, you still see all of our imperfections. Whereas in America you try to put a lot of makeup, but the imperfections are still there. And I find that that's the most interesting thing for me.","The changes that we've seen in South Africa over those 17 years are little short of phenomenal.","Yes. It's been amazing. It was a bloodless revolution, you know, because the difference has been - in America, black people have been fighting for their freedom and for their identity and so on, but as a minority. In South Africa, you had a white majority rule, ruling over \u2014 I mean, this is Africa. This is the home of black. It was the black factory. So I mean this is, you know, it was a very different story and never before has there been a bloodless revolution in Africa.","Is there much of a tradition of comedy in South Africa, particularly tweaking the powers that be?You don't think of John Vorster. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is pointing out the cultural differences between America and their country, where America tends to cover up imperfections while their country embraces them. Implicated meaning: The speaker values authenticity and honesty over superficial appearances.","questions":"How does the speaker view imperfections?","answer":"Embraces"}
{"text":["Growing up in this community since I was a baby, this is my home. It's where I learned to live out on the land. It's where I harvest my food. It's where I live. I love this country. And at times like when you go to high school and you got to go to school, you leave the community. And when you're young, you like to experience and travel new things, but you always have that sense of home that you want to be back to. You want to be back. You want to be on the river. You want to be out on the land. I don't see myself wanting to move. This is my community, and I'm going to raise my family here.","You have a young daughter, I am told.","Yeah, her name is Tl'yah Tr'an Elizabeth Edith Josie (ph). She is 18 months.","You going to change what you tell her - is that going to be different from what your parents and grandparents told you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : You learn how to get your food from plants and animals instead of a store. When you travel you begin to feel a sadness that you are not at home. You want to be outdoors experiencing nature.","questions":"What do you learn to do in the community where the speaker grew up?","answer":"Harvest"}
{"text":["The American Medical Association has largely stayed on the sidelines of political fights over the past 30 years or so. But a North Dakota law set to go into effect next month is spurring the doctor's group to get involved now. The law will require doctors in North Dakota to tell patients that medically induced abortions can be reversed. Now, there's no scientific evidence to support that claim, and the AMA is taking the state to court over it and another existing abortion law. Julie Rovner covers health policy at Kaiser Health News. She joins us now.","Welcome back to the program, Julie.","Thanks for having me.","We just described one of these laws. What's the other one, and why is the AMA concerned about it?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The AMA is concerned about another abortion law.","questions":"Which law is the AMPersonA concerned about, besides the North Dakota abortion law?","answer":"Another"}
{"text":["So for a couple years now, Topps has had an app - say it ain't so - for baseball card-collecting and trading cards. These are virtual cards, not the cardboard ones that come with a stick of gum. I mean, it's called a Bunt, and you've tried it out. Tell us what you think.","Oh, it does - I should point out the packs do come with a stick of gum. It's just a virtual stick of gum.","Don't try to chew that gum.","No, that's what I was (laughter) - the whole thing is basically just an exercise in using your imagination, if you're old enough that you need to imagine for this stuff. If you're 13 to 25, which is, like - 80 percent of the Bunt users are - then I don't imagine there's anything weird about a piece of virtual gum showing up on your phone, exploding and then turning into baseball cards.","Well, it's been around for a while. I mean, can Topps call Bunt a success?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"an exercise in using your imagination\" has a figurative meaning. It means that the app requires the user to use their imagination to enjoy the experience, rather than relying solely on the physical aspects of collecting and trading baseball cards.","questions":"What does the phrase \"an exercise in using your imagination\" mean?","answer":"Imagination"}
{"text":["Yeah.","I love salt.","You didn't see that coming. (Laughter) You love salt.","I totally didn't.","That's an essential mineral."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Implicated meaning: A is sarcastically downplaying the significance of B's love for salt. While the literal meaning suggests a factual statement about salt being an essential mineral, the tone and context imply that A is being dismissive or making light of B's statement about loving salt.","questions":"How did PersonA react to PersonB's statement about loving salt?","answer":"Dismissive"}
{"text":["How quickly would we see a border closing impact the U. S.  auto industry?","Well, really, we would start to see manufacturing facilities impacted almost immediately. Most of the industry follows a just-in-time inventory strategy, which means that the parts that are needed for the vehicle are shipped to the plant as they are needed and on a continual basis. They don't maintain inventory levels at the assembly plant. So we would see a number of factories start to shut down almost immediately because they wouldn't have inventory available to keep going.","Is it possible for you to paint a picture of this for us using a specific car part, for example?","You know, there's a couple interesting ones. One, wire harnesses - these are the wires that are - that go into a vehicle. There's probably miles of these copper wires in a vehicle, very labor-intensive to put these wire harnesses together. The vast majority are made in Mexico that are used in U. S.  manufacturing. And so that's something that would be very important for a vehicle because it goes on early in the process."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A's response has an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning. While A's response appears to answer B's question about the impact of a border closing on the U.S. auto industry, it also suggests that the industry's reliance on just-in-time inventory strategy makes it vulnerable to supply chain disruptions. This implies that the auto industry needs to have a continuous flow of parts to maintain production, and any disruption to this flow could lead to plant shutdowns.","questions":"How does the U.S. auto industry maintain inventory levels at the assembly plant?","answer":"Just-in-time"}
{"text":["Yeah, it looks absolutely beautiful.","'Cause I've seen this painting - it's enormous. (Laughter) And I'm trying to picture, A, what that's like for people and, B, why you thought it was important for the public to see it as it was happening.","Well, I think there's two factors. And one is that the painting is - it's very large. So you know, removing it from the galleries would also present a certain amount of risk. And the other thing is that it's not really possible at this time to say how long the research or the treatment will actually take. All in all, this is really the best possible scenario to actually treat it in the galleries, where it can be followed by the public. I think the public actually find it fascinating to look behind the scenes.","I'm sure you couldn't have imagined that the painting would have been attacked with a bread knife, and you're doing quite the operation here. So what are some of the challenges and obstacles that, you know, are making you guys nervous?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is implying that the painting is so large that it's difficult to picture how it looks, not that it's physically impossible for A to imagine it. B is also implying that A may have thought it was important for the public to see the painting because of its size, not necessarily because of its significance.","questions":"How is PersonB implying the reason why PersonA thought it was important for the public to see the painting?","answer":"size"}
{"text":["Not solely, no. And this is something that is commonly, I think, misunderstood. The cornerstone of the healing profession and the physician is the patient relationship. But psychiatry more than any other really has an imperative to maintain the primacy of the patient relationship, so medications were extraordinarily important; they were miraculous developments, but medications alone can't do it.","Yeah. Between fever cures and induced comas and drilling holes in the skull and lobotomies, psychiatry has done some painful things to people in the name of science over the years, hasn't it?","Well, that's the point. That's why it's the untold story. In order for us to genuinely make a case for why psychiatry is a medical discipline that deserves sort of equal footing and respect as other medical specialties, we needed to fess up in terms of what the past was. And so in order to do so, we needed to tell the unvarnished history of the field and then describe why things may not have been helpful and in some cases harmful then, but why that's different now. And nobody should avoid seeking treatment if they think they need it because of uncertainty or fear.","Dr.  Jeffrey Lieberman has written, with Ogi Ogas, a new book \"Shrinks: The Untold Story Of Psychiatry. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is to thank the guest for joining the show and being available. The implied meaning is to thank the guest for their contribution to the show and for providing useful information.","questions":"Which book did Dr. Jeffrey Lieberman write with Ogi Ogas?","answer":"Shrinks"}
{"text":["That \"Breakfast Machine\" video has been viewed over a million times since she posted it four months ago. Simone Giertz says she doesn't have an engineering background. She just has a lot of ideas for funny machines, so she taught herself how to build them.","So I get a lot of questions, if I build the projects that I do and I actually intend them to do a good job or if I intentionally make them bad. And I must admit that they are somewhat intentionally bad. I mean, I - but they're really good at being bad, I would say. So, I mean, that's some sort of success maybe.","Success is right. Another video posted at the same time as \"The Breakfast Machine\" has also racked up over a million views. It's of a robot she calls tThe Wake-Up Machine.","It's an alarm clock with a rubber arm attached to it. So whenever the alarm goes off. . .",". . . The rubber arm starts slapping the person sleeping in the face. To me, the goal of building useless and ridiculous robots is more - I mean, in some way it's, like, a personal goal because I think it's really fun. And I think, like, having fun is super important to create things. But I think overall, like, I think it's a really good way of inspiring people to learn about hardware and about electronics because it can kind of reach people who wouldn't normally be interested in a robotics project."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The implied meaning is that Simone Giertz uses her robots to inspire people to learn about hardware and electronics, even if they wouldn't normally be interested in robotics projects.","questions":"How does Simone Giertz inspire people?","answer":"Learn"}
{"text":["Excellent. How did all of this get started, this particular legend?","Well, it started with a legend in Mexico where two little children were working in their family garden. They were wishing for nice gifts from their parents, but they could not make up their mind what they really wanted, so all of a sudden, a fairy godmother appeared, and she granted them one wish and one wish only. So the kids thought and thought what they really, really wanted for Christmas. So, they finally decided and told their fairy godmother that their only wish for Christmas was that every child in Mexico and in the entire world would have a very merry Christmas.","So the fairy godmother was really, really surprised at this. These two little poor kids had said that is all that they would wish for. So the fairy godmother was really lost at what, you know, what she could really provide for them. She thought and thought, and finally she thought of Pancho Clause. Pancho Clause would bring joy and happiness to all the kids in Mexico and in the entire world, and this is how Pancho Clause was born.","So you dress up as Pancho Clause each year, what do you wear?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Pancho Clause was not literally born - it is just the origin of the legend. ","questions":"How was Pancho Clause born?","answer":"Legend"}
{"text":["Exactly. And they're all seeing poll numbers where the president's numbers nationally have slipped into the 30s. But when it comes to Republican voters, the president remains strong.","Now, your newspaper, The Washington Post, is reporting this morning that President Trump tried to get Jeff Sessions to drop the charges against Sheriff Arpaio. But he was advised that this would be inappropriate. Is this just another instance of the president being a newbie politician, someone that's kind of just new to the job here?","It's also an example of how the president's not only an outsider trying to intervene in these kinds of legal affairs. But he's been working on this Arpaio pardon for months, going as far as to ask the attorney general, one of his top allies, at least early in the administration to stop the prosecution from moving forward to help Arpaio get off. And this is raising concerns in both parties about the kind of behavior the president has when it comes to criminal justice. Is he doing too much to intervene?That's the question on Capitol Hill.","So not a snap decision. You say he's been working on it for a while."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Is he doing too much to intervene? That's the question on Capitol Hill.\" - The actual meaning implied here is that there are concerns in both parties about the president's behavior when it comes to criminal justice, particularly his intervention in the Arpaio case.","questions":"Which behavior of the president is raising concerns on Capitol Hill?","answer":"Intervention"}
{"text":["So Flame has - so far they've found about 20 modules that can be swapped in and out, and they do everything from turning on the internal microphone and webcam on your computer, this way that they could record conversations that you have over Skype or conversations that you have in the room, in the vicinity of the computer.","It takes screenshots of your communications. They seem particularly interested in any email communications or instant messaging communication that you do. It also turns your computer into a Bluetooth beacon. So if you have Bluetooth enabled on your computer, they will turn that on and do a discovery for other Bluetooth-enabled devices in the vicinity, such as a phone, and they will use your computer to then siphon the contact information that is in any phone in the area.","Wow. Wow.","Why all those things?I mean, what's the reason for that?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"Bluetooth beacon\" is a figurative expression that means that the software makes the computer emit a signal that other Bluetooth-enabled devices can detect, just like a lighthouse beacon emits a signal that ships can detect.","questions":"How does the software turn your computer into a signal emitter for other Bluetooth-enabled devices?","answer":"Signal"}
{"text":["Wow.","On steroids, that's what Tops in Blue is. And it's serious stuff. It's a lot of fun. There's a little break dancing, a little pop locking. And once again, it's very interactive. It's very much a very different theater experience.","You know, we had on Brian Copeland, who has a very successful one-man show called \"Not a Genuine Black Man\" and also dealing with some really very harsh realities of his childhood. It strikes me that, you know, that's got to be part of what shaped you as a person who's able to do - what is it?How many characters do you have in the show?","Twenty-three characters."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Tops in Blue is not just a regular show, it's something exceptional and unique.","questions":"How would you describe Tops in Blue?","answer":"Exceptional"}
{"text":["What do we know about the synagogue and the surrounding community of Squirrel Hill?","Well, the Saturday service at this synagogue usually starts at about 9:45 a. m. It's a conservative congregation. According to the synagogue's website, Rabbi Jeffrey Myers leads at Saturday's service on most weekends. He's written about gun control before. In July, he posted an essay to the congregation's website, to the synagogue's website, where he said, despite continuous calls for sensible gun control, our elected leaders in Washington knew that it would fade away in time. He says that he was afraid that the status quo on gun control would remain unchanged and shootings would continue. He also lamented that he felt he had to include in his daily morning prayers that God should watch over his wife and daughter and teachers to keep them safe.","President Trump has weighed in on events, hasn't he?","He has. President Trump tweeted this morning that he is watching the events unfold in Pittsburgh, and he warned people to stay away from the area. And he said it looked like there would be multiple fatalities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Rabbi is afraid of gun violence and shootings.","questions":"What is one of Rabbi Myers' concerns?","answer":"Shootings"}
{"text":["Honestly, I think in most of these things, I think it's very hard to negotiate with Mr.  Trump because he doesn't stick to his word. And I think that my experience of negotiating over the last three or four decades is if there's someone like that, then you really just say, this is what I want. I'm not budging. I'm not talking. Give me a call when you're ready to deal.","Well, but does that just mean that nothing gets done for the DREAMers?","I don't think so. If you're the minority in the House and the minority in the Senate, and you don't control the White House, then you're going to - you have to ask yourself where are the points where we have a point of pressure?And then you have to decide what it is that you want to fight for. You have to say that clearly - not bluff at all - and we're not budging. And that's what you've got to do because the fact of the matter is every time that you negotiate you're going to come out with something that isn't great.","You note your business career. As you see it, Mr.  Steyer, has President Trump made the whole prospect of successful business figures in public office more or less enticing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Give me a call when you're ready to deal\" - This is a polite way of saying that negotiation is over and there is no point in continuing until the other party is ready to make a serious offer.","questions":"What is the polite way of ending a negotiation until the other party is ready to make a serious offer?","answer":"Give-me-a-call"}
{"text":["Has the storm reached full strength, or is there any possibility that it could intensify?","It likely has reached close to its full strength. It's approaching or moving over the islands now of the Northern Bahamas. And it's also showing signs of going through a eye wall replacement cycle. That will likely occur in the next 24 hours. So the strength is going to fluctuate.","That's another strong point I wanted to make. Just because it weakens a bit in the next 24 to 36 hours does not mean the overall effects or impacts to the state of Florida's coastline will change. You know, whether it's a 3, 4 or 5, it could produce significant damage along the coast. But it will likely fluctuate in intensity over the next 24 to 48 hours, and it probably has reached its peak in intensity at the time.","Could you talk a little bit more about the path that the storm is taking?You were talking about this earlier. It's expected - am I still right?- it's expected to move into the Florida Peninsula Monday morning."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : full strength in this context means whether or not something has reached its peak threshold of intensity","questions":"How does PersonA describe the storm's intensity?","answer":"Intense"}
{"text":["I never had an apartment before, so just finally having my own place. And it was magical. It was gorgeous - beautiful tub. I never could use the tub because I was afraid of the roaches.","So unfortunately there's always like pros and cons to that, but it was mine. And I loved it like it was my baby. And I still miss that apartment even though there is bug issues. I miss it.","Well, it made me wonder why there aren't more songs like that in R&B. I mean, R&B is very dominated by relationships - right?- sex, relationships songs. But it does - it did make me wonder, why aren't there more songs about other milestones in R&B?Like, why is that?","Well, first of all, I'm thankful that people love new apartments so much because I always feel like my comfort zone is writing about romance and sex. But I think there's this narrative that the world just wants to hear about simple things and - or just extreme, like, sadness. I've just been broken up with or something like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite the bug issues, A loved the apartment.","questions":"How did PersonA feel about the apartment despite the bug issues?","answer":"Loved."}
{"text":["These companies have existed before, but there's a lot more from these appraisal management companies. So the lender and mortgage broker has to send the order to them, this middleman, and then they go find an appraiser in your local area to go look at your house.","Now, there's a lot of concerns that these appraisal management companies are not the answer. They are not going to fix this problem. There's not a lot of regulation of these appraisal management companies, so some states are trying to fix that. We don't really know who's getting into this business. Are these the people to be entrusting this doing important job to?","So let's say you're a consumer. Let's say you're a person who's looking to buy a home, sell a home, or you want to refinance. What can you do to make sure you're not dealing with an appraiser who's got other motivations?","Well, first of all, you want to be very direct with your broker or lender and ask them, who is doing the appraisal on my house?You want to know the name of the company. Is it a company that they have a relationship with, a business relationship?Is it a company the lender partly owns?And certainly, you want to get a copy of that appraisal. And certainly, borrowers also have the ability - they can go seek out an independent appraisal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The appraisal management companies are not reliable and may have hidden motives.","questions":"What concerns are there about the reliability of appraisal management companies?","answer":"Hidden"}
{"text":["You can never protect someone by stripping them of their rights. The premise is that unless California lawmakers become complicit in denying California athletes equal rights, then somehow those players will be harmed. And that's just a false premise.","And before we let you go, do you feel like you're making headway?Like, you know, part of the reason you got started with this - you were a former UCLA football player yourself. You saw the NCAA suspend your teammate for accepting a bag of groceries when he had no food. You know, you've seen a lot over the course of time that you've been working on this. And I'm just wondering if you feel like your arguments are making headway. Are people starting to take the questions around how college athletes are treated more seriously?","I do think there's progress. Not as fast as I would like - you know, you look at the multi-year scholarships are now available, the name, image and likeness lawsuit from Ed O'Bannon that resulted in stipends. There's still a ways to go. Let's put it that way. But I do think there's reform. I think a lot of key people are listening, especially lawmakers.","That is Ramogi Huma. He is the founder and executive director of the National College Players Association, an organization founded to advocate for college athletes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : NATIONAL COLLEGE PLAYERS ASSOCIATION  FOUNDED TO ADVOCATE  COLLEGE ATHLETS","questions":"How is Ramogi Huma associated with advocating for college athletes?","answer":"founder"}
{"text":["We recommend - we have a lot of recommendations. We think they're very practical. It can be done. Some of them are internal in the government themselves. There are internal changes Congress needs to make so that it can be more effective in this, and other commissions have recommended them. Now, let's do it. Let's get it done.","We want the life science community to work with the government about how to self-regulate. In other words, what kind of protocols can we use so that we can keep track of high containment labs better. And then, we say we need to emphasize Pakistan. Now, it's funny that this report is coming out now because we saw in the course of this that Pakistan is an epicenter for all of these risks that we're talking about.","Jim Talent, former senator from Missouri, thank you.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Let's get the job done by implementing the internal changes recommended by Congress and other commissions. (Line 1)","questions":"Which report highlights Pakistan as an epicenter for risks in the life science community?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Well, I think it's complicated, to be honest with you. I think part of it is that I wanted to appear strong. I wanted to appear as if I could suck it up and take whatever came my way with a sense of humor. I wanted to be taken seriously and not, you know, is one of those women who somehow was overly emotional or naggy or, you know, to complain about, you know, the things that were often said to me or in my presence about other women. And so for me, that was constantly an inner conflict that I was trying to manage. And frankly, there was a lot of productivity probably that went into having to manage that kind of thing that really is real.","Do you think that culture drove out women from the national security environment?I mean, women working in that sect are vastly outnumbered by men?","There's no doubt. We all have our own red lines and our own saturation points that we get to with us. But there's absolutely no doubt. And I say that on the basis of - you know, of data because of women coming to me over time. And sometimes their reasons for leaving were cloaked in other things. But I think that very clearly for a lot of them who were willing to, you know, be a bit more forthright in why they were choosing to leave was the exhaustion.","What is the impact in your view when you don't have women in senior leadership positions?What do women bring to the table?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The lack of women in national security is due to cultural factors which prevents them.","questions":"How is the lack of women in national security attributed?","answer":"culture"}
{"text":["Part of that's partisanship, but part of it is that white privilege allows white folks - and I'm white, so I mean, I know a little bit about the way we as white folks are viewed in this country. White folks have the luxury and the privilege of being mediocre. We can be mediocre, it's the same thing I hear everywhere I go when I speak at colleges, and I'm constantly told that the departments who were hiring in a school always say, we're looking for a black person, but we want to get the best black person, and we want to get the best Latino.","I've never heard anyone say, now we want to make sure we get the best white applicant. It's as if they're saying, if it's a person of color, they've got to absolutely be the cream of the crop and even then, we may not view them as that good. If they're a white person, they can be pretty mediocre, like a C student, George W.  Bush, and that's OK.","But if you're, you know, the editor in the Harvard Law Review, and at the top of your class, oh, we don't know about you. You know, to me that's about white privilege.","Well - so, what's changed in how people perceive your message?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : White people are not held to the same standards as people of color when it comes to achieving success.","questions":"What is the main factor that allows white people to be mediocre and still achieve success?","answer":"privilege"}
{"text":["It is. There is an auction being held out of Boston that is auctioning off the first Hasselblad camera to fly in space. This was the first professional quality camera that astronauts used to photograph the Earth.","Now, since it went to space and since it was the first thing of its kind to go to space, what sort of price is that going to bring?","It's really hard to tell. This is a fascinating piece of history and just to put this into some perspective, another Hasselblad camera that's sort of the direct lineage of this camera - that was said to have flown to the moon - sold earlier this year for nearly a million dollars. And that camera had a lot of questions about its history. This one has a really solid history in terms of - we know what astronauts used it, we know how it was obtained. So there's a lot of excitement about the possibility of this camera setting a new record, maybe breaking the seven figure amount.","Robert Pearlman is the editor of an online magazine called collectSPACE. Mr.  Pearlman, thank you for talking to us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"This is a fascinating piece of history and just to put this into some perspective, another Hasselblad camera that's sort of the direct lineage of this camera - that was said to have flown to the moon - sold earlier this year for nearly a million dollars.\" - Actual meaning","questions":"How much did the other Hasselblad camera sell for earlier this year?","answer":"Nearly"}
{"text":["So Flame has - so far they've found about 20 modules that can be swapped in and out, and they do everything from turning on the internal microphone and webcam on your computer, this way that they could record conversations that you have over Skype or conversations that you have in the room, in the vicinity of the computer.","It takes screenshots of your communications. They seem particularly interested in any email communications or instant messaging communication that you do. It also turns your computer into a Bluetooth beacon. So if you have Bluetooth enabled on your computer, they will turn that on and do a discovery for other Bluetooth-enabled devices in the vicinity, such as a phone, and they will use your computer to then siphon the contact information that is in any phone in the area.","Wow. Wow.","Why all those things?I mean, what's the reason for that?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"Bluetooth beacon\" is a figurative expression that means that the software makes the computer emit a signal that other Bluetooth-enabled devices can detect, just like a lighthouse beacon emits a signal that ships can detect.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of \"Bluetooth beacon\"?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Yes, of course. Ja.","Does it work?Have you taken it for a spin?","We intentionally avoided to drive the car. But what is really interesting, after 162 years, we conducted this - we call it octagon engine because of the shape of the exterior of the engine. And we connected it to a battery supply and the engine is still working today.","So you've started it up."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implies that the speaker wants to know if the engine has been started and is running.","questions":"What did the speaker confirm in response to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Started"}
{"text":["You know, I thought at this point that nothing the president did could surprise me. He surprised me. To say the least, it is a stunning lack of understanding and judgment on his part, frankly.","Can you just walk me through that why?","Well, look at who we're talking to. This is the Taliban. It is not a sovereign government. To extend an invitation to Camp David for a meeting with the president when they have not accepted a ceasefire, a full ceasefire, when they are very much in the business of killing American troopers and Afghan civilians. This is not the first casualty that we've had out there since these talks began. But to invite people like that under these conditions to Camp David to be hosted by the president of the United States - that to me was something unthinkable until, obviously, he thought it.","Do you have any sense of what role this meeting would have played in the discussions that have taken place so far?I mean, a lot of people are focusing on today sort of the optics of it. A lot of the people in the president's own party are having trouble with that - I mean, bringing the Taliban to meet at Camp David with the president of the United States. But substantively, though, what role would a discussion like this have played in trying to finalize these negotiations?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : walk me through means to explain why to the person asking","questions":"What surprised PersonA about the president's actions regarding the Taliban?","answer":"Actions"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me with you.","So, let's start with what exactly they are.","Okay. Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors. They're growth of muscle within the uterine wall. And sometimes they can be the size of a dime, and because of their location, they give you severe symptoms. And rarely, they can get to be the size of a basketball before they're recognized.","That's sounds pretty horrific.","It can be. It's amazing how much difficulty they can give to women that, in general, women can have severe menstrual bleeding - the kind of bleeding that keeps you home from work or keeps you from being able to do your daily activities - or they can press on a lot body structures. And they are very common, and it's surprising that so few women know that they have fibroids and that their symptoms may be related to them.","Now, research shows that about 25 percent of women in America are going to show some symptoms of fibroids, but they occur a lot more often in black women than white women. How much more often and why do scientists think that is?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : It can be. It's amazing how much difficulty they can give to women that, in general, women can have severe menstrual bleeding - the kind of bleeding that keeps you home from work or keeps you from being able to do your daily activities - or they can press on a lot body structures. And they are very common, and it's surprising that so few women know that they have fibroids and that their symptoms may be related to them. Implicated meaning: Providing additional information about the severity of symptoms associated with fibroids and expressing surprise about the lack of awareness among women about their condition.","questions":"What is the kind of bleeding that women with severe menstrual bleeding experience?","answer":"Menstrual"}
{"text":["It'll rip the shirt right off of your back one day and the next day it's so beautiful you can hardly stand it.","Gary England, master meteorologist of Oklahoma City. Thanks so much for being with us.","It was my pleasure.","You're listening to WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : right off bck demage our shirt for beautiful at the same time is really implied meaning","questions":"What will rip your shirt?","answer":"Shirt"}
{"text":["That \"Breakfast Machine\" video has been viewed over a million times since she posted it four months ago. Simone Giertz says she doesn't have an engineering background. She just has a lot of ideas for funny machines, so she taught herself how to build them.","So I get a lot of questions, if I build the projects that I do and I actually intend them to do a good job or if I intentionally make them bad. And I must admit that they are somewhat intentionally bad. I mean, I - but they're really good at being bad, I would say. So, I mean, that's some sort of success maybe.","Success is right. Another video posted at the same time as \"The Breakfast Machine\" has also racked up over a million views. It's of a robot she calls tThe Wake-Up Machine.","It's an alarm clock with a rubber arm attached to it. So whenever the alarm goes off. . .",". . . The rubber arm starts slapping the person sleeping in the face. To me, the goal of building useless and ridiculous robots is more - I mean, in some way it's, like, a personal goal because I think it's really fun. And I think, like, having fun is super important to create things. But I think overall, like, I think it's a really good way of inspiring people to learn about hardware and about electronics because it can kind of reach people who wouldn't normally be interested in a robotics project."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The implied meaning is that Simone Giertz uses her robots to inspire people to learn about hardware and electronics, even if they wouldn't normally be interested in robotics projects.","questions":"Which aspect of building useless and ridiculous robots is a personal goal for Simone Giertz?","answer":"Hardware"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, I don't think they're damaging at all. I think Putin can be quite happy with these results. He had a real problem two years ago after the intervention in Ukraine. Western powers were ignoring and isolating Russia. Obama called the country a regional power. And today, Putin is deciding war and peace in Syria. And, you know, he's being attributed with powers of influencing a U. S.  election. So, in some ways, it makes Russia seem much bigger than it really is.","One thing to keep in mind is that Russians have been told, for some time, that they're at war with the West, not really a shooting war but an information war, sort of a struggle for influence. So there's a widespread perception here that Russia is, itself, the victim of a Western conspiracy. So I think you can say, from the Kremlin's perspective, Russia's just giving the West a taste of its own medicine. More broadly speaking, I think this report really doesn't matter very much here in Moscow. People here are waiting for the inauguration of Donald Trump and nothing else really matters.","NPR's Moscow correspondent Lucian Kim, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : that Russia views itself as a victim of a Western conspiracy and is retaliating with its own tactics.","questions":"Which country is seen as the victim of a Western conspiracy according to the dialogue?","answer":"Russia"}
{"text":["And this doesn't seem to fit the typical counterfeiter.","No, not at all. You know, most counterfeiters are either drug addicts who are eager to raise a quick buck and there. After a few nights without sleep, they get the bright idea to bleach some $5 bills and scan the image of a 20 and then print the artwork, the imagery of the 20 on that same $5 bank note paper. Then on the other end of the spectrum, you have sort of mobsters and thugs, people who are involved in the drug trade or human trafficking, and they are really keen on mass production and, again, a fairly poor quality counterfeit.","Then there is this small group of true craftspeople out there, and a lot of them are really poor when it comes to criminal capabilities, but they are true artists. And, in that sense, Kuhl is right near the top of the heap, as far as talented counterfeiters through history.","Your story details, in fact, two different efforts. The first - well, he found himself in some financial difficulties and spent six months adapting his silkscreen techniques to producing a $100 bill."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Then there is this small group of true craftspeople out there, and a lot of them are really poor when it comes to criminal capabilities, but they are true artists. And, in that sense, Kuhl is right near the top of the heap, as far as talented counterfeiters through history.","questions":"What is Kuhl's specialty?","answer":"Counterfeiting"}
{"text":["I'm not so sure that it was missed, per se. I think it's been there at the forefront of the news for a really long time. I just don't think that we saw the potential that it would impact the election in the way that it did, insofar as it's tied up in these other economic and social struggles that are occurring within the same communities.","And to be clear again, you're not saying that people that have a problem with opioids or drug or alcohol voted for Donald Trump so much as people who live in those communities that have been affected by it statistically in your study voted for Donald Trump.","Well, that's right. And I can't say necessarily who voted for Donald Trump, but we have to remember that addiction and depression and these diseases and deaths of despair go far beyond the individuals themselves who are affected by them. They affect friends and family members and coworkers and first responders and service providers and employers in communities who are dealing with the struggles of these and experience the same sort of frustration and anxiety that are associated or wrapped up within diseases and deaths of despair.","You conclude your study by - I believe the quote is community level well-being played an important role in this election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : asking for a quote which is not the same as the actual meaning of the statement which is that community-level well-being played an important role in this election.","questions":"What is the quote from the study that PersonA is being asked about in turn 3?","answer":"Community"}
{"text":["You have an exchange in this book that you quote with Ed Crane, who's head of the Cato Institute. And I want you to get to talk about the substance of that, but I also - I have to begin by saying there's a part of me that's thinking, I wouldn't imagine two people less likely to be in friendly communication than Ralph Nader and Ed Crane.","Well.","But I'd be wrong.","Look what he told me. He said, Ralph, I'm against all corporate subsidies. I'm against unconstitutional wars. I oppose the Patriot Act. And I think the Federal Reserve is running amok. I said, Ed, that's a pretty good start."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning of turn (3) is different from its literal meaning. The speaker, B, is expressing surprise at the idea of Ralph Nader and Ed Crane being in friendly communication, despite their ideological differences. ","questions":"What did Ed Crane oppose according to Ralph Nader in turn (3)?","answer":"Subsidies"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News and Notes. If a child commits a crime, even a serious one, should they go through the same justice system, and pay the same price as an adult?That's just one of a host of issues surrounding juvenile justice. Today is part of our ongoing series on criminal justice.","We look at how kids end up behind bars, and what other options judges have when faced with a young offender. For more, we have Carole Shauffer, executive director of the Youth Law Center. Welcome Carole.","Thank you. Welcome.","So, let's start with a little scenario. There is a 16 year old and his friend, who go into a convenient store. They ask for money. The clerk says no. The friend shoots the clerk. If the 16-year-old is arrested and charged, what are some of the possible paths that the justice system could take, with the person who was not the shooter, but who was part of this crime?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"possible paths\" - This is a literal expression referring to different options or courses of action that could be taken.","questions":"What is the term used to describe the different choices available in the justice system for a non-shooter involved in a crime?","answer":"Possible"}
{"text":["Was it an easy decision for you to make?What was going through your mind when you made that switch?","No, it was definitely - it was easy decision for me to make. You know, before this, I wasn't really a very political person. As far as the guns go, you know - I don't try to talk too much about because I know becomes too polarizing. We have, you know, people that go to the right, and people go to left, and they forget about making schools safe. Listen. I believe in the Second Amendment. I believe in the right for people to bear arms. But I think that we can come to common ground to make responsible laws and decisions in how we can make our society safer.","You have two sons who are also in the Broward County School System. What have you talked about with them as they've headed back to school this year?","Sure. So I've had some tough conversations with them. I bought them a ballistic-resistant backpack."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Common ground means a place in opinion where two different sides think alike.","questions":"What did the speaker suggest they can do to make society safer?","answer":"Responsible"}
{"text":["They are, yes, they're getting longer. Yeah, the Earth's spinning down. And this actually goes back to George Darwin's original idea that the Earth could have been spinning really fast because being the son of Charles Darwin, he was familiar with the fossil record, and there were these puzzles when you looked at certain fossils that should have little layers accreted on the - you know, I think it was corals every day.","You know, go deep back into the fossil record, and you start to see 400 layers accreted per year instead of 365. And so there was this evidence that there were more days per year, which indicates that the days were shorter. And so our days are lengthening, the months are lengthening. There's nothing you can do about it.","I think that's a great place to call it. Thank you, Dr.  Asphaug, for coming and joining us on the show.","Oh, you're most welcome, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Earth's days are getting longer due to the planet spinning slower and there were more days per year in the past based on fossil record evidence.","questions":"Which record indicates that there were more days per year in the past?","answer":"Fossil"}
{"text":["I watched the movie \"Concussion,\" and that kind of really gave me some insight onto what could happen if I kept on playing football and some of the injuries that could occur.","So nobody had ever spoken to you about this before - your coach, your family. It wasn't something that really was on your radar at all.","No, it really wasn't any of my concern. I wasn't really worried about it. You know, I had a head injury my junior year in football and then, you know, I kind of just shrugged it off, didn't think it was much of anything","So looking at the film with Will Smith, you thought, hey, I'm a football player. I'm, you know, in high school. And if I keep this up, something terrible could happen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker did not receive any prior warning or education about the risks of playing football, indicating a lack of adequate information and awareness among coaches, families, and society as a whole about the dangers of sports-related injuries.","questions":"How was the PersonA's awareness about the risks of playing football?","answer":"Lack"}
{"text":["I suspect that for many, many years, antibodies worked brilliantly. Infections have been really solved. And it didn't really matter very much how long you took your antibodies because they were - you got better, and it wasn't important. We are now worrying about resistance emerging. And so we now want to think much more carefully about how best to use the antibiotics we got so that they don't lose their activity.","I have a personal query about something else that we're always told - that we're not supposed to drink when we're taking antibiotics. Is that something that is also a folk wisdom or is there some scientific fact in that?","There are one or two antibiotics where they interact with alcohol. And they're not many of them. And by far, the majority of antibiotics that are prescribed have no interaction with alcohol. However, as a physician, I can never - you can never get me to say it's good to take alcohol. That's not what we're paid to do.","(Laughter) Indeed. Tim Peto, professor of infectious diseases at Oxford University, thank you so much for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"they interact with alcohol\" - the word \"interact\" implies a specific type of effect or relationship, rather than a straightforward physical interaction. Also, the speaker's hesitation to endorse alcohol suggests an implied meaning beyond the literal interaction.","questions":"What is the word that describes the relationship between certain antibiotics and alcohol?","answer":"Interact"}
{"text":["Has the Catholic Church made enough progress in fighting abuse by its priests?That question has renewed urgency after George Pell became the highest-ranking member of the clergy to be formally charged. Cardinal Pell of Australia is a close adviser to the pope. He's been charged with sexual assault. He says he's innocent. Police in Melbourne aren't releasing the details of his accusers.","Joining us to talk about the case from Dublin and the broader questions it raises is Marie Collins. She was until recently on a papal commission dealing with the sexual abuse of children by clergy. Thanks for being with us.","Glad to be here.","So please remind us of your story. How did this come to be an issue in your life?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The turn that has a figurative meaning is turn (4), where the speaker uses the phrase \"remind us of your story\" to mean \"tell us about your experience with this issue\". The literal meaning of \"remind us of your story\" would be asking the person to recall a previous narrative they had shared.","questions":"Which turn has a figurative meaning?","answer":"4"}
{"text":["As a trained economist, as you do your personal budget, what do you figure paying $60 a month would force you to do without?","If I was not looking to change my career at all, if I was tending bar and making the income that I'm making right now, I would maybe save a little less, maybe, you know, buy a cheaper brand of dog food. It wouldn't affect me too much. It would be something that would make money a little tighter. But it would be an important reason, just like having lights on in your house makes money a little tighter. It's an important thing to spend it on, you know.","As now, I'm looking for career work in Philadelphia, in the D. C.  area and New York area. So with interviews and that job hunt, there's a lot of travel expense, whether it's taking a train or jumping in the car, and going and staying for a night or staying for a couple of nights. So every little bit, when I want to be able say: Hey, you want to interview tomorrow?Absolutely, I'll be there first thing in the morning. All of my income is focused on launching this career that I've spent the last several years of my life preparing for.","And are there other ways in which you live differently, Mr.  Kreider, because you're worried about twisting an ankle?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3)\tA:\tAs now, I'm looking for career work in Philadelphia, in the D.C. area and New York area.So with interviews and that job hunt, there's a lot of travel expense, whether it's taking a train or jumping in the car, and going and staying for a night or staying for a couple of nights.So every little bit, when I want to be able say: Hey, you want to interview tomorrow?Absolutely, I'll be there first thing in the morning.All of my income is focused on launching this career that I've spent the last several years of my life preparing for. (4)\tB:\tAnd are there other ways in which you live differently, Mr. Kreider, because you're worried about twisting an ankle?  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1)  (2)  (3)  (4) ChatGPT The turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings are:  (2) \"save a little less\" - The literal meaning would be to reduce the amount of money saved, but the implied meaning is that the person would be willing to compromise on their savings and not save as much as they currently do.  (3) \"all of my income is focused on launching this career\" - The literal meaning would be that the person is using all of their income for career purposes, but the implied meaning is that the person is prioritizing and investing heavily in their career, possibly sacrificing other expenses or financial goals.  (4) \"live differently...because you're worried about twisting an ankle\" - The literal meaning would be that the person has altered their lifestyle due to the fear of getting injured, specifically twisting an ankle. The implied meaning is that the person is cautious and takes precautions in their daily activities to avoid any potential injuries.       Reg","questions":"How is Mr. Kreider's income focused?","answer":"Career"}
{"text":["Companies and corporations are in business to make money for themselves, their workers, their stockholders. But can they make too much?Ralph Nader thinks Apple hit that limit earlier this month when it became the first trillion-dollar publicly traded company in the United States. Mr.  Nader wrote a blistering blog post about what Apple is and isn't doing with that money. He joins us now from Connecticut. Mr.  Nader, thanks for being back with us.","You're welcome, Scott.","What's wrong with Apple sitting on all that money?","Well, they just announced earlier this year - a $100 billion stock buyback adding to previous stock buyback without asking the shareholders, institutional and individual, their opinion or even their approval. So the point I was making is it could've been used to increase employees. It could've been used to shore up the pension fund. It could've been used - 2 percent of it, Scott, to double the income of the serf laborers - 1. 3 million Chinese laborers in the contractor that builds the iPhones. It could have had 2 percent of 100 billion to improve the recycling of used computers and phones, which are endangering both the environment and the workers. It could've been put in productive investment. It could've been put in research and development. It could've been sent to cash dividends back to the shareholder, but no."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Apple could have used their money for various productive purposes","questions":"Which company became the first trillion-dollar publicly traded company in the United States?","answer":"Apple"}
{"text":["Hi. And I suppose I should say congratulations.","Yes, thank you. It's exciting.","Exciting, as you say, but what was different this time?- because the Green Party has been around for a while in Germany.","Well, on the surface, the topic of climate change and the demonstration of young people - the so-called Fridays for Future, where students skipped their classes and went demonstrating, demanding that the politicians start listening to them in terms of climate policies - this got traction among their parents, among their grandparents."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The topic of climate change and the Fridays for Future movement mobilized a wider demographic.","questions":"What mobilized a wider demographic?","answer":"Fridays"}
{"text":["Some analysts call the decision a compromise rather than a punt, but the ruling leaves open many questions about what's next for affirmative action. We're joined now, as we often are, by David Savage, Supreme Court correspondent for the Los Angeles Times and Chicago Tribune newspapers. He joins us by phone from his office here in Washington. David, always good to have you with us.","Hi Neal.","Waiting a long time for this decision on a case the justices seemed to have picked to issue a sweeping ruling on affirmative action.","Yes, this is one that the most surprising aspect of it is what they didn't do. When this case came up for argument in October, it sure looked like the case that the conservatives had wanted to basically say no to affirmative action. Five of them are very familiar with this subject and have in the past been very skeptical of the idea of using race."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The decision was not something that was given up by one side.","questions":"Which side did not give up the decision?","answer":"one-side"}
{"text":["It's the most remarkable story of evil coming out of Russia that I've seen in a long time. And what it shows is that they're not just messing with the election in the United States or doping in the Olympics. But they've got their tentacles into just about everything everywhere. This is one story that shows that.","I have to ask you, Mr.  Browder, there are plenty of people - and we hear from them - who are skeptical about Russia being seen at the center of so many allegations. And they say the U. S.  and the West are just crawling back into a destructive Cold War mentality. How do you answer that?","Well, I mean, Russia was responsible for shooting down MH17. Russia was responsible for invading Ukraine. Russia is responsible for taking away the chemical weapons in Syria that they didn't take away. Russia was responsible for having honest athletes in the Olympics when they did the whole doping program. I mean, Russia is the one who is making the trouble. Russia is really a sort of a nonentity when it comes to - the economy is the size of the state of New York. Their military budget is 5 percent of the U. S.  military budget. We shouldn't even be thinking about Russia other than the fact that they're sort of putting their nose into every bit of terrible activity all over the world.","Quick question - but it's important to get along, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are skeptics who believe that Russia is not at the center of allegations and the U.S. and the West are overreacting with a Cold War mentality.","questions":"How do some people view the allegations against Russia?","answer":"Overreacting"}
{"text":["It's becoming a new Thanksgiving tradition. This year, like the year before, the newest installment of \"The Hunger Games\" movie franchise \"Mockingjay Part 1\" is an adaptation of the first half of Suzanne Collins third and final book in the series. And with the backdrop of what's been happening in the world, protests in Ferguson, Missouri, and shakeup at the Capitol - Capitol Hill that is. Audiences look for comparisons between the fictitious world of Panem and the real world. We're joined now by Stephen Carter, a professor of law at Yale, a novelist and columnist for Bloomberg View, where he writes regularly on popular culture. Stephen, thanks so much for being back with us.","It's my pleasure, Scott.","I'm just guessing you don't watch \"Hunger Games\" the way a lot of other people do.","You're right. I'm looking for tropes and ideas that are going to leap out of the film into public life. And one that's really striking about the \"Hunger Games\" franchise is how more than really anything else in recent years in popular culture, so many of the symbols - the nation of Panem itself with its deep wealth inequalities, the notion of the Capitol, this barricaded wealthy city and of course, Katniss Everdeen herself, the hero. All of these things have not only leapt into the public imagination, but they are regular features of political argument."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"watch\" - This verb usually means to observe something with one's eyes, but in this context, it implies enjoying or experiencing a film.","questions":"What is PersonA looking for in \"The Hunger Games\" franchise?","answer":"Tropes"}
{"text":["Well, it's a wide hurricane. So we expect impacts on both the east coast and the west coast. But the major impacts are going to be in the Florida Keys, particularly the lower Keys - then into the Naples area and then up the coast more into the Fort Myers area and into - early in next week into the Tampa area.","What do you see over the next 24 hours?","We see that it'll make this final turn. And we'll really be able to zero in on where that core is going to go. There's still a little bit of uncertainty, but we're looking most likely that the biggest impact's along southwest Florida.","What are your biggest concerns?Mr.  DeMaria. We have, of course, this whole constellation of effects between the winds and the storm surge and the flooding."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4), B is not simply asking Mr. DeMaria what his concerns are in a general sense, but is instead implying that there are multiple potential sources of damage and danger associated with the hurricane, including strong winds, storm surge, and flooding. The use of the phrase \"whole constellation of effects\" suggests that there are a range of different factors that could contribute to the overall impact of the hurricane, and that these factors are complex and interrelated. Therefore, the actual meaning of B's question is more concerned with the various risks and challenges associated with the hurricane, rather than simply asking Mr. DeMaria to name his general concerns.","questions":"Which phrase suggests that there are multiple potential sources of danger associated with the hurricane?","answer":"Constellation"}
{"text":["It's a common complaint about poetry. It's the oldest form of expression, but what can it do for us now in an age of social media, Twitter, Facebook and national urgency?Poet Claudia Rankine's new collection, her fifth, has an answer. Its cover shows a black hoodie against a white background, recalling Trayvon Martin. And it's a very personal meditation on race in America. The book is called \"Citizen: An American Lyric. \"It was a finalist for the National Book Award. Claudia Rankine joins us now. Thank you, welcome to the program.","Good morning, Eric. Thank you for having me.","Before we chat, I want to give listeners a sense of your book. It reads like a series of kind of diary entries, so to speak, and an anatomy of encounters with perceived racism. I'd like you to read, if you would. Could you start \"You Are In The Dark\"?","Sure. (Reading) You're in the dark, in the car, watching the black, tarred street being swallowed by speed. He tells you his dean is making him hire a person of color when there are so many great writers out there. You think maybe this is an experiment, and you're being tested or retroactively insulted or you have done something that communicates this is an OK conversation to be having. Why do you feel comfortable saying this to me?You wish the light would turn red or a police siren would go off so you could slam on the brakes, slam into the car ahead of you, fly forward so quickly both your faces would suddenly be exposed to the wind."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B's statement implies that poetry is often seen as outdated and irrelevant in today's fast-paced world","questions":"How does PersonB describe the relevance of poetry in modern times?","answer":"Outdated"}
{"text":["And so the bike industry in general thought that they could absorb the 10% increase that's been in effect for the last few months. And there's no way that they can absorb a 25% increase, so that will be borne by the consumer whether you're buying a $100 bike or a $10,000 bike across the board. There's no way that the industry can absorb that.","Can you give me a sense of what the price hike might be for a consumer buying, you know, the first or second bike for a kid, let's say?","Yeah. And so this does apply to kid's bike, too. You know that in general, the tariff burden will increase by probably $250 million, and so retail prices will be raised. And so if you consider, gosh, a $100 bike, which is a fair price point for most Americans looking to buy their first bicycle or a kid's bicycle, $100 is a lot of money for a lot of people. Who knows what'll happen?But if I had to look in a crystal ball, that price will probably go up to 125, 150.","And there are a lot of road riders or mountain bikers or anyone who is more of an enthusiast - they're paying $2,000, $3,000, $4,000 for a bike, and that same percentage price increase will apply to them as well. The bike doesn't get any cheaper because of the tariffs or the kind of bike riding you like to do. So bike prices will probably go up, you know, $1,000 on a $4,000 bike."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This implies that the bike industry intend to increase bike cost from current 10% increase to 25% increase.","questions":"What will be the possible price of a $100 bike after the tariff burden is increased?","answer":"125"}
{"text":["The technology is there, but it's rare. And there isn't - there aren't that many vehicles that can operate at these sorts of depths.","We realize you're thousands of miles away from the scene, but do you have any strong feelings about whether this ping is for real?","It's very difficult to tell. I've seen the pictures. I've seen the news report. I've seen the data that they're collecting. The fact that they have picked up two separate pinger systems - and bear in mind, the 777 has two pingers on board - does lee credence to the fact that this is probably, and I emphasize probably, the MH370 on the seafloor.","Simon Boxall, an oceanographer at Southampton University in Britain. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In (3), the implied meaning is that the oceanographer is suggesting that the ping signal is most likely coming from the MH370 plane, but the oceanographer is not 100% sure.","questions":"Which plane is probably emitting the ping signal according to the oceanographer?","answer":"MH370"}
{"text":["It's a common misconception that there is some sort of missing server from the DNC hack, but it's not true. The hack involved 140 cloud-based servers, and they were all decommissioned in 2016. There was no single server that was, you know, stolen in the dead of night and smuggled to the Ukraine or something. This was based on a fundamental misunderstanding of both the technology involved and the firm involved. And trying to make sense of it is almost impossible because it's not really a logical idea.","What's remarkable about the president referring to the DNC hack of 2016 and a 2019 call to a foreign leader?","I think it just goes to show you how much he, like the rest of us, is stuck in this social media feedback loop that started with that election.","What do you mean by that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He and the rest of us keep reading the same things over and over on social media.","questions":"How is the president and the rest of us affected by the social media feedback loop?","answer":"Stuck"}
{"text":["I think his great forte is understanding the problems that we face. He's had great experiences. You know, he was raised - a good part of his youth was in France. He speaks French fluently and understands Europeans quite well, and his being the Allied commander in Europe was absolutely a perfect fit. And he can expand that in giving advice in problems, literally, all over the world.","I read that James Jones went to Georgetown University, where he played basketball. Do you have any sensed of maybe whether he and President-elect Obama might discuss security issues over a game of hoops?","I wouldn't doubt it. President-elect Obama would also find he's a competitor. That ought to be an interesting basketball game.","Congressman Ike Skelton of Missouri. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person mentioned has a talent for comprehending problems and advising on them worldwide, due to his experiences and background, not necessarily related to France.","questions":"What is the person's forte?","answer":"Comprehending"}
{"text":["Absolutely. Mary was beyond offended. This was after her columns had been a sensation, after the Army-McCarthy hearings. And Mary had to deal with that kind of institutional sexism throughout her career, that she knew she would have to work harder and write better than the men to be a syndicated columnist. But she was also fairly comfortable with the hand she was dealt. She was not a trailblazing feminist in a traditional sense of the word. She figured if she was going to get paid less and have to work harder, she would make the men on the campaign trail damn well carry her bags.","Yeah, Mary's bearers, they were called, right?","Indeed. I don't think a more illustrious group of porters has ever been assembled, that you could find people carrying her typewriter and bag who invariably had won a Pulitzer. And as her cousin once joked, that if the reporters around weren't able to do it, she would make the candidates do so.","I wish I could think of a better opening. Tell me the Lyndon Baines Johnson story, if you could, please."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Yeah, Mary's bearers, they were called, right?  In this turn, the implied meaning is that Mary had a group of people known as \"bearers\" who were responsible for carrying her typewriter and bag. These bearers were exceptional individuals who had won Pulitzer Prizes. It suggests that Mary had a team of highly skilled and accomplished individuals supporting her, further highlighting her influence and status.","questions":"Which term was used to refer to the group of people responsible for carrying Mary's typewriter and bag?","answer":"Bearers"}
{"text":["Over 700 people were killed this week when a stampede took place during the Hajj, the annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca. The sheer volume of pilgrims every year has led to problems before. In fact, over 1,400 people were killed in a similar incident back in 1990. This week, Iran and other regional powers criticized the Saudi Arabian government for poor management of the crowds that come to their holy places. Gary Sick is a senior research scholar at Columbia's Middle East Institute. He joins us now from New York. Thanks so much for being with us, Mr.  Sick.","It's a real pleasure.","What do you read into Iran's outspoken criticism of Saudi Arabia over these deaths?","This is very standard stuff. The Iranians and the Saudis have a running battle about the Hajj. And the worst incident they've ever had was actually back in 1987. In each case, they've blamed the Saudis. And in each case, the Saudis have blamed the pilgrims for misbehaving, for not doing what they were told. And on the previous case, the Saudis broke diplomatic relations with Iran over the incident. And that was only restored a few years later after Khomeini died."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) A: It's a real pleasure. (implied meaning: I am happy to be here and discuss this important topic)","questions":"Which emotion does person PersonA express in their response to person PersonB's question?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["Yes. And Stephanie says attendance more than doubled. She thinks lowering prices was a great business strategy for her. It might be good for others as well.","And Marilyn McFee(ph) is doing well in the downturn. She's a professional storyteller.","Maybe it's like mashed potatoes and apple cobbler, she writes. Storytelling is comfort entertainment.","She's been busy telling her stories at schools, libraries, even fundraisers."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : What she writes makes people feel comfortable in a way that reminds them of the past.","questions":"Which word describes the type of entertainment storytelling provides?","answer":"Comfort"}
{"text":["They have an obligation to do what I have done my whole life. I came from a family that had nothing. I worked hard all my life. In fact, the way I made my living was representing the kind of people that I grew up with, people who didn't have much of anything, and fighting against very entrenched, powerful corporate interests. And we were able to win and be successful. I did well by doing good. And what we have a responsibility to do is to make sure we don't pull the ladder out from behind us.","That everybody gets - in fact, it's the core reason that I am running for president is to make sure that everybody in this country gets the kind of chances and opportunities that I've had in my life. That's what drives me every single day.","A lot of your supporters mention that you really have a commitment to ending poverty, but could there ever be an America with absolutely no poverty?What would that country even look like?","It would be a country where everybody has real economic opportunity. I mean, is there always going to be a circumstance where somebody could fall into poverty?Of course. I mean, because that's the real world. But if we do the things we need to do, we wouldn't have the kind of systematic, endemic poverty we have in America. I mean, we have 37 million people, which is roughly the population of California, who live in poverty every day in this country. It's not a small number."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker talks about the possibility of a country with no poverty and states that it's not possible for everyone to avoid poverty. However, if they take the necessary actions, they could reduce poverty significantly. The implied meaning is that the speaker is committed to reducing poverty and improving economic opportunities for everyone.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the poverty in America?","answer":"Systematic"}
{"text":["Well, popularity is very important. The outdoor world needs more visitors and better accessibility. The difficulty with managing that side of it is that construction can have adverse effects to the natural areas if you start doing different buildings and that sort of thing on top of it, but yes.","Is this an anomaly, though, when we're talking just about Horseshoe Bend or have you seen other spaces that have changed?","I have. A smaller one in Colorado is Conundrum Hot Springs. After it became a spot for people to easily find on social media, the amount of visitorship (ph) went up really high. And since this is a very remote location where people kind of hang around for a long time in the hot springs, they ran out of places to go to the bathroom. As a result, Conundrum Hot Springs had to be shut down for a little bit while park rangers were up there with shovels to relieve that issue.","Meaning they were building bathrooms because people were just, like, basically. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The park rangers had to build bathrooms at Conundrum Hot Springs because of the high number of visitors.","questions":"How did Conundrum Hot Springs address the issue of high visitorship?","answer":"Build"}
{"text":["So Virginia was demographically the ideal Barack Obama success story. It was not a one color success story. It was a multicolored \u2014 he even did better than he's done anywhere else among Latinos. So Virginia is really, if you will, the marquee state for the Barack Obama coalition that he wants to put together.","What about independent voters?Independents or particularly first time voters seemed to have come out.","Yes. In fact, first time voters are largely a creation in this particular cycle of the Barack Obama campaign. That's why they came out. It isn't just because they are suddenly interested in the political process; it's Obama. And in Virginia in particular Obama did so well among independents that he was the reason largely that Mike Huckabee threatened John McCain at all in Virginia. Otherwise McCain would have counted on five to 10 percentage points more from independents who were being attracted over to the other side by Barack Obama.","Before we let you go, there are so many ways to crunch the delegates on the Democratic side. But specifically in terms of delegates that the two candidates have won, in the primaries and caucuses, how are they standing now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"multicolored\" is a figurative language that means it was not just one racial group that supported Barack Obama.","questions":"What was the demographic makeup of Barack Obama's success story in Virginia?","answer":"Multicolored"}
{"text":["Now, have you been able to get through to your teams in the Bahamas?What are you hearing?","We have sporadic communications, but we did pre-deploy teams into the affected areas.","And what are you hearing?","What we're hearing is that it's a very difficult situation. There is extensive damage and extensive flooding, especially in - most of the areas close to the coast have been almost completely underwater, and many of the shelters that we have been working in and preparing - they have also started to be underwater and be flooded. So people are moving out of some of the temporary shelters, which we had in schools and churches, and are moving into some of the biggest or tallest and strongest buildings on the island. Especially in Marsh Harbor, we have reports of people moving into the government buildings because the flood waters are so high."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : What messages are you receiving from them (not what are you literally hearing)","questions":"What is the nature of the communication with the teams in the Bahamas?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["If you can find these kinds of primitive organisms, could you find things like evidence of, like, ancient viruses that might have been around?","Well, that's an interesting question, and people have tried to look. The difference between what we've been finding and the virus is that the virus doesn't have a rigid cell wall to protect it. It just invades other things that have cell walls. So it makes it much harder to see and much harder to fossilize. It's often the cell wall or the protective material around it which goes into the fossil record.","But some of my colleagues have thought they have found viral-like structures, sort of polygonal-shaped structures a bit like modern viruses - very, very tiny, but have been unable to convince themselves and other people that no other explanation can be brought forward for these things. So that's still very much an open question.","But it would be nice if we could, but a little bit hard to really confirm it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's hard to find fossil evidence of ancient viruses.","questions":"Which cell component goes into the fossil record?","answer":"Protective"}
{"text":["And now a holiday tradition from the Lone Star state. It's Santa's cousin from the barrio, Pancho Clause. From San Antonio, we're joined now by Rudy Martinez. He is one of many guys through out Texas who takes on the role of Pancho Clause. Merry Christmas, Rudy.","Merry Christmas to you.","So explain for us who is Pancho Clause.","Pancho Clause is Santa's cousin from the South."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to take on a role in this context means to act like a character.","questions":"Which term is used to describe the holiday tradition from the Lone Star state?","answer":"Pancho"}
{"text":["Well, how much were the islands able to prepare for Hurricane Dorian?I mean, to stock up on adequate supplies, to make sure people got to shelters safely. Do you think there was enough time in advance?","Oh, absolutely. From the first module that came up that showed the path of Dorian. Based on experience, Grand Bahama and even the other islands - we've weathered many ferocious storms. And so it has become our way of life. Can you imagine six months out of a year, you're in a hurricane basin?And at any point from June 1 to November 30, you could be struck with a hurricane, whether a Category 1 or Category 5. We remind the public that it is, you know, their duty to prepare themselves and their families for any disaster, whether it's natural or man-made.","So over the next 24 hours, tell us what you're going to be looking for. What are the main priorities?","Over the next 24 hours, the storm will still be impacting the northwest Bahamas at some level because we were hearing, based on the predictions, this storm would not be clear out of the Bahamas until about Wednesday. So we're still expecting the level of damage that kind of strength would do on a flat island. We know we have to rebuild. That's obvious."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Surviving hurricanes is a common occurrence and a way of life for the Bahamians.","questions":"How do Bahamians view hurricanes?","answer":"Duty"}
{"text":["The big one was that they died of lead poisoning due to the canning of the canned tin goods. The problem with that - these guys hadn't eaten any tin food. It was only three months into their voyage.","It was a dire situation anyway you look at it. But, of course, in your book, it wasn't dire enough. You throw in an Arctic beast.","I do, an unexplained Arctic beast that we never see. And the reason for that is I wanted something to personify just the terror, the horror of the darkness, the five months of darkness, the terrible cold - 100 degrees below zero - the constricting ice that you had to listen to against the hull, you know, all the time.","What would be the best-case scenario for you if they find which ship it is?What would you like to know?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  implies the beast served to represent the fear, horror and cold of the situation;","questions":"What did the beast represent in the situation?","answer":"Fear"}
{"text":["He used software to create phony profiles so he could collect answers from thousands of women and analyze them. He divided the women into seven groups based on the questions they chose to answer, then decided which group he found most engaging. And then he answered those questions that they found most compelling. Once he did, his dating life took off.","At first, I was kind of trying to make them like the classic sort of romantic first date to remember, to tell your kids about. And that turned out to not be a good approach.","First dates take time, after all. They create expectation. They can be exhausting. So Chris McKinlay decided to just meet for a cup of coffee and hope that was long enough to detect in person what OkCupid and its algorithms couldn't - if two people felt a spark. Chris McKinlay had 87 first dates. And on the 88th, he met Christine Tien Wong.","It was a real relief when I met Christine and, you know, on the first date. I was saying yes very strongly at a gut level."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He used data to figure out which women he should focus on in order to maximize his chances of finding a successful relationship.","questions":"Which approach did Chris McKinlay abandon when trying to find a successful relationship?","answer":"romanticism"}
{"text":["Well, I think what I heard - and I heard it over the three days - is that the president is not going to let up pressure on Japan, on Prime Minister Abe on trade. Despite the close personal relationship, despite all the pageantry of this visit, it was just at the surface that the president was getting a little irritated with the arguments that Japan has been making on trade.","I think that this is not going to bode well for how this is going to end up. Mr.  Abe doesn't have a lot of latitude to give the president what he wants. But I think they're trying very hard to keep it from bursting the seams, so to speak, on the overall political strategic relationship.","What about on North Korea?As Anthony alluded to there, President Trump contradicted not only his host, the prime minister, but his own national security adviser, John Bolton, on the significance of these recent missile launches from North Korea and whether they violate U. N.  Security Council resolutions. How significant a disagreement is that between Tokyo and Washington?","I think that will be a disappointment for Prime Minister Abe for a couple of reasons. You know, again, President Trump said he was not personally concerned about the tests, still trying to lay out what I think he thinks is the base for a bargain with Kim Jong Un, and that is an economic development strategy by North Koreans that will then mitigate the military challenge."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite the friendly relations between the US and Japan, the President is unhappy with Japan's trade policies and is pressuring Prime Minister Abe to make changes.","questions":"How is the President's attitude towards Japan's trade policies?","answer":"Unhappy"}
{"text":["But writing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers report that they have been able to trace back the origins of viticulture in France to about 500 BC, using a combination of archaeological detective work and biomolecular approaches in the lab. And one of the men who's been studying the origins of winemaking for many years, the man some people call the Indiana Jones of wine, is Patrick McGovern, scientific director of the Biomolecular Archaeology Laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology in Philadelphia.","He's authored many books, including \"Ancient Wine: A Search for the Origins of Viniculture,\" \"Uncorking the Past: The Quest for Wine, Beer and Other Alcoholic Beverages. \"He joins us this week. Welcome.","Hello, Ira, nice to talk to you.","Why do they call you the Indiana Jones of. . ."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Why do they call the person an adventurist risk taker?","questions":"What is the nickname of the person being referred to as an adventurer?","answer":"IndianaJones"}
{"text":["And of course we speak this week on a week in which the city of Baltimore has been undergoing a lot of restiveness, including injuries and arrests. What do you make of the fact that you've got Wednesday's ballgame played at Camden Yards, but no audience?","I think that's a shame. Much like how after 9\/11 I didn't think they should've called the ballgames off, I thought they should still have baseball being played. I think baseball helps people heal. It changes things. Look at Jackie Robinson, what that did for the civil rights movement. I can speak for my family when they came over from Poland at the turn-of-the-century. They combined with other immigrant kids and they all learned baseball because that was one thing that brought everybody together.","Gary Cieradkowski - his new book, \"The League of Outsider Baseball. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B: Gary Cieradkowski - his new book, \"The League of Outsider Baseball.\"Thanks so much for being with us. Actual meaning: B is thanking A for joining the conversation and promoting Gary Cieradkowski's new book. ","questions":"How did PersonB thank A?","answer":"Thanks"}
{"text":["It's really - it's really unlike any other church in the city and, you know, very, very few in Europe. It's not simply a church. It's almost like stepping into a kind of medieval marketplace inside. It's enormous. It's - there's always a hurly burly. And there's always a - you know, numerous things going on in there.","Well, now, we were seeing reports that officials are saying the fire might be connected to the renovation work going on in there. You've reported on the renovations for Time. What kind of shape was the cathedral in before this fire?","Well, you know, for years they have been saying that the church was in terrible shape. And in fact, church officials had taken me up onto the roof not that long ago, when I was reporting this for Time, to show me how pieces of the building were simply dropping off. They described the gargoyles, the medieval faces on the side of the church, as being like ice cream melting in the sun. They would simply, like, drop away. The church had no money to replace them or restore them. And so they were using, like, PVC pipes to just, you know, stick on the side of the walls where the gargoyles had been. And. . .","Oh, my goodness, wow. I mean, Notre Dame is one of the most iconic symbols of Paris. Can you talk about the cultural significance of this cathedral for France?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The cathedral was in poor condition before the fire due to lack of funding for maintenance and restoration.","questions":"Which building suffered from lack of funding before the fire?","answer":"Cathedral"}
{"text":["It probably depends on what chapter you're reading at the time. It's probably all of those things!I don't know who decides what goes into what box or what bin or what shelf, you know. For me, it's just about finding a character, finding a story, following, I guess, my heart at what I'm working on at the moment. And it just kind of falls, you know, wherever it may out there after that, you know.","There's been a lot of attention to the whole idea of street lit. And Zane, who's an erotica writer, extremely popular, sells a ton of books. A lot of people are like, well, she just can't write, but there's a lot of sex in it. And there's also a question that some people have raised about whether or not it is good for the race to have books that are explicit about black sexuality out there. So. . .","What race?The human race?","The black race. The black race. And so I bring this up because so often when people, you know, just as you mentioned, the distinctions between the way some people will look at female sexuality and male sexuality and what it's like to have a track record and whether that makes you a bad person. You know, people also look at these distinctions by race and say, oh well, black people are oversexed. That's some people stereotyping. Are you ever afraid that by doing work like this that you're, you know, I don't know, playing into a stereotype?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Some people criticize Zane's work for being explicit about black sexuality.","questions":"How do some people criticize Zane's work?","answer":"Explicit"}
{"text":["We tried for about two and half years. And I had this fear that with every step we took, we would learn something that it would confirm my fear that I couldn't have a baby.","She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF.","Tell me about that moment when you first saw your daughter Hazel for the first time. I mean, how did that feel?","Oh, my gosh. It was - it was incredible. I mean, first of all, I was in labor for 24 hours."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"We tried for about two and a half years. And I had this fear that with every step we took, we would learn something that would confirm my fear that I couldn't have a baby.\"  Implicated meaning: The speaker struggled with infertility and was afraid that each step in their journey towards having a baby would confirm their fear that they were unable to conceive.","questions":"Which fear did the speaker have during their journey towards having a baby?","answer":"couldn't"}
{"text":["The doctor who looked at the girl apparently waged a very diligent effort to stop the family separation. He tried to persuade the agent for the next several hours on Thursday not to separate the family. It was left unresolved Thursday night. The doctor even stayed an hour beyond his shift trying to protect the family. The next morning, he came back to work. There was another agent on duty. He convinced that agent not to separate the family, and the family was allowed to stay together in the United States.","You are very plugged in down there in this region, been working there for years. Did Border Patrol have anything to say to you about what happened?","I asked the Department of Homeland Security for comment yesterday. The local Customs and Border Protection officials referred me to them. They had no response at all.","OK. So Tania, Joseph and the kids now allowed to stay in the United States. What happens next for them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Plugged in\" isn't literal. It implies that 'A' knows what is going on in the region, perhaps because they have journalistic sources there.","questions":"Which phrase used by 'A' implies that they have journalistic sources in the region?","answer":"Pluggedin"}
{"text":["Are some people giving up?","Some people are. I've heard some of my clients say, maybe we will hire less foreign nationals. Maybe, you know, it's becoming too difficult because, obviously, as you know, there's a cost associated with this, too. And some companies are in a position to take on these costs. Some others are not. So you get to the position where companies may turn around and say, well, we just won't hire anybody, and we won't care about the best and the brightest. We will just go forward and not do any of these applications in the future.","Immigration lawyer Pierre Bonnefil, thank you so much for speaking with us.","You're very welcome. Thank you. Have a great day."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The companies's representatives will look at the hiring  situation and make a statement.","questions":"What will the companies do regarding hiring?","answer":"Nothire"}
{"text":["What did it sound like?","(Imitating plane noise) A lot of, you know, you got hundreds of planes, one right after the other. It was very moving and exciting. You know, you wonder what's going to happen. And 'course, then we fly over the channel. You can look out the window and see the silhouettes of the ships. We know it's going to happen now.","That is Les Cruise. He's 95 years old, and he's one of the last surviving veterans of that D-Day mission. These days, he lives outside of Philadelphia. I went to visit him earlier this week.","I'm Noel. It's nice to meet you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is not actually hearing the sound of planes, but is describing a past experience.","questions":"Which experience?","answer":"flying"}
{"text":["He had been released the year before - in June of 1914 - from an institution that was known as the Colored Waifs Home. And this was a reformatory - it was part reformatory, part orphanage. And Armstrong was sent there for at least the second time in early 1913 after he had been arrested for shooting a pistol into the air.","And it was at - while at that reformatory that he began to receive his first formal music instruction. He played in the marching band there. They would parade around the city and play at events on the lake and stuff like that. But when he came out, he was, you know, faced with the challenges of being 13 or 14 years old at the time and needing to provide some income for his family. He grew up in dire poverty, of course.","You take a look at this, like, 8 seconds of film, I guess it is, and maybe it's the power of suggestion, but it certainly looks like Louis Armstrong. And you (laughter) - you really do get a sense, even from this 13-year-old youngster, of just overwhelming charisma.","Yeah, that has been sort of the reaction. The overwhelming reaction to my story is - you know, I fully expected people to try to pick it apart because it's kind of a ridiculous thing to propose. But overwhelmingly, people have said, holy smokes, we think this, you know - it looks like him. He smiles the beautiful Louis Armstrong smile that later became famous. Yeah, it's been fascinating to me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Armstrong was sent to a reformatory multiple times and grew up in poverty.","questions":"Which institution was Armstrong sent to multiple times?","answer":"Colored"}
{"text":["It's a lot. . .",". . . Yes.","It's a lot of money to most people around the country.","And congressman, you know, if - let me understand this, are you calling for the outright abolition of the program?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is seeking clarification and confirmation about the previous speaker's stance on a particular program, which is not specified in this turn. The use of the word \"outright\" suggests that there may have been a previous discussion about the program and its potential reform or elimination.","questions":"How does the use of the word \"outright\" in turn 3 suggest previous discussion about the program?","answer":"Previous"}
{"text":["Well, I think that where journalists and correspondents tend to stray into trouble is when they use metaphor. For instance, using words like blank slate. They tend to sort of overlook the fact that there are more than 600,000 people still living here.","Yeah, that's a pretty crowded slate. What about when you see a phrase like urban settlers?","Well, that sets off all kinds of unpleasant associations. You're talking about the process of colonization in a metaphoric sense. And typically, the people who are colonized tend to see their culture and their land and, you know, their identity despoiled.","Putting Detroit on the map."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Putting Detroit on the map\" implies that through the journalist's work, Detroit is becoming well known.","questions":"What is the implication of the phrase \"Putting Detroit on the map\"?","answer":"Well-known"}
{"text":["Well, the president really is his own brand. And that's kind of a double-edged sword - right?- for Democrats. You know, there's an opportunity for them to legislate with the president. At the same time, there has been, you know, voter research that has shown that voters don't necessarily view President Trump as a dyed-in-the-wool Republican.","He's really his sort of own brand. And so the question is whether voters are going to want to punish Republicans, you know, for what they may see as the president's inability to perform, if that, in fact, turns out to be the case. Hopefully, there's going to be some legislative victories coming here in the next few months, particularly on taxes.","But, yeah, the president's going to zig, and he's going to zag. And in the meantime, I think the Republicans are going to have to do their best to try to muscle through an agenda. And the big one coming up for them is going to be this debate over taxes.","When you say muscle through an agenda, the implication is they've got to twist arms in their own party?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) is that the Republicans must use pressure tactics to pass their agenda, rather than just relying on persuasion alone.","questions":"Which party needs to use pressure tactics to pass their agenda?","answer":"Republicans"}
{"text":["Oh, she did, and in such an interesting time. In the '70s, even before Betty Ford had famously stepped forward and talked about her struggles, Joan was convening people who were early thinkers in how to treat people differently. You know, AA had been around, of course, for decades. But there was a movement in the '70s to get people to look at the whole person with alcoholism. And Joan was really passionate about getting the word out.","Yeah. With Ray's death, Joan Kroc became one of the principal philanthropists in America. And she really took that responsibility seriously, didn't she?","She lived large, and she gave large. She felt this almost-burden with the money that she had. And saying she hit the lotto isn't really fair. But - she had this money at her disposal, and she felt obligated to use it in a constructive way. But that's not to say she was ascetic or like a monk. She lived very, very lavishly as well.","Yeah, she'd drip with jewels. She went to nice places. She. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : After Ray's death, Joan Kroc became one of the main donors in America and she took her responsibility seriously.","questions":"What did Joan Kroc become after Ray's death?","answer":"Donors"}
{"text":["The president of the United States, the leader of the free world, who's the person who is in a best position of any human being on the planet to help Baltimoreans who need help, instead of doing so is using his office to beat down an American city.","NPR White House correspondent Franco Ordo\u00f1ez is following the story. He's in our studios. Good morning.","FRANCO ORDO\u00d1EZ, BYLINE: Good morning.","So the president grabs attention. Everybody takes the bait. But why does he do it now?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : take the bait means someone was tricked into something","questions":"What is the meaning of \"take the bait\"?","answer":"Deceived"}
{"text":["Very good, thank you.","So, tell me a little bit about this new report you've done.","This is a very timely paper. I'm sure many people don't know, but there are essentially three different laws that are governing transracial adoptions in the United States.","We just signed on to the Hague Convention for international adoptions, which stipulates that preservation of one's culture and heritage is important, and requires 15 hours of prospective adoptive parent training."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that an adopted child cultural background is protected by international law.","questions":"How many hours of training are required for prospective adoptive parents as per the Hague Convention?","answer":"15"}
{"text":["Cheryl, I understand there'll be a meeting there later on this afternoon. Who is expected to be there?","Well, officials of the now-closed Republic Windows and Doors are going to be there, along with union representatives, as well as representatives of Bank of America, the bank which canceled funding for this place, and Congressman Luis Gutierrez, who has been spearheading a lot of the negotiations. So that's what's going to be happening this afternoon.","NPR's Cheryl Corley speaking to us from the Republic Windows and Doors factory in Chicago. Thank you, Cheryl.","You're quite welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : spearheading refers to leading  or to initiates an activity such as the negotiations ","questions":"How was Congressman Luis Gutierrez involved in the negotiations?","answer":"Leading"}
{"text":["Now, in both the Enron case and the Madoff situation, they're very different in some ways, but they both benefited at least for a time from the fact that a lot of people don't understand finance, and it's very difficult to understand. What do you think people need to do who are not financiers to understand why is it important to even understand the issue of finance, white-collar crime, and all of this?","White-collar crime matters because it affects all of us. Even if you happen to be a blue-collar person, you undoubtedly get affected one way or another - your investments, your company, your suppliers, your neighbors. Everyone gets affected by serious white-collar crime, and the old joke is, right, you walk into a bank with a gun, steal $50,000, they send you away for 10 years. You steal $50 million in some sort of white-collar crime thing, and you get, you know, five minutes and a warning from the judge.","I mean, that's an exaggeration. But that's the kind of thing that for years has annoyed people, including me. And somehow the - because there's been now so much of the stuff has surfaced, and there's such conscientiousness about it and in the case of Madoff largely because he scammed people that members of the media know. So you get really angry when your friends go down. I mean, I don't have any friends who were in there, but a lot of people in my business. . .","Right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The joke about $50K and $5 million is not literal, but it expresses the belief that white collar crimes are larger and easier to get away with.","questions":"What kind of crime affects everyone, including blue-collar workers, and is believed to be easier to get away with when it involves large sums of money?","answer":"white-collar"}
{"text":["But we can also use technology to, you know, warn providers when they're entering orders, for instance. If I'm supposed to be in Mr.  James Smith and entering a complex chemotherapy order, for instance, I'd get an alert saying, are you sure?","Because there was another, you know, Mr.  James Smith on the same ward in the hospital. Are you sure you're entering orders on the right Mr.  James Smith, you know, for instance?","Anything a patient can do to protect him or herself?","With electronic health records has come in a layer of additional transparency for the health care system where patients can access more information electronically than they could ever do before."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The alert is suggesting that the provider should double-check to make sure they are entering the orders for the correct patient.","questions":"What is the purpose of the alert?","answer":"Double-check"}
{"text":["UNESCO must have known in July when they declared the old city in Hebron a Palestinian world heritage site that Israel would object because they say that Judaism has a lot of links to Hebron and that this would create problems in the United States.","One should make a difference. In UNESCO, there are different bodies. So when you say UNESCO took a decision, I think the more precise will be to say that the World Heritage Committee took a decision. But on my side, I have done many - implement many initiatives to strengthen the - our ties with the Jewish people. I think if you look at the bigger picture, you will find also these important activities of the organization that I think makes it a little bit more complex just to be one-sided when when you judge us.","Well, I mean - I wasn't asking if you or UNESCO were anti-Semitic. I was asking if you didn't realize in July when the Heritage Site committee made the declaration.","Well, I personally realized it. But as I said, I'm not taking these decisions to the World Heritage Committee. But I did realize it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the speaker is implying that they personally realized the potential consequences of the decision when it was made, even though they are not part of the decision-making process.","questions":"What did the speaker realize about the decision?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["I think there's also a message to be had in the region. Mr.  Trump in Tokyo, with all the pomp and circumstance, with even the irritations on trade and that mixed signal in North Korea - it was clear that this is an alliance that was vibrant, that was coherent and that was still being deeply supported by both countries. That's the message Mr.  Abe wants to send to Pyongyang and certainly the message he wants to send to Beijing.","That pomp and circumstance extended to the appearance of Trump 2020 campaign banners. They were visible as the president was making his way through Japan's streets. Another of the events that he attended was this sumo tournament. Why is Prime Minister Abe so intent on courting President Trump?","Well, you know, you - the backdrop here, too, is the Japanese people are not as critical of President Trump as many of the citizens of our other allies in Europe, for example. The president and the prime minister do have a reasonably strong working relationship. The Japanese diplomats pointed out before the visit that they've spoken or met 42 times since the president came into office.","Forty-two times, wow.","An unprecedented amount of contact. So I think there's still this sense that this is a good partnership and that Mr.  Abe can make it work."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mr. Abe is trying to please President Trump by showing him a good time in Japan","questions":"What was the purpose of the Trump 2020 campaign banners in Japan?","answer":"Campaign"}
{"text":["Are we talking about resveratrol here?","Well, the resveratrol discovery was about 10 years ago. We, my colleagues and I, made that discovery. But what we've done since then is use that as a - just a stepping stone, a proof of concept to make much more potent synthetic drug-like molecules that are just in the beginnings of human clinical trials. And this paper is about the finding that these molecules from grapes and the synthetics all seem to work through this one particular gene, genetic pathway we call the sirtuin pathway.","Let's back up a little bit and talk about the study you did in mice. What did you find - what did you give the mice, and what did you find there?","Well, originally we found resveratrol just in a test tube, looking for molecules that would turn on this enzyme, this protein that seems to defend against diseases in aging. We then moved to nematode worms and flies. We've done some work with bees even. The mouse study was in 2006."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning is that the interviewer wants to hear about the findings of the mouse study and what was administered to the mice during the study.  I apologize for any confusion caused by my earlier response.","questions":"Which study was conducted on mice?","answer":"Mice-study"}
{"text":["There's a number of them that the federal prosecutors mentioned, things like excessive purchases with cash in some pharmacies, purchases from well out of the region of the pharmacies. And these are opioid purchases we're talking about - excessively high percentages of sales of fentanyl patches and opioid oxycodone painkillers from some pharmacies and some of the larger pharmacies that RDC dealt with. So those are some of the things that the feds highlighted.","Two RDC executives face charges. What are they accused of?","Basically sort of being players in this whole, you know, alleged kind of ignorance or willing ignorance, I should say, of RDC's role in the opioid epidemic, the things we talked about - you know, just sort of closing your eyes to pharmacies that were obviously pushing painkilling prescription meds onto the streets in big numbers. And the allegations are that the former CEO, Larry Doud, and former compliance officer were key in allowing this to happen internally and just ignored all the signs. One has pleaded guilty and is cooperating. And Doud is facing the criminal charges.","You've talked a lot about the pharmacies here. And so I'm wondering, what about them?And what about the doctors making the orders?Are they being held accountable?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"held accountable\" - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning because \"held accountable\" means being responsible or answerable for something, but it does not necessarily mean someone will be physically held or restrained.","questions":"How does the turn \"held accountable\" differ from its literal meaning?","answer":"Responsibility"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . Jupiter. But there's no debris right now. It looks like whatever hit Jupiter, Jupiter just kind of swallowed it whole.","Yeah. You know, I'm reminded - when you say debris, I'm reminded of that famous Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet that broke up and smashed into the planet in 1994.","Well, you're right. And, you know, I said 10 or 20 years ago, people might have said that Dan Peterson, who saw the impact, was just, you know, seeing things. But back before comet Shoemaker - excuse me, SL9 hit Jupiter, astronomers were very skeptical that big impacts like that occurred in the modern day solar system. And then we saw that tremendous series of 21 impacts with our own eyes, when Shoemaker 9 hit Jupiter. And, of course, that was a comet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The tremendous series of 21 impacts with our own eyes when Shoemaker 9 hit Jupiter was a comet.","questions":"Which celestial object was responsible for the series of 21 impacts on Jupiter?","answer":"Jupiter"}
{"text":["Absolutely. I've had a wonderful experience getting to really collect a lot of the thoughts from this experience and interview a lot of my fellow soldiers and officers and found that I really enjoy collecting those interviews and collecting everyone's thoughts for pieces and putting them down into writing, and so I'd love to be able to continue that.","And I think it's a really interesting time in journalism. It's a tough time right now because we're sort of moving from the idea of print journalism and subscriptions into a lot of online readership. But from what I've read, readership online and viewership online is really skyrocketing. So now, you can get those stories out to a much larger audience, which I think will be a great and beneficial aspect in the next couple decades.","Yeah. Is there any area you want to focus on when you get back?Any particular subject matter?","Honestly, much to my mother's chagrin, I think I would like to come back to the Middle East and continue to cover a lot of the developments here, maybe Afghanistan, continue to cover a lot of our diplomatic efforts abroad."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The shift from print to online journalism will benefit the industry","questions":"What will be beneficial in the next couple decades?","answer":"Readership"}
{"text":["Sure. So sequencing DNA is currently most cost efficient when you sequence a bunch of different samples together. And so, typically, you'll outsource your sequencing to a dedicated sequencing facility or lab. And let's say you want to learn what other people are sequencing. Say you want to get a leg up on some GMO research that people are doing. You could potentially insert malware into the sample that you send to the DNA sequencing facility to exfiltrate some of that data back to you.","How did you guys discover this?","What we try to do here is sort of look at emerging technologies and see if there are any security implications of those emerging technologies and try to get ahead of potential threats before they become actual threats. And so we had a team of people here working on a DNA storage project for using DNA instead of, say, hard drives for long-term storage. And so we had sort of the biological and chemical backgrounds for that as well as security expertise here.","Are there any good reasons to use this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - What we try to do here is sort of look at emerging technologies and see if there are any security implications of those emerging technologies and try to get ahead of potential threats before they become actual threats.","questions":"How does the team at the company approach emerging technologies?","answer":"Look"}
{"text":["Billions of dollars have been spent on trying to create this technology, and only now are we just starting to see batteries alongside solar and wind farms. Do you think this problem can be cracked?And if so, how soon?","Well, in some parts of the U. S. , for example, where solar electricity is already very predictable - in the Southwest, for example - the cost of lithium-ion batteries is already at a point where the combination of solar - generation solar panels and lithium-ion batteries can produce reliable electricity at a cost below that of our conventional fossil-fuel-generated electricity.","But the issue is that not all of the U. S. , and certainly not all of the world, has that level of predictability. That's where the problem becomes much harder.","I know the cost has been prohibitive for a long time, and it's been coming down recently. When do you think this technology will actually be reasonably affordable in a lot of places?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : can be cracked meaning the problem can be looked into and a solution found for it","questions":"How much does the combination of solar panels and lithium-ion batteries cost in some parts of the US?","answer":"Below"}
{"text":["They have indeed, but not through Jordan, as far as I know.","And you talked about hedging your bets. Doesn't that risk putting your bets on the wrong side if, indeed, the rebels do topple, which from what you say, the regime believes is only a matter of time. Why don't they put their bets on - with the opposition?","That's a debate that is actually going on inside the country today. As I said, 82 percent of Jordanians are with the uprising, not all of them, however, are with any military intervention against the Syrian regime. This is a very sensitive issue in Arab politics, to be seen as actively working militarily against an Arab regime. Still, as I said, the sentiments of the people in Jordan, not all of them, but the overwhelming majority of them, are with the uprising. And the country, I would expect, the government, will probably have to change its position as developments move. It's a fair question to ask. You know, one day, we'll be able to do so. There are many who have asked the government to take on a sort of a clearer position on the Syrian crisis than it has so far.","How porous is the border?If people wanted to operate across it clandestinely, would they be able to do so?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Jordanians support the uprising but are hesitant to support military intervention. Government may change its position later","questions":"Which country's population supports the Syrian uprising but is hesitant to support military intervention?","answer":"Jordanians"}
{"text":["Let's talk for a second about the geopolitics of the region. The Sinai Peninsula is a giant desert. It borders Israel. And that is where Islamic militants have focused many of their recent attacks, but this is a change.","Yes. Thus far, they have been focused primarily on the police and the military in what they claim is a social justice war, so to speak. They're opposing the regime, claiming it's illegitimate and that they want to essentially become the new rulers of Egypt with they're very warped and skewed interpretation of Islam.","Now, that's not to say that civilians have not been killed in the process. And, in fact, if you're suspected of being a cooperator with the Egyptian state, they - ISIS will behead you in a very grotesque way to set an example. However, this is the first time that we've seen them go after a mosque in this way. Now, they have gone after churches and - because part of their kind of terroristic agenda is to kill anyone that they believe is not worthy of living in this Islamic state that they seek to create. And Christians have been common targets. But for them to go after Muslims is quite unprecedented.","This is a Sufi mosque, a mystical form of Islam. Would that have been a factor?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The ISIS terrorist attack in Egypt is now on both Christians who were their initial target to their fellow Muslims.","questions":"Which group was the initial target of ISIS in Egypt?","answer":"Christians"}
{"text":["Well, it certainly, was fine with you because I'm reading from your book here. This is what you said about non-African-American writers. Quote, \"I have learned over the years as much about African-American life from non-African-American writers as I have from African-Americans. \"That's interesting.","Yeah, I've read some very important books. I mean, there've been some very important scholars in my field which I deal with African-American studies. There've been some very important non-African-Americans who have written in that field and - who've done tremendous, pioneering work in that field and who were important. And I've learned a great deal from them as a result. I feel no reason to discriminate against them in any way. I remembered that John Hope Franklin once told me that in the south African-American colleges he said were he called - were integrated so he called them, these islands of civility. I like to think that the volumes that we're putting out are sort of islands of civility where, you know, lots of people can, you know, be shoulder to shoulder.","Gerald Early, thank you very much. Good luck with this project.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : No actual islands, but small groups of people that acted civilly toward one another surrounded by large groups that did not.","questions":"Which term describes the groups in the south African-American colleges that John Hope Franklin called \"islands of civility\"?","answer":"Islands"}
{"text":["Well, experts and the public are very divided about this matter, as they are on the whole issue of nuclear power in Japan. Critics point out that a lot of the technology for removing the melted reactor cores and stopping radioactive water from going to the sea is still untested. TEPCO emphasized to me that they have multiple contingency plans in place to deal with every possible scenario. And they say they're making progress. At the same time, they admit that none of this is 100 percent risk-free.","Anthony, may I ask, how are you?","I feel good enough. I don't feel eradiated. I was wrapped from head to toe in protective gear, including three layers of gloves, a suit, a face mask, a respirator and a dosimeter, which measures radiation. It was uncomfortable, but I was only in there for a couple of hours. And then I came out. They scanned me numerous times. And at the end of the day, TEPCO's judgment was that I had absorbed about as much radiation as a chest X-ray. But who's to say?","NPR's Anthony Kuhn in Tokyo. Thanks so much for being with us, Anthony."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"I feel good enough. I don't feel irradiated.\" Implicated Meaning: The speaker states that they feel physically fine and unaffected by radiation exposure, implying that they may not be fully aware of the potential long-term effects or the accuracy of the assessment.","questions":"How was the speaker protected from radiation exposure?","answer":"Protective"}
{"text":["Nick Vlahos, the Peoria Journal Star columnist, points out that in 2015, ConAgra Foods moved its headquarters from Omaha to Chicago. He thinks many executives of what's become a world agricultural industry jet around the globe and just want to live somewhere else, he wrote this week. How are you going to keep them down on the farm after they've seen Kuala Lumpur?","Caterpillar will continue to employ about 12,000 people in Peoria, although Nick Vlahos asks, after all the happy horse pucks the company has propagated about its commitment to Peoria, does anybody believe that?But 300 people, executives and support staff will leave town. In one stroke, Peoria will lose many of the people who help enrich a city's institutions.","I hope Caterpillar's executives will enjoy Chicago's many museums, theaters, symphonies, ballets, sports teams and restaurants in all of the flavors of the world. But who will now buy box seats to cheer the Peoria Chiefs or support the Peoria Symphony - now in the middle of its season - the Peoria Children's Museum, the Corn Stalk Summer Theatre, the Peoria Zoo, the Players Theater - now performing \"Into The Woods\" - and the Peoria Riverfront Museum and its huge glass tank filled with silvery striper, trout, walleye and channel catfish from the Illinois River?","(Singing) Yes, I'm proud to live in Peoria."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : s implying that the executives leaving Peoria will not be supporting the city's institutions; ","questions":"Which city's institutions will the executives leaving Peoria not be supporting?","answer":"Peoria"}
{"text":["I think that's true.","Yeah. I mean, what do you see in your practice, in your work?Since you are counseling people, do you see people who have kind of, like, these cross addictions that intersect with the technology?","Yeah. We have an outpatient program called No More Secrets, which is for sex addicts, and these sex addicts all are using the Internet to play out their addiction. And there are many people who are really joining their ranks just because of the availability now of pornography through, you know, their online connection.","So, I think it's - I think more people are getting hooked on activities that they might avoid if it was not so accessible. And gambling certainly is part of it, the chatting, video gaming, pornography, all of these things that are - online shopping would be another one. These things are made so easy by the availability, accessibility, anonymity of the experience, that I think more and more people are drawn in, and people who might not be drawn in to overindulging, if it were not for the Internet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The availability of technology is causing more people to become addicted to activities they might avoid.","questions":"What outpatient program is mentioned for sex addicts in the dialogue?","answer":"NoMoreSecrets"}
{"text":["I think we're all thinking about it and working on it, but I just wonder if, you know, do you think that the defendants who've come in to your courtroom have a sufficient social network so that they see other people doing better or improving their lives so that they can even have anything to pattern it on?","Absolutely. And I think that's a huge part of the problem. And what I would do, in my court, I had a program for men and a program for women because, even if I spark something in you with what I say, you're going to go back into an environment where everybody's telling you something else. And I don't have the ability, that constant contact.","So, what I think is, at least, a part of the solution is, when we do something, to take a small group and to stay with them. I stayed with a group of girls for a year at a time for over a decade, and I did see two or three people who called me a couple of years later, Judge, I just want to tell you how well I am doing.","It's not a great answer. It's not the answer everybody wants to hear because it's not a panacea, and it's work intensive while the success rate is low, but I think it's what has to be done."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It implies that no matter the impact of the program the society will still change those impacts.","questions":"Which impact is the speaker implying will be affected by society?","answer":"Change"}
{"text":["Mr.  Jones\u2026","Yes?","\u2026when you think about the issues of justice and in - for so long, we as African-Americans have and many of us have debated what does justice mean in this life, what does justice mean in the next life, do you think that there is racial justice?Do you think that there will be racial justice on this Earth?","Yes, I do. I believe that we are at a profound transition point. Martin King would say today, there's no way we can make the transition to the 21st century unless we leave the baggage of slavery and racism behind.","And I think to talk about current events, I think that he would both be disappointed and appalled in what's going on in the political discourse. He would be disappointed because when the Senator Obama is criticized in the speech he gave in Philadelphia, Martin would say, well, hold on, America seems to be deeply afflicted by amnesia about how it cheated these African-American people over the past 20th century.","But I think he'd applaud the fact that Senator Obama did what should have been done earlier and needs to be done. You see what Senator Obama did, he walked into the national living room of America and acknowledged and then talked to the 800-pound gorilla of race relations that everybody knew was sitting in there for the 20th century."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is asking if the listener believes in racial justice and if it is possible to achieve it. The speaker suggests that African-Americans have debated this issue for a long time, indicating that it is a complex issue.","questions":"Which issue have African-Americans debated for a long time?","answer":"Racial"}
{"text":["The United Nations World Food Programme has to cut back on the food that it gives out to some of the most imperiled people in the world. In Ethiopia, for example, it's had to lower the daily calorie intake for hundreds of thousands of refugees that it feeds in the camps there. Now, this is partly due to funding shortfalls, but there is also a growing need for food aid as the globe's conflicts continue. Peter Smerdon joins us now from Nairobi. He's the spokesperson for the World Food Programme in East Africa. Mr.  Smerdon, thanks for being with us.","My pleasure.","What kind of hard decisions do to the folks in your program have to make?","Basically, when we haven't got enough money, we have to decide who's not going to get food. And most of the people we serve are dependent on the United Nations World Food Programme for their food needs - in many cases, 100 percent because either they fled countries in conflict, and they have absolutely no money, no jobs and no assets left or because they're refugees, and they are confined to camps. They are not allowed to work. And they have no money, either."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"What kind of hard decisions do the folks in your program have to make?\"  The actual meaning implied in this turn is: \"What difficult choices or determinations do the people involved in your program have to make?\"","questions":"How do funding shortfalls affect the food aid provided by the World Food Programme?","answer":"Food"}
{"text":["What's the latest this morning, Jennifer?","Well, at the scene of the attack, they are cleaning up. The walls and the floor are covered in blood. The tables and chairs have been pushed aside to get to those dead and wounded. We didn't even get a death toll until this morning. That attack happened on Saturday night at a crowded wedding hall, more than a thousand guests there. Right now, we have families burying their dead, including 14 members of one family alone, so a pretty devastating attack here in Kabul.","And the Islamic State claimed that it carried out the attack, right?","It did claim that it carried out the attack, and it named the bomber as well. This is a group that has targeted the minority Hazara, mainly Shia Hazara, community again and again, and this was another instance of that. It claimed that it sent the suicide bomber into the wedding hall."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The walls and floors have a great deal of blood on them but are not covered.","questions":"What was pushed aside at the scene of the attack?","answer":"tablesandchairs"}
{"text":["That's the problem we have when trying to operator motors on Mars when it's quite cold. And so we just - what we use is we use heaters. And we have little electrical heaters that a few hours before we want to drive or turn the science cameras, for example, we turn on heaters, we heat them up to the point where they're relatively warm, warm enough to operate, and then we're able to go ahead with the science observations.","You've obviously lived in Alaska or Minnesota if you know what a heater is on your car.","Exactly. Born in North Dakota, so yeah, I should know.","So of course you would have thought of that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This implies that the cold nature of Mars requires that some of the equipment be heated to some level before they can be used for science observation.","questions":"How do they prepare the equipment for science observation on Mars?","answer":"heaters"}
{"text":["Right, I mean, this is going to be the very difficult point that they're going to have to get together with his younger brother and figure that out. I mean, this looks much more like it's going to be something about Islamic radicalization, as opposed to Chechen - sort of nationalism.","And I think when this first happened, we've never had Chechens do this in this country, so everybody assumes it has to do with that. What will be interesting is to see if he was radicalized on the Internet, if he was radicalized during trips to Russia - the older brother did travel to Russia reasonably often; the younger brother didn't - and how that evolution came about.","We will want to know if there were contacts there. The Russians - have they been helpful, in the past?Are they likely to be helpful, in this case?","It's unclear. I would suspect that they're likely to be helpful in this case because they've been making a case that Chechens are very dangerous, and that's why they do what they do in Chechnya. But it's. . .","Which is a very hard line of - some would say brutal repression."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The Russian's stance on Chechen terrorism is perceived as brutal repression","questions":"How is the Russian approach towards Chechen terrorism perceived?","answer":"good"}
{"text":["Reptilian, exactly, and now we know that many species of dinosaurs had feathers or simple filaments that seem to be feather precursors in some cases.","Do your findings come from the relatively recent discovery that some dinosaurs had feathers?Is this sort of, like, the next step?","We are sort of taking the next. In the last 10 years, we've discovered that we can gain insight into the colors of dinosaurs and how they may have used visual signals in important contexts. And so what we wanted to ask is, can we gain insight into the vocal communication that extinct dinosaurs might have had?","Well, so what's next for you in your research?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The research has advanced to the point where we can now explore the possibilities of what vocal communication extinct dinosaurs might have had.","questions":"What aspect of extinct dinosaurs' abilities is the research now exploring?","answer":"abilities"}
{"text":["In the U. S. , the Federal Reserve decided on Wednesday to wind down its quantitative easing, and keep short-term interest rates near zero. If that last sentence made your head spin, don't worry - there's a computer game for that. Actually, a whole slew of them.","They're games created by central banks, from the ECB in Frankfurt to the Cleveland Federal Reserve. And, as you might tell from that theme music, they are not quite \"Grand Theft Auto. \"Jason Karaian reviewed a few of these games for the online business news outlet Quartz. He joins us from the BBC in London. Mr.  Karaian, thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me.","We heard the theme music to a game I believe is called \"Economia. \""],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They're games created by central banks, from the ECB in Frankfurt to the Cleveland Federal Reserve. And, as you might tell from that theme music, they are not quite 'Grand Theft Auto.'\" The literal meaning states that the games mentioned are not similar to the popular video game \"Grand Theft Auto.\" The implied meaning is that the central bank-created games are not action-packed or focused on violence like \"Grand Theft Auto.\" Instead, they serve a different purpose and have a different gameplay experience.","questions":"What is the name of the game with theme music mentioned by B?","answer":"Economia"}
{"text":["Rabbi, how are you and the other people doing this profound work doing, feeling, thinking about?","Well, I cannot speak for anyone else. I can only answer you the same answer I've given everyone since Saturday night when they've asked how I'm doing. And the answer is, ask me in a few days. And I'll try to figure it out. Right now I'm not - I'm focused on what I and others - there's so many people working day and night on this issue and on other communal issues. It's inspiring to see. But right now I haven't even allowed myself to cry because if I do, I will fall apart. And I will not be able to do what has to be done. As the days go by, it's getting harder and harder for me to push those tears back. So I'm going to probably need a corner soon just to fall apart in. But right now we have work to do.","At some point, Rabbi Wasserman, that synagogue becomes a place of worship once again. Will that be difficult for you?","Well, that's not my synagogue. I'm the rabbi at one of the other synagogues."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  by person A is different from its literal meaning. While the words used in the turn are clear, the intended meaning is metaphorical. Person A is saying that they are emotionally overwhelmed but are trying to maintain their composure to continue doing the necessary work. The phrase \"fall apart\" is not meant to be taken literally, but rather as a figurative expression for losing control or breaking down emotionally.","questions":"What does \"fall apart\" mean in turn 1?","answer":"Emotionally"}
{"text":["Well, there's a big argument in the United States about this. There's one group of folks who think that engagement policy failed. We engaged with China from 1979 until about 2013 when Xi Jinping came into power. And the idea of engagement was that coevolution was in the American interest as well as in China's interest. And you could bring China along to be a responsible player to some degree.","Many hardliners in the United States government - and outside and including in the expert community - now claim that engagement was a sucker's game and that we have raised up a tiger which could now devour us. But there are different schools of thought about this, and many of us think that we still need to engage with China, albeit more strategically.","That image of raising a tiger that will devour us is very dramatic. Is that what we're talking about here?I mean, like, one or the other will triumph?","I don't think so. I'm actually borrowing from a Chinese phrase - (speaking Chinese) - you don't want to raise up a baby tiger because it grows up. But again, there are people like Steve Bannon and the Committee for the Present Danger: China, which now claim that China is an existential threat to the United States. And they're also claiming that the United States cannot coexist with the Chinese Communist Party, despite the fact that we've been doing so at least since 1949."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The situation is not necessarily an 'either\/or' between China and the United States.","questions":"Which phrase is borrowed from a Chinese phrase by A?","answer":"Chinese"}
{"text":["(Laughter) You know, initially, these started as two separate essays - an essay about pregnancy and an essay about my eating disorder that I had been trying to write for 15 years. And, you know, on one level, there was, you know, a very physical experience of stepping on the scale at my doctor's office and thinking, oh, this is the first time I've wanted the scale to read higher, and remembering back to this secret scale in my closet in college and how I would go in obsessively and religiously and just want the number to be lower and lower and thinking, what's the difference between that self then and this self now?","But it was also important to say, I think we can get really attached to these conversion narratives of self to say, I was this way back then, and I've gone 180 degrees, and I'm a totally different self now; I've left that old self behind. But I don't think that's how it works. I don't think we leave our old selves behind. I think we have to reckon with them. And this essay is also me reckoning with the ways that I've changed and with the ways that the ghosts of the old selves and the old fixations are still there, too.","Leslie Jamison, thank you so much for your time.","Thank you so much for your questions and for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They would go in every day without fail to weigh themself.","questions":"How frequently did the person weigh themselves in college?","answer":"every"}
{"text":["They are of course big spenders, but at the same time there are so many different kinds of collections as there are collections. Some collectors are happy, some are tormented. Some buy very little, while others can't help themselves. Why do people collect?Well, I once interviewed the great art historian Kenneth Clark and he once said that it's like asking why we fall in love. The reasons are quite so different. And it's very true.","Forgive a couple of stereotypes but are there a lot of Saudi princes or Russian billionaires on this list?","I haven't counted them all. One of my favorites is not Saudi and not a Russian prince. Let's call him Mr.  D.  He collects impressionist paintings and a good friend of mine was at his mansion not too long ago and the collector said before you look at them I just have to switch something on. And when he was exactly about five feet away from the Monet the sound system was activated and the room was abruptly flooded with Debussy.","Debussy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A: \"Why do people collect? Well, I once interviewed the great art historian Kenneth Clark and he once said that it's like asking why we fall in love.\" - The speaker is suggesting that the reasons why people collect things are complex and varied, and cannot be easily explained or generalized.","questions":"What did Kenneth Clark compare collecting to?","answer":"Love"}
{"text":["Stocks in two major computer chip companies - Qualcomm and Broadcom, two major ones - were down 6% today. Google dropped 2%. And this was after Google said it would stop supporting Android devices for phones made by Huawei because the company was on the Commerce Department's blacklist. Google is a major software provider for Huawei. And if these restrictions went on for months, Google could take a beating.","Correct me if I'm wrong here, Jackie, but didn't the U. S.  back off last year in a somewhat similar way shortly after blacklisting another Chinese telecom company?","That's right. It was a company called ZTE, and they were on the blacklist. And it went on for a while. And they were on the verge of bankruptcy. And this is a major Chinese corporation - almost went bust until the Trump administration reversed that decision and allowed U. S.  companies to supply it again. So it's the same sort of scenario. But, Mary Louise, the Trump administration has been tightening the screws on Huawei for months now in part because it has links to the Chinese government.","And U. S.  intelligence agencies believe Huawei could use its equipment to spy on the U. S.  and its allies. The administration asked Canada to arrest and extradite one of Huawei's senior officials. And administration officials have been fanning out across the world asking allies, pressuring allies not to use Huawei equipment. So up until now, it's been a full-court press by the administration to contain the company."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Trump administration is tightening restrictions on Huawei because of its links to the Chinese government.","questions":"How is Huawei being impacted by the Trump administration's restrictions?","answer":"Impacted"}
{"text":["President Bush, of course, has visited Africa. President Clinton made overtures to Africa. What are your hopes and fears, not just for an Obama presidency, but for the next American president in dealing, not just with Kenya, but with the continent?","Well perhaps, of course, I think the main - one of the main issues that needs to be tackled is the issue of poverty in relation to aid. And you know, there has been a lot of controversy in the past about how the Western world, including the United States, deals with Africa when they're dealing with issues such as poverty and provision of aid to the various countries.","Another issue is, of course, HIV\/AIDS. This has been a big discussion point around the continent, and I think a number of people who are related in various sectors dealing with HIV\/AIDS may want to see perhaps a different perspective in terms of how this issue is dealt with by the United States in regards to assisting the people on the continent deal with this issue. But perhaps, out of all those I think what would stand out is the issue of poverty and HIV\/AIDS.","And one other thing I should note as well, is when we're talking about climate change, United States has come up in various discussions, I have noted. You know, there's been some indication that, perhaps, the United States is not as keenly interested in dealing with this issue. So maybe a number of government leaders as well might want to see the United States playing a bigger role in trying to deal with climate change around the world."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to be tackled in this context means to do something first before anything else","questions":"What is the main issue that needs to be tackled in relation to aid according to \"A\"?","answer":"Poverty"}
{"text":["Well, let's put it this way - if we don't fight, we will lose everything. We will lose the rule of law. We will lose the human right. We will lose the way of life that we're used to. We will lose, you know, the freedom we have. But if we fight, that might - you know, there may be a chance. There may be a miracle.","What specifically do you want that you think the government could conceivably deliver?","Well, it's not me want. I think Hong Kong people, after more than three month resistance and facing the police violence, we know that if we don't fight, we will always be under attacked and under encroachment on our freedom.","What do you want from the United States?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : what do you want from the US that implies they want freedom from the other country","questions":"What country does the implied want for freedom in turn 2 refer to?","answer":"China"}
{"text":["You know, let's come back to the Large Hadron Collider because if you talk about things, if you talk about this theme, there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the other one that you know well is the prediction from string theory and similar theories that there are extra dimensions. And one of the ways to look for things like extra dimensions or shadow universes is to look for the leakage of material from our universe into their universe.","And let me use the LHC. One way to look for evidence of extra dimensions would be to carefully look at collisions that take place at the Large Hadron Collider and look for some of the energy to disappear. And what's interesting about that technique is when I put there's - when I say there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the top of my list would be neutrinos, and we now know neutrinos exist. We can't see them with the eye, but we can build detectors to detect them. And the original evidence for the neutrino was missing energy in beta decays that were observed in the early part of the last century and then poly-hypothesize this particle, the neutrino. And eventually, we built detectors that were sensitive enough. So this technique of looking for energy leaking out of our universe going elsewhere is a very powerful technique for looking for things that we can't see.","Michael Turner, a pleasure as always to come have you come on and explain this stuff to us. Thanks a lot, Michael.","Glad to be on."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  the speaker is discussing the possibility of extra dimensions and shadow universes, and how we can look for evidence of them at the Large Hadron Collider by observing the disappearance of energy. The actual meaning is not just about staying silent or not making noise, but rather exploring the concept of extra dimensions and the technique of observing energy leakage.","questions":"Which technique is a powerful way of looking for things that we can't see?","answer":"Leakage"}
{"text":["Reptilian, exactly, and now we know that many species of dinosaurs had feathers or simple filaments that seem to be feather precursors in some cases.","Do your findings come from the relatively recent discovery that some dinosaurs had feathers?Is this sort of, like, the next step?","We are sort of taking the next. In the last 10 years, we've discovered that we can gain insight into the colors of dinosaurs and how they may have used visual signals in important contexts. And so what we wanted to ask is, can we gain insight into the vocal communication that extinct dinosaurs might have had?","Well, so what's next for you in your research?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The research has advanced to the point where we can now explore the possibilities of what vocal communication extinct dinosaurs might have had.","questions":"Which aspect of extinct dinosaurs' communication is being explored in the research?","answer":"communication"}
{"text":["Yeah. And we owe a debt of gratitude, also, to Roger Hangarter of Indiana University, who gave us some other time-lapse of other plant motions. Because I started looking into this, and, you know, even the tulips in your vase are moving around if you speed up time. Their leaves are flopping. He told me this amazing story about sunflowers that I never knew. The reason that they are called that is that they actually orient towards the sun throughout the day. Their leaves do. So they start facing east and then end up facing west.","They have the ultimate solar panels.","That's totally right.","They figured out how to actually how to move with the sun. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Sunflowers have the ability to move with the sun.","questions":"How do sunflowers move?","answer":"Orient"}
{"text":["Yeah. Let me ask, I would think, Sana, that - you've already mentioned that you were surprised that a number of these people were not angry or did not harbor bitterness about having been born to parents who were slaves. But what else was it about them, if there was a thread that seemed to tie them together?","Their parents raised them with hope, the idea that I want your life to be better than mine. And though things aren't the way we were promised, right, with emancipation. Things aren't the way they were promised, that one day they will be, and you'll be ready for it.","You also described them in the book as having immigrant-like expectations. Explain what you meant.","There was this genuine commitment to want to believe in the future, which is phenomenal to think about. There was this belief that everything that happened to me is over. The worst is behind after the Civil War, and I am going to go out and seek a new life in freedom, right?So everything, all of my hopes and dreams, I am going to give that back to the country. There was a genuine commitment to reinvest in the building of what was to be a new America.","Was it a patriotism?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Conditional. As we noted in chapter 1, there are sentences of a natural language, like English, that are not atomic sentences. Our examples included.","questions":"What type of sentences did chapter 1 note are not atomic sentences?","answer":"Conditional"}
{"text":["Yesterday, in a letter to Congress, Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said that significant uncertainty now exists with regard to unresolved tax and spending policies for 2013, but we didn't really need Timothy Geithner to tell us that. Ron Elving is with us. He's NPR's senior Washington editor, and he joins me here in Studio 3A to help us make sense of what's happening in Washington as this deadline looms closer like a shadow approaching. Right, Ron?Welcome back to TALK OF THE NATION.","Good to be with you, Celeste.","Explain to me what's going on 'cause, first, we heard there may be a proposal from the president, then we heard there's no proposal from the president. Where do the negotiations stand?","The Senate is here. The president is here. They appear to be talking. The president was on the phone before he left Hawaii with the Republican and Democratic leaders of both the House and Senate. And apparently in one of the conversations that he had, either last night or after he got back here today, he intimated in some way to the Republican leader in the Senate - now, of course he's the minority leader in the Senate, as the Republicans are under 50 percent in that body - and Mitch McConnell got the message one way or another that the president was going to put something new on the table later on today. And so his people came out and told all the reporters on Capitol Hill, we're getting something from the president today, stay tuned."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The president will propose something new later today","questions":"How will the president respond?","answer":"Propose"}
{"text":["Let's clear this up immediately: blonde, lithe, the initials V. P. So, is Vanessa Pierson Valerie Plame?","The great thing about fiction is that you can fix things and make things better. I think Vanessa is a smarter version of where I was. And it's definitely informed by my experiences in the CIA.","Well, that raises another question. So, did you take some top-secret operation and just thinly fictionalize it to this book and, you know, are. . .",". . . are there Russian agents reading this now and saying, oh, this is what we were looking for?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : .are there Russian agents reading this now and saying, oh, this is what we were looking for? The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking if the Russian agents might recognize the source of the fictional book, and whether they might say \"this is what we were looking for\".","questions":"Which country's agents are potentially responding positively to the fictional book mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Russian"}
{"text":["Well, as we often say in cosmology or theoretical physics, that idea might be crazy enough to be true.","How would it work?","Well, the idea that is talked about in this paper is that there's kind of a parallel universe out there with very similar laws of physics to ours, but it only communicates with our universe by a very feeble interaction. So it's almost invisible. So it could be occupying the same space. But without very sensitive experiments, we cannot perceive that. And this paper talks about such an experiment done at a laboratory in Grenoble, France, where they bottle neutrons. They bottled about a half million neutrons in an ultracold neutron trap, and they monitored them for about five minutes, and they see some of them disappear.","And the idea is that they could be leaking into this parallel universe?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is that B is asking if the neutrons could be physically leaking into another universe. However, the implied meaning is that B is asking if the neutrons could be disappearing because they are interacting with the parallel universe proposed in the paper mentioned by A. This implies that the parallel universe is not a physical location that can be entered or exited, but rather a theoretical construct that can only be detected through indirect means.","questions":"What is the implied nature of the parallel universe mentioned in the paper discussed by PersonA and B?","answer":"Theoretical"}
{"text":["Absolutely. Marine Le Pen did very well. That was expected. It wasn't a huge shock. She got about 24% of the vote. Macron avoided disaster. He personally invested in the campaign. He got about 22%, so came in, you know, second. But it was clearly a rebuke - a rebuke to him. And the - you know, the top person in Marine Le Pen's party lists said, the president - he turned this vote into a plebiscite, and he got his answer. The people are against him and his policies.","That is NPR's Eleanor Beardsley in Paris.","Eleanor, thanks so much.","Michel, good to be with you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Macron did not do well in the election.","questions":"How did Macron perform in the election?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Next week, hundreds of thousands of students, armed with number two pencils. . .",". . . will sit down to take the SAT. An important section of the college entrance test is the essay portion. And students have just 25 minutes to write it. Anne Ruggles Gere, who oversees the writing program at the University of Michigan, is not a fan of the essay section. She says that high schools now teach to the test and as a result encourage a generation of bad writers. We spoke with Professor Gere, who was in the studios of WUOM in Ann Arbor, and we asked her how the SAT encourages sloppy prose.","I think that it does it in several ways. Because when you're writing in only 25 minutes, you don't have time to develop a clear, complex idea. You don't have time to think about an audience. It makes students think of writing in the most simplistic, reductive ways. It emphasizes length of writing. It emphasizes use big words and be sure to follow a very simple formula.","So, the students will use it as an opportunity to use the word sesquipedalian over and over or show off their vocabulary and stuff?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Pencils are not an actual weapon, unless they are used to write things against the system. ","questions":"Which word emphasizes the importance of complex ideas in writing according to Professor Gere?","answer":"Clear"}
{"text":["The president elect will need to pick someone else to become commerce secretary. New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson took himself out of the running because of an investigation into how some of his donors won a lucrative contract. How serious a problem is this withdrawal for the Obama transition team?","Much less of a problem than they would have had had some of this come to light or if the seriousness of this grand jury investigation and the length of it had come to light after Bill Richardson had become secretary of commerce. So it's much easier to replace someone who is an appointee than someone who's already in the job, and there are a number of other people, quite a long list, many of them quite distinguished, who can step into this role, and I suspect we'll see a name this week.","Ron, let's turn now to the Senate. Roland Burris of Illinois, who was tapped by Rod Blagojevich, says he'll show up at the Senate door even though Senate leaders have said they won't seat him. So what's going to happen there?","At midday on Tuesday, unless something is worked out in advance, Roland Burris will come and attempt to present his credentials to the Senate to be seated along with the other new members who have just been elected in the November elections and some appointees since then."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The withdrawal of Bill Richardson is not a big problem for Obama transition team because they can easily replace him with a number of distinguished people.","questions":"Which position does Bill Richardson no longer want?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["If that works for them - you know, Rick Barry obviously had a lot of success with that.","Yeah.","But it's definitely, I think, probably more difficult. But if you can master that, then do what you please. But it's definitely been easy for me shooting overhand.","Yeah. You do have two more years to break your own record, you know?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Shooting overhand is easier for me than underhand.","questions":"What is easier for PersonA than shooting underhand?","answer":"Overhand"}
{"text":["I mean, your site gets something like seven million visitors a month?","Yeah.","Wow.","So that, that audience helps too, having those people, you know, kind of at bay, you know, willing to sort of jump in at, like, my command and help out when necessary. And like I said before, a lot of those people who read my site are also Tesla fans, so that's sort of a double reason for them to be willing to commit to a campaign like this."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The audience of the website is willing to help out with the campaign.","questions":"Which campaign?","answer":"Campaign"}
{"text":["U3 is the classic headline number. What is the total unemployment as most people commonly understand it?It's a somewhat narrow definition of unemployment, and there are actually much broader definitions of unemployment.","So, tell us about those. There's one called the U6, I understand.","Well, U4, U5, U6 and they are all subsets of - each one is the previous one plus another group of unemployed. So, to go from U3 to U4, we add a group of people called discouraged workers. These are people who have given up looking for jobs even though they want a job. Then there's a different group called the marginally-attached worker, and that's somebody who isn't looking for a job but wants one. And there's another group of people who are working part time, but want a full-time job, but can't find them. If you take the broadest measure, the U6 measure of unemployment, we're talking about 11. 8 percent, and those are numbers similar to what we saw in the 1970s. That's an ugly unemployment number.","Well, why doesn't the government count that number or use that number when reporting these numbers?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are broader definitions of unemployment beyond U3.","questions":"Which is the group of unemployed people that U4 adds to U3?","answer":"shopping"}
{"text":["That's a long drive.","It is. Yeah. Two days.","So was there poker - what happens in those buses on that long trip?","You know, I'm afraid to tell you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The drive is tiring and they may not want to make it.","questions":"How would they describe the drive?","answer":"Long"}
{"text":["It could be any number of things, Scott. It - there was a sidebar that, as you know, was sealed. In other words, the conversation was not made public. Could be something related to a witness scheduling issue. It could be something related to an issue that the government and the defense jointly need to work out. Could be any number of things.","I raise this because, of course, the judge has gotten a lot of attention for being tough on the prosecution. He even apologized for being too sharp. You've appeared before Judge Ellis.","Many times.","Is he crankery and colorful, or does he cross the line?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The conversation was private and sealed, so it's unclear what was discussed.","questions":"Which adjective describes Judge Ellis's behavior according to B?","answer":"Sharp"}
{"text":["Well, how did they react to you as a person?I mean, you're a glamorous Los Angelina, and so what did they think when you showed up?","I think that it's interesting, because I was in a program called Cross-cultural Solutions, where they send volunteers to different areas. I was the first African-American that had been at this school. So I think they were confused. I mean, and these people in the town, they were just like are you from Ghana?Or are you Yabo(ph)?Yabo is a foreigner, and most likely, more than usually, a white foreigner. But I had a couple of people call me Yabo.","But they would sort of ask like where are you from, and one of the program's administrators would have to explain, she's an ancestor of Africans, and then they would say, oh, okay. So it was definitely some confusing sort of looks that I got.","But the kids were - you know, kids are very, you know, easy to sort of get along with. These kids were, you know, absolutely adorable. They didn't understand what I was saying a lot of the time, but they really connected to me. I mean, I would bring bubbles and jumping ropes and stuff like that, stuff that they had never seen before. So, you know, I was quite popular at the school, I have to say. I mean, particularly with my bubbles, that brought even the junior-high-school kids out\u2026","Oh, I'm sure."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The person being referred to was well-liked by the school kids for bringing unique items.","questions":"What made the person popular among the school kids?","answer":"Bubbles"}
{"text":["Unlike other more indigenous groups to Afghanistan - like the Taliban, which generally tries not to kill civilians, at least as much as possible - ISIS in Afghanistan has done exactly the opposite. Much like their brethren in Iraq and Syria, anybody is game.","How big a threat are they?Have they eclipsed the Taliban?","Well, I think one has to put ISIS in Afghanistan into perspective. They are not a populist movement. They don't have a large support base either among Afghans or a large number of fighters. U. S.  estimates are down in the 2-to-3,000 realm, which is an order of magnitude lower than the Taliban. But what they're willing to do is to conduct high-profile attacks against Afghan and international targets in cities like Jalalabad and Kabul. And that makes them certainly a threat, but it doesn't make them a threat to overthrow the Kabul regime.","Is there coordination between the Taliban, or are they rivals?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : ISIS in Afghanistan kills civilians unlike the Taliban","questions":"How does ISIS in Afghanistan differ from the Taliban in terms of killing civilians?","answer":"Kills"}
{"text":["Right. As far as I could tell, it wasn't so much derogatory as he wanted to create a mental picture to the listeners, you know, on radio, to say, OK, it was created in one big bang and so on.","And so what was his big blunder?","So the big blunder was - so he came up with a theory that was - that the universe is in a steady state. Namely the universe is always the same. It always was the same and always will be the same. And - but he also knew that the universe is expanding. So for the universe to stay the same, for example, for the density of matter to not change, he had to create matter in the universe. Because as the universe was getting larger, he had to have new matter there for the density to stay the same.","So this in itself was not a blunder. When he suggested this, it was a beautiful idea because, you know, we say the universe is the same everywhere and in every direction. And he wanted to add to that and that every time. So that, you know, sounded very elegant.","The blunder was that after about 15 years, when evidence started accumulating that this is really not the way the universe behaves but in fact the universe does evolve and change, he stubbornly refused to accept that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The theory he came up with wasn't derogatory.","questions":"Which theory?","answer":"HIV"}
{"text":["No, he's not. He's a career CBP official. He was already in place when the Trump administration came in. He's not known as an immigration hardliner. As a matter of fact, he's told the Senate that he thought the United States should support governments in Central America to improve economic opportunities there - in other words, to take away the motivation for people to flee. He's also talked about asylum-seekers as vulnerable families, not as scam artists. Sometimes the president describes them that way. But he's not going to have a lot of say in policy. That comes from Trump and his inner-circle of advisers at the White House, particularly Stephen Miller, who has the loudest voice on immigration. . .","Yeah.",". . . Inside the White House.","Now, a lot of people are noticing that McAleenan will be the third acting secretary running a major cabinet department. Interior and Defense are also being run by acting secretaries. And I'm not even including the scores of lower-level acting officials in this administration. Is this as unusual as it seems?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) - This is used as a response to show agreement with the speaker.","questions":"What is Stephen Miller's role in shaping immigration policy in the White House?","answer":"Adviser"}
{"text":["Sure. I'm glad you mention that. So that is coming through subpoenas to the reporters to reveal the names of their sources. So it's not a direct prosecution of those reporters. But they are - you know, as you mentioned with Judith Miller, it can amount to jail time if the reporter refuses to testify.","So what's happening is that they are being called to testify in the case against the leakers. And when they refuse to do so, they're in contempt of court, and they may face jail time.","That's exactly right. And that is much more acceptable. I should add that under Attorney General Holder - after the James Risen subpoena where James Risen was told he had to testify and refused, the U. S.  government did not push him to testify. They obtained a conviction anyway, and Holder shortly thereafter announced that, under his watch, no reporter would go to jail for doing his job. It remains to be seen whether that same policy would be in place under the Sessions Department of Justice. Everything he's said indicates that he will not follow that policy.","Meaning that he and the Trump administration may indeed prosecute journalists. We've heard Trump himself and other Republicans raising the possibility of prosecuting journalists. Do you think that there is - that that is a possibility?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There is a possibility that the Trump administration may prosecute journalists.","questions":"Which administration may prosecute journalists?","answer":"Trump"}
{"text":["Mike Dunleavy like, drained, I think, a dozen three-pointers, if I'm not mistaken.","At least, yeah. And the Blazers lost to Houston 121 to 116 in overtime - not to move on to Portland too quickly here. What's going on?Strange and spreading malady in these playoffs, Scott. Road teams are winning at a stunning rate. In the first week of the postseason, road teams won 12 of the 22 games. Now remember, teams are clawing for much of the regular season - clawing to win games in order to give them the home-court advantage in the playoffs.","The psychology of playing in front of your own cheering fans, the comfort and routine of home - it's supposed to make winning in the postseason more likely. So far, not the case.","And why not?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using understatement or exaggeration to convey a message, often to emphasize a point or to add humor to a situation.","questions":"How did the speaker use language to convey their message?","answer":"Language"}
{"text":["You've been working, as we mentioned, on the Voyager mission since its genesis. What has kept you with this program all that time?","Voyager - well, Voyager is science. Science is about discovering things, about understanding what's around - what our neighborhood is like, what the universe is like. So as a scientist, this has been a wonderful journey because, especially during the encounters with the giant planets, every day there were a flood of discoveries. Next day - more discoveries. So as a scientist, this has been an incredibly wonderful mission to have been on. And even today at great distances, Voyager is still doing things no spacecraft has done before and still presenting us with puzzles that we are trying to sort through.","They are still on a voyage. Where are they now?","Well, this was a mission - we had a four-year mission to Jupiter and Saturn. We had two spacecrafts so that we would have a high probability of at least one succeeding on its four-year journey to Saturn and, of course, both have succeeded and exceeded by a great amount."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Voyager is science.\" - actual meaning: Voyager is a scientific mission that involves discovering and understanding the universe.","questions":"Which mission has been presenting scientists with puzzles they are still trying to sort through?","answer":"Voyager"}
{"text":["Well, there was a plant in our area a few years back that was trying to make a point to the importance of their plant in the community, and they did a payroll in cash and stamped their name on all the money. And I wasn't trying to show how important my business is to the town, but I wanted people to recognize what was going on, and I decided the $2 bills was just as effective a way. So we passed out the money. I had to call a meeting, and I don't call many meeting so my employees sort of went into panic mode. I think their imaginations were running away, so they were definitely shocked when we had the meeting and they got their $2 bills, and they went to town shopping with a vengeance.","Well, yeah, I mean, I think most employees dread those meetings these days, that they're actually going to get laid off or fired. . .","Well, they. . .","Instead of getting money."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There was a factory in the area, not an actual plant that grows from the ground.","questions":"What was the plant that was mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Factory"}
{"text":["Those same streaks are in Europe. We're seeing people who are rebelling against the European Union, the open market, the open borders, who are rebelling against migration and refugees and who have lost out or feel that they have lost out on globalization and trade and are now opposing trade. So the same phenomenon we see here in the United States you also see in Europe. And in that sense, we are having a crisis that really affects Western liberal democracies writ large.","I wonder what you'd say, Mr. Ambassador, to a citizen of Belgium or France who might say now a united Europe is just too bureaucratic and too centralized to protect its population.","Well, I think that is a sentiment you are hearing increasingly in places like Belgium and France that - the problem is that the threat is not just from without but it is also from within. Belgian citizens, people born in Belgium, blew up the metro station and airport, where French citizens born in France who blew up the concert hall and stadium in - last November.","That threat needs to be dealt with not only by the countries themselves but can more effectively be dealt with by the Europeans coming together, sharing intelligence, which is not what they're doing right now, protecting their external borders much better than they have been able to do, rather than each individually trying to deal with this challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"And in that sense, we are having a crisis that really affects Western liberal democracies writ large.\"  The actual meaning implied here is that the crisis being discussed is not limited to a specific country or region but has a broader impact on Western liberal democracies as a whole. It suggests that the crisis is significant and far-reaching.","questions":"How does the crisis affect Western liberal democracies?","answer":"Broadly"}
{"text":["Oh, I think these were real friendships. It is pretty clear that Mr.  Epstein and Mr.  Trump socialized in the same circles. And it is quite clear that Mr.  Clinton spent a lot of time on Jeffrey Epstein's private jet, found his way to Epstein's private island. And that doesn't necessarily mean that anything illegal or improper took place.","But those were friendships. This was not people meeting each other in a greeting line. They spent a certain amount of time together as social acquaintances and friends, and so, for that matter, did many other people. His political contributions have been mostly on the Democratic side, but they tapered off or stopped completely when he found himself in hot water in South Florida.","How did Jeffrey Epstein's political profile influence his prosecution?Are these the questions that are being raised now?","They are being raised now. And I think, rather than it being his political profile, I think it was mostly a case of him having money to burn and having all sorts of resources to throw at a dream team of lawyers who were able to essentially dictate the terms to the U. S.  attorney's office when it appeared that he was going to be charged in a federal indictment. We have seen a number of emails which suggest that what Mr.  Epstein wanted he was able to get from prosecutors."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : money to burn implies being able to spend money as desired and unnecessarily. ","questions":"How did Jeffrey Epstein use his resources?","answer":"Unnecessarily."}
{"text":["One person called them old guard reactionaries who are grabbling for crumbs from the table. Another called them seat warmer saying they have nothing new to offer. And that led to a larger conversation about Obama's support among blacks where black folks stand on the Democratic Party.","And we are in good old Black History Month now. Of course, we are black 365 days a year.","That's right.","But from what I've read on our blog, not everybody thinks the black history month is a good idea."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : : But from what I've read on our blog, not everybody thinks the black history month is a good idea. (The literal meaning is that there are people who don't believe in celebrating Black History Month. The actual meaning is that there is debate and differing opinions within the black community about the significance and effectiveness of Black History Month.)","questions":"What is the actual meaning of turn 3?","answer":"Debate"}
{"text":["Well, let's talk about the walk back because we had seen vague reports that China was reneging on something it had agreed to but not a ton of detail. What exactly did China say, ah, we don't want to do?","Well, there's a tactical side to this, and there's something of a cultural side. The tactical side is that China, not unlike the Trump administration, is trying to get the best possible deal that it can to do as little as possible to please Trump. So it's not unusual that they would try to walk back some of their agreements at the last minute.","But the real issue is that they had agreed to make some structural changes - difficult structural changes to the Chinese economy. And this involves things like decreasing subsidies to state-owned enterprises, more guarantees of openness to American companies, protections for intellectual property. They did not like having those promises committed to paper in this 150-page agreement. Those had to be made public. And it looks like a concession to the Chinese people.","OK. So they didn't want to go as far as the Trump administration wanted them to go - at least not in writing."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : China did not want to commit to difficult structural changes in their economy in writing because it would look like a concession to the Chinese people.","questions":"What was China hesitant to commit to in writing?","answer":"Structural"}
{"text":["This is News & Notes. I'm Farai Chideya. In 1944, an Italian prisoner of war was lynched in a riot. It took place at Fort Lawton in Seattle, Washington. Forty-three black soldiers were charged in the incident; 28 of them were convicted. More than 60 years later, the Army Board of Correction overturned the convictions. The military found major issues with the soldiers' court martial. Joining us today is Howard Cooley. He's an attorney with the law firm Patrick Henry. The firm represented the family of Booker Townsell, one of the soldiers charged in the case. Thank you for joining me.","Thank you, and thank you for having me.","So tell us about Booker Townsell. Who was he, and what had he been through before and after the court martial?","He was a young man who was drafted in World War II, like so many other people. Seems to have had a - not a - nothing remarkable about his background, from what I'm able to understand. And - but he did become quite remarkable during World War II because he became a prisoner - he had to guard some prisoners of war, some Italian prisoners of war. And the riot broke out and then he, as a result of that, he was convicted, he was dismissed from the service with adverse honors."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"tell us about\" - this is a commonly used phrase to ask someone to share information or their thoughts, but its actual meaning is to ask for an overview or summary of a particular topic or person.","questions":"What was the phrase that PersonB used to ask PersonA to provide an overview of Booker Townsell's life?","answer":"Tell"}
{"text":["What do you think, though, the message is to other countries like China and Russia right now?I mean, we have important talks on the horizon with North Korea. We are in between secretaries of state. We don't even have an ambassador, for example, to South Korea. Ivanka Trump is now doing some of the South Korean diplomacy. What state is our diplomacy in right now?","Well, you know, whenever you file - change a secretary of state, it is disruptive because Rex Tillerson had a year to develop relations with his counterparts and heads of state and government. And that's now been disrupted. On the other hand, the question foreigners always ask is, does the secretary of state speak for the president?And there were questions raised about that because of some of the things President Trump is reported to have said about Rex Tillerson. I think the good news is that by designating Mike Pompeo and expressing confidence in him, I think it will reassure foreign leaders that when Mike Pompeo is secretary, he indeed will be speaking for the president. That's a plus.","Former national security adviser Stephen Hadley, thank you so very much for joining us.","Nice to be with you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The United States is in a weak diplomatic state.","questions":"What state is the United States in diplomatically?","answer":"Weak"}
{"text":["And why the neighborhoods around Logan?What was going on then?","The people who lived on or in the vicinity of Neptune Road were having a very, very big problem. The airport grew and grew and grew, and needed more and more land. And the people on Neptune Road were so hurt by the noise pollution because at that point the airplanes would land and take off right over their street often enough that there was extensive noise pollution. And I have this one picture - I think you probably saw it - of the teenagers on the overpass, and some of them are not even paying attention to the airplane overhead, and it could be that some of them are now hearing impaired in this photograph.","I mean, you take a look at some of your photographs and the planes are astonishingly close. I mean, it feels that you can almost reach up and hold onto one of the wheels.","And I documented cracks in walls in the homes, people with severe hearing problems. It just went on and on and on."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In turn (1), the speaker asks why the neighborhoods around Logan were affected by some issue or problem. The literal meaning of the turn is a question about the specific cause or nature of the issue.","questions":"How were the people on Neptune Road affected?","answer":"Noise"}
{"text":["Thank you. I know that you've been recently honored with the Outstanding Contribution to Television and Film Award at this year's BAFTA Awards in Scotland. Congratulations.","Well, thank you very much. It took me by surprise.","Really?They took you by surprise and took you all the way there?","Yeah. (Unintelligible) I'm in a very strange position because I'm almost 70 and I - people are giving me sort of good attendance prizes. . .","Well, that's what I call them. Good contribution prizes or something they call them, I don't know, you know, for your outstanding achievement over the years. I think it really means you're getting old, go away."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The 'good contribution prizes' are actually a polite way of telling you to retire","questions":"How does PersonA describe the prizes he received?","answer":"Good-contribution-prizes"}
{"text":["I was struck by a phrase in Chris Arnold's piece about the dollar being the bedrock currency for much of the world. Is that jeopardized?","Very much so. Treasury debt is the only risk-free asset in the world. It undergirds the world's financial system, it's in everybody money market's funds. You know, China, among many other countries, buys Treasury bills like crazy - over a trillion dollars. So, if you'd have to start factoring in risk, even if it's political risk, into our debt, you know, two things happen. The rest of the world becomes less enchanted with buying it, and our interest payments - what the government has to pay to issue that debt will rise substantially.","Can I get you to play out your scenario about what happens if October 17 comes and there's no agreement?","I don't think that much will happen on October 17th. I think there's a little wiggle room. What happens on October 17th is the government loses its borrowing authority and it can only pay out the cash it has on hand. However, if we got to the end of the month and the United States missed a bond payment, I believe that you would have an event that is three, four, five, six times worse than the Lehman Brothers of five years ago. Because the banks rely on treasuries to trade with each other overnight. That's how they fund themselves. And if you take away trust in the financial system or U. S.  debt, it will be cataclysmic. The banks will freeze up. There will be no borrowing. It'll be like Lehman. The stock market will go down. It has the potential to be a true out-and-out disaster."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Risk-free asset\" does not mean that there is no risk involved. Instead, it means that the asset is perceived as having a lower level of risk compared to other assets.","questions":"What term describes an asset that is perceived as having a lower level of risk compared to other assets?","answer":"Risk-free"}
{"text":["Well, let me ask you this. When you say, you know, lights out, he's pretty much out of sight. Why is Huckabee sticking with the race?","Because there's another spot on the ticket besides this one.","Yes, that is so true. Well, let's look at the demographics on both races, Democratic and Republican. Can we say anything about the trends by race, by first time voter, any trends among voters for the Democratic or Republican races?","By and large the Democratic demographics were what we've seen in the past. In Maryland in particular we saw again where the African\u2014American vote was overwhelmingly for Barack Obama, but he did not do comparably well among whites. Now, we did see a deviation from that in Virginia, which was the largest state that was voting yesterday. And in Virginia we saw for the first time a substantial portion - in fact about half - of the white vote going for Barack Obama. He also won among white men. He did not win white women, but if you look at all men, he carried two-thirds of all men and he carried 60 percent of all women in Virginia."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"lights out\" implies that the person being referred to is not relevant or not a contender in the race, rather than actually turning off lights.","questions":"What does the phrase \"lights out\" imply?","answer":"Not-relevant"}
{"text":["Well, crown-of-thorn starfish are found across much of the Pacific Ocean and Indian Oceans. They are - they're about dinner-plate size, multiple arms, have little thorn-like spines coming out of them. They're also quite venomous. So the last thing you want to do is touch one and have it prick you, and it can cause paralysis.","But the important part for the corals is that these things are wonderful eating machines. They move slowly across the reef. They actually invert their stomach onto the corals and dissolve the coral tissue, you know, digesting it as they go. And they leave (technical difficulties) white behind them as they move forward.","So they're like little bulldozers.","Yeah, it's sort of like bulldozers. It's almost more like having a wave of people with flamethrowers going through the brush. You know, the coral physically is left behind, but it's all dead."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Crown-of-thorn starfish eat coral and leave it dead behind","questions":"Which sea creatures are described as having \"little thorn-like spines coming out of them\"?","answer":"Starfish"}
{"text":["Sure. Well, before she becomes a pirate, she tries shoplifting. And when Gwen is shoplifting, she imagines herself as named Octavia. She imagines herself to much more glamorous persons, so there's a little bit in this book that's here.","(Reading) She remembered what it was called - shoplifting - and pictured lifting the whole place, the aisles tilting and tumbling their baubles and trinkety treasures into her pockets. Pink razors for her burnt leg and then a keychain she thought Naomi would like. And when she realized she could steal for other people, it was an avalanche, a chew bone for Toby the II, more stuff for Naomi, a stuffed bear and a tiny license plate that said Naomi. Three flasks of perfume, curvy and shapey like internal organs in her pockets, and she was done with Mother's Day for ages.","Her father liked the electronic things, which were behind locked cabinets. But she grabbed a slick stereo magazine and managed to slip into one of her boots. It would be a way to warm him for taking the bus by herself. By now she was thirsty and rounded a corner to open a fridge and grab an iced tea in a bottle that felt so good in her hands. It was One Universe Green Tea, which the label said was good for the immune system and for Octavia's skin. No one had stopped her. No one had spoken to her. It was smooth sailing. All for one and one for all.","So is there a straight line from that to piracy or just adolescence?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"she imagines herself as named Octavia\" - actual meaning: she imagines herself being someone else named Octavia, not that her name changes to Octavia.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue clarifies that Gwen imagines herself as someone else named Octavia, not that her name changes to Octavia?","answer":"imagines"}
{"text":["Well, thanks so much for having me, Alex.","So, how do you and the retired general, James Jones, know each other?","My gosh, I think - I can't even remember when I first met him. It's been so long ago. I'm sure I met him when he was head of the legislative liaison over the Senate. But I really became acquainted with him when he became a brigadier general, and, of course, I followed his career. Of course, he served very ably as a commadant in the marine corps and then as the European commander, just been with him from time to time. And I just consider him a very good friend.","And what kind of a man is he?How would you describe him as a person?","A man of extreme integrity, high ability, good judgment, even temper, just admired him so through the years, and I just can't say enough good things about him. He is just an excellent choice, and he will give good advice to the president."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A has a high opinion of James Jones' character and career.","questions":"Which general did PersonA follow his career?","answer":"James-Jones"}
{"text":["No. OK. The regime have been mistaken for certain things. We used to have corruption. It's not new. Everybody knows that. But most of the Syrians think that the corruption and the mistakes the regime have, it's not to be correct this way.","This way meaning. . .","Destroying the country, killing people.","What do you think about the regime killing Syrian civilians and perhaps with chemical weapons?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The regime has been causing damage to the country and harming innocent people.","questions":"Which harm has the regime caused?","answer":"damage"}
{"text":["Not defend - or explain it or, like, make a joke out of it. Or. . .","Well, I mean, that's what we - that's what a comedian does anyway. We're just making light of things that are going on. Or we're pointing out an injustice and trying to make it funny. Or we're trying to ultimately entertain. But, you know, sometimes, some comics - you know, they want to be social justice warriors. I don't ever feel like I have to 'cause I'm already multiracial, multiethnic as it is anyway?","What is your background?","Well, I'm just mixed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is to state that the speaker is of mixed racial and\/or ethnic heritage. However, the actual meaning is to downplay the significance of the speaker's racial and ethnic identity.","questions":"What is the PersonA's response when asked about their racial and ethnic background?","answer":"ethnic"}
{"text":["Would it be ethical to do this, you know, some of this work in humans?Would it take away some of the stigma about using embryonic stem cells?","Well, there's a whole lot of issues to consider in that I think a lot of people are going to have to involved in working through and thinking about under what circumstances it would be permissible to use this kind of approach in humans if the science really supports the idea that this kind of approach could generate cells that look like eggs from human pluripotent stem cells. I think the two key factors, I mean one key factor is that you would want to do this in the context of an effort, you know, for in vitro fertilization, in the course of reproduction rather than just generating embryos for the sake of research by fertilization.","And secondly, you would only want to go forward, I think, if you were sure enough from the preliminary studies that the eggs really looked healthy and normal and really felt like they had a chance of giving rise to successful pregnancies because you wouldn't want to engage in in vitro fertilization with a patient if there really wasn't much chance of having a successful pregnancy.","Is there any reason - going the opposite direction of thought, is there any reason to believe this would not work in humans?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Ethical and scientific considerations need to be taken into account before using embryonic stem cells in humans for generating cells that look like eggs.","questions":"Which type of cells could be generated from human pluripotent stem cells?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["Mr.  O'HARROW: No one seems to know exactly how much money will be spent through contracts, but it's going to be a considerable amount. When you hand out money quickly without setting up good terms of contracts and without having mechanisms to follow the money as it's spent to ensure that taxpayers get what they're paying for, you're going to have waste, and that's going to be what you'll get at best. At worst you'll have fraud and corruption.","Now, the Democrats who are in charge of this bill, some of whom have written this bill like David Obey, chair of the House Appropriations Committee, says we have a lot of monitoring built into this bill, and even so, we need to act very, very quickly because this is an emergency.","We've got more oversight built into this package than any package in the history of man. If money is spent badly, we want to know about it so we can hold accountable the people who made that choice. And guess what. Regardless of what we do, there will be some stupid decisions made.","David Obey, chair of the House Appropriations Committee. Well, Robert O'Harrow of the Washington Post, what do you say to that?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : When you hand out money quickly with no regulations people will spend it on things that are not needed.","questions":"Which committee chair is mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"David-Obey"}
{"text":["And I thought, well, I want to be black and not just any black, but the coolest black in the world. And that's American black, you know, it's - yeah, it is. Or, as you guys call them, African-American, which is funny because they're not African. But we'll play along because. . .","As Trevor Noah tours the country, he tweaks his routine for a new audience. Comedians, how do you translate your humor for different groups and different cultures?Give us a call: 800-989-8255. Email us: talk@npr. org. You can also join the conversation on our website. Go to npr. org, click on TALK OF THE NATION. Trevor Noah joins us here in a very hot tent at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival. Nice to have you with us today.","Thank you very much for having me.","And let me begin with the set up for a very old joke: How hot is it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A person wants to identify as cool, American black instead of African-American despite not being from Africa.","questions":"Which race does PersonA want to identify as?","answer":"Black"}
{"text":["They have indeed. They've been subject to very serious, tough sanctions in the past not just from the United States but from the entire international community. That's involved restrictions on their energy sector, their banking sector and an array of other economic sectors.","How have they gotten around them?","Well, in some instances, they haven't been able to. So during the period of most intensive, multilateral sanctions on Iran - this is 2012 to 2015 - they had great difficulty evading sanctions. It happened here and there, certainly when it came to sales of oil, certain cargoes or bartering - financial bartering - some smuggling activities. But the fear now is that, in an instance where there's unilateral sanctions on Iran, it may have ample opportunity to cheat and evade these sanctions.","Unilateral meaning, of course, just the United States. So it'll be tougher for the sanctions to have any effect if, for example, China or Russia and, let's say, Germany don't go along.","Right, exactly. So right now the European Union, in general, and the E3, in particular, have - that being the United Kingdom, France and Germany - have expressed an interest in maintaining their commitment to the deal. And that means continuing to give Iran economic relief promised to it under the deal. That means potentially violating U. S.  sanctions or creating ways for European companies to not abide by U. S.  sanctions.","And how does the U. S.  respond, at least under this administration?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies that Iran has found ways to evade or circumvent the sanctions, despite their severity.","questions":"What has Iran done to overcome the sanctions?","answer":"Circumvent"}
{"text":["Yeah. After the West Africa outbreak, there was this sense that, you know, we're in much better shape. We know more about it. We've got new treatment options. We've got a vaccine that's out there.","But in this one, it really has been this perfect storm. The area that this occurred in is incredibly poor, that had poor health care infrastructure beforehand. It's incredibly volatile; there's these militias that have basically been running that part of the Democratic Republic of Congo for decades. They're vying for control of minerals. And, you know, they have really undermined any governmental institutions that would be there.","And then all these health care workers show up to try to contain the Ebola treatment unit - that Ebola, you know, outbreak, and some of them were attacked, even killed. The World Health Organization yesterday was saying they've documented 198 attacks on Ebola clinics and workers over the last year. So obviously, that's an incredibly high number for attacks on a health response, you know, even in a declared war zone.","Well, I mean, yeah, it is a war zone, but why attack - specifically attack clinics that you know are treating a disease?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a sense means that there is an understanding","questions":"What does the term \"sense\" imply?","answer":"understanding"}
{"text":["Now I'm more self-assured, and - but the thing now, which is funny, is that my kids sort of act the way parents, I think, act for most people, you know, when they're teenagers, that I sneak around dating under the noses of my kids. So when they're asleep in the other room, I can have a date and close the door and, you know, not have them know about it.","Have you ever been busted?","No. That's what I have locks on the doors. I'm very good about that.","One time when we were - you know, when I was engaged after the divorce, and I remember one night, the next morning my son said something like, you know, were you hurt last night?Something about the noises he heard the night before, and that was horrifying."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Something about the noises he heard the night before, and that was horrifying.\" - The literal meaning is that the son heard noises the night before, which were scary or upsetting. However, the actual meaning is that the son may have overheard the person having sexual activity, which was embarrassing and uncomfortable for the person to hear.","questions":"Which activity might have been overheard by the son?","answer":"Sexual"}
{"text":["But we keep our faith strong and know that good things will, you know, eventually will turn and happen for us.","Scott, this is an expensive state to live in. California has high unemployment rates. Have you ever thought about maybe relocating, going someplace else?","Well, I have. You know, I was born and raised here in San Diego, and we just love it. But yeah, if - regardless of where the location would be, I would be willing to go anywhere - anywhere in the world for that matter, Afghanistan, Pakistan, anywhere that somebody may be able to offer me a job.","I saw some photographs of you in your condo. You've been packing up there, and I noticed behind the moving boxes, hanging in the window were some Christmas lights and some red ribbons. Are you still going to find some ways to celebrate the holidays despite everything that's going on?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to keep faith strong means that this person is religious and that nothing will stop them from being that way","questions":"Which state was mentioned by PersonB as being expensive to live in?","answer":"California"}
{"text":["Happens to be benched. What do you make of this?I think Vince's issues I think are quite different from Tarvaris. I think there was a lot of pressure on Vince from the time he came out of Texas to kind of be the black Johnny Unitas, and he's going to - they'll both have an opportunity to sit and watch, and hopefully come back with a vengeance.","One really quick other black quarterback not in the league at the moment, in Atlanta, Michael Vick. Is Matt Ryan, the replacement, making Atlanta Falcon fans forget Michael Vick?","I wouldn't say that. Maybe that first week he did, but there will only be one Michael Vick. Remember, Tony, Michael Vick was the most exciting quarterback in the NFL, and there's still talk and anticipation of him playing when he gets out.","All right. Let's move on to baseball because we're moving into the time of the year, at least for me, when baseball really becomes interesting. This year we had a couple of blockbuster trades involving Manny Ramirez going from Boston to the Dodgers, and we also had C. C. Sabathia going from the Cleveland Indians to the Milwaukee Brewers, and they turned their respective teams around. So, the question is, are they - should they be considered as MVP candidates even though they've only been there a short time?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Vince's issues are related to the pressure he faced due to expectations of being the next great black quarterback.","questions":"What kind of pressure did Vince face?","answer":"expectation"}
{"text":["Yeah - African-American mayor from Tallahassee.","Yes. So this is sort of a test of whether real progressive candidates can win in these sort of purplish states. And so that's going to be a really - you have a Trump ally there in Ron DeSantis. It's going to be, I think, a really close race still. Next door in Georgia, another woman trying to make history - Stacey Abrams would be the first African-American woman ever elected governor.","Right.","And that's a state that is changing. Has it changed enough?That's a really big question. And then there's sort of a handful of surprising opportunities for Democrats in the Midwest and in the Sun Belt. Nevada and Ohio - those were always sort of toss-ups. But then Democrats have real chances to flip some places - really ruby-red territory - like Kansas, South Dakota, maybe even Oklahoma."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Ruby-red states re not literally colored. They vote nearly always for Republicans, who are \"red\" in American political parlance.","questions":"How are ruby-red states described in American political parlance?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["You had to actually take the thing apart to change games.","Take out the battery and everything to change games.","That would be a drawback.","That's a drawback. And number two - they didn't have any games. There was, like, two games that were worth playing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"That would be a drawback\" - The speaker is not referring to the act of physically removing the battery and taking the thing apart to change games as a drawback. Instead, they are referring to the fact that this process is inconvenient as a drawback.","questions":"How is the speaker referring to the inconvenience of changing games in turn 2?","answer":"Inconvenient"}
{"text":["Right. So there are a number of animal indicators that people look at when trying to predict winter weather, and those mostly fall in the category of folklore. In other words, there aren't any studies which demonstrate any true relationship between animal behavior or, for example, acorn\/squirrel behavior prior to winter and how harsh a winter it's going to be. One of the favorites is the wooly caterpillar. And there are those who say the brown segment in the middle of that caterpillar, if it's wide, it's going to be warm. If it's narrow, it's going to be cold. And that's a long-standing folklore, but there's really no established scientific literature which validates those sorts of predictions.","Myth busted here on SCIENCE FRIDAY. Thanks for joining us today, Jason Samenow.","You bet. It was a pleasure. Thank you.","Jason Samenow is the chief meteorologist for the Capital Weather Gang at The Washington Post."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is no scientific evidence to support the belief that certain animal behaviors can predict winter weather","questions":"What is the favorite animal indicator for predicting winter weather according to folklore?","answer":"Wooly-caterpillar"}
{"text":["My pleasure, Scott.","And what seems to be the latest there?","Well, we had a night of very heavy air raids last night and it pushed the death toll from the low 20s up to around 40 - essentially doubling it in one night. We're now in the fourth day of what the Israelis have dubbed Operation Cloud Pillar. Last night, the air raids hit the headquarters of Hamas Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh. Some other official houses were targeted. They also hit tunnels running under the border with Egypt, which are used to smuggle in weapons and fuel. Also, some electric power plants were hit, plunging some of southern Gaza into darkness.","And how are Hamas leaders responding?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) implies that B is wondering what the latest news or developments are in the situation,","questions":"What was the death toll after the heavy air raids?","answer":"40"}
{"text":["Well, if things go as expected, Netanyahu is on track to become Israel's longest-serving prime minister. To talk about Netanyahu's long career as prime minister of Israel, we're joined now by Daniel Shapiro. He was the U. S.  ambassador to Israel during the Obama administration, and he joins us from Tel Aviv. Welcome.","Thank you. Great to be with you.","So this will be Netanyahu's fourth consecutive term, but it's his fifth term overall as prime minister. Describe how you think Netanyahu has changed from the day he was first elected prime minister in 1996.","I think he's gone through several phases, at least on the issue that is so central to any Israeli prime minister - the Palestinian issue. He started as a real hard-liner. He dragged his feet on implementing the Oslo Accords they inherited from Prime Minister Rabin and worked on with the Clinton administration. And then when he left office in 1999 and returned 10 years later, he encountered President Obama, who wanted to try, yet again, to press forward on trying to achieve a two-state solution with the Palestinians."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Netanyahu's views on the Palestinian issue have changed over time","questions":"Which issue has been central to any Israeli prime minister according to the conversation?","answer":"Palestinian"}
{"text":["That is the wildest story.","Ah, this is just wonderful drama, and the fact that now he lands on Broadway?Oh, come on. I mean, this is probably going to carry us through December. You know, just hope he doesn't get hurt, then all of a sudden it's. . .","(Singing) Da, da, da, da. . .","You know?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The story is not wild but interesting or exciting.","questions":"Which month does PersonA hope that the story will carry them through?","answer":"December"}
{"text":["So I'm going to plunge straight into another topic. That's gas prices. They rose more than six cents in one day following news of the damage to the Gulf Coast. There is a lot of oil industry there. Tropical Storm Ike also damaged that area.","Now, there is a question of whether or not folks are getting unfairly gouged. One gas station is said to have charged five dollars for a gallon of regular, and there are some other places in the damaged areas that don't even have gas. So is this price gouging?And I'm not just talking about the people in the effected areas, but people across the country.","There is some price gouging, I think, when you get to five dollars. On the other hand, when you're talking about what's happening with production, the fact is that there are almost immediate shortages. Gas stations have the gas that they have under their stations to pump, that's all they have. They have to get deliveries of other gas and it's more scarce, it costs them more.","So if someone decides, in anticipation of price rises, to raise the price on the gas under their station, that's not fair but it's somewhat reasonable. But when they take it from a few cents to five dollars, if it was being posted as $3. 65, which was the national average, and then you get up to five dollars, that does seem to be a bit much."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Raising gas prices by a large margin is unfair and not reasonable.","questions":"How is raising gas prices by a large margin considered?","answer":"gouging"}
{"text":["Please tell us, what are your feelings, in the wake of Charlottesville, about the statues of your ancestor?","Well, I'm a pastor. And one of the things that I automatically go to is this is a form of idolatry, very plain and simply. We have made an idol of Robert Edward Lee. We have made him an idol of white supremacy. We have made him an idol of nationalism and of bigotry and of hate and of racism. And that's unacceptable. And not only as a person of goodwill but as for me as a Christian, I can no longer sit by and allow my family's name to be used as hate-filled speech.","Pastor, I'd like to note that you have, since you have come out publicly and talked about this, been receiving threats. Can you tell me what's been going on?","Yeah. Well, the message boards are lit up with people saying that people who are speaking out against white supremacy, including myself, should be taken care of, whatever that means. And it's been hard. I mean, I'm a 24-year-old. I'm a pastor. I'm not a violent person. I don't condone violence in any form. And so to see that there are people who wish to be violent against me and my family, against my church community is terrifying."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  A's turn: \"We have made an idol of Robert Edward Lee. We have made him an idol of white supremacy. We have made him an idol of nationalism and of bigotry and of hate and of racism. And that's unacceptable.\"  The actual meaning of this turn is that the speaker believes that the way Robert Edward Lee is being celebrated is unacceptable, as it is a form of idolatry that promotes hate, racism, white supremacy, and nationalism.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the way Robert Edward Lee is being celebrated?","answer":"unacceptable"}
{"text":["Last week, the French ended their rotation at the head of United Nations Security Council. Their permanent representative, Ambassador Gerard Araud, had one preeminently difficult issue on his agenda while in charge. And, of course, that was the question of what to do about Syria. Ambassador Araud joins us from his office in New York City. Mr. Ambassador, thanks very much for being with us.","Good morning.","Mr. Ambassador, first, of course, there seemed to be more reports of civilian deaths every day in Syria. How frustrating were these last few months for you?","It was extremely frustrating because we have seen Syria sinking into what is now a real civil war. And we have desperately tried to avoid it because this country has an incredible potential for violence, violence within Syria and unfortunately also beyond the borders of Syria."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is (3) where the interviewer asks the French Ambassador how frustrating the last few months were for him. ","questions":"How would the French Ambassador describe the situation in Syria?","answer":"civil-war"}
{"text":["What's your greatest regret?","Well, the greatest regret is that we lost the referendum - that I didn't prevail, that we could have fought, perhaps, a better campaign. We could have conducted, perhaps, a better negotiation. Perhaps the timing wasn't right - and that I didn't take the country with me on what I thought was a really important issue. And I resigned because I felt - I didn't fight the referendum as a sort of chairman - on the one hand, on the other hand, you decide. I was wholly on one side of the argument. And so I felt it was right to resign, having lost, because the country needed a new prime minister, a prime minister with a credibility to take us forward and deliver the outcome of the referendum.","But, of course, you know, I will to my dying day wonder whether there was something more we could have done to have secured what I thought was the right outcome, which was to keep Britain in, but to recognize we were, in many ways, the odd one out.","OK."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They regret not trying harder on their campaign for the referendum. They also regret not getting more of the people to support them.","questions":"How did they feel about their referendum campaign?","answer":"campaign"}
{"text":["Well, I got to, or. . .","Or I'm doomed. I do think it is a good time for independent artists, period. And I feel like soul music in this country really has told the story of black Americans in this country, and right now the field is kind of narrow. So, from city to city, you go and you listen to the radio, and you try to find soul music on the radio, you're either listening to hip-hop, or you're listening to oldies and dusties and R&B.","So, there's a whole big huge chasm which some of us live in part of the time at least, where where's this music?Where is the new soul music?Where are the people that are writing the classics that are going to be around in 20 years, and 30 years, and 40 years?","Well, in addition to your own songs, you have sung other folks' work. And in 2004, you sang on a tribute album for Luther Vandross. Here's a little bit of \"Forever, For Always, For Love. \""],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is a lack of new soul music that can become classics in the future.","questions":"What is the genre of music that the speaker is looking for?","answer":"Classics"}
{"text":["UNESCO must have known in July when they declared the old city in Hebron a Palestinian world heritage site that Israel would object because they say that Judaism has a lot of links to Hebron and that this would create problems in the United States.","One should make a difference. In UNESCO, there are different bodies. So when you say UNESCO took a decision, I think the more precise will be to say that the World Heritage Committee took a decision. But on my side, I have done many - implement many initiatives to strengthen the - our ties with the Jewish people. I think if you look at the bigger picture, you will find also these important activities of the organization that I think makes it a little bit more complex just to be one-sided when when you judge us.","Well, I mean - I wasn't asking if you or UNESCO were anti-Semitic. I was asking if you didn't realize in July when the Heritage Site committee made the declaration.","Well, I personally realized it. But as I said, I'm not taking these decisions to the World Heritage Committee. But I did realize it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the speaker is implying that they personally realized the potential consequences of the decision when it was made, even though they are not part of the decision-making process.","questions":"Which decision did the speaker realize?","answer":"Decision"}
{"text":["Dual loyalty is something that relates to the potential conflict between clinicians' duties to their patients and their obligations to their employers. When these organizations have sometimes questionable tasks to fulfill, that becomes a very, very serious almost ethical minefield, I would say.","You and I have both been to immigration detention centers. What do you imagine the work will be like?","Well, I think when you talk about any correctional facility, especially immigration detention centers, there are a couple of hats that one has to wear. One is to take care of routine medical issues - so somebody has a headache, somebody has an infection, is vomiting. But also, we're talking about people who are coming with immense trauma, people who may have injuries, people who have suffered from violence. You need to address that in some ways. There's also making sure that there's no spread of contagious diseases, that people are being nourished well. So it's a very big job.","Isn't it important to have the best medical personnel possible in those facilities?Wouldn't you want somebody extremely qualified to be hired for a job like this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"almost ethical minefield\" implies a morally controversial topic","questions":"Which word describes the potential conflict discussed by A?","answer":"Ethical"}
{"text":["Earlier this week, a man walked free from a court nearly 30 years after he'd been wrongly convicted of a murder. David McCallum was 16 years old when he was sent to prison along with William Stuckey. Both men were convicted of murder in 1986. William Stuckey died in prison, but Mr.  McCallum continued to fight to clear his own name. In January, his lawyer sent a letter to the Brooklyn District Attorney, Kenneth Thompson, who'd just taken office. The DA looked into the case and decided to reopen it. And since then, he's instituted review of a number of cases from the 1980s and '90s. District attorney Kenneth Thompson joins us from our studios in New York. Mr.  Thompson, thanks so much being with us.","Thank you for having me.","What did you see that led you to move to reopen this case?","What I saw was that there was no evidence linking David McCallum or Willie Stuckey to the abduction and to the murder of Nathan Blenner other than their confessions. And their confessions were very short and they contained false-fed facts. That led me and members of my conviction review team to conclude that the confessions were false."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \u201cThe confessions were false\u201d but not \u201cThe confessions were short and contained false-fed facts\u201d which is the literal meaning of the turn.","questions":"What was the reason for concluding that the confessions were false?","answer":"confessions"}
{"text":["No. And this is just a temporary fix. We're now about to put in some type of permanent action to help them further.","Boy, you know, I know it went viral and there are a lot of people to thank, but I can't get over the fact that it began with you. And there are just so many of us who say, oh, that's terrible. Someone should do something. You decided to make yourself that someone.","Yeah. I mean, there was a lot of people pulling up, dropping off food, blankets, and that's fine. Well, below zero, the food was getting cold as soon as someone set it out there.","Yeah. Well, sounds like you've changed their lives and they've changed yours."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is being implied that setting out the food was a temporary fix.","questions":"Which action was considered as a temporary fix?","answer":"Setting"}
{"text":["And I think my - like, I never liked the term African-American. I think it's a horrible term because it all-encompassing. It's just African-American, you know?What African?African where?African - you can't just say that, you know?When you look at white Americans, it's very specific. You go, oh, he's Italian-American. Yeah, I'm an Italian-American. And you've got, you know, you've got your Jewish Americans, and you've got your Irish Americans. Everyone's proud of their culture. The African-American, it's just - it's, you know?African where?","Well, for so long nobody really knew where they were from.","But exactly. But I think that the first step to - I guess to finding peace, I find, is knowing where you are from. You know, where you are from determines a lot of who you are. And so for me, you know, Ghanaian American, Nigerian, you'll discover so much in your culture when you know just a little bit about where you're from.","Do you find it interesting that we have a president who is literally African-American?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"Well, for so long nobody really knew where they were from.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is a response to the previous statement, but the actual meaning is an acknowledgment of the historical difficulties African Americans have faced in tracing their ancestry due to the legacy of slavery and displacement.","questions":"How does turn 1 acknowledge the historical difficulties of African Americans?","answer":"acknowledgment"}
{"text":["Well, the Chinese vice premier, Liu He, who is very high up in the government, came to Washington Thursday. The two sides met Thursday evening, then again on Friday. They broke off rather early in the afternoon saying they would meet again at some point in the future. But there hasn't been any meeting scheduled at this point, although President Trump is supposed to meet with Chinese President Xi Jinping at the G-20 summit in Japan in June.","You know, at the beginning of the week, President Trump put out some angry tweets accusing the Chinese of reneging on some commitments they had made. What do we know about that?","I think, in general, there's a real feeling in the Trump administration that China has a history of making promises about changing its business practices and then not following through on them, especially on issues like intellectual property theft and the forced transfer of technology. So there's been a lot of unhappiness about that. And then, this week, the president said because of the - China had reneged on its commitments, he was prepared to raise existing tariffs on $200 billion worth of Chinese imports from 10 to 25 percent. And that actually happened on Friday.","And the president said today that he wants even more tariffs on China. Would it be fair to assume that China might retaliate, and, if so, how?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies that the Trump administration strongly disapproves of China's behavior regarding intellectual property theft and the forced transfer of technology.","questions":"How does the Trump administration feel about China's business practices?","answer":"Unhappiness"}
{"text":["That Sean Combs did. Were you guys benefiting from that?Was your family - was your son actually able to get some of the money that came out of that project?","Excuse me. Well that was actually the only reason that I decided to do the record with Paul, because this was still at a time when I was - I just kind of shut everything down. I have been working on my second album prior to B. I. G. 's death.","And I didn't go back in the studio, until he called me and asked me to do this record. And the one line that, you know, that caught - got me and hooked me was all the money is going to go to the kids. All the royalties will go to CJ and Siana(ph). So yes, they do have trusts set up where the royalties from that song go into that trust. . . TEXT: CHIDEYA: What is the thing that you're most proud of, that you've done as a writer and a recording artist?","Mm. Most proud?Wow. I think that I'm proud of the fact that I didn't even really - you know, when I actually got my record deal with Bad Boy, Puff heard me sing one line, and I wasn't there in any capacity of auditioning or anything. I was just the baby's mama in the lounge, and my opportunity came."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker agreed to do the record for the money, not for personal reasons.","questions":"What was the reason for the PersonA's decision to do the record?","answer":"Kids"}
{"text":["Sounds like a fun gathering.","Lots of pollsters in a room - I'm sure there's jokes. What makes this new effort such a big deal?","Look, this is the first time since 1992, when all the media organizations bought into one National Election Pool, that there's going to be competition. And it's a totally different approach to measuring the electorate. They're launching it, by the way, they announced, in all 47 states where there are elections this fall for statewide elections in these midterms. And it's a massive undertaking that really is - you know, just talking to people here - starting a crackup of American election polling.","That's fascinating. What is different, though, about what Fox News and the AP are doing?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The NEP is not a pool but an organization that gathers information from groups of people.  The approach was not launched but newly began for the fall season.","questions":"Which season did the approach start for?","answer":"fall"}
{"text":["Hey, thank you very much.","Everybody who is an average taxpayer wants to know, how does this bailout affect me?So how does it affect the average taxpayer?","Well, it affects you in a couple of ways. One of which is is that, if it that if it works and the financial system does in fact stabilize and move forward, we're all better. We've averted a vast crisis. But it also does mean that probably down the pike you might be seeing higher taxes, you might be seeing higher inflation, you might be seeing a lower dollar. All of these things are potential possible fallouts from the bailout.","To follow that point a little bit further. Let's say you have a person who pays his bill on time - his or her bills on time - has a mortgage, has a small savings account and no major investments. What does this mean to that person?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The bailout could have potential negative consequences for the average taxpayer","questions":"What are some potential consequences of the bailout for the average taxpayer?","answer":"Taxes"}
{"text":["Yes. So I had shut what was left of the door, and I go outside. The waves are, like, 7, 8 feet above me, crashing over my head.","How did you survive that?","So a few days before, my sister made me promise to get a life vest. I said, yeah, yeah, yeah, I'll get one. But I didn't. And I was removing a dock ladder just so it wouldn't get damaged in the storm. And I was removing it, and a life vest floated up to me.","A life vest just came to you. That's incredible."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : crashing over my head means that the waves were so big they were above the person's head.","questions":"How high were the waves?","answer":"7"}
{"text":["I mean, there have been some high-profile examples recently of sort of ethically questionable journalism, you know, maybe at best. Do you think that - and this is sort of tangential, but do you think that that, the definition of plagiarism needs to be updated for the Web?","I mean, given that I started this thing, you mentioned the curator's code, I think about that a lot. I think plagiarism is kind of a harsh word that comes from the publishing world, you know, kind of a legacy term. And there are many layers to it. It's a little bit of a grab bag.","But online, one of the things that I think about a lot, which I think is a form of sort of neo-plagiarism as this idea of OK, you know, we live at a time where there's almost infinite information, and it takes time to find the meaningful and to separate it from the meaningless, and that's effort, and that's sort of creative labor.","And when someone does that, and let's say - you know, for example, one of my favorite sites, Open Culture, run by Dan Colman out of Stanford, he finds amazing archival stuff. You know, and he spends time in the archives looking for it. And then it gets sort of reported on, say, Huffington Post or Business Insider, just sort of regurgitated."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"curator's code\", which refers to a set of ethical guidelines for curating content on the web; \"legacy term\", which refers to a term that has been inherited from an earlier time and may no longer be entirely relevant or appropriate; \"grab bag\", which is used here to describe the various components of plagiarism that don't necessarily fit neatly into one category.","questions":"How does PersonA describe plagiarism in the publishing world?","answer":"Harsh"}
{"text":["You have to understand; at this point Mr.  Treviene was in his late 70's. This is a man who is used to building houses and repairing houses, and had been a younger man that might have been a challenge to him. But as an older man who was basically retired before the storm, this was an insurmountable challenge and so much of his story is the story of elderly New Orleanians.","When I looked at his face, it looked literally as if the life just seeped out of it.","That was the feeling that we got sitting there. After he had gone into the house, we sort of sat there and kind of cleaned up a little bit and talk, but there wasn't a whole lot to say.","And he didn't live much longer did he?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"before the storm\" implies before the SHTF - Or, before things went awry.","questions":"What was Mr. Treviene's profession before the storm?","answer":"Building"}
{"text":["What's missing from that?","I mean, a deeper understanding of why Syrians rose up in the first place. I mean, this is a regime that's been in power for 50 years. It has outlasted eight U. S.  presidents since Nixon. Think about that. And Bashar's organizing elections again in 2021, and he intends to run. So there's a chance he will probably outlast Trump, even if Trump wins a second term.","Sam Dagher is author of the book \"Assad Or We Burn The Country. \"He also contributes to The Atlantic. Sam, thank you so much for being with us.","You're welcome, Noel."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Syrian regime has been in power for a long time, and there is a possibility that Bashar will outlast Trump.","questions":"Which author contributes to The Atlantic and wrote the book \"Assad Or We Burn The Country\"?","answer":"Sam"}
{"text":["The state has also promised that they will do spot checks after the storm to make sure that facilities that have gotten generators have those generators up and running. We've been told that the state has stockpiled additional generators in case some of those generators fail so that they have backups. And we're told that the Department of Health is also helping with that, too - the State Department of Health.","That was Miami Herald reporter Elizabeth Koh joining us from WFSU in Tallahassee, Fla.","Elizabeth, thanks so much for joining us, and thanks for your reporting.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : joining us implies being part of an activity and not being to mix up","questions":"Which word in the dialogue implies that the reporter is involved in some activity?","answer":"Joining"}
{"text":["Well, thereafter, we may be singing Christmas carols in the Capitol. It's brinksmanship, of course. They're just trying to get everybody focused and trying to get everybody to actually vote for the basic spending bills, get Congress to do their routine business. It's not routine, though, because Republican leaders can't get enough of their members to vote for spending bills. So they need Democratic votes to get the bills across the finish line. And those come with a price tag, including, for example, the issue of the DREAMers, the. . .","Yeah.",". . . People who were brought here by their parents when the parents came to the country illegally.","And how do they breach the differences between the House and Senate bills, when the promises some Republican Senate leaders made to get the votes of, say, Susan Collins of Maine and Jeff Flake of Arizona, seem to be no longer - are not contained in the House version?And the House leaders say nope, we're not going to have them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : price tag implies there's an exchange of favors for passing bills","questions":"Which term describes the exchange of favors mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Exchange"}
{"text":["Do you have any concern, Mr.  Levin, that if some of these alternatives you're talking about are used more frequently that you might have a situation where - and I'll be apocryphal here - a white college kid with access to means and a good lawyer can get a very light sentence and a kid from the inner city that lacks both will still have the book thrown at him.","Well, you know, that is an interesting question because this decision by the attorney general was one based on discretion. The public has as very low opinion of elected officials and so it's certainly the case is if you don't think much of Congress, you wouldn't want Congress' judgment to be substituted for your own if you're on the jury, especially given that it's the jury that has access to the specific facts of the case.","And certainly, though, as you mentioned, race should absolutely not be considered and we need to make sure every offender has quality representation for those who have appointed counsel. Ideally, they could have some say in choosing their own counsel with some type of voucher or something so we can make sure they get vigorous representation in court, that evidence that may exonerate them is presented.","Marc Levin is director of the Texas Public Policy Foundation Center for Effective Justice speaking with us from Austin. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is expressing concern that the justice system might be unfairly biased against certain individuals based on their race and access to resources.","questions":"What is the PersonA's concern regarding bias in the justice system?","answer":"discrimination"}
{"text":["Yes, they are in re-settlement areas. For example, in Mozambique you have 258,000 people, 90,000 of whom have been displaced over the past month or so. In Malawi you already have 700 cholera cases that have been reported. You have about 152,000 people who have been affected. So they are moving away from their home areas into re-settlement camps.","Let's move to Kenya in the east of Africa. The talks between President Kibaki and opposition leader Raila Odinga continue today outside of Nairobi and the negotiations are being mediated by former U. N.  Secretary General Kofi Annan. Since the post-election violence began in late December, more than 1,000 people have been killed and hundreds of thousands have been displaced. There are also reports of a wave of sexual violence against women who've been displaced by this turmoil. So Cassandra, what's going on here?","Since the violence after the disputed elections on December 27th, we're seeing that this situation has put women and girls at great risk of sexual assault. We know that always in situations of conflict women and girls are in danger. And in Kenya it is no different. We are hearing reports from Nairobi, from the Nairobi general hospital, that there may be as many as double the number of cases of rape within the days following the eruption of the violence.","And what we know is that for every case that is being treated or is being reported, there are many more victims who fail to seek help."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Many victims of sexual assault in Kenya are not seeking help or reporting the crimes.","questions":"Which country is experiencing a wave of sexual violence against women who have been displaced by the turmoil?","answer":"Kenya"}
{"text":["So, you're skeptical about a car czar. You think that there should be loans, though, with strict provisions attached to them.","Right, right.","What else?What else needs to be done?I mean, this is a massive, massive problem, and two of the three are facing extinction at this point.","Don't forget, what's putting them in this condition is the economic, you know, the economic condition of the nation right now. But the kind of fixed-cost structure that these auto companies have is massive, massive losses that have to do with what's happening to demand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The car czar should not be the only answer to the auto industry's problems; loans should be offered, but with strict conditions.","questions":"What is the alternative solution to the car czar that PersonA proposes?","answer":"Loans"}
{"text":["I don't know if I'm that much different than a journalist. I just - it's like a mystery that I want to solve that I think everybody's interested in solving. What has gone on and what is going on with Trump and his orbit of people he's dealt with over the years and ties to Russia and Ukraine and all these different matters?","Often when people are doing this kind of thing, they have fact checkers, and they have editors that go over their information, especially if you're a journalist. Do you have anyone that edits you or anyone that you work with that helps you verify the information?","There's some fact checking. But the interviews that I do, I publish them exactly as they're transcribed. I'm not writing an article, per se.","Can I ask you, has your shop - your restaurant, which is very well known here, helped you in your endeavor?Do people walk in to give you tips, try and contact you through that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implies that the speaker is asking if the restaurant that the person they are talking to owns has helped them in any way with their endeavours.","questions":"Which endeavor is PersonB referring to in their question to A?","answer":"Endeavor"}
{"text":[". . . I think, who was - who was poisoned by, we think, we believe, some of his former colleagues. Yes. I think it was partly inspired by that. But it was partly, I think, inspired by the fact that Russia and particularly the Russian intelligence services seemed to be getting more aggressive. And now I'm an outsider, you have to remember, so I have no inside knowledge. But we read that there are just as many Russian intelligence officers in London, in the West in general, as there were during the Cold War. And you have to ask yourself what they're all doing. And that's one of the things I do ask myself when I'm writing fiction.","We have to crack open the story of this week. U. S.  security services this week say they're convinced that it was Russian hackers working for the government who hacked into the files of the Democratic National Committee. And they leaked material to have some palpable effect on the elections. Does that strike you as plausible?","It's plausible. But then there are many people who could have hacked into those files, not only the Russian intelligence service. So you have to remember that, you know, there are many people with that capacity and many reasons for leaking. I very much doubt that it's all as straightforward as it might appear.","I've read that you were the first official from British intelligence to meet with the KGB after the change."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implication of this turn is that the speaker was one of the first British intelligence officers to meet with the KGB after the fall of the Soviet Union.","questions":"Which intelligence agency did the speaker meet with after the change?","answer":"KGB"}
{"text":["Oh. . .",". . . Believe and understand it should be.",". . . A large number.","But. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It implies that A believe and understand what B means to a large extent.","questions":"What does turn 1 suggest about PersonB's opinion?","answer":"Implication"}
{"text":["You've been on this beat for a while.","I have, a decade or so.","Any - ever seen anything like it?","Wow. I think this is a story I will tell the grandkids about covering."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : being on this beat for a while implies that someone has been known with a thing or regularly involved in activity ","questions":"What does being on this beat for a while imply?","answer":"Familiarity"}
{"text":["Well, here's the interesting part. The scientific heavyweights like the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration didn't fare any better than the almanac last year, which makes you wonder: Is seasonal prediction even possible?Here to talk about it is Jason Samenow. He's a chief meteorologist for the Capital Weather Gang at The Washington Post. He joins us from NPR in Washington. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you for having me on.","So what are the predictions look like this year, and then should we pay attention to them?","There is a ton of uncertainty about what this winter's going to bring across much of the country. And that has to do with the fact that El Nino - which is the episodic warming of the equatorial Pacific, which was predicted to develop by now - really hasn't behaved as expected. So when we have an El Nino, we typically see warm and dry conditions across the Northern Tier and wet and cold conditions across the Southern Tier. But it has pretty much baffled forecasters in that it hasn't developed as models have predicted."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The weather forecasters are uncertain about this winter's conditions due to the unpredicted behavior of El Nino","questions":"Which meteorological event is causing uncertainty about this winter's weather forecast?","answer":"Meteorological"}
{"text":["They have an obligation to do what I have done my whole life. I came from a family that had nothing. I worked hard all my life. In fact, the way I made my living was representing the kind of people that I grew up with, people who didn't have much of anything, and fighting against very entrenched, powerful corporate interests. And we were able to win and be successful. I did well by doing good. And what we have a responsibility to do is to make sure we don't pull the ladder out from behind us.","That everybody gets - in fact, it's the core reason that I am running for president is to make sure that everybody in this country gets the kind of chances and opportunities that I've had in my life. That's what drives me every single day.","A lot of your supporters mention that you really have a commitment to ending poverty, but could there ever be an America with absolutely no poverty?What would that country even look like?","It would be a country where everybody has real economic opportunity. I mean, is there always going to be a circumstance where somebody could fall into poverty?Of course. I mean, because that's the real world. But if we do the things we need to do, we wouldn't have the kind of systematic, endemic poverty we have in America. I mean, we have 37 million people, which is roughly the population of California, who live in poverty every day in this country. It's not a small number."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker talks about the possibility of a country with no poverty and states that it's not possible for everyone to avoid poverty. However, if they take the necessary actions, they could reduce poverty significantly. The implied meaning is that the speaker is committed to reducing poverty and improving economic opportunities for everyone.","questions":"Which state's population is close to the number of people living in poverty every day in America, as mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"California"}
{"text":["So every time that you have, you know, even life in a - in the House of Representatives means you need to be there. You need to deal and wheel and pork(ph) and everything. Grillo's going to be at home. So what is going to happen?His 150 MPs will go on the phone and say, Beppe, what are we going to do with this?It's ridiculous. So that's one point.","And the second point is Beppe Grillo's people and Beppe Grillo's deputies are actually younger, much younger, and I suspect much wiser and quieter than he is.","So expect some of them to say, look, we promised Italians to change this country, we're going to do that. And so they already proved that in Bologna, where I am, actually. It's - they've been successfully here in Emilia-Romagna. They were successfully in Parma and in Sicily. They cut deals all the time, American style, really cutting deals on the legislative floor without the parties, and they were very successful.","Well, you've said what you thought should happen. What's your best guess as to what you think will happen?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They mention that the House of Representatives done everything in their power to make sure they needs are met. ","questions":"What does Beppe Grillo do when his 150 MPs call him?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Patricia is moving over Mexico, downgraded from the most powerful hurricane ever recorded to a tropical depression. She was less damaging than expected. Hurricane force winds were spared to the coastal cities like Puerto Vallarta. Daniel Lozano, the director general of the Mexican Red Cross, is overseeing the emergency response. He joins us from Mexico City now. Mr.  Lozano, you must be very busy. Thanks very much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott. It's a pleasure to be with you and the audience.","Can you tell us what's going on there now?","Well, as you mentioned, fortunately the hurricane downgraded very fast and we were expecting a greater impact in several cities and communities of Jalisco, Colima and the states around that area. But fortunately no major damages have been registered so far."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The director general of the Mexican Red Cross is relieved that no significant damage has been reported and is thankful for the quick downgrade of Patricia.","questions":"How is the director general of the Mexican Red Cross feeling about the impact of Hurricane Patricia?","answer":"Relieved"}
{"text":["Yeah, a little bit. But, you know, he's not read em(ph) and freak brothers.","That would be a whole different story. That would say something different about his personality, I think.","Something a little more disturbing, I would say.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"read em\" could imply reading the comic book series \"The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers\", but it's possible that the speaker means something else depending on the context of the conversation.","questions":"How could \"read em\" be interpreted differently?","answer":"Differently"}
{"text":["One of the main things that the sheep people face is the predators. And coyotes, wolves will impact your herd and kill lambs and so forth. It's kind of hard to imagine. But, at one point, I was trapping as many coyotes in a year as when I had sheep running on the land. And this is one of the things that this Barrasso bill seemed to address is the threshold level and not letting that level be like a mirage that you never really get there.","I apologize in advance for my city kid naivete, but isn't there something you can do to prevent the coyotes from getting to your - do I say flock or herd?","It's difficult. You got to remember, you know, it takes 30 acres to run a cow on my place. And you just can't be every place at once. So consequently, the cows have to kind of take care of themselves. And predators are very hard to offset in that instance.","How would increased state involvement, which is called for in the Barrasso bill, improve things as far as you're concerned?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Despite efforts to protect livestock, it's difficult to fully control predators and their impact on the herd.","questions":"Which aspect of livestock management is challenging?","answer":"Livestock-management"}
{"text":["Diddley first began performing on street corners, and by 1951, he'd lined up a regular spot at the 708 Club. He also took on the name Bo Diddley, which some say is a play on the Southern slang for the term, nothing at all.","In 1955, Diddley found his way into a recording studio and recorded the song \"Bo Diddley. \"That song became a number one hit for Chess records. \"Hey, Bo Diddley\" and \"Who Do You Love?\"followed.","(Singing) I walked 47 miles of barbed wire. I Used a cobra snake for a neck tie. I got a brand new house on the roadside. Made from rattlesnake hide. I got a brand new chimney made on top. Made out of a human skull. Now come on, take a little walk with me Arlene and tell me, who do you love?","Who do you love?Who do you love?Who do you love?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies the days of humble beginning of Bo Diddley in the music industry.","questions":"How did Bo Diddley begin his career in music?","answer":"Street"}
{"text":["One of the things you can buy with bitcoins is illicit products, like drugs, for example. And it has proven to be a particularly attractive application for bitcoin because if you tried to set up a black market for drugs and accept credit card payments, the credit card networks would shut you down right away. But there's nobody who runs the bitcoin network, and so there's nobody the authorities can go to and say, shut down this network or reverse that payment.","I gather bitcoin's created through mining but not, like, chisel and cloud of dust mining. Right?","Yeah. So mining is the term that bitcoin people use for the process that computers use to kind of run the bitcoin network. There's a global shared record of who has made which payments to whom. And the computers that participate in this process get a reward of new bitcoins. Right now, every block, which happens about 10 minutes, you get a reward of 12. 5 bitcoins, which is worth more than $100,000. And they call it mining because you're creating new bitcoins in the process of running the network.","And that takes a lot of energy, I gather.","It does. One recent estimate said that the bitcoin network as a whole consumes about as much energy as the nation of Denmark."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : One of the things you can buy with bitcoins is illicit products, like drugs, for example. And it has proven to be a particularly attractive application for bitcoin because if you tried to set up a black market for drugs and accept credit card payments, the credit card networks would shut you down right away. But there's nobody who runs the bitcoin network, and so there's nobody the authorities can go to and say, shut down this network or reverse that payment.  In this turn, the actual meaning implies that bitcoin allows for anonymous transactions in illicit markets because it lacks a central authority that can control or shut down the network.","questions":"What is the advantage of using bitcoin for purchasing illicit products?","answer":"Anonymity"}
{"text":["It is.","Why do you think that will be effective?I mean, if someone's about to say something cruel (laughter), saying think about it - like, I don't know.","I think it's going to be somewhat effective but not very effective. I actually think that's true of all of the work that we're going to do. All of these problems are not solved by any one solution. They are complicated. I've also seen in the actual data that a minority but a significant minority of people do rewrite their comments, and they rewrite them in a much more pleasant way. Now, do most people rewrite their comments?No - because if you have an intent that's really intense to harass an individual, a polite comment from Instagram is not going to prevent you from doing so.","But sometimes people get caught up in the moment, and a lightweight reminder can actually help them rethink what they're doing or what they're saying. And so it's not supposed to be the solution that we hang our hat on for all of bullying. It's supposed to be one of many tools to try to prevent bullying from happening in the first place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : To \"hang your hat\" is a common metaphor that implies you have something you can rely and depend on, so here the speaker is saying that this solution isn't necessarily going to fix everything but it could definitely help.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the solution in turn 3?","answer":"somewhat"}
{"text":["We're now going to take a look at another flood and what lessons it may have for Houston and other cities facing the possibility of disaster. Twenty years ago, 50,000 residents were evacuated from Grand Forks, N. D. , when the red river burst its banks. At the time, it was the largest displacement ever in an American city.","What followed was a painful process of raising homes, redrawing maps and building flood walls. The town has been well-protected ever since. Michael Brown has been the mayor of Grand Forks since the year 2000. And he joins us now. Good morning.","Good morning.","So can you remind us, first, of the devastation your city faced in 1997?Take us back."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"a painful process of raising homes, redrawing maps and building flood walls\" implies that the recovery efforts in Grand Forks were challenging and required significant investment and resources, rather than a straightforward or easy process.","questions":"How would you describe the recovery process in Grand Forks?","answer":"Challenging"}
{"text":["And could you please describe the dish for us?","Yeah, without getting into all the controversy surrounding the dish, basically it consists of guanciale, which is the cured, salted cheek of a pig, tomatoes, usually tinned or jarred, not fresh tomatoes, pecorino, which is sheep's milk cheese, and a little bit of dried hot chili pepper, which the Italians called peperoncino.","And it was, at one point, distinct to this area of Italy.","It's hard to be absolutely hard and fast about these things. But, yes, I mean, there was a version which is currently called pasta Gricia, which is without the tomatoes, and that's definitely from this region. And it's probable that the version with tomatoes, which is called Amatriciana now, is from the region. But some people think that the tomatoes happened in Rome. Rome has certainly taken the dish to its heart, and you'll often find it described as a Roman pasta.","And what's the controversy that you were trying to avoid?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Implies that the speaker has knowledge of a controversy related to the dish, but doesn't want to talk about it.","questions":"What was the speaker trying to avoid discussing?","answer":"Controversy"}
{"text":["God, I know, the torment of it. You know, it's weird to be an artist who works really slow. I mean, we have a country that does not like people to take the time. We have a country that even its artists are on the punch-clock. So someone like me really stands out, you know. But you've got to do what you've got to do. And hopefully I can just finish it, forget how long it takes. As long as I can finish the darn thing, I'll be grateful.","Yeah, the last book took - I know it was sort of a painful process for you, wasn't it, this most recent book?","But, you know, that process gets lost. No one remembers it. No one - and that's what's the best part about being artist. There's all the sweat you break, all the dust you raise, all the sort of things, all the internal emotional timbre that goes in the work. No one will remember. That's the best part. All that's left is the actual work.","And, you know, my books, I try to keep the sweat off the books. So people read it, and they're like wow, this feels like this was effortless. That's a great - for me, more than anything, that's the best part of this. My work, that what I put into it doesn't show on the page. That's, like, great."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A feels pressure to work faster as an artist in a society that values speed and efficiency.","questions":"What is the best part of being an artist for A?","answer":"Effortless"}
{"text":["I know I'm going to get emails, perhaps you too, from people who say, look, I am an agnostic or an atheist really specifically because I thought organized religion had a hand in racializing in our society and a history with slavery and has not had a good effect on U. S.  history.","Sure. I'm not in any way suggesting in this article that I'm telling people that they need to go to religious services. I do think we know that civic connection more broadly tends to help people weather difficulties in their lives. There are many other ways other than doing it through religious institutions.","It just happens that the church has been probably the most central form of civic engagement that Americans have had. And so when Americans disengage from church, for many of them that essentially becomes de facto disengaging from any civic institution. It's not like they're replacing church with some other form of civic institution that might fill some of that same function.","Peter Beinart of The Atlantic. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) Suggesting that people don't need to go to religious services implies that they don't need to be part of an organized religion in order to engage in civic activities. ","questions":"Which form of civic engagement has been the most central in America?","answer":"Church"}
{"text":[". . . And because I've written certain things. And now I know that certain people in Saudi Arabia that I can't even name, people who work at the Royal Court, are putting names on a list, people like me and others. And these people are now blacklisted in this country. And we know it. I mean, we all know it, OK?So this is it. This is what's at stake.","Why do you think this is happening now?","What's different now is certain regimes, even if they were fierce and bold and sometimes ruthless with their own opponents, did not do this level of things abroad or in the daylight, OK?Mubarak could make opponents disappear in Egypt. He would never dare to touch someone in the streets of London or Berlin. The Saudi leadership used to kidnap some princes for family reasons in Switzerland or elsewhere, but they would not kill someone in the streets of Paris or Rome, OK?So this is now different. These countries today feel that they have withered an extraordinarily enormous storm, which is the Arab revolution that started in 2011, OK?So they are today on a full-blast quest and hunt against anybody who could threaten their political existence.","If the West specifically and the United States don't react forcefully to Jamal Khashoggi's disappearance, what do you think the effect will be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They would not do bad things were most people would find out about them.","questions":"How did previous regimes differ in their actions compared to the current Saudi leadership?","answer":"Actions"}
{"text":["How was that?","Well, it was astonishing. I think that the grown-ups around us were much too confused themselves to be able to sort of sit down and tell us that when they said that television sets belong to Satan, maybe they hadn't been right. Suddenly, we've got a television set in our house. Suddenly, we've got a radio. . .","Oh, boy.",". . . (Laughter) In our house. And suddenly, we're being taken to go and see \"Gone With The Wind\" in the cinema."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) - The speaker is expressing surprise and disbelief at the changes that have taken place in the household. ","questions":"What is the PersonA's reaction to the changes in the household?","answer":"Surprised"}
{"text":["Oh no. I think the debate is a crucial - the presidential race, even if you look at state by state. The key battleground states going in to November - Pennsylvania, Ohio, Florida, Michigan, all those states, very, very close. We saw in 1980 a very close race between Carter and Reagan. Once Reagan did really well on that debate, it boosted him and gave him a landslide victory. People are - even though there's three debate plus a vice presidential debate, people are expecting that the presidential race will be won or loss in these debates.","I saw CNN running a poll of expectations a little earlier today. People thinking that Senator Obama might do much better than Senator McCain in these debates. So, how will you know who's won?","Well, because I will tell you, you'll hear me on NPR. No. But I think the real reason is look, a lot of people thought that Al Gore would wipe the floor with George W.  Bush in 2000 and then somehow the media focused on Al Gore's sighs. Not a size, but sighs. His audible sighs during it. So, it's very interesting how we decide to focus on what's important and what's not important, which is unfortunate many times. But I think, it won't be after one debate you'll have three debates and then everybody will sit back and decide what happens.","Ken, I'll be guided by your wisdom tonight. NPR political editor, Ken Rudin. Thanks, Ken."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : wipe the floor with George Bush implies a lot of people though Al Gore would win by a wide margin","questions":"What did a lot of people think about Al Gore in 2000?","answer":"Win"}
{"text":["Joined by David Albright, he's president of the Institute for Science and International Security, speaking with us from Germany. Mr.  Albright, thanks so much for being with us.","Glad to be here.","We're a weekly show, so let let's go back a few days. Before North Korea said it would fire test missiles near Guam, before President Trump said the U. S.  is locked and loaded or vowed fire and fury, there was the news that North Korean had figured out how to put a nuclear bomb on a missile. Now, that's despite talks under the Bush administration or the 1994 deal with the Clinton administration. What's to be done?","Well, I think one is that I think there's time. I mean, the goal, I think, of everybody is to get negotiations going that can lead to denuclearization. People don't want North Korea to have nuclear weapons. It's just too dangerous, and it could cause further proliferation in the region and just constantly create instability that could lead to the use of nuclear weapons. So I think the goal is clear. How to get there is very difficult. And the Washington Post story kind of created a shock that somehow we don't have the time, that we're already in the bull's-eye of North Korea's nuclear weapons. As we sit in Seattle or. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Well, I think one is that I think there's time... And the Washington Post story kind of created a shock that somehow we don't have the time, that we're already in the bull's-eye of North Korea's nuclear weapons.\"  The literal meaning of this turn is that there is a perception that there is enough time to engage in negotiations for denuclearization, and a Washington Post story caused concern that time is running out and the threat of North Korea's nuclear weapons is imminent. However, the implicated meaning is that the perception of having enough time for negotiations is in contrast to the urgent and imminent threat posed by North Korea's nuclear weapons. The Washington Post story has highlighted the need for immediate action.","questions":"How did the Washington Post story affect the perception of time for negotiations?","answer":"Immediate"}
{"text":["Happy birthday NASA. Fifty years old today. Wonder how that feels?A former NASA engineer thinks this now middle-aged agency should try something new. Solve the energy crisis by collecting solar power through a space-based energy system. He's Glenn Smith. He oversaw science and applications experiments for the international space station when he was at NASA. We spoke earlier about his proposal.","You have very large solar cells, solar rays in space, probably 22 thousand miles out, so it circles the earth at the same speed that the earth rotates. It stays above one spot on the earth, and you convert that electric power into microwaves, and you beam it down near cities where large amounts of power are used. Receives it, converts it back to electric energy and feeds it into the existing power grid.","And that wouldn't be dangerous to anyone who got in the way of that ray coming down, or airplanes flying by, or anything?","Well, I've got a lot of questions about that. But here's what we have. The highest power level of the beam is only about one-fifth of the energy density of summer sunlight at noon. One-fifth. Tests have been run on bees and birds twice that level and they haven't found any effects yet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Space-based energy system could potentially solve energy crisis.","questions":"Which crisis could potentially be solved by a space-based energy system according to the dialogue?","answer":"Energy"}
{"text":["What is your guideline?When do you tell an officer he or she has to start recording?","NOPD policy requires them to record the entire encounter until any police action has ceased. So what we're finding out though sometimes the cameras aren't on. Sometimes they aren't wearing the cameras. And those are clear violations, but then there were also supervisors telling officers things like turn it off during, you know, sensitive matters, but not defining what a sensitive matter could be.","We're also hearing complaints that only parts of interactions are being recorded. That's one of the things we're hearing now. So the misconduct is occurring off-camera, but then they're recording, you know, perfectly professional encounters on camera. So that's one of the things we're also hearing now. And. . .","That's a big complaint and, of course, you wouldn't have any - ironically or incongruously - you wouldn't have a video record of that misconduct, but you would have a video record of them doing it right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Implied meaning: The speaker is indirectly suggesting that they may have information or opinions that they are hesitant to share openly.","questions":"Which turn implies that the speaker may have undisclosed information?","answer":"Indirectly"}
{"text":["You know, we like to be considered a young couple.","We are a young couple.","But I don't know about role model and the word role model, but I like the word responsibility. And Gina and I do feel a tremendous amount of responsibility in terms of the images we project, and the fact that, hopefully - you know, we get letters all the time, and I think one of the nicest letters we received was from one of our fans that watched the show that said, you know, you gals have really enhanced my marriage. Me and my husband, we get in the kitchen, we cook, and we spend time together. And it's those types of testimonies that really motivate Gina and I, and make us feel real good about what we're doing.","All right. Now, I want you to make my taste buds jump. I am not in front of any of your food, but I want you to describe this dish that sounds so intriguing, barbequed spaghetti. What does that taste like?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  All right. Now, I want you to make my taste buds jump. I am not in front of any of your food, but I want you to describe this dish that sounds so intriguing, barbequed spaghetti. What does that taste like?  The phrase \"make my taste buds jump\" is an idiomatic expression that means to describe something in a way that sounds so delicious that it creates a physical reaction in the listener.","questions":"How does \"make my taste buds jump\" create a physical reaction in the listener?","answer":"Delicious"}
{"text":["Yeah, Charles Bergquist is usually the victim of doing it.","Well, thank you, Charles.","And this year, it's September 20th?","September 20th. It's a Thursday night and the winners are going to be coming and great secrecy from five continents."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Charles Bergquist is often blamed for mistakes or problems.","questions":"How is Charles Bergquist usually perceived?","answer":"Blamed"}
{"text":["And, of course, a lot of the Democrats are aware of these shortfalls. And there are counties with only one insurance company and counties where it's not clear there are going to be any insurance companies. And some of that's been overblown, but there are real problems. And, of course, any bill, any large program, any law needs to be revisited and amended, and the parties need to get together to do that.","These insults this week flying back and forth between the president and Kim Jong Un - lunatic, frightened dog, dotard. I don't know about you, I had to look that one up.","We all did.","This is this just scenery chewing or are people in official Washington worried it could encourage something more destructive?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) implies that the speaker was surprised by the unusual words used in the exchange between the president and Kim Jong Un, and had to look up the meaning of one of them. ","questions":"Which word did the speaker have to look up?","answer":"Up"}
{"text":["Is there any recourse here whatsoever, and is there any way to see from here on out how companies are actually using this bailout money, to be very clear about where and who it's going to?","Well, if your question goes beyond executive compensation to how the money is being used, yeah, we have a special inspector general that is overseeing it. We also have the General Accounting Office doing some review. We do have a problem with the General Accounting Office; can it get bank records so we know what they're using their money for?No, we need to clarify that in the law. You know, the oversight is meant to be strong through the special inspector-general. As a practical matter, will it be?We're going to have to wait a month or two to find out.","Charles Grassley is the Republican senator from Iowa. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The oversight of the bailout money may not be as strong as it is intended to be.","questions":"What is the potential problem with the oversight of the bailout money?","answer":"Strength"}
{"text":["Tell us a little bit about Steve Elkins.","Well, he's a filmmaker. He's an amazing person. He's one of these - he's a true adventurer. I guess he's sort of a kid who never grew up. I'm kind of like that too. I mean, I never stopped dreaming about finding lost cities and being the first one in Egyptian tombs and that sort of thing. And he's sort of like that. And he had fallen in love 20 years ago with this whole White City legend and had been trying to find a way into this valley where this JPL Scientist has been seeing something for 20 years.","And he organized an expedition. It was washed out by Hurricane Mitch. And then he heard about LIDAR, and he said, wow, this is the way to find stuff in the jungle. Instead of sliding on the ground, let's fly over this valley and see if there's anything in there. So he called me up and he said, hey, do you want to be part of this expedition?","And you, of course, agreed and ran down to Central America and ended up as, well, I guess, extra cargo in the back of a very rickety old plane."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He is the sort of person that still acts like a kid even though he is an adult.","questions":"Which legend did Steve Elkins fall in love with?","answer":"White-City"}
{"text":["A lawsuit was filed this week in federal court on behalf of a man who moved from Puerto Rico to Southeast Georgia in 2017. He applied for a driver's license after waiting at the required 30 days. The man, Kenneth Caban Gonzalez, says that an inspector from the Georgia Department of Driver Services confiscated his documents and asked him a number of trivia questions such as, who is Roberto Clemente, and what is the name of the frog native only to Puerto Rico?He alleges he also asked trick questions such as, where is Caguas beach?There is no beach in Caguas.","The lawsuit accuses the state of violating the Civil Rights Act by holding residents of Puerto Rico to more stringent requirements than it does transplants from other U. S.  states. The advocacy group Latino Justice is litigating the case along with the Southern Center for Human Rights. And with us now is Gerry Weber. He's a senior attorney at the Southern Center.","Welcome. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The trivia questions asked by the inspector were discriminatory towards Puerto Ricans.","questions":"Which group is litigating the case along with the Southern Center for Human Rights?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["The so-called Energy Climate Czar, I think people are calling it. I suppose if we have a car czar, we have to have a climate czar. This is supposedly going to be Carol Browner, who was the head of EPA in both Clinton administrations, actually, I think probably the longest serving EPA director.","She's a lawyer. She used to work with Al Gore in the Senate. She has earned herself quite a reputation when she was working for President Clinton as a tough regulator, someone who defended the Clean Air Act vigorously against lawsuits brought by industry questioning some of the scope of the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act. So she comes with, again, quite a lot of green credentials and reputation for being very savvy on how Washington works.","And finally, Chris, can you tell us a bit about who is going to head up Mr.  Obama's EPA?","Again, the name that's being bandied about quite a bit about is a woman named Lisa Jackson. She is a chemical engineer, and she is working currently as the environment - she started working as the environment head for the state of New Jersey in 2006. And again, she also worked at EPA during the Clinton years, so we've got a couple of people here who were Clinton executives and environmental movers and shakers during the Clinton administration."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The term 'Czar' is used to refer to the head of a certain field, although it does not hold any official title or position in the government.","questions":"How is the Energy Climate Czar's position defined?","answer":"Undefined"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Pope Francis issued what's called an apostolic exhortation this week called The Joy of Gospel. And in his exhortation, he upheld church teachings while signaling a new openness to conversation about change. Maybe most notably the pope criticized the way much of the world, including the United States, does business. He warned against what he called an economy of exclusion, arguing that the very structural causes of poverty must be addressed. We turn now to Father James Martin, a noted Jesuit and culture editor of the Jesuit magazine America. He joins us from Philadelphia today. Father Jim, thanks for being with us.","THE REV. JAMES MARTIN: My pleasure.","What's the pope exhorting his church to do?","Well, I would say in this document he's asking us to do three things. Number one, remember the importance of joy. When we preach the Gospel, he inveighs against sourpusses - that's the English translation."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : POPE ISSUED THE JOY OF GOSPEL AND HIS EXHORTION,AND TO REMEMBER THE IMPORTANCE OF JOY","questions":"How did Pope Francis signal a new openness to conversation about change in his apostolic exhortation?","answer":"Openness"}
{"text":["Well, yes, he was. Later I found out what he was really brilliant at, which was lying. He had a physics degree, a mathematics degree and an economics degree, I think, from three different Ivy League colleges. So, why doubt him?Especially once you've seen the props. Once you've seen the art, you buy the person.","He'd married to a successful woman named Sandy who paid all the bills. How could this smart woman be with this fraud?","I can only answer that question by telling you why I bought this fraud. He was charming. He had a story that explained everything. And so when she came into his life, he had perfected his act to the extent that he'd anticipated every question, had an answer for everything. So, it's like a magic trick. After you know how it works, it seems so obvious. But when it happening, you're enchanted.","There was a moment when he gave you the personal phone number of the president, and I forget what the occasion was - but he said go ahead, try it. You'll get him directly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"He gave you the personal phone number of the president, and I forget what the occasion was - but he said go ahead, try it. You'll get him directly.\" - This turn is using hyperbole. It means that the fraudster was so convincing that he made the speaker believe he had access to the president's personal phone number. It is unlikely that the president would give out their personal phone number to a stranger.","questions":"What does turn 3 suggest about the fraudster's claims?","answer":"Unlikely"}
{"text":["And then there's the hurricane season that starts in the Atlantic tomorrow.","Yeah. And of course, hurricanes are changing as the Earth warms. This is sort of the classic, archetypal climate-affected weather system. They're getting larger and wetter. They're dropping more rain. Think Hurricane Harvey in Texas in 2017. Think Hurricane Florence in the Carolinas last year. This year, the Weather Service predicts a normal year. I'm putting that in scare quotes. That means two to four major hurricanes. But it only takes one of those hitting the U. S.  to do a lot of damage, so it all adds up to just an enormous amount of flood danger for a lot of Americans.","That's NPR science reporter Rebecca Hersher. Becky, thank you.","Thanks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Hurricanes are becoming more dangerous due to climate change.","questions":"Which type of weather system is becoming wetter and dropping more rain due to climate change?","answer":"hurricanes"}
{"text":[". . . (Laughter) In our house. And suddenly, we're being taken to go and see \"Gone With The Wind\" in the cinema.","(Laughter).","So for me, I just remember this incredible sense of vertigo and glancing at my mother constantly, like, is this OK?Are we allowed to do this?","How did working on this make sense of your childhood for you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) In turn (1), the speaker uses the phrase \"taken to go and see\" to mean that they were brought to see the movie \"Gone With The Wind\" in the cinema. The phrase \"taken to go\" does not have a literal meaning that makes sense, but it is a common idiom that means to be brought or escorted somewhere.","questions":"Which idiom did the speaker use in turn (1) to describe going to see \"Gone With The Wind\" in the cinema?","answer":"Taken-to-go"}
{"text":["So your position would be that your dean of students would be there, even if there were some Oberlin students who decided to have a Make America Great rally.","Absolutely. The content of the speech isn't relevant. And she's supposed to be a liaison to the police. And, in fact, the police contacted her staff to talk about this particular protest as it was happening. So it wouldn't matter whether they were there for a Make America Great rally or whether they were there to talk about some progressive cause. The content of the speech is not why we're there. It's there to be able to protect the community and to make it a lawful protest.","Racism is an ugly charge. Can you see why the Gibsons were upset by it?","Oh, absolutely. I - absolutely. If you're called a name that you don't believe is true, then I can absolutely see why the Gibsons were upset."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Gibsons were upset because they were called a name they believed was untrue","questions":"How did the Gibsons feel after being called a name they believed was untrue?","answer":"upset"}
{"text":["Why the need for this guide?","We know that people are going to be asking themselves is the gift that I'm giving or asking for going to be secure and private?And as you said, most holiday shopping guides are focused on price and performance, and this guide is focused on privacy and security.","It's not just smart speakers, is it?It's a lot of devices that we've quite willingly and comfortably made part of our everyday lives.","That's absolutely right. And we're particularly looking at the area of connected-to gifts because more and more consumer products are connected to the Internet. So one interesting space that we've looked at is this new emerging toy category of drones. I have an 11-year-old who's pretty excited about drones, and it turns out that many of them connect to insecure wireless and therefore can be taken over, both the information they collect but also the device itself. So we think that consumers would want to know information like that when they're considering a drone gift."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : smart speakers implies the electronic devices are incorporated or equipped with computer or digital technology","questions":"How are drones vulnerable?","answer":"Insecure"}
{"text":["No, he has not. And. . .","How are you going to get him to do it?","Well, I'm not worried about process. We expect to be able to get all the information we want. It'll be sooner or later. I hope it'll be sooner, not later. But I can guarantee you one of the things that we can guarantee is we're not going to sit idly by and allow this kind of obstruction.","If everything goes the way you would like it to unfold in the House - if the president is impeached and then Republicans in the Senate protect him, does that end up playing right into the White House's hands?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They are not going to do nothing while the obstruction is going on.","questions":"What is one thing that they can guarantee?","answer":"Guarantee"}
{"text":["When we say those reductions are temporary, we have to remember that they go until at least 2025. So for most of us out there, regular working folks, seven years of tax reductions is a big deal. We can have that fight again in seven years. I'm sure the Democrats will be promoting increasing taxes in seven years. That's what the Democrats always promote. The Democrat plan today was to increase taxes by over a trillion dollars. So we have to remember what our alternative option was with the other party.","But why make it temporary for individuals who might need that tax relief when corporations, who are doing very well, get a permanent. . .","Yeah, you and I are on the same page. I think that's craziness. I don't like temporary tax reductions. I don't like temporary legislative fixes, generally. I want to see permanent legislative fixes. So I am against the fact that they are temporary, but I'd rather have, as a person who pays these taxes, as a middle-income person - I'd rather have seven years of tax reduction than what the Democrats were proposing, which was a trillion dollars in increased taxes.","I'd like to talk about the political ramifications. By and large, polls show this isn't popular, and it pushes through some very substantial changes in the financial lives of Americans. Do you think that there will be a cost come 2018?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"I'm sure the Democrats will be promoting increasing taxes in seven years. That's what the Democrats always promote.\" - The speaker is using hyperbole and making a generalization that may not be true for all Democrats.","questions":"What is the party that the speaker suggests will promote increasing taxes in seven years?","answer":"Democrats"}
{"text":["There is no good precedent for thinking that these peace talks will work well for exactly the reason that you have said. The Syrian regime and its allies should - have at no point countenanced the idea that Bashar al-Assad will step down. And then the opposition negotiating committee reiterated in London this week that they foresee a six-month transitional period at the end of which Assad is no longer the president of Syria. So that's a pretty big sticking point.","And starts on Monday?","Starts on Monday at sundown, which is also the beginning of the Muslim Eid festival, yes.","Alice Fordham in Beirut. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In (1), A is expressing a pessimistic view about the chances of success for the peace talks in Syria. A is highlighting a major obstacle to the talks, which is the opposing views on the future of Bashar al-Assad's presidency. A is suggesting that this disagreement is a significant barrier to progress and is indicating that there are no positive examples from the past to suggest that the talks will be successful.","questions":"How is PersonA describing the opposition's demand regarding the future of Bashar al-Assad's presidency?","answer":"Transitional"}
{"text":["The field is shrinking. That's the first thing that's happened. There are going to be 10 candidates and only 10. And for the first time, you're going to see the top three candidates standing next to each other in the center stage. That's Joe Biden, who's been leading the polls, Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders. And what most people are waiting to see is if there will be a Warren-Biden clash.","OK. So of those three candidates you just named, Joe Biden remains still at the top of the Democratic field. But he hasn't had really great debate performances. So the one question I have is, how much do debates really matter to the campaign?","You know, you can make an argument that the debates really haven't mattered much because look at Joe Biden. He's still on top of the field even though he has not had a good performance in the debates. Elizabeth Warren has moved up steadily, but not because of anything she did in the debates. It's because she's had all these plans, and she's performed well on the campaign trail. But in one sense, the debates are having an impact, and it's a negative one because the overall image of the Democrats and their policy ideas has gotten more negative among the general electorate as this debate season has gone on.","Interesting. The debates have not been great PR for the Democratic Party. Well, Elizabeth Warren has been gaining support the past few months. She's going to be facing Joe Biden onstage for the first time. What do you think her hardest challenges are going to be onstage?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : there isn't a \"top\" of a field... it just means he is performing the best currently","questions":"Which candidate is currently at the top of the Democratic field?","answer":"Joe"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, you know, I've been all over places talking about this because clearly as a scientist who understands the peer review literature and the president of the AMS, who recently released a 2012 climate change statement, I know that climate change is an issue and there are things that we need to be concerned about with human-caused climate change and the natural climate change.","But on tornados, the peer review literature is just not very mature on this right now. It's much more mature on the link between climate change and drought or heat waves or even the intensity of rainfall, and even more so as well on hurricanes in terms of the intensity of hurricanes, perhaps, increasing in the future. And if I were to cascade along that spectrum, scientific literature relating individual tornadic occurrence in climate change is very immature at this point","I think we have to be careful on that jump, although I know there's a tendency to do it. There is great deal of research ongoing right now at places like Purdue University or even by one of our doctoral students, Victo Gensini, here at the University of Georgia, looking at climate change and the type of environment that might emerge that could support, you know, tornadic storms, wind shear profiles that Jeff Trapp and others at Purdue have been doing this work as well. So that's sort of where we are, and I think we just have to be very careful on sort of causality for individual tornadic storms.","And that's where we have to leave it. Thank you for joining us today, Dr.  Shepherd."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : On tornadoes there is not a lot of peer review literature to read. There are more articles and studies on climate change and drought and other things. If the person were to glance at articles in those areas he would still find very few on tornadic activity.","questions":"What is the main focus of Dr. Shepherd's caution regarding the link between individual tornadic occurrence and climate change?","answer":"Environment"}
{"text":["Same for the rap charts and also pop. I mean, you said that this is a city that has an impact on black music. You know, Atlanta has made black music popular music. These are artists that are on the Hot 100, the biggest songs in the country. So, I am very hopeful.","Dee Dee, same thing.","Right. For me, you know, I look at the new emerging talents like Jazzpects and Hollywierd and Proton. You know, I see a whole new 'nother birth of musicians coming up, and again, just being on the live music scene last night, I was at the Smith's Olde Bar to see Anthony David and Jazzpects and Redlands and Proton and Yellow Wolf, which are all underground artists that are stemming away from the norm.","Jazzpects is fusing hip-hop and jazz. And Yellow Wolf, on the total opposite the spectrum, is a white rapper that is - he has a group called the Dixie Mafia that is a really, really - he is an excellent rapper, that is fusing a lot of the blue grass and country and, you know, middle-America stuff with hip-hop."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Yellow Wolf is blending bluegrass and country with hip-hop","questions":"What is Yellow Wolf fusing with hip-hop?","answer":"Country"}
{"text":["So, you've got a lot of expenses. How are you coping with those expenses right now?","Well, the thing is, I'm, you know, it's almost paycheck to paycheck. I don't have much savings. In fact, I have very little savings. We eat in. We don't go out anymore. And as far as buying clothing, forget about that. I haven't bought a decent pair of shoes in months.","Your daughter is getting ready to go to college in a few years. Has she thought about where she wants to go, and have you thought about how you're going to pay for it?","Well, we talk about it every day now. And she just, you know, I don't know how we're going to pay for it, but we are trying to find ways. In fact, I told her that she will have to probably do something, to do work-study, because I will not be able to afford sending her on my type of income in my lifestyle, OK?And I won't ever be able to retire."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  I'm, you know, it's almost paycheck to paycheck meaning they don't have much money","questions":"Which word describes PersonA's financial state?","answer":"Little."}
{"text":["You know, it's - well, my wife and I are just trying to adjust to whatever kind of a Christmas that we can have. To have this on top of all our - all the other stress and pressures going on, it's just overwhelming.","Originally, the value of your condominium was more than $200,000. Do you have any idea what it might fetch today at this auction?","I believe that the lenders are going to probably try to get the most that they can from it. So there's probably a good chance that no - there may be no takers for it. But I can tell you that the surrounding condos that are similar to that are going for well below 100,000.","So you've known for a while now that it was going to go up for auction today. How have you been getting ready for this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Auction price will be low and very high","questions":"Which price?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["This has been just week one of the trial. And as we noted, there's another Manafort trial ahead. And gosh knows what the fallout will be in reporting about the lobbying industry. But do you - is it possible, do you think, that the lobbying industry - is it some kind of break point, as arguably it was, let's say, a decade ago about the Jack Abramoff revelations?","It might be, particularly for foreign interests. I know that there's a lot of concern from the president on down of people everywhere trying to get at America and learn our interests and learn our secrets. And there may be some attempt to have more transparency about public lobbying for foreign interests.","I mean, the suggestion is, they'd just walk out on K Street, hire somebody, and that's how they'd do it.","Right. That's right. And I think people would say, I think we need to have a little bit more oversight. You know, we don't want individuals - American lobbyists - looking for secrets and then selling them to our foreign adversaries. It kind of reminds me in a way of, like, the 1950s. You know, we're all real nervous about what foreigners are doing, so let's pass some laws to make sure that America doesn't help our enemies."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There may be a need for more transparency in lobbying for foreign interests.","questions":"How is oversight related to American lobbyists and foreign adversaries?","answer":"Oversight"}
{"text":["What is at the top of your to-do list right now today?","Right now, we continue to monitor Dorian. As you well know, you know, we continue to go up our East Coast. We're positioned to support all four states. Florida is looking fairly good right now, however, they still have some impacts.","But we really don't want our citizens to, you know, fall asleep on this storm. Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, they're going to feel the blunt of Hurricane Dorian - a lot of rain, a lot of surge and a lot of wind primarily down on the coast. But, you know, these things can that create weather hazards well inland, so - and they're doing a great job of being prepared for that. So we're focused on supporting our states, supporting our locals.","Four states is a long stretch of coastline. This storm is so big. How does that affect your preparations?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : top of to-do list means something the person really needs to do first.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the East Coast?","answer":"Up"}
{"text":["Yes. That was one of my big questions. Is that's possible?Or do we just make up strategies to pretend that we're leading normal lives?We were all carrying coins in our pockets to be able to call from a payphone if there was a bombing and say I'm OK.  We were spending more and more time indoors. So, we changed our way of living social lives. And we also changed the way we were sons and daughters because we knew that something could happen to your loved ones. So, no, no, there were not normal times. But it's astonishing, this capability humans have to pretend. It's very useful, by the way, but I don't know if it's entirely what we should do.","Juan Gabriel Vasquez. His new novel is \"The Sounds of Things Falling. \"It's translated by Anne McLean. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you very much, Mr.  Simon. It was a pleasure to talk to you.","You're listening to WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The host is signaling the end of the segment, indicating that the program is transitioning to a different topic or ending.","questions":"What is the name of the author and his new novel mentioned by B?","answer":"Juan"}
{"text":["Absolutely. I think some Republicans have. The administration has missed a political opportunity to expand their base. They're speaking to a very small portion of the Republican base, and it's a big missed opportunity for them.","You engaged with President Obama and the Democrats on this issue. Explain how you did that.","I was asked by the State Department to travel to India and Germany and meet with mayors in those countries to talk about what the U. S.  is doing and, in the case of India, to encourage those local mayors to influence President Modi of India to actually come to Paris and sign the agreement. That was up in the air for a long period of time.","You know, what the mayors in India told me, for instance, was that the U. S. 's leadership means a lot. It helps them get to where they want to be, and that's probably my greatest fear with this change, is that some of these countries won't come along. And so my message to those mayors I spoke with in India today would be - simply because the federal government isn't going to make progress, our mayors are going to continue to make progress. We're going to keep our word. We're going to honor the commitments made and continue to improve the air quality and reduce our carbon emissions in each of our cities."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"keep our word\" - this is a figurative expression meaning to fulfill a promise or commitment, rather than literally retaining the ability to speak.","questions":"Which expression used by PersonA means to fulfill a promise or commitment?","answer":"Keepourword"}
{"text":["How fair or accurate is the idea that Joan Kroc gave away Ray Kroc's money to a lot of places and causes of which he would not have approved?","A lot of old-guard McDonald's people I've talked to are angry that Joan made gifts that, in their estimation, were more liberal-leaning than Ray, perhaps, would've liked, including her million-dollar gift to the Democrats - now - and her active work in the peace movement and building these peace institutes at both Notre Dame and the University of San Diego.","I don't think she did it to spite Ray or to get back at him at all, although I do know that during the course of their marriage, she said she suppressed her politics and her interests in some ways because she didn't want to seem untoward. And yet, that doesn't square up with the fact that she started this alcoholism education charity while Ray was clearly afflicted. So the dichotomy or the juxtaposition of all these odd facts with Joan is what makes her so interesting to me. She was a very complicated person.","Lisa Napoli, her book, \"Ray And Joan: The Man Who Made The Mcdonald's Fortune And The Woman Who Gave It All Away. \""],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies the complexity of Joan's personality and the interesting contradictions in her life and actions.","questions":"How would you describe Joan's personality?","answer":"Complicated"}
{"text":["It's a love letter to my mother. I love my mother very, very much. She gave me everything. She was a wonderful mother. She gave me the most magnificent childhood in Edinburgh, and she had no pattern for that. She was suffering so much as a child. She was kept very closeted. Nobody ever told her anything of love. She was very, very solitary, lonely and unhappy child. And yet she invented herself and became this wonderful mother to me.","And at the same time, I felt that her version of events, which was utter doom and terrible villainy, couldn't necessarily be completely true because everybody's version of their story is slightly different.","Of course.","And so I wanted to turn it and turn it like a kaleidoscope to see whether I could see what these people's motives really were. And was it so terrible?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning is that the speaker questions the accuracy of their mother's version of events. The implied meaning is that people have different perspectives and interpretations of events, and that the speaker wants to understand the motives behind their mother's actions.","questions":"Which motives does the speaker want to understand?","answer":"Motives"}
{"text":["And, of course, in \"Hamlet\" there's that famous play within a play, which, in my version, was a book within a book. And in this book, in \"Romeo And\/Or Juliet,\" there's actually two books within a book. When Juliet is taking that sleeping potion, she's out of the play for 42 hours. And while she's knocked out, she has a dream, which is \"A Midsummer Night's Dream. \"And you can play through that as Juliet in her subconscious.","And when Romeo's banished to Mantua, he's also kicked out of the narrative for a while. And he can visit the library and read a book called \"Fair Is Foul And\/Or Foul Is Fair\" which is obviously \"Macbeth\" done in this format. So I tried to cram all the Shakespeare I could into this because I'm not sure there's that many other plays that would lend themselves so easily to this format.","It has to be a play with which people are generally familiar, too.","Well, that's the fun of it, right, because you know what these characters are supposed to be like. And when you kind of push them off the rails a little bit, there's a sense of breaking the rules that's a lot of fun, I think. It's fun to write (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn 4, \"It's fun to write (laughter)\" implies that the speaker enjoys writing a story which challenges the conventional expectations of the characters.","questions":"What does the speaker find enjoyable in writing?","answer":"Challenging"}
{"text":["There might be more by tomorrow.","OK. Yes. So do so many presidential campaigns suck up a lot of money and political talent from potential Senate races?","I think it's a good question. I think, on the one hand, yes. I mean, there are Senate races that need top-tier campaign managers, finance directors, field directors. Those folks who may be going to a presidential campaign because they see their opportunity are not taking jobs on Senate campaigns is definitely a problem. I think in terms of resources with the push to really cultivate these small dollar donors and use that to fund these campaigns, there's almost an endless supply of these folks. So I don't know that, from a money angle, they're sucking up resources. I think from a staff angle, it can be difficult. But you hope that on the flip side what you're getting are a lot more people who are engaged in working in politics than they might have been before.","Anne Caprara, formerly the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, now the chief of staff to the new governor of Illinois, thanks very much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to suck up in this context means that they use a lot of something, in this case its using a lot of money for campaigns","questions":"How does PersonA describe the abundance of small-dollar donors for funding campaigns?","answer":"endless"}
{"text":["What has made Megan Rapinoe the standout name for the United States in these games?","Gosh, everything about her, both on the pitch and off. So she scored all four U. S.  goals in these last two games.","Wow.","She has been outspoken throughout her career on human rights and LGBTQ issues. She made headlines for a spicy comment she made earlier this year when she said, there is no bleeping way I'm going to the White House if the team wins the World Cup. And Trump responded with some angry tweets of his own. She is brilliant in play, her strategy, her execution. She is a clear fan favorite. Let me read you (laughter), the headline on Deadspin, on the website Deadspin, when the U. S.  beat host country France in their last game. Here's what they said - \"Purple-Haired Lesbian Goddess Flattens France Like A Crepe. \"","OK, wow."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : spicy comment means in this context that the person said something controversial","questions":"How would you describe Megan Rapinoe's comment about going to the White House?","answer":"Spicy"}
{"text":["Where to begin the week in politics?The Mooch removed, the White House staff shaken - if not stirred - more leaks, a rally and more developments in the Russian investigation. In studio, we have Molly Ball, staff writer who covers politics for The Atlantic. Molly, thanks for being back with us.","I'm glad to be here.","Isn't that what we got in the news business?It's never dull, is it?","It really has not been. And in a way, this White House is really a gift to all of us in the journalistic community. When we might have traditionally been slacking off for the summer, particularly on the political beat - there's usually sort of a summer doldrums - but no, we have the bounty of news that seems to flood every week out of Washington."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The chaos in the White House is providing a lot of news content for journalists to cover.","questions":"How is the White House currently benefiting journalists?","answer":"Content"}
{"text":["I'm Tony Cox, and this is News & Notes. Ending a relationship is never easy. The person breaking up often tries to use words to soften the blow. I'm not ready to be in a committed relationship or it's not you, it's me. And the person being dumped is left trying to figure out just where things went wrong. A year ago, author Rachel Skerritt decided that she wanted to get to the bottom of all of her ex-boyfriends' vague explanations for ending their relationships. So, she called the men in her past and asked them to tell her exactly why they stopped wanting to be with her. Rachel joins me now. Welcome to News & Notes, Rachel.","Thanks, Tony.","Rachel, why in the world would you want to know this?","Well, I'm a tough cookie. I should say that first off, but I'm also a writer and the idea came to me after that whole \"He's Just Not That Into You\" phenomenon, the book not the movie. And a lot of my friends were reading it as if they had found, you know, the answers to everything. Oh, he's just not that into me, that explains it. But there was this whole missing why piece, why not. And as you said, guys seem trained to give these stock answers so as not to hurt feelings, but I really wanted the real deal. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Responding to say that A is a tough cookie is implying that she is strong enough to handle the truth of why B or past boyfriends were not that into her.","questions":"How would you describe PersonA's personality based on PersonB's response to her in turn 3? (Answer: Strong)","answer":"strong"}
{"text":["North Korea is on the verge of a nuclear breakout. It has an arsenal estimated in the mid-teens. It's been assiduously testing ballistic missiles. It does have reach. It could target America's regional allies. The real inflection point here is that by 2020, they could have a hundred nuclear weapons instead of the mid-teens with long-range ballistic missiles that could reach the U. S.  homeland, which would make it a game-changer for the United States.","Well, how?","Well, it would allow them to directly target the United States. And that's a level of vulnerability we've never had from a state like North Korea. I mean, when I got into this business, I couldn't have conceived of a state like North Korea, essentially a failed state, having a nuclear arsenal approaching half the size of Great Britain's.","We're left with, really, three bad options - one - you know - bomb, negotiate or acquiesce. And the military option is so prohibitively costly it could lead to a catastrophic second Korean War. And when we can't - when we won't negotiate, we end up in that third box of acquiescing to the development of North Korean capabilities. And I believe there's a moment - a conjunction of factors that call for a pivot to serious diplomacy.","Well, what would that serious diplomacy look like?I mean, I - the United States would have to - what?- accept a. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) A: \"And I believe there's a moment - a conjunction of factors that call for a pivot to serious diplomacy.\" - The literal meaning would be that the speaker thinks it's time to switch to more serious diplomacy with North Korea. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker believes that the current situation with North Korea calls for a change in approach and a greater emphasis on diplomacy rather than military action or acquiescence to North Korea's nuclear capabilities.","questions":"Which approach does the speaker believe needs to be emphasized more in dealing with the current situation with North Korea?","answer":"Diplomacy"}
{"text":["Now, when we look at this, what they're doing, there was a - you know, in some ways perhaps a minor incident, but a telling one where the British publication, the Telegraph, reported online that the G8 leaders enjoyed a six course lunch followed by an eight course dinner. African leaders were not invited and of course they're talking about the global hunger situation. There was a lot of static about that. Do you think that, that was symbolic in any way or just, you know, big time world business as usual?","Well, Farai now you're going to draw the cynical side out of me. This was an incredibly stupid, careless move, by the G8 leaders where they basically seemed to have thought off camera they could do whatever they wanted to. And they demonstrated, for all to see, the contempt actually that they have towards the rest of the world.","That they basically - they see themselves, as in effect, the rulers of this planet. So, when they're on camera there'll be the tears, there'll be the concern. Off camera you saw this hideous example of consumption.","What do you think the G8 leaders should be doing in terms of an Africa agenda?I'm going to get to a couple of specific things, specific national issues of Zimbabwe and Nigeria in a second."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : G8 leaders' off-camera behavior contradicts their on-camera concern and shows their excessive consumption.","questions":"How did the G8 leaders demonstrate their contempt for the rest of the world?","answer":"Consumption"}
{"text":[". . . as a humorous guy, for example.","No.","Back in the old days of apartheid.","Although lots of the things the racist rulers said were very funny. I don't think they intended it that way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Although lots of the things the racist rulers said were very funny.I don't think they intended it that way.\"","questions":"How did the racist rulers intend their statements?","answer":"Unintended"}
{"text":["Yeah. Yeah.","It could've taken a long time to write.","Yeah. Some playwright, you know, trying to, trying to, you know, solve the Alzheimer's problem. So, yeah.","But it can pull you in, right?You know, these mysteries of science."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The playwright is not really trying to solve Alzheimer's problem.","questions":"Which problem is the playwright trying to solve?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["But much more would need to be done to know really when the best time of day would be to eat different kinds of vegetables.","OK. So you started with cabbage. Are there any other veggies that look enticing, so to speak, for you to study or sort of similar to a cabbage cycle?","Well, what we did after we found that this result worked with cabbage, we decided to try to see how broad a phenomenon this might be. We started with other leafy vegetables like spinach and lettuce, and we could show that in the lab, we could re-entrain their circadian rhythms also. And then since those worked, we then went back to the grocery store and bought things like zucchini and blueberries and sweet potatoes and carrots. And of all these we could show could perceive these light-dark signals and reactivate their clock and show rhythmic behaviors.","Mm-hmm. Now, I'm picturing a big head of cabbage. And, you know, cabbage has lots of leaves on it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The vegetables don't have a clock. They have a system that is regulated according to light.","questions":"What is regulated according to light in vegetables?","answer":"rhythms"}
{"text":["If I had any confidence that another state would follow suit, I would agree with you. But we have watched as, really, only two states in the nation have done truly independent congressional redistricting. Neither of them are what I would call red states. And one of them is California, the state with the largest number of congressional seats in the country. And even though California moved forward with their independent redistricting, not one Republican state followed suit. So if what we're trying to do is have more Republicans in Congress, then I would say, yes, we back Governor Hogan's plan and just change it in Maryland.","But this sounds a little bit like a playground argument. Well, if they're not going to do it, I'm not going to do it, either, regardless of what may be right.","Well, that's what my bill solves. It allows for two states to do it simultaneously. And hopefully, that then moves a process forward that other states can then join.","Is there buy-in from Virginia?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker's bill allows for more states to follow suit in independent congressional redistricting.","questions":"Which bill is being referred to in the dialogue?","answer":"Bill"}
{"text":["So tell me about this painting. Maybe take us back to 1982, when he was painting it at 21 years old, a few years before he died of a heroin overdose at 27.","It's 1981, 1982. You have this 21-year-old artist having their debut in New York, and it goes off like an atomic bomb. Basquiat, of course, is probably the only artist of color involved in any part of the art world at that time, and he was a spectacle to behold. I saw him on the streets of New York, and he truly was what he was called - a radiant child.","He's of Haitian and Puerto Rican descent. He's been called America's Van Gogh. Talk about his importance to the art world.","Basquiat is an extraordinary example of taking his own identity growing up as a black man in New York, combining it with art history via a lot of expressionistic wild-style painting where every single inch of the surface is activated and coming at you with optical power aggressively so, really hard."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Basquiat faced discrimination due to his race in the art world, and his success was groundbreaking for artists of color.","questions":"Which artist was a \"spectacle to behold\" according to A?","answer":"Basquiat"}
{"text":["Well, they basically came to myself, and from what I found out tens of thousands, if not hundreds of thousands of small businesses, and cut our credit limits down to bare bones. We had had a - what they call guidance of $165,000, which they tell you you have no credit limit, but you really do. They cut it to $5,000 which was laughable. We're a company with sales into eight figures and profits into seven figures, never have had a lost, been in business 27 years, and we called to question it. We were treated very poorly. The woman was actually nasty on the phone.","So we thought we don't need American Express, we have Capital One, Visa cards, and MasterCard, and everything else, and so we just closed our American Express account. I personally went from a Platinum card to a Green card just to have in case of an emergency. So I've not spent a penny with American Express in over a year, so I knew why I got the letter.","Well, tell me why they made that decision to cut your credit line from - you said $165,000 to $5,000?","Mm hmm. Yes. They seemed to have just gone into a panic last January, and I've seen comments all over the Web from other small businesses owners who had the same thing happened to them. They did it without warning. They actually refused charges we had made even though we weren't above our credit limit, we weren't delinquent."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : bare bones refers to their credit being SIGNIFICANTLY reduced","questions":"What was the guidance amount before the credit limit was reduced to $5,000?","answer":"$165,000"}
{"text":["Oh, yes. You know, capitalism evolved into the Wild, Wild West form of capitalism in which regulation was relatively lax, I mean, which leverage in borrowing produced the combined phenomena where, you know, everyone assumed that prices of everything would always go up and never go down. Witness the phenomena with housing prices.","Now, all of that's changed. We've understood that there's a need for regulation, for control in terms of lending, and for an assumption of reduced expectations in terms of return. And so, yeah, capitalism as defined over the past 10 or 20 years, in which prices only went down for a year or two, and then they snapped back up and reached for accelerated and new highs, those days are disappearing quickly.","Bill Gross is Managing Director of Pacific Investment Management Company, which has more than $720 billion of investments. Bill, thank you.","Thank you very much, Alex."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The days of capitalism defined by constantly increasing prices and reaching new highs are disappearing quickly.","questions":"What is disappearing quickly?","answer":"Days"}
{"text":["The majority of the Secret Service agents were very acceptable of me coming in to the White House detail. There were only a few who were dead-set against any integration policies or equal-opportunity policies that were being enforced by President Kennedy, giving equal opportunity to all people, regardless of race, religion, color or ethnic background.","And I think that President Kennedy was serious, and he was doing these things not for a political purpose, but because he felt it in his heart that America could be a much better place if we didn't have all of these divisions and restrictions on people of ethnic backgrounds and minorities.","So now I foresaw that the weaknesses in the protection on President Kennedy would allow his assassination if any serious attempt would be made against his life, and I did everything in my power to stem that threat against our young president.","What threats did you hear against the president's life and when?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"he felt it in his heart\" - This phrase means that President Kennedy strongly believed in the cause of equal opportunity and integration, rather than just thinking about it logically.","questions":"What did President Kennedy feel strongly about according to turn 1?","answer":"Equal-opportunity"}
{"text":["Let me go from pickles to apples and Poland because the agricultural minister apparently went on TV saying he thought Russia had broken international law with the embargo. And now they're asking the United States to purchase Poland's excess apples, which must be a lot of apples. Is Poland more exposed than, say, Germany?","On fruit, Poland is much more exposed than Germany. If you look at the exposure of countries - Poland on produce, Britain on finance, France has a big military order with Russia and there's a dispute over whether those vessels - those ships should be delivered. And for Germany, Volkswagen - those are the companies that are worried. So the food sanctions business doesn't hit Germany like it hits Poland.","Norwegian salmon - I guess there's also concern there too because even - there's only so much salmon even Norwegians themselves can eat and they need Russia's - that market.","Sure, and that's a big market for Norway. Fish producers in Britain are also very worried about it. But the countries say they will go on. And they also assert who's this going to hurt?If you read the Russian press, there is a view that sanctions against - or the reverse sanctions, as it were, by Russia against the European Union will actually help Russian producers. They say this is the chance for us to produce and to get our own markets going."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Looks like we have a lot to catch up on\" might imply that the speaker and listener have not talked or seen each other in a while and there is a lot of news or updates to share.","questions":"What might the speaker and PersonB have missed if they need to catch up?","answer":"Updates"}
{"text":["Hello.","What happened to you this morning?What happened in Kathmandu?","Well, we were on a staff retreat with our editors and reporters up on a mountaintop overlooking Kathmandu Valley. And it felt as if I was propelled two meters up into the air. It was just such a heavy jolt. And when we looked down at the city, it looked like it had been completely destroyed because there was a ball of dust covering the entire valley in which Kathmandu is situated. And we thought the whole city had been destroyed. But as we got down back into the city through the roads, it looked like it wasn't as bad as we initially feared. Many of the residential buildings were damaged, but seem to be intact. On the other hand, the monuments of the world heritage sites in Kathmandu - Bhaktapur and Patan - many of them have been completely destroyed.","Mr.  Dixit, have you been able to get a handle on how extensive the damage is in Nepal and for that matter the region 'cause there are reports that India's also been affected."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B: \"Mr. Dixit, have you been able to get a handle on how extensive the damage is in Nepal and for that matter the region 'cause there are reports that India's also been affected.\" The literal meaning is asking if Mr. Dixit has information about the extent of the damage caused by the earthquake. The actual meaning is that the speaker wants to know more about the situation in Nepal and India and the impact of the earthquake in the region.","questions":"How was PersonB's question related to the reports of the earthquake in India?","answer":"India"}
{"text":[". . . can I get you to share the English translation of the poem in hieroglyphics that you wrote?","Absolutely. (Reading) There was a laugh of the Egyptian past that I will be the last to know. I asked my mom, but she didn't know. I asked my mask, but I forgot he wasn't alive.","The thing of it is, Olivier Blanchard, you put those hieroglyphics in that poem in the front of an economics textbook. And, in fact, every line seems to indicate something about economic thought. Or am I just projecting?","I think you're just projecting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) is a straightforward denial of B's implied meaning, and does not carry any additional implied meanings beyond that.","questions":"What is the nature of PersonA's response in turn 3?","answer":"Denial"}
{"text":["Eastern Congo may be the most dangerous place on Earth, and it's getting worse. A rebel army is moving on the biggest city, Goma. Hundreds of thousands of people are running for their lives. This is the region of infamous ethnic killing between the many people who call themselves Hutus and the far fewer Tutsi.","Hez Holland is a correspondent with Reuters. He's been reporting from Goma. He joins us now. Hez, welcome. And remind us, this is also a region of enormous wealth - timber and minerals. People have been fighting over it for a long time.","At least. It's historically been a curse, what with the mineral wealth and, as you said, the timber, has been something that has been fought over for - since the Belgians. It's always been a place where minerals have been extracted and exploited, and the people have always been just pawns in the great game of any kind of colonial power, really.","Well, now, there's this rebel group led by a man named General Nkunda. He is a former Congolese general. And it is moving on the city of Goma. What are you seeing there now?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The statement implies how resourceful and economically important Goma is, unfortunately it never served it purpose.","questions":"How has Goma's economic potential been historically utilized?","answer":"Exploited"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, a big one can come from any number of faults here in Southern California. So if you looked at a map of Southern California and wanted to imagine all the faults, just throw a pile of spaghetti down on it, and all those little strands would be faults all over the place. These - this set of faults is inland from the San Andreas.","And so there was a less-than-1% chance that we would've had an above-7. 0 magnitude earthquake yesterday following the 6. 4 on Thursday, and that happened. As of today, there is a less-than-2% chance that we could see another magnitude 7 today, but we're going to have to see how that shakes out.","The San Andreas is not directly impacted by these faults, as far as we know. But there are a whole lot of faults in that area that might've taken a strain of some of these smaller faults that - when they released all their energy, because that strain doesn't just go away. It has to go somewhere else. And some of the other faults in the area took it on.","And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The chance of another big earthquake is still present and uncertain.","questions":"Which chance is uncertain?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Thank you very much for having me.","Can you describe the scene for us in Sana'a now?","The situation in Sana'a at the moment is very insecure and unpredictable. It's very scary, obviously, because the airstrikes come at any time. And now with the fuel crisis that's going on, Yemen is a country that is basically based all its - basics let's say from importing - the food, the fuel, the wheat - everything comes importing and talking about the main things that would allow the people to be alive. And now at the borders - the blockade in the borders - this is creating a huge catastrophe that is ahead of us at the moment.","Oxfam had been pushing to end the fighting, at least to get these shipments into the country. Are you worried about future shipments?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"It's very scary, obviously, because the airstrikes come at any time.\" - The literal meaning is that the airstrikes are unpredictable and can happen at any moment, causing fear and uncertainty among the people. The actual meaning may also convey a sense of desperation or helplessness in the face of the ongoing conflict.","questions":"Which word describes the feeling among the people due to the unpredictability of airstrikes in Sana'a?","answer":"Fear"}
{"text":["They knocked on the door once. And they knocked - barged into his fifth-floor flat and found the two of them in bed together. So that was the impetus to get a case of adultery against my mother.","Helen was forced to give baby James up to be raised by John Graham, who then divorced her. Father Sullivan was dragged back to his religious order. Graham says Sullivan spent the next 16 years being quote, \"rehabilitated\" at what was known as a priest prison in Essex, N. Y.  Can I ask you, when you look at the church now and that it took so long to get this answer, what do you think about the way this was handled?","Well, it was handled poorly because they could have told me from day one, yes, your Father Sullivan's son. And I have some documents that show my father had a relationship with a woman. Other documents they said were purged. And I believe those documents were about me. They didn't have to put me through this emotional trauma of exhuming his body. It's just terrible.","Now that you have your answer, what's next for you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He was forced to go back to the church under protest and resistance from himself.","questions":"Which person was forced to go back to the church?","answer":"Sullivan."}
{"text":["I have been late. Now I'm right on time. And I make mistakes, but at least they're mine. I'd sign my life away on a dotted line Just to get the love I deserve. . .","That's News & Notes. Glad you could join us. Nicole Childers, Christabel Nsiah-Buadi and Geoffrey Bennett produced the show. Sasa Woodruff is the editor. Sonata Lee Narcisse directs. The technical director is Sherene Strausberg. Marcia Caldwell and Shawn Corey Campbell are our drive engineers. The News & Notes staff includes Roy Hurst, Geoffrey Gardner, Devin Robins, Zachary Slobig, Joanne Griffith, Drew Tewkesbury, Allison Samuels and Jim Wallace. To listen to the show or subscribe to the podcast, visit our Web site, nprnewsandnotes. org. To join the conversation or sign up for the newsletter, visit our blog at nprnewsandviews. org. News & Notes was created by NPR News and the African-American Public Radio Consortium. On Monday, short on cash these days?Well, what if your neighborhood got together and started printing its own money?It's already happening. We'll look at the spread of customized community currency.","(Singing) Growing up too fast. I have the best friends you could ever have, But I don't know what I got 'til it's gone. . .","Because I lose every single game I play 'Cause I'm a slave to my distractions. I climb a mountain for every mess I make, But can't get no satisfaction."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is expressing a desire for love and acceptance, despite making mistakes.","questions":"What is PersonA signing their life away for?","answer":"Love"}
{"text":["Anyway, let's talk about Oprah, her TV show, her magazine, popularity in general taking a hit?Do you think it's because she picked a candidate in this race?","I think, that's probably partially what it is. I mean, she does have a very mainstream audience of women, who - a lot of them supported Hillary Clinton, so I'm sure that has something to do with it. But I also take it just a sign of the time. I mean, she's been dominant for a very long time, and you know, there comes a time when that ends, or it certainly begins to fall off a little bit, and I sort of think it's a combination of both.","I don't think it's just her support of Obama, because if you think about it, she really has not really been out there supporting him since January. She did her thing and she pretty much stepped away from it. But I think that when you combine that with the fact that she's dominated for 20 years, and Ellen now is sort of the popular person with all the celebrity guests, I just think it's time to pass the mantle on some level.","Oprah can pass the mantle anytime and still be a billionaire."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Taking a hit means by having the popularity be less recognizable. ","questions":"Which word describes the impact on Oprah's popularity in turn 0?","answer":"Less"}
{"text":["Hopeful or not, I think the obvious answer is yes, I am a student of Zimbabwe, I am still very hopeful. But we are calling on President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa always been mandated by SADC to meet it in the Zimbabwe crisis, to look seriously in (unintelligible) and move away from this quiet diplomats which is not producing the desired result, and probably as the AU summit sits on Saturday with eight African leaders to take a position on Zimbabwe. The deployment of a peacekeeping mission is now long overdue. The people of Zimbabwe have suffered enough.","Clever, I want to thank you so much for talking with us.","You are welcome. Thank you very much.","Clever Bere is president of Zimbabwe's National Student Union. He spoke with us from Harare, Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Simultaneous use of soft-laser for exposure to the cochlea and administration of Ginkgo biloba extract for 4 weeks on a 20-50% of patients has been reported to be useful. Soft-laser mechanism of action is unknown, but it has been proved that light leads to athermic stimulation of biochemical processes","questions":"What is the treatment reported to be useful for 20-50% of patients?","answer":"Treatment"}
{"text":["Well, I'm going to try to make this as succinct as possible. But it's a complicated game of musical chairs. Next in line to take over the governor's job would be the local secretary of state. But that position has been vacant for the past two weeks because the former secretary of state resigned his position because he was involved in the original leaked chat that led to the governor's resignation.","Oh, the same scandal got the next - the second in line before it got the first guy. OK, go on.","Right. And then it would be Wanda Vazquez's turn. But as we've seen, she's a controversial figure, and she has already expressed her desire that she doesn't want the job. After that, it would be the Treasury secretary's turn. But he's been in his post for less than a month after Governor Rossello fired his predecessor for publicly denouncing corruption schemes within the Puerto Rican Treasury without first consulting with the governor's office. So the problem with the current Treasury secretary is that he's 31 years old and doesn't meet the minimum age requirement to be governor. . .","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : second in line refers to who takes the place of a leader if they resign","questions":"How many positions were there between the former secretary of state and the current Treasury secretary?","answer":"3"}
{"text":["Yes, they are in re-settlement areas. For example, in Mozambique you have 258,000 people, 90,000 of whom have been displaced over the past month or so. In Malawi you already have 700 cholera cases that have been reported. You have about 152,000 people who have been affected. So they are moving away from their home areas into re-settlement camps.","Let's move to Kenya in the east of Africa. The talks between President Kibaki and opposition leader Raila Odinga continue today outside of Nairobi and the negotiations are being mediated by former U. N.  Secretary General Kofi Annan. Since the post-election violence began in late December, more than 1,000 people have been killed and hundreds of thousands have been displaced. There are also reports of a wave of sexual violence against women who've been displaced by this turmoil. So Cassandra, what's going on here?","Since the violence after the disputed elections on December 27th, we're seeing that this situation has put women and girls at great risk of sexual assault. We know that always in situations of conflict women and girls are in danger. And in Kenya it is no different. We are hearing reports from Nairobi, from the Nairobi general hospital, that there may be as many as double the number of cases of rape within the days following the eruption of the violence.","And what we know is that for every case that is being treated or is being reported, there are many more victims who fail to seek help."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Women and girls in Kenya are at high risk of sexual assault due to the conflict.","questions":"Which group of people are at risk of sexual assault in Kenya?","answer":"Women"}
{"text":["I think Senator Clinton is prepared to carry forward into her service as secretary of state the change of heart that she underwent in the last several years regarding the war in Iraq. She was for it in the first place. She saw it as necessary in the wake of 9\/11. She was, after all, the senator from New York, and she was, I think, in fairness, we can say, anticipating running for president at some future date against a Republican who would try to make her seem relatively a lightweight on national security.","She has seen it all in a different light, of course, and in running for president in 2008, while she did not ever say she had made a mistake, and she never really repudiated her vote for the war, she did make it clear that she had changed her mind about it. So, I think that she is in harmony with the general thinking of the other members of the national security and foreign policy team here, including, of course, the president-elect himself.","Although the president-elect did say that there would be disagreements when it came to how to approach his foreign policy objectives, he doesn't seem to be shying away from that. Where are some of those disagreements?","There could be disagreements with respect to how we deal with foreign leaders who are particularly of a mind to give the United States fits, let us say, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad of Iran, for example, other foreign leaders perhaps who might emerge in Pakistan or might emerge in other countries who are not in power there now, possibly also including Iraq."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Not shying away means he is not pretending those disagreements don't still exist.","questions":"Which word describes how the president-elect is approaching disagreements in foreign policy?","answer":"Direct"}
{"text":["I did.","What's it like?","It's really very beautiful. And I kind of thought to myself when I saw it - he has it in his room and they're sort of in a guest room with a blue bedspread and there are kind of stuffed animals on the bed. It's a very bizarre scene and very Sendak. But I saw it and I thought to myself, who would ever want to own Keats's death mask?And then I looked at it and I realized, like, I know exactly why you would want to own Keats's death mask because in a way, what I was doing in this book was kind of writing death masks.","That urge to preserve the moment - and Annie Leibovitz did it with her famous photographs of Sontag - and Sendak himself drew the people he loved, his partner of many, many years after he died and his family members right before they died. And there's something about capturing that moment in art that I actually do completely understand, both the reason that you'd make Keats's death mask and the reason you'd want to own it.","In the end, Katie, did you come away feeling that you had figured out what, for you, would be a good death, an enviable death?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) - The speaker is suggesting that the woman might have been racist and they needed to take her seriously.","questions":"Which artist is mentioned as having drawn his loved ones before and after they died?","answer":"Racist"}
{"text":[". . . in World War II.","Wow.","So it is a very large explosion.","Now, if you were watching Earth from Jupiter, would you see the same type of flashes in our atmosphere, because don't(ph) we get bombarded?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is impressed or surprised by what A said.","questions":"What was PersonB's emotional response to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Impressed"}
{"text":["How long has this been going on, and how did it start?It sounds like there's a culture of this.","Well, that's a great question. We've seen the number of arrests, at least for juveniles, ticking up in Pinellas in the last few years. It does spread very socially. They're sharing everything from what they're in to who they can pick up to who needs a ride to cop sighting - you know, stay inside, the narcs are out - on Facebook, on Instagram. One girl was arrested after an Instagram photo appeared of her inside the car that police were looking for with the caption, GTA squad, just grand theft auto.","Sounds like they're almost seeing it like \"Grand Theft Auto\" videogames.","Perhaps, it's been brought up before. But it certainly seems like a real life one playing out on our streets. And it's very dangerous. Kids in stolen cars in Pinellas crash every four days. We've had, you know, horrific t-boning accidents, where police cars go up in flames. We've had kids themselves getting injured."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) - \"Grand Theft Auto\" videogames is a metaphor for the risky and dangerous activities the juveniles are engaging in.","questions":"How is \"Grand Theft Auto\" being used in the dialogue?","answer":"Videogames"}
{"text":["So we hear that a lot. We hear employees being congratulated for working 24\/7, which now we know is the cognitive equivalent of coming to work drunk. But it's changing. We are now in this amazing transition period where more and more companies are beginning to realize that living like that and working like that has actually terrible consequences, not just on the health and productivity of their employees but also on their bottom line.","You talk about sleep as a basic human right that we have not ranked alongside, you know, the right not to go hungry, the right to freedom of expression, that sort of thing.","Yes, and what is interesting is that it's a right that has been violated both in workplaces where employees have been expected to be perpetually on, especially since the advent of the smartphone, but also which is constantly violated by us because we have so minimized the importance of sleep. So that basic human right that you mention is often violated by us.","We can't do an interview with Arianna Huffington at this point and not ask about the 2016 presidential campaign. And I will point out Donald Trump says he just gets by on about four hours of sleep a night. Any reaction to that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implies that Donald Trump's disregard for sleep is unwise and potentially detrimental.","questions":"What is the potential consequence of Trump's sleep habits?","answer":"Detrimental"}
{"text":["The billionaire financier Jeffrey Epstein has been taken into federal custody related to sex trafficking. According to The Daily Beast, who first reported this story, Epstein was arrested yesterday and will appear in court tomorrow to be charged in connection with sex trafficking minors. This comes more than a decade after accusations first surfaced that Epstein had paid dozens of young girls for sex. But he avoided federal criminal charges and significant prison time in a plea deal that continues to draw criticism for its lenient terms. For more on this, we called Pervaiz Shallwani, one of the Daily Beast reporters who broke this story. And he's with us now.","Thank you so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me.","And I'm just going to start by saying that the details may be disturbing to some listeners because this does involve accusations about the treatment of young girls. So, having said that, Pervaiz, as briefly as you can, what are the allegations that first surfaced against Epstein in 2007 and 2008?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is expressing his appreciation and gratitude for the guest taking the time to be on the show.","questions":"Which word did PersonB use to describe the details of the accusations against Epstein that may be disturbing to some listeners?","answer":"Details"}
{"text":["There are politicians from a wide variety of political parties that complain that the prime minister, Nouri al-Maliki, who is an Arab Shiite, that he has simply too much power. And critics have taken to calling him a dictator on TV over the last week. They're comparing his style of governance to Saddam Hussein. And they're basically holding up ratification and calling for a reform proposal that would curb many of Nouri al-Maliki's powers.","Meanwhile, Maliki's advisers are accusing these parties of using the American-Iraqi Treaty as a way to twist the prime minister's arm. They're calling this a desperate ploy for rival politicians to try to win popular support from the Iraq people.","So, Ivan, what are the prospects now for this status of forces agreement?It's intended to replace a U. N.  mandate which governs U. S.  troops being there. It's set to expire at the end of this year.","Well, that raises a lot of questions. The Iraqi prime minister has said he will not extend the United Nations mandate. The U. S.  has threatened, from what we're hearing from some Iraqi lawmakers, to begin withdrawal immediately."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Maliki's advisers accuse rival politicians of using the American-Iraqi Treaty as a desperate ploy to gain support from the Iraqi peopl","questions":"How are Maliki's advisers characterizing rival politicians' use of the American-Iraqi Treaty?","answer":"Desperate"}
{"text":["Hopeful or not, I think the obvious answer is yes, I am a student of Zimbabwe, I am still very hopeful. But we are calling on President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa always been mandated by SADC to meet it in the Zimbabwe crisis, to look seriously in (unintelligible) and move away from this quiet diplomats which is not producing the desired result, and probably as the AU summit sits on Saturday with eight African leaders to take a position on Zimbabwe. The deployment of a peacekeeping mission is now long overdue. The people of Zimbabwe have suffered enough.","Clever, I want to thank you so much for talking with us.","You are welcome. Thank you very much.","Clever Bere is president of Zimbabwe's National Student Union. He spoke with us from Harare, Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Simultaneous use of soft-laser for exposure to the cochlea and administration of Ginkgo biloba extract for 4 weeks on a 20-50% of patients has been reported to be useful. Soft-laser mechanism of action is unknown, but it has been proved that light leads to athermic stimulation of biochemical processes","questions":"What is the mechanism of action of soft-laser treatment?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["Our unlikely shrew story comes from his new book, \"This is Improbable: Cheese String Theory, Magnetic Chickens and Other WTF Research,\" where he's collected all sorts of scientific studies you can't take seriously but you can't dismiss either. Welcome back to SCIENCE FRIDAY, Marc.","Hi, Ira. Did I just hear you say the Animals of Improbable Research?","Did I say?I don't think I did. But maybe I did. I'd be happy to have - put that in there.","OK.  We, believe it or not, get a lot of letters addressed to that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A is jokingly referencing the title of B's book","questions":"What is the title of PersonB's book?","answer":"Improbable"}
{"text":["Pounder has also used her leverage as an artist to find apartheid and AIDS, and she owns and runs the Pounder-Kone Art Space in Los Angeles. I've had a chance to visit the space and see the art she chooses for her shows, and now, CC is here. How are you doing?","I'm good. Thanks for having me.","So, you know, you have this space at Atwater Village, one of the, for me, living in Los Angeles, one of the eastern, eastern parts of L. A. , but everyone has. . .","The outpost."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement implies that Pounder who is an artist do fight against apartheid and AIDS.","questions":"What does Pounder do besides owning and running the Pounder-Kone Art Space in Los Angeles?","answer":"shows"}
{"text":["Good to be with you, Scott.","Marked difference in tone between President Trump's comments that we just heard and the tweet he posted just after Judge Kavanaugh's testimony on Thursday - what happened?","You could say it was an incredible difference, Scott. Earlier in the week, the president had scoffed openly at Dr.  Ford's story. Now the president seems deeply impressed, calls her testimony very compelling. Some of this could be the different ways the president gets information. He apparently watched her on television. Or it could be about the different ways he communicates - on Twitter, on one hand, versus TV coming from the Oval Office. And as to which are his true feelings, as the president says, we'll have to see.","Reports are that, at any given time, 20 percent of U. S.  households were tuning in. And that, of course, doesn't count people who watched in airports, at work and public places. Used to be, we all tuned in for moon landings. This week, it was for a symbolic event, that it's become for many, but also the story of two people and what happened one night in 1982."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : President Trump's tweet after Judge Kavanaugh's testimony contradicts his earlier comments","questions":"How did President Trump's tweet after Judge Kavanaugh's testimony differ from his earlier comments?","answer":"Contradicts"}
{"text":["If Beijing could have its way, David, what do you think they would want to do with Hong Kong?What would they want from Hong Kong?","Well, we know they would like Hong Kong to basically focus on money and making money and not worry about politics at all. That was the model. I mean, it's a comparison that Beijing would hate. But the truth is they basically treat it like a colony. It used to be a British colony. It's now a colony of China. And like any well-behaved colony, you're meant to focus on getting rich, making money and not worry about politics.","And David, just briefly, what happens in 2047, 50 years after Britain hands Hong Kong back to China?What happens then?","Well, then the promise of one country, two systems falls away, but the truth is they're going to try and chip away as in all kinds of small and subtle ways before then. We're also going to see probably more mainland immigration into Hong Kong - would be one way of diluting Hong Kong's kind of will to resist. But let's not underestimate an amazing thing that happened. There is a piece of China that gets free press, that knows what's happening, that is allowed to protest - not allowed where I'm sitting in Beijing - and they said, no, and the government backed off. And that's an absolutely extraordinary thing that can only happen in Hong Kong."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : China wants Hong Kong to focus on making money and ignore politics","questions":"How does Beijing want Hong Kong to prioritize?","answer":"Money"}
{"text":["Do you have any concern, Mr.  Levin, that if some of these alternatives you're talking about are used more frequently that you might have a situation where - and I'll be apocryphal here - a white college kid with access to means and a good lawyer can get a very light sentence and a kid from the inner city that lacks both will still have the book thrown at him.","Well, you know, that is an interesting question because this decision by the attorney general was one based on discretion. The public has as very low opinion of elected officials and so it's certainly the case is if you don't think much of Congress, you wouldn't want Congress' judgment to be substituted for your own if you're on the jury, especially given that it's the jury that has access to the specific facts of the case.","And certainly, though, as you mentioned, race should absolutely not be considered and we need to make sure every offender has quality representation for those who have appointed counsel. Ideally, they could have some say in choosing their own counsel with some type of voucher or something so we can make sure they get vigorous representation in court, that evidence that may exonerate them is presented.","Marc Levin is director of the Texas Public Policy Foundation Center for Effective Justice speaking with us from Austin. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The white college kid may be able to get away with a lighter sentence due to their access to resources and legal representation, while a kid from the inner city will not have the same opportunity.","questions":"Which kid might get a lighter sentence due to their access to resources and legal representation?","answer":"white"}
{"text":["The way I coped with these disasters was seeing myself as the hero of my own story and thinking oh, okay, in the story, the guy survives. He doesn't kill himself. He doesn't commit himself to a mental hospital. He actually survives and thrives and overcomes these obstacles.","And in addition to that, you've also had kidney problems, and you talk really frankly about just how much strength it took you to do really basic things because you were constantly dealing with your body rebelling against you.","Yeah, I'm going through that right now. I'm on the top of the list for a transplant now, and I don't really want a transplant right now because I'm doing all right. So at this point, I'm kind of bring it on. I'm just, you know, I can take it.","What about the good stuff?There are many good things in your life, and two of them are Eva and Chet(ph), your kids. What are they like?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"body rebelling against you\" is a metaphorical expression meaning to refer to the speaker's body reacting negatively to their kidney problems.","questions":"How does the speaker describe their physical struggle due to their kidney problems?","answer":"Struggle"}
{"text":["So where'd that song come from?","That song - Frank Rogers is my producer, and we got together - it was the first time we had met each other, we were talking about what kind of record I wanted to make. And I told him I really wanted to make a country record, and that was the first song we wrote together.","You know, we're both really happily married guys, and you listen to that song and it's a big divorce song. And people think the theme of country music, you know, my baby left me, my dog left me, and all that stuff, and so we just wanted to write a real basic country shuffle, and we came with \"All I Want\" and I love that tune. I love playing it live, you know, and having Brad Paisley play it on the record was an amazing thing. And I'm a big fan of that tune.","You, I understand, got a phone call from Maya Angelou?I don't know anything about it, but I was told to ask about it by my producer, Devon. So there must be something there. What's the story?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is implying that the song was inspired by wanting to write a stereotypical country song about heartbreak and the wife leaving","questions":"Which type of song did the speaker want to write?","answer":"country"}
{"text":["Exactly.","At the same time, she's this very sassy character. And, you know, so many of the characters here are very, you know, just sexy, kind of contemporary figures. And there's a joie-de-vivre about this, and even though she touches on a lot of heavy themes, including race and patriotism, there's a certain sass to this. Is that what attracted you to her work?","Well, I was astounded at her work. I was actually looking for something else in her cartoon that is in the late '40s. Most of her cartooning was done in the late '40s and early '50s. This one year of '37 was kind of a little different thing.","I was looking for evidence of a doll. I knew that she created a doll, and I thought I could find some evidence of that in her cartoons. And then yeah, I found the doll, but then I went on to see all of the different topics that she took on, and that got fascinating."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A's turn contains figurative language. The phrase \"looking for evidence of a doll\" is not meant to be taken literally. The speaker is referring to the fact that they were searching for any visual or textual reference to the doll that the artist had created.","questions":"Which phrase in PersonA's turn is meant figuratively?","answer":"Looking"}
{"text":["One of the points that you make in the book is that there were always competitors to Boas' ideas. In fact, one of his sort of chief antagonists was a person named Grant. What's. . .","Madison Grant, yeah.","Madison Grant, who actually created some of the institutions which continue to survive today as anti-immigrant think tanks.","That's right. On the one hand, Madison Grant - you know, we owe the survival of the American bison to him. We owe so many of the great conservation institutions to him and conservation areas in the American West to him. But he at the same time believed deeply that what he was seeing in New York - he was from New York, living in New York - was the same thing he had experienced in traveling through the American West - that is, he understood what it was like when noble creatures could suddenly be brought down by invading species or their environment changing, and suddenly, the bison, the elk, the wolf were in danger."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Noble implies the creature was native to the land","questions":"What endangered species did Madison Grant understand the plight of?","answer":"Bison"}
{"text":["Before that, he'd been seen frequently, but always waddling with a really bad limp. He was clearly in discomfort, and finally the North Korean authorities said he is in physical discomfort. So there's something up. We don't quite know what. The speculation is he's had surgery, he's ill, ranging right through to there's been a coup, and he's lost power or certainly being shunted away from power. That's the speculation.","Now, we're talking about somebody who - as my recollection is - he's on television every two minutes. So this must be a tremendous vacuum in the lives of North Koreans.","That's right. The print media in North Korea is still putting all these statements thanking the supreme leader in that sort of glorious way they do, praising him for, for example, the pretty good performance of the athletes in the Asian games a week ago. So all that stuff is still coming out. There's no devaluation of him by the state media. But he's not there. Now, having said that, his father disappeared from sight at odd times as well. And sometimes that was seen as being a mark of his strength in that he felt that he was so strong that he didn't need to do all this stuff.","Is this a matter for particular distress because, after all, we are talking about a nation that's either a quasi-nuclear power or might be a nuclear power?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"there's been a coup, and he's lost power or certainly being shunted away from power\" - This turn uses figurative language. The speaker is suggesting that there might have been a political power struggle or a change in leadership, rather than the literal meaning of physical shunting or pushing.","questions":"Which type of struggle is being suggested in turn 0?","answer":"Political"}
{"text":["You actually provided some recommendations. Give me an example of one or two of them.","Well, one of the important things is that the stops go well. That the police are professional, that they're there and it's clear that they are trying to serve the public. Mistakes will happen, they'll pick the wrong person up, someone will happen to fit a crime suspect description, but the way the police conduct themselves needs to be extremely professional. Very polite. And one of the recommendations I made was that they hand the person a receipt when they make a mistake that says I've made a mistake, here's my name, here's the name of my supervisor, here's his phone number, give him a call. Here's how you file a complaint, this is why I stopped you. You're wearing a white T-shirt, black jeans, that's the same description that I just received over the radio. And that can go a long way to improving things.","Give me one more.","Well, the other thing was that they need to find out who these 15 officers are and take some action to resolve those issues."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Police should conduct themselves in a professional and polite manner to improve public perception and relations","questions":"How should the police conduct themselves to improve public perception and relations? (Answer: professionally\/politely)","answer":"Professionally"}
{"text":["Like what, as you see it?","Well, there are a few things. First of all, ABC did try to get the case dismissed in the early going and the judge declined to do that. They tried to remove the case to federal court, which is a pretty well accepted strategy. But they couldn't remove it to federal court. So they were going to end up trying the case, really, in the plaintiff's backyard. So I think that those were risks combined with the fact that there's obviously a great deal of sort of free floating anti-media sentiment out there these days, which is hard to quantify. And the amount that was being requested by the plaintiff was, you know, billions, literally, billions of dollars.","Does a large settlement like this just embolden other people to sue media companies?","Well, I think that after we see a large verdict or a large settlement, we do tend to see an uptick. Many plaintiffs and their lawyers think that maybe media entities are easy get-rich-quick targets. I think that's a mistake."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People may view media entities as easy targets for lawsuits in order to make a quick profit.","questions":"What do some people view media entities as?","answer":"Easy"}
{"text":["Arthur Thomas took Jeni Stepien's hand as the music at her wedding reception started. He did my father-daughter dance with me and then handed me to my mom, she wrote on Facebook. It was truly the best day of my entire life.","The Department of Health and Human Services says that almost 30,000 people received organ transplants in the United States in 2014. But 22 people a day die, on average, while waiting for a transplant, in part because there's a shortage of organs available.","Charity Tilleman-Dick, an opera soprano who's become a vocal advocate for organ donation, has had two double lung transplants at Cleveland Clinic. She still sings. I'm alive today because a family in Ohio turned their tragedy into a miracle, she told us. Some people say life's not a sprint, it's a marathon. It should be a relay. When you round mortality's final bend, pass the baton. In death, we can give breath. We can give grace. We can give life.","(Singing) Another day, a day of grace, is given us from on high."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  In this turn, Charity Tilleman-Dick is implying that people can help to save the lives of others by donating their organs after they die, which is much different from the literal meaning of the words.","questions":"What did Charity Tilleman-Dick receive twice at Cleveland Clinic?","answer":"Double"}
{"text":["Yeah. And the police have actually been very open about this, and they've done a number of internal investigations. And they believe if everything had gone absolutely properly and correctly, they could've been there 16 minutes earlier. Part of the problem here, though, because they have taken something some - a fair amount of criticism I thought was unfair, They didn't have a plan for this because why would you?I mean, who sits around and dreams up a plan in a country with a miniscule violent crime rate to expect that someone's going to blow up Central Oslo and then drive out to a youth summer camp on an island and start gunning people down?","I mean, that's not going to rank high in the probability scale. There was a fair amount of distance to cover, and they had a problem with the boat. You know, I spent some time with a police officer named Hakon Hval, who was one of the first to respond. He had worked in that district, the North Buskerud District for, I believe, eight years at that point, and he'd never been to Utoya. There had never been a reason to go to Utoya. But he was driving one of the boats, and he turned to pick up some Delta commandos. And when they all got in the boat, the bow of the boat pushed out on some rocks and was grounded. So to get the bow up, they shuffled to the back and the stern just. . .","Flooded the engine, yes.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The boat had engine trouble and flooded due to a group of Delta commandos shuffling to the back","questions":"How did the boat flood?","answer":"Shuffling"}
{"text":["And you basically called this a zero sum game?","That's right. You have these bad assets, and what we're doing is moving them around from one place in our society, in our economy, to another. It doesn't change the nature of the losses. The banks lent money in a bubble. The bubble is broken. Collateral value of the assets is limited, and these are bad assets now. Now, it's not quite a zero row sum game, because if we have bad incentives, which result when you have a misalignment between ownership and control, when you provide insurance, you can have a negative sum game.","And I think that's the real worry that we are about to wind up in a negative sum game.","So given what the banks are facing now, what would you suggest?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The banks lent money to people and other banks without anyone knowing or monitoring them.","questions":"Which game is not a zero row sum game?","answer":"Negative"}
{"text":["Why does the American Civil Liberties Union defend the rights of Nazis?Membership and donations have boomed since the 2016 election, as the ACLU has taken on a number of high-profile cases challenging Trump administration policies on immigration, deportation and voter suppression. But some supporters of the organization have questioned the ACLU's defense of the free-speech rights of hate groups, especially following their defense of white nationalist rally at Emancipation Park in Charlottesville a couple of weeks ago, when Heather Heyer was killed. A board member of the ACLU's Virginia affiliate resigned, tweeting - what's legal and what's right are sometimes different. I won't be a fig leaf for Nazis.","We're joined now by the national executive director of the ACLU, Anthony Romero. Mr.  Romero, thanks so much for being with us.","It's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you for having me.","Is the ACLU a fig leaf for Nazis?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of \"Is the ACLU a fig leaf for Nazis?\" is to ask if the ACLU is providing cover or protection for Nazis. However, the implied meaning is to ask if the ACLU is endorsing the actions of Nazi groups.","questions":"Which group's actions is the question in turn 3 implying the ACLU might be endorsing?","answer":"Nazi"}
{"text":["Are you going to continue the protest?","Well, if they're going to be held, I suppose maybe, yes. But actually, it was meant for these concrete elections. Of course, it was not the only subject that was brought up. Also, the power being held by one party for, like, 19 years, yes. So of course, when election ends, it doesn't mean that the problem goes away.","So of course, it did come to notice to all the Muscovites, at least. A lot of people in Russia actually also protested in other cities. They were saying, thank you, Muscovites, for putting our words out there, for making it noticeable at least. That's the least we can do. I mean, the citizens, just the citizens.","Yeah. Do you have any concern that by going to protests that police have your picture, that you can be identified, that - I mean, we're using another name, not your name with you. But. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is implying that the citizens were expressing their gratitude to Muscovites for protesting.","questions":"What were the citizens expressing to the Muscovites?","answer":"Thanks"}
{"text":["Both the trains slowed. I was standing there with my bag over my shoulder, ready to jump. It was windy. It was cold. It was kind of getting dark. And so they finally lined up the cars correctly, and I was told to run across the loose rocks and jump on to the other train.","The conductor on the other train pulled me on to that car. Once I was onboard, another conductor came through the car, and she said to me, don't get up when we get to Milwaukee. What I heard from her was don't get up, or I will kill you. I did not move the rest of the trip.","So I get to Saint Paul. I'm looking for my brother. He's late. So he gets there, and I ask him, why were you late?And he says, well, I checked the train schedule, and it said it was running behind. Oh, that was because of me.","A travel nightmare with a happy ending from Anne Fleury in Milwaukee. Send us your stories, please. Go to weekendeditionsaturday@npr. org. Click on contact. Put Travel Nightmare at the top of your message."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : .The situation was potentially dangerous and uncomfortable, with the darkness and cold adding to the tension.","questions":"What added to the tension during the situation in turn 3?","answer":"Darkness"}
{"text":["You know, like, you could sleep on concrete every day in your life, and if you try to sleep on a warm bed, you wouldn't be able to sleep because it's not cold.","Our story, Miracle on the Streets, came to us from independent producer Dmae Roberts and the NPR program Hearing Voices.","Coming up in the program, we switch gears a bit and get funny with \"Saturday Night Live's\" Andy Samberg. Samberg and two other very funny dudes are the band Lonely Island. They have a new album; it's called \"Incredibad. \"Maybe that means songs so bad that they're good. Our critic Andrew Wallenstein brings us a review. That's coming up later on in the program.","Day to Day returns in a moment."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : changing from one segment of the show to different segment of the show","questions":"Which turn indicates the transition from discussing a producer and a program to previewing a new album and a review?","answer":"Previewing"}
{"text":["Thank you very much for having me.","Can you describe the scene for us in Sana'a now?","The situation in Sana'a at the moment is very insecure and unpredictable. It's very scary, obviously, because the airstrikes come at any time. And now with the fuel crisis that's going on, Yemen is a country that is basically based all its - basics let's say from importing - the food, the fuel, the wheat - everything comes importing and talking about the main things that would allow the people to be alive. And now at the borders - the blockade in the borders - this is creating a huge catastrophe that is ahead of us at the moment.","Oxfam had been pushing to end the fighting, at least to get these shipments into the country. Are you worried about future shipments?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Can you describe the scene for us in Sana'a now?\" - The literal meaning is asking the interviewee to provide a verbal description of the current situation in Sana'a. The actual meaning may also imply that the interviewer wants to get a firsthand account of the situation from someone who is there.","questions":"How is Oxfam involved in the situation in Sana'a? (Answer: shipments)","answer":"Shipments"}
{"text":["Right. They're kind of barracks, right?This sort of - people don't have privacy.","No privacy. In some cases, they actually look like slave cabins. I mean, they're small. They're wooden shacks. Many of them - in fact, I have not seen one. They do not have bathrooms in the living facility itself. If you don't have a bathroom in your home or in your living space, you have to walk, in some cases, quite a ways to get to the toilet, to get to a shower. And this creates another vulnerability for women and something that they always have to be careful of, especially young girls.","What needs to happen, in your view?","Oh. I sigh because it's been such a long road. I think the best way for women to protect themselves - the best way that I've seen in the many years that I've organized has actually been a union contract. And that's because a union contract has a grievance process that guarantees that there will be no retaliation, that provides a means of justice and fairness and a response that's speedy, that addresses the issue, that allows farmworkers to actually have abusive supervisors fired and go back to work and be safe. If there's no way for an abuser to be actually punished for what he's doing to the women in the workplace, then it doesn't work. It doesn't work. And women are not going to complain. They're not going to feel safe."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : No privacy. In some cases, they actually look like slave cabins. - The literal meaning of this turn is that the living conditions for farmworkers are so poor that they resemble the living conditions of slaves in the past. The actual meaning is that the living conditions are dehumanizing and lack basic amenities, which puts the workers, especially women, in vulnerable situations.","questions":"What is the vulnerability for women in the living facilities?","answer":"vulnerability"}
{"text":["What motives him is he actually has recently discovered that he has a civilizational mission. He wants a Russia that will become the traditional values capital of the world, that would hold back Western encroachment. This is what he sees happening in Ukraine. He's carrying out his historical mission. A subtext of it is also recreating the Soviet Union and sort of gathering Russian lands, but that's not even the most important part at this point. The most important part is that he thinks that Russia has a unique place in the world and a unique civilization to protect.","Is there a particular political ideology here or would you say rather a conservative moralistic anti-Western ideology that's driving his actions?","That's exactly right. It's a conservative, moralistic anti-Western ideology. It is mostly based on negatives. There's very little that he can say in the affirmative except for the very vague notion of traditional orthodox culture. But the negatives are actually effective in mobilizing a population, in creating a sense of fear and imminent danger.","Has he been persuasive, do you think, internally, with his arguments that what he's basically doing is protecting Russian interests and people?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In these turns, the speakers are discussing the implications and deeper meanings behind the actions and ideologies of the person they are talking about. They are not merely discussing the literal surface-level interpretations, but rather the underlying motives, strategies, and persuasive effects of those actions and ideologies.","questions":"What are the speakers discussing in this dialogue?","answer":"Ideologies"}
{"text":["So tell us what happened on the site last week.","Well I mean, what the culmination of a week of DDoS attacks, you know, it started off on Monday with DDoS attacks. And basically what that means is. . .","Please, go ahead. I was about to ask you what that meant.","Yeah. What happens is, you know, basically they send out little robots. They put robots on computers across the country, which make requests your website, which essentially brings your website down because of an overload of requests. So a DDoS stands for denial of service. And they do that by basically clogging up your arteries, basically, with actual requests from robots that are not regular people, and overwhelming your server."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : DDoS attacks are like clogging up your arteries with requests, overwhelming the server.","questions":"How can DDoS attacks be compared to a medical condition?","answer":"Arteries"}
{"text":["Yeah. Why?","Dan is an institutionalist. He's actually not even a conservative. If you go look at his voting record, he's one of the more moderate members of our conference. But what he's been pushing is a more open and fair system, where more amendments are allowed, more debate is allowed and the Congress is allowed to work as a legislative body. It hasn't been done like that now for the last 10 years, and it certainly hasn't been like that since Mr.  Boehner was chairman (unintelligible). . .","Well, when you say Congress is allowed to work as a legislative body, you understand the frustration that I think very openly Speaker Boehner and some others experience that everybody was talking, but not a lot of business was getting done, that that was the result of all this give and take. And they think at some point, if you're going to be in government, you've got to govern.","Well, there wasn't any give and take. That was the problem. It was regular practice for us - and this doesn't get widely reported - but on a debt ceiling debate, for example, we would do nothing; we do nothing; we do nothing. And then three days before the debt ceiling limit was reached, Mr.  Boehner would walk into a room and say OK, here's what we're doing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Speaker Boehner and others are implicating that even though there was a lot of talking, the lack of actual business getting done was a result of the give and take (debates).","questions":"How do Speaker Boehner and others explain the lack of actual business getting done in Congress?","answer":"Implicating"}
{"text":["Colin Powell - not one black candidate on the ticket, but two. That would be remarkable.","Well, let's also remember Colin Powell is a Republican. He would establish a kind of bipartisan bridge. And if you want to say, yes, it's a ticket of two African-Americans, which it would be, it is already a ticket of one African-American. So people who have perhaps a problem with that might not necessarily have that much more of a problem with two.","And I think that the advantage that it would have would be to say, we're kind of, in a sense, taking race off the table here. We're not talking about electing the first black president. We're asking you to vote for Barack Obama and Colin Powell and look at those two individuals.","It's a really interesting suggestion, I would imagine that a number of Democrats would say, wait a minute, he was on the wrong side on Iraq. Plus, we've got our own guys. We want a Democrat, a real Democrat. Who's out there?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : taking race off the table implies that people would not consider race in the election","questions":"What advantage would having Colin Powell on the ticket have?","answer":"Advantage"}
{"text":["Well, it's a little more complicated than that. They have to then process the signals that they receive back from the ground. As you say, most of them come back from leaves. And I think, what, they handed you the disc and you flew it out and gave it to the computer guy.","Well, that's right. And in fact, it is very complicated. The LIDAR machine has inside it a highly classified thing called an IMU, an Inertial Measurement Unit that was developed for the military for use in guided missiles. And in order to get an export permit for the plane, the State Department required that the plane be guarded by armed soldiers at all times when it was on the ground because this is a very highly classified piece of equipment. Because it's important to locate the plane in the air in three dimensions as it's flying to within an accuracy of about a centimeter. I mean, that's incredible.","Mm-hmm. So you rushed this data off to the computer guy and he did his magic. How did you - what did you - when did you actually see the picture?","Well, I brought it back from that evening on the island of Roatan, and he processed it. He had to crunch the data. There was also data that had to come from Houston that had been collected by them, and all those had to be combined to make this map. And he was working till the wee hours of the morning making these maps. And then the Internet connection was down so he went to bed. His name is Michael Sartori, by the way. He was a really fascinating guy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : his magic implies he performed so skilfully and amazingly","questions":"What did the computer guy do?","answer":"Processed"}
{"text":["It's perfect.","Yeah, bubbly jock. And an owl is a hoolet. And that, again, is based on the sound that it makes. And - but my favorite is a wood pigeon, is a cushie-doo.","That is an absolutely dead-on approximation of its sound.","Isn't it lovely?So a frog is a puddock and sparrow is a speug. So I've never used speug in a sentence, but when I was a boy, we used puddock. So I don't go around trying to convince everybody that my culture's better than theirs, but sometimes it suits my face better. It sits nicely in my mouth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is using Scottish slang to describe animals.","questions":"How does the speaker describe a frog?","answer":"Puddock"}
{"text":["It's a common complaint about poetry. It's the oldest form of expression, but what can it do for us now in an age of social media, Twitter, Facebook and national urgency?Poet Claudia Rankine's new collection, her fifth, has an answer. Its cover shows a black hoodie against a white background, recalling Trayvon Martin. And it's a very personal meditation on race in America. The book is called \"Citizen: An American Lyric. \"It was a finalist for the National Book Award. Claudia Rankine joins us now. Thank you, welcome to the program.","Good morning, Eric. Thank you for having me.","Before we chat, I want to give listeners a sense of your book. It reads like a series of kind of diary entries, so to speak, and an anatomy of encounters with perceived racism. I'd like you to read, if you would. Could you start \"You Are In The Dark\"?","Sure. (Reading) You're in the dark, in the car, watching the black, tarred street being swallowed by speed. He tells you his dean is making him hire a person of color when there are so many great writers out there. You think maybe this is an experiment, and you're being tested or retroactively insulted or you have done something that communicates this is an OK conversation to be having. Why do you feel comfortable saying this to me?You wish the light would turn red or a police siren would go off so you could slam on the brakes, slam into the car ahead of you, fly forward so quickly both your faces would suddenly be exposed to the wind."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This statement from the passage implies the emotional impact of racism on the person of color and the discomfort and guilt experienced by the white person.","questions":"How does the passage describe the impact of racism?","answer":"Emotional"}
{"text":["The president's reaction, they're happy with, I think. The alt-right - Lana actually - I asked her this specifically - I said, you know, what do you think about Donald Trump?And she said, let's be honest; he's not one of our guys. We've never thought that he was one of our guys.","But the more that he does not disavow the things that they believe in and either tacitly or directly supports them, the better.","Seyward Darby - her article \"The Rise Of The Valkyries\" is published in the September issue of Harper's Magazine. Thank you so much for speaking with us.","Thank you so much for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"But the more that he does not disavow the things that they believe in and either tacitly or directly supports them, the better.\" - The implied meaning is that the speaker believes Donald Trump is indirectly supporting the alt-right movement by not publicly condemning their beliefs, and that this is beneficial for the movement.","questions":"Which movement does the speaker believe Trump is indirectly supporting?","answer":"Alt-right"}
{"text":["One of the things that struck me is some of the comments by some of the women. They don't necessarily see themselves as beautiful. They did not see in themselves the thing that you saw in them. Did you find that to be common?I'm thinking in particular of the sisters from Switzerland with the red hair who said they'd been made fun of as children because of the color of their hair. And you were drawn to them.","During the project, I did realize that women that I photographed were not confident in their way of being. So whenever I posted their picture on my social media, we got a lot of comments and positive reaction from the people. So the women that I photographed, after that, they realized how beautiful they are. That was extraordinary for them and for me because it gives them confidence.","How did this project change you?","I'm much more confident. I'm much more respectful of what the other women in the world have to go through every day because the life is so difficult in so many parts of the world. And this project was a huge gift in my life. And this is why I'm trying to put it out there in the world for people to understand that the world is extremely beautiful. And we should really appreciate everything that's happening in our life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The project gave the speaker more respect for the struggles of women around the world","questions":"Which gift changed the PersonA's perspective on the struggles of women worldwide?","answer":"Project"}
{"text":["Now, Mr.  Trump often points out that the school, at least on the website, had an overwhelmingly favorable rating from former students. But the plaintiffs say that it wasn't like that at all.","Really, that's exactly what they say. They argue that the whole point to this school was to keep selling students increasingly expensive seminars. First, there was a free introductory course where students were told they could make tens of thousands of dollars in just a couple of months using Trump's investment techniques.","But to learn those, they had to sign up for another seminar that cost about 1,500 bucks. And at that seminar, they were sold another course that cost as much as $35,000. They claim that students were encouraged to go into credit-card debt and even cash out their 401(k)s to pay for these top-level courses.","The settlement was reached. Well, one of these suits was about to go to trial on Monday, wasn't it?","Yeah, it was, though attorneys for Trump wanted it delayed because he was too busy with the transition. But, clearly, his schedule wasn't going to get any easier once he became president. So the judge in the case was urging both sides to settle."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \u201cThe settlement was reached.Well, one of these suits was about to go to trial on Monday, wasn't it?\u201d - Implied meaning: Trump was attempting to postpone the trial due to his busy schedule. ","questions":"How was Trump trying to avoid the trial?","answer":"postpone"}
{"text":["Tequila.","Hey, before we go - I go pouring it in, give it a smell, though.","OK.","It's very vegetal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) A: \"It's very vegetal.\"  The literal meaning of this statement is that the tequila has a strong vegetable scent. However, the implied meaning is that the tequila has a unique and high-quality taste, which is a common characteristic of premium tequilas. This implies that the speaker has a good taste in tequila and is sharing their knowledge with the listener.","questions":"Which characteristic of the tequila is implied by the statement?","answer":"Taste"}
{"text":["Now it's, I should say this is a demonstration, it's not, you know, there is an actual kill that takes place in the video, but it's not a real kill, it's a demo kill. But what the system that they are playing or working on actually is designed to do and will do when it is deployed is to hunt, and if necessary kill, real targets. It fires missiles, it drops bombs, you can hear the guy talking about the weapons that he has available on one of his drones.","And they didn't just make it feel like a video game, they figured out that there's a sort of a feedback loop that was a problem for the operators, they couldn't kind of sense what was happening. And they hired video gamers to redesign their system for them.","Yeah, they hired real game developers. Because, you know, when you compared what people in the military were using to operate drones to what the latest Xbox or PlayStation system looked like, I mean the screens on this wrap around you so you feel as though you were there. One of the executives Raytheon describes it as projecting your mind into a place where you want it.","You write about watching this demonstration video with your seven year old kind of standing behind you watching this screen, and he gets it right away and he kind of likes it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"it's not a real kill, it's a demo kill\" - The literal meaning is that a demonstration kill took place, but it was not a real kill. The implied meaning is that the system being demonstrated is capable of killing real targets.","questions":"Which type of kill took place during the demonstration?","answer":"Demo"}
{"text":["This sounds pretty controversial and like something we want to hear about.","Yeah, it sounds really futuristic, doesn't it?","It does. It does. Let's start with the basics, though. When we say scientists want to synthesize genetic codes of living organisms - that's a big mouthful - including humans, what do we mean exactly?","Yeah. So you know, scientists know how to read the genetic code. What they want to do now is what they call write the genetic code, write DNA. And what that means is they essentially want to assemble or manufacture genomes from the chemical building blocks it's made of for all kinds of living organisms, including, as you said, people. And they want to be able do it in their labs quickly, efficiently and cheaply so it becomes something really practical and easy to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A is implying that the topic is something that is futuristic, or ahead of its time.","questions":"What does PersonA think about the topic?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["That's true.","Exactly. So, what's happening, Murray?","Well, you know, I think, just like copper and grain, I mean, I think there are shortages that arise every once in a while in important human commodities. And this is kind of a replay, to me, of when I became a clown. In the late 1960s, a lot of the real great master clowns were getting old and dying off. And so the Ringling Brothers show started the College of Clowns, which lasted until, I think, 1997. And I was in the second class.","You think people maybe react differently to clowns."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A: Well, you know, I think, just like copper and grain, I mean, I think there are shortages that arise every once in a while in important human commodities. And this is kind of a replay, to me, of when I became a clown.  The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is drawing a comparison between shortages in important commodities, like copper and grain, and a shortage in \"human commodities,\" which the speaker then explains is a reference to the shortage of great master clowns in the late 1960s. However, the implied meaning could be that the speaker is making a commentary on the current state of the world, suggesting that there are shortages in important areas beyond just physical commodities, such as in human connection, joy, or creativity. The speaker may be using the example of the clown shortage to illustrate this broader point, and to suggest that this shortage represents a larger trend of a loss of something valuable in society.","questions":"Which important commodity did the speaker compare the shortage of great master clowns to?","answer":"Copper"}
{"text":["I fear there could still be a lot of fighting with many, many thousands of men armed to the teeth with no option but to fight or die. It will also threaten the lifeline that 12,000 humanitarian colleagues - our collective lifeline is very fragile to 2 million people in non-government-controlled areas in the north.","Is the deal in effect now?Is there a deadline?","Well, these are decisive days because between now and mid-October, the buffer zone is supposed to be established. That, in a way, will hold back any ground offensive by the Syrian army and allied forces. Presumably, there will be fighting - these groups. Al-Nusra have said that they will not leave their positions. So there will be fighting now first in the buffer zone, possibly, and then later on in other parts of Idlib.","Jan Egeland is secretary-general of the Norwegian Refugee Council and a special adviser to the U. N. Thanks so much for being with us, sir."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is concerned about the possibility of violent conflict with no other options.","questions":"How is PersonA feeling about the potential conflict?","answer":"Concerned"}
{"text":["The alternative would be, you know, if you had a hurricane coming down in Florida, for example, and you had private forecasting services that said, you know, we can predict this with an extra day ahead of time, allowing for people to evacuate who have access to that information. And that information becomes a commodity rather than a public good.","Now that you know so much about the weather and the way that it works and its importance to us, I mean, what keeps you up at night?","I mean, Sandy was a scary scenario. But the implication is that it's not the worst possible. You know, its impacts were localized. Even in parts of New York I remember, you know, waking up the next morning. And in the neighborhood that I live, you know, things were basically normal, which was not the case three miles away.","So I think for me, you know, what keeps me up is the idea of a perfectly forecast storm that is catastrophic on a broader scale and that we see coming for six days ahead and need to make decisions - not just as individuals, but as a society or as a city - how to move and respond. And I think, you know, that anticipation is new. You know, we haven't had that capability before. And we have it now. And the next step is to figure out how to use it properly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : 'B' is asking what 'A' is worried about, not whether or not these things keep him literally awake during the night.","questions":"How does PersonA describe a storm that keeps him up at night?","answer":"Catastrophic"}
{"text":["Yes. It's - there's a sovereignty aspect to that long-standing confrontation. You know, both sides have been pitied against each other for a long time. The new leader, Park Geun-hye, has made it clear - has been quite explicit actually about naming human rights as an issue that would have to be dealt with in North Korea. But she's also reaching out a hand and is likely to offer opportunities for dialogue with North Korea as a way of stabilizing the inter-Korean security relationship.","Stabilizing that relationship means, of course, leaving all those millions of people in North Korea in, well, dire conditions.","Well, that's true in the sense that Park is not pursuing the alternative of total confrontation. At the same time, you know, the one thing that I think seems to be clearer up to now is that none of the countries have been willing to risk that sort of military confrontation in order to drive external change in North Korea.","Has China, the most influential outside force in North Korea, has China handled the new leader more warmly or more distantly than his father?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when something is made clear in this context it means that it is explained so people understand","questions":"Which aspect of the long-standing confrontation has the new leader named as an issue?","answer":"Sovereignty"}
{"text":["Investors are ecstatic about central bankers working there. Listen to this, the German DAX Index up about 10 percent, the French CAC 40, up more than nine percent. Now, they are both measures like the Dow 30, which on Wall Street jumped 500 points in the morning.","In Britain, Prime Minister Gordon Brown put $65 billion of government money into three British banks. NPR's Rod Gifford is in London. We're going to him. Rob, hello. I think that people are saying it is this British plan, the so-called British plan that seems to be may be spurring a little bit of a recovery around the world. What is the British government doing, and what does it want in return?","Well, as you say, Alex, Gordon Brown is getting a lot of kudos from this, because he was the one who put this plan forward last week. What they're doing, as you say, is to put a lot of government money that is taxpayer's money, $65 billion worth of it, into three British banks into order to - they hope - free up the bank to bank lending, and the whole crisis of confidence that has struck British banks as it has done elsewhere.","In return - some very important conditions they want in return. Right upfront, leaders of these banks that have got into trouble must step down. Bonuses are being frozen for other executives who stay on and crucially, the demand that these banks maintain mortgage lending and small-business lending at 2007 levels, levels of last year."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Central bankers' actions have positively affected the market.","questions":"What is the German DAX Index up by?","answer":"10"}
{"text":["Yes, I think there probably would be. There are certainly places in Australia and potentially in South Africa where one could look. But the number of places where rocks of this age are preserved or well-preserved is rather few. Most of them have got sort of cooked and baked and shoved up and down by mountain buildings and the like.","And so you often have to look inside the interiors of very large and very ancient continents: North America around the margins of Canada; or in Australia, both of which are very ancient continental masses.","So what happened to the smell?Why doesn't the world smell like rotten eggs today?","Well, it's true that these bacteria are still active, and of course if you pass a blocked drain or something like that, you can see that smell, and it's exactly the same activity going on. Bacteria are eating other things, eating algae, eating other bacteria. And the reason you don't smell it is because the creatures that were living at the surface, the fossils that we first saw, were producing oxygen by photosynthesis."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Canada and Australia have ancient continental masses which you can look inside the interior.","questions":"How are the continents in Canada and Australia described?","answer":"Ancient"}
{"text":["What's this program, Becoming a Man, meant to you and other students and your friends?","It means a lot. It gives you insight of how to be a man and take care of your business and have integrity, visionary goal-setting and respect for one another. It helps you be more aware of who you are and what you could do with your life.","Tell us a bit about your life, could you, and your family.","I'm the youngest of six, which is hard to be sometimes, because you get bossed around by everybody in the house. Come from a single-parent home - my mom. Dad was never around. I have sickle cell anemia, so I persevered over that. We had good times and bad times, you know, just like any other family. But we're very close."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Tell us a bit about your life, could you, and your family.","questions":"Which program gives insight on how to be a man and take care of your business, have integrity, visionary goal-setting and respect for one another?","answer":"Becoming"}
{"text":["The program hasn't been very popular with the farmers. They would much prefer to just have more successful markets that they can go to rather than have to kind of accept government handouts.","President Trump tweeted earlier this year that with more than a hundred billion coming into the U. S.  in tariffs, the U. S.  would buy agricultural products from farmers, ship them to poor and starving countries in the form of humanitarian assistance. Has that happened?","No. They looked into a program along those lines but realized it was pretty infeasible. You know, there's problems with kind of dumping large amounts of crops on poor countries because you can ruin their own agriculture sectors. So they decided to just do the more simple program, where you provide the direct payments to farmers. Now, the part that is right there is that the total amount being brought in by these could get to be $100 billion. I mean, at the current pace - it was 6 billion in June. That would work out to about 72 billion a year if it continues. And there's talk of adding even more tariffs on top of that. So you really could get to 100 billion being the number.","But at the end of the day, this has not turned into some kind of windfall for the U. S."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The program of providing direct payments to farmers is more feasible than dumping large amounts of crops on poor countries.","questions":"Which program is more feasible?","answer":"Direct"}
{"text":["Earlier this week, Deacon White was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame. And yes, we know, you've never heard of him. White's career began in 1871, at the dawn of professional baseball. He played catcher in the days when catchers use no equipment at all: no glove, no pads, no facemask. They became heroes celebrated for their courage and their wits, and Deacon White stood out as one of the best.","Baseball historian Peter Morris serves on what used to be called the Veteran's Committee at Cooperstown. It's now called the Pre-Integration Era Committee. He's also the author of \"Catcher: How the Man Behind the Plate Became an American Folk Hero\" and joins us now from the studios at Michigan Radio in Ann Arbor. Good to have you with us today.","My pleasure to be here, Neal.","And in your book, you argue that the generation that came of age after the Civil War looked around for some heroes and found them behind home plate."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The generation after the Civil War looked to catchers as heroes.","questions":"What did the generation after the Civil War consider catchers?","answer":"Heroes"}
{"text":["Yes, of course. Ja.","Does it work?Have you taken it for a spin?","We intentionally avoided to drive the car. But what is really interesting, after 162 years, we conducted this - we call it octagon engine because of the shape of the exterior of the engine. And we connected it to a battery supply and the engine is still working today.","So you've started it up."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The actual meaning of these turns is that A and B are inquiring whether the car has been used and tested, not just looked at.","questions":"What did PersonA connect the octagon engine to?","answer":"Battery"}
{"text":["Yeah. The numbers aren't necessarily looking his way.","No.","Glenn Thrush is the chief political correspondent of Politico. Thanks so much for being back with us.","Great to be here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Glenn Thrush's report does not seem to be in favor of the current situation.","questions":"Which correspondent's report was not in favor of the current situation?","answer":"Glenn-Thrush's"}
{"text":["Well, I know that my name is on the cover, but the Library of America was at least an equal partner, if not more. Reggie Hui there went into the archives, and he found every single short story she'd ever published in the most esoteric, small, little magazines. And John Kulka and Reggie and I had multiple really long debates and conversations about which stories to include. There were many passionate speeches on all sides, particularly mine. And we ended up with. . .","(Laughter) Battles to the death, I'm gathering. Yeah.",". . . Battles. Yes. It was bloody, but it was also joyous because we're - all three of us - just super fans of Nancy Hale's.","I mean, people always ask fiction writers - as you would know better than anyone - how much of your writing, how much of your protagonist is you. And writers always say, it's fiction. You know, I made it all up. But you write that with Hale, it's - it actually really matters to know what her life story was when you're reading these stories."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : She is agreeing that they debated and making it humorous.","questions":"What was the tone of the statement made by person A?","answer":"Humorous"}
{"text":["Right. And I think you do see that. And it's interesting you bring up health care. The Koch network has spent hundreds of millions of dollars over the years running issue ads and other advertising themed around health care, pointing to that as a critical issue for them. And I think you're starting to see them move away from that, move towards touting the tax overhaul that Republicans passed last year as a big achievement. I do think that if the tax overhaul hadn't passed, Republicans would have a lot more problems raising money that cycle. I think that you're going to see some checkbooks more open because they were able to pass that.","Let's turn to the Democrats - you know, oddly less well-known' in terms of just these big names. But we do know Tom Steyer. He is the billionaire hedge fund manager who has become so familiar with his ads calling for the impeachment of President Trump. Where will his money be going?","Mr.  Steyer has said that he's going to spend 30 million to help Democrats. He is really supporting the idea of impeaching the president. And so taking the House would allow that to move forward. I think that you're going to see a lot of that money flow into House races, some into Senate and gubernatorial races, which are also important this cycle.","But we do have this split in the Democratic Party, as well, between sort of the more liberal wing, the more activist wing and the other part of the party which is, you know, more traditional. So how will that play out?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Koch network uses health care as a ploy to gain Republican support.","questions":"Which issue does the Koch network use to gain Republican support?","answer":"healthcare"}
{"text":["Well, in short, yes, sort of. This river is high because of extreme rain. So when it rains here now, it rains more than it used to in the past. And that's in line with what we would see under climate change conditions. The National Climate Assessment predicts that when it rains, it's going to rain more in the future because warmer air can hold more moisture.","And actually, already, we're seeing that in the Midwest and along the East Coast. Sometimes 50% more rain is falling in a single rain event than used to earlier this century. I hear a lot of flood plain managers use the word unprecedented. It's the kind of rain that we just haven't seen in the past.","What does this mean for places in the Midwest and South?","Well, there's a lot of stress on infrastructure that really was not built to hold this. So all along the river, along rivers like this, there are levees. And in places like this, they were actually built to make sure there's enough water for barges to ship things down the river. They really were not designed to hold back floodwater at all, and they really weren't designed to hold back this amount of water for this long."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Levees were not built to handle current floodwater levels","questions":"How were levees built to handle floodwater levels?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["Well, the curfew has now been in place, you know, almost 36 hours. There are checkpoints every 300 meters. One of my Iraqi friends actually turned around to me and said, this feels like it was during the height of the invasion and the occupation of Iraq in. . .","Wow.",". . . 2003, 2004. It feels like, with so many soldiers out on the street, all that's changed is that the uniforms have changed. It's not American anymore. It's Iraqi.","Impossible to know where this might go next, of course, but in terms of the strategy that may be emerging among protesters, can you tell whether these seem organized?Are there leaders who are calling the direction of where things may go next?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The friend is referring to the most prominent moment and time of the invasion.","questions":"Which event is being compared to the current situation in the dialogue?","answer":"Iraq-occupation"}
{"text":["Good morning, Scott. You're going to have to work on your inflection if you want a new job.","Uh - (mumbling). Want a new job?Did you hear something. . .","ESPN.","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"How did Scott respond when PersonA mentioned about working on inflection for a new job?","answer":"OK"}
{"text":["Please tell us, what are your feelings, in the wake of Charlottesville, about the statues of your ancestor?","Well, I'm a pastor. And one of the things that I automatically go to is this is a form of idolatry, very plain and simply. We have made an idol of Robert Edward Lee. We have made him an idol of white supremacy. We have made him an idol of nationalism and of bigotry and of hate and of racism. And that's unacceptable. And not only as a person of goodwill but as for me as a Christian, I can no longer sit by and allow my family's name to be used as hate-filled speech.","Pastor, I'd like to note that you have, since you have come out publicly and talked about this, been receiving threats. Can you tell me what's been going on?","Yeah. Well, the message boards are lit up with people saying that people who are speaking out against white supremacy, including myself, should be taken care of, whatever that means. And it's been hard. I mean, I'm a 24-year-old. I'm a pastor. I'm not a violent person. I don't condone violence in any form. And so to see that there are people who wish to be violent against me and my family, against my church community is terrifying."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A's turn: \"the message boards are lit up with people saying that people who are speaking out against white supremacy, including myself, should be taken care of, whatever that means.\"","questions":"How has PersonA been targeted for speaking out against white supremacy?","answer":"violence"}
{"text":["My mother had a friend I called David in the essay. And he was a funny, charming man. And he always had clients around. He found them out of the state so they would live with him while they were going on auditions. And they seemed to have a lot of shirtless pictures of them around framed. That seemed to be the greatest bit of work that they did - were these shirtless pictures.","And each year, these boys would come and go, and they'd be between the ages of 12 and 16. And there was this feeling that my mother and I would sort of talk around. Is this weird?This is weird, right?No. No, it's David. It can't be weird. And I think there are a lot of people in Los Angeles dealing with that right now of people they have held in their heads where there's a little bit of a galvanic skin-crawly thing, but they also like this person.","Course, your article appeared as Anthony Rapp come forward with his charges against Kevin Spacey. Been a few more Kevin Spacey stories that have also come out since then. Without trying to judge the veracity of each and every story, what's the mix of ambition and vulnerability that makes child actors prey?","The same thing which puts women at risk in the business, which is economics. For children, there is a small window of opportunity in which a career is going to happen. You are not a child indefinitely. That makes people ripe for abuse."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"That makes people ripe for abuse.\" - The phrase \"ripe for abuse\" is not meant to convey a positive connotation, but rather highlights the vulnerability and potential for exploitation that arises from the limited window of opportunity for success in the entertainment industry.","questions":"How does the phrase \"ripe for abuse\" convey vulnerability in the entertainment industry?","answer":"Vulnerability"}
{"text":["I suspect that for many, many years, antibodies worked brilliantly. Infections have been really solved. And it didn't really matter very much how long you took your antibodies because they were - you got better, and it wasn't important. We are now worrying about resistance emerging. And so we now want to think much more carefully about how best to use the antibiotics we got so that they don't lose their activity.","I have a personal query about something else that we're always told - that we're not supposed to drink when we're taking antibiotics. Is that something that is also a folk wisdom or is there some scientific fact in that?","There are one or two antibiotics where they interact with alcohol. And they're not many of them. And by far, the majority of antibiotics that are prescribed have no interaction with alcohol. However, as a physician, I can never - you can never get me to say it's good to take alcohol. That's not what we're paid to do.","(Laughter) Indeed. Tim Peto, professor of infectious diseases at Oxford University, thank you so much for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"they interact with alcohol\" - the word \"interact\" implies a specific type of effect or relationship, rather than a straightforward physical interaction. Also, the speaker's hesitation to endorse alcohol suggests an implied meaning beyond the literal interaction.","questions":"How does alcohol affect certain antibiotics?","answer":"Interact"}
{"text":["It's correlated with overt racism, but it's very different, and the difference is that people are unaware of this. They don't want it, very often. They certainly don't endorse it, and it's what clinical psychologists or psychiatrists call a dissociation. It's like two separate things in the head, one egalitarian and open, the other biased.","All right, Dr.  Greenwald, thank you very much.","Thank you, Ira.","Tony Greenwald, psychologist, professor of psychology at the University of Washington. We're going to take a break, and afterwards we're going to come back and ask the candidates in a science debate - what would you ask them about science?Stay with us. We'll be right back. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The unconscious bias against certain groups of people can be a hidden problem that people are not aware of, yet still have an effect on their behavior and attitudes.","questions":"How is the unconscious bias described by Dr. Greenwald?","answer":"Hidden"}
{"text":["And how does Syria's war spark violence in Iraq?","Yes, it's a bit of a long story, Neal. I won't go into too much detail, but what I will say is that, you know, what happened in Syria, we all know it started as an uprising. It was during the Arab Spring. There were people going to the streets to protest. It took awhile for this to kind of catch on in Iraq. But when it did, it was a wave of protests in mostly Sunni areas. That's because the government in Iraq is controlled now by Shiites, Shiite politicians, different Shiite political parties. And so you saw in many Sunni areas of Iraq people going to the streets to protest, demanding jobs, demanding better treatment, demanding an end to what they see as kind of a police state behavior with their people, they said, you know, unlawful detentions.","And so when you have protests in a country that's already very divided along sectarian lines, the protests are going to get sectarian pretty quickly. And they also got violent. You saw in tandem with these protests were the rise of some violent attacks, and a lot of people attribute these attacks to local insurgent groups like al-Qaida in Iraq. And then you saw sort of Shiite militias, you know, fighting back with their own attacks. And then it basically spiraled out of control.","You mentioned al-Qaida in Iraq. This was a group that was, well, largely defeated by the Sunnis themselves, in cooperation with American and some Iraqi forces as well. But the Sunnis themselves discredited these people."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the protests got worse and worse until there was no way to control them any longer.","questions":"How did the protests in Iraq become violent?","answer":"Sectarian"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me.","You all have investigated conditions at these facilities and concluded that Customs and Border Protection should stop detaining migrants there altogether - right?- in the Rio Grande Valley Sector. Can you just describe what you've seen?","Well, we conducted over 120 interviews with migrants, and we've heard pretty horrendous stories, from being denied access to water to being held outdoors in a pen for three days without access to showers or medicine for children. The conditions are pretty horrific.","You mentioned you've interviewed families seeking asylum there. Can you give an example of a story that stuck with you - someone talking about what it was like to try and get health care treatment that they need?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Migrants are suffering from inhumane conditions in detention centers.","questions":"What are some of the specific issues that migrants are facing in the detention centers? (Answer: \"conditions\")","answer":"Conditions"}
{"text":["Hi, Lulu.","All right. Do Democrats have a strategy here?","They thought they had one. Remember; the mantra before the election was that Trump's world would change because the House of Representatives would have subpoena power. But now we're finding out, what if they issued a subpoena and no one came?I don't think that the House anticipated that he would really stiff them across the board. And in some ways, the very idea of Congress holding oversight over the executive branch is being challenged.","So this is a combination of Bill Barr, the attorney general's, long-standing belief in a very strong executive. He really doesn't think Congress should be investigating the president. And that fits nicely with Trump's, really, lifelong instinct, which is if you're not fighting, you're losing. He also doesn't want the exposure and the optics of having Mueller testify before the cameras. And, of course, he has a career-long history of litigiousness - take his enemies to court, cost them some money and, above all, run out the clock.","All right, so what can the Democrats do then?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Run out the clock\" is not literal. There is no actual clock here, as in sports. Instead, it refers to delaying tactics where the \"clock\" would be the remainder of his time in office.","questions":"How does \"run out the clock\" differ from its literal meaning?","answer":"Metaphorical"}
{"text":["It's necessary because of the drop in consumption.","When the government is spending over $150 billion on a stimulus bill like this, will that have a long run effect on how every person gets a check has to pay out their taxes in the future, has to deal with the realities of how much service the federal government can give in the future?I mean, will there be a sort of back-end re-tax for people who might get a cut in the short run?","I wouldn't put it that way. The problem is in the short run will people be much worse off and will they be able to recover from that?Because during a recession it's not unusual for families to lose two or three percent of their income. So the issue is do you want to lose that two or three percent because in the future you don't want to get a tiny tax increase to balance the budget.","So I think you have to think about what's the potential loss in income, which can be huge if we have a severe recession, or even a mild recession like the one we had in 2001."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"put it that way\" - This phrase is an idiom that means to express something in a different or less direct way. In this context, it implies that A disagrees with the way B phrased his question and wants to clarify the issue.","questions":"How does the phrase \"put it that way\" relate to PersonA's response to PersonB's question?","answer":"Disagrees"}
{"text":["Here's another example - property buyouts. So the federal government will sometimes buy properties with federal and local money after a disaster, like floods. And the land gets turned into permanent green space. And in the future, no other homes or businesses or potential lives will be lost there. That's the point of the buyout.","So if they're buying out property, you have to be a property owner to benefit from that. And people with more wealth are generally more often property owners. Is that how this is working?","Mm-hmm. And there have been barriers to property ownership in the U. S.  for various people, various racial groups, as well.","Sure."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  Similarly, \"Sure\" is used as a casual affirmation or agreement in this context, indicating B's acceptance of what A just said. Its actual meaning is an informal way of expressing agreement or understanding, rather than its literal interpretation.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's statement in turn 3?","answer":"Casual"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . We first went up there. But he and I got to be very close friends.","Bishop Woods remembers the friendship, the music and good food at the Gaston. But it also became a target for hate. On May 11, 1963, two bombs exploded near Dr.  King's room.","But he just happened to have gone home to visit his wife on that day. And the citizens were upset, thinking Dr.  King had been killed. But he hadn't been killed.","What happened to you that day?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: It was a lucky coincidence that Dr. King was not present in the Gaston on that day when the bombs went off. ","questions":"What was fortunate for Dr. King on the day of the bombing?","answer":"Coincidence"}
{"text":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning different from the literal meaning is:  \"Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.\"  The literal meaning of this sentence is that the president's behavior or reactions were influenced either by a sense of recompense or by the impact of the Vegas shooting. However, the implied meaning is that the president's display of empathy during this time was seen as genuine and uncharacteristic compared to his previous actions or statements since he assumed office.","questions":"Which moment of the president was seen as one of his most authentic moments of empathy according to the speaker?","answer":"Vegas"}
{"text":["They are fanatical about football hooligamisn in the same way that some people are fanatical about fine wines or foreign languages or current affairs. So they took their inspiration from the birthplace of football hooliganism. They're dedicated to their art of ultraviolence. They don't drink. They don't smoke. They work out specifically for, like, these encounters, as they call them.","Why do they want to be perpetrators of violence?","They say it's a way proving themselves. It's just another form of contact sport, you know?They have a tradition called wall on wall, which was when residents from two areas would gather and walk towards each other. And the object of the game, as it were, was to take out your opponent - take them out as in knock them down or render them unconscious. And as one football hooligan said to me, like, football hooliganism was made in Russia, it's just an extension of this wall on wall pastime.","How upset is the Russian government over what's been happening among Russian fans in France?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of the turn is asking why they want to cause violence, but the implied meaning is asking why they find violence appealing or attractive.","questions":"What is the reason for their dedication to ultraviolence?","answer":"Proving"}
{"text":["Over 700 people were killed this week when a stampede took place during the Hajj, the annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca. The sheer volume of pilgrims every year has led to problems before. In fact, over 1,400 people were killed in a similar incident back in 1990. This week, Iran and other regional powers criticized the Saudi Arabian government for poor management of the crowds that come to their holy places. Gary Sick is a senior research scholar at Columbia's Middle East Institute. He joins us now from New York. Thanks so much for being with us, Mr.  Sick.","It's a real pleasure.","What do you read into Iran's outspoken criticism of Saudi Arabia over these deaths?","This is very standard stuff. The Iranians and the Saudis have a running battle about the Hajj. And the worst incident they've ever had was actually back in 1987. In each case, they've blamed the Saudis. And in each case, the Saudis have blamed the pilgrims for misbehaving, for not doing what they were told. And on the previous case, the Saudis broke diplomatic relations with Iran over the incident. And that was only restored a few years later after Khomeini died."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) A: It's a real pleasure. (implied meaning: I am happy to be here and discuss this important topic)","questions":"What is the reason for PersonA's pleasure in the conversation?","answer":"Discussion"}
{"text":["Then on top of that, last year, there was this thing called the beast from the east, which was a deep freeze coming across Italy and Greece, and that destroyed a lot of trees. Olive trees are very hardy, but they can't take extreme cold. If it's below 10 degrees Fahrenheit for just a matter of hours, it can kill the tree. So Italian farmers these days are thinking they can't catch a break. This is a confluence of factors, which has led to an overall production of around 185,000 tons this season, which is not very good.","Is it really possible that Italy could run out of olive oil next month?","Well, you know, Italy is not as big, for example, a producer as Spain, you know, and we see a lot of headlines right now that says Italy will be forced to be an olive oil importer. Well, Italy is the largest olive oil importer in the world and always has been, but it has just a limited amount of its own production to go around. So what - I think it's really more a matter of Italy running out of stock, running out of stocks of its own olive oil. And all of the bottling that goes on there and the exporting that goes on in Italy will be using oils from other origins.","We have to ask in this day and age, is climate change affecting the Italian olive oil production industry?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Climate change could be affecting Italian olive oil production.","questions":"What factor could be impacting the Italian olive oil industry?","answer":"Climate"}
{"text":["Well, I think it was more like blind anger, as anyone would probably if you have, you know, the highest elected person in the land telling you that the - an entire congressional district is rat-infested and miserable and a horrible place when, of course, that's not true. And you have to sort of question his judgment, as this is not hardly the first time he has done something like this.","I'll put it bluntly. Did you take the bait?I mean, it seems like these repeated attacks are designed to cause controversy and to cause the media to engage.","Well, I think you've really hit the nail on the head. That's the - that is the professional problem that we all have in covering this president. But if you have this carefully considered, you know, sort of - you know, this is some academic or intellectual argument, it's going to be - fall on deaf ears as well. So at some point, you know, you have to take the measure of the moment and decide where you're going to go.","And I think, you know, this particular tweet that - actually series of tweets and somewhat echoed again this morning - is just beyond the pale. I mean, it's just so obvious what's going on. It's just not excusable, so you just have to stand up for the people who don't have a voice in this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Hitting the nail on the head means to state the truth. The deaf ears are people that don't want to hear about it.","questions":"Which phrase means stating the truth?","answer":"Hitting"}
{"text":["We're learning more about the nine people who died Thursday in a shooting attack that shattered the peace in a small town in Oregon. Authorities have released the names of the victims who were murdered at Umpqua Community College in Roseburg. Nine other people were wounded. The shooter died as well. NPR's Tom Goldman has been in Roseburg since the day of the shooting and joins us. Tom, thanks for being with us.","Hi, Scott, my pleasure.","And of course, we usually talk about sports - not today. Oregon's your home.","Not today, indeed. I'm based in Portland, about three, three-and-a-half hours north of here, close enough for me to come here and report on this."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"based in Portland\" - This is an idiom meaning that the person's primary residence or place of work is located in Portland, rather than a literal description of their location.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of \"based in Portland\" in the dialogue?","answer":"Primarylocation"}
{"text":["Yeah.","I love salt.","You didn't see that coming. (Laughter) You love salt.","I totally didn't.","That's an essential mineral."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A: \"You didn't see that coming.\" - This phrase is often used figuratively to express surprise or unexpectedness, rather than referring to literal visual perception.","questions":"What did PersonA's phrase in turn 2 express?","answer":"Surprise"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . Jupiter. But there's no debris right now. It looks like whatever hit Jupiter, Jupiter just kind of swallowed it whole.","Yeah. You know, I'm reminded - when you say debris, I'm reminded of that famous Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet that broke up and smashed into the planet in 1994.","Well, you're right. And, you know, I said 10 or 20 years ago, people might have said that Dan Peterson, who saw the impact, was just, you know, seeing things. But back before comet Shoemaker - excuse me, SL9 hit Jupiter, astronomers were very skeptical that big impacts like that occurred in the modern day solar system. And then we saw that tremendous series of 21 impacts with our own eyes, when Shoemaker 9 hit Jupiter. And, of course, that was a comet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Astronomers were skeptical of big impacts in modern solar system before Shoemaker 9 hit Jupiter in 1994","questions":"Which comet hit Jupiter in 1994?","answer":"SL9"}
{"text":["Think of it this way. So, I mean, if you had a bucket of rice, right?","Yeah.","And they're mostly white grains of rice. But in there, there are a few ones that are brown, and you know that a certain country tends to produce that mixture. Well, then you'd say I have some confidence this rice came from that country. It's like that, except that the ones that are a different color, they're not that easy to tell. You have to actually look into their genome along the many, many, many chemical letters, and you'll find a slight, slight difference. So it's very difficult.","So what is it that these scientists were doing?What were they creating along the way to try to solve the mystery of who had perpetrated this crime?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn (3) by speaker B is an example of a statement whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.  In this turn, speaker B uses a metaphor of a bucket of rice to explain the concept of DNA analysis and how it can be used to identify the origin of a sample. The actual meaning of the turn is that DNA analysis can reveal subtle differences in the genetic makeup of individuals, which can be used to identify their origin or other characteristics. However, the literal meaning of the turn is about a bucket of rice and the difficulty of identifying a few brown grains of rice in a sea of white grains.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue uses a metaphor of a bucket of rice to explain DNPersonA analysis?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["And this email from Daryl: I used to be a student of Vernor Vinge, a wonderful professor. I'm legally blind. He writes, I'm wondering, how would this work with those individuals?We do have iPhone apps that can give turn-by-turn navigation, but all those other features of Google glasses would not be present.","Sort of two possibilities there: One, is the sort of thing that I was talking about, learning to use the devices that you have and that you are wearing. That depends on the plasticity of the human brain. We're quite capable of learning new tricks and cooperating with the devices that we have to get results that we may be barred from getting in other ways. The other approach to this sort of thing is to actually look at where the blindness happens. If the blindness happens within the eyes, then you want to just go a little bit upstream from that and see whether the neurons behind that are still capable of responding to stimulus and then figuring out how to stimulate them directly without the light.","If that's gone, then you're talking about something, perhaps, much harder, which is to go upstream from that and look at the beginning of neuron interpretation of sight that's happening within the brain and actually making your input at that level.","Have you signed up for Google glasses yet?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : none","questions":"Which professor did Daryl mention in the email?","answer":"Vernor-Vinge"}
{"text":["I think that, you know, the fantasy genre, it lets you explore all these human emotions and feelings. But now, going back and learning about his passion for language and realizing that each word, name of a place or person, it's steeped in so much history and thought that you realize that the reason these worlds feel so realistic and are easy to disappear into are because of the amount of work he put into it - and building maps so that he could figure out how long it would take a character to travel from this area to this area and if they could reliably be there in the time it needed for the story to work and make sense. And just things that - the depth of his knowledge and creation was incredible.","So last question, I understand that you can speak some Elvish now (laughter) as part. . .","(Laughter).",". . . Of your going into the characters. I was wondering if you could say something for us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : You don't disappear but get involved in the story due to the worlds.","questions":"How do the worlds in the story feel to the reader?","answer":"Realistic"}
{"text":["Look, next season the NBA's going to have to wait around for the Harrison twins - aren't they?- from the University of Kentucky?They announced they're coming back. What's going on - they want to stay in school?What'll they learn there?","(Laughter) Some actually do. It's ironic, isn't it, for Kentucky head coach John Calipari to - the man who's mastered the one-and-done phenomenon. He's so used to recruiting top high school players, grooming them for a year and then saying goodbye. But along with the Harrisons, four other key players from the team that lost the title game just this month, players who could have left, decided not to.","And in the meantime, Calipari has recruited another bunch of amazing high schoolers. So not only is Kentucky already the absolute preseason favorite for next year, it'll be a real challenge for Coach Cal to find enough playing time for his surplus of amazing talent.","And Tom, we lost Earl Morrall this week, maybe the greatest sub of all time, wasn't he?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I'm not mad\" might imply that the speaker is indeed upset, but they don't want to express it openly. It could also imply that the speaker is trying to downplay their emotions and wants the listener to know that they should not be worried or feel responsible for the speaker's emotional state.","questions":"What might the speaker be trying to downplay in turn 3?","answer":"Emotions"}
{"text":["One is from Vaclav Havel. He's a ex-Czech president. And basically, it says for kids to surround themselves by people who seek the truth and then run from the people who have claimed they have found it. That's one of the quotes.","I talk to the parents, and I said, you know, everything has got to be non-offensive. It has to be a, you know, definitely acceptable for high school students. It can't be anything that's controversial.","So how much money have you raised?","You know, right now, I've raised $350, but I've been receiving numerous offers in the past week."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Surround yourself with those seeking truth and avoid those who claim they have found it.","questions":"How would you describe the quote from Vaclav Havel?","answer":"Explanatory"}
{"text":["I don't think I can get away with that.","Usually, that's the NPR pipeline, isn't it?","Right, exactly. Yeah. You've played a couple games now. How'd they go?","They went well. We played the best team in Poland, actually, in our first game and lost pretty badly. But I played OK. In the second game, we won, which was great. This team was just promoted - the team that I play on - to the first division."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Asking how the other person is doing with their team in terms of wins and losses.","questions":"What was the NPR pipeline?","answer":"Broadcasting"}
{"text":["One of the things I've always loved about the Democratic Party is that it is a big-tent party, and it embraces opportunity for all people. And I'm running for president because I think my life experience can address this Trump-fueled national crisis of division that has been moving us backward. And I look at my experience of bringing people together - businesses and nonprofits and Republicans and Democrats - and to really get things done, to get to near-universal health care, create the No. 1 economy in the country for three consecutive years - I think that record stands for itself.","Governor John Hickenlooper, thank you so much for joining us.","You bet, Noel. Thank you so much.","That's former Colorado Governor John Hickenlooper, talking to us for our Opening Arguments series."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Democratic Party is inclusive and addresses national crisis","questions":"How does John Hickenlooper think his life experience can address the national crisis?","answer":"Opportunity"}
{"text":["Scott, I've never seen anything like this really in China. I've been in and out of here for close to 20 years. And so I was talking to this low-level manager, and he said officials here were getting kickbacks to approve coal mines and other businesses.","Yeah.","They were using shell companies to invest. So what they were basically doing was - they don't really care about the real economy. They were just looking for ways to profit. And so you sort of see this breakdown in the system where you've got the wrong incentives and corruption is driving a lot of this.","Have you been able to talk to people, Frank?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A \"kickback\" in this case refers to a bribe or some other incentive, no actual physical interaction is happening in reality.","questions":"How does PersonA define \"kickback\"?","answer":"Bribe"}
{"text":["Still, you'll remember that more than two dozen Russians have already been indicted this year for conspiring to interfere in the 2016 elections. And the message this week is that they are at it again, or maybe they never stopped.","We should remind ourselves - this is so serious. This has to do with the ability of citizens to cast vote, which is the lowest and most important lever of democracy. What's the reaction been like so far in the Capitol?","You know, President Trump has kind of brushed off these new charges. He says there's nothing here to do with his campaign. And he says if there are hackers out there, they probably liked his opponent in 2016, Hillary Clinton, better than him. He was also critical, yesterday, of former President Obama, Trump said, for not doing more in 2016 to deter these attacks back then. Of course, the Obama administration tried to issue a warning, but they say that idea was shot down by Republican Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell at the time.","As for other reactions from the Capitol, Senator Mark Warner, Democrat - the senior Democrat on the Senate Intelligence Committee - says it's time for Congress to get involved here. He says that social media companies need to commit to work with lawmakers to update laws and better protect against this kind of foreign election interference."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Russian interference in the 2016 election is ongoing or never stopped.","questions":"What is the message that has been conveyed this week regarding Russian interference in the 2016 election?","answer":"Ongoing"}
{"text":["Right. So there's one where Kim Kardashian is posing against a pile of sand. She's undressed, very provocative. And then there's you, sort of similarly clad, reclining against gravel (laughter).","Yeah, on a dirt pile. Kim Kardashian on a dirt pile. That's the way people refer to that photo a lot.","Why do you think it's resonated so much?Why do you think people have enjoyed this so much?","Well, first and foremost, I look like an idiot in them, the other person doesn't. And it's not like I'm taking - I don't take paparazzi photos of people or I'll only take what they've posted themselves. And then I look silly in it. So the beginning of it is me looking stupid. And I think people like that. I think people like seeing people make fun of themselves - I do - and just not caring. I think it's nice to see on a platform like Instagram, where it's all about how things are staged. It's nice to see something that is so not."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In Turn (4), when A says, \"And then I look silly in it,\" they are not suggesting that they are physically looking at themselves while taking the photo, but rather that they appear foolish or ridiculous in the photo.","questions":"How does PersonA describe their appearance in the photo?","answer":"Silly"}
{"text":["And now we're going to move from talking with mental health experts to someone who has lived addiction. Jonny W.  lost almost everything to a gambling addiction. Thank you for coming in and being with us.","Thank you for having me here today.","Well, you know, let's start at the beginning. When did you start gambling?","Mr.  W. : Well, I started at the ripe old age of about 12-years-old. And at that particular time, it was just a matter of fun and hanging out with my friends."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Gambling was initially a harmless and enjoyable activity","questions":"What was the age when Mr. W. started gambling?","answer":"12"}
{"text":["I think it's going to move in a lot of different directions. There's a lot of things happening. Number one, the directors now are younger. And they usually tend to want to have the music that they grew up with, or music that they're into at that moment, in their films. So for me, I'm kind of open. I think, you know, if you have some music in your soul, and you're able to produce it however you can, you know, there's a musician there. I do miss, you know, the old days, you know, when you do a film, you get hired and the guy says, write some music, and you write music. And you come back and you talk about that music, but not in relationship to a committee deciding based on something that some kids in Pasadena thoughy. You know, so anyway.","Well, it sounds like a fascinating business.","Yeah, yeah, yeah.","Stanley Clarke, thanks for talking to us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (2) implies admiration and admiration of the business while (4) implies gratitude and appreciation for Stanley Clarke's time.","questions":"How did PersonB express gratitude towards Stanley Clarke?","answer":"Praise"}
{"text":["It occurred on August 1st, in the late hours of the morning. One Serbian fell, and another (unintelligible) porter fell as well trying to rescue him, and that was the beginning of the fatalities. However, the serac fall, which stranded most of the climbers, didn't occur until quite late in the evening on August 1st.","A serac is a big column of ice, a big sheet of ice. And it fell off the mountain, and that complicated things for a lot of people. What were conditions like?","The weather was completely calm, very cold and clear, which is normal. No wind and as the day began to - as the sun began to rise, the weather was actually better than we could have hoped for. But, of course, things changed. The wind began to pick up the next day as people were stranded, and that complicated the rescue effort.","You were attempting to summit on that day, weren't you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"You were attempting to summit on that day, weren't you?\" - The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking if the person was planning to reach the summit on that day. The implied meaning could be that the speaker wants to know if the person was involved in the events that were being discussed earlier.","questions":"How does the speaker imply that the person may have been involved in the events being discussed?","answer":"Involved"}
{"text":["Beppe Grillo of the Five Star Movement - which you mentioned - and the Democratic Party have the numbers to do that. And I think if the Grillo people are not - if they are wise and responsible, I think they should do something. They got a lot of votes, now they have to do something with that. Italy doesn't have the time to wait for another year, another election. The market cannot wait. Europe does not wait.","Yeah, they're not waiting, but Mr.  Grillo, so far, has been very uncooperative.","Look, I read something that Mr.  Grillo said today, and it is that he expect Mr.  Berlusconi - therefore the right - and the Democratic Party - therefore the left - to form a sort of grand coalition government, and say - and then there will be a disaster. And there will be - and I will - and there will be another election, and I will be a winner on the rubble - he used the expression macerie, that means the rubble - of Italy.","We don't want rubbles. We are a good country of Southern Europe, and we want to be a successful country. So I think that even the deputies of Mr.  Grillo are not happy with that. They're now in parliament. They've got a job to do. I'm sure they can find 10, 15 points that they share with the Democratic Party, and form some kind of government, and start from there. I mean, to just say, I want to destroy everything, so next time I've got to have(ph) 50 percent, it's totally irresponsible."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Mr. Grillo's desire to destroy everything for personal gain is irresponsible.","questions":"Which party did Mr. Grillo expect to form a grand coalition government with, according to what was mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Democratic"}
{"text":["Do you think it was a mistake of Robert Mueller not to have subpoenaed the president to sit down for an interview?","I think, according to the report, my understanding is he realized that if he had done that, it would have added two years to this process.","And what if that happened?Do you - would you have been also against the idea of subpoenaing the president to make him testify or interview?","I don't want to second-guess Robert Mueller, but I think he probably made the right call because now at least we can get the report out; otherwise, everything would be in limbo through the next election. I think it's better to have it on the table now. And I'm hoping that my committee - I'm certainly going to urge the leadership of the intelligence committee to call Robert Mueller before our committee in an open session. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn (2) has a figurative meaning, as \"adding two years to this process\" does not necessarily mean that it would have taken two years longer to conduct the interview. It could mean that the process would have been further prolonged or complicated.","questions":"Which word in turn 2 has a figurative meaning?","answer":"Adding"}
{"text":["From NPR News, it's Day to Day. Mexico could collapse if it doesn't get control of the drug war there. That's the conclusion of two reports, one from the Defense Department, the other from former drug czar Barry McCaffrey, who says Mexico is, quote, \"on the edge of the abyss. \"","NPR's Mexico City correspondent Jason Beaubien is in Tijuana. And Jason, that sounds pretty dire, \"on the edge of the abyss. \"What are these reports saying?","Both of these reports are basically saying that the drug war in Mexico at the moment is escalating, and it's out of control in some parts of the country, and that the U. S.  should be considering that these confrontations that the Mexican state is having with drug cartels almost all across the country could push the state into a failed state.","A failed state. So what actually could trigger that?What could push Mexico over the edge?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mexico is facing a very serious and dangerous situation.","questions":"Which country is mentioned in the statement?","answer":"Mexico"}
{"text":["I am honored to be the district attorney of Brooklyn. But with respect to wrongful conviction cases, I have inherited a mess. I am currently investigating over 100 claims of wrongful convictions. Those numbers are staggering. And that's why I created the conviction review unit, and was able to convince a very prominent, well-respected law professor, Ron Sullivan, who's a law professor at Harvard Law School, to come down to Brooklyn and run my unit.","How do you go to the family of a victim of the original crime and tell them that the person or persons they thought killed their loved one didn't?","That was the hardest thing I had to do to. To sit down with the Blenner family and to let them know that the two defendants whom they believed for 29 years were responsible for the abduction, robbery and murder of their son and brother were wrongfully convicted was extremely difficult. And I pledged to them that I would do all I could to pursue the leads that we do have because we have leads to try to hold the people who killed him responsible.","How does a conviction review unit go about the business of looking at so many cases?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A's statement implies the emotional weight of telling the Blenner family about the wrongful conviction, rather than a literal description of the physical act of sitting down with them.","questions":"What was the most challenging aspect of PersonA's conversation with the Blenner family?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["And yet despite all this, is Sisi still a popular figure?","Yeah, he is a popular figure. The military is seen as the most trusted institution in Egypt. He comes from that institution. He was elected in an election that maybe wasn't really fair, but it wasn't rigged in a wide scale manner. He was voted in with more than 95 percent of the votes here. But it's an election that took place in an atmosphere of fear, where you're basically with us or against us. And if you're against us, the idea of against us lands you in jail.","What are the challenges that he faces?","The biggest challenge he' got is the economy - the foundering economy. Egypt is in debt and needs to dig itself out of that hole. And there are constant power cuts going on right now in the soaring summer heat. And the way he's doing that is lifting the subsidies, which take a huge part of the budget. But that will also possibly lead to protests against him, possibly, because that means people are going to be paying higher gas prices, which have already been lifted, and higher food prices."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : That statement implies that Sisi's election may not have been fair and that there was an atmosphere of fear during the election.","questions":"What was the atmosphere during Sisi's election?","answer":"Atmosphere"}
{"text":["How do you feel about the United States now?","It was my home, and it is my home. And it will be my home because I have nowhere else to go. If I went somewhere else, I wouldnt be alive.","Is there something you'd like the Army and the Department of Defense and everyone to know about you?","I am more patriotic than many Americans. I am ready to lay my life down for this country and for the safety of its people. Im not a bad person, and I have never committed a crime. My life is in danger if the institutions like USCIS and DOD does not help me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The United States is the only place where the speaker can survive.","questions":"What is the reason why the speaker would not be alive if they went somewhere else?","answer":"Alive"}
{"text":["She says that the album's title, \"Pleasure,\" came out of a time when she wasn't feeling much of it.","There wasn't a particular thing. I was in a low-grade - just of confusion. Maybe it was like a what - what direction to go next - like, your compass stops working. It might have been from repetition of touring, from being - you know, having been an adult for long enough to have observed what I was doing as an adult. What - how adulthood was looking on me - you know what I mean?And so I think it was just a confluence of a bunch of different factors - you know what I mean?- that was putting me in a state of mind.","Yeah, I think for those of us that are older, we call it a midlife crisis. We have these crises of confidence (laughter). But I don't think that's what was going through you.","I know."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Turn (3) \"Yeah, I think for those of us that are older, we call it a midlife crisis. We have these crises of confidence (laughter). But I don't think that's what was going through you\" is an example of a turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.  In this turn, the speaker uses the term \"midlife crisis\" in a humorous and light-hearted way to describe a general feeling of uncertainty or confusion that comes with getting older. The actual meaning of the turn is not that the speaker believes the interviewee was experiencing a midlife crisis, but rather that the interviewee was going through a difficult time of uncertainty and confusion.","questions":"What term did PersonB use to describe the feeling of uncertainty or confusion that comes with getting older?","answer":"Midlife"}
{"text":["Parents never want to let their kids down, but this holiday season, many parents face a sad reality. Empty wallets will mean fewer presents. So how do you talk to your kids about facing a lean holiday season?We pose that question to our regular News & Notes contributor, Judge Lynn Toler, the star of TV's \"Divorce Court. \"Hi, Lynn.","How are you, Farai?","I'm doing quite well, but there are a lot of folks who are really financially pinched. And for better or worse, we live in a society where people are often judge by things. And kids are no exception. Kids can be really cruel, if you're wearing the wrong brand of sneakers or if you're - you got a toy, but it's the generic toy as opposed to some, you know, over-priced brand name toy. Given how kids act, and given the realities of the moment, and given that gift giving is a part of the holiday season, how do you, if you're a parent, process the needs that you have to deal, with the very real bills, and to deal with the expectations of little people?","Well, I have couple of responses to that. First of all, you give the hit to the persons or the people best able to take it. We as parents - my husband and I may not exchange gifts this year. We may exchange coupons for, I'll give you a coupon for going to a crash-and-smash movie with you, I'll go to a chic movie with you. (unintelligible)"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : financially \"pinched\" implies the money situation is painful","questions":"How does PersonB describe the situation many parents are facing during the holiday season?","answer":"Sad"}
{"text":["How - let me just change gears because the title of your book is \"Energy for Future Presidents: The Science Behind the Headlines. \"The last time you were on, you were talking about physics for future presidents. We're in a presidential debate year. Do you think this should be an issue, the talk about global climate change and global warming?","Oh I - energy, there's nothing more important in our world than the future of energy. We start wars over energy. Events like Fukushima and the Gulf oil spill have too much influence in our policy. We have to sit back and be thoughtful and think: What can we do?","For the case of global warming, I do believe we should take action, but most of the action that people are suggesting will not address the problem, and so we have to get the energy policy right. It has to be based in science and engineering and technology.","And what should that policy be?What should we do?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The topic of energy is crucial to our world's future and has significant impacts on policy decisions, including war.","questions":"What were the two events mentioned by \"A\" that have too much influence on policy?","answer":"Fukushima-spill"}
{"text":["Well, Mr.  Market feels pretty strongly that he's seen this show before. And. . .","He's counting on something to be worked out at the last minute.","That's right. The real question is, if by Thursday there's no deal, will stock markets still be gaily rising?I think the answer is probably no.","I was struck by a phrase in Chris Arnold's piece about the dollar being the bedrock currency for much of the world. Is that jeopardized?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) \"Mr. Market feels pretty strongly that he's seen this show before.\" The literal meaning of this sentence is that Mr. Market has a strong feeling of d\u00e9j\u00e0 vu. However, the implied meaning is that Mr. Market believes the current situation or event is similar to a previous one and may have similar outcomes or patterns.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of Mr. Market feeling that he has seen the show before?","answer":"Similarity"}
{"text":["And all this happened after midnight on Friday, so most people were sleeping. They were caught off guard and unable to escape. Houses, cars and bridges were washed away. And 17 neighborhoods were partially destroyed. And the town hospital and morgue are overflowing. Among the victims is a policeman who was carried away by rushing water when he tried to save a 12-year-old girl from drowning. And then there's the case of the Mocoa mayor, who is a pastor - he's homeless because rocks and mud came into his house and filled it all the way up to the ceiling.","Sounds like a horrific situation. How has the government responded?","President Juan Manuel Santos flew into Mocoa to inspect the town. He sent in the army. The Red Cross is there. There are emergency workers searching for survivors. But one of the problems is that there's no airport in Mocoa, and the main road into the town's been partially washed out. Half of Putumayo state's without power, and the drinking water supply has been totally destroyed. Now there've been some reports of people looting stores for food and water.","Just briefly - you know, we've heard a lot about flooding and landslides in Latin America recently. Peru's also had massive flooding. Do we know why this is happening?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker aims to evoke empathy and raise awareness about the devastating impact of the natural disaster on the community, including loss of life, destruction of infrastructure, and the displacement of individuals, such as the mayor being left homeless.","questions":"How many neighborhoods were partially destroyed?","answer":"17"}
{"text":["Yeah. They made clear that their problems with these laws are not about abortion per se, but about interference in the doctor-patient relationship, which is true. And that is their complaint. I would point out that there have been a number of other abortion laws or abortion regulations that they have not been so outspoken on that would have equally interfered with the doctor-patient relationship.","For a little more context, though, how influential is the American Medical Association at this point?","Well, they're still pretty influential in that people see that name and think, oh, the AMA - they represent doctors. But the AMA has represented a smaller percentage of doctors over the years. It is not quite as big and powerful as it used to be. But still, the brand carries some weight, and it carries some weight in Washington and in state capitals.","Doesn't it carry weight precisely because people see it as apolitical?And is this jeopardizing that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : When they say \"these laws are not about abortion per se\" they are actually implying that this particular law IS about abortion, but arguments are being made to indicate otherwise","questions":"How are the problems of the American Medical Association with the abortion laws described by the speaker?","answer":"bias"}
{"text":["Are a lot of Europeans rethinking whether or not they even want to be unified?","Yes, I think they are. I think a good many Europeans are thinking maybe open borders is not such a great idea. Maybe the best thing we can do is to start closing our borders and make sure that there are no migrants, no refugees, no foreign influences that are affecting our security and well-being inside the country.","You've also suggested that there's a kind of a parallel with politics in the United States at the moment.","Yeah, in some way I think you are seeing the same phenomenon in Europe as you are seeing with the support for Donald Trump and, to some extent, for Bernie Sanders who are attracting voters who are, in the Trump case, anti-immigrant, don't really want to be part of an activist foreign policy. They're anti-trade and they're nativists."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn (4) is another example of a turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker suggests that the phenomenon of attracting voters who are anti-immigrant, anti-trade, and nativist is similar in Europe and the United States, it does not necessarily mean that the situations are identical.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of turn 4?","answer":"implied"}
{"text":["I have credit, but it was delayed. I've never had trouble getting credit here in Brazil. I've always paid my bills, and so credit's available for me. But this year, the credit promises were made, but then the credit wasn't going to arrive until it was too late to order the fertilizer and actually work out the logistics of receiving it. And so it's changed my plans a lot this year.","And timing is really essential for farmers. So, how is that going to play out there with your 2000 acres of soy?","The 2,000 acres I'm going to plant this year are technically for another farmer. I'm not going to farm anything in my own name this year. And that's common enough, really; I'm not alone in that. Total acreage of corn and soybeans could easily be down this year in Brazil. Most people expect there to be less corn, a lot less cotton, and also less of some of the food crops like rice and edible beans. So, it's caused everyone to plant less than they normally would.","Where do all of those crops grown in Brazil - corn, wheat, and soy - where do they get exported to?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite having a good credit history, the credit was not available on time and it caused a lot of inconvenience","questions":"How was the credit situation for PersonA despite having a good credit history?","answer":"Inconvenience"}
{"text":["Now, the economies in Africa, let's say, in the Caribbean are different, are they not, from either the U. S. , Europe, or Asia?And I'm thinking, for example, of the $1 million notes being printed up willy-nilly in Zimbabwe. How has the global downturn affected them?","Well, just on Zimbabwe for a minute. Zimbabwe has a whole host of problems that are really quite unrelated to the credit crunch and the financial crisis. These are big problems that have been in the making for a long, long time because of an economy that's been run into the ground.","But more generally, Africa and Latin America are being hurt, but it doesn't seem quite as bad for example, as those in Eastern Europe, their debt levels are not as high. While they're hurting some because of the big fall in commodity prices - I mean, we've seen for example the first negative growth in South Africa since 1998. But I don't think these are as hard hit because the financial exposure in this part of the world is not as great as let's say it is in the U. S.  certainly, in Europe, and parts of emerging Europe.","Is that what is allowing some countries to be - I hesitate to use the word financially successful at the moment, but allowing them to compete in a way that they had not been able to before?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Money is being printed irresponsibly in Zimbabwe and the person wonder's how the lowering economy of the world affects them.","questions":"How is Zimbabwe affected by the global downturn?","answer":"Unrelated"}
{"text":["One of the points that you make in the book is that there were always competitors to Boas' ideas. In fact, one of his sort of chief antagonists was a person named Grant. What's. . .","Madison Grant, yeah.","Madison Grant, who actually created some of the institutions which continue to survive today as anti-immigrant think tanks.","That's right. On the one hand, Madison Grant - you know, we owe the survival of the American bison to him. We owe so many of the great conservation institutions to him and conservation areas in the American West to him. But he at the same time believed deeply that what he was seeing in New York - he was from New York, living in New York - was the same thing he had experienced in traveling through the American West - that is, he understood what it was like when noble creatures could suddenly be brought down by invading species or their environment changing, and suddenly, the bison, the elk, the wolf were in danger."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Noble implies the creature was native to the land","questions":"How does Grant's understanding of invading species relate to the concept of nobility?","answer":"Native"}
{"text":["Good to be with you, Scott.","So who came out of that debate looking strong as we look ahead to Iowa?","Two people in particular, Trump and Cruz, Donald Trump and Ted Cruz. Trump is no longer the dominating personality that he was, but he's still the name leading in national polls and in most of the early states. Cruz, though, is the central figure in this particular debate if only because he was the object of most of the attacks from the other candidates. And he is masterful at slipping the punch, changing the subject, turning the criticism back onto others.","What about all the time he had to spend, though, going back and forth about whether he's even eligible to run for president?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Two people in particular, Trump and Cruz, Donald Trump and Ted Cruz. Trump is no longer the dominating personality that he was, but he's still the name leading in national polls and in most of the early states. Cruz, though, is the central figure in this particular debate if only because he was the object of most of the attacks from the other candidates. And he is masterful at slipping the punch, changing the subject, turning the criticism back onto others.  In this turn, the actual meaning goes beyond the literal meaning. The speaker is not simply providing a factual description of the debate and the candidates, but they are also implying that Trump's dominance has diminished, although he still leads in polls. They also suggest that Cruz's ability to deflect criticism and turn it against others makes him a significant figure in the debate. The implied meaning is about the shifting dynamics and strategies of the candidates and their relative strengths.","questions":"How did Cruz handle the attacks from other candidates?","answer":"Masterful"}
{"text":["My gosh, no, no, no. I mean, you know, Rip Van Winkle goes to sleep for 20 years and doesn't look at his statements, and when he wakes up, his money is worth half of what he started with. And when he went to sleep, he was 40 years old. Now, he's 60. What the heck does Rip Van Winkle do?You know, Rip Van Winkle doesn't have enough life left to get back his money.","So, let me ask you this. I'm going to open my statement now, and what should I do with it?","If you're retired and you are living on your investments, you have no business in the stock market right now, none, zero. If you are not retired, you are contributing money to your investment portfolios, you're actively adding money, and you have the stomach for losses, then you can buy. When you look at GE at $8. 55 a share, when you look at Dow Chemical at seven bucks, the juices do get flowing. You can say to yourself, gosh, I'd really like to own these on the bet that 10, 15 years from now, they'll be higher. But you have to understand that they could all be cut in half before they go higher.","Paul Krsek is managing director and chief investment officer of 5T Wealth Management based in Napa Valley, California. Paul, thank you. It's always great to talk to you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A implies that Rip Van Winkle's investment is not worth as much after sleeping for 20 years. 2. A implies that it's not a good idea for retirees to invest in the stock market but younger people can do so if they are willing to take risks.","questions":"What is the age of Rip Van Winkle after waking up from his sleep?","answer":"60"}
{"text":["UNIDENTIFIED REPORTER #2: Under the command of General Eisenhower, Allied naval forces supported by strong air forces began landing Allied armies this morning on the northern coast of France.","Ships deposited more than 150,000 Allied troops on the beaches of Normandy. German forces were waiting in the cliffs above, and they unleashed. Meanwhile, paratroopers boarded planes, took to the air and dropped behind enemy lines.","Oh, it was a lot of noise - one after another.","What did it sound like?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Allied forces have made a successful landing on Normandy","questions":"What coast did the Allied forces land on?","answer":"Northern"}
{"text":["As you said in your introduction, she did play two definitive Southern belles, Scarlett O'Hara and Blanche DuBois. I guess also extraordinary that really, a classic English rose would play these two very famous roles in American literature. And I think both her accents are very convincing in both those films. But a number of her performances do continue into the modern age.","I think her life was relatively short. She died really at 53. But she certainly packed quite a lot in. I mean, she never stopped working, even after bouts of illness. She always was able to come back to work on stage and screen. And I think she really liked to play a variety of roles, and wanted to stretch herself as an actress.","Is there an item in the exhibit you would especially like to draw our attention to?","Well, what's been interesting for me is reading her correspondence with the film director Elia Kazan, who directed the film version of \"Streetcar. \"And she'd written a very, very long letter to him, really analyzing each scene and putting her thoughts down on paper. It begins with, \"I am 5-foot-3 and a half tall in my bare feet, without shoes on\" - which is rather sweet."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This statement implies that the actress was able to achieve a lot in her dedication to her craft and her desire to explore different roles in 53 years life.","questions":"Which actress is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Vivien"}
{"text":["I'm bullish on it. It's a big change. We're working through all the challenges. One challenge is for creators. They use Instagram to make a living. Likes are a sign of how relevant they are, so we have to figure out some way to make sure we preserve that.","You're talking about influencers. Right?I mean, there are people who now essentially make a living off of their social media presence. And the way they show potential advertisers - look, I'm a good bet - is how many likes I get.","Absolutely. We've actually had a pretty mixed response from influencers. So I think - I'm optimistic to answer your question very directly. We aren't there yet. We're still iterating on the experience. But I am personally optimistic and really personally invested in making it work.","So the boss is bullish. (Laughter) That's the take so far."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The boss refuses to change their mind on what they think about situation.","questions":"Which word describes the boss's attitude towards the situation?","answer":"Bullish"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Anthony Leiserowitz of the - he's the director of the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication at Yale. How can you follow up with this?Can you keep coming up with new polls so we can follow this?","Oh, absolutely. We'll be doing this at least twice a year and, of course, we have lots of other colleagues around the country that are also surveying on this exact same topics.","And will we know if this does move into the - more into the political discourse as well as the public discourse?","Well, I think we'll see it. I mean, first of all, you can see it in the amount of - number of times that the president talks about this, that candidate Mitt Romney talks about this, as well as across the board. I mean, remember, it's not just the presidential election. There are some Senate races and congressional races all over this country. And what we're seeing is that a lot of people are beginning to ask the question about climate change."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I mean, first of all, you can see it in the amount of - number of times that the president talks about this, that candidate Mitt Romney talks about this, as well as across the board.\" - This turn uses a metaphorical meaning of \"see it\" to refer to observing the frequency of politicians discussing climate change, rather than literally seeing it.","questions":"What is the metaphorical meaning of \"see it\" in turn 3?","answer":"Observing"}
{"text":["You know, thousands of people around the world are facing these situations now. I mean, these people who left lots of countries to go overseas and connect with ISIS or fight for ISIS or marry people involved with these extremist organizations, they're coming back. Do you have advice for your officials in other parts of the country, or perhaps even the world, about how we should start thinking about this as a society?","Well, I think first and foremost that it has to be a focus area, and, A and B, that it has to be very well-funded. We can't think of this as an issue of the day, and then a 24-hour news cycle passes, and it's not the topic that's hot in the media attention at the moment. Every time that we stop or we don't continue to move forward when a catastrophic event occurs, then we're going to be in a situation where asking the same questions - what are we doing?Why aren't we doing more?What should be done?","That's Kevin Lowry. He is the former chief probation officer for the U. S.  District Court in Minnesota. Mr.  Lowry, thank you so very much for talking to us.","You're welcome. And thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The issue of people joining ISIS should be a continuous and well-funded focus, not just a temporary concern when a catastrophic event occurs.","questions":"What should be a continuous and well-funded focus?","answer":"Issue"}
{"text":["And it's most importantly for us, combined with great food, great food and dining experiences. And as more of our culture gets into more of the artsy and fine wine and fine dining experiences, wine is more of a part of that for all cultures.","Do you ever find people saying to you, OK, it's great that you do this, but your world is so on another planet. And what you do is so ridiculously specialized, I can't even talk to you because I don't know what you're talking about?","Definitely find less and less that. I think everybody in our - the mystique of wine and the exclusivity of wine, those barriers have been broken down, to a large degree, and people are less and less afraid to try wine and to have fun with it themselves.","They ask questions about some of the technical aspects of it. We're very fortunate as a family, and the other members of the African-American Association of Vintners are also from various backgrounds, and they get the same kind of questions that we do. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The exclusivity of wine has decreased, and people are more open to trying it.","questions":"How has the perception of wine changed among people?","answer":"Changed"}
{"text":["It's a bit of a fly in the ointment for ethical Sarah Palin. There's - in the last month or so, there's been increasing attention paid to an incident in which her opponent say, she pressured her public safety commissioner to fire her sister's ex-husband. He's a trooper and what they're saying is that she was trying to get him canned. She denies this, but there's a lot of evidence that suggests - that things are a little more complicated than that and the legislature is investigating now.","Now, she's known as a maverick. She's bucked the establishment so in that way, she compares favorably to John McCain. And tell us a bit more about how she compares with him.","Well, she certainly loves his maverick image. She likes the fact that he challenges the party hierarchy as she has done, and so she's been early McCain supporter on that score. She's got more of a social conservative background than he does, and that may very well be why she's on the ticket because she's got more of those bona fides. But at the same time, some people in Alaska point out that in the two years she's in office so far, she hasn't actually made any big moves on the social conservative front. That she's, you know, she calls herself a social conservative, and certainly has those values, but (unintelligible) necessarily done a lot about it.","Social conservative, she's very pro-life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Sarah Palin hasn't taken any significant actions as a social conservative despite claiming to be one","questions":"What has Sarah Palin failed to do despite calling herself a social conservative?","answer":"Act"}
{"text":["Antivirus experts are calling Flame one of the most complex threats ever discovered. Once a machine is infected, the operator of the malware can expand its functionality almost like adding apps to a smartphone. Its operators sent out another app with orders to erase it this week, leaving no tracks behind.","Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?","Well, different from the average run-of-the-mill malware that criminals use?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : \"Well, different from the average run-of-the-mill malware that criminals use?\" - The literal meaning is a question about the differences between Flame and other types of malware. The implied meaning is that Flame is not a typical or ordinary type of malware, and its capabilities and characteristics set it apart from other threats.","questions":"Which malware is being compared to run-of-the-mill malware?","answer":"Flame"}
{"text":["I was one of those kids raised on whole wheat spaghetti and NPR every day in the car, but especially on weekends when we drove the hour from the relatively small town of Hanford, California, where I grew up, to the big city where we shopped at Costco and saw movies that never made it to our town. It was all NPR all the time.","It was 1995 and my family was taking an epic cross-country trip to see America from the windows of a minivan. I was hoping the letters would land us a tour of NPR during the few days we were planning to spend in Washington, D. C.  That little letter writing campaign and the people who responded changed my life. And I don't mean that in some abstract way.","First I heard from Cokie. Whatever you do don't major in communications, she said. And then Scott Simon invited my family into his home where we sat on a peach-colored leather couch and my little brother played with Scott's ancient cat. His advice - consider majoring in philosophy. I did. It was one of the hardest things I've ever done, but it taught me how to break apart arguments, how to ask the right questions. Liane Hansen responded too.","High school senior Tamara Keith. . ."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Although the speaker is talking about a letter writing campaign, the actual meaning is that the campaign opened up an opportunity for the speaker to visit NPR and meet people who had a significant impact on her life.","questions":"What did the letter writing campaign provide for the speaker?","answer":"Opportunity"}
{"text":["We reached out to everyone. And basically, they said, as so many doctors are want to say, we don't think about price when we prescribe. We just want to give, you know. . .","The best thing that's out there.","The best. But I'd have to say in this case there's not even proof that this is the best. In the studies that got this drug approved, this drug was only effective in curing toenail fungus from 6 to about 9 percent of the time after 11 months of treatment. So it's not even a very effective drug.","From your reporting on this, though, why do doctors do this?They say it's not about cost, but is there an ulterior motive - something that makes certain doctors push certain medicines?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Doctors may push certain medications for reasons other than effectiveness","questions":"Which motive?","answer":"Cost"}
{"text":["Not me but we collectively.","We. And then in one place, Philadelphia, I believe, they say yeah mean, which is different.","I thought he played basketball. The Chinese guy, Yao Ming.","Oh, he's - yeah, yeah, yeah.","So it's - I've fallen in love with the phrase. I've fallen in love with the culture, with the people. And just trying to, you know, spread laughter and learn at the same time."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A: \"Spread laughter and learn at the same time\" is an idiomatic expression that means \"to entertain and educate at the same time.\" The literal meaning of \"spread laughter\" would be to physically spread laughter, which is not possible, and the literal meaning of \"learn at the same time\" would be to learn simultaneously with the act of spreading laughter, which may not be practical.","questions":"What is the idiomatic meaning of \"spread laughter and learn at the same time\"?","answer":"Educate"}
{"text":["The other thing that we're doing is making a mouse that has Beatrice's exact genetic variant so that we may be able to recapitulate what Beatrice has so - you know, with the muscles and that sort of thing - and then study that mouse in great detail. And also. . .","You're - I mean, you're making an actual, physical, fur-covered mouse?","Yeah. In fact, I just saw a picture of four of the pups today. They carry Bea's identical variation. Mice live to be 2, and so if they develop heart problems or vascular problems or other problems, we'll be able to know that - if we're not able to find other Beatrices.","A lot of people, I gather, are very happy for you and certainly, for Beatrice, but is this necessarily a good example for other families that have a sick child?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The listener is surprised that the speaker is creating an actual, physical mouse with Beatrice's genetic variant for research purposes.","questions":"Which genetic variant is the speaker creating a mouse with?","answer":"Genetic"}
{"text":["So actually - so there have been many deaths from throwing events in track and field, but the javelin does not take up quite as many of those as the shot and disc do. Yeah, there are some pretty gruesome scenes when talking about the javelin injuries. And obviously, you know, getting impaled by a spear is not that good (laughter). But it's far less common than you might think.","So you're writing this paper which you hope will lead to getting the javelin reinstated as a sport. How do you think that'll work?What's going to be in your paper?","Well, there's a lot of things. You know, I think the biggest concerns that coaches have with implementing the event have to do with the injuries due to the javelin hitting somebody. You know, so I'll have to address that and the actual statistics behind it.","But really it's going to be more of a guide on how to implement the javelin and why it's better that it's included as an event in high school track here than not because, you know, I feel like it's just a great opportunity that everybody should have because I was lucky enough to find it through club track. And, you know, my life would be a lot different if I hadn't."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"my life would be a lot different if I hadn't\" - The literal meaning suggests that the speaker's life would have changed if they hadn't found the javelin through club track. The implied meaning is that finding the javelin through club track has had a significant positive impact on the speaker's life, and they are grateful for the opportunities it has provided.","questions":"Which event in track and field does not take up quite as many deaths from throwing events as the shot and disc?","answer":"Javelin"}
{"text":["Aw. We mentioned that you worked for President George W.  Bush, who advised John McCain. In your circle of friends, people there at the Hoover Institution - without violating any any confidences - your friends and colleagues - is your opinion widely held or are people who ordinarily would support the Republican candidate talking about voting for Hillary Clinton?","I think this is a real time of crisis for Republicans. It's hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Donald Trump. And it's very hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Hillary Clinton. In fact, I would have indulged the luxury of writing in one of my terrific nephews for president if I hadn't seen that the polls during the British referendum were off by 12 points. And my concern that (inaudible) be accurate, and everybody's vote's actually going to count this election.","Kori Schake is a research fellow at the Hoover Institution. She joined us by Skype. Thanks very much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People are uncertain about their vote in this election, and are hesitant to support either the Republican or Democratic candidate.","questions":"Which candidate are people hesitant to support in the election?","answer":"Republican"}
{"text":["Oh boy, so much has changed. The club scenes, radio, the entire industry as a whole has changed dramatically. Even back then - I mean, I'm not really in clubs right now, but back then, the music that they were playing was different. The accessibility through music and the clubs, and then transitioning into radio was different.","Because that's really how \"Hey Mister DJ\" became such a big hit. A couple of DJs in the clubs loved it, started playing it, and then the next thing you know it was on the radio. And I remember because the label at that time was not really interested in promoting the song. So that's really how it got to mainstream radio, and it just would build and build from there. So it's changed so much now. Regulations and everything has changed. So it's just not as easy to kind of get in those doors.","Now, what made you decide you wanted to go record again?","You know, well, during that time, that seven year hiatus that I took, another life change that I had was really just kind of recommitting my life to God, and my husband and I both grew up in church. And you know, you kind of do your thing when you go to college, and you got your freedom, you do whatever you want to do, which is also a growing period."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The music industry has changed dramatically over time, including accessibility through music, the transition to radio and regulations.","questions":"How has the music industry changed?","answer":"Dramatically"}
{"text":["We are ecstatic about all the attention we're getting. I mean, we're actually accustomed of making I guess the decision of nominating the first, you know, woman candidate for president or African-American candidate for president, and - or even on the Republican side, nominating that person; who is going to get the nomination for the Republican side. That's all I bring here first. And so we're just really elated to have all that kind of attention and really basking in their joy, you know, right now.","Tell us about what political party you like and what's important to you?","I'm non-partisan. I'm an independent voter. I'm a conservative businessman, I mean, I own my own business. And my leanings are towards whatever politician's going to address a lot of my issues, which is, you know, health care, education, especially I have three teenagers and those type of issues. But again, I'm just so happy to be able to be choosing between a woman and an African-American and a white guy\u2026","\u2026for president."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : e turn in (3) implies that the speaker does not have a strong allegiance to any particular political party and is more concerned with the issues that affect them personally.","questions":"How would you describe the PersonA's political affiliation?","answer":"Non-partisan"}
{"text":["Media looks very bad on this. It looks credulous for Justice Department sources. Hatfill had filed suit against the government and, you know, sought to get the names of sources from journalists, taking them to court to do so, and to try to prove that the Justice Department had intentionally leaked this, as they sought to, you know, circle in on him and to capture him for these attacks.","Now, this year, there was a settlement, a legal settlement, for Steven Hatfill from the government.","That's right. Just a few months ago, the government essentially paid out a package - depending on how you value it - but about 5. 85 million dollars to compensate him for lost revenue over the course of his career. He lost a job at Louisiana State University, as a result of this, that he had been offered. Interestingly, the government did not exonerate him directly. Although the entire settlement tended to do that, but it not explicitly exonerate him, and nor did it apologize to him for this. CHADWICK: I don't imagine that we in the media are going to be apologizing to him either. NPR's David Folkenflik, thank you.","You bet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Media looks very bad on this.\" - The literal meaning is that the media appears to be performing poorly in reporting the news related to the Steven Hatfill case.","questions":"What did Hatfill file against the government and sought to get the names of sources from journalists?","answer":"Lawsuit"}
{"text":["They're placing a lot of their hopes on the Chevy Volt, the electric car that's due out at the end of 2010. What do you think about that, and do you think that that's enough to help the company?","In reading through the General Motors restructuring plan, they talk about it as if it's the next Ford Model T.  I think the language that they use is a fundamental reinvention of the American automobile industry. And, you know, I hope it is, but you have to be skeptical about anything coming out that will fundamentally reinvent the industry, at least at this stage. It's too mature an industry right now.","Is there anything that GM can say when they go before Congress tomorrow and Friday?Is there anything that they should do, do you think, that could save it?","Their objective in going to Congress is not to save the industry. Their objective in going to Congress is to get money from Congress. And if you read through these documents, they are - especially the General Motors document, it is full of really shameless Americanizing, patriotic propaganda. It's geared to getting the money, and that's their objective. And I believe they will come away from Washington with money."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : GM is only trying to get money from Congress, not save the industry. (line 4)","questions":"Which objective does GM have in going to Congress?","answer":"Money"}
{"text":["Governor Mike Pence endorsed Ted Cruz yesterday in Indianapolis, although he also had kind words for Donald Trump. Mr.  Trump has also been endorsed by perhaps the best-known Hoosier on the planet. Forgive me Cole Porter. We mean Bobby Knight, the legendary Indiana University basketball coach. Coach Knight is celebrated for winning national championships, running an honest program and holding his players to high academic standards. He's also famous for having a titanic, chair-hurling temper. He is not known for political endorsements or being involved in campaigns.","I think that I'm like millions of Americans today that would like to see some things done that take us back to where we want to be, where we can really be proud of America, we have leadership that enables us to do that. I think I'm just one of millions of people. I'm not out there by myself. I just want to see us be the very best that we can possibly be and be thought of worldwide by the very best there is.","What did you hear Donald Trump say that convinced you you wanted to help him?","Well, Donald Trump didn't say anything that convinced me 'cause I went through people and people that were involved and least - involved themselves in the election. I made a little chart. I put together the things that he's done in life. And Donald Trump has created more jobs than all of the other candidates and politicians in the country. That's huge. That's important. That was a big thing for me to put down on my checklist."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker believes that America is currently not living up to its potential and wants a leader who can bring the country back to a place of pride and respect on the world stage.","questions":"Which characteristic of Donald Trump was important for the speaker to put down on their checklist?","answer":"Jobs"}
{"text":["Why would Hezbollah have anyone in Latin America except on vacation?","Well, historically there have been and are very large Lebanese expatriate communities in South America and Africa and, more recently now, in North America. And of course the vast, vast majority of those communities are perfectly law-abiding and wonderful people. But within those communities, over the course of the Lebanese civil war, you had some people who were providing support back home to one or another side of the civil war. And in the wake of the civil war, that continued. And as Hezbollah became the primary powerhouse on the Shia political, social and military side of the equation, support for the group continued to flow from the Shia Lebanese expatriates, some of whom were only supporting the group because it supported the Shia community back home and others because they supported the group's opposition to Israel, opposition to the West and sometimes even its axe militancy at home and abroad.","And what do the drug cartels get out of this arrangement?","They get their product moved. They get the proceeds of their transactions laundered. And those are the two things, along with production in the first instance, without which they don't function. And they really don't care who they do business with. They don't care if you call yourself Hezbollah or something else. Most of the people that do this for them are not terrorists. As long as you can move product and launder product, they don't really care about the rest of it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Why would Hezbollah have anyone in Latin America except on vacation? Implicated meaning: The speaker is questioning why Hezbollah would have a presence in Latin America, suggesting that their presence is likely for reasons other than vacation. The speaker implies that there might be ulterior motives or activities that Hezbollah is engaged in within Latin America.","questions":"Which community provided support to Hezbollah during the Lebanese civil war?","answer":"Lebanese"}
{"text":["I've played around with a few of them, and they've been on the toy end of the spectrum. But, you know, it's one of the things where, you know, if you're interested in photography and videography or if you just like, you know, remote control cars or remote control planes, that's really the draw for the consumer at this point. I don't think it's, you know, I don't - I wouldn't say it's, like, a mainstream thing. I'd say this is a big year for it. But, you know, moving forward, it's sort of up in the air as to what the potential use cases are for a consumer.","You said moving forward, didn't you?","I sure did.","I'm sorry for droning on and on about this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I'm sorry for droning on and on about this\" - This phrase means that the speaker is apologizing for talking too much about a certain topic, but \"droning on\" is a figurative expression that compares the speaker's talking to the sound of a drone or a monotonous buzzing noise.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about their talking?","answer":"Apologizing"}
{"text":["And so - like, for instance, sly, when a person is sly like a fox. There's a Scottish word called slicket(ph), which I love, you know. It's sleek, oily. Slicket - I couldn't vote for him. He's got slicket eyes.","That's nice.","You know, and so I refuse to change it. But I'd rather explain it to you than change it, you know. And Scotland has such lovely words, too, like a turkey, for instance, it's a bubbly jock.","Bubbly jock?I've not heard that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The reason why he couldn't vote for him couldn't be because he got a slicket eyes","questions":"Which Scottish word did PersonA use to describe a person with oily and sleek eyes?","answer":"Slicket"}
{"text":["Still, you'll remember that more than two dozen Russians have already been indicted this year for conspiring to interfere in the 2016 elections. And the message this week is that they are at it again, or maybe they never stopped.","We should remind ourselves - this is so serious. This has to do with the ability of citizens to cast vote, which is the lowest and most important lever of democracy. What's the reaction been like so far in the Capitol?","You know, President Trump has kind of brushed off these new charges. He says there's nothing here to do with his campaign. And he says if there are hackers out there, they probably liked his opponent in 2016, Hillary Clinton, better than him. He was also critical, yesterday, of former President Obama, Trump said, for not doing more in 2016 to deter these attacks back then. Of course, the Obama administration tried to issue a warning, but they say that idea was shot down by Republican Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell at the time.","As for other reactions from the Capitol, Senator Mark Warner, Democrat - the senior Democrat on the Senate Intelligence Committee - says it's time for Congress to get involved here. He says that social media companies need to commit to work with lawmakers to update laws and better protect against this kind of foreign election interference."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Russians have interfered in the elections and are doing it again.","questions":"How many Russians have been indicted for conspiring to interfere in the elections?","answer":"Twodozen"}
{"text":["But there are an unestimated huge number of them that are already in circulation and, one would presume, if they were to be outlawed, an underground market. I mean, does the bump stock just go far enough?","Well, I don't know. I mean, look, I think most Americans do support an individual's right to own a firearm. I certainly do. Now, the issue then becomes, you know - I don't think it's practical to suggest that we could have some kind of gun confiscation movement in this country. There are just probably hundreds of millions of firearms that are owned privately.","I wasn't suggesting that. But I mean, what about limiting the number of weapons or rounds that can be contained in a magazine, which used to be the law.","Well, that's a debate we will likely have. Some states have moved in that direction. But I would suggest that the other issue that many of us are talking about, too, is continuing to enhance background checks for the purchase of private sales of firearms. That is an issue that many of us are advancing. Pat Toomey and Joe Manchin advocated for legislation a few years. I had strongly supported it. Now, I don't want to suggest that, you know, enhancing background checks in any way would have stopped what happened in Las Vegas. From what I've learned so far, I mean. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Is it possible to limit the number of weapons or rounds that can be contained in a magazine, which used to be the law?","questions":"Which law used to limit the number of weapons or rounds that can be contained in a magazine?","answer":"Magazine"}
{"text":["Well, she took a very strong stance and decided to convoke a disciplinary meeting at the headquarters of the National Front to reprimand officially and potentially exclude her father from the party he himself created 40 years ago.","She put out a statement that said, quote, \"her father seems to have entered a veritable spiral between a scorched-earth strategy and a political suicide. \"That's. . .","Yeah.",". . . Not making peace there, certainly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  B: \"her father seems to have entered a veritable spiral between a scorched-earth strategy and a political suicide.\" The statement uses a metaphorical description of the father's behavior, comparing it to a downward spiral.","questions":"Which metaphor does the statement use to describe the father's behavior?","answer":"Spiral"}
{"text":["I think we overstate this, right?I really do. I think we overstate the threat that primaries pose, No. 1, to members. No. 2, what I would suggest is, OK, so what?That's your job. It's comes with the territory, right?And last time I checked, the Constitution wasn't written so that members could win re-election without threat, right?That's not the point.","The whole point - the whole basis of our regime of democratic accountability is so that members are held accountable for the decisions they make in office, not to push those decisions off elsewhere so that they can just keep winning. The only place where our views and our concerns are adjudicated in this wonderful nation of ours is in Congress. It's the only place. And if Congress isn't doing that, then Congress isn't doing its job.","So you seem less concerned that the president is overreaching than that the Congress is sitting on its hands.","I think that is the much bigger concern. The president most certainly it appears to be overreaching, right?I mean, this law has been passed presumably not to do end runs around Congress when the president can't get what he or she wants. So if you want funding, it seems to me, the best way to get it is to actually bargain and haggle and try to - and refuse to sign bills that don't give you that funding."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The threat that primaries pose to members is not overstated","questions":"What is the point of the regime of democratic accountability according to A?","answer":"decisions"}
{"text":["No, no. It definitely can't. And the argument that you sort use is it's just growing too fast, and we're seeing it as it was six billion years ago almost. So if they grew that fast for six billion years, it would be just far too big.","Oh.","So it probably only lasts for a measly 100 million years or so.","Where do you go from here with this work?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) \"it's just growing too fast\" - This phrase is not referring to the physical speed of growth but rather the rate of growth over time.","questions":"What is the argument about the speed of growth in turn 0 referring to?","answer":"speed"}
{"text":["So, I'm a little concern about that, especially with the amount of technology connections that they have made through this campaign, and the amount of donors that they've received through online mechanisms. So it's going to be interesting to see how this plays out. But, clearly somebody is going to want that data Farai. There's no way out that the Democratic. . .","Don't let Sascha get a hold of the mass email list. And you know, start asking for Christmas presents or something.","Let me tell you, somebody in the Democratic Party. . .","I'm glad you clarified that. Somebody in the Democratic Party is definitely saying, hmm, that's a gold mine of data sitting right there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A gold mine implies that the amount is a lot and it has value to the people that want it","questions":"Which term describes the data that somebody in the Democratic Party wants?","answer":"Gold"}
{"text":["I'll say.","Dissection, anger, back and forth, denunciation by both major party presidential campaigns. Do you think that this cover crossed the line of propriety?","Of propriety?Perhaps. But what it - I think it did so for an urgent and good cause, which is to blow this stupid calumny about Obama away, once and for all. It travels as the subtext through all this polite conversation. I just saw some NBC report that was quoting a Newsweek poll saying 50 percent of Americans believe that Obama is or was a Muslim, or was signed - sworn in on the Koran to the Senate seat, and so on. It's madness. And I - it seems to me that showing the fevered image directly will be a possible way of looking at and dissipating that image.","I think as a result it's a fairly brave thing to do, in which the New Yorker's fulfilling its function at its best, which is to make people think and talk. And the New Yorker helped that discussion happen. And it's one of the times where I feel, hats off, New Yorker!They got it right, you know. This is not something that goes away by saying, but it's not seemly to discuss this.","But there are some people who are always going to read this un-ironically and say, well, yeah, he is a Muslim despite, you know."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Some people will misinterpret the New Yorker's cover story as confirming false rumors about Obama's religion.","questions":"Which rumor about Obama's religion may some people falsely believe the New Yorker's cover story confirms?","answer":"False"}
{"text":["Are you - at the same time, though, you're in Moscow. Are you, a very smart man, naive to think that Vladimir Putin is going to give you asylum without expecting something in return?","All throughout the Cold War in the United States, we protected dissidents from the Soviet government. These are, you know, writers. These are speakers. These are physicists. These are not people who can benefit the United States government even if they had wanted to. And we protected them nonetheless because of the message it sent.","Now, the Russian government doesn't get many chances in this context internationally, on the global stage, to do the right thing. I have been criticizing the Russian government while I am here. What more can I do to satisfy you or any of these critics who hold these positions?The reality is there is nothing that will satisfy them because it is their suspicion, it is their skepticism, it is their distrust of the Russian government as an institution which is motivating this.","I mean, do I have to detail for you the ways in which the Putin government has earned (laughter) some suspicion?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Russian goverment doesn't get many chances to do the right thing where people all over the world will see and know about it.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the opportunities for the Russian government on the global stage?","answer":"Internationally"}
{"text":["The economy is humming, but we may be hearing some sputtering as well. The stock market fell 3% this past Wednesday but later made back some of those losses. While in the bond market, a key marker of a coming recession has been playing out. Now the payoff for long-term government debt fell below the yield on short-term debt. So what are we looking for when the bell rings tomorrow?Catherine Rampell writes about economics for The Washington Post, and she joins me now. Welcome.","Good to be here.","So first off, I just want a gut check from you - Wall Street ups and downs, that warning flare in the bond market, but we're also seeing strong consumer spending at the same time. What is your take on these mixed indicators?","I think the story thus far has been there are warning signs out there. Consumers have been the strong point. Up until this week, however, there was a consumer sentiment number that it was at its lowest notching since, I want to say, six or seven months. So that does suggest that consumers may be wavering a little bit. I think the bigger picture, though, is the global risks essentially. So right now, we have something, like, nine major economies around the world either currently in recession or on the verge of recession, and you could imagine that there would be contagion effects."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The economy is not humming but is working as it should.","questions":"How is the economy functioning?","answer":"humming"}
{"text":["The happiness course has been running for a couple of weeks. Any immediate reaction?","Teachers are telling me that they themselves are finding lot of calmness, lot of improvement in their behavior because they also sit into mindfulness with their students. So that's bringing a change in the teacher's approach also.","You've been sitting in on a lot of these classes. Are you happier?","Yeah, I'm feeling happier because if my kids are happier, my teachers are happier, then an education minister himself is happier."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mindfulness practices in class help teachers improve behavior","questions":"How are teachers benefiting from mindfulness practices in class?","answer":"Benefit."}
{"text":["But you came over so young.","Yeah. I came over when I was really young. So obviously, you know, growing up in the British environment, I've absorbed a lot of their culture. You know, because it's just a natural thing. You kind of - you hang out with, you know, the local, you know, people from the U. K.  or whatever. So naturally you're going to pick up a lot of their habits and their ways, but you know, first and foremost, I always see myself as, you know, African.","And I know - well my parents never let me forget that anyway, you know, because we do - we had all the kind of culture, and just general kind of grounding, you know, installed in us at a very young age. So I've always kind of carried that with me anyway as I've progressed in life. But I always look at it as, you know, an advantage really, because I've had the privilege of experiencing, you know, my African culture in life, and, you know, I've had the opportunity of experiencing being British, and, you know, growing up in the U. K.  And now I'm, you know, experiencing kind of some of the flavors of the U. S. So I always look at it like, you know, it's a positive thing.","All right, Hilary, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Being exposed to different cultures is an advantage.","questions":"How does PersonA view experiencing different cultures?","answer":"Positively."}
{"text":["The Trump administration - or at least the president - have indicated previously they don't share this conclusion. Saudi Embassy says the claims and the purported assessment are false. Now, let's note - President Trump has often criticized the U. S.  intelligence establishment, saying they're not right on Russia. Oh, yeah. They were the ones who said Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.","We have to ask, is there any indication in this CIA report, which has sources inside, that this is some kind of attempt by what the president's supporters call the deep state to bring him into line?","No, I don't think so. I mean, the CIA - you know, for all of the ways that the president somehow misunderstands how they operate - is looking at this situation objectively. And, yes, to some degree, they are factoring in subjective judgments about how people behave, like the crown prince. But this is not an attempt, I think, to, you know, bring the crown prince to heel or to somehow influence policy.","And we should note, too, the president, I mean, has been briefed on the CIA's findings. And what we understand is that he keeps resisting them because he doesn't have, I guess, the smoking gun. He keeps asking, well, where's the body?Or, show me the definitive proof that Mohammed bin Salman ordered this. And, you know, it doesn't always work that way."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This statement implies that President Trump is skeptical of the CIA's findings and is seeking irrefutable evidence before taking action.","questions":"What is the President's response to the CIPersonA's findings?","answer":"skeptical"}
{"text":["You actually provided some recommendations. Give me an example of one or two of them.","Well, one of the important things is that the stops go well. That the police are professional, that they're there and it's clear that they are trying to serve the public. Mistakes will happen, they'll pick the wrong person up, someone will happen to fit a crime suspect description, but the way the police conduct themselves needs to be extremely professional. Very polite. And one of the recommendations I made was that they hand the person a receipt when they make a mistake that says I've made a mistake, here's my name, here's the name of my supervisor, here's his phone number, give him a call. Here's how you file a complaint, this is why I stopped you. You're wearing a white T-shirt, black jeans, that's the same description that I just received over the radio. And that can go a long way to improving things.","Give me one more.","Well, the other thing was that they need to find out who these 15 officers are and take some action to resolve those issues."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Police should conduct themselves in a professional and polite manner to improve public perception and relations","questions":"Which aspect of police behavior should be professional and polite to improve public perception and relations?","answer":"Conduct"}
{"text":[". . . it climbs up the string you put out for it.","Yeah, yeah, yeah. So they - just for a little anatomy, a little review of that. The cucumber has the plant part, but then it also has these climbing appendages. And when it's growing, it sorts of swings them around, grabs on to a support. And when it does that, something changes in that tendril, and it starts to curl. And that is exactly what physicist Sharon Gerbode in Harvey Mudd College and biologist Joshua Puzey at Harvard and some colleagues looked at and published this week in the journal, Science.","Why does that cucumber tendril curl?And, you know, you might be thinking, well, whatever. But Charles Darwin was interested in this question, you know.","Yeah, yeah. It's an old question. You know, if you grow stuff, you know that the stuff, you know, goes out and curls around things."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The topic of discussion is about how a cucumber tends to curl and not about anatomy review.","questions":"Which topic is being discussed instead of anatomy review in the dialogue?","answer":"Curl"}
{"text":["Yes. (Laughter). I suppose you're right. I mean, that may follow. But I. . .","(Laughter).",". . . Wanted to explore a masculine archetype. And that's what Daddy is. He is larger than life. He's almost too big to exist. He's straight out of mythology. He's very strong and reassuring, and he sticks by his children, et cetera. But he's also - you know, he's got this troubled streak. This sort of - this violence in him. He's entirely defined by his body, his physicality, his strength. And Cathy arrived, saying, actually, what happens when these ideals are instilled in someone who doesn't inhabit the right physicality?Or she's somebody who has a very similar temperament to her father, but she doesn't have his strength. And she's a girl. And how does she stitch together those dual identities?","Yeah. There is - not to give too much away, but there's an act of violence in the book in which a woman takes a man's life. She sees it as her only way to survive. And I have to ask if recent events and recent debates and soul searching we've had in both our countries makes the scene even more telling."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the literal meaning is that the other person laughs in response to something that was said.","questions":"What was PersonB's reaction to PersonA's statement in turn 0?","answer":"Laughter"}
{"text":["There's a group of Americans who've been dubbed the Young Invincibles. They're not, of course. But they are young, healthy and people the administration needs to buy health coverage under the Affordable Care Act. The new health insurance exchanges opened October 1st and officials want at least 2. 7 million of the seven million estimated new enrollees to fall inside that 18 to 35 age range to keep insurance rates low.","The president and Hollywood stars have made special appeals to this group, nicely reminding them that those who choose not to enroll have to pay a fine. In 2011, over 18 million of these young adults were not insured for health care.","We spoke with Lisa Dubay, a fellow at the Urban Institute, about why many have not had coverage.","Only about 11 percent of the uninsured Young Invincibles aren't purchasing coverage because they think they don't need it. Most of them are saying they're not purchasing coverage because it's unaffordable. So I'm not convinced that they're not going to enroll. I think they probably will enroll. If the rates are good and they look like they're going to be low with the subsidies, I think that we will get Young Invisibles to come in. And they have a lot of options."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) B: There's a group of Americans who've been dubbed the Young Invincibles. They're not, of course. But they are young, healthy and people the administration needs to buy health coverage under the Affordable Care Act.  The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is introducing a group of Americans who are referred to as the Young Invincibles, and clarifying that they are not actually invincible. However, the implied meaning could be that the speaker is trying to downplay the idea that young people are invincible and don't need health insurance, in order to encourage them to enroll in the Affordable Care Act. The speaker may also be using irony to draw attention to the fact that even though these young people are not invincible, they may feel that way and be hesitant to enroll in health insurance.","questions":"How does the speaker refer to the group of young Americans in the dialogue?","answer":"Young"}
{"text":["So the parents as well as one coach have agreed to plead guilty in connection with this scheme. And according to one of the plea agreements at least, they may serve a few months in jail as well as paying fines and restitution. And Felicity Huffman, the actress, as you heard, is one of the more high-profile people accused. But others, including Lori Loughlin, another actress from the TV show \"Full House,\" is among those originally accused who is continuing to fight the charges.","What are we hearing from the parents?","Well, two of those who plead - pled guilty today issued very contrite statements. Huffman's statement reportedly said, I am in full acceptance of my guilt - deep regret and shame. And she also reiterated that her daughter had no idea.","This story has gotten so much attention, and it seems to have really resonated with students and parents. Why do you think it has had such a big impact?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Big drug companies are not interested in developing therapies for addiction because they don't see drug addicts as a profitable investment.","questions":"Which company is not interested in developing addiction therapies?","answer":"Drug"}
{"text":["And tell us a bit about the ocean bed.","It's a bit rockier than the Rockies. It's that sort of terrain. The location they're looking at is at the foot of a huge mountain. That mountain rises about three and a half kilometers. That's about two miles up from the sea floor. So it's on a really quite steep terrain. We don't know whether the seabed there is muddy, silty - in which case things can sink into the seabed - or whether it's rocky. We've got better maps of the moon's surface for this area than we do of the seabed itself. So, you know, if someone said to you, this is on the moon, we could tell you what the terrain was like. We don't really know what it's like here. We don't have detailed maps.","I have a lot of respect for the Royal Australian Navy, but has anybody ever been able to pick up something this deep in the ocean before?","The technology is there, but it's rare. And there isn't - there aren't that many vehicles that can operate at these sorts of depths."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  A: \"The technology is there, but it's rare.\" This sentence has a non-literal meaning because the word \"rare\" does not refer to the technology being scarce, but rather to the fact that it is uncommon for vehicles to operate at the depths of the ocean where the object in question is located.","questions":"Which word in PersonA's statement has a non-literal meaning?","answer":"Rare"}
{"text":["Exactly, keep looking up, and I can't believe I still pinch myself every time that I get to say those words afterwards. But this is the fellow that would appear on your PBS station, usually late at night, at weird hours, for a minute or five minutes telling you what's up in the sky. He'd sit on the rings of Saturn and point out at Jupiter, and he'd have this very interesting voice. It was great.","And so he passed away a few years ago, and the station has decided to continue the program. We've done a little bit of touching-up to it, but it's called \"Star Gazers,\" and so you might catch us on weird hours on your PBS station, and they're always online at our website, stargazersonline. org, and you can watch any of the shows there, and we'll tell you what's up in the sky and say keep looking up. That's what we always say.","That's it. It's a great show. I've been watching it for years. I used to know Jack for a while, so. . .","Oh, I know, what a great guy. I mean, this is a populizer of astronomy, and I just hope that I can fill his shoes a little bit and get people excited about the stars."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"we've done a little bit of touching-up to it\" implies that some minor adjustments have been made to the show, but not that it has been significantly altered.","questions":"How has the program been modified?","answer":"Touching-up"}
{"text":["You note when Turkey failed to prosecute this man and then your office did prosecute this man that you became a kind of social media hero in Turkey. You got a huge following. Apparently. . .","Yeah. Completely undeserved. As I said, other people had done the work. But I became a symbol. And I say, look, the prosecutors are not saviors. They can't solve everything. It takes an involvement from a lot of other people. It just happens to be the case that it's very easy to put, you know, their hopes and hatreds both, sometimes, in the figure of a prosecutor.","Are people putting too much faith in Robert Mueller?","People should have a lot of faith in Robert Mueller. I have a ton of faith in Robert Mueller. I think, you know, he is not a deity and he should not be put on a pedestal, but there's no one I can think of in the country who could have done this job as honorably as he's doing. And even he has been attacked and dragged through the mud and false accusations made about him. What I'm saying is he's just a lawman acting by the book trying to do what he thinks is correct with a band of really, really smart, I think, honorable people around him."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Mueller should be respected and trusted, even though he has been wrongfully attacked and criticized.","questions":"What should be done to Robert Mueller despite the attacks and criticisms he received?","answer":"Trust"}
{"text":["President Donald Trump had his long-awaited face-to-face with Russian President Vladimir Putin at last week's G-20 summit. Just how the issue of Russian meddling in the November election was addressed is subject to interpretation. And in this country, Congress comes back from recess with health care legislation still looming. So much politics to talk about, so little time - so let's turn to NPR's national political correspondent Mara Liasson. Good morning, Mara.","Good morning, A.","All right. So before we get to Putin-Trump, let's look at the G-20 meeting and what all the countries got out of it.","Well, the big theme of this meeting was how isolated and separate the United States is from the rest of the G-20, the rest of the big economies. It's like there's a G-19, and then there's the U. S. , particularly on climate, trade and immigration. The biggest difference at this meeting was climate. The other 19 leaders agreed that continuing to enact the Paris Agreement on climate change was important. They called the agreement irreversible. Of course, Donald Trump has pulled the U. S.  out of that agreement. So the Europeans and others are going to move forward without the U. S."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : All right. So before we get to Putin-Trump, let's look at the G-20 meeting and what all the countries got out of it.\" - This implies that the discussion will cover the outcomes and benefits that each country obtained from the G-20 meeting, rather than simply stating that they will discuss the meeting.","questions":"How did the discussion frame the G-20 meeting?","answer":"Outcomes"}
{"text":["But when we compared Cain against other Republican candidates and looked just at people who were supporting Republican candidate, the racial attitudes predicted, strongly predicted preference for the white candidates.","But the test itself isn't a measure of racism.","It is definitely not a measure of racism. We are very clear to emphasize that this measure something that is perhaps unconscious, in any case most people are unaware of it, and it is possessed by a large of the American population, people who do not at all think of themselves as racist. And we don't think they're lying to us when they say they have egalitarian racial beliefs.","Why is it that they're out of touch with their subconscious?This is too big a question to ask, it may take years to answer for any, you know, any person. But do you have any guesses on that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) Implied meaning is that the test isn't necessarily indicative of racism, even if it appears to measure it.","questions":"How did the measure mentioned in turn 2 affect people's self-perception?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["I think that's true.","Yeah. I mean, what do you see in your practice, in your work?Since you are counseling people, do you see people who have kind of, like, these cross addictions that intersect with the technology?","Yeah. We have an outpatient program called No More Secrets, which is for sex addicts, and these sex addicts all are using the Internet to play out their addiction. And there are many people who are really joining their ranks just because of the availability now of pornography through, you know, their online connection.","So, I think it's - I think more people are getting hooked on activities that they might avoid if it was not so accessible. And gambling certainly is part of it, the chatting, video gaming, pornography, all of these things that are - online shopping would be another one. These things are made so easy by the availability, accessibility, anonymity of the experience, that I think more and more people are drawn in, and people who might not be drawn in to overindulging, if it were not for the Internet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The availability of technology is causing more people to become addicted to activities they might avoid.","questions":"Which program is for sex addicts?","answer":"NoMoreSecrets"}
{"text":["And yes, impeachable.","You say, if it's true, what powers does the House have to try to corroborate this claim?","It does have to be corroborated. We can't impeach a president based on, you know, unnamed people speaking to the press, as credible and numerous as these reports may be. So you know, there is an investigation underway already by three House committees into what President Trump may have done with Ukraine. That is going to absolutely heat up in the next couple of weeks. So all I can say is, stay tuned. Fasten your seatbelts. The stakes here are extremely high.","Let me ask you, congressman. There are a number of Democrats and voters who are saying, you know, where is the party's spine in all of this?This is a president who has been, they say, running roughshod over your legislative authority with total impunity. What do you say to that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"stay tuned\" impllies to pay attention. \"fasten your seatbelts\" implies to get ready. ","questions":"What does \"fasten your seatbelts\" imply?","answer":"ready"}
{"text":["Exactly. He's betting on this, and he's No. 1 in the polls.","I gather you were a protester in 2011. Do you believe these democratic elections are going to come closer to realizing the dreams that brought you into the protest movement?","I'm not thinking that these elections in 2019 will change anything major. But on the grand scheme of things, we're showing to the people in the Arab world that they can be free. We are writing this beautiful story of an Arab Muslim country that is able to sustain its democracy, that has a president that died. And after 48 days from his passing, we're having the elections being prepared, as the constitution mentioned. We didn't see a single boot (ph) in the street, no gunshots - nothing - no coups.","And we need the U. S.  and other allies to just realize that whatever we're doing here is a blueprint for the region as well."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They might bring the person closer to what they hoped for in their life.","questions":"Which person might be brought closer to what they hoped for in their life?","answer":"Person"}
{"text":["So, the one thing about balloons is they tend to move sort of west to east. So once we put balloons up there, they will float in a ring around the world, and they're - some of the balloons are right now on their way to Chile and Argentina. The goal of the project, once we roll it out further, is to have a continuous ring around the world at 40 degrees south latitude, and anyone under those - the path of the balloons would be able to use the trial service.","So it's like if I go up in a hot air balloon, I sort of - I go where the air current go. Is that the same thing here?","And that's one of the cool things about the project. We can steer the balloons by increasing or decreasing the altitude of the balloon and finding a wind that's going the direction we want. So if we see we want to go a little bit further north, we perhaps drop down a half a kilometer, find a wind going that direction and then stop at that altitude, and that's the way we steer the balloons.","And how long can they stay up?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The balloons location around the planet forms a circle.","questions":"What is the latitude of the continuous ring around the world that the balloons will form?","answer":"40"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me.","What new details did we learn with this filing?","So the new filing focuses on five extramarital affairs that Duncan Hunter had when he was in Congress, the first one starting just four months after he was elected and took office in April 2009. So he took office in January.","The longest feature in the filing is about an individual identified as Individual 14, who was a lobbyist. And they spent campaign money on things like a ski trip together, a thousand-dollar hotel tab. They went to concerts together. And they also went on a double date with another congressperson to Virginia Beach, but that congressperson has not been identified."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Duncan Hunter spent campaign money on personal expenses","questions":"How did Duncan Hunter misuse campaign funds?","answer":"Personal"}
{"text":["Well, tomorrow, it's going to be a lot of pomp and circumstance. There'll be a wreath-laying at Westminster Abbey. There'll be a state dinner in the evening with the Queen at Buckingham Palace tomorrow, a meeting with Prime Minister May. Of course, she's a lame duck, so we're not expecting a lot there on the policy front. The big thing tomorrow is going to be street protests.","And what are we expecting there?","Huge numbers. There are going to be buses coming in from around England. The streets are going to be jammed. Londoners, of course, very progressive - this is a cosmopolitan city. And they tend to really dislike this president. His anti-immigration policies, his things that he said about women - it just really rubs Londoners the wrong way.","We'll be seeing a lot of things that - a lot of signs, clever signs, which is what British protesters are known for. And we'll also see Tuesday morning the Trump baby blimp make a reappearance. This is the blimp of Trump in a diaper and crying and looking - he's in the form of a baby. Very popular, and I'm sure we'll see lots of people out there when that goes aloft in Parliament Square."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : lame duck implies the person is a failure or couldn't achieve success ","questions":"How is Prime Minister May perceived by the speaker?","answer":"Lameduck"}
{"text":["What's a fuel hedge?Explain that.","A fuel hedge is basically a financial contract that you buy in the commodity market where you essentially pre-buying fuel. So Southwest CEO, Gary Kelly, back in 2003, as the U. S.  was preparing to go to war in Iraq, just decided that the war in the Middle East wasn't probably good for oil prices, and he went out and bought a lot of oil ahead of time. Pre-bought it, and that has paid off in billions of dollars of profits for the airline.","And this continues from 2003?Do they continue to buy fuel ahead?Because the price of oil over the last year, I mean, it keeps going up and up. At some point you would think they would say we're not going to buy anymore.","You know it's fascinating because a lot of people thought Southwest hedges would fade out. They did make that big bet when prices were in the 30's, but they kept buying and they have continued to buy. They have most of their oil bought for this year at about 57 dollars a barrel. If you don't have hedges, you're right now paying about 120 something dollars a barrel. And they've bought fuel all the way out to 2012 as of today."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Southwest CEO pre-bought fuel in anticipation of a potential increase in oil prices due to the US going to war in Iraq, which resulted in billions of dollars of profits for the airline","questions":"Which event prompted Southwest CEO to pre-buy fuel and resulted in billions of profits for the airline?","answer":"War"}
{"text":["The last 48 hours, President Guaido ordered security forces to restore constitutional order. That's what we saw. This was not a coup d'etat. This was a legitimate president recognized by the Venezuelans and by over 60 countries asking security forces to go on the right side of the Constitution.","And at this point, when you're talking about directing the security forces, do you know what proportion is still loyal to Nicolas Maduro?","This is a nationwide movement by the security forces. And the majority of security forces are with the people. Remember; these military men, lower and high-ranking, have Venezuelan families that don't have food on the table, that they can't find medicine. So they're deeply impacted by the crisis.","But if we look onscreen and see a crackdown and see people going after protesters, how should we see that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The majority of security forces are with the people due to the impact of the crisis on their families","questions":"Which group of people are deeply impacted by the crisis?","answer":"military"}
{"text":["And how have the volatile markets affected the pension funds that you're responsible for?","Well, it has definitely had an impact, but like most pension plans, we're extremely well-diversified. But we still are down a little over 20 percent for the fiscal year, which is - started in June 30. But we're down less than the Dow, and less than the S&P, because we're in a fairly diversified portfolio, with just over half of our exposure to the equity market at all. We have an exposure of almost 40 percent to bonds and about 10 percent to real estate.","But as you mentioned, you are down. So, what happens to the city employees who are scheduled to receive their pension now or in the near future?","With San Diego's pension system, like most pension systems around the country, the current environment in any particular month is less important than the one day a year you take a snapshot of our assets and liabilities. And for us, that's June 30th. So, the current economic impact hasn't had any real impact yet, and we won't know what, if any, impact it has on the plan until June 30th, when our actuary will take a snapshot of our assets. The market may have recovered with the new administration and a new economic team and the stimulus measures being talked about in Washington. Who knows where the market will be June 30?But that's the date that will have an impact on our plan and most around the country."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Pension plan has been impacted by volatile markets, but due to diversification, it has not been severely impacted.","questions":"Which market has an exposure of almost 40 percent to bonds according to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Bonds"}
{"text":["What is your guideline?When do you tell an officer he or she has to start recording?","NOPD policy requires them to record the entire encounter until any police action has ceased. So what we're finding out though sometimes the cameras aren't on. Sometimes they aren't wearing the cameras. And those are clear violations, but then there were also supervisors telling officers things like turn it off during, you know, sensitive matters, but not defining what a sensitive matter could be.","We're also hearing complaints that only parts of interactions are being recorded. That's one of the things we're hearing now. So the misconduct is occurring off-camera, but then they're recording, you know, perfectly professional encounters on camera. So that's one of the things we're also hearing now. And. . .","That's a big complaint and, of course, you wouldn't have any - ironically or incongruously - you wouldn't have a video record of that misconduct, but you would have a video record of them doing it right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Officers are not following NOPD policy, which requires them to always record the entire encounter until any police action has ceased, and instead are turning off their cameras during what they consider to be \"sensitive matters\" without defining what this means.","questions":"Which policy do officers fail to follow?","answer":"NOPD"}
{"text":["Good.","They did have generators working, as did the airports. Now, officials are saying that this was a failure in the grid's interconnection system, which happened in the northeast, between two big installations there, and then triggered this unprecedented chain reaction. They don't think, by the way, that this was a cyberattack or any other kind of sabotage. But they don't exactly know what happened yet. They say it could be a couple of weeks before they do. We do know, though, that the grid and the infrastructure is not in good shape.","How are people responding to this odd Sunday?","Well, they're very angry, obviously. I mean, in Argentina, they're already facing really very hard times. Inflation there is among the highest in the world. The economy is - you know, they've got this boom-and-bust economy that's right now in such a mess that the government very controversially decided to sign on to this huge $56 billion IMF bailout. There are strikes and protests over President Mauricio Macri's austerity program, regularly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A takes credit for an idea, but it was a collaborative effort","questions":"Which turn of the dialogue implies that the grid failure was not caused by a deliberate attack?","answer":"Sabotage"}
{"text":["Well, I don't think anybody really knows, except the two of them, because it was a meeting without staff, without any advisers present. Senator Feinstein came out this morning and spoke to reporters. She hosted the meeting at her home. She said that it seemed very cordial. The two sat in comfy chairs in her living room.","They sipped water. They talked for about an hour and that they were laughing as they left. So, we know that the mood was fairly pleasant, and what Senator Obama's advisers tell us, is that they talked about how to move forward and how to achieve party unity, and how to bring together the factions of the Democratic Party that had supported each of the two of them separately, how to bring them both together to now beat John McCain in November.","So, was it a bargaining session?Was it my votes for a VP slot, something like that?","Well, actually, we're told by Senator Chuck Schumer who's an ally of Senator Clinton's in the Senate that no, they did not discuss the vice presidential chatter. It's hard to imagine that they didn't though, given the fact that it's what's everybody - it's what everybody's talking about right now."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : implies that the meeting was focused on discussing how to achieve party unity and defeat John McCain in November. However, the actual meaning could be that the meeting was a bargaining session where Obama and Clinton discussed potential terms for Clinton to drop out of the race and endorse Obama. This is not explicitly stated yet is a possible subtextual meaning.","questions":"Which aspect of the meeting could have been the actual focus instead of achieving party unity and defeating John McCain?","answer":"VP"}
{"text":["So, what I think is, at least, a part of the solution is, when we do something, to take a small group and to stay with them. I stayed with a group of girls for a year at a time for over a decade, and I did see two or three people who called me a couple of years later, Judge, I just want to tell you how well I am doing.","It's not a great answer. It's not the answer everybody wants to hear because it's not a panacea, and it's work intensive while the success rate is low, but I think it's what has to be done.","Judge, always great to talk to you.","Always.","That was News & Notes contributor, Judge Lynn Toler. She's a former municipal court judge and now hosts the syndicated television show, \"Divorce Court. \"She joined us from the studios of KJZZ in Temple, Arizona."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated. When a person looks at his watch","questions":"How did the person hint at something without directly stating it?","answer":"Implication"}
{"text":["I don't even want to repeat them. They were so unfair. They were essentially stigmatizing him, someone that we consider very naturally for good reasons as to be highly, highly unacceptable such as anti-Semitism. And I think the arguments that were made by some of the people who attacked him were essentially based on that. That was really scandalous. And I'm pleased to see that the majority of the Jewish community, which is moderate and decent, doesn't identify itself with this.","Nevertheless, there are legitimate questions to be asked, and you raised several of them yourself, about, well, how they should think about the possibility of a strike on Iran. I have to say, in recent weeks, the alarm bells have quieted a bit. You quoted, though, some in the Israeli media as quoting a former national security council member of the Obama team, saying there could be an American strike on Iran by the middle of this year.","That's correct. There has been talk to that effect. And I suspect, and rather expect, that these issues will come up in the course of the discussion. But in any case, the people that he's choosing to serve him are people with the experience, with a strategic perspective. But ultimately, he, the president, will be the decision-maker.","So I don't think that one has to expect that everyone chosen by him has to agree in every respect with every single aspect of the past policies that we have had, that he wants people who can think independently and give an independent advice, which he will then accept or reject, as president - as commander in chief."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Arguments that were made by some of the people who attacked him - attacked does not mean physically attacked. It means hurt with words. ","questions":"How were the attacks on him described by A?","answer":"Unfair"}
{"text":["It's the most remarkable story of evil coming out of Russia that I've seen in a long time. And what it shows is that they're not just messing with the election in the United States or doping in the Olympics. But they've got their tentacles into just about everything everywhere. This is one story that shows that.","I have to ask you, Mr.  Browder, there are plenty of people - and we hear from them - who are skeptical about Russia being seen at the center of so many allegations. And they say the U. S.  and the West are just crawling back into a destructive Cold War mentality. How do you answer that?","Well, I mean, Russia was responsible for shooting down MH17. Russia was responsible for invading Ukraine. Russia is responsible for taking away the chemical weapons in Syria that they didn't take away. Russia was responsible for having honest athletes in the Olympics when they did the whole doping program. I mean, Russia is the one who is making the trouble. Russia is really a sort of a nonentity when it comes to - the economy is the size of the state of New York. Their military budget is 5 percent of the U. S.  military budget. We shouldn't even be thinking about Russia other than the fact that they're sort of putting their nose into every bit of terrible activity all over the world.","Quick question - but it's important to get along, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Russia is involved in various malicious activities worldwide beyond just the U.S. elections and doping in the Olympics.","questions":"What is Russia's involvement in malicious activities worldwide?","answer":"Malicious"}
{"text":["That's right. That's the difference between income tax and the payroll tax, exactly that.","Exactly, exactly.","Ron Elving, NPR senior Washington Editor, always laying it out for us. He joined me here in Studio 3A. Ron, thank you so much.","Thank you, Celeste."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : laying it out implies that it was explained to others","questions":"How did Ron Elving present the information?","answer":"Clearly"}
{"text":["Yeah.","And so - especially in the 24\/7 cable environment, where you're desperate for eyeballs, you know, which would you rather see, somebody who's methodically and deliberately laying out the science of climate change or two people yelling at each other and getting. . .","Yeah.",". . . into a fight. So unfortunately, the media itself has some structural issues that make it harder to have a reasonable conversation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) implies that the media environment is desperate for viewers, and so it chooses to show people yelling at each other instead of presenting the science of climate change in an informative way.","questions":"Which environment is desperate for eyeballs?","answer":"Media"}
{"text":["Actually, it's - in the beginning it didn't look like it was really going to go anywhere. But more than 90 percent of courts have suspended operations now in Egypt, which will paralyze about 20 million cases. This is a nation of 80 million people, so really paralyzing the judicial system. The court system may put some pressure on the president to change the decrees he issued, which essentially, as I said, nullified the judiciary.","And so the political situation comes after a lot of the secular parties and some minority groups had walked out of the assembly that was trying to write the constitution.","Right. It's been a hard battle to write this constitution. When you talk to members of the Muslim Brotherhood, allies of the president, Muhammad Morsi, they say listen, we are elected. Our president is elected, the parliament was elected, the constituent assembly was chosen with a popular mandate, and the courts keep getting in our way. And they say in order to allow for this constitution to be completed, we had to cut out the courts. Right before the president issued these decrees, as you said, minorities, liberals, about a quarter of the constituent assembly walked out in protest, saying it's an Islamist-dominated body, which it is, and we don't agree with what's being put into the draft constitution. It limits women's rights, minority rights, and they take issue with that.","The Muslim Brotherhood, the Islamists, say the liberals, the secularists and the minorities were dragging their feet, trying to run out the clock on the constitution."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Muslim Brotherhood believes the courts are obstructing progress and cut them out to complete the constitution","questions":"How do the Muslim Brotherhood view the role of courts in completing the constitution?","answer":"Obstructing"}
{"text":["No.","So give an ABC, a little ABCs of how, let's say, Plan B works.","Yeah, so it depends on when you take it. You have to be aware when the fertile window is. So it's five days before ovulation and then about maximum one day after ovulation. And if you take it before the LH surge has started, then it works by either blocking follicular development and ovulation or by postponing it.","But if LH has started to rise, then it's too late, and it has no effect, and ovulation will occur. And it has no effect after ovulation, no effect on the fallopian tube or on the endometrium, that is the uterine lining. And actually if a woman has miscalculated, so she's already pregnant, it has no negative effect on the pregnancy, on the fetus or on the newborn baby. And it can't interrupt a pregnancy, but it has absolutely no effect."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"You have to be aware when the fertile window is.\"  The phrase \"fertile window\" is not a literal window but rather a period of time when a woman is most likely to get pregnant. It refers to the days leading up to and including ovulation when an egg can be fertilized by sperm.","questions":"What is the \"fertile window\"?","answer":"Period"}
{"text":["And it was remarkable to find these little details that people had. Oh, yes, when he was in college, you know, he belonged to this - some society. I'm forgetting the name right now. But the idea of it was to perfect one's dancing and etiquette. And the next door neighbor said he was always very interested in, you know, in correct speech and in, sort of, you know, elegantly holding himself out and that this was something that just went back, back, back, back, back.","Alan Feuer tells Alan Feuer's story in two articles in The New York Times, the most recent, \"The Secret Life of a Society Maven. \"You could find a link to that on our website. Go to npr. org, click on TALK OF THE NATION. And, Alan Feuer, thank you so much for sharing your story.","Oh, my pleasure.","Alan Feuer is a reporter for The New York Times. Tomorrow, after a gun battle outside the prime minister's house in Tripoli, we'll talk about progress and pitfalls and the ripples of revolution in Libya. Join for us that. It's the TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. I'm Neal Conan in Washington."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"The Secret Life of a Society Maven\" - The phrase \"The Secret Life of a Society Maven\" does not refer to the secret life of someone who is an expert or connoisseur in a particular area, as the literal meaning of the word \"maven\" suggests. It refers to the secret life of someone who is a member of a particular society.","questions":"How does the phrase \"The Secret Life of a Society Maven\" differ from the literal meaning of the word \"maven\"?","answer":"Membership"}
{"text":["What is - let's start with this. What is your personal collection to the work and the images in this book?","Well, to me this was a labor of love. I've been living in the U. S. I came back to England. It's my homeland. I came back to London, my home city, and I felt that the culture of the young black people in particular here were suffering from a kind of deficit, historically speaking.","There were younger people in my neighborhood who were bereft of history, who took their idea of themselves from watching their kind of generic hip-hop video material that they got from the video screen rather than really inquiring into the particular history and experience of our communities in this country.","As I looked at the book, I was trying to find a theme, and I don't know if I found one or not. What was, in your view, the major trends or themes that you saw unfolding over the century that are depicted in these photographs?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : None of the words in turn (1) have a different meaning from their literal meanings.","questions":"What was the purpose of the work in the book?","answer":"Educate"}
{"text":["Hi, Lulu. Thanks for having me.","So Bashar al-Assad, the president, it seems has prevailed with Russian and Iranian support. Only one major rebel area remains. Has he won?","Well, it depends how you define victory. He has, for the moment, won the right to stay. And it does seem like the world, in many ways, wants to sort of normalize his presence. But I think it's pretty clear that it's not a victory of any real kind.","And the damage that has been done and that has been wrought does not appear to be facing any kind of true reconciliation or any kind of true reckoning. There's a lack of justice. There's a lack of accountability. And there's the presence of an incredible amount of impunity.","Well, take me into Syria. What are people feeling there now after these eight long years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The person was not actually taken to Syria, they were just told what was going on there.","questions":"What happened after turn 4 in the dialogue?","answer":"Nothing"}
{"text":["Wow.",". . . Actually the night he died. So he was a very well-respected young person by our staff, by our students and our community. And, you know, it was a very shame that that did happen.","I'm so impressed. I gather the youngsters themselves in your school came up with the idea of electing them king and queen. I got to tell you. . .","Yeah, you know, you think about social media as something that's bad sometimes. Well, they - her friends and his friends kind of started a little social media thing and the adults weren't even totally aware. And they wanted to - they wanted to have them be king and queen. Now, it wasn't, you know, the whole school. It wasn't everybody. It was a very tight group of kids that really. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Wow. Implicated Meaning: B is expressing surprise or admiration. It implies that B is impressed or astonished by something.","questions":"What did PersonB say in response to turn 2?","answer":"Wow"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, the choices - we take in quite a range of groups clan, the Nazi groups, other kinds of white nationalist groups by which I mean, generally more kind of the suit-and-tie crowd than you'll find with the clan in the skinheads. But we also include some very extreme anti-gay groups, some radical traditionalist Catholic groups, these are groups that believe that Jews are evil and so on, murdered God and what have you, and a number of other groups along those lines.","What's driving this growth in the numbers of hate groups?Is it the economy, social forces, a combination of both perhaps?","I think all of those things. During the last eight years or so, most of the period, these groups have very successfully and almost exclusively exploited the issue of illegal immigration. In other words, every clan group, neo-Nazi group out there has kind of put aside all other enemies to concentrate heavily on the so-called threat of people with brown skin coming here, to you know, kind of rape our daughters and destroy our society. That has begun to change in just the last year, especially since last fall when we had two major things going on, of course, the economy crashing and unemployment in particular getting worse and then of course, the election of a black man to the White House. Those things together have really created kind of perfect storm.","Are the number of hate crimes and the number of hate groups increasing on a parallel track?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Perfect storm\" isn't about a literal storm; it means a bunch of conditions coming together to produce something negative. The rape and destroy comments also aren't literally what immigrants will do, but what A is characterizing these clans claim they will do.","questions":"What does \"perfect storm\" mean in turn 2?","answer":"Conditions"}
{"text":["So I - you either roll your eyes or you laugh at what politicians will do in support of their most fundamental instincts, which as I said is to preserve their own political viability.","It strikes me as not being all that different from what the Chinese badminton team did to try to get a better opponents in the next round.","Well, except there's one difference, right?The badminton team got thrown out of the Olympics. And in this one, if it works, you get elected to the U. S.  Senate.","It's also interesting, Senator McCaskill has said previously she's going to be much too busy campaigning to go to the Democratic National Convention to be photographed, presumably, with President Obama. She doesn't want to do that. I would think, now, congressman Akin may find himself much too busy to go to Tampa."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Then they changed the topic to President Obama","questions":"How did the conversation shift in turn 3?","answer":"President"}
{"text":["Oh, I really like the scene at DefCon. I don't think there's a single corner of the U. S.  or, you know, maybe even the world, where people take their privacy more seriously.","People pay their own way, right?Why do they go?","Well, people come here for a mix of reasons, OK?Some people are coming here for skills building. There are little villages in DefCon - as they're called. So one village, for example, teaches you how to break locks. Another village is focused on social engineering. And that's when you can learn to how to use the deep web - the parts of the web that are not on Google - to fish for information, which is a great tool for a journalist to have. Other people come here for recruitment. While this is a very countercultural space and you have, you know, mohawks and tattoos - even face tattoos - you know, this is also a place where the establishment comes over to look for their next talent. So you actually have a lot of side-conversations between people that look very different. And you can tell that people are talking about jobs and career.","Have they played spot the fed this year?I mean, has there been any government presence - any NSA on site?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning is that DefCon is a place where people with diverse backgrounds and interests come together, and it is also a place where employers come to look for talent.","questions":"How do people benefit from the social engineering village at DefCon?","answer":"Information"}
{"text":["People are still debating 70 years later about whether or not FDR's New Deal actually corrected the Great Depression or whether it was World War II.","Finally, Mara, let's take a look ahead. What is next on the president's agenda?And what else will he be talking about and promoting in the weeks to come?","Well, he has the State of the Union, the big address to Congress next Tuesday. He has what's called a fiscal responsibility summit on Monday, which is kind of an extraordinary thing where he's going to be trying to explain to people how after he's increasing the deficit by trillions of dollars, how at some point in the future he's going to bring it down so that we don't basically become like a Banana Republic and inflate our way out of this mess.","In other words, the solution to the immediate crisis, which is deficit spending, is going to cause another problem that has to be solved down the road. He's also going to be rolling out his budget next week, which will have some parts of his health-care agenda on it. And of course, tomorrow, he will be talking about housing in Phoenix, Arizona."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The effects of FDR's New Deal on the Great Depression are still controversial.","questions":"Which historical event is still being debated after 70 years?","answer":"FDR's"}
{"text":["But I neither have a pornographic nor a photographic memory. You know, and I don't have a memory that's particularly better than anybody else's. It's just that I've been able to do it so much over the years. And, you know, in the beginning it was not easy - memorizing the silks and coming up with the names. But now its pretty much second nature.","You've spoken openly about having performance anxiety. Can I get you to talk about that a little?","Sure. Sure. Right now, I've been doing hypnosis for the past couple of weeks. I don't always have to do hypnosis. But if there's kind of a big event coming up, such as this, and I start to feel a little queasy, I'll just go into hypnosis. Sometimes I even resort to the extremes of exercise. And hypnosis really does seem to work.","Can I ask you about a couple of calls for which you are famed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : I\u2019ve also experienced times where I have been too confident. I have taken risks that have not paid off and I have overestimated my abilities or made decisions without thinking things through. This has been a hard lesson to learn, but it has taught me the importance of being humble and realistic about my capabilities.","questions":"What lesson did the speaker learn from their experiences?","answer":"Importance"}
{"text":["I know I could have summitted. Yes, however - yes, I wasn't willing to lose my fingers or a tip of a finger, even, for the summit of K2.","Nick, this climbing season in the Himalayas is done for you. Do you think that you would think about K2 again?","I'm actually pretty sure I will think about K2 again. It's always been a dream of mine to be up there, and it is quite painful to have gotten so close to the summit and turn around. So maybe not next year, maybe not the year after, but I can say, in my life, I will for sure come back here. There's something about this mountain that just draws us all to it.","But you know, you know now, this is the deadliest mountain in the world."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A wasn't willing to risk his fingers to summit K2","questions":"Which mountain did PersonA want to summit despite the risk of losing his fingers?","answer":"K2"}
{"text":["Well, so far, they've gotten houses in Jeddah, a city on the Red Sea in Saudi Arabia. They've also gotten monthly stipends, or monthly payments, of about $10,000 to $15,000 per month.","Although it sounds like, from your reporting, that's just the beginning. You report negotiations for possible larger payments. What would they be?","Yeah. So this is - this happens in sort of two stages. These were payments that were approved by the king late last year for the family. But going forward, you know, there are cases; there are prosecutions underway in Saudi Arabia. When those conclude, there would be an opening for discussions for far more money. And that's where you get into the real sort of blood money situation or scenario. Those could be millions and millions of dollars (inaudible). . .","Now, we should just underline that. I mean, we understand, from civil lawsuits in the United States, the idea of punitive damages. Blood money, I guess, is somewhat similar but also different. This is a way to wipe away a killing rather than the family of the victim having to seek revenge. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that \"blood money\" is a way to reconcile with the family of the victim without seeking revenge.","questions":"Which term is used for the payments made to reconcile with the family of the victim without seeking revenge?","answer":"Bloodmoney"}
{"text":["Yeah, it's light and it's very dark at the same time, yeah.","Well, that's what you go for or what?","Yeah, you got to have a little bit of - a little bit of an edge, I think.","You have a woman in a classical gown looking out over the sea coast in the moonlight holding a lantern. The caption - night after night she watches the sea, longing for her husband's departure (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  My experience with my level of confidence has been a bit of a roller coaster ride. I started out quite shy and timid, but over time I have been able to gain more and more confidence. I have found that the more I put myself out there and take risks, the more confident I become. I have been involved in activities such as public speaking, volunteering, and even starting my own business, which has all helped to boost my confidence. ","questions":"What activity has helped to boost PersonA's confidence?","answer":"Volunteering"}
{"text":["What's your greatest regret?","Well, the greatest regret is that we lost the referendum - that I didn't prevail, that we could have fought, perhaps, a better campaign. We could have conducted, perhaps, a better negotiation. Perhaps the timing wasn't right - and that I didn't take the country with me on what I thought was a really important issue. And I resigned because I felt - I didn't fight the referendum as a sort of chairman - on the one hand, on the other hand, you decide. I was wholly on one side of the argument. And so I felt it was right to resign, having lost, because the country needed a new prime minister, a prime minister with a credibility to take us forward and deliver the outcome of the referendum.","But, of course, you know, I will to my dying day wonder whether there was something more we could have done to have secured what I thought was the right outcome, which was to keep Britain in, but to recognize we were, in many ways, the odd one out.","OK."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They regret not trying harder on their campaign for the referendum. They also regret not getting more of the people to support them.","questions":"Which issue did the person in the dialogue regret not getting enough support for?","answer":"support"}
{"text":["And it's working. It's really working. So, I think that the new music coming out of Atlanta, the new kids that are coming up are really taking what we did in the past, over the past 20 years, and infusing it with the new, like they're erasing all the boundaries.","I just like to add one thing. Yellow Wolf is also a discovery of Kawan K. P. Prather, who was also at Le Face Records. So, it is like the story continues to. . .","The generations roll on.","Yeah. Yeah, exactly."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The new music coming out of Atlanta is building on the past and pushing boundaries.","questions":"How is Atlanta's new music scene evolving?","answer":"boundaries"}
{"text":["I was - I did an interview on a radio station where one of the leaders of the class war was on there. They've protested outside housing developments. They've protested outside banks before and they get absolutely nowhere with it, but as soon as they threw paint on our shop, they hit the headlines. So I think they got what they wanted.","Why did you open up in this neighborhood?","Shoreditch is a really creative part of London. There's a lot of - new businesses start right around here and a lot of creative businesses as well. So it just seemed like our brand and what we wanted to do fitted in really well here.","And what do you serve?I said $5 bowls of cereal, but expand on that menu if you could."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The implied meaning of this turn is: Was there any particular reason for choosing this neighbourhood for your business?","questions":"How did the interviewee's shop get media attention?","answer":"Paint"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, there was a lot of people pulling up, dropping off food, blankets, and that's fine. Well, below zero, the food was getting cold as soon as someone set it out there.","Yeah. Well, sounds like you've changed their lives and they've changed yours.","Absolutely. They've definitely changed mine because you don't know until you're either in it or next to it. In these past days (ph) I've been next to it. It's freezing outside. You know, some of them are disabled. We've got children here. We got pregnant women here. No. Let them stay where they're at. We'll bring it to them.","You're very impressive, Candice Payne. I'm so glad we could speak with you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to pull up somewhere means to drive to a particular place","questions":"What was getting cold as soon as someone set it out there?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["From the studios of NPR West, this is Day to Day. I'm Alex Cohen. This Thanksgiving Day, we'll hear how food banks are innovating to meet the needs of the hungry in the U. S.  That's just ahead. First, though, we go to Mumbai, India, where coordinated terrorist attacks began last night, killing more than 100 people. The attacks occurred throughout the city at sites like the Oberoi and Taj Mahal Hotels. Arif Doctor is a lawyer living in Mumbai. We reached him today at his home and asked what the city looks like.","From my home, we're seeing or hearing presently nothing. Last night, we heard three explosions, which we were told were hand grenades, at about midnight and half past one in the morning. And we were told those were hand grenades thrown out of the Oberoi Hotel.","Do you know anyone personally who has been at any of these sites that have come under attack?","We do. We know someone. I'm a lawyer, and there's another fellow lawyer - two fellow lawyers who are in the Oberoi, very senior lawyers who are in the Oberoi. We had contact with them til about four, five in the morning. And after that, we've heard nothing from them. They were in a restaurant which is on the ground floor of the Oberoi. One is called the Tiffin and the other Kandahar. And since that time, we've had no contact with them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  the speaker is worried about the safety and well-being of their friends who were at the Oberoi hotel during the attack. The lack of contact with them since the early morning is causing anxiety and uncertainty.","questions":"How is the speaker feeling about their friends who were at the Oberoi hotel during the attack?","answer":"Worried"}
{"text":["Thank you. How are you?","I'm pretty good. Thank you. You must be stuck like glue on this, but, you know, you've played in three World Cups, including one of the wins for the U. S.  team in 1999. How would you describe what it's like to be out there on that field in that final game?","It's exhilarating, to be honest with you. And it's really interesting for me to watch on TV because on the game days, I feel similar to how I used to feel when I played just because I really still feel a kinship and a connection to the current team, even though it's been many years since I played. But I feel we're all connected and inspired by each other.","Well, what are your thoughts on this current team?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : stuck like glue means to be attached to something, be it a particular issue or a person","questions":"Which phrase describes the feeling the speaker gets on game days?","answer":"Kinship"}
{"text":["Was he in uniform?I mean, was this a. . .","He was in plainclothes, just driving in plainclothes.","Not that that makes it any better but still.","Well, at least they weren't dumb enough to go up to a fully uniformed police chief. But, you know, it's one of those things where we got one of the worst crime problems because there is no rhyme or reason to some of the things that are happening. You've got elderly gentlemen being beaten up at gas stations and people being afraid to come out of their homes at 5 P. M. It's not everywhere and it's not every neighborhood but it's enough that it's becoming what people think about living in Detroit.","Rochelle, Halloween's coming up and in Detroit that could mean Devil's Night."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : implies that the Halloween season in Detroit is dangerous.","questions":"What could Devil's Night potentially lead to in Detroit during Halloween season?","answer":"Trouble"}
{"text":["A busy week at the U. S.  Federal Reserve. The central bank announced it would end its stimulus program after six years. And later in the week, the Fed's chair, Janet Yellen, gave a speech about diversity in the field of economics. She said the profession, which seems to be dominated by white men, would benefit from a wider variety of viewpoints and pointed to what she called a leaky pipeline that's prevented women and minorities from making it into the top ranks of academia. We're joined now in our studios by labor economist Julianne Malveaux. Dr.  Malveaux, thanks very much for being with us.","DR.  JULIANNE MALVEAUX: It's absolutely a pleasure. Thank you, Scott.","What do you make of that leaky pipeline analogy?","It's absolutely the case. When you look at the research from the past, white males were the norm. It was not until the '70s that folks like Janet Yellen and others introduced women into, essentially, the research - just the research. I think that some of my work and others began to introduce black women, but by and large you're talking a white male space."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) -- It is true that the field of economics has been dominated by white men for a long time, and that it was only in the 1970s that people like Janet Yellen began to introduce women into research.","questions":"What was the field of economics dominated by for a long time?","answer":"White-men"}
{"text":["South Africa has some very liberal policies. It has a very liberal constitution on migration and immigration. I think with that, though, is a history since 1994 of xenophobia and of a backlash against that very liberal migration policy. We saw in 1994 the Inkatha Freedom Party actually really try to take physical action, or threatened to take physical action if the government failed to crack down on undocumented workers in South Africa.","We saw similarly later on that decade a study that was done by the Human Sciences Research Council, an institute for security studies in South Africa, that reported that 65 percent of South Africans were in support of forced repatriation of undocumented migrants in their country.","And so I think that history - history of violence against not just Zimbabweans, but Somalis, Mozambiquans and Angolans has just played itself out in larger and larger ways here in the last couple of weeks. And that Zimbabwe has been, I mean, Zimbabwe and South Africa, both governments, have been trying to respond to this recent wave of migration. But their responses have not been enough.","Alright. I want to move on to an interesting initiative. Physicist Steven Hawking is looking for Africa's Einstein. What he wants to do with a bunch of entrepreneurs and scientists is to create Africa's post-graduate centers for advanced math and physics, places that don't exist yet. And it's planned to cost 75 million British pounds, or over 150 million U. S.  dollars. Hawking said, quote, the world of science needs Africa's brilliant talents. So what exactly is this plan going to do?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"very liberal policies\" and \"liberal constitution\" - the literal meaning of these phrases is that South Africa has policies and a constitution that are characterized by a broad-minded or progressive approach. The implied meaning, however, is that South Africa is relatively open to immigration and migration.","questions":"How would you describe South Africa's migration policy?","answer":"liberal"}
{"text":["I think they have put a scare into people enough that they'd approve almost anything, and that's unfortunate. But I think we rely on our leadership. Cal Rapson, who is our vice president, has been in General Motors his entire life. I worked with Cal when I was here as a president. I think he understands the needs of auto workers, understands what GM can do and what they can't do, and I think, if we follow his leadership along with Ron Getelfinger, we're not going to be in too bad a shape.","You worked at a GM plant for 32 years. What you're seeing right now, how does that compare to what you've seen in the past?There have been troubled times before.","Never have seen anything to this magnitude. Well, my local has gone from 14,000 members to 2,000. When I was here, we were worrying about what was our next product, not worrying about whether we were going to have a product.","And so, for some of the workers that are there now with you at this UAW hall currently employed, what are they talking about?Are they coming up with a plan B in case this doesn't happen and they don't have jobs?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The current workers of the UAW hall are preparing for the possibility that GM won't be saved and are coming up with plans for their future.","questions":"Which group of individuals are preparing for a potential job loss?","answer":"CurrentUAWworkers"}
{"text":["How - let me just change gears because the title of your book is \"Energy for Future Presidents: The Science Behind the Headlines. \"The last time you were on, you were talking about physics for future presidents. We're in a presidential debate year. Do you think this should be an issue, the talk about global climate change and global warming?","Oh I - energy, there's nothing more important in our world than the future of energy. We start wars over energy. Events like Fukushima and the Gulf oil spill have too much influence in our policy. We have to sit back and be thoughtful and think: What can we do?","For the case of global warming, I do believe we should take action, but most of the action that people are suggesting will not address the problem, and so we have to get the energy policy right. It has to be based in science and engineering and technology.","And what should that policy be?What should we do?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The topic of energy is crucial to our world's future and has significant impacts on policy decisions, including war.","questions":"Which event had significant influence on policy decisions?","answer":"spill"}
{"text":["OK.","We're in a tent at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival. So if you hear some extraneous sounds that you wouldn't normally hear in Studio 3A, please forgive us. But it gives us the opportunity to do some things that we wouldn't ordinarily do. We want to hear from comedians today. How do you translate your material, which comes from a certain time and place, to a wider or different cultural or even ethnic group?Give us a call: 800-989-8255. Email us: talk@npr. org.","And Trevor Noah, what did you find translated well?Is there a material that you did in Cape Town that you can do in Los Angeles, or Baltimore for that matter?","Not really, no. Because the points of view changes, you know?I think the one - well, I could talk about Oprah. Oprah is worldwide. Yes.","Oprah is worldwide."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Not really, no. Because the points of view changes, you know? I think the one - well, I could talk about Oprah. Oprah is worldwide. Yes. (This turn has an implied meaning that Trevor Noah's comedy material doesn't translate well across different cultural settings due to differences in perspectives. The mention of Oprah as a worldwide figure is a way of acknowledging that there are some cultural references that are universally understood)","questions":"How did PersonA acknowledge the existence of some cultural references that are universally understood?","answer":"Oprah"}
{"text":["I'm personally not. I'm going to ask Teller if he is.","I'm honest - I'm not a card guy. And that's a card move, right?","JOE #1: That's a card - yes, it's a card flight. And it's an illusion where you have four cards that are facedown. And when you spread the cards, one of the cards just turns face up, and it look as if from the spectator's point of view that the card just magically turns face up. It doesn't look like you're doing any sleight whatsoever. But the reason that's so hard, or that was so hard for me to pick up, was that - just the timing of the sleight with what we needed to do to take the spectator's eyes away at that particular moment. There's a timing issue.","Joe, give us civilians an idea of how long you would work on that."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Here, the term \"civilians\" is used metaphorically to refer to non-professionals or individuals who are not experienced in a particular field, rather than its literal meaning of non-military individuals. The sentence asks Joe to provide an estimation of the time he would spend working on the mentioned task.","questions":"What is the metaphorical meaning of the term \"civilians\" in turn 3?","answer":"Nonprofessionals."}
{"text":["You were screamed at in Duluth?Could you tell us these stories?","I think the man in Braddock, PA was a case in point. I was photographing the original Carnegie Library, the very first one. And it was, you know, quite an amazing experience for me. The interior Carnegie had produced was quite magnificent, and it had a swimming pool and a basketball court and, you know, as well as all the books. And then I went outside to photograph the exterior. And the entire project I did with a large-format 4-by-5 camera, so it's - I have to be under a dark cloth to focus the camera.","And the - at one point, while I was focusing, a hand reached in and tried to grab the camera. And I pushed it away and came out from under the dark cloth and was punched very strongly in the jaw. This man had thought I had photographed him. You know, he obviously was out of his mind. He had - who knows what his problem was - but the homeless population is something that librarians have to deal with in the libraries. It's not something they're necessarily trained to do. It's just an added thing. And I - you can't blame the libraries. It's - where do people go if they're on the streets?","The Northeastern Nevada Regional Bookmobile, as the name implies, that's a library on wheels."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Is the Northeastern Nevada Regional Bookmobile a library service that provides books to people in remote areas?","questions":"Which library service is mentioned in the dialogue as a mobile library?","answer":"Bookmobile"}
{"text":["The founder and the all-female staff of the Vatican women's magazine have resigned abruptly citing a climate of distrust. Their publication has gotten attention for their recent work to expose the sexual abuse of nuns by priests. Those stories led to the rise of the hashtag #NunsToo. In a letter of resignation to the pope, the editorial board wrote that they believe there is a Vatican campaign to discredit them and put them under the control of men. And we have NPR's Sylvia Poggioli on the line from Rome.","Hi, Sylvia.","Hi, David.","They are accusing the Vatican of some very serious things there, it sounds like. Tell me more about what prompted this."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is simply a request for more information about what prompted the resignations. However, the implicated meaning could be interpreted as skepticism or doubt about the seriousness of the accusations made by the editorial board. This is because the phrasing \"it sounds like\" suggests a lack of full belief or acceptance of the accusations.","questions":"What does the phrasing \"it sounds like\" in turn 3 of the dialogue imply?","answer":"Imply"}
{"text":["It's a common misconception that there is some sort of missing server from the DNC hack, but it's not true. The hack involved 140 cloud-based servers, and they were all decommissioned in 2016. There was no single server that was, you know, stolen in the dead of night and smuggled to the Ukraine or something. This was based on a fundamental misunderstanding of both the technology involved and the firm involved. And trying to make sense of it is almost impossible because it's not really a logical idea.","What's remarkable about the president referring to the DNC hack of 2016 and a 2019 call to a foreign leader?","I think it just goes to show you how much he, like the rest of us, is stuck in this social media feedback loop that started with that election.","What do you mean by that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He and the rest of us keep reading the same things over and over on social media.","questions":"Which kind of loop are they stuck in?","answer":"Feedback"}
{"text":["I'm doing great. So when you think about. .","You're doing better than the economy, right?","I guess so. You know, when you think about what Marcus Mabry just said, he said, this is a Wall Street issue, not a Main Street issue. Do you agree with that?","Not at all. I mean, I think he's basically right that it hits Wall Street harder than it hits Main Street, but it does hit Main Street too especially if you are an African-American and had already bumped up against a stringent credit requirement. I think that there is going to be - there's going to be several restructurings, and one thing that needs to happen is we need to talk about people's right to have access to credit and the ways that people are judged as being credit worthy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"You're doing better than the economy, right?\" The literal meaning of this sentence is that the speaker is asking whether the person they are speaking to is doing better than the economy. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is using sarcasm to imply that the economy is not doing well.","questions":"What is the actual meaning behind the statement \"You're doing better than the economy, right?\"","answer":"Sarcasm"}
{"text":["Yeah, Charles Bergquist is usually the victim of doing it.","Well, thank you, Charles.","And this year, it's September 20th?","September 20th. It's a Thursday night and the winners are going to be coming and great secrecy from five continents."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Charles Bergquist is often blamed for mistakes or problems.","questions":"Which person is often the victim of blame?","answer":"Charles"}
{"text":["Yes, it's a primate. It's actually one of the largest monkey species there are. I'm not sure if you're familiar with Rafiki from the movie \"Lion King?\"Rafiki is a mandrill. They have extremely colorful noses and rumps, and like I said, they're one of the largest monkey species.","Do the animals get something special to eat considering it's Thanksgiving?","Keepers that are responsible for the day-to-day care of the animals do make some special treats for the animals. For example, our gorillas, on a daily basis, they get sweet potatoes, and on Thanksgiving, they may add some nutmeg or cinnamon to the sweet potatoes to make it kind of reminiscent of being home with family on the holidays.","Barb Webber is working today at Disney's Animal Kingdom. Happy Thanksgiving, Barb, to you and your animal friends."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Rafiki is not a person but a mandrill monkey species","questions":"What kind of monkey is Rafiki?","answer":"Mandrill"}
{"text":["Well, they all have different - they work differently, you know, in terms of the receptors they hit, in terms of how they're metabolized in our body and how they interact with our body's tissue. So each one is a very different animal in trying to attack.","Is this something that a drug company would be interested in developing, if you found some research or did some of the basic research?","I really wish it would, but I think a lot of big drug companies don't feel that drug addicts are a great investment. So they've kind of shied away from looking at therapies for addiction. I wish they would get more involved, that's for sure.","Well, what about something for an overdose?You don't have to be a drug addict to have an overdose."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Race is a deep-seated issue in society that cannot be easily solved","questions":"How do drug companies view drug addicts as an investment?","answer":"Don't"}
{"text":["And, of course, it's irresistible to point out Franklin Roosevelt, who, as you rightly point out, is considered one of our greatest presidents, still put Japanese-American citizens in internment camps. Lincoln, our greatest president by universal acclamation, crushed civil liberties in many areas to prosecute the war. Are you just focusing on what Buchanan did wrong?","Look, nobody's perfect, of course. And, of course, one of the things I like to point out in the book is that Buchanan had some good traits, too. He wasn't just some evil jerk. He was the greatest party giver in mid-19th century America. He - even though he hated Douglas, there's nothing I could find in any of his papers where he bad-mouthed anybody.","He was a very civil guy. And so people liked him. So that's a plus, I would say. But his negatives was he had no knowledge of how to lead in any case. He waffled when we really needed him - the lead-up to the Civil War. And this was a really crucial time. And he really blew it.","Robert Strauss - his book, \"Worst. President. Ever. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Despite the fact that Buchanan was liked for his civility, he was still an ineffective leader and failed to take action in a crucial moment.","questions":"Which trait of Buchanan was liked by people despite his failure as an effective leader?","answer":"Civility"}
{"text":["Pat and Gina are fun, folksy and family oriented. Pat started our chat by telling me how it all got started.","First of all, I was 23 years of age, and I always felt like, even back then, that the best thing I had going for me was my age, and the worst thing I had going for me was my age. Because I was young enough to make mistakes, yet, at the same time, I was going to be young enough to recover from them.","So, you know, it was a very, very gutsy move because he and I, we didn't have a quarter. And I'm sure you're saying, well, how did you open up a restaurant without any money?Well, my grandmother, who was in her 90s, was gracious enough and had enough faith and confidence in us to use her house as collateral, and we took out a small 20,000 dollar loan, opened up a 2,000-square-foot restaurant in 1988.","And, the first day we opened, we were dead broke. We didn't have a cash register. There were so many things that we didn't have that I wouldn't dare try to open up a restaurant in today's time without. But in less than the two years - we leased the building for two years - in two years, not only had we paid my grandmother her money back, but we had saved 40,000 dollars. And we took that money and used it as a down payment and purchased our first restaurant."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Using \"dead broke\" to mean completely out of money is a non-literal meaning.","questions":"What does \"dead broke\" mean?","answer":"completely"}
{"text":["Tell us the story, Butch, behind this recording?","Oh, I was asked to come and work for ORT, or Orchestra, regionally, della Toscana. I was told I could have three days, three hours a day, to instruct the orchestra in the ways and means of conduction, and I refused for a long time.","For months I refused to do it because it's quite a stressful thing, I think, for most conductors who get three days to conduct something they already know with an orchestra that already knows the work, but for me to teach this way of working in nine hours, I thought, was going to be a little too stressful, so I refused.","Finally, I accepted, and I encountered the problems I thought I was going to encounter. First of all, the orchestra walked into rehearsal for the first time in their life where there was no music notation and no music stands, and they kind of freaked out because most musicians, especially symphonic players, go to rehearsal, and there's music and music stands."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The orchestra was not used to rehearsing without sheet music and music stands.","questions":"What did the orchestra find missing during rehearsal?","answer":"Sheet-music"}
{"text":["Oh, by all means. I mean, the family in particular has been just, I mean, courageous. I've been at this 50 years now, and sometimes families withdraw, and we understand that. But this family has been a model of participation in all of the rallies, the demonstrations that we've had, and some of the members will be arrested. Therefore, they have sent a message across the city, indeed across the nation, rallying young people because Sean was about 22, 23, rallying young people to this cause.","Now, you and Reverend Sharpton's National Action Network were involved in protests around the shooting death of Amadou Diallo. Civil disobedience played a big role in those protests. What do you think those protests taught you, or what did you learn from them?","Well, you know, we've been doing this across the years. There's nothing new about a civil disobedience. But having 1,200 people arrested in a daily civil disobedience venture is phenomenal. It made an impact upon the police department itself and upon the politics in New York. Giuliani was the mayor at that time.","We hope that we will have a residential law. That is to say that policemen should live where they work. So that would mean you kill where you live. And I suspect that if you're going to kill where you live, you'll be more inclined not to kill, and we hope that there would be an independent civilian complaint review board that would review the behavior of the police."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Protests involving civil disobedience had a significant impact on the politics and police department of New York.","questions":"What played a big role in the protests around the shooting death of Amadou Diallo?","answer":"Civildisobedience"}
{"text":["The president's reaction, they're happy with, I think. The alt-right - Lana actually - I asked her this specifically - I said, you know, what do you think about Donald Trump?And she said, let's be honest; he's not one of our guys. We've never thought that he was one of our guys.","But the more that he does not disavow the things that they believe in and either tacitly or directly supports them, the better.","Seyward Darby - her article \"The Rise Of The Valkyries\" is published in the September issue of Harper's Magazine. Thank you so much for speaking with us.","Thank you so much for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"But the more that he does not disavow the things that they believe in and either tacitly or directly supports them, the better.\" - The implied meaning is that the speaker believes Donald Trump is indirectly supporting the alt-right movement by not publicly condemning their beliefs, and that this is beneficial for the movement.","questions":"How is the alt-right movement benefiting from Donald Trump's actions?","answer":"Alt-right"}
{"text":["What's missing from that?","I mean, a deeper understanding of why Syrians rose up in the first place. I mean, this is a regime that's been in power for 50 years. It has outlasted eight U. S.  presidents since Nixon. Think about that. And Bashar's organizing elections again in 2021, and he intends to run. So there's a chance he will probably outlast Trump, even if Trump wins a second term.","Sam Dagher is author of the book \"Assad Or We Burn The Country. \"He also contributes to The Atlantic. Sam, thank you so much for being with us.","You're welcome, Noel."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Syrian regime's longevity is a sign of their power and oppression, and Bashar's reelection will likely outlast Trump's presidency.","questions":"Which regime has outlasted eight U.S. presidents since Nixon?","answer":"Syrian"}
{"text":["Yeah.","You look ahead, and what do you see?Just life is going to be a kind of process of trying to figure out how to live on very reduced circumstances.","Yeah. And my grandparents raised me, and they did live through the Depression. And I've kind of gone back more and more to how they coped. I remember my grandmother telling me how they had to eat the kids' pet chickens for dinner.","Cutting back to two meals a day, that's two things, dire circumstances and also an enormous amount of self discipline."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Life is going to be a struggle due to limited resources","questions":"How might someone cope with reduced circumstances, according to PersonA's grandparents?","answer":"Eat"}
{"text":["Well, he had his archenemy, a man by the name of Julian, who he claimed had tricked him out of this magical cheese that he had made. And so I eventually got around to visiting with Julian and found myself being able to slowly release myself from Ambrosio to tell it.","You took your kids to Guzman a couple of times, and so they also got to know the place and Molinos' family, right?","Yeah. Those are some of the best memories of having done this book. I was in love with our children being young and living forever, and I knew the minute I broke the spell, time would start again. The minute you put an ending on a story, you have to walk out into real life, and, you know, that's where you feel the real losses, and I think that I was probably hiding from that a little bit, too.","Did writing this book, meeting this man, spending time in this place, change you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : :while (4) implies that the speaker was asking if the experience changed the speaker in some way.","questions":"Which turn implies that Ambrosio had a magical cheese that was tricked by Julian?","answer":"0"}
{"text":["So, you know, so I think that all those things have - there's just been a confluence of just, you know, just a cynicism, I think.","So, will Michael Phelps be the person who emerges as the American with the greatest number of gold medals and, you know, sort of the Mark Spitz of the new millennium?","Well, you know, they were kind of hyping that last time, too. And don't be surprised. You might think that, from our standpoint - our meaning the United States and marketing - people would love to say, well, who's the American who's going to kind of put us on the marketing tip?And I think that that's part of the problem, too, Tony, is that we're focus - we want Michael Phelps to win because there's marketing, where - you've got a lot of Chinese swimmers, man, who are just waiting to ambush Phelps. So, on paper, it looks kind of good, but who knows?Allyson Felix may be the American who emerges as sort of the star and the salvation of our hopes over there.","Well, the race with Tyson Gay and - God, I'm kind of blocking on the name of the other runner who's the fastest man in the world at the moment - that ought to be pretty interesting."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The US wants Michael Phelps to win because of marketing but he might not be the best, and Allyson Felix could emerge as the star.","questions":"How might Allyson Felix emerge?","answer":"Star"}
{"text":["Yes.",". . . And that makes the process here entirely unconstitutional. So due process rights are an important part of our Constitution, and they apply to any one of us who's in the middle of a criminal proceeding, for example. But this is different. We're not in a grand jury. The president's not about to be indicted, at least not anytime soon. The process that is underway is the very early steps - what the House has chosen to call an inquiry into whether or not there should be a more formal move to impeach the president.","Although, I mean, if Pat Cipollone were here, he would argue, A, President Trump is an American. He is entitled to the same rights as any American citizen. I'm reading from Page 1 (reading) therefore he has - he enjoys the basic rights guaranteed to all Americans, which would include due process under the Constitution.","Well, the Constitution doesn't say that either, OK?What the Constitution says specifically with respect to impeachment, it says that the House of Representatives - and I'm shortening the sentence - the House of Representatives shall have the sole power of impeachment - period. There's a period at the end of that. And there's no sentence following in that. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The house of representatives has absolute power of impeachment and there is no way to argue the point.","questions":"How much power does the House of Representatives have in impeachment proceedings?","answer":"Absolute"}
{"text":["Israel is saying the same. The Defense Minister Ehud Barak told the parliament today that Israel is essentially in a state of all-out war with Hamas and that Israel has no intention of stopping with their campaign as long as Hamas continues to fire its rockets.","And meanwhile, Israeli soldiers are massed along the border. Is it expected that there will be a ground war?","Israeli officials are saying that it's certainly possible, and they have closed off the part of Israel that directly borders Gaza. They've created a military zone there. It's been closed to all civilians and to reporters, so we don't know exactly what is happening there now.","And what is Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni saying?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Israel is engaged in a serious conflict with Hamas.","questions":"What is the Defense Minister's position on Israel's campaign against Hamas?","answer":"Israel"}
{"text":["Sure, Scott.","Russia's been taking over bases in Crimea all this week following the referendum. Was this expected?Were there any signs of resistance, near as you can tell?","There were signs of resistance. So, just to give you a sense, so this was an airbase - the tarmac area was taken weeks ago. That was in the initial occupation by Russian forces. This part of the base is where the soldiers and the pilots lived, and lived with their families. There were houses, apartments right around there. So not a strategic area but certainly symbolic. And all these bases had a deadline of yesterday. This base missed that deadline; they had an ultimatum of today to evacuate the base or be stormed.","Significantly, this was one of the few bases that did announce their intention to fight. We're not sure what that would lead to, whether it would lead to death. And this is all because of the commander. Very interesting guy named Yuli Montir(ph), who became famous for a YouTube video that he put up, saying that he'd stand until he heard from Kiev, which has not given any information to these soldiers as to what they're supposed to do. Whether they're supposed to evacuate, evacuate or fight. And so when the Russians did come, it was very expected. They came today and the attack was very swift. Military people describe it as very professional. It was clearly designed to minimize casualties, and it seems to have done so. In fact, an ambulance followed the tank that crashed open the gate today."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. The speaker is describing a military base that was not strategically important but was taken over by Russian forces because it was symbolic. The base was given an ultimatum to evacuate, but the soldiers and pilots chose to stay and fight. The speaker describes the situation as \"very expected,\" which implies that similar events have occurred before.","questions":"Which base missed the deadline for evacuation?","answer":"This"}
{"text":["Thank you.","What did you see when you drove through that deep water?What did you do?","It was just devastation everywhere. I mean, it looked like a lake. It looks like a lake in the middle of the neighborhood. You can't even fathom it.","Do you remember some of the people you were able to help?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The disaster was so immense and overwhelming that it was hard to comprehend.","questions":"What was the neighborhood like?","answer":"Comprehend"}
{"text":["Yeah, it's a peculiar thing. What John McCain has said was that his vote was consistent with his early view that we ought not be limiting the military options available, and that those options ought not be constrained and that using enhanced interrogation techniques are something that is useful to the military. But that, of course, contradicts what he has been saying on the campaign trail all along, which is that he's opposed to torture and opposed to these sorts of things. So there's a real inconsistency there, but John McCain seems to think that there is some way to reconcile his position.","So here's the huge question. Is waterboarding legal?What do you think?","Well, you know, that's a great question. You know, if you sort of go back and look at the history of waterboarding, at least in America with respect to prosecutions and laws that have been passed up, you get the growing sense that it is unlawful, that it is illegal, that it's you know, a violation of the U. N.  declaration of human rights. It's a violation of the U. N.  Convention Against Torture. It's a violation of the United States Detainees Torture Act of 2005. The CIA has said that it has not used this since 2003. It prohibited the use in 2006, and so on and so forth. So you would think that there seems to be some consensus growing that it is unlawful. And yet the attorney general has yet to define waterboarding as torture and illegal.","So why is it so hard to determine whether it's torture or not?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning is that there is growing consensus that waterboarding is unlawful and violates various international and US laws, but the attorney general has not yet defined it as torture and illegal. The words used may imply that the speaker thinks it is clear that waterboarding is illegal and the attorney general's inaction is troubling.","questions":"What is the growing consensus regarding waterboarding?","answer":"Unlawful"}
{"text":["Help us understand. Just how good were the Lightning before this collapse?","Oh, quite good. They had 62 wins in the regular season. That tied the all-time NHL record for wins in a season. This was a team that was doing historic things in the regular season. Consider this. Thirty of their 62 victories were by three goals or more. So every time they stepped on the ice, they weren't just winning. They were blowing away their opponents.","So it's safe to say any sane hockey analyst (laughter) basically would have said that the Lightning was going to win the series, right?So what happened?","(Laughter) Well, I think Lightning defenseman Ryan McDonagh put it best. Everything that they did so well in the regular season, the Columbus Blue Jackets did it better in this series. But the bigger picture is this for the Lightning. They clinched a playoff spot in early March. They've been on cruise control for months. The Columbus Blue Jackets had to win seven of their last eight games just to get into the playoffs. So when push came to shove and adversity hit in the series, the Lightning had a bad six days compared to a great 82 games in the regular season, and then they were swept."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"safe to say\" in line 3 - The phrase \"safe to say\" is being used idiomatically here to express the idea that it is highly likely or almost certain that any sane hockey analyst would have predicted the Tampa Bay Lightning to win the series, rather than a literal guarantee of safety.","questions":"What phrase is being used idiomatically to express the idea that it is highly likely for the Tampa Bay Lightning to win the series?","answer":"Safe"}
{"text":["Yeah. And you know, it - so what they're studying - so I could gush about the animals for a long time, but there's actual science going on here. And the idea is to understand sort of how muscles work and how our skeletons help us move. And engineers are collaborating with them to make better robots, and they have sort of influence on people looking for treatments for movement disorders in people.","I mean, this is a really basic biology happening here, but you need to have all these kinds of animals to compare how a guinea fowl runs versus how an emu runs or - and so they also have, you know, really cool gadgets. So there's like a huge X-ray machine that takes X-ray video and high-speed cameras everywhere.","And. . .","It's sort of like a visual dream."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"make better robots\" - In this context, making better robots refers to improving the design and functionality of robots by studying how animals move. The literal meaning of make is to create something physically, but in this case, it refers to designing robots.","questions":"Which aspect of animal movement is being studied to improve the design of robots?","answer":"movement"}
{"text":["Well, it's a heck of a lot more. So the total incentive package, when you include some training grants and other things like that, is $7 million over 10 years that they're being offered now. What critics are complaining about is that it appears from a certain perspective that the state is essentially rewarding Carrier, even as it ships some of the jobs to Mexico anyway. From another perspective, they're retaining, you know, a thousand jobs at least. And those jobs do produce revenue for the state through state income taxes and sales tax, and the state would argue that it - and Mike Pence would argue - that they come out ahead still on that.","I'm wondering if that doesn't make sense to you, given the fact that if those employers just left the state, there'd be no tax revenue for the state of Indiana to tap, and even more people losing jobs.","This is the gray area of economic development. You know, how many of these workers would find other jobs in this state?And in terms of these incentives, you know, these don't even appear to be the primary factor in Carrier's decision to keep these jobs here.","Is it felt that the most persuasive argument was the fact that United Technologies, which is the parent company of Carrier is a federal contractor and needs to have good relations with the federal government, which Mr.  Trump's about to head?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The state is willing to provide a financial incentive to Carrier despite knowing that some jobs will still be leaving for Mexico.","questions":"How much is the financial incentive being offered to Carrier?","answer":"$7million"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . So the interest rates, your ability to borrow. And the chancellor has put a lot of emphasis on providing credit to new home buyers. House prices are up quite steeply in some parts of the U. K. , which gives everyone a short-term feeling of prosperity, and maybe it encourages them to spend. Where that leads to five years down the road is another question.","What do you think politicians are going to make of this?And I mean in the U. S.  as much as the U. K.","Well, it's interesting. A couple of years ago, the U. K.  debate about austerity was quite relevant to the United States. Now I think it seems very distant. We've somewhat put our budget woes behind us. Now, I understand that there's no perfect long-term budget deal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implies that the speaker is asking for the other person's opinion about the political implications of the current situation.","questions":"Which opinion is PersonB being asked for in turn 2?","answer":"politicians'opinion"}
{"text":["So we have detected neutrinos, and we have modeled them in such a way to convince us that they are not the dark matter. However, there are lab experiments going on looking for possible dark matter annihilation products. Now what does that mean?That means that - remember, we're in the dark about dark matter. We don't know what the real theory behind it is.","One possibility of the many, many possibilities that are - literally there is, you know, dozens of papers published on this every month about what could dark matter be. One of the possibilities is that dark matter decays somehow to some kind of regular, standard-model particle, and if it does do that, then we may be able to catch those decay products.","So for example, one possibility is we could detect neutrinos that were leftover after dark matter annihilated or decayed. And the way we would know those neutrinos are from dark matter and not from the sun is that they would be coming up from the center of the Earth. So they'd be coming from the wrong direction. And so there's experiments right now underway to try to catch these putative products of dark matter decay in the lab, and thus far, they have not really been successful.","So it's easier to look out into the galaxies and do it - experiment that way."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This phrase does not mean that the speaker is physically in a dark place or lacks light. It figuratively means that there is a lack of understanding or knowledge about dark matter.","questions":"Which word is used figuratively in turn 0 to describe a lack of understanding or knowledge about dark matter?","answer":"dark"}
{"text":["What would happen in a civil contempt is that you would basically be trying to hold the attorney general - get a court order that he was in contempt. And the court would have a hearing. And Justice Department would intervene, and they would fight the contempt citation. And then the court would have a ruling. And that's how the process kind of operates theoretically. What normally happens is the court does not like to step into executive legislative disputes, and they will urge both sides to try to accommodate one another. I think it would only be if the court determined that the Justice Department was really in bad faith would they then hold the attorney general in contempt.","Let me ask you this. If this matter does land in court, if litigation is actively pursued, that could take months. It could take years even. And if the goal is to get information from Attorney General William Barr, how is this an effective strategy?Pursuing a contempt case could result in a huge delay, right?","I think the reality is is that the rules of subpoenas right now as we're discussing in many ways work in favor of the executive for the exact reason that you are hinting at in your question, which is they can run the clock. They can probably run the clock on the enforcement question for months, if not years. And they might be able to even run it up to the next election.","Right. So if the White House intends to stonewall, do you think it's even a wise strategy on the part of the Democrats right now to be talking about contempt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : bad faith implies that the Justice Department is acting improperly and knows they are doing so","questions":"What does bad faith imply in relation to the Justice Department's actions?","answer":"Improperly"}
{"text":["Hi, Alex.","So, Barack Obama doesn't actually take office for about two more months. So is it fair to call Mumbai a test for him?","Well, obviously the tremendous economic crisis the country's going through is something that threatens to derail Obama's train before it leaves the station in terms of his inauguration on January 20th. But Alex, when you think about the terrorist attack in Mumbai, what you have is a situation where this has been identified by the American public as a potential point of weakness. The Bush administration has also said that when it comes to vulnerability, there's a pattern with terrorists identifying moments of political transition as prime for attacks. So in so many ways, this is a test for the president-elect, and what we've seen so far is the president-elect being quite aware of it. He had a briefing from Secretary of State Rice on Thanksgiving Day over the phone on the situation. They have established a team of people from the Obama transition team to interact with the State Department operation center. So right now, Barack Obama, I think, is finding himself having to be a quick study, but a quick study with so much on the line - literally the safety of the world.","And Juan, what is the protocol here for how a president-elect handles a situation like this while there is still a current president in office?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Obama is being tested to see if he is capable of successfully managing a crisis.","questions":"What is the potential weakness identified by the American public and the Bush administration that makes Mumbai a test for Obama?","answer":"Vulnerability"}
{"text":["Oh, God.","We figured there was a problem.","Long time ago. Listen, if functioning addicts are operating below the radar, I assume that they generally don't want people to know about their addiction. How much of a problem is it for them to maintain their anonymity?","It's frightening. I think that, you know, when you live in quiet desperation and there's always the person that's hiding their alcohol or around the corner drinking what they do, others, with their medications or their pills. They don't want other folks to find out. I mean, it's a quiet illness until finally people do notice. But there's fear around it. I mean, fear of being caught of fear of being tested or ultimately, when the body gives out, secondary complications where physicians will say what are you using, what are you doing for your organs to be giving out like this. So there's ultimately not only denial that's going on, but obviously, a lot of pain that goes with it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A and the others are aware of the problem.","questions":"Which individuals are aware of the problem?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Abortion. Abortion.","Really?","Because it's such a driving issue, a lot of one-issue abortion voters. The courts are determining what's legal in abortion. We see now that the court has got these new two conservative members to the Supreme Court and the lower courts. That's why you see states now pushing ahead with their tough abortion restrictions because they think that they can get these upheld. So I do think abortion - school prayer. Ronald Reagan played on school prayer when he was running. And these were the kind of things that conservatives vote on. These are important to them.","These are these sort of moral and cultural issues that they are interested in, consumed by to some regard. And so the courts have just been more important to them. You do see Democrats reacting now. There's new groups springing up. Demand Justice is a new group that was started to kind of make Democrats more aware of the potency of the court and the importance and why Democrats should be more interested in voting on it. I do think, in this election, Democrats are going to talk a lot more about the Supreme Court than they have in the past."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Abortion is a controversial and politically charged topic.","questions":"Which issue is driving a lot of one-issue abortion voters?","answer":"Abortion"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And again, with this fresh production, I think - it's like that Emily Dickinson quote: Tell the truth, but tell it slant. \"I think that is originally what Tennessee Williams was getting at with the idea of plastic theater; that it does not have to be a literal expression of the truth. You can come at it from an angle. And what's beautiful here is that John Tiffany, I think, takes that literally and created this abstract set with Bob Crowley. And what's also interesting to me, Scott, is that John is English, and Bob Crowley, the set designer, is Irish. And John said to me, you know, doing Tennessee Williams in America is like an American stage director doing Shakespeare in the UK. And this season there we have Pinter, we have Beckett, there are revivals of Shakespeare - but Tennessee Williams is the only American playwright being revived on Broadway in the fall.","With all due regard to Beckett and Shakespeare and the other fine playwrights you mentioned, I'd put Tennessee Williams up against all seven or eight of them.","I would too. I would too.","Barbara Chai of the Wall Street Journal. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2).  When B says \"With all due regard to Beckett and Shakespeare and the other fine playwrights you mentioned, I'd put Tennessee Williams up against all seven or eight of them,\" they are not actually suggesting that they would pit Tennessee Williams in a physical or competitive sense against other playwrights. Rather, they are expressing their high regard for Tennessee Williams as a playwright and suggesting that they consider him to be on par with, or even superior to, other great playwrights like Beckett and Shakespeare. This is a common expression used to convey a high level of respect or admiration for someone or something, without actually implying a literal competition.","questions":"How does PersonB express their high regard for Tennessee Williams?","answer":"High"}
{"text":["What options are open now for the United States to undertake this week, this month, if necessary?","Yeah. I think what the United States really has to concentrate on now is the root cause of the humanitarian catastrophe that is engulfing all of Syria's neighbors, to say nothing of Syria itself. The real driver behind this is the practice of the Assad regime, which was described in a U. N.  report released on the 4th of June as systematic crimes against humanity. And the main one is the shelling of populated areas not under regime control. The use of artillery, aircraft, even scud missiles to terrorize people in these urban areas and in these towns and villages - this is what's driving the humanitarian crisis. And this is what I think the United States really has to take a look at in terms of a response. The response may be timed to some ultimate finding about chemical weapons use but the danger is that the chemical weapons then can become a distractor here. What's really right in front of our face right now is a humanitarian catastrophe that is engulfing not only Syria but its neighbors.","Ambassador Frederic Hof, who's now with the Atlantic Council. Thank you so much, sir, for coming in.","Scott, it's been a real pleasure. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The literal meaning of turn (1) is a request for information about the options available to the United States at present. The implied meaning, however, is that the speaker is concerned about the situation in Syria and is looking for possible courses of action that the United States could take to address the root cause of the humanitarian crisis there. The speaker believes that the Assad regime's practice of shelling populated areas not under its control is the main driver behind the crisis and that this should be the focus of the United States' response.","questions":"Which organization is Ambassador Frederic Hof now associated with?","answer":"Atlantic"}
{"text":["Right. You have this really shocking statistic in your article where you say that personal consumption amounts to 70 percent of the American economy.","Yeah, that's right. Basically, we are the engine of our own economy. And for far too long apparently, we've just been swiping our Visa cards willy nilly and pumping up this economy. The worry is that when we stop doing that, which is what's happening, our economy is going to sag.","So you went out to see if it was sagging. You went to the Mall of America. What did you find?","The most ambitious mall in the United States, the mall that is doing the most to put you in the fugue state that allows you to spend. They're up against it at the Mall of America. What I found was a lot of people who weren't shopping all that much and a lot of people that were counting their pennies in a way that they never had before."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : So you went out to see if the economy was going down in terms of less people spending money.","questions":"Which mall did PersonA visit?","answer":"America"}
{"text":["And there was \"Hip-Hop: Hot On The Runway,\" which was - HOT107. 9 had a fashion show with a lot of artists, yeah, at Compound, with Ray J.  Whitney Huston showed up. This is the live music scene as of last night. But at that same last event, at Compound, someone got shot. And there was incredible security at all of these events.","You go in there and you have to pass two or three people. And you know, the crowd is not - you can't say it was all young kids at Compound or it was - you couldn't even point out who in the audience could have done that because it was a very mixed crowd, in a lot of ways in terms, of economic strata and that kind of thing.","And in the end of the night, as a matter of fact, I woke up the next morning and saw on the news that someone was shot there. The guy was in critical condition at this time. So, you know, it's rough, but the same time, those were great events, three events in one night. And that is not atypical in Atlanta, you know, on a given week.","You know, do you think it is affecting the scene?And certainly violence isn't limited to hip-hop clubs, and it isn't new, but does it affect the ability of the audiences to go out?Or are they just like, hey, this is part of what it is and I am willing to go out anyway?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Atlanta has a busy and active live music scene with multiple events in a week despite occasional violence","questions":"How many events were there in Atlanta on a given week?","answer":"Multiple"}
{"text":["Antivirus experts are calling Flame one of the most complex threats ever discovered. Once a machine is infected, the operator of the malware can expand its functionality almost like adding apps to a smartphone. Its operators sent out another app with orders to erase it this week, leaving no tracks behind.","Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?","Well, different from the average run-of-the-mill malware that criminals use?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California.\" - The literal meaning is that Kim Zetter is joining the radio show from Oakland and is writing a book about Stuxnet. The implied meaning is that Kim Zetter is a reputable and knowledgeable expert on cybercrime and security, and her insights will be valuable to the discussion.","questions":"Which expert is currently writing a book about Stuxnet?","answer":"Flame"}
{"text":["No, I think this will be about fact. That's why I added a number of authors and historians to this commission. When these monuments were erected, they were to celebrate but also, I think, to intimidate individuals, as well. They were there to continue to convey what I think is, you know, alternative facts and history. At the end of the day, these individuals defended a time and a purpose that would probably have me and my ancestors in bondage. And that should not go untold.","Some, though, would say this is a cop-out. New Orleans has torn down a number of its Confederate monuments. The city of Charlottesville, Va. , voted to sell its statue of Robert E.  Lee. Why not remove these statues?","Well, first I will say that our monuments commission will obviously listen to all sides. They'll listen to those who think that we may be trying to rewrite history. We're going to listen to people who think that we should remove the monuments. My charge to the commission is to tell the whole truth. For some, this was the third rail in Richmond politics - that you can never touch Monument Avenue. And I think that right now this is an opportunity for us and a responsibility for us to write the next new chapter for the city of Richmond.","Levar Stoney, the Democratic mayor of Richmond, Va.  We've been checking in with him throughout his first year in office. And we will be doing so as the year rolls on. Thank you so much for joining us.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The monuments were meant to intimidate and convey alternative facts and history.","questions":"What was the purpose of the monuments?","answer":"Celebrate"}
{"text":["Well, there was a line of thunderstorms that was moving across Oklahoma. And most people were aware of it. But it spun up this brief tornado called a QLCS tornado. These are the specific kinds of tornadoes that happen in these lines of thunderstorms. And they're known for being brief and weak. But they're also known for coming with very little warning.","And this came at night. It only stayed on the ground for just four minutes. It was only 75 yards wide. But it hit right at this point - if you look on either one side or the other side of this 75-yard section, there's a car lot and a boat lot. It hit a motel and a trailer park. So two people died, and it was terrible.","And do you know what the situation is today in El Reno, how they're doing?","Well, they had already activated their severe weather plan. And this town is well-practiced because it was hit just six years ago by the largest tornado on record. They were already dealing with flooding that had happened earlier in the week. The governor of Oklahoma visited today. And President Donald Trump did call Governor Kevin Stitt while he was out and about saying that the nation's prayers were with Oklahoma.","And I imagine everybody who was in this trailer park has had to find somewhere else to stay for the meantime."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : El Reno has experienced severe weather before and is prepared for it","questions":"What kind of tornado hit the motel and trailer park in El Reno?","answer":"QLCS"}
{"text":["So this will help the basketball players and then also the track events. But the good thing is obviously with these developments - the wheelchairs (unintelligible) through the people, you know, everyday people that use wheelchairs, and it will mean it's more lightweight for them to lift, say, in and out of vehicles.","And some of this stuff then filters in back to the general public.","Yeah, I mean, and that's a great thing, you know, the flow sort of from elite to high street, as we refer to it, is great. So you start seeing that, for example, with push bikes. We see a lot of that now available, helmet design from bikes, you say that. Swimwear is another thing that we see a lot of technology flowing into the high street.","Let's talk about swimwear because there was a kind of swimwear that was used and is now banned, and something new is taking its place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"the flow sort of from elite to high street\" - The literal meaning of \"elite to high street\" refers to the movement of trends or products from exclusive or high-end markets to more accessible ones. The intended meaning is that technology used in elite sports is being adapted for use by everyday people.","questions":"How is technology flowing into the high street?","answer":"Technology"}
{"text":["Oh, yeah. There's just devastation to all the homes. Power lines are down, broken by trees. Just devastation everywhere. I mean, mold in the homes is already setting in. Just everything is destroyed.","Alison, do you worry about some of the chemicals and the detritus that's left behind?","I do worry about the chemicals. You know, none of us are by any means professionals, but there's fiberglass in the insulation. There's mold. We don't know if there's sewage covering, you know, these belongings are anything, but we do the best we can by wearing masks and gloves. And that's pretty much all we can do for now because you can't wait long to clean these homes up or it just gets worse. So we're doing the best we can now with the tools we have available to us.","Yeah. Alison Reagan, let me ask you. People in Houston and the rest of Southeast Texas have have won so much admiration from Americans this week for reacting to these terrible events with such courage and pluck. Is there something you learned about human beings, about your neighbors and strangers this week that you'd like to pass on to us?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Asking if people are concerned about the potential health risks caused by the debris and contamination left behind.","questions":"How does Alison describe the tools they have available to them for cleaning up the homes?","answer":"tools"}
{"text":["The African nation of Gambia may see its own peaceful transition of power but only after weeks of negotiation and threats of military intervention. After initially accepting election results that voted him out of office, the reigning president of 22 years then refused to concede for weeks - until today. When facing international pressure and dwindling support, reports came that he has agreed to step down. Ruth Maclean is the West African correspondent for The Guardian. She's in the capital of Banjul, Gambia. Ruth, thanks very much for being with us.","Thanks for having me.","And what did the president say today?","Well, the president said last night in a midnight broadcast that he would step down and that he would act in the interest of the Gambian people. And that was the last that we heard from him. But he is still in State House. He hasn't left the country yet, and he hasn't ceded power as far as we know.","So I guess it's premature to ask who would replace him."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : is asking for the president's statement today, but the actual meaning is asking for an update on the situation. ","questions":"What was the reason for the president's delay in conceding the election?","answer":"Refused."}
{"text":["Look, I think the president's actually been very clear about the things that he wants. He wants to address border security, he wants to deal with chain migration, and he wants to deal with the lottery. And he's certainly willing to provide legal status for DREAMers. So if those are your four principle points and they've been known for months, there ought to be a way to reach an agreement.","Border security means a wall?","It means border security. The president's acknowledged he's not talking about a wall from sea to shining sea. But it does require physical structures in a lot of places. Back in 2006, Congress actually voted for about twice the amount of physical barriers that we have today - so finishing that off, rebuilding parts of it. But again, as both General Kelly and the president acknowledged, we're not talking about a wall across the entire length of the border. But we are calling for much more intense border security.","Representative Tom Cole of Oklahoma, thanks for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is asking for clarification about what \"border security\" means, specifically if it means building a physical structure along the entire border.","questions":"Which Congressman's name is mentioned at the end of the dialogue?","answer":"Cole"}
{"text":["And what do you serve?I said $5 bowls of cereal, but expand on that menu if you could.","We sell 120 different cereals from all over the world. So we import cereals from America, from New Zealand, from Australia, from France, from Israel. We import cereals from all over the world, so it's a real experience coming in here because the walls are just littered with cereal memorabilia, toys that you used to get in the boxes. It's a real experience.","Now, I don't for a moment expect you to identify with the people who attacked your store. But can you - can you see where fancy bowls of cereal would kind of fit into their agenda about the world, their neighborhood changing right before their eyes?","I can see their point, but there's also a Versace shop that has just opened up around the corner. They're complaining that people in the area can't afford to come here and afford four pounds for a meal. But there's a Versace shop open around the corner and I think it's - very, very few percent of people in this neighborhood would even be able to walk in there and buy anything. I know I couldn't."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The cost of the store's offerings is out of reach for most of the people in the neighborhood, while the Versace shop does not offer any affordable items.","questions":"What is the name of the expensive shop that recently opened around the corner?","answer":"Versace"}
{"text":["Wow.",". . . Actually the night he died. So he was a very well-respected young person by our staff, by our students and our community. And, you know, it was a very shame that that did happen.","I'm so impressed. I gather the youngsters themselves in your school came up with the idea of electing them king and queen. I got to tell you. . .","Yeah, you know, you think about social media as something that's bad sometimes. Well, they - her friends and his friends kind of started a little social media thing and the adults weren't even totally aware. And they wanted to - they wanted to have them be king and queen. Now, it wasn't, you know, the whole school. It wasn't everybody. It was a very tight group of kids that really. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Actually the night he died. So he was a very well-respected young person by our staff, by our students and our community. And, you know, it was a very shame that that did happen. Implicated Meaning: A is providing additional information or context about the person who died. The phrase \"actually the night he died\" implies that there is a specific event or incident being referred to, and A is emphasizing the significance and respect the person had before their death. The phrase \"it was a very shame that that did happen\" implies a sense of regret or sadness about the event.","questions":"How was the person who died regarded by the community?","answer":"Respected"}
{"text":["How concerned are you, if at all, about the fact that the changes will now mean that the president, the head of the party, George Bush, will not be attending the convention, not be giving an address as he was scheduled to tonight, nor will Dick Cheney?","Well, I'm, you know, I was kind of halting between two opinions about that, whether the president would be there. I don't think that that would change very much. Of course, if you noticed, the president has not been very, very involved in the campaign of Senator McCain so far as public appearances. So that - and of course, that cemented my decision not to go, because when the president and the vice president was going to go, you know - and I feel that I have an obligation to the citizens that I serve as a committee person to be back home. The whole team didn't need to go.","Had the president and vice president gone, are you saying you would have gone then in that instance?","It would have been - in other words, the decision for me would have probably been harder for me to make the decision. But it was easy knowing that President Bush wasn't going to go."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker did not want to go to the convention even if the president and the vice president were going to attend.","questions":"What was the reason for the PersonA's decision not to attend the convention?","answer":"President"}
{"text":["And a few facts to guard those younger than you and me. Britain seized the Falklands in 1833, illegal then and illegal now, according to Argentina, which calls them the Malvinas. Every Argentine school child learns Islas Malvinas son Argentinas, but the roughly 3,200 residents adamantly insist they and the Falklands are and will always be British. But Jackson Diehl, none of that has changed since the end of the war three decades ago. Why has this dispute reemerge now?","I think it has to do with Argentine politics more than anything else. The reason the Argentine junta in 1982, military generals in charge at the time, invaded the Falklands, was they were desperate to distract popular attention from the fact that the economy was tanking and that they were losing their legitimacy. Now we have a civilian government in power, which, to its credit, doesn't want to invade the Falklands, but it has the same difficult economic problems again and it has the same problems with potentially losing legitimacy at home. And this is a very easy way to distract people.","This time, though, there is no hint of military action.","There isn't. And I think the interesting thing about this government is they have cut the Argentine military budget so severely in the last few years that even if Argentina wanted to invade the Falklands, they would be incapable of doing so. So that's one good thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a euphemism or understatement to convey a more significant or sensitive message.","questions":"What message might the speaker be trying to convey with their euphemism or understatement in turn 3?","answer":"Sensitive"}
{"text":["That will vary tremendously among fields, but the simple story is, it'll take awhile. So, even the most wildly optimistic assessment would say that, even if we started drilling now, we won't really see any oil for five years. So, the U. S.  Geological Survey looked at, for example, the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, and even if we started drilling today, we wouldn't really start to produce significant quantities of oil for a decade.","Robert, I know you're familiar with the ongoing debate about energy resources in this country. What we should do?Drill now?Don't drill now?You're a nonpartisan. You're a scientist. How do you view this argument between, really, the Republicans and the Democrats?","You know, the question for this country, for policy is, how will we ensure that we have energy over the next 20 years?To do that, we have a finite amount of capital that we can invest in the energy industry. It's highly unlikely that investing that money in offshore oil and gas drilling will ensure that we have sufficient supplies of energy 10 and 20 years from now. We've tried that experiment in the past. Despite all those wells drilled, domestic oil and gas production continued to decline. So, in hindsight, that money was not effectively spent.","Robert Kaufmann, director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Studies at Boston University. Robert, thank you.","Oh, you're welcome."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Drilling for oil takes a long time and won't immediately solve our energy problems.","questions":"How long would it take to see significant quantities of oil even if drilling started today in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge?","answer":"Decade"}
{"text":["Well, I think a lot of people think after such a long stretch of economic growth, we're due for a recession. It's often said by economists that expansions don't die of old age. They have to be murdered, usually by the Fed or financial crisis.","(Laughter).","So that might happen. There are some warning signs out there. We had a bad job market report. We'll get more - another glimpse of the job market report at the end of this week. Manufacturing is soft. But one thing that's interesting is some people worry that long periods of steady growth, low rates and rising stock prices breed complacency, and that could end badly.","OK, David. Thanks so much. That's David Wessel."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : long stretch in this context means a long era ","questions":"What does \"long stretch\" refer to in the context of the dialogue?","answer":"Economic"}
{"text":["I mean, well, first of all, it's a real place. It's called Highclere. So when it's blown up to the big screen, it's not like a set that looks chintzy and you can see the seams. This is a real dining room, a real library. And you see some of the grounds. The grounds, it turns out - I didn't know this - were landscaped by a man with one of my favorite names, Capability Brown.","(Laughter) Love that.","He's a famous landscape architect. And he did the original Highclere grounds. And they look great.","I was amazed, watching it, at how many plotlines they were able to squeeze in. I left, like, counting them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : I left counting them means there were so many of them, not that I actually counted them.","questions":"What does \"I left counting them\" imply?","answer":"Many"}
{"text":["Companies like Morgan Stanley, UBS, GE Financial, American Express all plan to use this new facility, and industrial companies will probably follow suit. Now, usually, this is not a market that the government has had any role in, at least as a direct lender. It used to be that these IOU's were bought by financial institutions, money market, mutual funds, and the like. The loans weren't too sexy, they weren't very risky, and the interest rate wasn't anything to write home about.","But all that changed after the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Holders of commercial paper started worrying that these corporate IOU's weren't so safe, so they stopped buying them. And then perfectly healthy businesses have been since finding it difficult and expensive to get hold of cash. So now, the Fed will become the lender of last resort yet again and try to jump start lending by others.","And then so - and loosen the credit, the credit crunch. And so, is this move - will it be more promising than all the others we've seen so far to try to loosen credit?","You know, in short, the answer is yes, with the caveat of probably. Every economist I've talked to or seen quoted today thinks this is a pretty safe move by the Fed. The government simply has to get financial institutions back to lending money more than a day at a time."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Commercial paper holders stopped buying IOU's due to safety concerns after Lehman Brothers' collapse","questions":"What event caused commercial paper holders to stop buying IOU's?","answer":"Lehman"}
{"text":["I think one of the reasons, Tony, that we're seeing so of many of these come to light has, really, nothing to do with the fact that people are being - that this is happening more often so much as it is the fact that people are just paying attention to it more. You know, you watch the news and somebody says, oh, there's a stolen car ring. Now, all of a sudden, everybody's watching for people breaking into cars. Well, people break into cars every day. But when you hear about it on the news, people start paying attention.","There have always been Ponzi schemes. This is not new. This has been going on forever. It has been happening to investors. It'll continue to go on, but we're just aware of because the Madoff scandal was so large and so visible.","You know, it's funny. I was listening to your description of the Ponzi scheme - as our time is running out - and I couldn't help but think that there must be somebody listening to your description who is saying, wow, the stimulus package, that sounds like a Ponzi scheme to me.","The government covering its own losses by printing more money back, which covers losses in which it prints more money. Hey, you know, you could make that - I'm not going to make that argument, but somebody might."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Ponzi schemes have been around for a long time and will continue to exist.","questions":"Which financial fraud has always been present?","answer":"Ponzi."}
{"text":["That was just - what I did, I picked students that I've had in class before. I'm a business education teacher. So I made sure they were students that really were comfortable with the computer and they could get the information that I needed. So I really just gave them - I rented my classroom out for - actually I did it for two Saturdays. And I had five students come in each time. And I just gave them topics that I wanted questions about. And then I just had one or two of those students verify the information, and then I went back over and I verified it as well.","You've got a company now called Jornic DVD Games. What are your plans in terms of the company?Are you going to try and put out more titles?","Absolutely. After - I'm looking at putting out one more title before the Christmas holiday, but I haven't decided. I'm looking at a couple, but I haven't made a decision yet.","You're still going to teach, and you're going to try to design more games. Are you afraid that, you know, are you afraid of losing your shirt in business?Because you know, there's nothing guaranteed."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A rented out her classroom to students to collect information for her business.","questions":"Which teacher rented out her classroom?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["About the South, I think what's missing is an attention to the ways that we have progressed but the paradox of that progress here for many folks. We're not getting to those deep structures because the South is so glittery now. We have Starbucks, and we have Whole Foods. And there are cranes in the sky, as Solange Knowles would say, all across the South. We're in the newest New South. There are lots of stories about growth and progress. But, again, at what cost?On whose backs?","And so about Memphis, I think what we miss is that because we have seemingly healed in the form of a museum, in the form of commemoration, in the form of reckoning with this assassination that we're on the upswing, that we're moving forward. But as I mentioned earlier, I feel that time has stood still and gone backwards and circled around us in a lot of ways here and that what gets missed is that there are people in the middle of this play of politics, in the middle of this history who are crushed but that still are striving in ways that are remarkable and beautiful. There is joy. There is dancing. There is singing. Sometimes, I hop into a church just to hear the sounds of joy that come out. And I think that gets lost in the way that we talk about the city in the national media.","Zandria Robinson is a sociology professor at Rhodes College and a Memphis native. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Memphis has a rich culture and community that is often overlooked in national media coverage.","questions":"Which city is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Memphis"}
{"text":["I was making decisions in my life that went against everything that I was raised to believe. And. . .","Like what?What kind of decisions?","Specifically religion - the religion that I was raised in. And I was disagreeing with it heavily. It was my whole world and everything that I was taught.","Did they understand?Even though it was painful, did they understand why you had to make that decision to break away?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Whole world\" is an exagerraiton, most likely. It means that religion was a huge force in her younger life.","questions":"What was the main force in PersonA's younger life?","answer":"Religion"}
{"text":["So these are microorganisms. They're a little under a millimeter in size. They have four legs. And a lot of people think they look like bears, hence the name water bear. They are found everywhere on Earth, from jungles, to the top of the Himalayas, to the Antarctic. And as you had mentioned, they can survive pretty much any sort of environment, from extremely hot temperatures to extremely cold temperatures. They can survive in the vacuum of space. They're pretty much indestructible.","And how did a few thousand of them potentially end up on the moon?","A non-profit organization called the Arch Mission Foundation sent a lunar library to the surface of the moon with the Beresheet lander.","The Beresheet lander. This is an Israeli mission."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Everywhere on Earth\" sounds like exaggeration. It implies that they can survive in all sorts of different extreme conditions.","questions":"Which word implies that water bears can survive in different extreme conditions?","answer":"Everywhere"}
{"text":["I can imagine someone being stunned for a moment by being struck by an object, especially at a high speed like that. But I don't understand that because if there was over a minute when the throttle was advanced farther than it should've been and - you know, things happen when you're an engineer. You should be used to them. So I - it doesn't really seem to me like that's a probable cause, but we'll have to wait and see.","I don't have to tell you, Mr.  Hughes, that the crash and the deaths of eight people have set off a debate - those who say the derailment says Amtrak needs more money, others who say Amtrak isn't - is wasting a lot of the money that it gets. Recognizing there are no guarantees, would greater government funding have perhaps meant this derailment wouldn't happen?","It might have. The thing that is important here is Amtrak doesn't have any discretionary money. Every penny they get goes into something that's really important, especially capital money like this. And so I would think that money played some part in it in that when Amtrak has to do large projects, they have to space them out in smaller parts over multiple years. And I don't know the facts in this case, but I do know that that is true with a number of large capital projects. You just can't do them quickly 'cause the funding isn't there.","When you were in charge, Mr.  Hughes, did you find it hard to get funding for Amtrak, a lot of skepticism and doubt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Did you find it difficult to convince people to give Amtrak the necessary funding it needed?","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue discusses the possibility of money playing a part in the cause of the derailment?","answer":"(2)"}
{"text":["The most significant news, I think on the Republican side, was that two states, Kansas and Louisiana, shot across the bow of John McCain by saying they were not ready to endorse the idea that he was the nominee. Washington State was called for John McCain with some of the vote yet to be counted and not too much of a margin for John McCain. But the state party chairman out there said they had seen enough caucus counting and they were going to away half the state's delegates to John McCain then do the rest in a primary that's coming up in a few weeks.","Now, that's already been protested by the Huckabee campaign, which was hoping to get a sweep, like Barack Obama, of all the events on the ballot on Saturday to the Republicans.","So parse out for us this delegate situation on the Democratic side. What's the state of play right now in terms of who has how many.","Well, it's a big scoreboard and there are a lot of different numbers on it and they do move around a fair amount. But let's start with the ones that are pretty certain that aren't going to change. That's the number of pledged delegates won so far. These are the delegates that are allocated to each candidate on the basis of the results of each primary or caucus. So in this station, where we stand now, Hillary Clinton has 893 from all the states that have voted so far on the Democratic side, and Barack Obama has 952."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"big scoreboard\" - This is a metaphor used to describe the current state of the delegate count.","questions":"Which metaphor is used to describe the current state of the delegate count?","answer":"Big"}
{"text":["You mean the wall, the proposed wall.","Correct - fencing. And I believe that, in terms of targeting sanctuary cities, I think law enforcement - local law enforcement should refer to federal authorities people who they detain, undocumented immigrants who have criminal record. So I support that. At the same time, I do believe that we need to find a way to deal constructively with undocumented immigrants, the majority of whom pose no threat to our communities. And right now the Republican Party seems to be stuck, not willing to deal constructively with undocumented immigrants. And that's the key. So I'm hopeful that, you know, if we secure the border, we remove undocumented immigrants who have criminal records - that, eventually, Congress could deal in a more humane, constructive way with undocumented immigrants.","Just very briefly, do you think that this bill is a nonstarter?","I think so. I think it's not going anywhere. I think he did it to please his base, to energize his base. But, frankly, it goes nowhere."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  A: \"I think he did it to please his base, to energize his base. But, frankly, it goes nowhere.\"  The literal meaning of \"it goes nowhere\" is that the bill will not physically move or go anywhere. However, in this context, it means that the bill will not be successful or gain support.","questions":"Which base?","answer":"His"}
{"text":[". . . which has its own problems. Arranged marriages are - people are speaking up for them nowadays.","Well, you know, I mean, that that is the time. The woman - he asked the hand of this woman, his late 20s. But this is also because of that, that you can have this kind of melodrama. I mean, \"Romeo and Juliet\" today, it cannot happen because if the father of Juliet today say to Juliet, you cannot marry Romeo; and she say, I don't care. And she will go out and marry him anyway. And if she marries him, then there is no more love story anymore. You know, they marry; then they had a - lots of children.","You know, imagine Romeo and Juliet and they have like, 12 kids. Who would care about their story, you know?","Romeo and Juliet go to Costco. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Arranged marriages are - people are speaking up for them nowadays.\" The literal meaning of this turn is that arranged marriages have some problems, but people are starting to support them nowadays. However, the actual meaning is that arranged marriages are controversial and people have different opinions about them.","questions":"What is the actual meaning of PersonB's statement about arranged marriages?","answer":"Controversial"}
{"text":["Now, in both the Enron case and the Madoff situation, they're very different in some ways, but they both benefited at least for a time from the fact that a lot of people don't understand finance, and it's very difficult to understand. What do you think people need to do who are not financiers to understand why is it important to even understand the issue of finance, white-collar crime, and all of this?","White-collar crime matters because it affects all of us. Even if you happen to be a blue-collar person, you undoubtedly get affected one way or another - your investments, your company, your suppliers, your neighbors. Everyone gets affected by serious white-collar crime, and the old joke is, right, you walk into a bank with a gun, steal $50,000, they send you away for 10 years. You steal $50 million in some sort of white-collar crime thing, and you get, you know, five minutes and a warning from the judge.","I mean, that's an exaggeration. But that's the kind of thing that for years has annoyed people, including me. And somehow the - because there's been now so much of the stuff has surfaced, and there's such conscientiousness about it and in the case of Madoff largely because he scammed people that members of the media know. So you get really angry when your friends go down. I mean, I don't have any friends who were in there, but a lot of people in my business. . .","Right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : send you away means they put you in prison, not just put you on a flight or mail you like a package","questions":"How long do they send you away for if you rob a bank with a gun?","answer":"10"}
{"text":["The whistleblower still has not met with lawmakers or staff from those committees. The whistleblower's lawyers had been waiting for interim security clearances from the government so that they can accompany their client in any interviews or meetings with Congress. I'm told that those interim security clearances have come through, that they came through and took effect today, so that's a step forward. A source tells me that talks on setting up meetings with congressional committees are still taking place at this point, and there is no date set as of yet.","Another front to ask you about, Ryan, which is - three House committees today subpoenaed the Pentagon and the White House budget office. Do we know what they were subpoenaing, what they want?","Well, the House Intelligence, the House Oversight and the House Foreign Affairs Committees have been busy in the past week or so issuing subpoenas, all as part of this impeachment inquiry. They've already subpoenaed the White House and the State Department, as well as President Trump's personal attorney Rudy Giuliani.","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's not a front, but a different part of the government that is being asked about.","questions":"How is the government entity being subpoenaed referred to?","answer":"Oversight."}
{"text":["Well, what we're flying in are what people call the Van Allen radiation belt - have to get a plug-in for Iowa, there, since Van Allen was from the University of Iowa. And this is a region of, sort of, doughnut-shaped, very energetic particles which surrounds our planet. There's actually two of them, sort of these rings around us, which are very high-energy particles. And that - when they're that high energy, we call them radiation. And this is a - this radiation can damage satellites or be unhealthy for astronauts. And so it's a region that most satellites try to avoid or spend as little time in as possible. But we want to understand how they work better, so we had to build something that could go there and live there.","And this transfer of energy in these belts is actually what's causing the noise, right?","Exactly so. It's quite an interesting process. The waves are kind of like a - almost like a catalyst or a carrier of the energy. So they come about out of lower energy electrons, we know, and the grow up. And then they give their energy up as they fade away into higher energy electrons, which become the energetic particles that we called the radiation belts. So they kind of are a transport mechanism, if you will, from low energy to high energy, and thereby help create the radiation belts.","And where does the energy come from in the first place that feeds these belts?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The waves are responsible for creating the high-energy radiation in the Van Allen radiation belt.","questions":"Which waves are responsible for creating high-energy radiation?","answer":"Waves"}
{"text":["This is Day to Day. I'm Alex Cohen, and I am not ashamed to admit, this holiday season, some of my dear friends and family members will receive gifts which I previously received from someone else. It's called regifting. And with more on the topic, here's independent producer Vanessa Romo.","Chances are, opening presents around the Christmas tree tomorrow, you'll be surrounded by two types of people, regifters and those who believe regifters should be carted off to an igloo colony. I know which parka-wearing camp I'm in. But what about the rest of the world?Or rather, what about a random sample of coffee shop goers and gym worker outers.","Unidentified Woman #1: I teach etiquette to children and young adults. And regifting is one of my favorite topics.","Unidentified Man #1: Am I a regifter?Well, until five minutes ago, I imagined regifting was regiving a gift, but I wasn't too sure."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : to imagine something in this context means to think that something was right, but they might be wrong","questions":"Which man was unsure about the meaning of regifting?","answer":"Man"}
{"text":["I know as far as me in the glamour I always go back to self-responsibility. It really does have to start with the person. They have to make a choice to want to get educated about HIV, and learn about it. And I really think that people should realize that it's a 100 percent - 100 percent preventable disease. It's a disease you don't have to get. It is something you have to acquire. So, I really want people, you know, to get that in their head. Like, quit blaming, you know, the media, or rap videos, or you know, school systems. It really has to start with you.","If you had to describe in one word what keeps you going when you're down, what would it be?","Life. You know, just me. I'm my own motivation, I'm my own role model, you know, I love me, and I'm very happy, you know, that HIV presented itself in my life. You know, a lot of people would regret it or whatever, but it really taught me self-love, self-acceptance, and self-responsibility. And that's the best thing I could possibly ask for.","Well, Marvelyn, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Living with HIV has taught me to love and accept myself, and I am grateful for the experience.","questions":"Which disease is 100% preventable?","answer":"HIV"}
{"text":["From what we can tell, they've donated from - I think it was over a hundred countries in terms of geography. It just sort of struck a nerve across the world.","Why do you think that is?","I think a big part of it was that Tesla as a man is sort of someone that a lot of people, maybe, sympathized with because he's kind of a geek at heart. He's sort of this unsung hero, and he did all of these wonderful things for us and didn't really get much credit during his career. So with this sort of crowd funding campaign, it was almost an opportunity for the world to make it up to him.","What drew you to getting involved?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Tesla is an underappreciated hero and people sympathize with him through the crowdfunding campaign","questions":"What was the reason for people sympathizing with Tesla in the crowdfunding campaign?","answer":"Underappreciated"}
{"text":["Saudi Arabia's changing explanations over what really happened to Jamal Khashoggi culminated this week with Saudi prosecutors saying that Turkish evidence shows his killing was premeditated. How could this affect the relationship between the United States, Saudi Arabia and its crown prince, Mohammed bin Salman, or MBS as he's known?We're joined now by Robin Wright, a distinguished scholar at the Wilson Center and contributing writer for The New Yorker. Robin, thanks so much for being with us.","Great to be with you, Scott.","And let's begin with the crown prince. Is it possible he would lose power over the Khashoggi affair?","Well, there are four different options. One is that he stays in power, that the international furor eventually settles down, and he manages - kind of orchestrates his ability to stay on the throne. He is the de facto leader in Saudi Arabia because his father is aged and ailing. The second scenario is that he is replaced as crown prince, and there is precedent for that. Over the last three years, two other crown princes have been pushed aside in part to make room for him. There's a third option - that his powers are weakened, that the king appoints others in the royal family to assume some of the roles that MBS has managed to accumulate in his office over the last year and a half. And the fourth is that there's a kind of physical challenge as there was to King Faisal back in 1975."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There are four possible scenarios for the crown prince's future in Saudi Arabia.","questions":"Which number describes the possible options for the future of the crown prince in Saudi Arabia?","answer":"three"}
{"text":["So I'm going to plunge straight into another topic. That's gas prices. They rose more than six cents in one day following news of the damage to the Gulf Coast. There is a lot of oil industry there. Tropical Storm Ike also damaged that area.","Now, there is a question of whether or not folks are getting unfairly gouged. One gas station is said to have charged five dollars for a gallon of regular, and there are some other places in the damaged areas that don't even have gas. So is this price gouging?And I'm not just talking about the people in the effected areas, but people across the country.","There is some price gouging, I think, when you get to five dollars. On the other hand, when you're talking about what's happening with production, the fact is that there are almost immediate shortages. Gas stations have the gas that they have under their stations to pump, that's all they have. They have to get deliveries of other gas and it's more scarce, it costs them more.","So if someone decides, in anticipation of price rises, to raise the price on the gas under their station, that's not fair but it's somewhat reasonable. But when they take it from a few cents to five dollars, if it was being posted as $3. 65, which was the national average, and then you get up to five dollars, that does seem to be a bit much."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Gas stations may be charging unfair prices due to the damage caused by the storm.","questions":"Which topic did PersonB plunge straight into?","answer":"gas"}
{"text":["The British artist David Hockney is one of the most famous artists in the world. One of his works recently sold for $90 million, smashing the record for a living artist. But he's also led an extraordinary life, breaking barriers as a gay man and defying the expectations of the art world at every turn.","In the new novel, \"The Life Of David Hockney\" (ph), author Catherine Cusset imagines the thoughts, feelings and words of Hockney at pivotal periods in his life to try and puzzle out the man. She joins us now from our studios in New York. Thank you so much for being with us.","Well, thank you for inviting me.","In the forward to this book, you wrote that David Hockney took hold of you, which is why you wrote the novel. Explain what that means."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Author Catherine Cusset imagines the thoughts, feelings and words of Hockney are made from understanding of  David Hockney.","questions":"How did the author write her novel about David Hockney?","answer":"imagines"}
{"text":["Well, there's no secret about this. The chief justice has been very clear. He doesn't want the court to be seen as a partisan institution. The other members of the court, both liberal and conservative, go around saying that this isn't a partisan institution at all. That's the message they want to convey, which is sort of hard at the moment.","But is that possible in this day and age, when we know by their - in their own account, conservative Republicans have tried to win elections so they can win Supreme Court appointments and you have several Democrats running for president now on the issue of enlarging the court?","You know, I wish I knew whether it's even possible anymore to have a Supreme Court that doesn't look partisan. I had always thought you really could. But if you look at the two cases before the court that are overtly partisan, the gerrymandering case and the census case, both would structurally allow Republicans to entrench their power even more than they have in the last decade or two. And I think it gets harder to sell the court as an apolitical institution, which is, as I said, what every member of the Supreme Court still tries to do.","You know, I interviewed Justice Stevens about a month and a half ago for a piece about his new book. And even he, a lifetime Republican, although deemed a Liberal on the court, appointed by President Ford, said it was hard for him to see the current court as apolitical. He said he still has hope, and so do I, but it's difficult."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The gerrymandering and census cases before the Supreme Court would allow Republicans to increase their political power.","questions":"How would the gerrymandering and census cases affect Republicans?","answer":"Increase"}
{"text":["Well, as you might imagine, there are a variety of courses of action that the Department of Defense, specifically the commanders in Central Command, have provided to the president and the National Security staff. And they will take a look at those and put those in context vis-a-vis the diplomatic and political actions that are also occurring as this is going on and determine one or another. And they run the entire gamut from, you know, a non-lethal response to more lethal actions. . .","To forceful military response, right.","Yeah, taking out the service to air missile systems that are in the vicinity. Some of. . .","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There are multiple options for military action, and the president will choose one after considering diplomatic and political actions.","questions":"What will the president consider before choosing a military action?","answer":"Diplomatic"}
{"text":["I never had an apartment before, so just finally having my own place. And it was magical. It was gorgeous - beautiful tub. I never could use the tub because I was afraid of the roaches.","So unfortunately there's always like pros and cons to that, but it was mine. And I loved it like it was my baby. And I still miss that apartment even though there is bug issues. I miss it.","Well, it made me wonder why there aren't more songs like that in R&B. I mean, R&B is very dominated by relationships - right?- sex, relationships songs. But it does - it did make me wonder, why aren't there more songs about other milestones in R&B?Like, why is that?","Well, first of all, I'm thankful that people love new apartments so much because I always feel like my comfort zone is writing about romance and sex. But I think there's this narrative that the world just wants to hear about simple things and - or just extreme, like, sadness. I've just been broken up with or something like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A thinks that the world prefers simple or sad narratives over other themes.","questions":"Which theme does PersonA feel comfortable writing about?","answer":"Romance."}
{"text":["No, and to be honest, when we get into the 80s, people start taking off work because this is hot. This is, you know, incredible summer weather. We have to go enjoy it. And then so to make the jump up to 90 degrees was watercooler talk. Everybody - that's all you're talking about is how hot it got. Did you hear it got to 90 degrees?So this is a big deal for us.","Do you have air conditioning up there in Anchorage?","Most people don't in their homes. The office buildings do, naturally, but your regular home, my home doesn't. So I had to open windows. I have one little, tiny fan. You cannot find a fan on the shelves in stores in Anchorage. They're all bought up. As soon as they get some in, every store says they go out within an hour.","Well, how about the land around you?How prepared is it?I mean, I gather there are fires."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Fans are in high demand and difficult to find in Anchorage","questions":"What item is in high demand and difficult to find in Anchorage?","answer":"Fans"}
{"text":["And, of course, we have bioenergy here, too, and the debates about things like corn ethanol. That's another big contentious issue here in the Midwest. And one where, again, middle grounds might have to be found between groups that are in very different poles on that issue.","And what do you think is the most promising - again, the symbolic areas, those are always going to be difficult. But are there other conversations that could be had that, as you say, skirt the ideology?","Well, it's very interesting. Regardless of, you know, how you think of him politically, the Obama administration has actually done more, may be by accident - or may be on purpose - to think about, to take on climate change than all previous administrations, really, combined. Our CO2 emissions in the United States have gone down pretty dramatically in the last few years, partly because of the recession, of course, but partly because people are retooling and getting more efficient.","The American car fleet is getting lot more efficient. We finally got those CAFE standards going up again, which is fantastic, after about 30 years of going nowhere. And maybe that's a benefit of bailing out Detroit. We could work with them to make cars more efficient, the cars Americans want to buy. We've also - the fracking, moving away from coals, where it's natural gas, has helped a lot, although we have to watch the other aspects of fracking. And also, renewables are beginning to make a bigger and bigger dent in the American electricity supply and other energy supplies."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Different groups have opposing views on corn ethanol","questions":"What is one of the big contentious issues in the Midwest according to A?","answer":"Bioenergy"}
{"text":["Tired (laughter). No, I feel OK. I mean, I feel good. I mean, I thank God that I'm still walking around and drinking a lot of wine.","Well, I ask because you say that this is probably your last cookbook.","Well, yes and no. I mean, the last cookbook like this which takes a long time to do, but I still hope to do some little thing with my daughter, maybe the lesson of a grandfather, you know, showing her how to do simple thing that we've done together. I have a great deal of fun cooking with her so maybe a little book. Certainly, some video will come with that, yes, hopefully.","You've got a section here about you cooking with your granddaughter."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Well, yes and no.I mean, the last cookbook like this which takes a long time to do, but I still hope to do some little thing with my daughter, maybe the lesson of a grandfather, you know, showing her how to do simple thing that we've done together.I have a great deal of fun cooking with her so maybe a little book.Certainly, some video will come with that, yes, hopefully.","questions":"Which family member does the speaker plan to do a cooking project with?","answer":"Daughter"}
{"text":["Oh, yes. Yes, indeed.","(Singing) X is the letter. Blue is the color. One is a number. Now is the time.","I mentioned back in the '60s then and it's still - news reminds me of the '60s. We're going out the world backwards. You know, we've got to change. We need a change. And every chance I get, I'm going to sing songs of change because, like I say, I feel like we're going out the world backwards.","Well, in fact, you know, to that end, the album art is actually a beautiful photograph of a group of young kids - African American kids on the outside of a chain-link fence. And they're looking into a park. It's a photo by Gordon Parks from 1956 called \"Outside Looking In. \"And, you know, I'm assuming that this was a park these kids weren't allowed to play in - right?- because it was segregated."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The park is segregated, and the African American kids are not allowed to play in it.","questions":"How were the African American kids affected by the segregation in the park?","answer":"Excluded"}
{"text":["Did you think twice?","I said - well, I didn't think - well, I said, sure, and I held it to the ground. And then I thought, this is not exactly what I signed up for, but, you know, you need to pitch in a little bit in these circumstances.","For a disease, a virus to spill over, is it just a matter of coming in contact with the right animal?Is it just chance, or does there have to be something special about the virus itself to be able to infect multiple species?","Well, some kinds of virus, yes, are better at this than others. And the scientists who watch the world for the next spillover are particularly vigilant about single-stranded RNA viruses, as distinct from DNA viruses that carry their genomes on the good old, stable double helix. RNA viruses, when they replicate, mutate more frequently. Therefore, there's more change. There's more genetic variation in the populations of those viruses. They replicate very abundantly, so their populations are large."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B is asking if viruses can easily infect multiple species or if there needs to be specific conditions.","questions":"What type of viruses are scientists particularly vigilant about when watching for the next spillover?","answer":"RNA"}
{"text":["The state has also promised that they will do spot checks after the storm to make sure that facilities that have gotten generators have those generators up and running. We've been told that the state has stockpiled additional generators in case some of those generators fail so that they have backups. And we're told that the Department of Health is also helping with that, too - the State Department of Health.","That was Miami Herald reporter Elizabeth Koh joining us from WFSU in Tallahassee, Fla.","Elizabeth, thanks so much for joining us, and thanks for your reporting.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : joining us implies being part of an activity and not being to mix up","questions":"How does \"joining us\" suggest the reporter's involvement in an activity?","answer":"Involvement"}
{"text":["So the Mafia survives off what it's always survived off of, which is essentially protection rackets, right?But where are they at this particular moment?I think many of us think of the Mafia as being a sort of pale shadow of what it once was, both in the U. S.  and Italy.","I think that's true, but that is a great symptom of both the huge step change that there's been since particularly the early 1990s in the law enforcement response to organized crime in Italy. And another great indicator of that is this trans-Atlantic cooperation between the authorities. They've now worked together for a generation because they understand the importance of this old bridge. It's no coincidence that FBI headquarters has in it a bust of Giovanni Falcone, the great hero and martyr of the struggle against the Mafia in Italy. He was blown up, along, with his wife and his armed escort by a Mafia bomb in 1992 because Falcone was who pioneered this trans-Atlantic cooperation in the fight against the Mafia. He got it.","Do you consider these raids are a major blow to the attempts to sort of reanimate these links?","I think this is an ongoing process. It clearly shows that the authorities are watching it very, very carefully. They understand it and know it. And that - from that point of view, it's reassuring. But it's always difficult to tell, when an operation is as fresh as this one is, just how damaging it will prove to be."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being a pale shadow means that it is not as strong as it once was.","questions":"What is a great indicator of the law enforcement response to organized crime?","answer":"Trans-Atlantic-cooperation"}
{"text":["What options does the U. S.  have?","Sanctions are a key part of maximum pressure campaign that the Trump administration has been advancing. And sanctions have never been as tough - tougher than now. They're broad. They target sectors. They try to cut off North Korea's efforts to earn hard currency to support their economy and their nuclear weapons program. And there is anecdotal evidence that the North Koreans are starting to feel the pinch. And I think the Olympic outreach is in part a sign of the fact that they're feeling the pinch of sanctions and that they saw outreach as a way to try to get South Korea to agree to loosen sanctions implementation or try to lure South Korea away from the maximum pressure campaign.","Jung Pak, a senior fellow at Brookings Institution Center for East Asia Policy Studies. Thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2): Sanctions are a key part of the Trump administration's strategy to increase pressure on North Korea. Sanctions are stronger than ever and are designed to limit North Korea's ability to earn money to support their economy and nuclear program. North Korea is beginning to feel the effects of these sanctions and is using outreach to try to ease the sanctions and lessen the pressure","questions":"How are the sanctions targeted?","answer":"Broad"}
{"text":["I think we overstate this, right?I really do. I think we overstate the threat that primaries pose, No. 1, to members. No. 2, what I would suggest is, OK, so what?That's your job. It's comes with the territory, right?And last time I checked, the Constitution wasn't written so that members could win re-election without threat, right?That's not the point.","The whole point - the whole basis of our regime of democratic accountability is so that members are held accountable for the decisions they make in office, not to push those decisions off elsewhere so that they can just keep winning. The only place where our views and our concerns are adjudicated in this wonderful nation of ours is in Congress. It's the only place. And if Congress isn't doing that, then Congress isn't doing its job.","So you seem less concerned that the president is overreaching than that the Congress is sitting on its hands.","I think that is the much bigger concern. The president most certainly it appears to be overreaching, right?I mean, this law has been passed presumably not to do end runs around Congress when the president can't get what he or she wants. So if you want funding, it seems to me, the best way to get it is to actually bargain and haggle and try to - and refuse to sign bills that don't give you that funding."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The threat that primaries pose to members is not overstated","questions":"How does PersonA feel about the threat that primaries pose to members? (Answer: overstated)","answer":"overstated"}
{"text":["What has been the reaction to this from the pollsters at this conference that you're at?","In the hallways here, I was surprised to hear, actually, that academics and pollsters are mostly saying that this effort is overdue. There's general consensus that the traditional exit polls are oversampling Democrats because older voters don't like having to fill out these forms. And they, of course, lean pretty heavily Republican.","Many people I talked to here said that they've been raising alarm bells with the National Election Pool for a decade to no avail. And they see this as a pretty good thing to light a match under those exit pollsters to change. I talked with a consultant to one of those exit polls. And he said that they are actually going to be trying to make changes and that this is part of that.","That's NPR's lead political editor Domenico Montanaro in Denver."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They've been making the National Election Pool worried and extremely concerned.  Also, it is not a pool, but an organization that gets information from groups of people.","questions":"How do academics and pollsters feel about the traditional exit polls?","answer":"oversampling"}
{"text":["And let's not forget that that's the heritage that Marissa Mayer comes from; understanding how to make search at Google ever more personal, ever more relevant. If she can do the same thing with news and make it more relevant to you, so that it's not a one-size-fits-all product anymore, that could be a big advance in the form.","So, let's say in a year or two the president of the United States has what - I don't know if it's a tradition - but often he will have lunch with the major network actors. Does Katie Couric have lunch at that same table?","Well, there's two questions there. One, is whether that is the judgment of importance in news. I think that we have to get out of the access game. But I still understand your question, which is will Yahoo be a presence in news as much as the other networks?It might take a while, but there's no reason it couldn't be. You know, there's a great, great blog called SCOTUSblog that covers the Supreme Court like no one else and they are struggling right now to get a credential to the Supreme Court. They do great coverage, highly specialized. And we've got to get past this idea that only big, old institutions are journalistic institutions. We have to work collaboratively with all kinds of new players.","Jeff Jarvis, media analyst and professor of journalism joining us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that Jeff Jarvis is thanking the questioner for having him on the show","questions":"What is Jeff Jarvis doing at the end of the interview?","answer":"thanking"}
{"text":["One of the things you can buy with bitcoins is illicit products, like drugs, for example. And it has proven to be a particularly attractive application for bitcoin because if you tried to set up a black market for drugs and accept credit card payments, the credit card networks would shut you down right away. But there's nobody who runs the bitcoin network, and so there's nobody the authorities can go to and say, shut down this network or reverse that payment.","I gather bitcoin's created through mining but not, like, chisel and cloud of dust mining. Right?","Yeah. So mining is the term that bitcoin people use for the process that computers use to kind of run the bitcoin network. There's a global shared record of who has made which payments to whom. And the computers that participate in this process get a reward of new bitcoins. Right now, every block, which happens about 10 minutes, you get a reward of 12. 5 bitcoins, which is worth more than $100,000. And they call it mining because you're creating new bitcoins in the process of running the network.","And that takes a lot of energy, I gather.","It does. One recent estimate said that the bitcoin network as a whole consumes about as much energy as the nation of Denmark."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : One of the things you can buy with bitcoins is illicit products, like drugs, for example. And it has proven to be a particularly attractive application for bitcoin because if you tried to set up a black market for drugs and accept credit card payments, the credit card networks would shut you down right away. But there's nobody who runs the bitcoin network, and so there's nobody the authorities can go to and say, shut down this network or reverse that payment.  In this turn, the actual meaning implies that bitcoin allows for anonymous transactions in illicit markets because it lacks a central authority that can control or shut down the network.","questions":"How does the lack of a central authority benefit bitcoin in illicit markets?","answer":"Anonymity"}
{"text":["What were some of the challenging parts of school?What did you find the hardest?","Reading, studying my lessons. You know, because I had to read more, you know, and because, you know, as you get older, your short-term memory sort of fails you once in a while. So to make sure that you got the material where you could reproduce it, you had to study a little harder and do a little more research.","So tell me what graduation day was like?","Oh, the best day of my life, I guess. Life doesn't get any better. Life doesn't get any better. With my family there, all my friends cheering me on, I felt like I was 16 years old. What a day. What a day. I was happy. Everybody was pleased. They gave me a good ovation. I really enjoyed it. I really did. I cannot explain to you in words my feelings."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the speaker says \"Life doesn't get any better\" to express how happy they were on their graduation day. This is a figurative expression that means they were extremely happy and couldn't imagine a better moment in their life. The literal meaning of the expression is not true, as life can certainly get better or worse depending on circumstances.","questions":"How did the speaker feel on their graduation day?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["So they're very competent, very professional and, quite frankly, surprisingly good. You know, we've had a tendency in this country to sort of dismiss North Korea as a backward country. But it's not. In the nuclear arena, there are two paths to the bomb. One is the plutonium path. They showed me all of that in 2004 - not very fancy but good enough. And then in 2010, they actually showed me centrifuge facility. That was simply astounding. It was a modern facility, and it was remarkable for them to have that.","One of the goals of these potential talks is the denuclearization of North Korea. Given they've got such capabilities, how likely is it to happen?","Well, first of all, I think it's not very likely to happen. What's significant in the current situation is they've actually said that they would be willing to give up nuclear weapons, you know, if their security is assured, and they're not threatened. However, to think that's going to happen in the short term is just not realistic because to build a nuclear weapons program, it's an enormous number of facilities. It's a large number of people. It took, well, more or less 50 years but particularly the last 25 years to get to where they are today. They're not going to turn that over overnight.","Well, short of full denuclearization, what other steps could North Korea take to prove, you know, its sincerity in this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : North Korea is not as backward as we tend to believe.","questions":"How did North Korea surprise the speaker during his visit in 2010?","answer":"Centrifuge"}
{"text":["Right, I mean, this is going to be the very difficult point that they're going to have to get together with his younger brother and figure that out. I mean, this looks much more like it's going to be something about Islamic radicalization, as opposed to Chechen - sort of nationalism.","And I think when this first happened, we've never had Chechens do this in this country, so everybody assumes it has to do with that. What will be interesting is to see if he was radicalized on the Internet, if he was radicalized during trips to Russia - the older brother did travel to Russia reasonably often; the younger brother didn't - and how that evolution came about.","We will want to know if there were contacts there. The Russians - have they been helpful, in the past?Are they likely to be helpful, in this case?","It's unclear. I would suspect that they're likely to be helpful in this case because they've been making a case that Chechens are very dangerous, and that's why they do what they do in Chechnya. But it's. . .","Which is a very hard line of - some would say brutal repression."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The Russian's stance on Chechen terrorism is perceived as brutal repression","questions":"Which country's stance is perceived as brutal repression?","answer":"russia"}
{"text":["Tomorrow marks the end of the longest presidential campaign to date. This election looks like it might break all voter turnout records, and plenty of civil and voting rights groups are out there working to make sure you have a place to turn if you're having trouble voting. One of them is the NAACP. In September, Benjamin Jealous became the youngest man to lead the country's oldest and largest civil rights organization. He's got plenty of information about how to protect your vote. Ben, how are you?","I'm doing well.","So you are the head of this storied organization that has had so much to do with African-Americans in voting. You think about where we've been in the past decade with the contested 2000 election. What should people know firstoff about going to the polls and doing it in a way that protects their vote?","You know, there's really two things that I say to folks. You know, first is that you should be prepared, you know. You should really think about the time you need and make sure, you know, if you need to have somebody to watch the kids that you just take care of it. This is one of the most important things that you'll do in the next year, and just be prepared."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : To protect a  vote means to ensure that you are able to exercise your right to vote and aren\u2019t subject to racism; the vote is not a physical thing.","questions":"What is the main concern of Benjamin Jealous when it comes to voting?","answer":"protection"}
{"text":["It's great to be with you, Ira. Thank you.","I'm just looking at the abstract of your study, and some of these numbers are amazing. Seventy-two percent, 72 of all Americans think that global warming should be a very high or medium or a priority for the president and the Congress. That crosses all party lines.","It does. It includes 84 percent of Democrats, 68 percent of independents and 52 percent of Republicans. So yes, there is this difference between Democrats and Republicans. But nonetheless, a majority of Republicans do think that global warming should be a priority for our elected officials.","So why are we all under the impression that there is not this majority?","Ah. Great question. So one of the things that became very clear to us early in our research was that Americans don't speak with a single voice on this issue. And in fact, what we've identified is what we call a global warming's six Americas, that essentially you can look at the country and find that there are six very different communities within the United States, that each respond to this issue in very different ways. One group we call the alarmed. That's only about 12 percent of the public."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The chaos caused by Brexit has unified European citizens and strengthened their attachment to the EU.","questions":"How many different communities did the researchers identify in the United States regarding their response to global warming?","answer":"Brexit"}
{"text":["Thank you.","What's your game plan to recapture the glory days of Fischer versus Spassky?","Well, I think what I remember most clearly from my childhood, which inspires me in transforming chess into a spectator sport is having a radio under my pillow and listening to the Orioles games in Baltimore. Here in England, I try and remind people of listening to cricket on the radio. These were enormously popular ways of consuming sports, and you didn't really need to see anything. You have the same thing with chess. If you happen to have a computer at hand, you get brilliant new data visualization, which allows you to see with the eyes of a grandmaster. So, it's not at all the sort of paint-drying experience that you imagine.","How do you hope to get people who don't care so deeply about chess or might even not know how the game is played except the vaguely know that a checkmate is something good and the king is something that you aspire to be on the board. How do you get them interested?","Well, we don't probably. And I don't think it really matters. We hired a great media research company and we came to the amazing conclusion there are more people in America who play chess regularly now than there are people who play tennis and golf.","But to point out the obvious: the play chess, they don't watch it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A's response is not directly answering B's question about the game plan to recapture the glory days of Fischer versus Spassky. Instead, A is sharing their inspiration to transform chess into a spectator sport and explaining how it can be consumed without the need for visual aids.","questions":"Which sport does PersonA compare chess to in their response to PersonB's question about transforming chess into a spectator sport?","answer":"Cricket"}
{"text":["And yeah. Like I said, the video can be used for good. And that's why I think the premise of body camera footage is good. But where problems emerge is when government officials and police officials push back against making that footage public because that's the whole reason. The reason is to bring transparency to police interactions. And if government officials push against that, it goes against the entire premise.","One of the very interesting points that you make in your book is that the federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades. I mean, you highlight a report that was commissioned by President Johnson, President Lyndon Johnson in 1967 in response to the Watts riots. And you said that it proposes really not so much an emphasis on technology but an emphasis on relationships, on communication and teaching police officers how to communicate better with the public, how to - it's more of like a - I don't know what word to use. Would you say humanistic approach?And. . .","Absolutely. That's a great word for it.","And that you say that there's - these kinds of - these techniques have never really been implemented because they were deemed to be too expensive. But you also point out that technology is expensive. The police departments spend a huge amount on these technologies that you say don't work. So what - my question to you is, why do you think these techniques have not gotten more traction?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The premise of body camera footage is good, but government officials and police officials push against making it public, which goes against the transparency of police interactions.","questions":"Which officials push against making body camera footage public?","answer":"Government"}
{"text":["Nice to be here, Lulu.","Why study Mars's core?What can it teach us?","We know the outside of Mars, and we understand the inside of the Earth. And one of the reasons we're interested in Mars is because it's a planet of a similar sort of size to the Earth and Venus. So getting into the interior of it will help us understand how long it took for it to cool down because it's now a cooler planet than the Earth. It no longer does all that exciting plate tectonic stuff that the Earth does. And we'll get a sense of how stiff the external crust is, how malleable the mantle is and whether the core is liquid or not. Those are all the things that really matter for the physics of the Earth, so we assume they're going to matter for the physics of Mars, too.","The first successful Mars landing was almost 50 years ago, which is quite a while. And many have failed since then. Why?How hard is it actually to get there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Studying Mars's interior will help us understand Earth's physics.","questions":"Which planet's physics can be better understood by studying Mars's interior?","answer":"Earth"}
{"text":["That poem is called \"A Flower Song For Maidens Coming Of Age. \"It was written in 1440 before European contact in Mexico. And it's from a collection of Mayan poems - extraordinary. Tell me about why this poem resonated for you. It describes a moon ceremony.","It was such an important revelation to have come across this poem. I cried. I cried for two days - the whole week because, as you know, colonization basically eradicated all of our written documentation in the Americas. All of our traditions have been passed down through word of mouth. But to have written documentation that women have been honoring the moon and celebrating their bodies and their transitions, their milestones in this way, I really felt like my ancestors were watching over.","And you wrote in the afterword to this book that you really wanted young women to find their own way to connect with their roots. Why?","Well, I think it's important for any person, really, but young girls in particular who come from marginalized communities to find their - not only their roots but the meaning and the legacy of wisdom and power that comes from those traditions. And Celi, because she's bicultural and multiracial, she has all of these beautiful intersections happening that I really tried to play up in the novel because I wanted children that are just like Celi, who are multiracial and bicultural, to see themselves and their hybridity in all of its beauty and all of its power."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They don't have road intersections but their meanings do connect with one another.","questions":"Which elements connect without intersections?","answer":"meanings"}
{"text":["And how - it has a unique design to it. Who designed it and why does it have the shape it has?","That's a really interesting question. There's - it's actually a complicated story. The chief architect was a man named John Graham Jr. , had a large architectural firm. He was mainly known as the man who invented the first really successful shopping mall, which was here in Seattle, Northgate. He had the task of creating the Space Needle. But he - they got stuck on the design. They had a doodle on a napkin. He had a bunch of architects who began looking at a tower-like structure. They were inspired by a tower, a broadcast tower in Germany, in Stuttgart, which had a restaurant on it. And so they knew they wanted an observation deck. But they were kind of open to what else they would do. They thought about putting a planetarium up there and a helicopter pad.","No kidding.","Yeah. They considered all kinds of things. And - but they were stuck on coming up with a design that was really a wow design. So John Graham hired as a consultant a professor from the University of Washington named Victor Steinbrueck. He's known locally in Seattle as architect-activist who saved the Pike Place Market. But he was a designer, and he worked on the Space Needle design."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They could not come up with an idea that would impress people.","questions":"How were the architects struggling with the Space Needle design?","answer":"Struggling"}
{"text":["No. In this part of Mozambique, it's a complete anomaly. It's unheard of. This close to the equator such a powerful storm, it's not something anybody was expecting.","And I understand that you were just in Beira, which was covering the cyclone that you mentioned there. And how is a second major storm going to affect the ability of government and aid organizations to respond?I mean, just give us a sense of what they're currently - what they've been dealing with already and how they might adapt to this latest storm.","Well, it's a massive humanitarian operation unfolding in central Mozambique where I hit last month. There are dozens of agencies trying to reach the lost communities that still haven't received aid. And by some estimates, there are still over a hundred thousand people who have not yet received any assistance. The logistics of reaching these remote communities is extremely complicated, especially given that a lot of the roads have been washed out or partially blocked, causing bottlenecks. And yes, it's not an easy business getting the bare necessities to these communities.","So, finally, as I mentioned, you're a photojournalist. Could you just give us a sense of one or two of the images that have that have really stayed with you as you've covered these two major storms?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Reaching remote communities with aid is extremely difficult due to washed out or partially blocked roads.","questions":"What is causing bottlenecks in reaching lost communities with aid?","answer":"Bottlenecks"}
{"text":["So when we think of plays like \"Romeo And Juliet,\" quite often they mention - well, in particular \"Romeo And Juliet\" - it mentions nightingales and particularly larks. And indeed would make the sound of a lark. So found - in any other context you could just say, oh, it's a (unintelligible). But found in this context, there's a possibility that it was used, as you say, as a special effect during performance.","Oh, my word. What else have you found that'd we'd enjoy hearing about?","We're just starting to find things that may have been used by actors or the audience - things like clay pipes or hair combs and the old coin.","What will become of the Curtain when you're done?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"What will become of the Curtain when you're done?\" - This question is not about the physical fate of the curtain, but rather about the future of the theater itself. The Curtain was the name of a famous theater in Shakespeare's time, so the question is really asking what will happen to the theater once the research project is completed.","questions":"Which theater is referred to as \"the Curtain\" in the dialogue?","answer":"Curtain"}
{"text":["Have they created new numbers?I mean, what kind of mystery can there be about this when, as far as I'm concerned, I thought all the numbers had already been assigned.","Ah. But it's like gossiping about your friends. It's not the fact that you have the friends, it's things you learn about them that you didn't know and you think, wow, have they been doing this all that time?","I'm surprised you have any friends after that, but go ahead.","I'm losing them as I speak, I realize that. What was really exciting about this was until, I think it was maybe April or May of this year, nobody had been able to prove that there were infinitely many of these pairs. And the question's been around for - in a sense, it's been around for thousands of years. It's been looked at in detail for 100 years. No one really came close to proving it. But then in May, this adjunct faculty member at the University of New Hampshire got pretty close by mathematical standards."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"What was really exciting about this was until, I think it was maybe April or May of this year, nobody had been able to prove that there were infinitely many of these pairs.\"","questions":"How many pairs?","answer":"Infinitely"}
{"text":["Well, they do do some of it. Delta in the most recent quarter had about 300 million dollars in gains from fuel hedges, but the biggest problem is other airlines just don't have the cash or the credit to put into this. Southwest has the luxury of very strong financial balance sheet so they can put their money to work years ahead of time. Other airlines, you know, if you're cutting costs, if you're fighting for survival, if your cash is tight, your employees are getting laid off, you know, it's hard to say hey, we're going to buy some fuel for 2012.","And Delta was in bankruptcy proceedings, it had to unload everything it could to deal with its debt.","That's right, very costly. Delta actually had good fuel hedges leading into the 2004 bankruptcy. They had to sell those to raise some cash in the bankruptcy, but selling early meant they lost out on a whole lot of profits that they could have had later on.","Scott, you're a travel writer but you do write for the Wall Street Journal, so maybe you can answer this question for me. On the day that Southwest reported things going very well, its stock actually fell by a dollar to just under 15 dollars a share. Now, how does that work?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The other airlines don't have the financial means to invest in fuel hedging, suggesting that they are not in a strong financial position.","questions":"What is the biggest problem faced by other airlines according to the dialogue?","answer":"Cash"}
{"text":["You got it, my friend. They did that, and they're apt to do more. And right now I guess the point we ought to talk about to you and your listeners, understanding that I'm not there, and I'm not a player, a participant, but yet I'm a player, one of the outside groups that finds his way in through cracks and corners and talks to the people over there.","I think they are trying to get something, led by the secretary of the Treasury, who's Geithner. . .","Tim Geithner.","Yeah, he's terrific, I think. Republicans have a wonderful man in Boehner, that Boehner's a straight shooter. Geithner is a very smart guy, and he acts fair to the Republicans. So I would think that he would be able to negotiate as well as anybody. And Tim Geithner, he's - I've talked with him many times before this thing started and occasionally since they've been in closed quarters."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite not being a participant, I have influence.","questions":"How does the speaker describe Tim Geithner?","answer":"Terrific"}
{"text":["Stocks in two major computer chip companies - Qualcomm and Broadcom, two major ones - were down 6% today. Google dropped 2%. And this was after Google said it would stop supporting Android devices for phones made by Huawei because the company was on the Commerce Department's blacklist. Google is a major software provider for Huawei. And if these restrictions went on for months, Google could take a beating.","Correct me if I'm wrong here, Jackie, but didn't the U. S.  back off last year in a somewhat similar way shortly after blacklisting another Chinese telecom company?","That's right. It was a company called ZTE, and they were on the blacklist. And it went on for a while. And they were on the verge of bankruptcy. And this is a major Chinese corporation - almost went bust until the Trump administration reversed that decision and allowed U. S.  companies to supply it again. So it's the same sort of scenario. But, Mary Louise, the Trump administration has been tightening the screws on Huawei for months now in part because it has links to the Chinese government.","And U. S.  intelligence agencies believe Huawei could use its equipment to spy on the U. S.  and its allies. The administration asked Canada to arrest and extradite one of Huawei's senior officials. And administration officials have been fanning out across the world asking allies, pressuring allies not to use Huawei equipment. So up until now, it's been a full-court press by the administration to contain the company."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Trump administration is tightening restrictions on Huawei because of its links to the Chinese government.","questions":"What was the name of the Chinese telecom company that was blacklisted last year?","answer":"ZTE"}
{"text":["Tomorrow marks the end of the longest presidential campaign to date. This election looks like it might break all voter turnout records, and plenty of civil and voting rights groups are out there working to make sure you have a place to turn if you're having trouble voting. One of them is the NAACP. In September, Benjamin Jealous became the youngest man to lead the country's oldest and largest civil rights organization. He's got plenty of information about how to protect your vote. Ben, how are you?","I'm doing well.","So you are the head of this storied organization that has had so much to do with African-Americans in voting. You think about where we've been in the past decade with the contested 2000 election. What should people know firstoff about going to the polls and doing it in a way that protects their vote?","You know, there's really two things that I say to folks. You know, first is that you should be prepared, you know. You should really think about the time you need and make sure, you know, if you need to have somebody to watch the kids that you just take care of it. This is one of the most important things that you'll do in the next year, and just be prepared."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to break records means that a previous record was taken away by a new record","questions":"How does Benjamin Jealous relate to civil and voting rights?","answer":"leader"}
{"text":["So, why did investors react the way they did?","Well, investors are always thinking about what's coming in the future. They are not that concerned with what's happening in the present. And so, Apple had a terrific quarter. They pretty much met expectations. But the markets have become so used to Apple vastly exceeding expectations and the market's become so used to Apple's sort of coming out every six months or a year with some innovative new product that everybody has to have - and that's not happening. And so the market is basically looking for somebody else to fall in love with. And there is Samsung.","And so are they doing what Apple, at least this quarter didn't do, or is Samsung rolling our new technology, new got-to-have products?","Well, the Galaxy series, which is, you know, smartphones, you know, pads, so on and so forth, has been a huge, huge hit. I read somewhere that they went from having sold 30 million Galaxy smart - the new Galaxy smartphones to 40 million in a space of two months. People really like the phones, they have a good advertising campaign and they're less expensive than Apple. And we're at the point in the smartphone market where that matters."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"What did investors do in response to Apple's performance?","answer":"React"}
{"text":["Hi.","So you're about to get underway with your lunch rush. What are the workers telling you?What are the conversations you're hearing there at the bar?","Well, they're like counting down the days and saying what are they going to do. You know, some people have no plans. They don't know what they're going to do. Then other people say they're going to move away because this is a dying town, and it's really frightening.","And what does that mean for you?","Well, I just hope that we can make it through. I don't know. We don't know what is in store - you know, the future has for us because we've already - when they cut the shifts back, we've already lost a lot of our business from over there. Now, there's going to be nobody, and we just don't know where it's going to go from there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : lunch rush is a time when places are very busy, like restaurants, and usually during lunch, hence the name lunch rush","questions":"What is the name given to the busy time in restaurants during lunch?","answer":"Lunch"}
{"text":["And also they X-rayed them and they put it contrast eyes. And they found this sort of anatomical differences that would allow owls to do this.","One thing that struck you about the video that they sent as well as it struck me.","I think struck you. I'm not sure.","Was that right at the beginning of the video, you watch the video and one of the scientists is there and he's got an owl on his arm. And they're absolutely - they look alike. And now you say people look like their pets. He looks \u2014 he's standing still. Both their eyes are facing forward and it looks like - just like his owl."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implication is that the person realised something about the video - it did not literally hit them. ","questions":"Which word describes how the person understood the video?","answer":"Impression"}
{"text":["I think that's George Bush's fault. Everything else is George Bush's fault. John McCain - look, there are a lot of ways to lose a campaign. And one way to think about it is the way Republicans lost the presidential campaign in 1996, which is that Bob Dole became a much less divisive presence in the last weeks of the campaign. Resources were transferred from the presidential campaign to the House races.","And that year, a year that the Republicans could easily have lost the House, that Republican majority in the House was barely saved. So that's a model for one way to do it. But another thing that can happen is, you can run a campaign - and this is what John McCain is doing - that agitates your base and gets them motivated but also forfeits independents and centrists.","And in your piece, this is a lot of what the Palin factor is. . .","Right."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Blaming George Bush for everything is a common theme among Democrats.","questions":"How do Democrats often view George Bush's role in current issues?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Well you know, I'd been rapping for years. I mean, since grade school and so forth but I, you know, I really didn't make my professional outing until college. At that time we were just, you know, all hanging around at the college radio station, listening to music and writing songs and none of us had really released any albums yet. And it just dawned on us that, you know, given the state of the industry, if we weren't going to put out our records then our music would probably never get heard. And fast forward 10-plus years later this is it.","So what was it like performing for the first time in a venue, not in a dorm room, not just with your friends, where were you and what was that like?","I think the first, what I would consider the first show was - I was the very first act on a show at a club here in San Francisco called The Stone. And on that bill it was pretty amazing. I mean I was absolutely first in order on a bill of like \u2026","Which is a blessing and a curse."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Being the first act on the bill is both a blessing and a curse.","questions":"What was the downside of being the first act on the bill?","answer":"Curse"}
{"text":["You and your fellow Democrat Peter Welch gave the president a proposal that would allow the government to use the leverage of Medicare to try to negotiate lower prices with drug manufacturers. Let me ask you a question from the Democratic primary. If that was such a great idea, why didn't the Democrats do it themselves when they controlled Congress in 2010 and passed the Affordable Care Act?","That's a great question. What happened back then is I think President Obama was trying to get the deal through. And as you know, we got very little, if any, cooperation from the Republicans. And I think that this was. . .","Well - but you had the votes in your own party to make this a part of the legislation.","Yeah, but, Scott, you know that that doesn't always work that way. It's not that simple because we had a lot of blue dogs. We had people who - Democrats who really didn't even want to go along with the Affordable Care Act. And so there was a lot of compromise there. And part of the compromise was to work through a deal where the prices of Medicare Part B - that is the prescription - drug prices would not be negotiated. I was against that because I thought that we were - I thought that we were bulk purchasing. And as most bulk purchases do, you're usually able to get a discount. But that was a part of the deal to get through the Affordable Care Act, and that's one of the reasons why I think you had a lot of Democrats who were concerned about the act even back then."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : turn is to challenge the idea that the proposal was a great idea in the first place.","questions":"What was the primary's question to PersonA regarding the proposal?","answer":"proposal"}
{"text":[". . . They make you very proud.","What can you tell us about Paola Zambrano and Mark Gorman?","Both of these kids were awesome young people. Paola - Paola, you know, died when she was going to be a junior, so she finished two years of high school. And, you know, during her freshman year, she was diagnosed with colon cancer. And we knew it was a serious situation. And we, you know, quite frankly didn't think that she'd be - you know, continue down that road of going to high school because we knew it was terminal.","And, you know, to her credit, she decided she was going to keep coming every day, had great attendance, went through her chemos and her therapies and was a model student for her family and for herself. She was very - a very proud young lady. And she had hopes and dreams beyond high school that unfortunately she was never. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implied meaning of the statement \"They make you very proud\" is that the person is proud of their achievements.","questions":"How did Paola Zambrano feel about her achievements?","answer":"Proud"}
{"text":["That President Obama looked at what a no-fly zone could do and realized it would not do enough. He needed to authorize that aircraft could strike ground targets as well.","Yeah. I mean, I think, you know, almost all of these things, once you start, there is significant pressure for it to escalate. So when, you know, another example, when Bill Clinton starts NATO air strikes in Serbia, in the Kosovo War in 1999 to protect Kosovar Albanians who were being massacred by Serbian nationalists, then the Clinton administration starts out doing air strikes and then comes under lots and lots of pressure to say air strikes aren't enough, air strikes are not really saving civilian populations on the ground. You need to do more.","So I think, you know, I think when the Obama administration looks at this, then there's a debate about - on the one hand, you could say - and it's not that the Obama administration is considering troops on the ground because they're definitely not. But if you're arming the rebels in Syria, does that create more pressure for you to support them or does it mean that the rebels can stand on their own two feet, which means less pressure on the Obama administration to get involved?","Well, you're talking about the law of unintended consequences. If you're supporting them and recognize them and they start to lose, what do you do then?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The rebels can handle their rebellion without anyone helping them.","questions":"What is the debate about in the Obama administration regarding arming the rebels in Syria?","answer":"Pressure"}
{"text":["You know, in the post-Katrina era, Scott, the assumption has been that when a hurricane comes, you focus on that and set other things aside. So it was jarring when the president went ahead with his summit with Kanye West. And as you say, it was a major full-media presence in the Oval Office.","But the president's theme all week has been to keep the focus on the president. He's had a flurry of news availabilities - way more than usual. In fact, in the last month, he's had more than in all the time previously in his presidency - very flashy events, campaign rallies around the country, night after night.","And that happens just as the cable operations - television, news - has - well, they've begun to lose interest in some of those rallies. They're not covering them from beginning to end anymore, sometimes not covering them all - at all, perhaps because they do seem to be news-free campaign events, and maybe because they've become so frequent.","Does this week's sudden stock sell-off raise questions about what had seemed to be so much good news about the economy, including that historically low unemployment rate?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president is trying to divert attention away from negative news about him and his administration","questions":"Which theme has the president continued to emphasize all week?","answer":"President"}
{"text":["But to point out the obvious: the play chess, they don't watch it.","Who would ever in a million years have imagined that anyone would be interested in watching golf on TV?In our poll, golf is considered the most boring sport in America and yet it's incredibly successful on TV. It is indeed considered, in this poll, more boring than chess. But if you think about it, if you know anything about chess, you know that there's a rich, thick history, both of players and personalities and madness and theory that you can talk about on and on and on and on. There's nothing to talk about in golf.","Andrew Paulson speaking with us from London. Thank you very much. Good luck to you and to chess, Mr.  Paulson.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that Andrew Paulson is wishing the interviewer good luck as well as himself and the game of chess.","questions":"How is Andrew Paulson wishing the interviewer?","answer":"Goodbye"}
{"text":["But second, I said you have to step up, Mr.  President. The moment you jump into this issue, you learn how complicated it is, how many decades in the making it is. But this is on our watch. This is our time, and these are your constituents, Mr.  President, just as they are mine.","And so to me, this is an opportunity to educate, an opportunity to pressure. And whether it is out of his heart or out of the movement that we build or just out of some people's disgust - because disgust for all of us should be in our hearts right now that we let Americans live on our streets and in shelters in the richest country on the face of the earth. So we will push, push, push this president and this administration to join this fight until the last day we're around.","That is the mayor of Los Angeles, Eric Garcetti.","Mr.  Mayor, thanks so much for talking to us.","Great to be with you, Michel. Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Step up,\" \"jump\" and \"our watch\" are all figurative, not literal. They mean that the President needs to take action on the issue and, in the last case, that the political party is in control now and has to take responsibility for governing.","questions":"Which words in turn 0 are figurative?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Because you have eggplant parmesan just in the book.","(Laughter).","You can do that as an antipasto?","Every time someone turns to that page, they're like, this is an appetizer?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Expressing surprise that eggplant parmesan can be served as an antipasto.","questions":"Which dish can be served as an antipasto?","answer":"Eggplant"}
{"text":["Members of the Writers Guild of America are back at work today. The three-month labor dispute with Hollywood producers was put to rest last night. Members voted overwhelmingly to end the strike. The dispute centered on what writers should be paid for work distributed over the Internet. So did the writers get what they wanted?That's the question we pose now to Larry Wilmore. He's a member of the WGA's negotiating committee. He's a long-time television writer and producer, also the senior black correspondent for Comedy Central's \"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart. \"He's a clip of Larry on \"The Daily Show\" before the strike:","American blacks love African art, African clothes, African music. We're just not that crazy about Africans.","Frankly, they kind of overdo it, you know?So for blacks to support Obama, he's got to make up his mind. Is he African or American?Because he can't be both. That doesn't make sense.","You were so wrong, Larry. How are you doing?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"American blacks love African art, African clothes, African music. We're just not that crazy about Africans.\" The literal meaning of this turn is that American black people appreciate African culture but are not fond of African people. However, the actual meaning is that there is a cultural appreciation for African arts and music, but there is a disconnect with the people who produce them.","questions":"What is the actual meaning of the turn \"American blacks love African art, African clothes, African music. We're just not that crazy about Africans.\"?","answer":"Disconnect"}
{"text":["So in 1996, there was something called the Dickey Amendment. And that resulted in federal funding being taken away for gun violence research. Even after Newtown and after President Obama had issued the executive order for the CDC to be able to study the cause of gun violence, there's still been a lot of hesitation to do that. You know, gun violence is responsible for about as many deaths as sepsis is. But funding for gun violence research is equivalent to 0. 7 percent of the funding that's allocated for sepsis. When you think about this in the big picture, we have such a public health crisis that we're dealing with yet not enough research and evidence that's being put into the system to figure out how we can develop solutions that are going to really make a difference.","You've actually experienced this from the other end. You were shot when you were 17. Tell me what happened.","After a high school football game one evening, I was nearly killed after being shot in the throat with a 38-caliber bullet. A lot of 17-year-olds don't appreciate the fact that they're mortal, don't realize, you know, kind of the importance of their family and other aspects like that. And when that injury happened to me, it really changed my life. It inspired me to want to be able to give other people the same second chance that I was given.","Dr.  Joseph Sakran is the director of Emergency General Surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Surviving a gunshot inspired me to help others","questions":"What injury did \"A\" experience when they were 17?","answer":"shot"}
{"text":["As we mentioned, polls show that a strong majority of Republicans do still support the death penalty. You're one of the growing number of those, though, who have called for repealing it. And there has been a move, as we said earlier, in some red states to repeal the death penalty. What do you think accounts for that shift?Is it just about economics?","No, I don't think it's solely economics. But, again, you know, most Republicans are pro-life. And when you start looking at the abortion issue and the life issue, you start to have to ask yourself, am I being consistent when I'm looking at the death penalty?","And, you know, for the longest time, the death penalty from the criminal law standpoint was there only for society's revenge. You know, it doesn't serve the other goals of criminal law. There's no rehabilitation of anybody. There's no study that shows that it helps prevent crime. So we're really kind of in that Old Testament retribution. And I think as we move more and more away from that and then factor in the economics, there's a real reason to get rid of it.","You mentioned, though, religion in politics as well as economics. I'm curious - how do you think about the morality of this question of the death penalty?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : red states meaning those that are primarily seen as republican dominated","questions":"What is the term used in the dialogue to refer to states that are primarily seen as Republican dominated?","answer":"Red"}
{"text":["So, you're skeptical about a car czar. You think that there should be loans, though, with strict provisions attached to them.","Right, right.","What else?What else needs to be done?I mean, this is a massive, massive problem, and two of the three are facing extinction at this point.","Don't forget, what's putting them in this condition is the economic, you know, the economic condition of the nation right now. But the kind of fixed-cost structure that these auto companies have is massive, massive losses that have to do with what's happening to demand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning.","questions":"Which turn in the conversation has a literal meaning?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["There have come into being a kind of a Shia-belt from Tehran through Baghdad to Beirut. And this gives Iran the opportunity to reconstruct the ancient Persian Empire, this time under a Shia label. From a geo-strategic point of view, I consider Iran a bigger problem than ISIS. ISIS is a group of adventurers with a very aggressive ideology. But they have to conquer more and more territory before they can become a geo-strategic, permanent reality. I think a conflict with ISIS - important as it is - is more manageable than a confrontation with Iran.","What would you do about ISIS?","They have cut the throat of an American on television. This is an insult to the United States, which requires that we demonstrate that this is not an act that is free. I would strongly favor a strong attack on ISIS for a period that is related to the murder of the American. Then, we have to go into the long-range problem. I think when we're dealing with a unit like ISIS, we should not get into a position where they can lead us by establishing ground forces. But we should set strategic objectives where we thwart any goal they set themselves, which we should be able to do by superior air power. And then if we can enlist other countries or other more local groups to do the ground fighting, we might actually destroy them.","Let me ask you about a couple of other areas of the world. You spent a considerable time in this book writing about what you call the Russian enigma. What's your reading of what Vladimir Putin's Russia wants?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implies asking for an opinion on Russia's ambitions.","questions":"How does PersonA describe Russia's goals?","answer":"Iran"}
{"text":["Yeah. You know what I mean?It's difficult, especially when sisters - and often in the conversation it is said that, you know, you hear a lot about black women being narcissistic or black women being gold diggers. And when you talk to young brothers, they say that a lot. That conversation comes up. That happens. And then when you talk to black women who are accomplished, they're saying, I can't find a brother. I date outside my race because I can't find a brother willing to deal with me on my level. And everybody starts to become a little bit accusatory. You know, sisters are gold diggers, that's why they won't go out with a guy that's not a doctor as well. And you know, brothers are, you know. . .","Right.","Have too many options.","Well, Judge Toler, you know what?This could go on for a lot longer, but we have to break off. I think we're going to have to pick this up. What do you think?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Right implies being correct or true and not the opposite of left ","questions":"What does \"Right\" imply in the dialogue?","answer":"Correct"}
{"text":["But to point out the obvious: the play chess, they don't watch it.","Who would ever in a million years have imagined that anyone would be interested in watching golf on TV?In our poll, golf is considered the most boring sport in America and yet it's incredibly successful on TV. It is indeed considered, in this poll, more boring than chess. But if you think about it, if you know anything about chess, you know that there's a rich, thick history, both of players and personalities and madness and theory that you can talk about on and on and on and on. There's nothing to talk about in golf.","Andrew Paulson speaking with us from London. Thank you very much. Good luck to you and to chess, Mr.  Paulson.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) implies that although golf is considered the most boring sport in America, it is still successful. ","questions":"What is considered more boring than chess?","answer":"Golf"}
{"text":["What are you, Lisa, most thankful for this holiday season?","I'm thankful I don't have the banks on my butt.","Does that make any sense?","It does. Do a lot of other businesses there locally that might not be affected by the baby boom - are they having a harder time?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Does that make any sense?\" - The literal meaning of this question is asking if the previous statement is logically or grammatically correct. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is questioning whether their statement was appropriate or relevant to the conversation.","questions":"What is the speaker questioning by asking \"Does that make any sense?\" in turn 2?","answer":"relevance"}
{"text":["It's important because it is, for one thing, the most visible sign of climate change. There's little question that this is as a result of global warming that this is happening. And so that's one thing. The next thing is, of course, the ecosystem at the Arctic depend upon a certain amount of floating ice. The walruses dive off of it. The polar bears rely on it - the seals and so on. It's an important part of that ecosystem up there. So it has some local effects. But what's also becoming more and more apparent is it's going to be affecting our weather down here because you're going - when you get an extra degree of warmth up in the far north, you're going to change the way weather patterns move through the rest of North America.","And we could - I talked to a scientist today who said we could be seeing things like those really slow-moving big, heavy snowstorms that come along. It's not that there would necessarily be faster storms or whatever. In fact, it's just the opposite. There would be slower storms as a result of this pattern, and as a result, instead of just moving on by not causing so much grief, you can get huge amounts of snow and ice dumped on us here, and not only here, also in Russia. We have, of course. . .","Yeah.",". . . this past summer was very mild here. But when it's mild here, you need to look around the rest of the world and say, was it mild everywhere?And the answer is usually no."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The melting of Arctic ice has local and global effects.","questions":"Which ecosystem is dependent on floating ice?","answer":"Arctic"}
{"text":["When you think about what that would look like, give me one example, one small example of how you. . .","Well, first thing we have to say is something in the neighborhood of 40, 50 to a $100 billion must be spent on foreclosures. And it must be done this way - we're going to use the FDIC Sheila Bair plan because she has shown working with IndyMac that she knows how to do loan modifications. And that has to be written into the bill.","And then the other thing that you have to do is, you have to develop criteria for who is going to get this money and why they're going to get it, what kind of reporting they have to do, and some prohibitions against being able to get the money if you don't do certain things. For example, we can't be giving bailouts to CEOs who have big stock options and bonuses and all of that has got to be written into the tough legislation.","All right. Well, congresswoman, thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Foreclosures need a huge amount of money to be spent, and Sheila Bair's plan is the best approach for loan modifications.","questions":"How much money must be spent on foreclosures?","answer":"100"}
{"text":["Was it an easy decision for you to make?What was going through your mind when you made that switch?","No, it was definitely - it was easy decision for me to make. You know, before this, I wasn't really a very political person. As far as the guns go, you know - I don't try to talk too much about because I know becomes too polarizing. We have, you know, people that go to the right, and people go to left, and they forget about making schools safe. Listen. I believe in the Second Amendment. I believe in the right for people to bear arms. But I think that we can come to common ground to make responsible laws and decisions in how we can make our society safer.","You have two sons who are also in the Broward County School System. What have you talked about with them as they've headed back to school this year?","Sure. So I've had some tough conversations with them. I bought them a ballistic-resistant backpack."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Common ground means a place in opinion where two different sides think alike.","questions":"How did PersonA suggest making society safer in regards to guns?","answer":"Common"}
{"text":["Well, most of them are against the government, so many of them see even public health workers as the enemy since they work for the government. And every time there are clashes with the police or with government soldiers, you know, health workers have to wait a day or two or even more for them to get into these villages or territories to treat the people.","Yeah. You know, what struck me when I was reading your article was that the health officials actually think that this outbreak is made much worse because of these militias. It's almost like they've created the problem.","Absolutely. Because every, you know, day or hour of delay, there is the possibility that the virus will spread to someone else and then spreads to the entire village. And that could, you know, spread very dramatically.","So tell us a little bit more. You know, there are also experimental treatments. What kind of progress has been made there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The militias have amplified the outbreak of the virus by delaying healthcare workers from reaching affected areas.","questions":"Which group is believed to have worsened the spread of the virus in the affected areas? (Answer: militias)","answer":"militias"}
{"text":["Right. And it's because of a change in the law post-9\/11 that made - that gave the State Department the ability to designate specific terrorist groups. And once that group was designated, they fell under the Patriot Act. And we could investigate - the FBI could investigate specifically individuals both in the United States and overseas that were involved in any kind of transactional or transnational terrorism events with more - a greater ability, I guess, to utilize the techniques available to us.","So what can be done?I mean, are there changes that can be made in the law that might help prevent an attack like the one we saw in El Paso?","Well, there are a lot of laws that apply right now to domestic terrorism, but most of them are state laws. They're not federal laws. There is no federal murder statute, for example, unless you are a federal official of some sort and you are murdered or there's an attempted murder on you. So the El Paso case, for example, is probably going to be prosecuted as a local homicide case of 20 counts of homicide, 22, however many victims we have, by the local DA. It's not a federal case. At this point, the FBI is kind of peripherally assisting that investigation. But they're not specifically involved in or going to be involved in the prosecution. Now. . .","Could the law change?I mean, could Congress pass a law that says that an act like this, when you kill this many people, is a federal crime?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Congress could pass a law to make an act that results in the death of multiple people a federal crime","questions":"How many counts of homicide is the El Paso case being prosecuted as?","answer":"20"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, that is the thing in this country. I mean, I know America quite well. And I think we have to reverse the absolute mirror image of the broadcasting and newspaper. When the debate was around about the beginning of this year about fake news, there was a lot of discussion about how, in this country, people are kind of used to fake news because - not that the newspapers are fictional, but they do take a slant on some stories. But the television media here, in particular, and the radio has been regulated to be unbiased and impartial since broadcasting began in the 1930s.","Some here in America would view this as an agency of thought police. Is there pushback against Ofcom in the United Kingdom?","There have been periods of incredibly busy activity from Ofcom. Recently, they have been turning quite a few complaints across to us and other broadcasters. That is not a reflection of Ofcom. That's a reflection of people who write to Ofcom. They're only making decisions if viewers complain. But it's not a form of thought police. It's a form of being objective. I think viewers in this country expect the television and radio broadcasting to be unbiased, accurate and impartial. And so that is enshrined in law. It's an expectation. And when they feel that the standards of broadcasting have dropped below that, they complain to Ofcom, and then Ofcom investigates us.","Ben De Pear is the editor of Channel 4 News. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"take a slant on some stories\" - the literal meaning of this phrase would be to physically tilt or lean on stories, but the actual meaning is that newspapers present stories from a particular point of view or bias.","questions":"How do newspapers present stories according to turn 0?","answer":"bias"}
{"text":["But to point out the obvious: the play chess, they don't watch it.","Who would ever in a million years have imagined that anyone would be interested in watching golf on TV?In our poll, golf is considered the most boring sport in America and yet it's incredibly successful on TV. It is indeed considered, in this poll, more boring than chess. But if you think about it, if you know anything about chess, you know that there's a rich, thick history, both of players and personalities and madness and theory that you can talk about on and on and on and on. There's nothing to talk about in golf.","Andrew Paulson speaking with us from London. Thank you very much. Good luck to you and to chess, Mr.  Paulson.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) implies that although golf is considered the most boring sport in America, it is still successful. ","questions":"Which sport is considered more boring than chess according to the poll mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Golf"}
{"text":["Yeah. I can imagine.",". . . run me out of the lab on a rail. But they were delighted. They were so imaginative and they were so - well, they're both fiction readers, which helps, so they understand what literature can do, that it's symbolic and how you can sort of tell the truth in a fictional way.","So they - we just have a great time. We spent hours in conversation about this. If it did happen, then what would be the reasons?You know, we sort of backed up and had all of these hypothesis and, you know, Dr.  Brower was even saying, oh, and there's another species of milkweed, and if that range shifted a little too - so we were really - they were very enthusiastically helping me create this imaginary world, which gave me a lot of confidence in the final manuscript because they vetted it for me and they made sure that every degree of temperature was accurate and all the equipment used by the scientists in this novel were, you know, I haven't positioned them upside down. You know, everything, every detail has to be right.","So I really appreciate, not just Dr.  Brower and Dr.  Fink, but all of the scientists who have done a lot of work on monarchs that I relied - on which I relied to get my facts straight."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The scientists didn't actually run me out of the lab, but were very supportive.","questions":"What was the reaction of the scientists to PersonA's work?","answer":"Helpful"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And again, with this fresh production, I think - it's like that Emily Dickinson quote: Tell the truth, but tell it slant. \"I think that is originally what Tennessee Williams was getting at with the idea of plastic theater; that it does not have to be a literal expression of the truth. You can come at it from an angle. And what's beautiful here is that John Tiffany, I think, takes that literally and created this abstract set with Bob Crowley. And what's also interesting to me, Scott, is that John is English, and Bob Crowley, the set designer, is Irish. And John said to me, you know, doing Tennessee Williams in America is like an American stage director doing Shakespeare in the UK. And this season there we have Pinter, we have Beckett, there are revivals of Shakespeare - but Tennessee Williams is the only American playwright being revived on Broadway in the fall.","With all due regard to Beckett and Shakespeare and the other fine playwrights you mentioned, I'd put Tennessee Williams up against all seven or eight of them.","I would too. I would too.","Barbara Chai of the Wall Street Journal. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"I'd put Tennessee Williams up against all seven or eight of them.\" The actual meaning here implies that the speaker considers Tennessee Williams to be on par with or equal to the other mentioned playwrights, rather than comparing them in a literal sense.","questions":"What playwrights are mentioned alongside Tennessee Williams in the fall season on Broadway?","answer":"Beckett"}
{"text":["There are 13 suspects being held in connection with these bombings. Is there much known about them?","Not much. Police say they've also uncovered a van that was used by the attackers, also a safe house. Three police officers were killed in a blast at that property. Officials say the suspects detonated explosives, killing themselves rather than being taken into custody alive. The big question is who those suspects are, whether these attacks were planned locally or internationally. And there's been no claim of responsibility. Sri Lanka's been through this before, though. It fought a 26-year civil war. And at the height of that conflict, bombings were common on shopping malls, hotels, attacks like this. And what's sad is that Sri Lanka was just about to celebrate 10 years of peace, 10 years since the end of that conflict.","Lauren, it was just five weeks ago that the mosque shootings happened in New Zealand. Do you have any sense of worldwide reaction to what happened in Sri Lanka?","Yeah. I mean, the Eiffel Tower shut off its lights tonight to pay tribute to the Sri Lanka victims. Messages of shock and condolences are pouring in, including from the New Zealand prime minister. President Trump also tweeted his condolences. He said, quote, \"we stand ready to help\" - exclamation point. Pope Francis spoke at St.  Peter's Square in Rome, saying that he wanted to express his loving closeness to the Christian community in Sri Lanka. He noted that, you know, many of these people were killed while they were praying, attending services on Easter Sunday morning."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"President Trump also tweeted his condolences.He said, quote, 'we stand ready to help' - exclamation point.\" - The literal meaning is that President Trump expressed his sympathies for the victims and offered to assist in any way possible. The actual meaning is that President Trump's offer to help may be perceived as insincere or politically motivated by some people, given his controversial history with certain groups and countries.","questions":"Which world-famous landmark paid tribute to the victims of the Sri Lanka bombings?","answer":"Eiffel"}
{"text":["We are ecstatic about all the attention we're getting. I mean, we're actually accustomed of making I guess the decision of nominating the first, you know, woman candidate for president or African-American candidate for president, and - or even on the Republican side, nominating that person; who is going to get the nomination for the Republican side. That's all I bring here first. And so we're just really elated to have all that kind of attention and really basking in their joy, you know, right now.","Tell us about what political party you like and what's important to you?","I'm non-partisan. I'm an independent voter. I'm a conservative businessman, I mean, I own my own business. And my leanings are towards whatever politician's going to address a lot of my issues, which is, you know, health care, education, especially I have three teenagers and those type of issues. But again, I'm just so happy to be able to be choosing between a woman and an African-American and a white guy\u2026","\u2026for president."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The turn in (1) implies that the speaker is excited about the attention they're receiving because they have a history of making groundbreaking decisions in the political arena.","questions":"Which group of candidates is the speaker choosing between?","answer":"Woman,African-American,White"}
{"text":["OK, well, now there's criticism that these short-sellers may be contributing to the funny business in terms of, you know, driving prices down for these big investment banks.","You know, there's a ton of funds out there. There's a lot of cash out there. If the short-sellers are really driving prices to the point where stocks and companies are mispriced, there should be the countervailing, hey, this is a bargain, let's rush in and buy it. That hasn't happened, and in fact, if you look at the companies that have gone belly up in the past year, every one of them was either insolvent or had some major problem. Again, the short-sellers are the one who identified this.","Hm. Well, also, in some of those banks, you have traders, actually, you know - have what is the accusation out there that they contributed to the problem by short-selling these derivatives and by driving prices down across the board.","Well, there's two issues. One is short-selling in general, and then the other issue is naked short-selling, which - I'll give you the real short version of it. When you short-sell, you're doing the opposite of buying. You borrow stock and you sell it, and you hope to buy it cheaper and return it. Short-selling is legal. Naked short-selling has been illegal for many years. The only reason we have so much of it is the SEC has not enforced the rules against it, because there was a ton of money made by the biggest brokerage firms."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : ton of funds implies a larger quantities or amount of fund s","questions":"Which term describes the amount of funds available in the market?","answer":"vast"}
{"text":["The hallways may be quiet on both ends of Pennsylvania Avenue, but still plenty of noise coming from your Congress and the president. Here to help us cut through the chatter, NPR senior Washington editor and correspondent Ron Elving. Ron, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning, Scott.","Why is a member of Congress from Michigan front-page news in Israel?","It's front-page news there because our president wants it on the front page back here in the U. S. But let's step back just for a moment. Congress has two new members who are Muslim women and who are outspoken in their support of Palestinians. The president has made them a major target of his Twitter feed. And one of them is Rashida Tlaib from Michigan. She was born in the U. S.  but still has family on the West Bank. She and her colleague Ilhan Omar from Minnesota were going to go to Israel until earlier this week when Israel decided to ban them because of their support for a boycott on Israel.","Now, that decision came right after a tweet from President Trump saying Israel looked weak if it let these two women into their country. And then a day later, the Israelis relented, saying they would let Congresswoman Tlaib visit her grandmother so long as she didn't talk boycotts. And then the congresswoman said she wouldn't go to Israel if she was going to be muzzled. And, of course, the whole business has left a bad taste in many mouths, including those of supporters of Israel in the U. S.  and supporters of the U. S.  in Israel."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Congress and the president are not working at the moment. ","questions":"What is the topic of the conversation between PersonA and PersonB in turn 3?","answer":"Israel"}
{"text":["Thank you. Thank you for saying snot-like. Not a - I don't believe we've had that phrase on our show before. So what is there. . .","It's a first.","What is there about this delightful mucus of the tongue?","Well, we spent a few years studying the frog tongue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implies that A and their team had been studying the frog tongue for a few years.","questions":"Which body part did PersonA and their team spend a few years studying?","answer":"tongue"}
{"text":["Well, I think everybody is kind of on pins and needles to see what's going to come out of it, see what direction Congress is going to go.","The union recently made certain concessions to help cut costs on their end, including suspending the job bank program, and that's a program where UAW workers can receive nearly full pay for up to two years if their jobs are eliminated. Why make sacrifices like that?","Well, I think the union has been a partner ion this thing. In fact, I was one to help negotiate the jobs bank originally, so I pretty well understand that program. But, if we can turn this thing around, we can keep those working that are there today, so there may not be a need for it.","Of course, any proposed changes would have to be ratified by union members. What do you think the chances are there that these changes would be approved?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : on pins and needles implies that people are very concerned and alert about what is happening","questions":"How are people feeling about what's happening?","answer":"Concerned"}
{"text":["General, one other question. You have described your leadership style as preparing deeply, setting out a clear vision, then leaving your subordinates to figure out how to enact that vision. I'm thinking about the fact that as a Marine, your boss was - chain of civilian command - was the president of the United States and ultimately us, the people of the United States. If you look back at your career from 9\/11 to the time that you resigned as secretary of defense, did we collectively do that for you, prepare intensively, set out a clear vision and leave you to do your job the best you could?","Well, probably not in all cases. And I wouldn't expect perfection. I'd leave perfection to God. But I think we still have got to have a more rigorous establishing of strategy, a more clearly enunciated policy, something we can sustain from Republicans to Democrats, from Republicans to Democrats as we did during the Cold War. I think that the biggest challenge we face is in all the Western democracies - it's not just America, but in all the Western democracies, we don't study history in a way that we can apply it. And we are not rigorously applying ourselves to strategy. There's too much of a short-term view.","Jim Mattis is the author of \"Call Sign Chaos: Learning To Lead. \"General, thanks so much.","Thank you, Steve."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Preparing deeply implies doing lots of work and study on the topic.","questions":"Which word describes the type of work that preparing deeply implies?","answer":"Study"}
{"text":["If I had any confidence that another state would follow suit, I would agree with you. But we have watched as, really, only two states in the nation have done truly independent congressional redistricting. Neither of them are what I would call red states. And one of them is California, the state with the largest number of congressional seats in the country. And even though California moved forward with their independent redistricting, not one Republican state followed suit. So if what we're trying to do is have more Republicans in Congress, then I would say, yes, we back Governor Hogan's plan and just change it in Maryland.","But this sounds a little bit like a playground argument. Well, if they're not going to do it, I'm not going to do it, either, regardless of what may be right.","Well, that's what my bill solves. It allows for two states to do it simultaneously. And hopefully, that then moves a process forward that other states can then join.","Is there buy-in from Virginia?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker disagrees with the other person's argument.","questions":"Which person is proposing a bill to solve the issue of independent congressional redistricting?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["The economy is humming, but we may be hearing some sputtering as well. The stock market fell 3% this past Wednesday but later made back some of those losses. While in the bond market, a key marker of a coming recession has been playing out. Now the payoff for long-term government debt fell below the yield on short-term debt. So what are we looking for when the bell rings tomorrow?Catherine Rampell writes about economics for The Washington Post, and she joins me now. Welcome.","Good to be here.","So first off, I just want a gut check from you - Wall Street ups and downs, that warning flare in the bond market, but we're also seeing strong consumer spending at the same time. What is your take on these mixed indicators?","I think the story thus far has been there are warning signs out there. Consumers have been the strong point. Up until this week, however, there was a consumer sentiment number that it was at its lowest notching since, I want to say, six or seven months. So that does suggest that consumers may be wavering a little bit. I think the bigger picture, though, is the global risks essentially. So right now, we have something, like, nine major economies around the world either currently in recession or on the verge of recession, and you could imagine that there would be contagion effects."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The economy is not humming but is working as it should.","questions":"What is the state of the economy?","answer":"working"}
{"text":["Not too much yet. Police have said that they range in all ages. Former El Paso congressman and now-presidential candidate Beto O'Rourke told reporters yesterday that he spoke to the wife of a soccer coach who was wounded while fundraising for his team at the Walmart. Mexican officials have also reported via Twitter that there are six Mexicans injured, including a 10-year-old girl, and three others are among the dead.","I mean, this must be an incredibly difficult time in El Paso right now, you know, something this horrific happening. There were so many families at the Walmart, as you mentioned. And it is now being investigated as a potential hate crime. So I'm wondering - how have the people there reacted to this terrible tragedy?","Well, El Pasoans have by and large reacted in the same way they've responded to the rush of Central American families who have arrived - who have been arriving at this city for months now. Hours after the shooting, there were long lines at blood donation centers. I visited a school where families were gathering to get information about missing loved ones. I saw El Pasoans show up to that school with truckloads of water. There is an interfaith vigil organized tonight at a local park. And both the mayor and the U. S.  congresswoman who represent El Paso has said this is - that this crime isn't reflective of the welcoming character of this city.","That's reporter Monica Ortiz Uribe in El Paso. Thank you very much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : ONE ARE THE PERSON HELP TO RETURN TO SAY THANK YOU THAT SAYS REPLY TO YOU'RE WELCOM.","questions":"How did the person express gratitude for the help they received?","answer":"Long"}
{"text":[". . . You are from this area - born in D. C. , raised in Maryland and Virginia - the DMV, as we like to say. So what's it like to be back home now that you're blowing up like this?Can you go to, like, the CVS if you want to without being recognized?","Yeah. I definitely can go to the CVS. You know, sometimes people recognize me, sometimes they don't. But it's a beautiful feeling, and I just can't wait to move back eventually.","How did you start singing or how did you realize you could sing?","I don't know. I just was always singing. I didn't know if it was good or not, but my grandma, she told me that I sounded like an angel. And that maybe - perhaps that kept me going. I mean, I always wanted a solo at the church, and they didn't ever give it to me. But eventually they did, and I froze. But then I killed it. And I just feel like that kind of just followed me all throughout my life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Many non-literal statements here: \"always singing\", \"froze\" and \"killed it.\" They mean she sang a lot of the time, she failed to perform in front of an audience due to nerves, and she sang really well.","questions":"What did PersonA's grandma tell her about her singing?","answer":"Angel"}
{"text":["And so that's what gives them some optimism, and, while they think their internal poll numbers are better than the public polls, which, in a lot of these states, show them back - in these red states or Republican states, show McCain back, in some cases, by a double digits, they say their internal poll is showing just a few points.","Still, here is Karl Rove writing in the Wall Street Journal today. His overall tone is, never mind the polls, go ahead and vote anyway. He does cite Ronald Reagan as an example in 1980. Out of the last 14 presidential campaigns, he says, Ronald Reagan 1980 was the last time that a candidate was behind in the Gallup poll the week before the election and still went ahead to win.","Yes. That's part of the tough, uphill climb the McCain campaign faces. They face the problem of history, and they also face the problem of the actual, you know, numbers that are coming from inside the important states, as opposed to, say, the national numbers.","And also, for their long shot strategy to pay off, a lot of things that we've seen on the ground, the extraordinary enthusiasm in Democratic ranks, the registration advantage Democrats have over Republicans in these key states, those have all turned out to be not as great as advertised, and that's a lot of things that have to fall in line perfectly over the next five days."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : McCain campaign is facing a difficult challenge from Obama","questions":"Which campaign is facing a tough challenge from Obama?","answer":"struggling"}
{"text":["Well, what we're flying in are what people call the Van Allen radiation belt - have to get a plug-in for Iowa, there, since Van Allen was from the University of Iowa. And this is a region of, sort of, doughnut-shaped, very energetic particles which surrounds our planet. There's actually two of them, sort of these rings around us, which are very high-energy particles. And that - when they're that high energy, we call them radiation. And this is a - this radiation can damage satellites or be unhealthy for astronauts. And so it's a region that most satellites try to avoid or spend as little time in as possible. But we want to understand how they work better, so we had to build something that could go there and live there.","And this transfer of energy in these belts is actually what's causing the noise, right?","Exactly so. It's quite an interesting process. The waves are kind of like a - almost like a catalyst or a carrier of the energy. So they come about out of lower energy electrons, we know, and the grow up. And then they give their energy up as they fade away into higher energy electrons, which become the energetic particles that we called the radiation belts. So they kind of are a transport mechanism, if you will, from low energy to high energy, and thereby help create the radiation belts.","And where does the energy come from in the first place that feeds these belts?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The waves are responsible for creating the high-energy radiation in the Van Allen radiation belt.","questions":"How do the waves contribute to the creation of the Van Allen radiation belt?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["Because there's going to be this glass chamber, people can follow along.","Right. It looks absolutely beautiful.","Oh, it does?","Yeah, it looks absolutely beautiful."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The appearance of the glass chamber is impressive. (not the appearance of something else","questions":"What is impressive?","answer":"appearance"}
{"text":["Just quickly, what about men?","Men. Well men, we tend to focus more on outcomes and process. And so we kind of, you know, focus almost exclusively on the outcomes. We tend to like win-lose scenarios, as opposed to negotiating for win-win. And then, men, we tend to be command and control leaders, where as women can be more inclusive and interactive. And so we really have to work on those traits.","Has anyone ever given you static for trying to do the Mars-Venus thing, about how you see men and women?","Well, because it's really my opinion, and they typically let me have that opinion. But again, it's really a broad statement, so I'm not saying all men or all women, but just as a rule, they're some observations that I've had over the years."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Opinions on gender differences are subjective and not absolute, hence should not be generalized to all men and women","questions":"What is the suggested approach towards generalizing opinions on gender differences?","answer":"not"}
{"text":["That could be jeopardized?","Well, certainly the people putting forth these plans don't think it would be. What they want to do is change Medicaid from a guaranteed benefit to a block grant to states. So a state would get a fixed amount of money from the federal government and decide for itself how to spend it. The idea is that states know their needs better than the feds, and this would give them flexibility.","What critics of this idea worry about is, what happens in an economic downturn when demand on Medicaid goes up?They say states could be left with a sort of Sophie's choice. Do you cut back on services for poor children or for the frail elderly?","I know we've talked about Medicare and Medicaid. Are there proposed changes that would affect older Americans who might buy their own health care coverage?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) Implied meaning: Is this plan risky? ","questions":"How could Medicaid be changed under the proposed plan?","answer":"Flexibility"}
{"text":["Right.","You know, she said, he's sort of Ralph Lauren type. Do you like that type?And here I am thinking, like, God, no.","What did she ask you to do?","She didn't tell me to do anything. She just said, just do whatever he asks, and you'll be fine. And again, that's another comment that was made as we were leaving the car as we walked into the house that didn't land right away. But obviously, in hindsight now, that - the comment, you know, landed pretty hard with me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A dislikes Ralph Lauren type, but she thinks B might like them","questions":"What was PersonA's initial reaction to the description of Ralph Lauren type?","answer":"Dislike"}
{"text":["So the parents as well as one coach have agreed to plead guilty in connection with this scheme. And according to one of the plea agreements at least, they may serve a few months in jail as well as paying fines and restitution. And Felicity Huffman, the actress, as you heard, is one of the more high-profile people accused. But others, including Lori Loughlin, another actress from the TV show \"Full House,\" is among those originally accused who is continuing to fight the charges.","What are we hearing from the parents?","Well, two of those who plead - pled guilty today issued very contrite statements. Huffman's statement reportedly said, I am in full acceptance of my guilt - deep regret and shame. And she also reiterated that her daughter had no idea.","This story has gotten so much attention, and it seems to have really resonated with students and parents. Why do you think it has had such a big impact?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The parents and coaches involved in the scheme are facing legal consequences.","questions":"How are the parents and coaches involved in the scheme being punished?","answer":"Legal"}
{"text":["So I think - I think we're - we have to understand the complexity of it. I think we have to understand that the president has put together a good team on this. And now we're really looking at the next step. But I do think it's important to underscore that in this kind of negotiation, especially at this high level, you get to walk away from the table once. You don't get to walk away from the table twice.","Right. I mean, you used a phrase there, pick up the pieces. It's not just President Trump and North Korea. It's the president's son-in-law trying to almost single handedly bring Middle East peace after the United States took a move like moving the embassy to Jerusalem. You know, some would say that the Trump administration gives away the carrots, like moving the embassy to Jerusalem, without getting concessions and only selectively applies the sticks, like curtailing Palestinian aid. Doesn't that make it harder to negotiate?","Sometimes it can. Sometimes, however, that - what you want to do is try to rearrange the pieces on the table and do so in ways that are surprising or unexpected and can open space for - for talks and negotiations.","Do you think Jared Kushner is the man to do that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The carrots and sticks refer to how you get a horse to move the way you want.","questions":"How does \"B\" describe the Trump administration's use of carrots and sticks?","answer":"Selective"}
{"text":["What goes in the clubhouse stays in the clubhouse - until the baseball manager writes a book, that is. It's Thursday, and if you haven't guessed, it's time again for a look at sports with our very own sports guru, the New York Times Sports Columnist, Mr.  Bill Rhoden. Mr.  Bill, what's up?","Hey, the great Tony Cox. How you're doing?","I'm doing great, man. Joe Torre, leaving New York as a beloved figure, but now he has written his autobiography, \"The Yankee Years. \"I know that he's been on his New York tour. People are buying the book. But, you know, some people are happy, some people not so happy.","Well, the people who are most important to be happy are happy. The publisher of course. . .","Anybody reading book, it's about selling books. And I, Tony, I sort of equate it to in football, the most important statistics for a receiver are yards after catch."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Some people are unhappy with Joe Torre's book","questions":"Which person\/people are not happy with Joe Torre's book?","answer":"Some"}
{"text":["That's right, one of these men - yeah, there was a seafood, wholesale seafood dealer in Southern China, in the province of Guangdong, who got the nickname the poison king because he had infected so many other people. He got very sick, went into a hospital in the city of Guangzhou. He started to suffer respiratory blockage.","They intubated him, they put a tube down his throat to help him breathe, but in the course of doing that, he was - you know, he was spewing out virus, he was coughing and sputtering and spitting. And health care workers became infected just in the course of intubating him.","So he infected more than his share, and then there was the other fellow at the hotel who infected more than his share.","It really - your book really made me feel a huge debt of gratitude to people who work in the health care industry because it can be really heroic work, and it seems like they put their life on the line in some cases."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Health care workers are at risk of getting infected.","questions":"How were health care workers affected during the intubation process?","answer":"infected"}
{"text":["I didn't think this was going to go so immediately to the sex life of plants. But, apparently, that's where we're headed. I mean, why, though, has modern fruit become as sugary as it has?","Well, one of the main dates to remember here is 1930, which is when the United States passes the Plant Patent Act. And from that point forward, the idea is we're trying to encourage farmers to actually manipulate those plants and to make them sweeter and to make them fatter and also to make them seedless, to take their sex away. In fact, what's happening is that when you actually take the sex drive of a plant away, when you take away its seeds, it actually puts more energy into getting fat and sweet.","When you read about how fruit has impacted these zoo animals, were you surprised?","No, not at all. I mean, as I say, for years now, we've been lobbying these natural varieties of almost everything about them except their sweetness. You look at a watermelon. There is no seedless watermelon that's full of just bright red, luscious fruit. There's nothing like that found in nature. The tomatoes you find in nature are tiny and tasteless. The apples you find in nature are - almost all of them are spitters. People don't realize that everything that we're seeing in the supermarket, they're like superstars. They're like supermodels and elite athletes like LeBron James. That's what we're looking - at the supermarket."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the fruit isn't actual superstars; they aren like supermodels and elite athletes like LeBron James;","questions":"What are the fruit not like?","answer":"like"}
{"text":[". . . food.","And. . .","And so when someone like Roger has this incredible density of taste buds on his tongue, we call those people super-tasters. Or I refer to them in \"Taste What You're Missing\" as hyper-tasters. To me, it just sounds a little bit less caped crusader. . .",". . . than a super-taster. But what that means is that that people who have this type of anatomy, in combination with some genetic traits, are much more sensitive to sweetness, sourness. It turns out, they're also more sensitive to the heat that comes from jalapeno chilies, for example. And so. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The phrase \"less caped crusader\" is an idiomatic expression used to mean \"less superhero-like\" or \"less exaggerated.\" In this context, it means that the term \"hyper-taster\" sounds more reasonable and less exaggerated than \"super-taster.\"","questions":"What is the meaning of the phrase \"less caped crusader\" in turn 2?","answer":"Less-superhero-like"}
{"text":["That's one of the projects, yeah, that I followed in the book. Can we build a limb that is basically indistinguishable from a natural arm?So if you're missing an arm, you get this new prosthetic that can sense and move and operate like a natural arm. And that's typically ambitious, and they call that DARPA-hard. Let's try something that just seems completely insane, totally, you know, crazy ambitious. And in that case, they didn't get there. They didn't quite get to that point, but they did get a lot of these technologies in motion for controlling a robot with mind power alone, for instance.","Yeah. How do they ensure that they keep getting new cutting-edge thoughts inside of DARPA?","That's one of the challenges, and that's one of the reasons I was able to write this book, too, because they need to get the word out. They need to find people out there who've got these ideas, who want to pitch them to DARPA. Or come to work for DARPA as a program manager because DARPA program managers, they all leave. After two to six years, they're gone. Their expiration dates are printed on their ID badges. So they've got this turnover, 25 percent every single year.","And they also have a deadline, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : DARPA needs new ideas from people who want to work for them.","questions":"How does DARPPersonA find new ideas?","answer":"pitch"}
{"text":["No costume changes, no props.","Did you go into being someone who could be so mutable in part because you had to kind of - you had to have a place to escape, I'm assuming?","You know, I think that's exactly what it was. I remember as a teenager that - you know, I was born in Germany. I lived in Japan 'til I was 10 and then, you know, moved to Iowa, which is where I graduated high school. But you know, just being surrounded by so many different cultures, I just found myself kind of being a sponge. And so, as an extracurricular activity, I ended up, you know, doing standup comedy, you know, telling jokes to my friends. And I think you're right. I think it ended up being an escape into these different characters to be able to make people laugh. And it kind of made, you know, kind of made me laugh on the inside as well, because everything on the outside was really, really hurting.","Can you either give us a snippet of a character, to be in character or show how you transition between characters?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A used comedy as an escape from personal struggles and pain","questions":"How did PersonA cope with personal struggles and pain?","answer":"Comedy"}
{"text":["After Kristen's story dropped, there was some conversation in circles for about a week. And then immediately, institutions started deflecting responsibility. People immediately responded with some codes of conduct or some immediate action. But no one really wanted to take a look, listen, understand the extent of this problem.","You are continuing your reporting on this. What has been the reaction from female photographers that you have spoken to?","It's really difficult. I was just at a photo conference a few weeks ago. Two women shared their stories of being raped in the field. I don't think we know the extent of how bad it is. Many women in private rooms are starting to speak about what they've experienced. But they're extremely scared to go on the record because they don't want to be seen as difficult to work with. They want to continue photographing. They want to continue doing the work. There's very few people that can hold our own industry accountable. And that's why I wanted to take Kristen's reporting further and really look at, why can't photojournalism really take a hard look at itself and say, you know what?- we might not have been treating each other fairly, and there might be some consequences for our audience because of that?","In your piece, you write that there are these bigger implications here because, as you say, photography informs how we see the world, literally. And when you have the number of women photojournalists behind the camera getting smaller, what does that mean in your view for how the world is then represented?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The story was told to people and many became aware of it.","questions":"How long did the conversation in circles last?","answer":"Oneweek."}
{"text":["You mentioned Slate, which is one of the - it's in the corporate umbrella that you are. And there's also - Henry Louis Gates Jr. , he is obviously an academic superstar and a media superstar. He's played a major role in this organization and in popularizing genealogical research.","But how does the magazine try to bring together the news part with the genealogy part, where you have, actually, links to AfricanDNA. com?","Right. The two parts of the site - the site now has two core missions - the magazine and the tools-based part of the site, which is The Root's part of the site. And where it makes sense, there will be a crossover between those two functions. There's an essay that we've got coming in today from someone who's well known, who's doing an essay on researching her family history.","And it's in written form, so it'll run in the magazine. And so that is a direct connection to The Root's part of the site. But I don't think we'll always force the two things to be connected. What I would hope is that people who come to the site for - maybe if we have political junkies who are coming to the site tomorrow to see what our take is on Super Tuesday, that they would come to the site, read a good article and then maybe jump over and try to start building their family tree by the same token."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of this phrase is that the site has two primary purposes. The actual meaning, however, could be interpreted as suggesting that the magazine and the tools-based part of the site serve as the foundational elements that make up the larger site.","questions":"What is the two-part mission of the site?","answer":"Two"}
{"text":["The New York Mets lost 7 to 1 to the Milwaukee Brewers on Wednesday, but the real loser was their mascot, Mr.  Met. Mr.  Met has a huge white baseball of a head dappled with red stitching and embellished with a perpetual grin.","But as he left the playing field Wednesday night, Mr.  Met flipped a middle finger to a group of fans who posted it on Twitter - busted, Mr.  Met. The club apologized, and the team employee in the Mr.  Met costume that night has reportedly not returned. There were reports that fans heckled him, which fans deny.","The Mr.  Mets middle finger controversy poses a physical and philosophical question. Mr.  Met has four fingers on each hand. How can you say that any of them is a middle finger?Anyway, flipping the bird in New York, isn't that just how they say good morning in Queens?","(Singing) Well, everybody's heard about the bird - bird, bird, bird, the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, don't you know about the bird?Well, everybody knows that the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, the bird's the word. . ."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  the figurative use of the phrase \"flipping the bird\" and the phrase's implication in New York City, respectively.","questions":"How is \"flipping the bird\" commonly used in New York City?","answer":"Greeting"}
{"text":["Last year, we gave almost $50 million of our internal resources for aid. So between 25 percent and a third of all of our students had enough grant aid from the college for tuition to be free. Why is that possible?Because we have this endowment that we use to underwrite the cost and to provide opportunities for students.","OK.  You have, as you mentioned, an enrollment of 1,700 students with an endowment of 1. 8 billion. That's more than a million dollars per student. The government only wants to take 1. 4 percent in this proposal.","Well, first of all, 1. 4 percent may seem like a small percent, but that is every dollar there - takes dollars away from students. It takes away either from the quality of educational experience or from our ability to offer aid. And we do this as a public good. We do it for students from all over the country. We admit need blind. So we admit students without even considering how much they can pay. And we're able to do that because of these resources, and we're not unique.","Right. But, you know, if you look at something like Harvard and Yale, they have an endowment of a combined $60 billion. I mean, that's an astronomical amount of money. And, in effect, by it being tax free, aren't we the taxpayer subsidizing these elite universities that are hardly hurting for income?I mean, aren't we all paying for it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Takes dollars away from students\" implies that they are actually taking money from the student's pockets.","questions":"How does the proposed government tax affect students?","answer":"Away"}
{"text":["So this didn't happen overnight. Russian agents start making covert research visits to the United States all the way back in 2014. They used that information to then begin these social media accounts about different political issues, and they start gaining momentum, getting hundreds, then thousands, then hundreds of thousands of likes and follows, even gaining legitimacy and reach by getting retweets and engagement from people in President Trump's orbit, people like Kellyanne Conway, Donald Trump Jr. , engaged with this content.","And then you think back to 2016 when these social media companies were basically saying, we don't have much of a role in election interference. And this report really shows that that's not true. This content was seen by as many as 126 million people on Facebook alone.","Now let's talk about the issue of hacking the Democratic National Committee and Hillary Clinton's campaign. What does the report say there?","So this section got really technical, but the report detailed exactly how these Russian agents ended up getting a hold of these emails that ended up on WikiLeaks. It all starts with a phishing campaign. They're able to break into the account of one account holder with the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, and they basically leveraged that access into being able to start exploring the entire Democratic national party network between the DNC and the DCCC."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There are no idiomatic expressions or figurative language in this turn.","questions":"Which turn mentions the number of people who saw the content on Facebook?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely. The lactobacillus have been around for many years, thousands of years, perhaps millions of years, and they are already, you know, well identified as being able to survive in the human body and thought to be, quote, \"beneficial,\" unquote, bacteria.","Mm-hmm. And it's just a question of testing this out, I would imagine.","Well, yes. So the investigators did test it on human cells, like in a petri dish, where they caused them to get inflamed and then show that by giving them this bacteria, that produces the LFn that decreased that, too. So they've done it in live mice. They've done it in human cells.","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the speaker uses the phrase \"in a petri dish\" which literally means a flat dish used to culture cells. However, in this context, the speaker is using it to refer to an artificial environment created in a laboratory setting. Similarly, the phrase \"live mice\" in this context is used to refer to real, living mice that were used in an experiment.","questions":"How were the human cells tested?","answer":"Petri"}
{"text":["You're listening to SCIENCE FRIDAY. I'm Ira Flatow. Thinking about hitting the gym or going out for a jog this weekend?Well, we all need some kind of motivation to get us going, right?We make the plan. Well, here's a reason to do it, to stick to those plans. Researchers have found that aside from helping us burn calories and shed pounds, exercise changes the DNA, changes the DNA in our muscle fibers, which raises all kinds of questions. Just how do workouts change DNA?","Do we pass on those DNA changes to our offspring?And how do those modifications affect muscle strength and metabolism?Well, here to talk about it is Dr.  Juleen Zierath. She is a co-author of the study in the journal Cell Metabolism, and professor of clinical integrative physiology at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. And she joins us from there. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Well, hi, Ira. Thank you for your interest in our work.","We're very interested, because I don't think anybody has ever given two-minutes thought that exercise changes your DNA."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is actually expressing gratitude and appreciation for the host's interest in their work.","questions":"What is the emotion expressed by the speaker towards the host's interest in their work?","answer":"Appreciation"}
{"text":["No, no. I just - it's always - to me, it's just the joy of storytelling. And I don't think about it. Getting things in on time has never been a problem for me, so I don't worry about it. You know, I remember watching Morgan Freeman when he did the two Alex Cross movies. And he's so confident that he's going to knock the scene dead, and I'm really confident that I can tell a good story now, so I just don't worry about things.","James Patterson. His book for young readers: \"Middle School: How I Survived Bullies, Broccoli and Snake Hill\", co-written with Chris Tebbetts. His adult book, \"Second Honeymoon\", with Howard Roughan. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you. Nice talking to you.","You're listening to WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News.\" The literal meaning of this turn is that the person is informing the listener that they are currently listening to a radio program called WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. The implied meaning, however, is that this is a standard closing statement for the radio program, and it is used to signal the end of the program. It does not literally mean that the listener is currently listening to the program, as the turn can be heard at the end of every episode.","questions":"How does the radio program end?","answer":"NPR"}
{"text":["Well, we approach this as sort of a three-front challenge. We changed policy in this state last year. Seven bills were passed that give us more control over prescribing. It gives law enforcement more authority over pills coming into the state. This litigation is going to give us money to deal with the epidemic. And lastly, when we identify prescribers who are being reckless with their patients. . .","OK.",". . . Or running pill mills, we're prosecuting them.","All right. That's Oklahoma State Attorney General Mike Hunter."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : We are taking strict actions against irresponsible prescribers.","questions":"What is the three-front challenge approach aimed at?","answer":"Prescribing"}
{"text":["I would suggest the European Union needs to be there. I would suggest the Arabs need to be there in various configurations. So I think we need to do that. And I think we need to be much more cognizant of the fact that Syrians are really fearful of the future even more than they are of this hideous Assad regime.","And I want to make very clear, I have absolutely no sense that this guy, Assad, should, you know, lead that country in the future. I'm just saying, from the practical task of trying to enlist various factions, you might start with doing that rather than delisting various factions.","Well, it was interesting, the - I think the first effort involved the Kofi Annan effort sponsored by the United Nations. And they're broke down over the insistence by Mr.  Assad and his backers, including Russia, that he be part of the transition.","Yeah. Well, there's no question that Assad made Kofi's job almost impossible. But, you know, we're now well over a year after that, and I think if there are better coordination with whoever the envoy is, if it's another Kofi, if it's Secretary Kerry or some former senate colleague, say, of Secretary Kerry, I think you could kind of work with the Russians to say, OK, we're going to propose this. Assad won't like it. But Russians, do you agree with what we're doing?If you do, we'd like you to put a little heat on Assad to get him at least not to explicitly oppose it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Putting a little heat on actually means to make trouble for  and pressure Assad.","questions":"How does \"putting a little heat on\" relate to Assad?","answer":"Pressure"}
{"text":["How much did you pay for that last box of Girl Scout cookies you bought?Five bucks, six maybe, maybe more?How about $15 billion?That's the price of a single box if - if it were turned into graphine. Researchers at Rice University in Houston have discovered a way to turn anything with carbon into graphine, the super-strong wonder material that can be worth over two million times the price of gold. You heard that right, two million times.","Forget alchemy, that's for chumps. This is graphene, worth a lot more in its weight of gold. Marc Abrahams, editor and founder of the Annals of Improbable Research is here to tell us why graphene is so pricey and what this invention could mean for nanotechnology. Welcome back to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thanks, Ira, nice to be back.","So what is this thing about turning Girl Scout cookies into graphene?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : nice to be back means its nice that I am here again","questions":"Which turn indicates that the speaker has been on the show before?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["Well, you know, in my opinion, a geek is somebody who obsesses, and who tinkers and who tries to kind of take apart the world - whether that's, you know, in a literal way by disassembling things or reassembling them or in a figurative way by being a writer or a musician or something like that. And Tesla was sort of the embodiment of that. He was almost like a - sort of like a Steve Wozniak, in a way, in that he was kind of this brilliant workhorse that maybe early on was a bit naive about money. He wasn't really concerned with that. He was just concerned with seeing what he could do to the world and how he could change it.","And didn't quite get the same glory as Edison.","He did not, no. He was - he wasn't great at marketing himself, and he wasn't great at making money. He was brilliant. He was a genius, but he was not a businessman.","What does this site look like, this old lab of his?Are there things lying around like his tools, or a half-eaten bag of chips or something that could be auctioned off?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : urn: \"take apart the world\" Actual meaning: To understand or analyze the world in a deep and comprehensive way.","questions":"Which phrase describes a person who understands or analyzes the world in a deep and comprehensive way?","answer":"Geek"}
{"text":["You can point to the same thing in income, in housing, across the board. And if we're not investing very specifically to deal with that, we can continue to expect to see these inequalities to persist.","You are also arguing for a constitutional amendment that would ban the death penalty.","That's right.","Why is this part of a plan to empower black America?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : why this part is used to empower black america","questions":"What plan element empowers Black America?","answer":"Constitutional"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And that's one of the great things about being digital. The librarians' time can be dedicated to working with our students in a teaching role. So a large part of my job and my colleagues' jobs includes being in the classroom, working with the students, showing them how to organize their information digitally.","It was irresistible. I thought about a couple of my favorite books - Ben Hecht, \"A Child Of The Century\" and Edwin O'Connor's wonderful novel, \"The Last Hurrah. \"There are no e-editions, at least for the moment. So if a student at Florida Polytechnic wanted to read those books, what would he or she have to do?","The student could find that book through our integrated library system. And let's say it was available here at Florida State University. They could request that the book be sent from Florida State to Florida Polytechnic.","So I'm going to guess that you're familiar with libraries that have what we call stacks?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of turn (2) is that the speaker was tempted to find out if it was possible for the student to access the books they mentioned.","questions":"Which book did PersonB mention that does not have an e-edition available?","answer":"Edwin-O'Connor's"}
{"text":["You have tough words for President Obama in your Sun-Times column that's been posted now. Let me quote you, \"The president doesn't hurry, not even when his city is bleeding. \"","Those tough words are a function of - he's at the top of the Department of Justice. The Department of Justice - the feds seldom, if ever, hurry. And this - if they did engage in this - would be a civil rights case. While - when Laquan McDonald was shot and lay bleeding on the pavement after 16 bullets entered his body, the fact of the matter was that Ferguson, Mo. , had already jumped off. We were in the midst of other police situations in other major urban areas involving black youth and largely white officers. And so there was a real feeling of a cauldron boiling, and something - needed more largely than was being done to address it.","In Chicago, are there political implications here?","There are certainly political implications. When Laquan McDonald was shot, Rahm Emanuel was entering a tougher than normal mayoral re-election cycle. This would not have done well for him, so the city kept it quiet. But worse than that, Scott, worse than that is that the city and the union did not tell the truth about what happened. They both said hours after. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  Turn (2) implies that the Department of Justice was slow to act in response to a civil rights case, which is different from its literal meaning which is simply that it is a civil rights case","questions":"Which case was the Department of Justice slow to act upon?","answer":"Civil"}
{"text":["Well, let me give you an example. I walked up to some lawmakers in the Great Hall of the People. And they confirmed to me unanimously that they were going to vote in favor of scrapping term limits. And one thing you hear from a lot of Chinese when you ask them is that they say, look. President Xi Jinping is doing a great job. He's getting China lots of respect on the world stage. He's cleaning up corruption at home. He ought to be given a chance to do more. And also, I think it helps to remember that in Chinese political culture, it's basically been the rule of man. And so people feel, let's get a good man, and let's not worry about, if we don't get a good man, what rules are we going to rely on to give him the boot?","You mentioned critics. And there are critics. What are they saying about this?","Well, you don't hear a lot of them because their views are often censored on the Internet. But I think it's safe to say that they feel very gloomy and pessimistic about the current situation. They look into the future - say 10, 15 or even more years - and they just don't see a lot hope for civil liberties, transparent and accountable government or robust civil society. And they just feel that this is a real historic step backwards into the bad, old days.","The bad, old days being China's monarchs of thousands of years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 1: Chinese people prioritize having a good leader over having a leader who follows rules.","questions":"How do Chinese people prioritize leadership?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["I think this team, by necessity, given the circumstances, is going to be focused more on the more immediate dual strategic challenges that could suck us into international adventures that will be devastating to our national interest.","And primarily, at the top of that list, I think you would put Iran.","Yes, and the Middle East, more generally; or perhaps now even some parts of the Sahara in Africa.","Now there are going to be crises like this situation that's developing in Algeria. We obviously still don't know a lot about what's going on there. But where do you see an opportunity to create - for a geo-trategic approach?Iran - everybody says there are a lot of options. None of them, very good."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : adventures implies doing military or conflict based actions in foreign nations","questions":"Which challenges could lead to international adventures?","answer":"STRATEGUC"}
{"text":["That's Theia. That's the Mars-sized planet that people have been invoking all these years, for about the last 40 years now. And that led to detailed models and dozens and dozens of papers exploring this idea of fleshing out various scenarios. And in the last 10 years, we really thought we were approaching the endgame, where we could make the Earth, we could give it its spin, we could, you know, make a moon. . .","And you had it all wrapped up?","We had it all wrapped up, and not only could we make a moon, but we could make a moon that has pretty odd composition. I mean, the moon has a composition that's really odd. It's like - it is like George Darwin said, it's like you pulled a piece of the mantle out of the Earth and popped it into the sky, but. . .","So it's made of mostly Earth stuff?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A planet named Theia has been discussed for 40 years.","questions":"Which planet has been discussed for 40 years?","answer":"Theia"}
{"text":["Right now, the police - I can't tell you for sure. I can tell you as to my prosecutors, what we did is we took the supervisor and the people involved in our charging decisions, and they actually help us work the system. So the process that we have created actually was a collaboration with people in my office. So they are supportive, and they're intrigued by what it's going to look like.","Again, we want to make sure that there are no negative unintended consequences to this. So we're going to be looking at it very closely. We are working with the Sanford people to make sure that we create the right metrics, you know?The goal here is to do something that will do the right things. And part of that will be learning and seeing if there are any negative unintended consequences that - we want to go back and fix them very quickly.","That is George Gascon. He is the district attorney for the city and county of San Francisco. George Gascon, thank you so much for talking with us.","My pleasure, Michel."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The prosecutors collaborated with the supervisor to manipulate the system.","questions":"What did the prosecutors do with the supervisor?","answer":"Help"}
{"text":["Yeah. There was actually at this last Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, there was a talk about a possible Mercurian meteorite.","Would you know it if you found it?","That's the good question. I mean in the case of the Mars meteorites and the moon meteorites, there's actually - we have pieces of evidence from other sciences that can relate to that. And we know that these things are fairly solid. But in the case of a Mercurian meteorite, that would be a little bit harder to do, but it wouldn't be impossible. Hopefully there might be a sample returned sometime in the future.","So there could be around us now and we wouldn't know it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : THere may be mercurian meteorites in the solar system, although not as close \"as around us\" implies","questions":"Which planet's meteorites are harder to identify according to the evidence discussed in the conversation?","answer":"Mercury"}
{"text":["Not so well now. We're expecting to have a peace completely after the election, but we still have a few problems here and there as far as human right is concerned. And there is also killings in some parts of the country, in the west, also in east. So, that's not good.","There are a lot of people who've used music to raise awareness about what's going on in different parts of the world. Why do you think people relate to music as a way of understanding and humanizing other people?What is it about music that's so special?","Music is very natural. We are born - our mothers sing for us. The community welcomes you with music, with singing. So, it becomes part of your being, of your nature. At the same time, when you cry, it's also like singing. So, it seems like singing and music is set of human being. So, when we sing, we cry, we shout, we just bring it outside. So, it's very natural.","And your family had a musical tradition, what was its like growing up?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Why do you think people relate to music as a way of understanding and humanizing other people? What is it about music that's so special?\"","questions":"Which question did PersonA ask about music and understanding in the dialogue?","answer":"Understanding"}
{"text":["\"VIC\" (Member, Overeaters Anonymous): Hi.","Vic, I want to start with you, and I want to be very specific. Give me an example of a day when you completely lost control over your eating.","\"VIC\": It wasn't a day. It was the day before (Laughing) and that day and the next day. But anyway - OK, so I wake up in the morning, totally hung over. Dr.  Lerner - Marty - described very well, you know, having lost control. So, I wake up, I feel terrible, and the last thing I want to do, I think in my rational brain, is eat because I feel so bad. And yet, I know that if I take one bite of anything, I'll be off and running. And I'm scared. I'm really scared.","Let me just ask one thing. When you say hung over, do you mean hung over from overeating or hung\u2026"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B wants to know about VIC's loss of control over eating","questions":"What is the name of the member of Overeaters Anonymous that PersonB wants to start with?","answer":"VIC"}
{"text":["You know, he doesn't.","Well, he's not a reporter then - he or she or it. Yes.","He's actually very friendly.","Very friendly, really, and thanks the editor for improving his or her work?","He does. He even asks for changes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) B's response to A's statement that \"he doesn't\" implies that the subject being discussed is not a reporter, but it also implies skepticism or doubt about the subject's credibility or qualifications.","questions":"Which word implies skepticism or doubt about the subject's credibility or qualifications?","answer":"Skepticism"}
{"text":["Yes.","I just wondered what that photograph brought up for you that made you want to have it as the cover of your album.","That photograph hit me like a ton of bricks. You know, I had - they had sent me about nine pictures, you know, trying to find something for the album. I didn't see the others. That was the only one I saw, and it grabbed me. You know, these little babies standing on the outside. They want to swing. They want to go on the slide.","And it kind of reminded me of my sisters and I. We had that problem when we were growing up. We couldn't go to the beach. We couldn't go to the park. We wanted some grass. Where we lived, we didn't really have any grass. You know, we'd have to play in a vacant lot with dirt and glass. So that photograph grabbed me in the heart and almost brought me to tears. I said, this is the one.","(Singing) Look at us now. Remember when. We've come a long, long way. We tell ourselves stories only we can believe. It's always hard, so hard to leave.","Does singing these songs give you courage?Do you hope it gives other people courage?What do you hope it gives them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The photograph had a strong emotional impact on me","questions":"What was the subject of the photograph?","answer":"babies"}
{"text":["Sure.","We are always so grateful when you come on this show. I got to tell you - we got a lot of noes from Republicans who didn't want to come on this show and talk about gun policy, except, you know, maybe they'll go on Fox News. If the Republicans are proud of their record on guns, why not be interviewed about it?","Well, I can't speak for all of my colleagues on this. I mean, we obviously have a very serious violence problem in the country and particularly a firearm violence issue. And that - you know, we must address it. That said, we also have to respect the rights of people who own. . .","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Republicans are trying to avoid discussing their record on gun policy, but feel comfortable discussing it on Fox News.","questions":"How do Republicans feel about discussing their record on gun policy on this show?","answer":"avoiding"}
{"text":["Well, the call has gone out to our NPR listeners, who are either going to be repulsed or intrigued by what you're talking about here, Terry Lee.","Yeah.","That's toe master Terry Lee speaking with us from the Sourdough Saloon in Dawson City, Yukon. Terry, good luck. Thanks so much.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) B: That's toe master Terry Lee speaking with us from the Sourdough Saloon in Dawson City, Yukon.Terry, good luck.Thanks so much.","questions":"Which saloon is Terry Lee speaking from in turn 2?","answer":"Dawson"}
{"text":[". . . The people coming forward on the basis that they were poor young girls who were often troubled families and in, you know, the care of the state.","Mr.  Ramesh, the five men arrested were all from the Pakistani community of Rotherham, and you have written about this, how did that perhaps complicate the situation?","Well, it complicated it because there was a feeling - or at least the report laid bare - this idea that people were afraid to speak out for fear of being called out as racists. Now, that's part of the story. We have a policy here of community cohesion. The government at the time wanted communities to work things out for themselves and have the gentle hand of government sort of prod them into action. But there was this idea that, you know, people couldn't speak out because of this. And unfortunately, that led to the situation - exacerbated a situation where people weren't paying attention anyway.","People were flabbergasted about the allegations about Jimmy Savile a couple of years ago, the longtime BBC host. And I wonder if people in Great Britain are turning to each other now and wondering - not to wrench things out of context - but if there's something going on and the way they behave as the nation that aids and abets a kind culture of silence when such allegations are made."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B: People in Great Britain are turning to each other now and wondering - not to wrench things out of context - but if there's something going on and the way they behave as the nation that aids and abets a kind culture of silence when such allegations are made.","questions":"Which nation is being referred to in turn 4?","answer":"Great-Britain"}
{"text":["Physically in our experiment that took up - we couldn't really measure it in a scientific way, but between you and me, it's like a speck of dust.","All that stuff on a speck of dust.","Yeah.","And how much room would you need to store all the information in the world?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A speck of dust is teeny tiny, so it implies it is tiny. ","questions":"What is the size of the speck of dust mentioned by A?","answer":"Tiny"}
{"text":["With us now, author and economist Julianne Malveaux, she is president of Bennett College. Welcome, Dr.  Malveaux.","Greetings, Farai. How are you?","I'm doing well, but some people aren't. And let's talk about these figures and really, what is shifting in our economy right now in terms of the different sectors where people are losing these tens of thousands of jobs?","Well, people are looking ahead and they're very uncertain, and that's what we see in markets. We see people laying people off. We also have some challenge in financial market. Certainly, the Bear Stearns' crisis raises all kinds of questions. The housing market, of course, we've talked about that on this program several times, but the fact is that we see a stagnancy. We don't see growth. We see houses that are overvalued. Lots of people in mortgage crisis. People who bought homes within the last five years finding that they overpaid for their homes and they couldn't sell them in what they paid for them, so they're stuck. That removes liquidity."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"I'm doing well, but some people aren't. And let's talk about these figures and really, what is shifting in our economy right now in terms of the different sectors where people are losing these tens of thousands of jobs?\" - The literal meaning is a statement about the current state of the economy and its impact on employment. The implied meaning is a suggestion to discuss the economic issues and the resulting job losses.","questions":"Which sector is experiencing job losses according to the discussion in turn 3?","answer":"different"}
{"text":["Well, I will say he's not so much trapped. He did do the wrong thing, and he knowingly did the wrong thing for what he believed were for the right reasons. But he still did break the law. So there was going to be some sort of comeuppance in regard because I didn't want to do it where he does something illegal, and it's, like, but it's the main character. Let it slide. On the other hand, the idea was to show that once he's there, exactly where he's sending people.","And one of the reasons I found this interesting is there are comics like \"Doonesbury,\" for example, that are known for taking on topical issues, but that has always been the flavor of \"Doonesbury. \"As I said before, this is a legacy comic. I mean, it started in 1952. The people who've been reading this comic aren't necessarily used to this. And I'm wondering how people - or how are your fans, how are the readers of the comic are taking it?","I - we'll use the word fans.","This is a legacy strip. And I'm not trying to go, OK, now I'm just going to make it so now, and it's going to be thing. But on the other hand, you never want any strip or anything to be caught in amber, and you do want it to always be moving and feel like it's alive. So - now, granted, we do have the fantastic elements. Assassins appear regularly in this strip. . .","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A implies that he wants to show the consequences of breaking the law, even for the main character, despite doing it for the right reasons.","questions":"How did PersonA want to demonstrate the consequences of breaking the law?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["And when we returned at the beginning of this year, in the beginning of 2008, we could really see that the sectarian violence was beginning to abate, and that's continued tremendously throughout this year. So we've been able to focus a lot of our efforts on stability operations and infrastructure and just helping with building up the government and the local government forces there. So it's been a really good, positive year, and I think that the soldiers all the way down to the lowest level can see that progress.","And the Status of Forces Agreement, known as SOFA, went into effect today, and that among other things mandates the withdrawal of all U. S.  troops from Iraq by 2011. Are people talking about that?And how is it affecting them?","Well, the SOFA basically states that we will be continuing to work with the Iraqi forces for the remainder of the time that we're here. And it has set a timeline, but our timeline to come home really hasn't changed even according to that. But a lot of the troops now are looking towards the future, knowing that they'll probably wind up going to Afghanistan.","So right now, the schedule of deployments, we don't really know how far out that's going to go, and so people are just sort of looking towards getting our job done here and then heading home to their families."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : SOFA is not affecting the current timeline for troops to come home.","questions":"Which agreement has not affected the timeline for troops to come home?","answer":"SOFA"}
{"text":["You've probably seen the signs in pharmacies now - flu shots here. You can buy shampoo, deodorant, nasal spray, M&M's and a flu shot. But if you're of a certain demographic, you might consider waiting a while before you get that shot. Here's some advice from Dr.  Laura Haynes, a professor of immunology at the University of Connecticut.","The best time for most people to get the flu vaccine would be in October. If you're a little bit older and over 65, I would say between Halloween and Thanksgiving.","Why should older people wait a month or more?Dr.  Haynes says. . .","Their immune response isn't as good to the vaccine. So the protection that's induced wanes more quickly. So therefore, you'd want to wait a little bit longer than you would if you were a younger adult. That way, you're protected throughout the majority of the really bad flu season, which happens from, say, January to April."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) A: On the other hand, in this case, much as you or I might find to step on the flag terribly offensive, it was - it seems to me - actually well integrated into the lesson plan. I think he was probably trying to shock his students. I think that maybe the best way to do that pedagogically, however, is to do something with a little balance. If you think your more conservative students are going to be shocked by the - you stepping on the flag, do something that's going to shock your more liberal students as well to illustrate to both sides in the classroom that shocking speech is also OK.  The literal meaning of this turn is that the act of stepping on the flag was integrated into the lesson plan to shock students and that the speaker suggests doing something with a little balance to shock both liberal and conservative students. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker believes that educators should not shy away from using provocative or controversial material in their lesson plans, even if it might offend some students. The speaker is suggesting that this approach can be a useful pedagogical tool to engage students and challenge their beliefs, but it should be done in a balanced way that respects all viewpoints in the classroom.","questions":"What was the speaker trying to illustrate to both sides in the classroom by doing something that would shock them?","answer":"Beliefs"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . We first went up there. But he and I got to be very close friends.","Bishop Woods remembers the friendship, the music and good food at the Gaston. But it also became a target for hate. On May 11, 1963, two bombs exploded near Dr.  King's room.","But he just happened to have gone home to visit his wife on that day. And the citizens were upset, thinking Dr.  King had been killed. But he hadn't been killed.","What happened to you that day?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: It was a lucky coincidence that Dr. King was not present in the Gaston on that day when the bombs went off. ","questions":"Which day was it when the bombs exploded near Dr. King's room?","answer":"May-11-1963"}
{"text":["I want to kind of mention quickly the things that are floating out there as rumors and are not confirmed. Again, these are things that people are talking about and are not confirmed. There are many people who immediately assumed this is a terror attack. Tovia, this is not confirmed.","Not confirmed. Nothing about the cause of this, whether it was some kind of unintentional explosion from down in a manhole or something or whether it was a bomb. The police do tell me that the bomb squad is on the scene, as you would expect, along with police and fire and rescue, but they are not talking about the cause. They - a briefing is coming soon but it's taking some time to maneuver down there and also to collect some good information, some hard data about what's going on and numbers of injured and the rest.","What agency are you speaking with to confirm what's going on?Is it the Boston Police Department?","Boston police is who I have been talking to. The hospitals are confirming that people are on their way as well.","This is TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"floating out there\" implies that people are talking about this incident without any confirmed information so what is being spread may not be true","questions":"Which word describes the nature of the rumors being spread about the incident mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Unconfirmed"}
{"text":["And how - it has a unique design to it. Who designed it and why does it have the shape it has?","That's a really interesting question. There's - it's actually a complicated story. The chief architect was a man named John Graham Jr. , had a large architectural firm. He was mainly known as the man who invented the first really successful shopping mall, which was here in Seattle, Northgate. He had the task of creating the Space Needle. But he - they got stuck on the design. They had a doodle on a napkin. He had a bunch of architects who began looking at a tower-like structure. They were inspired by a tower, a broadcast tower in Germany, in Stuttgart, which had a restaurant on it. And so they knew they wanted an observation deck. But they were kind of open to what else they would do. They thought about putting a planetarium up there and a helicopter pad.","No kidding.","Yeah. They considered all kinds of things. And - but they were stuck on coming up with a design that was really a wow design. So John Graham hired as a consultant a professor from the University of Washington named Victor Steinbrueck. He's known locally in Seattle as architect-activist who saved the Pike Place Market. But he was a designer, and he worked on the Space Needle design."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They could not think of any ideas on what to build and how to build it.","questions":"How were the architects inspired to design the Space Needle?","answer":"Inspiration"}
{"text":["The balance we saw in Kenya was unexpected. Kenya had had a smooth transition from the rule of Daniel arap Moi to the rule of Mwai Kibaki, and it could very well have turned out that we had two, if it wasn't for some electoral rigging and planning on the part of the two different camps to destabilize the country after these elections.","Ghana's had a smooth transition eight years ago and is going to have another election pretty soon, and it's expected that that will be a free and fair election. Benin is a good place to think about, Madagascar, Mauritius. So I think that, you know, it's important to realize that even though it looks like Africans are always at each others' throats surrounding elections, it's not as dire as we might think.","You mentioned that you believe that elections don't equal democracy. How do you distinguish the two of those?","Well, you know, elections are procedures that we find in democracies. But, you know, there has to be a culture of democracy. If you had a free and fair election, there wouldn't be rigging. There wouldn't be ballot-stuffing and intimidation. So democracy has more components than just elections."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Well, you know, elections are procedures that we find in democracies. But, you know, there has to be a culture of democracy. If you had a free and fair election, there wouldn't be rigging. There wouldn't be ballot-stuffing and intimidation. So democracy has more components than just elections.\"  In this turn, the speaker is using the word \"democracy\" in a broader sense than its literal meaning. The literal meaning of democracy refers to a system of government where power is held by the people or their elected representatives, and decisions are made by majority rule. However, the speaker is using the term to refer to a culture or society where democratic values and practices are ingrained and respected. They argue that free and fair elections alone do not guarantee democracy, as a democratic culture involves more than just electoral procedures.","questions":"How does the speaker define democracy?","answer":"Culture"}
{"text":["And what do you serve?I said $5 bowls of cereal, but expand on that menu if you could.","We sell 120 different cereals from all over the world. So we import cereals from America, from New Zealand, from Australia, from France, from Israel. We import cereals from all over the world, so it's a real experience coming in here because the walls are just littered with cereal memorabilia, toys that you used to get in the boxes. It's a real experience.","Now, I don't for a moment expect you to identify with the people who attacked your store. But can you - can you see where fancy bowls of cereal would kind of fit into their agenda about the world, their neighborhood changing right before their eyes?","I can see their point, but there's also a Versace shop that has just opened up around the corner. They're complaining that people in the area can't afford to come here and afford four pounds for a meal. But there's a Versace shop open around the corner and I think it's - very, very few percent of people in this neighborhood would even be able to walk in there and buy anything. I know I couldn't."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Now, I don't for a moment expect you to identify with the people who attacked your store. But can you - can you see where fancy bowls of cereal would kind of fit into their agenda about the world, their neighborhood changing right before their eyes?\"","questions":"What is the reason for PersonB's question about the connection between fancy bowls of cereal and the attackers' agenda?","answer":"Connection"}
{"text":["And how do you?","So what we found works the best is you need champions within that community. You need strong, influential voices that are going to say we need to accept these girls and women back, and the children. These are victims, it was not their fault. They're part and parcel of our society. So what we do is we identify not just the traditional religious and community leaders, but also those who have an influential voice amongst the women in particular in the community, so that they can become those carriers of the messages that these girls, these women, they deserve our support. They deserve our acceptance back. And then we can open up community dialogues so that people - we can't just dismiss that communities have fear. We must address it head on and allow communities to express those fears, but with religious and traditional leaders providing that voice of reason and tolerance so that these girls and women can come back into their communities.","Rachel Harvey of UNICEF in Nigeria. Thanks for joining us.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that Rachel Harvey is grateful for the opportunity to be a part of the conversation and she appreciates the invitation.","questions":"Which UN agency was mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"UNICEF"}
{"text":["I don't know that all of it will be seen. Some of the evidence went to the grand jury, and in order for that to be revealed, you'd have to go to the judge and show a particularized need for disclosure. There's also some FBI reports and other types of evidence and possibly Freedom of Information Act requests - we'll get that. But I don't think you're going to see everything that the prosecutors accumulated and might have presented in the criminal case.","Because now there's going to be a bunch of different investigations into the circumstances surrounding Jeffrey Epstein's death, might that reveal some information that otherwise would have been hidden?","Well, that's a possibility because as they look at people, there's all sorts of conspiracy theories already floating out there. And as they start investigating who might have had an interest, who had a motive, might that information come out?It could. But we don't know yet. And many questions still may not be answered. I think for the victims, this is going to be hard because they're never going to see Jeffrey Epstein in court, get what they think is due to him. But I think more of the information still could come out.","As you mentioned, there have been a lot of conspiracy theories about Epstein's death. And people are angry. And and I'm wondering, do you share that feeling?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The theories do not float but are being spoken out to repeatedly to a large number of people to see if others will believe them. ","questions":"How are the conspiracy theories being spread?","answer":"Spoken"}
{"text":["Wouldn't you like to know?","I would.","They are being very, very discreet, and they're not telling anybody anything. And I think the usual conclusion from that is that they're not doing things with it that we would be pleased about. One of the things that they appear to have done with it is pay out $1. 6 billion in bonuses and other benefits to executives, which obviously is not something that would have gone over very well. From the banks' perspective, obviously, they will say, hey, wait a minute. We don't put the taxpayer money in a particular bucket and then use that to make certain things. It just all goes into a big cash bucket, and obviously, we have to pay our people. But no, we're not going to give you details on that or anything else even though it's your money.","But they are supposed to use it, or at least the intent of the legislation was for them to use it, to loosen the credit squeeze, to ease up credit and to lend to one another."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : to loosen the credit squeeze means that credit is very harsh and it needs to be less harsh in this context","questions":"Which term describes the banks' behavior regarding the distribution of taxpayer money?","answer":"discreet"}
{"text":["Yes.",". . . Following the election in 2000, when - and I'm sure the news industry was part of it.","(Laughter).","A lot of people said, how can the greatest country in the - you know, you can go to an ATM and get $200. Why can't we have a sleek, electronic voting system in this country?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The news industry was partly responsible for the controversy surrounding the 2000 election and its aftermath, as people questioned why the U.S. had not adopted a more efficient and reliable voting system.","questions":"How did people react to the voting system in the US after the election in 2000?","answer":"Questioned"}
{"text":["Right.","In south L. A. , it's black-Latino. Do you think that the NAACP will or should reach out to particularly other people of color to try to form coalitions?","Well that's been something that Julian Bond has been emphasizing throughout his chairmanship. I'm not sure the various precedents, the CEOs understood it. But it's the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. And Du Bois said at the beginning of the century that it was not jut black people, but black, brown, yellow all the colored races that had to work together. So I think that - and Jealous comes from a community and background where he is very much aware of that. I think the NAACP needs to do it, whatever the tensions are, whatever the issues are, whether it's housing or whose turf is available to whom, or immigration or whatever it is, jobs. I think the NAACP has to that, and I think Ben will do that.","Now, when it comes to civil rights, I talked to a young activist who is very much within the black community. His entire focus is on young black men and yet he hates the term civil rights. He thinks civil rights, the term, has undermined civil rights, the movement, because it's outdated, in his opinion. What do you think on that score?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The NAACP should form coalitions with other people of color","questions":"Which community does Jealous come from?","answer":"Community"}
{"text":["We're back with Donna Brazile and we're talking about superdelegates and how they can shape the Democratic nominee for president. Donna is a superdelegate, she's also a Democrat, and she's uniquely qualified to speak on those issues for that reason. Donna, welcome back.","Thank you so much for having me.","So I understand that you told the New York Times that basically your niece, among nine million other people, has been lobbying you. What does it feel like to get that \u2014 first of all, how did your niece call up?And, you know, did she know that you were a superdelegate. And what about all the other people who were calling you up?What do you say to them?","Well, first of all, I'm flattered by the amount of attention that we all are getting, not just the superdelegates but those who are out there running for pledge delegate today across the country. Look, Democrats are hungry of a victory. They want change. They are tired of George Bush and they don't want to see four more years of Bush\/Cheney."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Democrats are hungry for a victory\" - This turn has a figurative meaning as the word \"hungry\" is used metaphorically to convey the strong desire for success, rather than a physical hunger for food.","questions":"Which word is used metaphorically in turn 3?","answer":"Hungry"}
{"text":["They're all priceless.","Exactly.","Tell us about the priceless ones in your collection. How many do you have in your collection?","We have about - in excess of 1,800 different meteorites. If you consider. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : priceless implies a zero price or worthless, but it really means valuable","questions":"What does priceless really mean?","answer":"Valuable"}
{"text":["You could wear it on your clothing?","Right. Well, their hope is - I mean, the - I think the sort of grand dream here is that if you make these little pocket factory sort of easy, you know, easy to install in cities, then inventors and companies who might have a need for micro solar but didn't want to go through the rigmarole of acquiring those panels before might incorporate them. So you could have sort of more micro solar use. That's their grand dream, although of course they say, you know, who knows?","Well - but you see, working - so the Video Pick of the Week is the video - it's up on our website at sciencefriday. com, in Flora's backyard. You get a little peek. . .","Yeah. Don't judge me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The goal is to make micro solar installation easy and convenient for inventors and companies.","questions":"What is the dream of making pocket factories for?","answer":"Micro-solar"}
{"text":["Feel at home here.","So, you know, the oceans, they aren't just sitting there. It's not just still water. There are currents. There are winds blowing over the top of them. And in case of the circulation in the Atlantic, the wind is blowing, piles water up in the middle because of something called Ekman transport. You can look that up on Wikipedia. And it makes a big pile - a hill of water in the middle of the Atlantic.","Really?","It's about a meter high, something like that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The author is talking about a 'pile' of water which of course is not a thing, instead he is talking about a swelling of the ocean created by water flowing in and being manipulated by currents and underwater streams and such","questions":"What is Ekman transport?","answer":"Water"}
{"text":["All right. Does this activity now go completely unregulated after Congress sort of blocked this legislation taking force?","So since the privacy rule has been blocked, as, you say, a few things have happened. The companies themselves the Internet service providers, have gone on a campaign. They're reassuring users that they do offer opt-outs. Now, they're not opt-ins, but they're opt-outs. And also they say that they do not and will not sell people's individual browsing history. They might use this history but - to tailor ads - but they do not sell it to third parties. One thing that the angry customers have prompted is interest from lawmakers in a bunch of states - to name a few, Massachusetts, Maryland, Minnesota, I randomly picked a bunch of M's - these lawmakers are tackling Internet privacy laws. They're debating them on a state level.","So we may see a change soon. All right. Alina Selyukh, she reports on technology for NPR. Thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"They might use this history but - to tailor ads - but they do not sell it to third parties.\" In this turn, the literal meaning suggests that the companies use users' browsing history to customize advertisements. However, the implicated meaning is that the companies collect and utilize users' browsing history for targeted advertising purposes, although they claim not to sell it to third parties.","questions":"What do companies do with users' browsing history according to A?","answer":"Utilize"}
{"text":["So many things were surprising, Scott, including the willingness of hard-core partisans in both parties to overlook big, obvious problems for their candidates in the primaries and in the fall. And I've been amazed that, for example, the willingness of so many evangelical Christians, people who wanted to emphasize social issues, to embrace Donald Trump with all of his history and all of his attitudes.","Hillary Clinton is ahead in the polls. But the last Washington-ABC News poll showed that she is less trusted than Donald Trump despite the fact that the news industry has documented many lies that he's told during this campaign. How has she run such a strong campaign despite the lack of trust?","One could be cynical and say some of us don't expect to trust our politicians. But look, this is the presidency. And in weighing the balance of assets, her experience does matter to many. She projects determination. She has the support of a united party - unusually united - and a newly popular first couple campaigning for her. And finally, there is her historic appeal to women.","Ron, ratings for news have been through the roof during this campaign. Will you miss it or may the campaign maybe not be over on Tuesday?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3):  When A says \"One could be cynical and say some of us don't expect to trust our politicians.But look, this is the presidency.And in weighing the balance of assets, her experience does matter to many.She projects determination.She has the support of a united party - unusually united - and a newly popular first couple campaigning for her.And finally, there is her historic appeal to women,\" the implied meaning is that while some people may be cynical about trusting politicians, many voters are willing to overlook trust issues and instead prioritize other factors such as experience, determination, and support from a united party and popular figures. Furthermore, A suggests that Hillary Clinton's historic appeal to women is another factor that contributes to her strong campaign. This is different from the literal meaning of the words, which simply describe the reasons why Clinton's experience matters to many voters.","questions":"What are the factors contributing to Hillary Clinton's strong campaign?","answer":"Experience,determination,support,women"}
{"text":["And how do you?","So what we found works the best is you need champions within that community. You need strong, influential voices that are going to say we need to accept these girls and women back, and the children. These are victims, it was not their fault. They're part and parcel of our society. So what we do is we identify not just the traditional religious and community leaders, but also those who have an influential voice amongst the women in particular in the community, so that they can become those carriers of the messages that these girls, these women, they deserve our support. They deserve our acceptance back. And then we can open up community dialogues so that people - we can't just dismiss that communities have fear. We must address it head on and allow communities to express those fears, but with religious and traditional leaders providing that voice of reason and tolerance so that these girls and women can come back into their communities.","Rachel Harvey of UNICEF in Nigeria. Thanks for joining us.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are no turns in this conversation.whose actual meaniniNG are different from their literal meanings .All of the turns are being used in a straightforward and litreal meanings","questions":"How do champions within the community help in accepting girls and women back?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["Why does the American Civil Liberties Union defend the rights of Nazis?Membership and donations have boomed since the 2016 election, as the ACLU has taken on a number of high-profile cases challenging Trump administration policies on immigration, deportation and voter suppression. But some supporters of the organization have questioned the ACLU's defense of the free-speech rights of hate groups, especially following their defense of white nationalist rally at Emancipation Park in Charlottesville a couple of weeks ago, when Heather Heyer was killed. A board member of the ACLU's Virginia affiliate resigned, tweeting - what's legal and what's right are sometimes different. I won't be a fig leaf for Nazis.","We're joined now by the national executive director of the ACLU, Anthony Romero. Mr.  Romero, thanks so much for being with us.","It's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you for having me.","Is the ACLU a fig leaf for Nazis?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone ","questions":"What does having someone imply in turn 2?","answer":"Hosting"}
{"text":["That was where I really developed my love for music. That was where all the walls and lines between music were just taken down for me when I was a kid because I just loved everything. I couldn't understand why everybody wouldn't listen to a country song, everybody wasn't listening to, you know, Rock n Rolls songs. I thought it was awesome.","Radio's gotten a lot more segregated since then, hasn't it?","Yeah. That's an understatement. I mean, the - today everything is so specialty oriented. It's one kind of music and that's all you get to hear on the radio and, you know, I liked it when I was a kid and you could hear anybody on the radio station as long as it was a good song or a hit.","So you go - you're in Hootie & the Blowfish, you have any number of talents and interests musically. \"Learn To Live\" is doing so well commercially. Your R&B record did not find quite the same home."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : LOVE FOR MUSIC AND RADIO HELPS MORE TO HEAR MUSIC LIKE COUNTRYSIDE MUSIC","questions":"What developed for PersonA when they were a kid?","answer":"Love"}
{"text":["And that's the predominant tribe?","That's the predominant tribe. And I think the government will tell you that this is not happening. And it's true that the other sides in this war are also committing atrocities. But what reporting from monitoring groups set up by East African states has found is that the government is leading the charge.","Where is the mediation efforts?Where are other African nations?Where is the United States in trying to bring an end to this conflict?","Everyone is sort of putting their hopes on this peace agreement that brought momentary peace in 2016. The problem is that the former vice president is now in exile in South Africa and not part of these talks. So, you know, observers essentially say this is a dead end."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The government is denying their involvement in the atrocities","questions":"How is the government responding to the allegations of their involvement in the atrocities?","answer":"Denying"}
{"text":["No problem.","Aren't the British the original soccer hooligans?","Yeah, exactly. And the Russian fans rioting in France right now, for them the inspiration was the English football hooligan scene of the 1970s, '80s and '90s even. They see England as a spiritual home of football hooliganism, as it were.","How does football hooliganism wind up being a source of inspiration?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 4) \"How does football hooliganism wind up being a source of inspiration?\"  The literal meaning of this turn is simply asking how football hooliganism can be a source of inspiration. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is expressing disbelief or confusion about how something as negative as football hooliganism could inspire others. The question implies that the speaker does not understand how people could find inspiration in such behavior, and perhaps even disapproves of it.","questions":"What is the PersonA's attitude towards finding inspiration in football hooliganism?","answer":"Disapproval"}
{"text":["No. But what about the misinformation campaign that we keep discovering more about, hacking, what seems to be just a lot of Russian involvement on a lot of different fronts?Why - what is the Russian interest in causing unrest or consternation in the United States or Western Europe?","Well, actually, I think that causing unrest and consternation is an end in itself. And part of it - part of the goa; is psychological. You know, all of us are interested in seeing our worldviews affirmed. And Russia's worldview - the Russian - the contemporary Russian ideology is that the whole world is rotten. Everybody is corrupt. Everything is for sale. Elections and the United States are just as rigged as they are in Russia. And so sowing the kind of disruption that Russia is sowing first and foremost pursues the goal of affirming that view.","Much of your book is devoted to the stories of four Russians who'd hoped that when the Soviet Union came undone, free speech and democracy would take hold. What happened instead?","Well, actually, those four Russians were much too young to hope for anything when the Soviet Union collapsed. They were preschoolers or kindergarteners when the Soviet Union collapsed. But what happened - and I was interested in them because they came of age - you know, they - or they became human beings in the 1990s, a period that is variously portrayed as a flowering of democracy or as a period of chaos and, you know, robber barons and that sort of thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) implies that the four Russians were young during the collapse of the Soviet Union and experienced the transition to democracy or chaos during their adulthood.","questions":"Which period did the four Russians come of age in?","answer":"1990s"}
{"text":["Now, the Russian government doesn't get many chances in this context internationally, on the global stage, to do the right thing. I have been criticizing the Russian government while I am here. What more can I do to satisfy you or any of these critics who hold these positions?The reality is there is nothing that will satisfy them because it is their suspicion, it is their skepticism, it is their distrust of the Russian government as an institution which is motivating this.","I mean, do I have to detail for you the ways in which the Putin government has earned (laughter) some suspicion?","No, no. Absolutely not. Again, I agree with you. This (laughter) - look, look; this is why I have been criticizing the Russian government. There's no distance between us on that. I'm not saying Vladimir Putin is an angel. I'm not even saying Vladimir Putin is a decent guy. What I'm saying is you have to understand there doesn't need to be a quid pro quo here for it to make sense.","Edward Snowden. Elsewhere in the program, he talks about his work at the NSA before he leaked classified information and tells us what's keeping him from returning to the U. S.  to face trial."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Russian government does not get many chances for people to see them all over the world.","questions":"What is motivating the critics to hold positions of suspicion and distrust towards the Russian government as an institution?","answer":"Suspicion"}
{"text":["When we say those reductions are temporary, we have to remember that they go until at least 2025. So for most of us out there, regular working folks, seven years of tax reductions is a big deal. We can have that fight again in seven years. I'm sure the Democrats will be promoting increasing taxes in seven years. That's what the Democrats always promote. The Democrat plan today was to increase taxes by over a trillion dollars. So we have to remember what our alternative option was with the other party.","But why make it temporary for individuals who might need that tax relief when corporations, who are doing very well, get a permanent. . .","Yeah, you and I are on the same page. I think that's craziness. I don't like temporary tax reductions. I don't like temporary legislative fixes, generally. I want to see permanent legislative fixes. So I am against the fact that they are temporary, but I'd rather have, as a person who pays these taxes, as a middle-income person - I'd rather have seven years of tax reduction than what the Democrats were proposing, which was a trillion dollars in increased taxes.","I'd like to talk about the political ramifications. By and large, polls show this isn't popular, and it pushes through some very substantial changes in the financial lives of Americans. Do you think that there will be a cost come 2018?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Do you think that there will be a cost come 2018?\" - The speaker is asking about potential negative consequences in the future, rather than an actual financial cost in 2018.","questions":"Which year is the speaker referring to in their question?","answer":"2018"}
{"text":["Well, do you know, patients liked me 'cause I was really jolly and nice and what they didn't realize is they'd probably been much better off with some mumbling introvert who actually knew something. And in fact, I dreaded it. And my only happy day as a doctor was one sunny summer day where we got no admissions at all and I sat on the lawn outside the hospital and read \"The Longest Journey\" by E.  M.  Forster. That was the only happy day, and in the end, I didn't go back. And I thought, well, what could I do?I'm not qualified for anything else. I thought, the only thing I've done is comedy. And I applied for and got a job with BBC Light Entertainment in radio.","I am among those that think that British humor is one of the great forces for civilization in the world.","(Laughter).","But that being noted, it must be rough to - a challenge to take a comic approach to the Blitz, which is, in a sense, the great national heroic story of Britain."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"But that being noted, it must be rough to - a challenge to take a comic approach to the Blitz, which is, in a sense, the great national heroic story of Britain.\" - This turn does not have a literal meaning, as it expresses the speaker's opinion about the challenge of taking a comic approach to a serious historical event.","questions":"Which historical event does \"B\" refer to as the great national heroic story of Britain?","answer":"Blitz"}
{"text":["Oh no. I think the debate is a crucial - the presidential race, even if you look at state by state. The key battleground states going in to November - Pennsylvania, Ohio, Florida, Michigan, all those states, very, very close. We saw in 1980 a very close race between Carter and Reagan. Once Reagan did really well on that debate, it boosted him and gave him a landslide victory. People are - even though there's three debate plus a vice presidential debate, people are expecting that the presidential race will be won or loss in these debates.","I saw CNN running a poll of expectations a little earlier today. People thinking that Senator Obama might do much better than Senator McCain in these debates. So, how will you know who's won?","Well, because I will tell you, you'll hear me on NPR. No. But I think the real reason is look, a lot of people thought that Al Gore would wipe the floor with George W.  Bush in 2000 and then somehow the media focused on Al Gore's sighs. Not a size, but sighs. His audible sighs during it. So, it's very interesting how we decide to focus on what's important and what's not important, which is unfortunate many times. But I think, it won't be after one debate you'll have three debates and then everybody will sit back and decide what happens.","Ken, I'll be guided by your wisdom tonight. NPR political editor, Ken Rudin. Thanks, Ken."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : wipe the floor with George Bush implies a lot of people though Al Gore would win by a wide margin","questions":"How did a lot of people expect Al Gore to perform against George W. Bush in the 2000 debate?","answer":"Well"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me.","What new details did we learn with this filing?","So the new filing focuses on five extramarital affairs that Duncan Hunter had when he was in Congress, the first one starting just four months after he was elected and took office in April 2009. So he took office in January.","The longest feature in the filing is about an individual identified as Individual 14, who was a lobbyist. And they spent campaign money on things like a ski trip together, a thousand-dollar hotel tab. They went to concerts together. And they also went on a double date with another congressperson to Virginia Beach, but that congressperson has not been identified."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Duncan Hunter had extramarital affairs while in Congress","questions":"What was the focus of the new filing related to Duncan Hunter?","answer":"Affairs"}
{"text":["Do you feel confident that a vaccine could essentially contain the outbreak?","We are confident that the vaccination is a good complementary measure. So by the time we started the vaccination, we already had a number of cholera cases. What we are trying to prevent is an outbreak of huge proportions that would essentially make our entire health system collapse completely.","Dr.  Ilesh Jani is director general of Mozambique's National Institute of Health. Thank you for speaking with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone","questions":"Which word in turn 3 implies engaging with someone instead of owning them?","answer":"Having"}
{"text":["I think that, you know, the fantasy genre, it lets you explore all these human emotions and feelings. But now, going back and learning about his passion for language and realizing that each word, name of a place or person, it's steeped in so much history and thought that you realize that the reason these worlds feel so realistic and are easy to disappear into are because of the amount of work he put into it - and building maps so that he could figure out how long it would take a character to travel from this area to this area and if they could reliably be there in the time it needed for the story to work and make sense. And just things that - the depth of his knowledge and creation was incredible.","So last question, I understand that you can speak some Elvish now (laughter) as part. . .","(Laughter).",". . . Of your going into the characters. I was wondering if you could say something for us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : You don't disappear but get involved in the story due to the worlds.","questions":"What is the reason the worlds feel realistic?","answer":"Work"}
{"text":["So is this new policy on Iran loud huffing and puffing or a strong and proportionate response?Well, for one view on it, we are joined by Suzanne Maloney. She was an adviser to the State Department on Iran issues during the George W.  Bush administration, and she is now with the Brookings Institution. Welcome.","Thank you.","So we heard the president say that these sanctions are going to deny access to key financial resources from the senior leaders of Iran. Do you have a sense of what exactly the sanctions are going to do?","I think that may be a bit of an overstatement about denying key economic resources to the Islamic Republic of Iran. Iran is already heavily sanctioned. In fact, many of the organizations and institutions that are associated with the Office of the Supreme Leader that were highlighted in today's announcement have already been subject to American sanctions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The sanctions may not be as effective as the president suggests.","questions":"What is the view of PersonA on the effectiveness of the sanctions?","answer":"Overstatement"}
{"text":["Oh, it was amazing. It was phenomenal. For comedians, we don't really have many prestigious things. We don't have the Olympics. We don't have an all-star game. We don't have - so there's very few milestones you can achieve as a stand-up comedian, and being on a late-night talk show, especially \"The Tonight Show,\" which goes back to the Carson days, I mean, that's - that is what you strive for, you know?","So it was amazing to come out and do that. Although it was funny, I mean that wasn't my lifelong dream because I didn't even know about that. So people ask me, they go, was that - well, I mean, this must have been your dream since you were a child. I go, no, no. Actually, my dream when I was child was to be free and just to get more candy. That's really all I wanted. So. . .","They go together.","Yeah. Leno came much later on. That was - but it was an amazing, amazing time, being on the show."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"my dream when I was a child was to be free and just to get more candy.\" - The speaker is using humor to downplay the idea that appearing on a late-night talk show was their lifelong dream. They are implying that their childhood dream was much simpler and less ambitious than what they have achieved as an adult.","questions":"How would you describe the PersonA's childhood dream in one word?","answer":"Candy"}
{"text":["Your narrator and her husband are audio journalists and archivists. The husband declares they have to relocate to fulfill his project to tell the story of the Apache nation. But she finds a story, too, doesn't she, in a woman named Manuela who has two daughters.","That's right. The narrator and mother of the kids who are travelling in this car from New York towards Arizona towards the old Apacheria has met - in her daughter's school had met a woman called Manuela. And she's been working with her husband on a big sound project recording all the languages spoken in New York. And she asks this woman, Manuela, if she can record her. This woman speaks (unintelligible) which is a very rare Mayan language. And the woman says fine, but in exchange, she asks her to translate some documents, legal documents, of her daughters who are on their way from Mexico to the U. S.  border.","And these two girls, when they arrive in the U. S.  border as happens with all the kids that arrive here seeking asylum, are first placed in an ICE detention space - an icebox they call them colloquially. And then these girls are transferred to a shelter. And at some point, they go missing. So the narrator of the novel becomes deeply involved with looking for these two girls, helping Manuela look for her daughters.","I made a note of your line. The son says that if they ran off, he said ma would start thinking of us the way she thought of them, the lost children, all the time and with all her heart."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The husband's project is more important than the narrator's project.","questions":"How does the narrator become involved in looking for the missing girls?","answer":"Translation"}
{"text":["Is your area of focus because you believe, you know, what's the old classic Willie Sutton line: why do you rob banks?'Cause that's where the money is.","I would say it's more where the need is. For many years, we had invested in pharmaceutical companies, some device companies. With the advent of the Internet, it was time to bring technology, information technology to health care. You know, hospital systems, payers, physicians' offices were really in the dark ages of technology. I mean, back then, we were literally just wiring up physicians with the Internet in order to get them online. And I think our view is that with better information and information sharing, there's a better coordination of care. If you think about patients which bounce around to different doctors and then have the same diagnostic tests repeated three times, that doesn't help the patient. That only adds cost to the system. And when you have miscommunications between hospital systems and physicians, then you have poor care.","Is - forgive me for putting it in a simplistic way - is health care the new real estate?","I do think there's more innovation and investment going into the area. Some of that will be unwise. It always is in venture capital. We're investing in early-stage companies. Do I think it's a bubble?No, I don't think it's a bubble. I think there are so many ways that we can improve health care delivery today that it's worth a tremendous amount of investment in systems and information to do so."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is using the phrase \"is health care the new real estate?\" as a metaphor to ask if health care is becoming a popular and lucrative investment opportunity, similar to how real estate was in the past.","questions":"What phrase did the speaker use as a metaphor to ask about the popularity of investment in health care?","answer":"New"}
{"text":["1-800-989-8255 is our number, talking with Annalee Newitz, author of \"Scatter, Adapt, and Remember: How Humans Will Survive a Mass Extinction. \"Of course you could have a sudden mass extinction like that asteroid that hit us, you know, and wiped out all that life, or something slower that could take a lot longer time to develop. Are there two different strategies for that, surviving that?","Actually, the idea that there is such a thing as a rapid mass extinction is kind of a misnomer. We have - we've all heard about, you know, the dramatic end that the dinosaurs met when an asteroid crashed into the planet. And also now it turns out that there were mega-volcanoes going off at the same time in India. So there was this kind of horrible one-two punch with volcanoes and. . .","The perfect extinction.","Yeah, great Michael Bay movie material, if he were ever to actually make a film that was scientifically accurate."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : No one nis literally expecting this scenario to be in a Michael Bay movie. The implication is that it involves a huge, damaging scenario that sounds unrealistic.","questions":"Which scenario does turn 3 imply?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["What is - let's start with this. What is your personal collection to the work and the images in this book?","Well, to me this was a labor of love. I've been living in the U. S. I came back to England. It's my homeland. I came back to London, my home city, and I felt that the culture of the young black people in particular here were suffering from a kind of deficit, historically speaking.","There were younger people in my neighborhood who were bereft of history, who took their idea of themselves from watching their kind of generic hip-hop video material that they got from the video screen rather than really inquiring into the particular history and experience of our communities in this country.","As I looked at the book, I was trying to find a theme, and I don't know if I found one or not. What was, in your view, the major trends or themes that you saw unfolding over the century that are depicted in these photographs?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"labor of love\" is a figurative expression meaning \"a task done for enjoyment or personal satisfaction, rather than for money or reward\"","questions":"How would you describe the reason behind PersonA's work in one word?","answer":"Love"}
{"text":["That's right. And the U. S.  scientists had been very disappointed in the '58 Brussels fair because they felt the Russians had outshone us in terms of science. And they said we need to do something. And the Seattle guys came along and said, we want to do a fair. You want a science fair. That's what this will be about. The Space Needle was designed to be a symbol of the kind of uplift that science and technology represented to the world.","When they broke ground on the Space Needle, it was literally the same time that the Berlin Wall was being built. And it became this kind of symbol about the difference between us and the Soviets. They were putting up barbwire. We were putting up a vista to the world.","Talking with Knute Berger on SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow here at - in Seattle at the Pacific Science Center right next to the Space Needle. If it were to be built today, would anything be built differently about it, structurally or design-wise or is it almost a perfect needle?","You know, I asked the engineer who's still alive who worked on it. I asked him that exact question. I said what would you today?And he said, basically, we wouldn't anything different. He said we could take some of the weight out of it. They overbuilt it. He. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They felt the Russians had done a great deal better than they had. The Seattle guys contacted them about doing a fair. The Space Needle is a large tower with a pointed end at the top.","questions":"What did the Seattle guys propose to do?","answer":"Fair"}
{"text":["Hurricane Dorian is pounding the Carolinas. Parts of downtown Charleston are already flooded. It has weakened since it hit the Bahamas as a Category 5 storm. At least 20 people are confirmed dead there, and that number is expected to rise as recovery efforts are just beginning. Parts of the Abaco Islands in the Bahamas are destroyed.","Alex Cepero stayed in the Abacos town of Marsh Harbour, thinking he could ride out the storm with his two dogs, but Hurricane Dorian destroyed his home while he was still inside of it. And I want to warn listeners that this is a wrenching story. Alex, thank you for talking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","You're welcome.","First of all, are you OK?Were you injured or hurt during the storm?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The story is emotional and difficult to hear.","questions":"Which word describes the story?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["As you were growing up, your father wouldn't even let you sit back in a chair.","My father believed the world was divided between those who were mentally and physically strong and those who were weak and lazy. For this, I had to undergo a physical and psychological training.","Can you tell us about those nights in the cellar?","From the age of 6, I had to spend one night a month in the basement meditating on death. I sat on a stool, alone, in the dark, surrounded by rats. And I had a cardigan with small bells on it. I wasn't allowed to let the bells tinkle, as it meant that I was moving. It was one of his exercises.","There are just too many instances of abuse and cruelty to recount - I mean, the way he didn't turn on the heat, the way he made you bathe in his dirty water. He said he gave you his energy that way or something.","Yes. There was a lot of violence in what my father made me do. We could describe it as sadistic. For him, violence was meant to make me stronger and to remind me that life was horrible."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 1. The implied meaning of this statement is that the father was very strict and did not allow the speaker to relax.","questions":"What was the father's belief about the world?","answer":"Strong"}
{"text":["Does an event like this and forecast like that have the effect of concentrating the mind of not just financial planners. . .",". . . but people in Congress making these decisions. And I hear a little laugh.","You would think it would. And in the past, it has. I mean, as they gotten closer to the deadline, enough fear spread that they could pass something or do something or kick the can or whatever. But this time, one of the things that makes this time feel different is that there really are a lot of House Republicans who say, ah, let it default. It'll just shrink the government, will be all good. And it is an act of - I don't even know how to describe it. It's insanity.","Yeah. Well, Austan Goolsbee, I believe, used that word. Quick last question, if we could. So, October 17th is a real deadline but you think some of the effects, potentially, will be down the road."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The phrase \"down the road\" is a figurative expression meaning at some point in the future.","questions":"Which phrase did Austan Goolsbee use to describe the situation?","answer":"Insanity"}
{"text":["In - yes, all of those things. There were royal guards lining a red carpet that extended from Air Force One all the way to the terminal, children with flowers, trumpets, jets flying over with red-white-and-blue smoke trails decorating the sky. And then that was actually only the first arrival ceremony. There was a second arrival ceremony at the royal court, where a band played \"The Star-Spangled Banner. \"There were bagpipes. The president was awarded a medal, one of the top honors in the country for for people who are not from Saudi Arabia. Now, President Obama. . .","I've seen that on the television images. It looks like the kind of thing a sommelier wears in a classy restaurant.","(Laughter) I don't think I go to those kind of restaurants, Scott.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of (3) and (4) is that A and B are laughing, but their actual meaning is that A and B are joking with each other.","questions":"What is the actual meaning of PersonA and PersonB's laughter?","answer":"Joking"}
{"text":["No. OK. The regime have been mistaken for certain things. We used to have corruption. It's not new. Everybody knows that. But most of the Syrians think that the corruption and the mistakes the regime have, it's not to be correct this way.","This way meaning. . .","Destroying the country, killing people.","What do you think about the regime killing Syrian civilians and perhaps with chemical weapons?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The regime has been causing damage to the country and harming innocent people.","questions":"How has the regime been affecting the country and its people?","answer":"killing"}
{"text":["And no birthdays, no Christmas, no nothing. And at age 15, I couldn't take it anymore, so I moved in with my real father, but I didn't know he was a pimp. And the transition from living in essentially a middle-class, suburban area, because he sold BMWs and Porsche automobiles, he did very well. Moving from that middle-class area and the. . .","And the picket fences, all the way to the other end of East 14th, where it was like. . .","Cars sliding by, was a huge transition. Going from one spectrum to another. And I was essentially a nerd coming out of knocking on doors and moving into where my brothers and everybody was like, David, we're about to have another party. And like, oh, really?How do I fit in here, you know?","Right, right."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A had a difficult childhood with no celebrations, and later moved in with his father who was involved in illegal activities.","questions":"Which celebrations did PersonA miss out on in his childhood?","answer":"Birthdays"}
{"text":["There are U. S.  citizens who've been caught up in these really devastating attacks. I can't give out more details at this time because of privacy concerns. But I think we're all just very shocked and saddened by the breadth of the attacks and how senseless they were, particularly targeting people as they worship this morning at Sunday services and were enjoying holiday meals at several of the big hotels.","Right - Easter day. Now, a decade ago, Sri Lanka ended an extremely violent civil war where large-scale suicide bombings were common. Do we know why this now after a relatively peaceful past 10 years?","That's a good question. We don't really have all the answers we want about who was behind these attacks. I don't believe they were linked to that conflict period. But for a country trying to recover, trying to achieve reconciliation among the ethnic and religious groups here, this is not going to support that effort.","Could you tell us more about the ethnic and religious makeup of Sri Lanka and whether those demographics are relevant to what is happening today?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : implies that the speaker has information about U.S. citizens affected by the attacks, but cannot disclose it due to privacy concerns. The use of passive voice (\"have been caught up\") and vague expressions like \"devastating attacks\" and \"senseless they were\" create a sense of emotional distance and uncertainty, while the phrase \"I think we're all just very shocked and saddened\" suggests a shared reaction.","questions":"Which phrase used by the speaker implies emotional distance and uncertainty in turn 0?","answer":"vague"}
{"text":["Yeah. Some of the Republicans who used to sound the alarm about rising deficits during the Obama administration seem less concerned about that now. I'm not sure if that's because they've gotten some new economic theory. It may have more to do just with who's in charge. During the recession, we saw dire warnings about debt-to-GDP ratios. Those turned out not to be true. A better question might be, you know, what are we running up the debt for?","During World War II, the country ran huge deficits, and I think history generally considers that money well spent to preserve democracy, defeat the Nazis. We'll see how history judges deficit spending now to provide tax cuts and boost government spending in an economy that's already close to full employment.","That is NPR's White House correspondent Scott Horsley. Thanks so much.","Good to be with you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Deficit spending to provide tax cuts may not be judged favorably in history","questions":"How might history judge deficit spending for tax cuts?","answer":"unfavorably"}
{"text":["\"VIC\" (Member, Overeaters Anonymous): Hi.","Vic, I want to start with you, and I want to be very specific. Give me an example of a day when you completely lost control over your eating.","\"VIC\": It wasn't a day. It was the day before (Laughing) and that day and the next day. But anyway - OK, so I wake up in the morning, totally hung over. Dr.  Lerner - Marty - described very well, you know, having lost control. So, I wake up, I feel terrible, and the last thing I want to do, I think in my rational brain, is eat because I feel so bad. And yet, I know that if I take one bite of anything, I'll be off and running. And I'm scared. I'm really scared.","Let me just ask one thing. When you say hung over, do you mean hung over from overeating or hung\u2026"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Vic has lost control over eating in the past.","questions":"Which word describes how Vic feels when he wakes up in the morning?","answer":"Terrible"}
{"text":["Why would Hezbollah have anyone in Latin America except on vacation?","Well, historically there have been and are very large Lebanese expatriate communities in South America and Africa and, more recently now, in North America. And of course the vast, vast majority of those communities are perfectly law-abiding and wonderful people. But within those communities, over the course of the Lebanese civil war, you had some people who were providing support back home to one or another side of the civil war. And in the wake of the civil war, that continued. And as Hezbollah became the primary powerhouse on the Shia political, social and military side of the equation, support for the group continued to flow from the Shia Lebanese expatriates, some of whom were only supporting the group because it supported the Shia community back home and others because they supported the group's opposition to Israel, opposition to the West and sometimes even its axe militancy at home and abroad.","And what do the drug cartels get out of this arrangement?","They get their product moved. They get the proceeds of their transactions laundered. And those are the two things, along with production in the first instance, without which they don't function. And they really don't care who they do business with. They don't care if you call yourself Hezbollah or something else. Most of the people that do this for them are not terrorists. As long as you can move product and launder product, they don't really care about the rest of it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : And what do the drug cartels get out of this arrangement? Implicated meaning: The speaker is asking about the benefits or advantages that the drug cartels gain from their involvement or collaboration with Hezbollah. The speaker suggests that there is an arrangement between Hezbollah and the drug cartels, indicating a deeper connection and mutual benefit beyond a simple association.","questions":"What is the primary thing that the drug cartels need in order to function?","answer":"product"}
{"text":["The United Nations, in a new report, paints a picture of just how violent Venezuela has become. The U. N.  human rights chief says security forces have killed nearly 7,000 people over the past year and a half. She says, quote, \"a shockingly high number of these were extrajudicial killings at the hands of what interviewees called death squads. \"All as President Nicolas Maduro has vowed to stay in power.","NPR's Philip Reeves joins us now with more on that report. Philip, can you give us a little more detail on what the U. N.  team found in Venezuela?","Yeah. This takes a very broad look at the crisis in Venezuela over the last year up to this May. But a couple of things really leap out at you. One is the treatment of men and women in detention. The report says people are frequently arbitrarily detained and cites evidence of a variety of forms of torture - routinely used, it says - against prisoners by the intelligence or security services, others a form of punishment or to get them to talk. And that includes electric shocks, suffocation by plastic bags, waterboarding and sexual violence.","And the other striking section concerns those extrajudicial killings you mentioned. The Maduro government says, since the beginning of last year, some 7,000 people were killed in security operations, as you mentioned. And it says this was for resisting authority, as it puts it. But the U. N.  rights team believes many of these may be extrajudicial killings."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The situation in Venezuela is very violent and dangerous.","questions":"How many people have been killed by security forces in Venezuela according to the UN report mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"7000"}
{"text":["Correct.","And that's the idea?","That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.","Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implied Meaning: Is this the overall goal we are striving towards?","questions":"Which word describes the country's state according to the turn mentioned?","answer":"President-Kabila"}
{"text":["This report also looked at who could possibly pose this sort of threat, where they're based. What were the findings there?","Al-Qaeda is probably still the lead terrorist group. There are others, as we're seeing, or could be seeing, in India right now. Some of them are regional in nature, but the problem is that these terrorists all have organizationally the sophistication to get the technology to use one of these weapons. And we know that they have the desire to do it.","Now, we don't think they have the capability yet, but they have the sophistication to get it. And it terms of bio, if they recruit the right, you know, bio scientist or two, they get the technical capability.","Do the recent bombings last week in Mumbai add any weight to this report?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Al-Qaeda is the most likely terrorist group to use weapons","questions":"How is Al-Qaeda characterized in terms of weapon usage?","answer":"Likely"}
{"text":["All right.",". . . I will say. . .","My generation.","(Laughter) This is - you know, the past two years have, of course, been dominated by the Russia investigation, the Mueller probe. And that was centered on the idea of foreign influence in the 2016 election from Russia. And now we have, you know, what appears to be a conversation between President Trump and the president of Russia's neighbor Ukraine talking about looking into a political opponent, Joe Biden, and his son. And so this does raise questions, again, about foreign interference and what the president is inviting or doing heading into the 2020 campaign.","If we can get a yes-or-no question, have you confirmed that this is the subject of the whistleblower's complaint?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A whistle was not blown but a person complained about an event publically that could be illegal.","questions":"What was the subject of the person's complaint?","answer":"Russia"}
{"text":["Look, I think the president's actually been very clear about the things that he wants. He wants to address border security, he wants to deal with chain migration, and he wants to deal with the lottery. And he's certainly willing to provide legal status for DREAMers. So if those are your four principle points and they've been known for months, there ought to be a way to reach an agreement.","Border security means a wall?","It means border security. The president's acknowledged he's not talking about a wall from sea to shining sea. But it does require physical structures in a lot of places. Back in 2006, Congress actually voted for about twice the amount of physical barriers that we have today - so finishing that off, rebuilding parts of it. But again, as both General Kelly and the president acknowledged, we're not talking about a wall across the entire length of the border. But we are calling for much more intense border security.","Representative Tom Cole of Oklahoma, thanks for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A: Look, I think the president's actually been very clear about the things that he wants... So if those are your four principle points and they've been known for months, there ought to be a way to reach an agreement.  Implication: A is suggesting that the four principle points that the president has mentioned are clear and have been discussed for months, and therefore there should be a way to reach an agreement based on them.","questions":"What is PersonA's proposed solution based on the fact that the four principle points have been known for months?","answer":"agreement"}
{"text":["My father believed the world was divided between those who were mentally and physically strong and those who were weak and lazy. For this, I had to undergo a physical and psychological training.","Can you tell us about those nights in the cellar?","From the age of 6, I had to spend one night a month in the basement meditating on death. I sat on a stool, alone, in the dark, surrounded by rats. And I had a cardigan with small bells on it. I wasn't allowed to let the bells tinkle, as it meant that I was moving. It was one of his exercises.","There are just too many instances of abuse and cruelty to recount - I mean, the way he didn't turn on the heat, the way he made you bathe in his dirty water. He said he gave you his energy that way or something."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : His views of the world were oppressive and unfair, requiring certain people to be subjected to physical and mental hardships.","questions":"Which training was one of his exercises?","answer":"Basement"}
{"text":[". . . About 30 seconds left.","OK.","Do you think the administration perceives ISIS as a greater threat than the Assad regime in Syria and is making that choice in so many words?","Scott, that's the problem. The Iraq strategy is clear, but the Syria strategy is a muttle (ph) because there's a desire to the defeat ISIL. And we've had some success with the Kurds in the north, but there hasn't been a clear strategy vis-a-vis Assad. These are two problems that are connected, and you can't have a strategy that's just about one. We're hoping for a, you know, a strong outcome to these discussions in Geneva, the restart of a peace discussion about Syria. But we've been pursuing a strategy in Syria that's kind of a half strategy without having a strategy on Assad and the refugee crisis and so many other (unintelligible) for that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) implies that B is asking A to comment on the administration's decision to prioritize the threat of ISIS over the Assad regime in Syria, ","questions":"Which regime is mentioned in the turn 2 of the dialogue?","answer":"Assad"}
{"text":["Well, the regulations that I'm most concerned with are the ones that could be causing issues in getting approvals, new chemistries approved for crops that we grow. Cuts to different agencies could cause approval processes to take longer, which certainly in times where you have different pests and things that need taken care of, whether it's plant pests or, in our case, we have cattle as well, and if there's problems there and we don't have the ability to treat our plants or animals well or with the latest tools - you definitely want things to be safe. But it seems more like it's being pushed to the back burner for political reasons. It's very frustrating as a farmer sometimes when you see needs for things and you know there's fixes coming but regulatory issues are holding them up.","I have to ask, has your business been affected by climate in recent years?","(Laughter) Well, in the agricultural business, everybody's affected by climate. You know, I think anybody that says there's not changes happening is somewhat naive. On the other hand, it's the things that we can do to figure out what things we can do long term to make sure we're, you know, in good position to continue to grow the crops that we have here in the U. S.  and hopefully be profitable in the future and continue to be, you know, the largest producer of food in the world.","Kevin Ross, who grows corn and soybeans and raises cattle in Minden, Iowa, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The government\u2019s lack of interest and prioritization of political issues is causing a delay in getting necessary approvals and treatments for crops and animals.","questions":"How is the government affecting approvals and treatments for crops and animals?","answer":"Approvals"}
{"text":["Like, for example, in Denmark, they have these open sandwiches that they're very famous for. And they really say a lot about, you know, Denmark as a country, being a very rich agriculture region, and you see this on these sandwiches. You know, they're fully laden with a huge spectrum of different toppings, very sort of rich and opulent sandwiches that you can't even - you know, you have to eat them from a plate with knife and a fork, right?","Yeah.","And then if you go up to where I grew up, a sandwich there would probably be more of a, you know, a piece of flatbread with a layer of butter and a layer of cheese on it that you would eat standing up. And I think it's a very interesting thing, you know, those things that, you know, are kind of a broader concept exist in a big geographic region but that vary a lot depending on where you are.","Chef Magnus Nilsson of \"The Nordic Cookbook. \"Thank you, chef."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"they really say a lot about, you know, Denmark as a country\" - This turn means that the open sandwiches are representative of Denmark's rich agricultural region, not that they literally communicate something about the country.","questions":"Which country has open sandwiches that are fully laden with a huge spectrum of different toppings?","answer":"Denmark"}
{"text":["Well, just along those lines, we read reports that temperatures in the contiguous 48 states have been above average in each of the last 15 months, which has never happened for as long as people have been keeping records, and that 2012 is on track to be the warmest year ever. As we read about this record Arctic ice melt, is this a coincidence?","Well, it's all part and parcel of the same thing, but I will say that January through August of this year has been the warmest period - January through August period since 1895 when they started taking temperature records. That's in the contiguous lower 48. Alaska has actually had a fairly average year, so everything doesn't march in lockstep. But again, the situation with the ice and the Arctic is this has been accumulating over decades of warming up there, and we're finally seeing the results of that.","So this one summer was not at all a key up there. In fact, what was interesting to one of the scientists I talked to, he said, basically, you know, what was astounding about this was that there was no astounding weather pattern up there that explained this dramatic difference. It was just kind of reaching this point of where the ice was just so thin that it was just ready to crumble.","Ice is white. It reflects light. The sea is blue. It does not reflect light. It absorbs it, and thereby, the heat that comes with it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There was no extraordinary weather pattern to explain the dramatic ice melting in the Arctic, it was caused by the ice being too thin.","questions":"How was the dramatic ice melting in the Arctic caused?","answer":"Thin"}
{"text":["It's been, you know, the most difficult and the most rewarding. And as I've performed in America and in England, I've seen some of the slight language differences have actually come up between, you know, performances and altering things.","Joe, do you think that you've learned something about human nature, in other words, the things that the psychologists are trying to put - to quantify and put numbers on. Do you think that you've instinctively figured out some things about human nature, about how the mind works, and how perception works?","JOE #2: Absolutely. Absolutely. And it's the most rewarding part about being a magician, I think. And I think that anybody who would want to go to your public library and get, you know, the first book on card tricks or coin tricks or whatever interests you, you'll find that you'll learn way more than just how to do a trick at a party because it's in performing that trick at a party or for your friends or your family that you'll find that you get a little inside glimpse at the backstage of the human mind.","Interesting. Joe, thanks very much for your call. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION on NPR News. Teller, we have an email that's just come in. Guess what the guy's name is."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) The implied meaning is that the speaker has encountered some subtle differences in language between American and British audiences while performing, which has been challenging but also rewarding.","questions":"Which country did the speaker experience language differences in?","answer":"England"}
{"text":["I think there's also a message to be had in the region. Mr.  Trump in Tokyo, with all the pomp and circumstance, with even the irritations on trade and that mixed signal in North Korea - it was clear that this is an alliance that was vibrant, that was coherent and that was still being deeply supported by both countries. That's the message Mr.  Abe wants to send to Pyongyang and certainly the message he wants to send to Beijing.","That pomp and circumstance extended to the appearance of Trump 2020 campaign banners. They were visible as the president was making his way through Japan's streets. Another of the events that he attended was this sumo tournament. Why is Prime Minister Abe so intent on courting President Trump?","Well, you know, you - the backdrop here, too, is the Japanese people are not as critical of President Trump as many of the citizens of our other allies in Europe, for example. The president and the prime minister do have a reasonably strong working relationship. The Japanese diplomats pointed out before the visit that they've spoken or met 42 times since the president came into office.","Forty-two times, wow.","An unprecedented amount of contact. So I think there's still this sense that this is a good partnership and that Mr.  Abe can make it work."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The relationship between President Trump and Prime Minister Abe is stronger than with other allies","questions":"What is the number of times President Trump and Prime Minister Abe have spoken or met since the president came into office?","answer":"42"}
{"text":["Help us understand how - what life has been like in Venezuela over the past few years that's brought the country to this point.","Venezuela's shockingly misgoverned. It's hard to wrap your head around a country that has lost half of its GDP in five years without a war. That's worse economic performance than Syria. It's the - only the first case of hyperinflation in Latin America in the 21st century. Inflation is running at over 1 million percent a year, and prices are doubling every three weeks or so. And so what we've seen is a mass exodus. People have just walked - in many cases, actually walked - tens, hundreds of kilometers to the border of Colombia and Brazil to find a better life in neighboring countries.","So it's a first humanitarian crisis in South America in the 21st century. And neighboring countries have never seen anything like it. Colombia had to send a fact-finding team to the Turkish-Syrian border to figure out how to deal with an influx of hundreds of thousands of desperate, hungry people.","Can your reporters operate freely?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to wrap your head around something in this context means to understand something that is really horrible","questions":"Which country's economic performance is worse than Syria's in the context of this dialogue?","answer":"Venezuela"}
{"text":["You've been on this beat for a while.","I have, a decade or so.","Any - ever seen anything like it?","Wow. I think this is a story I will tell the grandkids about covering."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), \"tell the grandkids\" means to pass on the experience as a memorable story.","questions":"What did the speaker say they would do with the experience?","answer":"Pass"}
{"text":["Non-binary meaning they don't identify as male or female. They and many other English speakers have been using they like this for years. Here, Emily Brewster will use it in a sentence.","Here is my friend J. They will be joining us for dinner. The they is referring to this individual who is standing right here.","Now, there's been criticism of this usage - some by those who don't understand why someone might identify as non-binary but also by those who are put off by this change in grammar. They - the critics - say it's confusing to hear they are in a sentence if the speaker is only referring to one person. But our word expert disagrees. Brewster says we already do this with another pronoun.","The word you was originally a plural pronoun, and in the 14th century, it started to slide toward this use of being both plural and singular. And so when I am speaking to you, an individual, a single person, I say you are. I don't say you is. The you are is grammatical."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The usage of the word started to become used as singular and plural.","questions":"Which word started to slide toward the use of being both singular and plural?","answer":"you"}
{"text":["And so the last of this accretion events formed the moon, because accretion, when you have giant planets the size of Mars and Earth hitting each other, it's a pretty messy phenomenon.","But based on news this week, it sounds like that may not be the best theory.","Well, you know, the devil gets down to the details, and when you push these models forward, they start to come apart, and that's kind of the fun thing about science is you're sort of grasping at things, and they - sometimes you get them and hold them in your hand for a while, and they slip away like a fish.","Here we had this notion - and the reason this is so exciting right now is that starting in, you know, the mid-1970s, these sort of back-of-the-envelope calculations said hey, you know, we think planets formed this way, by collisions. We think we can explain the spin of the Earth, which is actually pretty fast if you add in the spin of the moon to the spin of the Earth, you know, that moon's orbiting the Earth, and if you think of it as one single planet, and if you brought all that mass together into one place, it would be equivalent to the Earth spinning with a period of only five hours, so much faster than it is today."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The accretion theory is interesting and exciting but may not be entirely accurate.","questions":"How is the accretion theory described in the dialogue?","answer":"Accretion"}
{"text":["Absolutely. No question. When I first started to sing, the last thing I wanted to do was sing my dad's music. And ironically, when I was signed to a label, it was Capitol Records, which I thought that they would be like, oh, you got to sing your dad's music. But they did not. . .","He made Capitol Records.","He certainly did. The house that Nat built. But they did not insist on that, whereas I went to two other labels and they said, well, are you going to sing your father's music?And I said no. And it took 15 years into my career before I felt comfortable and confident enough to even attempt at singing my father's music.","Like a lot of famous fathers, Nat King Cole was often away from home. He died when Natalie was just 15. She had some rough times in the years that followed, sometimes making her own name in all the wrong ways with drugs and drink. But she sought help and she persisted, having her own R&B hits in the 1970s before she recorded a 1991 duet with the recorded voice of her father that sold over seven million copies and won many Grammys."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Singing my dad's music wasn't literally the last thing I wanted to do, it just means I really didn't want to do it. ","questions":"Which label signed Natalie Cole and did not insist on her singing her father's music?","answer":"Capitol"}
{"text":["Sorry. Sorry. Well, one more sticky issue. You got some pushback from a song - on the song, \"Wish You Were Gay. \"And people were hoping it would become an anthem for the LGBTQ community. But some people are actually not pleased about it. They feel that it's - there's pushback about it. And how do you think about that?","You know what I think is that everybody has a right to feel exactly what they feel. And it's not anyone's place to tell somebody that their being offended is not correct, you know?It's, like, that's a thing that you can't control. And if somebody doesn't feel OK with something, then you have to respect that and understand that and not try to fight that.","And so I knew writing that song that - it wasn't meant as an insult. And it wasn't meant to be offensive in any way. So for me, I didn't even really think about it because it was so not at all. . .","O'CONNELL: Controversial to us.",". . . Controversial in my mind because I thought of it as almost like a positive thing."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Everyone should respect other people's feelings and not try to control them, even if they don't agree.","questions":"What was the intention behind writing the song \"Wish You Were Gay\"?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["And yet despite all this, is Sisi still a popular figure?","Yeah, he is a popular figure. The military is seen as the most trusted institution in Egypt. He comes from that institution. He was elected in an election that maybe wasn't really fair, but it wasn't rigged in a wide scale manner. He was voted in with more than 95 percent of the votes here. But it's an election that took place in an atmosphere of fear, where you're basically with us or against us. And if you're against us, the idea of against us lands you in jail.","What are the challenges that he faces?","The biggest challenge he' got is the economy - the foundering economy. Egypt is in debt and needs to dig itself out of that hole. And there are constant power cuts going on right now in the soaring summer heat. And the way he's doing that is lifting the subsidies, which take a huge part of the budget. But that will also possibly lead to protests against him, possibly, because that means people are going to be paying higher gas prices, which have already been lifted, and higher food prices."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The implied meaning of this turn is that Sisi is popular only because he is part of the military and he was elected in a possibly unfair election, with many people voting out of fear.","questions":"What is the reason for Sisi's popularity?","answer":"Military"}
{"text":["Does the seriousness of this cast a shadow on the White House?Are they concerned about what, for instance, is going to be coming out today?","I think it casts a huge shadow over the White House. I think it's very serious. I want Congress to conduct full oversight on it. And I think we need to look at it. I think Congress and I think Republicans and Democrats have a duty, no matter who's in the White House, to ask tough questions, and the president can push back when they think they overreach.","Finally, with the president calling this a hoax and a scam, do you think that is wise?","Well, I - you know, I'm not going to comment on every description the president. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They think it does make the government look bad to the public.","questions":"What does the turn imply about the government's image?","answer":"Bad"}
{"text":["Yeah, that was easy. Planet Fitness was the best job actually because I could do my little squats behind the desk. There was always time to just like mess around and just do whatever.","But Uber seems like that would offer a lot of storytelling possibilities.","Oh, my gosh, it did.","Do you think we'll find some of that in your songs at some point?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Planet Fitness job was easy because I could exercise while working","questions":"Which job offered exercise opportunities to the speaker?","answer":"Exercise"}
{"text":["Yes.","Have you photographed them?Or have they been clients of yours?","Not paying clients. Yes, I have shot them at a rally in Chicago.","OK.  Not - well, not paying in the sense that you would like to have them as clients or pursue them at one point, or you just are taking pictures of them, as everyone else is doing, when they're out in public?","No, I was part of the campaign. I was heavily involved in fundraising and (unintelligible) and have gone to battleground states, signing up voters. So, yeah, I was there, part of the group, and I shot them because this is something I wanted to do. I wasn't a paid photographer of staff, but yes. Would I like to shoot them as a paid person?Absolutely.","Yeah, I'm guessing the answer to that would be yes. Are you hopeful of that opportunity still?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Although the person was not a paid photographer, they were heavily involved in a political campaign and took photos for personal interest. They would like to be a paid photographer for these clients in the future.","questions":"What was the person's involvement in the political campaign?","answer":"Heavily"}
{"text":["Give us a call, our number 1-800-989-8255. You can also tweet us @scifri. Gerald Crabtree is the David Korn Professor of Pathology and Developmental Biology at Stanford School of Medicine. He's also an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Good morning, Ira.","Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?","Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : What evidence do you have for human intelligence decline?","questions":"Which professor is the investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute?","answer":"Gerald"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. But you see what I mean?Because it is about perception and how we need to be - to understand what we're seeing before we can really see it, that's really key to understanding this whole issue of climate change and why we see or don't see what's right in front of us.","What drew you to monarchs in the first place?","I had really wanted to write about the subject for a long time. I live in southern Appalachia. I am surrounded by neighbors and friends - people I respect very much - who don't really understand climate change or believe in it, even though, as farmers, they're getting socked by it. We've had unprecedented, disastrous weather time and again. So it's such a strange contradiction that the people in our continent who are first to feel the harm of a changing climate are the last to be able to talk about it.","That was such a conundrum and such rich territory for a novel to tread, that I was just looking for the right way to get into the subject. And one morning, I just woke up with this vision in my eyes of millions of butterflies covering the forest behind my house. I just - I mean, I didn't actually see it. I imagined it. I woke up and there it was, and I knew that was it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The author woke up with a vision of millions of butterflies covering the forest, which inspired the novel.","questions":"How did the author come up with the idea for the novel?","answer":"Vision"}
{"text":["So I think - I think we're - we have to understand the complexity of it. I think we have to understand that the president has put together a good team on this. And now we're really looking at the next step. But I do think it's important to underscore that in this kind of negotiation, especially at this high level, you get to walk away from the table once. You don't get to walk away from the table twice.","Right. I mean, you used a phrase there, pick up the pieces. It's not just President Trump and North Korea. It's the president's son-in-law trying to almost single handedly bring Middle East peace after the United States took a move like moving the embassy to Jerusalem. You know, some would say that the Trump administration gives away the carrots, like moving the embassy to Jerusalem, without getting concessions and only selectively applies the sticks, like curtailing Palestinian aid. Doesn't that make it harder to negotiate?","Sometimes it can. Sometimes, however, that - what you want to do is try to rearrange the pieces on the table and do so in ways that are surprising or unexpected and can open space for - for talks and negotiations.","Do you think Jared Kushner is the man to do that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The carrots and sticks refer to how you get a horse to move the way you want.","questions":"What do the carrots and sticks refer to?","answer":"Incentives"}
{"text":["I know I'm going to get emails, perhaps you too, from people who say, look, I am an agnostic or an atheist really specifically because I thought organized religion had a hand in racializing in our society and a history with slavery and has not had a good effect on U. S.  history.","Sure. I'm not in any way suggesting in this article that I'm telling people that they need to go to religious services. I do think we know that civic connection more broadly tends to help people weather difficulties in their lives. There are many other ways other than doing it through religious institutions.","It just happens that the church has been probably the most central form of civic engagement that Americans have had. And so when Americans disengage from church, for many of them that essentially becomes de facto disengaging from any civic institution. It's not like they're replacing church with some other form of civic institution that might fill some of that same function.","Peter Beinart of The Atlantic. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Stating that when Americans disengage from church, they are not replacing it with another form of civic institution implies that there is no other source of civic engagement that could provide the same benefits that church once did.","questions":"What is the central form of civic engagement that Americans have had?","answer":"Church"}
{"text":["He hasn't always fallen right in line with Trump by any means. He hasn't always fallen right in line with Trump by any means. He's been critical of Putin over some gas projects that he's been involved in. He's been critical of Putin over some gas projects that he's been involved in. But generally, he has held the Trump line. But generally, he has held the Trump line. So I think this is going to be interesting to go in. So I think this is going to be interesting to go in. He did have that one key moment in the text chain where he came in and clearly stated this was not quid pro quo but then suggested they get offline. He did have that one key moment in the text chain where he came in and clearly stated this was not quid pro quo but then suggested they get offline. So. . . So. . .","Right. Right.","So we'll see what happens once he jumps in there. So we'll see what happens once he jumps in there.","Are people following this in Portland?Are people following this in Portland?I mean, how are they reacting?I mean, how are they reacting?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Right. Right.\" implies to understand what was said.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Right"}
{"text":["You've been speaking with current and former EPA staffers. What is the mood like at the EPA right now?","It's not good. I think that - you know, one person told me that they worry that there is a lot of backstabbing going on. There is some paranoia about where these leaks are coming from because a lot of the information would have had to come from someone very close to the administrator. And so there's some finger-pointing over that. And then when you talk to the career officials - the people who have worked for EPA and previous administrations as well - they get the feeling that there's no way that leadership could be focusing on policy right now because they just have controversy after controversy to address.","Last week, Pruitt announced he would roll back Obama-era auto emissions standards. President Trump and his supporters really like what he's been doing at the EPA. He's been very popular among conservatives and the president. Just briefly, how have these ethics questions affected his ability to do his job?","Well, I think that - the people that I've talked to said that meetings were proceeding and that things were still moving forward. But it seems like this is all escalating. And there's a sense that more stories will be coming - that journalists are working on other tips that they have and that public records are going to come out and show even more of this. And so I think a lot of the things he's begun - those are things that could be in the courts for years too."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : finger-pointing implies making of accusations or blame and not pointing one's finger at a place ","questions":"Which action is implied by the term \"finger-pointing\"?","answer":"Accusations"}
{"text":["Yes, they are in re-settlement areas. For example, in Mozambique you have 258,000 people, 90,000 of whom have been displaced over the past month or so. In Malawi you already have 700 cholera cases that have been reported. You have about 152,000 people who have been affected. So they are moving away from their home areas into re-settlement camps.","Let's move to Kenya in the east of Africa. The talks between President Kibaki and opposition leader Raila Odinga continue today outside of Nairobi and the negotiations are being mediated by former U. N.  Secretary General Kofi Annan. Since the post-election violence began in late December, more than 1,000 people have been killed and hundreds of thousands have been displaced. There are also reports of a wave of sexual violence against women who've been displaced by this turmoil. So Cassandra, what's going on here?","Since the violence after the disputed elections on December 27th, we're seeing that this situation has put women and girls at great risk of sexual assault. We know that always in situations of conflict women and girls are in danger. And in Kenya it is no different. We are hearing reports from Nairobi, from the Nairobi general hospital, that there may be as many as double the number of cases of rape within the days following the eruption of the violence.","And what we know is that for every case that is being treated or is being reported, there are many more victims who fail to seek help."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"put women and girls at great risk of sexual assault\" is a figurative expression, meaning that women and girls are in danger of being sexually assaulted, and not a literal placement of women and girls in a dangerous situation.","questions":"What is the risk that women and girls face in Kenya due to the post-election violence?","answer":"Sexual-assault"}
{"text":["These are, you know, small things, but - you know, you said before somebody who is about to make a radical change. And I would advise them not to make too radical a change, because all forms of abstinence - you know, dieting radically or maybe even sexual abstinence - often, you find yourself longing so much for the thing you're missing that you will really go overboard once you get off the wagon.","Where do you see America a year from now, in terms of how people change their consumption and maybe their long-term attitudes?","You know, I'm not sure that we're going to have a great big attitude change. It's really too early to tell. Surely, when people can get less credit and if they have less jobs, they will be spending less. But you know, it's not going to be like the last Great Depression, because the last Great Depression was not preceded by a half a century of consumer culture, in which they really have brainwashed as to want to buy more and more and more things and throw them out and get the next new thing.","But already, people are changing their habits. And so I do think we may buy less, and we may start to think about buying things that are more durable, that can be fixed, that don't obsolesce so quickly. And we may begin to find, as my partner and I began to find, that you're really just as happy without it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : going overboard means you overreact to something bad or good.","questions":"What can happen when you abstain from something too radically?","answer":"Overboard"}
{"text":["So ultimately, it ended up ruining my life in every capacity. It's affected my health, my family, my emotional and mental well-being and, ultimately, even jobs. You know, I've been offered all these amazing jobs of a lifetimes that I fought really hard to get and I beat out other candidates for. And each time the job would be offered to me, it would then be retracted because of my connection to Jeffrey Epstein.","So that's what led me to finally come forward because I had just reached a point where I was like, you know, this man was out buying second islands and second airplanes just to show off while I was struggling to feed myself and couldn't even get myself a good job because of him, you know?","Right. How did you feel when you found out about Epstein's death?","It was definitely not a good moment. And it's still not, you know?Even every single time I hear those words, there's a certain amount of anger that shoots through my blood that I can't explain."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The connection with Jeffrey Epstein caused me to lose job opportunities","questions":"How did the connection with Epstein affect PersonA's job opportunities?","answer":"Opportunities"}
{"text":["Let me ask you about what are called battleground states in this coming election. I'll rattle off Florida, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Is there early voting there?Will people take advantage of it?","Absolutely. Florida - it'll be - approximately 40 percent of the ballots will come in early, perhaps a higher number. Half of those will come in early in person. Ohio also has a lot of early voting. Pennsylvania - no. Pennsylvania still only allows for excuse-required absentee balloting. So in Pennsylvania, they still wait until Election Day.","And, Scott, this is going to change the dynamics in those states so that you will expect to see early rallies timed when the early voting period opens up, likely in Florida, Ohio, North Carolina. The candidates' travel schedule will reflect this because they want to follow up that kind of enthusiasm and get people to the polls right away.","And are more people voting early now not because they have to but because they just want to?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"change the dynamics\" means to alter the way things are done","questions":"How will early rallies be timed in battleground states?","answer":"Timed"}
{"text":["What would happen in a civil contempt is that you would basically be trying to hold the attorney general - get a court order that he was in contempt. And the court would have a hearing. And Justice Department would intervene, and they would fight the contempt citation. And then the court would have a ruling. And that's how the process kind of operates theoretically. What normally happens is the court does not like to step into executive legislative disputes, and they will urge both sides to try to accommodate one another. I think it would only be if the court determined that the Justice Department was really in bad faith would they then hold the attorney general in contempt.","Let me ask you this. If this matter does land in court, if litigation is actively pursued, that could take months. It could take years even. And if the goal is to get information from Attorney General William Barr, how is this an effective strategy?Pursuing a contempt case could result in a huge delay, right?","I think the reality is is that the rules of subpoenas right now as we're discussing in many ways work in favor of the executive for the exact reason that you are hinting at in your question, which is they can run the clock. They can probably run the clock on the enforcement question for months, if not years. And they might be able to even run it up to the next election.","Right. So if the White House intends to stonewall, do you think it's even a wise strategy on the part of the Democrats right now to be talking about contempt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The rules of subpoenas work in favor of the executive.","questions":"How do the rules of subpoenas favor the executive?","answer":"Executive"}
{"text":["He does seem more comfortable making deals with his fellow New Yorker Chuck Schumer than he does Mitch McConnell and Paul Ryan. But Republicans in Congress almost shrugged this off this week. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell said, in his own dry way, we look forward to seeing the president's own legislative proposal. But this also does seem to be the first time in this tentative deal on the DREAMers that Donald Trump did something that could possibly alienate his base.","Well, that's a good point. I mean, what about his base?We have seen some reaction to this. What has it been?","This is splitting his base. Polls show that most Americans are sympathetic to the DREAMers. Majorities favor letting them stay, even large numbers of Republicans, but not the president's hardcore base. And we saw this week on Twitter some Trump supporters burning their Make America Great Again hats. We saw the headlines in Breitbart, the \"alt-right\" website run by his former political adviser, Steve Bannon. The headline said \"Amnesty Don. \"We're now going to find out how much of his base is what I call the Fifth Avenue voters, people who will stick with him no matter what. You know, he famously said, I could stand on Fifth Avenue and shoot someone and not lose any voters.","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The president's hardcore base does not support letting DREAMers stay","questions":"What is the stance of President Trump's hardcore base on letting DREAMers stay?","answer":"Opposed"}
{"text":["And I want to just warn listeners before we get going there may be some brief descriptions of violence as we chat this out over the next couple minutes. Start with, why now?As we said, the federal government has not carried out an execution for some years now.","Actually, a senior Justice Department official tells me the previous attorney general, Jeff Sessions, launched this effort, put it into motion. But it's actually happening on the watch of his successor, Bill Barr. Barr says the federal government owes it to victims and their families. He points out, even though there haven't been many executions in the federal system, that Justice Departments representing presidents from both political parties have continued to seek capital punishment in court.","Barr says the people on federal death row are the worst of the worst. And he's directed the Federal Bureau of Prisons to schedule five inmates for executions, all starting - if it goes to plan - December 9.","And who are these five?What do we know about them?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to carry something out means to do something","questions":"Which official launched the effort to carry out the executions according to PersonA in turn 1?","answer":"Jeff"}
{"text":["There's something magical about that part of a meal that really seems to have inspired the book. Like, the beginning, when everyone is, like, just arriving and gathering and, like, what you want to serve in a moment like that.","Yeah. I mean, even just hearing you describe it that way, it's the best moment of a party. So, you know, everyone's hugging and kissing, and there's catching up and clinking of wine glasses. And it's just the best moment. And I think when those first platters of food start to roll out of the kitchen, it's just a celebration.","Do you ever really sit down, or is it constant movement, like, more plates coming out and just kind of wandering around and eating and talking?","What I love about antipasti is that even in a restaurant, oftentimes they'll have sort of a big communal table in the center of the restaurant, and they'll allow you to come up with, you know, your plate and a big spoon and just kind of point to or pick through and serve yourself whatever you want from the antipasti spread. So that's kind of the most interactive moment of the meal, which is maybe also why it's one of my favorites."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"pick through and serve yourself whatever you want\" - This is a figurative expression, meaning to choose items from the antipasti spread rather than actually picking through the food with one's fingers.","questions":"How do you serve yourself from the antipasti spread?","answer":"choose"}
{"text":["Christmas integration.","Multi-ethnic Christmas celebration. You know, the biggest thing that my parents did was to raise my sister and I in a very diverse neighborhood. It's really, really important, if you're going to adopt a kid that's a different race, to have neighbors that look like that kid.","You know, the study that came out I think is scaring people in thinking that you're going to have to through like a two year master program to learn how to have black kids, if you're white parents. And it's honestly, you could probably knock it out in two hours. It's really not that difficult, there's a few things that you should know. And bringing your kids up in a diverse neighborhood is the most important of that.","And then, you know, if you have friends that are the same race of your kids, you just, you ask them for questions, and it's helpful to have them as a resource, it's something you definitely want to keep next to you when you're raising your kids."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : You can probably complete the task in two hours not that you can knock it out. ","questions":"How long does it take to complete the task?","answer":"Two"}
{"text":["I understand, Mr.  Doyle, that you and other members of the Watergate investigation team still with us - well, you have reunions now and then. And I gather for the first time you had a reunion on the actual anniversary of the Saturday Night Massacre. What are the - my 15 year old now says, you know, what's the tea?What went on there?","Three weeks ago, Saturday night October 20, the Watergate Special Prosecution Force held a reunion. It was the 45th anniversary of the Saturday Night Massacre. None of the senior leaders are any longer with us. But the young idealists who had been in their 20s back when we began, they all showed up in their 60s and 70s as earnest as ever, as idealistic as ever and still full of hope.","Sorry.","No, I think someone was talking to you, telling you that, I think, we're running out of time. But did you want to make the final point?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The 15-year-old is asking for the details of the reunion, not the tea","questions":"What was the reason for the Watergate Special Prosecution Force reunion?","answer":"Reunion"}
{"text":["This is Day to Day from NPR News. I'm Alex Cohen. One of the world's most celebrated playwrights, Harold Pinter, has died. Pinter was a mainstay on the London theater scene since the 1950s. His works include \"The Birthday Party,\" \"The Homecoming,\" \"The Celebration,\" just to name a few. Harold Pinter won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2005. Here he is accepting that award.","There are no hard distinctions between what is real and what is unreal, nor between what is true and what is false. I think it's not necessarily either true or false. It can be both true and false.","The obscurity of those words is Pinter in a nutshell. His plays were light on plot, often taking place in a single room. Pinter offered no easy explanations for why characters acted the way they did. His dialogue was known mostly for. . .  pregnant pauses. In fact, the word people have come to use to describe that sort of tension in silence is Pinteresque. Here's Pinter in an interview with Charlie Rose, joking about the way some people reacted to his work.","When I went to see a production of my play, \"No Man's Land. \"I went into the bar in the interval. And a man and a woman - I couldn't escape, you know. They stand - stood in dead silence for a while. And then the man said, Oh, well, not as boring as the usual Pinteresque."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In a nutshell is a small space, so implies that these words describe Pinter in a short manner.","questions":"What word describes Pinter's style of dialogue?","answer":"Pinteresque"}
{"text":["So, you know, is this going to be a situation where states line up basically to sue this lender, and what difference would that make in how this is unfolding?","I think it's going to play out in a number of a ways. Countrywide is - obviously they were the largest non-bank mortgage lender in the country. They were - just sold a few weeks ago to Bank of America for what amount - to pennies on a dollar but many many. Countrywide is by far - was by far the largest player in the subprime crisis in terms of a single mortgage lender. But they weren't the only one. The thing is that Countrywide has become a symbol for how bad this gotten many communities.","And I think if you see a challenge like the one here in Ohio or the one here in Florida proceed with favorable results, you will probably see many other states - especially those where minorities or women or the working class, working poor were hit hard by subprime mortgages - are going to start lining up, and attorneys general are going to be filing suit against Countrywide and many other countries like - companies like Countrywide.","Well, Keith, thanks again."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : suggests that other states will start to take legal action against Countrywide and other similar companies","questions":"What might happen if favorable results are seen in the challenges against Countrywide in Ohio and Florida?","answer":"Lining"}
{"text":["But shouldn't you at least offer the people you're polling the option of checking that box as one of the issues?","In terms of?","Of, you know, as climate change or renewable energy, things like that. The choice is not even offered on the sheet of things that you - that is on your radar screen.","Yeah. Well, this is actually a really important point, is that when you look at - and I'll just come back to media coverage as an example. You know, for most people, this is an issue that's invisible. I mean, you can look out your window right this moment, and there's CO2 pouring out of tailpipes, out of smokestacks, out of buildings, but you can't see it, and likewise you can't see the impacts unless you know where to look. In fact, the only way most Americans even know about this issue is because of what they've learned about it in the media. They're not reading the peer-reviewed literature. They don't know scientists personally. They're learning about it through the media. And when the media doesn't report this issue, it's literally out of sight and out of mind."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"out of sight, out of mind\" - This is a well-known idiom that means if you can't see something, you tend to forget about it, rather than a literal interpretation.","questions":"What is the idiom used to describe the tendency to forget about something if you can't see it?","answer":"Idiom"}
{"text":["I don't know if I'm that much different than a journalist. I just - it's like a mystery that I want to solve that I think everybody's interested in solving. What has gone on and what is going on with Trump and his orbit of people he's dealt with over the years and ties to Russia and Ukraine and all these different matters?","Often when people are doing this kind of thing, they have fact checkers, and they have editors that go over their information, especially if you're a journalist. Do you have anyone that edits you or anyone that you work with that helps you verify the information?","There's some fact checking. But the interviews that I do, I publish them exactly as they're transcribed. I'm not writing an article, per se.","Can I ask you, has your shop - your restaurant, which is very well known here, helped you in your endeavor?Do people walk in to give you tips, try and contact you through that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implies that the speaker is asking if the restaurant that the person they are talking to owns has helped them in any way with their endeavours.","questions":"How has the person's restaurant contributed to their endeavors?","answer":"Contributed"}
{"text":["Now, the economies in Africa, let's say, in the Caribbean are different, are they not, from either the U. S. , Europe, or Asia?And I'm thinking, for example, of the $1 million notes being printed up willy-nilly in Zimbabwe. How has the global downturn affected them?","Well, just on Zimbabwe for a minute. Zimbabwe has a whole host of problems that are really quite unrelated to the credit crunch and the financial crisis. These are big problems that have been in the making for a long, long time because of an economy that's been run into the ground.","But more generally, Africa and Latin America are being hurt, but it doesn't seem quite as bad for example, as those in Eastern Europe, their debt levels are not as high. While they're hurting some because of the big fall in commodity prices - I mean, we've seen for example the first negative growth in South Africa since 1998. But I don't think these are as hard hit because the financial exposure in this part of the world is not as great as let's say it is in the U. S.  certainly, in Europe, and parts of emerging Europe.","Is that what is allowing some countries to be - I hesitate to use the word financially successful at the moment, but allowing them to compete in a way that they had not been able to before?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Money is being printed irresponsibly in Zimbabwe and the person wonder's how the lowering economy of the world affects them.","questions":"Which country's economy is being discussed in turn 0?","answer":"Zimbabwe"}
{"text":["Billion with a B. And they have their own cable channels. I mean, they're major sports players. And almost all that revenue comes from two sports, men's basketball and football.","So where does all of that money go?","Not to the student athletes. Under NCAA rules, they're amateurs. They cannot be compensated beyond their scholarships and the cost of attending college. But it goes to coaches' salaries. It goes to facilities. It goes to the conference commissioners who all make an excess of $2 million now. There are a lot of people who are millionaires because of these sports. And so everyone gets paid except for the student athletes.","So how does race factor into all of this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that there is a racial component to the exploitation of student-athletes.","questions":"Which component?","answer":"Racial"}
{"text":["Well, I think one of my roles - at least the way I pretty much defined my life and work for 35 years in the academy and was quite lucky in serendipitous ways began teaching at Yale at the time of the moment that's now considered, I guess, the revolutionary moment at Yale with the Black Panthers and Bobby Seale and Erica Huggins and others.","So, I always saw a kind of resistive undercurrent in the university even at its Ivy League level. And I've tried to identify myself in the academy with that resistive undercurrent. And I've tried to maintain an integrity of my public appearances and what I write that never refuses to look at the fact that racism, in my estimation, is more rampant in the United States and globally than ever before.","One can say is the glass half-full or half-empty. I think that's mere casuistry. It seems to me that the glass is empty for the majority of Americans now, not just black Americans, and it's not near any liquid refreshments source that I know of, the foreclosures, the economics of the present time, the war.","It seems to me that Henry Louis Gates Jr.  and Cornel West made a deliberate turn at a certain point in their career and decided, in the case of Mr.  Gates for example, that he was not going to do another profoundly brilliant book in his\u2026","Well, professor, I'm sorry, we have to wrap this up. There's a lot there, but thank you so much, Professor Baker."],"speaker":["A","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The interview or conversation is coming to an end and the speaker needs to conclude.","questions":"How does the speaker in turn 4 express the need to end the conversation?","answer":"Wrap"}
{"text":["So, you're a beauty journalist living in London, and your life is very cosmopolitan - very British in some ways. You say that this experience made you feel even more British. But it took you 10 years to decide whether or not to really seek out your biological family. Take me through that process that you had of trying to make that decision.","Well, like you said in the introduction, when I was 19, as far as I knew, I didn't have any family. When my family in the U. K.  adopted me from the orphanage in Eritrea, they were told I had no family. My father was dead. My mother was dead. I was, you know, quite literally an orphan.","And so it was only when my father went back to Eritrea in 1993 for the independence celebrations that he visited the orphanage that they got me from. He left a photograph of me there with - there was actually the nun who was in charge of my adoption was still there. She's very so old now, but she was still there.","And he left a photo of me because he thought it would be a nice thing to do. And several months after he returned, we got a letter from somebody who said he was my brother, and basically, it turned out that after my father had left Eritrea, this nun had got in touch with my family, and that's when everything started to unravel."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Family was not lost, but separated by circumstances","questions":"What caused the unraveling of everything?","answer":"Nun"}
{"text":["So I think that the Barack Obama, of course, then has a political legitimacy that neither of those gentlemen had because he's a United States senator elected to represent a district and serve a quarter of people. And yet, he's a charismatic figure as well, creating a sense of movement among the millions who now acclaim him as the best thing that happened to American politics since Jack Kennedy.","So Barack Obama has claimed the unique space within the context of American political destiny and has joined the charismatic authority that attends black messianic figures who become leaders in black America, as well as the quest for political legitimacy that transcends black communities. Because he's not just representing black people; he's representing white people and Latino people, and Asian people. He's representing Americans. And so he's taking it to yet another level in pioneering an even different path than the one blazed by Martin Luther King Jr.  or Jessie Jackson and, to a certain degree, Al Sharpton.","Well, Michael Eric Dyson, thank you.","Thank you very kindly, Farai."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"joined the charismatic authority that attends black messianic figures who become leaders in black America\" - This implies that Barack Obama has become a leader who inspires and motivates people, particularly in the black community, based on his charisma and personal qualities, rather than just his political credentials.","questions":"Which community is Barack Obama representing in addition to black people according to turn 1?","answer":"Americans"}
{"text":["In terms of the natural ecosystems, rapid changes coming, suddenly roads are getting built. People having the first time in nearly 22 years of warfare that they're able to get up and still moving around and finding markets and exploiting resources. Animals are resourced. They will be facing severe problems if poaching becomes more common that it already is, which is somewhat routine, and these things could be wiped out very badly in a few years, especially vulnerable species like elephants which are in so much danger elsewhere and even species that are quite rare and it's just only in South Sudan like certain kinds of antelope that were thought extinct and now have been found in South Sudan.","And there are - the ivory route is that these poachers come down and kill the animals for their ivory. It's taken then to Sudan, carved and sent to China.","Yeah. There's a city called Onderon(ph) - if I'm pronouncing it correctly - which has a traditional center of artisanal carving of ivory and export. So some elephant tusks do flow into Onderon and get shipped out from there to markets in the Middle East and China.","Yet, there are still large herds of elephants left in South Sudan. You saw one from an airplane."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Onderon is a city known for its ivory carving and exporting, which contributes to the illegal ivory trade.","questions":"Which city is involved in the illegal ivory trade?","answer":"Onderon"}
{"text":["It's surprising to me how many people believe that most suspects will invoke their right and remain silent when in fact they don't.","Gee, what's the psychology behind that, do you think?","The crooks think they're smarter than the cops. They've rehearsed their story and their alibi and they got to get it out. And they're hoping that if they waive their rights and speak to us they'll be able to baffle us and we'll leave them alone and walk away.","Can you recall a scene that you think really gets it right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker asks if the other person can recall a scene that accurately portrays suspects' behavior when questioned by the police. The implied meaning is that the speaker is interested in finding examples of suspects speaking to the police despite having the right to remain silent, possibly to better understand the phenomenon.","questions":"Which phenomenon is the speaker interested in better understanding?","answer":"Silent"}
{"text":["You know, you're helping a lot of people, Mr.  Mayor.","Well, I hope I am. I don't see it, and that's what scares me most of all. We care about everybody. We have to reach out for all of them and try to be successful for them to help them be that support deal for them. It's not a positive day every day, but you have to make it into one.","The mayor of Fulton, Texas, Jimmy Kendrick - thanks so much for being with us, Mr.  Mayor. Good luck to you.","Well, I appreciate it. And just keep us in your prayers. It's always nice to have a prayer given for us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"Just keep us in your prayers\" - This implies that the mayor is asking for support from those listening, which is different from the literal meaning of the sentence.","questions":"How does the mayor want the listeners to support him?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["When we say kids, how old are these kids?","We saw kids as young as 10 stealing cars. And the kids we spoke to that were older talked about getting involved around that age, around 10 or 11.","So once they get these cars, what do they do with them?","Well, so that's where the fact that they're juveniles really comes into play. When adults steal cars, it's often about, you know, sending them off to another continent or chopping them up for parts, making money.","When kids steal cars, they keep them on the streets. They're using them as toys. They're seeing how fast they can go - 160 miles per hour on the highway. They're driving the wrong way. They're chasing other friends in other stolen cars. In at least one case, we saw stolen cars used in a drive-by shooting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is implying that kids are getting involved in stealing cars at a very young age.","questions":"Which age?","answer":"10"}
{"text":["So, what do you make of all these pardons?","These pardons are a typical old practice in Russia and the Soviet Union. But, of course, President Vladimir Putin made a wonderful publicity show of pardoning Mikhail Khodorkovsky and this was totally unexpected. There had been talk about another trial against him. And instead, now he's already in Germany.","Let me ask you about what seemed to be, from Mr.  Putin's point of view, a productive week. Ukraine's government, after weeks of some wavering, decided not to sign an agreement with the European Union and instead threw in with the economic aid package from Moscow. How do you read that?","Well, I think it's quite a victory for President Putin and also for President Yanukovych. What President Putin got, it was some kind of alliance with Ukraine. And he also got support for his kind of economic and political system, rather authoritarian and not quite run by the rule of law. And President Yanukovych, he got $50 million in a probably quite expensive loan, which means that he can keep going for 15 months more, until he has presidential elections in Ukraine.","I'm curious as to why Ukraine seems to be teetering. Because when the USSR split up, a lot of people said this is going to be a country with a lot going for it - almost 50 million people; it was considered the breadbasket of the old Soviet Union; coal, steel. What's happened?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"What President Putin got, it was some kind of alliance with Ukraine\" - The literal meaning of this statement is that Putin gained an alliance with Ukraine. The actual meaning could be that Putin gained a strategic advantage by aligning Ukraine with his economic and political system.","questions":"How did Putin benefit from Ukraine's decision not to sign an agreement with the European Union?","answer":"Strategic"}
{"text":["It is true that I will confess that I have an incredible fascination for pop-culture stories about the Apocalypse and the end of the world. And, you know, I wanted to see if I were going to write a science book that was basically the equivalent of a giant monster movie, what would that be. Like would be the disaster that I would tackle?","And that was why I decided to look at mass extinctions, which are the worst disaster that can possibly happen to the planet.","Are we headed for one, or are we in the middle of one?And if you're in one, do you know it's happening?","It's a good question. There is evidence that we are headed into what would be the planet's sixth mass extinction. It's hard to know for sure if you're in one because a mass extinction is an event where over 75 percent of the species on the planet die out over a - usually about a million-year period. The fastest it might happen is in hundreds of thousands of years."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : His science book is not actually like a giant monster movie, it simply means it has a story where something destroys a lot of cities, etc.","questions":"What is the equivalent of the disaster in the science book?","answer":"Giant"}
{"text":[". . . Telling people to get the torches and the pitchforks. Look, I don't think that is going to happen. But this kind of precedent is dangerous. And it's really unnerving.","Who's alarmed by the - by Donald Trump's statement on this?Is it just - forgive me - the political chattering class, which, I guess - ostensibly of which we are both members. . .","(Laughter).",". . . And who he, Mr.  Trump, says are helping to rig the election with biased media coverage in any case?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: It is ironic that Donald Trump is accusing the political \"chattering class\" of rigging the election when both parties are part of the same class.","questions":"Which class is accused of rigging the election?","answer":"Chattering."}
{"text":["The banks can bring in their junky securities and swap them for cash or treasury bills. And that, on top of interest rate cuts, Bernanke thought would be enough to keep the financial system working until it healed itself. The strategy at the Fed was known as the finger in the dike strategy, keep the water out and eventually things will recover.","But obviously, you know things didn't work out like that. And in the spring, we had the great Bear Stearns crisis, and the Fed was forced to intervene to prevent them going bankrupt. Then, we had another few months where it seemed like things had stabilized, but this thing's like a disease. It goes away for a while, and then, you know, it comes back in a more virulent form.","In September, after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, you know, all hell broke out, basically. And since then, we've had a sort of slow motion collapse of the financial system.","Now, this entire crisis has really tarnished Alan Greenspan's legacy, and he even admitted that his basic economic philosophy is now changed. What about Ben Bernanke?Does he deserve the same criticism?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Alan Greenspan's economic philosophy was flawed, and Ben Bernanke's may also be flawed.","questions":"Which person's economic philosophy was criticized as flawed?","answer":"Greenspan"}
{"text":["Coming from the black holes. But in these cases, the population of the universe is organized according to progeny, according to inheritance. There's a lot of structure. And we can use that structure to make predictions, as I was describing. What I'm against, and what I argue - and what I think nobody's really answered these arguments. What I argue is that to postulate that our universe is simply one of a population of simultaneously existing universes that have no relation to each other, and that just have randomly chosen laws, that idea takes us outside of science, because it's not verifiable or falsifiable.","No postulate - no hypothesis about those other universes can be checked experimentally, because they don't - they have no influence on our own. And I think it's very important to draw a distinction between making up stories that might be true and science.","You know, the rock-and-roll band They Might Be Giants has a song about what's science and what's not that I think nails the matter. So if a rock-and-roll band can understand it, I think anybody can understand it.","In other words, you're saying what - science requires that you are able to make predictions about your theory and test them. And you're saying this multiverse can't really be tested. So it's more a theoretical belief in something than being a scientifically valid theory."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A doesn't literally think the rock song proves anything about who can comprehend science. The implication is the concept of what science is should not be hard for ordinary people to understand.","questions":"How does PersonA suggest that the concept of science can be understood by ordinary people?","answer":"Nails"}
{"text":["Now, when we look at this, what they're doing, there was a - you know, in some ways perhaps a minor incident, but a telling one where the British publication, the Telegraph, reported online that the G8 leaders enjoyed a six course lunch followed by an eight course dinner. African leaders were not invited and of course they're talking about the global hunger situation. There was a lot of static about that. Do you think that, that was symbolic in any way or just, you know, big time world business as usual?","Well, Farai now you're going to draw the cynical side out of me. This was an incredibly stupid, careless move, by the G8 leaders where they basically seemed to have thought off camera they could do whatever they wanted to. And they demonstrated, for all to see, the contempt actually that they have towards the rest of the world.","That they basically - they see themselves, as in effect, the rulers of this planet. So, when they're on camera there'll be the tears, there'll be the concern. Off camera you saw this hideous example of consumption.","What do you think the G8 leaders should be doing in terms of an Africa agenda?I'm going to get to a couple of specific things, specific national issues of Zimbabwe and Nigeria in a second."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The G8 leaders were careless and demonstrated contempt for the rest of the world.","questions":"How did the G8 leaders behave towards the rest of the world?","answer":"Contempt"}
{"text":["Yes, they were congenial outdoors as they greeted each other with their wives, and they waved for the cameras, and they walked inside. They spent about an hour together in the Oval Office and then nearly a second hour talking in the residence portion of the White House, which, of course, was being shown to both of the Obamas so that they could get some idea of where they might want to locate themselves and put their children, how they might want to redecorate. And while I think this was a ginger conversation between the two of them, I think it was cordial as well, and there was quite a bit to discuss.","Right, well, this is a ritual. It happens every four years or every eight years, but was there any substance at all?","You know, I believe there was. I believe that, going into the discussion, the White House chief of staff currently, Josh Bolton, was saying that the president really did have a number of things he wanted to convey to his successor about how things are going in certain realms, and I think we're talking foreign policy here largely, but also in terms of the economic crisis and the rescue packages.","And he wanted to have a little bit of a discussion to kind of unburden a little bit of his own thoughts on what we ought to be doing on those fronts and, of course, we can assume the president-elect would have responded. That's why it took some time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The meeting was polite but not necessarily friendly.","questions":"Which word describes the tone of the meeting?","answer":"Polite"}
{"text":["Yeah, it looks absolutely beautiful.","'Cause I've seen this painting - it's enormous. (Laughter) And I'm trying to picture, A, what that's like for people and, B, why you thought it was important for the public to see it as it was happening.","Well, I think there's two factors. And one is that the painting is - it's very large. So you know, removing it from the galleries would also present a certain amount of risk. And the other thing is that it's not really possible at this time to say how long the research or the treatment will actually take. All in all, this is really the best possible scenario to actually treat it in the galleries, where it can be followed by the public. I think the public actually find it fascinating to look behind the scenes.","I'm sure you couldn't have imagined that the painting would have been attacked with a bread knife, and you're doing quite the operation here. So what are some of the challenges and obstacles that, you know, are making you guys nervous?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : behind the scenes - to see the inner workings of things","questions":"How was the public able to follow the treatment of the painting?","answer":"galleries"}
{"text":["Isabelia Herrera, welcome. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you for having me.","Now, you write about something that might be a surprise to some. But you write that many people within the Latino community bristle at the term Hispanic. Why is that?","Yeah. I think these conversations have been going on for a while now. But now we're seeing them enter into more mainstream spaces. The question with the term Hispanic is primarily about its connection to Spain. The term Hispanic basically includes that colonial relationship to Spain. So it refers to people who are of Spanish descent, either living in Latin America or the U. S.  And I think that now, as, you know, we're re-evaluating what that term and what that identity means, there's a lot of questions around that connection to Spain."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"enter mainstream spaces\" could mean that something is becoming more popular.","questions":"Which term is primarily questioned for its connection to Spain?","answer":"Hispanic"}
{"text":["So California Chrome is supposed to be a little slow out of the gate.","He's all right out of the gate. He's fidgety in it. He's actually a lovely horse disposition wise - loves people, is very tractable. But in the gate he gets really easier to go so he will fidget, fidget, fidget. And one very top trainer, Bob Baffert, who has won his share of Triple Crown races said if he can get out of the gate well, he will win this race.","He has got white homes. And I have read white hooves make a horse vulnerable.","Yes. Well, white hooves does tend to be softer than dark hooves. And his actually point east and west, his front feet, he does not have straight feet. You can see in the starting gate. He's like Charlie Chaplin in there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The turn of phrase whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is:  (2) \"out of the gate\" - in this context, it means how well the horse starts the race from the starting gate, rather than literally coming out of a gate.","questions":"Which phrase did Bob Baffert use to describe California Chrome's chances of winning the race?","answer":"Win"}
{"text":["Billion with a B. And they have their own cable channels. I mean, they're major sports players. And almost all that revenue comes from two sports, men's basketball and football.","So where does all of that money go?","Not to the student athletes. Under NCAA rules, they're amateurs. They cannot be compensated beyond their scholarships and the cost of attending college. But it goes to coaches' salaries. It goes to facilities. It goes to the conference commissioners who all make an excess of $2 million now. There are a lot of people who are millionaires because of these sports. And so everyone gets paid except for the student athletes.","So how does race factor into all of this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that there is a racial component to the exploitation of student-athletes.","questions":"How does race play a role in the exploitation of student-athletes?","answer":"Race"}
{"text":["It's very different, obviously, from normal public sculpture. I have to use materials which obviously don't pollute in any way, that are friendly to the marine life. They're also durable. The idea, especially with a lot of the tropical pieces that make artificial reefs, is that they're going to be around for a very long time. Obviously corals, you know, can - hard corals can take ages to really get established.","Do the elements always behave as you would like them to?Is that a real challenge?","It works in both ways. I mean, obviously they're all designed to change and evolve in the ecosystem where they're placed. And sometimes that provides spectacular results. You know, we get sort of pink and purple corals and sponges and all these amazing things growing on them and morphing them. And that only adds to them. They really sort of then become alive. But also you're in this really kind of difficult environment. You're in the sea. So in tropical areas, you get big hurricanes, you get the surges of waves. And so with that in mind, you know, I really have to sort of program them then so they're fixed. And that can be a challenge.","I wonder, is part of the appeal you want to make to people with these installations, you have to work a little to see them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that part of the appeal of the installations is that people have to work to see them, rather than them being immediately visible.","questions":"Which turn implies that the artist has to use materials that are friendly to the marine life?","answer":"0"}
{"text":["And the other one is silencers or suppressors - a push to deregulate those devices. And that hasn't gone through. So the big ticket items that the NRA wants the NRA doesn't get. You mentioned at the top there this idea of strengthening background checks. I think it's important to be specific about what's under discussion there. There is bipartisan legislation. And what it would do would provide grants to the states to make sure that all of the records that show that a person is prohibited from owning a gun get into the databases that are scanned during a background check.","Mr.  Burnett, there's renewed interest on the sale of assault weapons. A ban went into effect in 1994. It expired 10 years later. Based on your reporting, what effect did that ban have?","There is some evidence - and we talk about assault - bans on assault-style weapons. What a lot of public safety experts say is the most meaningful piece of that is a restriction on how large the magazine - the ammunition magazine - that's basically how many rounds the gun can hold at one time, can be fired at one time before you have to reload.","Is there, in your mind, compelling evidence that the ban on assault weapons actually succeeded in banning assault weapons or reduced the supply or use of assault weapons and criminal activity?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"big ticket items\" - this is an idiom meaning important or valuable items, not actual physical tickets.","questions":"Which idiom means important or valuable items?","answer":"Idiom"}
{"text":["Several of them. I mean, Espanola had only 14 individuals left in the 1960s, and then it was 12 females and two males. A third male was found in the San Diego Zoo and brought back to Galapagos (unintelligible) 1975. And there have now been about 2,000 young tortoises released back to that island through the reproduction program at the tortoise center here on Santa Cruz.","The same holds true for several of the other populations. I would say many of the populations are out of danger. But we're still, given the exploitation from the 1800s, the total tortoise population of Galapagos is still about 10 to 20 percent of the original population. So we have a long way to go to bring them back to the original populations.","A couple of questions tweeted and asked by listeners of the same ilk, saying: Would it be possible to clone him?","OK, this is an interesting thing, and we are trying to save some of Lonesome George's tissues, cells. Cloning in reptiles has really not been developed at all, and we're doing - a few mammals seem to be doing OK, but in general the technology, the methodology to actually clone reptiles is decades away.","So hopefully they will be able to maintain cells as in cryogenics, and who knows in the future, but at the moment, it would be impossible."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"maintain cells as in cryogenics\" - This implies the possibility of preserving cells through cryogenic freezing for future use, rather than just storing them for research purposes.","questions":"What is the suggested method for preserving cells for future use?","answer":"Years"}
{"text":["Hi - so glad to have you with us. And let me start here. Just to recap this war of words, Iran says the U. S.  is lying about where the drone was shot down. The U. S.  says Iran is lying. How are we likely to know?How will this be resolved beyond a take one person's word over the other situation?How do they figure that out?","Well, first, there is, obviously, the release of the actual location data for where the BAMS or Broad Area Maritime Surveillance aircraft was flying. That - hopefully, it will be released shortly by Central Command. But part of it, too, Mary Louise, is the fact that there's absolutely no reason for this aircraft to have to fly over Iran to gather the data that the U. S.  military was interested in gathering.","You're saying there's circumstantial evidence that just - why would it have been there?- which tends to support the U. S.  position.","Well, right. And no U. S.  commander - speaking from experience - would put the aircraft in that kind of a situation. And for your audience, that reason is that, unlike aircraft - surveillance aircraft in the past, the kind of sensor systems that are onboard this drone are such that they can see dozens and dozens and dozens of miles away from the aircraft. So, you know, it's flying up above 50,000 feet over the Strait of Hormuz. It can monitor the entire strait plus see inside Iran without having to fly over it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The drone could monitor inside Iran without entering Iranian airspace.","questions":"Which country could the drone monitor inside without entering its airspace?","answer":"Iran"}
{"text":["When we say kids, how old are these kids?","We saw kids as young as 10 stealing cars. And the kids we spoke to that were older talked about getting involved around that age, around 10 or 11.","So once they get these cars, what do they do with them?","Well, so that's where the fact that they're juveniles really comes into play. When adults steal cars, it's often about, you know, sending them off to another continent or chopping them up for parts, making money.","When kids steal cars, they keep them on the streets. They're using them as toys. They're seeing how fast they can go - 160 miles per hour on the highway. They're driving the wrong way. They're chasing other friends in other stolen cars. In at least one case, we saw stolen cars used in a drive-by shooting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  A: \"We saw kids as young as 10 stealing cars. And the kids we spoke to that were older talked about getting involved around that age, around 10 or 11.\" - The literal meaning is that children who were 10 or 11 years old were involved in stealing cars. The actual meaning is that children as young as 10 years old were involved in stealing cars, which is surprising and concerning.","questions":"How old were the youngest kids involved in stealing cars?","answer":"10"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Well, we'll see what happens with the movie end of it.","Black Francis. He's written a new novel - if that's what you call it - together with Josh Frank and illustrated by Steven Appleby, \"The Good Inn. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks a lot. I really appreciate talking to you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"We'll see what happens with the movie end of it.\" This is an idiomatic expression that means they will wait and see how the movie turns out in the future, rather than simply observing it with their eyes.","questions":"How will they observe the movie?","answer":"Wait"}
{"text":["Oh, my goodness.","And it's been another brutal cycle. And the rhetoric is really intense. What do you hear?","What I hear and what I see and what's been the case for me for, gosh, two or three years now is that we are all having these conversations about big news of the day that dances around race and never really engages with it. I think, for me, the biggest example this week was President Trump's comments about possibly altering the 14th Amendment, which we know guarantees birthright citizenship. And so, you know, the history of that amendment is rooted in race. And I think a lot of folks have been really lacking to talk about that. But this amendment was passed for black people to give slave descendants the right to be citizens. And so we cannot talk about this adequately without talking about the racial history of the amendment, but even that is not enough.","Why not?Explain."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The conversations do not talk about race but avoid it.","questions":"Which topic is being danced around in conversations?","answer":"Race"}
{"text":["Wow. I guess the submarine floats. It's still watertight.","Well, you know, we were wondering about that because, you know, it was built in America - built to last. So would it still be floating after all these years?And the answer is, yes, it is floating. Half of it is floating. So we had to strategically float some aspects of it and bury some aspects of it. The goal was to get the rudder to dig into the ground almost as an additional anchor point, which is something that, you know, for a bunch of museum professionals, you'd never anticipate having to do.","Now, I gather there is some concern if the Batfish were to break free of the lines you're trying to secure it with and - what?- float on down the river, what would - what are you preparing for here?","Well, that was a huge concern on Thursday and Friday. So some of the lines started snapping, and we were actually on-site when the lines started snapping, and it was probably one of the scariest things I've seen in my life. So it was in danger of floating down the river, which the main concern would be that it would float down and hit a dam. And if it would have hit the dam - see, Muskogee already had a problem with loose barges. Had they actually breached a dam, it would have wiped out communities completely instead of just giving communities time to evacuate."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Loose barges had already caused problems in Muskogee.","questions":"How did loose barges cause problems in Muskogee?","answer":"problems"}
{"text":["So how did you get on to this story?I mean, were you just curious about vanity plates?Like, what was your thinking about how it happens?","Well, I think vanity plates are kind of everyone's hobby in Los Angeles. It's a very car-centric culture. People regularly talk about the most out-there plates that they see. I was curious about the ones that didn't make it.","Now, is there an official database of dirty words and euphemisms?Or like. . .","What's the yardstick that the DMV uses to say whether something's inappropriate or not?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is asking about the process of obtaining a vanity plate and the motivations behind it.","questions":"What is the topic of conversation between PersonA and B?","answer":"Vanity"}
{"text":["Story's still unfolding, we understand. What are you hearing?","Well, the evidence is that the Islamic State is behind this. In addition to French President Francois Hollande saying that the attacks were the work of ISIS, the group itself claimed responsibility in an online statement a short time ago. And they say the attacks were a response to French airstrikes in Syria and that France would remain, in their words, a top target as long as it continued its current policies.","This has been independently confirmed by intelligence officials you've been able to talk to.","Well, my understanding is that officials first started to suspect ISIS was behind this late last night. There were some cellphone conversations or texts that the gunmen were exchanging while the attacks were going on. And they mentioned ISIS. And here's why that's important. You remember the Mumbai attacks in 2008 that were - those were attacks on hotels and Jewish centers and a railway station. Well, one of the ways that they traced it back to the perpetrators was by picking up phone conversations between the gunmen and their handlers in Pakistan. The information is still coming in, but it appears that something similar happened here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : EXPLAINATION: (2): The implication is that French airstrikes in Syria are the cause of the attacks.","questions":"What is the reason behind the attacks?","answer":"Airstrikes"}
{"text":["Yeah, he loved it. He totally loved it, because he's not musical. He doesn't play an instrument. So, you know, I think when he's writing, it's a basic, almost like a poetry kind of - he's just writing with a little beat in his head. But when he hears a song of his completely flushed out with melody and instrumentation, it really bowls him over.","MR.  DAN AUERBACH: (Singing) How you were?In my sleep. (Unintelligible) never keep. . .","A number of songs that you've done as half of half of the Black Keys have wound up in films and in TV shows and even video games. The tune \"Strange Times\" appeared on the radio station in Grand Theft Auto IV. How do you feel about your music winding up in these places?","I think it's cool. I mean, you know, they don't play music much on the radio anymore, you know, not major radio. Getting our music out there anyway possible, it's the way to go, and video games are pretty huge, although I can't really play video games. I don't know. The modern video games kind of - they're too three dimensional. Have you ever played the. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : When he hears a song of his completed with music and song he gets really excited and impressed.","questions":"Which adjective describes how he feels when he hears a song of his completed with music and instrumentation?","answer":"Impressed"}
{"text":["Oh, it's inspiring always. This is one of the reasons why I wanted this book to come into the world. It's because, you know, there are so many brilliant writers now being forgotten. There's so many brilliant writers - contemporary writers who have not been given the platform they deserve. And the literary world is not zero sum, even though sometimes we are led to believe that it is. There's enough attention and enough love for everyone.","And I think that it's all of our duty, if we are given a certain amount of privilege, to say to readers, hey, look at this person you may not know. Please read this exquisite story, and I hope you will love Nancy Hale as much as I do. I hope you'll love other contemporary writers as much as I do.","That is the author Lauren Groff talking about the new book \"Where The Light Falls: Selected Stories Of Nancy Hale. \"","Lauren Groff, thanks so much. It was great to talk to you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She wanted the book to be written for the world to read. Many writers do not have their work published on a large enough scale for a large number of people to read it.  The literary world is the people that work in writing and publishing written work.","questions":"Which world is \"she\" referring to in turn 0?","answer":"Literary"}
{"text":["Well, let's talk about that pivot. We heard that Barack Obama will be speaking with President Bush sometime, perhaps, this week?","He will be. He'll be having lots of conversations with President Bush, with Secretary of Treasury Paulson, Secretary Gates at the Pentagon. These are all conversations he will have. He's got a couple of different tasks. One, of course, is to name his team going forward, but then also to deal with some things that are right in front of him.","There are decisions to be made both - Congress is coming back to hold a session to talk about another stimulus package. And then, of course, there's a meeting at the White House of international leaders, to which Senator Obama has been invited. And so, he already sort of has a to-do list before he's even in office. That goes beyond what presidents traditionally face, which is merely putting together a cabinet and putting together a White House staff.","Yeah, I was going to say, when was the last time this happened, that almost the day after or even the night of his election, he's already planning. He's already governing, in a sense."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Obama is already working before he is officially in office.","questions":"How is Obama already governing?","answer":"Planning"}
{"text":["Well, that's the thing. Three areas we've looked at - covering about 55 square miles of the jungle - target one, target two and target three. And the first one was target one, and we found these all these archeological features. They covered hundreds of acres, maybe even thousands of acres, and this is gigantic. And then they moved on to target two, and they marked that, and then they moved on to target three. And target three showed even more striking features.","And we've - an archaeologist has been looking at them and a guy named Chris Fisher, who is an archaeologist at the Colorado State University, who's an expert on LIDAR, and he tells us that there is a city in T3 that is comparable in area to the city of Copan. It's absolutely enormous. The track is two square - five square kilometers.","And if these valleys are so remote, how did these civilizations develop in this unforgiving area?","Well, that's the thing. We're only now starting to realize that this so-called virgin or impenetrable jungle in prehistoric times was anything but. It was very heavily settled. There were many thousands of people living in these areas, and it wasn't virgin jungle. It was more like a tended garden. They cleared huge areas for farming. They terraced. They built irrigation canals. They built roads. They built enormous pyramids and structures."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The jungle was transformed by early civilizations through farming, terracing, irrigation, and building.","questions":"How did early civilizations modify the jungle environment?","answer":"Modifying"}
{"text":["But you also said let me reassure you, I've seen the quality of that work. In other words, these plans are viable, credible, ready to go?","Yes, I have. I did say that. Part of my job in the Pentagon was the oversight - civilian oversight of military planning, and one of the things that we've, you know, we're charged with is to prepare options for the president no matter the contingency. And certainly, there are very viable plans with regard to contingencies involving Iran. But again, the judgment is at this point that's not where the focus should be.","And as you know, Israel has - well, has plans of its own - contingencies. And I know a large part of your speech was devoted to the idea that they should hold off and reassuring them the United States would take action if necessary and that Israeli action would be counterproductive. More counterproductive than an American strike?","Well, my point to them was we have a shared objective here - preventing Iran from getting nuclear weapons and that, you know, any military action really only buys time. It's a delaying action for one to three years. It sets the program back, but it doesn't solve the fundamental problem of Iran's pursuit of a nuclear weapons capability. To do that, you'll need a continued international campaign with sanctions, with negotiations to eventually change their calculus."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"In other words, these plans are viable, credible, ready to go?\" - The actual meaning here is not about the meaning of the words used but rather about the speaker trying to confirm if the plans are indeed viable, credible, and ready to be implemented.","questions":"Which word does PersonB use to confirm if the plans are viable, credible, and ready to be implemented in turn 0?","answer":"Viable"}
{"text":["It's 2075, and America has been beset by flooding linked to climate change. The president has banned the use of fossil fuels. The southern states have broken away looking to protect the coal mining industry, and a rabid civil war is taking place. Omar El Akkad joins us now to talk about the dystopian world he created in his new book \"American War\" and what inspired it. Welcome to the program.","Thanks for having me.","The main character of the book is a young girl. Her name is Sarat Chesnut. She lives in Louisiana in what is known in the book as the free southern state. Who is she at the beginning of the novel?","She - of all the characters I've written, she's the only one who came to me sort of fully formed. At the start of the book, she's six years old. And to me, she's sort of this very curious, trusting, defiant young girl whose chief attribute is this kind of rebellion against unknowing. She wants to know as much as possible. And the central arc of the book is essentially her life and how her desire to know - her curiosity is sort of used against her during this war."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: She - of all the characters I've written, she's the only one who came to me sort of fully formed. At the start of the book, she's six years old. And to me, she's sort of this very curious, trusting, defiant young girl whose chief attribute is this kind of rebellion against unknowing. She wants to know as much as possible. And the central arc of the book is essentially her life and how her desire to know - her curiosity is sort of used against her during this war.","questions":"What is Sarat's chief attribute according to the author?","answer":"Rebellion"}
{"text":["Hi, David.","They are accusing the Vatican of some very serious things there, it sounds like. Tell me more about what prompted this.","Well, the Women Church World is the monthly supplement to the official Vatican daily L'Osservatore Romano. Lucetta Scaraffia created it seven years ago. In her final editorial, she said the new editor of the main Vatican daily who arrived in December had published articles in the main paper that were in contrast with the supplement's editorial line. And then she wrote an open letter to Pope Francis, saying, we are throwing in the towel because we feel surrounded by a climate of distrust and progressive delegitimization. She added, it seems there's a return to the antiquated and arid custom of choosing women considered trustworthy from on-high, under the direct control of men. But the new editor of the L'Osservatore Romano, Andrea Monda, denied the charges that he'd tried to interfere in the women's supplement.","What more should we know about the founder of this magazine who's speaking out here?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : none","questions":"How long ago was Women Church World created?","answer":"Seven."}
{"text":["We reached out to everyone. And basically, they said, as so many doctors are want to say, we don't think about price when we prescribe. We just want to give, you know. . .","The best thing that's out there.","The best. But I'd have to say in this case there's not even proof that this is the best. In the studies that got this drug approved, this drug was only effective in curing toenail fungus from 6 to about 9 percent of the time after 11 months of treatment. So it's not even a very effective drug.","From your reporting on this, though, why do doctors do this?They say it's not about cost, but is there an ulterior motive - something that makes certain doctors push certain medicines?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Doctors may push certain medications for reasons other than effectiveness","questions":"How do doctors push medications?","answer":"Push"}
{"text":[". . . For your research on pulsars and for being a leader in the scientific community. So what does this latest accolade mean to you?","Well, it left me speechless when I got the news because I never, ever dreamt of this, I must admit. And it's a vast sum of money, as well, which. . .",". . . Is, really, I think, a bit hard to believe.","It certainly is. A lot has changed for women in science, but, as I'm sure you know, a lot hasn't. And I think the fact that you're giving away the money for scholarships may be a nod to the fact that it's still hard for certain people to break into the field."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It may be a way to give attention to women trying to break into science.","questions":"What does the donation signify?","answer":"Recognition"}
{"text":["I want to ask you about an episode in which math, science figures into the plot even if you don't realize it at first. And this is \"Springfield or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling,\" where Homer gets endowed with Henry Kissinger's brain.","Of course, that comes about because - I don't know how to explain this - Henry Kissinger uses the loo, and his thick glasses fall into the loo. And Homer puts them on, and he's endowed with this perception.","Well, the thing about that is that it sounds like Pythagoras' theorem. So he gets it all wrong. It sounds right, but it's wrong. And he's actually quoting the scarecrow from \"The Wizard of Oz\" - because when the scarecrow gets his diploma, he reels off exactly the same equation. It sounds impressive, but it's actually all wrong.","And you say in the book that your judgment is, it was calculatedly wrong because of the way Ray Bolger must have had to rehearse to be able to make that recitation."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B says that Ray Bolger's recitation of Pythagoras' theorem in \"The Wizard of Oz\" was calculatedly wrong because of the way he must have had to rehearse it. The actual meaning here is that Bolger intentionally delivered the theorem in a way that made it sound impressive and convincing to the audience, even though it was not accurate. This highlights the idea that performance and presentation can be just as important as content, and that people are often willing to overlook mistakes and inaccuracies if they are presented in a compelling way.","questions":"What was the reason behind Ray Bolger's calculatedly wrong recitation of Pythagoras' theorem in \"The Wizard of Oz\"?","answer":"Performance"}
{"text":[". . . You are from this area - born in D. C. , raised in Maryland and Virginia - the DMV, as we like to say. So what's it like to be back home now that you're blowing up like this?Can you go to, like, the CVS if you want to without being recognized?","Yeah. I definitely can go to the CVS. You know, sometimes people recognize me, sometimes they don't. But it's a beautiful feeling, and I just can't wait to move back eventually.","How did you start singing or how did you realize you could sing?","I don't know. I just was always singing. I didn't know if it was good or not, but my grandma, she told me that I sounded like an angel. And that maybe - perhaps that kept me going. I mean, I always wanted a solo at the church, and they didn't ever give it to me. But eventually they did, and I froze. But then I killed it. And I just feel like that kind of just followed me all throughout my life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the phrase \"sometimes people recognize me, sometimes they don't\" does not literally mean that the speaker is unrecognizable or that their appearance changes, but rather that their level of fame and recognition varies.","questions":"What does the phrase \"sometimes\" imply in turn 1?","answer":"Varies"}
{"text":["Stocks in two major computer chip companies - Qualcomm and Broadcom, two major ones - were down 6% today. Google dropped 2%. And this was after Google said it would stop supporting Android devices for phones made by Huawei because the company was on the Commerce Department's blacklist. Google is a major software provider for Huawei. And if these restrictions went on for months, Google could take a beating.","Correct me if I'm wrong here, Jackie, but didn't the U. S.  back off last year in a somewhat similar way shortly after blacklisting another Chinese telecom company?","That's right. It was a company called ZTE, and they were on the blacklist. And it went on for a while. And they were on the verge of bankruptcy. And this is a major Chinese corporation - almost went bust until the Trump administration reversed that decision and allowed U. S.  companies to supply it again. So it's the same sort of scenario. But, Mary Louise, the Trump administration has been tightening the screws on Huawei for months now in part because it has links to the Chinese government.","And U. S.  intelligence agencies believe Huawei could use its equipment to spy on the U. S.  and its allies. The administration asked Canada to arrest and extradite one of Huawei's senior officials. And administration officials have been fanning out across the world asking allies, pressuring allies not to use Huawei equipment. So up until now, it's been a full-court press by the administration to contain the company."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Trump administration is actively trying to limit the use of Huawei equipment by its allies.","questions":"How is the Trump administration responding to Huawei's equipment usage by its allies?","answer":"Limiting"}
{"text":["Then later on, I ended up having to deal with, really, racism from both sides, from white people, as well as from black people who claimed that I was not really black because of the music I listened to or the way that I speak or some intangible delineation that people make in terms of how you're supposed to behave based upon the color of your skin.","Well, Brian, you know, you went on to basically go about your life and kind of sublimate this incredible pressure. But at some point, it all broke for you. What happened then?","Well, what happened was - I should back up and say that at the time that I wrote \"Not a Genuine Black Man,\" the book and the play, I decided that in order for it to be real and to be true and to be what I wanted it to be, I'd have to be completely naked. And that being the case, I knew that I would have to talk about the darkest moment in my life, which was a very severe period of depression I went through in 1999.","I had - I didn't realize it at the time, but apparently I had suffered depression since childhood, from all of the, you know, strangers driving down the street yelling the N-word, not being included because I was the only black kid and being different. And I'd spent a lot of time isolating and by myself."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A decided to be vulnerable and share about his severe depression in order to be authentic in his book and play.","questions":"Which personal struggle did PersonA reveal in his book and play?","answer":"Depression"}
{"text":["I think there are millennials that are doing fine. I think that when you talk about wealth transfer, what's really interesting is Americans over 62 are 80 percent white. And so when you look at these wealth transfers, white millennials are five times more likely to receive an inheritance than millennials of color. Forty-five percent of millennials are non-white. That's going to exacerbate inequality within the millennial generation. And so we're already seeing this where cities are becoming concentrations of wealth. Cities have better social services, better hospitals, better schools. And it's only the kids whose white parents can get them into those engines of opportunity, that are able to access those better services.","What do you think the responsibility of the boomer generation is at this moment?","I think, really, to think about the ways that their kids have it harder than them. Right now, the growth is going to people primarily who own land, who own homes, who own stock. Those are all people that are disproportionately old. And we need to find ways, systematically, to share those gains with people that are younger.","And I hesitate to ask this, but what is the responsibility of the millennial generation?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Inheritance inequality perpetuates disparities within the millennial generation.","questions":"What perpetuates disparities within the millennial generation?","answer":"Inheritance"}
{"text":["Great to be here as well.","So let's start with the most recent news. This past Friday, the Supreme Court agreed to hear an abortion case out of Louisiana. Can you just briefly explain the central issue in the case and why this is so significant?","Louisiana had passed a statute that required doctors to have admitting privileges before they could perform abortions. And that would result in virtually no abortion facilities in the state. It's similar to what Texas attempted to do several years ago, and the Supreme Court struck down that law in 2016. But this time, the federal appeals court for Louisiana has upheld the law, and the court was sort of forced to take the case.","The question I think for people who both support abortion rights and expansive abortion rights and those who oppose them is whether the court will turn over the precedent set in Roe v.  Wade. Is this case a case that could do that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The question is whether the Court will redo the case of Roe v. Wade and change the outcome of it.","questions":"What is the central issue in the case?","answer":"Admitting-privileges"}
{"text":["I think the sentiment has to change. Two years ago, people were very disappointed about the Occupy Movement that after 71 days, and it came back nothing. But now, the Hong Kong person seems to be - Hong Kong people seems to be much more determined, less (unintelligible). So they have been planting the seed in the heart of the young people.","So this time, we see at the midnight of town, you've got the 300-somethings young peoples being arrested and 80% of them are just 16 to 25 years old. So that's - we haven't been expected. We thought the youngster don't care about politics anymore. But it turns out that those young guys are coming out and becoming the front line. The seed had grown, and they were out.","That is Galileo Cheng. He's a social affairs executive for the Hong Kong Catholic Institution Staff Association. He's been out all day, and he's giving us a report from the front lines of the protests.","Galileo Cheng, thank you so much for talking with us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Hong Kong people are more determined this time and the young people are actively participating in politics","questions":"How are the young people participating in politics in Hong Kong?","answer":"Protesting"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me.","What new details did we learn with this filing?","So the new filing focuses on five extramarital affairs that Duncan Hunter had when he was in Congress, the first one starting just four months after he was elected and took office in April 2009. So he took office in January.","The longest feature in the filing is about an individual identified as Individual 14, who was a lobbyist. And they spent campaign money on things like a ski trip together, a thousand-dollar hotel tab. They went to concerts together. And they also went on a double date with another congressperson to Virginia Beach, but that congressperson has not been identified."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Duncan Hunter spent campaign money on personal expenses","questions":"Which politician spent campaign money on personal expenses?","answer":"Unidentified"}
{"text":["It's a common complaint about poetry. It's the oldest form of expression, but what can it do for us now in an age of social media, Twitter, Facebook and national urgency?Poet Claudia Rankine's new collection, her fifth, has an answer. Its cover shows a black hoodie against a white background, recalling Trayvon Martin. And it's a very personal meditation on race in America. The book is called \"Citizen: An American Lyric. \"It was a finalist for the National Book Award. Claudia Rankine joins us now. Thank you, welcome to the program.","Good morning, Eric. Thank you for having me.","Before we chat, I want to give listeners a sense of your book. It reads like a series of kind of diary entries, so to speak, and an anatomy of encounters with perceived racism. I'd like you to read, if you would. Could you start \"You Are In The Dark\"?","Sure. (Reading) You're in the dark, in the car, watching the black, tarred street being swallowed by speed. He tells you his dean is making him hire a person of color when there are so many great writers out there. You think maybe this is an experiment, and you're being tested or retroactively insulted or you have done something that communicates this is an OK conversation to be having. Why do you feel comfortable saying this to me?You wish the light would turn red or a police siren would go off so you could slam on the brakes, slam into the car ahead of you, fly forward so quickly both your faces would suddenly be exposed to the wind."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B's statement implies that poetry is often seen as outdated and irrelevant in today's fast-paced world","questions":"Which book was a finalist for the National Book Award?","answer":"Citizen"}
{"text":["Boy, melodrama going on, on the Washington football club whose team name I refuse to utter. Coach Shanahan benching Robert Griffin III for the rest of the season - good idea or. . .","Well, it's all part of a bigger power play. The big problem is the owner. The problem with the Redskins goes back to Daniel Snyder. He's worse than George Steinbrenner, worse than Marge Schott; worse than all of them. He's one of the worst owners that you could possibly have. When he started, he had past-prime players with Deion Sanders and Bruce Smith trying to make a splash.","We're about to run out of time. Not much time for many more worse, yes?","Awful. He's just bad."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Washington football team is in chaos due to their controversial name and the coach's decision to bench Robert Griffin III.","questions":"Which team did the coach bench Robert Griffin III from?","answer":"Washington"}
{"text":["It probably had more to do with Moore - Roy Moore - and his unique trainload of baggage. But it's still hard not to compare it to what happened back in 2010 when Scott Brown was elected in Massachusetts, taking Teddy Kennedy's seat. And this was at about the same point in President Obama's first term.","That really changed the mood on Capitol Hill. It did not stop the passage of Obamacare, but it signaled a big turnover in Congress in the next elections. And we could be heading into a correction here in the other direction under President Trump.","NPR's Ron Elving. Thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) implies politeness and acknowledgement,  (4) implies that the conversation is continuing.","questions":"What does turn 4 imply about the continuation of the conversation?","answer":"Continuing"}
{"text":["I think that we need to have a conversation and debate on what it means to be a Republican. Traditionally, the Republican Party stood for some level of financial conservatism. That seems to have been thrown out the window of late, as you see, got instance, with this latest debt deal, the president adding $2 trillion of additional debt to the national debt and a third of a trillion dollars in new spending over the next two years without even a debate.","I think we need to have a conversation about where we're going on trade. I think we need to have a conversation with regard to institutions and political norms which the president has thrown out. But that has historically been the glue that has held together that balance of power that makes our system work, and I think we need to have a conversation on town.","I think that some might argue that the way that those intra-party debates take place is exactly in the kinds of positions that you have had in down-ballot races. I mean, you lost the Republican primary to a candidate endorsed by President Trump, so I think some might argue, asked and answered.","Well, there's a difference between a battle and a war, and I would say that as Republicans, in some cases, we're winning battles but losing wars. So what happened in that race after I lost the primary was that for the first time in about 50 years, the seat went Democrat."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Nothing was thrown at a window, but financial conservatism has been disregarded by the republican party.","questions":"Which aspect of the Republican Party was traditionally stood for?","answer":"conservatism"}
{"text":["And then the phone rang a few times, but I didn't pick it up. And, you know, you don't always answer your phone when you're having dinner on a Saturday night.","Right. Right.","So that's when I called his mom. And her cousin picked up and said - Alex, you need to get on the next plane to Sri Lanka. There's been a bombing. And Kieran is hurt, and he's here in the hospital.","But he was alive at that time?","The answer is no. He wasn't."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : So that's when I called his mom. And her cousin picked up and said - Alex, you need to get on the next plane to Sri Lanka. There's been a bombing. And Kieran is hurt, and he's here in the hospital.  In this turn, the literal meaning is that the speaker called the mother of someone and was informed by the cousin that there had been a bombing in Sri Lanka and Kieran was hurt and in the hospital. However, the implied meaning is that there was a serious and potentially life-threatening situation that required immediate action.","questions":"What country was the bombing in?","answer":"Sri-Lanka"}
{"text":["Well, they've arrested these two men. One is an official in the office of the governor of the province. The other is the president of the university. Those would seem to be two pretty prominent individuals. Does anyone know what's happened to them, where they are?","That's still murky right now. We know they've been arrested. We don't know where they're being held, and according to Iraqi officials, they've apparently been arrested on charges of committing violence, committing terrorism. We don't much - really much more than that.","So we have this day in Iraq. It begins with this pretty normal thing, a visit from a - from the leader of a neighboring country, and then this kind of a development, which doesn't sound normal at all. It leaves you kind of wondering, one step forward, one step backwards.","Sure, but, you know, what it really illustrates is how uneven the security situation in Iraq is. Sure, you're seeing signs of progress. You're seeing neighboring leaders and neighboring countries visit. You are seeing violence levels down, but there are still large parts of Iraq that could explode at any moment. And it really shows how little the security situation is in many areas."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) In turn (3), the speaker implies that the recent events in Iraq are not normal and that there is a sense of uncertainty and instability, despite some signs of progress.","questions":"What does the speaker suggest about the security situation in Iraq in turn 3?","answer":"Uneven"}
{"text":["I agree. I was shocked - really shocked - when I found them. And then many things happened to me with Chopin through my life.","Such as?","Well (laughter), you're not going to believe this if you don't believe in the unknown normal. But I had a death mask of Chopin given to me. Some friends came over, and they said, what's that?I said, it's death mask of Chopin. That's what they used to do in those days. When someone died, they'd get someone to put wax on his face and make this death mask as a memorial. I took it off - down. I said, please be careful with it because it's, you know, very unique. There are only two or three in the world. My wife was there. My son was there - he was about 17 - and these two friends. And, suddenly, a fluid started coming out of one of the eyes. And I put my hand into this fluid, and it was salty. So I guess there was no question in my mind these were tears. What I felt was that Chopin was happy that he could communicate somehow with the current world.","You know, I learned one thing. People who are negative about these kinds of unknown normal things - they will never change. They'll always find another way that it could've happened or try to find another way that it could've happened. But I just give up try to convince them because they won't ever be convinced. The ones who are skeptics - once they hear about it, they say, oh, actually, it's real."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4): Implied meaning: Advising to not waste energy in trying to convince people who are negative about unknown normal things, since it is not possible to change their mindset.","questions":"What did the fluid that came out of the eye of the death mask of Chopin feel like?","answer":"Salty"}
{"text":["Now, Steve, everything I've just said has a caveat. OK?As you'd mentioned, yesterday the administration lightened their touch and said American tech firms could keep engaging in existing business with Huawei until mid-August. That's presumably to give some transition or prep time.","Is it really possible that the administration could raise these alarms of Chinese spying through Huawei equipment - that's the scenario they put out - and then just let the business go on?","Sure. That's totally possible. And there would be a precedent for that. Last year, President Trump banned sales to another Chinese phone-maker, ZTE, also citing national security concerns. That basically brought China's president to the bargaining table. And then Trump announced ZTE would pay a billion-dollar fine to do business with America again. So you know, maybe - maybe - the Huawei ban is a move to create leverage. In the last couple of weeks, the Trump administration has increased tariffs on $60 billion worth of Chinese goods, too. China's responded and, you know, tensions are growing.","You have underlined for us how deeply engaged U. S.  companies are already with Huawei, whether it's a small rural phone provider here in the United States or service provider in the United States or whether it's Google operating in Europe. How are tech companies responding?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies the growing economic war between Trump administration and China.","questions":"Which event led to China's president coming to the bargaining table?","answer":"ZTE"}
{"text":["I'll say.","Dissection, anger, back and forth, denunciation by both major party presidential campaigns. Do you think that this cover crossed the line of propriety?","Of propriety?Perhaps. But what it - I think it did so for an urgent and good cause, which is to blow this stupid calumny about Obama away, once and for all. It travels as the subtext through all this polite conversation. I just saw some NBC report that was quoting a Newsweek poll saying 50 percent of Americans believe that Obama is or was a Muslim, or was signed - sworn in on the Koran to the Senate seat, and so on. It's madness. And I - it seems to me that showing the fevered image directly will be a possible way of looking at and dissipating that image.","I think as a result it's a fairly brave thing to do, in which the New Yorker's fulfilling its function at its best, which is to make people think and talk. And the New Yorker helped that discussion happen. And it's one of the times where I feel, hats off, New Yorker!They got it right, you know. This is not something that goes away by saying, but it's not seemly to discuss this.","But there are some people who are always going to read this un-ironically and say, well, yeah, he is a Muslim despite, you know."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The cover story in question caused controversy but served an important purpose.","questions":"How did the cover story serve?","answer":"Debunking"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Spies try to protect America from its enemies, but does that mean spying on friends too?The steady drip of intelligence leaks from former NSA contractor Edward Snowden continues with the revelations that the National Security Agency tapped the mobile phone of German Chancellor Angela Merkel. The Guardian newspaper broke the story this week and also reported that the U. S.  spy agency intercepted 70 million phone calls and text messages in France. Now, the response from Germany and France has been swift, and as you might imagine, sharp. Laurent Fabius, the French foreign minister, called the spying shocking and unacceptable. He told Le Monde: We cooperate in the useful way in the fight against terrorism but that does not justify everything. P. J. Crowley is a former U. S.  assistant secretary of state for public affairs. He joins us in our studios. Thanks so much for being with us.","P. J. CROWLEY: Pleasure to be here, Scott.","Are Germany and France shocked, shocked like in Casablanca, or are they truly surprised?","There's scambling(ph) going on here, yes. I mean, Europeans have a different view of privacy than Americans do. So, I think there is a difference of attitude or perspective on this. That said, I don't think it should shock anyone that governments spy on each other.","Well, but these are allies."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Are Germany and France shocked, shocked like in Casablanca, or are they truly surprised?\" - The speaker is not asking if Germany and France are literally experiencing the same shock as the characters in the movie Casablanca. Instead, the speaker is using a rhetorical device to question the genuineness of their shock or surprise.","questions":"What rhetorical device is used by the speaker in turn 2 to question the genuineness of Germany and France's shock or surprise?","answer":"Rhetorical"}
{"text":["So when we are forced to cut, we have to decide which is the best way to do it. We can do a shallow cut, like 10 percent 20 percent of the full ration. Or we can do a deep cut if we think the contributions will not be coming in anytime soon. The difficulty with doing a deep cut is that over the longer period, of course, people will become malnourished. Their immune systems will be suppressed. And if the cuts continue, or they're getting absolutely no food from WFP, inevitably, over time, they will fall sick. And, ultimately, many people will perish.","So - I mean, forgive me. It's one thing to make appealing ads that people are in danger of starving to death. What you're saying now is, because there's a crunch for aid, people are in danger of dying slowly.","That's what, in the end, will happen to the most vulnerable. It's the women and the children who will go first. The difficulty about the situation confronting us in 2018, however, is that it comes on the heels of 2017, when the world really pulled itself together, and our donors and donors for other organizations stepped up and provided a lot of funding because we were facing what was said to be the greatest humanitarian needs. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) is the same as its literal meaning, which is a brief acknowledgement of what was just said.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue is a brief acknowledgement of what was just said?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["No, so Wim van Egmond is an artist, and he was trained as an artist. He was a painter at first, and he was really into painting from these scientific illustrations, biological illustrations from hundreds of years ago. And he said, well, you know, I could just do this myself. So he purchased his first microscope about 20 years ago and since then has been kind of perfecting the technique.","But when he started, you know, he was also working with film, like Roman Vishniac. And, you know, when he had to look up what he was looking at, these organisms, he was looking in reference books, things that are just unthinkable these days, of course you would just Google.","So he said that, you know, progress has gotten much faster because now you can just look and see your result immediately. You don't have to develop your film, and - you know, and so he's gotten - it sounds like he's gotten - he's sort of refined his techniques much more quickly in the days of the digital camera.","Now I know you like to limit the size of your video pick to like three or four minutes."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"progress has gotten much faster because now you can just look and see your result immediately.\" Literal meaning: Advances in technology have made progress faster because you can immediately see your result without having to wait. Actual meaning: The availability of digital technology has allowed Wim van Egmond to refine his microscopy techniques more quickly than he would have been able to in the past.","questions":"How has the availability of digital technology affected Wim van Egmond's microscopy techniques?","answer":"technology"}
{"text":["And they don't take into account what other areas of knowledge are developing. I think perhaps a solution that could be sought, one of many, is that the humanities consider colonizing the sciences. And what do I mean by that?I mean that humanity lives in a minute intersection of sensibilities, that is sense, the powers of sense; of cognitive patterns, the way we think.","We're very, very specialized, and we live in only a small segment of the whole universe of possibilities. I'm not talking about expanding into science fiction. I'm just talking about gaining a perspective that could somehow be - or validated by what we're learning from science at an exponentially increasing rate and making some better use of it in the creative and interpretive processes of the humanities.","That's a long speech, but you asked a difficult question.","Well, I'm actually - you brought up something in my mind. I'm thinking you brought up what C. P. Snow's \"Two Cultures\" argument was, you know, that they don't talk to each other, you know?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : None , I do not believe there is any here","questions":"Which area of knowledge does PersonA propose the humanities should consider colonizing?","answer":"Sciences"}
{"text":["That is very funny. What about dessert?Give me a dessert for the holidays that you love.","One of my favorite ones is this cornmeal and rosemary cake. So we use polenta corn meal and a little bit of rosemary. And you bake it, it becomes basically like a pound cake. It's buttery and rich. It's the holidays. That happens. Sometimes I stud it with some cranberries for some color, other times I do not. It depends on my mood. And then I top it with a balsamic syrup. So I reduce balsamic, gets nice and thick like a chocolate sauce, and then I pour it over the top. I can't tell you - breakfast, lunch dinner, whatever, snack, it is phenomenal. It's one of the those things I keep in my house during the holidays.","That sounds fantastic. So, you're a mother now, and your baby's first Christmas is coming up. How's that going to affect you to have someone - a little tiny one to take through the holidays?","You know, she's now about eight months, and so she's not quite a year old yet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The cake is not made of traditional cake ingredients.","questions":"How is the cornmeal and rosemary cake described?","answer":"Phenomenal"}
{"text":["Abortion. Abortion.","Really?","Because it's such a driving issue, a lot of one-issue abortion voters. The courts are determining what's legal in abortion. We see now that the court has got these new two conservative members to the Supreme Court and the lower courts. That's why you see states now pushing ahead with their tough abortion restrictions because they think that they can get these upheld. So I do think abortion - school prayer. Ronald Reagan played on school prayer when he was running. And these were the kind of things that conservatives vote on. These are important to them.","These are these sort of moral and cultural issues that they are interested in, consumed by to some regard. And so the courts have just been more important to them. You do see Democrats reacting now. There's new groups springing up. Demand Justice is a new group that was started to kind of make Democrats more aware of the potency of the court and the importance and why Democrats should be more interested in voting on it. I do think, in this election, Democrats are going to talk a lot more about the Supreme Court than they have in the past."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Abortion is a controversial and politically charged topic.","questions":"What is driving the tough abortion restrictions pushed by some states?","answer":"Conservative"}
{"text":["I failed chemistry really disastrously. Kind of tellingly, my father wanted me to take it because he wanted me to be a doctor. And I really didn't want to be a doctor. I wanted to be a writer and an actor. You know, a lot of people don't know how to break into show business.","(Laughter) But failing chemistry is the way.","First way.","(Laughter) So what prompted you to pick up science journals and read them later on?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Failing chemistry is a hindrance to becoming a doctor","questions":"Which subject did PersonB's father want him to take?","answer":"Chemistry"}
{"text":["How has Koinadugu been able to avoid the infection for so long?","We took concrete measures, proactively, way back in May. The district decided to self-quarantine. There was control of movement - people coming into the district and people going out of the district. We also embark on major sensitization door to door. We involve community leaders, and we just involve the whole community to say this is a real. Ebola is real. Let us avoid Ebola.","Sierra Leone is a society with a lot of faith healers. What do they do that might help spread the disease?","The act of healing involves the use of the hands. They are not trained people. They don't have gloves. It's a lot of physical touching, and that is why we are saying the faith healing practice should be stopped for now because once the patient shows signs and symptoms of Ebola and they go to a faith healer, it's almost 100 percent that they will transmit it to the faith healer and eventually to the community."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4).  The speaker is not simply stating that faith healers use their hands and physical touch, but rather that this practice is a high-risk behavior that can easily spread the Ebola virus. The speaker is suggesting that in order to contain the spread of the virus, faith healers should temporarily stop their practice until appropriate safety measures can be put in place. The implied meaning is that traditional practices such as faith healing may need to be altered or suspended in times of crisis, even though they are deeply ingrained in the culture.","questions":"How does the speaker suggest to contain the spread of the Ebola virus in regards to faith healing?","answer":"Stop"}
{"text":["Now, when we look at this, what they're doing, there was a - you know, in some ways perhaps a minor incident, but a telling one where the British publication, the Telegraph, reported online that the G8 leaders enjoyed a six course lunch followed by an eight course dinner. African leaders were not invited and of course they're talking about the global hunger situation. There was a lot of static about that. Do you think that, that was symbolic in any way or just, you know, big time world business as usual?","Well, Farai now you're going to draw the cynical side out of me. This was an incredibly stupid, careless move, by the G8 leaders where they basically seemed to have thought off camera they could do whatever they wanted to. And they demonstrated, for all to see, the contempt actually that they have towards the rest of the world.","That they basically - they see themselves, as in effect, the rulers of this planet. So, when they're on camera there'll be the tears, there'll be the concern. Off camera you saw this hideous example of consumption.","What do you think the G8 leaders should be doing in terms of an Africa agenda?I'm going to get to a couple of specific things, specific national issues of Zimbabwe and Nigeria in a second."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : G8 leaders are contemptuous of the rest of the world and think of themselves as the rulers of the planet.","questions":"What was the attitude of G8 leaders towards the rest of the world?","answer":"Contempt"}
{"text":["All right, so how did it feel in those moments after the race?Take us there.","Picture this. There are about 150,000 people at Churchill Downs rooting for this race, plus millions more watching at home. But from the vantage point of the people in the stands, all they see are the pink silks of Maximum Security's jockey pulling out ahead and crossing the finish line on a muddy track. So first, there was cheering. I mean, Maximum Security was the favorite to win, and a lot of people were betting on that horse.","Then there was 20 minutes of confusion. You have the objection. You had these unofficial results on the board, saying that Maximum Security won. You have people trying to cash in their tickets at the betting windows. Other people are leaving not knowing who won. And in the press room, we were just sitting there stunned, waiting for the official call.","Why did racing officials disqualify Maximum Security?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It wasn't the pink silks that won but the horse and jockey wearing them.","questions":"Which color were the silks that the jockey was wearing during the race?","answer":"jockey"}
{"text":["Well, speaking of talking, do you think that Mr.  Obama is now speaking with both the Israeli and Palestinian leaders?","I would not expect that. It would not necessarily be in his interest to do that. There's certain amount of meaning in the often-repeated statement that we just have one president at a time, and of course, over the weekend, we heard Obama's people repeating that. It's really not something that makes sense for him to be caught up in, the decision-making or negotiations, until he has a standing to be so and to be doing so as president of United States.","Well, this is certainly something that Mr.  Obama doesn't need right now, given that he's got a lot on his plate dealing with the economy. How distracting will it be for him?","It would be a tremendous distraction, except that this is the nature of the job, and he has himself said, back during the campaign, a president of the United States needs to be able to focus on more than one crisis at a time. It's a good thing he's thinking that way because he's going to have lots of them, and he's going to have to try to use the energy and the attention focus that he gets from one crisis to keep the country going forward on a number of fronts - that's the economy, the energy crisis, the healthcare situation - all of this while he tries to deal with international crises. That's the situation we're in, and he seems to know that, and he seems to be up for it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mr. Obama should not negotiate with Israeli and Palestinian leaders before he becomes the president.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the situation that Obama will face as the President of the United States?","answer":"Multitasking"}
{"text":["Look, if I were running the FBI, you know, I probably would want to have backdoors as well, so I'm sympathetic to the director's view. But there is risk if you put that backdoor in. There's no question you enhance the risk, number one. Number two, there are the privacy implications that are of concern to parties.","When you were working for the government, obviously you were institutionally on a different side of the argument. You were on the side of being able to get into whatever you needed to get into and find out whatever you needed to find out. What happened?Did you have a sort of a Saul of Damascus moment?I mean, did you always believe what you believe now?","My beliefs really haven't changed since I was in government. If anything, it gave me appreciation for how challenging it is for the government to balance and play the roles that it needs to, both wanting to keep the nation secure, both having the rights to collect extensive intelligence overseas, less so within the country. You know, the richness of that debate in many ways would, I think, make the founders of our country proud.","Rod Beckstrom was the founding director of the U. S.  National Cybersecurity Center. Thank you very much for this.","Thank you, Linda. Great to be on your show."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  implies that the speaker is asking if the person had a sudden change of heart, (3) implies that the person is proud of the balanced debate surrounding the government's decision making, ","questions":"Which speaker in the dialogue was the founding director of the U.S. National Cybersecurity Center?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["No. We all hang about. That's exactly the same as \"Mrs. Brown. \"People will call you, amazed that - you know, you read all about actors who stay in character all day and hide in caves, and then only come when they're called for and get the family to behave as a fill-in character.","Well, I have found with the vast majority of those great British actors, that they stand, telling stories at the side of the set, and they're called for. And they say, oh, look. The light's one. We've got to go. And they go and get straight into character. It's like stepping into an old shoe. And it's lovely. It's - especially Judi Dench. You know, we used to just stand screaming well after and then say, right, lads. Get yourself together. Right, then, action, and we'd be into it again.","And there she's queenly again.","And then she's a queen, yeah, and I'm a scruff."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Actors don't have to stay in character all day","questions":"What is the misconception about actors that the dialogue challenges?","answer":"Staying"}
{"text":["Things have been added during the years. There is what's called the SkyLine level, which is a public event space built at the 100-foot level. They've also built a building kind of around the base that has the gift shop. Otherwise, it's pretty much intact.","Mm-hmm. And it was built with the science fair in mind as part of a larger ground. Part - it would fit into the larger works of the whole world's fair here.","That's right. It was actually late coming in the fair. They realized in the process, they needed a symbol for the fair, and they didn't have one. They didn't have a means of financing it. They didn't have a location for it. The Space Needle is where it is because the city managed to find a small piece of property that they could sell to a private developer to build the Space Needle. And it happened to be the perfect spot.","You talked about the structure itself having a very feminine shape to it. But anybody who has looked at this thing swears that it looks like a UFO at the top there landing or taking off."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The tower has curves along it's base that resemble the curves of a woman.","questions":"What shapes resemble the curves of a woman on the tower?","answer":"Base"}
{"text":["You know, we like to be considered a young couple.","We are a young couple.","But I don't know about role model and the word role model, but I like the word responsibility. And Gina and I do feel a tremendous amount of responsibility in terms of the images we project, and the fact that, hopefully - you know, we get letters all the time, and I think one of the nicest letters we received was from one of our fans that watched the show that said, you know, you gals have really enhanced my marriage. Me and my husband, we get in the kitchen, we cook, and we spend time together. And it's those types of testimonies that really motivate Gina and I, and make us feel real good about what we're doing.","All right. Now, I want you to make my taste buds jump. I am not in front of any of your food, but I want you to describe this dish that sounds so intriguing, barbequed spaghetti. What does that taste like?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  All right. Now, I want you to make my taste buds jump. I am not in front of any of your food, but I want you to describe this dish that sounds so intriguing, barbequed spaghetti. What does that taste like?  The phrase \"make my taste buds jump\" is an idiomatic expression that means to describe something in a way that sounds so delicious that it creates a physical reaction in the listener.","questions":"What is the meaning of the idiom \"make my taste buds jump\"?","answer":"Description"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah. And then tomorrow, let's focus more on the hammer (tapping piano hammers).","That pounds the strings.","Yeah. And then let's focus more on the keys the day after (playing piano).","He did this while explaining why he is returning to compositions he played as a child. Lang Lang is a concert pianist for whom almost no composition seems too difficult.","Yet his latest album, \"Piano Book,\" features much simpler classics, tunes many adults recall trying to play in piano lessons and that Lang Lang played growing up in China."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"Yet his latest album, 'Piano Book,' features much simpler classics, tunes many adults recall trying to play in piano lessons and that Lang Lang played growing up in China.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that Lang Lang's latest album features simpler classical music that many adults tried to play in piano lessons and that Lang Lang played when he was growing up. The actual meaning is that Lang Lang is showcasing his roots and paying tribute to the music that inspired him as a child, rather than just playing difficult pieces to show off his technical skills.","questions":"Which album of Lang Lang features simpler classics that he played growing up in China?","answer":"Book"}
{"text":["So right now, there are multiple congressional committees investigating this issue. We've got them on the House side. We've got a couple on the Senate side. I guess I want to know why is there a need for multiple investigations, and how do these congressional investigations differ at their core from what Special Counsel Robert Mueller is conducting?","Well, Senate Intelligence looks at intelligence matters primarily. Senate Judiciary looks at matters that fall under the broad scope of the Judiciary Committee. All these congressional investigations differ very much in function from what the Special Counsel Mueller does. Mueller works in secret and long, long deep studies of things like finances. And he doesn't bring his results public. If he finds something that's really important, he won't let you know until it's time to indict somebody. Whereas, the congressional committees when classification allows them to be in the open, they live for open hearings. They want people to know what they found.","And what about compelling witnesses to testify?The subpoena, is that a last resort thing or is it just a negotiating device?","Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning. The literal meaning of this turn is explaining the different types of subpoenas used in investigations and how they are effective in obtaining witness testimony and documents.","questions":"Which tool is used to obtain digital material like emails in investigations?","answer":"Digital"}
{"text":["Yes, thank you.","We get it.","A lot of things in the book are things that I wrote about in my newspaper column. For about nine or 10 years I've been doing a column every week for the Guardian newspaper in England, and it's about any kind of unexpected, funny thing that I run across or people tell me about. And to do the book, I went back and grabbed a lot of these stories and then did some more digging to see what else have these people done.","Mm-hmm. Some of the stories seem to have sort of a moral to them, like the one - mysterious one I'm going to call the rectum in a jar.","Yeah, this is the case of the rectum of the Bishop of Durham. If you go to London and you visit the Hunterian Museum, it's a wonderful, wonderful - one - in fact, one of the world's few remaining big medical museums. It's part of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. If you go and visit it, on display on the main floor inside a jar is something they call object RCSHC\/P192. The label identifies it as being the preserved rectum of the Bishop of Durham, and we're talking about Thomas Thurlow, who was born in 1737, died in 1791. Would you like to hear the story of why it's in a jar in London on display?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A is willing to share the story of why the rectum of the Bishop of Durham is displayed in a jar.","questions":"How did PersonA come across the story of the rectum in a jar?","answer":"column"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi has had a rapid career rise. He was appointed Egypt's defense minister after the Arab Spring outpouring by Egypt's first freely elected president, the Muslim Brotherhood's Mohamed Morsi. But just a year later, General Sisi helped oust Mr.  Morsi and then he began to run the country. Now, his title is Field Marshal Sisi, the top military post. And just this past week, he took the next step to becoming Egypt's next president. The possible rise of a new military strongman raises questions about if the Arab Spring put Egypt on a path of democracy and civilian rule or more authoritarianism. Samer Shehata joins us. He's a political scientist at University of Oklahoma, and he joins us from the studios of KGOU in Norman, Oklahoma. Samer, thanks very much for being with us.","Pleasure to speak to you.","Why is a field marshal, according to various surveys, so popular in Egypt?","He's popular for a number of reasons. One, there were many people, of course, who were opposed to the Muslim Brotherhood and Mr.  Morsi before he became president. And of course it was a disastrous year in office. And there are many people who, as a result of all of that, are longing for stability and security. And the idea of a military general running the show is reassuring."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Pleasure to speak to you. (This is a polite way of expressing appreciation for the invitation to speak on the show.)","questions":"What is turn 1?","answer":"Pleasure"}
{"text":["Now, Steve, everything I've just said has a caveat. OK?As you'd mentioned, yesterday the administration lightened their touch and said American tech firms could keep engaging in existing business with Huawei until mid-August. That's presumably to give some transition or prep time.","Is it really possible that the administration could raise these alarms of Chinese spying through Huawei equipment - that's the scenario they put out - and then just let the business go on?","Sure. That's totally possible. And there would be a precedent for that. Last year, President Trump banned sales to another Chinese phone-maker, ZTE, also citing national security concerns. That basically brought China's president to the bargaining table. And then Trump announced ZTE would pay a billion-dollar fine to do business with America again. So you know, maybe - maybe - the Huawei ban is a move to create leverage. In the last couple of weeks, the Trump administration has increased tariffs on $60 billion worth of Chinese goods, too. China's responded and, you know, tensions are growing.","You have underlined for us how deeply engaged U. S.  companies are already with Huawei, whether it's a small rural phone provider here in the United States or service provider in the United States or whether it's Google operating in Europe. How are tech companies responding?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies the growing economic war between Trump administration and China.","questions":"How does turn 2 relate to the discussion on Huawei?","answer":"leverage"}
{"text":["My pleasure, Scott.","First, the basics - Secretary Pompeo's attending a meeting about - of about a dozen Asian nations. We know the president likes to negotiate one on one. So what is the multilateral message in Singapore?","So Pompeo was at a meeting of the foreign ministers of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. One of his main messages to them is that the U. S.  is not retreating from the region or turning in on itself. And he underlined this by announcing $300 million in new U. S.  government funding for security cooperation in the region and another roughly $100 million for economic and infrastructure projects. Now, observers were quick to note that that's really not very much money compared to China's investments in the region. And it's also a pretty small commitment compared to the Trans-Pacific Partnership free trade deal, which the Trump administration pulled out of in its early days. The other main message to Asian governments there was to just keep on enforcing those sanctions against North Korea until they give up their nuclear weapons.","The secretary says that Russia's violating U. N.  sanctions regarding North Korea and that Pyongyang is going back in its commitment to denuclearize, which says essentially the - you know, that summit a few weeks ago we hailed did nothing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The U.S. is making a small commitment to security cooperation and infrastructure projects in Southeast Asia, compared to China's investments and the Trans-Pacific Partnership deal that the Trump administration pulled out of. Asian governments were encouraged to continue enforcing sanctions against North Korea.","questions":"How much new funding did the U.S. government announce for economic and infrastructure projects in Southeast Asia?","answer":"$100million"}
{"text":["Yes, absolutely. And to all of who are - and even though I don't do it anymore, I mean, it's like really once a clown always a clown. Once you've been a real performing clown you realize you've tapped into something big and universal and eternal. It's a frustration to us because clown, which was a word that used to be associated with joy and laughter and happiness, now has a lot of negative connotations to it. You know, you got characters like Crusty the Clown on \"The Simpsons\" and there are members of Congress.","By the way, isn't it amazing this year I think there's a record number of members of Congress who are retiring at the same time there's a shortage of clowns?What doesn't work here?","I'm reacting almost reflexively with regret and woe over a clown shortage. But I'm wondering, I mean, you know, there are not as many shepherds as there used to be. Is this just - to my knowledge - is this just something we have to. . .","They certainly are in my living room."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In (3), the speaker is questioning the importance of the clown shortage compared to other shortages, such as the shortage of shepherds. The actual meaning is not that the speaker is truly concerned about the relative shortage of clowns and shepherds.","questions":"What shortage is compared to the clown shortage in the dialogue?","answer":"Shepherds"}
{"text":["Sure. I'm glad you mention that. So that is coming through subpoenas to the reporters to reveal the names of their sources. So it's not a direct prosecution of those reporters. But they are - you know, as you mentioned with Judith Miller, it can amount to jail time if the reporter refuses to testify.","So what's happening is that they are being called to testify in the case against the leakers. And when they refuse to do so, they're in contempt of court, and they may face jail time.","That's exactly right. And that is much more acceptable. I should add that under Attorney General Holder - after the James Risen subpoena where James Risen was told he had to testify and refused, the U. S.  government did not push him to testify. They obtained a conviction anyway, and Holder shortly thereafter announced that, under his watch, no reporter would go to jail for doing his job. It remains to be seen whether that same policy would be in place under the Sessions Department of Justice. Everything he's said indicates that he will not follow that policy.","Meaning that he and the Trump administration may indeed prosecute journalists. We've heard Trump himself and other Republicans raising the possibility of prosecuting journalists. Do you think that there is - that that is a possibility?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There is a possibility that the Trump administration may prosecute journalists.","questions":"What is the potential risk for journalists under the Trump administration?","answer":"Risk"}
{"text":["So, Bill, what do you make of the president's remarks?","Every time I hear President Bush talk about billions, I start thinking about Carl Sagan and talking about billions of stars and billions of this. Part of the problem when I listen to and consider what President Bush is talking about is more what he doesn't talk about, that U. S.  aid to Africa is significant in terms of dollar amounts that are mentioned, but as a percentage of what the United States does offers internationally, it's actually not all that significant.","A couple of years ago, I did a little research on this and discovered that U. S.  aid to Africa, if you withdraw Egypt, is less than Israel. That is - that the total aid is less than the aid to one country, a key ally of the United States. So that figure told me a little bit about the priorities of the United States.","The second thing is that there are regularly strings attached to U. S.  aids. So whether it's the assistance to combat HIV and AIDS, there are these strings around the issue of abstinence, abstinence only, as a condition for significant amounts of aid to combat that disease. A second issue is that whereas the United Nations has had a internationally recognized program combating AIDS\/HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, the Bush administration has refused to give full funding to that U. N.  program and instead was more interested in setting up its own bureaucracy to offer assistance, which seems to be run contrary all of the rhetoric about a, you know, that conservatives often offer about eliminating costs."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A couple of years ago, I did a little research on this and discovered that U.S. aid to Africa, if you withdraw Egypt, is less than Israel. That is - that the total aid is less than the aid to one country, a key ally of the United States. So that figure told me a little bit about the priorities of the United States. - Implied meaning: A is suggesting that the United States' priorities may be misguided in terms of the amount of aid provided to Africa compared to other countries such as Israel.","questions":"How much is the U.S. aid to Africa compared to Israel?","answer":"Less"}
{"text":["Well, you know, we've done a bunch of these kinds of stories that run in the body issue. And we've done everything from the importance of the glute to the strange secret ritual of the team shower. And we thought, gosh, we've kind of gone there with every other story. The last thing to explore was pee breaks.","I want to talk about the Tour de France in particular. These guys are on their bikes for hours and hours and hours. But it's the Tour leader wearing a yellow jersey, I might add, who gets to signal - is this right?- when it's time for the riders to pull over for a bit of relief?","It turns out, yeah. One of the greatest honors, according to the riders, of getting the yellow jersey is that you get to control when everybody else who's racing stops for a little bit of a pee break.","Which is extraordinary."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Getting the yellow jersey in the Tour de France is a great honor because it allows the wearer to control when the other riders stop for a bathroom break. Implicated meaning: The yellow jersey is a symbol of leadership in the Tour de France, and controlling when bathroom breaks happen is seen as a demonstration of power and control over the other riders.","questions":"How is controlling bathroom breaks seen in the Tour de France?","answer":"Power"}
{"text":["Yes, and I suppose my book, quite apart from being a memoir about my mother and what happened to her and this mystery - it's also a campaign against collective silence because these people who knew - they knew. And they knew, and they never said anything, all the way through, decade after decade. And I went back in the 1980s to Lincolnshire with my mother and my brother to try to find out more about everything that'd gone on. And even then, they wouldn't talk to us. They would talk about absolutely anything else, but. . .","Why not, do you think?Why were they still so protective of these old, old, old secrets?","I think that they were protecting one particular person - my mother's adopted mother, a woman called Veda Elston.","The woman you knew as your grandmother."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase \"it's also a campaign against collective silence\"  has a non-literal meaning, as it does not refer to an actual physical campaign but rather a figurative one, meaning that the author's book aims to raise awareness and encourage people to break their silence on the topic.","questions":"How does the author describe their book's purpose?","answer":"Awareness"}
{"text":["So I - you either roll your eyes or you laugh at what politicians will do in support of their most fundamental instincts, which as I said is to preserve their own political viability.","It strikes me as not being all that different from what the Chinese badminton team did to try to get a better opponents in the next round.","Well, except there's one difference, right?The badminton team got thrown out of the Olympics. And in this one, if it works, you get elected to the U. S.  Senate.","It's also interesting, Senator McCaskill has said previously she's going to be much too busy campaigning to go to the Democratic National Convention to be photographed, presumably, with President Obama. She doesn't want to do that. I would think, now, congressman Akin may find himself much too busy to go to Tampa."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Then they changed the topic to President Obama","questions":"What did Senator McCaskill say she was too busy to do?","answer":"Photographed"}
{"text":["It's very important to me. But also I had to try and understand how somebody so remarkable would think of herself and how would people see her. And what I realized, as a result of my research, was that there was this entire tradition of women warriors in France at that time - quite celebrated - and they had fought. They had worn men's clothes and they were celebrated, like Joan of Arc had been many years before, and perhaps that was the tradition that she fitted into.","It did occur to me reading the novel - and you want to be careful with this sort of thing - but if Julie a'Aubigny had been alive now, someone would've said, well, there's a support group you ought to join.","(Laughter) Oh, look, I think if she arrived now, we would still be amazed. She would still be larger than life. She's like an Olympic gold medalist combined with Lady Gaga. She's that remarkable. And she would probably still be a star today. There's not really anybody like her now.","And like a lot of great stars we could mention, she didn't last a long a course, did she?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : She was a remarkable and iconic figure who would still be celebrated today.","questions":"What would someone say if Julie d'Aubigny had been alive now?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["He wound up in a room in Jordan for 45 days and sent along the most dangerous road in the world and then become some kind of global symbol.","And then what happened to Kamala?","To be a widow in Nepal, you're pretty much - you become the property of your husband's family after you get married. And if he dies, you're sort of treated that way, sadly. So she was completely isolated by his family. She was cast out. She wound up at a home for widows and their children in Kathmandu, an ashram. I found her there in 2005. She was so devastated, she couldn't even look at me.","I went back to Nepal in 2013 to write about the same supply chains feeding guys making cameras for the iPhone 5 in Malaysia. And some of the families that I wrote about at the time and got together and - was this woman, this magnetic woman who lit up the room, who was leading the conversation that everybody was deferring to. She was cutting off the men, which you also don't see much of in Nepal. And I didn't even recognize her."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The treatment of widows in Nepal is unfair and oppressive.","questions":"What happened to Kamala after her husband's death?","answer":"Widow."}
{"text":["Well, there was a line of thunderstorms that was moving across Oklahoma. And most people were aware of it. But it spun up this brief tornado called a QLCS tornado. These are the specific kinds of tornadoes that happen in these lines of thunderstorms. And they're known for being brief and weak. But they're also known for coming with very little warning.","And this came at night. It only stayed on the ground for just four minutes. It was only 75 yards wide. But it hit right at this point - if you look on either one side or the other side of this 75-yard section, there's a car lot and a boat lot. It hit a motel and a trailer park. So two people died, and it was terrible.","And do you know what the situation is today in El Reno, how they're doing?","Well, they had already activated their severe weather plan. And this town is well-practiced because it was hit just six years ago by the largest tornado on record. They were already dealing with flooding that had happened earlier in the week. The governor of Oklahoma visited today. And President Donald Trump did call Governor Kevin Stitt while he was out and about saying that the nation's prayers were with Oklahoma.","And I imagine everybody who was in this trailer park has had to find somewhere else to stay for the meantime."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : El Reno is a town that is well-practiced in dealing with severe weather and natural disasters.","questions":"What is the name of the town mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"ElReno"}
{"text":["And you'll vote again, yes, today.","I will, although I'm pretty peeved at the Senate for putting in the baloney tax extension. I mean, I can't believe that the Senate did that. I mean, how disgusting. But we're over a barrel, we've got to hold our nose. You know, we can't let the state of California go belly up financially.","There is a real risk though, congresswoman, that even if the House passes this it goes through, the president signs it - that it won't help, that it won't unfreeze the credit markets.","We're still going to have a problem. I mean, there is no question that there is already layoff. There's going to be an economic decline. There's going to be a recession. The question is how deep and, you know, is this going to be a catastrophe or is just going to be bad. This is not the last thing we're going to have to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Passing this bill may not be enough to improve the credit market.","questions":"Which bill?","answer":"Tax"}
{"text":["Thank you.","This study was conducted by some FDA researchers. Can you tell us more about what they found?","They found that some of the chemical active ingredients in sunscreen - oxybenzone, avobenzone - was absorbed through the skin. But they did not make a determination about whether or not that meant health effects - health side effects from that absorption.","You were behind Consumer Reports' extensive ranking of sunscreens. So in light of this news, how should we think about our choice of sunscreen?What should we look for?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Sunscreen ingredients can be absorbed by the skin, but the health effects are still unknown","questions":"How were the sunscreen ingredients absorbed?","answer":"Skin"}
{"text":["An investigation by the U. S.  Park Police and the FBI found that Mr.  Foster committed suicide. We turn now to Joe Klein. He's a political columnist for Time magazine and, of course, author of \"Primary Colors,\" the 1996 bestseller that featured a charming, philandering rogue of a southern governor and his proud, smart and oft humiliated wife - wonder what inspired that. Is Bill Clinton's personal history a legitimate campaign issue?","No, I don't think so. I mean, we've been through this time and time and time and time again. And there's so many legitimate campaign issues out there. I think that it's kind of a way for Donald Trump to steal a new cycle, as they say these days. I do think that there's an interesting debate going on within the Democratic Party about Bill Clinton's substance of record in the '90s. But that's a different thing.","Tactically, do you see it as a wise campaign issue on Trump's part?","I think people are going to get tired of it. You know, this sort of stuff worked in the Republican primaries. I think that people are entertained by his antics. It remains to be seen whether people are going to vote on him. I mean, you have to understand that we've never seen a candidate like Donald Trump before."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Donald Trump is using Bill Clinton's personal history as a distraction from legitimate campaign issues","questions":"Which issue does \"A\" consider an interesting debate within the Democratic Party?","answer":"Substance"}
{"text":["How did she describe it?","It happened to be a beautiful day when she posted this picture, but you see rubble side by side with, you know, people doing their shopping, people just going about their business, school kids returning to school. It's surreal.","So there's the physical scars of this conflict, but what about the other one that you mentioned, which is justice?Will there be justice for anyone who committed atrocities?There's so much evidence of the chemical attacks, the murders, the torture, the disappearances. What happens to that?","There are some bright spots of hope - the fact that we saw - that we're starting to see indictments in European courts. You know, interestingly enough, a lot of people who were perpetrators of some of the worst crimes inside Syria, whether they did it in the name of the regime or in the name of an opposition, have found themselves in Europe and, therefore, sort of subject to European justice because other Syrians have recognized them. Other Syrians have identified them. And there might be hopes that there can be an accountability in that sense.","But I think inside Syria, you know, the actual architects of most of this - of this incredible disaster still remain at large. And not only at large or in power, but about to potentially be incredibly enriched by the reconstruction that, in theory, is coming to Syria.","So what do you think the road ahead looks like for Syria?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : There is not a road but life in general that is meant here. What Syria will go through is what is meant.","questions":"How is the future of Syria described in turn 5?","answer":"justice"}
{"text":["So you have worked directly with children at the Homestead Shelter in South Florida. Can you take us through one case, one specific type service that you provide now that you wouldn't be able to if and when these cuts go forward?","Generally we provide a Know-Your-Rights presentation to every single child that is detained in an ORR facility in South Florida. Next we provide a one-on-one legal screening with every single child that is in one of these shelters. That legal screening has two purposes. One is to let us know, is this an emergency?Do we need to file this child's case right away?Or are they eligible for relief and are going to be released to another location?If they're eligible for relief and going to be released elsewhere, we will work our butts off to try to find them a lawyer wherever they are released to.","What would it look like for a kid without a lawyer, without this type of legal aid that you're describing?","I mean, you can only imagine. There's no way that any child would be able to navigate this system alone. You know, no child is going to be able to represent themselves in court. And, you know, we see that already with unrepresented children."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Unrepresented children are at a disadvantage in court.","questions":"How are unrepresented children in court?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["Oh boy, so much has changed. The club scenes, radio, the entire industry as a whole has changed dramatically. Even back then - I mean, I'm not really in clubs right now, but back then, the music that they were playing was different. The accessibility through music and the clubs, and then transitioning into radio was different.","Because that's really how \"Hey Mister DJ\" became such a big hit. A couple of DJs in the clubs loved it, started playing it, and then the next thing you know it was on the radio. And I remember because the label at that time was not really interested in promoting the song. So that's really how it got to mainstream radio, and it just would build and build from there. So it's changed so much now. Regulations and everything has changed. So it's just not as easy to kind of get in those doors.","Now, what made you decide you wanted to go record again?","You know, well, during that time, that seven year hiatus that I took, another life change that I had was really just kind of recommitting my life to God, and my husband and I both grew up in church. And you know, you kind of do your thing when you go to college, and you got your freedom, you do whatever you want to do, which is also a growing period."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The music played in clubs and on the radio has changed significantly over time","questions":"Which industry has changed dramatically?","answer":"Music"}
{"text":["Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me.","One of the things you've written about is complicity in the power establishment. But also, you believe some women have been complicit - people you call game girls.","I do indeed write about the way that many of the women - including myself - many of the women I know are wrestling with the ways in which we have participated in this system or not participated in this system. So many of us - if not all of us - have engaged in this in one way or another, whether we were the objects of harassment or assault, whether we decided to stay silent and not report assaults - sometimes in an effort to not get the backlash that many women got when they did file complaints. But if we did that, then did we enable the perpetrators to do it to other women who are our younger colleagues or who came after us?If we did not participate - if we rebuffed, did that hurt our careers?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) can mean \"I'm grateful for this opportunity\"","questions":"What is the term used by the speaker to refer to women who have been complicit in the power establishment?","answer":"Silent"}
{"text":["And why the neighborhoods around Logan?What was going on then?","The people who lived on or in the vicinity of Neptune Road were having a very, very big problem. The airport grew and grew and grew, and needed more and more land. And the people on Neptune Road were so hurt by the noise pollution because at that point the airplanes would land and take off right over their street often enough that there was extensive noise pollution. And I have this one picture - I think you probably saw it - of the teenagers on the overpass, and some of them are not even paying attention to the airplane overhead, and it could be that some of them are now hearing impaired in this photograph.","I mean, you take a look at some of your photographs and the planes are astonishingly close. I mean, it feels that you can almost reach up and hold onto one of the wheels.","And I documented cracks in walls in the homes, people with severe hearing problems. It just went on and on and on."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In turn (1), the speaker asks why the neighborhoods around Logan were affected by some issue or problem. The literal meaning of the turn is a question about the specific cause or nature of the issue.","questions":"Which road were the people living on Neptune affected by the extensive noise pollution from airplanes?","answer":"Neptune"}
{"text":["Because we are, alas, almost never chased by lions now, our stressors tend to be things that are not actually going to threaten our lives. The jerk at work, traffic, these things are not going to kill us, but they do elevate our stress response in a similar way, but they don't offer us the same opportunity to complete the stress response cycle. So we're walking around with a couple decades of incomplete activated stress response cycles in our bodies that are just waiting for us to go ahead and do the thing we need to do.","Physical activity is the most efficient. Affection is really powerful. One of our favorite recommendations is the 20 second hug. If you hold someone that long, it communicates to your body that you have a person in your life whom you love and trust enough and who loves and trusts you enough to stand this close together. And your chemistry shifts into a state of I have come home, which is the end of the stress response cycle.","At the end of each chapter, you have these little TL;DR recaps - it's internet talk for too long; didn't read. So what is the TL;DR for this conversation?What's the one thing you really want people to take away, Emily?","It's that wellness is not a state of being. It is not a state of mind. It is a state of action."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Physical touch and affection can help complete the stress response cycle and create a feeling of safety.","questions":"Which action can help complete the stress response cycle?","answer":"Action"}
{"text":["Absolutely. Mary was beyond offended. This was after her columns had been a sensation, after the Army-McCarthy hearings. And Mary had to deal with that kind of institutional sexism throughout her career, that she knew she would have to work harder and write better than the men to be a syndicated columnist. But she was also fairly comfortable with the hand she was dealt. She was not a trailblazing feminist in a traditional sense of the word. She figured if she was going to get paid less and have to work harder, she would make the men on the campaign trail damn well carry her bags.","Yeah, Mary's bearers, they were called, right?","Indeed. I don't think a more illustrious group of porters has ever been assembled, that you could find people carrying her typewriter and bag who invariably had won a Pulitzer. And as her cousin once joked, that if the reporters around weren't able to do it, she would make the candidates do so.","I wish I could think of a better opening. Tell me the Lyndon Baines Johnson story, if you could, please."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Yeah, Mary's bearers, they were called, right?  In this turn, the implied meaning is that Mary had a group of people known as \"bearers\" who were responsible for carrying her typewriter and bag. These bearers were exceptional individuals who had won Pulitzer Prizes. It suggests that Mary had a team of highly skilled and accomplished individuals supporting her, further highlighting her influence and status.","questions":"What was the name of the group of people responsible for carrying Mary's typewriter and bag?","answer":"Bearers"}
{"text":["And when you have spoken out publicly about it, you got a lot of backlash, very ugly stuff. Why do you think that hockey fans are so protective of this aspect back to the game when it seems like we should all be able to agree that if we can just be - keep players healthier and keep their brains safer, that should be a good thing?","Yeah. I think it's just - I think it's a resistance to change. That's really what it comes down to. But yeah, when I - I tweeted out about this in response to Don Cherry, who's a big pro-fighting guy here in Canada. And I got a lot of vitriol. It was ugly. I mean, it ranged from respectful disagreement to homophobia, sexism, misogyny. And that was kind of when I realized this truly is a cultural stigma, a cultural touchpoint and powder keg issue that needs to be investigated and discussed further.","The larger important issue here is the health of players. And the NFL and football have really dominated the conversation when it comes to concussions and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, this this brain neurological illness. But hockey has this issue as well. Can you talk a bit about how injuries in hockey are factoring into this?","Yeah. I mean, I would argue that the NHL is probably lagging behind most of the other contact sports leagues as far as addressing this issue. There was a class-action lawsuit settled last year. But the players only got - who were involved - only got about $20,000 each and some promises for future medical testing and medical treatment.","Much less than the NFL football players got."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They got a lot of people complaining about what they spoke about.","questions":"What was the reaction to PersonA's public statement?","answer":"Uproar"}
{"text":["Is your area of focus because you believe, you know, what's the old classic Willie Sutton line: why do you rob banks?'Cause that's where the money is.","I would say it's more where the need is. For many years, we had invested in pharmaceutical companies, some device companies. With the advent of the Internet, it was time to bring technology, information technology to health care. You know, hospital systems, payers, physicians' offices were really in the dark ages of technology. I mean, back then, we were literally just wiring up physicians with the Internet in order to get them online. And I think our view is that with better information and information sharing, there's a better coordination of care. If you think about patients which bounce around to different doctors and then have the same diagnostic tests repeated three times, that doesn't help the patient. That only adds cost to the system. And when you have miscommunications between hospital systems and physicians, then you have poor care.","Is - forgive me for putting it in a simplistic way - is health care the new real estate?","I do think there's more innovation and investment going into the area. Some of that will be unwise. It always is in venture capital. We're investing in early-stage companies. Do I think it's a bubble?No, I don't think it's a bubble. I think there are so many ways that we can improve health care delivery today that it's worth a tremendous amount of investment in systems and information to do so."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is using the quote \"why do you rob banks? 'Cause that's where the money is\" as a metaphor to ask if the area of focus is chosen because that's where the opportunity is.","questions":"Which classic line does PersonB use as a metaphor to ask if PersonA's area of focus is chosen because that's where the opportunity is? (Answer: Willie Sutton)","answer":"Willie"}
{"text":["What are you going to do when your internet connection goes down?","We have actually, so far, been able - we have reporters who are also out of town that we're in touch with. We're determined that we're going to keep reports on this storm on the internet, no matter how we do it. We've got a lot of backup for that at www. dailycomet. com and at Houmatoday. com.","We're determined that we're going to keep reports on this storm on the internet, no matter how we do it. We've got a lot of backup for that at www. dailycomet. com and at Houmatoday. com. We didn't stop yet and we don't plan to stop.","You have reporters out trying to cover this story all over where this hurricane is going. There must be some point where you say and where the reporters say to you \"Hey, I got to stop for a while because there's a hurricane coming. \""],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They will continue reporting on the storm via the internet no matter what.","questions":"Which method will they use to report on the storm?","answer":"Internet"}
{"text":["Deb, is there any kind of reassessment about what might be possible?The meeting's unprecedented, the atmosphere's been a real roller coaster, but what else?","You know, there's no expectation this is going to be easy. The Syrian war isn't confined to one country. It's a regional war. Two million Syrians are outside the country. More than half the country is displaced. Powerful extremist Islamists are in the north. Shiite militias from Iran, Lebanon and Iraq are fighting on the side of the regime. Some of the most important players are not even at the table. There's going to be lots of bumps. But I think you have to say that the fact that they are sitting down is a beginning, at least to start for a political process, something we have not seen in three years.","Anything that you're looking for, Deb, that you're going to flag?","Well, I think the idea is to keep everybody at the table this week. The most contentious issue, of course, is going to be negotiating a transitional government. And it's possible that that topic will either not be called that this week to keep everybody sitting down, but they're going to have to get to it at some point, and that's what I'll be watching for. When those discussions start, will everybody stay at the table?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) B: Anything that you're looking for, Deb, that you're going to flag? This turn is a direct question asking if there is anything specific that Deb is going to highlight or draw attention to. There is no implied meaning beyond the literal interpretation, so (3) is not the correct option.","questions":"What is the most contentious issue being negotiated at the meeting?","answer":"Transitional"}
{"text":["Oh, my God.","And so I heard that, I'm like that's what this novel is supposed to be about. Basically, I worked on it for about three years.","In this 40th year anniversary, isn't it, of the fall of Saigon. . .","It is."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In this turn, the speaker is not actually stating that they heard something and then made a decision based on that information. Instead, they are using the phrase \"I'm like\" to express their thought process, which is a common colloquialism. The actual meaning of this turn is that the speaker had an idea for a novel based on something they heard, and they spent three years working on it.","questions":"Which phrase did the speaker use to express their thought process?","answer":"I'm-like"}
{"text":["\"The Interview,\" a bromance.","Tamara, are these mostly symbolic sanctions?I mean, North Korea's already under significant sanctions.","Significant. There have been four UN Security Council resolutions adopted since 2006, as well as two U. S.  sanctions programs. These are largely targeted at North Korea's weapons development - nuclear weapons development. So you could easily argue that these new sanctions are just piling onto a pretty big pile already.","U. S.  officials insist, though, that these are new and different because they name 10 individuals, most of whom work for the country's main arms dealer. They say that this naming them is going to make it very hard for those people to do business basically anywhere in the world. The White House also says that there are more sanctions yet to come."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implies that the sanctions put in place by the UN Security Council and the US government are more of the same and not necessarily new or different in any meaningful way. ","questions":"Which US officials insist that naming 10 individuals will make it hard for them to do business anywhere in the world?","answer":"U.S."}
{"text":["Do you ever feel that way, you're just so tired of singing, but you know you have to because that song is so closely associated with who you are?","Well \"Band of Gold\" would be it, but by the time I get to the end of the show, and I'm coming back for that last encore\u2026","(Singing) Now that you're gone, all that's left is a band of gold\u2026","A lot of times, I will do \"Band of Gold,\" and as a matter of fact, I - and I find that it's a good thing because I see people in the audience just light up, like (unintelligible)\u2026"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"(Singing) Now that you're gone, all that's left is a band of gold\u2026\" - The implied meaning here is that the person is singing a melancholy song about the loss of a loved one and how all that remains is a tangible reminder of their love (represented by a band of gold).","questions":"Which song does the speaker sing that talks about the loss of a loved one?","answer":"Band-of-Gold"}
{"text":["Well, here's the interesting part. The scientific heavyweights like the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration didn't fare any better than the almanac last year, which makes you wonder: Is seasonal prediction even possible?Here to talk about it is Jason Samenow. He's a chief meteorologist for the Capital Weather Gang at The Washington Post. He joins us from NPR in Washington. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you for having me on.","So what are the predictions look like this year, and then should we pay attention to them?","There is a ton of uncertainty about what this winter's going to bring across much of the country. And that has to do with the fact that El Nino - which is the episodic warming of the equatorial Pacific, which was predicted to develop by now - really hasn't behaved as expected. So when we have an El Nino, we typically see warm and dry conditions across the Northern Tier and wet and cold conditions across the Southern Tier. But it has pretty much baffled forecasters in that it hasn't developed as models have predicted."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The weather forecasters are uncertain about this winter's conditions due to the unpredicted behavior of El Nino","questions":"What has baffled forecasters regarding El Nino's behavior this year?","answer":"Behavior"}
{"text":["And Kellie, I hear a child behind you. May I ask, are you in a clinic?","Yeah. So I'm inside the health clinic at the refugee settlement.","OK. So you have a clinic set up to deal with Ebola cases. You also have, as you say, thousands of Congolese crossing the border every couple of weeks into the settlement where you are. What is the level of worry that you might get more cases?","People are very worried. I think until the outbreak stops in DRC, then the chances that new cases arrive in Uganda is very high."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is in the health clinic at the refugee settlement.","questions":"What kind of clinic is the speaker in?","answer":"Health"}
{"text":["Well, we had some great conversations about what it took to play the position. And you know, Bob Watson, who started out as a catcher, was one of the committee members. Phil Niekro, Bert Blyleven and Don Sutton, Pat Gillick, all pitchers, all Hall Famers, were really able to add a lot of insight to what it must have been like.","And the other - one of the main things we talked about was just how they played much shorter schedules in the 1870s. So when you look at career statistics, that's a huge distortion. Deacon White ended up with 2,000 career hits, but he was playing in a - in an average of 40, 50, 60-game schedules a year. So there was no way to generate the kind of career milestones that we look at as benchmarks today. You know, 3,000 hits would be all but impossible. And 2,000 was a terrific accomplishment.","And the number of errors he recorded even as a great defensive catcher would have been, you know, totally unacceptable by today's standards.","Oh, exactly. Yeah. And again, an issue where we had to really sort of look at what - compare him to people from his own era. And when we did that, you know, it became really obvious just how much he stood above his contemporaries.","Are the records from those days good enough that you have reliable accounts of who was good and who was great?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Bob Watson's transition from catcher to committee member added unique insight to the position.","questions":"What committee?","answer":"Committee"}
{"text":["I actually haven't done the calculation, but if you can separate the light of the planet from the star, then you can do spectroscopy on it. And so you can look for the biomarkers of CO2 and methane and water and those kinds of gases, and that will tell you whether there's processes going on that generate oxygen and such, which tells a lot about whether there's biology going on on the planet.","This has been described as an unexpected discovery. Why was it so surprising?","Well it was because we weren't particularly looking for planets. Based on the work we did on 40307, we realized that the activity of the star is masking a lot of the potential planet signals. So that sort of clued the lead author, Mikko, into developing a technique that can more carefully and more accurately model the activity due to spots and flares on the surface of the star.","And it - so what we decided to do then, since we didn't know anything about star activity, was to pick a star that had lots of observations, thousands of observations from multiple groups, but didn't have any known planets around it, figuring we would just be studying only the activity. And when we learned how to model that activity and removed it from the analysis, out popped five planets very unexpectedly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Spectroscopy on a planet can reveal if there's biology on it","questions":"How can you determine the presence of life on a planet using what technique?","answer":"Spectroscopy"}
{"text":["I think both can be true. I think - look. It's outrageous that there's an invoice. But it's not new. The invoice was not given lately. It was given to Special Representative Yun when he went to North Korea to collect Otto Warmbier. And at that point, when you're giving that invoice, you sign, and you leave. So it's not new. That's one. Second, it's not unique, either. When. . .","It's not unique to negotiations with North Korea or. . .","Correct - North Korea specifically.","North Korea specifically has a habit of this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Although it's not new, it's still outrageous that there's an invoice for collecting Otto Warmbier.","questions":"What specifically was given to Special Representative Yun when he went to North Korea to collect Otto Warmbier?","answer":"Invoice"}
{"text":["I don't know why anybody thinkS that a presidential candidate would be playing presidential politics. But his feeling - McCain's feeling is that he's talked to enough House Republicans who probably liked the fact that McCain got involved, felt that there was some possible - if not a framework, some advancement towards a goal, towards a solution and we shall allow him to go down to Oxford.","So, what do you expect to see there tonight?","Well, you know ostensibly, the subject is foreign policy, national security. But you know that - with this on everybody's mind and certainly the voters' minds, with less than six weeks to go, the questions will be about the bailout. I suspect though that - I'm not convinced that neither McCain nor Obama really know exactly what to do with it. And hopefully they won't play the blame game, which is so much of what's going on in Washington right now.","Well, let me ask you, how important does this debate seem now at this moment. I mean, maybe it's just simply blown away by the financial story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"It's just simply blown away\" implies that the financial story is much more important than the debate.","questions":"What does \"blown away\" imply about the importance of the financial story compared to the debate?","answer":"More"}
{"text":["From the studios of NPR West, this is Day to Day. I'm Alex Cohen. This Thanksgiving Day, we'll hear how food banks are innovating to meet the needs of the hungry in the U. S.  That's just ahead. First, though, we go to Mumbai, India, where coordinated terrorist attacks began last night, killing more than 100 people. The attacks occurred throughout the city at sites like the Oberoi and Taj Mahal Hotels. Arif Doctor is a lawyer living in Mumbai. We reached him today at his home and asked what the city looks like.","From my home, we're seeing or hearing presently nothing. Last night, we heard three explosions, which we were told were hand grenades, at about midnight and half past one in the morning. And we were told those were hand grenades thrown out of the Oberoi Hotel.","Do you know anyone personally who has been at any of these sites that have come under attack?","We do. We know someone. I'm a lawyer, and there's another fellow lawyer - two fellow lawyers who are in the Oberoi, very senior lawyers who are in the Oberoi. We had contact with them til about four, five in the morning. And after that, we've heard nothing from them. They were in a restaurant which is on the ground floor of the Oberoi. One is called the Tiffin and the other Kandahar. And since that time, we've had no contact with them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the situation in Mumbai is so tense and unpredictable that even small sounds like explosions can cause fear and panic.","questions":"What can small sounds like explosions cause in Mumbai?","answer":"Fear"}
{"text":["You know, I think really when it comes to animal agriculture and pork production specifically, we've always been about open and fair markets and open trade. We know that when there's a level playing field and we have an opportunity to be able to compete with other pork producers worldwide, we continue to gain market share because we are good.","When we have tariffs, these retaliatory tariffs, obviously somebody else has an advantage over us. And especially in China here right now, obviously we've got two 25% tariffs that add up to a 50%, along with the 12% that they charge everybody. That's a 62% tariff. Well, that puts us out of the market, makes us uncompetitive.","Well, with this announcement out of the White House, kind of unexpectedly just in the past week, I mean, do you kind of feel like there's a game of chicken going on, and you're caught in the middle?","Well, let's be very realistic. The real issue at first was steel and aluminum tariffs, which the tariffs were put on Mexico. They retaliated against the United States, and our product was at a 20% tariff rate. And really that was worth about $12 per head. And that $12 came out of my and other pork producers' pocket. So that was the first one."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The steel and aluminum tariffs caused a loss for pork producers","questions":"How much money did the steel and aluminum tariffs cost pork producers?","answer":"$12"}
{"text":["Being an African-American police officer is one of the most difficult things that you'll do because there are African-American police officers all around this country and in this city who I talk to on a daily bases that, even before recent history, believe that there were issues between police officers and young black men. And one of the things that I think creates the problem - I've heard the word utilized a lot in describing the relationship - is that African-American men and particularly young men - say late teens to early-to-mid-30s - are - the word used is demonized.","And there are black officers that you talk to on a daily basis who will tell you that it's tough. I see this, and I still have to be accepted. I still have to be a part of the police culture, living in two worlds.","But I'll say that if you're a black police officer in America, there are some difficulties simply because you know that your race and gender has been on the receiving end of some very serious and questionable uses of force, whether they be deadly or just plain force used to make an arrest. So it is seen as something that - a burden that we carry as African-American men who also work in police profession.","Lieutenant Thomas Glover is president of the Black Police Association of Greater Dallas. Lieutenant Glover, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) Turn A: The implied meaning is that being an African-American police officer is particularly challenging because of the negative perceptions and biases that exist towards young black men, and that this can create tension and difficulties in relationships between police officers and the communities they serve.","questions":"Which group of individuals does PersonA suggest are demonized in their relationship with police officers?","answer":"young"}
{"text":["Why they're talking about it is because they feel they have to talk about it. The government of Bangladesh wants the bulk of these people to return. They also would be feeling some domestic pressures in this area, as well. And the government of Burma, I think, is feeling some of the pressure from the international community and feels some need to be responsive. But the real story here is this is horrifying, this discussion, to be taking place right now, given the complete absence of measures in place to ensure safety and security upon return.","As I understand it, the Rohingya, according to this agreement, will be moved from the camps in Bangladesh to a camp in Myanmar where there could be security concerns.","Oh yeah, there are no safeguards in place. There - been no serious discussion of safeguards for return. You have to realize that we're talking about one of the greatest crimes in recent memory - massive abuses, forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of people in a matter of weeks.","There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N.  official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There has been no discussion of safeguards for the return of the Rohingya after being forcefully relocated.","questions":"Which group of people have been forcefully relocated without discussion of safeguards for their return?","answer":"Rohingya"}
{"text":["Well, to be quite honest with you, at the end of the day, when you're looking at a product that is an adult product - and that's how we see it - the adult has the ability to choose.","But why blueberry, vanilla and cherry - why those flavors?","Actually, you know, we have quite a few individuals that like the blueberry. For me, it gets old quick. So therefore, I have, like, more coffee flavors. But the point is cherry and strawberry are actually fairly popular flavors amongst adults.","And when we're talking about flavors, we're not talking about those kind of flavors. We're talking about the cotton candy type of flavors. We steer away from any flavors that expressly go after a particular target market audience. And those flavors we obviously will never carry, never made and will never participate in our lineup."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : at the end of the day means something is likely going to happen or what happens after everything else.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the type of flavors they steer away from?","answer":"Cotton-candy"}
{"text":["No, no, no. We have also identified 39 other states that have been impacted crimewise by our kits that were found in Detroit. They're not all rape cases. We also have some homicides, some other types of cases that testing rape kits will also help to solve.","What have you discovered might help processing this huge number of rape kits?You need more money, personnel - what do you need?","Well, when we first started, there really was no road map. So we kind of had to put it together ourselves. And the first thing that is of notice, Detroit was a near-bankrupt city. And so we had no money. At that time, it cost anywhere from $1,200 to $1,500 per kit back in '09 to test them. So we're looking at a multimillion-dollar problem just to get them tested. And it doesn't do any good to test them all if you're not going to follow up and investigate and prosecute them like you should have done - or like it should've been done - when this first happened. So those are the challenges we are facing. But my first challenge is basically begging and pleading with foundations, with Detroit businessmen and -women, with the general public - to basically fund the project.","Did you run into resistance from people who said, look, this sounds like a good thing to do, but Detroit's a city filled with good things to do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of (2): What resources do you need to help process the huge number of rape kits?","questions":"How much did it cost to test each rape kit back in '09?","answer":"$1,200,$1,500"}
{"text":["Erik Nourrie was in Brazil a while back when he got too close to a wild monkey.","I guess he got a little agitated. I was too close, and he socked me.","There was another monkey attack in an enclosure in Honduras. His wife snapped some photos of that one. Maybe its karma, maybe it's a spiritual test of resilience. But Erik Nourrie says he travels a lot to fun, dangerous spots. So all this happening to one guy makes him the world's unluckiest man. But the fact he survived it all makes him one lucky son of a gun.","You know, I believe God's in control. When it's my time, it's my time. And apparently, the other day, it wasn't my time yet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A \"son of a gun\" can be an insult or a term of endearment, the latter in this case. It has nothing to do with guns.","questions":"How is the term \"son of a gun\" used in this case?","answer":"Endearment"}
{"text":["The government is treading a fine line. On one hand, it acknowledges that this is a regime that cannot survive, and that this is a matter of time, only. At the same time, because it's a neighbor and because the borders are still open and there is some trade going on, in addition to other reasons, the government is careful not to take matters, sort of, beyond a certain point. But I think that there is wide consensus in the region that understands that this regime has no chance of survival. The problem and the questions is, how many more people will be killed before it leaves the scene?","Again, Turkey - we know that the Free Syrian Army uses Turkey as a safe haven. Injured are brought back to be treated in medical facilities. The fighters return there to rest and re-equip and then come back. That's a very porous border in that situation. What about Jordan?Is Jordan allowing the Free Syrian Army effectively to operate from its territory?","No. There are no military operations being conducted out of Jordan for the Free Syrian Army. Jordan has received a number of defectors from Syria, including the ex-prime minister of Syria and several army officers who have defected to Jordan. But they have not engaged in any military activity, so far.","Why no?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The government is cautious in its approach towards the regime, but it's clear that the regime is not going to survive. However, the government is worried about taking action that might destabilize the region.","questions":"Which regime is the government cautious towards?","answer":"Regime"}
{"text":["No, not at all. And I've been pretty much apolitical my entire adult life. But this election is obviously quite different than previous presidential elections. So I just thought - I thought it was necessary to jump in and use my voice.","Why?","The prospects of Donald Trump being president just scare the hell out of me. And that's coming after having initially, you know, supported him and hoped that he would be 180 degrees different from what he turned out to be.","I mean, am I wrong?I seem to remember there was a time when you offered to be the running mate for either of them.","Oh, sure. Yeah, a lot of that was a little bit tongue-in-cheek. I didn't really expect that to happen. But, you know, there was a time when Donald first got into the race where I would talk to him on the phone."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning behind this question is that A was initially willing to support Donald Trump and even offered to be his running mate at one point, but has since changed his mind and is now opposed to him.","questions":"How did PersonA's stance towards Donald Trump change over time?","answer":"Changed"}
{"text":["The problem is 90 percent of space in our military is in the Air Force. So what we're basically going to be doing is taking the current infrastructure - for example, Space Command in Colorado Springs will become the headquarters for the Space Corps. We're talking about taking the people that we need to take that deal with space and segregating them into a culture that appreciates them.","The Air Force has pushed back on this. The Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson said, quote, \"the Pentagon is complicated enough. This will make it more complex, add more boxes to the organization chart and cost more money. \"Is she wrong?","She's absolutely wrong. The bureaucracy is always going to fight reform - always, especially the Pentagon. They're fighting this because they don't want Congress meddling. You know, what I've told her is, in 16 years, the Air Force has not changed a thing. And they've got us in this situation now where Russia and China have become near peers. They're close to surpassing us. What we're proposing would change that.","I think what some people would say is that we are cooperating with the Russians on the International Space Station. Should space be the new frontier of warfare, or should it actually be a place where, indeed, these cooperations flourish?After all, we are all on one planet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"They're fighting this because they don't want Congress meddling\" - This phrase implies that the Pentagon is resisting the proposed changes to the military because they want to maintain their own control and autonomy, and they are concerned that Congress may interfere with their operations.","questions":"Which group is resisting the proposed changes to the military?","answer":"Pentagon"}
{"text":[". . . Telling people to get the torches and the pitchforks. Look, I don't think that is going to happen. But this kind of precedent is dangerous. And it's really unnerving.","Who's alarmed by the - by Donald Trump's statement on this?Is it just - forgive me - the political chattering class, which, I guess - ostensibly of which we are both members. . .","(Laughter).",". . . And who he, Mr.  Trump, says are helping to rig the election with biased media coverage in any case?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: It is ironic that Donald Trump is accusing the political \"chattering class\" of rigging the election when both parties are part of the same class.","questions":"How is it ironic that Donald Trump is accusing the political \"chattering class\" of rigging the election?","answer":"Member."}
{"text":["Flora, continue with the. . .","Well, yes. So there are two things going on here. One is there's a bone difference between owls and humans. And this is already known. Owls have the double the number of vertebrae in their necks than we do. They have 14 and we have seven, and more segments gives them more flexibility.","Right.","You imagine, like. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to give them more flexibility in this context means they are allowed to do more things","questions":"Which word describes what the additional vertebrae give owls?","answer":"Flexibility"}
{"text":["Yeah.","You know, again, as you say. . .","Door to door is about it.","And that's about it. And by the time everybody realized the scope of this disaster, it was too late. You could not evacuate people in time. And so it was basically described as an unleashed monster."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The disaster was so severe that it was impossible to save everyone, and the situation was out of control.","questions":"How was the disaster described?","answer":"monster"}
{"text":["Having read about you, you just don't believe that this would be redundant but could be dangerous.","Yeah. If you put the two side by side, there's only one difference. And that is the FDA. The FDA gets taken out of the equation with the proposed legislation. The FDA is in the equation with the existing regulations. Compassionate Use process is extremely easy. Basically, go to your doctor. Find one who will agree to administer the therapy. Contact the drug company. See if they're also willing to agree. Fill out the paperwork. And then if the FDA doesn't object, the patient can get the treatment. And the only difference with the new legislation is that last part. The FDA is taken out of the equation.","With respect, why care so much about the FDA if a life is hanging in the balance?","So as a terminal cancer patient, I would, you know, obviously love to try something that's going to prolong my life or cure my cancer. The reality is that that's a very, very small statistic in terms of drug development discovery. Only 5 percent of drugs that go through phase one development actually go on to be approved. So you're talking about giving people medications that, in historical context, have only had a 5 percent chance of actually working at the end of the day. And then you're exposing these patients to, potentially, additional toxicities that could accelerate their death or cause additional problems for them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Compassionate Use process is extremely easy\" - This turn is literal in meaning. It explains how the compassionate use process works and implies that it is not complicated.","questions":"What is the only difference between the existing regulations and proposed legislation regarding the FDA?","answer":"FDA"}
{"text":["And would they work differently?Is the mechanism different?","Well, yeah, there might be subtle differences in that something that's truly universal would need to target something that is very constant and unchanging in the virus and something that would be accessible to our immune systems. And in an ideal world, if we could target the vaccine to those kinds of structures, and we see those in the virus, then we'd have our universal vaccine.","But we may not be that lucky. We may end up not being able to get a clear shot at something that's completely (unintelligible) and if that's the case, we would redirect it to the parts that we could see, and then you might have a little bit of escape every once in a while, and so they would be targeted to different regions.","Give me a rundown of virus anatomy. What are we actually targeting with these vaccines?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn (3) \"But we may not be that lucky\" has a meaning that is different from its literal meaning.  The literal meaning of \"we may not be that lucky\" is that there is a possibility that luck may not be in our favor. However, the intended meaning here is that it may not be possible to develop a completely universal vaccine due to the complexity of the virus structure. This is a figurative use of the word \"lucky\" to convey a complex and uncertain situation.","questions":"Which word is used figuratively in turn 2 to convey a complex and uncertain situation?","answer":"Lucky"}
{"text":["So, why did investors react the way they did?","Well, investors are always thinking about what's coming in the future. They are not that concerned with what's happening in the present. And so, Apple had a terrific quarter. They pretty much met expectations. But the markets have become so used to Apple vastly exceeding expectations and the market's become so used to Apple's sort of coming out every six months or a year with some innovative new product that everybody has to have - and that's not happening. And so the market is basically looking for somebody else to fall in love with. And there is Samsung.","And so are they doing what Apple, at least this quarter didn't do, or is Samsung rolling our new technology, new got-to-have products?","Well, the Galaxy series, which is, you know, smartphones, you know, pads, so on and so forth, has been a huge, huge hit. I read somewhere that they went from having sold 30 million Galaxy smart - the new Galaxy smartphones to 40 million in a space of two months. People really like the phones, they have a good advertising campaign and they're less expensive than Apple. And we're at the point in the smartphone market where that matters."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"How did Samsung's Galaxy series perform compared to Apple's products?","answer":"Huge"}
{"text":["But also, at the moment, there is a decided sense of panic and loss of confidence in the financial system itself, which is actually exacerbating the situation. The scariest thing that's going on at the moment is, essentially, there's a run on the whole of the Western world's banking systems. It's a behind-the-scenes run, but it's a run nonetheless. And this is why you're seeing some extraordinary action by central banks, essentially because they are now the only people in the - around who are willing to fund or finance the banking sector.","If there's a loss of faith in leadership in the U. S.  and Europe, where do you look for world financial leadership now?","Well, I think the interesting thing is, the normal thing - place you would look would be to the finance ministers and the central bank governors of the world and seek to see whether they can come up with some sort of plan or some sort of coordinated action. Everyone is gathering together later this week in Washington on Friday and at the weekend.","And so this is a real test. I don't think they necessarily want it to be a test, but I'm sure it will be seen as a test to see whether the authorities can do more than look at how to stop this happening again in the long term, which is one of things, actually, they were intending the meeting to be about, but actually to try and stop the panic."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is a sense of panic in the financial system and central banks are the only ones willing to finance the banking sector.","questions":"How are central banks involved in the financial system during the crisis?","answer":"Finance"}
{"text":["Inside the box is a hand mirror, which is made not from glass but of pumiced metal. It has a wooden handle decorated with gold. The Egyptians weren't alone. Through the ages, women have had their cosmetics and must-haves. Curator Jane Adlin said the French called their ornate cosmetic boxes necessaires.","You would find tiny little perfume flasks, combs, nail files, tiny scissors. These are clearly meant for the luxury market and were pieces that could have been owned by Madame de Pompadour or royalty, and were carried by their maids and brought out when the madam would ask for a comb or whatever.","Finally, someone placed the box on a table and drew up a chair.","When portables and tables come together and become the dressing table - and that's sort of late 1700s. And by the mid-1800s, the dressing table has become this sort of extraordinary furniture piece of the beginning of the era of the dressing table."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : implies that the box was placed in a specific location in preparation for someone to use it, rather than just setting it down on a table.","questions":"How was the box placed on the table?","answer":"Placed"}
{"text":["We argued that six months was way, way too short. You're talking about trying to go into archives, documents, find materials. Unfortunately, this was what was included in the legislation. And we've urged the Polish government to open that deadline - indeed, to open the program to people who never filed claims or for whom no claim - buildings for which no claims were filed.","But the Polish government didn't agree.","Unfortunately not. We're hoping that the Polish government will look again at this issue and make this process easier not only in terms of the deadline but also what documentation is required. Make sure that archives are open and material is accessible because if you have a right and legislation but not the means to enforce it - and particularly for many of the Holocaust survivors and their families, virtually all of whom live outside of Poland, it's very difficult. They don't speak the language. They don't live in the country. To address even the administrative issues is extremely difficult.","And what makes this important, so many years after the terrible events we're talking about - after the crimes we're talking about?","We're facing a situation where, in the next few years, we will be living in a world where there won't be Holocaust survivors. It's a population, obviously, that's very elderly, very sick and passing away very rapidly. So we think it's a matter of justice and morality to address and to conclude this issue before that last of that generation disappears."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 :  We're facing a situation where, in the next few years, we will be living in a world where there won't be Holocaust survivors. It's a population, obviously, that's very elderly, very sick, and passing away very rapidly. So we think it's a matter of justice and morality to address and to conclude this issue before that last of that generation disappears.  The implied meaning of A's statement is that they highlight the imminent loss of Holocaust survivors in the coming years. They emphasize the elderly, sickly condition of the survivors and the rapid rate at which they are passing away. A asserts that addressing and resolving the issue at hand is a matter of justice and morality, particularly before the last survivors of that generation are no longer alive.","questions":"What is the issue that PersonA believes is a matter of justice and morality?","answer":"Justice"}
{"text":["Well, this is really interesting. They say they've found evidence that the Sacklers were trying to conceal their wealth in order to avoid paying an appropriate settlement. This is something we've heard even from sources who support the deal on the table, the idea that the Sacklers have worked strategically over the years to drain money out of Purdue Pharma and position those assets all over the world to make them harder to seize. In a statement, Letitia James accused the Sacklers of lowballing victims to skirt a responsible settlement while trying to shield their financial misconduct.","The Sacklers say James and other attorneys general are on a fishing expedition with these suits. They've countersued to squash the investigation. And they also say they're making a good-faith effort now to settle all these lawsuits.","Brian, you cover opioid litigation for NPR. More than 218,000 Americans have died from prescription opioid overdoses. What do you see as the likelihood of communities and families actually getting money or some kind of compensation?","Yeah. I think it's unlikely that it will happen anytime soon, Scott. The legal fight is happening on a lot of fronts right now, so that's going to slow things down. Ohio - just let me give you one example. They've already received tens of millions of dollars in compensation from other drug companies that sold opioid medications and settlements. But because of a legal fight there, none of that money can be spent helping people. It's just sitting in a bank account. And as the money amounts grow here, up into the billions now, the legal fight over who gets all of this cash will likely grow, too."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They say the attorneys general is looking for information and they want to put a stop to it.","questions":"Which group is accusing attorneys general of going on a fishing expedition?","answer":"Sacklers"}
{"text":["There was a point at which radiation was all the rage for everything.","It was. And it wasn't that long ago. In the early 1900s, Marie Curie had discovered radium. Everybody thought it was the biggest and best thing. So they put it into water, so people would drink radioactive water. It was a treatment called Radithor that was sold all over the place. People could buy their own crocks that were impregnated with radioactive compounds so that when you put water in it, you could drink your own radioactive water at home.","What were they trying to cure?","They thought that it would make them young again and give them youthful vigor. People would take it for aching joints, restoring ill health. I mean, it was all these vague complaints and problems.","The cures didn't really take, right?","Well, no. It didn't help at all because you can't actually use radium to cure hypertension or diabetes or rheumatism. What happens is when you ingest radium like that, unfortunately, one of the places that the body likes to take up that element is in the bones. And so people would get bone cancers, and they would get anemias. And it was pretty deadly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People in the past used to consume radioactive water as a cure for various health problems, but it turned out to be fatal.","questions":"What was the treatment called?","answer":"Radithor"}
{"text":["Yes.",". . . And that makes the process here entirely unconstitutional. So due process rights are an important part of our Constitution, and they apply to any one of us who's in the middle of a criminal proceeding, for example. But this is different. We're not in a grand jury. The president's not about to be indicted, at least not anytime soon. The process that is underway is the very early steps - what the House has chosen to call an inquiry into whether or not there should be a more formal move to impeach the president.","Although, I mean, if Pat Cipollone were here, he would argue, A, President Trump is an American. He is entitled to the same rights as any American citizen. I'm reading from Page 1 (reading) therefore he has - he enjoys the basic rights guaranteed to all Americans, which would include due process under the Constitution.","Well, the Constitution doesn't say that either, OK?What the Constitution says specifically with respect to impeachment, it says that the House of Representatives - and I'm shortening the sentence - the House of Representatives shall have the sole power of impeachment - period. There's a period at the end of that. And there's no sentence following in that. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The house of representatives has absolute power of impeachment and there is no way to argue the point.","questions":"Which body has the sole power of impeachment?","answer":"Representatives"}
{"text":["But the important part for the corals is that these things are wonderful eating machines. They move slowly across the reef. They actually invert their stomach onto the corals and dissolve the coral tissue, you know, digesting it as they go. And they leave (technical difficulties) white behind them as they move forward.","So they're like little bulldozers.","Yeah, it's sort of like bulldozers. It's almost more like having a wave of people with flamethrowers going through the brush. You know, the coral physically is left behind, but it's all dead.","Do they have any natural enemies that might, you know, come out and eat them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Bulldozer implies being tireless and can consume or finish anything set out ","questions":"What does the term \"bulldozer\" imply about the sea creatures?","answer":"clearing"}
{"text":["Men are more likely to use alone; women more likely to use with a partner. When you use alone and fentanyl is present - since it kills people so quickly - it can stop breathing in less than a minute - it's very dangerous when you're alone.","So if you're with someone else, at least there's the chance that someone might call 911.","Or use Narcan, or naloxone, the drug that reverses the opioid - the overdose themselves, yes.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Men are more likely to engage in dangerous drug use without help from another person.","questions":"Which gender is more susceptible to dangerous drug use without assistance?","answer":"Men"}
{"text":["Adventure on the high seas is a concept that has captured our imagination - stepping onto a ship, waving goodbye to your friends, family, land and sailing off toward the horizon. But once a ship leaves its shore, it's also sailing beyond the reach of law and order. Piracy, murder, exploitation, sea slavery, gun running, intentional dumping - the criminal activity off shore is so extensive and so diverse that investigative reporter Ian Urbina continued reporting after his 2015 multipart series for The New York Times. All that reporting is contained now in his new book called \"The Outlaw Ocean. \"And he joins me now. Welcome.","Thanks for having me.","And we should remind people that we are deeply dependent on the ocean, both in and of itself, of course, and also as a means of how we get things and what we consume.","Yeah. Ninety percent of what we consume from iPhones to running shoes comes across the sea on cargo vessels, and 50% of the oxygen we breathe is produced by the oceans. And seafood is a massively expanding source of protein for much of the planet. The oceans are the temperature stabilizer for countering climate change's effect. So in all these ways, it's a pretty essential part of the planet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : To consume from iPhones and running shoes meaning that people buy phones and shoes rather than eat them.","questions":"Which two items are mentioned as examples of things that are consumed that come across the sea on cargo vessels?","answer":"iPhones"}
{"text":["So what do these numbers here in Southern California, what does that mean for the rest of the country?","You know the other kind of metro coastal areas are following a pretty similar pattern. But you know places like Charlotte, North Carolina haven't - places that haven't had the kind of run up that we had in the hot spots probably aren't seeing as large declines because they don't have this part of fall. But the real sort of disaster areas are California and Nevada, Arizona, Florida. You know, New York City has had great appreciation and hasn't seen the large declines now. So that sort of the one the economists are watching next to see, you know, if New York's bubble is - which is sort of been slowly deflating is really going to have a big burst at some point.","Foreclosure seems to be playing a big role in all of this. A new study came out yesterday from the company Realty Track showing that across the country fewer Americans are thinking about buying a foreclosed home. So what might be the effect of this?","Here in southern California people are buying foreclosed homes, especially ones that are sort of decent quality.","I understand that you are currently speaking to us from a home that was foreclosed on. Can you tell us a little about your situation there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The economists are watching New York City next to see if its bubble will burst.","questions":"Which city are the economists watching to see if its bubble will burst?","answer":"New-York"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me.","What new details did we learn with this filing?","So the new filing focuses on five extramarital affairs that Duncan Hunter had when he was in Congress, the first one starting just four months after he was elected and took office in April 2009. So he took office in January.","The longest feature in the filing is about an individual identified as Individual 14, who was a lobbyist. And they spent campaign money on things like a ski trip together, a thousand-dollar hotel tab. They went to concerts together. And they also went on a double date with another congressperson to Virginia Beach, but that congressperson has not been identified."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Duncan Hunter had extramarital affairs while serving in Congress","questions":"Which congressman was involved in a double date with Duncan Hunter and Individual 14?","answer":"Unidentified"}
{"text":["Well, it just occurred to me in the last few months that what I do is almost like a drug for me. If it's not there on some nights when my instrument is not working correctly like I want it to, or the sound isn't right, or the audience is heckling me, or somebody's not happy, it's almost like I'm not getting that fix that I need. And it is kind of the biggest drug in my life is taking music to people, in a way.","So, Lalah, you have a bunch of different sounds on this CD, and let's talk a little bit about the song, \"One Mile\" which has a little bit more of a hip-hop, R&B edge.","(Singing) Bring me all around the world, Tell me I'm the only one. I believe you love me so, Wondered how you let me down. Tricky how you said the words, Didn't even feel disturbed. You're my one and only girl, Those are only words I heard.","So, when you think about the story telling, and this sound, how do you cross-pollinate them when you put together something like this song?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : cross-pollinate implies to understand and digest things","questions":"Which term used by \"B\" suggests the process of comprehending and internalizing different elements while putting together a song?","answer":"Comprehend"}
{"text":["(Laughing) You would think, but its this weird sort of a - the more I get to know them, the more they become different objects with such different ingredients that I love them more with each passing day.","(Laughing) So I have a burrito specimen here with me in the studio. And I'm going to unwrap. . .","Is it in wax paper or tinfoil?","It is in both tinfoil and wax paper."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implied meaning is that the more A learns about the people they are close to, the more they appreciate them and form a stronger bond.","questions":"How does PersonA's relationship with the people they are close to evolve over time?","answer":"Evolve"}
{"text":["This is News & Notes. I'm Farai Chideya. In 1944, an Italian prisoner of war was lynched in a riot. It took place at Fort Lawton in Seattle, Washington. Forty-three black soldiers were charged in the incident; 28 of them were convicted. More than 60 years later, the Army Board of Correction overturned the convictions. The military found major issues with the soldiers' court martial. Joining us today is Howard Cooley. He's an attorney with the law firm Patrick Henry. The firm represented the family of Booker Townsell, one of the soldiers charged in the case. Thank you for joining me.","Thank you, and thank you for having me.","So tell us about Booker Townsell. Who was he, and what had he been through before and after the court martial?","He was a young man who was drafted in World War II, like so many other people. Seems to have had a - not a - nothing remarkable about his background, from what I'm able to understand. And - but he did become quite remarkable during World War II because he became a prisoner - he had to guard some prisoners of war, some Italian prisoners of war. And the riot broke out and then he, as a result of that, he was convicted, he was dismissed from the service with adverse honors."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"lynched in a riot\" - the word \"lynched\" typically means an extrajudicial killing, but in this case, it refers to the death of an Italian prisoner of war during a riot.","questions":"What happened to the Italian prisoner of war during the riot?","answer":"Died"}
{"text":["I think both can be true. I think - look. It's outrageous that there's an invoice. But it's not new. The invoice was not given lately. It was given to Special Representative Yun when he went to North Korea to collect Otto Warmbier. And at that point, when you're giving that invoice, you sign, and you leave. So it's not new. That's one. Second, it's not unique, either. When. . .","It's not unique to negotiations with North Korea or. . .","Correct - North Korea specifically.","North Korea specifically has a habit of this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Invoice for collecting Otto Warmbier is not unique to negotiations with North Korea.","questions":"How was the invoice related to North Korea negotiations?","answer":"Related"}
{"text":["The president is given to hyperbole. That's an understatement, or perhaps it's a euphemism. But, no, this shutdown cannot last for months or years because that would disrupt far, far more than we've seen so far - not only national parks or federal paychecks but food stamps, which 38 million Americans depend on, and the IRS. Think tax advice at this time of year and tax refunds, Scott. Tens of millions of Americans count on that tax refund check, and they will not want to wait for it for months or years.","What do you see that might be utterly distinct about this particular shutdown, given it's almost become a way of life in the Capitol?","There's some of the usual posturing to be sure. But it's also unlike previous shutdowns in that both sides seem to be content with the politics of a stalemate. Usually, at least one side seems highly eager to get on with the courtship. But here, we have both playing hard to get. So the longest shutdown was three weeks back in the mid-1990s during the Clinton administration, the speakership of Newt Gingrich. By next weekend, we may have broken that record.","Let's talk about the new Congress. Nancy Pelosi - once again speaker. But the difference in appearance between the two sides in that chamber is dramatic."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The president's words are exaggerated and they are not meant to be taken literally.","questions":"Which agency's services will be affected by the shutdown, according to the speaker in turn 0?","answer":"IRS"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . Or if you're sad about the way it ended but also want to be outside at the same time, not in front of a TV, this is the perfect time to pick up \"Wolf Hall. \"Now, I know. . .","A throwback.",". . . That sounds a little crazy. But - it's a throwback, but remember, the third one is coming out in 2020, in March of 2020. They just announced it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's implying that it resembles something old that was discarded and now returned.","questions":"How does turn 2 describe the book \"Wolf Hall\"?","answer":"Throwback"}
{"text":["He hasn't always fallen right in line with Trump by any means. He hasn't always fallen right in line with Trump by any means. He's been critical of Putin over some gas projects that he's been involved in. He's been critical of Putin over some gas projects that he's been involved in. But generally, he has held the Trump line. But generally, he has held the Trump line. So I think this is going to be interesting to go in. So I think this is going to be interesting to go in. He did have that one key moment in the text chain where he came in and clearly stated this was not quid pro quo but then suggested they get offline. He did have that one key moment in the text chain where he came in and clearly stated this was not quid pro quo but then suggested they get offline. So. . . So. . .","Right. Right.","So we'll see what happens once he jumps in there. So we'll see what happens once he jumps in there.","Are people following this in Portland?Are people following this in Portland?I mean, how are they reacting?I mean, how are they reacting?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"once he jumps in there\" implies once he gets involved.","questions":"How will he be involved?","answer":"Involved"}
{"text":["Well, there's no doubt about that. So the near-Earth asteroids number about 500,000, but we only know of 9,000. And the reason that they're so interesting, Ira, is because they are actually energetically easier to reach than the surface of the moon. So we've been to the moon many times, and the moon is a great place, which is very worthy of our exploration. But just to give you an idea of how close some of the asteroids are, they're easier to reach than our own moon.","Yeah.","So they're not way out there in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. These are. . .","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn \"Yeah\" in this context implies agreement with the previous statement, understanding, and interest in the topic, which is different from its literal meaning.","questions":"Which word does \"Yeah\" imply in this context?","answer":"Agreement"}
{"text":["Jon Foley, director of the Institute on the Environment at the University of Minnesota. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And this email from Mark in Burnsville, Minnesota: Is there a middle ground?Either you believe in evidence-based science or you don't. Some people seem unwilling or unable to accept facts that confront their belief systems and would rather live in a world that matches their internal security beliefs than deal with reality.","And I don't think, Jon Foley, you disagree with him on the science, but you disagree with him on the approach.","Well, I absolutely agree with him on evidence-based reality. I absolutely cannot - we - and never should have concede that. I'm a scientist, and I absolutely support the, you know, evidence-based view. That is one place where I will not back down on an issue at all. But I think it's really more of what we do about it and how we frame these conversations. So, you know, I will always stand by the idea that, yes, climate is changing. We are the cause of this. That is what the science is saying. That is absolutely true. We're not backing down from that at all."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Some people prioritize their internal beliefs over scientific facts","questions":"Which email from a PersonB did Mark mention during the conversation?","answer":"Mark"}
{"text":["At dusk tonight - the Belmont stakes, and an engaging chestnut named California Chrome has a chance to be the first horse to win the Triple Crown - a sweep of all three of the major thoroughbred races since 1978. We're honored now to be joined by Laura Hillenbrand. She's a horse rider by trade, of course she's author of the perpetual best-selling \"Seabiscuit. \"Laura, thanks so much for being with us.","I'm so happy to be here Scott.","What is there about the Belmont stakes that frustrates so many great four-legged athletes who've already won two big races?","They call it the test of their champion for a reason. It is a tricky race. It's run around the biggest track in the country so strategy is different. You have to move a different place. It's a race that requires a lot of the jockey.","The thing that makes it the hardest in terms of sweeping the whole Triple Crown is the horse that gets there with a chance to win it as California Chrome has. They've already competed in the Derby and the Preakness, which are two incredibly difficult races. And now, in the span of five weeks, they have to try the third one. And it's the hardest one of all, the longest one of all. It's really asking a huge amount of them. And that's why, in my whole racing fan life, I have never seen a horse sweep the Triple Crown. I've seen 12 horses go to the Belmont with a chance to win it, and all of them have failed.","California Chrome is called the people's horse, kind of like Seabiscuit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"It's really asking a huge amount of them\" - This indicates that the race requires a significant physical and mental effort from the horses, rather than simply making a request or demanding something from them.","questions":"Which race requires a lot of the jockey?","answer":"Belmont"}
{"text":["What changed your mind because you did start college for a while?","Well, ever heard of the Three Cs?Civilian Conservation Corps, that was started by Franklin Delano Roosevelt, at that time the president of the United States. And he started that program to get young boys like me off the street and try to put them in places where they could learn a trade. And I joined that, and that's when I started to learn about gasoline engine, diesel engines and heavy equipment.","That probably served you pretty well when you went into the military. How did you get into the military and what did you do once you went in?","After I left the CCC camp, I went to the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth, Virginia. That's where I learned to run engine lathe and I made part for ships. And I wanted to volunteer for the Army, but I was drafted. And drafted and was sent to Camp Ellis, Illinois where I take my basic training and went to - overseas in a quartermaster service company in Germany, first France."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"And he started that program to get young boys like me off the street and try to put them in places where they could learn a trade.\" - The phrase \"off the street\" does not refer to a literal street, but rather means to get young people away from a life of idleness and potential trouble.","questions":"Which program was started to get young boys off the street and teach them a trade?","answer":"CCC"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. But you see what I mean?Because it is about perception and how we need to be - to understand what we're seeing before we can really see it, that's really key to understanding this whole issue of climate change and why we see or don't see what's right in front of us.","What drew you to monarchs in the first place?","I had really wanted to write about the subject for a long time. I live in southern Appalachia. I am surrounded by neighbors and friends - people I respect very much - who don't really understand climate change or believe in it, even though, as farmers, they're getting socked by it. We've had unprecedented, disastrous weather time and again. So it's such a strange contradiction that the people in our continent who are first to feel the harm of a changing climate are the last to be able to talk about it.","That was such a conundrum and such rich territory for a novel to tread, that I was just looking for the right way to get into the subject. And one morning, I just woke up with this vision in my eyes of millions of butterflies covering the forest behind my house. I just - I mean, I didn't actually see it. I imagined it. I woke up and there it was, and I knew that was it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Farmers who are most affected by climate change are the least likely to believe in it","questions":"What is the key to understanding the whole issue of climate change according to A?","answer":"Believe"}
{"text":["The tragedy in Burma is it's just hard for us to comprehend. It is true that the current projections are that the numbers will rise significantly. I've heard numbers as high as 50,000 people being killed. So it's something that just automatically pulls at the heartstrings.","And you know, Farai, scientists have discovered that human beings are actually wired to be altruistic, so it's a part of our DNA. It's natural for us to want to give. We see a crisis, we want to give. And so I think it's really important to acknowledge that, and to really encourage people to give. It can. The giving, overwhelming giving for a major public emergency like this can have a negative impact on other parts of the world. We've seen it in the past.","For example, when the tsunami hit Asia, several years ago, where a quarter of a million people lost their lives, you saw relief and development organizations flooded with donations. OxFam UK, at a certain point, actually had to refuse donations because they no longer had the capacity to actually program funds. So what I would actually advocate for those that are really interested in making contributions, is to give responsibly. To really look at those organizations that you are interested in making a contribution to, and making your donation in flexible kinds of ways. . .","So, for general support as opposed to necessarily for one thing."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Donating responsibly and researching the organizations one is donating to is important in ensuring that the funds are used effectively.","questions":"Which action promotes effective use of funds when making donations?","answer":"Research"}
{"text":["I think not quite yet. I mean, there are often these apologies that are issued and I think President Wagner is quite genuine in his apology. And at the same time, the question becomes how do we as a community at Emory understand how we are to move forward as an institution?","Feels like the kind of moment that will be a touchstone for a long time to come.","I hope in a positive way. I think it's opened up some conversations that we've needed to have.","Leslie Harris is an associate professor of history in African-American studies at Emory University in Atlanta. Professor Harris, thank you very much for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : By being a touchstone it means it will be a strong stable moment that will evoke emotion.","questions":"Which word describes the kind of moment that PersonB thinks the situation at Emory University will be?","answer":"Strong"}
{"text":["Quite a bit. They know nothing is going to happen unless Washington can help some way. That's why they want to hear the president come here and talk about people like them. And I guess I want to make it clear that nobody really wants a handout here. That's not what this is about. Nobody wants the president to come in and somehow bail out Elkhart. What we want is a chance to get back to work.","So, what is the big industry there?I've read that RVs are a big industry.","This place is commonly referred to as the RV capital of the world and, they build RVs; they build trailers; they build auto parts here. Basically, this is a place that makes stuff, and we can make virtually anything. And if this economy does shift to a green economy, if we start developing green energy sources, we can make the parts necessary to make that happen.","So, if you have a 60,000 population there and 16,000 people are out of work, that's nearly a third.","Mm-hmm. The county is bigger than 60,000, of course, and the county is. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People want to work hard for things. ","questions":"What is the main idea of turn 0?","answer":"Work"}
{"text":["Good morning. You've talked to some serious names in this investigation - Carter Page, Trump's former foreign policy adviser. You've talked to a woman who was Paul Manafort's travel partner to the Ukraine. I'm curious, just on a professional level, how did you get the access?","Variety of ways - a little bit of trading information, a little bit of looking up emails and cold calling people and just - I don't know - general doggedness, I guess.","Yeah. What is the conversation like?Hi, I'm Jeff Jetton, reporter from Toki Underground ramen shop?","I don't really describe myself. I don't have a - I don't label myself really. I've done some interviewing in the past and just, you know, strike up a general conversation with people usually in sort of a casual environment. And for some reason, usually, people will talk to me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Hi, I'm Jeff Jetton, reporter from Toki Underground ramen shop?\" has a figurative meaning as it is a humorous and self-deprecating way of asking how the interviewer approaches sources and gets access to information. It is not a literal statement of the interviewer's identity or profession.","questions":"Which statement in the dialogue has a figurative meaning?","answer":"turn3"}
{"text":["Yeah?",". . . Is this important, really, at the end of the day?Or is this all a distraction?","Well, in a lot of ways, this is a distraction from the larger issue, which is the Russia investigation and the concern that Russia's been influencing our elections, right?But in the one side, who was involved or who did what with whom?The real problem is that Russia is attacking our body politics. And we have to come together as Republicans, Democrats and really fight back against that problem because we've got by-elections coming up here in 2018.","Jamil Jaffer is the founder of the National Security Institute. Thank you very much for joining us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The identity of the person involved in the Russia investigation is less important than the fact that Russia is attacking the body politics and needs to be fought against.","questions":"What is the larger issue beyond the identity of the person involved in the Russia investigation that needs to be fought against?","answer":"Attacking"}
{"text":["Right, I mean, this is going to be the very difficult point that they're going to have to get together with his younger brother and figure that out. I mean, this looks much more like it's going to be something about Islamic radicalization, as opposed to Chechen - sort of nationalism.","And I think when this first happened, we've never had Chechens do this in this country, so everybody assumes it has to do with that. What will be interesting is to see if he was radicalized on the Internet, if he was radicalized during trips to Russia - the older brother did travel to Russia reasonably often; the younger brother didn't - and how that evolution came about.","We will want to know if there were contacts there. The Russians - have they been helpful, in the past?Are they likely to be helpful, in this case?","It's unclear. I would suspect that they're likely to be helpful in this case because they've been making a case that Chechens are very dangerous, and that's why they do what they do in Chechnya. But it's. . .","Which is a very hard line of - some would say brutal repression."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The Russian's stance on Chechen terrorism is perceived as brutal repression","questions":"What is the perception of the Russian's approach towards Chechen terrorism?","answer":"good"}
{"text":["We were sure supposed to. Somewhere along the line things, sort of, broke down and it's obviously disturbing that we haven't come as far as we thought in that time.","As you looked at what happened before the attack in Benghazi, what do you think are the important lessons to be taken away there?","You know, I think that right now it's hard to tell what the lessons are because there's no clear chain of accountability or decision making. The first question you ask yourself is who is in charge of this thing?You had a mission - a State Department mission on the ground.","Theoretically everyone in that mission, including that special operations team that supposedly could've reacted to this thing was working for the head of mission, which in this case was a deputy chief of mission since the ambassador was the individual involved. And it's unclear to me even at this point if he had the authority to launch that special operations team or whether someone outside that chain of command and Department of Defense or Southern Command, or pardon me, in Special Operations Command, you know, overruled that. And it's never become obvious to me what that chain of command was. And it seemed to me that would be one of the first questions the congressional people are asking - doing the inquiries should've been asking."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The line did not break but somewhere in time things got worse.","questions":"How did things go wrong?","answer":"Breakdown"}
{"text":["What is the biggest need right now?I mean, where are these people going and, specifically, children who may have lost family members?","Yeah. Well, the biggest need in general is everything. They need food, shelter, jerrycans for clean water. You need water trucks with clean water to go there. Imagine that a flooding contaminates everything. That is why diseases are bound to break out. And it's already happening. There is cases of cholera mentioned or reported in Beira.","There is a system where children - where parents can fill in the name of their children that they are missing. And then, you know, that is accessible for aid organizations. And the aid organizations in the field will look for those children and try to get parents and children back together again. If that doesn't happen, children will go into the governmental care while the aid organizations keep looking for relatives where they can live with.","And I understand that even though the floodwaters are now receding, there is a chance for secondary floods. How is the community preparing for that?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Diseases are not breaking out but might begin to happen due to the situation.","questions":"Which possibility may arise due to the situation?","answer":"Cholera"}
{"text":["This is an exceptional decree. It's - it is - if you look at it for face value, it is wholly undemocratic. But they say this is the only way to cut out institutions that are undermining us and get to a point of political stability because every time we take one step forward, it's 10 steps back with this court.","There is a - after so long under dictatorship, and it was certainly not just Mr.  Mubarak but his predecessors all the way back through Nasser and before it had a king and, well, effective British rule before that, there's been one person in charge of Egypt for a very long time.","Yes. And, you know, people wanted that to change. And one of the things we heard a lot of in Tahrir Square today is we didn't oust Mubarak to get an Islamist dictator - oust a secular dictator to get an Islamist dictator. And Morsi was elected, but the idea is to have a democratic process. One of the complaints also about the draft constitution is it gives too much power to the president. And now people are saying, we want to be represented; all of Egypt, not just the Muslim Brotherhood.","Is there any indication that at this point, the president and the Muslim Brotherhood will reconsider?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The decree does not have an actual monetary value, at face value means without looking into it more. ","questions":"Which word describes the decree if you look at it for face value?","answer":"Exceptional"}
{"text":["I think that - you know I think that there a lot of lower pay guys who are, you know, for contracts who are taking - because in other words, you're getting it from somewhere, and this - the money that they're getting paid now is coming from last year. You know, that's what baseball does. I think we will see, next year, we'll begin to see the push back in terms of the long-term contracts, which contracts are taking a hit. But right now, as long as television is there and fans are, you know\u2026","Well, yeah, but are the fans going to be there?Because I'm hearing that the NFL, NBA, major league baseball fans, they're worried that - the clubs are worried because people - season ticket holders who keep thing - whole thing going they may not be re-upping the way they've been in the past.","And that's when you will see - you will see the effect of that next year. You know, right now, baseball is still going on in terms of the salaries. They're going on last year's income, which was record-setting. Now, if they've got a downturn at the turnstile, you were going to see it next year. This time next year, we could be talking about some serious, you know, shrinking, withdrawals, you know, there could be a couple of teams that aren't cutting it. And I'm talking about\u2026","That was danger."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : If they began to lose money steadily then they would change their pay.","questions":"How would the clubs change their pay if they began to lose money steadily?","answer":"Change"}
{"text":["Well, Super Tuesday was not necessarily designed to be the end. It was designed to give some states that had been itching to get into the early part of the calendar an opportunity to do so - and many took - the opportunity to do so.","It began back 20 years ago when some Southern states felt like they weren't getting enough of a say in the nominee. And so, round about 1984, they started all having their primaries together. That just grew and grew. Until now, we've got 22 states on the Democratic side, 21 states on the Republican side - all doing it on the same day.","And, you know, it's getting down to a question of not just who's won how many states, because states after all is not how we do this at the convention. We do it by delegates. And so, of course, the focus is on California, New York, Illinois, Georgia - the big ones voting tomorrow. But all those states have delegates, and all the states give each candidate an opportunity to add to their delegate total. And that's in the end the math that really matters.","All right. Let's go to Republican math. Senator John McCain is leading in most national polls over Mitt Romney. What about surprises?Do we expect any surprises either in terms of the popular vote or the delegates that - will shake out tomorrow for the Republicans?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of this statement is that the focus is not only on the states, but also on the number of delegates that the candidates can gain from those states.","questions":"What is the ultimate deciding factor for the candidates at the convention?","answer":"delegates"}
{"text":["So the parents as well as one coach have agreed to plead guilty in connection with this scheme. And according to one of the plea agreements at least, they may serve a few months in jail as well as paying fines and restitution. And Felicity Huffman, the actress, as you heard, is one of the more high-profile people accused. But others, including Lori Loughlin, another actress from the TV show \"Full House,\" is among those originally accused who is continuing to fight the charges.","What are we hearing from the parents?","Well, two of those who plead - pled guilty today issued very contrite statements. Huffman's statement reportedly said, I am in full acceptance of my guilt - deep regret and shame. And she also reiterated that her daughter had no idea.","This story has gotten so much attention, and it seems to have really resonated with students and parents. Why do you think it has had such a big impact?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Big drug companies are not interested in developing therapies for addiction because they don't see drug addicts as a profitable investment.","questions":"What did Felicity Huffman reportedly say in her statement?","answer":"N\/A"}
{"text":["And actually, when I used to go home at about midday to sleep, everyone was in work still, so it was very quiet. So I liked the fact that I was almost like a bat - you know, vampire bat - coming out purely at night and disappearing when the sun came up.","One of the important qualities in baking that you talk about in this book is the importance of touch.","Yeah. Yeah, absolutely. I mean, in this world of health and safety, I remember - there's a lot of, you know, they try and encourage the bakers to wear gloves - rubber gloves when you're kneading bread. I mean, what?","I mean, this is one of the oldest traditions in the world. And to get bakers to wrap up their hands so they can't feel the dough - it's that touch, which you cannot teach - it's something you have to practice, practice, practice and get used to. And once you have that touch, you can make anything because it's all about consistency - baking - whether it's consistency in a sponge, in a great pastry or, indeed, a good bread."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is emphasizing the importance of developing a skillful touch when baking, which can only be achieved through consistent practice.","questions":"What quality is emphasized by the speaker for baking?","answer":"Touch"}
{"text":["Hopeful or not, I think the obvious answer is yes, I am a student of Zimbabwe, I am still very hopeful. But we are calling on President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa always been mandated by SADC to meet it in the Zimbabwe crisis, to look seriously in (unintelligible) and move away from this quiet diplomats which is not producing the desired result, and probably as the AU summit sits on Saturday with eight African leaders to take a position on Zimbabwe. The deployment of a peacekeeping mission is now long overdue. The people of Zimbabwe have suffered enough.","Clever, I want to thank you so much for talking with us.","You are welcome. Thank you very much.","Clever Bere is president of Zimbabwe's National Student Union. He spoke with us from Harare, Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Simultaneous use of soft-laser for exposure to the cochlea and administration of Ginkgo biloba extract for 4 weeks on a 20-50% of patients has been reported to be useful. Soft-laser mechanism of action is unknown, but it has been proved that light leads to athermic stimulation of biochemical processes","questions":"How long is the administration of Ginkgo biloba extract in the reported treatment?","answer":"4"}
{"text":["Just tell me what a typical day has been like camped out there on the tracks.","Well, it's hot. It's been pretty hot out here. And then you got your rain. It's hot and wet, you know, kind of sticky. But we're coal miners - we're used to rough conditions and climates and water and all that stuff, you know.","Have local people in town been bringing you food?Have you been cooking out over an open fire?What's it been?","Yeah it's been - cooking out on a camp grill. People out of state's been calling in pizzas to the local Pizza Hut. And we've been supported well."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Supported well implies that they have been eating good and surviving","questions":"How have the protestors been sustaining themselves?","answer":"pizzas"}
{"text":["I have no idea where my sister is. I heard my aunt was released from the distant relatives, but I have no information on my sister.","So do you have any sense of what their lives have been like in these camps that they were sent to?Do you know for sure that they were sent to camps?","I assume that they are in the camps because I hear many people - such as my sister, they are just disappearing. I don't know what kind of condition that my sister is being held. But I know the conditions of the camps. We have been talking to former detainees who's been released from these camps. People there facing forced indoctrinations, mental and physical abuses, forced to take unknown medicines, food and the sleep deprivations. The conditions are extremely bad.","I mean, it's not only the people who are in these camps whose lives have been affected by this crackdown by the Chinese government. It's also the lives of people who are just living in Xinjiang. Can you describe what daily life is like for them?","The people in the entire region is facing Orwellian-style-like police state. They are being monitored 24 hours a day. There are news reports that 1. 1 million Chinese cadres deployed to the Uighur homes to live with.","Officials who are just sitting there in the homes. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The entire region is under heavy surveillance by the Chinese government","questions":"What is the situation in the entire region?","answer":"Surveillance"}
{"text":["And if these valleys are so remote, how did these civilizations develop in this unforgiving area?","Well, that's the thing. We're only now starting to realize that this so-called virgin or impenetrable jungle in prehistoric times was anything but. It was very heavily settled. There were many thousands of people living in these areas, and it wasn't virgin jungle. It was more like a tended garden. They cleared huge areas for farming. They terraced. They built irrigation canals. They built roads. They built enormous pyramids and structures.","And the idea that the rainforest of Central and South America - the soils were too poor to support major agriculture and large populations turns out to be a false idea. In fact, even in Amazonia, they're now realizing that these supposedly impenetrable jungles in Amazonia were, in fact, heavily settled by people in prehistoric times.","And they are remote today, but not too remote to be of interest to loggers."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The jungle was not virgin but was heavily settled.","questions":"How was the jungle in prehistoric times?","answer":"settled"}
{"text":["And so the - now we know as a result, I think, of Mueller's diligence and quiet pursuit of just the facts that there were more than 80 contacts between members of the Trump campaign and Russian agents. There were - there have been - developed more than 20 meetings between people in his orbit and Russian agents. His national security advisers pled guilty. His campaign chairman's on trial. His deputy campaign chairman's on trial. And yet he continues to call this a witch hunt. And, you know, I can't help but thinking that the hunters have caught some witches here.","And for you being a target of this investigation, what else are you waiting to find out from the investigation?","Well, I'd like to see the - you know, obviously, this is going to be a difficult case to bring to trial in the United States. These are 12 foreign agents, military intelligence agents who undertook this operation as laid out in great detail in the indictment. I'd like to see it brought to justice. I can't wait for President Trump to ask President Putin on Monday whether he'd agree to extradite them to face the bar of justice. And I'd like to be in the court if they were here. I'm not holding my breath either for the fact that Trump will do that or that Putin would agree. But, ultimately, you know, I don't think those agents would probably be vacationing in Western Europe, so. . .","John Podesta, thank you very much for joining us. He - John Podesta's the former chairman of Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign. Thanks much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"And yet he continues to call this a witch hunt. And, you know, I can't help but thinking that the hunters have caught some witches here.\" (The literal meaning of \"witch hunt\" refers to a search for people who are accused of witchcraft, but here it is being used figuratively to refer to the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 US presidential election.)","questions":"Which word is being used figuratively in turn 0 to refer to the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 US presidential election?","answer":"Barofjustice."}
{"text":["Perhaps the most interesting part of it is the number of loose ends that we have. On one hand, Secretary Pompeo said there was no doubt Iran was responsible for the whole thing. And he listed a whole series of things that he said Iran had been doing, one of which was apparently an unknown militia in Iraq and the other was action by the Taliban in Afghanistan.","So maybe Iran really was responsible for the attacks on the tankers. But I think the fact that Pompeo chose to blame them for absolutely everything that's going on in the region that we don't like is a pretty good indication that the United States really is on a kind of propaganda campaign against Iran. But that doesn't solve the problem.","I was going to ask about the Iran side of this. So just, you know, for the sake of argument, what would Iran's motive be - if these attacks detected - what would be their motive?","As I say, I'm not doubting too much that Iran had a hand in this thing. Their motive is I think quite clear. We are in the middle of a signaling process that is going on. The United States is actually cracking down on Iran so that, basically, Iran not only can't sell oil. It can't sell its refined products. And, increasingly, Iran's closed out of international markets for just about anything that they produce."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The US is blocking Iran's access to international markets.","questions":"How is Iran being affected by the US actions mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Blocked"}
{"text":["You bet.","OK. The rope broke in my hands.","The rope broke in my hands. I'm writing that down right now.","That's good to know I could be of some use. Dave LaBounty of \"The First Line. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker may be hinting at a hidden agenda. They may be suggesting that the people they are talking to are not being completely honest and may be hiding something. This could be in a business situation, where the speaker suspects that the other party is not giving them all the information they need to make an informed decision. It could also be in a personal or romantic situation, where the speaker is suggesting that the other person is not being completely honest.","questions":"How does the PersonA's turn in statement 0 potentially relate to a business or personal situation?","answer":"Hidden"}
{"text":["Yeah, of course. What really sealed the deal for me was when I had to pay $11. 25 to report each individual score to colleges on my list. And, of course, I believe, you know, there has to be a lot of money that goes into proctors, the readers for the essays, all that stuff. To just send scores?It doesn't cost $11 per score.","Of course, the College Board's a not-for-profit corporation.","Yeah. I mean, they pull in about $750 million-plus a year. In the last three years, there's been about a $60 million profit on average, and that's just insane.","Well, let me follow up on another part of your argument, Mr.  Tonelli. Do you think the costs of the tests deter students from applying to more than one college?And does it perhaps discourage poorer families?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B asks if the costs of the College Board tests deter students from applying to more than one college and if it discourages poorer families. The actual meaning here is that the high costs of the College Board tests may create barriers to higher education for students from low-income families, who may not be able to afford to take the tests multiple times or to send their scores to multiple colleges.","questions":"What is the implication of PersonB's question regarding the costs of College Board tests?","answer":"Affordability"}
{"text":["First week of the season, a young boy - he has the ball over his head. He's ready to make the throw-in. And a spectator on the sideline puts her hands on the child's shoulders, spins him around so he'd be redirecting the ball to a different player. So I blew my whistle. And I said - is this your child?And she said, no, this is not my child. So I explained to her, I said, you can never, ever, ever, ever touch a player.","So this was a cry for civility, not I'm sick and tired and can't take it anymore?","That's correct. This is a cry for civility. This is a plea for everyone to join me and everyone else who believes that we can have a fun, fair and safe experience in which sanity is expressed on the sideline.","Well, it sounds that you're complaining less that your feelings were hurt than the youngsters might be getting a very bad example of what it is to be an adult."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : so this was a cry for civility, not I'm sick and tired and can't take it anymore?","questions":"Which turn implies that the speaker may have been complaining about their feelings being hurt?","answer":"Feelings"}
{"text":["We're approaching the 16th anniversary of U. S.  troops serving in Afghanistan. It's been a little more than a month since President Trump announced a new strategy to send more U. S.  troops as advisers to the Afghan military as it tries to train its own soldiers. Our Pentagon correspondent Tom Bowman has been in and out of Afghanistan for the past decade. He's there again with U. S.  Marines checking out how things seem to be going. He joins us now from the Helmand Province. Tom, thanks so much for being with us.","You're welcome, Scott.","What have you noticed in your time with the Afghan troops?","Well, Scott, I was here last year with the U. S.  Army, and they were advising the Afghan army at a higher level. And now with the Marines here, about 300 Marines, they saw the need to help the Afghans down at a lower level, closer to the front lines. And they're actually going out to Afghan bases, something you didn't see the army do. The American soldiers pretty much stayed on their larger base talking with Afghan generals."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Well, Scott, I was here last year with the U.S. Army, and they were advising the Afghan army at a higher level. And now with the Marines here, about 300 Marines, they saw the need to help the Afghans down at a lower level, closer to the front lines. And they're actually going out to Afghan bases, something you didn't see the army do. The American soldiers pretty much stayed on their larger base talking with Afghan generals.\"  In this turn, the actual implied meaning is that the Marines are actively engaging with and providing assistance to the Afghan troops at a more localized and frontline level. This is in contrast to the U.S. Army, who mainly interacted with Afghan generals from their larger base. The implied meaning is not simply about physical proximity or location but about the level of engagement and support provided by the Marines.","questions":"Which military branch is providing more localized and frontline assistance to the Afghan troops?","answer":"Marines"}
{"text":["Well, I got to, or. . .","Or I'm doomed. I do think it is a good time for independent artists, period. And I feel like soul music in this country really has told the story of black Americans in this country, and right now the field is kind of narrow. So, from city to city, you go and you listen to the radio, and you try to find soul music on the radio, you're either listening to hip-hop, or you're listening to oldies and dusties and R&B.","So, there's a whole big huge chasm which some of us live in part of the time at least, where where's this music?Where is the new soul music?Where are the people that are writing the classics that are going to be around in 20 years, and 30 years, and 40 years?","Well, in addition to your own songs, you have sung other folks' work. And in 2004, you sang on a tribute album for Luther Vandross. Here's a little bit of \"Forever, For Always, For Love. \""],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Soul music by independent artists is scarce and difficult to find on the radio.","questions":"What type of music is difficult to find on the radio?","answer":"Soul"}
{"text":["So, you know, it was a very, very gutsy move because he and I, we didn't have a quarter. And I'm sure you're saying, well, how did you open up a restaurant without any money?Well, my grandmother, who was in her 90s, was gracious enough and had enough faith and confidence in us to use her house as collateral, and we took out a small 20,000 dollar loan, opened up a 2,000-square-foot restaurant in 1988.","And, the first day we opened, we were dead broke. We didn't have a cash register. There were so many things that we didn't have that I wouldn't dare try to open up a restaurant in today's time without. But in less than the two years - we leased the building for two years - in two years, not only had we paid my grandmother her money back, but we had saved 40,000 dollars. And we took that money and used it as a down payment and purchased our first restaurant.","Well, you know, I want to go to you, Gina, because I understand that there was a reunion at which you two reconnected. Tell me about that, first of all.","Pat and I dated in high school. As a matter of fact, our parents went to the same high school, and we got back together - we dated all through high school, we broke up, of course, and then we got back together at our 10-year reunion."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"dead broke\" - This means that they had no money, rather than literally being physically broken or dead.","questions":"Which phrase describes the financial situation of the speaker during the first day of opening the restaurant?","answer":"broke"}
{"text":["Yeah, that's one of the kind of strange things about the case. If these people were alive, it's rare that - 243 people - one of them wouldn't have been able to contact one of their family members at this point.","If they had, would you hope that this project could find that out?","So I'm in pretty close contact with a number of the family members. So if they had contacted the family members, we would know. The Eritrean diaspora is very interconnected.","When you refer to the Eritrea diaspora, that refers to the fact that many of the people on board this boat were Eritrean?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  is whether or not the project could uncover any contact the people had with their family members and the implied meaning ","questions":"What is the project hoping to uncover?","answer":"Uncover"}
{"text":["There are some good ones. And they seem - there are many videos of crazy ants invading electrical boxes almost to the point where it seems like there's some attraction. What is going on here?","Well, it's definitely a point where people come into contact with them a lot because when your power goes out and you want to know why, you find a bunch of ants, that's a good reason to get your video camera.","Their boxes - power boxes are basically really good cavities. So these ants nest in pre-existing cavities. They don't - they do a small amount of digging but they exploit whatever cavities they can find. So that's a reason that they move into electrical boxes and pump switch - switches.","But once they get electrocuted, if you - when I've been collecting these ants in the past, you'll collect them into a vial, and they're all very agitated inside the vial. And they're - when they're agitated, they release something called an alarm pheromone, which is a signal that they used - chemical that they use to communicate with other ants if there's a threat."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There are videos of ants moving about rapidly and randomly.","questions":"What is the behavior of the ants in the videos mentioned by B?","answer":"crazy"}
{"text":["And just quickly, we could have started our conversation with North Korea or Russia. The world is out there, isn't it?","It is, indeed, and it's not giving the U. S.  a break to get its act together. North Korea seems headed for a crisis. The Russia relationship may be as well. The president has said he will sign the bill stiffening sanctions on Russia and making it more difficult even for himself to lift those sanctions. The Russians have already begun retaliating for that, so more to come.","More to come. NPR's Ron Elving. Thank you, sir.","Thank you, Don."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) Implied meaning: The US is in a difficult situation with North Korea and Russia, and the president's actions have made it even more difficult.","questions":"Which country's relationship may face a crisis due to the bill stiffening sanctions?","answer":"North-Korea"}
{"text":["So, you know, Emily, when your sister is in and out of the hospital, and you're bringing her books, you talk about teaching her about emotions. Can you just give an example of what you mean by that?Like, what is a conversation you had to have with your sister?","Well, it mostly happened, like, your emotions are biological events that happen in your body. It's physiological, real. Emotions are not just in your head. They are all over your body, in your chemistry. So she's reading these books, and she sees the word rage on the page and spontaneously bursts into sobs. And she calls me on the phone, and is like, your book here says that feelings are physical.","I was like, you're a choral conductor who expresses emotion through your body. You practice yoga. And she still, sort of, had not put it together that just because you've dealt with the stressors, that doesn't mean that you've dealt with the physical event of the stress in your body.","One of the lessons in your book is about completing the stress cycle. I loved this analogy of yours, this idea of a lion. Explain the concept of completing the stress cycle through the lion, Emily."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Emotions are not just a mental state but have a physical aspect to them.","questions":"Which word describes the physical aspect of emotions?","answer":"Chemistry"}
{"text":["Same for the rap charts and also pop. I mean, you said that this is a city that has an impact on black music. You know, Atlanta has made black music popular music. These are artists that are on the Hot 100, the biggest songs in the country. So, I am very hopeful.","Dee Dee, same thing.","Right. For me, you know, I look at the new emerging talents like Jazzpects and Hollywierd and Proton. You know, I see a whole new 'nother birth of musicians coming up, and again, just being on the live music scene last night, I was at the Smith's Olde Bar to see Anthony David and Jazzpects and Redlands and Proton and Yellow Wolf, which are all underground artists that are stemming away from the norm.","Jazzpects is fusing hip-hop and jazz. And Yellow Wolf, on the total opposite the spectrum, is a white rapper that is - he has a group called the Dixie Mafia that is a really, really - he is an excellent rapper, that is fusing a lot of the blue grass and country and, you know, middle-America stuff with hip-hop."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Atlanta has been influential in popularizing black music","questions":"Which city?","answer":"Atlanta"}
{"text":["And how do you do that?","Well, on the behavioral side, that means helping them go from being in this setting to open air and open - eventually open water. We would take them through a very careful process of getting used to the transport units, getting used to being on a crane and in a truck and then in a tank on the dock. Eventually, they might even take drives around Baltimore to get used to the idea that they're going to be mobile since they've have not done that before.","The other aspect is the physiological adaptation, and that's a very complex and laborious process. Every - all living organisms have a microbiome associated with them. That's all the microorganisms that live around us and on us - bacteria, fungus, spores, larvae, et cetera. Dolphins do too and, in fact, in seawater, it's quite present. And the water that they live in now, which is man-made saltwater, it's fairly sterile. And of course, the ocean is not sterile.","So we will go through a long process, once we've selected a site, that will begin to integrate that water into the water they live in here so that eventually, when they leave here, they will be in water that almost completely matches the water that they'll be moving to.","I gather, Mr.  Racanelli, you've known dolphins, worked with them in a sense, since you were a teenager."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The process of helping dolphins adjust to open water involves introducing them to the same types of microorganisms they would find in the ocean, which is much more diverse than the sterile saltwater they live in.","questions":"Which type of water do the dolphins live in currently?","answer":"Sterile"}
{"text":["A couple of questions: Does a planet have to be like, quote-unquote, \"like Earth\" for it to be habitable?","Oh absolutely not, absolutely. The biology extremophiles can exist over a wide range of temperatures and salinities and pressures and such. So no, it doesn't have to be like Earth. But that makes it easier for us to imagine that there might be life as we know it.","What's interesting to me, exciting to me, is the prospect of perhaps these stars are very close, are they not?They're. . .","These are some of the closest stars. This one is the 19th closest star to us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : star implies a luminous body in the sky and not a celebrity.","questions":"Which word is used to describe a star in turn 3?","answer":"Luminous"}
{"text":["So you have worked directly with children at the Homestead Shelter in South Florida. Can you take us through one case, one specific type service that you provide now that you wouldn't be able to if and when these cuts go forward?","Generally we provide a Know-Your-Rights presentation to every single child that is detained in an ORR facility in South Florida. Next we provide a one-on-one legal screening with every single child that is in one of these shelters. That legal screening has two purposes. One is to let us know, is this an emergency?Do we need to file this child's case right away?Or are they eligible for relief and are going to be released to another location?If they're eligible for relief and going to be released elsewhere, we will work our butts off to try to find them a lawyer wherever they are released to.","What would it look like for a kid without a lawyer, without this type of legal aid that you're describing?","I mean, you can only imagine. There's no way that any child would be able to navigate this system alone. You know, no child is going to be able to represent themselves in court. And, you know, we see that already with unrepresented children."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Representation in court is necessary for children's cases.","questions":"What is necessary for children's cases?","answer":"Representation"}
{"text":["He was all those things. I. . .","Did his brother's death, in a sense, liberate him to seek a new identity, to travel, to get to know and reflect the world?","I think that shook him deep to his soul. But I think the other thing that happened was his father's stroke. He had to get his father off his back. Joe Kennedy Sr.  was a formidable but, I think, menacing figure in his life who took a sweet, young seventh born who he had called a runt and encouraged him to become tough and ruthless - first a jock at Harvard, getting his letter with a broken leg, and then becoming this enforcer for his brother.","That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid. As a kid, he was - he hung around all the time with African-American kids. Those were his playmates, even in Hyannis. He was - he, you know, Father Feeney - when Father Feeney said no salvation outside the Catholic Church, he railed against that, which was so extraordinary in that very Catholic family."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : I think that shook him deep to his soul. But I think the other thing that happened was his father's stroke. He had to get his father off his back.  The literal meaning would suggest that the person was deeply affected by something that shook them to their core and that their father had a stroke. However, the implied meaning suggests that the significant event had a profound emotional impact on the person, causing them to reassess their relationship with their father and seek some kind of liberation from his influence or control.","questions":"Which event caused the person to reassess their relationship with their father?","answer":"Father"}
{"text":["How do we explain what happened here?","Well, this all started about 8 o'clock Pacific Time last night when this man, who, as you said, was believed to be an airline employee, stole a Horizon Airlines Q400 turboprop plane. This is a small, 80-passenger aircraft used for regional hops. He managed to take off from Sea-Tac Airport - a major airport. And he stayed airborne for about the next 60 to 90 minutes. During this time, North American Aerospace Defense Command, also known as NORAD, launched those two F-15 fighter jets from Portland, Ore. , to intercept the plane. As you heard, the man was in contact with air traffic control. They were trying to get him to land. And then just after 9 o'clock local time, the plane crashed on that small island, caught fire. NORAD says the F-15s did not fire upon the aircraft. And the man is presumed dead.","What do we know about him?","Not much. Alaska Airlines, the parent airline to Horizon Air, put out a statement saying it believes this man was a ground service agent employed by Horizon. They say that he took the plane from a maintenance position, which means that this was not a plane scheduled last night for passenger service. We don't know what motivated him to take the plane and do this. But during those communications with air traffic control, he did describe himself - and I'm quoting here - as \"a broken guy with a few screws loose. \"Those are his words."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The man who stole the plane had mental health issues.","questions":"Which words did the man use to describe himself during the communication with air traffic control?","answer":"screws"}
{"text":["Is there any such thing as truly pure water from any source, bottled or tap?","Well, it's called distilled water, sure. It ends up actually not tasting very good. It's funny actually - for Aquafina and Dasani and actually the major bottled water brands, that's actually tap water that is passed through very fine filters. It's called reverse osmosis. And then the water actually is too clean to taste good. So, in the industry they call it pixie dust - they put some minerals actually back into the water to improve the taste.","So, clean water tastes bad.","Well, I mean, what's clean water, right?I mean, the water that we have out of our tap is clean. The water that we have out of bottled water is clean, right?The question is do you want water that has no contaminants in it all, which would be distilled, or water that's safe to drink?And the fact is we could certainly treat water if we wanted to, to the point where there's nothing in it, but we wouldn't be willing to pay the cost."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"And the fact is we could certainly treat water if we wanted to, to the point where there's nothing in it, but we wouldn't be willing to pay the cost.\"  The literal meaning of this turn is that it is possible to treat water to the point where there are no contaminants in it, but the cost would be too high for people to be willing to pay for it. The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning, and there is no figurative language or idiomatic expression used.","questions":"How would PersonA describe the taste of distilled water?","answer":"Food"}
{"text":["So I think that the Barack Obama, of course, then has a political legitimacy that neither of those gentlemen had because he's a United States senator elected to represent a district and serve a quarter of people. And yet, he's a charismatic figure as well, creating a sense of movement among the millions who now acclaim him as the best thing that happened to American politics since Jack Kennedy.","So Barack Obama has claimed the unique space within the context of American political destiny and has joined the charismatic authority that attends black messianic figures who become leaders in black America, as well as the quest for political legitimacy that transcends black communities. Because he's not just representing black people; he's representing white people and Latino people, and Asian people. He's representing Americans. And so he's taking it to yet another level in pioneering an even different path than the one blazed by Martin Luther King Jr.  or Jessie Jackson and, to a certain degree, Al Sharpton.","Well, Michael Eric Dyson, thank you.","Thank you very kindly, Farai."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Thank you very kindly, Farai.\" - This turn has no implied meaning beyond its literal meaning of thanking Farai.","questions":"How did PersonA address Farai in turn 3?","answer":"Farai"}
{"text":["Perhaps Thursday night. And he had also mentioned that there - Democrats were, quote, \"trying to steal the election\" and had sort of mentioned fraud and referred the matter onto the state's version of the FBI called the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, known as the FDLE. Well, FDLE, the next day, said, hey, there's no allegation of fraud, that it - they don't even have a complaint.","So far, all of these folks are saying, on the Republican side, hey, there's fraud, it needs to be investigated, while the state investigative agency is like, we're here to investigate. Show us. And so far, there's nothing.","With 20 seconds left, why does this happen a lot in Florida?","Because that's just how we are. I think Tim Russert said Florida, Florida, Florida. Or some people call us Flori-duh (ph). And this is just part of the nature of living here and being a reporter in the Sunshine State."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"trying to steal the election\" and \"fraud\" are used in a figurative sense to imply that the Democrats were attempting to win the election through illegitimate means.","questions":"How were the Democrats attempting to win the election according to the figurative use of the words \"trying to steal the election\" and \"fraud\"?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Right.","Just a little.","You could put honey. . .","Yeah. Agave just. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Agave just...\" This turn is not complete and lacks context, so its meaning is ambiguous. It could be interpreted as a response to the previous turn, where \"Agave\" is being suggested as an alternative to honey, or it could have a different meaning depending on the context of the conversation.","questions":"What is being suggested as an alternative to honey?","answer":"Agave"}
{"text":["Yeah, you know, there was a lot of that. From our point of view, what we were looking to do was to serve and engage readers. And it was not our intention to look in the window of another bookstore that might be five miles away. And some of the press like to say we opened up in order to put these people out of business, which I thought was ridiculous. But we kind of ignored it and just moved on.","Jumping forward a few years, the digital book revolution changed things tremendously. And at one point, Barnes & Noble put a lot of energy into its own Nook e-reader. . .","Yes.",". . . Thinking it would really kind of be its salvation heading towards the future. But it didn't really work out that way. You know, could it be that the future of books really is going to be good old-fashioned print?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"digital book revolution\" - this is a metaphorical expression that refers to the rapid shift towards digital formats in the publishing industry.","questions":"Which expression is a metaphorical reference to the shift towards digital formats in the publishing industry?","answer":"Metaphorical"}
{"text":["He had time to rethink the music of his youth after an injury forced him to lay off the piano for months. Music triggers memories. And when the 36-year-old sat at our piano, the music triggered his.","I still remember my first teacher. Professor Zhu told me, you know, now you'll learn those pieces. But every 20 years, you got to come back and to rediscover what can you do with it.","And I was like, that's crazy. Come on. I already know. I mean, I know those pieces by heart. I know how to play this piece. Why should I play it, you know, 30 years back?And now I realize - oh, my goodness - I mean, I have to because those pieces was kind of my best friends, and I need to know them better.","This piece by Mozart takes Lang Lang back to his first-ever piano recital. He started early. The recital in China came when he was 5."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"rediscover what can you do with it\" - this means to approach a piece of music with a fresh perspective or new understanding, rather than literally discovering something new.","questions":"Which piece of music takes Lang Lang back to his first-ever piano recital?","answer":"Mozart"}
{"text":["And it's not just the president who's criticizing him. He's facing a lot of pressure from Republicans on the Hill, as well. Is that right?","That's very much so. McCabe was dragged up to Capitol Hill twice last week. He spent around eight hours testifying behind closed doors for the House Intelligence Committee. That was about Russia. And he spent a little more than eight hours with the House Oversight and House Judiciary Committees a few days later talking about the Clinton matter.","Now, there's one thing in particular that Republicans want to talk to McCabe about, and that's a senior FBI agent by the name of Peter Strzok, who's been in the news a lot. He worked on both the Mueller probe and the Clinton investigation, and he sent highly charged, politically charged text messages about Trump. Now, Strzok was removed from the Russia investigation, but those text messages have given Republicans a lot of ammunition for their allegations of political bias.","With about 30 seconds left, what sort of effect does all of this criticism from the president, from Republicans on the Hill have on the FBI?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : McCabe faced intense questioning and scrutiny by Republicans.","questions":"Which committee did McCabe testify in front of for around eight hours regarding the Russia matter?","answer":"House"}
{"text":["There probably should be because the funny thing is, for most players, for most people, you might be able to look at this and say, all this success, the way that the city has embraced him and the team, all of these good things would naturally lead to Kawhi Leonard being more inclined to re-sign in Toronto. And we just don't know that that's the case because he's a famously kind of opaque individual. Nobody knows what Kawhi Leonard is thinking, except Kawhi Leonard, about what he really wants in life and in basketball. The team's really good; that might not be enough.","People are talking about him as being one of the greats, right?You're hearing, like, a Michael Jordan comparison being thrown around. Can he really carry the team to a title against the Warriors, though?","Not alone, I don't think so. The one thing about this Raptors team that people do underrate is that, defensively, this Raptors team is as good as anybody in basketball right now. It's a team with versatility, intelligence, a ferocity, defensively. But to beat the Golden State Warriors, they're going to need more guys to make shots offensively. Kawhi Leonard is great. You need more than one great player to win in any playoff series, much less against a championship outfit like the Warriors.","The NBA has pushed for expansion north for decades. But is the rest of Canada at all interested in this?I mean, is this Canada's team?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Raptors need more than just Kawhi Leonard to beat the Warriors; they need other players to step up offensively.","questions":"What do the Raptors need to beat the Warriors?","answer":"More"}
{"text":["Yeah. Now, let me tell you. Again, people in Washington were saying, expedite these cases. Get them done in two weeks, for children who - I will never forget the images - who were sitting on a chair. Their feet were dangling. That's how small they were. And we were going to expedite these cases to have them tell a perfect stranger, in a language or a dialect they don't speak, about the trauma that they were experiencing in their home country, which required them to seek refuge in ours.","And so I got on the phone with managing partners from law firms up and down the state of California and said, let's get pro bono legal services to help these children who otherwise were not entitled to attorneys. All of that to say, one - I disagree with any policy that would turn America's back on people who are fleeing harm. I, frankly, believe that it is contrary to everything that we have symbolically and actually said we stand for. And so I would not enforce a law that would reject people and turn them away without giving them a fair and due process to determine if we should give them asylum and refuge.","We're in a world with 60 million refugees, and with every reason. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In this turn, the speaker is describing the difficult situation of children seeking refuge in the US and the unreasonable expectations placed on them to quickly share their traumatic experiences with strangers in a language they don't speak. However, the implied meaning goes beyond the literal description of the situation and suggests that the speaker is critical of the policy and decision makers who would put vulnerable children in such a position. The tone and choice of words such as \"expedite\" and \"perfect stranger\" convey a sense of urgency, frustration, and perhaps even outrage about the situation.","questions":"How would you describe the tone of turn 0?","answer":"Urgent"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. Staycation. It's one of those newfangled words that's caught on fast. A vacation is when you vacate. You take off, you stay in a hotel, or camp out, or see the sights. A staycation is - well, you got it. With soaring gas prices and plane tickets, this was supposed to be the summer of staying at home. But was that prediction off the mark?If you're thinking about traveling soon or for the winter holidays, what should you keep in mind?With us to talk about both of those issues we've got Madeline Nunn, senior travel agent with the Richmond, Virginia, branch of the American Automobile Association, or Triple-A. Hi, Madeline.","How are you?","I'm great. So, back in May, a Rand McNally survey found that two-thirds of Americans planning road trips this summer said they would shorten their trips or cancel them all together. Summer is wrapping up, so what actually panned out?","Well, actually, the staycation thing is sort of a myth, so to speak, because Americans are traveling. They're traveling because they are hard-working and they need the rest and the revitalization. They need this vacation. So, what we're finding is that they're not staying home, per se. Some are just staying a little closer to home. And sometimes they're limiting the length of time that they may take for this vacation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The staycation trend was not as popular as predicted","questions":"Which survey found that many Americans were planning to shorten or cancel their summer road trips?","answer":"Rand"}
{"text":["Explain what it means that the buyer sees more value in the brand of Sports Illustrated than the magazine itself.","Such a good question. Authentic Brands Group represents a lot of big names, some in sport, like Dr.  J - Julius Erving - Shaquille O'Neal, a lot of icons of culture that have passed - Marilyn Monroe, Elvis Presley - and some, you know, other sporting figures and brands in culture - Juicy Couture, fashion, the like. And they see. . .","It's a good collection.","It's incoherent, but it's broad. Let's put it that way. They see the ability to do things they think - in live events, in conferences, perhaps in gambling, I guess. Casinos could be branded with - or certain kinds of lotteries could be branded with Sports Illustrated - gaming, presumably - video games and the like. They think that this is a franchise that has a strong name, even if publication of Sports Illustrated is down from its heyday. You know, you think of such an important publication - the journalism of Frank Deford, of Gary Smith, of the photography of Neil Leifer and others - so many impressive works over the years. That's not what these guys are about. These guys want to draw on that intellectual property, maybe sell it, maybe find ways to wrap new products around - that name around new products."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that the collection is not well-defined or organized, but it covers a wide range of areas.","questions":"How would you describe the coherence of the ABG collection?","answer":"Incoherent"}
{"text":["So why do you think people should care about this?And. . .","(Laughter).",". . . Apologies for being trite about it. But. . .","Yeah, I know."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A finds something amusing but doesn't want to explain why.","questions":"How did PersonA react to PersonB's question?","answer":"Amused"}
{"text":["Science and magic are supposed to be opposites. Science is real, and it's hard, and it's facts-driven. Magic is illusion, and it's make-believe. Two separate worlds. But not for Teller, half of the famous magic duo Penn & Teller. He recently wrote an article for Smithsonian magazine, outlining the secrets that magicians use to manipulate the human mind and how those tricks may be put to use by scientists. At the core of every trick, he wrote, is a cold, cognitive experiment in perception. Does the trick fool the audience?","Well, in this portion of the program, we would like to hear from the magicians out there. What is the trick that proved most difficult for you to master?And if you want to share its secret, what was its secret?Our number is 800-989-8255. Our email address is talk@npr. org. And you can join the conversation on our website. Go to npr. org, and click on TALK OF THE NATION. Teller joins us from NPR member station KNPR in Las Vegas. Teller, thanks very much for joining us.","Happy to be here.","So psychologists talk about the artistic intuition that magicians have, this innate ability honed over time, a lot, a lot of time to grab a person's attention and control it and manipulate it. Are they right about that?Are psychologists on to something in this assessment of what you magicians are really up to?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Grab a person's attention and control it and manipulate it.\" The speaker uses the terms \"grab,\" \"control,\" and \"manipulate\" to describe the actions of magicians. In this context, they mean captivating and directing someone's attention through skillful techniques, rather than forcibly or negatively manipulating them.","questions":"What are the three terms used by the speaker to describe the actions of magicians?","answer":"Illusion"}
{"text":["So tell us what happened on the site last week.","Well I mean, what the culmination of a week of DDoS attacks, you know, it started off on Monday with DDoS attacks. And basically what that means is. . .","Please, go ahead. I was about to ask you what that meant.","Yeah. What happens is, you know, basically they send out little robots. They put robots on computers across the country, which make requests your website, which essentially brings your website down because of an overload of requests. So a DDoS stands for denial of service. And they do that by basically clogging up your arteries, basically, with actual requests from robots that are not regular people, and overwhelming your server."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : DDoS attacks are like clogging up your arteries with requests, overwhelming the server.","questions":"What does DDoS attacks do to a server?","answer":"Overwhelm"}
{"text":["What about people who work for somebody who's in power and might not get the same guarantees?","Well, the problem with the guarantees is that who gives them?Because now there is a highly fragmented global community of attorneys, of activists, of non-governmental organizations and foundations that can't initiate proceedings against these people. Former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet felt very safe in, you know, in a trip to Europe. And all of a sudden, he was taken into custody unexpectedly by a judge in Spain. And so, you know, no one today can offer foolproof guarantees to dictators that they will not be prosecuted once they are out of power or even if they are still in power.","If you take a look, for example, at Syria, have we seen that at play?","Yeah. Well, in Syria remember; we - the international community thought that Bashar al-Assad was gone and that his days were counted. And he's still there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : when someone or somethings days are\/were counted means that they are dead, or for a company means going out of business, or in some cases it means the person is in trouble","questions":"Which community can't initiate proceedings against people in power?","answer":"Global"}
{"text":["What about beyond the environment?- because your platform goes well beyond just issues. . .","Yeah.",". . . Of climate. What else do you stand for?","Well, having a clear attitude against racism through our diversity, not flirting with populist parties but confronting them. This is something that the Greens have been always good in. And I think that resonates with the population. And also, the Green Party has always been most pro-European party, longing for United States of Europe as a vision."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Green Party is against racism, doesn't support populist parties, and supports a united Europe.","questions":"Which party supports a united Europe?","answer":"Europe"}
{"text":["Latin America and Mexico. South America, by contrast is being hit with a delay. When you go to Colombia or Peru, people are aware of the bad news of the global economy, but in the local economy they do not feel the - the impact with great strength yet.","Now, we're seeing reports, for example, that say that unemployment has hit every sector in Latin America, even the bodyguards in drug-torn countries like Colombia are losing their jobs. How big an issue is unemployment?","It will become an increasingly more important issue as time goes by. Latin America in contrast, say, with Asia, is less integrated into the production chain. So the falling in exports of Latin America are essentially the fall of commodity exports. And they are not very intense in employment.","However, as the tsunami of the global problems propagates through Latin America, unemployment will start picking up in other sectors eventually including in the non-tradable sectors like services and so forth. So, in countries like Mexico, surely, the impact is already being felt given its proximity to the U. S. In other countries, it's coming with some delay. But, unemployment and recession are the name of the situation for Latin America, not financial meltdown."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : No one was hit, but the unemployment numbers have been a shock and have had a negative affect on latin america. No one fell, but numbers have gone down in exports.","questions":"Which numbers have gone down in exports?","answer":"commodity"}
{"text":["I have to say, I'm a huge believer in the laws of political physics. The first one is gravity. And the sheer idiocy of what he said seems to me - it is going to drag him down. The second one is momentum. And you saw yesterday what was clearly a coordinated message on the part of Senator McConnell, Senator Cornyn and Governor Romney, to say, you've got 24 hours to think it over, buddy. They left the buddy out. Think what's best for you, what's best for your family, what's best for the Republican Party. They didn't say that, not necessarily in that order. It's the way we're thinking about it. And it may be that Mr.  Akin will hold on past close of business today. But I have to say, I'll be just stunned if he is the nominee who's on the ticket in November.","The deadline is 5 P. M. , Central Time. Ruth Marcus, thank you very much.","Thanks a lot.","Ruth Marcus is an editorial writer for The Washington Post. She joined us from a studio at the newspaper. Her piece is called \"Self-Preservation, Meet Cynicism. \"You can find a link to it on our website. That's at npr. org. Click on TALK OF THE NATION. And this is TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : gravity implies that in politics a person's actions can hinder them from acting further","questions":"What is the first law of political physics that PersonA believes in?","answer":"Gravity"}
{"text":["It was. So Apple's lawyers were incredibly practiced and very eloquent. They told a very compelling story for their case, and they told it in terms that were very easy for the jurors to understand. They had lots of well-done slides and pictures illustrating their points, and when they finished speaking, you were convinced that they were in the right.","Samsung, on the other hand, they were - they came across as being defensive a lot of the time and kind of brash sometimes. And their case was also a lot more complicated and involved much more technical terms, and so I think that might have been much harder for jurors to understand.","And so what - what exactly did the jury find?They sort of had a mixed bag of things.","Right, so they found patent infringement for a whole host of Apple's intellectual property in the case. They found 28 cases of infringement for some of the smartphones involved. They upheld Apple's patents on iPhone and iPad design, and now Apple is seeking injunction against eight of those 28 smartphones that were found to be violating Apple's intellectual property."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Samsung's lawyers were not as good as Apple's lawyers","questions":"Which company's lawyers were viewed as being defensive and brash by A?","answer":"Samsung"}
{"text":["I mean, anything that - any interest rate right now that's pegged to the federal funds rate, which is a key benchmark rate that many, many credit cards, many, many - some types of mortgages - but also many more types of short-term debts are pegged to, you can benefit a whole lot.","The problem is that if you're already in one of these homes, for example, that's - and you're underwater, meaning that you're house is worth less than the mortgage owner, and you've got poor credit or you don't have enough money or enough equity in the house to be able to refinance, then you're going to run it to a proper and you're not going to benefit.","Whether or not they - that helps the economy overall remains to be seen. I mean, the problem with economics statistics is that many times they lag by a couple of months. And so by the time you find out - by the time a recession is declared, you may have already been in one for about a month or two before you - before the rest of the country actually knows ,you know, some grand proclamation that comes from the Federal Reserve or some economists somewhere that we are in a recession.","We're going to talk a little bit more soon with a realtor in Ohio, your state, about the situation there. But last week, Countrywide Financial was subpoenaed by the attorney general of Florida. It's just one of a number of government agencies investigating the largest mortgage lender."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) To be in a recession means the economy is declining.","questions":"Which economic condition is being discussed in turn 2?","answer":"Recession"}
{"text":["I mean, it's tempting, and certainly we do it in the news business, to look at a figure like $9 billion and say, you know, figure out what that cost per arrest and everything. But I wonder, isn't it in a sense worth, I don't know, a billion dollars a year to the American people to have that deterrent aboard?Because as people in the program have pointed out, if something happens, there's no one else to call upon for help in an airliner.","Well, you could justify almost anything on that basis. But I will tell you that on any cost-benefit analysis, this program does not hold muster. I can tell you also that while a billion dollars might not seem like much money in the whole federal government. . .","Oh, no, it's a lot of money. Don't get me wrong. . .","It's a lot. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In statement 1, the speaker is subtly suggesting that the Republican friends should be open-minded and consider the possibility of voting for Trump in the upcoming election","questions":"What is the cost-benefit analysis of the program mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Cost-benefit"}
{"text":["That's a wonderful section that helps us understand how their worlds were shaken up. They were safe, but on the other hand. . .","Well, on the other hand, they were sent all over the country to households who often weren't expecting them and the children themselves didn't know where they were going. They didn't know which town they were going to, who they would be staying with, whether they would be staying with friends or even their siblings. It was extraordinary.","And there were a lot of schemers. There were families who would take them in just because it increased their food coupons.","There were, indeed. And in fact, quite a lot of the research for my book - well, it certainly started with a newspaper called The St.  Albans Advertiser - and I kept on stumbling across scams. I've got one here, actually. This is directly from the newspaper. She has shown considerable ingenuity by her forgeries. Giving a false address and using the names of children that do not exist made the matter very difficult to detect. This was somebody called Doris Evelyn Hart (ph) who was claiming a billeting allowance for six children who weren't staying with her. And this was very common because you got, actually, a decent weekly wage for taking in an evacuated child."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"She has shown considerable ingenuity by her forgeries\" - The literal meaning of \"ingenuity\" is creative ability or cleverness. In this context, it refers to the ability to forge documents convincingly, which is not a positive attribute.","questions":"What attribute did the person being discussed show in their forgeries?","answer":"Ingenuity"}
{"text":["Really bad, bad things.","Those are very difficult things to cope with, and certainly, those are realities unfortunately for millions of Americans. There are some things that we can do things about and there are some things we can't do things about. But if we focus on how you change the way you look at it, what you do, how you communicate, clarifying and prioritizing your values, becoming part of the community, helping other people, you don't have to wait six months to do those things. You can start doing some of those things today.","You don't even have to wait till you're laid off to do these things. Let's just put that out there.","You know, it's a way of living your life that works well all the time, but it's a great set of tools to have during this particular time, the time in between jobs."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The tools mentioned aren't literally tools, they are resources or actions people can take to kelp themselves.","questions":"Which term describes the tools mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Actions"}
{"text":["Yep, I mean, that is absolutely true. I'm, you know, I'm still young but I've definitely moved past the age where, you know, I feel young and feel completely invincible. Something catastrophic, whether it's an illness that comes along or whether it's an accident, or something of that nature, is a risk that's there. And, you know, it still seems to be a very low risk. But you're right. I mean, there's no logical way around that. That is definitely something that could happen at any time.","So you're not one of these people that thinks I'm young and strong and nothing will happen.","No. My, you know, shoulder and back hurts bad enough right now that. . .",". . . I know that's not the case."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. By saying \"you're not one of these people that thinks I'm young and strong and nothing will happen\"","questions":"What is the risk that PersonA acknowledges in the dialogue?","answer":"Illness"}
{"text":["We should note that USA Today, which when it was founded in 1982, said it would never endorse a candidate for president - didn't want to go to that kind of - didn't want to participate in that kind of politics - has not endorsed a candidate but has said, in some departure from their usual policy, Donald Trump is unfit to be president, so don't vote for him.","What's an editorial worth in this age of social media?","You know, we know that people don't read newspaper editorials by and large. And if they ever read one, it's usually something like this in the presidential season. But we know that people read about them and hear about them.","And that's where, in the age of social media, they may actually matter more because people are going to be talking about this wipeout, this refusal of people who, remember, historically, have almost always gone with Republicans, to go with Donald Trump.","OK, now Miss Universe. Did Hillary Clinton set a trap for Donald Trump, which he sprang on himself?","You know, this story could have gone away in 24 hours or 48 hours. It could have had some impact on Monday night and perhaps, then, just gone away. We've heard an awful lot of high impact stories come and go already in this campaign."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : 5) OK, now Miss Universe.Did Hillary Clinton set a trap for Donald Trump, which he sprang on himself?","questions":"What did \"B\" ask about Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump in relation to Miss Universe?","answer":"Trap"}
{"text":["So we really need to do research and try to pin that down. Another thing that's critical is - so what is the long-term prospect for our cities and our ports?How much is the sea level going to rise?What are our coast lines going to look like?Well, that depends upon how fast Greenland and parts of the West Antarctic ice sheet melt. That's a big unknown.","There was a piece appearing in the New York Times this week that described new research that basically found even if we curb emissions now, climate change will likely continue until at least the year 3000. Do you feel like there is any solution?Can we ever go back?","We should not think about the fact that we're going to be pristine and back what we were like before the industrial revolution. I think we have to have a different notion. We have used the industrial revolution to get rich. We've improved our quality of life. Now, those very techniques are reducing the quality of life through environmental side effects. Let's try to prevent it from getting a lot worse.","So while we can't stop a few degrees of warming on top of where we already are, we can stop the 10 degrees. My notion is do as much as you can, as fast as you can, as fairly as you can, and as cost effectively as you can, and don't get hung up on the numbers because three degrees is a lot better than six, and 10 degrees is dramatically worse than any other numbers."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Their notion is to do as much as you can and don't think about the numbers too much.","questions":"Which notion do they have?","answer":"Act"}
{"text":["If Beijing could have its way, David, what do you think they would want to do with Hong Kong?What would they want from Hong Kong?","Well, we know they would like Hong Kong to basically focus on money and making money and not worry about politics at all. That was the model. I mean, it's a comparison that Beijing would hate. But the truth is they basically treat it like a colony. It used to be a British colony. It's now a colony of China. And like any well-behaved colony, you're meant to focus on getting rich, making money and not worry about politics.","And David, just briefly, what happens in 2047, 50 years after Britain hands Hong Kong back to China?What happens then?","Well, then the promise of one country, two systems falls away, but the truth is they're going to try and chip away as in all kinds of small and subtle ways before then. We're also going to see probably more mainland immigration into Hong Kong - would be one way of diluting Hong Kong's kind of will to resist. But let's not underestimate an amazing thing that happened. There is a piece of China that gets free press, that knows what's happening, that is allowed to protest - not allowed where I'm sitting in Beijing - and they said, no, and the government backed off. And that's an absolutely extraordinary thing that can only happen in Hong Kong."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Hong Kong's autonomy is being gradually eroded before the 2047 deadline","questions":"How is Hong Kong's autonomy being affected?","answer":"Eroded"}
{"text":["So most of the players in the money sports, in football and basketball at the Power Five schools, are black. So 56 percent of the basketball players - men's basketball players - are black. Fifty-five percent of the football players are black. But 2. 4 percent of the students at these schools are black men. And so this is -","Only?","Only 2. 4 percent. I know. That was shocking to us, too. But there's this weird paradox that happens, right?So you have black men on these campuses who are basically invisible in the classrooms. But at any given time and during any given academic year, the most high-profile undergraduate at one of these universities is likely to be a black basketball phenom or a black football star.","What did you find out about if these stars are actually getting the education that they've been promised?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The proportion of black male students at Power Five schools is much lower than the proportion of black male athletes.","questions":"How does the proportion of black male athletes compare to the proportion of black male students at Power Five schools?","answer":"Higher"}
{"text":["I think it's really important to understand that this is literally part of our human condition, right?We're a pack species. We like other people to like us. We like them to know what we're doing. And we've been doing this for centuries, whether it was commissioning portraits, whether it was sending postcards from our trips, whether it was holding our neighbors hostage and making them watch 10,000 slides from our family vacation. This is part of who we are. It's just a matter of managing it effectively.","If this is an essential part of the human condition, are these fatalities just going to keep happening?","I think so. I think so. There are some measures in place to kind of help with those people who are accidentally finding themselves in the situation of taking risky selfies. I think the more difficult question to ask is, what do we do with those people who are deliberately trying to find that high-risk selfie moment?","I mentioned the U. S.  Forest Service warning against bear selfies and Yellowstone having this safe selfie pledge. What other steps are being taken to try to keep people safe?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The turn (1) \"holding our neighbors hostage and making them watch 10,000 slides from our family vacation\" is an example of figurative language and its actual meaning is not literal. The speaker is using exaggeration to emphasize how people have always had a desire to share their experiences with others, even if it means subjecting them to boring slideshows.","questions":"Which figure of speech is used in turn 0?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Well, it's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you.","Can you recreate for us in a sense, like our town does, a summer day at that house you loved?","Basically, people woke up as early as they could, as close to dawn. Everyone was kind of on their own once the kids got older and could take care of themselves to fix something for breakfast and start the day however they wanted as long as they were busy.","There was no television, barely a radio. And it would be tuned into very infrequently, generally when the Red Sox were playing. And all you got were scratchy sounds anyway. People were left to just, I guess, invite the outdoors into their hearts and their souls."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Literal meaning: A is describing how people in the house woke up early and were free to start their day as they pleased. Actual meaning: The actual meaning is the same as the literal meaning.","questions":"Which turn describes PersonA's memories of a summer day at a particular house?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["Do you have any reason that any of these nominees that have evaded the question of Brown v.  Board being correctly decided - do you have any reason to believe that they would be in support of overturning Brown v.  Board?","I think that the real attempt here is if you decline to answer questions about Brown v.  Board, it becomes internally logical to also declined to answer questions about Roe, which is back on the table. And so the way to sort of elide that conversation is to say, I won't talk about any of those precedents, and I won't talk about Brown. So it looks really principled, but it's a way of moving the goalposts about what you won't talk about.","Dahlia Lithwick is a senior editor at Slate. Thank you very much for joining us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn (2) has an actual meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not discussing an attempt to physically move goalposts, but rather a rhetorical strategy of avoiding answering certain questions.","questions":"Which turn refers to a rhetorical strategy of avoiding answering certain questions?","answer":"Turn1"}
{"text":["Thank you. I know that you've been recently honored with the Outstanding Contribution to Television and Film Award at this year's BAFTA Awards in Scotland. Congratulations.","Well, thank you very much. It took me by surprise.","Really?They took you by surprise and took you all the way there?","Yeah. (Unintelligible) I'm in a very strange position because I'm almost 70 and I - people are giving me sort of good attendance prizes. . .","Well, that's what I call them. Good contribution prizes or something they call them, I don't know, you know, for your outstanding achievement over the years. I think it really means you're getting old, go away."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Receiving good attendance prizes means that you are getting old and should retire","questions":"How does receiving good attendance prizes make someone feel?","answer":"Old"}
{"text":["One day, Africa appears as a mass of crinkly brown veins. Another, it's become vivid streaks of orange and gold. Crimson and violet squiggles around Australia could be an abstract painting. It seemed that Commander Kelly never got tired of what he could see out the window and what he could make us see in an entirely new way. When the capsule bearing Kelly and cosmonauts Kornienko and Volkov parachuted to a landing in Kazakhstan earlier this month, that fantastic journey came to a close. Back home in Houston, Scott Kelly will be poked and prodded, weighed and measured, all in the name of science. And his terrestrial tweets now bring their own delights. He posted video of his first plunge into a pool.","Man, that feels good.","A few days later, there was Scott Kelly with his arms stretched overhead and a big smile, looking up at a dark sky.","My first rain in more than a year. Awesome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meaning of (2) is that Scott Kelly is expressing his joy and relief at being able to experience something he has not felt in over a year, ","questions":"Which feeling is Scott Kelly expressing in turn (2)?","answer":"Relief"}
{"text":["So right now, there are multiple congressional committees investigating this issue. We've got them on the House side. We've got a couple on the Senate side. I guess I want to know why is there a need for multiple investigations, and how do these congressional investigations differ at their core from what Special Counsel Robert Mueller is conducting?","Well, Senate Intelligence looks at intelligence matters primarily. Senate Judiciary looks at matters that fall under the broad scope of the Judiciary Committee. All these congressional investigations differ very much in function from what the Special Counsel Mueller does. Mueller works in secret and long, long deep studies of things like finances. And he doesn't bring his results public. If he finds something that's really important, he won't let you know until it's time to indict somebody. Whereas, the congressional committees when classification allows them to be in the open, they live for open hearings. They want people to know what they found.","And what about compelling witnesses to testify?The subpoena, is that a last resort thing or is it just a negotiating device?","Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  turn is asking about the use of subpoenas to compel witnesses to testify and whether they are a last resort or a negotiating tool. The actual meaning, however, is asking about the effectiveness and necessity of using subpoenas in congressional investigations.","questions":"Which tool is the basic working tool of congressional investigations?","answer":"Subpoena"}
{"text":["I want to talk about government response, first from President Nicolas Maduro, but also from Venezuela's opposition leader, Juan Guaido.","Well, Maduro's representative in Geneva has called it biased and incomprehensible, this report. But at the same time, the U. N. 's saying the Maduro government yesterday agreed to release 22 prisoners, including two pretty high-profile detainees at the request of Michelle Bachelet, the U. N.  high commissioner for human rights, who's the author of this report. Bachelet does seem to hold out hope of working with the Maduro government because it's allowed her organization for the first time in years to open an office in Venezuela, though we really don't know whether that will lead to anything.","As for the opposition, there've been demonstrations today in Venezuela which were originally about the death in custody of a naval captain. But the U. N.  report is very much also a theme. And Juan Guaido, leader of the opposition, has been talking to a crowd in Caracas, saying that the U. N.  has laid out what he's been saying for a long time now, which is that the Maduro government is a dictatorship.","That's NPR's Philip Reeves speaking from his base in Rio de Janeiro. Philip, thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Guaido sees the U.N. report as supporting his claim of dictatorship","questions":"Which opposition leader sees the U.N. report as supporting his claim?","answer":"Guaido"}
{"text":["And that - you know, that - it totally imbued his soul. He was - you know, I've been in the presence of a lot of great men. And almost all of them preferred to talk about themselves. He wanted to talk about you. And that's what made you fall in love with him.","Yeah. I don't want to draw everything to what's going on now. But, you know, you would have dinner with President Bush. You would talk about things. Did - can we draw distinctions between the kind of president he was and what we see in the country now?","Oh, Scott, there will be time for that conversation. And I'm sure it's being held. And of course there's - we're in a very different world now. But I think George - I can almost hear George Bush right now saying, now, now, let's not have any of that. He. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A believes that George Bush would want to avoid political discussions and focus on a more positive conversation.","questions":"How did PersonA think George Bush would react to a political discussion?","answer":"Avoid"}
{"text":["How does the government even know that they might have overpaid?","Well, they have records going back that say, you know, you were eligible for X amount per month. And then maybe somebody in the family went back to work and got more in the way of earnings than they would have had to be eligible for those benefits. And so there was this debt sitting there on the account over all these years. But in many of these cases, the government can't even say who exactly incurred the debt. It might have been a surviving spouse. It might have been surviving children. All they know is that the debt is on the books. And apparently their regulations allow them to go after almost anyone in the surviving family without regard to whether they were the ones who got the benefits in the first place.","And they have no recourse?","Well, there's an appeals process, and you can seek a waiver. The folks I've spoken to, for the most part, when they call or visit Social Security, they're told, yeah, you can go through the waiver process, but you're not likely to win. The Social Security Administration tells me that about 10 percent do win their case, but that's 90 percent who don't. And of that 90 percent, some of them, it's just, you know, a few hundred dollars maybe, and they figure it's not worth the battle. In other cases, it's some thousands of dollars, and they really need the money. But very few lawyers will touch these cases because they are relatively small amounts of money involved."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"win their case\" does not refer to a legal case but rather to the process of appealing and receiving a waiver for the debt owed to the Social Security Administration.","questions":"What does \"win their case\" refer to?","answer":"Appeals"}
{"text":["And when we went to the break, you were saying that one of the advantages of storing it in DNA is once you make it, it will last a very long time.","That's right, and you gave the example in your introduction that - one of the examples that we like to use, it's quite well-known, you know, there's been these Neanderthal samples found, and they can get DNA out of there and read the DNA in technical - we call it we sequence the DNA. And those samples from Neanderthals, or another great example is wooly mammoth, they get samples routinely from 10,000- or 20,000- or 50,000-year-old mammoths.","And that's not even a carefully controlled sample. That's just, you know, a mammoth that laid down and died somewhere cold.","I'm sorry for the mammoth. So - but if you took your DNA, you would store it in a controlled environment somewhere, or does it not need that?If the mammoth is lying in the ice. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : go on break in this context means the show went to commercials, as its commonly called a commercial break","questions":"How long can DNPersonA last when stored in a controlled environment?","answer":"Long"}
{"text":["Yeah, literally - quite literally. Yeah, man. It's like - it's usually my go-to in writing. And it's just naturally a - such a part of everything. And then in making that song \"Disco,\" it's like, disco - what do you think of disco?Like, strings. Strings are all up in and around disco - heavy, heavy, heavy.","(Vocalizing).","What's this song about - \"Poor Fake\"?","I think it's about kind of looking deeper into something that on the surface, seem so authentic and so real. But then as you get closer to it, you start to see what it's really made of."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker uses 'literally' in a figurative sense.","questions":"How does the speaker use 'literally'?","answer":"Habitually"}
{"text":["And I want to just warn listeners before we get going there may be some brief descriptions of violence as we chat this out over the next couple minutes. Start with, why now?As we said, the federal government has not carried out an execution for some years now.","Actually, a senior Justice Department official tells me the previous attorney general, Jeff Sessions, launched this effort, put it into motion. But it's actually happening on the watch of his successor, Bill Barr. Barr says the federal government owes it to victims and their families. He points out, even though there haven't been many executions in the federal system, that Justice Departments representing presidents from both political parties have continued to seek capital punishment in court.","Barr says the people on federal death row are the worst of the worst. And he's directed the Federal Bureau of Prisons to schedule five inmates for executions, all starting - if it goes to plan - December 9.","And who are these five?What do we know about them?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : put into motion means that he enacted the efforts to seek the death penalty","questions":"How did Jeff Sessions contribute to the current effort to seek the death penalty?","answer":"Enacted"}
{"text":["Once the canvassing board signs off on the recount and stamps it as completed, the loser will have up to seven days - calendar days, not business days - to file a legal contest to the recount. And it's very likely that that's going to be happening and accordingly, that we will not have a certified winner for some time in Minnesota.","Well, if you stick to that calendar and start filling in little blanks for January, do you actually go over into February when you're trying to figure out the schedule?","Well, I think that's anybody's guess right now. It just depends on what type of litigation is filed, if anything does come, and how long it takes to work it out.","Of course, Norm Coleman could say, could he not, well, OK. I'm a good sport. There it is."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There will be a delay in determining the certified winner due to possible legal challenges.","questions":"What is the reason for the delay in determining the certified winner in Minnesota?","answer":"Possible"}
{"text":["No, that felt great. Did it make up?I can't go back to my life pre-June 1, 2017, where I'm getting smeared. And as a Muslim, being attacked with the worst anti-Muslim trope you can say is that I'm a Muslim and I'm a terrorist. So it was very painful. It was painful to have friends and family express concerns. It was painful to contact security at Daily Beast and my radio channel to say, hey, we might be visited by white supremacists coming to kill me. And they might kill innocent people I work with. That was all horrible.","But through this all, I've never once questioned doing this. This is the right thing to do. It's the thing we have to do. And I'm happy we got the judgment. And we're going to continue. And I hope it inspires others and gives them a roadmap to say, don't be silent. There are lawyers who will represent you - I'm not kidding - free of charge for this kind of work to make it clear that we're not going to cower from these people. We're going to sue them. We're going to win. We're going to get their money.","That's Dean Obeidallah. He's the host of \"The Dean Obeidallah Show\" on Sirius XM. He's a columnist for The Daily Beast. And he's a comedian and a former lawyer. Dean, thanks so much for talking to us.","Thanks for having me on, Michel. I appreciate it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being called a Muslim terrorist is hurtful and dangerous.","questions":"How was Dean Obeidallah described by B?","answer":"Host"}
{"text":["There are some conversations, some talks. Robert Townsend actually came to the opening, it was like, you know this is a movie, right?You know, this is a movie?You realize this is a movie?I'm like, yeah, I think it is, I think it is.","So, there's conversations about it, but I want people to come out now, and see it in this incarnation, because it's original story telling form. Very much John Leguizamo, I dance in the show, I become 15, 20 different characters, and I actually dip into some other guys. I actually look like the people when I do them. I actually have the elasticity to flip my face up, and be like, wait a minute, he kind of looks like a whole different human being now. The chameleon is here.","All right, on that note, Don, thanks so much.","Thank you so much. Everybody, come on out."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : John Leguizamo has the ability to transform into different characters during his performance.","questions":"What is John Leguizamo's special skill during his performance?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Well I think this is what the Southern African Development Community is all about now, is trying to push forward, to say we can not continue with business as usual in Zimbabwe. There has to be a different way, and a better way, for the people of Zimbabwe.","So clearly there are economic measures that can be put forward by that Southern African Development Community. There are political pressures that can be brought to bear, not only by the Southern African region, but also, you know, by the African Union overall. And it is time to kind of push forward, beyond the quiet diplomacy here, to put pressure to make sure that we don't end up in endless discussions without a resolution to this crisis.","South Africa has also often been a leader in social issues, and now Archbishop Desmond Tutu has said that homophobia is, quote, \"A crime against humanity, and every bit as unjust as apartheid. \"","First of all, how's that playing on the home front?And secondly, you know, does it clash with some more traditional views that many people have?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Archbishop Desmond Tutu's statement that \"homophobia is a crime against humanity, and every bit as unjust as apartheid\" is not meant to be taken literally but rather it implies the severity of discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals.","questions":"What does Archbishop Desmond Tutu's statement on homophobia imply?","answer":"Severity."}
{"text":["And how do you do that?","Well, on the behavioral side, that means helping them go from being in this setting to open air and open - eventually open water. We would take them through a very careful process of getting used to the transport units, getting used to being on a crane and in a truck and then in a tank on the dock. Eventually, they might even take drives around Baltimore to get used to the idea that they're going to be mobile since they've have not done that before.","The other aspect is the physiological adaptation, and that's a very complex and laborious process. Every - all living organisms have a microbiome associated with them. That's all the microorganisms that live around us and on us - bacteria, fungus, spores, larvae, et cetera. Dolphins do too and, in fact, in seawater, it's quite present. And the water that they live in now, which is man-made saltwater, it's fairly sterile. And of course, the ocean is not sterile.","So we will go through a long process, once we've selected a site, that will begin to integrate that water into the water they live in here so that eventually, when they leave here, they will be in water that almost completely matches the water that they'll be moving to.","I gather, Mr.  Racanelli, you've known dolphins, worked with them in a sense, since you were a teenager."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The process of helping dolphins adjust to open water involves gradually introducing them to the same type of water they will encounter in the ocean, so that when they are released, they will be able to survive in the new environment.","questions":"How does the process of helping dolphins adjust to open water involve the water they will encounter in the ocean?","answer":"Survive"}
{"text":["Yeah.","You look ahead, and what do you see?Just life is going to be a kind of process of trying to figure out how to live on very reduced circumstances.","Yeah. And my grandparents raised me, and they did live through the Depression. And I've kind of gone back more and more to how they coped. I remember my grandmother telling me how they had to eat the kids' pet chickens for dinner.","Cutting back to two meals a day, that's two things, dire circumstances and also an enormous amount of self discipline."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Life is going to be a challenge due to reduced circumstances.","questions":"Which phrase describes the circumstances mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Reduced"}
{"text":["We're coming over the initial shock. It's a very strange situation to live in one of the wealthiest countries in the world. And we have been living in more luxury than almost any other nation on this planet, and now all of a sudden we find ourselves almost like beggars.","You talk about the swift difference between being so wealthy to now being in a totally different place. Is this what everyone - is the average person going through something like this?Or is this just a select few that went from being so wealthy to so not wealthy?","The general public here has been very, very well off. But now people that are starting to lose their jobs - hundreds of people that used to work in the banks have been losing their jobs recently. We know that a lot of companies are going to become bankrupt. We had almost no unemployment in the past years. We've been importing workers from Eastern Europe because we didn't have enough people to work in our companies.","So, how are people coping with this?Are they selling off their belongings?What are they doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite being one of the wealthiest countries, people are struggling to make ends meet.","questions":"Which country is struggling despite being one of the wealthiest?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Good to be with you, Scott.","Marked difference in tone between President Trump's comments that we just heard and the tweet he posted just after Judge Kavanaugh's testimony on Thursday - what happened?","You could say it was an incredible difference, Scott. Earlier in the week, the president had scoffed openly at Dr.  Ford's story. Now the president seems deeply impressed, calls her testimony very compelling. Some of this could be the different ways the president gets information. He apparently watched her on television. Or it could be about the different ways he communicates - on Twitter, on one hand, versus TV coming from the Oval Office. And as to which are his true feelings, as the president says, we'll have to see.","Reports are that, at any given time, 20 percent of U. S.  households were tuning in. And that, of course, doesn't count people who watched in airports, at work and public places. Used to be, we all tuned in for moon landings. This week, it was for a symbolic event, that it's become for many, but also the story of two people and what happened one night in 1982."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : President Trump's tweet after Judge Kavanaugh's testimony contradicts his earlier comments","questions":"What was the percentage of U.S. households tuning in during the event?","answer":"Undefined"}
{"text":["Yeah, thank you.","So tell us what the article said.","Well, it's very interesting. It's in the Jesuit magazine La Civilta Cattolica. It's a very historic magazine, the Jesuits, of course, being the same order that Pope Francis - an order of priest that Pope Francis is a part of. And what's very interesting is that these two authors are known to be quite close to him. One, Antonio Spadaro, was the person who interviewed him in 2013 and made a big splash. And what they're saying is that they're concerned about ties between fundamental evangelicals and, kind of, right-wing Catholics in the U. S.  that are focused only on very neuralgic issues and kind of dividing in politics.","And the article, I believe, specifically talks about xenophobic and Islamophobic views.","Yeah. What the authors say is that, you know, Pope Francis has really been trying to create a culture of dialogue encounter, really working with people across all the spectrums. And what the two authors in this article are saying is that these right-wing groups in the U. S.  have been really doing the opposite. Where Pope Francis is trying to build bridges, they're trying to build walls. And they're playing up concerns about migration, about refugees. And they're kind of operating in the exact opposite way of the pope which, for a Catholic, is obviously a very strange thing.","All right, this article also directly mentions President Donald Trump and his adviser Steve Bannon. What does it say about them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Thank you\" - The literal meaning is an expression of gratitude or appreciation.","questions":"How did PersonA respond to PersonB's request to tell what the article said?","answer":"Yeah"}
{"text":["That's still not always easy, but that's a message that can succeed. If, however, you have a muddled message, if it seems like you're planning on having some retrenchment of a program for no good reason, you're not articulating a good and compelling reason to do it. That tends to be much, much worse.","There is a paradox. The Affordable Care Act has become popular, as we mentioned, but in the same polls when you ask people about Obamacare, they say that they don't like it. Now that Obama is out of office, are people paying more attention to the actual policy and its effect on their lives?","Well, what I'd say is that earlier on, I pointed out to the fact that if you look at surveys, you find that people say that the federal government should insure universal coverage. Now, of course, there are lots of ways to go about doing that. As for Obamacare in particular, it certainly has created some constituencies. But are there ways to change the law that would be broadly popular?I think the answer is yes.","But to do that, you'd really need to have a coherent, unified critique of Obamacare. And that's the big problem for Republicans because if you're looking at Republican objections to Obamacare, they've come from pretty much every direction. People have criticized it for all kinds of reasons that are oftentimes somewhat contradictory. And that means that you don't have a kind of common narrative about, what's the problem here that we're trying to solve?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Obamacare\" The actual meaning of this turn is not different from its literal meaning. It refers to the Affordable Care Act, which was signed into law by President Barack Obama in 2010.","questions":"What is the name of the act that is being referred to as \"Obamacare\"?","answer":"Affordable"}
{"text":["They do now. But in researching - doing research for the piece, I asked several of my colleagues. And it turns out that very few doctors actually do keep these kinds of lists. But subsequent to the report, actually, I learned of one physician who writes obituaries for his patients. He usually waits until some time has elapsed after the patient has died, and then he goes back and I think looks through their chart and actually writes his own obituary about the patient.","Does it help you see your patients as people to do this?","Absolutely because when I remember the patients that are on my list I think about their family members with whom I've interacted and, you know, what was involved in the suffering and illness as they approached the end of life.","Now that you've written this piece for the Shots blog and done this interview, are you prepared for the patient who says, I just don't want to wind up on your list?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is implying that through remembering the patients' stories, they are able to better understand their suffering and the impact of their illness. ","questions":"What is the impact of remembering patients' stories on the PersonA's understanding of their suffering and illness?","answer":"understanding"}
{"text":["Well, we think that the individual insurance markets need to be stabilized. There needs to be certainty. Right now, the insurance companies are putting together their plans for rating the 2018 insurance products, and they have no certainty from Congress regarding the support for insurance premiums for lower income people. Without knowing those, they don't know how to price their policies, and they're going to price them very high. So the bit - that's the biggest thing that needs to be addressed right now.","Dr.  Gurman, I move to ask you a question, both as a physician with a practice and the head of the AMA, how much time do you have to spend on matters that have nothing to do with medicine?","Well, unfortunately, a lot. We know from doing detailed studies where we actually follow doctors and minute to minute with a stopwatch find out what they're doing. The doctors are spending less than half of their time actually taking care of patients. So it's a big problem.","And how would you reduce that bureaucracy, though?Because, you know, bureaucracies run on (laughter) run on a paper trail in a sense."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A: The speaker implies that doctors are spending a significant amount of time on non-patient care activities, which is a major problem in the medical industry.","questions":"Which industry is facing a major problem according to the speaker in turn 2? (Answer: Medical industry)","answer":"medical"}
{"text":["Well, AIG was a very big and successful insurance company. It did well in insurance products. But it got into a lot of trouble by selling very complex financial products, which, as you know, have lost huge amounts of money because of the housing downturn.","Now, in September, when conditions for the company were getting pretty bad, the Federal Reserve agreed to loan AIG $85 billion. In exchange, it took some stock in the company as collateral. The idea was that, you know, the loan would sort of tide AIG over while it sold off assets. But it's been very hard to sell anything because of the credit crunch.","So, meanwhile, the interest payments were piling up. AIG said it lost 25 - almost $25 billion last quarter. So, this morning, the government said it was going back to the drawing board and trying to work out something else. It's really an admission that the efforts so far haven't worked.","So, how much money is this new plan going to involve, and where exactly is it going to be coming from?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"going back to the drawing board\" - refers to starting over with a new plan or approach.","questions":"Which phrase in turn 2 refers to starting over with a new plan or approach?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Holocaust survivors who lost property in Warsaw now have six months to reclaim it. But a new Polish law says that people who don't come forward by that deadline will not receive any compensation. The city will assume permanent ownership of their property. The World Jewish Restitution Organization has put together a database to help people track down their property. Gideon Taylor is the chair of operations for the organization. And he joins us now from New York. Mr.  Taylor, thanks for being with us.","Thank you.","And what kind of property is listed?","So it's a mixture of buildings and empty plots. Warsaw was a thriving Jewish community. It was actually the second-largest Jewish community after New York before the Holocaust. And so there's a range of buildings and assets that were - originally belonged to Jews in what was a thriving, bustling Jewish community."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :   The Warsaw Jewish community was very prosperous before the Holocaust, but many of its assets were taken away from their rightful owners and now survivors have the opportunity to reclaim them.","questions":"What kind of assets originally belonged to Jews in the Warsaw Jewish community?","answer":"Range"}
{"text":["Well, one of the species that - or one of the challenges that's called out in this report are declines in the populations of pollinators around the world - so birds and bats and bees, quite literally. In the United States and Europe, they're declining by about 40%. In most of the rest of the world, we don't have good data to know how much they're declining. But about a half a trillion dollars a year - trillion with a T - in agricultural products depend on those pollinators. So you can do things in your own backyard to make them pollinator friendly, to plant the right kind of plants and grasses and flowers that those species of bees and birds depend on and not use pesticides that harm them.","Obviously there's a clock running, though. I mean, time is short.","Everything - well, the challenge is we need to do it. We need to do it now. And we need to do sort of everything at once. One of the cheapest, most readily available and cost-effective things that we can do to both solve the biodiversity crisis and the climate crisis is, first, stop deforestation and, second, restore forests and then, third, change our agricultural practices to increase soil carbon and soil health. And the interesting thing is that can actually increase productivity to feed a hungry world and make our agriculture more resilient to climate change. So the point is there are a bunch of things where nature is actually the best solution provider to the climate crisis if we manage it right.","Andrew Deutz is the international director of government relations at The Nature Conservancy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Capitalizing the T in trillion just makes it important.","questions":"What letter is capitalized in trillion?","answer":"T"}
{"text":["Right. You have this really shocking statistic in your article where you say that personal consumption amounts to 70 percent of the American economy.","Yeah, that's right. Basically, we are the engine of our own economy. And for far too long apparently, we've just been swiping our Visa cards willy nilly and pumping up this economy. The worry is that when we stop doing that, which is what's happening, our economy is going to sag.","So you went out to see if it was sagging. You went to the Mall of America. What did you find?","The most ambitious mall in the United States, the mall that is doing the most to put you in the fugue state that allows you to spend. They're up against it at the Mall of America. What I found was a lot of people who weren't shopping all that much and a lot of people that were counting their pennies in a way that they never had before."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Personal consumption is the key driver of the American economy, and if people stop consuming, the economy will suffer.","questions":"How much of the American economy is driven by personal consumption?","answer":"70"}
{"text":["Hurricane Dorian is pounding the Carolinas. Parts of downtown Charleston are already flooded. It has weakened since it hit the Bahamas as a Category 5 storm. At least 20 people are confirmed dead there, and that number is expected to rise as recovery efforts are just beginning. Parts of the Abaco Islands in the Bahamas are destroyed.","Alex Cepero stayed in the Abacos town of Marsh Harbour, thinking he could ride out the storm with his two dogs, but Hurricane Dorian destroyed his home while he was still inside of it. And I want to warn listeners that this is a wrenching story. Alex, thank you for talking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","You're welcome.","First of all, are you OK?Were you injured or hurt during the storm?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Hurricane Dorian caused extensive damage and loss of life.","questions":"How did Hurricane Dorian impact the Abaco Islands?","answer":"Destroyed"}
{"text":["Christmas integration.","Multi-ethnic Christmas celebration. You know, the biggest thing that my parents did was to raise my sister and I in a very diverse neighborhood. It's really, really important, if you're going to adopt a kid that's a different race, to have neighbors that look like that kid.","You know, the study that came out I think is scaring people in thinking that you're going to have to through like a two year master program to learn how to have black kids, if you're white parents. And it's honestly, you could probably knock it out in two hours. It's really not that difficult, there's a few things that you should know. And bringing your kids up in a diverse neighborhood is the most important of that.","And then, you know, if you have friends that are the same race of your kids, you just, you ask them for questions, and it's helpful to have them as a resource, it's something you definitely want to keep next to you when you're raising your kids."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : You can probably complete the task in two hours not that you can knock it out. ","questions":"Which task can be completed in two hours?","answer":"Task"}
{"text":["But turning 70, that's got to be a bit of a shock.","No, it isn't. Really, I keep wondering what everybody's amazed about it. You know, I feel excited the same as I did when I was 37 and that has carried on pretty much the same all those years. I feel no difference at all. Somebody's told me, or I heard in the radio or something, someone said that Mark Twain said age is a case of mind over matter. If you don't mind, it doesn't matter. So I just amble merrily forward. I don't care. I don't hide my age. I think hiding you age is a bit as sensible as acting(ph) your street number.","Well, acting, let's go to that for just a moment. I want to ask you about that Dustin Hoffman movie where. . .","That was a smooth maneuver."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Age is just a number and doesn't define how one feels","questions":"Which word does PersonA use to describe his feelings towards turning 70?","answer":"Excited."}
{"text":["It's been an exciting year for developments in space. Just earlier this week, SpaceX successfully landed a 15-story tall section of one of their rockets back on Earth. And joining me to discuss what's been going on off our planet during 2015 is NPR science correspondent Geoff Brumfiel. So explain exactly what happened that a part of the rocket returned.","In some sense, this was just another rocket launch for SpaceX. You know, they sent 11 communication satellites into orbit. What really makes this special is what happened to the big first stage of the rocket. Now, normally this would just fall back to Earth. But this time, SpaceX flipped it around and then flew it back to near the launch site and actually landed it. They fired the engines a second time and it sort of floated down onto the pad. It was pretty spectacular to watch.","The space pad looks big when you're looking at it on the Earth. But from space, it must be a tiny dot.","Yeah, I mean SpaceX describes it as trying to shoot a pencil over the Empire State Building, have it turn around and land in a shoebox vertically. That's how hard this is."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - \"Shoot a pencil over the Empire State Building, have it turn around and land in a shoebox vertically\" - This phrase is used to illustrate how difficult the task of landing a rocket is, as it would be almost impossible to do so in reality.","questions":"Which phrase is used to demonstrate the difficulty of landing a rocket?","answer":"Impossible"}
{"text":["The regulations and the oversight that was put in place was relatively minimal because this was going to be such a small endeavor. It was going to be a small-scale experiment for 100 schools. Well, guess what?We have 1,300 charter schools today. And we have a law that doesn't actually account for the scale of that.","That's LA Times reporter Anna Phillips. She's been investigating loopholes in California's charter school system. What she discovered is a fragmented and decentralized regulating system. In Los Angeles, Phillips encountered a case in which a wealthy Beverly Hills couple made millions of dollars by simply turning to a different school district whenever their charter schools came under scrutiny.","These charter schools had been set up as nonprofits that were publicly funded. But if you looked right kind of on the outskirts of them, the couple that had started them had essentially created a series of businesses or nonprofits that were doing business with their own schools. So for instance, this couple rented a lot of their own properties they owned. They were their own landlords.","They owned buildings that then they rented to the schools, so they were getting that income.","Exactly. And there were other ways they were getting income. The woman who ran these schools, her husband was hired on as a project manager for about $500,000 to oversee the construction of a new campus. When they wanted to bring in cafeteria meals for their students, they hired one of their own organizations. So this was public money that was coming into these schools, but the couple that ran them was financially benefiting from it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"essentially created a series of businesses or nonprofits that were doing business with their own schools\" - The literal meaning of this sentence is that the couple established other organizations that had financial ties to their charter schools. However, the implied meaning is that they may have been using these organizations to divert public funds into their own pockets.","questions":"How did the wealthy Beverly Hills couple financially benefit from their charter schools?","answer":"businesses"}
{"text":["We were with addicts on the street as they were having encounters with law enforcement. We were in treatment centers with people trying to kick the addiction. There's this one phenomenal picture of five inmates. They're all pregnant and being let in to get their methadone and things like that. We were in in drug courts, where people were being dealt with by the criminal justice system.","I think one of the reasons that it's gotten so much attention is because of the spareness with which we report it. We just report anecdote after anecdote after anecdote after anecdote over seven days. And anybody who reads it cannot come away without understanding how deep and how pernicious and how totally involving of our society this epidemic is.","Are there things that happen in Cincinnati every day that people walk past that you wanted to use this opportunity to share with?","Well, yes, I mean, in the sense that we wanted people to understand that this is going on all around them. Heroin is not a demographic or racial or any socioeconomic status - however you want to put it - drug. Its terrible reach is universal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The drug epidemic is pervasive and affects people from all walks of life.","questions":"How would you describe the reach of the drug epidemic?","answer":"universal"}
{"text":["Yeah, that was easy. Planet Fitness was the best job actually because I could do my little squats behind the desk. There was always time to just like mess around and just do whatever.","But Uber seems like that would offer a lot of storytelling possibilities.","Oh, my gosh, it did.","Do you think we'll find some of that in your songs at some point?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Uber job was interesting and provided inspiration for songwriting","questions":"What job did PersonA find inspiring for songwriting?","answer":"Uber"}
{"text":["One last, I think, pretty blunt question we've got in 40 seconds left - why is President Trump more critical of Alec Baldwin than he is of Vladimir Putin on this week when Putin shows an animated video of Russian missiles smacking Florida?","I, you know - I think if you look at the President Trump style with ISIS as an example - he doesn't like to tip his hand. He was critical of the last administration by declaring departure dates, and so forth and things going on in the Middle East. And I think he's been tougher on Russia and Vladimir Putin than any other administration, at least the last two.","Really?","And so I would say, stay tuned to that. He's pretty predictable in that way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A suggests that Trump's behavior is predictable in certain ways.","questions":"Which aspect of Trump's behavior is predictable according to A?","answer":"Behavior"}
{"text":["Yes. (Laughter). I suppose you're right. I mean, that may follow. But I. . .","(Laughter).",". . . Wanted to explore a masculine archetype. And that's what Daddy is. He is larger than life. He's almost too big to exist. He's straight out of mythology. He's very strong and reassuring, and he sticks by his children, et cetera. But he's also - you know, he's got this troubled streak. This sort of - this violence in him. He's entirely defined by his body, his physicality, his strength. And Cathy arrived, saying, actually, what happens when these ideals are instilled in someone who doesn't inhabit the right physicality?Or she's somebody who has a very similar temperament to her father, but she doesn't have his strength. And she's a girl. And how does she stitch together those dual identities?","Yeah. There is - not to give too much away, but there's an act of violence in the book in which a woman takes a man's life. She sees it as her only way to survive. And I have to ask if recent events and recent debates and soul searching we've had in both our countries makes the scene even more telling."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the literal meaning is that the interviewer asks if recent events and debates make a scene in a book more significant.","questions":"Which scene in the book is being discussed in turn 3?","answer":"Act-of-violence"}
{"text":["Well, that's a big part of the checkout of the - what we're doing for the first month or so is just going through and sort of systematically checking out each part of the rover, all of the science instruments, the basic mobility, capability, the arm, the different pieces just to make sure everything is okay after the voyage to Mars.","And then we'll start doing the science mission and really, in earnest, you know, start exploring the area around Bradbury's Landing. It's - in the case of ChemCam, we also get the benefit with the laser that we were actually able to do some early science measurements, as well. And so, as part of the checkout, we got science data in addition.","Do you have a rock in mind that you want to zap in earnest?","We did, yeah. Well, we actually zapped pretty much the area right around where the rover landed. And it's actually interesting to the scientists because the plume of the rocket engines actually, sort of, scoured out an area on both sides of the rover, which normally Mars is covered, all the surface area is covered, with a lot of dust."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It implies the inspection of all necessary equipment that was used for the voyage to Mars.","questions":"How was the checkout process conducted for the rover?","answer":"Systematically"}
{"text":["No. But what about the misinformation campaign that we keep discovering more about, hacking, what seems to be just a lot of Russian involvement on a lot of different fronts?Why - what is the Russian interest in causing unrest or consternation in the United States or Western Europe?","Well, actually, I think that causing unrest and consternation is an end in itself. And part of it - part of the goa; is psychological. You know, all of us are interested in seeing our worldviews affirmed. And Russia's worldview - the Russian - the contemporary Russian ideology is that the whole world is rotten. Everybody is corrupt. Everything is for sale. Elections and the United States are just as rigged as they are in Russia. And so sowing the kind of disruption that Russia is sowing first and foremost pursues the goal of affirming that view.","Much of your book is devoted to the stories of four Russians who'd hoped that when the Soviet Union came undone, free speech and democracy would take hold. What happened instead?","Well, actually, those four Russians were much too young to hope for anything when the Soviet Union collapsed. They were preschoolers or kindergarteners when the Soviet Union collapsed. But what happened - and I was interested in them because they came of age - you know, they - or they became human beings in the 1990s, a period that is variously portrayed as a flowering of democracy or as a period of chaos and, you know, robber barons and that sort of thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) implies that Russia's goal is to promote a worldview that everything is corrupt and that its tactics are meant to psychologically influence others;","questions":"How is Russia's contemporary ideology portrayed according to A?","answer":"Corrupt"}
{"text":["And now it's letter time. Our editor Sasa Woodruff is here with me. Hey, Sasa.","Hey, Farai. How's it going?","I am doing great. So what are folks saying this week?","Well as you can imagine, we got some letters about our economy coverage. On a Bloggers' Roundtable last week, we discussed reports that some were blaming the mortgage crises on African-Americans and other minorities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Some readers expressed concerns about the coverage of the economy","questions":"Which topic was discussed on the Bloggers' Roundtable?","answer":"economy"}
{"text":["A lesser option would be to set up a no-sailing zone around the tankers.","General Deptula, thank you. We have to leave it there. That's Dave Deptula.","Thank you so much for your time. We appreciate it.","All right. Take care, Mary Louise."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A suggests a more extreme option than setting up a no-sailing zone","questions":"Which option does PersonA suggest that is more extreme than setting up a no-sailing zone?","answer":"unknown"}
{"text":["Yeah, so in the final bend, Maximum Security drifted wide into another horse's lane. That caused a domino effect, disrupting the progress of three other horses. Country House's jockey, Flavien Prat, was the one who filed the objection after the race. So three stewards, which are basically, like, referees, reviewed the footage and interviewed the affected jockeys. Eventually, steward Barbara Borden gave a brief statement saying that they unanimously decided to disqualify Maximum Security, then walked away without taking any questions.","Wow, it sounds like a political conference. All right. Has anything like this ever happened before?","So one other horse was stripped of his title after the fact. That was because he essentially failed a drug test back in 1968. But no, this - this was a first. And the outcome of this year's Derby was just so unpredictable. The original horse couldn't even compete. And the second favorite, Maximum Security, lost even though he crossed the finish line first.","All right, so give us the story with Country House briefly. His trainer is named Bill Mott. Did you hear from him?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It was not dominoes but horses that began to fall in the race.","questions":"Which event caused a \"domino effect\" in the race?","answer":"Drifted"}
{"text":["Perhaps the most interesting part of it is the number of loose ends that we have. On one hand, Secretary Pompeo said there was no doubt Iran was responsible for the whole thing. And he listed a whole series of things that he said Iran had been doing, one of which was apparently an unknown militia in Iraq and the other was action by the Taliban in Afghanistan.","So maybe Iran really was responsible for the attacks on the tankers. But I think the fact that Pompeo chose to blame them for absolutely everything that's going on in the region that we don't like is a pretty good indication that the United States really is on a kind of propaganda campaign against Iran. But that doesn't solve the problem.","I was going to ask about the Iran side of this. So just, you know, for the sake of argument, what would Iran's motive be - if these attacks detected - what would be their motive?","As I say, I'm not doubting too much that Iran had a hand in this thing. Their motive is I think quite clear. We are in the middle of a signaling process that is going on. The United States is actually cracking down on Iran so that, basically, Iran not only can't sell oil. It can't sell its refined products. And, increasingly, Iran's closed out of international markets for just about anything that they produce."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Assuming that Iran is responsible for the attack.","questions":"Which country is undergoing a crackdown by the United States, resulting in its inability to sell oil and refined products?","answer":"Iran"}
{"text":["Are they willing to let people die over that principle?","Oh, no. No, you don't - but to who - and that's such an interesting - I love that you got right to the college dorm part of the argument, you know - are you going to let people die?No one's going to let people die. You know, there's talk about - oh, my gosh, the Trump budget cuts Meals on Wheels. Meals on Wheels gets 3 percent of its funding, approximately, from government sources. Ninety-seven percent is people want to take care of their neighbors.","I. . .","People are not going to let their neighbors die."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Are they willing to let people die over that principle?","questions":"Which principle is being referred to in turn 0?","answer":"principle"}
{"text":["I think both can be true. I think - look. It's outrageous that there's an invoice. But it's not new. The invoice was not given lately. It was given to Special Representative Yun when he went to North Korea to collect Otto Warmbier. And at that point, when you're giving that invoice, you sign, and you leave. So it's not new. That's one. Second, it's not unique, either. When. . .","It's not unique to negotiations with North Korea or. . .","Correct - North Korea specifically.","North Korea specifically has a habit of this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : North Korea has a history of engaging in this type of behavior during negotiations.","questions":"What does North Korea have a history of during negotiations?","answer":"Behavior"}
{"text":["They knocked on the door once. And they knocked - barged into his fifth-floor flat and found the two of them in bed together. So that was the impetus to get a case of adultery against my mother.","Helen was forced to give baby James up to be raised by John Graham, who then divorced her. Father Sullivan was dragged back to his religious order. Graham says Sullivan spent the next 16 years being quote, \"rehabilitated\" at what was known as a priest prison in Essex, N. Y.  Can I ask you, when you look at the church now and that it took so long to get this answer, what do you think about the way this was handled?","Well, it was handled poorly because they could have told me from day one, yes, your Father Sullivan's son. And I have some documents that show my father had a relationship with a woman. Other documents they said were purged. And I believe those documents were about me. They didn't have to put me through this emotional trauma of exhuming his body. It's just terrible.","Now that you have your answer, what's next for you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He was forced to go back to the church under protest and resistance from himself.","questions":"What was the reason for Father Sullivan's return to the church?","answer":"Adultery"}
{"text":["Finally, Mike, the Super Bowl is usually one huge party. But given the current economy, do you think it'll be as big of a celebration?","Officially, they give figures that are absolutely impossible to check about how much the Super Bowl adds to the economy. $300 million is one of the official totals. But I've read different economists saying the impact on a local economy is very small. And I have informally talked to some limo drivers and talked to some people who work in hotels. And they said, you know, a year ago, if you told them the Super Bowl was going to be here, they would've thought they'd all be booked up by now. But you can still get a limo maybe on Friday and Saturday, maybe not Sunday going to the game.","So it does - and another indication is that there used to be two huge parties sponsored by Playboy and Maxim, and Playboy is not having its party. So that's the economic indicator of this Super Bowl, that Playboy is not having its party.","NPR's Mike Pesca in Tampa, Florida for this weekend's Super Bowl. Thanks Mike."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  economy is not literally hit by the super bowl, but affected by it; booked up does not mean surrounded by books, but there are no hotel rooms available","questions":"What is the economic indicator of this Super Bowl?","answer":"Playboy"}
{"text":["I am deeply skeptical of that.","It's true, it's true. It's the - the analysis depends on the content of the air and the water in the specific place where your mother - the area where your mother was living when she was pregnant with you because that's the first bone that forms in your body as a part of the skull bone, apparently. Just as we can take a section of your thigh bone and that will give us a longitudinal picture of where you've been living for the last seven years.","Wow.","It's magic, isn't it?It's exactly those wild moments that I love, and there's a case in the book from - we were talking about insects earlier. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning behind (4) is not just an expression of admiration but also an invitation to explore and appreciate the wonders of the world.","questions":"Which turn invites exploration and appreciation of the wonders of the world?","answer":"3"}
{"text":["All right, Lanny, final question, and got to keep this tight. Is it smart or fair for him to stay as the head of Ways and Means?","It's absolutely smart and fair, so long as he's willing to accept the judgment on the merits when the investigation is completed. Now, Congressman Boehner, the Republican minority leader, introduced a censure resolution when there are Republicans on the House Ethics Committee who haven't even had a chance to see the evidence. This is the same John Boehner who has admitted to handing out tobacco money on the floor of the House. That's who is jumping to conclusions, as Ken Spain has done. And by the way, even in your case, there is a difference between indictment and conviction. You can indict a ham sandwich. I wrote a column that said Ted Stevens is an innocent man until he's proven guilty. Well, so is Charles Rangel. We've turned over everything we're going to to the Ethics Committee. We asked the Ethics Committee to investigate Congressman Rangel. Now we have our forensic investigator who's reporting to the Ethics Committee, and then we're going to publish everything, including 20 years of tax returns, and abide by the Ethics Committee judgment. Only Republicans desperate to change the subject as to what has happened in this economy over eight years of Republican gross negligence. . .","All right, Lanny.","Is the word that I heard used, would focus on Charlie Rangel rather than what's going on in mainstream America today."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"You can indict a ham sandwich.\" - This turn of phrase is an idiom and does not have a literal meaning. It means that a prosecutor can secure an indictment, or formal accusation of a crime, against anyone, even if the evidence is weak or lacking. The turn of phrase is used to emphasize that the indictment alone does not prove guilt.","questions":"How does the turn of phrase \"indict a ham sandwich\" relate to the concept of guilt?","answer":"neutrally"}
{"text":["So for example, you - there is a - one kind of solution perhaps that could work to stop jihadist mass killings, another kind of solution that could work to stop mass killings involving mental illness. And then with some like the Los Vegas shooting, where we still mysteriously don't have a motive, you know, you're more in the dark as to what could have been done in that particular case.","Jeannie Gaffigan, the comedy writer and producer who has been publicly battling a brain tumor and happens to be a person of faith, this week tweeted, I'm living proof that prayer works. She's feeling better now. But it also takes enormous effort along with prayer, sometimes a lifetime of struggle and dedication. Do you agree with that?","Oh, absolutely. I believe - you know, there's a scriptural principle that faith without works is dead. In other words, you should pray and you should act. But I think the main criticism that many of these Twitter activists are offering is that they're saying, don't say thoughts and prayers. Say what I want you to say. And in a political environment where there's sharp polarization and very different ideas about how to respond to a crisis, that's just never going to happen. And besides, what use is an activist tweet anyway?","David French of National Review, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies that there is a disagreement between A who is a religious person and the Activists who have different opinions about how faith works.","questions":"How does PersonA believe faith should be accompanied according to the statement?","answer":"Act"}
{"text":["A lawsuit was filed this week in federal court on behalf of a man who moved from Puerto Rico to Southeast Georgia in 2017. He applied for a driver's license after waiting at the required 30 days. The man, Kenneth Caban Gonzalez, says that an inspector from the Georgia Department of Driver Services confiscated his documents and asked him a number of trivia questions such as, who is Roberto Clemente, and what is the name of the frog native only to Puerto Rico?He alleges he also asked trick questions such as, where is Caguas beach?There is no beach in Caguas.","The lawsuit accuses the state of violating the Civil Rights Act by holding residents of Puerto Rico to more stringent requirements than it does transplants from other U. S.  states. The advocacy group Latino Justice is litigating the case along with the Southern Center for Human Rights. And with us now is Gerry Weber. He's a senior attorney at the Southern Center.","Welcome. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The state of Georgia has unequal requirements for residents of Puerto Rico.","questions":"What state is accused of violating the Civil Rights Act by holding residents of Puerto Rico to more stringent requirements than it does transplants from other U.S. states?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["And he loved to call it the prolate spheroid. But I guess it didn't catch on. But he was also - he was one of the scariest coaches because one of his lines in his pep talks was, it is better to have died as a small boy than to fumble the football.","Oh.","So, yeah, basically tough love without the love part.","And I understand Edgar Allen Poe has a role in developing modern football?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker uses the phrase \"tough love without the love part\" to describe the coaching style of a certain coach. The literal meaning of \"tough love\" is a disciplinary strategy that involves both love and strictness. However, in this context, the speaker implies that the coach is only using the strictness part of \"tough love\" without the caring and supportive part.","questions":"How would you describe the coaching style of the certain coach mentioned in turn (2)?","answer":"Disciplinary"}
{"text":["So I'm just going to put myself out. Ask me a question.","OK, I'll be nice.","\"Everybody Hates Chris\" star Terry Crews was drafted by what NFL team?So you have four options. Let me give those to you, the Redskins, the Eagles, the Chargers, or the Rams.","Oh, man. I am laughing here because I am so sports illiterate. I have no clue. I cannot even guess. But I will say that I was on the dance floor with Terry Crews last night at one of the BET parties, and he knows how to move and so does his wife. But I'm completely - I'll say the Redskins, I don't know."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B doesn't know the answer to the question and is making a random guess","questions":"What is Terry Crews' profession?","answer":"Actor"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","And I said - I said, yeah, buddy, I'm everywhere.","He was a longtime customer of mine who hadn't realized that I had left the shop.","Well, what was the path from you looking into the hoods of cars to under the - into the insides of people?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He jokes to the person that he can be seen and found everywhere all the time.","questions":"Which customer?","answer":"Customer"}
{"text":["It's out of sight. It's really high. We have actual concentrations and standards that are somewhere like four, five times lower than that. So, these are all very, very high numbers, even when they're low on the Chinese scale.","It sounds as though you could project things ahead for the beginning of the Olympics. What would you expect?","Well, it's pretty good right now. But I've just been looking at the extended forecast for winds, and the middle of next week, things are going to change quite radically, around the 3rd or the 4th. The big high-pressure system from out over the Pacific is going to kick in, and that's going to produce strong winds coming over the polluted areas to the south of Beijing, and it's going to pick up a lot of pollution. And according to these forecasts, it's going to be a pretty dirty end of next week. And unfortunately, that coincides with the Opening Ceremonies a week from today.","Ken, these are official Chinese numbers that you're working with, and you are sitting there in Rhode Island looking at these. Are the numbers trustworthy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"It sounds as though you could project things ahead for the beginning of the Olympics.\" - This does not literally mean that the speaker can hear a sound that suggests the ability to predict things for the Olympics. It implies that the speaker believes the person they are talking to has the ability to make predictions about the beginning of the Olympics.","questions":"What does turn 1 imply about the PersonA's belief in the person they are talking to?","answer":"Belief"}
{"text":["Oh.",". . . You know, for the courts to go through. And maybe this issue will come all the way to the Supreme Court. Car companies, they need at least five years certainty to design a car, and they don't have that. So unless there is an agreement with California, they're going to find themselves dealing with uncertainty, which means, you know, lack of stability for the industry as a whole. It's pretty bad for the companies.","To what degree, is it your impression, automakers see the reduction of pollution as part of their responsibility in this country now?","Well, you know, clearly, what they will tell you is that they care about climate change. But also, they're worrying about competitiveness. Back in 2012, when we set the standards for cars, the U. S.  was ahead of every other country. China is doing better than us now and so is Europe. So companies realize that the way forward is to invest on advanced technologies, like electric vehicles. And if they don't, they're going to stay behind, and they're going to lose the competitiveness in the marketplace."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Car companies need at least five years certainty to design a car, but without an agreement with California, they will have to deal with uncertainty, which means instability for the industry as a whole.","questions":"Which state's agreement is referred to in turn 1?","answer":"California."}
{"text":["I assume, Sean, you're not going to have anyone there kind of pulling in the CNN-type touchscreen - pulling up results from various provinces. When might we get a really solid indication of who the next president of Afghanistan will be?","You're right. It is going to take some time here. We should start to get some basic, preliminary results in the coming days. But the actual count won't be completed until April 20. But once that's released, there's going to be several weeks of challenges, and a period where another body evaluates fraud and complaints and challenges from candidates. And May 14th is when the final, certified results of today's vote will actually be released. And most analysts are convinced that there's no chance any of the candidates will get more than 50 percent of the vote today, which means the top two candidates will go to a runoff, probably to be held sometime in June; meaning, we're looking at sometime late summer, early fall, actually, before we know who the next president of Afghanistan's going to be.","NPR's Sean Carberry in Kabul. Thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Thanks so much\" is not meant literally but figuratively as an expression of gratitude.","questions":"How was the expression \"Thanks so much\" meant?","answer":"Gratitude"}
{"text":["Yes, yes.","Carla. And they record a song.","OK. Things are starting to click here clearly. What does that recording say about where Stax was going?","Stax is picking up the sound of the street and embracing it. And even though these are white people and black people making the record, there's none of the strife that's outside the door."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn (4) has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning is that Stax is capturing the sound of the street and that the racial tensions outside are not affecting the recording, the implied meaning is that Stax is bridging the racial divide and bringing people of different races together through music.","questions":"How is Stax bridging the racial divide?","answer":"Music"}
{"text":["Well, I don't (laughter) know if it's going to be forever unique in that way. We have this evidence now of President Trump making calls along these lines. And you get a lot of - I got a lot of criticism. Sometimes for being too soft, sometimes for being too harsh. I'm banned from Russia by Vladimir Putin because we successfully prosecuted an international arms dealer named Viktor Bout. I was personally attacked by President Erdogan of Turkey because we prosecuted somebody that, you know, he had connections to in an indirect way.","I'm glad you mentioned Turkey's president. What happened in a different country, in a different system, when there was a prosecution of someone named Reza Zarrab, and it became a matter of political interest?","So Reza Zarrab was a gold trader, Iranian but also from Turkey, who was being prosecuted along with other folks in Turkey for various, you know, elements of misconduct. And those cases were made to go away because he was politically connected to two people who were close to Erdogan.","What did President Erdogan of Turkey do to make that case go away?","Well, he exercised his power in a country that doesn't have the same constitutional protections that America has. He relieved judges of their duty. He removed prosecutors from office. He shut down media outlets. And the case went away. Literally, the case was made to go away. Now, that is not something we've seen in this country and hopefully we'll never see in this country. And it's harder to accomplish in this country."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : President Trump did not make calls along lines but made calls that are similar to what is said.","questions":"Which president made calls along similar lines to what is said?","answer":"President"}
{"text":["Yeah.","There is still that love. There still that. . .","There absolutely is.",". . . Acceptance."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is trying to express that love still exists despite some setbacks","questions":"What does PersonB believe still exists despite setbacks?","answer":"Love"}
{"text":["Like, do they even know really how to describe it?","It's been heart-wrenching. You know, I'm a parent. I have a have an almost 3-year-old, and I, you know, had to try to interview some kids about that age over the last week and even kids a little bit older. One in particular who sticks out of my mind was a 7-year-old who, you know, I asked one question - who'd you come to the U. S.  with?She said, my aunt, and then she just broke down in tears and couldn't really say anything else.","The government is basically making the argument that they want to make sure that they connect kids with their proper legal guardians. I mean, is that in conflict with trying to protect them?","It is absolutely the government's responsibility above all to reunify kids with parents where that's appropriate and where that's in their best interest. What really worried me about speaking with kids on the border who had been held for, as I said, weeks in the Clint detention facility was that there has no evidence that anyone was making any efforts to reunify these kids with parents. I personally started tracking down parents where I could to connect them with their children. And in every case, they had had no idea where their child was, and no one had contacted them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker interviewed young children affected by the border crisis.","questions":"Which age group did the speaker interview?","answer":"Children"}
{"text":["Do we know what was in these emails?What were they about?","It was basically a whole range of emails - the fast-moving events of the Arab Spring, Afghanistan, the war in Syria. One person told me that emails in question were summaries of cell phone conversations with foreign ministers that wanted to get urgent messages passed along to Hillary Clinton. So, you know, remember, it's cell phone conversations, so not on a very secure line.","One key point to tease out here is that the material here was not classified at the time the emails were sent, right?They were - it was retroactively classified.","That's right, and that's the big question that a lot of these diplomats have. You know, they were a dinner conversation with a bunch of foreign officials or with a bunch of foreigners, and they were writing back to this. Why would that be classified now?And that's a question that a lot of these people are having - why they were retroactively classified. And by the way, I should mention that some were told that they were retroactively classified in 2015, 2016, before the Trump administration came to office. Others didn't know when theirs were retroactively classified."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The key point is made to make people want to learn more about what happened.","questions":"What was the purpose of the key point mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Intrigue"}
{"text":["So in 2006, a farmer named Shikharam Chaudhary was apprehended by forest rangers at Chitwan. They suspected him of helping his son bury a stolen rhinoceros horn in his backyard. So they took him back to the jail inside the park, and they interrogated him for a little over a week. And nine days later, Shikharam was dead.","Seven eyewitnesses in the jail said that he was being tortured. He was waterboarded. He was beaten and treated in really awful ways by the guards there. And as we found in our reporting, WWF stepped in. And they lobbied for the charges that were filed against the rangers in question to be dropped. And when they ultimately were, they celebrated the ruling.","So just so I understand, what is the link exactly between the actions of these rangers and the WWF?","So WWF funds, equips, trains and otherwise supports these forest rangers at national parks. Our investigation looked at six different countries in Africa and Asia. These forest rangers are employed by the government. But often there isn't that much money to make sure that they have supplies and training and everything else they need to do their job. So WWF often steps in to fill those gaps. And they provide them with everything from uniforms to cars to knives and riot gear and other things that can be used as weapons."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It tells about developed our nation and innovoted lot of things","questions":"Which nation does WWF support forest rangers in?","answer":"NOT-mentioned"}
{"text":["Hello.","Hello.","Now, the New York Times report that described your resignation in 1995 said that sources at the time said you had aroused opposition with your, quote, \"emphasis on reshaping Planned Parenthood into a broad health organization that could compete in the era of managed care\" - a focus that some of the group's affiliates felt would inevitably diminish their role as advocates for abortion rights and low-income women's access to health care.","Now, this week, in a letter explaining her ouster from Planned Parenthood, Dr.  Leana Wen said she had come to the organization to work on a broad range of health care issues but that, quote, \"the new board leadership has determined that the priority of Planned Parenthood moving forward is to double down on abortion rights advocacy. \"She's also said in an op-ed for The New York Times that she wanted to depoliticize abortion but that her approach seemed at odds with the direction the board wanted to go. What does this say about the trajectory of not just Planned Parenthood but also the abortion rights movement?","Certainly everybody would agree that reproductive rights are hanging the balance right now. It's a tough time, and there are two schools of thought. I think that the leadership at Planned Parenthood has to do what it thinks is right. I don't think there's a right or wrong. For my part, I would do what I did, you know, last time around."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Two \"schools' are not literal schools. The implication is there are two differing beliefs about how the organization should operate.","questions":"Which term is used metaphorically to describe the differing beliefs about how the organization should operate?","answer":"Schools"}
{"text":["Do the crime, do the time, that's the old line, right?But convicted perpetrators are still afforded basic human rights while serving out their debt to society. The Southern Center for Human Rights recently filed suit on behalf of a group of prisoners in Decatur, Alabama. The presiding judge describes the county jail as, quote, \"A Slave Ship. \"There, the sheriff is accused of starving his prisoners so he could pocket the profits off a lean kitchen budget. Joining us is Lisa Kung, the executive director of the Southern Center for Human Rights. Hi, Lisa.","Hi, how are you?","I'm good. So this case has just stunned people across the world. I couldn't believe it myself when I read about it. But I understand that there is a Depression-era law on the books that made this kind of profiteering legal. Tell us about the law and the details of the case.","Sure. That's right. Alabama has this arrangement where the state pays $1. 75 a day to the sheriffs - directly to the sheriffs for every person they have in his or her jail. Now, you and I know it's hard enough to come up with three meals a day for $1. 75, and what makes Alabama special is that it allows these sheriffs to take any of the money that they don't spend on food and put it straight into their own pocket."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It is difficult to provide three meals a day with $1.75, and sheriffs can keep the leftover money for personal use","questions":"Which law made the profiteering legal in Alabama?","answer":"Depression-era"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me with you.","So, let's start with what exactly they are.","Okay. Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors. They're growth of muscle within the uterine wall. And sometimes they can be the size of a dime, and because of their location, they give you severe symptoms. And rarely, they can get to be the size of a basketball before they're recognized.","That's sounds pretty horrific.","It can be. It's amazing how much difficulty they can give to women that, in general, women can have severe menstrual bleeding - the kind of bleeding that keeps you home from work or keeps you from being able to do your daily activities - or they can press on a lot body structures. And they are very common, and it's surprising that so few women know that they have fibroids and that their symptoms may be related to them.","Now, research shows that about 25 percent of women in America are going to show some symptoms of fibroids, but they occur a lot more often in black women than white women. How much more often and why do scientists think that is?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : It can be. It's amazing how much difficulty they can give to women that, in general, women can have severe menstrual bleeding - the kind of bleeding that keeps you home from work or keeps you from being able to do your daily activities - or they can press on a lot body structures. And they are very common, and it's surprising that so few women know that they have fibroids and that their symptoms may be related to them. Implicated meaning: Providing additional information about the severity of symptoms associated with fibroids and expressing surprise about the lack of awareness among women about their condition.","questions":"How common are fibroids among women?","answer":"Structures"}
{"text":["Thank you very much for having me.","Can you describe the scene for us in Sana'a now?","The situation in Sana'a at the moment is very insecure and unpredictable. It's very scary, obviously, because the airstrikes come at any time. And now with the fuel crisis that's going on, Yemen is a country that is basically based all its - basics let's say from importing - the food, the fuel, the wheat - everything comes importing and talking about the main things that would allow the people to be alive. And now at the borders - the blockade in the borders - this is creating a huge catastrophe that is ahead of us at the moment.","Oxfam had been pushing to end the fighting, at least to get these shipments into the country. Are you worried about future shipments?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Can you describe the scene for us in Sana'a now?\" - The literal meaning is asking the interviewee to provide a verbal description of the current situation in Sana'a. The actual meaning may also imply that the interviewer wants to get a firsthand account of the situation from someone who is there.","questions":"Which organization had been pushing to end the fighting?","answer":"Oxfam"}
{"text":["Good morning, Scott.","Please give us a fill - so much going on in the Mueller investigation this week.","Well, you know, it seemed like there was Mueller news pretty much every day this week, Scott. On Friday, we learned that Trump's chief financial officer, Allen Weisselberg, has been subpoenaed in the Mueller probe. Now, this is a man who has the keys to the kingdom, if anyone does. We also got a list of 35 witnesses who are expected to be called in the trial of Paul Manafort. Now, that's Trump's 2016 campaign manager. He is accused of money laundering and deceiving the U. S.  government. That trial was delayed until next week. But we do expect this is going to be the new refocusing of the Mueller probe in the days ahead.","Also this week, CNN reported that Michael Cohen - that's the former attorney for the president - is ready to testify that Trump knew about that June 2016 meeting with Manafort and Donald Jr.  and some Russians offering dirt on Hillary Clinton. And we also learned that Putin and the president will not meet in September because they want to wait until after the Mueller probe is over. So they're planning to exchange visits to each other's capital city next year."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is asking for an update on the Mueller investigation.","questions":"How many witnesses are expected to be called in the trial of Paul Manafort?","answer":"35"}
{"text":["But shouldn't you at least offer the people you're polling the option of checking that box as one of the issues?","In terms of?","Of, you know, as climate change or renewable energy, things like that. The choice is not even offered on the sheet of things that you - that is on your radar screen.","Yeah. Well, this is actually a really important point, is that when you look at - and I'll just come back to media coverage as an example. You know, for most people, this is an issue that's invisible. I mean, you can look out your window right this moment, and there's CO2 pouring out of tailpipes, out of smokestacks, out of buildings, but you can't see it, and likewise you can't see the impacts unless you know where to look. In fact, the only way most Americans even know about this issue is because of what they've learned about it in the media. They're not reading the peer-reviewed literature. They don't know scientists personally. They're learning about it through the media. And when the media doesn't report this issue, it's literally out of sight and out of mind."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"on your radar screen\" - This is also a figurative expression meaning something that is being monitored or tracked, rather than a literal radar screen.","questions":"Which expression is figurative?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["It was like a brick carriage house. Inside, there was just one room on the first floor and one room on the second floor, so it was an intimate house for a non-intimate family.","Her deep craving for intimacy would lead her to music. And it turns out the things Ani DiFranco wanted to say were exactly what a generation of women coming of age in the '90s wanted to hear.","(Singing) Squint your eyes and look closer. I'm not between you and your ambition. I am a poster girl with no poster. I am 32 flavors and then some.","Ani DiFranco talks about those early years in her new memoir. It's called \"No Walls And The Recurring Dream. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The house was small for the family living in it, despite having multiple floors.","questions":"What is the family's living condition?","answer":"Small"}
{"text":["He hasn't always fallen right in line with Trump by any means. He hasn't always fallen right in line with Trump by any means. He's been critical of Putin over some gas projects that he's been involved in. He's been critical of Putin over some gas projects that he's been involved in. But generally, he has held the Trump line. But generally, he has held the Trump line. So I think this is going to be interesting to go in. So I think this is going to be interesting to go in. He did have that one key moment in the text chain where he came in and clearly stated this was not quid pro quo but then suggested they get offline. He did have that one key moment in the text chain where he came in and clearly stated this was not quid pro quo but then suggested they get offline. So. . . So. . .","Right. Right.","So we'll see what happens once he jumps in there. So we'll see what happens once he jumps in there.","Are people following this in Portland?Are people following this in Portland?I mean, how are they reacting?I mean, how are they reacting?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"fallen right in line with\" implies to agree with. \"held the Trump line\" implies to agree with Trump's position. ","questions":"Which position did he mostly agree with?","answer":"Trump's"}
{"text":["Yeah. This is, again, completely innovative. You know, part of the problem that we have with tall buildings is building them all out of glass and then having to go to gymnastics to kind of cover them up on the outside, and we see that in America. But in intense solar environments like the desert, it makes even less sense.","This is an innovative way to control this. It actually, to my knowledge, for the first time creates this skin on the outside made up of, you know, hundreds of modules, which can open and close by computer control, depending on the angle of incident sun. So if the sun's on the other side of the building, the modules open up and allow natural daylight into the space. And if the sun is incident on the building, then those modules close up and block the sun from entering.","Is what makes a tall building great the ability to actually look like it fits in with the rest of the buildings in the neighborhood or the culture of the people?","I believe so. That's - you know, as a professor, that's the thing that I advocate. I believe that a Chinese tall building or a, you know, an American tall building or a Middle Eastern tall building should be different to each other in the same way that, you know, religious and other architecture is clearly identifiable."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"fits in with the rest of the buildings\" - This is a figurative expression that means to be harmonious with the surrounding architecture or cultural context, rather than literally fitting in like a puzzle piece.","questions":"How does the figurative expression \"fits in with the rest of the buildings\" relate to architecture?","answer":"Harmonious"}
{"text":["Thank you. Thanks for having me.","Now, the books were released on inauguration day. I don't know if that was significant or not. Tell us if it was and what inspired these collections?","Well, these collections I have been thinking about for a long time. I've been talking about it with my agent for sometime about doing something like this. The big fear was that, no publisher would be that interested in it because they wouldn't think the collection could be sustained over a period of time doing it every year. But Bantam believed it and so Bantam, we ultimately made a deal with Bantam to do it. The date wasn't really significant. I mean, the date turned out to be significant but we had set the date a long time before and we were just hoping that Obama would win so the date would really have some significance but it was all an accident. It turned out well though.","Now, you're going to - we've had anthologies before obviously. But the new thing about this anthology is that you're going to try to publish it annually. How difficult do you think that is likely to be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The publisher was not interested in the collections but Bantam believed it","questions":"What was the fear about the collection sustained over a period of time?","answer":"Sustained"}
{"text":["Well, that's how your muscles grow. And in this case, what we found was with the exercise, after very strenuous exercise of 20 minutes, we found a disappearance of the chemical tags from the DNA. And what this means is that it allowed other proteins' transcription factors to access the DNA, and this could instruct the cell to make specialized proteins that could support growth and metabolism.","Wow. Does it also explain why you lose your muscle tone if you don't exercise?","Well, we actually - we didn't study that.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implied meaning of turn (1) is that engaging in strenuous exercise leads to changes in DNA that enable the production of specific proteins necessary for muscle growth and metabolism. It implies that the process of muscle growth involves more than just physical strain.","questions":"What does the disappearance of chemical tags from DNPersonA after strenuous exercise allow?","answer":"Access"}
{"text":["Fungus Blues - I love it.","Fungus Blues.","And they fell in love. And, you know, my dad, he was trying to find another way of living other than the one that he was in.","(Singing) Hustle was your middle name when you were a young man.","What was it about his current way of living at the time that was dissatisfying?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : This statement implies that A's father is probably using his old age to hustle rather than to enjoy which he is not satisfied with.","questions":"What was PersonA's father's middle name?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["Well, when it first was set up - it was set up to run international finance. And we had a very tightly regulated system of exchange rates and countries - if they wanted to change their exchange rate, had to get permission from the IMF. And so that was - I mean, that's a very powerful role. And this is all countries, this is not just poor countries. And that whole system collapsed in the early 1970s. But since then, as financial crises have proliferated, the IMF has stepped in as the principal emergency doctor for countries in trouble and it tries to figure out how the country has to change its behavior so that its finances get put on a more sustainable basis.","Where did it get its money?","The best way of thinking of the IMF is it's like a credit union that countries put deposits into the IMF, and then the IMF uses those deposits to help countries in trouble. And it's got about 400 billion of deposits and another 400 to 500 billion of borrowings. And that gives it close to a $1 trillion, which it can then apply to helping the poorer members who've got themselves into trouble.","You visited a couple of IMF missions - how popular are they in countries where they've taken a major role?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The best way of thinking of the IMF is it's like a credit union that countries put deposits into the IMF, and then the IMF uses those deposits to help countries in trouble. - Implied meaning: Countries provide deposits to the IMF which can be used to help other countries in need.","questions":"Which countries provide deposits to the IMF?","answer":"Countries"}
{"text":["Many Brazilians are angry over millions of dollars that the country has invested in the World Cup and upcoming Olympic Games while millions still live in abject poverty. Yesterday, we asked Brazilian Foreign Minister Antonio Patriota about this issue.","Well, for the first time in our history, we are in the position to eliminate extreme poverty in Brazil, and this thanks to the social programs that were undertaken during the Lula government and now are being intensified and broadened. So Brazil is quickly evolving into a middle-class society. And I think there is a widespread view that they reflect aspirations by citizens who have benefited from rising living standards for improvements in their lives.","But let me renew the question.","On the sports issue, yes. It's not easy to succeed in bringing the World Cup, or the Olympic Games, to your country. And these campaigns, they were based on very widespread popular support. I think it's very important, also, to highlight that these big events are not an end in themselves. As foreign minister, I've been in touch with countries such as the United Kingdom or the Russian Federation, to ensure that the improvement in infrastructure and housing can be converted into urban improvements. Let's also remind ourselves that these big events generate employment. They will bring large number of tourists to Brazil. So, I think that the majority of Brazilian society sees the benefit in hosting these events. Now, if there are views that are critical, I think they deserve to be heard as well, to the extent that they are expressed in a peaceful manner."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker has some reservations or doubts about the situation being discussed.","questions":"Which question does the speaker attempt to renew in turn 2?","answer":"Sports"}
{"text":["And now to the Midwest, where heavy rainfall has made growing conditions tough for farmers. One crop in particular - corn - has been hit hard. According to the Department of Agriculture, this is the slowest start to the corn-planting season on record. To hear more about this, we've called Matt Boucher. He's a fourth generation farmer from Dwight, Ill. , where he grows corn as well as soybeans, wheat and cover crops. And in fact, we caught him out in the field, where he's trying to plant. Matt, welcome. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thanks for having us. Appreciate it.","Well, walk me through the season. What would normally have happened by now, and what has actually happened now?","Well, we're normally completed now. We're moving on to fertilizing corn and maintaining the weed pressures, you know, keeping the weeds out of the field. But right now it's just not the case. We're still planting and trying to get things in and might have some acres we're just not going to be able to get in, no matter what we do.","And why is that?It's just that the ground's been too wet or what?Why is that?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The corn planting season has been slow due to heavy rainfall.","questions":"What crop has been hit hard due to heavy rainfall in the Midwest?","answer":"Corn"}
{"text":["Prop 8 was voters saying that they do not want to allow same-sex marriages.","Yes, traditional marriage only. A federal appeals court struck that down. And if the Supreme Court takes that case, they then might be faced with a bigger question about: Is there a right to marry for gays and lesbians?My belief is they're going to put that off a while. They're going to decide this question about DOMA, and legally - and then put off a little while longer the question of what about all the other states where gay marriage is illegal.","And just briefly, David, we have the Voting Rights Act, a very important piece of legislation in this country that could come before the court, as well.","Absolutely. And it's also an old question. It goes back to the '60s. Since the '60s, the South has been under a sort of a special scrutiny. If they change their election laws in any way, they have to get a pre-clearance or an approval from Washington. It - that law is one of the great laws of the 20th century. It changed the South."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Supreme Court might consider legalizing same-sex marriage in the future","questions":"What was the topic of the federal appeals court decision?","answer":"DOMA"}
{"text":["And in talking to Smith, he's really thought a lot about what - why we have such a strong reaction to looking at embryos, and he's found this firsthand. I mean, and he gets emails all the time and sort of unpacks these questions, like, you know, is it - when you look at these pictures, does it strike you as more human or less human than you would have imagined, he asks. This is what he asked audience when he shows them. What is your experience with seeing these pictures in the past?You know, he said imagine 300 or 400 years ago, would - how would people imagine what an embryo is?This is a technologically. . .","Yeah. Yeah.",". . .  mediated experience.","And not only that, he's taken the technology faster - further, as you show. He's done MRIs, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There are no turns in this coversation.whose therir literal meanings.All of the return are being used in straight for word and literal meanings.","questions":"Which turn in the conversation implies that there are no hidden meanings in the dialogue?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["What put this story into your mind?","Well, I was researching a, you know, just a short magazine piece on the media's infatuation with lists. And I stumbled across this, to me, arresting factoid that there was a - someone named Frederick of Saxony who lived in the early 16th century, but he had a collection of holy relics. This collection of holy relics numbered 19,013. The second thing I found out was that Frederick of Saxony was Martin Luther's employer. And it sort of, you know, took off from there. But I - the - there was the relic collection that - and I - as I looked into that, it had marvelous things - a strand of Jesus's beard, a piece of straw from the holy manger - I'm not making this up - a vile of the Virgin Mary's breast milk. I mean, these were among the items in this collection.","In fact, the book opens with a scene at the Basel Relic Fair.","Yeah, it was a - it opens - they - a trade fair and Dismas notes that there are two adjacent booths, each offering a complete crown of thorns for sale."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In a literal sense, A is simply confirming that the book opens with a scene at the Basel Relic Fair. However, the implied meaning is that the mention of the two adjacent booths offering a complete crown of thorns for sale is significant and foreshadows something that will happen later in the book. It sets up an expectation in the reader's mind that will be fulfilled or subverted later on.","questions":"What foreshadowing element does PersonA mention in the dialogue?","answer":"Crown"}
{"text":["You know, we - we're in constant communication with our states. I know South Carolina has done - and all the states, for that matter - but South Carolina, they've done a very proactive job. North Carolina is really going to amp up the messaging on evacuations. Florida has, and Georgia. So, you know, we will be able to tell what those evacuation rates are, obviously working with our state. The states and the locals are the ones that actually call for those evacuations.","Right now, it seems to be going well, but it always could go better. You know, if you're in a danger or hazard area, you know, I ask you to take those warnings seriously, and evacuate and protect yourself and your family.","Jeff Byard of FEMA, thanks for speaking with us today.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Taking warnings seriously and evacuating can help protect yourself and your family in a dangerous area.","questions":"What can help you protect yourself and your family in a dangerous area?","answer":"Evacuating"}
{"text":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Karodzic's brother's mistake ultimately led to his capture.","questions":"Which mistake led to Karodzic's capture?","answer":"Mistake"}
{"text":["Well, if it's $135 million cut this year, I can envision an entire university being closed.","Meaning having to shut an entire campus.","We have three universities in our system and 13 community colleges all across the state. And so 135 million would be one of our universities and all of our community campuses.","What else in the immediate term are you considering doing or are you already doing to comply with this budget cut?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : system refers to the reality and not a computer or a program ","questions":"How does \"system\" refer to the reality?","answer":"Reality"}
{"text":["You got a sinus infection but you taking a yeast infection medicine figuring if you lay down, it'll work its way up.","Do you believe in Mars and Venus, the whole idea that men and women are totally different?","I really do. And if I can get women to understand that every man that sleeps with you is not going to love you, then half of us will be all right.","What about the other half?","I mean, the other half - they won't get it. They think that every man that sleeps with them is going to love them. And if I could get women to understand that just because a man sleeps with another woman it doesn't mean that he doesn't love you. If I can get them to understand that, then we'll be all right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : can refers and implies the cylindrical vessels and not to be able to do something","questions":"What does turn 4 refer to?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Everybody else in the theater did. I didn't.","Oh, yeah, right.","Every single person cried except for me.","Oh, yeah, because they were only slicing onions for you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A did not cry while everyone else did at the theater.","questions":"Which person did not cry at the theater?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Without warning, I sat down to my meal. The pot pie looked like something Martha Stewart whipped up. And served in her mother's best china, Christiane's potatoes au gratin with green chilies could've been an expensive appetizer at a fine restaurant.","Mm, mm. Oh my gosh. It's really good. It's kind of got like that Tex-Mex flavor to it, like jalapenos. . .","I think if you don't add the chilis. . .","Mm."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The pot pie looked like it had been professionally made and then served in an expensive manner.","questions":"Which dish looked like it had been prepared by Martha Stewart?","answer":"potatoes"}
{"text":["Yeah.","I love salt.","You didn't see that coming. (Laughter) You love salt.","I totally didn't.","That's an essential mineral."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implicated meaning: A is teasing or mocking B for not realizing that B loves salt. The phrase \"You didn't see that coming\" implies that B's love for salt was unexpected or surprising.","questions":"Which phrase indicates that PersonB was surprised by their love for salt?","answer":"Didn't"}
{"text":["Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning.","And what about the value of closed-door sessions?Jared Kushner, the president's son-in-law and top adviser, met with the committee behind closed doors this week. What's the value of that to the committee even as it frustrates the public a bit?","Well, there are pluses and minuses to it. It's best if it's a preparation for a public session. Committee staff, for example, will do a behind-closed-doors questioning very thoroughly and minutely using documents in a way that you don't see so much in a public session. So it can be good preparation. It's also, in this particular situation, it's possible that there's a mixture of classified and non-classified material and you sort that out during the behind-closed-doors.","It sounds like you're describing a dress rehearsal or something like that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : is a private meeting between people, while the actual meaning of \"dress rehearsal\" (","questions":"Which type of meeting is being described as a dress rehearsal?","answer":"meeting"}
{"text":["There's a voice that we have not heard a lot from lately and I want to ask you about it. I'm talking about fed chief Ben Bernanke. He seems to have all but disappeared from the headlines. Why is that we aren't hearing more from him as the stimulus package gets debated?","Well, Bernanke's role is to manage U. S.  monetary policy - what does money cost, bank regulations, all that stuff. So frankly he doesn't have very many arrows in his quiver yet left. He's got - I think we're down to, you know, under one percent for the federal funds rate. So there's not a lot of pontificating around interest rates that Bernanke can do. He ought to be of greater voice around the stimulus especially around as you - strategy, the bad bank strategy you mentioned.","I believe that what he's doing really is letting the Obama economic team get their feet wet. Very, very soon we ought to be hearing that he and the Treasury secretary have met. He's not an Alan Greenspan. If you think back to 1992 when Clinton was elected, Greenspan immediately jumped out there and was almost a jockeying between Greenspan and Clinton. And Greenspan made it clear, hey, I'm the money guy, I'm in charge of this, guys. And he, you know, he went to the White House, he had very long meeting with Clinton. It's been written about by - it's been written about it, you know, the Washington Post reporter has written extensively about that meeting, Carl F - Bernstein.","Bernstein."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There was almost a competition for who had the authority of the the situation.","questions":"What was the tone of the interaction between Greenspan and Clinton?","answer":"Jockeying"}
{"text":["Correct.","And that's the idea?","That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.","Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implies a question as to whether the idea presented is correct.","questions":"Which idea is being referred to?","answer":"Idea"}
{"text":["Well, they do do some of it. Delta in the most recent quarter had about 300 million dollars in gains from fuel hedges, but the biggest problem is other airlines just don't have the cash or the credit to put into this. Southwest has the luxury of very strong financial balance sheet so they can put their money to work years ahead of time. Other airlines, you know, if you're cutting costs, if you're fighting for survival, if your cash is tight, your employees are getting laid off, you know, it's hard to say hey, we're going to buy some fuel for 2012.","And Delta was in bankruptcy proceedings, it had to unload everything it could to deal with its debt.","That's right, very costly. Delta actually had good fuel hedges leading into the 2004 bankruptcy. They had to sell those to raise some cash in the bankruptcy, but selling early meant they lost out on a whole lot of profits that they could have had later on.","Scott, you're a travel writer but you do write for the Wall Street Journal, so maybe you can answer this question for me. On the day that Southwest reported things going very well, its stock actually fell by a dollar to just under 15 dollars a share. Now, how does that work?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The other airlines may not have the resources to purchase fuel for the future, suggesting a lack of financial stability.","questions":"What was Delta's fuel hedges leading into the 2004 bankruptcy?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["They are illiterate. We don't have an education system. We don't have a civic education campaign. And so, there's just like a perfect storm of just so many things that makes Haiti so hard to govern. And I think for outsiders, it's very hard for people to understand why it seems to be in a perpetual state of chaos and crisis. But, you know. . .","So, where's the hope?I mean, you know, you must have hope, some flicker of it?","I do have hope. The hope, I think, is that, you know - the hope comes from people like myself. We have 1. 5 million Haitians living outside of Haiti, and a million of them are in the U. S. , the rest are in Canada and France. And, you know, we love the country. We care about what happens there. We are pushing for better policy.","You know, there are a couple of people in Congress who are very good friends of Haiti. Kendrick Meek, for instance, in the U. S.  House, he's from Florida, and before that, his mother was also a congresswoman. So, you know, the Black Caucus is involved."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Pushing for better policy implies that we are actively working to achieve a better policy to be produced by the government. ","questions":"What is the hope for Haiti that comes from people like the speaker?","answer":"Change"}
{"text":["Yes, we're all OK.  We're all safe. We're at his house in James City, thank goodness.","Yeah. I'm told you left after the evacuation order. May I ask why?","We made the decision to stay based on the fact that all of the ATMs were out of cash, there was a gas shortage, monetary reasons and concerns of not being able to get back in. I have my father, who is in a nursing facility fighting Stage 4 Hodgkin's lymphoma, and I was really concerned about what would happen with him.","How is your father?How is your father, may I ask?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker decided to stay because of the lack of resources and concerns about the safety of their father who is fighting Stage 4 Hodgkin's lymphoma","questions":"What was the reason for the PersonA's decision to stay?","answer":"Father"}
{"text":["See how he do his mom?","Ms.  O'BRIEN: Ira struggles to provide for her large family, working two jobs: as a real estate agent and a licensed massage therapist.","I can't stop. I push myself more now than I ever have. There's times that, especially the summertime, I didn't come home until like 8 o'clock at night sometimes.","So what did you learn from talking to her?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : See how he treats his mom poorly or disrespectfully","questions":"Which family member does Ira struggle to provide for?","answer":"mother"}
{"text":[". . . Battles. Yes. It was bloody, but it was also joyous because we're - all three of us - just super fans of Nancy Hale's.","I mean, people always ask fiction writers - as you would know better than anyone - how much of your writing, how much of your protagonist is you. And writers always say, it's fiction. You know, I made it all up. But you write that with Hale, it's - it actually really matters to know what her life story was when you're reading these stories.","You know, every story that a fiction writer writes has something of them in them. And I had to go through her story and sort of understand where they came from in her life. She wrote so close to the bone to her own life in many ways, and you can see herself in her characters in these stories - in a lot of them.","All right. So let's get to some of the stuff she writes about because she writes about things that are uncomfortable to discuss today in 2019 - must have been incredibly edgy at the time she was writing some of these. She writes about mothers feeling ambivalent about their children. She writes about how oppressive marriage can be. She writes beautifully about female desire. I actually wanted to let you read a little bit from one of her stories, titled \"Midsummer. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : She wrote very close to what happened in her own life.","questions":"How did PersonA approach understanding Nancy Hale's stories?","answer":"Understand"}
{"text":["WHYY.","Excellent. And tell us a little bit about your situation. You wrote that you are a member of the sandwich generation. What does that mean?","Well, it means that I'm taking care of children, and I'm also taking care of an elderly mother.","So, you've got a lot of expenses. How are you coping with those expenses right now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Asking how the speaker is managing their expenses.","questions":"What is the focus of PersonB's question in turn 1?","answer":"Situation"}
{"text":["There also seemed to be some significant milestones this week about the ongoing debate over - is this Trump's party now?We saw a lot of well-known intellectuals sort of leave the party. Longtime Republican strategist Steve Schmidt said he quit the Republican Party. Conservative columnist George Will called for Republicans to lose their majorities. And the sad death of Charles Krauthammer also seemed to signal maybe an end of an era here.","I think it is. Charles was a friend and a colleague. And I think his loss isn't just to conservatism in particular, but it's to political discourse in general because Charles was an - a conservative intellectual, not a Republican partisan. There was nothing tribal about him. So that was a really big loss.","Do you think there's any impact for people like Steve Schmidt leaving the party?","You mean impact on him?Well, he's not going to get Republican clients anymore. But. . .","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : No actual stones marking miles, but events that mark changes in other events.","questions":"What kind of milestones were mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Political"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","But - so in any event, do you really want to put yourself on the side of people that cut even 3 percent from the Meals on Wheels budget?","Well, from a political standpoint, you're right. But this is the problem for whatever the not-left-of-center crew is, now that it's gotten so diverse in the era of Trump is - who's going to talk about how it works?Back to repealing Obamacare, there is a method going forward that works. It involves using tax credits to let people shop. And their choices drive down prices and create more products that they want to buy. But no one's talk about that because you're trapped in this Trump gravitational conversational field.","Well, we'll have you back. We have to cut the conversation short. Michael Graham is podcast editor for The Weekly Standard."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Actual meaning: B is bringing the conversation to an end because of time constraints, but expressing interest in having A return in the future. Literal meaning: B is stating that A will be invited back and that Michael Graham is the podcast editor for The Weekly Standard.","questions":"What is Michael Graham's role at The Weekly Standard?","answer":"Podcast"}
{"text":["We get the impression from the reporting of our colleague Adrian Florido in Puerto Rico that this was - the protests that drove out the governor, they were a protest against the governor but really against the whole political system. And the descriptions you've just given of the various positions would seem to back that up. Does anybody have credibility to take the job?","I think there are people that do have the credibility and that have the experience. But I - it's not clear to me that political leadership has heard the message that has been delivered loud and clearly by the thousands, in some cases hundreds of thousands of Puerto Ricans that took to the street to let, you know, their distaste and their indignation known.","What do you mean they haven't heard the message - meaning that the political leadership doesn't understand how angry people are?","I think that that could be the case, and it is demonstrated by the fact that there are reports of backroom dealing over who could be that next secretary of state that could take over the governor's position."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : heard the message meaning seen what was meant by the actions of","questions":"Which action was the message that political leadership may not have understood according to A?","answer":"Protests"}
{"text":["But today, the Reverend Al Sharpton, members of Bell's family, and other community leaders are taking these protests one step further. They'll march and stage pray-ins throughout New York City. One of the sites is House of the Lord Church in downtown Brooklyn, led by the Reverend Herb Daughtry. We talked to the reverend yesterday about his plans for the protest.","What we're supposed to do is assemble at various sites around the city and then march to the action site. That is the place where we will submit ourselves, some of us, to an arrest. Hopefully, in so doing, we will tie up the city so that there will be - there would be no movement, no motion. And everybody in the city and indeed across the nation will get the message that we will not stand for policemen, the people we pay to protect us, to kill us.","Reverend, when you talk about blocking things off and shutting things down, does that mean that you will literally block the streets?","Obviously, I don't want to be too specific, but we have assembling points. Points where we tell people to assemble. Here in Brooklyn, it's at our church, the House of the Lord Church. Now, once people have assembled, then we will go to the designated sites of action, where the civil disobedience will take place.","Sean Bell was a young man. Have you been able to reach out to people who are in their 20s or even in their teens to try to get them to join on to this protest?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"taking these protests one step further\" - This phrase means that the protestors are escalating their actions beyond just protesting.","questions":"Which action are the protestors taking one step further?","answer":"Protests"}
{"text":["Well, here's the interesting part. The scientific heavyweights like the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration didn't fare any better than the almanac last year, which makes you wonder: Is seasonal prediction even possible?Here to talk about it is Jason Samenow. He's a chief meteorologist for the Capital Weather Gang at The Washington Post. He joins us from NPR in Washington. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you for having me on.","So what are the predictions look like this year, and then should we pay attention to them?","There is a ton of uncertainty about what this winter's going to bring across much of the country. And that has to do with the fact that El Nino - which is the episodic warming of the equatorial Pacific, which was predicted to develop by now - really hasn't behaved as expected. So when we have an El Nino, we typically see warm and dry conditions across the Northern Tier and wet and cold conditions across the Southern Tier. But it has pretty much baffled forecasters in that it hasn't developed as models have predicted."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The weather forecasters are uncertain about this winter's conditions due to the unpredicted behavior of El Nino","questions":"How are the weather forecasters feeling about this winter's conditions?","answer":"Baffled"}
{"text":["I think the initiative is going to be very helpful in helping to solve these problems.","One last question about your new potential treatment using amyloid for multiple sclerosis. How far along - are we in phase one, have we got phase one studies, or have we not even gotten that far yet?","On this one we haven't reached phase one yet. We're still doing the toxicity testing. We're moving slowly because of the villainous reputation of these proteins. But as I said, someone over in Holland has taken this through phase one, and it looks - looks pretty good. They're doing it with alpha B-crystallin.","Well very interesting. Thank you, Dr.  Steinman, for taking time to be with us today. We'll be following this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The use of \"we\" is not literal. 'B' has nothing to do with it. \"We\" just means how far have researchers progressed.","questions":"What does the term \"we\" refer to?","answer":"Researchers"}
{"text":["People see both sides. From one side, we see everything changed after Trump came to office and withdraw from the nuclear deal. In another side, we see mismanagement and corruption inside the government. So Iranians see both sides. But the much bigger side is this thing that we - they see from Trump's administration. They see, every day, sanctions. People see that the White House always says, we have nothing to do with Iranians.","But we think that maybe the most important part of the sanctions is its impact on Iranians. Maybe authorities, officials haven't been affected that much. They're rich. They're wealthy. They have no problems with inflation or with all the problems. But the Iranian ordinary people who have a limited income - it is very hard for them. They see the impact of the sanctions directly on them.","What's the overall mood in Tehran as all this plays out?","Hopelessness and uncertainty."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : sides refers and implies perspectives not direction ","questions":"Which word in the dialogue suggests that the Iranian officials have not been affected much by the sanctions?","answer":"Rich"}
{"text":["It's out of sight. It's really high. We have actual concentrations and standards that are somewhere like four, five times lower than that. So, these are all very, very high numbers, even when they're low on the Chinese scale.","It sounds as though you could project things ahead for the beginning of the Olympics. What would you expect?","Well, it's pretty good right now. But I've just been looking at the extended forecast for winds, and the middle of next week, things are going to change quite radically, around the 3rd or the 4th. The big high-pressure system from out over the Pacific is going to kick in, and that's going to produce strong winds coming over the polluted areas to the south of Beijing, and it's going to pick up a lot of pollution. And according to these forecasts, it's going to be a pretty dirty end of next week. And unfortunately, that coincides with the Opening Ceremonies a week from today.","Ken, these are official Chinese numbers that you're working with, and you are sitting there in Rhode Island looking at these. Are the numbers trustworthy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"It's out of sight.\" - This does not literally mean that the object is out of sight. It implies that the object is not visible or noticeable, and the speaker is emphasizing its high concentration level.","questions":"Which sense does the phrase \"out of sight\" convey in turn 0?","answer":"Visibility"}
{"text":["And so if we organize the production and the processing and distribution of organic foods on a large scale, there's efficiencies to be had. This is actually kind of an experiment, a test. You know, how much of the extra costs that you pay when you buy organic food - how much of that is just the fragmented nature of the business?How much of it is the small-scale aspect?And how much of it is inherent in organic production?","Well, there's no question that Walmart is kind of the king of logistics. But if you talk to some of their suppliers, they'll also complain that Walmart is the king of squeezing them and making them produce the product ever more cheaply at their own expense.","Right. So you could say this is a threat to some organic producers who are used to higher margins. On the other hand, I mean, the organic production is expanding, and if Walmart wants large quantities, they may have to outbid other producers. There is a limit right now on the amount of organic food for sale. They say they want to expand that, and there's no reason why they couldn't. There's lots of land out there. Right now, organic is actually a very small part of American food production, people say 5 percent or less. So there's no reason why Walmart couldn't expand organic production if they offered a good price. The question is can they do it cheaply?","Part of this has to do with trust. Are people going to stop going to Whole Foods and go over to Walmart 'cause they can get the eggs $2 cheaper?I'm a little skeptical."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : implies that Walmart may be able to produce organic food more cheaply than other producers and expand the market for organic food.","questions":"What is the potential threat to some organic producers from Walmart's expansion into organic food production?","answer":"Threat"}
{"text":["Well, thanks so much for having me, Alex.","So, how do you and the retired general, James Jones, know each other?","My gosh, I think - I can't even remember when I first met him. It's been so long ago. I'm sure I met him when he was head of the legislative liaison over the Senate. But I really became acquainted with him when he became a brigadier general, and, of course, I followed his career. Of course, he served very ably as a commadant in the marine corps and then as the European commander, just been with him from time to time. And I just consider him a very good friend.","And what kind of a man is he?How would you describe him as a person?","A man of extreme integrity, high ability, good judgment, even temper, just admired him so through the years, and I just can't say enough good things about him. He is just an excellent choice, and he will give good advice to the president."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A has a high opinion of James Jones' character and career.","questions":"How would PersonA describe James Jones? (Answer: \"Excellent\" or \"Man of integrity\" or \"Admired\")","answer":"Man-of-integrity"}
{"text":["How do you feel about the United States now?","It was my home, and it is my home. And it will be my home because I have nowhere else to go. If I went somewhere else, I wouldnt be alive.","Is there something you'd like the Army and the Department of Defense and everyone to know about you?","I am more patriotic than many Americans. I am ready to lay my life down for this country and for the safety of its people. Im not a bad person, and I have never committed a crime. My life is in danger if the institutions like USCIS and DOD does not help me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A needs the help of USCIS and DOD to save their life.","questions":"What institutions does PersonA need help from to save their life?","answer":"USCIS"}
{"text":["Is Colin Kaepernick, in your judgment, unsigned because of his politics or his performance as a quarterback?","I don't think we can say if it's one or the other. I think what troubled me was that I saw so many people who wouldn't necessarily know the difference between an end zone fade and icing in hockey say automatically without parsing through the situation of his play at all that it has to be racial. And it could be racial. But it's also the type of thing that you could see someone with his skill set at this point in his career trajectory both being in the league and not being in the league.","Can you explain to us why a general manager or coach wouldn't, just in football terms, necessarily snap at the opportunity to sign Colin Kaepernick?","I think you have to ask yourself, can this player, in this case a quarterback, can he help us win?And how do you win in the league right now?It is not 40 years ago when you can win 17 to 10. You have to rack up the offense. And what Kaepernick basically does - his skill set, the best part of it - is he does not throw many interceptions. He had four last year against 16 touchdown passes. That's a really good ratio."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"I saw so many people who wouldn't necessarily know the difference between an end zone fade and icing in hockey say automatically without parsing through the situation of his play at all that it has to be racial.\"  The actual meaning implied in this statement is that many people who lack knowledge about football and its technicalities automatically assume that Colin Kaepernick's situation is racially motivated, without analyzing the specifics of his performance.","questions":"Which technicality of Colin Kaepernick's performance do people fail to analyze before assuming his situation is racially motivated?","answer":"Performance"}
{"text":["Yeah, a big one.","Arguably, a full-time job outside the White House. So it's hard to see him fulfilling the in-house advisory role of the NSA. And critics are going to call Bolton's departure another high-profile example of how the Trump White House is basically a one-man show with occasional guest stars. But on substance, that quarreling you referred to, Bolton and the president clashed because Bolton wanted to aggressively confront U. S.  adversaries around the world. And the president seems more focused at this point on domestic politics and his reelection year.","Let's talk about the third Democratic debate, this one in Houston. Just 10 candidates this time. How do you think it compared to the previous shows?","From the consumer standpoint, there was improvement, Scott. You still had more contestants than are comfortable for a TV quiz show screen. But at least you knew these were the real contenders and not so many career builders and people bolstering their brands. The show was too long at three hours, but the format seemed relatively brisk. The candidates got to respond and engage. Also, the ABC moderators asked good questions and then stood back to let the candidates speak and interact, yet they never lost control of the proceedings and never actually intruded on them, either."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He would be fulfilling a government role and Trump makes it look like he does all of the work.","questions":"What role was Bolton supposed to fulfill?","answer":"In-house"}
{"text":["You've been following temporary staffing trends for more than two decades now. What sectors are relatively insulated from layoffs?","Well, the sectors that are most resilient are the higher-skill sectors, or if you can get into industries that are involved in education or health care or government. Those are the areas where you get the most bang. We're also seeing a nice increase in the mortgage-processing area, because one of the things the government's doing is lowering the conforming rate for mortgages. And so, there's kind of a rush to refinance.","When you say higher skills, are you talking about engineering, things of that sort?","Well, even within, say, clerical admin, there's always demand for good, you know, personal assistants. There's always demand for engineers or, you know, highly skilled folks. There are sometimes fewer jobs in those areas but for good people, you can get employed.","Now, geographically, where are the hot spots for temporary work?","We're seeing the best demand really around the D. C.  area. You know, Maryland, Virginia, the District of Columbia, of course the government's kind of gearing up, and there's lots of activity to, you know, take on some of these new projects. Another good area is Texas. Texas still has some residual goodwill related to energy and utilities. Beyond that, there is most of the - most every area of the country is feeling some pinch. Some of the toughest places are California, Nevada and Florida."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : Most everyone in the country is feeling that they have to cut back on spending money.","questions":"How is the demand for temporary work in the D.C. area?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["Not a big deal.","It wasn't bothering me, but why not treat it?That's where the trouble began.","So she didn't know the cost of the medication, right?","No. She didn't ask, and the physician assistant didn't tell. So the PA calls in the prescription to a mail-order pharmacy. The mail-order pharmacy calls Anne to say, what's your insurance?She tells them she has really good insurance, and she has a health savings account or health reimbursement account to cover all of those medical costs that her insurance doesn't cover."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation worsened after trying to treat it","questions":"Which situation worsened?","answer":"situation"}
{"text":["Yeah. What damage in the United States near as you can tell?","Well, we're not really aware of what the damage is precisely. I mean, that's still being accounted for. One thing interestingly for people that are dissecting what happened is that many systems are now trying to clean up the damage. So it's hard to know exactly what happened. It's kind of like cleaning up a crime scene before doing the forensics on it. One thing that is being discussed - this is possibly malware coming from the NSA. Some security experts who've been collecting samples of the malware and dissecting them have been saying that these criminal attacks are based on attacks designed by the National Security Agency and then released into the public by a hacking group called The Shadow Brokers.","You know, now, the NSA, they would have wanted to use the malware for spying purposes, right?The agency has a huge shop - we're very well aware of this - one of the world's best shops, dedicated to finding weaknesses in software and taking advantage of those weaknesses to break in and steal information for spying purposes. The problem is once you break in, you make digital keys, you can't really control who gets them. So this attack is raising one of these fundamental issues that we talk about in the security world about whether NSA surveillance protects people or creates unexpected damage that does more harm than good.","So I - so it's possible that there - it's possible that the NSA program to try and limit damage and trace people who would do harm to the country wound up doing harm across the world."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : So this attack is raising one of these fundamental issues that we talk about in the security world about whether NSA surveillance protects people or creates unexpected damage that does more harm than good.\"","questions":"How is the NSPersonA surveillance being questioned after the attack?","answer":"Questioned"}
{"text":["Oh, yes. In the business environment where you have a rational time schedule, then you have more productivity per hour worked. In Spain, we are the last ones in Europe in productivity per hour.","I wonder what you'd say to Americans who may have a romantic view of the siesta, who on any given workday inhale a sandwich while they stand looking at their computer screen.","Well, that is terrible too. I think we need one hour to have lunch in a decent way. This is very good, but not two or three hours that we have here. The hope to be similar to you and all the European countries beside us because really we need that for health, for family. We will have more time for having this life that we want to have. And for sure, you could have also some more time to have the lunch which is healthier.","Nuria Chinchilla is an economist and professor of management at the IESE Business School in Barcelona. Thanks very much for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn (4) implies that Nuria Chinchilla is thankful for being invited to the show and is concluding the interview.","questions":"Which person is concluding the interview?","answer":"Nuria-Chinchilla"}
{"text":["Yeah. So the brain obviously is functioning at a much higher level, but we should understand that the brain alone is not causing the weight loss. The brain's metabolism is causing for different reaction to occur in your body, like increased stress, like loss of appetite, like disturbed sleep patterns. And because of all of these different factors that the brain is setting off - that is the reason they're losing weight.","I want to talk about world champion Magnus Carlsen from Norway. You learned about his training regimen. Tell me about the moment he realized that he needed a competitive edge and what he did to get it.","Yeah. So it's interesting with Magnus Carlsen - he realized early on that fixing small things, like what he drinks during the course of a game, will alter the way he functions, especially in the last hour or so of the game. And so one of the things that was really fascinating about this was when I was talking to his dad. His dad was like, oh, we went to the Olympic Training Center. And they were told immediately that the orange juice that he was drinking was causing for the sugar levels to take a huge dip in the fifth and sixth hours of game. And so they were asked to replace that with milk.","Meaning he'd have a little energy crash. So the idea is you need to keep yourself sustained with something that gives you energy but won't have the crash and that you need to do that even if you're not skiing, right. . .","Exactly. Exactly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the sugar levels to take a huge dip implies that his sugar levels decreased dramatically","questions":"Which factor did Magnus Carlsen and his dad replace with milk?","answer":"Orange-juice"}
{"text":["For people who can't see it, can you describe what things look like right now and some - the actions the Corps is taking on a daily basis to address it?","You know, sometimes it is hard to describe. You know, you're driving down roads that were normally - there might be 50 or a hundred yards to the river. Suddenly, the river is, you know, 10 or 15 yards from where your car is or, you know, where you typically are running for physical training is now underwater.","And in terms of the levees themselves, when you walk the levees, you know, typically, where the water might be 20, 25 feet away from the top of the levee, maybe now it's within five or six feet. So when you see what, you know, a couple hundred thousand cubic feet per second of water looks like rolling down the Arkansas River and it's within feet of the bridges, whether they're pedestrian or vehicular, you know, sometime there used to be 20 feet of clearance, it's pretty awe-inspiring.","What are you doing to shore up the levees themselves?And are you inviting residents to help?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The flooding is so severe that familiar landmarks are unrecognizable.","questions":"What is the visibility like during the flooding?","answer":"Hard"}
{"text":["\u2026of the entire family. And you've got the ability to sit from that distance and observe natural behavior.","You know, there have been stories written about park rangers and others who have very strong personal connections to these animals. I know that some of them have named them. How does that come about?","Well, the park rangers, in my opinion, are the real heroes of mountain gorilla conservation. They are the guys who are out on a day-to-day basis, doing the work of conservation. And in the case of D. R. C. , they are risking their lives. We probably have lost 120 to 150 guards over the last 15 years in the Congo. And I think it indicates the kind of courage that these guys have, putting their life on the line, protecting animals that they have worked with on a day-to-day basis or, in some cases, decades.","Are there other animals that are also endangered in that area, especially as a result of the finding, in addition to the gorilla?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In the conversation, B asks how park rangers develop strong personal connections with animals and how they end up naming them. The literal meaning of B's question is straightforward, but the implied meaning is more complex. B may be suggesting that personal connections with animals are unethical, unprofessional, or undermine the objectivity necessary for conservation efforts. Additionally, B may be asking whether the park rangers' personal connections with animals complicate conservation efforts or make it more difficult to do their jobs.","questions":"How does PersonB's question about park rangers' personal connections with animals imply a potential issue with conservation efforts?","answer":"Issue"}
{"text":["The Pythians were a black baseball team in Philadelphia from about 1866 to 1872. And they were damn good. And like just about every other dimension of his life, he used that arena to fight for equality.","And he met a tragic end, I gather.","Yup. Much like Martin Luther King, he had his young life cut short by gunfire from a white assassin.","I don't understand how America doesn't know so much about him and why Philadelphia took so long to recognize him."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : : \"Yup. Much like Martin Luther King, he had his young life cut short by gunfire from a white assassin.\" Implied meaning: \"The person being discussed was a prominent figure in the fight for equality, and was assassinated for his beliefs.\"","questions":"Which prominent figure was assassinated for his beliefs?","answer":"Martin"}
{"text":["Yet, does it make any kind of sense to you?","Well, it does. I think John McCain obviously from the beginning likes to shake things up. We saw that with the Sarah Palin pick the day after the Democratic convention ended. And we saw that with the poll showing that economic uncertainty helping giving Barack Obama boost in the polls. Perhaps that John McCain thought he'd shake it up by announcing that he would suspend his campaign, delay the debates because of this financial crisis.","So, did something happen politically in the last 24 hours to move Senator McCain back to Oxford, Mississippi or polls suddenly showing something?","Well, the feeling was always that he was going to have to show - he was of course hoping from a signal from either from the House Republicans or President Bush saying that negotiations were going well. But obviously, the Democrats really didn't like McCain's involvement on this. They said he was playing - he was posturing, playing presidential politics."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"shake things up\" implies that John McCain's has the tendency of taking bold and unexpected actions to disrupt the political landscape and garner attention.","questions":"What is the tendency of John McCain's actions according to the implied meaning of \"shake things up\"?","answer":"Disrupt"}
{"text":["I want to talk a little bit about the words that are used to describe wine. You know, normally we hear things like dry, oaky, buttery - I kind of understand what those mean. But sommeliers have a much more creative way of describing tasting notes that you might not hear in a restaurant.","Well, you get everything from the more straightforward fruits and vegetables. So it could be pomegranate, raspberry, blackberry, apple, pear, lemon. They can also range to the far more imaginative. There were times where I was sitting in a tasting group and I thought that I was hearing someone read from a Wiccan book of love spells.","(Laughter).","Burnt hair, desiccated strawberry, armpit, you know (laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"There were times where I was sitting in a tasting group and I thought that I was hearing someone read from a Wiccan book of love spells.\" This turn implies that the person was hearing very unusual and creative descriptions of wine tasting notes that sounded like they came from a mystical or supernatural source, rather than a straightforward and literal description of the wine.","questions":"How would you describe the wine tasting notes in the tasting group?","answer":"Creative"}
{"text":["And there was \"Hip-Hop: Hot On The Runway,\" which was - HOT107. 9 had a fashion show with a lot of artists, yeah, at Compound, with Ray J.  Whitney Huston showed up. This is the live music scene as of last night. But at that same last event, at Compound, someone got shot. And there was incredible security at all of these events.","You go in there and you have to pass two or three people. And you know, the crowd is not - you can't say it was all young kids at Compound or it was - you couldn't even point out who in the audience could have done that because it was a very mixed crowd, in a lot of ways in terms, of economic strata and that kind of thing.","And in the end of the night, as a matter of fact, I woke up the next morning and saw on the news that someone was shot there. The guy was in critical condition at this time. So, you know, it's rough, but the same time, those were great events, three events in one night. And that is not atypical in Atlanta, you know, on a given week.","You know, do you think it is affecting the scene?And certainly violence isn't limited to hip-hop clubs, and it isn't new, but does it affect the ability of the audiences to go out?Or are they just like, hey, this is part of what it is and I am willing to go out anyway?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Atlanta has a busy and active live music scene with multiple events in a week despite occasional violence","questions":"What is the name of the event where someone got shot in Atlanta?","answer":"Atlanta"}
{"text":["I didn't think this was going to go so immediately to the sex life of plants. But, apparently, that's where we're headed. I mean, why, though, has modern fruit become as sugary as it has?","Well, one of the main dates to remember here is 1930, which is when the United States passes the Plant Patent Act. And from that point forward, the idea is we're trying to encourage farmers to actually manipulate those plants and to make them sweeter and to make them fatter and also to make them seedless, to take their sex away. In fact, what's happening is that when you actually take the sex drive of a plant away, when you take away its seeds, it actually puts more energy into getting fat and sweet.","When you read about how fruit has impacted these zoo animals, were you surprised?","No, not at all. I mean, as I say, for years now, we've been lobbying these natural varieties of almost everything about them except their sweetness. You look at a watermelon. There is no seedless watermelon that's full of just bright red, luscious fruit. There's nothing like that found in nature. The tomatoes you find in nature are tiny and tasteless. The apples you find in nature are - almost all of them are spitters. People don't realize that everything that we're seeing in the supermarket, they're like superstars. They're like supermodels and elite athletes like LeBron James. That's what we're looking - at the supermarket."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the fruit isn't actual superstars; they aren like supermodels and elite athletes like LeBron James;","questions":"How would you describe the fruit at the supermarket?","answer":"superstars"}
{"text":["Now, again, I spent my life being hassled by white cops. And the first thing I thought was, do you mean to tell me after everything I've been through, that St.  Peter is a white cop?That was the first thing that went through my mind.","Oh, my gosh. Well, that is a clear sign of your sense of humor. Brian, just stay with us. We won't keep you too much longer. Brian Copeland is the author of the book and creator of the production \"Not a Genuine Black Man. \"","And next on NEWS & NOTES, if you or someone you love is struggling with depression or mental illness, where do you turn?We've got two medical experts with a long history of promoting mental health. Plus, we read from your letters.","I'm Farai Chideya, and this is NEWS & NOTES. This month, we are focusing on the critical issue of mental health. We're also speaking with Brian Copeland, the author of the book and creator of the production \"Not a Genuine Black Man. \""],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A jokingly questions if St. Peter is a white cop due to his negative experiences with white cops.","questions":"Which question did PersonA pose regarding St. Peter?","answer":"Question"}
{"text":["And what do you serve?I said $5 bowls of cereal, but expand on that menu if you could.","We sell 120 different cereals from all over the world. So we import cereals from America, from New Zealand, from Australia, from France, from Israel. We import cereals from all over the world, so it's a real experience coming in here because the walls are just littered with cereal memorabilia, toys that you used to get in the boxes. It's a real experience.","Now, I don't for a moment expect you to identify with the people who attacked your store. But can you - can you see where fancy bowls of cereal would kind of fit into their agenda about the world, their neighborhood changing right before their eyes?","I can see their point, but there's also a Versace shop that has just opened up around the corner. They're complaining that people in the area can't afford to come here and afford four pounds for a meal. But there's a Versace shop open around the corner and I think it's - very, very few percent of people in this neighborhood would even be able to walk in there and buy anything. I know I couldn't."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Now, I don't for a moment expect you to identify with the people who attacked your store. But can you - can you see where fancy bowls of cereal would kind of fit into their agenda about the world, their neighborhood changing right before their eyes?\"","questions":"Which store was opened around the corner that very few percent of people in the neighborhood can afford to buy from?","answer":"Versace"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Well, we'll see what happens with the movie end of it.","Black Francis. He's written a new novel - if that's what you call it - together with Josh Frank and illustrated by Steven Appleby, \"The Good Inn. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks a lot. I really appreciate talking to you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  B: Black Francis. He's written a new novel - if that's what you call it - together with Josh Frank and illustrated by Steven Appleby, \"The Good Inn.\"  The phrase \"if that's what you call it\" in this turn is an idiomatic expression that means \"it's not exactly what you would typically refer to as a novel.\" So, while the literal meaning of the sentence is that Black Francis has written a new novel with co-authors and an illustrator, the actual meaning is that the work in question may not fit the typical definition of a novel.","questions":"Which phrase in turn 2 suggests that the work in question may not fit the typical definition of a novel?","answer":"If"}
{"text":["No, I'm glad to include them. Is it possible Italy will leave the eurozone, or is that just talk?","It's just talk. It's impossible. Do you remember the Eagles?This one I'm not getting that wrong because the Eagles is as important - \"Hotel California. \"","Sure.","You can always check out, but you can never leave. That's it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Italy leaving the eurozone is not a realistic possibility","questions":"Which country's departure from the eurozone is discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Italy"}
{"text":["Yeah, thank you.","So tell us what the article said.","Well, it's very interesting. It's in the Jesuit magazine La Civilta Cattolica. It's a very historic magazine, the Jesuits, of course, being the same order that Pope Francis - an order of priest that Pope Francis is a part of. And what's very interesting is that these two authors are known to be quite close to him. One, Antonio Spadaro, was the person who interviewed him in 2013 and made a big splash. And what they're saying is that they're concerned about ties between fundamental evangelicals and, kind of, right-wing Catholics in the U. S.  that are focused only on very neuralgic issues and kind of dividing in politics.","And the article, I believe, specifically talks about xenophobic and Islamophobic views.","Yeah. What the authors say is that, you know, Pope Francis has really been trying to create a culture of dialogue encounter, really working with people across all the spectrums. And what the two authors in this article are saying is that these right-wing groups in the U. S.  have been really doing the opposite. Where Pope Francis is trying to build bridges, they're trying to build walls. And they're playing up concerns about migration, about refugees. And they're kind of operating in the exact opposite way of the pope which, for a Catholic, is obviously a very strange thing.","All right, this article also directly mentions President Donald Trump and his adviser Steve Bannon. What does it say about them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Tell us what the article said\" - The literal meaning is a request for a summary or explanation of the contents of an article.","questions":"Which magazine is the article discussed in?","answer":"Civilta"}
{"text":["You know, it's quite clear that it is a cherry-picked narrative. But reading it makes you wonder if that's an insult to cherries.","(Laughter) Which, after all, have many valuable antioxidants. Before it was released, a lot of Democrats said the result of releasing the memo would be catastrophic. Last night and today, many Democrats seem to be saying, is that all you got?Are you kidding?","Well, for some, it's more a dud than a slam dunk. But at the same time, of course, the Democrats want to release their own memo - their critique memo - their response or rebuttal. And that's going to be the big focus when we get back here on Monday.","Rod Rosenstein - long for his position in the Justice Department?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Well, for some, it's more a dud than a slam dunk.But at the same time, of course, the Democrats want to release their own memo - their critique memo - their response or rebuttal.And that's going to be the big focus when we get back here on Monday.\" Implicated meaning: The speaker is commenting on the mixed reactions to an event or situation. They suggest that while some people may view it as a failure (\"a dud\"), others may see it as a success (\"a slam dunk\"). The speaker also mentions the Democrats' plan to release their own memo, which they believe will be the main topic of discussion in the future.","questions":"Which party is planning to release their own memo?","answer":"Democrats"}
{"text":["You've lived with HIV your entire conscious life - I mean, as I understand it, that you contracted HIV through blood transfusion when you were an infant in the early 1980s. So do you sense a change in how HIV has been viewed by the broader public and not just by the medical community?I mean, do you remember - I mean, I don't know that most of us kind of as kids think about becoming an organ donor, right?","(Laughter).","But do you remember feeling that the world of possibility has changed for you?","I do think in some places in America things definitely have changed with the science. In places, for example, where I live in the Deep South, there are a lot of long-held stigmatizing beliefs that people still have. And one of the reasons I did decide to go public as a resident of Atlanta was to really push people's perceptions into the 21st century because I couldn't think of any better way to show people that, you know, this isn't the 1980s anymore. You can live a long and healthy life living with HIV. People like me don't bring death, we can actually bring life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A's statement \"People like me don't bring death, we can actually bring life\" is an example of non-literal meaning as it is not meant to be taken literally. It is a metaphorical statement to challenge the stigmatizing beliefs associated with HIV and to promote awareness that individuals with HIV can lead long and fulfilling lives.","questions":"How did PersonA challenge stigmatizing beliefs associated with HIV?","answer":"Words"}
{"text":["Yeah, exactly. The case of China is interesting because China makes it a practice in its Africa policy to claim non-interference in a country's politics. And that makes it a favorite in places like Sudan and like Zimbabwe, which have some very basic problems. But these African countries also have natural resources that China desires. And so there's this quid pro quo, so to speak.","And Russia, of course, is, you know, perhaps arguably the world's largest supplier of illicit arms, and that's, you know, a connection, as well. And, of course, North Korea has trained some Zimbabwean soldiers and has a good relationship with Mugabe. So you can see there's a connection.","Absolutely. Professor Keller, thank you so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) In turn (2), the speaker implies that there is a connection between Russia's illicit arms trade, North Korea's relationship with Mugabe, and Zimbabwe's political situation.","questions":"How is Russia connected to Zimbabwe's political situation?","answer":"Illicit"}
{"text":["Let me follow up on a couple of things. Attorney General Sessions and the Justice Department announced the change on affirmative action and a big vow a crack down on leaks, following the leak of White House - of transcripts from White House conversations between President Trump and prime minister of Australia and the president of Mexico.","Yes. Now, Jeff Sessions, despite his very public dispute with the president, who has been unhappy with him publicly, continues to be quite busy at the Department of Justice. The affirmative action issue is not quite clear. The Department of Justice claims there was less to that story than was originally claimed, that, in fact, they're merely looking at a single lawsuit, not looking to overhaul American policy to attack affirmative action broadly across the country.","On Friday, Attorney General Sessions announced this wide-ranging effort to root out leaks, which have been very rampant in the - under this administration to the great displeasure of the president and those in his orbit, announcing that he will re-evaluate the Department of Justice's guidelines on how they deal with leaks and potentially seek to target journalists more than is already done.","And we should note, to be fair, the Obama administration targeted at least one journalist, James Rosen, who was - phone calls from. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3), the implied meaning is that the Department of Justice is taking a strong stance on leaks and may be targeting journalists more aggressively than they have in the past, which could have implications for press freedom.","questions":"How might the Department of Justice potentially treat journalists differently in regards to leaks?","answer":"freedom"}
{"text":["Why?You know, if you've screw it up, what?You, like, lost 99 cents or $5?I mean, that's money. I'm not saying that that's not important, but God, when I use the cooking - when I lived in New York, it's like, if I screwed up, it was $30 down the drain.","Many of Christiane's recipes come from her own imagination. Others are adaptations from culinary classics like the \"Joy of Cooking\" and \"The Moosewood Cookbook. \"She says she realizes the low-budget nature of her book may not be appetizing to all palates. The 99-cent price tag does have a bit of a stigma.","I feel the same way sometimes. I'm a snob. I'll admit it. And so, you know, sometimes if I cook it, I'm like, oh, I'm pulling the ham out of the can. I don't know.","And maybe it's the ham, maybe it's not."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Using canned ham is not ideal or high quality.","questions":"What does PersonA admit to being?","answer":"Ham"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, you know, I've been all over places talking about this because clearly as a scientist who understands the peer review literature and the president of the AMS, who recently released a 2012 climate change statement, I know that climate change is an issue and there are things that we need to be concerned about with human-caused climate change and the natural climate change.","But on tornados, the peer review literature is just not very mature on this right now. It's much more mature on the link between climate change and drought or heat waves or even the intensity of rainfall, and even more so as well on hurricanes in terms of the intensity of hurricanes, perhaps, increasing in the future. And if I were to cascade along that spectrum, scientific literature relating individual tornadic occurrence in climate change is very immature at this point","I think we have to be careful on that jump, although I know there's a tendency to do it. There is great deal of research ongoing right now at places like Purdue University or even by one of our doctoral students, Victo Gensini, here at the University of Georgia, looking at climate change and the type of environment that might emerge that could support, you know, tornadic storms, wind shear profiles that Jeff Trapp and others at Purdue have been doing this work as well. So that's sort of where we are, and I think we just have to be very careful on sort of causality for individual tornadic storms.","And that's where we have to leave it. Thank you for joining us today, Dr.  Shepherd."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : On tornadoes there is not a lot of peer review literature to read. There are more articles and studies on climate change and drought and other things. If the person were to glance at articles in those areas he would still find very few on tornadic activity.","questions":"Which topic has more mature peer review literature, tornados or the link between climate change and drought?","answer":"Climate"}
{"text":["Over 700 people were killed this week when a stampede took place during the Hajj, the annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca. The sheer volume of pilgrims every year has led to problems before. In fact, over 1,400 people were killed in a similar incident back in 1990. This week, Iran and other regional powers criticized the Saudi Arabian government for poor management of the crowds that come to their holy places. Gary Sick is a senior research scholar at Columbia's Middle East Institute. He joins us now from New York. Thanks so much for being with us, Mr.  Sick.","It's a real pleasure.","What do you read into Iran's outspoken criticism of Saudi Arabia over these deaths?","This is very standard stuff. The Iranians and the Saudis have a running battle about the Hajj. And the worst incident they've ever had was actually back in 1987. In each case, they've blamed the Saudis. And in each case, the Saudis have blamed the pilgrims for misbehaving, for not doing what they were told. And on the previous case, the Saudis broke diplomatic relations with Iran over the incident. And that was only restored a few years later after Khomeini died."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) A: This is very standard stuff. (implied meaning: This type of disagreement between Iran and Saudi Arabia is not unusual or surprising.)","questions":"What was the implication of PersonA's statement?","answer":"Unusual"}
{"text":["As a parent, or as a wife, or both?","Well, I mean, how can I answer that?I spend a lot of time at home, especially now that I have kids, so, I'm mostly confronting these situations that involve white people making assumptions about me and my children. But, you know, when we go into Boston, both with my kids and with my husband when he was, you know, my boyfriend, or my fiance, or whatever, and we were living in the city, yes, I think, you know, we certainly got our fair share of double takes and then some. And not very subtle, either, by blacks which I also find just as disconcerting, if not more so.","You mention towards the end of your article that you are hopeful, but not necessarily convinced, that everything is moving in the right direction racially. Why do you think that?","Well, I really just don't know. You know, I am very hopeful because I think that, you know, my biggest fear as a parent is that my kids will somehow feel squeezed between these two identities, and feel forced to choose one. And there are many stories of, you know, friends and acquaintances of mine who are biracial who go through these stages of, you know, rejecting their black parent or feeling embarrassed by their black parent. And then reading \"Malcolm X\" freshman year in college and then rejecting their white parent. I mean, it's a very common thing, or it's not uncommon, at least."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker faces racial discrimination and stereotypes from both white and black people.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the discrimination she faces?","answer":"Doubletakes"}
{"text":["Hello.","Hi. I don't even know where to begin this story. It is so crazy. I guess I'll note Britons who do seem to love a really deliciously gossipy trashy tabloid tell-all, maybe they were overdue for a good scandal.","I have to say we've really, really needed it. Britain is exhausted by Brexit and the constant doom and gloom. So it's no surprise that WAGatha Christie, as you mentioned in the introduction, has broken the Internet today. And the reason why it's called WAGatha Christie is that WAG or WAGs is an acronym commonly used here to refer to the wives and girlfriends of high-profile athletes. And two of the women involved in today's feud are two of the most high-profile WAGs in the country.","OK. The wives or girlfriends in question here are Coleen Rooney and Rebekah Vardy. Who are these two women?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The story is very different from stories people normally here","questions":"How would you describe the story in comparison to other stories?","answer":"Different"}
{"text":["Fall color is peaking in New York's Adirondack Mountains. There's already been a first dusting of snow on the summits. North Country Public Radio's Brian Mann set out in his canoe to take in autumn's big show near Lake Placid, and he sent us back this audio postcard.","I'm paddling up the Chubb River, wildness all around me, tamaracks here by the shore and willows. This could easily be northern Canada. It's really crisp out here. You can really taste fall now in the air. And there is this kind of stained-glass look to the hillsides, like splashes of crimson red. I mean, just truly tropical red.","There's brilliant sun, and the maple and birch are lit up. As the river winds into the mountain valley, it narrows and narrows again, so I'm squeezing through a vein of water to get to the hiking trail, willow branches squeaking against the canoe. I pass a beaver lodge and turn. And suddenly, I'm right on top of a pair of indignant mallards that go whirring into the sky.","All right, guys, don't mean to scare you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It could be Canada because of the weather and the way it looks.  The hillsides have a large variety of trees that have different colored leaves on them.","questions":"What river is PersonA paddling up?","answer":"Chubb"}
{"text":["Yeah, I think so. I think it's sort of like - the way I've been thinking about it, whereas Neanderthals - they were kind of an archaeological group that was in search of genomics and genetic elucidation, so we had all these bones from individuals we knew were Neanderthals because we've studied their archaeology and the tools they made so well, and so we wanted to compare that archaeology, the people who carried those - made those tools to present-day humans, see how they were related.","But in the case of the Denisovans, we started with the DNA, and we know there must have been a population, and really interesting to see what they were like. The West Eurasian, the European archaeological record and the archaeological record of the Middle East, is really, really well-studied and characterized by European and Western researchers. But the archaeological record of the eastern parts of Eurasia is more poorly studied or not studied at least within the same framework.","And it's a vast region of the world, which we know had humans in it when modern humans exploded out of Africa 40 or 50 thousand years ago. And so it's really exciting, and the data, the DNA tells you it's exciting, to try to figure out who those humans were. They were not exactly Neanderthals.","Hmm. In fact, isn't it true that when this bone was first discovered, people just thought it was a human bone?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This bone turned out to be a bone of a different species than humans","questions":"Which species?","answer":"species"}
{"text":["Hobbes wrote about the challenges his generation faces in a December article for Highline, which is put out by the Huffington Post. Its headline, \"Millennials Are Screwed,\" caught our attention this week. And we asked Hobbes to explain his pessimistic prediction.","Healthcare, housing and education are more than five times more expensive than they were for our parents. There are fewer steady jobs. Wages have stagnated since the 1970s. I mean, I can go on and on and on. And so its weird that we're constantly talking about how millennials should do this differently, and millennials should do that differently. But we dont talk that much about - hey, the country around us can do some things differently, too.","So you obviously believe that the baby boomers messed up your life?How did they do that?","Well, I've gotten a lot of emails since the article came out from boomers that are saying, we've fallen off the ladder, too. And if you're 55 years old, there's a lot of discrimination for getting back into the workforce. But what we're seeing is that those impacts are concentrated on the young. So I think there's really three paradigm shifts. The first one is work has become much lower quality, basically - that there's fewer decent jobs now. Many of the jobs that are available are contingent work or sort of have been farmed out to contractors. Many fewer jobs provide things like pension, benefits or health care these days."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Millennials are not solely responsible for their situation, and other factors such as the country's policies play a role in it.","questions":"What is the first paradigm shift that the speaker mentions in response to the implied meaning of the turn?","answer":"Work"}
{"text":["So if there is somebody out there listening, and I'm sure there are people who are over 70 or over 80, and who have thought, well, I'd like to go back and pick up that extra degree and - but I don't know if it's practical, why would you tell them that it's something that's good to do?","First thing, why would it not be practical?If it's something someone wants and something they had missed all of their lives, and they know as they're getting older that they're getting closer to the end of the line, it is something they want to do before they pass on. You know, you didn't come here to stay and you will perish. So if that's the last thing you wanted to do, then I should do it. But first, I want to remind you that you must have good health, you must have good stamina and the interest has to be there. If the interest is not there, forget about it; you're wasting your time.","And as far as health goes, what's your best advice for how to stay healthy?","First, I would like to say I have never had a headache in my life. I don't take no medications for nothing. All my vital signs are good. You have to pay attention to what you eat, not eat too much fat, watch your salt intake, watch your alcohol intake, stay away from drugs and smoking."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"I have never had a headache in my life.\" - This turn is hyperbolic and exaggerates the speaker's lack of experience with headaches. It is unlikely to be literally true for most people.","questions":"How would you describe the PersonA's experience with headaches?","answer":"Hyperbolic"}
{"text":["Yeah, they hired an engineer from Southern California, a guy named John Minasian. And Minasian was an expert in towers, and he built rocket gantries for Cape Canaveral for the Saturn rockets. He also built missile testing gantries for the Air Force at Edwards Air Force Base and broadcast towers. And he contributed pretty significantly to the Needle design in terms of - for one thing, being from Southern California, he'd studied with Richter at Caltech. He said you're going to - we're going to put in a foundation that will stand the test of time.","Mm-hmm. And it has been and, you know, you're in a very tectonic part of the world. There are a lot of earthquakes that happen here. I imagine that was taken into account in the design.","Yeah. They did wind tunnel test at the University of Washington, and they basically doubled the load so that it was twice the required code at the time. I talked to an engineer who worked on the project says it could - it'll stay standing with a nine point, you know, quake.","Wow. Well, and was it designed with the Cold War in mind?We were right in the middle of the coldest past of the Cold War at that time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They were in the middle of the highest tensions between the two countries.","questions":"Which period?","answer":"Cold-War"}
{"text":["(Laughter).",". . . And who he, Mr.  Trump, says are helping to rig the election with biased media coverage in any case?","Yeah. Well, yeah. I guess that - I guess we are definitely - us corrupt journalists are definitely the ones who are in the danger zone here. But the real problem here is - let's presume - and all the polls are pointing in this direction - Hillary Clinton wins. You know, we could be having. . .","But - which we don't presume when we cover the news."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that B is pushing back against the idea that journalists presume Clinton will win and are biased in their coverage.","questions":"How is PersonB responding to the idea of biased media coverage? (Answer: pushing back)","answer":"Pushing-back"}
{"text":["Which he said, actually, publicly.","Well, yeah. But then to go one step further and say we recognize Russia's sovereignty over Crimea - now, that will be an astonishing step. I think the more sinister and conspiratorial version is that Trump basically says to Putin that he no longer believes in NATO, that America has got no intention of honoring its Article 5 commitment to intervene if a NATO ally is attacked and effectively says, look. Vladimir, Europe is U. S. -free of influence. If you want to do some kind of adventure in the Baltics or revisit Ukraine or do something else, we are not going to intervene.","Is there a concern within Europe at this point about the relationship between President Putin and President Trump?","I think concern doesn't really capture it. I think it's worse than that. I think it's dismay because you have to bear in mind that what happened in the United States in 2016 has also happened on the European continent and continues to happen. And it's working. I mean, that's not to say that it's just Russia that is creating these forces. But what Putin is doing very cynically and very cleverly is to instrumentalize fault lines in European society over Brexit, over the economy, over austerity and to encourage populism. So we now have a far-right government in Italy, in Hungary, in Poland. And, essentially, Russia likes all this very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Fault lines are ways that people will get shaken up over events that are being caused by Putin.","questions":"How are people getting shaken up over events caused by Putin?","answer":"Dismay"}
{"text":["Nice to be here, Lulu.","Why study Mars's core?What can it teach us?","We know the outside of Mars, and we understand the inside of the Earth. And one of the reasons we're interested in Mars is because it's a planet of a similar sort of size to the Earth and Venus. So getting into the interior of it will help us understand how long it took for it to cool down because it's now a cooler planet than the Earth. It no longer does all that exciting plate tectonic stuff that the Earth does. And we'll get a sense of how stiff the external crust is, how malleable the mantle is and whether the core is liquid or not. Those are all the things that really matter for the physics of the Earth, so we assume they're going to matter for the physics of Mars, too.","The first successful Mars landing was almost 50 years ago, which is quite a while. And many have failed since then. Why?How hard is it actually to get there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asking about Mars's core can teach us something.","questions":"Which planet's core can help us understand the physics of Earth?","answer":"Earth"}
{"text":["Thank you.","Are there drawbacks to this kind of partnership?","Are there drawbacks to partnering with Bashar al-Assad?None that I can think of, Scott.","None that I can - of course, there are practical drawbacks. Which is to say when you partner or with a lying terrorist, it's not a stable relationship. They're not really good at stable relationships except with other lying terrorists. And there are profound moral consequences to this. And you know, you don't envy Barack Obama in this situation because he doesn't want to be a partner - in a perverse way, partner - with this terrible man and this terrible regime. On the other hand, if you can remove the chemical weapons from Syria, and that's an enormous if, who wouldn't jump at that chance?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is being sarcastic in response to B's question and implies that there are many drawbacks to partnering with Bashar al-Assad.","questions":"How did PersonA respond to PersonB's question about drawbacks of partnering with Bashar al-Assad?","answer":"Sarcastic"}
{"text":["What options are open now for the United States to undertake this week, this month, if necessary?","Yeah. I think what the United States really has to concentrate on now is the root cause of the humanitarian catastrophe that is engulfing all of Syria's neighbors, to say nothing of Syria itself. The real driver behind this is the practice of the Assad regime, which was described in a U. N.  report released on the 4th of June as systematic crimes against humanity. And the main one is the shelling of populated areas not under regime control. The use of artillery, aircraft, even scud missiles to terrorize people in these urban areas and in these towns and villages - this is what's driving the humanitarian crisis. And this is what I think the United States really has to take a look at in terms of a response. The response may be timed to some ultimate finding about chemical weapons use but the danger is that the chemical weapons then can become a distractor here. What's really right in front of our face right now is a humanitarian catastrophe that is engulfing not only Syria but its neighbors.","Ambassador Frederic Hof, who's now with the Atlantic Council. Thank you so much, sir, for coming in.","Scott, it's been a real pleasure. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The literal meaning of turn (1) is a request for information about the options available to the United States at present. The implied meaning, however, is that the speaker is concerned about the situation in Syria and is looking for possible courses of action that the United States could take to address the root cause of the humanitarian crisis there. The speaker believes that the Assad regime's practice of shelling populated areas not under its control is the main driver behind the crisis and that this should be the focus of the United States' response.","questions":"What is the United States' response supposed to focus on according to the speaker?","answer":"Shelling"}
{"text":["So how much should they save?","I kind of break up savings into two major funds - the emergency fund, and that's the one you've always heard about, three to six months of living expenses. Start with just a little. Listen, just start with a month, and that means that you have enough saved up that if you lost your job, you could at least live on your savings for one month.","Then I suggest you have what I call the life happens fund. So that would be a fund that you put money in for like major car repairs or if something happens to your roof because otherwise, you're going to dip into that emergency fund, and when a true emergency comes, like a job loss - and millions of people know exactly what that means right now - that money isn't there.","All right. Let's say you want to do that, but you are living paycheck to paycheck. How do you look through your expenses and figure out what you can trim and what you can save?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : paycheck to paycheck implies that the amount a person makes can only cover necessities","questions":"What does paycheck to paycheck imply?","answer":"Necessities"}
{"text":["Well, it's not as if Senator Gregg didn't know that President Obama is a Democrat and this is a democratic administration.","So, I mean, what was it that changed his mind all of a sudden?","Well, that's an excellent point. I would just add to what you said in - you know, in a very direct fashion, that he clearly knew about the stimulus package. He had recused himself from voting in the Senate as a potential nominee for a commerce secretary position. I think that what really changed it for him had a lot to do with the census issue, Madeleine. And this is the case here that the census is run by the commerce secretary. It comes under his mandate.","And what you heard from black and Latino elected officials in the Congress was great concern that Judd Gregg, who had once voted to eliminate the Commerce Department, said, you know what?We're concerned that he is not going to be open to doing the kind of count that we think is necessary to get a full estimate of the presence of minorities in this country, which of course will influence congressional districts and how they're drawn, influence funding for - especially for social programs. And the argument has long come from minority communities that they have been undercounted."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Senator Gregg should have behaved as if aware that Obama and administration are Democrats","questions":"Which party did President Obama belong to?","answer":"Democratic"}
{"text":["Yesterday, General Motors announced that it would review its contracts with ad agencies to see whether or not they should even be renewed. Let's say you were working on a car company advertising campaign. What should they do to actually get American consumers to buy cars?","Yeah, I think there's a deeper question there, Alex, to be honest, about - with the car companies. If I were pitching them right now, or I was being asked to prove that it's worth doing, I would really, really want to understand what their view of the future of their industry is. And I would want to align my marketing around their authentic view of their business, right?","What I absolutely think they should do right now?They should do a series of advertisements, purely authentic and honest, basically saying, look, for the past 30 years, they've messed up. They've run afoul of obvious economic externalities. And I think if they are authentic, and they do a mea culpa, people will regain some trust in them. That might be a futile attempt, frankly, at this point because I think that they are lumbering giants.","So, how are companies reshaping their marketing strategies to deal with customers who may not want to buy anything right now?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Car companies need to understand their industry's future to create effective advertising","questions":"How should car companies align their marketing strategies with their industry's future?","answer":"Align"}
{"text":["That is very funny. What about dessert?Give me a dessert for the holidays that you love.","One of my favorite ones is this cornmeal and rosemary cake. So we use polenta corn meal and a little bit of rosemary. And you bake it, it becomes basically like a pound cake. It's buttery and rich. It's the holidays. That happens. Sometimes I stud it with some cranberries for some color, other times I do not. It depends on my mood. And then I top it with a balsamic syrup. So I reduce balsamic, gets nice and thick like a chocolate sauce, and then I pour it over the top. I can't tell you - breakfast, lunch dinner, whatever, snack, it is phenomenal. It's one of the those things I keep in my house during the holidays.","That sounds fantastic. So, you're a mother now, and your baby's first Christmas is coming up. How's that going to affect you to have someone - a little tiny one to take through the holidays?","You know, she's now about eight months, and so she's not quite a year old yet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The cake is not made of traditional cake ingredients.","questions":"What ingredients are used to make the cake?","answer":"Cornmeal"}
{"text":["Well, I just hope that we can make it through. I don't know. We don't know what is in store - you know, the future has for us because we've already - when they cut the shifts back, we've already lost a lot of our business from over there. Now, there's going to be nobody, and we just don't know where it's going to go from there.","And this is a family business, I understand.","Yes, it is. Yes, it's me and my sisters. My father works here. My son's a grill cook. And, you know, we're not a big chain, so we're just really wondering what's going to happen. We're trying really hard to hang in there, but it's pretty scary.","And you say that you've had this business for 15 years."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to not know whats in store means that you don't know what will happen","questions":"Which phrase indicates uncertainty about the future?","answer":"Uncertainty"}
{"text":["I gather - at first, you thought this might be a short book. Why?","I thought, and actually, at first, I didn't want to do it when it was proposed to me. And I was even a little bit offended by the fact that someone wants to kind of lump this very, very large region into one book. You know, the Nordics is a geographical region. It's not really a cultural region.","Now, our research team tells us split pea soup is a dish that reaches across the region we're talking about.","It is. One thing that ties the whole region together is the fact that you'll have four very distinctive seasons, and at least one of them, regardless where in the region you are, is going to be a season where you can't really harvest any plant materials for food. So a lot of those dishes that are based on something that can be stored really well through winter like, for example, the dried peas for the split pea soup, they are actually dishes that you can find, if not in the whole region, at least in parts of it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  I thought, and actually, at first, I didn't want to do it when it was proposed to me. And I was even a little bit offended by the fact that someone wants to kind of lump this very, very large region into one book. You know, the Nordics is a geographical region. It's not really a cultural region.  In this turn, the speaker is expressing their initial reluctance and offense towards the idea of creating a book that encompasses the entire Nordic region. The literal meaning of the statement is clear, but the implicated meaning goes beyond the words themselves. The speaker implies that the cultural diversity within the Nordic region is significant and should not be oversimplified or generalized.","questions":"Which region was the speaker initially reluctant and offended to have lumped into one book?","answer":"Nordics"}
{"text":["\u2026of the entire family. And you've got the ability to sit from that distance and observe natural behavior.","You know, there have been stories written about park rangers and others who have very strong personal connections to these animals. I know that some of them have named them. How does that come about?","Well, the park rangers, in my opinion, are the real heroes of mountain gorilla conservation. They are the guys who are out on a day-to-day basis, doing the work of conservation. And in the case of D. R. C. , they are risking their lives. We probably have lost 120 to 150 guards over the last 15 years in the Congo. And I think it indicates the kind of courage that these guys have, putting their life on the line, protecting animals that they have worked with on a day-to-day basis or, in some cases, decades.","Are there other animals that are also endangered in that area, especially as a result of the finding, in addition to the gorilla?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In the literal sense, (3) describes park rangers as individuals who work in the conservation of mountain gorillas, and who risk their lives for that purpose. However, the implied meaning of (3) is that park rangers are selfless heroes who are dedicated to their work, even if it means putting their lives at risk. ","questions":"How would you describe the park rangers in the Congo?","answer":"Heroes"}
{"text":["Well, I think there is a feeling of shock, number one. And number two, there's a great deal of fear that this will spiral Sri Lanka down into interreligious violence that will be much more intense than what we've seen in the recent years.","Is Christianity something that Sri Lankans sort of wear in a visible fashion?I mean, would people know whether their co-workers or their neighbors are Christian?Or is this something that people sort of carry under the surface that you might not be aware of?","Well, I think people are very free, usually, in talking about their religious identity. And Catholics would wear particular items like scapulars or miraculous medals that would indicate their affiliation. When it comes to worship, however, women do veil. And if you go into churches like St.  Sebastian's or St.  Anthony's, there will be signs admonishing people to veil - women to veil. So there is a sense of distinctiveness, but it's not the sense that Catholics are identifiable by particular clothing or forms of speech.","Having spent time among Sri Lankan Christians, were you surprised to see this group targeted in such a vicious way?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Carry under the surface\" means the Catholics would not publicly display anything that reveals that they are Catholic.","questions":"How would you describe the way Catholics in Sri Lanka display their religious identity?","answer":"Distinctiveness"}
{"text":["I mean there's no logic to what he does. There's no way to anticipate what he's going to do. Often, what he ends up doing defies logic, defies everybody's expectations, defies explanation.","When you hear this from people who've been around the president, is there a but anywhere?Do they say, I love this man, but?","There used to be. Remember - so I've done - this is my second book. This is effectively a sequel. I've spent the last three years pretty much non-stop talking about Donald Trump. And there used to be buts. There are no buts now. I might make a reservation for some of the most sycophantic people around him. But even they, if you push them a little, get to the vile and ludicrous pretty quickly.","I'm thinking of a description attributed to a former senior White House official, Steve Bannon, describing the president the United States and the president of Russia, Putin and Trump, quote, \"two narcissistic, cult leader-type presidents. Both had populist talents, yet both were ultimately out for their own benefit. \"And then a key line here, I think - of the two, Putin was the far cleverer one. It sounds like even Steve Bannon, who did so much to promote the president's career, doesn't seem to think he's very bright."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Even people who are sycophantic towards the president eventually admit his flaws","questions":"How do even sycophantic people describe the president's flaws?","answer":"Flaws"}
{"text":["Well, we had some great conversations about what it took to play the position. And you know, Bob Watson, who started out as a catcher, was one of the committee members. Phil Niekro, Bert Blyleven and Don Sutton, Pat Gillick, all pitchers, all Hall Famers, were really able to add a lot of insight to what it must have been like.","And the other - one of the main things we talked about was just how they played much shorter schedules in the 1870s. So when you look at career statistics, that's a huge distortion. Deacon White ended up with 2,000 career hits, but he was playing in a - in an average of 40, 50, 60-game schedules a year. So there was no way to generate the kind of career milestones that we look at as benchmarks today. You know, 3,000 hits would be all but impossible. And 2,000 was a terrific accomplishment.","And the number of errors he recorded even as a great defensive catcher would have been, you know, totally unacceptable by today's standards.","Oh, exactly. Yeah. And again, an issue where we had to really sort of look at what - compare him to people from his own era. And when we did that, you know, it became really obvious just how much he stood above his contemporaries.","Are the records from those days good enough that you have reliable accounts of who was good and who was great?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The standards for catcher errors have evolved over time.","questions":"How have catcher error standards changed?","answer":"Evolved"}
{"text":["Science and magic are supposed to be opposites. Science is real, and it's hard, and it's facts-driven. Magic is illusion, and it's make-believe. Two separate worlds. But not for Teller, half of the famous magic duo Penn & Teller. He recently wrote an article for Smithsonian magazine, outlining the secrets that magicians use to manipulate the human mind and how those tricks may be put to use by scientists. At the core of every trick, he wrote, is a cold, cognitive experiment in perception. Does the trick fool the audience?","Well, in this portion of the program, we would like to hear from the magicians out there. What is the trick that proved most difficult for you to master?And if you want to share its secret, what was its secret?Our number is 800-989-8255. Our email address is talk@npr. org. And you can join the conversation on our website. Go to npr. org, and click on TALK OF THE NATION. Teller joins us from NPR member station KNPR in Las Vegas. Teller, thanks very much for joining us.","Happy to be here.","So psychologists talk about the artistic intuition that magicians have, this innate ability honed over time, a lot, a lot of time to grab a person's attention and control it and manipulate it. Are they right about that?Are psychologists on to something in this assessment of what you magicians are really up to?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Grab a person's attention and control it and manipulate it.\" The speaker uses the terms \"grab,\" \"control,\" and \"manipulate\" to describe the actions of magicians. In this context, they mean captivating and directing someone's attention through skillful techniques, rather than forcibly or negatively manipulating them.","questions":"Which three words does the speaker use to describe the actions of magicians in turn 3?","answer":"control"}
{"text":["Not defend - or explain it or, like, make a joke out of it. Or. . .","Well, I mean, that's what we - that's what a comedian does anyway. We're just making light of things that are going on. Or we're pointing out an injustice and trying to make it funny. Or we're trying to ultimately entertain. But, you know, sometimes, some comics - you know, they want to be social justice warriors. I don't ever feel like I have to 'cause I'm already multiracial, multiethnic as it is anyway?","What is your background?","Well, I'm just mixed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of this turn is to state that the speaker is of mixed racial and\/or ethnic heritage. However, the actual meaning is to downplay the significance of the speaker's racial and ethnic identity.","questions":"How does the speaker describe their racial and ethnic identity?","answer":"racial"}
{"text":["What does she say - the captain?Does she say, I was just - I needed to dock the ship?","She said, I was respecting international law. And in fact, there are many constitutional experts here in Italy - also say that the decree is in violation of Italy's constitution and its treaties on international law, the U. N.  convention on asylum and on the right of anybody to come into a country and ask for asylum.","Now, issues of immigration and migrants, how to handle them - this has been front and center in Italy for years. How are Italians reacting to this case?How do they view the captain - what she was trying to do here?","Well, the reactions are as polarized as the country is, and she's a symbol of the divisions over the government's anti-migrant policies. Many on the center-left treat her as a heroine, while Salvini has called her a pirate and an outlaw. The media's dubbed this the battle of the two captains - Captain Rackete of the Sea-Watch and Salvini, who's known to his populist followers as il capitano."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : when something is front and center in this context it means its out in the open, or some type of problem everyone notices","questions":"What is the meaning of \"front and center\" in this dialogue?","answer":"out"}
{"text":[". . . He had some important local impact. And that is something that we should not lose sight of - is that the journalists that are being targeted in Mexico are local journalists doing the work that no other news organization, the large news organizations are not doing, which is expose. . .","Yeah.",". . . Corruption, expose crime, expose government negligence in the localities and cities and towns across Mexico, and we are being deprived of those voices.","I gather that cartel violence is also growing in Mexico. Do you see these two facts as related?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : We are being deprived of the media that tells the stories of illegal activity in Mexico.","questions":"How are local journalists affected in Mexico?","answer":"Targeted"}
{"text":["I think that teenagers - I mean, some were very passionately involved in this. And, you know, teachers do feel things very passionately. It's why they're such a great audience to write for. But others are getting a little bit fed up because these controversies within YA, especially, are dominated by adults, and they're led by adults. So the teens are starting to kind of push back a little bit and saying, you know, this community is supposed to be for us, and you guys are messing it up.","(Laughter) As adults often do mess up things, don't we?","It's true. We ruin everything.","Kat Rosenfield, her article \"The Toxic Drama On YA Twitter\" is on Vulture. com. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Adults tend to make mistakes and create chaos when they meddle in things that are meant for teenagers.","questions":"What is the reason for teenagers pushing back in controversies within YA?","answer":"Adults"}
{"text":["\"The Burning Girl\" is the latest novel from Claire Messud, author of \"The Emperor's Children\" and other acclaimed novels. She's also taught creative writing and special programs at many colleges and joins us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks, Scott, for having me.","What's the special intensity of being BFFs as youngsters?","(Laughter) You know, I think it's an almost ineffable experience. And maybe that's why I wanted to try to write about it. When you're a kid, and someone is your best friend, you almost don't need words. It's almost like puppies in a - frolicking in a garden or something. You don't articulate stuff. You just live it. And one of the things I fear that happens is you get - move into adolescence is a sort of self-consciousness and self-awareness that makes that unthinking intimacy less possible."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) What's the special intensity of being BFFs as youngsters?","questions":"What does the author compare the unthinking intimacy of childhood friendship to?","answer":"Puppies"}
{"text":["Well, because there are a number of reasons that a security clearance can be denied. Among them would be foreign contacts, foreign business interests, criminal activity, financial instability, drug and alcohol use. And some of these are very serious. If employees who had the history of these issues - and they weren't properly mitigated, they could be a risk to national security if they received security clearances.","You're saying hypothetically those could be reasons security clearances would be denied. Were they in these cases reasons that they were denied?","Some of them were applicable in different cases, yes.","Is overriding 25 security clearance denials a large number?I have no idea what's normal in this situation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Is overriding 25 security clearance denials a large number?I have no idea what's normal in this situation.\" - The actual meaning is that B is unsure if overriding 25 security clearance denials is a large number compared to what is considered normal in this situation.","questions":"What is PersonB's concern about overriding 25 security clearance denials?","answer":"Number"}
{"text":["All right. Let's start with this violence. What are you hearing?A bad night from all sides.","Yeah, the country's just really tense. I mean, overnight, there were four people killed in an area that's opposition heavy. And this morning, we heard accusations that they were shot to death because of their tribe. The police chief says that's just not true and that politicians are using that to incite violence. But either way, the killings have unleashed riots in some parts of Nairobi. People have set cars and buses on fire. And in some other areas, there's looting, and some residents have set up checkpoints where they're asking for ID, basically trying to confirm tribe. So there's running battles right now with police. And a member of Parliament from the opposition party was shot in the leg during one of those confrontations. And that's just likely to inflame tensions even more.","Right. And, of course, this is coming before this very important case before the Supreme Court. This is the second time the Supreme Court is deciding on a very important issue - whether or not to nullify the election again, right?","Yeah. If you remember, this same court threw out the first presidential elections back in August. And they said they found too many irregularities so they ordered new ones. Those were held last month. And now the court is deciding whether that election met the constitutional standards. There's a lot of questions before the court, but the central one has to do with violence. The Kenyan Constitution says that elections have to be held in an atmosphere that is free from intimidation and free from violence. But just before these elections, the opposition leader pulled out of the contest."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The country's just really tense means that the majority of the population is tense and not that the country is intense. ","questions":"Which word describes the state of the country according to turn 0?","answer":"Tense"}
{"text":["Why do cockroaches flip over on their backsides when they die?","But I understand now, when it comes to answering the question of the year, you're not going to go with that one. Why not?","This happens every year. Readers write in and point out that some of the questions on our list have been answered elsewhere on the Web. It turned out this year that our top three vote-getters have all been answered elsewhere. So we had to default to question number four.","And what is that question?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : We had to settle for the fourth question because the top three questions have already been answered elsewhere.","questions":"What was the reason for settling with the fourth question?","answer":"Answered"}
{"text":["Oh, absolutely. I mean, you've been very lucky as a Cubs fan. You've always had Wrigley Field, which is an intimate stadium. And that's what these new stadiums are trying to recreate. Even Yankee Stadium, if you go on their website today, Scott, they actually tout the fact that home plate is 27 feet closer than in the old Yankee Stadium.","So they bring in the home plate. They bring in the sidelines. Everybody's much closer to the action, but they're also closer to the danger. And they haven't had a corresponding increase in the safety precautions up the lines.","Does the netting remove what can be a very exciting play in foul territory - the catcher, the third baseman, the first baseman, reaching over and snagging a pop foul?","You know, maybe there's some of that. I think there's some fear that players won't be able to make quite the plays that they were in the past. You know, we've lived with netting behind home plate. And those are the best seats in the house. And they're always filled. You don't hear catchers complaining too much about the netting behind them. The seats up the line are just as dangerous."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is implying that the increase in closeness to the action is not matched by an increase in safety, so people may be put in danger.","questions":"What is the potential danger of the increased closeness to the action?","answer":"Danger"}
{"text":["They have been sheltered. And now, several of - because Salvini said, I won't accept them unless other countries take them. And several other European countries have agreed to divide them up.","And meanwhile, in general, migrants are continuing to come to Europe in big numbers.","Not really. There's been a huge drop in the first six months of this year - 2,100, compared to about 14,300 the year before. That's an 85% drop.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Salvini is using a bargaining tactic to share the burden of hosting the migrants with other European countries","questions":"What tactic is Salvini using to share the burden of hosting the migrants with other European countries?","answer":"Divide"}
{"text":["The president said Mr.  Bolden, has there ever been a negro on the White House detail protecting and guarding the president of the United States?I said not to my knowledge, Mr.  President. He said, would you like to be the first one?I said yes, sir, Mr.  President.","And he said, I'll be looking forward to seeing you in Washington, D. C. , and that's how I happened to be appointed to the White House detail.","You had that moment, this incredible moment, and then you write very early in the narrative, in the book, about an agent who was not so friendly. You describe him saying I'm going to tell you something, and I don't want you to ever forget it. You're a (censored). You were born a (censored), and when you die, you'll still be a (censored). So act like one.","What did you really face when it came to dealing with your colleagues?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Would you like to be the first one implies that the president already knew there had never been a negro on the White House detail","questions":"Which detail was Mr. Bolden appointed to?","answer":"House"}
{"text":["All right.","OK, but anyway, we're all working at the same - working so hard and so long on trying to get something done because we're - people like me are doing this because they love the country, and they're worried about it. We've got a lot of us around, and we're trying to find our place in this thing, and it looks like the White House and the Republicans do have a way to get information in.","It's very hard for changes to be made and agreements. I don't know how they're doing that. It's a very strange kind of organization. But. . .","Well, let me ask you, how much did the election change things?There's the same cast of characters, pretty much.","Well, I - people that aren't there negotiating, and I'm not there, but people that aren't are speculating on all kinds of things, in terms of the president is playing with more power, he acts like a tyrant because he won the election. I don't really see that at this point, that there is any big change because of the election.","Well, the president, if he campaigned on one thing, it was raise taxes on the wealthy."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The president doesn't seem to be acting like a tyrant, despite speculation that he's using more power since winning the election.","questions":"What is the speculation surrounding the president's behavior after winning the election?","answer":"Power"}
{"text":["The incident that I wrote about in the column, I remember it because it was so rare. You know, you'll see some passengers looking at other passengers in perhaps a rude manner - like if you see someone wearing a niqab and other passengers are sort of gaping at them rudely. That happens. But for a passenger to say, this person is suspicious - and, you know, it may be for racist or Islamophobic reasons - it's extremely rare.","Do you recall any stories?","What happened was we were flying from south Florida to JFK. And a middle-aged white women leaned forward, and she whispered to me. She said, there is a man four people behind me in a green shirt, and he is very suspicious. And I immediately thought, this woman might be racist; I also need to take her seriously. So I asked her, what is he doing?Can you describe for me what about him is suspicious?And she just said, you'll see. And so I thought, OK, well then, I must be able to see something. When he came down, he just seemed completely normal. He was not jittery in any way. He was not looking around suspiciously. His clothing was normal. The green shirt was a Green Bay Packers shirt. It was football season. And. . .","As a Bears fan, I would also immediately pick on the Green Bay Packers fan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - The speaker is suggesting that they should take the green shirt as a possible sign of suspicion, despite the fact that it was football season and the man was wearing a Green Bay Packers shirt.","questions":"How was the man's shirt described?","answer":"Green"}
{"text":["So there were a couple of feuds on the blog this week. Break them down for us.","Well, I'll start with the more-amusing one: Aretha Franklin versus Beyonce and Beyonce's dad. So flash back to last week's Grammys. Beyonce introduced her duet partner, Tina Turner, as the queen. Aretha Franklin, the reigning Queen of Soul, was none too pleased and released a statement saying it was a cheap shot for controversy. Beyonce's dad\/manager responded, saying Franklin's statement was ridiculous.","Now, most people on our blog seem to agree. C.  Cody(ph) wrote: Re-re(ph) should have exercised her right to remain queen by remaining silent; and Willis Page(ph) had his own beef with Ms.  Franklin. He wrote: I've had tickets to see Aretha Franklin three times, and three times she has cancelled in different cities. How about being mad at the title of Queen of No-shows?","And then the other big feud this week was between Tavis Smiley and Michelle Obama. Journalist Tavis Smiley invited Barack Obama to speak at his annual State of the Black Union. Obama declined, saying he had to campaign, but he offered to send his wife, Michelle, in his place. Tavis Smiley essentially said no thanks."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Aretha Franklin was offended by Beyonce introducing Tina Turner as the queen at the Grammys.","questions":"How was Aretha Franklin offended at the Grammys?","answer":"Cheap"}
{"text":["The White House and the state of California are in the middle of a war over auto emissions. Now 17 automakers are calling for a truce. They want the two sides to reach a compromise on emission standards. The automakers' proposal offers a middle ground between existing Obama-era standards and the Trump administration's announced rollbacks of those standards. NPR's Camila Domonoske has been following this and is in the studio with us this morning. Thanks for coming in.","Yeah, happy to be here.","First, just describe the nature of this standoff. How did it come to be?","Right. So during the Obama administration, the White House set these ambitious targets for fuel economy, basically saying that year over year, cars on average should get more miles per gallon as a way to reduce the contribution to climate change. So these targets were set through 2025 with specific goals every year. The Trump administration wants to freeze those targets at 2020 levels. So basically, instead of getting more efficient over time, cars could stay about where they are now."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Trump administration wants to keep fuel economy targets at 2020 levels.","questions":"Which targets does the Trump administration want to freeze?","answer":"Targets"}
{"text":["It probably had more to do with Moore - Roy Moore - and his unique trainload of baggage. But it's still hard not to compare it to what happened back in 2010 when Scott Brown was elected in Massachusetts, taking Teddy Kennedy's seat. And this was at about the same point in President Obama's first term.","That really changed the mood on Capitol Hill. It did not stop the passage of Obamacare, but it signaled a big turnover in Congress in the next elections. And we could be heading into a correction here in the other direction under President Trump.","NPR's Ron Elving. Thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) implies gratitude and appreciation, (3) implies that the conversation is coming to an end","questions":"What emotion does turn 3 convey?","answer":"Politeness"}
{"text":["Have you been - has there been any retribution for that kind of storytelling?","Actually, there has not been overall. There has been certain individuals from the book who have contacted me, who now are upset, because they figure can immediately identify them. But prior to the book, and while I was writing it, I did reach out to the majority of the people in the book, and, you know, inform them that I was writing the book, and how I was depicting them in the book.","And I told them that I was changing their names and - you know, and I read to them their descriptions and things of that nature. So a lot of people were very supportive in the beginning, and a lot of people are still continuing to be supportive.","But I think, you know, because now the book, you know, is festering, people are starting to read it, they're getting to pick out and, you know, identify certain people in the book. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Certain individuals are unhappy because they can recognize themselves in the book","questions":"Which feeling is expressed by the individuals who can identify themselves in the book?","answer":"Upset"}
{"text":[". . . Of Puerto Rico. (Laughter) So that would leave the secretary of the Department of Education fourth in line. And he took over that agency from Julia Keleher, who is facing corruption charges in federal court.","Oh, my goodness.","And I think it's important to remember that the arrest of the former Department of Education secretary almost three weeks ago initiated this head-spinning series of events that has led to Governor Rossello's announcement last Wednesday that he was resigning.","Mr.  Trelles, I just want to know because we're going so far down the line of succession, is there some point in the rules where the governorship just falls to you, that it's the editor of Radio Ambulante who becomes governor of Puerto Rico?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It is being implied that if everyone resigns he will be the new leader.","questions":"What position could the editor of Radio Ambulante potentially hold in Puerto Rico?","answer":"Governor"}
{"text":["OK, it's getting there. It's close.","Look - peaks are holding. Peaks are holding. OK. So let's scoop this out. We're going to make two. OK, what I'm doing here is I'm making a divot because that's where our egg yolk's going to go, but first we want to bake this for three minutes.","And we're going to put the salt on now?","Yeah, we can do it now. Sprinkle it to taste. And you know what?Let's do some cheese too because cheese is good."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Preparing divots for egg yolks and baking for three minutes.","questions":"How long should they bake the divots for?","answer":"Remove"}
{"text":["Well, many of the discussions I've had with other educators is that many times, we have to have a partner - or if we are single, that our partner's income supports our teaching habits, if you will. Certified teachers with master's degrees teaching in their district for 15 years are still making around $30,000 to $35,000 within their district. To have that amount of education and that amount of experience and be paid that wage, that's not a livable wage.","Arizona is a right-to-work state, which means unions don't have much power to negotiate there. Kentucky, West Virginia, Oklahoma are, too. These are all states with Republican legislatures. And we've seen actions by teachers recently in those states, as well. Do you wish you had a union speaking for you?Would that be an answer?","The reason why I got involved was because of the teacher-led grassroots movement. We have been supported by other organizations. Arizona Education Association, which is our union - our teacher union here in the state - have been supporting us. Do I wish that a union was representing us?I'm glad that they are supporting us.","Why do you think this is happening now in places like Kentucky and West Virginia and Oklahoma and now Arizona?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The wage paid to certified teachers with master's degrees and 15 years of experience is not sufficient to live on.","questions":"How much do certified teachers with master's degrees and 15 years of experience make within their district?","answer":"$30,000"}
{"text":["That's right. In the last few years where, as a fugitive, when he was living in Belgrade, he eked out this living as a new age guru. He grew a big bushy white beard, had glasses, had a top knot at the top of his head tied up with a black ribbon. He presented this rather remarkable monk-like figure and, as you say, hid in plain sight. He was often at seminars and conferences about alternative medicine.","He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The woman worked with Interpol and had the opportunity to recognize Radovan Karodzic but she never did.","questions":"What was the woman's profession?","answer":"Interpol"}
{"text":["Jeffrey Mann was once a hard driving college athlete. But his dreams were dashed when he suffered a series of injuries. He managed to make it to the conference finals in the 400-meter hurdle race, but came in dead last. Twenty-five years later, he decided that failure was not an option. Jeffrey Mann is a religion professor at Susquehanna University in Pennsylvania. And when we spoke with him, post-race, he told us his return to the track wasn't exactly by design.","It wasn't really planned. I had been exercising and working out and doing a little bit of running on my own. And I ended up in a conversation with the head coach, here, of the track team. And as we were talking, he found out a little bit about my history and where I was at and told me that there was a possibility for me to compete in a Division III intercollegiate competition.","But that sounds theoretical. You took it seriously.","I think I was a little bit overly optimistic when I first accepted the challenge. But I thought how much could I possibly have slowed down in 25 years?And so I decided to take on the challenge and compete as a - what they call an unattached runner at a college meet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"ended up\" in (2) means that the person did not plan to do something, but it happened anyway. ","questions":"Which word in turn 1 suggests that the person did not intend to do something?","answer":"Ended"}
{"text":["What options does the U. S.  have?","Sanctions are a key part of maximum pressure campaign that the Trump administration has been advancing. And sanctions have never been as tough - tougher than now. They're broad. They target sectors. They try to cut off North Korea's efforts to earn hard currency to support their economy and their nuclear weapons program. And there is anecdotal evidence that the North Koreans are starting to feel the pinch. And I think the Olympic outreach is in part a sign of the fact that they're feeling the pinch of sanctions and that they saw outreach as a way to try to get South Korea to agree to loosen sanctions implementation or try to lure South Korea away from the maximum pressure campaign.","Jung Pak, a senior fellow at Brookings Institution Center for East Asia Policy Studies. Thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2): Sanctions are a key part of the Trump administration's strategy to increase pressure on North Korea. Sanctions are stronger than ever and are designed to limit North Korea's ability to earn money to support their economy and nuclear program. North Korea is beginning to feel the effects of these sanctions and is using outreach to try to ease the sanctions and lessen the pressure","questions":"What is North Korea's motivation for using outreach?","answer":"Ease"}
{"text":["Yeah. So yesterday afternoon about 2 p. m. , I had actually one of our local news reporters at our paper come into my office. And he said, Anne, you have to Google Michigan chalking tires and tell me what you think. So it was a quick conversation and a phone call to our police chief to say, how do we make sure that we're compliant with it?The DDA, like many throughout the state, monitors all the parking throughout the downtown. So we currently hire a parking ambassador to monitor those spaces and make sure that people either park correctly or aren't parking over time.","And she was using the chalk method, I understand.","So yeah. What she usually does is, when she marks a car in, she marks the tire with a piece of chalk. And then she also takes down the license plate number and the time that the car checked into that lot or parking space.","Your parking ambassador who writes the tickets is a staff of one. How does this ruling affect her?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"And she was using the chalk method, I understand\" and (3) \"So yeah. What she usually does is, when she marks a car in, she marks the tire with a piece of chalk\" are the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. In these turns, \"the chalk method\" and \"marks the tire with a piece of chalk\" are both idiomatic expressions that refer to the practice of using chalk to mark a parked car's tire for parking enforcement purposes.","questions":"How does the parking ambassador identify the car's parking duration?","answer":"Chalk"}
{"text":["Well, the regulations that I'm most concerned with are the ones that could be causing issues in getting approvals, new chemistries approved for crops that we grow. Cuts to different agencies could cause approval processes to take longer, which certainly in times where you have different pests and things that need taken care of, whether it's plant pests or, in our case, we have cattle as well, and if there's problems there and we don't have the ability to treat our plants or animals well or with the latest tools - you definitely want things to be safe. But it seems more like it's being pushed to the back burner for political reasons. It's very frustrating as a farmer sometimes when you see needs for things and you know there's fixes coming but regulatory issues are holding them up.","I have to ask, has your business been affected by climate in recent years?","(Laughter) Well, in the agricultural business, everybody's affected by climate. You know, I think anybody that says there's not changes happening is somewhat naive. On the other hand, it's the things that we can do to figure out what things we can do long term to make sure we're, you know, in good position to continue to grow the crops that we have here in the U. S.  and hopefully be profitable in the future and continue to be, you know, the largest producer of food in the world.","Kevin Ross, who grows corn and soybeans and raises cattle in Minden, Iowa, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The government\u2019s lack of interest and prioritization of political issues is causing a delay in getting necessary approvals and treatments for crops and animals.","questions":"Which approvals are being delayed due to the government's lack of interest and prioritization?","answer":"Approvals"}
{"text":["Who is Chuy Garcia, and does he have to show that he's not just a protest candidate now?","He has been around for a long time. He was a state senator. He was a city council alderman. He is now a Cook County commissioner. Was he widely known all the way across Chicago?No, he has not been. But he is a solid and serious individual, who's been in government for a long time. He was not the first choice. The first choice to run against Rahm Emanuel was the head of the Chicago teachers' union. . .","Yeah, Karen Lewis.",". . . Karen Lewis, who is charismatic, African-American and has been at war with Emanuel from the beginning. But she developed a brain tumor. And the person who became the anointed one was Chuy Garcia."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that Chuy Garcia was not the top choice and was only chosen because of Karen Lewis's unfortunate situation.","questions":"How was Chuy Garcia selected as the candidate?","answer":"Karen"}
{"text":["It would basically just restore a tax on stock compensation income in our city. And this is a tax that actually existed prior to 2012, when we started granting tax breaks to grow the tech sector in our city. And the revenue would be used to address the growing inequality crisis in our city, to expand affordable housing for working-class and middle-class residents, to support and stabilize our small businesses here in the city that are struggling and haven't benefited from the same tax breaks.","And just to be clear, you've written this proposal so that this tax would apply to IPOs that have already recently happened, like Lyft and Pinterest. And we should note that your proposal still needs to be passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, and then it would go directly to the voters on the ballot in November.","Exactly. I mean, it's still - there's still going to be a lot of public process and debate about this.","OK.  Now, one of your colleagues on the board of supervisors told the San Francisco Chronicle that it's, quote, \"arrogant\" to think that tech companies won't leave the city if they are taxed more aggressively. Are you worried about that risk, that your tax proposal might drive some tech companies out of San Francisco?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"drive some tech companies out of San Francisco\" - Literal meaning: to force tech companies to leave San Francisco. Actual meaning: to cause some tech companies to consider moving out of San Francisco due to the proposed tax increase, which may negatively impact their financial situation.","questions":"Which proposal might negatively impact the financial situation of tech companies?","answer":"Tax"}
{"text":["I don't know if I'm that much different than a journalist. I just - it's like a mystery that I want to solve that I think everybody's interested in solving. What has gone on and what is going on with Trump and his orbit of people he's dealt with over the years and ties to Russia and Ukraine and all these different matters?","Often when people are doing this kind of thing, they have fact checkers, and they have editors that go over their information, especially if you're a journalist. Do you have anyone that edits you or anyone that you work with that helps you verify the information?","There's some fact checking. But the interviews that I do, I publish them exactly as they're transcribed. I'm not writing an article, per se.","Can I ask you, has your shop - your restaurant, which is very well known here, helped you in your endeavor?Do people walk in to give you tips, try and contact you through that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implies that the speaker is asking if the restaurant that the person they are talking to owns has helped them in any way with their endeavours.","questions":"What is the speaker asking about in turn 3?","answer":"Restaurant"}
{"text":["Julie, you've been covering this area for a long time. What strikes you about this moment?I mean, is this as significant as it looks?","It's hard to tell. As I said, the AMA's been kind of everywhere on abortion issues. It looks like they're maybe coming out - finding this to be such a threat to the doctor-patient relationship that they're willing to take a leading role. It remains to be seen exactly where they will go from here.","That's Julie Rovner, chief Washington correspondent for Kaiser Health News.","Thanks for coming in."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B appreciation implies that the correspondent was live on air","questions":"What does PersonB's appreciation imply about Julie Rovner's appearance?","answer":"Live"}
{"text":["Do drones offer the appearance of risk-free combat?","Well, inside our business, Scott, they don't. There's nothing risk-free about anything we do. And when you're talking about decisions that may affect life and death, I think we take this very seriously. There is nothing in this enterprise that discounts the value of life on the ground - all life, by the way - friendly life, enemy life and then, of course, civilian non-combatant life and property. It's something that is very deeply ingrained in our folks as they go through training.","But to press you a bit on this, General, I wonder - does drone warfare offer, to some Americans, the appearance of being able to strike militarily almost anywhere in the world and not have to worry about suffering casualties and consequence?","Yeah, it's one of the reasons that we don't like the term drone warfare, Scott, the - because drone does imply a level of autonomy that is not the case. It does imply a lack of thinking and a lack of human involvement. A primary reason we call them remotely piloted aircraft is because there is somebody flying them. There is somebody in that decision loop. In fact, there are lots of somebodies in it who are adding the human judgments that we think are critical when you're in the business of life and death."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"appearance of risk-free combat\": the literal meaning of this phrase is that combat conducted by drones looks like it is without any risk; however, the actual meaning is that some people may perceive drone warfare as having fewer risks than traditional warfare, but it does not mean that it is entirely risk-free.","questions":"Which term used to describe drones does General PersonA dislike and why?","answer":"Drone"}
{"text":["I did want to ask you about that. What do you think - does it say something that there are, at the moment, two dozen candidates in the Democratic field?I mean, does that say anything about - does it say anything about the party?Does it say something?","Well, I think it says that there's a whole lot of energy and engagement to make sure that this guy isn't reelected come 2020. And that is goal number one. And for folks that say, all right, we have to bring back some of the voters that voted with us, well, I've done that. I've won in some of the difficult places. When you talk about actually standing up with records, so many of the things that we're talking about in this field of 35 I've had direct influence and impact on as governor.","And finally, you've rejected the possibility of a Senate run, OK?And this has inspired, as I understand it - the Senate minority leader from New York, Chuck Schumer, has been aggressively trying to recruit candidates to take on these Senate races because the Democrats would very much like to take back the Senate. What do you say to people who say - forgive me, I'll just be blunt. . .","No, sure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated.","questions":"What was hinted at or suggested in the conversation?","answer":"Something"}
{"text":["Again, I was a founding chairman. I feel an obligation, and I think, in times like these, we do need the arts to really lift our spirits.","Can you give an example maybe of how a piece of art might fill that goal?A lot of people - just to play devil's advocate - might say, people are losing their homes to foreclosure. What is a piece of art going to do?What would you say?","Well, I think, if one goes to a performance, whether it's a theater, symphony, or museum and sees an exhibition, it lets your mind get away from the economic trauma we're all living in. It lifts our spirits.","Is there a particular piece of art - you have so many in your collection - but is there one you can think of now where you look at and you might see hope in what otherwise might look like a dour time to some?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Art helps people escape from the harsh reality of life.","questions":"What is the purpose of art in difficult times according to A?","answer":"Lift"}
{"text":["Yeah. I think what's really interesting is that when you look at the team that won four years ago, part of why they won was that they had a very strong defense. They went 540 minutes, several games without conceding a goal, whereas this U. S.  team comes into this tournament having actually conceded a lot of goals when they play good competition.","So what the U. S.  is doing right now is kind of focusing on the attack. They have a lot of really strong attacking pieces. Players like Alex Morgan can score a lot of goals. So I think that's kind of their game plan is just outscore their opponents even if they end up conceding some goals this time around.","And we mentioned that they're battling on a number of fronts, not just on the pitch, that this lawsuit against U. S.  Soccer was filed three months ago. Can you tell us a little bit more about the underlying complaint?What is it that the players are alleging?","Yeah. So the players have filed a lawsuit alleging institutionalised gender discrimination. And there are sort of two pieces to it. The easiest piece to understand is the non-compensation issues. So it's things like the women alleging that U. S.  Soccer has been flying the men's team to games on charter flights, whereas the women have had to fly on commercial flights - having the men play most of their - almost all of their games on natural grass, whereas the women have had to play a significant portion of their games on artificial turf. And players say that artificial turf is more harsh on their bodies, harder to recover from."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The U.S. team's strategy is to score more goals than their opponents, even if they also concede some.","questions":"How does the U.S. team plan to win?","answer":"defense"}
{"text":["Those are the main parts. So they're saying that when the mandate penalty goes away next January, the protections for preexisting conditions should go away as well. That's not exactly what the attorneys general were arguing, but that's what the Justice Department position is.","How might this change how individual people are covered and treated in this country?","Well, immediately, of course, it wouldn't. The Justice Department isn't asking for anything immediately. Obviously, this is a lawsuit, and it could take months or even years to work its way through the courts. But it does certainly raise the prospect of a court decision that would say there could be no more protections for people with preexisting conditions. That's one of the most popular parts of the health law.","We've been getting reports from all over the country about how health care premiums are going up. Why is that happening?Do you expect it to keep happening?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A court decision may eliminate protections for people with preexisting conditions","questions":"How could a court decision affect people with preexisting conditions?","answer":"protections"}
{"text":["Right.","There must be some science to this, right?","Yeah. There's actually a little bit of fun science. Egg whites are basically liquid. But they're full of protein?That's why they're good for us. And so when you whip them, you're breaking down those proteins.","And the proteins are usually like little balls that hang out by themselves, but when you whip them, they unfurl, they unfold and they start bonding with each other. And as they bond, they create a structure. And that structure captures air bubbles, and it gives the foam its shape. And we're going to have a nice fluffy cloud as a result."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Whipping egg whites breaks down proteins and creates a structure that captures air bubbles, resulting in a fluffy foam.","questions":"How are air bubbles captured in the foam?","answer":"structure"}
{"text":["I got a glance over the weekend, and the sky was beautifully blue. I mean, really, it was wonderful. And the air pollution index for that day was exceedingly low. Also, it was like 17. That's lowest since I've been keeping track.","This, I think, has to do with changes in weather patterns that appeared to start somewhere in the first week of August. The arrival of rainfall and winds from the northeast and form the northwest, which would bring in cleaner air, and in particular lack of strong winds from the south that would bring up the heavy levels of pollution.","Yet, you've said earlier that the air pollution in Beijing mostly blows in from elsewhere. So these steps that the city officials have taken in recent months with changing traffic patterns and closing factories, really, that's not a factor here?","Well, you know, I've been looking at the day they very carefully tried to decide what is really going on this summer. We know that the controls did something. It's just that I, at least, am unable to pick out their effects in the data so far."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"unable to pick out their effects\" means \"unable to distinguish their effects\" rather than \"physically pick out their effects\"","questions":"What does \"unable to pick out their effects\" mean?","answer":"Effects"}
{"text":["Oh, yes, they're going to do it, like, regional. You know, so that'll be able to reach more people throughout the country, which is good because not everyone can make it to D. C.  And it doesn't start in D. C. It starts in every community where the blood flowed for our freedoms.","Well, Tim Chambers, thank you for stopping by and sharing a little bit of your story with us. Thank you.","My pleasure.","That's Marine Corps veteran Tim Chambers, also known as the Saluting Marine."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Saluting Marine is a well-known figure among Marines.","questions":"Which Marine has a nickname as the Saluting Marine?","answer":"Tim-Chambers"}
{"text":["It has not. I think that's an appropriate term. And I think a lot of that happened in the beginning because there was just a lot of misinformation about our agreements because, at the end of the day, their perspective is we are siphoning off resources from our current students in order to, quote, unquote, \"teach these students. \"And so we wanted to make sure and assure our community that that is not happening. Any resources that we're providing to Southwest Key is actually coming through other district resources and is indeed not taken away from current students.","How do you answer the reservations of people who say - look - you're just encouraging families to undertake a dangerous journey across the border because if their children wind up on the U. S.  side, they're going to get an education?","It is our moral obligation, our legal obligation. That's the only lens I'm looking through.","Explain that legal obligation to me, if you could."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Southwest Key is not taking resources away from current students","questions":"How are the resources provided to Southwest Key?","answer":"other"}
{"text":["Hello!And that's when my cousin goes. She goes, why did you keep having that head rag on. 'I was like because my hair was sweated and it was either a head rag or Afro. . .","With a head rag. I've already cried on television with no eyebrows. What more can - what more - what could I do now to embarrass myself?Nothing.","All right, last thing. When you reach the age of many of your neighbors. . .","Mm-hm."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A head rag is a practical solution to messy hair, but her cousin sees it as a source of embarrassment.","questions":"How did PersonA explain why she was wearing a head rag to her cousin?","answer":"Sweated"}
{"text":["What would be the best-case scenario for you if they find which ship it is?What would you like to know?","Well, I'll be a little silly here. I'd like to see giant claw marks and tooth marks on the hull so my novel is justified. I don't know how the ship got there. Since we know from the only - one of the only two notes left - that all of the survivors that abandoned ship and were sledging down toward Canada - so who was sailing the ship?And it didn't have any masts. They store the masts below decks in sails in the winter so that tons of ice don't fall on men working on the deck. How can a few men go back and put up those masts?It's impossible.","Dan Simmons is the author of \"The Terror,\" a fictionalized account of the 1845 Franklin Arctic expedition. Thanks so much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"I'd like to see giant claw marks and tooth marks on the hull so my novel is justified.\" - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not actually hoping to see giant claw marks and tooth marks on the hull, but is rather making a lighthearted comment about how such evidence would support the storyline of their novel.","questions":"How did the speaker feel about the idea of giant claw marks and tooth marks on the hull?","answer":"Justified"}
{"text":["It's perfect.","Yeah, bubbly jock. And an owl is a hoolet. And that, again, is based on the sound that it makes. And - but my favorite is a wood pigeon, is a cushie-doo.","That is an absolutely dead-on approximation of its sound.","Isn't it lovely?So a frog is a puddock and sparrow is a speug. So I've never used speug in a sentence, but when I was a boy, we used puddock. So I don't go around trying to convince everybody that my culture's better than theirs, but sometimes it suits my face better. It sits nicely in my mouth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : suits refers to make proper or fit in and not a set of clothes to be worn","questions":"Which word in turn 3 has a different meaning than what it is commonly associated with?","answer":"Suits"}
{"text":["It's significant because you have a journalist who's killed in the line of duty doing some investigative work into a story he wanted to write. And as far as we understand, the people that he was investigating put out a hit on him, and he was killed. I mean, that's a very chilling reminder that we do - sometimes do dangerous work. And the project's main mission is to tell those people, if indeed they are the ones responsible, that you cannot kill the message by killing the messenger.","There has been a confession, hasn't there?And yet you remain unsatisfied. Why is that?","Well, the person who confessed was a very low-level member of the Your Black Muslim Bakery. He was a handyman. He originally told police he did not do the crime, and then after he was led to - he was allowed to meet privately with the bakery CEO, a 22-year-old named Yusuf Bey IV, this guy basically convinced him to confess. Now, whether or not he did the crime or not, we don't know. What we do know is, is that he did not do this by himself, as he has told police.","Now, what would you say is the latest in the ongoing investigation?Or is the investigation ongoing, since the police had someone who confessed, although your organization doesn't necessarily buy it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Journalists sometimes face danger, and killing them won't stop the truth.","questions":"Which profession is at risk of danger according to turn 0?","answer":"journalism"}
{"text":["Well - and very fortunately because the plane at the time he bailed out was headed more or less straight for a densely populated area - Pensacola, Florida. And if you look at the map, it came down just a few miles outside of town, also not far from the Gulf. That plane almost - he almost did guide it into the Gulf maybe 10 miles away.","And since this plane crashed, has anybody heard from Marcus Schrenker?","Well, supposedly one of his friends or acquaintances did get an email from him today. The county sheriff's office in Milton, Florida, which is sort of coordinating the crash investigation, said they couldn't confirm that email, but there were reports that he did send out this email.","Business reporter for the Indianapolis Star, Jeff Swiatek, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The pilot could have intentionally crashed the plane.","questions":"Which Florida city was the plane headed towards when the pilot bailed out?","answer":"Pensacola"}
{"text":["And now it's letter time. Our editor, Sasa Woodruff, is here with me. Hey, Sasa.","Hey, Farai. How's it going?","I'm doing fabulously. So, what are folks saying this week?","Well, our series on race and our discussions on California's measure to ban gay marriage got the most hits this week. Jenny Livingston(ph) in Brooklyn, New York wrote in after hearing one of our discussions about Prop 8. She wrote: As a supporter of the Obama campaign, I was ecstatic about the Obama victory. Then the news the next day about Prop 8 and about other civil rights setbacks for lesbian and gay and transgender families flavored our victory with more than a dash of bittersweet. I like your piece the other day, as I always like your show. But I think it could have gone much deeper. The question I wanted to hear more directly addressed was, is the black community and Americans at large open to seeing gay, lesbian, transgender rights as a civil rights issue?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The victory of Obama was flavored with sadness after Prop 8.","questions":"Which event caused sadness after Obama's victory?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["And it's the same university where, in the early days of gene therapy, a young man did die in a very early gene therapy study that set the field back, like, a decade. So the last thing these researchers want to do is, you know, do anything risky. They're taking it very carefully, being very slow. They're going to follow these patients for a long time to see if it's safe and how well it's working.","All right. There's a lot at stake here. And this isn't the only study, I understand, that's trying to use CRISPR to treat diseases. What else is going on?","Yeah, yeah. It's actually a really exciting time for - in the world for CRISPR and medical treatments right now. There's about a half a dozen studies that are - have been going in China for cancer for a while. And now another half a dozen or so are being launched in Europe, in the United States and in countries like Canada that try to treat a variety of diseases. In the first one are blood disorders. One is known as beta thalassemia. That first patient was treated there in Germany recently. And then there's - another trial is going to be starting soon in this country to try to use CRISPR to treat sickle cell disease. So it's a lot happening right now with CRISPR and diseases.","And it sounds like it's still early days."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of this sentence is asking what other studies are being conducted using CRISPR. However, the implied meaning is that the stakes are high and the researchers need to be careful to ensure the success of the study.","questions":"Which field set back a decade due to a young man\u2019s death in an early gene therapy study?","answer":"Genetherapy"}
{"text":["You know, Renee, this was the week Kamala Harris found out what happens when a candidate breaks out in a debate and gets in the face of the frontrunner. You get a bump in the polls, but it comes with a lot of attention, much of it critical. And people take a longer look at your own positions on, say, busing and other issues as well. And we also saw headlines about how she and her husband made their money. We see folks on Twitter questioning her racial origins, which, by the way, caused her rival candidates to rally around in her defense, including Joe Biden.","And what about Joe Biden?He's trying to recover ground lost in those debates.","He's been doing television interviews and trying to talk about his sort of multipart position on busing over the years, and talk about his endorsements from African Americans who are local and state officials in key states. It's very early. The field is shifting. And if Biden can ride his ship in time for the debates at the end of this month, he'll still be the one the other candidates are coming after.","NPR senior editor and correspondent Ron Elving, thanks for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Is Joe Biden trying to recover the support he had and lost in the debates.","questions":"How did Joe Biden respond to questions about his position on busing?","answer":"Talk"}
{"text":["If you stand outside the old DeKalb County Courthouse in Decatur, Ga. , you can't miss the 30-foot-tall obelisk erected there in 1908. It's a monument to Confederate soldiers, and its inscription calls those men part of a, quote, \"covenant keeping race,\" praising them as men of virtues in peace and in war.","Well, as of this month, there's now a contextualizing plaque alongside that obelisk. It reads, in part, this monument and similar ones were created to intimidate African Americans and limit their full participation in the social and political life of their communities. That marker was approved by vote of the DeKalb County Board of Commissioners. And county Commissioner Lorraine Cochran-Johnson joins us to talk about that decision.","Welcome to the program.","Thanks so much, Melissa. I am happy to be here.","The original vote by the county commission was to remove that Confederate obelisk, but ultimately, that ran up against a state law in Georgia. What does that state law say?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : You may not actually want to be here.","questions":"What was the inscription on the Confederate monument at the old DeKalb County Courthouse?","answer":"Covenant"}
{"text":["The big one was that they died of lead poisoning due to the canning of the canned tin goods. The problem with that - these guys hadn't eaten any tin food. It was only three months into their voyage.","It was a dire situation anyway you look at it. But, of course, in your book, it wasn't dire enough. You throw in an Arctic beast.","I do, an unexplained Arctic beast that we never see. And the reason for that is I wanted something to personify just the terror, the horror of the darkness, the five months of darkness, the terrible cold - 100 degrees below zero - the constricting ice that you had to listen to against the hull, you know, all the time.","What would be the best-case scenario for you if they find which ship it is?What would you like to know?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies the speaker is asking what would make the best outcome for the speaker's book if the identity of the ship was discovered.","questions":"Which ship?","answer":"Ship"}
{"text":["Over 700 people were killed this week when a stampede took place during the Hajj, the annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca. The sheer volume of pilgrims every year has led to problems before. In fact, over 1,400 people were killed in a similar incident back in 1990. This week, Iran and other regional powers criticized the Saudi Arabian government for poor management of the crowds that come to their holy places. Gary Sick is a senior research scholar at Columbia's Middle East Institute. He joins us now from New York. Thanks so much for being with us, Mr.  Sick.","It's a real pleasure.","What do you read into Iran's outspoken criticism of Saudi Arabia over these deaths?","This is very standard stuff. The Iranians and the Saudis have a running battle about the Hajj. And the worst incident they've ever had was actually back in 1987. In each case, they've blamed the Saudis. And in each case, the Saudis have blamed the pilgrims for misbehaving, for not doing what they were told. And on the previous case, the Saudis broke diplomatic relations with Iran over the incident. And that was only restored a few years later after Khomeini died."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) A: This is very standard stuff. (implied meaning: This type of disagreement between Iran and Saudi Arabia is not unusual or surprising.)","questions":"How does PersonA describe the conflict between Iran and Saudi Arabia over Hajj?","answer":"Standard"}
{"text":["I would suggest the European Union needs to be there. I would suggest the Arabs need to be there in various configurations. So I think we need to do that. And I think we need to be much more cognizant of the fact that Syrians are really fearful of the future even more than they are of this hideous Assad regime.","And I want to make very clear, I have absolutely no sense that this guy, Assad, should, you know, lead that country in the future. I'm just saying, from the practical task of trying to enlist various factions, you might start with doing that rather than delisting various factions.","Well, it was interesting, the - I think the first effort involved the Kofi Annan effort sponsored by the United Nations. And they're broke down over the insistence by Mr.  Assad and his backers, including Russia, that he be part of the transition.","Yeah. Well, there's no question that Assad made Kofi's job almost impossible. But, you know, we're now well over a year after that, and I think if there are better coordination with whoever the envoy is, if it's another Kofi, if it's Secretary Kerry or some former senate colleague, say, of Secretary Kerry, I think you could kind of work with the Russians to say, OK, we're going to propose this. Assad won't like it. But Russians, do you agree with what we're doing?If you do, we'd like you to put a little heat on Assad to get him at least not to explicitly oppose it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Putting a little heat on actually means to make trouble for  and pressure Assad.","questions":"Which term describes the suggested approach to dealing with Assad in turn 3?","answer":"Pressure"}
{"text":["I think the major difference from the time you were here is that then we were experiencing shortages, but as we speak right now, there is nothing on the shops here. People also surviving on imports, that is the food that people are surviving on is direct imports by the citizens themselves from South Africa from Botswana. And most of the families that are also surviving from their kid's work - seeking economic refugee in those countries and give them to (unintelligible) of Africa. Pay taxes affected the livelihoods of the people involved. As we speak especially with the finding of food distribution by NGOs, we will Zimbabwe is heading towards Somalia. People starve of hunger. There's no food for people to buy even in the stores, that means that people don't have money, but if they had money there is nothing to buy.","Do you plan to vote even though the MDC has dropped out on Friday?","Well, voting on Friday means I'll be legitimizing an illegitimate process. I'll be saying what, even if I don't want from Mugabe, but the outcome of that election will be a reflection of the people in Zimbabwe.","Are you hopeful that someone, I mean the U. N.  Security Council has heard arguments from the U. S.  and Britain, different countries and coalitions of African leaders have tried to make statements, but statements have not so far changed things. What would help?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite the presence of goods in shops, people are still starving due to lack of money and high taxes.","questions":"What is the reason behind people starving despite the presence of goods in shops?","answer":"MONEY"}
{"text":["And then they also passed another thing that actually goes into effect immediately, which is the expansion of this committee that would be empowered to make inquiries into churches' handling of abuse as well as some other things. Those - that committee could then refer their inquiries and responses to the executive committee, which then could decide whether or not the - or the church is in what's called friendly cooperation with the broader conventions.","OK, so two fairly significant-sounding changes - and when you say they passed overwhelmingly, give me some sense of the numbers.","At least two-thirds of the people there.","What was the reaction like in the room as people understood that that's what was happening, that these changes were being voted through?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The committee will investigate churches' mishandling of abuse cases.","questions":"Which issue will the expanded committee investigate?","answer":"Other"}
{"text":["But I have to say, every time that I think, OK, now is the time I'm going to get in, this is a great buying opportunity, as everyone tells me, every time I look at the stock market, it's gone down again, and I think, phew, it's the end of the day. Thank goodness I didn't buy in today. But then the next day, it happens again.","Yeah, I know. It's depressing. Looking at this market, the market is a reflection of worldwide psychology. So clearly, people around the world are depressed right now, and they're not optimistic about the future, which is sad.","But in the long run, the things that will make the most money are not pieces of rock like gold or liquids like oil or cash, which is just pieces of paper, but real growing companies that are servicing strong demographic trends.","It's impossible to call a bottom. Yes, all these stocks that are cheap could get cheaper, but now is certainly one of the best times to buy stocks that we've seen in the past 70 years. I mean, it's incredible, which is why Warren Buffett is out there buying stocks right now."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Although stocks may continue to decrease in value, it is currently a great time to invest in the stock market","questions":"Which market does Warren Buffett buy stocks from right now?","answer":"stock"}
{"text":["So, people like him, which I believe there are a lot of them out there, you know, and people like Oprah, for instance, you know, people like that. I mean, they need help. You know, $100, 1,000 - maybe $20 you know, it can help people. And people in Africa are human beings just like you and others. So, they feel the pain. They are suffering every day. So, you know, here I am doing music. I'm not rich, you know, I am not rich, but I want to share a little bit of what I have with the ones that we left behind.","What do you want to be your legacy in the world of music because there's the philanthropy you're doing but then there's also the music that you're doing. What do you plan to do in the future?","I want to be able to play music to please Americans, and I want to be able to make them see just the beauty of music, not just African music but just the gift of music. That's my goal \u2014 to make people happy, to make them dance.","Well, Shiko, I'm so glad that we got a chance to talk. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"people like him...need help\" - the literal meaning is that people like him require assistance. The actual meaning may imply that people like him (referring to impoverished individuals in Africa) require financial aid.","questions":"Which type of people does PersonB think need help according to turn 0?","answer":"People"}
{"text":["So Beijing has basically made an offer to the people of Hong Kong that if they're willing to give up on dreams of greater democracy, they can be part of China's amazing economic rise, and they have offered them more integration with the kind of boom cities on the other side of the border in the mainland. The problem is that again and again and very dramatically over this extradition bill, the people of Hong Kong have said, no. They do not want that trade off. They actually are willing to protest and fight hard to maintain those freedoms that they still have.","So it's not even as though these protesters in Hong Kong are fighting for additional freedom. They're just saying we want to keep things the way they are. We don't want to see an erosion of the freedoms we do have.","That's right. I think it's important to be realistic. I mean, this has been an absolutely extraordinary - at times, very moving - protest by over a million people - overwhelmingly peaceful, very civic-minded, lots of different generations coming together. That's a fantastic thing and utterly unthinkable where I'm sitting in Beijing on the mainland - could never happen. But they are not about to get more democracy. They're not even about to get more freedoms. This is a defensive set of protests to keep what they have.","Interesting that you point out this would be very, very unlikely to happen in China. It makes me wonder, do the protests in Hong Kong pose any threat to China's leadership, to President Xi Jinping, to the Chinese Communist Party?Are they worried about this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The protesters in Hong Kong are fighting to maintain their current level of freedom, not to gain more freedom.","questions":"What are the protesters in Hong Kong fighting for?","answer":"maintain"}
{"text":["The tragedy in Burma is it's just hard for us to comprehend. It is true that the current projections are that the numbers will rise significantly. I've heard numbers as high as 50,000 people being killed. So it's something that just automatically pulls at the heartstrings.","And you know, Farai, scientists have discovered that human beings are actually wired to be altruistic, so it's a part of our DNA. It's natural for us to want to give. We see a crisis, we want to give. And so I think it's really important to acknowledge that, and to really encourage people to give. It can. The giving, overwhelming giving for a major public emergency like this can have a negative impact on other parts of the world. We've seen it in the past.","For example, when the tsunami hit Asia, several years ago, where a quarter of a million people lost their lives, you saw relief and development organizations flooded with donations. OxFam UK, at a certain point, actually had to refuse donations because they no longer had the capacity to actually program funds. So what I would actually advocate for those that are really interested in making contributions, is to give responsibly. To really look at those organizations that you are interested in making a contribution to, and making your donation in flexible kinds of ways. . .","So, for general support as opposed to necessarily for one thing."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : When making a donation, it's important to do research and give to organizations in a flexible way.","questions":"How should you give donations to organizations?","answer":"Flexibly"}
{"text":["Good. So, you received about 8,500 questions in your Explainer inbox over the year, and it's your job to go through all of these and pick the ones that you then allow your readers to vote on for their top pick. Can you give us a sample of what's on the ballot?","Well, there's a wide range of questions. For example, one person asks, can an average person not in politics get a pardon from the president of the United States?","Good question.","Which is a - yeah, a question that we've actually gotten quite a few times, especially as Bush gets ready to leave office. But then this particular reader adds in parenthesis, possession of a forged instrument, October of 1989."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : top pick usually means the number one choice","questions":"How does PersonA describe the reader's question in turn 1?","answer":"Wide"}
{"text":["No. It's a tie right now at 50\/50, which does make it rather tense. But there is no sign yet of a third Republican turning against DeVos. And if it's a tie on the floor next week as we expect it to be, that will be broken by the president of the Senate, who is, of course, Vice President Mike Pence.","A CNN-ORC poll out yesterday gives President Trump a 52 percent - 53 percent disapproval rating. That's the lowest of any new U. S.  president since polling began. Does this make some Republicans in Congress rethink their support for his policies?","No, or at least not yet, not at this point. After last year, we need to remember polls are just polls. And besides, Donald Trump is still very popular among Republicans, and Republican members of Congress care first and foremost about their own voters.","I have to ask you about this finally. The president chose the national - the White House prayer breakfast to unload on Arnold Schwarzenegger, former governor of California, the man who succeeded him as host of \"The Apprentice. \"The president said, they hired a big, big movie star to take my place. We know how that's turned out. The ratings went right down the tubes. It's been a total disaster."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implication: By attacking Arnold Schwarzenegger, the President was actually expressing his own insecurities and dissatisfaction with the fact that he was replaced on the show.","questions":"What was the President's motive behind attacking Arnold Schwarzenegger?","answer":"Insecurities"}
{"text":["So, this isn't someone who is just - and forgive a homey analogy for our listeners - this isn't someone who is just the Michael Jordan of Indian cricket. This is somebody who is the Michael Jordan times five, six or ten.","Probably yes, exactly. All - the Babe Ruth, Mickey Mantle, Lou Gehrig all combined. I don't know which other icons to come with from which sport that Americans relate to. And he somehow managed to be uncontaminated by scandal, by controversy in a sport that's been laden with examples of both. And his rise, in a sense, became tied up with or almost emblematic of India's own rise to ascension on the world stage. When Sachin Tendulkar made his debut for India in 1989 at the age of 16, India was still a developing country, a poor country, one with lots of problems, a semi-closed economy, that still called itself socialist. All of these problems. And then India liberalized in 1991 with the end of the Cold War and the major change in financial calculations and political philosophy in the country, and that coincided with Sachin's rise. So, India rose and Sachin rose, and he leaves just as our economy has also begun to tank a bit over the last year or two.","Shashi, what happens to a star of this magnitude in the retirement?Any idea?","Well, amusingly enough, my government nominated him to our Upper House. We have an Upper House that's weaker than your Senate.","You know, Shashi, let me simply interject: very few things are weaker than our Senate at the moment, but go ahead."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  Has my government nominated Sachin Tendulkar to our Upper House?","questions":"What did Shashi's government do with Sachin Tendulkar?","answer":"Nominated"}
{"text":["And then I decided to come out. Now it's been going on several hours. I'm several streets away from the Champs-Elysees, Scott, but the people - it's like it's the second revolution coming because people are turning over - they're building barricades in the street. We're still - we've got helicopters overhead. They're still firing tear gas. And everyone around me is wearing a yellow vest.","Now, fuel prices have gone up - I have read, I think - 23 percent over the past year. And protesters blame the government for this.","Well, the government - the French pay some of the highest gas prices in the world, like, about more than $6 a gallon, Scott. And the government says it's going to raise the taxes again in January to finance the transition to an ecological economy - you know, more environmentally friendly fuels.","And, you know, for people who have to drive to work - blue-collar workers, just everyday people - this is outrageous. They say they can't make it anymore, so they've come out into the street. And, Scott, this movement has no leaders. There are no unions behind it. There are housewives. There are retirees - regular people. There are people who have never protested before. So it's turned into a movement. No one knows where it's going to go now."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : GOVERNMENT HAS INCREASED GAS PRICE SO PROTESTER  BLAMING THE GOVERNMENT","questions":"What are the protesters blaming the government for?","answer":"Gas"}
{"text":["I was struck by a phrase in Chris Arnold's piece about the dollar being the bedrock currency for much of the world. Is that jeopardized?","Very much so. Treasury debt is the only risk-free asset in the world. It undergirds the world's financial system, it's in everybody money market's funds. You know, China, among many other countries, buys Treasury bills like crazy - over a trillion dollars. So, if you'd have to start factoring in risk, even if it's political risk, into our debt, you know, two things happen. The rest of the world becomes less enchanted with buying it, and our interest payments - what the government has to pay to issue that debt will rise substantially.","Can I get you to play out your scenario about what happens if October 17 comes and there's no agreement?","I don't think that much will happen on October 17th. I think there's a little wiggle room. What happens on October 17th is the government loses its borrowing authority and it can only pay out the cash it has on hand. However, if we got to the end of the month and the United States missed a bond payment, I believe that you would have an event that is three, four, five, six times worse than the Lehman Brothers of five years ago. Because the banks rely on treasuries to trade with each other overnight. That's how they fund themselves. And if you take away trust in the financial system or U. S.  debt, it will be cataclysmic. The banks will freeze up. There will be no borrowing. It'll be like Lehman. The stock market will go down. It has the potential to be a true out-and-out disaster."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Banks rely on treasuries to trade with each other overnight\" does not mean that banks trade physical treasuries with each other at night. Instead, it means that banks use treasury securities as collateral to borrow money overnight from other banks.","questions":"How do banks use treasuries to trade with each other overnight?","answer":"Collateral"}
{"text":["And no nearby bases as there were in Italy. Yet there's also the case of - it's going to be very difficult to get international or at least United Nations backing for an intervention in Syria.","That's right. The chances of getting that past Russia and China, I think, are - that would be a very, very heavy lift. You had - when Bill Clinton went to war in Kosovo, he knew that he couldn't get Russia to approve that through the U. N.  Security Council. And instead what he said was that I'll get the approval of NATO. So it won't just be an American mission. This will be a multilateral venture. So it's not just the United States saying that the United States is acting in the name of humanity. It's a whole lot more governments also saying the same thing. And I think that gives it an added credibility and added legitimacy.","As you mentioned, the Arab League supported the campaign against Gadhafi in Libya. In the present-day case with Syria, the chances of getting something through the Security Council are harder and in part because China and Russia feel as though the U. N.  Security Council approval, which is sort of the standard for international legitimacy, that the U. N.  Security Council resolution that they approved was to stop potential mass killing but not necessarily to overthrow Gadhafi's regime.","That President Obama looked at what a no-fly zone could do and realized it would not do enough. He needed to authorize that aircraft could strike ground targets as well."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Getting past Russia and China to get approval would be a very hard thing to do.","questions":"How heavy would the lift be to get international or United Nations backing for an intervention in Syria?","answer":"Very"}
{"text":["You also call this the start of a new era in America's modern history - in what way?","Well, the Clean Air Act really changed, in many ways, the conception of government's role and gave to the federal government both the power and the responsibility to protect Americans' health. One of the most revolutionary pieces of this very innovatively designed law was a provision which elevated public health as a priority above all others in the setting of air quality standards for the entire country. It put public health over and above corporate profit and cost in determining what amounts of pollution would be allowed in Americans' air.","But that hasn't stopped it from being challenged, right?How has it weathered those challenges?","Well, it's been up and down over the years. And I think what we're seeing right now is a really sort of unprecedented assault on the Clean Air Act and the enforcement of the Clean Air Act by the Trump administration. Obviously, I think, we've all become familiar over the last few years with the idea of climate change denial. But I think what we're now seeing in the Trump years is actually air pollution denial."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"elevated public health as a priority above all others\" - This turn has a figurative meaning, as it means that the Clean Air Act made the protection of public health the most important consideration in setting air quality standards, rather than just one of many factors to consider.","questions":"What concept did the Clean Air Act prioritize over all others?","answer":"public"}
{"text":["Her father liked the electronic things, which were behind locked cabinets. But she grabbed a slick stereo magazine and managed to slip into one of her boots. It would be a way to warm him for taking the bus by herself. By now she was thirsty and rounded a corner to open a fridge and grab an iced tea in a bottle that felt so good in her hands. It was One Universe Green Tea, which the label said was good for the immune system and for Octavia's skin. No one had stopped her. No one had spoken to her. It was smooth sailing. All for one and one for all.","So is there a straight line from that to piracy or just adolescence?","(Laughter). You think shoplifting is the gateway drug that eventually leads people to board other people's ships?It could be. I think the fantasy of wanting things and wanting to evade the law is certainly something that shoplifters and pirates, in this case, have in common.","I have to ask this, Mr.  Handler. This is the first chance we've had to speak with you since you emceed the National Book Awards in November and made a watermelon joke. Did I say state that incorrectly?I didn't want to tell the whole joke, but if you want to. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"made a watermelon joke\" - This turn is a figurative expression that means he told a joke that was racially insensitive or inappropriate, rather than a literal joke about watermelons.","questions":"How was Mr. Handler's joke perceived?","answer":"Insensitive"}
{"text":["Ron, tomorrow, President Obama will sign the stimulus bill in Denver, and then it's on to Phoenix, and then, he'll round out the end of the week with a trip to Canada. Why so much travel?","I think he's learning from the last few weeks. When he stayed in D. C. , the economic stimulus package got stalled. When he got back on the road, got back on the stump, the energy in the atmosphere changed quickly. And being the campaign Barack. being in campaign mode, talking back to Washington from out in the country, that worked better than being the Washington Barack Obama talking to the country. He wants this symbolic energy to be flowing in that direction. He wants to be the voice of the people talking to the federal government, not the symbol of the federal government talking to the people.","NPR senior Washington editor Ron Elving. Thanks, Ron.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Obama's travel is strategic to push for the stimulus bill.","questions":"What is the purpose of Obama's travel?","answer":"push"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me on.","You call this man's screed and his other provocative activity online - you call this booby traps. What do you mean by that?","I mean his goal is to provoke and sow division between the right and the left. A lot of the comments that he put in his manifesto are, essentially, things that he knew would be picked up by the world media and cause the right and left to get to each other's throats. Like, that was part of the goal - is to get people angry and fighting.","And can you give me an example?","Yeah. He brought up Candace Owens, who is a far-right YouTube personality and credited her for his radicalization, which is - cannot be true. He said that she was more extreme than him. This is a man who just shot dozens of people at a mosque. She's not more extreme than him.","He also mentions President Trump."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The goal of the provocative activity is to create division and unrest between opposing groups","questions":"How did the manifesto aim to create conflict?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["The main concern is retaliation. We go back to a period where countries didn't coordinate. That was very much the case in the 1930s. If I slap a tariff on you, you don't like that, and you slap a tariff on me, and we're both worse off. That's why after World War II, we had multilateral negotiations to get rid of that problem.","And now we are at risk of going back to the previous period during the Great Depression when people didn't coordinate their trade policy and everyone ended up being worse off. And I think that's the concern. The international architecture, the institutional framework for doing trade policy might just break down, and it might become much more national or bilateral.","Professor Dennis Novy of the University of Warwick, thank you so much for speaking with us.","My pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Countries imposing tariffs on each other leads to mutual harm, hence the need for multilateral negotiations","questions":"What is the main concern mentioned by A?","answer":"Retaliation"}
{"text":["Well, I can tell you that people like me and organizations like mine will be pushing for in the new year real spending reform, and there's real spending reform to - had across the board. That's from the military industrial complex all the way through the welfare system. Senator Tom Coburn, when he was in the Senate, demonstrated, according to the CBO, over $400 billion of waste and duplicative spending every year. We ought to start there. And I'm hoping that the country can get rational. Both parties can begin to address that stuff beginning in 2018.","Do you think that Republicans will campaign on spending reform anymore?","You know, I don't know whether they will or not. It depends on how hard the grassroots push them. And I hope the grassroots do continue to push them on that.","Is it important to the grassroots to have that still?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Grassroots are known to be stuck to the soil, the narrator mean by that as the Republicans are stuck on their roots. ","questions":"How are grassroots related to the Republicans' stance on spending reform?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["President Obama faces increasing pressure to intervene in Syria, where the civil war has killed an estimated 70,000 people and displaced more than a million more. Artillery, tanks and anti-aircraft fire - and aircraft fire on civilians, and now there are reports that nerve gas has been used as well. The U. S.  would justify any action as a humanitarian intervention to protect civilians, the same ground cited in Bosnia, Somalia, Iraq and Libya. And as those instances suggest, the president faced tremendous risks and very little prospect of reward. That's the conclusion of Gary Bass, a professor of politics in international affairs at Princeton University. He's the author of \"Freedom's Battle: The Origins of Humanitarian Intervention,\" and he joins now via Skype from his home in New York. Good of you to be with us today.","Thank you.","And it's hard to talk about this topic without bringing up Syria, where the president is being asked to intervene under pressure to do so.","That's right. And increasingly, people are talking about it. Seventy thousand dead, how can this go on day after day?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"without bringing up Syria\" implies without speaking about the topic of Syria.","questions":"Which topic is hard to talk about without mentioning Syria?","answer":"Topic"}
{"text":["You know, it's the - there's not formal groups that kind of, you know, identify themselves. They don't have a problem with some other towns in the South where there's like, you know, revived Klan groups and such. I'm aware of the SPLC's research and such. But it's more - I think it's less formal than that but it's probably no less prevalent.","One of the things I'd like to ask you, because you're a person who has been writing about this and the photographs have been printed and seen around the country - the role of the media in covering this, does it make it better, does it make it worst?","Well, I think that really depends on, you know, literally what skin you're in, you know?A lot of the - many of the black folks in that town are very happy to see outside attention brought, they hoped that that scrutiny is going to force some changes down there. But by the same token many of the white folks are just outraged and they think that, you know, this is outsiders meddling in their affairs and they ought to just get their nose out of their business. There was the local Methodist preacher the last time I was there a month ago who told me that I was no better than a Christ killer but you know, you just kind of have to have thick skin.","Howard, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The white people in the town are not happy about outsiders paying attention to their affairs","questions":"Which group in the town is outraged by outsiders' attention?","answer":"White"}
{"text":["We're going to begin this hour following two developing stories. Odessa, Texas, police officials say at least five people were killed and 21 others injured in a shooting spree. Three law enforcement officers were shot. And a person believed responsible was also shot and killed. We are going to continue to follow that story and provide updates as details are confirmed.","But now we're going to turn to the Bahamas, where they are bracing for Hurricane Dorian. The Category 4 storm is gaining strength and approaching Category 5 status. It's expected to make landfall on the northwestern part of the islands tomorrow, and some short-term models predict as much as 64 inches of rain could could fall over the Northern Bahamas once the storm stalls. Joining us from the Bahamas is Rick Lohr. He is the general manager of the Abaco Beach Resort. That's in Marsh Harbour on the island of Abaco, which is in the path of the storm.","Mr.  Lohr, thanks so much for joining us.","My pleasure.","Could you just tell us what the weather is like right now?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The hurricane in the Bahamas is a developing story.","questions":"What is the Category status of Hurricane Dorian?","answer":"Category-4"}
{"text":["Of, you know, as climate change or renewable energy, things like that. The choice is not even offered on the sheet of things that you - that is on your radar screen.","Yeah. Well, this is actually a really important point, is that when you look at - and I'll just come back to media coverage as an example. You know, for most people, this is an issue that's invisible. I mean, you can look out your window right this moment, and there's CO2 pouring out of tailpipes, out of smokestacks, out of buildings, but you can't see it, and likewise you can't see the impacts unless you know where to look. In fact, the only way most Americans even know about this issue is because of what they've learned about it in the media. They're not reading the peer-reviewed literature. They don't know scientists personally. They're learning about it through the media. And when the media doesn't report this issue, it's literally out of sight and out of mind.","Mm-hmm. Is there a difference between the national poll you conducted and registered voters?Do they have different opinions about it?","No. In fact, that's exactly what we did in this study, is that we asked people, are you registered to vote?And we only looked at those Democrats, Republicans and independents who are registered because, obviously, those are the people who will actually walk into the voting booth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The lack of media coverage can make climate change an invisible issue for most Americans.","questions":"What is the reason for climate change being an invisible issue for most Americans?","answer":"Media-coverage"}
{"text":["Well, part of number two is to go and send swarms of Arkyd 300 spacecraft to these high targets that - high value targets. And then after number two, we'll choose the ones that we want to actually extract resources from. And then number three, phase three comes along, which is to go and extract those resources and deliver them to the point of need.","Good luck to you, Eric Anderson. I hope you get a webcam on those asteroids for us to follow along with you.","We will. Don't worry.","All right. Thanks for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is confident about the success of the mission and reassures B","questions":"What is PersonA's response to PersonB's hope of having a webcam on the asteroids?","answer":"Don't"}
{"text":["There is a - after so long under dictatorship, and it was certainly not just Mr.  Mubarak but his predecessors all the way back through Nasser and before it had a king and, well, effective British rule before that, there's been one person in charge of Egypt for a very long time.","Yes. And, you know, people wanted that to change. And one of the things we heard a lot of in Tahrir Square today is we didn't oust Mubarak to get an Islamist dictator - oust a secular dictator to get an Islamist dictator. And Morsi was elected, but the idea is to have a democratic process. One of the complaints also about the draft constitution is it gives too much power to the president. And now people are saying, we want to be represented; all of Egypt, not just the Muslim Brotherhood.","Is there any indication that at this point, the president and the Muslim Brotherhood will reconsider?","So far we're not seeing indications of that. Of course, as you mentioned, yesterday, the president's spokesman kind of came out and tried to explain the decrees. One of the decrees basically said, any law or decision I make from now until the constitution is written or a parliament is in place has - there is no way to challenge it in courts. He said, actually that's limited to sovereign act. What sovereign acts mean, though, is so vague and unclear. And it really didn't appease his opposition."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A implies that Sovereign act in its acceptable sense does not exist when a decree has been made which makes such claim vague.","questions":"Which term used by PersonA makes the decree's claim vague?","answer":"vague"}
{"text":["And all this happened after midnight on Friday, so most people were sleeping. They were caught off guard and unable to escape. Houses, cars and bridges were washed away. And 17 neighborhoods were partially destroyed. And the town hospital and morgue are overflowing. Among the victims is a policeman who was carried away by rushing water when he tried to save a 12-year-old girl from drowning. And then there's the case of the Mocoa mayor, who is a pastor - he's homeless because rocks and mud came into his house and filled it all the way up to the ceiling.","Sounds like a horrific situation. How has the government responded?","President Juan Manuel Santos flew into Mocoa to inspect the town. He sent in the army. The Red Cross is there. There are emergency workers searching for survivors. But one of the problems is that there's no airport in Mocoa, and the main road into the town's been partially washed out. Half of Putumayo state's without power, and the drinking water supply has been totally destroyed. Now there've been some reports of people looting stores for food and water.","Just briefly - you know, we've heard a lot about flooding and landslides in Latin America recently. Peru's also had massive flooding. Do we know why this is happening?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"Sounds like a horrific situation.\" - The speaker is expressing empathy and concern for the situation, rather than just describing the situation as horrific.","questions":"What is the PersonA's emotional response to the situation in Mocoa?","answer":"Concern"}
{"text":["Do you have any explanation for that?Can you speculate on why that would be so different?","You know, it's just very curious. They must have - you know, they had time to go hands-on with all of the products that were involved in the case, and so they may have, you know, seen from prior art that they thought that it was very clear that the phones involved stemmed from this iPhone design and - but not so much the tablets.","There were several instances of tablets and tablet patented designs that existed before the iPad. So they may have thought that, you know, Samsung got their ideas from somewhere else.","So what's this going to do to buying a future Samsung or other brand that might - you know, has Apple put the fear in people of copying them now?","We'll have to see. So one of the biggest consequences that could come out of this verdict is that the price of Android devices could go up in the future because now Apple's - this portion of Apple's patent portfolio has been validated by the court system, and Apple can pretty confidently go forward and start suing any other Android hardware manufacturers it thinks are infringing on these patents."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The jury had access to all products involved in the case.","questions":"How did the jury make their decision?","answer":"Verdict"}
{"text":["Yeah, gosh.","And so I got up and ran. And it wasn't too far. But I just - at that moment, I thought, I don't want to be shot in the back, and I need to find some cover. And there's really no place to hide. But there are these. . .","You found a little, like, alcove that you could duck into.","There was a little alcove, yeah. And I just made myself as small as I could in that little corner."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker tried to protect themselves from danger.","questions":"What did the speaker do in the alcove?","answer":"Made"}
{"text":["In 2013, a professor there, Ethan Zuckerman, had said, look - this is a guy who's a sex offender. He's done these crimes against children, solicited procurement of prostitution of minors. He shouldn't be involved in the institute. So two years later, when Ito was making sure that he could come to the offices to look around, they essentially said, we've got to box Zuckerman out so that he won't be able to see that Epstein is on campus.","So have there been any ramifications to this other than Ito's resignation?","Well, sure. Zuckerman resigned. A couple other people have resigned affiliations with the lab. I think there's real questions focusing on the university - why this resignation didn't come sooner, why it wasn't forced. You don't need an MIT Ph. D.  to be able to read the writing on the wall that's in letters that big. And they should have had some accountability and responsibility. The initial statements didn't, you know, seem to allow the precise nature of the interactions, the precise figures involved to be obscured to the public. That's not the kind of accountability you want from a place like MIT.","Can you just talk a little bit more about what you think the bigger-picture consequences are of this?I mean, what does this lab do, and why do you think that it's important that people focus on something like this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The \"MIT PhD\" and \"writing on the wall\" comments imply that the situation should have been obvious to all observers.","questions":"What is the significance of the \"MIT PhD\" comment?","answer":"Obvious"}
{"text":["Well, you know, in my opinion, a geek is somebody who obsesses, and who tinkers and who tries to kind of take apart the world - whether that's, you know, in a literal way by disassembling things or reassembling them or in a figurative way by being a writer or a musician or something like that. And Tesla was sort of the embodiment of that. He was almost like a - sort of like a Steve Wozniak, in a way, in that he was kind of this brilliant workhorse that maybe early on was a bit naive about money. He wasn't really concerned with that. He was just concerned with seeing what he could do to the world and how he could change it.","And didn't quite get the same glory as Edison.","He did not, no. He was - he wasn't great at marketing himself, and he wasn't great at making money. He was brilliant. He was a genius, but he was not a businessman.","What does this site look like, this old lab of his?Are there things lying around like his tools, or a half-eaten bag of chips or something that could be auctioned off?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : urn: \"take apart the world\" Actual meaning: To understand or analyze the world in a deep and comprehensive way.","questions":"How did Tesla embody the characteristics of a geek?","answer":"Obsesses"}
{"text":["It really is. I mean, the fact - and he uses the microscopes that I used as a kid, right, from the '60s because those must be Bausch and Lomb or something like that.","The Zeiss microscope.","Zeiss microscope, different company.","Yeah, right. No, he said that actually if you want to get into this, you know, the cost of one of these microscopes from the '60s or '70s is about that of a computer, but it'll last you a lifetime.","Forever. The optics are just terrific."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that the price of a microscope in the 60s and 70s is of the same price with a computer but more durable.","questions":"What is the cost comparison between a microscope from the 60s or 70s and a computer?","answer":"Cost"}
{"text":["The United Nation says it's made an agreement that will gradually release 3,000 child soldiers from an armed group in South Sudan. The children are between 11 and 17 years of age. They have spent their childhoods fighting and killing for a group called the South Sudan Democratic Army Cobra faction. Jonathan Veitch, UNICEF's South Sudan representative, says these children have been forced to do and see things that no child should ever experience. Sudan has a long history of civil war and using children for war. Only a few of the thousands of children who get captured and dragged into the conflict manage to escape. Emmanuel Jal did. He's now an actor and musician in Toronto, who had a role in last year's film \"The Good Lie. \"He was 8 years old when he became a child soldier.","Most of us have seen our homes burned down, have seen terrible things happen. So, I mean, I witness one of my aunt raped in our home area. And witnessing and seeing my home village burned down and then when we're told that I'm going to be given skills and a gun to fight the people who did that to my homeland, there was not much for me to be convinced.","What was life for you like as a child soldier?","It's hell seeing 6, 7 years old burying their own dead. Nobody's going to give them questions when they're beginning to ask questions. Simple questions - why are we here?Where's my mommy?That's when you get to know, like, these are children sometimes when the terrible things happen."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the speaker is using understatement to describe the horrific experiences of child soldiers, emphasizing how young and innocent they are and how terrible it is for them to witness and experience such violence and trauma.","questions":"Which rhetorical device is used in turn (4)?","answer":"Understatement"}
{"text":["Right, I got the love of that from my grandfather. He was a Brooklyn Dodger fan going all the way back to the 1930s. And when I was a kid, I was a Mets fan, and this is in the late '70s or early '80s. There really wasn't a lot of good things to talk about when you're a Mets fan. So I would sit on the porch with my grandfather, and he would start talking to me about the old Brooklyn Dodgers. And, you know, he'd talk about people like Dazzy Vance and Duke Snider and Jackie Robinson, but then he'd start talking about a guy named Pete Reiser. Pete played in the early 1940s. And he would get this glazed look in his eye - this sad, faraway look - when he would tell about Pete Reiser. And he would say that he was probably the best ballplayer that ever played. And I was fairly well-read as a kid on baseball history, but I had never heard of Pete Reiser. So it made me get into baseball history and try to find those players that had an interesting story, which led me to find out what had happened to Pete Reiser and his career.","There are people who will tell you that Pete Reiser was the best of all time, except for the fact he kept running into walls.","He is credited with having five outfield collisions, and 11 times he was carried away off the field on a stretcher. Nine of those times he was unconscious. And today, he's the reason why Major League Baseball has padded outfield walls.","Another name that has been lost to history - Steve Dalkowski."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: The speaker is acknowledging that while some people consider Pete Reiser to be one of the greatest ballplayers of all time, his career was plagued by multiple collisions with outfield walls, which may have prevented him from achieving even greater success.","questions":"Which baseball player's career was plagued by multiple collisions with outfield walls?","answer":"Pete"}
{"text":["Has the Catholic Church made enough progress in fighting abuse by its priests?That question has renewed urgency after George Pell became the highest-ranking member of the clergy to be formally charged. Cardinal Pell of Australia is a close adviser to the pope. He's been charged with sexual assault. He says he's innocent. Police in Melbourne aren't releasing the details of his accusers.","Joining us to talk about the case from Dublin and the broader questions it raises is Marie Collins. She was until recently on a papal commission dealing with the sexual abuse of children by clergy. Thanks for being with us.","Glad to be here.","So please remind us of your story. How did this come to be an issue in your life?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The turn that has a figurative meaning is turn (4), where the speaker uses the phrase \"remind us of your story\" to mean \"tell us about your experience with this issue\". The literal meaning of \"remind us of your story\" would be asking the person to recall a previous narrative they had shared.","questions":"How does the speaker interpret the phrase \"remind us of your story\" in turn 4?","answer":"Tell"}
{"text":["Now, recent satellite pictures show that they are putting these things back together - the buildings, the rail system, the launch pad. It's not exactly clear when they started. It could have started in mid-February, before the summit. Work could have been going on as recently as over the weekend, after the summit finished.","OK. So the timing of this is a little tricky about whether this is North Korea responding to those summit talks falling apart.","That's right. A couple things to remember. First of all, you know, they can launch missiles from mobile launchers. So this site is not that big a deal. Another thing is that when North Korea made these gestures and said, now, why don't you reciprocate?People were just dismissing these as insignificant concessions. They were saying, you know, North Korea's just trying to hand us their junk. These sites are outdated. They're not worth much. Well, by that token, then people should not be too alarmed about them being reassembled.","OK. So I mean, but we've always talked about that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are, you know, something to be reckoned with. So explain exactly why we're not supposed to be so concerned about this one move."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the literal meaning is that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are something to be reckoned with and the speaker is asking why we shouldn't be concerned about this one move. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is asking for an explanation as to why the reassembling of the site should not be a cause for concern, despite the fact that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are usually considered a threat.","questions":"Which move is the speaker asking for an explanation about?","answer":"Reassembling"}
{"text":["You got a sinus infection but you taking a yeast infection medicine figuring if you lay down, it'll work its way up.","Do you believe in Mars and Venus, the whole idea that men and women are totally different?","I really do. And if I can get women to understand that every man that sleeps with you is not going to love you, then half of us will be all right.","What about the other half?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The reference to \"half\" isn't literal. it just means many women will be all right.","questions":"Which word in turn 2 indicates that the reference to \"half\" is not literal?","answer":"Literal"}
{"text":["Yeah. And that took a lot out of my legs. I was pretty fatigued by the end of the game, and I'm feeling it today.","And do - I bet you are a little tired.","But at - towards the end of the game, where you aware of the record?And where you aware you'd broken it?","I wasn't aware, actually. I think I was just so tired and so focused on scoring the basketball. There's a stretch late in the second half where I think I hit seven or eight consecutive threes, and I knew something special was going on after that."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : If late in the second half he could hit seven or eight consecutive threes and he knew something special was going on after that, then he was definitely aware of the record","questions":"Which record was he not aware of during the game?","answer":"Record"}
{"text":["Tell me how you grew up.","Well, my grandparents raised me. When their - they had - they've been foster parents for as long as I can remember. And I was actually the first child other than their own that they actually took care of, and they raised me since I was six months old.","Although my mom lived there as well, she was always - you know, raised me as well, but I lived in their house. I always kept myself around something musical, whether it was being in a play where I played the drunk daughter, or sneaking out to the studio to make a, you know, a demo that never became anything. But you know, it was all a part of what I felt I needed to do beyond, you know, those - that house and beyond church. You know, I was always looking for something to do outside of that - of those four walls.","In this book, you talk about some really rough times you went through. Being held out a window by an abusive boyfriend who threatened to drop you to your death, being beat up, being manipulated. Why do you feel that it was important to put all that in the book?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B pursued music and activities outside of his grandparents' house and church.","questions":"Which place did PersonB consider to be limiting and needed to escape from?","answer":"Church"}
{"text":["The Negro National League's last innings came in 1940s, after Jackie Robinson headed for the big leagues. Kadir Nelson's new book, \"We Are the Ship\" captures black-American baseball at the top of its game. Kadir is an award-winning children's book illustrator. He's collaborated with Will Smith, Spike Lee and Debbie Allen. For \"We Are the Ship,\" he did all of the writing and all of the artwork, and his rich, detailed paintings show Negro-league superstars as if they're posing for the camera or deep in a game of hard ball.","Kadir Nelson joins me now. How are you?","I'm great. Thanks for having me.","So you have done playful children's books. You've illustrated books for young people about historic figures. Tell me about Buck O'Neil."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : joins me now implies to be a part of program or activity and not referring to get attached together ","questions":"Which word in the dialogue implies that Kadir Nelson is a versatile artist?","answer":"Collaborated"}
{"text":[". . . and copied the symbols that most closely resembled the text. And we had a friend who lived across the street who was an artist, and he helped me translate it into proper copy. And then we resubmitted it to Stan.","And Stan was stuck.","And so he smiled, accepted defeat, and this became the first page of this book.","All right, so this came to light recently because Stanley Fischer was head of the Bank of Israel, and he's nominated to be vice chairman of the U. S.  Federal Reserve. Somebody got the idea that it was about time to find out what this is all about, I gather.","Somebody thought - somebody in my team thought that it would be fun to actually put this as a challenge, and basically promised a prize to whoever would be able to make sense of that page."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 3: Stan accepted the challenge and was happy to see the result of it.  2: Stan was frustrated or overwhelmed","questions":"What was Stan's reaction to the challenge?","answer":"Accepted"}
{"text":["And then we're going to measure not just their genotype and their environment - things like air quality, water quality, their social setting - but also all the molecular biology that might help us to understand how it is that genes and environment shape aging.","Do you have a dog, Doctor?","I have a dog. I had two dogs until last year.","Oh, I'm sorry.","Our 11-year-old Weimaraner passed away. By 11, he was pretty geriatric. I have an 11-year-old mutt. And when I take her to the dog park, people think she's a puppy. She looks like a 1-year-old. And she's still very vigorous."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"Passed away\" doesn't mean to actually leave a physical place, it's a nicer way of saying someone or something died.","questions":"How did the Weimaraner die?","answer":"Death"}
{"text":["Hey, thank you very much.","Everybody who is an average taxpayer wants to know, how does this bailout affect me?So how does it affect the average taxpayer?","Well, it affects you in a couple of ways. One of which is is that, if it that if it works and the financial system does in fact stabilize and move forward, we're all better. We've averted a vast crisis. But it also does mean that probably down the pike you might be seeing higher taxes, you might be seeing higher inflation, you might be seeing a lower dollar. All of these things are potential possible fallouts from the bailout.","To follow that point a little bit further. Let's say you have a person who pays his bill on time - his or her bills on time - has a mortgage, has a small savings account and no major investments. What does this mean to that person?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The bailout could have potential negative consequences for the average taxpayer","questions":"How would the average taxpayer potentially be affected by the bailout?","answer":"Potential"}
{"text":["The section on that 1,700 mile track is relatively short, but it's absolutely searing. And it begins in a bullock cart.","That's right.","Well, tell us about it if you could.","At that time in the 1930s, that - you had the development of this tension between the Indians who had migrated there and the Burmese who were already there. And in the midst of all of that, we had other tensions that were simmering at a global level, and which eventuated in the second world war. My grandfather was living in 1941 in a town called Okpo, 108 kilometers north of Rangoon. He was running a small grocery shop, essentially."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied Meaning: Based on the speaker's tone and choice of words, there may be an underlying message or intention behind this turn that suggests they have a particular opinion or feeling about the subject being discussed. However, the meaning is not entirely clear and may be open to interpretation, leading to some level of uncertainty about whether everyone will agree on its implied meaning.","questions":"Which turn of the dialogue is open to interpretation?","answer":"3"}
{"text":["Maybe they pass along in bodily fluids. Maybe they pass along through the air, on a cough or a sneeze. And those are the ones that become not just outbreaks but epidemics and pandemics.","And some humans are even call super-spreaders. Can you - do we know why some people are super-spreaders?","Well, we don't know why, but we know that it happens, this phenomenon of super-spreaders. It's a little bit similar to the famous case of Typhoid Mary, but a super-spreader is a person who becomes infected with one of these diseases, and then Typhoid Mary didn't show symptoms, but these super-spreaders generally show severe symptoms, and they pass their infection along to more than their share of secondary cases of other people.","For instance when SARS, SARS virus spilled over into humans in Southern China and then got to Hong Kong in 2003, it was amplified out of Hong Kong and went on to Toronto and Hanoi and Beijing and Singapore. But one of the reasons it was amplified is because there were a couple of super-spreaders in the case of SARS, two men who were very sick and who really spewed the virus out and infected a lot of health care workers."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : couple implies few carriers of the virus and not two people in romantic relationship","questions":"What does the term \"couple\" refer to in turn 3?","answer":"few"}
{"text":["\"The Interview,\" a bromance.","Tamara, are these mostly symbolic sanctions?I mean, North Korea's already under significant sanctions.","Significant. There have been four UN Security Council resolutions adopted since 2006, as well as two U. S.  sanctions programs. These are largely targeted at North Korea's weapons development - nuclear weapons development. So you could easily argue that these new sanctions are just piling onto a pretty big pile already.","U. S.  officials insist, though, that these are new and different because they name 10 individuals, most of whom work for the country's main arms dealer. They say that this naming them is going to make it very hard for those people to do business basically anywhere in the world. The White House also says that there are more sanctions yet to come."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  Implies that the new sanctions are going to make life very difficult for the individuals named, and that there may be more sanctions in the future.","questions":"Which individuals are most affected by the new sanctions?","answer":"Named"}
{"text":["I haven't talked to him in years.","(Laughter).","Well, you know, Ron Paul - you know, he's got some oddness in his closet. But, you know, compared to Hillary Clinton or Jeb Bush, Rand Paul has, like, the greatest situation in terms of family members lingering around the campaign in a lot of ways. You know, his foreign policy is distinct from his father's. Many of his economic policies are distinct. He needs to expound on what is his governing philosophy and why does restraint in foreign policy also mean restraint in domestic affairs?And why are those both good things?","As you survey the political landscape on issues like privacy or foreign policy, do you see traces of libertarian success?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"oddness in his closet\" - This phrase is a figurative expression meaning that Ron Paul has some controversial or potentially damaging aspects of his personal life or history that could be problematic for him politically. It does not refer to a literal closet or physical space.","questions":"What does the phrase \"oddness in his closet\" refer to?","answer":"Potentially"}
{"text":["And what they're suggesting is that you can lose spin from the Earth-moon system and transfer it to the sun-Earth system. And it's a very complex calculation. I mean, it's not just trivial that it took 30, 40 years to figure this out. But once that is on the table, and you say hey, I can start with an Earth that's spinning with a period of two hours, now you have an Earth, that if you were to look at this - and you can download the simulations from Science magazine - and you can see that - or from Harvard - and you can see that this Earth looks kind of like a muffin.","It's spinning so fast, it's got kind of a two-to-one axis ratio. And so their solution is hey, I can make the moon out of Earth's mantle, I'll just sort of hit it with a tiny projectile - you know, not tiny but much smaller than we thought previously - so Theia becomes smaller.","And you hit it, and off of the equator of this rapidly spinning muffin comes this stuff, and it's mostly Earth's mantle.","Little muffin that becomes the moon."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The moon was formed from the Earth's mantle.","questions":"Which part of Earth formed the moon?","answer":"mantle"}
{"text":["The advice I'd give to others is, do your homework, and don't be afraid to do it. The one rule I gave myself was, it's OK if you fail. And coming from a type-A legal background, you don't make any mistakes. But in business, you have to be flexible. So, I allowed myself the freedom to make those mistakes and grow from them.","Have there been any moments when being an African-American entrepreneur has either hurt you or at least given some food for thought?","I'll take the food for thought. I'm a member of the International Spa Association. That's a pretty high-end spa group. And that market's OK, but other trade shows I would do, people would walk up and they'd say, oh, is this a black skin-care company?And I'm thinking, well, everybody has skin, irrespective of who you are - because they see me there. Even though the woman on the cover, model is - she's kind of every woman. She's actually Filipino and German, but people can't tell her background. But when they see my face there, they assume it's a company just for African-American skin, which is not the case.","When you think about that aspect of marketing, do you think that black companies that market directly to African-Americans, just very briefly, have an advantage or disadvantage over businesses like yours?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It's important to take risks and learn from failure.","questions":"Which rule did PersonA give themselves?","answer":"Rule"}
{"text":["That's true.","Exactly. So, what's happening, Murray?","Well, you know, I think, just like copper and grain, I mean, I think there are shortages that arise every once in a while in important human commodities. And this is kind of a replay, to me, of when I became a clown. In the late 1960s, a lot of the real great master clowns were getting old and dying off. And so the Ringling Brothers show started the College of Clowns, which lasted until, I think, 1997. And I was in the second class.","You think people maybe react differently to clowns."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A: Well, you know, I think, just like copper and grain, I mean, I think there are shortages that arise every once in a while in important human commodities. And this is kind of a replay, to me, of when I became a clown.  The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is drawing a comparison between shortages in important commodities, like copper and grain, and a shortage in \"human commodities,\" which the speaker then explains is a reference to the shortage of great master clowns in the late 1960s. However, the implied meaning could be that the speaker is making a commentary on the current state of the world, suggesting that there are shortages in important areas beyond just physical commodities, such as in human connection, joy, or creativity. The speaker may be using the example of the clown shortage to illustrate this broader point, and to suggest that this shortage represents a larger trend of a loss of something valuable in society.","questions":"How does the speaker connect the shortage of great master clowns with shortages in important human commodities?","answer":"Comparison"}
{"text":["Earmarks and pork-barrel spending are as American as a bridge to nowhere. They're little, and sometimes not so little, holiday packages designed to win the votes of senators and representatives for national legislation with government money that's earmarked to directly benefit their states or districts. Many Democrats have groused about the latest examples that have been added, often in hand-written scrawls, into the new tax bill. Norman Ornstein is a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute and joins us now. Norm, thanks for being with us.","A pleasure, Scott.","What are some of the earmarks you've noticed in this tax bill?","Well, we have, of course, the most famous one, which is now being called with hashtags all over Twitter, the Corker kickback, named for Senator Bob Corker of Tennessee who had famously said quite early on I will not vote for any tax bill that adds a dime to the deficit and then turned around at the last minute and voted for this one with a provision added very, very late in the game to provide additional benefits to a particular set of real estate LLC's, as they're called, a particular kind of corporation. And Corker has significant investments in them, as does Donald J.  Trump and other members of the Trump family - something that would specifically give them millions in additional tax benefits."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Asking what financial benefits are being provided to certain individuals through the tax bill.","questions":"What is the name given to the provision added to the tax bill that provides additional benefits to a particular set of corporations?","answer":"Corker"}
{"text":[". . . In terms of choices. I mean, am I wrong about that?","You know, that research is still in the early stages as well. And I don't want to undermine it or underplay it, but you have to think about things sort of globally. And one thing that you can do is - if you're concerned about sunscreen use is you can just be extra careful about covering up.","So I know for my own kid, the swimsuit I got for him has long sleeves. And I'm always putting, like, a big hat on him. So you're telling me that's not overkill.","That is not overkill. That's actually a great idea. You know, there are a lot of sun-protective clothing on the market now, so that will help protect the environment 'cause you're using less sunscreen. And it will also help protect you against any potential problems with sunscreen ingredients.","In the end, how big a deal is this study published by JAMA?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Using sun-protective clothing helps protect the environment and against potential problems with sunscreen ingredients.","questions":"How does using sun-protective clothing help protect against potential sunscreen problems?","answer":"environment"}
{"text":["Struggling yes, and because our ballots were delivered late this time. There was a delay in approval from the State Board of Elections which affected everybody in the state really. Consequently, the printer had to work all weekend to get the absentee ballots to us and he walked in about two o'clock yesterday afternoon. So then of course we had three volunteers yesterday afternoon folding those eight and a half by fourteen ballots and putting them in the - in a sealed envelope that then goes in the pack that we had previously prepared.","We've been hearing that there is a big increase in the number of people who want to vote early this year about a third of all voters nationwide. Are you seeing that where you are, an increase?","Well we don't have early voting in Virginia in the same sense that North Carolina for instance does. In Virginia you have to have a reason, one of the reasons listed on the absentee application for needing to vote absentee.","What are those reasons?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The late delivery of absentee ballots caused a lot of work for us","questions":"Which event caused a delay in the delivery of absentee ballots?","answer":"Ballots"}
{"text":["We're hoping that this research kind of paves the way to looking at novel high-speed adhesives. So how do you grab things - difficult things - very, very quickly?And so, like, if you were to grab something that's dusty, like a brick, or furry, duct tape's not going to be able to stick to either of those things. You know, you're going to have to use something like claws or grabbing mechanisms. But we think that with this new type of thick, viscous fluid coating a very soft substrate, that it will be able to grab oddly textured things very quickly. So in my mind, I'm dreaming of a - like, a frog tongue attached to a drone, and the drone can fly around and pick up packages really quickly and fly away.","Do you mind me asking - after a day in the lab - I'm just guessing- do you just want to go home and fast?I mean, it must be difficult to eat anything.","(Laughter) There are times that - especially in the beginning - where I had the smell of frog in my nose for at least an hour, and I couldn't eat anything. But by the end of the study, I'd been - you know, I was eating frog legs every week - part of the study.","Oh, no. Seriously?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies disbelief or shock at A's response in the previous turn.","questions":"How did PersonB react to PersonA's response in turn 2?","answer":"Disbelief"}
{"text":["Yes, and not even as big as a credit card in size - tiny. And she held it up, and my mother fleetingly saw her younger self, so she knew that this was true.","Wow.","She goes home to her mother, and her mother says nothing and summons the father. And eventually, there's a scene and - the mother and father sitting opposite my mother. And they just tell her that they took her in as if a kind of kindness - that she was a sort of waif or a stray and, you know, it was a charitable act. So she immediately began to feel that nobody wanted her.","Pause the story there because you touch on one of the crazier things, which is that bus. When this old woman appears with a photograph, you describe everyone as freezing because they all knew. The whole village, surrounding villages all knew way more about the story of your mother's life than she did until she was a much older woman."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The 'it' that the woman held up is not referring to a physical object, but a photograph","questions":"What did the woman hold up?","answer":"Photograph"}
{"text":["And there was \"Hip-Hop: Hot On The Runway,\" which was - HOT107. 9 had a fashion show with a lot of artists, yeah, at Compound, with Ray J.  Whitney Huston showed up. This is the live music scene as of last night. But at that same last event, at Compound, someone got shot. And there was incredible security at all of these events.","You go in there and you have to pass two or three people. And you know, the crowd is not - you can't say it was all young kids at Compound or it was - you couldn't even point out who in the audience could have done that because it was a very mixed crowd, in a lot of ways in terms, of economic strata and that kind of thing.","And in the end of the night, as a matter of fact, I woke up the next morning and saw on the news that someone was shot there. The guy was in critical condition at this time. So, you know, it's rough, but the same time, those were great events, three events in one night. And that is not atypical in Atlanta, you know, on a given week.","You know, do you think it is affecting the scene?And certainly violence isn't limited to hip-hop clubs, and it isn't new, but does it affect the ability of the audiences to go out?Or are they just like, hey, this is part of what it is and I am willing to go out anyway?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Atlanta has a busy and active live music scene with multiple events in a week despite occasional violence","questions":"Which city has an active live music scene with occasional violence?","answer":"Atlanta"}
{"text":["OK.","We're in a tent at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival. So if you hear some extraneous sounds that you wouldn't normally hear in Studio 3A, please forgive us. But it gives us the opportunity to do some things that we wouldn't ordinarily do. We want to hear from comedians today. How do you translate your material, which comes from a certain time and place, to a wider or different cultural or even ethnic group?Give us a call: 800-989-8255. Email us: talk@npr. org.","And Trevor Noah, what did you find translated well?Is there a material that you did in Cape Town that you can do in Los Angeles, or Baltimore for that matter?","Not really, no. Because the points of view changes, you know?I think the one - well, I could talk about Oprah. Oprah is worldwide. Yes.","Oprah is worldwide."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : And Trevor Noah, what did you find translated well? Is there a material that you did in Cape Town that you can do in Los Angeles, or Baltimore for that matter? (This turn has a literal meaning of asking Trevor Noah if his material translates well across different cultural settings)","questions":"Which comedian's material did PersonB ask about translating to different cultural settings?","answer":"Trevor"}
{"text":["Finally, Mike, the Super Bowl is usually one huge party. But given the current economy, do you think it'll be as big of a celebration?","Officially, they give figures that are absolutely impossible to check about how much the Super Bowl adds to the economy. $300 million is one of the official totals. But I've read different economists saying the impact on a local economy is very small. And I have informally talked to some limo drivers and talked to some people who work in hotels. And they said, you know, a year ago, if you told them the Super Bowl was going to be here, they would've thought they'd all be booked up by now. But you can still get a limo maybe on Friday and Saturday, maybe not Sunday going to the game.","So it does - and another indication is that there used to be two huge parties sponsored by Playboy and Maxim, and Playboy is not having its party. So that's the economic indicator of this Super Bowl, that Playboy is not having its party.","NPR's Mike Pesca in Tampa, Florida for this weekend's Super Bowl. Thanks Mike."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : the super bowl is the nfl finals, not a huge dish or bowl; economy is not liteally hit by the super bowl, but affected by it","questions":"What is the Super Bowl?","answer":"NFL"}
{"text":["Well, so far, they've gotten houses in Jeddah, a city on the Red Sea in Saudi Arabia. They've also gotten monthly stipends, or monthly payments, of about $10,000 to $15,000 per month.","Although it sounds like, from your reporting, that's just the beginning. You report negotiations for possible larger payments. What would they be?","Yeah. So this is - this happens in sort of two stages. These were payments that were approved by the king late last year for the family. But going forward, you know, there are cases; there are prosecutions underway in Saudi Arabia. When those conclude, there would be an opening for discussions for far more money. And that's where you get into the real sort of blood money situation or scenario. Those could be millions and millions of dollars (inaudible). . .","Now, we should just underline that. I mean, we understand, from civil lawsuits in the United States, the idea of punitive damages. Blood money, I guess, is somewhat similar but also different. This is a way to wipe away a killing rather than the family of the victim having to seek revenge. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) implies that there is a possibility of further financial compensation beyond the previously approved payments, while","questions":"Which stage was the payment approved in late last year for the family?","answer":"First"}
{"text":["Now it's, I should say this is a demonstration, it's not, you know, there is an actual kill that takes place in the video, but it's not a real kill, it's a demo kill. But what the system that they are playing or working on actually is designed to do and will do when it is deployed is to hunt, and if necessary kill, real targets. It fires missiles, it drops bombs, you can hear the guy talking about the weapons that he has available on one of his drones.","And they didn't just make it feel like a video game, they figured out that there's a sort of a feedback loop that was a problem for the operators, they couldn't kind of sense what was happening. And they hired video gamers to redesign their system for them.","Yeah, they hired real game developers. Because, you know, when you compared what people in the military were using to operate drones to what the latest Xbox or PlayStation system looked like, I mean the screens on this wrap around you so you feel as though you were there. One of the executives Raytheon describes it as projecting your mind into a place where you want it.","You write about watching this demonstration video with your seven year old kind of standing behind you watching this screen, and he gets it right away and he kind of likes it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"it's not a real kill, it's a demo kill\" - The literal meaning is that a demonstration kill took place, but it was not a real kill. The implied meaning is that the system being demonstrated is capable of killing real targets.","questions":"What type of targets can the system being demonstrated kill?","answer":"Real"}
{"text":["Yep, I mean, that is absolutely true. I'm, you know, I'm still young but I've definitely moved past the age where, you know, I feel young and feel completely invincible. Something catastrophic, whether it's an illness that comes along or whether it's an accident, or something of that nature, is a risk that's there. And, you know, it still seems to be a very low risk. But you're right. I mean, there's no logical way around that. That is definitely something that could happen at any time.","So you're not one of these people that thinks I'm young and strong and nothing will happen.","No. My, you know, shoulder and back hurts bad enough right now that. . .",". . . I know that's not the case."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. By saying \"you're not one of these people that thinks I'm young and strong and nothing will happen\"","questions":"Which type of turn is mentioned in the statement?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["When we say kids, how old are these kids?","We saw kids as young as 10 stealing cars. And the kids we spoke to that were older talked about getting involved around that age, around 10 or 11.","So once they get these cars, what do they do with them?","Well, so that's where the fact that they're juveniles really comes into play. When adults steal cars, it's often about, you know, sending them off to another continent or chopping them up for parts, making money.","When kids steal cars, they keep them on the streets. They're using them as toys. They're seeing how fast they can go - 160 miles per hour on the highway. They're driving the wrong way. They're chasing other friends in other stolen cars. In at least one case, we saw stolen cars used in a drive-by shooting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  A: \"We saw kids as young as 10 stealing cars. And the kids we spoke to that were older talked about getting involved around that age, around 10 or 11.\" - The literal meaning is that children who were 10 or 11 years old were involved in stealing cars. The actual meaning is that children as young as 10 years old were involved in stealing cars, which is surprising and concerning.","questions":"What is the age range of kids involved in stealing cars according to A?","answer":"10-11"}
{"text":["It is largely an age distinction. There are younger people who think that our geography has now trumped our history. We are in the world where it's more relevant than the ties we used to have. But for an older generation, those ties are really important, especially when it comes to war, and World War I and World War II, and New Zealand lost more soldiers per the population than most countries in the world. And they died and served under that flag.","Well, what are some of the alternatives that have been proposed?","The prime minister, John Key, here is a big fan of the silver fern. We have a symbol that we use on our sporting outfits. And one of our major teams, which is literally of a plant, a wee fern plant on a black background. For others, though, that's a bit too much like a brand or a logo than really a sovereign flag. There are artists who have come up with sort of designs of white skies and - 'cause, you know, it's also known as (Foreign language spoken) in Maori, the land of the long white cloud. There are Maori, the native people here, have independence flag that are talked about. So, quite a lot of options on the table to be debated.","Who gets to choose?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The prime minister, John Key, here is a big fan of the silver fern. We have a symbol that we use on our sporting outfits. And one of our major teams, which is literally of a plant, a wee fern plant on a black background. For others, though, that's a bit too much like a brand or a logo than really a sovereign flag. There are artists who have come up with sort of designs of white skies and - 'cause, you know, it's also known as (Foreign language spoken) in Maori, the land of the long white cloud. There are Maori, the native people here, have independence flag that are talked about. So, quite a lot of options on the table to be debated.  The implied meaning in this turn is that some people perceive the silver fern as more of a commercial symbol or branding rather than a true representation of national sovereignty. The mention of alternative designs, such as white skies representing the \"land of the long white cloud,\" and the discussion of independence flags for the Maori people, suggests a range of options for consideration. The literal meaning would focus on the description of different symbols and designs being discussed.","questions":"Which plant is featured on one of New Zealand's major team's outfits?","answer":"Fern"}
{"text":["Well, tomorrow, it's going to be a lot of pomp and circumstance. There'll be a wreath-laying at Westminster Abbey. There'll be a state dinner in the evening with the Queen at Buckingham Palace tomorrow, a meeting with Prime Minister May. Of course, she's a lame duck, so we're not expecting a lot there on the policy front. The big thing tomorrow is going to be street protests.","And what are we expecting there?","Huge numbers. There are going to be buses coming in from around England. The streets are going to be jammed. Londoners, of course, very progressive - this is a cosmopolitan city. And they tend to really dislike this president. His anti-immigration policies, his things that he said about women - it just really rubs Londoners the wrong way.","We'll be seeing a lot of things that - a lot of signs, clever signs, which is what British protesters are known for. And we'll also see Tuesday morning the Trump baby blimp make a reappearance. This is the blimp of Trump in a diaper and crying and looking - he's in the form of a baby. Very popular, and I'm sure we'll see lots of people out there when that goes aloft in Parliament Square."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Londoners dislike the president's policies and comments about women.","questions":"Which city tends to dislike Trump's policies and comments about women?","answer":"London"}
{"text":["Curative instruction meaning, I'm sorry I said that. Disregard that.","Exactly. Yeah, I made a mistake - mea culpa. I shouldn't have said that. Please disregard what I said and don't hold it against the counsel for either of the parties.","Dramatic testimony from Richard Gates, Manafort's former business partner, this week who essentially said, look. Paul Manafort's a crook. And I know because I am, too. And we schemed together to steal money. That's an argument the defense can turn against the prosecution in a way, though, too, isn't it?","Absolutely. So what the defense may try to do is say, what we're dealing with here is a criminal, a dishonest individual from start to finish. He is being sponsored - his testimony is being sponsored by the government. But you can't trust him. After all, look at all the things he's done. He's stolen, in fact, not only from others but from his own business associate, Mr.  Manafort."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A takes responsibility for their mistake and doesn't want it to reflect on the counsel","questions":"Which party's counsel does PersonA not want their mistake to be held against?","answer":"Either."}
{"text":["And the president did a victory dance in the end zone on Twitter after he was fired. He said Andrew McCabe being fired is a great day. He said he knew all about the lies and corruption going on at the highest levels of the FBI. Then what happened was even more significant because the president's private lawyer John Dowd released a statement saying that now that McCabe has been fired, he hopes that acting Attorney General Rosenstein will follow Jeff Sessions' lead and bring an end to the Mueller investigation. Now, at first, Dowd said he was speaking for the president when he issued this statement. Later, he backtracked, although it doesn't really matter.","Yeah. It's not news, though, that the president hates the Mueller probe. He's been pretty vocal about that on Twitter. Why is his lawyer statement so important?","It's important because it's a change in the legal strategy. Up until now, Donald Trump has always stopped short of saying something that could be perceived as an order to Rod Rosenstein to fire Mueller. He's always said, no, I'm not going to fire him. He's even said he looks forward to talking to him. Now it looks like they're opening a new phase, openly calling on the Department of Justice to shut down the Mueller investigation.","The Democrats have been pretty vocal. I've been seeing a lot of their reaction. Do we know what the Republicans in Congress have been saying or doing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Trump is now openly calling for the Mueller investigation to be shut down","questions":"How is Trump changing his approach towards the Mueller investigation?","answer":"Shutdown"}
{"text":["Yes.","I just wondered what that photograph brought up for you that made you want to have it as the cover of your album.","That photograph hit me like a ton of bricks. You know, I had - they had sent me about nine pictures, you know, trying to find something for the album. I didn't see the others. That was the only one I saw, and it grabbed me. You know, these little babies standing on the outside. They want to swing. They want to go on the slide.","And it kind of reminded me of my sisters and I. We had that problem when we were growing up. We couldn't go to the beach. We couldn't go to the park. We wanted some grass. Where we lived, we didn't really have any grass. You know, we'd have to play in a vacant lot with dirt and glass. So that photograph grabbed me in the heart and almost brought me to tears. I said, this is the one.","(Singing) Look at us now. Remember when. We've come a long, long way. We tell ourselves stories only we can believe. It's always hard, so hard to leave.","Does singing these songs give you courage?Do you hope it gives other people courage?What do you hope it gives them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker's childhood experiences were similar to those in the photograph","questions":"What childhood memories did the photograph remind the speaker of?","answer":"beach"}
{"text":["So, I think, you know, I didn't expect her to do anything huge after \"Dream Girls. \"I think that's just sort of the name of the game. When you're an African-American actress, you take what you can get. And this is a big film. It's a small role, but it's in a huge movie that will probably do incredibly well. I just thought she was ill-fitted. I didn't think she belonged in it.","Kelly Rowland, you mentioned her name, Destiny's Child.","MS.  SAMUELS: Right.","She basically said she wanted the part."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of the turn is that Kelly Rowland expressed interest in the part. However, the actual meaning may be that Kelly Rowland was not mentioned before this turn, and the speaker may be changing the subject or trying to steer the conversation in a different direction.","questions":"What was the reason behind the PersonA's turn in statement 3?","answer":"Change"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","So. . .","So I take it you don't like it.","I think it's kind of a joke. I think it has nothing to do with Wall Street.","Well, bullish markets - that sort of thing - yeah?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The implied meaning of this turn is that B is suggesting that the joke is related to Wall Street, such as the stock market and other financial activities.","questions":"What sort of markets does PersonB mention in turn 4?","answer":"Bullish"}
{"text":["The African nation of Gambia may see its own peaceful transition of power but only after weeks of negotiation and threats of military intervention. After initially accepting election results that voted him out of office, the reigning president of 22 years then refused to concede for weeks - until today. When facing international pressure and dwindling support, reports came that he has agreed to step down. Ruth Maclean is the West African correspondent for The Guardian. She's in the capital of Banjul, Gambia. Ruth, thanks very much for being with us.","Thanks for having me.","And what did the president say today?","Well, the president said last night in a midnight broadcast that he would step down and that he would act in the interest of the Gambian people. And that was the last that we heard from him. But he is still in State House. He hasn't left the country yet, and he hasn't ceded power as far as we know.","So I guess it's premature to ask who would replace him."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : is asking for the president's statement today, but the actual meaning is asking for an update on the situation. ","questions":"How did the president's statement today impact the situation in Gambia?","answer":"Resign."}
{"text":["Yeah, we're looking at how people make movies through a microscope. And I hadn't really thought about this much before this week, but there's a sort of long history of this, and there have been a few real pioneers of this field. And one of them is a guy, a photographer called Roman Vishniac.","And you may know this name because he's famous for sort of a very different kind of photography. He took portraits. He has a picture of Einstein that's pretty famous. And he is famous for documenting Jews in Eastern Europe for World War II.","But it turns out that he also was this huge science buff, and he made these educational movies funded by NSF and others for classroom use, and a lot of them featured his micro-movies, these movies that he did in his New York apartment through the microscope with, you know, pond scum that he collected I don't know where, my guess would be Central Park, just looking at some of the footage.","Right, and so then he trained - this moviemaker trained his camera into the lens of the microscope."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Roman Vishniac was a multifaceted artist who had interests in various fields.","questions":"How was Roman Vishniac involved in science education?","answer":"Science"}
{"text":["You've been following temporary staffing trends for more than two decades now. What sectors are relatively insulated from layoffs?","Well, the sectors that are most resilient are the higher-skill sectors, or if you can get into industries that are involved in education or health care or government. Those are the areas where you get the most bang. We're also seeing a nice increase in the mortgage-processing area, because one of the things the government's doing is lowering the conforming rate for mortgages. And so, there's kind of a rush to refinance.","When you say higher skills, are you talking about engineering, things of that sort?","Well, even within, say, clerical admin, there's always demand for good, you know, personal assistants. There's always demand for engineers or, you know, highly skilled folks. There are sometimes fewer jobs in those areas but for good people, you can get employed.","Now, geographically, where are the hot spots for temporary work?","We're seeing the best demand really around the D. C.  area. You know, Maryland, Virginia, the District of Columbia, of course the government's kind of gearing up, and there's lots of activity to, you know, take on some of these new projects. Another good area is Texas. Texas still has some residual goodwill related to energy and utilities. Beyond that, there is most of the - most every area of the country is feeling some pinch. Some of the toughest places are California, Nevada and Florida."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : Most everyone in the country is feeling that they have to cut back on spending money.","questions":"Which feeling is common among people in the country?","answer":"Pinch"}
{"text":["And you know, we still have, you know, we have horse farms. We have a couple of dairy farms left. In fact there's one dairy farm, the Ferris Acres Creamery, which people come from miles around it to have their ice cream. It's - they make it there. And you know, and we have hunters. And we have a couple of game, you know, hunting preserves around town. We still are in touch with that part of our tradition.","And does everybody's kids - do everybody's kids go to that particular elementary school?","No. We have, I believe, four elementary schools that feed into an intermediate school. So we have the Sandy Hook Elementary School. We have Hawley School, Middle Gate School, and the Head O'Meadow School. And my children went to the Head O'Meadow School, where I actually was in the graduating class when it first - when we first built that building in 1977. I still remember, I think, we buried some \"Star Wars\" paraphernalia in the front yard.","A time capsule."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The burying of Star Wars paraphernalia was a way of preserving their memories for future generations.","questions":"What was buried in the front yard?","answer":"Paraphernalia"}
{"text":["It's the most vegetal thing I've ever smelled.","Excellent. And we're going to add the ginger.","OK.","And then I got some mint. And then I got a little lime. OK, and then I'll do a little agave."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase \"the most vegetal thing\" in turn (1) is a metaphorical expression that means the smell is very fresh and green, like a vegetable, rather than literally smelling like a vegetable.","questions":"Which turn contains a metaphorical expression?","answer":"Turn0"}
{"text":["And what has it gotten back?","There was a record 455 films and television productions that were shot in Georgia in the last fiscal year. And they represented a $2. 7, you know, billion in direct spending, which they estimate brings in $9. 5 billion in total economic impact. So these numbers are really huge. And they have been a huge destination for feature films, and not just any sort of feature films, expensive blockbusters, the biggest of those being Marvel's \"Avengers\" movies, which shot at Pinewood Studios in Atlanta, which is a big production facility.","As we mentioned, studios and media companies have sent some warning signals. How likely, though, is an actual boycott?","These laws have sort of been spreading. And production people here in Hollywood are sort of taking a wait-and-see approach. And this abortion ban isn't supposed to take effect until January of 2020. So we have this sort of in-between time where a lot of studios and producers and executives are trying to figure out what the best course of action is, and do they keep projects there in the meantime?Should it be overturned before it's enacted, then Hollywood doesn't really have to worry about pulling out their productions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Georgia has become a popular destination for big budget movies and TV shows.","questions":"What was the name of the big budget movie that was shot at Pinewood Studios in Atlanta?","answer":"Avengers"}
{"text":["Finally, before I let you go today, you've said so for years you refuse to cede your faith to the corruptions of the institutional church, but now you've stopped going to Mass. May I ask you, what did you do today to connect with the divine when you would normally have been in church?","I'm in exile. I'm a man on the margin. I did not go to Mass. I did what many people do to be in touch with the holy. I walked along the harbor. I was quietly at prayer. I may not live to see what I'm calling for take place. I'll tell you this. A hundred years from now, there will be a Catholic church. And I tell you something else - it won't look at all like the church we live in now.","That's James Carroll. He's a former Catholic priest. His piece \"Abolish The Priesthood\" is in the June 2019 issue of the Atlantic.","Mr.  Carroll, thanks so much for talking to us.","My privilege. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"I may not live to see what I'm calling for take place\" implies that the speaker is advocating for a significant change in the Catholic Church that may not happen in their lifetime.","questions":"What is the speaker calling for that they may not live to see?","answer":"significant"}
{"text":["I don't think he is. I haven't heard him talk about the Constitution or small government. It's hard to say you espouse conservative principals and small-government principals when you are saying that you think Canadian health care system works and it's wonderful.","An NBC Wall Street Journal poll shows that Mr.  Trump has a very high favorability rating among conservative talk radio listeners. Do you have listeners that say to you you're wrong about this?","(Laughter) Not yet. I have lots of listeners who say that I'm wrong on this, but that's OK. I speak my mind, and my opinion is my opinion, nothing more and nothing less. I look for a man of integrity, humility, who is rooted in the Constitution - because if you root yourself in the Constitution, we can't go too far left, and we can go too far right. We are held by principles we all used to declare we found self-evident.","Do you have any sense of rivalry with Donald Trump?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  In this context, \"root yourself in the Constitution\" implies having a firm understanding of the values and principles in the Constitution, as opposed to its literal meaning of physically planting yourself in the document. ","questions":"Which word in turn 2 implies the need for a strong understanding of the values and principles in the Constitution?","answer":"Understanding"}
{"text":["Well, what they didn't admit is if they wanted all this capital, why have they spent $7 trillion - these companies in stock buybacks since 2005 - which is double the federal government's current entire budget if they needed capital for productive investment?Stock buybacks do not create any jobs. They don't create any productive investment. And they're a signal to corporate observers that, while people like Tim Cook know how to make a lot of money for the company, they don't know really what to do with it other than to enhance their own executive compensation package.","Still, it's a remarkable turnaround for Apple, isn't it?I mean, just a couple of decades ago, I think they were on the brink of extinction.","There's no doubt. It was a great turnaround. But under Steve Jobs, stock buybacks were prohibited. He paid himself very little. When Tim Cook came over, everything changed. And while they know how to make enormous money with their overpriced iPhones, they don't know how to productively use it. And Marxists of many decades ago would never have dreamed that corporations would pile up all this capital and not know how to use it productively.","Mr.  Nader, do you own an iPhone?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Corporations have piled up capital but do not know how to use it productively.","questions":"What is the issue with corporations' piled up capital according to Nader?","answer":"productive"}
{"text":["You know what really stands out for me in your book most of all?","Uh-oh.","You love your daughter. You love your grandson. And you love working.","I adore working. I am so - do you know how lucky I am?At this age, I have \"Fashion Police. \"I have an Internet show \"In Bed With Joan. \"And I just started something now called \"Drunken Celebrity Phone Calls. \"It's incredible."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) - Implied meaning: I am very grateful for the opportunities I have been given at my age.","questions":"How does PersonA feel about her current work situation?","answer":"Adore"}
{"text":["One of the roles that he may well play is kind of smoothing out the relations between President-elect Obama and his secretary of state to be, Hillary Clinton. The two were once rivals. Can you give an example of how he might go about in mediating, making sure that everything runs smoothly?","Well, I don't think you're going to have to ask that. Senator Hillary Clinton is a real pro. She's a great American. And she will know and understand her role. I just have no qualms about their needing any mediation whatsoever, and I don't think Jim Jones or anyone else will have to do it.","Can you give an example, politics aside, business aside, maybe of a time that you two shared together that just gave you a sense of what he was like?","We made a trip, as I recall, to the Balkans a good number of years ago when he was a one star general, and just sitting with and listening to him tell about the intricacies of situations there. He has a good handle on the problems that that faces."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : SENATOR HILARY CLINTON KNEW HER ROLE  VERY WELL AND TOO A GREAT AMERICAN","questions":"What is one word to describe how Senator Hillary Clinton is described by person PersonA in the dialogue?","answer":"Pro"}
{"text":["And let's just say, it was a fishing expedition. It was financed by Trump's opponents in both parties. Some fishing expeditions do come back with fish. And if this one actually did and some of that finds its way into the hands of special independent prosecutor Bob Mueller's investigators, then the dossier might, in some sense, inform their questions about Russian interference because all of this was about Trump's ties to people in Russia.","Right. And those questions about Russian interference will also be front and center in the upcoming hearings that we mentioned for the tech giants - Facebook, Twitter and Google executives who are going to be before Congress over two days this coming week. What will they be grilled about?","You know, in recent days, we have learned a good deal more about how extensive the Russian involvement in social media was, particularly the number of ads running on Facebook and how they were targeted. And some of this was using some of the people in Facebook who work with advertisers - big advertisers - and who help you target exactly the people you're trying to reach.","So this might have been - it appears to have been one of the main ways in which these Russian elements were trying to put a big thumb on the scale in the 2016 election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) Fishing expedition: a search for information or evidence that is conducted with little or no direction and is likely to be fruitless.","questions":"Which term describes the purpose of the fishing expedition mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Direction"}
{"text":["Professor Ferguson, what about those Americans - and I daresay - according to polls, they number into quite a large amount who feel, if I might boil it down this way, the United States doesn't need a strategy because it has no business doing anything?That this is a tragic human situation, but it does not involve the national security interest of the United States.","The reality is that allowing Islamic State to become an authentic state is very dangerous indeed for the United States because this is an organization more dangerous than al-Qaida and has the potential, unlike al-Qaida, to become a really major political force if we allow Islamic State to become more state-like. I think ultimately the United States will regret bitterly not having acted sooner to stop it.","Does Vladimir Putin, whatever else might be said of him, have a sharper strategic vision than President Obama?","Putin is essentially aiming, I think, to present the United States with a stark choice - ISIS or Assad. That's why I think Putin is directing his fire now at the non-ISIS opponents of the Assad regime, the people we at least thought we were going to help. And I think that's clever because we are in the position of wanting neither Assad nor ISIS. I don't think that's in fact an option. I think we are going to have to decide, and I think we have to prioritize the destruction of ISIS."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: The United States has to choose between Assad and ISIS, and it should prioritize the destruction of ISIS.","questions":"What should the United States prioritize in terms of destruction?","answer":"ISIS"}
{"text":["There are several photographs of Wolfert in the book wearing an apron. What's written on the apron is - keep calm and follow the recipe. Now, she is known for being able to remember recipes in great detail and tasting something and knowing what's in it. You make the recipes in the book very detailed with very clear instructions and accurate measurements - more detailed than her books were, as I recall. Why'd you do that?","Her cookbooks assume a high degree of cooking experience. Her biggest audience were professional chefs. And she basically wrote her books for them. I wanted to let anybody cook these. Obviously, couscous is one of the most difficult recipes in the book. We chose most of her most accessible recipes so that you could discover the wonderful flavors of pomegranate molasses or sumac. Or - we wanted everyone to be able to enjoy the incredible layered and truly unforgettable flavors of the best Paula Wolfert recipes.","Well, let's get back to our country and this weekend. This is the Thanksgiving holiday. So I'm going to ask you for a recommendation for a post-Thanksgiving antidote.","Absolutely. The cracked green olive relish, which is from southeastern Turkey, is a terrific palate cleanser. And it uses wonderful fall foods like pomegranate seeds. And you just want to be careful making it because you'll never want to stop making it. It's so good."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : An antidote is a cure for all disease which is funny that an antidote can make the fatigue from eating Thanksgiving disappear. ","questions":"How does the cracked green olive relish serve as a Thanksgiving antidote?","answer":"Palate"}
{"text":["Yeah, thank you.","So tell us what the article said.","Well, it's very interesting. It's in the Jesuit magazine La Civilta Cattolica. It's a very historic magazine, the Jesuits, of course, being the same order that Pope Francis - an order of priest that Pope Francis is a part of. And what's very interesting is that these two authors are known to be quite close to him. One, Antonio Spadaro, was the person who interviewed him in 2013 and made a big splash. And what they're saying is that they're concerned about ties between fundamental evangelicals and, kind of, right-wing Catholics in the U. S.  that are focused only on very neuralgic issues and kind of dividing in politics.","And the article, I believe, specifically talks about xenophobic and Islamophobic views.","Yeah. What the authors say is that, you know, Pope Francis has really been trying to create a culture of dialogue encounter, really working with people across all the spectrums. And what the two authors in this article are saying is that these right-wing groups in the U. S.  have been really doing the opposite. Where Pope Francis is trying to build bridges, they're trying to build walls. And they're playing up concerns about migration, about refugees. And they're kind of operating in the exact opposite way of the pope which, for a Catholic, is obviously a very strange thing.","All right, this article also directly mentions President Donald Trump and his adviser Steve Bannon. What does it say about them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"Trying to build walls\" - The actual meaning is that they are trying to create barriers and divisions instead of promoting unity and understanding.","questions":"How is the approach of right-wing groups towards migration and refugees described in the article?","answer":"Barriers"}
{"text":["Jay Austin and Lauren Geoghegan were both 29. For years, they worked desk jobs in Washington, D. C.  - Lauren at the admissions office at Georgetown University, Jay at the Department of Housing and Urban Development. In their travel blog, they wrote that they wanted to live life on simpler, more deliberate terms and see the globe in an inexpensive, sustainable and gratifying way. They wanted to bike it. Back in 2015, Jay Austin showed an NPR reporter around his house as part of a feature on the tiny house movement.","That's the parlor over there, seating for about seven or so, two couches.","All 143 square feet of it. Jay Austin believed in tiny homes.","I think it's really been great to have kind of not a very complex, not a very expensive space but to have the ability to have easy access to nature. If I am feeling like I have cabin fever, I open my front door."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Jay Austin's tiny house is extremely small, measuring only 143 square feet.","questions":"How many square feet is Jay Austin's tiny house?","answer":"143"}
{"text":["You described some playwrights, Beckett, for example, as somebody whose work seems to back away from you the closer you get it. But Miller's play, you say, is not like that.","No. It wasn't like - my experience with Chekhov and Beckett was just what you'd call - that they get harder and harder as you go. But with \"Salesman,\" surprisingly, because it's fully as great a play as those others, it did welcome us and come toward us day by day. And then, we did a fairly smart thing, which is that we had a workshop just for ourselves for almost a month, and nobody ever saw it and we didn't perform it, but we just worked on it. And then as per plan, we went away for over three and a half months.","And then when we came back, we went into rehearsal and then finally got onstage and did it. And the three and a half months living and doing other things made a surprisingly big difference. It just sank into everybody and took enormous strides all on its own, and that was both exciting and surprising in its extent. And also, it was a clue to what was going to continue to happen, which is that it just burrowed deeper and deeper into the actors and they - into one another, and they have become a family. And they're - what goes on between them is - I've never seen - in my experience, I've never seen it quite like this.","Philip Seymour Hoffman obviously plays the lead role. Is - did the play come first or the actor come first?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"did welcome us and come toward us day by day\" - This is a metaphorical expression that means the play became easier to understand and appreciate over time, and it felt like it was reaching out to the actors.","questions":"How was the play received over time?","answer":"Easier"}
{"text":["This was during the Gilded Age, and this - you know, the original 1-percenters in this country. They wanted - especially Western Pennsylvania - I mean, steel moved this country. Steel helped build this country in the industrial age. And that steel was in Western Pennsylvania and throughout Pennsylvania - and the titans of steel and of coal and railroads. And they wanted a club that their compatriots had out West. And so they created the South Fork Hunt and Fish Club. And they wanted to be able to go out boating and fishing. And so they're in the Conemaugh Valley. They dammed up a river, created an earthen dam. But it was not well prepared. And the people were concerned about it. And they said this dam could fail. And if this dam fails, it would be catastrophic.","There was a lot of rain, wasn't there?","I mean, we talk about rain of biblical proportions. I mean, it was more than a foot of rain. But the problem was in the engineering of the dam. There was no way to - on a methodical basis - to be able to release water. The water just kept coming over the spillway and eroding the face of the dam, which was holding in all the rock and stone. And that gave way. Within 40 minutes, 20 million tons of water was emptied and heading down the Conemaugh Valley at about 40 to 50 miles per hour.","And as the water threatened to burst through - of course, in those days, no radio, no TV, no Twitter."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Biblical proportions of rain were a contributing factor, but the failure of the dam was ultimately due to poor engineering.","questions":"How was the failure of the dam caused?","answer":"engineering"}
{"text":["The MIT Media Lab has been under fire for the past several weeks for its financial links to deceased sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. The lab's director, Joi Ito, initially said he had accepted $525,000 and more for his own private tech investment funds from Epstein, and he apologized. Now The New Yorker has detailed the lengths to which the MIT lab went to conceal its acceptance of millions of dollars more in gifts arranged by Epstein. Today, Ito formally resigned, writing, quote, \"after giving the matter a great deal of thought over the past several days and weeks, I think that it is best that I resign as director of the media lab and as a professor and employee of the institute, effective immediately\" - unquote. Joining us to talk about this is NPR media correspondent David Folkenflik from New York.","David, welcome back. Thanks for joining us.","My pleasure.","Could you just walk us through the scale of this?How far did MIT go to conceal their ties with Jeffrey Epstein?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : joining us implies being a part or a participant ","questions":"Which word implies being a part or a participant?","answer":"Joining"}
{"text":["And actually, when I used to go home at about midday to sleep, everyone was in work still, so it was very quiet. So I liked the fact that I was almost like a bat - you know, vampire bat - coming out purely at night and disappearing when the sun came up.","One of the important qualities in baking that you talk about in this book is the importance of touch.","Yeah. Yeah, absolutely. I mean, in this world of health and safety, I remember - there's a lot of, you know, they try and encourage the bakers to wear gloves - rubber gloves when you're kneading bread. I mean, what?","I mean, this is one of the oldest traditions in the world. And to get bakers to wrap up their hands so they can't feel the dough - it's that touch, which you cannot teach - it's something you have to practice, practice, practice and get used to. And once you have that touch, you can make anything because it's all about consistency - baking - whether it's consistency in a sponge, in a great pastry or, indeed, a good bread."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is emphasizing the importance of developing a skillful touch when baking, which can only be achieved through consistent practice.","questions":"Which quality is emphasized for successful baking?","answer":"Vampire"}
{"text":["Hey there, Lulu.","So I saw on your Twitter feed that you had only run into half the journalists in the Western Hemisphere.","(Laughter).","What is the atmosphere there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The atmosphere is how people are feeling toward one another and treating one another.","questions":"How would you describe the atmosphere?","answer":"Friendly"}
{"text":["The billionaire financier Jeffrey Epstein has been taken into federal custody related to sex trafficking. According to The Daily Beast, who first reported this story, Epstein was arrested yesterday and will appear in court tomorrow to be charged in connection with sex trafficking minors. This comes more than a decade after accusations first surfaced that Epstein had paid dozens of young girls for sex. But he avoided federal criminal charges and significant prison time in a plea deal that continues to draw criticism for its lenient terms. For more on this, we called Pervaiz Shallwani, one of the Daily Beast reporters who broke this story. And he's with us now.","Thank you so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me.","And I'm just going to start by saying that the details may be disturbing to some listeners because this does involve accusations about the treatment of young girls. So, having said that, Pervaiz, as briefly as you can, what are the allegations that first surfaced against Epstein in 2007 and 2008?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is highlighting the severity of the allegations against Jeffrey Epstein and warning the listeners that the details may be upsetting.","questions":"How did the speaker describe the accusations against Jeffrey Epstein?","answer":"Disturbing"}
{"text":["Thank you, Tony. It's a pleasure to be with you.","As I understand it, I should be singing \"Happy Birthday\" to you. Your birthday's Monday, right?","You know all the information, don't you?","It just means we did our homework on you. Happy birthday, Nneena Freelon.","Thank you, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B researched A's birthday and is wishing her happy birthday","questions":"What is PersonB congratulating PersonA on?","answer":"Birthday"}
{"text":["I mean, there have been some high-profile examples recently of sort of ethically questionable journalism, you know, maybe at best. Do you think that - and this is sort of tangential, but do you think that that, the definition of plagiarism needs to be updated for the Web?","I mean, given that I started this thing, you mentioned the curator's code, I think about that a lot. I think plagiarism is kind of a harsh word that comes from the publishing world, you know, kind of a legacy term. And there are many layers to it. It's a little bit of a grab bag.","But online, one of the things that I think about a lot, which I think is a form of sort of neo-plagiarism as this idea of OK, you know, we live at a time where there's almost infinite information, and it takes time to find the meaningful and to separate it from the meaningless, and that's effort, and that's sort of creative labor.","And when someone does that, and let's say - you know, for example, one of my favorite sites, Open Culture, run by Dan Colman out of Stanford, he finds amazing archival stuff. You know, and he spends time in the archives looking for it. And then it gets sort of reported on, say, Huffington Post or Business Insider, just sort of regurgitated."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"curator's code\", which refers to a set of ethical guidelines for curating content on the web; \"legacy term\", which refers to a term that has been inherited from an earlier time and may no longer be entirely relevant or appropriate; \"grab bag\", which is used here to describe the various components of plagiarism that don't necessarily fit neatly into one category.","questions":"What is the \"curator's code\"?","answer":"Ethical"}
{"text":["I don't think about what they don't have. I don't think in those terms. But for me, you know, I was not only the Budget Committee chairman and the chief architect of the '97 agreement where we balanced the budget for the first time since we walked on the moon and had big surpluses, but I also served on the Armed Services Committee, so I was deeply engaged in national security policy. And my private sector experience was invaluable. And now I am an executive of, you know, one of the most important states in America. I don't mean just politically, but economically. And no matter who you are - drug addicted, mentally ill, working poor, autistic, disabled, minority - you're all in the Ohio family. Everybody should have a chance to rise. That's our philosophy in Ohio and that's my philosophy for America.","Do you want to overturn the Affordable Care Act?","I'd like to replace it with a health care system that would be market-driven, that would begin to shift us to quality-based health care rather than quantity-based health care. In other words, with the primary care doctor being the shepherd to shepherd us through our health care needs, with insurance companies and hospitals working together to share profits, to share the gains they make by keeping people healthy rather than treating them on the basis of how they're sick.","It's often pointed out that you use the Affordable Care Act law to expand Medicaid coverage in Ohio. Does that suggest to you that the law known as Obamacare has helped people?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of the speaker's response to the question of overturning the Affordable Care Act is that they don't only want to do away with it, but also to replace it with something better.","questions":"What does the speaker want to replace the Affordable Care Act with?","answer":"Replace"}
{"text":["And the story is conveyed through the eyes of this young woman, this farmer's wife, who discovers it, actually, in a - she's kind of in an awkward situation. She's going somewhere where she's not supposed to be, and she sees it and she's not allowed to tell anyone. But she feels it's her personal burning bush. She takes it as a warning to go back.","I wanted to write it initially through her eyes so that you, too, would not know what you are seeing. But later. . .","If SCIENCE FRIDAY didn't spoil it.","Well, yeah. But you see what I mean?Because it is about perception and how we need to be - to understand what we're seeing before we can really see it, that's really key to understanding this whole issue of climate change and why we see or don't see what's right in front of us."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Climate change is hard to see because of how we perceive it.","questions":"How is climate change hindered by our perception?","answer":"perception"}
{"text":["The flaws that one makes, that one has, are more apparent. The mistakes one makes are more apparent when you've died. The sweet scent of marjoram sweeps away all the contradictions, but yet Jesse Jackson has been the most extraordinary rhetorical genius to articulate the vision, the virtue, and the value of black life in the American public square.","Al Sharpton has emerged in the last few years. Reverend Al Sharpton himself sees himself as part of the legacy of Martin Luther King Jr. , but at the same time, he worked up north, Dr.  King worked down south. Jessie Jackson, of course, worked in Chicago. And these two gentlemen then challenged some of the prevailing forms of oppression in the midst of a northern culture that had not yet tested its commitment to civil rights.","And Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton forced them to grapple with it. Jackson in Chicago, Sharpton in New York, especially focusing on police brutality and forms of white mob violence directed against vulnerable black people. Barack Obama\u2026","And then - yeah, Barack Obama has a sort of different place in the\u2026"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of this sentence is that Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton forced people to confront an issue. The actual meaning, however, is that these two individuals were vocal and prominent in their advocacy for civil rights and specifically addressing issues of police brutality and violence against black people.","questions":"How did Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton challenge prevailing forms of oppression?","answer":"Civil-rights"}
{"text":["I wish, by this time, I had better news. Our colleagues in the U. N.  system are now reporting that at least 2. 3 million people have been uprooted. Officially, there are 1. 2 million internally displaced. And don't forget that a year ago, there were no displaced people and now Ukraine is in the top 10 countries in the world with large displaced populations. We can tell you also that the humanitarian situation is very dire. Well over 6,000 - almost 7,000 - people have been killed and almost 17,000 have been injured. There's very little water, food, medical supplies available, so life is very, very difficult. But the problem for Ukraine, of course, is it's been well over a year now that the conflict has been active, so you can imagine the strain on the system and on society's fabric.","Ukraine says that Russian humanitarian convoys are carrying weapons across the border.","We have no way to verify that but what we do observe - we have a sister border monitoring mission on the Russian side of the border and they do report when these convoys cross - what time, how many vehicles, whether they're inspected. But I can't recall one time where we've actually reported that we've seen arms or anything like that. But I do have to point out is that we're not able to enter these vehicles.","Is this frustrating work, Mr.  Bociurkiw?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is turn (4) \"Is this frustrating work, Mr. Bociurkiw?\" The literal meaning of the question is asking Mr. Bociurkiw if he finds his work frustrating, but the implied meaning is whether Mr. Bociurkiw finds his work challenging due to the difficult and complex nature of the situation in Ukraine","questions":"Which turn's implied meaning in the dialogue refers to the challenging nature of Mr. Bociurkiw's work?","answer":"4"}
{"text":["President Obama faces increasing pressure to intervene in Syria, where the civil war has killed an estimated 70,000 people and displaced more than a million more. Artillery, tanks and anti-aircraft fire - and aircraft fire on civilians, and now there are reports that nerve gas has been used as well. The U. S.  would justify any action as a humanitarian intervention to protect civilians, the same ground cited in Bosnia, Somalia, Iraq and Libya. And as those instances suggest, the president faced tremendous risks and very little prospect of reward. That's the conclusion of Gary Bass, a professor of politics in international affairs at Princeton University. He's the author of \"Freedom's Battle: The Origins of Humanitarian Intervention,\" and he joins now via Skype from his home in New York. Good of you to be with us today.","Thank you.","And it's hard to talk about this topic without bringing up Syria, where the president is being asked to intervene under pressure to do so.","That's right. And increasingly, people are talking about it. Seventy thousand dead, how can this go on day after day?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"without bringing up Syria\" implies without speaking about the topic of Syria.","questions":"What is the topic that is being avoided in the dialogue?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Well, the main thing is it's this stew of ingredients that really never quite come together right. We have people from all over the world who come here to visit and to party and it's a lot of them just to live or to get away from something. Then we have the fact that it's basically a swamp. I mean, I live in a swamp. Right now, we have an infestations of Burmese pythons, gigantic snakes, roaming around the Everglades, and it just never, ever calms down. down here.","You make it sound like it's a city that's been only nominally reclaimed from the wilds of swampland.","It hasn't been reclaimed. When I first moved here, the first day of my life as a homeowner in South Florida, I walked out onto my lawn to get the newspaper, and on my lawn were crabs. Like, not just a few but hundreds and hundreds of crabs, and they were not happy about me being there because it turns out it was crab mating season. And they were, like, waving their pinchers at me, like, angrily, like, I wanted to mate with their women. I didn't want their women. Their women are crabs, you know. But they didn't know that - or maybe they were bitter about that. I don't know. But I remember sprinting back into my house barefoot, afraid to go out and get the paper. I thought where I have I moved?I lived in Pennsylvania. We had crabgrass. But here we have crabs.","You really love Miami, don't you?You're from Pennsylvania, but you really love Miami."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : stew of ingredients implies that the people that live there come from varying backgrounds","questions":"How would you describe the main attraction of Miami?","answer":"Variety"}
{"text":["And so where do we go from here?One of the things that happened after the decree was issued is the stock market plunged.","Well, at this point, we'll have to see. I mean, these huge numbers came out tonight. It's unclear if the president will have a new reaction to this, but in their mind, they have to push forward. They're going to get a constitution out even if it does lack some legitimacy internationally and domestically because of what's happened with these decrees, because of the walkouts that have come out.","And a lot of his political opponents, people that were unable, you know, Mohammed Morsi was elected also very - by a very slim margin of the population. So you're seeing former presidential candidates like Amr Moussa, once the foreign minister here, once the head of the Arab League, Mohamed ElBaradei, the Nobel laureate. Those people are really capitalizing on this real anger towards Mohammed Morsi and possibly rejuvenating their political careers. So we'll really have to see. We're seeing a very divided nation, and many people are very worried about what will happen next.","There is, as you mentioned, it is an Islamist victory in those elections, but it was not just the Muslim Brotherhood. A big fraction of that was Salafis, who are even more extreme."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Mohammed Morsi's political opponents are using the people's anger for their own gain","questions":"What are former presidential candidates doing with the people's anger towards Mohammed Morsi?","answer":"Gain"}
{"text":["A whistleblower has told Congress that at least 25 people were granted security clearances by the Trump administration after career employees recommended denying those clearances. Those 25 include two current senior White House officials. The whistleblower's name is Tricia Newbold. She's an 18-year career employee who currently works at the Personnel Security Office. That's the office that recommends for or against granting security clearances to members of the administration. She gave these details in private testimony to the House Oversight Committee last month.","Joining me now is a member of that committee, Jamie Raskin, Democrat from Maryland. Welcome.","I'm delighted to be with you.","So Tricia Newbold flags three particular instances involving senior White House officials who are kept anonymous. Can you tell us a little more about these officials who were initially denied security clearances but those decisions were overruled?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Joining me now\" does not imply that Jamie Raskin physically joined the interviewer in the same location, but rather that he is participating in the conversation remotely or over a video call. This is an example of a figurative or idiomatic use of language where the intended meaning is different from the literal meaning of the words used.","questions":"Which idiom is used in the interview that implies a figurative or non-literal meaning?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["So you alluded to earlier about the championship coming down. The championship can never come down. That's part of history. You can take a banner down, but you can't take the championship away because there was no performance-enhancing drugs. There was no phony classes. There was no steroids being used, no gambling on the games.","Should college coaches do more than just win?I mean, do they have an obligation to instruct, be good examples for young athletes?","Ninety percent, if not more, of college coaches not only educate their players on the court, they build lifelong friendships. They mentor the young men. They help them get jobs. Unfortunately, the ones that get the most noise are people like myself involved in this scandal that comes across as if college basketball is corrupt. And it's really not. Four years ago, I went on a tremendous rant about shoe companies getting involved in the recruiting business. It's. . .","Yeah, and even as you note in the book, the shoe companies in other ways have been pretty nice to you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement implies that the Championship cannot be withdrawn because there's not tangible reason for such.","questions":"How can the Championship be taken away?","answer":"Cannot"}
{"text":["I think my career - had before this was 48, and I thought I had a pretty good game in that game. But it turns out it didn't even come close to this one.","I've read you just came from a weekend tournament where you went 11-41 in two games; from the depths to the heights.","Yeah. Yeah. I had a pretty poor shooting weekend. So coming into this game, my coaches and my teammates really wanted to get me going a little bit offensively to get my confidence up before we head into conference play.","And get your confidence up, you made, I think - what was it?More than 50 shots."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : shots implies the activities in a game and not referring to a gunshot","questions":"Which word in the dialogue implies that the person being talked about had a poor performance in a tournament?","answer":"poor"}
{"text":["Sherrilyn, are you with us?","I am.","OK.  Any sign of polling difficulties that were out of the ordinary in a way that prevented people from having their say?","Well I think it's going to interesting to see what we learn over the next few days. In many ways because people were caught up in the euphoria of this election. I think some of the information is going to drip in."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Information \"dripping in\" implies that some information will become available slowly over the near future.","questions":"What does the phrase \"dripping in\" suggest?","answer":"Slow-release"}
{"text":["This strikes me as a bit like saying, well, we don't want to stigmatize people on food stamps, so we're going to give food stamps to wealthy people so they also will buy their groceries for food stamps. This is an astonishing thing. This is the ultimate in corporate welfare.","Big banks like JP Morgan Chase and Bank of America essentially were forced by the Fed or very much had their arms twisted by the Fed and the Treasury to take $25 billion. Some somewhat smaller banks had to take 20 billion. So a lot of this money was just an enormous sum to be given to these big institutions.","Let me ask, why did they agree if they think they didn't need it?","Well, I think essentially - well, when you're dealing with Uncle Sam, you essentially are given an offer you can't refuse. OK, well, you don't want to take this money if you don't want to, but good luck next time you want anything from us. And I think that they were - essentially were coerced into taking this money."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Big banks were forced to take the money from the Fed and the Treasury.","questions":"Which banks received $25 billion from the Fed and the Treasury?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Fiscal Armageddon, Democrats helping the Bush administration, Republicans bulking. These are historic times indeed. We actually verified this by calling Clyde Wilcox, professor of Government at Georgetown University. I asked if he had ever seen anything quite like this.","Yeah. During the Regan administration, it would often be the case, that House Republicans in particular would not go along with some of Reagan's proposals. And so he would manage to get to get support by winning majority of Democrats and a few Republicans.","But one of the things that when really complicated financial legislation like this happens, often times it takes Congress a little while to deliberate and put together coalitions. And the high pressure to get this done very, very quickly is not usually a sign of Congress doing it's best. When Congress gets a bill passed really, really fast there's almost always significant things they need to go back and change later.","You mentioned the similarities to the Reagan administration, it seems like one key difference here is that so much of this is happening so close to an election."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Fiscal Armageddon\" implies the severity of the financial crisis.","questions":"What does \"Fiscal Armageddon\" suggest?","answer":"Crisis"}
{"text":["So, what are we to make of Fabulous Fab and his verdict?","They finally got somebody - five years later, yeah. Unfortunately, it's quite the small fry in the grand scheme of things. The Goldman Sachs' trader who put together a deal that the SEC believed - and I think the evidence shows - was deceptive, at least to the people on the other side of the trade. And, you know, unlike everybody else at Goldman, he wrote some emails he really shouldn't have written and made himself a nice, big, fat, juicy target. And the SEC took full and complete advantage.","So, the Justice Department charges that hedge fund with insider trading and then shortly after that this happened. Are we looking at a trend?","Ah. Well, in terms of prosecuting individuals involved in the financial crisis, we are not looking at a trend. We are looking at an end-point. What the trend might be is that we have a new chairwoman at the SEC, Mary White, who's a former prosecutor, who has really beaten the drums about being tough on financial crime. And I think what we are seeing is the beginning of a new toughness by the SEC for which this victory gives them kind of, if nothing else, kind of a moral authority to say we can charge forward and there's a lot more financial crime out there that we are uncovering. And even though it's necessarily related to the financial crisis, we are going to be tougher. We're going to prosecute. We're going to bring tougher civil actions against firms and perhaps individuals. So, I think in that sense it does signal something new."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : beaten the drum means they are making a lot of comments about it","questions":"How did Mary White contribute to the new toughness of the SEC?","answer":"Prosecuting"}
{"text":["Kristen's reporting illuminated that one of their co-founders had been accused of harassment by multiple women. He was still very much part of the agency when Kristen's reporting came out. Soon after, he was suspended. And then a few weeks later, he quietly resigned. There are reports specifically from women that he groped them, that he made - I mean, I don't even know if I can repeat the comments that he made. There is one photographer from the agency who cannot speak about what she experienced because she has been silenced by an NDA.","A nondisclosure agreement.","A nondisclosure agreement.","We should say that he's denied those allegations. You followed up with your own report on this. So you've been looking into this. And I'm curious what the industry's reaction has been to your story and Kristen's story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The reporting brought emphasis to the harrassment so that others would notice.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue implies that the co-founder denied the harassment allegations?","answer":"denied"}
{"text":["My own judgment is it is a personal power struggle. President Salva Kiir is in power, and Riek Machar - he has been the deputy in the party and the deputy in the government. And in 2015, Riek Machar came openly talking about his ambition to become the president of the Republic of South Sudan one day. That led to his dismissal. That is the genesis of this problem.","President Salva Kiir is from the ethnic Dinka majority, the largest tribes in South Sudan, and Riek Machar is from Nuer, the second largest tribe. And, you know, in South Sudan, these two tribes - they constitute the majority of the - of the army. That is why fighting took place with the support of these two big tribes who dominated army.","There are 12,000 U. N.  peacekeeping troops there already. The proposal is for another 4,000. I gather a spokesman for the South Sudan government says they're opposed because this would be neocolonialism. Help us understand what he means by that.","Well, the government is saying it is an attempt to colonize South Sudan. It is an attempt by the American government to change the regime or the regime change. That is what the government is saying, but I don't know whether that is the intention. This morning, I had an opportunity to interview the U. S.  ambassador - the South Sudan ambassador, Molly Phee - and she categorically denied that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) B's statement about the South Sudan government opposing the proposal for 4,000 U.N. peacekeeping troops due to neocolonialism implies that the government is wary of foreign influence and control, and fears that the deployment of additional troops would be an infringement on their sovereignty. The actual meaning goes beyond the literal definition of neocolonialism as a form of indirect control by developed nations over less developed ones.","questions":"How does the South Sudan government view the proposal for 4,000 U.N. peacekeeping troops?","answer":"neocolonialism"}
{"text":["When the novel \"Angels Make Their Hope Here\" begins the Civil War is not far off. It's 1849 and the U. S.  is riven by racial conflict. Inside the world of the novel a man named Duncan Smoot is about to save a young girl from slavery. Her name is Dossey - Dossey Byrd as he calls her. He brings her to Russell's Knob, a settlement in the New Jersey Highlands, that's a sort of idyllic interracial enclave where everyone is free and blacks and whites and Native Americans intermarry. This is the third work of historical fiction from Breena Clarke whose previous novel, \"River Cross My Heart,\" was a selection for Oprah's book club. Breena Clarke joins us now from our New York bureau. Thanks for being here.","Oh, well, I'm really happy to be here, Tamara. Thank you for having me.","I'd love for you to start by reading the description of Russell's Knob.","OK. The first building in the village was a small, stone house that sat like a muddy, brown bird hiding herself in dense foliage. Outsiders and casual climbers were meant to miss seeing the cleverly disguised house and the cut that led to the town. If you knew the cuts, you could find the town."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"sat like a muddy, brown bird hiding herself in dense foliage\" - The literal meaning is that the small, stone house was situated in a way that it resembled a bird blending in with the surrounding foliage. The figurative meaning could be interpreted as the house being intentionally hidden from outsiders and only visible to those who knew where to look.","questions":"What is the color of the small, stone house?","answer":"Brown"}
{"text":["Given that President Trump pulled the U. S.  out of this deal a year ago, why has Iran just now decided to do all this?","Well, there's a couple of reasons. One, as you mentioned, the U. S.  isn't the only party to the deal. And so after the U. S.  pulled out, Iran wanted to give the other parties, which are Russia, Europe and China, time to maybe provide some sanctions relief, to provide it a reason to stay in. After a year, that hadn't happened. And so Iran has been putting pressure, particularly on Europe, to try and get something in exchange for agreeing to abide by the deal.","The other big thing that's going on is that the U. S.  is dialing up this maximum pressure campaign. And Iran is kind of exerting the same campaign back. You know, they are starting to be increasingly provocative in a number of arenas, and the nuclear arena is one of those.","And does this mean that the deal is likely to totally fall apart soon?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Iran is responding to the US's maximum pressure campaign","questions":"Which country's campaign is Iran responding to?","answer":"U.S."}
{"text":["Sure. The basic idea is that if, in your country, you've got natural resources, that somebody is going to pay to come into your country and extract and then sell on the international market. That seems like something that ought to economically benefit your country. You will get new revenue from the extraction and sale of your natural resources. But what we see over and over again is that selling off your natural resources in the commodities market tends to kind of ruin your country. It tends to leave you worse off, even economically worse off. And that's because it has a warping effect on your economy.","It's hard to have a diversified, stable economy when you've got one resource that's pulling in such a big revenue stream. And when you've got one resource that's pulling in such a big revenue stream, you tend to end up with very rich elites who will do anything to hold onto power, who stop doing the other things that governments should otherwise be doing to serve the needs of the people.","OK. So what does this have to do with Michael Jackson's glove?","(Laughter) Well, it's both a sad and all areas side story in this. The government in Equatorial Guinea got all these oil revenues. And they basically decided to turn the president of the country and his son into some of the richest and most ostentatiously, flagrantly tacky people on the globe while the people of that country suffered and got poorer."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Selling off natural resources makes the economy in a country worse than before.","questions":"How does selling off natural resources affect a country's economy?","answer":"Worse"}
{"text":["So, number one, the Web site made a drastic change and a tremendous shift. It opened up transparency. It put a lot of ways for individuals to feel that they could be more empowered to have better access or a direct access, almost like an open Internet door to the administration. Number two, they looked to hire a chief technology officer for the administration, which has been done. They've actually checked that off of their list and that has never been a position within the White House to that level before.","And then, number three, I would say actually the stimulus package, you know, coming through with $7. 2 billion being placed specifically for broadband access in rural areas. Those are three key things - oh, and the fourth thing would be, actually redoing - re-upgrading rather the systems within the White House. Internet connectivity was extremely - is extremely slow there. Outdated computers, viruses, just issues with just the infrastructure of technology that was there left by the previous administration.","You know, that was going to be my next question because I understood as the new administration staff took their offices in the White House, what they found were computers that were - I suppose outdated and very slow and. . .","Yeah.","Not nearly as technologically advance that you would expect from the White House."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The new administration has made efforts to increase access to broadband in rural areas. The White House infrastructure and technology were outdated and in need of upgrades.","questions":"How much money was allocated for broadband access in rural areas through the stimulus package?","answer":"$7.2"}
{"text":["Bummer.","Yeah, it is.","David Roth is the founder of the independent sports website The Classical. Thanks so much for talking with us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In turn (1), \"Bummer\" is often used as an expression of disappointment or sympathy. Therefore, it implies a meaning beyond its literal meaning of \"something that is unpleasant or disappointing.\"","questions":"How would you describe the meaning of \"Bummer\" in turn (1)?","answer":"Disappointment"}
{"text":["One of the stories in the collection is called \"Missed Connection-m4w\" - men for women - and it begins sort of like a Craigslist post in missed connections and then evolves from there. And you actually first published this on Craigslist. Is that right?","Yeah. What the story is about is about this guy who can't work up the nerve to talk to this woman sitting on the same train car as him. And in fact, 60 years pass where they. . .","He also can't get up and leave.","He - yeah. Well, 'cause he's paralyzed by this idea of who this woman is even though he never actually talks to her. But - so I had the idea to write this fake missed connection and just post it anonymously on Craigslist."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The man never talks to the woman he likes for 60 years.","questions":"Which man is paralyzed by the idea of talking to a woman on the train?","answer":"Man."}
{"text":["You know, I give him mixed reviews. I knew Daniel Hahn prior to him becoming chief. I am a former high school teacher. And I worked hand in hand with the police department. And in working with him, I truly, truly believed that he has a good heart and good intentions. But now that he's the chief of police, we have to hold him to the line of accountability and transparency.","Sonia, Stephon's death is the latest of several fatal shootings of black men by police across the country. And some of these killings are not well-known. But they're still happening. What do you feel needs to be done to address this?","You know, I'm of the mind set that our whole policing system needs to be dismantled and abolished. And we need to start over.","And what would that look like?","What that looks like here in Sacramento - what we have done successfully as a BLM organization is we've created community resources, alternatives to police. We have resources in the community that if this were to happen, call these people instead of calling the police.","Some of the protests that have been happening since Stephon was killed have been marches and protests that have filled streets and blocked traffic. Some protests blocked basketball fans from entering a sports arena. How far should the protests go?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Advocating for alternative community resources instead of calling the police","questions":"Which organization has successfully created community resources as an alternative to calling the police?","answer":"BLM"}
{"text":["Two different things.","There's gun violence and then there's hate crimes. And they intersect, but they're not the same.","And as we heard from the congressman - or the former congressman - we are already seeing reactions questioning the president, what his administration has done to combat white nationalism, if anything, if he's done anything to fuel it. The Democratic presidential candidates, others including Mayor Pete Buttigieg, Senator Amy Klobuchar, have accused the president of using hateful rhetoric. And it does come at a time where there is a rise in racial tension and white nationalist violence in this country. FBI Director Christopher Wray was on Capitol Hill less than two weeks ago in which he said they had made at least a hundred domestic terror arrests since just October. The majority of them were related to white supremacist violence. So it is coming at a time where both gun laws are an intractable debate in this country and racial tensions are at a - I don't want to say an all-time high but are certainly elevated at this very moment.","And so how does that affect the political calculus in Washington at this particular time?We are seeing Democrats obviously trying to get the nomination for the Democratic presidency and also of course Republicans running into 2020."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Fueling it means that he made the idea gain more followers.","questions":"What does \"fueling\" mean?","answer":"incite"}
{"text":["You know, it'd be nice if we could all hold hands and hug each other and sing \"Kumbaya\" and it be like that. But fact is, whether we like it or not, our country and virtually every other country in the world has become heavily dependent on satellites. So it's natural that you're going to see warfighting move up into that domain.","We've got to stay ahead of that. Now, hopefully, if we're smart and effective at this, it will have a chilling effect on anybody wanting to try and go there because that's one of the things that we have found keeps war at bay, is when you're the biggest, baddest cat on the block. Nobody wants to bother with you. We are not maintaining that status when it comes to space like we are terrestrially.","Congressman Mike Rogers of Alabama, thank you so much for joining us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Being the dominant power in space can deter others from challenging us in that domain.","questions":"How can being the dominant power in space affect others?","answer":"Deter"}
{"text":["Lawrence Bartley was 17 when he was convicted of second-degree murder. He spent the next 27 years in New York state prison until he was granted parole last year. Now he's on the staff of the news organization The Marshall Project. He has created a criminal-justice-focused print publication to distribute in prisons around the country. It's called News Inside. Lawrence Bartley, welcome to ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","Thank you for having me.","Before we dive into the publication, I want to ask about your own story. A year ago, you were in Sing Sing. Now you are in New York City working for a national media organization. What's that been like for you?","It's absolutely mind-blowing, you know?Learning the hustle and bustle of the city and the train system and the technology has been a challenge at first. But I gave my mind towards conquering it, and I was able to do it, you know?And it feels good to be able to find my way around the city in the subway system. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Adjusting to life outside of prison has been a challenge, but he has successfully adapted.","questions":"Which challenge has he successfully adapted to?","answer":"Technology"}
{"text":["Well, that's the thing. Three areas we've looked at - covering about 55 square miles of the jungle - target one, target two and target three. And the first one was target one, and we found these all these archeological features. They covered hundreds of acres, maybe even thousands of acres, and this is gigantic. And then they moved on to target two, and they marked that, and then they moved on to target three. And target three showed even more striking features.","And we've - an archaeologist has been looking at them and a guy named Chris Fisher, who is an archaeologist at the Colorado State University, who's an expert on LIDAR, and he tells us that there is a city in T3 that is comparable in area to the city of Copan. It's absolutely enormous. The track is two square - five square kilometers.","And if these valleys are so remote, how did these civilizations develop in this unforgiving area?","Well, that's the thing. We're only now starting to realize that this so-called virgin or impenetrable jungle in prehistoric times was anything but. It was very heavily settled. There were many thousands of people living in these areas, and it wasn't virgin jungle. It was more like a tended garden. They cleared huge areas for farming. They terraced. They built irrigation canals. They built roads. They built enormous pyramids and structures."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The prehistoric people cleared huge areas for farming, terraced, built irrigation canals, roads, pyramids and structures.","questions":"How did prehistoric people modify the jungle?","answer":"Modifications"}
{"text":["You know, thousands of people around the world are facing these situations now. I mean, these people who left lots of countries to go overseas and connect with ISIS or fight for ISIS or marry people involved with these extremist organizations, they're coming back. Do you have advice for your officials in other parts of the country, or perhaps even the world, about how we should start thinking about this as a society?","Well, I think first and foremost that it has to be a focus area, and, A and B, that it has to be very well-funded. We can't think of this as an issue of the day, and then a 24-hour news cycle passes, and it's not the topic that's hot in the media attention at the moment. Every time that we stop or we don't continue to move forward when a catastrophic event occurs, then we're going to be in a situation where asking the same questions - what are we doing?Why aren't we doing more?What should be done?","That's Kevin Lowry. He is the former chief probation officer for the U. S.  District Court in Minnesota. Mr.  Lowry, thank you so very much for talking to us.","You're welcome. And thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The issue of people joining ISIS should be a continuous and well-funded focus, not just a temporary concern when a catastrophic event occurs.","questions":"How should the issue of people joining ISIS be treated?","answer":"Focus"}
{"text":["Do you have any concern, Mr.  Levin, that if some of these alternatives you're talking about are used more frequently that you might have a situation where - and I'll be apocryphal here - a white college kid with access to means and a good lawyer can get a very light sentence and a kid from the inner city that lacks both will still have the book thrown at him.","Well, you know, that is an interesting question because this decision by the attorney general was one based on discretion. The public has as very low opinion of elected officials and so it's certainly the case is if you don't think much of Congress, you wouldn't want Congress' judgment to be substituted for your own if you're on the jury, especially given that it's the jury that has access to the specific facts of the case.","And certainly, though, as you mentioned, race should absolutely not be considered and we need to make sure every offender has quality representation for those who have appointed counsel. Ideally, they could have some say in choosing their own counsel with some type of voucher or something so we can make sure they get vigorous representation in court, that evidence that may exonerate them is presented.","Marc Levin is director of the Texas Public Policy Foundation Center for Effective Justice speaking with us from Austin. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The white college kid may be able to get away with a lighter sentence due to their access to resources and legal representation, while a kid from the inner city will not have the same opportunity.","questions":"What might a white college kid have that a kid from the inner city lacks in terms of legal representation?","answer":"lawyer"}
{"text":[". . . Quote, \"a slap in the face\" and then said, it was like him spitting on me. Must hurt to hear those words from your mother, even thirdhand.","Not necessarily. I mean, my mom is a very strong-willed person. And it's something to where I disagree with her very wholeheartedly and very politely. And even if it does hurt, I know that that's not a reaction that is deserved. So I try not to take it too much to heart.","Yeah. You don't doubt her love, but you do question her judgment.","Yeah, absolutely. That's a great way to put it. And I think a lot of people that are in a similar situation as mine can question a parent's, you know, love or care for their child to deny them a medical procedure. And some people can even compare vaccines to something like a seat belt. How would you love a child and deny them the safety of a seat belt?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a slap in the face in this context means someone did something shocking to someone else that they didn't like","questions":"What did PersonB say about PersonA's doubt towards their mother's judgment?","answer":"Question"}
{"text":["If you dig into this latest employment report, the unemployment rate for those with a college degree is roughly half of the national average. But a new report by the nonprofit Center for College Affordability and Productivity says that roughly half of those college graduates who have jobs are now working jobs that don't require a college degree. People with Ph. D. s. are driving taxis and waiting on tables. They are earning much less than expected, and certainly bargained for when they began to rack up college debts. Dr.  Richard Vedder co-authored the study. He's also a distinguished professor of economics at Ohio University and joins us from member station WOUB in Athens, Ohio. Dr.  Vedder, thanks so much for being with us.","Glad to be with you, Scott.","Help us understand what this means.","Well, it means there's a lot of people that are going to college, I suspect most of them with expectations that upon graduation they will make a pretty good living and live sort of an upper middle-class American life. But instead, a lot of them are getting jobs upon graduation working as bartenders, taxi drivers - a million of them are retail sales clerks, 115,000 of them are janitors. They're getting jobs that I'm fairly certain are less than what they're expected when they began the college experience."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of sarcasm or irony suggests that they hold a different opinion or belief than what they are expressing explicitly.","questions":"What is the PersonA's tone in turn 3?","answer":"Sarcasm"}
{"text":["Yes, that's right. The president showed up a little late this morning and left the summit before it was over. And before leaving, he made a statement to reporters that sounded a lot like one of his rallies in America's heartland. He said America is the piggy bank that everybody is robbing and vowed that that was going to end.","And if that message were not enough to rile the other leaders, he also said that he thought the G-7 ought to re-admit Vladimir Putin's Russia, saying he thought it would be, quote, \"a real asset. \"","Well, Ron, remind us why Russia was kicked out, or, I guess, technically suspended, anyway. It wasn't just for soiling the carpet.","Russia was suspended in 2014 over its annexation of Crimea, which was one of a series of Russian aggressions against its neighbor Ukraine. That was a clear violation of international law. So the other seven countries gave Russia the boot and imposed a number of other sanctions. Then, early last year, Russia said it wasn't even interested in being in the G-8 anymore anyway."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president's statements caused tension among other leaders","questions":"How did the president's statements affect the G-7 summit?","answer":"Tension"}
{"text":["You know, everybody is talking about it. I mean, there's a - one idea is to raze Sandy Hook Elementary School because it's just unthinkable that people would send - parents would send their children in or - and particularly children who were ushered out of that school have nothing but horrific associations with it. You know, that - they can never go back to that school. Why not raze it and turn it into a playground where children can play happily and safely and you can honor those - what happened there on December 14th. That's one idea.","There will certainly be a monument. There are a lot scholarship funds that are going to be raised. We're - it's still early to know exactly what we want to do as a town. And that's really what Newtown United and all these other groups that are meeting are ultimately going to try to do. They're going to try to figure out what we as a community - and as I said and wrote in my piece in the Journal, it is a very strong community. We have to think about it holistically, about what it is we want to be, how we want to memorialize what happened here and those children.","And you know, frankly, there's nothing more that we can do than change our society in some way, whether it's through legislation or just through the act of showing our love for these children and change the laws that might have actually led - allowed Adam Lanza to walk into an elementary school with a battlefield weapon.","Rob Cox, thanks very much for your time today and our condolences."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"raze Sandy Hook Elementary School\" - this phrase means to completely demolish and destroy the school building. The actual meaning is figurative as it suggests the idea of erasing the painful memory associated with the school and creating a new space for happy and safe experiences for children.","questions":"What is the proposed solution for Sandy Hook Elementary School?","answer":"playground"}
{"text":["I'm not so sure that it was missed, per se. I think it's been there at the forefront of the news for a really long time. I just don't think that we saw the potential that it would impact the election in the way that it did, insofar as it's tied up in these other economic and social struggles that are occurring within the same communities.","And to be clear again, you're not saying that people that have a problem with opioids or drug or alcohol voted for Donald Trump so much as people who live in those communities that have been affected by it statistically in your study voted for Donald Trump.","Well, that's right. And I can't say necessarily who voted for Donald Trump, but we have to remember that addiction and depression and these diseases and deaths of despair go far beyond the individuals themselves who are affected by them. They affect friends and family members and coworkers and first responders and service providers and employers in communities who are dealing with the struggles of these and experience the same sort of frustration and anxiety that are associated or wrapped up within diseases and deaths of despair.","You conclude your study by - I believe the quote is community level well-being played an important role in this election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : sking for clarification on the idea that people with opioid or drug problems voted for Donald Trump, which is not the same as the actual meaning of the statement which is that people living in communities affected by diseases and deaths of despair voted for Donald Trump.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of the statement made by PersonA in turn 0?","answer":"Front"}
{"text":["But you also said let me reassure you, I've seen the quality of that work. In other words, these plans are viable, credible, ready to go?","Yes, I have. I did say that. Part of my job in the Pentagon was the oversight - civilian oversight of military planning, and one of the things that we've, you know, we're charged with is to prepare options for the president no matter the contingency. And certainly, there are very viable plans with regard to contingencies involving Iran. But again, the judgment is at this point that's not where the focus should be.","And as you know, Israel has - well, has plans of its own - contingencies. And I know a large part of your speech was devoted to the idea that they should hold off and reassuring them the United States would take action if necessary and that Israeli action would be counterproductive. More counterproductive than an American strike?","Well, my point to them was we have a shared objective here - preventing Iran from getting nuclear weapons and that, you know, any military action really only buys time. It's a delaying action for one to three years. It sets the program back, but it doesn't solve the fundamental problem of Iran's pursuit of a nuclear weapons capability. To do that, you'll need a continued international campaign with sanctions, with negotiations to eventually change their calculus."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Part of my job in the Pentagon was the oversight - civilian oversight of military planning\" - The actual meaning here is not about the meaning of the words used but rather about the speaker's role in the Pentagon.","questions":"What was the PersonA's job in the Pentagon?","answer":"Oversight"}
{"text":["Well, how did they react to you as a person?I mean, you're a glamorous Los Angelina, and so what did they think when you showed up?","I think that it's interesting, because I was in a program called Cross-cultural Solutions, where they send volunteers to different areas. I was the first African-American that had been at this school. So I think they were confused. I mean, and these people in the town, they were just like are you from Ghana?Or are you Yabo(ph)?Yabo is a foreigner, and most likely, more than usually, a white foreigner. But I had a couple of people call me Yabo.","But they would sort of ask like where are you from, and one of the program's administrators would have to explain, she's an ancestor of Africans, and then they would say, oh, okay. So it was definitely some confusing sort of looks that I got.","But the kids were - you know, kids are very, you know, easy to sort of get along with. These kids were, you know, absolutely adorable. They didn't understand what I was saying a lot of the time, but they really connected to me. I mean, I would bring bubbles and jumping ropes and stuff like that, stuff that they had never seen before. So, you know, I was quite popular at the school, I have to say. I mean, particularly with my bubbles, that brought even the junior-high-school kids out\u2026","Oh, I'm sure."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person being referred to is from Los Angeles and is considered glamorous.","questions":"How was the person from Los Angeles described?","answer":"Glamorous"}
{"text":["Absolutely. I think some Republicans have. The administration has missed a political opportunity to expand their base. They're speaking to a very small portion of the Republican base, and it's a big missed opportunity for them.","You engaged with President Obama and the Democrats on this issue. Explain how you did that.","I was asked by the State Department to travel to India and Germany and meet with mayors in those countries to talk about what the U. S.  is doing and, in the case of India, to encourage those local mayors to influence President Modi of India to actually come to Paris and sign the agreement. That was up in the air for a long period of time.","You know, what the mayors in India told me, for instance, was that the U. S. 's leadership means a lot. It helps them get to where they want to be, and that's probably my greatest fear with this change, is that some of these countries won't come along. And so my message to those mayors I spoke with in India today would be - simply because the federal government isn't going to make progress, our mayors are going to continue to make progress. We're going to keep our word. We're going to honor the commitments made and continue to improve the air quality and reduce our carbon emissions in each of our cities."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"keep our word\" - this is a figurative expression meaning to fulfill a promise or commitment, rather than literally retaining the ability to speak.","questions":"How did PersonA express their commitment to reducing carbon emissions in their city?","answer":"Progress"}
{"text":["It would basically just restore a tax on stock compensation income in our city. And this is a tax that actually existed prior to 2012, when we started granting tax breaks to grow the tech sector in our city. And the revenue would be used to address the growing inequality crisis in our city, to expand affordable housing for working-class and middle-class residents, to support and stabilize our small businesses here in the city that are struggling and haven't benefited from the same tax breaks.","And just to be clear, you've written this proposal so that this tax would apply to IPOs that have already recently happened, like Lyft and Pinterest. And we should note that your proposal still needs to be passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, and then it would go directly to the voters on the ballot in November.","Exactly. I mean, it's still - there's still going to be a lot of public process and debate about this.","OK.  Now, one of your colleagues on the board of supervisors told the San Francisco Chronicle that it's, quote, \"arrogant\" to think that tech companies won't leave the city if they are taxed more aggressively. Are you worried about that risk, that your tax proposal might drive some tech companies out of San Francisco?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"proposal still needs to be passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors\" - Literal meaning: the proposal requires approval from the Board of Supervisors. Actual meaning: the proposal is still in the process of being reviewed and discussed by the relevant authorities.","questions":"How would you describe the proposal's current status?","answer":"Review"}
{"text":["What I'm going to do next time or in the next few months is I'm going to get storm shutters put in my house. We have no plans on moving, though.","With the electricity restored, the whole family is moving back in today.","And how's baby William doing?","He's doing wonderful. He's eating and sleeping like a champ (laughter). And his big sister is loving her new role, so we're very happy."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is taking measures to protect their home from potential storms in the future","questions":"Which natural disaster is the speaker preparing for?","answer":"Storm"}
{"text":["This seems to be something that President Trump does a lot. He doubles down on controversial comments.","And digs in. When someone tells him he's wrong, he especially digs in.","Yeah. Let's turn to trade now. There are reports that this administration is close to a new round of tariffs on Chinese goods, while they are still opening a new round of talks with Beijing. So what is going on?How should we read this?","Well, there might be something of a disconnect between the president and others in his administration. Others in his administration want to resolve what has been an escalating and ongoing trade dispute with China. What's being discussed here are $200 billion in tariffs on Chinese products. It isn't official yet, but according to many reports, it is coming. The question is whether these tariffs are a means to an end, the idea that you would be tightening the screws on China to get them to change their behavior and that then these tariffs would be dropped, or whether it's an end in itself."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Digs in\" is not literal. It is a metaphor implying that he, like soldiers in a trench, will not back easily away from his position.","questions":"What is the metaphorical meaning of \"digs in\"?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":["When you lament where the company is, do you feel there are steps that can be taken to bring it back to the loftier values that, you know, you first believed were true?","Yeah, I think there are steps, but I don't think they're kind of what Uber should do. I think they're what regulators and lawmakers and sort of society should do. I mean, sort of a very easy step would be to, you know, re-examine this independent contractor status of their drivers and see if there's some way to have them be employees or gain some equity in the company. That would be one way.","So basically you're saying, as we're about to hoo and ha over the massive figure of possibly a hundred billion dollars in worth - regulators, pay attention and protect the drivers and the little people in the game?","Yeah. And I think actually, you know, Uber going public may prompt that - which we are seeing strikes. We are seeing protests from drivers. And we're in this moment where lawmakers, presidential candidates, regulators are paying more attention to this industry and its effects on the world. So I don't think Uber's IPO is going to be the end of the story for its drivers and for its culture. I think it's, you know, maybe the beginning of a new, more restrictive, you know, oversight over the company."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The public offering will not be the end of scrutiny and oversight over Uber","questions":"What will the Uber IPO not mark the end of?","answer":"Scrutiny"}
{"text":["All right.","OK, but anyway, we're all working at the same - working so hard and so long on trying to get something done because we're - people like me are doing this because they love the country, and they're worried about it. We've got a lot of us around, and we're trying to find our place in this thing, and it looks like the White House and the Republicans do have a way to get information in.","It's very hard for changes to be made and agreements. I don't know how they're doing that. It's a very strange kind of organization. But. . .","Well, let me ask you, how much did the election change things?There's the same cast of characters, pretty much.","Well, I - people that aren't there negotiating, and I'm not there, but people that aren't are speculating on all kinds of things, in terms of the president is playing with more power, he acts like a tyrant because he won the election. I don't really see that at this point, that there is any big change because of the election.","Well, the president, if he campaigned on one thing, it was raise taxes on the wealthy."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : when someone acts like a tyrant it means they are very demanding","questions":"Which word describes how the president campaigned?","answer":"Raise"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. There's a big bank on trial, but this one's not on Wall Street. The Arab Bank based in Jordan is being tried in New York federal court. They've been accused of funneling tens of millions of dollars to the families of suicide bombers and terrorists who are affiliated with Hamas. The trial will determine whether the bank should be liable for attacks that killed Americans between 2001 and 2004. Jessica Silver-Greenberg is a business reporter for The New York Times and has been covering the story. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me.","Tell us please about the plaintiffs - in this case, survivors and families of people who were harmed in terrorist attacks?","So the plaintiffs in the case - there are almost 300 plaintiffs. And they represent those who were killed, injured or had a family member killed in 24 Hamas attacks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a particular tone or inflection may suggest a certain attitude or emotion, such as sarcasm, excitement, anger, or sadness, which can provide additional context or subtext to the words being spoken.","questions":"What emotion or attitude might the PersonA's tone or inflection convey in their words?","answer":"Excitement"}
{"text":["Yeah.","You once said to (laughter) a contestant - I wonder if you even remember it. I'm going to do my bad Paul Hollywood imitation now. (Imitating accent) Your ganache lacks shine. So. . .","Yes, I do remember that.","Every now and then in the family, if we want to gently or comically upbraid each other, we go, (imitating accent) your ganache lacks shine.","(Laughter) Yeah, I mean - it was something. It was a few years ago, that. And it was to do with, obviously, with the outer coating on the cake. And the ganache is basically just chocolate cream. Normally, when you're dealing in a plain chocolate, so you can do 50-50. So 50 percent cream, 50 percent chocolate and just leave it to melt - and then pour it all over a cake. It sets, and you get a beautiful shine. You've got to be careful when you're setting it, and that's where it came from."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"B: Every now and then in the family, if we want to gently or comically upbraid each other, we go, (imitating accent) your ganache lacks shine.\" This turn implies that B and their family use the phrase \"your ganache lacks shine\" in a playful, teasing manner to gently criticize each other, rather than actually referring to the shine of the ganache itself.","questions":"How does PersonB use the phrase \"your ganache lacks shine\" in their family?","answer":"Playful"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, you know, I've been all over places talking about this because clearly as a scientist who understands the peer review literature and the president of the AMS, who recently released a 2012 climate change statement, I know that climate change is an issue and there are things that we need to be concerned about with human-caused climate change and the natural climate change.","But on tornados, the peer review literature is just not very mature on this right now. It's much more mature on the link between climate change and drought or heat waves or even the intensity of rainfall, and even more so as well on hurricanes in terms of the intensity of hurricanes, perhaps, increasing in the future. And if I were to cascade along that spectrum, scientific literature relating individual tornadic occurrence in climate change is very immature at this point","I think we have to be careful on that jump, although I know there's a tendency to do it. There is great deal of research ongoing right now at places like Purdue University or even by one of our doctoral students, Victo Gensini, here at the University of Georgia, looking at climate change and the type of environment that might emerge that could support, you know, tornadic storms, wind shear profiles that Jeff Trapp and others at Purdue have been doing this work as well. So that's sort of where we are, and I think we just have to be very careful on sort of causality for individual tornadic storms.","And that's where we have to leave it. Thank you for joining us today, Dr.  Shepherd."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : We have to be careful on how we link tornadic activity and other weather instances together.","questions":"Which weather phenomena is the peer review literature more mature on?","answer":"Hurricanes"}
{"text":["I think, in the very early days, it was computer nerds - I mean, you know, technologists - people who were really interested in the technology. And now it's, I think, more just ordinary people who hear about bitcoin, obviously do some reading - have some understanding of how the technology works but, I think, see more of either profit opportunity or just like the idea of it. I think there's a significant political strain behind the appeal of bitcoin - people who don't like the Federal Reserve, don't like big banks, don't like conventional financial institutions.","Don't like taxes?","Don't like taxes - exactly - kind of libertarian-minded people.","Well, what do you think it's going to do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) has an actual meaning that is different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning is simply stating that some people who are attracted to bitcoin have a libertarian mindset and don't like taxes, the implied meaning is that there is a political ideology driving the appeal of bitcoin beyond just profit opportunities or curiosity about the technology.","questions":"How does turn 2 reveal the underlying motivation of some people interested in Bitcoin?","answer":"ideology"}
{"text":["And yet despite all this, is Sisi still a popular figure?","Yeah, he is a popular figure. The military is seen as the most trusted institution in Egypt. He comes from that institution. He was elected in an election that maybe wasn't really fair, but it wasn't rigged in a wide scale manner. He was voted in with more than 95 percent of the votes here. But it's an election that took place in an atmosphere of fear, where you're basically with us or against us. And if you're against us, the idea of against us lands you in jail.","What are the challenges that he faces?","The biggest challenge he' got is the economy - the foundering economy. Egypt is in debt and needs to dig itself out of that hole. And there are constant power cuts going on right now in the soaring summer heat. And the way he's doing that is lifting the subsidies, which take a huge part of the budget. But that will also possibly lead to protests against him, possibly, because that means people are going to be paying higher gas prices, which have already been lifted, and higher food prices."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The implied meaning of this turn is that Sisi is popular only because he is part of the military and he was elected in a possibly unfair election, with many people voting out of fear.","questions":"Which institution is seen as the most trusted in Egypt?","answer":"Military"}
{"text":["It's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you for having me.","Is the ACLU a fig leaf for Nazis?","No, sir. We are the premier defenders of freedom of speech and racial justice and the rights of all people in the U. S.  For almost a hundred years, our mission has been to defend the rights of everyone, even people we hate. And ultimately, this is about making sure the government never has the authority or the ability to censor speech because it finds it loathsome or disgusting. There are ways for government to regulate speech. It's got to be neutral. There are time, place, manner restrictions that are perfectly appropriate and legitimate. And yet, it can never be because we don't like what folks say.","What about when the marchers are armed, though?Doesn't that make a difference to public safety?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The prevalence of sexual harassment allegations could lead to substantial change in the composition of Congress and the Senate over the next two election cycles.","questions":"What is the ACLU's mission?","answer":"Defend"}
{"text":["Well, you're right. In the temporary workforce, for example, which is only something between 2 and 3 million of the employment, so that's a smaller portion, but temporary worker employment's down about 20 percent. When you look at total employment, it's down about 2 percent. So one of the things that temporary workers or contract workers or self-employed workers offer employers is flexibility.","So when there's a slowdown, when there is less project work, when there's less money available for financing, new projects, mergers and acquisitions, those kinds of things, the flexible workers generally take a harder hit than usual, and there's plenty of evidence to support that. You know, one measure of unemployment, which is called U-6, which would - includes people that are underemployed or are working temporary or part time because they can't find other work, that's up to like 13. 5 percent.","And we see that the average hourly - the average work week, at 33. 3 hours, is at a historic low. So, you're right, there's no question the flexible workers are taking it harder.","We haven't talked about pay, and in the few moments that we have left, let's talk about that. In terms of the temporary workforce, is the pay on par with those who are working permanently?Is it below?Is it, in some cases, higher?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Harder hit\" doesn't refer to a literal, physical hit, it just means they suffer the consequences more than they usually do.","questions":"How does \"harder hit\" differ from its literal meaning?","answer":"Metaphorical"}
{"text":["And in talking to Smith, he's really thought a lot about what - why we have such a strong reaction to looking at embryos, and he's found this firsthand. I mean, and he gets emails all the time and sort of unpacks these questions, like, you know, is it - when you look at these pictures, does it strike you as more human or less human than you would have imagined, he asks. This is what he asked audience when he shows them. What is your experience with seeing these pictures in the past?You know, he said imagine 300 or 400 years ago, would - how would people imagine what an embryo is?This is a technologically. . .","Yeah. Yeah.",". . .  mediated experience.","And not only that, he's taken the technology faster - further, as you show. He's done MRIs, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There are no turns in this coversation.whose therir literal meanings.All of the return are being used in straight for word and literal meanings.","questions":"How does Smith unpack questions about embryos?","answer":"Unpacks"}
{"text":["Well, Shadow, my producer, who up until then had been noted for producing the Shangri-las, he didn't really try to get me too so much as he gave me a choice. He said if you will change black as night, because the opening line is face is clean and shining black as night. He said if you change that word black to anything - anything else I can guarantee you a number one record. And he said, but it's your choice. And a friend of ours was standing there and he said, quote, unquote, \"you whore now, you'll whore forever,\" and that's a pretty strong words. I was 15 at that time. That was pretty strong. But from my point of view, hey, I was getting to make a record. How cool is that, you know?","Yeah.","When it was a hit or not was secondary.","Let me ask you, is that a scar, or is it just a lesson learned from then that carries with you today?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They want to know if that is something that still affects them today or is it a lesson learned.","questions":"How does PersonB inquire about the impact of the past experience on PersonA's present life?","answer":"Affects"}
{"text":["Thanks for being with us, Scott. The president, of course, was in Paris this week. He was president Macron's guest for Bastille Day. There'd been some attention in this country which would affix President Macron as somehow a different figure than President Trump. The two of them seemed to get on very well. There seemed genuine rapport.","That's right. I think if this improves relations, it certainly improved body language when it comes to President Trump in Europe. You know, there were so many images at the G-20 of Trump just looking isolated, big policy announcements put out by every country except the United States. So I think Macron sensed an opening here. He saw that Trump needs a friend, an ally, a wingman - whatever you want to call it - in Europe.","And Trump has a long track record of responding when people show him respect and welcome him. There's certainly nothing more welcoming than a big parade being put on, so this seemed to work. They seemed to get along. The question is, does this get Trump to shift on any of the key policy differences?Starting with climate change, where they could not be any further apart.","There was a phrase in the press conference where he said, well, maybe there will be something with the Paris accords, right?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : And Trump has a long track record of responding when people show him respect and welcome him. There's certainly nothing more welcoming than a big parade being put on, so this seemed to work.\" Implicated meaning: Trump tends to respond positively when he is shown respect and hospitality, and hosting a grand parade was a way to create a welcoming environment that appealed to him.","questions":"Which event created a welcoming environment that appealed to Trump?","answer":"Parade"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah. yeah.","So. . .","You know, you had - your career - I mean, you've done a lot of things - you've been a model; you've been a teacher, as we said - but getting your record career going was a little bumpy.","Very bumpy. And I was a musician first. I did all the other stuff to try to fund my music career, and yeah, it took a long time. It took about seven years to get my deal off the ground for a variety of reasons. The music industry is in flux. I mean, we'd have deals on the table; they'd fall through. And in that time, we just kind of kept moving forward, which you have to do. So. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Even though they faced many obstacles in their music career, they persevered and continued to move forward.","questions":"Which word describes the challenges faced by the person in their music career?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["That will not happen. The Senate will not seat Roland Burris tomorrow, barring some major change of heart on the part of the Senate Democratic leaders. They feel that, as they had said back in December, that anyone appointed by Rod Blagojevich, who was, of course, accused of holding a kind of auction for this Senate seat to the highest bidder, anyone appointed by that governor would not be acceptable to them.","And they haven't changed their minds even though they have said repeatedly they have no objection to Roland Burris in particular to take that job. So one assumes that they will stand by that tomorrow and that Burris's appointment, that is to say his seating, will be delayed probably for a matter of several weeks.","Very briefly, Ron, the latest in the impeachment proceedings against Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich, where do they stand?","State House committee on impeachment today reviewing a 54-page document reviewing all the accusations against Rod Blagojevich. We expect them to vote on impeachment this week, probably Friday."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Senate Democratic leaders will not approve Roland Burris as a senator because he was appointed by Rod Blagojevich, who was accused of selling the Senate seat to the highest bidder.","questions":"Which Senate seat was accused of being sold to the highest bidder?","answer":"Senate"}
{"text":["I haven't talked to him in years.","(Laughter).","Well, you know, Ron Paul - you know, he's got some oddness in his closet. But, you know, compared to Hillary Clinton or Jeb Bush, Rand Paul has, like, the greatest situation in terms of family members lingering around the campaign in a lot of ways. You know, his foreign policy is distinct from his father's. Many of his economic policies are distinct. He needs to expound on what is his governing philosophy and why does restraint in foreign policy also mean restraint in domestic affairs?And why are those both good things?","As you survey the political landscape on issues like privacy or foreign policy, do you see traces of libertarian success?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"talked to him in years\" - This means that the speaker has not had any communication with the person in question for a long time, but the literal meaning suggests a lack of verbal communication specifically.","questions":"Which type of communication is suggested to be lacking in turn 0?","answer":"Verbal"}
{"text":["But today, the Reverend Al Sharpton, members of Bell's family, and other community leaders are taking these protests one step further. They'll march and stage pray-ins throughout New York City. One of the sites is House of the Lord Church in downtown Brooklyn, led by the Reverend Herb Daughtry. We talked to the reverend yesterday about his plans for the protest.","What we're supposed to do is assemble at various sites around the city and then march to the action site. That is the place where we will submit ourselves, some of us, to an arrest. Hopefully, in so doing, we will tie up the city so that there will be - there would be no movement, no motion. And everybody in the city and indeed across the nation will get the message that we will not stand for policemen, the people we pay to protect us, to kill us.","Reverend, when you talk about blocking things off and shutting things down, does that mean that you will literally block the streets?","Obviously, I don't want to be too specific, but we have assembling points. Points where we tell people to assemble. Here in Brooklyn, it's at our church, the House of the Lord Church. Now, once people have assembled, then we will go to the designated sites of action, where the civil disobedience will take place.","Sean Bell was a young man. Have you been able to reach out to people who are in their 20s or even in their teens to try to get them to join on to this protest?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"taking these protests one step further\" - This phrase means that the protestors are escalating their actions beyond just protesting.","questions":"How are the protesters escalating their actions?","answer":"Escalating"}
{"text":["Sure.","We are always so grateful when you come on this show. I got to tell you - we got a lot of noes from Republicans who didn't want to come on this show and talk about gun policy, except, you know, maybe they'll go on Fox News. If the Republicans are proud of their record on guns, why not be interviewed about it?","Well, I can't speak for all of my colleagues on this. I mean, we obviously have a very serious violence problem in the country and particularly a firearm violence issue. And that - you know, we must address it. That said, we also have to respect the rights of people who own. . .","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implies that Republicans are avoiding talking about gun policy and are only willing to talk about it on Fox News, suggesting that they are being disingenuous in their approach.","questions":"How are Republicans approaching discussions about gun policy?","answer":"avoiding"}
{"text":["So wait, you're saying to invest in fat?","Well, exactly. Or to invest in companies that prevent that fat. So that's one potential demographic change. The amount of chocolate consumed worldwide is greater every year, particularly, you know, as you have a lower class in China that's moving towards the middle class.","The problems with clean water in these urban areas is getting larger and larger every year. For instance, right now, just about 50 percent of all hospital beds worldwide are filled with people suffering from clean-water-related diseases or unclean-water-related diseases. So making investments based on these trends and the others I discuss in the book could be enormously profitable in the long run.","Does the fact that this economy, which seems to just take hit after hit after hit, and it seems to be heading straight into a recession if not worst, does that at all change the advice that you give?And presumably, you wrote this book before all the really bad news hit."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning is that A is suggesting investing in companies related to the growing middle class in China.","questions":"How does PersonA suggest investing based on the growing middle class in China?","answer":"Companies"}
{"text":["Many people start off working either in tasting rooms or they work in a restaurant, maybe as a server. And then they want to know more about wines so they become a sommelier. Or they take classes for wine education. Or they become distributors for wine. Or they work for distributors for wine for different parts of the country.","We had a gentleman who went to Argentina and bought a vineyard and is starting to grow grapes and do it from the farming standpoint. Several of the members of our panel were growers, and so simply farmers, like growing tomatoes or growing roses in your garden, you learn how to cultivate vineyards.","Steve, thanks so much for your time.","Thank you for having us on your program."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Working with wine doesn't necessarily require formal education.","questions":"What is one way people become involved in the wine industry without having formal education?","answer":"Servers."}
{"text":["I learned it from you, actually. yeah.","So if you're listening - donate blood, donate plasma, and you can save someone's life by being a live liver donor.","And as is written in both - I'm sorry (laughter) - oh, as it's written in both the Quran and the Talmud, he who saves one life. . .","It's as if you save humankind. So Shawn and his family have saved my daughter's life. My life belongs to them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The father is extremely grateful to the donor and the donor's family.","questions":"What is the reason for the father's gratitude towards Shawn and his family?","answer":"Saving"}
{"text":["I was shocked by that on a number of levels. You know, the first thing that shocked people about the call, obviously, is the notion of the president withholding military aid and trying to bully the Ukrainians into doing personal favors. This is, obviously, a big deal. But in the middle of all that, what struck me and, as I say, even shocked me was his willingness to disparage our ambassador to Ukraine in a call with a foreign leader, referring to her as the woman and saying she was bad news and then vaguely but, frankly, ominously saying to the president of Ukraine that she was going to go through some things.","Let's give her name. It's Marie Yovanovitch. Tell us about her. What's her reputation in the diplomatic community?","So Marie Yovanovitch - and she goes by Masha. Masha was one of the most respected and longstanding members of our foreign service. She has, I think, been in the foreign service for over 30 years, served all around the world and most recently and in the most senior positions, obviously, as ambassador to Ukraine, until she was removed prematurely in May, but before that, also ambassador to Armenia and ambassador to Kyrgyzstan.","The State Department has said that the ambassador concluded her three-year diplomatic assignment in Kyiv as planned, that there was no kind of retribution or she was not yanked back unceremoniously. Why are there doubts on that in the diplomatic community?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : She was not quickly recalled to her country without any warning.","questions":"How was the ambassador recalled from her diplomatic assignment in Kyiv?","answer":"planned"}
{"text":[". . . Was impelled by government programs that said to people, every American should be in a home.","It was certainly promoted by low-interest rates. And that's the Federal Reserve's domain. So you can see there's a huge left-right alliance potential here, and it really is unstoppable. And in the past, it's succeeded.","You say despite being identified as a liberal, when you run for president, you've gotten actually more - you say, more votes from Republicans than Democrats.","Yeah, when I had this write-in effort in New Hampshire in 1992, yeah, I came in about 51 percent of my votes were Republican, 49 Democrats. And the explanation's really quite simple. I don't campaign in generalities. What I do is I go down where people live and work and say, look, you're a Republican. You don't like federal regulation. Right, I don't like federal regulation. You have a car?Yeah. Well, if the auto company discovers a serious dangerous defect in your car after you bought it and the auto company doesn't recall it, would you favor the government requiring General Motors or Ford or VW to recall it?Most of them say yes."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In turn (1), when the speaker says, \"Was impelled by government programs that said to people, every American should be in a home,\" the literal meaning is that government programs encouraged homeownership. However, the implied meaning is that these programs were promoting homeownership to an extent that was beyond what was sustainable or responsible, which ultimately led to a housing bubble and the 2008 financial crisis. The turn implies that the government's encouragement of homeownership was misguided and had negative consequences, which is a departure from the literal meaning of the words used in the turn.","questions":"Which alliance potential is mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Left-right"}
{"text":["Now, let's talk a little bit about what has changed for you. During that Hayday, what was a typical day in your life like?And then now, as things are much more shaky, what's a typical day in your life like?","I think, in the HayDay, we saw - there was this healthy balance between supply of houses and the demands for houses on our market. And what I did typically see is working with a lot of first-time homebuyers during that period, people getting really great rate in the 4 percent (unintelligible).","And then, you know, in our marketplace, you know, Cleveland's generally really affordable place to buy a home and a good place for people to obtain - homeownership is attainable for a lot of people because here of prices of our homes in our area. You know, today, we see those same people losing their homes, and it's just a few short years later - and I think we can attributed to the products that they were put in; the loan products and the kind of irresponsibility of both the consumer and the mortgage banks. And\u2026","So sorry to interrupt you. When you say loan product, you're talking about some of these subprime loans?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In the given context, the literal meaning of turn (4) is that B is simply asking A to clarify what they mean by \"loan product,\" specifically asking if they are referring to subprime loans. However, the implied meaning of turn (4) is that B may be trying to redirect the conversation away from the topic of subprime loans, which have been associated with the housing market crash, and potentially avoid blame or responsibility for their role in the crisis. This can be inferred from the fact that B interrupts A while they are discussing the role of loan products and the irresponsibility of consumers and mortgage banks.","questions":"Which topic does PersonB interrupt PersonA from discussing in turn (2)?","answer":"Subprime"}
{"text":["Hi.","So, where were you when the typhoon hit?","I was on the island of Baho, and Baho was affected yesterday about 2 P. M. The problem for Baho is that it had already been basically destroyed, parts of it, by a massive earthquake just three weeks ago. So, there are certain areas of Baho that were particularly vulnerable to the extreme weather that we had yesterday.","I know you're still struggling to assess things but what can you tell us about what conditions look like now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning is to ask for an update on the current condition of Baho after the typhoon.","questions":"Which island was affected by the typhoon and had already been destroyed by an earthquake three weeks ago?","answer":"Baho"}
{"text":["You know, this is a very opaque system in Iran. And it's tough to sometimes know to what extent an action was sanctioned from the very top. And in some ways, President Trump gave Iran an out by saying that this was just a big mistake. This was a misunderstanding.","Could have been a junior officer somewhere or something like that.","Exactly.","Could it have been a junior officer somewhere?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Iran has a system of government that does not tell anyone what is going on.","questions":"Which country's system of government is opaque?","answer":"Iran"}
{"text":["I suspect that more than a wee dram has been ingested in Scotland, particularly over the past few months, between people grousing about being under the thumb of London and the U. K. In the end, did a lot of Scots decide they kind of like the English?","I really don't think this is a kind of loving of Britain. I think that we had a double negative affect here rather than a positive embrace of what's British. It was more to do with a fear of how we might mess up if we go it alone, I think. There is just something within the Scottish psyche, I think. It's fairly confrontational, the psychology of the Scots. We tend to not wholeheartedly embrace something and say, you know, oh God, we love being British or we love you or, you know, we'll say, ah, you're not bad. You know, that's a very Scottish expression. I think that's what we've done with England and the rest of the U. K.  You know what; it's not that bad rather than suddenly discovering our Britishness.","Ewan Morrison, author and screenwriter, author of \"Tales From The Mall,\" joining us from Glasgow, Scotland - still the U. K. Thanks very much for being with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Thank you for having me.\" - The actual meaning is figurative, as the speaker is not physically being \"had\" or possessed by the host, but rather expressing gratitude for the opportunity to participate in the conversation.","questions":"Which word expresses gratitude in turn 3?","answer":"Thank"}
{"text":["In a word, Ari - schadenfreude. I think at this moment, whether you look at politics or society in general, there is a lot of concern about fraud, about misrepresentation, people not being who they say they are, not to mention a lot of resentment of wealth and privilege and all the trappings that come with it. And the way this story has unfolded, the fact that these families really seem to believe that the rules should not apply to them - that's been galling to many people.","And then look at the setting, right?So elite colleges are the source of such cultural fascination. Some would say obsession. Highly selective colleges - you know, they only enroll about 1 percent of all college students. So they're very, very small. But then again, they have these brands that are known all over the world. And they're supposed to stand for merit, for hard work, for the best and the brightest.","And so when you look at something like this or, even bigger, the legacy admissions or the fact that some wealthy donors can write a check and get their kid into college that way supposedly, it - all of this is really going to undermine the idea of having institutions in our society that represent hard work and being kind of excellent.","So where do these cases go from here?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Implied meaning: These cases may lead to a general mistrust of institutions that are supposed to represent hard work and excellence","questions":"Which institutions may face mistrust due to the cases discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Institutions"}
{"text":["The militant group ISIS, the Islamic State, has lost much of the territory it held when it was, as reporter Azadeh Moaveni says, running a kind of killing spree in Iraq and Syria. But many of the young women and girls that left their homes to join ISIS view the group differently.","The story I wanted to tell is how it unfolded in the lives of so many young women as kind of, in a very perverse way, an empowerment project.","Moaveni's new book is called \"Guest House For Young Widows: The Women Of ISIS. \"It follows some of the girls who left their families in Tunisia, Germany and England to join the caliphate. We begin with the story of the Bethnal Green teenagers.","These were a group of young high school students. They were 15. They went to school in a very urban, dense neighborhood of London. They were straight-A students. They were popular in school. These were not girls who you would think would be really susceptible, but a lot of them also had absent fathers."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Unfolded meaning that things are revealed to what they really are, in this case the lives of young women involved in ISIS. ","questions":"How did the story of ISIS unfold for young women?","answer":"Empowerment"}
{"text":["Their main achievement was that they submitted documents to the United Nations, formally joining the Paris climate agreement. And on the occasion President Obama said that some day we may see this as the moment that we finally decided to save our planet. President Xi Jinping, meanwhile, called on other countries to follow their example. Now, a lot more countries still have to formally join this agreement for it to take effect. But the U. S.  and China submitted their documents ahead of schedule, and this just means that the commitments that these countries made in Paris can be put into action that much sooner.","This is the first time China has hosted this summit. Does it have a goal in mind as to why it's doing it?","Well, first of all, you know, by hosting this for the first time, to many Chinese it really marks the first time that they've had an equal seat at the rulemaking table since World War II. They feel that they're now the world's second-largest economy, and they want a say that's commensurate with that status. So far, a lot of the rules have been made by the Group of Seven or Group of Eight industrialized nations. China has not been a part of that, and they want a more equitable system represented by the G-20 that does a better job of taking into account the needs of developing nations like itself.","Do we know what's on the agenda?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: What topics will be discussed at the summit?","questions":"How can turn 3 be summarized in one word?","answer":"Agenda"}
{"text":["What's a fuel hedge?Explain that.","A fuel hedge is basically a financial contract that you buy in the commodity market where you essentially pre-buying fuel. So Southwest CEO, Gary Kelly, back in 2003, as the U. S.  was preparing to go to war in Iraq, just decided that the war in the Middle East wasn't probably good for oil prices, and he went out and bought a lot of oil ahead of time. Pre-bought it, and that has paid off in billions of dollars of profits for the airline.","And this continues from 2003?Do they continue to buy fuel ahead?Because the price of oil over the last year, I mean, it keeps going up and up. At some point you would think they would say we're not going to buy anymore.","You know it's fascinating because a lot of people thought Southwest hedges would fade out. They did make that big bet when prices were in the 30's, but they kept buying and they have continued to buy. They have most of their oil bought for this year at about 57 dollars a barrel. If you don't have hedges, you're right now paying about 120 something dollars a barrel. And they've bought fuel all the way out to 2012 as of today."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Southwest has bought fuel all the way out to 2012 as of today","questions":"What is the furthest year Southwest has bought fuel for?","answer":"2012"}
{"text":["I think, at this point, the way to sanitize everything and start to rebuild confidence - and it's going to be difficult - is just for everybody to open up and say, look, here is where we are. Here are the assets that are still on our books. None of that stuff tends to panic people. There's a lot of bad news there, but people are smart enough to realize that, if they're not being told something, it's probably because the news is bad. And I think, once you just get it all out there, it would help quite a bit.","Henry, always great to talk to you.","You, too. Thank you so much for having me.","Henry Blodget is the CEO of the financial news site clusterstock. com."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being honest about the current situation can help restore confidence","questions":"How can being transparent help restore confidence?","answer":"Trust"}
{"text":["Like what, as you see it?","Well, there are a few things. First of all, ABC did try to get the case dismissed in the early going and the judge declined to do that. They tried to remove the case to federal court, which is a pretty well accepted strategy. But they couldn't remove it to federal court. So they were going to end up trying the case, really, in the plaintiff's backyard. So I think that those were risks combined with the fact that there's obviously a great deal of sort of free floating anti-media sentiment out there these days, which is hard to quantify. And the amount that was being requested by the plaintiff was, you know, billions, literally, billions of dollars.","Does a large settlement like this just embolden other people to sue media companies?","Well, I think that after we see a large verdict or a large settlement, we do tend to see an uptick. Many plaintiffs and their lawyers think that maybe media entities are easy get-rich-quick targets. I think that's a mistake."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : asking if there is a general perception that media companies are easy targets for lawsuits.","questions":"How does a large settlement like this affect the number of lawsuits against media companies?","answer":"Uptick"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, that is the thing in this country. I mean, I know America quite well. And I think we have to reverse the absolute mirror image of the broadcasting and newspaper. When the debate was around about the beginning of this year about fake news, there was a lot of discussion about how, in this country, people are kind of used to fake news because - not that the newspapers are fictional, but they do take a slant on some stories. But the television media here, in particular, and the radio has been regulated to be unbiased and impartial since broadcasting began in the 1930s.","Some here in America would view this as an agency of thought police. Is there pushback against Ofcom in the United Kingdom?","There have been periods of incredibly busy activity from Ofcom. Recently, they have been turning quite a few complaints across to us and other broadcasters. That is not a reflection of Ofcom. That's a reflection of people who write to Ofcom. They're only making decisions if viewers complain. But it's not a form of thought police. It's a form of being objective. I think viewers in this country expect the television and radio broadcasting to be unbiased, accurate and impartial. And so that is enshrined in law. It's an expectation. And when they feel that the standards of broadcasting have dropped below that, they complain to Ofcom, and then Ofcom investigates us.","Ben De Pear is the editor of Channel 4 News. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"form of thought police\" - the literal meaning of this phrase would be a physical agency that enforces particular thoughts, but the actual meaning is a regulatory body that ensures impartiality in broadcasting.","questions":"What is the actual meaning of the phrase \"form of thought police\" in the dialogue?","answer":"impartiality"}
{"text":["Winston Churchill, we always have to quote him once in a while, right?He said that jaw-jaw was better than war-war. And no matter how awful the war of words may get, it's only serious, really, if it leads to real war. And if North Korea is truly a nuclear power now, any thought of a military solution is somewhere between horrific and unthinkable.","And the Mueller investigation's widening?","We do see more evidence that the Mueller investigation thinks it has some kind of goods on Paul Manafort, former campaign chairman for Donald Trump. He also seems to think he can use whatever he has on Manafort to pry loose more stuff on other campaign figures. Is this going to reach the president himself?At this point, that does not seem to be indicated. But this probe is going to continue and get a lot more uncomfortable for the president before it's over.","NPR's Ron Elving. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Jaw-jaw is better than war-war meaning diplomacy is preferable to military conflict.","questions":"How did Winston Churchill suggest resolving conflicts?","answer":"Diplomacy"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. But you see what I mean?Because it is about perception and how we need to be - to understand what we're seeing before we can really see it, that's really key to understanding this whole issue of climate change and why we see or don't see what's right in front of us.","What drew you to monarchs in the first place?","I had really wanted to write about the subject for a long time. I live in southern Appalachia. I am surrounded by neighbors and friends - people I respect very much - who don't really understand climate change or believe in it, even though, as farmers, they're getting socked by it. We've had unprecedented, disastrous weather time and again. So it's such a strange contradiction that the people in our continent who are first to feel the harm of a changing climate are the last to be able to talk about it.","That was such a conundrum and such rich territory for a novel to tread, that I was just looking for the right way to get into the subject. And one morning, I just woke up with this vision in my eyes of millions of butterflies covering the forest behind my house. I just - I mean, I didn't actually see it. I imagined it. I woke up and there it was, and I knew that was it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Farmers who are most affected by climate change are the least likely to believe in it","questions":"How are the farmers affected by climate change?","answer":"Socked"}
{"text":["Yes.",". . . He did in a helicopter crash in 2005. A lot of people loved John Garang, a lot of people didn't. Do you have to worry about that when you design currency?","Absolutely. And in my visit there, he was universally respected, if not loved. He was really the only national hero they could agree to. So he actually appears on all denominations of the money. So he's the only really unifying hero of South Sudan.","What about other symbols that you have to include?","So there's the flag. The flag is a carryover from the People's Liberation Army, so that was an easy symbol. So it's a six color flag that people really used during the second civil war, and it's a natural rallying point. So that's their symbol. And when you're a new nation, you're defining your sort of, like, territory. So this, like, updating of signs was really a big deal, so they made banners and they made these sort of, like, 10 signs to say South Sudan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone and word choice suggest that they may be withholding information or expressing something indirectly, potentially due to fear of judgement or repercussions.","questions":"How does the PersonA's tone and word choice in turn 1 make them appear?","answer":"Indirectly"}
{"text":["Yeah. I think a big local newspaper, you know, was kind of like the big local sports team. There's always been hostility toward the big, local paper but I think there was a certain amount of pride in it. And this is our paper. We are a big-time city. I think the Herald spoke more for the community and reflected the community better than any other institution down here could. And now there is no institution to replace that, unless, you know, you talk about sports team or something like that. And I think that's true of many, many cities now.","We talk so much about newspapers. Is journalism going to survive?Has that become DIY?Is this an opportunity for novelists to step in?","You know, novelists have been trying to step in for hundreds of years. And I think the same forces that are sort of working against newspapers probably are also working, to some extent, against books. I just, I don't know. It just feels like everything happens so fast now and everybody, you know, goes on to the next subject so quickly now. Books seem a little archaic, except as entertainment and, you know, as an escape from policy and that sort of thing.","Dave Barry. His new novel, \"Insane City. \"Speaking with us, of course, from Miami. Dave, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the speaker questions the future of traditional journalism and whether there is an opportunity for novelists to fill the gap.","questions":"How does the speaker in turn (2) feel about the relevance of books in today's fast-paced world?","answer":"Archaic"}
{"text":["At some point, it does cross your mind and you do worry about contracting the illness, but there are only fleeting moments. We have to concentrate on the patients here to provide them with appropriate medical care, but also to make sure our outreach program of finding cases, of following up of contacts is performed in a comprehensive manner so that we can bring this outbreak to a close.","I don't want to the leave the conversation with you without asking what can the world do as far as you're concerned?","We need an organization that can provide some leadership across multiple countries in the region of West Africa. To date, we have not seen that occurring. And if we don't find the cases in the community, and we don't do the contact tracing, this outbreak will linger on for months and months. Solving outbreaks is not rocket science. It just requires those features I have described previously. But unfortunately, they're not being applied in an appropriate manner at the moment to reach the world.","Dr.  Gabriel Fitzpatrick of Doctors Without Borders - Medecins Sans Frontieres. Thanks very much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2).  In this turn, B says \"I don't want to leave the conversation with you without asking what can the world do as far as you're concerned?\" which literally means that B wants to know what the world can do to help. However, the implied meaning here is that B is acknowledging the gravity of the situation and the need for collective action to address the Ebola outbreak. This turn is an example of rhetorical questioning, where the speaker asks a question for effect rather than to elicit a direct answer.","questions":"Which turn is an example of rhetorical questioning?","answer":"3"}
{"text":["Well, the state of the free world is at stake as always in college football, as you know. I really feel that the one thing about college football that people do gravitate toward - I'm not a huge college football fan myself - but I feel like what it does to people who really care about it is that it really is a winner-take-all type of thing. You kind of have to win every single game. You lose one game and your national title hopes are dashed. So, when you have a big matchup early and you're just getting started, this is a big game. Well, I think it's a bigger game for Michigan and for Alabama, naturally, because Alabama is defending national championship. They'll be there at the end. But if you're Michigan, this is a good chance early on to show what you've got.","I guess things don't look so great for my Boise State Broncos, right?This is a rebuilding year in Boise.","Exactly. And I was thinking that last night when they lost. I said, oh, well, goodness, Boise State lost one game therefore their entire future has been destroyed, and for - at least there's next year, right?","At least there's next year. Howard Bryant, senior writer at ESPN. com and ESPN the Magazine. Howard, thanks so much. Have a good U. S.  Open."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In this turn, the speaker is using sarcasm to imply that the reaction to Boise State losing one game is exaggerated and that there is always a chance for redemption in the future. The literal meaning of \"therefore their entire future has been destroyed\" is not true, but the speaker is using hyperbole to make a point. The actual meaning is that losing one game is not the end of the world, and there is always the possibility of improvement in the future.","questions":"What is the tone of the PersonA's statement in turn 2?","answer":"Sarcastic"}
{"text":["Not me but we collectively.","We. And then in one place, Philadelphia, I believe, they say yeah mean, which is different.","I thought he played basketball. The Chinese guy, Yao Ming.","Oh, he's - yeah, yeah, yeah.","So it's - I've fallen in love with the phrase. I've fallen in love with the culture, with the people. And just trying to, you know, spread laughter and learn at the same time."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A: \"Spread laughter and learn at the same time\" is an idiomatic expression that means \"to entertain and educate at the same time.\" The literal meaning of \"spread laughter\" would be to physically spread laughter, which is not possible, and the literal meaning of \"learn at the same time\" would be to learn simultaneously with the act of spreading laughter, which may not be practical.","questions":"How would you describe the meaning of \"spread laughter and learn at the same time\"?","answer":"Entertain"}
{"text":["No, I think he's wrong about that. I think Assad is one of the main reasons for the growth of ISIS. And that's the message I would have for the Russians now. You know, if they think somehow that backing Assad without any prospect for political transition will succeed, I think they're wrong.","But is there anything in Bashar al-Assad's profile that would suggest if he's able to hold onto power long enough to be part of a solution that then he just, you know, hops a plane for France and says you guys take care of it from now on?","No, nothing at all, and that's precisely my point. You can achieve limited political objectives with support for the opposition and limited military force. But the ultimate political objective of regime change takes a lot more than we have been prepared to do.","One last question. What would the messy solution you're talking about ideally look like in, say, six months?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker says \"You can achieve limited political objectives with support for the opposition and limited military force. But the ultimate political objective of regime change takes a lot more than we have been prepared to do.\" The literal meaning of this turn is that achieving limited political objectives requires some support for the opposition and limited military force, while achieving the ultimate political objective of regime change requires more effort than what has been done so far.","questions":"Which objective requires more effort than what has been done so far?","answer":"Regime"}
{"text":["The United Nations World Food Programme has to cut back on the food that it gives out to some of the most imperiled people in the world. In Ethiopia, for example, it's had to lower the daily calorie intake for hundreds of thousands of refugees that it feeds in the camps there. Now, this is partly due to funding shortfalls, but there is also a growing need for food aid as the globe's conflicts continue. Peter Smerdon joins us now from Nairobi. He's the spokesperson for the World Food Programme in East Africa. Mr.  Smerdon, thanks for being with us.","My pleasure.","What kind of hard decisions do to the folks in your program have to make?","Basically, when we haven't got enough money, we have to decide who's not going to get food. And most of the people we serve are dependent on the United Nations World Food Programme for their food needs - in many cases, 100 percent because either they fled countries in conflict, and they have absolutely no money, no jobs and no assets left or because they're refugees, and they are confined to camps. They are not allowed to work. And they have no money, either."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The World Food Programme has to decide who is not going to get food due to the lack of resources, and those who are most in need often have to go without.","questions":"How does lack of resources affect the distribution of food by the World Food Programme?","answer":"Distribution"}
{"text":["And let's not forget that that's the heritage that Marissa Mayer comes from; understanding how to make search at Google ever more personal, ever more relevant. If she can do the same thing with news and make it more relevant to you, so that it's not a one-size-fits-all product anymore, that could be a big advance in the form.","So, let's say in a year or two the president of the United States has what - I don't know if it's a tradition - but often he will have lunch with the major network actors. Does Katie Couric have lunch at that same table?","Well, there's two questions there. One, is whether that is the judgment of importance in news. I think that we have to get out of the access game. But I still understand your question, which is will Yahoo be a presence in news as much as the other networks?It might take a while, but there's no reason it couldn't be. You know, there's a great, great blog called SCOTUSblog that covers the Supreme Court like no one else and they are struggling right now to get a credential to the Supreme Court. They do great coverage, highly specialized. And we've got to get past this idea that only big, old institutions are journalistic institutions. We have to work collaboratively with all kinds of new players.","Jeff Jarvis, media analyst and professor of journalism joining us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The implied meaning of (4) is that Jeff Jarvis is not only a media analyst and professor of journalism, but also a commentator on the current news and media situation.","questions":"Which profession is Jeff Jarvis associated with, other than being a media analyst and professor of journalism?","answer":"commentator"}
{"text":["So the parents as well as one coach have agreed to plead guilty in connection with this scheme. And according to one of the plea agreements at least, they may serve a few months in jail as well as paying fines and restitution. And Felicity Huffman, the actress, as you heard, is one of the more high-profile people accused. But others, including Lori Loughlin, another actress from the TV show \"Full House,\" is among those originally accused who is continuing to fight the charges.","What are we hearing from the parents?","Well, two of those who plead - pled guilty today issued very contrite statements. Huffman's statement reportedly said, I am in full acceptance of my guilt - deep regret and shame. And she also reiterated that her daughter had no idea.","This story has gotten so much attention, and it seems to have really resonated with students and parents. Why do you think it has had such a big impact?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Felicity Huffman has accepted her guilt in the scheme.","questions":"What did Huffman reportedly say in her statement?","answer":"Guilt"}
{"text":["And, of course, this gourmet chef has, as his confidant, food critic, and food taster, his cat named Apollo. So as you can expect, everything goes wrong that day. The question is, can everything be put right?","And we'll leave it with that because, I mean, there's such a lovely surprise at the end that we should let people get to on their own. So Steinbeck - did he write a lot of short stories as well?","He wrote a good number of short stories, but this is one of the few that has some very fine, comic elements to it. When I was reading it, I was thinking to myself, is this John Steinbeck?I mean, nobody's dead; nobody's crying. There was some crying in this story, but a lot of it just was very funny. And he just manages to take a very simple theme and, with great turns of phrase, fantastic prose, turn it into something that - when I read it, I said to myself, this is a little gem. And I was just so, so excited to be reading this.","Yeah, I feel like it was - if someone suggested the topic, no other writer could have made it just shine and come to life in this really cool way."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : be put right means that something should be made correct, or something should be corrected","questions":"What is the name of the confidant of the gourmet chef mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Apollo"}
{"text":["That's right. And the U. S.  scientists had been very disappointed in the '58 Brussels fair because they felt the Russians had outshone us in terms of science. And they said we need to do something. And the Seattle guys came along and said, we want to do a fair. You want a science fair. That's what this will be about. The Space Needle was designed to be a symbol of the kind of uplift that science and technology represented to the world.","When they broke ground on the Space Needle, it was literally the same time that the Berlin Wall was being built. And it became this kind of symbol about the difference between us and the Soviets. They were putting up barbwire. We were putting up a vista to the world.","Talking with Knute Berger on SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow here at - in Seattle at the Pacific Science Center right next to the Space Needle. If it were to be built today, would anything be built differently about it, structurally or design-wise or is it almost a perfect needle?","You know, I asked the engineer who's still alive who worked on it. I asked him that exact question. I said what would you today?And he said, basically, we wouldn't anything different. He said we could take some of the weight out of it. They overbuilt it. He. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He wants to know if the tower is perfect as is or should it be changed. ","questions":"Which question did Knute Berger ask on SCIENCE FRIDAY about the Space Needle's design if it were to be built today?","answer":"Structurally"}
{"text":["It's a delight to be back with you, Scott.","Now, is this just another drip in the FIFA scandal or does this suggest that the Justice Department is any closer to sorting all of this out?","Well, the noose is tightening. Similar scenes in Brazil have gone on in Germany. It's kind of like the end of the \"Godfather\" movies where the dominoes are all falling, one by one. Sepp Blatter, the farcical little man who's run FIFA for the past couple of decades - FIFA, the nonprofit of a billion-and-a-half cash reserve. It's a wonderful - they're my favorite kind of nonprofit.","It's the kind of nonprofit NPR should be, but go ahead, yes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 3) Implied meaning: The situation is getting worse for FIFA, with similar events happening in both Brazil and Germany. Sepp Blatter, the long-time leader of the organization, is running out of time as the evidence against him is mounting. Despite all the money they have, they are still a non-profit organization","questions":"Which non-profit organization is being talked about in the dialogue?","answer":"FIFA"}
{"text":["Revkin told me about a man named Khaled. He worked at a slaughterhouse that ISIS took control of, leaving him with a choice - stay at the job and work for ISIS or leave and face retaliation.","Khaled, like many residents of Mosul, decided that cooperation was the only way to survive. So he continued working in the slaughterhouse. He claimed that he was never trained. He never received combat training or used a weapon or participated in any military operations on behalf of the group. But nonetheless, three years later, when Iraqi security forces, supported by the international coalition, recaptured Mosul, he was 1 of more than 90,000 people who have been detained on suspicion of association with the group. And he was arrested solely on the basis of testimony from a secret informant who had apparently witnessed him pledging allegiance, even though Khaled insisted that this pledge was involuntary and coerced.","So, you know, during the trial, I saw him explain that his work consisted only of feeding and caring for animals at the slaughterhouse. But nonetheless, he was sentenced to 15 years in prison after a trial that lasted less than 30 minutes. And the judges actually told him that he was lucky to receive such a lenient sentence because the crime for which he was convicted, which was membership in a terrorist group, generally brings capital punishment.","A lot of post-ISIS life is figuring out who was or who was not involved in ISIS and bringing the appropriate perpetrators to justice. This is done mostly through courts?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Khaled was put in a difficult situation by ISIS and had to choose between working for them or risking retaliation.","questions":"What was Khaled's dilemma when ISIS took control of the slaughterhouse he worked at?","answer":"Dilemma"}
{"text":["That President Obama looked at what a no-fly zone could do and realized it would not do enough. He needed to authorize that aircraft could strike ground targets as well.","Yeah. I mean, I think, you know, almost all of these things, once you start, there is significant pressure for it to escalate. So when, you know, another example, when Bill Clinton starts NATO air strikes in Serbia, in the Kosovo War in 1999 to protect Kosovar Albanians who were being massacred by Serbian nationalists, then the Clinton administration starts out doing air strikes and then comes under lots and lots of pressure to say air strikes aren't enough, air strikes are not really saving civilian populations on the ground. You need to do more.","So I think, you know, I think when the Obama administration looks at this, then there's a debate about - on the one hand, you could say - and it's not that the Obama administration is considering troops on the ground because they're definitely not. But if you're arming the rebels in Syria, does that create more pressure for you to support them or does it mean that the rebels can stand on their own two feet, which means less pressure on the Obama administration to get involved?","Well, you're talking about the law of unintended consequences. If you're supporting them and recognize them and they start to lose, what do you do then?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Military interventions often escalate beyond their original scope.","questions":"Which word best describes the potential consequences of military interventions?","answer":"Escalation"}
{"text":["I think the purpose of the announcement today was, at least to some extent, about the huffing and puffing that Ilan Goldenberg mentioned in the prior commentary. But it's also, I think, a reaction to some sense that there was an appearance that the policy had begun to soften a bit because of the president's decision not to retaliate and some of his seemingly conciliatory rhetoric over the weekend.","Right. So after a year or so of what the Trump administration describes as a maximum pressure campaign on Iran, how do you increase the pressure from maximum, I guess, is the question.","Well, and that's the dilemma that the administration is beginning to face - that once you've sanctioned all of the major industries and sectors of the Iranian economy, there's very little that you can do that's not already redundant or just largely incremental. It also, I think, highlights the fact that the Iranian economy - what's left of it - has become more insular and less interconnected, which means whatever economic activity continues in Iran today is going to be more resilient to U. S.  penalties.","Now, the White House says this is all a means of getting Iran to the negotiating table. Do you think these steps are likely to do that, likely to have that effect?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the huffing and puffing\" and \"soften a bit\" are figurative expressions whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.","questions":"What were the two figurative expressions used in turn 0?","answer":"Huffing,Puffing"}
{"text":["And both the Republican, Mark Harris, and the Democrat, Dan McCready, have weighed in on these allegations. What have they said?","So McCready went first. He said on Thursday that Harris has bankrolled criminal activity. That's a reference to a Bladen County political operative who pushed people to vote absentee by mail and then allegedly illegally harvested their ballots.","Now wait. When you say harvested, that means, you know, picking them up, opening them and discarding the ones you don't want?","Well, not necessarily. It definitely means that he picked them up from voters, which is illegal in North Carolina. You know, in this state, once you - it's your mail ballot, and you're responsible for getting it to the mailbox or to the Board of Elections. So this operative kind of went and collected them. We don't know exactly what he did with them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Even though the narrator already explained the word it is still needs a repeat as harvested means already gathered from the field.   ","questions":"How does the narrator clarify the meaning of \"harvested\"?","answer":"Picking"}
{"text":["I made up my own mind. I figured that at some point it would turn into a mandatory evacuation and I wanted to get ahead of the traffic.","You know, to have gone through this once is bad enough. To be going through it a second time, I can't even imagine what that must have been like. As you were getting closer to having to make the decision to get up and get out, what went through your mind?","I immediately remembered what it was like three years ago, and I think that I was in sort of disbelief. I couldn't believe that I was going through it again. And I - the first thing I thought of was OK, what do I need to take with me that I want to see again?Because I immediately thought of what happened during Katrina and how, you know, it just caught us all off guard, and I just wanted to be prepared.","What did you take?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : I learned from my past experience and prepared accordingly.","questions":"Which experience did PersonA learn from?","answer":"Katrina"}
{"text":["Yeah. It's interesting. In Japan, it's the same prime minister that was in place six years ago, but the political environment, I think, has shifted in some dramatic ways. And so I think one of the interesting aspects of the Japanese situation is that the LDP has returned to power. The Liberal Democratic Party has returned to power. But now they have a party that is to the right of them.","And so we talk about those two states. And, of course, the other major player, the biggest in the region, China, where Xi Jinping took command just last month, formally.","That's right. I think we're still waiting to see how China's foreign policy priorities are really going to develop under Xi. The process seems to be moving slowly, and it's not necessarily terribly transparent at this point. We know there are new top leaders in the room, but it's just not clear exactly how they're making decisions or whether they're going to change much in terms of China's overall priorities.","And transparency's a problem in Beijing. It's positively - well, murky is too easy a word for what's going on in Pyongyang."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : To the right means politically right wing, not that they are actually sitting on the right ","questions":"What does \"to the right\" mean in turn 0?","answer":"Political"}
{"text":["Is this a book about how someone becomes a terrorist?","In part. I talk about this as a sort of - as a Genesis moment for the book. But I remember distinctly I was watching this interview with a foreign affairs expert. And it was in the wake of the - there had been these sort of protests in an Afghan village against the U. S.  military presence in Afghanistan.","And the interviewer's question was something along the lines of, why do they hate us so much?And as part of his answer, this expert noted that sometimes the U. S.  forces have to go conduct these nighttime raids in these villages. And when they do this, they'll sometimes have to hold the women and children up at gunpoint. And they'll tear the places apart. And then he added, you know, in Afghan culture, this sort of thing is considered very offensive.","And I thought, you know, name me one culture on earth that wouldn't consider this sort of thing offensive?And so part of the book is - has to do with this idea that we all suffer the same way, and we become damaged by suffering in the same way regardless of which part of the world we grew up in or what we believe."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning: The speaker mentions that they discuss this as a significant starting point or origin for the book. The implied meaning: The speaker suggests that this event plays a crucial role in shaping the themes or direction of the book.","questions":"What does the expert note about the nighttime raids conducted by the U.S. forces in Afghan villages?","answer":"Raids"}
{"text":["The Confederates. 12,000 troops - give or take - under Confederate Commander Jubal Early.","And he had 12,000 troops?","More or less.","Amassed right over - up the street, basically?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Turn (1) implicates that the Confederate troops were roughly 12,000 in number, whereas the literal meaning is that they were exactly 12,000.","questions":"Which number represents the approximate size of the Confederate troops mentioned by A?","answer":"Approximate"}
{"text":["Seems that this year, more Americans are making their electoral preferences known from the hereafter. Katie Falzone is vice president for operations at Legacy. com. They host obituaries for newspapers and funeral homes. She joins us now from the studios of WBEZ in Chicago, where, of course, deceased Americans can always vote. Thanks very much for being with us, Ms.  Falzone.","Thank you, Scott.","So has this really stepped up this election year.","It definitely has. I recently pulled some numbers from our site and found, you know, over the course of the past few election cycles, we've seen a huge increase. So the first year I looked at was comparing June to June numbers for the 2003-2004. We only had five references to political candidates in obituaries. This year, 119."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"we've seen a huge increase\" - The implied meaning here is that there has been a significant increase in the number of political references in obituaries on the website Legacy.com over the past few election cycles. The literal meaning is simply that there has been an increase.","questions":"What is the subject of the increase mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Increase"}
{"text":["I don't have inside knowledge of what happened in the Ukraine matter, but it's clear to me that Yovanovitch was following the instructions that she was given by the State Department and she may have run afoul of whatever scheme Rudy Giuliani and likely the president were trying to play out in Ukraine.","Diplomacy is not a partisan issue between Democrats and Republicans. It's about serving American national interests. And I'm confident that's what Yovanovitch was trying to do.","The letter you and other foreign service professionals signed seemed to express particular concern about the implications, possible implications for replacing Ambassador Yovanovitch might have for the entire foreign service.","That's right. The letter was signed for two reasons; first, because many of the signatories know Yovanovitch, know her to be a person of impeccable integrity, someone who has served for more than three decades - both Republicans and Democrats - and has always done so with great distinction and received numerous awards and accolades for her work. But there's a larger issue here that goes beyond Yovanovitch."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She might have discovered the illegal activity Rudy Giuliani was conducting.","questions":"How might Yovanovitch have run afoul of Rudy Giuliani's activities in Ukraine?","answer":"Discovered."}
{"text":["Absolutely not. In fact, the people of my state should know we are doing everything in our power to defend them. If it comes to a legal fight with the Trump administration, we're prepared to have it. I've had some experience with taking on the Trump administration litigation. We have yet to lose a case yet, and I don't plan on starting with this issue.","Attorney General Bob Ferguson of Washington state, thanks so much.","Oh, thank you, Scott. Have a great day.","And we contacted the Department of Justice for comment on Mr.  Ferguson's remarks about Attorney General Sessions. We have yet to receive a response."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B: And we contacted the Department of Justice for comment on Mr. Ferguson's remarks about Attorney General Sessions.We have yet to receive a response.","questions":"What agency did PersonB contact for comment on Mr. Ferguson's remarks?","answer":"Department"}
{"text":["You know, let's come back to the Large Hadron Collider because if you talk about things, if you talk about this theme, there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the other one that you know well is the prediction from string theory and similar theories that there are extra dimensions. And one of the ways to look for things like extra dimensions or shadow universes is to look for the leakage of material from our universe into their universe.","And let me use the LHC. One way to look for evidence of extra dimensions would be to carefully look at collisions that take place at the Large Hadron Collider and look for some of the energy to disappear. And what's interesting about that technique is when I put there's - when I say there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the top of my list would be neutrinos, and we now know neutrinos exist. We can't see them with the eye, but we can build detectors to detect them. And the original evidence for the neutrino was missing energy in beta decays that were observed in the early part of the last century and then poly-hypothesize this particle, the neutrino. And eventually, we built detectors that were sensitive enough. So this technique of looking for energy leaking out of our universe going elsewhere is a very powerful technique for looking for things that we can't see.","Michael Turner, a pleasure as always to come have you come on and explain this stuff to us. Thanks a lot, Michael.","Glad to be on."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the literal and actual meanings are the same. The speakers are simply exchanging pleasantries and expressing gratitude for the conversation","questions":"How would you describe the technique for looking for evidence of extra dimensions at the Large Hadron Collider?","answer":"Powerful"}
{"text":["This country, Cameroon, acts as a source, transit and destination. Especially the Kumbo Diocese, as it is economically poor region. It's a source for many traffickers to have children from our region to take them to the cities, to the towns and to the other nations, especially to the Middle East, where they're exploited sexually, physically and mentally.","So they're taken from homes. They're taken from schools. What happens?","Mostly, they're taken from homes or from where they are working. If they are working in somebody's house, they lobby the girl, say that OK, there is a job opportunity in Middle East as a teacher or as a nurse. Then when they go, they go to a center called a kadama (ph). In Arab, it is called a slave. So they go there. They are bought and sold to various places to be exploited.","What do you do, Sister?What can your organization do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : highlighting the deceptive tactics used by traffickers to convince girls that there are job opportunities in the Middle East as teachers or nurses, but in reality, they are being trafficked and subjected to exploitation.","questions":"What is the name of the center where girls are taken and bought by traffickers?","answer":"Kadama"}
{"text":["You've got videos being produces on one. And you've got TI and Grand Hustle and Will Packer and people making movies and trying to bring them here to be shot, in addition to Tyler Perry. I mean, you got music being produced, but also these musicians, you know, taking advantage of each medium, you know, film, TV, writing songs for a commercial.","You know, Toni Braxton, here, in Las Vegas when she gets healthy again. These people are still staying here but doing things across the globe now. And you know, people were upset and concerned LaFace closed in - what was it?2000, now?Now, you look at the charts and I would bet you that ten of the top 25 R&B artists are either from - R&B, people on the R&B charts, are either from Atlanta or produced by an Atlantan.","Same for the rap charts and also pop. I mean, you said that this is a city that has an impact on black music. You know, Atlanta has made black music popular music. These are artists that are on the Hot 100, the biggest songs in the country. So, I am very hopeful.","Dee Dee, same thing."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Atlanta has contributed significantly to the music industry.","questions":"Which city has made black music popular music?","answer":"Atlanta"}
{"text":["You know, we talk a lot about the germs in our bodies and how many there are spread all over the place. But usually they're in our guts that we're talking about it. We haven't talked much about what's going on in our noses. What is happening up there?","That's true, and I think the field of human microbiome research has really, in the last four, five years, really exploded upon the scene and shown us that many niches in the human body are colonized by bacteria, be it our skin, our mucosal surfaces. These are the softer linings that line the nares, the sinuses, the gastrointestinal, the airways and the urogenital tract. And what we're beginning to see is that these linings of the human body are actually home to a diversity of microbes.","And from much of the studies that have come from the gastrointestinal tract, which has been going on a little longer, we've seen certain hallmarks that are associated with health and disease. We know, for example, that when patients have chronic inflammatory disease, one of the characteristics is this loss of diversity. And sinusitis is quite a significant health care issue. And really, to date, much of the microbial studies that have been performed have largely been based on culturing and bacteria, so trying to grow them on agar plates.","Mm-hmm."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Many parts of the human body are colonized by bacteria.","questions":"Which medical condition is associated with loss of diversity in the gastrointestinal tract?","answer":"Sinusitis"}
{"text":["I don't mind stipulating that you were more than an OK doctor.","(Laughter) Well, you know, I agree that I'm an OK doctor. And I feel very blessed to have been involved with some of the most complex surgical procedures in the history of the world.","Does that prepare you to be president of the United States?","Not in and of itself. But I think planning, utilizing a lot of resources and a lot of other people to do complex things - and even things that have never been done before - certainly helps. You know, sitting on corporate boards, learning how business works efficiently, all of these things give you a lot of skill sets. And I think it's a fallacy that only people in elected office can come up with solutions that solve our problems. I just think maybe there's a different paradigm."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is expressing a high level of respect for the doctor's abilities.","questions":"How does PersonB feel about the doctor's abilities?","answer":"Respect"}
{"text":["It is.","Why do you think that will be effective?I mean, if someone's about to say something cruel (laughter), saying think about it - like, I don't know.","I think it's going to be somewhat effective but not very effective. I actually think that's true of all of the work that we're going to do. All of these problems are not solved by any one solution. They are complicated. I've also seen in the actual data that a minority but a significant minority of people do rewrite their comments, and they rewrite them in a much more pleasant way. Now, do most people rewrite their comments?No - because if you have an intent that's really intense to harass an individual, a polite comment from Instagram is not going to prevent you from doing so.","But sometimes people get caught up in the moment, and a lightweight reminder can actually help them rethink what they're doing or what they're saying. And so it's not supposed to be the solution that we hang our hat on for all of bullying. It's supposed to be one of many tools to try to prevent bullying from happening in the first place."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : To \"hang your hat\" is a common metaphor that implies you have something you can rely and depend on, so here the speaker is saying that this solution isn't necessarily going to fix everything but it could definitely help.","questions":"What does the phrase \"hang your hat\" imply in turn 3?","answer":"rely"}
{"text":["They're very abstract. I talked with Heather Heckman, who's at the University of South Carolina Libraries, and they loaned us some of this Vishniac footage. And she was, like, it's almost like avant-garde film because, you know, you look at these oyster larvae pulsating, and you don't know what they are. They're just - but it's really beautiful.","So we talked - so we learn about Vishniac and also sort of figure out how things have changed since the '50s, '60s and '70s, which is when he was doing his work. And we spoke with Wim van Egmond, who's this Dutch photographer who wins all these Nikon Small Worlds contests. I think people who follow this will know his name. But he makes these beautiful, microscopic videos and videos through the microscope and photos, too.","And they're all one-celled creatures?","Not all of them."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"it's almost like avant-garde film\" - this is a figurative expression meaning that the footage is very abstract and unconventional, similar to avant-garde films, rather than a literal comparison to a specific genre of film.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of the phrase \"avant-garde film\" in turn 0?","answer":"Unconventional"}
{"text":["For the second time in as many months, Mozambique is recovering from a deadly cyclone. In March, it was you Idai. This time it's Kenneth. Kenneth was a Category 4 cyclone when it made landfall in the north of the country last week. Devastating winds were followed by days of torrential rain and widespread flooding. The government says at least 38 people have died.","For more, we're joined by Deborah Nguyen with the United Nations World Food Programme. She's in Pemba, near the center of the storm's path. And to begin, can you tell us what the damage looks like on the streets of Pemba right now?","In Pemba itself right now it's completely flooded. It has rained for the past two days, which is making humanitarian aid difficult.","Currently you're involved with the teams who are distributing food. What kind of food are you bringing to people?And how are you able to reach them?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The cyclones in Mozambique have caused a lot of destruction and loss of life.","questions":"Which country has recently been hit by two deadly cyclones?","answer":"Mozambique"}
{"text":["Deb, is there any kind of reassessment about what might be possible?The meeting's unprecedented, the atmosphere's been a real roller coaster, but what else?","You know, there's no expectation this is going to be easy. The Syrian war isn't confined to one country. It's a regional war. Two million Syrians are outside the country. More than half the country is displaced. Powerful extremist Islamists are in the north. Shiite militias from Iran, Lebanon and Iraq are fighting on the side of the regime. Some of the most important players are not even at the table. There's going to be lots of bumps. But I think you have to say that the fact that they are sitting down is a beginning, at least to start for a political process, something we have not seen in three years.","Anything that you're looking for, Deb, that you're going to flag?","Well, I think the idea is to keep everybody at the table this week. The most contentious issue, of course, is going to be negotiating a transitional government. And it's possible that that topic will either not be called that this week to keep everybody sitting down, but they're going to have to get to it at some point, and that's what I'll be watching for. When those discussions start, will everybody stay at the table?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) B: Anything that you're looking for, Deb, that you're going to flag? This turn is a direct question asking if there is anything specific that Deb is going to highlight or draw attention to. There is no implied meaning beyond the literal interpretation, so (3) is not the correct option.","questions":"Which topic will be the most contentious issue in the meeting?","answer":"Transitional"}
{"text":["Absolutely. You would want the most competent, the most compassionate physician that you can find. But those are not necessarily the physicians that they're trying to hire based on the ad that I was looking at.","As you were talking about dual loyalty. . . .","Yeah.",". . . Is there a specific example you can give us to help listeners understand how this plays out in the real world?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : NO NEED OF GIVING ADVERTISEMENT TOTHE GOOD THING,IT SHINE BY ITS OWN","questions":"What shines by its own?","answer":"good"}
{"text":["My mother had a friend I called David in the essay. And he was a funny, charming man. And he always had clients around. He found them out of the state so they would live with him while they were going on auditions. And they seemed to have a lot of shirtless pictures of them around framed. That seemed to be the greatest bit of work that they did - were these shirtless pictures.","And each year, these boys would come and go, and they'd be between the ages of 12 and 16. And there was this feeling that my mother and I would sort of talk around. Is this weird?This is weird, right?No. No, it's David. It can't be weird. And I think there are a lot of people in Los Angeles dealing with that right now of people they have held in their heads where there's a little bit of a galvanic skin-crawly thing, but they also like this person.","Course, your article appeared as Anthony Rapp come forward with his charges against Kevin Spacey. Been a few more Kevin Spacey stories that have also come out since then. Without trying to judge the veracity of each and every story, what's the mix of ambition and vulnerability that makes child actors prey?","The same thing which puts women at risk in the business, which is economics. For children, there is a small window of opportunity in which a career is going to happen. You are not a child indefinitely. That makes people ripe for abuse."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"Is this weird? This is weird, right?\" - The speaker is not really asking if it is weird, but rather acknowledging that it is weird and trying to rationalize it by attributing it to their relationship with David.","questions":"What was the reason for child actors being vulnerable to abuse in the entertainment industry according to speaker A?","answer":"Economics"}
{"text":["And he says the Pakistani government helped conceal Osama bin Laden and set him up. That's not true?","I mean, the truth of the matter is it was hard for us to believe that they didn't know given his location. But in all of the lead up to the raid and in all the materials that we captured when bin Laden was killed, there wasn't a shred of evidence that the Pakistanis knew. So was there a suspicion that they knew where he was?Yes. But we never found any evidence to support that. And in the notion that they set him up is, I think, a fiction.","Robert Gates, the former Secretary of Defense, now president of the Boy Scouts of America, meeting at their annual convention this week in Atlanta. Mr.  Gates's memoir \"Duty\" is out in paperback this week. Mr.  Gates, thanks so much for being with us.","My pleasure, thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  A's turn is an example of an expression whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning of A's words suggests that there was a suspicion that the Pakistani government knew about Osama bin Laden's location, but no evidence was found to support this suspicion. However, the actual meaning is that there was a strong suspicion that the Pakistani government knew about bin Laden's location, but no concrete evidence was found to confirm this suspicion.","questions":"How was the suspicion of the Pakistani government's knowledge of Osama bin Laden's location described by A?","answer":"Strong"}
{"text":["And now to the Midwest, where heavy rainfall has made growing conditions tough for farmers. One crop in particular - corn - has been hit hard. According to the Department of Agriculture, this is the slowest start to the corn-planting season on record. To hear more about this, we've called Matt Boucher. He's a fourth generation farmer from Dwight, Ill. , where he grows corn as well as soybeans, wheat and cover crops. And in fact, we caught him out in the field, where he's trying to plant. Matt, welcome. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thanks for having us. Appreciate it.","Well, walk me through the season. What would normally have happened by now, and what has actually happened now?","Well, we're normally completed now. We're moving on to fertilizing corn and maintaining the weed pressures, you know, keeping the weeds out of the field. But right now it's just not the case. We're still planting and trying to get things in and might have some acres we're just not going to be able to get in, no matter what we do.","And why is that?It's just that the ground's been too wet or what?Why is that?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The corn planting season has been slow due to heavy rainfall.","questions":"Which crop has been hit hard due to the slowest start to the planting season on record?","answer":"Corn"}
{"text":["By the way, this is a health issue, too. This is just not an economic issue - 10,000 to 15,000 more people die of pollution from automobiles today than in car crashes. This is a national security issue. People say this is a single issue. This is all of these issues. And so these are investments that the vast majority are going to come from the private sector and private companies, not from the government. But the government does have a role, as it did when we went to the moon, as it did when we defeated fascism. And we're calling for an appropriate public investment to do that.","Now, you mentioned Republicans. The sad fact is, at the moment, that we're going to have to find a way to get this done without them because right now, we still have not seen the spirit of Teddy Roosevelt. We're seeing the spirit of Mitch McConnell, who will kill any climate change bill in its cradle if he has a chance. And that means we have to get rid of the filibuster. We have to prevent Mitch McConnell from stopping climate change. We have to let majority vote - one person, one vote - be the Democratic rule in the U. S.  Senate. I'm the first candidate to say that. I hope others will follow so that we can get progress in this.","Is that a unifying message, though, in these divisive times?","Yes, it is unifying because everyone - Republicans and Democrats - have an interest in not letting America catch fire. So everyone is going to benefit from this."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The issue of pollution caused by automobiles is a serious problem that needs to be addressed by investing in private sector and government; it is not just an economic issue but a national security issue as well.","questions":"What kind of issue is pollution caused by automobiles according to turn 0?","answer":"health"}
{"text":["They have indeed, but not through Jordan, as far as I know.","And you talked about hedging your bets. Doesn't that risk putting your bets on the wrong side if, indeed, the rebels do topple, which from what you say, the regime believes is only a matter of time. Why don't they put their bets on - with the opposition?","That's a debate that is actually going on inside the country today. As I said, 82 percent of Jordanians are with the uprising, not all of them, however, are with any military intervention against the Syrian regime. This is a very sensitive issue in Arab politics, to be seen as actively working militarily against an Arab regime. Still, as I said, the sentiments of the people in Jordan, not all of them, but the overwhelming majority of them, are with the uprising. And the country, I would expect, the government, will probably have to change its position as developments move. It's a fair question to ask. You know, one day, we'll be able to do so. There are many who have asked the government to take on a sort of a clearer position on the Syrian crisis than it has so far.","How porous is the border?If people wanted to operate across it clandestinely, would they be able to do so?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Hedging bets could result in supporting the losing side.","questions":"How could hedging bets be risky?","answer":"Risky"}
{"text":["Yeah, and you love short stories, too. I love short stories, I appreciate that about you. You seem to be - enjoy writing short stories.","Yeah, they're tough as hell, and, you know, as a sort of a practice, people in the publishing world discourage them. They're like oh, don't do it. But I can't help but root for the underdog. As a form, you know, the short stories and the linked short story collections is an underdog, and people don't think of it as serious. So I don't mind wading in there. It feels like a really good battle.","Do you see yourself sort of at some point - you haven't really played that much with the novel form, but, you know, a lot of different writers are experimenting with the novel form, you know, Zadie Smith just did with her book, new book \"NW. \"Do you see yourself playing with that form?","Well, sure. I mean, again it's probably the arrogance, you know, the narcissistic arrogance of an artist, but I feel that so far I've written one book, one novel, and it's a very strange - at a formulistic level, I think it's - it took a lot of risks. Now will I keep doing that?Hard to say. It's like sort of saying will I continue to be X, Y or Z. You hope so. You hope so, but you never know."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Short stories are an underdog and not taken seriously","questions":"How are short stories viewed by the publishing world?","answer":"Discourage"}
{"text":["Thanks for having me. I'm glad to be here.","What's the mood like in Columbus ahead of tonight's game?","First of all, it's been amazing. We've had great attendance. Our first game was a sell-out. And I think the mood is obviously interested to find out who this next national champion's going to be. Mississippi State has never won a national championship. And obviously, Notre Dame - they are a staple in the Final Four. But it would be just their second national title.","What can we expect tonight between Mississippi State and Notre Dame?What can we see?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is excited about the interest and attendance at the games","questions":"Which emotion does the speaker express regarding the attendance and interest at the games?","answer":"Excitement"}
{"text":["I should remind Americans that, in Britain, the prime minister normally controls the agenda in Parliament. He was blocked yesterday. What was it like to be on the floor for yesterday's vote?","Well, it was exciting. I mean, the chamber the House of Commons - I often take Americans around it. It's very different from Congress or the Senate. It's very confrontational. There are seats facing opposite each other, so you get to shout at each other. But, of course, in this instance, the fight was between people sitting on the same benches. So you kind of shout across at each other. It's also a very small chamber, a very intimate chamber. So in that sense, it adds to the drama.","Well, Prime Minister Johnson said he would expel you rebels from the Conservative Party. Did that happen overnight?Are you no longer a member of the Conservative Party?","Yeah. He's been true to his word. I have lost what we call the whip. So we're not members of the Conservative Parliamentary Party, we're independent MPs, which has been forced on us rather than a choice made by us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Being expelled from the Conservative Party was not their choice","questions":"What happened to their party membership?","answer":"Expelled"}
{"text":["Sam, in this book, you're telling the story of the Assad family, but you're also telling the story of another Syrian family. Tell me about this lost family and their relationship with the Assads.","The relationship goes all the way back to the early '50s when Mustafa Tlass and Hafez al-Assad were in their early 20s. They were cadets at the Homs Military Academy. And they basically rose up together to the pinnacle of power until - you know, Mustafa Tlass was up by Hafez's side all the way through. I mean, he was willing to kill for him by his own admission in his own memoirs. He played a crucial role in the passing of power from Hafez to Bashar.","So you have these two men, Hafez and Mustafa. And then they both have sons. And their sons are Bashar al-Assad and Manaf Tlass. Tell me about the relationship between those two men.","So Hafez al-Assad had four sons and one daughter, and the eldest was Bassel, and he was the one being groomed to take over power from his father, but he died in a car crash. So Bashar was summoned to Damascus to basically fill Bassel's shoes. I mean, initially, members of the family, even Bashar's own sister, felt he was hopeless. You know, Bashar was not equipped to inherit power."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Mustafa Tlass was loyal to Hafez al-Assad and helped him gain power.","questions":"Which family member of Hafez al-Assad was being groomed to take over power before his death?","answer":"Bassel"}
{"text":["So, I think, you know, I didn't expect her to do anything huge after \"Dream Girls. \"I think that's just sort of the name of the game. When you're an African-American actress, you take what you can get. And this is a big film. It's a small role, but it's in a huge movie that will probably do incredibly well. I just thought she was ill-fitted. I didn't think she belonged in it.","Kelly Rowland, you mentioned her name, Destiny's Child.","MS.  SAMUELS: Right.","She basically said she wanted the part."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is expressing their opinion about the actress's ability to get roles in Hollywood as an African-American woman, and how they didn't think she was a good fit for the particular movie. The literal meaning of the words used in the turn may not convey the speaker's actual opinion or intended message.","questions":"How did the speaker feel about the actress's role in the movie?","answer":"Ill-fitted"}
{"text":["Well, yes, they are because the concern here is that if you do it for medical research, what's to stop other scientists to try to do it for other reasons, like, for example, to try to create designer babies that are taller or smarter or better athletes?Now, we're nowhere near being able to do anything like that. But the concern is that this could open the door to someday creating genetic haves and have-nots.","So, Rob, these CRISPR researchers are involved in projects that have tremendous promise to benefit our lives, but also raise very difficult ethical and moral questions.","That's right. That's right. And another example I could give you is I just got back from a trip to London. And there, scientists are using CRISPR to genetically modify mosquitoes that spread a mutant gene to wipe out the mosquitoes that spread the malaria parasite. And the idea there is to try to wipe out this disease that kills hundreds of thousands of people every year, most of them children.","Now, the fear here is that they're using CRISPR to modify these insects with something known as a gene drive. And a gene drive spreads a genetic modification through an entire species really quickly. So something could go wrong. You know, it could wipe out an entire species of mosquito. And that could upset the delicate balance of an ecosystem some way that could maybe unleash some new epidemic or cause the ecosystem to collapse and cause famine."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The potential consequences of genetic engineering could be extreme and far-reaching.","questions":"How could the consequences of genetic engineering be described?","answer":"extreme"}
{"text":["Well, could payments like this then allow the defendants in this case - who obviously are either wealthy or supported by very wealthy people - allow the defendants to buy their way out of criminal punishments of any kind?","I think that's conceivable. But I think, in this case, there would still be punishment. It would - they would probably still be incarcerated, although it's a very opaque process. So it's not very clear. I mean, this is - these are not trials like in the United States where you can go in and watch the court proceedings unfold day after day. These are all very cloaked processes in Saudi Arabia.","Looming behind all of this, of course, is the crown prince, Mohammed bin Salman, who's denied any culpability and, of course, is not on trial in any way. Does blood money offer him a way to wipe this case away without facing any particular accountability?","Well, it - not completely. But it does - you know, the Khashoggi children have been awfully restrained in their public positions about all of this. Right?They have not condemned the kingdom. They've not gone after Mohammed bin Salman. And this is a way to making sure they sort of stay quiet. This is a way for that to happen."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implication is that wealthy people or those with access to wealth may be able to avoid criminal punishment by using blood money.","questions":"What is the possible way for defendants to avoid criminal punishment in Saudi Arabia according to turn 3?","answer":"Blood"}
{"text":["After Army Private First Class Brian Orolin returned from Afghanistan in 2011, his wife, Donna, could tell something wasn't quite right. He became paranoid. He suffered constant headaches and would isolate himself in his bedroom with the lights dimmed. And then on November 19, Brian left his wife and two children in Spring, Texas. He has been missing ever since.","At StoryCorps, Donna Orolin remembered the day he returned from Afghanistan.","He was literally the last person off the plane, and he was just so excited to see his daughters. I dressed the girls up and put little bows in their hair with his unit on them. And I put a sign out front that said welcome home, Specialist Orolin. He just couldn't wait to be dad - husband again, but then, things were different.","We used to hold hands all the time before he left. When he came back, he didn't like to be touched, so I had to remind myself to not rub his back, not sneak up behind him and give him hugs. And pretty much his sense of purpose was gone. He would say that he was just going to go away somewhere some day and disappear, and we'd never find him."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies Donna was trying to remain supportive of Brian, despite his lack of interest in physical contact.","questions":"How was Donna dealing with Brian's lack of interest in physical contact?","answer":"Supportive"}
{"text":["Oh, it was like looking out across the ocean. There was water from as far as you could see both ways. And I think it was over a billion dollars worth of damage to our community and East Grand Forks. Seemed quite hopeless, but our message today is one of hope. And I think FEMA has referred to us as a poster child for flood recovery because of what we've accomplished as a community.","After the flood, the city decided some homes needed to be removed to make way for key infrastructure. How was that decision made?","Decision-making - that's the most important thing about recovery is people have to make decisions, and whether they're popular or not, to allow the recovery to occur. So we had to choose places that were in the floodplain that couldn't be rebuilt. And those entry-level homes had to be taken to build the infrastructure for the flood recovery project.","Your own home was slated to be raised to make way for this new flood system. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"slated to be raised to make way for this new flood system\" - the actual meaning is that the speaker's home was going to be demolished or relocated in order to make space for the new flood system infrastructure, rather than being physically raised or elevated.","questions":"How was the PersonA's home affected by the new flood system infrastructure?","answer":"Demolished"}
{"text":["Now, in both the Enron case and the Madoff situation, they're very different in some ways, but they both benefited at least for a time from the fact that a lot of people don't understand finance, and it's very difficult to understand. What do you think people need to do who are not financiers to understand why is it important to even understand the issue of finance, white-collar crime, and all of this?","White-collar crime matters because it affects all of us. Even if you happen to be a blue-collar person, you undoubtedly get affected one way or another - your investments, your company, your suppliers, your neighbors. Everyone gets affected by serious white-collar crime, and the old joke is, right, you walk into a bank with a gun, steal $50,000, they send you away for 10 years. You steal $50 million in some sort of white-collar crime thing, and you get, you know, five minutes and a warning from the judge.","I mean, that's an exaggeration. But that's the kind of thing that for years has annoyed people, including me. And somehow the - because there's been now so much of the stuff has surfaced, and there's such conscientiousness about it and in the case of Madoff largely because he scammed people that members of the media know. So you get really angry when your friends go down. I mean, I don't have any friends who were in there, but a lot of people in my business. . .","Right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : my business, speaker does not an actual business, but means his line or work","questions":"What does the speaker mean by \"my business\"?","answer":"occupation"}
{"text":["You know, he doesn't.","Well, he's not a reporter then - he or she or it. Yes.","He's actually very friendly.","Very friendly, really, and thanks the editor for improving his or her work?","He does. He even asks for changes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) B's response to A's statement that \"he doesn't\" implies that the subject being discussed is not a reporter, but it also implies skepticism or doubt about the subject's credibility or qualifications.","questions":"How does PersonB feel about the subject's credibility or qualifications?","answer":"Doubt"}
{"text":["It's really interesting. You know, they've been involved on and off in sort of smaller ways. But you know, they put out a press release. They're filing lawsuits. There's a lot of speculation as to why now. Some of it may be just they feel like these laws have finally gone too far. Some of it may be there's a woman president of the AMA and a woman past president and there'll be a woman president next year. For a group that's long been older, whiter and more male, that's changing.","So what kind of stance had they taken in the past?","Well, the AMA has been kind of everywhere on abortion. The AMA in the late 1800s led the fight to make abortion illegal in the United States. That was part of their effort to sort of centralize power over the medical profession. They wanted to get rid of unlicensed practitioners like midwives, who had traditionally been involved with women's reproductive health. And they really didn't change that position until just before Roe v.  Wade. And even when Roe v.  Wade happened, the effort to liberalize abortion laws in the U. S.  was really led by the legal profession, not by the medical profession.","You reached out to the American Medical Association - seems like maybe they're not so comfortable with this new stance. Can you tell us what you learned?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : on and off means in this context that they are doing something then not doing something","questions":"What is changing within the group that the speaker is referring to in turn 0?","answer":"Membership"}
{"text":["Well, that's how your muscles grow. And in this case, what we found was with the exercise, after very strenuous exercise of 20 minutes, we found a disappearance of the chemical tags from the DNA. And what this means is that it allowed other proteins' transcription factors to access the DNA, and this could instruct the cell to make specialized proteins that could support growth and metabolism.","Wow. Does it also explain why you lose your muscle tone if you don't exercise?","Well, we actually - we didn't study that.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implied meaning of turn (1) is that engaging in strenuous exercise leads to changes in DNA that enable the production of specific proteins necessary for muscle growth and metabolism. It implies that the process of muscle growth involves more than just physical strain.","questions":"How do chemical tags disappear from DNPersonA after strenuous exercise?","answer":"Access"}
{"text":["Oh, I absolutely see having access to care that you can rely upon to get the care you need is something we need to have across America. But how do you do that?Can you do that with a legislative pen?That was what the Affordable Care Act was trying to mandate. And it just doesn't work. And so what you've got to do is create a marketplace, both health insurance and in health care, that allows for people to access that care in an affordable, reasonable manner.","Are you convinced that high-risk pools are going to be able to cover people who are at risk with continuing and debilitating health conditions?I might add, both you and I have one of those.","Absolutely. I would agree that high-risk pools are going to address the issue in a new way, in a little different way, than what has been done previously in high-risk pools. But also it's going to give the flexibility and innovative opportunity to states to create new products, new ways to treat these issues. And to me, that's something we should be looking forward to rather than, you know, the status quo, no-we-can't-type mindset.","A new way but a reliable way. I mean, can you - there's lot of skepticism that these high-risk pools will do anything but make it unaffordable (ph) for people."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is questioning the reliability of high-risk pools, implying that they may not be effective in providing affordable care.","questions":"Which issue is PersonB questioning the reliability of high-risk pools to address?","answer":"Affordability"}
{"text":["No problem.","Aren't the British the original soccer hooligans?","Yeah, exactly. And the Russian fans rioting in France right now, for them the inspiration was the English football hooligan scene of the 1970s, '80s and '90s even. They see England as a spiritual home of football hooliganism, as it were.","How does football hooliganism wind up being a source of inspiration?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 4) \"How does football hooliganism wind up being a source of inspiration?\"  The literal meaning of this turn is simply asking how football hooliganism can be a source of inspiration. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is expressing disbelief or confusion about how something as negative as football hooliganism could inspire others. The question implies that the speaker does not understand how people could find inspiration in such behavior, and perhaps even disapproves of it.","questions":"Which emotion is implied in the question asked by B?","answer":"Confusion"}
{"text":["I never had an apartment before, so just finally having my own place. And it was magical. It was gorgeous - beautiful tub. I never could use the tub because I was afraid of the roaches.","So unfortunately there's always like pros and cons to that, but it was mine. And I loved it like it was my baby. And I still miss that apartment even though there is bug issues. I miss it.","Well, it made me wonder why there aren't more songs like that in R&B. I mean, R&B is very dominated by relationships - right?- sex, relationships songs. But it does - it did make me wonder, why aren't there more songs about other milestones in R&B?Like, why is that?","Well, first of all, I'm thankful that people love new apartments so much because I always feel like my comfort zone is writing about romance and sex. But I think there's this narrative that the world just wants to hear about simple things and - or just extreme, like, sadness. I've just been broken up with or something like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A thinks that the world prefers simple or sad narratives over other themes.","questions":"How does PersonA feel about writing songs related to romance and sex?","answer":"Comfort."}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. Some of the stories seem to have sort of a moral to them, like the one - mysterious one I'm going to call the rectum in a jar.","Yeah, this is the case of the rectum of the Bishop of Durham. If you go to London and you visit the Hunterian Museum, it's a wonderful, wonderful - one - in fact, one of the world's few remaining big medical museums. It's part of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. If you go and visit it, on display on the main floor inside a jar is something they call object RCSHC\/P192. The label identifies it as being the preserved rectum of the Bishop of Durham, and we're talking about Thomas Thurlow, who was born in 1737, died in 1791. Would you like to hear the story of why it's in a jar in London on display?","With that kind of teaser, how could I not?","OK. The - that particular Bishop of Durham was a rich and powerful man. And he came down with some ailments and called in one of the celebrated doctors of the day, John Hunter, a man who, years later, went on to found this museum. Dr.  Hunter examined him and told him he had an incurable disease and that it was bad news. The bishop did not want to accept this news, so he was very insulting to this doctor and instead went and insult - and consulted a cattle doctor who gave him some kind of nostrum."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The preserved rectum of the Bishop of Durham is on display at the Hunterian Museum","questions":"Which museum displays the preserved rectum of the Bishop of Durham?","answer":"Hunterian"}
{"text":["What was the basis on which you were denied?","They said that we need to request a formal tour. And this is the problem. You know, I was at Homestead yesterday - the facility in Florida that houses 2,700 mostly teenage migrants. You think about it - they do these guided tours only at very specific times when they have a lot of notice about when people are going to come through. I'm told that lawyers who represent the kids in there have to sign a nondisclosure agreement so that they can't talk about the conditions in there.","It makes you wonder, what are they hiding?Why do we keep seeing images of overcrowding and of terrible living conditions, and then journalists go in there on one of these guided tours, and everything seems to be fine?","You visited another community center where there are migrant families or children. What did they tell you?Have you been able to get any reports?Or did any people who'd been in those facilities have anything to say to you about what the conditions were there?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : seeing images of overcrowding and of terrible living conditions implies the unpleasant view and conditions ","questions":"How would you describe the view of the conditions?","answer":"unpleasant"}
{"text":["Yeah. To learn street - Glasgow street language.","They must have - well, a few particular words must have stuck to their vocabulary.","They spring to mind immediately, don't they?","Our guest is Billy Connolly. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION, from NPR News. And there is a lot of material, it would seem to me, that would go over better in Scotland than it would here. How do you have to change to adapt to audiences?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Adapting to different audiences requires changing language and material used.","questions":"How does adapting require changing?","answer":"Language"}
{"text":["Correct. It was one of the first ones to come out like that, and so I had no idea it was different from any other game. I just thought it was another game. And he, within three months of playing it, he started - it started affecting his real life negatively. He lost his job. He got evicted from his apartment. By the way, he was 20 years old when he started playing this, so he was an adult. But very quickly it showed negative effects. His personality changed. He started becoming a different person. He became withdrawn, antisocial, depressed. His focus became gaming, and he no longer was concerned about his real life or his future.","When you think about your son, do you think that there were other underlying issues, whether it was depression or some other condition, that caused him to be susceptible to this?I mean, how do you balance that thought out?","I agree with that 100 percent. He had ADD, and from my experience, since 2002, probably 99 percent of the gamers that we've talked to who have problems with gaming have ADD. It seems to make them more susceptible.","Attention deficit."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Video games can have negative effects on real life.","questions":"How did the game affect PersonA's son?","answer":"negatively"}
{"text":["Well, on our blog, Dan Jones wrote, I was glad to be a witness to history being made, even if it was slightly marred by Hillary Clinton's refusal to read the writing on the wall and get out of the race. And Glenda Fraser wrote, it was America's moment, period. The big Obama story on our blog up to this point was his decision to leave his church, the United Church of Christ in Chicago. And on that, there was no consensus among our readers.","Now, we also started a new online series featuring submissions from our political contributors. So what's that?","It's called Political Positions, and each week, one of our regular political contributors weighs in with their take on the week's news. We started with a piece from Mark Sawyer about John McCain's stance on relations with Cuba, followed that with an open letter to Barack Obama written by Ron Walters about how to handle the white working-class vote, and now, we have a piece from James L.  Taylor parsing the support among black and white voters for Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama. So some interesting perspectives that people should take time out to read.","Of course, Ron was just on our air."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : on air implies to participate in a radio program and not meaning to physically hang in the air","questions":"Which word implies participating in a radio program in turn 3?","answer":"onair"}
{"text":["Thank you. Great to be with you this morning.","Why do Republicans - who seem to believe gun laws would not reduce homicides because murders will still break the law to get guns - now seem to feel anyone's going to be deterred by a bump stock law?","Well, Scott, I think - well, we were all just horrified by the events of Las Vegas - I mean, so many killed and wounded. And you know, so of course our thoughts are with all of them and their families. But I think most of us are not only shocked by the event but shocked by the fact that somebody was able to convert, functionally, a lawful, legal firearm - or firearms into an illegal firearms, as far as I'm concerned.","I mean, automatic weapons in the United States have been banned for a very long time, as they should be. The fact that somebody can take a bump stock or some other type of device and functionally convert a semiautomatic into a fully automatic is more than concerning. And many of us believe that that must be outlawed. And. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : iteral meaning is different from its actual meaning. The actual meaning is asking for an explanation of why Republicans now feel a bump stock law is needed, while the literal meaning is asking why they seem to think gun laws wouldn't reduce homicides.","questions":"Which law does the speaker believe must be outlawed?","answer":"Bumpstock"}
{"text":["Well, just along those lines, we read reports that temperatures in the contiguous 48 states have been above average in each of the last 15 months, which has never happened for as long as people have been keeping records, and that 2012 is on track to be the warmest year ever. As we read about this record Arctic ice melt, is this a coincidence?","Well, it's all part and parcel of the same thing, but I will say that January through August of this year has been the warmest period - January through August period since 1895 when they started taking temperature records. That's in the contiguous lower 48. Alaska has actually had a fairly average year, so everything doesn't march in lockstep. But again, the situation with the ice and the Arctic is this has been accumulating over decades of warming up there, and we're finally seeing the results of that.","So this one summer was not at all a key up there. In fact, what was interesting to one of the scientists I talked to, he said, basically, you know, what was astounding about this was that there was no astounding weather pattern up there that explained this dramatic difference. It was just kind of reaching this point of where the ice was just so thin that it was just ready to crumble.","Ice is white. It reflects light. The sea is blue. It does not reflect light. It absorbs it, and thereby, the heat that comes with it."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There has been a long-term warming trend resulting in the Arctic ice melt.","questions":"Which trend?","answer":"Warming"}
{"text":["My reaction to the reaction is that it was spearheaded by the Daily Mail, which is really an out-and-out - almost a racist enterprise. It's - Daily Mail has been one of the most strenuous advocates for Brexit. But they were also avoiding some of the serious themes of the piece.","Well, let's talk about some of those things. Diana was famously involved with Dodi Fayed 20 years ago. And there was a lot of talk then. Now Harry is marrying Meghan Markle, as we mentioned, who is biracial. So have things changed?What does that say about the United Kingdom now?","I think that Britain is in a very strange place because the royals are kind of - as somebody said to me from the families, they're sort of one bright spot. Like, they're young. They're dynamic. They represent something that's very sort of inspiring when everything else is actually very gray because there's been this sort of political convulsion that was Brexit.","Do you think the royal family can really survive in a time when we have other kinds of celebrities that cost the taxpayer nothing?I mean, clearly, a lot of hopes are being placed on not only Meghan Markle and Prince Harry but the other younger royals like Prince William."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The comparison between Diana and Dodi who had an affair and Harry marrying Meghan Markle who is considered to be biracial simply implies that the UK political affairs can not improve either with race mixture or not.","questions":"What does the comparison between Diana and Dodi, and Harry marrying biracial Meghan Markle imply about the UK's political affairs?","answer":"Divided"}
{"text":["The tragedy in Burma is it's just hard for us to comprehend. It is true that the current projections are that the numbers will rise significantly. I've heard numbers as high as 50,000 people being killed. So it's something that just automatically pulls at the heartstrings.","And you know, Farai, scientists have discovered that human beings are actually wired to be altruistic, so it's a part of our DNA. It's natural for us to want to give. We see a crisis, we want to give. And so I think it's really important to acknowledge that, and to really encourage people to give. It can. The giving, overwhelming giving for a major public emergency like this can have a negative impact on other parts of the world. We've seen it in the past.","For example, when the tsunami hit Asia, several years ago, where a quarter of a million people lost their lives, you saw relief and development organizations flooded with donations. OxFam UK, at a certain point, actually had to refuse donations because they no longer had the capacity to actually program funds. So what I would actually advocate for those that are really interested in making contributions, is to give responsibly. To really look at those organizations that you are interested in making a contribution to, and making your donation in flexible kinds of ways. . .","So, for general support as opposed to necessarily for one thing."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The situation in Burma is heartbreaking and difficult to comprehend due to the high death toll.","questions":"What is the tragedy in Burma?","answer":"Tragedy"}
{"text":["So alphabetically, Jeb Bush, Ben Carson, Hillary Clinton, Martin O'Malley, Bernie Sanders, who'd you like?","You know, I liked the fact that they all came. The important thing for the Urban League was that each of these five candidates accepted our invitation, came, and I think offered a serious perspective from their own point of view. They came in here. They talked about race. They talked about economics. They talked about the criminal justice system. They talked about cities. These issues don't get discussed on the main stage in many, many political debates and discussions. And so why we wanted them here, so they could talk about equality, talk about opportunity, develop those ideas in a way that will not, and - or, I should say, historically has not happened in this campaign up until this point.","Mr.  Morial, another unarmed black man was killed by an officer in Cincinnati. I wonder if you have some ideas you want to bring to our attention about how to try to repair a shattered relationship between black citizens and police.","It's an American tragedy of untold proportions, particularly as we've seen it play out in the last two years. Our ten-point justice plan recommended that body cameras and dash cameras be mandatory for all law enforcement all the way across the country. But we also believe that more must be done when it comes to police officer hiring, police officer training, and police officer accountability. The community wants to and must trust its police if they're going to be allies is in what we all want, and that is safer communities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Mr. Morial believes that body cameras and dash cameras should be mandatory for all law enforcement, as well as other measures such as police officer hiring and training, in order to build trust between the community and police officers.","questions":"What is one measure Mr. Morial believes should be mandatory for all law enforcement?","answer":"Cameras"}
{"text":["There are. It's been a very dry summer. We had the wettest May on record, but then we had the driest June on record. So since June 1, we've only had 0. 06 inches of rain in Anchorage. So everything is turning pretty crispy. And we've got a pretty big fire down on the Kenai, which is blowing smoke into the Anchorage area. And then we've got a fire north in the Matanuska-Susitna Valley. And then we've got fires dotted across the state.","Well, northern Alaska has seen dramatic effects of climate change - thawing permafrost, we've seen that decreasing arctic ice. Is this heat wave part of that bigger trend?","I think it is. We're definitely seeing warmer-than-normal conditions. Like, the 90-degree temperature is 25 degrees above our average. Our average for this time of year is 65 degrees. And just in the last 10 days, we had six record-high temperatures. So not just this year, but overall, the trend for Anchorage and all of Alaska is a steady increase and a steady warming.","What is the forecast then for the next, say, few days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The temperature has been steadily increasing in Anchorage and all of Alaska.","questions":"What is the trend for temperature in Alaska?","answer":"Increasing"}
{"text":["Oh, sure. He had extremely high standards for himself, and for his wife and. . .","I guess what I mean is, did you ever look at him across the table and say, don't treat me like Hamid Karzai.","You know what?(Laughter) Richard was - extremely calming influence on me. I've got a pretty quick, Hungarian temper, and he just had such a way of deflating my emotional outbursts. He was actually one of the calmest in-crisis people that I've ever known. And you know, I describe, in the book, being with him when he was negotiating the end of the war in Bosnia, and principally in Dayton.","He put you between - is it Begovich and Milosevic, at dinner.","Yes, and gave me a very easy assignment. He said, make them talk to each other. And of course, you know, a few days before, these two warlords had been trying to gouge out each other's eyes. So that was a challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn (2) \"did you ever look at him across the table and say, don't treat me like Hamid Karzai\" is an example of figurative language, as it uses a metaphor to convey a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation. Hamid Karzai is a former President of Afghanistan and the metaphorical use here is to suggest that the speaker felt like they were being treated unfairly or without respect by the person being referred to.","questions":"What is the metaphorical meaning behind the reference to Hamid Karzai in turn (1)?","answer":"Unfairly"}
{"text":["Now, when we look at this, what they're doing, there was a - you know, in some ways perhaps a minor incident, but a telling one where the British publication, the Telegraph, reported online that the G8 leaders enjoyed a six course lunch followed by an eight course dinner. African leaders were not invited and of course they're talking about the global hunger situation. There was a lot of static about that. Do you think that, that was symbolic in any way or just, you know, big time world business as usual?","Well, Farai now you're going to draw the cynical side out of me. This was an incredibly stupid, careless move, by the G8 leaders where they basically seemed to have thought off camera they could do whatever they wanted to. And they demonstrated, for all to see, the contempt actually that they have towards the rest of the world.","That they basically - they see themselves, as in effect, the rulers of this planet. So, when they're on camera there'll be the tears, there'll be the concern. Off camera you saw this hideous example of consumption.","What do you think the G8 leaders should be doing in terms of an Africa agenda?I'm going to get to a couple of specific things, specific national issues of Zimbabwe and Nigeria in a second."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The G8 leaders showed disregard for global hunger by indulging in lavish meals without inviting African leaders.","questions":"How did the G8 leaders demonstrate their contempt towards the rest of the world?","answer":"Consumption"}
{"text":["Then I opened the door, and there were those four officers there. They raided my apartment. They went through every single thing I had. They were going through my WhatsApp messages for hours and hours. They also brought in some other equipment that they said was used for a sweep. It was a bizarre-looking apparatus that shot out a laser. And they pointed it at my walls and at the air conditioning unit. And they said they were looking for spying equipment.","And you were taken into custody. And you were interrogated. What happened?","I was. They took me to their headquarters just a few miles away. They put, like, a ski mask over my face. Then I was finally in a room and a chair. They would periodically come in and sort of prod me and have questions for me about my contacts in Venezuela, contacts with the military, the people who work with me or also just needing the password to my computer. Also, generally, just - they gave me a very long lecture about how I was supposedly a mercenary journalist.","What do you think this was about?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The equipment did not actually sweep the floor but went over the room with a infrared detection sensor.","questions":"What did the bizarre-looking apparatus do?","answer":"Laser"}
{"text":["I assume, Sean, you're not going to have anyone there kind of pulling in the CNN-type touchscreen - pulling up results from various provinces. When might we get a really solid indication of who the next president of Afghanistan will be?","You're right. It is going to take some time here. We should start to get some basic, preliminary results in the coming days. But the actual count won't be completed until April 20. But once that's released, there's going to be several weeks of challenges, and a period where another body evaluates fraud and complaints and challenges from candidates. And May 14th is when the final, certified results of today's vote will actually be released. And most analysts are convinced that there's no chance any of the candidates will get more than 50 percent of the vote today, which means the top two candidates will go to a runoff, probably to be held sometime in June; meaning, we're looking at sometime late summer, early fall, actually, before we know who the next president of Afghanistan's going to be.","NPR's Sean Carberry in Kabul. Thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"NPR's Sean Carberry in Kabul\" is meant literally as it refers to the journalist's location.","questions":"How should Sean Carberry be referred to in terms of his location?","answer":"Sean"}
{"text":["Me, too.",". . . when they would have lunch every day.","Thank you for saying that, yes.","So how did they help each other?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is curious to know what kind of help the two people provided each other with during their lunch time.","questions":"How did the two people assist each other during lunch time?","answer":"Help"}
{"text":["I watched the movie \"Concussion,\" and that kind of really gave me some insight onto what could happen if I kept on playing football and some of the injuries that could occur.","So nobody had ever spoken to you about this before - your coach, your family. It wasn't something that really was on your radar at all.","No, it really wasn't any of my concern. I wasn't really worried about it. You know, I had a head injury my junior year in football and then, you know, I kind of just shrugged it off, didn't think it was much of anything","So looking at the film with Will Smith, you thought, hey, I'm a football player. I'm, you know, in high school. And if I keep this up, something terrible could happen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker did not receive any prior warning or education about the risks of playing football, indicating a lack of adequate information and awareness among coaches, families, and society as a whole about the dangers of sports-related injuries.","questions":"Which film did the speaker watch that gave them insight into the risks of playing football?","answer":"Concussion"}
{"text":["And, of course, in \"Hamlet\" there's that famous play within a play, which, in my version, was a book within a book. And in this book, in \"Romeo And\/Or Juliet,\" there's actually two books within a book. When Juliet is taking that sleeping potion, she's out of the play for 42 hours. And while she's knocked out, she has a dream, which is \"A Midsummer Night's Dream. \"And you can play through that as Juliet in her subconscious.","And when Romeo's banished to Mantua, he's also kicked out of the narrative for a while. And he can visit the library and read a book called \"Fair Is Foul And\/Or Foul Is Fair\" which is obviously \"Macbeth\" done in this format. So I tried to cram all the Shakespeare I could into this because I'm not sure there's that many other plays that would lend themselves so easily to this format.","It has to be a play with which people are generally familiar, too.","Well, that's the fun of it, right, because you know what these characters are supposed to be like. And when you kind of push them off the rails a little bit, there's a sense of breaking the rules that's a lot of fun, I think. It's fun to write (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn 3, \"It has to be a play with which people are generally familiar, too\" implies that the play must be well-known in order to be easily understood and appreciated by the audience.","questions":"Which element of a play is required to be well-known in order to be easily understood and appreciated by the audience, according to turn 2?","answer":"Well-known"}
{"text":["Science and magic are supposed to be opposites. Science is real, and it's hard, and it's facts-driven. Magic is illusion, and it's make-believe. Two separate worlds. But not for Teller, half of the famous magic duo Penn & Teller. He recently wrote an article for Smithsonian magazine, outlining the secrets that magicians use to manipulate the human mind and how those tricks may be put to use by scientists. At the core of every trick, he wrote, is a cold, cognitive experiment in perception. Does the trick fool the audience?","Well, in this portion of the program, we would like to hear from the magicians out there. What is the trick that proved most difficult for you to master?And if you want to share its secret, what was its secret?Our number is 800-989-8255. Our email address is talk@npr. org. And you can join the conversation on our website. Go to npr. org, and click on TALK OF THE NATION. Teller joins us from NPR member station KNPR in Las Vegas. Teller, thanks very much for joining us.","Happy to be here.","So psychologists talk about the artistic intuition that magicians have, this innate ability honed over time, a lot, a lot of time to grab a person's attention and control it and manipulate it. Are they right about that?Are psychologists on to something in this assessment of what you magicians are really up to?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Magic is illusion, and it's make-believe.\" In this turn, the speaker is using the term \"make-believe\" to refer to the nature of magic. The literal meaning of \"make-believe\" is pretending or imagining something that is not real. However, in the context of magic, it implies the creation of illusions and the suspension of disbelief.","questions":"What term does the speaker use to describe the nature of magic?","answer":"control"}
{"text":["And then the phone rang a few times, but I didn't pick it up. And, you know, you don't always answer your phone when you're having dinner on a Saturday night.","Right. Right.","So that's when I called his mom. And her cousin picked up and said - Alex, you need to get on the next plane to Sri Lanka. There's been a bombing. And Kieran is hurt, and he's here in the hospital.","But he was alive at that time?","The answer is no. He wasn't."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The answer is no. He wasn't.  In this turn, the literal meaning is that the person in question was not alive at a certain time. However, the implied meaning is that there was a tragic event or circumstance that led to the person's death, which is being discussed.","questions":"How was the person in question?","answer":"Dead"}
{"text":["We argued that six months was way, way too short. You're talking about trying to go into archives, documents, find materials. Unfortunately, this was what was included in the legislation. And we've urged the Polish government to open that deadline - indeed, to open the program to people who never filed claims or for whom no claim - buildings for which no claims were filed.","But the Polish government didn't agree.","Unfortunately not. We're hoping that the Polish government will look again at this issue and make this process easier not only in terms of the deadline but also what documentation is required. Make sure that archives are open and material is accessible because if you have a right and legislation but not the means to enforce it - and particularly for many of the Holocaust survivors and their families, virtually all of whom live outside of Poland, it's very difficult. They don't speak the language. They don't live in the country. To address even the administrative issues is extremely difficult.","And what makes this important, so many years after the terrible events we're talking about - after the crimes we're talking about?","We're facing a situation where, in the next few years, we will be living in a world where there won't be Holocaust survivors. It's a population, obviously, that's very elderly, very sick and passing away very rapidly. So we think it's a matter of justice and morality to address and to conclude this issue before that last of that generation disappears."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : We argued that six months was way, way too short. You're talking about trying to go into archives, documents, find materials. Unfortunately, this was what was included in the legislation. And we've urged the Polish government to open that deadline - indeed, to open the program to people who never filed claims or for whom no claim - buildings for which no claims were filed.  The implied meaning of A's statement is that they believe the six-month deadline mentioned in the legislation is too short to effectively search through archives and gather necessary materials. They are advocating for the Polish government to extend the deadline and allow individuals who haven't filed claims or whose claims were never filed to participate in the program.","questions":"Which program is PersonA urging the Polish government to extend and open to people who never filed claims or for whom no claims were filed?","answer":"Program"}
{"text":["Well, I think what's wrong with it is manifold. Our social safety net is embarrassingly weak; it barely merits the name. We give unemployment benefits that are stingy by rich countries' standards over periods that are short by rich countries' standards. And something a lot of people don't know, only about one-third of the unemployed even qualify because of various eligibility requirements. And on top of that, people lose their health insurance, some of them lose their pensions and so on.","And, we have estimates now that the unemployment rate will go up to at least 8 percent now.","I think that's right. I think at this point, we'll be fortunate or skillful, depending on how you want to think about it, if we can hold the line at 8 percent. I think higher is probably likely.","OK. So let's talk about unemployment benefits, and what do you think President-elect Obama should do about extending those?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The social safety net is inadequate due to strict eligibility requirements and inadequate benefits.","questions":"How is our social safety net?","answer":"Inadequate"}
{"text":["There are U. S.  citizens who've been caught up in these really devastating attacks. I can't give out more details at this time because of privacy concerns. But I think we're all just very shocked and saddened by the breadth of the attacks and how senseless they were, particularly targeting people as they worship this morning at Sunday services and were enjoying holiday meals at several of the big hotels.","Right - Easter day. Now, a decade ago, Sri Lanka ended an extremely violent civil war where large-scale suicide bombings were common. Do we know why this now after a relatively peaceful past 10 years?","That's a good question. We don't really have all the answers we want about who was behind these attacks. I don't believe they were linked to that conflict period. But for a country trying to recover, trying to achieve reconciliation among the ethnic and religious groups here, this is not going to support that effort.","Could you tell us more about the ethnic and religious makeup of Sri Lanka and whether those demographics are relevant to what is happening today?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : implies that the speaker has information about U.S. citizens affected by the attacks, but cannot disclose it due to privacy concerns. The use of passive voice (\"have been caught up\") and vague expressions like \"devastating attacks\" and \"senseless they were\" create a sense of emotional distance and uncertainty, while the phrase \"I think we're all just very shocked and saddened\" suggests a shared reaction.","questions":"What was the reason behind Sri Lanka's violent civil war a decade ago?","answer":"unknown"}
{"text":["Correct. It was one of the first ones to come out like that, and so I had no idea it was different from any other game. I just thought it was another game. And he, within three months of playing it, he started - it started affecting his real life negatively. He lost his job. He got evicted from his apartment. By the way, he was 20 years old when he started playing this, so he was an adult. But very quickly it showed negative effects. His personality changed. He started becoming a different person. He became withdrawn, antisocial, depressed. His focus became gaming, and he no longer was concerned about his real life or his future.","When you think about your son, do you think that there were other underlying issues, whether it was depression or some other condition, that caused him to be susceptible to this?I mean, how do you balance that thought out?","I agree with that 100 percent. He had ADD, and from my experience, since 2002, probably 99 percent of the gamers that we've talked to who have problems with gaming have ADD. It seems to make them more susceptible.","Attention deficit."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People with ADD are more susceptible to problems with gaming.","questions":"How are people with what condition more susceptible to problems with gaming?","answer":"ADD"}
{"text":["And we shall not - I certainly won't see his like again. He was also incredibly fun. And so that's the thing to try to hold onto.","He wrote a lot of letters by hand, didn't he?","He wrote tons of letters. I bet there are a hundred thousand - hundreds out there signed, all the best, George Bush. Many of them are compiled in a lovely volume he did. His - you know, he was the son of a mother who insisted that he not talk - that one not talk about oneself. He was - so when it came time to write a book after he left the presidency, he didn't. . .","Oh, right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : I won't see someone like him again because he was unique and special, and not because he was dead.","questions":"What is the reason for not seeing someone like him again according to turn 0?","answer":"Fun"}
{"text":["Treasury will decide whether the auto industry deserves this $17. 4 billion in bailout funds, whether or not that loan should be called in or extended. What will happen between now and then?","Two things have to happen. First, the Treasury and the Obama administration have to make some key decisions about what a viable automaker looks like and whether GM or Chrysler fit that profile. There's a lot of debate about in a market of 10 million vehicles a year in the United States whether there's enough room for both of these companies to survive. On the other side, the automakers have to show that they're making progress on their plans.","We know that they're probably going to announce some deep job cuts and plant closures tomorrow. They have to make some more progress with bond holders, with suppliers, and dealers. There's a lot of moving pieces that keep going in through March 31st. And by that time, it's possible we'll have to see some very key decisions made.","Justine Hyde covers the auto industry for the Detroit Free Press. Thank you, Justin."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 'Moving pieces' is not literal. They're not talking about game pieces, but about the situation being complex with a lot of factors involved.","questions":"How can the situation be described based on the phrase \"moving pieces\"?","answer":"Complex"}
{"text":["Yeah, a little bit. But, you know, he's not read em(ph) and freak brothers.","That would be a whole different story. That would say something different about his personality, I think.","Something a little more disturbing, I would say.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"read em\" could imply reading the comic book series \"The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers\", but it's possible that the speaker means something else depending on the context of the conversation.","questions":"What specific comic book series could \"read em\" refer to in the context of the conversation?","answer":"The-Fabulous-Furry-Freak-Brothers"}
{"text":["Well, Manafort has a second case. That case is here in Washington, D. C. He pleaded guilty to two conspiracy charges. This is a case that was also brought by special counsel Robert Mueller. Manafort, in D. C, agreed to cooperate with the government. That cooperation deal collapsed after the special counsel's team essentially said that he lied to investigators about a number of things.","The presiding judge in D. C. , Judge Amy Berman Jackson, agreed with the government. The maximum sentence that Manafort faces here in D. C.  is 10 years. Now, the question that hangs over all of this is whether Judge Jackson here in D. C.  is going to make him serve, whatever sentence she gives him, simultaneously or stagger it. So is he going to get another 10 years in addition to what he got in Virginia?","Any chance of a presidential pardon?","The president has not taken that entirely off the table, but his lawyers say it's not under discussion."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Any chance of a presidential pardon?\" - The actual meaning here is whether there is a possibility that President Trump will pardon Manafort, which would mean he would not have to serve his sentence.","questions":"Which action of the President is still under discussion?","answer":"Pardon"}
{"text":["And there is a desperate need both for international humanitarian law to be observed in the conduct of the war to protect civilians but also for a move towards political negotiations and a political settlement, because it is now nearly two years since I sat at the United Nations with foreign ministers from the Gulf States who said they wanted a political settlement then. But it is no closer, and the bombing has undoubtedly deepened the divide inside Yemen and made it far harder to bring peace.","And this is the conduct of the war by Saudi Arabia?","The Saudi-led coalition has air power. The Houthis, who are an Iranian-backed rebel group, are on the ground. It's not the job of these humanitarians to take sides in the conflict. We don't take sides in the conflict. What we do is call out the abuse of international humanitarian law on all sides. And the striking thing about the Yemen conflict and the three other countries that are in danger of famine in Africa - in Somalia, in South Sudan that we've talked about, north and northeast Nigeria - these are man-made famine.","Mr.  Miliband, you've been a politician. How do you sustain interest in problems that are very remote from the lives of everyday Americans?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : inquiring about strategies or approaches politicians use to engage and maintain public attention for issues that may seem disconnected or less relevant to the lives of everyday Americans.","questions":"How does PersonB ask Mr. Miliband about his experience as a politician? (answer: \"politician\")","answer":"Politician"}
{"text":["Indeed, and the longer this regime stays, the bigger this possibility is. I think any solution to the Syrian crisis will have to assure the different communities in Syria, at the top of which are the Alawites of their future in the country. Many Alawites today do not feel that what the Bashar Assad is doing to their country is excusable. At the same time, they are afraid to basically jump the ship and go against him for fear of being, sort of, killed and massacred by the majority Sunnis in the country. And so a political process will have to address the aspirations, the needs, the fears of these different minority communities in Syria.","A political process we've seen very little of. There's nothing going on.","Not much. There is a U. N.  envoy, Mr.  Lakhdar Brahimi, who was both an U. N.  and Arab League envoy, who is trying, you know, to initiate such a process. But given, in my view, the fact that this regime looks at things in Syria as a zero-sum game, there is, indeed, a very little likelihood of the success of the political process.","Marwan Muasher, former foreign minister, deputy prime minister of Jordan, with us from studios at the Carnegie Endowment in Washington. Thanks very much for your time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There is a lack of progress in the political process for the Syrian crisis.","questions":"What is the main concern in the dialogue regarding the Syrian crisis?","answer":"Fear."}
{"text":["Yes. At the top of the mountains, we have cloud forests. These are forests composed of trees of low stature. They have the ability to withstand the strong wind conditions at the top of the mountain. They are very important in regulating the water cycling of the mountain and actually supplying the 20 percent of the water for Puerto Rico. These trees are completely covered by mosses and plants that sit on the tree trunks and collect water. And they can then kind of filter cloud water down the mountain. So many of these mosses and epiphytes were stripped from the tree trunks on the face where those winds were more intense.","I wonder, Dr.  Gonzalez, as you were walking through El Yunque looking at the destruction of this place that you've known so well for so long, what was going through your mind seeing it totally transformed?","Well, it's an amazing experience, but I think it's one of learning and regeneration. We already have seen the greening of the forest in some areas. We're already seeing that some species are lifting up. We know that some other species will come up and kind of make their way to more native or mature species of the forest to take over. So yes, it is a catastrophic event. But we know that there's going to be a recovery phase.","Dr.  Gonzalez, what about you and your family?How did you do?Do you have power?Do you have water?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : DR GONZALEZ AND HIS FAMILYWAIKED THROUGH AFORESTAND FACES MORE INTENSED THINGS","questions":"Which place did Dr. Gonzalez and his family walk through?","answer":"El-Yunque"}
{"text":["Let's start with what's happening in those factories that produce or produced all those goods that we just couldn't get enough of during the boom. What's happening there now?","The scene on the shop floors in China is a grim one. There are tens of thousands of factories being closed, many thousands already shuttered. Those numbers don't tell you how big those factories are. China has factories with everything from five people in them to 150,000 people in them.","But the story is bad. I mean, if you just count the migrant workers who have lost their jobs in the last seven months, that count's up to over 10 million. And that's a government number, so it's probably low.","So, it could be many more than 10 million."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation in Chinese factories is dire with many factories closed and workers losing their jobs, including millions of migrant workers.","questions":"Which country's factories are facing a dire situation with millions of workers losing their jobs?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["You're very welcome.","What made you write this letter?","What I've noticed is that the sidelines has become more venomous. When expletives come across, when parents are yelling you're the worst referee ever because of one bad call that was made - this is outrageous behavior. It's unacceptable on every level.","Is there a particularly egregious incident that sticks in your mind that you could relate to us we might learn from?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : What I've noticed is that the sidelines has become more venomous. When expletives come across, when parents are yelling you're the worst referee ever because of one bad call that was made - this is outrageous behavior. It's unacceptable on every level.  In this turn, the actual meaning goes beyond the literal meaning. The speaker is not merely describing an observation about the increasing venomous behavior on the sidelines, but also expressing their disapproval and condemnation of such behavior. The implication is that the speaker finds this behavior unacceptable and outrageous, emphasizing the negative impact it has on the referee and the overall atmosphere of the game.","questions":"What behavior does the speaker find unacceptable on every level?","answer":"Venomous"}
{"text":["He had been released the year before - in June of 1914 - from an institution that was known as the Colored Waifs Home. And this was a reformatory - it was part reformatory, part orphanage. And Armstrong was sent there for at least the second time in early 1913 after he had been arrested for shooting a pistol into the air.","And it was at - while at that reformatory that he began to receive his first formal music instruction. He played in the marching band there. They would parade around the city and play at events on the lake and stuff like that. But when he came out, he was, you know, faced with the challenges of being 13 or 14 years old at the time and needing to provide some income for his family. He grew up in dire poverty, of course.","You take a look at this, like, 8 seconds of film, I guess it is, and maybe it's the power of suggestion, but it certainly looks like Louis Armstrong. And you (laughter) - you really do get a sense, even from this 13-year-old youngster, of just overwhelming charisma.","Yeah, that has been sort of the reaction. The overwhelming reaction to my story is - you know, I fully expected people to try to pick it apart because it's kind of a ridiculous thing to propose. But overwhelmingly, people have said, holy smokes, we think this, you know - it looks like him. He smiles the beautiful Louis Armstrong smile that later became famous. Yeah, it's been fascinating to me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Armstrong was sent to a reformatory multiple times and grew up in poverty.","questions":"How did Armstrong begin to receive his first formal music instruction?","answer":"Marching"}
{"text":["Thank you.","What did you see when you drove through that deep water?What did you do?","It was just devastation everywhere. I mean, it looked like a lake. It looks like a lake in the middle of the neighborhood. You can't even fathom it.","Do you remember some of the people you were able to help?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The disaster was so immense and overwhelming that it was hard to comprehend.","questions":"How was the disaster?","answer":"Devastation"}
{"text":["We don't presume when we cover the news. But we see estimates. For instance, FiveThirtyEight has her close to a 90-percent favorite in terms of their poll aggregation. If we're just projecting forward - and again, we don't know - this could be a very bitter aftermath.","Forget about honeymoons. You know, I was talking - I convened a roundtable of former campaign chiefs of staff yesterday - Republicans.","And two of them mentioned to me that they thought within the first year of her being in office, Paul Ryan, the speaker of the House, would be under great pressure to bring articles of impeachment.","During that debate, Hillary Clinton kind of deftly avoided any real response on the Goldman Sachs speeches, on her husband's transgressions, if I might put it delicately, and accusations of pay-to-play relationship between the Clinton Foundation and the State Department. Do you think these are the kind of issues that might persist after November 8, whatever the result?","Absolutely. And, of course, the email issues, as well - we saw this report come out last week of a, quote, unquote, \"potential quid pro quo\" between the FBI and State Department investigators. This is something that I think Republicans are going to use to unite themselves."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Republicans may attempt to use impeachment as a tool to try to challenge and limit Clinton's power.","questions":"Which political party is mentioned as potentially using impeachment as a tool in the dialogue?","answer":"Republicans"}
{"text":["There's no simple answer to that. What will happen, some of our experiments will be back up and running within two or three weeks. Some of the most complex genetic processes will probably take over a year to get back together. And, you know, disruptions like this push us to think hard about what we want to do and where we want to go.","So I think even though I wouldn't have chosen this - and it really is tremendously sad to have lost our partners in these mice - it's going to push us to think about some new directions which we might not have tried had this not happened. So there is a bit of a silver lining to that.","I wonder if your colleagues are as cheery about this, or at least as optimistic about it as you are.","You know, I've really been impressed and really hardened by the way everyone around me at NYU and people all over the world - I was talking to Ben Crowley(ph) of the New York Times, and I mentioned that I had gotten some 40-odd emails. That's doubled since then. And these are individuals who are offering to give me my own lines back, give me their own lines, to help me with space and resources, to literally take over my experiments until we get back on our feet."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : they are performing experiments on mice, and the mice are all dead","questions":"What is the subject of the experiments?","answer":"Mice"}
{"text":["Are there specific goals you all are trying to achieve in terms of advancing one policy or another?","Yeah. So the overarching mission is really to support science for the public good. I think it's really important to say that when politicians attack science, it's not necessarily across the board. It's certain types of science. So if you look at climate change or public health, they're under attack from certain groups because, you know, they involve regulation or some businesses have an interest in them or there's some political thing to be gained for them. And so what we will be doing after the march is putting out a policy platform on all of these specific areas.","Is that a little like herding cats?I mean, I'm guessing the scientific community (laughter), like any other, is hardly monolithic in what it thinks is the way forward.","Well, this is what we have to do. Right?So if, at the end of the day, we get bogged down in research grants, we get bogged down in having to write the next paper - but we do science 'cause we care about improving society. And if that's what it takes for us to really, you know, bring all of these diverse voices into the room and figure out, you know, how we can be unified and how we can be a political force, that's where we're at at the moment. And we're going to push for that hard after the march."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The implication of this statement is that certain groups are attacking certain types of science, like climate change and public health, because they may be interested in gaining something politically or economically. ","questions":"What specific types of science are under attack from certain groups?","answer":"Climate"}
{"text":["So every time that you have, you know, even life in a - in the House of Representatives means you need to be there. You need to deal and wheel and pork(ph) and everything. Grillo's going to be at home. So what is going to happen?His 150 MPs will go on the phone and say, Beppe, what are we going to do with this?It's ridiculous. So that's one point.","And the second point is Beppe Grillo's people and Beppe Grillo's deputies are actually younger, much younger, and I suspect much wiser and quieter than he is.","So expect some of them to say, look, we promised Italians to change this country, we're going to do that. And so they already proved that in Bologna, where I am, actually. It's - they've been successfully here in Emilia-Romagna. They were successfully in Parma and in Sicily. They cut deals all the time, American style, really cutting deals on the legislative floor without the parties, and they were very successful.","Well, you've said what you thought should happen. What's your best guess as to what you think will happen?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They mention that the House of Representatives done everything in their power to make sure they needs are met. ","questions":"Which representative body did PersonA mention in their statement?","answer":"Incorporating"}
{"text":["So on Sept.  5, the Trump administration ended DACA. Anybody whose DACA ended between Sept.  5 and March 5 were able to apply for an extension. Mine, unfortunately, expires on March 22. So I was basically two weeks shy of being able to apply for an extension.","What has been the advice that you've gotten in terms of what needs to happen next or what you can do?","Well, what people don't really realize is my DACA has expired before. You know, it takes quite a while for all of these things to be processed. And so I filled everything out. And my DACA actually expired. And I had to - you know, my employer was not able to employ me. So I had to stop and go on a leave of absence. It was extremely humiliating. And obviously, that disruption to your life is, you know, pretty devastating when you're not getting paid.","On Thursday, President Trump also referred to African nations using a highly offensive term. You are originally from Nigeria. What's your reaction to that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Losing DACA could result in job loss and humiliation","questions":"How devastating could losing DACPersonA be for A?","answer":"Devastating"}
{"text":["And I saw that with just kids I knew at public school that were gifted. A lot of them struggled as they got older because they've been told they were smart. And so when they failed, they felt let down, they felt confused, and they blamed themselves.","So I think you see that on a much grander level with a child star where they get this level of fame and success and they think that that's going to last forever because they get used to it. And as they get older it's taken away from them, and they're not sure who to blame. And they don't know how to do anything for themselves.","And almost inevitably taken away from them by a disease called adolescence.","Yes, exactly. I mean I think that child stars are - they're used, in a way, to - their cuteness is used. And a lot of child actors - I mean people often ask me, they say why were you in so many kids' movies. And one was that my mother and father believed that there weren't enough good kids' movies out there. Now, I wasn't always in the best kids' movies, but they thought that that was important. And another thing is that there can really only be so many \"To Kill A Mockingbirds\" out there."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There can only be so many award winning, great movies out there for children.","questions":"Which type of movies were important to the parents of the speaker in turn 3?","answer":"Kids"}
{"text":["It came as a bigger surprise over the last three to six months when our young scientist Robert Rohde was able to adopt really excellent statistical methods and push the record back to 1753. With such a long record, we could then separate out the signatures of solar variability, of volcanic eruptions, of El Nino and so on. And actually, to my surprise, the clear signature that really matched the rise in the data was human carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. It just matched so much better than anything else. I was just stunned.","You know, you wrote in your book, even, page 75: The evidence shows that global warming is real, and the recent analysis of our team indicates that most of it is due to humans.","(Technical difficulties). . .  And then we had these new results. I was much more cautious in the version of the book that was sent around for pre-review, and then we managed to get the new results in the new book.","You know, you've been criticized on both sides of the aisle, as they say now. I think some scientists are saying: Why did you publish - why didn't you publish it in legitimate, peer-reviewed journals first?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"we managed to get the new results in the new book\" - this implies that the results were obtained with some difficulty or effort, whereas the literal meaning would suggest that they were simply included in the new book.","questions":"Which book did the new results appear in?","answer":"book"}
{"text":["With more tariffs looming in the U. S. -China trade war, American companies are growing more pessimistic about the outlook for doing business in China. But 87% of U. S.  firms with operations in China say they still haven't moved production to another country, and they have no plans to do so. That's according to a new survey from the U. S. -China Business Council.","To find out why most plan to stay put, we've called up Jay Foreman. He's the CEO of Basic Fun. It's the toy company that makes K'Nex, Lincoln Logs, Cutetitos and Pound Puppies.","Jay Foreman, welcome.","Thank you. Glad to be here.","So I understand that currently 90% of your products are manufactured in China. Tell me why. What benefits does China offer you to base your manufacturing there?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : To find out why most plan to stay put is an implied meaning. Information from Jay Foreman will not actually reveal why the companies are not leaving. ","questions":"What is the purpose of calling up Jay Foreman?","answer":"Purpose"}
{"text":["The president's reaction, they're happy with, I think. The alt-right - Lana actually - I asked her this specifically - I said, you know, what do you think about Donald Trump?And she said, let's be honest; he's not one of our guys. We've never thought that he was one of our guys.","But the more that he does not disavow the things that they believe in and either tacitly or directly supports them, the better.","Seyward Darby - her article \"The Rise Of The Valkyries\" is published in the September issue of Harper's Magazine. Thank you so much for speaking with us.","Thank you so much for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the speaker is suggesting that the more the President fails to disavow the beliefs of the alt-right and instead supports them, the better it is for their cause. This implies that the speaker may not necessarily have positive views about the alt-right, but sees value in the President's support of their cause. The literal meaning of the words might suggest that the speaker approves of the alt-right, but the implied meaning is different.","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion on the alt-right?","answer":"Alt-right"}
{"text":["Putin has, shall we say, not excluded the possibility that he may want to run again for yet another term. He is aware that a lot of people didn't want to come - him to come back this time, even amongst with his own closest collaborators. So he is not trying to drive home the point that, you know, you get 12 years of me now. He says, we'll have to see, and for a lot of people, that's a hopeful possibility.","Ambassador Sestanovich, thanks very much.","Thanks a lot.","Stephen Sestanovich of the Council on Foreign Relations joined us by phone from here in Washington. Tomorrow, Henry Louis Gates, Jr.  on a new collection of his writings on race, culture and politics. Join us for that. I'm Neal Conan. It's the TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Putin has not excluded the possibility of running again for another term: Although Putin is not making any firm commitment, his statement suggests that he is considering running for another term in the future. This is an example of implied meaning, as Putin does not explicitly say that he will run again.","questions":"How is Putin's statement regarding running for another term described?","answer":"Implied"}
{"text":["But he knew deep inside that he did. He used to tell us that we walk - this is his quote. He used to tell us all the time. We walk on floors that we never scrubbed. We walk through doors that we never opened. I love that he never forgot where he came from.","And, speaking of beginnings, you were a white woman from Canada.","Right.","He was also known for hiring a large number of African American clerks at a time - and apparently, this is still not as common as many people. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : knew deep inside implies that a person had very strong beliefs about a topic","questions":"How did the person in turn 0 feel about the floors and doors they walked on?","answer":"scrub"}
{"text":["Well, she took a very strong stance and decided to convoke a disciplinary meeting at the headquarters of the National Front to reprimand officially and potentially exclude her father from the party he himself created 40 years ago.","She put out a statement that said, quote, \"her father seems to have entered a veritable spiral between a scorched-earth strategy and a political suicide. \"That's. . .","Yeah.",". . . Not making peace there, certainly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  B: \"her father seems to have entered a veritable spiral between a scorched-earth strategy and a political suicide.\" The statement uses a metaphorical description of the father's behavior, comparing it to a downward spiral.","questions":"How did the statement describe the father's behavior?","answer":"Spiral"}
{"text":["What are you, Lisa, most thankful for this holiday season?","I'm thankful I don't have the banks on my butt.","Does that make any sense?","It does. Do a lot of other businesses there locally that might not be affected by the baby boom - are they having a harder time?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Does that make any sense?\" - The literal meaning of this question is asking if the previous statement is logically or grammatically correct. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is questioning whether their statement was appropriate or relevant to the conversation.","questions":"How did PersonA feel about their previous statement's relevance to the conversation?","answer":"relevance"}
{"text":["And?","And it got huge. I don't know.","What happens?How does something go viral on Craigslist?I don't even know.","I don't know. I mean, I tweeted about it, and then it started getting passed around. And, you know, people started writing posts on blogs. I think someone called it, like, the most beautiful Craigslist missed connection post ever.","(Laughter) That's a very competitive category."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  the post became popular because people started sharing and reposting it on social media and blogs.","questions":"How did the post become popular?","answer":"Sharing"}
{"text":["You are a brave man. You think there's going to be any political spats at your table?","Well, the entire house becomes the table with that many people, so we won't actually have room for argument. Anybody who wants to bicker will have to go outside.","John Dickerson is the chief political correspondent for slate. com. Thanks, John, and happy Thanksgiving.","Thank you. Happy Thanksgiving to you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B is skeptical about political discussions during Thanksgiving","questions":"Which correspondent's name is mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"John"}
{"text":["Is this situation just overshadowed by other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?","I think so. I think its a challenge that, you know, Uganda is the third largest refugee-hosting country in the world now, but I think most people dont realize that. When we think about refugees, we often think about the Syria crisis, which is the world's largest. We think about people who are crossing the Mediterranean. But we're not thinking about the now almost a million people who've crossed this land border into Uganda but have also fled from South Sudan into Kenya and Ethiopia and even into Sudan.","We're also in a situation where the administration has sent very limited aid budgets to Congress. And fortunately because the commitment that Congress continues to show, they've actually rejected those steep cuts to humanitarian aid and provided strong funding - robust funding for humanitarian assistance. But we need to see that funding really get out of the bank accounts in D. C.  and get out to the ground, where it's needed.","Has Uganda been been so welcoming?The international community has thought there's relatively little reason to get involved."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Has Uganda been so welcoming? The international community has thought there's relatively little reason to get involved.  Implicated meaning: The international community perceives Uganda as being less in need of involvement or assistance, possibly due to Uganda's perceived level of hospitality or the perception that the situation doesn't require urgent attention.","questions":"Which country is the third largest refugee-hosting country in the world?","answer":"Uganda"}
{"text":["So, what I think is, at least, a part of the solution is, when we do something, to take a small group and to stay with them. I stayed with a group of girls for a year at a time for over a decade, and I did see two or three people who called me a couple of years later, Judge, I just want to tell you how well I am doing.","It's not a great answer. It's not the answer everybody wants to hear because it's not a panacea, and it's work intensive while the success rate is low, but I think it's what has to be done.","Judge, always great to talk to you.","Always.","That was News & Notes contributor, Judge Lynn Toler. She's a former municipal court judge and now hosts the syndicated television show, \"Divorce Court. \"She joined us from the studios of KJZZ in Temple, Arizona."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated. When a person looks at his watch","questions":"Which action did the person perform when a certain statement was hinted at or suggested?","answer":"Looked"}
{"text":["Well, thereafter, we may be singing Christmas carols in the Capitol. It's brinksmanship, of course. They're just trying to get everybody focused and trying to get everybody to actually vote for the basic spending bills, get Congress to do their routine business. It's not routine, though, because Republican leaders can't get enough of their members to vote for spending bills. So they need Democratic votes to get the bills across the finish line. And those come with a price tag, including, for example, the issue of the DREAMers, the. . .","Yeah.",". . . People who were brought here by their parents when the parents came to the country illegally.","And how do they breach the differences between the House and Senate bills, when the promises some Republican Senate leaders made to get the votes of, say, Susan Collins of Maine and Jeff Flake of Arizona, seem to be no longer - are not contained in the House version?And the House leaders say nope, we're not going to have them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : price tag implies there's an exchange of favors for passing bills","questions":"What does the term \"price tag\" suggest?","answer":"Exchange"}
{"text":["How big a deal is this for you, Freddie Hubbard?Is this sort of a moment of, you know, am I able to do and be what I once was or am I having to accept that time has put me in a different place?Are you sort of at that?","So much that because you have to realize at one time or another in your career when you get a little older, you can't do the things that you did before. Now, it's been very hard for me to accept that. I never - I felt like - I always felt like I could blow it and nothing would never happen until this happened. So now, it's - no matter how hard I practice, it just seem like I can't do the plays I did. But people tell me, they say, man, you don't have to prove nothing. All you have to do is play good enough to get your point across because you're not going to play like - I'm not going to play like I did when you played those earlier records. And I'm just - it's hard for me to accept that, you know, all I want is young (unintelligible) getting off on me, you know.","Let's go back to 1964. This is \"Breaking Point. \"","See, I was trying to play like a saxophone."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : How important is this for the person and also they want to know if they are different now that they are older.","questions":"Which year was mentioned when PersonB said \"Let's go back to 1964\"?","answer":"1964"}
{"text":["Good morning. You've talked to some serious names in this investigation - Carter Page, Trump's former foreign policy adviser. You've talked to a woman who was Paul Manafort's travel partner to the Ukraine. I'm curious, just on a professional level, how did you get the access?","Variety of ways - a little bit of trading information, a little bit of looking up emails and cold calling people and just - I don't know - general doggedness, I guess.","Yeah. What is the conversation like?Hi, I'm Jeff Jetton, reporter from Toki Underground ramen shop?","I don't really describe myself. I don't have a - I don't label myself really. I've done some interviewing in the past and just, you know, strike up a general conversation with people usually in sort of a casual environment. And for some reason, usually, people will talk to me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Hi, I'm Jeff Jetton, reporter from Toki Underground ramen shop?\" has a figurative meaning as it is a humorous and self-deprecating way of asking how the interviewer approaches sources and gets access to information. It is not a literal statement of the interviewer's identity or profession.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of \"Hi, I'm Jeff Jetton, reporter from Toki Underground ramen shop?\"?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":["But what he did is he went out and explained the policy to the public and rationalized it, basically provided the sort of intellectual underpinnings for Greenspan's policies in two important areas. One, that they shouldn't target speculative bubbles, so that justified not doing anything about the housing market. And two, arguing that there was what they referred to as a global savings glut, which justified a big spending binge in the United States.","The argument was that China doesn't spend enough. The rest of Asia doesn't spend enough. If the world economy is not going to go into recession, it's up to the American consumer to keep demand up. So we shouldn't worry too much if American saving rates is zero and America's on a spending binge.","In retrospect, both of those arguments, you know, seem to be if not completely wrong, certainly very questionable given where they got us. And Bernanke, you know, played an important role in coming up with them. So sure, he's partly responsible for the Greenspan policies. But not totally, as I say. Greenspan was the senior policy maker.","Now in retrospect, it was just a few months ago, but still it seems like a long time ago. A lot of people are saying that the decision that Bernanke and Paulson made to let Lehman Brothers fail was really key because that really led to the credit markets freezing up. And so, why did Bernanke, why did he decide to let Lehman go under?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Bernanke rationalized Greenspan's policies even though they were questionable","questions":"What did Bernanke do to Greenspan's policies?","answer":"Rationalized"}
{"text":["Right, and how ironically that they were announced during Small Business Week - (laughter) - on top of everything else.","I didn't know that it was a Small Business Week. Tiffany, what is your best-selling luggage line there?","Right. Well, we - kind of the example I've used is, you know, so if we had a piece of luggage on our store that was at $400 and, you know, has now gone up to $440, but that $400 piece of luggage goes up to $500, then that becomes a really big price jump.","So how are you feeling?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer","questions":"Which turn suggests a difference between the actual meaning and the original meaning?","answer":"turn2"}
{"text":["The main concern is retaliation. We go back to a period where countries didn't coordinate. That was very much the case in the 1930s. If I slap a tariff on you, you don't like that, and you slap a tariff on me, and we're both worse off. That's why after World War II, we had multilateral negotiations to get rid of that problem.","And now we are at risk of going back to the previous period during the Great Depression when people didn't coordinate their trade policy and everyone ended up being worse off. And I think that's the concern. The international architecture, the institutional framework for doing trade policy might just break down, and it might become much more national or bilateral.","Professor Dennis Novy of the University of Warwick, thank you so much for speaking with us.","My pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Countries imposing tariffs on each other leads to mutual harm, hence the need for multilateral negotiations","questions":"Which problem led to the need for multilateral negotiations after World War II?","answer":"Tariffs"}
{"text":["Correct. But writ large, this is not going to have the sort of change that the authors of the memo anticipate it will have because mandatory detention ability is useless without beds. All of the detention beds are already full. And the only way there would be new beds is if the Congress authorized new beds, and that was a massive fight in the last appropriations bill. There's no reason to think that that massive fight will move any further in this appropriations bill.","Right. Now, you're a member of an advisory council for the Department of Homeland Security that issues recommendations to the department on various issues. Last night, your group issued a set of emergency actions that DHS should take immediately to address the flow of migrants at the border. And this was one of the concerns you flagged - that there aren't enough asylum officers, judges or even buildings to process all the migrants.","Correct. That's exactly right. I think if you have two alternatives, one - on one side is a border wall of 2,000 miles and a massive deprivation of rights, which is sort of one way of solving this, and another extreme on the other end, which is do nothing and continue to allow the situation that's happening now to increase in numbers.","A compromise in the middle would be do not diminish the rights people have but expedite the consideration of what we're ultimately trying to consider. And I think that is right down the middle. You know, zero to a hundred, that's right there at 50 of what, maybe, can be a bipartisan compromise."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"writ large\" - This phrase means \"on a large scale\" or \"as a general principle,\" rather than referring to something that is physically written in large letters.","questions":"What does \"writ large\" mean?","answer":"Large"}
{"text":["Housing is just one part of the economy in dire need of help. There's also the banks. Last week, the Treasury Department unveiled its approach to help troubled banks, and Wall Street didn't take so kindly to that plan. Joining us now to discuss what's ahead for the nation's banks is Nobel Prized-winning economist and Columbia University Professor Joseph Stiglitz. Welcome back to the program, and if you could start off by reminding us what this plan entails and what your thoughts are about it.","Well, part of the reason the market reacted so badly was it wasn't sure what it entailed. There were so many gaps that no one is very sure. When aspect of that was that they were going to use private hedge funds and others to buy off the assets from the banks. So they're going to lend money with a (unintelligible), lend money, presumably, to the hedge funds to buy the bad assets off the banks, but the hedge funds won't do this unless there are some reduction in risk, which means the taxpayers are going to wind up paying doubly.","One, you have to compensate the hedge funds for their money and for the risk, and then we wind up bearing the majority of the risk in any case.","And you basically called this a zero sum game?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the taxpayers are going to wind up paying doubly implies that the money given to the hedge funds to buy the bad assets wouldn't happen unless a reduction in risk occurred which is the taxpayers providing the funding through extra taxes.","questions":"Which group is expected to provide the funding for the hedge funds to buy off the bad assets from banks?","answer":"Taxpayers"}
{"text":["And then I decided to come out. Now it's been going on several hours. I'm several streets away from the Champs-Elysees, Scott, but the people - it's like it's the second revolution coming because people are turning over - they're building barricades in the street. We're still - we've got helicopters overhead. They're still firing tear gas. And everyone around me is wearing a yellow vest.","Now, fuel prices have gone up - I have read, I think - 23 percent over the past year. And protesters blame the government for this.","Well, the government - the French pay some of the highest gas prices in the world, like, about more than $6 a gallon, Scott. And the government says it's going to raise the taxes again in January to finance the transition to an ecological economy - you know, more environmentally friendly fuels.","And, you know, for people who have to drive to work - blue-collar workers, just everyday people - this is outrageous. They say they can't make it anymore, so they've come out into the street. And, Scott, this movement has no leaders. There are no unions behind it. There are housewives. There are retirees - regular people. There are people who have never protested before. So it's turned into a movement. No one knows where it's going to go now."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : GOVERNMENT HAS INCREASED GAS PRICE SO PROTESTER  BLAMING THE GOVERNMENT","questions":"Which issue sparked the protest in France?","answer":"Gas"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News and Notes. If a child commits a crime, even a serious one, should they go through the same justice system, and pay the same price as an adult?That's just one of a host of issues surrounding juvenile justice. Today is part of our ongoing series on criminal justice.","We look at how kids end up behind bars, and what other options judges have when faced with a young offender. For more, we have Carole Shauffer, executive director of the Youth Law Center. Welcome Carole.","Thank you. Welcome.","So, let's start with a little scenario. There is a 16 year old and his friend, who go into a convenient store. They ask for money. The clerk says no. The friend shoots the clerk. If the 16-year-old is arrested and charged, what are some of the possible paths that the justice system could take, with the person who was not the shooter, but who was part of this crime?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"possible paths\" - This is a literal expression referring to different options or courses of action that could be taken.","questions":"How would you describe the \"possible paths\" mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Options"}
{"text":["Thank you. I - so each morning in my newsletter, I include the schedules for all of the 2020 presidential candidates. And so I'm kind of, you know, kind of scouring the Web to make sure that I can keep on top of all of them. And on Wednesday night, I stumbled upon a Facebook post from a county party in Iowa announcing that de Blasio would be coming there for the first stop on his presidential announcement tour. And that rings alarm bells since he hadn't announced yet. And so I tweeted out and was able to kind of pre-empt his announcement.","That is a huge scoop. And it's great sleuthing. I mean, it's amazing attention to detail. And you also put out your news on the same day you were taking a four-hour Advanced Placement exam, which is extraordinary. That must have been a lot of work.","It was. It was a big day, for sure.","You have been writing this newsletter since you were 9 years old. I mean, you've clearly been a journalism junkie for a long time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It was not a scoop but a finding out of information that could be shared with others.","questions":"What did PersonA stumble upon while scouring the web that caused alarm bells to ring?","answer":"Facebook-post"}
{"text":["Well, about five years ago, when we started the project, it was actually the internal project name, and we had a series of scientists and engineers trying to think about how we could make glass tougher, more resistant to damage. And someone in the room just threw it out and said gorilla, and it stuck, and it became the product name.","And tell us about the history. Wasn't Corning experimenting with a super-tough glass back in the '60s?","Yeah, we sure were. Back in the early '60s, we had a product that we actually launched called Chemcor. The basic principles of trying to strengthen glass were the same, but we were targeting different applications to include automotive and safety glasses.","And so why is it not in automotive and safety glass?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The name 'gorilla' was not related to gorillas at all.","questions":"Which internal project name stuck and became the product name?","answer":"Gorilla"}
{"text":["Well, we'll have to wait and see. The purpose, obviously, is to send a signal that those members of the armed forces that choose to work with the opposition, if they are under sanctions, will have those sanctions lifted. And those who might be facing sanctions would not face them if they chose to work with the opposition. We're going to have to wait and see how that's received.","How important is the support that this government has received from Cuba, and Russia and maybe other countries, as well?","It's important. On the Cuban side, some of the support has been exaggerated in terms of numbers. But without a doubt, the support they provide in the area of counterintelligence has been critical to. . .","They send intelligence agents to help work the streets of Caracas, or wherever."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is not yet known how the sanctions will be received","questions":"How will the opposition benefit from working with members of the armed forces?","answer":"Sanctions"}
{"text":["How close is it?","It's about three parsecs away, about 12 light-years away, something like that.","So if there is intelligent life on that planet, and I'm just speculating here, it would be possible to communicate with them in real time almost, right, a lifetime, at least one person's lifetime if they could signal back and forth in 12 light-years?","Well, and that's the reason that studying these nearest stars is so interesting. If you have a chance of contacting any intelligent beings on these things, you could have a two-way conversation easily within a lifetime around these nearest stars."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Studying the nearest stars is interesting because it increases the chances of contacting intelligent beings","questions":"What increases the chances of contacting intelligent beings?","answer":"studying"}
{"text":["When an American missionary was killed on a remote Indian Island last year, people around the world treated it as a punchline. John Allen Chau had been trying to reach members of an isolated and protected tribe to convert them to Christianity. The people of North Sentinel Island had fired arrows at him in warning, and on his third attempt to visit the island, they killed him. In the latest issue of Outside magazine, Alex Perry investigates what led Chau on this mission, and he joins us now. Welcome to ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","Thanks for having me, Ari.","You say there were members of Chau's circle, family and friends of his, who have kept quiet since his death in November. And they only talked to you because you'd had a similar obsession with these islands when you were younger. But you didn't approach the island as a missionary. Tell us about your experience.","No, I was a journalist, a foreign correspondent based in India. And it was one of the first stories I heard when I got to India. This anthropologist I met, Vishvajet Pandya, told me about essentially a Neolithic tribe - or, in fact, several tribes living on these islands. And it was just such a sort of fantastical idea. I became quite obsessed by getting out there and particularly when I heard that one of the tribesmen had spent six months in a hospital and had learned Hindi, so there was a way to communicate."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when something is remote in this context means its deep in the countryside and far away from cities","questions":"What was John Allen Chau's mission on North Sentinel Island?","answer":"Christianity"}
{"text":["Four. Four. We have two children.","You're a fam of four. And you are in the hospital, all four of you?","Were in the hospital, yes.","So what do you plan to do when the storm stops?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asking if all family members are in the hospital","questions":"How many family members are in the hospital?","answer":"Four"}
{"text":["What are his legal and PR teams trying to achieve by releasing audio conversations or snippets of them with Donald trump and apparently claiming that Trump knew in advance of that Trump Tower meeting with a group of Russians?","Well, I have to say, Scott, I think that's pretty much a mystery to a lot of people. Most criminal defense lawyers and former prosecutors can't. . .",". . . That I've spoken to can't make sense of it. It's a very, very unusual situation.","We're getting some bad audio - either that or a Martian craft has landed over your shoulder, so you might want to take a look, in which case we really got a big story to work on."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Bob cannot understand the reasoning behind the release of audio conversations with Trump","questions":"What is Bob's confusion regarding the audio conversations?","answer":"Reasoning"}
{"text":["So, you know, Emily, when your sister is in and out of the hospital, and you're bringing her books, you talk about teaching her about emotions. Can you just give an example of what you mean by that?Like, what is a conversation you had to have with your sister?","Well, it mostly happened, like, your emotions are biological events that happen in your body. It's physiological, real. Emotions are not just in your head. They are all over your body, in your chemistry. So she's reading these books, and she sees the word rage on the page and spontaneously bursts into sobs. And she calls me on the phone, and is like, your book here says that feelings are physical.","I was like, you're a choral conductor who expresses emotion through your body. You practice yoga. And she still, sort of, had not put it together that just because you've dealt with the stressors, that doesn't mean that you've dealt with the physical event of the stress in your body.","One of the lessons in your book is about completing the stress cycle. I loved this analogy of yours, this idea of a lion. Explain the concept of completing the stress cycle through the lion, Emily."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Managing stress requires dealing with its physical effects on the body.","questions":"Which concept did Emily explain through the analogy of a lion?","answer":"Stress"}
{"text":["Several of them. I mean, Espanola had only 14 individuals left in the 1960s, and then it was 12 females and two males. A third male was found in the San Diego Zoo and brought back to Galapagos (unintelligible) 1975. And there have now been about 2,000 young tortoises released back to that island through the reproduction program at the tortoise center here on Santa Cruz.","The same holds true for several of the other populations. I would say many of the populations are out of danger. But we're still, given the exploitation from the 1800s, the total tortoise population of Galapagos is still about 10 to 20 percent of the original population. So we have a long way to go to bring them back to the original populations.","A couple of questions tweeted and asked by listeners of the same ilk, saying: Would it be possible to clone him?","OK, this is an interesting thing, and we are trying to save some of Lonesome George's tissues, cells. Cloning in reptiles has really not been developed at all, and we're doing - a few mammals seem to be doing OK, but in general the technology, the methodology to actually clone reptiles is decades away.","So hopefully they will be able to maintain cells as in cryogenics, and who knows in the future, but at the moment, it would be impossible."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"out of danger\" - This implies that the populations of the tortoises are no longer threatened or endangered, rather than just not in immediate danger.","questions":"How are the populations of the tortoises in Galapagos?","answer":"Not,Endangered"}
{"text":["You've been on this beat for a while.","I have, a decade or so.","Any - ever seen anything like it?","Wow. I think this is a story I will tell the grandkids about covering."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Anything like it\" is a rhetorical question implying if the speaker has ever seen a similar situation as this one before. ","questions":"What kind of story is PersonA going to tell the grandkids about covering?","answer":"Memorable"}
{"text":["The United Nation says it's made an agreement that will gradually release 3,000 child soldiers from an armed group in South Sudan. The children are between 11 and 17 years of age. They have spent their childhoods fighting and killing for a group called the South Sudan Democratic Army Cobra faction. Jonathan Veitch, UNICEF's South Sudan representative, says these children have been forced to do and see things that no child should ever experience. Sudan has a long history of civil war and using children for war. Only a few of the thousands of children who get captured and dragged into the conflict manage to escape. Emmanuel Jal did. He's now an actor and musician in Toronto, who had a role in last year's film \"The Good Lie. \"He was 8 years old when he became a child soldier.","Most of us have seen our homes burned down, have seen terrible things happen. So, I mean, I witness one of my aunt raped in our home area. And witnessing and seeing my home village burned down and then when we're told that I'm going to be given skills and a gun to fight the people who did that to my homeland, there was not much for me to be convinced.","What was life for you like as a child soldier?","It's hell seeing 6, 7 years old burying their own dead. Nobody's going to give them questions when they're beginning to ask questions. Simple questions - why are we here?Where's my mommy?That's when you get to know, like, these are children sometimes when the terrible things happen."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The children in the war had to face and endure many difficult and tragic things.","questions":"Which word describes the experience of the child soldiers?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. There's a big bank on trial, but this one's not on Wall Street. The Arab Bank based in Jordan is being tried in New York federal court. They've been accused of funneling tens of millions of dollars to the families of suicide bombers and terrorists who are affiliated with Hamas. The trial will determine whether the bank should be liable for attacks that killed Americans between 2001 and 2004. Jessica Silver-Greenberg is a business reporter for The New York Times and has been covering the story. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me.","Tell us please about the plaintiffs - in this case, survivors and families of people who were harmed in terrorist attacks?","So the plaintiffs in the case - there are almost 300 plaintiffs. And they represent those who were killed, injured or had a family member killed in 24 Hamas attacks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of a particular tone or inflection may suggest a certain attitude or emotion, such as sarcasm, excitement, anger, or sadness, which can provide additional context or subtext to the words being spoken.","questions":"Which emotion is the PersonA's tone and inflection suggesting when discussing the plaintiffs in the case?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Well, I think that where journalists and correspondents tend to stray into trouble is when they use metaphor. For instance, using words like blank slate. They tend to sort of overlook the fact that there are more than 600,000 people still living here.","Yeah, that's a pretty crowded slate. What about when you see a phrase like urban settlers?","Well, that sets off all kinds of unpleasant associations. You're talking about the process of colonization in a metaphoric sense. And typically, the people who are colonized tend to see their culture and their land and, you know, their identity despoiled.","Putting Detroit on the map."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Crowded slate\" implies that the city of Detroit is becoming crowded with people,","questions":"What does the phrase \"crowded slate\" suggest about Detroit?","answer":"Crowded"}
{"text":["Does either party see political damage in permitting a shutdown?","Nobody wants a shutdown. I do believe that's true, although I do think that on this issue - more than a lot of issues - that passions are really high because it's not just talking about fiscal policy or some other thing. We're talking about human lives. And human lives are at stake, and families are at stake. So it's not going to be an easy puzzle to solve.","NPR's congressional correspondent Susan Davis, thanks so much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The issue being discussed involves human lives and families, making it emotionally charged and difficult to solve.","questions":"What makes the issue emotionally charged?","answer":"Human"}
{"text":["Again, I don't sign off on absolutely everything Nancy Pelosi, Donald Trump, Mitch McConnell, Chuck Schumer or Kevin McCarthy may tweet or declare. I don't. I'm not the endorser of anyone. And I have pushed back on statements that I do believe do exacerbate the very climate and culture that I just referenced. Indeed. But to put the onus exclusively on the president when on the other side of the aisle there are calls of uber-racism and absolutely. . .","When has Nancy Pelosi ever told anybody to go back where they came from?","No, Nancy Pelosi hasn't told anyone to come back where they came from. But there have been policies and exacerbated hyperbole in rhetoric as it pertains to statements made on both sides - Democrats and Republicans - that have led to this sort of climate. So to put the onus exclusively on the president would not be fair. Are there things the president has stated or tweeted that I have disagreed with?Absolutely. But the same thing on the other side of the aisle.","What do you see as your role in the days ahead?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker believes that blaming only the president for the current political climate would not be fair since both parties have contributed to it (score: 4)","questions":"How has both parties contributed to the current political climate?","answer":"Both"}
{"text":["As any historian will tell you, history is a living thing. And there's always a debate over how events can be interpreted and understood. Poland recently has gone a step further, legislating how to talk about one of the darkest periods in its history.","We are in a moment when we decide about how we're going to teach about and remember the Holocaust in the future.","Anna Sommer Schneider is a professor of Jewish civilization at Georgetown. This past week, the country's president signed a law that would punish anyone who suggests Poland was complicit in the Holocaust. Critics, including Israel and the U. S.  State Department, say the law will stifle discussion about those atrocities and cover up the role of Poles who killed or denounced Jews during World War II. For Schneider, this debate is personal. In 1977, she was born in the same town as Poland's most infamous concentration camp.","Despite the fact that I was born and raised literally in the shadows of the gas chambers, there was very little information available for me at that time - what Auschwitz really was."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The law punishing those who suggest Poland was complicit in the Holocaust will stifle discussion about atrocities and cover up the role of Poles who killed or denounced Jews during World War II.","questions":"Which law will stifle discussion about atrocities and cover up the role of Poles during World War II?","answer":"Stifle."}
{"text":[". . . and copied the symbols that most closely resembled the text. And we had a friend who lived across the street who was an artist, and he helped me translate it into proper copy. And then we resubmitted it to Stan.","And Stan was stuck.","And so he smiled, accepted defeat, and this became the first page of this book.","All right, so this came to light recently because Stanley Fischer was head of the Bank of Israel, and he's nominated to be vice chairman of the U. S.  Federal Reserve. Somebody got the idea that it was about time to find out what this is all about, I gather.","Somebody thought - somebody in my team thought that it would be fun to actually put this as a challenge, and basically promised a prize to whoever would be able to make sense of that page."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 3: Stan accepted the challenge and was happy to see the result of it.  2: Stan was frustrated or overwhelmed","questions":"Which emotion did Stan show after accepting the challenge?","answer":"Happy"}
{"text":["And not to make any comparisons, but I seem to recall that there was a time when J. Crew was a catalog retailer - didn't have any real stores. And now, of course, they've got plenty of them in addition to a very ambitious online retail site.","Absolutely. The way that I've thought about these Shopify stores is they're undoubtedly strange because they're new, but their model is fundamentally not that different from, like, a big corporate enterprise. It's just that the tools have democratized the ability for people to tap into the globalized economy. And so before, it took the idea of having a supply chain and having all these people who would know factory owners in China and all these other kinds of things - that took a lot of infrastructure.","What these tools have done is eliminate the need for all that infrastructure. And so now it's this alternative way into what is a real thing about our economy, which is that many, many of the goods that we all purchase are made in Asian factories and are sold to us at a very high markup from their production costs.","So where's the coat now, may I ask?","It's hanging up in my closet, kind of towards the back - in there with the things that are too small for me to fit into now (laughter). But I'll bring it out at some point, I'm sure. Everyone needs a coat like that, you know, maybe for gardening or something."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Many goods are made in Asian factories and sold to consumers at high markups.","questions":"Which factories are responsible for producing many goods sold to consumers at high markups?","answer":"Asian"}
{"text":["But so. . . .","So I tried to do it. And, you know, I had like - I had some - added some, like, champagne yeast or something, this grape juice that I got. And it fermented, and it was alcoholic. But I - and I bottled it to carbonate. I'm looking at it, lightly shaking it, looking for, like, little bubbles. This was early and - in fermentation days. And I'm like, man, I think it's a dud; I don't think it worked, you know?And I go - I just literally went to go flip it. And as soon as I touched it, ba-ba-boom (ph). The whole thing, it turned into like - into sand. You know, it just, like, misted. There was red faux lambrusco on the ceiling, on the floor, a little microcut on my face from the glass. Chris was shellshocked - took him two days to talk.","It seriously turned to sand?That's what will happen?","Well, no. But, I mean, it just like - there was not - it, like, vaporized.","It vaporized."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B: \"It seriously turned to sand? That's what will happen?\" The literal meaning of B's question suggests that A's beverage actually transformed into sand. However, B is using a figurative expression to emphasize the unexpected and surprising outcome of A's experiment. B is not asking about the literal transformation into sand, but rather expressing disbelief or astonishment.","questions":"How did PersonB react to PersonA's story?","answer":"Astonished"}
{"text":["I could live there. But, you know, as things stand now, it's difficult for me to live there because, you know, in Cape Town - Cape Town is a cosmopolitan city now. I mean, it has been cosmopolitan city for many, many years. Mogadishu has stopped being a cosmopolitan city. It was a cosmopolitan city many years ago - one of the most celebrated cosmopolitan cities. I can imagine living in Somalia, but it has - Somalia has to change. I have changed and therefore Somalia must change. And that would be the case if one, there was peace. Two, if I could live anonymously which is not possible all the time, but it could be. And then if there are book shops and cultural, you know, stuff that one can do and get involved in. There is no such thing now. Civil war dominates everything and one's everyday life in Somalia, which is quite tragic. Well, this is not the life I would like to live.","Nuruddin Farah. His new novel: \"Hiding In Plain Sight. \"","Thank you so much for being with us.","My pleasure, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In this context, \"My pleasure\" is a polite response to thank someone for the opportunity to speak or participate in something, and it does not convey an actual feeling of pleasure. Similarly, \"Thank you\" in this context is not an expression of gratitude, but rather a polite way to acknowledge the conversation or interaction coming to an end.","questions":"What does \"My pleasure\" in turn 3 imply?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["Sure. I'm glad you mention that. So that is coming through subpoenas to the reporters to reveal the names of their sources. So it's not a direct prosecution of those reporters. But they are - you know, as you mentioned with Judith Miller, it can amount to jail time if the reporter refuses to testify.","So what's happening is that they are being called to testify in the case against the leakers. And when they refuse to do so, they're in contempt of court, and they may face jail time.","That's exactly right. And that is much more acceptable. I should add that under Attorney General Holder - after the James Risen subpoena where James Risen was told he had to testify and refused, the U. S.  government did not push him to testify. They obtained a conviction anyway, and Holder shortly thereafter announced that, under his watch, no reporter would go to jail for doing his job. It remains to be seen whether that same policy would be in place under the Sessions Department of Justice. Everything he's said indicates that he will not follow that policy.","Meaning that he and the Trump administration may indeed prosecute journalists. We've heard Trump himself and other Republicans raising the possibility of prosecuting journalists. Do you think that there is - that that is a possibility?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Journalists may face jail time for refusing to testify against leakers.","questions":"How may journalists be punished for not testifying against leakers?","answer":"Jail"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . Or if you're sad about the way it ended but also want to be outside at the same time, not in front of a TV, this is the perfect time to pick up \"Wolf Hall. \"Now, I know. . .","A throwback.",". . . That sounds a little crazy. But - it's a throwback, but remember, the third one is coming out in 2020, in March of 2020. They just announced it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's implying that it resembles something old that was discarded and now returned.","questions":"What is the book mentioned by A?","answer":"WolfHall"}
{"text":["And I took it a few steps further and then did research and found that it wasn't that uncommon for people who were related to, you know, Russian immigrants or children of Muslims or practicing Muslims to experience racism in high school afterwards. It tends to be that people are looking for someone to blame.","Let me ask about Rez's relationship with Fatima - sort of begins as a crush. He tutors her in chemistry. And then the chemistry takes over, if you catch my (laughter) - my drift. They're equally brilliant, too. What are they seeing each other?","I think Rez is at the point where he's realize that the American idea of himself is not going to pan out. And he looks to Fatima, and he sees her. And she has never had an American idea of herself. She's had an idea of herself as belonging to her family and belonging to sort of a Middle Eastern subculture in Southern California and staying within the clan.","And he looks to her and sees the ways in which this brings her strength. She doesn't try to have American friends or be an American teenage girl. And this makes her endlessly fascinating to him."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) implies that Rez is drawn to the strength that comes from Fatima's cultural identity and her refusal to conform to American teenage norms.","questions":"Which characteristic of Fatima draws Rez to her?","answer":"Refusal"}
{"text":["What I can tell you is that they are very interested in immigration. They are very concerned about the numbers of people who have been crossing the border in recent months, and they feel like Congress isn't giving the president what he wants. You know, I've been talking to voters both here and in the area yesterday. And I'd ask people - you know, what is the most important issue to you?And again and again and again, they brought up immigration.","Describe the scene for us there in Orlando. I know people have been camping out for this rally. What's the atmosphere like?","It's this, you know, festival atmosphere that often pops up around a Trump rally. There were people lined up, as you say. I came out at 8 o'clock this morning and walked around, and the line was very, very, very long. And then it turned into Woodstock because there was a massive thunderstorm - I mean, just an unbelievable thunderstorm and lightning and thunder. And there was a sign that went up on a big electronic board that said, we encourage you to take shelter. No one took shelter. Everybody stayed exactly where they were in line as mud just built up around them on the ground. They weren't about to get out of line.","OK. This is the mud part of Woodstock, not the free lover, psychedelics part of Woodstock."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People are concerned about immigration, not just interested.","questions":"How are people feeling about immigration?","answer":"Concerned"}
{"text":["That's true. Actually, the crime rate in Norway isn't really that high, so the police helicopter is actually more of a surveillance helicopter. It doesn't really carry people. But there is, as you found out, afterwards, there is a kind of - or should be a kind of co-working between the police and the air force, which didn't. . .","Didn't work, yeah.",". . . as it should (unintelligible). And there are also, on different areas, a lot of other routines that really didn't work as they were set up to be, so there had been a lot of criticism. And I think very much on the political side has changed and will change in the months and years to come because of what happened.","One, final question. In his manifesto, Breivik claimed to be the commander of a group of extremists in Europe. He called them the Knights Templar. Any evidence of that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - B is implying that Breivik's claims may not be true, even though it is not explicitly stated.","questions":"What is PersonB questioning about Breivik's claims?","answer":"Breivik's"}
{"text":["Yeah, I believe there's a certainty of it. I started out my career as a journalist covering races in Mississippi, and every year people would try to give black people bad information, and we at the local black newspaper would find ourselves, you know, working with the NAACP, trying to get out good information. They would go through black neighborhoods and pass out flyers saying don't forget to vote on Wednesday, for instance. I'm sure that tactic, which is one of the tried and true, will be tried again somewhere in this country.","Well, Benjamin Jealous, thank you so much.","Thank you. It's a real pleasure.","Benjamin Jealous is the president of the NAACP."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to cover something in this context means to report on something","questions":"Which organization did the local black newspaper work with in order to get out good information?","answer":"NAACP"}
{"text":["You know, that's when you've really, really been out there a little too long. But that's kind of what it takes. If you want to try to shake eight million hands, you better be ready mentally as well as physically.","Mayor Bloomberg leaves office a national figure, and reportedly the 10th richest man in America. What's he want to do with the rest of his life?Do you have any inkling?","He's given some clues. I mean, one clue that he's given is that he wants to give away all of his money. That aside from taking care of his family, he wants to spend the last dollar on the day that he dies. And he probably doesn't mean that literally, but his pet causes, which are public health and gun control above all, he really has put quite a lot of money into trying to make sure those views are carried forward. And where this is all supposed to lead, assuming the White House is off-limits, is just not clear. But we do know that Mike Bloomberg would have loved to be president, and if ever a chance comes up in the next few years, he will probably take that shot.","Errol Louis, host of \"The Road to City Hall\" on NY1, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He will not take an actual shot but will try to become president if he gets the chance.","questions":"Which pet causes does Mike Bloomberg prioritize?","answer":"Gun-control"}
{"text":["I don't even want to repeat them. They were so unfair. They were essentially stigmatizing him, someone that we consider very naturally for good reasons as to be highly, highly unacceptable such as anti-Semitism. And I think the arguments that were made by some of the people who attacked him were essentially based on that. That was really scandalous. And I'm pleased to see that the majority of the Jewish community, which is moderate and decent, doesn't identify itself with this.","Nevertheless, there are legitimate questions to be asked, and you raised several of them yourself, about, well, how they should think about the possibility of a strike on Iran. I have to say, in recent weeks, the alarm bells have quieted a bit. You quoted, though, some in the Israeli media as quoting a former national security council member of the Obama team, saying there could be an American strike on Iran by the middle of this year.","That's correct. There has been talk to that effect. And I suspect, and rather expect, that these issues will come up in the course of the discussion. But in any case, the people that he's choosing to serve him are people with the experience, with a strategic perspective. But ultimately, he, the president, will be the decision-maker.","So I don't think that one has to expect that everyone chosen by him has to agree in every respect with every single aspect of the past policies that we have had, that he wants people who can think independently and give an independent advice, which he will then accept or reject, as president - as commander in chief."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The alarm bells have quieted a bit - means things are not as hectic as they have been up until now ","questions":"How have the alarm bells been in recent weeks?","answer":"Quiet"}
{"text":["Sure, Scott.","Russia's been taking over bases in Crimea all this week following the referendum. Was this expected?Were there any signs of resistance, near as you can tell?","There were signs of resistance. So, just to give you a sense, so this was an airbase - the tarmac area was taken weeks ago. That was in the initial occupation by Russian forces. This part of the base is where the soldiers and the pilots lived, and lived with their families. There were houses, apartments right around there. So not a strategic area but certainly symbolic. And all these bases had a deadline of yesterday. This base missed that deadline; they had an ultimatum of today to evacuate the base or be stormed.","Significantly, this was one of the few bases that did announce their intention to fight. We're not sure what that would lead to, whether it would lead to death. And this is all because of the commander. Very interesting guy named Yuli Montir(ph), who became famous for a YouTube video that he put up, saying that he'd stand until he heard from Kiev, which has not given any information to these soldiers as to what they're supposed to do. Whether they're supposed to evacuate, evacuate or fight. And so when the Russians did come, it was very expected. They came today and the attack was very swift. Military people describe it as very professional. It was clearly designed to minimize casualties, and it seems to have done so. In fact, an ambulance followed the tank that crashed open the gate today."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. The speaker is describing the attack on the military base mentioned in (3). The attack was swift and professional, designed to minimize casualties. The fact that an ambulance followed the tank that crashed open the gate implies that the Russians were prepared for possible injuries or casualties, and were taking steps to minimize them.","questions":"Which vehicle followed the tank that crashed open the gate during the attack?","answer":"Ambulance"}
{"text":["Thank you.","What's your concern?Why did you write this letter?","America is an exceptional country, the best in the world. But we have our blind spots. And in our history, you'll see discrimination against Asian-Americans. We've had the Chinese Exclusion Act, Alien Land Laws and then, in World War II, we interned over 100,000 Americans who happened to be of Japanese descent. And recently, we have a number of Asian-Americans that have been arrested - indicted for alleged spying - and then having all those charges dropped. And this is a long history of discrimination. We want to make sure that this does not keep recurring.","Of course, as I don't have to tell you, it is a fact that Chinese hackers have been accused of stealing intellectual property from U. S.  businesses and breaching U. S.  government systems. That's a concern for you, too?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Of course, as I don't have to tell you, it is a fact that Chinese hackers have been accused of stealing intellectual property from U.S. businesses and breaching U.S. government systems. That's a concern for you, too?  The actual meaning of this turn is to subtly imply that the previous speaker (A) should also be concerned about the actions of Chinese hackers and their impact on U.S. businesses and government systems. It implies that the issue raised by A should not be seen in isolation but should consider the broader context of national security and potential threats.","questions":"How does PersonB suggest that PersonA should view the issue?","answer":"Broader"}
{"text":["Thursday is our day to look at the world of sports, and the world is, indeed, looking at sports this week by way of the Olympics in Beijing. But what are the prospects for American athletes?Here to help us with that is New York Times sports columnist, Bill Rhoden. Hey, Bill.","Mr.  WILLIAM C.  RHODEN (Sports Columnist, New York Times; Author, \"Forty Million Dollar Slaves: The Rise, Fall, and Redemption of the Black Athlete\"): The great Tony Cox, how're you doing, man?","I'm doing great. You know what?Here's my question to you about the Olympics. You know, we know that Yao Ming carried the Olympic torch through the gates of the Forbidden City. We know that Michael Phelps, Allyson Felix, are some big stars. We are hoping for things from them. We're hoping for things from the U. S. A.  men's basketball team. Here's my question. Is America really interested in the Olympics?Are people going to watch?","Well, there's always - and just as a caveat, I mean, the Olympics were always sort of my favorite sporting event, because I do think it's - you know, you've got people who've just trained for this one moment for four years. So, that's great. But you know, having covered about four or five of them, you know, sometimes you're over there and you're like, is anybody reading this stuff, you know?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite potential lack of interest, the Olympics are still a significant event.","questions":"Which event does the speaker consider their favorite?","answer":"Olympics."}
{"text":[". . . Entities. . .","Correct.",". . . Like - nongovernmental groups like terrorist organizations.","Yeah, the terrorist organizations or. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Continuing the discussion on non-governmental entities, particularly terrorist organizations","questions":"Which type of non-governmental entities were discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"non-governmental"}
{"text":["It's a common complaint about poetry. It's the oldest form of expression, but what can it do for us now in an age of social media, Twitter, Facebook and national urgency?Poet Claudia Rankine's new collection, her fifth, has an answer. Its cover shows a black hoodie against a white background, recalling Trayvon Martin. And it's a very personal meditation on race in America. The book is called \"Citizen: An American Lyric. \"It was a finalist for the National Book Award. Claudia Rankine joins us now. Thank you, welcome to the program.","Good morning, Eric. Thank you for having me.","Before we chat, I want to give listeners a sense of your book. It reads like a series of kind of diary entries, so to speak, and an anatomy of encounters with perceived racism. I'd like you to read, if you would. Could you start \"You Are In The Dark\"?","Sure. (Reading) You're in the dark, in the car, watching the black, tarred street being swallowed by speed. He tells you his dean is making him hire a person of color when there are so many great writers out there. You think maybe this is an experiment, and you're being tested or retroactively insulted or you have done something that communicates this is an OK conversation to be having. Why do you feel comfortable saying this to me?You wish the light would turn red or a police siren would go off so you could slam on the brakes, slam into the car ahead of you, fly forward so quickly both your faces would suddenly be exposed to the wind."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This statement from the passage implies the emotional impact of racism on the person of color and the discomfort and guilt experienced by the white person.","questions":"What is the main theme of \"Citizen: An American Lyric\"?","answer":"American"}
{"text":["Well, let's talk about the walk back because we had seen vague reports that China was reneging on something it had agreed to but not a ton of detail. What exactly did China say, ah, we don't want to do?","Well, there's a tactical side to this, and there's something of a cultural side. The tactical side is that China, not unlike the Trump administration, is trying to get the best possible deal that it can to do as little as possible to please Trump. So it's not unusual that they would try to walk back some of their agreements at the last minute.","But the real issue is that they had agreed to make some structural changes - difficult structural changes to the Chinese economy. And this involves things like decreasing subsidies to state-owned enterprises, more guarantees of openness to American companies, protections for intellectual property. They did not like having those promises committed to paper in this 150-page agreement. Those had to be made public. And it looks like a concession to the Chinese people.","OK. So they didn't want to go as far as the Trump administration wanted them to go - at least not in writing."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : China is trying to negotiate the best possible deal while doing as little as possible to please Trump.","questions":"What is the reason behind China's attempt to walk back some of their agreements?","answer":"Pleasing"}
{"text":["Oh, yes, it's 63 as we're speaking now. So that's a 33-degree drop from what it was just a few hours ago last night.","But what's the week been like?","You know, hard for people in a country that's not used to heat and doesn't have much air conditioning. The five hottest summers here since 1500 have been - all been since 2000. So you have - do have more people here asking, if I could put it this way, does a chateau have to fall on your head to see that the earth, France included, is getting hotter?","Yeah (laughter) I know you were in Paris during the 2003 heatwave. And that left 15,000 people dead according to estimates. And it's still considered a marker in French history."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Not an actual home falling onto people's head but an obvious, large amount of information becomes understood.","questions":"What becomes understood?","answer":"Information"}
{"text":["Yeah, of course. I think it's right for the employer to know. But let the person go all the way through the process until the point where they're being offered a job. It creates more momentum towards hiring and more of a chance that that person's actually get a job.","Why do you include in this legislation a provision that would allow felons to vote in every state in the country?","You know, these felony disenfranchise laws - if you go back to some of the state legislative debates that were happening after Reconstruction, they were designed to stop African-Americans from voting. These have racist roots to these laws. And it gets to a point now where you can see the fruit of that poison tree - is that you have some counties in America where 1 out of 4 African-Americans can't vote. And remember; the overwhelming number of charges are for nonviolent drug offenses.","So here, you've served your time, and now you're going to have 10, 20, 40, 50, 60 years more as an adult. And you're told that your citizen rights have been stripped from you?This is a way, I think, that poor people especially - low-income people are being stripped of their democratic power."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The figurative meaning here is that allowing the person to go through the entire hiring process without disclosing their criminal record increases their chances of getting a job. It suggests that withholding information about their criminal record can help them overcome potential biases.","questions":"What is the implied reason for withholding information about a person's criminal record during the hiring process?","answer":"Overcome"}
{"text":["What's this program, Becoming a Man, meant to you and other students and your friends?","It means a lot. It gives you insight of how to be a man and take care of your business and have integrity, visionary goal-setting and respect for one another. It helps you be more aware of who you are and what you could do with your life.","Tell us a bit about your life, could you, and your family.","I'm the youngest of six, which is hard to be sometimes, because you get bossed around by everybody in the house. Come from a single-parent home - my mom. Dad was never around. I have sickle cell anemia, so I persevered over that. We had good times and bad times, you know, just like any other family. But we're very close."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Tell us a bit about your life, could you, and your family.","questions":"What type of information did PersonB request from A?","answer":"Life"}
{"text":["Feel at home here.","So, you know, the oceans, they aren't just sitting there. It's not just still water. There are currents. There are winds blowing over the top of them. And in case of the circulation in the Atlantic, the wind is blowing, piles water up in the middle because of something called Ekman transport. You can look that up on Wikipedia. And it makes a big pile - a hill of water in the middle of the Atlantic.","Really?","It's about a meter high, something like that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The author is talking about a 'pile' of water which of course is not a thing, instead he is talking about a swelling of the ocean created by water flowing in and being manipulated by currents and underwater streams and such","questions":"Which term describes the phenomenon that results in a \"hill\" of water in the middle of the Atlantic?","answer":"Ekman"}
{"text":["Well, as you say, an assistive technology, other robotics to make people able to be more on their own. But I imagine that somewhere down the line, you'd like to be able to rejuvenate the arm itself, would you not?","Yeah, exactly. I think for people with locked-in syndrome, such as the two participants in the study - that is, no functional movement of their limbs and unable to speak - a comparatively simpler goal and one that we've published some work on over the past few years would be the simple control of a computer cursor on a screen.","And if one could provide point-and-click control over a cursor 24 hours a day, seven days a week, that would certainly be a useful assistive technology for somebody with severely limited communication.","But just as you said, for somebody with paralysis, somebody who's unable to move their arms and their legs, the real dream for the research is to one day reconnect brain to limb, to take those signals out of the brain, to root them back down to the peripheral nerves in the arm, to stimulate those nerves and to have somebody use their own arm and hand to pick up that coffee again."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Providing 24\/7 control of a computer cursor on a screen would greatly improve the quality of life for people with limited communication abilities.","questions":"How would the proposed technology assist individuals with limited communication abilities?","answer":"Cursor"}
{"text":[". . . in World War II.","Wow.","So it is a very large explosion.","Now, if you were watching Earth from Jupiter, would you see the same type of flashes in our atmosphere, because don't(ph) we get bombarded?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is impressed or surprised by what A said.","questions":"How did PersonB react to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Wow"}
{"text":["Has this ever been done before, I mean, even with other types of energy like oil and gas for example?","That's not how we have historically done oil and gas use or exploration. Again, we're talking on public land. It's not been how we've done it. It is the way we've tried in recent years to think about the Endangered Species Act. Instead of looking at each little place when a question comes up and say is this an endangered habitat, is this a problem, look at large areas, ecosystems, chunks that make sense together.","Try to highlight what the problems are in that area so that subsequent development proposals are not - don't start from ground zero. Information's been gathered and looked at in a more systematic way. I mean, programmatic environmental impact assessments have been allowed ever since NEPA passed back in the 1970s.","It hasn't been used very often. I think that the Interior Department should get a lot of credit for using it this time."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Interior Department deserves recognition for using the programmatic environmental impact assessment method more often.","questions":"Which method did the Interior Department use that deserves recognition?","answer":"Programmatic"}
{"text":["And thanks for your service to the United States.","I appreciate it.","Why did you want to join the U. S.  military?","I'm not just another U. S.  Army recruit. I was born and raised in a conservative city of Pakistan, near Kashmir. My father owned a small local newspaper in which he recommended the diplomatic solution of Kashmir conflict - due to which, he had to face a lot of threats from state and not-state actors. Because of these threats, he had to close down his newspapers, and I had to move to a boarding school outside my city."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A's decision to join the U.S. military is not typical due to his background and experiences in Pakistan.","questions":"How was PersonA's decision to join the U.S. military?","answer":"Atypical"}
{"text":["And now we're going to move on to our broader Africa update. We'll look at upcoming elections on the Comoros Islands why South Africa says Chinese residents can now call themselves black. For more we've got Cassandra Waldon. She's chief of external communications at the United Nations Development Program. Hey Cassandra.","Hi Farai, great to be with you.","Always great to have you on. And let's actually start with another issue, which is the global food crisis. Africa's second most populous country, Ethiopia, is asking for emergency food aid. The government says more than four and a half million people are in desperate need of help because of a drought which struck most of the country earlier this year. So Cassandra, what makes this food crisis different from past ones?","Well I think this one is being exacerbated by the crisis of higher food prices that we've seen across the globe. We see in Ethiopia that you have children, as many as 75,000 kids, who are already acutely malnourished, now finding themselves deteriorating even further because of the drought and the lack of food that is available to them. We see that seasonal rains in Ethiopia have failed completely or are very poor in many parts of Ethiopia, and this is really hurting crop production, it means that farmers can't take care of their livestock. It is just a very devastating situation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The drought in Ethiopia is causing a devastating food crisis","questions":"How many children in Ethiopia are acutely malnourished due to the drought and lack of food?","answer":"75,000"}
{"text":["No, not at all. And I've been pretty much apolitical my entire adult life. But this election is obviously quite different than previous presidential elections. So I just thought - I thought it was necessary to jump in and use my voice.","Why?","The prospects of Donald Trump being president just scare the hell out of me. And that's coming after having initially, you know, supported him and hoped that he would be 180 degrees different from what he turned out to be.","I mean, am I wrong?I seem to remember there was a time when you offered to be the running mate for either of them.","Oh, sure. Yeah, a lot of that was a little bit tongue-in-cheek. I didn't really expect that to happen. But, you know, there was a time when Donald first got into the race where I would talk to him on the phone."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"scare the hell out of me\" - This is an idiomatic expression that means to frighten someone a lot.","questions":"Which expression means to frighten someone a lot?","answer":"Scare"}
{"text":["Is that more troubling to you than if he had a grand plan?","It is more troubling, yes. I mean, we might, in the end, be safer for it. You know, the narrative when this administration began is that he was a right-wing despot and thug who would bring terrible policies to the United States. And I think there's probably less of a chance of that because everything shifts from moment to moment, and he has no grand intentions here. Whatever irrational moment he has now might as well be reversed by another irrational moment to come.","Michael Wolff is the author of \"Siege: Trump Under Fire. \"Thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A suggests that unpredictability may make the situation safer because there are no grand intentions.","questions":"Which word summarizes PersonA's opinion on the effect of unpredictability?","answer":"Safer"}
{"text":["Donald Trump questioned John McCain's war heroism. He suggested that Senator Ted Cruz's father was involved with the Kennedy assassination. He slurred Senator Cruz's wife. What do you say to colleagues who just say, I'm sorry, our nominee just shouldn't be someone who talks like that?","Well, you know, and I've heard that from a number of people. And I've said to them, look, you know what, not asking you to fall in love with him. Let's just fall in line as a party because we're facing now the greatest challenge I think we've seen, not just as a party but our country.","And I'm more concerned with a Never Hillary (laughter) than a Never Trump. And I just don't understand how an Obama, Clinton or Sanders agenda would be good for the country. And I'm just thinking right now for our country, we need to come together. For our party, we need to come together.","Republicans have called Donald Trump a demagogue and a racist - prominent Republicans - for statements on mass deportations, Mexican immigrants and barring Muslims from the United States. What do you say to them?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  This turn actually means that people should not expect to \"love\" Donald Trump as the Republican nominee, but should come together as a party to face the challenges that lie ahead. ","questions":"What do some people expect from the Republican nominee?","answer":"Love"}
{"text":["Well, I think one of my roles - at least the way I pretty much defined my life and work for 35 years in the academy and was quite lucky in serendipitous ways began teaching at Yale at the time of the moment that's now considered, I guess, the revolutionary moment at Yale with the Black Panthers and Bobby Seale and Erica Huggins and others.","So, I always saw a kind of resistive undercurrent in the university even at its Ivy League level. And I've tried to identify myself in the academy with that resistive undercurrent. And I've tried to maintain an integrity of my public appearances and what I write that never refuses to look at the fact that racism, in my estimation, is more rampant in the United States and globally than ever before.","One can say is the glass half-full or half-empty. I think that's mere casuistry. It seems to me that the glass is empty for the majority of Americans now, not just black Americans, and it's not near any liquid refreshments source that I know of, the foreclosures, the economics of the present time, the war.","It seems to me that Henry Louis Gates Jr.  and Cornel West made a deliberate turn at a certain point in their career and decided, in the case of Mr.  Gates for example, that he was not going to do another profoundly brilliant book in his\u2026","Well, professor, I'm sorry, we have to wrap this up. There's a lot there, but thank you so much, Professor Baker."],"speaker":["A","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There was a period of political upheaval and social justice activism at Yale University involving prominent figures such as the Black Panthers and Bobby Seale.","questions":"Which university had a period of political upheaval involving the Black Panthers and Bobby Seale?","answer":"Yale"}
{"text":["Let's talk for a second about the geopolitics of the region. The Sinai Peninsula is a giant desert. It borders Israel. And that is where Islamic militants have focused many of their recent attacks, but this is a change.","Yes. Thus far, they have been focused primarily on the police and the military in what they claim is a social justice war, so to speak. They're opposing the regime, claiming it's illegitimate and that they want to essentially become the new rulers of Egypt with they're very warped and skewed interpretation of Islam.","Now, that's not to say that civilians have not been killed in the process. And, in fact, if you're suspected of being a cooperator with the Egyptian state, they - ISIS will behead you in a very grotesque way to set an example. However, this is the first time that we've seen them go after a mosque in this way. Now, they have gone after churches and - because part of their kind of terroristic agenda is to kill anyone that they believe is not worthy of living in this Islamic state that they seek to create. And Christians have been common targets. But for them to go after Muslims is quite unprecedented.","This is a Sufi mosque, a mystical form of Islam. Would that have been a factor?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The ISIS terrorist attack in Egypt is now on both Christians who were their initial target to their fellow Muslims.","questions":"How has the ISIS terrorist attack in Egypt expanded its targets?","answer":"Muslims"}
{"text":["Well, for the pilot test, for example, if we want to have a continuous ring, we don't actually have them uniformly distributed around the globe. For example we don't need the same density over the middle of the Pacific Ocean as we do over Christ Church itself. But by steering them and planning, you can have them appear in the right density in the sky over the places that need coverage.","And where - would those - those are under-covered places around the world. Where are the prime places for that?","There's lots of places. In the Southern Hemisphere alone, two-thirds of the countries, the cost of Internet access is higher than the average monthly income for people in those countries. Even in China and India, there's over a billion people that don't have good Internet coverage. So I think there's lots of places around the world where there's sort of remote and rural areas that don't have coverage, or it's unaffordable.","So would you have to keep relaunching new balloons as these go down just to keep that ring going?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is not a test for pilots but a trial, first test to see how the system works.","questions":"How was the first test referred to by A?","answer":"Pilot"}
{"text":[". . . you see the more segments you have, the more you can twist.","The more you can twist. So we have a bone difference. But the question that intrigued Philippe Gailloud and Fabian de Kok-Mercado was why don't owls get strokes?And Philippe Gailloud actually studies disease caused by artery damage. And so he knows first-hand that in humans, if you tried to turn your head like that, you would damage your blood vessel that would cause a clot and you might get a stroke. And beyond that, let's say that didn't happen, the other problem is that if you twisted your neck that much, your arteries, which bring blood to your brain, important, would be pinched off. So how to the owls get around this?And that's what these researchers looked into this week, and that's what the Video Pick of the Week is about.","Great. So why don't we see dead owls all over the place from turning their neck?","Correct. That's exactly what he said. Why are there not dead owls lying all over the forest for was the way that Dr.  Gailloud puts it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : to put something in this context is to explain something","questions":"What did Dr. Gailloud mean when he said \"to put something\"?","answer":"explain"}
{"text":["Oh, yes. You know, capitalism evolved into the Wild, Wild West form of capitalism in which regulation was relatively lax, I mean, which leverage in borrowing produced the combined phenomena where, you know, everyone assumed that prices of everything would always go up and never go down. Witness the phenomena with housing prices.","Now, all of that's changed. We've understood that there's a need for regulation, for control in terms of lending, and for an assumption of reduced expectations in terms of return. And so, yeah, capitalism as defined over the past 10 or 20 years, in which prices only went down for a year or two, and then they snapped back up and reached for accelerated and new highs, those days are disappearing quickly.","Bill Gross is Managing Director of Pacific Investment Management Company, which has more than $720 billion of investments. Bill, thank you.","Thank you very much, Alex."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The days of capitalism defined by constantly increasing prices and reaching new highs are disappearing quickly.","questions":"How are the days of capitalism defined?","answer":"Increasing"}
{"text":["And all this happened after midnight on Friday, so most people were sleeping. They were caught off guard and unable to escape. Houses, cars and bridges were washed away. And 17 neighborhoods were partially destroyed. And the town hospital and morgue are overflowing. Among the victims is a policeman who was carried away by rushing water when he tried to save a 12-year-old girl from drowning. And then there's the case of the Mocoa mayor, who is a pastor - he's homeless because rocks and mud came into his house and filled it all the way up to the ceiling.","Sounds like a horrific situation. How has the government responded?","President Juan Manuel Santos flew into Mocoa to inspect the town. He sent in the army. The Red Cross is there. There are emergency workers searching for survivors. But one of the problems is that there's no airport in Mocoa, and the main road into the town's been partially washed out. Half of Putumayo state's without power, and the drinking water supply has been totally destroyed. Now there've been some reports of people looting stores for food and water.","Just briefly - you know, we've heard a lot about flooding and landslides in Latin America recently. Peru's also had massive flooding. Do we know why this is happening?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"Sounds like a horrific situation.\" - The speaker is expressing empathy and concern for the situation, rather than just describing the situation as horrific.","questions":"Which emotion is the speaker conveying with their statement in turn 2?","answer":"Empathy"}
{"text":["Yes. In all three cases, she raised both significant, substantive problems with granting these people a security clearance relating to things like foreign influence, business conflicts of interest, personal conduct and so on. And then she raised very serious problems about what the process was. In fact, it sounded like she was trying to explain to her supervisor how the process worked. He could indeed overrule her, but he needed to write out an explanation of why and explain why the specific concerns that she raised were addressed by other factual evidence that he had available to him. Apparently none of that ever happened. And that's obviously a very dangerous breach in the protocol.","This whistleblower, Tricia Newbold - she spoke of at least 25 instances where the Personnel Security Office was overruled by more senior members of the administration. Is 25 a lot?Do you know?","Well, it seems like it's a lot historically. That's one of the things we wanted to determine.","It seems more frequent than the usual. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This turn is not actually requesting a confidence score or any other numerical rating. Instead, it is a prompt for the person to provide their own interpretation or response to a previous statement or situation.","questions":"What was the purpose of turn 1 in the dialogue?","answer":"Interpretation"}
{"text":["Well, to me, in my personal opinion, all superhero comics are somewhat escapist. The modern stuff is a little more based in reality, a little more about personal narratives. Just the fact that he's into superhero comics as opposed to, you know, Robert Crumb or somebody, that says something. He's not into the subculture.","Yeah, he's not into the really out there stuff.","Right.","Spider Man, though, I mean, he's an outlier, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Spider Man is different from other superheroes in some way.","questions":"Which superhero is mentioned as an outlier in the dialogue?","answer":"Spider-Man"}
{"text":["You know, we have everything we need to handle those challenges, to meet them. But it's the feedback that I've gotten from readers over the years that has just made me humble and really grateful that I have something to share.","One of the things that struck a chord with me in the book is when you talk about not being in the moment and always wanting to be more than, different than, and how we can slip into that mindset. Tell me a little bit more about that.","Farai, I missed so much of my life, particularly as a young mother. You know, when my daughter was born, I wanted her not to be an infant, but to be a toddler, and when she was a toddler, I wanted her to be able to button her own clothes and get herself dressed and help me get her out the door.","And when she was probably around 10 or 11, I wanted her to be 13, 14. And then I wanted her to be out of high school and in college. And when I looked back on that exquisite journey, I realize that I missed so many moments, so many precious moments because I wasn't present. My mind was always far down the road."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker realizes the value of being present in the moment and the importance of not missing out on important experiences.","questions":"What did the speaker miss out on because of not being present in the moment?","answer":"Moments"}
{"text":["And now a drought in the U. K.  has a silver lining for archaeologists. Toby Driver is an aerial archaeologist for the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales. He spends his time in a small aircraft flying over the country, searching for evidence of ancient structures. And the heat has made his job a little bit easier. Here's what he sees.","You have a shimmering sort of multi-colored fields. That's why the crops aren't ripening evenly - yellows and browns and oranges coming up in the field. And from some distance out, you can see big, dark-green circles, big, dark-green squares appearing in the fields.","Those dark-green shapes hold valuable archaeological information. Ancient structures were often surrounded by trenches for protection and drainage. Even after the structures are gone, the trenches retain moisture. So in a heat wave, when the rest of the crops turn brown, the areas on top of the structures stay green.","It's a bit like an X-ray of the field is revealed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Ancient structures can be identified by the trenches around them that retain moisture.","questions":"What holds valuable archaeological information in the fields during a heat wave?","answer":"Trenches"}
{"text":["Yeah. So when Governor Richardson in 1994 - he was a young congressman, and he was in North Korea for his first visit. At that time, a helicopter was shot down by North Korea, and two American pilots were taken. One was killed upon the impact, and the other one was alive. And Governor Richardson stayed there on assignment by President Clinton to negotiate for two weeks.","And when he got the pilots back, he got an invoice. And that invoice included a lot of legitimate things - hotels, meals, transportation, fuel - and one line about ammunition. And the governor asked the North Koreans, what is this about?And they said, well, somebody needs to pay for the bullets we used to shoot down the helicopter.","So it's - again, it's not unique. And I have to say, we all followed last summer the return of American servicemen. We've been involved - the governor has been involved in this effort. We're currently involved in more of these. The North Koreans charge for those as well.","How are those payments understood in diplomatic terms?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The North Koreans are trying to make the US pay for the cost of shooting down the helicopter and for other services provided during negotiations and efforts to return American servicemen","questions":"What did the North Koreans charge the US for?","answer":"Services"}
{"text":["Well, crown-of-thorn starfish are found across much of the Pacific Ocean and Indian Oceans. They are - they're about dinner-plate size, multiple arms, have little thorn-like spines coming out of them. They're also quite venomous. So the last thing you want to do is touch one and have it prick you, and it can cause paralysis.","But the important part for the corals is that these things are wonderful eating machines. They move slowly across the reef. They actually invert their stomach onto the corals and dissolve the coral tissue, you know, digesting it as they go. And they leave (technical difficulties) white behind them as they move forward.","So they're like little bulldozers.","Yeah, it's sort of like bulldozers. It's almost more like having a wave of people with flamethrowers going through the brush. You know, the coral physically is left behind, but it's all dead."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Comparison to bulldozers and flamethrowers emphasizes the destructive impact on coral reefs","questions":"Which two weapons are compared to the crown-of-thorn starfish in terms of their destructive impact?","answer":"Wave,People"}
{"text":["What would be risky about it, from the Nicolas Maduro point of view?","Well, there'd certainly be retaliatory measures from the U. S. , very likely more sanctions. There would be a massive outcry from Guaido's dozens of other international allies. The EU's warned that this would be a major escalation in tensions. And there'll be a lot of anger from the multitude of Guaido's supporters here in Venezuela.","Guaido himself says that any attempt by Maduro's government to detain him would be - as he put it - without doubt, one of that government's last mistakes. So we don't know, Steve. I mean, it's not clear that Maduro's concluded that he's in a strong enough position to do this. But it is a possibility.","And I guess we don't know if Guaido intends to go to a border crossing and present his passport or if he intends to sneak in some way. Is it known what path he plans to take?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"one of that government's last mistakes\" - This is a figurative expression, meaning that detaining Guaido would have serious consequences for Maduro's government, potentially leading to its downfall.","questions":"How would detaining Guaido impact Maduro's government?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["How do you perceive yourself at this point as a business woman, not just a comedienne?Because you used to be an Algebra teacher, you were also a small business owner. I'm sure that there is a whole industry behind what you do, having to deal with your bookings, et cetera. How do you deal with that part of it?","Well, knowledge is the key. I have a degree in Business Administration's, minor in Mathematics. And, unlike most comediennes, I was a business person before I got into this field. I am very aware of my bookings, I'm very aware of my accounting. I'm very aware of how to write jokes. So, it doesn't make it easier but knowledge helps it - helps me understand a lot of different things. So even like times now when we're in a recession, when the country is in a recession, and people aren't coming out to the shows as often the way they used to come - the audiences aren't packed - I, because I understand business, know that, OK, I'll move to smaller venues, I'll come in with a cheaper ticket. But I will still work as an artist. And as an artist, overall, you really want to work.","What makes you laugh?","What makes me laugh - kids make me laugh, and old people make me laugh."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A implies that her knowledge of business helps her manage the financial aspects of her career as a comedienne.","questions":"How does PersonA's degree in Business Administration help her career as a comedian?","answer":"Financial"}
{"text":["No, not at all. And I've been pretty much apolitical my entire adult life. But this election is obviously quite different than previous presidential elections. So I just thought - I thought it was necessary to jump in and use my voice.","Why?","The prospects of Donald Trump being president just scare the hell out of me. And that's coming after having initially, you know, supported him and hoped that he would be 180 degrees different from what he turned out to be.","I mean, am I wrong?I seem to remember there was a time when you offered to be the running mate for either of them.","Oh, sure. Yeah, a lot of that was a little bit tongue-in-cheek. I didn't really expect that to happen. But, you know, there was a time when Donald first got into the race where I would talk to him on the phone."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"running mate\" - This is a metaphorical expression that means a person who is chosen to run for office with a presidential candidate.","questions":"How did PersonA offer to be involved in the election?","answer":"Offered"}
{"text":["How?What happened?","Well, it was taught by a professor who was also a resident at a Cleveland clinic. He was an interventional radiologist. And he was teaching part-time at Ursuline. And when he came in the class, he just lit up. He was dead tired, eyes were bloodshot red. He would just oftentimes come off of his shift, straight to the college to teach. Just his enthusiasm for medicine, his breadth of knowledge about the human body was just so fascinating to me. And all of those ideas when I was a kid of wanting to become a physician and my intrigue of how things work just came rushing back.","And within that first hour, I came home and I told my wife, honey, I need to do something in medicine. And I wasn't exactly sure if it was going to be nursing or a physician assistant or become a medical doctor. But I just knew that I was going to have to pursue this further if I wanted to live life with no regrets.","I'm going to guess when you walk into Cleveland Clinic Akron General it's not lost on you that there are not a lot of African American physicians."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The professor's enthusiasm for medicine and knowledge about the human body made A interested in pursuing a career in medicine.","questions":"How did the professor inspire A?","answer":"enthusiasm"}
{"text":["There are probably two or three important things. One is I think it gives you an insight into the company and what they do with the data they gather. Now, Facebook say they don't sell data, but they certainly make money out of it. And I think one of the things that concerned us was whether some of the developers that work with Facebook get preferential access to data depending on how valuable that relationship is. I think there was something else, which is potentially an antitrust issue, which is the dominant position Facebook has I think allows it to pick winners on its platform. There are big questions about the way in which they use their power. The final thing I think which is I think particularly significant is are users giving informed consent when they give data to Facebook?","Mr.  Collins, why should anyone be worried about that?Is it just what you would expect a business to do, maximize the information it has and reward the most promising relationships?","I think we all understand with these sorts of social media tools they're free to use, but in some ways, you're giving your data to the company. The company makes money out of that by selling advertising. But the question is are we giving up far more data than we realize?And then what happens to that data when the company has it?And I think it's right that we have some say and some protection over how it's used.","Do you feel Facebook has been honest with you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Users should have more control over their data","questions":"How should users have control over their data?","answer":"More"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, a big one can come from any number of faults here in Southern California. So if you looked at a map of Southern California and wanted to imagine all the faults, just throw a pile of spaghetti down on it, and all those little strands would be faults all over the place. These - this set of faults is inland from the San Andreas.","And so there was a less-than-1% chance that we would've had an above-7. 0 magnitude earthquake yesterday following the 6. 4 on Thursday, and that happened. As of today, there is a less-than-2% chance that we could see another magnitude 7 today, but we're going to have to see how that shakes out.","The San Andreas is not directly impacted by these faults, as far as we know. But there are a whole lot of faults in that area that might've taken a strain of some of these smaller faults that - when they released all their energy, because that strain doesn't just go away. It has to go somewhere else. And some of the other faults in the area took it on.","And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Shakes out implies how things come out in the end","questions":"What does \"shakes out\" imply?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["Before there was \"Gangnam Style,\" the dress or the ice bucket challenge, there were other stories that raced around the country. In the 19th century, newspapers throughout the U. S.  were kind of early aggregators. They just helped themselves to each other's stories, so if something juicy turned up in Boston, it would soon find its way into print in Chicago or Kansas City. That's the finding of researchers at Northeastern University. They used computers to search through those old publications for stories that went - sorry, can't avoid saying it - viral. Ryan Cordell is one of those researchers. He joins from the studios of WBUR in Boston. Thanks for being with us.","I'm glad to be here.","What is the 19th century equivalent of a cat perching on the toilet?","Well, we found quite a few of them; a lot of household hints and stories. One of my favorites is a story that purports to be a young man in church who is wooing a young lady by circling passages in the Bible and handing them to her and that they're married a year later as the story says at the end."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"cat perching on the toilet\" - refers to a popular internet meme, but in this context, it's asking for an equivalent popular phenomenon in the 19th century, so the literal meaning of a cat perching on a toilet is not intended.","questions":"What is the term used by researchers at Northeastern University to describe the stories that went viral in newspapers throughout the U.S. in the 19th century?","answer":"Fear"}
{"text":["And then we have a Congress who just passed a bill knowing full well that this was the most likely outcome, and they chose not to even try to stop it. But now that the bill has passed, the shutdown has been prevented, the government has been funded, the president can come out and say he's going to do this now. And you have people saying that we're shredding the Constitution, that this is the end of the world, that we need to act, that we need to stop something.","Well, the time to act was before you pass a bill to give the president money to fund the government. The time to act - if you want to force a vote on this, if you want to force Republicans in the Senate to go on record if you're a House Democrat, for instance, then you put language in the bill saying the president can't use national emergency powers to build a wall.","You mean senators - well, we could list their names - Susan Collins.","Right. I mean, don't vote for a bill that is going to make something that you think is really damaging to our country, to the Republic, more likely to occur. Just don't do it, No. 1. No. 2, actually go out and try to put things in the bill to prevent the thing that you think is so damaging to our republic from happening."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Passing a bill without measures to prevent negative consequences is not taking action.","questions":"What is the problem with passing a bill without preventative measures?","answer":"Lack"}
{"text":["Right. They're kind of barracks, right?This sort of - people don't have privacy.","No privacy. In some cases, they actually look like slave cabins. I mean, they're small. They're wooden shacks. Many of them - in fact, I have not seen one. They do not have bathrooms in the living facility itself. If you don't have a bathroom in your home or in your living space, you have to walk, in some cases, quite a ways to get to the toilet, to get to a shower. And this creates another vulnerability for women and something that they always have to be careful of, especially young girls.","What needs to happen, in your view?","Oh. I sigh because it's been such a long road. I think the best way for women to protect themselves - the best way that I've seen in the many years that I've organized has actually been a union contract. And that's because a union contract has a grievance process that guarantees that there will be no retaliation, that provides a means of justice and fairness and a response that's speedy, that addresses the issue, that allows farmworkers to actually have abusive supervisors fired and go back to work and be safe. If there's no way for an abuser to be actually punished for what he's doing to the women in the workplace, then it doesn't work. It doesn't work. And women are not going to complain. They're not going to feel safe."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : No privacy. In some cases, they actually look like slave cabins. - The literal meaning of this turn is that the living conditions for farmworkers are so poor that they resemble the living conditions of slaves in the past. The actual meaning is that the living conditions are dehumanizing and lack basic amenities, which puts the workers, especially women, in vulnerable situations.","questions":"How does the lack of bathrooms in the living facility affect women?","answer":"vulnerability"}
{"text":["Oh, there are lots of modern blunders but not all of them are brilliant.","To be brilliant, it has to be truly an epic blunder, is what you're saying.","Well, it has to be something that in one way or another leads to a real breakthrough. You know, this is how I define, you know, a brilliant blunder and not just something that is a big mistake. I mean there are lots of huge mistakes.","While I was writing this book, when people would ask me what is your book about, I said, you know, it's about brilliant blunders and it's not an autobiography."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A brilliant blunder is not just a big mistake, but something that leads to progress.","questions":"How does PersonA define a brilliant blunder?","answer":"Progress"}
{"text":["I won't give away the end of the book, but Jay really evolves in terms of how he feels about the Philippines and what he wants his next moves to be after he discovers what's happened to his cousin. What do you think that character in particular says about the relationship between an immigrant, their country of origin, and then the country that they're expected to eventually go home to when the two-week break is over, the family visit is over?","I think it says that there is this connection, but I think also if you are to foster that connection, kind of make it something meaningful, you want to acknowledge kind of what you don't know. And then two, learn. And doing those things kind of strengthens that connection, and I think one ends up with a stronger sense of who they are, especially somebody with, like, a dual identity. It can kind of lessen or mitigate those feelings of, you know, not being something enough, right?Not being Filipino enough, or not being whatever the second piece of the identity is.","Randy Ribay is author of the novel \"Patron Saints Of Nothing. \"Randy, thanks so much for coming on.","Yeah. Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Jay's character development highlights the complexities of an immigrant's relationship with their home and adopted countries.","questions":"Which character from the book \"Patron Saints Of Nothing\" undergoes significant changes in their feelings towards their home and adopted countries?","answer":"Jay"}
{"text":["Shannon, of course, we're dealing with a breaking news event. And it's the inclination of and the policy of this news organization to be conservative rather than to be inaccurate. We know that people are going to see and hear another - other numbers that are out there. We are reporting what we can confirm at the moment. There is a suspect in custody. As I understand it, the area is still not considered safe. They're asking people to remain in their homes, yes?","That's right. They're warning people to stay inside their homes, stay away from the area of the synagogue. And also, reportedly, according to the synagogue's website, this was the busiest service, the most packed service of the week for the synagogue, the Saturday morning service. So we can expect that there were probably multiple people inside the synagogue at the time.","So there's a suspect in custody. Police at the same time have to be worried that perhaps someone else could be involved, and that's why the area - why they're still telling people to shelter in place.","That's right. Until, you know, fairly recently this morning, it was an active shooter situation. The details of the shooting, whether there were more than one person involved, we don't know that yet, or even a motive."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The news organization prioritizes accuracy over speed in reporting breaking news (1 suspect in custody confirmed)","questions":"What is the news organization's policy in reporting breaking news?","answer":"Accuracy"}
{"text":["The tornado that struck Oklahoma this week was classified as an EF5, highest ranking on the Enhanced Fujita scale. And if you've seen the pictures from Oklahoma, you have a sense of how powerful it was. And this storm visited towns that have been struck in the past. Moore, Oklahoma, had been hit by another EF5 in 1999. In fact, if you look at a national map of tornado probability, you'll see a kind of bull's eye radiating out right from around Moore. But why is that?What makes some parts of the country so susceptible to tornadoes?Basically, why does Tornado Alley exist at all?","Joining me now to talk about how tornadoes form and how our understanding of tornadoes is linked to our ability to predict them is Marshall Shepherd. He's the president of the American Meteorological Society and the director of the Atmospheric Sciences Program at the University of Georgia. Welcome back to the show, Dr.  Shepherd.","Oh, always happy to join you.","So tell us why. Why is it that some parts of the country are so twister prone?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The bull's eye reference isn't literal. It means that on a map, Moore, OK is the center of a lot of tornado activity.","questions":"How is Moore, Oklahoma related to tornado activity on a map?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["One night in the spring of 1982, a 9-year-old Issac Bailey was asleep in a room with a few of his brothers when the 22-year-old brother he adored, Herbie Moochie Bailey, shot and killed an innocent man, a store owner he'd robbed named James Bunch.","It, like - my sense really - actually changed on, like, everything for me.","Issac was already struggling with a speech disorder.","I stuttered - (stuttering) - like that. It worsened greatly. And so I actually think that is one sort of reason why that I actually still stutter now."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Issac's traumatic experience caused a shift in A's perspective on everything","questions":"Which experience caused a shift in PersonA's perspective?","answer":"James"}
{"text":["Antivirus experts are calling Flame one of the most complex threats ever discovered. Once a machine is infected, the operator of the malware can expand its functionality almost like adding apps to a smartphone. Its operators sent out another app with orders to erase it this week, leaving no tracks behind.","Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?","Well, different from the average run-of-the-mill malware that criminals use?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Thank you.\" - The literal meaning is a polite response to being welcomed to the show. The implied meaning is that the guest is ready and willing to contribute to the discussion.","questions":"How did the guest respond to being welcomed to the show?","answer":"polite"}
{"text":["Not so well now. We're expecting to have a peace completely after the election, but we still have a few problems here and there as far as human right is concerned. And there is also killings in some parts of the country, in the west, also in east. So, that's not good.","There are a lot of people who've used music to raise awareness about what's going on in different parts of the world. Why do you think people relate to music as a way of understanding and humanizing other people?What is it about music that's so special?","Music is very natural. We are born - our mothers sing for us. The community welcomes you with music, with singing. So, it becomes part of your being, of your nature. At the same time, when you cry, it's also like singing. So, it seems like singing and music is set of human being. So, when we sing, we cry, we shout, we just bring it outside. So, it's very natural.","And your family had a musical tradition, what was its like growing up?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"So, it seems like singing and music is set of human being. So, when we sing, we cry, we shout, we just bring it outside. So, it's very natural.\"","questions":"How does music relate to human nature according to B?","answer":"Nature"}
{"text":["Well, it just occurred to me in the last few months that what I do is almost like a drug for me. If it's not there on some nights when my instrument is not working correctly like I want it to, or the sound isn't right, or the audience is heckling me, or somebody's not happy, it's almost like I'm not getting that fix that I need. And it is kind of the biggest drug in my life is taking music to people, in a way.","So, Lalah, you have a bunch of different sounds on this CD, and let's talk a little bit about the song, \"One Mile\" which has a little bit more of a hip-hop, R&B edge.","(Singing) Bring me all around the world, Tell me I'm the only one. I believe you love me so, Wondered how you let me down. Tricky how you said the words, Didn't even feel disturbed. You're my one and only girl, Those are only words I heard.","So, when you think about the story telling, and this sound, how do you cross-pollinate them when you put together something like this song?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : cross-pollinate implies to understand and digest things","questions":"What does cross-pollinate mean in the context of the dialogue?","answer":"Understand"}
{"text":["What I'm going to do next time or in the next few months is I'm going to get storm shutters put in my house. We have no plans on moving, though.","With the electricity restored, the whole family is moving back in today.","And how's baby William doing?","He's doing wonderful. He's eating and sleeping like a champ (laughter). And his big sister is loving her new role, so we're very happy."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Baby William and his sister are adjusting well to their new family dynamic","questions":"What is the big sister's reaction to her new role?","answer":"Loving"}
{"text":["Absolutely not. In fact, the people of my state should know we are doing everything in our power to defend them. If it comes to a legal fight with the Trump administration, we're prepared to have it. I've had some experience with taking on the Trump administration litigation. We have yet to lose a case yet, and I don't plan on starting with this issue.","Attorney General Bob Ferguson of Washington state, thanks so much.","Oh, thank you, Scott. Have a great day.","And we contacted the Department of Justice for comment on Mr.  Ferguson's remarks about Attorney General Sessions. We have yet to receive a response."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) The literal meaning of turn (4) is that the reporter contacted the Department of Justice for comment, but the implied meaning is that the reporter wants to highlight the lack of response from the Department of Justice, which can suggest a lack of transparency or accountability.","questions":"What does turn 4 imply about the Department of Justice's response?","answer":"Transparency"}
{"text":["And then the phone rang a few times, but I didn't pick it up. And, you know, you don't always answer your phone when you're having dinner on a Saturday night.","Right. Right.","So that's when I called his mom. And her cousin picked up and said - Alex, you need to get on the next plane to Sri Lanka. There's been a bombing. And Kieran is hurt, and he's here in the hospital.","But he was alive at that time?","The answer is no. He wasn't."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : So that's when I called his mom. And her cousin picked up and said - Alex, you need to get on the next plane to Sri Lanka. There's been a bombing. And Kieran is hurt, and he's here in the hospital.  In this turn, the literal meaning is that the speaker called the mother of someone and was informed by the cousin that there had been a bombing in Sri Lanka and Kieran was hurt and in the hospital. However, the implied meaning is that there was a serious and potentially life-threatening situation that required immediate action.","questions":"Which relative informed the speaker about the situation in Sri Lanka?","answer":"Cousin"}
{"text":["Honestly, I think in most of these things, I think it's very hard to negotiate with Mr.  Trump because he doesn't stick to his word. And I think that my experience of negotiating over the last three or four decades is if there's someone like that, then you really just say, this is what I want. I'm not budging. I'm not talking. Give me a call when you're ready to deal.","Well, but does that just mean that nothing gets done for the DREAMers?","I don't think so. If you're the minority in the House and the minority in the Senate, and you don't control the White House, then you're going to - you have to ask yourself where are the points where we have a point of pressure?And then you have to decide what it is that you want to fight for. You have to say that clearly - not bluff at all - and we're not budging. And that's what you've got to do because the fact of the matter is every time that you negotiate you're going to come out with something that isn't great.","You note your business career. As you see it, Mr.  Steyer, has President Trump made the whole prospect of successful business figures in public office more or less enticing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Give me a call when you're ready to deal\" - This is a polite way of saying that negotiation is over and there is no point in continuing until the other party is ready to make a serious offer.","questions":"Which phrase did PersonA use to indicate that negotiation was over until a serious offer was made?","answer":"Give"}
{"text":["He wanted two basic political reforms. The major one is called open primary electoral system. And essentially, what that means, instead of having Democrats run against Democrats and Republicans against Republicans in primary elections in the state, you would throw all of them into the mix and the top two vote-getters would advance to the general election. And the idea, if you believe proponents, is that it would allow kind of more moderate candidates to survive what are now hardest in the primary election. Instead, that you'll be catering to kind of a more moderate, wider electorate in the primary.","So, finally there is a budget. How has Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger reacted to this?","He hasn't said a whole lot yet, but his - I know that his staff is celebrating. This is a huge win for the governor. The framework is essentially what he's been calling for, for months. He's been urging both political parties to come out of their ideological corners. This has been his calling card for the past year, and if you look at the outline that he unveiled three months ago, this budget blueprint is essentially everything that he asked for. It's a major win for the governor.","And in his latest version of the budget, who were the big winners and losers?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger is happy with the budget agreement.","questions":"How did Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger feel about the budget agreement?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Sure, the dollar's stronger today, and it really underscores what has been happening for several months now. The equity market is much lower today, and the dollar is stronger against most major currencies. And the reason for that is because it's what we call a risk averse trade or basically buy the safest thing you can find play. So, when the equity markets go down, people like to buy dollars.","And then large part is in this because so many other currencies around the world are doing even worse than we are.","Well, yeah. I mean, the other countries are doing worse, that's for sure. Europe has some serious problems, Japan, China, but what it boils down to really is where's the safest place to put your money on a short term basis. And time and time again, that ends up in short-term treasury bills in the United States because they're backed by full faith of the U. S.  government. Certainly, if you look across the planet, growth rates have dropped dramatically in the month of January, for instance. In Canada, they were down about 14 and a half percent, in Europe, down seven percent. But places like Brazil were down 30 percent, and Russia was down 45 percent.","Some economists read this as a bet that the U. S.  wasn't just the first country to fall into a mess but will also become the first one out of it. Do you agree?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The dollar is not physically stronger, but more can be bought with it now than before.","questions":"Which word describes the state of the dollar mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Stronger"}
{"text":["Well, crown-of-thorn starfish are found across much of the Pacific Ocean and Indian Oceans. They are - they're about dinner-plate size, multiple arms, have little thorn-like spines coming out of them. They're also quite venomous. So the last thing you want to do is touch one and have it prick you, and it can cause paralysis.","But the important part for the corals is that these things are wonderful eating machines. They move slowly across the reef. They actually invert their stomach onto the corals and dissolve the coral tissue, you know, digesting it as they go. And they leave (technical difficulties) white behind them as they move forward.","So they're like little bulldozers.","Yeah, it's sort of like bulldozers. It's almost more like having a wave of people with flamethrowers going through the brush. You know, the coral physically is left behind, but it's all dead."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Crown-of-thorn starfish eat coral and leave it dead behind","questions":"How do crown-of-thorn starfish affect coral?","answer":"Digest"}
{"text":["So is a bagel just a bialy with a hole in the middle?","It's very different, and the origins of the bagel are somewhat mysterious. There's a lot of folklore around it and variable legends about how the bagel came to exist. But I have decided that we will never know.","Well, it's one of the great mysteries of life, think of it that way. What made the bagel leap from being just kind of New York street food, you know, or maybe Sunday brunch food, across the country?","So it was really, I think, the Lenders brothers, and Lender's bagels are what I grew up in. I grew up outside of Detroit, Michigan, and I thought they were the greatest thing ever. Like you would get six of them in a little plastic tube. And now, like when I think, the taste was awful, but they were early adopters of refrigeration technology."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is implying that there is no definite answer to the origin of the bagel, and they have accepted that. ","questions":"How would the speaker describe the origins of the bagel?","answer":"Mysterious"}
{"text":["But sometimes people get caught up in the moment, and a lightweight reminder can actually help them rethink what they're doing or what they're saying. And so it's not supposed to be the solution that we hang our hat on for all of bullying. It's supposed to be one of many tools to try to prevent bullying from happening in the first place.","One controversial idea that I know you are thinking about is the idea of making the number of likes private. Right?","Yeah.","So when a person posts to Instagram their image, lots of people can click on a little heart that shows I love this thing. And some people get a high off of that - right?- when they - 'cause it's a big popularity contest in a way. If you make that private, doesn't that get to the heart of what Instagram is?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : lightweight doesnt mean it weighs a little but that the reminder is small or trivial; hang our hat on means to make something really important, not to use something as a hat holder","questions":"What does \"hang our hat on\" mean?","answer":"Significant"}
{"text":["It probably had more to do with Moore - Roy Moore - and his unique trainload of baggage. But it's still hard not to compare it to what happened back in 2010 when Scott Brown was elected in Massachusetts, taking Teddy Kennedy's seat. And this was at about the same point in President Obama's first term.","That really changed the mood on Capitol Hill. It did not stop the passage of Obamacare, but it signaled a big turnover in Congress in the next elections. And we could be heading into a correction here in the other direction under President Trump.","NPR's Ron Elving. Thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"NPR's Ron Elving thanking Scott\". However, the actual meaning is \"Scott thanking NPR's Ron Elving.","questions":"What did NPR's Ron Elving do?","answer":"Thanking"}
{"text":["Well, AIG was a very big and successful insurance company. It did well in insurance products. But it got into a lot of trouble by selling very complex financial products, which, as you know, have lost huge amounts of money because of the housing downturn.","Now, in September, when conditions for the company were getting pretty bad, the Federal Reserve agreed to loan AIG $85 billion. In exchange, it took some stock in the company as collateral. The idea was that, you know, the loan would sort of tide AIG over while it sold off assets. But it's been very hard to sell anything because of the credit crunch.","So, meanwhile, the interest payments were piling up. AIG said it lost 25 - almost $25 billion last quarter. So, this morning, the government said it was going back to the drawing board and trying to work out something else. It's really an admission that the efforts so far haven't worked.","So, how much money is this new plan going to involve, and where exactly is it going to be coming from?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"going back to the drawing board\" - refers to starting over with a new plan or approach.","questions":"What does \"going back to the drawing board\" mean?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["One last, I think, pretty blunt question we've got in 40 seconds left - why is President Trump more critical of Alec Baldwin than he is of Vladimir Putin on this week when Putin shows an animated video of Russian missiles smacking Florida?","I, you know - I think if you look at the President Trump style with ISIS as an example - he doesn't like to tip his hand. He was critical of the last administration by declaring departure dates, and so forth and things going on in the Middle East. And I think he's been tougher on Russia and Vladimir Putin than any other administration, at least the last two.","Really?","And so I would say, stay tuned to that. He's pretty predictable in that way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This means that Russian missiles were aimed at Florida but they did not literally 'smack' there. ","questions":"How were Russian missiles referenced in the conversation?","answer":"Florida"}
{"text":["No. I mean, I can be smaller and leaner with one fewer arms or a leg that I've lopped off. No, I think it's going to be extremely difficult. We can't possibly serve the entire state, especially a state is geographically distributed as we are, by closing entire campuses.","Do you see an impact on enrollment, on students wanting to come to the University of Alaska?","Absolutely. Our enrollment has actually been in decline since 2012, certainly over the last several years because we've taken budget cuts four out of the last five years. There's no question in my mind that some students are opting for other institutions because of uncertainty about our budget. And another big challenge here in Alaska - we have in general very low college-going rates. So another negative aspect of this is young people who decide not to go on at all.","That is University of Alaska President James Johnsen. He was speaking with us there from Fairbanks, Alaska. James Johnsen, thank you for your time.","My pleasure."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : fewer arms or a leg that I've lopped off implies weight loss and not amputation ","questions":"How can the speaker become smaller and leaner?","answer":"Weight-loss"}
{"text":["(Through interpreter) I'm worried because he doesn't want to go to school. And immigration might say I don't send him to school. So I try and convince him by telling him I'm going to buy him a \"Peppa Pig\" backpack. But he doesn't want to go. So I don't know what I'm going to do. I don't think I'm going to be able to get him to go to school this year, but maybe next year.","Well, he's 3. I'd say it's important to be with his mother.","(Through interpreter) Yes. I have him coddled. I'm taking care of him, so he forgets the moment he was taken away. The worst part about that is that he was taken while he was sleeping. He was sleeping along the way. So he woke up without me.","I'm sorry. They took your child while he was sleeping?","(Through interpreter) Yes. He was sleeping when they came for more kids. The other kids were older, so they stayed awake. But he's younger, so he was sleeping. And I was holding him while he was sleeping for a while. But when they took him away, he was still asleep. So he woke up without me.","So when he went to sleep he was - I'm having a difficult time with this. When he went to sleep, he was in his mother's arms. And when he woke up, he thought his mother had given him up."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Buying a 'Peppa Pig' backpack is a bribe for the child to go to school","questions":"Which cartoon character's backpack did PersonA offer to buy for the child as a bribe to go to school?","answer":"Peppa"}
{"text":["(Laughter) Well, listen. This was an amazing victory for Alabama. It was a victory, I think, for decency - common decency. And it shows that Alabama was willing to put principle over party. I was very excited that my district overperformed. And I was particularly excited about the African-American turnout. You know, I think that people understood that the stakes were high. This administration has had a negative effect on our community. It's reversing a lot of the Obama-era progress that we've made. And I'm just very pleased that people showed up and showed out.","Was the role of women especially important?","Absolutely. You know, it was shown that Doug received 57 percent of all female votes. And that included 98 percent of the African-American women vote. The issues that matter most to my district affect the family and affect our children. And so I think that you really saw a major outpouring of women, especially African-American women, in this election.","On the other hand, as there always is with those journalists, Roy Moore was an especially polarizing figure, even among Republicans. Do you draw any significance from what you were able to accomplish in this election with what you think Democrats ought to be doing for 2018?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The listener asks whether women played a crucial role in the election.","questions":"What percentage of African-American women voted for Doug?","answer":"98"}
{"text":["Well, let me ask you this. When you say, you know, lights out, he's pretty much out of sight. Why is Huckabee sticking with the race?","Because there's another spot on the ticket besides this one.","Yes, that is so true. Well, let's look at the demographics on both races, Democratic and Republican. Can we say anything about the trends by race, by first time voter, any trends among voters for the Democratic or Republican races?","By and large the Democratic demographics were what we've seen in the past. In Maryland in particular we saw again where the African\u2014American vote was overwhelmingly for Barack Obama, but he did not do comparably well among whites. Now, we did see a deviation from that in Virginia, which was the largest state that was voting yesterday. And in Virginia we saw for the first time a substantial portion - in fact about half - of the white vote going for Barack Obama. He also won among white men. He did not win white women, but if you look at all men, he carried two-thirds of all men and he carried 60 percent of all women in Virginia."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"demographics\" implies a deeper analysis of voting patterns beyond just simple demographics like age, race, and gender.","questions":"Which aspect of voting patterns does \"demographics\" imply in turn 2?","answer":"Age"}
{"text":["You know, there are a number of reporters who've contacted me that have said, what do you we do?I've got sinusitis. What do I do?It clearly is a prevalent problem in the general population. But clearly, we need controlled clinical trials to determine the efficacy of these kinds of interventions. And the FDA has ruled that if we are doing such trials, we need investigational drug status for every species that we want to instill into a patient to treat our disease.","So it maybe a while before we can actually get to a point where we would be instilling these kinds of organisms into the sinuses. But it's certainly another way of thinking about treating chronic inflammatory disease, of the sinuses, at least. There's certainly prostins in the gastrointestinal tract. For example, when there's recalcitrant C.  difficile, clostridium difficile infection, which is this thing that outgrows when patients have had, again, a lot of antimicrobials and have depleted diversity. Fecal transplant works very well.","So taking the feces of a spouse or a relative, and basically repopulating the gastrointestinal tract with those species, has a rate of 91 percent efficacy. So I think we could consider this for mucosal services as, perhaps, the general rule that this kind of restoration ecology approach to try to reinstate the healthy protective organisms in this niches, maybe an alternative strategy for treating some of these chronic inflammatory diseases.","Yeah. Did we once all have them and they went away somehow?Or what - why did some of us have the healthy population and some of us don't?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Fecal transplant may be an alternative strategy for treating chronic inflammatory diseases.","questions":"What is the alternative strategy for treating chronic inflammatory diseases?","answer":"Fecal"}
{"text":["Well, it's interesting. What you find in the data is that Trump did very well among self-described evangelicals. But he did far better among self-described evangelicals who don't regularly attend church. Cruz destroyed him amongst evangelicals who go to church regularly.","And what's also important about that is there's a lot of evidence that white Americans who don't regularly attend church do worse economically and are much more pessimistic about the state of the country. And that's also what Trump tapped into, this sense of deep pessimism about the state of the country. And that pessimism is greater among Americans who don't regularly attend religious services.","And you just - according to your article, you don't see this in just one side of the political divide, do you?","No. What's interesting is that the same divide you see between Ted Cruz and Donald Trump voters, you also saw between Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton voters. So if you look at white Democrats, white Democrats who went to church were much more - religious institutions at all - much more likely to be Hillary Clinton supporters. Bernie Sanders much more likely to win the votes of those who did not regularly attend religious institutions."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Trump's success was driven by tapping into the deep pessimism felt by white Americans who don't regularly attend church, and this sense of pessimism is even stronger among them than it is among those who attend religious services regularly.","questions":"What group of Americans did Trump tap into to drive his success?","answer":"White"}
{"text":["Right. You have this really shocking statistic in your article where you say that personal consumption amounts to 70 percent of the American economy.","Yeah, that's right. Basically, we are the engine of our own economy. And for far too long apparently, we've just been swiping our Visa cards willy nilly and pumping up this economy. The worry is that when we stop doing that, which is what's happening, our economy is going to sag.","So you went out to see if it was sagging. You went to the Mall of America. What did you find?","The most ambitious mall in the United States, the mall that is doing the most to put you in the fugue state that allows you to spend. They're up against it at the Mall of America. What I found was a lot of people who weren't shopping all that much and a lot of people that were counting their pennies in a way that they never had before."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The statistic does not electrically shock people but it does greatly surprise people.","questions":"How does the statistic in turn 0 make people feel?","answer":"surprised"}
{"text":["It's been wet in Texas this year, really wet, with record amounts of rain, and that means Texas right now is hot, wet and green. This is making the animal world happy, particularly insects. Take the tarantula hawk wasp for example. What - you've never heard of it?Well, it's so big and so nasty that it attacks tarantulas, who are, as you know, themselves big and nasty. Texas Parks and Wildlife invertebrate biologist Ben Hutchins joins me now from Austin to tell us about this wasp. Hi, Ben.","Hi.","OK, so I've been doing a little research and the tarantula hawk can wrestle and then throw these big, hairy Texas tarantulas onto their backs and then sting them into submission. How in the world is this possible?","Well, it's a pretty spectacular show. And, you know, we actually have several different species of tarantula hawk, and each one has its own different approach. So some will actually flip over onto their back and crawl upside down underneath of the tarantula to sting the tarantulas. Others will dart under there and grab the rear leg of the tarantula and then flip it over. And the tarantula hawk will actually use its back legs to pin down the tarantula's fangs to keep itself from getting bit. And then it delivers that sting, usually at a chink in the armor of the tarantula, so at joints in the legs or in the abdomen of the tarantula. And they can sting multiple times as well, so they'll get in there and make sure that that tarantula is paralyzed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is suggesting that they are uncertain about the future outcome of a situation, and are not making any definitive statements or commitments. The tone and context of the statement could suggest that the speaker is being cautious, non-committal, or may be waiting for more information before making a decision.","questions":"Which tone could suggest that the speaker is being cautious and non-committal?","answer":"Cautious"}
{"text":["Immigrants from so many impoverished and deadly places made America rich in all ways. They built America's great cities and industries, factories and schools. They made the American dream come alive in the world. As Margaret Thatcher observed from across the ocean, Europe was created by history. America was created by philosophy. The immigrants who arrive today from Haiti, El Salvador, Somalia, Sudan, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Ghana and a hundred other places keep that dream going with their own lives.","The president's choice of language demands attention and has been denounced around the world, including by members of his own political party. But remove that one ugly sensational word from his remarks and what remains might be no less profane. When you slur and insult people from countries who have helped make America, America is smeared, too.","(Singing) If I go away, I want you to pray not for me, for the souls who have gone away before.","Leyla McCalla singing \"A Day For The Hunter, A Day For The Prey. \""],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) The actual meaning of this phrase is to remember those people who have died, not to pray for the singer. ","questions":"Which phrase has a deeper meaning than just asking for prayers for the singer?","answer":"Phrase"}
{"text":["In Brazil, at least 55 prison inmates are dead - strangled or stabbed after fights broke out in four different prisons over the weekend. Officials blame gang violence and say they're transferring some of these inmates to other prisons. Reporter Catherine Osborn is on the line from Rio.","Good morning, Catherine.","Morning.","So what is going on with these gangs in Brazilian prisons?This is a lot of people dead.","Yeah. Many drug gangs that operate outside of jails in Brazil in activities like drug trafficking and extortion operate and recruit from inside of the jails. And they're so powerful inside the prisons that, right after arriving, people join the gangs to get some small amount of protection. Prisons have even earned the nickname schools of crime in Brazil."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Gangs have a lot of power and influence inside Brazilian prisons.","questions":"Which nickname have Brazilian prisons earned in regards to their association with gangs?","answer":"Schools"}
{"text":["What's the word that comes to your mind when I say Miles Davis?","Blue. I mean, (laughter) is that lame?I mean. . .","No. Not at all. And I think there's this aura to this album. And it is about blue. And it's also about the other word I was thinking of, which is cool. You know, when we talk about the 1950s - bebop, which had come out of the '40s, has really reached a sort of maturity. And bebop is all about frenetic tempos and, you know, this real sort of virtuosic mastery. Miles Davis cut his teeth on bebop. But with this album, he really makes a concerted effort to move in a different direction. And so he brings all this space and openness and these kind of languid tempos and creates a mood. It's no secret why people love it. It just feels good.","All right. One of those guys who played on that album was John Coltrane. He also put out a classic album in 1959. Let's listen to a little bit of the title track from \"Giant Steps. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Miles Davis' album creates a mood that people love.","questions":"What is the mood created by Miles Davis' album?","answer":"Miles-Ahead"}
{"text":["There's that feeling - I mean, so many of us have parents in the industry. I mean, that's what this region is about, especially around Detroit, and Wayne State's in Detroit, the heart of Detroit. So, it's nerve-racking. Everyone is nervous. Everyone doesn't know what's going to happen next. We're all watching the news very closely. But at the same time, it's interesting, because with my generation, we almost seem to, kind of, not be as directly impacted. I mean, our family is, it puts stress on us, but the day to day of the university and the day to day at school doesn't seem to have changed that much.","I understand you have friends there who are engineering majors. Do they have any sense of what their future looks like, and will be it there in Michigan?","Everybody is secure in their choices and secure in their decision. Everybody thinks that the industry will come around, especially now with the news that GM is getting money from the government. And everybody is more hopeful, and I mean, the auto industry has always been one of the largest industries and a staple in America, and to think that that industry is just going to vanish, nobody is willing to concede that.","Alex Marinica is a junior studying at Wayne State University in Detroit. Thanks so much, Alex."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite being nervous, the speaker finds the current situation interesting","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the current situation?","answer":"Interesting"}
{"text":["Right. And it's because of a change in the law post-9\/11 that made - that gave the State Department the ability to designate specific terrorist groups. And once that group was designated, they fell under the Patriot Act. And we could investigate - the FBI could investigate specifically individuals both in the United States and overseas that were involved in any kind of transactional or transnational terrorism events with more - a greater ability, I guess, to utilize the techniques available to us.","So what can be done?I mean, are there changes that can be made in the law that might help prevent an attack like the one we saw in El Paso?","Well, there are a lot of laws that apply right now to domestic terrorism, but most of them are state laws. They're not federal laws. There is no federal murder statute, for example, unless you are a federal official of some sort and you are murdered or there's an attempted murder on you. So the El Paso case, for example, is probably going to be prosecuted as a local homicide case of 20 counts of homicide, 22, however many victims we have, by the local DA. It's not a federal case. At this point, the FBI is kind of peripherally assisting that investigation. But they're not specifically involved in or going to be involved in the prosecution. Now. . .","Could the law change?I mean, could Congress pass a law that says that an act like this, when you kill this many people, is a federal crime?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Congress could pass a law to make an act that results in the death of multiple people a federal crime","questions":"What is the potential solution proposed by Congress?","answer":"Patriot"}
{"text":["Today's verdict concludes Hosni Mubarak's retrial. He'd been convicted and sentenced to life in prison in 2012. The verdict was overturned on appeal. In the courtroom today, people burst into cheers, but those who protested in his rule say this is a sign Egypt's revolution has been defeated. NPR's Leila Fadel joins us from Cairo. Thanks for being with us.","Thank you.","And what happened in the courtroom?","Well, basically, the judge dismissed the charges against Mubarak; charges of the killing of hundreds of protesters in 2011 who went to the streets to walk against his rule. He was acquitted on separate corruption charges. And he's expected to go free soon. He's currently serving time on a separate corruption case, and he was convicted of three years on that. His minister of interior, who was reviled for brutal police tactics, was also acquainted as were his deputies. And it left a lot of people asking, well, who is accountable for the more than 800 people that were killed in 2011."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"And he's expected to go free soon.\" - The literal meaning of this sentence is that Hosni Mubarak is expected to be released from prison soon. However, the implied meaning is that there is outrage and concern among some people about Mubarak being released after being acquitted of charges related to the killing of protesters during his rule, and that this could be seen as a sign that justice has not been served.","questions":"How do some people feel about Hosni Mubarak's expected release?","answer":"outrage"}
{"text":["Those of who are interested, who have taken the time to listen to historians, listen to money experts tell us what might happen when that ratio of the debt to the gross product of the country gets big, and it's so big that it's carrying 200 or 300 percent, they just tell you right off you don't have any functioning country.","And last - what is it, last year, the - one of the rating agencies cut the U. S.  AAA rating for the first time not because there was any great concern about the economy of the United States but because of dysfunction in Washington, because the various parties could not agree.","You got it, my friend. They did that, and they're apt to do more. And right now I guess the point we ought to talk about to you and your listeners, understanding that I'm not there, and I'm not a player, a participant, but yet I'm a player, one of the outside groups that finds his way in through cracks and corners and talks to the people over there.","I think they are trying to get something, led by the secretary of the Treasury, who's Geithner. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A large national debt will lead to a non-functional country.","questions":"Which word describes the potential outcome of a country with a large national debt, as mentioned by A?","answer":"Non-functional"}
{"text":["Not letting anybody down - what do you mean?just being able to hold the salute for so long.","Yeah, maintain my position and in life. You know, it's much more than one day out of the year thing. The families that lost their loved ones, they're like, wow, my son wanted to be that. And it kind of honors them, in essence, because it doesn't let the sacrifice go in vain.","This seems to resonate with Korean vets, who are getting older now, vets from Vietnam, same thing - also Iraq, Afghanistan. I mean, it's all generations.","Yes, and it's very humbling. I was in a diner in Lexington, Ky.  And this guy saw a shirt I had with my salute on the back that said, thank you, veterans in all the wars. And he goes, I know that Marine. And I'm like, well, I'm that Marine. He started to cry. He said, please keep doing it. He had to give up his motorcycle when he came home from war. And now he bounces and tries to go to school and is trying to find his way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : letting anybody down implies not to disappoint anyone not to bring people down from carrying them on high ","questions":"What does the shirt on PersonA's back say?","answer":"Veterans"}
{"text":["Story's still unfolding, we understand. What are you hearing?","Well, the evidence is that the Islamic State is behind this. In addition to French President Francois Hollande saying that the attacks were the work of ISIS, the group itself claimed responsibility in an online statement a short time ago. And they say the attacks were a response to French airstrikes in Syria and that France would remain, in their words, a top target as long as it continued its current policies.","This has been independently confirmed by intelligence officials you've been able to talk to.","Well, my understanding is that officials first started to suspect ISIS was behind this late last night. There were some cellphone conversations or texts that the gunmen were exchanging while the attacks were going on. And they mentioned ISIS. And here's why that's important. You remember the Mumbai attacks in 2008 that were - those were attacks on hotels and Jewish centers and a railway station. Well, one of the ways that they traced it back to the perpetrators was by picking up phone conversations between the gunmen and their handlers in Pakistan. The information is still coming in, but it appears that something similar happened here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3): The implication is that intelligence officials have already confirmed the suspicion that ISIS was behind the attacks. ","questions":"What is the evidence behind the suspicion of ISIS involvement in the attacks?","answer":"Phone"}
{"text":["So I think - I think we're - we have to understand the complexity of it. I think we have to understand that the president has put together a good team on this. And now we're really looking at the next step. But I do think it's important to underscore that in this kind of negotiation, especially at this high level, you get to walk away from the table once. You don't get to walk away from the table twice.","Right. I mean, you used a phrase there, pick up the pieces. It's not just President Trump and North Korea. It's the president's son-in-law trying to almost single handedly bring Middle East peace after the United States took a move like moving the embassy to Jerusalem. You know, some would say that the Trump administration gives away the carrots, like moving the embassy to Jerusalem, without getting concessions and only selectively applies the sticks, like curtailing Palestinian aid. Doesn't that make it harder to negotiate?","Sometimes it can. Sometimes, however, that - what you want to do is try to rearrange the pieces on the table and do so in ways that are surprising or unexpected and can open space for - for talks and negotiations.","Do you think Jared Kushner is the man to do that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There are not pieces on a table but there are happenings in countries that are open for negotiation.","questions":"Which negotiations are being referred to in the statement?","answer":"Open"}
{"text":["Let me just unpack that. SIT: sexually transmitted infection?","Yes.","That's - okay. So, you've got a lot of diversity in the book, people of all races. Did you make a choice as to how to portray not just body size diversity of issue diversity, but also racial diversity?","Well, absolutely. I think that it's very important for a variety of reasons. Number one: Women need to be able to see themselves in print. So I made sure to include Asian women, Indian women, black, Hispanic women, white women, all shapes and sizes and all different types of bodies - not just super skinny, not just very large, but everybody in between: flat butts, big butts, big boobs, little boobs. . .","Everything's in \"Body Drama. \"And I did that because we want to see ourselves, but we're also really curious about what other people look like. And it's that information and acknowledgement that can really help us get over our own body drama, by seeing, oh, wow - I hear this from all the girls who look at the book. Oh, okay. My boobs aren't that bad after all.","And I'd take that to mean that women are sitting around looking in the mirror and then looking at the airbrushed magazines and looking at the surgically enhanced pornography. And when you see actual, real representations of bumpy nipples, of large areola, of imperfect sizes, where one is bigger than the other, then you can look in the mirror and say, all right. Well, actually, I am normal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B: Let me just unpack that.  Actual meaning: Let me clarify what you mean. Literal meaning: Let me take something out of a suitcase or package.","questions":"Which item did PersonB ask PersonA to clarify?","answer":"SIT"}
{"text":["And what a mess it's going to be because you've got 73 British seats out of 751 total. So once Brexit happens, presuming it does, you've got, you know, basically 10% of the Parliament that's just going to vanish. Some of those seats that will go to U. K.  candidates now will be abolished altogether, and others will be redistributed to other member states, who also very much would've liked to have that happen before these elections. But the U. K.  is going to play a huge role in electing a body that it won't even be a member of long-term.","It sounds incredibly messy. I want to ask also about these nationalist and far-right candidates more broadly across the European Union, since we're in a time where that sentiment is on the rise. How are those candidates expected to do in places like France and Italy?","Well, France and Italy are two places where they're expected to do quite well. You've got Marine Le Pen running basically neck-and-neck with President Emmanuel Macron's party. So that certainly is disconcerting to the mainstream political parties. And, of course, Italy's Deputy Prime Minister Matteo Salvini is one of the most popular politicians in all of Europe. So some of those parties are expected to do quite well.","And, in fact, they were just holding a meeting of 12 of these far-right parties this weekend, banding together trying to rally support ahead of the elections. And if you listen to them, they say that they could come in even second or a third political group, but polls show them still down around fourth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Neck and neck means that they are tied in voting numbers.","questions":"How are Marine Le Pen and President Emmanuel Macron's party running in France?","answer":"Quite"}
{"text":["I think that teenagers - I mean, some were very passionately involved in this. And, you know, teachers do feel things very passionately. It's why they're such a great audience to write for. But others are getting a little bit fed up because these controversies within YA, especially, are dominated by adults, and they're led by adults. So the teens are starting to kind of push back a little bit and saying, you know, this community is supposed to be for us, and you guys are messing it up.","(Laughter) As adults often do mess up things, don't we?","It's true. We ruin everything.","Kat Rosenfield, her article \"The Toxic Drama On YA Twitter\" is on Vulture. com. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Suggesting that adults are often responsible for causing problems.","questions":"What is the reason for adults ruining things according to the dialogue?","answer":"Flaws"}
{"text":["Right.","You know, she said, he's sort of Ralph Lauren type. Do you like that type?And here I am thinking, like, God, no.","What did she ask you to do?","She didn't tell me to do anything. She just said, just do whatever he asks, and you'll be fine. And again, that's another comment that was made as we were leaving the car as we walked into the house that didn't land right away. But obviously, in hindsight now, that - the comment, you know, landed pretty hard with me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The comment made by 'she' had a significant impact on A","questions":"What is the name of the person who made the comment that affected A?","answer":"She"}
{"text":["So one of the most famous stories about Julie takes place at a royal ball, at the Palais Royal. She attended in men's clothes. She often dressed in men's clothes, in the way that Katharine Hepburn dressed in men's clothes, not pretending to be a man, just, that was her style. And she saw a young woman on the dance floor, beautiful young woman, and she kissed her. Everyone gasped. And three men, one after another, three noblemen challenged her to a duel. So she said to them, one after another, yes, I'll meet you outside at midnight. Fought them, one after another, beat them all and then returned to the ball.","(Laughter) Just another night at the palace.","As you do, that's right. And, you know, that really sealed her reputation as a wild, uncontained woman who just did not care about any of the protocols.","Yeah. And how important was historical accuracy to you as a novelist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"Just another night at the palace\" is an idiomatic expression used to suggest that the situation described is not unusual or surprising. It does not mean that such events commonly occur at the palace.","questions":"How is \"Just another night at the palace\" used in the dialogue?","answer":"Sarcastic"}
{"text":["About a year ago, my husband started getting Facebook friend invitations from like every girl he ever went to school with, and it seemed as if half of them confessed crushes on him.","Lissa Soep quickly figured out social networking sites not only allowed her to get back in touch with people - her husband could reconnect with folks from his past, too. But it turns out that's not all bad.","These were girls frozen in his memory with teenage breasts, AP English minds, and a sense that anything was possible. Like this one girl from seventh grade. She friended my husband on Facebook and then reminisced about the day his family moved away. She put on her favorite dress, painted her nails purple, and worked up all her courage to hug him goodbye. Isn't that so funny, she wrote. How silly we are as kids?","You think I'd be mad or at least threatened by all this nostalgia, but I wasn't. For a split second, at least, my husband was less familiar to me, and I mean that in a good way. With so many people my age riding Facebook like a time machine to our past lives and loves, you might expect the site would be breaking up marriages or at least unleashing all sorts of digital infidelity. Some of that is happening."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : His memory had these girls staying the way they were and not changing into what they are now. ","questions":"How did the girls remain in his memory?","answer":"Crushes"}
{"text":["Well you know, I'd been rapping for years. I mean, since grade school and so forth but I, you know, I really didn't make my professional outing until college. At that time we were just, you know, all hanging around at the college radio station, listening to music and writing songs and none of us had really released any albums yet. And it just dawned on us that, you know, given the state of the industry, if we weren't going to put out our records then our music would probably never get heard. And fast forward 10-plus years later this is it.","So what was it like performing for the first time in a venue, not in a dorm room, not just with your friends, where were you and what was that like?","I think the first, what I would consider the first show was - I was the very first act on a show at a club here in San Francisco called The Stone. And on that bill it was pretty amazing. I mean I was absolutely first in order on a bill of like \u2026","Which is a blessing and a curse."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Being the first act on the bill is both a blessing and a curse.","questions":"Which act was PersonB on the bill at The Stone?","answer":"First"}
{"text":["And you actually crossed a few lanes of traffic to get out there and check it out.","Yeah.","What did it feel like to be in that no man's land?","Yeah. I know, I felt like Robinson Crusoe. I felt like some postmodern Vasco da Gama, I don't know. The idea to go into this place - obviously completely ludicrous 'cause no one would go across these lanes of traffic, which travel at quite a speed. And so of course I pretended to be like from the Council or some person in authority, you know, classifying the shrubbery. You know, I did my little faux survey and then escaped. But yeah, what a strange feeling and available to all of us 'cause we've all got these places around where we live."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : there are no turns in this conversation. whose actual meaning are different from their literal meanings. all of the turn are being used in a straight forward and literal meaning.","questions":"What was PersonA pretending to be when they crossed the lanes of traffic?","answer":"councilperson"}
{"text":["Well, Manafort has a second case. That case is here in Washington, D. C. He pleaded guilty to two conspiracy charges. This is a case that was also brought by special counsel Robert Mueller. Manafort, in D. C, agreed to cooperate with the government. That cooperation deal collapsed after the special counsel's team essentially said that he lied to investigators about a number of things.","The presiding judge in D. C. , Judge Amy Berman Jackson, agreed with the government. The maximum sentence that Manafort faces here in D. C.  is 10 years. Now, the question that hangs over all of this is whether Judge Jackson here in D. C.  is going to make him serve, whatever sentence she gives him, simultaneously or stagger it. So is he going to get another 10 years in addition to what he got in Virginia?","Any chance of a presidential pardon?","The president has not taken that entirely off the table, but his lawyers say it's not under discussion."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"That cooperation deal collapsed after the special counsel's team essentially said that he lied to investigators about a number of things.\" - The actual meaning here is that Manafort broke the cooperation deal by lying to investigators, which resulted in the deal collapsing.","questions":"What caused the cooperation deal to collapse?","answer":"Lying"}
{"text":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The President's remarks suggested that he was not taking Puerto Rico's plight as seriously as he did other disaster areas.","questions":"What did the President's budget director have to do the next day after the President's comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis?","answer":"Texas"}
{"text":["Thank you, Sacha. It's good to be here.","So I assume that the past few days have been an emotional roller coaster for Sudan. It finally ousted its leader, but then another autocrat took his place. And that spurred more protests. And suddenly, that person was also gone. How are you feeling now?","Yeah. I mean, it's definitely been - it feels a lot longer than a week, for sure. And you know, we've kind of been dealing with just so many emotions. And you know, I've been feeling very hopeful and then suddenly somewhat doubtful. And then, you know, it's back to just being, you know, persistent and making sure that everything that's happened so far is not lost.","And yeah, I mean, it's definitely been a very emotionally charged, you know, few months and especially just the last week. I mean, I think now morales are high. I think people are still, you know, just sort of keeping their eye on their prize of a full democratic transition to a civilian-led government and not a military-led government.","When the defense minister stepped in, was that viewed as a coup - and not in a good way?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : people are still, keeping their eye on their prize of a full democratic transition to a civilian-led government and not a military-led government. So when the defense minister stepped in it was viewed as a cop.","questions":"How was the defense minister's intervention viewed?","answer":"Coup"}
{"text":["You had to actually take the thing apart to change games.","Take out the battery and everything to change games.","That would be a drawback.","That's a drawback. And number two - they didn't have any games. There was, like, two games that were worth playing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"That would be a drawback\" - The speaker is not referring to the act of physically removing the battery and taking the thing apart to change games as a drawback. Instead, they are referring to the fact that this process is inconvenient as a drawback.","questions":"Which process is referred to as a drawback?","answer":"Process"}
{"text":["And the bottom line is - I think it's a bold step because, you know, he's still is subject to the Presidential Records Information Act. So, you know, anything he does on that could in fact be subpoenaed. So - but he's used to using it. I think it's going to make him continue to have that comfort zone. I think he's probably going to be very cautious as to what messages he decides to use that for. But if people want to subpoena that he's got to go and have somebody pick up the milk maybe. . .","You know, I don't know.","The president's got a Black Ops BlackBerry. That's going to be really. . .","Yeah, but they did remove\u2026."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The bottom line means the most important fact of the situation.","questions":"What does turn 0 imply?","answer":"Uncertain"}
{"text":["Yes. So, given the fact that I had been able to, you know, prove myself under harsh circumstances, prove my judgment, my composure, my, you know, warrior spirit, if you will, despite all this and despite the medals that came and the valor devices and everything - you know, there's a position called a combat controller. And the officer version of that is a special tactics officer. It would have been right up my alley. Despite everything that I had just proven, I was barred from even applying for that job.","Major Hegar, I got to ask you a couple of questions. I want it understood they in no way question your valor, your physical, mental or emotional capabilities. But, you know, the U. S.  Marine Corps, for example, has a 12-week course for officers that's a prerequisite for leaving infantry units. And the first two women who tried to make it through that course last year didn't.","Right.","Do you think standards should in any way be changed so that you get more equal numbers of men and women?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  This statement implies that the interviewer has doubts about Major Hegar's capabilities, but is not directly expressing them. ","questions":"Which word in the dialogue suggests that the interviewer has reservations about Major Hegar's abilities?","answer":"Reservations"}
{"text":[". . . And because I've written certain things. And now I know that certain people in Saudi Arabia that I can't even name, people who work at the Royal Court, are putting names on a list, people like me and others. And these people are now blacklisted in this country. And we know it. I mean, we all know it, OK?So this is it. This is what's at stake.","Why do you think this is happening now?","What's different now is certain regimes, even if they were fierce and bold and sometimes ruthless with their own opponents, did not do this level of things abroad or in the daylight, OK?Mubarak could make opponents disappear in Egypt. He would never dare to touch someone in the streets of London or Berlin. The Saudi leadership used to kidnap some princes for family reasons in Switzerland or elsewhere, but they would not kill someone in the streets of Paris or Rome, OK?So this is now different. These countries today feel that they have withered an extraordinarily enormous storm, which is the Arab revolution that started in 2011, OK?So they are today on a full-blast quest and hunt against anybody who could threaten their political existence.","If the West specifically and the United States don't react forcefully to Jamal Khashoggi's disappearance, what do you think the effect will be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are on a list of people that are treated badly by the country.","questions":"What is the consequence of the Arab revolution that started in 2011?","answer":"Consequence"}
{"text":["Inside the box is a hand mirror, which is made not from glass but of pumiced metal. It has a wooden handle decorated with gold. The Egyptians weren't alone. Through the ages, women have had their cosmetics and must-haves. Curator Jane Adlin said the French called their ornate cosmetic boxes necessaires.","You would find tiny little perfume flasks, combs, nail files, tiny scissors. These are clearly meant for the luxury market and were pieces that could have been owned by Madame de Pompadour or royalty, and were carried by their maids and brought out when the madam would ask for a comb or whatever.","Finally, someone placed the box on a table and drew up a chair.","When portables and tables come together and become the dressing table - and that's sort of late 1700s. And by the mid-1800s, the dressing table has become this sort of extraordinary furniture piece of the beginning of the era of the dressing table."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : implies that the box was placed in a specific location in preparation for someone to use it, rather than just setting it down on a table.","questions":"What action was taken with the box in turn 2?","answer":"Placed"}
{"text":["WHYY.","Excellent. And tell us a little bit about your situation. You wrote that you are a member of the sandwich generation. What does that mean?","Well, it means that I'm taking care of children, and I'm also taking care of an elderly mother.","So, you've got a lot of expenses. How are you coping with those expenses right now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is facing financial difficulties due to caregiving responsibilities.","questions":"How is the PersonA's financial situation?","answer":"Difficulties"}
{"text":["And within hours, the guy was arrested. And we could see him being taken into a police station.","With such fear in Beijing, how were you able to report the story?","You know, we couldn't hire translators. That was dangerous. Nobody answered their phones, so we just monitored Chinese television. You know, you could listen to shortwave broadcasts. You could go out on the streets. You know, I reread the transcripts of my first day reporting. And we were out with a taxi. The taxi driver, he tapped my arm under the steering wheel because he wanted me to see all the troops in the street, but he kept his eyes straight ahead.","Then we decided that we would hire a rickshaw - one of those buggies that's propelled by a man on a bike. So I put a microphone down my sleeve and a tape recorder in my bag, and we headed off. And I'm narrating what I'm looking at. And this is what it sounded like 30 years ago."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Reporting in China was dangerous and required creative measures to obtain information.","questions":"How did they monitor Chinese television?","answer":"Shortwave"}
{"text":["Well, that's a big part of the checkout of the - what we're doing for the first month or so is just going through and sort of systematically checking out each part of the rover, all of the science instruments, the basic mobility, capability, the arm, the different pieces just to make sure everything is okay after the voyage to Mars.","And then we'll start doing the science mission and really, in earnest, you know, start exploring the area around Bradbury's Landing. It's - in the case of ChemCam, we also get the benefit with the laser that we were actually able to do some early science measurements, as well. And so, as part of the checkout, we got science data in addition.","Do you have a rock in mind that you want to zap in earnest?","We did, yeah. Well, we actually zapped pretty much the area right around where the rover landed. And it's actually interesting to the scientists because the plume of the rocket engines actually, sort of, scoured out an area on both sides of the rover, which normally Mars is covered, all the surface area is covered, with a lot of dust."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that B wants to know if A has any Rock in mind that they want to use the rover's instruments to study.","questions":"How did PersonA respond to PersonB's question regarding a rock to study?","answer":"Wedid"}
{"text":["And so when two clumps of free protons and electrons hit each other, they will slow each other down. But dark matter has no charge. That's why we can't see it because the only reason you and I could see anything, it's because there's charges that are being accelerated. That's what light is. But if something has no charge, it doesn't give off light.","So yeah, so in the Bullet Cluster, dark matter and galaxies stayed together just as they should, and in Abell 520, they do not, and that is a mystery as to why exactly that is. There isn't a comfortable explanation that can be readily arrived at.","Is there a theory about what may be happening, or just - you have to just think about it some more?","Well, so there's a number of things that could be happening. All of them are slightly disturbing."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The speaker is discussing the phenomenon of dark matter and how it behaves in the Bullet Cluster and Abell 520. The fact that dark matter and galaxies stay together in the Bullet Cluster but not in Abell 520 is a mystery.","questions":"Which cluster is being discussed in relation to the mystery surrounding the behavior of dark matter and galaxies?","answer":"Abell"}
{"text":["They won't be in the wild, as I understand. It's still under human care but in different circumstances?","Yeah, they'll be in a setting that is, as closely as possible, approximates the natural conditions where dolphins typically live, i. e. , natural seawater, in the ocean, in a setting that has vegetated shorelines and natural bottoms and organisms, you know, plants and animals that would otherwise be found there. But they will be under human care for most likely their entire lives, yes.","Do you anticipate adjustment problems?The aquarium, I guess, is the only home they've ever really known.","They have all known - either all or very - the lion's share of their lives in this kind of setting. And it will be a completely new experience for them. So they need to go through a lot of acclamation, both behaviorally and physiologically, in order to make this transition successfully."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implications in (3) is that the dolphins may have trouble adjusting to the new environment due to them being used to living in aquariums.","questions":"Which animals may face acclamation problems in a new environment?","answer":"dolphins"}
{"text":["My parents are living in Northern Virginia right now.","They've had a hard time too - or anxious time, I should say.","Not as anxious as I have been mainly because they're very confident that if something happens, then something better is going to happen.","What would something better be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is less confident than their parents about the future.","questions":"How does the speaker feel compared to their parents about the future?","answer":"Less"}
{"text":["Story's still unfolding, we understand. What are you hearing?","Well, the evidence is that the Islamic State is behind this. In addition to French President Francois Hollande saying that the attacks were the work of ISIS, the group itself claimed responsibility in an online statement a short time ago. And they say the attacks were a response to French airstrikes in Syria and that France would remain, in their words, a top target as long as it continued its current policies.","This has been independently confirmed by intelligence officials you've been able to talk to.","Well, my understanding is that officials first started to suspect ISIS was behind this late last night. There were some cellphone conversations or texts that the gunmen were exchanging while the attacks were going on. And they mentioned ISIS. And here's why that's important. You remember the Mumbai attacks in 2008 that were - those were attacks on hotels and Jewish centers and a railway station. Well, one of the ways that they traced it back to the perpetrators was by picking up phone conversations between the gunmen and their handlers in Pakistan. The information is still coming in, but it appears that something similar happened here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Story's still unfolding, we understand. What are you hearing?  Implicated meaning: B is acknowledging that the situation is still developing and they are aware of that. The actual meaning is that B is asking A for any updates or information they may have heard.","questions":"How did officials first suspect ISIS was behind the attack?","answer":"Updates"}
{"text":["Now, recent satellite pictures show that they are putting these things back together - the buildings, the rail system, the launch pad. It's not exactly clear when they started. It could have started in mid-February, before the summit. Work could have been going on as recently as over the weekend, after the summit finished.","OK. So the timing of this is a little tricky about whether this is North Korea responding to those summit talks falling apart.","That's right. A couple things to remember. First of all, you know, they can launch missiles from mobile launchers. So this site is not that big a deal. Another thing is that when North Korea made these gestures and said, now, why don't you reciprocate?People were just dismissing these as insignificant concessions. They were saying, you know, North Korea's just trying to hand us their junk. These sites are outdated. They're not worth much. Well, by that token, then people should not be too alarmed about them being reassembled.","OK. So I mean, but we've always talked about that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are, you know, something to be reckoned with. So explain exactly why we're not supposed to be so concerned about this one move."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the literal meaning is that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are something to be reckoned with and the speaker is asking why we shouldn't be concerned about this one move. However, the actual meaning is that the speaker is asking for an explanation as to why the reassembling of the site should not be a cause for concern, despite the fact that North Korea's nuclear capabilities are usually considered a threat.","questions":"What is the speaker in turn 3 asking for?","answer":"Explanation"}
{"text":["The Trump administration - or at least the president - have indicated previously they don't share this conclusion. Saudi Embassy says the claims and the purported assessment are false. Now, let's note - President Trump has often criticized the U. S.  intelligence establishment, saying they're not right on Russia. Oh, yeah. They were the ones who said Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.","We have to ask, is there any indication in this CIA report, which has sources inside, that this is some kind of attempt by what the president's supporters call the deep state to bring him into line?","No, I don't think so. I mean, the CIA - you know, for all of the ways that the president somehow misunderstands how they operate - is looking at this situation objectively. And, yes, to some degree, they are factoring in subjective judgments about how people behave, like the crown prince. But this is not an attempt, I think, to, you know, bring the crown prince to heel or to somehow influence policy.","And we should note, too, the president, I mean, has been briefed on the CIA's findings. And what we understand is that he keeps resisting them because he doesn't have, I guess, the smoking gun. He keeps asking, well, where's the body?Or, show me the definitive proof that Mohammed bin Salman ordered this. And, you know, it doesn't always work that way."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies that the CIA is conducting an objective investigation and not trying to influence policy.","questions":"What is the CIPersonA's approach to the investigation according to turn 2?","answer":"objectively"}
{"text":["(Laughter) They're very egalitarian. They want to win over each other. They have clusters in corners of libraries and gymnasiums. And you have to make a 15 percent threshold. So if you don't get 15 percent of the vote as a candidate, then your supporters have to go to someone else, and that's when it gets hairy in there where people are, you know, trying to make the case for someone to come to their side.","And how does this wind up translating itself to delegates?","It's a very complicated, long and winding process that actually takes months. And none of the results on election night actually translate to the delegates that go to the national convention. They're not bound in any way. In fact, most of this is just for momentum. It's a very small slice of delegates that wind up going to the nominating process. So really, we're talking about Sen.  Sanders, Hillary Clinton trying to gain momentum heading into the next contests.","Let me ask you about the specific party races. According to opinion polls, Mr.  Trump has extended his lead on the Republican side. Does he have an organization to deliver, or is it all (unintelligible)?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Does Mr. Trump have the support to win the Republican nomination, or is it uncertain?","questions":"What is the implied uncertainty regarding Mr. Trump's chances of winning the Republican nomination?","answer":"winning"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","So. . .","So I take it you don't like it.","I think it's kind of a joke. I think it has nothing to do with Wall Street.","Well, bullish markets - that sort of thing - yeah?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : You don't like the topic and think it is a joke, not related to Wall Street.","questions":"Which topic does PersonA think is not related to Wall Street?","answer":"Topic"}
{"text":["Super Saver and Calvin Borel one full length from Derby here. Noble's Promise runs in second. Patty O'Connell is now third. Make Music for Me, Big Mountain, (Unintelligible) on the outside and they're coming down to the finish. And it is Super Saver.","Wow. Now it occurred to me, when we were during some preparation on you - like a baseball announcer, all he or she has to do is go, when there's a home run - Yoho.","(Laughter).","But you have to rattle off eight or nine names that might have been unfamiliar to you - just a couple of - I mean, how you do it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) is a metaphor that implies the speaker was impressed by the announcer's ability to quickly and accurately recite all the names of the horses.","questions":"Which announcer impressed the speaker with their ability to quickly and accurately recite all the names of the horses?","answer":"Announcer"}
{"text":["I am honored to be the district attorney of Brooklyn. But with respect to wrongful conviction cases, I have inherited a mess. I am currently investigating over 100 claims of wrongful convictions. Those numbers are staggering. And that's why I created the conviction review unit, and was able to convince a very prominent, well-respected law professor, Ron Sullivan, who's a law professor at Harvard Law School, to come down to Brooklyn and run my unit.","How do you go to the family of a victim of the original crime and tell them that the person or persons they thought killed their loved one didn't?","That was the hardest thing I had to do to. To sit down with the Blenner family and to let them know that the two defendants whom they believed for 29 years were responsible for the abduction, robbery and murder of their son and brother were wrongfully convicted was extremely difficult. And I pledged to them that I would do all I could to pursue the leads that we do have because we have leads to try to hold the people who killed him responsible.","How does a conviction review unit go about the business of looking at so many cases?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) B's question is a rhetorical question meant to express the difficulty and emotional burden of having to inform a victim's family that the conviction was wrongful, rather than seeking a direct answer.","questions":"What was the name of the law professor from Harvard Law School who was convinced by PersonA to run the conviction review unit in Brooklyn?","answer":"Ron"}
{"text":["You know, it's funny because I think the story is very recognizable because - yeah. Because the premise of the story is a similar kind of thing, but all of these Jewish traditions are subbed out for made up traditions. But I think all the arguments - all the conversations about it are just as ludicrous in the real world. And so this story, which, you know, involves, yeah, goat sacrifice and marriage cloaks and promise eggs, to me is one of the more grounded, realistic stories in the collection.","One of the stories in the collection is called \"Missed Connection-m4w\" - men for women - and it begins sort of like a Craigslist post in missed connections and then evolves from there. And you actually first published this on Craigslist. Is that right?","Yeah. What the story is about is about this guy who can't work up the nerve to talk to this woman sitting on the same train car as him. And in fact, 60 years pass where they. . .","He also can't get up and leave."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when something is grounded in this context it means something is more realistic","questions":"What does the word \"grounded\" mean in turn 0?","answer":"Realistic."}
{"text":["Now, the beauty of this country, though, is that when you represent those groups, I'd say that they're just really upset with this administration for the things that you pointed out, this is why they get to participate in this process. Now, we have another election. And that's why I believe those who have the boldness and the courage to run for president should also have the boldness and the courage to go to stages that aren't typically their turf.","That is Bob Vander Plaats. He's the CEO of The Family Leader. That's a conservative political organization based in Iowa. He's issued invitations to the top seven polling Democrats to come and speak to his group in July. And he was kind enough to speak to us from Urbandale, Iowa.","Mr.  Vander Plaats, thanks so much for talking to us. Keep us posted about your plans, if you would.","Will do."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Represented groups are unhappy with the current administration but can still participate in the political process","questions":"What are the groups upset about?","answer":"Currentadministration"}
{"text":["Well, I think a lot of us have become inert to that. Certainly, we have problems in spades. And for any journalist who wants to come to the city and write about its resurgence, which is taking place in pockets in the city, they do well not to generalize because it shows that you're turning a blind eye to the people who've struggled the hardest to stay here.","Michael Jackman is managing editor of the Detroit Metro Times. Thanks so much for being with us.","It's my pleasure.","This is NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) is that people have become inactive or lacking in energy, and the speaker is suggesting that there are significant problems that need to be addressed in the city. However, the implied meaning is that people have become desensitized or accustomed to these problems, and the journalist should not make broad generalizations about the city without considering the struggles of its residents.","questions":"How would you describe the suggested reason for not making broad generalizations about the city without considering the struggles of its residents?","answer":"Desensitized"}
{"text":["Haven't there been gag orders during the transition of previous administrations too?","Certainly, every administration tries to control information. That's something, as you said in particular, that the Obama administration was quite aggressive on. And we had put out over many years plenty of not just critical information about the Obama administration but critical information based on inside sources that we cultivated. I will say one of the things that you're seeing with this administration is instances in which various bureaucracies have simply been cut off or shut down. The National Park Service stopped tweeting for a couple of days after they had done a tweet about climate change. And their first tweet after that was an apology for that tweet. That is quite unusual.","But do you have some concern that by making this public call under the Trump administration, at least to more notice than under the Obama administration, you're encouraging the view that the press has a liberal bias?","No, no. Again, what we are encouraging is for people to send information. Now, you can judge us on our stories, if our story may be unfair, if our story may not have enough context. Our job is simply to put important information out there, and we're going to keep doing it. If somebody wants to accuse us of being biased as a part of that, well, there's nothing we can do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied: The Obama administration was aggressive in controlling information and preventing it from being released to the public","questions":"What was the reason for the National Park Service to stop tweeting for a couple of days?","answer":"Backlash"}
{"text":["They can get federal aid. They can get the Pell Grant. In Illinois, they can get state aid, which is up to $5,000 year. And they can qualify for university aid. They can qualify for university scholarships for needy students.","What's been the reaction to your story so far?","There's been a lot of outrage. The thing is there's only a finite amount of money. It's not limitless. So that is true for federal aid, state aid and university aid. So money that is going to these families who would not otherwise be eligible for it means that that's money that is not going to a student who really needs it. In Illinois, for example, last year, there were 82,000 students who were eligible for the state grant who did not get it because the state ran out of money.","Have you heard from federal aid officials?Has anyone weighed in on this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : to weight in on something means to give an opinion on something","questions":"What does \"weighing in\" mean?","answer":"Opinion"}
{"text":["But when we compared Cain against other Republican candidates and looked just at people who were supporting Republican candidate, the racial attitudes predicted, strongly predicted preference for the white candidates.","But the test itself isn't a measure of racism.","It is definitely not a measure of racism. We are very clear to emphasize that this measure something that is perhaps unconscious, in any case most people are unaware of it, and it is possessed by a large of the American population, people who do not at all think of themselves as racist. And we don't think they're lying to us when they say they have egalitarian racial beliefs.","Why is it that they're out of touch with their subconscious?This is too big a question to ask, it may take years to answer for any, you know, any person. But do you have any guesses on that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) Implied meaning is that the test isn't necessarily indicative of racism, even if it appears to measure it.","questions":"What did PersonA emphasize the test is measuring?","answer":"Unconscious"}
{"text":["Now, when we look at this, what they're doing, there was a - you know, in some ways perhaps a minor incident, but a telling one where the British publication, the Telegraph, reported online that the G8 leaders enjoyed a six course lunch followed by an eight course dinner. African leaders were not invited and of course they're talking about the global hunger situation. There was a lot of static about that. Do you think that, that was symbolic in any way or just, you know, big time world business as usual?","Well, Farai now you're going to draw the cynical side out of me. This was an incredibly stupid, careless move, by the G8 leaders where they basically seemed to have thought off camera they could do whatever they wanted to. And they demonstrated, for all to see, the contempt actually that they have towards the rest of the world.","That they basically - they see themselves, as in effect, the rulers of this planet. So, when they're on camera there'll be the tears, there'll be the concern. Off camera you saw this hideous example of consumption.","What do you think the G8 leaders should be doing in terms of an Africa agenda?I'm going to get to a couple of specific things, specific national issues of Zimbabwe and Nigeria in a second."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The G8 leaders see themselves as rulers of the planet.","questions":"What was the perspective of G8 leaders towards their global authority?","answer":"Authority"}
{"text":["So Leslie, what about some splurge wines?","Well, I think in this economy, splurge is a relative term. So what I like to do is tell people to think about makeovers. For example, if they are thinking about spending $100 on a bottle of great champagne, that's wonderful. You can go out and buy Dom Perignon, certainly. Dom Perignon Rose, for example, would set you back a couple hundred dollars. But think about sort of switching that out with another wine. For example, Chandon in Napa Valley is part of the same company that produces Dom Perignon from (unintelligible) in France, and they do a gorgeous wine called Etoile, and it's about $40 for a sparkling wine. So now you've splurged and gotten one of California's best sparkling wines, and it's by the same company that ultimately makes Dom Perignon. So now you've splurged but saved yourself a little Christmas money as well.","Leslie, thank you.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Splurging on expensive wines can be replaced by trying out other affordable, yet equally delicious options.","questions":"How can you save money when splurging on sparkling wine?","answer":"switching"}
{"text":["Not me but we collectively.","We. And then in one place, Philadelphia, I believe, they say yeah mean, which is different.","I thought he played basketball. The Chinese guy, Yao Ming.","Oh, he's - yeah, yeah, yeah.","So it's - I've fallen in love with the phrase. I've fallen in love with the culture, with the people. And just trying to, you know, spread laughter and learn at the same time."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"Yeah mean\" is a colloquial phrase commonly used in Philadelphia. The actual meaning is \"Do you understand what I am saying?\" or \"Do you know what I mean?\"","questions":"Which city uses the phrase \"yeah mean\"?","answer":"Philadelphia"}
{"text":["You know, in the post-Katrina era, Scott, the assumption has been that when a hurricane comes, you focus on that and set other things aside. So it was jarring when the president went ahead with his summit with Kanye West. And as you say, it was a major full-media presence in the Oval Office.","But the president's theme all week has been to keep the focus on the president. He's had a flurry of news availabilities - way more than usual. In fact, in the last month, he's had more than in all the time previously in his presidency - very flashy events, campaign rallies around the country, night after night.","And that happens just as the cable operations - television, news - has - well, they've begun to lose interest in some of those rallies. They're not covering them from beginning to end anymore, sometimes not covering them all - at all, perhaps because they do seem to be news-free campaign events, and maybe because they've become so frequent.","Does this week's sudden stock sell-off raise questions about what had seemed to be so much good news about the economy, including that historically low unemployment rate?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The President has been using flashy events and rallies to maintain the spotlight on himself and his presidency","questions":"Which strategy has the President been using to keep the focus on himself and his presidency?","answer":"Rallies"}
{"text":["Yeah.","You look ahead, and what do you see?Just life is going to be a kind of process of trying to figure out how to live on very reduced circumstances.","Yeah. And my grandparents raised me, and they did live through the Depression. And I've kind of gone back more and more to how they coped. I remember my grandmother telling me how they had to eat the kids' pet chickens for dinner.","Cutting back to two meals a day, that's two things, dire circumstances and also an enormous amount of self discipline."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Life is going to be a struggle due to limited resources","questions":"Which process?","answer":"Coping"}
{"text":["Yeah, you know, there was a lot of that. From our point of view, what we were looking to do was to serve and engage readers. And it was not our intention to look in the window of another bookstore that might be five miles away. And some of the press like to say we opened up in order to put these people out of business, which I thought was ridiculous. But we kind of ignored it and just moved on.","Jumping forward a few years, the digital book revolution changed things tremendously. And at one point, Barnes & Noble put a lot of energy into its own Nook e-reader. . .","Yes.",". . . Thinking it would really kind of be its salvation heading towards the future. But it didn't really work out that way. You know, could it be that the future of books really is going to be good old-fashioned print?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"digital book revolution\" - this is a metaphorical expression that refers to the rapid shift towards digital formats in the publishing industry.","questions":"How did the digital book revolution change things?","answer":"Engage"}
{"text":["Perhaps Thursday night. And he had also mentioned that there - Democrats were, quote, \"trying to steal the election\" and had sort of mentioned fraud and referred the matter onto the state's version of the FBI called the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, known as the FDLE. Well, FDLE, the next day, said, hey, there's no allegation of fraud, that it - they don't even have a complaint.","So far, all of these folks are saying, on the Republican side, hey, there's fraud, it needs to be investigated, while the state investigative agency is like, we're here to investigate. Show us. And so far, there's nothing.","With 20 seconds left, why does this happen a lot in Florida?","Because that's just how we are. I think Tim Russert said Florida, Florida, Florida. Or some people call us Flori-duh (ph). And this is just part of the nature of living here and being a reporter in the Sunshine State."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"on the Republican side\" and \"investigated\" are used in a figurative sense to imply that the Republicans are making unsubstantiated claims of fraud, while the state investigative agency is seeking evidence to determine if such claims are true.","questions":"What claims are Republicans making in the dialogue?","answer":"Fraud"}
{"text":["Well, a pretty disturbing picture has emerged of these two men online - some interest in, I guess, Nazism and Russian communist iconography. And beyond that, very little is known. I mean, they're a mystery to us. They are currently still on the run. Their families have spoken a little bit and have now sort of gone quiet.","And I think the whole country and beyond is just waiting to see where and when these two men might pop up or if indeed they will at all. There's a good chance, at this point, they might also be dead.","Well, police were zeroing in on a community that they thought might be their chance at finding them. And they called in drones and helicopters and boats and the military. But it sounds like they might be scaling back now. I mean, are they giving up?","Yeah, I mean, the problem is these young men had quite a head start. Initially, they were only believed to be missing and even thought to be potential victims after their vehicle was found burned out in B. C. So. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to be on the run in this context means you are avoiding authorities","questions":"How did the police think they could find the two men?","answer":"Community"}
{"text":["I - and I have to ask you in the - I'm afraid - half-minute we have left, do you have any idea, Mr.  Driscoll, how much the NRA has been supported by Russia?Aren't they trying to use the NRA to influence or to promote gun violence or division?","I'm not aware of that thread of the story from where I sit. I know that's been a popular speculation in the media. But I have not seen any evidence of that. But, again, you know, I assume others will look into that and see if there's anything there. But I haven't seen it from where I sit.","Robert Driscoll represents Maria Butina. Thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker believes that there is no evidence of Russia supporting the NRA.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the media's speculation about Russia's support of the NRA?","answer":"Popular"}
{"text":["Do you ever feel that way, you're just so tired of singing, but you know you have to because that song is so closely associated with who you are?","Well \"Band of Gold\" would be it, but by the time I get to the end of the show, and I'm coming back for that last encore\u2026","(Singing) Now that you're gone, all that's left is a band of gold\u2026","A lot of times, I will do \"Band of Gold,\" and as a matter of fact, I - and I find that it's a good thing because I see people in the audience just light up, like (unintelligible)\u2026"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Well 'Band of Gold' would be it, but by the time I get to the end of the show, and I'm coming back for that last encore\u2026\" - The implied meaning here is that \"Band of Gold\" is the song that the person is referring to, but they are indicating that they may be too exhausted by the end of their performance to give it their all during the final encore.","questions":"Which song?","answer":"Band-of-Gold"}
{"text":["But today, the Reverend Al Sharpton, members of Bell's family, and other community leaders are taking these protests one step further. They'll march and stage pray-ins throughout New York City. One of the sites is House of the Lord Church in downtown Brooklyn, led by the Reverend Herb Daughtry. We talked to the reverend yesterday about his plans for the protest.","What we're supposed to do is assemble at various sites around the city and then march to the action site. That is the place where we will submit ourselves, some of us, to an arrest. Hopefully, in so doing, we will tie up the city so that there will be - there would be no movement, no motion. And everybody in the city and indeed across the nation will get the message that we will not stand for policemen, the people we pay to protect us, to kill us.","Reverend, when you talk about blocking things off and shutting things down, does that mean that you will literally block the streets?","Obviously, I don't want to be too specific, but we have assembling points. Points where we tell people to assemble. Here in Brooklyn, it's at our church, the House of the Lord Church. Now, once people have assembled, then we will go to the designated sites of action, where the civil disobedience will take place.","Sean Bell was a young man. Have you been able to reach out to people who are in their 20s or even in their teens to try to get them to join on to this protest?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"taking these protests one step further\" - This phrase means that the protestors are escalating their actions beyond just protesting.","questions":"What is the purpose of the civil disobedience in the designated sites?","answer":"Civil-disobedience"}
{"text":["The war in Afghanistan - nearly 18 years, more than 2,400 American lives - not to mention the Afghans and NATO forces who have died in that war - and $132 billion in U. S.  aid for reconstruction. Where has all that money gone?John Sopko has been the special inspector general for Afghanistan reconstruction since 2012. He delivered his latest report yesterday, ahead of a potential peace agreement in Afghanistan with the Taliban. And I asked Sopko, what has all that money bought?","That money has succeeded in helping in building schools and roads, helping on rule of law, providing the salaries to many police and military and school teachers. But unfortunately, a lot has been wasted.","Let's talk about what those reconstruction projects mean in the context of a potential peace deal with the Taliban because that is what is in the offing right now. Do you think a peace with the Taliban - bringing them in from the cold - is that a good thing or a bad thing for all of those investments?","Well, we support the peace process. A fair and sustainable peace is what's needed. The Afghans want that. We want that - the coalition. I think the neighbors want it. But are there some risks from that peace?And there are. And that's what our report talks about. It raises some of the risks from that. And again, this doesn't mean don't pursue peace. Again, we are strong supporters of a fair and sustainable peace. And those are the two key words. It's got to be sustainable."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Bringing one in from the cold doesn't refer to temperature or housing in this statement, the implied meaning is that they're being welcomed again. To diplomatic meetings in this case.","questions":"Which word refers to diplomatic meetings in turn 2?","answer":"Meetings"}
{"text":["Xie xie.","Xie xie. Well, Alonzo Bland, xie xie. Thank you so much for sharing your story with us today.","Thank you.","Alonzo Bland is living in Tianjin, China. He's at the Aimin Fat Reduction Hospital, hoping to lose 400 pounds."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : losing 400 pounds refers to losing weight or fat reduction and not to lose 400 British Pounds  or money","questions":"What is Alonzo Bland hoping to lose at the Aimin Fat Reduction Hospital in Tianjin?","answer":"Weight"}
{"text":["And again, art is predicated. Art lives off of, you know, making a lot of errors. And I certainly now feel like I've got, like, you know, a ton of space in which to kind of screw up and from that screw-up hopefully do something really nice.","Do you think you'll still be in that same world that you've written about in your other books, or will you - you don't know yet.","Yeah, I mean, I don't want to for this next book. This next book, I'm trying to make kind of more of a science-fictiony type book. But you never know until the book is finished what in the world it's going to be. I have dreams for my books, but it's like having dreams for your kids. You know, you want your kids to be this serious engineer or doctor, and they turn around, and they're kind of a crazy left-wing artist, and you're like darn, how did that turn out?","You know, you're known for taking a long time to finish your books, as well, I think."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Artists need to make mistakes to create something great.","questions":"How does art thrive?","answer":"Errors"}
{"text":["Are you going to continue the protest?","Well, if they're going to be held, I suppose maybe, yes. But actually, it was meant for these concrete elections. Of course, it was not the only subject that was brought up. Also, the power being held by one party for, like, 19 years, yes. So of course, when election ends, it doesn't mean that the problem goes away.","So of course, it did come to notice to all the Muscovites, at least. A lot of people in Russia actually also protested in other cities. They were saying, thank you, Muscovites, for putting our words out there, for making it noticeable at least. That's the least we can do. I mean, the citizens, just the citizens.","Yeah. Do you have any concern that by going to protests that police have your picture, that you can be identified, that - I mean, we're using another name, not your name with you. But. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is implying that the citizens were expressing their gratitude to Muscovites for protesting.","questions":"Which group of people expressed their gratitude to the Muscovites?","answer":"Citizens"}
{"text":["He explained that that track was inspired by some of my darker paintings. And it certainly is a very, you know, intense piece. As the track goes on towards the end, you just hear a creaking sound. . .","SOUNDBITE OF TOR LUNDVALL AND JOHN B.  MCLEMORE'S \"HIS DARKER PAINTINGS\")",". . . Which - I don't know if it's his door or some part of the house, but everyone in the podcast in S-Town, they were talking about, you know, sometimes you just sit around and listen to the creakings in this house. So it was pretty amazing to hear that in the recording, yeah. Well, John - yeah. John took his own life in 2015. When John sent me emails, you know, discussing his depression and his loneliness, I didn't want to preach to him, but I just encouraged him. I said, you know, I'm hoping you continue recording, you know, and working more on music. Again, I knew nothing about anything about him. I just thought it would help transform his feelings of loneliness into, you know, more of a content solitude, which is, you know, kind of easy to say but not always easy to do. So I didn't want to preach to him, but, you know, I saw a lot of promise in his music. So I did try to encourage that.","That was musician and painter Tor Lundvall talking about his new album, \"Tor Lundvall Presents: Witness Marks - The Works of John B.  McLemore\"."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The creaking sound towards the end of the track adds to its intensity.","questions":"What is the inspiration for the track mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Darker-paintings"}
{"text":["Prime Minister Boris Johnson asked the queen to suspend Parliament - a very British coup, as many of his critics say, or a way to force Parliament to work out Brexit three years-plus after voters voted for him.","Or perhaps a device to get Parliament out of the way and allow Boris and the Brexiteers to finally leave the EU even without a deal. And the EU has said it is done negotiating. So this fall, Britain may leave the European Union and do it in the most disruptive and unpredictable way imaginable. So for the residents of Britain, this is rather like watching a hurricane bear down on them, feeling helpless to stop it and unable to escape.","The romance between the president and Fox News seemed to have everything going for it. What happened?","(Laughter) It does seem to have cooled. Weeks ago, the president started complaining about the opinion polls he saw on Fox News. They were showing his approval rating as low as most of the other media and academic polls. So he called that fake news."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's like watching something awful approach people and not be able to stop it.","questions":"Which word describes how the residents of Britain feel about Brexit?","answer":"Helpless"}
{"text":["Qatar would like to improve its relationship with the U. S.  government, which has supported a Saudi-led economic blockade of the small Persian Gulf power. Qatar didn't just hire well-known K Street lobbyists and powerbrokers. It targeted people they believe President Trump listens to - a radio broadcaster, a real estate developer, a commentator and former presidential candidate - and gave them all-expense paid trips to Qatar and, usually, a consulting fee. Qatar's regime believed if it could win over people that President Trump listens to, he might change his mind. Now, that's according to a news story published in The Wall Street Journal by Julie Bykowicz, who joins us now. Thanks very much for being with us.","Thank you.","Tell us how this is done. You begin the story by talking about Alan Dershowitz, whose name doesn't usually come up when you're talking about Qatar.","Sure. He's not an elected official. He's not in the administration. But what Mr.  Dershowitz does bring to the table, at this point, that lobbyists have identified is President Trump really likes this guy. And so other lobbyists have picked up on this, and the two gentlemen that I interviewed for this Qatar story said they identified him as someone that could potentially be influential. What Alan Dershowitz is thinking, perhaps President Trump would begin thinking as well."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Qatar believes that by winning over people that President Trump listens to, he might change his mind on supporting the Saudi-led economic blockade of Qatar.","questions":"Which country is mentioned in turn 0 as having a desire to improve its relationship with the U.S. government?","answer":"Bykowicz"}
{"text":["The crowd was enormous. They were fired-up. There was this huge jumbo-tron screen on which the results were being displayed on CNN, and so, of course, as it came in, and it fall - it fell, first New Hampshire for Obama, then Pennsylvania, and then the red states started coming in. The crowd was going crazy.","What was striking about the speeches, after having covered Senator Obama for more than 20 months and seeing all the blue placards with Change on it and the rally atmosphere, this was very different than that. This was a presidential speech. The placards were gone, and American flags were being waved by people in the crowd.","And the speech itself was - there was no humor. It was a very serious speech. And though it had lots of optimism in it, it was about the challenges that we face as a country. And so, it really felt - and they, of course, set it up that way, so that it would be a pivot from the campaign Obama to the governing Obama. And one last observation is that he was surrounded on both sides by what looked like two huge parenthesis, massive bullet proof glass on either side of him as he spoke, protecting him from most of that crowd of roughly 200,000.","Well, let's talk about that pivot. We heard that Barack Obama will be speaking with President Bush sometime, perhaps, this week?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The crowd was very excited and enthusiastic about the election results.","questions":"What was the atmosphere like during the election results?","answer":"electiom"}
{"text":["I'm well. I'm going to read a bit from the editorial. You're answering attacks on Maryland Representative Elijah Cummings and on his district, which includes Baltimore. And you wrote, (reading) it's not hard to see what's going on here. The congressman has been a thorn in this president's side, and Mr.  Trump sees attacking African American members of Congress as good politics, as it both warms the cockles of the white supremacists who love him and causes so many of the thoughtful people who don't to scream.","So it seems that you think this is all very much premeditated, and it's not just, as some have said, the president responding to Fox News.","Yes. Well, I think it clearly is - both things are going on at the same time. I think Fox News gives him the ammunition he needed, and he gave it probably about, you know, two seconds of thought to find an opportunity to slam Representative Cummings who, of course, has been critical of his border policy, and so he took it. And so 750,000 people woke up in the 7th District yesterday being told that they were the worst place in the country by the president of the United States.","When you first read those tweets, what was your thought?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He gives him the content to use against him. He has negative information that can hurt him.","questions":"How does Fox News factor into the president's attacks on Representative Cummings and his district?","answer":"Ammunition"}
{"text":["They're placing a lot of their hopes on the Chevy Volt, the electric car that's due out at the end of 2010. What do you think about that, and do you think that that's enough to help the company?","In reading through the General Motors restructuring plan, they talk about it as if it's the next Ford Model T.  I think the language that they use is a fundamental reinvention of the American automobile industry. And, you know, I hope it is, but you have to be skeptical about anything coming out that will fundamentally reinvent the industry, at least at this stage. It's too mature an industry right now.","Is there anything that GM can say when they go before Congress tomorrow and Friday?Is there anything that they should do, do you think, that could save it?","Their objective in going to Congress is not to save the industry. Their objective in going to Congress is to get money from Congress. And if you read through these documents, they are - especially the General Motors document, it is full of really shameless Americanizing, patriotic propaganda. It's geared to getting the money, and that's their objective. And I believe they will come away from Washington with money."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : patriotic propaganda implies that General Motors is using pro American speech to get taxpayer funds for their own purposes","questions":"Which aspect of General Motors' document is described as \"shameless\"?","answer":"Propaganda"}
{"text":["They have indeed, but not through Jordan, as far as I know.","And you talked about hedging your bets. Doesn't that risk putting your bets on the wrong side if, indeed, the rebels do topple, which from what you say, the regime believes is only a matter of time. Why don't they put their bets on - with the opposition?","That's a debate that is actually going on inside the country today. As I said, 82 percent of Jordanians are with the uprising, not all of them, however, are with any military intervention against the Syrian regime. This is a very sensitive issue in Arab politics, to be seen as actively working militarily against an Arab regime. Still, as I said, the sentiments of the people in Jordan, not all of them, but the overwhelming majority of them, are with the uprising. And the country, I would expect, the government, will probably have to change its position as developments move. It's a fair question to ask. You know, one day, we'll be able to do so. There are many who have asked the government to take on a sort of a clearer position on the Syrian crisis than it has so far.","How porous is the border?If people wanted to operate across it clandestinely, would they be able to do so?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Hedging bets could result in supporting the losing side.","questions":"What is the risk of hedging bets?","answer":"Risk"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","So. . .","So I take it you don't like it.","I think it's kind of a joke. I think it has nothing to do with Wall Street.","Well, bullish markets - that sort of thing - yeah?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : You don't like the topic and think it is a joke, not related to Wall Street.","questions":"What does PersonA think the topic is?","answer":"Nothing"}
{"text":["And no problems for their ears?","Well, there sometimes are problems for their ears. I mean, whenever you hear a kid screaming their brains out behind you or in front of you on a plane, probably that kid is having air pressure problems. And what happens is that, if they can't pop their ears very well - that is, popping your ears is equalizing the pressure in the middle ear with that in the atmosphere around you, which we mostly do by making those funny little motions with our jaw and swallowing and things like that - little kids often don't know how to do that.","What can happen is that, as the pressure in the plane drops, the pressure in the middle ear remains at sea level, and so the ear drum gets stretched. And ear drums don't like to get stretched. Sometimes they get stretched badly enough so that they can even tear, although that's really quite rare. One of the things that it does lead to is terrible pain sometimes for kids. I always recommend that parents give kids something to drink and sometimes just sort of chewing on a candy increases saliva, so that you swallow, and it allows pressure to equalize.","OK, so for kids who are not healthy, what about them?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Giving kids something to drink or chew on can help alleviate ear pressure","questions":"How can parents alleviate ear pressure for their kids during a flight?","answer":"Drink"}
{"text":["I don't think it's new that they're supporting Assad at all. I mean, they have been pretty consistent from the beginning of the uprising, initially peaceful protest against the regime. And then as it descended into civil war, Russia has all along provided weapons, provided support, political and diplomatic efforts to shield Assad's government from action, for example, at the United Nations where Russia has a veto. I think what's new now is that they're looking at the situation in Syria as becoming more and more dire.","But you know, there's a difference between U. N.  vetoes and supplying - and military supplies and actually putting your own combat personnel or potential combat personnel on the ground.","I think that they're looking at the situation and understanding that right now there's a real danger that Assad's government can fall. And if that happens, what will replace that and how do you prepare for that when you're invested as heavily as they have been?Again, this is not new support. They've always had the naval base there. They've always had advisers on the ground. I've heard a lot over the summer about the increasing Russian concern about the imminent fall of Assad.","Well, the U. S.  had - at least as far as we can judge - had considered the potential fall of Bashar al-Assad to be good news and something that could lead to a better situation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker is implying that the U.S. is not necessarily looking forward to the fall of Assad, but rather is trying to prepare for it.","questions":"Which country is the speaker in turn 3 suggesting may not be looking forward to the fall of Assad?","answer":"U.S."}
{"text":["My parents are fine. My mom evacuated as soon as they got notice. My dad required an assisted evacuation. He actually ended up being rescued by a community service worker up there. He was trying to get out of Paradise on his motorized chair. He saw the community service worker, who managed to get him in the truck. And they escaped to the fire station using a hiking trail, actually.","I assume if he could call you, he would, right?","Paradise is a retirement community. A majority of the population lives on a fixed income, including my uncle. He did not have a cellphone. He only had the landline. He didn't use social media.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite the difficult situation, A's parents are okay","questions":"How are PersonA's parents?","answer":"fine"}
{"text":["I mean, people are saying this car company doesn't get it. It's sort of, you know, dead in the water. It hasn't been forward looking. It hasn't developed the kinds of cars that people want now.","Look, they have made so many management mistakes, but along with that, they've made some very, very smart moves. And this is a company that's very strong and robust around the world. It's the North American market that's killing them.","And there are long - there's a long thread of historical reasons why General Motors has been at such a disadvantage in North America since the '70s. But the net of it is that this company has a lot of potential, but it also has potential to sink right out from under us.","So, aside from it being potentially a good deal for the government to own GM, what are the other benefits or possible benefits?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This just means that the company is not progressing at all - it does not mean that it is actually 'dead in the water' ","questions":"How is the car company described in turn 0?","answer":"Disadvantage"}
{"text":["Because there's going to be this glass chamber, people can follow along.","Right. It looks absolutely beautiful.","Oh, it does?","Yeah, it looks absolutely beautiful."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People are likely to follow through a given idea or course since it is end is clear as a glass chamber.","questions":"Which word describes the end of the idea or course mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"end"}
{"text":["And so the world was filled at that time with these microscopic creatures, right?","Yes, these would be very ancient. And we've long suspected that this sort of thing goes back or should go back a long, long way. And people have found the chemical signals, the brassy fool's gold they've found. They've even found the isotopic shifts. But this is, I think, the earliest record where we can see actually turned into this shiny material the fossils themselves. We can see them actually preserved in three dimensions.","And it's new techniques that we have now that we can use to analyze these in three dimensions and start to pick out their relationships. And that's one of the exciting things that's happening at the moment.","Would there be other places around the world where you'd find the same rocks and fossils?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They found something that is not the real thing but close to it.","questions":"Which fossil was preserved in three dimensions?","answer":"Fossils"}
{"text":["That's a separate project and the basic premises for Stratolaunch is that there are satellite customers who are really want a lot of flexibility in launch location. So the rocket can be picked up by a giant aircraft and the launch can occur, I think, almost anywhere on Earth. That's the basic idea with Stratolaunch, or that's the premise. But it's independent from our other activities.","So like going back to the '60s with dropping an X-15 out of the belly of a bomber and shooting it up into space.","Right, right. It doesn't result in a cost-savings, but it does result in increased launch life flexibility.","Mm-hmm. And just - while I have you here for a few here for a few seconds, let's talk a bit about Tesla Motors if you don't mind."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Stratolaunch is similar to dropping X-15 out of a bomber in the 60s.","questions":"What is the rocket launched from in Stratolaunch?","answer":"rocket"}
{"text":["And then, on top of that, you've got a set of rules that just make any type of compromise very difficult. And the toughest one there is that any budget or spending plan has to pass by two-thirds of a vote of both the Senate and the Assembly. So, even though the Democrats hold pretty firm majorities in both houses, they can't do it without getting three Republican votes from the Senate and three from the Assembly.","So, it basically has to be a consensus budget. And the governor for his entire term has been totally flummoxed by the fact that it's so difficult to find a middle ground in the legislature to get things done.","Jordan Rau reporting from Sacramento for the Los Angeles Times on California's massive budget deficit facing more than $14 billion shortfall this year. And, Jordan, thank you very much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The governor has had a hard time finding common ground in the legislature to get things done due to the difficulty in passing a budget.","questions":"What has the governor been struggling with in the legislature?","answer":"Middle"}
{"text":["Up the street.","And how many Union?","That's - the good news and the bad news - there were lots of them but most of them on the 11ths were amateurs.","General Ulysses S.  Grant had diverted Union troops from D. C.  to make an assault on Richmond. Meanwhile, the Confederates were headed for D. C. . So, Howell says, the union quickly recruited anyone they could find.","They were government clerks. I mean, if you could imagine, you know, going down and emptying out all the government offices and telling them, grab your musket and come out and fight off professional confederates - that was the situation on the 11th - not very good for the Yankees. But General Grant, down in Richmond, who thought Jubal Early was down there in Richmond. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implies that General Ulysses S. Grant had diverted Union troops from D.C. to make an assault on Richmond and the Confederates were heading for D.C.,Implies that General Ulysses S. Grant had diverted Union troops from D.C. to make an assault on Richmond and the Confederates were heading for D.C.,","questions":"How did the Union quickly recruit soldiers on the 11th?","answer":"Amateurs"}
{"text":["Yeah. Moving on to Merriam-Webster. They've added 1,700 new words. I can't begin to keep up with that, but I do want to ask you about this one in particular - eggcorn?","Eggcorn. Maybe we should spell it. E-G-G-C-O-R-N. It's defined as a word or phrase that sounds like and is mistakingly used in what seems like a logical or plausible way for another word or phrase. It's been around since about 2003. It's a play on how some people say the word acorn, and a linguist thought, well, it makes a little bit of sense. An acorn looks kind of like an egg. Let's come up with a word for another word or phrase when it's reshaped but kind of makes a little bit of sense if you think about it. So here's a classic one - some people will say all intensive purposes when they mean all intents and purposes.","There's a website I found called the Eggcorn Database - has more than 600 of these. Some of my favorites include self-phone.","(Laughter). That's perfect, actually."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : All intensive purposes is actually a misused phrase for all intents and purposes.","questions":"How is \"all intensive purposes\" often misused?","answer":"Misuse"}
{"text":["Well, I think the principal thing is to mention the new courtroom, which I visited for the first time yesterday. The audience sits in a glassed-in room 80 feet from where the judge and the screen is for displayed evidence. And the glassed-in room is completely isolated and there's an audio delay. I've never seen anything quite like this except for the Navy Seals' trials around the death of a detainee in Iraq. But there's a lot of secrecy involved in this, and it's not quite as public a war-crime trial as you might expect.","Closing arguments scheduled for Monday. We'll hear more from you next week. NPR's John McChesney in Guantanamo, Cuba. Thanks, John.","You bet.","Marketplace just ahead on Day to Day."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of B's statement is that the radio program \"Marketplace\" will be airing soon. The implied meaning could be that B is transitioning to a different topic or segment of the radio program, or that the program has come to an end.","questions":"How did PersonB indicate the end of the segment?","answer":"Transition."}
{"text":[". . . That it's biased especially against people of color.","Correct. And to be sure, we need to take great care to be refining our use of risk assessments as much as we can. But the alternative is to do it the way we've always done it, which is to rely on judicial hunch and money, which, of course, makes no sense.","Judge Morrison, you've been on the bench here in D. C.  for 40-some years?","Almost 40 years."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He has not been on a bench but has been working as a judge for some time.","questions":"How has he been working as a judge?","answer":"judge"}
{"text":["Well, AIG was a very big and successful insurance company. It did well in insurance products. But it got into a lot of trouble by selling very complex financial products, which, as you know, have lost huge amounts of money because of the housing downturn.","Now, in September, when conditions for the company were getting pretty bad, the Federal Reserve agreed to loan AIG $85 billion. In exchange, it took some stock in the company as collateral. The idea was that, you know, the loan would sort of tide AIG over while it sold off assets. But it's been very hard to sell anything because of the credit crunch.","So, meanwhile, the interest payments were piling up. AIG said it lost 25 - almost $25 billion last quarter. So, this morning, the government said it was going back to the drawing board and trying to work out something else. It's really an admission that the efforts so far haven't worked.","So, how much money is this new plan going to involve, and where exactly is it going to be coming from?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"going back to the drawing board\" - refers to starting over with a new plan or approach.","questions":"How did the government respond to the financial situation of AIG?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["You described some playwrights, Beckett, for example, as somebody whose work seems to back away from you the closer you get it. But Miller's play, you say, is not like that.","No. It wasn't like - my experience with Chekhov and Beckett was just what you'd call - that they get harder and harder as you go. But with \"Salesman,\" surprisingly, because it's fully as great a play as those others, it did welcome us and come toward us day by day. And then, we did a fairly smart thing, which is that we had a workshop just for ourselves for almost a month, and nobody ever saw it and we didn't perform it, but we just worked on it. And then as per plan, we went away for over three and a half months.","And then when we came back, we went into rehearsal and then finally got onstage and did it. And the three and a half months living and doing other things made a surprisingly big difference. It just sank into everybody and took enormous strides all on its own, and that was both exciting and surprising in its extent. And also, it was a clue to what was going to continue to happen, which is that it just burrowed deeper and deeper into the actors and they - into one another, and they have become a family. And they're - what goes on between them is - I've never seen - in my experience, I've never seen it quite like this.","Philip Seymour Hoffman obviously plays the lead role. Is - did the play come first or the actor come first?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"did welcome us and come toward us day by day\" - This is a metaphorical expression that means the play became easier to understand and appreciate over time, and it felt like it was reaching out to the actors.","questions":"What was the surprising difference after the three and a half months?","answer":"Difference"}
{"text":["The White House appears to have been caught off guard by the book. There seemed to have been no unified strategy in some ways. I mean, they sort of just let the president take the ball and run with it.","Yeah. Well, look. This book - this is a question that I have - and I've been unable to get an answer from the White House since Wednesday - which is, how many people in the White House cooperated with this book?How many comms staff were in interviews - these interviews that Mike Wolff supposedly had - walking into the White House, roaming around, in his words?","They say he never met with the president in the Oval Office. Michael Wolff says he does. There's a lot of confusion about how much access and how much participation the White House had with this book. So they shouldn't be caught off guard, I think, based on the level of access that Wolff appears to have. And they haven't been quite forthright about what level that is.","I talked to somebody who was interviewed who said there was a comms person, somebody in the West Wing in the White House - there was a comms person in that interview with him. How many other interviews were like that?And I think that that - we should keep that in mind when we hear sort of these calls that this is this is tabloid trash, that nobody in the White House knew what was happening or that this was all Steve Bannon."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The White House had no clear plan for the book and let the president handle it alone.","questions":"How did the White House handle the book?","answer":"Alone"}
{"text":["You edited \"Confessions of a Video Vixen\" by Karrine Steffans. We've had her on show. And it's a memoir about her life as a video dancer for artists like JZ, R.  Kelly, LL Cool J. It talks about hip hop, sex, sexuality, family. Tell me about the process of getting her story to press.","Well it's interesting. I'd heard quite a lot about Corrine via reading a magazine article about her and then hearing about her repeatedly on radio. And so when I reached out to her, I didn't really have a lot of expectations other than this might be interesting. And so I had a very long conversation with her and you know, upon talking to her I was very impressed with her being very - her candor was amazing first of all and then secondly the fact that she was unapologetic about her life. She wasn't proud of it necessarily but she wasn't apologetic either.","And so one of the things that we did, our editorial director, who is amazing, went out to LA and said, I just want to experience this woman for myself and so she spent an evening with her in a popular Hollywood watering hole. And she knew after that evening that Corrine was who she said she was, just based on how people, particularly men, responded to her just from her walking into the room.","Well that's one way of looking at things. But the publisher obviously went a lot further to turn\u2026"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : watering hole implies that the location was a bar or a place to get drinks","questions":"What was the purpose of the editorial director's visit to LA?","answer":"Experience"}
{"text":["Well, Freedom Caucus has 40 votes. There are more than 200 House Republicans. Shouldn't you compromise with them?","Well, sure, and we're more than happy to. The way this will end up is that we will end up with a speaker that all of us support. It may be Paul Ryan. It may be somebody else. But keep in mind that the things that we're arguing for are things that most people in the conference want. One of the things that struck me since we started this debate I guess about two weeks ago now are the number of moderates and centrists in my party who have said to me, you know what?","We want the same thing. We're frustrated with this lack of process. We're frustrated with just being a rubberstamp for somebody else's idea. And I think that's why you're seeing such a difficult time replacing Mr.  Boehner is that this lack of satisfaction with the job, the lack of satisfaction with what it means to be a member of Congress runs much, much deeper than just the conservative wing of the party.","So the way you explain it, this isn't over conservative principles. It's over mundane House rules."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the speaker suggests that the difficulty in replacing Mr. Boehner is due to a deeper dissatisfaction with the job and what it means to be a member of Congress. The actual meaning is that the conservative wing of the party is pushing for a more hardline approach on conservative principles, which is making it difficult to find a consensus candidate.","questions":"Which approach is the conservative wing of the party pushing for?","answer":"Hardline"}
{"text":["Yeah. You know, it's a great question. I think that the core of the problem is that they say that they pursue these weapons out of insecurity. So the logical thing is can the world provide them some sort of security?And in past agreements that I have participated in, we provided them security guarantees and offered to negotiate a peace treaty with them. The problem is I think the security - insecurity that they feel is generated by the regime itself. You know, these sorts of totalitarian regimes never feel secure. And that's the core problem.","Because there's mass starvation. There's mass poverty. There's mass oppression.","Right. And that they - all those things, and that they don't rule by the consent of the legitimacy of the people. And that's the basic problem.","Yeah. China has a role in this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"China has a role in this?\"  The actual meaning of this turn goes beyond the literal question. The speaker is implying that China may have some level of involvement or influence in the situation being discussed, suggesting a potential factor that contributes to the problem.","questions":"Which country's involvement is hinted at in turn 3?","answer":"China"}
{"text":["Yeah. And it was supposed to be this sort of message of unity, right?We're all on the same page with this. And the president sort of flips the script, as he often does. And we're not just seeing this disconnect with Russia.","No. There are so many other examples. Last week, the president tweeted that he wanted Attorney General Jeff Sessions to, quote, \"stop this rigged witch hunt\" - in other words, the Mueller investigation - \"right now. \"But Sessions didn't do it. And then his - the president's top lawyers and his press secretary rush out to say, oh, he wasn't giving an command to anyone. And his FBI director Chris Wray has been on the record saying he doesn't think the Mueller investigation is a witch hunt.","Same thing on Iran. President says he talked to the Iranians without preconditions. Hours later, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo lays out a whole lot of preconditions. The president threatens to shut down the government over the border wall. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell comes out and says nope. We're not shutting down the government.","And it's not just Trump's administration, right?We also saw this extraordinary message coming from his wife, the first lady."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The rigged witch hunt is something that is fixed so that a person looks guilty of something when they are not.","questions":"How did the president's press secretary respond to his tweet about the Mueller investigation?","answer":"Command"}
{"text":["Hi.","What did the administration do first?","Right. OK. So it started last week. The Trump administration added Huawei to a short list that American companies cannot buy from or sell to. The ban affects very big players and also some pretty small ones. Take small mobile carriers - OK?- not your Verizons and T-Mobiles but, say, your rural carrier. They buy Huawei equipment because it's cheap. Now they'll have to change suppliers.","On the big end, let's take Google. Google and Huawei have licensing agreements. That's to put apps like Gmail, Maps and YouTube on Huawei phones. So now with the new ban, for any future phones, new licensing agreements are not allowed. The Google apps can't be included. So that'll curtail Google's presence in Europe, where Huawei phones are sold."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies a technological war between America and Huawei which is a Chinese Phone manufacturer.","questions":"What company was added to a short list that American companies cannot buy from or sell to?","answer":"Huawei"}
{"text":["Correct.","And that's the idea?","That's exactly the idea and that's where we are today. So you kind of keep the country in limbo. And you say, as long as there's no election then I get to be president.","Have there been any calls for President Kabila to be investigated, forced to step down, impeached, put on trial for violating the constitution?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied Meaning: Is there any pressure on President Kabila to step down or face consequences for his unconstitutional actions?","questions":"How is President Kabila being questioned? (Answer: \"investigated\", as mentioned in the statement)","answer":"Investigated"}
{"text":["Yeah. So they did the - this is an amazing study and a beautiful video because of their research. They have really lovely time-lapse movies of cucumbers growing. And, you know, you think of plants as planted. . .","They stay there.",". . . stationary, kind of boring.","They don't move. Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speakers agree that plants do not move.","questions":"What do the speakers think about the mobility of plants?","answer":"Agree"}
{"text":["Like we have a song together called, \"You Think You Got It Bad. \"And what I do is, you know, we'll play the track. Then we'll ask him what do he think it needs?And he goes in the studio and do it. You know, it's never something like boy, you can write something for somebody else. You just have to leave everybody creatively open and just hope that it'll all work out.","(Singing) Everything happens for a reason. . .","Now, one of your collaborators, T. I. , was just sentenced to jail on weapons charges. He's, you know, hasn't started serving, yet. But you spent some time in jail yourself. And do you have any advice for someone like T. I. on how to deal with doing time?","Yeah. I think, you know, it is an opportunity. I mean, it's kind of a sad opportunity. I hate to, you know, get an opportunity to have a lot of time with yourself like that. But seeing as if you do, you have the ability to focus on something completely. You have no other outside circumstances that just need your attention like that. You know, he could, you know, write songs. He could find the cure to cancer. He could do anything, man."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"what do he think it needs?\" - The actual meaning is \"what does he think it needs?\" The use of \"do\" instead of \"does\" is not grammatically correct, but it is a common feature of some dialects of English.","questions":"Which word is grammatically incorrect in turn 0?","answer":"Do"}
{"text":["Help us understand. Just how good were the Lightning before this collapse?","Oh, quite good. They had 62 wins in the regular season. That tied the all-time NHL record for wins in a season. This was a team that was doing historic things in the regular season. Consider this. Thirty of their 62 victories were by three goals or more. So every time they stepped on the ice, they weren't just winning. They were blowing away their opponents.","So it's safe to say any sane hockey analyst (laughter) basically would have said that the Lightning was going to win the series, right?So what happened?","(Laughter) Well, I think Lightning defenseman Ryan McDonagh put it best. Everything that they did so well in the regular season, the Columbus Blue Jackets did it better in this series. But the bigger picture is this for the Lightning. They clinched a playoff spot in early March. They've been on cruise control for months. The Columbus Blue Jackets had to win seven of their last eight games just to get into the playoffs. So when push came to shove and adversity hit in the series, the Lightning had a bad six days compared to a great 82 games in the regular season, and then they were swept."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"cruise control\" in line 4 - The phrase \"cruise control\" is being used figuratively here to suggest that the Tampa Bay Lightning had an easy and comfortable ride during the regular season, rather than a literal reference to a car's cruise control system.","questions":"Which phrase is being used figuratively in line 4?","answer":"Cruise"}
{"text":["Well, what happened is I - we plan an escape. It was really, really dangerous. The movement that we're struggling in became tribal and so, you know, you see soldiers who are turning on each other. And so we decide, look, I rather go and die where my family members are. We were, like, around - between two to 400, I think, and only 16 people survived. And the way some died of starvation, dehydration and a lot of things that attacked us on the way that we weren't prepared for.","You wound up at a place called Waat.","Yeah, when I arrived in a place called Waat and I met a British aid worker called Emma McCune. And so Emma McCune was the one who smuggled me into Kenya and put me in school, so she disarmed me.","So when you heard the news that 3,000 child soldiers may be gradually released in South Sudan, what did that make you feel?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implicated meaning: In this context, \"disarmed\" does not refer to physically taking away weapons from the speaker, but rather, to the act of helping the speaker move away from a violent and dangerous situation and giving them a chance at a better life. It implies that Emma McCune provided emotional and practical support to the speaker, and helped them escape the violence they were trapped in.","questions":"Which word describes how Emma McCune helped the speaker move away from the violent and dangerous situation?","answer":"Disarmed"}
{"text":["Yes.",". . . And that makes the process here entirely unconstitutional. So due process rights are an important part of our Constitution, and they apply to any one of us who's in the middle of a criminal proceeding, for example. But this is different. We're not in a grand jury. The president's not about to be indicted, at least not anytime soon. The process that is underway is the very early steps - what the House has chosen to call an inquiry into whether or not there should be a more formal move to impeach the president.","Although, I mean, if Pat Cipollone were here, he would argue, A, President Trump is an American. He is entitled to the same rights as any American citizen. I'm reading from Page 1 (reading) therefore he has - he enjoys the basic rights guaranteed to all Americans, which would include due process under the Constitution.","Well, the Constitution doesn't say that either, OK?What the Constitution says specifically with respect to impeachment, it says that the House of Representatives - and I'm shortening the sentence - the House of Representatives shall have the sole power of impeachment - period. There's a period at the end of that. And there's no sentence following in that. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The house of representatives has absolute power of impeachment and there is no way to argue the point.","questions":"What power does the House of Representatives have?","answer":"Impeachment"}
{"text":["For decades there has been this idea that women were not professional unless they were torturing around in a heel. But I think if you strip all that away and go down to really base level, we've got to admit that, you know, it is - it's patriarchal, and it's misogynistic. It's this idea that women should be sort of slowed down and debilitated.","So I think it's quite tricky. I think, you know, in the paragraph you just read out, I was trying to sort of explore that duality that we get with a lot of these conversations. We have it around, you know, bikini waxes and makeup and a lot of the sort of traditional trappings of femininity, this idea that it can be something we enjoy doing and that we sort of take a pleasure in doing. But it's impossible to know whether we would be doing it if we lived outside a patriarchal society.","So why do you say you suspect that they might be over?","Well, fashion really has led us in a certain direction. So for the last few years, we've seen the rise of the fashion sneaker. We've seen, you know, magazine editors, models, celebrities comfortably kind of bouncing around in sneakers. And suddenly, dress codes have changed. So it's completely acceptable to turn up to quite a smart party wearing a lovely dress with a pair of sneakers on the bottom. This summer we've seen the rise of the ugly sandal as well."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is an idea that women must suffer through the pain of wearing high heeled shoes to be professional.","questions":"Which fashion item has become acceptable to wear to a smart party?","answer":"Sneakers"}
{"text":["Thanks, Scott.","First, these current attacks. Based on reporting, is there a particular source for attacks against Orthodox Jews?","Well, it seems to be happening often from people who live in the neighborhood. We don't know that much about the perpetrators. What we do know is that people that live in Crown Heights don't tend to be white supremacists. And to judge from the footage of many of these attacks, at least some of the perpetrators seem to be young black men or teenagers. And perhaps that's one of the reasons that so many people want to avert their eyes from what's happening in places like Crown Heights.","Are they street assaults and robberies or hate crimes?Where are the lines in something like this?","Well, all we know is that the people that are being attacked are the most publicly, visibly Jewish people. And they're incredibly violent. Given that this has been happening in the city, there's been a sort of curious lack of interest on the part of New Yorkers, on the part of the mayor, on the part of the governor. Imagine if a spate of crimes had happened in a pattern like this against another minority - what the reaction would be.","Has there also been a national increase in anti-Semitic crimes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People don't want to know about what is happening in Crown Heights.","questions":"How do people react to the attacks in Crown Heights?","answer":"Averted"}
{"text":["Are a lot of Europeans rethinking whether or not they even want to be unified?","Yes, I think they are. I think a good many Europeans are thinking maybe open borders is not such a great idea. Maybe the best thing we can do is to start closing our borders and make sure that there are no migrants, no refugees, no foreign influences that are affecting our security and well-being inside the country.","You've also suggested that there's a kind of a parallel with politics in the United States at the moment.","Yeah, in some way I think you are seeing the same phenomenon in Europe as you are seeing with the support for Donald Trump and, to some extent, for Bernie Sanders who are attracting voters who are, in the Trump case, anti-immigrant, don't really want to be part of an activist foreign policy. They're anti-trade and they're nativists."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn (4) is another example of a turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. While the speaker suggests that the phenomenon of attracting voters who are anti-immigrant, anti-trade, and nativist is similar in Europe and the United States, it does not necessarily mean that the situations are identical.","questions":"Which turn suggests that the situations of attracting voters who are anti-immigrant, anti-trade, and nativist are not identical in Europe and the United States?","answer":"implied"}
{"text":["Well, the Princess Infanta Cristina is King Juan Carlos' youngest daughter. She's 48. She and her husband had sort of a fairytale love story. They used to be popular in the glossy magazines here. Her husband is the Duke Inaki Urdangarin. He started a nonprofit foundation organizing sports conventions and it's through that foundation that he and a colleague are accused of embezzling $8 million.","Prosecutors believe they did so by creating shell companies. Now, where the princess comes in is that for at least one of those shell companies she was a co-signer and co-owner. So any fraud committed by that company, she would be 50 percent responsible. Now, that's the money laundering charge. The tax fraud involves the couple's personal expenses, everything from renovations on their $8 million mansion in Barcelona, vacations, down to small things like Harry Potter books for their kids, which were allegedly paid for through these shell companies and on which they allegedly did not pay tax.","This hearing today is similar to what, in the U. S. , we would call a Grand Jury proceeding. So the judges are trying to determine whether to formally charge the princess. And if they do so, she'll then go on trial. The process is underway as well for her husband, the Duke, and both face up to six years in prison if charged and convicted.","Lauren, can you help us appreciate the reaction of the Spanish public at this point?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"Now, where the princess comes in is that for at least one of those shell companies she was a co-signer and co-owner. So any fraud committed by that company, she would be 50 percent responsible.\"  The literal meaning of this sentence is that the princess was involved in the ownership and operation of a shell company that was used for fraudulent purposes. However, the implied meaning is that the princess was possibly complicit in the fraud, knowingly or unknowingly, and that her involvement is a significant part of the investigation.","questions":"How is the Princess Infanta Cristina involved in the fraud investigation?","answer":"Co-signer"}
{"text":["Condemnation continues of President Trump's profane language about several foreign countries, using an especially crude word. And a warning - you're about to hear that word. At a bipartisan meeting with legislators on Thursday, the president asked why the United States would want immigrants from, quote, \"shithole countries. \"Until last week, roughly 200,000 Salvadorans in the U. S.  held temporary protected status. That was put in place after the devastating earthquakes hit that country in 2001. But the White House says it'll end those protections and give Salvadorans until September 2019 to return to El Salvador or face deportation.","Carlos Dada is the founder of El Faro, a news site based in San Salvador, and joins us from there. Carlos, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me, Scott.","What's the reaction in El Salvador been to the president's comments and, for that matter, your personal reaction?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone ","questions":"How does turn 2 imply a certain type of relationship between the speakers?","answer":"Hosting"}
{"text":["Well, I think people that are overly tied to capitalism and who think that capitalism - and, once again, I speak as a Wharton grad, is the be all and end all of economic systems and that people who are uncomfortable looking at the poor. And there are, you know, not a few Catholics who are like that.","Jim, did the College of Cardinals expect this from the man they chose to be pope?","I don't think so. I think that they expected a person who's holy and came make tough decisions and live simply, but I don't think they expected someone who would shake things up quite this way. And, you know, frankly, most Jesuits who knew him didn't expect this either. But, you know, it shows you once again the power of the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit does what the Holy Spirit wants to do.","Father James Martin, who's culture editor of the Jesuit magazine America. Thanks so much. Good holiday to you, Jim."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the speaker is thanking Father James Martin for his insight and wishing him a good holiday.","questions":"How did PersonB end the conversation with A?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["Hello.","What's going on in your city?","Well, what's going on in my city is a similar dynamic of what's taking place in other cities across the United States right now. We've had 130 percent increase in homicides related to arguments and fights between individuals or groups unrelated to other criminal activity. They've got easy access to firearms. We've seen all of these cities have seen many more shots fired at each individual incident. Some places it's a fight over synthetic drug markets. So there are a number of variables, but they all revolve around a fairly narrow slice of these advantage communities that is very concerning.","Chief Flynn, not so long ago, you were getting credit for a low homicide rate. What changed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : can be interpreted as a way to inquire about the current situation in the city, not just the events taking place. ","questions":"Which rate?","answer":"low"}
{"text":["An investigation by the U. S.  Park Police and the FBI found that Mr.  Foster committed suicide. We turn now to Joe Klein. He's a political columnist for Time magazine and, of course, author of \"Primary Colors,\" the 1996 bestseller that featured a charming, philandering rogue of a southern governor and his proud, smart and oft humiliated wife - wonder what inspired that. Is Bill Clinton's personal history a legitimate campaign issue?","No, I don't think so. I mean, we've been through this time and time and time and time again. And there's so many legitimate campaign issues out there. I think that it's kind of a way for Donald Trump to steal a new cycle, as they say these days. I do think that there's an interesting debate going on within the Democratic Party about Bill Clinton's substance of record in the '90s. But that's a different thing.","Tactically, do you see it as a wise campaign issue on Trump's part?","I think people are going to get tired of it. You know, this sort of stuff worked in the Republican primaries. I think that people are entertained by his antics. It remains to be seen whether people are going to vote on him. I mean, you have to understand that we've never seen a candidate like Donald Trump before."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Donald Trump is using Bill Clinton's personal history as a distraction from legitimate campaign issues","questions":"How did PersonA describe the debate within the Democratic Party regarding Bill Clinton's record in the '90s?","answer":"Substance"}
{"text":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The actual meaning different from the literal meaning is:  \"...the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word.\"  The literal meaning of this sentence is that the president's budget director had to retract or clarify the statement made by the president. However, the implied meaning is that the president's initial statement was not accurate or well-thought-out, and it needed to be corrected or softened to avoid negative consequences.","questions":"What did the president's budget director have to do regarding the president's statement?","answer":"Word"}
{"text":["Absolutely. I've had a wonderful experience getting to really collect a lot of the thoughts from this experience and interview a lot of my fellow soldiers and officers and found that I really enjoy collecting those interviews and collecting everyone's thoughts for pieces and putting them down into writing, and so I'd love to be able to continue that.","And I think it's a really interesting time in journalism. It's a tough time right now because we're sort of moving from the idea of print journalism and subscriptions into a lot of online readership. But from what I've read, readership online and viewership online is really skyrocketing. So now, you can get those stories out to a much larger audience, which I think will be a great and beneficial aspect in the next couple decades.","Yeah. Is there any area you want to focus on when you get back?Any particular subject matter?","Honestly, much to my mother's chagrin, I think I would like to come back to the Middle East and continue to cover a lot of the developments here, maybe Afghanistan, continue to cover a lot of our diplomatic efforts abroad."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The shift from print to online journalism will benefit the industry","questions":"Which industry?","answer":"Journalism"}
{"text":["Well, right now, you'll be happy to hear I don't think there is any danger. I think the concern is that as we continue to make progress then eventually there might come a point when they are as smart as we are or even smarter. And intelligence in general is a very powerful thing. It's what makes us very powerful relative to other animals here on this planet. It's not because we are stronger muscles or sharper claws that the fate of the gorillas is now in our hands rather than in the gorilla's hands. And so similarly, if we create machines that exceed human intelligence then those machines also could be very powerful relative to us.","Well, I was flabbergasted when I began to do some reading. Although you say it's not about to happen; it's a while away; it is possible that children listening to this broadcast in the back seat of their parents' automobile might have to confront this?","Yeah, so that's why I think it's very positive that Elon Musk and some other people are not saying it's time to actually start work out the technology that we would need to keep machines safe, even if they eventually reach human level intelligence.","I mean, what's to solve?What do you do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  implies surprise that the potential for machines to reach human intelligence is a reality that children might have to consider.","questions":"Which emotion is expressed by PersonB in response to the potential for machines to reach human intelligence?","answer":"Surprise"}
{"text":["Thank you.","What's your concern?Why did you write this letter?","America is an exceptional country, the best in the world. But we have our blind spots. And in our history, you'll see discrimination against Asian-Americans. We've had the Chinese Exclusion Act, Alien Land Laws and then, in World War II, we interned over 100,000 Americans who happened to be of Japanese descent. And recently, we have a number of Asian-Americans that have been arrested - indicted for alleged spying - and then having all those charges dropped. And this is a long history of discrimination. We want to make sure that this does not keep recurring.","Of course, as I don't have to tell you, it is a fact that Chinese hackers have been accused of stealing intellectual property from U. S.  businesses and breaching U. S.  government systems. That's a concern for you, too?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Of course, as I don't have to tell you, it is a fact that Chinese hackers have been accused of stealing intellectual property from U.S. businesses and breaching U.S. government systems. That's a concern for you, too?  The actual meaning of this turn is to subtly imply that the previous speaker (A) should also be concerned about the actions of Chinese hackers and their impact on U.S. businesses and government systems. It implies that the issue raised by A should not be seen in isolation but should consider the broader context of national security and potential threats.","questions":"Which country is considered exceptional according to A?","answer":"America"}
{"text":["One of the reporters who's been digging into this story is Dustin Volz of The Wall Street Journal, who joins us in our studio. Thanks so much for coming in.","Good to be here. Thank you.","And let's begin with what you've learned about - I guess it was the president's phone call in July to Ukraine's new president, Zelensky.","That's correct. So we reported yesterday on Friday that President Trump had a phone call in July, sort of a congratulatory call in many ways. But during that, he told the new president of Ukraine - we're told about eight times - to look into the Biden family amid sort of ongoing allegations, unfounded, that there are some sort of corruption concerns there with the 2020 candidate Joe Biden and his son Hunter, who served as a board - on the board of a Ukrainian gas company."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It does not seem clear on whether Trump made the phone call or received it ","questions":"Which statement in the dialogue is related to the uncertainty of Trump's involvement in the July phone call?","answer":"Uncertainty"}
{"text":["Right.",". . . And the British Parliament. And British lawmakers are threatening to block it, which, again, means that we're in, you know, a gray zone of not knowing exactly what happens next. The European Parliament is likely to approve it because, again, all of their heads of state will have approved it tomorrow. So I mean, there are still huge, huge. . .","Yeah.",". . . Problems and difficulties ahead for Prime Minister Theresa May."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This statement implies that while the British parliament are having approving a decision, the European parliament are good to go with the approval.","questions":"How are the heads of state likely to approve it?","answer":"Tomorrow"}
{"text":["It's great to be with you, Ira. Thank you.","I'm just looking at the abstract of your study, and some of these numbers are amazing. Seventy-two percent, 72 of all Americans think that global warming should be a very high or medium or a priority for the president and the Congress. That crosses all party lines.","It does. It includes 84 percent of Democrats, 68 percent of independents and 52 percent of Republicans. So yes, there is this difference between Democrats and Republicans. But nonetheless, a majority of Republicans do think that global warming should be a priority for our elected officials.","So why are we all under the impression that there is not this majority?","Ah. Great question. So one of the things that became very clear to us early in our research was that Americans don't speak with a single voice on this issue. And in fact, what we've identified is what we call a global warming's six Americas, that essentially you can look at the country and find that there are six very different communities within the United States, that each respond to this issue in very different ways. One group we call the alarmed. That's only about 12 percent of the public."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : I'm just looking at the abstract of your study, and some of these numbers are amazing. Seventy-two percent, 72 of all Americans think that global warming should be a very high or medium or a priority for the president and the Congress. That crosses all party lines. (Literal meaning: expressing amazement at the high percentage of Americans who prioritize global warming)","questions":"What percentage of all Americans prioritize global warming as a very high or medium priority for the president and Congress?","answer":"72"}
{"text":["An investigation by the U. S.  Park Police and the FBI found that Mr.  Foster committed suicide. We turn now to Joe Klein. He's a political columnist for Time magazine and, of course, author of \"Primary Colors,\" the 1996 bestseller that featured a charming, philandering rogue of a southern governor and his proud, smart and oft humiliated wife - wonder what inspired that. Is Bill Clinton's personal history a legitimate campaign issue?","No, I don't think so. I mean, we've been through this time and time and time and time again. And there's so many legitimate campaign issues out there. I think that it's kind of a way for Donald Trump to steal a new cycle, as they say these days. I do think that there's an interesting debate going on within the Democratic Party about Bill Clinton's substance of record in the '90s. But that's a different thing.","Tactically, do you see it as a wise campaign issue on Trump's part?","I think people are going to get tired of it. You know, this sort of stuff worked in the Republican primaries. I think that people are entertained by his antics. It remains to be seen whether people are going to vote on him. I mean, you have to understand that we've never seen a candidate like Donald Trump before."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Donald Trump's use of Bill Clinton's personal history to distract from legitimate campaign issues is not an effective strategy","questions":"What did PersonA say about Donald Trump's use of Bill Clinton's personal history as a campaign issue?","answer":"Entertained"}
{"text":["Yeah. Did we once all have them and they went away somehow?Or what - why did some of us have the healthy population and some of us don't?","Well, that's all down to exposures. And, you know, one of the things that clearly can deplete a microbiome of diversity is antimicrobial use, which clearly is more prevalent in use and perhaps inappropriately.","Antibiotics, you mean.","Exactly. In the last several decades. That's clearly one obvious approach to deplete the diversity. The other thing is, we think that viral infections, which frequently perceive these kind of chronic outcomes in inflammatory disease, including in the sinuses, they may actually perturb the microbiome and induce, perhaps, inflammation from the host that actually kills some of these protective organisms."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Antimicrobial use, including antibiotics, can deplete microbiome diversity.","questions":"Which factor can deplete microbiome diversity?","answer":"Antimicrobial"}
{"text":["Last week, the French ended their rotation at the head of United Nations Security Council. Their permanent representative, Ambassador Gerard Araud, had one preeminently difficult issue on his agenda while in charge. And, of course, that was the question of what to do about Syria. Ambassador Araud joins us from his office in New York City. Mr. Ambassador, thanks very much for being with us.","Good morning.","Mr. Ambassador, first, of course, there seemed to be more reports of civilian deaths every day in Syria. How frustrating were these last few months for you?","It was extremely frustrating because we have seen Syria sinking into what is now a real civil war. And we have desperately tried to avoid it because this country has an incredible potential for violence, violence within Syria and unfortunately also beyond the borders of Syria."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is (3) where the interviewer asks the French Ambassador how frustrating the last few months were for him. ","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue reveals the Ambassador's concerns about the potential spread of violence beyond the borders of Syria?","answer":"3"}
{"text":["You are so nice for not doing that spoiler alert. But, yes, so many people discuss Israel-Palestine as if its people on a spectrum. But this notion where people say, oh, you know, Israel and Palestine, they disagree. It's not a spectrum. It's metaphysics.","They're in a different reality, whereas, I lived in Jerusalem that had the Temple Mount and a Palestinian neighbor lived in al-Quds that had Haram al-Sharif. Like, literally, we're inhabiting the same space and in a different city with a different extraordinary holy place on the same spot. And, to me, you know, that gets us to the title of this book. I was looking for a space for the no man's land where a moment of understanding might take place.","Is there an affinity between writers and spies?","That's funny. I'm like - I was going to the list. I was like, writers and shrinks, writers and sociopaths. But, yeah, I have a whole list of things. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : But this notion where people say, oh, you know, Israel and Palestine, they disagree. It's not a spectrum. It's metaphysics.\"  In this turn, the implied meaning is that the issue between Israel and Palestine is not simply a matter of differing opinions or viewpoints on a spectrum. The speaker suggests that it goes beyond that and enters the realm of metaphysics, indicating a deeper and more complex nature to the conflict than a simple disagreement.","questions":"Which concept does the speaker suggest the conflict between Israel and Palestine goes beyond?","answer":"Spectrum"}
{"text":["Yes. (Laughter). I suppose you're right. I mean, that may follow. But I. . .","(Laughter).",". . . Wanted to explore a masculine archetype. And that's what Daddy is. He is larger than life. He's almost too big to exist. He's straight out of mythology. He's very strong and reassuring, and he sticks by his children, et cetera. But he's also - you know, he's got this troubled streak. This sort of - this violence in him. He's entirely defined by his body, his physicality, his strength. And Cathy arrived, saying, actually, what happens when these ideals are instilled in someone who doesn't inhabit the right physicality?Or she's somebody who has a very similar temperament to her father, but she doesn't have his strength. And she's a girl. And how does she stitch together those dual identities?","Yeah. There is - not to give too much away, but there's an act of violence in the book in which a woman takes a man's life. She sees it as her only way to survive. And I have to ask if recent events and recent debates and soul searching we've had in both our countries makes the scene even more telling."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the literal meaning is that the other person laughs in response to something that was said.","questions":"How did PersonB react to PersonA's statement in line 0?","answer":"Laughter"}
{"text":["Yeah, it's a peculiar thing. What John McCain has said was that his vote was consistent with his early view that we ought not be limiting the military options available, and that those options ought not be constrained and that using enhanced interrogation techniques are something that is useful to the military. But that, of course, contradicts what he has been saying on the campaign trail all along, which is that he's opposed to torture and opposed to these sorts of things. So there's a real inconsistency there, but John McCain seems to think that there is some way to reconcile his position.","So here's the huge question. Is waterboarding legal?What do you think?","Well, you know, that's a great question. You know, if you sort of go back and look at the history of waterboarding, at least in America with respect to prosecutions and laws that have been passed up, you get the growing sense that it is unlawful, that it is illegal, that it's you know, a violation of the U. N.  declaration of human rights. It's a violation of the U. N.  Convention Against Torture. It's a violation of the United States Detainees Torture Act of 2005. The CIA has said that it has not used this since 2003. It prohibited the use in 2006, and so on and so forth. So you would think that there seems to be some consensus growing that it is unlawful. And yet the attorney general has yet to define waterboarding as torture and illegal.","So why is it so hard to determine whether it's torture or not?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning is that there is growing consensus that waterboarding is unlawful and violates various international and US laws, but the attorney general has not yet defined it as torture and illegal. The words used may imply that the speaker thinks it is clear that waterboarding is illegal and the attorney general's inaction is troubling.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the attorney general's inaction on defining waterboarding as torture?","answer":"Troubling"}
{"text":["Why they're talking about it is because they feel they have to talk about it. The government of Bangladesh wants the bulk of these people to return. They also would be feeling some domestic pressures in this area, as well. And the government of Burma, I think, is feeling some of the pressure from the international community and feels some need to be responsive. But the real story here is this is horrifying, this discussion, to be taking place right now, given the complete absence of measures in place to ensure safety and security upon return.","As I understand it, the Rohingya, according to this agreement, will be moved from the camps in Bangladesh to a camp in Myanmar where there could be security concerns.","Oh yeah, there are no safeguards in place. There - been no serious discussion of safeguards for return. You have to realize that we're talking about one of the greatest crimes in recent memory - massive abuses, forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of people in a matter of weeks.","There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N.  official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Myanmar government is preventing international monitors from overseeing the situation, indicating they have something to hide.","questions":"How is the Myanmar government responding to international monitoring of the situation?","answer":"preventing"}
{"text":["A degree, yeah.","Yeah. We're talking Jay Kang about his article that ran in The New York Times magazine this past weekend, \"That Other School Shooting. \"And you're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","I wanted to ask you about another Korean-American you ran into. An Eagle Scout who, in fact, wanted to build a memorial garden.","Yeah, Kinsa Durst. He was - I think he is 19 now. You know, he's the type of the kid that I think every parent wants to, you know, at some way, their kid to grow up to be. He had sort of the same reaction that I had. And it was interesting to me that, you know, somebody so young who's father was not Korean but his father was Caucasian but living in Korea, I think, for a while, would be so honest about this idea that this reflects violent Koreans because Virginia Tech also happened, which I think is a quote he gave me verbatim.","And instead, you know, instead of sort of - I guess, sort of, wallowing in the shame of it or trying to suppress the connection or even sort of bearing it with post-modern, sort of, academic speak about how we, you know, no one person should represent anybody else. And he went on built a peace garden in front of the school with commemorative stones for the dead. And on - during one of the memorial services that I attended, he gave this talk about how he wanted to help Korean and American relations."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"And he went on built a peace garden\" - The literal meaning is that Kinsa Durst constructed a peace garden. The actual meaning is that Kinsa Durst took action to honor the victims of the shooting and to promote peace between Korean and American communities by building a peace garden.","questions":"How did Kinsa Durst respond to the shooting?","answer":"Peace"}
{"text":["That we've got to put this behind us. If we keep worrying about all that happened and all the things that have been unfair - the whole thing is unfair. We're going to have to move past it and look forward with hope so that we can move on with our lives.","Loren Lighthall is the principal of Paradise High School.","Thank you very much, and we wish you so much luck in your next chapter.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meaning was differ from the original meaning that is the right answer","questions":"Which turn had a meaning that differed from its original meaning?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["I don't know that all of it will be seen. Some of the evidence went to the grand jury, and in order for that to be revealed, you'd have to go to the judge and show a particularized need for disclosure. There's also some FBI reports and other types of evidence and possibly Freedom of Information Act requests - we'll get that. But I don't think you're going to see everything that the prosecutors accumulated and might have presented in the criminal case.","Because now there's going to be a bunch of different investigations into the circumstances surrounding Jeffrey Epstein's death, might that reveal some information that otherwise would have been hidden?","Well, that's a possibility because as they look at people, there's all sorts of conspiracy theories already floating out there. And as they start investigating who might have had an interest, who had a motive, might that information come out?It could. But we don't know yet. And many questions still may not be answered. I think for the victims, this is going to be hard because they're never going to see Jeffrey Epstein in court, get what they think is due to him. But I think more of the information still could come out.","As you mentioned, there have been a lot of conspiracy theories about Epstein's death. And people are angry. And and I'm wondering, do you share that feeling?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The theories do not float but are being spoken out to repeatedly to a large number of people to see if others will believe them. ","questions":"What is the nature of the conspiracy theories surrounding Epstein's death?","answer":"Repeated"}
{"text":["I think everything that I do and I try to do in my life is to thank them because they do so much for me on a daily. And I just want to show them how grateful I am because I truly am grateful. It's, like, a lot of sacrifices going to my quince. A lot of things had to get put on hold. And to be able to, like, have that quince and to be able to do all that - I just wanted to be as thankful as I could during the whole process. And I live for them, basically. Everything I do for them is, like, a hundred percent, kind of.","Matt, this topic was new to you. What did you learn about Latino culture?","O'NEILL: There's so many different facets of a quinceanera, from the baile sorpresa, the surprise dance, to the last doll, to the replacing of the heels - you know, the - giving the first gift of heels. And all those details I hadn't known about quinceaneras or this aspect of Latino culture. But I think the thing that became most clear is that at the core of these ceremonies is familial love, and that's what you see celebrated in each of the four films. And it's a universal aspect of human life. And Latino, Irish, every culture pours so much into their children, and that's what you see through these quinceaneras.","Rosi Alvarez is featured in the new HBO series \"A Quinceanera Story\" directed by filmmaker Matt O'Neil. Thanks to you both for sharing this project."],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The celebration of familial love is at the core of quinceaneras, a universal aspect of human life that every culture pours into their children.","questions":"How is familial love celebrated in quinceaneras?","answer":"Culture."}
{"text":["I was hugely skeptical of this idea that wine was, as some people say, bottled poetry. And part of what made Morgan such an incredible guide for me is that he was so passionately convinced of wine's ability to make us feel small the way a painting can or a great piece of music.","And I think that we tend to be biased against this idea that wine can exist on the same plane as art, partially because of history. If you go back to Plato and Aristotle, they were really the first to dismiss the senses of taste and smell. They told us that these were the savage, animalistic senses, that they could never provide these sort of soulful insights into the world. And we've really dismissed them ever since.","I want to talk a little bit about the words that are used to describe wine. You know, normally we hear things like dry, oaky, buttery - I kind of understand what those mean. But sommeliers have a much more creative way of describing tasting notes that you might not hear in a restaurant.","Well, you get everything from the more straightforward fruits and vegetables. So it could be pomegranate, raspberry, blackberry, apple, pear, lemon. They can also range to the far more imaginative. There were times where I was sitting in a tasting group and I thought that I was hearing someone read from a Wiccan book of love spells."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implicated meaning: The descriptions used in the wine tasting group were incredibly imaginative and evocative, to the point where they seemed like mystical incantations or enchantments found in a Wiccan book of love spells. It implies that the language used to describe the flavors and aromas of wine can be poetic, enchanting, and highly creative, going beyond literal descriptions.","questions":"Which sense was dismissed by Plato and Aristotle, but is believed by some to provide soulful insights into the world, according to the dialogue?","answer":"taste"}
{"text":["And if you get. . .",". . . That may have been repeated in the media.","If you get 10 lawyers in a room, you're going to have 12 different opinions.","Do you want to see Robert Mueller testify before Congress?","You know, there are some that would like to see him come and testify. I think most people say, look; the report is filed. What more are you going to learn?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : There is no need for Robert Mueller to testify since the report is already filed.","questions":"Which report?","answer":"filed"}
{"text":["Well, CCH Pounder, great to talk to you.","Thank you.","CCH Pounder is an actor and gallery owner. Her space in Los Angeles is called the Pounder-Kone Art Space, and she joined me right here in the studios of NPR West in Culver City.","That's our show for today. Thank you for sharing your time with us. To listen to the show or subscribe to our podcast, visit our website nprnewsandnotes. org. To join the conversation or sign up for our newsletter, visit our blog at nprnewsandviews. org."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : sharing your time with us implies listening to the show","questions":"How does sharing your time with NPR imply listening?","answer":"listening"}
{"text":["I'm doing quite well. Always great to talk to you. We just heard from Deroy Murdock, who gave an analysis as a conservative, as a Libertarian conservative that basically said the president is doing us wrong by moving ahead with a program like TARP. Party lines have been divided over this, you know, within the Democratic and Republican parties. What's your perspective on the usefulness of TARP and how the money that has not been allocated is best used?","Well, let me kind a give you a little bit of the history of TARP. As you know, we were confronted with an emergency situation where the secretary, Secretary Paulson, came to us and said, we're in a crisis.","Over the weekend prior to his being in contact with us about our crises, he had engineered a big sale on Wall Street because it appeared that if one of the big banks that was involved in the sale had gone bust-up on that weekend prior to the markets opening on Monday morning, it would have triggered a depression.","When he came to us as the treasurer, knowledgeable about the economy, describing the dire situation, he had a four-page proposal. It really did shake everybody up. But we tried to put some meat on the proposal and not just give him what he was asking for with no strings attached."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The big sale on Wall Street was engineered to avoid depression","questions":"What weekend triggered the need for a big sale on Wall Street?","answer":"Weekend"}
{"text":["Well, I think a lot of us have become inert to that. Certainly, we have problems in spades. And for any journalist who wants to come to the city and write about its resurgence, which is taking place in pockets in the city, they do well not to generalize because it shows that you're turning a blind eye to the people who've struggled the hardest to stay here.","Michael Jackman is managing editor of the Detroit Metro Times. Thanks so much for being with us.","It's my pleasure.","This is NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) is that people have become inactive or lacking in energy, and the speaker is suggesting that there are significant problems that need to be addressed in the city. However, the implied meaning is that people have become desensitized or accustomed to these problems, and the journalist should not make broad generalizations about the city without considering the struggles of its residents.","questions":"What is the speaker warning against in their advice to journalists?","answer":"Making"}
{"text":["And so that - what you're doing now is you're experiencing the retro-nasal olfaction, which is the way that we smell through our mouth as the vapors from the food, the volatile aromas, go back up our sinus cavity and reach our nose through our mouth. That's called retro-nasal olfaction or what I refer to as mouth-smelling.","It's true. You know, we've all done this when we were kids in school, but unless you really do it as an adult and think about it and watch it, it's a whole different reaction. You really do notice the difference. It's - I also, I've also noticed that your sight, you know, what you expect food - years ago, I used to do this show called \"Newton's Apple\" on PBS, and one of the things that they - they handed me once an ice cream cone with vanilla ice cream in it.","And they said have a taste. And I tasted it, and I could not figure out what was on the cone. And it turned out it was a scoop of mashed potatoes.","Oh, wow. That's a good one."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In (3), B tasted an ice cream cone with vanilla ice cream and thought it was mashed potatoes. The actual meaning here is that the appearance and texture of the ice cream fooled B's sense of taste, which expected mashed potatoes rather than sweet, creamy ice cream. The literal meaning would be that B tasted mashed potatoes in an ice cream cone, which is not the case.","questions":"How did PersonB react to the ice cream cone in (2)?","answer":"Different"}
{"text":["Huge.","Bringing peace there. Is there - there are some similarities I would imagine with Rwanda.","You know, I haven't heard the organized ones like we did see there. But always I think, they've been the backbone of the country but always in the background, not even allowed to own property. And now with these new rights given to them, we're seeing some real, real progress.","So, Carl, for you, in a sense you could say that Rwanda was ground zero, but now you have expanded beyond there to continue your works around the world. Tell us briefly about that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the group of people they are referring to have been pivotal to the success of the country","questions":"How would you describe the role of the group of people mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Backbone"}
{"text":["Honestly, much to my mother's chagrin, I think I would like to come back to the Middle East and continue to cover a lot of the developments here, maybe Afghanistan, continue to cover a lot of our diplomatic efforts abroad.","I think that the next four to eight years of the Obama administration are going to be incredibly interesting, with a lot of the diplomatic efforts to just to try to put a lot of the things back together. Certainly, what's going on now in the Gaza Strip is incredibly interesting, as well. So I think, once I learn the business and learn a lot of skills, I'd love to go abroad as a foreign correspondent someday.","Army Captain Nate Rawlings with the First Brigade Combat Team of the 4th Infantry Division joining us from Baghdad. And it's been great speaking with you. Have a great new year.","Thank you. Happy New Year to you, too."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A wants to continue covering developments in the Middle East despite mother's disapproval","questions":"Which country does PersonA want to cover as a foreign correspondent someday?","answer":"Middle-East"}
{"text":["Do you go back and see your plays often after they're up and running?","Yes, I do. I mean, in the old days, I didn't, and I was very sorry for it. And I had to learn to do it because we have something we call, especially in the world of large shows, a lot of people killing babies where the director comes back and basically says, you know how they used to just come in and say hello?Well, you know, I think instead of coming in now, pirouetting with a finger up your butt, why don't you just go back to coming in and saying, hello?","And we do that fairly frequently because people do get bored, and they elaborate without even necessarily knowing they've elaborated. What's unusual is that the guys in \"Death of a Salesman\" simplify. They don't add. They simplify and they get truer, and they find each other more. I've never quite seen it to this extent, but it's very exciting to see and I'd like to go back and see it as often as I can.","You described some playwrights, Beckett, for example, as somebody whose work seems to back away from you the closer you get it. But Miller's play, you say, is not like that."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: I regret not reviewing my plays in the past.","questions":"What did PersonA have to learn to do in the world of large shows?","answer":"Learn"}
{"text":["And then bringing production back to the United States is not possible and realistic because we don't have a labor pool here. The president is closing the borders to low-skill labor. So who's going to make the product?","Now, if President Trump does go through with imposing tariffs on toy imports from China after the holiday season - let me ask you - could you afford to maintain most of your production in China still?","Well, we really won't have a choice but to find a way to afford it. And the one way to afford it is, we will have to, at some point during the course of 2020, begin to pass the tariffs along to the consumer.","So how much of a price hike are we talking for, say, like, a Cutetito?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The US does not have enough low-skilled labor to bring production back and imposing tariffs will make it difficult to manufacture products in China.","questions":"How will the tariffs affect the price of a Cutetito?","answer":"Hike"}
{"text":["Finally, before I let you go today, you've said so for years you refuse to cede your faith to the corruptions of the institutional church, but now you've stopped going to Mass. May I ask you, what did you do today to connect with the divine when you would normally have been in church?","I'm in exile. I'm a man on the margin. I did not go to Mass. I did what many people do to be in touch with the holy. I walked along the harbor. I was quietly at prayer. I may not live to see what I'm calling for take place. I'll tell you this. A hundred years from now, there will be a Catholic church. And I tell you something else - it won't look at all like the church we live in now.","That's James Carroll. He's a former Catholic priest. His piece \"Abolish The Priesthood\" is in the June 2019 issue of the Atlantic.","Mr.  Carroll, thanks so much for talking to us.","My privilege. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"I may not live to see what I'm calling for take place\" implies that the speaker is advocating for a significant change in the Catholic Church that may not happen in their lifetime.","questions":"Which institution is the speaker referring to when they mention \"what I'm calling for\"?","answer":"CatholicChurch"}
{"text":["Well, maybe before 20 September, yes, but maybe after 20 September, there might be some people from the military that think that, well, he has went too far. Actually after Trump support and blind support to Sissi, the number of people who has been arrested have been increased dramatically. So I would say that endorsing and supporting Sissi publicly by Trump give him a green light to continue and to continue crackdown on peaceful dissent.","I'm told, Mr.  Zaree, that you're on the travel ban list. Are you worried about your own safety?","I'm always worried about my own safety. And I am worried about the safety of my family. But at the same time, I can't just see what's happening and remain silent.","Mohamed Zaree is with the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies. Thank you, sir."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Trump supported Sissi without obtaining information about the man and what he does.","questions":"Which public figure did Trump support without enough information?","answer":"Sissi"}
{"text":["Yes. It's - there's a sovereignty aspect to that long-standing confrontation. You know, both sides have been pitied against each other for a long time. The new leader, Park Geun-hye, has made it clear - has been quite explicit actually about naming human rights as an issue that would have to be dealt with in North Korea. But she's also reaching out a hand and is likely to offer opportunities for dialogue with North Korea as a way of stabilizing the inter-Korean security relationship.","Stabilizing that relationship means, of course, leaving all those millions of people in North Korea in, well, dire conditions.","Well, that's true in the sense that Park is not pursuing the alternative of total confrontation. At the same time, you know, the one thing that I think seems to be clearer up to now is that none of the countries have been willing to risk that sort of military confrontation in order to drive external change in North Korea.","Has China, the most influential outside force in North Korea, has China handled the new leader more warmly or more distantly than his father?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when something is made clear in this context it means that it is explained so people understand","questions":"How has Park Geun-hye addressed the issue of human rights in North Korea?","answer":"Human,rights"}
{"text":["And there is a correlation between dogfighting rings and other crimes, perhaps?","Oh, my God, yes. You know, if you've got dogfighting and gambling, you got just about any type of crime that goes with it. It - and that's what people are more aware of.","What is the line, as research has established it, between people who abuse animals and violence against other human beings?","Well, the research is very clear. And it's been there for a long time, as I said earlier. Law enforcement just hasn't got it yet, even though some have. Some agencies do a very good job. It's growing. If you look back at Son of Sam and Dahmer and. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The turn has a literal meaning, but it also contains two cultural references. \"Son of Sam\" refers to David Berkowitz, a notorious serial killer who terrorized New York City in the 1970s. \"Dahmer\" refers to Jeffrey Dahmer, another infamous serial killer who murdered at least 17 young men and boys in the 1980s and early 1990s. The references serve to illustrate the link between animal cruelty and violence against humans, which has been established through research.","questions":"Which two cultural references are mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Son-of-Sam,Dahmer"}
{"text":["That's a wonderful section that helps us understand how their worlds were shaken up. They were safe, but on the other hand. . .","Well, on the other hand, they were sent all over the country to households who often weren't expecting them and the children themselves didn't know where they were going. They didn't know which town they were going to, who they would be staying with, whether they would be staying with friends or even their siblings. It was extraordinary.","And there were a lot of schemers. There were families who would take them in just because it increased their food coupons.","There were, indeed. And in fact, quite a lot of the research for my book - well, it certainly started with a newspaper called The St.  Albans Advertiser - and I kept on stumbling across scams. I've got one here, actually. This is directly from the newspaper. She has shown considerable ingenuity by her forgeries. Giving a false address and using the names of children that do not exist made the matter very difficult to detect. This was somebody called Doris Evelyn Hart (ph) who was claiming a billeting allowance for six children who weren't staying with her. And this was very common because you got, actually, a decent weekly wage for taking in an evacuated child."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"She has shown considerable ingenuity by her forgeries\" - The literal meaning of \"ingenuity\" is creative ability or cleverness. In this context, it refers to the ability to forge documents convincingly, which is not a positive attribute.","questions":"How did Doris Evelyn Hart claim a billeting allowance for six children who weren't staying with her?","answer":"Forgeries"}
{"text":["And, of course, it's irresistible to point out Franklin Roosevelt, who, as you rightly point out, is considered one of our greatest presidents, still put Japanese-American citizens in internment camps. Lincoln, our greatest president by universal acclamation, crushed civil liberties in many areas to prosecute the war. Are you just focusing on what Buchanan did wrong?","Look, nobody's perfect, of course. And, of course, one of the things I like to point out in the book is that Buchanan had some good traits, too. He wasn't just some evil jerk. He was the greatest party giver in mid-19th century America. He - even though he hated Douglas, there's nothing I could find in any of his papers where he bad-mouthed anybody.","He was a very civil guy. And so people liked him. So that's a plus, I would say. But his negatives was he had no knowledge of how to lead in any case. He waffled when we really needed him - the lead-up to the Civil War. And this was a really crucial time. And he really blew it.","Robert Strauss - his book, \"Worst. President. Ever. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) Implied meaning: Are you suggesting that despite the good things Franklin Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln did, they were still wrong for certain actions? ","questions":"Which president is discussed in the book as being the greatest party giver in mid-19th century America?","answer":"Buchanan"}
{"text":["As the 2018 NFL season begins, professional football is still the most popular spectator sport in America. But it's declined 10 percent in viewership last year and is beset with tough questions about how the game destroys players while it earns billions of dollars and a continuing controversy over players demonstrating their social and political concerns during the national anthem. A sport once considered a source of national unity now inspires divisions.","Mark Leibovich, The New York Times Magazine correspondent who got the goods on official Washington, D. C. , in his bestselling \"This Town,\" has turned his attention to the National Football League - his new book, \"Big Game: The NFL In Dangerous Times. \"He's in our studios. Mark, thanks so much for being with us.","Good to be here, Scott.","I have to ask you a hard news question first. An arbitrator ruled this week Colin Kaepernick's grievance against NFL owners could go to trial. He says NFL owners have been colluding to keep him out of the game. Does this case have what I'll call Mueller-like potential?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Professional football is still popular, but it has declined in viewership and raised concerns over players' safety and political protests.","questions":"Which correspondent's new book is about the National Football League?","answer":"Leibovich"}
{"text":["As for the money that AIG does borrow from the government, the interest rate will be lower. The interest rate the government charged before was very high, and the reason it did this was political. The government knew that taxpayers wouldn't like lending AIG money. So, they wanted to take - make some of the terms of the loan pretty harsh so no one could come back and say, you know, this was some kind of sweetheart deal. Well, now the rate is going to be much more manageable. The company will have more time to pay it off.","Now, in exchange for this, AIG will have to agree to restrictions on financial compensation for five top executives. AIG, as you may remember, got into a lot of trouble because it sent some agents on expensive treatments to spas in California right after receiving the bailout. So, this compensation is kind of a sensitive issue for the company.","And what about taxpayers?Can we expect to get any of that money back from AIG at some point?","Well, as I said, you know, the government is going to be buying $40 billion in AIG stock. The money will come from the big, $700 billion bailout plan that Congress approved in September. You know, some of that, taxpayers presumably will get back if stock goes up. You know, but nobody really knows."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : AIG will have to agree to restrictions on executive compensation because of past misuse of bailout money.","questions":"What caused the restrictions on executive compensation for AIG?","answer":"time"}
{"text":["Right. They're kind of barracks, right?This sort of - people don't have privacy.","No privacy. In some cases, they actually look like slave cabins. I mean, they're small. They're wooden shacks. Many of them - in fact, I have not seen one. They do not have bathrooms in the living facility itself. If you don't have a bathroom in your home or in your living space, you have to walk, in some cases, quite a ways to get to the toilet, to get to a shower. And this creates another vulnerability for women and something that they always have to be careful of, especially young girls.","What needs to happen, in your view?","Oh. I sigh because it's been such a long road. I think the best way for women to protect themselves - the best way that I've seen in the many years that I've organized has actually been a union contract. And that's because a union contract has a grievance process that guarantees that there will be no retaliation, that provides a means of justice and fairness and a response that's speedy, that addresses the issue, that allows farmworkers to actually have abusive supervisors fired and go back to work and be safe. If there's no way for an abuser to be actually punished for what he's doing to the women in the workplace, then it doesn't work. It doesn't work. And women are not going to complain. They're not going to feel safe."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Oh. I sigh because it's been such a long road. - The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is exhaling loudly because of a long journey. The actual meaning is that the speaker is expressing exhaustion and frustration from the challenges of advocating for farmworkers' rights.","questions":"Which emotion is the speaker trying to convey through the turn \"Oh. I sigh because it's been such a long road.\"?","answer":"frustration"}
{"text":["Aw. We mentioned that you worked for President George W.  Bush, who advised John McCain. In your circle of friends, people there at the Hoover Institution - without violating any any confidences - your friends and colleagues - is your opinion widely held or are people who ordinarily would support the Republican candidate talking about voting for Hillary Clinton?","I think this is a real time of crisis for Republicans. It's hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Donald Trump. And it's very hard for many of my friends to think about supporting Hillary Clinton. In fact, I would have indulged the luxury of writing in one of my terrific nephews for president if I hadn't seen that the polls during the British referendum were off by 12 points. And my concern that (inaudible) be accurate, and everybody's vote's actually going to count this election.","Kori Schake is a research fellow at the Hoover Institution. She joined us by Skype. Thanks very much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People are uncertain about their vote in this election, and are hesitant to support either the Republican or Democratic candidate.","questions":"What is the general sentiment of PersonA's friends and colleagues towards the Republican and Democratic candidates in the current election?","answer":"Reluctance"}
{"text":["Good morning, Linda.","Who is Loretta Lynch, and does she have the chops to do this huge job?","Linda, she's been the U. S.  attorney in Brooklyn twice - once during the Obama administration now and previously during the Clinton years. And this district she covers serves 8 million people. It's huge. So she has a really long record of prosecuting people, including policemen who brutalized Haitian immigrant Abner Louima back in 1997, a lot of old-school mobsters in Brooklyn and Queens, the man who tried to bomb the New York City subway system a few years ago who had ties to al-Qaida, and more recently, Linda, Congressman Michael Grimm, a Republican from Staten Island who she's prosecuting on fraud charges. Grimm was just reelected. He pleaded not guilty in that case.","Now lots of lawyers were lining up to lead the Justice Department. So why did the White House decide to go with Lynch?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : have the chops to do this implies does she have the skills and abilities to do this","questions":"Which job is PersonB referring to?","answer":"Justice-Department"}
{"text":["That's right. They said they would, and they're going to do it. Universal background checks for gun buyers is one of the bills they're going to vote on. These are measures with broad public support, many having arisen since the most horrific mass shootings we have seen in recent months and years.","Senator Bernie Sanders entered the 2020 race for president this week - I think $6 million he raised within 48 hours or something. But he touched off a recurrent question about if he's really a Democrat in all ways, maybe. This week, he refused to call Nicolas Maduro a dictator.","You know, terminology and labels are not ultimately where people live, but they can have meaning and effect when it comes to campaigns. We certainly saw that in 2016. Sanders only calls himself a Democrat when he's seeking to be the party nominee for president. The rest of the time and in Congress, he calls himself an independent. And that may be more accurate.","The phrase democratic socialist that Sanders uses a lot - that has quite a few fans, especially among younger voters, who seem to take this word socialist in stride. Older voters still remember the years when to be a socialist was to be on the wrong side of the Cold War in many people's minds. And voters of all ages will be taking part in those primaries and caucuses starting in less than a year.","Thanks so much. Ron Elving, thanks for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"The phrase democratic socialist that Sanders uses a lot - that has quite a few fans, especially among younger voters, who seem to take this word socialist in stride.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that Sanders' use of the term \"democratic socialist\" has garnered support among young voters who are not put off by the term \"socialist.\" The actual meaning is that the speaker is noting a generational divide in how voters perceive the term \"socialist.\"","questions":"How do younger voters perceive the term \"socialist\"?","answer":"In-stride"}
{"text":["Now, Mr.  Trump often points out that the school, at least on the website, had an overwhelmingly favorable rating from former students. But the plaintiffs say that it wasn't like that at all.","Really, that's exactly what they say. They argue that the whole point to this school was to keep selling students increasingly expensive seminars. First, there was a free introductory course where students were told they could make tens of thousands of dollars in just a couple of months using Trump's investment techniques.","But to learn those, they had to sign up for another seminar that cost about 1,500 bucks. And at that seminar, they were sold another course that cost as much as $35,000. They claim that students were encouraged to go into credit-card debt and even cash out their 401(k)s to pay for these top-level courses.","The settlement was reached. Well, one of these suits was about to go to trial on Monday, wasn't it?","Yeah, it was, though attorneys for Trump wanted it delayed because he was too busy with the transition. But, clearly, his schedule wasn't going to get any easier once he became president. So the judge in the case was urging both sides to settle."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \u201cThe settlement was reached.Well, one of these suits was about to go to trial on Monday, wasn't it?\u201d - Implied meaning: Trump was attempting to postpone the trial due to his busy schedule. ","questions":"What was Trump's reason for wanting to delay the trial?","answer":"schedule"}
{"text":["And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?","Well, so all of this water from upstream that's coming from northeast Oklahoma is heading downstream into Tulsa. They have these aging levees. Many of them were built in the 1940s. The Keystone Dam is releasing huge amounts of water, and that has led to thousands of people being evacuated from their homes in the Tulsa area.","And then if you go down river, as you get closer to Arkansas, some communities, like Braggs and Webbers Falls, have been totally emptied out. One mayor earlier this week told people that if they refuse to evacuate, they should write their identification on their arm.","Wow. I mean, it does sound as though it's just an overwhelmingly awful combination of floods and tornadoes and bad weather. What are people saying as you are out and about interviewing people and, I guess, just talking to your own neighbors?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The situation is so dangerous that people who refuse to evacuate should identify themselves in case of death.","questions":"What should people who refuse to evacuate do in case of death?","answer":"Identify"}
{"text":["And again, art is predicated. Art lives off of, you know, making a lot of errors. And I certainly now feel like I've got, like, you know, a ton of space in which to kind of screw up and from that screw-up hopefully do something really nice.","Do you think you'll still be in that same world that you've written about in your other books, or will you - you don't know yet.","Yeah, I mean, I don't want to for this next book. This next book, I'm trying to make kind of more of a science-fictiony type book. But you never know until the book is finished what in the world it's going to be. I have dreams for my books, but it's like having dreams for your kids. You know, you want your kids to be this serious engineer or doctor, and they turn around, and they're kind of a crazy left-wing artist, and you're like darn, how did that turn out?","You know, you're known for taking a long time to finish your books, as well, I think."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Artists need to make mistakes to create something great.","questions":"What does art rely on?","answer":"Mistakes"}
{"text":["Well, you summarized it beautifully at the beginning. Dan Peterson is an amateur astronomer, and really he was just, sort of, bent over his telescope looking through the eyepiece when he saw this brilliant flash of light in the cloud top of Jupiter.","And he immediately went onto the Internet and told a forum of amateurs what he had seen. Now, you know, 10 or 20 years ago, if he had made that report, people would have told him oh, you're crazy, you're seeing things. But in this case, another amateur astronomer, George Hall in Texas, happened to be video recording Jupiter at the same time.","He wasn't actually watching the planet with his own eyes, but he was making a video recording. And when he went and looked back at his footage, he found sure enough, there was a flash of light just when Dan Peterson said that he saw it. And most likely what happened was that an asteroid hit Jupiter - and not a huge asteroid, probably an asteroid about 10 meters or 30 feet in diameter - and it would have exploded at about the - with an energy equal to about 10 times our early atomic bomb.","Wow, what is an asteroid doing near Jupiter?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In the past, people would not believe amateur astronomers, but now there is more trust in their reports.","questions":"Which profession's credibility has increased in recent times according to the dialogue?","answer":"Amateur"}
{"text":["So in 1996, there was something called the Dickey Amendment. And that resulted in federal funding being taken away for gun violence research. Even after Newtown and after President Obama had issued the executive order for the CDC to be able to study the cause of gun violence, there's still been a lot of hesitation to do that. You know, gun violence is responsible for about as many deaths as sepsis is. But funding for gun violence research is equivalent to 0. 7 percent of the funding that's allocated for sepsis. When you think about this in the big picture, we have such a public health crisis that we're dealing with yet not enough research and evidence that's being put into the system to figure out how we can develop solutions that are going to really make a difference.","You've actually experienced this from the other end. You were shot when you were 17. Tell me what happened.","After a high school football game one evening, I was nearly killed after being shot in the throat with a 38-caliber bullet. A lot of 17-year-olds don't appreciate the fact that they're mortal, don't realize, you know, kind of the importance of their family and other aspects like that. And when that injury happened to me, it really changed my life. It inspired me to want to be able to give other people the same second chance that I was given.","Dr.  Joseph Sakran is the director of Emergency General Surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Gun violence is a major public health crisis but there is not enough funding for research to develop solutions","questions":"Which type of research has insufficient funding to address a major public health crisis?","answer":"gun"}
{"text":["So they're very competent, very professional and, quite frankly, surprisingly good. You know, we've had a tendency in this country to sort of dismiss North Korea as a backward country. But it's not. In the nuclear arena, there are two paths to the bomb. One is the plutonium path. They showed me all of that in 2004 - not very fancy but good enough. And then in 2010, they actually showed me centrifuge facility. That was simply astounding. It was a modern facility, and it was remarkable for them to have that.","One of the goals of these potential talks is the denuclearization of North Korea. Given they've got such capabilities, how likely is it to happen?","Well, first of all, I think it's not very likely to happen. What's significant in the current situation is they've actually said that they would be willing to give up nuclear weapons, you know, if their security is assured, and they're not threatened. However, to think that's going to happen in the short term is just not realistic because to build a nuclear weapons program, it's an enormous number of facilities. It's a large number of people. It took, well, more or less 50 years but particularly the last 25 years to get to where they are today. They're not going to turn that over overnight.","Well, short of full denuclearization, what other steps could North Korea take to prove, you know, its sincerity in this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : North Korea is not as backward as we tend to believe.","questions":"Which country is being discussed as not being as backward as we tend to believe?","answer":"North-Korea"}
{"text":["Good to be with you, Scott.","So who came out of that debate looking strong as we look ahead to Iowa?","Two people in particular, Trump and Cruz, Donald Trump and Ted Cruz. Trump is no longer the dominating personality that he was, but he's still the name leading in national polls and in most of the early states. Cruz, though, is the central figure in this particular debate if only because he was the object of most of the attacks from the other candidates. And he is masterful at slipping the punch, changing the subject, turning the criticism back onto others.","What about all the time he had to spend, though, going back and forth about whether he's even eligible to run for president?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Two people in particular, Trump and Cruz, Donald Trump and Ted Cruz. Trump is no longer the dominating personality that he was, but he's still the name leading in national polls and in most of the early states. Cruz, though, is the central figure in this particular debate if only because he was the object of most of the attacks from the other candidates. And he is masterful at slipping the punch, changing the subject, turning the criticism back onto others.  In this turn, the actual meaning goes beyond the literal meaning. The speaker is not simply providing a factual description of the debate and the candidates, but they are also implying that Trump's dominance has diminished, although he still leads in polls. They also suggest that Cruz's ability to deflect criticism and turn it against others makes him a significant figure in the debate. The implied meaning is about the shifting dynamics and strategies of the candidates and their relative strengths.","questions":"What name is leading in national polls and in most of the early states according to turn 2?","answer":"Trump"}
{"text":["We are. . .","We are - yeah.","There's something - does that bother you or that we're experimenting on ourselves?","Oh, a little bit, I guess, you know?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Oh, a little bit, I guess, you know?\" The literal meaning is that the speaker is acknowledging that they are bothered to some extent. However, the actual meaning could be interpreted as the speaker downplaying their concerns or trying to appear nonchalant about the situation.","questions":"Which statement could be interpreted as downplaying concerns?","answer":"Downplaying"}
{"text":["And how have the volatile markets affected the pension funds that you're responsible for?","Well, it has definitely had an impact, but like most pension plans, we're extremely well-diversified. But we still are down a little over 20 percent for the fiscal year, which is - started in June 30. But we're down less than the Dow, and less than the S&P, because we're in a fairly diversified portfolio, with just over half of our exposure to the equity market at all. We have an exposure of almost 40 percent to bonds and about 10 percent to real estate.","But as you mentioned, you are down. So, what happens to the city employees who are scheduled to receive their pension now or in the near future?","With San Diego's pension system, like most pension systems around the country, the current environment in any particular month is less important than the one day a year you take a snapshot of our assets and liabilities. And for us, that's June 30th. So, the current economic impact hasn't had any real impact yet, and we won't know what, if any, impact it has on the plan until June 30th, when our actuary will take a snapshot of our assets. The market may have recovered with the new administration and a new economic team and the stimulus measures being talked about in Washington. Who knows where the market will be June 30?But that's the date that will have an impact on our plan and most around the country."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Pension plan has been impacted by volatile markets, but due to diversification, it has not been severely impacted.","questions":"How much is the pension plan down for the fiscal year?","answer":"20"}
{"text":["Well, the committee report - it's not unexpected - but the draft reports thus far says that the impeachment committee believes Democratic Governor Rod Blagojevich has abused his power. Quoting from the report, \"The citizens of this state must have confidence that the governor will faithfully serve the people and put their interests before his own. It is with profound regret that the committee finds that our current governor has not done so. \"","It's quite voluminous. It's 60 pages or so of documentation of things beyond just what the federal prosecutor in Chicago has alleged that the governor has done, many reasons to impeach him beyond just the alleged criminal activity that he has been arrested and charged with.","Now, is there a rush to do this before - to possibly impeach the governor before Mr.  Burris would be seated as the junior senator from Illinois?","The report is drafted without Burris' testimony. To consider, they would add it to it, I suppose, if he says something remarkable this afternoon. But they seemed to feel that they have enough evidence to move forward with the impeachment. The rush is really to just get him out of office before they have to grapple with a huge budget deficit here in the state of Illinois. The relationship between the Legislature and the governor has been dysfunctional for quite some time, and it's only gotten worse since his arrest last month."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Legislature wants to get the governor out of office before dealing with a huge budget deficit and the dysfunctional relationship between them.","questions":"Which issue is the Legislature trying to avoid by getting the governor out of office?","answer":"Deficit"}
{"text":["Now, Ward Connerly said of economic affirmative action was okay so you know, rich and poor but not racial or gender. How do you feel about those distinctions?","I think that it's some - I think that there's something very misguided about that. If you're saying that the government can take action to try to bring about equality based on finances and economic status, it seems to me that given that racism and sexism still deform opportunity in this society, it makes no sense to stand against allowing the government and allowing the private sector to take action to try to bring about greater equality and equal opportunity.","Next week in Michigan, a federal district court judge is going to hear oral arguments against prop two. That judge could decide to throw out the proposition is unconstitutional but you're actually hoping for a full trial. Why?","We are, because we think that we have to go to the Supreme Court with a full record in these cases. We think that it's extremely important to get at the question of what is - of who has a preference in the society. And I think, as Ward Connerly himself admitted in our deposition, there are all kinds of preferences and privileges that white men have that still are not afforded to the whole society. And I think it's very important to get a trial record on that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker is explaining that they want a full trial to build a complete record of the case, in order to bring attention to the issue of privilege and preference in society, particularly those that benefit white men.","questions":"How is the speaker hoping to bring attention to the issue of privilege and preference?","answer":"equality"}
{"text":["There's been a lot of death on this mountain over the past couple of years. 2012, six climbers died one day on the summit. In 2013, there was that brawl between some Sherpas and some European climbers. Sixteen people died last year on Everest, and there was the April earthquake. Why would someone want to climb Everest now?","You know, it baffles me, but, you know, this mountain has an inescapable pull for a lot of people. It's been more than four years now since there's been, you know, what would pass for a quiet season on Mount Everest. And each year that I thought that there might be a normal season, it got unimaginably worse, which is just difficult to fathom.","You know, I think that some teams are thinking about going to the North side. Some people are actually, you know, canceling their trips, and people are thinking about other mountains. But for a lot of people, you know, Everest is - it's a mythical kind of place. And for a lot of people, I think it's a lifelong dream that nothing is going to stand between them and the summit.","Grayson Schaffer, Outside Magazine senior editor, speaking with us from Santa Fe. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Here, the speaker says \"Everest is - it's a mythical kind of place\" which means that Everest has a legendary and symbolic significance in people's minds and imaginations. The literal meaning would be that Everest is a place of myth or fiction, which is not true","questions":"Which word describes the symbolic significance of Everest in people's minds?","answer":"Significance"}
{"text":["Yeah, unfortunately, yeah.","Oh, so it's not that laughing at your jokes will make you smart and attractive.","Well, it probably - if you try it probably would help over time. It'll take years, but yeah, it's a limited market kind of book - a niche market.","Well, let me go through some of these cartoons to give people an idea of what we're talking - one early on (laughter) a doctor sitting with a patient in the hospital and he has a ventriloquist dummy on his knee. And he says, I'm afraid Mr.  Bickles has some bad news."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that the book has potential benefits over time, but it may not have widespread appeal and may only appeal to a small or specific audience.","questions":"Which market?","answer":"specific"}
{"text":["And it's interesting. As you talk about this, the catcher today has regained some of that reputation from those days.","I think so. I think the catcher's toughness is really recognized. And also, the catcher's unique position, as somebody who's part of the offense and part of the defense, plays a key role in what the pitcher throws and the pitcher's ability to throw, you know, particularly balls in the dirt, which are very hard.","You know, if you don't have a good catcher back there, then the whole team is lost. And so I think the catcher has really started to regain the reputation of being a key contributor to both, and I think that's why so many great managers are former catchers.","We've been talking about Deacon White, the newest member of baseball's Hall of Fame. Baseball historian Peter Morris, thanks very much for your time today."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A good catcher is essential for the success of the team.","questions":"What plays a key role in the pitcher's ability to throw?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["So let's start with the broad lay of the land. How much money do big donors pour into races generally, and how influential are they?","Big donors can give hundreds of millions of dollars. They can really get into just huge sums of money. And so this year, when you're talking about a mid-term congressional election instead of a presidential election, that money is going to play out across 50 states. It's going to play out across hot Senate races. And it's going to play out in little, mini, pitched battles across House races. And so it has a very different impact than it does in the presidential.","How so?An outsize impact?","In some congressional districts, it can. You know, it takes a lot less money to saturate a House district with ads than it does to tip something in the presidential."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Big donors can influence elections across all levels of government.","questions":"How can big donors impact elections in congressional districts?","answer":"Ads"}
{"text":["Thanks, Michel.","Now, you've been reporting along the border all day. What have you seen?","Well, I was at the actual border this morning. It's a river that divides Mexico and Guatemala. And there was no presence of authorities there. So there are these inflatable rafts that carry people and goods across the river, and they were traveling without a problem across the river. So I saw several groups of migrants cross this morning. But things change as you move north on highways here.","So I'm currently at a highway checkpoint. There's about a dozen Mexican migration officers, as well as Mexican Army and Mexican police. And they're stopping every van and bus that comes by here and checking it for undocumented migrants.","So tell us a little bit more, if you would, about what happens to travelers who arrive at those checkpoints."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : As a journalist, you've been observing the border.","questions":"What has PersonA been doing as a journalist?","answer":"Reporting"}
{"text":["You know, it was actually that friends started hearing we were doing this and said, well, have you thought about sharing them?So, about a year ago, I rounded up 10 or 12 people in town, and I said, OK, I'm going to mail you, I'm going to email you a math problem every night. Try it with your kids and tell me what happens. And within days, people were telling me that their kids were starting to bug them for the math problem every night.","Mm-hmm. Give me a sample of a math problem. Give us a math problem sample.","Sure. So, a couple of days ago, we did one on animals that have eight legs. And, you know, how do you walk when you have eight feet without tripping over yourself?So I actually watched a video of a crab walking to see how they do this. There's also a spider video out there. I couldn't bring myself to watch that. That was going to give me nightmares. But I watched the crab one, and there's a pattern.","The four feet on one side go one, three, two, four, and the ones on the other side do the same thing, alternating. So if the pattern is one, five, three, seven, two, six, four eight, and then you do one, five, three again, which leg takes the next step?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Their kids starting asking them repeatedly for math problems every night.","questions":"How were the parents responding to their kids after they started asking them for math problems every night?","answer":"Mailing"}
{"text":["Well, I certainly hope not. I mean, I think the Thanksgiving holiday certainly adds something to our lives. But that being said, the folks who were in the lines at the front of the lines had been there since noon in order to get those $200 flat-screen TVs and such.","Let me ask about the big online sales that people now call Cyber Monday. How have they changed the strategies of actual stores?","Well, we know that retailers that have an online presence actually get a lot more loyalty out of their customers. And so Wal-Mart, Target, Nordstrom, among others, are allowing you to buy online and actually even pick it up in-store.","Now, the advantage to the retailer for buying online but picking it up in-store is to get people into the tents, so that they might see something else?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) implies that retailers want customers to pick up their items in-store so that they can be enticed to purchase other items while they are there.","questions":"What is the advantage for retailers in customers picking up their items in-store?","answer":"Advantage"}
{"text":["And there is a correlation between dogfighting rings and other crimes, perhaps?","Oh, my God, yes. You know, if you've got dogfighting and gambling, you got just about any type of crime that goes with it. It - and that's what people are more aware of.","What is the line, as research has established it, between people who abuse animals and violence against other human beings?","Well, the research is very clear. And it's been there for a long time, as I said earlier. Law enforcement just hasn't got it yet, even though some have. Some agencies do a very good job. It's growing. If you look back at Son of Sam and Dahmer and. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn (4) is implying that even though research has been conducted in this area, law enforcement has not been paying attention to it and is only now beginning to do so.","questions":"How is law enforcement responding to the research on animal abuse and its link to violence against humans?","answer":"Slow"}
{"text":["It's out of sight. It's really high. We have actual concentrations and standards that are somewhere like four, five times lower than that. So, these are all very, very high numbers, even when they're low on the Chinese scale.","It sounds as though you could project things ahead for the beginning of the Olympics. What would you expect?","Well, it's pretty good right now. But I've just been looking at the extended forecast for winds, and the middle of next week, things are going to change quite radically, around the 3rd or the 4th. The big high-pressure system from out over the Pacific is going to kick in, and that's going to produce strong winds coming over the polluted areas to the south of Beijing, and it's going to pick up a lot of pollution. And according to these forecasts, it's going to be a pretty dirty end of next week. And unfortunately, that coincides with the Opening Ceremonies a week from today.","Ken, these are official Chinese numbers that you're working with, and you are sitting there in Rhode Island looking at these. Are the numbers trustworthy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"It sounds as though you could project things ahead for the beginning of the Olympics.\" - This does not literally mean that the speaker can hear a sound that suggests the ability to predict things for the Olympics. It implies that the speaker believes the person they are talking to has the ability to make predictions about the beginning of the Olympics.","questions":"Which event is being discussed that coincides with the predicted increase in pollution?","answer":"Opening"}
{"text":["This is SCIENCE FRIDAY. I'm Flora Lichtman, filling in for Ira Flatow this week. Last week, when Hurricane Sandy sent a surge of salty water into cities and towns up and down the East Coast, among the casualties were thousands of research subjects: lab mice. A building at New York University's Medical Center flooded, and thousands of mice and rats that were being used to study cancer, heart disease and all kinds of other medical disorders died.","What does this mean for the researchers who relied upon these animals?Do scientists back up mice?Here to tell us more is Gordon Fishell. He's the associate director of the NYU Neuroscience Institute at New York University here in Manhattan. Welcome to the show.","Pleasure to be here.","How was your lab affected by this?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Hurricane Sandy flooded the east coast and a building and means that mice which was use for cancer study died which was a lab located in the building which was flooded.","questions":"Which medical disorders were being studied with the mice that died in the flooded lab?","answer":"a"}
{"text":["So for a couple years now, Topps has had an app - say it ain't so - for baseball card-collecting and trading cards. These are virtual cards, not the cardboard ones that come with a stick of gum. I mean, it's called a Bunt, and you've tried it out. Tell us what you think.","Oh, it does - I should point out the packs do come with a stick of gum. It's just a virtual stick of gum.","Don't try to chew that gum.","No, that's what I was (laughter) - the whole thing is basically just an exercise in using your imagination, if you're old enough that you need to imagine for this stuff. If you're 13 to 25, which is, like - 80 percent of the Bunt users are - then I don't imagine there's anything weird about a piece of virtual gum showing up on your phone, exploding and then turning into baseball cards.","Well, it's been around for a while. I mean, can Topps call Bunt a success?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"an exercise in using your imagination\" has a figurative meaning. It means that the app requires the user to use their imagination to enjoy the experience, rather than relying solely on the physical aspects of collecting and trading baseball cards.","questions":"How does the app Bunt require the user to enjoy the experience?","answer":"Imagination"}
{"text":["But with the war on women that we are experiencing all around us, the fear, and it's very real, is that when Roe falls, those enjoined provisions would rise like zombie laws and come into effect. So we really had to clean those out of our statutes and ensure that there's a firewall around Illinois that protects women's reproductive health here in Illinois.","The Reproductive Health Act says fertilized eggs, embryos and fetuses don't have independent rights. Now, opponents of abortion rights in Illinois and elsewhere, as you know, might look at this bill and say, where do you draw the line on when a fetus counts as a person, or do you?","Courts over the years have actually spoken directly to this. Without that provision, without that distinction, there is a risk that a fetus and a woman would be cast as adversaries from the very beginning of pregnancy. And so it's important that there be those protections so that a woman can carry out a pregnancy making her own independent health decisions, whether that is carrying a pregnancy to term or not. So that was one of the pieces that I think folks had trouble understanding.","When you say that this law is intended to create a firewall around the state, do you think that this is where things are headed - where certain states will allow access to abortions and other states simply won't?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : the war on women meaning that the government is trying to tell a woman what she can and cannot do with her body.","questions":"Which law is intended to create a \"firewall\" around Illinois?","answer":"Reproductive"}
{"text":["He apologized for the messages and essentially blamed the fact that he worked really long days and often used this group chat to - as he said, you know, relieve stress. That did not sit well with people, obviously. He ended up, like you said, having to ask most of his inner circle to step down. But that has not appeased anyone. The outcry and the demands for his resignation have only grown. Not only from his political opponents - also, essentially everyone within his own party here in Puerto Rico has abandoned him. And now there is talk within the legislature of beginning the process of removing him from office if he doesn't step down on his own.","And has he said that he is considering it?Or what is he saying about that possibility?","No, he's basically dug his feet in and has said he is not going to resign. He said he was, you know, elected governor by the people of Puerto Rico, feels like he has a lot of work to do and intends to continue doing it. A big question is obviously how because he has lost the confidence of everyone within his government, and no one really sees him having the capital needed to govern.","That is NPR's Adrian Florido joining us from San Juan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Dug his feet in implies that he will not change his mind about the issue","questions":"What does \"dug\" imply?","answer":"Refusal"}
{"text":["Let's turn now to the Bahamas and specifically the northern parts of the Bahamas, where reports are coming in of extensive, unprecedented damage. We have been trying to get through all day with no luck. Phone service is mostly out. The Red Cross is there on the ground, and I want to bring in Steve McAndrew of the Red Cross. He is monitoring the situation from Panama.","Mr.  McAndrew, welcome.","Thank you for having me.","Now, have you been able to get through to your teams in the Bahamas?What are you hearing?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The host is thanking the guest for coming.","questions":"What is the reason for Steve McAndrew's presence in the Red Cross?","answer":"Monitoring"}
{"text":["So they're looking for Joe to be effective as a rhetorician, as a guy who can sell a line, who can connect with an audience and also connect in a debate. He's an excellent debater.","Just as we told Farai Chideya, she's going to be very busy, you're going to be very busy as well this week. Thank you so much, Ron.","Thank you, Tony.","Ron Elving is NPR's senior Washington editor. He joined me from our special NPR studio in Denver, Colorado."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : sell a line implies being able to convince people and capture their interest towards something and not meaning to sell lines","questions":"Which skill is emphasized in turn 0?","answer":"Convincing"}
{"text":["In the late '70s and early '80s, the Mutiny Hotel in Miami was the place to be seen and to drop scads of cash. Everyone from Arnold Schwarzenegger to Led Zeppelin to Teddy Kennedy might be found at the Mutiny's exclusive, members-only nightclub. It was a palace of decadence and intrigue, and it quickly became a hub for Miami's exploding cocaine trade. Journalist Roben Farzad charts the rise and fall of the Mutiny in his new book \"Hotel Scarface. \"Roben, welcome to the program.","Thank you so much for having me.","And Miami is your hometown. Why don't you describe what had become of the Mutiny Hotel when you first saw it when you were a teenager in the early '90s?","I mean, I grew up with much of the rest of the world experiencing Miami Friday nights on \"Miami Vice. \"That was the it show of the mid-1980s, kind of a Hollywood MTV-ized representation of a lot of the ugliness and cosmopolitan splendor (laughter) that we had of Miami at the same time. But right before I left off for college up north in 1994, I had a job just downtown in Miami, and I was stationed in front of this abandoned building. And, really, for the first time in my life I feel like I was truly, truly haunted."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The abandoned building had a significant impact on the speaker's emotions and thoughts, making them feel haunted.","questions":"How did the abandoned building make the speaker feel?","answer":"Haunted"}
{"text":["Same for the rap charts and also pop. I mean, you said that this is a city that has an impact on black music. You know, Atlanta has made black music popular music. These are artists that are on the Hot 100, the biggest songs in the country. So, I am very hopeful.","Dee Dee, same thing.","Right. For me, you know, I look at the new emerging talents like Jazzpects and Hollywierd and Proton. You know, I see a whole new 'nother birth of musicians coming up, and again, just being on the live music scene last night, I was at the Smith's Olde Bar to see Anthony David and Jazzpects and Redlands and Proton and Yellow Wolf, which are all underground artists that are stemming away from the norm.","Jazzpects is fusing hip-hop and jazz. And Yellow Wolf, on the total opposite the spectrum, is a white rapper that is - he has a group called the Dixie Mafia that is a really, really - he is an excellent rapper, that is fusing a lot of the blue grass and country and, you know, middle-America stuff with hip-hop."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Atlanta has been influential in popularizing black music","questions":"What city?","answer":"Atlanta"}
{"text":["Well, it's very important when dealing with Iran understanding that they're not an ally of the United States. They are an adversary. They're - one, that they're a nation that is the world's largest state sponsor of terror. We often talk about the nuclear activity of Iran over the course last several years - but other activities where they've developed ICBMs in violation of international treaties and Security Council resolutions where they have worked to help the Houthis overthrow a foreign government in Yemen trying to build a land bridge across the Middle East to the West. They call Israel the little Satan and America the great Satan. And the list goes on.","So in dealing with Iran and understanding that they're an adversary, we also have to approach them knowing that they don't respect weakness. They only respect strength. And we're talking about the Iranian regime. . .","OK.",". . . Because Iran's filled with millions of very - you know, good people who want a free, stable, prosperous, democratic country for themselves. They've wanted it for a long time. So the administration's approach is with eyes wide open understanding this adversarial threat. And with regards to the leverage that brought the Iranians to the table in the first place, the problem with the JCPOA included - well, several things. One was sunset provisions, issues with the verification regime. So, you know, but I'd love to see which way you want to go from there because. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Israel the little Satan and America the great Satan implies that the two countries do acts that Iran greatly disapproves of. ","questions":"How does Iran view Israel and America?","answer":"Disapprove"}
{"text":["Ron, tomorrow, President Obama will sign the stimulus bill in Denver, and then it's on to Phoenix, and then, he'll round out the end of the week with a trip to Canada. Why so much travel?","I think he's learning from the last few weeks. When he stayed in D. C. , the economic stimulus package got stalled. When he got back on the road, got back on the stump, the energy in the atmosphere changed quickly. And being the campaign Barack. being in campaign mode, talking back to Washington from out in the country, that worked better than being the Washington Barack Obama talking to the country. He wants this symbolic energy to be flowing in that direction. He wants to be the voice of the people talking to the federal government, not the symbol of the federal government talking to the people.","NPR senior Washington editor Ron Elving. Thanks, Ron.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Obama wants to be seen as the voice of the people.","questions":"How does Obama want to be perceived?","answer":"voice"}
{"text":["You know, it's quite clear that it is a cherry-picked narrative. But reading it makes you wonder if that's an insult to cherries.","(Laughter) Which, after all, have many valuable antioxidants. Before it was released, a lot of Democrats said the result of releasing the memo would be catastrophic. Last night and today, many Democrats seem to be saying, is that all you got?Are you kidding?","Well, for some, it's more a dud than a slam dunk. But at the same time, of course, the Democrats want to release their own memo - their critique memo - their response or rebuttal. And that's going to be the big focus when we get back here on Monday.","Rod Rosenstein - long for his position in the Justice Department?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Before it was released, a lot of Democrats said the result of releasing the memo would be catastrophic.Last night and today, many Democrats seem to be saying, is that all you got?Are you kidding?\" Implicated meaning: The speaker is highlighting the difference between the Democrats' initial reaction to the release of the memo and their reaction after its release. They suggest that the Democrats' fears of catastrophic consequences were unfounded and that the memo did not contain anything significant or damaging.","questions":"Which party's reaction to the memo changed after its release?","answer":"Democrats"}
{"text":["You know, it can be a little dangerous at times. A lot of times you're setting your ladder in the ice and you're looking for a dry spot to put the ladder. And sometimes you use a van and you try to back the van up or at least get the tire up against the ladder so that you don't have any chance of that ladder skipping out on you. And, you know, in the elements, you get a little hasty sometimes 'cause you're in a hurry. And that's where, you know, you've still got to take your time. At its coldest is when you're at your busiest. I've been out 12, 13, 14-hour days before. You learn to dress for it.","How do you dress for a 14-hour day in let's say 25-degree temperatures?","Well, it can be tricky because there's times you're coming into a warm building, and you're way overdressed, and you begin to sweat. And if you start to sweat, it can be really bad when you go back out in the elements 'cause now you're really cold so you need to bring some dry socks. Usually, I'll wear some thermals. I'll wear multiple layers, and I'll take layers off, put layers back on.","What about this method for keeping your hands warm?(Blows on hands)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of (2) is asking for advice on what to wear in cold temperatures. The implied meaning is to show a genuine interest in understanding the best way to dress for such weather.","questions":"How does PersonB react to PersonA's advice on dressing for cold weather?","answer":"Interest"}
{"text":["Joel Rising has surely had this experience. Many frequent travelers have, a screaming baby on the airplane. But what's that baby doing there anyway?Is it safe for infants to fly?Doctor Sydney Spiesel is a pediatrician and a professor at Yale Medical School, as well as a contributor to slate. com. And when we spoke earlier, I asked him if a new study out on this topic had any answers.","What the study says is, if you have normal kids, yes, you know, when you're flying, the air pressure goes down in a plane. It's as if we were walking around the top of a mountain that's maybe 5,000 feet.","The amount of oxygen that's available for absorption is about three quarters because of the lower pressures. About three quarters of that - of the same amount as sea level. And young children we know don't do quite as well with lower oxygen levels as older. But, in fact, millions of kids fly, and they really fly quite well without problems.","And no problems for their ears?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the literal meaning of \"young children don't do quite as well with lower oxygen levels as older\" suggests that younger children may struggle with the lower oxygen levels on a plane more than older children. However, the actual meaning is that younger children may not tolerate lower oxygen levels as well as older children or adults, but millions of children do fly safely without problems.","questions":"Which group of people may not tolerate lower oxygen levels as well as older children or adults on a plane?","answer":"Younger"}
{"text":["Well, Freedom Caucus has 40 votes. There are more than 200 House Republicans. Shouldn't you compromise with them?","Well, sure, and we're more than happy to. The way this will end up is that we will end up with a speaker that all of us support. It may be Paul Ryan. It may be somebody else. But keep in mind that the things that we're arguing for are things that most people in the conference want. One of the things that struck me since we started this debate I guess about two weeks ago now are the number of moderates and centrists in my party who have said to me, you know what?","We want the same thing. We're frustrated with this lack of process. We're frustrated with just being a rubberstamp for somebody else's idea. And I think that's why you're seeing such a difficult time replacing Mr.  Boehner is that this lack of satisfaction with the job, the lack of satisfaction with what it means to be a member of Congress runs much, much deeper than just the conservative wing of the party.","So the way you explain it, this isn't over conservative principles. It's over mundane House rules."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the speaker says \"we're more than happy to compromise with them\" but in reality, there is no indication of compromise being made or even attempted. It is more of a rhetorical statement aimed at making the speaker appear reasonable.","questions":"Which statement is described as a rhetorical statement aimed at making the speaker appear reasonable?","answer":"Rhetorical"}
{"text":["Well, this is really interesting. They say they've found evidence that the Sacklers were trying to conceal their wealth in order to avoid paying an appropriate settlement. This is something we've heard even from sources who support the deal on the table, the idea that the Sacklers have worked strategically over the years to drain money out of Purdue Pharma and position those assets all over the world to make them harder to seize. In a statement, Letitia James accused the Sacklers of lowballing victims to skirt a responsible settlement while trying to shield their financial misconduct.","The Sacklers say James and other attorneys general are on a fishing expedition with these suits. They've countersued to squash the investigation. And they also say they're making a good-faith effort now to settle all these lawsuits.","Brian, you cover opioid litigation for NPR. More than 218,000 Americans have died from prescription opioid overdoses. What do you see as the likelihood of communities and families actually getting money or some kind of compensation?","Yeah. I think it's unlikely that it will happen anytime soon, Scott. The legal fight is happening on a lot of fronts right now, so that's going to slow things down. Ohio - just let me give you one example. They've already received tens of millions of dollars in compensation from other drug companies that sold opioid medications and settlements. But because of a legal fight there, none of that money can be spent helping people. It's just sitting in a bank account. And as the money amounts grow here, up into the billions now, the legal fight over who gets all of this cash will likely grow, too."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They say the attorneys general is looking for information and they want to put a stop to it.","questions":"What are the Sacklers accusing the attorneys general of?","answer":"Fishing"}
{"text":["Yes.","Have you photographed them?Or have they been clients of yours?","Not paying clients. Yes, I have shot them at a rally in Chicago.","OK.  Not - well, not paying in the sense that you would like to have them as clients or pursue them at one point, or you just are taking pictures of them, as everyone else is doing, when they're out in public?","No, I was part of the campaign. I was heavily involved in fundraising and (unintelligible) and have gone to battleground states, signing up voters. So, yeah, I was there, part of the group, and I shot them because this is something I wanted to do. I wasn't a paid photographer of staff, but yes. Would I like to shoot them as a paid person?Absolutely.","Yeah, I'm guessing the answer to that would be yes. Are you hopeful of that opportunity still?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The person took pictures of the other people at a rally in Chicago, they did not shoot them with a gun but with a camera.","questions":"How did the person shoot the other people at the rally?","answer":"Camera"}
{"text":["Well, I needed to write about this in the same way I needed to write about the St.  Paul's School experience. It changed my life. It turned it upside down. There was so much love inside. It's like a Scotch egg, you know, with love under this crust of confusion and rage and mistakes. And my only way to understand that is to write it.","How'd you come up with ladysitting (ph)?I love it.","That was the word we used in our house for staying with Nana. My grandmother would sometimes say, I guess you have to get somebody to babysit me. We'd say, no, no, Nana. We're going to get somebody to ladysit you. And it was sort of the way we could acknowledge - like, you had to acknowledge her vulnerability but not in a way that was hurtful or made her feel even more vulnerable.","Well, it's an elegant solution to that. That's kind of what the book is about - is how. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A life can not literally be turned upside down. The implied meaning is that the life is greatly disrupted.","questions":"What word describes the way PersonA's life was greatly disrupted?","answer":"Ladysit"}
{"text":["My father had, you know, good collections of music from Marvin Gaye, Philip Coutre(ph) to Bob Marley. He had it all. And he was a cameraman, and he used the music to do something special with the pictures. You know, while he's playing I would sneak around and just listen. So I think music started for me then.","Were you ever in a situation, Asa, where you were torn between - because you mention your dad had Motown and Marvin Gaye, torn between the American urban music and the more traditional music of Nigeria and in Africa.","That was in, you know. It was between American, the West, you know, influence and then the church music and the street music, traditional music from Nigeria.","Now, let me make sure I heard you clearly. Did you say that it was a sin or that's what was in?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asa might have been conflicted between embracing American urban music and traditional music from Nigeria","questions":"Which music genre from Nigeria was Asa torn between?","answer":"Traditional"}
{"text":["I'm great. So, you were hearing about Dr.  Maxwell and her approach to sex and sexuality in the discussion between parents and kids. How do you think that conversation changes when you're talking about teen to teen?","Well, I think it's much better teen to teen because most of the teenagers, they kind of don't listen to their parents or adults. They think they don't know what they're talking about. And when you hear it from your friend or peer, they kind of take it more seriously. They're like, oh, I didn't know that. You know, and they believe it more.","Give me an example of a conversation - well, first of all, tell us what it means to do peer education. What kind of, you know, a space are you in?How many people are you talking to?Just give us a visual for that.","Well, a teen advocate is basically a teenager's resource. We help teens who have questions or concerns regarding sex, sexuality, dating relationships, dating violence and so on. And I kind of speak to roughly about three to four teenagers a day, and I'm constantly giving advice. We reach out to teens in our classrooms, community centers, MySpace, Facebook. We do everything from performing skits to community outreach to talking one-on-one with the teens. And because we care so much and our only concern is keeping teens healthy and safe, we advocate. Once a year we go up to Albany and lobby to legislators to pass the Healthy Teens Act,which is a piece of legislation that provides resources for schools to - that give comprehensive sex education."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Teenagers are more likely to take advice from peers than adults","questions":"How do teenagers react to advice from their peers compared to adults?","answer":"More"}
{"text":["Are there specific goals you all are trying to achieve in terms of advancing one policy or another?","Yeah. So the overarching mission is really to support science for the public good. I think it's really important to say that when politicians attack science, it's not necessarily across the board. It's certain types of science. So if you look at climate change or public health, they're under attack from certain groups because, you know, they involve regulation or some businesses have an interest in them or there's some political thing to be gained for them. And so what we will be doing after the march is putting out a policy platform on all of these specific areas.","Is that a little like herding cats?I mean, I'm guessing the scientific community (laughter), like any other, is hardly monolithic in what it thinks is the way forward.","Well, this is what we have to do. Right?So if, at the end of the day, we get bogged down in research grants, we get bogged down in having to write the next paper - but we do science 'cause we care about improving society. And if that's what it takes for us to really, you know, bring all of these diverse voices into the room and figure out, you know, how we can be unified and how we can be a political force, that's where we're at at the moment. And we're going to push for that hard after the march."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The implication of this statement is that it will be difficult to reach a consensus among the scientific community due to their diverse opinions","questions":"What is the reason for the attack on climate change and public health by certain groups?","answer":"Politically"}
{"text":["So that, and unfortunately too many people in the community, too many of my friends who are worried about global warming, have already taken a position on fracking. The fact is that natural gas can be made clean. It's not hard. It's much easier to do clean fracking than it is, for example, to make cheap solar.","So I'm hoping that the environmentalists who have started to oppose fracking, I think prematurely, can be won over and recognize that this has to be part of a worldwide energy policy. Natural gas also helps the Chinese because their citizens are being choked by the soot and other emissions of their coal plants.","So expediting a shift, this should be U. S.  policy, that we will help the Chinese make the shift from coal to natural gas. China, India, the developing world, this is absolutely essential.","And what about a shift to renewables?","Well, that's wonderful, and that will ultimately take the place of natural gas, but take China for example. Last year, they installed what everybody says was a gigawatt of solar. In fact, it wasn't a gigawatt because that's the peak power. Average in night, and it's half a gigawatt. Average mornings and late afternoons, it's a quarter of a gigawatt."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Fracking is not as harmful as environmentalists believe.","questions":"How can natural gas be made clean?","answer":"clean"}
{"text":["Yeah, yeah, for sure. I definitely had it going last night.","And where do you hope to take it next?","Well, I think the rest of the season here, I'm going to be a marked man. I think I'm going to face a little bit more double-team. It's going to be. . .","I was going to ask you, are you going to get a double team on Sunday, yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is worried that he will face more difficulties in the upcoming games.","questions":"How is PersonA feeling about his performance in the upcoming games?","answer":"Marked"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So what originally did the Consumer Product Safety Commission say was wrong with this stroller?","They were concerned about the front wheel of the stroller. It's a three-wheeled stroller, and they were concerned with the wheel falling off suddenly. It's attached to the stroller with a quick release, the same thing that attaches the wheels on bicycles. And so parents would be out running, jogging with their strollers, their kid in the middle. And the wheel would spontaneously fall off.","So the agency spent months investigating. And in 2017, they decided that Britax should recall the stroller, that it wasn't safe. And they even sued to try and force the company to recall the stroller. Tell us why that didn't happen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"They were concerned about the front wheel of the stroller.\" is a statement that provides an explanation of the Consumer Product Safety Commission's concern regarding the stroller. Its meaning is clear and straightforward.","questions":"What was the focus of the Consumer Product Safety Commission's concern?","answer":"Wheel"}
{"text":["I don't know what you would do to keep them from doing it. If they can get in and steal stuff like this, how can they - how could you block the Internet down?I mean, I don't know.","Ronnie Hipshire is a retired coal miner from West Virginia.","Ronnie, thank you for talking with us about this.","Thank you. You have a blessed day."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Thank you.\" - While the words \"thank you\" are often used to express gratitude, in this context it could also be interpreted as a polite way to end the conversation.","questions":"Which phrase could be interpreted as a polite way to end the conversation?","answer":"Polite"}
{"text":["It's - conservative - that about eight to 10,000 people died. And that this, to this day, is still the greatest natural disaster to hit this country in terms of devastation, in terms of death toll. It's almost hard to fathom how incredible - the power of this storm and what it did. It literally wiped a city off the map.","And you point out that after this happened, the idea that, you know, that Galveston really had only itself to blame. I mean, this was a natural port, and it was built on a sandbar. It was in most places only about 8 feet above sea level. And to have built it there in the first place would be crazy, and they rebuilt it anyway.","It really was a feat of engineering and of sheer willpower that they constructed a seawall - a 17-foot seawall that ran about three miles. But that wasn't enough. They realized that to protect downtown, they were going to have to raise it. So they literally raised about 500 buildings anywhere from 8 to 18 inches so that it was less susceptible to flooding.","As a weatherman, do you think that you can say now that what happened to Galveston is impossible, that it won't happen again?I don't mean that the storms won't happen again. I mean, Hurricane Katrina was a hideous storm that killed a lot of people, and the property loss was terrible. But do you think that the lessons of storms like that, but especially of Galveston, mean that the loss of life and property on that scale really isn't likely to happen again?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"And to have built it there in the first place would be crazy, and they rebuilt it anyway.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that building a city in a vulnerable location is illogical, yet they rebuilt it regardless. The actual meaning is that the city was rebuilt despite the knowledge of its vulnerability.","questions":"What was the reason behind rebuilding Galveston despite its vulnerability?","answer":"Rebuilding"}
{"text":["It was. So Apple's lawyers were incredibly practiced and very eloquent. They told a very compelling story for their case, and they told it in terms that were very easy for the jurors to understand. They had lots of well-done slides and pictures illustrating their points, and when they finished speaking, you were convinced that they were in the right.","Samsung, on the other hand, they were - they came across as being defensive a lot of the time and kind of brash sometimes. And their case was also a lot more complicated and involved much more technical terms, and so I think that might have been much harder for jurors to understand.","And so what - what exactly did the jury find?They sort of had a mixed bag of things.","Right, so they found patent infringement for a whole host of Apple's intellectual property in the case. They found 28 cases of infringement for some of the smartphones involved. They upheld Apple's patents on iPhone and iPad design, and now Apple is seeking injunction against eight of those 28 smartphones that were found to be violating Apple's intellectual property."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Apple is seeking injunction against the 8 violating smartphones","questions":"How many smartphones is Apple seeking injunction against?","answer":"Eight"}
{"text":["I agree. I was shocked - really shocked - when I found them. And then many things happened to me with Chopin through my life.","Such as?","Well (laughter), you're not going to believe this if you don't believe in the unknown normal. But I had a death mask of Chopin given to me. Some friends came over, and they said, what's that?I said, it's death mask of Chopin. That's what they used to do in those days. When someone died, they'd get someone to put wax on his face and make this death mask as a memorial. I took it off - down. I said, please be careful with it because it's, you know, very unique. There are only two or three in the world. My wife was there. My son was there - he was about 17 - and these two friends. And, suddenly, a fluid started coming out of one of the eyes. And I put my hand into this fluid, and it was salty. So I guess there was no question in my mind these were tears. What I felt was that Chopin was happy that he could communicate somehow with the current world.","You know, I learned one thing. People who are negative about these kinds of unknown normal things - they will never change. They'll always find another way that it could've happened or try to find another way that it could've happened. But I just give up try to convince them because they won't ever be convinced. The ones who are skeptics - once they hear about it, they say, oh, actually, it's real."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"shocked - really shocked\" is a figurative way of expressing the speaker's strong emotional reaction.","questions":"Which word expresses the PersonA's strong emotional reaction?","answer":"Shocked"}
{"text":["Well, it has been a conversation where I think the most important point in the conversation is to get the average Californian to understand that this fiscal crisis is different. And so interacting with people number one, to inform them about the crisis, to talk to them about the impact of cutting education and cutting healthcare, what that means to their daily lives. For example, 800,000 children might have to go without health insurance. Thirty thousand teachers might be laid off unless we are able to close the gap in a way where we bring money to the table, we don't just try to close the gap through cutting programs. Then that's, you know, most important.","What about race relations?And I don't just mean, you know, do we all get along?I mean. . .","We don't.","I mean the long term ability of California to synthesize its role as the biggest diverse state in America and set a path that is hopeful for other parts of the country."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Race relations are a critical issue in California","questions":"Which issue did PersonB mention that they did not just mean getting along?","answer":"Race."}
{"text":["Right.","But a lot has happened. How are you feeling about President Trump's stand on immigration now?","Well, look. I said that my position is nuanced. I believe immigration is good for the country. There are aspects of President Trump's immigration proposals that I agree with. I do believe in fencing. It does work. It has shown that it works to disrupt illegal entry.","You mean the wall, the proposed wall."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Well, look. I said that my position is nuanced. I believe immigration is good for the country. There are aspects of President Trump's immigration proposals that I agree with. I do believe in fencing. It does work. It has shown that it works to disrupt illegal entry.  In this turn, the actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not just saying \"yes\" or agreeing with the previous speaker's statement. Instead, they are expressing a more nuanced view on the topic of immigration and specifically on President Trump's stand on immigration. They go on to explain that they believe immigration is good for the country and that there are some aspects of President Trump's proposals that they agree with, but they also have their own opinions and preferences, such as believing in fencing to disrupt illegal entry.","questions":"What does the speaker believe works to disrupt illegal entry?","answer":"Fencing"}
{"text":["Journalist Sam Dagher spent years in Syria reporting on war. He also reported on the lives of ordinary Syrians caught in the middle of the fighting. His new book is called \"Assad Or We Burn The Country. \"It tells the story of Hafez al-Assad and his son Bashar and their rule in Syria. The story is told in large part through the Assad family's friendship with another Syrian family, the Tlass family. The Tlasses had helped the father and son keep their grip on power for decades.","I talked to Sam Dagher, and I first asked him about the book's title.","I saw this slogan on the walls of destroyed and deserted towns and neighborhoods. The Assad regime besieged a lot of these towns and neighborhoods in Damascus and elsewhere around the country that had risen up against the regime. The regime forces would go in and do what the regime calls the cleansing of this area. So they would sometimes execute whoever they find in these places, loot all the homes down to the tiles and the copper wire in the wall and burn these homes. And after they're done, they would spray this graffiti on the walls, Assad or we burn the country.","Sam, in this book, you're telling the story of the Assad family, but you're also telling the story of another Syrian family. Tell me about this lost family and their relationship with the Assads."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The slogan on walls reveals the regime's brutality towards its opponents","questions":"How did the regime express its brutality towards its opponents?","answer":"Execution"}
{"text":["It's not unusual for a new president to shed some of the staff that comes in with him in the first year. You know, people from the campaign, for example, who don't fit in in the new environment. But this is the earliest we've ever seen a chief of staff go. And this many departees at this high level, it's hard to think of an analog in the first six months of any other administration.","OK.  A really big legislative story this week with the Senate failing to repeal the Affordable Care Act. Is that effort dead as in really, really, really dead?","It is dead for the moment. You know, the president has been tweeting in the last 24 hours about killing the filibuster rule because it's too hard to get to 60 votes. You know, on this bill, all they needed was 50 votes and they could not get to 50 votes. And the real problem here is not process. It's the problem. They don't have consensus on health care. So it looks dead in the Senate, at least for the moment, but it could be revived in the longer run.","And just quickly, we could have started our conversation with North Korea or Russia. The world is out there, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  implies that the questioner is asking if the effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act is completely over, while (4) implies that the questioner is suggesting that there are more important issues that the conversation could have started with than North Korea or Russia.","questions":"Which story did PersonB focus on after the discussion of the Affordable Care Act?","answer":"Russia"}
{"text":["Short word - yes. That is exactly what happened. And that includes in regular order a lot of backroom negotiation. And there is no guarantee of success for all of that, but at least if people know that they are back to what they need to do and know how to do best, sure, we could be right back here in three weeks with the difference being this far smaller chance of a shutdown. Now, they really ought to be able to do what they do best in that period of time, but if not, the president will be back in the same poker game with a far weaker hand than the one he just folded this week.","Roger Stone, one of the president's closest friends, a longtime adviser, of course was arrested yesterday, charged with lying to Congress, witness tampering, among other things. What does this tell us about the Mueller investigation?","It tells us that investigation is as robust as ever and moving forward. The former CIA chief, John Brennan, said yesterday he expects many more indictments in the weeks ahead, including some people who are household names. Now, the Mueller team is closely following the performance of some other actors like Paul Manafort, an old business partner of Roger Stone's. They say he has not followed through with the factual and truthful testimony he promised when he pled guilty on several counts last year. So that's another space to be watching.","Report from NBC this week - Jared Kushner got his security clearance only after administration officials overruled career security specialists. What do you make of this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : backroom negotiation means that the negotiation was done in secret.","questions":"How was the negotiation done?","answer":"Secret"}
{"text":["All right, Jeff, thanks a lot.","Thank you.","Geoffrey Bennett is the Web producer for NEWS & NOTES, and he joined me in our studios at NPR West.","Where were you a quarter-century ago when Michael Jackson's \"Thriller\" album switched up the pop-music game?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B's question \"Where were you a quarter-century ago when Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' album switched up the pop-music game?\" implies that the listener was alive and old enough to remember the release of \"Thriller\" 25 years ago, even though the listener's age or existence 25 years ago is not relevant to the question. The actual meaning is simply a rhetorical way of highlighting the significance of the album's impact on pop music.","questions":"Which album switched up the pop-music game 25 years ago?","answer":"Thriller"}
{"text":["Mountain guerilla killings in Central Africa have reached an all-time high.","Current fighting among the Congolese military and rebels has caused park rangers and other locals to flee the area, ultimately leaving one of the world's most endangered animals seemingly unprotected. These killings reached deep into the economy, the local community and the environment.","For more, we are joined now by Craig Sholley. He is a senior director at the African Wildlife Foundation and former director of Rwanda's Mountain Gorilla Project. Craig, nice to have you on the show.","Very nice to be here, Tony. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"Craig, nice to have you on the show.\" The implied meaning is a standard polite greeting used when welcoming a guest onto a show.","questions":"Which phrase is used by Tony to welcome Craig onto the show?","answer":"Nice"}
{"text":["Well, they do. But what people don't always realize about the Affordable Care Act is it's not just a discrete program in and of itself. It changed other government programs, too, and that includes Medicare.","What was the biggest change for Medicare?","Well, the one that's gotten the most attention is the change to prescription drug coverage. You may have heard about something called the doughnut hole. That's where Medicare would get you a discount on prescriptions but only up to a point. After that, you had to pay full price for drugs until you shelled out around 1,300 bucks. Then Medicaid would help you out again.","Now, some people never really reached that point because when they had to pay full price, they just started skipping some of their prescription meds. So the Affordable Care Act has been phasing out this gap. It saved people on Medicare more than $23 billion. But this program could go away with the repeal of the law.","That could go away, and we should say, once again, that we don't know yet what any replacement will look like. What have you heard among the ideas being proposed that might affect older Americans?","Well, a few members of Congress, Republicans, have circulated their own proposals for replacing the Affordable Care Act. And one thing that comes up in some of them, including in House Speaker Paul Ryan's plan, is a major change to Medicaid. Now, that's known as the program that provides health care for the poor. But it's also the program that pays for long-term care for a lot of older people. In fact, Medicaid pays the bills for most nursing home residents."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"That's where Medicare would get you a discount on prescriptions but only up to a point. After that, you had to pay full price for drugs until you shelled out around 1,300 bucks.\" The phrase \"shelled out\" is used metaphorically here to mean \"paying money,\" indicating a non-literal meaning.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue indicates that Medicare would only provide a discount on prescription drugs up to a certain point?","answer":"Discount"}
{"text":["Oh, thanks. We're professional seguers here at NPR.","You took my breath away there.","Well, speaking of age, though, you're - you play a geezer in this picture.","Yeah, but I'm the youngest in the cast.","Really, I'm the baby."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A statement implies that they were caught off guard or surprised by the previous speaker's comment.","questions":"Which emotion did PersonA express in turn 1?","answer":"Surprised"}
{"text":["Unfortunately, under the rule, no.","Robert Strassburger, vice president for vehicle safety at the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers.","The sound to be emitted really has to be instantly recognizable as a motor vehicle in operation.","Mr.  Strassburger worked with the National Federation of the Blind to develop the rules. At first, he says, he told them, but we've worked for 30 years to make cars quiet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A's response implies that the rule does not allow for the requested action.","questions":"Which action is not allowed under the rule?","answer":"Action"}
{"text":["And then the women also said they wanted their jacket to look like that. They wanted to wear a male tie, which is unusual. Usually women wear, like, kind of a little crosshatch-looking tie. But they wanted to wear a long, male tie. And they wanted a pencil skirt.","Were the women and the men in the military polled about this?","Yeah. From different ranks, they had people come in and look at the uniforms or hats, you know, sent the prototypes to them and said, what do you like?Is this comfortable?And what would you like to see?","So they get some sartorial input."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The women wanted to wear a male tie and pencil skirt, which is unusual for women's clothing.","questions":"Which clothing items did the women want to wear that is unusual for women?","answer":"tie"}
{"text":["Committee will come to order.","Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff was the one swinging that gavel and overseeing the hearing with Acting Director of National Intelligence Joseph Maguire. Chairman Schiff, welcome back to the program.","Thank you. Great to be with you.","Let me first ask you about one big revelation in the whistleblower complaint, which is that after President Trump asked Ukraine's president to look into the Biden family, the White House locked down all records of the call, putting them into a separate electronic system to handle especially sensitive classified information. Have you ever heard of a White House doing something like that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The gavel was not swung but Adam Schiff had authority over the meeting.","questions":"What did Adam Schiff do during the hearing?","answer":"Oversee"}
{"text":["He was all those things. I. . .","Did his brother's death, in a sense, liberate him to seek a new identity, to travel, to get to know and reflect the world?","I think that shook him deep to his soul. But I think the other thing that happened was his father's stroke. He had to get his father off his back. Joe Kennedy Sr.  was a formidable but, I think, menacing figure in his life who took a sweet, young seventh born who he had called a runt and encouraged him to become tough and ruthless - first a jock at Harvard, getting his letter with a broken leg, and then becoming this enforcer for his brother.","That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid. As a kid, he was - he hung around all the time with African-American kids. Those were his playmates, even in Hyannis. He was - he, you know, Father Feeney - when Father Feeney said no salvation outside the Catholic Church, he railed against that, which was so extraordinary in that very Catholic family."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : I think that shook him deep to his soul. But I think the other thing that happened was his father's stroke. He had to get his father off his back.  The literal meaning would suggest that the person was deeply affected by something that shook them to their core and that their father had a stroke. However, the implied meaning suggests that the significant event had a profound emotional impact on the person, causing them to reassess their relationship with their father and seek some kind of liberation from his influence or control.","questions":"How did Bobby Kennedy feel after his father's stroke?","answer":"Shook"}
{"text":["Well, he's got two possibilities here. These tariffs go up on Friday. Both the U. S.  and the Chinese economy would feel the pain. Markets would respond. And here in China, the timing is not great. China's growth is slowing. The government has stepped in with stimulus to try and cushion the blow. And higher tariffs would put more pressure on China's financial system. That said, the notion of Xi Jinping standing up to an American president plays into this carefully crafted aura of him inside of China as this strongman leader who's willing to fight back against China's biggest global rival. So it could play in his favor.","Now, one thing that has not been on the table during these trade talks is China's interment of millions of Chinese Muslims - Uighurs - something that has concerned human rights groups here in the U. S.  Do you think that there's any chance that this human rights concern will be addressed during these trade talks?","Well, it certainly doesn't seem like it. The State Department has ratcheted up its criticism of China on this issue, but the Commerce Department and the U. S.  trade representative who are handling the trade negotiations don't seem receptive to having this issue be a part of the talks. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo did seem to separate the two issues in an interview on \"Face The Nation\" on Sunday, saying the administration has to do more than one thing at a time.","And you were just in Xinjiang last week, right?Tell us what you saw there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Xi Jinping wants to appear as a strong leader who fights against China's biggest rival","questions":"How does Xi Jinping want to be perceived in relation to China's biggest rival?","answer":"Strong"}
{"text":["Well, I've read that you just - you know, you loved tinkering with cars from the time you were a teenager.","Yeah, ever since my dad can remember. He said I must've been about 4 or 5 years old, and there was somebody in the neighborhood working on the car. I was usually standing on the bumper, under the hood and pointing at things and wondering what things were and sometimes even giving my own opinion of what I thought was going on.","So from your teens into your 40s, you become an increasingly successful auto repair entrepreneur and businessman. What makes you, in your 40s, wind up in medical school?","I really wanted to grow the business or - I didn't really know exactly which direction I wanted to go into, but I felt like I needed some foundational training in business if I were to do this correctly. So I ended up checking out some local colleges to see who had a degree program and came across Ursuline College in Pepper Pike."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person loved working on cars from the time they were a teenager.","questions":"What was the hobby of the person since their teenage years?","answer":"Tinkering."}
{"text":["The military also can benefit tremendously from this because if trade were to open with India - the military is a major producer of cement. They own a lot of state-owned enterprises, which they run for the benefit of ex-servicemen for the veterans. And they would be a major exporter of cement to India. Moreover, if there was transit trade between India through Pakistan and Afghanistan to Central Asia, the military is the largest transporter in the country.","So there are opportunities that need to be spelled out. But more important, I think, this is an opportunity for the Pakistani prime minister to have a national debate about this issue so that he can bring everybody on board.","What has the change been in the past few weeks, even, that gives you some optimism?","Well, it's not just the past few weeks. I think this is a change that has been occurring in the last decade or so. It's not perfect, and both leaders in India, and Pakistan will face enormous opposition from entrenched interests, apart from having a sclerotic bureaucracy that won't want to give up power and controls and business interests that may have helped them win their elections that want to retain their preferred access to state resources. It's not going to be easy, but I see strong possibility and I see a convergence of the need for economic development and growth, which will benefit people in general."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be indirectly suggesting that they have insider knowledge or expertise on a particular topic, and that their opinion or perspective should be given special consideration.","questions":"How might the speaker be perceived based on their turn in the dialogue?","answer":"Knowledge"}
{"text":["And no birthdays, no Christmas, no nothing. And at age 15, I couldn't take it anymore, so I moved in with my real father, but I didn't know he was a pimp. And the transition from living in essentially a middle-class, suburban area, because he sold BMWs and Porsche automobiles, he did very well. Moving from that middle-class area and the. . .","And the picket fences, all the way to the other end of East 14th, where it was like. . .","Cars sliding by, was a huge transition. Going from one spectrum to another. And I was essentially a nerd coming out of knocking on doors and moving into where my brothers and everybody was like, David, we're about to have another party. And like, oh, really?How do I fit in here, you know?","Right, right."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A moved from a middle-class area to a poorer area with a stark contrast in living conditions.","questions":"What was the major transition PersonA faced when he moved to live with his real father?","answer":"Living-conditions"}
{"text":["And yeah. Like I said, the video can be used for good. And that's why I think the premise of body camera footage is good. But where problems emerge is when government officials and police officials push back against making that footage public because that's the whole reason. The reason is to bring transparency to police interactions. And if government officials push against that, it goes against the entire premise.","One of the very interesting points that you make in your book is that the federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades. I mean, you highlight a report that was commissioned by President Johnson, President Lyndon Johnson in 1967 in response to the Watts riots. And you said that it proposes really not so much an emphasis on technology but an emphasis on relationships, on communication and teaching police officers how to communicate better with the public, how to - it's more of like a - I don't know what word to use. Would you say humanistic approach?And. . .","Absolutely. That's a great word for it.","And that you say that there's - these kinds of - these techniques have never really been implemented because they were deemed to be too expensive. But you also point out that technology is expensive. The police departments spend a huge amount on these technologies that you say don't work. So what - my question to you is, why do you think these techniques have not gotten more traction?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The premise of body camera footage is good, but government officials and police officials push against making it public, which goes against the transparency of police interactions.","questions":"What goes against the transparency of police interactions?","answer":"Government"}
{"text":["It sounds like he would have a great personal incentive to keep good relations with Russia.","Well, he's a very outspoken and always been. I mean, he was the oligarch who funded the Orange Revolution. Which is, you know, basically the Ukrainians - the Orange Revolution - they realized that they are not Russians, and they are Ukrainians. So he's - among the oligarchs, he's the most pro-Western oriented. At the same time, you know, also among the oligarchs, he has the biggest holding in Russia. So that's - that's going to be an interesting - an important dimension, I believe Because he could be the man who can make an agreement or strike a deal both between the European Union and Russia. Now, how he's going to do that is a different question, and I think it's not going to be that easy.","Have you had the chocolate?","Oh, the chocolate is good actually, decent quality, which, you know, when - when we're speaking about quality that's, you know, European standard, if you like.","Does he have good relations with President Putin?Do we know anything about that?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : 5: The speaker is implying that they do not know anything about the oligarch's relationship with President Putin.","questions":"What is the PersonA's knowledge of the oligarch's relationship with President Putin?","answer":"Nothing"}
{"text":["As we started reporting on this, I mean, everyone in higher education seemed to say, like, yeah, it's a problem - we all knew that it was a problem for so long, and nothing has really changed the system, changed the culture. Could this be the moment?Or is there a feeling in the field of education that, I mean, it's just so entrenched that it's going to be very hard to change the system?","Well, I have seen a lot of conversations about kind of how do we get low-income students to kind of get into college?It's certainly renewed a conversation around legacy admissions, which is the system that gives extra points to students whose parents or siblings already attended a specific school. And there's also a renewed interest in schools that don't require the college entrance exams like the ACT or the SAT, though the College Board, the company behind the SAT, says using an outside assessment actually makes it harder to pull off fraud.","But even this idea of college as nonprofit status, like, should they have this if they're not really an open-access organization or serving the greater public?So these are kind of the things that I'm keeping an eye on, and we'll see what happens.","All right. Quite a story to follow. NPR education reporter Elissa Nadworny. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Legacy admissions and college entrance exams are unfair to low-income students.","questions":"What is the system that gives extra points to students whose parents or siblings already attended a specific school?","answer":"Legacy-admissions"}
{"text":["Yes. The ground has been too wet. Every time we turn around, it seems like we keep getting a rain shower that we don't need. But normally in the planting season, we have a four, five or six-day window of dry weather where we can go out and plant. And then it might rain. And then we'll have another four or five, six-day window. This year, we've only been able to plant on five different days now total.","So how much of your normal crop have you been able to get into the ground?","We're small compared to some of the other growers throughout the state here in Illinois. But we normally have everything in the ground. As of Monday, we only had about 25% or so in the ground tops, actually a little bit less than that.","So what are you going to do?As you said, like, normally, you've had your corn in. And then I guess you'd move onto your beans. What are you going to do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite being in the planting season, rain has prevented planting on most days this year.","questions":"What has prevented planting on most days this year?","answer":"Rain"}
{"text":["Well, you know, I'll tell you, there is a recent study showing that when you do learning at night, you retain it better, and this may be why the bedtime story has survived the centuries and been such a beloved institution.","We actually are doing research ourselves. We did a small study last summer with Boys & Girls Clubs in New Jersey where the kids got a fun math problem every day, and we tested them before and after the six weeks. And while most kids slide two or three months in skills over the summer, we found that 72 percent of these kids actually did better. . .","Wow.",". . . at the end of the summer. So we're now doing a study with the University of Chicago for the next five years to see if we can pin down what's happening."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They want to find out what is happening not take a pin to it.","questions":"Which word describes their approach to finding out what's happening in their study?","answer":"approach"}
{"text":["This week, Ira, it's out there. This one's loopy. That's a joke, and you're going to find out why.","It's literally loopy.","It's literally loopy.","You're not - you were looking at me saying loopy. So. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : loopy in this context means crazy or weird","questions":"How was the week's challenge described?","answer":"Loopy"}
{"text":["One of the reporters who's been digging into this story is Dustin Volz of The Wall Street Journal, who joins us in our studio. Thanks so much for coming in.","Good to be here. Thank you.","And let's begin with what you've learned about - I guess it was the president's phone call in July to Ukraine's new president, Zelensky.","That's correct. So we reported yesterday on Friday that President Trump had a phone call in July, sort of a congratulatory call in many ways. But during that, he told the new president of Ukraine - we're told about eight times - to look into the Biden family amid sort of ongoing allegations, unfounded, that there are some sort of corruption concerns there with the 2020 candidate Joe Biden and his son Hunter, who served as a board - on the board of a Ukrainian gas company."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It does not seem clear on whether Trump made the phone call or received it ","questions":"How was the phone call between Trump and Zelensky described?","answer":"Congratulatory"}
{"text":["Well, I was abused by a priest when I was a child. And it caused me a great deal of difficulty with my life afterwards. I had a lot of problems with anxiety and depression.","How old were you when it happened?","I had just turned 13. I was in a children's hospital. And the priest who assaulted me was the Catholic chaplain of the hospital. And he also took indecent photographs, which had a lasting effect on me.","You were one of two sexual abuse survivors on the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors. Yet you resigned March 1. Can you tell us why?","I did because I accepted the appointment to the commission in the hope that the church was really beginning to show, you know, a sincere wish to change. And after three years, I resigned on some specific issues. But, basically, it was the resistance from some quarters in the Vatican to actually change.","Does it surprise you that someone as high up as Cardinal Pell has been accused?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"indecent photographs\" - This phrase refers to sexually explicit photographs, rather than simply inappropriate or offensive photographs.","questions":"What kind of photographs were taken?","answer":"explicit"}
{"text":["Hi Farai. Great to be with you.","Always. So we've been following this situation in Zimbabwe and the situation includes a tainted election and economic collapse. Now the U. S.  has imposed new sanctions, accusing President Robert Mugabe of heading an illegitimate government that sponsors violence. Last week, the president - President Bush - signed an executive order that adds new financial restrictions against individuals and organizations linked to Mugabe's government. So South Africa criticized those new sanctions, saying they could actually obstruct these power sharing talks. What do you think?","Well I think the international community has to use everything in its tool kit to kind of acknowledge what has happened in Zimbabwe and to put pressure for change. I mean, what has happened is just unacceptable. You have had not only the flawed elections of March 29th, but again failed electoral process in June and you know, right now there is this critical period of negotiations, political negotiations that need real pressure and real support. So I think it is important that the international community does everything that it can to say that it is time for a change in Zimbabwe.","Clearly South Africa has had a lot at stake. The quiet diplomacy that we talk about with Mbeki. The quiet diplomacy has, well, brought some results, but not the results needed. And I think the African Union, the Southern African Development Community all have said that more is needed to bring really a chance for peace and also for justice in Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The international community should put pressure on Zimbabwe for a change.","questions":"Which country criticized the new sanctions imposed by the U.S. in the dialogue?","answer":"South"}
{"text":["Yeah, well, when I was a young, little Muppet baby version of myself, you know, I mean - I guess people were right in that I was kind of a punk kid. I was anti-everything. I was anti-capitalist, first of all. I just don't have a lot of respect for profit motive. So as an artist, you know, I had a hard time. You know, when I was living hand to mouth, you know, my first manager - as a teenager, you know - tell people you have tapes for sale. Like, no, no.","(Laughter) You didn't even want to do that.","I just feel like a jerk. I didn't want to. I couldn't do it. I couldn't do it.","What I loved about the book was that I didn't come away with an impression that you suffered from self-doubt. You kind of always knew that it just didn't matter how hard it was, you were just - this was your thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"it just didn't matter how hard it was, you were just - this was your thing\" - This is a figurative expression meaning that the speaker was committed to their artistic pursuits despite the challenges they faced.","questions":"How would you describe the PersonA's attitude towards their artistic pursuits?","answer":"Committed"}
{"text":["Let me move on to another issue. I was covering both the Democratic and Republican Conventions, and one of the biggest applause lines during the Republican Conventions had to do with drilling for oil. Drill now, drill now, drill now. There is a serious set of distinctions between Senator Obama's policy towards energy and the McCain campaigns policy towards energy. Very briefly, very briefly, describe them to me, as they would affect consumers.","OK, I would say three distinct differences. One, the emphasis of McCain has been on drilling. The facts show that he U. S.  consumes 25 percent of the world's oil and has 3 percent of the reserves. So it's obvious that we cannot drill our way out of that problem.","Obama's focus has been on what can we do in the immediate run, and in the long run, to wean our dependence on oil. And that means investing in an extensive program to convert the economy with green jobs and research, deployment, development of alternative energy. And it also means efficiencies, conservation, raising fuel standards and things to reduce our demand.","So emphasizing the whole portfolio of energies and reducing our demand, but we know that ultimately we've got to move to a different source of energy, and that's the only way to do it. And that is a very big difference between the two candidates."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Moving to a different source of energy is necessary and a major difference between the two candidates","questions":"Which issue sets the two candidates apart?","answer":"Energy"}
{"text":["Well, we had some great conversations about what it took to play the position. And you know, Bob Watson, who started out as a catcher, was one of the committee members. Phil Niekro, Bert Blyleven and Don Sutton, Pat Gillick, all pitchers, all Hall Famers, were really able to add a lot of insight to what it must have been like.","And the other - one of the main things we talked about was just how they played much shorter schedules in the 1870s. So when you look at career statistics, that's a huge distortion. Deacon White ended up with 2,000 career hits, but he was playing in a - in an average of 40, 50, 60-game schedules a year. So there was no way to generate the kind of career milestones that we look at as benchmarks today. You know, 3,000 hits would be all but impossible. And 2,000 was a terrific accomplishment.","And the number of errors he recorded even as a great defensive catcher would have been, you know, totally unacceptable by today's standards.","Oh, exactly. Yeah. And again, an issue where we had to really sort of look at what - compare him to people from his own era. And when we did that, you know, it became really obvious just how much he stood above his contemporaries.","Are the records from those days good enough that you have reliable accounts of who was good and who was great?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Shorter schedules in the past distorted career milestones and accomplishments.","questions":"Which accomplishment was considered a terrific one in the past due to shorter schedules?","answer":"2,000"}
{"text":["Do you think what we've seen over the past couple of weeks represents some kind of tipping point in the way people think about guns?","Probably not, unfortunately. I mean, after - Sandy Hook was about the worst thing that could ever possibly happen. And it didn't substantially change the tone of this debate. What is different is when you mix an ISIS story, which is what we have now, with a gun-control story. Maybe that's what's going to change things.","The idea that people who may not have been able to get on an airplane were able to acquire guns.","Right, right, right. We have zero tolerance for Islamic - Islamic State terrorism. We seem to have a certain level of tolerance for a certain number of school shootings a year. So - I'm sorry to say it, but it's true. And so maybe that's what tips this debate. But I don't see any one incident tipping the debate in the way you're suggesting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : And so maybe that's what tips this debate. But I don't see any one incident tipping the debate in the way you're suggesting.\" In this turn, the speaker suggests that the combination of factors or events, rather than a single incident, might be what leads to a significant shift in the ongoing debate about guns. The literal meaning is that a single incident alone is unlikely to lead to the suggested change in the debate.","questions":"How does the speaker suggest change in the debate about guns might occur?","answer":"Combination"}
{"text":["So, 3,000 people, more than that, are on death row. Forty-two people were executed in 2007, half of them were African-Americans. What has been the breakdown racially and in terms of other demographics of people who actually, you know, go on death row or are executed?","Well, the numbers of African-Americans on death row is about 42 percent, compared to their numbers in the population at about 12 percent. So, there's a disproportionate number of African-Americans on death row. The numbers executed is a little less, about 34 percent, but still disproportionate.","However, the biggest factor in race in the death penalty is that it depends whom you kill in the murder that got you on death row. If you kill a white person, then you really have a death penalty case that's four or five times more likely that a person, white or black, will get the death penalty if they killed a white person than if they killed a black person, which is sort of putting a value on the victims' lives by color.","So basically, all crimes are not equal. That's what you're saying."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : black per person implies African American person  and not a black color human being ","questions":"Which factor plays the biggest role in race in the death penalty according to A?","answer":"Victim's"}
{"text":["Another major story that might have been overlooked in a busy week - North Korea said this week it won't denuclearize until U. S.  withdraws forces from South Korea and Japan. Do you have. . .","That has. . .","Yes, go ahead.","I'm sorry. I was just going to say that has been North Korea's position forever. Their view of denuclearization is that they give up their nuclear weapons when the United States gives up its nuclear weapons. We haven't had nuclear weapons stationed in South Korea since 1992. That's not what the North Koreans are talking about. And if the president had actually had listened to North Korean experts, proliferation experts, he would have understood that when the North Koreans were agreeing to complete denuclearization, that meant the U. S.  denuclearizing, too."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The North Korean definition of denuclearization is different from the US definition.","questions":"Which country's view of denuclearization is different from the US definition?","answer":"North-Korea"}
{"text":["Well, tomorrow, it's going to be a lot of pomp and circumstance. There'll be a wreath-laying at Westminster Abbey. There'll be a state dinner in the evening with the Queen at Buckingham Palace tomorrow, a meeting with Prime Minister May. Of course, she's a lame duck, so we're not expecting a lot there on the policy front. The big thing tomorrow is going to be street protests.","And what are we expecting there?","Huge numbers. There are going to be buses coming in from around England. The streets are going to be jammed. Londoners, of course, very progressive - this is a cosmopolitan city. And they tend to really dislike this president. His anti-immigration policies, his things that he said about women - it just really rubs Londoners the wrong way.","We'll be seeing a lot of things that - a lot of signs, clever signs, which is what British protesters are known for. And we'll also see Tuesday morning the Trump baby blimp make a reappearance. This is the blimp of Trump in a diaper and crying and looking - he's in the form of a baby. Very popular, and I'm sure we'll see lots of people out there when that goes aloft in Parliament Square."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Londoners dislike the president's policies and comments about women.","questions":"What specifically rubs Londoners the wrong way about the president?","answer":"Anti-immigration"}
{"text":["Californians who are terminally ill can now receive a prescription from their doctor for drugs that will end their life. The End Of Life Option Act passed last year went into effect this week. It allows people that two doctors have said have six months or less to live to receive drugs to end their lives as long as they're found to be mentally competent. The person receiving the drug must give it to themselves.","Lonny Shavelson is a physician and author who's been teaching doctors around the state. He's also started a practice devoted to people who want assistance to end their lives. Dr.  Shavelson joins us now from Berkeley. Thanks very much for being with us.","It's my pleasure. Thanks for having me.","What - and what kind of questions are doctors bringing to you?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) implies that Dr. Shavelson is happy to be invited and is expressing his gratitude.","questions":"How did Dr. Shavelson feel about being invited?","answer":"Pleasure"}
{"text":["You can never protect someone by stripping them of their rights. The premise is that unless California lawmakers become complicit in denying California athletes equal rights, then somehow those players will be harmed. And that's just a false premise.","And before we let you go, do you feel like you're making headway?Like, you know, part of the reason you got started with this - you were a former UCLA football player yourself. You saw the NCAA suspend your teammate for accepting a bag of groceries when he had no food. You know, you've seen a lot over the course of time that you've been working on this. And I'm just wondering if you feel like your arguments are making headway. Are people starting to take the questions around how college athletes are treated more seriously?","I do think there's progress. Not as fast as I would like - you know, you look at the multi-year scholarships are now available, the name, image and likeness lawsuit from Ed O'Bannon that resulted in stipends. There's still a ways to go. Let's put it that way. But I do think there's reform. I think a lot of key people are listening, especially lawmakers.","That is Ramogi Huma. He is the founder and executive director of the National College Players Association, an organization founded to advocate for college athletes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Stripping someone of their rights does not protect them.","questions":"Which organization was founded to advocate for college athletes?","answer":"Association"}
{"text":["Tell us the story, Butch, behind this recording?","Oh, I was asked to come and work for ORT, or Orchestra, regionally, della Toscana. I was told I could have three days, three hours a day, to instruct the orchestra in the ways and means of conduction, and I refused for a long time.","For months I refused to do it because it's quite a stressful thing, I think, for most conductors who get three days to conduct something they already know with an orchestra that already knows the work, but for me to teach this way of working in nine hours, I thought, was going to be a little too stressful, so I refused.","Finally, I accepted, and I encountered the problems I thought I was going to encounter. First of all, the orchestra walked into rehearsal for the first time in their life where there was no music notation and no music stands, and they kind of freaked out because most musicians, especially symphonic players, go to rehearsal, and there's music and music stands."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A was hesitant to accept the job due to the limited time given for instruction.","questions":"Which aspect of the job made PersonA hesitant to accept it?","answer":"Limited"}
{"text":["So Iran, I think, is going to respond to what it sees as its advantage. If the Trump administration were prepared to say we're going to remove a good part of the sanctions on Iran if you will sit down at the table, I think Iran would probably take that very seriously. The Trump administration, because of its opposition to the nuclear deal, created a crisis that really wasn't necessary.","And it could get worse. There is a real chance of misperception and misunderstanding that leads to military conflict. And I think this is something that nobody wants.","That's Gary Sick. He's a senior research scholar at Columbia University's Middle East Institute. Mr.  Sick, thank you so much for talking to us.","It was a pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There is a risk of military conflict due to misunderstandings.","questions":"What is the consequence of misperception and misunderstanding?","answer":"Conflict"}
{"text":["I think, given what we know about the internal divisions within Iran on some of these issues and the - their negotiating behavior in the past where they've made outrageous public statements and then in negotiations walk right - walked them right back, I wouldn't put too much credence in those statements at this point.","How much confidence do you have that the sanctions and the negotiations are going to be fruitful?","I think that this is going to create the best opportunity we've had in many, many years to test the seriousness of the Iranians and whether they're willing, you know, really, they're - they have a choice between either saving their economy and being part of - a viable part of the region or pursuing a nuclear weapons program that will make them a pariah, even more of a pariah than they are today. That's a pretty fundamental strategic choice. And I think we'll know in the coming weeks and months what choice they make.","Why won't deterrence and containment work with Iran?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : going to be fruitful implies that it will be successful, the goals achieved and not referring to fruits from the trees ","questions":"Which word in the dialogue implies that the success of the negotiations will lead to achievement of goals?","answer":"Fruitful"}
{"text":["Maybe they pass along in bodily fluids. Maybe they pass along through the air, on a cough or a sneeze. And those are the ones that become not just outbreaks but epidemics and pandemics.","And some humans are even call super-spreaders. Can you - do we know why some people are super-spreaders?","Well, we don't know why, but we know that it happens, this phenomenon of super-spreaders. It's a little bit similar to the famous case of Typhoid Mary, but a super-spreader is a person who becomes infected with one of these diseases, and then Typhoid Mary didn't show symptoms, but these super-spreaders generally show severe symptoms, and they pass their infection along to more than their share of secondary cases of other people.","For instance when SARS, SARS virus spilled over into humans in Southern China and then got to Hong Kong in 2003, it was amplified out of Hong Kong and went on to Toronto and Hanoi and Beijing and Singapore. But one of the reasons it was amplified is because there were a couple of super-spreaders in the case of SARS, two men who were very sick and who really spewed the virus out and infected a lot of health care workers."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : couple implies few carriers of the virus and not two people in romantic relationship","questions":"Which word implies that there were more than two individuals who carried the virus during the SARS outbreak?","answer":"amplified"}
{"text":["Thank you very much for having me.","And let me begin with the set up for a very old joke: How hot is it?","It's so hot, it's not a joke. That's how hot it is. It's - people always - people come out to me, though, and they ask me - since I've been here, they go, well, you must be used to this, right?I mean, you're from Africa. So, I mean, this must be - no, no. No, this is not weather. This is - I'm used to weather. This is an oven, and I'm not enjoying it. It's very hot. So barely surviving, but I'm glad to be here.","You are wearing a t-shirt that has the words nah mean(ph)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People assume that because the speaker is from Africa, they should be used to hot weather but they are not enjoying it.","questions":"What assumption do people make about the PersonA's ability to handle hot weather?","answer":"Ability"}
{"text":["You know, I give him mixed reviews. I knew Daniel Hahn prior to him becoming chief. I am a former high school teacher. And I worked hand in hand with the police department. And in working with him, I truly, truly believed that he has a good heart and good intentions. But now that he's the chief of police, we have to hold him to the line of accountability and transparency.","Sonia, Stephon's death is the latest of several fatal shootings of black men by police across the country. And some of these killings are not well-known. But they're still happening. What do you feel needs to be done to address this?","You know, I'm of the mind set that our whole policing system needs to be dismantled and abolished. And we need to start over.","And what would that look like?","What that looks like here in Sacramento - what we have done successfully as a BLM organization is we've created community resources, alternatives to police. We have resources in the community that if this were to happen, call these people instead of calling the police.","Some of the protests that have been happening since Stephon was killed have been marches and protests that have filled streets and blocked traffic. Some protests blocked basketball fans from entering a sports arena. How far should the protests go?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Advocating for alternative community resources instead of calling the police","questions":"What resources does the BLM organization suggest using instead of calling the police?","answer":"BLM"}
{"text":["When we had a transfer of presidencies in this country, when Barack Obama came in four years ago and George W.  Bush got aboard the helicopter and left town, well, George W.  Bush has pretty vanished from the American political leadership. He wrote a book, did pretty well with that. I gather he gives some speeches, but he plays no great part in the American political system. Bill Clinton has been playing a little bit more in this election.","But in the meantime, Mr.  Hu Jintao on his way out - really, on the way out?He will be a member of the Standing Committee. He's not going to be president. He's not going to be chairman of the party anymore, but?","He still may have a pretty strong role in the military. There's also the former president of China, who I covered back in the '90s, named Jiang Zemin who's from Shanghai. He has been front and center at the Party Congress. He's been out and about. He's in his mid-80s. He's playing role in terms of lining up who's going to take over. There's a lot of horse trading, but it's very, very opaque. And the average Chinese person really doesn't have any sense of where it's heading.","So you're getting this new generation of younger leaders, but the gerontocracy, the old leaders, behind the scenes, they're still playing a role."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement implies that George W. Bush is not as relevant in American politics as he used to be.","questions":"How has George W. Bush's relevance in American politics changed?","answer":"changed"}
{"text":["The attorney general says they're all murderers who preyed on children and the elderly. The first is named Daniel Lewis Lee. He's a member of a white supremacist group who killed a family of three people. The next is another inmate. He stabbed a grandmother, then drove with her granddaughter for 30 miles before killing the granddaughter very brutally too. The Justice Department says all five of these men have exhausted their appeals, so it says there are few, if any, legal hurdles to executing them later this year and early next year.","I'm thinking most violent crimes are - tend to be prosecuted by the state - right?- not the federal government. How do you even land on federal death row?","There has to be some kind of federal connection in the case. There are about 60 people on federal death row right now. Many of them killed somebody on federal land or inside a federal prison. For others, there were murders as part of a drug crime or a broader federal conspiracy.","Now, the last person executed in the federal system in 2003 killed an Army private. Before that, the most prominent was probably Timothy McVeigh, who was put to death in 2001 for his role in the Oklahoma City federal building bombing. Now, some other well-known people on death row right now in the federal system include Dylann Roof, who shot nine people at the AME Church in Charleston, S. C. , and Jahar Tsarnaev, who was convicted of crimes related to the Boston Marathon bombing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : prey in this context means to physically hurt or emotionally hurt","questions":"How did the first inmate, Daniel Lewis Lee, kill the family of three people?","answer":"Killed"}
{"text":["So what's the difference between steganography and - I'm interested in the origin of the word steganography. Can you take that apart for us?","Well. . .","Stega-, sounds almost like a dinosaur.","Certainly. It goes back to the Greeks, and it basically means hidden writing. So - and what it often gets kind of mixed together with or lumped together with, is encryption, and it's kind of - they're like close cousins, and they're trying to do the same thing, but they have slightly different approaches.","And that was my next question. What is the difference between steganography and encryption?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  the speaker is suggesting that steganography and encryption are similar and related, rather than literally saying that they are \"close cousins\".","questions":"How does the speaker describe the relationship between steganography and encryption?","answer":"Similar"}
{"text":["Well, it is. It starts off in Pumalin Park, which is temperate rain forest - so think of the coast of British Columbia - all the way down into the grassland\/steppe areas toward the tip of the country. It really encompasses almost every ecotone that one would find in the south of the country.","We should note this is now the largest private donation of land to a government ever. You and your husband ran this place as a park for a long time. I've been there. And it is indeed just one of the most beautiful places I've ever been. Why hand it over to the government of Chile?","Well, you know, we grew up within the national parks here in the United States. And there is a sense of, I would even say, ownership by every American who goes through the front gates of Yellowstone or Yosemite, that those are public parks. They belong to everybody. And Chile is no different. We hope that somehow between the creation of national parks, the development of what we call economic development as a consequence of conservation that precious masterpieces of the country will be preserved forever.","Have you gotten guarantees, though, that the government of Chile will run it in a way that's sustainable?There have been concerns about the capacity of the government of Chile to really run these parks in the same way that you've run them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In this turn, the speaker is using the phrase \"ownership\" in a figurative sense, meaning a sense of responsibility, connection, and stewardship towards national parks, rather than actual legal ownership.","questions":"What is the PersonA's view on the meaning of \"ownership\" of national parks in turn 2?","answer":"Responsibility"}
{"text":["The advice I'd give to others is, do your homework, and don't be afraid to do it. The one rule I gave myself was, it's OK if you fail. And coming from a type-A legal background, you don't make any mistakes. But in business, you have to be flexible. So, I allowed myself the freedom to make those mistakes and grow from them.","Have there been any moments when being an African-American entrepreneur has either hurt you or at least given some food for thought?","I'll take the food for thought. I'm a member of the International Spa Association. That's a pretty high-end spa group. And that market's OK, but other trade shows I would do, people would walk up and they'd say, oh, is this a black skin-care company?And I'm thinking, well, everybody has skin, irrespective of who you are - because they see me there. Even though the woman on the cover, model is - she's kind of every woman. She's actually Filipino and German, but people can't tell her background. But when they see my face there, they assume it's a company just for African-American skin, which is not the case.","When you think about that aspect of marketing, do you think that black companies that market directly to African-Americans, just very briefly, have an advantage or disadvantage over businesses like yours?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It's important to take risks and learn from failure.","questions":"How would you describe the one rule that the speaker gave to themselves?","answer":"Flexible"}
{"text":["I'm fine, thanks. Let's begin with the playoffs from last week. The Steelers beat the Bengals.","Brutal game.","Ugly, wasn't it?Not just ugly, vicious. That's what I mean.","It was a vicious game and also a game that - I've watched a lot of sports. I've never seen a team do so many dumb things as the Bengals did to lose that game in the final minutes."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Steelers and Bengals were both playing aggressively and making mistakes that could have cost them the","questions":"What were the two teams doing during the game?","answer":"Aggressively,Making"}
{"text":["But I do think, at the Pew level, if you will, this is a divisive issue. And I am really hoping and I'm personally praying that evangelicals will stop and say, this one's too far. We don't want to close that golden door on people fleeing persecution, including people who are persecuted for their Christian faith. I think it's maybe not gotten a lot of attention that Christian refugees from some of the countries where Christians face the worst persecution in the world, along with other religious minorities, are also really dramatically harmed by these policies.","As I understand it, a big part of your work is talking to fellow evangelicals about this - about immigration more broadly. Can you give us a sense of what you hear in those conversations?","Yeah. You know, I wouldn't do this work - I think I'd be completely burned out if it wasn't for the opportunities I have on a fairly regular basis to be in an evangelical church in various parts of the country on a Sunday morning, preaching and teaching on God's heart for immigrants.","And what's encouraging to me is when I speak in churches, the response is actually really positive. I think a lot of churches are afraid to even have that conversation. But when they do, I find that most people are really receptive if it's grounded not in a political agenda - we're not there to tell people to vote for Republicans or vote for Democrats - but in a biblical message that focuses on who we know God to be, as revealed in the Bible, and his particular concern for vulnerable refugees."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It is important to discuss God's message of care for refugees without being politically divisive.","questions":"What is the main focus of the message that is discussed in churches?","answer":"God's"}
{"text":["Sure.","We are always so grateful when you come on this show. I got to tell you - we got a lot of noes from Republicans who didn't want to come on this show and talk about gun policy, except, you know, maybe they'll go on Fox News. If the Republicans are proud of their record on guns, why not be interviewed about it?","Well, I can't speak for all of my colleagues on this. I mean, we obviously have a very serious violence problem in the country and particularly a firearm violence issue. And that - you know, we must address it. That said, we also have to respect the rights of people who own. . .","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implies that while the issue of violence and firearm violence must be addressed, the rights of gun owners should be respected as well.","questions":"Which issue must be addressed while respecting the rights of gun owners?","answer":"gun"}
{"text":["There's been a lot of death on this mountain over the past couple of years. 2012, six climbers died one day on the summit. In 2013, there was that brawl between some Sherpas and some European climbers. Sixteen people died last year on Everest, and there was the April earthquake. Why would someone want to climb Everest now?","You know, it baffles me, but, you know, this mountain has an inescapable pull for a lot of people. It's been more than four years now since there's been, you know, what would pass for a quiet season on Mount Everest. And each year that I thought that there might be a normal season, it got unimaginably worse, which is just difficult to fathom.","You know, I think that some teams are thinking about going to the North side. Some people are actually, you know, canceling their trips, and people are thinking about other mountains. But for a lot of people, you know, Everest is - it's a mythical kind of place. And for a lot of people, I think it's a lifelong dream that nothing is going to stand between them and the summit.","Grayson Schaffer, Outside Magazine senior editor, speaking with us from Santa Fe. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) In this turn, the speaker says \"this mountain has an inescapable pull for a lot of people\" which means that Mount Everest has a strong attraction that draws many people towards it, despite the danger and risks involved. The literal meaning would be that the mountain physically pulls people towards it, which is not true.","questions":"Which word describes the attraction that Mount Everest has for many people?","answer":"Attraction"}
{"text":["We are. . .","We are - yeah.","There's something - does that bother you or that we're experimenting on ourselves?","Oh, a little bit, I guess, you know?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"We are - yeah.\" Here, the literal meaning would be that the speaker is simply repeating what the other person said and adding an affirmation. However, the actual meaning could be interpreted as the speaker expressing uncertainty or hesitation.","questions":"How did the speaker express uncertainty in turn 1?","answer":"Uncertainty"}
{"text":["But so yeah, so toilet seats and pillowcases are very, very similar. We tend to find more species associated with our mouths on pillowcases and more species associated with feces, with gut microbes, on toilet seats. But in any given house we might or might not be able to distinguish those two. And in general, you know, these places that we sit, that we lay down, they sort of fill with species that fall off of us, you know, biased in one way or another toward a specific part of our body.","But it's kind of this mark we leave on the world everywhere we go, and presumably it's the same on planes, it's the same in our cars.","It sounds like our dogs leave a mark, too.","Yeah, so one of the really interesting things for us was to try to figure out what explains why your house is different from my house, why any house is different from any other house. And there are lots of things that you can imagine might be important, you know, the size of your house, your air conditioner, the number of people in your house, whether you're a vegetarian."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Our bodies leave a mark on everything we touch.","questions":"How do our bodies affect the microbial species on toilet seats and pillowcases?","answer":"Affect"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So boys are broken. What did you mean by that?","I want to clarify that I am not an expert in gender studies. I'm not an expert really in anything, other than maybe '80s music. And so my thoughts are reflective on my experiences and the experiences of people around me and my observations after living 46 years as a dude. What do I mean by boys are broken?I think it means that there is something going on with American men that is giving them the permission and space to commit violence. And one of the main things we focus on correctly is guns and mental health, but I think deeper than that is a problem, a crisis in masculinity.","You wrote in this that the last 50 years redefined womanhood. Women were taught that they can be anything. No commensurate movement for men, who are still generally locked to the same rigid, outdated model of masculinity. And it's killing us. When you say that there's this rigid masculinity, what do you mean by that - that men aren't able to express themselves?","Partially, yeah. I also think that masculinity doesn't have a language in the way that femininity has come to have a language. We understand that femininity can be much more broadly encompassing than masculinity now. When you think of a strong woman, that doesn't rob her of any of her femininity. But when you think of a fragile man, that has the effect culturally, I think, of neutering that guy. And so much of masculinity is rooted in sexuality."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Boys are broken implies that there is no commensurate movement for men to redefine masculinity, which is still generally locked to the same rigid, outdated model.","questions":"What is one of the main issues that the speaker believes is giving American men the permission and space to commit violence?","answer":"perception"}
{"text":["But you're talking to the real deal now, Ira. This is not about - there's no science fiction here.","When you have an antihydrogen and a hydrogen bumping into each other, they get annihilated, right?","That's right.","But what happens if an antihydrogen bumps into something bigger - let's say a carbon atom?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The whole sentence e is not literal. \"Real deal\" (there's no actual 'deal' involved) and no science fiction implies that what B is saying seems unbelievable, but is in fact real and true.","questions":"How does turn 0 imply the credibility of PersonB's question?","answer":"Unbelievable"}
{"text":["Yeah, you're like daddy stubbed his toe. Go back to sleep.","Would you ever consider - it sounds like you have in the past, but at this point, are you looking to find love, and at what - how would that have to fit into you already having a family?","Yeah, I think about that a lot. And that's really the lesson for me from this book is that I'm still an incurable romantic, but I'm now an incurable romantic about my kids.","A lot of the pressure that was on my relationships before has been relieved now because I know that I'm not going to grow old alone. As long as I can keep my kids loving me, I've got that part taken care of."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Yeah, you're like daddy stubbed his toe. Go back to sleep.\"  This turn uses figurative language or idiomatic expressions, where \"daddy stubbed his toe\" means something went wrong or painful, but not necessarily related to an actual physical injury. It is not meant to be taken literally.","questions":"Which expression does turn 0 use to convey that something went wrong or painful, but not necessarily related to an actual physical injury?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["It's \"Someone Who Will Love You In All Your Damaged Glory. \"And I love that phrase, damaged glory, and it comes in the context of a story where a drunk woman slurs into the narrator's ear, you deserve someone who will love you and all your damaged glory. What does that phrase, damaged glory, mean to you?","What I like about it - what I think it invokes - or evokes. Does it invoke or evoke?","I think it evokes.","Yeah. What I think the phrase vokes (ph) and then you can edit in an en or an E."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase 'damaged glory' refers to someone's flaws and imperfections, which should be embraced and loved.","questions":"Which phrase did the drunk woman use to describe the person who deserves to be loved?","answer":"Someone"}
{"text":["That's correct.",". . . Epstein's lawyers. OK, because I was asking about Epstein's lawyers.","Oh. Well, he - they aren't saying anything right now. They haven't seen the charges. So until they see the charges, I don't know how much they really want to say. They want to understand what they're up against to start with.","And so what are the lawyers for the victims saying?","Well, like I said, they were shocked, stunned. I don't think - I think that they suspected that something was happening with the Southern District of New York, which was investigating this and brought the charges. But I don't think they thought that it would happen this fast. I thought they thought it would be a very long process to try to get him. That's what makes me suspect that maybe they have a very good witness on their side."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"they were shocked, stunned\" implies they were surprised in a negative way.","questions":"How were the victims feeling?","answer":"Surprised"}
{"text":["I had a very sobering experience last week. Michigan's Democratic governor was tapped to play the part of Sarah Palin in practice debates with Joe Biden. And while she was out of the state, I wrote a fantastic column whose premise was that Sarah Palin had arrived in Michigan, barged into the vacant governor's office, and decided to see what she could do to whip our mopey little state into shape.","Now, what I was not prepared for was the hundreds of readers who called the Free Press to ask, did the governor of Alaska really crash into the governor's office and take over the state for a day?And I spoke to one woman, and I said, ma'am, isn't this premise a little bit implausible?And she said, Mr.  Dickerson, a lot of what I see on the news doesn't make sense these days, but it all seems to be true.","And I think that's the level of confusion and shock and awe that's out there in our state these days. They really don't know which end is up.","Brian Dickerson is a political columnist for the Detroit Free Press, getting a lot of interesting phone calls and letters. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The columnist's fictional premise was mistaken for a real event","questions":"What was the readers' reaction to the columnist's premise?","answer":"Michigan"}
{"text":["And yeah. Like I said, the video can be used for good. And that's why I think the premise of body camera footage is good. But where problems emerge is when government officials and police officials push back against making that footage public because that's the whole reason. The reason is to bring transparency to police interactions. And if government officials push against that, it goes against the entire premise.","One of the very interesting points that you make in your book is that the federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades. I mean, you highlight a report that was commissioned by President Johnson, President Lyndon Johnson in 1967 in response to the Watts riots. And you said that it proposes really not so much an emphasis on technology but an emphasis on relationships, on communication and teaching police officers how to communicate better with the public, how to - it's more of like a - I don't know what word to use. Would you say humanistic approach?And. . .","Absolutely. That's a great word for it.","And that you say that there's - these kinds of - these techniques have never really been implemented because they were deemed to be too expensive. But you also point out that technology is expensive. The police departments spend a huge amount on these technologies that you say don't work. So what - my question to you is, why do you think these techniques have not gotten more traction?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : These techniques have not been implemented due to cost concerns, despite the expensive investment in technologies that don't work for police departments.","questions":"How have police departments spent their money?","answer":"Technologies"}
{"text":["Thank you. How are you?","I'm pretty good. Thank you. You must be stuck like glue on this, but, you know, you've played in three World Cups, including one of the wins for the U. S.  team in 1999. How would you describe what it's like to be out there on that field in that final game?","It's exhilarating, to be honest with you. And it's really interesting for me to watch on TV because on the game days, I feel similar to how I used to feel when I played just because I really still feel a kinship and a connection to the current team, even though it's been many years since I played. But I feel we're all connected and inspired by each other.","Well, what are your thoughts on this current team?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : stuck like glue means to be attached to something, be it a particular issue or a person","questions":"How would you describe the feeling on the field during the final game?","answer":"Exhilarating"}
{"text":["Media looks very bad on this. It looks credulous for Justice Department sources. Hatfill had filed suit against the government and, you know, sought to get the names of sources from journalists, taking them to court to do so, and to try to prove that the Justice Department had intentionally leaked this, as they sought to, you know, circle in on him and to capture him for these attacks.","Now, this year, there was a settlement, a legal settlement, for Steven Hatfill from the government.","That's right. Just a few months ago, the government essentially paid out a package - depending on how you value it - but about 5. 85 million dollars to compensate him for lost revenue over the course of his career. He lost a job at Louisiana State University, as a result of this, that he had been offered. Interestingly, the government did not exonerate him directly. Although the entire settlement tended to do that, but it not explicitly exonerate him, and nor did it apologize to him for this. CHADWICK: I don't imagine that we in the media are going to be apologizing to him either. NPR's David Folkenflik, thank you.","You bet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"there was a settlement...for Steven Hatfill from the government.\" - The actual meaning is that Steven Hatfill received a monetary compensation from the government as a result of a legal settlement.","questions":"How was Steven Hatfill compensated?","answer":"Compensation"}
{"text":["Reptilian, exactly, and now we know that many species of dinosaurs had feathers or simple filaments that seem to be feather precursors in some cases.","Do your findings come from the relatively recent discovery that some dinosaurs had feathers?Is this sort of, like, the next step?","We are sort of taking the next. In the last 10 years, we've discovered that we can gain insight into the colors of dinosaurs and how they may have used visual signals in important contexts. And so what we wanted to ask is, can we gain insight into the vocal communication that extinct dinosaurs might have had?","Well, so what's next for you in your research?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The discoveries made in the last 10 years provide a new opportunity to understand the communication of extinct dinosaurs.","questions":"How does the last decade's research help in understanding extinct dinosaur communication?","answer":"communication"}
{"text":["Science and magic are supposed to be opposites. Science is real, and it's hard, and it's facts-driven. Magic is illusion, and it's make-believe. Two separate worlds. But not for Teller, half of the famous magic duo Penn & Teller. He recently wrote an article for Smithsonian magazine, outlining the secrets that magicians use to manipulate the human mind and how those tricks may be put to use by scientists. At the core of every trick, he wrote, is a cold, cognitive experiment in perception. Does the trick fool the audience?","Well, in this portion of the program, we would like to hear from the magicians out there. What is the trick that proved most difficult for you to master?And if you want to share its secret, what was its secret?Our number is 800-989-8255. Our email address is talk@npr. org. And you can join the conversation on our website. Go to npr. org, and click on TALK OF THE NATION. Teller joins us from NPR member station KNPR in Las Vegas. Teller, thanks very much for joining us.","Happy to be here.","So psychologists talk about the artistic intuition that magicians have, this innate ability honed over time, a lot, a lot of time to grab a person's attention and control it and manipulate it. Are they right about that?Are psychologists on to something in this assessment of what you magicians are really up to?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"What is the trick that proved most difficult for you to master?\" Here, the word \"trick\" is used to refer to a specific magic performance or illusion. The literal meaning of \"trick\" is a cunning or deceitful act, but in the context of magicians, it represents a skillful and entertaining performance.","questions":"How is the word \"trick\" used in the context of magicians?","answer":"Trick"}
{"text":["What is - let's start with this. What is your personal collection to the work and the images in this book?","Well, to me this was a labor of love. I've been living in the U. S. I came back to England. It's my homeland. I came back to London, my home city, and I felt that the culture of the young black people in particular here were suffering from a kind of deficit, historically speaking.","There were younger people in my neighborhood who were bereft of history, who took their idea of themselves from watching their kind of generic hip-hop video material that they got from the video screen rather than really inquiring into the particular history and experience of our communities in this country.","As I looked at the book, I was trying to find a theme, and I don't know if I found one or not. What was, in your view, the major trends or themes that you saw unfolding over the century that are depicted in these photographs?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"personal collection\" is a figurative expression meaning \"personal connection or attachment\"","questions":"Which expression did \"B\" try to find a theme for while looking at the book?","answer":"Theme"}
{"text":["So a startling turnaround. Any sign, though, that this is the bottom, and that things might be improving?","So far, nine U. S.  banks have failed this year, and most analysts don't see any indication that either the housing market or the credit crisis have hit bottom yet. In fact, there's a respected company based in the U. K. , it's called Begbies Traynor. It specializes in insolvency issues and corporate rescue and recovery, and that firm has just issued a research note suggesting there could be - get this, an average of 100 small banks failing in the U. S.  each year for the next three years, and their note calls that far from inconceivable.","The data released yesterday by the FDC - by FDIC, by the way, showed 117 banks and thrifts are now considered to be in trouble, and the FDIC warned that conditions will worsen, although it did say a majority of U. S.  banks will be able to weather the storm. 98 percent still have an adequate stock pile of money by the regulator's standards.","Well, let's talk more about the FDIC. It, obviously, is the insurer of banks of deposits up to 100,000 dollars, but with all these banks in trouble, is the FDIC in trouble?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) has an implied meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The literal meaning is that the speaker is asking if there is any sign of improvement in the situation being discussed, but the implied meaning is that the situation is bad and the speaker is hoping for some positive news or indication that things will get better.","questions":"What does turn 1 suggest about the situation being discussed?","answer":"Bad."}
{"text":["Credit's a basic input, just like fertilizer or fuel or labor. Farmers here need credit to be able to buy their fertilizer, number one, which is much more expensive than it used to be. Seeds, pesticides, everything - to have money to pay your employees every month. And so, when credit's delayed or not available, especially on fertilizer, it gets very complicated to be able to raise a crop. Nobody in modern agriculture can farm without credit.","And what's your credit situation like right now?","I have credit, but it was delayed. I've never had trouble getting credit here in Brazil. I've always paid my bills, and so credit's available for me. But this year, the credit promises were made, but then the credit wasn't going to arrive until it was too late to order the fertilizer and actually work out the logistics of receiving it. And so it's changed my plans a lot this year.","And timing is really essential for farmers. So, how is that going to play out there with your 2000 acres of soy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Farmers need credit to buy expensive inputs like fertilizer.","questions":"How do farmers acquire expensive inputs like fertilizer?","answer":"credit"}
{"text":["In fact, no. My impression is that the fact that these asylum seekers and the poor conditions in which they lived became public, this is shameful and disgraceful for Hong Kong. And that is what makes them a target.","They're trying to get to Canada. And their association with Snowden may be creating problems there?","It's certainly possible. We completed all of their applications and requested urgent treatment because of their vulnerability in Hong Kong months ago. They initially told us that they were expediting the files. And then two months later, they said that they were not expediting the files. But they didn't say why. And this is why we've decided to go before the court to force the government to meet its commitment - one that our clients relied upon. And now they're at the 11th hour facing imminent detention and eventual inevitable deportation, and Canada is the last hope.","And what is your best guess as to what has prompted what seems like a change of heart on Canada's part?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : To have a change of heart it means that a person can change their attitude to the specific person. In this case, Canada may have a change of heart on the refugees due to the poor conditions from Hong Kong.","questions":"How did the poor conditions in Hong Kong affect Canada's attitude towards the refugees?","answer":"Shameful"}
{"text":["Yeah. Then we got to get to gambling. How did that enter your life?","Oh, man. By the time my body broke - my body literally broke from overuse. It broke from not sleeping. It broke from not eating. The only thing I turned to that brought me some sort of feeling was gambling. And so every cent that I made from a particular date until another date, probably for, like, 6 years, went to casinos. And it was hard to write about that. It was harder to write about that than it was to write about different forms of abuse that I talked about in that book.","Because you were implicated in this in a way. You're the victim in one, and you're the, in a sense, the perpetrator in the gambling.","Well, I'm definitely the perpetrator, but in my family, you know, I think because I am from Mississippi and so much of Mississippi black labor has been taken from us, I think there's a shame when we show people and tell people that the money that we are able to make we aren't able to keep - right?- and especially if it's tied to a kind of, like, mental illness. So I started to understand halfway through my gambling addiction that I wasn't going to the casino to win, though I told myself that's exactly what I was going to do. I was going to creatively lose as much as possible. I wanted to drive back home that two hours feeling absolutely like trash."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : broke implies having bodily injury and not referring to being financially ruined ","questions":"How did PersonA's body break?","answer":"Overuse"}
{"text":["He was an amazingly debonair guy. He was a man of society, as I came to figure out. He was a guy who attended functions at The Plaza for the Soldiers, Sailors, Marine Corps and Airmen's Association, the Petroushka Ball at the Waldorf, the Russian Nobility Ball, the Viennese Waltz Ball - all of these crazy events that, frankly, I had never heard of, but he was - had long-standing involvement with.","And he - this was his life.","This was his life. He was the organizer of these things. He would orchestrate table settings. He was the man at the door who would greet everybody. You know, he actually invited my wife and I to one of these events one time. It was one at The Plaza. And there stood Alan, right behind the reception table as you walked in: tuxedo, tails, you know, medals on his chest. He had served in the Air Force. And he - you know, he was the host of this whole universe, really. I mean, he was involved in numerous events like this.","And among those phone messages, you used to get messages from women named Muffy explaining what a grand, smashing time they'd had."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The man was the host and organizer of social events, well-dressed and decorated with medals.","questions":"What was the man's involvement in social events?","answer":"Organizer"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. What's past is prologue is a line from Shakespeare. In politics, what's past can be a time bomb to explode or fizzle. Dr.  Ben Carson leads in some national polls, but he's now being asked about claims he's made about his past. And Jeb Bush, who's fallen into single digits, may have political problems with the new biography about his beloved father, and all just before the next Republican debate. NPR senior editor and correspondent Ron Elving joins us. Ron, thanks for being with us.","Good morning, Scott.","I would guess nobody doubts Dr.  Carson's a superb surgeon with an amazing personal story. But he's had to handle questions this week about a temper he said he once had to overcome an acclaim he's made about West Point.","You know, being the frontrunner gives you a kind of claim to scrutiny that no one else gets. And CNN was unable to corroborate Dr.  Carson's stories about his violent youth, including a stabbing incident where he says his knife blade broke off on the belt buckle of a friend. The implication is that these stories have been enhanced or exaggerated for effect to, you know, improve the story of his personal redemption. And that story also includes what he has called his full tuition scholarship to West Point, where, it turns out, he did not even apply."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that CNN was unable to verify some of the claims that Dr. Ben Carson has made about his past, including an incident where he stabbed a friend and his application and acceptance to West Point. However, the implied meaning is that Dr. Carson may have exaggerated or embellished these stories in order to make his personal redemption story more compelling. The turn (4) uses the phrase \"the implication is\" to indicate that this is not a direct accusation, but rather a suggestion or insinuation.","questions":"How did CNN respond to Dr. Carson's claims about his violent youth and his full tuition scholarship to West Point?","answer":"Verify"}
{"text":["Yeah, that was easy. Planet Fitness was the best job actually because I could do my little squats behind the desk. There was always time to just like mess around and just do whatever.","But Uber seems like that would offer a lot of storytelling possibilities.","Oh, my gosh, it did.","Do you think we'll find some of that in your songs at some point?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Planet Fitness job was easy because I could exercise while working","questions":"How did the speaker combine exercise and work at their previous job?","answer":"Exercise"}
{"text":["Yeah, I don't think there's been a response to it yet - not that I've seen. And I guess, you know, it puts a cloud on it. The special relationship was given a boost by the birth of Meghan's and Prince Harry's baby. And that was seen as sort of a good omen ahead of this visit, unfortunately, now is being, obviously, overshadowed by what Donald Trump has said. That may be a prelude to what he may say about other people here.","And I think the concern is that Donald Trump will use this and kind of abuse the invitation. He'll be given all the kind of welcome that he can expect in a royal visit. But is he going to return the favor, or is he going to bring up these tricky diplomatic issues, which are kind of flies in the ointment in the relationship as it currently stands?","So, Dominic, what I'm hearing from you is that there's a great deal of apprehension from the actual government that invited him. So is anything likely to come out of this trip that might be beneficial to the United Kingdom?","Well, if you talk to diplomats that - and their answer is that these state visits are hugely important. But in the background, there's a lot of sort of diplomatic nitty-gritty going on. There's a lot of business deals being made. And the hope is that this continues to cement that relationship, which we're told is greater than the sort of personal relationship currently in the heart of it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : 'Flies ion the ointment\" is not literal. It just refers to something that makes a situation trickier; here it strains the relations between the two countries.","questions":"What does the phrase \"flies in the ointment\" refer to?","answer":"Trickier"}
{"text":["Initially, Manaf was very close to Bassel. I mean, he was his childhood friend. But when Bassel died and Bashar became the heir, obviously, the friendship and the loyalties were transferred to Bashar. And Manaf was by Bashar's side, you know, from the get-go.","You know, in 2011, when the uprising started, here, Manaf made the break and said, you know, I'm not going to be like my father, Mustafa; I'm not going to kill, you know, to preserve this regime. So he stepped back and eventually had to leave the country.","When you talked to Manaf Tlass, who was a loyalist for so long, what does he say is the moment when he said, I got to get out of this - this friendship, this country?","Initially, when the uprising started, Manaf was trying to convince Bashar not to use violence, not to actually shoot protesters. But the problem is, you know, Bashar was surrounded by these hardliners - his brother Maher al-Assad and his cousin Hafez Makhlouf. So this is very much a family affair ruling Syria. These people were for actually shooting people from the first day. And the idea was if you shot enough people from the first day, you would scare them off the streets. That was the logic."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Manaf Tlass decided not to support his father's regime","questions":"What was the reason for Manaf Tlass to step back in 2011?","answer":"Regime"}
{"text":["OK.","Lots of people have them. It's not open-heart surgery. Stents are often put in through the wrist these days. So - yes, so it's not super invasive. And people can go back to work if they choose after this procedure in just a few days, even a couple of days.","I'm trying to think back to what I know about Bernie Sanders' health generally and his past health history. Has he had any kind of signs of heart trouble?","I mean, what we do know is that as of January 2016, when he was campaigning last time, his doctor wrote a letter. The campaign put it out. And the letter said that Sanders had no history of cardiovascular disease at that time. He also had a normal EKG. So right back then, he seemed healthy heart-wise. Now, people may remember recently he canceled some other events after that last debate. That was very minor. He was recovering from a hoarse voice, his campaign said. This is very different."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's not an extremely hard and complicated procedure to perform.","questions":"What is the type of surgery performed on Sanders?","answer":"Stents"}
{"text":["What kind of inspiration did it take to make you into a poet?Who did you read?When did you start reading, or did someone read to you as a child that made you love poetry?","I started reading at the age of three, and I like to think that it's because of my parents, who were working-class people, who only had - both my mother and father only graduated from the eighth grade. So that they read, and they read a lot. And put their arms around me while they read. And I'm convinced that that has a lot to do with getting you to understand how to read. I would look at their mouths and I'd look at the page, and somehow, I figured it out. Then I tortured everybody by reading every sign, everything, which I still do.","So if you had to name a few other people, and I'm sure there'd be a long list. But just one or two people who you love.","Gwendolyn Brooks, Langston Hughes, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Kenneth Rexroth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker's parents' love of reading played a crucial role in their development as a poet.","questions":"Which poets inspired the PersonA's love of poetry?","answer":"Parents"}
{"text":["Good to be with you, Linda.","So we've got a ticket, at long last. What is Governor Pence's contribution?What does he bring to the table?","He has three things that Donald Trump lacks and needs. He has the trust of most social conservatives. He has a long history of working with other party leaders in Washington. And he has good relationships with the kind of Republican donors who have been shying away from Donald Trump up to now.","Which sounds sensible, conventional and not at all like Donald Trump."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implies that Governor Pence may have a valuable contribution to the ticket, and the speaker wants to know what it is.","questions":"What is one thing Governor Pence has that Donald Trump lacks and needs?","answer":"trust"}
{"text":["Ebola has now spread to the largest city in eastern Congo, Goma, where at least three cases have been confirmed. Today marks exactly one year since the outbreak was declared in Congo. And so far, more than 1,800 people have died. This makes it the second deadliest Ebola outbreak in history.","NPR's Eyder Peralta has been following this story. He joins us now from his base in Nairobi. Nader, I want to start with just the significance of these cases in Goma.","Yeah, I mean, what it tells us is that this outbreak is still not contained. And it also tells us that some of the mechanisms that should be in place to contain Ebola still have some problems. Health authorities tell us that the latest case in Goma involves a minor. Authorities believe he was infected when he traveled hundreds of miles back home on a motorcycle. And he started having symptoms shortly after he got back to Goma on July 22. And he sought health care several times. But his case didn't raise alarm until July 29. That's seven days later. That means he had a chance to have contact with a lot of people. And he had a large family. He had 10 kids.","And now we've gotten word that his 1-year-old daughter has tested positive. As health authorities put it, there is now an active transmission chain in Goma. And they are fully expecting more new infections."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : to get word on something means that you were told something by someone","questions":"How did health authorities describe the situation in Goma?","answer":"active"}
{"text":["And the president called federal efforts to assist Puerto Rico during Hurricane Maria an unsung success. But, of course, as we know, 3,000 people died. And then, the president said that his critics had just cooked up that number. And that - we have to say it - that's just not true.","That's right. Now a lot of those deaths did not take place directly during the storm. Rather, they took place indirectly during the painfully slow recovery. Remember, it was only last month that electricity was finally restored throughout the island. So if this is a success, Trump is in a very lonely chorus singing about it.","In Florida, some of the president's fellow Republicans tried to distance themselves from Trump's comments. Candidates like Rick Scott and Ron DeSantis - they know that downplaying the scale of that disaster is not the way to make friends in Florida. A lot of Puerto Rican transplants have relocated to that state, and many of them will be voting in November.","And turning to the political news of the week, which is important. The president's former campaign chairman Paul Manafort pleaded guilty yesterday to felony conspiracy charges and agreed to cooperate with Robert Mueller's investigation. Do sources in the White House believe Paul Manafort has a lot to dish about on Donald Trump and\/or the Trump campaign?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The president's claim of success in assisting Puerto Rico during Hurricane Maria is false.","questions":"Which event is being referred to as a false claim by the President in turn 0?","answer":"Hurricane"}
{"text":["Yes, they are in re-settlement areas. For example, in Mozambique you have 258,000 people, 90,000 of whom have been displaced over the past month or so. In Malawi you already have 700 cholera cases that have been reported. You have about 152,000 people who have been affected. So they are moving away from their home areas into re-settlement camps.","Let's move to Kenya in the east of Africa. The talks between President Kibaki and opposition leader Raila Odinga continue today outside of Nairobi and the negotiations are being mediated by former U. N.  Secretary General Kofi Annan. Since the post-election violence began in late December, more than 1,000 people have been killed and hundreds of thousands have been displaced. There are also reports of a wave of sexual violence against women who've been displaced by this turmoil. So Cassandra, what's going on here?","Since the violence after the disputed elections on December 27th, we're seeing that this situation has put women and girls at great risk of sexual assault. We know that always in situations of conflict women and girls are in danger. And in Kenya it is no different. We are hearing reports from Nairobi, from the Nairobi general hospital, that there may be as many as double the number of cases of rape within the days following the eruption of the violence.","And what we know is that for every case that is being treated or is being reported, there are many more victims who fail to seek help."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Women and girls in Kenya are at high risk of sexual assault due to the conflict.","questions":"What is the main concern regarding women in Kenya during the conflict?","answer":"Sexual-assault"}
{"text":["We're hosting an online viewing party of sorts. For all those people who couldn't be among the 75,000 at INVESCO, I guess the next best thing to do is have your computer at your desk and join us. So we'll be linking to a stream of the event, and we'll host a real-time conversation.","So give that address again.","nprnewsandviews. org.","All right. Geoffrey Bennett is the web producer for News and Notes, joining me from the studios at the NPR west. Geoff, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : An online viewing party is being held as a substitute for not being able to attend in-person.","questions":"Which event is being streamed at the online viewing party?","answer":"INVESCO"}
{"text":["So one of the most famous stories about Julie takes place at a royal ball, at the Palais Royal. She attended in men's clothes. She often dressed in men's clothes, in the way that Katharine Hepburn dressed in men's clothes, not pretending to be a man, just, that was her style. And she saw a young woman on the dance floor, beautiful young woman, and she kissed her. Everyone gasped. And three men, one after another, three noblemen challenged her to a duel. So she said to them, one after another, yes, I'll meet you outside at midnight. Fought them, one after another, beat them all and then returned to the ball.","(Laughter) Just another night at the palace.","As you do, that's right. And, you know, that really sealed her reputation as a wild, uncontained woman who just did not care about any of the protocols.","Yeah. And how important was historical accuracy to you as a novelist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"Just another night at the palace\" is an idiomatic expression used to suggest that the situation described is not unusual or surprising. It does not mean that such events commonly occur at the palace.","questions":"Which expression suggests that the situation described is not unusual or surprising?","answer":"Idiomatic"}
{"text":["\u2026of the entire family. And you've got the ability to sit from that distance and observe natural behavior.","You know, there have been stories written about park rangers and others who have very strong personal connections to these animals. I know that some of them have named them. How does that come about?","Well, the park rangers, in my opinion, are the real heroes of mountain gorilla conservation. They are the guys who are out on a day-to-day basis, doing the work of conservation. And in the case of D. R. C. , they are risking their lives. We probably have lost 120 to 150 guards over the last 15 years in the Congo. And I think it indicates the kind of courage that these guys have, putting their life on the line, protecting animals that they have worked with on a day-to-day basis or, in some cases, decades.","Are there other animals that are also endangered in that area, especially as a result of the finding, in addition to the gorilla?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In the conversation, B asks how park rangers develop strong personal connections with animals and how they end up naming them. The literal meaning of B's question is straightforward, but the implied meaning is more complex. B may be suggesting that personal connections with animals are unethical, unprofessional, or undermine the objectivity necessary for conservation efforts. Additionally, B may be asking whether the park rangers' personal connections with animals complicate conservation efforts or make it more difficult to do their jobs.","questions":"Which animal did PersonB ask about in addition to the gorilla?","answer":"Animals"}
{"text":["That's British Columbia, the northwest of Canada, right?","Yes. Absolutely, I'm sorry. So then another vehicle that they'd been driving was last seen on July 22. So the manhunt - they already had a few days on everybody. And they were last seen in this community in northern Manitoba. The police, the RCMP poured extensive resources, as you say, but they were not able to be located.","And some other reported sightings - there was a report that may be some men matching the description had been seen at this very isolated dump in a community way up north. Those have not been able to be substantiated. The latest tip is that they've been seen in an area called Kapuskasing in Ontario. But, again, that's still unsubstantiated at this time.","But probably each time a community is mentioned or something, I mean, people must freak out. It's pretty terrifying."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is more than one British Columbia besides the one in Canada","questions":"What was the community mentioned in northern Manitoba where the suspects were last seen?","answer":"Northern"}
{"text":["Now, I would imagine that most of these interviews took place in the South, and that most of these people were either octogenarians or something older at the time that you talked to them, were they?","Let's try centenarians.","Centenarians.","Centenarians. The oldest person I interviewed was 112 and I think the youngest was 86, a man named Christopher Sadox Wright(ph) in California. The 112-year-old, I was not able to include because she did not have all of her faculties. She didn't remember much about her family or her years as - you know, she didn't really remember much about yesterday."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Octogenarians would be someone who is at lesat 80 years old.","questions":"How old were the youngest interviewees according to the dialogue?","answer":"86"}
{"text":["Well, I mean, one reason that I think it's worth doing this is that when campaigns gather and take stock of this information on Election Day, they use it to make game-day decisions about how to market to you, right?So if you're a voter in a key state, the campaigns in that state will look at the same kind of information we're going to be gathering and publishing. They'll decide to move their radio resources around. They might send you a couple push text messages. They are going to try and drive your voting behavior based on the information they're seeing about the race and how it's going. You know, I think one of the jobs of journalism is to make its users savvier and more aware of the marketing that they're subjected to. And I think that publishing the information we plan to publish could help do that.","I'm going to return to the same question. I mean, how?What's the crying need for that?","Well, I mean, I think isn't it useful for voters to see the election the way that insiders do?The campaigns are trying to get you to vote in a certain way, and they are pushing you. And if you can understand why and how they're doing that, maybe you can make a smarter decision.","Julia Turner of Slate, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is not actually asking a question but rather implying that the need has not yet been established. ","questions":"What is the tone of PersonB's response in turn 1?","answer":"Skeptical"}
{"text":["Well, he risks alienating immigration hard-liners. But that's not necessarily the same category as Republicans. Immigration restrictionists have been some of Donald Trump's strongest supporters, whether you're talking about breitbart. com or Ann Coulter, Laura Ingraham.","But some in that same sort of populist conservative media base - some Fox News figures, Rush Limbaugh - have actually been supportive. And many Republicans in Congress support this policy. Immigration is a very tricky issue. There's a reason that the last two presidents, Republican and Democrat, have tried very hard to reform the immigration system and failed.","However, you know, the irony is you have the House speaker, Paul Ryan, for example, coming out and saying, well, this isn't up to the president. This is up to Congress. And they're sort of irked that they've been left out, the congressional Republican leadership. But the irony is this is a thing they want to do. They do want to protect the DREAMers. And they do want to, even the Republicans, many of them - want to pass some kind of immigration reform.","I want to ask you a quick question. Before we move on, Hillary Clinton is on book tour. I like what I've read of the book. It's not a on-the-one-hand-this, on-the-one-hand-that kind of memoir. Are there political repercussions from anything that she said?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The irony is that even though congressional Republican leadership may be opposed to Donald Trump's immigration policy, they still ultimately want to pass some kind of immigration reform.","questions":"How do many Republicans feel about passing immigration reform?","answer":"Supportive"}
{"text":["I'll say.","Dissection, anger, back and forth, denunciation by both major party presidential campaigns. Do you think that this cover crossed the line of propriety?","Of propriety?Perhaps. But what it - I think it did so for an urgent and good cause, which is to blow this stupid calumny about Obama away, once and for all. It travels as the subtext through all this polite conversation. I just saw some NBC report that was quoting a Newsweek poll saying 50 percent of Americans believe that Obama is or was a Muslim, or was signed - sworn in on the Koran to the Senate seat, and so on. It's madness. And I - it seems to me that showing the fevered image directly will be a possible way of looking at and dissipating that image.","I think as a result it's a fairly brave thing to do, in which the New Yorker's fulfilling its function at its best, which is to make people think and talk. And the New Yorker helped that discussion happen. And it's one of the times where I feel, hats off, New Yorker!They got it right, you know. This is not something that goes away by saying, but it's not seemly to discuss this.","But there are some people who are always going to read this un-ironically and say, well, yeah, he is a Muslim despite, you know."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The cover story in question caused controversy but served an important purpose.","questions":"Which purpose?","answer":"Important"}
{"text":["In the U. S. , the Federal Reserve decided on Wednesday to wind down its quantitative easing, and keep short-term interest rates near zero. If that last sentence made your head spin, don't worry - there's a computer game for that. Actually, a whole slew of them.","They're games created by central banks, from the ECB in Frankfurt to the Cleveland Federal Reserve. And, as you might tell from that theme music, they are not quite \"Grand Theft Auto. \"Jason Karaian reviewed a few of these games for the online business news outlet Quartz. He joins us from the BBC in London. Mr.  Karaian, thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me.","We heard the theme music to a game I believe is called \"Economia. \""],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"If that last sentence made your head spin, don't worry - there's a computer game for that.\" The literal meaning suggests that if the previous sentence caused confusion or disorientation, there is a computer game specifically designed to address that. The implied meaning is that there are computer games available to help people understand complex financial concepts or economic terms in a more engaging and accessible way.","questions":"How did the computer games mentioned in the dialogue aim to help people?","answer":"Understand"}
{"text":["Well, I talked to - obviously, I've been all over Iowa and New Hampshire. And most people really want to beat Trump. And I think if we don't stand up and say that we don't - you know, that Democrats don't stand for socialism, we're going to end up reelecting the worst president this country's ever had. And I feel sometimes a lonely voice.","But I think we've got to speak loud and clear that jobs matter. Our economy has to grow. And certainly we want to address income inequality. Absolutely we want to make sure that women have a right to choose, that civil rights and social justice are addressed aggressively. But we've also got to recognize to win in Ohio and Michigan, North Carolina and Wisconsin, we're going to have to, you know, get more to those kitchen table issues that have to do with, you know, somebody's job and - or how many jobs they're having to work just to balance their household budget.","And do you think your fellow candidates are not doing that?","Well, they're certainly doing it to a certain extent. I'm not diminishing climate change or - as an important issue or health care. But I don't think we're going to address climate change by guaranteeing every American a federal job, which is what part of the Green New Deal was. I don't think we're going to address the spiraling inflation in health care by forcibly telling 150 million people that we're going to take away their private insurance."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : To win in key states, Democrats need to prioritize jobs and economic growth.","questions":"What kitchen table issues does the Democratic Party need to prioritize in order to win in key states?","answer":"Jobs"}
{"text":["God bless them. God bless them both.","The next album. Yes, definitely. I'm very happy for her.","Halle Berry, I guess. Speaking of families, and, you know, issues like that, she won the best actress award at the BET Awards this week, but a lot of people are asking why aren't we seeing more of your baby?","Right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Asking why the person is hiding their baby and not showing it to the public.","questions":"What award did Halle Berry win at the BET Awards?","answer":"best"}
{"text":["Now, Senator Obama is scheduled to address the convention on Sunday, last week we spoke to Richard Prince, of the Maynard Institute, who said, that the presidential forum, that was scheduled for Thursday was quote, \"all but dead. \"Of course, Senator Obama is traveling internationally. How did you secure him coming for Sunday, and given that Sunday is essentially the very last day of the convention, do you expect turnout that's going to be significant?","Well, the talks with both presidential candidates have been taking place for a while, and the invitations were extended many, many months ago. And so, talks have been taking place, and you know, with schedules it's really difficult to nail that down. With this Middle East and Europe trip coming up for Senator Obama, that came into the mix, just in recent weeks. It came down to a choice between having the Senator come on Sunday, or not at all.","So the Senator McCain invitation is still out, but it has not been accepted or rejected?","Right. We're still working on it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The organizers faced difficulties in getting Obama to attend the convention.","questions":"How did the organizers overcome the difficulties in getting Obama to attend the convention?","answer":"Talks"}
{"text":["Yeah. It was soon dead. They had trapped it with a snare just to - we saw deer that had been killed by snares. So, that's a very efficient way of taking out the animals in a forest. So, even small economic changes here will ripple through South Sudan and affect the economy, the animals, the future of, you know, the future earning potential of tourism could all be change significantly in next five years.","And those people who killed the boar, you later found out were poachers.","Yeah. They don't, you know, nobody can quite say where the rules are and which rules apply, but I have to admit having snacked on that animals, the minister of animal told me, oh, they're poachers. Yes, I've been down there and told them. They must not poach. So it's really theoretical. They know national, you know, the national parks in South Sudan, large one Boma, which has the great animal migration is 8,800 square miles. The second one that's full of a lot of animals, 3,700 square miles. They have no roads, no buildings, no trained wardens, they have untrained. People have been assigned like army conscripts, but there's no effective park system or rules about anything.","You went by airplane to find that herd of elephants you described but you refused to tell us where it is."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"changes here will ripple through South Sudan\" implies that what happened will have numerous effects on the country ","questions":"What will be affected significantly in the next five years due to the changes mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Tourism"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . What role do you think Congress should be playing now?","Well, we've had this long debate - haven't we?- over the '01 and '02 AUMFs.","You mean the authorizations for use of military force?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : playing refers to as and implies engaged with or undertake ","questions":"What is Congress being referred to as?","answer":"Congress"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, that is the thing in this country. I mean, I know America quite well. And I think we have to reverse the absolute mirror image of the broadcasting and newspaper. When the debate was around about the beginning of this year about fake news, there was a lot of discussion about how, in this country, people are kind of used to fake news because - not that the newspapers are fictional, but they do take a slant on some stories. But the television media here, in particular, and the radio has been regulated to be unbiased and impartial since broadcasting began in the 1930s.","Some here in America would view this as an agency of thought police. Is there pushback against Ofcom in the United Kingdom?","There have been periods of incredibly busy activity from Ofcom. Recently, they have been turning quite a few complaints across to us and other broadcasters. That is not a reflection of Ofcom. That's a reflection of people who write to Ofcom. They're only making decisions if viewers complain. But it's not a form of thought police. It's a form of being objective. I think viewers in this country expect the television and radio broadcasting to be unbiased, accurate and impartial. And so that is enshrined in law. It's an expectation. And when they feel that the standards of broadcasting have dropped below that, they complain to Ofcom, and then Ofcom investigates us.","Ben De Pear is the editor of Channel 4 News. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"agency of thought police\" - the literal meaning of this phrase would be an organization that physically enforces certain thoughts, but the actual meaning is an organization that restricts or controls freedom of thought or expression.","questions":"How would someone define \"agency of thought police\"?","answer":"restrict"}
{"text":["And when we returned at the beginning of this year, in the beginning of 2008, we could really see that the sectarian violence was beginning to abate, and that's continued tremendously throughout this year. So we've been able to focus a lot of our efforts on stability operations and infrastructure and just helping with building up the government and the local government forces there. So it's been a really good, positive year, and I think that the soldiers all the way down to the lowest level can see that progress.","And the Status of Forces Agreement, known as SOFA, went into effect today, and that among other things mandates the withdrawal of all U. S.  troops from Iraq by 2011. Are people talking about that?And how is it affecting them?","Well, the SOFA basically states that we will be continuing to work with the Iraqi forces for the remainder of the time that we're here. And it has set a timeline, but our timeline to come home really hasn't changed even according to that. But a lot of the troops now are looking towards the future, knowing that they'll probably wind up going to Afghanistan.","So right now, the schedule of deployments, we don't really know how far out that's going to go, and so people are just sort of looking towards getting our job done here and then heading home to their families."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : SOFA is not affecting the current timeline for troops to come home.","questions":"What is the agreement that mandates the withdrawal of all U.S. troops from Iraq by 2011 called?","answer":"SOFA"}
{"text":["And not to make any comparisons, but I seem to recall that there was a time when J. Crew was a catalog retailer - didn't have any real stores. And now, of course, they've got plenty of them in addition to a very ambitious online retail site.","Absolutely. The way that I've thought about these Shopify stores is they're undoubtedly strange because they're new, but their model is fundamentally not that different from, like, a big corporate enterprise. It's just that the tools have democratized the ability for people to tap into the globalized economy. And so before, it took the idea of having a supply chain and having all these people who would know factory owners in China and all these other kinds of things - that took a lot of infrastructure.","What these tools have done is eliminate the need for all that infrastructure. And so now it's this alternative way into what is a real thing about our economy, which is that many, many of the goods that we all purchase are made in Asian factories and are sold to us at a very high markup from their production costs.","So where's the coat now, may I ask?","It's hanging up in my closet, kind of towards the back - in there with the things that are too small for me to fit into now (laughter). But I'll bring it out at some point, I'm sure. Everyone needs a coat like that, you know, maybe for gardening or something."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Many goods are made in Asian factories and sold to consumers at high markups.","questions":"How are the goods made in Asian factories sold to consumers?","answer":"Markup"}
{"text":["Right. You have this really shocking statistic in your article where you say that personal consumption amounts to 70 percent of the American economy.","Yeah, that's right. Basically, we are the engine of our own economy. And for far too long apparently, we've just been swiping our Visa cards willy nilly and pumping up this economy. The worry is that when we stop doing that, which is what's happening, our economy is going to sag.","So you went out to see if it was sagging. You went to the Mall of America. What did you find?","The most ambitious mall in the United States, the mall that is doing the most to put you in the fugue state that allows you to spend. They're up against it at the Mall of America. What I found was a lot of people who weren't shopping all that much and a lot of people that were counting their pennies in a way that they never had before."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The statistic does not electrically shock people but it does greatly surprise people.","questions":"What was the reaction of people to the statistic mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"surprised"}
{"text":["So, Bill, what do you make of the president's remarks?","Every time I hear President Bush talk about billions, I start thinking about Carl Sagan and talking about billions of stars and billions of this. Part of the problem when I listen to and consider what President Bush is talking about is more what he doesn't talk about, that U. S.  aid to Africa is significant in terms of dollar amounts that are mentioned, but as a percentage of what the United States does offers internationally, it's actually not all that significant.","A couple of years ago, I did a little research on this and discovered that U. S.  aid to Africa, if you withdraw Egypt, is less than Israel. That is - that the total aid is less than the aid to one country, a key ally of the United States. So that figure told me a little bit about the priorities of the United States.","The second thing is that there are regularly strings attached to U. S.  aids. So whether it's the assistance to combat HIV and AIDS, there are these strings around the issue of abstinence, abstinence only, as a condition for significant amounts of aid to combat that disease. A second issue is that whereas the United Nations has had a internationally recognized program combating AIDS\/HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, the Bush administration has refused to give full funding to that U. N.  program and instead was more interested in setting up its own bureaucracy to offer assistance, which seems to be run contrary all of the rhetoric about a, you know, that conservatives often offer about eliminating costs."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A couple of years ago, I did a little research on this and discovered that U.S. aid to Africa, if you withdraw Egypt, is less than Israel. That is - that the total aid is less than the aid to one country, a key ally of the United States. So that figure told me a little bit about the priorities of the United States. - Implied meaning: A is suggesting that the United States' priorities may be misguided in terms of the amount of aid provided to Africa compared to other countries such as Israel.","questions":"What country's aid is mentioned as being greater than the total aid the US provides to Africa, according to PersonA's research?","answer":"Israel"}
{"text":["Are you going to zap it and drill it?Because I know you have a big drill onboard, too.","Yes, we will. We hope to. The idea of this drive is to give us time to check out the rest of the sampling hardware. We will be able to take ChemCam laser measurements as we go, but we do need to do a little bit more work to check out the scoop, for example, and the drill. And so that'll take us, you know, probably another month or so to get all that hardware checked out.","By that point, we hope to be at the - in the area of the Glenelg area, and so it'll be good timing to try to get our first samples.","So you'll be testing out while you're moving, along the way?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B said zap it and drill it by zap they mean by firing a laser. ","questions":"What does PersonB mean by \"zap\"?","answer":"laser"}
{"text":["That's a harsh statement. I mean, you know, some of us were expecting - I mean because this is a very delicate matter for Barack Obama. On the one hand he wants to keep those civil rights establishment figures behind him, supporting him throughout this general election period, but at the same time he knows well that if he can create a little bit of distance with Jesse Jackson, he may be able to pull on more moderate Democrats, white and black, and maybe even some moderate Republicans.","But Jesse Jackson, Jr.  seems to have taken the lead and seems particularly angry and personally offended by what his father had done. And it suggests that the relationship there is somewhat fractured as well.","Let's go deeper, linguistically into this. When, at the time that I spoke with Reverend Jackson, and this was yesterday, we believed, knowing what we did, we being most of the press, that he had said that Senator Obama had emasculated himself. As it turned out, the phrase was much rougher and much more, you know, I want to blank, blank, blank. Is there a difference between those two ways, neither of them particularly nice, of parsing out lack of manhood?","Well, you know, I actually read that slightly differently. When I heard about the specific comments and the castration and sort of the anger in which it was delivered, even though it was a whisper of. I immediately began to think back historically about, you know, the ways and which powerful black men, or uppity black men were punished."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Obama needs to balance his support from civil rights figures and moderate Democrats and Republicans","questions":"How does Obama need to balance his support?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["So I always tell people, look at your many choices. Don't close any doors. But the fact is that, you know, take your passion, take it as far as you can, but understand you've got to make a living, and you've got to pay the loan back.","What about people like you, who are college presidents?What challenges are you facing in trying to make sure that you can get a broad variety of students from different backgrounds?","Farai, you know, what keeps me up at night is the young women who want to be admitted but don't have the dollars, the young women who are students who are continuing, who are saying, I need more financial aid, the young women whose parents can't take out another loan. That literally keeps me up at night. If you see me again and I'm gray, that's what did it.","I mean literally. I mean, I wake up in the - you know, I wake up in the middle of the night and say, how can I find money for these young people?It is a challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Finding funding for the education of young people is a significant challenge that affects my sleep.","questions":"How does the challenge of finding funding affect the speaker?","answer":"dated"}
{"text":["You're welcome. What a pleasure.","What are the factors you had to take into consideration to do things like help create flags and currency for South Sudan?","What I learned was these state symbols are really marks of consensus. They're about design, but they're really about agreement. So South Sudan is comprised of 60 ethnic tribes, and for the one symbol that they were able to produce during the time of the referendum to the time of their independence, they produced a national seal. And they had to get the agreement of 28 cabinet ministers representing these tribes.","And what's the seal look like?How would you describe it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A: \"These state symbols are really marks of consensus. They're about design, but they're really about agreement.\"  Here, the literal meaning would be that state symbols are merely designs created for aesthetic purposes. However, the intended meaning is that these symbols represent the agreement and consensus of the people and hold significant cultural and political value.","questions":"Which word describes the significance of state symbols?","answer":"Consensus"}
{"text":["However.","Well, you know, it is a good analogy. It's like, you know, you keep the umbrella around. Once it stops raining, you don't get rid of the umbrella, you keep it in the closet. It's the same with your savings. Even when you're doing well, you still have to put something away for the time that it rains, because guess what, it's always going to rain.","So, what are you going to miss most, do you think, about being on the show and giving advice to the radio audience?","Well, obviously the staff, you know - and you know, I don't want to get so melancholy but I have to tell folks that I have never enjoyed working with a group of people more than I have here at NPR. Really smart, caring people who wanted to produce a segment like this to - you see, I'm getting ready to cry - to really help people. This is the one job, and I've got like 10, that I love getting up to go to. And I'm going to miss the listeners. NPR listeners are the most thoughtful, and I get a ton of email - even from those who disagree with me, it was always in a way that was very respectful. And that says a lot about the people who listen to this program."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : You put money in the savings in case you have a problem and need it","questions":"What analogy does PersonA use to explain the importance of saving money?","answer":"Umbrella"}
{"text":["I started the business as a hobby. I needed a break from the logical legal work that I was doing every day, and I decided as a creative outlet I'd like to start making spa products as a gift. I contacted a store in Canada, and they sent me some raw ingredients, taught me how to mix some things. I took them in to work, and people really liked them.","People often think of, say, Carol's Daughter, you know, and the spa-product industry being a woman's thing. But I also remember going down to cover Hurricane Katrina and there was a doctor, Dr.  Friedman, who - he and his sons would make soaps and things like that. What spoke to you about this business?Why did you want to do it?","I was looking for a sense of wellness, and I've always tried to take good care of myself. So, one of the things I would do is, I work very hard, but I also take good care of myself in a healthy way. So, one of the ways I do that is by going to spas. I've always been a fan of the product, and I was a great consumer of the product. So, in building my business, I knew exactly what I expected, as a high-end consumer, of the market.","Some people say, OK, spa items, beauty items, those are all things that people will cut in tough times. What have you seen in terms of the past year or so of your business?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Men can also be interested in the spa-product industry.","questions":"What kind of industry might some people think is only for women, but can actually interest men as well?","answer":"Beauty"}
{"text":["Yeah. The embassy guards, it's kind of a, you know, a misperception. In any embassy they essentially protect the chancellery in the embassy and the ambassador's residence itself, and particularly to, you know, you get them into a safe place if there is an attack or to - and if that fails, to destroy the classified material and so forth.","They're not responsible for the overall external or internal security of the embassy compound per se. They can augment that and they have if necessary, but there is a diplomatic security mission that does that sort of thing, and then - obviously which didn't happen on this case. You're hoping that you've got a competent external protection from the host nation, which is responsible for the safety of the entire compound.","We're talking with retired Marine Colonel Gary Anderson about lessons learned from before and during the attack in Benghazi. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And any number of recommendations were made by the Pickering Mullen report. As you look at those, are they going to address the kinds of interagency communications problems that you're worried about?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The host nation is responsible for the safety of the entire compound.","questions":"How is the safety of the embassy compound handled?","answer":"Host"}
{"text":["Claire Messud's \"The Burning Girl\" is a novel about two girls, Cassie and Julia, who make each other who they are. Cassie's the bold one who looks for rules to break. Julia is the voice of caution and conscience who'd like a little of Cassie's daring. We had one mind, as Julia recall, and could roam its limits together. They grow apart in middle school. Cassie hangs out with the more conspicuously popular crowd. Julia's hurt but becomes aware that Cassie is on the verge of disaster. Julia may be the one person to help pull her back.","\"The Burning Girl\" is the latest novel from Claire Messud, author of \"The Emperor's Children\" and other acclaimed novels. She's also taught creative writing and special programs at many colleges and joins us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks, Scott, for having me.","What's the special intensity of being BFFs as youngsters?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The bond between Cassie and Julia is strong and special, even though they grow apart in middle school.","questions":"Which two characters in the novel have a close bond despite growing apart in middle school?","answer":"Cassie,Julia"}
{"text":["Before the pardon, he was thinking about working through the Justice Department to help Arpaio off. And this was not because, necessarily, the merits of the case. The Washington Post reports that this was because the president saw Arpaio as an ally, a loyalist who needed to be protected.","You mentioned Congress comes back after Labor Day. Do you think Republicans go it alone and maybe pass what laws they want and then send them up to President Trump for his signature at this point?","When it comes to tax reform, Congress will take the lead. The White House is not trying to outline the details. Look for Congress to try to set where the rates are on corporations and on individuals and just try to get the president to sign it so he can maybe get a victory. That's what they've been seeking in Congress. They weren't able to get health care through. They're going to try to get a simple tax care package through.","Robert Costa is national political reporter for The Washington Post. Robert, thanks a lot."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.","questions":"Which turn in the conversation is referring to tax reform?","answer":"Taxreform"}
{"text":["That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid. As a kid, he was - he hung around all the time with African-American kids. Those were his playmates, even in Hyannis. He was - he, you know, Father Feeney - when Father Feeney said no salvation outside the Catholic Church, he railed against that, which was so extraordinary in that very Catholic family.","You know, Ralph Bunche - he insisted that that great African-American statesman get to speak to a integrated audience at UVA when he was in charge of the lecture series down there. There's all kinds of evidence of Bobby in the beginning being a liberal in the best sense of that word. And I think it just came more to life after Jack was gone and after the old man was out of action.","Will American voters these days - and donors and journalists, for that matter - let a public figure change in public the way Robert Kennedy did?","Well, I think the hardest thing for him - and to me, the sweetest part of the book - was his evolution on Joe McCarthy. There's no doubt that he loved the guy. It came through right to the end when he was driving in the car at National Airport. And Kathleen, his young daughter, said he was so stricken by the news that McCarthy had just drank himself to death at Bethesda Naval Hospital that he drove around the airport three times. He was just distraught."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) There's no doubt that he loved the guy.It came through right to the end when he was driving in the car at National Airport.And Kathleen, his young daughter, said he was so stricken by the news that McCarthy had just drank himself to death at Bethesda Naval Hospital that he drove around the airport three times.He was just distraught.","questions":"What news was Robert Kennedy distraught about when he drove around the airport three times?","answer":"McCarthy"}
{"text":["Well, we approach this as sort of a three-front challenge. We changed policy in this state last year. Seven bills were passed that give us more control over prescribing. It gives law enforcement more authority over pills coming into the state. This litigation is going to give us money to deal with the epidemic. And lastly, when we identify prescribers who are being reckless with their patients. . .","OK.",". . . Or running pill mills, we're prosecuting them.","All right. That's Oklahoma State Attorney General Mike Hunter."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : We are taking strict actions against irresponsible prescribers.","questions":"How are the prescribers being dealt with?","answer":"Prosecuting"}
{"text":["Yeah, it's a peculiar thing. What John McCain has said was that his vote was consistent with his early view that we ought not be limiting the military options available, and that those options ought not be constrained and that using enhanced interrogation techniques are something that is useful to the military. But that, of course, contradicts what he has been saying on the campaign trail all along, which is that he's opposed to torture and opposed to these sorts of things. So there's a real inconsistency there, but John McCain seems to think that there is some way to reconcile his position.","So here's the huge question. Is waterboarding legal?What do you think?","Well, you know, that's a great question. You know, if you sort of go back and look at the history of waterboarding, at least in America with respect to prosecutions and laws that have been passed up, you get the growing sense that it is unlawful, that it is illegal, that it's you know, a violation of the U. N.  declaration of human rights. It's a violation of the U. N.  Convention Against Torture. It's a violation of the United States Detainees Torture Act of 2005. The CIA has said that it has not used this since 2003. It prohibited the use in 2006, and so on and so forth. So you would think that there seems to be some consensus growing that it is unlawful. And yet the attorney general has yet to define waterboarding as torture and illegal.","So why is it so hard to determine whether it's torture or not?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning is that there is growing consensus that waterboarding is unlawful and violates various international and US laws, but the attorney general has not yet defined it as torture and illegal. The words used may imply that the speaker thinks it is clear that waterboarding is illegal and the attorney general's inaction is troubling.","questions":"Which word may imply that the speaker thinks it is clear that waterboarding is illegal and the attorney general's inaction is troubling?","answer":"Troubling"}
{"text":["And now a holiday tradition from the Lone Star state. It's Santa's cousin from the barrio, Pancho Clause. From San Antonio, we're joined now by Rudy Martinez. He is one of many guys through out Texas who takes on the role of Pancho Clause. Merry Christmas, Rudy.","Merry Christmas to you.","So explain for us who is Pancho Clause.","Pancho Clause is Santa's cousin from the South."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to take on a role in this context means to act like a character.","questions":"What is the holiday tradition from the Lone Star state mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Santa's"}
{"text":["This is the people we hired to.","Yeah.","We paid off.","Yeah, well, I wouldn't call it that. I mean, what they - it's so unprecedented. The way insurgencies end and the way the Sunni insurgency has ended is that it just sort of fades away, then they either come into the political process, or they go into hiding. They leave the country. They just put their weapons and go back to doing what they normally did."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The way the Sunni insurgency has ended is not as simple as just being paid off","questions":"Which insurgency?","answer":"Sunni"}
{"text":["The smart way for communities to deal with the issue like that is to hearken back to what we were talking about with Jennifer Hudson. Make sure your community is a community. Make sure you know your neighbors and what is going on. Make sure you are making a conscious effort to deal with the distance and the attenuation that we have in our communities based on our mobility and technology. So if you know who's there, whose children are where, what's going on and if you have that sense of community, that is the quickest and best way to make sure your community can stay safe.","Judge Toler, great to talk to you. Thank you.","Good to talk to you.","Judge Lynn Toler is the star of TV's \"Divorce Court. \"She is also the author of \"My Mother's Rules: A Practical Guide To Becoming an Emotional Genius\" and she joined us from the studios of KJZZ in Tempe, Arizona."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to hearken back means to think back, or to think about what happened previously","questions":"Which phrase describes the best way for communities to stay safe?","answer":"Sense"}
{"text":["One last, I think, pretty blunt question we've got in 40 seconds left - why is President Trump more critical of Alec Baldwin than he is of Vladimir Putin on this week when Putin shows an animated video of Russian missiles smacking Florida?","I, you know - I think if you look at the President Trump style with ISIS as an example - he doesn't like to tip his hand. He was critical of the last administration by declaring departure dates, and so forth and things going on in the Middle East. And I think he's been tougher on Russia and Vladimir Putin than any other administration, at least the last two.","Really?","And so I would say, stay tuned to that. He's pretty predictable in that way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A suggests that Trump's behavior is predictable in certain ways.","questions":"How would PersonA describe Trump's behavior?","answer":"Predictable"}
{"text":["Yes. William Jefferson, going for his 10th term in the New Orleans district, was defeated by Anh Joseph Cao - that's spelled C-A-O - who will become the first Vietnamese American to serve in Congress. He's a Republican. He's a lawyer, very little known about him, very little campaigning done.","He is, in a sense, a kind of accidental winner here. What happened was that they had several phases of this election to winnow down an enormous Democratic field. Out of that big field, William Jefferson still emerged the favorite of the Democrats. This is a very heavily African-American district, at least historically. And he emerged as the Democratic nominee, Joe Cao as the Republican.","And here in the end, in a terribly small turnout on Saturday, in a turnout where visually, it appeared that the African-American community was very under represented, very small turnout, maybe one in 10. In that situation and with a lot, also, of the black constituents there voting for the Republican, Billy Jefferson was narrowly defeated, and we have a new congressman from New Orleans, a Republican named Joe Cao.","Well, we should note also that Congressman Jefferson is facing 16 federal indictments. Was that the main reason behind his defeat?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : a heavily African-American district' implies that the majority of the district's population is African-American","questions":"What was the ethnicity of the majority of the population in the district?","answer":"African-American"}
{"text":["Hopeful or not, I think the obvious answer is yes, I am a student of Zimbabwe, I am still very hopeful. But we are calling on President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa always been mandated by SADC to meet it in the Zimbabwe crisis, to look seriously in (unintelligible) and move away from this quiet diplomats which is not producing the desired result, and probably as the AU summit sits on Saturday with eight African leaders to take a position on Zimbabwe. The deployment of a peacekeeping mission is now long overdue. The people of Zimbabwe have suffered enough.","Clever, I want to thank you so much for talking with us.","You are welcome. Thank you very much.","Clever Bere is president of Zimbabwe's National Student Union. He spoke with us from Harare, Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Simultaneous use of soft-laser for exposure to the cochlea and administration of Ginkgo biloba extract for 4 weeks on a 20-50% of patients has been reported to be useful. Soft-laser mechanism of action is unknown, but it has been proved that light leads to athermic stimulation of biochemical processes","questions":"How long was the administration of Ginkgo biloba extract in the reported treatment?","answer":"4"}
{"text":["Thanks, Scott.","First, these current attacks. Based on reporting, is there a particular source for attacks against Orthodox Jews?","Well, it seems to be happening often from people who live in the neighborhood. We don't know that much about the perpetrators. What we do know is that people that live in Crown Heights don't tend to be white supremacists. And to judge from the footage of many of these attacks, at least some of the perpetrators seem to be young black men or teenagers. And perhaps that's one of the reasons that so many people want to avert their eyes from what's happening in places like Crown Heights.","Are they street assaults and robberies or hate crimes?Where are the lines in something like this?","Well, all we know is that the people that are being attacked are the most publicly, visibly Jewish people. And they're incredibly violent. Given that this has been happening in the city, there's been a sort of curious lack of interest on the part of New Yorkers, on the part of the mayor, on the part of the governor. Imagine if a spate of crimes had happened in a pattern like this against another minority - what the reaction would be.","Has there also been a national increase in anti-Semitic crimes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The person wants to know where the crimes are not taking place and who is not getting hurt.","questions":"Which question does the person in turn 4 imply about the response to anti-Semitic crimes?","answer":"Interest"}
{"text":["Yes. Not a lot of people, but if you go into the databases where all these academic reports are kept and where they reference each other, you find that a lot of these reports, other people did cite him. And sometimes I've gone in and looked at those later reports by other people that mention Trinkaus' reports. And it seems to me that many times they didn't really read his report. They just - they saw he did a report that's about something related to what they're doing and they mentioned him. There are a surprising number of studies in academia that are like that, that mentioned earlier reports by other people and it's not clear whether they actually read those reports.","In hearing about him, I feel like there are shades of the 19th century naturalists who just went around tallying the things they saw around - around them. Do you think he was inspired by that at all or thinks of himself that way?","I don't know whether he was inspired by them, but that has always struck me as being the type of person he is. He looks around. He gets annoyed at what somebody's doing or lots of people, and it makes him curious. He doesn't just sit there and fume and have steam come out his ears or nose or whatever. He sits there and he counts and he documents it, and then he publishes that someplace where other people can read about it.","But he doesn't, at the same time, make any arguments about it. He just sticks to the facts, huh?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Many academic reports are cited without actually being read.","questions":"What is the issue with the ways in which many reports are cited in academia?","answer":"Not-clear"}
{"text":["It doesn't want to concede to American pressure because it fears that if it concedes under pressure, that's going to project weakness and invite even more pressure. And so for that reason, you've seen, rather than Iran capitulating or compromising, they've begun escalating. But I think the endgame for both sides is - there's really no alternative to coming back to the negotiating table.","And there has been a string of headlines from the region involving Iran in recent weeks. This incident with the British tanker, of course, comes right after the U. S.  says it brought down an Iranian drone. Of course, Iran disputes that version of events. How connected are these events?","They're all interconnected. And essentially, the Trump administration's policy toward Iran has been to subject Iran to significant economic pressure and sanctions in the hopes that either Iran will come to the negotiating table and capitulate over its nuclear program or - I think there's some folks in the Trump administration, like national security adviser John Bolton, who would like to see the implosion of the Iranian regime.","And what Iran has done in response - Iran's supreme leader has been ruling for 30 years, and he's become pretty adept at these escalatory cycles. And he's adept at waving both the white flag of diplomacy and the black flag of radicalism and escalation. So on one hand, he sent his chief diplomat - Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif - he was recently in New York City, and he met with a lot of Western journalists. And he was talking about Iran wanting to pursue dialogue and diplomacy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There are no actual flags, the leader is adept at diplomacy and attacking others.","questions":"What is the leader of Iran adept at?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["The government sets the interest rates and so the banks can make a lot money. And if you're a Chinese person, you can't really get much of your capital out of the country. So where else are you going to put it?","One of the problems with the banks is that they tend to invest in state-owned enterprises. It's kind of part of their job, and it's less risky. But most of the jobs in China are really produced by private enterprise, as they are here in the United States. And it's much harder for them to get capital. So people are, in many ways, feelings that the economy is out of whack in a number ways and that there need to be some serious changes. The government knows this, but there are now very strong vested interests in state-owned enterprises and the banks. And so getting that done is not going to be easy politically.","And even some of those big industries who are in the, I guess, the equivalent of a China's Pittsburgh, the Steel City, and a couple of vast enterprises there, well, they've gone under.","The over-capacity in the steel is extraordinary, and the debt now is over $400 billion. It's actually owned by steel companies largely to Chinese banks. And it's going to take years to work through that over-capacity."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Chinese people face restrictions on moving their capital out of the country","questions":"How are Chinese people limited in their investment options?","answer":"restricted"}
{"text":["And it's interesting, your book had pictures of the hands of some of the great catchers of those days, gnarled and twisted. Anybody who played catcher could expect to be crippled - their hands - for the rest of their lives.","Exactly. And people would say, you know, I don't know what this guy looks like but just look for a catcher's hands. And as soon as you'll see - you see those hands, you recognize, oh, that's - that must be who it was.","Are there stories about Deacon White?You mentioned he traveled from team to team. I guess he had one fantastic year in Boston. But what kind of a man was he?Do we know?","He was a really high-character man. In a time when baseball had a lot of guys who spent their evenings drinking and carousing, Deacon - he was known as Deacon because he went to church and he was a Sunday school teacher. And family came absolutely first for him."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Deacon White was a man of high moral character who prioritized his family.","questions":"How was Deacon White known?","answer":"Deacon"}
{"text":["Before the pardon, he was thinking about working through the Justice Department to help Arpaio off. And this was not because, necessarily, the merits of the case. The Washington Post reports that this was because the president saw Arpaio as an ally, a loyalist who needed to be protected.","You mentioned Congress comes back after Labor Day. Do you think Republicans go it alone and maybe pass what laws they want and then send them up to President Trump for his signature at this point?","When it comes to tax reform, Congress will take the lead. The White House is not trying to outline the details. Look for Congress to try to set where the rates are on corporations and on individuals and just try to get the president to sign it so he can maybe get a victory. That's what they've been seeking in Congress. They weren't able to get health care through. They're going to try to get a simple tax care package through.","Robert Costa is national political reporter for The Washington Post. Robert, thanks a lot."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.","questions":"How does turn 1 in this conversation relate to the language used in the dialogue?","answer":"Literal"}
{"text":["Well, there's no doubt about that. So the near-Earth asteroids number about 500,000, but we only know of 9,000. And the reason that they're so interesting, Ira, is because they are actually energetically easier to reach than the surface of the moon. So we've been to the moon many times, and the moon is a great place, which is very worthy of our exploration. But just to give you an idea of how close some of the asteroids are, they're easier to reach than our own moon.","Yeah.","So they're not way out there in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. These are. . .","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The actual meaning is that there are only 9,000 known near-Earth asteroids despite there being approximately 500,000 in total.","questions":"How many known near-Earth asteroids are there?","answer":"9,000"}
{"text":["Justice Alito wrote a dissent that was more tailored to - the federal immigration law does have a passage that says states may cooperate in the apprehension or identification of illegal immigrants, and Justice Alito said if you just read the federal law, you might have thought most of these provisions could stand. So his was a more modulated dissent.","And this also, of course, comes in the course of a national election. Any idea which side may be energized by this particular ruling?","Boy, Neal, your guess on that one is as good as mine. My impression that President Obama - several things he's done certainly would have energized the Latinos and some younger people on the immigration issue, and my impression is there's some - another bloc of voters who are very troubled by illegal immigrants.","And Lamar Smith, the congressman and head of the Judiciary Committee, has a statement basically saying this is why we need a new, stronger Congress to pass tougher immigration laws here in Washington, thanks to - these kind of decisions show we need stronger laws out of Washington."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : And Lamar Smith, the congressman and head of the Judiciary Committee, has a statement basically saying this is why we need a new, stronger Congress to pass tougher immigration laws here in Washington, thanks to - these kind of decisions show we need stronger laws out of Washington.  The turn does not have a figurative meaning different from its literal meaning.","questions":"How does Lamar Smith feel about the need for stronger immigration laws?","answer":"Stronger"}
{"text":["That's right. The discussions we've had about whether the First Lady should have worn clothing by black designers for her husband's inauguration is still creating a lot of traffic. Aljory Stallings(ph) wrote us this on our Web site, I am completely irritated on this trivial commentary on this issue. I wonder if the black designers who were complaining about this realize that by doing that, they are cutting off their noses to spite their faces.","Flora Gayle(ph) chimed in with this, I think she needs to get some credit for almost always wearing American designers. I am not black, but I do work in fashion. I think before we start judging this, we should look at how many black students are going to fashion school. I wish there were more.","And Dianne Truckenberg(ph) wrote in to say, I am concerned with the concept drawing lines for black versus white, for fill in whatever topic. Insistence on basing decisions on whether or not something or someone is of a certain race will certainly bring back racial tension.","And then last week, we had a discussion about spanking with Judge Lynn Toller. Well, that topic raised a lot of listener hackles. Here are a few letters that summed up the debate. Christopher Watson(ph) sent us this, I sat in my car shocked as I listened to your program talk about spanking. I'm a 33-year-old black male who was spanked as a child and has since worked for several organizations fighting domestic and sexual violence and child abuse. I was slack-jawed as I heard two highly educated adults advocate child abuse."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The discussion on spanking raised concerns among listeners and caused shock among advocates against domestic and sexual violence and child abuse.","questions":"What topic caused shock among advocates against domestic and sexual violence and child abuse?","answer":"Spanking"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And that's something that my father always stressed upon my sisters and me and that we've all thought it's very important that you should be engaged in the process. In this case it is a political process, because the process of electing our government leaders is one that will have a direct impact on whether we're here and what we do here. So it's fine to criticize, but at the same time if you're not engaged in the process I feel that's a real discredit to everything you try to protest against.","Do you sense a great excitement among the men and women there about the election?","Well, there's certainly a lot of open questions, a lot of us are wondering if Barack Obama's elected versus John McCain and vice versa, whether that will have an effect not just on this tour, but on future military careers because we have a lot of soldiers and a lot of officers who are planning to make a military career and I'm not one of them. I'm going to be leaving active duty when we return from this tour.","But for those soldiers especially, the big question now is, when and how soon they'll have to deploy to Afghanistan. Because many of these soldiers are on their third, some even on their fourth tour here to Iraq. And so now they're looking at another open ended involvement in Afghanistan. And so they've got a lot of questions about that and so we're really just curious right now what both candidates - what decisions they'll make."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Being engaged in the political process is important for protesting against things you disagree with.","questions":"Which process?","answer":"Political"}
{"text":["Yes, I do. And one of the ways it could be would be to have more women in the House and in the Senate. We saw back in the early 1990s after the Justice Clarence Thomas controversy, Anita Hill's allegations - led a lot of women to say, why weren't there more women on that committee passing judgment on Anita Hill's accusations?- because there was not a single one. They were all men. And why can't we have more representation for our gender when we are, after all, half the population?","That led to the so-called Year of the Woman - 1992 - in which a record number of senators who were women were elected and a large new number in the House. And that we have seen somewhat rise and continue to rise. And the number of women who are in the Senate today is the highest it's ever been, but it's still a minor fraction. And it's still a minor fraction in the House. And as women become more politically active, they become more politically attuned - they are seeing these things, and they are realizing that they need to be represented in Congress to have full power and full equality in this society.","NPR's Ron Elving, thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2). The literal meaning of (2) is that a record number of women were elected to the Senate and House in 1992, and there has been a gradual increase since then. However, the implied meaning is that there is still a significant underrepresentation of women in Congress, and more needs to be done to achieve full equality and representation.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of the dialogue's turn 1?","answer":"Equality"}
{"text":["We're going to talk through this now with Jamil Jaffer. He was a lawyer in the White House under President George W.  Bush. And he was senior counsel to the House intel committee. He joins us now. Welcome back.","Thanks, Lulu. Good to be here.","All right. We have the Democratic memo. What have you learned from reading it?","Well, look. I think that what we've learned is there's a real debate here between the two sides about the substance of this application on Carter Page, the FISA application and the three renewals. And, you know, what was going on here?According to the Republican memo, it was a highly slanted investigation. Information from this dossier, which has largely been discredited now, was used to obtain the surveillance.","And for the Democrats, you see a response that says, no, in fact, there were lots of sources of information. The memo was but one source and that this was a long, ongoing investigation long before they even heard about the memo. And we ought not believe the Republicans' claims. And so we have a very clear now debate. The American people can read both memos and have a honest discussion about, you know, who has the right of this here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Republican memo was biased and used unreliable information.","questions":"How was the Republican memo described?","answer":"Biased"}
{"text":["Wow.",". . . Actually the night he died. So he was a very well-respected young person by our staff, by our students and our community. And, you know, it was a very shame that that did happen.","I'm so impressed. I gather the youngsters themselves in your school came up with the idea of electing them king and queen. I got to tell you. . .","Yeah, you know, you think about social media as something that's bad sometimes. Well, they - her friends and his friends kind of started a little social media thing and the adults weren't even totally aware. And they wanted to - they wanted to have them be king and queen. Now, it wasn't, you know, the whole school. It wasn't everybody. It was a very tight group of kids that really. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : I'm so impressed. I gather the youngsters themselves in your school came up with the idea of electing them king and queen. I got to tell you... Implicated Meaning: B is expressing admiration and surprise. The phrase \"I'm so impressed\" indicates that B finds the idea of the youngsters coming up with the idea of electing a king and queen to be impressive. B's use of \"I gather\" suggests that this information was not explicitly stated but was deduced or inferred by B. It implies that B is intrigued or fascinated by the youngsters' initiative.","questions":"Which word best describes PersonB's reaction to the idea of the youngsters electing a king and queen?","answer":"Impressed"}
{"text":["The downside to getting more attention, like Marco Rubio, is more criticism. And he seems to get more direct criticism from his opponents as he rises in the polls.","No question. The young senator from Florida, though, is really the hot ticket in New Hampshire right now. He is expected to do no worse than third. He's certainly in the running for second John Kasich is also in the running here. Everyone coming up, of course, a little behind Donald Trump still at this point. But it's Rubio who has the national momentum then going on into South Carolina if he does well in New Hampshire. South Carolina is on the 20th. And he'll have real appeal in Nevada on the 23rd.","What about Bernie Sanders?His lead in the polls just seems to be growing. According to reports, he might be on \"Saturday Night Live\" on Saturday night, just before the vote. Hillary Clinton tried to suggest that just because he's a guy from next door in Vermont.","You know, he was well-known here from the start of course. But there's so much more to it than that. His numbers are still going up at this point. And even for Democrats who expect Clinton to be the nominee eventually, Bernie is still their feel-good vote. He is a get-it-off-your-chest vote. And, you know, Democrats have never really liked a coronation. They want a contest. And Clinton is not connecting to voter concerns on an emotional level. And she's not communicating a clear message either here or elsewhere in the country. That's why the national polls have narrowed. And you know it's going to be hard to tell Larry David and Bernie Sanders apart tonight."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Marco Rubio is facing increased criticism from opponents as his popularity rises.","questions":"Which senator is expected to do no worse than third in the New Hampshire polls?","answer":"Rubio"}
{"text":["I would like to say I have confidence because my experience at NBC with that network and with that company - overall very good. And I have - you know, I hold them in high regard. I do feel that if it was going to be thorough - and you want to find out how that behavior continued for so long unchecked, as they say - then you would have to go back to at least, based on my documentation - that it can go back to the year 2000. So for me, I'm not filing a lawsuit. I am not trying to bring any more shame to him. But I do think that if they really want to get to the root of how this was allowed to happen for so many years, then you would have to come to me and ask how it all started.","Matt Lauer has since released his first statement to The Post. What did you think when you read it?","I thought it was very defensive. I thought - I think he is still feeling sorry for himself. I think that it's really sad if he doesn't view what he did as coercive or an abuse of power.","Have you spoken to Linda Vester, the woman who's made the allegations against Tom Brokaw?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The behavior of the company should be investigated since it continued for many years.","questions":"What year does the behavior under investigation go back to?","answer":"2000"}
{"text":["And tell us a bit about the ocean bed.","It's a bit rockier than the Rockies. It's that sort of terrain. The location they're looking at is at the foot of a huge mountain. That mountain rises about three and a half kilometers. That's about two miles up from the sea floor. So it's on a really quite steep terrain. We don't know whether the seabed there is muddy, silty - in which case things can sink into the seabed - or whether it's rocky. We've got better maps of the moon's surface for this area than we do of the seabed itself. So, you know, if someone said to you, this is on the moon, we could tell you what the terrain was like. We don't really know what it's like here. We don't have detailed maps.","I have a lot of respect for the Royal Australian Navy, but has anybody ever been able to pick up something this deep in the ocean before?","The technology is there, but it's rare. And there isn't - there aren't that many vehicles that can operate at these sorts of depths."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the speaker is not simply talking about the rarity of technology or vehicles that can operate at great depths in the ocean. The implied meaning is that it would be difficult for anyone to locate something as deep as the object they are discussing. This is because the technology is rare and not readily available.In turn (4), the speaker is not simply talking about the rarity of technology or vehicles that can operate at great depths in the ocean. The implied meaning is that it would be difficult for anyone to locate something as deep as the object they are discussing. This is because the technology is rare and not readily available.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of turn 3?","answer":"Difficulty"}
{"text":["And so when two clumps of free protons and electrons hit each other, they will slow each other down. But dark matter has no charge. That's why we can't see it because the only reason you and I could see anything, it's because there's charges that are being accelerated. That's what light is. But if something has no charge, it doesn't give off light.","So yeah, so in the Bullet Cluster, dark matter and galaxies stayed together just as they should, and in Abell 520, they do not, and that is a mystery as to why exactly that is. There isn't a comfortable explanation that can be readily arrived at.","Is there a theory about what may be happening, or just - you have to just think about it some more?","Well, so there's a number of things that could be happening. All of them are slightly disturbing."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) The speaker is asking if there is a theory about what may be happening with regards to the behavior of dark matter.","questions":"What is the PersonA's concern regarding the behavior of dark matter?","answer":"Theory"}
{"text":["Well, it was a a very powerful scene. Francis stood with his head bowed in prayer next to the Armenian apostolate patriarch and a group of black hooded Orthodox bishops while musicians performed a mournful melody on an ancient Armenian flute that's called the duduk. Here's what it sounds like.","The memorial itself is very impressive - 12 tall, slanted slabs of rock that suggest figures in mourning in a circle around an eternal flame. Francis prayed, and then he wrote in the memorial guest book, here I pray with pain in my heart so that never again will there be tragedies like this. He went on - may God protect the memory of the Armenian people. Memory should never be watered down or forgotten. Memory is the source of peace and the future. And I've heard a lot of Armenians who are mostly Orthodox express admiration and thanks that the leader of the Catholic Church acknowledges their history and loyalty to the Christian faith.","Before the pope landed in Yerevan, I gather he met with reporters on the plane. And he was asked about the subject of the past couple of days - Britain's exit from the European Union. What did he say?","Well, he looked very pensive, and he said this was the will of the people. He added this requires a great responsibility on the part of all of us to guarantee the good of the people of the United Kingdom and also the good and coexistence of the entire European continent."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : He added this requires a great responsibility on the part of all of us to guarantee the good of the people of the United Kingdom and also the good and coexistence of the entire European continent. - This implies that all of us have a responsibility to ensure a positive outcome for both the UK and the EU.","questions":"Which outcome requires responsibility from all of us for the good and coexistence of both the UK and the EU?","answer":"Outcome"}
{"text":["But there are an unestimated huge number of them that are already in circulation and, one would presume, if they were to be outlawed, an underground market. I mean, does the bump stock just go far enough?","Well, I don't know. I mean, look, I think most Americans do support an individual's right to own a firearm. I certainly do. Now, the issue then becomes, you know - I don't think it's practical to suggest that we could have some kind of gun confiscation movement in this country. There are just probably hundreds of millions of firearms that are owned privately.","I wasn't suggesting that. But I mean, what about limiting the number of weapons or rounds that can be contained in a magazine, which used to be the law.","Well, that's a debate we will likely have. Some states have moved in that direction. But I would suggest that the other issue that many of us are talking about, too, is continuing to enhance background checks for the purchase of private sales of firearms. That is an issue that many of us are advancing. Pat Toomey and Joe Manchin advocated for legislation a few years. I had strongly supported it. Now, I don't want to suggest that, you know, enhancing background checks in any way would have stopped what happened in Las Vegas. From what I've learned so far, I mean. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Background checks should be enhanced for the purchase of private sales of firearms to help prevent tragedies similar to Las Vegas.","questions":"What is an issue that many people are advocating for to help prevent tragedies similar to Las Vegas?","answer":"Confiscation"}
{"text":["So after the wasp sneaks under, it stings the tarantula. Then what does the wasp do?","Paralysis sets in almost instantaneously. In a second or two the tarantula is completely incapacitated, but still alive. And the tarantula hawk will then drag that tarantula to a burrow. So this could be the tarantula's own burrow. It could be a burrow that the tarantula hawk has dug itself. And it'll drag the tarantula down in there and place the tarantula upside down and it'll lay a single egg on the body of the tarantula. In a few days, that egg will hatch and the larvae will begin to feed on the living tarantula.","And the spider is still paralyzed.","That's right. So interestingly enough, if the egg doesn't hatch, the tarantula can actually recover and go on its way. But more often that larvae will hatch and eat its way into the living but still paralyzed tarantula, and it'll feed on that tarantula for several weeks. And at least some species will selectively feed on non-vital organs first to keep the tarantula alive longer."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"And the spider is still paralyzed.\" implies that the previous statement about the tarantula being completely incapacitated but still alive was correct, and that the paralysis has not yet worn off. However, the statement itself is quite literal in its meaning.","questions":"Which insect drags the tarantula down to a burrow?","answer":"Tarantula"}
{"text":["Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me.","One of the things you've written about is complicity in the power establishment. But also, you believe some women have been complicit - people you call game girls.","I do indeed write about the way that many of the women - including myself - many of the women I know are wrestling with the ways in which we have participated in this system or not participated in this system. So many of us - if not all of us - have engaged in this in one way or another, whether we were the objects of harassment or assault, whether we decided to stay silent and not report assaults - sometimes in an effort to not get the backlash that many women got when they did file complaints. But if we did that, then did we enable the perpetrators to do it to other women who are our younger colleagues or who came after us?If we did not participate - if we rebuffed, did that hurt our careers?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) can mean \"Many of us have participated in this system in some way, whether we were the victims of harassment or assault, or if we chose to stay silent, which may have enabled perpetrators to do the same to other women.\"","questions":"What are some of the reasons women might choose to stay silent about assaults?","answer":"Backlash"}
{"text":["You mentioned that your narrator offers to help translate this project, the book of collateral damage. This, too, resemble something you've done in real life because you have translated other people's works from Arabic into English. Are you also thinking of that as an act of preservation?","Definitely. Its preservation. It's a creative act. And because the - one of the bright aspects of the history of our species is the exchange and transmitting beauty from one cultural sphere to another. And it's a deliberate act, and if I had more time, I would do more translation.","Given. . .","I also translated my previous novel, \"The Corpse Washer\" - I translated it from Arabic to English."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : exchange and transmitting beauty from one cultural sphere to another means it can be done differently and extraordinarily  ","questions":"How does \"exchange and transmitting beauty from one cultural sphere to another\" allow for creativity?","answer":"translation"}
{"text":["The attitude of the West and of Russia towards a crisis like Ukraine is diametrically different. The West is trying to establish the legality of any established border. For Russia, Ukraine is part of the Russian patrimony. A Russian state was created around Kiev about 1,200 years ago. Ukraine itself has been part of Russia for 500 years, and I would say most Russians consider it of Russian patrimony. The ideal solution would be to have a Ukraine like Finland or Austria that can be a bridge between these two rather than an outpost.","Mr.  Kissinger, every time we interview you, we hear from people who object, who say they have no interest in your opinion because of your role during the war in Vietnam, especially the bombing of Cambodia and Laos. How do you answer that?","They should study what is going on. I think we would find, if you study the conduct of guerilla-type wars, that the Obama Administration has hit more targets on a broader scale than the Nixon Administration ever did.","Is there not, though, a difference between a drone attack and carpet bombing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Please expand upon your thoughts and discuss what your experience has been to-date with the availability of dementia-related information.","questions":"What type of crisis is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Ukraine"}
{"text":["For smart kids. We're talking with Laura Overdeck on SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. Her book is \"Bedtime Math: A Fun Excuse to Stay Up Late. \"Do you think grown-ups can enjoy it, to learn something when they're reading this to their kids?","Oh, sure. We actually have a whole crowd of adults who follow our website who do them as a brainteaser.","Mm-hmm. Do the kids fall asleep if they're thinking about a math problem?Does it get them sleepier or keep them awake?","You know, I'll tell you, I have three really lively children, so if it can calm them down, it can help anybody. That might have been, actually, how we started doing it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the adults do the math as a way to get their brains stimulated.","questions":"What do the adults do as a brainteaser?","answer":"Math"}
{"text":["Congressman, welcome. Thank you so much for talking to us.","Thank you so much.","So the State Department put out a joint statement last night. It said in part that - I'm quoting here - \"Mexico will take unprecedented steps to increase enforcement to curb irregular migration\" - end quote. And those steps include deploying its National Guard to Mexico's southern border. So what other actions does the U. S.  expect Mexico to take?","Well, let's keep in mind that Mexico right now is stopping about 250,000 people a year on the southern border. That is, they hold them, and they deport them back on the southern border. So that's a quarter of a million people that would be coming to the United States.","You know, I assume they're going to hopefully stop some of those buses where they have people coming in from the southern border, and they get quickly to the United States, or if it's a caravan walking that they will start dispersing those caravans. And I've heard that in the last couple of days, that is what they're doing. They're holding people more in the southern border. And I think that's one way they're going to be helping the U. S."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Mexico will start dispersing caravans and holding people more at the southern border to help the US.","questions":"How will Mexico help the US curb irregular migration?","answer":"Dispersing"}
{"text":["We can say she grew up. She had a daughter of her own who became curious about family secrets kept from both her and her mother for decades. That daughter is Laura Cumming, and she's the author of \"Five Days Gone. \"She joins me now from London.","Laura Cumming, welcome.","Thank you.","Start with the kidnapping, which is absolutely central to the book you've written. It was not central to your mother's life. She was only 3. She had no memory of it. And she didn't even learn of it until she was well into middle age. Is that right?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The phrase \"central to the book you've written\" in this context does not literally mean that the book is physically located in the center, but rather that the kidnapping plays a major and important role in the narrative of the book. Similarly, the phrase \"well into middle age\" does not refer to a specific age range or point in time, but rather a general time period when someone is considered to be middle-aged.","questions":"Which phrase in turn 3 has a figurative meaning?","answer":"a"}
{"text":["(Reading) You and your partner go to see the film \"The House We Live In. \"You asked a friend to pick up your child from school. On your way home, your phone rings. Your neighbor tells you he is standing at his window, watching a menacing black guy casing both your homes. The guy is walking back and forth talking to himself and seems disturbed. You tell your neighbor that your friend, whom he has met, is babysitting. He says, no, it's not him. He's met your friend, and this isn't that nice young man. Anyway, he wants you to know he's called the police. Your partner calls your friend and asks him if there's a guy walking back and forth in front of your home. Your friend says that if anyone were outside, he would see him because he is standing outside. You hear the sirens through the speakerphone.","Ms.  Rankine, are these encounters all things you've experienced?Or is it a mix of experience and imagination?","There's no imagination, actually. Many of the anecdotes in the book were gathered by asking friends of mine to tell me moments when racism surprisingly entered in when you were among friends or colleagues or just doing some ordinary thing in your day.","I mean, it must've been hard emotionally cataloging these racist verbal attacks, both for you and for your friends, and to get them on paper."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 4 - Implied meaning: Was it difficult to document the experiences of racism and the corresponding emotions?","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue refers to the emotional difficulty of documenting experiences of racism?","answer":"4"}
{"text":["Well, we knew something was going to happen. We were preparing for it, but you didn't know where. And we were all set to jump on the - would be the take-off on the flight - night of the 4th, so D-Day would have been the 5th. But it was pouring rain, so it was held off for 24 hours. But we all were laying on these cots. And the cots were right next to each other. You're talking about 500 cots in this big hangar, so it was a pretty rank place after a while.","Smelled pretty bad?","It smelled mannish, yeah.","Mannish. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : D-Day  implies the mapped out date or the fixed date for the event ","questions":"What was the planned date for the event?","answer":"5th"}
{"text":["Tomorrow marks the end of the longest presidential campaign to date. This election looks like it might break all voter turnout records, and plenty of civil and voting rights groups are out there working to make sure you have a place to turn if you're having trouble voting. One of them is the NAACP. In September, Benjamin Jealous became the youngest man to lead the country's oldest and largest civil rights organization. He's got plenty of information about how to protect your vote. Ben, how are you?","I'm doing well.","So you are the head of this storied organization that has had so much to do with African-Americans in voting. You think about where we've been in the past decade with the contested 2000 election. What should people know firstoff about going to the polls and doing it in a way that protects their vote?","You know, there's really two things that I say to folks. You know, first is that you should be prepared, you know. You should really think about the time you need and make sure, you know, if you need to have somebody to watch the kids that you just take care of it. This is one of the most important things that you'll do in the next year, and just be prepared."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase protect your vote means to ensure that you are able to exercise your right to vote and aren\u2019t subject to racism","questions":"How does Benjamin Jealous suggest preparing for voting?","answer":"think"}
{"text":["It is an example of how we can work together, from the scientific side, to generate very good data and answer the hard questions. As (inaudible) asked - are the things we do really impacting positively?It is also an example of how governments have worked together. When President Obama, Prime Minister Harper and the President Pena Nieto got together a couple of years ago, they signed this agreement. They established a high-level committee that has been working for these years. And we really wish we could have more of those cases. It certainly is an example to follow.","Just to remind our listeners, though, the numbers are still way down from where they were 20 years ago, so there's still a long way to go.","Jorge Rickards is field programs director from the World Wildlife Fund in Mexico. Thanks so much for speaking with us.","It's a pleasure. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the World Wildlife Fund in Mexico's field programs director, Jorge Rickards, has expertise and valuable insights to share on the topic of wildlife conservation.","questions":"What is Jorge Rickards' role in the World Wildlife Fund in Mexico?","answer":"Field"}
{"text":["Given what's going on now with credit and with the world, financially speaking, do you still think you made the right choice to go there?","Oh, yeah. It's a rare day that I regret it here; very happy I made the switch. We're optimistic. Brazil goes through cycles like this. Each day's bringing us closer to the next boom.","Brian Willott is a farmer in Bahia, Brazil. Thank you, Brian.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Despite the current financial situation, A is happy with the decision to switch to Brazil and optimistic about the future.","questions":"What is PersonA's attitude towards their decision to switch to Brazil despite the current financial situation?","answer":"Optimistic"}
{"text":["OK. So, speaking of the Senate and Senator Obama, he will resign his seat on Sunday. His replacement will be appointed by the governor of Illinois, Rod Blagojevich. Who are the likely candidates, and who's likely to actually be appointed?","Well, the most likely candidate and the person most likely to be appointed is Jesse Jackson Jr. , the congressman from Chicago. But there are a range of candidates, and it's quite interesting because, as you know, the governor is in political hot water himself. His numbers are very low. There's all sorts of talk of investigations and the like.","So, the question is, would he, potentially, maybe appoint somebody who's a close ally in the state legislature?There's the 73-year-old Emil Jones. Then, what about pressure from the Hispanic community?There's Congressman Luis Gutierrez. And there's also talk about Tammy Duckworth - Tammy Duckworth, who runs the Veterans Affairs Department for Illinois, and she is a double amputee and close to Obama. But there are also people who might be potentially opponents for the governor going forward, like the attorney general, Lisa Madigan, or the treasurer. So, there's all these kinds of angles to the game that are very interesting. But it looks at this moment, most likely, that you're going to end up with Jesse Jackson Jr.","OK.  And Juan, what was your best political conversation of this week?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There are many potential candidates for the Senate seat","questions":"Which position will the governor of Illinois appoint someone to?","answer":"Seat"}
{"text":["They were part of the crew of the USS Monitor, a celebrated Civil War ship that helped open a new era in naval warfare. The ship was ironclad, powered by steam instead of sails, and supported a rotating gun turret. The Monitor sank in a storm in 1862. Sixteen of 62 men on board went down with their ship. They were thought to be lost forever until 2002. The Monitor was being restored and the remains of two of the sailors were discovered in the turret. We're joined now by historian Anna Holloway. She's curator of the USS Monitor Center in Newport, Virginia. Thank very much for being with us.","Well, thank you so much for having me.","What do we know about these two sailors who have finally been buried?","Well, we still don't know their names, and that is one of the ongoing mysteries about these two heroes of the USS Monitor. However, as you mention, 16 men went down with the vessel, so there are 16 possibilities. Now, forensics tells us a little bit about them - their relative heights, their ages and their race - so that does narrow it down a bit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are no turns in the given conversation that have a meaning different from their literal meanings. All the turns convey their literal meanings without any implied or figurative language.","questions":"Which turn in the conversation contains a reference to a \"rotating gun turret\"?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["Correct.","Yeah. So we'll have to wait to see how that happens. Thank you very much, doctor, and good luck to you.","Well, I'm delighted to be with you and your audience. Thank you very much.","You're welcome. Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa is professor of neurosurgery and oncology, director of the Brain Tumor Stem Cell Lab at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : good luck to you means you hope they do well ","questions":"How did PersonB express their gratitude towards the doctor?","answer":"nice"}
{"text":["The government sets the interest rates and so the banks can make a lot money. And if you're a Chinese person, you can't really get much of your capital out of the country. So where else are you going to put it?","One of the problems with the banks is that they tend to invest in state-owned enterprises. It's kind of part of their job, and it's less risky. But most of the jobs in China are really produced by private enterprise, as they are here in the United States. And it's much harder for them to get capital. So people are, in many ways, feelings that the economy is out of whack in a number ways and that there need to be some serious changes. The government knows this, but there are now very strong vested interests in state-owned enterprises and the banks. And so getting that done is not going to be easy politically.","And even some of those big industries who are in the, I guess, the equivalent of a China's Pittsburgh, the Steel City, and a couple of vast enterprises there, well, they've gone under.","The over-capacity in the steel is extraordinary, and the debt now is over $400 billion. It's actually owned by steel companies largely to Chinese banks. And it's going to take years to work through that over-capacity."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Chinese economy is not balanced and requires serious changes","questions":"Which Chinese industry has a debt of over $400 billion?","answer":"steel"}
{"text":["That's right.","Their due, and they would make great traveling companions, you're saying. You know, we once had a piece of moss - we've done a show on moss before, and we got some samples of moss, and we've just stuck them out on the porch, and they lasted for years all by themselves just sitting there.","They do, they do.","Yeah, it's really interesting. Do they produce anything for humans?I mean if you took them along on the Mars trip, could you eat them?Why would you bring them along to Mars?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Asking for the purpose of bringing moss to Mars","questions":"What is the purpose of bringing moss to Mars?","answer":"utility"}
{"text":["Oh, yes, they're going to do it, like, regional. You know, so that'll be able to reach more people throughout the country, which is good because not everyone can make it to D. C.  And it doesn't start in D. C. It starts in every community where the blood flowed for our freedoms.","Well, Tim Chambers, thank you for stopping by and sharing a little bit of your story with us. Thank you.","My pleasure.","That's Marine Corps veteran Tim Chambers, also known as the Saluting Marine."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The blood flowed for our freedoms refers to the sacrifices made by soldiers for our country's freedom.","questions":"What does the phrase \"the blood flowed for our freedoms\" signify?","answer":"Sacrifice"}
{"text":["So right now, there are multiple congressional committees investigating this issue. We've got them on the House side. We've got a couple on the Senate side. I guess I want to know why is there a need for multiple investigations, and how do these congressional investigations differ at their core from what Special Counsel Robert Mueller is conducting?","Well, Senate Intelligence looks at intelligence matters primarily. Senate Judiciary looks at matters that fall under the broad scope of the Judiciary Committee. All these congressional investigations differ very much in function from what the Special Counsel Mueller does. Mueller works in secret and long, long deep studies of things like finances. And he doesn't bring his results public. If he finds something that's really important, he won't let you know until it's time to indict somebody. Whereas, the congressional committees when classification allows them to be in the open, they live for open hearings. They want people to know what they found.","And what about compelling witnesses to testify?The subpoena, is that a last resort thing or is it just a negotiating device?","Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning. The literal meaning of this turn is explaining the different types of subpoenas used in investigations and how they are effective in obtaining witness testimony and documents.","questions":"How do subpoenas help to pin the witness down?","answer":"Truth"}
{"text":["And we start today's program with an Easter Sunday tragedy in Sri Lanka. Coordinated bombings this morning killed more than 200 people and wounded hundreds more. The explosions happened in churches and in hotels popular with tourists. NPR's Lauren Frayer has been monitoring the situation from Mumbai, India, and she joins us now on the line.","Hi, Lauren.","Hi, Sacha.","Could you tell us what more you know since this morning about these bombings?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"what more you know\" - This turn literally means \"what additional information do you have,\" but it implies that the person being asked already has some information about the bombings, so it is asking for further details.","questions":"How does turn 3 imply that the person being asked already has some information about the bombings?","answer":"Implications"}
{"text":["Well, I was doing some research at the - looking at the finding aids of the Ransom library in the University of Texas. And they have, like, a great, great, great number of works of Steinbeck over there. And when I did some more research, I looked and I said, oh, my God. This has been tucked away in a vault for 60 years. It was not released in English.","I contacted the Steinbeck estate, and I was lucky enough to get a yes because in my line of work, you can do all your homework, do all your research - and not to mention all the tears - and then you may get a very simple no. But. . .","So it's good when you get the yes.","It is. It is. It's rare but, you know, that's - those are the moments of life with you and - moments of your career which you savor."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : moments means periods of time they liked in life","questions":"How does PersonA describe the moments of their career that they savor?","answer":"rare"}
{"text":["That's something that has come up quite a bit.","Agreement's vacated if he. . .","Precisely, yeah.","Yeah. As someone with your experience, knowing lawyers on both sides, I gather - has the prosecution laid out a convincing case in the couple of weeks it's had?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The agreement is no longer valid if he... (implied condition)","questions":"What condition would make the agreement invalid?","answer":"Implied"}
{"text":["You know, I think that - I haven't been so inspired to do anything and get so involved since Clinton, you know, when I was working grassroots for that campaign. And for this, you know - I've always kept my work about hip-hop and jazz and the urban experience. My work is really about celebrating urban life. And to me, Obama represents that. He really does celebrate urban life and he's someone that's very relatable.","You have this beautiful picture in your book about a jazz quartet or quin. . .","Quintet.","Quintet. And although you're dealing with the hip-hop sensibility, you also - it's easy to see how it relates to a jazz and blues sensibility. Why did you do that work?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is interested in the connection between jazz and hip-hop in A's work.","questions":"How is PersonB intrigued by the relationship between which two music genres in PersonA's work?","answer":"nice"}
{"text":["And a very talented sister who I think is quite equal to the task of containing Schwarzenegger.","Well, here is my question to you. You talked about the state controller, who - you are very correct - said that he would defy the governor's order and not roll back those salaries. But can he do that?Can he get away with defying the governor in this way?","Well, he has his own constitutional authority, and I think that this may be a case that goes to the California Supreme Court. I mean, if he chooses - now, the challenge will be this. If he chooses not to issue checks on Schwarzenegger's executive order, can checks be issued at all?And that's a constitutional question. I don't know the answer to it. But you have these two key state officials clashing, both of them elected by the people of California. And I fully expect that there will be a compromise before the 1st of September, Tony. Again, I think that the governor is posturing. The governor has always been a fiscal conservative. He is not pleased with the way the budget negotiations are going. So he is making a point.","And he is making it, apparently, on the backs of some of the state workers, it appears."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This statement implies that the governor's actions are negatively impacting some state workers.","questions":"How are some state workers affected by the governor's actions?","answer":"Negatively"}
{"text":["And those two factors - genetic variation and large populations - are perfect recipes for Darwinian evolution. So RNA viruses evolve very quickly. They adapt very quickly. If they pass from one species of host into another - for instance, from a bat, or a monkey or a rodent, into humans - they seem to have a better chance of flourishing, of adapting to the new host and finding ways to transmit onward. So the RNA viruses, the single-stranded RNA viruses, are particularly on the watch list for the disease scientists who study this field.","I'm Flora Lichtman, and this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with David Quammen about his book \"Spillover. \"Are we reservoir hosts for viruses that have caused pandemics in other animals?","Well, certainly we've caused disease. It does go the other way. It can go either direction whenever there's fairly close contact. For instance, Jane Goodall's chimps in Gombe in Tanzania, in the late '60s, suffered what seems to have been a little epidemic of polio. A number of the Gombe chimps died.","And that polio virus is thought to be non-zoonotic. It's thought to be a virus that only affects humans, but it's capable of passing from humans into chimps. So it seems to have made those chimps sick and killed some of them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The polio virus can pass from humans to chimpanzees.","questions":"How did the polio virus affect the chimps in Gombe?","answer":"Sick"}
{"text":["How are you, Scott?","Fine, thanks, but I don't have to answer a lot of these questions from persnickety grammar people. Why was the internet capitalized in the first place?","Well, that's a good question. The internet is wholly generic, like the telephone or electricity. It never was trademarked. It's not based on any proper noun. And I think the best reason for capitalizing in the past may just have been the term was new. I read that at one point people, capitalized phonograph, so maybe it was something like that, but now it's a routine part of daily life.","Is it in anyway because to a lot of people, the internet is a place?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implies that there could be a specific reason for capitalizing the internet, beyond simply being new, such as the fact that to many people, the internet is seen as a place.","questions":"What reason is suggested for capitalizing the internet beyond simply being new?","answer":"Place"}
{"text":["Oprah can pass the mantle anytime and still be a billionaire.","Definitely.","And an entrepreneur, multimedia business owner. Nonetheless, if you are that good at something, it's got to sting a little bit, doesn't it?","See, I don't think it does. I think that Oprah is at a point in her career and in her life where she's done what she wants to do. I think that that's why she felt comfortable coming out for Obama, because I think she understood that that might affect her ratings. I think, she felt like, you know what?This - I've succeeded far beyond anybody's expectations, so now I can take a stand and take the hit, if there is one to come. So, I think she's fine with it. I think she is looking forward to her next, you know, sort of you know, plateau, on, like, where she goes from here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Oprah can retire or step down from her current position or role as a successful entrepreneur and multimedia business owner, and still maintain her status as a billionaire.","questions":"What can Oprah maintain even if she retires or steps down from her current position or role?","answer":"Billionaire"}
{"text":["Well, Freedom Caucus has 40 votes. There are more than 200 House Republicans. Shouldn't you compromise with them?","Well, sure, and we're more than happy to. The way this will end up is that we will end up with a speaker that all of us support. It may be Paul Ryan. It may be somebody else. But keep in mind that the things that we're arguing for are things that most people in the conference want. One of the things that struck me since we started this debate I guess about two weeks ago now are the number of moderates and centrists in my party who have said to me, you know what?","We want the same thing. We're frustrated with this lack of process. We're frustrated with just being a rubberstamp for somebody else's idea. And I think that's why you're seeing such a difficult time replacing Mr.  Boehner is that this lack of satisfaction with the job, the lack of satisfaction with what it means to be a member of Congress runs much, much deeper than just the conservative wing of the party.","So the way you explain it, this isn't over conservative principles. It's over mundane House rules."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the speaker suggests that the difficulty in replacing Mr. Boehner is due to a deeper dissatisfaction with the job and what it means to be a member of Congress. The actual meaning is that the conservative wing of the party is pushing for a more hardline approach on conservative principles, which is making it difficult to find a consensus candidate.","questions":"What is making it difficult to find a consensus candidate?","answer":"Conservative"}
{"text":["Now, you mentioned play acting. Is there any evidence to show that there's an interesting crime stories that can lead to some people to actually, you know, commit crimes like copycat?","Well, of course. And this is a concern. I wrote a book on violence in a workplace a number of years ago. And whenever, we see an act of violence in the workplace, there's always going to be a copycat somewhere in the country. Let me just quickly say this though. We saw in the inauguration of our new president, Obama, an amazingly hopeful thing. More than a million people, I don't remember the exact number, stood together and there wasn't one arrest.","That's right.","Now, that is an amazing thing. Nowhere in America does that take place except there. So, we have to be thinking that his words choose hope over fear demonstrated with more than a million people staying together and no crime being committed, you know, is a story for the future of hopefulness. But I think that speaks to another element of why we're fascinated with crime, Tony, and that's the sense of compassion. Either you believe people are good or believe people are bad, I believe people are good. But I think that one reason that we are interested in crime is because it allows us to feel our compassion, not only a compassion for the victim but sometimes compassions for the perpetrator."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Is there any evidence to show people will commit crimes similar to what they read or see. The person says that anytime there is workplace violence in one location another person will do the same thing in another location.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the inauguration of President Obama?","answer":"Hopeful."}
{"text":["Lastly, Mara, I have to ask you because it just seems that, week after week, tensions between this administration and the press grows more hostile. You're in that White House briefing room day in and day out. How would you describe the atmosphere?","The atmosphere is tense and contentious, but it always has been between the White House press corps and the press secretary. I think that the Trump administration has taken this to a new level. You have a president who considers the media a foil, calls the mainstream press the enemy of the people, fake news, dishonest, disgusting, horrible people. So part of his political strategy is to demonize reporters and the media. So, of course, that's going to show up in the briefing room.","That's NPR's national political correspondent, Mara Liasson. Thank you, as always.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president thinks that the media is out to ruin him and makes them out to be evil.","questions":"What does the president call the mainstream press?","answer":"Fake"}
{"text":["Thank you. I know that you've been recently honored with the Outstanding Contribution to Television and Film Award at this year's BAFTA Awards in Scotland. Congratulations.","Well, thank you very much. It took me by surprise.","Really?They took you by surprise and took you all the way there?","Yeah. (Unintelligible) I'm in a very strange position because I'm almost 70 and I - people are giving me sort of good attendance prizes. . .","Well, that's what I call them. Good contribution prizes or something they call them, I don't know, you know, for your outstanding achievement over the years. I think it really means you're getting old, go away."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The 'good contribution prizes' are actually a polite way of telling you to retire","questions":"What does the speaker call the prizes they receive for outstanding achievement?","answer":"Attendance"}
{"text":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The president was showing a lack of seriousness for the Puerto Rican crisis.","questions":"What impression did the President leave in Las Vegas?","answer":"Crisis"}
{"text":["How did you feel when you found out, this summer, about the abuse of children that was going on in Pennsylvania not far from places you knew?","Yeah, it hurt reading the report because I was reading about these parishes that I went to growing up. I was born in '96, so growing up, you would hear kids joke about, oh, you know, priests molesting kids and whatnot. But I never knew that there was actually a - anything behind that. I just sort of thought it was people making fun of a religion. And then I didn't learn, honestly, until recently that the abuse scandal is something that was real and something that the world has known about since - what?- I think it was the early 2000s, whenever the Boston Globe or whatever that newspaper is broke the story. I didn't know that that was a thing. It wasn't something I'd ever been exposed to, so I wasn't really aware of the fact that this is a problem that was going on in my church. You know, it's unthinkable.","And it's hurt your faith?","I think that's a difficult thing to answer. I will say that it has hurt my faith in the Catholic Church. I don't think it has actually hurt my personal, religious faith. I'm just starting to see less of a connection between what I believe and the teachings of the Catholic Church."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker's faith in the Catholic Church has been damaged by the abuse scandal, but their personal faith remains intact.","questions":"How has the abuse scandal affected the PersonA's faith in the Catholic Church?","answer":"a"}
{"text":["Joel Rising has surely had this experience. Many frequent travelers have, a screaming baby on the airplane. But what's that baby doing there anyway?Is it safe for infants to fly?Doctor Sydney Spiesel is a pediatrician and a professor at Yale Medical School, as well as a contributor to slate. com. And when we spoke earlier, I asked him if a new study out on this topic had any answers.","What the study says is, if you have normal kids, yes, you know, when you're flying, the air pressure goes down in a plane. It's as if we were walking around the top of a mountain that's maybe 5,000 feet.","The amount of oxygen that's available for absorption is about three quarters because of the lower pressures. About three quarters of that - of the same amount as sea level. And young children we know don't do quite as well with lower oxygen levels as older. But, in fact, millions of kids fly, and they really fly quite well without problems.","And no problems for their ears?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the literal meaning of \"if you have normal kids\" suggests that the study is only applicable to children who are not abnormal or have any medical conditions. However, the actual meaning is that the study is applicable to healthy children who do not have any pre-existing medical conditions that may affect their ability to handle lower oxygen levels.","questions":"How does the literal meaning of \"if you have normal kids\" differ from its actual meaning in turn (2)?","answer":"Applicable"}
{"text":["I don't want to give away how your story seems to resolve itself toward the end, but I think a lot of people would ask you why do you even talk to your mother now?Why do you care what she thinks?","Oh, my God. I love my mother to death, and I'm a writer and I'm a black, American writer, and I would not be a writer, a reader or teacher had my mother not loved me enough to instill a practice at an early age. And this book, in some way, is like her investment coming full circle. She really believes that reading and writing can save us. And I don't know if that's true, but I know I'm a writer. I know I'm an American reader, and I wanted to use my words to try to talk to her and try to tell her that we can be better. We can be better if we give ourselves a chance to walk honestly together. And that's what I tried to do with this book.","Kiese Laymon - his book, \"Heavy: An American Memoir\" - thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you so much for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : having me implies hosting me and having someone as a guest","questions":"Which turn implies that the host has a guest?","answer":"0"}
{"text":["Well, yes. As you said, I'm at 17,000 feet in the Atacama Desert. And this place is wonderful for viewing because it's so high, so the - most of the atmosphere is - well, it's not most below us, but a lot of it is below us. And the air is very dry, and the wavelengths that people want to study, the stars and galaxies at - up here, there's very dry air, and the wavelengths are not - they're coming through clear because water vapor absorbs wavelengths that they're interested in, so they want to get as far away from water vapor as they can. So they're up high. And there's other places here besides the Atacama that are in the Andes - very high, very good viewing - or seeing, as they call it in astronomy.","And is that why, as you told us, that half of the world's major telescopes are in Chile?Is that why they're all there?","Well, yeah. It's because it's a great location. And the one I'm at right now is not one of the major telescopes. It's a smaller one. It's called CLASS - the Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor. And what it's doing is looking for signals, traces of the earliest moments of the universe that were laid down in something called gravitational waves. Those gravitational waves have a certain property known as a polarization, and it should be possible to see that polarization left behind in the wavelengths that they're studying at CLASS. That's what they're doing here.","So where else have you been on this trip?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Atacama Desert is a great location for viewing stars and galaxies because of its high altitude and dry air.","questions":"What is the reason for the dry air in the Atacama Desert that makes it a great location for viewing stars and galaxies?","answer":"Absorbs"}
{"text":["Yes, it might take time. It might take a long time. It might - the effort to do that might outlast a presidency. If that's true, all the more reason to begin this now so that we can see results in my lifetime.","So this is a hugely ambitious proposal that you are laying out now. And there will be people who ask, why is it that a two-term mayor of South Bend, Ind. - a town that many Americans won't have even heard of - a white guy, is the person who can heal America's deepest wound that has caused hundreds of years of inequities?","Frankly, it's twice as important. If you're a white candidate, it is twice as important for you to be talking about racial inequity and not just describing the problem which is fashionable in politics but actually talking about what we're going to do about it and describing the outcomes we're trying to solve for. I think we'll know we're getting somewhere when this is not regarded as some specialty issue that candidates of color talk about or that we only talk about when addressing voters of color.","This is a conversation that, frankly, white America needs to have too because white America needs to face the roots of these inequities and the fact of systemic racism all around us. It's the air we breathe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : whites refers to the Europeans and Americans and not just a color","questions":"How does the term \"whites\" in turn 3 expand its meaning beyond just a color?","answer":"race"}
{"text":["I want to start with this relationship that is still taking shape between President Trump and Speaker Ryan. They got off to a rocky start. Have they settled into a relationship where they can actually get anything done?","No. But I think it's. . .","To be blunt.","That's all I have to say about that. No, it's an odd marriage. It's one that I don't think anybody - either party or any of the people around them - thought would happen. And so it's been uneasy from the beginning. I think the Obamacare repeal-and-replace debacle from last month really kind of put it into focus that these are two men who just don't have a lot of the same interests or motivations. And so next week is going to be interesting in terms of trying to get some of those agenda items through. I would put more money on getting the government funded than on any sort of health care bill.","But there's - it's a difficult relationship because they just don't see eye to eye on much. And - the president has an agenda he's trying to pass. The speaker is trying to corral 216 or so Republicans who all have different interests as well. There's just not a lot of communication between the two groups."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : In turn (5), \"corral\" is a figurative expression used to describe the speaker's efforts to gather or control a group of people with differing interests, rather than literally herding cattle.","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of the word \"corral\" in turn 4?","answer":"Gather"}
{"text":["Germany - you want to look out for Germany. They've won two World Cups, too. But the Germans are having some issues. The reigning FIFA world player of the year, Nadine Kessler, she's out after knee surgery. One of their star midfielders broke her leg. Of course, we can't forget about Japan. Japan are ranked fourth, but they're the reigning World Cup champions. A talented young player to keep an eye on is 20-year-old Asisat Oshoala from Nigeria. She just won the BBC's female footballer of the year award. Not so young as the Brazilian team, but the team. . .","But Marta - they've got Marta.","Exactly, they got Marta. She's the best player in the world - FIFA's footballer of the year five times. She's so good she doesn't need a last name, Scott. She's just Marta.","She could balance of Volkswagen on her foot. She's that good."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"she doesn't need a last name\" - This turn is a metaphorical expression that implies that Marta's reputation and talent are so significant that she is recognizable by just her first name. This statement is not meant to be taken literally.","questions":"How is the turn \"she doesn't need a last name\" meant to be taken?","answer":"Metaphorical"}
{"text":["He says he's thrilled, but he doesn't want to celebrate too much because he worries about other academics who are having a tough time.","Mark Shaleki(ph) used to work in a recording studio owned by Capitol Records.","But as we all know, the music business was in a tailspin even before the recession hit.","So Mark opened his own studio. He charges his clients less, but he says he's making more money than he did working for the man.","Theresa Tomas was laid off at a bank. She was working for the man. She had been there for five years, and then she contacted a company that she had worked for back when she was in college."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The music business was losing a great deal of money with end in sight.","questions":"How was the music business before the recession hit?","answer":"tailspin"}
{"text":["Ritualized.",". . . ritualized into something much larger.","What did you find?You lived there for months. You've learned a form of Indonesian close to their own Asmat tongue. Were they ashamed about what had happened to Michael Rockefeller?","If you ask them, they don't want to talk about it. They say yes, we used to be cannibals, but we don't want to talk about that. We're not cannibals now. They have been converted to Catholicism, but they also have multiple wives and live in this rich spirit world that is outside of Catholicism. So it's very difficult to get them to talk about actual cannibalism and Michael Rockefeller, in particular. They're frightened to talk about it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 4) where the phrase \"rich spirit world\" implies a complex and vibrant spiritual existence that is not necessarily tied to Catholicism, even though the literal meaning of the phrase may refer to a literal world of spirits.","questions":"What was the Asmat tribe's attitude towards cannibalism?","answer":"Yes"}
{"text":["I think as friends, the guys that were there, we took it a lot harder than anybody else. But yup, I have.","What about life in the United States after you've been in a war zone?When you come back and you put your foot on American soil, I'm sure that there are a lot of emotions. What are some of the different things that happen to you as you ease back into civilian life?","I don't think there's an easing to it. You say put my foot on American soil. As soon as I stepped off that plane in Indianapolis, I fell face forward onto the tarmac and started hugging the ground because I was so happy to be home. I guess the hardest part, especially being a convoy commander on the road, is dealing with traffic out on the expressway. It's kind of scary there because you're constantly scanning the roads, and, you know, you see people up behind you, tailgating you. And me, I get upset because, you know, I'm doing it now. When you talk about it, it flashes through your mind.","You want to push people out of the way because in Iraq, we had total control of the road. We owned the road, and if you got in our way, we'd push you off to the side. But here, at home, you can't do that. That'd be classified as road rage, and I have to watch my attitude when I'm driving, still."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The phrase \"push you off to the side\" is figurative and means to physically force someone to move out of the way. The speaker is using this expression to describe their aggressive driving style in Iraq, which is not acceptable behavior on American roads. The phrase \"watch my attitude\" is also figurative, as it means to monitor and control one's behavior and emotions rather than their physical posture or demeanor.","questions":"How does the speaker describe their driving behavior in Iraq?","answer":"Aggressive"}
{"text":["It's a natural product obviously. So a big thing in bikes is getting them aligned. And they said one of the things that took them years to figure out at Valid Cycles was how they get these poles all straight. So they had to build their own jig. I know that our bike geeks out there are going to like this.","Bike geek. They're going to love this.","Yeah.","But one of the question I need to ask you, as a bike geek yourself. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The people that are very involved with and interested in bikes will like them.","questions":"What type of people will like the information about Valid Cycles' bike alignment process?","answer":"bikegeeks"}
{"text":["We got hit pretty hard with the recession. And when people aren't making money, they're not spending money.","And they're certainly not eating ice cream.","And they're not eating ice cream. So the more people make, the more they come down here and vacation from all over the world - general improving in the economy. I think there's a lot of confidence in the new administration that's in there. It seems like it's pro-small business, you know?There's a window manufacturer right next to where we're at, and they are swamped right now. And they say the same thing. It's, you know, people are confident. They're not holding onto their money. They're investing it in the economy.","May I ask you, did you vote for President Trump?","I didn't vote Democrat or Republican because I just - I'd had enough of the spatting back and forth. I'm prior military, so I support our president no matter who it is. But I didn't like the personalities of it, so I didn't vote for either one of those two.","Some of the owners that were surveyed were saying that there were some concerns - cost of health insurance, lack of qualified workers. Well, what are the things that you're concerned about right now that may hold back your business?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Eating ice cream is a luxury item that people can't afford during a recession.","questions":"What is the item that people are not eating during a recession?","answer":"Ice-cream"}
{"text":["Good to talk to you.","How important an event was this that Mr.  Kim missed?","It was a very important event. It's an event in a mausoleum where his father, previously ruler of North Korea is buried, interred, and so is his grandfather, the founding leader of North Korea. So it was a big deal. Kim Jong Un has not been seen since September 3, when he attended a concert in Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea, with his wife.","Before that, he'd been seen frequently, but always waddling with a really bad limp. He was clearly in discomfort, and finally the North Korean authorities said he is in physical discomfort. So there's something up. We don't quite know what. The speculation is he's had surgery, he's ill, ranging right through to there's been a coup, and he's lost power or certainly being shunted away from power. That's the speculation.","Now, we're talking about somebody who - as my recollection is - he's on television every two minutes. So this must be a tremendous vacuum in the lives of North Koreans."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies that Kim Jong Un is either ill or has lost power, ","questions":"What is the speculation regarding Kim Jong Un's absence?","answer":"Speculation"}
{"text":["The government said the first round of elections didn't produce a majority. That meant a runoff, but since the runoff plan was announced, locals have died or been beaten in election-related violence. International reporters and diplomats have been detained or expelled, food aid for malnourished people has reportedly been confiscated by the government, and Tsvangirai has faced threats and government detention during his campaigning. In fact, Tsvangirai was just released hours ago from yet another detention. We spoke with the Zimbabwean opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai, shortly before his latest detention. He shared his perspective on the election, and told us about the work he is doing with the American-based media outlet MTVU.","You have stood for election, seen that the government says that you did not win a majority, been detained, waited for a runoff. What was the moment when you most despaired during this process of the election and the post-election?","I think the most despairing moment was the waiting for the results, when we knew that we had won the election, and that the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission was not announcing the result. I think it was the worst moment, of waiting.","How do you think the MDC supporters are doing right now?Have people - there have been widespread beatings, detentions. Do you think that people are still willing whenever the runoff actually happens, to go out and vote?Or are some people going to be too afraid?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The government rigged the election and caused violence.","questions":"How was the first round of elections affected by the violence caused by the government?","answer":"Affected"}
{"text":["But you're right, the visual representations that she makes are stunning. She has beautiful people dressed very fashionably, speaking in this, you know, very outspoken, opinionated way. And I had just never seen this, and when I looked up some of the references about her, I could find much on her. So I made it my job to gather up all I could find, and ended up writing a book.","You have a picture in the book of her with Duke Ellington in the mid-'50s at a party. That shows - you know, and she's, you know, there on his arm. And so she must have had quite a standing in the community.","Well, she did. She was known for putting on fashion shows in South Side Chicago, where she lived. She was very well-dressed, and, in fact, later, some of her cartoon comic strips would have paper dolls with high fashion in them. So she was very keyed in to the fashion world and to fashionable people.","Her husband, Earl, managed upscale hotels in the South Side, because at this time, entertainers, travelers, businesspeople of color could not get a room in The Loop. So there were several elegant hotels on the South Side, and Earl managed one of those. They lived in the hotel. And I think from there, as well as from her own stature as a cartoonist whose work was read every week coast to coast, she did gain a lot of stature and a lot of friends."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - The literal meaning of this turn is that there is a picture in the book of Jackie Ormes with Duke Ellington, and it suggests that Jackie Ormes had a high standing in the community. However, the implied meaning is that Jackie Ormes was a prominent figure in the community who was associated with famous and successful people like Duke Ellington, which further emphasizes her influence and importance.","questions":"What was Jackie Ormes' husband's profession?","answer":"Hotel"}
{"text":["They are fanatical about football hooligamisn in the same way that some people are fanatical about fine wines or foreign languages or current affairs. So they took their inspiration from the birthplace of football hooliganism. They're dedicated to their art of ultraviolence. They don't drink. They don't smoke. They work out specifically for, like, these encounters, as they call them.","Why do they want to be perpetrators of violence?","They say it's a way proving themselves. It's just another form of contact sport, you know?They have a tradition called wall on wall, which was when residents from two areas would gather and walk towards each other. And the object of the game, as it were, was to take out your opponent - take them out as in knock them down or render them unconscious. And as one football hooligan said to me, like, football hooliganism was made in Russia, it's just an extension of this wall on wall pastime.","How upset is the Russian government over what's been happening among Russian fans in France?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of the turn is asking why they want to cause violence, but the implied meaning is asking why they find violence appealing or attractive.","questions":"Which meaning of \"Why do they want to be perpetrators of violence?\" is implied?","answer":"Attractive"}
{"text":["Well, the information we're getting, as you said, comes from the UAW. Specifically, it comes from UAW Vice President Terry Dittes, who's been offering up some occasional updates to UAW members. And on Friday, Terry Dittes sent out a letter saying they had made good progress in the talks, and that was a great sign. You know, the strike has dragged on for three weeks, going on the fourth week now. And this was one of the first signs that there had been progress.","But by Sunday, that had completely changed, and Terry Dittes said this time that, in fact, they had taken a step back, and the union could not be more disappointed in GM, and what he explained happened was that there was an offer on the table. UAW responded, made its counter offer, taking into account a bunch of things. And what Terry Dittes said is, on Sunday morning, when GM responded to that latest offer, GM basically didn't respond at all. It just reiterated its previous offer and didn't address anything that the UAW had brought up.","So they seem to be at a stalemate. It seems like things are not going well right now.","OK. So we have the union's version, maybe a little bit less from GM's side. But in any case, no doubt that they don't have a deal and people are still on strike. So what have you seen and heard when you go out and talk to workers?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The progress lets people know there is hope for a resolution. People refusing to go to work unless their demands are met has lasted three weeks.","questions":"How long has the strike been going on?","answer":"Three"}
{"text":["Yeah. So the brain obviously is functioning at a much higher level, but we should understand that the brain alone is not causing the weight loss. The brain's metabolism is causing for different reaction to occur in your body, like increased stress, like loss of appetite, like disturbed sleep patterns. And because of all of these different factors that the brain is setting off - that is the reason they're losing weight.","I want to talk about world champion Magnus Carlsen from Norway. You learned about his training regimen. Tell me about the moment he realized that he needed a competitive edge and what he did to get it.","Yeah. So it's interesting with Magnus Carlsen - he realized early on that fixing small things, like what he drinks during the course of a game, will alter the way he functions, especially in the last hour or so of the game. And so one of the things that was really fascinating about this was when I was talking to his dad. His dad was like, oh, we went to the Olympic Training Center. And they were told immediately that the orange juice that he was drinking was causing for the sugar levels to take a huge dip in the fifth and sixth hours of game. And so they were asked to replace that with milk.","Meaning he'd have a little energy crash. So the idea is you need to keep yourself sustained with something that gives you energy but won't have the crash and that you need to do that even if you're not skiing, right. . .","Exactly. Exactly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : having an energy crash implies that a person runs out of energy all of a sudden.","questions":"What does an energy crash mean?","answer":"Fatigue"}
{"text":["So him and two of his friends were watching Anwar al-Awlaki videos online. And they decided they were going to go join primarily the Taliban. And they traveled to Pakistan. When they got there, they met a number of different connectors and ended up with - actually, with al-Qaida. And al-Qaida realized the benefit of these three Americans that were there. And they sent them back to commit an attack here.","There seems to be real agreement between prosecutors and the judge that Zazi is a changed man. What happened?","Yeah, so when Zazi got picked up in the fall of 2009, he immediately started cooperating. And from then on, for the last 10 years or so, he's cooperated against a number of high-profile trials in the U. S.  - the third in command in al-Qaida, another American and a British operative. He cooperated with law enforcement over 100 times, did interviews there. They described his cooperation as extraordinary, some of the best they've seen in terrorism trials.","Do we know why?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Zazi did not change physically but changed his personality.","questions":"How did Zazi change?","answer":"Cooperated"}
{"text":["I would disagree that they are a gift. You know, for one thing, they are going not necessarily to the insurance companies. They're ultimately going to low-income Americans to help them afford their co-payments and afford their deductibles. So, you know, on that level, they don't seem like a bailout or a gift to the insurance companies. They are required by the law. The law requires these subsidies to be made. So they're really - you know, I see them as part of the Affordable Care Act and not necessarily a bailout.","The president has also said, Sarah, that the insurance companies, in his words, made a fortune with Obamacare. Is that true?What do the numbers show?","The numbers are a lot more mixed. The best data on this probably comes from the nonprofit Kaiser Family Foundation, which looks at quarterly margins - so how much insurance companies have each quarter leftover after paying out all those claims. In 2014 and 2015, insurance companies had a quarterly margin of just about $20 a person. That's not a ton of money. It's gone up as the Obamacare markets have stabilized.","In 2016, it was about $90 a person, so it's definitely getting better. But the insurance markets - you know, I've covered them since they launched. And they've really been a very rocky experience for insurance companies financially. They didn't know how to price at first. People were sicker than they expected. It's only in the past year that insurance companies have made decent profits there, but I think of them as a mixed bag when it comes to financial performance."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Insurance companies did not make a significant profit from Obamacare in the beginning.","questions":"Which quarter had an improved quarterly margin compared to 2014 and 2015?","answer":"2016"}
{"text":["We got a few letters about the interview you did with Rick Warren this week. Celine Welch(ph) in Fort Worth, Texas, wrote into say she was a fan of the show, but not of the interview you did with the influential pastor.","Celine wrote, you began by asking him about rumors that McCain may have heard the first part of the show. Regardless of what he said, there was no way for Warren to know what was happening with McCain while Warren was on stage. What you should have asked was, why did you tell the audience at the beginning of the forum that McCain was in a cone of silence when in fact he was in a motorcade on the way to the church. That's something Warren needs to account for.","Then Thomas Tenhave(ph) in Philidelphia, Pennsylvania, had a different take on the interview. But he still thought we missed some topics. Farai Chideya did an excellent job interviewing Rick Warren, however, as with most of the media, it rarely hones in on misstatements. Ms.  Chideya failed to ask Mr.  Warren why social justice concerns were such a low priority, that they weren't raised because he ran out of time. Really?Once again, social justice takes a back seat to abortion, foreign affairs, and gay marriage. So much for Mr.  Warren's attempts to separate himself from the Christian right.","This month we're doing a series on addiction. Listener Anise Rice(ph) wrote in to say. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The interviewer should have asked about the misleading information provided by Mr. Warren about McCain's whereabouts.","questions":"Which PersonB from Philadelphia had concerns about the interview's focus on social justice?","answer":"Thomas"}
{"text":["Yeah. And it was supposed to be this sort of message of unity, right?We're all on the same page with this. And the president sort of flips the script, as he often does. And we're not just seeing this disconnect with Russia.","No. There are so many other examples. Last week, the president tweeted that he wanted Attorney General Jeff Sessions to, quote, \"stop this rigged witch hunt\" - in other words, the Mueller investigation - \"right now. \"But Sessions didn't do it. And then his - the president's top lawyers and his press secretary rush out to say, oh, he wasn't giving an command to anyone. And his FBI director Chris Wray has been on the record saying he doesn't think the Mueller investigation is a witch hunt.","Same thing on Iran. President says he talked to the Iranians without preconditions. Hours later, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo lays out a whole lot of preconditions. The president threatens to shut down the government over the border wall. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell comes out and says nope. We're not shutting down the government.","And it's not just Trump's administration, right?We also saw this extraordinary message coming from his wife, the first lady."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The rigged witch hunt is something that is fixed so that a person looks guilty of something when they are not.","questions":"What was the President's tweet about?","answer":"Mueller"}
{"text":["Well, thereafter, we may be singing Christmas carols in the Capitol. It's brinksmanship, of course. They're just trying to get everybody focused and trying to get everybody to actually vote for the basic spending bills, get Congress to do their routine business. It's not routine, though, because Republican leaders can't get enough of their members to vote for spending bills. So they need Democratic votes to get the bills across the finish line. And those come with a price tag, including, for example, the issue of the DREAMers, the. . .","Yeah.",". . . People who were brought here by their parents when the parents came to the country illegally.","And how do they breach the differences between the House and Senate bills, when the promises some Republican Senate leaders made to get the votes of, say, Susan Collins of Maine and Jeff Flake of Arizona, seem to be no longer - are not contained in the House version?And the House leaders say nope, we're not going to have them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : seem to be no longer - are not contained in the House version?And the House leaders say nope, we're not going to have them,\" respectively.","questions":"Which group of senators are mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Exchange"}
{"text":["I don't know what you make of a recent letter some ICE special agents sent to Homeland Security Secretary Nielsen asking that the branch of ICE that deals with counterterrorism and drug trafficking, not deportations, be split off from the agency because of all the ill will.","Yeah. I have seen that. That was - that's an interesting consequence of another change that was made at the time that DHS was formed. In addition to splitting up the immigration entities, they also blended in the customs function. And so ICE is Immigration and Customs Enforcement. The same is true at the border. And that was a little bit of a shotgun marriage between the customs folks and the immigration folks that has not fully worked itself out. The customs people think that they have these - you know, they've got a separate set of responsibilities that are impeded by the immigration function.","Former INS general counsel Bo Cooper, thanks so much for coming in and joining us, sir.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"...a little bit of a shotgun marriage between the customs folks and the immigration folks that has not fully worked itself out.\" This turn is an example of a figurative expression. \"Shotgun marriage\" is not referring to an actual marriage involving a shotgun; instead, it is a metaphorical way of describing a forced or hasty union between two parties.","questions":"Which metaphorical expression does turn 1 contain?","answer":"Shotgun-marriage"}
{"text":["Good to be with you, Linda.","So we've got a ticket, at long last. What is Governor Pence's contribution?What does he bring to the table?","He has three things that Donald Trump lacks and needs. He has the trust of most social conservatives. He has a long history of working with other party leaders in Washington. And he has good relationships with the kind of Republican donors who have been shying away from Donald Trump up to now.","Which sounds sensible, conventional and not at all like Donald Trump."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implies that Governor Pence may have a valuable contribution to the ticket, and the speaker wants to know what it is.","questions":"How does Governor Pence's history help Donald Trump's campaign?","answer":"three"}
{"text":["There's that feeling - I mean, so many of us have parents in the industry. I mean, that's what this region is about, especially around Detroit, and Wayne State's in Detroit, the heart of Detroit. So, it's nerve-racking. Everyone is nervous. Everyone doesn't know what's going to happen next. We're all watching the news very closely. But at the same time, it's interesting, because with my generation, we almost seem to, kind of, not be as directly impacted. I mean, our family is, it puts stress on us, but the day to day of the university and the day to day at school doesn't seem to have changed that much.","I understand you have friends there who are engineering majors. Do they have any sense of what their future looks like, and will be it there in Michigan?","Everybody is secure in their choices and secure in their decision. Everybody thinks that the industry will come around, especially now with the news that GM is getting money from the government. And everybody is more hopeful, and I mean, the auto industry has always been one of the largest industries and a staple in America, and to think that that industry is just going to vanish, nobody is willing to concede that.","Alex Marinica is a junior studying at Wayne State University in Detroit. Thanks so much, Alex."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker believes that the auto industry will not vanish despite the current situation","questions":"How does the speaker feel about the future of the auto industry?","answer":"Hopeful"}
{"text":["Sure, the dollar's stronger today, and it really underscores what has been happening for several months now. The equity market is much lower today, and the dollar is stronger against most major currencies. And the reason for that is because it's what we call a risk averse trade or basically buy the safest thing you can find play. So, when the equity markets go down, people like to buy dollars.","And then large part is in this because so many other currencies around the world are doing even worse than we are.","Well, yeah. I mean, the other countries are doing worse, that's for sure. Europe has some serious problems, Japan, China, but what it boils down to really is where's the safest place to put your money on a short term basis. And time and time again, that ends up in short-term treasury bills in the United States because they're backed by full faith of the U. S.  government. Certainly, if you look across the planet, growth rates have dropped dramatically in the month of January, for instance. In Canada, they were down about 14 and a half percent, in Europe, down seven percent. But places like Brazil were down 30 percent, and Russia was down 45 percent.","Some economists read this as a bet that the U. S.  wasn't just the first country to fall into a mess but will also become the first one out of it. Do you agree?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The dollar is not physically stronger, but more can be bought with it now than before.","questions":"How does the dollar's strength compare to its physical strength?","answer":"Relative"}
{"text":["European companies and the European Union recognize that the dominance of the dollar in international trading gives the United States very considerable power. And I believe that the Iran episode is going to be a turning point. It will show Russia, China, India, the European Union the value of building up alternative mechanisms for concluding international trade that do not use the dollar in any shape or form.","So I think the United States is set maybe to use their excessive power on this occasion but, over the long term, to lose power. And I think that's right. It should be my country that decides what is lawful trade with any other country not the United States. And the United States' use of its dominance in international trading is totally intolerable when it seeks to place U. S.  law above the law of my country as to what my businessmen can do.","That's Sir Richard Dalton, former British diplomat now president of the British Iranian Chamber of Commerce. Thank you for speaking with ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The United States uses its power in international trade to exert influence over other countries","questions":"What is the turning point that will show the value of building up alternative mechanisms for concluding international trade?","answer":"Iran"}
{"text":["What's a fuel hedge?Explain that.","A fuel hedge is basically a financial contract that you buy in the commodity market where you essentially pre-buying fuel. So Southwest CEO, Gary Kelly, back in 2003, as the U. S.  was preparing to go to war in Iraq, just decided that the war in the Middle East wasn't probably good for oil prices, and he went out and bought a lot of oil ahead of time. Pre-bought it, and that has paid off in billions of dollars of profits for the airline.","And this continues from 2003?Do they continue to buy fuel ahead?Because the price of oil over the last year, I mean, it keeps going up and up. At some point you would think they would say we're not going to buy anymore.","You know it's fascinating because a lot of people thought Southwest hedges would fade out. They did make that big bet when prices were in the 30's, but they kept buying and they have continued to buy. They have most of their oil bought for this year at about 57 dollars a barrel. If you don't have hedges, you're right now paying about 120 something dollars a barrel. And they've bought fuel all the way out to 2012 as of today."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Southwest has continued to buy fuel ahead despite the rising oil prices over the years","questions":"What is the reason behind Southwest's decision to keep buying fuel ahead?","answer":"Anticipation"}
{"text":["No, no. It definitely can't. And the argument that you sort use is it's just growing too fast, and we're seeing it as it was six billion years ago almost. So if they grew that fast for six billion years, it would be just far too big.","Oh.","So it probably only lasts for a measly 100 million years or so.","Where do you go from here with this work?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) \"it's just growing too fast\" - This phrase is not referring to the physical speed of growth but rather the rate of growth over time.","questions":"How is the growth of the object characterized?","answer":"rate"}
{"text":["So, it sounds like, what you're saying, is that the two political parties, the two major political parties, have reshaped over time how they choose these representatives which then choose their representative for the race. How has this movement by the political parties set them up differently?","You mentioned a little bit about the winner-take-all system versus proportionality. What are these parties trying to do if you can kind of think in the form of a large institution?","Yes. Well, if you go back a generation or two, both parties pretty much chose their presidential candidates in what was often referred to as the smoke-filled room. In other words, you would go to the convention, there would be several people who wanted the job, they would be campaigning in a variety of ways, and they would have some delegates who they consider to be their delegates because there had been a few primaries. And there were a few primaries in certain states that go way back in our history through the 20th century - Oregon, Wisconsin, a few others.","And these people would then get to the convention - some of them pledged, some of them not pledged, most of them people who were party professionals or already office holders - and they would kind of get together at some point or another in some backroom and decide which one of the presidential candidates would be strongest. And that person, eventually, after several ballots, would get the nod."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This refers to an electoral system where the candidate who receives the majority of votes in a particular area or district wins all the available seats, rather than literally taking everything. Similarly, \"proportionality\" refers to a system where the allocation of seats or representation is based on the proportion of votes received by each party, rather than the exact meaning of the word.","questions":"Which system was referred to as \"winner-take-all\"?","answer":"Winner-take-all"}
{"text":["And that's despite the fact that medics there say they need more supplies, they don't have what they need.","Well, again, we have a very long and porous border with eastern Congo. So knowing exactly where cases may come across is always a difficult thing to know. But we, the U. S.  government, as well as WHO and other partners, have been working very assiduously with the government of Uganda over the last 11 months while this outbreak has been going on in eastern Congo to help build their capacity. Supplies are always a challenge in terms of supply chain, moving things where they need to go. But we feel fairly comfortable that the ability to respond and respond quickly exists here in Uganda.","You mentioned this long and porous border. So the first case in Uganda was this 5-year-old boy who reportedly went to Congo, got the virus there then came back to Uganda with his grandmother, and they both passed. How are the borders being handled?Is security being stepped up?","Since the outbreak in DRC in August of last year, we have worked, along with other partners, with the government of Uganda, to establish screening along the border posts."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The borders are not secure enough to prevent the virus from spreading","questions":"What is the concern about the borders?","answer":"Response"}
{"text":["I am. I am. Otherwise I would've been scared to go fishing at the fishing places I was going to. Or I would've been scared to go hang out with my friends at the end of this road in the field, like, you know I'm saying?I didn't think - I didn't have to think about those things. I just got to be me and form my own opinions.","(Singing) See, I'm black. I'm not white, but I'm that. No. No. I'm this, right?I'm one drop of three-fifths, right?","Toward the end, you're questioning. You're like, wait, I'm this?No. I'm that?No. I'm one drop of three-fifths?And it struck me as unusual for you - an unusual way to deliver a song. Do you have questions about your identity?Are there things that, for you, are still not answered?","Well, to me, growing up, I was just an oddity no matter where I went. It was like - you feel me?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker feels like an outsider wherever they go.","questions":"What does the speaker feel like wherever they go?","answer":"Outsider"}
{"text":["The field is shrinking. That's the first thing that's happened. There are going to be 10 candidates and only 10. And for the first time, you're going to see the top three candidates standing next to each other in the center stage. That's Joe Biden, who's been leading the polls, Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders. And what most people are waiting to see is if there will be a Warren-Biden clash.","OK. So of those three candidates you just named, Joe Biden remains still at the top of the Democratic field. But he hasn't had really great debate performances. So the one question I have is, how much do debates really matter to the campaign?","You know, you can make an argument that the debates really haven't mattered much because look at Joe Biden. He's still on top of the field even though he has not had a good performance in the debates. Elizabeth Warren has moved up steadily, but not because of anything she did in the debates. It's because she's had all these plans, and she's performed well on the campaign trail. But in one sense, the debates are having an impact, and it's a negative one because the overall image of the Democrats and their policy ideas has gotten more negative among the general electorate as this debate season has gone on.","Interesting. The debates have not been great PR for the Democratic Party. Well, Elizabeth Warren has been gaining support the past few months. She's going to be facing Joe Biden onstage for the first time. What do you think her hardest challenges are going to be onstage?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The field is not getting physically smaller, it has less candidates. ","questions":"What is the first thing that has happened in the field?","answer":"Shrinking"}
{"text":["Underserved communities are neglected from the outside in. You know, we're talking about citizenry that have demonstrated a love for their community, have demonstrated a loyalty to the community and city as a whole, and they are the heart and soul of culture and cuisine for so many decades in New Orleans. And to let that go, means we've lost perspective of what is truly important in the society, and that's the root of what our culture is all about, you know, the intersection between people and life itself. And when we lose the priority of that, then we've lost our way as a city. And so the 9th Ward is emblematic of that. While a lot of the city is thriving, until the 9th Ward comes back, we won't be whole, and that's why we believe we should be there as a company.","A grocery store is not everything a neighborhood needs, but it is one of the things a neighborhood needs.","Mm-hmm.","Do you hope that, alongside the growth of Sterling Farms, will come those other necessities - a better school system, the infrastructure elements of sewage and power and water - everything that the people need to get their community going again?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the heart and soul of culture and cuisine\" In this turn, the phrase \"heart and soul\" is used metaphorically to refer to the essential and central aspects of culture and cuisine. It does not imply the literal physical organ of the heart or soul.","questions":"What is used metaphorically to refer to the essential and central aspects of culture and cuisine in turn 0?","answer":"Heart"}
{"text":["Good to talk to you.","How important an event was this that Mr.  Kim missed?","It was a very important event. It's an event in a mausoleum where his father, previously ruler of North Korea is buried, interred, and so is his grandfather, the founding leader of North Korea. So it was a big deal. Kim Jong Un has not been seen since September 3, when he attended a concert in Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea, with his wife.","Before that, he'd been seen frequently, but always waddling with a really bad limp. He was clearly in discomfort, and finally the North Korean authorities said he is in physical discomfort. So there's something up. We don't quite know what. The speculation is he's had surgery, he's ill, ranging right through to there's been a coup, and he's lost power or certainly being shunted away from power. That's the speculation.","Now, we're talking about somebody who - as my recollection is - he's on television every two minutes. So this must be a tremendous vacuum in the lives of North Koreans."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implies that the event was of great significance","questions":"What kind of event did Mr. Kim miss?","answer":"Mausoleum"}
{"text":["So the parents as well as one coach have agreed to plead guilty in connection with this scheme. And according to one of the plea agreements at least, they may serve a few months in jail as well as paying fines and restitution. And Felicity Huffman, the actress, as you heard, is one of the more high-profile people accused. But others, including Lori Loughlin, another actress from the TV show \"Full House,\" is among those originally accused who is continuing to fight the charges.","What are we hearing from the parents?","Well, two of those who plead - pled guilty today issued very contrite statements. Huffman's statement reportedly said, I am in full acceptance of my guilt - deep regret and shame. And she also reiterated that her daughter had no idea.","This story has gotten so much attention, and it seems to have really resonated with students and parents. Why do you think it has had such a big impact?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The parents and coaches involved in the scheme are facing legal consequences.","questions":"What are the consequences for the parents and coaches involved in the scheme?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["The director of the U. S.  Census Bureau, John H.  Thompson, announced his retirement this week in the wake of a disagreement with Congress over funding for the 2020 census. The census is conducted every 10 years. The results determine how many seats in Congress and electoral votes that each state receives, and it helps guide how more than $400 billion is spent each year on education, health and infrastructure.","We're joined now by Robert Groves. He's former director of the U. S.  Census Bureau. He's now the provost of Georgetown University. Mr.  Groves, thanks so much for being with us.","Good morning. Great to be with you.","Congress has approved nearly $1. 5 billion to fund the census this fiscal year, and it's supposed to be the same for next year. Is that enough?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The census results are of great importance to the allocation of resources in the United States.","questions":"How are census results utilized in the United States?","answer":"Allocation"}
{"text":["So, you know, it was a very, very gutsy move because he and I, we didn't have a quarter. And I'm sure you're saying, well, how did you open up a restaurant without any money?Well, my grandmother, who was in her 90s, was gracious enough and had enough faith and confidence in us to use her house as collateral, and we took out a small 20,000 dollar loan, opened up a 2,000-square-foot restaurant in 1988.","And, the first day we opened, we were dead broke. We didn't have a cash register. There were so many things that we didn't have that I wouldn't dare try to open up a restaurant in today's time without. But in less than the two years - we leased the building for two years - in two years, not only had we paid my grandmother her money back, but we had saved 40,000 dollars. And we took that money and used it as a down payment and purchased our first restaurant.","Well, you know, I want to go to you, Gina, because I understand that there was a reunion at which you two reconnected. Tell me about that, first of all.","Pat and I dated in high school. As a matter of fact, our parents went to the same high school, and we got back together - we dated all through high school, we broke up, of course, and then we got back together at our 10-year reunion."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Opening a restaurant without money was a difficult and risky venture","questions":"How did they finance their restaurant?","answer":"loan"}
{"text":["Well, I think anything is possible. It's just impossible with this president. He continues to decide, basically without consultation - from all we can interpret - from advisers or whomever and just decide that this is what I want to do. Sure, he's president. But you would expect the chief executive to listen to his advisers. He said, if I don't get my way, I'm going to shut the government down. He didn't get his way, and we are involved in this shutdown. It's unfortunate, but he asked for it.","I look forward to January 3 coming. And Democrats, at least, can provide the majority leadership in the House to do what we can to try to get the government up and running. It does not include wall funding, but we need to put the tens of thousands of government workers back to work.","That's Bennie Thompson of Mississippi, the ranking Democrat on the House Homeland Security Committee. Congressman, thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : tens of thousands implies very numerous or uncountable number of people ","questions":"What quantity of people need to be put back to work according to A?","answer":"uncountable"}
{"text":["Thanks again for tackling a subject that is often times neglected for discussion. But all too often it's the source of so much pain and misery in our community. When a family member suffers from an addiction, the entire family suffers. Emotionally, socially, and financially. Shows like yours help to bring the stigma of addiction out of the shadows.","As part of that series, we talked to a mother who said that she believed her son committed suicide because of the game EverQuest. While I tried to challenge our guest on that direct link, we decided to ask the game's maker for a response. Here's some of the statement from Sony Online Entertainment. EverQuest is a phenomenally popular game because it provides players with a fun, social, and interactive online experience. EverQuest is a game. The majority of the hundreds of thousands of subscribers play the game in moderation. As with any form of entertainment, it is the responsibility of each individual player to monitor his or her own playing habits, and prioritize his or her time as necessary.","And finally, Aljore Stallings(ph) in Glen Burnie, Maryland, wrote in about the interview we did with Cullen Jones. If you'll remember, he's the second African-American swimmer to win a gold at the Olympics.","She wrote, I am giving you praise and kudos for your interview of Cullen Jones. I am so glad to hear of a black person achieve success in a sport that isn't traditionally the norm for black folks. I do hope it encourages more young black people to look into learning to swim. It has encouraged me a whole lot."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The game's maker denies responsibility for any harm caused by their game.","questions":"Which company denies responsibility for harm caused by their game?","answer":"Sony"}
{"text":["Which might help to explain why the Office of the Special Counsel has said that the document described does not exist because you wrote in the book it was a, quote, \"draft indictment,\" which sounds like something a little different.","Well, yeah. I guess it depends upon how you define a draft indictment. Yes. And I think it's very possible. I mean, the special counsel, when it responds, has become quite a gifted prevaricator. It is quite possible that they responded accurately but that nevertheless this document exists and goes to trying to understand a very significant moment in the thinking of the special counsel.","So the statement from Peter Carr, Robert Mueller's spokesman, is the documents described do not exist. You insist you have a document in your possession and maybe the difference here is on the word described. He thinks you described it wrong.","It is quite possible, yes."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Office of the Special Counsel has the document described, but it may not be called a 'draft indictment.'","questions":"How did the Office of the Special Counsel respond to the existence of the document?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["Where does he publish his stuff?","Also in supermarkets - well, there are couple of journals that he published almost everything. The Journal of - wait, I've got to look these up now. Psychological Reports is one of them.","I just want to know because I feel like I might want to read them. I mean. . .","Oh, you should. You should, I think. I try not to tell people what they should do, but Trinkaus' reports are so interesting. Psychological Reports is the name of one journal and Perceptual and Motor Skills is the other journal. They are sister journals. He also gets annoyed in the street when he watches people driving. He got annoyed that somebody near his house - there were lots of somebodies - don't always stop, come to a compete stop at an intersection. So he sat at the intersection for several hours. There's a stop sign there, and he counted. Of the cars that come to this intersection, how many come to a complete stop and how many do not?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A needs to check the names of the journals.","questions":"Which journals does Trinkaus publish in?","answer":"Psychological-Reports"}
{"text":["Oh, gosh. Mr.  Lamason, do we know why the whales do this?","We don't know. And there's a lot of theories around. But if you had to design a piece of landscape to capture whales, Golden Bay is pretty much perfect. It's a - quite a closed-in bay. It's got this large spit sweeping around, and the seabed out from there is very shallow for quite some kilometers. And there's a great chance that these whales were coming in here to feed and have made a poor choice about how close they can get in.","And is there anything human beings can or should do to try and help the whales?","Yeah, that's an interesting question. When these whales die, they actually initiate an ecosystem around them and it brings in a lot of wildlife that wouldn't necessarily be around. So people are saying, well, why don't you get out there and stop them stranding in the first place?Well, as I mentioned earlier, they're relying on this area for food. It'll be a little bit like closing the supermarket because you're worried about the shelves falling on people. They need to get in there. And if some of them die, well, that is - that's very sad. But also, there's a lot of other animals that make - you know, take advantage of their carcasses as well. So it's a - it's an interesting question."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) Implies that there may be something that people can do to prevent the whales from stranding,","questions":"What is the reason for people suggesting to prevent the whales from stranding?","answer":"Food"}
{"text":["Yes.","That's a lot.","It's a small fraction of what could have been if there hadn't been steps taken to move animals from flood-prone areas before the storm. Certainly, it's tragic, but agriculture is a leaky system. It's prone to all sorts of weather-related perils and that's just unfortunately the way it is.","Mark Rice, who's director of the Animal and Poultry Waste Management Center at North Carolina State, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn that has a figurative meaning is (3) \"agriculture is a leaky system\". This is a metaphorical way of saying that the agricultural industry is vulnerable to various external factors, such as weather-related disasters, which can cause significant damage.  The other turns do not have any apparent figurative meaning and can be interpreted literally.","questions":"What does the metaphorical phrase \"leaky system\" refer to in turn 2?","answer":"vulnerability"}
{"text":["\"VIC\" (Member, Overeaters Anonymous): Hi.","Vic, I want to start with you, and I want to be very specific. Give me an example of a day when you completely lost control over your eating.","\"VIC\": It wasn't a day. It was the day before (Laughing) and that day and the next day. But anyway - OK, so I wake up in the morning, totally hung over. Dr.  Lerner - Marty - described very well, you know, having lost control. So, I wake up, I feel terrible, and the last thing I want to do, I think in my rational brain, is eat because I feel so bad. And yet, I know that if I take one bite of anything, I'll be off and running. And I'm scared. I'm really scared.","Let me just ask one thing. When you say hung over, do you mean hung over from overeating or hung\u2026"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Despite feeling terrible, Vic has a compulsion to eat.","questions":"What was Vic's emotional state when he woke up in the morning?","answer":"Terrible"}
{"text":["Am I wrong to see in this novel a theme that the relics we worship are often no more than making a choice among frauds?","You know, Frederick - he had 19,000 of these things.","Yeah.","You know, everything. Frederick was called Frederick the Wise. This was a very learned man. And you think, well, wait, you know, how could he have really thought this was, you know, the - a strand of Jesus's hair or a piece of straw?And the answer is, I suspect he didn't in his heart of hearts, but his - the overriding theology, if you will, was I think he thought that if relics make people more pious, where's the harm?I'm attracted to that notion. If it - if belief in a, you know, a bone leads you to praying to be a better person - how quickly I descend into truism - where's the harm?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 1)\tB:\tAm I wrong to see in this novel a theme that the relics we worship are often no more than making a choice among frauds? (2)\tA:\tYou know, Frederick - he had 19,000 of these things. (3)\tB:\tYeah. (4)\tA:\tYou know, everything.Frederick was called Frederick the Wise.This was a very learned man.And you think, well, wait, you know, how could he have really thought this was, you know, the - a strand of Jesus's hair or a piece of straw?And the answer is, I suspect he didn't in his heart of hearts, but his - the overriding theology, if you will, was I think he thought that if relics make people more pious, where's the harm?I'm attracted to that notion.If it - if belief in a, you know, a bone leads you to praying to be a better person - how quickly I descend into truism - where's the harm?  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1) Please choose a confidence score ( marks how confidence you are that there is implied meaning in this turn ) :   4 : You are not sure whether everybody will agree that this turn has implied meanings but you believe that most of them will Please write a implied meaning ( More than 8 words! ) :  Write reason here.","questions":"What did Frederick the Wise have 19,000 of?","answer":"Things"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News & Notes.","Singer Jennifer Hudson won an Academy Award for her role in \"DreamGirls. \"But in the last week, her family life has become the stuff of nightmares. Some people now say neighbors should have done more. Did Hudson's family try in vain to distance itself from the man who's now a person of interest in the case?Plus, a federal judge in Missouri blocked part of a new law designed to keep sex offenders away from kids on Halloween.","We'll take a look at these cases with Judge Lynn Toler. She's the start of TV's \"Divorce Court\" and the author of \"My Mother's Rules: A Practical Guide to Becoming an Emotional Genius. \"Hi, Judge Toler.","Hi, Farai. How are you?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to distance away from something in this context means to ignore or to shy away from something that happened, usually bad","questions":"Which phrase can be used to describe what some people think Hudson's family should have done?","answer":"Distance"}
{"text":["But there is this some sense that, you know, the administration - others in the administration would like to fast-track it. There is a mechanism for doing that. I mean, do you have a specific message to Democrats?Because, as you know, with such a large - particularly with such a large presidential field, you've got all kinds of different opinions about international trade in that group. Do you know what I mean?So do you have a specific message to them about how to - you would like to see them proceed?","Yeah, we do. Look. NAFTA isn't broken. It's done exactly what it was meant to. It exploited workers in Mexico. It disrupted lives here. It's taken money out of our pockets, and it's put it in the hands of a few billionaires. So the solution just isn't a new NAFTA. It can't be rebranded or a sliver of change. The only answer is a strong enforceable mechanism for raising wages and protecting the rights of working people. This agreement is not yet there. It's no. And if they insist on trying to jam through this inferior, ineffective trade agreement that is nothing more right now than a-little-bit-better-NAFTA, then we would have to oppose it. And I think that we would have enough votes on both sides of the aisle to prevent it from becoming the law of the land.","That's Richard Trumka, president of the AFL-CIO. Mr.  Trumka, thanks so much for talking to us once again.","Thanks for having me on, I really appreciate it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The current NAFTA agreement exploited workers, disrupted lives, and took money from people.","questions":"Which group of people were affected by the current NAFTPersonA agreement?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["Look; can Democrats accuse Republicans of refusing to live up to their oversight responsibilities because they don't want to antagonize what they take to be their political base if Democrats don't bring up impeachment because the poll numbers are discouraging or because they think they'd lose the vote in the Senate?Isn't there a constitutional responsibility, too?","I think there's absolutely constitutional responsibility right now to break through obstructionism put up by the president to continue the investigations that we're pursuing right now. Just as an example, you know, within the Intelligence Committee and the Oversight Committee, we're pressing for the financial records of the president through Deutsche Bank and his accounting firm to figure out, you know, what are his ties to the Russians?This is material that I don't think that the Mueller team necessarily pursued because the president had put a red line around it. And I think the Mueller team, based on what we can tell, decided not to cross that red line.","So this is potentially new material that hopefully would move some independent-minded folks on the other side depending on what the results are. But at the end of the day, this can't be about party. It has to be about our country and what's best for our country. I do believe the president has done some very bad things, and now we have to hold him accountable.","How?I mean, isn't - doesn't the Constitution provide the instrument for holding him accountable right in front of you?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The person thinks there is contitutional responsibility to investigate areas that the president has said not to. The Mueller team did not as the president told them to investigate only so much and then to stop.","questions":"How did the Mueller team handle the red line set by the president?","answer":"Stopped"}
{"text":["How do you perceive yourself at this point as a business woman, not just a comedienne?Because you used to be an Algebra teacher, you were also a small business owner. I'm sure that there is a whole industry behind what you do, having to deal with your bookings, et cetera. How do you deal with that part of it?","Well, knowledge is the key. I have a degree in Business Administration's, minor in Mathematics. And, unlike most comediennes, I was a business person before I got into this field. I am very aware of my bookings, I'm very aware of my accounting. I'm very aware of how to write jokes. So, it doesn't make it easier but knowledge helps it - helps me understand a lot of different things. So even like times now when we're in a recession, when the country is in a recession, and people aren't coming out to the shows as often the way they used to come - the audiences aren't packed - I, because I understand business, know that, OK, I'll move to smaller venues, I'll come in with a cheaper ticket. But I will still work as an artist. And as an artist, overall, you really want to work.","What makes you laugh?","What makes me laugh - kids make me laugh, and old people make me laugh."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B implies that being a comedienne is not the same as being a businesswoman, and she wants to know how A manages the business side of her career.","questions":"How does PersonB characterize PersonA's career?","answer":"Comedienne"}
{"text":["Now here we are 15 years later. Let's talk about the restructuring efforts that are going on in Rwanda now.","Yeah.","Describe that.","I actually had a chance to be back there this last summer. I was just really impressed. I met with some of my old friends and some new ones. There was a gentleman and his wife who'd been hiding in one of the orphanages that I was bringing food and water to, three months in this tiny little room, six of them, and he's now a high court judge. She's deputy director of Ombudsman, and this Ombudsman program is just huge as far as I'm concerned."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : saying that the ombudsman program is just as big","questions":"What program is described as huge according to A?","answer":"Ombudsman"}
{"text":["Being an African-American police officer is one of the most difficult things that you'll do because there are African-American police officers all around this country and in this city who I talk to on a daily bases that, even before recent history, believe that there were issues between police officers and young black men. And one of the things that I think creates the problem - I've heard the word utilized a lot in describing the relationship - is that African-American men and particularly young men - say late teens to early-to-mid-30s - are - the word used is demonized.","And there are black officers that you talk to on a daily basis who will tell you that it's tough. I see this, and I still have to be accepted. I still have to be a part of the police culture, living in two worlds.","But I'll say that if you're a black police officer in America, there are some difficulties simply because you know that your race and gender has been on the receiving end of some very serious and questionable uses of force, whether they be deadly or just plain force used to make an arrest. So it is seen as something that - a burden that we carry as African-American men who also work in police profession.","Lieutenant Thomas Glover is president of the Black Police Association of Greater Dallas. Lieutenant Glover, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) Turn A: The implied meaning is that being an African-American police officer is particularly challenging because of the negative perceptions and biases that exist towards young black men, and that this can create tension and difficulties in relationships between police officers and the communities they serve.","questions":"What is the word used to describe the negative perception of young African-American men in relationships with police officers, as mentioned by \"A\" in turn 0?","answer":"issues"}
{"text":[". . . as a humorous guy, for example.","No.","Back in the old days of apartheid.","Although lots of the things the racist rulers said were very funny. I don't think they intended it that way."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Although lots of the things the racist rulers said were very funny.I don't think they intended it that way.\"","questions":"What did the racist rulers unintentionally do?","answer":"Racist"}
{"text":["To the tax issues that tanked a lot of the nominees that couldn't go forward. Some of the most common errors are incorrect or missing social security numbers. It sounds so simple, and yet, that something that catches a lot of people. The incorrect tax entered, based on your taxable income and filing status; math errors!Math errors is a huge issue for a lot of people. That's why it's important that if you can to e-file, because that will eliminate one of the major errors people make, which is in the math. And if you make less than $56,000 a year, you can get your taxes e-filed for free. You have to go to the IRS Web site to do it. But also this year for the first time, you can e-file even if you don't meet that. Now, you don't get the tax software that goes along with it that sort of walks you through, but if you already know how to do your taxes and you don't want to pay extra, you can e-file.","OK, let's talk about an issue that seems to be the third rail for a lot of political appointees or nominees, and that is the nanny tax. What should we, ordinary people, know about this kind of tax. . .","When we're hiring people to do stuff around the house?","Well, here's the thing: Most people are not going to have this problem."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The tax issues caused a lot of nominees to not be able to continue. The software helps a person to understand and work the tax filing correctly.","questions":"Which issue caused a lot of nominees to not be able to continue?","answer":"Tax"}
{"text":["Yeah. That was when I went over to Ukraine. When I signed the deal, my wife was pregnant. I knew the baby was coming middle or the end of October. You know, the team kind of told me that soon as the baby's born, I'll be able to scoot home right away, and it didn't work out that way. They kept me there for a few more weeks and then let me go home for five days.","Forgive me. You missing any teeth after 18 seasons?","I am not, no. I got hit in the face twice in practice. I always put my mask up in between drills. And one time, the trainer mistakenly threw the puck over the glass and hit me in the mouth. And then another guy flipped the puck from the corner when I was sitting there watching the coach explain a drill and hit me in the mouth.","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He would be able to go home happily when the baby was born.","questions":"What was the expected outcome when the baby was born?","answer":"home"}
{"text":["Now, how does Ukraine come in?","It's very confusing, but let's see what I can do here. So on the Internet, things move really fast. It's like a huge game of telephone. So once this firm caught the attention of the far-right online, they discovered that it was owned by a Russian American man who had previously done some work for a think tank called the Atlantic Council. It's a D. C. -based think tank, sort of works alongside NATO. And it's a pretty innocuous place. It does research on misinformation and digital warfare, things like that.","And there's a Ukrainian oligarch who was on one of the advisory boards for the Atlantic Council. And it seems somewhere along the line, the Ukrainian oligarch became the owner of CrowdStrike. This is not true, of course. But when things are moving so fast online, facts start to combine together, and it becomes very confusing.","So the idea is people who are on the far-right, conspiracy theorists, went looking for a connection, went looking to say, who are these CrowdStrike guys?And once they do enough looking, they're able to find a Ukrainian oligarch who they say, aha, this is the connection. So what about this server that the president implied was somehow in Ukraine?I mean, he - on this call talked to Ukraine's leader and brought up CrowdStrike. What would he be looking for?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Somewhere along the process of the situation forming he becmae owner of Crowdstrike.","questions":"How did the Ukrainian oligarch become the owner of CrowdStrike?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":[". . . Because I have Nusayba. And she is alive and smiling and well thanks to an anonymous live donor, who came through at the last second. . .","Yeah.",". . . And gave a piece of his liver, which is now in my daughter's belly. And she lives. What more can we ask for?My life is complete.","We can reveal his name, too, can't we?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : the donor person allowed part of their liver to be used right before the person was to die.","questions":"What organ was used in the transplant?","answer":"Liver"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. He calls Obama a bad or sick guy. That is an extraordinary thing to hear from a sitting president about his predecessor. We should note there has been no reaction from President Obama yet and no evidence, no confirmation, to support this claim. But it's not going to calm the waters.","Boy, we have investigations that are unfolding at the FBI. There are several committees that are gathering at Capitol Hill. What's the landscape they're looking at right now?","So, as you said, the FBI is investigating. We don't have a lot of visibility into where they are in that investigation or what the time frame is because they don't comment on active investigations. We just know that they are - they're doing them. On the Hill, we have - we know a little bit more. The Intelligence Committees have the lead on investigating all of the Russia stuff. We know they are reviewing documents. They're trying to think about who to call to come testify. And they confirmed this week - the House Intelligence Committee, for example, confirmed they are looking into links between Russia and the campaigns; also looking into all these recent leaks of classified information.","I must say, it doesn't seem like the last scalp has been put on the wall."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"last scalp\" is being used as a metaphor for a definitive conclusion or resolution to a situation or investigation.","questions":"How is \"last scalp\" being used in the dialogue?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":["From NPR News, this is Day to Day. The ethics problem at the Interior Department continues to unfold, specifically in the little-known but powerful Minerals Management Service. The Interior Department's watchdog reports that employees in that division accepted gifts, they steered government contracts to friends, and they had sexual relations with oil and gas-company representatives. Joining us now is John Dimsdale from Marketplace, and John, first, what is the Minerals Management Service?I hadn't heard of it until yesterday.","Well, it's responsible for collecting royalty revenues from companies that extract oil and other minerals from federal property. And last year, they collected 11 billion dollars from the oil and gas industry. So, it's a big source of revenue. In fact, sometimes Minerals Management is the second largest source of income for the federal government, second only to the IRS. And remember, this scandal comes just as Congress is debating whether to allow more oil drilling, especially on the Outer Continental Shelf under the ocean.","That's right. So, let's go into the details of this scandal. What did the Interior Department's inspector general find?","Well, this report makes it sound like a very dysfunctional place. It alleges cocaine and marijuana use, and even promiscuous sex between government employees and the industry that they oversee. The inspector general says the relationship between the industry and the revenue collectors is supposed to be at arm's length, but most of the oil-company people that investigators talked to said they bought meals or drinks, entertainment, for government employees."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"they collected 11 billion dollars from the oil and gas industry\" - literal meaning: the money was physically collected, figurative meaning: the money was earned or received from the industry.","questions":"What is the Minerals Management Service responsible for collecting?","answer":"Royalty"}
{"text":["About six lengths off the lead followed by Homeroom Jester and the trailer is Dolarolarorrarockadockamolahholah.","Hackahmackahdolohrollocolamockahdackahmolahhackahdohkah.","(Laughter).","And yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"About six lengths off the lead followed by Homeroom Jester and the trailer is Dolarolarorrarockadockamolahholah.\" This is an example of horse racing jargon, where \"lengths\" refers to a unit of measurement used to describe the distance between horses during a race. The names following \"the trailer is\" are the names of other horses in the race.","questions":"Which unit of measurement is used to describe the distance between horses in a horse race?","answer":"Lengths"}
{"text":["Well, sure, it has something to do with it. Most - these smartphone patent wars are really kind of absurd. What really usually happens and what ought to happen is that you get in a patent fight and you very quickly use the patent fight to cross-license the patents that the other guy has that you need. But Apple has been asking for something really quite extraordinary in these smartphone wars. They've been asking for an injunction to pull some Samsung products off the market. And that tells you how seriously Apple takes Samsung as a competitor. I should also add that I virtually do not believe that there is a judge in the United States that will allow that injunction.","It also, of course, is irresistible to note that these figures come when Apple now has a pretty much brand new CEO, Tim Cook.","Yeah.","Following the death of Steve Jobs."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using humor or sarcasm to make a point or convey a message in a lighthearted way.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue suggests that the speaker may be using humor or sarcasm?","answer":"Sarcasm"}
{"text":["If we can't see the stuff, how can we prove it?How close are we to discovering the hidden these dimensions, if they exist at all?These are the sort of things my next guest ponders at his day job, and he's here to tell us a bit about the dark side of the universe. Michael Turner is a cosmologist and professor of astrophysics at the University of Chicago in Illinois. Welcome back to SCIENCE FRIDAY, Michael.","Great to be here, Ira.","Always good to talk to you. What do you make of the idea that a particle could turn into an invisible twin of itself in a parallel world?","Well, as we often say in cosmology or theoretical physics, that idea might be crazy enough to be true."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Well, as we often say in cosmology or theoretical physics, that idea might be crazy enough to be true.\"  The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. It implies that sometimes ideas that seem crazy or impossible might turn out to be true in the field of cosmology or theoretical physics.","questions":"What field is the idea mentioned in turn 3 related to?","answer":"Cosmology"}
{"text":["I think what to look at closely is oil, and oil here on the island. Cuba has - is not able to meet its own energy demands by itself and has become very dependent for the last 20 years on Venezuela's cheap oil that they're sending to Cuba. What they've done is made an exchange where Cuba gets the oil that it needs, and then Cuba sends doctors and professionals to Venezuela. And that has been severely hurt by the economic crisis in Venezuela right now. And you see that in there's gas rationing right now, and the Cuban government trying to get as much as they can in dollars and foreign currency.","One thing that they've done - you know those classic U. S. , American cars that are still here on the island?Well, those taxi drivers are feeling the pinch of the gas shortages and the oil situation right now. They have to pay very high licenses. This is new only in the last couple months. And they have gas rationing cards that they can only buy a certain amount of gasoline every month.","And Raul Castro has actually come out and warned that hard, austere times are coming. Are Cubans concerned about what they might be facing?","Definitely. And you hear that a lot."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The pinch is not physical but just a tightening of finances due to the situation.","questions":"How is the pinch described?","answer":"Financial"}
{"text":["It's - conservative - that about eight to 10,000 people died. And that this, to this day, is still the greatest natural disaster to hit this country in terms of devastation, in terms of death toll. It's almost hard to fathom how incredible - the power of this storm and what it did. It literally wiped a city off the map.","And you point out that after this happened, the idea that, you know, that Galveston really had only itself to blame. I mean, this was a natural port, and it was built on a sandbar. It was in most places only about 8 feet above sea level. And to have built it there in the first place would be crazy, and they rebuilt it anyway.","It really was a feat of engineering and of sheer willpower that they constructed a seawall - a 17-foot seawall that ran about three miles. But that wasn't enough. They realized that to protect downtown, they were going to have to raise it. So they literally raised about 500 buildings anywhere from 8 to 18 inches so that it was less susceptible to flooding.","As a weatherman, do you think that you can say now that what happened to Galveston is impossible, that it won't happen again?I don't mean that the storms won't happen again. I mean, Hurricane Katrina was a hideous storm that killed a lot of people, and the property loss was terrible. But do you think that the lessons of storms like that, but especially of Galveston, mean that the loss of life and property on that scale really isn't likely to happen again?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"But do you think that the lessons of storms like that, but especially of Galveston, mean that the loss of life and property on that scale really isn't likely to happen again?\" - The literal meaning of this turn is whether the lessons from Galveston and similar storms will prevent a recurrence of such a disaster. The actual meaning is whether the efforts to mitigate the effects of such disasters can prevent such high levels of loss of life and property.","questions":"Which lessons are being referred to in turn 3?","answer":"Lessons"}
{"text":["High bar, yeah. So the federal indictment is supposed to be unsealed today. What are you going to be looking for as someone who's been following this case against R.  Kelly for a long time?","Well, I'll be looking for a couple of things - one, looking to see if there are new alleged victims in here. You know, the case that's in state court, there are four alleged victims in there. Many of them were already known. They had either already come forward or - yeah, have already come forward and told their stories of alleged abuse at the hands of R.  Kelly.","I'll also be looking to see when the alleged crimes happened. You know, all of the alleged crimes in state court happened 10 years ago or more. Those kinds of cases are really hard to prove, you know, when they're that old. I'll be interested to see if any of these happened more recently, if there are any allegations that he's done anything in the last decade.","WBEZ reporter Patrick Smith in Chicago for us this morning. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Recent crimes are easier to prove than crimes from 10 years ago","questions":"What kind of crimes will be of interest to A, according to turn 2?","answer":"recent"}
{"text":["Now, in both the Enron case and the Madoff situation, they're very different in some ways, but they both benefited at least for a time from the fact that a lot of people don't understand finance, and it's very difficult to understand. What do you think people need to do who are not financiers to understand why is it important to even understand the issue of finance, white-collar crime, and all of this?","White-collar crime matters because it affects all of us. Even if you happen to be a blue-collar person, you undoubtedly get affected one way or another - your investments, your company, your suppliers, your neighbors. Everyone gets affected by serious white-collar crime, and the old joke is, right, you walk into a bank with a gun, steal $50,000, they send you away for 10 years. You steal $50 million in some sort of white-collar crime thing, and you get, you know, five minutes and a warning from the judge.","I mean, that's an exaggeration. But that's the kind of thing that for years has annoyed people, including me. And somehow the - because there's been now so much of the stuff has surfaced, and there's such conscientiousness about it and in the case of Madoff largely because he scammed people that members of the media know. So you get really angry when your friends go down. I mean, I don't have any friends who were in there, but a lot of people in my business. . .","Right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The joke about $50K and $5 million is not literal, but it expresses the belief that white collar crimes are larger and easier to get away with.","questions":"Which crime is the subject of the joke mentioned by A?","answer":"white-collar"}
{"text":["What would happen in a civil contempt is that you would basically be trying to hold the attorney general - get a court order that he was in contempt. And the court would have a hearing. And Justice Department would intervene, and they would fight the contempt citation. And then the court would have a ruling. And that's how the process kind of operates theoretically. What normally happens is the court does not like to step into executive legislative disputes, and they will urge both sides to try to accommodate one another. I think it would only be if the court determined that the Justice Department was really in bad faith would they then hold the attorney general in contempt.","Let me ask you this. If this matter does land in court, if litigation is actively pursued, that could take months. It could take years even. And if the goal is to get information from Attorney General William Barr, how is this an effective strategy?Pursuing a contempt case could result in a huge delay, right?","I think the reality is is that the rules of subpoenas right now as we're discussing in many ways work in favor of the executive for the exact reason that you are hinting at in your question, which is they can run the clock. They can probably run the clock on the enforcement question for months, if not years. And they might be able to even run it up to the next election.","Right. So if the White House intends to stonewall, do you think it's even a wise strategy on the part of the Democrats right now to be talking about contempt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : bad faith implies that the Justice Department is acting improperly and knows they are doing so","questions":"Which term describes the Justice Department's behavior if the court holds the attorney general in contempt?","answer":"Improperly"}
{"text":["Yeah. It's the fastest and oldest field game in the world, as far as we're concerned, and the only sport that I can really compare to - and you've alluded to it yourself - would be lacrosse. And to American viewers or listeners, sometimes I try and explain it as ice hockey on grass except for the ball leaves the ground and travels at speeds of up to 140 kilometers an hour. It's extremely brave. They wear minimal padding. And it's a full-contact sport.","And tell us about the hurling stick because I've seen those. They're - if I may - to an American audience, they look a little bit like something you'd use to handle a pizza in a brick oven.","(Laughter) I've been told they look like a large spoon. It's a coral-shaped (ph) stick. And at the end of the - at the bottom, it's called a bas where you strike the ball. The ball is made of leather. And it's called a sliotar. The hurley's supposed to reach from your foot up to your hip and is generally about 33, 34 inches for a grown adult.","Do you think that hurling expresses some intrinsic aspect of the Irish spirit?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Comparing hurling to ice hockey on grass is a better way to explain it to American viewers than saying it's the fastest and oldest field game in the world","questions":"Which sport is compared to ice hockey on grass in the dialogue?","answer":"hurling"}
{"text":["Is there a danger of South Koreans becoming too complacent?","I think that they do talk about that. But there's also reality, which is when you have this incredibly materialistic society, it's literally a, you know, (speaking Korean) style (speaking Korean) land, then, you know, the reality of this war with this nation under Kim Jong Un kind of doesn't strike anyone as a realistic thing. And, yes, there is a danger to it. But at the same time, life does go on. And life is a very, very, very fast and active one in South Korea.","So we've been talking about war. What about peace?Do the South Koreans even think about the possibility of detente anymore, the possibility of the border reopening?","I mean, I think the issue of one Korea reunification is one of those politically manipulated one. You know, the left parties used it. The right has used it, certainly, in South Korea. So it's almost like this sort of symbol whenever they need to use sort of national security in order to unite people or get their agenda across. So it's almost become a tired one, where everyone - if you were to talk to them and you interview South Koreans, they'll all say, reunification is necessary. Do they want it?They would pause. Do they want to pay for 25 million North Koreans?Do they want refugees?They don't really want that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is suggesting that the issue of reunification is often politically manipulated and has become a tired symbol. Despite many South Koreans acknowledging the necessity of reunification, they may not be willing to deal with the potential consequences such as the financial burden of supporting North Koreans and accepting refugees.","questions":"What is the potential consequence that many South Koreans may not be willing to deal with despite acknowledging the necessity of reunification?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["Oh. . .",". . . Believe and understand it should be.",". . . A large number.","But. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It implies that A believe and understand what B means to a large extent.","questions":"Which word describes PersonA's understanding of PersonB's statement?","answer":"Large"}
{"text":["He apologized for the messages and essentially blamed the fact that he worked really long days and often used this group chat to - as he said, you know, relieve stress. That did not sit well with people, obviously. He ended up, like you said, having to ask most of his inner circle to step down. But that has not appeased anyone. The outcry and the demands for his resignation have only grown. Not only from his political opponents - also, essentially everyone within his own party here in Puerto Rico has abandoned him. And now there is talk within the legislature of beginning the process of removing him from office if he doesn't step down on his own.","And has he said that he is considering it?Or what is he saying about that possibility?","No, he's basically dug his feet in and has said he is not going to resign. He said he was, you know, elected governor by the people of Puerto Rico, feels like he has a lot of work to do and intends to continue doing it. A big question is obviously how because he has lost the confidence of everyone within his government, and no one really sees him having the capital needed to govern.","That is NPR's Adrian Florido joining us from San Juan."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person in question had to ask his close associates to resign due to the controversy","questions":"Which people had to be asked to resign by the person in question?","answer":"InnerCircle"}
{"text":["Do the doctors in these cases have any sort of ethical obligations with regards to the number of embryos?","I think they really do. Mega multiple births - seven, eight babies - are, as you pointed out, hugely risky, very dangerous to the mother. I don't know of any case where some of the children were not severely disabled as a result of prematurity or complications. The doctors have to try and do what they can to avoid it. And to be blunt, anybody who would transfer embryos - seven or eight embryos at a time - into a woman, I think, is basically close to malpractice.","And if you super-ovulated a woman using drugs, you've got to monitor that woman very, very closely. And if you see too many eggs, I think you need to advise them they better not have sexual relations or artificial insemination. They're going to make too many babies.","So if that took place, if the latter took place, what could they say to the mother and what they can legally do?I mean, isn't really up to the mother whether or not she carries these babies?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Transferring seven or eight embryos at a time into a woman is close to malpractice","questions":"How many embryos is close to malpractice according to A?","answer":"Seven"}
{"text":["Well, I was abused by a priest when I was a child. And it caused me a great deal of difficulty with my life afterwards. I had a lot of problems with anxiety and depression.","How old were you when it happened?","I had just turned 13. I was in a children's hospital. And the priest who assaulted me was the Catholic chaplain of the hospital. And he also took indecent photographs, which had a lasting effect on me.","You were one of two sexual abuse survivors on the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors. Yet you resigned March 1. Can you tell us why?","I did because I accepted the appointment to the commission in the hope that the church was really beginning to show, you know, a sincere wish to change. And after three years, I resigned on some specific issues. But, basically, it was the resistance from some quarters in the Vatican to actually change.","Does it surprise you that someone as high up as Cardinal Pell has been accused?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"indecent photographs\" - This phrase refers to sexually explicit photographs, rather than simply inappropriate or offensive photographs.","questions":"How would you describe the type of photographs taken by the priest?","answer":"sexually"}
{"text":["This was James Maynard at the University of Montreal.","Yeah, James Maynard, he got the current world record, which is 600. And that was very recently. That was November the 19th he announced it. It was all done on the Internet, and at one stage the record was tumbling at about every half-hour. So, mathematics, which usually takes place over months and years, for a period of a few months was going gangbusters fast. And this record was tumbling down. It seems to have settled at 600. It might creep down. I don't think the methods that we've got now will bring us down to 2. But 2 is within grasp. And because this ancient problem about 2 is within grasp, I would say 2 is absolutely the number of the year in mathematics. It's the number mathematicians have been talking about.","Keith, are there implications for this finding for those of us who think it's got nothing to do with us whatsoever should know nevertheless?","You can bet that whenever there's an advance to do with prime numbers, the intelligence community is absolutely on top of it. Because in our knowledge of the prime numbers lies pretty well all of the secret codes that we use for communications around the world. It's all to do with the difficulty of computing some of the things we know theoretically happen in mathematics."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 4) A: \"You can bet that whenever there's an advance to do with prime numbers, the intelligence community is absolutely on top of it. Because in our knowledge of the prime numbers lies pretty well all of the secret codes that we use for communications around the world. It's all to do with the difficulty of computing some of the things we know theoretically happen in mathematics.\"","questions":"What lies in our knowledge of prime numbers?","answer":"Secretcodes"}
{"text":["Well - I mean, I believe on Friday, certainly a lot of people thought that they had a deal in hand. Senator Schumer left the White House thinking that it was very close. And he says it got undone somewhere in the White House. It's not clear. . .","Well, I can't speak to that. I wasn't a part of that. But I don't think it was probably quite as imminent as they thought.","Look, I think the president's actually been very clear about the things that he wants. He wants to address border security, he wants to deal with chain migration, and he wants to deal with the lottery. And he's certainly willing to provide legal status for DREAMers. So if those are your four principle points and they've been known for months, there ought to be a way to reach an agreement.","Border security means a wall?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B implies that they are skeptical that border security means a wall.","questions":"How does PersonB feel about the meaning of border security?","answer":"Skeptical"}
{"text":["You know, and you're not going to get, you know, 80,000, you know, ticket-holders to hold it down. So you know, you just kind of figured out - you know, some days I've toughed it out. Some days I've gone on air with a very bad migraine, because that's my job.","Has anyone ever just run a tackle into you by accident, shaken up your brain, anything?","I have never been sideline road-kill. I've made it a point to always know where the action is and to not get caught up in it. There are times, though, when my back is turned, I'm doing a stand-up, for example, and you could see everybody. Their eyes are getting big, and they're just kind of like - you know, my cameraman's really good about pulling me out of the way.","So no, I haven't had any kind of brain scramble to that extent, but yeah, I can see where you're going. A lot of these players who suffer from concussions, eventually, you know, sometimes they can turn into migraine sufferers as well."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The reporter tries to avoid getting caught up in the action.","questions":"What does the reporter's cameraman do when the reporter's back is turned?","answer":"Pulling"}
{"text":["Thank you. My mistake.",". . . Just 10 days apart.","We included France, which is nice. I apologize.","No, I'm glad to include them. Is it possible Italy will leave the eurozone, or is that just talk?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A forgot to include France in something but is apologizing for the oversight.","questions":"How did PersonA rectify their mistake?","answer":"Apologize"}
{"text":["So it's like, your mind can't be stuck on this. You're just like, I'm here, so I'm trying to figure out, how do I even go to school, try to look nice, so the kids don't roast you?You're trying to figure out, how do I talk?How do I, you know, engage?But now we kind of just laugh at it. We make jokes out of anything. That's how I cope with a lot of stuff. I just make jokes about it or just laugh about it. Hip-hop is rooted - was birthed in New York. So it's like there's a history of, like, flipping your story into something positive. And then, you know, we're still here. You know, everybody's alive. Everybody's living, doing their own stuff, trying to chase their dreams. So we try to keep the energy, like, positive and optimistic - you know?- because that's the only way, I feel like, to really live a good life.","(Singing) What's up with you?Won't stop loving you. How you want me to?","Rapper Thutmose on his debut album, \"Man On Fire. \"Producer Christina Cala caught up with him at the South by Southwest Music Festival.","(Rapping) Tell me what your view is. She from Malibu. She want to hang out with the cool kids."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : roast you means to make fun of you, not literally cooking someone","questions":"What is Thutmose's debut album called?","answer":"Fire"}
{"text":["What is your guideline?When do you tell an officer he or she has to start recording?","NOPD policy requires them to record the entire encounter until any police action has ceased. So what we're finding out though sometimes the cameras aren't on. Sometimes they aren't wearing the cameras. And those are clear violations, but then there were also supervisors telling officers things like turn it off during, you know, sensitive matters, but not defining what a sensitive matter could be.","We're also hearing complaints that only parts of interactions are being recorded. That's one of the things we're hearing now. So the misconduct is occurring off-camera, but then they're recording, you know, perfectly professional encounters on camera. So that's one of the things we're also hearing now. And. . .","That's a big complaint and, of course, you wouldn't have any - ironically or incongruously - you wouldn't have a video record of that misconduct, but you would have a video record of them doing it right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Officers are selectively recording only parts of interactions, thereby hiding misconduct that occurs off-camera and only recording interactions that appear to be professional.","questions":"What are officers selectively doing during interactions?","answer":"Recording"}
{"text":["That's correct.",". . . Epstein's lawyers. OK, because I was asking about Epstein's lawyers.","Oh. Well, he - they aren't saying anything right now. They haven't seen the charges. So until they see the charges, I don't know how much they really want to say. They want to understand what they're up against to start with.","And so what are the lawyers for the victims saying?","Well, like I said, they were shocked, stunned. I don't think - I think that they suspected that something was happening with the Southern District of New York, which was investigating this and brought the charges. But I don't think they thought that it would happen this fast. I thought they thought it would be a very long process to try to get him. That's what makes me suspect that maybe they have a very good witness on their side."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"understand what they're up against\" implies understand what they're confronted with.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the reaction of the victims' lawyers?","answer":"Shocked"}
{"text":["Fall color is peaking in New York's Adirondack Mountains. There's already been a first dusting of snow on the summits. North Country Public Radio's Brian Mann set out in his canoe to take in autumn's big show near Lake Placid, and he sent us back this audio postcard.","I'm paddling up the Chubb River, wildness all around me, tamaracks here by the shore and willows. This could easily be northern Canada. It's really crisp out here. You can really taste fall now in the air. And there is this kind of stained-glass look to the hillsides, like splashes of crimson red. I mean, just truly tropical red.","There's brilliant sun, and the maple and birch are lit up. As the river winds into the mountain valley, it narrows and narrows again, so I'm squeezing through a vein of water to get to the hiking trail, willow branches squeaking against the canoe. I pass a beaver lodge and turn. And suddenly, I'm right on top of a pair of indignant mallards that go whirring into the sky.","All right, guys, don't mean to scare you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It could be Canada because of the weather and the way it looks.  The hillsides have a large variety of trees that have different colored leaves on them.","questions":"Which river is PersonA paddling up?","answer":"Chubb"}
{"text":["It certainly looks like he has taken a fatal downturn, and he needs to turn his campaign around totally. And he needs to show us that he really wants it. He has the organization, the money. There is still time. There'll be more debates. He can do it if he really wants it, but he's got to show us that.","A lot of talk about the way CNBC ran the debate. And as a matter of fact, the Republican National Committee has suspended its agreement with NBC for a later debate. How do you read this?","Another effective counterpunch, really. Moderators had tough questions here. They were challenging, and they bordered at times on the insulting, contemptuous. The candidates were bristling at this. And then Ted Cruz really unloaded on it with a big screed about the mainstream media bias, and it brought down the house - very sympathetic audience, by the way. And all of the candidates started fighting back, things got unruly. And then after the debate, the candidates' staffs all complained to the Republican National Committee chairman, and he pulled the plug on NBC's contract. You know, we're going to have some - probably see some format changes here with regard to some of the other upcoming debates on other networks that the Republicans have contracted with.","Regardless of any political motives, could the debate format stand some tinkering after we've seen three of them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implication of this statement is that the RNC pulled the plug on NBC's contract as a result of the reaction that the candidates had to the debate format, not necessarily due to any political motives.","questions":"What was the reason behind the RNC's decision to suspend its agreement with NBC?","answer":"Debate"}
{"text":["Our hope is that the cessation of violence is imperative if there is to be some semblance of normalcy in the election. If this rate of violence continues, then certainly there is no way we can have a free and fair election. We are hoping that when the various delegations of observers start arriving, we may see a decline into these violent activities of the regime and these rogue elements.","You have worked now with MTV to do PSAs that call for a free and fair election. Why did you decide to work with MTV on this?","Well, you know that the background actually started as some form of informal contact, then it developed into a contact with Dispatch group. So Dispatch, which is a youthful band, staged this concert on Zimbabwe. And we are now - I was in New York, I had a meeting with them, and that's how our relationship has developed.","Do you think that global youth, people not just in Zimbabwe, but, you know, in all the different places around the world that, for example, might plug in to public service announcement like this, or just people who are young and are listening to music and, you know, going online for their news, do you think that they can help advocate for the free and fair elections in Zimbabwe?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Young people globally can advocate for free and fair elections","questions":"How can global youth help Zimbabwe's elections?","answer":"Advocate"}
{"text":["Is this situation just overshadowed by other refugee and humanitarian crises in the world?","I think so. I think its a challenge that, you know, Uganda is the third largest refugee-hosting country in the world now, but I think most people dont realize that. When we think about refugees, we often think about the Syria crisis, which is the world's largest. We think about people who are crossing the Mediterranean. But we're not thinking about the now almost a million people who've crossed this land border into Uganda but have also fled from South Sudan into Kenya and Ethiopia and even into Sudan.","We're also in a situation where the administration has sent very limited aid budgets to Congress. And fortunately because the commitment that Congress continues to show, they've actually rejected those steep cuts to humanitarian aid and provided strong funding - robust funding for humanitarian assistance. But we need to see that funding really get out of the bank accounts in D. C.  and get out to the ground, where it's needed.","Has Uganda been been so welcoming?The international community has thought there's relatively little reason to get involved."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : We're also in a situation where the administration has sent very limited aid budgets to Congress. And fortunately because of the commitment that Congress continues to show, they've actually rejected those steep cuts to humanitarian aid and provided strong funding - robust funding for humanitarian assistance. But we need to see that funding really get out of the bank accounts in D.C. and get out to the ground, where it's needed.  Implicated meaning: Despite the administration sending limited aid budgets to Congress, Congress has shown commitment by rejecting steep cuts to humanitarian aid and providing strong funding. However, it is necessary for the allocated funding to be effectively utilized and reach the areas where humanitarian assistance is required.","questions":"What has Congress done to the funding for humanitarian aid?","answer":"Strong"}
{"text":["It's been wet in Texas this year, really wet, with record amounts of rain, and that means Texas right now is hot, wet and green. This is making the animal world happy, particularly insects. Take the tarantula hawk wasp for example. What - you've never heard of it?Well, it's so big and so nasty that it attacks tarantulas, who are, as you know, themselves big and nasty. Texas Parks and Wildlife invertebrate biologist Ben Hutchins joins me now from Austin to tell us about this wasp. Hi, Ben.","Hi.","OK, so I've been doing a little research and the tarantula hawk can wrestle and then throw these big, hairy Texas tarantulas onto their backs and then sting them into submission. How in the world is this possible?","Well, it's a pretty spectacular show. And, you know, we actually have several different species of tarantula hawk, and each one has its own different approach. So some will actually flip over onto their back and crawl upside down underneath of the tarantula to sting the tarantulas. Others will dart under there and grab the rear leg of the tarantula and then flip it over. And the tarantula hawk will actually use its back legs to pin down the tarantula's fangs to keep itself from getting bit. And then it delivers that sting, usually at a chink in the armor of the tarantula, so at joints in the legs or in the abdomen of the tarantula. And they can sting multiple times as well, so they'll get in there and make sure that that tarantula is paralyzed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is suggesting that they are uncertain about the future outcome of a situation, and are not making any definitive statements or commitments. The tone and context of the statement could suggest that the speaker is being cautious, non-committal, or may be waiting for more information before making a decision.","questions":"What is the tone of the speaker in turn 3?","answer":"Uncertain"}
{"text":["Do you remember some of the people you were able to help?","I do, yeah. There was a couple in particular who kind of lived in a - not assisted living, but it was designated for elderly couples. And they needed help. I mean, they had almost three feet of water in their home. So you couldn't get there by boat necessarily. And you couldn't get there by lifted Jeep, either. So the only option was to go in with an inflatable kayak. And the husband had just had heart surgery, so it was really difficult getting them out. You know, they needed to bring all their medications and everything.","But we just brought the inflatable kayak into their house and got them out the best way we knew how. The front entrance of their neighborhood was completely blocked off by water. There was a gate entrance. You couldn't even get in, so we had to bust down a fence to the back of the neighborhood to bring them out, so. And that flooding. . .","And let me - you - these were strangers to you. You didn't know who they were."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"And let me - you - these were strangers to you.You didn't know who they were.\" implies a different meaning from its literal meaning. The speaker is not simply asking for confirmation that the people the other person helped were strangers to them, but rather expressing surprise or admiration that the person was able to help strangers in need.","questions":"How did the speaker feel about the person's ability to help strangers?","answer":"Surprised"}
{"text":["The United Nations, in a new report, paints a picture of just how violent Venezuela has become. The U. N.  human rights chief says security forces have killed nearly 7,000 people over the past year and a half. She says, quote, \"a shockingly high number of these were extrajudicial killings at the hands of what interviewees called death squads. \"All as President Nicolas Maduro has vowed to stay in power.","NPR's Philip Reeves joins us now with more on that report. Philip, can you give us a little more detail on what the U. N.  team found in Venezuela?","Yeah. This takes a very broad look at the crisis in Venezuela over the last year up to this May. But a couple of things really leap out at you. One is the treatment of men and women in detention. The report says people are frequently arbitrarily detained and cites evidence of a variety of forms of torture - routinely used, it says - against prisoners by the intelligence or security services, others a form of punishment or to get them to talk. And that includes electric shocks, suffocation by plastic bags, waterboarding and sexual violence.","And the other striking section concerns those extrajudicial killings you mentioned. The Maduro government says, since the beginning of last year, some 7,000 people were killed in security operations, as you mentioned. And it says this was for resisting authority, as it puts it. But the U. N.  rights team believes many of these may be extrajudicial killings."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Venezuelan government is responsible for many extrajudicial killings.","questions":"Which country is the focus of the United Nations' report on violence and extrajudicial killings?","answer":"Venezuela"}
{"text":["When you lament where the company is, do you feel there are steps that can be taken to bring it back to the loftier values that, you know, you first believed were true?","Yeah, I think there are steps, but I don't think they're kind of what Uber should do. I think they're what regulators and lawmakers and sort of society should do. I mean, sort of a very easy step would be to, you know, re-examine this independent contractor status of their drivers and see if there's some way to have them be employees or gain some equity in the company. That would be one way.","So basically you're saying, as we're about to hoo and ha over the massive figure of possibly a hundred billion dollars in worth - regulators, pay attention and protect the drivers and the little people in the game?","Yeah. And I think actually, you know, Uber going public may prompt that - which we are seeing strikes. We are seeing protests from drivers. And we're in this moment where lawmakers, presidential candidates, regulators are paying more attention to this industry and its effects on the world. So I don't think Uber's IPO is going to be the end of the story for its drivers and for its culture. I think it's, you know, maybe the beginning of a new, more restrictive, you know, oversight over the company."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Regulators should protect the interests of drivers and other small players in the industry","questions":"How should regulators act towards protecting the interests of drivers and other small players in the industry?","answer":"Employee"}
{"text":["Hi, how are you?","I'm fine, and we're very glad to have you. Let me ask you about South Carolina's primary, the first in the South. This is supposed to clear out some of the underbrush and let us see which candidates are survivors, also to show us something about this region. Could you give us a thumbnail sketch of why South Carolina matters?","South Carolina, because it's the first in the South, is the first test candidates face as whether or not they will have Southern appeal. And that's a big deal because the entire 11-state South makes up 59 percent of all the Electoral College votes you need to win the presidency in the general election. So if a Republican candidate in the modern era can sweep the South, they become president. But if a Democratic candidate can crack the South with two states, they become president. And South Carolina is the first test of support in this region.","Up to this point now, we've been watching Republican voters react to Donald Trump and Republican candidates try to overtake him. Is South Carolina in 2016 in some kind of position to clarify that?Should we look for anybody to break out maybe in the GOP debate tonight, or is Trump just going to sail through South Carolina and presumably the South?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: Is South Carolina in a position to determine the fate of the Republican primary race between Donald Trump and the other candidates? Will there be any candidates that stand out in the GOP debate tonight, or will Trump be the clear winner?","questions":"Which state's primary election is considered as the first test for a candidate's Southern appeal and can determine the fate of the Republican primary race?","answer":"South"}
{"text":["Five hundred pages, yeah.","Yeah, it doesn't seem so simple. Republicans seem pretty certain that the tax bill is going to pass. How big a victory would it be?","You know, it's a pretty big deal. All year, Republicans struggled to get anything done, even though they had full control of the federal government. Now they have this big accomplishment they can point to. And I think that was part of the reason here. You saw a lot of Republicans like Bob Corker of Tennessee saying, I have big concerns, but I'm going to vote yes. A lot of people in Congress just wanted to get a victory. But look at the polling. It's not a popular bill.","It's not.","And you can already hear the Democrats putting together their campaign message against this. I mean, they were going to argue Republicans haven't done anything in Congress. Now they can argue the only thing Republicans have done so far is big tax cuts for the wealthy. So you can hear the messages already.","Indeed, you can. Big deal for the Republicans, but it's not the only issue to come up this week. There's a government funding fight that we're looking at on the horizon and the ongoing Russia probe. And this weekend, we're seeing more pushback against the Mueller investigation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Both A and B agree that the tax bill is not popular","questions":"Which bill do PersonA and PersonB agree is not popular?","answer":"Context"}
{"text":["Help us understand. Just how good were the Lightning before this collapse?","Oh, quite good. They had 62 wins in the regular season. That tied the all-time NHL record for wins in a season. This was a team that was doing historic things in the regular season. Consider this. Thirty of their 62 victories were by three goals or more. So every time they stepped on the ice, they weren't just winning. They were blowing away their opponents.","So it's safe to say any sane hockey analyst (laughter) basically would have said that the Lightning was going to win the series, right?So what happened?","(Laughter) Well, I think Lightning defenseman Ryan McDonagh put it best. Everything that they did so well in the regular season, the Columbus Blue Jackets did it better in this series. But the bigger picture is this for the Lightning. They clinched a playoff spot in early March. They've been on cruise control for months. The Columbus Blue Jackets had to win seven of their last eight games just to get into the playoffs. So when push came to shove and adversity hit in the series, the Lightning had a bad six days compared to a great 82 games in the regular season, and then they were swept."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"blowing away\" in line 2 - The phrase \"blowing away\" is being used metaphorically here to refer to the Tampa Bay Lightning's dominant performance against their opponents, rather than literal blowing.","questions":"Which record did the Tampa Bay Lightning tie in the regular season?","answer":"Record"}
{"text":["Investors are ecstatic about central bankers working there. Listen to this, the German DAX Index up about 10 percent, the French CAC 40, up more than nine percent. Now, they are both measures like the Dow 30, which on Wall Street jumped 500 points in the morning.","In Britain, Prime Minister Gordon Brown put $65 billion of government money into three British banks. NPR's Rod Gifford is in London. We're going to him. Rob, hello. I think that people are saying it is this British plan, the so-called British plan that seems to be may be spurring a little bit of a recovery around the world. What is the British government doing, and what does it want in return?","Well, as you say, Alex, Gordon Brown is getting a lot of kudos from this, because he was the one who put this plan forward last week. What they're doing, as you say, is to put a lot of government money that is taxpayer's money, $65 billion worth of it, into three British banks into order to - they hope - free up the bank to bank lending, and the whole crisis of confidence that has struck British banks as it has done elsewhere.","In return - some very important conditions they want in return. Right upfront, leaders of these banks that have got into trouble must step down. Bonuses are being frozen for other executives who stay on and crucially, the demand that these banks maintain mortgage lending and small-business lending at 2007 levels, levels of last year."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The British government is being praised for its plan to save the banks.","questions":"How is the British government being perceived for its bank-saving plan?","answer":"Praised"}
{"text":["In fact, no. My impression is that the fact that these asylum seekers and the poor conditions in which they lived became public, this is shameful and disgraceful for Hong Kong. And that is what makes them a target.","They're trying to get to Canada. And their association with Snowden may be creating problems there?","It's certainly possible. We completed all of their applications and requested urgent treatment because of their vulnerability in Hong Kong months ago. They initially told us that they were expediting the files. And then two months later, they said that they were not expediting the files. But they didn't say why. And this is why we've decided to go before the court to force the government to meet its commitment - one that our clients relied upon. And now they're at the 11th hour facing imminent detention and eventual inevitable deportation, and Canada is the last hope.","And what is your best guess as to what has prompted what seems like a change of heart on Canada's part?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : that the asylum seekers may be facing problems in their attempt to get to Canada, due to their association with Snowden.","questions":"What association is creating problems for the asylum seekers in their attempt to get to Canada?","answer":"Association"}
{"text":["DR.  MEENAKSHI WADHWA: Thanks, Ira.","Let's talk about your collection. How did you get a collection?","So, this is actually part of a great story too. There's a really famous collector, an Arizonan, Harvey Nininger, who had this wonderful collection. He is probably the person who I would say was responsible for bringing up the science of meteorites to the United States. And he had this great passion for meteorites. Actually, in the natural world in general but a great passion for collecting these space rocks. And he did this in the 1930s and '40s, and he had this wonderful collection, probably the best in the world.","And towards the late 1950s, he actually sold - he was basically deciding what to do with it and wanted it to have a life beyond his at some point and he sold half of it to the British Museum.","Wow."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : life beyond his means that something lasts beyond his lifespan","questions":"Which word describes what the collector wanted for his collection?","answer":"display"}
{"text":["You'd hear it - kind of like a whistling noise. And you'd also hear the trees kind of swaying outside the windows.","After the storm passed, they were able to return to their hospital room, where they slept through the night.","First thing in the morning, I went home to check on my house. I saw multiple trees down in our neighborhood. Some were even close to some of my neighbors' houses. But it was a relief when we found out that my house was intact.","They'd lost a grapefruit tree. Their yard was a mess, though, and the power was out. So Susie went to Gainesville to recover at her parents' house. Ben spent the week cleaning up at home and thinking about what preparations to make for the next hurricane."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker's house was not damaged by the hurricane","questions":"Which house was intact after the hurricane?","answer":"My"}
{"text":[". . . in HD glory.",". . . up there at sciencefriday. com on our webpage. You can also take it along with you on your iPad or iPhone or Android. But they run - this is an amazing photo. It's - because this thing is huge. It's very long. The antenna is very, very long.","It is very long. And they run it from base to tip through their mouth. And they do this all the time. And Coby Schal wondered, why are they spending all this time grooming?What are they actually grooming off?And he said there have been a lot of hypotheses about this, but no one had actually tested it. So they did a couple of things that are - it's so funny. So first of all, to test why a cockroach grooms, you have to prevent the cockroach from grooming, which presents an interesting challenge: How do you get the cockroach to cooperate with you?","And they came up with something sort of like one of those dog cones that prevents dogs from scratching. But it's a teeny, tiny antenna cone made from the tip of a pipette that they put on the base of the antenna. So the cockroach can't actually pull it down. So on a cockroach now, they have one antenna that's being groomed and they have this other antenna that the cockroach can't groom anymore. So they can see what happens to the dirty antenna, and they find that all of this gunk starts to accumulate on the antenna."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Preventing a cockroach from grooming presents an interesting challenge means it's difficult to get a cockroach to stop grooming","questions":"What did they use to prevent the cockroach from grooming?","answer":"Pipette"}
{"text":[". . . Strong title. What do you mean by that?","I think it was meant as sort of a nonpartisan way of talking about what's gone on in the confirmation process on Capitol Hill and how both sides have tried to put their thumbs on the scale and try and steer these judicial nominations in the direction they wanted. And so there is bias on it, and it's been bias on both sides, honestly. I know people don't like to talk about both sider-ism these days, but, you know, both parties have had a lot to do with how mucked up the process has gotten.","All right. Well, we'll get to that. But let's start with where you start in the book, where you talk about the importance of a decision that the majority leader Mitch McConnell made - Republican leader - made in February of 2016. What was the decision?","I think this was one of the most consequential decisions in American history, really, as it turned out. We didn't know it that night. But Mitch McConnell is on a - the Senate majority leader is on a vacation in the Caribbean. The news comes out that Justice Antonin Scalia had died. And Mr.  McConnell that evening decided that President Obama, with 11 months left in his term, would not get an appointment to the Supreme Court."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Both political parties have biased the judicial nomination process.","questions":"How has both parties affected the judicial nomination process?","answer":"Biased"}
{"text":["They had contracts for a five-star hotel in Amman, Jordan. They wound up being held in a room for 45, 50 days without knowing what was going to become of them. They were loaded into gypsy taxicabs, driven down the most dangerous road in the world, the Amman to Baghdad highway, which I think you had some experience with, as well, right?","Indeed, too many times. The Highway of Death.","And, predictively and foreseeably, they were kidnapped from two cars that got away from the rest. It was the first mass execution video of this horrible modern era of terrorist theater that we've all come to know, but it was a blip. The deaths of contractors - it was a parade every day. It was horrible, and it's the most horrible thing I've ever seen in my life. And, sadly, I had to watch it several times just to understand, you know, what happened to them really.","Your book begins with Kamala."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Highway of Death\" implies the Amman to Baghdad highway because of the many deaths and violent incidents that have occurred there.","questions":"Which highway is referred to as the \"Highway of Death\"?","answer":"Amman"}
{"text":["Vladimir Putin says the U. S.  airstrikes on Syria were an act of aggression. And yet, despite defiant words and claims that U. S.  missiles were intercepted and did little damage, Russia has not retaliated. To help us understand why, we're joined by Angela Stent of Georgetown University. She's also a State Department veteran from the Clinton and Bush administrations. Good morning.","Good morning. Good to be here.","So can you remind us why Russia has interests in Syria at all?And briefly - I know it's a complicated story.","(Laughter) Well, the short version of this. So the Soviet Union and Syria were allies during the Cold War, at the end of the Cold War. So, you know, Russia lost many of its positions in the Middle East, but that relationship with Syria has always been important. Then Putin was horrified by what happened in the Arab Spring, particularly what happened in Libya, and he was determined to shore up, you know, his ally, his partner in Syria. And he went into Syria in September 2015 in a big way - bombing - really to show the United States and the rest of the world that we were trying to isolate Russia after what happened in Ukraine, but Russia was definitely back. Russia also has its own - only warm-water port in Syria and a significant airbase. And it's really used this intervention now in Syria to increase its influence in the Middle East as the U. S.  has withdrawn."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : well refers to good and not a hole dug in the ground ","questions":"Which word used by PersonA has multiple meanings and is clarified by turn 2?","answer":"Well"}
{"text":["Several of them. I mean, Espanola had only 14 individuals left in the 1960s, and then it was 12 females and two males. A third male was found in the San Diego Zoo and brought back to Galapagos (unintelligible) 1975. And there have now been about 2,000 young tortoises released back to that island through the reproduction program at the tortoise center here on Santa Cruz.","The same holds true for several of the other populations. I would say many of the populations are out of danger. But we're still, given the exploitation from the 1800s, the total tortoise population of Galapagos is still about 10 to 20 percent of the original population. So we have a long way to go to bring them back to the original populations.","A couple of questions tweeted and asked by listeners of the same ilk, saying: Would it be possible to clone him?","OK, this is an interesting thing, and we are trying to save some of Lonesome George's tissues, cells. Cloning in reptiles has really not been developed at all, and we're doing - a few mammals seem to be doing OK, but in general the technology, the methodology to actually clone reptiles is decades away.","So hopefully they will be able to maintain cells as in cryogenics, and who knows in the future, but at the moment, it would be impossible."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"released back to that island through the reproduction program\" - This implies that young tortoises were bred in captivity and then reintroduced to the wild on the island of Espanola to increase the population, rather than just physically released.","questions":"What was the purpose of the reproduction program for tortoises on the island of Espanola?","answer":"Increase"}
{"text":["Hi.","So we're going to start off with a letter about a rule known as the 72(t) rule. It comes from Joan Fantasia(ph). She lives here in Los Angeles. She's a retired journalist from the L. A.  Times. She's 53 years old. And she asks, can you explain the 72(t)?There is no way I can hold out until age 59-and-a-half to get my 401(k) money. What's going on here, Michelle?","Well. The 72(t) rule is a rule from the IRS that states that if you have an IRA, an individual retirement account, you can withdraw a fixed amount of money for a minimum of five years or until you're 59-and-a-half, whichever comes last. That's an important point. So, let's say you're just a year into this and you turn 59-and-a-half, you still have to play out that five-year rule. So it's whichever comes last. And basically owners have to still pay ordinary income on the distribution, but you don't have to pay that 10 percent penalty. So, since she's so close, she could utilize this. But you have to be very, very careful about that because if you miscalculate and you don't take enough or you take too much, you're going to be hit with that 10 percent penalty.","Here's a more general question. This comes from Loreen Lynn(ph). And she says, I am a fool with money. Is there a general book or books that cover the basics of finance?What do you recommend, Michelle?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is changing the subject to ask about the 72(t) rule instead of just saying hi.","questions":"Which rule does PersonB ask about instead of just saying hi?","answer":"72(t)"}
{"text":["They're all priceless.","Exactly.","Tell us about the priceless ones in your collection. How many do you have in your collection?","We have about - in excess of 1,800 different meteorites. If you consider. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Indicating that they are priceless means that they have high value.","questions":"What is the value of the meteorites?","answer":"Priceless"}
{"text":["Hopeful or not, I think the obvious answer is yes, I am a student of Zimbabwe, I am still very hopeful. But we are calling on President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa always been mandated by SADC to meet it in the Zimbabwe crisis, to look seriously in (unintelligible) and move away from this quiet diplomats which is not producing the desired result, and probably as the AU summit sits on Saturday with eight African leaders to take a position on Zimbabwe. The deployment of a peacekeeping mission is now long overdue. The people of Zimbabwe have suffered enough.","Clever, I want to thank you so much for talking with us.","You are welcome. Thank you very much.","Clever Bere is president of Zimbabwe's National Student Union. He spoke with us from Harare, Zimbabwe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Simultaneous use of soft-laser for exposure to the cochlea and administration of Ginkgo biloba extract for 4 weeks on a 20-50% of patients has been reported to be useful. Soft-laser mechanism of action is unknown, but it has been proved that light leads to athermic stimulation of biochemical processes","questions":"Which treatment method has been reported to be useful for a certain percentage of patients?","answer":"Treatment"}
{"text":["Well, I was there at the time and I didn't think that Ukraine would take off at all. The first problem was that there were no good economic thinkers at all in Ukraine. All the thinking was really done in Moscow. And the other part was political, that Ukraine came together through a coalition of Ukrainian nationalists in the West who wanted to have an independent state and the old corrupt nomenklatura who wanted to stay in power, and in effect they did.","Hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians have been camping out in downtown Kiev, calling for change, more of a turn towards the West. What do you make of the protest movement when you have this agreement?Is it the kind of thing that in the West we might see and identify with and therefore maybe exaggerate the strength?","Well, what this is, is not about trade agreement - that's the lesser part. It's about European values. It's about democracy and rule of law. Ukrainians are tired of corruption and poor governance. They want to live as in Europe.","You wrote a book in 2009, \"How Ukraine Became a Market Economy and Democracy. \""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is saying that the protest movement in Ukraine is not just about a trade agreement with the West, but rather about the desire for European values, democracy, and the rule of law. The literal meaning would be that the protest movement is not solely focused on trade agreements.","questions":"How are Ukrainians tired?","answer":"Corruption"}
{"text":["The resignation of Michael Flynn as national security adviser came after leaks from anonymous sources inside the intelligence community. Anonymous sources have always been a source of tips for reporters, but they've been especially prominent in the first days of the Trump administration. Last night, President Trump called the American news media the enemy of the people. NPR's David Folkenflik joins us. David, thanks for being with us.","Always.","When The Washington Post broke this story, they cited nine current and former officials and said they spoke on condition of anonymity. What kind of editorial decision-making goes in to having a report like this appear?","You can be sure that this rocketed up to the very top of the news hierarchy at a newsroom like The Post. Just the very fact that they took nine sources that they clearly went out of their way to try to check, cross-check, double-check and question what they were about to report that the stakes were that high, that the ramifications of what they were going to report would be so significant that they were going to take this very seriously indeed. And I think you can see that by the solidity of the reporting as far as we know so far. And I think that's also a reflection of how uncertain this story has been to date. You know, if - you may remember before the election, The New York Times had reported that the FBI had found that there were no signs of, you know, such contacts. And I think on this subject, there's a care being given by The Post, by The Times and by other serious news organizations."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This is an expression of agreement, but it also implies that the speaker is willing to continue the discussion.","questions":"What does the PersonA's turn in the dialogue imply?","answer":"engagement"}
{"text":["If Ms.  Sadler did - and that's something that the McCain family or Ms.  Sadler can comment on - those are private conversations, if, in fact, they happened. What I can tell you is that from the White House's standpoint, the alleged comments came in an internal meeting, and I can't comment any further.","In an interview with NPR on Friday, chief of staff Kelly said of undocumented immigrants, they're not criminals but not people who would easily assimilate into the United States into our modern society. They're overwhelmingly rural people. In the counties they come from, fourth-, fifth-, sixth-grade educations are kind of the norm. They don't speak English. They don't have skills. But as a number of experts have pointed out, that statement John Kelly made is just not true.","Look. We - no - we have low-skilled workers who come to this country all the time. . .","Low skills is different than no skills.",". . . Well, low skill - that's what the chief was talking about. We're talking about bringing in the best and brightest from around the world. That's not what is occurring now. But let's not pretend for a second we have a mean, heartless immigration policy. We have the most generous immigration policy in the world. So to pretend as though, somehow, we're closing off to the world is just ridiculous. What this president and what the chief of staff was talking about is we want people in this country who have a lot to offer the United States, who are the best and the brightest. And right now our immigration system as such - we don't get that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This statement implies that that undocumented immigrants are uneducated, rural, and lack English proficiency, and therefore, cannot assimilate into modern society, is a biased and stereotypical view.","questions":"How does Chief of staff Kelly describe undocumented immigrants in the United States?","answer":"Undocumented"}
{"text":["That's right, that's right, and we essentially within the DNA give the instructions for that cell to read out the viral protein.","OK, so you put the cell to work, and then what happens?What's the second stage?","Well, then after a few months, we come back and we boost the immune response, and we can do that in one of two ways. We can actually inject the standard inactivated vaccine, the one that you and I get every year in our flu shot, or we can also do it by using a different type of carrier, a viral vector, an adenovirus, that can do the same thing.","In our human studies, we've actually done it with the standard flu vaccine."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The cell doesn't literally \"read\" the protein, it merely reacts to the stimili.","questions":"How does the cell respond to the viral protein?","answer":"Reacts."}
{"text":["And so if we organize the production and the processing and distribution of organic foods on a large scale, there's efficiencies to be had. This is actually kind of an experiment, a test. You know, how much of the extra costs that you pay when you buy organic food - how much of that is just the fragmented nature of the business?How much of it is the small-scale aspect?And how much of it is inherent in organic production?","Well, there's no question that Walmart is kind of the king of logistics. But if you talk to some of their suppliers, they'll also complain that Walmart is the king of squeezing them and making them produce the product ever more cheaply at their own expense.","Right. So you could say this is a threat to some organic producers who are used to higher margins. On the other hand, I mean, the organic production is expanding, and if Walmart wants large quantities, they may have to outbid other producers. There is a limit right now on the amount of organic food for sale. They say they want to expand that, and there's no reason why they couldn't. There's lots of land out there. Right now, organic is actually a very small part of American food production, people say 5 percent or less. So there's no reason why Walmart couldn't expand organic production if they offered a good price. The question is can they do it cheaply?","Part of this has to do with trust. Are people going to stop going to Whole Foods and go over to Walmart 'cause they can get the eggs $2 cheaper?I'm a little skeptical."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone or body language suggests that they may be withholding information or not fully expressing their thoughts and feelings on the topic at hand.","questions":"How does the PersonA's tone\/body language come across in turn 3?","answer":"Withholding"}
{"text":["Yes. Everywhere we looked, we found these networks using very, very similar tactics. And often, not - they're different from what I think we have seen in the U. S.  elections where Russian operatives set up groups for a very long time. And also, like, in European countries, we saw those groups operating for years, sometimes starting as a lifestyle page or a movie page, and then slowly, but surely, shifting to becoming a far-right page. That is a clear, deceptive tactic to pull in more and more people into their stories.","And this disinformation that you were finding - it tended to skew to the far-right, or were people on the far-left - were there other groups skewing it in different directions?","Yes. So we started looking at what actual disinformation is spreading and looked who's spreading is. And time and again, we went down a rabbit hole to the far-right. But in Italy, for example, we also found a lot of populist, but they're not far-right parties. So it was not only far-right, but mainly far-right - what we found in our research.","And you said you went down the rabbit hole of who was creating this. Just speak a little bit more about that. Was this official groups, random individuals - or can you even tell?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Far-right parties were the main spreaders of disinformation.","questions":"Which political groups spread most of the disinformation according to the research?","answer":"Far-right"}
{"text":["A year or so ago, the world was turned upside down - or part of the world was turned upside down - when we decided that it was it OK to say over ten instead of more than ten. And the internet change has brought a lot of reaction, too. Somebody tweeted, after we announced the change, AP has lowercased internet. Somewhere tonight, galaxies are burning.","(Laughter) And you know what?The AP and NPR will be there to cover them.","Absolutely.","Tom Kent, standards editor of the Associated Press. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The controversy and uproar caused by the change to saying \"over ten\" instead of \"more than ten\" is amusing.","questions":"What caused amusement?","answer":"Controversy"}
{"text":["I suspect that more than a wee dram has been ingested in Scotland, particularly over the past few months, between people grousing about being under the thumb of London and the U. K. In the end, did a lot of Scots decide they kind of like the English?","I really don't think this is a kind of loving of Britain. I think that we had a double negative affect here rather than a positive embrace of what's British. It was more to do with a fear of how we might mess up if we go it alone, I think. There is just something within the Scottish psyche, I think. It's fairly confrontational, the psychology of the Scots. We tend to not wholeheartedly embrace something and say, you know, oh God, we love being British or we love you or, you know, we'll say, ah, you're not bad. You know, that's a very Scottish expression. I think that's what we've done with England and the rest of the U. K.  You know what; it's not that bad rather than suddenly discovering our Britishness.","Ewan Morrison, author and screenwriter, author of \"Tales From The Mall,\" joining us from Glasgow, Scotland - still the U. K. Thanks very much for being with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"It was more to do with a fear of how we might mess up if we go it alone\" - The actual meaning is figurative, as the fear of the unknown future is not a physical object that can be \"done\" or \"messed up\", but rather a concept or emotion.","questions":"What was the reason for the Scottish not wholeheartedly embracing something?","answer":"Fear"}
{"text":["It's out of sight. It's really high. We have actual concentrations and standards that are somewhere like four, five times lower than that. So, these are all very, very high numbers, even when they're low on the Chinese scale.","It sounds as though you could project things ahead for the beginning of the Olympics. What would you expect?","Well, it's pretty good right now. But I've just been looking at the extended forecast for winds, and the middle of next week, things are going to change quite radically, around the 3rd or the 4th. The big high-pressure system from out over the Pacific is going to kick in, and that's going to produce strong winds coming over the polluted areas to the south of Beijing, and it's going to pick up a lot of pollution. And according to these forecasts, it's going to be a pretty dirty end of next week. And unfortunately, that coincides with the Opening Ceremonies a week from today.","Ken, these are official Chinese numbers that you're working with, and you are sitting there in Rhode Island looking at these. Are the numbers trustworthy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: Can you trust the accuracy of the Chinese air pollution numbers?","questions":"Which number is Ken looking at in Rhode Island?","answer":"Numbers"}
{"text":["You know, this is a very opaque system in Iran. And it's tough to sometimes know to what extent an action was sanctioned from the very top. And in some ways, President Trump gave Iran an out by saying that this was just a big mistake. This was a misunderstanding.","Could have been a junior officer somewhere or something like that.","Exactly.","Could it have been a junior officer somewhere?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker suggests that a junior officer may have been responsible for the action, not a higher-ranking official.","questions":"What kind of officer might have been responsible for the action?","answer":"Junior"}
{"text":["In the book, you describe what could be seen as a very mundane moment. Stax's owner, Jim Stewart, seated at a small desk in a small office. And across from him at the same desk is a man named Al Bell. I'd like you to read just a little bit for us.","(Reading) Jim was white. Al was black. Jim owns Stax Records. Al was joining the staff to promote the records - get them played, get them sold. It was 1965 in Memphis, Tennessee, the heart of the American South. Throughout this wide region, race mixing was nothing short of an assault on the social realm. Inside Stax Records, whites and blacks had worked side by side for half a decade. People who couldn't publicly dine together were making beautiful music that the public - black and white - loved to hear.","There was a core group that became kind of a house band.","Booker T and the MGs."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The second turn implies that Jim and Al working together at the same desk was an act of defiance against the racial norms of the time.","questions":"Which racial norms were defied by Jim and Al working together?","answer":"segregation"}
{"text":["Yeah. They're like, oh, my God. Make that face again. That's so funny. But it's not like that. And the reason I talked about it and shared when I did was because there started to be all these compilations of my tics that were made by the fans, which they just thought it was, like, goofy Billie is making a bunch of faces. And they're funny. Let's make a video about it, which is, of course, out of love. And they think that's funny. And they didn't - they don't know, you know?","O'CONNELL: Especially if they think you're doing them on purpose, then it's totally out of love.","They think I'm doing it on purpose. But I felt almost, like, attacked in a way, which was kind of stupid. But it's something like I've lived with my whole life and, like, not been open about because I didn't want it to label me, you know?","Sure, you don't want the whole - that to be the second sentence of every every paragraph about you."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"And they're funny.Let's make a video about it, which is, of course, out of love.\" - The implied meaning here is that the fans are making videos out of love for Billie, but they do not realize that these tics are a result of a neurological condition.","questions":"How did the fans react to Billie's tics?","answer":"Funny"}
{"text":["The so-called Energy Climate Czar, I think people are calling it. I suppose if we have a car czar, we have to have a climate czar. This is supposedly going to be Carol Browner, who was the head of EPA in both Clinton administrations, actually, I think probably the longest serving EPA director.","She's a lawyer. She used to work with Al Gore in the Senate. She has earned herself quite a reputation when she was working for President Clinton as a tough regulator, someone who defended the Clean Air Act vigorously against lawsuits brought by industry questioning some of the scope of the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act. So she comes with, again, quite a lot of green credentials and reputation for being very savvy on how Washington works.","And finally, Chris, can you tell us a bit about who is going to head up Mr.  Obama's EPA?","Again, the name that's being bandied about quite a bit about is a woman named Lisa Jackson. She is a chemical engineer, and she is working currently as the environment - she started working as the environment head for the state of New Jersey in 2006. And again, she also worked at EPA during the Clinton years, so we've got a couple of people here who were Clinton executives and environmental movers and shakers during the Clinton administration."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Carol Browner and Lisa Jackson are experienced environmentalists with strong backgrounds in regulation and policy.","questions":"Which two women have backgrounds in regulation and policy?","answer":"Carol"}
{"text":["So what's the difference between steganography and - I'm interested in the origin of the word steganography. Can you take that apart for us?","Well. . .","Stega-, sounds almost like a dinosaur.","Certainly. It goes back to the Greeks, and it basically means hidden writing. So - and what it often gets kind of mixed together with or lumped together with, is encryption, and it's kind of - they're like close cousins, and they're trying to do the same thing, but they have slightly different approaches.","And that was my next question. What is the difference between steganography and encryption?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : B is asking for a more detailed explanation of the difference between steganography and encryption","questions":"How is PersonB trying to clarify the distinction between steganography and encryption?","answer":"Clarify"}
{"text":["Well, they're very angry, obviously. I mean, in Argentina, they're already facing really very hard times. Inflation there is among the highest in the world. The economy is - you know, they've got this boom-and-bust economy that's right now in such a mess that the government very controversially decided to sign on to this huge $56 billion IMF bailout. There are strikes and protests over President Mauricio Macri's austerity program, regularly.","And right now, Steve, there's a very highly charged political environment - I mean, even more highly charged than usual - because presidential elections are coming up in October. Macri's fighting to keep his job in the face of a remarkable resurgence by the former president, Cristina Kirchner, who's running with her former cabinet chief, this time on a ticket to be vice president, despite a stack of corruption charges against her.","Plenty of debate to come on who can keep the lights on. Philip, thanks so much.","You're welcome.","NPR's Philip Reeves."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The situation in Argentina is very bad due to high inflation, strikes and protests, and the government's decision to sign a huge IMF bailout.","questions":"What is causing the political environment to become more highly charged than usual in Argentina?","answer":"Elections"}
{"text":["You know, the study that came out I think is scaring people in thinking that you're going to have to through like a two year master program to learn how to have black kids, if you're white parents. And it's honestly, you could probably knock it out in two hours. It's really not that difficult, there's a few things that you should know. And bringing your kids up in a diverse neighborhood is the most important of that.","And then, you know, if you have friends that are the same race of your kids, you just, you ask them for questions, and it's helpful to have them as a resource, it's something you definitely want to keep next to you when you're raising your kids.","My sister and I made my parents cooler by bringing in some color to the Stigger family. And that's the benefit of it. It is a little more work as parent, but you get so much more out of it. And it definitely helped me and my sister to have the viewpoints of two white people and still have the viewpoints of us as biracial kids.","If you were talking to someone who was, you know, say 10-years-old, what kind of advice would you give that age a person for dealing with an experience like yours?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : black kids implies children of African American people and not black colored kids ","questions":"Which type of kids is implied by the term \"black kids\" in the conversation?","answer":"African"}
{"text":["So do you think this would leave us in a better or worse position after these talks?I mean, it's a question whether or not this will actually go anywhere.","Well, it's - I mean, there's always a possibility that you would have the division laid out and follow-up meetings that strengthen that effort, and it goes somewhere productive. And that's what we all hope for. We'd like to see a denuclearized Korean peninsula. But I suspect it will be more of a pronouncement in which the two countries express interest in that direction. And then the details will get bogged down.","Senator Jeff Merkley of Oregon, thank you so much for speaking with us.","You're very welcome. Take care now."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The talks don't move, but they would cause people to have more talks that could cause events to happen.","questions":"What would be the outcome of the talks according to turn 1?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["And the early history of baseball is replete with teams that raided other teams for their catchers.","Oh, and particularly in the 1870s that the best teams were the ones with the best catchers. You really couldn't be successful without one. And Deacon White stood above everybody else to the point where he played on five consecutive championship teams. And he went from team to team and the championship just followed him around wherever he went.","He was quite a good hitter too.","He was a great hitter. He was a way above-average hitter, playing a position where, you know, the defense was so all-encompassing as a skill that you could, you know, you could really just put anybody there if they could field the position and not worry about their bat. But he was a consistent . 300 and above hitter."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : hitter refers to as a skilled gamer or sportsman ","questions":"What was Deacon White known for apart from being a catcher?","answer":"Hitting"}
{"text":["That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid. As a kid, he was - he hung around all the time with African-American kids. Those were his playmates, even in Hyannis. He was - he, you know, Father Feeney - when Father Feeney said no salvation outside the Catholic Church, he railed against that, which was so extraordinary in that very Catholic family.","You know, Ralph Bunche - he insisted that that great African-American statesman get to speak to a integrated audience at UVA when he was in charge of the lecture series down there. There's all kinds of evidence of Bobby in the beginning being a liberal in the best sense of that word. And I think it just came more to life after Jack was gone and after the old man was out of action.","Will American voters these days - and donors and journalists, for that matter - let a public figure change in public the way Robert Kennedy did?","Well, I think the hardest thing for him - and to me, the sweetest part of the book - was his evolution on Joe McCarthy. There's no doubt that he loved the guy. It came through right to the end when he was driving in the car at National Airport. And Kathleen, his young daughter, said he was so stricken by the news that McCarthy had just drank himself to death at Bethesda Naval Hospital that he drove around the airport three times. He was just distraught."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Will modern society be open to and tolerant of a public figure's change in opinion? ","questions":"Which book?","answer":"book"}
{"text":["How do you think people view the people that you grew up with now?","Well, I think - especially when we're talking about Appalachia, I think it's the same stereotypes we've been dealing with forever. I got off a plane in Arizona, and the person who was driving me said, you know, what do people where you come from think of your books?And before I could answer, she said, or can they read?","Oh.","And I looked at her, and I was kind of angered by that. But at the same time, I don't think she meant it that way. But I said, you know, of course we can read. And we even got shoes, you know. I think, in a lot of ways, we're dealing with the same stereotypes we've dealt with forever."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Well, I think - especially when we're talking about Appalachia, I think it's the same stereotypes we've been dealing with forever.\" Implication: The speaker believes that people from Appalachia are often subject to negative stereotypes that persist over time.","questions":"What stereotypes is the speaker referring to?","answer":"Appalachia"}
{"text":["Well, you're a gifted counselor. What do you think it might be?","I think it's triggering our students who have already experienced trauma and secondary trauma, and they've seen things. And we've seen students go through all kinds of emotional reactions during drills - panic and sadness and grief and fear because during those drills, you really don't know what's happening.","Given your history, given what you do now, given how close you come to some of these terrible issues, issues that are often too terrible to contemplate - if there are any one, two or three things you can change or say need to be done right now, what would they be?","I think our schools are doing everything they possibly can to make the environment safe. And I think one of the things that needs to change is it is not a conversation just for our schools anymore. What's happening is our world and our society are now entering our schools. And so we need to address our world and our society."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Schools alone cannot solve the issue of safety, society as a whole needs to address it.","questions":"What is the main message of turn 3?","answer":"Address"}
{"text":["Did you get an answer?","We did not. I guess - I suppose an answer in sort we're saying why; we don't know when it's going to be released. And then as we dug into it further, the answer that we really got was it was a White House decision.","You're hearing this from who - from - when you're reaching out to the Pentagon, they're telling you - ask the White House?","Correct. Yes."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They asked more questions to find out the answer and got one.","questions":"Which word describes what PersonA and PersonB were seeking in the dialogue?","answer":"Answer"}
{"text":["Well, there's no secret about this. The chief justice has been very clear. He doesn't want the court to be seen as a partisan institution. The other members of the court, both liberal and conservative, go around saying that this isn't a partisan institution at all. That's the message they want to convey, which is sort of hard at the moment.","But is that possible in this day and age, when we know by their - in their own account, conservative Republicans have tried to win elections so they can win Supreme Court appointments and you have several Democrats running for president now on the issue of enlarging the court?","You know, I wish I knew whether it's even possible anymore to have a Supreme Court that doesn't look partisan. I had always thought you really could. But if you look at the two cases before the court that are overtly partisan, the gerrymandering case and the census case, both would structurally allow Republicans to entrench their power even more than they have in the last decade or two. And I think it gets harder to sell the court as an apolitical institution, which is, as I said, what every member of the Supreme Court still tries to do.","You know, I interviewed Justice Stevens about a month and a half ago for a piece about his new book. And even he, a lifetime Republican, although deemed a Liberal on the court, appointed by President Ford, said it was hard for him to see the current court as apolitical. He said he still has hope, and so do I, but it's difficult."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The gerrymandering and census cases before the Supreme Court would allow Republicans to increase their political power.","questions":"What cases are mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Gerrymandering"}
{"text":["She says, look, we've got to do something some investment on sort of global warming issues, energy, independence issues. Let's use the recession to start creating a green economy.","Now, when you look at someone who is no longer in the race, John Edwards, he was often portrayed by supporters and portrayed himself as someone who was going to make ending poverty the center of his campaign. How would his approach have differed from both Senators Obama and Clinton?","Well, actually it turns out at the end of the day, the Edwards approach is fairly similar to sort of a combination of the Clinton and Obama proposals, and that's not surprising. Because John Edwards was the person who came out with a plan first - I thought it was the best plan - and the other candidates fit in in a lot of issues, actually copied John Edwards. In fact, John Edwards was - has truly been a forcing figure during this election, compelling Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton, both, to be more progressive than they might otherwise have been.","Well, let's talk a little bit about political philosophy. We've talked a bit about trickle-down economics, but then there's also the model of the government getting directly involved. Certainly ending the great depression by creating jobs itself - everything from jobs for writers and artists to road building, infrastructure. That does not seem to be a model that's been followed, certainly not to that extent - in decades. Is that even on the table, the whole prospect of the government actually stepping in and doing job creation itself?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"How would his approach have differed from both Senators Obama and Clinton?\" - The literal meaning is a question about how John Edwards' approach to ending poverty would differ from the approaches of Senators Obama and Clinton. The actual meaning is a question about the policy differences between the three candidates.","questions":"How was John Edwards' plan similar to a combination of Clinton and Obama proposals?","answer":"Similar"}
{"text":["Well, the French have the best intelligence and penetration of their communities in Europe. So there's going to be, as Eleanor said, a search for accomplices. The eight gunmen were killed. Seven of them blew themselves up with suicide belts, and one was shot. And Hollande restricted border access right away last night 'cause there's this concern that suspects or accomplices could escape. So this is actually exactly what happened during the Charlie Hebdo attacks in Paris earlier this year. You'll recall there was a gunman who took hostages in a kosher market. And police were searching for a woman that was with him. It turns out to be his wife. And as they were searching for her, she suddenly surfaced in Syria with ISIS. So they've put all these travel restrictions in place in hopes of avoiding a repeat of that.","Dina, France bristles with visible security. This is the second major attack in a year. What makes France this target?","Well, there's sort of a perfect storm going on in France. It's the third highest - it has the third highest number of foreign fighters who've gone to Syria from Europe. About 200 of those people have returned to France. And that's just too many people to keep an eye on. I mean, in fact, during the Charlie Hebdo attacks, they said one of the reasons why they stopped watching the Charlie Hebdo attackers was because they thought they had more severe threats that they needed to keep an eye on.","NPR's Dina Temple-Raston, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The French government is taking extra steps to ensure that any potential accomplices do not escape.","questions":"How did Hollande respond to the possibility of suspects or accomplices escaping?","answer":"Restricted"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Now, from what I hear you saying, you don't want to clean it out. You want to get more stuff in there. You're going to be cleaning out the good bacteria, would you not?","Well, that is a possibility. Although if you have problems, you clearly have some bad bacteria there that would be - that you could possibly clear out as well. What we're thinking is that perhaps something like a nasal clear out with saline are indeed anti-microbial, coupled with these rehabilitation approaches. So when you it clear it out, that you reinstate the appropriate organisms at that site, that that might be the best approach we could take for treatment.","And that, you know, 15 percent of chronic rhinosinusitis sufferers are - have good outcomes and resolved their disease symptoms with anti-microbials. So clearly, we're missing a part of the picture. We're currently - there's something missing that we need to add, and we think it's restoration of these organisms that may actually maintain a balanced immune response of these site and protect these mucosal surfaces. We actually think that something kind of an equivalent of a microbial shield at these sites (unintelligible)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A suggests using anti-microbial and rehabilitation approaches to clear out bad bacteria and reinstate appropriate organisms.","questions":"What is the approach that PersonA suggests to reinstate appropriate organisms?","answer":"Restoration"}
{"text":["Yeah. It's just pretty much everything.","Yeah.","But overall, is this space open to entrepreneurs of color?This space - meaning online social networking. Is there still room for new innovation?","Yeah. I think that's a great question and it absolutely is. I mean if anything, what we've seen now and what I've been preaching is that we need to start being more niche. More niche-focused is actually the better. So we come from a long way of having these broad sites that would just aggregate a whole bunch of people and just be this commercialized area to now to seeing real value and having super niche sites. It's kind of this whole thing that goes back to this idea of the long tale having fewer people that may be really passionate about a certain thing, than having a lot of people that may not really ultimately be interested."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Entrepreneurs of color may face challenges in the online social networking space","questions":"Which group of individuals may have difficulties in the online social networking space?","answer":"Entrepreneurs"}
{"text":["We just have this mythology about America being a melting pot and, you know, welcoming of immigrants. And we have our democratic ideals. And yet the true history is one of racism, of white supremacy. And peoples of color have never been particularly welcomed into this country. A lot of people still don't even know the history of the incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, so I want to go out of feeling youthful, you know, in my old age. And I think that that's something that I can talk about, you know, educate people. So what else can we do?","Chizu Omori is a writer living in Oakland.","Thank you so much.","Well, thank you for allowing me to speak up."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Melting pot doesn't refer to an actual pot, but is a metaphor for the country's population being a mix of different ethnicities and national origins.","questions":"Which metaphorical term is used to describe the population of the country in turn 0?","answer":"Meltingpot"}
{"text":["There are politicians from a wide variety of political parties that complain that the prime minister, Nouri al-Maliki, who is an Arab Shiite, that he has simply too much power. And critics have taken to calling him a dictator on TV over the last week. They're comparing his style of governance to Saddam Hussein. And they're basically holding up ratification and calling for a reform proposal that would curb many of Nouri al-Maliki's powers.","Meanwhile, Maliki's advisers are accusing these parties of using the American-Iraqi Treaty as a way to twist the prime minister's arm. They're calling this a desperate ploy for rival politicians to try to win popular support from the Iraq people.","So, Ivan, what are the prospects now for this status of forces agreement?It's intended to replace a U. N.  mandate which governs U. S.  troops being there. It's set to expire at the end of this year.","Well, that raises a lot of questions. The Iraqi prime minister has said he will not extend the United Nations mandate. The U. S.  has threatened, from what we're hearing from some Iraqi lawmakers, to begin withdrawal immediately."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Maliki's advisers accuse rival politicians of using the American-Iraqi Treaty as a desperate ploy to gain support from the Iraqi peopl","questions":"Which treaty are rival politicians accused of using as a desperate ploy?","answer":"American"}
{"text":["Is this a book about how someone becomes a terrorist?","In part. I talk about this as a sort of - as a Genesis moment for the book. But I remember distinctly I was watching this interview with a foreign affairs expert. And it was in the wake of the - there had been these sort of protests in an Afghan village against the U. S.  military presence in Afghanistan.","And the interviewer's question was something along the lines of, why do they hate us so much?And as part of his answer, this expert noted that sometimes the U. S.  forces have to go conduct these nighttime raids in these villages. And when they do this, they'll sometimes have to hold the women and children up at gunpoint. And they'll tear the places apart. And then he added, you know, in Afghan culture, this sort of thing is considered very offensive.","And I thought, you know, name me one culture on earth that wouldn't consider this sort of thing offensive?And so part of the book is - has to do with this idea that we all suffer the same way, and we become damaged by suffering in the same way regardless of which part of the world we grew up in or what we believe."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning: The speaker mentions that they discuss this as a significant starting point or origin for the book. The implied meaning: The speaker suggests that this event plays a crucial role in shaping the themes or direction of the book.","questions":"Which event is mentioned as a crucial starting point for the book?","answer":"Event"}
{"text":["Thank you. Thank you for saying snot-like. Not a - I don't believe we've had that phrase on our show before. So what is there. . .","It's a first.","What is there about this delightful mucus of the tongue?","Well, we spent a few years studying the frog tongue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) B: What is there about this delightful mucus of the tongue? - Implied meaning: What interesting properties does frog tongue mucus have?","questions":"What did they study?","answer":"frog"}
{"text":["But I think that the common thread in a lot of these cities is just that these systems are old. The systems are old and maintenance has been deferred on them. And, you know, in different ways and at different times, that's starting to catch up.","So it's part of the crumbling infrastructure problem in America?","(Laughter) Yeah, you could say that. I mean, I think that, you know - and certainly, when you think about it, these are some of the oldest pieces of infrastructure we have. Often when we talk about the crumbling infrastructure, folks are worried about our highway system or our bridges and so forth. But as you said, New York subway system is 112 years old. Boston's is even older. The rail system in San Francisco is also quite old. So this is some of the oldest infrastructure we have. And so it's not that surprising that it's starting to give out.","It's a special kind of horror to be delayed for, let's say, even half an hour or even five minutes, for that matter, in a subway car that's stalled that has no electricity that's well underneath the ground and the air is stifling. And that - just the fear of that happening is enough to drive people away, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"So it's part of the crumbling infrastructure problem in America?\" Implicated meaning: B is implying that the issue discussed in the previous statement is an example or a manifestation of the larger problem of deteriorating infrastructure in the United States. It suggests that the old and poorly maintained systems mentioned are indicative of a broader issue.","questions":"How does PersonB view the issue discussed in the previous statement?","answer":"Example"}
{"text":["Well. . .","UNIDENTIFIED MAN #3: What differences when this occured?","Would it be the safest places to be like I mentioned before?","It would certainly be the safest place to be, and it would actually feel much like a joyride. The difference is that you're not necessarily planning on it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is suggesting that the situation might not be as serious or dangerous as it initially seemed.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the situation?","answer":"Safe"}
{"text":["I've always felt like with Britain that there was always a kind of low-grade racism that one experienced almost on a daily basis. Like, in America, you feel it's a much bigger convulsion. And the society is kind of reckoning with it in a more sincere but more troubled way. In England, it was always very light, you know?So it was - you'd come in and the guys on the walkie-talkie would be like, ah, you're the Indian fellow who's going with Gabriella. And it was like - so like. . .","A limerick.","Yeah. The first line of a limerick. But obviously, there was an implication because at that point, there was no one of my shape and size and color around, you know?So it was definitely there.","You focus in this piece on Princess Michael of Kent, who recently, of course, caused controversy when she wore a blackamoor brooch when she met Meghan Markle, who is biracial. And you say that that isn't surprising that she would have done something like that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Daily racism in Britain is subtle but still present","questions":"How would you describe the racism experienced in Britain?","answer":"Subtle"}
{"text":["Diane Standaert of the nonprofit Center for Responsible Lending in Washington, D. C. , joins us now. Thanks very much for being with us.","Thanks for the opportunity to speak with you.","We're talking about car title loans and consumer finance loans. What are the differences?","Car title loans typically carry 300 percent interest rates and are typically due in 30 days and take access to a borrower's car title as security for the loan. Consumer finance loans have no limits on the rates that they can charge and also take access to the borrower's car as security for the loan. And so in some states, such as Virginia, there's very little difference between the predatory practices and the consequences for consumers of these types of loans.","How do people get trapped?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking how people can become trapped in debt due to car title loans and consumer finance loans.","questions":"How do car title loans and consumer finance loans lead to financial ______?","answer":"Debt"}
{"text":["OK.  Give us the background now. He has been charged with eight felony counts, including perjury and obstruction of justice.","Correct.","Remind us what happened.","Well, this all began quite some time ago. We're talking about a case that involves the firing of a couple police officers. And supposedly, these police officers were fired because they were investigating misconduct on the part of the mayor. And the mayor came up with a settlement, an $8. 4 million settlement that was paid out of the city's coffers."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : a request for a reminder of the timeline of events leading up to the current situation.","questions":"How many police officers were involved in the case mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"couple"}
{"text":["Yeah. The numbers aren't necessarily looking his way.","No.","Glenn Thrush is the chief political correspondent of Politico. Thanks so much for being back with us.","Great to be here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Glenn Thrush is a highly respected journalist and it is an honor to have him join us.","questions":"Which journalist is honored to join the conversation?","answer":"Glenn-Thrush"}
{"text":["Given that judges do have discretion in a lot of cases about, for example, whether or not someone can get a misdemeanor as opposed to a felony, do you think this really is effecting who's in prison right now?","Well, first, you have to realize, the first person who deals with whether there's a felony or a misdemeanor is the prosecutor. And it's prosecutorial discretion as to what they get charged with. A judge has no control over that. Now, they can work out a deal, or, in a preliminary hearing, reduce a charge or whatever. But the prosecutorial discretion is what most people don't see that tends to be skewed a great deal. So, by the time it gets to a judge, a big chasm may have already arisen about the level of charge that's been leveled on a particular individual.","Judge Toler, who's going to fix this?","We all have to fix it. And we have to fix it by being conscious of what's going on before it goes on. When I went to classes after I was elected a judge, I said, if you remember nothing else I tell you today, when you're 18, you vote. And you register to vote because it does make a difference, six votes in my race. We have to be conscious of the judges, one, and number two, I think we have to change judicial education."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Prosecutors have more power than judges in determining charges","questions":"Which legal authority holds more discretion in determining charges?","answer":"Prosecutors"}
{"text":["Well, prior to me going to medical school, I was actually a vegetarian. I was a martial artist. And I got exposed to concepts of diet and nutrition as it impacted health, and I got exposed to concepts of energy with respect to martial arts practice. And I really didn't see any of that in my medical school experience. Along with that, I had a just really open-ended approach to looking at medicine.","Being an African-American, I was not one of the good old boys in medical school. So you can either try hard to be a part of that club, or you can say to yourself, well, gosh, maybe there's some other things that can actually be explored. So Chinese medicine - I've explored that. I explored classical homeopathy. I explored nutrition. I explored other, particularly African cultural arts. And out of that, it just opened a whole worldview to me.","Give us some specifics on what African traditional medicine might incorporate into your practice.","At the heart of traditional African medicine is God and the ancestors, OK?So now, you have many Africans that want to take advantage of traditional medicine, but they don't want to acknowledge the roots. So the roots, as I'm saying, is understand your relationship with ancestors in terms of ancestors being a part of the community. The use of divination - on the surface, I mean, we've seen different things, maybe on TV or someone is throwing bones or caraway shells and then makes a pronouncement."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : As an African-American, I had to explore unconventional areas such as Chinese medicine, classical homeopathy, and African cultural arts, to gain a wider perspective in medicine.","questions":"How did the speaker gain a wider perspective in medicine?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["It seems simple at the outset, and we seem - we take it for granted. I mean, we're fortunate enough to be able to exercise our sense of taste and smell three times, if not more, a day. But what \"Taste What You're Missing\" is about is really stepping back, slowing down and understanding a little bit more about the mechanisms of what make up the concept of flavor, taste.","And so what I hope this book does is teach people a little bit more because we know that with greater understanding comes greater appreciation. And so the bottom line takeaway from this book, I hope, is a greater appreciation for food. And I'm not talking about just those meals where we go out to a fine restaurant, we - we're spending a lot of our money to have a special occasion meal.","I'm talking about those mundane meals that we have every day because there's joy and incredible sensory experiences in everything we put in our mouth.","1-800-989-8255 is our number if you'd like to talk with Barb Stuckey, author of \"Taste What You're Missing. \"And let's get right into this then, and talk about what is wrong with the way that most people taste food. What you're saying, we're not taking advantage of just eating a plain old meat-and-potatoes hamburger or something like that."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"let's get right into this\" - In this context, this phrase means to start discussing the topic at hand immediately. The literal meaning of getting into something would be to physically enter into it.","questions":"How does \"let's get right into this\" relate to the conversation between PersonA and B?","answer":"start"}
{"text":["The whistleblower still has not met with lawmakers or staff from those committees. The whistleblower's lawyers had been waiting for interim security clearances from the government so that they can accompany their client in any interviews or meetings with Congress. I'm told that those interim security clearances have come through, that they came through and took effect today, so that's a step forward. A source tells me that talks on setting up meetings with congressional committees are still taking place at this point, and there is no date set as of yet.","Another front to ask you about, Ryan, which is - three House committees today subpoenaed the Pentagon and the White House budget office. Do we know what they were subpoenaing, what they want?","Well, the House Intelligence, the House Oversight and the House Foreign Affairs Committees have been busy in the past week or so issuing subpoenas, all as part of this impeachment inquiry. They've already subpoenaed the White House and the State Department, as well as President Trump's personal attorney Rudy Giuliani.","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A whistle was not blown but a person complained about an event publically that could be illegal.","questions":"Which House committees subpoenaed the Pentagon and the White House budget office?","answer":"Oversight."}
{"text":["Well, I was doing some research at the - looking at the finding aids of the Ransom library in the University of Texas. And they have, like, a great, great, great number of works of Steinbeck over there. And when I did some more research, I looked and I said, oh, my God. This has been tucked away in a vault for 60 years. It was not released in English.","I contacted the Steinbeck estate, and I was lucky enough to get a yes because in my line of work, you can do all your homework, do all your research - and not to mention all the tears - and then you may get a very simple no. But. . .","So it's good when you get the yes.","It is. It is. It's rare but, you know, that's - those are the moments of life with you and - moments of your career which you savor."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : moments means periods of time they liked in life","questions":"Which word describes the rare moments in one's career that they savor according to turn 3?","answer":"moments"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . Or if you're sad about the way it ended but also want to be outside at the same time, not in front of a TV, this is the perfect time to pick up \"Wolf Hall. \"Now, I know. . .","A throwback.",". . . That sounds a little crazy. But - it's a throwback, but remember, the third one is coming out in 2020, in March of 2020. They just announced it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's implying that it resembles something old that was discarded and now returned.","questions":"Which book is being suggested to be picked up?","answer":"WolfHall"}
{"text":["What if Dr.  Martin King Jr.  were alive today?Would he be proud of America's progress on civil rights?Maybe he'd say we let him down by allowing the activism that fueled his movement to die from neglect. And what would King think of Obama's historic White House bid?Can you tell us anything new about his own assassination?","In his new book, \"What Would Martin Say?,\" Clarence B.  Jones uses King's life and speeches to guess where the late reverend might stand on the Iraq war, affirmative action and black leadership. Jones knew King well. He was one of the reverend's closest advisers. Jones even helped write the famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech.","Clarence Jones, welcome to NEWS & NOTES.","Hi, thank you so much. Glad to be here."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The book \"What Would Martin Say?\" uses King's speeches and life to guess his possible stance on current issues such as the Iraq war, affirmative action, and black leadership. The author, Clarence B. Jones, who was one of King's closest advisers, provides his interpretation of King's views.","questions":"How does Clarence B. Jones provide his interpretation of King's views in \"What Would Martin Say?\"","answer":"Interpretation"}
{"text":["Yeah.","The Land O' Lakes butter box - there's a Native American on that. And an informal poll of people taken around here suggests a lot of people don't even see her.","Well, she's in your refrigerator. And God knows what she's doing at night. I never look closely at it myself. I do buy that brand. And when you look at it closely, what you see is she's kneeling. And she's holding the box that she's in. And so it recedes into infinity. In other words, you know, in that box, you see her again and again and again. So it's this amazing combination of American identity, a generic Indian with really brilliant graphic design that, you know, you don't really notice. But I really do think she's up to something at night in the refrigerator.","(Laughter) I'll check. Is it offensive?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B: \"(Laughter) I'll check.\" - This is an expression of amusement that does not actually mean the speaker will check if the Native American figure on the butter box is offensive or not.","questions":"Which expression of emotion does PersonB show in response to A\u2019s statement about the Land O' Lakes butter box?","answer":"Laughter"}
{"text":["Well, look. Latinos care about the economy. They care about education. They care about health care and national security. So when you weigh those things on a scale, you'd be surprised how much folks embrace the conservative message. In fact, more Latinos self-identify as conservatives than they do as liberals.","Right. Obviously, Latinos are not a monolithic group. Many Cubans, for example, vote Republican because of their particular history. But how do you sell the conservative view at this particular point in time?You may have a powerful economic message. But can that resonate if an entire demographic may feel demonized and under threat?","Look. Latino citizens are smart, mature, educated voters who understand and can disassociate the comments of the president with what, you know, they need for solid policy that is going to make their lives better. I mean, that's what you have to ask yourself at the end of the day, you know, when you vote for some one person or the other, or one party or the other. Will that person make my life better?And that's the calculation that everybody makes. And Latinos do, too. So look. It's up to the candidate. And it's up to the party to sell their message, to market their message. We're a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization. And what we advance are principles. And that's what Latinos embrace.","But it's not just the president. The Republican Party and its base has swung to the right on the issue of immigration and how to deal with it. There hasn't been a discussion, for example, of reform, looking at how people can work here legally but rather enforcement, deporting people, building walls."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Latino citizens can disassociate comments from the president and focus on solid policy","questions":"What group of voters can disassociate comments from the president?","answer":"Latinos"}
{"text":["And there is a correlation between dogfighting rings and other crimes, perhaps?","Oh, my God, yes. You know, if you've got dogfighting and gambling, you got just about any type of crime that goes with it. It - and that's what people are more aware of.","What is the line, as research has established it, between people who abuse animals and violence against other human beings?","Well, the research is very clear. And it's been there for a long time, as I said earlier. Law enforcement just hasn't got it yet, even though some have. Some agencies do a very good job. It's growing. If you look back at Son of Sam and Dahmer and. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn (4) is implying that even though research has been conducted in this area, law enforcement has not been paying attention to it and is only now beginning to do so.","questions":"Which turn implies that law enforcement has not been paying attention to the research conducted in the area of animal abuse and violence against human beings?","answer":"Implying"}
{"text":["UNIDENTIFIED SPORTSCASTER #4: And you can just tell the way the big fellow was laughing, he thinks that's it.",". . . But his new book is a tribute to another legend, his coach at UCLA, John Wooden. Their 50-year-long friendship started on the court at Pauley Pavilion and grew over lunch at VIP's Cafe in Tarzana and long afternoons of easy conversation in coach Wooden's den. This week on Out of Bounds, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, author of \"Coach Wooden And Me. \"He joins me now from NPR West. Welcome so much to the program.","Thank you very much, nice to talk to you.","At the beginning of the book, you write about how you and coach Wooden when you first met were an odd couple sitcom waiting to happen. Tell us about who you were then."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) implies that Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and John Wooden were an unlikely pair when they first met.","questions":"Which book is a tribute to Coach John Wooden?","answer":"Coach"}
{"text":["We should say this is a multi-level chess game, and we can only see the top level - the overt actions, not the covert. But these diplomatic measures that we can see do seem like gestures, really, only. And economic sanctions are the real deal. Russia has suffered economically in recent years from sanctions. They do hate those sanctions. But, of course, what they really hate is low oil prices.","Has the Obama administration been late to recognize the threat from Russia?","Perhaps not to recognize the threat but slow to get serious about it. After the Crimea sanctions, there were lots of other provocations, Syria being the worst, Obama clearly not willing to go to war in Syria. So Russia has had something of a free field of fire as it were. But as far as the cyberhacking of this election campaign, the administration did sound the alarm last fall, but they did not go to the mat, in part, because they didn't want to appear to be interfering with the election themselves. And let's face it, they thought Hillary Clinton was going to win anyway.","Ron, this was the administration that said we needed to do a reset with Russia. What happened?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"do a reset\" means to attempt to improve a relationship between two parties, rather than resetting a machine.","questions":"How does \"do a reset\" refer to improving a relationship?","answer":"improve"}
{"text":["And he didn't live much longer did he?","No. He was - he went back to Vermont, discovered that he had cancer, and dying probably six or eight months after that. One of the things that is very difficult to convey to outsiders is the extent to which heartbreak played such a physical, tangible role in people's decline after the storm, and that certainly people had ailments that may have been bothering them even before the storm, but it seemed that the psychological and emotional toll of the failure of the levees really was that much more exacerbated. You find people who may have had blood pressure problems all their lives suddenly dying of stokes, and we in New Orleans believe firmly that that was because of the pressures brought about as a result of the hurricane and the failure of the levees.","Is that why some people refer to this documentary as a requiem?","Indeed. I mean, we like to refer to it more as a love poem for the city because much of what we really focus on is not the storm at all. A lot of it is to tell you about how important this neighborhood was, to give you some sense of what it feels like to be in the middle of a street parade in the Faubourg Treme. Give you a sense of what our musicians are dealing with and talking about. Give you some sense of what people are writing about. We hesitate to call this a Katrina film. It really is a love poem to New Orleans."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : NOTHING IS NOT GOOD.SO IT WAS A VERY MEANING FULL","questions":"How would you describe the impact of heartbreak on people's health after the storm?","answer":"Exacerbated"}
{"text":["Think of it this way. So, I mean, if you had a bucket of rice, right?","Yeah.","And they're mostly white grains of rice. But in there, there are a few ones that are brown, and you know that a certain country tends to produce that mixture. Well, then you'd say I have some confidence this rice came from that country. It's like that, except that the ones that are a different color, they're not that easy to tell. You have to actually look into their genome along the many, many, many chemical letters, and you'll find a slight, slight difference. So it's very difficult.","So what is it that these scientists were doing?What were they creating along the way to try to solve the mystery of who had perpetrated this crime?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn (3) by speaker B is an example of a statement whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.  In this turn, speaker B uses a metaphor of a bucket of rice to explain the concept of DNA analysis and how it can be used to identify the origin of a sample. The actual meaning of the turn is that DNA analysis can reveal subtle differences in the genetic makeup of individuals, which can be used to identify their origin or other characteristics. However, the literal meaning of the turn is about a bucket of rice and the difficulty of identifying a few brown grains of rice in a sea of white grains.","questions":"How does speaker PersonB use a metaphor to explain DNPersonA analysis in turn 2?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":["And so my point is that with the fact that they didn't seem to have old and outdated technology, you couple that now with an administration that's new, that basically, I say he made it into the White House due to the speed of the Internet. So you have a bunch of people that are used to using Facebook, social networking, mobile phones and wireless connectivity, and then you take them back into what feels like the '80s. That's just not going to work.","It seems really bizarre. I have another question for you, and I don't know if you have the answer to it or not. Since the president - I want to talk about the BlackBerry again - since the president was allowed to keep his BlackBerry, are we to assume that there has been some sort of technological advancement with regard to security that the president's BlackBerry would have, that my BlackBerry and your BlackBerry don't have?","Yeah.","My BlackBerry and your BlackBerry sitting by the fire."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He made into the White House because of how fast information is shared.  If you take people back to a time when they did not happen no one will like it.","questions":"What is the reason for the statement made by A?","answer":"Advancement"}
{"text":["He just said Father Sullivan was a great orator. He was a great debater on theology - so on and so forth. And then my wife asked if there are any relatives living in the area?And he said, I don't think so. But there is a relative connection in Buffalo if you'd be interested in hearing about that. So he took us down the hall into a bigger office. He sat behind the desk. We sat on the other side. He said to my wife, are you an attorney?And she said no. He looked at me - are you an attorney?I said no. He said whatever we say here will stay in this room today. So I said to him, you know. He said, yeah, I know. I said, how do you know?He said, you look just like him.","Wow. Oh, that must have been an extraordinary moment.","Well, it was a moment that I didn't expect. And I guess, you know, it was spontaneous on his part. He's in his 80s. I pop in. He knew I existed but never thought I'd knock on his door. I went back to see him, though, about a month later to get the details of what he had told me before, and he rescinded everything he said.","And then what happened?What did you do to get to the point where you actually were able to exhume your father's body?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Whatever each person said at that time will not be repeated to anyone.","questions":"What did the person say to ensure confidentiality during the conversation?","answer":"Stay"}
{"text":["Well, I think one of my roles - at least the way I pretty much defined my life and work for 35 years in the academy and was quite lucky in serendipitous ways began teaching at Yale at the time of the moment that's now considered, I guess, the revolutionary moment at Yale with the Black Panthers and Bobby Seale and Erica Huggins and others.","So, I always saw a kind of resistive undercurrent in the university even at its Ivy League level. And I've tried to identify myself in the academy with that resistive undercurrent. And I've tried to maintain an integrity of my public appearances and what I write that never refuses to look at the fact that racism, in my estimation, is more rampant in the United States and globally than ever before.","One can say is the glass half-full or half-empty. I think that's mere casuistry. It seems to me that the glass is empty for the majority of Americans now, not just black Americans, and it's not near any liquid refreshments source that I know of, the foreclosures, the economics of the present time, the war.","It seems to me that Henry Louis Gates Jr.  and Cornel West made a deliberate turn at a certain point in their career and decided, in the case of Mr.  Gates for example, that he was not going to do another profoundly brilliant book in his\u2026","Well, professor, I'm sorry, we have to wrap this up. There's a lot there, but thank you so much, Professor Baker."],"speaker":["A","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The interview or conversation is coming to an end and the speaker needs to conclude.","questions":"What does the speaker in turn 3 suggest about Henry Louis Gates Jr. and Cornel West's career?","answer":"Career"}
{"text":["That's right. There are a few things in particular that stood out in the early excerpts. I haven't had the chance to get my hands on the book yet. But a couple of things in particular. One is that Bannon talks about that infamous Trump Tower meeting in June of 2016 that featured Donald Trump Jr. , Jared Kushner, Paul Manafort and the meeting that they had with the Russian lawyer, who was offering dirt on Hillary Clinton. Bannon describes the meeting as treasonous, as unpatriotic. And he says that those three should've called the FBI immediately. A second thing is that he also says that there's no way - there's no way that Trump Jr.  didn't walk the Russians up one floor to the 26th floor of Trump Tower and introduce them to Trump himself.","We should explain that's his - he doesn't know that happened, but he just finds it inconceivable it didn't.","He doesn't offer any proof. He wasn't in the campaign at the time. But this would be important if true because Trump has denied any knowledge of the Russian overtures, any knowledge of Russian outreach. And it would - this would obviously contradict that. The last thing is that Bannon says that the investigation is going to focus on money laundering. There are indications that Mueller's team may indeed be looking at that. So a lot to digest there.","NPR's Ryan Lucas, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Bannon describes the meeting as treasonous, as unpatriotic.\" - The actual meaning of this turn is figurative and implies that Bannon believes the meeting was disloyal and against the country's interests, rather than literally being an act of treason.","questions":"Which word describes the meaning of Bannon's description of the Trump Tower meeting?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["And in most car journeys, he'd be playing me music and reciting poetry. So it was really extraordinary being a daughter of such a man.","Rebecca, I mentioned earlier how I grew up in a very religious family. I don't go to church that much anymore. Actually, I don't go at all. So I'm wondering, for you, where is your faith now?Do you still have it?","No one's asked me that question (laughter). I would say that one of the things I expected from this book was that it would lay some ghosts for me, and I think it has. I still cannot open the Bible without hearing the sound of those men using scriptures almost like rapiers with each other. They knew the Bible inside out, so they would use one scripture to trump another. And it was all men locking horns, you know. So it's hard for me not to see the Bible full of words that have been used for warfare, if you like.","And yeah, I've been surprised at the effect on me of writing the book and also of the many, many people who have written to me, ex-Brethren - I would say 70 or 80 by now - beautiful letters from elderly people writing to me to say, the Brethren was a terrible thing. We all lived through it - and telling me their stories but saying, I came to find a kinder God and kinder Christians outside. And I've been really moved by how much people have wanted me to know about their kinder God."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implication of the statement is that the Bible has been used for power struggles and arguments between men.","questions":"How does Rebecca perceive the Bible?","answer":"Powerstruggles"}
{"text":["You've lived with HIV your entire conscious life - I mean, as I understand it, that you contracted HIV through blood transfusion when you were an infant in the early 1980s. So do you sense a change in how HIV has been viewed by the broader public and not just by the medical community?I mean, do you remember - I mean, I don't know that most of us kind of as kids think about becoming an organ donor, right?","(Laughter).","But do you remember feeling that the world of possibility has changed for you?","I do think in some places in America things definitely have changed with the science. In places, for example, where I live in the Deep South, there are a lot of long-held stigmatizing beliefs that people still have. And one of the reasons I did decide to go public as a resident of Atlanta was to really push people's perceptions into the 21st century because I couldn't think of any better way to show people that, you know, this isn't the 1980s anymore. You can live a long and healthy life living with HIV. People like me don't bring death, we can actually bring life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A's statement \"People like me don't bring death, we can actually bring life\" is an example of non-literal meaning as it is not meant to be taken literally. It is a metaphorical statement to challenge the stigmatizing beliefs associated with HIV and to promote awareness that individuals with HIV can lead long and fulfilling lives.","questions":"Which statement challenges stigmatizing beliefs associated with HIV?","answer":"People"}
{"text":["You know, I'm not sure exactly where the cuts will take place. I know they've got several issues in mind. I think it's definitely a reflection upon the times right now, and how difficult the environment is for financial service firms.","You wrote in your piece today that the bonus pool is still the sixth largest on record. How much money was it overall?","Overall, it was 18. 4 billion, but it was down from about 33 billion last year. So it's a decline, but it's still, like you said, the sixth largest, so there's been thoughts that the past compensations have gotten a little excessive. So there's definitely an argument that that was the case.","And all of this in the wake of a bonus scandal at Merrill Lynch. What's been going on there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The cuts will be significant and likely affect employees.","questions":"Which employees?","answer":"Financial"}
{"text":["Before summer slips away, North Country Public Radio's Brian Mann decided to take a day off from work for one last hot-weather canoe trip in upstate New York. With his wife Susan, Brian paddled and trekked through the Ausable Marshes in the Champlain Valley. He sent back this audio postcard.","We've just set out into the Ausable Marshes, this gorgeous delta of marshlands and ox-bows that form here between the Ausable River and Lake Champlain. Already, just a few paddle strokes from the road, it's green and humid.","B.  MANN: The forest along the river is lush with birds. A kingfisher loops from bank to bank. It feels sort of tropical and up in the bow of the canoe, Susan strips down to her swimsuit.","This paddling reminded me of the Louisiana bayou. Not quite as hot."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Manns were looking forward to a relaxing and enjoyable day out in the nature.","questions":"What was the Manns' destination for their canoe trip?","answer":"Ausable-Marshes"}
{"text":["I got a glance over the weekend, and the sky was beautifully blue. I mean, really, it was wonderful. And the air pollution index for that day was exceedingly low. Also, it was like 17. That's lowest since I've been keeping track.","This, I think, has to do with changes in weather patterns that appeared to start somewhere in the first week of August. The arrival of rainfall and winds from the northeast and form the northwest, which would bring in cleaner air, and in particular lack of strong winds from the south that would bring up the heavy levels of pollution.","Yet, you've said earlier that the air pollution in Beijing mostly blows in from elsewhere. So these steps that the city officials have taken in recent months with changing traffic patterns and closing factories, really, that's not a factor here?","Well, you know, I've been looking at the day they very carefully tried to decide what is really going on this summer. We know that the controls did something. It's just that I, at least, am unable to pick out their effects in the data so far."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"blows in from elsewhere\" means \"originates from other regions\" rather than \"physically blows in from other regions\"","questions":"What does the phrase \"blows in from elsewhere\" imply?","answer":"Cleaner"}
{"text":["Well, the information we're getting, as you said, comes from the UAW. Specifically, it comes from UAW Vice President Terry Dittes, who's been offering up some occasional updates to UAW members. And on Friday, Terry Dittes sent out a letter saying they had made good progress in the talks, and that was a great sign. You know, the strike has dragged on for three weeks, going on the fourth week now. And this was one of the first signs that there had been progress.","But by Sunday, that had completely changed, and Terry Dittes said this time that, in fact, they had taken a step back, and the union could not be more disappointed in GM, and what he explained happened was that there was an offer on the table. UAW responded, made its counter offer, taking into account a bunch of things. And what Terry Dittes said is, on Sunday morning, when GM responded to that latest offer, GM basically didn't respond at all. It just reiterated its previous offer and didn't address anything that the UAW had brought up.","So they seem to be at a stalemate. It seems like things are not going well right now.","OK. So we have the union's version, maybe a little bit less from GM's side. But in any case, no doubt that they don't have a deal and people are still on strike. So what have you seen and heard when you go out and talk to workers?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The talks had gotten worse as they were returning to what they had spoken of before. Offers were made and rejected. The table is just a metaphor for the two sides talking to one another.","questions":"How did GM respond to UAW's latest offer on Sunday?","answer":"Nothing"}
{"text":["So I guess you could be arguing that they're just coming down to realistic levels.","Yeah, I could be arguing that.","All right. Well, let's talk about what this means in relation to the president's recently announced housing rescue package. Now, I understand that it's only applicable if you have a loan of less than $417,000. In other words, not a jumbo loan, and if you're only five percent underwater.","That's right. It does include people who have not defaulted yet, which is a good thing, and it's focused on the right target. The right target is this auctions market, which has gotten clogged. That's really by and large - it's all over the country, but it's particularly in low states, in these four states, and it's at the low end of the market. So most of the properties that are in foreclosure or a lot of the properties in foreclosure are actually within that conforming limit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Not underwater, but when a person owes more than the house is worth.","questions":"Which loan amount is eligible for the president's housing rescue package? (Answer: less than $417,000)","answer":"$417,000"}
{"text":["So we just had midterm elections, as you know, and people really said health care is an important issue to them. And, you know, that's not a surprise. But lots of Republicans were running ads during this midterm, saying that they were the ones who are going to protect people's health care and, specifically, protect people with pre-existing conditions, which is one of those more sensitive issues around the Affordable Care Act. People want to make sure that if they're sick, they can get insurance.","But in this lawsuit, these Republican attorneys general specifically argue that the pre-existing condition protections had to be struck down when that mandate went away. So now you have Republicans sort of trying to play both sides, which is going to be difficult.","And then there's one other point that, you know, I think a lawyer made to me last night. Congress, in 2017, voted multiple times on whether to repeal the Affordable Care Act, and they didn't do it. And now this judge has gone in and done it by himself. And one lawyer called this a breathtaking act of judicial activism.","In the end, if the Affordable Care Act goes away, if it's abolished, what can we expect to happen?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Republican politicians are trying to both protect and remove pre-existing condition protections","questions":"How are the Republicans dealing with pre-existing condition protections?","answer":"Both"}
{"text":["Oh yes, in fact the conventional laser was only two years old, and it taught us that light could be coherent. But it didn't say anything about a semiconductor and whether the semiconductor would do this. And actually the furor started with Rediker's group from Lincoln Laboratories, MIT, reporting that they had gotten good spontaneous light out of gallium arsenide.","And then several of us went home and realized there ought to be a way to make that coherent, into a laser, and we did it. And - but I'm the guy that was crazy enough to make my own homemade alloy, which a lot of people didn't think would work, and shift it up to where the eye could see. And that's the whole basis of it.","Ah, did you - why did it take 50 years?","Well because these crystal systems are complicated, how to grow them is complicated. There are wrong methods and arguments about right ways to proceed, and it just - it's a zig-zag process. You make a bad move, and then you're going to make another move to find your way, and it just took a long while to get there."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Creating the semiconductor laser required trial and error.","questions":"Which process?","answer":"Trial"}
{"text":["Chop, chop into smallish pieces.","OK.","Then you soften eight ounces of cream cheese, and you blend that with two-thirds of a cup of sour cream, get it all nice and smooth and then you spread that over the minced onion.","And you have the ambulance on speed dial, but yeah. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of turn (1) is to hurry up and finish the task quickly.","questions":"What does PersonA ask PersonB to do in turn 0?","answer":"Chop"}
{"text":["Sean Flynn describes what he calls the beat-by-beat horrors of those terrifying 198 minutes in the August issue of GQ, and he joins us now from member station WCPN in Cleveland. Good to have you with us today.","Oh, thanks, Neal. It's good to be here.","And you tell the story through the eyes of several witnesses. The first person we meet is a young man named Adrian.","Yeah. Adrian was, you know, oddly enough, he was brand new to a leadership position in the AUF, the youth wing of the Labor Party. He had just been hired 11 days earlier as the district secretary from the town of Skien. And when this first started happening, he didn't recognize this as gunfire. He didn't really know to be afraid. He was curios because people don't shoot each other in Norway. And he was convinced that because of the bombing, this must be some sort of prank, that it was, you know, maybe an exercise that the Labor Party was putting on to try to show these kids what it would be like to live in a warzone."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Adrian was inexperienced and naive, and did not immediately understand the gravity of the situation, mistaking the gunfire for a prank.","questions":"Which AUF position had Adrian been hired for in Skien?","answer":"District-Secretary"}
{"text":["Do you ever feel that way, you're just so tired of singing, but you know you have to because that song is so closely associated with who you are?","Well \"Band of Gold\" would be it, but by the time I get to the end of the show, and I'm coming back for that last encore\u2026","(Singing) Now that you're gone, all that's left is a band of gold\u2026","A lot of times, I will do \"Band of Gold,\" and as a matter of fact, I - and I find that it's a good thing because I see people in the audience just light up, like (unintelligible)\u2026"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"(Singing) Now that you're gone, all that's left is a band of gold\u2026\" - The implied meaning here is that the person is singing a melancholy song about the loss of a loved one and how all that remains is a tangible reminder of their love (represented by a band of gold).","questions":"What is the tangible reminder that the person is singing about in the song?","answer":"Tangible"}
{"text":["It was an amazing list. This started around 1910. There was a long list of books, and, at the start, they were things that sound pretty ordinary now, the things you mentioned, titles of things like \"Tom Swift and His Airship,\" \"Tom Swift and His Wireless Message. \"My favorite is \"Tom Swift and His Photo Telephone. \"If you read \"Tom Swift and His Photo Telephone,\" which is written in 1914, it sounds like you're hearing the description of Skype or Google Hangout.","The boy inventor invented this in 1914 fictionally, but the details are surprisingly similar.","Are people still reading those books, the Tom Swift books?","That's a good question. There were two big series. The first series started in 1910, went up to about 1940. They updated it in the 1950s and '60s with things like \"Tom Swift and His Rocket Ship,\" \"Tom Swift and His Giant Robot\" and on and on. Those petered out. And they started up a few later, but the later ones just got off into sort of fantasy."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The details in the Tom Swift books are surprisingly accurate.","questions":"What is surprising about the Tom Swift books?","answer":"Details"}
{"text":["What changed your mind because you did start college for a while?","Well, ever heard of the Three Cs?Civilian Conservation Corps, that was started by Franklin Delano Roosevelt, at that time the president of the United States. And he started that program to get young boys like me off the street and try to put them in places where they could learn a trade. And I joined that, and that's when I started to learn about gasoline engine, diesel engines and heavy equipment.","That probably served you pretty well when you went into the military. How did you get into the military and what did you do once you went in?","After I left the CCC camp, I went to the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth, Virginia. That's where I learned to run engine lathe and I made part for ships. And I wanted to volunteer for the Army, but I was drafted. And drafted and was sent to Camp Ellis, Illinois where I take my basic training and went to - overseas in a quartermaster service company in Germany, first France."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"And drafted and was sent to Camp Ellis, Illinois where I take my basic training and went to - overseas in a quartermaster service company in Germany, first France.\" - The phrase \"take my basic training\" is a figurative expression meaning to undergo or complete the required military training, rather than actually taking or carrying something.","questions":"What did the speaker do after being drafted?","answer":"Overseas"}
{"text":["And its search-advertising technology is probably the best on the web, so that made Yahoo feel like, hey, we actually have another option. Maybe we don't have to sell out. Maybe we can just utilize some licensing from our partner-slash-competitor and still be able to keep our brand intact. So, it all remains to be seen, but I think it may have worked out that they didn't do it.","Let me throw another company into the mix. What about AOL?After the big AOL-Time Warner merger in 2000, the combined company lost billions of dollars. Now, Time Warner dropped AOL from its name, fired the AOL CEO. Now wants to offload the company. Are any of these three companies we're talking about, Yahoo!, Google and Microsoft, going to go belly up and buy AOL, you think?","You know, that's something that is highly discussed. AOL is going through some serious challenges. We've met with some of their executives over other projects that had to be put off, be delayed, in fact, because of some of these issues. Their headquarters in Dulles, Virginia, has now changed.","They've moved a lot of people out to New York City to try to play up a more of an advertising role and an advertising partner. So, I still think AOL has a strong brand, although I think that brand is with an older audience. I think they've been trying to reinvent themselves. Some of the acquisitions, though, in video has been really smart on their part, like Truveo."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Yahoo was considering selling out but decided to keep their brand intact.","questions":"Which company was trying to reinvent themselves according to PersonA in the dialogue?","answer":"AOL."}
{"text":["And what kind of station wagon was it?We had a Rambler.","It's an old Ford.","And old Ford, yeah.","Old Ford, you know, with the wood paneling."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A confirms B's statement without acknowledging the age of the car.","questions":"What does PersonA say in response to PersonB's description of the car?","answer":"And"}
{"text":["No, because the guys used to sit on the porch and play their guitars and (unintelligible). And then would beat to the tap of their foot. So I kind of adapted that tanta-ta-tan-tum, tanta-ta-tan-tum(ph). I mean, because - I mean, my people - my relatives, most of them were from Jackson, Mississippi. So when they migrated to Indianapolis, they kind of brought a lot of that feeling.","When he said write a hit, that one song people know me all over the world, in Russia, Africa, Japan, all over the world, people, the first thing they say when they see me, \"Red Clay. \"","In the course of your career, you had, obviously, highs and you had some lows, and they've been described as personal problems. Without going into detail, are we to assume that those problems were substance abuse related?","Well, substance abuse, I wouldn't really say I had a problem with that. I mean, I would say that at one period in the '70s, I started partying, I was in Hollywood A-list(ph). And everybody would come up there, I mean, all kind of movie stars, all kind of football stars, basketball stars, actors. And I had a spot right there in (unintelligible) overlooking the (unintelligible). And the people that I had coming up there - now, the substance abuse, it was around because a lot of people who would come to see me would bring it. But I would never really say I had a habit or anything like that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : People brought substance abuse to my parties, but I never had a habit.","questions":"How did the substance abuse come to my parties?","answer":"People"}
{"text":["From NPR News, it's Day to Day. Later tonight, I will be hosting dinner at my house with friends I invited, which hopefully will keep the meal mellow because we all tend to see eye to eye on most things.","But not everyone is as lucky. If you find yourself sharing a table today with family or friends who don't share your political views, well, fret not. Slate. com's chief political correspondent John Dickerson has put together some ammunition to help you should the conversation turn to politics. He joins us now from his home in Washington, D. C.  Hi, John.","Hello. Happy Thanksgiving.","And to you as well. John, you have for Slate provided backup to both sides of the argument on a number of topics. Let's start off with the financial crisis. Now, let's say that your Aunt Edna is a Democrat and your cousin Joe is a Republican. What argument can each of them make over the pumpkin pie as to who's to blame for all this mess?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Political conversations can be contentious and require preparation","questions":"How can political conversations be?","answer":"Contentious"}
{"text":["Does this book take the position that President Trump is simply wrong about Russia?","No. No, it does not say that. And I would underline that this book is not an anti-Trump book or a pro-anyone book. It's not anti- or pro-anyone. Maybe it's hard to believe in today's Washington, but we actually have no agenda (laughter).","John McLaughlin is a former acting CIA director. Thank you very much for joining us today.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker is hinting at an underlying issue or concern that they are not comfortable discussing directly.","questions":"Which issue is the speaker hinting at?","answer":"Issue"}
{"text":["There are politicians from a wide variety of political parties that complain that the prime minister, Nouri al-Maliki, who is an Arab Shiite, that he has simply too much power. And critics have taken to calling him a dictator on TV over the last week. They're comparing his style of governance to Saddam Hussein. And they're basically holding up ratification and calling for a reform proposal that would curb many of Nouri al-Maliki's powers.","Meanwhile, Maliki's advisers are accusing these parties of using the American-Iraqi Treaty as a way to twist the prime minister's arm. They're calling this a desperate ploy for rival politicians to try to win popular support from the Iraq people.","So, Ivan, what are the prospects now for this status of forces agreement?It's intended to replace a U. N.  mandate which governs U. S.  troops being there. It's set to expire at the end of this year.","Well, that raises a lot of questions. The Iraqi prime minister has said he will not extend the United Nations mandate. The U. S.  has threatened, from what we're hearing from some Iraqi lawmakers, to begin withdrawal immediately."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The U.S. is using the threat of immediate withdrawal to pressure Iraq into extending the United Nations mandate","questions":"What is the U.S. threatening to do to pressure Iraq?","answer":"Withdrawal"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. A skyscraper overlooking the Sydney Harbor was named best tall building from Asia and Australia. Why?Why was this tall building a standout?","Well, this, again, is a very beautiful tower, but that is innovating in that a large part of the building is naturally ventilated. And we lost our way with tall buildings in architecture generally maybe 60, 70 years ago when we had the freedom to disconnect them from their environment by creating enclosed, mechanically ventilated boxes.","So this is a, you know, a 60-story tower in Sydney which uses the wind, the ventilation, to naturally ventilate a huge atrium, which runs the full height of the building. Quite innovative.","You say that 95 percent of the tall buildings in the world are terribly designed."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"terribly designed\" is a figurative expression that means poorly designed or not meeting certain standards. It does not refer to buildings that are literally falling apart or unusable.","questions":"Which expression did \"B\" use to describe the design of tall buildings in the world?","answer":"Terribly"}
{"text":["Are we talking about resveratrol here?","Well, the resveratrol discovery was about 10 years ago. We, my colleagues and I, made that discovery. But what we've done since then is use that as a - just a stepping stone, a proof of concept to make much more potent synthetic drug-like molecules that are just in the beginnings of human clinical trials. And this paper is about the finding that these molecules from grapes and the synthetics all seem to work through this one particular gene, genetic pathway we call the sirtuin pathway.","Let's back up a little bit and talk about the study you did in mice. What did you find - what did you give the mice, and what did you find there?","Well, originally we found resveratrol just in a test tube, looking for molecules that would turn on this enzyme, this protein that seems to defend against diseases in aging. We then moved to nematode worms and flies. We've done some work with bees even. The mouse study was in 2006."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning is that the interviewer wants to hear about the findings of the mouse study and what was administered to the mice during the study.  I apologize for any confusion caused by my earlier response.","questions":"How did the researchers administer resveratrol to the mice in the study?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["Just quickly, what about men?","Men. Well men, we tend to focus more on outcomes and process. And so we kind of, you know, focus almost exclusively on the outcomes. We tend to like win-lose scenarios, as opposed to negotiating for win-win. And then, men, we tend to be command and control leaders, where as women can be more inclusive and interactive. And so we really have to work on those traits.","Has anyone ever given you static for trying to do the Mars-Venus thing, about how you see men and women?","Well, because it's really my opinion, and they typically let me have that opinion. But again, it's really a broad statement, so I'm not saying all men or all women, but just as a rule, they're some observations that I've had over the years."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Opinions on gender differences are subjective and not absolute, hence should not be generalized to all men and women","questions":"How should gender differences be perceived?","answer":"subjective"}
{"text":["The program hasn't been very popular with the farmers. They would much prefer to just have more successful markets that they can go to rather than have to kind of accept government handouts.","President Trump tweeted earlier this year that with more than a hundred billion coming into the U. S.  in tariffs, the U. S.  would buy agricultural products from farmers, ship them to poor and starving countries in the form of humanitarian assistance. Has that happened?","No. They looked into a program along those lines but realized it was pretty infeasible. You know, there's problems with kind of dumping large amounts of crops on poor countries because you can ruin their own agriculture sectors. So they decided to just do the more simple program, where you provide the direct payments to farmers. Now, the part that is right there is that the total amount being brought in by these could get to be $100 billion. I mean, at the current pace - it was 6 billion in June. That would work out to about 72 billion a year if it continues. And there's talk of adding even more tariffs on top of that. So you really could get to 100 billion being the number.","But at the end of the day, this has not turned into some kind of windfall for the U. S."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The program of providing direct payments to farmers is more feasible than dumping large amounts of crops on poor countries.","questions":"What kind of program is more feasible than dumping large amounts of crops on poor countries?","answer":"Direct"}
{"text":["Well, if it's $135 million cut this year, I can envision an entire university being closed.","Meaning having to shut an entire campus.","We have three universities in our system and 13 community colleges all across the state. And so 135 million would be one of our universities and all of our community campuses.","What else in the immediate term are you considering doing or are you already doing to comply with this budget cut?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Closing an entire campus is one possible consequence.","questions":"How would you describe the consequence of the budget cut mentioned in turn 1?","answer":"Closing"}
{"text":["Well, the short answer's yes. The deforestation program in Brazil has been enormously successful. Between 2004 and 2012, deforestation fell by more than 80%. That's a shocking success. The challenge is that since 2012, deforestation has ticked up. There's also been a backlash against some of the environmental policies that were put in place under the former government.","Well, as we mentioned, Germany and Norway recently decided to pull their funding out of this Amazon Fund. What made them do that, specifically?","So this is largely an international response to concerns that deforestation is on the rise. And in particular, it's a response to the rhetoric that the administration of Jair Bolsonaro has been putting out. Bolsonaro has basically said to the people in the country that deforestation is OK, development at all costs is OK.  And a lot of scientists fear that that message is starting to take hold, that landowners in the hinterlands in the Amazon are starting to listen, and now they're burning their fields and they're taking advantage of this.","So do you think this latest move by Norway and Germany to freeze their funds could actually sway Bolsonaro?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Bolsonaro didn't literally say deforestation is okay, but his policies suggest he won't try to stop deforestation.","questions":"How does Bolsonaro's rhetoric affect landowners in the Amazon?","answer":"Burning"}
{"text":["I'm not so sure that it was missed, per se. I think it's been there at the forefront of the news for a really long time. I just don't think that we saw the potential that it would impact the election in the way that it did, insofar as it's tied up in these other economic and social struggles that are occurring within the same communities.","And to be clear again, you're not saying that people that have a problem with opioids or drug or alcohol voted for Donald Trump so much as people who live in those communities that have been affected by it statistically in your study voted for Donald Trump.","Well, that's right. And I can't say necessarily who voted for Donald Trump, but we have to remember that addiction and depression and these diseases and deaths of despair go far beyond the individuals themselves who are affected by them. They affect friends and family members and coworkers and first responders and service providers and employers in communities who are dealing with the struggles of these and experience the same sort of frustration and anxiety that are associated or wrapped up within diseases and deaths of despair.","You conclude your study by - I believe the quote is community level well-being played an important role in this election."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The impacts of opioid addiction and other diseases and deaths of despair were not fully appreciated until they were seen to have had a significant effect on the election outcome.","questions":"How were diseases and deaths of despair seen in relation to the election outcome?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["You know, you have to be tough. You have to let them know that, you know, although, yeah, I'm a female, you know, I can punch you in the eye if I have to. Or turn the table over. . .","Or just be as tough as men have to do in certain - have to be in certain situations, so that they can erase the fact that I am a girl and reallylook at me as a professional who is knowledgeable about what I do and can do the deals and deliver. So. . .","Sonia, what about the live music scene?Because I remember going to some hip-hop clubs. I was - you know, this was back when I was much a younger woman, and really enjoying it until some of the violence got out of control. And then I stopped going to some of the venues because too many people were getting shot. How are things here in terms of the live venues?Are they safe?Are they - you know, how is the live music scene doing?","It is so interesting that you would bring that up today because just last night, there were three events that were happening last night. It was R&B Live over at the Lucky Street Lounge. They had Mario, and Marsha from Floetry. There was Estelle over at Sugarhill, that John Legend was presenting, great venues both of them."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Women need to be tough to be taken seriously in male-dominated professions.","questions":"How does turn 0 relate to the conversation between PersonA and B?","answer":"Relates"}
{"text":["You know, it'd be nice if we could all hold hands and hug each other and sing \"Kumbaya\" and it be like that. But fact is, whether we like it or not, our country and virtually every other country in the world has become heavily dependent on satellites. So it's natural that you're going to see warfighting move up into that domain.","We've got to stay ahead of that. Now, hopefully, if we're smart and effective at this, it will have a chilling effect on anybody wanting to try and go there because that's one of the things that we have found keeps war at bay, is when you're the biggest, baddest cat on the block. Nobody wants to bother with you. We are not maintaining that status when it comes to space like we are terrestrially.","Congressman Mike Rogers of Alabama, thank you so much for joining us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : joining us implies being part of a program or activity and not referring to mixing or attaching people together ","questions":"Which word in the dialogue implies that maintaining the biggest and baddest status keeps war at bay?","answer":"Baddest"}
{"text":["That's right, that's right, and we essentially within the DNA give the instructions for that cell to read out the viral protein.","OK, so you put the cell to work, and then what happens?What's the second stage?","Well, then after a few months, we come back and we boost the immune response, and we can do that in one of two ways. We can actually inject the standard inactivated vaccine, the one that you and I get every year in our flu shot, or we can also do it by using a different type of carrier, a viral vector, an adenovirus, that can do the same thing.","In our human studies, we've actually done it with the standard flu vaccine."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated. When a person looks at his watch","questions":"What was done in the human studies?","answer":"Vaccine."}
{"text":["OK.  You have been witness to debate preparation sessions, however. So, when does the work really start for these events?","Well, I tell you, it's something that's ongoing from the very start of the general election. Because the best way to debate effectively is to know what your opponent is going to say. So, everyone in each campaign has been paying attention to the interviews the other opponent has been giving, the speeches that they have been making. And about a month ago, they started compiling a briefing book. This is about four inches thick, it has tabs covering every issue, everything that the campaign has put out about it, everything your opponent has said about it, and it's a way to get you briefed on all the issues. As you know, tonight, 90 minutes, everything is on the table.","Yeah. So, what are the key points a debate prep team likes to address right away?I was wondering if there is like a set list, or does it really depend on the candidate and the race?","Well, hands down, no matter the juxtaposition of your candidate or the charisma they may or may not have, it always comes down to two things, and that's the verbal and the non-verbal."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Debate preparation is a continuous process throughout the election campaign.","questions":"What is the ultimate goal of debate preparation?","answer":"Know"}
{"text":["It does.","It worked out.","So, first of all, just - as you said, you're just coming back from this conference. Could you just give me - just overall, what are you hearing from your colleagues, particularly your former colleagues in the courts, about how this system is functioning now?How do they experience this backlog?Is it this unending flow of cases that they can't do anything with?Or - how are they experiencing this?","Yeah. You know, the American Bar Association just put out a report on the immigration courts recently in which they said it's a dysfunctional system on the verge of collapse. And that was, basically, agreed to by everybody at the conference, including sitting immigration judges. What the judges have said is that the new judges being hired are pretty much being told in their training that they're not really judges, that instead, they should view themselves as loyal employees of the attorney general and of the executive branch of government. They are basically being trained to deny cases not to fairly consider them."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This statement implies that that judiciary is not independent of the executive branch of government,","questions":"How is the judiciary related to the executive branch?","answer":"Related"}
{"text":["Chris Scheuerman knew that his son was having troubles coping with combat. In March of 2005 while Jason was on leave, he told his father he was scared. Chris Scheuerman told him that was natural, and before leaving him at the airport for his return to Iraq, he reminded Jason to seek help if he was feeling depressed. A month later, after putting a rifle in his mouth, Jason visited an Army chaplain. A few weeks after that, Jason was evaluated by an Army psychologist.","He told me that the psychologist had given him a standardized test and talked to him for about 10 minutes. And after that evaluation, he sent a note back to the command stating that Jason was capable of feigning his illness in order to manipulate his command. That assessment brought much hardship down on my son, and this is after this unit had seen Jason with the muzzle of his weapon in his mouth and did nothing. This is a unit in which a chaplain writes he believed my son to be possessed by demons and obsessed with suicide, and did nothing. On the day that Jason took his life, he was given an Article 15, which in the military, is a non-judicial punishment. They gave him that for being out of uniform. During those proceedings, his first sergeant told him that if he was faking his illness, then he would go to jail and become someone's butt buddy, and Jason talks to that statement in his suicide note.","What does he say?","Basically, paraphrasing it, he speaks that life is not worth living if all he has looked forward to is being in jail and being someone's butt buddy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Butt Buddy is a derogatory remark and not a term for an actual friend","questions":"Which term is a derogatory remark and not a term for an actual friend?","answer":"Butt"}
{"text":["Correct. Well, you know, I have to say that when I go out and give talks, I say that Buchanan is the second-most consequential American - Washington being the first. Washington started everything or led the start to everything. And Buchanan led us into demise.","Plus, he didn't support Stephen Douglas as his successor. And the Democratic Party split into three, allowing Lincoln to win. Perhaps if he had supported Douglas, his rival, maybe Douglas would've won the next election. And Lincoln would've been - I don't know - an afterthought. But he might not have ever become president.","Just a very - wildly successful corporate attorney in Illinois.","Perhaps so."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 3) Implied meaning: If Buchanan had supported Douglas, Lincoln would not have become president, but he would have been successful in some other way.","questions":"How would Lincoln have been if Buchanan had supported Douglas?","answer":"Afterthought"}
{"text":["As you said in your introduction, she did play two definitive Southern belles, Scarlett O'Hara and Blanche DuBois. I guess also extraordinary that really, a classic English rose would play these two very famous roles in American literature. And I think both her accents are very convincing in both those films. But a number of her performances do continue into the modern age.","I think her life was relatively short. She died really at 53. But she certainly packed quite a lot in. I mean, she never stopped working, even after bouts of illness. She always was able to come back to work on stage and screen. And I think she really liked to play a variety of roles, and wanted to stretch herself as an actress.","Is there an item in the exhibit you would especially like to draw our attention to?","Well, what's been interesting for me is reading her correspondence with the film director Elia Kazan, who directed the film version of \"Streetcar. \"And she'd written a very, very long letter to him, really analyzing each scene and putting her thoughts down on paper. It begins with, \"I am 5-foot-3 and a half tall in my bare feet, without shoes on\" - which is rather sweet."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This statement implies that the actress was able to achieve a lot in her dedication to her craft and her desire to explore different roles in 53 years life.","questions":"How would you describe the actress's approach to her profession?","answer":"Dedication"}
{"text":["It depends on who you ask. For the South Koreans who have been really eager to have a successful Olympics and for the president, Moon Jae-in's administration, who has really pushed for better ties to North Korea, this will be a big success for them in terms of getting the North Koreans to participate, to march under the joint flag and to mitigate any potential North Korean provocations that could have happened during the Olympics and ruin the whole atmosphere. But in terms of applying maximum pressure on North Korea and getting them to denuclearize, this is just a minor blip on the radar.","And what do we make of the military parade in North Korea just before?Is that a way of saying we don't mean it, or what?","Absolutely. I think - you know, I've been likening the North Korean participation in the Olympics as kind of like \"The Wedding Crashers,\" where they just storm in, guzzle everybody's champagne, other people's food and then they're going to leave a mess behind. And nothing they've said since Kim Jong Un's New Year's address has suggested that they're going to be talking about their nuclear weapons program at all. In fact, they've not had any pressure from South Korea or anybody in terms of talking about nuclear weapons.","Well - and that brings up a question. And I feel the need to ask it every now and then - why does North Korea want nuclear weapons?What's their overall strategic goal?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of (2) is asking for an opinion about the military parade. The implicated meaning is whether the North Korean participation in the Olympics was genuine or not.","questions":"What does turn 2 imply about the North Korean participation in the Olympics?","answer":"Genuine"}
{"text":["So I'm just going to put myself out. Ask me a question.","OK, I'll be nice.","\"Everybody Hates Chris\" star Terry Crews was drafted by what NFL team?So you have four options. Let me give those to you, the Redskins, the Eagles, the Chargers, or the Rams.","Oh, man. I am laughing here because I am so sports illiterate. I have no clue. I cannot even guess. But I will say that I was on the dance floor with Terry Crews last night at one of the BET parties, and he knows how to move and so does his wife. But I'm completely - I'll say the Redskins, I don't know."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B doesn't know the answer to the question and is making a random guess","questions":"How did PersonB answer the question about Terry Crews' NFL team?","answer":"Redskins"}
{"text":["I was singing that one time, and that line came out. I was like, we will always sing. We will always sing. And it's because when I think about the struggles that black Indigenous people of color face, that line of, we will always sing - that just kind of shows, no matter what, we're always going to be standing back up.","(Singing) Even when you look at me, your heart so full, I'll think of you from a nice place.","I know that you've been pretty vocal about being uncomfortable with white men at your shows.","Oh, yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : not a heart literally full of something, but full as in happy or content","questions":"How does PersonA describe the heart in the song?","answer":"Full"}
{"text":["But today, the Reverend Al Sharpton, members of Bell's family, and other community leaders are taking these protests one step further. They'll march and stage pray-ins throughout New York City. One of the sites is House of the Lord Church in downtown Brooklyn, led by the Reverend Herb Daughtry. We talked to the reverend yesterday about his plans for the protest.","What we're supposed to do is assemble at various sites around the city and then march to the action site. That is the place where we will submit ourselves, some of us, to an arrest. Hopefully, in so doing, we will tie up the city so that there will be - there would be no movement, no motion. And everybody in the city and indeed across the nation will get the message that we will not stand for policemen, the people we pay to protect us, to kill us.","Reverend, when you talk about blocking things off and shutting things down, does that mean that you will literally block the streets?","Obviously, I don't want to be too specific, but we have assembling points. Points where we tell people to assemble. Here in Brooklyn, it's at our church, the House of the Lord Church. Now, once people have assembled, then we will go to the designated sites of action, where the civil disobedience will take place.","Sean Bell was a young man. Have you been able to reach out to people who are in their 20s or even in their teens to try to get them to join on to this protest?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"submit ourselves... to an arrest\" - This phrase means that the protestors are intentionally getting themselves arrested as a form of civil disobedience, rather than trying to avoid arrest.","questions":"Which act of civil disobedience will take place at the designated sites?","answer":"Civil"}
{"text":["I think that we need to have a conversation and debate on what it means to be a Republican. Traditionally, the Republican Party stood for some level of financial conservatism. That seems to have been thrown out the window of late, as you see, got instance, with this latest debt deal, the president adding $2 trillion of additional debt to the national debt and a third of a trillion dollars in new spending over the next two years without even a debate.","I think we need to have a conversation about where we're going on trade. I think we need to have a conversation with regard to institutions and political norms which the president has thrown out. But that has historically been the glue that has held together that balance of power that makes our system work, and I think we need to have a conversation on town.","I think that some might argue that the way that those intra-party debates take place is exactly in the kinds of positions that you have had in down-ballot races. I mean, you lost the Republican primary to a candidate endorsed by President Trump, so I think some might argue, asked and answered.","Well, there's a difference between a battle and a war, and I would say that as Republicans, in some cases, we're winning battles but losing wars. So what happened in that race after I lost the primary was that for the first time in about 50 years, the seat went Democrat."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Nothing was thrown at a window, but financial conservatism has been disregarded by the republican party.","questions":"How has the Republican Party disregarded financial conservatism?","answer":"financial"}
{"text":["You mean the wall, the proposed wall.","Correct - fencing. And I believe that, in terms of targeting sanctuary cities, I think law enforcement - local law enforcement should refer to federal authorities people who they detain, undocumented immigrants who have criminal record. So I support that. At the same time, I do believe that we need to find a way to deal constructively with undocumented immigrants, the majority of whom pose no threat to our communities. And right now the Republican Party seems to be stuck, not willing to deal constructively with undocumented immigrants. And that's the key. So I'm hopeful that, you know, if we secure the border, we remove undocumented immigrants who have criminal records - that, eventually, Congress could deal in a more humane, constructive way with undocumented immigrants.","Just very briefly, do you think that this bill is a nonstarter?","I think so. I think it's not going anywhere. I think he did it to please his base, to energize his base. But, frankly, it goes nowhere."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"At the same time, I do believe that we need to find a way to deal constructively with undocumented immigrants, the majority of whom pose no threat to our communities.\"","questions":"What kind of immigrants does PersonA believe pose no threat to our communities?","answer":"Undocumented"}
{"text":["Yes, yes.","Carla. And they record a song.","OK. Things are starting to click here clearly. What does that recording say about where Stax was going?","Stax is picking up the sound of the street and embracing it. And even though these are white people and black people making the record, there's none of the strife that's outside the door."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn (4) has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning is that Stax is capturing the sound of the street and that the racial tensions outside are not affecting the recording, the implied meaning is that Stax is bridging the racial divide and bringing people of different races together through music.","questions":"Which bridge is being referred to in Turn 4?","answer":"Racial"}
{"text":["Part of it was that in four years, there are some voters who believe he was tone deaf, too arrogant, too bossy, not collaborative. But you're right - he raised $30 million over the last four years. The president came in and gave him what everyone called a bro hug, and all of the newspapers endorsed him, including The Chicago Defender. . .","Yeah.",". . . The African-American newspaper. And none of it worked.","Only 34 percent of the voters went to the polls this week. Isn't that usually the kind of election in which a well-financed campaign with a good ground campaign is supposed to win?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's choice of language or communication style may reflect their level of education, social status, or personal values, and may carry additional implications or associations beyond the literal meaning of their words.","questions":"How did the PersonA's language in turn 3 reflect their personal values?","answer":"Personal"}
{"text":["So I think that the Barack Obama, of course, then has a political legitimacy that neither of those gentlemen had because he's a United States senator elected to represent a district and serve a quarter of people. And yet, he's a charismatic figure as well, creating a sense of movement among the millions who now acclaim him as the best thing that happened to American politics since Jack Kennedy.","So Barack Obama has claimed the unique space within the context of American political destiny and has joined the charismatic authority that attends black messianic figures who become leaders in black America, as well as the quest for political legitimacy that transcends black communities. Because he's not just representing black people; he's representing white people and Latino people, and Asian people. He's representing Americans. And so he's taking it to yet another level in pioneering an even different path than the one blazed by Martin Luther King Jr.  or Jessie Jackson and, to a certain degree, Al Sharpton.","Well, Michael Eric Dyson, thank you.","Thank you very kindly, Farai."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"creating a sense of movement among the millions who now acclaim him as the best thing that happened to American politics since Jack Kennedy.\" - This implies that Barack Obama has generated a significant amount of enthusiasm and support from a large number of people, which goes beyond his role as a senator and his political legitimacy.","questions":"Which historical figure is mentioned in the turn that serves as a comparison for Barack Obama's impact on American politics?","answer":"Kennedy"}
{"text":["Yeah. Let me ask, I would think, Sana, that - you've already mentioned that you were surprised that a number of these people were not angry or did not harbor bitterness about having been born to parents who were slaves. But what else was it about them, if there was a thread that seemed to tie them together?","Their parents raised them with hope, the idea that I want your life to be better than mine. And though things aren't the way we were promised, right, with emancipation. Things aren't the way they were promised, that one day they will be, and you'll be ready for it.","You also described them in the book as having immigrant-like expectations. Explain what you meant.","There was this genuine commitment to want to believe in the future, which is phenomenal to think about. There was this belief that everything that happened to me is over. The worst is behind after the Civil War, and I am going to go out and seek a new life in freedom, right?So everything, all of my hopes and dreams, I am going to give that back to the country. There was a genuine commitment to reinvest in the building of what was to be a new America.","Was it a patriotism?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Conditional. As we noted in chapter 1, there are sentences of a natural language, like English, that are not atomic sentences. Our examples included.","questions":"Which chapter discusses non-atomic sentences in natural language?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["Billions of dollars have been spent on trying to create this technology, and only now are we just starting to see batteries alongside solar and wind farms. Do you think this problem can be cracked?And if so, how soon?","Well, in some parts of the U. S. , for example, where solar electricity is already very predictable - in the Southwest, for example - the cost of lithium-ion batteries is already at a point where the combination of solar - generation solar panels and lithium-ion batteries can produce reliable electricity at a cost below that of our conventional fossil-fuel-generated electricity.","But the issue is that not all of the U. S. , and certainly not all of the world, has that level of predictability. That's where the problem becomes much harder.","I know the cost has been prohibitive for a long time, and it's been coming down recently. When do you think this technology will actually be reasonably affordable in a lot of places?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : can be cracked meaning the problem can be looked into and a solution found for it","questions":"Which technology?","answer":"Batteries"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, I mean, as you said, Dorian was moving west across the Caribbean toward Puerto Rico. But as of this evening, Puerto Rico's main island has been spared a direct hit. The storm did pass over two small island municipalities off of Puerto Rico's eastern coast, Vieques and Culebra, and also caused widespread power outages in the U. S.  Virgin Islands. Just a little while ago, the National Weather Service lifted its hurricane and tropical storm warnings for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. But as you mentioned, forecasters now say that Dorian is heading toward Florida and could be a dangerous Category 3 hurricane affecting that state by this weekend.","We said that you're in Puerto Rico's capital, San Juan. Can you just give us an idea of how things are looking there?","It's cloudy, a little rainy but mostly calm at this point. The streets are empty because, you know, schools and government offices closed, and most businesses closed today too. Some of the only people out on the streets are security guards. The plan was to have schools and government offices closed through tomorrow, but the governor has now reversed that decision because things seem to have been - are calm now and there's no longer a big risk here in Puerto Rico.","OK. So it sounds like Puerto Rico might have avoided the worst with this storm. But, you know, there are still two months left in the Atlantic hurricane season. It's been almost two years since Hurricane Maria. How prepared is Puerto Rico to handle another big storm, should one come?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Reporter is asking about current situation in San Juan, not just asking for an idea.","questions":"How specifically did the reporter ask about the current situation in San Juan?","answer":"Specifically"}
{"text":["So, there's a whole big huge chasm which some of us live in part of the time at least, where where's this music?Where is the new soul music?Where are the people that are writing the classics that are going to be around in 20 years, and 30 years, and 40 years?","Well, in addition to your own songs, you have sung other folks' work. And in 2004, you sang on a tribute album for Luther Vandross. Here's a little bit of \"Forever, For Always, For Love. \"","(Singing) Do you remember The love that we once had?Well, if I had the chance to love you again, I'd make your heart forget I was ever there\u00c9","I still miss him."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : You sang tribute songs instead of creating new ones.","questions":"Which album did PersonA sing on in tribute to Luther Vandross?","answer":"Album"}
{"text":["In some ways, they're almost a young person's poem - some of them. The thing that I really like is her gestures towards image and metaphor that really shape her whole career. So there's this line that particularly moves me.","Say I am the air - I break - or say I am a spool unwinding. I am the spool that unwound while riding the sky down.","And I just think that's incredibly beautiful and evocative.","Erin Singer - she's an assistant professor of English at Louisiana Tech. You can see those poems in the next issue of the Fugue Literary Journal of the University of Idaho. Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The writer means that they are flexible and can move easily.","questions":"What is the particular line that PersonA finds moving?","answer":"flexible"}
{"text":["Are there any good reasons to use this?","There is a separate group here working on storing data in DNA. It turns out that DNA is really robust for long-term storage, whereas, you know, hard drives may die after a few years. You can conceivably store data in DNA for hundreds or thousands of years. And as long as life continues to be based on DNA, we'll always have a reason to read and write DNA. So it's sort of a technology that won't go obsolete.","So, I mean, we underscored the aspect of some kind of mischief or outright miscreants. But I wonder, you know, a few years from now, instead of having hard drives or storage systems, will people just carry around that information in themselves, in their DNA?","I'm not sure that people will carry around that information within them. But I do believe people will start using DNA for sort of long-term storage. So accessing data from DNA and putting data into DNA is a pretty slow process. And so you'll want to, you know, archive photos in there and things like that. But you won't want to use it for your day-to-day tasks, at least not for the foreseeable future."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is hinting at the possibility of using DNA as a storage system for personal data in the future, instead of relying on hard drives and other storage systems.","questions":"Which technology is the speaker suggesting for long-term storage instead of hard drives in the foreseeable future?","answer":"DNA"}
{"text":["I was like, yeah. She's like, what do you talk about?I say, my life, our life. And she's like, so you tell them about us and they pay you.","And she's like, I've never found you entertaining enough to pay you anything.","In fact, I wish you would shut up so - so she was - and my father is even worse. I mean, he's very dry. My mom has all the personality. My father is a - he's Swiss-German, so I mean he's just a combination of. . .","Known so much for their humor."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  A: \"And she's like, I've never found you entertaining enough to pay you anything.\" - Once again, \"she's like\" does not convey the literal meaning of the speaker's words, and is used to mean \"she said\". Additionally, the phrase \"pay you\" is used figuratively, and does not refer to literal payment.","questions":"How is the phrase \"pay you\" used in the statement?","answer":"Figuratively"}
{"text":["Yeah.","So you want the organism - it's like taking a portrait, that's sort of how he thinks about it. But of course your microorganism doesn't see it that way.","So you have to figure out how to get them to sit still, and that requires sort of propping up the cover slip with little dots of Vaseline. That's his trick. But you want to sort of squish it just enough so it doesn't move but not too much so that you run it over, essentially.","Well, you don't want to kill the. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This implies that A wouldn't want to kill the organism with the process he want to apply to take it portrait.","questions":"What is PersonA's goal when taking a portrait of the organism?","answer":"capture"}
{"text":["If you like animals, you should check out this video.","And they have all these animals that are - they're flying. They're on - they have them on treadmills. They have - they try to get them off the cabinets inside the lab.","Yeah. I mean, you know, of course, if you're going to get a guinea fowl on the treadmill, it's not that like the guinea fowl is, like, yeah, I'm really looking for a workout. Thank you.","It doesn't necessarily want to be on there, although they do seem sort of OK with it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Yeah. I mean, you know, of course, if you're going to get a guinea fowl on the treadmill, it's not that like the guinea fowl is, like, yeah, I'm really looking for a workout. Thank you.\" The literal meaning of this turn is that the guinea fowl is not interested in working out on the treadmill. However, the actual meaning is that guinea fowls are not natural runners and would not run on treadmills in the wild.","questions":"Which animal is not a natural runner and would not run on treadmills in the wild?","answer":"Guinea-fowl"}
{"text":["Well, so certainly President-elect Trump has issued a few statements on cybersecurity, including a campaign platform. Those are pretty thin on details. And some of his statements - it's been difficult to understand whether or not he - how literally to take those particular recommendations. Of his national security hires that have been announced at this point, none are known for having particularly strong cybersecurity backgrounds. So as we see more and more people coming into the administration, we might be able to start getting a sense of what exactly this administration's cybersecurity policy might look like.","Surely when you become the administration, you have a vested interest in national cybersecurity that maybe you lacked before, don't you?","Absolutely. I think while many of his statements during the campaign did not necessarily evince well-developed policy thoughts - he's going to have to come up with more specific ideas. One thing that Donald Trump might run up against is the existence of current laws. So, for example, he's indicated a number of times that he intends to transfer a lot of the cybersecurity mission to the Department of Defense to come up with a plan for defending critical infrastructure. And there are potentially rather serious consequences to sort of the militarization of civilian cyber defense. I think that they might find themselves coming up against an existing framework that doesn't necessarily square with the broad instinct towards wanting to turn towards the military to solve this problem.","I thought the Obama administration was pretty clear in saying, after they asserted that Russian attempts to meddle in the elections had been ongoing, that the United States was going to reply in kind. Can we assume those efforts are going on now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : asking if the US is responding to Russia's attempts to meddle in the elections \"in kind\".","questions":"What is PersonB asking about the US response to Russian meddling in the elections?","answer":"Kind"}
{"text":["But your hands were cold?","Very cold.","That decision to try to turn around, you thought you could have summitted, but you might have endangered your hands?","I know I could have summitted. Yes, however - yes, I wasn't willing to lose my fingers or a tip of a finger, even, for the summit of K2."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The decision to turn back was a difficult one, but it was the right decision to protect your hands from potential damage.","questions":"What was the reason behind PersonA's decision to turn back?","answer":"Hands"}
{"text":["Do you ever feel that way, you're just so tired of singing, but you know you have to because that song is so closely associated with who you are?","Well \"Band of Gold\" would be it, but by the time I get to the end of the show, and I'm coming back for that last encore\u2026","(Singing) Now that you're gone, all that's left is a band of gold\u2026","A lot of times, I will do \"Band of Gold,\" and as a matter of fact, I - and I find that it's a good thing because I see people in the audience just light up, like (unintelligible)\u2026"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Well 'Band of Gold' would be it, but by the time I get to the end of the show, and I'm coming back for that last encore\u2026\" - The implied meaning here is that \"Band of Gold\" is the song that the person is referring to, but they are indicating that they may be too exhausted by the end of their performance to give it their all during the final encore.","questions":"How does the person feel about doing \"Band of Gold\" during the end of the show?","answer":"Exhausted"}
{"text":["Oh, she did, and in such an interesting time. In the '70s, even before Betty Ford had famously stepped forward and talked about her struggles, Joan was convening people who were early thinkers in how to treat people differently. You know, AA had been around, of course, for decades. But there was a movement in the '70s to get people to look at the whole person with alcoholism. And Joan was really passionate about getting the word out.","Yeah. With Ray's death, Joan Kroc became one of the principal philanthropists in America. And she really took that responsibility seriously, didn't she?","She lived large, and she gave large. She felt this almost-burden with the money that she had. And saying she hit the lotto isn't really fair. But - she had this money at her disposal, and she felt obligated to use it in a constructive way. But that's not to say she was ascetic or like a monk. She lived very, very lavishly as well.","Yeah, she'd drip with jewels. She went to nice places. She. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Joan Kroc used her wealth to live a luxurious lifestyle and still dedicate her wealth to charitable causes.","questions":"What did Joan Kroc do with her wealth?","answer":"Charitable"}
{"text":["But the technical. . .","Let me just jump in. When you say GDP, that's the Gross Domestic Product?","Exactly. So when you see growth going down, you see yourself in a recession. And it's, you know, it's Standard English, frankly. It's not rocket science, but the fact is that the macro numbers, Farai, belie what the micro reality is for so many people.","We've been seeing lay off numbers for over two years. We've seen a 5. 2 percent unemployment rate. All of those things combine to speak to, at least, economic hard times. But the technical definition of a recession is that you have two quarters of GDP going down. Now let's look at the next quarter because right now we don't have that."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The technical definition of a recession doesn't accurately reflect the economic hardship experienced by many people.","questions":"Which term describes the economic situation that requires two quarters of GDP going down to be called a recession?","answer":"Recession"}
{"text":["They're very abstract. I talked with Heather Heckman, who's at the University of South Carolina Libraries, and they loaned us some of this Vishniac footage. And she was, like, it's almost like avant-garde film because, you know, you look at these oyster larvae pulsating, and you don't know what they are. They're just - but it's really beautiful.","So we talked - so we learn about Vishniac and also sort of figure out how things have changed since the '50s, '60s and '70s, which is when he was doing his work. And we spoke with Wim van Egmond, who's this Dutch photographer who wins all these Nikon Small Worlds contests. I think people who follow this will know his name. But he makes these beautiful, microscopic videos and videos through the microscope and photos, too.","And they're all one-celled creatures?","Not all of them."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"figure out how things have changed\" - this is a figurative expression meaning to understand how the field of microscopy has advanced and evolved since the time of Vishniac's work, rather than a literal physical measurement of change.","questions":"Which expression is a figurative way of understanding the evolution of microscopy since Vishniac's work?","answer":"Evolved"}
{"text":["The military also can benefit tremendously from this because if trade were to open with India - the military is a major producer of cement. They own a lot of state-owned enterprises, which they run for the benefit of ex-servicemen for the veterans. And they would be a major exporter of cement to India. Moreover, if there was transit trade between India through Pakistan and Afghanistan to Central Asia, the military is the largest transporter in the country.","So there are opportunities that need to be spelled out. But more important, I think, this is an opportunity for the Pakistani prime minister to have a national debate about this issue so that he can bring everybody on board.","What has the change been in the past few weeks, even, that gives you some optimism?","Well, it's not just the past few weeks. I think this is a change that has been occurring in the last decade or so. It's not perfect, and both leaders in India, and Pakistan will face enormous opposition from entrenched interests, apart from having a sclerotic bureaucracy that won't want to give up power and controls and business interests that may have helped them win their elections that want to retain their preferred access to state resources. It's not going to be easy, but I see strong possibility and I see a convergence of the need for economic development and growth, which will benefit people in general."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be subtly implying that they are not interested in continuing a conversation or that they would prefer to end the discussion.","questions":"What is the implied tone of turn 2?","answer":"Disinterested"}
{"text":["Because banks are saying no, we can't do it?","Banks find the credit cards more profitable than traditional bank loans. Frequently they are able to charge, you know, much higher interest rates. Their interest rates are much more volatile. They can go from a 12 percent rate to a 30 percent rate because of any number of factors that may or may not be beyond the control of consumers and small business owners. You don't get charged for their percent on traditional bank loans.","So, are you getting calls from your membership and are they agitated?What are they saying to you?","I wouldn't say we've been getting a whole lot of calls right now. Mostly because I think - like I said, a lot of small business owners aren't quite sure what to think of the financial bailout. Also, a lot are hunkering down, trying to just weather the storm. And they're focused more on trying to run their business and, you know, make some sort of margin of profit with soaring energy costs and rising health care costs. And now all of this volatility, so they're just trying to, you know, weather through."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Small business owners are struggling to survive amidst rising costs and market volatility.","questions":"What are small business owners facing?","answer":"Rising"}
{"text":["Yeah.","I love salt.","You didn't see that coming. (Laughter) You love salt.","I totally didn't.","That's an essential mineral."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Implicated meaning: A is sarcastically downplaying the significance of B's love for salt. While the literal meaning suggests a factual statement about salt being an essential mineral, the tone and context imply that A is being dismissive or making light of B's statement about loving salt.","questions":"What is PersonA's tone towards PersonB's love for salt?","answer":"Dismissive"}
{"text":["I won't give away the end of the book, but Jay really evolves in terms of how he feels about the Philippines and what he wants his next moves to be after he discovers what's happened to his cousin. What do you think that character in particular says about the relationship between an immigrant, their country of origin, and then the country that they're expected to eventually go home to when the two-week break is over, the family visit is over?","I think it says that there is this connection, but I think also if you are to foster that connection, kind of make it something meaningful, you want to acknowledge kind of what you don't know. And then two, learn. And doing those things kind of strengthens that connection, and I think one ends up with a stronger sense of who they are, especially somebody with, like, a dual identity. It can kind of lessen or mitigate those feelings of, you know, not being something enough, right?Not being Filipino enough, or not being whatever the second piece of the identity is.","Randy Ribay is author of the novel \"Patron Saints Of Nothing. \"Randy, thanks so much for coming on.","Yeah. Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Jay's character development highlights the complexities of an immigrant's relationship with their home and adopted countries.","questions":"What does Jay's character development highlight?","answer":"Relationship"}
{"text":[". . . and copied the symbols that most closely resembled the text. And we had a friend who lived across the street who was an artist, and he helped me translate it into proper copy. And then we resubmitted it to Stan.","And Stan was stuck.","And so he smiled, accepted defeat, and this became the first page of this book.","All right, so this came to light recently because Stanley Fischer was head of the Bank of Israel, and he's nominated to be vice chairman of the U. S.  Federal Reserve. Somebody got the idea that it was about time to find out what this is all about, I gather.","Somebody thought - somebody in my team thought that it would be fun to actually put this as a challenge, and basically promised a prize to whoever would be able to make sense of that page."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Despite the initial difficulty, the team persevered and eventually succeeded in translating the text.","questions":"Which team?","answer":"Team"}
{"text":["We get to have some of these first-time discussions with parents where they didn't realize my student who graduates high school - wait a minute, you're telling me that they - in the state of Tennessee, they have the opportunity for two years or for a technical certificate program free of cost to me?And sometimes they tear up. Sometimes they're speechless. Sometimes I reach across the room and - to shake hands with two hands. Sometimes I give hugs to a mother who has nothing to say. She's shaking and she's crying. And these are lasting moments. These are the things that keep us going when otherwise it may seem we have a whole lot of bad news to deliver.","As an educator, Mr.  Leddy, do you have any concern that, you know, the mentality sometimes goes that because it's free, students - everybody involved might not take it seriously and treat community college as just a continuation of high school?","I've heard that. I don't share the view. At the high school level, where we are, and when we see the struggles the students have, when we see parents working two, three, four jobs to try to afford the basics, the subsistence needs for their families - that argument or that view kind of rings hollow. Our students are very appreciative. Our students feel that they're valued. They feel like someone is listening at the state level and someone is looking out for their futures.","The program is funded by the - by the Tennessee state lottery. So I guess if you want to - if you want to support education, buy a lottery ticket."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"So I guess if you want to - if you want to support education, buy a lottery ticket\" - Implied meaning: A way to support education is to buy lottery tickets.","questions":"How is the program funded?","answer":"Lottery"}
{"text":["Well, I have to say that the information on cannibalism and corpse medicine was probably one of my favorites because it's so particularly horrific. People would drink the blood of gladiators. Egyptian tombs were being pillaged for mummies so that they could grind them up into these cures. They were mixed with myrrh and spices and sold in England. And there was even an import tax at the time because there were so many mummies being imported.","And of course though, many of these really gruesome cures didn't work at all. But some of them can be used today to really do something, to really help medically.","Yes. Maybe not mercury, for instance, but arsenic which we think of as the poison that kings would use to kill each other - arsenic today is used as a current treatment for promyelocytic leukemia. And I think a lot of people would be pretty shocked to hear that. Opium, we know, has a long history and still exists today for good and for bad. A lot of these other things like leeches can be used by some surgeons to help - in post-surgical patients to, you know, reduce swelling so that the surgerized tissues survive. So it is shocking to find that a lot of these things still are alive and well in our pharmacopoeias and in our hospitals.","But a little more delicately used."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Many things that were once considered archaic, or even dangerous, are still used in medicine today","questions":"Which medicine?","answer":"Opium."}
{"text":["It's only about $3 billion. So compared to the whole Defense Department, which is, you know, 500 or more billion, or NASA, which is around 16 billion, or something.","A couple of big bombers.","Yeah, one and a half B-2 bombers. That's it. I think DARPA should be inspiring to anyone who wants to create innovative things, come up with new ideas, do things that really make a difference, with a relatively small amount of money and resources.","And what stuff do you think, percentage of stuff, that you actually saw going on?What couldn't you see that they wouldn't let you see inside of DARPA?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : DARPA is able to achieve innovative results with limited resources.","questions":"Which agency is praised for achieving innovative results with limited resources?","answer":"DARPA"}
{"text":["I'm Tony Cox, and this is News & Notes. Ending a relationship is never easy. The person breaking up often tries to use words to soften the blow. I'm not ready to be in a committed relationship or it's not you, it's me. And the person being dumped is left trying to figure out just where things went wrong. A year ago, author Rachel Skerritt decided that she wanted to get to the bottom of all of her ex-boyfriends' vague explanations for ending their relationships. So, she called the men in her past and asked them to tell her exactly why they stopped wanting to be with her. Rachel joins me now. Welcome to News & Notes, Rachel.","Thanks, Tony.","Rachel, why in the world would you want to know this?","Well, I'm a tough cookie. I should say that first off, but I'm also a writer and the idea came to me after that whole \"He's Just Not That Into You\" phenomenon, the book not the movie. And a lot of my friends were reading it as if they had found, you know, the answers to everything. Oh, he's just not that into me, that explains it. But there was this whole missing why piece, why not. And as you said, guys seem trained to give these stock answers so as not to hurt feelings, but I really wanted the real deal. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Tough cookie is not literal. She is not a cookie. She is suggesting that she is strong enough to take criticism from others.","questions":"What is the meaning of \"tough cookie\" in turn 3?","answer":"strong"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. He calls Obama a bad or sick guy. That is an extraordinary thing to hear from a sitting president about his predecessor. We should note there has been no reaction from President Obama yet and no evidence, no confirmation, to support this claim. But it's not going to calm the waters.","Boy, we have investigations that are unfolding at the FBI. There are several committees that are gathering at Capitol Hill. What's the landscape they're looking at right now?","So, as you said, the FBI is investigating. We don't have a lot of visibility into where they are in that investigation or what the time frame is because they don't comment on active investigations. We just know that they are - they're doing them. On the Hill, we have - we know a little bit more. The Intelligence Committees have the lead on investigating all of the Russia stuff. We know they are reviewing documents. They're trying to think about who to call to come testify. And they confirmed this week - the House Intelligence Committee, for example, confirmed they are looking into links between Russia and the campaigns; also looking into all these recent leaks of classified information.","I must say, it doesn't seem like the last scalp has been put on the wall."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"last scalp\" is being used as a metaphor for a definitive conclusion or resolution to a situation or investigation.","questions":"Which phrase is being used as a metaphor in turn 3?","answer":"scalp"}
{"text":["Ambassador Araud, that raises a larger question: What's the future of the United Nations if it can't find a common course of action for what is one of the preeminent disasters on the planet?","But, you know, I'm always, frankly, I'm always a bit surprised by this sort of question because actually United Nations itself, you know, it's a group of these united nations. The United Nations may work on when its members decide to work together on a lot of issues. For instance, the (unintelligible) conflict. The members of Security Council are so divided that the U. N.  can't do anything, as you know. So, the United Nations is effective when on some issues, the member states decide that they have a common interest to find a common solution. And there are a lot of issues where we don't succeed to do it. Frankly, on Afghanistan, Iraq, the (unintelligible) conflict, the whole of the U. N.  is very marginal. There are issues in Africa where we are working together. But on a lot of issues we simply can't, and it's not the responsibility of the United Nations; it's the responsibility of the nations, which disagree.","Yeah. Looking forward to your next rotation?","My next rotation, it's in 15 months."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Looking forward to your next rotation?\" - This is an expression of anticipation and excitement for the Ambassador's next assignment.","questions":"How did PersonB feel about the Ambassador's next assignment?","answer":"Excitement"}
{"text":["See how he do his mom?","Ms.  O'BRIEN: Ira struggles to provide for her large family, working two jobs: as a real estate agent and a licensed massage therapist.","I can't stop. I push myself more now than I ever have. There's times that, especially the summertime, I didn't come home until like 8 o'clock at night sometimes.","So what did you learn from talking to her?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : See how he treats his mom poorly or disrespectfully","questions":"How does he treat his mother?","answer":"poorly"}
{"text":["Mr.  Jones\u2026","Yes?","\u2026when you think about the issues of justice and in - for so long, we as African-Americans have and many of us have debated what does justice mean in this life, what does justice mean in the next life, do you think that there is racial justice?Do you think that there will be racial justice on this Earth?","Yes, I do. I believe that we are at a profound transition point. Martin King would say today, there's no way we can make the transition to the 21st century unless we leave the baggage of slavery and racism behind.","And I think to talk about current events, I think that he would both be disappointed and appalled in what's going on in the political discourse. He would be disappointed because when the Senator Obama is criticized in the speech he gave in Philadelphia, Martin would say, well, hold on, America seems to be deeply afflicted by amnesia about how it cheated these African-American people over the past 20th century.","But I think he'd applaud the fact that Senator Obama did what should have been done earlier and needs to be done. You see what Senator Obama did, he walked into the national living room of America and acknowledged and then talked to the 800-pound gorilla of race relations that everybody knew was sitting in there for the 20th century."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : The speaker believes that Senator Obama did the right thing by addressing the issue of race relations in America, which has been a long-standing problem. The reference to the \"800-pound gorilla\" suggests that this is a difficult issue that people have been avoiding for a long time.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the issue of race relations in America?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["It has.","Get out.","The time has flown. And you are flying. You are flying across the ocean. You are leaving us.","Great segue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the time has flown means time went by fast.","questions":"Which word describes how time passed according to turn 2?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Hello.","What's going on in your city?","Well, what's going on in my city is a similar dynamic of what's taking place in other cities across the United States right now. We've had 130 percent increase in homicides related to arguments and fights between individuals or groups unrelated to other criminal activity. They've got easy access to firearms. We've seen all of these cities have seen many more shots fired at each individual incident. Some places it's a fight over synthetic drug markets. So there are a number of variables, but they all revolve around a fairly narrow slice of these advantage communities that is very concerning.","Chief Flynn, not so long ago, you were getting credit for a low homicide rate. What changed?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : can be interpreted as a way to inquire about the current situation in the city, not just the events taking place. ","questions":"How would you describe the dynamics of homicides in the city? (Answer: \"similar\")","answer":"similar"}
{"text":["And in addition to all else, the administration's actually delaying an entire piece of the website for another entire year?","That's right. Small businesses were supposed to be able to sign up online to enroll their employees through the federal website starting this month. That was already delayed from October 1st. Now, that won't happen online until next November. They can still compare plans online but they'll have to use paper applications and go through an insurance broker or an agent or an insurance company directly, unless they're one of a handful of states that actually has its small business exchange up and running. The administration's been pretty candid about this. They've said their top priority is to make the website work for consumers first. Pretty much everything else taking a back seat.","NPR's Julie Rovner. Thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In (2), the speaker is discussing the delay in the implementation of an online enrollment system for small businesses through the federal website. While the speaker is providing a factual description of the delay, the implied meaning is that this delay is causing inconvenience and frustration for small business owners who now have to resort to paper applications and other means to enroll their employees. The speaker also suggests that the administration's priority is to make the website work for consumers first, implying that the needs of small businesses are not being prioritized.","questions":"How are small businesses affected by the delay in the implementation of the online enrollment system?","answer":"Paper"}
{"text":["Of course.","Why if the students two were traveling in five buses - why the target was just two?And also, these two buses were exactly the two buses that the army and the Federal Police - start to monitor it since three hours before. I mean, these two buses were the two buses where the students were traveling from the school to Iguala. Why?So what I was able to found is that in these two buses were inside in secret parts of the bus. . .","The secret compartment.",". . . Yes - heroin - 2 millions of heroin. They. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They had something on the bus that the authorities were interested in.","questions":"What were the authorities interested in?","answer":"something"}
{"text":["Yeah.","You once said to (laughter) a contestant - I wonder if you even remember it. I'm going to do my bad Paul Hollywood imitation now. (Imitating accent) Your ganache lacks shine. So. . .","Yes, I do remember that.","Every now and then in the family, if we want to gently or comically upbraid each other, we go, (imitating accent) your ganache lacks shine.","(Laughter) Yeah, I mean - it was something. It was a few years ago, that. And it was to do with, obviously, with the outer coating on the cake. And the ganache is basically just chocolate cream. Normally, when you're dealing in a plain chocolate, so you can do 50-50. So 50 percent cream, 50 percent chocolate and just leave it to melt - and then pour it all over a cake. It sets, and you get a beautiful shine. You've got to be careful when you're setting it, and that's where it came from."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"B: Every now and then in the family, if we want to gently or comically upbraid each other, we go, (imitating accent) your ganache lacks shine.\" This turn implies that B and their family use the phrase \"your ganache lacks shine\" in a playful, teasing manner to gently criticize each other, rather than actually referring to the shine of the ganache itself.","questions":"What does PersonB and their family use the phrase \"your ganache lacks shine\" for?","answer":"Teasing"}
{"text":["So you had the U. K.  negotiating bilateral agreements with, like, Australia and Canada and India, right?And then I read you also had Germany forming its own bloc with members, countries that it had relationships with. And the U. S.  did something similar.","That's right. The origins of the British trading bloc really go back to World War I. And a lot of the considerations are of a military nature, a geostrategic nature. They were bottlenecked in some supplies, especially for the military, and that's why the British government was thinking more about how to secure its supplies. And that happened on the German side as well. Germany was preparing for war. They were gearing up for war, so they needed to make sure they had the right supplies, especially for the military.","Now, you write that if similar patterns play out today, we could see a, quote, \"reorientation of world trade around China- and U. S. -centric trade blocs. \"How likely do you think that is?","Well, it depends on the politics. The White House wants to have a more bilateral approach where the U. S.  deals with one individual country, as opposed to a group. And China now wants to create a system of its own. So that does include establishing a sphere of influence in Asia. And each of them will want to build up their own realm where they have the power in the region.","What do you think is at stake here?If this approach continues, what are your main concerns?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The US and China both want to establish their own spheres of influence in the region.","questions":"Which countries are mentioned as potentially reorienting world trade around their own trade blocs?","answer":"China-and-U.S."}
{"text":["Now let's turn to West Africa. For more than a decade, Liberia has been struggling to recover from civil war. It has a female head of state now, and it also has big supporters in the U. S.  One of them is Bob Johnson, who founded and later sold Black Entertainment Television. Now he's building a four-star beachfront resort near Liberia's capital, Monrovia. Bob Johnson recently told me why he decided to invest millions of dollars in Liberia's economy.","It's part of a commitment I made to President Johnson Sirleaf and the people of Liberia, to help Liberia recover from some 13, 14 years of civil war. And it came about as a result of my participation, as well as President Sirleaf's participation in President Clinton's global initiative that he hosts every year in New York. And the charter is, do something, small or large, but do something. And so my something is to help Liberia.","What are we talking about in terms of the kind of money it takes to make this happen?","We are putting in approximately 12 to 13 million dollars in the construction of this hotel and the opening of the hotel, which is scheduled for March of '09. It'll be an 86-room hotel, as I said, situated on the beach, great facility for everybody from government officials and expats who want to go back and visit Liberia, as well as business people who are looking to do business in post-conflict Liberia.","So, do you expect to get a tourist crowd eventually?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Bob Johnson is supporting Liberia's recovery after civil war","questions":"Which country is mentioned in Turn 0 as having a female head of state? (Answer: Liberia)","answer":"Liberia"}
{"text":["Right now, the police - I can't tell you for sure. I can tell you as to my prosecutors, what we did is we took the supervisor and the people involved in our charging decisions, and they actually help us work the system. So the process that we have created actually was a collaboration with people in my office. So they are supportive, and they're intrigued by what it's going to look like.","Again, we want to make sure that there are no negative unintended consequences to this. So we're going to be looking at it very closely. We are working with the Sanford people to make sure that we create the right metrics, you know?The goal here is to do something that will do the right things. And part of that will be learning and seeing if there are any negative unintended consequences that - we want to go back and fix them very quickly.","That is George Gascon. He is the district attorney for the city and county of San Francisco. George Gascon, thank you so much for talking with us.","My pleasure, Michel."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The prosecutors collaborated with the supervisor to manipulate the system.","questions":"Which office did the prosecutors collaborate with?","answer":"My"}
{"text":["Well, the president fires the attorney general. The new guy fires the special counsel. History repeats itself. No, the president - President Nixon understood the Constitution. He understood how to govern. He knew he was walking a tightrope. So when a lot of different people in Congress, the public, the courts stood up and showed their courage and they were outraged and started to push back, he backed down. He let the investigation continue. And 10 months later, he resigned. This time it looks like a circus where the clowns are walking a tightrope in slow motion and some people are cheering as if it's a joke. But it's not a joke.","Mr.  Doyle, I must say you sounded almost wistful speaking about Richard Nixon.","(Laughter) Well, yeah. You know, I've never compared Richard Nixon to Thomas Jefferson before. Never thought I should. But I told someone yesterday that compared to Donald Trump, Richard Nixon is Thomas Jefferson.","All right. I'll leave that as your opinion."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The current situation with the president and the special counsel is chaotic and lacks the same level of understanding and respect for the Constitution that Nixon had.","questions":"How did Nixon respond when people showed their courage and pushed back during the investigation?","answer":"Nixon"}
{"text":["It's been busy, definitely your traditional day after Thanksgiving where the phone starts ringing earlier in the day, and it just keeps on ringing. We're going to have a lot of people. They're going to have a lot of company over from yesterday and a lot of the people trying to be helpful in the kitchen, and they're going to put those potato peels down the drain and carrot peels and all the stuff that normally wouldn't go down the kitchen sink drain.","Kevin, I've been one of those people before, a few years back. I actually had a busted kitchen sink on Thanksgiving Day, and I couldn't find anyone open that day. By the next day, I was in a panic. Do you get the panicked calls the day after?","Oh, yeah. Yeah, definitely. You know, people, they're going to find out that a lot of the plumbers have not opened and that maybe their regular plumber that they call always is not going to answer their phone or say that they'll get right back to them. They get a voice machine or something.","Because you can capitalize on people's need the day after Thanksgiving, do you charge any more today?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The amount of people who will be calling Kevin for plumbing help is likely to be significant due to the increased activity in the kitchen on the day after Thanksgiving.","questions":"Which day might Kevin receive panicked calls?","answer":"Thanksgiving"}
{"text":["No, so Wim van Egmond is an artist, and he was trained as an artist. He was a painter at first, and he was really into painting from these scientific illustrations, biological illustrations from hundreds of years ago. And he said, well, you know, I could just do this myself. So he purchased his first microscope about 20 years ago and since then has been kind of perfecting the technique.","But when he started, you know, he was also working with film, like Roman Vishniac. And, you know, when he had to look up what he was looking at, these organisms, he was looking in reference books, things that are just unthinkable these days, of course you would just Google.","So he said that, you know, progress has gotten much faster because now you can just look and see your result immediately. You don't have to develop your film, and - you know, and so he's gotten - it sounds like he's gotten - he's sort of refined his techniques much more quickly in the days of the digital camera.","Now I know you like to limit the size of your video pick to like three or four minutes."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"when he had to look up what he was looking at, these organisms, he was looking in reference books, things that are just unthinkable these days, of course you would just Google.\" Literal meaning: Wim van Egmond used to search for information about organisms in reference books, which is an outdated practice now that we can easily search on Google. Actual meaning: Wim van Egmond used to search for information about organisms in reference books, and nowadays it's more common to use online resources like Google for such searches.","questions":"What was Wim van Egmond's outdated practice of searching for information about organisms?","answer":"reference"}
{"text":["The videos of the embryos. He does sort of time lapse of human development, and it was really fascinating to watch, going from this sort of little hard to, you know, nondescript ball to what you would recognize. . .","As an embryo.",". . . as an embryo or a fetus.","This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow talking with Flora Lichtman about our Video Pick of the Week, and it's a - videos of embryos, all different kinds of embryos. So you got the film, the footage. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : his is an idiomatic expression that refers to a conversation or discussion, rather than a literal act of talking with someone.","questions":"What does the idiomatic expression in turn 2 refer to?","answer":"Race,Economics,Criminal,Justice,Cities"}
{"text":["Look. We - no - we have low-skilled workers who come to this country all the time. . .","Low skills is different than no skills.",". . . Well, low skill - that's what the chief was talking about. We're talking about bringing in the best and brightest from around the world. That's not what is occurring now. But let's not pretend for a second we have a mean, heartless immigration policy. We have the most generous immigration policy in the world. So to pretend as though, somehow, we're closing off to the world is just ridiculous. What this president and what the chief of staff was talking about is we want people in this country who have a lot to offer the United States, who are the best and the brightest. And right now our immigration system as such - we don't get that.","I'm afraid I got to come back to the McCain question one more time because, you know, we wouldn't keep asking it if someone in the White House would say, look. I wish it hadn't happened. He's a great American. He's given great service to the country. He might be in his last days. Let's just shut down this controversy and say, thank you for everything you've done for America. But why won't the White House say that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The US immigration policy should bring in the best and brightest from around the world","questions":"How does the US immigration policy prioritize immigrants?","answer":"Best"}
{"text":["And could you please describe the dish for us?","Yeah, without getting into all the controversy surrounding the dish, basically it consists of guanciale, which is the cured, salted cheek of a pig, tomatoes, usually tinned or jarred, not fresh tomatoes, pecorino, which is sheep's milk cheese, and a little bit of dried hot chili pepper, which the Italians called peperoncino.","And it was, at one point, distinct to this area of Italy.","It's hard to be absolutely hard and fast about these things. But, yes, I mean, there was a version which is currently called pasta Gricia, which is without the tomatoes, and that's definitely from this region. And it's probable that the version with tomatoes, which is called Amatriciana now, is from the region. But some people think that the tomatoes happened in Rome. Rome has certainly taken the dish to its heart, and you'll often find it described as a Roman pasta.","And what's the controversy that you were trying to avoid?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Implies that the speaker has knowledge of a controversy related to the dish, but doesn't want to talk about it.","questions":"Which aspect of the dish does the speaker avoid discussing?","answer":"Controversy"}
{"text":["Well, that's a big part of the checkout of the - what we're doing for the first month or so is just going through and sort of systematically checking out each part of the rover, all of the science instruments, the basic mobility, capability, the arm, the different pieces just to make sure everything is okay after the voyage to Mars.","And then we'll start doing the science mission and really, in earnest, you know, start exploring the area around Bradbury's Landing. It's - in the case of ChemCam, we also get the benefit with the laser that we were actually able to do some early science measurements, as well. And so, as part of the checkout, we got science data in addition.","Do you have a rock in mind that you want to zap in earnest?","We did, yeah. Well, we actually zapped pretty much the area right around where the rover landed. And it's actually interesting to the scientists because the plume of the rocket engines actually, sort of, scoured out an area on both sides of the rover, which normally Mars is covered, all the surface area is covered, with a lot of dust."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that B wants to know if A has any Rock in mind that they want to use the rover's instruments to study.","questions":"What benefit did they get from using the laser as part of the checkout?","answer":"Area"}
{"text":["For sure. I remember I approached my mom with an article by the CDC and asked why, according to the CDC, vaccines don't cause autism and why mercury is not this extremely dangerous substance and poison found in vaccines that, you know, some people like herself would claim. And her response was simply, that's what they want you to think.","And I was just blown away that, you know, the largest health organization in the entire world would be written off with a conspiracy theory-like statement like that. And so moments like that I can recall back to, where I just thought, like, the concern with the evidence is not here.","When did you get vaccinated?When did you start?","I had two vaccines when I was 2 years old. My mom claims that one of those did not happen, or it happened against her will, and the only vaccine I should have gotten was a tetanus shot when I was 2. And that was it. Alongside that, I've never got any other vaccines - hepatitis, polio - anything."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to approach someone with something in this context means you are showing them something","questions":"Which organization was written off with a conspiracy theory-like statement in the dialogue?","answer":"CDC"}
{"text":["Yeah. I think people are starting to back away from that a little bit because there are enough little pockets where you could get some ice accumulating every summer and not melting out because, basically, you have the wind that pushes that together and piles it up. So you have always have a few places where it's piled up. But on the other hand, that will be a fairly small part of the Arctic, quite a small bit. So it's not - so for practical purposes, the ocean will look ice-free, and the North Pole may be sort of in a large area of no ice at all. Occasionally, right now, there are cracks and there are openings that drift around. And so, sometimes, the North Pole itself is in an ice-free area.","Open water, yeah.","But it could be possible to be in a large area of open water in the coming decades. That's the expectation.","The other enormous area of a white, reflective surface is the ice cap that covers the island of Greenland, the biggest island in the world. And that this summer also had a really powerful melt."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The ice cap on Greenland is melting rapidly","questions":"Which island has the biggest ice cap in the world?","answer":"Greenland"}
{"text":["There were a bunch of others, \"The Rover Boys,\" a whole bunch, all out of this little, tiny factory.","Wow. Anything like it around today?","There are a million things descended from it. As far as I know, there's nothing really like it that would center each one on. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : bunch of others implies there are so many others available ","questions":"What was the factory producing?","answer":"literature"}
{"text":["Yes. The big topic, of course, is what he'll say about the president's unfounded claims that Barack Obama wiretapped his phones. He has also accused British intelligence of wiretapping his phones on behalf of Barack Obama. There's been no evidence produced for those claims. The British have pushed back against them strongly. People on the Hill say they have not seen any evidence of this, and Comey will be asked about that first and foremost.","OK.  And over at the Senate, the first hearings for President Trump's nomination for the Supreme Court - what kind of reception is he going to get?","Well, that's going to be the big event of the week. Neil Gorsuch, who has been nominated by Donald Trump, is going to be asked a lot of questions about his views on executive power, about Donald Trump's comments disparaging judges and the entire court system. This is one of Donald Trump's most important early initiatives. The Republicans have 52 votes in the Senate. They say if they have to change the rules so they won't need 60 to confirm him, they will do that. So it's going to be very, very hard for the Democrats to stop him. But this is just the first of many, many judicial vacancies that Donald Trump will have the opportunity to fill because of the age of judges on the bench right now and the number of vacancies.","And something else we're looking at, obviously, is what's happening on Thursday - a much anticipated vote in the House. They're voting on the repeal-and-replace legislation for Obamacare. Does Speaker Ryan have the votes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B: \"what kind of reception is he going to get?\" - This question is not referring to the physical act of receiving someone but rather inquiring about the kind of response or treatment the nominee will receive from others.","questions":"How will Neil Gorsuch be questioned?","answer":"Questioned"}
{"text":["You got a sinus infection but you taking a yeast infection medicine figuring if you lay down, it'll work its way up.","Do you believe in Mars and Venus, the whole idea that men and women are totally different?","I really do. And if I can get women to understand that every man that sleeps with you is not going to love you, then half of us will be all right.","What about the other half?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Mars in Venus\" is a reference to a book that asserted that men and women are very different. That's what it implies.","questions":"What book is referenced by the turn?","answer":"Marsvenus"}
{"text":["The truth is that there were many extremely brave people who decided to risk not only their own lives but also the lives of their families to rescue Jewish people. But the truth is also that there were many Poles who decided to betray their Jewish friends and their Jewish neighbors who were often living in hiding. And in addition to that, there were also those who didn't remain passive. But they were actively participating in a killing process. We cannot run away from this. We need to talk about this openly.","What I'm hearing you saying is that you're worried that the lessons of the Holocaust - that it wasn't just something that was done to people, but it was something that people also participated in either actively or passively - will be lost.","Yes. Well, in that sense, we are going back to this time in Polish history - and I'm talking specifically about the communist era - when the memory of the Holocaust was constantly distorted, twisted, politicized or just abused. And I'm just very concerned that we are now - we'll be following this path.","Are you concerned that if you say what you just told me in Poland, you could be prosecuted now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is worried that the lessons of the Holocaust might be forgotten or ignored","questions":"How is the speaker feeling about the possibility of the lessons of the Holocaust being disregarded?","answer":"concerned"}
{"text":["Yeah, South Korea, the Netherlands. We played, you know, the reigning champs, Serbia, and we also played Turkey. So yeah. Yeah, we had a good four games of full play.","I understand the French team looks strong.","They are strong. They're very good. There's a lot of good teams here. I mean, this is the highest level of 3x3 in the - 3 on 3 (ph) basketball there is around the world.","Do you feel you're kind of in on the ground floor of a sport that's going to become more popular around the world?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 3x3 basketball is highly competitive with many skilled teams","questions":"How would you describe the level of competition in 3x3 basketball?","answer":"Competitive"}
{"text":["Sir, why do we need a Space Corps?What threats do you see it defending us from?","Well, clearly, we've got some very serious, aggressive behavior by both the Chinese and the Russians in space. They have realized that that's a great equalizer if they can get good at it, and they're getting good at it fast. Unfortunately, we've become, just like every other war-fighting country, very dependent on space. But the truth is, it's not just our military; our country has become very reliant on space. Anybody that has a handheld iPhone or other device, that device is using space.","Because of satellites.","Satellites. So the Russians and Chinese have realized that if they can take our eyes and ears out, which is what our satellites are, they might actually be able to compete or have an advantage against us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Satellites are crucial for military and civilian operations, and losing them would give the Russians and Chinese an advantage.","questions":"How would losing satellites affect the advantage of the Russians and Chinese?","answer":"Advantage"}
{"text":["So I'm afraid he's not someone who looks at the situation in the same way that Western leaders do. He has different calculations, and he's trying to see if the Syrian state can be held together by Mr.  Assad. And I guess he will wait until it becomes completely apparent that that will not happen.","We're speaking with Fiona Hill, co-author with Clifford Gaddy of \"Mr.  Putin: Operative in the Kremlin. \"Her recent piece in Foreign Affairs, \"The Real Reason Putin Supports Assad: Mistaking Syria for Chechnya. \"You can find a link to that article at our website, go to npr. org, click on TALK OF THE NATION. And this is TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","Now, there is some suspicion that Syria may devolve into, well, different little warlord states, including an Alawite state led by Mr.  Assad based in the western part of the country near the Mediterranean. That's where the Alawites, 12 percent of the population live, and that's the element from which Mr.  Assad's family comes as well. At that point in the game, what does Russia do?","Well, you know, it's a very good question. I think it will depend on whether Assad asks for some kind of recognition for that state as the rump state of Syria, with the expectation that the rest of the territory might be regained. And if you think back to 2008, Putin actually has a track record already established, a recognition of entity."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : I'm afraid in this context means that the person doesn't like what they are saying but its true","questions":"How does \"I'm afraid\" convey the PersonA's attitude in turn 0?","answer":"Disagreement"}
{"text":["Right.","It's untrustworthy. It's greasy. But that's a stereotype of Chinese restaurants and Asian food that reflects a lot of stereotypes about the people as well, that they're untrustworthy, that they're dirty, that you don't know if they're going to sneak dog meat into your meal, right?That sort of thing.","Exactly. And also, a lot of those stereotypes about Chinese food that we're talking about are about Americanized Chinese food. You know, like, that it's greasy or overly sweet. We're talking about dishes like lo mein, kung pao chicken, sweet and sour pork. That's not real Chinese food.","Yeah. I mean, it's food that was adapted by the people who started these restaurants, these working class Chinese immigrants, to fit the market they were in, right?When you think about Joyce Chen, for instance, who was this historic really important figure in Chinese-American cuisine, she brought Northern Chinese food to Boston, to New England. And she was often called the Julia Child of Chinese food. She called dumplings Peking ravioli to fit the market. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : she is often called the julia child means that she is the most famous chef","questions":"What is the name of the historic figure mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"JuliaChild"}
{"text":["In a word, Ari - schadenfreude. I think at this moment, whether you look at politics or society in general, there is a lot of concern about fraud, about misrepresentation, people not being who they say they are, not to mention a lot of resentment of wealth and privilege and all the trappings that come with it. And the way this story has unfolded, the fact that these families really seem to believe that the rules should not apply to them - that's been galling to many people.","And then look at the setting, right?So elite colleges are the source of such cultural fascination. Some would say obsession. Highly selective colleges - you know, they only enroll about 1 percent of all college students. So they're very, very small. But then again, they have these brands that are known all over the world. And they're supposed to stand for merit, for hard work, for the best and the brightest.","And so when you look at something like this or, even bigger, the legacy admissions or the fact that some wealthy donors can write a check and get their kid into college that way supposedly, it - all of this is really going to undermine the idea of having institutions in our society that represent hard work and being kind of excellent.","So where do these cases go from here?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Implied meaning: People are feeling resentment and anger towards people who think they don't have to follow the same rules as everyone else. ","questions":"Which emotion are people feeling towards those who believe they don't have to follow the rules?","answer":"Resentment"}
{"text":[". . . To do is to keep family units together while they go through court proceedings so that they can have their cases adjudicated. That's the responsible thing to do. Everybody agrees that we don't want to separate families. But we do need to enforce the laws passed by Congress. How long that will be was determined by how long the adjudications taken.","And you know right now those cases can take years. Is that your plan, to hold families for that length of time?","Absolutely. The president's - absolutely not. The president's been asking repeatedly for more resources to speed up the process. And, again, we want to make sure that we're keeping families together while still enforcing the laws passed by Congress.","So you said absolutely not. But do you have your own limit?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Everybody agrees\" is not literal, it implies that nearly everyone agrees, that there's broad consensus.","questions":"What does the turn \"Everybody agrees\" imply?","answer":"Broad"}
{"text":["I don't think that that's what Israel really wants. I don't think they've made that decision. But I think we know in these circumstances things could escalate, get out of control, despite the intentions of the parties who are involved. And in this case, I think Israel was hoping that the Palestinians would stop firing rockets sooner than they have. They may feel compelled to do more, but that would obviously be an extremely dangerous bet.","These events, of course, are occurring at a time when there is an election coming up in Israel. Help us understand popular opinion in Israel on this subject.","Well, I think from an Israeli perspective, there's a consensus that it was simply unacceptable to live under the constant threat of Palestinian rockets, which led to as many as a million Israelis having to sometimes take shelter. So, there is that uncertainty, that constant sense of insecurity, even though the number of Israeli casualties have been extremely low. But that was something that most Israelis were not prepared to live with, and that's why you were finding this wall-to-wall, this quasi-unanimity behind this operation.","Help us understand Egypt's role. The Egyptian prime minister came to Gaza yesterday. Obviously, under the Mubarak regime that would have been unthinkable. What's Egypt's role in events now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They don't mean literally wall to wall but that everyone was for it.","questions":"Which phrase did the speaker use to describe the consensus behind the operation?","answer":"wall-to-wall"}
{"text":["Now let's turn to West Africa. For more than a decade, Liberia has been struggling to recover from civil war. It has a female head of state now, and it also has big supporters in the U. S.  One of them is Bob Johnson, who founded and later sold Black Entertainment Television. Now he's building a four-star beachfront resort near Liberia's capital, Monrovia. Bob Johnson recently told me why he decided to invest millions of dollars in Liberia's economy.","It's part of a commitment I made to President Johnson Sirleaf and the people of Liberia, to help Liberia recover from some 13, 14 years of civil war. And it came about as a result of my participation, as well as President Sirleaf's participation in President Clinton's global initiative that he hosts every year in New York. And the charter is, do something, small or large, but do something. And so my something is to help Liberia.","What are we talking about in terms of the kind of money it takes to make this happen?","We are putting in approximately 12 to 13 million dollars in the construction of this hotel and the opening of the hotel, which is scheduled for March of '09. It'll be an 86-room hotel, as I said, situated on the beach, great facility for everybody from government officials and expats who want to go back and visit Liberia, as well as business people who are looking to do business in post-conflict Liberia.","So, do you expect to get a tourist crowd eventually?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Bob Johnson is supporting Liberia's recovery after civil war","questions":"What event led to Bob Johnson's decision to invest in Liberia's economy?","answer":"Civilwar"}
{"text":["Yes. I will be a compulsive gambler until the day that I die.","So, how - what changes have you made in your behavior specifically to avoid going back to where you were?","Well, that's the good thing about the program. We do have a recovery program. We do have people in there that help with financial situation, emotional situations, etc. I needed to have completed the 12 steps of recovery and on a continuous basis at least 2 meetings per week. I need to know what the other people who are coming in or still suffering and that the disease is still out there. And by attending meetings, I will always know and I will never forget that compulsive gambling still exists for the compulsive gambler.","Well, sir, thank you for sharing your story with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The 12-step recovery program helps A cope with financial and emotional situations and reminds him\/her that compulsive gambling is still a threat.","questions":"Which program helps PersonA cope with financial and emotional situations?","answer":"12-step"}
{"text":["Justice Brennan wrote the majority opinion. But the swing vote holding that it was protected speech was Justice Antonin Scalia.","And President-elect Trump has often said he wants to appoint justices like Justice Scalia.","I think that's right. And I would hope that anyone who he would appoint would have a very solid respect for First Amendment values. I think it's crucial to our politics and our democracy that we respect even protests that really get on our nerves or that really we find deeply offensive.","But are we living in a time when people - and many of them on the opposite side, politically, from President-elect Trump - say they shouldn't have to put up with speech or accept speech that they find offensive, hurtful?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : speaker is talking about the importance of respecting speech that is offensive","questions":"What is the topic of the speech that should be respected?","answer":"Offensive"}
{"text":["Let's remind ourselves - Consumer Financial Protection Bureau created in 2010, a independent consumer watchdog. How did it find itself at the center of this drama?","Yes. So it was created as part of the Dodd-Frank Act and came in the wake of the financial crisis. And it has been controversial ever since its creation. It was the idea of Elizabeth Warren, now a senator, and it has been a fight every single step of the way. The financial services industry fought it, Republicans in Congress fought it and tried to block it, including for two years not confirming its first director. And their argument is that this agency can overreach and that it's unaccountable. Supporters say that that is very necessary independence. And so that's how it got. . .","Yeah, the point is to be unaccountable, yes.","Exactly. And so this is how you get this agency in the middle of this fight with its current director leaving and trying to set something up to protect it on his way out the door."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of \"Yeah, the point is to be unaccountable, yes\" is that the financial services industry and Republicans in Congress have been trying to block the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau because it has the independence to act without being accountable to those groups.","questions":"Which group has been trying to block the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau?","answer":"Financial-services-industry"}
{"text":["Hi, Lulu. Thanks for having me.","So Bashar al-Assad, the president, it seems has prevailed with Russian and Iranian support. Only one major rebel area remains. Has he won?","Well, it depends how you define victory. He has, for the moment, won the right to stay. And it does seem like the world, in many ways, wants to sort of normalize his presence. But I think it's pretty clear that it's not a victory of any real kind.","And the damage that has been done and that has been wrought does not appear to be facing any kind of true reconciliation or any kind of true reckoning. There's a lack of justice. There's a lack of accountability. And there's the presence of an incredible amount of impunity.","Well, take me into Syria. What are people feeling there now after these eight long years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The person was not actually taken to Syria, they were just told what was going on there.","questions":"Which person was not taken to Syria?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["He says that. But the question is, is this chaotic approach getting any results?He doesn't have a better deal with Iran. He doesn't have any deal with North Korea. And you have to wonder what other countries are thinking. Even Mexico, after approving a free trade deal, a no tariff deal, all of a sudden, he turned around and threatened tariffs on Mexico for an unrelated issue. So it makes it unclear for other countries who want to deal with the United States, whether they're our allies or our enemies.","And then, at least with Iran, the situation is unchanged. What happens next time there's a conflict in the Gulf?","All right. Let's look at another policy turnaround. As we've mentioned, the president has, as you know, talked tough on immigration for a very long time. It's his signature issue. Earlier in the week, he said he would deport a million immigrants starting today, but now he has postponed those raids, and he says he will resume them if the Democrats don't agree to change the asylum laws. What's going on?","Well, it's more whiplash as - on his way to his first big rally of his reelection campaign, that's when he said he was going to deport millions. Immigration has always been the go-to issue to energize his base. On the other hand, he has competing political imperatives because his immigration policies are costing him with independent voters, with suburban women. And it turns out that Nancy Pelosi did call him over the weekend, asked him to delay these raids, which were going to deport thousands, not millions."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The whiplash means that a person turns their head around quickly as the other person change's their opinions.","questions":"How does turn 3 describe the situation in the dialogue?","answer":"Unclear"}
{"text":["And, my gosh, you've had an interesting careers.","Well, I did science at school, largely, when I was a teenager and I became a doctor. I did five years medical school and became a doctor and was terrified for every single second of my medical career. I'd seemed to emerge from medical school with a qualification but nevertheless, I seemed to know nothing and was so scared and. . .","(Laughter) Forgive me, I'm so glad I didn't blunder into your practice.","Well, do you know, patients liked me 'cause I was really jolly and nice and what they didn't realize is they'd probably been much better off with some mumbling introvert who actually knew something. And in fact, I dreaded it. And my only happy day as a doctor was one sunny summer day where we got no admissions at all and I sat on the lawn outside the hospital and read \"The Longest Journey\" by E.  M.  Forster. That was the only happy day, and in the end, I didn't go back. And I thought, well, what could I do?I'm not qualified for anything else. I thought, the only thing I've done is comedy. And I applied for and got a job with BBC Light Entertainment in radio."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's use of euphemisms, understatement, or hyperbole may be intended to soften or intensify the impact of their words, or to convey a subtle subtext or implication.","questions":"Which literary technique did the speaker employ in their speech?","answer":"impact"}
{"text":[". . . To do is to keep family units together while they go through court proceedings so that they can have their cases adjudicated. That's the responsible thing to do. Everybody agrees that we don't want to separate families. But we do need to enforce the laws passed by Congress. How long that will be was determined by how long the adjudications taken.","And you know right now those cases can take years. Is that your plan, to hold families for that length of time?","Absolutely. The president's - absolutely not. The president's been asking repeatedly for more resources to speed up the process. And, again, we want to make sure that we're keeping families together while still enforcing the laws passed by Congress.","So you said absolutely not. But do you have your own limit?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Everybody agrees\" is not literal, it implies that nearly everyone agrees, that there's broad consensus.","questions":"Which word in turn 0 implies that there is broad consensus?","answer":"Broad"}
{"text":["There is no good precedent for thinking that these peace talks will work well for exactly the reason that you have said. The Syrian regime and its allies should - have at no point countenanced the idea that Bashar al-Assad will step down. And then the opposition negotiating committee reiterated in London this week that they foresee a six-month transitional period at the end of which Assad is no longer the president of Syria. So that's a pretty big sticking point.","And starts on Monday?","Starts on Monday at sundown, which is also the beginning of the Muslim Eid festival, yes.","Alice Fordham in Beirut. Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : expression of surprise, as the speaker is asking if the peace talks are starting on Monday despite the big sticking point.","questions":"What festival starts on Monday along with the peace talks?","answer":"Eid"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News & Notes. The UNITY Convention, considered to be the largest annual meeting of journalists around the world, kicks off tomorrow in Chicago. The convention brings together the National Association of Black Journalists, the National Association of Hispanic Journalists, the Asian-American Journalist Association, and the Native American Journalist Association.","This year's theme is a new journalism for a changing world. Joining us to talk about the gathering is UNITY president Karen Lincoln Michel. So Karen, can you give us a diversity report card of how the industry is doing overall regarding journalists of color?","Yes. The Radio-Television News Directors Association just released a survey yesterday that showed that there were some slight gains that were made in television among women and minorities. And I'm not sure if that also showed if the work force is shrinking in broadcast, but there some gains made there. But it's still below the levels of people of color in the U. S.  population.","There's a recent employment survey of minorities in the newsroom done every year by the American Society of Newspaper Editors. And this year's showed a very slight increase in the number of people of color in supervisory positions. Now granted, the whole industry shrank by about 2,400 positions, and nearly 300 of them were people of color. But in this climate, I think you need to build on small gains like the slight increase in people of color in supervisory positions."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The representation of minorities in newsrooms is still inadequate.","questions":"Which association is not represented at the UNITY Convention?","answer":"color"}
{"text":["It's perfect.","Yeah, bubbly jock. And an owl is a hoolet. And that, again, is based on the sound that it makes. And - but my favorite is a wood pigeon, is a cushie-doo.","That is an absolutely dead-on approximation of its sound.","Isn't it lovely?So a frog is a puddock and sparrow is a speug. So I've never used speug in a sentence, but when I was a boy, we used puddock. So I don't go around trying to convince everybody that my culture's better than theirs, but sometimes it suits my face better. It sits nicely in my mouth."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : suits refers to make proper or fit in and not a set of clothes to be worn","questions":"What does \"suits\" refer to in turn 3?","answer":"Proper"}
{"text":["Yeah. It was over in an hour or something, right?Yeah.","Exactly.","The emperor Augustus almost cracked up on your watch.","Yeah. That was - the Vatican exhibit was coming into the Met, some Leonardos, really fine, fine pieces of art. The Augustus was one big crate. And as the truck was coming down the ramp, you could see the truck driver was going too fast. And the top of the crate hit the concrete support beam in the garage, and all you heard was a crunching of wood. And my heart almost stopped."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Their heart did not almost stop but they did fell very close to panic when they heard the sound.","questions":"Which emotion did PersonA feel when they heard the sound?","answer":"Panic"}
{"text":["You know, Scott, it's really hard to say. Most of the people we've talked to here in Edmonton over the past few days say what's happening with FIFA has nothing to do with what's going on on the field. There's definitely a worry here, though, that the media will fixate on it. And at FIFA's opening press conference in Vancouver, the president of Canada's soccer association got a barrage of questions all about the drama, and he basically said, look, this is perfect timing for the Women's World Cup. It's the purest form of the game. It's soccer to the core. Let's focus on that because that's what this sport needs - some purity, some positivity. And let's not forget, Scott, this is the biggest women's sporting event in the entire world. And a half a billion people are expected to watch today's opening game between Canada and China, so it's a big deal.","And more national teams than ever, right?","Yeah, that's right. The World Cup is held every four years, and this year there are 24 teams, which is eight more than four years ago. It should be really exciting. Canada is a giant country. So they're going to be traveling around a ton from the West Coast of Vancouver all the way to Moncton on the East Coast, which, you know, hey, I've never even heard of that place so that should be. . .","I've been to Moncton."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I've been to Moncton\" - means the speaker has visited Moncton before, rather than literally carrying or moving to that location.","questions":"Which city did the speaker visit?","answer":"Moncton"}
{"text":["More than two million homes were in foreclosure by the end of last year and that has left entire neighborhoods practically abandoned. Some homes have been vandalized, used as drug dens, swimming pools become fetid, and lawns choked with weeds. Cathy Cardenas has a solution to that. She wants to make some money too. She's the owner of a new company called Designer Home Tending and she joins us now from Salt Lake City. What is Designer Home Tending?","Well, Designer Home Tending is a completely no-cost service that we offer to real estate agents and their sellers. We put qualified home tenders in a home to clean it up, bring life back into the property, and this most of time helps the house sell a lot faster than it would just sitting vacant.","What's a home tender?","A home tender is a person who moves into a house, they manage the property, they move into it, they have to have beautiful furniture, they decorate it like a model home, they take care of all the lawn maintenance, getting to weeds down. They care for the outside of the house for - they pay the utilities, cooperate for real estate showing. So it's nice because it gives them instant relief to the sellers who were already circling hard enough just to make their mortgage payment. And then to have all these other - to be relieved of these other expenses is a great service, and by having a home tender there's definitely been proven that the house would sell 40 to 60 percent faster most\u2026"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Lawns were not choked but had a vast amount of weeds in them that was killing the grass.","questions":"How were the lawns described in the dialogue?","answer":"Weeds"}
{"text":["Many of the smartest people in the world, the most engaged people in the world are also linguistically colorful, and sometimes you have to. . . .","Backtrack a bit. On that note, have you called the senator or spoken with the senator since. . . ?","I spoke with his staff. Our friendship remains intact and I do not want anything that was said in any guise to distract from his message and our support for his campaign.","Now during the '84 campaign you called New York \"Hymietown\" while speaking with a black Washington Post reporter, and you got a lot of heat for that. So, this I understand occurred when you spoke when you thought a mike was closed. So what have you learned about interacting with us in the media from all this stuff?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : linguistically colorful implies being very good or bright in linguistic ","questions":"What quality are many of the smartest and most engaged people in the world implied to possess?","answer":"Language"}
{"text":["Yes, I - my mom has a cleaning company, and she cleans for a lawyer here locally. And once she started working there, it just turned into, like, a really big place. Like, it was not easy for her to do by herself, so. . .","You pitch in after school or on weekends or. . .","We took Sundays and sometimes Fridays to clean up the office, which was probably the best days for us because after church, we'd just head towards the office and clean.","And that all went to your quince fund."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A's mom's cleaning company grew rapidly after taking on the lawyer's office as a client","questions":"What was the reason for PersonA's mom's cleaning company growth?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Yeah, it's a fine line. There is definitely a vernacular in law enforcement that is regional. On the West Coast, we call them suspects. On the East Coast, I think they call them perps - or maybe that's just the New York or the New England region. . .","Perps, short for perpetrators.","Yeah, short for perpetrator. And for a long time, our crime scene investigators weren't called crime scene investigators. They were crime scene analysts or forensic specialists and whatnot. And just about everybody has now changed their scientific investigations division to be called CSI. 'Cause you got to, you got to answer the phone: CSI, Smith.","Have you had screenwriters, aspiring novelists or actors say to you what kind of person is a cop?Why do they do it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn that has an implied meaning different from its literal meaning is (3). In this turn, the speaker is discussing how the names of crime scene investigators have evolved over time, and how many departments have now adopted the name \"CSI.\" However, the implied meaning is that popular culture, specifically the TV show CSI, has had an influence on the naming conventions of law enforcement agencies. ","questions":"Which TV show has had an impact on the naming conventions of law enforcement agencies?","answer":"CSI"}
{"text":["Well, what do you say to those people who find that analogy overblown, who say whatever drawbacks Vladimir Putin has a democratic leader, on the other hand, he hasn't undertaken to extinguish an entire people the way Adolf Hitler did?","Certainly in 1938, Adolf Hitler had not yet undertaken the Holocaust. In 1938, his arguments were reversing unjust borders, uniting old German speakers with the motherland, correcting historical injustice. This the same kind of argumentation Mr.  Putin uses. Now, of course, as of today, the analogy with Hitler remains overblown and may it remain so. Having said that, I really do not see an example of this kind of blatant land grab in recent post-war European history.","Any concern that Ukrainians who feel anxious might wind up fleeing to Poland?","We've had our first 100 refugees, Tatars from Crimea, entering Poland over the last couple of days requesting political asylum, and we expect more. If the situation on Ukraine's eastern land borders with Russia flares up - and I'm pretty sure it will - it won't be very difficult for Mr.  Putin to whip up trouble there to make proper conduct of presidential elections impossible - then I can imagine that the numbers of refugees will not be in the hundreds but in the thousands, and Poland is Ukraine's major outlet on the European Union. So, yes, the country is getting prepared to receive and accommodate refugees. But, of course, we hope that they will not arrive."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn 2, the speaker is implying that even though Mr. Putin's arguments may sound familiar to those of Hitler in 1938, the analogy between the two is still an exaggeration.","questions":"Which year was Hitler's argumentation reversing unjust borders and uniting old German speakers with the motherland?","answer":"1938"}
{"text":["Before the pardon, he was thinking about working through the Justice Department to help Arpaio off. And this was not because, necessarily, the merits of the case. The Washington Post reports that this was because the president saw Arpaio as an ally, a loyalist who needed to be protected.","You mentioned Congress comes back after Labor Day. Do you think Republicans go it alone and maybe pass what laws they want and then send them up to President Trump for his signature at this point?","When it comes to tax reform, Congress will take the lead. The White House is not trying to outline the details. Look for Congress to try to set where the rates are on corporations and on individuals and just try to get the president to sign it so he can maybe get a victory. That's what they've been seeking in Congress. They weren't able to get health care through. They're going to try to get a simple tax care package through.","Robert Costa is national political reporter for The Washington Post. Robert, thanks a lot."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.","questions":"What is the nature of the language used in this conversation?","answer":"Literal"}
{"text":["And she - my wife went and found the chaplain at Northwestern - a Lutheran chaplain who'd never performed a wedding before. She came to our room and performed the ceremony, just the three of us. It was a lovely, personal, intimate ceremony. And immediately after the ceremony, I took some pain medication and peed in a cup.","Well, that's one way to say l'chaim, isn't it?I made a short list: addiction abuse, adultery, abandonment, imminent incest and just plain old hatred. So is every family is a little bit like the Westons of Osage County?","What we have seen by doing this play is that the story of this family is pretty universal. And the dinner scene alone, in the theater - I can tell you that some people are howling with laughter, and other people are in tears and crawling under their seats. They find it very upsetting to watch because it hits pretty close to home.","\"Fiddler on the Roof\" with the F word?","That's one way to look at it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B: \"\"Fiddler on the Roof\" with the F word?\"","questions":"How did PersonB describe the play?","answer":"Play"}
{"text":["Like what, as you see it?","Well, there are a few things. First of all, ABC did try to get the case dismissed in the early going and the judge declined to do that. They tried to remove the case to federal court, which is a pretty well accepted strategy. But they couldn't remove it to federal court. So they were going to end up trying the case, really, in the plaintiff's backyard. So I think that those were risks combined with the fact that there's obviously a great deal of sort of free floating anti-media sentiment out there these days, which is hard to quantify. And the amount that was being requested by the plaintiff was, you know, billions, literally, billions of dollars.","Does a large settlement like this just embolden other people to sue media companies?","Well, I think that after we see a large verdict or a large settlement, we do tend to see an uptick. Many plaintiffs and their lawyers think that maybe media entities are easy get-rich-quick targets. I think that's a mistake."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : is asking if a large settlement will encourage others to file lawsuits against media companies","questions":"How do plaintiffs and their lawyers perceive media entities after a large verdict or settlement?","answer":"Easy"}
{"text":["You bet.","OK. The rope broke in my hands.","The rope broke in my hands. I'm writing that down right now.","That's good to know I could be of some use. Dave LaBounty of \"The First Line. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker may be hinting at a hidden agenda. They may be suggesting that the people they are talking to are not being completely honest and may be hiding something. This could be in a business situation, where the speaker suspects that the other party is not giving them all the information they need to make an informed decision. It could also be in a personal or romantic situation, where the speaker is suggesting that the other person is not being completely honest.","questions":"What is the speaker potentially suggesting with their turn in the dialogue?","answer":"Hiding"}
{"text":["Is this - does this - this explanation of how it works, does this offer you and other scientists an opportunity to study other materials or find out other ways things might work and become semiconductors?","Absolutely. I think the reason we were able to figure it out is because we have these very powerful probes like this very high-energy, very powerful X-ray source and these supercomputers where we were able to look at the atomic level of how the atoms are arranged and when they're arranged in a certain way why they exhibit this behavior.","And we can try and reproduce that in other materials and maybe even enhance it in design from the bottom up, new types of materials that have very strange properties.","And I think it's quite fascinating the tools that you use. One of the tools you used was an aerodynamic levitation furnace. It sounds like out of a science fiction movie."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It's a high level concept but it's exaggeration to say that it's fictional.","questions":"Which statement in the dialogue suggests that the tools used by scientists are fascinating?","answer":"Fascinating"}
{"text":["You know, while the cat was away the mice could play, and the gangsters increased their power, because being gangsters, a lot of them didn't have to serve. You know, they got out of the draft and a lot of men were aware and effort was focused elsewhere. So, their power increased and that's why you had a lot of gang wars at the end of the '40s and the beginning of the '50s. And I grew up in that era. But I also grew up with gangsters, because my father had to deal with them in various capacities and we lived among. . .","Your father ran the film company.","My father ran London Films. He made films like \"The Red Shoes,\" \"The Third Man. \"And he had had a long career in the film business, which was bifurcated with a career in intelligence. He had to deal with gangsters, and sometimes he would take me with him. Also, I went to school with their children. So, my rendition of gangsters is a little different from screenwriters' rendition of gangsters because screenwriters only know what they see in other movies. I actually grew up with these people and I think I have a pretty realistic take on it.","I was struck by something that Harry Copeland tells his aunt at one point in Staten Island. He says there was more light and air in the war than now. What did that mean?","Well, that I take from my own experience."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the question \"What did that mean?\" implies that the listener wants an explanation of the deeper meaning or significance behind Harry Copeland's statement, rather than a literal interpretation of the words \"more light and air in the war than now.\"","questions":"What does turn 3 imply about the listener's interpretation of Harry Copeland's statement?","answer":"Interpretation"}
{"text":["The narrower strike, I think, on chemical weapons, there probably would be - would have been a favorable vote because most - this is a - this has nothing - in a sense, it's not Syria. We're against chemical weapons wherever and however they're used. So that kind of strike, I think, has a justification in international law and in history. But it's the idea of a - intervening in this tragic civil war, I think, is a much broader question.","A while ago, Senator King, you were among those people in the Senate who supported greater support for Syrian rebels in the hope that they might be able to overturn the Assad regime. How do you feel about that now?Has the time for that opportunity passed?Does a strike like this promote that or have got nothing to do with it?","I don't think it has much to do with, as I say, the overall calculus on the battlefield in the civil war. And I'm afraid you may be right. Clearly, the momentum at this point is with Assad. The critical moment was when Russia came in in support of the Assad regime. And then you add Iran, Hezbollah and the other support that they're getting, all you'd have to do is look at the map. Two years ago, the opposition controlled a great deal of the country. And now, that territory is narrowing. And the fight now, this alleged chemical attack, took place in the Damascus suburbs.","So what should the U. S.  strategic goal be as far as you're concerned?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The opposition has lost territory and the alleged chemical attack took place in Damascus suburbs","questions":"What is the location of the alleged chemical attack?","answer":"Damascus"}
{"text":["OK. So let me break down - let me ask you to break down what that means. What is the yield curve, and what does it mean when it's inverted?","So the yield curve represents interest rates at different maturities. So usually, it's the case that a longer-term interest rate has a higher rate than a short-term interest rate. So think of a certificate of deposit at your bank. If you lock your money up for five years, you expect to get a higher rate than, let's say, locking it up for six months.","But in certain rare situations, things get backwards, and it turns out that the long-term interest rate is lower than the short-term rate. And that's called an inverted yield curve. That's exactly the situation we've got right now. And it is a harbinger of bad news.","So unemployment is at a 50-year low. The GDP is growing. Does that have an effect on the yield curve?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The inverted yield curve is a bad sign for the economy.","questions":"How is the yield curve viewed as a harbinger?","answer":"backwards"}
{"text":["If you dig into this latest employment report, the unemployment rate for those with a college degree is roughly half of the national average. But a new report by the nonprofit Center for College Affordability and Productivity says that roughly half of those college graduates who have jobs are now working jobs that don't require a college degree. People with Ph. D. s. are driving taxis and waiting on tables. They are earning much less than expected, and certainly bargained for when they began to rack up college debts. Dr.  Richard Vedder co-authored the study. He's also a distinguished professor of economics at Ohio University and joins us from member station WOUB in Athens, Ohio. Dr.  Vedder, thanks so much for being with us.","Glad to be with you, Scott.","Help us understand what this means.","Well, it means there's a lot of people that are going to college, I suspect most of them with expectations that upon graduation they will make a pretty good living and live sort of an upper middle-class American life. But instead, a lot of them are getting jobs upon graduation working as bartenders, taxi drivers - a million of them are retail sales clerks, 115,000 of them are janitors. They're getting jobs that I'm fairly certain are less than what they're expected when they began the college experience."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker's tone or choice of words may suggest that they have reservations or doubts about a particular topic or decision.","questions":"What is the PersonA's tone?","answer":"Reservations"}
{"text":["Well, there's no doubt about that. So the near-Earth asteroids number about 500,000, but we only know of 9,000. And the reason that they're so interesting, Ira, is because they are actually energetically easier to reach than the surface of the moon. So we've been to the moon many times, and the moon is a great place, which is very worthy of our exploration. But just to give you an idea of how close some of the asteroids are, they're easier to reach than our own moon.","Yeah.","So they're not way out there in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. These are. . .","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn \"Yeah\" in this context implies agreement with the previous statement, understanding, and interest in the topic, which is different from its literal meaning.","questions":"What did PersonB say in response to PersonA's statement about the near-Earth asteroids?","answer":"Agreement"}
{"text":["That's essentially what it is, except the other person will never know that you put their name down unless they also put your name down.","OK.","I mean, I make fun of it. I'm probably still going to use it, right?OK (laughter)?","So - well, to that end, though, what kind of feedback are you hearing about this so far from the other countries where it rolled out?And I know it just started here, but - so what are you hearing so far?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The person wants to know what other countries thought about it once it started.","questions":"Which question does PersonB ask about the feedback from other countries?","answer":"Feedback"}
{"text":["We should note that USA Today, which when it was founded in 1982, said it would never endorse a candidate for president - didn't want to go to that kind of - didn't want to participate in that kind of politics - has not endorsed a candidate but has said, in some departure from their usual policy, Donald Trump is unfit to be president, so don't vote for him.","What's an editorial worth in this age of social media?","You know, we know that people don't read newspaper editorials by and large. And if they ever read one, it's usually something like this in the presidential season. But we know that people read about them and hear about them.","And that's where, in the age of social media, they may actually matter more because people are going to be talking about this wipeout, this refusal of people who, remember, historically, have almost always gone with Republicans, to go with Donald Trump.","OK, now Miss Universe. Did Hillary Clinton set a trap for Donald Trump, which he sprang on himself?","You know, this story could have gone away in 24 hours or 48 hours. It could have had some impact on Monday night and perhaps, then, just gone away. We've heard an awful lot of high impact stories come and go already in this campaign."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) What's an editorial worth in this age of social media?","questions":"How do people usually read newspaper editorials?","answer":"By"}
{"text":["From what I can tell, as an observer of the trial, it has. You have to bear in mind what the juror's going to be focused on are the documents. In a white-collar criminal case, it's hard to ignore what the documents say. You've got tax returns that they're putting in. You've got mortgage applications that they've entered into evidence. You've got emails. The witnesses are putting those emails - those other communications - in the context. But to a large degree, the record is all written.","And just in the 25 seconds we have left, any idea what direction the defense is going to take?","It's hard to say. The defense can put witnesses on, or the defense can choose not to. The defense can put the defendant on or can choose not to. I think that's probably unlikely in this case. I don't think Paul Manafort will end up taking the witness stand. But I think, at the end of the day, they're going to end up pointing their finger at Gates as a dishonest business associate who really is the one responsible for these crimes.","Tim Belevetz, former federal prosecutor, now in private practice. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The documents hold significant weight in determining guilt in white-collar criminal cases.","questions":"How are white-collar criminal cases determined?","answer":"Documents"}
{"text":["Yeah, so when Zazi got picked up in the fall of 2009, he immediately started cooperating. And from then on, for the last 10 years or so, he's cooperated against a number of high-profile trials in the U. S.  - the third in command in al-Qaida, another American and a British operative. He cooperated with law enforcement over 100 times, did interviews there. They described his cooperation as extraordinary, some of the best they've seen in terrorism trials.","Do we know why?","You know, sometimes when these things happen - and I've interviewed a few individuals who've joined al-Qaida and other groups like this - they have an awakening moment when they're looking, sitting across the table from an FBI agent. It becomes very real to them in a way they hadn't seen before. For Zazi's case, he decided that he made a mistake, and he wanted to rectify that.","There are three men who were involved in this plot. Two of them cooperated with the government. But the third guy decided to go to trial rather than plead guilty. He's in prison for life now. I don't want to sound cynical, but it does seem like a change of heart is a good legal strategy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The heart was not changed but the opinions of the person were.","questions":"How was the heart affected in the case of the third guy?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Studios can hold out. They're in bad shape. I mean, they're going to be hurt by this environment economically. But that doesn't mean they can't survive for quite a long time with a strike underway. And that means that people would - I mean, it would just be so devastating; people would lose their jobs. And that wouldn't just be the actors; it would be people who support productions. The actors, unlike the writers, they can close down a movie very quickly. So, it would be an immediate and potentially a long-term and the devastating impact not only for the economy here, but for the Screen Actors Guild if it turned out to backfire.","So, Kim, what happens from here?What's the next steps?","At some point, they can declare an impasse, and the Screen Actors Guild will go to its members and ask for a strike authorization. That requires 75-percent approval of those voting. There certainly are some very high-profile actors - George Clooney, Tom Hanks - who are very opposed to this and who probably would go out there and try to persuade people to vote and vote it down. But with 75-percent approval of those voting, not of the membership, of those voting, that would mean they would have strike authorization and they could initiate a strike.","And if there is a strike, what would that mean for viewers?Does that mean even more hours of reality TV?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to hold out in this context means to wait","questions":"What would be devastating if studios couldn't survive for a long time with a strike underway?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["And what's your budget been?","Our budget is around $130,000. And that might sound like a lot, but it's a lot - it's way, way cheaper than, you know, most space programs.","SpaceX probably spends that on lunch.","Sounds about right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : SpaceX spends a lot of money on their projects","questions":"What is SpaceX's lunch budget?","answer":"lot"}
{"text":["Sure.","We are always so grateful when you come on this show. I got to tell you - we got a lot of noes from Republicans who didn't want to come on this show and talk about gun policy, except, you know, maybe they'll go on Fox News. If the Republicans are proud of their record on guns, why not be interviewed about it?","Well, I can't speak for all of my colleagues on this. I mean, we obviously have a very serious violence problem in the country and particularly a firearm violence issue. And that - you know, we must address it. That said, we also have to respect the rights of people who own. . .","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Republicans are not willing to discuss gun policy in an open and honest way.","questions":"What is the topic of discussion in turn 1?","answer":"Fox"}
{"text":["\"VIC\" (Member, Overeaters Anonymous): Hi.","Vic, I want to start with you, and I want to be very specific. Give me an example of a day when you completely lost control over your eating.","\"VIC\": It wasn't a day. It was the day before (Laughing) and that day and the next day. But anyway - OK, so I wake up in the morning, totally hung over. Dr.  Lerner - Marty - described very well, you know, having lost control. So, I wake up, I feel terrible, and the last thing I want to do, I think in my rational brain, is eat because I feel so bad. And yet, I know that if I take one bite of anything, I'll be off and running. And I'm scared. I'm really scared.","Let me just ask one thing. When you say hung over, do you mean hung over from overeating or hung\u2026"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Despite feeling terrible, Vic has a compulsion to eat.","questions":"Which feeling does Vic experience when he wakes up in the morning?","answer":"Scared"}
{"text":["Oh, by all means. I mean, the family in particular has been just, I mean, courageous. I've been at this 50 years now, and sometimes families withdraw, and we understand that. But this family has been a model of participation in all of the rallies, the demonstrations that we've had, and some of the members will be arrested. Therefore, they have sent a message across the city, indeed across the nation, rallying young people because Sean was about 22, 23, rallying young people to this cause.","Now, you and Reverend Sharpton's National Action Network were involved in protests around the shooting death of Amadou Diallo. Civil disobedience played a big role in those protests. What do you think those protests taught you, or what did you learn from them?","Well, you know, we've been doing this across the years. There's nothing new about a civil disobedience. But having 1,200 people arrested in a daily civil disobedience venture is phenomenal. It made an impact upon the police department itself and upon the politics in New York. Giuliani was the mayor at that time.","We hope that we will have a residential law. That is to say that policemen should live where they work. So that would mean you kill where you live. And I suspect that if you're going to kill where you live, you'll be more inclined not to kill, and we hope that there would be an independent civilian complaint review board that would review the behavior of the police."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implementation of a residential law for policemen and an independent civilian complaint review board would decrease police brutality.","questions":"How would the suggested measures impact police behavior?","answer":"Decrease"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me.","You know, I've heard about this going on in Ithaca, New York, and the largest of these systems we're told is in Western Massachusetts. I believe they call it BerkShares there. They've circulated about $2 million in BerkShares in two years. So, how do you explain this idea of local currency to the average person?","Well, we talk about Equal Dollars as a community currency and bartering system that essentially serves as a companion to the U. S.  dollar. It's what maybe our ancestors did like seeds, gold, silver, copper, beads, cattle, diamonds, spices, things that people have used over the years and centuries to expand their current way of acquiring goods and services. It acts as a non-interest-bearing, spendable, transferable discount. And it\u2026","How does it work in terms of, you know, going to the store?Can I get on the bus with it?Can I catch a cab?Can I buy a refrigerator with it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B doesn't literally want to know whether they can do all those things. The \"I\" is meant to refer to anyone... can any person buy a fridge with this currency.","questions":"How is the \"I\" in turn 3 meant to be interpreted?","answer":"Anyone"}
{"text":["Well, I don't think anybody really knows, except the two of them, because it was a meeting without staff, without any advisers present. Senator Feinstein came out this morning and spoke to reporters. She hosted the meeting at her home. She said that it seemed very cordial. The two sat in comfy chairs in her living room.","They sipped water. They talked for about an hour and that they were laughing as they left. So, we know that the mood was fairly pleasant, and what Senator Obama's advisers tell us, is that they talked about how to move forward and how to achieve party unity, and how to bring together the factions of the Democratic Party that had supported each of the two of them separately, how to bring them both together to now beat John McCain in November.","So, was it a bargaining session?Was it my votes for a VP slot, something like that?","Well, actually, we're told by Senator Chuck Schumer who's an ally of Senator Clinton's in the Senate that no, they did not discuss the vice presidential chatter. It's hard to imagine that they didn't though, given the fact that it's what's everybody - it's what everybody's talking about right now."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : implies that the meeting was focused on discussing how to achieve party unity and defeat John McCain in November. However, the actual meaning could be that the meeting was a bargaining session where Obama and Clinton discussed potential terms for Clinton to drop out of the race and endorse Obama. This is not explicitly stated yet is a possible subtextual meaning.","questions":"How was the meeting between Obama and Clinton?","answer":"Pleasant"}
{"text":["And then we're going to measure not just their genotype and their environment - things like air quality, water quality, their social setting - but also all the molecular biology that might help us to understand how it is that genes and environment shape aging.","Do you have a dog, Doctor?","I have a dog. I had two dogs until last year.","Oh, I'm sorry.","Our 11-year-old Weimaraner passed away. By 11, he was pretty geriatric. I have an 11-year-old mutt. And when I take her to the dog park, people think she's a puppy. She looks like a 1-year-old. And she's still very vigorous."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"Passed away\" doesn't mean to actually leave a physical place, it's a nicer way of saying someone or something died.","questions":"Which word is used as a euphemism for death in turn 4?","answer":"Passed"}
{"text":["Well, we'll have to wait and see. The purpose, obviously, is to send a signal that those members of the armed forces that choose to work with the opposition, if they are under sanctions, will have those sanctions lifted. And those who might be facing sanctions would not face them if they chose to work with the opposition. We're going to have to wait and see how that's received.","How important is the support that this government has received from Cuba, and Russia and maybe other countries, as well?","It's important. On the Cuban side, some of the support has been exaggerated in terms of numbers. But without a doubt, the support they provide in the area of counterintelligence has been critical to. . .","They send intelligence agents to help work the streets of Caracas, or wherever."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Cuban intelligence agents work in the streets of Caracas","questions":"Which country is known to provide counterintelligence support by sending agents to work the streets of Caracas?","answer":"Cuba"}
{"text":["Now, we're going to head east to New York. NPR's Robert Smith spent the day in the raucous Harlem Armory yesterday. He joins us now. How are you doing, Robert?","I'm doing great. And no offense to Cheryl; she's talking about the hometown pride for Barack Obama. They like to point out in Harlem that before he moved to Chicago, Barack Obama went to Columbia University and lived in East Harlem. So, there you go.","All right. Well, how did they process this spectacle yesterday?","\"Process\" is a tame word for it. It was an out-and-out party. Everything from giant video screens on 125th Street; there were big events at the Schaumburg Center for Black Culture and at the Apollo Theater. I went to a schoolchildren event at the Harlem Armory, and if you can imagine the sound of about 5,000 middle-school students in a concrete bunker like the Armory screaming at the top of their lungs, you can imagine, it not only hurt your ears, but it was a little hard to follow the inauguration with that much excitement in one place."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Harlem residents take pride in Obama's previous residency","questions":"Which neighborhood did Obama reside in before moving to Chicago?","answer":"East-Harlem"}
{"text":["Eastern Congo may be the most dangerous place on Earth, and it's getting worse. A rebel army is moving on the biggest city, Goma. Hundreds of thousands of people are running for their lives. This is the region of infamous ethnic killing between the many people who call themselves Hutus and the far fewer Tutsi.","Hez Holland is a correspondent with Reuters. He's been reporting from Goma. He joins us now. Hez, welcome. And remind us, this is also a region of enormous wealth - timber and minerals. People have been fighting over it for a long time.","At least. It's historically been a curse, what with the mineral wealth and, as you said, the timber, has been something that has been fought over for - since the Belgians. It's always been a place where minerals have been extracted and exploited, and the people have always been just pawns in the great game of any kind of colonial power, really.","Well, now, there's this rebel group led by a man named General Nkunda. He is a former Congolese general. And it is moving on the city of Goma. What are you seeing there now?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Eastern Congo is a dangerous place due to rebel armies and ethnic killings","questions":"Which region is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Eastern"}
{"text":["Yeah, thank you.","So tell us what the article said.","Well, it's very interesting. It's in the Jesuit magazine La Civilta Cattolica. It's a very historic magazine, the Jesuits, of course, being the same order that Pope Francis - an order of priest that Pope Francis is a part of. And what's very interesting is that these two authors are known to be quite close to him. One, Antonio Spadaro, was the person who interviewed him in 2013 and made a big splash. And what they're saying is that they're concerned about ties between fundamental evangelicals and, kind of, right-wing Catholics in the U. S.  that are focused only on very neuralgic issues and kind of dividing in politics.","And the article, I believe, specifically talks about xenophobic and Islamophobic views.","Yeah. What the authors say is that, you know, Pope Francis has really been trying to create a culture of dialogue encounter, really working with people across all the spectrums. And what the two authors in this article are saying is that these right-wing groups in the U. S.  have been really doing the opposite. Where Pope Francis is trying to build bridges, they're trying to build walls. And they're playing up concerns about migration, about refugees. And they're kind of operating in the exact opposite way of the pope which, for a Catholic, is obviously a very strange thing.","All right, this article also directly mentions President Donald Trump and his adviser Steve Bannon. What does it say about them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : \"Directly mentions President Donald Trump and his adviser Steve Bannon\" - The literal meaning is that they are specifically referred to by name in the article.","questions":"Which two individuals were specifically referred to in the article mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Donald,Steve"}
{"text":["What happened with Dr.  Strauss was upsetting. It was one night in your life. How has it stayed with you over the years?What's it done to your life since then?","So that building was fairly close to campus. And so for the next probably three, four or five years, you know, I went by that building a lot. It was hard to relive what's going in there. Again, you just kind of bottle it up and put it away. I'm, you know, upset with Ohio State. But I'm upset with Strauss, but he's dead. So I'm even more upset that Ohio State, a large institution that I have significant ties to and that I - you know, I met my wife there, asked her to marry me, have lots of friends from there. I've donated my time, donated money. And now I'm finding out that they failed me.","When the box opened back up on Memorial Day, I've had trouble sleeping at night. I sometimes wake up the middle of the night and see him standing over me doing what he's doing. And I still - there's one picture of him on the - a local TV station and Columbus' website - a color picture that I can't look at. If I see it, I just get sick to my stomach. So the box has been opened back up now, and it's been a struggle.","What would you like the university to do at this point in your life?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Bob experiences trauma and nightmares as a result of the abuse he suffered from Dr. Strauss.","questions":"Which person experiences nightmares?","answer":"Bob"}
{"text":["Michael was 23. He was the son of Nelson, who was the governor of New York at the time. As you said, his father had opened the Museum of Primitive Art. So he was collecting primitive art from the Asmat, who were incredible, beautiful carvers. And he was on a makeshift catamaran in a lot of rough, turbulent water, and they got into trouble. And they ended up drifting. . .","Like, capsized.",". . . a day. And. . .",". . . capsized on this catamaran. He's there with this guy called Rene Wassing, the Dutch anthropologist, and his last words are: I think I can make it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In this turn, the speaker uses the phrase \"I think I can make it\" in an ironic or sarcastic manner. The actual meaning is that the person's last words were probably expressing optimism or confidence, but the speaker implies that it was unrealistic given the dire circumstances.","questions":"What was the tone of the PersonA's use of the phrase \"I think I can make it\"?","answer":"ironic"}
{"text":["Oh, it's kind of odd. Really, it's quiet. The streets are quiet. There's this wariness, though, that, you know, death could burst from the sky at any second. Obviously, this is something that Israelis are experiencing as well with rocket fire there. But here, there are no warning sirens. There's not an Iron Dome to intercept anything. The military strength of Israel is tremendously more powerful than the military strength of Hamas or Islamic Jihad or other groups here. In some cases, Israel does warn people about strikes. For example, I spoke to a woman this morning whose neighbor is part of Hamas, that that person got a phone call this morning to get out of the house. He alerted the neighbors. This is sort of normal. She burst into tears. Her husband said, don't cry in front of the children. She took the kids to a friend's. She went to work.","And a normal life continues in the midst of all this?","Well, in some ways, it has to. If you aren't right next to a rocket attack, you might not even know it happens - or close enough by to hear it. I did speak to a man this morning whose, you know, baby came two weeks early three days ago. And he had to take the baby boy to the doctor last night at night. He had to do it even though he didn't want to be driving around at night. So, yes, people do carry on as they can.","And briefly - we don't have much time - but there have been similar flare-ups like this in recent years. Is there any sense of what's coming next in this conflict?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: Is there any indication of what will happen next in the conflict?","questions":"Which word in the dialogue implies a sense of uncertainty about the future of the conflict?","answer":"Indication"}
{"text":["You're a breast cancer survivor. Your husband passed away. One of your other children was in a serious accident, and yet when you deal with the Imus ordeal, you say I've never felt so powerless in my life. Why did that touch you so much?","You know, Farai, one of the things that maybe people didn't know is that here I had a team of 10 players, and five of those young ladies were freshmen. Less than a year before that, they were sitting on bleachers at a high school graduation. Some of them that came to me had braces on their teeth. They had dreams and aspirations of becoming doctors and psychologists and musicians and all the like.","And here while they had done something that they should be commended for because throughout the year, the year had been a tremendous struggle. They had been pushed to the brink, and yet somehow they survived. And beyond surviving, here they were standing before a national audience and being honored as one of the top two teams in this nation.","And I was so proud of them because I could remember seeing some of them cry or think that they couldn't and then to see their faces on television or USA Today and, you know, this is what it's all about - for us as leaders and as parents and as people that care about our young people - to take them to places that they don't think that they can go, have them accomplish those things, and then with that level of security and confidence, they can take on the world."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Despite facing several difficult situations, the Imus ordeal made the person feel powerless","questions":"Which ordeal affected the person the most?","answer":"Leaders"}
{"text":["Didn't Elon Musk know all this before he sent out that memorable tweet on August 7?","Well, a lot of people think he should have. Let's go back to that August 7 when he sent out that tweet and said I'm considering taking the company private, funding secured at $420 a share. And analysts immediately were very dubious that Musk could pull this off. Where would he get the 10 billions of dollars to take the company private?Did he really have the funding secured as he claimed?And that is something that the Securities and Exchange Commission is investigating, according to multiple reports. And Musk said at the time - or Musk said that two-thirds of the investors would stick with Tesla if it went private, but he really had no way of knowing that.","And why did he want to take the company private in any case?","Well, he's always chafed at the demands of Wall Street - the quarterly earnings reports, the pesky questions from analysts. He famously called one analyst's question boring and boneheaded on an earnings call earlier this year. But perhaps even more than all this, Musk. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : boneheaded implies being stupid or stubborn, and not a head full of bones","questions":"How did Musk respond to one analyst's question on an earnings call earlier this year?","answer":"Boring"}
{"text":["Well, you could say both. You know, in 2010, the parent company declared bankruptcy. There's significant debt surrounding and hanging over National Enquirer's parent company. But you can't separate this from the scandals. The Washington Post, in its reporting, claims that the hedge fund manager who's sort of controlling owner now of American Media says that he's disgusted by what he's learned. This is not really anything new for the Enquirer, but don't forget the legal trouble the Enquirer has been in. You know, it got dragged into the investigation of Michael Cohen and others. It had to, essentially, negotiate with prosecutors in order to avoid prosecution. And indeed, the Bezos scandal may raise the legal stakes once more.","I mean, we've probably all joked at the grocery store checkout stand, like, looking at the headlines - who would ever buy the National Enquirer?Well, now it's like a more serious question. Who would buy the National Enquirer?","Well, you know, in a straight world, you might say TMZ, the digital gossip site. It's hard to know. It's a damaged brand. It is a notable brand. Somebody may buy it as a plaything, or there's been speculation Jeff Bezos would want to strangle it, buy it and put it out. . .","Wow. That would be. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The National Enquirer is not a credible source of news and is often joked about.","questions":"How is the National Enquirer viewed?","answer":"Joked"}
{"text":["We don't presume when we cover the news. But we see estimates. For instance, FiveThirtyEight has her close to a 90-percent favorite in terms of their poll aggregation. If we're just projecting forward - and again, we don't know - this could be a very bitter aftermath.","Forget about honeymoons. You know, I was talking - I convened a roundtable of former campaign chiefs of staff yesterday - Republicans.","And two of them mentioned to me that they thought within the first year of her being in office, Paul Ryan, the speaker of the House, would be under great pressure to bring articles of impeachment.","During that debate, Hillary Clinton kind of deftly avoided any real response on the Goldman Sachs speeches, on her husband's transgressions, if I might put it delicately, and accusations of pay-to-play relationship between the Clinton Foundation and the State Department. Do you think these are the kind of issues that might persist after November 8, whatever the result?","Absolutely. And, of course, the email issues, as well - we saw this report come out last week of a, quote, unquote, \"potential quid pro quo\" between the FBI and State Department investigators. This is something that I think Republicans are going to use to unite themselves."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"Forget about honeymoons\" - This phrase implies that the situation is not positive and that there is no opportunity to start off on a fresh and positive note. ","questions":"What did the former campaign chiefs of staff mention to PersonA that might happen within the first year of Hillary Clinton's presidency?","answer":"Impeachment"}
{"text":["I was going to ask you about that. The Senate has changed hands, but they have a few weeks. Sometimes the president does get lame-duck nominations.","It's possible. The White House is telling me they're not going to push or jam her through. They think Loretta Lynch is so noncontroversial that there is a chance the Senate will take her up in the next few weeks before the Christmas holiday. But more likely, they could start the process with Democrats in control. Pat Leahy, the chairman of the Judiciary Committee now, a Democrat from Vermont, could start the process. And then the nomination would continue into the new Congress. That's what happened with the John Ashcroft nomination to lead the Justice Department in the Bush years.","Well, now, as we note, she's not the first woman to head the Justice Department. That was Janet Reno in the Clinton Administration. Is she going to be the same kind of figure that Janet Reno was?Janet Reno was very separate from President Clinton, unlike most attorneys general.","Well, this is an important point, Linda, because the White House says she's going to be apolitical and independent. The current attorney general, Eric Holder, who's vowed to stay on until Lynch is confirmed as his successor, has really been a political lightning rod. And Lynch is more going to a steward."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The White House is suggesting that Lynch will be a passive \"steward\" of the Department, in contrast to Holder's more active approach.","questions":"How will Lynch's approach to the Department of Justice differ from Holder's?","answer":"Passive"}
{"text":["Now, the big moment has come for Andy Murray and, of course, the hopes of all Britain are riding on him. He plays Novak Djokovic. What do you think's going to happen?","Well, I picked Novak Djokovic to win but these two, there's really very little to separate them. The pressure on Andy Murray, the pressure on this entire country to finally break the curse of not having a men's major champion at Wimbledon - the last champion to win here was Fred Perry in 1936. The women a little bit better; Virginia Wade in 1977. But the hopes and dreams of this country - it's so personal here - is to finally have a champion. And Andy Murray lost last year to Roger Federer. This year he's got a chance, but he's going up against the best player in the world. It's not going to be easy. He's going to have the entire crowd supporting him but at the same time, he's got a huge task in going up against Novak Djokovic, who's played in eight of the last - I'm sorry, now nine of the last 12 major championships. He's the best player going. Andy Murray has a huge, huge task in front of him.","Thanks very much, Howard.","No, my pleasure. I could watch tennis all day. It's the best.","Howard Bryant of ESPN. com and ESPN the Magazine, on the line from Wimbledon."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be conveying a hidden message or agenda that requires further exploration or analysis to fully understand.","questions":"What is the hidden message in turn 1?","answer":"Hidden"}
{"text":["Are there times in history when the U. S.  has had a growth rate of 3 percent?","Yes, it's been quite common. I mean, if you look back over the last 200 years - and the Trump administration says this - we have grown at 3 percent. And we don't want to give in to this idea that we now have a lower growth rate. They see that as giving up. The issue right now - growth is a combination of your labor force, how fast you're adding workers to the economy and how productive those workers are.","So labor force productivity has been slow for the last decade. And the demographics in our country, the aging of the baby boom, means that the workforce is not growing as quickly as it used to. Those two things together explain why we've had 2 percent growth, and demographics are really baked in. So unless you're going to increase immigration, the labor force isn't going to grow at the rate that it did in the 1970s and the 1980s. That puts the onus on productivity. Boosting productivity was what the Trump administration is going to have to do to get 3 percent growth.","And that would entail what?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  Implies that the aging of the baby boom and the lack of immigration are reasons why the growth rate is slower and that the Trump administration will need to focus on boosting productivity to reach the 3 percent growth rate.","questions":"How can the Trump administration achieve a 3 percent growth rate?","answer":"Productivity"}
{"text":["How. . .",". . . they're going to get cold.","Will this rise that you're predicting be noticeable in 100 years?Will the change affect the weather then?","You know, if the driving forces are, you know, according to some of the scenarios that are out there, yes; according to some of the others, no. And it remains to be seen what climate is actually going to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn (4): \"And it remains to be seen what climate is actually going to do.\" This response is a figurative way of saying that the future is uncertain and unpredictable. The literal meaning of the words is that the speaker does not know what the climate will do, but the figurative meaning is that the future is always unknown and there are many factors that can influence it.","questions":"Which word describes the figurative meaning of turn 3?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Thank you. Thanks for having me.","Now, Mr.  Pruitt approached deregulation with enthusiasm. Quickly, could you just give us a sense of his principal achievements?","He had actually very few achievements. He has many proposals in the pipeline. But most are in the pipeline, and most are deeply flawed.","So not likely to go zipping along and become new regulations.","I think that many will probably be revisited and, if they want them to be successful, will have to be adjusted and pay more attention to the law and pay more attention to science and protection of the environment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is trying to make A speak positively about Mr. Pruitt's achievements","questions":"Which politician is being discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Pruitt"}
{"text":["Right.","In south L. A. , it's black-Latino. Do you think that the NAACP will or should reach out to particularly other people of color to try to form coalitions?","Well that's been something that Julian Bond has been emphasizing throughout his chairmanship. I'm not sure the various precedents, the CEOs understood it. But it's the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. And Du Bois said at the beginning of the century that it was not jut black people, but black, brown, yellow all the colored races that had to work together. So I think that - and Jealous comes from a community and background where he is very much aware of that. I think the NAACP needs to do it, whatever the tensions are, whatever the issues are, whether it's housing or whose turf is available to whom, or immigration or whatever it is, jobs. I think the NAACP has to that, and I think Ben will do that.","Now, when it comes to civil rights, I talked to a young activist who is very much within the black community. His entire focus is on young black men and yet he hates the term civil rights. He thinks civil rights, the term, has undermined civil rights, the movement, because it's outdated, in his opinion. What do you think on that score?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The NAACP needs to work with people of color regardless of tensions or issues","questions":"Which organization needs to work with people of color despite any problems or conflicts?","answer":"NAACP"}
{"text":[". . . which has its own problems. Arranged marriages are - people are speaking up for them nowadays.","Well, you know, I mean, that that is the time. The woman - he asked the hand of this woman, his late 20s. But this is also because of that, that you can have this kind of melodrama. I mean, \"Romeo and Juliet\" today, it cannot happen because if the father of Juliet today say to Juliet, you cannot marry Romeo; and she say, I don't care. And she will go out and marry him anyway. And if she marries him, then there is no more love story anymore. You know, they marry; then they had a - lots of children.","You know, imagine Romeo and Juliet and they have like, 12 kids. Who would care about their story, you know?","Romeo and Juliet go to Costco. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Arranged marriages are - people are speaking up for them nowadays.\" The literal meaning of this turn is that arranged marriages have some problems, but people are starting to support them nowadays. However, the actual meaning is that arranged marriages are controversial and people have different opinions about them.","questions":"How do people feel about arranged marriages nowadays?","answer":"Controversial"}
{"text":["What are his legal and PR teams trying to achieve by releasing audio conversations or snippets of them with Donald trump and apparently claiming that Trump knew in advance of that Trump Tower meeting with a group of Russians?","Well, I have to say, Scott, I think that's pretty much a mystery to a lot of people. Most criminal defense lawyers and former prosecutors can't. . .",". . . That I've spoken to can't make sense of it. It's a very, very unusual situation.","We're getting some bad audio - either that or a Martian craft has landed over your shoulder, so you might want to take a look, in which case we really got a big story to work on."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Bob cannot understand the reasoning behind the release of audio conversations with Trump","questions":"Which person in the dialogue is identified as having audio issues?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Yeah. And the Curia is the administrative. . .","The Curia is basically the civil servants, the bureaucrats. Although, this weekend we do see that he has replaced Cardinal Muller, who was the prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.","Can you tell us what that is for people who may not know?","The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith deals with discipline within the church and doctrinal matters. But it also handles all cases of abuse and the disciplining of perpetrators of abuse, et cetera. So they are very much involved in actual cases of abuse that are brought to the church."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"The Curia is basically the civil servants, the bureaucrats.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that the Curia is a group of civil servants or bureaucrats. However, the actual meaning is that the Curia is the administrative body of the Catholic Church, which includes the civil servants and bureaucrats but also includes the Pope and other high-ranking officials.","questions":"Which body deals with discipline and doctrinal matters in the Catholic Church?","answer":"Congregation"}
{"text":["I think both can be true. I think - look. It's outrageous that there's an invoice. But it's not new. The invoice was not given lately. It was given to Special Representative Yun when he went to North Korea to collect Otto Warmbier. And at that point, when you're giving that invoice, you sign, and you leave. So it's not new. That's one. Second, it's not unique, either. When. . .","It's not unique to negotiations with North Korea or. . .","Correct - North Korea specifically.","North Korea specifically has a habit of this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : North Korea specifically has a habit of giving invoices when collecting detainees.","questions":"What country has a habit of giving invoices when collecting detainees?","answer":"North-Korea"}
{"text":["Diddley was also known for his signature rectangular guitar. Over his lifetime, he was honored with many, many awards. In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him 20th on their list of 100 most influential artists of all time.","He was admitted to the hospital last May with a stroke and had a heart attack last August. He died today of heart failure at age 79 in his home in Archer, Florida.","(Singing) Now I'm a man, Made 21, You know, baby We can have a lot of fun. I'm a man.","That's our show for today. Thank you for sharing your time with us. To listen to the show or subscribe to our podcast, visit our website, nprnewsandnotes. org. To join the conversation or sign up for our newsletter, visit our blog at nprnewsandviews. org. News & Notes was created by NPR News and the African-American Public Radio Consortium."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B may not be a man and likely didn't just turn 21. B is singing a Bo Diddley song in honor of his death.","questions":"What song is PersonB singing?","answer":"man"}
{"text":["What are you doing to shore up the levees themselves?And are you inviting residents to help?","Really, what we're looking at now is quick response-type actions - things like, you know, sandbags, sand and gravel filters that'll help increase the pressure and keep water from seeping through the structure itself. We've got National Guardsmen that have been mobilized and are on the levee 24 hours a day, along with our engineers. You've got local first responders, police, firemen doing the same.","In terms of the actual community members themselves, we really aren't having members of the public out there, other than the mobilized guardsmen actually helping with the effort. In fact, some of the local officials are really sort of encouraging local residents to stay away from areas that are experiencing any sort of issues with the levees. They want to try to minimize any sort of impacts that may occur for the public at large.","So we've seen reporting about the last time this district saw this kind of flooding. It was back in 1986. I think the levees then had to hold up something like 12 hours. We're way past that now. So how should we be thinking about whether or not these levees are strong enough?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation is urgent and requires immediate action.","questions":"What kind of actions are being taken to address the urgency of the situation?","answer":"Quick"}
{"text":["Yes. There are tens of thousands of North Koreans who are hiding in China today. At the peak in the late '90s, early 2000s, there were more than half a million. But in - about 25,000 have made it safely to South Korea where they're living today. And about 140, 150 have come to the United States, and there have been several hundred who've gone to Europe.","And this underground railroad, obviously the phrase we associate with escaped slaves from the South before the Civil War, but the analogy, you say, is apt.","The analogy is very similar. It's a secret network of safe houses and routes - secret routes across the country. It's staffed. It's operated mostly by Christians, similar to the original Underground Railroad, though there are also people who are in it for the money who are involved - brokers and human traffickers. And many of the people who help the North Koreans in China are ethnically Korean. That is they're Korean-Chinese or they're South Korean or there are - they are Americans who are of Korean heritage. I interviewed a number of the rescuers, and their stories are incredibly inspiring. Especially in this Christmas season, you think about these are people who are living their faith by going to a hostile country to help, and helping people that nobody else in the world is prepared to help.","And it's interesting. You tell the story of one of them: Adrian Hong."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : tens of thousands refer and implies large number ","questions":"How many North Koreans are estimated to be hiding in China today?","answer":"tensofthousands"}
{"text":["Are they willing to let people die over that principle?","Oh, no. No, you don't - but to who - and that's such an interesting - I love that you got right to the college dorm part of the argument, you know - are you going to let people die?No one's going to let people die. You know, there's talk about - oh, my gosh, the Trump budget cuts Meals on Wheels. Meals on Wheels gets 3 percent of its funding, approximately, from government sources. Ninety-seven percent is people want to take care of their neighbors.","I. . .","People are not going to let their neighbors die."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Are they willing to let people die over that principle?","questions":"How much funding does Meals on Wheels get from government sources?","answer":"3"}
{"text":["The flaws that one makes, that one has, are more apparent. The mistakes one makes are more apparent when you've died. The sweet scent of marjoram sweeps away all the contradictions, but yet Jesse Jackson has been the most extraordinary rhetorical genius to articulate the vision, the virtue, and the value of black life in the American public square.","Al Sharpton has emerged in the last few years. Reverend Al Sharpton himself sees himself as part of the legacy of Martin Luther King Jr. , but at the same time, he worked up north, Dr.  King worked down south. Jessie Jackson, of course, worked in Chicago. And these two gentlemen then challenged some of the prevailing forms of oppression in the midst of a northern culture that had not yet tested its commitment to civil rights.","And Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton forced them to grapple with it. Jackson in Chicago, Sharpton in New York, especially focusing on police brutality and forms of white mob violence directed against vulnerable black people. Barack Obama\u2026","And then - yeah, Barack Obama has a sort of different place in the\u2026"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The literal meaning of this phrase is that the scent of marjoram can be used to mask contradictions. The actual meaning, however, is unclear and seems to be a metaphor or poetic expression that may require further context or interpretation.","questions":"What does the statement in turn 0 suggest about the flaws and mistakes one makes?","answer":"Unclear"}
{"text":["It's the gear for your grinds video.","The coffee decoder series.","And with some very surprising results. Thank you, Flora.","Thanks, Ira."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It's a video about what to use to make coffee with your coffee bean grounds.","questions":"How is Flora related to the video?","answer":"coffee"}
{"text":["Well, I mean, he has been followed by the Secret Service for all these years pretty much every time he goes out. But I think that's not a good use of Secret Service agents. And also, you know, here are some other questions - he's going to be staying in his mother's house, who's 89 years old. Is she going to be the one who's making him take his meds every day?Is there a gun in the house?I mean, I've never heard answers to any of these questions. And what happens when she dies?I mean, his brothers and sister have said they can then take over his care, but he could never slip away from them?Like I said, I think he's a very devious man and I think he's proven that.","Patti Davis, an author, most recently of the book \"The Wit And Wisdom Of Gracie. \"She joins us from NPR West.","Patti, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is (4): \"A: Thank you.\"  The literal meaning of \"Thank you\" is an expression of gratitude or appreciation. However, in this context, it is likely used as a polite way to end the conversation or acknowledge the host's farewell. In other words, it implies that the speaker is ready to end the conversation and move on.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue implies that the speaker wants to conclude the conversation?","answer":"Turn4"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And again, with this fresh production, I think - it's like that Emily Dickinson quote: Tell the truth, but tell it slant. \"I think that is originally what Tennessee Williams was getting at with the idea of plastic theater; that it does not have to be a literal expression of the truth. You can come at it from an angle. And what's beautiful here is that John Tiffany, I think, takes that literally and created this abstract set with Bob Crowley. And what's also interesting to me, Scott, is that John is English, and Bob Crowley, the set designer, is Irish. And John said to me, you know, doing Tennessee Williams in America is like an American stage director doing Shakespeare in the UK. And this season there we have Pinter, we have Beckett, there are revivals of Shakespeare - but Tennessee Williams is the only American playwright being revived on Broadway in the fall.","With all due regard to Beckett and Shakespeare and the other fine playwrights you mentioned, I'd put Tennessee Williams up against all seven or eight of them.","I would too. I would too.","Barbara Chai of the Wall Street Journal. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2).  When B says \"With all due regard to Beckett and Shakespeare and the other fine playwrights you mentioned, I'd put Tennessee Williams up against all seven or eight of them,\" they are not actually suggesting that they would pit Tennessee Williams in a physical or competitive sense against other playwrights. Rather, they are expressing their high regard for Tennessee Williams as a playwright and suggesting that they consider him to be on par with, or even superior to, other great playwrights like Beckett and Shakespeare. This is a common expression used to convey a high level of respect or admiration for someone or something, without actually implying a literal competition.","questions":"What quote does PersonA use to describe the idea of \"plastic theater\"?","answer":"Emily"}
{"text":["Well, I will say he's not so much trapped. He did do the wrong thing, and he knowingly did the wrong thing for what he believed were for the right reasons. But he still did break the law. So there was going to be some sort of comeuppance in regard because I didn't want to do it where he does something illegal, and it's, like, but it's the main character. Let it slide. On the other hand, the idea was to show that once he's there, exactly where he's sending people.","And one of the reasons I found this interesting is there are comics like \"Doonesbury,\" for example, that are known for taking on topical issues, but that has always been the flavor of \"Doonesbury. \"As I said before, this is a legacy comic. I mean, it started in 1952. The people who've been reading this comic aren't necessarily used to this. And I'm wondering how people - or how are your fans, how are the readers of the comic are taking it?","I - we'll use the word fans.","This is a legacy strip. And I'm not trying to go, OK, now I'm just going to make it so now, and it's going to be thing. But on the other hand, you never want any strip or anything to be caught in amber, and you do want it to always be moving and feel like it's alive. So - now, granted, we do have the fantastic elements. Assassins appear regularly in this strip. . .","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"be caught in amber\" implies that a comic strip appears to contain no action or movement.","questions":"How does \"being caught in amber\" affect a comic strip?","answer":"Stagnate"}
{"text":["And you do say us. You believe that you've been complicit in some small ways, too.","Of course. I believe that everybody has. I tell a story in the piece about a former colleague of mine who did not harass me but who I saw harass other people. And at a later job, that colleague, I was told, was going to be brought on. And I made this stand. No, I will not work with him. But I was on a leave at the time. And I was told - OK, it'll just be temporary. By the time you get back from your leave, he'll be gone. And he was.","However, when I got back from that leave, there were younger employees who came to me afterwards and told me that he had messaged them inappropriately. So you know, here I was thinking, actually, that I was, you know, doing the right thing by raising my voice in concern. But in fact, in doing it only, in some ways, on my own behalf, I failed to protect the others - younger women - from that kind of behavior.","Some of the allegations against prominent men - and be they Harvey Weinstein or Roy Moore or James Toback or President Trump or Al Franken - are 10, 20, even 30 years old. Should some of the women who defended President Bill Clinton from allegations of sexual misconduct in the '80s and '90s reassess the support they gave him now?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) The literal meaning of this turn is that A failed to protect others, but the actual meaning is that A was only concerned with protecting themselves.","questions":"How did PersonA's concern for protecting themselves affect others?","answer":"Themselves"}
{"text":["This is really speculative. We are not reporting on something we have been told by the White House.","Exactly.","What we're doing is we're trying to imagine a deal that the Senate Republicans could accept, that the Senate Democrats could accept, and that might have a prayer under certain circumstances of passing in the House - either because House Republicans decided they were so embarrassed by what happened a week ago with the failure of Plan B, or because they're feeling the pressure, they're feeling the heat. Or because they're looking at the polls. Or because they've just decided to give in. Or, John Boehner decided he would go with a mix of Republican and Democratic support. Let the whole House vote, not just the Republican majority as he's been doing.","And under those circumstances, this package might pass. OK. Here we go. 500,000, that's the cutoff. That would be the point at which income would be taxed at a higher rate. The 1990s rates, the rates from the Clinton era, would apply to income after a $500,000. Now, that's half of what John Boehner was saying last week."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : feeling the heat implies to experience difficulty ","questions":"Which rates would apply to income after $500,000?","answer":"1990s."}
{"text":["Well, that's good to hear, and I'm sure life is good for a lot of people there. But nevertheless, austerity has cut into many people's lives, and a lot of people would like the economy to start doing a lot better.","It is true. In fact, you brought up a very good point. What happened is the austerity that followed the crisis of 2008 and 2009 - and I'm afraid your country, the United States, knows a lot about that, and it was part - actually, it helped start all that. We did our bit, as well, in Europe, of course. But - people and nations react in different ways. The Greek rioted in their squares. The French took to the streets. The Spaniards sort of sulked(ph) in their unsellable homes. The British swore at their bankers. Italians kept very quiet (unintelligible) Prime Minister Mario Monti. But obviously, something was sort of looming, and it happened. You know, this election, people had enough and say, austerity is not enough.","We've been suffering. And Beppe Grillo actually provided a way and a channel for (unintelligible), which is good. There was no violence at all in Italy, and the people protesting with their votes. I think it's very mature, very wise, in a way. Now it's time for Grillo to use those votes and do something with them.","Other than describing him as a populist, can you describe his politics to us?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Austerity measures caused protests and elections in Europe.","questions":"Which measures caused protests and elections in Europe?","answer":"Austerity"}
{"text":["Yeah. And the police have actually been very open about this, and they've done a number of internal investigations. And they believe if everything had gone absolutely properly and correctly, they could've been there 16 minutes earlier. Part of the problem here, though, because they have taken something some - a fair amount of criticism I thought was unfair, They didn't have a plan for this because why would you?I mean, who sits around and dreams up a plan in a country with a miniscule violent crime rate to expect that someone's going to blow up Central Oslo and then drive out to a youth summer camp on an island and start gunning people down?","I mean, that's not going to rank high in the probability scale. There was a fair amount of distance to cover, and they had a problem with the boat. You know, I spent some time with a police officer named Hakon Hval, who was one of the first to respond. He had worked in that district, the North Buskerud District for, I believe, eight years at that point, and he'd never been to Utoya. There had never been a reason to go to Utoya. But he was driving one of the boats, and he turned to pick up some Delta commandos. And when they all got in the boat, the bow of the boat pushed out on some rocks and was grounded. So to get the bow up, they shuffled to the back and the stern just. . .","Flooded the engine, yes.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The boat had engine trouble and flooded due to a group of Delta commandos shuffling to the back","questions":"What caused the engine to flood?","answer":"Delta"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, I mean, this last week, for instance, (laughter) in the last four days, I went on tour because my husband was going to be traveling. And so I left for the three days when he was gone, had three shows in two days. So I was away from my kids for just the 24 hours. Flew back in this morning. We had lunch all together just now. And then I came over here to be with you guys. So we just do it all as a family.","We count it as an adventure. I'm always talking to my kids about it. You know, this is an adventure. This is such a fun experience. And we use the time together out in the world as an opportunity to explore and an opportunity to teach our children and to allow them to see the nation.","Julianna, why six days?What - how did you come up with that magic number?","I have no idea. And it is not - I don't know. It's not a magic number. It's not like the golden ticket to a perfect marriage. But for us, it was a starting point. It was, all right, we've got to draw the line in the sand somewhere, and a week just felt too long (laughter). And every single spring, we sit down for about four to eight hours with our teams. And we - I get one of those massive calendars. And we literally go through and write down every city that we're going to be in. We write in date nights. We write in family date days. We write in. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Turn (2) has a meaning that is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is using the phrase \"count it as an adventure\" figuratively to mean that they view their travels and time away from home as an exciting experience for the family, rather than just a regular trip.","questions":"Which phrase is used figuratively in the dialogue?","answer":"Count"}
{"text":["Deb, is there any kind of reassessment about what might be possible?The meeting's unprecedented, the atmosphere's been a real roller coaster, but what else?","You know, there's no expectation this is going to be easy. The Syrian war isn't confined to one country. It's a regional war. Two million Syrians are outside the country. More than half the country is displaced. Powerful extremist Islamists are in the north. Shiite militias from Iran, Lebanon and Iraq are fighting on the side of the regime. Some of the most important players are not even at the table. There's going to be lots of bumps. But I think you have to say that the fact that they are sitting down is a beginning, at least to start for a political process, something we have not seen in three years.","Anything that you're looking for, Deb, that you're going to flag?","Well, I think the idea is to keep everybody at the table this week. The most contentious issue, of course, is going to be negotiating a transitional government. And it's possible that that topic will either not be called that this week to keep everybody sitting down, but they're going to have to get to it at some point, and that's what I'll be watching for. When those discussions start, will everybody stay at the table?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) B: Anything that you're looking for, Deb, that you're going to flag? This turn is a direct question asking if there is anything specific that Deb is going to highlight or draw attention to. There is no implied meaning beyond the literal interpretation, so (3) is not the correct option.","questions":"How will Deb be watching for progress during the talks?","answer":"Table"}
{"text":["Because you have eggplant parmesan just in the book.","(Laughter).","You can do that as an antipasto?","Every time someone turns to that page, they're like, this is an appetizer?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Expressing disbelief that people think eggplant parmesan is an appetizer.","questions":"What dish do people mistake for an appetizer?","answer":"Eggplant"}
{"text":["And there are two things I think that are really important to remember. The first is that those people are still held accountable. They still plead guilty to crimes. And they often do prison sentences that are very long - not as long as people who don't cooperate. But they often really do - they really do get punished for that.","The second thing is when you think about the most serious cases the president talks about all the time, like MS-13, you simply couldn't make those cases without cooperators. You need people on the inside because things like gangs are highly secretive organizations. And so you need to understand where drugs are coming from, where money's coming from, how violence is committed and by whom. And so it really is essential. You know, it's an unsavory part of the criminal justice system. But it's a part that becomes very important to get serious crimes prosecuted.","OK.  Anne Milgram, former federal prosecutor and attorney general of New Jersey, now a professor at New York University Law School, thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It is not that is something to be tasted. It is something people don't like to hear about.","questions":"What part of the criminal justice system is important for prosecuting serious crimes?","answer":"cooperators"}
{"text":["We tried for about two and half years. And I had this fear that with every step we took, we would learn something that it would confirm my fear that I couldn't have a baby.","She struggled with anxiety, but eventually she got pregnant through IVF.","Tell me about that moment when you first saw your daughter Hazel for the first time. I mean, how did that feel?","Oh, my gosh. It was - it was incredible. I mean, first of all, I was in labor for 24 hours."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : : \"Tell me about that moment when you first saw your daughter Hazel for the first time. I mean, how did that feel?\"  Implicated meaning: The listener wants to know about the emotional experience of seeing one's child for the first time.","questions":"How did PersonB want PersonA to describe the experience of seeing her daughter for the first time?","answer":"incredible"}
{"text":["That's a really good question. I just want to know that he worked alone, that it was all him. Because there is a lack of official information coming out, that area's just been filled up with conspiracy theories. And, you know, with time, I've come to say, OK. It's just one person who was fully loaded with ammunition. But there's still in the back of my mind - did he really work alone?Did he carry all that stuff up to his room by himself?I feel like there's some more pieces. And they've just really clamped down on it.","What about a week like this when so many people observe the 5th anniversary of the - yeah, of the children who were killed at Sandy Hook?","First time I'm going to cry talking to you. Yesterday was so hard on me, thinking about those beautiful, beautiful children. And I'm a teacher. And thinking about the educators that were killed - it just is such a sad day in our history. And then seeing that it happened at our concert and then seeing what happened in Texas, you know, a couple weeks later - it's just not stopping. And it just affects so many people. And what did we really change?Did we help anyone with mental illness?Did we change anything about gun control or school safety?You know, it's just a really sad brotherhood or sisterhood. But you feel connected because you understand what they went through. And some of them just have such a long road to go.","Yeah. What about your road?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : BELIVE THAT MOST THEM WILL AGREE EVERY SURE","questions":"What is the PersonA's opinion on the agreement of others?","answer":"connected"}
{"text":["And no problems for their ears?","Well, there sometimes are problems for their ears. I mean, whenever you hear a kid screaming their brains out behind you or in front of you on a plane, probably that kid is having air pressure problems. And what happens is that, if they can't pop their ears very well - that is, popping your ears is equalizing the pressure in the middle ear with that in the atmosphere around you, which we mostly do by making those funny little motions with our jaw and swallowing and things like that - little kids often don't know how to do that.","What can happen is that, as the pressure in the plane drops, the pressure in the middle ear remains at sea level, and so the ear drum gets stretched. And ear drums don't like to get stretched. Sometimes they get stretched badly enough so that they can even tear, although that's really quite rare. One of the things that it does lead to is terrible pain sometimes for kids. I always recommend that parents give kids something to drink and sometimes just sort of chewing on a candy increases saliva, so that you swallow, and it allows pressure to equalize.","OK, so for kids who are not healthy, what about them?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In turn (3), the speaker uses the phrase \"the pressure in the plane drops\" to describe the change in air pressure that occurs during a flight. This is an idiomatic expression that means the cabin pressure decreases as the plane gains altitude.","questions":"Which phrase does the speaker use to describe the change in air pressure during a flight?","answer":"Drops"}
{"text":["Delbert Spurlock thinks the troops are paying for decisions made by political leaders. He helped rebuild the Army under President Reagan as the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Manpower and Reserve Affairs. Today, he says the way troops are selected and prepared for service shows the U. S.  Army is broken.","Most importantly, it can no longer recruit and retain the caliber of young men and women who are necessary to carry out the functions which the Army is compelled by our policy-makers to deal with.","The Army itself really is not large enough to take care of the missions integral even to the War in Iraq. We have been forced in this conflict to rely on contract mercenaries, Blackwaters of the world. But our Army, for a century or more, has been, in whole, a moral force for good.","It's a deterrent force, and now it has lost the moral authority gained over a century."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"It's a deterrent force, and now it has lost the moral authority gained over a century\" implies that the U.S. Army has historically been seen as a moral force for good, but that recent actions or decisions have undermined this perception and led to a loss of moral authority.","questions":"Which perception has the U.S. Army lost?","answer":"Authority"}
{"text":["Right.","Or La Scala in Milan. And now you debuted at the Met this fall. What was that like?","It was pretty awesome. And it all didn't really hit me until the curtain came down after the first performance. Because up until then, I was just, you know, trying to rehearse and trying to work, you know, really hard, and make sure that, you know, I was doing everything I needed to do. And even going out on stage the first time, it really didn't hit me, because I was just trying to stay focused. But once the curtain came down and we were doing the curtain calls, and I could actually see out to the house how many people were out there, and, you know, the whole occasion of it all didn't strike me until then. And boy, it was just - it was amazing, because for any young American singer, that's the place you're shooting for, it's the pinnacle of the opera world. And it was great. Just thinking about it sitting here right now, I was just - yeah, I'm just - I'm really grateful to have had that experience.","Yeah, I can only imagine. Well, let's talk a little bit more about the role that you were playing, General Leslie Groves in the opera \"Doctor Atomic\" by John Adams. And it's a modern opera about the countdown to the first test of the atomic bomb in the New Mexico desert during World War II. Let's start out by listening to you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker feels he has reached the height of his professional career by performing in a certain venue","questions":"How does the speaker describe his experience performing at the Met?","answer":"Awesome"}
{"text":["Yes, absolutely. And to all of who are - and even though I don't do it anymore, I mean, it's like really once a clown always a clown. Once you've been a real performing clown you realize you've tapped into something big and universal and eternal. It's a frustration to us because clown, which was a word that used to be associated with joy and laughter and happiness, now has a lot of negative connotations to it. You know, you got characters like Crusty the Clown on \"The Simpsons\" and there are members of Congress.","By the way, isn't it amazing this year I think there's a record number of members of Congress who are retiring at the same time there's a shortage of clowns?What doesn't work here?","I'm reacting almost reflexively with regret and woe over a clown shortage. But I'm wondering, I mean, you know, there are not as many shepherds as there used to be. Is this just - to my knowledge - is this just something we have to. . .","They certainly are in my living room."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In (2), the speaker is using humor to point out the irony of a record number of Congress members retiring at a time when there is a shortage of clowns. The actual meaning is not that there is a real shortage of clowns.","questions":"How is the speaker in (2) reacting to the shortage of clowns?","answer":"Regret"}
{"text":["I stopped the clocks because, A - my contract was running out, and, yes, I am eligible for retirement 'cause I'm 72 now. But the hand-wound ones, they're big cast iron weights. If the weights, when they run out, fell over, it would take three men to reconnect all the wires going through the pulleys and things, so it was on a safety grounds that I stopped them.","Why did you stop both hands at 12?","Well, I stopped them at 12 o'clock because every time I get a clock on my working license, and my father-in-law before me, people seem to think, oh, that clock is at 12 o'clock. And they look at their watch or something, and they'll say, oh, it's stopped. Whereas if I left it at any time, they don't seem to pick it up quick enough.","Well, Mr.  Mitchell, may I ask, are there a lot of other people doing a job like yours or is that number dwindling these days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"I stopped the clocks because [...] so it was on a safety grounds that I stopped them.\" Here, the literal meaning of \"stopped the clocks\" is to prevent them from continuing to measure time. However, the actual meaning is that the clocks were intentionally stopped for safety reasons related to the weight system.","questions":"How did the weights contribute to the stopping of the clocks?","answer":"Safety"}
{"text":["Earlier this week, a man walked free from a court nearly 30 years after he'd been wrongly convicted of a murder. David McCallum was 16 years old when he was sent to prison along with William Stuckey. Both men were convicted of murder in 1986. William Stuckey died in prison, but Mr.  McCallum continued to fight to clear his own name. In January, his lawyer sent a letter to the Brooklyn District Attorney, Kenneth Thompson, who'd just taken office. The DA looked into the case and decided to reopen it. And since then, he's instituted review of a number of cases from the 1980s and '90s. District attorney Kenneth Thompson joins us from our studios in New York. Mr.  Thompson, thanks so much being with us.","Thank you for having me.","What did you see that led you to move to reopen this case?","What I saw was that there was no evidence linking David McCallum or Willie Stuckey to the abduction and to the murder of Nathan Blenner other than their confessions. And their confessions were very short and they contained false-fed facts. That led me and members of my conviction review team to conclude that the confessions were false."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \u201cThe confessions were false\u201d but not \u201cThe confessions were short and contained false-fed facts\u201d which is the literal meaning of the turn.","questions":"Which part of the turn is not the literal meaning?","answer":"confessions"}
{"text":["Whichever direction the U. S.  is going, it's clearly not great news for the Europeans, who Iran is very close to their borders. It's just next door in the Middle East. And we've seen what happens in the Middle East doesn't tend to stay there and has direct consequences for the Europeans. So the Europeans have been trying to urge, sadly, unsuccessfully so far, for the U. S.  side to show a bit more pragmatism and realism about what it's expecting from Iran.","At the same time, you have said that Iran knows all the, quote, \"red buttons. \"Can you talk about what that means and how that can contribute to escalation?","Iran has essentially been living as a neighbor to the United States, if you think about it, for 20 years. Why?Since the invasion of Afghanistan and the invasion of Iraq, which are two big, bordering countries to Iran. . .","Where there is an American troop presence."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The situation with the US and Iran is concerning for Europeans","questions":"How do the Europeans feel about the situation with the US and Iran?","answer":"concerned"}
{"text":["Well, you hit the nail on the head. A lot of the amateur astronomers who are making these observations are just as skilled as many of the very best professional astronomers. And the only difference between the two is sort of the size of the telescopes that they use.","Yeah.","And a big advance in recent years that has allowed amateur astronomers to observe and record these impacts is digital photography and digital video recording. You know, we can make very sensitive digital video recordings of planets now, and we can capture these impacts when they occur.","Mm-hmm. I'm Ira Flatow, and this is SCIENCE FRIDAY, from NPR, talking with Tony Phillips, astronomer and author of Spaceweather. com. If you want to see the impact on our - go to our website at sciencefriday. com. We have the video up there of the impact. It seems - it's pretty big. I mean, we can see that, right?That flash, you said it was - how many megatons of. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : hit the nail on the head implies directly saying the key information or the main gist instead of wasting time ","questions":"How did PersonA describe the difference between amateur and professional astronomers?","answer":"Telescope"}
{"text":["Why does the American Civil Liberties Union defend the rights of Nazis?Membership and donations have boomed since the 2016 election, as the ACLU has taken on a number of high-profile cases challenging Trump administration policies on immigration, deportation and voter suppression. But some supporters of the organization have questioned the ACLU's defense of the free-speech rights of hate groups, especially following their defense of white nationalist rally at Emancipation Park in Charlottesville a couple of weeks ago, when Heather Heyer was killed. A board member of the ACLU's Virginia affiliate resigned, tweeting - what's legal and what's right are sometimes different. I won't be a fig leaf for Nazis.","We're joined now by the national executive director of the ACLU, Anthony Romero. Mr.  Romero, thanks so much for being with us.","It's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you for having me.","Is the ACLU a fig leaf for Nazis?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of \"Is the ACLU a fig leaf for Nazis?\" is to ask if the ACLU is providing cover or protection for Nazis. However, the implied meaning is to ask if the ACLU is endorsing the actions of Nazi groups.","questions":"How does the question \"Is the ACLU a fig leaf for Nazis?\" imply the ACLU's stance towards the actions of Nazi groups?","answer":"Endorsing"}
{"text":["So after the wasp sneaks under, it stings the tarantula. Then what does the wasp do?","Paralysis sets in almost instantaneously. In a second or two the tarantula is completely incapacitated, but still alive. And the tarantula hawk will then drag that tarantula to a burrow. So this could be the tarantula's own burrow. It could be a burrow that the tarantula hawk has dug itself. And it'll drag the tarantula down in there and place the tarantula upside down and it'll lay a single egg on the body of the tarantula. In a few days, that egg will hatch and the larvae will begin to feed on the living tarantula.","And the spider is still paralyzed.","That's right. So interestingly enough, if the egg doesn't hatch, the tarantula can actually recover and go on its way. But more often that larvae will hatch and eat its way into the living but still paralyzed tarantula, and it'll feed on that tarantula for several weeks. And at least some species will selectively feed on non-vital organs first to keep the tarantula alive longer."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The entire passage describing the tarantula hawk's attack on the tarantula and the subsequent feeding of the larvae on the paralyzed tarantula is figurative in its meaning, as it describes a complex biological process using metaphors and analogies.","questions":"What is the passage describing?","answer":"Process"}
{"text":["What do you think, though, the message is to other countries like China and Russia right now?I mean, we have important talks on the horizon with North Korea. We are in between secretaries of state. We don't even have an ambassador, for example, to South Korea. Ivanka Trump is now doing some of the South Korean diplomacy. What state is our diplomacy in right now?","Well, you know, whenever you file - change a secretary of state, it is disruptive because Rex Tillerson had a year to develop relations with his counterparts and heads of state and government. And that's now been disrupted. On the other hand, the question foreigners always ask is, does the secretary of state speak for the president?And there were questions raised about that because of some of the things President Trump is reported to have said about Rex Tillerson. I think the good news is that by designating Mike Pompeo and expressing confidence in him, I think it will reassure foreign leaders that when Mike Pompeo is secretary, he indeed will be speaking for the president. That's a plus.","Former national security adviser Stephen Hadley, thank you so very much for joining us.","Nice to be with you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The United States is in a weak diplomatic state.","questions":"Which country's diplomacy is discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"UnitedStates"}
{"text":["Here's a novel idea for how to fix the auto industry, nationalize it, or at least nationalize the biggest American carmaker, GM. That's Los Angeles Times car columnist Dan Neil's idea. And, Dan, you mean basically just stop fooling around with bridge loans or anything like that and just outright buy GM?","Yeah, I don't see that the federal money that they're talking about really will save GM. I also think that, you know, we should just be intellectually honest about this. If this money, federal money, is going to come with all these conditions, including the idea that Congress is going to weigh in and adjudicate their future business plans, I mean, its nationalization. Just call it that and embrace it and move on.","What would be the advantages to owning GM?","It'd be cheaper than a loan that we'd never get back. Also, General Motors is a very, very strong company with, you know, something like $50 billion in real assets. And it's done a lot of the work to turn itself around. That's one of the ironies is that it was turning the giant ocean liner around when it happened to hit an iceberg, which was the credit crisis and some other problems that have made their chronic liabilities acute. But I think General Motors is a good investment."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Nationalizing the auto industry, or at least GM, is a better solution than bridge loans or other options.","questions":"What is Dan Neil's idea for how to fix the auto industry?","answer":"Nationalize"}
{"text":["And then there's the hurricane season that starts in the Atlantic tomorrow.","Yeah. And of course, hurricanes are changing as the Earth warms. This is sort of the classic, archetypal climate-affected weather system. They're getting larger and wetter. They're dropping more rain. Think Hurricane Harvey in Texas in 2017. Think Hurricane Florence in the Carolinas last year. This year, the Weather Service predicts a normal year. I'm putting that in scare quotes. That means two to four major hurricanes. But it only takes one of those hitting the U. S.  to do a lot of damage, so it all adds up to just an enormous amount of flood danger for a lot of Americans.","That's NPR science reporter Rebecca Hersher. Becky, thank you.","Thanks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Hurricanes are becoming more dangerous due to climate change","questions":"Which weather system is becoming more dangerous due to climate change?","answer":"hurricanes"}
{"text":["Yeah. I think a big local newspaper, you know, was kind of like the big local sports team. There's always been hostility toward the big, local paper but I think there was a certain amount of pride in it. And this is our paper. We are a big-time city. I think the Herald spoke more for the community and reflected the community better than any other institution down here could. And now there is no institution to replace that, unless, you know, you talk about sports team or something like that. And I think that's true of many, many cities now.","We talk so much about newspapers. Is journalism going to survive?Has that become DIY?Is this an opportunity for novelists to step in?","You know, novelists have been trying to step in for hundreds of years. And I think the same forces that are sort of working against newspapers probably are also working, to some extent, against books. I just, I don't know. It just feels like everything happens so fast now and everybody, you know, goes on to the next subject so quickly now. Books seem a little archaic, except as entertainment and, you know, as an escape from policy and that sort of thing.","Dave Barry. His new novel, \"Insane City. \"Speaking with us, of course, from Miami. Dave, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In turn (1), the speaker implies that the big local newspaper was a point of pride and reflection for the community, despite the hostility towards it.","questions":"Which Miami-based author was mentioned at the end of the conversation?","answer":"Dave"}
{"text":["And this doesn't seem to fit the typical counterfeiter.","No, not at all. You know, most counterfeiters are either drug addicts who are eager to raise a quick buck and there. After a few nights without sleep, they get the bright idea to bleach some $5 bills and scan the image of a 20 and then print the artwork, the imagery of the 20 on that same $5 bank note paper. Then on the other end of the spectrum, you have sort of mobsters and thugs, people who are involved in the drug trade or human trafficking, and they are really keen on mass production and, again, a fairly poor quality counterfeit.","Then there is this small group of true craftspeople out there, and a lot of them are really poor when it comes to criminal capabilities, but they are true artists. And, in that sense, Kuhl is right near the top of the heap, as far as talented counterfeiters through history.","Your story details, in fact, two different efforts. The first - well, he found himself in some financial difficulties and spent six months adapting his silkscreen techniques to producing a $100 bill."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Then there is this small group of true craftspeople out there, and a lot of them are really poor when it comes to criminal capabilities, but they are true artists. And, in that sense, Kuhl is right near the top of the heap, as far as talented counterfeiters through history.","questions":"Which counterfeiter is considered one of the top talented counterfeiters in history?","answer":"Kuhl"}
{"text":["Because they believe what the United States has done violates its WTO obligations. The United States promised, as part of a series of tariff negotiations, to limit its tariffs on steel to 0 percent duties and to limit its tariffs on aluminum to somewhere between 0 and 6 percent on average. And secondly, they're complaining because one of the other rules of the WTO is that you cannot discriminate as among WTO members. And, here, the United States is applying the steel and aluminum tariffs to some countries but not to Korea, not to Brazil, not to Australia, not to Argentina. So the other complaint is, at its core, that there's been discrimination against the EU, Canada Mexico and the other countries that are subjected to the tariffs.","Could this dispute turn into something more serious, depending on what the WTO rules?","Well, if it ruled, it would hear this complaint and figure out whether they agree or don't agree with the European Union or Canada or any of the challenges. And I think the chances that the WTO will decide against the United States are very, very strong. I mean, it's a very clear case of a violation. What will get tricky for the WTO is, what are they going to do about the defense that the United States intends to raise?","So that defense is national security, apparently?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : None . There's nothing in this that implies anything.","questions":"Which country is not subjected to the steel and aluminum tariffs according to turn 0?","answer":"Korea"}
{"text":["No problem.","Aren't the British the original soccer hooligans?","Yeah, exactly. And the Russian fans rioting in France right now, for them the inspiration was the English football hooligan scene of the 1970s, '80s and '90s even. They see England as a spiritual home of football hooliganism, as it were.","How does football hooliganism wind up being a source of inspiration?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 4) \"How does football hooliganism wind up being a source of inspiration?\"  The literal meaning of this turn is simply asking how football hooliganism can be a source of inspiration. However, the implied meaning is that the speaker is expressing disbelief or confusion about how something as negative as football hooliganism could inspire others. The question implies that the speaker does not understand how people could find inspiration in such behavior, and perhaps even disapproves of it.","questions":"How does turn 3 imply the PersonA's attitude towards football hooliganism?","answer":"Disbelief"}
{"text":["That President Obama looked at what a no-fly zone could do and realized it would not do enough. He needed to authorize that aircraft could strike ground targets as well.","Yeah. I mean, I think, you know, almost all of these things, once you start, there is significant pressure for it to escalate. So when, you know, another example, when Bill Clinton starts NATO air strikes in Serbia, in the Kosovo War in 1999 to protect Kosovar Albanians who were being massacred by Serbian nationalists, then the Clinton administration starts out doing air strikes and then comes under lots and lots of pressure to say air strikes aren't enough, air strikes are not really saving civilian populations on the ground. You need to do more.","So I think, you know, I think when the Obama administration looks at this, then there's a debate about - on the one hand, you could say - and it's not that the Obama administration is considering troops on the ground because they're definitely not. But if you're arming the rebels in Syria, does that create more pressure for you to support them or does it mean that the rebels can stand on their own two feet, which means less pressure on the Obama administration to get involved?","Well, you're talking about the law of unintended consequences. If you're supporting them and recognize them and they start to lose, what do you do then?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Military interventions often escalate beyond their original scope.","questions":"What is the risk of military interventions?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["The videos of the embryos. He does sort of time lapse of human development, and it was really fascinating to watch, going from this sort of little hard to, you know, nondescript ball to what you would recognize. . .","As an embryo.",". . . as an embryo or a fetus.","This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow talking with Flora Lichtman about our Video Pick of the Week, and it's a - videos of embryos, all different kinds of embryos. So you got the film, the footage. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This is a figurative expression that describes the appearance of an early-stage embryo.","questions":"What is the appearance of an early-stage embryo described as?","answer":"Race"}
{"text":["It's correlated with overt racism, but it's very different, and the difference is that people are unaware of this. They don't want it, very often. They certainly don't endorse it, and it's what clinical psychologists or psychiatrists call a dissociation. It's like two separate things in the head, one egalitarian and open, the other biased.","All right, Dr.  Greenwald, thank you very much.","Thank you, Ira.","Tony Greenwald, psychologist, professor of psychology at the University of Washington. We're going to take a break, and afterwards we're going to come back and ask the candidates in a science debate - what would you ask them about science?Stay with us. We'll be right back. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The unconscious bias against certain groups of people can be a hidden problem that people are not aware of, yet still have an effect on their behavior and attitudes.","questions":"What do clinical psychologists or psychiatrists call the phenomenon where there are two separate things in the head, one egalitarian and open, the other biased?","answer":"Dissociation"}
{"text":["Story's still unfolding, we understand. What are you hearing?","Well, the evidence is that the Islamic State is behind this. In addition to French President Francois Hollande saying that the attacks were the work of ISIS, the group itself claimed responsibility in an online statement a short time ago. And they say the attacks were a response to French airstrikes in Syria and that France would remain, in their words, a top target as long as it continued its current policies.","This has been independently confirmed by intelligence officials you've been able to talk to.","Well, my understanding is that officials first started to suspect ISIS was behind this late last night. There were some cellphone conversations or texts that the gunmen were exchanging while the attacks were going on. And they mentioned ISIS. And here's why that's important. You remember the Mumbai attacks in 2008 that were - those were attacks on hotels and Jewish centers and a railway station. Well, one of the ways that they traced it back to the perpetrators was by picking up phone conversations between the gunmen and their handlers in Pakistan. The information is still coming in, but it appears that something similar happened here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4): The implication is that the authorities were able to trace the perpetrators of the attacks by looking at cellphone conversations or texts.","questions":"Which method did the authorities use to trace the perpetrators of the attacks?","answer":"Unfolding"}
{"text":["And then we figured out how to pull aluminum out of its oxides, and now we use it everywhere. And platinum group metals are no different. They're very useful in electronics, microprocessors, medical devices, you name it, catalytic converters, renewable energy. And I would love to see a day - whenever that may be - when the platinum group metals are 100 times cheaper than they are now.","I'm reminded of a \"Twilight Zone\" adventure where they learned how to make gold and it was worthless. That's another story, but take us through the steps for your plan stage. Where do we go from here, and what are the steps?","Well, it's a three-phase plan. First of all, we have a technology road map that we've developed that lists every bit and every piece of technology that we need in order to go and extract resources from asteroids. We have some of that technology today and others we need to develop. And so we're slowly but surely piecing together, pulling together all the different pieces of technology that we need to have. Number two, we're going to do asteroid prospecting. And so this means that, first, we're going to develop a series of Arkyd 100 spacecraft to go into low Earth orbit and study the nearest asteroids and make sure that we've found, you know, lots of the other interesting ones that are not yet found and look closer at the ones that we do know of.","And number three?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn in (2) is a figurative expression and its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. ","questions":"What is the actual meaning of the figurative expression used in turn 2?","answer":"Different"}
{"text":["Absolutely. This is a distinction that we don't want, in terms of being first in the nation in the ratio of African-Americans in prison. And it's my goal as the new governor to take this head-on and address it. And we have taken a number of important steps to trying to figure out the root cause. And as long as I'm governor, we will continue to make that a high priority.","Why is it important for you to put this issue front and center?","Well, historically, Iowa has actually been a leader on the issue of civil rights. In fact, we were one of the very first states to assure African-Americans the right to vote. So we - despite this distinction that we have right now - historically, we've been very progressive. And it's my hope that we can address this challenge and get back to leading the way in terms of opportunity and fairness and equality for all of our citizens.","What are you seeing in Iowa in terms of patterns within this pattern?Meaning, are there certain crimes that are more likely to show evidence of disparity between who's convicted than others?Are - what are the hot spots for you within this issue that you are addressing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Iowa's current distinction in the ratio of African-Americans in prison is a problem that needs to be addressed","questions":"Which distinction is Iowa facing that the new governor wants to address?","answer":"African-Americans"}
{"text":["An so he went from - on Sunday on his Facebook page saying, well, I misspoke. I got the wording wrong, which is something he repeated again today.","Yeah. Well, that plus. He's gotten just increasingly - because as the pressure has mounted - and it's been fascinating to watch the responses from the congressmen, from the Republican Party, from Governor Romney and his running mate. As the public outrage on this has mounted, their apologies have become increasingly full-throated so that, as you mentioned, the congressman started out with I misspoke, like that's a little bit of a bizarre concept. Misspeak is when you accidentally picked the wrong word or say President Clinton when you meant President Obama. This was not misspeaking. As I wrote, this was mis-thinking.","And then similarly, you saw Governor Romney. His campaign several hours after this broke managed to choke out a press release comment saying that the governor and Congressman Ryan disagree with this view. And by morning, disagreement had become finding it offensive and unacceptable. So it's sort of a classic political story of how candidates follow the public polls.","And his colleagues - his would-be colleagues in the United States Senate, basically, as you said, throwing him under the bus."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : very enjoy am very nice feel very enjoy am very nice feel","questions":"How did the congressman's apology evolve?","answer":"Full-throated"}
{"text":["So, you know, Emily, when your sister is in and out of the hospital, and you're bringing her books, you talk about teaching her about emotions. Can you just give an example of what you mean by that?Like, what is a conversation you had to have with your sister?","Well, it mostly happened, like, your emotions are biological events that happen in your body. It's physiological, real. Emotions are not just in your head. They are all over your body, in your chemistry. So she's reading these books, and she sees the word rage on the page and spontaneously bursts into sobs. And she calls me on the phone, and is like, your book here says that feelings are physical.","I was like, you're a choral conductor who expresses emotion through your body. You practice yoga. And she still, sort of, had not put it together that just because you've dealt with the stressors, that doesn't mean that you've dealt with the physical event of the stress in your body.","One of the lessons in your book is about completing the stress cycle. I loved this analogy of yours, this idea of a lion. Explain the concept of completing the stress cycle through the lion, Emily."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Emotions are not just a mental state but have a physical aspect to them.","questions":"What is the nature of emotions according to Emily?","answer":"Nature"}
{"text":["But instead the executives went in with the don't-tell-us-what-to-do approach, and they overplayed their hand. And this has happened before in the EU with the massive privacy law and billion-dollar fines. It's clear Europe is giving big tech a smackdown. And Google, whose motto used to be, don't be evil, might consider a new motto - play nice.","So what do these new rules mean for, say, artists, for creators?How helpful is all of this to them?","Well, there could be a fascinating rift here. Last summer, Sir Paul McCartney from the Beatles - OK?- he wrote an open letter to the European Parliament. He said, music and culture matter. They don't just happen. The companies exploit artists' work. And he wanted the law overhauled. But he's a big-time artist with lawyers who can produce copyright documents - right?- and negotiate agreements with Google.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is subtly trying to convey a sense of urgency or importance in the matter being discussed, without explicitly stating it.","questions":"How would you describe the tone of the speaker in turn 3?","answer":"Urgency"}
{"text":["So things like Hillary Clinton's speeches - the Goldman Sachs speeches - I think those do pass the public interest test. Even given the importance of those few newsworthy items, if you ask me, is the dumping of this much private information and this much internal conversation - the damage this does to our political system - is it worth a few news items if I had a binary choice - all of it or none of it?","I would say we haven't gained that much. But the ideal wouldn't be that binary choice. The ideal would be that such leaks and hacks would go to responsible journalists who would go through this and would identify what is actually in the public interest.","But these - this day and age - wouldn't people say the news organization is concealing information - that they want the chance to look at the original documents and decide for themselves?","I think, in this day and age, we really need to figure out when to hold back. In the past, news was driven by scarcity. There wasn't enough news. And you sent around journalists. And you said, let's find out what's going on."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implication of this turn is that people want to be able to look at the original documents and decide for themselves what is relevant and important, instead of relying on a news organization to make that determination.","questions":"Which turn implies that people want to review original documents to make relevant determinations themselves?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["There isn't. And I think the interesting thing about this government is they have cut the Argentine military budget so severely in the last few years that even if Argentina wanted to invade the Falklands, they would be incapable of doing so. So that's one good thing.","So what does this campaign amount to then besides words?","Well, they're trying to put economic pressure on Britain. And I think actually the British are a little bit worried about it. They are stopping cruise ships that come from the Falklands, not allowing them to dock in Argentina. They are pressuring the Chileans to cut off the one air link between Chile and the Falkland Islands. They are calling on Argentine manufacturers to cut down on the import of British goods. And I think the worry is that they will make this into a regional campaign, that they will try and persuade the Brazilians, the Peruvians and others to start putting economic pressure on Britain as well.","And the rallying cry of anti-colonialism has a lot of residents in South America."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that there is strong support for anti-colonialism in South America. The literal meaning of the words \"rallying cry\" is a call to action, usually in a military or political context, but in this context, it is used metaphorically to describe the support for anti-colonialism.","questions":"What does the turn \"rallying cry\" refer to?","answer":"Anti-colonialism"}
{"text":["Both the trains slowed. I was standing there with my bag over my shoulder, ready to jump. It was windy. It was cold. It was kind of getting dark. And so they finally lined up the cars correctly, and I was told to run across the loose rocks and jump on to the other train.","The conductor on the other train pulled me on to that car. Once I was onboard, another conductor came through the car, and she said to me, don't get up when we get to Milwaukee. What I heard from her was don't get up, or I will kill you. I did not move the rest of the trip.","So I get to Saint Paul. I'm looking for my brother. He's late. So he gets there, and I ask him, why were you late?And he says, well, I checked the train schedule, and it said it was running behind. Oh, that was because of me.","A travel nightmare with a happy ending from Anne Fleury in Milwaukee. Send us your stories, please. Go to weekendeditionsaturday@npr. org. Click on contact. Put Travel Nightmare at the top of your message."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The situation was dangerous and Anne was scared.","questions":"What did the conductor say to Anne when they arrived in Milwaukee?","answer":"Don't"}
{"text":["I want to ask you how important you think flavors are. Yesterday, the Trump administration announced that it would ban thousands of flavors used in e-cigarettes. How much of a difference do you think that would make in discouraging kids from vaping?","They're tackling it backwards. At the end of the day, put in age verification because otherwise, every teenager would be drinking beer and going to the liquor store four, five times a day. Put in age verification. Make sure - and keep those companies - and hold them accountable. But if you put in age verification as an adult product, that is all you need to do.","So how much business do you stand to lose once this ban on thousands of flavors goes into effect?","That remains to be seen. I don't know. And I don't think it will go into effect. I think, at the end of the day, cooler heads will prevail because what's going to happen is you have to have the understanding and the knowledge and have all the information available to you prior to making such a drastic statement and doing something that will ultimately drive most people back to cigarettes."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : No one is getting tackled. The people are trying to solve the problem the wrong way.","questions":"How are the people trying to solve the problem?","answer":"Wrong."}
{"text":["Governor Mike Pence endorsed Ted Cruz yesterday in Indianapolis, although he also had kind words for Donald Trump. Mr.  Trump has also been endorsed by perhaps the best-known Hoosier on the planet. Forgive me Cole Porter. We mean Bobby Knight, the legendary Indiana University basketball coach. Coach Knight is celebrated for winning national championships, running an honest program and holding his players to high academic standards. He's also famous for having a titanic, chair-hurling temper. He is not known for political endorsements or being involved in campaigns.","I think that I'm like millions of Americans today that would like to see some things done that take us back to where we want to be, where we can really be proud of America, we have leadership that enables us to do that. I think I'm just one of millions of people. I'm not out there by myself. I just want to see us be the very best that we can possibly be and be thought of worldwide by the very best there is.","What did you hear Donald Trump say that convinced you you wanted to help him?","Well, Donald Trump didn't say anything that convinced me 'cause I went through people and people that were involved and least - involved themselves in the election. I made a little chart. I put together the things that he's done in life. And Donald Trump has created more jobs than all of the other candidates and politicians in the country. That's huge. That's important. That was a big thing for me to put down on my checklist."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning for turn (3): The questioner assumes that the speaker decided to support Donald Trump based on something he said, but the speaker clarifies that his decision was based on Trump's track record of job creation, as well as input from other people involved in the election.","questions":"What was the deciding factor for the speaker to support Donald Trump?","answer":"Jobs"}
{"text":["No, wow.","Well, all right. So, let's get to your best political conversation of the week.","You know, it's about John McCain. Everybody in town just watched as McCain came back, and it was very low key. And not only was it at low key; there was a sense of, you know, sadness about it. There he was; suddenly Joe Lieberman's over arguing with the Democrats and trying to get back in with the Democrats and retain his position, in terms of a leader on the Democratic side, no longer hanging around with John McCain. The right wing of the Republican Party never wanted much to do with John McCain, and so they're not rallying to him; they're not offering him any leadership position. So, John McCain is kind of out there on his own, and everybody is saying, you know, what's to come of John McCain?And the answer is, you know, John McCain will try to be his own man, but the fact is he's a man really without a country in the U. S.  Senate at this moment.","NPR news analyst Juan Williams, always a pleasure."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : John McCain is facing political isolation and uncertainty in the Senate","questions":"How is John McCain's political position in the Senate?","answer":"Isolation"}
{"text":["So tell us what happened on the site last week.","Well I mean, what the culmination of a week of DDoS attacks, you know, it started off on Monday with DDoS attacks. And basically what that means is. . .","Please, go ahead. I was about to ask you what that meant.","Yeah. What happens is, you know, basically they send out little robots. They put robots on computers across the country, which make requests your website, which essentially brings your website down because of an overload of requests. So a DDoS stands for denial of service. And they do that by basically clogging up your arteries, basically, with actual requests from robots that are not regular people, and overwhelming your server."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This statement implies that the attack are intentionally used to disrupting a website's availability and causing damage to computer systems or networks. which is a cyber offense.","questions":"What type of attack is a DDoS?","answer":"Cyber"}
{"text":["I don't even want to repeat them. They were so unfair. They were essentially stigmatizing him, someone that we consider very naturally for good reasons as to be highly, highly unacceptable such as anti-Semitism. And I think the arguments that were made by some of the people who attacked him were essentially based on that. That was really scandalous. And I'm pleased to see that the majority of the Jewish community, which is moderate and decent, doesn't identify itself with this.","Nevertheless, there are legitimate questions to be asked, and you raised several of them yourself, about, well, how they should think about the possibility of a strike on Iran. I have to say, in recent weeks, the alarm bells have quieted a bit. You quoted, though, some in the Israeli media as quoting a former national security council member of the Obama team, saying there could be an American strike on Iran by the middle of this year.","That's correct. There has been talk to that effect. And I suspect, and rather expect, that these issues will come up in the course of the discussion. But in any case, the people that he's choosing to serve him are people with the experience, with a strategic perspective. But ultimately, he, the president, will be the decision-maker.","So I don't think that one has to expect that everyone chosen by him has to agree in every respect with every single aspect of the past policies that we have had, that he wants people who can think independently and give an independent advice, which he will then accept or reject, as president - as commander in chief."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Arguments that were made by some of the people who attacked him - attacked does not mean physically attacked. It means hurt with words. ","questions":"What was the reason behind the stigmatization of someone by some people?","answer":"Anti-Semitism"}
{"text":["Oh, she did, and in such an interesting time. In the '70s, even before Betty Ford had famously stepped forward and talked about her struggles, Joan was convening people who were early thinkers in how to treat people differently. You know, AA had been around, of course, for decades. But there was a movement in the '70s to get people to look at the whole person with alcoholism. And Joan was really passionate about getting the word out.","Yeah. With Ray's death, Joan Kroc became one of the principal philanthropists in America. And she really took that responsibility seriously, didn't she?","She lived large, and she gave large. She felt this almost-burden with the money that she had. And saying she hit the lotto isn't really fair. But - she had this money at her disposal, and she felt obligated to use it in a constructive way. But that's not to say she was ascetic or like a monk. She lived very, very lavishly as well.","Yeah, she'd drip with jewels. She went to nice places. She. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : After Ray's death, Joan Kroc became one of the main donors in America and she took her responsibility seriously.","questions":"Which responsibility did Joan Kroc take seriously?","answer":"Responsibility"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","Did that work for you?","Yeah. I mean, because it's similar to what the TV show does. They tease some things. Some things get a few seconds. Some things are the main themes. And I felt that they really focused on two main lines here. I think, for me, they were the two main themes of this one. One is that downstairs, it turns out that the royals come with their own servants. And their own servants are very snooty. They're snootier than the king and queen. . . .","Yeah.",". . . As it turns out. And upstairs, the Dowager countess, Maggie Smith - no one else - is dealing with succession issues and who's going to run things in the future. And that also becomes an interesting plot. So those are the two main ones for me. But there's all kinds of other ones that are kind of peeking in around the edges.","I didn't think Maggie Smith could shine any more than she does in the television series, but she really did."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : They don't think Maggie Smith could look any better or do her job any better than on television.","questions":"How does PersonB feel about Maggie Smith's performance in the movie?","answer":"Praise"}
{"text":["And in talking to Smith, he's really thought a lot about what - why we have such a strong reaction to looking at embryos, and he's found this firsthand. I mean, and he gets emails all the time and sort of unpacks these questions, like, you know, is it - when you look at these pictures, does it strike you as more human or less human than you would have imagined, he asks. This is what he asked audience when he shows them. What is your experience with seeing these pictures in the past?You know, he said imagine 300 or 400 years ago, would - how would people imagine what an embryo is?This is a technologically. . .","Yeah. Yeah.",". . .  mediated experience.","And not only that, he's taken the technology faster - further, as you show. He's done MRIs, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In this context, \"Yeah. Yeah.\" is not meant to indicate agreement or affirmation, but rather a sign of impatience or boredom, suggesting that B is not particularly interested in the conversation or does not want to continue discussing the topic.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of PersonB's response \"Yeah. Yeah.\"?","answer":"Impatience"}
{"text":["In the end, has the IMF been a force for good?What has it done that might otherwise not have been done?","You know, I think the comparison is with what happened in the '20s and '30s - that was a world in which we did not have a international lender of last resort. And it was a world in which countries went bankrupt. There was a massive retreat from globalization, countries lost confidence in the way the international financial system worked. And I think the proof of how valuable the IMF has been is the onward march of globalization.","But you're aware of the fact that when the IMF meets, there are going to be protesters outside who are saying that globalization is the problem.","Yeah and I think they're mistaken. They are objecting to some of the cultural consequences of globalization. But I don't think anyone can object to an institution that's committed to preventing people from going under."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  A: \"lender of last resort\" refers to a central bank or other institution that provides emergency funding to financial institutions or other entities in the event of a crisis. In this context, the IMF has been serving as a lender of last resort to countries facing financial difficulties, even if it is not a traditional central bank.","questions":"How has the IMF acted as a lender of last resort?","answer":"Countries"}
{"text":["The Supreme Court heard arguments this morning on SB 1070, the Arizona immigration law, which passed in 2010. The most controversial part of the legislation requires local law enforcement to check the immigration status of people they suspect of being in the United States illegally. The central question before the justices is the extent of the federal government's authority over immigration law. A decision's expected this summer and, like the decision on the health care law, could play a role in the presidential election.","David Savage, Supreme Court correspondent for The Los Angeles Times and The Chicago Tribune, joins us now by phone from his office here in Washington. David, always nice to have you with us.","Hi, Neal.","And today might - the justices - obviously, this it their last day of arguments this term, not a low-profile case."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be hinting at something indirectly and expects the listener to understand the intended message.","questions":"How did the speaker convey their message?","answer":"Indirectly"}
{"text":["Well, for the pilot test, for example, if we want to have a continuous ring, we don't actually have them uniformly distributed around the globe. For example we don't need the same density over the middle of the Pacific Ocean as we do over Christ Church itself. But by steering them and planning, you can have them appear in the right density in the sky over the places that need coverage.","And where - would those - those are under-covered places around the world. Where are the prime places for that?","There's lots of places. In the Southern Hemisphere alone, two-thirds of the countries, the cost of Internet access is higher than the average monthly income for people in those countries. Even in China and India, there's over a billion people that don't have good Internet coverage. So I think there's lots of places around the world where there's sort of remote and rural areas that don't have coverage, or it's unaffordable.","So would you have to keep relaunching new balloons as these go down just to keep that ring going?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is not a test for pilots but a trial, first test to see how the system works.","questions":"What was the purpose of the pilot test?","answer":"Trial"}
{"text":["So, if you wanted that kind of information, you certainly could have got it. And we know also that news delivery by old media in those days was much better than it is now. We're used to thinking of newspapers as I think, relatively poky. In those days, newspapers being sort of high-tech, there were lots of more them.","They came more often during the day. They were quite cheap, and there are some relatively reliable studies that show that the average urban-dwelling American probably had read two papers a day.","I wonder about this, how did people in the Great Depression think about the Great Depression especially in the early days, because they didn't have the Great Depression to hearken back to that their parents or grandparents had told them about?","Yeah, well, this is an excellent question. First of all, the thing that they looked back to if they wanted to think back to a time of real hardship, it would have been the depression of the early 1890s, which was about as close to them as the depression is to us, but closer actually. So, in the 1890s, you had upwards of 20 percent unemployment."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Reading two papers a day was common among urban Americans.","questions":"Which information was common among urban Americans?","answer":"newspapers"}
{"text":["Jon Foley, director of the Institute on the Environment at the University of Minnesota. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And this email from Mark in Burnsville, Minnesota: Is there a middle ground?Either you believe in evidence-based science or you don't. Some people seem unwilling or unable to accept facts that confront their belief systems and would rather live in a world that matches their internal security beliefs than deal with reality.","And I don't think, Jon Foley, you disagree with him on the science, but you disagree with him on the approach.","Well, I absolutely agree with him on evidence-based reality. I absolutely cannot - we - and never should have concede that. I'm a scientist, and I absolutely support the, you know, evidence-based view. That is one place where I will not back down on an issue at all. But I think it's really more of what we do about it and how we frame these conversations. So, you know, I will always stand by the idea that, yes, climate is changing. We are the cause of this. That is what the science is saying. That is absolutely true. We're not backing down from that at all."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Some people prioritize their internal beliefs over scientific facts","questions":"How do some people prioritize their beliefs?","answer":"Beliefs"}
{"text":["It's been an exciting year for developments in space. Just earlier this week, SpaceX successfully landed a 15-story tall section of one of their rockets back on Earth. And joining me to discuss what's been going on off our planet during 2015 is NPR science correspondent Geoff Brumfiel. So explain exactly what happened that a part of the rocket returned.","In some sense, this was just another rocket launch for SpaceX. You know, they sent 11 communication satellites into orbit. What really makes this special is what happened to the big first stage of the rocket. Now, normally this would just fall back to Earth. But this time, SpaceX flipped it around and then flew it back to near the launch site and actually landed it. They fired the engines a second time and it sort of floated down onto the pad. It was pretty spectacular to watch.","The space pad looks big when you're looking at it on the Earth. But from space, it must be a tiny dot.","Yeah, I mean SpaceX describes it as trying to shoot a pencil over the Empire State Building, have it turn around and land in a shoebox vertically. That's how hard this is."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - \"Shoot a pencil over the Empire State Building, have it turn around and land in a shoebox vertically\" - This phrase is used to illustrate how difficult the task of landing a rocket is, as it would be almost impossible to do so in reality.","questions":"What does SpaceX describe the task of landing a rocket as?","answer":"Impossible"}
{"text":["Right, I mean, this is going to be the very difficult point that they're going to have to get together with his younger brother and figure that out. I mean, this looks much more like it's going to be something about Islamic radicalization, as opposed to Chechen - sort of nationalism.","And I think when this first happened, we've never had Chechens do this in this country, so everybody assumes it has to do with that. What will be interesting is to see if he was radicalized on the Internet, if he was radicalized during trips to Russia - the older brother did travel to Russia reasonably often; the younger brother didn't - and how that evolution came about.","We will want to know if there were contacts there. The Russians - have they been helpful, in the past?Are they likely to be helpful, in this case?","It's unclear. I would suspect that they're likely to be helpful in this case because they've been making a case that Chechens are very dangerous, and that's why they do what they do in Chechnya. But it's. . .","Which is a very hard line of - some would say brutal repression."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Russians might be helpful in this case due to their stance on Chechens being dangerous, although it's not certain","questions":"What is unclear about the Russian's potential helpfulness in this case?","answer":"nice"}
{"text":["From what we can tell, they've donated from - I think it was over a hundred countries in terms of geography. It just sort of struck a nerve across the world.","Why do you think that is?","I think a big part of it was that Tesla as a man is sort of someone that a lot of people, maybe, sympathized with because he's kind of a geek at heart. He's sort of this unsung hero, and he did all of these wonderful things for us and didn't really get much credit during his career. So with this sort of crowd funding campaign, it was almost an opportunity for the world to make it up to him.","What drew you to getting involved?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Tesla is an underappreciated hero and people sympathize with him through the crowdfunding campaign","questions":"How was Tesla perceived by people during the crowdfunding campaign?","answer":"Underappreciated"}
{"text":["The president of the United States, the leader of the free world, who's the person who is in a best position of any human being on the planet to help Baltimoreans who need help, instead of doing so is using his office to beat down an American city.","NPR White House correspondent Franco Ordo\u00f1ez is following the story. He's in our studios. Good morning.","FRANCO ORDO\u00d1EZ, BYLINE: Good morning.","So the president grabs attention. Everybody takes the bait. But why does he do it now?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : take the bait means someone was tricked into something","questions":"How does the statement define \"take the bait\"?","answer":"Tricked"}
{"text":["Her father liked the electronic things, which were behind locked cabinets. But she grabbed a slick stereo magazine and managed to slip into one of her boots. It would be a way to warm him for taking the bus by herself. By now she was thirsty and rounded a corner to open a fridge and grab an iced tea in a bottle that felt so good in her hands. It was One Universe Green Tea, which the label said was good for the immune system and for Octavia's skin. No one had stopped her. No one had spoken to her. It was smooth sailing. All for one and one for all.","So is there a straight line from that to piracy or just adolescence?","(Laughter). You think shoplifting is the gateway drug that eventually leads people to board other people's ships?It could be. I think the fantasy of wanting things and wanting to evade the law is certainly something that shoplifters and pirates, in this case, have in common.","I have to ask this, Mr.  Handler. This is the first chance we've had to speak with you since you emceed the National Book Awards in November and made a watermelon joke. Did I say state that incorrectly?I didn't want to tell the whole joke, but if you want to. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"made a watermelon joke\" - This turn is a figurative expression that means he told a joke that was racially insensitive or inappropriate, rather than a literal joke about watermelons.","questions":"What was the content of Mr. Handler's joke?","answer":"Watermelon"}
{"text":["Professor Ferguson, what about those Americans - and I daresay - according to polls, they number into quite a large amount who feel, if I might boil it down this way, the United States doesn't need a strategy because it has no business doing anything?That this is a tragic human situation, but it does not involve the national security interest of the United States.","The reality is that allowing Islamic State to become an authentic state is very dangerous indeed for the United States because this is an organization more dangerous than al-Qaida and has the potential, unlike al-Qaida, to become a really major political force if we allow Islamic State to become more state-like. I think ultimately the United States will regret bitterly not having acted sooner to stop it.","Does Vladimir Putin, whatever else might be said of him, have a sharper strategic vision than President Obama?","Putin is essentially aiming, I think, to present the United States with a stark choice - ISIS or Assad. That's why I think Putin is directing his fire now at the non-ISIS opponents of the Assad regime, the people we at least thought we were going to help. And I think that's clever because we are in the position of wanting neither Assad nor ISIS. I don't think that's in fact an option. I think we are going to have to decide, and I think we have to prioritize the destruction of ISIS."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: The United States has to choose between Assad and ISIS, and it should prioritize the destruction of ISIS.","questions":"How should the United States prioritize?","answer":"ISIS"}
{"text":["That's absolutely - and people are outraged at the written bylines. They just haven't taken that conversation from the words to the images.","You have cited a bombshell report in the Columbia Journalism Review by Kristen Chick. It documents assault, harassment, allegations against prominent men in the field. And you, I gather, were not surprised.","We all knew this. We all know how bad it's been. I've been in this industry for almost two decades. I've been paid less by men, overlooked on assignments that have been given to men. I've been groped and intimidated in the field and in the workplace by men. But I have been lucky for the most part. Kristen interviewed 50 women over five months, named two prominent photographers but, more importantly, detailed an industry that is rampant with physical, emotional, mental discrimination that is preventing women from being behind the camera, that is causing women to leave the industry but also that is signaling to women, this is the cost of business. This is what you have to accept if you want to do this job.","I want to drill down on one of the photojournalism agencies involved in these allegations. That's VII. It's an incredibly prominent agency, influential in the field. Can you remind us of what those allegations are about?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There is no drill, the person wants to get right to the basic part of the information.","questions":"How does PersonB want PersonA to remind them of the allegations against VII?","answer":"Remind"}
{"text":["We've all seen, you know if you've gone to one of these snooty coffee shops - I say that lovingly because I go to them.","But, you know, there are all these machines, and you wonder, well, why do you really have to use this one for this?","Right.","And this video decodes that."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Snooty means that the shop believes it is better than others.","questions":"Which word did PersonA use to describe the coffee shops?","answer":"Snooty"}
{"text":["The most significant news, I think on the Republican side, was that two states, Kansas and Louisiana, shot across the bow of John McCain by saying they were not ready to endorse the idea that he was the nominee. Washington State was called for John McCain with some of the vote yet to be counted and not too much of a margin for John McCain. But the state party chairman out there said they had seen enough caucus counting and they were going to away half the state's delegates to John McCain then do the rest in a primary that's coming up in a few weeks.","Now, that's already been protested by the Huckabee campaign, which was hoping to get a sweep, like Barack Obama, of all the events on the ballot on Saturday to the Republicans.","So parse out for us this delegate situation on the Democratic side. What's the state of play right now in terms of who has how many.","Well, it's a big scoreboard and there are a lot of different numbers on it and they do move around a fair amount. But let's start with the ones that are pretty certain that aren't going to change. That's the number of pledged delegates won so far. These are the delegates that are allocated to each candidate on the basis of the results of each primary or caucus. So in this station, where we stand now, Hillary Clinton has 893 from all the states that have voted so far on the Democratic side, and Barack Obama has 952."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"big scoreboard\" - This is a metaphor used to describe the current state of the delegate count.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the current state of the delegate count?","answer":"Scoreboard"}
{"text":["Thanks so much for having me, Farai.","So this is a whole special issue on the issue of prisons. Your article talks about the economic impact the prison system is having on the nation. So what kind of money are we talking about?","We're talking about a tremendous amount of money that's being spent nationally and by the individual states, at least 55 billion dollars a year spent on our prison system, on every conceivable aspect of it. And the numbers are absolutely astonishing, as you mentioned.","Times like this, when the economies of states are in default, can states really afford this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The topic of discussion is about the cost of prisons.","questions":"How much money is being spent on the prison system annually?","answer":"55"}
{"text":["Yes. So, given the fact that I had been able to, you know, prove myself under harsh circumstances, prove my judgment, my composure, my, you know, warrior spirit, if you will, despite all this and despite the medals that came and the valor devices and everything - you know, there's a position called a combat controller. And the officer version of that is a special tactics officer. It would have been right up my alley. Despite everything that I had just proven, I was barred from even applying for that job.","Major Hegar, I got to ask you a couple of questions. I want it understood they in no way question your valor, your physical, mental or emotional capabilities. But, you know, the U. S.  Marine Corps, for example, has a 12-week course for officers that's a prerequisite for leaving infantry units. And the first two women who tried to make it through that course last year didn't.","Right.","Do you think standards should in any way be changed so that you get more equal numbers of men and women?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : This statement implies that the interviewer is suggesting the standards be changed to encourage more equal numbers of men and women, instead of asking a question.","questions":"Which turn implies that the interviewer is suggesting a change in standards to encourage gender equality instead of asking a question?","answer":"Suggestion"}
{"text":["You know, you're helping a lot of people, Mr.  Mayor.","Well, I hope I am. I don't see it, and that's what scares me most of all. We care about everybody. We have to reach out for all of them and try to be successful for them to help them be that support deal for them. It's not a positive day every day, but you have to make it into one.","The mayor of Fulton, Texas, Jimmy Kendrick - thanks so much for being with us, Mr.  Mayor. Good luck to you.","Well, I appreciate it. And just keep us in your prayers. It's always nice to have a prayer given for us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The mayor is implicitly expressing his fear that he may not be helping as many people as he hopes he is, even though he is trying his best to reach out to them and provide them with the support they need. ","questions":"Which emotion is the mayor experiencing regarding his ability to help people?","answer":"Fear"}
{"text":["You've probably seen the signs in pharmacies now - flu shots here. You can buy shampoo, deodorant, nasal spray, M&M's and a flu shot. But if you're of a certain demographic, you might consider waiting a while before you get that shot. Here's some advice from Dr.  Laura Haynes, a professor of immunology at the University of Connecticut.","The best time for most people to get the flu vaccine would be in October. If you're a little bit older and over 65, I would say between Halloween and Thanksgiving.","Why should older people wait a month or more?Dr.  Haynes says. . .","Their immune response isn't as good to the vaccine. So the protection that's induced wanes more quickly. So therefore, you'd want to wait a little bit longer than you would if you were a younger adult. That way, you're protected throughout the majority of the really bad flu season, which happens from, say, January to April."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : 4) - The suggested waiting period is to maintain protection throughout the flu season, not to get protection until the flu season.","questions":"What is the reason for the suggested waiting period for older people to get the flu vaccine?","answer":"Response"}
{"text":["He did. When I - the first time I called him up, the conversation went like this: Hello?Alan Feuer. And I said, hey, it's Alan Feuer. And he went, oh, good man. I've been meaning to call you. And he really did talk like that. That is absolutely how he spoke.","So something out of - well, a kind of a cross between Franklin Delano Roosevelt and London.","Something like that. You know, the way I pictured it was those, you know, those Preston Sturges movies where, you know, it's almost like an Anglophilic-New York accent.","Oh, we use to call it Long Island lockjaw."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The way Alan Feuer spoke was unusual or unique.","questions":"How was Alan Feuer's speaking style?","answer":"Unique"}
{"text":["He does seem more comfortable making deals with his fellow New Yorker Chuck Schumer than he does Mitch McConnell and Paul Ryan. But Republicans in Congress almost shrugged this off this week. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell said, in his own dry way, we look forward to seeing the president's own legislative proposal. But this also does seem to be the first time in this tentative deal on the DREAMers that Donald Trump did something that could possibly alienate his base.","Well, that's a good point. I mean, what about his base?We have seen some reaction to this. What has it been?","This is splitting his base. Polls show that most Americans are sympathetic to the DREAMers. Majorities favor letting them stay, even large numbers of Republicans, but not the president's hardcore base. And we saw this week on Twitter some Trump supporters burning their Make America Great Again hats. We saw the headlines in Breitbart, the \"alt-right\" website run by his former political adviser, Steve Bannon. The headline said \"Amnesty Don. \"We're now going to find out how much of his base is what I call the Fifth Avenue voters, people who will stick with him no matter what. You know, he famously said, I could stand on Fifth Avenue and shoot someone and not lose any voters.","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Donald Trump's deal on DREAMers is not supported by his base","questions":"Which website posted the headline \"Amnesty Don\" about Donald Trump's deal on DREAMers?","answer":"Breitbart"}
{"text":["And so the last of this accretion events formed the moon, because accretion, when you have giant planets the size of Mars and Earth hitting each other, it's a pretty messy phenomenon.","But based on news this week, it sounds like that may not be the best theory.","Well, you know, the devil gets down to the details, and when you push these models forward, they start to come apart, and that's kind of the fun thing about science is you're sort of grasping at things, and they - sometimes you get them and hold them in your hand for a while, and they slip away like a fish.","Here we had this notion - and the reason this is so exciting right now is that starting in, you know, the mid-1970s, these sort of back-of-the-envelope calculations said hey, you know, we think planets formed this way, by collisions. We think we can explain the spin of the Earth, which is actually pretty fast if you add in the spin of the moon to the spin of the Earth, you know, that moon's orbiting the Earth, and if you think of it as one single planet, and if you brought all that mass together into one place, it would be equivalent to the Earth spinning with a period of only five hours, so much faster than it is today."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The current theory about the formation of the moon might not be accurate","questions":"How was the theory about the formation of the moon challenged in the dialogue?","answer":"Challenged"}
{"text":["Great to be here.","Could you take us back to that moment - 1947, I guess; the Hotel Pennsylvania in Manhattan; and Edwin Land wheels in this mahogany-clad contraption.","That's right. At the very first demonstration, it was at a meeting of a big optical society; and he brought in one of those big-view cameras - the kind you see in pictures from the 19th century; you know, the big wooden thing with a cloth over the head. And they had installed a special back on it, to take prototype instant film. And as the story goes, he pulls a sheet of film out of his camera; and he puts it through a little pair of rollers, to develop it; and 50 seconds later, he peels it off and reveals his own face. And in fact, because they. . .","I feel like I should go (gasps)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : none","questions":"Which year was the first demonstration of Edwin Land's instant camera?","answer":"Prototype"}
{"text":["I know but that's exactly the dilemma I think a lot of comics are facing right now. It's, like, when things are even-keeled, then you can be edgy. But we're closer to that stuff. So it makes people a little bit more sensitive, a little bit more heightened.","So what happened in places when you were, like, in these places that you said you had a rough time?","Well, it's because, like, if you're not on the side of the liberal warriors, then people are going to be like, oh, well, this means you hate women. This means that, you know, he hates blacks. He hates Mexicans. He hates Jews. He hates gays. You know, and then you have, like - I'm at a club. And I'll say, hey, where are the Trump supporters?And if I say anything bad about Trump, then they're just, like, you know, cursing at me. And people are walking out. And I got - you won (laughter). Your guy's in office. Why are you storming out?I feel like if I handed out a paper before every show, and I said, tell me what you want me to talk about, it would be nothing on there. But it's just I've got to say, sometimes, it's not fun anymore.","That was comedian Erik Griffin."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Comics can no longer be as edgy due to heightened sensitivity of people","questions":"How are comics affected by the heightened sensitivity of people?","answer":"Edgy"}
{"text":["When an American missionary was killed on a remote Indian Island last year, people around the world treated it as a punchline. John Allen Chau had been trying to reach members of an isolated and protected tribe to convert them to Christianity. The people of North Sentinel Island had fired arrows at him in warning, and on his third attempt to visit the island, they killed him. In the latest issue of Outside magazine, Alex Perry investigates what led Chau on this mission, and he joins us now. Welcome to ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.","Thanks for having me, Ari.","You say there were members of Chau's circle, family and friends of his, who have kept quiet since his death in November. And they only talked to you because you'd had a similar obsession with these islands when you were younger. But you didn't approach the island as a missionary. Tell us about your experience.","No, I was a journalist, a foreign correspondent based in India. And it was one of the first stories I heard when I got to India. This anthropologist I met, Vishvajet Pandya, told me about essentially a Neolithic tribe - or, in fact, several tribes living on these islands. And it was just such a sort of fantastical idea. I became quite obsessed by getting out there and particularly when I heard that one of the tribesmen had spent six months in a hospital and had learned Hindi, so there was a way to communicate."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : when something is remote in this context means its deep in the countryside and far away from cities","questions":"How did people treat the killing of American missionary John Allen Chau?","answer":"punchline"}
{"text":["Story's still unfolding, we understand. What are you hearing?","Well, the evidence is that the Islamic State is behind this. In addition to French President Francois Hollande saying that the attacks were the work of ISIS, the group itself claimed responsibility in an online statement a short time ago. And they say the attacks were a response to French airstrikes in Syria and that France would remain, in their words, a top target as long as it continued its current policies.","This has been independently confirmed by intelligence officials you've been able to talk to.","Well, my understanding is that officials first started to suspect ISIS was behind this late last night. There were some cellphone conversations or texts that the gunmen were exchanging while the attacks were going on. And they mentioned ISIS. And here's why that's important. You remember the Mumbai attacks in 2008 that were - those were attacks on hotels and Jewish centers and a railway station. Well, one of the ways that they traced it back to the perpetrators was by picking up phone conversations between the gunmen and their handlers in Pakistan. The information is still coming in, but it appears that something similar happened here."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4): The implication is that the authorities were able to trace the perpetrators of the attacks by looking at cellphone conversations or texts.","questions":"What was one of the ways that the authorities traced the perpetrators of the attacks?","answer":"ISIS"}
{"text":["Hi, Deb.","Hi there.","So you arrived in the country just after this massacre. Why did the Chinese government allow foreign journalists in?","We were so surprised about how easy it was. And it was no secret about who we were. When we arrived, the luggage carousel was filled with television cameras. And, you know, I was no China expert, but I had plenty of experience with autocratic governments. I was covering the Middle East at the time, so I'd been in Iraq. And I'd been in Syria. And I knew how these governments operate, so I figured that the Chinese authorities wanted to show that things were back to normal. And they wanted Western journalists to deliver that message. But when we got there, there was nothing that was back to normal.","Explain. What did you see?What was the atmosphere like?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"covering the Middle East\" implies assigned to the Middle East for journalistic duties.","questions":"Which region was PersonA assigned to for journalistic duties?","answer":"Middle"}
{"text":["Now, that's something that would be the kind of final explanation if we could rule out everything else, and of course the big job is ruling out everything else. So in our paper we have a number of possibilities, but again, none of them are easy. None of them are simple.","So if you wanted to have ordinary dark matter that has no stickiness, you would have to come up with some very convoluted mechanism for removing this cold dark matter from the galaxies that it loves so much. I mean, it just loves hanging out with these galaxies, doesn't want to let go of them under the cold, collision-less dark matter theory, which is our main theory that I think we all accept.","Yeah, but if you stick with the stickiness idea, then you have to give up the other ideas, that you think you know what dark matter is.","Yeah, so we actually don't know what dark matter really is. These are all theories. Dark matter is not part of our standard model of physics. The standard model accounts for protons and electrons and neutrons. But one of the things that's really exciting about dark matter, that makes it one of the deepest mysteries of the cosmos, is that we know - we are pretty sure that dark matter is not part of the standard model."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"But one of the things that's really exciting about dark matter, that makes it one of the deepest mysteries of the cosmos...\" Implicated meaning: The speaker is expressing enthusiasm about the intriguing nature of dark matter, highlighting its status as one of the most profound mysteries in the universe. The actual meaning is not that dark matter is exciting in a literal sense, but rather that it presents a captivating and puzzling scientific inquiry.","questions":"What is the speaker expressing about dark matter's nature?","answer":"Enthusiasm"}
{"text":["Out of respect, I don't want to go there, out of curiosity I do.","How much are you willing to tell us about how your innocence was stolen from you?","Well, growing up in a Christian family, you would have thought what happened to me would never happen because my mother loved me and she was very much aware of who I am, but I was a very mature little girl. And at 14, I was allowed to have a crush on a man who was 21. And because he was worldly, and had money, and he'd been in the Navy, you know, and I was, like, all little girls seek older men and we go, Oh my God, he's so cute. Oh my God, oh my God, oh my God.","Well, somehow in there my father wasn't watching, my mother was watching very closely and thought she could handle the situation and she allowed this relationship to happen. It should not have happened. I should not have been allowed to date a man, it made me have insecurities at an early age that I should never have had, but a man who could manipulate a little girl's mind and her heart. He was allowed to do things he shouldn't have done."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A was taken advantage of by a manipulative older man in her youth.","questions":"What caused PersonA to have insecurities at an early age?","answer":"Manipulation"}
{"text":["Teenagers can seem sullen, moody and uncommunicative - unless you know how to listen to them. James Harbeck does. He's an editor and linguist in Canada who's analyzed sounds that can be distinctly annoying to adults. James Harbeck joins us from the studios of the CBC in Toronto. Thanks so much for being with us.","Hi. Nice to be here.","First, what made you devote any scholarship to this?","I wouldn't say that this is a grand scholarly work, exactly. It's more just an application of undergraduate-level phonetics to things that I hear on the bus on the way home."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : is asking James Harbeck why he chose this particular topic to research.","questions":"How did James Harbeck apply his phonetics knowledge?","answer":"Application"}
{"text":["So, you know, Emily, when your sister is in and out of the hospital, and you're bringing her books, you talk about teaching her about emotions. Can you just give an example of what you mean by that?Like, what is a conversation you had to have with your sister?","Well, it mostly happened, like, your emotions are biological events that happen in your body. It's physiological, real. Emotions are not just in your head. They are all over your body, in your chemistry. So she's reading these books, and she sees the word rage on the page and spontaneously bursts into sobs. And she calls me on the phone, and is like, your book here says that feelings are physical.","I was like, you're a choral conductor who expresses emotion through your body. You practice yoga. And she still, sort of, had not put it together that just because you've dealt with the stressors, that doesn't mean that you've dealt with the physical event of the stress in your body.","One of the lessons in your book is about completing the stress cycle. I loved this analogy of yours, this idea of a lion. Explain the concept of completing the stress cycle through the lion, Emily."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Emotions are not just mental, but physical experiences in the body.","questions":"What is the nature of emotions?","answer":"Nature"}
{"text":["Is Joaquin Guzman, El Chapo, any less of a folk hero to some Mexicans now that he's been recaptured?","That was also a discussion, if Sean Penn's piece was portraying him as a hero. And I don't think that in Mexico we consider El Chapo a hero, not as Pablo Escobar was considered a hero in Colombia back in the '80s. People know that El Chapo is not a hero. People know that he's a criminal, that he has committed murders, that he was one of the most wanted men in the world. So I don't think that people consider him a hero. He's just a character that people are wondering about and are very curious about.","Has the Mexican government tried to spin this story, as we might say?","Yeah, the Mexican government, I think that has been very intelligent in sharing some information with some newspapers, with some TVs, giving a little bit, giving cookies to different media to portray different stories about El Chapo. And I think that what they're trying to do is to actually stop the Mexican people believing that El Chapo is a hero. And they're attacking him where it hurts most to a Mexican man - machismo. So they're actually portraying a drug lord who wasn't able to perform sexually. So they're giving all these details now about El Chapo having surgery to perform better as a lover. But I think that's actually quite a shaming and quite embarrassing for a man in Mexico."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  In turn (4), \"they're attacking him where it hurts most to a Mexican man - machismo\" implies that the Mexican government is trying to discredit El Chapo by bringing up stories of his allegedly poor sexual performance.","questions":"Which aspect of El Chapo's life did the Mexican government use to discredit him?","answer":"Sexual"}
{"text":["Yes. There's our only two fans in the room. That's great.","It is great, but surely not the reaction that Slat expected when he first dreamed up his plan to clean the ocean. Here's Slat explaining his original concept the first time we spoke in 2016.","I envisioned an extremely long network of floating barriers. They're like curtains floating in the ocean. And because it's in a V shape, the plastic gets pushed towards the center. And that's the spot where we can efficiently extract it from the seawater and store it before shipping it to land for recycling.","Well, as we know, Slat's idea didn't quite work as planned."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They are long strips of material that cover a wide area.","questions":"What shape are the floating barriers described in turn 2?","answer":"V-shape"}
{"text":["Well, I think everybody knew something was coming. I did not have specific knowledge of the timing or the nature of the strike. But - so there may have been notification to the speaker and the majority leader but not to Congress generally.","Do you feel that Congress should have had a chance to weigh in?","I think it's very important to distinguish what the strike was and what it wasn't. It was specifically narrowly focused on chemical weapons and chemical weapons production. That's been out of bounds in military years for over a hundred years with a few exceptions. Had it been a more general strike on the Assad regime, an attempt to change the calculus in the civil war, I believe that would have definitely required congressional approval. But I think the narrow strike to maintain the principle that countries around the world have recognized for so long that chemical weapons are out of bounds, I don't think that was a case where congressional approval was necessary in advance. But had it been a different kind of strike with broader implications, I'm one of those - along with a group of others in the Senate - who strongly believe there needs to be congressional approval.","Well, let me ask - I assume the president would have won that vote, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Out of bounds implies it's not allowed to happen","questions":"How was the strike focused?","answer":"Chemical"}
{"text":["Yes, they were congenial outdoors as they greeted each other with their wives, and they waved for the cameras, and they walked inside. They spent about an hour together in the Oval Office and then nearly a second hour talking in the residence portion of the White House, which, of course, was being shown to both of the Obamas so that they could get some idea of where they might want to locate themselves and put their children, how they might want to redecorate. And while I think this was a ginger conversation between the two of them, I think it was cordial as well, and there was quite a bit to discuss.","Right, well, this is a ritual. It happens every four years or every eight years, but was there any substance at all?","You know, I believe there was. I believe that, going into the discussion, the White House chief of staff currently, Josh Bolton, was saying that the president really did have a number of things he wanted to convey to his successor about how things are going in certain realms, and I think we're talking foreign policy here largely, but also in terms of the economic crisis and the rescue packages.","And he wanted to have a little bit of a discussion to kind of unburden a little bit of his own thoughts on what we ought to be doing on those fronts and, of course, we can assume the president-elect would have responded. That's why it took some time."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The meeting was polite but not necessarily friendly.","questions":"How was the atmosphere of the meeting?","answer":"Cordial"}
{"text":["Chris Scheuerman knew that his son was having troubles coping with combat. In March of 2005 while Jason was on leave, he told his father he was scared. Chris Scheuerman told him that was natural, and before leaving him at the airport for his return to Iraq, he reminded Jason to seek help if he was feeling depressed. A month later, after putting a rifle in his mouth, Jason visited an Army chaplain. A few weeks after that, Jason was evaluated by an Army psychologist.","He told me that the psychologist had given him a standardized test and talked to him for about 10 minutes. And after that evaluation, he sent a note back to the command stating that Jason was capable of feigning his illness in order to manipulate his command. That assessment brought much hardship down on my son, and this is after this unit had seen Jason with the muzzle of his weapon in his mouth and did nothing. This is a unit in which a chaplain writes he believed my son to be possessed by demons and obsessed with suicide, and did nothing. On the day that Jason took his life, he was given an Article 15, which in the military, is a non-judicial punishment. They gave him that for being out of uniform. During those proceedings, his first sergeant told him that if he was faking his illness, then he would go to jail and become someone's butt buddy, and Jason talks to that statement in his suicide note.","What does he say?","Basically, paraphrasing it, he speaks that life is not worth living if all he has looked forward to is being in jail and being someone's butt buddy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Butt Buddy is a derogatory remark and not a term for an actual friend ","questions":"How is \"Butt Buddy\" used in the dialogue?","answer":"Manipulation"}
{"text":["How does the government even know that they might have overpaid?","Well, they have records going back that say, you know, you were eligible for X amount per month. And then maybe somebody in the family went back to work and got more in the way of earnings than they would have had to be eligible for those benefits. And so there was this debt sitting there on the account over all these years. But in many of these cases, the government can't even say who exactly incurred the debt. It might have been a surviving spouse. It might have been surviving children. All they know is that the debt is on the books. And apparently their regulations allow them to go after almost anyone in the surviving family without regard to whether they were the ones who got the benefits in the first place.","And they have no recourse?","Well, there's an appeals process, and you can seek a waiver. The folks I've spoken to, for the most part, when they call or visit Social Security, they're told, yeah, you can go through the waiver process, but you're not likely to win. The Social Security Administration tells me that about 10 percent do win their case, but that's 90 percent who don't. And of that 90 percent, some of them, it's just, you know, a few hundred dollars maybe, and they figure it's not worth the battle. In other cases, it's some thousands of dollars, and they really need the money. But very few lawyers will touch these cases because they are relatively small amounts of money involved."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"win their case\" does not refer to a legal case but rather to the process of appealing and receiving a waiver for the debt owed to the Social Security Administration.","questions":"How does \"win their case\" refer to the process of what?","answer":"Process"}
{"text":["It was interesting, because my first novel, \"Platitudes,\" was pretty fictional. My second two novels, \"Right Here, Right Now\" and \"Home Repairs,\" especially \"Home Repairs,\" was pretty autobiographical.","So this time, I really wanted to try my hand at writing a novel about myself. So I tried to write it as artfully as you would write a novel with the same kind of conceits that I put into, let's say, \"Platitudes,\" like kind of funny screenplays and music lyrics and footnotes, and write it artistically but tell the story of my life.","And that was the tricky part, to see myself as a character and not as myself.","You have - at one point in the book, you talk about all these dreams that you had to write books and to direct, and you write: I'm convinced that my delusion of seeing the story of my life as just that, a grand story, is the only thing that has staved off even more debilitating mental illnesses."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"To see myself as a character and not as myself\" - The speaker is not literally seeing themselves as a fictional character, but rather trying to distance themselves emotionally from their personal story in order to write it in an artistic and creative way.","questions":"How did the speaker approach writing their own life story?","answer":"Character."}
{"text":["No, so Wim van Egmond is an artist, and he was trained as an artist. He was a painter at first, and he was really into painting from these scientific illustrations, biological illustrations from hundreds of years ago. And he said, well, you know, I could just do this myself. So he purchased his first microscope about 20 years ago and since then has been kind of perfecting the technique.","But when he started, you know, he was also working with film, like Roman Vishniac. And, you know, when he had to look up what he was looking at, these organisms, he was looking in reference books, things that are just unthinkable these days, of course you would just Google.","So he said that, you know, progress has gotten much faster because now you can just look and see your result immediately. You don't have to develop your film, and - you know, and so he's gotten - it sounds like he's gotten - he's sort of refined his techniques much more quickly in the days of the digital camera.","Now I know you like to limit the size of your video pick to like three or four minutes."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Now I know you like to limit the size of your video pick to like three or four minutes.\" Literal meaning: The speaker has learned that the person being addressed prefers videos that are three or four minutes long. Actual meaning: The speaker is likely to be suggesting that the person being addressed limit their video pick to a short length of time, possibly due to some constraint such as the attention span of the intended audience.","questions":"What is the suggested length for the video pick?","answer":"three"}
{"text":["General, do you have to worry about the possibility that even in, at least what so far seems to be uncontested conflict - if that's quite the term of art, I mean, in the air - that some technical problem could bring an F-22 down and then the Syrians or ISIL would have it and give it to the Chinese?","Fortunately, we have a fairly - really reliable aircraft. And so that is an event that would be exceedingly rare. However. . .","It happened to a stealth. I think we all recall that.","Yeah, but those kind of things are very rare when you look at the total number of sorties and missions that we've flown over the last, you know, 25 years."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : . The implied meaning of (4) is that the General is downplaying the possibility of a technical problem, despite the fact that a stealth fighter did crash in the past.","questions":"What is the reason for the General's downplaying the possibility of a technical problem, despite the fact that a stealth fighter did crash in the past?","answer":"Downplaying"}
{"text":["Well, the - there in every single state, and the data changes state by state, but in every single state, there is a huge disproportionality between the number of particularly African-Americans, but also Latino youths, who wind up in high-level facilities, as opposed to Caucasians youth who wind up in high-level facilities.","And by high level you mean the higher security, more. . .","I mean, higher - yes, more intensive, more secure facilities. Ironically, or maybe not so ironically, when you look at high - facilities that have a high-level of treatment, you'll see disproportionally white youth in the high-level of treatment facilities. But from the very first day, when we start with arrests, which I'm sure you're very familiar with, but moving on through the system, there is continuous and increased disproportionality.","That doesn't even deal with the real disproportionality in the system, between families that have assets, and the families that have fewer assets. So, youth in the juvenile justice system are primarily African-Americans and Latinos that are almost entirely low-income youth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : White youth are overrepresented in high-level treatment facilities.","questions":"How are white youth represented in high-level treatment facilities?","answer":"Overrepresented"}
{"text":["I think the best example I can give is Nelson Mandela, who's paid more of a price, who sacrificed more, he won, and then at a point, he says, now it is time for me to go on. He, if anyone, earned the right to say I am going to sit here and be the president of South Africa till I die. He said no, I've served my time. The fact that I spent 27 years in jail notwithstanding, I'm going to move on, and I think that that is why everyone respected him as a great man, because he did not put his own vanity above the cause.","Reverend Sharpton, great to talk to you.","Thank you, have a great day.","Reverend Al Sharpton is a civil rights activist and host of the syndicated radio talk show Keeping it Real. He is also the President of the National Action Network."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated. When a person looks at his watch","questions":"Which action was hinted at in the turn mentioned in the statement?","answer":"Looking"}
{"text":["And this could sound obvious, and this could sound like a no-brainer. But the reality in Mexico is that whenever a journalist is killed, investigators - their first reaction is to always try to find a motive that is not related to journalistic work. So they find any other motive - economic motive or maybe a passion motive, anything except journalistic work because they don't want to admit that they have a problem of press freedom in their hands. But I think in this case it is really obvious why Javier Valdez was killed.","Yeah. This is going to sound naive. But why do you think it's important to do stories like that?I mean, drug cartels - people often prefer just to look the other way - don't they?","Well, yes. But if you don't report on them, then nobody else will. And it is not just the stories about the drug cartels. It is the stories about the consequences that they are unleashing in Mexican public life in every level. I live in a city that, for years, was the turf in a turf war between two drug cartels. And the effects of the violence that they unleashed was devastating for the city because investment never came in. Jobs were not created. Nightlife shut down. People stopped going out on the street. We all started to distrust from one another. Neighborhoods began putting up gates and fences, and so it was really disruptive.","Your newspaper was attacked, wasn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"people often prefer just to look the other way\" - the literal meaning is to physically look in another direction, but the actual meaning is to ignore or avoid confronting a difficult or uncomfortable situation.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue implies a possible reason for why people avoid reporting on drug cartels?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["Now, the Russian government doesn't get many chances in this context internationally, on the global stage, to do the right thing. I have been criticizing the Russian government while I am here. What more can I do to satisfy you or any of these critics who hold these positions?The reality is there is nothing that will satisfy them because it is their suspicion, it is their skepticism, it is their distrust of the Russian government as an institution which is motivating this.","I mean, do I have to detail for you the ways in which the Putin government has earned (laughter) some suspicion?","No, no. Absolutely not. Again, I agree with you. This (laughter) - look, look; this is why I have been criticizing the Russian government. There's no distance between us on that. I'm not saying Vladimir Putin is an angel. I'm not even saying Vladimir Putin is a decent guy. What I'm saying is you have to understand there doesn't need to be a quid pro quo here for it to make sense.","Edward Snowden. Elsewhere in the program, he talks about his work at the NSA before he leaked classified information and tells us what's keeping him from returning to the U. S.  to face trial."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He is not saying that Putin never does anything wrong and is very nice.","questions":"How does PersonA describe Putin's character?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["Well, one last question about this because there is speculation that this weather may be due to the loss of ice during the summertime at the polar region. Is there any evidence for that being the trigger?","No, that has a lot of other dramatic effects on our climate, but for stratospheric warming events, what we're looking at are very large systems, such as the one that was off of the northeast coast of Japan. Also it's been correlated to sunspot activity. So that's kind of a factor that doesn't affect the troposphere so much, but it does involve some (unintelligible) content action in the stratosphere. So we're seeing a correlation between a solar activity and then these big, very unstable systems late in the season like we saw off the northeast coast of Japan.","All right, well, people always blame stuff on sunspots, so. . .","That's right, it's hard to prove them wrong."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a trigger in this context means something causing something else","questions":"Which term did PersonA use to describe the correlation between solar activity and the unstable systems late in the season?","answer":"CAUSE"}
{"text":["The Negro National League's last innings came in 1940s, after Jackie Robinson headed for the big leagues. Kadir Nelson's new book, \"We Are the Ship\" captures black-American baseball at the top of its game. Kadir is an award-winning children's book illustrator. He's collaborated with Will Smith, Spike Lee and Debbie Allen. For \"We Are the Ship,\" he did all of the writing and all of the artwork, and his rich, detailed paintings show Negro-league superstars as if they're posing for the camera or deep in a game of hard ball.","Kadir Nelson joins me now. How are you?","I'm great. Thanks for having me.","So you have done playful children's books. You've illustrated books for young people about historic figures. Tell me about Buck O'Neil."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Tell me about Buck O'Neil\" - this turn is a request for information about Buck O'Neil rather than literally asking the speaker to narrate or explain something to the listener.","questions":"What was the turn in the conversation that requested information about a specific person?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["From NPR News, it's Day to Day. Later tonight, I will be hosting dinner at my house with friends I invited, which hopefully will keep the meal mellow because we all tend to see eye to eye on most things.","But not everyone is as lucky. If you find yourself sharing a table today with family or friends who don't share your political views, well, fret not. Slate. com's chief political correspondent John Dickerson has put together some ammunition to help you should the conversation turn to politics. He joins us now from his home in Washington, D. C.  Hi, John.","Hello. Happy Thanksgiving.","And to you as well. John, you have for Slate provided backup to both sides of the argument on a number of topics. Let's start off with the financial crisis. Now, let's say that your Aunt Edna is a Democrat and your cousin Joe is a Republican. What argument can each of them make over the pumpkin pie as to who's to blame for all this mess?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Even though your family members have different political affiliations, they can still discuss the financial crisis over pumpkin pie.","questions":"Which topic can Aunt Edna and cousin Joe discuss over the dessert?","answer":"Financial"}
{"text":["Ms.  LYNNE D.  JOHNSON (Blogger, fastcompany. com): Hi, how are you, Farai?","I'm great so, just quickly describe the video blog post for listeners who've not seen it.","Oh boy.","Well, it's basically something done as parody - described as parody in black face. Probably the most stereotypical depiction of a black person, an imagined black tech blogger with dreadlock wig, and speaking in a slang and talking about a website, called, you know about hos, or something like that. Hos and area codes. And so, a year ago, you know, people found this totally offensive, but it was in the - as you said in the insular web 2. 0 world, in the web community, people on Huffington Post, and PodTech heard some of the backlash and decided to not associate with Loren Feldman."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The video blog post was racist and offensive.","questions":"Which type of blog post did Loren Feldman create?","answer":"Racist"}
{"text":["As we move forward, though, and as you see President Trump continue to backtrack on his comments on background checks, in the last 30 seconds we have, what would you like to tell him to stay on the message that you would like him to stay on?","Listen to the American people. We're a democracy. That's what we're supposed to be doing. There can be special interests that are whispering in his ear. They represent the past. What the future is are the kids in our elementary schools or high schools that practice a mass shooting drill during the first couple days of school. That's not the United States of America.","Democratic Mayor Greg Fischer of Louisville, thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : 'Special interests whispering in his ear' is figurative. It means that special interest groups - probably the NRA - have too much influence over the President.","questions":"Which phrase is used figuratively to suggest special interest groups having too much influence over the President?","answer":"Whispering"}
{"text":["Yeah. What damage in the United States near as you can tell?","Well, we're not really aware of what the damage is precisely. I mean, that's still being accounted for. One thing interestingly for people that are dissecting what happened is that many systems are now trying to clean up the damage. So it's hard to know exactly what happened. It's kind of like cleaning up a crime scene before doing the forensics on it. One thing that is being discussed - this is possibly malware coming from the NSA. Some security experts who've been collecting samples of the malware and dissecting them have been saying that these criminal attacks are based on attacks designed by the National Security Agency and then released into the public by a hacking group called The Shadow Brokers.","You know, now, the NSA, they would have wanted to use the malware for spying purposes, right?The agency has a huge shop - we're very well aware of this - one of the world's best shops, dedicated to finding weaknesses in software and taking advantage of those weaknesses to break in and steal information for spying purposes. The problem is once you break in, you make digital keys, you can't really control who gets them. So this attack is raising one of these fundamental issues that we talk about in the security world about whether NSA surveillance protects people or creates unexpected damage that does more harm than good.","So I - so it's possible that there - it's possible that the NSA program to try and limit damage and trace people who would do harm to the country wound up doing harm across the world."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"It's kind of like cleaning up a crime scene before doing the forensics on it.\"","questions":"Which task is compared to cleaning up a crime scene in the dialogue?","answer":"Forensics"}
{"text":["And some - I'm trying to blend. I'm trying to be a weevil.","I got you. You know, you talked about singing to your children. Do you suggest singing to pregnant mothers, too?(unintelligible)","Absolutely. Absolutely. They can hear - babies can hear from about six months gestation. This is the way language development begins. This is the way we teach. This is the way we connect, nurture, and love our young. And although we have many devices, many toys that bleep and beep and sing and all of that, it's really important to have that human element. So speaking to, reading to, singing to your very young child is extremely important.","Nnenna Freelon, you are a fantastic talent. We appreciate you coming on News & Notes. Thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Speaking, reading, and singing to young children is important for their growth and development","questions":"How do we begin language development in young children?","answer":"Language"}
{"text":["You know, we don't do a lot of cookbooks on this show. Hugh Acheson's latest cookbook fits right in. It doesn't show much cooking. The chef is shown reading in a lawn chair, taking a hot bath, even playing the cello - at least holding the bow over one.","It's a book about what you can cook - if that's quite the word - while you do something else, even for hours. \"The Chef And The Slow Cooker\" is by Hugh Acheson, the acclaimed Canadian Southern chef who owns big-name restaurants in Georgia and is a judge on \"Top Chef. \"He joins us from WABE in Atlanta.","Chef, thanks so much for being with us.","It's great to be here, Scott."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The turn in (3) has an implied meaning of appreciation rather than a literal meaning of thanks.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of the turn in (3)?","answer":"Appreciation"}
{"text":["Unfortunately, we know that the homeless individuals who are unsheltered and living in the street are disproportionately burdened with behavioral health challenges, mental disease, substance abuse disorders. And so if a nurse from the government shows up with a syringe and says, hey, I'm here from the government. I'm here to help you. Take this shot - it's not so simple. We have had to spend a tremendous amount of time building trust, providing education and making the case for why receiving a vaccine is such a critical opportunity for them to protect their health.","What are the symptoms of hepatitis A?","These are symptoms that basically reflect inflammation of the liver. And the most common symptoms are basically fever, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, significant abdominal pain, the loss of appetite. And then one of the telltale things is either darkening of the urine or what's called jaundice, which is the common yellowing of the eyes and the yellow hue of the skin, indicating liver enzymes being spilled into the bloodstream. So jaundice is also a very common symptom.","Dr.  Yphnatides, if you think long term about changes you would want to see made to prevent another outbreak like this in the future, where does that take you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Building trust and providing education are necessary in order to make a convincing argument for why homeless individuals should receive the vaccine.","questions":"Which critical factor is required to make a convincing argument for homeless individuals to receive the vaccine?","answer":"Education"}
{"text":["Now, how does Ukraine come in?","It's very confusing, but let's see what I can do here. So on the Internet, things move really fast. It's like a huge game of telephone. So once this firm caught the attention of the far-right online, they discovered that it was owned by a Russian American man who had previously done some work for a think tank called the Atlantic Council. It's a D. C. -based think tank, sort of works alongside NATO. And it's a pretty innocuous place. It does research on misinformation and digital warfare, things like that.","And there's a Ukrainian oligarch who was on one of the advisory boards for the Atlantic Council. And it seems somewhere along the line, the Ukrainian oligarch became the owner of CrowdStrike. This is not true, of course. But when things are moving so fast online, facts start to combine together, and it becomes very confusing.","So the idea is people who are on the far-right, conspiracy theorists, went looking for a connection, went looking to say, who are these CrowdStrike guys?And once they do enough looking, they're able to find a Ukrainian oligarch who they say, aha, this is the connection. So what about this server that the president implied was somehow in Ukraine?I mean, he - on this call talked to Ukraine's leader and brought up CrowdStrike. What would he be looking for?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Information on the internet is passed from person to person quickly. The man did some work for an organization where people think of solutions to problems.","questions":"What type of organization did the man work for?","answer":"Think"}
{"text":["And just before he died, he recorded what would be his biggest song.","Then comes April of 1968 in Memphis. The sanitation workers are on strike. That brought Martin Luther King, Jr.  to town to speak and to show support, and that was when he was murdered at the Lorraine Motel. It hit people at Stax especially hard.","Yes, because the Lorraine, they had a swimming pool and they had a restaurant that would serve an integrated table, and all the Stax visiting artists would stay at the Lorraine. That was their hangout. So, this horrible event at their second home not far from their own building, it was devastating, just absolutely devastating. Isaac Hayes told me he couldn't write for a year.","I want to talk about a song recorded by the Staple Singers that spoke to the issue of black empowerment.","You consider it one of the most important songs the label ever produced - \"Respect Yourself. \"","It's a great, catchy pop song with a really deep message - Mavis Staples singing lead and Pops' guitar sound. It sounds like an organ."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : (6) - \"It sounds like an organ.\" implies that the guitar sound in the song resembles the sound of an organ, rather than actually being an organ.","questions":"Which instrument does the guitar sound in the song \"Respect Yourself\" resemble?","answer":"Organ"}
{"text":["How close is it?","It's about three parsecs away, about 12 light-years away, something like that.","So if there is intelligent life on that planet, and I'm just speculating here, it would be possible to communicate with them in real time almost, right, a lifetime, at least one person's lifetime if they could signal back and forth in 12 light-years?","Well, and that's the reason that studying these nearest stars is so interesting. If you have a chance of contacting any intelligent beings on these things, you could have a two-way conversation easily within a lifetime around these nearest stars."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The planet is far away from us, but it's measurable","questions":"Which unit of measurement is used to describe the distance of the planet mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"light-years"}
{"text":["(Laughter) I have no idea. I know that the pope - his five most famous words may be - who am I to judge?- which is about gay people. And I know that he has gay friends. You know, one of the people that he met with during his papal visit in the United States was a gay friend and his partner. So he's open to what he calls a culture of encounter and accompaniment. He's certainly in favor of listening to people and meeting them where they are. And so on that page, you know, we agree.","You suggest in a couple of sections of the book that there must be priests who are LGBT, but they are faithful to their vows of chastity.","Yeah, I know them. And, you know, by saying that a priest is gay, it doesn't mean that he's breaking his promise of celibacy or his vow of chastity or, you know, lesbian nuns. And one of the challenges for the church is to recognize these people and to see them as the gifts that they are as all LGBT people are to the church. They are gifts, beloved children of God who bring certain gifts and certain talents to our church, to the community.","Father James Martin - his book, \"Building A Bridge: How The Catholic Church And The LGBT Community Can Enter Into A Relationship Of Respect, Compassion, And Sensitivity\" - thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : advocating for the recognition of these individuals within the church and emphasizing that their sexual orientation should not diminish their inherent value and contributions as beloved children of God.","questions":"Which group does Father James Martin advocate for within the church?","answer":"LGBT"}
{"text":["The size of the painting certainly is a huge challenge. And because we're capturing so much data with a variety of imaging techniques, we're generating terabytes of data that, down the line, we'll be using computer analysis and artificial intelligence to actually interpret some of the data. So that is a sort of a goal down the line to actually figure out the best way to look at this kind of information.","So shoring up IT.","That is certainly one of the goals. That doesn't mean to say that you still don't need the experts. In our Night Watch research team, we have experts of all different kinds - curators, art historians, conservators, scientists. You still need those experts, you know, for interpretation of the data. But I mean, you want to take away a lot of the manual work, a lot of the looking. And that's where artificial intelligence and computers will be very helpful.","Well, I'm sure Rembrandt couldn't imagine that. Right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The auto industry is experiencing trouble and unemployment is rising. The Dow Jones Index's drop below 8,000 has Wall Street concerned","questions":"Which index has Wall Street concerned, as stated in the statement?","answer":"Dow"}
{"text":["Exactly.","At the same time, she's this very sassy character. And, you know, so many of the characters here are very, you know, just sexy, kind of contemporary figures. And there's a joie-de-vivre about this, and even though she touches on a lot of heavy themes, including race and patriotism, there's a certain sass to this. Is that what attracted you to her work?","Well, I was astounded at her work. I was actually looking for something else in her cartoon that is in the late '40s. Most of her cartooning was done in the late '40s and early '50s. This one year of '37 was kind of a little different thing.","I was looking for evidence of a doll. I knew that she created a doll, and I thought I could find some evidence of that in her cartoons. And then yeah, I found the doll, but then I went on to see all of the different topics that she took on, and that got fascinating."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  B's turn contains figurative language, as \"sassy\" and \"sexy\" are not meant to be taken literally. They are used to describe the personality and appearance of the characters in the cartoon.","questions":"Which two adjectives are used by PersonB to describe the characters in the cartoon?","answer":"Sassy,Sexy"}
{"text":["Right.",". . . Take me as I am. How did people perceive that?","Well, yeah. It's funny to think back. I shaved it all off because I didn't want to be a sex object. And there I was playing in bars, you know, mostly surrounded by men with drinks in their hands. And I was getting attention for not the right reasons. I wanted a different kind of power, I think.","(Singing) I am not a pretty girl. That is not what I do. I ain't no damsel in distress."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker does not conform to traditional gender roles.","questions":"Which characteristic of the PersonA's behavior challenges societal norms?","answer":"Different"}
{"text":["So, what do you make of all these pardons?","These pardons are a typical old practice in Russia and the Soviet Union. But, of course, President Vladimir Putin made a wonderful publicity show of pardoning Mikhail Khodorkovsky and this was totally unexpected. There had been talk about another trial against him. And instead, now he's already in Germany.","Let me ask you about what seemed to be, from Mr.  Putin's point of view, a productive week. Ukraine's government, after weeks of some wavering, decided not to sign an agreement with the European Union and instead threw in with the economic aid package from Moscow. How do you read that?","Well, I think it's quite a victory for President Putin and also for President Yanukovych. What President Putin got, it was some kind of alliance with Ukraine. And he also got support for his kind of economic and political system, rather authoritarian and not quite run by the rule of law. And President Yanukovych, he got $50 million in a probably quite expensive loan, which means that he can keep going for 15 months more, until he has presidential elections in Ukraine.","I'm curious as to why Ukraine seems to be teetering. Because when the USSR split up, a lot of people said this is going to be a country with a lot going for it - almost 50 million people; it was considered the breadbasket of the old Soviet Union; coal, steel. What's happened?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"What President Putin got, it was some kind of alliance with Ukraine\" - The literal meaning of this statement is that Putin gained an alliance with Ukraine. The actual meaning could be that Putin gained a strategic advantage by aligning Ukraine with his economic and political system.","questions":"What did Putin gain by aligning Ukraine with his economic and political system?","answer":"Strategic"}
{"text":["And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?","You know, we saw reports. As we were doing live coverage, we saw reports of damage start to trickle in. But, really, right after an earthquake, it is, like, fog of war. No one knows what's going on. Emergency responders are just going out trying to survey the damage. We did hear reports of fires.","We got some calls into our - into KPCC of people telling us that they had fallen. One woman said that she thought maybe she broke her wrist. And there were a lot of people who were just afraid to go back into their houses, which is another big thing with big earthquakes - is that it disrupts people's lives not just for that one moment, but continuously, especially after aftershock after aftershock after aftershock keeps hitting.","All right. Well, we'll be getting updates throughout the morning. And thanks very much for joining us. KPCC's Jacob Margolis, science reporter and host of a podcast called \"The Big One: Your Survival Guide. \"Thank you, Jacob."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : We saw reports of damage slowly come in to our studio. It is chaotic and confusing for everyone right after an earthquake and everyone is a bit stunned.","questions":"How did the damage reports come in after the earthquake?","answer":"Trickle"}
{"text":["It was you coming forward that helped open the floodgates in that case with Larry Nassar. Do you believe there are other abuse cases in the Southern Baptist Church that have yet to come to light?","Oh, absolutely. You know, survivors live in silence for so long. And one of the reasons that they do - the main reason they do is because they watch how society talks about abuse. And they watch how our culture treats abuse victims. And that's one of the primary things we need to change. We have to let them know that they are safe when they come forward before they're going to be able to speak up. Our cultural and societal response to those survivors who have spoken up is really going to set the tone for whether or not others feel free to come forward.","And may I ask, as someone who's prominently working on this within the church while obviously wanting to respect the anonymity of people coming forward, do women come to you and tell you their stories?","They do all the time. And oftentimes, I am the first disclosure. And I consider that an absolute privilege to be trusted with their stories. It's not something I ever take for granted."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Being the first disclosure for a survivor is a privilege","questions":"How does PersonA feel about survivors trusting them with their stories?","answer":"Trusted"}
{"text":["So you get a sense of how this whole thing is going. Obviously, we should then inject alcohol into the situation. For his new show, Brad spent some time around Austin, Texas. So to cap off the visit, we made a cocktail - a paloma made out of a spirit called sotol, distilled from a plant that grows in the Texas desert.","All right. So first up. . .","Yeah.",". . . We're going to mix it with a little grapefruit. OK, I'm going to make a little grapefruit juice."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"inject alcohol into the situation\" - this is an idiomatic expression and does not actually mean injecting alcohol into something. It means to add alcohol to a situation to make it more fun or relaxed.","questions":"What does the expression \"inject alcohol into the situation\" mean?","answer":"Fun"}
{"text":["It's not unusual for a new president to shed some of the staff that comes in with him in the first year. You know, people from the campaign, for example, who don't fit in in the new environment. But this is the earliest we've ever seen a chief of staff go. And this many departees at this high level, it's hard to think of an analog in the first six months of any other administration.","OK.  A really big legislative story this week with the Senate failing to repeal the Affordable Care Act. Is that effort dead as in really, really, really dead?","It is dead for the moment. You know, the president has been tweeting in the last 24 hours about killing the filibuster rule because it's too hard to get to 60 votes. You know, on this bill, all they needed was 50 votes and they could not get to 50 votes. And the real problem here is not process. It's the problem. They don't have consensus on health care. So it looks dead in the Senate, at least for the moment, but it could be revived in the longer run.","And just quickly, we could have started our conversation with North Korea or Russia. The world is out there, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  implies that the questioner is asking if the effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act is completely over, while (4) implies that the questioner is suggesting that there are more important issues that the conversation could have started with than North Korea or Russia.","questions":"How would you describe the level of consensus on health care among the senators?","answer":"Knowing"}
{"text":[". . . You are from this area - born in D. C. , raised in Maryland and Virginia - the DMV, as we like to say. So what's it like to be back home now that you're blowing up like this?Can you go to, like, the CVS if you want to without being recognized?","Yeah. I definitely can go to the CVS. You know, sometimes people recognize me, sometimes they don't. But it's a beautiful feeling, and I just can't wait to move back eventually.","How did you start singing or how did you realize you could sing?","I don't know. I just was always singing. I didn't know if it was good or not, but my grandma, she told me that I sounded like an angel. And that maybe - perhaps that kept me going. I mean, I always wanted a solo at the church, and they didn't ever give it to me. But eventually they did, and I froze. But then I killed it. And I just feel like that kind of just followed me all throughout my life."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the phrase \"sounded like an angel\" does not literally mean that the speaker's voice sounded like a divine being, but rather that their grandmother thought they had a beautiful singing voice","questions":"What did the PersonA's grandmother think about their singing voice?","answer":"Beautiful"}
{"text":["What do you think she'd think of what you've done?","I think she would be amazed. (Laughter) I have had nothing to do with the fashion world, and I don't think I'm known particularly for being fashionable. But in fact, Inga was my mother's name. But it's only afterwards that I realized looking it up that it actually means a hero's daughter. And that's very much how we feel - that this concept is in honor of the heroes in our life. And I hope it brings a great deal of comfort and dignity to others and just break this vicious cycle that patients often find themselves in.","Nikla Lancksweert is the co-founder of the clothing company INGA Wellbeing. Thank you so much for being with us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"I think she would be amazed.\" - The literal meaning suggests that the person being referred to would be surprised or astonished. However, the actual meaning here implies that the speaker believes the person mentioned would be proud or impressed by what they have accomplished.","questions":"Which emotion does the turn \"I think she would be amazed\" imply?","answer":"Proud"}
{"text":["But some people might want the extra three months of the nine months option. Just look through and see what's offered. And the other good thing is, this is not one of those negative option kind of options. At the end of the six months or nine months, they're not going to automatically enroll you into a plan in which you have to pay, because the six month is worth about 60 dollars and the nine month is about 115 dollars. So they will absolutely stop it, and you have to say, I want this back. But listen, for six or nine months you've got someone looking through your TransUnion credit file, so it's worth it.","You know, Michelle, what you're saying is anyone who has applied for credit, essentially in the last 20 years, any credit card, is eligible for this. There is a benefit, including maybe some cash, sitting there on the table. You can write in and get it. That's it?","That's it. That's exactly right. And you do have to register for it. It's not automatic, and you have to go to www. listclassaction. com. And once you go to the site, you click on the link for Register for Benefits. And then they will email you and tell you later when you can actually start getting the monitoring service.","We will link to you and to this website at our site, that's npr. org. Michelle Singletary, personal finance columnist for the Washington Post and contributor to Day to Day. Michelle, thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There is free money available for those who have applied for credit.","questions":"Which website do you need to visit to register for the benefits?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Mr.  Zandi, you served as an adviser for Senator John McCain's presidential campaign, and now you've been working with the Democrats in leadership. I'm wondering, what sort of advice are you giving them for how to get out of this situation?","Well, I think the most important thing is that government policy needs to be very aggressive. We need a concerted, comprehensive, and consistent response to our economic problems. The crisis is very severe and significant. And without such a response, we're going to be in the economic soup, so to speak, for a long time to come.","And specifically - I'm sure there's many things you've suggested - could you give us a couple of highlights of concrete plans?","Well, the thing that's on the drawing board right now is the economic stimulus plan, and I think we do need a very large plan that would include increases in government spending and tax cuts.","To add to this troubled economy, we now have the latest unemployment figures out this morning from major metropolitan areas. Here's how they look. In November 2007, 18 areas reported jobless rates of at least seven percent. In November 2008, that number jumped to 121. Which areas have seen the highest unemployment rate?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : not a physical drawing board or easel, but the most important thing on an agenda or plan; not a physically big-in-size plan, but a plan with many elements or parts to it","questions":"How should government policy be in response to the economic problems, according to A?","answer":"Aggressive"}
{"text":["That's Theia. That's the Mars-sized planet that people have been invoking all these years, for about the last 40 years now. And that led to detailed models and dozens and dozens of papers exploring this idea of fleshing out various scenarios. And in the last 10 years, we really thought we were approaching the endgame, where we could make the Earth, we could give it its spin, we could, you know, make a moon. . .","And you had it all wrapped up?","We had it all wrapped up, and not only could we make a moon, but we could make a moon that has pretty odd composition. I mean, the moon has a composition that's really odd. It's like - it is like George Darwin said, it's like you pulled a piece of the mantle out of the Earth and popped it into the sky, but. . .","So it's made of mostly Earth stuff?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A planet named Theia has been discussed for 40 years.","questions":"What was the topic of discussion for the past 40 years?","answer":"Theia"}
{"text":["And those two factors - genetic variation and large populations - are perfect recipes for Darwinian evolution. So RNA viruses evolve very quickly. They adapt very quickly. If they pass from one species of host into another - for instance, from a bat, or a monkey or a rodent, into humans - they seem to have a better chance of flourishing, of adapting to the new host and finding ways to transmit onward. So the RNA viruses, the single-stranded RNA viruses, are particularly on the watch list for the disease scientists who study this field.","I'm Flora Lichtman, and this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with David Quammen about his book \"Spillover. \"Are we reservoir hosts for viruses that have caused pandemics in other animals?","Well, certainly we've caused disease. It does go the other way. It can go either direction whenever there's fairly close contact. For instance, Jane Goodall's chimps in Gombe in Tanzania, in the late '60s, suffered what seems to have been a little epidemic of polio. A number of the Gombe chimps died.","And that polio virus is thought to be non-zoonotic. It's thought to be a virus that only affects humans, but it's capable of passing from humans into chimps. So it seems to have made those chimps sick and killed some of them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The polio virus can pass from humans to chimpanzees.","questions":"Which virus can infect both humans and chimps?","answer":"Polio"}
{"text":["Jeffrey Dahmer in Milwaukee.","Right and Ted Bundy in Florida. I mean, if you look at the serial killers, the majority of them that abused animals prior to turning on humans - and even one admitted, I did it to see how the animal would die before I killed a human. It's just - it's amazing. School shooters, Pearl, Miss. , and Columbine, they all abused animals and killed animals prior to their shooting spree. So it's - the data's there and it's not just guesswork. It's actual documented data.","You've been a law enforcement professional. Are there people who say the last thing I need is more paperwork, more data?","Yeah, here's the thing. Law enforcement really hasn't grasped this problem yet. If you look back in the early '70s when domestic violence came up and how the laws changed and then law enforcement would go, say, well, if the woman's getting beat, why she won't leave the house?Well, we didn't understand. We'd understand the dynamics of domestic violence, and as that whole thing changed, it got better. And if you look at animal abuse right now, it's - can follow the same timeline. You can always - bet you it's within years that it's going to be the same timeline. You have to get - in order for this problem to be solved, you're going to have to get the legislators to create the laws, you're going to have to get law enforcement to enforce the laws, you're going to have to get prosecutors to prosecute and judges to convict."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is implying that some law enforcement professionals may be resistant to gathering and analyzing data on animal abuse because they view it as an added bureaucratic burden. This suggests that the speaker believes that some law enforcement officials may be unwilling to take the issue of animal abuse seriously or prioritize it as a potential indicator of violent behavior.","questions":"What is the problem that law enforcement has not grasped yet?","answer":"Understanding"}
{"text":["He did. When I - the first time I called him up, the conversation went like this: Hello?Alan Feuer. And I said, hey, it's Alan Feuer. And he went, oh, good man. I've been meaning to call you. And he really did talk like that. That is absolutely how he spoke.","So something out of - well, a kind of a cross between Franklin Delano Roosevelt and London.","Something like that. You know, the way I pictured it was those, you know, those Preston Sturges movies where, you know, it's almost like an Anglophilic-New York accent.","Oh, we use to call it Long Island lockjaw."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Long Island lockjaw refers to a particular accent.","questions":"Which term is used to describe a specific accent?","answer":"Lockjaw"}
{"text":["The rules were meant to give people more control over the data that the Internet providers collect about them. Telecom and cable companies were supposed to start getting explicit consent from customers before selling some of the more sensitive information, things related to finances or health. And there were other requirements for increased transparency and security.","So they were going to have to get your actual consent before they could sell that information, right?","The technical term was opt in.","So given that those rules won't be going into effect, does that mean, let's say, my Internet provider - say Comcast - can sell to an advertiser a package that says here's what Lulu Garcia-Navarro reads online and watches on TV?","Well, so practically that's unlikely. You might have seen some stories of activists pouncing back against the lawmakers who repealed the rules. Folks were raising tons of money online, tens of thousands of dollars, to presumably buy the browsing history and other data about those lawmakers themselves - sort of you sold our privacy, well, we will buy yours. But that's not exactly how this market works. You can't go to Comcast and say, give me everything you've got on Senator Jeff Flake. And frankly, the advertisers don't really sit around and say, let's go after Lulu or Alina. They say, let's go after all women in a particular age group in the Washington area, and then, they buy ad targeting for individuals in that cohort.","OK. So what data do Internet providers actually collect then?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Literally, the turn means that activists were raising money to buy the browsing history and other data about lawmakers who repealed the rules, and that advertisers do not target individuals but rather a specific group.","questions":"What was the purpose of activists raising money online?","answer":"Privacy"}
{"text":["Good morning, Ira.","Good morning to you. What evidence do you cite?What evidence is there that human intelligence is slowly declining?","Well, you know, there are a few things I'd like to say I guess at the onset, and you referred to them in your introduction, and that is any genetically based decay in intelligence is extremely slow. And so we should never be able to detect it by comparisons to people within generations existing right now on the Earth.","Rather, what we see is what you mentioned, an actual, probably recent, increase in intellectual ability. We know that our students are the brightest in generations. They score higher on tests than students ever have before. They take more complex courses earlier and accomplish more. So there's all these reasons to believe that at least recently what we see is an actual increase in intellectual ability."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There is an actual recent increase in intellectual ability among students.","questions":"Which ability is increasing among the students recently?","answer":"Intellectual"}
{"text":["Well, I think we're at an interesting crossroads, because modern medicine has had to acknowledge that there are other forms of medicine because of the way people are spending their dollar. People spend more money seeing alternative practitioners than they do in seeing their primary care doctors. They make more visits to alternative care. The problem is now, that modern medicine is seeking to determine what's efficacious. It's seeking to try to squeeze everything into a biomedical model, in terms of testing and creating whatever evidence that, you know, they need to create, to write an article.","But you can't really do this with energy medicine. So I think that what's going to happen is you're having stronger associations of people that are naturopaths, chiropractors, people doing craniosacral work. So what's happening is that people are getting skills in areas that are allowing them to encroach on things that have previously been treated just by modern medicine. So when you - so people - clinics and hospitals are going to have to move more in the direction of an integrated medical facility.","Well, Dr.  Kokayi, great to talk to you.","I appreciate the time and just to share and put those ideas out there.","Dr.  Kamau Kokayi is the medical director of Kokayi Health Center for Holistic Medicine. He also hosts the New York radio show Global Medicine Review."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People are spending more on alternative medicine than primary care.","questions":"Which type of practitioners are people having stronger associations with, allowing them to encroach on things that were previously treated only by modern medicine?","answer":"Naturopaths"}
{"text":["Moving around freely is hard to do in a conflict zone. And trust is hard. One official with Doctors Without Borders says she tried to understand why people were so angry at the Ebola response. And she asked one of her local staff why. And she told her it was because people there in that area have been suffering for so long. Her husband had been killed by militias. Three of her children had died of malaria. And no one - no aid organization, no government - has ever cared.","And now all the aid orgs are here because of Ebola. And people don't trust that they're there to help. They believe that these organizations are there to make money off of the response.","Is there a concern at this point that this outbreak could go beyond Congo?","It's a big concern. The World Health Organization just recently declared this outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. And that means that many more resources are pouring into Congo and neighboring countries. And now it's in Goma. And that presents a whole other challenge. It's the biggest city in eastern Congo. And it's a transit hub along the border with Rwanda. So, you know, there's definitely a worry that it can move from beyond Congo."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to move around in this context means to move from place to place, like moving from one house to another","questions":"What was the reason for people's anger towards the Ebola response according to the local staff mentioned by the official from Doctors Without Borders?","answer":"Indifference."}
{"text":["The attitude of the West and of Russia towards a crisis like Ukraine is diametrically different. The West is trying to establish the legality of any established border. For Russia, Ukraine is part of the Russian patrimony. A Russian state was created around Kiev about 1,200 years ago. Ukraine itself has been part of Russia for 500 years, and I would say most Russians consider it of Russian patrimony. The ideal solution would be to have a Ukraine like Finland or Austria that can be a bridge between these two rather than an outpost.","Mr.  Kissinger, every time we interview you, we hear from people who object, who say they have no interest in your opinion because of your role during the war in Vietnam, especially the bombing of Cambodia and Laos. How do you answer that?","They should study what is going on. I think we would find, if you study the conduct of guerilla-type wars, that the Obama Administration has hit more targets on a broader scale than the Nixon Administration ever did.","Is there not, though, a difference between a drone attack and carpet bombing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Please expand upon your thoughts and discuss what your experience has been to-date with the availability of dementia-related information.","questions":"Which topic does turn 1 actually address?","answer":"Crisis"}
{"text":["So the arch was selected by the director general of Antiquities and Museums himself as the first object for recreation. And we are in the process now of recreating it, for all appearances, be identical to the arch in terms of its physical appearance at the time of its destruction.","And will it be in the same place or just adjacent to the ruins?","So the plan now is for the arch to be displayed in three cities - in London and in New York and in Dubai. Then we've been invited by Syria to place the arch near the site in Palmyra where the original one stood. Now, needless to say, we'll need to ensure that we have all necessary permissions from our government and from the Syrian government before that happens. But that is the plan at the moment.","As I don't have to tell you, Mr.  Michel, digital reconstruction is getting so good it's created a controversy. And we've done stories in Bosnia and in Afghanistan where there are people who are concerned that these reconstructions, in their own way, try to expunge history."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : So the arch was selected by the director general of Antiquities and Museums himself as the first object for recreation. And we are in the process now of recreating it, for all appearances, be identical to the arch in terms of its physical appearance at the time of its destruction.  Implicated meaning: The speaker is referring to recreating the arch to the best of their ability to match its original physical appearance before it was destroyed. The implied meaning is that they are aiming for an accurate representation, rather than creating an exact replica.","questions":"How was the arch selected?","answer":"Director"}
{"text":["So you were ready to stand up for yourself?","Oh, absolutely, 100 percent.","Do you ever talk to the students that you went to college with recently, students who were maybe sometimes 60 years younger than you, about what you have lived and what you have gone through?Do you ever tell them these kinds of stories?","In some of my classes, some of the fellows would ask me about the segregated South. I would reveal to them, like in one instance, we had a history major and he was just tickled to death to learn this stuff firsthand from somebody who had actually been through it. Example, I used to tell him that at Norfolk Navy Yard, the drinking fountains and lavatories were all segregated - black, colored water and colored bathrooms, white bathrooms. And the white water always broke down and they drank the colored water."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"the white water always broke down and they drank the colored water.\" - The actual meaning could be, \"The facilities for white people were given better maintenance and resources, while the facilities for people of color were neglected and substandard.\" It may not necessarily mean that the actual water was colored or that people drank water of different colors.","questions":"How were the segregated facilities maintained?","answer":"Neglected"}
{"text":["It was pretty openly reported over these past couple of years that Secretary Mattis, General Kelly and Secretary of State Tillerson had a kind of working agreement not to leave President Trump on his own with major decisions. Was this always a little unworkable and even patronizing?I mean, Donald Trump was elected president, after all.","I would be astonished if that rumor were true because that would be an act of real unprofessionalism on all three of their parts. And I think all three of them are more professional than to have engaged in that. Moreover, as the history of it played out, it wasn't true, right (laughter)?So. . .","Another major story that might have been overlooked in a busy week - North Korea said this week it won't denuclearize until U. S.  withdraws forces from South Korea and Japan. Do you have. . .","That has. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : General Kelly, Secretary Mattis, and Secretary Tillerson were not supportive of President Trump","questions":"What was the working agreement between General Kelly, Secretary Mattis, and Secretary Tillerson regarding President Trump?","answer":"Not-Supportive"}
{"text":["You put us on this boat. I don't know when I'm going to get off. You flooded the Earth. Everybody else is dead. So explain that. She seems aggravated with God.","Yeah. I think she's so flummoxed by how they've gotten into this position. And why her?And why not others?And what it could mean - all these conversations that he seems to have with other people and not with her. And she - and yet to keep putting her in positions of godliness, where she's in charge of everything. And she has to make sure things survive. And yet she doesn't get to hear his reasoning or know him. And yeah, so I think she's coming from a point of just utter frustration at the start of the book. And then she's learning how to deal with that over the course of it.","I mean this next comment in the nicest way. But this is a very weird and strange book, right?There's supernatural elements. You play with the timeline. We go back and forth from the past to the future. There's an angel. There's a dead woman who makes appearances. Was weirdness what you were after?How did that come to be?","Yeah. That's got to be my favorite word."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is not an actual timeline but some things do change in time in the book that affect the future and the past.","questions":"How does the author play with time in the book?","answer":"timeline"}
{"text":["Yes. There are tens of thousands of North Koreans who are hiding in China today. At the peak in the late '90s, early 2000s, there were more than half a million. But in - about 25,000 have made it safely to South Korea where they're living today. And about 140, 150 have come to the United States, and there have been several hundred who've gone to Europe.","And this underground railroad, obviously the phrase we associate with escaped slaves from the South before the Civil War, but the analogy, you say, is apt.","The analogy is very similar. It's a secret network of safe houses and routes - secret routes across the country. It's staffed. It's operated mostly by Christians, similar to the original Underground Railroad, though there are also people who are in it for the money who are involved - brokers and human traffickers. And many of the people who help the North Koreans in China are ethnically Korean. That is they're Korean-Chinese or they're South Korean or there are - they are Americans who are of Korean heritage. I interviewed a number of the rescuers, and their stories are incredibly inspiring. Especially in this Christmas season, you think about these are people who are living their faith by going to a hostile country to help, and helping people that nobody else in the world is prepared to help.","And it's interesting. You tell the story of one of them: Adrian Hong."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The underground railroad for North Korean refugees is similar to that of the escaped slaves in the past.","questions":"Which railroad is being compared to the underground railroad for North Korean refugees?","answer":"underground"}
{"text":["Finally, Ron, lots of talk about Congress releasing the second half of this $700 billion bailout this week. Where do we stand with that?","Quite possible that Congress will get that done this week now that Barack Obama has asked George Bush, has asked the current president, to formally put in a request for that money. Congress has got a lot of questions about how this money is going to be spent, as it has questions about how the first half of the money was spent. So, they're going to resist. There's going to be some pushback. But it's quite possible the release will come this week.","NPR senior Washington editor Ron Elving. Thank you, Ron.","Thank you, Alex."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Barack Obama's request for the $700 billion bailout may expedite the process","questions":"Which president requested the $700 billion bailout to be released?","answer":"Barack_Obama"}
{"text":["I don't know how long people's memories are about that, Jackie, and I raised that because it seems that most people seemed to have understood that President Obama inherited this economic crisis, and yet there is a question as to how long they will allow him to enjoy the good feeling of support before they turn on him. . .","Right.","If things don't turn in the economy quickly.","Well, that's right. You know, we're all hemming and hawing about this package. All will be forgotten. What people will remember is whether or not they felt like it worked. I think, you know, all the polls suggest now that the people really know the he did inherit this. He has - there's no blame for it and it's a, you know, nobody really knows what to do, they're just sort of experimenting much as Franklin Roosevelt did, you know 70 years ago. And - but I think that he definitely has to be seen as competent and that was a big rap against George Bush, that overtime people of the overwhelming majority of Americans just thought he was proven incompetent in handling the economy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : hemming and hawing is another way of saying they were complaining.... A LOT","questions":"What is a phrase used to describe people's understanding of President Obama's inheritance of the economic crisis according to turn 2?","answer":"Inherited"}
{"text":["Well, so what I got really interested in was that when the coat showed up, it showed up in a black plastic package from China Post. So I thought I was buying a coat from some brand that represented itself as kind of this modern gentleman. You know, I was expecting it to have its headquarters, you know, in New York or San Francisco or Los Angeles or something. And this thing is shipped direct from a technology park in China.","So I kind of started thinking like, well, what is this brand?And I started diving into this new class of online retailer that use a tool called Shopify, which allows anyone to kind of spin up a retail store in five minutes; sucks products in from a service called AliExpress, which is sort of like Amazon but in China, and it's dedicated to kind of the export market for Chinese and other Asian manufacturers; and allows - basically - consumers in the U. S.  to take a different route into this manufacturing ecosystem, which makes so many clothes, which makes so many consumer goods, in Asia.","When you ordered this coat, were you genuinely surprised to be able to trace this stuff back, or was that the whole idea?","Well, no. I was genuinely surprised. I was literally - I had been tagged in the Facebook advertising system, which Instagram also uses, as someone who likes to buy clothes. And what I came to find was that this is a pretty widespread phenomenon."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn that has an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (2). The speaker is not talking about physically diving into something, but rather delving into the topic of a new class of online retailer that uses Shopify and AliExpress. The implied meaning is that the speaker has started researching and investigating this topic in depth","questions":"What tool allows anyone to spin up a retail store in five minutes according to the dialogue?","answer":"Shopify"}
{"text":["What the spoon is made of, of course, can change things because somebody else did some tests not that long ago with spoons made of different metals and found out that - what a lot of people believe - that different metal tastes different to your tongue - that for many people that's true. For some people, it's not so true. But they - these guys also played with things like what's the shape of the spoon?What's the color of the spoon?How heavy is it?All those things had some effect on people. The more interesting thing to me, at least today, is when people said the taste - that actually tasted different because of how it was served or what it was served in it. It was sweeter. It was saltier, whatever. You would think that couldn't change.","But it did. And one - I got about a few seconds here. But one of the more fascinating things, to me, from the study is that people were willing to pay almost 50 percent more for the same wine if it was served under a red light than if was under a white light.","Yeah, quite amazing, huh?And things served on different colored plates sometimes tasted sweeter to them.","Wow. Thank you, Marc. We'll see you again."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The taste of food is influenced by various factors such as the material, shape, color and weight of the utensils.","questions":"How is the taste of food affected?","answer":"Factors"}
{"text":["Alison Stewart's written a book that may make you contemplate whether to keep the book when you're done or give it to the Salvation Army. The book is \"Junk: Digging Through America's Love Affair With Stuff. \"Alison Stewart, the award-winning journalist, who's worked for every network, including this one where she hosted the beloved Bryant Park Project, joins us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us.","Oh, it's my pleasure, Scott.","This begins in your parents' basement.","It does. I had the task, as many Gen Xers and baby boomers do, of having to clean out my late parents' basement. And they were elegant, sophisticated people with a lovely home in Princeton, N. J. , but their basement - if I could have poured concrete in it and said I didn't know what happened, I would have. It was a severe junk situation. And they were children of the Great Depression and it was clear that that had made an impression on them and they really could not part with much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  It does.I had the task, as many Gen Xers and baby boomers do, of having to clean out my late parents' basement: This statement is implying that it is not just Alison who has had to go through the difficult task of cleaning out her parents' basement, but rather it is a problem that many people from her generation have to deal with.","questions":"What generation is Alison referring to?","answer":"Gen-Xers"}
{"text":["That's right, one of these men - yeah, there was a seafood, wholesale seafood dealer in Southern China, in the province of Guangdong, who got the nickname the poison king because he had infected so many other people. He got very sick, went into a hospital in the city of Guangzhou. He started to suffer respiratory blockage.","They intubated him, they put a tube down his throat to help him breathe, but in the course of doing that, he was - you know, he was spewing out virus, he was coughing and sputtering and spitting. And health care workers became infected just in the course of intubating him.","So he infected more than his share, and then there was the other fellow at the hotel who infected more than his share.","It really - your book really made me feel a huge debt of gratitude to people who work in the health care industry because it can be really heroic work, and it seems like they put their life on the line in some cases."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Health care workers are at risk of getting infected.","questions":"Which workers are at risk?","answer":"workers"}
{"text":["And to tell you the truth, I still feel so very, very sorry for that little girl, you know, for her utter helplessness. And that has made me really empathize with children and with situations where human beings become like children in terms of becoming utterly helpless. If anything good came out of that incident, was realizing that you need to empathize with these situations, and you need as much as it is in your power to try and prevent such things happening, not just child molestation, but being put in a position where you have no choice.","I mean, it's interesting that your previous book was ostensibly about the book \"Lolita. \"","Yeah, you're right.","Well, I'm just wondering, I mean, do you see yourself personally in Lolita?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to feel sorry for someone means that you feel sad for someone, or showing compassion","questions":"What is the feeling that the little girl evokes in A?","answer":"compassion"}
{"text":["Ron, tomorrow, President Obama will sign the stimulus bill in Denver, and then it's on to Phoenix, and then, he'll round out the end of the week with a trip to Canada. Why so much travel?","I think he's learning from the last few weeks. When he stayed in D. C. , the economic stimulus package got stalled. When he got back on the road, got back on the stump, the energy in the atmosphere changed quickly. And being the campaign Barack. being in campaign mode, talking back to Washington from out in the country, that worked better than being the Washington Barack Obama talking to the country. He wants this symbolic energy to be flowing in that direction. He wants to be the voice of the people talking to the federal government, not the symbol of the federal government talking to the people.","NPR senior Washington editor Ron Elving. Thanks, Ron.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Obama wants to be seen as the voice of the people.","questions":"What is Obama's desired identity?","answer":"Phoenix"}
{"text":["No. There have not been significant infrastructure improvements since that storm. County voters passed a $2. 5 billion bond a year ago, but these projects take time, and most are still in the design phase. They haven't started construction. And the city of Houston doesn't have a comparable funding source, and so the city and county are both mostly waiting on federal aid for disaster recovery. And that's been extremely slow to arrive.","Help me understand this a little bit better here. Is there a political consensus in the area about what needs to be done?Does that exist?","Probably mostly yes to that. I think people agree that we need to do more projects, dig more detention basins, accelerate widening and deepening of the bayous, the streams and rivers that run through the area. I think most people are generally on the same page about that. It's just a question of money. But you've got to remember that our infrastructure, even at current standards, is only designed to accommodate maybe one or two inches of rain per hour, and the county got four, five, six inches of rain in one hour. And some areas got 30 inches in little more than a day, when our region usually - the city usually gets 50 inches of rain in a year. No infrastructure system is going to be able to handle that kind of storm without flooding.","Maybe people aren't ready for this conversation yet. Are people marrying the bigger conversation about climate change with the local conversation about infrastructure?Are people ready to talk about that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Marrying two topic implies that people are grouping them together even if they are different.","questions":"What does turn 3 imply about the connection between climate change and infrastructure in the local conversation?","answer":"Grouping"}
{"text":["Prime Minister Boris Johnson asked the queen to suspend Parliament - a very British coup, as many of his critics say, or a way to force Parliament to work out Brexit three years-plus after voters voted for him.","Or perhaps a device to get Parliament out of the way and allow Boris and the Brexiteers to finally leave the EU even without a deal. And the EU has said it is done negotiating. So this fall, Britain may leave the European Union and do it in the most disruptive and unpredictable way imaginable. So for the residents of Britain, this is rather like watching a hurricane bear down on them, feeling helpless to stop it and unable to escape.","The romance between the president and Fox News seemed to have everything going for it. What happened?","(Laughter) It does seem to have cooled. Weeks ago, the president started complaining about the opinion polls he saw on Fox News. They were showing his approval rating as low as most of the other media and academic polls. So he called that fake news."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The person thinks that the good feelings have lessened a bit.","questions":"Which turn suggests that the relationship between someone and Fox News has changed?","answer":"Changed"}
{"text":["Didn't Elon Musk know all this before he sent out that memorable tweet on August 7?","Well, a lot of people think he should have. Let's go back to that August 7 when he sent out that tweet and said I'm considering taking the company private, funding secured at $420 a share. And analysts immediately were very dubious that Musk could pull this off. Where would he get the 10 billions of dollars to take the company private?Did he really have the funding secured as he claimed?And that is something that the Securities and Exchange Commission is investigating, according to multiple reports. And Musk said at the time - or Musk said that two-thirds of the investors would stick with Tesla if it went private, but he really had no way of knowing that.","And why did he want to take the company private in any case?","Well, he's always chafed at the demands of Wall Street - the quarterly earnings reports, the pesky questions from analysts. He famously called one analyst's question boring and boneheaded on an earnings call earlier this year. But perhaps even more than all this, Musk. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : boneheaded implies being stupid or stubborn, and not a head full of bones","questions":"What does the term \"boneheaded\" imply?","answer":"Stupid"}
{"text":["Yes. In Los Angeles, we made a commitment a number of years ago to only purchase any new buses into our fleet that would operate on alternative fuels. And what we have today is the largest compressed natural gas bus fleet in the country. And that's doing a lot to help improve our air quality here.","What's the difference between compressed natural gas and regular gasoline in terms of, you know, how it affects the environment?","Well compressed natural gas is a much cleaner fuel.","You know, let's just take a look at Los Angeles' demographics. You have people from incredibly wealthy to incredibly poor. You have immigrants, native-born people who've come here from other parts of the U. S. , people, of course, who were born here. How do you think L. A. 's demographics affect the need for public transportation?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Compressed natural gas is a cleaner fuel option compared to regular gasoline.","questions":"How is compressed natural gas compared to regular gasoline in terms of cleanliness?","answer":"cleaner"}
{"text":["Conceivably they can, if there is an issue or something that's hanging fire that is of tremendous interest to the voters. I don't think Troopergate up in Alaska has ever really captured the voters' imagination. There are some people who have been following it closely, there was one determination by the legislative committee that was looking at it, now we have a somewhat different one from the executive committee. I don't think the election has been about Troopergate.","As for the death of Senator Obama's grandmother, certainly that is a tragic timing of this event, if in fact Barack Obama were to be elected president tonight, for his grandmother to have died just one day shy of having witnessed this, would be sad indeed. But whether that is going to change people's votes again, I think is unlikely.","Well Ron, we look forward to talking to you as the result unfold and we continue our coverage.","Indeed we will."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Hanging fire\" is an expression meaning to delay. Here, the issue is whether there's some issue that hasn't had an impact on the vote, but will do so before Election Day.","questions":"How was the issue described by A?","answer":"Tremendous"}
{"text":["Boy, melodrama going on, on the Washington football club whose team name I refuse to utter. Coach Shanahan benching Robert Griffin III for the rest of the season - good idea or. . .","Well, it's all part of a bigger power play. The big problem is the owner. The problem with the Redskins goes back to Daniel Snyder. He's worse than George Steinbrenner, worse than Marge Schott; worse than all of them. He's one of the worst owners that you could possibly have. When he started, he had past-prime players with Deion Sanders and Bruce Smith trying to make a splash.","We're about to run out of time. Not much time for many more worse, yes?","Awful. He's just bad."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Washington football team is in chaos due to their controversial name and the coach's decision to bench Robert Griffin III.","questions":"How is the Washington football team?","answer":"Chaos"}
{"text":["Mr.  Mayor, in the half a minute we have left, there a lot of people listening to you. A lot of people will be becoming familiar with Beaufort today. They might be moved to help. How can they?","Well, that's a great question. Let us do the initial damage assessment first. And again, I think the biggest thing right now is for those that did evacuate, please standby, be patient with us as we kind of blaze a path for you to return - a safe path for your return.","Rett Newton is the mayor of Beaufort, N. C.  Mr.  Mayor, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The listeners might be motivated to offer help.","questions":"Which emotion might the listeners feel after hearing the statement in turn 0?","answer":"motivated"}
{"text":["I would disagree that they are a gift. You know, for one thing, they are going not necessarily to the insurance companies. They're ultimately going to low-income Americans to help them afford their co-payments and afford their deductibles. So, you know, on that level, they don't seem like a bailout or a gift to the insurance companies. They are required by the law. The law requires these subsidies to be made. So they're really - you know, I see them as part of the Affordable Care Act and not necessarily a bailout.","The president has also said, Sarah, that the insurance companies, in his words, made a fortune with Obamacare. Is that true?What do the numbers show?","The numbers are a lot more mixed. The best data on this probably comes from the nonprofit Kaiser Family Foundation, which looks at quarterly margins - so how much insurance companies have each quarter leftover after paying out all those claims. In 2014 and 2015, insurance companies had a quarterly margin of just about $20 a person. That's not a ton of money. It's gone up as the Obamacare markets have stabilized.","In 2016, it was about $90 a person, so it's definitely getting better. But the insurance markets - you know, I've covered them since they launched. And they've really been a very rocky experience for insurance companies financially. They didn't know how to price at first. People were sicker than they expected. It's only in the past year that insurance companies have made decent profits there, but I think of them as a mixed bag when it comes to financial performance."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Insurance companies did not make a significant profit from Obamacare in the beginning.","questions":"How much was the quarterly margin of insurance companies in 2014 and 2015?","answer":"$20"}
{"text":["Good morning, Renee.","First, that citizenship question. In just a matter of days, it's been on, it's been off. Now the president says he wants it on again. What's going on there?","The Supreme Court said last month, you could have it but only with good justification. And the Supreme Court has ruled before that the census is supposed to count everyone and not just citizens, as it has always. Then, the president said yesterday he had four or five ways that he could get this question back on. But executive orders, which were one of the ways he mentioned, do not supersede court orders. So the president is still going to have to have something that pleases the court.","And yesterday, a federal judge in Maryland ordered further discovery in this case, meaning people from Commerce and the Justice Department are going to have to answer questions about this question, where it came from. And yesterday, in court, the lawyers for the administration admitted that, at this point, they don't know what to say.","The president has also been tweeting about another big story, the conditions at Border Patrol detention centers. Yesterday, he said many of the migrants held there were - and I'm quoting - \"living far better now than they were where they came from and in safer conditions. \"I mean, that's not what a report from the Department of Homeland Security's own Office of the Inspector General said this week. It - that report warned about dangerous overcrowding and prolonged detention without proper food or hygiene or laundry facilities - very big difference."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The administration is unsure of how to defend their stance on the citizenship question.","questions":"Which question did the federal judge in Maryland order further discovery on?","answer":"question"}
{"text":["Obviously, when I was at FreedomWorks, we weighed in in supported of Ted Cruz very early in his primary challenge in Texas. So I'm a big Ted Cruz fan. But I think the fundamental differences between what I would call Donald Trump's authoritarian tendencies - he's all about what he would do as president. And you never hear him talk about the Constitution, you never hear him talk about the Bill of Rights, you never hear about him and the rule of law. Whereas Ted Cruz wears that stuff on his sleeve.","How do you analyze Mr.  Trump's rise?What do you think he's tapping into?","Well, there's two things going on. One is a clear sense of economic anxiety and the feeling amongst a lot of voters that the country's headed in the wrong direction combined with a sense that Washington doesn't really give a damn. The other thing that's going on, which I think is more fundamental and I think both Republicans and Democrats are struggling to understand this, is a transformational moment in politics. It's more disintermediated. The party bosses no longer get to decide who the choice is. And with the ability to drive your own message and organize your own get-out-the-vote machine without the party's blessing, all sorts of candidates have become competitive. Donald Trump is definitely part of that, although he's sort of the odd man out because he's more of a cult of personality.","Is he though, at the same time, tapping into some of the sentiment that you and the tea party began to raise?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Donald Trump's success is partly due to the ability of individuals to spread their message without the support of the political establishment.","questions":"What is one reason for Donald Trump's success according to the statement mentioned?","answer":"Individuals"}
{"text":["And there are a lot of road riders or mountain bikers or anyone who is more of an enthusiast - they're paying $2,000, $3,000, $4,000 for a bike, and that same percentage price increase will apply to them as well. The bike doesn't get any cheaper because of the tariffs or the kind of bike riding you like to do. So bike prices will probably go up, you know, $1,000 on a $4,000 bike.","How soon do you think that this impact will be felt?","I think it'll be felt by the end of the summer. So anything that's manufactured and delivered after June 1 will cost more to import into the U. S.  And so that price will be seen in these mom and pop shops that rely on sometimes a shrinking consumer base to sell their products to.","And if the price goes up to that degree, what effect is this going to have on these shops?","Well, a bicycle isn't like a gallon of milk, you know?The demand can fluctuate. And so the demand for bicycles will probably go down. We're seeing bike shops close because in some areas, the demand for bicycling is going down. And this is a huge blow if you consider anyone having to sell bikes 25% to 50% increase in price."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \"A bicycle isn't like a gallon of milk, you know? The demand can fluctuate.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is that the demand for a bicycle can fluctuate, unlike the demand for a gallon of milk. The actual meaning is that the demand for bicycles may decrease due to the increase in prices, and it will not remain constant like the demand for a gallon of milk.","questions":"What can happen to the demand for bicycles due to an increase in prices?","answer":"Decrease"}
{"text":["The Fed's dual mission is always the same - to control inflation and encourage full employment. Now, right now, the numbers say that the Fed's done a pretty good job tapping the accelerator and tapping the brake when they've seen fit. But it is not their job to make sure that the president looks good. And so that's a source of real conflict between these institutions.","As we noted, the president has arrived in France for the G-7 meeting. He seems to also be using the occasion to get closer to Russia once more.","And apparently proposing that Russia be brought back into the group, an idea that's already been rejected today by the European Council president. This is one way that Trump uses Vladimir Putin and that relationship to perhaps pressure some of our allies more toward his positions. But it's also at least potentially a way in which Putin can use Trump to weaken the European alliance and advance his own agenda.","Ron, there has been so much violence and death this summer. And we know opinion polls show the American public broadly supports, for example, red flag laws in hopes of averting mass shootings. Congress seems to differ with the American public when it comes to trying to control access to guns."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"tapping the accelerator and tapping the brake\" refers to the rate at which inflation is increased within this context.","questions":"How did the Fed do their job?","answer":"Control"}
{"text":["You mean the wall, the proposed wall.","Correct - fencing. And I believe that, in terms of targeting sanctuary cities, I think law enforcement - local law enforcement should refer to federal authorities people who they detain, undocumented immigrants who have criminal record. So I support that. At the same time, I do believe that we need to find a way to deal constructively with undocumented immigrants, the majority of whom pose no threat to our communities. And right now the Republican Party seems to be stuck, not willing to deal constructively with undocumented immigrants. And that's the key. So I'm hopeful that, you know, if we secure the border, we remove undocumented immigrants who have criminal records - that, eventually, Congress could deal in a more humane, constructive way with undocumented immigrants.","Just very briefly, do you think that this bill is a nonstarter?","I think so. I think it's not going anywhere. I think he did it to please his base, to energize his base. But, frankly, it goes nowhere."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"At the same time, I do believe that we need to find a way to deal constructively with undocumented immigrants, the majority of whom pose no threat to our communities.\"","questions":"Which immigrants does PersonA believe pose no threat to our communities?","answer":"Undocumented"}
{"text":["Yesterday, in a letter to Congress, Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said that significant uncertainty now exists with regard to unresolved tax and spending policies for 2013, but we didn't really need Timothy Geithner to tell us that. Ron Elving is with us. He's NPR's senior Washington editor, and he joins me here in Studio 3A to help us make sense of what's happening in Washington as this deadline looms closer like a shadow approaching. Right, Ron?Welcome back to TALK OF THE NATION.","Good to be with you, Celeste.","Explain to me what's going on 'cause, first, we heard there may be a proposal from the president, then we heard there's no proposal from the president. Where do the negotiations stand?","The Senate is here. The president is here. They appear to be talking. The president was on the phone before he left Hawaii with the Republican and Democratic leaders of both the House and Senate. And apparently in one of the conversations that he had, either last night or after he got back here today, he intimated in some way to the Republican leader in the Senate - now, of course he's the minority leader in the Senate, as the Republicans are under 50 percent in that body - and Mitch McConnell got the message one way or another that the president was going to put something new on the table later on today. And so his people came out and told all the reporters on Capitol Hill, we're getting something from the president today, stay tuned."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Timothy Geithner's statement on tax and spending policies is not surprising","questions":"How did Mitch McConnell receive the message from the president?","answer":"Message"}
{"text":["Sure. So one rule that was actually finalized on Halloween at about 4:30 or so on a Friday has to do with confined animal feeding operations, and those are industrial farms. And basically it allows the companies that run those farms to voluntarily apply for permits to discharge waste from these industrial farms into streams, rivers and things like that. The sort of catch is that there is not really much enforcement in terms of whether, you know, the farm that's applying for the permit actually discharges enough waste to apply for that permit. So it really leaves a lot - a great degree of the discretion onto the industry itself. So that's one. . .","So it's deregulation?","Right.","Of course, the financial deregulation issue, whether or not - how much financial industry should be regulated is a big issue, but also, in California, you had a whole look and a proposition that passed that was about this kind of issue, about how densely animals should be kept together. But you mentioned reproductive freedom. What is the regulation change on that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The permit system for industrial farms is flawed and allows companies to discharge waste into streams and rivers without much enforcement.","questions":"Which type of farms are allowed to discharge waste into streams and rivers?","answer":"Industrial"}
{"text":[". . . He maintained a hold too long. That hold became deadly force. . .","Right.",". . . That his commissioner decided was not necessary at the point that it was being used.","However, there was a long review of not just the commissioner. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A case of police brutality is being investigated and all involved are subject to that investigation","questions":"Which investigation?","answer":"Long"}
{"text":["(Laughter) I have no idea. I know that the pope - his five most famous words may be - who am I to judge?- which is about gay people. And I know that he has gay friends. You know, one of the people that he met with during his papal visit in the United States was a gay friend and his partner. So he's open to what he calls a culture of encounter and accompaniment. He's certainly in favor of listening to people and meeting them where they are. And so on that page, you know, we agree.","You suggest in a couple of sections of the book that there must be priests who are LGBT, but they are faithful to their vows of chastity.","Yeah, I know them. And, you know, by saying that a priest is gay, it doesn't mean that he's breaking his promise of celibacy or his vow of chastity or, you know, lesbian nuns. And one of the challenges for the church is to recognize these people and to see them as the gifts that they are as all LGBT people are to the church. They are gifts, beloved children of God who bring certain gifts and certain talents to our church, to the community.","Father James Martin - his book, \"Building A Bridge: How The Catholic Church And The LGBT Community Can Enter Into A Relationship Of Respect, Compassion, And Sensitivity\" - thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : advocating for the recognition of these individuals within the church and emphasizing that their sexual orientation should not diminish their inherent value and contributions as beloved children of God.","questions":"What is the challenge for the church regarding LGBT individuals?","answer":"Recognition"}
{"text":["Well, Secretary Kerry has been talking about this idea of a transitional government. It's kind of - if you remember, back in January they tried a ceasefire that was disrespected by both sides because it told people to stop fighting. It didn't address why they were fighting, which was to control the government.","So now there's a conversation that Kerry's having with both President Kiir and over the phone with the rebel leader, Riek Machar, saying, OK, you guys need to sit down and discuss a transitional government that will include both tribes, but - at least we're reading between the lines here - probably not include either of you guys. Now, whether he can get that across might be possible. The U. S.  does have a lot of power in this region. But it really does depend on these two sides sitting down.","Greg, the U. N.  special adviser says there's, quote, \"the risk of genocide. \"That will make a lot of people wonder if we're on the verge of another Rwanda or Bosnia.","One very chilling account was before the recent massacre in Bentiu. Rebel commanders were said to have used a local radio station to tell men to commit acts of rape against women from the ethnic opposition. That reminds people of Rwanda. The true fear - and this is already happening - is that this hate speech will blur the line between civilian and combatant."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) The implication of this turn is that the U.N. special adviser believes that this conflict has the potential to be as destructive and deadly as the genocides in Rwanda and Bosnia.","questions":"How does the U.N. special adviser describe the potential outcome of the conflict?","answer":"Destructive"}
{"text":["Yeah. The embassy guards, it's kind of a, you know, a misperception. In any embassy they essentially protect the chancellery in the embassy and the ambassador's residence itself, and particularly to, you know, you get them into a safe place if there is an attack or to - and if that fails, to destroy the classified material and so forth.","They're not responsible for the overall external or internal security of the embassy compound per se. They can augment that and they have if necessary, but there is a diplomatic security mission that does that sort of thing, and then - obviously which didn't happen on this case. You're hoping that you've got a competent external protection from the host nation, which is responsible for the safety of the entire compound.","We're talking with retired Marine Colonel Gary Anderson about lessons learned from before and during the attack in Benghazi. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And any number of recommendations were made by the Pickering Mullen report. As you look at those, are they going to address the kinds of interagency communications problems that you're worried about?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Embassy guards are not responsible for the overall security of the embassy compound.","questions":"Which part of the embassy compound's security is not the responsibility of embassy guards?","answer":"Security"}
{"text":["Oh, by all means. I mean, the family in particular has been just, I mean, courageous. I've been at this 50 years now, and sometimes families withdraw, and we understand that. But this family has been a model of participation in all of the rallies, the demonstrations that we've had, and some of the members will be arrested. Therefore, they have sent a message across the city, indeed across the nation, rallying young people because Sean was about 22, 23, rallying young people to this cause.","Now, you and Reverend Sharpton's National Action Network were involved in protests around the shooting death of Amadou Diallo. Civil disobedience played a big role in those protests. What do you think those protests taught you, or what did you learn from them?","Well, you know, we've been doing this across the years. There's nothing new about a civil disobedience. But having 1,200 people arrested in a daily civil disobedience venture is phenomenal. It made an impact upon the police department itself and upon the politics in New York. Giuliani was the mayor at that time.","We hope that we will have a residential law. That is to say that policemen should live where they work. So that would mean you kill where you live. And I suspect that if you're going to kill where you live, you'll be more inclined not to kill, and we hope that there would be an independent civilian complaint review board that would review the behavior of the police."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Protests involving civil disobedience had a significant impact on the politics and police department of New York.","questions":"Which impact did the protests have on the politics and police department of New York?","answer":"Politics"}
{"text":["I agree. I was shocked - really shocked - when I found them. And then many things happened to me with Chopin through my life.","Such as?","Well (laughter), you're not going to believe this if you don't believe in the unknown normal. But I had a death mask of Chopin given to me. Some friends came over, and they said, what's that?I said, it's death mask of Chopin. That's what they used to do in those days. When someone died, they'd get someone to put wax on his face and make this death mask as a memorial. I took it off - down. I said, please be careful with it because it's, you know, very unique. There are only two or three in the world. My wife was there. My son was there - he was about 17 - and these two friends. And, suddenly, a fluid started coming out of one of the eyes. And I put my hand into this fluid, and it was salty. So I guess there was no question in my mind these were tears. What I felt was that Chopin was happy that he could communicate somehow with the current world.","You know, I learned one thing. People who are negative about these kinds of unknown normal things - they will never change. They'll always find another way that it could've happened or try to find another way that it could've happened. But I just give up try to convince them because they won't ever be convinced. The ones who are skeptics - once they hear about it, they say, oh, actually, it's real."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4): Implied meaning: Advising to not waste energy in trying to convince people who are negative about unknown normal things, since it is not possible to change their mindset.","questions":"Which sentence implies that some people will never be convinced about unknown normal things?","answer":"Convinced"}
{"text":["This is going to be a really interesting hearing today. I'm going to see if the judge approves these requests from the plaintiffs who want to see more documents being released from the Trump administration as well as they want to see the judge to possibly order more depositions, more officials sitting down for questioning to try to get a bottom of this - these claims. And this could possibly affect - if there's additional documents released, additional testimony - this could affect the ruling that the Supreme Court is expected to release by the end of this month.","That's the final judge here. The Supreme Court will be ruling on this.","Exactly. We're watching to see what the justices say. And it's a very tight deadline. July 1 is when the Census Bureau says that printing has to start for the 2020 census forms.","Hansi, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The hearing could have an impact on the Supreme Court ruling.","questions":"Which ruling could be affected?","answer":"Supreme"}
{"text":["What Bonnie Raitt song, may I ask?","O'NEILL: \"I Can't Make You Love Me. \"","(Singing) Here in the dark, in these final hours, I will lay down my heart and I'll feel the power. . .","Kate O'Neill, who wrote about her sister, Maddie Linsenmeir in the Vermont Weekly Seven Days, thank you so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is mentioning a song that reflects their current emotions.","questions":"What song is the speaker referring to?","answer":"Love"}
{"text":["The American Medical Association has largely stayed on the sidelines of political fights over the past 30 years or so. But a North Dakota law set to go into effect next month is spurring the doctor's group to get involved now. The law will require doctors in North Dakota to tell patients that medically induced abortions can be reversed. Now, there's no scientific evidence to support that claim, and the AMA is taking the state to court over it and another existing abortion law. Julie Rovner covers health policy at Kaiser Health News. She joins us now.","Welcome back to the program, Julie.","Thanks for having me.","We just described one of these laws. What's the other one, and why is the AMA concerned about it?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The AMA is getting involved in politics due to North Dakota law on medically induced abortions.","questions":"Which law is the American Medical Association concerned about in addition to the North Dakota law?","answer":"Abortion"}
{"text":["Well, I think they'll help fill in some of the gaps that the U. S.  commander there, General John Nicholson, talked about in his testimony earlier this year. He needs some more forces to be able to get out with Afghan units as advisers. He needs more forces to do the counterterrorism mission against a Islamic State force there that's growing in strength.","And so it's simply going to be a gap-filler in many respects. I don't think it's going to be some type of a decisive increment of troops, and all of a sudden it's going to turn around the battlefield results and make this a war that we're suddenly winning when those troops get deployed.","And does it strike you, though, that in trying to come up with a new strategy, there are really any more options than have been on the table in past administrations who have been trying hard - and much blood and treasure has been spilled - in trying to answer these very same questions for many, many years now?","I think there's some potential different openings here. You've got a very different president with a very different outlook about American commitments around the world. I think he is going to consider all options, including a zero option, potentially, for Afghanistan."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The deployment of additional troops is not expected to have a significant impact on the outcome of the war or lead to a sudden victory.","questions":"What is the expected impact of the deployment of additional troops?","answer":"No"}
{"text":["And in most car journeys, he'd be playing me music and reciting poetry. So it was really extraordinary being a daughter of such a man.","Rebecca, I mentioned earlier how I grew up in a very religious family. I don't go to church that much anymore. Actually, I don't go at all. So I'm wondering, for you, where is your faith now?Do you still have it?","No one's asked me that question (laughter). I would say that one of the things I expected from this book was that it would lay some ghosts for me, and I think it has. I still cannot open the Bible without hearing the sound of those men using scriptures almost like rapiers with each other. They knew the Bible inside out, so they would use one scripture to trump another. And it was all men locking horns, you know. So it's hard for me not to see the Bible full of words that have been used for warfare, if you like.","And yeah, I've been surprised at the effect on me of writing the book and also of the many, many people who have written to me, ex-Brethren - I would say 70 or 80 by now - beautiful letters from elderly people writing to me to say, the Brethren was a terrible thing. We all lived through it - and telling me their stories but saying, I came to find a kinder God and kinder Christians outside. And I've been really moved by how much people have wanted me to know about their kinder God."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of the question is whether Rebecca still holds faith in her religious upbringing and if she has found a different source of faith. ","questions":"What was Rebecca's response to the question about her faith?","answer":"Ghosts"}
{"text":["Yeah.","Well, Mayor Belangia, good luck. I hope I see Oriental someday. It sounds like a lovely place.","Please do. You will fall in love with it.","And I'll bring a loaf of bread for you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meaning of (4) is that B is expressing appreciation for the invitation, and that he will bring something as a gift when he visits.","questions":"How is PersonB expressing appreciation?","answer":"Gift"}
{"text":["Blowing on them?","Yeah.","Well, it depends on how cold it is. You know, that's probably the toughest thing is the fingers. I mean, your fingers get to the point they just don't want to work. I suppose there's electric gloves and there's motorcycle gear. You can buy whole heated suits and stuff and have a battery pack on you. But as long as you're hustling and you're moving, it doesn't seem to affect you as much.","So if they make the movie about the heating, ventilation and air conditioner man, who plays the hero?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"who plays the hero?\" - The literal meaning is asking for the identity of the person who plays the lead role in a movie, but the actual meaning in context is a sarcastic response to the previous conversation about staying warm, suggesting that there is no hero in that situation.","questions":"Which question in the dialogue implies a sarcastic response?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["Has this ever been done before, I mean, even with other types of energy like oil and gas for example?","That's not how we have historically done oil and gas use or exploration. Again, we're talking on public land. It's not been how we've done it. It is the way we've tried in recent years to think about the Endangered Species Act. Instead of looking at each little place when a question comes up and say is this an endangered habitat, is this a problem, look at large areas, ecosystems, chunks that make sense together.","Try to highlight what the problems are in that area so that subsequent development proposals are not - don't start from ground zero. Information's been gathered and looked at in a more systematic way. I mean, programmatic environmental impact assessments have been allowed ever since NEPA passed back in the 1970s.","It hasn't been used very often. I think that the Interior Department should get a lot of credit for using it this time."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Environmental impact assessments have been allowed since NEPA passed, but programmatic assessments are now used to gather information in a more systematic way for subsequent development proposals.","questions":"How have environmental impact assessments been used since NEPPersonA passed?","answer":"Allowed"}
{"text":["Yeah. Despite the ongoing uproar and concern created by the firing of James Comey, you have a lot of bipartisan support for Christopher Wray. He said a lot of the right things this week when it came to what what senators wanted to hear, what they were asking about. He said he would be independent if he ran the FBI. He said he would not pull any punches.","And he was asked several times, what would you do if the president asked you to do something illegal or unethical?He said, first, I would try to change his mind, and if he didn't do that, I would quit. So Democrats seem to hear what they wanted to hear. And there could be a vote on his nomination in the next couple of weeks.","Republicans released a revised health care bill - as popular as the first one was?","Just about, it seems, with the public. But I think where it matters more is, is it more popular within the Republican caucus?And it seems to be a tad more popular right now. But this bill is still right on a danger zone in terms of whether or not it can pass. You have two senators in the Republican caucus saying they're not going to vote for it. They can't lose any other Republican support and still get this bill passed."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) He said he would try to change his mind, and if he didn't do that, he would quit - Implied meaning: He would not follow the president's orders if they were illegal or unethical.","questions":"Which senator said they would quit if the president asked them to do something illegal or unethical?","answer":"Quit"}
{"text":["It's really interesting. You know, they've been involved on and off in sort of smaller ways. But you know, they put out a press release. They're filing lawsuits. There's a lot of speculation as to why now. Some of it may be just they feel like these laws have finally gone too far. Some of it may be there's a woman president of the AMA and a woman past president and there'll be a woman president next year. For a group that's long been older, whiter and more male, that's changing.","So what kind of stance had they taken in the past?","Well, the AMA has been kind of everywhere on abortion. The AMA in the late 1800s led the fight to make abortion illegal in the United States. That was part of their effort to sort of centralize power over the medical profession. They wanted to get rid of unlicensed practitioners like midwives, who had traditionally been involved with women's reproductive health. And they really didn't change that position until just before Roe v.  Wade. And even when Roe v.  Wade happened, the effort to liberalize abortion laws in the U. S.  was really led by the legal profession, not by the medical profession.","You reached out to the American Medical Association - seems like maybe they're not so comfortable with this new stance. Can you tell us what you learned?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The American Medical Association's membership demographics are changing.","questions":"Which association's demographic is shifting?","answer":"American"}
{"text":["It's a lot. . .",". . . Yes.","It's a lot of money to most people around the country.","And congressman, you know, if - let me understand this, are you calling for the outright abolition of the program?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is stating that the amount of money being discussed is significant not just to themselves, but also to most people in the country. This suggests that there may be financial hardship or inequality that the speaker is aware of.","questions":"What does the speaker suggest about the financial situation of most people in the country?","answer":"Financial"}
{"text":["Yeah. I think anybody I grew up with could have said that. Anybody that I'm friends with now in Hazelwood, Haywood County, could say that. That's the reality of people who have nothing. They all know what it's like to miss a meal or to have the lights turned off or to have to decide - do I make my car payment, or do I pay my health insurance?That's a common theme that bridges the gap all across this country. And the unifying thing about that is poverty.","You also talk about addiction. The opioid crisis, as we know, is enormous right now. And you say that people just want to be listened to. What is the story that we aren't hearing?","I think - where that part of that essay came was I'd sat with the man who was interviewing me. And he said - when we were off-camera, he said, you know, I don't understand what would lead somebody to use methamphetamine or heroin. He said, I went to Chapel Hill in the '60s and, believe me, I experimented with drugs.","And what I thought was, your recreational drug use in the '60s is not what I'm talking about. I'm talking about people with $20 in their pocket who feel that the weight of the world is on their shoulders. And the only escape they can get from that is found in a bottle or found in a vial or found in a bag. That's the type of addiction I'm talking about. And I think, until you're willing to recognize that, you're having the wrong conversation."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is implying that the interviewer's drug use in the 1960s is not comparable to the type of addiction that he is talking about.","questions":"Which type of addiction is the speaker talking about?","answer":"struggling"}
{"text":["So this is all being done because the government's in debt?","Well, that was sort of the impetus for all of this. They have brought in a lot of revenue. And the government, anticipating that some people would say, hey, it can't be worth your time and effort to go after these small, old debts. The process of going after them's going to cost you more than you bring in. So they've done an analysis that actually shows that they are bringing in more money than it costs to go make the collections. So to that end, they say that they're saving the taxpayers money.","When I asked the Social Security folks who came up with this idea to go after these old debts, they said, well, go talk to Treasury. I went to Treasury. They said, well, go talk to Congress. I went to Congress. They said, oh, it had to be somebody back in Treasury or somewhere in the bureaucracy. So no one is willing to step up and take credit for this. And now that this story has appeared, there's kind of a circling the wagons and it's not - no one wants to be associated with this at this point.","Marc Fisher, who's senior editor at The Washington Post. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is that no one is taking credit for the decision to go after old debts owed to the government. However, the implied meaning is that there is a lack of accountability and transparency within the government, as no one is willing to take responsibility for the decision.","questions":"What is the reason behind the lack of willingness to take credit for the decision?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["Yeah, it is. And there are also quite a few international news networks just outside the courtroom. But you see, the press are allowed in the courtroom. And for myself, I work for the news agency, and we are actually writing down everything that's said in the courtroom and publishing that. So you can't really film or you can't broadcast on television or - and on the radio, but in print and on the Web, everything is published basically.","And what has been the reaction of those who survived the attack and those who are related to the victims?","They've been very calm. They've been - I don't know - there were many speculations in advance what could happen during a trial like this because you should see that 77 deaths in Norway is more than twice the annual death rate and the murder rate in Norway. So 77 victims in one day is something we haven't really thought in our wildest dreams could ever happen. So the - I think the expectations were quite - anything could happen, but what's happened in reality is everything has been very calm. The victims and their families are in the courtroom and in, actually, 17 different courtrooms around the country watching the trial. But it has been very calm in very respectful way of - I mean, how the trial has gone so far.","And what will they do to mark the anniversary?","Actually, I don't know. There's been a lot of speculations, but one thing is certain, it will be all over the country. There will be the - what you say, markings, but how, we don't know yet."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They never had wild dreams about it but mean that 77 victims is more than anyone would have ever thought would happen.","questions":"What was the death rate in Norway before the attack?","answer":"twice"}
{"text":["So, you've got a lot of expenses. How are you coping with those expenses right now?","Well, the thing is, I'm, you know, it's almost paycheck to paycheck. I don't have much savings. In fact, I have very little savings. We eat in. We don't go out anymore. And as far as buying clothing, forget about that. I haven't bought a decent pair of shoes in months.","Your daughter is getting ready to go to college in a few years. Has she thought about where she wants to go, and have you thought about how you're going to pay for it?","Well, we talk about it every day now. And she just, you know, I don't know how we're going to pay for it, but we are trying to find ways. In fact, I told her that she will have to probably do something, to do work-study, because I will not be able to afford sending her on my type of income in my lifestyle, OK?And I won't ever be able to retire."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  I'm, you know, it's almost paycheck to paycheck meaning they don't have much money","questions":"How would you describe PersonA's financial situation?","answer":"Little."}
{"text":["The technology is there, but it's rare. And there isn't - there aren't that many vehicles that can operate at these sorts of depths.","We realize you're thousands of miles away from the scene, but do you have any strong feelings about whether this ping is for real?","It's very difficult to tell. I've seen the pictures. I've seen the news report. I've seen the data that they're collecting. The fact that they have picked up two separate pinger systems - and bear in mind, the 777 has two pingers on board - does lee credence to the fact that this is probably, and I emphasize probably, the MH370 on the seafloor.","Simon Boxall, an oceanographer at Southampton University in Britain. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In (3), the implied meaning is that the oceanographer is suggesting that the ping signal is most likely coming from the MH370 plane, but the oceanographer is not 100% sure.","questions":"What is the oceanographer's stance on the likelihood of the ping signal being from MH370?","answer":"Likelihood"}
{"text":["Well, they've arrested these two men. One is an official in the office of the governor of the province. The other is the president of the university. Those would seem to be two pretty prominent individuals. Does anyone know what's happened to them, where they are?","That's still murky right now. We know they've been arrested. We don't know where they're being held, and according to Iraqi officials, they've apparently been arrested on charges of committing violence, committing terrorism. We don't much - really much more than that.","So we have this day in Iraq. It begins with this pretty normal thing, a visit from a - from the leader of a neighboring country, and then this kind of a development, which doesn't sound normal at all. It leaves you kind of wondering, one step forward, one step backwards.","Sure, but, you know, what it really illustrates is how uneven the security situation in Iraq is. Sure, you're seeing signs of progress. You're seeing neighboring leaders and neighboring countries visit. You are seeing violence levels down, but there are still large parts of Iraq that could explode at any moment. And it really shows how little the security situation is in many areas."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) In turn (1), the speaker implies that the arrest of the two prominent individuals is concerning and raises questions about the current situation in Iraq.","questions":"Which turn implies concern about the security situation in Iraq?","answer":"Turn1"}
{"text":["Well, the Hardings sued when they came to light. And the family wanted to put them away for 50 years so that anybody involved in them would be long gone. So they put them in the Library of Congress and four microfilms in the Ohio Historical Society. The archivist though, who made the microfilms, sent several microfilms out to various people for protective custody. And that's one of the ones that I got a hold of in 2004. But they've been under seal and under a court-order - under seal until actually next week is when they finally come out.","Let me get to the spy-story stuff. Was Carrie Fulton Phillips trying to influence President Harding toward Germany?","Yeah. Well, he was then Senator Harding with the obligation to vote for war or not. And she thought we should stay out. She was extremely pro-German. She was hanging out with a very pro-German crowd, some of whom were spies for sure in New York City. And she had lived in Berlin for three years in the lead-up to the war. So she definitely was trying to convince him not to vote for war. And he eventually writes to her that though it's going to be a really tough thing for their relationship, he's going to vote for war. But that's not long before we actually get involved in the war.","But what about the whole idea that somehow she was some kind of conduit for information to Berlin?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  But what about the whole idea that somehow she was some kind of conduit for information to Berlin? This implies that there is a suggestion that she was secretly providing information to Berlin, beyond just influencing President Harding's opinion.","questions":"What was the suggestion about Carrie Fulton Phillips beyond influencing President Harding's opinion?","answer":"Conduit"}
{"text":["What goes in the clubhouse stays in the clubhouse - until the baseball manager writes a book, that is. It's Thursday, and if you haven't guessed, it's time again for a look at sports with our very own sports guru, the New York Times Sports Columnist, Mr.  Bill Rhoden. Mr.  Bill, what's up?","Hey, the great Tony Cox. How you're doing?","I'm doing great, man. Joe Torre, leaving New York as a beloved figure, but now he has written his autobiography, \"The Yankee Years. \"I know that he's been on his New York tour. People are buying the book. But, you know, some people are happy, some people not so happy.","Well, the people who are most important to be happy are happy. The publisher of course. . .","Anybody reading book, it's about selling books. And I, Tony, I sort of equate it to in football, the most important statistics for a receiver are yards after catch."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Some people are unhappy with Joe Torre's book","questions":"What has Joe Torre written?","answer":"Autobiography"}
{"text":["Absolutely. This is a distinction that we don't want, in terms of being first in the nation in the ratio of African-Americans in prison. And it's my goal as the new governor to take this head-on and address it. And we have taken a number of important steps to trying to figure out the root cause. And as long as I'm governor, we will continue to make that a high priority.","Why is it important for you to put this issue front and center?","Well, historically, Iowa has actually been a leader on the issue of civil rights. In fact, we were one of the very first states to assure African-Americans the right to vote. So we - despite this distinction that we have right now - historically, we've been very progressive. And it's my hope that we can address this challenge and get back to leading the way in terms of opportunity and fairness and equality for all of our citizens.","What are you seeing in Iowa in terms of patterns within this pattern?Meaning, are there certain crimes that are more likely to show evidence of disparity between who's convicted than others?Are - what are the hot spots for you within this issue that you are addressing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Iowa's current distinction in the ratio of African-Americans in prison is a problem that needs to be addressed","questions":"What is Iowa's current distinction in the ratio of African-Americans in prison?","answer":"Ratio"}
{"text":["I am getting reports on Twitter. And I'm sure other people are seeing them. People are sending reports directly to me about things that they allege were said in the synagogue, official descriptions of the man. That's nothing we have that's verifiable or has been verified yet.","We have not confirmed those reports. And Twitter, I mean, it's a good source of information, but we can't report it until we confirm it.","It's sometimes a good source of misinformation too, isn't it?Shannon, you're going to be following this story. We have people from our local stations in Pittsburgh who are on the scene. Obviously, there's a great deal of chaos. They will be reporting the story. Thanks for being with us, Shannon Van Sant.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : We cannot trust Twitter as a reliable source of information.","questions":"How is Twitter viewed as a source of information?","answer":"Unreliable"}
{"text":["Yeah. Despite the ongoing uproar and concern created by the firing of James Comey, you have a lot of bipartisan support for Christopher Wray. He said a lot of the right things this week when it came to what what senators wanted to hear, what they were asking about. He said he would be independent if he ran the FBI. He said he would not pull any punches.","And he was asked several times, what would you do if the president asked you to do something illegal or unethical?He said, first, I would try to change his mind, and if he didn't do that, I would quit. So Democrats seem to hear what they wanted to hear. And there could be a vote on his nomination in the next couple of weeks.","Republicans released a revised health care bill - as popular as the first one was?","Just about, it seems, with the public. But I think where it matters more is, is it more popular within the Republican caucus?And it seems to be a tad more popular right now. But this bill is still right on a danger zone in terms of whether or not it can pass. You have two senators in the Republican caucus saying they're not going to vote for it. They can't lose any other Republican support and still get this bill passed."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) He said he would try to change his mind, and if he didn't do that, he would quit - Implied meaning: He would not follow the president's orders if they were illegal or unethical.","questions":"How would Christopher Wray respond to an illegal or unethical order from the president?","answer":"Quit"}
{"text":["What do you think - if this decision is permanent, what do you think the U. S.  will miss by not being a member of UNESCO?","Oh, I think the U. S.  will miss a lot. It's a big loss for the United Nations family because we are part of this family. It is a big role for multilateralism. But I believe it is also a loss for the U. S.","Irina Bokova is director general of UNESCO. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you very much for inviting me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The implied meaning of this turn is that the guest is expressing gratitude for being invited to the show","questions":"Which turn indicates the reason for the U.S. missing out on being a member of UNESCO?","answer":"Turn0"}
{"text":["Well, the committee report - it's not unexpected - but the draft reports thus far says that the impeachment committee believes Democratic Governor Rod Blagojevich has abused his power. Quoting from the report, \"The citizens of this state must have confidence that the governor will faithfully serve the people and put their interests before his own. It is with profound regret that the committee finds that our current governor has not done so. \"","It's quite voluminous. It's 60 pages or so of documentation of things beyond just what the federal prosecutor in Chicago has alleged that the governor has done, many reasons to impeach him beyond just the alleged criminal activity that he has been arrested and charged with.","Now, is there a rush to do this before - to possibly impeach the governor before Mr.  Burris would be seated as the junior senator from Illinois?","The report is drafted without Burris' testimony. To consider, they would add it to it, I suppose, if he says something remarkable this afternoon. But they seemed to feel that they have enough evidence to move forward with the impeachment. The rush is really to just get him out of office before they have to grapple with a huge budget deficit here in the state of Illinois. The relationship between the Legislature and the governor has been dysfunctional for quite some time, and it's only gotten worse since his arrest last month."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The governor has abused his power according to the impeachment committee, which is not surprising given the current situation.","questions":"Which committee believes that the governor has abused his power?","answer":"Impeachment"}
{"text":["Absolutely. And that's something that my father always stressed upon my sisters and me and that we've all thought it's very important that you should be engaged in the process. In this case it is a political process, because the process of electing our government leaders is one that will have a direct impact on whether we're here and what we do here. So it's fine to criticize, but at the same time if you're not engaged in the process I feel that's a real discredit to everything you try to protest against.","Do you sense a great excitement among the men and women there about the election?","Well, there's certainly a lot of open questions, a lot of us are wondering if Barack Obama's elected versus John McCain and vice versa, whether that will have an effect not just on this tour, but on future military careers because we have a lot of soldiers and a lot of officers who are planning to make a military career and I'm not one of them. I'm going to be leaving active duty when we return from this tour.","But for those soldiers especially, the big question now is, when and how soon they'll have to deploy to Afghanistan. Because many of these soldiers are on their third, some even on their fourth tour here to Iraq. And so now they're looking at another open ended involvement in Afghanistan. And so they've got a lot of questions about that and so we're really just curious right now what both candidates - what decisions they'll make."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There is no indication that the actual meaning is different from the literal meaning. It's a straightforward question about whether people at the location are excited about the election.","questions":"What is the focus of the soldiers' concerns regarding the election?","answer":"Deployment"}
{"text":["You don't have to do that. You are not alone in this process.","(Laughter).","Really, when you're ordering a bottle of wine, you only need to give two pieces of information - one, your budget. And do not be ashamed. Do not be embarrassed. We all have a budget. Secondly, your taste. Now, that could be as specific as saying, I had an incredible Adelsheim Oregon pinot noir the other night - what do you have like that?Or it could be as broad as saying, I like things that smell like peach.","And from there, if you have a good sommelier, they're going to be able to guide you to the hidden gems on that menu. And I have to say, it's a pleasure to be able to have a conversation with someone about what they like and to take them on a journey through this glass of wine because a good glass of wine is that. I didn't believe it in the beginning, but I came around to really experience it as a way to travel through time and place without ever leaving your seat."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : the statement by A about a good glass of wine being a way to travel through time and place without leaving your seat is a metaphorical expression. It suggests that drinking a good glass of wine can provide a sensory experience that evokes different sensations and transports you to different contexts, even though you are physically still in your seat.","questions":"How does the metaphorical expression of a good glass of wine relate to sensory experiences?","answer":"Sensory"}
{"text":["The European soccer championships are being played in France right now, but events in the stands among fans are also making news. European soccer's governing body has given the Russian team a suspended disqualification and a fine of 150,000 euros for the behavior of dozens of Russian fans who've clashed with supporters of other teams. A number of Russian fans have also been arrested and deported from France.","Marc Bennetts is a journalist who's based in Moscow. And he spent time with Russian fans. He's the author of \"Football Dynamo: Modern Russia And The People's Game. \"He joins us over Skype from Moscow. Thanks so much for being with us.","No problem.","Aren't the British the original soccer hooligans?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : not a literal meaning but rather a rhetorical question.","questions":"Which question posed by PersonB was not intended to be taken literally?","answer":"British"}
{"text":["There are some states out there, for example Oregon and Maine, which currently don't have sales taxes throughout the year. Is there anything that you can potentially learn from states that have been doing this for a while?","What we are looking at are states that have had sales - state sales tax holidays. As you may know, there are 17 states plus the District of Columbia that currently have sales tax holidays during the year. And the experience of our retail members with those holidays is that they're very attractive to people. They really do bring people into the stores. It's an exciting time.","You can say, well gee, if the average state sales tax is five, six percent, why would that drive consumers to come into the stores more than a sale advertised at 15 or 20 percent. And it's an interesting psychological phenomenon, but it does seem to drive more traffic. It may be because people just don't like to pay taxes, and they're very excited when there's a period where they won't have to pay taxes to the government.","Rachelle Bernstein is with the National Retail Federation. Thank you, Rachelle."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : very attractive to people in this context means that they like a policy a lot","questions":"Which phenomenon seems to drive more traffic to the stores during sales tax holidays according to A?","answer":"Taxes"}
{"text":["Hudson is confident that Broadway Federal Bank won't be harmed by the recent spate of bankruptcies and bailouts. Though the bank specializes in real estate and caters to minority investors, it never got caught up in the subprime mortgage game that has become the downfall of other banks.","In order to play in that game, you had to have large volumes and small margins, which has made mortgages like commodities. So the Countrywides, the WAMUs, the big mortgage companies, you would lose your shirt trying to compete with it. So, really, the small banks had to stand on the sidelines while a lot of money was being made by churning these loans and fees, and people were making huge amounts of money, banks were very profitable, and we weren't able to participate. But now, you know, the kind of like slow and steady feels very good right now.","Now, Hudson says he's starting to get a lot more calls from people who want to put their money in Broadway Federal.","Here's what used to happen in the old days. People would only put 100,000 dollars in Broadway because they knew that was the maximum FDIC insurance. They put a million dollars in Bank of America. They figured, well, I only - because Bank of America only has the same insurance as we do, only a 100,000. So they left 900,000 dollars uninsured because they said, well, that's Bank of America. I'm only worried about Broadway. I'm not worried about Bank of America."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Broadway Federal Bank is in a better position than other banks because it did not get involved in subprime mortgages.","questions":"How did Broadway Federal Bank avoid the downfall of other banks?","answer":"Avoided"}
{"text":["Well, we have shared the coordinates of health facilities, school facilities and so on for the very purpose to make sure they're protected. Sadly, several of these facilities received a direct hit. Actually, the secretary-general has called for a board of inquiry to investigate into these cases and to find out what had happened.","For us, it's a question of trust, and it's a question of protection when we say - when we give these coordinates, we expect that all parties in the conflict will respect them. And when that doesn't happen, that's really a significant problem for all and, most importantly, for the people who find themselves - that we have had incidents of ambulances receiving direct aid. Hospitals, doctors, nurses would be in the middle of an operational procedure or who had gone to this place for medical treatment and to find themselves being bombed inside the hospital or children in the school. That's something that is really totally unacceptable.","Panos Moumtzis is the United Nations humanitarian coordinator for the Syria crisis. Thanks so much for being with us, sir.","Thank you for calling me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Thank you for inviting me to be here.","questions":"Which word did the speaker use to express gratitude for being invited to the conversation?","answer":"Thank"}
{"text":["I am getting reports on Twitter. And I'm sure other people are seeing them. People are sending reports directly to me about things that they allege were said in the synagogue, official descriptions of the man. That's nothing we have that's verifiable or has been verified yet.","We have not confirmed those reports. And Twitter, I mean, it's a good source of information, but we can't report it until we confirm it.","It's sometimes a good source of misinformation too, isn't it?Shannon, you're going to be following this story. We have people from our local stations in Pittsburgh who are on the scene. Obviously, there's a great deal of chaos. They will be reporting the story. Thanks for being with us, Shannon Van Sant.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : We cannot trust Twitter as a reliable source of information.","questions":"Which source is unreliable?","answer":"Twitter"}
{"text":["I went back to Nepal in 2013 to write about the same supply chains feeding guys making cameras for the iPhone 5 in Malaysia. And some of the families that I wrote about at the time and got together and - was this woman, this magnetic woman who lit up the room, who was leading the conversation that everybody was deferring to. She was cutting off the men, which you also don't see much of in Nepal. And I didn't even recognize her.","And it was the same young woman. This woman, who was broken when I saw her in 2005 at this ashram, had just completely transformed her life. She not only made herself self-sufficient, but she rebuilt herself emotionally and has just this incredible self-awareness about everything that's happened to her and her refusal to be a victim and to rise up and face KBR Halliburton as a key witness in this case.","I was about to ask. How. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The woman was a strong leader and dominated the conversation despite the patriarchal society in Nepal.","questions":"Which woman?","answer":"woman"}
{"text":["Yeah, absolutely. So, you know, one of the things we need to be doing is making this standardized. I've talked to many people. They say, well, he never even checked what my, you know, date of birth said. I think we need to go to more of a standardized approach in order to do that.","Is there any kind of technological solution to this - I don't know - thumbprint, iris scan or something?","We have electronic health records, which are supposed to make this easier. But remember, anytime you introduce technology within sort of a complex health care system, you know, it can also have unintended consequences.","So never before would I be sitting on a patient's, you know, medical record with three different electronic health record screens open, trying to work between, you know, different patients sitting in an emergency room. So with new technologies come this additional complexity that we need to sort of be thinking about."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  We have electronic health records, which are supposed to make this easier. But remember, anytime you introduce technology within sort of a complex health care system, you know, it can also have unintended consequences.  The actual meaning implied in this turn is that the speaker is cautioning about the potential unintended consequences of introducing technology into a complex healthcare system, despite the expectation that electronic health records would make things easier. The literal meaning is that the speaker is highlighting the potential negative effects of technology in a complex system.","questions":"Which aspect of healthcare does the speaker mention in turn 2?","answer":"Healthcare"}
{"text":["I think, at this point, the way to sanitize everything and start to rebuild confidence - and it's going to be difficult - is just for everybody to open up and say, look, here is where we are. Here are the assets that are still on our books. None of that stuff tends to panic people. There's a lot of bad news there, but people are smart enough to realize that, if they're not being told something, it's probably because the news is bad. And I think, once you just get it all out there, it would help quite a bit.","Henry, always great to talk to you.","You, too. Thank you so much for having me.","Henry Blodget is the CEO of the financial news site clusterstock. com."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is better to be transparent about the negative aspects.","questions":"Which action could help rebuild confidence according to Henry?","answer":"Transparency"}
{"text":["We should note that Chico was never a part of DeBarge proper. Chico was solo. This is his hit 'Talk To Me' from 1986.","(Singing)","Talk to me baby, talk to me girl. You know, I really think you oughta","In 1988, Chico and his older brother Bobby were convicted on charges of conspiracy to distribute cocaine. The conviction put a quick end to a promising career. Each of the brothers served years in prison. Bobby later died from complications of AIDS. Like his sister, Chico was willing to open up about some of the pain of the road they've traveled. But he is also gearing up to release a new album. I ask how he felt about this next stage of his career.","I'm excited, but I'm - it was kind of new for me with the mission I have before me. Because of course, as you know, all of us are talking about, you know, a lot of things we've been through that a lot of people didn't know in the family. And the name of my album is \"Addiction. \"Because I ended up wearing those shoes. I never thought in my life that I would be - you know, I'd actually knocked people, you know, for having that. And I got stabbed, you know."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Wear those shoes is implying that the person has dealt with that in life","questions":"Which type of addiction is Chico's upcoming album about?","answer":"Stabbed"}
{"text":["Well, they're very angry, obviously. I mean, in Argentina, they're already facing really very hard times. Inflation there is among the highest in the world. The economy is - you know, they've got this boom-and-bust economy that's right now in such a mess that the government very controversially decided to sign on to this huge $56 billion IMF bailout. There are strikes and protests over President Mauricio Macri's austerity program, regularly.","And right now, Steve, there's a very highly charged political environment - I mean, even more highly charged than usual - because presidential elections are coming up in October. Macri's fighting to keep his job in the face of a remarkable resurgence by the former president, Cristina Kirchner, who's running with her former cabinet chief, this time on a ticket to be vice president, despite a stack of corruption charges against her.","Plenty of debate to come on who can keep the lights on. Philip, thanks so much.","You're welcome.","NPR's Philip Reeves."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The political environment in Argentina is tense due to presidential elections and the resurgence of a former president with corruption charges.","questions":"How is the political environment in Argentina?","answer":"Highly"}
{"text":["The economy is humming, but we may be hearing some sputtering as well. The stock market fell 3% this past Wednesday but later made back some of those losses. While in the bond market, a key marker of a coming recession has been playing out. Now the payoff for long-term government debt fell below the yield on short-term debt. So what are we looking for when the bell rings tomorrow?Catherine Rampell writes about economics for The Washington Post, and she joins me now. Welcome.","Good to be here.","So first off, I just want a gut check from you - Wall Street ups and downs, that warning flare in the bond market, but we're also seeing strong consumer spending at the same time. What is your take on these mixed indicators?","I think the story thus far has been there are warning signs out there. Consumers have been the strong point. Up until this week, however, there was a consumer sentiment number that it was at its lowest notching since, I want to say, six or seven months. So that does suggest that consumers may be wavering a little bit. I think the bigger picture, though, is the global risks essentially. So right now, we have something, like, nine major economies around the world either currently in recession or on the verge of recession, and you could imagine that there would be contagion effects."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The economy is not humming but is working as it should.","questions":"Which word describes the state of the economy as indicated by the turn 0 statement?","answer":"humming"}
{"text":["Yeah.","The Land O' Lakes butter box - there's a Native American on that. And an informal poll of people taken around here suggests a lot of people don't even see her.","Well, she's in your refrigerator. And God knows what she's doing at night. I never look closely at it myself. I do buy that brand. And when you look at it closely, what you see is she's kneeling. And she's holding the box that she's in. And so it recedes into infinity. In other words, you know, in that box, you see her again and again and again. So it's this amazing combination of American identity, a generic Indian with really brilliant graphic design that, you know, you don't really notice. But I really do think she's up to something at night in the refrigerator.","(Laughter) I'll check. Is it offensive?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B: \"(Laughter) I'll check.\" - This is an expression of amusement that does not actually mean the speaker will check if the Native American figure on the butter box is offensive or not.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's comment about the Native American figure on the butter box?","answer":"Amusement"}
{"text":["We literally stumbled into them looking for the largest live coast redwoods. And it was akin to finding a dinosaur that was still preserved laying on its side. So, it was just dumb luck.","So, what do you do?You get a cutting from that tree and then what happens?","Well, we really didn't know at that time and we didn't even know at that time nobody had thought of it or had ever done it. That was two years ago. So, I was with my son Jake, and Jake goes, well, look, dad. Look over here on the other side. And he found some shoots that were green and they were attached to the roots and some of the base of the 35-foot-diameter stump. And he goes why don't we try these?And that's exactly how it was birthed.","So, you planted these cuttings and what'll happen?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Finding them was very similar to finding a dinosaur- a major surprise.","questions":"How was finding the largest live coast redwoods described by person A?","answer":"Surprise"}
{"text":["Abortion. Abortion.","Really?","Because it's such a driving issue, a lot of one-issue abortion voters. The courts are determining what's legal in abortion. We see now that the court has got these new two conservative members to the Supreme Court and the lower courts. That's why you see states now pushing ahead with their tough abortion restrictions because they think that they can get these upheld. So I do think abortion - school prayer. Ronald Reagan played on school prayer when he was running. And these were the kind of things that conservatives vote on. These are important to them.","These are these sort of moral and cultural issues that they are interested in, consumed by to some regard. And so the courts have just been more important to them. You do see Democrats reacting now. There's new groups springing up. Demand Justice is a new group that was started to kind of make Democrats more aware of the potency of the court and the importance and why Democrats should be more interested in voting on it. I do think, in this election, Democrats are going to talk a lot more about the Supreme Court than they have in the past."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 2. Conservatives prioritize issues such as school prayer and abortion.","questions":"How do conservatives prioritize issues related to what?","answer":"Issues"}
{"text":["Well, right. And no U. S.  commander - speaking from experience - would put the aircraft in that kind of a situation. And for your audience, that reason is that, unlike aircraft - surveillance aircraft in the past, the kind of sensor systems that are onboard this drone are such that they can see dozens and dozens and dozens of miles away from the aircraft. So, you know, it's flying up above 50,000 feet over the Strait of Hormuz. It can monitor the entire strait plus see inside Iran without having to fly over it.","Just a little bit more detail, if you would, on this. . .","Sure.",". . . Specific drone - we're told it was an RQ-4 Global Hawk surveillance drone. Do you have any sense of how many of those are out flying over the region, how widely used they are?What intel are they collecting?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement implies that the advanced drones are being more appreciated unlike aircrafts.","questions":"Which type of aircraft has sensor systems that enable it to see dozens and dozens and dozens of miles away from the aircraft?","answer":"Surveillance"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. A skyscraper overlooking the Sydney Harbor was named best tall building from Asia and Australia. Why?Why was this tall building a standout?","Well, this, again, is a very beautiful tower, but that is innovating in that a large part of the building is naturally ventilated. And we lost our way with tall buildings in architecture generally maybe 60, 70 years ago when we had the freedom to disconnect them from their environment by creating enclosed, mechanically ventilated boxes.","So this is a, you know, a 60-story tower in Sydney which uses the wind, the ventilation, to naturally ventilate a huge atrium, which runs the full height of the building. Quite innovative.","You say that 95 percent of the tall buildings in the world are terribly designed."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"terribly designed\" is a figurative expression that means poorly designed or not meeting certain standards. It does not refer to buildings that are literally falling apart or unusable.","questions":"What is the meaning of \"terribly designed\"?","answer":"Poorly"}
{"text":["Yes, it might take time. It might take a long time. It might - the effort to do that might outlast a presidency. If that's true, all the more reason to begin this now so that we can see results in my lifetime.","So this is a hugely ambitious proposal that you are laying out now. And there will be people who ask, why is it that a two-term mayor of South Bend, Ind. - a town that many Americans won't have even heard of - a white guy, is the person who can heal America's deepest wound that has caused hundreds of years of inequities?","Frankly, it's twice as important. If you're a white candidate, it is twice as important for you to be talking about racial inequity and not just describing the problem which is fashionable in politics but actually talking about what we're going to do about it and describing the outcomes we're trying to solve for. I think we'll know we're getting somewhere when this is not regarded as some specialty issue that candidates of color talk about or that we only talk about when addressing voters of color.","This is a conversation that, frankly, white America needs to have too because white America needs to face the roots of these inequities and the fact of systemic racism all around us. It's the air we breathe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : whites refers to the Europeans and Americans and not just a color","questions":"What does \"whites\" refer to?","answer":"race"}
{"text":["And now it's letter time. Our editor Sasa Woodruff is here with me. Hey, Sasa.","Hey Farai, how's it going?","I am great. So, what are listeners filling our inbox with this week?","We got a few letters about the interview you did with Rick Warren this week. Celine Welch(ph) in Fort Worth, Texas, wrote into say she was a fan of the show, but not of the interview you did with the influential pastor."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Sasa Woodruff is not physically present with B","questions":"Which person is not physically present with B?","answer":"Sasa"}
{"text":["Well, there's no secret about this. The chief justice has been very clear. He doesn't want the court to be seen as a partisan institution. The other members of the court, both liberal and conservative, go around saying that this isn't a partisan institution at all. That's the message they want to convey, which is sort of hard at the moment.","But is that possible in this day and age, when we know by their - in their own account, conservative Republicans have tried to win elections so they can win Supreme Court appointments and you have several Democrats running for president now on the issue of enlarging the court?","You know, I wish I knew whether it's even possible anymore to have a Supreme Court that doesn't look partisan. I had always thought you really could. But if you look at the two cases before the court that are overtly partisan, the gerrymandering case and the census case, both would structurally allow Republicans to entrench their power even more than they have in the last decade or two. And I think it gets harder to sell the court as an apolitical institution, which is, as I said, what every member of the Supreme Court still tries to do.","You know, I interviewed Justice Stevens about a month and a half ago for a piece about his new book. And even he, a lifetime Republican, although deemed a Liberal on the court, appointed by President Ford, said it was hard for him to see the current court as apolitical. He said he still has hope, and so do I, but it's difficult."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Supreme Court is perceived as a partisan institution despite their efforts to appear apolitical.","questions":"Which institution is the subject of the discussion?","answer":"Supreme"}
{"text":["Well, I think I do have to wrestle with it as a personal crisis. I did have to wrestle with it. I had to just do what people do when they're kind of debilitated by panic attacks, which is figure out how to make them stop or at least somewhat subside.","No, I know you deal with it in a personal way, but it sounds like you're blaming, you know, George Bush for your problems.","Yeah (laughter). Well, in some ways I felt - at that time at least - that my problems were caused by George Bush. So, I mean, another thread of this book is that, you know, once I realized I wasn't going to cut it as a music major, I switched my major to Middle Eastern studies. And I took that very seriously. It was my plan to try to become a reporter in the Middle East. And I started to begin to learn Arabic. I spent years studying Islamic literature and art and religion.","And I left to go do my study abroad in Cairo, Egypt. And, of course, we started out that time, just as study abroad students do, learning the new currency, people in Egypt and then two weeks in, 9\/11 happened. And it completely changed obviously the course of everything. And a lot of Americans fled the Middle East at that point. You couldn't go back to the states because the airports were closed. But I stayed along with a small group of other American students, and I really thought that this was going to be so crucial to me and being a bridge of understanding between our country and that region."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to wrestle in this context means an event happened that is hard to get through","questions":"What was the major of the speaker before they switched to Middle Eastern studies?","answer":"Music"}
{"text":["Yeah, it looks absolutely beautiful.","'Cause I've seen this painting - it's enormous. (Laughter) And I'm trying to picture, A, what that's like for people and, B, why you thought it was important for the public to see it as it was happening.","Well, I think there's two factors. And one is that the painting is - it's very large. So you know, removing it from the galleries would also present a certain amount of risk. And the other thing is that it's not really possible at this time to say how long the research or the treatment will actually take. All in all, this is really the best possible scenario to actually treat it in the galleries, where it can be followed by the public. I think the public actually find it fascinating to look behind the scenes.","I'm sure you couldn't have imagined that the painting would have been attacked with a bread knife, and you're doing quite the operation here. So what are some of the challenges and obstacles that, you know, are making you guys nervous?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is implying that the situation is challenging and nerve-wracking for those involved in the operation, not necessarily that A and their team are nervous.","questions":"How is PersonB describing the situation for those involved in the operation?","answer":"challenging"}
{"text":["You know, that's a really great question. Our book hit No. 3 on the New York Times bestseller list on Wednesday. And here I am having written this book and stepping into a different version of, you know, women's rights feminist icon. And it's something I'm really proud of because I had to really educate myself on what I believe to be true.","And so I - I don't know. I think that recreating a person's identity is happening on the daily. And I - for me - I want to keep breaking free from all of these identities and get down to that last one, which is human. And I hope that people out there feel the same way because we are all the same matter.","That soccer star Abby Wambach.","Abby, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"breaking free from all of these identities and get down to that last one, which is human\" - This turn is figurative language as it refers to the author's desire to move beyond societal labels and stereotypes and focus on our common humanity rather than actually breaking free from physical identities.","questions":"Which aspect of identity does the author want to focus on?","answer":"Humanity"}
{"text":["There probably should be because the funny thing is, for most players, for most people, you might be able to look at this and say, all this success, the way that the city has embraced him and the team, all of these good things would naturally lead to Kawhi Leonard being more inclined to re-sign in Toronto. And we just don't know that that's the case because he's a famously kind of opaque individual. Nobody knows what Kawhi Leonard is thinking, except Kawhi Leonard, about what he really wants in life and in basketball. The team's really good; that might not be enough.","People are talking about him as being one of the greats, right?You're hearing, like, a Michael Jordan comparison being thrown around. Can he really carry the team to a title against the Warriors, though?","Not alone, I don't think so. The one thing about this Raptors team that people do underrate is that, defensively, this Raptors team is as good as anybody in basketball right now. It's a team with versatility, intelligence, a ferocity, defensively. But to beat the Golden State Warriors, they're going to need more guys to make shots offensively. Kawhi Leonard is great. You need more than one great player to win in any playoff series, much less against a championship outfit like the Warriors.","The NBA has pushed for expansion north for decades. But is the rest of Canada at all interested in this?I mean, is this Canada's team?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Raptors need more than just Kawhi Leonard to beat the Warriors; they need other players to step up offensively.","questions":"How do the Raptors need other players to step up to beat the Warriors?","answer":"Offensively"}
{"text":["It's a pleasure to be with you. And thank you very much for having me.","So this issue has been kind of dancing around the edges of political discourse for years now. I mean, Jesse Jackson made it part of his platform when he ran for president in 1988. And as we mentioned, your former colleague, Representative Conyers, reintroduced the bill in every congressional session for 25 years. But now it seems to be gaining some traction again. Why do you think that is?","I frankly believe that there's something to elections - And this is a Democratic House with Democratic leadership - and also the times. And it is tragic, but it is real that we've seen an uptick in racial incidences - white supremacy, white nationalism. And so the question of slavery, frankly, has never been addressed, particularly from the institutional governmental perspective. And I've updated the language of the resolution, HR40, and that is that it is a commission to study and to engage in proposals, recommendations on the question of reparation.","And it really goes to, I think, more people understanding that 40 acres and a mule was a legitimate concept right after the Emancipation Proclamation, and that never happened. But yet cotton was king. It was an economic engine of the entire United States. And so the prominence of the United States today in the 21st century is grounded on the free brutal labor that Africans gave and their descendants."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The issue of reparations for slavery is gaining more attention recently, especially with Democratic leadership and the rise of racial incidents.","questions":"How is the issue of reparations gaining attention?","answer":"Democratic"}
{"text":["Yesterday, we reported on the U. N.  Security Council meeting that took place on Friday. The topic was Kashmir. It seems like there was not really a consensus on how to move forward on this issue. Did you have a sense of how the residents of Kashmir would like - what role they would like the international community to play in this conflict, if any?","I think that a majority of Kashmiris are really, really tired of the violence. Many, many years ago, there had been a lot of hopes on Pakistan. But I think that hope is gone. Once the ban on communication is lifted, when Internet is restored, many are expecting to see a few - at least a few clashes between protesters and Indian security forces in Kashmir.","That's journalist Rahul Pandita. He was kind of to join us from Delhi.","Rahul, thank you so much for speaking with us about your reporting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : that the people don't want any more violence and want it to stop ","questions":"How would Kashmiris like the international community to play a role in the conflict?","answer":"Stop"}
{"text":["Hmm. For - yeah, for all of us to take a look at.","Mm-hmm.","What made this an outstanding candidate?Just the story like that, for your. . .","To write about?Well, yeah. The things that I'm always looking for are things that have the quality, as you heard me say a few times, they make people laugh and then think. When you first see them, they're funny. You have almost no choice but to laugh. And then a few days later, you find it still rattling around in your head, and you just want to tell somebody about it. These are the things that really - they're funny mainly because they're so unexpected. There's something about them that you just - at first glance, it's beyond anything you ever had any reason to think about it, just - it's staggering. Maybe later on when you get used to it, it doesn't seem funny anymore, but at first glance. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asking why the candidate is outstanding, not just inquiring about the story","questions":"What quality does the outstanding candidate have?","answer":"Uniqueness"}
{"text":["Exactly. And so this is how you get this agency in the middle of this fight with its current director leaving and trying to set something up to protect it on his way out the door.","So why is this complicated?Because directors leave agencies all the time and acting directors come in through clear lines of succession and then ultimately somebody else might be appointed. What's going on here?","Yeah. So Richard Cordray, the Obama-era appointee, was basically trying to protect the agency. And written into its founding document - written into the Dodd-Frank law - it says that when there's a vacancy, the deputy director becomes the acting director. So Cordray named Leandra English, who had been his chief of staff, to be the deputy director as he was walking out the door. Then, a few hours later, the White House announced that the president had picked Mick Mulvaney to be the acting director. He's the White House budget director, also an outspoken critic of CFPB - basically, saying at one point along the way that he thought it should be shut down.","Now the White House says the law's on their side."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies that something else is going on behind the scenes that is not typical of director changes, (3) implies that the Obama-era appointee was trying to protect the agency in an unconventional way, and (4) implies that the White House is attempting to justify their side of the argument by citing the law.","questions":"Which appointee was named as the deputy director before the White House announced their pick?","answer":"English"}
{"text":["It says, he that copieth this letter shall be blessed of me. He that does not shall be cursed, etc. , etc.","Oh, my gosh. Gotcha. And people believe this?Or enough people?","Many people believed it because they needed to or they wished to because the gaps in history - we have nothing from Christ's life that survives directly, physically from that moment. And so people wanted to fill in gaps - desperately to fill in gaps so that they could feel closer to the concept of a Jesus that was like them.","Well, show us something else."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B is suggesting that A should provide evidence other than the letter to prove its authenticity.","questions":"What is PersonB requesting from A?","answer":"Evidence"}
{"text":["It's not unusual for a new president to shed some of the staff that comes in with him in the first year. You know, people from the campaign, for example, who don't fit in in the new environment. But this is the earliest we've ever seen a chief of staff go. And this many departees at this high level, it's hard to think of an analog in the first six months of any other administration.","OK.  A really big legislative story this week with the Senate failing to repeal the Affordable Care Act. Is that effort dead as in really, really, really dead?","It is dead for the moment. You know, the president has been tweeting in the last 24 hours about killing the filibuster rule because it's too hard to get to 60 votes. You know, on this bill, all they needed was 50 votes and they could not get to 50 votes. And the real problem here is not process. It's the problem. They don't have consensus on health care. So it looks dead in the Senate, at least for the moment, but it could be revived in the longer run.","And just quickly, we could have started our conversation with North Korea or Russia. The world is out there, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the statement \"The world is out there, isn't it?\" has an implied meaning of \"There are many other important topics we could discuss besides the current one.\"","questions":"How would you summarize the implied meaning of turn 3?","answer":"World"}
{"text":["I got a glance over the weekend, and the sky was beautifully blue. I mean, really, it was wonderful. And the air pollution index for that day was exceedingly low. Also, it was like 17. That's lowest since I've been keeping track.","This, I think, has to do with changes in weather patterns that appeared to start somewhere in the first week of August. The arrival of rainfall and winds from the northeast and form the northwest, which would bring in cleaner air, and in particular lack of strong winds from the south that would bring up the heavy levels of pollution.","Yet, you've said earlier that the air pollution in Beijing mostly blows in from elsewhere. So these steps that the city officials have taken in recent months with changing traffic patterns and closing factories, really, that's not a factor here?","Well, you know, I've been looking at the day they very carefully tried to decide what is really going on this summer. We know that the controls did something. It's just that I, at least, am unable to pick out their effects in the data so far."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"arrival of rainfall and winds\" means \"occurrence of rainfall and winds\" rather than \"the act of arriving of rainfall and winds\"","questions":"What does \"arrival\" mean?","answer":"Rainfall"}
{"text":["That's right, that's right, and we essentially within the DNA give the instructions for that cell to read out the viral protein.","OK, so you put the cell to work, and then what happens?What's the second stage?","Well, then after a few months, we come back and we boost the immune response, and we can do that in one of two ways. We can actually inject the standard inactivated vaccine, the one that you and I get every year in our flu shot, or we can also do it by using a different type of carrier, a viral vector, an adenovirus, that can do the same thing.","In our human studies, we've actually done it with the standard flu vaccine."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : something that was hinted at or suggested, but not directly stated. When a person looks at his watch","questions":"Which study?","answer":"Human."}
{"text":["Why, over really a period of 25 years or so, have there been so many misadventures?How do you explain, for example, Iraq?How do you explain the lack of progress after so many years in Afghanistan?Why was the Libyan intervention unsuccessful?And I think the conclusion is is that the United States has focused more since the end of the Cold War not so much on defending against external threats but focusing more on the internal governance of foreign countries and trying to change it.","So rather than maintaining a strong defense in protecting our national interests, we've tended to promote democracy in other countries, we've engaged in nation-building exercises, we've engaged in regime change. And in most of those cases, we've been unsuccessful.","You were the U. S.  ambassador to Germany. Does the United States have - and you know the history - does the United States have no interest in preventing genocide and mass slaughter around the world?","I think genocide is probably the one case where we do have a responsibility. I mean, if it's real genocide and people are - there is mass murder, then I think we have a moral duty to intervene. But the problem is is that how you define that moral duty when it's not clearly genocide, when there's injustice, when there's discrimination, when, for instance, the young girls in Afghanistan can't go to school, that is not genocide."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The US has failed to achieve its goals by trying to impose its standards of democracy and governance on foreign countries.","questions":"What has the US attempted to impose on foreign countries that has resulted in failure?","answer":"Democracy"}
{"text":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The people in the bar were either ignorant or supportive of the war criminal Radovan Karadzic, which is concerning.","questions":"What was the name of the Balkan fiddle that the person played in the local bar?","answer":"Gusle"}
{"text":["Before that, he'd been seen frequently, but always waddling with a really bad limp. He was clearly in discomfort, and finally the North Korean authorities said he is in physical discomfort. So there's something up. We don't quite know what. The speculation is he's had surgery, he's ill, ranging right through to there's been a coup, and he's lost power or certainly being shunted away from power. That's the speculation.","Now, we're talking about somebody who - as my recollection is - he's on television every two minutes. So this must be a tremendous vacuum in the lives of North Koreans.","That's right. The print media in North Korea is still putting all these statements thanking the supreme leader in that sort of glorious way they do, praising him for, for example, the pretty good performance of the athletes in the Asian games a week ago. So all that stuff is still coming out. There's no devaluation of him by the state media. But he's not there. Now, having said that, his father disappeared from sight at odd times as well. And sometimes that was seen as being a mark of his strength in that he felt that he was so strong that he didn't need to do all this stuff.","Is this a matter for particular distress because, after all, we are talking about a nation that's either a quasi-nuclear power or might be a nuclear power?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : None of the words or phrases in this turn have a figurative meaning. It is a straightforward statement about the print media in North Korea continuing to praise the leader, despite his absence, and how his father had also disappeared from public view at times.","questions":"Which media is still putting out statements praising the supreme leader despite his absence?","answer":"Print"}
{"text":["How fair or accurate is the idea that Joan Kroc gave away Ray Kroc's money to a lot of places and causes of which he would not have approved?","A lot of old-guard McDonald's people I've talked to are angry that Joan made gifts that, in their estimation, were more liberal-leaning than Ray, perhaps, would've liked, including her million-dollar gift to the Democrats - now - and her active work in the peace movement and building these peace institutes at both Notre Dame and the University of San Diego.","I don't think she did it to spite Ray or to get back at him at all, although I do know that during the course of their marriage, she said she suppressed her politics and her interests in some ways because she didn't want to seem untoward. And yet, that doesn't square up with the fact that she started this alcoholism education charity while Ray was clearly afflicted. So the dichotomy or the juxtaposition of all these odd facts with Joan is what makes her so interesting to me. She was a very complicated person.","Lisa Napoli, her book, \"Ray And Joan: The Man Who Made The Mcdonald's Fortune And The Woman Who Gave It All Away. \""],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Lisa Napoli wrote a book about Ray and Joan Kroc, but its actual meaning is that Lisa Napoli wrote a book about Ray and Joan Kroc and their relationship.","questions":"What is the subject of Lisa Napoli's book?","answer":"Ray"}
{"text":["And what kind of station wagon was it?We had a Rambler.","It's an old Ford.","And old Ford, yeah.","Old Ford, you know, with the wood paneling."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A confirms B's statement without acknowledging the age of the car.","questions":"Which characteristic of the car did PersonA omit while confirming PersonB's statement?","answer":"Age"}
{"text":["It also follows an advertisement, even more prominent Republicans - Colin Powell, Dick Cheney, Laura Bush among them - without their permission necessarily, all sided - quoted as supporting gay marriage in other context, but they are not signatories to this brief.","You know, Neal, I head a conservative judge say a couple of years ago, a line that stuck with me, is that one of the really brilliant things about the gay rights movement is that they took on really essentially conservative goals. That is, they wanted to serve openly in the United States military. Remember that, and how big a fight that was?And they want to marry. Committed couples wanted to marry, and some of them wanted to adopt and raise children. Now if you're conservative, how can you be opposed to something like serving in the military and getting married and raising children?","It's a difficult argument, but do you think - amicus briefs normally are, well, window dressing. Is this going to make a difference?","No, not one amicus brief doesn't make a difference. But I do think it's part of a trend of just a change in thinking and saying that, yes, many Republicans now think, you know, same sex - gay marriage is a good thing. The country's moving that way, and it should be a matter of - it's part of a larger just change in thinking. And I do think that large change in thinking does affect justices."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The goals of the gay rights movement are essentially conservative, so conservatives should support them.","questions":"Which movement's goals are essentially conservative?","answer":"rights"}
{"text":["All over. I was just meeting with a friend. I had served at the U. S.  Embassy in Mexico. She's here with a group of students and professors. I have just met recently a TV crew from Romania. Another one has come in from Serbia. And, of course, of special note, a number of journalists have come in from Kenya, where there's a very very big interest, obviously, for the roots of the candidate Senator Obama.","Well, tell us, what's drawing the other journalists?What is it that they're so fascinated by?","I think it goes back probably to the caucuses in Iowa in January, and it's just grown. Clearly, as the enthusiasm in the United States has grown, I think a lot of them are focusing on the young people so involved, but in general, the U. S.  public so involved in these elections and in these campaigns. And I think, in part, it is, the U. S.  does remain a certain kind of example in terms of democracy.","Well, I mean, is it fair to say that, were Barack Obama not in this race, there wouldn't be as much interest?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The other journalists are fascinated by the reason behind the interest in the candidate Senator Obama.","questions":"How are the other journalists feeling about the interest in the candidate Senator Obama?","answer":"Fascinated"}
{"text":["Why would Hezbollah have anyone in Latin America except on vacation?","Well, historically there have been and are very large Lebanese expatriate communities in South America and Africa and, more recently now, in North America. And of course the vast, vast majority of those communities are perfectly law-abiding and wonderful people. But within those communities, over the course of the Lebanese civil war, you had some people who were providing support back home to one or another side of the civil war. And in the wake of the civil war, that continued. And as Hezbollah became the primary powerhouse on the Shia political, social and military side of the equation, support for the group continued to flow from the Shia Lebanese expatriates, some of whom were only supporting the group because it supported the Shia community back home and others because they supported the group's opposition to Israel, opposition to the West and sometimes even its axe militancy at home and abroad.","And what do the drug cartels get out of this arrangement?","They get their product moved. They get the proceeds of their transactions laundered. And those are the two things, along with production in the first instance, without which they don't function. And they really don't care who they do business with. They don't care if you call yourself Hezbollah or something else. Most of the people that do this for them are not terrorists. As long as you can move product and launder product, they don't really care about the rest of it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Why would Hezbollah have anyone in Latin America except on vacation? Implicated meaning: The speaker is questioning why Hezbollah would have a presence in Latin America, suggesting that their presence is likely for reasons other than vacation. The speaker implies that there might be ulterior motives or activities that Hezbollah is engaged in within Latin America.","questions":"How does the speaker imply that Hezbollah may have ulterior motives in Latin America?","answer":"ulterior"}
{"text":["How much did you pay for that last box of Girl Scout cookies you bought?Five bucks, six maybe, maybe more?How about $15 billion?That's the price of a single box if - if it were turned into graphine. Researchers at Rice University in Houston have discovered a way to turn anything with carbon into graphine, the super-strong wonder material that can be worth over two million times the price of gold. You heard that right, two million times.","Forget alchemy, that's for chumps. This is graphene, worth a lot more in its weight of gold. Marc Abrahams, editor and founder of the Annals of Improbable Research is here to tell us why graphene is so pricey and what this invention could mean for nanotechnology. Welcome back to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thanks, Ira, nice to be back.","So what is this thing about turning Girl Scout cookies into graphene?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : nice to be back means its nice that I am here again","questions":"What does \"back\" refer to in PersonA's statement?","answer":"Here"}
{"text":["But we don't know what types of tools the Denisovans made. The Neanderthals lived in Western Eurasia and in Europe, and the Denisovans seem to have lived in the eastern parts of Eurasia, and we don't have a well-defined group of skeletons or archaeology that we know must have been left behind by a group.","But amazingly, we do have a genome sequence from the Denisovans, and we can use the genome sequence to study how they're related to Neanderthals and modern humans.","How do you get such an accurate reading of a genome from a 50,000-year-old bone?I mean, it would seem - you know, it's an old bone.","Yeah, it's really old. So ancient DNA is an amazing field that's really become revolutionized over the last few years because of the revolution for medical genetics, from genomics, which has made the cost of DNA sequencing come down by a factor of about 100,000 over the last decade and especially in the last year by many thousand-fold."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The genome sequence helps us study the relationship between Neanderthals and Denisovans.","questions":"Which group's skeletons or archaeology do we not have a well-defined group of?","answer":"Denisovans"}
{"text":["First week of the season, a young boy - he has the ball over his head. He's ready to make the throw-in. And a spectator on the sideline puts her hands on the child's shoulders, spins him around so he'd be redirecting the ball to a different player. So I blew my whistle. And I said - is this your child?And she said, no, this is not my child. So I explained to her, I said, you can never, ever, ever, ever touch a player.","So this was a cry for civility, not I'm sick and tired and can't take it anymore?","That's correct. This is a cry for civility. This is a plea for everyone to join me and everyone else who believes that we can have a fun, fair and safe experience in which sanity is expressed on the sideline.","Well, it sounds that you're complaining less that your feelings were hurt than the youngsters might be getting a very bad example of what it is to be an adult."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Well, it sounds that you're complaining less that your feelings were hurt than the youngsters might be getting a very bad example of what it is to be an adult.  In these turns, the speakers are using figurative language or implied meanings rather than stating things directly.","questions":"How did the speaker describe the potential negative impact on the youngsters?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["Joining me now is Christoph Schott, who directed that report for Avaaz. He's on the line from Brussels. Hi, there.","Hi, there. Good to be here.","Good to have you with us. So give us some examples. What kind of things did you find?","We found a very, very large set of different type of content from actual disinformation. We saw, for example, a video of migrants destroying a police car, viewed 10 million times, when, actually, that was out of a movie - years old. And people kind of got a misrepresenting, like, picture of reality where they thought this type of content, both very hateful or, actually, outright lies, is very popular in the community. And that's what really concern us - that these disinformation networks out there share this content so far and wide so quickly that it reaches millions of millions of Europeans every single day.","Right. I mean, you found it was reaching people in Germany and Spain and France, Italy, the United Kingdom - all over Europe."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : Disinformation networks are spreading false and hateful content rapidly","questions":"What was the type of content that was viewed 10 million times?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Why they're talking about it is because they feel they have to talk about it. The government of Bangladesh wants the bulk of these people to return. They also would be feeling some domestic pressures in this area, as well. And the government of Burma, I think, is feeling some of the pressure from the international community and feels some need to be responsive. But the real story here is this is horrifying, this discussion, to be taking place right now, given the complete absence of measures in place to ensure safety and security upon return.","As I understand it, the Rohingya, according to this agreement, will be moved from the camps in Bangladesh to a camp in Myanmar where there could be security concerns.","Oh yeah, there are no safeguards in place. There - been no serious discussion of safeguards for return. You have to realize that we're talking about one of the greatest crimes in recent memory - massive abuses, forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of people in a matter of weeks.","There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N.  official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The government of Myanmar is not allowing international monitors to oversee the situation.","questions":"How is Myanmar preventing oversight?","answer":"Myanmar"}
{"text":["Correct. It was one of the first ones to come out like that, and so I had no idea it was different from any other game. I just thought it was another game. And he, within three months of playing it, he started - it started affecting his real life negatively. He lost his job. He got evicted from his apartment. By the way, he was 20 years old when he started playing this, so he was an adult. But very quickly it showed negative effects. His personality changed. He started becoming a different person. He became withdrawn, antisocial, depressed. His focus became gaming, and he no longer was concerned about his real life or his future.","When you think about your son, do you think that there were other underlying issues, whether it was depression or some other condition, that caused him to be susceptible to this?I mean, how do you balance that thought out?","I agree with that 100 percent. He had ADD, and from my experience, since 2002, probably 99 percent of the gamers that we've talked to who have problems with gaming have ADD. It seems to make them more susceptible.","Attention deficit."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The video game had a negative impact on the son's life.","questions":"How was the son affected by the video game?","answer":"life"}
{"text":["Here's a trivia question for you and I will let you go. There is a president, a former president, who is also - he's also joining this list of 25 recordings. Can you guess which president it was?","In recent history or past. . . ?","Recent.","Is it Bill Clinton?Because I know he did like. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B confirms that the president is a recent one and hints at Bill Clinton being the right answer.","questions":"What president is being referred to in the conversation?","answer":"Bill."}
{"text":["All right.","OK, but anyway, we're all working at the same - working so hard and so long on trying to get something done because we're - people like me are doing this because they love the country, and they're worried about it. We've got a lot of us around, and we're trying to find our place in this thing, and it looks like the White House and the Republicans do have a way to get information in.","It's very hard for changes to be made and agreements. I don't know how they're doing that. It's a very strange kind of organization. But. . .","Well, let me ask you, how much did the election change things?There's the same cast of characters, pretty much.","Well, I - people that aren't there negotiating, and I'm not there, but people that aren't are speculating on all kinds of things, in terms of the president is playing with more power, he acts like a tyrant because he won the election. I don't really see that at this point, that there is any big change because of the election.","Well, the president, if he campaigned on one thing, it was raise taxes on the wealthy."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The president doesn't seem to be acting like a tyrant, despite speculation that he's using more power since winning the election.","questions":"Which word describes the speculation about the president's behavior since winning the election?","answer":"Speculation"}
{"text":["What was the basis on which you were denied?","They said that we need to request a formal tour. And this is the problem. You know, I was at Homestead yesterday - the facility in Florida that houses 2,700 mostly teenage migrants. You think about it - they do these guided tours only at very specific times when they have a lot of notice about when people are going to come through. I'm told that lawyers who represent the kids in there have to sign a nondisclosure agreement so that they can't talk about the conditions in there.","It makes you wonder, what are they hiding?Why do we keep seeing images of overcrowding and of terrible living conditions, and then journalists go in there on one of these guided tours, and everything seems to be fine?","You visited another community center where there are migrant families or children. What did they tell you?Have you been able to get any reports?Or did any people who'd been in those facilities have anything to say to you about what the conditions were there?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The facility only allows guided tours at specific times and lawyers have to sign an NDA, suggesting they have something to hide.","questions":"How do lawyers represent the kids in the facility have to sign a document?","answer":"NDA"}
{"text":["Well, again, these Italian researchers, the one who did the randomness stuff, looked at this and thought, we can write this up as a simple mathematical description. And they did, and it plays out in a simple way. And that's what led them to their paper in a physics journal that says, we're better off choosing politicians at random, because otherwise, we're all far too prey to this universal plague of stupidness.","That's - what better place to end it, Marc. Thank you very much. Marc Abrahams is editor. . .",". . . and co-founder of the Annals of Improbably Research. . .","Thank you, Ira."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : none","questions":"What led the Italian researchers to their paper in a physics journal?","answer":"randomness"}
{"text":["I asked Groff, who you will know from her own short story collection \"Florida\" and her novel \"Fates And Furies\" - I asked her how Nancy Hale went from someone with dozens and dozens of stories in The New Yorker to someone we forgot about.","You know, I don't know definitively. It's very hard to tell. I think part of it is that her stories are very quiet and very elegant, and she's possibly not fashionable at the moment - her style of writing. But I find her incredibly fascinating. She creates these lines that are full of a humming electricity. And her structures are so deep and so thoughtful that you don't really understand what you're reading until maybe a couple of days later when you realize exactly the craft that went into creating her short stories.","And they span the gamut. Some of them are highly lyrical. Other ones are satirical and very funny. So we did put together this collection of 25 short stories. They're all interesting in their own way. And you can sort of see the development of a writer over the course of decades.","Right. No, absolutely. You can feel - she's obviously, as you would expect, writing very different things than - in her later years than she was as a very young writer. How did you pick the stories that you landed on out of the many, many ones she wrote?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : She creates lines of written work in stories that sound good and have a great deal of emotion. Also, the way she writes her stories has a great deal of meaning.","questions":"What is the quality of Nancy Hale's writing?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["It's my pleasure, Scott. Thank you for having me.","Is the ACLU a fig leaf for Nazis?","No, sir. We are the premier defenders of freedom of speech and racial justice and the rights of all people in the U. S.  For almost a hundred years, our mission has been to defend the rights of everyone, even people we hate. And ultimately, this is about making sure the government never has the authority or the ability to censor speech because it finds it loathsome or disgusting. There are ways for government to regulate speech. It's got to be neutral. There are time, place, manner restrictions that are perfectly appropriate and legitimate. And yet, it can never be because we don't like what folks say.","What about when the marchers are armed, though?Doesn't that make a difference to public safety?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The prevalence of sexual harassment allegations could lead to substantial change in the composition of Congress and the Senate over the next two election cycles.","questions":"How could the ACLU ensure that government does not censor speech they find disgusting?","answer":"Neutral"}
{"text":["Well, all I can tell you is this. When I asked Commissioner Davis that question, he didn't hang up on me. He said the answer that I gave - that I reported - he said absolutely. It's possible that just the feeling that we're over the hump, that we're through this. I mean, it's human nature. You've watched events. They get there early. They're on high alert all the time. Plus, in this particular case, the bomb-sniffing dogs had gone through twice, once in the morning and an hour before the explosions have gone off.","So there was a feeling, there was a reason to feel basically secure that at time. It turned out not, you know, the security was - sense of security was misplaced. But again, I don't think it's an insult at all to what the response and, you know, the courage and all of that happened afterwards to rethink, and, you know, again, to use an overused term, connect the dots about how things were set up, were they followed out as they should've been.","Joan Vennochi, thanks very much for your time today. Appreciate it.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's not an insult to think about what has happened again and to make sense of it and see where things were related to each other.","questions":"How was it suggested to approach the events that happened?","answer":"rethink"}
{"text":["That's where I went to school.","You went to Fremont?","I went to Fremont High School, I did.","Oh, my goodness. So, you know, East 14th is now called International Boulevard, and you lived in two very different worlds in that part of Oakland. Tell me a little bit about the best and worst of both sides.","Well, I lived my - after my parents divorced, my mother remarried a guy who made us be in that religion that rhymes with tehova's sitnesses (ph)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Confirming that the person went to Fremont High School.","questions":"What high school did PersonA attend?","answer":"FremontHighSchool"}
{"text":["First give us a little inside baseball on what happened with the Pfizer drug. Did it not clear the plaques?Do we know?Do we know why it failed?","Well, it was a preliminary report regarding the clinical findings, meaning that the memory, the functional changes in these patients with the mild to moderate state of the dementia of Alzheimer's disease, the clinical features did not improve.","What we don't know yet, they haven't announced yet, is whether the drug actually had an impact on the underlying biological process. So there was no clinical improvement, but we're still waiting for data on the biological signal. Did the antibody do what it was supposed to do in the brain?","And it was supposed to clear out the amyloid plaques, correct?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The drug did not improve clinical features in Alzheimer's patients, but it's still unclear whether it had an impact on the biological process of the disease.","questions":"What was the purpose of the Pfizer drug?","answer":"Alzheimer's"}
{"text":["It's great to be with you, Ira. Thank you.","I'm just looking at the abstract of your study, and some of these numbers are amazing. Seventy-two percent, 72 of all Americans think that global warming should be a very high or medium or a priority for the president and the Congress. That crosses all party lines.","It does. It includes 84 percent of Democrats, 68 percent of independents and 52 percent of Republicans. So yes, there is this difference between Democrats and Republicans. But nonetheless, a majority of Republicans do think that global warming should be a priority for our elected officials.","So why are we all under the impression that there is not this majority?","Ah. Great question. So one of the things that became very clear to us early in our research was that Americans don't speak with a single voice on this issue. And in fact, what we've identified is what we call a global warming's six Americas, that essentially you can look at the country and find that there are six very different communities within the United States, that each respond to this issue in very different ways. One group we call the alarmed. That's only about 12 percent of the public."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The chaos caused by Brexit has unified European citizens and strengthened their attachment to the EU.","questions":"Which country's citizens are mentioned as being unified due to Brexit in this dialogue?","answer":"European"}
{"text":["Yeah. Some of the Republicans who used to sound the alarm about rising deficits during the Obama administration seem less concerned about that now. I'm not sure if that's because they've gotten some new economic theory. It may have more to do just with who's in charge. During the recession, we saw dire warnings about debt-to-GDP ratios. Those turned out not to be true. A better question might be, you know, what are we running up the debt for?","During World War II, the country ran huge deficits, and I think history generally considers that money well spent to preserve democracy, defeat the Nazis. We'll see how history judges deficit spending now to provide tax cuts and boost government spending in an economy that's already close to full employment.","That is NPR's White House correspondent Scott Horsley. Thanks so much.","Good to be with you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Deficit spending to provide tax cuts may not be judged favorably in history","questions":"Which event in history may make people reconsider deficit spending for tax cuts?","answer":"recession"}
{"text":["Yes. In fact, he displays every symptom of chronic sleep deprivation as described by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine - difficulty processing information, paranoid tendencies, mood swings. The way he made statements that he actually had to retract, like banishing women who have abortion, shows that sleep deprivation is a slippery slope.","You tried to uphold an editorial policy early in the campaign about not covering Donald Trump as a political story but as an entertainment story. Then after, what, a couple - a few weeks or months, you found you couldn't do that.","Well, what happened is that we changed our policy the day that he proposed to ban 1. 6 billion Muslims from this country. The day he made this completely un-American pronouncement, we believe that covering him as a clear and present danger was legitimate.","How many times have you been doing interviews for this book and somebody has pretended to fall asleep on you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the question \"How many times have you been doing interviews for this book and somebody has pretended to fall asleep on you?\" is not asking about literal instances where someone has actually fallen asleep during an interview. Instead, it is likely implying that the interviews may have been boring or uninteresting for the interviewee, and therefore they may have appeared to be falling asleep as a way to show disinterest or disapproval.","questions":"What is the implication of the question asked by PersonB in turn (3)?","answer":"Boring"}
{"text":["Well, what it does is it does away with the prohibition against rating on pre-existing conditions, meaning that if you have a pre-existing condition - and about a third of us do - that you could be charged a much higher rate for insurance. So let me give you an example. Somebody is working, they have insurance, and they have a catastrophic illness - cancer, some other calamity. They have to stop working because they need to get their condition taken care of. If they're out for 60 days, they lose their insurance. And now, they have to pay whatever the insurance company decides is the premium because they are - now have a pre-existing condition. Somebody in that situation may never be able to accumulate enough money to pay the very high premiums and get back on the cycle of having continuous insurance coverage.","Now, of course, Speaker Ryan looks forward to what are called now high-risk pools. These would be plans that are essentially devoted to try and accommodate people who have expensive and pre-existing conditions. You're not convinced that would do it.","Well, I think that the problem with those is in the fine print. First of all, very often they are not adequately funded. And many of the high-risk pools have lifetime caps, lifetime limits.","What kind of reforms would you like to make?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) Please choose a confidence score ( marks how confidence you are that there is implied meaning in this turn ) :   4 : You are not sure whether everybody will agree that this turn has implied meanings but you believe that most of them will Please write a implied meaning ( More than 8 words! ) :","questions":"How does PersonB respond to PersonA's suggestion for high-risk pools?","answer":"Reforms"}
{"text":["Well, this, of course, has been something people have been looking for for a long time. Family members of those who were killed are calling it a victory. Fred Guttenberg, father of Jaime Guttenberg said - this is a quote from him - he said, \"he could have saved my daughter, and he didn't. May he rot in hell. \"Jaime Guttenberg was one of the last to be shot that day, and so that's some pretty raw feelings here about all this.","What we heard from a - the current sheriff in Broward County, Gregory Tony, said it's never too late to - for accountability and justice. He also fired another officer who was involved at the school today, as well. He's not charged. And we heard from Florida Department of Law Enforcement head Rick Swearingen who said there can be no excuse for Peterson's complete inaction and no question that his inaction cost lives.","That's NPR's Greg Allen in Miami. Thank you for your reporting.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The family members of the killed victims are happy to see that the offender is finally being held accountable for his actions.","questions":"Which victims' family member expressed their anger towards the offender?","answer":"Guttenberg"}
{"text":["In real terms, it could be all of them. When this rolls out, we have to roll it out very carefully. Anything that is attached to the artwork must do no damage. So it's easy or relatively easy to tag - put the tag on the back of a painting. It's not going to be visible from the front and it's a relatively straightforward process. And I say relatively because the adhesion processes have to be very carefully analyzed. The second stage of this is actually getting into artwork with, for example, contemporary art that is in the form of sculptures. And we have to develop a methodology to apply these tags to non-flat surfaces.","And how expensive is a DNA embed, Mr.  Tenniswood?","So basic costs of the tag will probably be about $150 per piece of art.","Well, big museums can afford that, although some of the large collections that's - that'll be quite a lot of money, won't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the literal meaning is a straightforward question about the cost of DNA embedding. However, the implied meaning is that the cost of DNA embedding may be high or prohibitive, and the question is intended to confirm this suspicion.","questions":"Which turn implies that the cost of DNPersonA embedding may be expensive?","answer":"turn1"}
{"text":["How did she describe it?","It happened to be a beautiful day when she posted this picture, but you see rubble side by side with, you know, people doing their shopping, people just going about their business, school kids returning to school. It's surreal.","So there's the physical scars of this conflict, but what about the other one that you mentioned, which is justice?Will there be justice for anyone who committed atrocities?There's so much evidence of the chemical attacks, the murders, the torture, the disappearances. What happens to that?","There are some bright spots of hope - the fact that we saw - that we're starting to see indictments in European courts. You know, interestingly enough, a lot of people who were perpetrators of some of the worst crimes inside Syria, whether they did it in the name of the regime or in the name of an opposition, have found themselves in Europe and, therefore, sort of subject to European justice because other Syrians have recognized them. Other Syrians have identified them. And there might be hopes that there can be an accountability in that sense.","But I think inside Syria, you know, the actual architects of most of this - of this incredible disaster still remain at large. And not only at large or in power, but about to potentially be incredibly enriched by the reconstruction that, in theory, is coming to Syria.","So what do you think the road ahead looks like for Syria?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : There is not a road but life in general that is meant here. What Syria will go through is what is meant.","questions":"What is the implication of the turn in statement 5?","answer":"life"}
{"text":["Oh, I come off great. I'm a great character, Dain Ironfoot. I don't have much to do. It's, like, in a cameo role. And I'm not really sure how much I'm allowed to say, but the king dies and I step into his place in a very violent way. But I'm a ruffian, you know. I ride a wild pig and I wear iron shoes and I use an ax as a weapon, and it's - I've got hair down to my waist, and my beard down to my waist and tattooed face, and it's an extraordinarily appearance. It takes two-and-a-half hours to get me ready.","Well, that can't have been fun.","I was the wheel(ph) in a Volkswagen.","I've got so much stuff on."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Being a wheel in a Volkswagen implies that he was carrying a lot of physical material","questions":"Which word describes the amount of material that the speaker was carrying?","answer":"Amount"}
{"text":["So explain to me how this system actually works.","Well, the first thing is to know what the weather is so you can know what the weather will be. That's the crux of it. So you need as complete observations of the global atmosphere as possible, which means coming from satellites and weather buoys and from sensors and airliners. And then once you know what it is, what you can do is then begin to run it forward in time.","But rather than just, you know, sort of being plugged into the supercomputers - you know, in comes the present, and out comes the future - the models are really a kind of ongoing concern. Every six hours, every 12 hours, they compare their own forecast with the latest observations. And so the models in reality are kind of - you know, they're sort of dancing together, where the model makes a forecast, and it's corrected slightly by the observations that are coming in.","And does anyone own these models and these satellites?I mean, is it part of a global web?Or does America have a certain piece of this and every country sort of have their own proprietary information that somehow gets passed along?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's not plugged in but typed in the computers. The models don't dance together but the data works together.","questions":"Which verb describes the models in the statement?","answer":"Work"}
{"text":["I'm very sad, very sad.","You've been with us from the very, very beginning. Tell us how talking about personal finance has changed since then.","Well, obviously, the biggest change has been the economic - I call it mudslide - that we're going through. When I first began, things were pretty good. I mean, although, at the time, I was trying to tell people, you know, things are good but you always have to prepare for the worst. And obviously, the worse has happened. And over the years, you know, many people have sent in questions and emailed me, and the listeners have just been wonderful. And I think I helped a lot of people. I do hear from people who took the advice and got their lives together, and some people who took the advice and are weathering the economic storm because they were prepared.","And have you changed your advice over the years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The economic change has been very destructive to everyone and everything.","questions":"How has the economic change been?","answer":"bad"}
{"text":["Yeah.","And he's been the finance guy. We just don't know that yet. But I think, you know, if it turns out that he is cooperating or does get fuller immunity, he really could turn out to be an enormously important part of this investigation.","After Michael Cohen pleaded guilty and implicated the president, we saw a tweet from President - in an interview, Trump said flipping almost ought to be illegal. Fair to say that the cases couldn't be made without getting people to flip?","Absolutely. I mean, there's no question. And we often see people who are convicted of crimes where there are cooperators - say, you know, you shouldn't be allowed to do this. That itself should be a crime. But the reality is that in order to prove a lot of cases, particularly very serious cases, we need to have someone who's in the room when all the action happens, when the crime happens or who's involved in transactions or murders or whatever who can tell the story. And so it's essential to have that voice."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People do not physically flip. They change their positions on issues.","questions":"What did Trump say should almost be illegal?","answer":"Flipping"}
{"text":["Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me.","One of the things you've written about is complicity in the power establishment. But also, you believe some women have been complicit - people you call game girls.","I do indeed write about the way that many of the women - including myself - many of the women I know are wrestling with the ways in which we have participated in this system or not participated in this system. So many of us - if not all of us - have engaged in this in one way or another, whether we were the objects of harassment or assault, whether we decided to stay silent and not report assaults - sometimes in an effort to not get the backlash that many women got when they did file complaints. But if we did that, then did we enable the perpetrators to do it to other women who are our younger colleagues or who came after us?If we did not participate - if we rebuffed, did that hurt our careers?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) can mean \"Many of us have participated in this system in some way, whether we were the victims of harassment or assault, or if we chose to stay silent, which may have enabled perpetrators to do the same to other women.\"","questions":"Which word describes the term used to refer to women who have been complicit in the power establishment, according to A?","answer":"Complicity"}
{"text":["Much less than the NFL football players got.","Far less. Far less. And, I mean, we - this is a big issue. I mean, in 2011, there were three guys - Wade Belak, Rick Rypien and Derek Boogard - who all died within six months of one another. They were all enforcers - two buy suicide, one from drugs.","And it really was a wakeup call to the hockey world and to people who do that job of fighting for a living. And they kind of looked at these titans of the sport to say, wait a minute, if those guys who we look up to, who we idolize, who we see as the toughest enforcers on skates can die from this, then maybe we can too. And that's what I get into with my first character, James McEwan. He kind of goes into a mental health tailspin because he sees these guys perish. And he goes, well, this could happen to me, too.","Some of the players you interviewed suggest ways to reduce fighting in hockey. They have solutions. Tell us about some of their ideas."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It made the people that work in the sport of hockey realize the importance of what was happening. James McEwan's mental heath went down sharply.","questions":"How did James McEwan react to the deaths of the enforcers?","answer":"Mental"}
{"text":["We're talking with Stephen Sestanovich, George F.  Kennan senior fellow for Russian and Eurasian studies at the Council on Foreign Relations. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. And Russia also faces some serious demographic issues, a dwindling population. The future does not look as rosy as it might have.","The demographic issue has been one that's preoccupied the Russian leadership for some years. There are moments where they seem to think that they - there's been an upturn in the birth rate. But broadly speaking, they're looking at a decline in the population of, you know, starting a decade or so ago, the population has dropped seven or eight million since the Soviet Union collapsed.","And we talked about the future with Vladimir Putin. What about the forgotten man, if you will, the interregnum president, Dmitry Medvedev?","Well, he is an interesting figure in Russian politics. A lot of people joke about him now. He's, well, humiliated really by what Putin did to him in taking his job away and saying, you know, let me drive now. The question is whether Medvedev, who is now going to be given the job of prime minister, will have any real clout in the ability to pursue the agenda that he has tried to make his own over the past four years, which is modernization, reform, ending corruption, reducing the role of the economy - of the state in the economy. Will he stick with those issues?Will he be able to push them through or will he just be a flunky of Putin?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Russia's population has been decreasing since the Soviet Union collapsed.","questions":"Which country's population has been dwindling since the collapse of the Soviet Union?","answer":"Russia"}
{"text":["So, Emery, let's find out a little bit more about where you started and your family. You grew up in Hilton Head. And a lot of folks know it now as a resort town, but I'm sure it's changed a lot. What do you remember from your childhood?","Oh, I remember Hilton Head when they were only about 1,500 people, at most, living here. I grew up here in the '40s and the '50s and I tell folks that I thought everybody in the world was Gullah except Dick and Jane.","So what does Gullah mean to you?What does it mean in terms of how you speak, how you dress, how you tell stories?Tell us what it means on the inside to be a part of Gullah culture.","Well, to be a part of Gullah culture meant that you pretty much knew who you were - we still do know who we are. And by that, I mean, everything that we saw when we grew up, Gullah people produce it - we produce our own food, we produce our own stories because we told them to one another, and made our boats, gather our own food, had our own spiritual life because we have little praise houses in every neighborhood. And the leaders of those praise houses were Gullah family members. And family was very important because families live close together. To us, Gullah was a world to itself."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In this turn, the speaker is comparing the size of Hilton Head when it was a small town in the 40s and 50s to its current size now as a resort town. ","questions":"What was the approximate population of Hilton Head when the speaker grew up there?","answer":"'40s"}
{"text":["So off I went to Moscow with a couple of colleagues to talk about how intelligence services should work in democracies. And I found myself sitting in the Lubyanka, their headquarters, which over the years had been sort of prison death cell torture chamber, facing a long line of KGB officers and talking to them about democratic oversight and such things. It was certainly one of the strangest events of my working life I think.","(Laughter) Forgive me, but this is a week to ask - do you think they took good notes?Were they paying attention to this democracy?","(Laughter) No, I don't think they were actually. They looked at us with rather hard, cynical eyes. And I wrote somewhere that it seemed to be like two wild animals surveying their prey but not being able to get at them. But I don't think they were particularly interested in all this oversight and democracy stuff, no.","And may I ask you, just based on your experience and the way you survey events, what does Russia want these days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) implies that the speaker found the KGB officers intimidating and felt like they were looking at him and his colleagues with menace.","questions":"Which feeling did the speaker have towards the KGPersonB officers?","answer":"Menace"}
{"text":["So how - are governments in general, from what we know from the past, responsive to seeing these changes in how people act and the problems people have?","Well, of course, governments try to have programs that start more or less automatically when the economy starts changing, particularly downward. So we have extensions of unemployment compensation systems. We have extensions of disability systems. We have attempts to shift investment to try to stimulate regions where it looks like the economy is starting to contract.","The current problem is, as with all recessions, it looks like it's starting to contract almost everywhere. So finding resources to help those places which are contracting worse means you're taking resources from places where the economy is also contracting. So it does create a public policy problem, but you do see the response that we are currently having, which is that the government will apparently borrow considerable amounts of money and try to stimulate the economy to try to soften this contraction across the country so that the population does not become more desperate than it is or needs to be.","All right. Professor, we are going to have to take a station break. When we come back, I want to ask you about the ways that we treat each other differently, that people in communities may treat each other differently, based on these kinds of stress. Again, we are speaking with Ralph Catalano of UC Berkeley about how societies react during hard times."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"soften\" the contraction implies that the government will try to reduce the negative effects people suffer from the economic contraction.","questions":"How does the government aim to reduce negative effects during an economic contraction, according to turn 2?","answer":"shopping"}
{"text":["Yeah.","I'm also told by White House officials the Secret Service director was not connected to security questions at Mar-a-Lago. It was in the works before the latest security breach there - Chinese woman with a lot of passports and hard drives.","Right.","But - so this is not necessarily directly connected to immigration unlike Nielsen's resignation, which was immigration-related."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"It was in the works before the latest security breach there - Chinese woman with a lot of passports and hard drives.\" Implication: The Secret Service director's departure from Mar-a-Lago was planned before the security breach involving a Chinese woman with multiple passports and hard drives.","questions":"Which security issue was the Secret Service director's departure from Mar-a-Lago not directly connected to?","answer":"Immigration"}
{"text":["You know, it's a tremendous feeling. You really feel like you have a view from the shoulders of generations. You know, I'm a fifth-generation member of the association, and we've been working for this moment implicitly since our founding and really explicitly since 1960. You know, just generations of activists registering people to vote. You know, suing local governments to make sure that blacks could run for various offices.","But you know, work has been done by generations with discipline to get us to a point where finally, 230 years after - 232 years after the founding of this republic, we have a multi-racial, multi-gender race. And it's incredible.","Let's go back to some of the practical issues because it strikes me that one of the people who certainly knows so much about politics, Donna Brazile, mentioned something about what can go wrong with the vote. In the year 2000, her sister encountered problems. She was asked by authorities to provide multiple forms of ID on her way to vote. And she called up Donna, and Donna, of course, was like, well, that's not the way things are supposed to work.","Right."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is being implied that her sister was not treated according to law.","questions":"How was Donna Brazile's sister treated while trying to vote?","answer":"Problematically"}
{"text":["Absolutely, absolutely.",". . . To provide even more confidential information, yeah.","Also, importantly, this list - the clearance-holders' foreign national contacts. That is the foreigners you are in close and continuing contact with. If I were China, I'd be looking for any Chinese national who pops up in those forms for exploitation. This is counterespionage-101 kind of stuff.","There are widespread reports that China is behind all this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  is that B is implying that China is likely to be responsible for the events in question.","questions":"What is PersonB's response to PersonA's counterespionage warning?","answer":"Agreement"}
{"text":["I started the business as a hobby. I needed a break from the logical legal work that I was doing every day, and I decided as a creative outlet I'd like to start making spa products as a gift. I contacted a store in Canada, and they sent me some raw ingredients, taught me how to mix some things. I took them in to work, and people really liked them.","People often think of, say, Carol's Daughter, you know, and the spa-product industry being a woman's thing. But I also remember going down to cover Hurricane Katrina and there was a doctor, Dr.  Friedman, who - he and his sons would make soaps and things like that. What spoke to you about this business?Why did you want to do it?","I was looking for a sense of wellness, and I've always tried to take good care of myself. So, one of the things I would do is, I work very hard, but I also take good care of myself in a healthy way. So, one of the ways I do that is by going to spas. I've always been a fan of the product, and I was a great consumer of the product. So, in building my business, I knew exactly what I expected, as a high-end consumer, of the market.","Some people say, OK, spa items, beauty items, those are all things that people will cut in tough times. What have you seen in terms of the past year or so of your business?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker's experience as a consumer helped in building their business.","questions":"What trait did the speaker have as a consumer that was useful in building their business?","answer":"Experience"}
{"text":["Well, first of all, you have to question your decision as to whether or not you're at the end of the road. You're in the road if somebody's hitting on you, no doubt about it, you're at the end of the road. But you have to really question, am I at the end of the road?Or am I just at the beginning of a road where I need help. You need to go to a marriage counselor to make sure that decision needs to be made.","In this current economic situation where houses have lost value, I mean, it's unique in that sense, sometimes, and that's usually the biggest asset that anybody has, that has, and there's been a study done on it recently, compelled people who would otherwise divorce to stay together. So once you have, made a decision that economically, it is not feasible, you have to make it emotionally reasonable, and you have to do something to address the emotional issues that you have because you simply cannot get out.","If you just had one sentence of advice for someone who really does think that they've reached the end of the road, but the other person in the relationship says no, we haven't. What would you say to that person?","Go to a marriage counselor. Go to a third party and work it because you don't know where it went wrong, probably."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The road is a metaphor, not literal. It refers to the path a people take from a happy marriage to needing divorce. End of the road is the latter.","questions":"What does the phrase \"end of the road\" refer to in the context of the dialogue?","answer":"Divorce"}
{"text":["It's a pleasure to be with you. And thank you very much for having me.","So this issue has been kind of dancing around the edges of political discourse for years now. I mean, Jesse Jackson made it part of his platform when he ran for president in 1988. And as we mentioned, your former colleague, Representative Conyers, reintroduced the bill in every congressional session for 25 years. But now it seems to be gaining some traction again. Why do you think that is?","I frankly believe that there's something to elections - And this is a Democratic House with Democratic leadership - and also the times. And it is tragic, but it is real that we've seen an uptick in racial incidences - white supremacy, white nationalism. And so the question of slavery, frankly, has never been addressed, particularly from the institutional governmental perspective. And I've updated the language of the resolution, HR40, and that is that it is a commission to study and to engage in proposals, recommendations on the question of reparation.","And it really goes to, I think, more people understanding that 40 acres and a mule was a legitimate concept right after the Emancipation Proclamation, and that never happened. But yet cotton was king. It was an economic engine of the entire United States. And so the prominence of the United States today in the 21st century is grounded on the free brutal labor that Africans gave and their descendants."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The issue of reparations for slavery is gaining more attention recently, especially with Democratic leadership and the rise of racial incidents.","questions":"Which political figure made reparations a part of their platform during their 1988 presidential campaign?","answer":"Jackson"}
{"text":["So at this Fountain Hills rally he started to talk, and it's weird because he's not really saying anything. There's a lot of strange, empty assertions and kind of conservative talking points, you know, the wall and all this kind of stuff. But there is definitely an energy ripple that goes out.","And when I went out to the protesters at the time that he started speaking, they reported there was a change in the energy of the people walking by them. Suddenly there was hostility and swearing. And a woman was grabbed by the breast and thrown to the ground, and a rock was thrown. And so the correlation between his voice going out and people's behavior was observable in the place.","You ended this piece saying that you never before imagined that what you called the fragile American experiment could fail, but now you can. Why?","Well, because the way that media falls on our mind and then inflects it has changed so much. You know, as a fiction writer, one of things you learn is God lives in specificity. You know, human kindness is increased as we pursue specificity."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that A is implying that the way media is consumed has changed drastically, and this could lead to the failure of the American experiment.","questions":"What is PersonA's concern regarding the impact of media consumption on the American experiment?","answer":"American"}
{"text":["And based on your experience, Ms.  Rosenberg, how much do France and the U. K.  and Germany want to be different than U. S.  policy in this regard?","Right now is the period of true testing of exactly that question. How independent do they want their foreign policy to be, given that there's a long-standing, close relationship between trans-Atlantic security partners and significant collaboration and interconnectivity in the economic sphere?So on the one hand, Europe wants to adhere to its own principles on foreign policy and economic relations, which lead it to diverge from the United States in the matter of this Iran deal. On the other hand, that may mean risking quite a lot.","Elizabeth Rosenberg of the Center for a New American Security, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Europe wants to assert its independence from the US while risking consequences","questions":"Which principle leads Europe to diverge from the United States in the matter of this Iran deal?","answer":"Principles"}
{"text":["The new head of the EPA, Lisa Jackson, says that she'll look at this, and quickly. How confident are you now that this is going to happen, and how soon?","Well, she's definitely going to look at it right away, because the president announced that he was asking her to do so. She also committed to us that she would. And I'm very confident, because if science is to prevail, we're going to get the waiver. The scientists at EPA said that EPA had no leg to stand on in terms of turning down a waiver so that we could have cleaner cars and lessen global warming in our state. Our state is really vulnerable to global warming, with our old forests and our coastlines and all the problems that we have so many people, so many cars. So we're ready to go. And the whole notion is that the federal government shouldn't stand in the way of progress here.","Senator Boxer, is it your intention that stricter standards adopted in California eventually become the standard for the rest of the country?","Well, actually 19 states have already embraced it, so we know that half of the country is already going to embrace it. As far as the other states, I don't know. But clearly, when half of the country has embraced our standards, we're going to see technology step up to the plate because they have this big market.","Auto makers, as you know, argue that the new standards would burden an already badly crippled industry. Legitimate or not legitimate?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The EPA had no facts to back up their reason for turning down a waiver.","questions":"Which agency did not have sufficient evidence to reject the waiver?","answer":"EPA"}
{"text":["Sure. There are a lot of things on the horizon right now. I know learning about the systems on the space station will be part of our training over the next two years. But, you know, right now, both Boeing and SpaceX are working on commercial crew vehicles, the CST-100 Starliner and the Dragon vehicle, so those are also possibilities. And then NASA itself is working on the Orion. So a lot of new, exciting things coming up that we could potentially be doing in the near future.","So what is your dream, though?If you could go anywhere, do anything in space, reality, you know, not even being a limit, what would you like it to be?","Honestly, right now, my dream is to go to space, so anything that NASA would give me if they assigned me to any mission I would be more than overjoyed.","I have a question because I'm the mother of a young girl who is fascinated like you were by space exploration. And especially to young girls of color, what is your message to them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  To give a message means to communicate an idea or opinion in an attempt to influence people, rather than simply conveying facts","questions":"How would you describe the purpose of giving a message in turn 3?","answer":"Influence"}
{"text":["So, you're skeptical about a car czar. You think that there should be loans, though, with strict provisions attached to them.","Right, right.","What else?What else needs to be done?I mean, this is a massive, massive problem, and two of the three are facing extinction at this point.","Don't forget, what's putting them in this condition is the economic, you know, the economic condition of the nation right now. But the kind of fixed-cost structure that these auto companies have is massive, massive losses that have to do with what's happening to demand."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The current economic situation requires more than loans to help the auto companies - other measures must be taken.","questions":"Which problem requires more than loans to help the auto companies?","answer":"Problem"}
{"text":["Where to begin the week in politics?The Mooch removed, the White House staff shaken - if not stirred - more leaks, a rally and more developments in the Russian investigation. In studio, we have Molly Ball, staff writer who covers politics for The Atlantic. Molly, thanks for being back with us.","I'm glad to be here.","Isn't that what we got in the news business?It's never dull, is it?","It really has not been. And in a way, this White House is really a gift to all of us in the journalistic community. When we might have traditionally been slacking off for the summer, particularly on the political beat - there's usually sort of a summer doldrums - but no, we have the bounty of news that seems to flood every week out of Washington."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The chaos in the White House is providing a lot of news content for journalists to cover.","questions":"Which beat does PersonA mention typically has a summer doldrums?","answer":"Political"}
{"text":["It's out of sight. It's really high. We have actual concentrations and standards that are somewhere like four, five times lower than that. So, these are all very, very high numbers, even when they're low on the Chinese scale.","It sounds as though you could project things ahead for the beginning of the Olympics. What would you expect?","Well, it's pretty good right now. But I've just been looking at the extended forecast for winds, and the middle of next week, things are going to change quite radically, around the 3rd or the 4th. The big high-pressure system from out over the Pacific is going to kick in, and that's going to produce strong winds coming over the polluted areas to the south of Beijing, and it's going to pick up a lot of pollution. And according to these forecasts, it's going to be a pretty dirty end of next week. And unfortunately, that coincides with the Opening Ceremonies a week from today.","Ken, these are official Chinese numbers that you're working with, and you are sitting there in Rhode Island looking at these. Are the numbers trustworthy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Are the numbers trustworthy?\" - This does not literally mean that the speaker is questioning whether the numbers can be trusted. It implies that the speaker is skeptical about the accuracy of the numbers and is seeking clarification.","questions":"What does the question \"Are the numbers trustworthy?\" imply?","answer":"Skepticism"}
{"text":["This is News & Notes. I'm Farai Chideya. In 1944, an Italian prisoner of war was lynched in a riot. It took place at Fort Lawton in Seattle, Washington. Forty-three black soldiers were charged in the incident; 28 of them were convicted. More than 60 years later, the Army Board of Correction overturned the convictions. The military found major issues with the soldiers' court martial. Joining us today is Howard Cooley. He's an attorney with the law firm Patrick Henry. The firm represented the family of Booker Townsell, one of the soldiers charged in the case. Thank you for joining me.","Thank you, and thank you for having me.","So tell us about Booker Townsell. Who was he, and what had he been through before and after the court martial?","He was a young man who was drafted in World War II, like so many other people. Seems to have had a - not a - nothing remarkable about his background, from what I'm able to understand. And - but he did become quite remarkable during World War II because he became a prisoner - he had to guard some prisoners of war, some Italian prisoners of war. And the riot broke out and then he, as a result of that, he was convicted, he was dismissed from the service with adverse honors."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"dismissed from the service with adverse honors\" - the phrase \"dismissed with adverse honors\" seems contradictory because \"honors\" usually connote a positive recognition, while \"dismissed\" connotes being fired or removed from service. In this case, it means that Booker Townsell was removed from service in a dishonorable manner.","questions":"What was the reason for Booker Townsell's dismissal from the service?","answer":"Dishonorable"}
{"text":["They're voting for him for various reasons. A, he was a very big Maidan supporter. He was clearly pushing the opposition to take a very pro-European and pro-Western stand. He was helping with those victims during the fights. He was basically becoming one of the faces of Maidan. And that's one of the reasons why people are actually voting for him. The second reason is because he is an oligarch where, actually, now they can turn to.","You know, when you have the central government break down, the people need some kind of stability. And that's not going to be civil society. It needs to be something bigger than that. And the oligarchs are coming, very interestingly, back in the picture by that. The question is not whether Poroshenko is going to win and why he's going to win - what he's going to do with his mandate. If he understands that he needs to bring in a new generation of Ukrainians and do the reform, I think Ukraine is going to be in a very good place.","Balazs Jarabik is a scholar and analyst we reached from Kiev. Thanks very much for being with us.","Thanks, really, for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  A: \"Thanks, really, for having me.\" - The literal meaning of this turn is an expression of gratitude for being invited to participate. The actual meaning is that the speaker appreciates the opportunity to share their knowledge and expertise on the topic at hand.","questions":"Which turn reflects the PersonA's opinion on the importance of reform for the future of Ukraine?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["So when the president says that uninsured individuals who are immigrants are a burden on the health care system, that is not the main cause of the burden of the uninsured. Most of that is citizens, so he is actually incorrect.","Absolutely. The vast majority of uninsured Americans are U. S.  citizens. That is the big challenge we have. We are obviously way more complicated here, and we're looking to make it even more complicated for people to visit the United States, potentially more expensive, and thereby discourage particularly people who are not of means from visiting the United States.","That was Anne Dunkelberg of the Center for Public Policy Priorities in Austin, Texas. Thank you so much.","Thank you, Lulu."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : THANK YOU REFERS TO THE ONE ARE THE HELP.","questions":"How does turn 3 indicate who is being thanked?","answer":"Lulu"}
{"text":["And has the difficulties of the rebel forces, the defeat in Qusair, the prospect of a bigger defeat in Aleppo, has that concentrated minds on, well, we ought to get unified, otherwise we're going to be in serious trouble.","You would think, but it appears not yet. This is a very chaotic movement. The Free Syrian Army is a brand. It is not an army. And I have been reading accounts of the supreme military commander General Salim Idris, who is the Americans' favorite choice - the choice for funneling arms to the rebels. He was elected by commanders in December. His power on the ground is very limited.","It's certainly in Northern Syria. It is the radical Islamist brigades that have the most weapons, the most power, the most training. He is trying to build a force there hoping that the weapons that come to him from the Americans will give him some power that he - I read today that he had a meeting with commanders who were yelling at him. When you get these weapons, put them on TV so that we all know that they've arrived and then we'll have a transparent system. And he said, wait. In the military, you have to have secrets.","I'm not putting the weapons on TV. So you seen that he - I mean, I don't mean to laugh, but I. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Not arms that are funneled but weapons that are provided to them.","questions":"What did the Americans choose General Salim Idris for?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["There are 13 suspects being held in connection with these bombings. Is there much known about them?","Not much. Police say they've also uncovered a van that was used by the attackers, also a safe house. Three police officers were killed in a blast at that property. Officials say the suspects detonated explosives, killing themselves rather than being taken into custody alive. The big question is who those suspects are, whether these attacks were planned locally or internationally. And there's been no claim of responsibility. Sri Lanka's been through this before, though. It fought a 26-year civil war. And at the height of that conflict, bombings were common on shopping malls, hotels, attacks like this. And what's sad is that Sri Lanka was just about to celebrate 10 years of peace, 10 years since the end of that conflict.","Lauren, it was just five weeks ago that the mosque shootings happened in New Zealand. Do you have any sense of worldwide reaction to what happened in Sri Lanka?","Yeah. I mean, the Eiffel Tower shut off its lights tonight to pay tribute to the Sri Lanka victims. Messages of shock and condolences are pouring in, including from the New Zealand prime minister. President Trump also tweeted his condolences. He said, quote, \"we stand ready to help\" - exclamation point. Pope Francis spoke at St.  Peter's Square in Rome, saying that he wanted to express his loving closeness to the Christian community in Sri Lanka. He noted that, you know, many of these people were killed while they were praying, attending services on Easter Sunday morning."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"President Trump also tweeted his condolences.He said, quote, 'we stand ready to help' - exclamation point.\" - The literal meaning is that President Trump expressed his sympathies for the victims and offered to assist in any way possible. The actual meaning is that President Trump's offer to help may be perceived as insincere or politically motivated by some people, given his controversial history with certain groups and countries.","questions":"How might some people perceive President Trump's offer to help?","answer":"Insincere"}
{"text":["What were some of the challenging parts of school?What did you find the hardest?","Reading, studying my lessons. You know, because I had to read more, you know, and because, you know, as you get older, your short-term memory sort of fails you once in a while. So to make sure that you got the material where you could reproduce it, you had to study a little harder and do a little more research.","So tell me what graduation day was like?","Oh, the best day of my life, I guess. Life doesn't get any better. Life doesn't get any better. With my family there, all my friends cheering me on, I felt like I was 16 years old. What a day. What a day. I was happy. Everybody was pleased. They gave me a good ovation. I really enjoyed it. I really did. I cannot explain to you in words my feelings."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Oh, the best day of my life, I guess.Life doesn't get any better.Life doesn't get any better.With my family there, all my friends cheering me on, I felt like I was 16 years old.What a day.What a day.I was happy.Everybody was pleased.They gave me a good ovation.I really enjoyed it.I really did.I cannot explain to you in words my feelings.","questions":"What was the occasion that made PersonA feel like they were 16 years old?","answer":"Graduation"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","David Hockney is obviously not myself. But it's the same process of writing. I'm trying to understand from the inside. I am not interested in the factual truth. My book is very factual. I read everything. It's as accurate as it can be. I cannot invent. He's alive. The man is alive. He's 81. I cannot invent his life. But what interested me is really the emotional truth. How could he be a figurative artist at a time when everybody was abstract?Try to imagine this young David Hockney arriving from his provincial town in London at the age of 22 and discovering that figurative painting, which is what he's doing, is not done.","He has a friend at the school who says, oh, you cannot paint like Monet after Pollock. And David Hockney hears this and thinks, oh, my God, if I continue painting the way I was painting, I'm done for. I will never be well-known. So it is complicated. And I tried to place myself in his mind. He tried to become an abstract painter. But he was very depressed. And his friend, at some point, told him, you know, stop thinking about being a contemporary artist. It doesn't matter. You are contemporary. You live in your time. Just paint what matters to you.","You - I mean, it's extraordinary that you didn't know David Hockney before you started looking into this only a few years ago. And now that you've done so much research into his life, what is the thing that is more resonant to you?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : trying to place myself in his mind implies a persons way of thinking and\/or their point of view","questions":"How did the friend's advice impact Hockney's art?","answer":"Depressed"}
{"text":["Well, you're a gifted counselor. What do you think it might be?","I think it's triggering our students who have already experienced trauma and secondary trauma, and they've seen things. And we've seen students go through all kinds of emotional reactions during drills - panic and sadness and grief and fear because during those drills, you really don't know what's happening.","Given your history, given what you do now, given how close you come to some of these terrible issues, issues that are often too terrible to contemplate - if there are any one, two or three things you can change or say need to be done right now, what would they be?","I think our schools are doing everything they possibly can to make the environment safe. And I think one of the things that needs to change is it is not a conversation just for our schools anymore. What's happening is our world and our society are now entering our schools. And so we need to address our world and our society."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The emotional toll of safety drills on students is significant and needs to be addressed.","questions":"Which toll needs to be addressed?","answer":"Emotional"}
{"text":["Oh, it was amazing. It was phenomenal. For comedians, we don't really have many prestigious things. We don't have the Olympics. We don't have an all-star game. We don't have - so there's very few milestones you can achieve as a stand-up comedian, and being on a late-night talk show, especially \"The Tonight Show,\" which goes back to the Carson days, I mean, that's - that is what you strive for, you know?","So it was amazing to come out and do that. Although it was funny, I mean that wasn't my lifelong dream because I didn't even know about that. So people ask me, they go, was that - well, I mean, this must have been your dream since you were a child. I go, no, no. Actually, my dream when I was child was to be free and just to get more candy. That's really all I wanted. So. . .","They go together.","Yeah. Leno came much later on. That was - but it was an amazing, amazing time, being on the show."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"my dream when I was a child was to be free and just to get more candy.\" - The speaker is using humor to downplay the idea that appearing on a late-night talk show was their lifelong dream. They are implying that their childhood dream was much simpler and less ambitious than what they have achieved as an adult.","questions":"Which achievement is the speaker implying was not their lifelong dream?","answer":"Late-night-talk-show"}
{"text":["Investors are ecstatic about central bankers working there. Listen to this, the German DAX Index up about 10 percent, the French CAC 40, up more than nine percent. Now, they are both measures like the Dow 30, which on Wall Street jumped 500 points in the morning.","In Britain, Prime Minister Gordon Brown put $65 billion of government money into three British banks. NPR's Rod Gifford is in London. We're going to him. Rob, hello. I think that people are saying it is this British plan, the so-called British plan that seems to be may be spurring a little bit of a recovery around the world. What is the British government doing, and what does it want in return?","Well, as you say, Alex, Gordon Brown is getting a lot of kudos from this, because he was the one who put this plan forward last week. What they're doing, as you say, is to put a lot of government money that is taxpayer's money, $65 billion worth of it, into three British banks into order to - they hope - free up the bank to bank lending, and the whole crisis of confidence that has struck British banks as it has done elsewhere.","In return - some very important conditions they want in return. Right upfront, leaders of these banks that have got into trouble must step down. Bonuses are being frozen for other executives who stay on and crucially, the demand that these banks maintain mortgage lending and small-business lending at 2007 levels, levels of last year."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The British government is being praised for its plan to save the banks.","questions":"What is the reason for the praise given to the British government?","answer":"Plan"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. European leaders meet in Brussels to discuss further sanctions against Russia. That's after Russia's military incursion this week in eastern Ukraine. Those Russian troops and their military equipment are widely believed to be helping separatist fighters and their new offensive in southeastern Ukraine. The rebels were able to capture a strategic town on Thursday. And NPR's Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson is there. Soraya, thanks very much for being with us. Tell us about this town that was captured.","The town is called Novoazovsk, and it's a resort town on the seaside here - the sea of Azov. There about 13,000 people live here, although it looks very vacant at the moment. But what happened is, earlier this week, separatist forces came in. They fought with Ukrainians, who - and the separatists claim they fled fairly quickly. But the fighting was pretty intense for three days according to the residents that we spoke to.","And at this point, it's under the control of the pro-separatist forces. Now we actually saw somebody who looked - I mean, he sounded Russian. He had a Russian gun. There seems to be a mix of people here. Definitely not locals who are here. But the separatists claim that they do not have any Russians among them. That these are Ukrainian fighters who are here that are creating the new Russia and that all the weapons and tanks that we're seeing - and we've seen at least three tanks here. They claim that these are confiscated from Ukrainians.","Is the takeover popular?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The implied meaning of this question is to ask whether the people of Novoazovsk are in favour of the takeover by pro-separatist forces.","questions":"How was the takeover perceived by locals?","answer":"Intense"}
{"text":["Well, people were definitely shocked by the results, but I think a lot of people here feel like this is an exciting change, and there's a strong feeling in Israel that this is going to bring the focus back to domestic concerns, everyday concerns. A lot of people here are kind of frustrated with the big existential foreign policy questions, and that's where Yair Lapid of his new Yesh Atid, or There's a Future, Party got a lot of his support.","And he is a former television broadcaster.","He is. He was quite a celebrity here, celebrity journalist, wrote a column and then was on TV and has really a lot of name recognition, and he's got a lot of kind of personal charm. People call him the ultimate Israeli. He's part of a secular Tel Aviv bourgeoisie and very attractive and sort of speaks well, and he managed to really capitalize on the kind of middle-class centrist concerns, some of which fueled the social protest from 2001 - 2011, excuse me, that brought something like 500,000 people to the streets of Tel Aviv.","And a centrist, as you say. What does that mean in terms of Israeli politics?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : personal charm means that there is a lot to like about someone","questions":"How would you describe Yair Lapid's appeal to the Israeli public?","answer":"Attractive"}
{"text":["I have. I was, yes, one of the scholars who figured it out by searching on Google. And it turns out that Jack of jack-o'-lantern fame was not such a terrible guy. In fact, he's quite clever and entrepreneurial. And he almost outwitted the devil, so that's the Irish folktale. Jack tricked the devil into climbing a tree to get him an apple. And then Jack carved a cross on the tree trunks so the devil couldn't get down. So Jack says I'll take away the cross if you promise never to send me to hell. So they made a deal, but, of course, the devil being the devil, he found a loophole. So he didn't send Jack to hell, but Jack was consigned to walk the earth forever, holding a lantern to light his way. And by the way - this is important - the lantern was made of a turnip, not a pumpkin. So somewhere along the line, the turnip industry got really screwed.","Have you ever opened the door and seen a trick of trick-or-treater dressed as B. J. Leiderman, who writes our theme music?","(Laughter) No. But that's a great idea for my kids today.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Jack's clever and entrepreneurial nature allows him to make a deal with the devil and escape from certain doom.","questions":"How did Jack avoid being sent to hell?","answer":"Bargain"}
{"text":["Right. No, you hit it right on. The - no glass is unbreakable, certainly, and when you strengthen the glass this much, there's tremendous compressive stress put in the surface of the glass. So when you do actually manage to break it, that kind of force, the energy that's stored in the glass causes it to shatter, like you say, pretty impressively.","So you make the glass itself in upstate New York there at Corning. And then you have to ship it to China for them to put it in the phones.","We make the glass. We don't make it here in Corning, New York, we make it in plants around the world. We have a plant in Kentucky and Taiwan and Japan. And yes, we make large sheets of this glass, and then we put it into crates, and then we ship it to companies called finishers, most of them are in China, and those are the companies that actually cut the glass into the pieces, drill holes, polish, et cetera, into the shapes of the parts that go onto the devices.","Why can't you - I'm sorry, why can't you make it the shape itself beforehand?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The glass is not unbreakable despite being strengthened.","questions":"What causes the glass to shatter when it breaks?","answer":"Energy"}
{"text":["Things have been added during the years. There is what's called the SkyLine level, which is a public event space built at the 100-foot level. They've also built a building kind of around the base that has the gift shop. Otherwise, it's pretty much intact.","Mm-hmm. And it was built with the science fair in mind as part of a larger ground. Part - it would fit into the larger works of the whole world's fair here.","That's right. It was actually late coming in the fair. They realized in the process, they needed a symbol for the fair, and they didn't have one. They didn't have a means of financing it. They didn't have a location for it. The Space Needle is where it is because the city managed to find a small piece of property that they could sell to a private developer to build the Space Needle. And it happened to be the perfect spot.","You talked about the structure itself having a very feminine shape to it. But anybody who has looked at this thing swears that it looks like a UFO at the top there landing or taking off."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The tower has curves along it's base that resemble the curves of a woman.","questions":"Which part of the tower has curves resembling a woman's?","answer":"Woman's"}
{"text":["I agree. I was shocked - really shocked - when I found them. And then many things happened to me with Chopin through my life.","Such as?","Well (laughter), you're not going to believe this if you don't believe in the unknown normal. But I had a death mask of Chopin given to me. Some friends came over, and they said, what's that?I said, it's death mask of Chopin. That's what they used to do in those days. When someone died, they'd get someone to put wax on his face and make this death mask as a memorial. I took it off - down. I said, please be careful with it because it's, you know, very unique. There are only two or three in the world. My wife was there. My son was there - he was about 17 - and these two friends. And, suddenly, a fluid started coming out of one of the eyes. And I put my hand into this fluid, and it was salty. So I guess there was no question in my mind these were tears. What I felt was that Chopin was happy that he could communicate somehow with the current world.","You know, I learned one thing. People who are negative about these kinds of unknown normal things - they will never change. They'll always find another way that it could've happened or try to find another way that it could've happened. But I just give up try to convince them because they won't ever be convinced. The ones who are skeptics - once they hear about it, they say, oh, actually, it's real."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"fluid started coming out of one of the eyes\" is a literal description, but the interpretation of the fluid as tears from the death mask is a metaphorical or supernatural belief.","questions":"How would you describe the interpretation of the fluid coming out of the eye?","answer":"Metaphorical"}
{"text":["You know, it's the - there's not formal groups that kind of, you know, identify themselves. They don't have a problem with some other towns in the South where there's like, you know, revived Klan groups and such. I'm aware of the SPLC's research and such. But it's more - I think it's less formal than that but it's probably no less prevalent.","One of the things I'd like to ask you, because you're a person who has been writing about this and the photographs have been printed and seen around the country - the role of the media in covering this, does it make it better, does it make it worst?","Well, I think that really depends on, you know, literally what skin you're in, you know?A lot of the - many of the black folks in that town are very happy to see outside attention brought, they hoped that that scrutiny is going to force some changes down there. But by the same token many of the white folks are just outraged and they think that, you know, this is outsiders meddling in their affairs and they ought to just get their nose out of their business. There was the local Methodist preacher the last time I was there a month ago who told me that I was no better than a Christ killer but you know, you just kind of have to have thick skin.","Howard, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The white people in the town are not happy about outsiders paying attention to their affairs","questions":"What is the attitude of white people in the town towards outsiders paying attention to their affairs?","answer":"Outraged"}
{"text":["God, I know, the torment of it. You know, it's weird to be an artist who works really slow. I mean, we have a country that does not like people to take the time. We have a country that even its artists are on the punch-clock. So someone like me really stands out, you know. But you've got to do what you've got to do. And hopefully I can just finish it, forget how long it takes. As long as I can finish the darn thing, I'll be grateful.","Yeah, the last book took - I know it was sort of a painful process for you, wasn't it, this most recent book?","But, you know, that process gets lost. No one remembers it. No one - and that's what's the best part about being artist. There's all the sweat you break, all the dust you raise, all the sort of things, all the internal emotional timbre that goes in the work. No one will remember. That's the best part. All that's left is the actual work.","And, you know, my books, I try to keep the sweat off the books. So people read it, and they're like wow, this feels like this was effortless. That's a great - for me, more than anything, that's the best part of this. My work, that what I put into it doesn't show on the page. That's, like, great."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A feels pressure to work faster as an artist in a society that values speed and efficiency.","questions":"How does PersonA want people to perceive the effort they put into their work?","answer":"Effortless"}
{"text":["Our unlikely shrew story comes from his new book, \"This is Improbable: Cheese String Theory, Magnetic Chickens and Other WTF Research,\" where he's collected all sorts of scientific studies you can't take seriously but you can't dismiss either. Welcome back to SCIENCE FRIDAY, Marc.","Hi, Ira. Did I just hear you say the Animals of Improbable Research?","Did I say?I don't think I did. But maybe I did. I'd be happy to have - put that in there.","OK.  We, believe it or not, get a lot of letters addressed to that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asking if the Animals of Improbable Research were mentioned even though they were not explicitly mentioned.","questions":"Which animal-related topic was discussed in Marc's book \"This is Improbable\"?","answer":"animal-related"}
{"text":["Jamal Khashoggi's eldest son was photographed meeting the crown prince earlier this week. For a lot of people, it was heart-rending to see. And it was announced shortly after he'd be allowed to travel to the U. S.  We gather, according to reports, he's arrived there. Is it possible someone told him pose with the prince and you can get out of here?","Absolutely. There's no question. The royal family had banned him from traveling since his father had left the kingdom to go into exile. And there had to be a lot of behind-the-scenes maneuvering, including requests specifically by the United States and Secretary of State Pompeo to allow him to leave the country and join his brothers in the United States. Three of Khashoggi's sons are American citizens, and I gather the fourth son was not.","The head of the CIA, Gina Haspel, was in Turkey this week being briefed. What do we know about what she was told and what she did?","Well, the CIA hasn't provided specifics, but it's been widely reported that she listened to this alleged tape of Jamal's last moments and what happened to him inside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul. I mean, this is going to be a pivotal moment for the Trump administration. It has to make a very hard call - what to do about an ally that has been pivotal in three of President Trump's five most important foreign policy goals."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is suggested that the meeting between Jamal Khashoggi's son and the crown prince was staged to give the impression that he is safe and free to leave Saudi Arabia.","questions":"How was the meeting between Jamal Khashoggi's son and the crown prince perceived by the public?","answer":"Staged"}
{"text":["Kids are natural scientists. They're natural born inquisitors. They like to find out about everything, and we just don't have a way of doing it. Maybe your math book can help do that. Have - do teachers use it at all and think about it?","We do have teachers using it. They say that they warm up the class with a math problem in the morning. We've heard all kinds of stories. There's a bus driver outside Chicago who actually puts the math problem up on a whiteboard on the bus every morning. And he has a bag of Oriental Trading prizes.","Right.","And the first kid on the bus to get it gets to pull something out of the bag. So it's really a movement that's spreading."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The movement to get kids to do math is becoming known and done by a large amount of people.","questions":"How is the math movement spreading?","answer":"By-spreading"}
{"text":["So actually - so there have been many deaths from throwing events in track and field, but the javelin does not take up quite as many of those as the shot and disc do. Yeah, there are some pretty gruesome scenes when talking about the javelin injuries. And obviously, you know, getting impaled by a spear is not that good (laughter). But it's far less common than you might think.","So you're writing this paper which you hope will lead to getting the javelin reinstated as a sport. How do you think that'll work?What's going to be in your paper?","Well, there's a lot of things. You know, I think the biggest concerns that coaches have with implementing the event have to do with the injuries due to the javelin hitting somebody. You know, so I'll have to address that and the actual statistics behind it.","But really it's going to be more of a guide on how to implement the javelin and why it's better that it's included as an event in high school track here than not because, you know, I feel like it's just a great opportunity that everybody should have because I was lucky enough to find it through club track. And, you know, my life would be a lot different if I hadn't."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"getting impaled by a spear is not that good\" - The literal meaning suggests that getting impaled by a spear is not a positive experience. However, the implied meaning is that getting impaled by a spear is extremely dangerous and can result in severe injuries or even death.","questions":"How would you describe the danger of being hit by a javelin?","answer":"Dangerous"}
{"text":["And, of course, in \"Hamlet\" there's that famous play within a play, which, in my version, was a book within a book. And in this book, in \"Romeo And\/Or Juliet,\" there's actually two books within a book. When Juliet is taking that sleeping potion, she's out of the play for 42 hours. And while she's knocked out, she has a dream, which is \"A Midsummer Night's Dream. \"And you can play through that as Juliet in her subconscious.","And when Romeo's banished to Mantua, he's also kicked out of the narrative for a while. And he can visit the library and read a book called \"Fair Is Foul And\/Or Foul Is Fair\" which is obviously \"Macbeth\" done in this format. So I tried to cram all the Shakespeare I could into this because I'm not sure there's that many other plays that would lend themselves so easily to this format.","It has to be a play with which people are generally familiar, too.","Well, that's the fun of it, right, because you know what these characters are supposed to be like. And when you kind of push them off the rails a little bit, there's a sense of breaking the rules that's a lot of fun, I think. It's fun to write (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn 4, \"It's fun to write (laughter)\" implies that the speaker enjoys writing a story which challenges the conventional expectations of the characters.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about breaking the rules in their writing?","answer":"Enjoyment"}
{"text":["I hope that there would be people who would come to the site, interested in building their family tree or learning how to start family research, who then would see an interesting article that they might not have thought they would read otherwise and dabble. And that there will be cross pollination between the two missions of the site that, you know, will make for some interesting dialogue and interesting experience for users.","Now, you've been careful to point out that when appropriate, you're going to make these links. But Professor Gates co-owns part of AfricanDNA. com. Do you see any ethical problems with your site steering people to his business specifically?","I don't, actually, at all, because we don't simply steer people to AfricanDNA. com, and there's full disclosure on the site that he's a co-founder of AfricanDNA. com.","But if you - if someone comes to the site and they click into the tab that - for DNA testing, they'll see several different places that they can go to to test their DNA, with links to those different companies. Actually, the option to link those different companies are actually presented to you before you click through to AfricanDNA. com."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implied meaning is that the person hopes for interaction and engagement between individuals interested in building their family tree or learning about family research, and that they will come across unexpected articles and ideas, leading to interesting discussions and experiences on the site.","questions":"What is the mission of the site?","answer":"Building-family-tree-or-learning-family-research"}
{"text":["Why the need for this guide?","We know that people are going to be asking themselves is the gift that I'm giving or asking for going to be secure and private?And as you said, most holiday shopping guides are focused on price and performance, and this guide is focused on privacy and security.","It's not just smart speakers, is it?It's a lot of devices that we've quite willingly and comfortably made part of our everyday lives.","That's absolutely right. And we're particularly looking at the area of connected-to gifts because more and more consumer products are connected to the Internet. So one interesting space that we've looked at is this new emerging toy category of drones. I have an 11-year-old who's pretty excited about drones, and it turns out that many of them connect to insecure wireless and therefore can be taken over, both the information they collect but also the device itself. So we think that consumers would want to know information like that when they're considering a drone gift."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Connected toys such as drones may pose a security risk to children and adults","questions":"How do drones pose a potential risk?","answer":"Risk"}
{"text":["Yes, we've had our wine chosen by the White House twice, most recently just over a week ago.","Now, that must feel incredible. But you also have, you know, obviously a much wider market. How did you get into this business in the first place?","From the roots of a lot of African-Americans. My grandfather was a farmer in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and my father was - and my grandfather were home wine-makers, basically. In the old days in the country, you grew your own vegetables to eat, you raised your own cattle or chickens if you enjoyed those things or wanted those things, and if you wanted alcohol you made your own wine or different alcohols.","It's a far cry from doing this as something that you drink yourself to doing it as the kind of business you have. And it's still a family business, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Starting a wine-making business is a significant achievement.","questions":"Which achievement?","answer":"Starting"}
{"text":["It's time now for our Africa Update. The search begins for an African Einstein. In South Africa this week, at least two dozen people have been killed in a wave of attacks on foreigners and we look at Rwanda's new economic force, women. For more, we've got Roxanne Lawson, she's director of Africa Policy for TransAfrica Forum. Hey, Roxanne.","Hi, how are you doing?","I'm doing great. So let's talk about some disturbing news form South Africa. It's the biggest economic power on the continent and plenty of immigrants from other African nations are flooding into the country, legally or not. South Africans are accusing these immigrants of taking away jobs and causing crime, in some ways it's similar to a lot of the debates right here in the U. S.  Now, some South Africans are getting into brutal attacks on foreigners. At least 24 people have been killed in unrest that broke out a week ago. So what's the latest on the violence?","You're directly right that it actually is very much like what we see here in the United States with our migration issues. As of this morning, official reports that 217 people have been arrested, over 3,000 have been displaced and 22 people are dead."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are no turns in this conversation whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings. All of the turns are being used in a straightforward and literal manner.","questions":"Which turn in the conversation implies that immigrants are blamed for crime and job loss in South Africa?","answer":"Accusing"}
{"text":["Well, I mean, one reason that I think it's worth doing this is that when campaigns gather and take stock of this information on Election Day, they use it to make game-day decisions about how to market to you, right?So if you're a voter in a key state, the campaigns in that state will look at the same kind of information we're going to be gathering and publishing. They'll decide to move their radio resources around. They might send you a couple push text messages. They are going to try and drive your voting behavior based on the information they're seeing about the race and how it's going. You know, I think one of the jobs of journalism is to make its users savvier and more aware of the marketing that they're subjected to. And I think that publishing the information we plan to publish could help do that.","I'm going to return to the same question. I mean, how?What's the crying need for that?","Well, I mean, I think isn't it useful for voters to see the election the way that insiders do?The campaigns are trying to get you to vote in a certain way, and they are pushing you. And if you can understand why and how they're doing that, maybe you can make a smarter decision.","Julia Turner of Slate, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is not actually asking a question but rather implying that the need has not yet been established. ","questions":"How is the speaker responding to the implied question in turn one?","answer":"Implied"}
{"text":["I mean, that's something that I wouldn't say I'm worried about, but it's definitely something that I'm thoughtfully considering, as well as I know my colleagues will be.","So how do you protect against that risk?","I do feel like that fear is overstated when it comes to the IPO tax. No. 1 - it's a very small tax. We're talking about 1. 5% on the immense wealth that'll be flowing in when these companies go public. I'm very interested in ensuring that we have a balanced economy here in San Francisco that includes a tech sector but also supports other sectors that haven't benefited from the same tax breaks.","Now, San Francisco is a city where a family of four earning $117,000 a year qualifies as low-income, according to the Department of Housing and Urban Development."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Explaining that the fear related to the IPO tax is overstated and that a balanced economy including other sectors should be supported","questions":"What is the speaker interested in ensuring in San Francisco?","answer":"Balanced"}
{"text":["And then, just a few days later, you're back on the set at your television show, \"Ryan's Hope. \"","Yeah, possibly more harrowing than the birth itself in terms of my sense of loss, my sense of disequilibrium, my understanding that the size of what I had done would never leave me. The dimension of the decision was not only epic, but infinite. And whereas my teacher had promised me that the work would lift me up, in this particular case, three days after the birth of that baby, being handed a tiny stunt baby by the studio nurse and told to start a monologue when the light goes off. And the monologue is a promise of fidelity, endurance, love and maternal care.","I guess we should say that your character on this television show also had a baby.","Well, of course. Anybody who watched \"Ryan's Hope\" at that time knew that Mary Ryan was pregnant, and many millions of people did watch me, in fact, carry this child to term. But at any rate - yes, many, many people watched me have that baby and then come in and claim another baby altogether as my own as Mary Ryan."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker is implying that her character's story line on the show mirrored her own life experience.","questions":"How did the PersonA's character on the show have a baby?","answer":"Pregnancy"}
{"text":["Well, that would be an interesting question. Right now, we make a decision. We say we're going to harden particular targets to make them difficult for terrorists to attack. So yes, terrorists do act rationally and choose another target - they choose a less hardened target. The question is whether it could respond very rapidly to changing information.","Large terror attacks take a lot of work and a lot of planning. And if the market predicted a high probability of an attack in a particular place, it's not as though it's a trivial matter for a terror group to suddenly switch all of its resources to another place. I'm not suggesting this would work. It would be a tool that would be used alongside other tools. And I'm just suggesting an experiment to see if it can improve the accuracy of intelligence forecast.","And what do you say to those people who say - my God, this is hideous?It's blood money.","It is hideous in a sense. It is. There's no question. I share the revulsion of people who say - but people shouldn't profit from this. On the other hand, if allowing people to profit from this, from making these predictions, improved our ability to predict, then it might be something worth trying because of the lives it would save on the other side."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implicates that the speaker finds the idea of trading money for information about potential terror attacks morally objectionable.","questions":"What is the sentiment of the speaker towards the idea of trading money for information about potential terror attacks?","answer":"Hideous"}
{"text":["This was back in 1982?","'82. But I think people thought, oh, my God, you know, you can't put a black person's heart in a white person. You cannot possibly put a woman's heart in a man. I mean, it's interesting that with the heart, sort of the emotions we ascribe to it get all wrapped up in the medical techniques also.","So they got beyond that. And you write about this group of researchers and doctors in Houston - big egos, big personalities and a big state (laughter). Tell us about these two pioneers who had this incredible rivalry that helped shape this field - Dr.  Denton Cooley and Dr.  Michael DeBakey.","When I started looking into it again, it was kind of like the right stuff for heart surgeons. These were people with outsized personalities and outsized wills. And the story really starts in Houston with the theft of an artificial heart from Michael DeBakey's lab. And DeBakey at the time was perhaps the most famous heart surgeon or surgeon in the world. And his nemesis was a guy named Denton Cooley, who, for a time, worked under him and got tired of waiting for Dr.  DeBakey to put this artificial heart in someone. So he purloined it with the man who had designed it into DeBakey's lab and put it in a man. And the operation, to some extent, was a success because the patient lived. And this became the most famous feud in medical history."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The rivalry between heart surgeons DeBakey and Cooley became infamous.","questions":"What became infamous?","answer":"Rivalry"}
{"text":["Good morning, Scott.","Please give us a fill - so much going on in the Mueller investigation this week.","Well, you know, it seemed like there was Mueller news pretty much every day this week, Scott. On Friday, we learned that Trump's chief financial officer, Allen Weisselberg, has been subpoenaed in the Mueller probe. Now, this is a man who has the keys to the kingdom, if anyone does. We also got a list of 35 witnesses who are expected to be called in the trial of Paul Manafort. Now, that's Trump's 2016 campaign manager. He is accused of money laundering and deceiving the U. S.  government. That trial was delayed until next week. But we do expect this is going to be the new refocusing of the Mueller probe in the days ahead.","Also this week, CNN reported that Michael Cohen - that's the former attorney for the president - is ready to testify that Trump knew about that June 2016 meeting with Manafort and Donald Jr.  and some Russians offering dirt on Hillary Clinton. And we also learned that Putin and the president will not meet in September because they want to wait until after the Mueller probe is over. So they're planning to exchange visits to each other's capital city next year."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is asking for an update on the Mueller investigation.","questions":"Which Trump associate is expected to be a witness in the trial of Paul Manafort?","answer":"Allen"}
{"text":["Well, as I said, Israel is certainly prepared to possibly deploy that armored brigade for an offensive mission. And, you know, this - Israeli strikes are continuing, and rockets are also continuing right now. And this is a - quite an escalation between the two sides and really a serious one since the 2014 war. That was a war that lasted many weeks. Dozens of Israeli soldiers and several Israeli civilians died. And on the Palestinian side, more than 2,000 people died, including many civilians and also militants.","With the stakes so high, are there negotiations for a cease-fire, do you know?And can you tell us about those and where they stand?","Well, before this current outbreak of violence, Egypt was mediating between the two sides to prevent such hostilities from returning. And those negotiations were meant to exchange calm on the border for Israel lifting certain restrictions in the Gaza Strip, basically to make life more bearable for people in Gaza. And this conflict certainly puts those negotiations at serious risk.","That's reporter Naomi Zeveloff in Tel Aviv. Naomi, thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The negotiations are not standing upright but it means that the person is saying how far the countries have progressed in the negotiation.","questions":"How are the negotiations progressing?","answer":"Progressing"}
{"text":["Really, the link is, you know, if you strip away the neuroses, maybe. You know what I'm saying?I spend all day being other people - literally transforming. You know, for a book to function, it's not - I can tell the difference between realities. But it has to be a functioning reality. The character has to be real. And I imagine that's exactly what happens for a spy who was, you know, in deep cover.","I just think, yes, I wouldn't make it for a second if I had to do it in front of another person. So if you take the privacy of the room away, maybe that's the link. It's about inhabiting other realities in a convincing - beyond convincing. It has to be more than that. It has to be real for the person.","Nathan Englander, his book \"Dinner At The Center Of The Earth. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Oh, truly, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In turn 1, the speaker is implying that they have an understanding of what it is like to be a spy, as they spend their day transforming into other people, and they must make their character and reality believable.","questions":"Which book is mentioned by PersonB in turn 2?","answer":"Dinner"}
{"text":["Well, it's just so different as to be almost unrecognizable to everything else they ever do. Well, first of all, there are over 4,000 credentialed members of the media. I have met many of these people, and I question their credentials. (Soundbite of laughter) But aside from the crush and the demands on their time, it is a weird travel schedule.","For a regular game, there is usually a week between games in the NFL. And a team will arrive in the visiting team's city usually, maybe, a day before the game. Here they arrive almost a week before the game. And that is just to accommodate the fact that the Super Bowl is this huge corporate affair, this huge media affair. So it's interviews and a little bit of practice, and interviews and a little bit of practice. And if a team losses focus, it could really hurt them come Sunday.","It sounds like a pretty intense week. Now, let's say I were a betting woman. Does this kind of hectic schedule favor one team over the other?","Well, you know, even if you weren't a betting woman, even if you were someone with, you know, who lives and dies with the Steelers or who bleeds Cardinals Burgundy - I think there probably are people like that - you might say that the Pittsburgh Steelers might have the edge, because in general, they are the more experienced team, having been to and won a Super Bowl just three years ago."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Lives and dies\" and \"bleeds Burgundy\" are not literal. They just refer to someone being a huge fan of the team.","questions":"Which terms are not meant to be taken literally?","answer":"Metaphorical"}
{"text":["Have you spoken to the attorneys for Epstein?And what are they saying?","They were stunned. I mean, in fact, I told them myself. They didn't know about it when I called them last night. They were shocked.","Wow.","But they were pretty elated. More importantly, the victims, the four women that I interviewed - I spoke with one of them last night. And I heard through her lawyer from another and. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Stunned and shocked means that they were surprised greatly by the information.","questions":"Which two emotions were expressed by the attorneys?","answer":"Stunned,Shocked"}
{"text":["Those are the main parts. So they're saying that when the mandate penalty goes away next January, the protections for preexisting conditions should go away as well. That's not exactly what the attorneys general were arguing, but that's what the Justice Department position is.","How might this change how individual people are covered and treated in this country?","Well, immediately, of course, it wouldn't. The Justice Department isn't asking for anything immediately. Obviously, this is a lawsuit, and it could take months or even years to work its way through the courts. But it does certainly raise the prospect of a court decision that would say there could be no more protections for people with preexisting conditions. That's one of the most popular parts of the health law.","We've been getting reports from all over the country about how health care premiums are going up. Why is that happening?Do you expect it to keep happening?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Justice Department position is that preexisting conditions should not be protected","questions":"How does the Justice Department position affect preexisting conditions?","answer":"eliminate"}
{"text":["People go armed with treats and halters, and so they're able to catch them. And, you know, mostly, if you're calm, the horses stay calm.","Horses eat a lot, don't they?How do you care for every one?","Sure thing. Well, many of us were able to grab hay and some supplies as we were evacuating our barn. So we came with food and some items in hand. But the local seed stores have been donating all kinds of hay and shavings and pellets. So we have had, again, tremendous support from the local community, making sure that every horse here is fed.","Can you smell the smoke, see the fire?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is suggesting that if people remain calm, then the horses will remain calm as well.","questions":"How do horses react when people remain calm?","answer":"Calm"}
{"text":["I don't know if I'm that much different than a journalist. I just - it's like a mystery that I want to solve that I think everybody's interested in solving. What has gone on and what is going on with Trump and his orbit of people he's dealt with over the years and ties to Russia and Ukraine and all these different matters?","Often when people are doing this kind of thing, they have fact checkers, and they have editors that go over their information, especially if you're a journalist. Do you have anyone that edits you or anyone that you work with that helps you verify the information?","There's some fact checking. But the interviews that I do, I publish them exactly as they're transcribed. I'm not writing an article, per se.","Can I ask you, has your shop - your restaurant, which is very well known here, helped you in your endeavor?Do people walk in to give you tips, try and contact you through that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) Implies that the speaker is asking if the person they are talking to has anyone that helps them verify the facts that they are gathering. ","questions":"How does PersonB ask if PersonA has anyone that verifies the information they gather?","answer":"Fact"}
{"text":["So I shaved my head kind of as a social experiment, you know?And sure enough, no more hey, baby, you know?But suddenly I was public enemy No. 1. People thought I was a skinhead or some kind of punk that was going to break something or steal something.","People were visibly intimidated - which, again, here's a girl moving through the world, craving eye contact, craving human connection, even fleeting connection, passersby, you know?And so the fact that people no longer even would look me in the eye was - it really weighed on me, and it started to accumulate in my chest. Even people who are politely nervous just eventually enraged me.","(Singing) I am not an angry girl, but it seems like I've got everyone fooled. Every time I say something they find hard to hear, they chalk it up to my anger and never to their own fear.","You had - as you talked about in the book, you were struggling with this idea of how to make art and how to sell your art or even if you should."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : People's avoidance made the speaker feel isolated and angry","questions":"What weighed on the speaker due to people's behavior towards them?","answer":"Weight"}
{"text":["I mean, it's tempting, and certainly we do it in the news business, to look at a figure like $9 billion and say, you know, figure out what that cost per arrest and everything. But I wonder, isn't it in a sense worth, I don't know, a billion dollars a year to the American people to have that deterrent aboard?Because as people in the program have pointed out, if something happens, there's no one else to call upon for help in an airliner.","Well, you could justify almost anything on that basis. But I will tell you that on any cost-benefit analysis, this program does not hold muster. I can tell you also that while a billion dollars might not seem like much money in the whole federal government. . .","Oh, no, it's a lot of money. Don't get me wrong. . .","It's a lot. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In statement 1, the speaker is subtly suggesting that the Republican friends should be open-minded and consider the possibility of voting for Trump in the upcoming election","questions":"How much does the speaker in turn 0 suggest the deterrent aboard is worth to the American people?","answer":"Billion"}
{"text":["Yeah.","He said she's obsessed with divorce. Everyone in her family's divorced. Some of them are divorced twice. Her parents got divorced when she was 6. I don't like to think that a divorce haunted me. And yet look at me. This somehow became my art. And then, I looked at the sort of evidence. And, this year, I've been married for 13 years, which is the year my parents got divorced. And now I feel like I'm in this sort of unknowable land. What are you supposed to do now?","I must say - as the days roll by and Rachel doesn't return and sends no word, you find yourself - I found myself as a reader going from worry about where she was, what might have happened, to anger.","Right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is worried about their own marriage","questions":"Which emotion is the speaker experiencing regarding their marriage?","answer":"Unknowable"}
{"text":["He wrote tons of letters. I bet there are a hundred thousand - hundreds out there signed, all the best, George Bush. Many of them are compiled in a lovely volume he did. His - you know, he was the son of a mother who insisted that he not talk - that one not talk about oneself. He was - so when it came time to write a book after he left the presidency, he didn't. . .","Oh, right.","His mother's ghostly influence was such that he felt it would be too puffed up to write a standard memoir. So he wrote a - he essentially published a compilation of his letters. I believe it's called - the title is \"All The Best, George Bush. \"Famously, in 19 - excuse me - '88, when he was running for president of the United States and he was home and in Greenwich for Thanksgiving, sitting around the table, telling, you know, pretty interesting stories about running for president, his mother rapped on the table and said, George, you're talking about yourself too much. Stop it.","Now. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : tons of letters implies large quantities of letters and not letters that measured up many tons","questions":"Which word describes the type of letters George Bush compiled?","answer":"compiled"}
{"text":["Right. We should just say. . .","And. . .",". . . Four is the guy who drives this big roller that actually does the work of making the road. And Nine, the kind of party guy, is riding this four-wheeler out ahead to look for interference. It's his job to actually look around.","Yeah. But everywhere he goes, he sort of sows chaos and even though he thinks he's doing the right thing by engaging. And - but Four has been, you know, in many similar situations. And he's a veteran of this work. And so he just says, our job is to do the work - touch as few lives as possible in that way, engage as, you know, as little as possible and get out. And. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : He causes chaos and trouble but he does not actually sow it ","questions":"Which word describes Nine's job?","answer":"Riding"}
{"text":["Tomorrow, car sales numbers for November are due out, and they're not expected to be good. That could lead to more dealerships shutting down, and that could mean a big loss of revenue for local governments. For example, this year, the state of California has lost at least two billion dollars in sales taxes due to the drop in car sales.","To get a better sense of how local governments are coping, we're joined now by Marshall Bond. He is the city manager for Monroeville, Pennsylvania. Thanks for joining us, and why don't you tell us how many car dealerships are in Monroeville?","Just about every major domestic and foreign manufacturer sells cars here in Monroeville.","And so, how much of your budget comes from the revenue from car sales at these dealerships?","We have a business tax which obviously is, I'd say, probably of that - I'd say total tax is probably about 15 to 20 percent is based upon our related car industry."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : A significant portion of Monroeville's tax revenue comes from the car industry","questions":"How does Monroeville generate a significant portion of its tax revenue?","answer":"Car"}
{"text":["They have been evacuated. It tossed these trailer homes like tin cans. And there was one woman that said that she had turned in early and felt her bed bouncing. And she was evacuated and is staying elsewhere now.","The flooding - this is not restricted to just this small part of the state. This is the whole state of Oklahoma that's going through this. Is that right?","Yeah, 25% of the state has had at least 14 inches of water in the last 30 days. And if you look at towns in northeast Oklahoma like Skiatook - they've had 21 1\/2 inches, Nowata 23 inches. It's just crazy. And this is all coming to a head in Tulsa along the Arkansas River.","And what exactly is happening in Tulsa?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The trailer homes were severely damaged due to the tornado and people were forced to evacuate.","questions":"How were the trailer homes affected?","answer":"Damaged"}
{"text":["Why would Hezbollah have anyone in Latin America except on vacation?","Well, historically there have been and are very large Lebanese expatriate communities in South America and Africa and, more recently now, in North America. And of course the vast, vast majority of those communities are perfectly law-abiding and wonderful people. But within those communities, over the course of the Lebanese civil war, you had some people who were providing support back home to one or another side of the civil war. And in the wake of the civil war, that continued. And as Hezbollah became the primary powerhouse on the Shia political, social and military side of the equation, support for the group continued to flow from the Shia Lebanese expatriates, some of whom were only supporting the group because it supported the Shia community back home and others because they supported the group's opposition to Israel, opposition to the West and sometimes even its axe militancy at home and abroad.","And what do the drug cartels get out of this arrangement?","They get their product moved. They get the proceeds of their transactions laundered. And those are the two things, along with production in the first instance, without which they don't function. And they really don't care who they do business with. They don't care if you call yourself Hezbollah or something else. Most of the people that do this for them are not terrorists. As long as you can move product and launder product, they don't really care about the rest of it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : And what do the drug cartels get out of this arrangement? Implicated meaning: The speaker is asking about the benefits or advantages that the drug cartels gain from their involvement or collaboration with Hezbollah. The speaker suggests that there is an arrangement between Hezbollah and the drug cartels, indicating a deeper connection and mutual benefit beyond a simple association.","questions":"How would you describe the relationship between Hezbollah and drug cartels?","answer":"benefits"}
{"text":["Right.","How do you think the election changed the political landscape in this country, or do you?","Well, it's changed the landscape entirely. All of the talk of the time of Bush's presidency from 2002, when we started, all the way up until Obama's election, things got more and more depressing as time went on. Even though Bush got actually elected in 2004 as oppose to the disputed election in 2000 - still, most of the news was bad news, and we had a steady diet of bad news and flubs in this, and worries about war and worries about domestic policy and civil liberties and civil rights, and it was just bad news. It was like everything was downhill. And the country was depressed, psychologically. And Bush, now that he's gone, you got a breath of fresh air. Everybody is waiting expectantly. People have been happy. They've celebrated. And now the news is always about, you know, what is going now and how is it going to play out, and with most people hoping that it will play out positively after so much depression.","Are you surprised at the level of engagement of what I would arguably say is the black community at large in the political arena, both as voters, as viewers, as readers and particularly, as political pundits."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They want to know how the election changed the way politics in the country work. Also, the people had a a steady amount of news information to read and watch and listen to.","questions":"How did the news affect the country's psychological state during Bush's presidency?","answer":"Depressed"}
{"text":["I think I understand the differences between older and younger generations a little more than your average person. My colleagues and I, again, specialize in talking with large corporations and helping them understand street trends and, you know, more kind of what's going on with regular people. And I think that that's one of the problems with economic and social issues in the world today, is that all these big leaders are meeting at places like Davos, and they're coming up with these amazing plans of action and initiatives.","But then, it's hard to relay the message to a younger generation and speak to them in a language that they understand and that they can relate to. So I'm hoping that maybe I can translate that gap a little bit, and help people understand what's really going on.","Rebecca, when you're there at Davos, who are you most looking forward to talking to, and what questions do you think you might ask?","I mean, there's so many people who are going to be there. Kofi Annan, I would love to talk to him. And I just kind of want to find out what these people think about what's going on in the world and the solutions. But maybe more on laymen's term and have them explain, you know, what young people and what individuals can do to make a difference. What someone can do who's maybe not in a position to mingle and brainstorm with other distinguished people at a convention like Davos."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to relate to means to like something on a personal level, that you personally can like and understand.","questions":"How does PersonA hope to bridge the gap between older and younger generations?","answer":"Translate"}
{"text":["Chris Scheuerman knew that his son was having troubles coping with combat. In March of 2005 while Jason was on leave, he told his father he was scared. Chris Scheuerman told him that was natural, and before leaving him at the airport for his return to Iraq, he reminded Jason to seek help if he was feeling depressed. A month later, after putting a rifle in his mouth, Jason visited an Army chaplain. A few weeks after that, Jason was evaluated by an Army psychologist.","He told me that the psychologist had given him a standardized test and talked to him for about 10 minutes. And after that evaluation, he sent a note back to the command stating that Jason was capable of feigning his illness in order to manipulate his command. That assessment brought much hardship down on my son, and this is after this unit had seen Jason with the muzzle of his weapon in his mouth and did nothing. This is a unit in which a chaplain writes he believed my son to be possessed by demons and obsessed with suicide, and did nothing. On the day that Jason took his life, he was given an Article 15, which in the military, is a non-judicial punishment. They gave him that for being out of uniform. During those proceedings, his first sergeant told him that if he was faking his illness, then he would go to jail and become someone's butt buddy, and Jason talks to that statement in his suicide note.","What does he say?","Basically, paraphrasing it, he speaks that life is not worth living if all he has looked forward to is being in jail and being someone's butt buddy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Butt Buddy is a derogatory remark and not a term for an actual friend","questions":"What is the meaning of the term \"Butt Buddy\"?","answer":"Sexual"}
{"text":["You know, a lot of people who are successful at their jobs identify very strongly with their jobs, with their profession. They say, I am Joe Blow and. . .","Yes.","I work at X company and that's a big strong part of their identity. And so I imagine when those people lose their jobs, it's particularly devastating because a part of their identity is gone.","Right. I ask people to sort of, you know, draw out a pie chart like if you had a circle and you're going to divide the different parts of the circle into who you are. You're a brother, sister, son, father, mother, whatever, daughter, friend, you're a member of a community, you're somebody who can help other people. There's a tendency in our society to overidentify with the role of a job, but we're many, many, many other things. So redefining and sort of expanding your definition of who you are is a magnificent way of empowering yourself."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"I\" isn't literal and there is no Company X. B is just referring to what aworker who is employed at any company would think.","questions":"What is the identity of the person PersonB is referring to in their statement?","answer":"Worker"}
{"text":["Has the storm reached full strength, or is there any possibility that it could intensify?","It likely has reached close to its full strength. It's approaching or moving over the islands now of the Northern Bahamas. And it's also showing signs of going through a eye wall replacement cycle. That will likely occur in the next 24 hours. So the strength is going to fluctuate.","That's another strong point I wanted to make. Just because it weakens a bit in the next 24 to 36 hours does not mean the overall effects or impacts to the state of Florida's coastline will change. You know, whether it's a 3, 4 or 5, it could produce significant damage along the coast. But it will likely fluctuate in intensity over the next 24 to 48 hours, and it probably has reached its peak in intensity at the time.","Could you talk a little bit more about the path that the storm is taking?You were talking about this earlier. It's expected - am I still right?- it's expected to move into the Florida Peninsula Monday morning."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : full strength in this context means whether or not something has reached its peak threshold of intensity","questions":"What does \"full strength\" mean in this context?","answer":"peak"}
{"text":["Absolutely not. In fact, the people of my state should know we are doing everything in our power to defend them. If it comes to a legal fight with the Trump administration, we're prepared to have it. I've had some experience with taking on the Trump administration litigation. We have yet to lose a case yet, and I don't plan on starting with this issue.","Attorney General Bob Ferguson of Washington state, thanks so much.","Oh, thank you, Scott. Have a great day.","And we contacted the Department of Justice for comment on Mr.  Ferguson's remarks about Attorney General Sessions. We have yet to receive a response."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B: And we contacted the Department of Justice for comment on Mr. Ferguson's remarks about Attorney General Sessions.We have yet to receive a response.","questions":"How did the Department of Justice respond to Mr. Ferguson's remarks?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Right. We should mention that Purdue Pharma agreed back in March to pay - I think it was 270 million and settle claims and avoid having to go to a trial like the one you've been sitting in on today.","Correct.","So to focus on Johnson & Johnson's role, I wasn't even aware that they manufactured opioid painkillers. What are the products under scrutiny at this trial?","Yeah, so it's interesting. There's actually two separate businesses that they're looking at from the company. The first is that they actually owned two businesses that they sold by 2016 that processed Tasmanian poppies into narcotic raw materials. And then they also had a company that turned those into active pharmaceutical ingredients that they used, I believe, for their own drugs as well as other companies."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Johnson & Johnson's involvement in opioids was surprising.","questions":"What company owned two businesses that were sold by 2016 that processed Tasmanian poppies into narcotic raw materials?","answer":"Johnson&Johnson"}
{"text":["Would it be ethical to do this, you know, some of this work in humans?Would it take away some of the stigma about using embryonic stem cells?","Well, there's a whole lot of issues to consider in that I think a lot of people are going to have to involved in working through and thinking about under what circumstances it would be permissible to use this kind of approach in humans if the science really supports the idea that this kind of approach could generate cells that look like eggs from human pluripotent stem cells. I think the two key factors, I mean one key factor is that you would want to do this in the context of an effort, you know, for in vitro fertilization, in the course of reproduction rather than just generating embryos for the sake of research by fertilization.","And secondly, you would only want to go forward, I think, if you were sure enough from the preliminary studies that the eggs really looked healthy and normal and really felt like they had a chance of giving rise to successful pregnancies because you wouldn't want to engage in in vitro fertilization with a patient if there really wasn't much chance of having a successful pregnancy.","Is there any reason - going the opposite direction of thought, is there any reason to believe this would not work in humans?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Ethical and scientific considerations need to be taken into account before using embryonic stem cells in humans for generating cells that look like eggs.","questions":"What kind of cells should be generated from human pluripotent stem cells in the context of in vitro fertilization, according to A?","answer":"Treasury"}
{"text":["And obviously, Florida is a very important state. It's no coincidence he's kicking off his campaign there. Where else do you expect to see President Trump in the months ahead?","So he'll be back in Florida; we know that for sure. It's a key state in that he isn't president without winning Florida, and he needs it for re-election. But you can also expect to see him in those other states that he won very narrowly in the upper Midwest - Wisconsin, Michigan. And the campaign is stretching. They want insurance. And at this point, they have money. They've been fundraising since Inauguration Day. And they are stretching, trying to reach into states you wouldn't expect, like Minnesota or even New Mexico and New Hampshire, which Hillary Clinton won last time around.","That's NPR White House correspondent Tamara Keith at President Trump's rally in Orlando, Fla. Thanks, Tam.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : President Trump's campaign is targeting swing states for re-election","questions":"What state is President Trump kicking off his campaign in?","answer":"Florida"}
{"text":["Oh, she did, and in such an interesting time. In the '70s, even before Betty Ford had famously stepped forward and talked about her struggles, Joan was convening people who were early thinkers in how to treat people differently. You know, AA had been around, of course, for decades. But there was a movement in the '70s to get people to look at the whole person with alcoholism. And Joan was really passionate about getting the word out.","Yeah. With Ray's death, Joan Kroc became one of the principal philanthropists in America. And she really took that responsibility seriously, didn't she?","She lived large, and she gave large. She felt this almost-burden with the money that she had. And saying she hit the lotto isn't really fair. But - she had this money at her disposal, and she felt obligated to use it in a constructive way. But that's not to say she was ascetic or like a monk. She lived very, very lavishly as well.","Yeah, she'd drip with jewels. She went to nice places. She. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Joan was a pioneer in the treatment of alcoholism and was passionate about spreading awareness of the issue.","questions":"Which issue was Joan passionate about spreading awareness of?","answer":"Alcoholism"}
{"text":["Duane, why don't you describe to us some of the work that you did with actual cases when you were at the California Department of Justice?I mean, what was your job, literally and physically?","Literally, I went to the scene of the crime. I was often the one who collected all the evidence. I also did photography of the crime scene. I did not do fingerprints. There was usually a technician who did that. Back at the laboratory, I would take all that evidence that I collected and inventoried, and I would begin a systematic investigation of that.","As an example, one case in the middle of my career was a triple homicide, and it was a great case from the physical-evidence standpoint. There was bullets. There was blood. There was saliva on cigarette butts. There was hair. There was soil. And I got to basically do it all. And what was really interesting is I presented all these evidence to the jury, laid out a scenario for the crime.","And during the time I was testifying, the defendant called his girlfriend and confessed the crime to her, and then threatened her with death if she ever talked. Well, five minutes later, she called the DA and told the DA about the confession. And she came in to testify at that point, and what she testified to was basically what I had testified to from the physical-evidence standpoint."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : None of the turns in this conversation have a figurative or non-literal meaning. They are all meant to be taken at face value as a straightforward question and answer about the speaker's job and experience with criminal investigations.","questions":"What was the defendant's action after the witness testimony?","answer":"Confessed"}
{"text":["It's kind of laid back and peaceful. That's how we kept it this whole protest. We've been peaceful. And, you know, we're all looking after each other just like we would down in the mine. We got each other's back.","Are you supporting a family?What's it like living without the paycheck that you've been expecting?","Well, it's rough, I mean, you know. But I'm fortunate. It's just me and my wife. Our kids is grown.","You've spent your career working in the coal mines."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The protest has been peaceful despite potential for violence.","questions":"How has the protest been?","answer":"peaceful"}
{"text":["Wouldn't you like to know?","I would.","They are being very, very discreet, and they're not telling anybody anything. And I think the usual conclusion from that is that they're not doing things with it that we would be pleased about. One of the things that they appear to have done with it is pay out $1. 6 billion in bonuses and other benefits to executives, which obviously is not something that would have gone over very well. From the banks' perspective, obviously, they will say, hey, wait a minute. We don't put the taxpayer money in a particular bucket and then use that to make certain things. It just all goes into a big cash bucket, and obviously, we have to pay our people. But no, we're not going to give you details on that or anything else even though it's your money.","But they are supposed to use it, or at least the intent of the legislation was for them to use it, to loosen the credit squeeze, to ease up credit and to lend to one another."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : to loosen the credit squeeze means that credit is very harsh and it needs to be less harsh in this context","questions":"What was the intent of the legislation?","answer":"loosen"}
{"text":["Yes. Launch is tomorrow at 4:55 AM Cape Canaveral time, which is where the rocket launches from, or, say, 1:55 AM California time. I'll actually be here in California at SpaceX headquarters at mission control. And so we have launch control at Cape Canaveral, and we've got mission control here at headquarters in California. So for the first nine minutes or so, the rocket will be ascending and delivering the Dragon spacecraft to orbit. And then the Dragon spacecraft will separate from the rocket and then - and begin orbital phasing with the space station, which will take a few days.","Then we're going to do, essentially, a flyby at the space station. Now, something that's important to appreciate is that the space station is actually zooming around the Earth at 17,000 miles an hour. People sort of think it's just sort of up there and stationary, but it's zipping around the Earth at - it actually completes an orbit of the Earth every 19 minutes. So you can think of this like you're trying to synchronize speed with something that's going 12 times faster than a bullet from an assault rifle.","And we've got to match the space station. As the space station makes more movements in its orbit, we've got to track those movements exactly. So we'll do a wide loop around the space station, establish communication - a communication link with the space station, have our docking sensors lock on and then the spacecraft actually plots an approach vector and will go in and pause at various points before finally going into dock with the space station.","And what time into the mission will it actually dock?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The rocket will be launching tomorrow and the Dragon spacecraft will be sent into orbit and then eventually dock with the space station.","questions":"How will the Dragon spacecraft reach the space station?","answer":"Orbit"}
{"text":["Wouldn't you like to know?","I would.","They are being very, very discreet, and they're not telling anybody anything. And I think the usual conclusion from that is that they're not doing things with it that we would be pleased about. One of the things that they appear to have done with it is pay out $1. 6 billion in bonuses and other benefits to executives, which obviously is not something that would have gone over very well. From the banks' perspective, obviously, they will say, hey, wait a minute. We don't put the taxpayer money in a particular bucket and then use that to make certain things. It just all goes into a big cash bucket, and obviously, we have to pay our people. But no, we're not going to give you details on that or anything else even though it's your money.","But they are supposed to use it, or at least the intent of the legislation was for them to use it, to loosen the credit squeeze, to ease up credit and to lend to one another."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is no literal bucket - it just means that there is a collection of cash in a bank or something. ","questions":"Which word describes how the banks claim they use the taxpayer money?","answer":"bucket"}
{"text":["So what about this contest?","What the CDC is trying to do is not just figure out what's going on right now with the flu, but what's going to happen in a week or two weeks out. Traditionally, we do what's called surveillance, which is what's going on right now in the United States. And that's a really hard problem because if you think about it, without using something like Twitter, you have to ask people what's going on. And the CDC does this; they do a very good job. But it takes them about two weeks to get those responses collected. What we're trying to do is predict things like what week is going to be the worst for the flu season; when is it going to end?","Do you run the risk of putting through the algorithms a lot of tweets from people who don't use, let's say, a word like fever in the same way people with flu would use it?","It's actually very tricky to use Twitter in order to get a flu rate. So, for example, someone might say, I have Bieber fever, which is not actually a disease that we care about tracking."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The literal meaning is that it is difficult to use Twitter to track the flu because people may use words like \"fever\" in non-medical contexts. The actual meaning is that there are challenges associated with using social media data to track the flu, including the need to filter out irrelevant or misleading information.","questions":"What is the challenge associated with using social media data to track the flu?","answer":"Filtering"}
{"text":["You have tough words for President Obama in your Sun-Times column that's been posted now. Let me quote you, \"The president doesn't hurry, not even when his city is bleeding. \"","Those tough words are a function of - he's at the top of the Department of Justice. The Department of Justice - the feds seldom, if ever, hurry. And this - if they did engage in this - would be a civil rights case. While - when Laquan McDonald was shot and lay bleeding on the pavement after 16 bullets entered his body, the fact of the matter was that Ferguson, Mo. , had already jumped off. We were in the midst of other police situations in other major urban areas involving black youth and largely white officers. And so there was a real feeling of a cauldron boiling, and something - needed more largely than was being done to address it.","In Chicago, are there political implications here?","There are certainly political implications. When Laquan McDonald was shot, Rahm Emanuel was entering a tougher than normal mayoral re-election cycle. This would not have done well for him, so the city kept it quiet. But worse than that, Scott, worse than that is that the city and the union did not tell the truth about what happened. They both said hours after. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Turn (3) implies that Rahm Emanuel had a political motivation to keep the shooting of Laquan McDonald quiet, which is different from its literal meaning which is simply asking if there are political implications in Chicago","questions":"Which incident did Rahm Emanuel try to keep quiet for political reasons?","answer":"Shooting"}
{"text":["Well, for me it's almost anything that I'm sent and asked to click on in which somebody else is supposedly really embarrassing themselves. And I'm supposed to find this funny. I'm supposed to enjoy the spectacle. But it's just a physical response that I can't, you know. I clench sort of every muscle in my body and I can barely bring myself to watch it and then end up pressing stop. So, you know, examples would be the recording that was around this week of an employee of a cable company attempting to make a departing customer stay using all sorts of extraordinary arguments, I'm told. I'm told it was very embarrassing for the cable company employee. But I don't know because I can't bring myself to listen to it.","The guy who proposed marriage to a woman at the ballpark - you know about this one?","Oh, this is going to be a wedding proposal that is rejected in public, I think?","Yeah, that's it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn (4): The speaker is confirming that the proposal at the ballpark is likely to be a rejected one.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the proposal at the ballpark?","answer":"Rejected"}
{"text":["You know, I give him mixed reviews. I knew Daniel Hahn prior to him becoming chief. I am a former high school teacher. And I worked hand in hand with the police department. And in working with him, I truly, truly believed that he has a good heart and good intentions. But now that he's the chief of police, we have to hold him to the line of accountability and transparency.","Sonia, Stephon's death is the latest of several fatal shootings of black men by police across the country. And some of these killings are not well-known. But they're still happening. What do you feel needs to be done to address this?","You know, I'm of the mind set that our whole policing system needs to be dismantled and abolished. And we need to start over.","And what would that look like?","What that looks like here in Sacramento - what we have done successfully as a BLM organization is we've created community resources, alternatives to police. We have resources in the community that if this were to happen, call these people instead of calling the police.","Some of the protests that have been happening since Stephon was killed have been marches and protests that have filled streets and blocked traffic. Some protests blocked basketball fans from entering a sports arena. How far should the protests go?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker believes that the current policing system is irreparable.","questions":"Which word describes the PersonA's view on the current policing system?","answer":"Irreparable"}
{"text":["Yeah. That really happened.","I believe you - popping ibuprofen before going out to dance to stop the pain, wearing high heels all day. You had it bad.","I really did. I was a little bit of a slave to heels, and I don't think I even knew it.","Why is that?Why do you think you like them so much?And obviously you're not the only one. A lot of people like them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : She wore her high heels no matter what the pain she endured from them.","questions":"What was the reason for her pain?","answer":"Heels"}
{"text":["It did. There's no doubt that people said, look, it's kind of like the Oklahoma land rush. We're going to rush out over the human genome, stake our claims, have patent protection. It gives us an incentive to go out there and look through the vast number of genes that make up us and figure out whether we can find disease correlations and so on. That said, that was kind of the old model, Scott. The newer way to go at this is to change those genes - try to insert a gene, alter a gene.","This is the synthetic material.","That's the synthetic side. And that's where the action is now. It's not, you know, the companies that were out there doing what I'm calling the turf grabs across the genome, in a way I think their work is over and the action is going to be on the synthetic side.","Which I think to repeat - what we said when introducing you - that's legally fine, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The companies were not grabbing turf but claiming things as their own.","questions":"Which companies were not grabbing turf but claiming things as their own?","answer":"The-companies"}
{"text":["Well, for me it's almost anything that I'm sent and asked to click on in which somebody else is supposedly really embarrassing themselves. And I'm supposed to find this funny. I'm supposed to enjoy the spectacle. But it's just a physical response that I can't, you know. I clench sort of every muscle in my body and I can barely bring myself to watch it and then end up pressing stop. So, you know, examples would be the recording that was around this week of an employee of a cable company attempting to make a departing customer stay using all sorts of extraordinary arguments, I'm told. I'm told it was very embarrassing for the cable company employee. But I don't know because I can't bring myself to listen to it.","The guy who proposed marriage to a woman at the ballpark - you know about this one?","Oh, this is going to be a wedding proposal that is rejected in public, I think?","Yeah, that's it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Turn (3): The speaker is suggesting that the proposal at the ballpark is likely to be a rejected one. ","questions":"How does the speaker describe the proposal at the ballpark?","answer":"Public"}
{"text":["Well, I mean, on the one hand, you had - the Manafort indictment does not mention Trump. And - but the guilty plea that was unsealed involving this other campaign adviser, George Papadopoulos, does mention Trump. And the greater sort of uncertainty surrounds that guilty plea at this moment because it is a signal that they already have testimony from this person, already have emails and other records showing the extensive contacts of this person with others in the Trump administration. They're basically saying we know more than you guys think we do.","George Papadopoulos - has he been wearing a wire?","That's a good question. I mean, I think it's fair to assume that Trump's lawyers are looking at that question very carefully.","Carter Page and Hope Hicks, according to reports, are going to be questioned. Carter Page has a history with and in Russia, doesn't he?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: Has George Papadopoulos been secretly recording conversations with others in the Trump administration?","questions":"What is the focus of the uncertainty surrounding George Papadopoulos' guilty plea?","answer":"Wire"}
{"text":["What about the new government in Kiev. They issued a statement which is, as you described - at least through the translation - sounds like fighting words. What's their reaction been?","Well, there's not been more reaction than that except to say that earlier today, the Ukrainian president, the acting Ukrainian president accused Russia of trying to provoke a military conflict. This was before the vote in the Russian Parliament. And he referred to Russia's action in the past in other former Soviet regions with large Russian populations and said that Moscow's approach in Crimea is very similar to what Russia did before invading in other former Soviets areas.","So, a great sense of concern, a great sense of uncertainty of what will come next. It's not clear whether this is a still a political game or this is military brinksmanship.","And we're told, for example, that the U. N.  had I guess special representative Robert Sery was in Russia. He was supposed to head to the Crimea. Anything you've heard about negotiations to talk this thing through?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The implied meaning is that the Ukrainian president accused Russia of trying to provoke a military conflict, and that this accusation is related to Russia's actions in Crimea and in other former Soviet regions with large Russian populations. The literal meaning is consistent with this implied meaning.","questions":"How did the Ukrainian president describe Russia's approach in Crimea?","answer":"Similar"}
{"text":["Here to tell us more about that report is the vice chair of the commission, former senator from Missouri, Jim Talent. Welcome to the program, sir. And if you could tell us a bit about this report. It states that the biological threat to this country is greater than the nuclear one. What sort of biological threat are we talking about?","Well, people normally think in terms of like Anthrax, and that's the most visible potential pathogen. There's others that could be used, smallpox, for example. And one of the dangers is that, with DNA synthesizers that are available and dual-use technology all over the world, it's becoming increasingly easy to isolate pathogens, old or new. It's technologically easier to weaponize.","Can you tell me a little bit about how you conducted the research for this report?","We're a follow onto the 9\/11 commission, congressionally created, bipartisan. The report was unanimous, and we interviewed hundreds of people who travel all over the world, everywhere from the national labs in Sandia, to London, to Asia, to Russia interviewing people.","And then we all, each of us on the commission, has experience in this area as well. And what Congress wanted was an update on the assessment of the threat and then recommendations about what can be done to reduce it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The biological threat to the country is a serious concern due to the availability of DNA synthesizers and dual-use technology","questions":"What technology is making it easier to weaponize pathogens?","answer":"DNA"}
{"text":[". . . And because I've written certain things. And now I know that certain people in Saudi Arabia that I can't even name, people who work at the Royal Court, are putting names on a list, people like me and others. And these people are now blacklisted in this country. And we know it. I mean, we all know it, OK?So this is it. This is what's at stake.","Why do you think this is happening now?","What's different now is certain regimes, even if they were fierce and bold and sometimes ruthless with their own opponents, did not do this level of things abroad or in the daylight, OK?Mubarak could make opponents disappear in Egypt. He would never dare to touch someone in the streets of London or Berlin. The Saudi leadership used to kidnap some princes for family reasons in Switzerland or elsewhere, but they would not kill someone in the streets of Paris or Rome, OK?So this is now different. These countries today feel that they have withered an extraordinarily enormous storm, which is the Arab revolution that started in 2011, OK?So they are today on a full-blast quest and hunt against anybody who could threaten their political existence.","If the West specifically and the United States don't react forcefully to Jamal Khashoggi's disappearance, what do you think the effect will be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They would not do bad things were most people would find out about them.","questions":"Which regimes did not do this level of things abroad or in the daylight?","answer":"Regimes"}
{"text":["But that's the idea.","So far, on your video, you show that you can make something that looks like Band-Aid, like cover a cut.","It's like a blob. But it's a really beautiful blob.","It's beautiful. I think it reminded me of flower petals, you know, opening and closing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is different than what most people would imagine a blob to be.","questions":"Which word describes the blob in turn 2?","answer":"Beautiful"}
{"text":["But we can also use technology to, you know, warn providers when they're entering orders, for instance. If I'm supposed to be in Mr.  James Smith and entering a complex chemotherapy order, for instance, I'd get an alert saying, are you sure?","Because there was another, you know, Mr.  James Smith on the same ward in the hospital. Are you sure you're entering orders on the right Mr.  James Smith, you know, for instance?","Anything a patient can do to protect him or herself?","With electronic health records has come in a layer of additional transparency for the health care system where patients can access more information electronically than they could ever do before."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) The speaker is not only suggesting using technology to alert providers when they may be entering orders for the wrong patient, but also emphasizing the importance of preventing medical errors in the healthcare system.","questions":"How is the speaker emphasizing the importance of preventing medical errors?","answer":"Importance"}
{"text":["And so these two ally's ships were absolutely overmatched. Rooks did not try to avoid the battle; he offered himself to it. And in the end these two allied ships were absolutely overwhelmed by the power that fell upon them - Japanese torpedoes and shells, hitting them left and right. The Houston was finally hit by four torpedoes, which opened up her hull to the sea and the ship slowly began to settle in about 140 feet of water to the site of the wreck that the Navy's exploring today.","And could you tell us, please, about the ship's chaplain because he won the Navy Cross.","He did. Commander George Rentz was the oldest man on the ship. He was 59 years old on the night the Houston was sunk. He was clinging to a pontoon that belonged to one of the Houston's floatplanes. This pontoon was riddled by shrapnel, was taken on water, but it was literally a life raft for about a dozen or more Houston sailors.","He said to the sailors who were with him, he said, you men are young. I've lived the major part of my life; I'm willing to go."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning is (4) \"He said to the sailors who were with him, he said, you men are young.I've lived the major part of my life; I'm willing to go.\"","questions":"How did the ship's chaplain feel about sacrificing himself?","answer":"Willing"}
{"text":["Well, they do. But what people don't always realize about the Affordable Care Act is it's not just a discrete program in and of itself. It changed other government programs, too, and that includes Medicare.","What was the biggest change for Medicare?","Well, the one that's gotten the most attention is the change to prescription drug coverage. You may have heard about something called the doughnut hole. That's where Medicare would get you a discount on prescriptions but only up to a point. After that, you had to pay full price for drugs until you shelled out around 1,300 bucks. Then Medicaid would help you out again.","Now, some people never really reached that point because when they had to pay full price, they just started skipping some of their prescription meds. So the Affordable Care Act has been phasing out this gap. It saved people on Medicare more than $23 billion. But this program could go away with the repeal of the law.","That could go away, and we should say, once again, that we don't know yet what any replacement will look like. What have you heard among the ideas being proposed that might affect older Americans?","Well, a few members of Congress, Republicans, have circulated their own proposals for replacing the Affordable Care Act. And one thing that comes up in some of them, including in House Speaker Paul Ryan's plan, is a major change to Medicaid. Now, that's known as the program that provides health care for the poor. But it's also the program that pays for long-term care for a lot of older people. In fact, Medicaid pays the bills for most nursing home residents."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"it's not just a discrete program in and of itself\" This turn means that the Affordable Care Act is not a standalone program, but it also affects other government programs, indicating a metaphorical meaning of \"discrete,\" which means separate or distinct.","questions":"How did the Affordable Care Act affect other government programs?","answer":"Changed"}
{"text":["What goes in the clubhouse stays in the clubhouse - until the baseball manager writes a book, that is. It's Thursday, and if you haven't guessed, it's time again for a look at sports with our very own sports guru, the New York Times Sports Columnist, Mr.  Bill Rhoden. Mr.  Bill, what's up?","Hey, the great Tony Cox. How you're doing?","I'm doing great, man. Joe Torre, leaving New York as a beloved figure, but now he has written his autobiography, \"The Yankee Years. \"I know that he's been on his New York tour. People are buying the book. But, you know, some people are happy, some people not so happy.","Well, the people who are most important to be happy are happy. The publisher of course. . .","Anybody reading book, it's about selling books. And I, Tony, I sort of equate it to in football, the most important statistics for a receiver are yards after catch."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : What happens in the clubhouse should not be shared with others","questions":"How does turn 4 relate to turn 0?","answer":"Related"}
{"text":["Martin Evans covers the case for the Telegraph. Thanks so much for being with us.","You're welcome.","Now, I think a lot of us in the United States remember this robbery because allegedly the alleged burglars used an industrial power drill to break through the vault. How did they conceal that?","They did indeed. Well, this robbery took place over Easter weekend in April, which is a long bank holiday weekend - a five-day holiday in the U. K.  All the businesses would've closed for four or five days. And around 8:30 p. m. , the alleged gang arrived in a van and started loading equipment in the street. Now, to any passerby, they would have perhaps looked like workmen carrying out some sort of repair work."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of \"You're welcome\" is to thank someone for what they have done, but the implied meaning is that the speaker is accepting the gratitude.","questions":"Which word implies that the speaker is accepting the gratitude in turn 1?","answer":"implied"}
{"text":["Well, I think so. Among Republicans here in Utah, there are a variety of different flavors of Republicanism. And I think there are non-Mormon Republicans in the state who expressed concern about his readiness for office and some of the other statements that he made, in the same way that many other Republicans around the country have expressed concern.","At the same time, Hillary Clinton, the Democratic nominee, seems to have made a real specific and concrete direct appeal to Utah voters, hasn't she?","I think that's right. She published an op-ed in The Deseret News referencing LDS Church history and talking in ways that would have resonated with many Mormons or at least the language would resonate. Whether or not people who have come to some judgments, rightly or wrongly, about Hillary Clinton will ultimately be swayed by that is another question. But there's no question that Hillary Clinton or her campaign are reaching out to Mormons in a way that is different from what we've seen from Democratic candidates in the past.","Any sign of increased support or at least interest in third-party candidates?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Please read the examples above carefully!\" - Implied meaning: Pay attention to the examples given before continuing.","questions":"How did the speaker suggest paying attention to the examples above?","answer":"Pay"}
{"text":["Yeah. And that took a lot out of my legs. I was pretty fatigued by the end of the game, and I'm feeling it today.","And do - I bet you are a little tired.","But at - towards the end of the game, where you aware of the record?And where you aware you'd broken it?","I wasn't aware, actually. I think I was just so tired and so focused on scoring the basketball. There's a stretch late in the second half where I think I hit seven or eight consecutive threes, and I knew something special was going on after that."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"I bet you are a little tired\" - This expression is a form of a rhetorical question that is not meant to be answered. It is a way of showing empathy or understanding for the speaker's situation, rather than actually asking if they are tired.","questions":"What is the purpose of the expression \"I bet you are a little tired\"?","answer":"Empathy"}
{"text":["Windsor Castle was restored in exactly that timeframe. The day from the fire to the celebration of the reopening of the restored castle was a span of five years. I know people are feeling more positive than they did yesterday because more of the cathedral seems to have survived than seemed possible at the time. And it's a good starting point to think that five years is a reasonable timeframe for the project.","Architect Francis Maude - he's a director at Donald Insall Associates in London.","Thank you for speaking with us.","My pleasure. Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The implied meaning is that there is hope that the restoration of the cathedral will take a similar timeframe to that of Windsor Castle. The literal meaning is that the restoration of Windsor Castle took five years and it's a reasonable timeframe for the project.","questions":"What was the duration of the restoration of Windsor Castle?","answer":"Five"}
{"text":["What do you expect to see in the Basilica today?","Well, most of conservative legal Washington I expect to be there and also liberals who were Scalia's friends. That includes Vice President Biden. Antonin Scalia was one of these guys who really didn't care what your politics were. If you liked him, he liked you. He was not doctrinal in his friendships. And so I expect that it'll be somewhat mixed. Sen.  Cruz is said to be coming. I talked to one of Scalia's closest friends yesterday who said that Scalia certainly know who Cruz was. He's running for president. But, Cruz said he was going because he had this connection to the Supreme Court from when he was a clerk for Chief Justice Rehnquist. And my source said, well, unfortunately, Scalia really didn't remember him from his clerkship at all.","NPR legal affairs correspondent Nina Totenberg, Nina, thank you.","Thank you, Linda."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meaning of turn (2) is different from its literal meaning. While the literal meaning of the text is about who is expected to attend the Basilica, the implied meaning is that Scalia was a person who valued personal relationships more than political affiliation. The statement reflects his personality and attitude towards others.","questions":"Which attribute of Scalia's personality is reflected by the implied meaning of turn (2)?","answer":"Value"}
{"text":["These processes are difficult, and the negotiations are hard. But the president, to his credit, has decided that this is something he's going to do. He's taken on probably the toughest foreign policy challenge he could find in the world and has decided to make it his own. Now he has to find a way to ensure that the North Koreans and our negotiators return to the table and can pick up the pieces here and try to find a way forward.","Do you think he's leaving mano-a-mano sensitive diplomacy to the past, and he's willing to let lower levels and - or even the secretary of state - ensure that there is some deal?","Well, you have to remember the Singapore summit in June is nearly seven months behind us right now. And I think that Secretary Pompeo and his special envoy have put in a lot of time and a lot of effort. These negotiations, as I noted, are tough. But they're not only tough because of the issues between North Korea and the United States.","They're also tough because of real differences here in the United States about what we can do and what we can accomplish and how it ties to our larger strategy of nonproliferation, nuclear nonproliferation, in the world - but also how it links to our alliance relationships with South Korea and Japan and emerging relationships with China, not to mention Russia, which is one of North Korea's neighbors."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are not going to a table and picking up pieces but are actually just resuming conversations and trying to fix problems between them.","questions":"How are the North Koreans and negotiators resolving their issues?","answer":"Resuming"}
{"text":["Why would Hezbollah have anyone in Latin America except on vacation?","Well, historically there have been and are very large Lebanese expatriate communities in South America and Africa and, more recently now, in North America. And of course the vast, vast majority of those communities are perfectly law-abiding and wonderful people. But within those communities, over the course of the Lebanese civil war, you had some people who were providing support back home to one or another side of the civil war. And in the wake of the civil war, that continued. And as Hezbollah became the primary powerhouse on the Shia political, social and military side of the equation, support for the group continued to flow from the Shia Lebanese expatriates, some of whom were only supporting the group because it supported the Shia community back home and others because they supported the group's opposition to Israel, opposition to the West and sometimes even its axe militancy at home and abroad.","And what do the drug cartels get out of this arrangement?","They get their product moved. They get the proceeds of their transactions laundered. And those are the two things, along with production in the first instance, without which they don't function. And they really don't care who they do business with. They don't care if you call yourself Hezbollah or something else. Most of the people that do this for them are not terrorists. As long as you can move product and launder product, they don't really care about the rest of it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : And what do the drug cartels get out of this arrangement? Implicated meaning: The speaker is asking about the benefits or advantages that the drug cartels gain from their involvement or collaboration with Hezbollah. The speaker suggests that there is an arrangement between Hezbollah and the drug cartels, indicating a deeper connection and mutual benefit beyond a simple association.","questions":"Which organization benefits from its collaboration with drug cartels?","answer":"Hezbollah"}
{"text":["Thank you. Thanks for having me.","Now, the books were released on inauguration day. I don't know if that was significant or not. Tell us if it was and what inspired these collections?","Well, these collections I have been thinking about for a long time. I've been talking about it with my agent for sometime about doing something like this. The big fear was that, no publisher would be that interested in it because they wouldn't think the collection could be sustained over a period of time doing it every year. But Bantam believed it and so Bantam, we ultimately made a deal with Bantam to do it. The date wasn't really significant. I mean, the date turned out to be significant but we had set the date a long time before and we were just hoping that Obama would win so the date would really have some significance but it was all an accident. It turned out well though.","Now, you're going to - we've had anthologies before obviously. But the new thing about this anthology is that you're going to try to publish it annually. How difficult do you think that is likely to be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The books were released on inauguration day may have been significant","questions":"How were the books released?","answer":"Released"}
{"text":["Right.","It was, it's poignant because of Lisa \"Left Eye\" Lopez having passed away.","Definitely. And SWV and En Vogue, it was just yeah, that I thought, that was really good. I mean, where else could you see that but the BET Awards?","Yeah, it was, I mean I thought the staging was pretty amazing.","Definitely. Definitely."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The performance was emotional due to the death of Lisa Left Eye Lopez.","questions":"How was the performance?","answer":"Good"}
{"text":["Divers finally managed to get into the passenger decks of the ship. And they saw through a window three bodies, but they were unable to actually get in and recover those bodies. They did not find any survivors yet, but they've been trying very hard all week to get in there. They've been dealing with next to zero visibility, very strong currents. Also, they've been trying to pump air into that ship in the hopes that there are some survivors hanging on in air pockets. And because of that, they've got cranes on the scene, but they haven't tried to lift the ferry out of the water yet for fear that it'll further endanger those survivors.","Police have arrested the ship's captain and several crew members. What are the charges?","The charges against the captain are negligence. They're saying that he abandoned the passengers when they needed them. And a lot of people in this country are angry that the captain apparently jumped ship himself while telling the passengers, these high school students, on the boat to stay put and await help. Now the prosecutors say that at the time of the accident, the captain was actually not on the bridge of the ferry. The person taking the wheel was the third mate, who had never navigated some tricky waters where there are a lot of coastal areas and islands. And this was a very young and inexperienced third mate.","The vice principal of the high school where most of the passengers were from committed suicide. He was one of the survivors?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that the captain may be guilty of the accident because his actions may have contributed to the deaths of passengers.","questions":"Which action of the captain may have caused the deaths of passengers?","answer":"Abandonment."}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya and this is News & Notes. Staycation. It's one of those newfangled words that's caught on fast. A vacation is when you vacate. You take off, you stay in a hotel, or camp out, or see the sights. A staycation is - well, you got it. With soaring gas prices and plane tickets, this was supposed to be the summer of staying at home. But was that prediction off the mark?If you're thinking about traveling soon or for the winter holidays, what should you keep in mind?With us to talk about both of those issues we've got Madeline Nunn, senior travel agent with the Richmond, Virginia, branch of the American Automobile Association, or Triple-A. Hi, Madeline.","How are you?","I'm great. So, back in May, a Rand McNally survey found that two-thirds of Americans planning road trips this summer said they would shorten their trips or cancel them all together. Summer is wrapping up, so what actually panned out?","Well, actually, the staycation thing is sort of a myth, so to speak, because Americans are traveling. They're traveling because they are hard-working and they need the rest and the revitalization. They need this vacation. So, what we're finding is that they're not staying home, per se. Some are just staying a little closer to home. And sometimes they're limiting the length of time that they may take for this vacation."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The staycation trend was not as popular as predicted","questions":"What was the prediction about the popularity of the staycation trend?","answer":"Popular"}
{"text":["Right. And people in Detroit and in Michigan have seen that up close. Detroit is one of the country's leading cities for foreclosures, and people have just seen the values of their houses plummet there. What do you hear from your readers?","Well, they're very angry. And the next question is, well, who are they angry at?And the answer seems to be, well, who's available. If McCain is doing a swing through the suburbs today, they'll be mad at McCain. If the Democratic governor of Michigan, Jennifer Granholm, visits Detroit, they'll be mad at her. Both candidates still have favorable ratings above 50 percent. That's a little bit at variance with what I'm hearing anecdotally from readers. They seem much more polarized than that, and the Obama people seem much more hateful towards McCain and vice versa.","And what do they want to hear from the candidates?","They want to hear how the candidates are going to stem the hemorrhaging of manufacturing jobs in Michigan or alternatively, what they're going to replace those jobs with. Michigan has been struggling with job losses, foreclosures and high unemployment for well over a year now. And there's anger, but there's also a little bit of numbness at the constant patter of bad news."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"stem the hemorrhaging\" - figurative meaning: stop the rapid loss","questions":"What is the figurative meaning of the phrase \"stem the hemorrhaging\"?","answer":"Stop"}
{"text":["You know, we - we're in constant communication with our states. I know South Carolina has done - and all the states, for that matter - but South Carolina, they've done a very proactive job. North Carolina is really going to amp up the messaging on evacuations. Florida has, and Georgia. So, you know, we will be able to tell what those evacuation rates are, obviously working with our state. The states and the locals are the ones that actually call for those evacuations.","Right now, it seems to be going well, but it always could go better. You know, if you're in a danger or hazard area, you know, I ask you to take those warnings seriously, and evacuate and protect yourself and your family.","Jeff Byard of FEMA, thanks for speaking with us today.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : South Carolina is going to make more and much more public messages regarding evacuations.","questions":"Which state is mentioned as having done a proactive job in terms of evacuation messaging?","answer":"South"}
{"text":["Yeah. Mr. Champagne, is it rough to be - well, look, we've done stories in Englewood. What's it like to be a young man in Englewood now, surrounded, as I don't have to tell you, by a lot of crime, a lot of drugs, sirens all night?","Yeah, correct.","People who are, you know, afraid to walk the street. What's it like growing up that way?","Well, it's tough 'cause you got to know when to come outside, when not to come out; when to go to the store, when not to go to the store. You know, cross the street, go left, go right, you know, either way it go, you get, like, A, shot at or, you know, get jumped, get robbed. It's tough.","Yeah. And a program like this, how does it help you see things differently and what you should do differently?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Yeah. Mr. Champagne, is it rough to be - well, look, we've done stories in Englewood.What's it like to be a young man in Englewood now, surrounded, as I don't have to tell you, by a lot of crime, a lot of drugs, sirens all night?","questions":"Which area is PersonB referencing when he asks Mr. Champagne about being a young man surrounded by crime and drugs?","answer":"Englewood"}
{"text":["Yeah, I was looking for connection - that kind of familial intimacy that I just still didn't have. As a teenager, I went out into the world armed with my guitar and my little songs and my aggressive eye contact. And I was looking to connect with somebody else deeply.","It's so interesting - right?- that you did. You craved it. And as a result, you really looked for people's eyes. You wanted that moment of intimacy. Was it because you felt like you were an outsider in some way?","I was lonely. And yet I realized something - recording the audiobook. . .","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : As a teenager, A was seeking connection and intimacy with others","questions":"Which emotion did PersonA feel as a teenager?","answer":"Craved"}
{"text":["Oh, this is - this is about the rarest of the rare thing you could see. This is when Venus crosses in front of the sun. We had this happen in June 2004, but we're going to have a repeat here June 5, 2012. And we need to urge everybody to go see this thing because we are not going to live to see the next one. The next time this'll happen will be the year 2117.","Now, it's not quite as dramatic as a solar eclipse or anything like that, it's a little subtle, and may I do my sting impression?Is that OK?","Go ahead.","(Singing) There'll be a little black spot on the sun that day."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: (Singing) There'll be a little black spot on the sun that day.  The actual meaning of this turn is different from its literal meaning. It is a reference to a song by The Police, and is being used metaphorically to describe the transit of Venus, which will appear as a small black dot moving across the face of the sun.","questions":"Which song is being referenced metaphorically in turn 3?","answer":"Police"}
{"text":["Fans of \"Judge Parker,\" a serial created in 1952 that follows the life of small-town judge Alan Parker and his family, will have noticed that Judge Parker's storyline has taken a hard turn. He is in prison and, as of the last strip, recovering from a brutal beating at the hands of other inmates when they found out that he was a judge. It's the latest twist in a plot that's turned the comic strip into a platform for educating readers about the troubling realities of prison life. It's a lot to take on in a few illustrated panels, so we've called up the writer of \"Judge Parker,\" Francesco Marciuliano. He took over the strip in 2016, and he's also the writer of \"Sally Forth,\" another popular syndicated comic.","Francesco Marciuliano, thanks so much for joining us.","Oh, thank you very much.","So we've spoken to you before. And I'm not going to get into all the details about why Judge Parker is in prison because it's a little crazy. But I'm just going to kind of summarize to say that he was, in a way, trapped. He thought he was doing the right thing, and this is what happened. And I just have to ask - you know, where did this come from?Where did you get the idea to follow this storyline?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Judge Parker's storyline has taken a hard turn due to his imprisonment, making the comic strip a platform to educate readers about prison life","questions":"What is the current situation of Judge Parker in the comic strip?","answer":"parker"}
{"text":["Is this a book about how someone becomes a terrorist?","In part. I talk about this as a sort of - as a Genesis moment for the book. But I remember distinctly I was watching this interview with a foreign affairs expert. And it was in the wake of the - there had been these sort of protests in an Afghan village against the U. S.  military presence in Afghanistan.","And the interviewer's question was something along the lines of, why do they hate us so much?And as part of his answer, this expert noted that sometimes the U. S.  forces have to go conduct these nighttime raids in these villages. And when they do this, they'll sometimes have to hold the women and children up at gunpoint. And they'll tear the places apart. And then he added, you know, in Afghan culture, this sort of thing is considered very offensive.","And I thought, you know, name me one culture on earth that wouldn't consider this sort of thing offensive?And so part of the book is - has to do with this idea that we all suffer the same way, and we become damaged by suffering in the same way regardless of which part of the world we grew up in or what we believe."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of the statement is that the speaker talks about the genesis of the book and how they were inspired to write it. The implicated meaning is that the speaker was motivated to write the book by their observations about the U.S. military presence in Afghanistan and the reactions of the Afghan people to it.","questions":"What inspired the speaker to write the book?","answer":"Reactions"}
{"text":["As a matter of fact, I thought about conducting 10 years before I even started to practice it or to study it. But the interesting thing is that I didn't want to do it with just one community. I wanted to bring a lot of communities together. So of course it incubated in the jazz community and the free-music community, but I realized that if non-improvisers wanted to do this, I could incorporate all of them into an ensemble.","What do you think about jazz, some would say, it's lost a lot of its base African-American audience, but it started out with roots in the black experience. Do you think conduction relates to that continuation of the black experience?","Well certainly. I think - well, how can I phrase this?What I'd like to see is that more of the institutions that are dealing with black study, black-American music, get hip to everything that's not on the radio rather than what is on the radio. I don't know, this could be elaborated on for the next two hours.","We're going to have to catch up with you then, Butch."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"We're going to have to catch up with you then, Butch.\"  The literal meaning is that the speaker will need to catch up with Butch at a later time. The implied meaning is that the speaker is acknowledging Butch's expertise or knowledge in the topic being discussed and may need to learn more from them in the future.","questions":"Which name does the speaker use to address the person they will need to catch up with later?","answer":"Butch"}
{"text":["By the way, this is a health issue, too. This is just not an economic issue - 10,000 to 15,000 more people die of pollution from automobiles today than in car crashes. This is a national security issue. People say this is a single issue. This is all of these issues. And so these are investments that the vast majority are going to come from the private sector and private companies, not from the government. But the government does have a role, as it did when we went to the moon, as it did when we defeated fascism. And we're calling for an appropriate public investment to do that.","Now, you mentioned Republicans. The sad fact is, at the moment, that we're going to have to find a way to get this done without them because right now, we still have not seen the spirit of Teddy Roosevelt. We're seeing the spirit of Mitch McConnell, who will kill any climate change bill in its cradle if he has a chance. And that means we have to get rid of the filibuster. We have to prevent Mitch McConnell from stopping climate change. We have to let majority vote - one person, one vote - be the Democratic rule in the U. S.  Senate. I'm the first candidate to say that. I hope others will follow so that we can get progress in this.","Is that a unifying message, though, in these divisive times?","Yes, it is unifying because everyone - Republicans and Democrats - have an interest in not letting America catch fire. So everyone is going to benefit from this."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The issue of pollution caused by automobiles is a serious problem that needs to be addressed by investing in private sector and government; it is not just an economic issue but a national security issue as well.","questions":"How many more people die from pollution caused by automobiles than in car crashes?","answer":"10,000"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Secretary of State John Kerry has joined world diplomats in Geneva today in hopes of reaching an initial agreement to freeze Iran's nuclear program. His arrival suggests a deal may be within reach this weekend, but it's still not there yet. NPR's Peter Kenyon is in Geneva and joins us now. Peter, thanks so much for being with us.","Hi, Scott.","So, how do we read the tea leaves on this?The talks were supposed to finish yesterday, but now the secretary of state has flown all the way across the Atlantic to join them.","Well, it should be a positive sign, although the very latest comments from British Foreign Secretary William Hague are along the lines, well, the gaps are narrow but they're important and not easy to resolve. So, I think your point that we're not there yet is still very much in play. But I think there's also a high-level presence, which means there's a growing sense of urgency about wrapping up these talks. I mean, this is supposed to be the easy part - a six-month deal that's entirely reversible in just about every respect if something doesn't go right. So, hammering out a lasting comprehensive deal is going to be much harder than this. And if this one takes too long to negotiate, there's a fear the whole diplomatic enterprise could just collapse under pressure. We've already heard from both parties in Congress that more sanctions may come up next month if these talks fail. So, I'd say there is a feeling of some kind of a deadline. Maybe not this weekend but soon."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn (4), the statement suggests that despite the appearance of a positive sign, the comments from the British Foreign Secretary indicate that the situation is more challenging and difficult to resolve than it may seem. The literal meaning of the words may convey a positive outlook, but the implied meaning highlights the potential obstacles and complexities involved.","questions":"Which comments indicate potential obstacles and complexities involved in the situation?","answer":"Comments"}
{"text":["Well, yeah. That's the thing about everything in life, kind of, is that you kind of have to try certain things out to figure out what you want. So it's like you should always be able to have that moment of, like, figuring out who you are by using a bunch of different things that you've heard already. And then instead of still doing that for your whole career, which I think some people do, you have to take that and, like, digest it and then come out with something that's everything combined. And it's your own thing.","(Singing) Where did you go?I should know. But it's cold. And I don't want to be lonely. So show me the way home. I can't lose another life.","I get that sense of being real is something deeply important.","It's very important for me. I just feel uncomfortable having things be disingenuous. Like, I just have a big thing about honesty and, like, real. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  A: (Singing) Where did you go? I should know. But it's cold. And I don't want to be lonely. So show me the way home. I can't lose another life.","questions":"What is PersonA doing while saying \"Where did you go?\"?","answer":"Singing"}
{"text":["At the Melbourne Zoo, the monkeys are no longer allowed to eat bananas. And the pandas are getting pellets instead of plums. In fact, fruit has been phased out completely. That's because the fruit that humans have selectively bred over the years has become so full of sugar the zoo's fruitarian animals were becoming obese and losing teeth. So how did fruit get so sugary?And what does that mean for us humans?We're putting those questions to food writer and author Frederick Kaufman, who joins us now. Welcome to the program.","Oh. Hi. How are you?","I'm great. Thanks. So how has fruit changed since humans intervened in this process?","Well, listen. Since about 10,000 years ago in the origin of agriculture, human beings have been messing around with the sex life of plants. What you're looking at is natural varieties, which are puny, which are tasteless, which have no smell. And the farmers were like, we can do better than this. And they started crossbreeding almost from the get-go."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Humans began changing the way plants spread and grew.","questions":"Which beings have been messing around with the sex life of plants?","answer":"Human"}
{"text":["Yeah. The O'Neal family says that it shows cold-blooded murder. There is certainly rough language. I saw about nine minutes of one video. I think a lot of civilians might - it's a confusing thing to see. It's a - it's a crime scene after all, and it begins with the police car being sideswiped by a car stolen by the young man. At least one officer thought he'd been shot at.","Right. And it is - it is, among other things - first of all, you do not see the shooting of the 18-year-old because the officer who did the shooting, the fatal shooting, which was a gunshot to the back, was not his - his personal camera, body camera, was not turned on for whatever reason. But you see the vantage point of nine cameras, some worn by police officers, some on the dash boards of the car. And what you see is the kind of adrenaline and mayhem of police officers trying to corner a suspect.","And so when you finally do see Paul O'Neal, he is on the ground, face down. He's being handcuffed. Blood is coming out of his back. An officer has a foot on one of his legs as if to restrain him. And there's confusion because police are saying to each other, did you shoot?Were you shot at?And so there is a kind of mayhem quality.","In the time we have left, police and others have suggested that some of this, once again, an increase in homicide is because many gang leaders have been jailed or killed. How does that follow?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The phrase \"cold-blooded murder\" implies that the act was done with a clear intention to kill, indicating that it was done without any emotion or hesitation.","questions":"What phrase did the speaker use to describe the shooting in the video?","answer":"Cold-blooded"}
{"text":["My pleasure.","And we will get to civilization being in danger, I assure you. But first question - you just heard our interview with our Justice Department correspondent. Is it a good or bad decision not to release the Democratic memo?","I think it's a mistake. I've read the memo. And, again, our entire society is based on, you know, counterpoints. You think this. I think that. And the Socratic process is that the truth falls out as you go through that back and forth. I think it's a mistake not to release.","I have to tell you, you're one of the first public officials I've heard quote the Socratic process. I will mark that - which raises the question that you raise, why does this budget deal put civilization in danger?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A believes that releasing the memo is necessary for the truth to come out through a process of debate and discussion, and not releasing it is a mistake.","questions":"How does PersonA think the truth will come out regarding the memo?","answer":"debate"}
{"text":["It may be, except that the month of May had largely passed before the latest round of trade threats began. So these numbers appear to have more to do with where the overall economy stands after roughly a decade of expansion. We're well into the late stage of the cycle. And some degree of slowdown may be expected. Still, the weak jobs numbers highlighted the dangers of more trade war at this moment.","Impeachment continues a kind of slow roll. Now, you've made the distinction between an impeachment inquiry and actual impeachment proceedings. I wonder if this distinction is lost on many of the American people as they respond to public opinion polls. I mean, Senator Pelosi - or Speaker Pelosi said this week she thinks a lot of people think that impeachment means removing the president from office. Of course, it doesn't.","It doesn't unless the Senate goes along, and you're right. It's a tough issue to poll in part because of that misimpression. And as we have said before, the percentage that favor impeachment as they understand it is well under half. And in fact, it's lower than it was back in September. And the number of House members who favor impeachment has grown. It's up around 60, but that's still only about a quarter of the total Democratic caucus. So this is less a broad mandate from the people than it is a rallying cry for the activist core.","NPR, the PBS NewsHour and Marist organization polled the views of Americans on abortion, and there are both lots of nuance but also some clear generalities, aren't there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The weak jobs numbers highlight the dangers of more trade war.","questions":"Which numbers appear to have more to do with where the overall economy stands?","answer":"Overall"}
{"text":["Awesome.","Yesterday, a South African court cleared the way for corruption and racketeering charges to be filed against presidential hopeful Jacob Zuma. A lower court dismissed the case against the African National Congress leader on a technicality last September. And claims that there was political interference by President Thabo Mbeki led President Mbeki to step down. Now, where does this ruling - this new ruling bring us, Emira?","Total chaos, Farai. Clearly, there's so much going on behind the scenes on this issue. Zuma's trial was on again, off again. Now, it's on again. Will he be put forward on corruption charges, and what will be the political implications?","Clearly, he is head of the largest political party, the African National Congress, the oldest party on the continent. But the ANC now is going through real pressures. The split between Mbeki, the ouster of Mbeki, the former president of South Africa, has now led to a split within the African National Congress."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The African National Congress is experiencing internal division and pressure after the ousting of President Mbeki.","questions":"How is the African National Congress affected after President Mbeki's ousting?","answer":"Pressure"}
{"text":["So what you're hearing is a measurement that we make on our new mission. We just launched the Radiation Storm Belt Probes back in the very end of August. And we make measurements of the radio waves, and it turns out that these radio waves are in the same frequency range as human hearing. So we can take our measurement. We just turned into a WAV file or an MP3 file, and then you can listen to it.","Wow. And you have some other sounds as well, right?I think we have one ready to go.","What's that one?","That's a very classic sound for people in our field. That's something called a whistler, and it's been known for a very, very long time. And it comes about when a lightning strike occurs on the surface of the Earth. And that sends out a whole broad range of various radio waves, and they go up. And some of them can make it out through the Earth's ionosphere, which tends to reflect a lot of it. And as they move along out into space, it turns out the higher frequencies, the treble pitches, move faster than the slower, basier(ph) pitches. And so when they get to our satellite and measure them, what you hear first is that high pitch, and then it sweeps downward to lower and lower and lower frequency."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The radio waves can be heard by humans.","questions":"Which file format can the measurement be turned into?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["And Kellie, I hear a child behind you. May I ask, are you in a clinic?","Yeah. So I'm inside the health clinic at the refugee settlement.","OK. So you have a clinic set up to deal with Ebola cases. You also have, as you say, thousands of Congolese crossing the border every couple of weeks into the settlement where you are. What is the level of worry that you might get more cases?","People are very worried. I think until the outbreak stops in DRC, then the chances that new cases arrive in Uganda is very high."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The chances of new Ebola cases arriving in Uganda are high until the outbreak stops in DRC.","questions":"Which disease is mentioned in the statement?","answer":"Ebola"}
{"text":["Well, Manafort has a second case. That case is here in Washington, D. C. He pleaded guilty to two conspiracy charges. This is a case that was also brought by special counsel Robert Mueller. Manafort, in D. C, agreed to cooperate with the government. That cooperation deal collapsed after the special counsel's team essentially said that he lied to investigators about a number of things.","The presiding judge in D. C. , Judge Amy Berman Jackson, agreed with the government. The maximum sentence that Manafort faces here in D. C.  is 10 years. Now, the question that hangs over all of this is whether Judge Jackson here in D. C.  is going to make him serve, whatever sentence she gives him, simultaneously or stagger it. So is he going to get another 10 years in addition to what he got in Virginia?","Any chance of a presidential pardon?","The president has not taken that entirely off the table, but his lawyers say it's not under discussion."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"The question that hangs over all of this is whether Judge Jackson here in D.C. is going to make him serve, whatever sentence she gives him, simultaneously or stagger it.\" - The actual meaning here is that the question is whether Manafort will have to serve his sentence in D.C. in addition to the sentence he received in Virginia, or whether the sentences will be served at the same time.","questions":"Which question is being discussed regarding Manafort's sentences in D.C. and Virginia?","answer":"Serving"}
{"text":["Thanks for being with us, Scott. The president, of course, was in Paris this week. He was president Macron's guest for Bastille Day. There'd been some attention in this country which would affix President Macron as somehow a different figure than President Trump. The two of them seemed to get on very well. There seemed genuine rapport.","That's right. I think if this improves relations, it certainly improved body language when it comes to President Trump in Europe. You know, there were so many images at the G-20 of Trump just looking isolated, big policy announcements put out by every country except the United States. So I think Macron sensed an opening here. He saw that Trump needs a friend, an ally, a wingman - whatever you want to call it - in Europe.","And Trump has a long track record of responding when people show him respect and welcome him. There's certainly nothing more welcoming than a big parade being put on, so this seemed to work. They seemed to get along. The question is, does this get Trump to shift on any of the key policy differences?Starting with climate change, where they could not be any further apart.","There was a phrase in the press conference where he said, well, maybe there will be something with the Paris accords, right?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : And Trump has a long track record of responding when people show him respect and welcome him. There's certainly nothing more welcoming than a big parade being put on, so this seemed to work.\" Implicated meaning: Trump tends to respond positively when he is shown respect and hospitality, and hosting a grand parade was a way to create a welcoming environment that appealed to him.","questions":"What tends to make Trump respond positively, according to turn 2?","answer":"Respect"}
{"text":["And is there anywhere else, is there another ratcheting up of sanctions that's possible?","I think, you know, it's always possible to do more, but I think this next step will be the biggest change, the biggest increase in terms of what they'll really feel. The Central Bank piece is enormous, basically forces every financial institution in the world to choose between dealing with the American financial institutions and dealing with the Iran Central Bank. Not many people will choose to deal with Iran's Central Bank and that will really hamper their ability to have any kind of exchange in the international system.","Michele Flournoy, thank you very much for your time today. We appreciate it.","Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Forces every financial institution in the world to choose\": This is a hyperbole, which is an exaggerated statement used to emphasize a point. The sanctions on the Central Bank of Iran would not literally force every financial institution in the world to make a choice. However, it would significantly limit the options available to them when dealing with Iran, making it much more difficult for them to conduct business with the country.","questions":"Which word in turn 1 is an exaggerated statement used to emphasize a point?","answer":"Exaggerated"}
{"text":["Now, that's something that would be the kind of final explanation if we could rule out everything else, and of course the big job is ruling out everything else. So in our paper we have a number of possibilities, but again, none of them are easy. None of them are simple.","So if you wanted to have ordinary dark matter that has no stickiness, you would have to come up with some very convoluted mechanism for removing this cold dark matter from the galaxies that it loves so much. I mean, it just loves hanging out with these galaxies, doesn't want to let go of them under the cold, collision-less dark matter theory, which is our main theory that I think we all accept.","Yeah, but if you stick with the stickiness idea, then you have to give up the other ideas, that you think you know what dark matter is.","Yeah, so we actually don't know what dark matter really is. These are all theories. Dark matter is not part of our standard model of physics. The standard model accounts for protons and electrons and neutrons. But one of the things that's really exciting about dark matter, that makes it one of the deepest mysteries of the cosmos, is that we know - we are pretty sure that dark matter is not part of the standard model."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A: \"I mean, it just loves hanging out with these galaxies, doesn't want to let go of them...\" Implicated meaning: The speaker is personifying dark matter by saying that it \"loves\" and \"doesn't want to let go\" of galaxies, suggesting that dark matter has a strong gravitational interaction with galaxies. The actual meaning is not that dark matter has emotions or desires, but rather emphasizing its gravitational effects.","questions":"What is the speaker personifying in the statement?","answer":"Dark-matter"}
{"text":["Well, I think one of my roles - at least the way I pretty much defined my life and work for 35 years in the academy and was quite lucky in serendipitous ways began teaching at Yale at the time of the moment that's now considered, I guess, the revolutionary moment at Yale with the Black Panthers and Bobby Seale and Erica Huggins and others.","So, I always saw a kind of resistive undercurrent in the university even at its Ivy League level. And I've tried to identify myself in the academy with that resistive undercurrent. And I've tried to maintain an integrity of my public appearances and what I write that never refuses to look at the fact that racism, in my estimation, is more rampant in the United States and globally than ever before.","One can say is the glass half-full or half-empty. I think that's mere casuistry. It seems to me that the glass is empty for the majority of Americans now, not just black Americans, and it's not near any liquid refreshments source that I know of, the foreclosures, the economics of the present time, the war.","It seems to me that Henry Louis Gates Jr.  and Cornel West made a deliberate turn at a certain point in their career and decided, in the case of Mr.  Gates for example, that he was not going to do another profoundly brilliant book in his\u2026","Well, professor, I'm sorry, we have to wrap this up. There's a lot there, but thank you so much, Professor Baker."],"speaker":["A","A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker believes that the current state of affairs in America is bleak and lacking in resources and opportunities for most people, regardless of their race.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the current state of affairs in America?","answer":"Bleak"}
{"text":["So off I went to Moscow with a couple of colleagues to talk about how intelligence services should work in democracies. And I found myself sitting in the Lubyanka, their headquarters, which over the years had been sort of prison death cell torture chamber, facing a long line of KGB officers and talking to them about democratic oversight and such things. It was certainly one of the strangest events of my working life I think.","(Laughter) Forgive me, but this is a week to ask - do you think they took good notes?Were they paying attention to this democracy?","(Laughter) No, I don't think they were actually. They looked at us with rather hard, cynical eyes. And I wrote somewhere that it seemed to be like two wild animals surveying their prey but not being able to get at them. But I don't think they were particularly interested in all this oversight and democracy stuff, no.","And may I ask you, just based on your experience and the way you survey events, what does Russia want these days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using subtext or implications to communicate something that they don't feel comfortable saying outright, but the listener may need to read between the lines to understand their true meaning.","questions":"Which word might the speaker in turn 2 be implying without saying it outright?","answer":"Menace"}
{"text":[". . . Does her story intersect with KBR Halliburton's?","I mean, you know, there was a group of human rights lawyers here in the United States who heard about this case, who read my work more than a decade ago. And three very idealistic young human rights lawyers, one of them had been a Peace Corps volunteer in Nepal. And, you know, they took up this case. This was really the dawn of the era of modern-day slavery and international human trafficking. And the U. S.  government had fueled it with our own tax dollars.","What were these human rights lawyers trying to prove against KBR?","Well, they were trying to prove their culpability. First, they just needed to prove that these men were in KBR supply chain in order to get U. S.  government compensation for them, which took two years. And the key witness, you know, they needed the families. They represented the families, then, in a human trafficking civil action that they brought, hoping to end this practice in the U. S.  military and also hoping to get some justice for the - for Kamala and the other victims."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The lawyers took up the case against KBR to end human trafficking and get justice for the victims, not only for U.S. government compensation.","questions":"What was the primary goal of the human rights lawyers in taking up the case against KBR?","answer":"b"}
{"text":["I'd say first, over all, we have had a measure of success in reducing nuclear proliferation over the years. And so North Korea and Iran are really exceptions to what has been a successful policy. Not simply by the United States, but by the international community. I mean, we can't do this alone. We depend on international cooperation.","North Korea is an exception because it is so difficult to deal with. They have used their nuclear weapons not so much from the standpoint of making military threats, but as an instrument of extortion, to get economic concessions for what in fact is an impoverished country.","Now that leads me to my next question. We're coming down toward the close. And it's this. White-collar terrorism, is that an example of what you just described, of white-collar terrorism, extorting, using the threat to extort money?","It does have that concept to it, because it does fall in the camp - in the realm of extortion, rather than military strategy. Quickly, with regard to Iran, there is a very difficult issue, because in fact Iran's quest to be a major power, including the possession of nuclear weapons, really precedes the current administration in Iran, and is likely to be a long-term quest that isn't going to be very, very, difficult to stop."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : instrument implies a strategy and not an equipment ","questions":"How does North Korea use their nuclear weapons?","answer":"Extortion"}
{"text":["Well, we - it seemed that this is something that happened fairly recently. Dan Coats had been at odds with the president, seemed like he might be on the way out. So that part of it wasn't such a surprise. And there were reports that Ratcliffe did meet with the president a couple of weeks ago, so he had sort of caught the president's attention. And then Ratcliffe was a very sharp critic of Robert Mueller, suggesting that Mueller had overstepped his bounds in the sort of televised hearing when Mueller went up to Capitol Hill.","So some are saying that almost was sort of an audition for this job because, in just a few days later, the president tweeted that Dan Coats was out and Ratcliffe was in. And then today the president has tweeted again saying, John Ratcliffe is being treated very unfairly by the lame-stream (ph) media. And rather than go through months of slander and libel, he's decided to stay in Congress.","What does this mean for the intelligence community?","Well, we'll find out. Dan Coats is still scheduled to leave the job on August 15. Now, by statute, the deputy, Sue Gordon, who's very highly respected - spent well over 30 years in the intelligence community; widely known, widely respected - she's supposed to take over on an interim basis, but it hasn't happened yet. And just within the past hour, Trump said that he might choose her on an interim basis but didn't commit to it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to be at odds means that you disagree with someone and argue about it","questions":"What happened to Dan Coats?","answer":"Out"}
{"text":["Let me move on to another issue. I was covering both the Democratic and Republican Conventions, and one of the biggest applause lines during the Republican Conventions had to do with drilling for oil. Drill now, drill now, drill now. There is a serious set of distinctions between Senator Obama's policy towards energy and the McCain campaigns policy towards energy. Very briefly, very briefly, describe them to me, as they would affect consumers.","OK, I would say three distinct differences. One, the emphasis of McCain has been on drilling. The facts show that he U. S.  consumes 25 percent of the world's oil and has 3 percent of the reserves. So it's obvious that we cannot drill our way out of that problem.","Obama's focus has been on what can we do in the immediate run, and in the long run, to wean our dependence on oil. And that means investing in an extensive program to convert the economy with green jobs and research, deployment, development of alternative energy. And it also means efficiencies, conservation, raising fuel standards and things to reduce our demand.","So emphasizing the whole portfolio of energies and reducing our demand, but we know that ultimately we've got to move to a different source of energy, and that's the only way to do it. And that is a very big difference between the two candidates."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Obama's energy policy focuses on reducing dependence on oil through green energy and efficiency measures","questions":"Which policy does Obama's energy policy aim to reduce dependence on?","answer":"Oil"}
{"text":["Right.","Or La Scala in Milan. And now you debuted at the Met this fall. What was that like?","It was pretty awesome. And it all didn't really hit me until the curtain came down after the first performance. Because up until then, I was just, you know, trying to rehearse and trying to work, you know, really hard, and make sure that, you know, I was doing everything I needed to do. And even going out on stage the first time, it really didn't hit me, because I was just trying to stay focused. But once the curtain came down and we were doing the curtain calls, and I could actually see out to the house how many people were out there, and, you know, the whole occasion of it all didn't strike me until then. And boy, it was just - it was amazing, because for any young American singer, that's the place you're shooting for, it's the pinnacle of the opera world. And it was great. Just thinking about it sitting here right now, I was just - yeah, I'm just - I'm really grateful to have had that experience.","Yeah, I can only imagine. Well, let's talk a little bit more about the role that you were playing, General Leslie Groves in the opera \"Doctor Atomic\" by John Adams. And it's a modern opera about the countdown to the first test of the atomic bomb in the New Mexico desert during World War II. Let's start out by listening to you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker feels he has reached the height of his professional career by performing in a certain venue","questions":"Which venue did the speaker refer to as the pinnacle of the opera world?","answer":"Met"}
{"text":["You have your camera there with you?","I do. You want a sound effect?","Yeah, please.","You're listening to WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies that B want to probably have a picture with A.","questions":"How does PersonB want PersonA to use their camera?","answer":"Picture"}
{"text":["They are of course big spenders, but at the same time there are so many different kinds of collections as there are collections. Some collectors are happy, some are tormented. Some buy very little, while others can't help themselves. Why do people collect?Well, I once interviewed the great art historian Kenneth Clark and he once said that it's like asking why we fall in love. The reasons are quite so different. And it's very true.","Forgive a couple of stereotypes but are there a lot of Saudi princes or Russian billionaires on this list?","I haven't counted them all. One of my favorites is not Saudi and not a Russian prince. Let's call him Mr.  D.  He collects impressionist paintings and a good friend of mine was at his mansion not too long ago and the collector said before you look at them I just have to switch something on. And when he was exactly about five feet away from the Monet the sound system was activated and the room was abruptly flooded with Debussy.","Debussy?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  A: \"And when he was exactly about five feet away from the Monet the sound system was activated and the room was abruptly flooded with Debussy.\" - The speaker is describing an experience where the collector used music to enhance the viewing of the artwork, suggesting that the collector has a deep appreciation for the arts and values different sensory experiences.","questions":"How was the viewing of Monet's paintings enhanced?","answer":"Music"}
{"text":["So along the way, you met a lot of interesting characters. And I want to particularly talk about a sommelier named Morgan Harris. He plays a big role. He's kind of like your wine shepherd. Tell us a little bit about him.","Ah, my wine fairy godmother. I mean, he's just amazing. He was my - he was really my mentor. He had this magnetic passion for wine. I mean, the first time I met him, I basically sat through a 2. 5-hour monologue that was an ode to everything from the great Rieslings of the early 20th century to the $1,200 bottle of champagne he thought would be a religious experience.","So this is a question - because he is this sort of wine evangelist if you will, he believes wines can recontextualize people's places in the universe. First of all, what does that mean?","And second of all - I mean, do you think that wine really has the power that he says it does?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"do you think that wine really has the power that he says it does?\" Here, the speaker is using the figurative expression \"the power that he says it does\" to refer to the transformative and meaningful impact of wine that Morgan Harris believes in. The literal meaning of \"the power that he says it does\" would be related to a concrete or tangible capability or function of something.","questions":"Which expression did the speaker use to refer to the meaningful impact of wine that Morgan Harris believes in?","answer":"Meaningful"}
{"text":["I am.","How has that affected your feelings about gun registration and gun control?","Well, you know, I mean, I'm also a former paramedic, so I have treated lots and lots of gunshot victims and I have investigated lots and lots of gunshot victims, including homicides, obviously. So, it has a profound effect. I mean, I understand what we're really talking about in the literal sense. I've been shot at. I get the trauma of all that. This isn't an academic exercise for me.","And that leads you to conclude what about guns?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A: Well, you know, I mean, I'm also a former paramedic, so I have treated lots and lots of gunshot victims and I have investigated lots and lots of gunshot victims, including homicides, obviously. So, it has a profound effect. I mean, I understand what we're really talking about in the literal sense. I've been shot at. I get the trauma of all that. This isn't an academic exercise for me.","questions":"Which profession did PersonA have before?","answer":"Former"}
{"text":["Oh, it was wonderful. My father used to play the accordion and my brothers used to sing as well. So growing up with them, I learned a lot. It was not difficult for me to become a musician. I just have to create my own identity - that was the hard part.","(Singing in foreign language)","Some people call your sound Congo Rumba. What does that phrase mean to you and what kind of flavors do you try to put into your music?","Rumba is an old form of music that requires two people to come together and dance. It originated way back in our traditional music. Of course, the name sounds familiar because of Kuba. We know Kuba is a very strong African tradition so they played that kind of music as well. So, when it came back to us in Africa, especially in Congo, it was welcomed back home. So, it's a very old type of music, and it's about love. It's about (unintelligible). So, I like to sing for lovers. I like to sing for peace. I like to sing for people who can dance to people.","(Singing in foreign language)","You're donating percentage of the sales from the CD to the Dikembe Mutombo Foundation, and we spoke with Dikembe last year on the show. He's \u2014 just remind folks from the Democratic Republic of Congo a place for the NBA. How did you connect with his foundation?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"I just have to create my own identity - that was the hard part.\" (Literal meaning: Creating one's own identity was difficult.)","questions":"Which part of the music industry was difficult for B?","answer":"Music"}
{"text":["Well, what would that serious diplomacy look like?I mean, I - the United States would have to - what?- accept a. . .","It's a fair question, you know, why diplomacy would work now when it's failed in the past. I think that the breakout is a game-changer for the United States because we're directly - become directly vulnerable to North Korea. But it's also a game-changer for China because they'll either - they'll have to live with the strategic consequences of a breakout, which could - are unknown. South Korea could reassess its non-nuclear status.","So I think the conjunction of factors that we can bring China into play would have the goal of obtaining a nuclear - a freeze to lock in North Korea at its current level of capabilities. And for China - I think the conjunction of factors is that for China, they would retain their buffer in North Korea. And they would prevent these adverse strategic consequences. North Korea would maintain its minimum deterrent, and the regime would remain in power. For the United States, it would prevent this breakout, and it would offer us a not-great narrative. But we would say that this is an interim agreement toward the long-term goal of denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula.","Well Mr.  Litwak, in the minute we have left, can you really trust any - the process of reaching or signing any agreement with a regime like North Korea's?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : So I think the conjunction of factors that we can bring China into play would have the goal of obtaining a nuclear - a freeze to lock in North Korea at its current level of capabilities.\" - The implied meaning is that involving China in the situation could lead to an agreement that aims to prevent North Korea from further advancing its nuclear capabilities, essentially freezing its current level of capabilities.","questions":"What is the goal of involving China in the situation according to turn 2?","answer":"Lock"}
{"text":["It's great to be with you, Ira. Thank you.","I'm just looking at the abstract of your study, and some of these numbers are amazing. Seventy-two percent, 72 of all Americans think that global warming should be a very high or medium or a priority for the president and the Congress. That crosses all party lines.","It does. It includes 84 percent of Democrats, 68 percent of independents and 52 percent of Republicans. So yes, there is this difference between Democrats and Republicans. But nonetheless, a majority of Republicans do think that global warming should be a priority for our elected officials.","So why are we all under the impression that there is not this majority?","Ah. Great question. So one of the things that became very clear to us early in our research was that Americans don't speak with a single voice on this issue. And in fact, what we've identified is what we call a global warming's six Americas, that essentially you can look at the country and find that there are six very different communities within the United States, that each respond to this issue in very different ways. One group we call the alarmed. That's only about 12 percent of the public."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : So why are we all under the impression that there is not this majority? (Literal meaning: asking for an explanation for the discrepancy between the actual support for global warming priority and the perception that such support is lacking)","questions":"Which group accounts for only about 12 percent of the public?","answer":"EU"}
{"text":["Five cases of cholera have now been confirmed in the port city of Beira, Mozambique. And this is spreading in the wake of what the United Nations has called the worst catastrophe to hit southern Africa. A cyclone and massive flooding two weeks ago killed hundreds of people.","Earlier this morning, we were able to reach Caitlin Ryan. She is the emergency communications officer for the group Doctors Without Borders. They're also known by their French initials MSF. She is in the city of Beira, and I asked her what it's like there.","In many ways, it does feel like life is returning to the city. There's some food in the market; people have cleaned the streets. And we're starting to treat a lot of injuries of people repairing their homes. So in many ways, life is returning to normal. But in many other ways, maybe even a hundred thousand people are sleeping without roofs, they don't have enough food, and access to clean water is severely, severely limited.","Well, speaking of health problems - I mean, what can you tell me now about these cases of cholera?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In (4), the speaker is not asking for a description of the current health problems; they are asking for information specifically related to the cases of cholera that were mentioned in (1).","questions":"Which disease is being specifically asked about in turn 3?","answer":"Cholera"}
{"text":["I watched the movie \"Concussion,\" and that kind of really gave me some insight onto what could happen if I kept on playing football and some of the injuries that could occur.","So nobody had ever spoken to you about this before - your coach, your family. It wasn't something that really was on your radar at all.","No, it really wasn't any of my concern. I wasn't really worried about it. You know, I had a head injury my junior year in football and then, you know, I kind of just shrugged it off, didn't think it was much of anything","So looking at the film with Will Smith, you thought, hey, I'm a football player. I'm, you know, in high school. And if I keep this up, something terrible could happen."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker was able to empathize with the film's portrayal of the risks associated with playing football, realizing that their own participation in the sport could have serious consequences. This suggests the power of media and storytelling to influence and educate individuals about important issues.","questions":"Which film did the speaker watch and empathize with?","answer":"Concussion"}
{"text":["In fact, no. My impression is that the fact that these asylum seekers and the poor conditions in which they lived became public, this is shameful and disgraceful for Hong Kong. And that is what makes them a target.","They're trying to get to Canada. And their association with Snowden may be creating problems there?","It's certainly possible. We completed all of their applications and requested urgent treatment because of their vulnerability in Hong Kong months ago. They initially told us that they were expediting the files. And then two months later, they said that they were not expediting the files. But they didn't say why. And this is why we've decided to go before the court to force the government to meet its commitment - one that our clients relied upon. And now they're at the 11th hour facing imminent detention and eventual inevitable deportation, and Canada is the last hope.","And what is your best guess as to what has prompted what seems like a change of heart on Canada's part?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : To have a change of heart it means that a person can change their attitude to the specific person. In this case, Canada may have a change of heart on the refugees due to the poor conditions from Hong Kong.","questions":"What might have prompted Canada's change of heart towards the refugees?","answer":"Poor"}
{"text":["So this is the story. In Islam, you can't remove a picture which has a cross in it. That was my wife's understanding. She - that's what she gave me to understand. And she said, don't ever remove this. And then this restaurant became very lucky for us. We - from being hand to mouth, we became self-sufficient. So this proved to be a lucky painting. Plus, this was a colorful painting, and this was all we could afford at the time. So we want to keep it, and we want to keep that cross as long as I'm alive and kicking.","It's a sign of how so many communities have built Houston into what it is today - influencing each other, melding into something unique. Lashkari has applied that to the dishes he serves. His signature chicken curry, cooked in huge metal pots in his sweltering, fragrant kitchen, is made with Mexican tomatillos and cilantro. It's incredibly delicious. And we ate that along with the best saag paneer, a spinach and cheese dish, that I have ever tasted.","We do a lot of fusion right now. This restaurant is famous for its fried chicken. It's fried the Southern way, but it's - the chicken - the raw chicken is marinated with Indian spices. My white gravy is made with cashew nuts and almonds and coconut. So it looks like a white gravy of the chicken-fried steak, but it's totally different.","So Pakistani and Indian food with deep Texas roots.","Yeah, yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"So Pakistani and Indian food with deep Texas roots.\" - This turn is literal in meaning because it accurately describes the cultural influences on the food.","questions":"Which turn accurately describes the cultural influences on the food?","answer":"Pakistani"}
{"text":["How are you doing?","Hello, Farai. How are you?","Oh, I'm good. You know, we've run in full tilt here. So, let's start with the Democrats. For months, Senator Clinton had held a comfortable lead over Senator Obama, nationally. All caveats about polls in place. What happened to their relative standing?","Hillary Clinton was over 50 percent in some polls in 2007, and then in - even in January - even after Barack Obama had shocked her in Iowa, she still maintained a 15 to 20-point lead in most polls taken nationally because Barack Obama had not yet been introduced to much of the country, and it was still kind of one-sided contest. But over the last couple of weeks, particularly since the South Carolina win really re-launched to the Obama momentum, he's been not just creeping up, he's been absolutely climbing up, and he has been taking over more and more states. And as a result, now even the national poll is reflecting that this race is too close to call - it's a statistical dead heat."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implicated meaning: We have been extremely busy or working at full capacity.","questions":"How was the pace of work at their place?","answer":"Full"}
{"text":["And now we'll go to another Dickerson. This is Brian Dickerson. He's a political columnist for the Detroit Free Press. And we're going to talk about Michigan. It is one of the key swing states in this election. Welcome to the program.","Thank you, Madeleine.","Well, both candidates have stumped a lot in Michigan, and is either candidate getting more traction?","Well, the most recent polls this week are a little mixed. But generally, the average of the reputable polls has been showing Obama steadily in front since about mid-June and picking up some momentum in the last two or three weeks."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"We're going to talk about Michigan.\" - This turn has a literal meaning and is also used with its actual meaning.","questions":"Which state is discussed in the dialogue?","answer":"Michigan"}
{"text":["And both of those things are true and not true in about equal measure. What happened instead was that Russia didn't embrace democracy. Russia didn't embrace freedom. And that's what I tried to write a book about, which is a difficult task - to try to write a book about absences.","I didn't know until reading your book that the Putin regime has incinerated food in a country with a history of famine. Why?","It wasn't extraordinary then. This was a few years ago after Putin had introduced counter-sanctions in response to the Western sanctions imposed on Russia after its invasion of Ukraine. And the counter-sanctions were very much designed to make Russians feel the brunt of sanctions - right?- because the sanctions that are imposed by the West wouldn't necessarily sort of mobilize the population against the West.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The answer to (2) is not a literal request for information, but instead implies a feeling of disbelief and surprise that such a thing could happen.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue suggests that the Russian counter-sanctions were intentionally designed to have a negative impact on the Russian population?","answer":"2"}
{"text":["From an economic perspective, they certainly don't seem to. All the evidence suggests that stadiums are not good economic drivers. But that being said, that doesn't mean that there is not value in a stadium. There are things like quality of life, things like civic pride. But ultimately, a lot of the economists I spoke to landed on the fact that what you need to do is have honest conversations among taxpayers and voters in terms of what you want to spend and why. Don't tell taxpayers that the stadium is going to make them rich because it's not going to. But it may enrich your life if you're a fan. And so take that into account and think about it the same way you would a golf course or an arts district. Is this something that you want to pay for?It's not an investment, but it's consumption.","You are awfully impressed by the art and craft of grounds crews.","Oh, I was.","A clever grounds crew can mean a difference in close games, can't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) implies that while stadiums are not good economic drivers, they still have value in terms of quality of life and civic pride. However, taxpayers and voters should be honest about what they want to spend and why, and not expect stadiums to make them rich.","questions":"What is the main reason for taxpayers to be honest about their spending when it comes to stadiums?","answer":"Consumption"}
{"text":["What was fascinating was that, although most of them, in their 90s, don't want to have German citizenship back, they were saying that their children and grandchildren are also applying.","I try to be careful with questions that are premised on what someone who is gone would think. But I'm going to chance one in your case. If your parents were here, what do you think they'd make of your decision?","I've been thinking about that a great deal. And my mother only went back to Germany once, and she only went back when my father said - my father was born in Britain - when my father said to her, Liesel, if you don't go to Germany now, I won't be alive, and I won't be able to come with you. And she went back. And she had an amazing time, and she saw her all old school friends. And what would she have felt?I think she'd have felt ambivalent, to be honest. My father would have just been completely relaxed about it, I think.","But it's been very interesting because my son feels very strongly that he wants German citizenship. My daughter's not at all sure. She can't see it, and she just says, you know, why would you want it, given the history?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies that the speaker's daughter has a negative view of Germany and its history, and thus does not understand why anyone would want German citizenship.","questions":"What is the daughter's opinion on Germany's history?","answer":"negative"}
{"text":["Last week, Purdue Pharma and the Sacklers reached a tentative deal with thousands of plaintiffs over those lawsuits and - which would've paid up, I guess, $3 billion out of their personal fortune. Why did most state attorneys general reject that deal?","Well, what they say, basically, Scott, is that Purdue Pharma and the Sacklers aren't paying enough under this deal. They think the family is worth around $13 billion. That's the Forbes family - the magazine estimate. And the vast majority of that came from pushing really aggressively to turn OxyContin into a bestselling drug. So these AGs want members of the family to cough up more of what they describe as ill-gotten gains.","I will say the family sent an email to NPR this week. They said the deal on the table will drain a lot of their personal wealth and mean them giving up Purdue Pharma, this company that they own outright.","What is it that New York's attorney general and her team say they found?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"to cough up more\" implies to remit more payment","questions":"What is the phrase used to describe the amount of money state attorneys general think Purdue Pharma and the Sacklers should pay?","answer":"Illgotten"}
{"text":["Thank you.","So boys are broken. What did you mean by that?","I want to clarify that I am not an expert in gender studies. I'm not an expert really in anything, other than maybe '80s music. And so my thoughts are reflective on my experiences and the experiences of people around me and my observations after living 46 years as a dude. What do I mean by boys are broken?I think it means that there is something going on with American men that is giving them the permission and space to commit violence. And one of the main things we focus on correctly is guns and mental health, but I think deeper than that is a problem, a crisis in masculinity.","You wrote in this that the last 50 years redefined womanhood. Women were taught that they can be anything. No commensurate movement for men, who are still generally locked to the same rigid, outdated model of masculinity. And it's killing us. When you say that there's this rigid masculinity, what do you mean by that - that men aren't able to express themselves?","Partially, yeah. I also think that masculinity doesn't have a language in the way that femininity has come to have a language. We understand that femininity can be much more broadly encompassing than masculinity now. When you think of a strong woman, that doesn't rob her of any of her femininity. But when you think of a fragile man, that has the effect culturally, I think, of neutering that guy. And so much of masculinity is rooted in sexuality."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Boys are broken implies that there is no commensurate movement for men to redefine masculinity, which is still generally locked to the same rigid, outdated model.","questions":"Which concept is masculinity still locked to?","answer":"sexuality"}
{"text":["His anatomy turns out to be such that when he tastes something, he experiences it as much more intense than someone who has a lower density of taste buds on his tongue and. . .","Well, let me go through - let me ask you - well, let me just remind everybody that this is SCIENCE FRIDAY, from NPR. And I'm talking with Barbara Stuckey, author of \"Taste What You're Missing. \"Are you saying that we each have different numbers of taste buds on our tongues?Not - we all don't have the same number of taste buds?","We all live in our own private sensory world. So yes, the answer is we all have a different anatomy picture that really influences how we experience. . .","Wow."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B: Wow.The word \"Wow\" is often used to express surprise or astonishment, but in this context, it may not convey the literal meaning of a sudden reaction. It could be indicating the listener's genuine interest or fascination with the previous statement, rather than just an exclamation.","questions":"How did the PersonB react to the previous statement?","answer":"Interested"}
{"text":["And he met a tragic end, I gather.","Yup. Much like Martin Luther King, he had his young life cut short by gunfire from a white assassin.","I don't understand how America doesn't know so much about him and why Philadelphia took so long to recognize him.","I think part of it is that in the decades after reconstruction, there was almost a big version of what we might now call a white backlash. America got into the birth of a nation era when that movie depicted Klansmen as heroes and black leaders of reconstruction as morons and sexual predators when in fact there's this whole rich history that lots of good historians have started to dig out in the last few decades of black political activists who even began their activism right at the tail end of slavery."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The actual meanings of these turns are: (2) Martin Luther King was killed by a white assassin; (3) America doesn't understand or appreciate the contributions of black leaders during Reconstruction; (4) America's history of racism and white supremacy has been ignored or minimized for many decades.","questions":"Which era?","answer":"Reconstruction"}
{"text":["What happens to a city when a whole bunch of its residents get really rich really quickly?A lot of people in San Francisco are worried about that right now. The city's in the middle of a tech IPO boom. Lyft and Pinterest went public earlier this year. Stock in Uber begins trading tomorrow. Other big names plan to follow. And that means thousands of new millionaires in a city that's already one of the least affordable in the country. This week, Gordon Mar, who serves on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, proposed a new payroll tax targeting IPOs. He says the tech boom of the past decade has been good for San Francisco, but there are downsides.","We've seen growing traffic congestion and gridlock on our streets due to the huge influx of new workers here in our city. We've seen a growing housing crisis, housing affordability crisis, to the point where the median rent right now for a one-bedroom apartment is $3,500 a month.","Unbelievable.","Yeah. And then sort of related to this, our homelessness crisis - tens of thousands of our community members continue to live unsheltered on the streets due just to the growing economic divide here in our city."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"economic divide\" is a metaphorical expression used to refer to the growing gap between the wealthy and the poor in San Francisco. The term \"divide\" implies a separation or gap between two things, but in this context, it is not meant to be taken literally.","questions":"What is the meaning of \"economic divide\" in the context of San Francisco's growing issues?","answer":"Wealthy"}
{"text":["I can imagine someone being stunned for a moment by being struck by an object, especially at a high speed like that. But I don't understand that because if there was over a minute when the throttle was advanced farther than it should've been and - you know, things happen when you're an engineer. You should be used to them. So I - it doesn't really seem to me like that's a probable cause, but we'll have to wait and see.","I don't have to tell you, Mr.  Hughes, that the crash and the deaths of eight people have set off a debate - those who say the derailment says Amtrak needs more money, others who say Amtrak isn't - is wasting a lot of the money that it gets. Recognizing there are no guarantees, would greater government funding have perhaps meant this derailment wouldn't happen?","It might have. The thing that is important here is Amtrak doesn't have any discretionary money. Every penny they get goes into something that's really important, especially capital money like this. And so I would think that money played some part in it in that when Amtrak has to do large projects, they have to space them out in smaller parts over multiple years. And I don't know the facts in this case, but I do know that that is true with a number of large capital projects. You just can't do them quickly 'cause the funding isn't there.","When you were in charge, Mr.  Hughes, did you find it hard to get funding for Amtrak, a lot of skepticism and doubt?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of the turn is that the speaker is asking whether the derailment could have been prevented if Amtrak had received more government funding.","questions":"Which debate was triggered by the crash and deaths of eight people, and could have been prevented if Amtrak had received more government funding?","answer":"Amtrak"}
{"text":["Iran airstrike - canceled. Raids on immigrants here in the United States without authorization - canceled. President Trump has promised and then gone back on a number of signature actions this past week. And here to illuminate us, as she does almost every week, is NPR's national political correspondent Mara Liasson.","Good morning, Mara.","Good morning, Lulu.","All right, let's start with Iran. That is a very dangerous situation. Where does the president's policy stand after calling off the airstrikes?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She does not light them up but tells them what is going on with everything.","questions":"How does Mara Liasson contribute to the conversation?","answer":"illuminate"}
{"text":["Yes, the mother of Norway. Yeah, that was - she was scheduled to be at this camp basically from breakfast through dinner. And there was a photographer, a newspaper photographer named Sara Johannessen who had been sent to document this, to hang out with Gro for the day. Breivik had planned to kidnap her. Expecting her to be there all day, he had planned to kidnap her and videotape himself beheading her. Now - he says this now. Whether or not that's true, it's - who can really say. But Gro was supposed to be there.","The only reason she wasn't is it was a terribly, terribly rainy day. The island was muddy and sloppy, and she decided to leave early. And Sara, who had been shooting some landscapes - I mean, it's beautiful, beautiful country there - Sara almost missed it. She didn't know that Gro was leaving. And she had to sprint down the hill to catch the ferry, which turned out to be the last ferry off the island that day. And then Sara got back. When she left Utoya, she drove back to Oslo and was parking her car when the bomb went off a block away.","And she immediately went to work from a light feature on the former prime minister to documenting one of the worst incidents in Norwegian history.","Exactly. I mean, she just sprinted right towards - she sprinted towards the blast and just - yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"she just sprinted right towards the blast\" - the literal meaning is to run quickly towards an explosion. The actual meaning is that the photographer immediately went to work covering the aftermath of the explosion.","questions":"What did the photographer do after the explosion?","answer":"Work"}
{"text":["I'm doing great. Now, let's talk a little bit about Charlie Rangel. He's an icon. He's got this gravelly voice. This slicked back hair. Dapper dresser. And with his reputation as a deal maker he's held onto his seat for 19 terms. So, what are the most important parts of this multifaceted story?","Well there's a lot of issues that have been brought up related to the chairman. But the one that seems to the most teeth is really this issue of his taxes and specifically his ownership of a beach house in the Dominican Republic where he didn't report rental income for about two decades, and he owes taxes on that. And for most people that's a problem. If you are the chairman of the committee that writes the tax laws that's arguably a big problem.","So what is he risking if critics continue to push for him to leave this powerful committee post that he holds?","Well there are few positions in the House, certainly, that are more important than the one that he has and at this point the Democrats seem to be standing by him. Were he to lose that, though, you lose a great deal of influence over tax policy and one of the odd little inner workings of Washington is that a lot of what really affects economic policy right now goes on in tax policy as opposed to elsewhere."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : to hold something in this context means that the person has power ","questions":"What is the significance of Charlie Rangel's position in the House committee?","answer":"Influence."}
{"text":["That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid. As a kid, he was - he hung around all the time with African-American kids. Those were his playmates, even in Hyannis. He was - he, you know, Father Feeney - when Father Feeney said no salvation outside the Catholic Church, he railed against that, which was so extraordinary in that very Catholic family.","You know, Ralph Bunche - he insisted that that great African-American statesman get to speak to a integrated audience at UVA when he was in charge of the lecture series down there. There's all kinds of evidence of Bobby in the beginning being a liberal in the best sense of that word. And I think it just came more to life after Jack was gone and after the old man was out of action.","Will American voters these days - and donors and journalists, for that matter - let a public figure change in public the way Robert Kennedy did?","Well, I think the hardest thing for him - and to me, the sweetest part of the book - was his evolution on Joe McCarthy. There's no doubt that he loved the guy. It came through right to the end when he was driving in the car at National Airport. And Kathleen, his young daughter, said he was so stricken by the news that McCarthy had just drank himself to death at Bethesda Naval Hospital that he drove around the airport three times. He was just distraught."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) There's no doubt that he loved the guy.It came through right to the end when he was driving in the car at National Airport.And Kathleen, his young daughter, said he was so stricken by the news that McCarthy had just drank himself to death at Bethesda Naval Hospital that he drove around the airport three times.He was just distraught.","questions":"Which daughter of Robert Kennedy witnessed his emotional reaction to the news of Joe McCarthy's death?","answer":"Kathleen"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","He's just taking everything and ratcheting it up.","This song in particular has become a kind of proving ground for generations of musicians.","What about the listener experience, though?Does it have the same emotive quality that \"Kind Of Blue\" has?","I feel like there's emotion in \"Giant Steps. \"But it is certainly - you know, if you want to talk about \"Kind Of Blue\" as sort of relaxing-into-your-armchair-with-a-cocktail vibe. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The listener experience of 'Giant Steps' is different from that of 'Kind of Blue'.","questions":"How is the PersonB experience of \"Giant Steps\" different from \"Kind of Blue\"?","answer":"Emotion"}
{"text":["It's as lethal as Ebola. He's putting it in, putting - taking blood samples and putting them into little tubes that'll go back to a lab in the U. S.  with help from some very gutsy and proficient Bangladeshi collaborators. It's tough work, it's dramatic work, it's scary work, but they love it.","And you too. I mean, you know, some of - literally a paragraph began: Before I knew it, I was helping trap monkeys in a shrine in Bangladesh. And I think. . .","That was with another wonderful researcher named Lisa Jones-Engel and her physician husband, Gregory Engel. They were looking for viruses in monkeys, yes, in macaques, long-tailed macaques and other macaques that, in some parts of Southeast Asia, become habituated as temple monkeys.","And this was a temple in northeastern Bangladesh where I was helping them trap these monkeys so that, again, they could tranquilize them, take blood samples, looking for a virus called simian foamy virus. How's that for a name?That's one of my favorites. Simian foamy virus. And - which is a marker, which is, so far, as we know, a harmless virus when it passes into humans."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The work that he is doing is dangerous and scary. (Ebola implies deadly nature of the work)","questions":"How would you describe the nature of the work? (Answer: Scary)","answer":"Scary"}
{"text":["And then we figured out how to pull aluminum out of its oxides, and now we use it everywhere. And platinum group metals are no different. They're very useful in electronics, microprocessors, medical devices, you name it, catalytic converters, renewable energy. And I would love to see a day - whenever that may be - when the platinum group metals are 100 times cheaper than they are now.","I'm reminded of a \"Twilight Zone\" adventure where they learned how to make gold and it was worthless. That's another story, but take us through the steps for your plan stage. Where do we go from here, and what are the steps?","Well, it's a three-phase plan. First of all, we have a technology road map that we've developed that lists every bit and every piece of technology that we need in order to go and extract resources from asteroids. We have some of that technology today and others we need to develop. And so we're slowly but surely piecing together, pulling together all the different pieces of technology that we need to have. Number two, we're going to do asteroid prospecting. And so this means that, first, we're going to develop a series of Arkyd 100 spacecraft to go into low Earth orbit and study the nearest asteroids and make sure that we've found, you know, lots of the other interesting ones that are not yet found and look closer at the ones that we do know of.","And number three?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In (2), the speaker mentions a \"Twilight Zone\" adventure where they learned how to make gold and it was worthless. The literal meaning is that they learned how to make gold, but the implied meaning is that sometimes things that we think are valuable may not be worth much in reality. This is different from the literal meaning of the words spoken.","questions":"Which TV show is mentioned in the dialogue that relates to the idea that things we think are valuable may not be worth much in reality?","answer":"Twilight"}
{"text":["Mm hmm.","Interracial relationships, though, may still be controversial to some degree. How do you see the difference if you see one between interracial relationships today and the way they were when you were doing Society's Child?","You know, it's a huge difference from my viewpoint. There will always be those people who are just backward and ignorant. There will always be those people. They need somebody to feel superior to. For my point of view, I live in Nashville, Tennessee, there's no way I could have lived in Nashville at 16 in 1966, '67. There's no way that Nashville would have had room for somebody like me then. I see interracial couples all the time in Nashville. I'm a Jew in Nashville. I'm a gay person in Nashville. It's a non-issue in most of the time. That's a huge leap forward.","(Singing) You come to my door, baby, Your face is clean and shinning, black as night. My momma went to answer, You know, that you looked so kind. Now, I could understand the tears and the shame, She called you, boy, instead of your name, When she wouldn't let you inside, When she turned and said, \"But, honey, he's not our kind. \"She says I can't see you anymore, baby, I can't see you anymore."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : she says I can't see you anymore, baby, I can't see you anymore.","questions":"Which word describes the reason for the mother not letting the person inside?","answer":"Kind"}
{"text":["And let's not forget that that's the heritage that Marissa Mayer comes from; understanding how to make search at Google ever more personal, ever more relevant. If she can do the same thing with news and make it more relevant to you, so that it's not a one-size-fits-all product anymore, that could be a big advance in the form.","So, let's say in a year or two the president of the United States has what - I don't know if it's a tradition - but often he will have lunch with the major network actors. Does Katie Couric have lunch at that same table?","Well, there's two questions there. One, is whether that is the judgment of importance in news. I think that we have to get out of the access game. But I still understand your question, which is will Yahoo be a presence in news as much as the other networks?It might take a while, but there's no reason it couldn't be. You know, there's a great, great blog called SCOTUSblog that covers the Supreme Court like no one else and they are struggling right now to get a credential to the Supreme Court. They do great coverage, highly specialized. And we've got to get past this idea that only big, old institutions are journalistic institutions. We have to work collaboratively with all kinds of new players.","Jeff Jarvis, media analyst and professor of journalism joining us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The implied meaning of (4) is that Jeff Jarvis is not only a media analyst and professor of journalism, but also a commentator on the current news and media situation.","questions":"How is Jeff Jarvis described in turn 3?","answer":"commentator"}
{"text":["Some of my friends and family still are able to work. However, my best friend - her DACA expires in mid-summer. So it's very important for me and for us as a community for legislation to pass.","Ciriac, I'm curious - do you regret having come forward and actually voluntarily given your information to the government when they started this program?","No, I think personally because I've been able to move forward with my life from going to college, graduating college, doing internships and now having a full-time job and having a car. I can't really regret having come out of the shadows and saying I want to do things right. This is who I am. I think it's given me a certain level of pride to say I was able to come out of the shadows, do all of these things. And I am, you know, part of your community. I am American. I am and always a Utahn. And so I can't regret coming out of the shadows if I was able to do so much and continue to move forward with my life.","Ciriac Alvarez Valle - she's a DACA recipient in Utah."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Coming out of the shadows and revealing her status as a DACA recipient has allowed the speaker to pursue her dreams and be proud of her identity.","questions":"How has revealing her status impacted the PersonA's life?","answer":"proud"}
{"text":["Hi, Ira, how are you?","Hi there. So Curiosity took its first little wheels, it rocked, and it rolled today, or this week, rolling around.","It did. Yeah, it did. A couple days ago we drove backwards and forwards both, just to test out that the wheels, the motors would work and that the wheels were all in good shape. And so it was our first tracks on Mars, so to speak.","And what was the purpose of its first laser beam?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"rocked and rolled\" implies that the Curiosity rover, which is a robotic vehicle sent to Mars by NASA was able to navigate uneven terrain.","questions":"Which vehicle is \"rocked and rolled\" referring to?","answer":"curiosity"}
{"text":["This is Day to Day from NPR News. I'm Alex Cohen. One of the world's most celebrated playwrights, Harold Pinter, has died. Pinter was a mainstay on the London theater scene since the 1950s. His works include \"The Birthday Party,\" \"The Homecoming,\" \"The Celebration,\" just to name a few. Harold Pinter won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2005. Here he is accepting that award.","There are no hard distinctions between what is real and what is unreal, nor between what is true and what is false. I think it's not necessarily either true or false. It can be both true and false.","The obscurity of those words is Pinter in a nutshell. His plays were light on plot, often taking place in a single room. Pinter offered no easy explanations for why characters acted the way they did. His dialogue was known mostly for. . .  pregnant pauses. In fact, the word people have come to use to describe that sort of tension in silence is Pinteresque. Here's Pinter in an interview with Charlie Rose, joking about the way some people reacted to his work.","When I went to see a production of my play, \"No Man's Land. \"I went into the bar in the interval. And a man and a woman - I couldn't escape, you know. They stand - stood in dead silence for a while. And then the man said, Oh, well, not as boring as the usual Pinteresque."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In a nutshell is a small space, so implies that these words describe Pinter in a short manner.","questions":"Which word describes Pinter in a short manner?","answer":"Short"}
{"text":["As for the money that AIG does borrow from the government, the interest rate will be lower. The interest rate the government charged before was very high, and the reason it did this was political. The government knew that taxpayers wouldn't like lending AIG money. So, they wanted to take - make some of the terms of the loan pretty harsh so no one could come back and say, you know, this was some kind of sweetheart deal. Well, now the rate is going to be much more manageable. The company will have more time to pay it off.","Now, in exchange for this, AIG will have to agree to restrictions on financial compensation for five top executives. AIG, as you may remember, got into a lot of trouble because it sent some agents on expensive treatments to spas in California right after receiving the bailout. So, this compensation is kind of a sensitive issue for the company.","And what about taxpayers?Can we expect to get any of that money back from AIG at some point?","Well, as I said, you know, the government is going to be buying $40 billion in AIG stock. The money will come from the big, $700 billion bailout plan that Congress approved in September. You know, some of that, taxpayers presumably will get back if stock goes up. You know, but nobody really knows."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The government purposely made the loan terms harsh for AIG to avoid accusations of a sweetheart deal.","questions":"How did the government design the loan terms for AIG?","answer":"harshly"}
{"text":["Hello, Ira, nice to talk to you.","Why do they call you the Indiana Jones of. . .","Well because I've gone out around the world, you know, doing different archaeological investigations, which have turned up some pretty unusual fermented beverages (unintelligible).","Like what?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : this entire line is more joking, unusual fermented beverages just means they went around the world and found different alcoholic beverages depending on the country and culture. ","questions":"What is the reason behind PersonA's nickname?","answer":"Indiana"}
{"text":["Germany - you want to look out for Germany. They've won two World Cups, too. But the Germans are having some issues. The reigning FIFA world player of the year, Nadine Kessler, she's out after knee surgery. One of their star midfielders broke her leg. Of course, we can't forget about Japan. Japan are ranked fourth, but they're the reigning World Cup champions. A talented young player to keep an eye on is 20-year-old Asisat Oshoala from Nigeria. She just won the BBC's female footballer of the year award. Not so young as the Brazilian team, but the team. . .","But Marta - they've got Marta.","Exactly, they got Marta. She's the best player in the world - FIFA's footballer of the year five times. She's so good she doesn't need a last name, Scott. She's just Marta.","She could balance of Volkswagen on her foot. She's that good."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"she doesn't need a last name\" - This turn is a metaphorical expression that implies that Marta's reputation and talent are so significant that she is recognizable by just her first name. This statement is not meant to be taken literally.","questions":"What is the significance of Marta's first name?","answer":"Significant"}
{"text":["Well, you summarized it beautifully at the beginning. Dan Peterson is an amateur astronomer, and really he was just, sort of, bent over his telescope looking through the eyepiece when he saw this brilliant flash of light in the cloud top of Jupiter.","And he immediately went onto the Internet and told a forum of amateurs what he had seen. Now, you know, 10 or 20 years ago, if he had made that report, people would have told him oh, you're crazy, you're seeing things. But in this case, another amateur astronomer, George Hall in Texas, happened to be video recording Jupiter at the same time.","He wasn't actually watching the planet with his own eyes, but he was making a video recording. And when he went and looked back at his footage, he found sure enough, there was a flash of light just when Dan Peterson said that he saw it. And most likely what happened was that an asteroid hit Jupiter - and not a huge asteroid, probably an asteroid about 10 meters or 30 feet in diameter - and it would have exploded at about the - with an energy equal to about 10 times our early atomic bomb.","Wow, what is an asteroid doing near Jupiter?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In the past, people would not believe amateur astronomers, but now there is more trust in their reports.","questions":"What is the change in attitude towards amateur astronomers' reports?","answer":"Trust"}
{"text":["I don't think they picked Deming necessarily. You know, we just happen to be a big border patrol station as well as our neighboring county. They're dropping off here as well - the Hidalgo County drops here as well.","How are these people - the asylum-seekers being housed in an airport hangar - how are they handling things?","You'd be surprised. I think they're - you know, they're a little - you know, I guess they're a little worried when they first show up. But then, I think, it's actually better than most places they've been, and that's what they tell us. So they have more room and more freedom than most places they've been, so they're actually really happy.","And how is the community of Deming handling this influx of new people?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The reason for choosing Deming is not necessarily related to its location or qualities.","questions":"Which quality of Deming was not necessarily the reason for its selection?","answer":"Qualities"}
{"text":["Yeah. The deficit - you can think about that - that's just a gap between what the government spends and what it takes in. So if you outspend your paychecks a month, you might put the difference on your credit card. The government does the same. That's the deficit. The debt is like the accumulated credit card balance, the sum of all the deficits you've run in the previous months or years.","So the bigger that balance on the government's credit card, the more the government has to pay in interest costs. And that means it's got less money available to spend on everything else we want the government to do. What's more, if the government's borrowing a whole lot of money, that potentially means there's less money available for individuals and businesses that want to borrow. And that can have the effect of curbing economic growth. Economists call that the crowding out effect.","This was a huge issue for Republicans, and they seem now to have backed off of that.","Yeah. Some of the Republicans who used to sound the alarm about rising deficits during the Obama administration seem less concerned about that now. I'm not sure if that's because they've gotten some new economic theory. It may have more to do just with who's in charge. During the recession, we saw dire warnings about debt-to-GDP ratios. Those turned out not to be true. A better question might be, you know, what are we running up the debt for?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The deficit and debt are similar to a person overspending and accumulating credit card debt.","questions":"How does the government's borrowing potentially affect economic growth?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["So you had to come prepared to tell a good yarn, tell a good story or something.","Yeah, well, a good science is a good story. We're all storytellers, you know, all of us, from the novelist to the artist trying to say something new and take us in a new direction on canvas to scientists who have discovered something. And when they discover something, they want to tell a story. They want to fill out and explain to others why, where it came from, what's happening, what kind of a process is going on and where is it going to lead?","And you talk about it - and there is a chapter that I think it's entitled \"I Never Change. \"And you are - does that mean you stay true to yourself, or you wear the badge of being a free thinker?","I - well actually I became, like so many kids, fascinated by insects when I was about nine years old. And, you know, it's a saying, every kid has a bug period. I never grew out of mine, and thank heavens I didn't. I usually spent a lot of time alone. We traveled a lot; I was an only child."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : You are a free thinker and that is very obvious to everyone you meet.","questions":"What chapter does PersonB mention in turn 2 of the dialogue?","answer":"Never-Change."}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION, from NPR News. I'm Linda Wertheimer.","Wisconsin Congressman Paul Ryan is Mitt Romney's choice to be the next vice president. Mitt Romney's campaign made the announcement earlier this morning, calling the ticket America's Comeback Team. Romney and Ryan are expected to appear together, for the first time as a ticket, at an event in Virginia later this morning. And we will be broadcasting that event when it happens.","But for more on the choice, we're joined by NPR's Ari Shapiro, who is with the Romney campaign. Good morning, Ari.","Hi, Linda. We're just in line waiting to get into the motorcade to head to this event here in Norfolk.","Now, these scenes - set the scene for us. As is going to be quite a, I guess, a made-for-TV kind of an announcement.","Totally. It's going to be aboard a ship called the USS Wisconsin - perhaps a coincidence that Paul Ryan represents the State of Wisconsin in the House of Representatives. As you say, the comeback team, the two of them are going to appear for the first time as the ticket together, having campaigned quite a lot earlier together in the process, especially in the Wisconsin primaries, where they just had a great rapport - better, in many people's opinion, than any of the other surrogates."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : The literal meaning of this turn is that the listener is being asked to visualize the scene of the Romney-Ryan announcement. However, the actual meaning is that the event is being presented as a carefully planned media spectacle designed to generate excitement and favorable media coverage.","questions":"What is the ship called where the Romney-Ryan announcement will take place?","answer":"USS"}
{"text":["Oh, she did, and in such an interesting time. In the '70s, even before Betty Ford had famously stepped forward and talked about her struggles, Joan was convening people who were early thinkers in how to treat people differently. You know, AA had been around, of course, for decades. But there was a movement in the '70s to get people to look at the whole person with alcoholism. And Joan was really passionate about getting the word out.","Yeah. With Ray's death, Joan Kroc became one of the principal philanthropists in America. And she really took that responsibility seriously, didn't she?","She lived large, and she gave large. She felt this almost-burden with the money that she had. And saying she hit the lotto isn't really fair. But - she had this money at her disposal, and she felt obligated to use it in a constructive way. But that's not to say she was ascetic or like a monk. She lived very, very lavishly as well.","Yeah, she'd drip with jewels. She went to nice places. She. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Joan felt a sense of responsibility with the money she had and was determined to use it for good causes. She was not averse to living lavishly.","questions":"What did Joan feel with the money she had?","answer":"Responsibility"}
{"text":["The show was political. I mean, it didn't shy away from really difficult issues, took sharp aim at President Trump on several occasions. Did that play into Netflix's decision to cancel it, do we have any idea?","I don't get any sense that Netflix canceled it over the political content. If anything, the political content is one of the reasons why they treated this cancellation a bit differently and a bit more gently than they ordinarily do - because there were not a lot of shows out there about a Latin American family with a predominantly Latinx cast dealing with these issues about immigration, LGBTQ issues. You know, every episode has some kind of hot-button subject. You know, one of the characters is a recovering alcoholic. Another has PTSD from serving in the military. So it touched on a lot of things.","And that was one of the things the audience loved about it. I don't think, based on a lot of the other content Netflix has, that that would have been a reason to get rid of it. I think it was purely a financial decision or, you know, whatever the finances actually were.","And the show can't just get plucked up by someone else."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Implicated meaning: The political content of the show may have played a role in its cancellation by Netflix.","questions":"What was one of the reasons why Netflix treated the cancellation of the show differently?","answer":"Political"}
{"text":["You know, it would seem intuitively impossible in this environment that the actors would want to go on strike at this point. Just factoring out for a second the economy, there was a devastating writers' strike, and people were just really tired of that by the time it was over. Now, meanwhile, people are watching their savings disappear, it's terrifying out there, and I can't imagine that people would want to go on strike, but you have to bear in mind that a great many members in the Screen Actors Guild don't really work and can vote. So, that might have an effect on the outcome.","You mention the writers' strike that went on for several months. Many folks in the entertainment industry are still recovering from that. So, what would happen if all of a sudden there were SAG strike as well?","Studios can hold out. They're in bad shape. I mean, they're going to be hurt by this environment economically. But that doesn't mean they can't survive for quite a long time with a strike underway. And that means that people would - I mean, it would just be so devastating; people would lose their jobs. And that wouldn't just be the actors; it would be people who support productions. The actors, unlike the writers, they can close down a movie very quickly. So, it would be an immediate and potentially a long-term and the devastating impact not only for the economy here, but for the Screen Actors Guild if it turned out to backfire.","So, Kim, what happens from here?What's the next steps?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"factoring out for a second\" - This phrase is an idiomatic expression meaning to temporarily set aside a particular factor or consideration.","questions":"How would you describe the purpose of the phrase \"factoring out for a second\"?","answer":"Temporarily"}
{"text":["Well, we've got quite a few people that have moved in with other family members. Some houses that have only been destroyed partially - some are completely to the ground. We've still got some living in hotels. We've got some that are living in tents and vehicles. We found out yesterday from our school district that quite a few schoolkids are homeless. You know, 67 percent of the property here has been damaged in some way - or more.","So people have got stress trying to do a normal life during the day and have a normal job and then end up having to deal with the insurance companies and dealing with your mortgage companies and dealing with the assistance programs that you're trying to get help from that just takes repetitive, repetitive visits with to get things done. And it's not their fault. It's just the bureaucracy that's involved in everything doing nowadays.","Yeah. So they have to make repeated visits and work for a living all at the same time.","Yes, sir. It takes a mental strain on you. In my case, we sleep on a mattress in the back part of my living room 'cause the other half of my house doesn't have electricity and has got - you know, leaks like a sieve. And that's not a normal life."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) implies that the speaker is facing a difficult living situation.","questions":"Which situation is the speaker facing?","answer":"Living"}
{"text":["Oh, no. There was a rally last week, but it was a - that was a buffoon bus. And it was a - it was a freak show, to be honest with you. I mean, it really was bizarre. I mean, it was a bunch of people from out of town in a bus, you know, yelling and screaming. I mean, it really was not much of anything, but. . .","I just want to interject. They may not share that characterization, but go ahead please, sir.","Yeah, I'm sure they don't, but it's accurate (laughter). But I really had no serious challenge from the left or the right. My re-election prospects looked quite good, actually. Most of my colleagues have multiple opponents. You know, I had just one who announced in the right, and I had one who announced from the left, but neither of whom are particularly viable.","Why leave when, arguably, your voice - it's more important than ever that you be heard?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) - This turn implies that the speaker does not agree with the characterization of the rally and is interjecting to remind the other speaker that the participants in the rally may not share the same opinion. ","questions":"How did the participants of the rally feel about the characterization mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","So. . .","So I take it you don't like it.","I think it's kind of a joke. I think it has nothing to do with Wall Street.","Well, bullish markets - that sort of thing - yeah?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : You don't like the topic and think it is a joke, not related to Wall Street.","questions":"How does PersonA feel about the topic?","answer":"Joke"}
{"text":["I did a little research. Paul Cluxton is now running a car dealership.","Is that right?","Yeah. So what do you see in your future?","It's hard to tell right now. I'm just trying to get a good education and see where that takes me.","Want to play basketball in the pros?","Yeah, that's definitely a dream of mine. To play overseas somewhere would be pretty awesome. And so I'm always going to work towards that. But for right now, I'm just not really sure what I'm going to do after college. But just trying to live each day and then try to get better in every aspect."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : running implies a business and not to chase or purse like in a race","questions":"What does \"running\" imply in turn 0?","answer":"Business"}
{"text":["And you'll vote again, yes, today.","I will, although I'm pretty peeved at the Senate for putting in the baloney tax extension. I mean, I can't believe that the Senate did that. I mean, how disgusting. But we're over a barrel, we've got to hold our nose. You know, we can't let the state of California go belly up financially.","There is a real risk though, congresswoman, that even if the House passes this it goes through, the president signs it - that it won't help, that it won't unfreeze the credit markets.","We're still going to have a problem. I mean, there is no question that there is already layoff. There's going to be an economic decline. There's going to be a recession. The question is how deep and, you know, is this going to be a catastrophe or is just going to be bad. This is not the last thing we're going to have to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The economic situation will get worse, and it's uncertain how bad it will be.","questions":"Which situation is uncertain?","answer":"Situation"}
{"text":["Does the seriousness of this cast a shadow on the White House?Are they concerned about what, for instance, is going to be coming out today?","I think it casts a huge shadow over the White House. I think it's very serious. I want Congress to conduct full oversight on it. And I think we need to look at it. I think Congress and I think Republicans and Democrats have a duty, no matter who's in the White House, to ask tough questions, and the president can push back when they think they overreach.","Finally, with the president calling this a hoax and a scam, do you think that is wise?","Well, I - you know, I'm not going to comment on every description the president. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They want to know if the seriousness of the situation makes the government appear to be bad to the public.","questions":"How does the government appear to the public?","answer":"Bad"}
{"text":["And we start today's program with an Easter Sunday tragedy in Sri Lanka. Coordinated bombings this morning killed more than 200 people and wounded hundreds more. The explosions happened in churches and in hotels popular with tourists. NPR's Lauren Frayer has been monitoring the situation from Mumbai, India, and she joins us now on the line.","Hi, Lauren.","Hi, Sacha.","Could you tell us what more you know since this morning about these bombings?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"start today's program\" - This turn literally means the beginning of the program, but it implies the start of discussing a tragic event rather than a typical program.","questions":"How did the program start?","answer":"Start"}
{"text":["Quite a bit. They know nothing is going to happen unless Washington can help some way. That's why they want to hear the president come here and talk about people like them. And I guess I want to make it clear that nobody really wants a handout here. That's not what this is about. Nobody wants the president to come in and somehow bail out Elkhart. What we want is a chance to get back to work.","So, what is the big industry there?I've read that RVs are a big industry.","This place is commonly referred to as the RV capital of the world and, they build RVs; they build trailers; they build auto parts here. Basically, this is a place that makes stuff, and we can make virtually anything. And if this economy does shift to a green economy, if we start developing green energy sources, we can make the parts necessary to make that happen.","So, if you have a 60,000 population there and 16,000 people are out of work, that's nearly a third.","Mm-hmm. The county is bigger than 60,000, of course, and the county is. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : People want to work hard for things. ","questions":"Which word describes the type of work that people want in the statement?","answer":"Hard"}
{"text":["Of course.","Why if the students two were traveling in five buses - why the target was just two?And also, these two buses were exactly the two buses that the army and the Federal Police - start to monitor it since three hours before. I mean, these two buses were the two buses where the students were traveling from the school to Iguala. Why?So what I was able to found is that in these two buses were inside in secret parts of the bus. . .","The secret compartment.",". . . Yes - heroin - 2 millions of heroin. They. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They had something on the bus that the authorities were interested in.","questions":"How were the authorities interested?","answer":"secret"}
{"text":["The fighting between Israel and the Palestinians reminds us that world events do not wait for changes of leadership in Washington. President-elect Barack Obama will not take office for another three weeks, which means he'll watch from the sidelines as the current administration responds to a crisis that Obama will inherit very soon. For some analysis of this moment, we're joined now by NPR's senior Washington editor Ron Elving, who's with us most Mondays. Hi Ron.","Good to be with you, Madeleine.","Well, so how much is President-elect Obama being consulted on the U. S.  response at this point?","Not so much consulted as kept informed. He gets regular security briefings, of course. He had one on Sunday. He has had conversations with Secretary of State Rice, and he is expected to talk today to his own incoming national security adviser, General James Jones, and also to Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton, who is his own nominee, of course, for Secretary of State. She's certainly sharing in a lot of the information. She's a senator; she's on Armed Services; she's been immersed in much of this for many years; she's had top clearances; and I'm sure the Obama folks are sharing with her.","And how much does his stated policy regarding the Middle East - how much does it differ from the Bush administration's?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Obama is not yet in power but is being kept informed of the situation","questions":"What is Obama's current position in the government's response to the crisis?","answer":"Sidelines"}
{"text":["Well, they do do some of it. Delta in the most recent quarter had about 300 million dollars in gains from fuel hedges, but the biggest problem is other airlines just don't have the cash or the credit to put into this. Southwest has the luxury of very strong financial balance sheet so they can put their money to work years ahead of time. Other airlines, you know, if you're cutting costs, if you're fighting for survival, if your cash is tight, your employees are getting laid off, you know, it's hard to say hey, we're going to buy some fuel for 2012.","And Delta was in bankruptcy proceedings, it had to unload everything it could to deal with its debt.","That's right, very costly. Delta actually had good fuel hedges leading into the 2004 bankruptcy. They had to sell those to raise some cash in the bankruptcy, but selling early meant they lost out on a whole lot of profits that they could have had later on.","Scott, you're a travel writer but you do write for the Wall Street Journal, so maybe you can answer this question for me. On the day that Southwest reported things going very well, its stock actually fell by a dollar to just under 15 dollars a share. Now, how does that work?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The other airlines may not have the resources to purchase fuel for the future, suggesting a lack of financial stability.","questions":"How did Delta's fuel hedges affect their profits during bankruptcy?","answer":"Lost"}
{"text":["Good to be here, Scott.","So why didn't you just tell your daughter Ronnie let's train for a chili cook-off instead?","I tried. I tried, and she was insistent. She was in her first year at the great Georgia Tech studying aerospace engineering. She wants to be an astronaut. And she said, look, I've got to be fit. We have to do it. And I thought - past the age of 50, I just thought it was beyond me. I'd done it when I was young, but I didn't think I could anymore.","You are running six marathons in nine days, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"So why didn't you just tell your daughter Ronnie let's train for a chili cook-off instead?\" - The literal meaning of this turn is a question about why the person didn't suggest training for a chili cook-off instead of something else. However, the actual meaning is sarcastic and implies that the person is doing something very difficult or challenging.","questions":"What is the implied meaning of PersonB's turn in the dialogue?","answer":"sarcastic"}
{"text":["Both the trains slowed. I was standing there with my bag over my shoulder, ready to jump. It was windy. It was cold. It was kind of getting dark. And so they finally lined up the cars correctly, and I was told to run across the loose rocks and jump on to the other train.","The conductor on the other train pulled me on to that car. Once I was onboard, another conductor came through the car, and she said to me, don't get up when we get to Milwaukee. What I heard from her was don't get up, or I will kill you. I did not move the rest of the trip.","So I get to Saint Paul. I'm looking for my brother. He's late. So he gets there, and I ask him, why were you late?And he says, well, I checked the train schedule, and it said it was running behind. Oh, that was because of me.","A travel nightmare with a happy ending from Anne Fleury in Milwaukee. Send us your stories, please. Go to weekendeditionsaturday@npr. org. Click on contact. Put Travel Nightmare at the top of your message."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The actual meaning of the turn is different from its literal meaning. The statement \"don't get up when we get to Milwaukee\" is meant as a warning not to get off the train at Milwaukee, rather than a threat to kill the speaker if they move.","questions":"How was the statement \"don't get up when we get to Milwaukee\" meant?","answer":"Warning"}
{"text":["I want to ask you about a few sounds, and if you could begin by re-creating them. The first is -and I'm going to sign on to your language here - the breathy-voiced, long, low, back, unrounded vowel with advanced tongue root.","Aghhhh!","(Laughter)","I can't even do it without rolling my eyes. They automatically go right up to the roof."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (2) is expressing disbelief and exasperation, (3) is expressing amusement, and (4) is expressing exasperation and helplessness.","questions":"How is PersonA feeling while trying to re-create the sound?","answer":"Eye-rolling"}
{"text":["He and his commission had better get it organized. Otherwise, the fury Nigerians are feeling today could spill into much worse. So they say the presidential vote and, of course, it wasn't just voting for president - also for governors, also for national assembly, also for the state assembly.","So we'll have the presidential next Saturday in another vote. But some other votes have been postponed till 9 of March. That's after the original second-round vote date of the 2 of March. So the electoral commission has got to get itself sorted out.","NPR's Ofeibea Quist-Arcton, thanks so much.","Always a pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The electoral commission needs to fix itself before the postponed votes.","questions":"Which votes were postponed till 9 of March?","answer":"Postponed"}
{"text":["High bar, yeah. So the federal indictment is supposed to be unsealed today. What are you going to be looking for as someone who's been following this case against R.  Kelly for a long time?","Well, I'll be looking for a couple of things - one, looking to see if there are new alleged victims in here. You know, the case that's in state court, there are four alleged victims in there. Many of them were already known. They had either already come forward or - yeah, have already come forward and told their stories of alleged abuse at the hands of R.  Kelly.","I'll also be looking to see when the alleged crimes happened. You know, all of the alleged crimes in state court happened 10 years ago or more. Those kinds of cases are really hard to prove, you know, when they're that old. I'll be interested to see if any of these happened more recently, if there are any allegations that he's done anything in the last decade.","WBEZ reporter Patrick Smith in Chicago for us this morning. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There might be more alleged victims in the federal indictment","questions":"What will the speaker be looking for in the federal indictment besides alleged victims?","answer":"crimes"}
{"text":["And also they X-rayed them and they put it contrast eyes. And they found this sort of anatomical differences that would allow owls to do this.","One thing that struck you about the video that they sent as well as it struck me.","I think struck you. I'm not sure.","Was that right at the beginning of the video, you watch the video and one of the scientists is there and he's got an owl on his arm. And they're absolutely - they look alike. And now you say people look like their pets. He looks \u2014 he's standing still. Both their eyes are facing forward and it looks like - just like his owl."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implication is that the person realised something about the video - it did not literally hit them. ","questions":"What is the actual meaning of \"struck\" used in the dialogue?","answer":"Surprised"}
{"text":["That's right. She's protesting and enlisting the support of past Republican nominees and other leaders on her behalf. But the threshold was finishing top three in Iowa or pulling in the top six in New Hampshire or top six nationally. And she fell short in all those metrics.","What do you foresee tonight?","In a sense, there are still two tiers. You've got Donald Trump and Ted Cruz at the top. And then the three remaining governors, Jeb Bush, Chris Christie and John Kasich, all chasing the fastest-rising star of the field, Marco Rubio. Now, Ben Carson will be there - maybe something of an afterthought, although it will be interesting to see if he calls out Ted Cruz for Cruz's campaign telling people that Carson was dropping out on Monday just before the caucuses began. There's been a bit of a controversy over that. And Trump has said that it taints Cruz's victory there.","The downside to getting more attention, like Marco Rubio, is more criticism. And he seems to get more direct criticism from his opponents as he rises in the polls."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) B: The downside to getting more attention, like Marco Rubio, is more criticism. And he seems to get more direct criticism from his opponents as he rises in the polls.  The actual meaning here is that as a politician becomes more popular, they also become more of a target for criticism from their opponents. The literal meaning, however, is simply that as one gets more attention, they also get more criticism.","questions":"What is the downside to getting more attention, according to B?","answer":"More"}
{"text":["No. But what about the misinformation campaign that we keep discovering more about, hacking, what seems to be just a lot of Russian involvement on a lot of different fronts?Why - what is the Russian interest in causing unrest or consternation in the United States or Western Europe?","Well, actually, I think that causing unrest and consternation is an end in itself. And part of it - part of the goa; is psychological. You know, all of us are interested in seeing our worldviews affirmed. And Russia's worldview - the Russian - the contemporary Russian ideology is that the whole world is rotten. Everybody is corrupt. Everything is for sale. Elections and the United States are just as rigged as they are in Russia. And so sowing the kind of disruption that Russia is sowing first and foremost pursues the goal of affirming that view.","Much of your book is devoted to the stories of four Russians who'd hoped that when the Soviet Union came undone, free speech and democracy would take hold. What happened instead?","Well, actually, those four Russians were much too young to hope for anything when the Soviet Union collapsed. They were preschoolers or kindergarteners when the Soviet Union collapsed. But what happened - and I was interested in them because they came of age - you know, they - or they became human beings in the 1990s, a period that is variously portrayed as a flowering of democracy or as a period of chaos and, you know, robber barons and that sort of thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  (2) the implied meaning of \"sowing disruption\" is that Russia is attempting to spread confusion and uncertainty","questions":"How does Russia's worldview affirm their goal of causing unrest and consternation?","answer":"Affirming"}
{"text":["What are we looking at in terms of how quickly they can start working again?","It will depend on the crop. For example, the coffee growers - the arabica bean coffee was being harvested right now. So they're working hard to collect from the ground whatever's left so they can sell it in the market. So we're giving them working capital to be able to pay their payroll, and then we'll start planning for next year's harvesting because it's a one-year crop. On the other end, some of the papaya plantations - growers, they also have bananas and plantains. They have younger trees. So if they cut down the banana trees, in eight, nine months they'll be able to get on their feet.","What does this mean for Puerto Ricans and their access to food?","It means (laughter) that we need to rethink our whole food distribution and supply chain. We're highly dependent in imports. We import 85 percent of our food. And this actually gives us an opportunity to rethink that business model and say, hey, we need to produce more here. We need to have fresh produce, etc. , so that we can have enough supplies inland in case this happens again."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Puerto Rico needs to become less dependent on food imports","questions":"Which aspect of Puerto Rico's infrastructure does the speaker suggest needs to be reconsidered?","answer":"Foodsupplychain"}
{"text":["We're hoping that this research kind of paves the way to looking at novel high-speed adhesives. So how do you grab things - difficult things - very, very quickly?And so, like, if you were to grab something that's dusty, like a brick, or furry, duct tape's not going to be able to stick to either of those things. You know, you're going to have to use something like claws or grabbing mechanisms. But we think that with this new type of thick, viscous fluid coating a very soft substrate, that it will be able to grab oddly textured things very quickly. So in my mind, I'm dreaming of a - like, a frog tongue attached to a drone, and the drone can fly around and pick up packages really quickly and fly away.","Do you mind me asking - after a day in the lab - I'm just guessing- do you just want to go home and fast?I mean, it must be difficult to eat anything.","(Laughter) There are times that - especially in the beginning - where I had the smell of frog in my nose for at least an hour, and I couldn't eat anything. But by the end of the study, I'd been - you know, I was eating frog legs every week - part of the study.","Oh, no. Seriously?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker has become used to working with frogs and can even enjoy eating frog legs as part of the study.","questions":"Which amphibious creature has the speaker had experience working with?","answer":"Frog"}
{"text":["Yeah,. It's really amazing, yeah. It turns out he was, you know, an avid, you know, layperson but had great interest in butterflies and how they evolve and so on. And he suggested that butterflies moved in certain ways from between Asia and Europe and so on. And just about a couple of years ago scientists discovered that, you know, what he suggested is actually correct.","And how did he come up with that idea?I mean, was it based on fact?","He was really following - yeah, yeah. He was following, you know, the butterflies and, you know, and where - what kinds of species you find where and so on. He was really very interested and very knowledgeable in butterflies.","Mm-hmm. OK.  Let's move on to another famous guy: Lord Kelvin. Tell us who Lord Kelvin was and what his big blunder was."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The person being discussed was not an expert on butterflies but had great interest in them","questions":"How did the person come up with the suggestion about butterfly movement?","answer":"Observation"}
{"text":["Absolutely, and we just can't have that. . .","I will just tell you that now. . .","That'd be a security issue. Boy, talking about being slam-dunked after he dunked on the president.","Please don't do that."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Slam-dunked and dunked are basketball terms that aren't literal. Here, they mean making an effective attack on someone in the political arena.","questions":"How were the terms \"slam-dunked\" and \"dunked\" used in the dialogue?","answer":"attack"}
{"text":["So, I ended up spending the night at the Juvenile Detention Center. And then, the next day, they went to arraign me, which - you are not supposed to get arraigned in the juvenile detention, when you are on that system. It is a whole different procedure. And I was like, what is going on?And they were like, we are going to, we are going to put you over. We are going to charge you as an adult, because of the severity of the crime. And I was like, whoa, you know?So, it was definitely an eye opener.","How it was different in adult prison than juvenile detention?","Oh, it was, it was harsh. I mean, you are in there with grown men, I was only 17, maybe a 160 pounds, you know?It is just was a - it was quite the dramatic change, you know, from the Juvenile Detention Center. I mean, it was whole another world.","And then, when you got out of prison, you were the victim of violence. What happened then?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : 160 pounds implies the body weight and not referring to money or 160 British pounds ","questions":"What was PersonA's weight when they were in adult prison?","answer":"160"}
{"text":["Yes, of course. Ja.","Does it work?Have you taken it for a spin?","We intentionally avoided to drive the car. But what is really interesting, after 162 years, we conducted this - we call it octagon engine because of the shape of the exterior of the engine. And we connected it to a battery supply and the engine is still working today.","So you've started it up."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The actual meaning of these turns is that A and B are inquiring whether the car has been used and tested, not just looked at.","questions":"Which turn clarifies that PersonA and PersonB are discussing whether the car has been used and tested, not just looked at?","answer":"Turn3"}
{"text":["Can you help us chart out who has said what about whom?","Let me tell you what my friend Nell Minow said. She's a well-known critic of boards and observer of boards, and she said about the HP board: Is there something in the water, in which ostensibly smart people, time after time after time stub their toe?This time around, the CEO, Leo Apotheker, had bought this company, Autonomy, for $11 billion. Leo's been fired and they've written down eight billion of that $11 billion, partly in acknowledgment that the company was never worth what they originally said and partly because they're claiming accounting fraud, although the former CEO of Autonomy is vociferously saying it's not true. It's really unbelievable.","And this isn't the first time the lid's been lifting on HP.","No, it hasn't. You remember the pretexting scandal, where they were trying to track down leaks, the board was trying to track down who was leaking, and they pretexted phone companies to get phone records of reporters?You remember the big fight over Compaq computer where the children of the founders of HP, you know, opposed the deal and eventually had to leave the board?You remember the sex scandal involving Mark Hurd, two CEOs ago?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: Nell Minow believes the board of HP is incompetent for repeatedly making bad decisions, such as the purchase of Autonomy for $11 billion which has been written down to $8 billion.","questions":"What did Nell Minow say about the HP board's decision to buy Autonomy?","answer":"unbelievable"}
{"text":["And taking off on those trade negotiations, this week's economic news was mixed. Economists, as they usually are, are divided about what might be ahead. But it's fair to say that they threw up some cautionary signals, didn't they?","You know, Saturday morning is probably not the best time to talk inverted yield curves, Scott. But. . .","That's why we're here, Ron.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The economists spoke up and said that people should take caution in their finances.","questions":"How did the economists respond to the economic news?","answer":"Spoke."}
{"text":["Well, the - there in every single state, and the data changes state by state, but in every single state, there is a huge disproportionality between the number of particularly African-Americans, but also Latino youths, who wind up in high-level facilities, as opposed to Caucasians youth who wind up in high-level facilities.","And by high level you mean the higher security, more. . .","I mean, higher - yes, more intensive, more secure facilities. Ironically, or maybe not so ironically, when you look at high - facilities that have a high-level of treatment, you'll see disproportionally white youth in the high-level of treatment facilities. But from the very first day, when we start with arrests, which I'm sure you're very familiar with, but moving on through the system, there is continuous and increased disproportionality.","That doesn't even deal with the real disproportionality in the system, between families that have assets, and the families that have fewer assets. So, youth in the juvenile justice system are primarily African-Americans and Latinos that are almost entirely low-income youth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is a racial disparity in the number of African-American and Latino youths in high-level juvenile facilities compared to Caucasian youths.","questions":"How do African-American and Latino youths compare to Caucasian youths in high-level juvenile facilities?","answer":"Disproportionality"}
{"text":["Several of them. I mean, Espanola had only 14 individuals left in the 1960s, and then it was 12 females and two males. A third male was found in the San Diego Zoo and brought back to Galapagos (unintelligible) 1975. And there have now been about 2,000 young tortoises released back to that island through the reproduction program at the tortoise center here on Santa Cruz.","The same holds true for several of the other populations. I would say many of the populations are out of danger. But we're still, given the exploitation from the 1800s, the total tortoise population of Galapagos is still about 10 to 20 percent of the original population. So we have a long way to go to bring them back to the original populations.","A couple of questions tweeted and asked by listeners of the same ilk, saying: Would it be possible to clone him?","OK, this is an interesting thing, and we are trying to save some of Lonesome George's tissues, cells. Cloning in reptiles has really not been developed at all, and we're doing - a few mammals seem to be doing OK, but in general the technology, the methodology to actually clone reptiles is decades away.","So hopefully they will be able to maintain cells as in cryogenics, and who knows in the future, but at the moment, it would be impossible."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"decades away\" - This implies that the technology to clone reptiles is still a long way off and not currently available, rather than just being a matter of waiting for a few years.","questions":"What is the timeline for developing reptile cloning technology?","answer":"Reptiles"}
{"text":["The government sets the interest rates and so the banks can make a lot money. And if you're a Chinese person, you can't really get much of your capital out of the country. So where else are you going to put it?","One of the problems with the banks is that they tend to invest in state-owned enterprises. It's kind of part of their job, and it's less risky. But most of the jobs in China are really produced by private enterprise, as they are here in the United States. And it's much harder for them to get capital. So people are, in many ways, feelings that the economy is out of whack in a number ways and that there need to be some serious changes. The government knows this, but there are now very strong vested interests in state-owned enterprises and the banks. And so getting that done is not going to be easy politically.","And even some of those big industries who are in the, I guess, the equivalent of a China's Pittsburgh, the Steel City, and a couple of vast enterprises there, well, they've gone under.","The over-capacity in the steel is extraordinary, and the debt now is over $400 billion. It's actually owned by steel companies largely to Chinese banks. And it's going to take years to work through that over-capacity."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The Chinese economy is not balanced and requires serious changes","questions":"What is the debt of the steel industry in China?","answer":"$400"}
{"text":["And how - it has a unique design to it. Who designed it and why does it have the shape it has?","That's a really interesting question. There's - it's actually a complicated story. The chief architect was a man named John Graham Jr. , had a large architectural firm. He was mainly known as the man who invented the first really successful shopping mall, which was here in Seattle, Northgate. He had the task of creating the Space Needle. But he - they got stuck on the design. They had a doodle on a napkin. He had a bunch of architects who began looking at a tower-like structure. They were inspired by a tower, a broadcast tower in Germany, in Stuttgart, which had a restaurant on it. And so they knew they wanted an observation deck. But they were kind of open to what else they would do. They thought about putting a planetarium up there and a helicopter pad.","No kidding.","Yeah. They considered all kinds of things. And - but they were stuck on coming up with a design that was really a wow design. So John Graham hired as a consultant a professor from the University of Washington named Victor Steinbrueck. He's known locally in Seattle as architect-activist who saved the Pike Place Market. But he was a designer, and he worked on the Space Needle design."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They could not think of any ideas on what to build and how to build it.","questions":"Which question did PersonA answer with, \"That's a really interesting question\"?","answer":"Interesting"}
{"text":["Well, we had some great conversations about what it took to play the position. And you know, Bob Watson, who started out as a catcher, was one of the committee members. Phil Niekro, Bert Blyleven and Don Sutton, Pat Gillick, all pitchers, all Hall Famers, were really able to add a lot of insight to what it must have been like.","And the other - one of the main things we talked about was just how they played much shorter schedules in the 1870s. So when you look at career statistics, that's a huge distortion. Deacon White ended up with 2,000 career hits, but he was playing in a - in an average of 40, 50, 60-game schedules a year. So there was no way to generate the kind of career milestones that we look at as benchmarks today. You know, 3,000 hits would be all but impossible. And 2,000 was a terrific accomplishment.","And the number of errors he recorded even as a great defensive catcher would have been, you know, totally unacceptable by today's standards.","Oh, exactly. Yeah. And again, an issue where we had to really sort of look at what - compare him to people from his own era. And when we did that, you know, it became really obvious just how much he stood above his contemporaries.","Are the records from those days good enough that you have reliable accounts of who was good and who was great?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Shorter schedules in the past distorted career milestones and accomplishments.","questions":"What is a huge distortion?","answer":"Schedules"}
{"text":["And I gather these are specialists, not just regular line firefighters.","Yeah, that's correct. We send - they usually run out of incident management team people, so the teams of planning officers and operation officers and incident managers who actually organize and manage the battle against the fire but also aviation specialists and fire-behavior-type specialists. So they are the type of people that they need and run out of when they've got, you know, the fire activity that they see this summer.","Are the Australian, American and Canadian approaches to firefighting sufficiently similar that you can swap personnel like that?","Well, they certainly are. And we've been swapping personnel particularly with United States since the year 2000. So we've done quite a few deployments from Australia to the U. S.  and Canada. And we've also had Canadian and U. S.  folks come across to Southern Australia and help us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implied meaning: Are the Australian, American and Canadian approaches to firefighting compatible enough that personnel can be exchanged between the three countries?","questions":"What is the question about the compatibility of firefighting approaches between Australia, America, and Canada?","answer":"Compatibility"}
{"text":["Well, first, it's going to sell a majority stake in its most prized asset, its investment-management division. The bank will also slash its stock dividends and sell off much of its mortgage business. You know, this announcement was triggered yesterday by the collapse of a possible deal with the Korea Development Bank that would have given Lehman some much needed capital. But Lehman's been struggling for awhile. Like Bear Stearns, it's been caught with a lot of bad mortgage debt and investors who've been frustrated that Lehman can't come up with the money to cover that debt. They've driven the bank's stock price down 80 percent this year.","So, this is a big concern on Wall Street and a big concern in the banking industry. What about consumers, should they be concerned as well?","Well, consumers will be feeling the bank's pain, most likely in the form of higher interest rates for credit cards and car loans and mortgages. I talked to Jane D'Arista at the Financial Market Center, and she pointed out that last weekend, when the government announced that it would back up Fannie and Freddie's debts, mortgage rates dropped almost right away.","Ms.  JANE D'ARISTA (Director of Programs, Financial Market Center): We had that lively little bounce there in the mortgage market where the rates went down, and everybody is very hopeful that this will restart the process of making mortgages, therefore getting rid of inventory and therefore protecting the prices of the housing market. But Lehman may take that away."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Lehman's financial troubles are affecting consumers through higher interest rates.","questions":"What is the form in which consumers will most likely feel the pain caused by Lehman's financial troubles?","answer":"Interest"}
{"text":["Some of our questions are very basic. Were you a slaveholder?Did your money come from the labor of enslaved people?Many of the questions we're asking at our university are the same as the questions that people are asking at other universities. But I think we have one very special part of our story. That is that Princeton really was a very Southern school.","And it turns out that between 1790 and the outbreak of the Civil War, about 40 percent of our students came from the South. That's extraordinary. And there were some consequences of this very Southern orientation of our student body. There were some horrific acts of violence in our community in the 1830s and '40s as Southern boys raised in slaveholding families came to this town in New Jersey and encountered a free black community for the first time in their lives.","These Southern students were important to our school. Their tuition money was important. Keeping their parents happy was important. So the ethos on our campus was, let's just not talk about this stuff. Let's keep the peace.","Obviously, we are having a debate in this country right now about the legacy of the Civil War. And as a historian, I'd like your thoughts on how you resolve the tension between remembering and honoring."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Did your money come from the labor of enslaved people?\" - This question is not just asking whether the person's money literally came from the labor of enslaved people, but it implies a broader inquiry into whether they have benefited from and perpetuated systems of oppression and exploitation.","questions":"Which inquiry does the question in turn 0 imply?","answer":"Broader"}
{"text":["A tall building may become synonymous with a place, but it doesn't mean that it's born of that place. You can almost pick it up and put it in any city around the world and it would become synonymous with that city. And it denying thousands of years of vernacular architectural tradition, you know. . .","Yeah, yeah.",". . . to relate to environment and all these other things. So that's where the 95 percent figure, an arbitrary figure, comes from.","The Twin Towers in Abu Dhabi received the tall building innovation award. These buildings carry their own sunscreen, in a sense."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"You can almost pick it up and put it in any city around the world and it would become synonymous with that city.\" - This turn means that tall buildings are often designed in a similar way regardless of their location, and therefore lack a unique connection to the specific environment or culture of a place.","questions":"What is the innovation feature of the Twin Towers in Abu Dhabi?","answer":"Innovation"}
{"text":["Yes. The big topic, of course, is what he'll say about the president's unfounded claims that Barack Obama wiretapped his phones. He has also accused British intelligence of wiretapping his phones on behalf of Barack Obama. There's been no evidence produced for those claims. The British have pushed back against them strongly. People on the Hill say they have not seen any evidence of this, and Comey will be asked about that first and foremost.","OK.  And over at the Senate, the first hearings for President Trump's nomination for the Supreme Court - what kind of reception is he going to get?","Well, that's going to be the big event of the week. Neil Gorsuch, who has been nominated by Donald Trump, is going to be asked a lot of questions about his views on executive power, about Donald Trump's comments disparaging judges and the entire court system. This is one of Donald Trump's most important early initiatives. The Republicans have 52 votes in the Senate. They say if they have to change the rules so they won't need 60 to confirm him, they will do that. So it's going to be very, very hard for the Democrats to stop him. But this is just the first of many, many judicial vacancies that Donald Trump will have the opportunity to fill because of the age of judges on the bench right now and the number of vacancies.","And something else we're looking at, obviously, is what's happening on Thursday - a much anticipated vote in the House. They're voting on the repeal-and-replace legislation for Obamacare. Does Speaker Ryan have the votes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B: \"what kind of reception is he going to get?\" - This question is not referring to the physical act of receiving someone but rather inquiring about the kind of response or treatment the nominee will receive from others.","questions":"What is PersonB asking about the nominee's reception?","answer":"Reception"}
{"text":["Well, look, I like the fact that we've eliminated pre-existing conditions. I think that's really important. But Ronald Reagan expanded Medicaid a number of times and he didn't need Obamacare, OK?And my feeling about Medicaid is we've been able to manage this program. And by bringing Ohio money back to Ohio to treat the mentally ill, the drug addicted and the working poor, it's not - we're not only ahead on an arithmetic basis, but we think it's the right issue in terms of giving people a chance and an ability to be lifted.","Biographical question - did you ever consider becoming a priest?","Well, when I was a kid, really early in my life, you know, all Catholic altar boys I think at one time or another thought about being a priest. But then that just wasn't in the cards for me.","But I gather religion is an important factor in your life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  Implies a personal question about the speaker's past, not just a factual question about whether or not they considered becoming a priest.","questions":"How does turn 1 imply the personal nature of the question?","answer":"Personal"}
{"text":["No. But what about the misinformation campaign that we keep discovering more about, hacking, what seems to be just a lot of Russian involvement on a lot of different fronts?Why - what is the Russian interest in causing unrest or consternation in the United States or Western Europe?","Well, actually, I think that causing unrest and consternation is an end in itself. And part of it - part of the goa; is psychological. You know, all of us are interested in seeing our worldviews affirmed. And Russia's worldview - the Russian - the contemporary Russian ideology is that the whole world is rotten. Everybody is corrupt. Everything is for sale. Elections and the United States are just as rigged as they are in Russia. And so sowing the kind of disruption that Russia is sowing first and foremost pursues the goal of affirming that view.","Much of your book is devoted to the stories of four Russians who'd hoped that when the Soviet Union came undone, free speech and democracy would take hold. What happened instead?","Well, actually, those four Russians were much too young to hope for anything when the Soviet Union collapsed. They were preschoolers or kindergarteners when the Soviet Union collapsed. But what happened - and I was interested in them because they came of age - you know, they - or they became human beings in the 1990s, a period that is variously portrayed as a flowering of democracy or as a period of chaos and, you know, robber barons and that sort of thing."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) implies that the four Russians were young during the collapse of the Soviet Union and experienced the transition to democracy or chaos during their adulthood.","questions":"How old were the four Russians during the collapse of the Soviet Union?","answer":"Adulthood"}
{"text":["Man, that's a lot of stuff.","Yeah, a lot of stuff going on and it's all at our blog, nprnewsandviews. org.","Nprnewsandviews - all one word - dot org, right?","That's right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a lot of stuff means there is a massive amount","questions":"What does the website address nprnewsandviews.org consist of?","answer":"Website"}
{"text":["It's a delight to be back with you, Scott.","Now, is this just another drip in the FIFA scandal or does this suggest that the Justice Department is any closer to sorting all of this out?","Well, the noose is tightening. Similar scenes in Brazil have gone on in Germany. It's kind of like the end of the \"Godfather\" movies where the dominoes are all falling, one by one. Sepp Blatter, the farcical little man who's run FIFA for the past couple of decades - FIFA, the nonprofit of a billion-and-a-half cash reserve. It's a wonderful - they're my favorite kind of nonprofit.","It's the kind of nonprofit NPR should be, but go ahead, yes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 3) Implied meaning: The situation is getting worse for FIFA, with similar events happening in both Brazil and Germany. Sepp Blatter, the long-time leader of the organization, is running out of time as the evidence against him is mounting. Despite all the money they have, they are still a non-profit organization","questions":"How is Sepp Blatter described in the dialogue?","answer":"Farcical"}
{"text":["So off I went to Moscow with a couple of colleagues to talk about how intelligence services should work in democracies. And I found myself sitting in the Lubyanka, their headquarters, which over the years had been sort of prison death cell torture chamber, facing a long line of KGB officers and talking to them about democratic oversight and such things. It was certainly one of the strangest events of my working life I think.","(Laughter) Forgive me, but this is a week to ask - do you think they took good notes?Were they paying attention to this democracy?","(Laughter) No, I don't think they were actually. They looked at us with rather hard, cynical eyes. And I wrote somewhere that it seemed to be like two wild animals surveying their prey but not being able to get at them. But I don't think they were particularly interested in all this oversight and democracy stuff, no.","And may I ask you, just based on your experience and the way you survey events, what does Russia want these days?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) implies that the speaker doubts whether the KGB officers were actually interested in the discussion of democratic oversight and were just pretending to pay attention. ","questions":"How did the KGPersonB officers look at the speaker during the discussion?","answer":"Hard"}
{"text":["It's too late by then.",". . . but I think nobody has tried it with the pickled kind.","OK.  We got a minute left. Tell us about the weekly newspaper column. You talked about a recent one about the laws of stupidity. Quickly, do tell that to us, quickly.","Yeah, yeah. Well, this is something done by an Italian economist about 30 or 40 years ago. His name is Cipolla, and he wrote the little piece to be funny, but it's also quite true. He called it \"The Basic Laws of Human Stupidity,\" and these laws boiled down to very few things. One is that there are more stupid people around than anybody will ever estimate accurately. And the other is that there's nothing you can do about them, other than become aware of it. They just are a fact and you better deal with the fact that they're not going to go away, and that there is no point to trying to accommodate them. There's no way you're going to prevent them continuing to be stupid."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be using a sarcastic or ironic tone to convey their true feelings or opinions about the situation, without explicitly stating them.","questions":"What is the PersonA's tone in turn 3?","answer":"Sarcastic"}
{"text":["The report we got yesterday on jobs was not the greatest, but it wasn't bad. Unemployment rate still at 3. 7%; that's historically low. The numbers were a little soft. We also heard the Federal Reserve Board chairman say he doesn't foresee a recession right away. And yet, the markets closed mixed, and the sentiment is still that the overhanging shadow of the trade war is the main issue on the mind of the markets and of businesses looking forward.","And finally, the president's self-inflicted controversy over whether he was told Alabama was threatened by a hurricane - and he used his own Sharpie to alter a map - seems to be lasting longer than the storm.","Oh, I wish it would. This began as a simple mistake, with the president warning and frightening people who were not in danger. So it was corrected right away by the weather service and could have been forgotten by now. Instead, the president has insisted on reviving it and doing so daily.","The latest is a statement from the parent agency of the National Weather Service saying the forecasters in Alabama were wrong to reassure the people of that state and correct the president last weekend. Weather forecasters in and out of government, in and out of Alabama, all rallying to the defense of the weather service forecasters there. All the data and the videotape confirm that. The parent agency in the White House have not responded to questions about this latest twist in the ongoing saga."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The numbers are not completely confirmed and memories of the trade war are what people are thinking about.","questions":"What is the sentiment of the markets and businesses looking forward?","answer":"Trade-War"}
{"text":["Yeah, it was. And you know, people did everything from bringing full-on sleeping bags to wearing what looked like, you know, fall clothes for a stroll in the park. People had very different strategies about what they were going to bring. They had very different understandings of what the security lines would let them bring in. There were huge piles of debris afterwards from things people couldn't bring onto the Mall. You know, it was organized chaos. I mean, it went off really smoothly considering, but there was certainly moments where people didn't completely know what to do, but there was no one who I've heard of who had a bad time. The only time that things are bad here is when you're trying to catch a taxi because there aren't any.","Well, you know, Metro police said there were no arrests, at least initially, as a result of all those people being there, which is remarkable in and of itself. You could have that large a crowd and everyone be that well behaved.","People were amazing. I saw these young brothers last night, and they were like, where's the Mall?And this is one o'clock in the morning. And I went, oh, there's not going to be any parking over there. They're like, we just drove from Chicago. Where's the Mall?I was like, that way. So, people just brought their A-game.","All right. Farai, thank you very much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People were determined and enthusiastic despite the late hour and lack of parking.","questions":"What was the attitude of the people towards the late hour and lack of parking?","answer":"Determined"}
{"text":["Thank you.","What did you see when you drove through that deep water?What did you do?","It was just devastation everywhere. I mean, it looked like a lake. It looks like a lake in the middle of the neighborhood. You can't even fathom it.","Do you remember some of the people you were able to help?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This is a polite way of saying thank you for the help provided.","questions":"How did PersonA express gratitude to the person who provided help?","answer":"Thank-you"}
{"text":["You put us on this boat. I don't know when I'm going to get off. You flooded the Earth. Everybody else is dead. So explain that. She seems aggravated with God.","Yeah. I think she's so flummoxed by how they've gotten into this position. And why her?And why not others?And what it could mean - all these conversations that he seems to have with other people and not with her. And she - and yet to keep putting her in positions of godliness, where she's in charge of everything. And she has to make sure things survive. And yet she doesn't get to hear his reasoning or know him. And yeah, so I think she's coming from a point of just utter frustration at the start of the book. And then she's learning how to deal with that over the course of it.","I mean this next comment in the nicest way. But this is a very weird and strange book, right?There's supernatural elements. You play with the timeline. We go back and forth from the past to the future. There's an angel. There's a dead woman who makes appearances. Was weirdness what you were after?How did that come to be?","Yeah. That's got to be my favorite word."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is not an actual timeline but some things do change in time in the book that affect the future and the past.","questions":"What is one of the supernatural elements in the book?","answer":"angel"}
{"text":["Oh boy, so much has changed. The club scenes, radio, the entire industry as a whole has changed dramatically. Even back then - I mean, I'm not really in clubs right now, but back then, the music that they were playing was different. The accessibility through music and the clubs, and then transitioning into radio was different.","Because that's really how \"Hey Mister DJ\" became such a big hit. A couple of DJs in the clubs loved it, started playing it, and then the next thing you know it was on the radio. And I remember because the label at that time was not really interested in promoting the song. So that's really how it got to mainstream radio, and it just would build and build from there. So it's changed so much now. Regulations and everything has changed. So it's just not as easy to kind of get in those doors.","Now, what made you decide you wanted to go record again?","You know, well, during that time, that seven year hiatus that I took, another life change that I had was really just kind of recommitting my life to God, and my husband and I both grew up in church. And you know, you kind of do your thing when you go to college, and you got your freedom, you do whatever you want to do, which is also a growing period."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The music industry has changed dramatically over time, including accessibility through music, the transition to radio and regulations.","questions":"Which aspect of the music industry has changed dramatically over time?","answer":"Regulations"}
{"text":["You've complained that the U. S.  through both Republican and Democratic administrations has ceded to Israel on most issues and, therefore, has never really been a fair and impartial third party. Has Trump, in effect, made what you consider to be unstated U. S.  policy simply more explicit?","He certainly has. One of the things that Trump has done is that he's brought to the forefront and brought to the - brought - made very apparent that the United States has never been an honest broker - not under Clinton, not under Bush and certainly not under Obama.","Obama was a president who gave Israel the largest aid package that Israel has ever seen. And it had also turned a blind eye to Israeli settlement activity. What Trump has now done is he's put it very much in your face and made it clear that the United States has never been and will never be an honest broker.","Trump, in one of his tweets, did say that Israelis would have to pay more, though, for the recognition of their capital, suggesting Israel will have to make significant concessions to Palestinians. Does that encourage you at all?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The United States has never been an honest broker.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the United States' role in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?","answer":"Biased"}
{"text":["There's definite bright spots. If you're Wal-Mart, you're doing fine. If you're Costco, you're doing fine. If you're Family Dollar, you're doing fine. If you're Dollar Tree, you're doing fine.","The consumer is trading down. Starbucks closes 600 stores, but McDonalds is doing fine. Bennigans closes all their stores. Steak and Ale closes all their stores, but Burger King is booming. There is a story out there. The consumer is in major trade-down mode. If you're in position to take advantage of that, you win.","What about hiring?Stores hire a lot of temporary workers around this time for the holiday season. What's going on there?","Well, we've got 82 clients. All of them, across the board, are planning to hire fewer people and for fewer hours. Hiring is going to be way down, inventory is down, sales is down; it's all down. You know, we've lost an average of 85,000 jobs a month so far this year. Unemployment is going to skyrocket, in our view, to 7 and a half, 8 percent. All the stores have canceled expansion plans, cutting back on investments. They're not opening new stores. They're closing stores, and they're slashing hiring budgets."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The economic situation is causing a significant decrease in hiring, sales, and investment.","questions":"How is the economic situation affecting hiring, sales, and investment?","answer":"Decrease"}
{"text":["And a lot of people might ask, how are you measuring innovation and creativity?","Well, most people measure innovation typically by looking at rates of patenting. Now people have become to track the number of start-up companies emerging in urban centers or the venture capital. And the good news is that cities are upping the ante. New York now, Manhattan is the second highest center for venture capital-backed start-up companies behind only Silicon Valley. But the other caution I wanted to make, and I think you know and folks listening know I'm a dyed-in-the-wool urbanist, that also places like Silicon Valley, which are somewhat car-dependent, can work. They can emulate many of the functions of the city.","So as we begin to build denser cities, the key is not just piling up people in buildings higher and higher and higher and creating vertical suburbs where people just interact in the building, it's to build cities that can be dense, that can have multi-story buildings, that can be close together. But having that interaction is a key part of keeping our cities innovation and creative not only here but in those emerging economies around the world.","Is there a difference in expense as well?Some of those older buildings in New York, hardly any place in Manhattan that anyone would describe as cheap, but they're less expensive in SoHo or Chelsea than they are in one of those big high-rise buildings in Midtown."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Building denser cities is not just about creating vertical suburbs but also about fostering interaction to keep cities innovative and creative.","questions":"What is the key to keeping cities innovative and creative?","answer":"Interaction"}
{"text":["Yes, yes, and I was inundated with students and visitors and all of that because there's a fascination to this, and they all - well, they're all happy to be - to see something like this and realize that when I started and where I started is where they are and that they can do something. And that ought to be the goal: school, learn and then use your own abilities to go further.","Do they realize that?Do they understand that?","I know some did. Now others I think are still thinking I'm going to quickly grab a degree and get a fantastic job and get rich, but I don't think they're thinking beyond getting rich. Now I don't know if that's a good life.","Well, congratulations to you, Nick."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Not all students understand the goal mentioned before.","questions":"Which students may not be thinking beyond getting rich?","answer":"others"}
{"text":["Well, at a Vatican briefing last Tuesday, the spokesman Father Frederico Lombardi used the Armenian term Medz Yeghern, which means the Great Evil. And he bristled when he was asked why he didn't say genocide. So when the prepared text of the Pope's speech last night used only the Armenian term, most of us thought that was a possible diplomatic overture toward Turkey.","In his actual delivery, the Pope added the word genocide. He said that genocide made possible by the twisted racial ideological or religious aims that darken the minds of the tormentors, even to the point of planning the annihilation of entire peoples. \"That drew a standing ovation from the president of Armenia and the diplomatic corps.","The pope visited the genocide memorial today. What did he say there?","Well, it was a a very powerful scene. Francis stood with his head bowed in prayer next to the Armenian apostolate patriarch and a group of black hooded Orthodox bishops while musicians performed a mournful melody on an ancient Armenian flute that's called the duduk. Here's what it sounds like."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The Pope's use of the word \"genocide\" was seen as a possible diplomatic overture towards Turkey - it was a subtle way of showing support for Armenia without directly confronting Turkey.","questions":"Which country did the Pope's speech show support for?","answer":"Armenia"}
{"text":["Absolutely. Let's say, for starters, that it doesn't affect us anywhere near as much as it affects, for example, the United Kingdom, which may not be united much longer - might very well break up over this. And it affects the European Union, which is going to have other countries - some of the larger countries in Western Europe - considering their own exit from the EU, including France. So these are upheavals, tremendous tumult and turmoil, for those countries.","In the United States, the effects would be somewhat more indirect. But that does not mean that they will be minor. Consider that yesterday the Dow Jones Average lost 600 points. All the major stock indexes were down three or four points. That's just the beginning of what is expected to be an indirect, but nonetheless quite palpable, economic effect on the United States. These are some of our biggest trading partners. And as they go through a period of distress, it's going to blow back on us in a number of ways.","What are some of the political implications?","Well, you know, Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton both responded to this pretty quickly. And it showed us a lot about the stark contrast between those two individuals. Hillary Clinton issued what might have been a calm, careful, diplomatic communique respecting the decision but talking about how it might affect American working families."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) \"it's going to blow back on us in a number of ways\" - The implied meaning here is that the economic effects of the decision being discussed will have negative consequences for the United States in multiple ways. The literal meaning is simply that there will be consequences.","questions":"What is the predicted outcome of the economic effect on the United States?","answer":"Negative"}
{"text":["Yeah, he was a loner. He was very studious in high school. He was a brilliant student and a bookworm. Obama has a reputation for having been a bookworm himself, so maybe there's something there.","Right. Something.","Yeah, it's a little silly to read too much into this. But it's - if you look too deeply into anything, you'll find metaphors, right?So. . .","Right. Spinning a web, any size. Catching Republicans just like flies. I don't know."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B in the statement made a reference to the Spider-Man theme song, which implies that they find the previous discussion to be overly speculative or not worth taking seriously.","questions":"Which song did PersonB reference in turn 3?","answer":"Theme"}
{"text":["You know, it's not fair to put the blame on the entire system. You know, we countlessly says in sexual assaults it's not a fraternity problem. It's not an alcohol problem. But we also can't be naive enough not to point out that there seems to be a theme happening where people have this groupthink and are able to hide behind a larger organization.","Can you give us any more insight as to what the conversation on your editorial board's been like?","We were shocked and disgusted when this information came out. You know, one of our first editorials was just somewhat emotional - us explaining that we are very frustrated that this has happened. We are disgusted. These actions are vile, and we, as a student newspaper, are putting our foot down. We're not going to stand for it. As more information has unfolded, specifically the anonymous interview that came out in Philadelphia magazine - that was another topic of one of our editorials.","I don't know that story."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"I don't know that story\" - This turn has a literal meaning, which is that the person speaking is not familiar with the story being referred to.","questions":"What was the response of person PersonB to the information presented by person PersonA in turn 2?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["It takes a whole lot of land to produce meat. If you think about it this way, imagine around the globe all of the crop land out there - one-third of it is used to grow food not for people but for animals. It's animal feed. And when you combine the land needed to graze animals and feed them, this is just a whole lot. The World Resources Institute has estimated that for every gram of protein, producing beef can require 20 times the land and emit 20 times the emissions compared to what it takes to produce beans.","So are there certain types of meat that are better in terms of environmental footprint?Or basically is the suggestion that we should not be eating meat?","There are definitely better choices, and it does not have to be all or nothing. I just mentioned cows and other ruminants. They require a lot of land and feed. But they also release a lot of methane into the atmosphere. Every time these animals belch, a bit of methane goes up into the atmosphere. Methane is a very potent greenhouse gas.","So from an environmental perspective, options such as chicken and turkey can be better. It takes less animal feed to produce meat from these animals. They grow faster. They require less land. So when it comes to reducing the environmental footprint of your diet, you don't have to completely give up meat."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There are better meat choices to reduce environmental impact.","questions":"What type of meat is suggested to have a lower environmental impact?","answer":"Chicken"}
{"text":["So over the years, we've had competitions on piano, bass, drums, trumpet, saxophone, hand drums, vocals and have launched a number of careers. Marcus Roberts won our very first competition and Joshua Redman won the competition on sax in 1991. And there are many others from Jackie Terrason to Jay Manhide(ph) and others. And so, this year is the saxophone. We have a great panel of judges - the great Wayne Shorter, Jimmy Heath, Jane Ira Bloom, David Sanchez and Greg Osby are all coming out to judge this group of students.","They will be of young people. They must be under the age of 30, and they've been guaranteed a recording contract by the Concord Music Group. So the first place winner walks away with a recording contract along with a $20,000 scholarship. The second place has a $10,000 scholarship, and the third is five.","All right, I actually want to talk about someone. You've talked about a bunch of people who have been involved with this competition. But one of them is Lionel Loueke, a guitarist from Benin. And he thought that you were Herbie Hancock after he had auditioned for the Monk Institute. He's gone on to record a debut album for Blue Note, and let's listen to a little bit of him playing live in the NPR Studios in New York.","So, what do you hear when you hear his music?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : He is implying that the first place winner will get the prize.","questions":"What prize does the first place winner receive?","answer":"Recording"}
{"text":["The auto industry is perhaps the most prevalent of family businesses in Michigan. It's not uncommon for several generations of a family to work with the same carmaker. Alex Marinica is a junior at Wayne State University in Detroit. His father spent 20 years working for Chrysler. Alex, your dad recently took a buyout from Chrysler. What was behind his decision?","Well, I mean, obviously, it was a very hard decision to make. He'd been at the company for many, many years, and he really, really love working there. He thought maybe it was time to move on to some other things.","If you don't mind my asking about your career aspirations. . .","Sure."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Alex's father took a buyout from Chrysler despite his love for working there, indicating that the company was likely going through a difficult period. (Literal meaning: Alex's father left Chrysler simply because he wanted to try something new.)","questions":"How did Alex's father's decision to take a buyout from Chrysler indicate the company's situation?","answer":"Difficult"}
{"text":["Pat and Gina are fun, folksy and family oriented. Pat started our chat by telling me how it all got started.","First of all, I was 23 years of age, and I always felt like, even back then, that the best thing I had going for me was my age, and the worst thing I had going for me was my age. Because I was young enough to make mistakes, yet, at the same time, I was going to be young enough to recover from them.","So, you know, it was a very, very gutsy move because he and I, we didn't have a quarter. And I'm sure you're saying, well, how did you open up a restaurant without any money?Well, my grandmother, who was in her 90s, was gracious enough and had enough faith and confidence in us to use her house as collateral, and we took out a small 20,000 dollar loan, opened up a 2,000-square-foot restaurant in 1988.","And, the first day we opened, we were dead broke. We didn't have a cash register. There were so many things that we didn't have that I wouldn't dare try to open up a restaurant in today's time without. But in less than the two years - we leased the building for two years - in two years, not only had we paid my grandmother her money back, but we had saved 40,000 dollars. And we took that money and used it as a down payment and purchased our first restaurant."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Using \"a quarter\" to mean money is a non-literal meaning.","questions":"What did the grandmother use as collateral?","answer":"house"}
{"text":["Absolutely. This is probably one of the most consequential elections in Israel in the last 10 years, since Netanyahu has been in power.","Daniel, thanks so much.","You're welcome.","That's NPR's Daniel Estrin."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : None of the turns have implied meanings that are different from their literal meanings. They all convey their literal meanings without any hidden or implied messages.","questions":"What is the name of the person mentioned in turn 3?","answer":"Daniel"}
{"text":["Well, it's - the prosecutors are saying that, essentially, they've got easier access to Julian Assange. He's no longer holed up in the Ecuadorian Embassy. He's in custody in the U. K. , so it's more feasible. I mean, they haven't proven him to be guilty or innocent, but the evidence hasn't changed. It wasn't due to a lack of evidence that they decided not to question him. It was pure logistics.","As we mentioned, the U. S.  is trying to extradite him, as is Sweden. Is there a chance that there could be competing claims against him here?","Yeah. The big question is who's going to get the chance to speak to him first?And Swedish prosecutors at their press conference - they basically said, we're going to let the U. K.  decide, but it could well be that it's down to the home secretary in the U. K. , the interior minister, to decide which of the countries he thinks has a more pressing case. Should it be the rape charges, or should it be the hacking classified military secrets in the U. S. ?","And there are also time considerations here. Tell us about the statute of limitations.","Yeah. In Sweden, there's a certain time limit for different kinds of crimes. And for rape, it's 10 years. So there's about a year to go before that statute of limitation limit is reached, which means there really is a time squeeze on authorities."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"He's no longer holed up\" implies that he is no longer staying in the Ecuadorian Embassy, not that he was in an actual hole.","questions":"What is the meaning of \"holed up\" in turn 0?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Right. Just say en and E and - yeah.","What I think the phrase means is this feeling of glory that as humans who exist there is something marvelous about us, something magical, something stupendous, something exemplary. And I don't mean that in a religious way but perhaps religious adjacent, that we are touched by God, you know, that we have a spark. But also by nature of being on this planet, we are scarred and weathered and corrupted by the world outside of us and the flawed architecture inside of us. And so I like the phrase damaged glory because I think it represents that. And I do believe that we are all worthy of somebody who will love us in all our damaged glory.","Raphael Bob-Waksberg, thanks for speaking with us today.","Well, thank you so much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker believes that humans are both wonderful and flawed, but still deserving of love","questions":"What does the speaker believe about humans?","answer":"Deserving"}
{"text":["Something happened that I am deeply superstitious about, which is that I was editing the sort of final, final draft of the novel to send out before publishers, and it was night time. And suddenly my vision went white, and I had this incredible pain in my face. And it turned out what had happened was that lightning had hit the barn we were staying in, and it had gone through all of the electrical boxes. And it went up through my computer and through my headphones that were plugged in, into the side of my face. And that was not great, but it did save the document 'cause I think I grounded the electricity. Anyway. . .","(Laughter).","Well, all of this to say that I'm very, very superstitious about this, and I believe that the lightning gave me good luck with the book.","Yeah (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turns (2) and (4) are both expressions of laughter, which implies that the speaker is amused by the story being told, rather than the literal meaning of making a noise.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's statement in turn 3?","answer":"Laughing"}
{"text":["How has technology changed the way that vaccines are made?Is it easier to sort of see responses in living things as they happen now?","Yes, the technology has improved by leaps and bounds. We have, in the case of influenza, now a variety of different ways that we can read out virus neutralization. The traditional way was done using red blood cells, and we would look at the clumping of red blood cells, which is called hemagglutination. And the antibodies to flu would prevent the agglutination of red blood cells.","That was used for decades as the best marker of an immune response. Now we can look with automated assays at neutralization of the virus.","What does that mean?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Improved by leaps and bounds, meaning it has improved by a large margin.","questions":"How has vaccine technology improved?","answer":"Variety"}
{"text":["But even artists like Bone Crusher, who's very theatrical. He was on \"The Biggest Loser\" or - no, the \"Celebrity Fit Club,\" \"Celebrity Fit Club. \"He was on \"Celebrity Fit Club\" and has such a wonderful personality. You have so - these artists that are first songwriters and musicians are so creative. They are so well-rounded and many of them you will see in other mediums.","Now, you are listening to NPR's News & Notes. I am Farai Chideya. In case you are just tuning in, we are doing a special roundtable in entertainment in the ATL with Dee Dee Murray. She is president of Murray Media Music. The company provides publishing service for musicians, writers and producers. And Sonia Murray, music writer at the Atlanta Journal Constitution.","Now, Dee Dee, what about the issue of being a woman in this industry?You know, I have many friends in the industry and I am just going to be real here. You know, one of them says, well, if I don't go to the strip clubs with the guys, I don't get the deal. Do you ever had to figure out where you draw the line in terms of how you are willing to make deals and where you are willing to make deals?","All of the time. As a woman, you always are faced with the challenge of upholding your morality in a lot of instances. And for me, I have had to go to the strip club with some of my clients that are males from California that only dreamed of coming to Atlanta and striking deals in these clubs."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They are implying that deals are done in inappropriate places","questions":"Which challenge is faced by women in the entertainment industry according to the dialogue?","answer":"Morality"}
{"text":["Most Americans agree Congress should do something to try to end gun violence. There is wide support for a range of ideas, including keeping tabs on or limiting who can get a gun and making it easier for police and family members to temporarily take guns away from people who may hurt themselves or others - what's known as red flag laws. There's more division on other proposals. We all - we know all of this because of a new NPR\/PBS NewsHour\/Marist poll.","NPR senior political editor and correspondent Domenico Montanaro has dug into the numbers. He joins us now. Hey, Domenico.","Hey, Ailsa.","OK. So I want to start where there is some agreement. Let's just start positive for now. What does this poll tell us?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : There is support for gun control measures in the US.","questions":"How do most Americans feel about gun violence prevention measures in the US?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["So I want to try making now the Syrian version of ful.","OK.","OK, I'm going to grab the red beans.","Helou got this recipe from Haj Abdo (ph), a vendor in Aleppo. All he made was ful and always had a crowd. That's how she first noticed the old man. This was years before a war broke out in Syria. She says his shop and the whole neighborhood is gone now. But back then, locals absolutely raved about his cafe. And while his ful is typically Syrian, it uses the sesame paste called tahini. Abdo had a special technique."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Haj Abdo's ful recipe is highly regarded by locals and uses a special technique despite his simple cafe.","questions":"How was Haj Abdo's ful recipe?","answer":"highly"}
{"text":["Well, I mean, he's basically had to divest himself of things so that there was no conflict with him working for the government, having had been at Goldman. In that respect, he's gotten, you know, some of those conflicts out of the way already.","There's going to be a conflict of interests in this program. I mean, the asset manager that they hire, they're going to have to have experience managing the kind of assets that the Treasury wants to buy. And so they probably will own some of these assets or manage assets for other clients, for pension funds, for other investors. And so there are going to be huge conflicts. And the Treasury is struggling right now with how to make sure those conflicts are as minimal as possible.","Is there another potential problem that Neel Kashkari is not going to be in Washington much longer if there's a change in administrations. And that that'll cause some kind of turbulence, and, for that matter, Secretary Paulson might not be in place come January.","You're right. There is going to be a huge reshuffling. I mean, four months is not a long time, and it's not the best time to be changing shifts. But it happens, and the Treasury is already working on a transition team trying to make sure that they keep the Obama and the McCain campaigns abreast of what they're doing. And then, after November, they plan to work pretty hard with whomever they designate as a Treasury Secretary."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Neel Kashkari had to divest himself of things to avoid conflicts.","questions":"What did Neel Kashkari have to do to avoid conflicts?","answer":"Divest"}
{"text":["Yeah. They've been sacrificing already with their money and with their talents. The choice is theirs to move back permanently or to invest and to visit. The Shabab will not be, inshallah, any longer a threat to anyone. The famine luckily has been averted. The rain has come in a big way. The country is now ready for its daughters and sons to get involved so that we sustain the progress that has been made.","What has been the reaction of the Somali community to your advice?","They have welcomed it. The community was enthusiastic to hear the hopeful developments in Somalia. I guess they will make their decisions based on my advice but also on their own evaluation of the situation.","But you have personal experience leaving Somalia as well and then coming back. You went to school in Montreal. You were the U. S.  ambassador."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The country does not have children but it means the people that are born and raised there.","questions":"How does \"the country\" refer to the people born and raised in Somalia?","answer":"People"}
{"text":["Part of it was that in four years, there are some voters who believe he was tone deaf, too arrogant, too bossy, not collaborative. But you're right - he raised $30 million over the last four years. The president came in and gave him what everyone called a bro hug, and all of the newspapers endorsed him, including The Chicago Defender. . .","Yeah.",". . . The African-American newspaper. And none of it worked.","Only 34 percent of the voters went to the polls this week. Isn't that usually the kind of election in which a well-financed campaign with a good ground campaign is supposed to win?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's choice of language or communication style may reflect their level of education, social status, or personal values, and may carry additional implications or associations beyond the literal meaning of their words.","questions":"Which factor may influence the PersonA's communication style beyond the literal meaning of their words?","answer":"Values"}
{"text":["What are we looking at in terms of how quickly they can start working again?","It will depend on the crop. For example, the coffee growers - the arabica bean coffee was being harvested right now. So they're working hard to collect from the ground whatever's left so they can sell it in the market. So we're giving them working capital to be able to pay their payroll, and then we'll start planning for next year's harvesting because it's a one-year crop. On the other end, some of the papaya plantations - growers, they also have bananas and plantains. They have younger trees. So if they cut down the banana trees, in eight, nine months they'll be able to get on their feet.","What does this mean for Puerto Ricans and their access to food?","It means (laughter) that we need to rethink our whole food distribution and supply chain. We're highly dependent in imports. We import 85 percent of our food. And this actually gives us an opportunity to rethink that business model and say, hey, we need to produce more here. We need to have fresh produce, etc. , so that we can have enough supplies inland in case this happens again."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Puerto Rico needs to become less dependent on food imports","questions":"How does the situation in Puerto Rico call for a reconsideration of the food supply chain?","answer":"Rethink"}
{"text":["First of all, Ford says it doesn't need the money right now. It needs a line of credit in case. And they believe that they can make it, that they can make it through these hard times. So, there is one big difference. They don't have to go to the extremes that, say, GM does, who say they need money right now.","Jean, I'd like to go back to GM for a moment, and I know you mentioned Larry Burns is a friend. If you were to point out one thing that you think that they're not doing that they should be doing at General Motors, what would that be?","You know, they have been just slow, very slow. They have brought out many, many vehicles in the past - and he is absolutely correct when he says, you know, nine of the last 10 vehicles that have come out have been great vehicles. Two of the next 24 will be what Congress is asking them to do.","So, they're addressing the issues. They have the Chevy Cruise. They have the Malibu, which was an Automobile Magazine All-Star last year, its first year out. We called it better than a Camry. They have a Malibu hybrid. They have the Cadillac line, CTS, CTSV. They have Volt. They have very good vehicles coming out. They have been perhaps slow to ax the ones that are not so good.","Jean Jennings is the editor of Automobile magazine. Thanks, Jean."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Ford doesn't need the money right now, but GM does","questions":"How is Ford's financial situation currently compared to GM's?","answer":"Worse"}
{"text":["So I guess you could be arguing that they're just coming down to realistic levels.","Yeah, I could be arguing that.","All right. Well, let's talk about what this means in relation to the president's recently announced housing rescue package. Now, I understand that it's only applicable if you have a loan of less than $417,000. In other words, not a jumbo loan, and if you're only five percent underwater.","That's right. It does include people who have not defaulted yet, which is a good thing, and it's focused on the right target. The right target is this auctions market, which has gotten clogged. That's really by and large - it's all over the country, but it's particularly in low states, in these four states, and it's at the low end of the market. So most of the properties that are in foreclosure or a lot of the properties in foreclosure are actually within that conforming limit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The auction market has too many houses up for auction and not enough being bought.","questions":"How is the auction market?","answer":"Clogged"}
{"text":["Well, you know, call me an old fashioned guy, but I like to see the U. S.  and the Russians figuring out areas where we can cooperate and going at it from there. So I think it's a good idea. But I do have a little caution about the notion that you bring people together and they're going to hit the side of the head with the palm of their hand and say, oh. Now we see this other guy isn't so bad.","Actually, they've been murdering each other for a couple of years now. And so bringing people together isn't necessarily going to help. I think what's more important is not so much getting people around a table, as getting people around some ideas for what this crazy country is going to look like in the future.","Again, going back to the example of Dayton, you said getting people together in one room did not work so well there.","Oh. You know, we had an opening banquet, which we had in this museum. I mean, it was an air museum, so, ironically, above the head of one the Serbs, we had a cruise missile, which had recently. . ."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : He says to call him a guy that likes to do things the way they used to be done years ago. He cautions against thinking that bringing people together will make them suddenly realize how wrong they had been.","questions":"How does PersonA describe himself?","answer":"old-fashioned"}
{"text":["Ms.  JANE D'ARISTA (Director of Programs, Financial Market Center): Commercial paper typically is about one third of the assets held by Money Market Mutual Fund. So, the fact that they have been skittish, and fear runs from their clients has meant that they have not been buying. So, the Fed has decided that it's going to buy the paper and try to get investors back in with the assurance that there is a buyer out there, namely, the Federal Reserve itself.","And Mitchell, the Fed is also doing something later this week with regards to interest rates, right?","Right. The Federal Reserve's Open Market Committee meets tomorrow and Wednesday. It seems like there's almost no chance that the Fed will sit on its hands. Economists predict an interest rate cut of either a quarter point or a half point. A half point would bring the Federal Funds Rate down to 1 percent, which would be its lowest level in four years.","Thanks, Mitchell. That's Mitchell Hartman of public radio's daily business show, Marketplace."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Money Market Mutual Funds have not been buying commercial paper due to fear, so the Fed is buying it to encourage investors.","questions":"How much is the Federal Funds Rate expected to decrease by if the Fed cuts interest rates by half a point?","answer":"fear"}
{"text":["Absolutely. Mary was beyond offended. This was after her columns had been a sensation, after the Army-McCarthy hearings. And Mary had to deal with that kind of institutional sexism throughout her career, that she knew she would have to work harder and write better than the men to be a syndicated columnist. But she was also fairly comfortable with the hand she was dealt. She was not a trailblazing feminist in a traditional sense of the word. She figured if she was going to get paid less and have to work harder, she would make the men on the campaign trail damn well carry her bags.","Yeah, Mary's bearers, they were called, right?","Indeed. I don't think a more illustrious group of porters has ever been assembled, that you could find people carrying her typewriter and bag who invariably had won a Pulitzer. And as her cousin once joked, that if the reporters around weren't able to do it, she would make the candidates do so.","I wish I could think of a better opening. Tell me the Lyndon Baines Johnson story, if you could, please."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Yeah, Mary's bearers, they were called, right?  In this turn, the implied meaning is that Mary had a group of people known as \"bearers\" who were responsible for carrying her typewriter and bag. These bearers were exceptional individuals who had won Pulitzer Prizes. It suggests that Mary had a team of highly skilled and accomplished individuals supporting her, further highlighting her influence and status.","questions":"How were Mary's bearers described?","answer":"Exceptional"}
{"text":["What put this story into your mind?","Well, I was researching a, you know, just a short magazine piece on the media's infatuation with lists. And I stumbled across this, to me, arresting factoid that there was a - someone named Frederick of Saxony who lived in the early 16th century, but he had a collection of holy relics. This collection of holy relics numbered 19,013. The second thing I found out was that Frederick of Saxony was Martin Luther's employer. And it sort of, you know, took off from there. But I - the - there was the relic collection that - and I - as I looked into that, it had marvelous things - a strand of Jesus's beard, a piece of straw from the holy manger - I'm not making this up - a vile of the Virgin Mary's breast milk. I mean, these were among the items in this collection.","In fact, the book opens with a scene at the Basel Relic Fair.","Yeah, it was a - it opens - they - a trade fair and Dismas notes that there are two adjacent booths, each offering a complete crown of thorns for sale."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In a literal sense, A is simply confirming that the book opens with a scene at the Basel Relic Fair. However, the implied meaning is that the mention of the two adjacent booths offering a complete crown of thorns for sale is significant and foreshadows something that will happen later in the book. It sets up an expectation in the reader's mind that will be fulfilled or subverted later on.","questions":"Which detail in the book's opening scene sets up an expectation in the reader's mind?","answer":"Expectation"}
{"text":["You know, I thought at this point that nothing the president did could surprise me. He surprised me. To say the least, it is a stunning lack of understanding and judgment on his part, frankly.","Can you just walk me through that why?","Well, look at who we're talking to. This is the Taliban. It is not a sovereign government. To extend an invitation to Camp David for a meeting with the president when they have not accepted a ceasefire, a full ceasefire, when they are very much in the business of killing American troopers and Afghan civilians. This is not the first casualty that we've had out there since these talks began. But to invite people like that under these conditions to Camp David to be hosted by the president of the United States - that to me was something unthinkable until, obviously, he thought it.","Do you have any sense of what role this meeting would have played in the discussions that have taken place so far?I mean, a lot of people are focusing on today sort of the optics of it. A lot of the people in the president's own party are having trouble with that - I mean, bringing the Taliban to meet at Camp David with the president of the United States. But substantively, though, what role would a discussion like this have played in trying to finalize these negotiations?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : walk me through means to explain why to the person asking","questions":"Which word did PersonB use to ask for an explanation of the role the meeting would have played in the negotiations?","answer":"Role"}
{"text":["Mm-hmm. I'm Ira Flatow. This is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR, talking with Anthony Leiserowitz of the - he's the director of the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication at Yale. How can you follow up with this?Can you keep coming up with new polls so we can follow this?","Oh, absolutely. We'll be doing this at least twice a year and, of course, we have lots of other colleagues around the country that are also surveying on this exact same topics.","And will we know if this does move into the - more into the political discourse as well as the public discourse?","Well, I think we'll see it. I mean, first of all, you can see it in the amount of - number of times that the president talks about this, that candidate Mitt Romney talks about this, as well as across the board. I mean, remember, it's not just the presidential election. There are some Senate races and congressional races all over this country. And what we're seeing is that a lot of people are beginning to ask the question about climate change."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"And will we know if this does move into the - more into the political discourse as well as the public discourse?\" - This is a literal question about whether or not the topic of climate change will become more prominent in political and public discussions.","questions":"How will the topic of climate change be more prominent in discussions?","answer":"Prominence"}
{"text":["He says today's number one threat to American national security is nuclear proliferation and terrorism. His new book, \"Will Terrorists Go Nuclear?\"examines both the risks and psychology of nuclear terrorism, and says terrorists don't need to have such weapons to perpetrate nuclear terror.","Nuclear terrorism is about the very frightening possibility that terrorists could acquire and employ nuclear weapons. Nuclear terror is about the anticipation of that event. Nuclear terrorism is about terrorists' capabilities, intelligence, evidence, our assessment of the threat. Nuclear terror is about our imagination.","The history of nuclear terrorism can be briefly summarized. Fortunately there hasn't been any. Many would hasten to add yet. But nuclear terror has a rich history, and it's deeply embedded in our popular culture and our policy making circles.","One of the other things you mentioned in the book, among many, is that al-Qaeda might become the world's first terrorist nuclear power without possessing a single nuclear weapon. And I suppose the answer to that is in part what you just were describing."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement \"Will Terrorists Go Nuclear?\" implies that the book discusses more than just the possibility of terrorists using nuclear weapons to carry out attacks.","questions":"Which book examines the risks and psychology of nuclear terrorism beyond the possibility of terrorists using nuclear weapons to carry out attacks?","answer":"Terrorists"}
{"text":["Jeffrey Dahmer in Milwaukee.","Right and Ted Bundy in Florida. I mean, if you look at the serial killers, the majority of them that abused animals prior to turning on humans - and even one admitted, I did it to see how the animal would die before I killed a human. It's just - it's amazing. School shooters, Pearl, Miss. , and Columbine, they all abused animals and killed animals prior to their shooting spree. So it's - the data's there and it's not just guesswork. It's actual documented data.","You've been a law enforcement professional. Are there people who say the last thing I need is more paperwork, more data?","Yeah, here's the thing. Law enforcement really hasn't grasped this problem yet. If you look back in the early '70s when domestic violence came up and how the laws changed and then law enforcement would go, say, well, if the woman's getting beat, why she won't leave the house?Well, we didn't understand. We'd understand the dynamics of domestic violence, and as that whole thing changed, it got better. And if you look at animal abuse right now, it's - can follow the same timeline. You can always - bet you it's within years that it's going to be the same timeline. You have to get - in order for this problem to be solved, you're going to have to get the legislators to create the laws, you're going to have to get law enforcement to enforce the laws, you're going to have to get prosecutors to prosecute and judges to convict."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is suggesting that, similar to the evolution of laws and attitudes towards domestic violence, there needs to be a similar shift in the understanding and treatment of animal abuse. This implies that the speaker believes that animal abuse should be taken seriously and treated as a potential indicator of violent behavior, and that there needs to be a comprehensive effort involving legislators, law enforcement, prosecutors, and judges to address this issue.","questions":"Which issue does the speaker suggest needs a similar shift in understanding and treatment as domestic violence?","answer":"Animalabuse."}
{"text":["As any historian will tell you, history is a living thing. And there's always a debate over how events can be interpreted and understood. Poland recently has gone a step further, legislating how to talk about one of the darkest periods in its history.","We are in a moment when we decide about how we're going to teach about and remember the Holocaust in the future.","Anna Sommer Schneider is a professor of Jewish civilization at Georgetown. This past week, the country's president signed a law that would punish anyone who suggests Poland was complicit in the Holocaust. Critics, including Israel and the U. S.  State Department, say the law will stifle discussion about those atrocities and cover up the role of Poles who killed or denounced Jews during World War II. For Schneider, this debate is personal. In 1977, she was born in the same town as Poland's most infamous concentration camp.","Despite the fact that I was born and raised literally in the shadows of the gas chambers, there was very little information available for me at that time - what Auschwitz really was."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The law punishing those who suggest Poland was complicit in the Holocaust will stifle discussion about atrocities and cover up the role of Poles who killed or denounced Jews during World War II.","questions":"How will the law signed by Poland's president affect discussion about the role of Poles in the Holocaust?","answer":"Stifle."}
{"text":["Our hope is that the cessation of violence is imperative if there is to be some semblance of normalcy in the election. If this rate of violence continues, then certainly there is no way we can have a free and fair election. We are hoping that when the various delegations of observers start arriving, we may see a decline into these violent activities of the regime and these rogue elements.","You have worked now with MTV to do PSAs that call for a free and fair election. Why did you decide to work with MTV on this?","Well, you know that the background actually started as some form of informal contact, then it developed into a contact with Dispatch group. So Dispatch, which is a youthful band, staged this concert on Zimbabwe. And we are now - I was in New York, I had a meeting with them, and that's how our relationship has developed.","Do you think that global youth, people not just in Zimbabwe, but, you know, in all the different places around the world that, for example, might plug in to public service announcement like this, or just people who are young and are listening to music and, you know, going online for their news, do you think that they can help advocate for the free and fair elections in Zimbabwe?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : If the violence doesn't stop, the election won't be fair","questions":"How is the election affected?","answer":"Fairness"}
{"text":["One of the groups that helped push Trump over the top in Indiana was white evangelicals. The question is now that Kasich and Cruz are out of the race, will Republican evangelical voters coalesce around Trump in the general election?We're joined by Russell Moore. He's the president of the Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention. Thanks so much for joining us.","Good to be with you.","Now, in many ways, Ted Cruz really, I think, bet his campaign on the evangelical vote. He was hoping to capture the vote in many of the early primary states. He certainly was banking on it in Indiana - didn't happen for him. Why wasn't he able to?","Well, I think there are a number of reasons. I think one of the reasons is evangelicals are just as susceptible to trends in the country as the rest of the population. And if you look at the exit polling on evangelicals, you'll find that churchgoing evangelicals, people who actually attend worship services, were much less likely to support Donald Trump than were people who just nominally affiliate themselves with evangelical Christianity."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of turn (4) is that there are several reasons why Ted Cruz wasn't able to capture the evangelical vote, and one of those reasons is that churchgoing evangelicals were less likely to support Donald Trump than those who just nominally affiliate themselves with evangelical Christianity.","questions":"What was one reason why churchgoing evangelicals were less likely to support Donald Trump than those who just nominally affiliate themselves with evangelical Christianity?","answer":"Churchgoing"}
{"text":["Oh, there are lots of modern blunders but not all of them are brilliant.","To be brilliant, it has to be truly an epic blunder, is what you're saying.","Well, it has to be something that in one way or another leads to a real breakthrough. You know, this is how I define, you know, a brilliant blunder and not just something that is a big mistake. I mean there are lots of huge mistakes.","While I was writing this book, when people would ask me what is your book about, I said, you know, it's about brilliant blunders and it's not an autobiography."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : To be truly brilliant, a blunder must lead to a real breakthrough.","questions":"How does PersonA define a brilliant blunder?","answer":"Breakthrough"}
{"text":["Do the crime, do the time, that's the old line, right?But convicted perpetrators are still afforded basic human rights while serving out their debt to society. The Southern Center for Human Rights recently filed suit on behalf of a group of prisoners in Decatur, Alabama. The presiding judge describes the county jail as, quote, \"A Slave Ship. \"There, the sheriff is accused of starving his prisoners so he could pocket the profits off a lean kitchen budget. Joining us is Lisa Kung, the executive director of the Southern Center for Human Rights. Hi, Lisa.","Hi, how are you?","I'm good. So this case has just stunned people across the world. I couldn't believe it myself when I read about it. But I understand that there is a Depression-era law on the books that made this kind of profiteering legal. Tell us about the law and the details of the case.","Sure. That's right. Alabama has this arrangement where the state pays $1. 75 a day to the sheriffs - directly to the sheriffs for every person they have in his or her jail. Now, you and I know it's hard enough to come up with three meals a day for $1. 75, and what makes Alabama special is that it allows these sheriffs to take any of the money that they don't spend on food and put it straight into their own pocket."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : It is difficult to provide three meals a day with $1.75, and sheriffs can keep the leftover money for personal use","questions":"What is the amount of money the state pays to the sheriffs for every person they have in the jail?","answer":"$1.75"}
{"text":["And obviously, Florida is a very important state. It's no coincidence he's kicking off his campaign there. Where else do you expect to see President Trump in the months ahead?","So he'll be back in Florida; we know that for sure. It's a key state in that he isn't president without winning Florida, and he needs it for re-election. But you can also expect to see him in those other states that he won very narrowly in the upper Midwest - Wisconsin, Michigan. And the campaign is stretching. They want insurance. And at this point, they have money. They've been fundraising since Inauguration Day. And they are stretching, trying to reach into states you wouldn't expect, like Minnesota or even New Mexico and New Hampshire, which Hillary Clinton won last time around.","That's NPR White House correspondent Tamara Keith at President Trump's rally in Orlando, Fla. Thanks, Tam.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : President Trump's campaign is targeting swing states and expanding beyond the states he won in 2016","questions":"How is President Trump's campaign expanding beyond his 2016 wins?","answer":"Expanding"}
{"text":["Someone who might be a public interest lawyer who decides to go to Wall Street instead because the money is better there, someone who might like to be a teacher making a little money, but decides, instead, to take a job, you know, in retail sales or in corporate because again the money is there. They lose, but we all lose. And I think that that's the challenge right now is that the nation loses when we are not in a position to invest and provide opportunities for every young person, and again, I'd say not-so young person.","We have students at Bennett who were returning students in their 30s, 40s and even 50s. And so we want every student and every person to have the opportunity to maximize. This is the kind of economy where people really don't maximize; where, instead, as you said they're careful; they're hoarding, they're not spending. So even this little $300 of the so-called stimulus package is going to put out there, a lot of people are going to put that away.","Well\u2026","A lot people are going to say, well, I'm not going to spend that money. I'm going to wait for a rainy day."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) is the turn whose actual meaning is different from its literal meaning. The speaker is not talking about waiting for an actual rainy day but rather saving the money for future needs or emergencies. The phrase \"wait for a rainy day\" is a common idiom used to refer to saving money for a future time of need or unexpected expenses.","questions":"What is the hidden meaning behind the phrase \"wait for a rainy day\" in turn 3?","answer":"Saving"}
{"text":["About 300 jobs will be coming back to the Granite City Works plant in Granite City, Ill.  U. S.  Steel made that announcement this past week. That's on top of the 500 new jobs U. S.  Steel announced in March. The company pointed to the Trump administration's controversial tariffs on imported steel as one of the reasons. Dan Simmons is the president of the steelworkers union in Granite City, and he joins us now. Welcome to the program.","Well, thank you.","I want to take you back a little bit to understand the context of what happened in your town. I understand the last few years have been really tough for your members. U. S.  Steel laid off hundreds of workers in 2015. What did that mean for the people there?","It was devastating. When you take their livelihood away, there's nothing out there. And what jobs are there that these guys were able to, you know, pick up, they weren't making nothing what they were making with us. And you watch the - not only these members and their families erode, you see this town erode, the community. It's like a big sucking sound, so to speak.","So what has the community's reaction been to this most recent announcement?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The families, town, and communities lose members and become non existent as a unit.","questions":"How would the speaker describe the impact of job loss on the families and communities?","answer":"Devastating"}
{"text":["It's great to be with you, Ira. Thank you.","I'm just looking at the abstract of your study, and some of these numbers are amazing. Seventy-two percent, 72 of all Americans think that global warming should be a very high or medium or a priority for the president and the Congress. That crosses all party lines.","It does. It includes 84 percent of Democrats, 68 percent of independents and 52 percent of Republicans. So yes, there is this difference between Democrats and Republicans. But nonetheless, a majority of Republicans do think that global warming should be a priority for our elected officials.","So why are we all under the impression that there is not this majority?","Ah. Great question. So one of the things that became very clear to us early in our research was that Americans don't speak with a single voice on this issue. And in fact, what we've identified is what we call a global warming's six Americas, that essentially you can look at the country and find that there are six very different communities within the United States, that each respond to this issue in very different ways. One group we call the alarmed. That's only about 12 percent of the public."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It's great to be with you, Ira. Thank you. (Literal meaning: expressing pleasure at being in someone's company)","questions":"What is the name of the group that makes up only 12% of the public and is the most concerned about global warming according to the speaker?","answer":"Alarmed"}
{"text":["Actually, you know, the property itself is a mess. It's been broken into by, like, vandals, and it looks like the inside of the Titanic. But I was talking to someone a few days ago, actually, who was saying that when they originally - the new - after Tesla lost the land, a film company came in and took it over and was working there, producing film for like 40 years. And a lot of Tesla's old equipment was still there. So what they actually ended up doing with a lot of it was just burying it. So there's actually some people think that some of his old stuff is still underneath there, including - there's a room and he built some sort of underground resonance chamber. I don't know what that means; it sounds impressive. But it might still be down there like this giant, big, crazy Tesla room. So, you know, I don't. . .","That would be exciting.","That would be cool to dig out stuff, but I don't know if it's there or not. But it still kind of gives the property a bit of, I don't know, bit of magic.","So what's the plan for the property?I mean, you guys raised enough money to build it, I think with a grant from New York State too?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Exciting possibility that there might be Tesla's old equipment buried.","questions":"Which equipment?","answer":"Tesla"}
{"text":["We had testimony submitted to us this morning in writing by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who engineered - according to the government and himself - the attacks of 9\/11. And he was questioned about the role of Salim Hamdan, and I'll just read you one paragraph from what he answered.","The question was, did Salim Hamdan ever have any role in planning, or carry out, any activities that you either directed or were involved in?, as he was the director of operations. He didn't play any role. He was not a soldier. He was a driver. His nature was primitive. He was a Bedouin one person and far from civilized. He was not fit to plan or execute. But he is fit to change truck tires, to change oil filters, wash and clean cars, and passing cargo and pickup trucks. He could tighten bolts and could select the best maintenance shop.","This is Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, saying this about Hamdan?","That's right. We also had testimony from Waleed bin Attash, and as I understand it, he was responsible, or has boasted his responsibility, for the attack on the USS Cole. And he says Salim Hamdan's activities were distinctively clear, as he was seen driving the cars going and coming every day. His responsibilities were those related to driving, such as mechanical and maintenance and repairs. He was not involved in planning any attacks against the United States."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), Khalid Sheikh Mohammed's statement about Salim Hamdan's \"nature\" being \"primitive\" and him being \"far from civilized\" is not meant to be taken literally. It is a derogatory and prejudiced statement that reflects the speaker's biased view of Hamdan's cultural and ethnic background.","questions":"Which derogatory statement reflects the PersonA's biased view of Salim Hamdan's cultural and ethnic background?","answer":"Derogatory"}
{"text":["You note when Turkey failed to prosecute this man and then your office did prosecute this man that you became a kind of social media hero in Turkey. You got a huge following. Apparently. . .","Yeah. Completely undeserved. As I said, other people had done the work. But I became a symbol. And I say, look, the prosecutors are not saviors. They can't solve everything. It takes an involvement from a lot of other people. It just happens to be the case that it's very easy to put, you know, their hopes and hatreds both, sometimes, in the figure of a prosecutor.","Are people putting too much faith in Robert Mueller?","People should have a lot of faith in Robert Mueller. I have a ton of faith in Robert Mueller. I think, you know, he is not a deity and he should not be put on a pedestal, but there's no one I can think of in the country who could have done this job as honorably as he's doing. And even he has been attacked and dragged through the mud and false accusations made about him. What I'm saying is he's just a lawman acting by the book trying to do what he thinks is correct with a band of really, really smart, I think, honorable people around him."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Mueller should be respected and trusted, even though he has been wrongfully attacked and criticized.","questions":"How should Mueller be regarded despite the false accusations made against him?","answer":"Respect"}
{"text":["Then later on, I ended up having to deal with, really, racism from both sides, from white people, as well as from black people who claimed that I was not really black because of the music I listened to or the way that I speak or some intangible delineation that people make in terms of how you're supposed to behave based upon the color of your skin.","Well, Brian, you know, you went on to basically go about your life and kind of sublimate this incredible pressure. But at some point, it all broke for you. What happened then?","Well, what happened was - I should back up and say that at the time that I wrote \"Not a Genuine Black Man,\" the book and the play, I decided that in order for it to be real and to be true and to be what I wanted it to be, I'd have to be completely naked. And that being the case, I knew that I would have to talk about the darkest moment in my life, which was a very severe period of depression I went through in 1999.","I had - I didn't realize it at the time, but apparently I had suffered depression since childhood, from all of the, you know, strangers driving down the street yelling the N-word, not being included because I was the only black kid and being different. And I'd spent a lot of time isolating and by myself."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A reflects on his childhood experiences of racism and isolation as the only black kid.","questions":"How did PersonA feel as the only black kid?","answer":"Different"}
{"text":["What I'm going to do next time or in the next few months is I'm going to get storm shutters put in my house. We have no plans on moving, though.","With the electricity restored, the whole family is moving back in today.","And how's baby William doing?","He's doing wonderful. He's eating and sleeping like a champ (laughter). And his big sister is loving her new role, so we're very happy."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is taking measures to protect their home from potential storms in the future","questions":"How is the speaker preparing for potential storms?","answer":"Storm"}
{"text":["Take Darwin, for example. His theory of evolution by natural selection, the key to that theory, the way favorable traits are passed on, it's through genes. The only problem is Darwin did not understand genetics. In fact, his original idea of how inheritance worked would have been discredited. It would have discredited the whole process of evolution.","And it's just one of the fascinating stories in my next guest's book, \"Brilliant Blunders: From Darwin to Einstein. \"Mario Livio is the author. He's also an astrophysicist at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore. Welcome back to SCIENCE FRIDAY, Dr.  Livio.","Thank you for having me, Ira.","All these people made great mistakes."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Darwin's theory of evolution has flaws due to his lack of understanding of genetics.","questions":"What did Darwin's original idea of how inheritance worked do to the process of evolution?","answer":"Discredit"}
{"text":["Absolutely. I mean, people should waste less of what they buy. I mean, it's estimated that the typical family in the U. S.  tosses out about $1,600 of groceries a year. And the report out today from the U. N.  finds that food waste may contribute up to 10% of the human-made greenhouse gas emissions. So we have a whole bunch of tips on our website to help you shop smarter and waste less in your own homes.","That's NPR's Allison Aubrey.","Allison, thanks for sharing this with us.","Thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : not literally produced or created in a lab, but emissions are a by-product of the human's food waste","questions":"Which emissions?","answer":"Greenhouse"}
{"text":["What did you really face when it came to dealing with your colleagues?","The majority of the Secret Service agents were very acceptable of me coming in to the White House detail. There were only a few who were dead-set against any integration policies or equal-opportunity policies that were being enforced by President Kennedy, giving equal opportunity to all people, regardless of race, religion, color or ethnic background.","And I think that President Kennedy was serious, and he was doing these things not for a political purpose, but because he felt it in his heart that America could be a much better place if we didn't have all of these divisions and restrictions on people of ethnic backgrounds and minorities.","So now I foresaw that the weaknesses in the protection on President Kennedy would allow his assassination if any serious attempt would be made against his life, and I did everything in my power to stem that threat against our young president.","What threats did you hear against the president's life and when?","We had many threats. It was just like a thunderstorm of threats during the early part of 1963, going in to November. As a matter of fact, in Miami, Florida, we were told at a record meeting here in Chicago that a tape-recording had been made of some Cubans who were discussing how they were going to assassinate the president."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I did everything in my power to stem that threat against our young president\" - The actual meaning of this turn is not the literal meaning of \"stemming a threat\", which would involve stopping or slowing down the source of the threat like a river or tide. Here, it means that the speaker took actions to prevent harm to President Kennedy.","questions":"What did the speaker do to prevent harm to President Kennedy?","answer":"Everything"}
{"text":["Glad to be here, Michel.","So you said that Thomas Jefferson was the first to hold July 4 celebrations at the White House in 1881 because he was the first to live in the White House during the Fourth of July. What did he do?","Well, Jefferson just had a little reception for some citizens and some officials. And they had some punch and some cakes, and they had some Italian musicians in to play some music. And this sort of set the trend for future presidents where they had receptions during July 4, something very low-key. And, in 1841, John Tyler had a dinner on that day, and he had turtle soup with - made from a 300-pound turtle they brought in from Key West, Fla.  And then, that night, they walked across the street to Lafayette Square, and they watched the fireworks, which has been part of the July 4 celebration from the very beginning.","So it seems as though the previous presidents had pretty low-key celebrations. This turtle soup was kind of fancy. But the letter from House Democratic leaders state that the Fourth of July celebrations have always been, quote, \"nonpartisan and apolitical. \"Is that true?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : July 4 celebrations were not always low-key and small, and turtle soup was not the only fancy dish served during the celebration.","questions":"How was the turtle soup served during the Fourth of July celebration?","answer":"fancy"}
{"text":["It goes into the ecosystem, and it will be assimilated most likely based on past history. What is actually overflows is more dilute than what it would have been without the rain. And then with everything else that's coming down the river, it will get assimilated into the ecosystem one way or another. In a case like this where there's the major flooding, most of the nutrients are going to get carried on out into the ocean.","Why in this day and age are there still hog lagoons and we haven't come up with a better way?","There are better ways. It's just that they're expensive ways. And from a farming standpoint, the margins are typically slim. And so it's just - there's - lagoons are still an effective method for waste treatment and fairly resilient. You know, some of the new systems that have been evaluated were highly mechanical systems, high energy requirements. And so, you know, during a storm event or where there's electricity is off for several days, those systems aren't going to work at all. And so you're still going to have a potential for release of wastewater.","Yeah. Mr.  Rice, I found myself very affected this week to read that amidst all the devastation and suffering of many people through Hurricane Florence, according to reports, about 5,500 pigs died during the storm."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The overflow will not cause harm to the ecosystem.","questions":"Which event will lead to the release of wastewater?","answer":"storm"}
{"text":["That's a great question. Things are definitely improving in the eurozone. It is unfortunately too early to say that they're out of the woods or even completely out of their recession.","I gather that most of the growth appears to be centered in Germany and to a lesser degree France. And is this then just a case of work with the best economies to begin with getting a little bit better?","Well, Germany has been the better of the European economies, since they're getting a little bit better. France has struggled. Portugal had some good numbers last quarter. That's encouraging. But you're right, we are still deeply worried about other places, such as Italy, Spain and, of course, Greece.","Well, that brings up the question because unemployment still continues to be perniciously high in Spain and Greece. Does this improvement somehow filter through to them?","Well, it certainly will - should if it continues, but you need faster growth rates than this. The hope is that this is the beginning of a faster recovery. But the way the European economy is, roughly speaking, you need more than 1 percent per year annualized growth rate in order to reduce unemployment. Unemployment's very high. We want to be seeing on an annualized basis 2 percent, perhaps even 3 percent in this recovery phase in order to feel that they've really turned the corner.","You need greater growth to be able to spur greater hiring and to lower the unemployment."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation in the eurozone is improving, but it is still not out of the woods yet.","questions":"Which area is still deeply worried about even with the improving situation in the eurozone?","answer":"Greece"}
{"text":["Well, you're talking about scholarships, and that's interesting. We've seen now at least one major university and many more smaller colleges offering esports scholarships, which is this new development where schools are now getting in on this. And they're recruiting top gamers and - or esports athletes, as they're known. What's in it for a university?Why are they getting in on this, too?","What's funny is it's a really big recruitment tool for them. Typical esports gamers, they over-index with engineers and with math majors. And so they're trying to, you know, bring in sort of the best of the best in those disciplines into the school, and this is a way to do it.","Wow.","At least that's what the gamers tell their mothers."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In turn 4, the speaker is implying that the claims made by gamers to their mothers may not be true.","questions":"Which turn implies that esports scholarships are a recruitment tool for universities to attract math and engineering students?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, that is the thing in this country. I mean, I know America quite well. And I think we have to reverse the absolute mirror image of the broadcasting and newspaper. When the debate was around about the beginning of this year about fake news, there was a lot of discussion about how, in this country, people are kind of used to fake news because - not that the newspapers are fictional, but they do take a slant on some stories. But the television media here, in particular, and the radio has been regulated to be unbiased and impartial since broadcasting began in the 1930s.","Some here in America would view this as an agency of thought police. Is there pushback against Ofcom in the United Kingdom?","There have been periods of incredibly busy activity from Ofcom. Recently, they have been turning quite a few complaints across to us and other broadcasters. That is not a reflection of Ofcom. That's a reflection of people who write to Ofcom. They're only making decisions if viewers complain. But it's not a form of thought police. It's a form of being objective. I think viewers in this country expect the television and radio broadcasting to be unbiased, accurate and impartial. And so that is enshrined in law. It's an expectation. And when they feel that the standards of broadcasting have dropped below that, they complain to Ofcom, and then Ofcom investigates us.","Ben De Pear is the editor of Channel 4 News. Thank you very much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"take a slant on some stories\" - the literal meaning of this phrase would be to physically tilt or lean on stories, but the actual meaning is that newspapers present stories from a particular point of view or bias.","questions":"Which phrase used by PersonA is used to describe the regulations imposed on television and radio broadcasting in the United Kingdom?","answer":"broadcasting"}
{"text":["Yes. We got involved and that's 25 years ago. And it took us about 25 years to get it done. We met monthly. And - well, actually, we met like biweekly and just phonetically translate it - every word in the New Testament to Gullah.","Can you read something for us, a short passage?","Well, why don't I read just the first few verses of the Lord's Prayer that most people are familiar with?","That would be wonderful."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Yes. We got involved and that's 25 years ago. (Actual meaning: A is referring to their participation in a project or activity that started 25 years ago.)","questions":"Which anniversary is PersonA referring to in turn 0?","answer":"25"}
{"text":["Make sure you got the right booty shorts on.","Well, it depends on the job you're applying for, I guess.","Yeah. I guess it does. No. I think you're bringing up something that's happening not only in the employment sector, but also for college admissions, and all types of things. So it's finding itself, trickling down into other areas. So the bottom line, first foremost, remember that the Internet is a public space. All right?Anything that you put up there can ultimately - I don't care if you're password protected or not. Ultimately that could be copied, found, and reposted somewhere else. So first and foremost, make sure that your content that you're revealing of yourself is something that you're comfortable with showing to a possible employer or a college admissions officer.","Secondly, use it to your advantage. Use these things like LinkedIn. You create your own blog site. Make sure that some of the discussion that is out there about you, you're controlling that. Make sure you have your own presence online. So talk about some of the extracurricular activities, your hobbies, your interests, things that you've done really, really well or you're very proud about, and take advantage of some of that. I think that's something to really take consideration of because this is a time where people are actually looking at these online sources, and you have to separate between your social life and your business life, and be able to understand how to do that in this online world."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Choosing the appropriate outfit is important for job interviews.","questions":"How does the statement in turn 1 relate to the discussion about online presence?","answer":"Outfit"}
{"text":["You bet.","OK. The rope broke in my hands.","The rope broke in my hands. I'm writing that down right now.","That's good to know I could be of some use. Dave LaBounty of \"The First Line. \"Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that Dave LaBounty is grateful for being given the opportunity to be on the show","questions":"Which character expresses gratitude in turn 3?","answer":"Dave"}
{"text":["Absolutely. This is probably one of the most consequential elections in Israel in the last 10 years, since Netanyahu has been in power.","Daniel, thanks so much.","You're welcome.","That's NPR's Daniel Estrin."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : None of the turns have implied meanings that are different from their literal meanings. They all convey their literal meanings without any hidden or implied messages.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue suggests a significant political event in Israel?","answer":"1"}
{"text":["Hudson is confident that Broadway Federal Bank won't be harmed by the recent spate of bankruptcies and bailouts. Though the bank specializes in real estate and caters to minority investors, it never got caught up in the subprime mortgage game that has become the downfall of other banks.","In order to play in that game, you had to have large volumes and small margins, which has made mortgages like commodities. So the Countrywides, the WAMUs, the big mortgage companies, you would lose your shirt trying to compete with it. So, really, the small banks had to stand on the sidelines while a lot of money was being made by churning these loans and fees, and people were making huge amounts of money, banks were very profitable, and we weren't able to participate. But now, you know, the kind of like slow and steady feels very good right now.","Now, Hudson says he's starting to get a lot more calls from people who want to put their money in Broadway Federal.","Here's what used to happen in the old days. People would only put 100,000 dollars in Broadway because they knew that was the maximum FDIC insurance. They put a million dollars in Bank of America. They figured, well, I only - because Bank of America only has the same insurance as we do, only a 100,000. So they left 900,000 dollars uninsured because they said, well, that's Bank of America. I'm only worried about Broadway. I'm not worried about Bank of America."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There is an increasing interest in investing money in Broadway Federal Bank.","questions":"What is the reason for the increased interest in Broadway Federal Bank?","answer":"Interest"}
{"text":["The other issue, of course, is there were no bonuses for Wall Street this year, or where there were, there were certainly contentions about them, and people were asked to give them back when they got them. So the extra cash that often comes through the pipeline to buy also Christmas presents, which was not there this year, was not there to buy stocks, either.","So here we are. It's December 30th. There's just a few days left to this week. Any chance that Santa might come in the last few days?","Well, unfortunately or fortunately, these are such volatile markets, who knows?I mean, in the last five to ten minutes of the market, we can see an extraordinary turn. It's sort of like watching an NBA game - it's not worth watching it until the very last few minutes to see who wins. We've seen wild fluctuations, but that said, it's not going to be anything to compensate for what's been the worst year since the 1930s.","As you mentioned, Diane, in the past, a lot of times, investors would buy stocks at this time of year with their bonuses. Maybe not so many bonuses this year. You've got the added element of the fact that some people are still concerned that they might get laid off in the future. How is that affecting how the markets might close this year?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The lack of bonuses affected stock market sales.","questions":"How did the lack of bonuses impact stock market sales?","answer":"Negatively"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, you know, I've been all over places talking about this because clearly as a scientist who understands the peer review literature and the president of the AMS, who recently released a 2012 climate change statement, I know that climate change is an issue and there are things that we need to be concerned about with human-caused climate change and the natural climate change.","But on tornados, the peer review literature is just not very mature on this right now. It's much more mature on the link between climate change and drought or heat waves or even the intensity of rainfall, and even more so as well on hurricanes in terms of the intensity of hurricanes, perhaps, increasing in the future. And if I were to cascade along that spectrum, scientific literature relating individual tornadic occurrence in climate change is very immature at this point","I think we have to be careful on that jump, although I know there's a tendency to do it. There is great deal of research ongoing right now at places like Purdue University or even by one of our doctoral students, Victo Gensini, here at the University of Georgia, looking at climate change and the type of environment that might emerge that could support, you know, tornadic storms, wind shear profiles that Jeff Trapp and others at Purdue have been doing this work as well. So that's sort of where we are, and I think we just have to be very careful on sort of causality for individual tornadic storms.","And that's where we have to leave it. Thank you for joining us today, Dr.  Shepherd."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : We have to be careful on how we link tornadic activity and other weather instances together.","questions":"What kind of research is being done at Purdue University and the University of Georgia related to climate change and tornadic storms?","answer":"Climate"}
{"text":["Man, that's a lot of stuff.","Yeah, a lot of stuff going on and it's all at our blog, nprnewsandviews. org.","Nprnewsandviews - all one word - dot org, right?","That's right."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a lot of stuff means there is a massive amount","questions":"Which phrase indicates where all the information is located?","answer":"Ourblog"}
{"text":["I joined in April 2016. And I did not get my security results until June of 2018. I spent more than two years in limbo. And that period was mind-crushing.","Yeah. And then what happened in July?","I got a call from my recruiter. And they said that I did not clear my background checks due to my foreign ties with my parents in Pakistan.","Your foreign ties - your foreign ties were the fact that you were born in Pakistan to Pakistani parents."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The fact that A's parents were from Pakistan led to their failure in background checks.","questions":"Which country were PersonA's parents from?","answer":"Pakistan"}
{"text":["Now, the netting, as I understand it, is not expensive - I mean, a scintilla of what a relief pitcher earns annually.","I think that's right, yeah.","But on the other hand, I mean, these modern stadiums that are being built want to get the fans close to the action.","Oh, absolutely. I mean, you've been very lucky as a Cubs fan. You've always had Wrigley Field, which is an intimate stadium. And that's what these new stadiums are trying to recreate. Even Yankee Stadium, if you go on their website today, Scott, they actually tout the fact that home plate is 27 feet closer than in the old Yankee Stadium."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Implied meaning: The new stadiums are trying to recreate a similar atmosphere as the old Wrigley Field which was an intimate stadium.","questions":"Which stadium is touted on the Yankee Stadium website for being closer to the home plate than its predecessor?","answer":"Yankee"}
{"text":["It's good to be here, Tony.","You know, you've been getting pretty hot under the collar about this issue, I understand. Why is it such a concern for you?","It's a concern for me because it's a misunderstanding that a lot of ex-convicts have. If you have a felony it has been in the past that often states do restrict or disenfranchise those who have a felony conviction. Those laws have changed over the years, and now in most states it's no longer the case, or there are means by which you can get your civil rights back. But a lot of people - a lot of ex-convicts or felons that I knew that ended up in my court system simply rested on the false notion that they did not have the ability to vote. And that ended and that kept them from further embracing or engaging in the community, and kept them separate, and apart, and not where they needed to be.","Is it a situation where an ex-felon is allowed - is entitled to have his or her voting rights restored, but the process by which those voting rights are restored is so cumbersome that they either don't know about it or they don't go through it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The process of restoring voting rights is too complicated and difficult for ex-felons to understand or complete.","questions":"What is the reason behind ex-convicts' misunderstanding?","answer":"Misunderstanding"}
{"text":["Yeah, kicking out all the intelligence officers, which we believe. . .",". . . And shutting their consulates.","(Unintelligible) their consulates, and we got rid of most of them. And we've seen a significant reduction in their intelligence collection here in the U. S. So the consulates were home base for that, and I think for the first time. . .","Not to get hung up on the numbers, but. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The officers were fired from their jobs abruptly and not allowed to fraternize with the people that stayed.","questions":"Which officers were abruptly fired and not allowed to fraternize?","answer":"Intelligence"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . The right forecast probably wasn't (laughter) - 'cause no one's clairvoyant, it probably wasn't that, oh, it's going to be a conservative sweep. It was probably that hey, we don't know a lot and maybe there's a 15 or 20 percent chance that somehow they can maintain their majority. So I think, you know, when I say that I think our forecast was wrong and I don't want to make excuses for it, I think the part that was wrong is the part that was too narrow in terms of the margin of error.","Yeah. I've got to tell you, Mr.  Silver, you're not giving people much of an incentive to read FiveThirtyEight seriously if you're essentially backing away from the idea that you can reach any conclusions. That's why people read you.","Sometimes the right conclusion is to say that people are too sure of themselves, right?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : B: \"you're not giving people much of an incentive to read FiveThirtyEight seriously if you're essentially backing away from the idea that you can reach any conclusions.\" The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is expressing disappointment that the speaker is backing away from the idea of being able to reach any conclusions. The implied meaning is that the speaker expects FiveThirtyEight to provide clear conclusions and not leave room for uncertainty or ambiguity.","questions":"What is the PersonA's expectation from FiveThirtyEight?","answer":"Clear"}
{"text":["Now lots of lawyers were lining up to lead the Justice Department. So why did the White House decide to go with Lynch?","First of all, she has a reputation for working well with others. She's very understated and under the radar. Another important factor for the White House I hear from sources is that she's diverse and historic. She'd be the first black woman on the job. She descends from a long line of Baptist preachers in the south. And she has a rich, rich voice and an ability to speak and communicate a message. She's also, Linda, quite noncontroversial.","So about that. What is the reaction from Republicans in the Senate?Can she be confirmed?It's kind of late in the term.","It is kind of late in the term. She's going to have a year and a half or two years to make her mark. Iowa Senator Chuck Grassley, a Republican who's in line to lead the Judiciary Committee next year, says Lynch is going to get a thorough vetting. And he's going to make sure that happens. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina, another Republican, sounded relatively positive, too, about this election. And finally, Linda, Mitch McConnell, who's going to run the Senate as majority leader starting in January, said he is willing to consider her nomination. He wants it to happen in 2015 instead of during this lame-duck session."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: \"He's going to make sure that happens.\" - The literal meaning is that Senator Chuck Grassley will ensure a thorough vetting of Lynch's nomination. The actual meaning is that Grassley may put obstacles in the way of Lynch's confirmation.","questions":"Which Senator is in line to lead the Judiciary Committee next year?","answer":"Grassley"}
{"text":["Investors are ecstatic about central bankers working there. Listen to this, the German DAX Index up about 10 percent, the French CAC 40, up more than nine percent. Now, they are both measures like the Dow 30, which on Wall Street jumped 500 points in the morning.","In Britain, Prime Minister Gordon Brown put $65 billion of government money into three British banks. NPR's Rod Gifford is in London. We're going to him. Rob, hello. I think that people are saying it is this British plan, the so-called British plan that seems to be may be spurring a little bit of a recovery around the world. What is the British government doing, and what does it want in return?","Well, as you say, Alex, Gordon Brown is getting a lot of kudos from this, because he was the one who put this plan forward last week. What they're doing, as you say, is to put a lot of government money that is taxpayer's money, $65 billion worth of it, into three British banks into order to - they hope - free up the bank to bank lending, and the whole crisis of confidence that has struck British banks as it has done elsewhere.","In return - some very important conditions they want in return. Right upfront, leaders of these banks that have got into trouble must step down. Bonuses are being frozen for other executives who stay on and crucially, the demand that these banks maintain mortgage lending and small-business lending at 2007 levels, levels of last year."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The government is demanding that the banks that received the bailout maintain mortgage lending and small-business lending at the levels of last year while also requiring leaders of these banks to step down and freezing bonuses for executives who stay.","questions":"What conditions must the banks that received the bailout meet?","answer":"Mortgage"}
{"text":["Because presidents that are about to be removed from office see the writing on the wall. Richard Nixon had a very good sense of his waning support in the Senate. And when he saw it collapse, he realized that if he hung on, he would be removed, and he would lose his presidential pension.","Interesting. So one of the complaints that President Trump is making and that his supporters are making is that this is a purely partisan process. Has that complaint been made before?Is that what people normally say?Or is there something about this particular circumstance that's different?","The reason that impeachment was kept on the shelf for over a hundred years after the Johnson impeachment process was that it was viewed by all sides in the American political community as highly partisan. But it doesn't always have to be the case. And in the Nixon era - a period when I think we saw a model impeachment process - the democratic leadership bent over backwards to make the process as bipartisan as possible.","We keep hearing all kinds of comments from - particularly from former Republican members about what members of their caucus say privately. But there's no way to know how to evaluate that. We do know that publicly, the Republicans are insisting that this is partisan. The Democrats are insisting that no, it isn't. It's a constitutional matter. Do you see from where you sit a way to bridge this difference of perspective?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the democrats did everything they could to make it look bipartisan.","questions":"How did the democratic leadership approach the impeachment process during Nixon's era?","answer":"Bipartisan"}
{"text":["Are there any good reasons to use this?","There is a separate group here working on storing data in DNA. It turns out that DNA is really robust for long-term storage, whereas, you know, hard drives may die after a few years. You can conceivably store data in DNA for hundreds or thousands of years. And as long as life continues to be based on DNA, we'll always have a reason to read and write DNA. So it's sort of a technology that won't go obsolete.","So, I mean, we underscored the aspect of some kind of mischief or outright miscreants. But I wonder, you know, a few years from now, instead of having hard drives or storage systems, will people just carry around that information in themselves, in their DNA?","I'm not sure that people will carry around that information within them. But I do believe people will start using DNA for sort of long-term storage. So accessing data from DNA and putting data into DNA is a pretty slow process. And so you'll want to, you know, archive photos in there and things like that. But you won't want to use it for your day-to-day tasks, at least not for the foreseeable future."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The question suggests that the use of DNA for data storage might be beneficial.","questions":"Which technology is being discussed for long-term data storage in turn 1?","answer":"DNA"}
{"text":["Well, you know, just like I said, be careful what you wish for, because it may come true.","Yeah.","So now, with the explosion in great technology in genetics, we're getting a whole bunch of candidate genes. And then through other genetic studies and comparisons between groups around the world, we can see which ones seem to light up for multiple groups, although it can be different in different populations.","Yeah. There are some - how shall we say - unorthodox treatment ideas, are there not, like infesting patients with worms for treatment?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There are unorthodox treatment ideas, such as infesting patients with worms, which may seem strange but have been found to be effective","questions":"Which treatment idea has been found to be effective?","answer":"Technology."}
{"text":["What do you think - if this decision is permanent, what do you think the U. S.  will miss by not being a member of UNESCO?","Oh, I think the U. S.  will miss a lot. It's a big loss for the United Nations family because we are part of this family. It is a big role for multilateralism. But I believe it is also a loss for the U. S.","Irina Bokova is director general of UNESCO. Thanks so much for joining us.","Thank you very much for inviting me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker believes that the U.S. will suffer from the consequences of withdrawing from UNESCO, both on a global and a national level. ","questions":"What will the U.S. miss by not being a member of UNESCO? (Answer: \"a lot\")","answer":"UNESCO"}
{"text":["Sure.","We are always so grateful when you come on this show. I got to tell you - we got a lot of noes from Republicans who didn't want to come on this show and talk about gun policy, except, you know, maybe they'll go on Fox News. If the Republicans are proud of their record on guns, why not be interviewed about it?","Well, I can't speak for all of my colleagues on this. I mean, we obviously have a very serious violence problem in the country and particularly a firearm violence issue. And that - you know, we must address it. That said, we also have to respect the rights of people who own. . .","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) Implies that while the issue of violence and firearm violence must be addressed, the rights of gun owners should be respected as well.","questions":"What issue must be addressed while respecting the rights of gun owners?","answer":"violence"}
{"text":["From the studios of NPR West, this is Day to Day. I'm Alex Cohen. Scrapping the car czar. President Obama has chosen not to appoint one person to oversee the restructuring of the troubled auto industry. For more on why the president is switching gears we're joined now by Justin Hyde of the Detroit Free Press. And Justin, why did President Obama decide to get rid of this car czar position?","Well, it's becoming clear that the auto industry is probably going to have too many problems for just one person to handle. GM and Chrysler are going to be submitting plans to the administration tomorrow to explain how they deserve the 17. 4 billion that the government has lent them and whether they might be able to receive even more aid in the future.","The Obama administration has several very tough questions to answer about the future of this industry and hundreds of thousands of jobs that are tied into it. It's just going to take more work than one person can give.","So in lieu of a car czar, there will be this Presidential Task Force on Autos. Who will be heading up that group?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Who will be heading up that group\" means who is going to be the leader of that group.","questions":"What does \"Who will be heading up that group?\" mean?","answer":"Leader"}
{"text":["Mr.  O'HARROW: No one seems to know exactly how much money will be spent through contracts, but it's going to be a considerable amount. When you hand out money quickly without setting up good terms of contracts and without having mechanisms to follow the money as it's spent to ensure that taxpayers get what they're paying for, you're going to have waste, and that's going to be what you'll get at best. At worst you'll have fraud and corruption.","Now, the Democrats who are in charge of this bill, some of whom have written this bill like David Obey, chair of the House Appropriations Committee, says we have a lot of monitoring built into this bill, and even so, we need to act very, very quickly because this is an emergency.","We've got more oversight built into this package than any package in the history of man. If money is spent badly, we want to know about it so we can hold accountable the people who made that choice. And guess what. Regardless of what we do, there will be some stupid decisions made.","David Obey, chair of the House Appropriations Committee. Well, Robert O'Harrow of the Washington Post, what do you say to that?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Handing out money quickly without good contract terms and mechanisms to follow the money will lead to waste, fraud, and corruption","questions":"What will be the result of handing out money quickly without good contract terms and mechanisms to follow the money?","answer":"waste"}
{"text":["They have indeed. They've been subject to very serious, tough sanctions in the past not just from the United States but from the entire international community. That's involved restrictions on their energy sector, their banking sector and an array of other economic sectors.","How have they gotten around them?","Well, in some instances, they haven't been able to. So during the period of most intensive, multilateral sanctions on Iran - this is 2012 to 2015 - they had great difficulty evading sanctions. It happened here and there, certainly when it came to sales of oil, certain cargoes or bartering - financial bartering - some smuggling activities. But the fear now is that, in an instance where there's unilateral sanctions on Iran, it may have ample opportunity to cheat and evade these sanctions.","Unilateral meaning, of course, just the United States. So it'll be tougher for the sanctions to have any effect if, for example, China or Russia and, let's say, Germany don't go along.","Right, exactly. So right now the European Union, in general, and the E3, in particular, have - that being the United Kingdom, France and Germany - have expressed an interest in maintaining their commitment to the deal. And that means continuing to give Iran economic relief promised to it under the deal. That means potentially violating U. S.  sanctions or creating ways for European companies to not abide by U. S.  sanctions.","And how does the U. S.  respond, at least under this administration?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : European countries may violate US sanctions or find ways for their companies to not abide by them to maintain their commitment to the Iran deal.","questions":"What is the potential violation of the European countries?","answer":"Violation"}
{"text":["And now we're going to move from talking with mental health experts to someone who has lived addiction. Jonny W.  lost almost everything to a gambling addiction. Thank you for coming in and being with us.","Thank you for having me here today.","Well, you know, let's start at the beginning. When did you start gambling?","Mr.  W. : Well, I started at the ripe old age of about 12-years-old. And at that particular time, it was just a matter of fun and hanging out with my friends."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Gambling was just a fun activity with friends at age 12.","questions":"How did Jonny W. view gambling at the age of 12?","answer":"Fun"}
{"text":["Not a big deal.","It wasn't bothering me, but why not treat it?That's where the trouble began.","So she didn't know the cost of the medication, right?","No. She didn't ask, and the physician assistant didn't tell. So the PA calls in the prescription to a mail-order pharmacy. The mail-order pharmacy calls Anne to say, what's your insurance?She tells them she has really good insurance, and she has a health savings account or health reimbursement account to cover all of those medical costs that her insurance doesn't cover."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The situation worsened after trying to treat it","questions":"What happened after trying to treat it?","answer":"worsened"}
{"text":["You and your fellow Democrat Peter Welch gave the president a proposal that would allow the government to use the leverage of Medicare to try to negotiate lower prices with drug manufacturers. Let me ask you a question from the Democratic primary. If that was such a great idea, why didn't the Democrats do it themselves when they controlled Congress in 2010 and passed the Affordable Care Act?","That's a great question. What happened back then is I think President Obama was trying to get the deal through. And as you know, we got very little, if any, cooperation from the Republicans. And I think that this was. . .","Well - but you had the votes in your own party to make this a part of the legislation.","Yeah, but, Scott, you know that that doesn't always work that way. It's not that simple because we had a lot of blue dogs. We had people who - Democrats who really didn't even want to go along with the Affordable Care Act. And so there was a lot of compromise there. And part of the compromise was to work through a deal where the prices of Medicare Part B - that is the prescription - drug prices would not be negotiated. I was against that because I thought that we were - I thought that we were bulk purchasing. And as most bulk purchases do, you're usually able to get a discount. But that was a part of the deal to get through the Affordable Care Act, and that's one of the reasons why I think you had a lot of Democrats who were concerned about the act even back then."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : turn is to challenge the idea that the proposal was a great idea in the first place.","questions":"How did turn 2 challenge the proposal?","answer":"challenge"}
{"text":[". . . Or the Weinstein sexual scandals or, you know, the shooting in Texas. I mean, it's just, like - it's a continual thing of these events that are just rocking people's lives. And I used to just be a viewer. And I used to just kind of go from one event to another. And now I'm stuck in one of those events because I could list all the things that we've done as a family and all the things - I mean, just like soccer practices. And I haven't missed a day of work. And booster meetings. And we've gone to our dentist appointments and our doctor's appointments. But I still feel like it's day one.","Investigators, as we speak, still haven't come up with anything resembling a motive that we know about.","What bothers me more than the motive or lack of motive is lack of information. Whenever we get a little tidbit of something, we just jump on it because we just have a desire to know. Like, the first week after it happened, I was obsessed with, like, my escape route. Like, I was just looking at Google images, pictures of the event. Like, where did I go?And then my next thing was, I want to know where the shooter went, where he came from. I wanted to see him walking into the hotel, walking out of the hotel. And they haven't released any of that.","Why do you want to see that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker is not asking why the person wants to see the shooter walking into and out of the hotel, but instead is asking why the person is so interested in getting information about the event in general.","questions":"How does the speaker interpret PersonB's question?","answer":"Interest"}
{"text":["We were sure supposed to. Somewhere along the line things, sort of, broke down and it's obviously disturbing that we haven't come as far as we thought in that time.","As you looked at what happened before the attack in Benghazi, what do you think are the important lessons to be taken away there?","You know, I think that right now it's hard to tell what the lessons are because there's no clear chain of accountability or decision making. The first question you ask yourself is who is in charge of this thing?You had a mission - a State Department mission on the ground.","Theoretically everyone in that mission, including that special operations team that supposedly could've reacted to this thing was working for the head of mission, which in this case was a deputy chief of mission since the ambassador was the individual involved. And it's unclear to me even at this point if he had the authority to launch that special operations team or whether someone outside that chain of command and Department of Defense or Southern Command, or pardon me, in Special Operations Command, you know, overruled that. And it's never become obvious to me what that chain of command was. And it seemed to me that would be one of the first questions the congressional people are asking - doing the inquiries should've been asking."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The line did not break but somewhere in time things got worse.","questions":"Which word describes the state of progress before the line broke down?","answer":"Far"}
{"text":["Mr.  Zandi, you served as an adviser for Senator John McCain's presidential campaign, and now you've been working with the Democrats in leadership. I'm wondering, what sort of advice are you giving them for how to get out of this situation?","Well, I think the most important thing is that government policy needs to be very aggressive. We need a concerted, comprehensive, and consistent response to our economic problems. The crisis is very severe and significant. And without such a response, we're going to be in the economic soup, so to speak, for a long time to come.","And specifically - I'm sure there's many things you've suggested - could you give us a couple of highlights of concrete plans?","Well, the thing that's on the drawing board right now is the economic stimulus plan, and I think we do need a very large plan that would include increases in government spending and tax cuts.","To add to this troubled economy, we now have the latest unemployment figures out this morning from major metropolitan areas. Here's how they look. In November 2007, 18 areas reported jobless rates of at least seven percent. In November 2008, that number jumped to 121. Which areas have seen the highest unemployment rate?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : not a physical drawing board or easel, but the most important thing on an agenda or plan; not a physically big-in-size plan, but a plan with many elements or parts to it","questions":"Which word describes the type of plan that PersonA is referring to in turn 3?","answer":"Comprehensive"}
{"text":["But your hands were cold?","Very cold.","That decision to try to turn around, you thought you could have summitted, but you might have endangered your hands?","I know I could have summitted. Yes, however - yes, I wasn't willing to lose my fingers or a tip of a finger, even, for the summit of K2."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The decision to turn back was a difficult one, but it was the right decision to protect your hands from potential damage.","questions":"Which body part did PersonA want to protect when making the decision to turn back?","answer":"Hands"}
{"text":["Here's another example - property buyouts. So the federal government will sometimes buy properties with federal and local money after a disaster, like floods. And the land gets turned into permanent green space. And in the future, no other homes or businesses or potential lives will be lost there. That's the point of the buyout.","So if they're buying out property, you have to be a property owner to benefit from that. And people with more wealth are generally more often property owners. Is that how this is working?","Mm-hmm. And there have been barriers to property ownership in the U. S.  for various people, various racial groups, as well.","Sure."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  Similarly, \"Sure\" is used as a casual affirmation or agreement in this context, indicating B's acceptance of what A just said. Its actual meaning is an informal way of expressing agreement or understanding, rather than its literal interpretation.","questions":"What word did PersonB use to express their casual affirmation or agreement with PersonA's statement in turn 3?","answer":"Sure"}
{"text":["That's right. In the last few years where, as a fugitive, when he was living in Belgrade, he eked out this living as a new age guru. He grew a big bushy white beard, had glasses, had a top knot at the top of his head tied up with a black ribbon. He presented this rather remarkable monk-like figure and, as you say, hid in plain sight. He was often at seminars and conferences about alternative medicine.","He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  Implied meaning: Radovan Karodzic was a war criminal but no one in the bar recognized him as such.","questions":"What was the name of the Balkan fiddle Radovan Karodzic played at the local bar?","answer":"Gusle"}
{"text":["That was the timeline that the president laid out today.","That's correct. Yeah. So it's a pretty tight time schedule in which they'll need to do a lot of development. I mean, there's nothing there. The area where they're going to develop the city is a protected forest. But there is not much infrastructure, apart from one highway that runs through it. So everything needs to be developed from scratch, which is going to be a massive challenge.","That is Erik Meijaard of the environmental consulting firm Borneo Futures. Erik Meijaard, thanks for talking to us.","Thank you very much."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The development of the city will be very difficult due to the lack of infrastructure.","questions":"What is the main obstacle for the development of the city?","answer":"Infrastructure"}
{"text":["Well, that would be an interesting question. Right now, we make a decision. We say we're going to harden particular targets to make them difficult for terrorists to attack. So yes, terrorists do act rationally and choose another target - they choose a less hardened target. The question is whether it could respond very rapidly to changing information.","Large terror attacks take a lot of work and a lot of planning. And if the market predicted a high probability of an attack in a particular place, it's not as though it's a trivial matter for a terror group to suddenly switch all of its resources to another place. I'm not suggesting this would work. It would be a tool that would be used alongside other tools. And I'm just suggesting an experiment to see if it can improve the accuracy of intelligence forecast.","And what do you say to those people who say - my God, this is hideous?It's blood money.","It is hideous in a sense. It is. There's no question. I share the revulsion of people who say - but people shouldn't profit from this. On the other hand, if allowing people to profit from this, from making these predictions, improved our ability to predict, then it might be something worth trying because of the lives it would save on the other side."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) A: Large terror attacks take a lot of work and a lot of planning. And if the market predicted a high probability of an attack in a particular place, it's not as though it's a trivial matter for a terror group to suddenly switch all of its resources to another place. I'm not suggesting this would work. It would be a tool that would be used alongside other tools. And I'm just suggesting an experiment to see if it can improve the accuracy of intelligence forecast.","questions":"Which type of attacks does the speaker suggest using a market prediction experiment to improve intelligence forecast for?","answer":"Terror"}
{"text":["Yeah?","But that was one that you know, through all the red tape, it actually made it to the record.","So, from an audience standpoint, Miles Davis, it was crazy to see him in the '80s. You know, back to the audience, head down, blow a couple of notes, walk off stage for half hour and come back. What was it like working with him during that time?","Well, during the '80s I think he was passed that. I think it was more like that in the '60s. In the '80s, he was very open. I mean, he was a good friend to me. I spent a lot of personal time with him, you know, at his house and just chatting, and he would paint, you know, and we would just hang out, man. I spent a lot of quality time with him, you know.","You also are into blues, obviously. \"The Good Girl Blues\" that was the last CD. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Discussing the difficulties to get something done despite bureaucracy","questions":"What was the record about?","answer":"b"}
{"text":["Absolutely not. In fact, the art world has been so distracted by ridiculously obscenely high prices that mainly the only art that people are even aware of is art that costs a lot of money. There's a strange exception around Basquiat. No artist of color has ever entered this kind of pantheon of, you know, Picasso, Van Gogh, all of the rest whose work does sometimes sell for over $100 million.","So you know what?I have to make a strange exception to my rule, that in this case, I kind of love that Jean-Michel Basquiat has entered that and broken that barrier. More power to women, more power to artists of color. These lives do matter, and they're going to continue to matter.","Jerry Saltz, senior art critic of New York magazine, and he joined us from New York. Thank you so much.","Thank you. It was a pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"the art world has been so distracted by ridiculously obscenely high prices\" - The actual meaning of this turn is not that the art world is physically distracted, but rather that the focus and attention of the art world have been diverted by high prices.","questions":"How has the art world been distracted?","answer":"Prices"}
{"text":["So your position would be that your dean of students would be there, even if there were some Oberlin students who decided to have a Make America Great rally.","Absolutely. The content of the speech isn't relevant. And she's supposed to be a liaison to the police. And, in fact, the police contacted her staff to talk about this particular protest as it was happening. So it wouldn't matter whether they were there for a Make America Great rally or whether they were there to talk about some progressive cause. The content of the speech is not why we're there. It's there to be able to protect the community and to make it a lawful protest.","Racism is an ugly charge. Can you see why the Gibsons were upset by it?","Oh, absolutely. I - absolutely. If you're called a name that you don't believe is true, then I can absolutely see why the Gibsons were upset."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Gibsons were upset because they were called a name they believed was untrue","questions":"What was the reason for the Gibsons' upset?","answer":"false"}
{"text":["Anna Sommer Schneider is a professor of Jewish civilization at Georgetown. This past week, the country's president signed a law that would punish anyone who suggests Poland was complicit in the Holocaust. Critics, including Israel and the U. S.  State Department, say the law will stifle discussion about those atrocities and cover up the role of Poles who killed or denounced Jews during World War II. For Schneider, this debate is personal. In 1977, she was born in the same town as Poland's most infamous concentration camp.","Despite the fact that I was born and raised literally in the shadows of the gas chambers, there was very little information available for me at that time - what Auschwitz really was.","Auschwitz was a taboo topic in her family. And the word Holocaust was not widely used in communist Poland. But as Schneider grew older, she wanted to learn more about what had happened during the war. She got her Ph. D.  in Jewish studies, eventually converted to Judaism. And for the last two decades, she's given tours of Auschwitz. She tells me even today, people see Jews in Poland as others, highlighting a long history of anti-Semitism in the country.","When we teach about Holocaust in Polish classrooms today, we often talk about Jews as strangers who lived in our country."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Jews are still seen as outsiders in Poland due to a history of anti-Semitism.","questions":"Which group is seen as outsiders in Poland due to a history of anti-Semitism?","answer":"Jews"}
{"text":["What would be risky about it, from the Nicolas Maduro point of view?","Well, there'd certainly be retaliatory measures from the U. S. , very likely more sanctions. There would be a massive outcry from Guaido's dozens of other international allies. The EU's warned that this would be a major escalation in tensions. And there'll be a lot of anger from the multitude of Guaido's supporters here in Venezuela.","Guaido himself says that any attempt by Maduro's government to detain him would be - as he put it - without doubt, one of that government's last mistakes. So we don't know, Steve. I mean, it's not clear that Maduro's concluded that he's in a strong enough position to do this. But it is a possibility.","And I guess we don't know if Guaido intends to go to a border crossing and present his passport or if he intends to sneak in some way. Is it known what path he plans to take?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"one of that government's last mistakes\" - This is a figurative expression, meaning that detaining Guaido would have serious consequences for Maduro's government, potentially leading to its downfall.","questions":"What would be the potential consequence of detaining Guaido according to the figurative expression used in turn 2?","answer":"Consequences"}
{"text":["What motives him is he actually has recently discovered that he has a civilizational mission. He wants a Russia that will become the traditional values capital of the world, that would hold back Western encroachment. This is what he sees happening in Ukraine. He's carrying out his historical mission. A subtext of it is also recreating the Soviet Union and sort of gathering Russian lands, but that's not even the most important part at this point. The most important part is that he thinks that Russia has a unique place in the world and a unique civilization to protect.","Is there a particular political ideology here or would you say rather a conservative moralistic anti-Western ideology that's driving his actions?","That's exactly right. It's a conservative, moralistic anti-Western ideology. It is mostly based on negatives. There's very little that he can say in the affirmative except for the very vague notion of traditional orthodox culture. But the negatives are actually effective in mobilizing a population, in creating a sense of fear and imminent danger.","Has he been persuasive, do you think, internally, with his arguments that what he's basically doing is protecting Russian interests and people?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : In these turns, the speakers are discussing the implications and deeper meanings behind the actions and ideologies of the person they are talking about. They are not merely discussing the literal surface-level interpretations, but rather the underlying motives, strategies, and persuasive effects of those actions and ideologies.","questions":"Which aspect of the person's actions and ideologies are the speakers discussing in turns 1 and 2?","answer":"Ideologies"}
{"text":["My mother had a friend I called David in the essay. And he was a funny, charming man. And he always had clients around. He found them out of the state so they would live with him while they were going on auditions. And they seemed to have a lot of shirtless pictures of them around framed. That seemed to be the greatest bit of work that they did - were these shirtless pictures.","And each year, these boys would come and go, and they'd be between the ages of 12 and 16. And there was this feeling that my mother and I would sort of talk around. Is this weird?This is weird, right?No. No, it's David. It can't be weird. And I think there are a lot of people in Los Angeles dealing with that right now of people they have held in their heads where there's a little bit of a galvanic skin-crawly thing, but they also like this person.","Course, your article appeared as Anthony Rapp come forward with his charges against Kevin Spacey. Been a few more Kevin Spacey stories that have also come out since then. Without trying to judge the veracity of each and every story, what's the mix of ambition and vulnerability that makes child actors prey?","The same thing which puts women at risk in the business, which is economics. For children, there is a small window of opportunity in which a career is going to happen. You are not a child indefinitely. That makes people ripe for abuse."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) \"What's the mix of ambition and vulnerability that makes child actors prey?\" - The speaker is not actually asking for a mix of qualities that make child actors vulnerable, but rather pointing out that child actors are often vulnerable to abuse and questioning the underlying factors that contribute to this vulnerability.","questions":"What is the underlying reason for the vulnerability of child actors to abuse?","answer":"Opportunity"}
{"text":["What does it mean to have a populist party and right-wing party win the parliamentary majority?","Oh, it's a very simple answer to a difficult question. We don't know. It's an experiment, not only for Italy, for the whole of Europe. I mean, for Italy today, June the Second is like the 14th of July in the United States. It's our birthday. The Italian Republic was born 72 years ago in 1946, and we never had anything like that. You know, the 5-Star are closer with sort of South American populist movement.","Yeah.","You know, you have good and bad over there. And the Northern League is a right-wing party. What will they do together?I don't know. I wish them luck."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The outcome of the parliamentary election is uncertain, and it is difficult to predict what will happen next","questions":"What is the level of predictability for the outcome of the parliamentary election?","answer":"Uncertain"}
{"text":["So why do you think people should care about this?And. . .","(Laughter).",". . . Apologies for being trite about it. But. . .","Yeah, I know."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A finds something amusing but doesn't want to explain why.","questions":"What was PersonA's response to PersonB's question?","answer":"Laughter"}
{"text":["Good.","They did have generators working, as did the airports. Now, officials are saying that this was a failure in the grid's interconnection system, which happened in the northeast, between two big installations there, and then triggered this unprecedented chain reaction. They don't think, by the way, that this was a cyberattack or any other kind of sabotage. But they don't exactly know what happened yet. They say it could be a couple of weeks before they do. We do know, though, that the grid and the infrastructure is not in good shape.","How are people responding to this odd Sunday?","Well, they're very angry, obviously. I mean, in Argentina, they're already facing really very hard times. Inflation there is among the highest in the world. The economy is - you know, they've got this boom-and-bust economy that's right now in such a mess that the government very controversially decided to sign on to this huge $56 billion IMF bailout. There are strikes and protests over President Mauricio Macri's austerity program, regularly."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A takes credit for an idea, but it was a collaborative effort","questions":"What idea did PersonA take credit for?","answer":"Power-grid-failure"}
{"text":["My parents are living in Northern Virginia right now.","They've had a hard time too - or anxious time, I should say.","Not as anxious as I have been mainly because they're very confident that if something happens, then something better is going to happen.","What would something better be?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is less confident than their parents about the future.","questions":"Which speaker is less confident?","answer":"Speaker"}
{"text":["So tell us why. Why is it that some parts of the country are so twister prone?","Yeah. Well, the United States itself, we have this dubious honor of sitting right in the collision zone between really cold air masses coming down from Canada and moist, warm air that comes up from the Gulf of Mexico. And so the well-known Tornado Alley is a convergence zone, couple that with the position of jet stream and other factors that we as meteorologists look for, a dry, mid-layer or wind sheer, and you have the perfect ingredients for tornadoes.","Most tornadoes affect the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. And in fact, there is another alley we call Dixie Alley because if you look at a map of climatological occurrence of tornadoes, there are areas in the South as well that seemed to get quite a few tornadoes. But certainly this region, as you were leading into the story, was an area that we would've expected tornadoes for May 20th based on climatology.","Well, let's talk about the forecasting because one of the amazing parts of sort of science of this story was that hours before, the National Weather Service locally issued a warning that there might be a tornado. And it was pretty spot-on, it sounded like."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Tornado Alley is the area of the country that has the most tornadoes.","questions":"How is the convergence zone in Tornado Alley formed?","answer":"Tornado"}
{"text":["I think that teenagers - I mean, some were very passionately involved in this. And, you know, teachers do feel things very passionately. It's why they're such a great audience to write for. But others are getting a little bit fed up because these controversies within YA, especially, are dominated by adults, and they're led by adults. So the teens are starting to kind of push back a little bit and saying, you know, this community is supposed to be for us, and you guys are messing it up.","(Laughter) As adults often do mess up things, don't we?","It's true. We ruin everything.","Kat Rosenfield, her article \"The Toxic Drama On YA Twitter\" is on Vulture. com. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you for having me."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Suggesting that adults are often responsible for causing problems.","questions":"How do adults often impact things?","answer":"Problems"}
{"text":["And one alternative for officials looking to monitor nonviolent offenders as they await trial are electronic monitoring devices - ankle bracelets. But according to a report in The New York Times, ankle monitors are often provided by private companies that can charge large fees for their services. In fact, defendants are often left to foot the bill - up to $10 a day. If they don't pay up or miss payments, they may end up behind bars anyway.","We wanted to talk about this, so we've called Blake Strode, executive director of ArchCity Defenders. They're one of the civil rights groups that brought a class-action lawsuit against the city of St.  Louis, which led to this week's cash bail changes. Blake Strode, welcome. Thanks so much for talking to us.","Thank you. Thanks for having me.","So, first, would you just tell us the two big changes that the Missouri Supreme Court ruling is supposed to bring about?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are lot literally bracelets, which are a form of jewellery, they are just known as such ","questions":"Which monitoring devices are often provided by private companies and can charge large fees for their services according to a report in The New York Times?","answer":"Anklemonitors"}
{"text":["We're talking with Stephen Sestanovich, George F.  Kennan senior fellow for Russian and Eurasian studies at the Council on Foreign Relations. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. And Russia also faces some serious demographic issues, a dwindling population. The future does not look as rosy as it might have.","The demographic issue has been one that's preoccupied the Russian leadership for some years. There are moments where they seem to think that they - there's been an upturn in the birth rate. But broadly speaking, they're looking at a decline in the population of, you know, starting a decade or so ago, the population has dropped seven or eight million since the Soviet Union collapsed.","And we talked about the future with Vladimir Putin. What about the forgotten man, if you will, the interregnum president, Dmitry Medvedev?","Well, he is an interesting figure in Russian politics. A lot of people joke about him now. He's, well, humiliated really by what Putin did to him in taking his job away and saying, you know, let me drive now. The question is whether Medvedev, who is now going to be given the job of prime minister, will have any real clout in the ability to pursue the agenda that he has tried to make his own over the past four years, which is modernization, reform, ending corruption, reducing the role of the economy - of the state in the economy. Will he stick with those issues?Will he be able to push them through or will he just be a flunky of Putin?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Russia's population has been decreasing since the Soviet Union collapsed.","questions":"How has Russia's population changed since the collapse of the Soviet Union?","answer":"Decreasing"}
{"text":["People go armed with treats and halters, and so they're able to catch them. And, you know, mostly, if you're calm, the horses stay calm.","Horses eat a lot, don't they?How do you care for every one?","Sure thing. Well, many of us were able to grab hay and some supplies as we were evacuating our barn. So we came with food and some items in hand. But the local seed stores have been donating all kinds of hay and shavings and pellets. So we have had, again, tremendous support from the local community, making sure that every horse here is fed.","Can you smell the smoke, see the fire?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker is suggesting that if people remain calm, then the horses will remain calm as well.","questions":"Which animals can remain calm if people remain calm around them?","answer":"Horses"}
{"text":["So Flame has - so far they've found about 20 modules that can be swapped in and out, and they do everything from turning on the internal microphone and webcam on your computer, this way that they could record conversations that you have over Skype or conversations that you have in the room, in the vicinity of the computer.","It takes screenshots of your communications. They seem particularly interested in any email communications or instant messaging communication that you do. It also turns your computer into a Bluetooth beacon. So if you have Bluetooth enabled on your computer, they will turn that on and do a discovery for other Bluetooth-enabled devices in the vicinity, such as a phone, and they will use your computer to then siphon the contact information that is in any phone in the area.","Wow. Wow.","Why all those things?I mean, what's the reason for that?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"What's the reason for that?\" is a literal question that means what is the motive or purpose behind the actions described in the previous turns, and its actual meaning is the same as its literal meaning.","questions":"How would you describe the motive behind the actions in the previous turns? (Answer: Purposefully)","answer":"Purpose"}
{"text":["Saudi Arabia's changing explanations over what really happened to Jamal Khashoggi culminated this week with Saudi prosecutors saying that Turkish evidence shows his killing was premeditated. How could this affect the relationship between the United States, Saudi Arabia and its crown prince, Mohammed bin Salman, or MBS as he's known?We're joined now by Robin Wright, a distinguished scholar at the Wilson Center and contributing writer for The New Yorker. Robin, thanks so much for being with us.","Great to be with you, Scott.","And let's begin with the crown prince. Is it possible he would lose power over the Khashoggi affair?","Well, there are four different options. One is that he stays in power, that the international furor eventually settles down, and he manages - kind of orchestrates his ability to stay on the throne. He is the de facto leader in Saudi Arabia because his father is aged and ailing. The second scenario is that he is replaced as crown prince, and there is precedent for that. Over the last three years, two other crown princes have been pushed aside in part to make room for him. There's a third option - that his powers are weakened, that the king appoints others in the royal family to assume some of the roles that MBS has managed to accumulate in his office over the last year and a half. And the fourth is that there's a kind of physical challenge as there was to King Faisal back in 1975."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There are four possible scenarios for the crown prince's future in Saudi Arabia.","questions":"How many scenarios are there for the crown prince's future in Saudi Arabia?","answer":"four"}
{"text":["So, this isn't someone who is just - and forgive a homey analogy for our listeners - this isn't someone who is just the Michael Jordan of Indian cricket. This is somebody who is the Michael Jordan times five, six or ten.","Probably yes, exactly. All - the Babe Ruth, Mickey Mantle, Lou Gehrig all combined. I don't know which other icons to come with from which sport that Americans relate to. And he somehow managed to be uncontaminated by scandal, by controversy in a sport that's been laden with examples of both. And his rise, in a sense, became tied up with or almost emblematic of India's own rise to ascension on the world stage. When Sachin Tendulkar made his debut for India in 1989 at the age of 16, India was still a developing country, a poor country, one with lots of problems, a semi-closed economy, that still called itself socialist. All of these problems. And then India liberalized in 1991 with the end of the Cold War and the major change in financial calculations and political philosophy in the country, and that coincided with Sachin's rise. So, India rose and Sachin rose, and he leaves just as our economy has also begun to tank a bit over the last year or two.","Shashi, what happens to a star of this magnitude in the retirement?Any idea?","Well, amusingly enough, my government nominated him to our Upper House. We have an Upper House that's weaker than your Senate.","You know, Shashi, let me simply interject: very few things are weaker than our Senate at the moment, but go ahead."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  Has my government nominated Sachin Tendulkar to our Upper House?","questions":"Which house did Shashi's government nominate Sachin Tendulkar to?","answer":"Upper"}
{"text":["And from New York, Serena Blanchard, as in: From Serena, 1988. Thank you for being with us.","Thank you for having me.","Now, Ms.  Blanchard, you were only 8. So how did you wind up getting cited in this eminent textbook?","I wanted to write a poem for my father's book. I wanted to write an introduction. Apparently, he was looking for some form of dedication page. So I was tying my shoe one day, and I came up with a poem, and I offered it to my father and to Stan. But I think Dad can probably explain the rest from there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) B: Now, Ms. Blanchard, you were only 8. So how did you wind up getting cited in this eminent textbook?  The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking how an 8-year-old got cited in a textbook. However, the implied meaning could be that the speaker is curious about the circumstances that led to this unexpected accomplishment, or that the speaker is impressed by the achievement and wants to know more about it.","questions":"Which book?","answer":"Book"}
{"text":["Let's clear this up immediately: blonde, lithe, the initials V. P. So, is Vanessa Pierson Valerie Plame?","The great thing about fiction is that you can fix things and make things better. I think Vanessa is a smarter version of where I was. And it's definitely informed by my experiences in the CIA.","Well, that raises another question. So, did you take some top-secret operation and just thinly fictionalize it to this book and, you know, are. . .",". . . are there Russian agents reading this now and saying, oh, this is what we were looking for?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Well, that raises another question.So, did you take some top-secret operation and just thinly fictionalize it to this book and, you know, are... The implied meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking if the author took a real, top-secret operation and used it as the basis of their fictional book, and whether it might be recognizable to Russian agents.","questions":"How recognizable is the top-secret operation to Russian agents?","answer":"recognizable"}
{"text":["I haven't talked to him in years.","(Laughter).","Well, you know, Ron Paul - you know, he's got some oddness in his closet. But, you know, compared to Hillary Clinton or Jeb Bush, Rand Paul has, like, the greatest situation in terms of family members lingering around the campaign in a lot of ways. You know, his foreign policy is distinct from his father's. Many of his economic policies are distinct. He needs to expound on what is his governing philosophy and why does restraint in foreign policy also mean restraint in domestic affairs?And why are those both good things?","As you survey the political landscape on issues like privacy or foreign policy, do you see traces of libertarian success?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"oddness in his closet\" - This phrase is a figurative expression meaning that Ron Paul has some controversial or potentially damaging aspects of his personal life or history that could be problematic for him politically. It does not refer to a literal closet or physical space.","questions":"Which phrase is a figurative expression referring to Ron Paul's potentially damaging aspects of his personal life or history?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["We'd like to talk about the economy now. With a campaign for the upcoming presidential election already underway, you can expect the state of the economy to get a lot of attention. And one of the tools economists use to predict whether a recession is coming is the yield curve, so we want to tell you what that is and why it matters.","We've called Campbell Harvey for that. He's a professor of finance at the Fuqua School of Business at Duke University, and he was the first to demonstrate that the yield curve can predict a recession. Professor Harvey also says he only considers the indicator definitive if the inverted yield curve lasts for an entire quarter. And, well, the quarter ends today, so here to give us his thoughts about what's to come is professor Campbell Harvey.","Welcome. Thank you so much for joining us.","Great to be on the show.","All right. So let's get the headline, and then we'll work backwards. Are we going into a recession?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"state of the economy\" - This turn has a figurative meaning, as it refers to the overall condition of the economy rather than a specific physical location.","questions":"How does turn 0 refer to the economy?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["This week, during a trip to California, President Trump turned his attention to the homelessness crisis there. Previously, he's criticized the cleanliness of San Francisco's streets. On this trip, he called homelessness in Los Angeles a disaster. And he said, quote, \"we're going to get involved very soon on a federal basis if they don't clean up their act,\" unquote. We wanted to see what the mayor of Los Angeles, Eric Garcetti, had to say about all this. And he is with us now.","Mr.  Mayor, thank you so much for being with us.","Great to be with you, Michel.","President Trump has described the homelessness crisis as a, quote-unquote, \"disgrace to our country. \"And we know based on data from the Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority that homelessness is up 16% over the last year in the city of Los Angeles. Based on that, do you agree with the president's description of the problem?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There is evidence that would support the Presidents statement.","questions":"What is the evidence?","answer":"16%"}
{"text":["The resignation of Michael Flynn as national security adviser came after leaks from anonymous sources inside the intelligence community. Anonymous sources have always been a source of tips for reporters, but they've been especially prominent in the first days of the Trump administration. Last night, President Trump called the American news media the enemy of the people. NPR's David Folkenflik joins us. David, thanks for being with us.","Always.","When The Washington Post broke this story, they cited nine current and former officials and said they spoke on condition of anonymity. What kind of editorial decision-making goes in to having a report like this appear?","You can be sure that this rocketed up to the very top of the news hierarchy at a newsroom like The Post. Just the very fact that they took nine sources that they clearly went out of their way to try to check, cross-check, double-check and question what they were about to report that the stakes were that high, that the ramifications of what they were going to report would be so significant that they were going to take this very seriously indeed. And I think you can see that by the solidity of the reporting as far as we know so far. And I think that's also a reflection of how uncertain this story has been to date. You know, if - you may remember before the election, The New York Times had reported that the FBI had found that there were no signs of, you know, such contacts. And I think on this subject, there's a care being given by The Post, by The Times and by other serious news organizations."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This is an expression of agreement, but it also implies that the speaker is willing to continue the discussion.","questions":"How did the speaker respond to the news about the Washington Post's report on Michael Flynn's resignation?","answer":"agreed"}
{"text":["Good to be here.","So we've been hearing about the trade war week after week for months. How do you see that fitting into the broader U. S. -China relationship right now?","What we really see now is long-term contentious relations between the United States and China. This is a major development that is going to be worked out most likely over the course of decades. China is now, essentially, a peer competitor to the United States. . .","Meaning it has a comparably sized economy."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : By pointing out that China is a peer competitor to the United States he's saying that the trade war with China is sort of slow-going because they're a well-matched opponent.","questions":"What is the major development that is going to be worked out over the course of decades?","answer":"U.S.-China"}
{"text":["What has been the reaction to this from the pollsters at this conference that you're at?","In the hallways here, I was surprised to hear, actually, that academics and pollsters are mostly saying that this effort is overdue. There's general consensus that the traditional exit polls are oversampling Democrats because older voters don't like having to fill out these forms. And they, of course, lean pretty heavily Republican.","Many people I talked to here said that they've been raising alarm bells with the National Election Pool for a decade to no avail. And they see this as a pretty good thing to light a match under those exit pollsters to change. I talked with a consultant to one of those exit polls. And he said that they are actually going to be trying to make changes and that this is part of that.","That's NPR's lead political editor Domenico Montanaro in Denver."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : They've been making the National Election Pool worried and extremely concerned.  Also, it is not a pool, but an organization that gets information from groups of people.","questions":"Which organization has been raising alarm bells for a decade?","answer":"people"}
{"text":["There isn't. And I think the interesting thing about this government is they have cut the Argentine military budget so severely in the last few years that even if Argentina wanted to invade the Falklands, they would be incapable of doing so. So that's one good thing.","So what does this campaign amount to then besides words?","Well, they're trying to put economic pressure on Britain. And I think actually the British are a little bit worried about it. They are stopping cruise ships that come from the Falklands, not allowing them to dock in Argentina. They are pressuring the Chileans to cut off the one air link between Chile and the Falkland Islands. They are calling on Argentine manufacturers to cut down on the import of British goods. And I think the worry is that they will make this into a regional campaign, that they will try and persuade the Brazilians, the Peruvians and others to start putting economic pressure on Britain as well.","And the rallying cry of anti-colonialism has a lot of residents in South America."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning of this turn is that there is strong support for anti-colonialism in South America. The literal meaning of the words \"rallying cry\" is a call to action, usually in a military or political context, but in this context, it is used metaphorically to describe the support for anti-colonialism.","questions":"Which term is used metaphorically to describe the support for anti-colonialism in South America?","answer":"Rallying"}
{"text":["I thought, how can I thank them?So I just jumped off the curb and popped up a salute. And I saw tears rolling by on their faces. And that's what kept me driving throughout that salute until the last bike rolled around me. And then both sides of the street just rushed me and said thank you, Marine.","So tell me about yesterday. Did you pick a certain place where you're going to be?","Yeah, it's become my memorial post. It's at 23rd and Constitution, right behind the Lincoln Monument.","And you're full uniform."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker has a permanent memorial post where people can pay their respects.","questions":"How can people pay their respects to the speaker?","answer":"Salute"}
{"text":["I'd say first, over all, we have had a measure of success in reducing nuclear proliferation over the years. And so North Korea and Iran are really exceptions to what has been a successful policy. Not simply by the United States, but by the international community. I mean, we can't do this alone. We depend on international cooperation.","North Korea is an exception because it is so difficult to deal with. They have used their nuclear weapons not so much from the standpoint of making military threats, but as an instrument of extortion, to get economic concessions for what in fact is an impoverished country.","Now that leads me to my next question. We're coming down toward the close. And it's this. White-collar terrorism, is that an example of what you just described, of white-collar terrorism, extorting, using the threat to extort money?","It does have that concept to it, because it does fall in the camp - in the realm of extortion, rather than military strategy. Quickly, with regard to Iran, there is a very difficult issue, because in fact Iran's quest to be a major power, including the possession of nuclear weapons, really precedes the current administration in Iran, and is likely to be a long-term quest that isn't going to be very, very, difficult to stop."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : instrument implies a strategy and not an equipment ","questions":"Which word in the dialogue implies that North Korea is an impoverished country?","answer":"Impoverished"}
{"text":["The best thing you can do is to reach the end of the campaign and have people say, well, we got a fair look at the candidates from the beginning to the end. We got a fair look at the two nominees of the major parties. We got a fair look at the third party candidates. And we got a fair look at all the competitors back in the primaries. I don't think you can say that at all is going to be exactly the same number of minutes devoted to each.","For example, Bob Barr, the Libertarian Party candidate will not get nearly as much coverage as the two major party candidates. And we will try but we will probably not achieve absolute perfect mathematical equalness of numbers in the minutes and seconds to go to each of the two major party candidates, but we will try.","So, NPR's White House correspondent, Don Gonyea is with Senator Obama in Jordan, today. So, is his reporting there going to get the bulk of the news today?","Not really the bulk. There will be a four-minute report from Don Gonyea on All Things Considered tonight. We did get him briefly into the newscast that you've just heard a few moments ago. And we did get a little bit of an update to what he had done for this morning's Morning Edition. But we also had a discussion of John McCain's campaign on in Morning Edition right after that. And there will be a discussion of what John McCain is saying right this minute at his note town hall in New Hampshire on that same All Things Considered tonight, of about the same length as Don Gonyea's report from Amman, Jordan."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a fair look implies being favorable or positively minded about something ","questions":"Which candidate is mentioned as receiving less coverage than the two major party candidates?","answer":"BobBarr"}
{"text":["It is fiction, but of course I was able to draw on my experience. I developed my expertise in the agency in nuclear counter-proliferation. And that's why that's the main theme of this first book, hopefully in a long series. But it's sort of ripped from the headlines.","Vanessa's asset is shot just after she disregards the signal to abort their meeting. Does she blame herself?","She does. There is definitely a sense that when you, as a CIA ops officer, when you are handling assets, they are delivering to you their trust and their well-being. And you feel very protective of them, even if they're not very nice people.","So, who do spies talk to when they have a bad day at the office?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) \"So, who do spies talk to when they have a bad day at the office?\"  The literal meaning of this sentence is asking who spies talk to when they're having a bad day at work. However, the implied meaning is that spies, like everyone else, have emotions and experience stress and difficulty in their jobs, but they have unique challenges in coping with those emotions due to the secretive and high-pressure nature of their work.","questions":"Which unique challenges do spies face in coping with their emotions?","answer":"High-pressure"}
{"text":["I mean, it's tempting, and certainly we do it in the news business, to look at a figure like $9 billion and say, you know, figure out what that cost per arrest and everything. But I wonder, isn't it in a sense worth, I don't know, a billion dollars a year to the American people to have that deterrent aboard?Because as people in the program have pointed out, if something happens, there's no one else to call upon for help in an airliner.","Well, you could justify almost anything on that basis. But I will tell you that on any cost-benefit analysis, this program does not hold muster. I can tell you also that while a billion dollars might not seem like much money in the whole federal government. . .","Oh, no, it's a lot of money. Don't get me wrong. . .","It's a lot. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (1) The speaker is not really asking for permission to use an expletive, but rather using the question as a way to express frustration or emphasize a point.","questions":"What is the PersonA's intention behind asking if they can use an expletive?","answer":"Emphasize"}
{"text":["Let's go deeper, linguistically into this. When, at the time that I spoke with Reverend Jackson, and this was yesterday, we believed, knowing what we did, we being most of the press, that he had said that Senator Obama had emasculated himself. As it turned out, the phrase was much rougher and much more, you know, I want to blank, blank, blank. Is there a difference between those two ways, neither of them particularly nice, of parsing out lack of manhood?","Well, you know, I actually read that slightly differently. When I heard about the specific comments and the castration and sort of the anger in which it was delivered, even though it was a whisper of. I immediately began to think back historically about, you know, the ways and which powerful black men, or uppity black men were punished.","And it was, you know, the threat of castration was very real in the 19th century. And there's a moment of irony that Jesse Jackson would want to assert his power, his relevance, to Barack Obama's campaign by placing himself over Barack in a sense in suggesting that he is the man and also capable of taking Barack's manhood away.","Coming up this weekend, we have the start of the NAACP's annual convention and although he has not started yet, Ben Jealous is the incoming president. He's 35. He's going to be the youngest president ever of the NAACP. We seem to be seeing a generational shift overall. Is there going to be blood on the floor, metaphorically, as this shift happens?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Historically, powerful black men have been punished by threats of castration","questions":"How were powerful black men historically punished?","answer":"Castration."}
{"text":["Oh, we anticipate that to be the case. We've demonstrated this with antibodies, monoclonal antibodies. I mentioned enzymes already. And so we anticipate quite a range of potential utility for therapeutics.","So you think this a game-changer for storing drugs?","Well, we are very optimistic, yes. I think it could certainly have a major impact.","I want to thank you very much for taking time to be with us today, and good luck to you. It's very fascinating."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The development could have a significant impact on drug storage.","questions":"How could the development impact drug storage?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["As it stands now, it's getting bigger and better, and I am very hopeful that it would stay that way. At the same token, I know that it takes a smart business person to run a successful business. So it's all about how you position yourself. I'm continuously networking, and meeting with people, and developing relationships with some very prominent people. So therefore, business is prospering, and I will continue to do that.","But it would seem to me - and perhaps you can offer some clarification on this point - that there are a lot of people who are in business such as yourself, who are good at what they do, who are conscientious, who are working hard and yet who find themselves, for whatever reasons, not doing and not being as successful as they would like. And there must be something that separates you from them besides, perhaps, your business plan and your enthusiasm. Is that realistic?","That is very realistic. I mean, I think that goes with any position. You have singers, actors, and a lot of them have been in the business for years and have never made it, if you will, because certain people have it and certain people don't. You either have a drive and a knack for really connecting with people and making some things happen for yourself. Or you can be as talented as the next person, but you may never go anywhere with that talent if you don't have the right connections, the right personality and the right know-how.","You said that you've lived near the Obamas in Chicago, in the High Park area, right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Being good at something is not enough for success.","questions":"Which point does PersonB ask PersonA to clarify?","answer":"Realistic"}
{"text":["Well, tell us first, let's go back. How did you find out about this because I know they try and keep this very secret?How did you find out you had been awarded the MacArthur Grant?","I kind of got punked a little bit. I mean, it's the best way to get punked you could imagine, but they called me into the offices, I was going to be in Chicago for an event, and they basically called me in more or less under the pretense that they wanted me to talk about some candidates that I was recommending.","So of course I kind of scampered in to sort of support the folks that I was hoping would get it, and they just sort of surprised me with this, you know, this incredible gift and just, you know, it kind of just blew my brains open.","So they really did manage to keep it a secret?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The experience of being awarded the MacArthur Grant was overwhelming.","questions":"Which grant was awarded to A?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Yesterday, in a letter to Congress, Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said that significant uncertainty now exists with regard to unresolved tax and spending policies for 2013, but we didn't really need Timothy Geithner to tell us that. Ron Elving is with us. He's NPR's senior Washington editor, and he joins me here in Studio 3A to help us make sense of what's happening in Washington as this deadline looms closer like a shadow approaching. Right, Ron?Welcome back to TALK OF THE NATION.","Good to be with you, Celeste.","Explain to me what's going on 'cause, first, we heard there may be a proposal from the president, then we heard there's no proposal from the president. Where do the negotiations stand?","The Senate is here. The president is here. They appear to be talking. The president was on the phone before he left Hawaii with the Republican and Democratic leaders of both the House and Senate. And apparently in one of the conversations that he had, either last night or after he got back here today, he intimated in some way to the Republican leader in the Senate - now, of course he's the minority leader in the Senate, as the Republicans are under 50 percent in that body - and Mitch McConnell got the message one way or another that the president was going to put something new on the table later on today. And so his people came out and told all the reporters on Capitol Hill, we're getting something from the president today, stay tuned."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Timothy Geithner's statement on tax and spending policies is not surprising","questions":"Which Secretary made a statement about tax and spending policies?","answer":"Geithner"}
{"text":["About six lengths off the lead followed by Homeroom Jester and the trailer is Dolarolarorrarockadockamolahholah.","Hackahmackahdolohrollocolamockahdackahmolahhackahdohkah.","(Laughter).","And yeah."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied Meaning: While there may not be a clear and definitive implied meaning behind this turn, it's possible that there is a subtle message or intention that can be inferred based on the speaker's tone and the context of the conversation. However, not everyone may agree on what the implied meaning is, as it may be subject to interpretation. Nonetheless, there is a likelihood that most people would perceive some sort of subtext or hidden intention in this turn.","questions":"How would you describe the tone of turn 2?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["It probably had more to do with Moore - Roy Moore - and his unique trainload of baggage. But it's still hard not to compare it to what happened back in 2010 when Scott Brown was elected in Massachusetts, taking Teddy Kennedy's seat. And this was at about the same point in President Obama's first term.","That really changed the mood on Capitol Hill. It did not stop the passage of Obamacare, but it signaled a big turnover in Congress in the next elections. And we could be heading into a correction here in the other direction under President Trump.","NPR's Ron Elving. Thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) implies gratitude and appreciation, (3) implies that the conversation is coming to an end","questions":"How did Scott respond to PersonA's statement?","answer":"Acknowledgement"}
{"text":["Visuals that related to Senator Obama in politics.","That's right - different iterations and paintings of Senator Obama. Ron English did one of him as kind of morphing into Abe Lincoln. You know, Shepard's hope thing, you know, was enormous. You know, I did one of Obama looking obviously very hopeful into the city. He's - behind him is a cityscape and rising is the sun. I wanted it to be during, you know, the sunrise. And so he's being backlit by the sun in warm light. And the reason I did the city is because, you know, he's from the city. He can relate to the city. You know, he was raised by a single mom on food stamps, which is much like my experience growing up in Harlem. And you know, he's - and I said I wrote \"one\" on it because he's really - he really represents one, you know, one global community, ethnically diverse, one nation, and really someone that we can, for the first time, being from urban life, relate to, besides Clinton, by the way.","Are you worried about they're being an element of hero worship to this?I mean, both in the fact that so many artists are depicting him, but also in the way that he's depicted.","Yeah. I mean, I'm not worried about it. I think there is a lot of hero worship, but in contrast to what's out there, you know, he is a hero."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Different artworks represent Obama as a hope for urban life.","questions":"Which element of Obama's background does the speaker compare to their own experience?","answer":"Food-stamps"}
{"text":["Good to talk to you.","How important an event was this that Mr.  Kim missed?","It was a very important event. It's an event in a mausoleum where his father, previously ruler of North Korea is buried, interred, and so is his grandfather, the founding leader of North Korea. So it was a big deal. Kim Jong Un has not been seen since September 3, when he attended a concert in Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea, with his wife.","Before that, he'd been seen frequently, but always waddling with a really bad limp. He was clearly in discomfort, and finally the North Korean authorities said he is in physical discomfort. So there's something up. We don't quite know what. The speculation is he's had surgery, he's ill, ranging right through to there's been a coup, and he's lost power or certainly being shunted away from power. That's the speculation.","Now, we're talking about somebody who - as my recollection is - he's on television every two minutes. So this must be a tremendous vacuum in the lives of North Koreans."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : implies that North Koreans are used to seeing Kim Jong Un often.","questions":"How frequently is Kim Jong Un seen on television according to PersonB's recollection?","answer":"Often"}
{"text":["Yeah. They're like, oh, my God. Make that face again. That's so funny. But it's not like that. And the reason I talked about it and shared when I did was because there started to be all these compilations of my tics that were made by the fans, which they just thought it was, like, goofy Billie is making a bunch of faces. And they're funny. Let's make a video about it, which is, of course, out of love. And they think that's funny. And they didn't - they don't know, you know?","O'CONNELL: Especially if they think you're doing them on purpose, then it's totally out of love.","They think I'm doing it on purpose. But I felt almost, like, attacked in a way, which was kind of stupid. But it's something like I've lived with my whole life and, like, not been open about because I didn't want it to label me, you know?","Sure, you don't want the whole - that to be the second sentence of every every paragraph about you."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"And they're funny.Let's make a video about it, which is, of course, out of love.\" - The implied meaning here is that the fans are making videos out of love for Billie, but they do not realize that these tics are a result of a neurological condition.","questions":"Which emotion does Billie express about the compilations made by the fans?","answer":"Attacked"}
{"text":["Now, there are a handful of things we know about the narrator of your book, Alice Hare. She's a philosophy graduate. She's adopted. She has complicated relationships with her adoptive and her birth relations. And she is obsessed with a slightly older woman, a Japanese writer called Mizuko Himura. So could you sort of pick it up from there?","I think you're totally right in saying that she is completely obsessed with this older woman. And I think part of the reason why that happens is because her own story is very dim. And in place of any sort of certainty about who she is or where she comes from or what her own origin story might be, she starts to fixate on this woman who, for her, is this mixture of some parallels that she perceives between them, but equally quite a lot, I think, of wishful thinking and this sort of imaginary bond she assumes them to share.","Now, Alice's relationship to Mizuko in real life is a creation, right?I mean, she's done all this research. She's googled all over the place.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Alice has done a lot of research, but the actual meaning is that she has done a lot of research to build a relationship with Mizuko in her imagination. ","questions":"How has Alice done a lot of research?","answer":"Research"}
{"text":["Oh, yes. In the business environment where you have a rational time schedule, then you have more productivity per hour worked. In Spain, we are the last ones in Europe in productivity per hour.","I wonder what you'd say to Americans who may have a romantic view of the siesta, who on any given workday inhale a sandwich while they stand looking at their computer screen.","Well, that is terrible too. I think we need one hour to have lunch in a decent way. This is very good, but not two or three hours that we have here. The hope to be similar to you and all the European countries beside us because really we need that for health, for family. We will have more time for having this life that we want to have. And for sure, you could have also some more time to have the lunch which is healthier.","Nuria Chinchilla is an economist and professor of management at the IESE Business School in Barcelona. Thanks very much for joining us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Turn (4) implies that Nuria Chinchilla is thankful for being invited to the show and is concluding the interview.","questions":"How did Nuria Chinchilla conclude the interview?","answer":"Concluding"}
{"text":["Nice to be here, Lulu.","Why study Mars's core?What can it teach us?","We know the outside of Mars, and we understand the inside of the Earth. And one of the reasons we're interested in Mars is because it's a planet of a similar sort of size to the Earth and Venus. So getting into the interior of it will help us understand how long it took for it to cool down because it's now a cooler planet than the Earth. It no longer does all that exciting plate tectonic stuff that the Earth does. And we'll get a sense of how stiff the external crust is, how malleable the mantle is and whether the core is liquid or not. Those are all the things that really matter for the physics of the Earth, so we assume they're going to matter for the physics of Mars, too.","The first successful Mars landing was almost 50 years ago, which is quite a while. And many have failed since then. Why?How hard is it actually to get there?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Studying Mars's interior will help us understand Earth's physics.","questions":"What will studying Mars's interior help us understand?","answer":"Mars"}
{"text":["Well, the short answer's yes. The deforestation program in Brazil has been enormously successful. Between 2004 and 2012, deforestation fell by more than 80%. That's a shocking success. The challenge is that since 2012, deforestation has ticked up. There's also been a backlash against some of the environmental policies that were put in place under the former government.","Well, as we mentioned, Germany and Norway recently decided to pull their funding out of this Amazon Fund. What made them do that, specifically?","So this is largely an international response to concerns that deforestation is on the rise. And in particular, it's a response to the rhetoric that the administration of Jair Bolsonaro has been putting out. Bolsonaro has basically said to the people in the country that deforestation is OK, development at all costs is OK.  And a lot of scientists fear that that message is starting to take hold, that landowners in the hinterlands in the Amazon are starting to listen, and now they're burning their fields and they're taking advantage of this.","So do you think this latest move by Norway and Germany to freeze their funds could actually sway Bolsonaro?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : People are starting to follow suit in regards to the actions of others.","questions":"How are landowners in the Amazon responding to the message of development at all costs?","answer":"Burning"}
{"text":["So why do you think people should care about this?And. . .","(Laughter).",". . . Apologies for being trite about it. But. . .","Yeah, I know."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A finds something amusing but doesn't want to explain why.","questions":"Which emotion does PersonA express with laughter in turn 1?","answer":"Amusement"}
{"text":["Unfortunately, we know that the homeless individuals who are unsheltered and living in the street are disproportionately burdened with behavioral health challenges, mental disease, substance abuse disorders. And so if a nurse from the government shows up with a syringe and says, hey, I'm here from the government. I'm here to help you. Take this shot - it's not so simple. We have had to spend a tremendous amount of time building trust, providing education and making the case for why receiving a vaccine is such a critical opportunity for them to protect their health.","What are the symptoms of hepatitis A?","These are symptoms that basically reflect inflammation of the liver. And the most common symptoms are basically fever, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, significant abdominal pain, the loss of appetite. And then one of the telltale things is either darkening of the urine or what's called jaundice, which is the common yellowing of the eyes and the yellow hue of the skin, indicating liver enzymes being spilled into the bloodstream. So jaundice is also a very common symptom.","Dr.  Yphnatides, if you think long term about changes you would want to see made to prevent another outbreak like this in the future, where does that take you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Building trust and providing education are necessary in order to make a convincing argument for why homeless individuals should receive the vaccine.","questions":"What is needed to make a convincing argument for why homeless individuals should receive the vaccine?","answer":"Trust"}
{"text":["And then we figured out how to pull aluminum out of its oxides, and now we use it everywhere. And platinum group metals are no different. They're very useful in electronics, microprocessors, medical devices, you name it, catalytic converters, renewable energy. And I would love to see a day - whenever that may be - when the platinum group metals are 100 times cheaper than they are now.","I'm reminded of a \"Twilight Zone\" adventure where they learned how to make gold and it was worthless. That's another story, but take us through the steps for your plan stage. Where do we go from here, and what are the steps?","Well, it's a three-phase plan. First of all, we have a technology road map that we've developed that lists every bit and every piece of technology that we need in order to go and extract resources from asteroids. We have some of that technology today and others we need to develop. And so we're slowly but surely piecing together, pulling together all the different pieces of technology that we need to have. Number two, we're going to do asteroid prospecting. And so this means that, first, we're going to develop a series of Arkyd 100 spacecraft to go into low Earth orbit and study the nearest asteroids and make sure that we've found, you know, lots of the other interesting ones that are not yet found and look closer at the ones that we do know of.","And number three?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In (2), the speaker mentions a \"Twilight Zone\" adventure where they learned how to make gold and it was worthless. The literal meaning is that they learned how to make gold, but the implied meaning is that sometimes things that we think are valuable may not be worth much in reality. This is different from the literal meaning of the words spoken.","questions":"What is the \"Twilight Zone\" adventure that PersonB mentions in (1)?","answer":"Gold"}
{"text":["You know, I'm encouraged by the step. It makes it easier to deal with churches that have enabled or covered up sexual abuse. That being said, it is a framework only.","A framework only - what do you mean?","Well, it creates a new committee by which these claims can be vetted. What we don't know yet is who is going to be on that committee, what questions the committee will be asking as they consider whether or not churches are in violation of the SBC standards on sexual abuse. And so it really remains to be seen what is built on that framework.","Talk to me about the culture. I'm thinking of some reporting that our religion correspondent, Tom Gjelten, has been doing this week. He's been interviewing Southern Baptist women. And they describe a culture that is resistant to change. Has that been your experience as you've interacted with church leaders?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B doesn't understand the implications of the framework","questions":"Which person is unsure about the meaning of the framework?","answer":"B"}
{"text":["Hi.","So you're about to get underway with your lunch rush. What are the workers telling you?What are the conversations you're hearing there at the bar?","Well, they're like counting down the days and saying what are they going to do. You know, some people have no plans. They don't know what they're going to do. Then other people say they're going to move away because this is a dying town, and it's really frightening.","And what does that mean for you?","Well, I just hope that we can make it through. I don't know. We don't know what is in store - you know, the future has for us because we've already - when they cut the shifts back, we've already lost a lot of our business from over there. Now, there's going to be nobody, and we just don't know where it's going to go from there."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The future of the town is uncertain and it is causing anxiety","questions":"How is the town's future affecting people's emotions?","answer":"Anxiety"}
{"text":["I assume, Sean, you're not going to have anyone there kind of pulling in the CNN-type touchscreen - pulling up results from various provinces. When might we get a really solid indication of who the next president of Afghanistan will be?","You're right. It is going to take some time here. We should start to get some basic, preliminary results in the coming days. But the actual count won't be completed until April 20. But once that's released, there's going to be several weeks of challenges, and a period where another body evaluates fraud and complaints and challenges from candidates. And May 14th is when the final, certified results of today's vote will actually be released. And most analysts are convinced that there's no chance any of the candidates will get more than 50 percent of the vote today, which means the top two candidates will go to a runoff, probably to be held sometime in June; meaning, we're looking at sometime late summer, early fall, actually, before we know who the next president of Afghanistan's going to be.","NPR's Sean Carberry in Kabul. Thanks so much.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"NPR's Sean Carberry in Kabul\" is meant literally as it refers to the journalist's location.","questions":"Which turn refers to the journalist's location?","answer":"Turn2"}
{"text":["The United Nation says it's made an agreement that will gradually release 3,000 child soldiers from an armed group in South Sudan. The children are between 11 and 17 years of age. They have spent their childhoods fighting and killing for a group called the South Sudan Democratic Army Cobra faction. Jonathan Veitch, UNICEF's South Sudan representative, says these children have been forced to do and see things that no child should ever experience. Sudan has a long history of civil war and using children for war. Only a few of the thousands of children who get captured and dragged into the conflict manage to escape. Emmanuel Jal did. He's now an actor and musician in Toronto, who had a role in last year's film \"The Good Lie. \"He was 8 years old when he became a child soldier.","Most of us have seen our homes burned down, have seen terrible things happen. So, I mean, I witness one of my aunt raped in our home area. And witnessing and seeing my home village burned down and then when we're told that I'm going to be given skills and a gun to fight the people who did that to my homeland, there was not much for me to be convinced.","What was life for you like as a child soldier?","It's hell seeing 6, 7 years old burying their own dead. Nobody's going to give them questions when they're beginning to ask questions. Simple questions - why are we here?Where's my mommy?That's when you get to know, like, these are children sometimes when the terrible things happen."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Emmanuel Jal was willing to join the army, because he wanted revenge for the people who caused harm to his home and family. ","questions":"Which actor and musician had a role in the film \"The Good Lie\"?","answer":"Emmanuel"}
{"text":["And does it help to have someone like Drake courtside (laughter)?","I think for some people it does. I think the power of celebrity is something that is immensely powerful. And he's someone that just adds to the level of attention that's happening here. This is going to be the first championship series for a major sport in Canada in the Internet era, and every bit of notoriety helps, and Drake is a part of that.","Bruce Arthur, sports columnist for the Toronto Star. Thank you for talking about the Raptors with us, and best of luck.","Absolutely. My pleasure. Thank you."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Drake contributes to the publicity of the Raptors' championship series","questions":"Which celebrity?","answer":"Drake"}
{"text":["And so the world was filled at that time with these microscopic creatures, right?","Yes, these would be very ancient. And we've long suspected that this sort of thing goes back or should go back a long, long way. And people have found the chemical signals, the brassy fool's gold they've found. They've even found the isotopic shifts. But this is, I think, the earliest record where we can see actually turned into this shiny material the fossils themselves. We can see them actually preserved in three dimensions.","And it's new techniques that we have now that we can use to analyze these in three dimensions and start to pick out their relationships. And that's one of the exciting things that's happening at the moment.","Would there be other places around the world where you'd find the same rocks and fossils?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : They found something that is not the real thing but close to it.","questions":"What did they find that was close to the real thing?","answer":"Fossils"}
{"text":["So crack down on the doctors, but make sure there's a support system ready for their patients.","Absolutely. And the thing is - and this is so beautiful - is that when you get to watch lives change. For myself, you know, I used to get up every single morning thinking, you know, where am I going to get my pills?And that occupied my entire day. Now, keep in mind, I was a practicing physician. So I had some other things to do. And that's what people who are, you know, who are addicted are facing every single day.","And now, you know, providing them with quality help and watching them change their lives is one of the most fun things that I've ever been involved with. We need to make that opportunity more widespread. We need to decrease the stigma around stepping out and ask for help. And also, Sacha, we need to make evidence-based treatment available without the stigma that goes along with it.","That's Dr.  Steven Loyd. He's based in Nashville, Tenn. Thanks for talking with us."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"So crack down on the doctors, but make sure there's a support system ready for their patients.\"  The implied meaning of this turn is that while it is necessary to hold doctors accountable for any role they may have played in fueling addiction, it is equally important to ensure that patients receive the necessary support to cope with the aftermath of addiction.","questions":"How should doctors be held accountable for their role in fueling addiction?","answer":"Accountable"}
{"text":["In terms of the natural ecosystems, rapid changes coming, suddenly roads are getting built. People having the first time in nearly 22 years of warfare that they're able to get up and still moving around and finding markets and exploiting resources. Animals are resourced. They will be facing severe problems if poaching becomes more common that it already is, which is somewhat routine, and these things could be wiped out very badly in a few years, especially vulnerable species like elephants which are in so much danger elsewhere and even species that are quite rare and it's just only in South Sudan like certain kinds of antelope that were thought extinct and now have been found in South Sudan.","And there are - the ivory route is that these poachers come down and kill the animals for their ivory. It's taken then to Sudan, carved and sent to China.","Yeah. There's a city called Onderon(ph) - if I'm pronouncing it correctly - which has a traditional center of artisanal carving of ivory and export. So some elephant tusks do flow into Onderon and get shipped out from there to markets in the Middle East and China.","Yet, there are still large herds of elephants left in South Sudan. You saw one from an airplane."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Poachers kill elephants for their ivory and sell it to markets in Sudan, the Middle East, and China.","questions":"Which animal's tusks are carved into artisanal products in a city called Onderon and exported to the Middle East and China?","answer":"Elephants"}
{"text":["I'm fine, thanks. Let's begin with the playoffs from last week. The Steelers beat the Bengals.","Brutal game.","Ugly, wasn't it?Not just ugly, vicious. That's what I mean.","It was a vicious game and also a game that - I've watched a lot of sports. I've never seen a team do so many dumb things as the Bengals did to lose that game in the final minutes."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Steelers and Bengals were both playing aggressively and making mistakes that could have cost them the","questions":"Which team made more mistakes during the playoffs?","answer":"Bengals"}
{"text":["We're getting a rare inside view of a massive Taliban attack in Afghanistan earlier this month. In that assault, the Taliban nearly succeeded in seizing control of a key provincial capital - city of Ghazni, about 90 miles from the Afghan capital, Kabul. In a matter of days, the Taliban offensive was halted, but the death toll and destruction were immense. Hundreds of Afghan civilians, police officers and soldiers were killed. U. S.  Special Forces and Army played a key role in crushing the attack. Nine of them were hurt - among them, two who sustained what will be lifelong injuries. Time magazine correspondent William Hennigan was reporting in Afghanistan at the time and was allowed to travel with the Green Berets to Ghazni. They had gotten a call that several Afghan helicopters were down. And they headed out to secure the area.","As they approached the city overnight, they were seeing that the city of Ghazni was on fire. And they knew that they had quite a fighting force to go up against. And the signs were readily apparent. Aside from the great fire that was burning in front of them, there was craters, IEDs, trucks that were standing like tombstones in the middle of the road. So the ODA had to muscle their way around these vehicles in order to push through to the city.","The ODA being the Green Beret unit.","That's correct. And while they're doing that, in comes mortar fire and RPGs and AK-47 fire. So it was not only a difficult task to punch into the city. It was also quite deadly because of the ambush that they had walked into."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They used ammunition to make their way into the city.","questions":"What did the Green Berets use to make their way into the city?","answer":"Ammunition"}
{"text":["That's right. In the last few years where, as a fugitive, when he was living in Belgrade, he eked out this living as a new age guru. He grew a big bushy white beard, had glasses, had a top knot at the top of his head tied up with a black ribbon. He presented this rather remarkable monk-like figure and, as you say, hid in plain sight. He was often at seminars and conferences about alternative medicine.","He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The woman worked with Interpol and had the opportunity to recognize Radovan Karodzic but she never did.","questions":"Which law enforcement agency did the woman work for?","answer":"Interpol"}
{"text":["As a matter of fact, some of the Newark city council came to New York and also spoke with African-American politicians up in Albany about this guy's record. And that (unintelligible) pretty thoroughly.","Now, let me - we don't have too much time left, so I just want to ask you this. Is this a situation - you've obviously chosen to profile Mayor Booker - is this a situation where he has a political future outside of Newark?Do you se him moving in a direction where he will eventually run for some other office?","I think he absolutely means to. And I think he is one - all politicians brim with ambition, and he is no exception. I think he has chosen for himself a nearly impossible task. And if he manages to pull that off, it's a pretty solid credential.","All right. Peter Boyer, thanks so much.","Certainly."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  to ask if Booker has a political future outside of Newark implies that he may have ambitions beyond his current role as mayor of the city.","questions":"Which question was asked about Mayor Booker's political future outside of Newark?","answer":"Question1"}
{"text":["Given that President Trump pulled the U. S.  out of this deal a year ago, why has Iran just now decided to do all this?","Well, there's a couple of reasons. One, as you mentioned, the U. S.  isn't the only party to the deal. And so after the U. S.  pulled out, Iran wanted to give the other parties, which are Russia, Europe and China, time to maybe provide some sanctions relief, to provide it a reason to stay in. After a year, that hadn't happened. And so Iran has been putting pressure, particularly on Europe, to try and get something in exchange for agreeing to abide by the deal.","The other big thing that's going on is that the U. S.  is dialing up this maximum pressure campaign. And Iran is kind of exerting the same campaign back. You know, they are starting to be increasingly provocative in a number of arenas, and the nuclear arena is one of those.","And does this mean that the deal is likely to totally fall apart soon?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Iran is responding to the US's maximum pressure campaign","questions":"What is one of the arenas in which Iran is becoming increasingly provocative?","answer":"Nuclear"}
{"text":["It's been extremely stressful, from anxiety to depression to panic, fear, anger. It's been a full palette of emotions. And I've paid my bills through the month of January. I applied for unemployment. I applied for many, many jobs, everything under the sun, from biotech lab work to retail to a fishing boat. I applied for at least 25 jobs.","The effect was building up on you, I guess.","Right, and just scrambling, panicking. What am I going to do?How am I going to pay my rent February 1?","Yeah, sounds like you enjoy your work."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : full palette of emotions means that there were many different emotions being felt","questions":"What was the range of emotions that PersonA experienced?","answer":"Emotions"}
{"text":["It came as a bigger surprise over the last three to six months when our young scientist Robert Rohde was able to adopt really excellent statistical methods and push the record back to 1753. With such a long record, we could then separate out the signatures of solar variability, of volcanic eruptions, of El Nino and so on. And actually, to my surprise, the clear signature that really matched the rise in the data was human carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. It just matched so much better than anything else. I was just stunned.","You know, you wrote in your book, even, page 75: The evidence shows that global warming is real, and the recent analysis of our team indicates that most of it is due to humans.","(Technical difficulties). . .  And then we had these new results. I was much more cautious in the version of the book that was sent around for pre-review, and then we managed to get the new results in the new book.","You know, you've been criticized on both sides of the aisle, as they say now. I think some scientists are saying: Why did you publish - why didn't you publish it in legitimate, peer-reviewed journals first?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"we managed to get the new results in the new book\" - this implies that the results were obtained with some difficulty or effort, whereas the literal meaning would suggest that they were simply included in the new book.","questions":"How were the new results obtained?","answer":"Difficulty"}
{"text":["Yeah. And that took a lot out of my legs. I was pretty fatigued by the end of the game, and I'm feeling it today.","And do - I bet you are a little tired.","But at - towards the end of the game, where you aware of the record?And where you aware you'd broken it?","I wasn't aware, actually. I think I was just so tired and so focused on scoring the basketball. There's a stretch late in the second half where I think I hit seven or eight consecutive threes, and I knew something special was going on after that."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"took a lot out of my legs\" - This expression is an idiom used to describe feeling physically exhausted or drained after an activity. It does not literally mean that something was taken out of the speaker's legs.","questions":"Which idiom is used by the speaker to describe feeling physically exhausted or drained after an activity?","answer":"Fatigued"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, a big one can come from any number of faults here in Southern California. So if you looked at a map of Southern California and wanted to imagine all the faults, just throw a pile of spaghetti down on it, and all those little strands would be faults all over the place. These - this set of faults is inland from the San Andreas.","And so there was a less-than-1% chance that we would've had an above-7. 0 magnitude earthquake yesterday following the 6. 4 on Thursday, and that happened. As of today, there is a less-than-2% chance that we could see another magnitude 7 today, but we're going to have to see how that shakes out.","The San Andreas is not directly impacted by these faults, as far as we know. But there are a whole lot of faults in that area that might've taken a strain of some of these smaller faults that - when they released all their energy, because that strain doesn't just go away. It has to go somewhere else. And some of the other faults in the area took it on.","And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The chance of another big earthquake is still present and uncertain.","questions":"What is the probability of another magnitude 7 earthquake today?","answer":"Hair"}
{"text":["There's a number of them that the federal prosecutors mentioned, things like excessive purchases with cash in some pharmacies, purchases from well out of the region of the pharmacies. And these are opioid purchases we're talking about - excessively high percentages of sales of fentanyl patches and opioid oxycodone painkillers from some pharmacies and some of the larger pharmacies that RDC dealt with. So those are some of the things that the feds highlighted.","Two RDC executives face charges. What are they accused of?","Basically sort of being players in this whole, you know, alleged kind of ignorance or willing ignorance, I should say, of RDC's role in the opioid epidemic, the things we talked about - you know, just sort of closing your eyes to pharmacies that were obviously pushing painkilling prescription meds onto the streets in big numbers. And the allegations are that the former CEO, Larry Doud, and former compliance officer were key in allowing this to happen internally and just ignored all the signs. One has pleaded guilty and is cooperating. And Doud is facing the criminal charges.","You've talked a lot about the pharmacies here. And so I'm wondering, what about them?And what about the doctors making the orders?Are they being held accountable?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"players in this whole, you know, alleged kind of ignorance or willing ignorance\" - This turn's actual meaning is different from its literal meaning because \"players\" does not necessarily mean someone who is literally playing a game, but rather refers to individuals involved in a situation or event. \"Willing ignorance\" is also a figurative expression that means someone deliberately ignores or avoids knowing about something.","questions":"Which term describes the individuals involved in the situation or event?","answer":"Players"}
{"text":["I don't really describe myself. I don't have a - I don't label myself really. I've done some interviewing in the past and just, you know, strike up a general conversation with people usually in sort of a casual environment. And for some reason, usually, people will talk to me.","And I have to say, you've got great researching skills. I read that you even dug up Carter Page's undergrad thesis, and you spoke with his U. S. Naval Academy thesis adviser. That's amazing. Why did you do that, and how did you go that deep?","I don't know. I just - I have a curiosity about this whole situation, and I really wanted to get to the bottom of it. So I - you know, the easiest way to say it is no stone left unturned.","You say, you know, you want to contribute to the investigation, but how are you different than a journalist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"no stone left unturned\" - This implies that the speaker is determined to investigate thoroughly and not overlook any possible leads or sources of information.","questions":"What phrase describes the PersonA's approach to investigation?","answer":"No-stone-left-unturned"}
{"text":["The section on that 1,700 mile track is relatively short, but it's absolutely searing. And it begins in a bullock cart.","That's right.","Well, tell us about it if you could.","At that time in the 1930s, that - you had the development of this tension between the Indians who had migrated there and the Burmese who were already there. And in the midst of all of that, we had other tensions that were simmering at a global level, and which eventuated in the second world war. My grandfather was living in 1941 in a town called Okpo, 108 kilometers north of Rangoon. He was running a small grocery shop, essentially."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied Meaning: Based on the speaker's tone and choice of words, there may be an underlying message or intention behind this turn that suggests they have a particular opinion or feeling about the subject being discussed. However, the meaning is not entirely clear and may be open to interpretation, leading to some level of uncertainty about whether everyone will agree on its implied meaning.","questions":"How would you describe the tone of the speaker in turn 3?","answer":"Unclear"}
{"text":["You know, let's come back to the Large Hadron Collider because if you talk about things, if you talk about this theme, there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the other one that you know well is the prediction from string theory and similar theories that there are extra dimensions. And one of the ways to look for things like extra dimensions or shadow universes is to look for the leakage of material from our universe into their universe.","And let me use the LHC. One way to look for evidence of extra dimensions would be to carefully look at collisions that take place at the Large Hadron Collider and look for some of the energy to disappear. And what's interesting about that technique is when I put there's - when I say there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the top of my list would be neutrinos, and we now know neutrinos exist. We can't see them with the eye, but we can build detectors to detect them. And the original evidence for the neutrino was missing energy in beta decays that were observed in the early part of the last century and then poly-hypothesize this particle, the neutrino. And eventually, we built detectors that were sensitive enough. So this technique of looking for energy leaking out of our universe going elsewhere is a very powerful technique for looking for things that we can't see.","Michael Turner, a pleasure as always to come have you come on and explain this stuff to us. Thanks a lot, Michael.","Glad to be on."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the literal and actual meanings are the same. The speakers are simply exchanging pleasantries and expressing gratitude for the conversation","questions":"What is the technique that can be used to look for evidence of extra dimensions at the Large Hadron Collider?","answer":"Leakage"}
{"text":["They had contracts for a five-star hotel in Amman, Jordan. They wound up being held in a room for 45, 50 days without knowing what was going to become of them. They were loaded into gypsy taxicabs, driven down the most dangerous road in the world, the Amman to Baghdad highway, which I think you had some experience with, as well, right?","Indeed, too many times. The Highway of Death.","And, predictively and foreseeably, they were kidnapped from two cars that got away from the rest. It was the first mass execution video of this horrible modern era of terrorist theater that we've all come to know, but it was a blip. The deaths of contractors - it was a parade every day. It was horrible, and it's the most horrible thing I've ever seen in my life. And, sadly, I had to watch it several times just to understand, you know, what happened to them really.","Your book begins with Kamala."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Highway of Death\" implies the Amman to Baghdad highway because of the many deaths and violent incidents that have occurred there.","questions":"How is the Amman to Baghdad highway referred to in the dialogue?","answer":"Amman"}
{"text":["It's important to note that the French didn't suspend support. So, there is some disagreement over the way forward, even among allies. There are indications that the moderates backed by the U. S.  and the Islamists are negotiating over a merger. Both these groups oppose the Assad regime. They both oppose the hard-core al-Qaida group; in fact, they fought against them. There are reports that U. S.  policymakers are rethinking the approach to the Islamic front. U. S.  officials have reportedly met with some of the leaders of this group last month in Turkey. And this all comes in the context of the Geneva talks which are scheduled for January. That's when the Syrian regime and the political opposition are going to sit down face to face for the first time.","The only group, Scott, that can deliver any change on the ground is the Islamic Front. They're the most powerful rebel formation across northern Syria. They hold great swaths of territory. They are the important players, much more important than the moderate Free Syrian Army, who showed on Friday they can't even protect their warehouses. They are the weakest group on the battlefield, even though they're supported by the U. S. So, that's why there is a crisis in U. S.  policy and there appears to be some rethinking of that policy.","NPR's Deborah Amos speaking with us from Beirut. Thanks so much.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of the statement is Deborah Amos thanking the speaker, but the implied meaning is that the conversation is over.","questions":"How did Deborah Amos respond to the speaker?","answer":"Thanked"}
{"text":["Well, I have to tell you, since September 11th, 2001, I haven't had a vacation. And I don't know about rest and relaxation, you know?My rest and relaxation is prayer, just trying to keep afloat, so that things don't get any worse. So, you know, I'm doing everything I can to not be stressed out about the economic situation.","Cathy Walker is a doctor living in Ardmore, Pennsylvania. Thank you, Cathy.","Thank you.","If you'd like to be a part of our real economy project, let us know. You can find us at npr. org\/daydreaming."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B abruptly changes the topic to introduce a doctor living in Pennsylvania","questions":"What is the name of the project mentioned by PersonB in the dialogue?","answer":"npr."}
{"text":["Same for the rap charts and also pop. I mean, you said that this is a city that has an impact on black music. You know, Atlanta has made black music popular music. These are artists that are on the Hot 100, the biggest songs in the country. So, I am very hopeful.","Dee Dee, same thing.","Right. For me, you know, I look at the new emerging talents like Jazzpects and Hollywierd and Proton. You know, I see a whole new 'nother birth of musicians coming up, and again, just being on the live music scene last night, I was at the Smith's Olde Bar to see Anthony David and Jazzpects and Redlands and Proton and Yellow Wolf, which are all underground artists that are stemming away from the norm.","Jazzpects is fusing hip-hop and jazz. And Yellow Wolf, on the total opposite the spectrum, is a white rapper that is - he has a group called the Dixie Mafia that is a really, really - he is an excellent rapper, that is fusing a lot of the blue grass and country and, you know, middle-America stuff with hip-hop."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Atlanta has been influential in popularizing black music","questions":"How has Atlanta impacted black music?","answer":"Popularizing"}
{"text":["On the whole, that - it's been amazing. The volunteers, the support has been amazing. Obviously, there's a small percentage of people who are detractors and don't like the idea at all. But I think most of them are just kind of misinformed on what the status is of the asylum-seekers. And, you know, they want them all to go home, and that's just not possible. But on the whole, it's been really positive.","Well, you mentioned that some residents of your community are curious about the status. I wonder, has Customs and Border Protection told you not just what you're supposed to do with these people but how long you should plan on them being there?","Well, first of all they're - they have a legal U. S.  status, so there's nothing that we're supposed to do with them.","OK."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker acknowledges some people don't support the asylum seekers, but they believe that most of them don't understand the situation well.","questions":"What is the reason for some people being detractors of the asylum-seekers?","answer":"Misinformed"}
{"text":["Basically, in the art markets. I'm not sure how many of them are exactly for sale at this point. I think there are a number of artifacts that are almost too well-known to sell or to sell to anyone, you know, like an - you know, a prominent museum. For instance, the Nimrud Ivories are unlikely to be, you know, publicly available for sale.","What are the Nimrud Ivories?","The Nimrud Ivories, it's a series of these very small beautifully carved ivories from the 9th century B. C. , from the sites of Nimrud. Probably the most famous is something called the lioness attacking, I guess, it's a young man. They were gilded or leafed with gold leaf and in many cases painted. They're just beautiful pieces.","So they're in private hands somewhere?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They are not literally in someone\u2019s private hands.","questions":"How are the Nimrud Ivories currently owned?","answer":"Nimrud"}
{"text":["How do you perceive yourself at this point as a business woman, not just a comedienne?Because you used to be an Algebra teacher, you were also a small business owner. I'm sure that there is a whole industry behind what you do, having to deal with your bookings, et cetera. How do you deal with that part of it?","Well, knowledge is the key. I have a degree in Business Administration's, minor in Mathematics. And, unlike most comediennes, I was a business person before I got into this field. I am very aware of my bookings, I'm very aware of my accounting. I'm very aware of how to write jokes. So, it doesn't make it easier but knowledge helps it - helps me understand a lot of different things. So even like times now when we're in a recession, when the country is in a recession, and people aren't coming out to the shows as often the way they used to come - the audiences aren't packed - I, because I understand business, know that, OK, I'll move to smaller venues, I'll come in with a cheaper ticket. But I will still work as an artist. And as an artist, overall, you really want to work.","What makes you laugh?","What makes me laugh - kids make me laugh, and old people make me laugh."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A implies that her knowledge of business helps her manage the financial aspects of her career as a comedienne.","questions":"What degree does PersonA have besides Business Administration?","answer":"Mathematics"}
{"text":["That is Binyamin Appelbaum. He writes about economics for The New York Times, and he's written a new book, called, \"The Economists' Hour\" that traces what he calls a revolution in the way we think about economists.","This quiet but really important revolution that happens, really, beginning in the late 1960s and the early 1970s, where economists begin to gain tremendous influence over public policy in the United States.","In fact, that young economist who told his wife he had no future at the Fed, that was Paul Volcker. He became one of a small group of economists who made themselves indispensable to U. S.  presidents. Volcker rose to become the chairman of the Federal Reserve in the Carter and Reagan years.","So I asked Appelbaum, how did a bunch of economists go from nobodies to being important people?And he said it's pretty simple. In an era of real economic problems, they promised solutions."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Paul Volcker was once a young economist who thought he had no future at the Fed but later became an important figure in the US government.","questions":"How did Paul Volcker rise to become an important figure in the US government?","answer":"Career"}
{"text":["The other issue, of course, is there were no bonuses for Wall Street this year, or where there were, there were certainly contentions about them, and people were asked to give them back when they got them. So the extra cash that often comes through the pipeline to buy also Christmas presents, which was not there this year, was not there to buy stocks, either.","So here we are. It's December 30th. There's just a few days left to this week. Any chance that Santa might come in the last few days?","Well, unfortunately or fortunately, these are such volatile markets, who knows?I mean, in the last five to ten minutes of the market, we can see an extraordinary turn. It's sort of like watching an NBA game - it's not worth watching it until the very last few minutes to see who wins. We've seen wild fluctuations, but that said, it's not going to be anything to compensate for what's been the worst year since the 1930s.","As you mentioned, Diane, in the past, a lot of times, investors would buy stocks at this time of year with their bonuses. Maybe not so many bonuses this year. You've got the added element of the fact that some people are still concerned that they might get laid off in the future. How is that affecting how the markets might close this year?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The lack of bonuses affected stock market sales.","questions":"What was one of the issues that impacted stock market sales?","answer":"Bonuses"}
{"text":["Well, so what I got really interested in was that when the coat showed up, it showed up in a black plastic package from China Post. So I thought I was buying a coat from some brand that represented itself as kind of this modern gentleman. You know, I was expecting it to have its headquarters, you know, in New York or San Francisco or Los Angeles or something. And this thing is shipped direct from a technology park in China.","So I kind of started thinking like, well, what is this brand?And I started diving into this new class of online retailer that use a tool called Shopify, which allows anyone to kind of spin up a retail store in five minutes; sucks products in from a service called AliExpress, which is sort of like Amazon but in China, and it's dedicated to kind of the export market for Chinese and other Asian manufacturers; and allows - basically - consumers in the U. S.  to take a different route into this manufacturing ecosystem, which makes so many clothes, which makes so many consumer goods, in Asia.","When you ordered this coat, were you genuinely surprised to be able to trace this stuff back, or was that the whole idea?","Well, no. I was genuinely surprised. I was literally - I had been tagged in the Facebook advertising system, which Instagram also uses, as someone who likes to buy clothes. And what I came to find was that this is a pretty widespread phenomenon."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The turn that has an actual meaning different from its literal meaning is (2). The speaker is not talking about physically diving into something, but rather delving into the topic of a new class of online retailer that uses Shopify and AliExpress. The implied meaning is that the speaker has started researching and investigating this topic in depth","questions":"How was the speaker researching the new class of online retailers?","answer":"Researching"}
{"text":["Claire Messud's \"The Burning Girl\" is a novel about two girls, Cassie and Julia, who make each other who they are. Cassie's the bold one who looks for rules to break. Julia is the voice of caution and conscience who'd like a little of Cassie's daring. We had one mind, as Julia recall, and could roam its limits together. They grow apart in middle school. Cassie hangs out with the more conspicuously popular crowd. Julia's hurt but becomes aware that Cassie is on the verge of disaster. Julia may be the one person to help pull her back.","\"The Burning Girl\" is the latest novel from Claire Messud, author of \"The Emperor's Children\" and other acclaimed novels. She's also taught creative writing and special programs at many colleges and joins us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks, Scott, for having me.","What's the special intensity of being BFFs as youngsters?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The bond between Cassie and Julia is strong and special, even though they grow apart in middle school.","questions":"How would you describe the bond between Cassie and Julia?","answer":"strong"}
{"text":["The reason for this shrinkage, the leagues will tell you, is that televised sport has beaten the live experience. As the TVs got better, the traffic got worse, I guess. And the couch beckoned. I just got back from Disney World. Disney movies are clearly cheaper and easier to get to than the live experience. And yet millions more people flock to the Magic Kingdom than did 10 years ago. There is an \"Avatar\" ride that had a wait time of - let me check the app. It's on an app now - three hours, five minutes. But with baseball and football, there is so little attention paid to the experience in the park. How about good Wi-Fi or some milling-about zones and food that challenges our collective delusion that Dodger Dogs aren't inferior, cylindrical foodstuffs?We have been gaslit about Fenway Franks.","Then there's the gouging. The New York Jets will charge you 40 to $50 for parking. And when you enter the stadium, you have to watch the New York Jets. Owners can continue to shrink their stadiums and their ambitions or they can start rewarding fans who literally give their teams the home field advantage as something other than chickens to be plucked or geese to be fattened before slaughter. Don't the fans have enough experience with slaughter, especially when we're talking about fans of the Jets, Rays and Raiders?","(Singing) Take me out. . .","No, I'm not going to do that. Commentator Mike Pesca hosts the Slate podcast The Gist, which is still very affordable and welcomes new fans. He also wrote the book \"Upon Further Review. \""],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  is to sing, but the implied meaning is to not take the conversation in the direction being presented.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's suggestion to improve the experience in the park?","answer":"Gouging"}
{"text":["Confrontation between the two sides is always a risk. And there has been military confrontation between the United States and the Islamic Republic since the conception of the Islamic Republic, whether it was takeover of the American embassy, whether it was the bombing of the Marine barracks in Lebanon and, most recently, of course in terms of targeting American military personnel in Iraq. So that's the reality of the situation - that United States and Iran have always coexisted in a measure of a low-intensity conflict. However, both sides have always walked back from the brink in terms of total war, and I suspect it will be that way in this case as well.","So who blinks to get the two sides to the negotiating table, given that the rhetoric has been increasing; the violence has increased over the last month?How do they get out of this cycle?","Well, they were both heading toward the negotiations, and I think for the Iranians, a certain narrative of success was being established that could have served as a prelude to negotiations. Now comes again a series of American sanctions and Iranian responses.","Both sides at some point will get to their narrative of success. Iranians will suggest that they have withstood the American pressure and, therefore, they're prepared to talk. And the president has always been willing to talk without any conditions at any time. Then the Trump administration will also suggest that their policy of maximum pressure works. So at one point, when both sides declare victory, that's usually a prelude to the talks."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"narrative of success\" is a phrase that means a story or interpretation of events that presents oneself or one's country in a positive light. It does not refer to a literal story or book.","questions":"How does turn 3 suggest negotiations will begin?","answer":"Victory"}
{"text":["NPR's Dina Temple-Raston has been following this story, and she's here now. Dina, scientists and legal experts, they're saying that the evidence against Ivins is really far from foolproof, that there is no smoking gun. What are they concerned about?","Well, a lot of the scientists who have looked at this say that they couldn't - that the FBI couldn't possibly have ruled out everyone who might have matched the anthrax vial or had access to the anthrax vial that they matched to Ivins. And this is basically, without getting too much into the science, this is because anthrax, all you have to do is grow more. So if you had some anthrax, conceivably, from this vial that they linked to Ivins, you could have grown your own source of more of that.","They also can't place him in Princeton, which is where the letters were mailed from, and he has this very distinctive, cramped handwriting that they couldn't match the handwriting on the envelopes. The FBI said it was similar, but there was nothing conclusive there. And there's this broader feeling that he couldn't have possibly accomplished all of this on his own. The plan was too elaborate and too technical for one person to do by themselves.","So what does the FBI say to all those questions?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"cramped handwriting\" - This is a descriptive phrase that refers to handwriting that is very small, tight, and crowded together, making it difficult to read. It does not refer to handwriting that is physically cramped due to space constraints.","questions":"Which phrase describes the handwriting discussed in turn 2?","answer":"Small"}
{"text":["Take Darwin, for example. His theory of evolution by natural selection, the key to that theory, the way favorable traits are passed on, it's through genes. The only problem is Darwin did not understand genetics. In fact, his original idea of how inheritance worked would have been discredited. It would have discredited the whole process of evolution.","And it's just one of the fascinating stories in my next guest's book, \"Brilliant Blunders: From Darwin to Einstein. \"Mario Livio is the author. He's also an astrophysicist at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore. Welcome back to SCIENCE FRIDAY, Dr.  Livio.","Thank you for having me, Ira.","All these people made great mistakes."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Darwin's theory of evolution has flaws due to his lack of understanding of genetics.","questions":"How would you describe Darwin's understanding of genetics?","answer":"Discredited"}
{"text":["And the president called federal efforts to assist Puerto Rico during Hurricane Maria an unsung success. But, of course, as we know, 3,000 people died. And then, the president said that his critics had just cooked up that number. And that - we have to say it - that's just not true.","That's right. Now a lot of those deaths did not take place directly during the storm. Rather, they took place indirectly during the painfully slow recovery. Remember, it was only last month that electricity was finally restored throughout the island. So if this is a success, Trump is in a very lonely chorus singing about it.","In Florida, some of the president's fellow Republicans tried to distance themselves from Trump's comments. Candidates like Rick Scott and Ron DeSantis - they know that downplaying the scale of that disaster is not the way to make friends in Florida. A lot of Puerto Rican transplants have relocated to that state, and many of them will be voting in November.","And turning to the political news of the week, which is important. The president's former campaign chairman Paul Manafort pleaded guilty yesterday to felony conspiracy charges and agreed to cooperate with Robert Mueller's investigation. Do sources in the White House believe Paul Manafort has a lot to dish about on Donald Trump and\/or the Trump campaign?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The president's claim of success in assisting Puerto Rico during Hurricane Maria is false.","questions":"How did some of the president's fellow Republicans respond to his comments on Puerto Rico?","answer":"Distance"}
{"text":["What happens if you and all of your neighbors don't get your corn into the field?Like I say, as you've told me now, you've got like only about a fraction in the ground if what you normally would have at this time of year. Are we going to - forgive me for being selfish about it - are we not going to have corn this summer to go with our barbecues and everything else or what?What's going to happen?","The corn the majority of the Midwest grows goes toward feeding pigs, feeding cows, feeding a lot of different livestock, also goes toward corn oil and ethanol and various products that are on our store shelves. Long story short, we're looking at lower supply, which should increase the price if the demand stays the same.","But before we let you go, I mentioned that you're a fourth-generation farmer. And I presume that you've talked to your parents about the rain situation, the heavy rains. Have they ever seen anything like this before?","No. This is relatively unprecedented. I was talking to a neighbor here the other day about the drought in 2012. And, you know, we had a really short crop in 2012 because it got so hot and so dry. The corn crop didn't amount to anything, but at least we were able to get it in the ground. When you go out into a situation like this where we can't get the seed into the ground, it's worse than a drought for the fact that, you know, you don't even have a chance."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Although there will be lower corn supply, the demand will remain the same, resulting in an increase in corn price.","questions":"Which product can see an increase in price due to lower supply mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Corn-oil"}
{"text":["Let me ask you this. Do you know Pat Cipollone?","We've met.","I assume he is also very familiar with the Constitution having gotten as far as he has in his legal career.","Look, he's doing what his client wants him to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Pat Cipollone has become well known and is making a great deal of money.","questions":"Which career has Pat Cipollone achieved success in?","answer":"Constitution"}
{"text":["What changed your mind because you did start college for a while?","Well, ever heard of the Three Cs?Civilian Conservation Corps, that was started by Franklin Delano Roosevelt, at that time the president of the United States. And he started that program to get young boys like me off the street and try to put them in places where they could learn a trade. And I joined that, and that's when I started to learn about gasoline engine, diesel engines and heavy equipment.","That probably served you pretty well when you went into the military. How did you get into the military and what did you do once you went in?","After I left the CCC camp, I went to the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth, Virginia. That's where I learned to run engine lathe and I made part for ships. And I wanted to volunteer for the Army, but I was drafted. And drafted and was sent to Camp Ellis, Illinois where I take my basic training and went to - overseas in a quartermaster service company in Germany, first France."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"And drafted and was sent to Camp Ellis, Illinois where I take my basic training and went to - overseas in a quartermaster service company in Germany, first France.\" - The phrase \"take my basic training\" is a figurative expression meaning to undergo or complete the required military training, rather than actually taking or carrying something.","questions":"Which term describes the phrase \"take my basic training\"?","answer":"Figurative"}
{"text":["Correct.","And is there a difference in spider silk as opposed to the silkworm silk?","There are many similarities between the two, as a family of proteins. There are also some distinct differences. There are many different kinds of both spider silks and silkworm silks. The silk we use for this particular study is really based on a purified version of what's present in the textile world, and we choose that because the infrastructure is there, the supplies are there to really utilize this in a widespread application like vaccine distribution that we're talking about.","So you could use it for more than just vaccines?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There are other potential uses for the silk beyond vaccine distribution.","questions":"Which potential uses?","answer":"Uses"}
{"text":["So, it sounds like, what you're saying, is that the two political parties, the two major political parties, have reshaped over time how they choose these representatives which then choose their representative for the race. How has this movement by the political parties set them up differently?","You mentioned a little bit about the winner-take-all system versus proportionality. What are these parties trying to do if you can kind of think in the form of a large institution?","Yes. Well, if you go back a generation or two, both parties pretty much chose their presidential candidates in what was often referred to as the smoke-filled room. In other words, you would go to the convention, there would be several people who wanted the job, they would be campaigning in a variety of ways, and they would have some delegates who they consider to be their delegates because there had been a few primaries. And there were a few primaries in certain states that go way back in our history through the 20th century - Oregon, Wisconsin, a few others.","And these people would then get to the convention - some of them pledged, some of them not pledged, most of them people who were party professionals or already office holders - and they would kind of get together at some point or another in some backroom and decide which one of the presidential candidates would be strongest. And that person, eventually, after several ballots, would get the nod."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This refers to an electoral system where the candidate who receives the majority of votes in a particular area or district wins all the available seats, rather than literally taking everything. Similarly, \"proportionality\" refers to a system where the allocation of seats or representation is based on the proportion of votes received by each party, rather than the exact meaning of the word.","questions":"What is the winner-take-all system?","answer":"System"}
{"text":["Yeah. I think people are starting to back away from that a little bit because there are enough little pockets where you could get some ice accumulating every summer and not melting out because, basically, you have the wind that pushes that together and piles it up. So you have always have a few places where it's piled up. But on the other hand, that will be a fairly small part of the Arctic, quite a small bit. So it's not - so for practical purposes, the ocean will look ice-free, and the North Pole may be sort of in a large area of no ice at all. Occasionally, right now, there are cracks and there are openings that drift around. And so, sometimes, the North Pole itself is in an ice-free area.","Open water, yeah.","But it could be possible to be in a large area of open water in the coming decades. That's the expectation.","The other enormous area of a white, reflective surface is the ice cap that covers the island of Greenland, the biggest island in the world. And that this summer also had a really powerful melt."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The Arctic may have pockets of ice even when it appears ice-free","questions":"How would the Arctic appear even if it has pockets of ice?","answer":"Ice"}
{"text":["Yeah. I mean, I don't think they're damaging at all. I think Putin can be quite happy with these results. He had a real problem two years ago after the intervention in Ukraine. Western powers were ignoring and isolating Russia. Obama called the country a regional power. And today, Putin is deciding war and peace in Syria. And, you know, he's being attributed with powers of influencing a U. S.  election. So, in some ways, it makes Russia seem much bigger than it really is.","One thing to keep in mind is that Russians have been told, for some time, that they're at war with the West, not really a shooting war but an information war, sort of a struggle for influence. So there's a widespread perception here that Russia is, itself, the victim of a Western conspiracy. So I think you can say, from the Kremlin's perspective, Russia's just giving the West a taste of its own medicine. More broadly speaking, I think this report really doesn't matter very much here in Moscow. People here are waiting for the inauguration of Donald Trump and nothing else really matters.","NPR's Moscow correspondent Lucian Kim, thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : that Russia views itself as a victim of a Western conspiracy and is retaliating with its own tactics.","questions":"How does Russia perceive itself in relation to the West?","answer":"Retaliation"}
{"text":["But today, the Reverend Al Sharpton, members of Bell's family, and other community leaders are taking these protests one step further. They'll march and stage pray-ins throughout New York City. One of the sites is House of the Lord Church in downtown Brooklyn, led by the Reverend Herb Daughtry. We talked to the reverend yesterday about his plans for the protest.","What we're supposed to do is assemble at various sites around the city and then march to the action site. That is the place where we will submit ourselves, some of us, to an arrest. Hopefully, in so doing, we will tie up the city so that there will be - there would be no movement, no motion. And everybody in the city and indeed across the nation will get the message that we will not stand for policemen, the people we pay to protect us, to kill us.","Reverend, when you talk about blocking things off and shutting things down, does that mean that you will literally block the streets?","Obviously, I don't want to be too specific, but we have assembling points. Points where we tell people to assemble. Here in Brooklyn, it's at our church, the House of the Lord Church. Now, once people have assembled, then we will go to the designated sites of action, where the civil disobedience will take place.","Sean Bell was a young man. Have you been able to reach out to people who are in their 20s or even in their teens to try to get them to join on to this protest?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The protest will be disruptive and cause inconvenience to the city","questions":"Which term describes the impact the protest will have on the city?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["And one thing I have learned in writing \"Big Game\" is that the NFL is a big club. We think we know everything; there's all this insider access that the NFL sells. But Colin Kaepernick, Donald Trump - these are outsiders who sort of stormed the club in their own ways. And they try to reveal things. And Colin Kaepernick, by way of this lawsuit, is going to put some very, very uncomfortable people in open court, potentially, in ways that could really expose a lot and sort of open a lot more Pandora's boxes.","Moving on in your book, I infer that Donald Trump might never have become president if the NFL owners had let him buy a football team.","That is the great thought experiment here. Donald Trump - he's tried to get into the NFL for maybe about four decades. If Donald Trump had gotten the Buffalo Bills in 2014, and it's not clear that he was ever close - he was sort of laughed out of the room in some ways - the NFL might have a very different headache or non-headache from the White House. And Donald Trump could be torturing them from within.","Well, why didn't they like his bid for the Bills or any other team he's made over the years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : If Trump owned an NFL team, he would use his position to cause trouble for the NFL","questions":"Which club could Donald Trump have potentially caused trouble for, according to turn 2?","answer":"NFL"}
{"text":["Well, right. And no U. S.  commander - speaking from experience - would put the aircraft in that kind of a situation. And for your audience, that reason is that, unlike aircraft - surveillance aircraft in the past, the kind of sensor systems that are onboard this drone are such that they can see dozens and dozens and dozens of miles away from the aircraft. So, you know, it's flying up above 50,000 feet over the Strait of Hormuz. It can monitor the entire strait plus see inside Iran without having to fly over it.","Just a little bit more detail, if you would, on this. . .","Sure.",". . . Specific drone - we're told it was an RQ-4 Global Hawk surveillance drone. Do you have any sense of how many of those are out flying over the region, how widely used they are?What intel are they collecting?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement implies that the advanced drones are being more appreciated unlike aircrafts.","questions":"What kind of sensor systems are onboard the drone?","answer":"Sensor"}
{"text":["Well, maybe before 20 September, yes, but maybe after 20 September, there might be some people from the military that think that, well, he has went too far. Actually after Trump support and blind support to Sissi, the number of people who has been arrested have been increased dramatically. So I would say that endorsing and supporting Sissi publicly by Trump give him a green light to continue and to continue crackdown on peaceful dissent.","I'm told, Mr.  Zaree, that you're on the travel ban list. Are you worried about your own safety?","I'm always worried about my own safety. And I am worried about the safety of my family. But at the same time, I can't just see what's happening and remain silent.","Mohamed Zaree is with the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies. Thank you, sir."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Trump supported Sissi without obtaining information about the man and what he does.","questions":"How did Trump's endorsement of Sissi affect dissent?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["They have indeed, but not through Jordan, as far as I know.","And you talked about hedging your bets. Doesn't that risk putting your bets on the wrong side if, indeed, the rebels do topple, which from what you say, the regime believes is only a matter of time. Why don't they put their bets on - with the opposition?","That's a debate that is actually going on inside the country today. As I said, 82 percent of Jordanians are with the uprising, not all of them, however, are with any military intervention against the Syrian regime. This is a very sensitive issue in Arab politics, to be seen as actively working militarily against an Arab regime. Still, as I said, the sentiments of the people in Jordan, not all of them, but the overwhelming majority of them, are with the uprising. And the country, I would expect, the government, will probably have to change its position as developments move. It's a fair question to ask. You know, one day, we'll be able to do so. There are many who have asked the government to take on a sort of a clearer position on the Syrian crisis than it has so far.","How porous is the border?If people wanted to operate across it clandestinely, would they be able to do so?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Hedging bets may not be a wise decision and the rebels may win. Regime may be wrong about the outcome","questions":"Which decision may not be wise according to the statement?","answer":"Hedging"}
{"text":["Well, I think a lot of people think after such a long stretch of economic growth, we're due for a recession. It's often said by economists that expansions don't die of old age. They have to be murdered, usually by the Fed or financial crisis.","(Laughter).","So that might happen. There are some warning signs out there. We had a bad job market report. We'll get more - another glimpse of the job market report at the end of this week. Manufacturing is soft. But one thing that's interesting is some people worry that long periods of steady growth, low rates and rising stock prices breed complacency, and that could end badly.","OK, David. Thanks so much. That's David Wessel."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : long stretch in this context means a long era ","questions":"How does \"long stretch\" refer to the period of economic growth in the dialogue?","answer":"Period"}
{"text":["Yes.",". . . Following the election in 2000, when - and I'm sure the news industry was part of it.","(Laughter).","A lot of people said, how can the greatest country in the - you know, you can go to an ATM and get $200. Why can't we have a sleek, electronic voting system in this country?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The news industry was partly responsible for the controversy surrounding the 2000 election and its aftermath, as people questioned why the U.S. had not adopted a more efficient and reliable voting system.","questions":"What was the reason for the controversy surrounding the 2000 election?","answer":"Controversy"}
{"text":["Actually, you know, the property itself is a mess. It's been broken into by, like, vandals, and it looks like the inside of the Titanic. But I was talking to someone a few days ago, actually, who was saying that when they originally - the new - after Tesla lost the land, a film company came in and took it over and was working there, producing film for like 40 years. And a lot of Tesla's old equipment was still there. So what they actually ended up doing with a lot of it was just burying it. So there's actually some people think that some of his old stuff is still underneath there, including - there's a room and he built some sort of underground resonance chamber. I don't know what that means; it sounds impressive. But it might still be down there like this giant, big, crazy Tesla room. So, you know, I don't. . .","That would be exciting.","That would be cool to dig out stuff, but I don't know if it's there or not. But it still kind of gives the property a bit of, I don't know, bit of magic.","So what's the plan for the property?I mean, you guys raised enough money to build it, I think with a grant from New York State too?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Exciting possibility that there might be Tesla's old equipment buried.","questions":"What is the potential discovery on the property?","answer":"Tesla"}
{"text":["(Singing) I want to go to a place Where every dream of mine comes true. And then I look at the stars And pick out one just for you.","You know, it strikes me that in some ways, this album is more like the singer-songwriters like Jill Scott than your previous work as a group. Who do you listen to?Obviously, you have your own sound, but who do you listen to?","Well, right now I actually haven't been listening to much music. But I have so many influences going back to like the late '70s and '80s. From different gospel artists and R&B, and later on I got into jazz. So it would be so tedious just to say, you know, who my influences are, and who I listen to.","But of the current artists, I love D'Angelo, Anthony Hamilton, I think Jill Scott's fantastic, Alicia Keys, John Legend. There's a lot of independent artists out there that are great too. Eric Robeson. So there's so many fantastic artists, and I would probably say that, like you said, I do kind of have my own sound there, which I'm proud of. I mean, I was able to develop over time in the studio with my husband. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Asking about musical influences, not comparing the album to other artists","questions":"How is the singer-songwriter mentioned by PersonB similar to the album?","answer":"Similar"}
{"text":["Well, I'm here advising Ambassador Vecchio. And Ambassador Vecchio and myself have very fluid communication with members of Congress, with the State Department, with the White House. And we've always radiated and seen with very good eyes that this is a bipartisan issue.","So what does it mean to you when you hear someone like John Bolton, the national security adviser, talking about all options being on the table when it comes to support for Venezuela?Do you have any fears about military intervention?","Well, first of all, we continue to ask for all options on the table because. . .","So you want it. You want that to be a potential."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The speaker believes that all possible solutions should be considered in order to address the Venezuela crisis.","questions":"How does the speaker feel about considering multiple solutions for the Venezuela crisis?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["So I want to try making now the Syrian version of ful.","OK.","OK, I'm going to grab the red beans.","Helou got this recipe from Haj Abdo (ph), a vendor in Aleppo. All he made was ful and always had a crowd. That's how she first noticed the old man. This was years before a war broke out in Syria. She says his shop and the whole neighborhood is gone now. But back then, locals absolutely raved about his cafe. And while his ful is typically Syrian, it uses the sesame paste called tahini. Abdo had a special technique."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Haj Abdo's ful recipe is highly regarded by locals and uses a special technique despite his simple cafe.","questions":"Which recipe?","answer":"ful"}
{"text":["So I'm afraid he's not someone who looks at the situation in the same way that Western leaders do. He has different calculations, and he's trying to see if the Syrian state can be held together by Mr.  Assad. And I guess he will wait until it becomes completely apparent that that will not happen.","We're speaking with Fiona Hill, co-author with Clifford Gaddy of \"Mr.  Putin: Operative in the Kremlin. \"Her recent piece in Foreign Affairs, \"The Real Reason Putin Supports Assad: Mistaking Syria for Chechnya. \"You can find a link to that article at our website, go to npr. org, click on TALK OF THE NATION. And this is TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","Now, there is some suspicion that Syria may devolve into, well, different little warlord states, including an Alawite state led by Mr.  Assad based in the western part of the country near the Mediterranean. That's where the Alawites, 12 percent of the population live, and that's the element from which Mr.  Assad's family comes as well. At that point in the game, what does Russia do?","Well, you know, it's a very good question. I think it will depend on whether Assad asks for some kind of recognition for that state as the rump state of Syria, with the expectation that the rest of the territory might be regained. And if you think back to 2008, Putin actually has a track record already established, a recognition of entity."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : I'm afraid in this context means that the person doesn't like what they are saying but its true","questions":"Which emotion is implied by the use of \"I'm afraid\" in turn 0?","answer":"Concern"}
{"text":["In 2013, a professor there, Ethan Zuckerman, had said, look - this is a guy who's a sex offender. He's done these crimes against children, solicited procurement of prostitution of minors. He shouldn't be involved in the institute. So two years later, when Ito was making sure that he could come to the offices to look around, they essentially said, we've got to box Zuckerman out so that he won't be able to see that Epstein is on campus.","So have there been any ramifications to this other than Ito's resignation?","Well, sure. Zuckerman resigned. A couple other people have resigned affiliations with the lab. I think there's real questions focusing on the university - why this resignation didn't come sooner, why it wasn't forced. You don't need an MIT Ph. D.  to be able to read the writing on the wall that's in letters that big. And they should have had some accountability and responsibility. The initial statements didn't, you know, seem to allow the precise nature of the interactions, the precise figures involved to be obscured to the public. That's not the kind of accountability you want from a place like MIT.","Can you just talk a little bit more about what you think the bigger-picture consequences are of this?I mean, what does this lab do, and why do you think that it's important that people focus on something like this?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The \"MIT PhD\" and \"writing on the wall\" comments imply that the situation should have been obvious to all observers.","questions":"How were the comments made by \"A\" regarding the situation at MIT?","answer":"Critical"}
{"text":["That is amazing. And I want to ask about another thing here, as well, and that has to do with homeownership, which I know you have focused on. The percentage of people who own their own homes is on the way down.","That's right. The share of Americans who own their own homes, which soared during the housing boom of the 2000s, is now lower than it was back in 1995. It's turned up a little bit lately, but it's - the decline is particularly pronounced among young people - among people under age 40. In fact, when you look across the expansion, the scars of the Great Recession are most evident in people who are really the younger generations.","You know, when you talk about the difference between winners and losers, you can see it here. Home prices have gone up, which means if I already own a home, I'm in great shape and feel wealthy. But if I haven't bought in yet, I'm going to have trouble getting in.","That's absolutely true."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Decline in homeownership is affecting young people the most.","questions":"What is the age group most affected by the decline in homeownership?","answer":"People"}
{"text":["You know, that's a really great question. Our book hit No. 3 on the New York Times bestseller list on Wednesday. And here I am having written this book and stepping into a different version of, you know, women's rights feminist icon. And it's something I'm really proud of because I had to really educate myself on what I believe to be true.","And so I - I don't know. I think that recreating a person's identity is happening on the daily. And I - for me - I want to keep breaking free from all of these identities and get down to that last one, which is human. And I hope that people out there feel the same way because we are all the same matter.","That soccer star Abby Wambach.","Abby, thank you."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B: \"Abby, thank you\" - This turn has a literal meaning as it is a polite expression of gratitude towards the person being addressed.","questions":"How did PersonB express gratitude towards Abby?","answer":"Abby"}
{"text":["Oh, by all means. I mean, the family in particular has been just, I mean, courageous. I've been at this 50 years now, and sometimes families withdraw, and we understand that. But this family has been a model of participation in all of the rallies, the demonstrations that we've had, and some of the members will be arrested. Therefore, they have sent a message across the city, indeed across the nation, rallying young people because Sean was about 22, 23, rallying young people to this cause.","Now, you and Reverend Sharpton's National Action Network were involved in protests around the shooting death of Amadou Diallo. Civil disobedience played a big role in those protests. What do you think those protests taught you, or what did you learn from them?","Well, you know, we've been doing this across the years. There's nothing new about a civil disobedience. But having 1,200 people arrested in a daily civil disobedience venture is phenomenal. It made an impact upon the police department itself and upon the politics in New York. Giuliani was the mayor at that time.","We hope that we will have a residential law. That is to say that policemen should live where they work. So that would mean you kill where you live. And I suspect that if you're going to kill where you live, you'll be more inclined not to kill, and we hope that there would be an independent civilian complaint review board that would review the behavior of the police."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The family in question has shown exceptional bravery and commitment to activism.","questions":"How would you describe the family's involvement in activism?","answer":"Courageous"}
{"text":["In a word, Ari - schadenfreude. I think at this moment, whether you look at politics or society in general, there is a lot of concern about fraud, about misrepresentation, people not being who they say they are, not to mention a lot of resentment of wealth and privilege and all the trappings that come with it. And the way this story has unfolded, the fact that these families really seem to believe that the rules should not apply to them - that's been galling to many people.","And then look at the setting, right?So elite colleges are the source of such cultural fascination. Some would say obsession. Highly selective colleges - you know, they only enroll about 1 percent of all college students. So they're very, very small. But then again, they have these brands that are known all over the world. And they're supposed to stand for merit, for hard work, for the best and the brightest.","And so when you look at something like this or, even bigger, the legacy admissions or the fact that some wealthy donors can write a check and get their kid into college that way supposedly, it - all of this is really going to undermine the idea of having institutions in our society that represent hard work and being kind of excellent.","So where do these cases go from here?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Implied meaning: People are feeling resentment and anger towards people who think they don't have to follow the same rules as everyone else. ","questions":"How are people feeling towards those who believe they are exempt from the rules?","answer":"Resentment"}
{"text":["And you can do that just out of a gut feeling, or experience or cracking the file?Or how does that work?","Well, it uses statistics. You know, it's kind of a little bit like the whole money ball argument that we hear about baseball. But it goes through the file, and it looks, and it kind of sees that - you could say the noise in the image is not right, and often it's a little too random. It's almost a little bit too perfect, you might say.","And then the statistics comes out, and it says oh, well, you know, it gives you a number, and the number is over a threshold, and you say oh, that's an alarm bell, and I'll look at it.","It must be an interesting history to this whole steganography idea."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Money ball\" is a term used to describe a strategy of using analytics to optimize performance in sports, suggesting that the speaker is using a similar strategy to identify suspicious files.","questions":"Which term describes the strategy of using analytics to optimize performance in sports?","answer":"Money-ball"}
{"text":["Well, we have very large ones - gorillas are our largest - all the way down to Cotton-top Tamarins, which are probably about a pound.","You've been there for quite a few hours already. How's the day going so far?","My morning has been fairly busy. I went down to our gorilla area. We have a gorilla that has some teeth issues, and we were brushing her teeth. We did a dental rinse on her and getting them ready to go out in their habitat for the day. And I went early this morning to our Mandrill building and was checking the exhibit. We're doing some rehab work and mandrills went out for the first time in several months.","Mandrills is a type of animal?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : a pound refers and implies to a body weight and not one British pound","questions":"What does the phrase \"a pound\" refer to?","answer":"Weight"}
{"text":["What is your guideline?When do you tell an officer he or she has to start recording?","NOPD policy requires them to record the entire encounter until any police action has ceased. So what we're finding out though sometimes the cameras aren't on. Sometimes they aren't wearing the cameras. And those are clear violations, but then there were also supervisors telling officers things like turn it off during, you know, sensitive matters, but not defining what a sensitive matter could be.","We're also hearing complaints that only parts of interactions are being recorded. That's one of the things we're hearing now. So the misconduct is occurring off-camera, but then they're recording, you know, perfectly professional encounters on camera. So that's one of the things we're also hearing now. And. . .","That's a big complaint and, of course, you wouldn't have any - ironically or incongruously - you wouldn't have a video record of that misconduct, but you would have a video record of them doing it right."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The speaker may be expressing their dissatisfaction or disappointment in a subtle or indirect way, rather than stating it directly.","questions":"How is the speaker conveying their dissatisfaction or disappointment?","answer":"Subtle"}
{"text":["Hi, how are you Tony?","Fine. Congratulations to you for making some money when everybody's struggling. That's good news, isn't it?","It is. It's excellent news. It's a recession-proof business, so I'm very thankful for that.","What is it that makes it recession-proof, in your view?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Everybody isn't struggling, but enough people are to make it notable that Person A is making money.","questions":"Which person is making money in a recession-proof business?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Well, the French have the best intelligence and penetration of their communities in Europe. So there's going to be, as Eleanor said, a search for accomplices. The eight gunmen were killed. Seven of them blew themselves up with suicide belts, and one was shot. And Hollande restricted border access right away last night 'cause there's this concern that suspects or accomplices could escape. So this is actually exactly what happened during the Charlie Hebdo attacks in Paris earlier this year. You'll recall there was a gunman who took hostages in a kosher market. And police were searching for a woman that was with him. It turns out to be his wife. And as they were searching for her, she suddenly surfaced in Syria with ISIS. So they've put all these travel restrictions in place in hopes of avoiding a repeat of that.","Dina, France bristles with visible security. This is the second major attack in a year. What makes France this target?","Well, there's sort of a perfect storm going on in France. It's the third highest - it has the third highest number of foreign fighters who've gone to Syria from Europe. About 200 of those people have returned to France. And that's just too many people to keep an eye on. I mean, in fact, during the Charlie Hebdo attacks, they said one of the reasons why they stopped watching the Charlie Hebdo attackers was because they thought they had more severe threats that they needed to keep an eye on.","NPR's Dina Temple-Raston, thanks so much."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The French government is taking extra steps to ensure that any potential accomplices do not escape.","questions":"Which country is mentioned as having the third highest number of foreign fighters who have gone to Syria from Europe?","answer":"France"}
{"text":["Dale Berra has written a book about his father and family - father most Americans know by just one name, Yogi - Lawrence \"Yogi\" Berra, the Hall of Fame catcher of the Mantle, Maris and Whitey Ford New York Yankees in the 1950s and '60s. Yogi was the American League's Most Valuable Player three times that became almost as beloved as an almost cuddly catcher who babbled with bewildering but good-natured malapropisms like, it's deja vu all over again. He went on to manage the Yankees, then the Mets. Dale Berra was himself a major leaguer with the Yankees, the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Houston Astros, but he brought down his own career with drugs. His new book, \"My Dad Yogi: A Memoir Of Family And Baseball\" - Dale Berra joins us from New York. Thank you so much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott. Thanks for having me.","Your father famously said, I never said most of the things I said. The Yogi-isms - how did he talk at home?","To tell you the truth, Dad, as we like to say, is the most quoted man who never said anything. Dad was just Dad at home."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \u2018almost cuddly catcher\u2019 means that he has a goodnatured personality and appears like a caring and non-scary person, likable to audiences","questions":"How would you describe Yogi's personality based on the turn mentioned in the statement?","answer":"Good-natured"}
{"text":["But today, the Reverend Al Sharpton, members of Bell's family, and other community leaders are taking these protests one step further. They'll march and stage pray-ins throughout New York City. One of the sites is House of the Lord Church in downtown Brooklyn, led by the Reverend Herb Daughtry. We talked to the reverend yesterday about his plans for the protest.","What we're supposed to do is assemble at various sites around the city and then march to the action site. That is the place where we will submit ourselves, some of us, to an arrest. Hopefully, in so doing, we will tie up the city so that there will be - there would be no movement, no motion. And everybody in the city and indeed across the nation will get the message that we will not stand for policemen, the people we pay to protect us, to kill us.","Reverend, when you talk about blocking things off and shutting things down, does that mean that you will literally block the streets?","Obviously, I don't want to be too specific, but we have assembling points. Points where we tell people to assemble. Here in Brooklyn, it's at our church, the House of the Lord Church. Now, once people have assembled, then we will go to the designated sites of action, where the civil disobedience will take place.","Sean Bell was a young man. Have you been able to reach out to people who are in their 20s or even in their teens to try to get them to join on to this protest?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The protest will be disruptive and cause inconvenience to the city","questions":"How will the protest affect the city?","answer":"Disruptive"}
{"text":["Oh, no. There was a rally last week, but it was a - that was a buffoon bus. And it was a - it was a freak show, to be honest with you. I mean, it really was bizarre. I mean, it was a bunch of people from out of town in a bus, you know, yelling and screaming. I mean, it really was not much of anything, but. . .","I just want to interject. They may not share that characterization, but go ahead please, sir.","Yeah, I'm sure they don't, but it's accurate (laughter). But I really had no serious challenge from the left or the right. My re-election prospects looked quite good, actually. Most of my colleagues have multiple opponents. You know, I had just one who announced in the right, and I had one who announced from the left, but neither of whom are particularly viable.","Why leave when, arguably, your voice - it's more important than ever that you be heard?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) - This turn implies that the speaker is urging the other speaker to stay and lend their voice to the debate, as their opinion is important and relevant.","questions":"Which speaker is being urged to stay and lend their voice to the debate?","answer":"Other"}
{"text":["Antivirus experts are calling Flame one of the most complex threats ever discovered. Once a machine is infected, the operator of the malware can expand its functionality almost like adding apps to a smartphone. Its operators sent out another app with orders to erase it this week, leaving no tracks behind.","Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?","Well, different from the average run-of-the-mill malware that criminals use?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Thank you.\" - The literal meaning is a polite response to being welcomed to the show. The implied meaning is that the guest is ready and willing to contribute to the discussion.","questions":"What was the guest's response to being welcomed to the show?","answer":"expand"}
{"text":["Well, you know, the military hardware is not my specialty. I kind of look at the refugees, so good for you. But what I do know and what we can count is that they have been pretty effective in taking down some of these planes. There was a MiG that was shot down outside of Damascus. And so, in effect, this is their homemade stinger, they're homemade SAM-7. And all of this stuff has been captured from Syrian airbases. They continue to ask for these weapons from the international community.","In some ways it's become a way to say, do you support us?And if you do, will you give us those weapons?I have talked to a number of military analysts who say they don't really need outside weapons. They are beginning to capture what they need.","NPR correspondent Deborah Amos on the border between Turkey and Syria. You're listening to TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. And as the areas under rebel control expand, are there coalitions developing between these local groups that have liberated various areas?Are there frictions developing among these groups?","We asked that today in this small town, and there is a council that has formed there. But these are people who've never done this before. They have committees for finding flour for the bakeries. They have committees for the refugees. They have committees for cleaning up the town. But all of this is done with no money. And because what happens when you are in a, quote, \"liberated area,\" when the rebels liberate the area from the government, you are essentially under sanctions from the government."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The rebels are effectively using weapons they captured from Syrian airbases.","questions":"Which airbase did the rebels capture weapons from?","answer":"Unknown"}
{"text":["Yes. That was one of my big questions. Is that's possible?Or do we just make up strategies to pretend that we're leading normal lives?We were all carrying coins in our pockets to be able to call from a payphone if there was a bombing and say I'm OK.  We were spending more and more time indoors. So, we changed our way of living social lives. And we also changed the way we were sons and daughters because we knew that something could happen to your loved ones. So, no, no, there were not normal times. But it's astonishing, this capability humans have to pretend. It's very useful, by the way, but I don't know if it's entirely what we should do.","Juan Gabriel Vasquez. His new novel is \"The Sounds of Things Falling. \"It's translated by Anne McLean. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you very much, Mr.  Simon. It was a pleasure to talk to you.","You're listening to WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The host is signaling the end of the segment, indicating that the program is transitioning to a different topic or ending.","questions":"How did the host conclude the segment?","answer":"Ending"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News & Notes.","1. 5 million. That's the number of people reportedly incarcerated in the United States. Beginning in the 1980s, the nation saw an ever-expanding prison industry, designed to manage a steady stream of new felons and recidivists. Now some states are finding they can't afford the billions of tax dollars supporting the prison system. Rethinking the role of rehabilitation may be part of the answer. That's what Jennifer Gonnerman says. She's a journalist covering the prison beat, and her latest article kicks off a special edition of Mother Jones magazine that examines the prison system. Jennifer, great to have you on.","Thanks so much for having me, Farai.","So this is a whole special issue on the issue of prisons. Your article talks about the economic impact the prison system is having on the nation. So what kind of money are we talking about?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The prison industry has become too expensive for some states to handle and rehabilitation is a possible solution","questions":"What is the possible solution for the expensive prison industry?","answer":"Rehabilitation"}
{"text":["I'm Farai Chideya, and this is News & Notes. How much are you willing to spend on a bottle of fine wine?Thirty dollars?Maybe 60?How about more?And how do we know what makes a wine premium?There are nearly 6,000 wineries in the U. S.  African-Americans own fewer than a dozen. Stephen Sterling is one of those owners, and he's on a quest to educate African-Americans about the pleasures of fine wine.","Stephen is a co-owner of the family owned Esterlina Vineyards and Winery and Everett Ridge Vineyards and Winery. He's also the president of the Association of African-American Vintners. Welcome, Stephen.","Welcome. Thank you for having the African-American Vintners as part of your show today.","Well, give us some examples of some of the fancier places that your wine has been served."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The speaker is asking how much someone is willing to spend on wine but also questioning how people determine what makes a wine premium. African Americans own very few wineries in the US and the guest is working to educate them about fine wine.","questions":"What organization is Stephen Sterling the president of?","answer":"Fewer"}
{"text":["Yes, they are in re-settlement areas. For example, in Mozambique you have 258,000 people, 90,000 of whom have been displaced over the past month or so. In Malawi you already have 700 cholera cases that have been reported. You have about 152,000 people who have been affected. So they are moving away from their home areas into re-settlement camps.","Let's move to Kenya in the east of Africa. The talks between President Kibaki and opposition leader Raila Odinga continue today outside of Nairobi and the negotiations are being mediated by former U. N.  Secretary General Kofi Annan. Since the post-election violence began in late December, more than 1,000 people have been killed and hundreds of thousands have been displaced. There are also reports of a wave of sexual violence against women who've been displaced by this turmoil. So Cassandra, what's going on here?","Since the violence after the disputed elections on December 27th, we're seeing that this situation has put women and girls at great risk of sexual assault. We know that always in situations of conflict women and girls are in danger. And in Kenya it is no different. We are hearing reports from Nairobi, from the Nairobi general hospital, that there may be as many as double the number of cases of rape within the days following the eruption of the violence.","And what we know is that for every case that is being treated or is being reported, there are many more victims who fail to seek help."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The talks between Kibaki and Odinga are aimed at ending violence and unrest in Kenya.","questions":"How many people have been killed in the post-election violence in Kenya?","answer":"1,000"}
{"text":["What are the problems in getting aid to arrive?","You know, and it's interesting to note - it's been, like, a week for a lot of these people because on Monday people started going into these shelters as it moved there. So, you know, for the people that are there, it's feeling really like it's been a long time.","There are still a lot of roads that are blocked going into some of these areas. These are remote areas. Some of them only had one road to begin with. Trees are down. Power lines have fallen across, so those are blocked. You know, they need to get the bulldozers in there in terms of clearing those roads so that access can actually get in there. So that is actually the biggest hold up in reaching what were really the hardest hit parts of Haiti.","And there must be concern about the spread of Zika, malaria, cholera and other diseases."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  Implied meaning: There is a fear of the spread of Zika, malaria, cholera, and other diseases due to the lack of access to aid.","questions":"How are the people in the affected areas feeling?","answer":"Long"}
{"text":["Well, absolutely. That would be a sin for me. . .",". . . to put inaccurate science into my work. So you're right. And it's true. Even though this transposition or this abrupt shift of the monarch migratory pattern is an invention, I wanted to frame it in a plausible way. And the fact is, one of the manifestations that we're already seeing that's really very straightforward to document is migratory shift in - especially birds. Almost - the great majority of North American bird species have already shifted their migratory patterns and their breeding ranges.","And so I thought this is a sensible beginning place, so that if I could ground this fictional event in real science, that would be - it wouldn't be a sin. It would be both good fiction and good science, if you see what I mean.","I do. Did you have to do a lot of reporting?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It would be a mistake for me to do that.","questions":"How would PersonA describe the inclusion of inaccurate science in their work?","answer":"Sin"}
{"text":["Well, that Times story illustrates a couple of points, one of which it promptly got the Times banned, that edition.","It did. Yes, which is predictable.","Yeah. I think they knew that. And no one's above the law. This guy's family has got $2. 7 billion.","And that's the whole point. It's why that's such a striking quote for someone to say that no one is above the law. The fact of the matter, in China, the Communist Party is above the law. The courts follow what the party says in any sort of politically sensitive case. There is no rule of law. And so how you actually solve this problem is very, very difficult, especially with a party that does not want to share power, that feels that it can police itself. But increasingly, if you talk to ordinary Chinese, they don't feel that way. They do - even by blocking the Times site, most people don't know that story, but they do know the story of many other officials who have done wrong, you know, have done bad things. And so there is, I think, an emerging crisis of confidence in the party, particularly around the issue of corruption."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"And no one's above the law. This guy's family has got $2.7 billion.\" - Literal meaning: The person's wealth is irrelevant to the statement that no one is above the law. Actual meaning: None. This turn is meant literally.","questions":"What is the family's net worth mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["And he met a tragic end, I gather.","Yup. Much like Martin Luther King, he had his young life cut short by gunfire from a white assassin.","I don't understand how America doesn't know so much about him and why Philadelphia took so long to recognize him.","I think part of it is that in the decades after reconstruction, there was almost a big version of what we might now call a white backlash. America got into the birth of a nation era when that movie depicted Klansmen as heroes and black leaders of reconstruction as morons and sexual predators when in fact there's this whole rich history that lots of good historians have started to dig out in the last few decades of black political activists who even began their activism right at the tail end of slavery."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The actual meanings of these turns are: (2) Martin Luther King was killed by a white assassin; (3) America doesn't understand or appreciate the contributions of black leaders during Reconstruction; (4) America's history of racism and white supremacy has been ignored or minimized for many decades.","questions":"How was Martin Luther King's life ended?","answer":"gunfire"}
{"text":["Yes, sir.","The Post and Courier, which is the newspaper there in Charleston, they got an article that between 1982 and 2011 there have been 25 high school track-related deaths either to the discus, the shot put or the javelin.","Correct.","And some, I mean, you know, some pretty gruesome descriptions of javelin injuries. You're not intimidated by that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"You're not intimidated by that?\" - This turn is a rhetorical question and does not literally ask whether the person is intimidated or not, but instead implies that they should be intimidated.","questions":"What is the implied emotion behind turn 3?","answer":"Intimidation"}
{"text":["They do but it's almost imperceptible. They're - they have pretty soft body for ants and unless they get you in a very sensitive part, you can't even feel it. But in fire ants - fire ants have a stinger so they sting. So that's what the painful part of a fire ant sting is.","What's the future of these guys?Do you think that they're going to populate the whole South?I mean is there any limit to their migration?","Well, there are several limits, and we don't know what a lot of them are yet. One very important limit in the short term is that they do - they don't have winged dispersal. So they don't send out ants - winged ants to form new colonies, which means their spread is quite slow over land, about 200 meters a year radially.","So the only way that they can colonize distant places is when people pick them up and move them, which unfortunately people do a lot. And they do it because these ants like to live in these pre-existing cavities, like flower pots or plywoods you left on the ground too long or old boxes. So that's one limitation to their spread. Others are that - are abiotic(ph) limitations like freeze tolerance and drought tolerance. And we don't know yet what those are for this species."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They like to live in holes of things such as pots and the ground.","questions":"How do crazy ants colonize distant places?","answer":"Preexisting."}
{"text":["The United Nation says it's made an agreement that will gradually release 3,000 child soldiers from an armed group in South Sudan. The children are between 11 and 17 years of age. They have spent their childhoods fighting and killing for a group called the South Sudan Democratic Army Cobra faction. Jonathan Veitch, UNICEF's South Sudan representative, says these children have been forced to do and see things that no child should ever experience. Sudan has a long history of civil war and using children for war. Only a few of the thousands of children who get captured and dragged into the conflict manage to escape. Emmanuel Jal did. He's now an actor and musician in Toronto, who had a role in last year's film \"The Good Lie. \"He was 8 years old when he became a child soldier.","Most of us have seen our homes burned down, have seen terrible things happen. So, I mean, I witness one of my aunt raped in our home area. And witnessing and seeing my home village burned down and then when we're told that I'm going to be given skills and a gun to fight the people who did that to my homeland, there was not much for me to be convinced.","What was life for you like as a child soldier?","It's hell seeing 6, 7 years old burying their own dead. Nobody's going to give them questions when they're beginning to ask questions. Simple questions - why are we here?Where's my mommy?That's when you get to know, like, these are children sometimes when the terrible things happen."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Emmanuel Jal was willing to join the army, because he wanted revenge for the people who caused harm to his home and family. ","questions":"How did Emmanuel Jal feel about the people who caused harm to his home and family?","answer":"Revenge"}
{"text":["Tell me a little bit about Riot Games. They're funding a lot of esports events.","Yeah.","What is their role in this?","They are creating a lot of the games. They've been out in front and doing a ton of deals. They did a deal with the Big Ten Network where they sponsor an esports tournament among Big Ten schools, and the winner of that tournament sort of gets a scholarship to one of the Big Ten schools. They're very heavily involved in sort of not only developing the games but also developing the business in total."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Task Don't just paraphase the words! Find the implicated meaning! We don't want answers like: to be silent means stay quiet and not making noise, bad answer!  Please read the examples above carefully!      (1)\tB:\tTell me a little bit about Riot Games.They're funding a lot of esports events. (2)\tA:\tYeah. (3)\tB:\tWhat is their role in this? (4)\tA:\tThey are creating a lot of the games.They've been out in front and doing a ton of deals.They did a deal with the Big Ten Network where they sponsor an esports tournament among Big Ten schools, and the winner of that tournament sort of gets a scholarship to one of the Big Ten schools.They're very heavily involved in sort of not only developing the games but also developing the business in total.  Please choose the turns whose actual meanings are different from their literal meanings.   (1)  (2)  (3)  (4)","questions":"What do Riot Games sponsor among Big Ten schools?","answer":"Esports"}
{"text":["Well, what it does is it does away with the prohibition against rating on pre-existing conditions, meaning that if you have a pre-existing condition - and about a third of us do - that you could be charged a much higher rate for insurance. So let me give you an example. Somebody is working, they have insurance, and they have a catastrophic illness - cancer, some other calamity. They have to stop working because they need to get their condition taken care of. If they're out for 60 days, they lose their insurance. And now, they have to pay whatever the insurance company decides is the premium because they are - now have a pre-existing condition. Somebody in that situation may never be able to accumulate enough money to pay the very high premiums and get back on the cycle of having continuous insurance coverage.","Now, of course, Speaker Ryan looks forward to what are called now high-risk pools. These would be plans that are essentially devoted to try and accommodate people who have expensive and pre-existing conditions. You're not convinced that would do it.","Well, I think that the problem with those is in the fine print. First of all, very often they are not adequately funded. And many of the high-risk pools have lifetime caps, lifetime limits.","What kind of reforms would you like to make?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) Please choose a confidence score ( marks how confidence you are that there is implied meaning in this turn ) :   4 : You are not sure whether everybody will agree that this turn has implied meanings but you believe that most of them will Please write a implied meaning ( More than 8 words! ) :","questions":"What is the problem with high-risk pools?","answer":"Limits"}
{"text":["Yeah, I don't think there's been a response to it yet - not that I've seen. And I guess, you know, it puts a cloud on it. The special relationship was given a boost by the birth of Meghan's and Prince Harry's baby. And that was seen as sort of a good omen ahead of this visit, unfortunately, now is being, obviously, overshadowed by what Donald Trump has said. That may be a prelude to what he may say about other people here.","And I think the concern is that Donald Trump will use this and kind of abuse the invitation. He'll be given all the kind of welcome that he can expect in a royal visit. But is he going to return the favor, or is he going to bring up these tricky diplomatic issues, which are kind of flies in the ointment in the relationship as it currently stands?","So, Dominic, what I'm hearing from you is that there's a great deal of apprehension from the actual government that invited him. So is anything likely to come out of this trip that might be beneficial to the United Kingdom?","Well, if you talk to diplomats that - and their answer is that these state visits are hugely important. But in the background, there's a lot of sort of diplomatic nitty-gritty going on. There's a lot of business deals being made. And the hope is that this continues to cement that relationship, which we're told is greater than the sort of personal relationship currently in the heart of it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Cement\" is figurative, not literal. It refers to making the relationship healthy for a longer period of time.","questions":"What does \"cement\" refer to in turn 3?","answer":"Relationship"}
{"text":["Oh, man, so I actually called my employees and told them they don't have to come in the next day because it was going to be freezing. And I don't want. . .","Yeah. You're in the real estate business I gather, right?","I am in the real estate business. I'm a real estate investor. But as I laid there in bed about to watch some TV and have a glorious day, what happens is I got to thinking. And I told my husband - and I said, you know what?Let's go rent 20 hotel rooms. And he said, that's fine, but how are we going to get all these people to these hotel rooms?And so I went on social media and I posted, hey, I'm renting 20 hotel rooms for the homeless. If anyone has a van or a passenger van that will help me transport the homeless to the hotel, I'll pay you. And it went completely viral. It allowed us to go from 20 rooms to 59 rooms for four nights. And I'm at the hotel now, and there are still - people are just pulling up now trying to give donations to pay for more nights.","You've met a lot of the people that you've helped out, I gather."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : He is implying that she helps a lot of people.","questions":"How does PersonB describe PersonA's impact on people?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["He says that. But the question is, is this chaotic approach getting any results?He doesn't have a better deal with Iran. He doesn't have any deal with North Korea. And you have to wonder what other countries are thinking. Even Mexico, after approving a free trade deal, a no tariff deal, all of a sudden, he turned around and threatened tariffs on Mexico for an unrelated issue. So it makes it unclear for other countries who want to deal with the United States, whether they're our allies or our enemies.","And then, at least with Iran, the situation is unchanged. What happens next time there's a conflict in the Gulf?","All right. Let's look at another policy turnaround. As we've mentioned, the president has, as you know, talked tough on immigration for a very long time. It's his signature issue. Earlier in the week, he said he would deport a million immigrants starting today, but now he has postponed those raids, and he says he will resume them if the Democrats don't agree to change the asylum laws. What's going on?","Well, it's more whiplash as - on his way to his first big rally of his reelection campaign, that's when he said he was going to deport millions. Immigration has always been the go-to issue to energize his base. On the other hand, he has competing political imperatives because his immigration policies are costing him with independent voters, with suburban women. And it turns out that Nancy Pelosi did call him over the weekend, asked him to delay these raids, which were going to deport thousands, not millions."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The whiplash means that a person turns their head around quickly as the other person change's their opinions.","questions":"Which word describes the sudden change in the president's deportation policy?","answer":"Whiplash"}
{"text":["Yeah.","And when you see him and you're an American and you see that, you're like I did that. I can't run and hide and say that I don't have some kind of responsibility in that.","Yeah. How long did this take you to write?","You know, originally I tried to write a book actually about an American nurse during the American war there and I worked on that for maybe a couple of years. And I realized that that book I was working on should really just be a memoir. And the truth is that there are memoirs written by American nurses and doctors. And so I went back to Vietnam in 2010. And when I was there, that's when I discovered for the first time this story about a woman named Phan Thi Bich Hang, who is the, quote-unquote, \"official psychic of Vietnam. \"She was bitten by a rabid dog when she was 5 years old. And when she came out of her coma, she could hear the voices of the dead. And the government actually uses her to help them find the remains of soldiers and other people who are historically prominent in Vietnam."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"And the truth is that there are memoirs written by American nurses and doctors.\" The speaker is not necessarily asserting that this statement is objectively true, but rather using it as a way to transition from discussing their own failed writing project to their discovery of a new topic.","questions":"Which profession does the speaker mention in turn 3 that has written memoirs?","answer":"Doctors"}
{"text":["The charges are wire fraud, aiding and abetting and lying to the FBI. Now, the Department of Justice called this a brazen bribery scheme in a letter that came out today with the indictment. According to them, it involves a wealthy businessman, two of his associates and, as you mentioned, Robin Hayes. He's a former five-term congressman and currently still as of this moment leads the state Republican Party.","The indictment lays out in some very specific detail what amounts to an effort to gain favorable treatment from the state Department of Insurance. And allegedly the businessman, this man named Greg Lindberg, offered millions of dollars to the state insurance commissioner. His name's Mike Causey - the commissioner - who is also an elected Republican. And what they wanted - the business folks - in return were looser regulations and some control over personnel within the state Department of Insurance.","How did the alleged fraud come to light?","Well, according to federal prosecutors, it was the insurance commissioner himself, Causey, who had just been on the job for a few weeks, maybe a month or two who came to them in 2017. He had concerns about what he perceived were illegal campaign contributions, and he agreed to cooperate with them if there was an investigation. And of course there was this investigation. And it's unclear exactly what mechanism was used, but there are direct quotes throughout this indictment - phone conversations, in-person correspondence. So a lot of what is alleged to have happened in this conspiracy appears to in some form or fashion have been recorded."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The insurance commissioner reported concerns about illegal campaign contributions and cooperated with federal prosecutors to investigate the alleged fraud.","questions":"How did Causey become involved in the investigation?","answer":"Cooperated"}
{"text":["He does. He even asks for changes.","This is sounding awfully inauthentic to me.","Well, I figured if I could program the personality I might as well make it friendly.","Ken Schwencke of the Los Angeles Times. Thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  friendly.the speaker is implying that they are trying to manipulate the personality of someone to make it more ","questions":"What personality trait was the speaker trying to manipulate?","answer":"Friendly"}
{"text":["At 18 years old, I moved from Charlotte to the mountains. And I've lived in Appalachia - in Jackson County, N. C.  - ever since. And it's the same thing here. You know, I think poverty - it's the same condition no matter where you're from. You know, I talked a little bit in that essay about that man from Baltimore saying desperation is a way of life.","This was a documentary on the BBC that was talking about poverty in Baltimore.","Yeah. I think anybody I grew up with could have said that. Anybody that I'm friends with now in Hazelwood, Haywood County, could say that. That's the reality of people who have nothing. They all know what it's like to miss a meal or to have the lights turned off or to have to decide - do I make my car payment, or do I pay my health insurance?That's a common theme that bridges the gap all across this country. And the unifying thing about that is poverty.","You also talk about addiction. The opioid crisis, as we know, is enormous right now. And you say that people just want to be listened to. What is the story that we aren't hearing?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : In (1), the speaker is using the statement \"poverty - it's the same condition no matter where you're from\" to express the idea that poverty is a universal experience and can be found in any place or culture. The actual meaning is that poverty has a consistent impact on people's lives, regardless of their location.","questions":"How does the speaker in turn 2 describe the common theme that bridges the gap across the country?","answer":"Common"}
{"text":["I've played around with a few of them, and they've been on the toy end of the spectrum. But, you know, it's one of the things where, you know, if you're interested in photography and videography or if you just like, you know, remote control cars or remote control planes, that's really the draw for the consumer at this point. I don't think it's, you know, I don't - I wouldn't say it's, like, a mainstream thing. I'd say this is a big year for it. But, you know, moving forward, it's sort of up in the air as to what the potential use cases are for a consumer.","You said moving forward, didn't you?","I sure did.","I'm sorry for droning on and on about this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I'm sorry for droning on and on about this\" - This phrase means that the speaker is apologizing for talking too much about a certain topic, but \"droning on\" is a figurative expression that compares the speaker's talking to the sound of a drone or a monotonous buzzing noise.","questions":"What is the figurative expression used to describe the PersonA's talking in turn 3?","answer":"Droning"}
{"text":["So the president, I think, recognized that leverage and negotiated with them. I would have preferred a longer debt ceiling as well, closer to 18 months. But I do recognize the reality of the situation. We're providing relief to the hurricane victims from Harvey. And we're keeping the government running for three months. And we have a three-month debt ceiling. The agreement was reasonable. And again, those very same members who are complaining about it would have never voted for a better deal anyway.","I have to ask. You're from a swing district. I gather you spoke with Speaker Ryan before news of your declining to run for re-election got out. Did the speaker try and change your mind?","Well, I did speak with both Speaker Ryan and Steve Stivers. He's chair of the Congressional Campaign Committee. And they were both, I believe, fair to say, disappointed in what - would certainly prefer that I run for re-election. There's no question about that. But they understand that, you know, these decisions are not just about politics, they're personal. And they respect that, but they clearly would prefer that I run for re-election.","You would have had a tough primary though, right?There's been rallies against you and. . .","Oh, no. There was a rally last week, but it was a - that was a buffoon bus. And it was a - it was a freak show, to be honest with you. I mean, it really was bizarre. I mean, it was a bunch of people from out of town in a bus, you know, yelling and screaming. I mean, it really was not much of anything, but. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This implies that A's decision to decline his reelection has a personal reason and not all for political reason.","questions":"Which decision of PersonA's has a personal reason?","answer":"Reelection"}
{"text":["And why did it bother you that so many church leaders didn't mention the obvious, that the Pulse was a gay nightclub?","Well, it seemed a real failure to try to understand that community. One of my theology professors said that in the Gospels, for Jesus, sin is often a failure to bother to love. And it seemed to me a failure to bother to love this particular community in their real moment of grief.","You quote with approval the words of an Australian bishop who says quote, \"we cannot talk about the integrity of creation, the universal and inclusive love of God, while at the same time colluding with the forces of oppression and the ill-treatment of racial minorities, women and homosexual persons. \"","Why is that statement even remotely controversial to some?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: Some people find it controversial to accept that God loves everyone equally.","questions":"Which statement do some people find controversial about God's love?","answer":"Controversial"}
{"text":["Well, it was a a very powerful scene. Francis stood with his head bowed in prayer next to the Armenian apostolate patriarch and a group of black hooded Orthodox bishops while musicians performed a mournful melody on an ancient Armenian flute that's called the duduk. Here's what it sounds like.","The memorial itself is very impressive - 12 tall, slanted slabs of rock that suggest figures in mourning in a circle around an eternal flame. Francis prayed, and then he wrote in the memorial guest book, here I pray with pain in my heart so that never again will there be tragedies like this. He went on - may God protect the memory of the Armenian people. Memory should never be watered down or forgotten. Memory is the source of peace and the future. And I've heard a lot of Armenians who are mostly Orthodox express admiration and thanks that the leader of the Catholic Church acknowledges their history and loyalty to the Christian faith.","Before the pope landed in Yerevan, I gather he met with reporters on the plane. And he was asked about the subject of the past couple of days - Britain's exit from the European Union. What did he say?","Well, he looked very pensive, and he said this was the will of the people. He added this requires a great responsibility on the part of all of us to guarantee the good of the people of the United Kingdom and also the good and coexistence of the entire European continent."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : He added this requires a great responsibility on the part of all of us to guarantee the good of the people of the United Kingdom and also the good and coexistence of the entire European continent. - This implies that all of us have a responsibility to ensure a positive outcome for both the UK and the EU.","questions":"What does the pope say about the responsibility of all of us towards the United Kingdom and the entire European continent?","answer":"Responsibility"}
{"text":["So you're Haitian-born, you've been in America for about 40 years now, and you still have family back in Haiti. So when you talk to family, what do they make of the crisis, and how are they dealing with it?","Well, I think they're dealing as best as they can. But they feel, like us, overwhelmed by it. And they rely on us to help them.","Remittances.","Yeah. You could also send food - not really send food, but order food through these online organizations that deliver the food to them, but mostly remittances, yes."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This statement implies that B wants to know how A's family are dealing with the downturn economy and what the also think about America's economy.","questions":"What does PersonA suggest as an alternative to sending food to their family in Haiti?","answer":"Remittances"}
{"text":["Well, there have been reports - I mean, certainly the separatist commander that we spoke to today said that they, in fact, are moving westward. There have been some reports of fighting in a village not far from here. But the large-scale offensive that sort of seemed to be happening earlier in the week has slowed for now.","And anything about a Ukrainian fighter jet being shot down?There were some reports this week.","Yes, this is the third jet in recent times that has been shot down. And in this case, the Ukrainians claim it was some sort of Russian missile launcher that brought it down. There's been no response from the Russian side. Of course, the Russians deny there are any Russian troops here at all. They say if anyone's here, they're volunteers. And, in fact, the commander that we spoke to - the separatist commander who claims he's from Odessa - says that they have some volunteers, but these are a very tall or short people. A one-eyed sniper was one person that he referred to and said these are not people who would be serving in the Russian military.","NPR's Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson, thanks very much for being with us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The actual meaning is different from the literal meaning in turn (3). When A says \"these are a very tall or short people. A one-eyed sniper was one person that he referred to,\" they are not literally referring to people who are only tall or short or have one eye. Rather, they are using these descriptions as a way to suggest that the volunteers mentioned by the separatist commander are unconventional and perhaps not what one would expect to see in a typical military unit.","questions":"How did PersonA describe the volunteers mentioned by the separatist commander?","answer":"Unconventional"}
{"text":["Yeah. They say that he's the fastest pitcher there ever was. It's just he really couldn't find home plate. I mean, some of the stories you learn about this guy, it reads like fiction. When he was - I think this is around 1960. He's pitching in the minor leagues, and he pitched so fast he ripped the man's ear off.","Oh.","Yeah.","And Steve Dalkowski didn't make it to the Hall of Fame because. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The literal meaning of (2) is a simple expression of surprise, while the implied meaning is that the speaker is in awe of Steve Dalkowski's remarkable ability.","questions":"Which expression of emotion is implied by the speaker in turn 2?","answer":"Awe"}
{"text":["Presidential candidates sure ate a lot this week - matzah, blintzes, pizza slices. The presidential campaigns have moved to New York for the next primary. After Bernie Sanders won the Democratic primary in Wisconsin this week, Ted Cruz won the Republican side. Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump hope to rebound in more familiar territory. NPR's Ron Elving joins us. Ron, thanks so much for being with us.","Good to be with you, Scott.","Let's begin with the Democrats. They were playing so nicely together. And then this week it seemed like they were calling each other unqualified. Both candidates say they're getting sick and tired. What happened?","I have no doubt that they are sick and tired of each other. But let's be clear, Hillary Clinton never actually said that Sanders was unqualified, despite multiple efforts on the part of many hosts to get her to do that. She kept saying that she thought she was more qualified and so on. And she never would actually say that he was qualified. And this, of course, all followed on a rather rocky interview that Bernie Sanders had with New York Daily News that went viral."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  The turn contains multiple layers of meaning, including both explicit and implicit information, and its true significance can only be fully understood through careful analysis of its context and subtext.","questions":"How can the significance of turn 3 be fully understood?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["You know, that sign has really drawn a lot of hatred. It seems there are some of these signs and events that seem to engender a lot of anger, you know, backlash. And I think that's kind of what we're witnessing in this country as a whole right now. There is a certain amount of backlash. It's kind of this idea of we want to take it back or we want to - this is ours. It's almost like wanting to say, you know, you have this icon or this symbol, and we don't like it. And so we're going to take it back or we're going to deface it or we're going to erase it. Which is really fascinating when you think about it. You know, like, we don't like this history, so we're going to try to erase it.","The we you're talking about there is white people, and you're linking this to the broader, you know, rise we have seen of certain white nationalist, white supremacist groups.","Yeah. I think there's been - within recent years, I mean, the - those groups have been emboldened to be able to speak more boldly that, you know, kind of some of their white nationalist or white supremacist views and things like that and be bold about it.","That's Jerry Mitchell. He runs the Mississippi Center for Investigative Reporting.","Jerry Mitchell, thank you very much.","Thanks for having me, appreciate it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to draw a lot of hatred means something got a ton of hatred or anger towards it","questions":"What is the emotion that some signs and events seem to engender?","answer":"Anger"}
{"text":["Help us understand. Just how good were the Lightning before this collapse?","Oh, quite good. They had 62 wins in the regular season. That tied the all-time NHL record for wins in a season. This was a team that was doing historic things in the regular season. Consider this. Thirty of their 62 victories were by three goals or more. So every time they stepped on the ice, they weren't just winning. They were blowing away their opponents.","So it's safe to say any sane hockey analyst (laughter) basically would have said that the Lightning was going to win the series, right?So what happened?","(Laughter) Well, I think Lightning defenseman Ryan McDonagh put it best. Everything that they did so well in the regular season, the Columbus Blue Jackets did it better in this series. But the bigger picture is this for the Lightning. They clinched a playoff spot in early March. They've been on cruise control for months. The Columbus Blue Jackets had to win seven of their last eight games just to get into the playoffs. So when push came to shove and adversity hit in the series, the Lightning had a bad six days compared to a great 82 games in the regular season, and then they were swept."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"collapse\" in line 1 - The word \"collapse\" is being used metaphorically here to refer to the unexpected defeat of the Tampa Bay Lightning in the NHL playoffs, rather than a literal collapse.","questions":"How was the word \"collapse\" used in the context of the Lightning's defeat?","answer":"Metaphorically"}
{"text":["Well, you know, performance is really one of making sure you understand and document what's expected of you in your given role. One of the mistakes I see many professionals make, minority or otherwise, is they don't document and understand really what's expected of them.","And so they go throughout the whole year performing at what they may thing is the optimum level, only to get to the end of the year and find out that they've missed a mark. They're not doing one-on-ones or meetings quarterly or monthly with their manager, and so it's really important that if, you're going to track your performance that you understand what's expected, but more importantly that you follow up to make sure that you're on course.","Now, you have these performance evaluations in some cases, and is that a 100 percent of your success?How much are we talking about?","Yeah, I'm a big believer that success in corporate America, that performance really accounts for 50 percent of that. And what I mean by that is if you go back to childhood, most of what we were taught as children was you are rewarded based on how well you performed."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"they go throughout the whole year performing at what they may think is the optimum level, only to get to the end of the year and find out that they've missed a mark\" - The literal meaning is that they perform well all year but still don't meet expectations, but the actual meaning is that they don't understand what's expected of them and therefore can't perform well.","questions":"Which mark do they miss at the end of the year?","answer":"Mark"}
{"text":["And how did this start?","Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story. And then I would write the story. And then I would send it to him. And I'd give him a first line. And he would start a story. And he would send that back to me. And we did that. And so we decided that we'd open that up to the rest of the world.","How many stories do you typically get?","We run between 300 and 450 submissions in issue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"We run between 300 and 450 submissions in issue.\" - This turn has a different meaning than its literal meaning. It means that the magazine receives between 300 and 450 story submissions for each issue. The word \"run\" is used here to mean \"receive\" or \"accept\". This is an example of using idiomatic language, where a word or phrase is used in a way that is different from its literal meaning.","questions":"Which word in turn 3 is an example of idiomatic language?","answer":"Accept"}
{"text":["You know, we have everything we need to handle those challenges, to meet them. But it's the feedback that I've gotten from readers over the years that has just made me humble and really grateful that I have something to share.","One of the things that struck a chord with me in the book is when you talk about not being in the moment and always wanting to be more than, different than, and how we can slip into that mindset. Tell me a little bit more about that.","Farai, I missed so much of my life, particularly as a young mother. You know, when my daughter was born, I wanted her not to be an infant, but to be a toddler, and when she was a toddler, I wanted her to be able to button her own clothes and get herself dressed and help me get her out the door.","And when she was probably around 10 or 11, I wanted her to be 13, 14. And then I wanted her to be out of high school and in college. And when I looked back on that exquisite journey, I realize that I missed so many moments, so many precious moments because I wasn't present. My mind was always far down the road."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The speaker realizes the value of being present in the moment and the importance of not missing out on important experiences.","questions":"Which realization did the speaker come to?","answer":"Value"}
{"text":["So right now, there are multiple congressional committees investigating this issue. We've got them on the House side. We've got a couple on the Senate side. I guess I want to know why is there a need for multiple investigations, and how do these congressional investigations differ at their core from what Special Counsel Robert Mueller is conducting?","Well, Senate Intelligence looks at intelligence matters primarily. Senate Judiciary looks at matters that fall under the broad scope of the Judiciary Committee. All these congressional investigations differ very much in function from what the Special Counsel Mueller does. Mueller works in secret and long, long deep studies of things like finances. And he doesn't bring his results public. If he finds something that's really important, he won't let you know until it's time to indict somebody. Whereas, the congressional committees when classification allows them to be in the open, they live for open hearings. They want people to know what they found.","And what about compelling witnesses to testify?The subpoena, is that a last resort thing or is it just a negotiating device?","Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The congressional committees are trying to gain public attention and support for their investigations, while Mueller is working in the shadows and his findings will only be revealed when it is time to take legal action.","questions":"How do the congressional investigations differ from the work of Special Counsel Mueller?","answer":"Public"}
{"text":["What Bonnie Raitt song, may I ask?","O'NEILL: \"I Can't Make You Love Me. \"","(Singing) Here in the dark, in these final hours, I will lay down my heart and I'll feel the power. . .","Kate O'Neill, who wrote about her sister, Maddie Linsenmeir in the Vermont Weekly Seven Days, thank you so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The song title is \"I Can't Make You Love Me\"","questions":"What is the title of the Bonnie Raitt song mentioned in the dialogue?","answer":"Love"}
{"text":["I made up my own mind. I figured that at some point it would turn into a mandatory evacuation and I wanted to get ahead of the traffic.","You know, to have gone through this once is bad enough. To be going through it a second time, I can't even imagine what that must have been like. As you were getting closer to having to make the decision to get up and get out, what went through your mind?","I immediately remembered what it was like three years ago, and I think that I was in sort of disbelief. I couldn't believe that I was going through it again. And I - the first thing I thought of was OK, what do I need to take with me that I want to see again?Because I immediately thought of what happened during Katrina and how, you know, it just caught us all off guard, and I just wanted to be prepared.","What did you take?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A remembered the unpreparedness during Katrina and wanted to pack accordingly","questions":"How did PersonA prepare for the potential evacuation?","answer":"Pack"}
{"text":["If you want to talk about people, not governments, you'll find that the vast majority of Arabs in the Middle East and wherever else, they do support - not Hamas as an ideology or whatever, they support a people surrounded in a very small piece of land besieged, not allowed to leave, travel, import goods. That is what they support.","They sympathize with the people in general, be it Hamas. If we had Buddhist government governing Gaza, they would also sympathize with them. It's not really about Hamas or Fatah or whatever.","You said you were not a supporter of Hamas before. Are you now more favorably inclined to Hamas?","No, no, I wouldn't say that. I wouldn't say I am inclined to Hamas or any other party here in Gaza, but human beings by nature will probably go for the underdog. And at this moment in time, Hamas is the underdog.","So what do you think needs to happen on your side for the bombing to cease, for there to be another ceasefire?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Arabs sympathize with the people in Gaza, regardless of their governing party","questions":"What do Arabs support in Gaza?","answer":"People"}
{"text":["I think it is a serious threat. I don't see strong evidence that it has increased as of late. Iran has the ability to act via proxy organizations towards United States troops, diplomats, other assets that might be in the region. It also has the mechanisms to act against our partners and against our allies either directly or through the proxy organizations that it has a relationship with.","And paint me a little bit of a picture of what that map looks like when you describe Iran's proxy organizations in the Middle East.","So Iran's strongest relationship is with Lebanese Hezbollah. That allows them to have a measure of influence both to act in Lebanon, to act towards Israel from Lebanon but increasingly to act in other countries where Iran has essentially deployed Lebanese Hezbollah troops to, including Syria.","It has also been improving its relationship with Houthi rebels in Yemen, though its ability to direct or control the Houthis is still very limited. And it has long-established relationships with Iraqi militias.","Does Iran have control over its proxies?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Iran's proxy organizations pose a serious threat to the US and its allies","questions":"What is the main concern about Iran's relationships with its proxies?","answer":"Threat"}
{"text":["You know, there are a number of reporters who've contacted me that have said, what do you we do?I've got sinusitis. What do I do?It clearly is a prevalent problem in the general population. But clearly, we need controlled clinical trials to determine the efficacy of these kinds of interventions. And the FDA has ruled that if we are doing such trials, we need investigational drug status for every species that we want to instill into a patient to treat our disease.","So it maybe a while before we can actually get to a point where we would be instilling these kinds of organisms into the sinuses. But it's certainly another way of thinking about treating chronic inflammatory disease, of the sinuses, at least. There's certainly prostins in the gastrointestinal tract. For example, when there's recalcitrant C.  difficile, clostridium difficile infection, which is this thing that outgrows when patients have had, again, a lot of antimicrobials and have depleted diversity. Fecal transplant works very well.","So taking the feces of a spouse or a relative, and basically repopulating the gastrointestinal tract with those species, has a rate of 91 percent efficacy. So I think we could consider this for mucosal services as, perhaps, the general rule that this kind of restoration ecology approach to try to reinstate the healthy protective organisms in this niches, maybe an alternative strategy for treating some of these chronic inflammatory diseases.","Yeah. Did we once all have them and they went away somehow?Or what - why did some of us have the healthy population and some of us don't?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Fecal transplant may be an alternative strategy for treating chronic inflammatory diseases.","questions":"How effective is fecal transplant for treating chronic inflammatory diseases?","answer":"Effective"}
{"text":["It's a bit of a fly in the ointment for ethical Sarah Palin. There's - in the last month or so, there's been increasing attention paid to an incident in which her opponent say, she pressured her public safety commissioner to fire her sister's ex-husband. He's a trooper and what they're saying is that she was trying to get him canned. She denies this, but there's a lot of evidence that suggests - that things are a little more complicated than that and the legislature is investigating now.","Now, she's known as a maverick. She's bucked the establishment so in that way, she compares favorably to John McCain. And tell us a bit more about how she compares with him.","Well, she certainly loves his maverick image. She likes the fact that he challenges the party hierarchy as she has done, and so she's been early McCain supporter on that score. She's got more of a social conservative background than he does, and that may very well be why she's on the ticket because she's got more of those bona fides. But at the same time, some people in Alaska point out that in the two years she's in office so far, she hasn't actually made any big moves on the social conservative front. That she's, you know, she calls herself a social conservative, and certainly has those values, but (unintelligible) necessarily done a lot about it.","Social conservative, she's very pro-life."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Sarah Palin may have pressured the public safety commissioner to fire her sister's ex-husband","questions":"Which commissioner did Sarah Palin allegedly pressure to fire her sister's ex-husband?","answer":"Public"}
{"text":["Thank you.","Are there drawbacks to this kind of partnership?","Are there drawbacks to partnering with Bashar al-Assad?None that I can think of, Scott.","None that I can - of course, there are practical drawbacks. Which is to say when you partner or with a lying terrorist, it's not a stable relationship. They're not really good at stable relationships except with other lying terrorists. And there are profound moral consequences to this. And you know, you don't envy Barack Obama in this situation because he doesn't want to be a partner - in a perverse way, partner - with this terrible man and this terrible regime. On the other hand, if you can remove the chemical weapons from Syria, and that's an enormous if, who wouldn't jump at that chance?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A acknowledges there are practical drawbacks to partnering with a lying terrorist like Bashar al-Assad, but also highlights the moral consequences of such a partnership and the difficulty of navigating the situation.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the relationship with Bashar al-Assad?","answer":"Lying-terrorist"}
{"text":["The one and perhaps most controversial part of the law, the show-me-your-papers, though, that was upheld?","Preliminarily. You know, it was struck down on a preliminary injunction. There's still a lawsuit pending out in Arizona, and the court said for now, we're going to allow this to go forward with a couple understandings. And the understanding is that, yes, if a policeman stops someone in Arizona and, say, they don't have a driver's license, and the officer thinks this person may be here illegally, the officer can then check with the federal immigration authorities and say, do you want us to hold this person, or do you want to come and get this person?","If the federal government says no, that's the end of the matter. Justice Kennedy said this verification process should not result in prolonged detention. So he seemed to say if it's just a check and a notification, that's OK. If it's jailing somebody and holding them because Arizona thinks they're illegal, that's not OK.","And you said preliminarily, so this is clearly not the last word on that."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : if a policeman stops someone in Arizona and, say, they don't have a driver's license, and the officer thinks this person may be here illegally, the officer can then check with the federal immigration authorities and say, do you want us to hold this person, or do you want to come and get this person?\" - The actual meaning is that police officers can check with federal immigration authorities to determine whether someone is in the country illegally or not.","questions":"Which state allows police officers to check with federal immigration authorities when they suspect someone may be in the country illegally?","answer":"Arizona"}
{"text":["Honestly, it looks totally different than a Porsche looks like today. It looks more like a carriage.","Now, why was this powered by electricity as opposed to gas?","In the time when Ferdinand Porsche invented the first cars, there were three engine types competing to each other. This was gas, steam and the other engine was electrical power. And for Ferdinand Porsche, his true interest was in the field of electricity, and so he was very keen on creating very efficient electrical cars.","Efficient, so that was a consideration even then, in 1898?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), B's question implies that there is a specific reason or advantage for using electricity instead of gas to power the vehicle. The underlying meaning could be that B wants to explore the advantages or benefits of electric power in comparison to gas power.","questions":"Which question in the dialogue implies that PersonB is interested in exploring the advantages of using electricity instead of gas to power the vehicle?","answer":"Question2"}
{"text":["(Laughter).",". . . The future seems to be getting here, doesn't it?","Well, we've always joked on \"Men In Blazers,\" Scott, that soccer has been America's sport of the future since 1972. But that future is very much now. So next Friday, next Saturday we are holding BlazerCon, which is kind of a Comic-Con but for football. You could say it's like Comic-Con but nerdier, where football fans from across America will come together in Brooklyn and meet with some of the elite global thinkers who are shaping the tectonic plates of football from the Premier League Chairman Richard Scudamore, Christian Siefert, who runs Bundesliga, the gentleman that runs Liverpool, Manchester City, Everton Football Club, as well as the U. S.  women's national team players, MLS owners. It's going to be an absolute cacophony of really exploring joyously the future of football globally, but more importantly, I guess for us, how this game is going to evolve in America in the next decade.","Roger Bennett, host of \"Men In Blazers,\" thanks so much. Hope to talk to you soon, Roger."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is implying that the future is arriving faster than expected.","questions":"Which show is BlazerCon similar to?","answer":"Comic-Con"}
{"text":["Yes - beat me with a rifle - butt of a rifle.","Calvin Woods was also prosecuted for preaching against segregation. It was the law then.","I was speaking out against segregated buses. I was guilty of that and told them that they pay their money to sit down where there's a seat. And you don't have to get up, give anybody your seat unless that's what you want to do. So I was arrested, sentenced to six months hard labor and fined $500.","Calvin Woods and hundreds more in Birmingham were American heroes. But he says he'd like his children and his 60-some grandchildren to know it is always right to do right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : implies that the speaker was advocating for themselves to be violently punished,","questions":"How was the speaker advocating for themselves?","answer":"Violence"}
{"text":["And yeah. Like I said, the video can be used for good. And that's why I think the premise of body camera footage is good. But where problems emerge is when government officials and police officials push back against making that footage public because that's the whole reason. The reason is to bring transparency to police interactions. And if government officials push against that, it goes against the entire premise.","One of the very interesting points that you make in your book is that the federal government has investigated alternatives to lethal force and improving police-community relations for decades. I mean, you highlight a report that was commissioned by President Johnson, President Lyndon Johnson in 1967 in response to the Watts riots. And you said that it proposes really not so much an emphasis on technology but an emphasis on relationships, on communication and teaching police officers how to communicate better with the public, how to - it's more of like a - I don't know what word to use. Would you say humanistic approach?And. . .","Absolutely. That's a great word for it.","And that you say that there's - these kinds of - these techniques have never really been implemented because they were deemed to be too expensive. But you also point out that technology is expensive. The police departments spend a huge amount on these technologies that you say don't work. So what - my question to you is, why do you think these techniques have not gotten more traction?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The report commissioned by President Johnson in 1967 proposes a humanistic approach to improving police-community relations through better communication and relationships.","questions":"What word does PersonA use to describe the approach proposed in the report commissioned by President Johnson in 1967?","answer":"Humanistic"}
{"text":["The New York Mets lost 7 to 1 to the Milwaukee Brewers on Wednesday, but the real loser was their mascot, Mr.  Met. Mr.  Met has a huge white baseball of a head dappled with red stitching and embellished with a perpetual grin.","But as he left the playing field Wednesday night, Mr.  Met flipped a middle finger to a group of fans who posted it on Twitter - busted, Mr.  Met. The club apologized, and the team employee in the Mr.  Met costume that night has reportedly not returned. There were reports that fans heckled him, which fans deny.","The Mr.  Mets middle finger controversy poses a physical and philosophical question. Mr.  Met has four fingers on each hand. How can you say that any of them is a middle finger?Anyway, flipping the bird in New York, isn't that just how they say good morning in Queens?","(Singing) Well, everybody's heard about the bird - bird, bird, bird, the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird - the bird's the word. Well, bird, bird, bird, bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, bird's the word. Well, don't you know about the bird?Well, everybody knows that the bird is the word. Well, bird, bird, the bird's the word. . ."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  the figurative use of the phrase \"flipping the bird\" and the phrase's implication in New York City, respectively.","questions":"How many fingers does Mr. Met have?","answer":"Accountability"}
{"text":["The way I coped with these disasters was seeing myself as the hero of my own story and thinking oh, okay, in the story, the guy survives. He doesn't kill himself. He doesn't commit himself to a mental hospital. He actually survives and thrives and overcomes these obstacles.","And in addition to that, you've also had kidney problems, and you talk really frankly about just how much strength it took you to do really basic things because you were constantly dealing with your body rebelling against you.","Yeah, I'm going through that right now. I'm on the top of the list for a transplant now, and I don't really want a transplant right now because I'm doing all right. So at this point, I'm kind of bring it on. I'm just, you know, I can take it.","What about the good stuff?There are many good things in your life, and two of them are Eva and Chet(ph), your kids. What are they like?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"bring it on\" is an idiomatic expression meaning to welcome or accept a challenge, even if it is difficult.","questions":"Which expression did PersonA use to describe their attitude towards their current health challenges?","answer":"Bring"}
{"text":["All right, for more on this story, we're joined now by Leon Fresco. During the Obama administration, he was the deputy assistant attorney general and oversaw all civil immigration litigation on the part of the U. S.  government. Now he's a member of the nonpartisan DHS Advisory Council. Welcome.","Thank you.","So do you agree with the attorney general's reasoning here that there is a legal basis for doing this?","This is a very complicated case. As a legal issue, this is a 50-50 issue, and here's why. There are two clearly established principles of law that are in tension here. The first is if you are outside the United States waiting at a port of entry to get in, that is undisputed that those individuals do not have due process rights that would allow them to ask for a bond if they are detained while we're making a decision whether to let them in or not."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"there are two clearly established principles of law that are in tension here\" - The literal meaning is that there are two established principles of law that are in conflict with each other. The actual meaning is that there are two established principles of law that apply to this case, and they are in opposition to each other, making the legal issue complicated.","questions":"What is in tension in this legal issue?","answer":"conflict"}
{"text":["You know, let's come back to the Large Hadron Collider because if you talk about things, if you talk about this theme, there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the other one that you know well is the prediction from string theory and similar theories that there are extra dimensions. And one of the ways to look for things like extra dimensions or shadow universes is to look for the leakage of material from our universe into their universe.","And let me use the LHC. One way to look for evidence of extra dimensions would be to carefully look at collisions that take place at the Large Hadron Collider and look for some of the energy to disappear. And what's interesting about that technique is when I put there's - when I say there's much more to the universe than meets the eye, the top of my list would be neutrinos, and we now know neutrinos exist. We can't see them with the eye, but we can build detectors to detect them. And the original evidence for the neutrino was missing energy in beta decays that were observed in the early part of the last century and then poly-hypothesize this particle, the neutrino. And eventually, we built detectors that were sensitive enough. So this technique of looking for energy leaking out of our universe going elsewhere is a very powerful technique for looking for things that we can't see.","Michael Turner, a pleasure as always to come have you come on and explain this stuff to us. Thanks a lot, Michael.","Glad to be on."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : the speaker is discussing the possibility of extra dimensions and shadow universes, and how we can look for evidence of them at the Large Hadron Collider by observing the disappearance of energy. The actual meaning is not just about staying silent or not making noise, but rather exploring the concept of extra dimensions and the technique of observing energy leakage.","questions":"How can we look for evidence of extra dimensions at the Large Hadron Collider?","answer":"Disappearance"}
{"text":["Midterm elections are always a little tricky for pollsters. What do polls about national issues and inclinations mean when control the House and Senate will be decided district by district and state by state?But this time around, there's even less data and fewer polls to analyze. NPR's Domenico Montanaro joins us. Thanks very much for being with us, Domenico.","Always a pleasure. Thank you.","Fewer polls?","Yeah. There are fewer polls this time around, and that is a real problem. I mean, when you look at the fact that newspaper readership at a local level is dwindling, their revenue is being cut, they were the ones who used to fund a lot of these polls, especially in congressional districts. And on a statewide level, there are dozens of fewer polls. So take them all with a grain of salt."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : the accuracy of polls during midterm elections is already questionable due to the nature of the district and state-by-state voting process.","questions":"What is the problem with polls during midterm elections?","answer":"NATURE"}
{"text":["Spreading hipsterism can have a cost. The kind of neighborhoods that realtors call in transition can have more places to buy organic coffee than diapers or nails. People who have lived there for years often can't afford to stay in neighborhoods after they've been gentrified. The Cereal Killer Cafe - that's C, cereal - which serves $5 bowls of breakfast cereal in a changing neighborhood in London's East End, was attacked by people who denounced the way the neighborhood is growing upscale. Somebody threw a smoke bomb at the cafe. Protesters smeared their windows with paint and scrawled scum. Alan Keery co-owns the Cereal Killer Cafe with his brother Gary. Thanks very much for being with us.","Not a problem.","You all right?","Yeah, yeah, we're not too bad. We're cleaned up sort of after the weekend. After the attacks, luckily, we only had exterior damage from paint. But at the time, there was staff, customers inside that barricaded the doors closed as they were trying to bash the doors down."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : : In (3), B is asking if A is okay, which implies that B is concerned about A's well-being. ","questions":"Which person is PersonB asking about in (3)?","answer":"a"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . We first went up there. But he and I got to be very close friends.","Bishop Woods remembers the friendship, the music and good food at the Gaston. But it also became a target for hate. On May 11, 1963, two bombs exploded near Dr.  King's room.","But he just happened to have gone home to visit his wife on that day. And the citizens were upset, thinking Dr.  King had been killed. But he hadn't been killed.","What happened to you that day?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: It was a lucky coincidence that Dr. King was not present in the Gaston on that day when the bombs went off. ","questions":"How was Dr. King not harmed during the bombing at the Gaston?","answer":"Absent"}
{"text":["Unfortunately, we know that the homeless individuals who are unsheltered and living in the street are disproportionately burdened with behavioral health challenges, mental disease, substance abuse disorders. And so if a nurse from the government shows up with a syringe and says, hey, I'm here from the government. I'm here to help you. Take this shot - it's not so simple. We have had to spend a tremendous amount of time building trust, providing education and making the case for why receiving a vaccine is such a critical opportunity for them to protect their health.","What are the symptoms of hepatitis A?","These are symptoms that basically reflect inflammation of the liver. And the most common symptoms are basically fever, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, significant abdominal pain, the loss of appetite. And then one of the telltale things is either darkening of the urine or what's called jaundice, which is the common yellowing of the eyes and the yellow hue of the skin, indicating liver enzymes being spilled into the bloodstream. So jaundice is also a very common symptom.","Dr.  Yphnatides, if you think long term about changes you would want to see made to prevent another outbreak like this in the future, where does that take you?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Trust must be built before a homeless individual will accept a vaccine from the government.","questions":"How do homeless individuals feel about receiving a vaccine from the government?","answer":"Reluctant"}
{"text":["Good morning, Renee.","First, that citizenship question. In just a matter of days, it's been on, it's been off. Now the president says he wants it on again. What's going on there?","The Supreme Court said last month, you could have it but only with good justification. And the Supreme Court has ruled before that the census is supposed to count everyone and not just citizens, as it has always. Then, the president said yesterday he had four or five ways that he could get this question back on. But executive orders, which were one of the ways he mentioned, do not supersede court orders. So the president is still going to have to have something that pleases the court.","And yesterday, a federal judge in Maryland ordered further discovery in this case, meaning people from Commerce and the Justice Department are going to have to answer questions about this question, where it came from. And yesterday, in court, the lawyers for the administration admitted that, at this point, they don't know what to say.","The president has also been tweeting about another big story, the conditions at Border Patrol detention centers. Yesterday, he said many of the migrants held there were - and I'm quoting - \"living far better now than they were where they came from and in safer conditions. \"I mean, that's not what a report from the Department of Homeland Security's own Office of the Inspector General said this week. It - that report warned about dangerous overcrowding and prolonged detention without proper food or hygiene or laundry facilities - very big difference."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The citizenship question has been a topic of confusion and inconsistency.","questions":"Which topic has been a matter of inconsistency?","answer":"citizenship"}
{"text":["Let's get back to the news organizations who weren't permitted in this briefing. Now, I gather this kind of briefing is called a gaggle. What happened?","That's right.","Were you there?What did you see?","Well, what happened is instead of the daily on-camera briefing, Sean Spicer called a gaggle so he could talk to the pool. That's the small group of reporters that go places where the entire press corps can't fit. And then they share their transcripts and their notes with everyone else in the press corps. The White House said this gaggle would have an extended pool. And turns out they invited some additional organizations, but they pointedly excluded others like CNN, The New York Times, Politico. NPR was not there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Were you there? What did you see?: Implied meaning: Did you witness what happened?","questions":"Which briefing did Sean Spicer call instead of the daily on-camera briefing?","answer":"Gaggle"}
{"text":["And from New York, Serena Blanchard, as in: From Serena, 1988. Thank you for being with us.","Thank you for having me.","Now, Ms.  Blanchard, you were only 8. So how did you wind up getting cited in this eminent textbook?","I wanted to write a poem for my father's book. I wanted to write an introduction. Apparently, he was looking for some form of dedication page. So I was tying my shoe one day, and I came up with a poem, and I offered it to my father and to Stan. But I think Dad can probably explain the rest from there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) B: Now, Ms. Blanchard, you were only 8. So how did you wind up getting cited in this eminent textbook?  The literal meaning of this turn is that the speaker is asking how an 8-year-old got cited in a textbook. However, the implied meaning could be that the speaker is curious about the circumstances that led to this unexpected accomplishment, or that the speaker is impressed by the achievement and wants to know more about it.","questions":"How old was Serena Blanchard when she was cited in the textbook?","answer":"8"}
{"text":["It's not me - it's nothing to do - saying they, you know, they shouldn't be allowed to sing. And if they want to do soul music, I think it's great because, you know, music is universal, it's meant for everybody. So I really don't have a problem with that. What I have a problem with is, you know, just a lot more attention is paid to artists like that, as apposed to, you know, myself, because there's - you know, I could name loads of them over here that should be out - you know, should be getting the same kind of praise, and don't. I'm just baffled at that.","Now, you do get your props. Vibe Magazine said that your rich, velvety voice warms the inside like a spot of tea. Do you generally try to read the reviews, or. . .","I do actually.","You do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A is unhappy that their music is not receiving as much attention as other artists.2. B is trying to console A by mentioning that they have received praise from Vibe Magazine.","questions":"What magazine praised PersonA's rich, velvety voice?","answer":"Vibe"}
{"text":["The economy is humming, but we may be hearing some sputtering as well. The stock market fell 3% this past Wednesday but later made back some of those losses. While in the bond market, a key marker of a coming recession has been playing out. Now the payoff for long-term government debt fell below the yield on short-term debt. So what are we looking for when the bell rings tomorrow?Catherine Rampell writes about economics for The Washington Post, and she joins me now. Welcome.","Good to be here.","So first off, I just want a gut check from you - Wall Street ups and downs, that warning flare in the bond market, but we're also seeing strong consumer spending at the same time. What is your take on these mixed indicators?","I think the story thus far has been there are warning signs out there. Consumers have been the strong point. Up until this week, however, there was a consumer sentiment number that it was at its lowest notching since, I want to say, six or seven months. So that does suggest that consumers may be wavering a little bit. I think the bigger picture, though, is the global risks essentially. So right now, we have something, like, nine major economies around the world either currently in recession or on the verge of recession, and you could imagine that there would be contagion effects."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It's not a check of the gut but of the person's true opinions and feelings.","questions":"Which check does the person in the dialogue say is not about the gut?","answer":"gut"}
{"text":["I mean, there have been some high-profile examples recently of sort of ethically questionable journalism, you know, maybe at best. Do you think that - and this is sort of tangential, but do you think that that, the definition of plagiarism needs to be updated for the Web?","I mean, given that I started this thing, you mentioned the curator's code, I think about that a lot. I think plagiarism is kind of a harsh word that comes from the publishing world, you know, kind of a legacy term. And there are many layers to it. It's a little bit of a grab bag.","But online, one of the things that I think about a lot, which I think is a form of sort of neo-plagiarism as this idea of OK, you know, we live at a time where there's almost infinite information, and it takes time to find the meaningful and to separate it from the meaningless, and that's effort, and that's sort of creative labor.","And when someone does that, and let's say - you know, for example, one of my favorite sites, Open Culture, run by Dan Colman out of Stanford, he finds amazing archival stuff. You know, and he spends time in the archives looking for it. And then it gets sort of reported on, say, Huffington Post or Business Insider, just sort of regurgitated."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  \"curator's code\", which refers to a set of ethical guidelines for curating content on the web; \"legacy term\", which refers to a term that has been inherited from an earlier time and may no longer be entirely relevant or appropriate; \"grab bag\", which is used here to describe the various components of plagiarism that don't necessarily fit neatly into one category.","questions":"Which term is described as a \"legacy term\" in the dialogue?","answer":"Legacy"}
{"text":["What are the problems in getting aid to arrive?","You know, and it's interesting to note - it's been, like, a week for a lot of these people because on Monday people started going into these shelters as it moved there. So, you know, for the people that are there, it's feeling really like it's been a long time.","There are still a lot of roads that are blocked going into some of these areas. These are remote areas. Some of them only had one road to begin with. Trees are down. Power lines have fallen across, so those are blocked. You know, they need to get the bulldozers in there in terms of clearing those roads so that access can actually get in there. So that is actually the biggest hold up in reaching what were really the hardest hit parts of Haiti.","And there must be concern about the spread of Zika, malaria, cholera and other diseases."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: The main issue preventing aid from getting to the most affected areas is the blocked roads, caused by fallen trees and power lines. ","questions":"How have fallen trees and power lines impacted the delivery of aid?","answer":"Roads"}
{"text":["Yes, they are in re-settlement areas. For example, in Mozambique you have 258,000 people, 90,000 of whom have been displaced over the past month or so. In Malawi you already have 700 cholera cases that have been reported. You have about 152,000 people who have been affected. So they are moving away from their home areas into re-settlement camps.","Let's move to Kenya in the east of Africa. The talks between President Kibaki and opposition leader Raila Odinga continue today outside of Nairobi and the negotiations are being mediated by former U. N.  Secretary General Kofi Annan. Since the post-election violence began in late December, more than 1,000 people have been killed and hundreds of thousands have been displaced. There are also reports of a wave of sexual violence against women who've been displaced by this turmoil. So Cassandra, what's going on here?","Since the violence after the disputed elections on December 27th, we're seeing that this situation has put women and girls at great risk of sexual assault. We know that always in situations of conflict women and girls are in danger. And in Kenya it is no different. We are hearing reports from Nairobi, from the Nairobi general hospital, that there may be as many as double the number of cases of rape within the days following the eruption of the violence.","And what we know is that for every case that is being treated or is being reported, there are many more victims who fail to seek help."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"put women and girls at great risk of sexual assault\" is a figurative expression, meaning that women and girls are in danger of being sexually assaulted, and not a literal placement of women and girls in a dangerous situation.","questions":"Which expression is a figurative way of saying that women and girls are in danger of being sexually assaulted?","answer":"At-risk"}
{"text":["Well, they were talking about a lot of hype for the new technologies just around the corner. I mean, CES is very much a kind of a tech bubble in some ways. So it's nonstop hype about new technologies like 5G, like smart devices and, that I found, not really a ton of talk about what has become a very prevalent conversation in tech, which is, how are companies using the data that they kind of need to offer a lot of these services?","Haven't a lot of Americans become aware of the fact that we are the product?","I think that's a - sometimes an oversimplification. But, you know, there's a bit of a creep factor now, to put it in the plainest terms. You click agree and maybe, you know, ads follow you around the net or - that's sort of the mildest form of these things. But in the sort of worst-case scenario, as you said, you know, your data might be sold in sort of an unethical way. We're all a little bit more wary, at least over here, about that kind of thing.","Over here in contrast to where?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : just around the corner implies it is happening soon.","questions":"How does turn 0 imply the timing of the event?","answer":"Soon"}
{"text":["(Laughter).","But - so in any event, do you really want to put yourself on the side of people that cut even 3 percent from the Meals on Wheels budget?","Well, from a political standpoint, you're right. But this is the problem for whatever the not-left-of-center crew is, now that it's gotten so diverse in the era of Trump is - who's going to talk about how it works?Back to repealing Obamacare, there is a method going forward that works. It involves using tax credits to let people shop. And their choices drive down prices and create more products that they want to buy. But no one's talk about that because you're trapped in this Trump gravitational conversational field.","Well, we'll have you back. We have to cut the conversation short. Michael Graham is podcast editor for The Weekly Standard."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Actual meaning: B is bringing the conversation to an end because of time constraints, but expressing interest in having A return in the future. Literal meaning: B is stating that A will be invited back and that Michael Graham is the podcast editor for The Weekly Standard.","questions":"How does PersonB describe Michael Graham's role in the conversation?","answer":"Editor"}
{"text":["What about the government ordering banks to rewrite some of these loans, or mandating them, I should say, or even buying back these loans?","Well, mandating is tough. I mean, we do live in a country where contracts are held firm and the government can't essentially say, we want you to void these contracts. I mean, the government could give some relief from a legal perspective that would allow people to modify more easily. Some people have argued what you say, that, you know, the best way to do this is to have the government acquire these loans and then it could do - it can make any changes it wants with a much freer hand than sort of doing this from a bully pulpit or from a sort of a threatening posture.","And Vikas, what about all the people who have already lost their homes and have nothing. Is there anything for them?Can they get any money back?","Yeah, certainly that's painful. I'm not sure that anybody is really talking about that right now. I mean, in the settlement at the states, there were countrywide - there were some - and there was a provision that countrywide would help these people find, at least in that case, rental housing. It's unclear whether they will be more - sort of done broadly for those people. I think the best thing that could be done is to alleviate the economic problems in the country so that the people will be able to, you know, not to lose their jobs or find new jobs, if they have already lost their job."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The government could acquire loans and make changes more easily.","questions":"What is the suggested solution for modifying loans that the government could do more easily?","answer":"Acquire"}
{"text":["So that was kind of a puzzle. Why do we have this sort of high density of angular momentum in the Earth-moon system, and the other planets are spinning slower?And so it came up with this idea that hey, Mars hit the Earth, gave it its spin, not Mars itself but a planet like Mars. . .","Is that the Theia, or is that something different?","That's Theia. That's the Mars-sized planet that people have been invoking all these years, for about the last 40 years now. And that led to detailed models and dozens and dozens of papers exploring this idea of fleshing out various scenarios. And in the last 10 years, we really thought we were approaching the endgame, where we could make the Earth, we could give it its spin, we could, you know, make a moon. . .","And you had it all wrapped up?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Theia is the Mars-sized planet that collided with Earth","questions":"What was the name of the planet that collided with Earth?","answer":"Theia"}
{"text":["But you also said let me reassure you, I've seen the quality of that work. In other words, these plans are viable, credible, ready to go?","Yes, I have. I did say that. Part of my job in the Pentagon was the oversight - civilian oversight of military planning, and one of the things that we've, you know, we're charged with is to prepare options for the president no matter the contingency. And certainly, there are very viable plans with regard to contingencies involving Iran. But again, the judgment is at this point that's not where the focus should be.","And as you know, Israel has - well, has plans of its own - contingencies. And I know a large part of your speech was devoted to the idea that they should hold off and reassuring them the United States would take action if necessary and that Israeli action would be counterproductive. More counterproductive than an American strike?","Well, my point to them was we have a shared objective here - preventing Iran from getting nuclear weapons and that, you know, any military action really only buys time. It's a delaying action for one to three years. It sets the program back, but it doesn't solve the fundamental problem of Iran's pursuit of a nuclear weapons capability. To do that, you'll need a continued international campaign with sanctions, with negotiations to eventually change their calculus."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Part of my job in the Pentagon was the oversight - civilian oversight of military planning\" - The actual meaning here is not about the meaning of the words used but rather about the speaker's role in the Pentagon.","questions":"Which agency did the speaker work for?","answer":"Pentagon"}
{"text":["And so when two clumps of free protons and electrons hit each other, they will slow each other down. But dark matter has no charge. That's why we can't see it because the only reason you and I could see anything, it's because there's charges that are being accelerated. That's what light is. But if something has no charge, it doesn't give off light.","So yeah, so in the Bullet Cluster, dark matter and galaxies stayed together just as they should, and in Abell 520, they do not, and that is a mystery as to why exactly that is. There isn't a comfortable explanation that can be readily arrived at.","Is there a theory about what may be happening, or just - you have to just think about it some more?","Well, so there's a number of things that could be happening. All of them are slightly disturbing."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The speaker is discussing the phenomenon of dark matter and how it behaves in the Bullet Cluster and Abell 520. The fact that dark matter and galaxies stay together in the Bullet Cluster but not in Abell 520 is a mystery.","questions":"What is the phenomenon being discussed in relation to the Bullet Cluster and Abell 520?","answer":"Dark"}
{"text":["This country, Cameroon, acts as a source, transit and destination. Especially the Kumbo Diocese, as it is economically poor region. It's a source for many traffickers to have children from our region to take them to the cities, to the towns and to the other nations, especially to the Middle East, where they're exploited sexually, physically and mentally.","So they're taken from homes. They're taken from schools. What happens?","Mostly, they're taken from homes or from where they are working. If they are working in somebody's house, they lobby the girl, say that OK, there is a job opportunity in Middle East as a teacher or as a nurse. Then when they go, they go to a center called a kadama (ph). In Arab, it is called a slave. So they go there. They are bought and sold to various places to be exploited.","What do you do, Sister?What can your organization do?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : highlighting the deceptive tactics used by traffickers to convince girls that there are job opportunities in the Middle East as teachers or nurses, but in reality, they are being trafficked and subjected to exploitation.","questions":"How are girls deceived by traffickers?","answer":"Deception"}
{"text":["Well, here's the interesting part. The scientific heavyweights like the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration didn't fare any better than the almanac last year, which makes you wonder: Is seasonal prediction even possible?Here to talk about it is Jason Samenow. He's a chief meteorologist for the Capital Weather Gang at The Washington Post. He joins us from NPR in Washington. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you for having me on.","So what are the predictions look like this year, and then should we pay attention to them?","There is a ton of uncertainty about what this winter's going to bring across much of the country. And that has to do with the fact that El Nino - which is the episodic warming of the equatorial Pacific, which was predicted to develop by now - really hasn't behaved as expected. So when we have an El Nino, we typically see warm and dry conditions across the Northern Tier and wet and cold conditions across the Southern Tier. But it has pretty much baffled forecasters in that it hasn't developed as models have predicted."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : El Nino hasn't behaved as expected, making winter predictions uncertain","questions":"Which episodic warming is causing uncertainty in this year's winter predictions?","answer":"El-Nino"}
{"text":["Yeah. So, I mean, you know, I had gotten drunk once or twice. I actually bartended one of my mother's parties for her - the faculty of the English department of the local college. And I loved. . .","He always makes that point.","Well, I was 12, you know, I was old enough to serve alcohol. You didn't have to be. . .","You were bartending at the age of 12?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : none","questions":"What was PersonA bartending for at the age of 12?","answer":"alcohol"}
{"text":["Let's get back to the news organizations who weren't permitted in this briefing. Now, I gather this kind of briefing is called a gaggle. What happened?","That's right.","Were you there?What did you see?","Well, what happened is instead of the daily on-camera briefing, Sean Spicer called a gaggle so he could talk to the pool. That's the small group of reporters that go places where the entire press corps can't fit. And then they share their transcripts and their notes with everyone else in the press corps. The White House said this gaggle would have an extended pool. And turns out they invited some additional organizations, but they pointedly excluded others like CNN, The New York Times, Politico. NPR was not there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) implies that the speaker wants to know what happened to the news organizations that weren't permitted in the briefing,","questions":"How did the White House handle the press briefing?","answer":"Gaggle"}
{"text":["The militant group ISIS, the Islamic State, has lost much of the territory it held when it was, as reporter Azadeh Moaveni says, running a kind of killing spree in Iraq and Syria. But many of the young women and girls that left their homes to join ISIS view the group differently.","The story I wanted to tell is how it unfolded in the lives of so many young women as kind of, in a very perverse way, an empowerment project.","Moaveni's new book is called \"Guest House For Young Widows: The Women Of ISIS. \"It follows some of the girls who left their families in Tunisia, Germany and England to join the caliphate. We begin with the story of the Bethnal Green teenagers.","These were a group of young high school students. They were 15. They went to school in a very urban, dense neighborhood of London. They were straight-A students. They were popular in school. These were not girls who you would think would be really susceptible, but a lot of them also had absent fathers."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Unfolded meaning that things are revealed to what they really are, in this case the lives of young women involved in ISIS. ","questions":"Which word describes the perspective of the young women who joined ISIS as an \"empowerment project\"?","answer":"Perverse"}
{"text":["It's an interesting question. In the case of the prairie dog system, it, of course, has a dire effect on the prairie dog population in general. And the most dependent species on those is the black-footed ferret, which is a highly endangered weasel-like animal that once was much more abundant on the plains but is now extremely rare.","They eat prairie dogs usually, and so now their food supply is being threatened.","They do, yes. They're entirely dependent on prairie dogs, mostly for food. But they also - ferrets use the prairie dog burrows as shelter, so they're highly linked to the prairie dog system. And the black-footed ferret is directed susceptible to plague itself. So it's not just a matter of losing its prey. It actually probably succumbs to the disease about as quickly as the prairie dogs do.","So what's being done now to keep this from spreading further?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : spreading further means something keeps getting worse or better, but in this context its worse.","questions":"What does the phrase \"spreading further\" imply in this context?","answer":"Expansion"}
{"text":["Yeah, a lot. Yeah, last time, remember, there was not a single question in the major debates.","Right, across all the debates.","No. No, not at all. This time, a lot of differences. A big one would be President Trump. I think what we're seeing is, in part, a backlash to his rejection of climate science and his real push for fossil fuels.","Pulling out of the Paris climate accord, et cetera."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : President Trump has caused a negative impact on climate change policies","questions":"What is the reason for the backlash mentioned in turn 2?","answer":"Climate-science"}
{"text":["But much more would need to be done to know really when the best time of day would be to eat different kinds of vegetables.","OK. So you started with cabbage. Are there any other veggies that look enticing, so to speak, for you to study or sort of similar to a cabbage cycle?","Well, what we did after we found that this result worked with cabbage, we decided to try to see how broad a phenomenon this might be. We started with other leafy vegetables like spinach and lettuce, and we could show that in the lab, we could re-entrain their circadian rhythms also. And then since those worked, we then went back to the grocery store and bought things like zucchini and blueberries and sweet potatoes and carrots. And of all these we could show could perceive these light-dark signals and reactivate their clock and show rhythmic behaviors.","Mm-hmm. Now, I'm picturing a big head of cabbage. And, you know, cabbage has lots of leaves on it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The vegetables don't have a clock. They have a system that is regulated according to light.","questions":"Which system regulates the vegetables?","answer":"clock"}
{"text":["Thank you, Linda. Happy to be here.","Is it fair to say what I said in this introduction that a Clinton or Sanders win in Nevada could depend on how the Hispanic vote breaks?","You're absolutely right. Here in Nevada, the Latino vote has been decisive in the past several election cycles. We saw it in 2006 in my race for state assembly, where we tripled Hispanic turnout. We saw it in 2008 for the caucuses here for Hillary Clinton to win the popular vote. And then we saw it again in 2012. You know, we saw President Obama get re-elected and win Nevada thanks to the Latino vote.","What do you think is going to move the Hispanic community in Nevada to the polls in 2016?Is it going to be immigration reform?Is it the problem of jobs, new jobs, higher paying jobs?","You know, I believe it'll be a combination of a few different things. You're seeing right now Republican candidates Donald Trump, Rubio, Cruz, even my opponent Cresent Hardy, who have taken a pretty strong stance against immigration. And, you know, Latinos not only care about immigration, we care about every other issue - jobs, health care, education. But immigration usually tends to be the litmus test for candidates. If you support immigration reform with the path to citizenship, then we know that you are welcoming to our Latino community."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is \"We know about Internet-radicalized lone-wolf scenario. It's very interesting and unusual to have a woman involved and a couple involved.\" However, the implied meaning is that the speaker finds it notable that a woman and a couple are involved in the scenario, which may suggest a stereotype or bias about the typical profile of individuals involved in internet-radicalized lone-wolf scenarios.","questions":"How does the speaker view the involvement of a woman and a couple in the scenario?","answer":"Damage"}
{"text":["What happened with Dr.  Strauss was upsetting. It was one night in your life. How has it stayed with you over the years?What's it done to your life since then?","So that building was fairly close to campus. And so for the next probably three, four or five years, you know, I went by that building a lot. It was hard to relive what's going in there. Again, you just kind of bottle it up and put it away. I'm, you know, upset with Ohio State. But I'm upset with Strauss, but he's dead. So I'm even more upset that Ohio State, a large institution that I have significant ties to and that I - you know, I met my wife there, asked her to marry me, have lots of friends from there. I've donated my time, donated money. And now I'm finding out that they failed me.","When the box opened back up on Memorial Day, I've had trouble sleeping at night. I sometimes wake up the middle of the night and see him standing over me doing what he's doing. And I still - there's one picture of him on the - a local TV station and Columbus' website - a color picture that I can't look at. If I see it, I just get sick to my stomach. So the box has been opened back up now, and it's been a struggle.","What would you like the university to do at this point in your life?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Bob experiences trauma and nightmares as a result of the abuse he suffered from Dr. Strauss.","questions":"What emotion does the color picture of Dr. Strauss evoke in Bob?","answer":"sick"}
{"text":["What is - let's start with this. What is your personal collection to the work and the images in this book?","Well, to me this was a labor of love. I've been living in the U. S. I came back to England. It's my homeland. I came back to London, my home city, and I felt that the culture of the young black people in particular here were suffering from a kind of deficit, historically speaking.","There were younger people in my neighborhood who were bereft of history, who took their idea of themselves from watching their kind of generic hip-hop video material that they got from the video screen rather than really inquiring into the particular history and experience of our communities in this country.","As I looked at the book, I was trying to find a theme, and I don't know if I found one or not. What was, in your view, the major trends or themes that you saw unfolding over the century that are depicted in these photographs?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"labor of love\" is a figurative expression meaning \"a task done for enjoyment or personal satisfaction, rather than for money or reward\"","questions":"Which expression means a task done for enjoyment or personal satisfaction?","answer":"Enjoyment"}
{"text":["Yesterday, we reported on the U. N.  Security Council meeting that took place on Friday. The topic was Kashmir. It seems like there was not really a consensus on how to move forward on this issue. Did you have a sense of how the residents of Kashmir would like - what role they would like the international community to play in this conflict, if any?","I think that a majority of Kashmiris are really, really tired of the violence. Many, many years ago, there had been a lot of hopes on Pakistan. But I think that hope is gone. Once the ban on communication is lifted, when Internet is restored, many are expecting to see a few - at least a few clashes between protesters and Indian security forces in Kashmir.","That's journalist Rahul Pandita. He was kind of to join us from Delhi.","Rahul, thank you so much for speaking with us about your reporting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : being tired of something means that you are annoyed or mad at something. People are getting annoyed of violence, or mad at the violence.","questions":"What are the Kashmiris tired of?","answer":"Violence"}
{"text":["We've seen so many figures come and go in this administration. This one's unusually swift. What happened?","Well, the lack of experience was the first thing that jumped out. Ratcliffe has been a prosecutor and a small-town mayor in Texas. He was in his third term in Congress, very strong partisan supporter of the president but didn't have this intelligence background that previous holders of this job have had.","He got a very cool reception from Senate Republicans. Most of their statements praised the outgoing Director of National Intelligence Dan Coats, but some of them didn't even mention Ratcliffe. Some people on the Hill said they didn't even really know who he was. Richard Burr, head of the Senate Intelligence Committee, today said, I respect John Ratcliffe's decision to withdraw. So this was this really tepid response he seemed to be getting.","Not only that - as reporters started digging into his resume, they found some of his claims didn't quite hold up. What can you tell us?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : figures in this context means numbers, referring to money likely","questions":"Which state did Ratcliffe represent in Congress?","answer":"Texas"}
{"text":["And thanks for your service to the United States.","I appreciate it.","Why did you want to join the U. S.  military?","I'm not just another U. S.  Army recruit. I was born and raised in a conservative city of Pakistan, near Kashmir. My father owned a small local newspaper in which he recommended the diplomatic solution of Kashmir conflict - due to which, he had to face a lot of threats from state and not-state actors. Because of these threats, he had to close down his newspapers, and I had to move to a boarding school outside my city."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A's decision to join the U.S. military is not typical due to his background and experiences in Pakistan.","questions":"Which aspect of PersonA's background led him to make an atypical decision to join the U.S. military?","answer":"Threats"}
{"text":["What about beyond the environment?- because your platform goes well beyond just issues. . .","Yeah.",". . . Of climate. What else do you stand for?","Well, having a clear attitude against racism through our diversity, not flirting with populist parties but confronting them. This is something that the Greens have been always good in. And I think that resonates with the population. And also, the Green Party has always been most pro-European party, longing for United States of Europe as a vision."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Green Party is against racism, doesn't support populist parties, and supports a united Europe.","questions":"How does the Green Party approach populism?","answer":"Opposes"}
{"text":["Antivirus experts are calling Flame one of the most complex threats ever discovered. Once a machine is infected, the operator of the malware can expand its functionality almost like adding apps to a smartphone. Its operators sent out another app with orders to erase it this week, leaving no tracks behind.","Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?","Well, different from the average run-of-the-mill malware that criminals use?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame? How does this malware tool, spy kit, and eavesdrop? Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?\" - The literal meaning of the questions is clear, but the implied meaning is that the Flame malware is a serious threat, and the experts are worried about the implications of its capabilities and origins.","questions":"Which experts are concerned about Flame?","answer":"Kim"}
{"text":["Antivirus experts are calling Flame one of the most complex threats ever discovered. Once a machine is infected, the operator of the malware can expand its functionality almost like adding apps to a smartphone. Its operators sent out another app with orders to erase it this week, leaving no tracks behind.","Much like Stuxnet, Flame is also believed to be the handiwork of a nation-state. Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame?How does this malware tool, spy kit(ph) and eavesdrop?Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?","That's what we're going to be talking about this hour. Our number is 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK. My guest is Kim Zetter. She is senior reporter at Wired covering cybercrime, privacy, security and civil liberties. She's currently writing a book about Stuxnet and joins us from Oakland, California. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.","Thank you.","What makes Flame different?","Well, different from the average run-of-the-mill malware that criminals use?"],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Why are antivirus experts so concerned about Flame? How does this malware tool, spy kit, and eavesdrop? Who's behind Flame, and who are they targeting, and why is it being compared to Stuxnet?\" - The literal meaning of the questions is clear, but the implied meaning is that the Flame malware is a serious threat, and the experts are worried about the implications of its capabilities and origins.","questions":"How do antivirus experts characterize Flame?","answer":"threat"}
{"text":["You know, we - we're in constant communication with our states. I know South Carolina has done - and all the states, for that matter - but South Carolina, they've done a very proactive job. North Carolina is really going to amp up the messaging on evacuations. Florida has, and Georgia. So, you know, we will be able to tell what those evacuation rates are, obviously working with our state. The states and the locals are the ones that actually call for those evacuations.","Right now, it seems to be going well, but it always could go better. You know, if you're in a danger or hazard area, you know, I ask you to take those warnings seriously, and evacuate and protect yourself and your family.","Jeff Byard of FEMA, thanks for speaking with us today.","Thank you so much."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The federal government relies on states to determine when to call for evacuations.","questions":"What does the federal government rely on states to determine?","answer":"Evacuations"}
{"text":["I love it.","Yeah. What do you like specifically about reading your work to an audience that makes it different, perhaps, from writing it for the page?","It's like playing music to an audience. To play the music and not feel the responsive vibrations, something coming back, is meaningless to me. But what happens in a live context when you are reciting or reading your poetry, it's only partially complete when you're reading it. It's completed when it's received. And poetry's very much like music. It's vibration and frequency. And it affects us in ways that we don't altogether understand. But we know it's happening.","What kind of inspiration did it take to make you into a poet?Who did you read?When did you start reading, or did someone read to you as a child that made you love poetry?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Having it to compared music as poetry and music has the heartstrings of everyone listening to the melodies of the instrument and words. ","questions":"How does poetry affect us?","answer":"Vibration"}
{"text":["Switching gears, we have been talking on the show and online about the major economic woes facing Detroit. What's been the response on our blog?","Yeah, we're talking about the price of a home sold in Detroit going down to $7,500. And a reader named Deuce Bollards wonders, quote, \"What will happen to the Lions, the Pistons and Tigers?If they bite the dust, that will be the saddest part of this story. \"I don't necessarily agree. There's a lot of other sad stories (laughing) other than Detroit's sports teams. . .","Well, that's true, but, you know.","Going down. But, you know, as our blog winds down, in the show's final week, we have links to all of our network of bloggers and those conversations will continue there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They are talking about the econominc troubles that are happening in Detroit.","questions":"Which city?","answer":"Detroit"}
{"text":["It's a little bit different from my 1980s beater. This, you know, these are handmade pieces of art. And, you know, there are things that were different about it.","One thing that I heard from Justin Claassen, who's an avid cyclist and he's one of the founders of Valid, is that over a long period of time you notice the vibration less. There is some dampening, they say, that bamboo has a sort of natural dampening. So if you're riding really long distances, there - that might be a reason why you would want to go bamboo. But it's - I thought it would be lighter. And it's not actually that much lighter than your run-of-the-mill metal.","Right. Of course, there is the coolness factor, right. . .",". . . to have the only bamboo bike on the block or in Brooklyn. I can put more B's together if I could."],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : I would like to be unique by having a bike made of bamboo but I realise it's not fully made of bamboo","questions":"How does PersonB express the desire to stand out with their bike choice?","answer":"coolness"}
{"text":["At dusk tonight - the Belmont stakes, and an engaging chestnut named California Chrome has a chance to be the first horse to win the Triple Crown - a sweep of all three of the major thoroughbred races since 1978. We're honored now to be joined by Laura Hillenbrand. She's a horse rider by trade, of course she's author of the perpetual best-selling \"Seabiscuit. \"Laura, thanks so much for being with us.","I'm so happy to be here Scott.","What is there about the Belmont stakes that frustrates so many great four-legged athletes who've already won two big races?","They call it the test of their champion for a reason. It is a tricky race. It's run around the biggest track in the country so strategy is different. You have to move a different place. It's a race that requires a lot of the jockey.","The thing that makes it the hardest in terms of sweeping the whole Triple Crown is the horse that gets there with a chance to win it as California Chrome has. They've already competed in the Derby and the Preakness, which are two incredibly difficult races. And now, in the span of five weeks, they have to try the third one. And it's the hardest one of all, the longest one of all. It's really asking a huge amount of them. And that's why, in my whole racing fan life, I have never seen a horse sweep the Triple Crown. I've seen 12 horses go to the Belmont with a chance to win it, and all of them have failed.","California Chrome is called the people's horse, kind of like Seabiscuit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"frustrates so many great four-legged athletes\" - This suggests that the horses experience challenges or difficulties in the Belmont Stakes, which goes beyond the literal meaning of being frustrated.","questions":"Which race is the longest and hardest of all?","answer":"Belmont"}
{"text":["Anyway, let's talk about Oprah, her TV show, her magazine, popularity in general taking a hit?Do you think it's because she picked a candidate in this race?","I think, that's probably partially what it is. I mean, she does have a very mainstream audience of women, who - a lot of them supported Hillary Clinton, so I'm sure that has something to do with it. But I also take it just a sign of the time. I mean, she's been dominant for a very long time, and you know, there comes a time when that ends, or it certainly begins to fall off a little bit, and I sort of think it's a combination of both.","I don't think it's just her support of Obama, because if you think about it, she really has not really been out there supporting him since January. She did her thing and she pretty much stepped away from it. But I think that when you combine that with the fact that she's dominated for 20 years, and Ellen now is sort of the popular person with all the celebrity guests, I just think it's time to pass the mantle on some level.","Oprah can pass the mantle anytime and still be a billionaire."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Pass the mantle means by passing one recognition to another person.","questions":"Which word in the dialogue refers to transferring recognition to another person?","answer":"Pass"}
{"text":["Tell us the story, Butch, behind this recording?","Oh, I was asked to come and work for ORT, or Orchestra, regionally, della Toscana. I was told I could have three days, three hours a day, to instruct the orchestra in the ways and means of conduction, and I refused for a long time.","For months I refused to do it because it's quite a stressful thing, I think, for most conductors who get three days to conduct something they already know with an orchestra that already knows the work, but for me to teach this way of working in nine hours, I thought, was going to be a little too stressful, so I refused.","Finally, I accepted, and I encountered the problems I thought I was going to encounter. First of all, the orchestra walked into rehearsal for the first time in their life where there was no music notation and no music stands, and they kind of freaked out because most musicians, especially symphonic players, go to rehearsal, and there's music and music stands."],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : A was hesitant to accept the job due to the limited time given for instruction.","questions":"How was PersonA feeling about the time given for instruction?","answer":"Hesitant"}
{"text":["Right. You have this really shocking statistic in your article where you say that personal consumption amounts to 70 percent of the American economy.","Yeah, that's right. Basically, we are the engine of our own economy. And for far too long apparently, we've just been swiping our Visa cards willy nilly and pumping up this economy. The worry is that when we stop doing that, which is what's happening, our economy is going to sag.","So you went out to see if it was sagging. You went to the Mall of America. What did you find?","The most ambitious mall in the United States, the mall that is doing the most to put you in the fugue state that allows you to spend. They're up against it at the Mall of America. What I found was a lot of people who weren't shopping all that much and a lot of people that were counting their pennies in a way that they never had before."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The person found a lot of people not shopping and instead watching how much they spend on things in order to save money.","questions":"Which mall did the person visit?","answer":"America"}
{"text":["Now, Mr.  Trump often points out that the school, at least on the website, had an overwhelmingly favorable rating from former students. But the plaintiffs say that it wasn't like that at all.","Really, that's exactly what they say. They argue that the whole point to this school was to keep selling students increasingly expensive seminars. First, there was a free introductory course where students were told they could make tens of thousands of dollars in just a couple of months using Trump's investment techniques.","But to learn those, they had to sign up for another seminar that cost about 1,500 bucks. And at that seminar, they were sold another course that cost as much as $35,000. They claim that students were encouraged to go into credit-card debt and even cash out their 401(k)s to pay for these top-level courses.","The settlement was reached. Well, one of these suits was about to go to trial on Monday, wasn't it?","Yeah, it was, though attorneys for Trump wanted it delayed because he was too busy with the transition. But, clearly, his schedule wasn't going to get any easier once he became president. So the judge in the case was urging both sides to settle."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : \u201cYeah, it was, though attorneys for Trump wanted it delayed because he was too busy with the transition.But, clearly, his schedule wasn't going to get any easier once he became president.So the judge in the case was urging both sides to settle.\u201d - Implied meaning: The judge wanted the two sides","questions":"What was the reason for the attorneys of Trump wanting to delay the trial?","answer":"transition"}
{"text":["Well, you have one-stop shops where you have - when a person comes for a building permit or something, you have everything available for them in one office. So they don't have to go from city hall to public works to somewhere else. So that one-stop shop really facilitated recovery.","Meaning people would go to this one office, would be able to get all the permits they needed?","Right, all the permits and permission. And it's also absolutely essential that there are solid partnerships between all agencies in the government, the county, the city, public works and the school district. Everybody has to be on the same page moving forward.","City planners in Houston are going to have to make some tough choices. What advice do you have for them?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"tough choices\" is a figurative expression that refers to difficult decisions that city planners in Houston will have to make.","questions":"What is the figurative expression that refers to difficult decisions that city planners in Houston will have to make?","answer":"tough-choices"}
{"text":["President GEORGE W.  BUSH: The question facing the president is not when the problem started, but what did you do about it when you recognized the problem?And I readily concede, I chunked aside some of my free market principles when I was told by chief economic advisers that the situation we were facing could be worse than the Great Depression.","That's George W.  Bush, speaking at his last press conference as the president earlier today. Joining us now to talk about that conference and the week ahead in politics is NPR senior Washington editor Ron Elving. Hi, Ron.","Hello, Alex. Good to be with you.","Good to be with you. And as we just heard, Mr.  Bush spoke of his legacy related to the current economic crisis. He also talked about terrorism, the war in Iraq and Hurricane Katrina. What's your take on the overall tone of today's press conference?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Bush admits he compromised his beliefs to address economic crisis","questions":"What did Bush admit to compromising?","answer":"Stimulus"}
{"text":["Hey. How you doing, Lulu?","I'm very well. For people who haven't been to Richmond, can you describe Monument Avenue for us?What statues are there?","Monument Avenue is one of the most beautiful stretches of street in the United States of America. I mean, it's tree-lined. It's on the national historic registry. There are statues to Robert E.  Lee. There's a statue to Jeb Stuart, to, you know, Stonewall Jackson. And there's a lonely statue of Arthur Ashe, which I call the only true champion on that stretch of street.","The tennis champion, Arthur Ashe."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Hey.How you doing, Lulu?\" - The actual meaning is the speaker is greeting Lulu and asking how she is doing, rather than just stating those words as an empty phrase.","questions":"What is the name of the person being greeted by PersonA in turn 0?","answer":"Lulu"}
{"text":["Yeah, my mom was one of those moms that loved pretty much everything I did and encouraged me to do it and also just instilled in me a love for books and for reading. You know, she read to us all the time.","Yeah.","Yeah, just enjoying the ideas and the things that I did meant so much. And my dad was, you know, more critical, and I think maybe that balance was crucial, too. But I used to come home - Mom tells me I used to come home from kindergarten and I'd sit up on, you know, the kitchen counter and basically spend an hour telling her the story we heard, you know, from story time. And that's because she wanted to hear it, or at least, you know, gave me that impression. And I would - I just - I learned to tell stories and to, yeah, just enjoy that process of crafting a story for a person. And in that case, it was my mom. So yeah, I can't say enough about Mama.","It's funny because there's a cartoon that I've just turned to here that shows a couple of married couples chatting, and the wife in one of the couples says our son wants to be a comedian, so we're getting a nasty divorce."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"our son wants to be a comedian, so we're getting a nasty divorce\" - this is a joke, and the literal meaning of the words is not what the speaker intends to communicate. The speaker is making light of the idea that having a comedian in the family might lead to conflict or tension, but the statement is not meant to be taken seriously.","questions":"How would you describe the tone of the statement made by B?","answer":"humorous"}
{"text":["Well, there have been dozens, many dozens of studies now over the last 20 years, and more that strongly suggest that men who are not circumcised are at higher risk of HIV infection from heterosexual intercourse.","Consistently, we see at least a 60 percent reduction in risk for men who are circumcised. And it's a relatively simple surgical procedure. It takes about 15 or 20 minutes normally for adults. It's done under local anesthesia.","There's a lot of demand for it. In many African countries now, there are long wait lists at the public hospitals of men wanting to get circumcised, and there just are not the resources there for them to do it.","Thabo Mbeki, the president of South Africa, was reviled by some people when he said poverty was the cause of AIDS. Regardless of whether or not you think his statement is literally true, is there a grain of truth to it?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Grain of truth, meaning that at least some of what he said is true","questions":"How does turn 3 relate to the discussion on circumcision and HIV risk?","answer":"Risk"}
{"text":["How has Koinadugu been able to avoid the infection for so long?","We took concrete measures, proactively, way back in May. The district decided to self-quarantine. There was control of movement - people coming into the district and people going out of the district. We also embark on major sensitization door to door. We involve community leaders, and we just involve the whole community to say this is a real. Ebola is real. Let us avoid Ebola.","Sierra Leone is a society with a lot of faith healers. What do they do that might help spread the disease?","The act of healing involves the use of the hands. They are not trained people. They don't have gloves. It's a lot of physical touching, and that is why we are saying the faith healing practice should be stopped for now because once the patient shows signs and symptoms of Ebola and they go to a faith healer, it's almost 100 percent that they will transmit it to the faith healer and eventually to the community."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Implied meaning: The speaker's selection of a seemingly insignificant turn may be interpreted as an attempt to change the subject or redirect the conversation, potentially indicating discomfort or disinterest in the current topic.","questions":"Which turn may potentially indicate discomfort or disinterest in the current topic?","answer":"Turn"}
{"text":["Chop, chop into smallish pieces.","OK.","Then you soften eight ounces of cream cheese, and you blend that with two-thirds of a cup of sour cream, get it all nice and smooth and then you spread that over the minced onion.","And you have the ambulance on speed dial, but yeah. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of (4) is to call for an ambulance in case of an emergency, however the implied meaning is that the task the speaker is asking B to do is dangerous or risky.","questions":"How does PersonB respond to PersonA's instruction in turn 3?","answer":"OK"}
{"text":["Well, first of all, you have to question your decision as to whether or not you're at the end of the road. You're in the road if somebody's hitting on you, no doubt about it, you're at the end of the road. But you have to really question, am I at the end of the road?Or am I just at the beginning of a road where I need help. You need to go to a marriage counselor to make sure that decision needs to be made.","In this current economic situation where houses have lost value, I mean, it's unique in that sense, sometimes, and that's usually the biggest asset that anybody has, that has, and there's been a study done on it recently, compelled people who would otherwise divorce to stay together. So once you have, made a decision that economically, it is not feasible, you have to make it emotionally reasonable, and you have to do something to address the emotional issues that you have because you simply cannot get out.","If you just had one sentence of advice for someone who really does think that they've reached the end of the road, but the other person in the relationship says no, we haven't. What would you say to that person?","Go to a marriage counselor. Go to a third party and work it because you don't know where it went wrong, probably."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The road is a metaphor, not literal. It refers to the path a people take from a happy marriage to needing divorce. End of the road is the latter.","questions":"How does turn 0 use the term \"road\"?","answer":"Metaphor"}
{"text":["How hopeful are you that this outbreak can be contained?","Specifically in Uganda, they are very well-prepared. But the way the response is going in the DRC is very concerning. There's a lot of scale-up and better coordination and closely working with the community. There's a lot of armed groups operating in the area. There's a tax on Ebola workers. NGOs are forced to suspend their programming on a regular basis.","And so it's really important that we gain the trust of the community in the DRC, that people make sure they're starting to bring suspected cases into the clinics because we're still seeing a lot of cases in the communities, which shows that people are not trusting the response, and they're not bringing their loved ones into the clinics for treatment. So in order to stop it spreading, we have to stop it in the source, which is in North Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo.","Kellie Ryan with the International Rescue Committee in Uganda. We reached her by Skype. Kellie, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The response to the Ebola outbreak in DRC is not going well and there are a lot of challenges to overcome","questions":"Which country is facing challenges in the response to the Ebola outbreak?","answer":"DRC"}
{"text":["You know, it's quite clear that it is a cherry-picked narrative. But reading it makes you wonder if that's an insult to cherries.","(Laughter) Which, after all, have many valuable antioxidants. Before it was released, a lot of Democrats said the result of releasing the memo would be catastrophic. Last night and today, many Democrats seem to be saying, is that all you got?Are you kidding?","Well, for some, it's more a dud than a slam dunk. But at the same time, of course, the Democrats want to release their own memo - their critique memo - their response or rebuttal. And that's going to be the big focus when we get back here on Monday.","Rod Rosenstein - long for his position in the Justice Department?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"it's quite clear that it is a cherry-picked narrative.But reading it makes you wonder if that's an insult to cherries.\" Implicated meaning: The speaker thinks that the narrative is biased and selectively chosen. They express their criticism in a humorous way, by questioning if even cherries would be offended by being associated with the narrative.","questions":"How does the speaker describe the narrative?","answer":"Biased"}
{"text":["Yeah. Everyone agrees that our prescription drug costs are too high - both right and left - you know, Democrat, Republican. It's one of the few points of information, points of fact that everyone agrees on. The problem is everyone disagrees on how best to tackle that. And there are a lot of forces that are resisting any change at all.","The bipartisan solution which Senator Klobuchar and Senator John McCain have proposed is allowing prescription drug imports from other countries, so we allow for a global competition in the sense of, you know, if everyone else is getting a better deal than us, why can't we buy our prescription drugs from there the same way we buy our, you know, refrigerators and cars?","Elisabeth Rosenthal, editor-in-chief of Kaiser Health News and author of \"An American Sickness: How Health Care Became Big Business And How You Can Take It Back. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The conversation is coming to an end and Elisabeth Rosenthal is being thanked for her valuable insights.","questions":"What is being thanked for at the end of the conversation?","answer":"Insights"}
{"text":["Are you going to continue the protest?","Well, if they're going to be held, I suppose maybe, yes. But actually, it was meant for these concrete elections. Of course, it was not the only subject that was brought up. Also, the power being held by one party for, like, 19 years, yes. So of course, when election ends, it doesn't mean that the problem goes away.","So of course, it did come to notice to all the Muscovites, at least. A lot of people in Russia actually also protested in other cities. They were saying, thank you, Muscovites, for putting our words out there, for making it noticeable at least. That's the least we can do. I mean, the citizens, just the citizens.","Yeah. Do you have any concern that by going to protests that police have your picture, that you can be identified, that - I mean, we're using another name, not your name with you. But. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A is implying that the citizens were expressing their gratitude to Muscovites for protesting.","questions":"How were people in other cities reacting to the protests in Moscow?","answer":"Protested"}
{"text":["I grew up in a small town where there were no poets. There were brilliant carpenters and electricians and people who did things with their hands. I wanted to make something with my hands too. I just wanted to make something a little different.","And so I needed models to sort of tell me that I could do that. Now, I am hopefully urging on another generation, the next generation of young, passionate, risk-taking, truth-telling writers to say, don't be afraid of this, you can do this, just have the resolve to do it, and it'll work itself out.","Even if you're working at Kinko's overnight?","Even if you're working at Kinko's it will, you know, you - there are jobs everywhere for poets of passion, you know?Some of them are in the academy."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : No matter where a person works they can find inspiration to write a poem.","questions":"Which job can provide inspiration for a poet?","answer":"Poet"}
{"text":["The tornado that struck Oklahoma this week was classified as an EF5, highest ranking on the Enhanced Fujita scale. And if you've seen the pictures from Oklahoma, you have a sense of how powerful it was. And this storm visited towns that have been struck in the past. Moore, Oklahoma, had been hit by another EF5 in 1999. In fact, if you look at a national map of tornado probability, you'll see a kind of bull's eye radiating out right from around Moore. But why is that?What makes some parts of the country so susceptible to tornadoes?Basically, why does Tornado Alley exist at all?","Joining me now to talk about how tornadoes form and how our understanding of tornadoes is linked to our ability to predict them is Marshall Shepherd. He's the president of the American Meteorological Society and the director of the Atmospheric Sciences Program at the University of Georgia. Welcome back to the show, Dr.  Shepherd.","Oh, always happy to join you.","So tell us why. Why is it that some parts of the country are so twister prone?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The bull's eye reference isn't literal. It means that on a map, Moore, OK is the center of a lot of tornado activity.","questions":"Which town is at the center of a lot of tornado activity?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Times like this, when the economies of states are in default, can states really afford this?","I really don't think they can, and in many, many states, legislatures are starting to agree with that idea and to really rethink their priorities. I mean, every dollar that you spend building and running a prison is a dollar that's not spent on a public university or healthcare or roads and bridges. At this point, Kansas, Texas and at least 11 other states are taking a very serious look at how to try out some new strategies that will curb their prison population, shrink the number of people behind bars so they can save a little money, reduce some recidivism and have money for other budget priorities.","Well, back up and tell us how we got here, because in your article you say in 1970 our prisons held fewer than 200,000 people. What happened?","A number of things happened. But primarily, it's what's called our nation's war on drugs. And I say so-called war on drugs, because, you know, we like to use that metaphor all the time on everything. But essentially a new host of sentencing practices took hold in the early '70s and spread across the country. Mandatory minimum sentences, meaning that the amount of drugs involved in a particular crime would affect the severity of the punishment. So even if you're a low-level drug mule, for example, the amount of drugs you were carrying was going to ensure that you get a very large sentence, perhaps even more than a drug king pin if that person was caught without a lot of drugs."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The cost of running prisons is diverting resources from other important areas such as healthcare and education.","questions":"Which areas of public spending are being neglected due to the cost of running prisons?","answer":"Healthcare,Education"}
{"text":["Physically in our experiment that took up - we couldn't really measure it in a scientific way, but between you and me, it's like a speck of dust.","All that stuff on a speck of dust.","Yeah.","And how much room would you need to store all the information in the world?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Again a speck of dust is tiny so it implies it is tiny. ","questions":"How would you describe the size of the speck of dust mentioned in the conversation?","answer":"Tiny"}
{"text":["Do these reports of surveillance irritate some special sensitivities in someone like Chancellor Merkel, who - after all - grew up in the East German police state?","Oh, definitely. I mean, this is a very serious situation in the trans-Atlantic relationship. I mean, these reports have started to come out in the summer, but it has been taken to a new level now because I think what Americans underestimate is A, how sensitive not just Chancellor Merkel but Germans in general - and Europeans, actually, in general - feel about privacy violations, particularly as they're handed out in Germany, where some people actually lived through two dictatorships in a row and are very concerned about government surveillance and snooping.","But you've reported in Der Spiegel, though, that Germany does its own surveillance, doesn't it?","Oh, that is true. And I don't think anyone in Germany, or even in Europe, would deny the idea that each and every country has its own intelligence apparatus. And there are some countries in Europe - like the United Kingdom, for example - that is even accused of spying on other Euro member-states. However, I think there are stricter standards among allies. I have spoken to many people that are very familiar with intelligence issues; and they all agree that there is, to the best of their knowledge, spying on American leaders, and spying on members of Congress, and spying on trade delegations. So just to say, well, everybody does it, I don't think that really does justice to these new revelations."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4), the speaker acknowledges that each country has its own intelligence apparatus and that some countries, like the United Kingdom, are accused of spying on other Euro member-states. However, the speaker goes on to argue that there are stricter standards among allies, and that there is a difference between spying on American leaders and members of Congress versus spying on trade delegations. The implied meaning is that spying on American leaders and members of Congress is not acceptable and violates the standards among allies. This is different from the literal meaning, which is that there are stricter standards among allies.","questions":"Which standards does the speaker argue are violated by spying on American leaders and members of Congress?","answer":"Allies"}
{"text":["You may have seen it. The photo has been everywhere on social media - a gunman, this week outside a federal courthouse in Dallas. It's one of those pictures that makes you wonder just how the photographer got it. The gunman appears to be only a few feet away from the camera, a military-style rifle in his hand. He's decked out in tactical gear, wearing a face mask with a hole for his eyes, and those eyes appear to be looking right into the camera.","Soon after the photo was taken, the gunman was shot dead by law enforcement. No one else was seriously injured. To hear the story of the photo, I spoke to the person who took it, Tom Fox of The Dallas Morning News. He told me about the moment he first heard the shooter.","There was about three quick shots. And at the time, it sounded like backfire.","Like of a car or something, you mean."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"like backfire\" as a way of clarifying the sound that they heard, rather than suggesting that the sound was actually similar to the backfiring of a car. It suggests that the speaker understood the previous speaker's description of the sound, and is confirming that they heard the same thing.","questions":"What was the speaker confirming by using the phrase \"like backfire\"?","answer":"Confirmation"}
{"text":["You know, it was - I've done a couple of Kickstarter campaigns before with both of my indie films. And I always looked at it more as a way to kind of build a fan base, less so than the actual financing of it all. You know, it kind of allows you to, as a filmmaker, to kind of announce that you're doing something but in, like, a non kind of braggadocious way. And it kind of allows people who, you know, may want to be involved or kind of see the project through to help out. And so it just seemed like a - the obvious first step for us. And it ended up becoming the highest-funded Kickstarter campaign for a short film.","So what is it that you think people are responding to?I have to say that, I mean, look - the little girl is absolutely adorable. The dad has locks, and he's struggling with the hair.","It's just hard for me to describe, but the hair, for anybody who's tried to do little black girl hair, it's very accurate. It kind of has a life of its own.","Yeah."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"It kind of has a life of it's own\" implies that the hair is hard to manage and style and doesn't easily get taken care of","questions":"How would you describe the hair in the video?","answer":"Adorable."}
{"text":["When we say kids, how old are these kids?","We saw kids as young as 10 stealing cars. And the kids we spoke to that were older talked about getting involved around that age, around 10 or 11.","So once they get these cars, what do they do with them?","Well, so that's where the fact that they're juveniles really comes into play. When adults steal cars, it's often about, you know, sending them off to another continent or chopping them up for parts, making money.","When kids steal cars, they keep them on the streets. They're using them as toys. They're seeing how fast they can go - 160 miles per hour on the highway. They're driving the wrong way. They're chasing other friends in other stolen cars. In at least one case, we saw stolen cars used in a drive-by shooting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker is implying that kids are getting involved in stealing cars at a very young age.","questions":"How old were the youngest kids involved in stealing cars?","answer":"10"}
{"text":["There's a group of Americans who've been dubbed the Young Invincibles. They're not, of course. But they are young, healthy and people the administration needs to buy health coverage under the Affordable Care Act. The new health insurance exchanges opened October 1st and officials want at least 2. 7 million of the seven million estimated new enrollees to fall inside that 18 to 35 age range to keep insurance rates low.","The president and Hollywood stars have made special appeals to this group, nicely reminding them that those who choose not to enroll have to pay a fine. In 2011, over 18 million of these young adults were not insured for health care.","We spoke with Lisa Dubay, a fellow at the Urban Institute, about why many have not had coverage.","Only about 11 percent of the uninsured Young Invincibles aren't purchasing coverage because they think they don't need it. Most of them are saying they're not purchasing coverage because it's unaffordable. So I'm not convinced that they're not going to enroll. I think they probably will enroll. If the rates are good and they look like they're going to be low with the subsidies, I think that we will get Young Invisibles to come in. And they have a lot of options."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The Affordable Care Act provides an incentive for young people to obtain health coverage, as those who do not enroll will incur a financial penalty.","questions":"What is the penalty for not enrolling in health coverage under the Affordable Care Act?","answer":"Penalty"}
{"text":["Yeah. That was the scene I went out. Before I did that song, Creed said, man, write a hit. I said, oh, sure, it'll be gold(ph). Because commercialism never really fazed me. I mean, playing songs that - in links that you knew everybody would like. I always wanted to be a true jazz artist, you know that. But Creed said, write a hit, so I wrote \"Red Clay. \"And all my friends who were jazz musicians, they said, man, you writing that square stuff. So I kind of - but that tune has earned me a living.","That's a great tune.","I mean - and it reminded me of my early childhood when I was back in Indianapolis.","They have red clay in Indiana?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Creed said to write a song that would be very popular. Jazz musician friends said that he was writing songs that were boring.","questions":"How did Creed challenge the PersonA's songwriting?","answer":"Challenge"}
{"text":["Right, right. Yeah, I mean, that's the obvious question to ask, and we're not really sure. I mean, the biggest difference is that it's not producing these radio jets at the rate it should be. So typically the central galaxy in a cluster is shooting out these really bright jets that you can see from here in the radio. But this one is giving off - instead of radio, it's giving off a lot of gamma ray and X-ray, and so it seems to be almost confused about what type of black hole it is. It's giving off sort of quasar-like emission rather than this sort of more quiet, more gentle emission.","Hmm, who am I, asks the black hole?","(Unintelligible). How is this cluster discovered?","So it was initially discovered a few years ago by the South Pole Telescope, which is a telescope that's essentially built to find these really massive clusters. And so it looks at light from the Big Bang, which is a background radiation; it looks for shadows in that light. And these clusters are so massive that they're going to cast a shadow in this background radiation. And so that's how this cluster was first found."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The black hole seems confused about its identity.","questions":"Which emission does the black hole give off instead of radio?","answer":"X-ray"}
{"text":["Well, it is. It starts off in Pumalin Park, which is temperate rain forest - so think of the coast of British Columbia - all the way down into the grassland\/steppe areas toward the tip of the country. It really encompasses almost every ecotone that one would find in the south of the country.","We should note this is now the largest private donation of land to a government ever. You and your husband ran this place as a park for a long time. I've been there. And it is indeed just one of the most beautiful places I've ever been. Why hand it over to the government of Chile?","Well, you know, we grew up within the national parks here in the United States. And there is a sense of, I would even say, ownership by every American who goes through the front gates of Yellowstone or Yosemite, that those are public parks. They belong to everybody. And Chile is no different. We hope that somehow between the creation of national parks, the development of what we call economic development as a consequence of conservation that precious masterpieces of the country will be preserved forever.","Have you gotten guarantees, though, that the government of Chile will run it in a way that's sustainable?There have been concerns about the capacity of the government of Chile to really run these parks in the same way that you've run them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In this turn, the speaker is using the phrase \"ownership\" in a figurative sense, meaning a sense of responsibility, connection, and stewardship towards national parks, rather than actual legal ownership.","questions":"Which word is used figuratively in turn 2?","answer":"Ownership"}
{"text":["I've got to ask you a high hard one, as they call it in baseball, Monsignor. Can you understand if a number of faithful Catholics stand up during Mass tomorrow and tell their priest, look; I'm sorry, father, but what moral authority do you or does the church have to tell me anything when it's hurt so many people who loved it and concealed those crimes for decades?","You know, I certainly understand it. That was what Cardinal Cupich said, actually. He said that if the church doesn't get this right, its moral authority is shot. And so why we're having a global summit on an issue that the church says this is in the front burner and we - they don't do global summits on anything. So the church is trying to say, yeah, this is important, and if we don't get this right, it's over.","Are you concerned the church is going to lose its moral authority over this issue or has already lost its moral authority?","Well, I'm sure it has. It has with many people. There's no question about it. And right - and I think the church has a responsibility, say, to clean up its own act before it tells other people how to act. I totally agree with that.","Monsignor Stephen Rossetti of the Catholic University of America, thanks so much for being with us."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The church is in danger of losing its moral authority.","questions":"Which authority is the church in danger of losing?","answer":"Moral"}
{"text":["I've played around with a few of them, and they've been on the toy end of the spectrum. But, you know, it's one of the things where, you know, if you're interested in photography and videography or if you just like, you know, remote control cars or remote control planes, that's really the draw for the consumer at this point. I don't think it's, you know, I don't - I wouldn't say it's, like, a mainstream thing. I'd say this is a big year for it. But, you know, moving forward, it's sort of up in the air as to what the potential use cases are for a consumer.","You said moving forward, didn't you?","I sure did.","I'm sorry for droning on and on about this."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"I'm sorry for droning on and on about this\" - This phrase means that the speaker is apologizing for talking too much about a certain topic, but \"droning on\" is a figurative expression that compares the speaker's talking to the sound of a drone or a monotonous buzzing noise.","questions":"Which expression in turn 3 compares the PersonA's talking to a monotonous buzzing noise?","answer":"Buzzing"}
{"text":["Donald Trump questioned John McCain's war heroism. He suggested that Senator Ted Cruz's father was involved with the Kennedy assassination. He slurred Senator Cruz's wife. What do you say to colleagues who just say, I'm sorry, our nominee just shouldn't be someone who talks like that?","Well, you know, and I've heard that from a number of people. And I've said to them, look, you know what, not asking you to fall in love with him. Let's just fall in line as a party because we're facing now the greatest challenge I think we've seen, not just as a party but our country.","And I'm more concerned with a Never Hillary (laughter) than a Never Trump. And I just don't understand how an Obama, Clinton or Sanders agenda would be good for the country. And I'm just thinking right now for our country, we need to come together. For our party, we need to come together.","Republicans have called Donald Trump a demagogue and a racist - prominent Republicans - for statements on mass deportations, Mexican immigrants and barring Muslims from the United States. What do you say to them?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  This turn actually means that the speaker is more concerned with the alternative (Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, or Bernie Sanders) than with a \"Never Trump\" attitude, and that it is important for the country and party to come together despite any reservations about Trump.","questions":"What is the PersonA's main concern regarding the presidential candidates?","answer":"Alternative"}
{"text":["The third-longest-serving justice on the U. S.  Supreme Court is issuing a warning. Stephen Breyer was nominated by President Bill Clinton. He took his seat on the court in 1994 and is now part of the court's liberal minority. He wrote an unusual opinion released yesterday. In it, Justice Breyer appeared to send a message to his conservative colleagues on the bench, urging them to respect precedent and only overrule it when the circumstances demand it. His comments came in a dissent, after the Supreme Court ruled that a state cannot be sued in the courts of a different state by a private party unless it gives its permission.","Amy Howe is in studio with us this morning. She's co-founder of the SCOTUSblog. Amy, thanks for coming in.","Thanks for having me.","So can you flesh out the context of this warning?I said it came in a dissent. What more can you tell us about what led Justice Breyer to do this?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : having me implies hosting someone or engaging with someone and not referring to owning someone ","questions":"Which verb is not being used in a possessive sense in turn 2?","answer":"Owning"}
{"text":["Well, the Republican reaction is pretty typical. Whenever we see Donald Trump act like a stress test on democratic institutions, Republicans in Congress are usually silent. They don't seem to be concerned by the president involving himself in an internal investigation or openly calling for the Mueller investigation to end unless they are Republicans who are not running for re-election. So we have heard some criticisms from Republicans who are planning to retire. In the past, Republicans have come to the defense of Attorney General Jeff Sessions because the president has relentlessly humiliated and criticized him. And Republican senators have stood up for Sessions. He's become a kind of proxy for the rule of law. What we don't know is if firing Bob Mueller is a kind of red line for Republicans in Congress. That's really the big question.","So what do we know about the Justice Department?What are they saying about all this?","Well, there has been pushback from former DOJ officials who say this firing was inappropriate. We also know how Andrew McCabe has reacted. He said he was singled out and treated this way because of what he witnessed in the aftermath of the firing of James Comey. He says that he was fired to undermine the credibility of the Mueller investigation. We also know that McCabe made contemporaneous notes just like his boss, James Comey, did. All FBI agents are trained to do this. And coincidentally, James Comey is about to embark on a book tour, one of the highest-profile book tours ever.","Yes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Republicans in Congress are complicit in Trump's attacks on democracy.","questions":"Which political party is criticized by turn 0?","answer":"Republicans"}
{"text":["So this is the second year that the numbers are up. What kind of numbers are we talking about?","We are reporting four hectares of overwintering colonies. That's 9. 1 acres. That is the area that they occupy, so that is indeed very good news compared to last year where we only had a little bit over one hectare.","You've been out in the field with them. Just describe for our listeners what - if they haven't been able to see them, what these monarch butterflies look like when they come to stay in Mexico.","Once they arrive to Michoacan - which is the name of the state where the forests are and the state of Mexico - they congregate on fir trees.","High up in the mountains - I mean, it's quite a steep climb to get there."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) We are reporting four hectares of overwintering colonies.That's 9.1 acres.That is the area that they occupy, so that is indeed very good news compared to last year where we only had a little bit over one hectare.","questions":"What is the size of the overwintering colonies this year compared to last year?","answer":"increase"}
{"text":["But there are an unestimated huge number of them that are already in circulation and, one would presume, if they were to be outlawed, an underground market. I mean, does the bump stock just go far enough?","Well, I don't know. I mean, look, I think most Americans do support an individual's right to own a firearm. I certainly do. Now, the issue then becomes, you know - I don't think it's practical to suggest that we could have some kind of gun confiscation movement in this country. There are just probably hundreds of millions of firearms that are owned privately.","I wasn't suggesting that. But I mean, what about limiting the number of weapons or rounds that can be contained in a magazine, which used to be the law.","Well, that's a debate we will likely have. Some states have moved in that direction. But I would suggest that the other issue that many of us are talking about, too, is continuing to enhance background checks for the purchase of private sales of firearms. That is an issue that many of us are advancing. Pat Toomey and Joe Manchin advocated for legislation a few years. I had strongly supported it. Now, I don't want to suggest that, you know, enhancing background checks in any way would have stopped what happened in Las Vegas. From what I've learned so far, I mean. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) Implied meaning: While individuals should have the right to own firearms, it is not practical to suggest the mass confiscation of all firearms in the country.","questions":"How did PersonA suggest to enhance background checks for the purchase of private sales of firearms?","answer":"Enhancing"}
{"text":["This is a shattered, disunited party. And the one thing that they have in terms of cohesion is what seems to be, for the most part, their mutual collective disdain for Hillary Rodham Clinton.","Is there an uprising against Speaker Ryan that's already begun?","I think what's going to happen, if - again, if the polls - and we're projecting forward here - those - he's not likely to lose the speakership. The Republicans are likely to retain control. But a number of, quote, unquote, \"moderates\" or centrists in his caucus are likely to lose. And that means it's Ryan versus what we call the Freedom Caucus - used to be the old Tea Party caucus. So he could come under significant pressure.","Yeah. The numbers aren't necessarily looking his way."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"their mutual collective disdain for Hillary Rodham Clinton\" is an example of a figurative language that conveys a meaning different from its literal meaning. It suggests that the only thing that unites the party members is their shared dislike for Hillary Clinton, which is not a tangible object that can be shattered or disunited.","questions":"How does the figurative language used in turn 0 convey the party's unity?","answer":"Disdain"}
{"text":["Microfauna, can't get enough.","Microflora and fauna.","That's right.","Excuse me, I just thought of - wow, and was this something he started out to do, I mean, as a scientist?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Women are vulnerable due to lack of privacy and basic necessities","questions":"What is the main concern of turn 3?","answer":"Women"}
{"text":["It was incredibly emotional. I mean, it was nearly midnight on what was supposed to be the last day of session. We filed this bill in February and struggled all session long just to get a hearing. And so for it to come down to the wire in this way, while states were passing these bans all around us, it just became so imperative and so frightening in many ways that what you're seeing there is relief.","That's Kelly Cassidy, Illinois state representative and sponsor of the state's Reproductive Health Act, protecting access to abortion. The bill has passed the Illinois State Legislature and now goes to Governor J. B.  Pritzker, who is expected to sign it.","Thank you very much for being with us.","Thanks much."],"speaker":["A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It did not come to a wire but came down to the last moment of the session.","questions":"Which bill?","answer":"Health"}
{"text":["There's a voice that we have not heard a lot from lately and I want to ask you about it. I'm talking about fed chief Ben Bernanke. He seems to have all but disappeared from the headlines. Why is that we aren't hearing more from him as the stimulus package gets debated?","Well, Bernanke's role is to manage U. S.  monetary policy - what does money cost, bank regulations, all that stuff. So frankly he doesn't have very many arrows in his quiver yet left. He's got - I think we're down to, you know, under one percent for the federal funds rate. So there's not a lot of pontificating around interest rates that Bernanke can do. He ought to be of greater voice around the stimulus especially around as you - strategy, the bad bank strategy you mentioned.","I believe that what he's doing really is letting the Obama economic team get their feet wet. Very, very soon we ought to be hearing that he and the Treasury secretary have met. He's not an Alan Greenspan. If you think back to 1992 when Clinton was elected, Greenspan immediately jumped out there and was almost a jockeying between Greenspan and Clinton. And Greenspan made it clear, hey, I'm the money guy, I'm in charge of this, guys. And he, you know, he went to the White House, he had very long meeting with Clinton. It's been written about by - it's been written about it, you know, the Washington Post reporter has written extensively about that meeting, Carl F - Bernstein.","Bernstein."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There was almost a competition for who had the authority of the the situation.","questions":"How was the relationship between Greenspan and Clinton?","answer":"Competition"}
{"text":["And one thing I have learned in writing \"Big Game\" is that the NFL is a big club. We think we know everything; there's all this insider access that the NFL sells. But Colin Kaepernick, Donald Trump - these are outsiders who sort of stormed the club in their own ways. And they try to reveal things. And Colin Kaepernick, by way of this lawsuit, is going to put some very, very uncomfortable people in open court, potentially, in ways that could really expose a lot and sort of open a lot more Pandora's boxes.","Moving on in your book, I infer that Donald Trump might never have become president if the NFL owners had let him buy a football team.","That is the great thought experiment here. Donald Trump - he's tried to get into the NFL for maybe about four decades. If Donald Trump had gotten the Buffalo Bills in 2014, and it's not clear that he was ever close - he was sort of laughed out of the room in some ways - the NFL might have a very different headache or non-headache from the White House. And Donald Trump could be torturing them from within.","Well, why didn't they like his bid for the Bills or any other team he's made over the years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : If the NFL owners had let Donald Trump buy a team, he might not have become president.","questions":"Which person's potential presidency is being referred to in turn 1?","answer":"Trump"}
{"text":["So ultimately, it ended up ruining my life in every capacity. It's affected my health, my family, my emotional and mental well-being and, ultimately, even jobs. You know, I've been offered all these amazing jobs of a lifetimes that I fought really hard to get and I beat out other candidates for. And each time the job would be offered to me, it would then be retracted because of my connection to Jeffrey Epstein.","So that's what led me to finally come forward because I had just reached a point where I was like, you know, this man was out buying second islands and second airplanes just to show off while I was struggling to feed myself and couldn't even get myself a good job because of him, you know?","Right. How did you feel when you found out about Epstein's death?","It was definitely not a good moment. And it's still not, you know?Even every single time I hear those words, there's a certain amount of anger that shoots through my blood that I can't explain."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The connection with Jeffrey Epstein caused me to lose job opportunities","questions":"What was the reason for losing job opportunities?","answer":"Connection"}
{"text":["Interestingly, you get 100,000 dollars worth of insurance. After that, you would either have to move - you would really have to move to a different bank. Now, there may be a provision for pension funds, and that's a little bit different. But by and large, 100,000 dollars, if it's all in the name of the same company, is your limit.","So if you're concerned about that, you might want to spread out your bank holdings a little bit. You might want to put, you know, your payroll in one bank and your savings in another bank, and that would cover - you'd then get 100,000 dollars at each institution.","Here's a question that's similar to one that I asked you in our earlier segment. It comes from Rae Ann Albus Hunt(ph), who wants to know if any bank is safe these days. She's just starting her retirement planning and wants to know where she should invest her money.","Sure. Well, the answer is is that, yeah, you know, by and large, most banks are safe, and I think you really do have to trust the government guarantee."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Having all your money in one bank is risky.","questions":"How much is the insurance limit for a single company?","answer":"100000"}
{"text":["So alphabetically, Jeb Bush, Ben Carson, Hillary Clinton, Martin O'Malley, Bernie Sanders, who'd you like?","You know, I liked the fact that they all came. The important thing for the Urban League was that each of these five candidates accepted our invitation, came, and I think offered a serious perspective from their own point of view. They came in here. They talked about race. They talked about economics. They talked about the criminal justice system. They talked about cities. These issues don't get discussed on the main stage in many, many political debates and discussions. And so why we wanted them here, so they could talk about equality, talk about opportunity, develop those ideas in a way that will not, and - or, I should say, historically has not happened in this campaign up until this point.","Mr.  Morial, another unarmed black man was killed by an officer in Cincinnati. I wonder if you have some ideas you want to bring to our attention about how to try to repair a shattered relationship between black citizens and police.","It's an American tragedy of untold proportions, particularly as we've seen it play out in the last two years. Our ten-point justice plan recommended that body cameras and dash cameras be mandatory for all law enforcement all the way across the country. But we also believe that more must be done when it comes to police officer hiring, police officer training, and police officer accountability. The community wants to and must trust its police if they're going to be allies is in what we all want, and that is safer communities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Mr. Morial believes that body cameras and dash cameras should be mandatory for all law enforcement, as well as other measures such as police officer hiring and training, in order to build trust between the community and police officers.","questions":"How does Mr. Morial suggest building trust between the community and police officers? (Answer: mandatory body and dash cameras, police officer hiring and training)","answer":"Cameras"}
{"text":["Right, right.",". . . these invisible energies, these kind of cosmic influences and attractions and repulsions. So the notion was that the seed contained - you know, was pulled by the sun to drive up a clock. The seed was embedded in a cork in a tub of water, and it was shown, in certain cases, you know, to, when he displayed it, to - no matter which way, whatever you did with the cork, it would go right back and display the accurate time.","Wow.","But it was really a parlor trick because there was also a magnet embedded in the cork. And so if he had enough time beforehand to set this parlor trick up, before people arrived to see it, he would figure out, relative to magnetic north, where the sun would be, and he would set it up so that it would always show the correct time."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The trick was not really performed in a parlour - it is simply a saying that means that there was more to what was happening than people could easily see ","questions":"Which phrase means that there was more to what was happening than people could easily see?","answer":"Misleading"}
{"text":["It works in both ways. I mean, obviously they're all designed to change and evolve in the ecosystem where they're placed. And sometimes that provides spectacular results. You know, we get sort of pink and purple corals and sponges and all these amazing things growing on them and morphing them. And that only adds to them. They really sort of then become alive. But also you're in this really kind of difficult environment. You're in the sea. So in tropical areas, you get big hurricanes, you get the surges of waves. And so with that in mind, you know, I really have to sort of program them then so they're fixed. And that can be a challenge.","I wonder, is part of the appeal you want to make to people with these installations, you have to work a little to see them?","Yes, I think so. I think you have to make a conscious effort, obviously, to go there. And to most people, the sea is this sort of hidden, concealed world that, you know, when they look at, they just see a blue horizon. Whereas, you know, it's actually a spectacular place underwater. It's this marvelous world that we have on our doorsteps. And I kind of want that - my work to be a kind of portal or an entrance for people to get to know more about the sea. And obviously it's in peril from many different threats at the moment, and I really want to draw attention to that.","Ever run into a giant tuna at the market who says, I like your work?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"a kind of portal or an entrance for people\" - This is a metaphorical usage of \"portal\" and \"entrance\" to refer to the artist's work as a means of introducing people to the beauty and importance of the underwater world.","questions":"Which words does the artist use metaphorically to refer to their work?","answer":"Portal,Entrance"}
{"text":["And to do that you have to make time as a real thing.","Well sure because if laws can change in time, then there's nothing beyond time. And this is. . .","Yeah, I understand. How would then - how would the laws of nature then change over time?What is the mechanism that they would be changing or change them?","Well, since I'm a scientist, my job once coming to the philosophical idea that they have to change, is to invent hypotheses as to how they might change. And the whole point is that these hypotheses, since they're about the past, should be testable by observations we can make. So in the book \"Time Reborn\" I consider several of these hypotheses."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : NONE","questions":"Which book does PersonA mention when talking about inventing hypotheses about the past?","answer":"TimeReborn"}
{"text":["I Hope I didn't butcher your name too much. I apologize if I did. This book delves deeply into all of the political powers struggles involved in the building of our nation's capital. Really briefly, first talk about how the capital was moved from Philadelphia to Washington.","Well, first, let's frame it a bit by way of saying that we got our capital on the Potomac River thanks to the politics of slavery and thanks to the hard physical labor of enslaved African-Americans in the 1790s. There was a terrific political battle in the early 1790s over where the nation's capital was going to be. Think of the United States as a - just a collection of little mini-states mostly at odds with each other and without any great unifying national symbol. The capital was supposed to be that unifying symbol.","Congress originally voted to place the capital in Pennsylvania, a free state in the north. However, as you can imagine, Southern slave owners were irate at the prospect of a free-state capital that would set freedom as the national paradigm. They lobbied very aggressively for a Southern capital. There were 32 different sites originally considered, but the capital wound up on the Potomac thanks to probably the country's first real backroom deal cut between Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton.","Well, in fact, you talk a lot in the book about what you call corruption that surrounded the establishing of the capital where it was, and you mention, as you've just now done, that there were presidents involved - Jefferson, Washington, Madison and Hamilton. So how much was the corruption a part of this?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They hope that the did not mispronounce the person's name too badly.  ","questions":"What did PersonB apologize for?","answer":"Mispronouncing"}
{"text":["We wanted to show that it's much more than just the bad guys and the good guys. I remember that I went to the writer's room. And when we were sitting there, I said, I really want to be able and love and want to play every and each role in this show. Most of the terrorists that I saw on TV shows and movies are just the bad guys. Nothing - they didn't have kids. They didn't have families. They didn't have love. They didn't have anything.","And we wanted to show that. We wanted to show that the Israelis - they are not just the soldiers, the brutal bad soldiers. And this is why people feel compassion for both sides. But I can tell you that the terrorists in our show, when they go out in the streets of Israel - even in settlements - it doesn't matter where - people just want to take a selfie with him.","(Laughter).","They became sex symbols for Jewish and Arabs. It doesn't matter. It's like - it's crazy (laughter)."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The fact that people want to take selfies with terrorists is surprising and absurd.","questions":"How do people react to terrorists in the show?","answer":"Positively"}
{"text":["Well, for me it's almost anything that I'm sent and asked to click on in which somebody else is supposedly really embarrassing themselves. And I'm supposed to find this funny. I'm supposed to enjoy the spectacle. But it's just a physical response that I can't, you know. I clench sort of every muscle in my body and I can barely bring myself to watch it and then end up pressing stop. So, you know, examples would be the recording that was around this week of an employee of a cable company attempting to make a departing customer stay using all sorts of extraordinary arguments, I'm told. I'm told it was very embarrassing for the cable company employee. But I don't know because I can't bring myself to listen to it.","The guy who proposed marriage to a woman at the ballpark - you know about this one?","Oh, this is going to be a wedding proposal that is rejected in public, I think?","Yeah, that's it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : the speaker is not actually clenching every muscle in their body, but rather expressing a strong physical discomfort or aversion to watching embarrassing videos.","questions":"How does the speaker physically respond to watching embarrassing videos?","answer":"Discomfort"}
{"text":["I want to ask you how important you think flavors are. Yesterday, the Trump administration announced that it would ban thousands of flavors used in e-cigarettes. How much of a difference do you think that would make in discouraging kids from vaping?","They're tackling it backwards. At the end of the day, put in age verification because otherwise, every teenager would be drinking beer and going to the liquor store four, five times a day. Put in age verification. Make sure - and keep those companies - and hold them accountable. But if you put in age verification as an adult product, that is all you need to do.","So how much business do you stand to lose once this ban on thousands of flavors goes into effect?","That remains to be seen. I don't know. And I don't think it will go into effect. I think, at the end of the day, cooler heads will prevail because what's going to happen is you have to have the understanding and the knowledge and have all the information available to you prior to making such a drastic statement and doing something that will ultimately drive most people back to cigarettes."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : No one is getting tackled. The people are trying to solve the problem the wrong way.","questions":"Which problem are the people trying to solve the wrong way?","answer":"Tackling."}
{"text":["Well, it's interesting. What you find in the data is that Trump did very well among self-described evangelicals. But he did far better among self-described evangelicals who don't regularly attend church. Cruz destroyed him amongst evangelicals who go to church regularly.","And what's also important about that is there's a lot of evidence that white Americans who don't regularly attend church do worse economically and are much more pessimistic about the state of the country. And that's also what Trump tapped into, this sense of deep pessimism about the state of the country. And that pessimism is greater among Americans who don't regularly attend religious services.","And you just - according to your article, you don't see this in just one side of the political divide, do you?","No. What's interesting is that the same divide you see between Ted Cruz and Donald Trump voters, you also saw between Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton voters. So if you look at white Democrats, white Democrats who went to church were much more - religious institutions at all - much more likely to be Hillary Clinton supporters. Bernie Sanders much more likely to win the votes of those who did not regularly attend religious institutions."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The political divide between the Democratic and Republican parties is not the only divide that exists, there are divides within the two parties as well.","questions":"How was the political divide reflected within the white Democrats?","answer":"Divides"}
{"text":["That's right. In the last few years where, as a fugitive, when he was living in Belgrade, he eked out this living as a new age guru. He grew a big bushy white beard, had glasses, had a top knot at the top of his head tied up with a black ribbon. He presented this rather remarkable monk-like figure and, as you say, hid in plain sight. He was often at seminars and conferences about alternative medicine.","He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  Implied meaning: Radovan Karodzic was a war criminal but no one in the bar recognized him as such.","questions":"How was Radovan Karodzic perceived by the people in the bar?","answer":"Unrecognized"}
{"text":["It must be an interesting history to this whole steganography idea.","Yeah, people certainly have been playing around with this for, you know, thousands of years. And people have been sneaking messages in lots of different things. I mean, personally I was kind of inspired by an Edgar Allan Poe short story, \"The Purloined Letter,\" and that's when I started to think about how you could do it mathematically.","But, you know, people have been, you know, taking this approach for a long time.","I notice that you might be able to - I think the Romans shipped apparent black wax tablets, and then you scrape off the wax, something's in there."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This implies that people have been hiding secret messages within a seemingly innocuous message, image, or other file in a way that is not apparent to anyone who is not the intended recipient for ages.","questions":"How have people been hiding secret messages for ages?","answer":"Innocuous"}
{"text":["There were some in the immediate crowd, Scott, who were smiling. But the president chose to make his tour of the damage in a rather affluent area where the damage was not so severe. Elsewhere on the island, these remarks seemed surreal. Plus, there was his rather cavalier comment about Puerto Rico's debt crisis, which is quite severe and which he dismissed and said, well, that's gone. That's gone. That's gone. Well, the next day, the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word. And all of this gave the impression that the president wasn't taking Puerto Rico as seriously as he did the hurricane disasters in Texas and Florida.","Did he leave a different impression the next day in Las Vegas?","You know, he did, and very much so. Whether it was recompense or whether the Vegas shooting just got to him on another level, one of his most authentic moments, really, of apparent empathy since he took office.","We're getting a tweet from president - from President Trump. Or we're not getting it. But he's tweeted, I called Chuck Schumer yesterday to see if the Dems would do a great health care bill. Obamacare is badly broken, big premiums. Who knows?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The actual meaning different from the literal meaning is:  \"...the president's budget director had to walk that back and say we shouldn't take that word for word.\"  The literal meaning of this sentence is that the president's budget director had to retract or clarify the statement made by the president. However, the implied meaning is that the president's initial statement was not accurate or well-thought-out, and it needed to be corrected or softened to avoid negative consequences.","questions":"Which word did the president's budget director suggest should not be taken for word?","answer":"that"}
{"text":["Well, that's definitely, you know, kind of a hip-hop beat, you know, club beat. What's the music like?","Man, the music, this thing, the box set that I ended up receiving, the music is unbelievable. And that's been part of also this hype that you talked about, too, Farai. Like, how come this game is so popular?Well, you know, they have some of the best musicians, some great independent artists that are on air. So the music soundtrack that you play, you are driving a lot throughout the game, so you can change stations. You can change genres, and so you're discovering new artists and you're listening to some of your favorite artists. And the music soundtrack of this thing is scored like a movie.","I mean, this development cost about a 100 million dollars to develop this game. So this is really showing a monumental shift in the amount of money being allocated to even develop a game. We really haven't heard of numbers this high before. But we're talking about a video-game industry that rakes in about 18 billion dollars a year. So it's not a small industry.","Wow, well, speaking of billions of dollars, they came. They asked. They got a no. We are talking about Microsoft's 44. 6-billion-dollar offer to buy Yahoo!, and Yahoo!said nener nener (ph), and cut an ad deal with Google instead. So, should Yahoo!have taken the offer?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The video game industry is worth a lot of money.","questions":"How much?","answer":"18-billion"}
{"text":["Yes, and that's a very different situation because the ice sitting on the ocean, when it melts, it doesn't change sea level. If you think of a glass of ice tea and you put your ice cubes in the ice tea, when the ice melts, your ice tea, obviously, doesn't overflow. The ice just - it. . .","There's quite a difference in volume, but not big enough.","Yeah. It basically doesn't - but the melting ice that's floating doesn't matter, but what - but a lot of the ice sitting on Greenland and on Antarctic, the continent of Antarctica, when that ice melts, that does, in fact, add water to the sea. And those are in the long term, likely to drive the sea level rise and could drive the sea level rise by a great deal in the coming decades and centuries.","So is anomalous - I mean, is this - as you said, it's definitely part of a trend. There's no way to argue with it anymore, about the warming and that it's having real effects. How is it going faster than people feared?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Melting ice on Greenland and Antarctica will increase sea levels","questions":"What will drive the sea level rise in the long term?","answer":"Melting."}
{"text":["So I'm going to plunge straight into another topic. That's gas prices. They rose more than six cents in one day following news of the damage to the Gulf Coast. There is a lot of oil industry there. Tropical Storm Ike also damaged that area.","Now, there is a question of whether or not folks are getting unfairly gouged. One gas station is said to have charged five dollars for a gallon of regular, and there are some other places in the damaged areas that don't even have gas. So is this price gouging?And I'm not just talking about the people in the effected areas, but people across the country.","There is some price gouging, I think, when you get to five dollars. On the other hand, when you're talking about what's happening with production, the fact is that there are almost immediate shortages. Gas stations have the gas that they have under their stations to pump, that's all they have. They have to get deliveries of other gas and it's more scarce, it costs them more.","So if someone decides, in anticipation of price rises, to raise the price on the gas under their station, that's not fair but it's somewhat reasonable. But when they take it from a few cents to five dollars, if it was being posted as $3. 65, which was the national average, and then you get up to five dollars, that does seem to be a bit much."],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Raising gas prices by a large margin is unfair and not reasonable.","questions":"Which action is deemed unfair and unreasonable in regards to gas prices?","answer":"gouging"}
{"text":["Yes, they are in re-settlement areas. For example, in Mozambique you have 258,000 people, 90,000 of whom have been displaced over the past month or so. In Malawi you already have 700 cholera cases that have been reported. You have about 152,000 people who have been affected. So they are moving away from their home areas into re-settlement camps.","Let's move to Kenya in the east of Africa. The talks between President Kibaki and opposition leader Raila Odinga continue today outside of Nairobi and the negotiations are being mediated by former U. N.  Secretary General Kofi Annan. Since the post-election violence began in late December, more than 1,000 people have been killed and hundreds of thousands have been displaced. There are also reports of a wave of sexual violence against women who've been displaced by this turmoil. So Cassandra, what's going on here?","Since the violence after the disputed elections on December 27th, we're seeing that this situation has put women and girls at great risk of sexual assault. We know that always in situations of conflict women and girls are in danger. And in Kenya it is no different. We are hearing reports from Nairobi, from the Nairobi general hospital, that there may be as many as double the number of cases of rape within the days following the eruption of the violence.","And what we know is that for every case that is being treated or is being reported, there are many more victims who fail to seek help."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Many victims of sexual assault in Kenya are not seeking help or reporting the crimes.","questions":"What is the situation of sexual assault victims in Kenya?","answer":"Not-report"}
{"text":["And then, on top of that, you've got a set of rules that just make any type of compromise very difficult. And the toughest one there is that any budget or spending plan has to pass by two-thirds of a vote of both the Senate and the Assembly. So, even though the Democrats hold pretty firm majorities in both houses, they can't do it without getting three Republican votes from the Senate and three from the Assembly.","So, it basically has to be a consensus budget. And the governor for his entire term has been totally flummoxed by the fact that it's so difficult to find a middle ground in the legislature to get things done.","Jordan Rau reporting from Sacramento for the Los Angeles Times on California's massive budget deficit facing more than $14 billion shortfall this year. And, Jordan, thank you very much.","You're welcome."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The governor has had a hard time finding common ground in the legislature to get things done due to the difficulty in passing a budget.","questions":"How has the governor been impacted by the difficulty in passing a budget?","answer":"Flummoxed"}
{"text":["We begin with history. The slave codes of South Carolina, 1739. A fine of $100 and six months in prison would be imposed for anyone found teaching a slave to read or write, and death is the penalty for circulating any incendiary literature.","Just a couple of minutes later, she concluded with a citation from a mentor, Dr.  Katie Cannon.","Black people, you said, were the only people in the United States ever explicitly forbidden to become literate. I am now officially speechless.","This year, Nikky Finney's on the other side of the National Book Awards, judging the poetry category. She's currently a professor of English at the University of Kentucky, but recently accepted a position at the University of South Carolina. Nikky Finney joins us today from member station WUKY in Lexington. Nice to have you on again."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Nikky Finney's ancestors were denied the right to learn to read and now she  can read and is a judge at the National Book Awards.","questions":"What is Nikky Finney's profession?","answer":"Professor"}
{"text":["This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Secretary of State John Kerry has joined world diplomats in Geneva today in hopes of reaching an initial agreement to freeze Iran's nuclear program. His arrival suggests a deal may be within reach this weekend, but it's still not there yet. NPR's Peter Kenyon is in Geneva and joins us now. Peter, thanks so much for being with us.","Hi, Scott.","So, how do we read the tea leaves on this?The talks were supposed to finish yesterday, but now the secretary of state has flown all the way across the Atlantic to join them.","Well, it should be a positive sign, although the very latest comments from British Foreign Secretary William Hague are along the lines, well, the gaps are narrow but they're important and not easy to resolve. So, I think your point that we're not there yet is still very much in play. But I think there's also a high-level presence, which means there's a growing sense of urgency about wrapping up these talks. I mean, this is supposed to be the easy part - a six-month deal that's entirely reversible in just about every respect if something doesn't go right. So, hammering out a lasting comprehensive deal is going to be much harder than this. And if this one takes too long to negotiate, there's a fear the whole diplomatic enterprise could just collapse under pressure. We've already heard from both parties in Congress that more sanctions may come up next month if these talks fail. So, I'd say there is a feeling of some kind of a deadline. Maybe not this weekend but soon."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The expression \"read the tea leaves\" is used to describe gathering subtle clues to gain an understanding of a situation. In this context, it means to interpret the events to gain an understanding of the likelihood of an agreement being reached.","questions":"What does the expression \"read the tea leaves\" mean in the context of the dialogue?","answer":"Interpret"}
{"text":["And so, finally, what would affect this backlog?What would be the most - in your view, based on your experience - the most effective way to address this backlog - this enormous backlog of cases?","I think, to begin with, any high-volume court system - criminal courts, you know, outside of the immigration system - can only survive when you have - the two parties are able to conference cases, are able to reach pre-case settlements, are able to reach agreements on things. If you could imagine in the criminal court system, if every jaywalking case had to go through a - you know, a full jury trial and then, you know, get appealed all the way up as high as it could go, that system would be in danger of collapse as well. So I think you have to return to a system where you allow the two sides to negotiate things.","And you also have to give the judges - let them be judges. Give them the tools they need to be judges and the independence they need to be judges. And lastly, you have to prioritize the cases.","Before we let you go, I assume that there were different political perspectives at this conference, given that people come from all different sectors of that - of the bar. And I just wondered - and I assume that there are some there who favor more restrictionist methods and some who don't. I was wondering, overall, was there a mood at this conference?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : cases implies situations, issues or conditions and not suitcases or packs","questions":"Which term implies situations, issues or conditions and not suitcases or packs?","answer":"Situations"}
{"text":["Why they're talking about it is because they feel they have to talk about it. The government of Bangladesh wants the bulk of these people to return. They also would be feeling some domestic pressures in this area, as well. And the government of Burma, I think, is feeling some of the pressure from the international community and feels some need to be responsive. But the real story here is this is horrifying, this discussion, to be taking place right now, given the complete absence of measures in place to ensure safety and security upon return.","As I understand it, the Rohingya, according to this agreement, will be moved from the camps in Bangladesh to a camp in Myanmar where there could be security concerns.","Oh yeah, there are no safeguards in place. There - been no serious discussion of safeguards for return. You have to realize that we're talking about one of the greatest crimes in recent memory - massive abuses, forced relocation of hundreds of thousands of people in a matter of weeks.","There's problems, obviously, with monitoring the situation. The government won't let - of Myanmar - won't let international monitors in. And, in fact, the top U. N.  official responsible for human rights was barred from the country. Is that right?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The situation is horrifying because no safety measures have been put in place for the return of the Rohingya.","questions":"What is the reason for the discussion about the Rohingya?","answer":"Rohingya"}
{"text":["Senator Clinton is showing signs of being very interested in having the second slot on the ticket, whether or not ultimately she really wants to be vice president. I think she wants to have the salute that goes with having that job offered. Even if she chooses not to take it, and perhaps there would be good reasons for her to go either way, she would like to have the salute to her efforts and her constituencies that's implied by the offer.","Does that salute include money?","Well, she does have a campaign debt. I don't think that it's a crippling debt, and the Clintons have their own ability to either cover that debt or to raise money on their own. But they do need to get that money raised by the end of the summer. Otherwise, it's not going to be retireable under the current fundraising rules. So she needs to get it done soon, and she could use some help with that. Barack Obama could provide that support with his online fundraising base of a million and a half contributors.","All right, Ron. Thanks again."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : This implies that Senator Clinton does not really want to become the Vice President, she just wanted to be honored for trying.","questions":"How does Senator Clinton feel about becoming Vice President?","answer":"interested"}
{"text":["Oh, thanks. We're professional seguers here at NPR.","You took my breath away there.","Well, speaking of age, though, you're - you play a geezer in this picture.","Yeah, but I'm the youngest in the cast.","Really, I'm the baby."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : you took my breath away implies being very amazing, surprising and beautiful in view and performance. Not taking someone's breath or air by trying to suffocate them ","questions":"Which word describes the performance that took PersonA's breath away?","answer":"Beautiful"}
{"text":["Well, do you know, patients liked me 'cause I was really jolly and nice and what they didn't realize is they'd probably been much better off with some mumbling introvert who actually knew something. And in fact, I dreaded it. And my only happy day as a doctor was one sunny summer day where we got no admissions at all and I sat on the lawn outside the hospital and read \"The Longest Journey\" by E.  M.  Forster. That was the only happy day, and in the end, I didn't go back. And I thought, well, what could I do?I'm not qualified for anything else. I thought, the only thing I've done is comedy. And I applied for and got a job with BBC Light Entertainment in radio.","I am among those that think that British humor is one of the great forces for civilization in the world.","(Laughter).","But that being noted, it must be rough to - a challenge to take a comic approach to the Blitz, which is, in a sense, the great national heroic story of Britain."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The speaker is not only expressing admiration for British humor but also implying that it has been a positive force in the world. (3) The speaker is expressing amusement and agreement with the previous statement, not simply laughing for no reason. (4) The speaker is expressing admiration for the challenge of using comedy to tell the story of the Blitz, not simply noting the difficulty of doing so.","questions":"How is the speaker reacting to PersonB's statement about British humor?","answer":"Amusement"}
{"text":["Lettuce is an incredibly water-intensive crop. And the relationship with climate change and drought. . .","And even gender.","Iceberg in particular has managed to transcend these unfairly feminine connotations that salad-eating has taken on.","So as you reconsider iceberg's place in the fabric of our society and on your table, Rosner urges you to think even beyond the delicious wedge salad. She suggests stir-frying your lettuce, pickling it or blending it into a cold soup. And even if lettuce experimentation isn't for you, you can still try to let go of your leafy, green pretensions. Not everything has to be arugula."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Iceberg has a place in society and the contruction of it.","questions":"How does Iceberg fit into society?","answer":"incredibly"}
{"text":["Leading the tributes to President George H. W. Bush were several former presidents and the current president. President Trump said of Mr.  Bush, with sound judgment, common sense and unflappable leadership, he guided our nation and the world to a peaceful and victorious conclusion of the Cold War. President Bill Clinton, who defeated Mr.  Bush for the presidency in 1992, gave thanks for his great long life of service, love and friendship. Ron Elving, senior Washington correspondent, joins us. Ron, thanks so much for being with us.","Good to be with you, Scott.","He was the last of a different generation - sometimes called the greatest generation. He served in World War II, congressman, former U. S.  ambassador to China and the United Nations, director of the CIA, vice president and then after that finally president.","You know, when he first sought the Republican nomination in 1980, Scott, his TV ads called him, quote, \"a president we won't have to train,\" unquote. And that was a nod to all that preparation and experience he had had even before he was vice president."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Mr. Bush's generation is unique and admirable for their services in different fields.","questions":"How would you describe the generation that George H.W. Bush belonged to?","answer":"Greatest"}
{"text":["Jay Austin and Lauren Geoghegan were both 29. For years, they worked desk jobs in Washington, D. C.  - Lauren at the admissions office at Georgetown University, Jay at the Department of Housing and Urban Development. In their travel blog, they wrote that they wanted to live life on simpler, more deliberate terms and see the globe in an inexpensive, sustainable and gratifying way. They wanted to bike it. Back in 2015, Jay Austin showed an NPR reporter around his house as part of a feature on the tiny house movement.","That's the parlor over there, seating for about seven or so, two couches.","All 143 square feet of it. Jay Austin believed in tiny homes.","I think it's really been great to have kind of not a very complex, not a very expensive space but to have the ability to have easy access to nature. If I am feeling like I have cabin fever, I open my front door."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Jay Austin's belief in tiny homes is reflected in the 143 square feet parlor.","questions":"Which feature of Jay Austin's house reflects his belief in tiny homes?","answer":"Parlor"}
{"text":["Well, you know, I'll tell you, there is a recent study showing that when you do learning at night, you retain it better, and this may be why the bedtime story has survived the centuries and been such a beloved institution.","We actually are doing research ourselves. We did a small study last summer with Boys & Girls Clubs in New Jersey where the kids got a fun math problem every day, and we tested them before and after the six weeks. And while most kids slide two or three months in skills over the summer, we found that 72 percent of these kids actually did better. . .","Wow.",". . . at the end of the summer. So we're now doing a study with the University of Chicago for the next five years to see if we can pin down what's happening."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : They want to find out what is happening not take a pin to it.","questions":"How do they plan to investigate the phenomenon?","answer":"study"}
{"text":["I'm personally not. I'm going to ask Teller if he is.","I'm honest - I'm not a card guy. And that's a card move, right?","JOE #1: That's a card - yes, it's a card flight. And it's an illusion where you have four cards that are facedown. And when you spread the cards, one of the cards just turns face up, and it look as if from the spectator's point of view that the card just magically turns face up. It doesn't look like you're doing any sleight whatsoever. But the reason that's so hard, or that was so hard for me to pick up, was that - just the timing of the sleight with what we needed to do to take the spectator's eyes away at that particular moment. There's a timing issue.","Joe, give us civilians an idea of how long you would work on that."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Here, the term \"civilians\" is used metaphorically to refer to non-professionals or individuals who are not experienced in a particular field, rather than its literal meaning of non-military individuals. The sentence asks Joe to provide an estimation of the time he would spend working on the mentioned task.","questions":"Which term is used metaphorically to refer to non-professionals in turn 3?","answer":"Civilians"}
{"text":["So these are microorganisms. They're a little under a millimeter in size. They have four legs. And a lot of people think they look like bears, hence the name water bear. They are found everywhere on Earth, from jungles, to the top of the Himalayas, to the Antarctic. And as you had mentioned, they can survive pretty much any sort of environment, from extremely hot temperatures to extremely cold temperatures. They can survive in the vacuum of space. They're pretty much indestructible.","And how did a few thousand of them potentially end up on the moon?","A non-profit organization called the Arch Mission Foundation sent a lunar library to the surface of the moon with the Beresheet lander.","The Beresheet lander. This is an Israeli mission."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"Everywhere on Earth\" sounds like exaggeration. It implies that they can survive in all sorts of different extreme conditions.","questions":"How do water bears survive in extreme environments?","answer":"Indestructible"}
{"text":["The flu hits with the regularity of seasons. But it's hard to know when it will peak, and how it might spread. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention want to forecast yearly bouts of influenza the way that meteorologists predict storms. So they've set up a contest every two weeks through March, in which competing teams submit predictions for when the flu will peak and how intense it will be.","Mark Dredze is a professor of computer science at the Johns Hopkins University. He analyzes social media data, to try to learn about health trends. Professor Dredze, thanks so much for being with us.","I'm happy to be here.","So how do you use social media to make a prediction on a medical matter?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  implies a respectful and inquisitive inquiry into how Professor Dredge uses social media to make predictions.","questions":"Which matter does PersonB ask Professor Dredze about?","answer":"Prediction"}
{"text":["Madam de Pompadour was the mistress of Louis XV and a style-setter. A painting shows her at her vanity table with her mirror, her makeup brush and compact, wearing a shockingly low-cut gown. Her preening went on for hours, so she'd receive visitors as she put on her makeup.","She had incredibly good taste, and hired only the most important, the most well-known furniture designers, painters. She was very cultured, and she created amazing furniture. And this table was made for her Chateau Bellevue. And it's impeccably made. The marquetry is fantastic. It's all about her life and who she is and her lifestyle. And so you should notice that on the top of the bronze-gilt mounts of the legs, there are little castle tops representing where she lives, her chateau. And then the top shows all of her interests - her interests in gardening and nature, her interest in music. And this was, obviously, commissioned by her and was to make to show her interests and her likes.","There are exquisite combs in the exhibit. Some of them are decorated with precious gems, others made out of rubber, and some made out of ebony and ivory. But they were not all used for beauty alone.","The interesting thing about the double-sided combs: the wide tooth is to comb hair, and the narrow end is to comb out the lice."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1) implies that Madam de Pompadour was very vain and spent a lot of time preening herself, indicating that she may have been more concerned with her appearance than her actual duties as the mistress of Louis XV.","questions":"How did Madam de Pompadour spend her time?","answer":"Preening."}
{"text":["And of course we speak this week on a week in which the city of Baltimore has been undergoing a lot of restiveness, including injuries and arrests. What do you make of the fact that you've got Wednesday's ballgame played at Camden Yards, but no audience?","I think that's a shame. Much like how after 9\/11 I didn't think they should've called the ballgames off, I thought they should still have baseball being played. I think baseball helps people heal. It changes things. Look at Jackie Robinson, what that did for the civil rights movement. I can speak for my family when they came over from Poland at the turn-of-the-century. They combined with other immigrant kids and they all learned baseball because that was one thing that brought everybody together.","Gary Cieradkowski - his new book, \"The League of Outsider Baseball. \"Thanks so much for being with us.","Thank you, Scott."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : ) A: I think that's a shame.Much like how after 9\/11 I didn't think they should've called the ballgames off, I thought they should still have baseball being played.I think baseball helps people heal.It changes things.Look at Jackie Robinson, what that did for the civil rights movement.I can speak for my family when they came over from Poland at the turn-of-the-century.They combined with other immigrant kids and they all learned baseball because that was one thing that brought everybody together. Actual meaning: A is expressing his opinion that playing baseball is important for helping people heal, both from tragedy and from prejudice. He also explains that it has been an integral part of his family's experience of immigration. ","questions":"How did baseball bring together PersonA's family and other immigrant kids?","answer":"Baseball"}
{"text":["A big gamble - why?","Well, because there could be very negative consequences. I mean, first of all, they could lose. The Houthi rebels in Yemen could defy the bombing and succeed in taking over the country, which would be a mighty embarrassment, especially because Iran would then step in to fill the aid and friendship vacuum in Yemen. You could get civilian collateral damage in which the Saudis would be seen to be bombing Sunni Muslims in a neighboring country. Yemen is already the poorest country in the region and its prospects are getting worse, not better. If you get a complete state failure or breakdown of services in Yemen, which is also running out of water, you could have an uncontrollable flow of refugees or other trouble for Saudi Arabia.","You haven't mentioned the possibility that this whole thing might open the door for al-Qaida, the al-Qaida in Yemen, to take advantage of the chaos.","Well, that's also correct. I mean, it's sort of the mirror image of the situation in Iraq. There, the fight against ISIS has sort of obscured the fight for control of the country. And in Yemen, the Saudis are taking on the Houthis, which could in fact relieve Houthi pressure on al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula, a group which is the Saudis' dedicated mortal enemy."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : implies that the fight against the Houthi rebels could relieve al-Qaida pressure in the region.","questions":"What group could take advantage of the chaos in Yemen?","answer":"al-Qaida"}
{"text":["What else can you tell us about the suspected shooters?","The authorities have two suspects in custody right now, one 18-year-old man and another juvenile suspect. The 18-year-old was identified as Devon Erickson. He appeared in court earlier today wearing a red prison jumpsuit. He has shoulder-length hair dyed black and purple. The DA is asking for no bond to be set on him right now, but a hearing to file criminal charges against him is set for this Friday afternoon. The other alleged shooter is a 17-year-old person who was also in court today. Parents of the student who died, Kendrick Castillo - they were present at the hearing today as well.","Have authorities said anything about - of the motive behind the shooting?","Right now they're still investigating, and they haven't said whether there was a clear motive or not."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : B is asking for more information about the suspects","questions":"What is the name of the 18-year-old suspect in custody?","answer":"Devon-Erickson"}
{"text":["He and his commission had better get it organized. Otherwise, the fury Nigerians are feeling today could spill into much worse. So they say the presidential vote and, of course, it wasn't just voting for president - also for governors, also for national assembly, also for the state assembly.","So we'll have the presidential next Saturday in another vote. But some other votes have been postponed till 9 of March. That's after the original second-round vote date of the 2 of March. So the electoral commission has got to get itself sorted out.","NPR's Ofeibea Quist-Arcton, thanks so much.","Always a pleasure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : If the commission doesn't organize things well, there could be violence.","questions":"Which commission?","answer":"Electoral"}
{"text":["Yes, absolutely.","What do you mean?","Well, I've been through a lot. People don't like talking about things that hurt. Usually we like to skip over that stuff because it brings up something that's unpleasant, but honestly it's the only way that I feel like some of those things have purpose because of somebody else's journey. And I really believe, you know, the quote from the Scriptures that says, all things work together for my good. All things work together for my good, not just the stuff I liked, not just the stuff that felt really great in the highs in my life that were wonderful, even not selling records has worked for my good because my ego is not in a place where you can't be in the same room with me and fit.","I'm not in a place that when I see an unwed mother at 17, that I go, she probably didn't have no mama that cared about her. I had a mama that cared and I could have been that girl. And because of knowing that it could have been me, when I see them the emphatically in heart is different than somebody else's who doesn't know what it's like to be that girl whose been manipulated and her innocence stolen from her. It was stolen from me, and I know what that feels like. And you feel by yourself, you feel damaged goods."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Talking about unpleasant things can have a purpose","questions":"What is the quote from the Scriptures that the speaker mentions as a belief?","answer":"Allthings"}
{"text":["Yesterday, we reported on the U. N.  Security Council meeting that took place on Friday. The topic was Kashmir. It seems like there was not really a consensus on how to move forward on this issue. Did you have a sense of how the residents of Kashmir would like - what role they would like the international community to play in this conflict, if any?","I think that a majority of Kashmiris are really, really tired of the violence. Many, many years ago, there had been a lot of hopes on Pakistan. But I think that hope is gone. Once the ban on communication is lifted, when Internet is restored, many are expecting to see a few - at least a few clashes between protesters and Indian security forces in Kashmir.","That's journalist Rahul Pandita. He was kind of to join us from Delhi.","Rahul, thank you so much for speaking with us about your reporting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : being tired of something means that you are annoyed or mad at something. People are getting annoyed of violence, or mad at the violence.","questions":"Which emotion do Kashmiris feel towards the violence?","answer":"Tired"}
{"text":["They survived, but it's not like they were back at a comfortable hospital stateside within a few weeks is it?","No, their reward for surviving was Japanese captivity. And you know, what lay ahead for them was famously fictionalized in the movie \"The Bridge On The River Kwai,\" the so-called Burma-Thailand Railway, which was a - it was a war crime, really. These POWs were set to work for the Japanese, building this railroad through the jungle up in Burma and Thailand. And it was a case, literally, of the survivors in some sense envying the dead. 20 percent of the survivors would die in captivity. And so out of that 1,100-man crew, fewer than 300 came home.","It seems good here to remember the words that President Roosevelt said after the sinking, quote, \"our enemies have given us the chance to prove that there will be another USS Houston and yet another USS Houston, if that becomes necessary. And still another USS Houston, as long as American ideals are in jeopardy. \"","Well, he spoke those words, I believe, it was on Memorial Day, 1942. The president had a special relationship with this ship and its crew. Four times during the '30s he took world cruises on the Houston. It got to the point where when he called the Navy Department and said, bring the boat around, the admirals on duty knew exactly which ship he meant; he meant the Houston."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3), \"It seems good here to remember the words that President Roosevelt said after the sinking, quote, 'our enemies have given us the chance to prove that there will be another USS Houston and yet another USS Houston, if that becomes necessary. And still another USS Houston, as long as American ideals are in jeopardy.'\"  The literal meaning is simply a quote from President Roosevelt about the USS Houston and its crew. However, the implied meaning is that the quote represents the resilience and determination of the American people in the face of adversity and how they will continue to fight for their ideals even in the most difficult of circumstances. It is a call to action and a reminder of the sacrifices made by those who fought for their country.","questions":"How did President Roosevelt's words after the sinking of the USS Houston reflect American resilience and determination?","answer":"Resilience"}
{"text":["Well, it's a wide hurricane. So we expect impacts on both the east coast and the west coast. But the major impacts are going to be in the Florida Keys, particularly the lower Keys - then into the Naples area and then up the coast more into the Fort Myers area and into - early in next week into the Tampa area.","What do you see over the next 24 hours?","We see that it'll make this final turn. And we'll really be able to zero in on where that core is going to go. There's still a little bit of uncertainty, but we're looking most likely that the biggest impact's along southwest Florida.","What are your biggest concerns?Mr.  DeMaria. We have, of course, this whole constellation of effects between the winds and the storm surge and the flooding."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  (4) - This is asking for the biggest worries or concerns of Mr. DeMaria regarding the effects of the hurricane.","questions":"How would you summarize the main focus of turn 3 in one word?","answer":"Concerns"}
{"text":["Tell us about that nuanced way.","Sure. What is important here is that the Kurds of Syria - look, I don't want to get in too many alphabet soups with you, but let's call them the PYD, as they're known in English - are indeed an offshoot of the PKK, the Kurds of Turkey. The PKK are the internationally recognized terrorist group, the avowed enemies of the Turkish state. For the past many months, the United States and most of our other coalition partners have drawn a distinction between the PYD, the Kurds of Syria, who have been battling against ISIS very fiercely since last October, on the one hand, as people that we needed to work with and on the other hand, the PKK, whom we recognized years ago, as an enemy of our Turkish ally. That distinction is really important to us, and the Turkish government practically have accepted that distinction.","Has something changed with Turkey?Because the last time we spoke with you, Mr. Ambassador, it was to ask you if Turkey really was an ally in the effort against ISIS.","Well, I think there can be less question of that now. The United States' larger strategy with respect to Syria in the region remains to be articulated beyond the need to defeat and destroy ISIS. The Turks continue to see the strategic problem in different terms but now very much including the need to defeat ISIS. So there's more common ground than there was before, and it's more overt and explicit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied Meaning: The speaker's use of sarcasm suggests that they do not believe the statement they just made is true, and instead are expressing the opposite sentiment.","questions":"Which sentiment does the speaker express through their use of sarcasm?","answer":"Opposite"}
{"text":["On Tuesday, Panamanian officials announced they had intercepted a North Korean ship laden with a suspicious cargo of Cuban sugar. Drug enforcement agents, acting on a tip, boarded the ship in the Panama Canal last week and found hidden below the sugar not drugs but missile parts and disassembled fighter planes. When pressed, Cuban authorities said the ship was carrying obsolete defensive weapons to North Korea for repair. Joining us now to fill us in on the history of Cuba's relationship with North Korea is Dr.  Frank Mora. Until very recently, he was deputy assistant secretary of defense. He is now director of the Latin American and Caribbean Center at Florida International University. Thank you for joining us.","DR.  FRANK MORA: Great to be here, Linda.","Now, when did North Korea and Cuba first develop a relationship?","It was the 1960s, not long after Fidel Castro declared Cuba being a Marxist-Lenin state, which was in December. And not long after that, the Cuban revolution decided to side with the Soviet Union rather than the Chinese in the Russian-Sino split that had occurred in the '60s. And, of course, North Korea had become a client of the Soviet Union, particularly after the Korean War. And Cuba had gravitated toward the direction. So, there was an immediate connection but it was not much more than a diplomatic-political-ideological relations rather than economic relationship."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Implied meaning: Communication involves not only transmitting information but also interpreting and responding to the feedback and reactions of others, and adjusting the message accordingly.","questions":"How did Cuba and North Korea's relationship begin?","answer":"1960s"}
{"text":["Before the pardon, he was thinking about working through the Justice Department to help Arpaio off. And this was not because, necessarily, the merits of the case. The Washington Post reports that this was because the president saw Arpaio as an ally, a loyalist who needed to be protected.","You mentioned Congress comes back after Labor Day. Do you think Republicans go it alone and maybe pass what laws they want and then send them up to President Trump for his signature at this point?","When it comes to tax reform, Congress will take the lead. The White House is not trying to outline the details. Look for Congress to try to set where the rates are on corporations and on individuals and just try to get the president to sign it so he can maybe get a victory. That's what they've been seeking in Congress. They weren't able to get health care through. They're going to try to get a simple tax care package through.","Robert Costa is national political reporter for The Washington Post. Robert, thanks a lot."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : All the turns in this conversation appear to have their literal meanings, and there are no metaphors, figurative language or idioms used.","questions":"What was the reason for President Trump wanting to protect Arpaio?","answer":"Ally"}
{"text":["Her fencing tutor, when she is 13, makes her his mistress. Julie says he gave everything I desired and quite a few things I hadn't known existed. Oh, my word.","(Laughter) He was her father's boss. And he was one of the great nobleman of France at the time, a very, very powerful man. And all of a sudden, she was the very young mistress and was moved into Paris so that he could keep her separate from his wife, but she wanted more. And so very quickly she got bored and she ran off with her fencing master.","Yeah. There's a lot of fencing in this book. As soon as I say that, I realize metaphorical but also actual fencing in this book.","Well, I used to fence as a kid. It's one of the reasons I know about her. I fenced all through school and college, but I have to say that I'd - when I'm writing the fencing scenes, I do jump out of my chair and grab a foil - I've still got my old swords - and I act out the scenes for myself just to make sure that they make sense."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Yeah. There's a lot of fencing in this book. As soon as I say that, I realize metaphorical but also actual fencing in this book.  The implied meaning here is that the phrase \"metaphorical but also actual fencing\" suggests that fencing is not only a physical activity portrayed in the book but also serves as a metaphorical representation of conflict or rivalry between characters. It implies that fencing is used symbolically within the book's narrative.","questions":"Which activity is used symbolically in the book's narrative?","answer":"Fencing"}
{"text":["Are there any good reasons to use this?","There is a separate group here working on storing data in DNA. It turns out that DNA is really robust for long-term storage, whereas, you know, hard drives may die after a few years. You can conceivably store data in DNA for hundreds or thousands of years. And as long as life continues to be based on DNA, we'll always have a reason to read and write DNA. So it's sort of a technology that won't go obsolete.","So, I mean, we underscored the aspect of some kind of mischief or outright miscreants. But I wonder, you know, a few years from now, instead of having hard drives or storage systems, will people just carry around that information in themselves, in their DNA?","I'm not sure that people will carry around that information within them. But I do believe people will start using DNA for sort of long-term storage. So accessing data from DNA and putting data into DNA is a pretty slow process. And so you'll want to, you know, archive photos in there and things like that. But you won't want to use it for your day-to-day tasks, at least not for the foreseeable future."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The question suggests that the use of DNA for data storage might be beneficial.","questions":"How did PersonB perceive the potential benefits of using DNPersonA for data storage in turn 0?","answer":"Mischief"}
{"text":["All right.","You know, Cory Booker is the latest Democrat to get in, but most of the conversation this last week was about Howard Schultz, who calls himself a longtime Democrat - lifelong Democrat - but who is talking about running as an independent.","Try and avoid any latte jokes. He didn't exactly make a good first impression with a lot of people, did he?","It is no joke to a lot of Democrats. They're seeing a Schultz candidacy as a spoiler, a way to split the anti-Trump vote and re-elect Trump. And most of the positive commentary about Schultz's candidacy has been coming from the other side, including the president, who sent out a tweet questioning Schultz's smarts and saying he didn't have the guts. And it just might sound like the way to goad somebody to run, especially if someone really would like to see Schultz in the race.","Seemed clear this week more than ever that the directors of U. S.  intelligence agencies see the world differently than President Trump does, doesn't it?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 4 : to see the world differently means to have a different opinion","questions":"Which word describes having a distinct view from someone else?","answer":"Differently"}
{"text":["Absolutely not - no deal. You know, Congress recognized, when the Environmental Protection Agency was established in 1970, that California was the first to set their own car standards, even before we had a federal agency dealing with air pollution. And they have allowed California, for the last 50 years, to set emission standards that are more stringent than the federal government. So California has been the laboratory of innovation when it comes to reducing emissions from cars.","Is the auto industry essentially telling the Trump White House it's going to be - it's going to create market instability for us to have to manufacture according to U. S.  national standards and California national standards?","That's one of the issues. But it's more than that. Because if the Trump administration moves forward rolling back the standards, California and 18 other states that reflect more than 50% or 60% of the car sales in the country will challenge that decision in courts. And it will take three to four years. . .","Oh."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : So California has been where innovation has been occuring and tested.","questions":"How has California been a leader in reducing car emissions?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Oh, it's kind of odd. Really, it's quiet. The streets are quiet. There's this wariness, though, that, you know, death could burst from the sky at any second. Obviously, this is something that Israelis are experiencing as well with rocket fire there. But here, there are no warning sirens. There's not an Iron Dome to intercept anything. The military strength of Israel is tremendously more powerful than the military strength of Hamas or Islamic Jihad or other groups here. In some cases, Israel does warn people about strikes. For example, I spoke to a woman this morning whose neighbor is part of Hamas, that that person got a phone call this morning to get out of the house. He alerted the neighbors. This is sort of normal. She burst into tears. Her husband said, don't cry in front of the children. She took the kids to a friend's. She went to work.","And a normal life continues in the midst of all this?","Well, in some ways, it has to. If you aren't right next to a rocket attack, you might not even know it happens - or close enough by to hear it. I did speak to a man this morning whose, you know, baby came two weeks early three days ago. And he had to take the baby boy to the doctor last night at night. He had to do it even though he didn't want to be driving around at night. So, yes, people do carry on as they can.","And briefly - we don't have much time - but there have been similar flare-ups like this in recent years. Is there any sense of what's coming next in this conflict?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implied meaning: Do people have to keep going despite the danger in the conflict?","questions":"What did the man have to do with his baby at night?","answer":"Doctor"}
{"text":["Because unlike candidates, which have to disclose their fundraising and spendings to the Federal Elections Commission, outside groups - a lot of them are basically incorporated nonprofits, they're businesses. And they don't really have a legal mandate to disclose. They're simply communicating a message. So what these Federal Communication Commission filings do is give us a sense of what they're spending on the biggest ticket item in politics right now, which is television advertising.","So how do these new rules make what you do easier?","Back in sort of the bad old days, the pre-2012 days, you would actually hop in your car, and if you had five or six television stations in your market, you would go to to five or six television stations and root through physical files to find out what groups were behind these ads. And the things in those files were valuable, not only because they sort of told you the volume of advertising in dollar terms and how many spots they were running, but also sometimes they were the only hints of who was actually behind an ad, you know. A lot of these groups have names like Mom For Apple Pie. Well, who is was Mom For Apple Pie?Sometimes the FCC files were your only hope to kind of figure out - oh, this is actually attached to this Republican or this Democratic organization.","And in your state this year, there has been a time of spending already. On the Republican side, there are a couple of big names that of been doing this - Americans For Prosperity and Crossroads GPS. And I think we have an ad for Americans For Prosperity."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : the literal meaning is that outside groups are only communicating a message and do not have a legal mandate to disclose their fundraising and spendings. The actual meaning is that despite not being required to disclose their activities, outside groups are still significant spenders on television advertising in politics.","questions":"How are outside groups significant in television advertising despite not being required to disclose their activities?","answer":"Spending"}
{"text":["Well, the - there in every single state, and the data changes state by state, but in every single state, there is a huge disproportionality between the number of particularly African-Americans, but also Latino youths, who wind up in high-level facilities, as opposed to Caucasians youth who wind up in high-level facilities.","And by high level you mean the higher security, more. . .","I mean, higher - yes, more intensive, more secure facilities. Ironically, or maybe not so ironically, when you look at high - facilities that have a high-level of treatment, you'll see disproportionally white youth in the high-level of treatment facilities. But from the very first day, when we start with arrests, which I'm sure you're very familiar with, but moving on through the system, there is continuous and increased disproportionality.","That doesn't even deal with the real disproportionality in the system, between families that have assets, and the families that have fewer assets. So, youth in the juvenile justice system are primarily African-Americans and Latinos that are almost entirely low-income youth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The juvenile justice system disproportionately affects low-income African-American and Latino youths.","questions":"What group is disproportionately affected by the juvenile justice system?","answer":"Low-income"}
{"text":["Yeah, I mean, that certainly has been the view on the right and in the Republican Party and from many quarters over, you know, this isn't fair and you keep moving the goalposts. One of the problems has been that it's built into the Clean Air Act that it is updated every five years in accordance with the science.","And what the science has found in its progress over the decades has been disturbing from a health perspective. And it's also been sort of onerous from a regulatory perspective because those findings are that levels of pollution that years ago were thought to be safe actually are still killing people. America's air is much cleaner now than it was back in 1970, but a hundred thousand Americans still die every year from the effects of air pollution. That's a lot of people.","As you travel the world reporting on air pollution in other countries, did you gain an appreciation for what the U. S.  was able to accomplish with the Clean Air Act?","Yeah. I think as I traveled around the world, I could see actually in clearer and clearer focus that America's progress since 1970 is a real success story. I went to China, and officials there are trying to sort of replicate the achievements that we've had here in the United States. And it's, you know, I guess sort of ironic to see the United States undermining its own Clean Air Act enforcement capability as other countries begin to try to replicate it."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"replicate the achievements\" - This phrase means to repeat or recreate the successes or accomplishments that the United States has had with its Clean Air Act. Its actual meaning is metaphorical and not related to copying or duplicating something exactly.","questions":"How did officials in China try to follow the United States' progress in reducing air pollution?","answer":"Trying"}
{"text":["Hi.","So, where were you when the typhoon hit?","I was on the island of Baho, and Baho was affected yesterday about 2 P. M. The problem for Baho is that it had already been basically destroyed, parts of it, by a massive earthquake just three weeks ago. So, there are certain areas of Baho that were particularly vulnerable to the extreme weather that we had yesterday.","I know you're still struggling to assess things but what can you tell us about what conditions look like now?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The implied meaning is to ask for an update on the current condition of Baho after the typhoon.","questions":"What island was affected by the typhoon?","answer":"Baho"}
{"text":["So I think - I think we're - we have to understand the complexity of it. I think we have to understand that the president has put together a good team on this. And now we're really looking at the next step. But I do think it's important to underscore that in this kind of negotiation, especially at this high level, you get to walk away from the table once. You don't get to walk away from the table twice.","Right. I mean, you used a phrase there, pick up the pieces. It's not just President Trump and North Korea. It's the president's son-in-law trying to almost single handedly bring Middle East peace after the United States took a move like moving the embassy to Jerusalem. You know, some would say that the Trump administration gives away the carrots, like moving the embassy to Jerusalem, without getting concessions and only selectively applies the sticks, like curtailing Palestinian aid. Doesn't that make it harder to negotiate?","Sometimes it can. Sometimes, however, that - what you want to do is try to rearrange the pieces on the table and do so in ways that are surprising or unexpected and can open space for - for talks and negotiations.","Do you think Jared Kushner is the man to do that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There are not pieces on a table but there are happenings in countries that are open for negotiation.","questions":"What is being rearranged on the table for negotiations according to A?","answer":"Happenings"}
{"text":["Well, let me give you an example. I walked up to some lawmakers in the Great Hall of the People. And they confirmed to me unanimously that they were going to vote in favor of scrapping term limits. And one thing you hear from a lot of Chinese when you ask them is that they say, look. President Xi Jinping is doing a great job. He's getting China lots of respect on the world stage. He's cleaning up corruption at home. He ought to be given a chance to do more. And also, I think it helps to remember that in Chinese political culture, it's basically been the rule of man. And so people feel, let's get a good man, and let's not worry about, if we don't get a good man, what rules are we going to rely on to give him the boot?","You mentioned critics. And there are critics. What are they saying about this?","Well, you don't hear a lot of them because their views are often censored on the Internet. But I think it's safe to say that they feel very gloomy and pessimistic about the current situation. They look into the future - say 10, 15 or even more years - and they just don't see a lot hope for civil liberties, transparent and accountable government or robust civil society. And they just feel that this is a real historic step backwards into the bad, old days.","The bad, old days being China's monarchs of thousands of years?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : 1: Chinese people prioritize having a good leader over having a leader who follows rules.","questions":"Which characteristic of Chinese political culture is mentioned in turn 0?","answer":"Rule-of-man"}
{"text":["You can point to the same thing in income, in housing, across the board. And if we're not investing very specifically to deal with that, we can continue to expect to see these inequalities to persist.","You are also arguing for a constitutional amendment that would ban the death penalty.","That's right.","Why is this part of a plan to empower black America?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : why this part is used to empower black america","questions":"How does the death penalty ban relate to empowering black America?","answer":"Ban"}
{"text":["He was all those things. I. . .","Did his brother's death, in a sense, liberate him to seek a new identity, to travel, to get to know and reflect the world?","I think that shook him deep to his soul. But I think the other thing that happened was his father's stroke. He had to get his father off his back. Joe Kennedy Sr.  was a formidable but, I think, menacing figure in his life who took a sweet, young seventh born who he had called a runt and encouraged him to become tough and ruthless - first a jock at Harvard, getting his letter with a broken leg, and then becoming this enforcer for his brother.","That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid. As a kid, he was - he hung around all the time with African-American kids. Those were his playmates, even in Hyannis. He was - he, you know, Father Feeney - when Father Feeney said no salvation outside the Catholic Church, he railed against that, which was so extraordinary in that very Catholic family."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : That's what won, finally, the attention of the old man. And only when he was tough did the old man respect him. And I think when his father became incapacitated, Bobby began to resort to who he was as a kid.  The literal meaning would indicate that the person gained the attention and respect of their father by being tough, and when their father became incapacitated, they reverted to their childhood behavior. However, the implied meaning suggests that the person's father only recognized and valued them when they displayed strength and resilience, and when their father's condition changed, they reverted to their true self, which may have included aspects of vulnerability or a different set of values.","questions":"How did Bobby win his father's attention and respect?","answer":"Attention"}
{"text":["Unidentified Woman #5: Oh, I'm afraid my boyfriend will come back from Iraq and not like the person that he sees, just remember me and all of my quirks through text instead of through reality.","Unidentified Woman #6: I'd rather deny who I was than face my grandma not talking to me anymore.","Unidentified Woman #7: When I'm with the guys, I joke around about checking out other girls with them, but I'm not really joking because I'm gay.","Those secrets were confessed into Martina Castro's microphone. She's a producer based in San Francisco. The \"Post Secret\" exhibit will be on display in Northern California until April 19th. You can see some of those postcards at our blog, npr. org\/daydreaming."],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : She does not want to deal with her grandmother no longer speaking to her.","questions":"What is Unidentified Woman #6's fear?","answer":"Nottalking"}
{"text":["Well, the Hardings sued when they came to light. And the family wanted to put them away for 50 years so that anybody involved in them would be long gone. So they put them in the Library of Congress and four microfilms in the Ohio Historical Society. The archivist though, who made the microfilms, sent several microfilms out to various people for protective custody. And that's one of the ones that I got a hold of in 2004. But they've been under seal and under a court-order - under seal until actually next week is when they finally come out.","Let me get to the spy-story stuff. Was Carrie Fulton Phillips trying to influence President Harding toward Germany?","Yeah. Well, he was then Senator Harding with the obligation to vote for war or not. And she thought we should stay out. She was extremely pro-German. She was hanging out with a very pro-German crowd, some of whom were spies for sure in New York City. And she had lived in Berlin for three years in the lead-up to the war. So she definitely was trying to convince him not to vote for war. And he eventually writes to her that though it's going to be a really tough thing for their relationship, he's going to vote for war. But that's not long before we actually get involved in the war.","But what about the whole idea that somehow she was some kind of conduit for information to Berlin?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  But what about the whole idea that somehow she was some kind of conduit for information to Berlin? This implies that there is a suggestion that she was secretly providing information to Berlin, beyond just influencing President Harding's opinion.","questions":"How was Carrie Fulton Phillips possibly involved with Berlin beyond influencing President Harding's opinion?","answer":"Information"}
{"text":["Well, I mean, if we - if you think about it, what does 150-year mean?Just to give us a sense, most of our buildings that we designed, most of our bridges tend to have a design life which is 50 years to 75 years. And as engineers, what we work with is we work on probability, and we work in recurrence. So the idea is that if you have a longer window than the probability of having a larger earthquake or a larger wind event, becomes - the event itself becomes larger. And you also have to look at the maintenance of the structure and make sure that it satisfies, yeah, the 150-year design life.","What happens in this particular case, obviously, the one driving aspect of it is the seismic loads that we have in the Bay Area, and what it did is it magnified the ground motion that we're designing it for. We wind up designing for a earthquake that has 1,500 year return period, much like the earthquake that we're - we have in - had in 1906 earthquake.","1906. OK.  Let's get a question from the audience here. Yes, sir.","UNIDENTIFIED MAN #2: Yeah. Following up on that comment, how does - what's the process for deciding how strong an earthquake - to design a bridge to expand?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They don't mean an actual window but a time frame for the life of the bridge.","questions":"What is the 150-year design life referring to?","answer":"time"}
{"text":["Yeah.","And I thought it was important to bring that to them.","When you approach prison administrators and ask them to distribute this inside their facility, what has their reaction generally been?Is there resistance?","Well, initially from some there was. I mean, here is this guy. He was formerly incarcerated. He comes out in less than a year, and he wants to bring material back in. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The phrase \"here is this guy\" may imply that the speaker's background as a formerly incarcerated person could be a factor that some administrators may not be comfortable with. The speaker's use of the phrase \"initially from some there was\" implies that there may have been resistance from some prison administrators, but not necessarily all of them.","questions":"What factor could some administrators be uncomfortable with, based on the phrase \"here is this guy\" in turn 3?","answer":"formerly-incarcerated"}
{"text":["The regulations and the oversight that was put in place was relatively minimal because this was going to be such a small endeavor. It was going to be a small-scale experiment for 100 schools. Well, guess what?We have 1,300 charter schools today. And we have a law that doesn't actually account for the scale of that.","That's LA Times reporter Anna Phillips. She's been investigating loopholes in California's charter school system. What she discovered is a fragmented and decentralized regulating system. In Los Angeles, Phillips encountered a case in which a wealthy Beverly Hills couple made millions of dollars by simply turning to a different school district whenever their charter schools came under scrutiny.","These charter schools had been set up as nonprofits that were publicly funded. But if you looked right kind of on the outskirts of them, the couple that had started them had essentially created a series of businesses or nonprofits that were doing business with their own schools. So for instance, this couple rented a lot of their own properties they owned. They were their own landlords.","They owned buildings that then they rented to the schools, so they were getting that income.","Exactly. And there were other ways they were getting income. The woman who ran these schools, her husband was hired on as a project manager for about $500,000 to oversee the construction of a new campus. When they wanted to bring in cafeteria meals for their students, they hired one of their own organizations. So this was public money that was coming into these schools, but the couple that ran them was financially benefiting from it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"loopholes in California's charter school system\" - The literal meaning of \"loopholes\" is gaps or flaws in a system or law that can be exploited. However, the implied meaning is that the charter school system in California has structural weaknesses that allow for abuses and inconsistencies in regulation.","questions":"What did Anna Phillips discover about the regulating system in California's charter schools?","answer":"structural"}
{"text":["So I always tell people, look at your many choices. Don't close any doors. But the fact is that, you know, take your passion, take it as far as you can, but understand you've got to make a living, and you've got to pay the loan back.","What about people like you, who are college presidents?What challenges are you facing in trying to make sure that you can get a broad variety of students from different backgrounds?","Farai, you know, what keeps me up at night is the young women who want to be admitted but don't have the dollars, the young women who are students who are continuing, who are saying, I need more financial aid, the young women whose parents can't take out another loan. That literally keeps me up at night. If you see me again and I'm gray, that's what did it.","I mean literally. I mean, I wake up in the - you know, I wake up in the middle of the night and say, how can I find money for these young people?It is a challenge."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Financial difficulties faced by young women seeking admission are causing immense stress to me.","questions":"What specifically is causing immense stress to the speaker?","answer":"house"}
{"text":["We understand investigators recovered one block - black box from the crash. And I gather there are two. What can that one box tell you?Do you need the second?","The one black box can tell us some good information. It's a quantum-engineering manufacturer recorder. And what we're doing now is that our recorder specialist is already working with the manufacturer to use their conversion software - it's not unusual to do this - to turn all of those zeros and ones into information we can use, such as the distance traveled, the throttle inputs, the brake system performance, as well as the speed.","So so many eyewitnesses say the train just didn't slow down when it came into the station. Has what you learned supported that view so far?","We don't have the information from the black box yet. And this is just one of the two event data recorders, as well as video footage, that we're collecting. They were forward-facing cameras on both the front and the back end of this train."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The literal meaning of (3) is asking if the evidence gathered so far supports the eyewitness accounts of the train not slowing down. The implied meaning is asking if the evidence gathered so far indicates that the train did not slow down.","questions":"How does the evidence gathered so far support the eyewitness accounts of the train?","answer":"Not"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, a big one can come from any number of faults here in Southern California. So if you looked at a map of Southern California and wanted to imagine all the faults, just throw a pile of spaghetti down on it, and all those little strands would be faults all over the place. These - this set of faults is inland from the San Andreas.","And so there was a less-than-1% chance that we would've had an above-7. 0 magnitude earthquake yesterday following the 6. 4 on Thursday, and that happened. As of today, there is a less-than-2% chance that we could see another magnitude 7 today, but we're going to have to see how that shakes out.","The San Andreas is not directly impacted by these faults, as far as we know. But there are a whole lot of faults in that area that might've taken a strain of some of these smaller faults that - when they released all their energy, because that strain doesn't just go away. It has to go somewhere else. And some of the other faults in the area took it on.","And how much do we know at this moment in time, this early in the day, about what the damage is up there?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Pile of spaghetti implies the fault lines on the map","questions":"What food item is used to describe the fault lines on the map of Southern California?","answer":"Crowding"}
{"text":["Well, nearby, we had flooding was the most significant problem we had here. And one our neighbor's patios turned basically into a swimming pool and the water was pouring into her home. And we took the wet-vac up and towels and other neighbors brought mops and we all pitched in to get her at least toward the stages of recovery. Of course, that will continue. And the emergency officials in Oklahoma City reported they had as much as eight, 10, even 12 inches of rain in just, you know, four hours or so last night.","What are the recovery efforts like today, Kurt?","Canadian County, just to the west of Oklahoma City, looks like it was the hardest hit by the actual tornado. Now, the flooding seems to have been worse in the metro Oklahoma City area. The response will depend on what we see. Now, of course, we also still have all those people in, you know, the Shawnee area and Moore, Oklahoma, of course, and in Carney that were hit by storms May 19th and 20th. That recovery is going to be even more of a mess now too because of what happened last night.","Well, the sad fact is Oklahomans know how to do this, don't they?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The patio had a great deal of water on it that it could have been swum in.","questions":"Which neighbor's property turned into a swimming pool?","answer":"Neighbor's."}
{"text":["Yes. The big topic, of course, is what he'll say about the president's unfounded claims that Barack Obama wiretapped his phones. He has also accused British intelligence of wiretapping his phones on behalf of Barack Obama. There's been no evidence produced for those claims. The British have pushed back against them strongly. People on the Hill say they have not seen any evidence of this, and Comey will be asked about that first and foremost.","OK.  And over at the Senate, the first hearings for President Trump's nomination for the Supreme Court - what kind of reception is he going to get?","Well, that's going to be the big event of the week. Neil Gorsuch, who has been nominated by Donald Trump, is going to be asked a lot of questions about his views on executive power, about Donald Trump's comments disparaging judges and the entire court system. This is one of Donald Trump's most important early initiatives. The Republicans have 52 votes in the Senate. They say if they have to change the rules so they won't need 60 to confirm him, they will do that. So it's going to be very, very hard for the Democrats to stop him. But this is just the first of many, many judicial vacancies that Donald Trump will have the opportunity to fill because of the age of judges on the bench right now and the number of vacancies.","And something else we're looking at, obviously, is what's happening on Thursday - a much anticipated vote in the House. They're voting on the repeal-and-replace legislation for Obamacare. Does Speaker Ryan have the votes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : B: \"Does Speaker Ryan have the votes?\" - This question is not asking whether Speaker Ryan possesses physical votes but rather whether he has enough support from fellow lawmakers to pass the legislation.","questions":"How is Speaker Ryan's support for the repeal-and-replace legislation for Obamacare?","answer":"Support"}
{"text":["My pleasure.","Your Honor, take us back to your courtroom in 1999, when you convicted Mr.  Kagan of murder. You're not saying that he didn't shoot Wavell Wint, are you?","No. I'm saying he shot him, I believe, in self-defense.","Well, a lot of eyewitnesses say that, of course, the gun belonged to Donald Kagan and they saw him brandishing that gun."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Implies that the judge believes that the shooting was done out of self-defense, even though others may say differently.","questions":"How did the judge believe Mr. Kagan shot Wavell Wint?","answer":"Self-defense"}
{"text":["Well, the Central Intelligence Agency was and, you know, theoretically they also were under the control of the mission. But that's - again, and that's why the senior agency thing becomes so muddled, were they or were they not, and also that special operations team, I don't think, was a working for the CIA. I think they were, you know, DOD asset that obviously was operating in support of the mission there on the ground. So who was in-charge remains a question. Obviously, the deputy from his testimony didn't think he had the power to do that, nor was the special operations commander on the ground able to take independent action apparently without going back to D. C.","And. . .","So that really raises some questions that we really ought to get to before the next one of these things pops up.","There was also confusion. Ordinarily there would have been military aircraft - Air Force planes on call on behalf of the - to support operations, if the mission called, but they were too far away."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"raises some questions\" means that there are more questions out there that need to be answered.","questions":"What does turn 2 imply about the need for further investigation?","answer":"High"}
{"text":["When you say that this law is intended to create a firewall around the state, do you think that this is where things are headed - where certain states will allow access to abortions and other states simply won't?","That's certainly my fear, and that was why this was so important to get passed before we adjourned. And, you know, ultimately, I've been working on this issue my entire adult life.","And I used to say, if Roe falls. And for the last year, I've been saying, when Roe falls. And it, frankly, still feels like a gut-punch every time I say it. But I think that there has been this very strategic and determined process by the other side to get cases into the pipeline that will ultimately lead to Roe falling.","Do you think that Democrats and people who support abortion rights have been outmaneuvered?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It is not a firewall but a law that protects the state from others.","questions":"Which law is being referred to in turn 0?","answer":"Law"}
{"text":["So even though Wall Street seems to be blowing up or it did yesterday, the hedge funds are doing just fine. And these Masters of the Universe are ensconced happily in their Greenwich, Connecticut mansions?","Well, right now, they are swimming the tightest defensive positions they can. They're like turtles pulling themselves back into their shell just trying to wait this thing out. They could be hurt badly. In fact, today is one of the four times a year that people can take money out of hedge funds. Usually there's a certain fixed percentage that they can take out at any one time. That's for the protection of the fund itself. But still, there could be enough taken out today to seriously hurt a lot of hedge funds.","But the point I want to make is, it hasn't happened yet. These Masters of the Universe are very bright, I mean, they're smart. And they're much smarter than the people they left behind at the investment banks. And investment banks now are - it's a closed chapter in American history. When Goldman Sachs now has to become a bank, who with - not Masters of the Universe, but a lot of young female tellers sitting at windows with packets of red dye to give to the robbers when they come in to take money out of the place.","SOUNDBITE OF LAUGHTER"],"speaker":["B","A","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : ROBBERS ROBBED PEOPLE'S MONEY AND THE PEOPLE ARE CARELESS TO LOSS THEIR S","questions":"Which chapter in American history is now closed according to A?","answer":"Investment-banks"}
{"text":["The FBI does criminal investigations better than anybody. But again, at some point in time, if you've got a stovepipe there, where the two agencies aren't talking to each other, either in Washington or on the ground you've got a real problem. And there's not an excuse for it, 13, well, 12 years now after 9\/11. You know, this is - supposedly should not be rocket science but somehow it becomes that.","And to solve it, is this executive order or is this something Congress has to get involved with?","Well, this is where, you know, the interagency problem gets to be really challenging because, you know, if you look at the Constitution, every head of agency, you know, if the guy on the ground goes all the way up to his head of agency, they only report to the president. So obviously it's got to be something that the executive authority does, and he has got to delegate that authority if he is not willing to sit there and handle every crisis that comes down the pike. He has got to delegate it to somebody on the ground who can say do this thing. I don't care, you know, I don't want you talking to your agency back home. You're working for me, do it. And. . .","Gary Anderson?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : the implied meaning of stovepipe is that there's a lack of communication between the departments.","questions":"What is the problem caused by stovepipe?","answer":"Stovepipe"}
{"text":["This has been just week one of the trial. And as we noted, there's another Manafort trial ahead. And gosh knows what the fallout will be in reporting about the lobbying industry. But do you - is it possible, do you think, that the lobbying industry - is it some kind of break point, as arguably it was, let's say, a decade ago about the Jack Abramoff revelations?","It might be, particularly for foreign interests. I know that there's a lot of concern from the president on down of people everywhere trying to get at America and learn our interests and learn our secrets. And there may be some attempt to have more transparency about public lobbying for foreign interests.","I mean, the suggestion is, they'd just walk out on K Street, hire somebody, and that's how they'd do it.","Right. That's right. And I think people would say, I think we need to have a little bit more oversight. You know, we don't want individuals - American lobbyists - looking for secrets and then selling them to our foreign adversaries. It kind of reminds me in a way of, like, the 1950s. You know, we're all real nervous about what foreigners are doing, so let's pass some laws to make sure that America doesn't help our enemies."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : There is a concern that American lobbyists may sell secrets to foreign adversaries.","questions":"How might the lobbying industry be a potential break point?","answer":"Potential"}
{"text":["He went to his local bar and he didn't sit on the sidelines there. He took center stage and actually played a kind of Balkan fiddle called a gusle. And everyone stood around and clapped and applauded him. And he was sitting under a portrait of Radovan Karodzic, this man who was the hero for most of the people in the bar. And not one of them spotted the resemblance.","He lived across the stairwell in his block of flats from a woman who worked with Interpol. And her - every time she went into work, she logged on to her computer and saw the world's most wanted, including Osama bin Laden and Radovan Karodzic. And the penny never dropped. It was like a long-running performance that only came to an end really when his brother made a vital slip.","He made a phone call, right?What happened?","He made a phone call. And he used a SIM card that he shouldn't have used. It was one that was on the files of the people chasing Karodzic.","To put you on the spot a bit, does a sentence like this that comes 21 years after the Srebrenica massacre serve as a deterrent to alleged war crimes being committed today, let's say in Syria and\/or Iraq?"],"speaker":["A","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The woman's job with Interpol put her in a position to identify Karodzic but she failed to recognize him.","questions":"Which organization did the woman work for?","answer":"Interpol"}
{"text":["Sure. So back in 1986, we were releasing a little over 300,000 cubic feet per second. And I know that's a number that's tough to sort of comprehend. So I think the best way it was explained to me - and this is - I kind of like this analogy - is picture 300,000 basketballs going through the dam every second. And so back then, it was 307,000 basketballs, if you will. And now we're doing 275,000.","So - but you're right. We've had this load on the levees for four or five days now, so it's a much longer exposure. And back in 1986, they did experience a breach of the levee at one particular point that was quickly responded to in - through great teamwork with the Corps and the local levee and first responders. So I wouldn't say that there's any threat or any imminent threat to a breach. You know, we're on the spot 24 hours a day, trying to look for indicators. And when we see them, we're, you know, responding almost immediately.","And to be clear, before I let you go, right now, your assessment is that you're not expecting a breach of the levee or of the dam.","That's absolutely correct. We see - you know, I've got just an amazing group of professional engineers out there every day working with the local community, and we see nothing that would lead us to believe that a breach is imminent, either of the levees or of our own infrastructure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The water flow was really high in 1986, but it's lower now.","questions":"Which year had a water flow of 307,000 basketballs per second?","answer":"1986"}
{"text":["Well, we obviously have our seismologists and the geologists which look at the pattern and the history. And ultimately, we start with looking at all the faults that are in the Bay Area, the proximity. In the Bay Area, we have two very large faults, frankly. One of them is the San Andreas Fault, which produced the 1906 earthquake, which runs a few miles away from the Golden Gate and runs up and down the coast of California, goes all the way down to Southern California. The other one is the Hayward Fault, which is in the Berkeley Hills, and is also a major earthquake.","So those quakes, we basically look at their seismic hazard, if you will, and from that generates the possible or potential seismic hazard. And then we get intensities that, based on the soils that we have, based on the history of ground motions that we recorded, we come up with those intensities at very different frequencies I was talking about earlier.","(Unintelligible)","And then from that, we generate a spectrum that ultimately gets used to generate multiple, different simulated ground motions. That we take our structure and in a computer model, we run that structure and we subject this with those displacements. And the computer model is intended to do the equilibrium, statically, at every instant in time, microsecond. And the target would be that we know what the forces are in our structure and what the displacements are in our structure."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  (3) is not a meaningful statement, so its actual meaning is different from its literal meaning.","questions":"What is the true meaning of (3)?","answer":"not-meaningful"}
{"text":["That's right. The discussions we've had about whether the First Lady should have worn clothing by black designers for her husband's inauguration is still creating a lot of traffic. Aljory Stallings(ph) wrote us this on our Web site, I am completely irritated on this trivial commentary on this issue. I wonder if the black designers who were complaining about this realize that by doing that, they are cutting off their noses to spite their faces.","Flora Gayle(ph) chimed in with this, I think she needs to get some credit for almost always wearing American designers. I am not black, but I do work in fashion. I think before we start judging this, we should look at how many black students are going to fashion school. I wish there were more.","And Dianne Truckenberg(ph) wrote in to say, I am concerned with the concept drawing lines for black versus white, for fill in whatever topic. Insistence on basing decisions on whether or not something or someone is of a certain race will certainly bring back racial tension.","And then last week, we had a discussion about spanking with Judge Lynn Toller. Well, that topic raised a lot of listener hackles. Here are a few letters that summed up the debate. Christopher Watson(ph) sent us this, I sat in my car shocked as I listened to your program talk about spanking. I'm a 33-year-old black male who was spanked as a child and has since worked for several organizations fighting domestic and sexual violence and child abuse. I was slack-jawed as I heard two highly educated adults advocate child abuse."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The black designers complaining about the First Lady wearing clothing by non-black designers are being counterproductive.","questions":"How did Aljory Stallings feel about the commentary on the First Lady's clothing choice?","answer":"Irritated"}
{"text":["He does seem more comfortable making deals with his fellow New Yorker Chuck Schumer than he does Mitch McConnell and Paul Ryan. But Republicans in Congress almost shrugged this off this week. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell said, in his own dry way, we look forward to seeing the president's own legislative proposal. But this also does seem to be the first time in this tentative deal on the DREAMers that Donald Trump did something that could possibly alienate his base.","Well, that's a good point. I mean, what about his base?We have seen some reaction to this. What has it been?","This is splitting his base. Polls show that most Americans are sympathetic to the DREAMers. Majorities favor letting them stay, even large numbers of Republicans, but not the president's hardcore base. And we saw this week on Twitter some Trump supporters burning their Make America Great Again hats. We saw the headlines in Breitbart, the \"alt-right\" website run by his former political adviser, Steve Bannon. The headline said \"Amnesty Don. \"We're now going to find out how much of his base is what I call the Fifth Avenue voters, people who will stick with him no matter what. You know, he famously said, I could stand on Fifth Avenue and shoot someone and not lose any voters.","Right."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Donald Trump's deal on DREAMers is not supported by his base","questions":"How did some Trump supporters react to the tentative deal on DREAMers?","answer":"Burning"}
{"text":["Yes, definitely. Over the past several years, something called the field of behavioral economics has been gaining support. It used to be considered sort of a quirky field. Basically, what behavioral economics is, is it's trying to take sort of methods and insights of psychology and apply them to economics to at least temper this idea of the, sort of, rational economic man. And I think when you see these kind of panics, that only lends credence to this idea.","Well, now there is plenty of situations to study and look at, and maybe this is an exciting time for economists. John Maynard Keynes came out of the Great Depression as a visionary. What do you see as the new hot field of study, based on what's happening now?","Well, I do think trying to explain what happened to lead up to this crisis and trying to figure how to get out of it is only going to drive more people into trying to look at the psychology of economic behavior. I think also just fields like banking regulation, which have not been considered very sexy for a long time, are going to draw a lot more new, young, smart academics.","And what about market bubbles?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : \"Sexy\" here has nothing to do with sex. It just means the field is considered appealing and relevant so that people want to study it.","questions":"Which word describes the appeal of the field of banking regulation?","answer":"Sexy"}
{"text":["Good morning.","Jason, there's still no power on much of the island, which is astounding. It's five weeks now. What is it like?What have you seen to undertake a recovery from a hurricane when you still don't have power?","And part of what is crazy is it's not just Hurricane Maria. Hurricane Irma came through here two weeks before that. So there's some people who've been almost two months without power. But people are making an effort. They're out there. I see people, you know, cleaning up by hand. People are out there with hand tools trying to, you know, cut 2-by-4's to rebuild things when, you know, they don't have power tools. You've got people who are living in high-rises. It's kind of amazing sometimes walking around at night here in San Juan. You got these tall buildings. And you'll just see some candles flickering in the - and that's the only light in this entire high-rise.","I went out last night, actually, to try to catch some of the World Series. And some of the bars are starting to reopen. But everywhere that you go, the only power that people have is running off of generators or running off of some solar power. You really do not see people getting much power from the grid."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Despite the lack of power, the people on the island are doing what they can to recover and rebuild.","questions":"What are the people in San Juan doing despite the lack of power?","answer":"Recover"}
{"text":["OK.","We're in a tent at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival. So if you hear some extraneous sounds that you wouldn't normally hear in Studio 3A, please forgive us. But it gives us the opportunity to do some things that we wouldn't ordinarily do. We want to hear from comedians today. How do you translate your material, which comes from a certain time and place, to a wider or different cultural or even ethnic group?Give us a call: 800-989-8255. Email us: talk@npr. org.","And Trevor Noah, what did you find translated well?Is there a material that you did in Cape Town that you can do in Los Angeles, or Baltimore for that matter?","Not really, no. Because the points of view changes, you know?I think the one - well, I could talk about Oprah. Oprah is worldwide. Yes.","Oprah is worldwide."],"speaker":["B","B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : We're in a tent at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival. So if you hear some extraneous sounds that you wouldn't normally hear in Studio 3A, please forgive us. But it gives us the opportunity to do some things that we wouldn't ordinarily do. We want to hear from comedians today. How do you translate your material, which comes from a certain time and place, to a wider or different cultural or even ethnic group? Give us a call: 800-989-8255. Email us: talk@npr.org. (This turn has a literal meaning of explaining the setting and purpose of the radio show)","questions":"Which event are we attending?","answer":"Folklife"}
{"text":["It's interesting, these papers that you brought with you, or sent to us, about how - these are the tricks that people use, and they can actually test out whether they work or not.","Yeah. These are things that a lot of good cooks probably know, whether they realized they know them or not. But exactly what these things are are a little fuzzy because everybody's a little different. There are some scientists in England and there are other groups, especially in the Netherlands, that have been running tests for years, and they tend to sound kind of bizarre. They'll prepare some food. They'll give it to different people to eat. And later, the people will realize that something else was changing while they were eating it, something in the atmosphere.","Mm-hmm. And they - in one test, they gave people some ice cream that tasted like bacon?","Yeah. This is - Charles Spence is the main scientist. He's at the University of Oxford. He teamed up with one of the famous chefs in England, and they made something which sounds really crazy, bacon and egg ice cream, which I'm told is really pretty good, tastes like bacon and eggs. And they served bacon and egg ice cream to a bunch of people. And they had them do some sort of rating about how bacony does it taste, or how eggy does it taste?And they would play sounds. And whenever they would play the sound of frying bacon, you know, that crackling sound, people would consistently say that the thing tasted a lot more bacony to them. . ."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : When they say things are a little fuzzy they mean things are unclear.","questions":"What is the main scientist's name?","answer":"Charles"}
{"text":["They thought he was a clown. They didn't think he was serious. There's obviously a lot of history because he owned the USFL's New Jersey Generals. But no, I mean, I think between the league looking at his books or wanting to look at his books and people seeing the way Trump has operated over the years, I think many of these people or most of these people wanted no part of doing business with him.","This book, I think it's fair to say, begins with your adoration for Tom Brady. And the. . .","It doesn't begin with it, but yes, it is definitely a part of it. I have to be transparent about my. . .","Oh, yes."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : They thought he was a joke or not a serious person","questions":"What did they think of him?","answer":"Clown."}
{"text":["So tell me - is it something special when these holidays overlap?They are generally close, but not like this year where they're just - one is right on top of the other one.","That's right. They don't always overlap for reasons that have to do with oddities in astronomical calculations than anything else because they actually share a common history. And I think that it is special when they overlap because Christians are certainly able to see more readily how the roots of their Easter celebrations are intimately connected with the celebration of Passover. And perhaps Jews also see the sense of affinity that they have with their Christian neighbors and perhaps find other ways in which their own celebrations are illuminated.","You know, one of the things that is said every year at the Seder that I go to is that the last supper was a seder.","That's absolutely right. We can't be sure that it was a seder quite like those that are more familiar from recent times because, in fact, strange as it may seem, the stories of the Last Supper are among the oldest evidence we have for anybody celebrating a seder. And yet they don't include some of those lovely details that are familiar to so many - the series of cups of wine or all the special foods or the questions that are asked. But it's absolutely true that the bulk of the earliest Christian material identifies the Last Supper as a meal celebrated at Passover by Jesus with His disciples, even though they're a bit short on the ritual detail."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The implied meaning behind this turn is that Christians and Jews can find commonality in their respective holiday celebrations, thus creating a sense of connection. ","questions":"How does the overlap of the holidays create a sense of connection between Christians and Jews?","answer":"Connection"}
{"text":["A Russian activist has shared a secret video clip that shows two of the Pussy Riot members who were arrested being interrogated. A furious policeman shouts, sometimes I regret that it's not 1937 - the time called the Great Terror in Russia under Josef Stalin, in which a million or more people were executed.","Pussy Riot knows the score. They live and strive in a country where activists, dissidents, artists and reporters can suffer for their bravery, and they went ahead with their action anyway, just below Vladimir Putin's cold smile. Pussy Riot are champions.","(Singing) Big smile for the camera. It's always on. It's all in the protocol. They tapped my phone. Golden idols holding rivals. Take my body, anybody. I'm your trophy. Make my nose bleed. Now you own me. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could die. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could cry. Oh, my God, I'm so happy, I could cry. Everybody's doing the same thing, and it makes me happy, yeah. It makes me happy, yeah. Oh, my God.","Pussy Riot."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The policeman wishes he could execute Pussy Riot members.","questions":"What does the furious policeman regret?","answer":"Execute"}
{"text":["He's had some injuries for most of the last two or three years. He's had a bad shoulder, he has to wrap his elbow a lot, but no injury has caused him to miss a game since September 2001, since he took over the Patriots' quarterback job.","So, is there any suspicion that the injury he sustained yesterday was a result of an unfair hit?","I think some people in the Patriots thought it was, but you know, most of the people I talked to, including a future Hall of Fame safety, John Lynch, who used to play for the Patriots and is a very good friend of Tom Brady's, said there's no way it was a dirty hit. Things happen too quickly on the football field for some guy to say, I'm going to, in a calculating way, aim for Tom Brady's knee and try to put him out for the year. First of all, I think that's vastly overrated. That might have happened in 1968, but it doesn't happen in 2008, because there's too much respect among players to try to intentionally hurt another guy.","So, who is possibly going to fill these gigantic shoes?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Football players today have too much respect for each other to intentionally hurt another player, despite injuries occurring on the field.","questions":"Which safety used to play for the Patriots and is a friend of Tom Brady's?","answer":"John-Lynch"}
{"text":["Hobbes wrote about the challenges his generation faces in a December article for Highline, which is put out by the Huffington Post. Its headline, \"Millennials Are Screwed,\" caught our attention this week. And we asked Hobbes to explain his pessimistic prediction.","Healthcare, housing and education are more than five times more expensive than they were for our parents. There are fewer steady jobs. Wages have stagnated since the 1970s. I mean, I can go on and on and on. And so its weird that we're constantly talking about how millennials should do this differently, and millennials should do that differently. But we dont talk that much about - hey, the country around us can do some things differently, too.","So you obviously believe that the baby boomers messed up your life?How did they do that?","Well, I've gotten a lot of emails since the article came out from boomers that are saying, we've fallen off the ladder, too. And if you're 55 years old, there's a lot of discrimination for getting back into the workforce. But what we're seeing is that those impacts are concentrated on the young. So I think there's really three paradigm shifts. The first one is work has become much lower quality, basically - that there's fewer decent jobs now. Many of the jobs that are available are contingent work or sort of have been farmed out to contractors. Many fewer jobs provide things like pension, benefits or health care these days."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"caught our attention\" means that something drew our interest, not that it physically grabbed us.","questions":"What is the meaning of \"caught our attention\" in turn 0?","answer":"Interest"}
{"text":["No, there are hidden costs, of course. It's - basically what economists say is what you need to do is internalize the negative externalities, reveal those hidden costs. Make it so that at the meter, at the pump, we see the true cost.","Wouldn't the established energy companies go nuts?","It depends on who they are, of course. If it's a natural gas company or a company that has significant natural gas assets, they'd be excited about this if they thought it was going to be - really going to happen. That's our challenge at republicen. org, is convincing particularly some natural gas folks that really, this could happen, that the fossil fuels could become accountable. And, of course, when that happens, coal would fall much faster to the competitive pressure of natural gas. And the natural gas companies would make a lot more money off of their product. Is it the end-all?No, it isn't. Natural gas still has CO2 emissions. But it's 50 percent less emissions than coal. So that's an example of how fixing the economics would then fix the environmental consequence.","Mr.  Inglis, as you survey this field of Republican candidates for president, do you see and hear any who express your viewpoint on the climate change?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2): Implied meaning: Would the energy companies be opposed to this idea?","questions":"How would natural gas companies react to this idea?","answer":"Excited"}
{"text":["And yet despite all this, is Sisi still a popular figure?","Yeah, he is a popular figure. The military is seen as the most trusted institution in Egypt. He comes from that institution. He was elected in an election that maybe wasn't really fair, but it wasn't rigged in a wide scale manner. He was voted in with more than 95 percent of the votes here. But it's an election that took place in an atmosphere of fear, where you're basically with us or against us. And if you're against us, the idea of against us lands you in jail.","What are the challenges that he faces?","The biggest challenge he' got is the economy - the foundering economy. Egypt is in debt and needs to dig itself out of that hole. And there are constant power cuts going on right now in the soaring summer heat. And the way he's doing that is lifting the subsidies, which take a huge part of the budget. But that will also possibly lead to protests against him, possibly, because that means people are going to be paying higher gas prices, which have already been lifted, and higher food prices."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  The implied meaning of this turn is that Sisi is popular only because he is part of the military and he was elected in a possibly unfair election, with many people voting out of fear.","questions":"How was Sisi elected?","answer":"Election"}
{"text":["And now it's letter time. Our editor Sasa Woodruff is here with me. Hey, Sasa.","Hey, Farai. How's it going?","I am doing great. So what are folks saying this week?","Well as you can imagine, we got some letters about our economy coverage. On a Bloggers' Roundtable last week, we discussed reports that some were blaming the mortgage crises on African-Americans and other minorities."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Some readers expressed concerns about the coverage of the economy","questions":"How did some readers respond to the coverage of the economy?","answer":"concerns"}
{"text":["And just before he died, he recorded what would be his biggest song.","Then comes April of 1968 in Memphis. The sanitation workers are on strike. That brought Martin Luther King, Jr.  to town to speak and to show support, and that was when he was murdered at the Lorraine Motel. It hit people at Stax especially hard.","Yes, because the Lorraine, they had a swimming pool and they had a restaurant that would serve an integrated table, and all the Stax visiting artists would stay at the Lorraine. That was their hangout. So, this horrible event at their second home not far from their own building, it was devastating, just absolutely devastating. Isaac Hayes told me he couldn't write for a year.","I want to talk about a song recorded by the Staple Singers that spoke to the issue of black empowerment.","You consider it one of the most important songs the label ever produced - \"Respect Yourself. \"","It's a great, catchy pop song with a really deep message - Mavis Staples singing lead and Pops' guitar sound. It sounds like an organ."],"speaker":["B","B","A","B","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) - \"It was devastating, just absolutely devastating.\" suggests that the event caused immense emotional distress, rather than physical destruction.","questions":"What was the impact of the event on the Stax artists?","answer":"Impact"}
{"text":["Yes. Not a lot of people, but if you go into the databases where all these academic reports are kept and where they reference each other, you find that a lot of these reports, other people did cite him. And sometimes I've gone in and looked at those later reports by other people that mention Trinkaus' reports. And it seems to me that many times they didn't really read his report. They just - they saw he did a report that's about something related to what they're doing and they mentioned him. There are a surprising number of studies in academia that are like that, that mentioned earlier reports by other people and it's not clear whether they actually read those reports.","In hearing about him, I feel like there are shades of the 19th century naturalists who just went around tallying the things they saw around - around them. Do you think he was inspired by that at all or thinks of himself that way?","I don't know whether he was inspired by them, but that has always struck me as being the type of person he is. He looks around. He gets annoyed at what somebody's doing or lots of people, and it makes him curious. He doesn't just sit there and fume and have steam come out his ears or nose or whatever. He sits there and he counts and he documents it, and then he publishes that someplace where other people can read about it.","But he doesn't, at the same time, make any arguments about it. He just sticks to the facts, huh?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Many academic reports are cited without actually being read.","questions":"How are some earlier reports cited in academia?","answer":"Cited"}
{"text":["Oh anywhere in the blood stream would be fine. The only question would be is it better if it's just floating, as you say, or would it be better to put in a very tiny micro drug-coated stent and keep it somewhere, you know, like in the wrist or someplace that's accessible. So that is another - which one of those paths is better is still not clear.","Are there any dangers associated, that we know of, of putting a sensor like that in our body?","Well, multiple centers are doing it, and there's already, you know, models being done in animal studies, and there doesn't appear to be any danger, and it goes even beyond heart attack. You could pick up antibodies before diabetes is struck in auto-immune diabetes or cancer cells. So there's a lot of things that it has potential for if we can get these nano chips to last a long time, powered by the blood, the movement of the blood, so there's no other power need, which is also a big advance.","For people with heart disease, do you have a sense of how much is sort of genetics, the stuff you're born with, and how much are environmental effects?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : B is expressing concern about the safety implications of putting a sensor in the body, and is seeking more information on the subject from A","questions":"Which path does PersonA suggest for keeping the sensor in the body?","answer":"Floating"}
{"text":["We're talking with Joan Vennochi, the columnist for the Boston Globe, about a piece she wrote on the opinion page there today. It's called \"Did the police let their guard down?\"You can find a link to it at our website. Go to npr. org. Click on TALK OF THE NATION. And this is TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News.","And as you said earlier, it is impossible to secure the 26. 2 miles of the event, the huge crowds, like, 28,000 runners that gather to start the race, the crowds at the finished line, everything along the route. But Boston is not alone. Every city in town across the country has a big event. Do you think after Boston, police everywhere are going to have to look into their security?","Well, that seemed to be the feeling of people who know more about terrorism and security issues than I do, that again priority shift with time, there is a complacency that comes over certainly smaller towns and cities. I think New York City and L. A. , you know, places like that probably think about more than we thought about it here. It just seemed like something that could never happen. And until it does, you just think of it as something fairly remote, even though Boston certainly had a very direct connection to 9\/11 since the planes left from here.","But, yeah, I mean, I think it makes - it's going to make the experts, again, think about the tradeoffs. Again, you can' protect against everything. But is there a way you want to rejigger what happens at the finish line?"],"speaker":["B","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : She wrote an article asking if the police were not doing their jobs as well as they should have.","questions":"Which newspaper published the article?","answer":"Boston"}
{"text":["So right now, there are multiple congressional committees investigating this issue. We've got them on the House side. We've got a couple on the Senate side. I guess I want to know why is there a need for multiple investigations, and how do these congressional investigations differ at their core from what Special Counsel Robert Mueller is conducting?","Well, Senate Intelligence looks at intelligence matters primarily. Senate Judiciary looks at matters that fall under the broad scope of the Judiciary Committee. All these congressional investigations differ very much in function from what the Special Counsel Mueller does. Mueller works in secret and long, long deep studies of things like finances. And he doesn't bring his results public. If he finds something that's really important, he won't let you know until it's time to indict somebody. Whereas, the congressional committees when classification allows them to be in the open, they live for open hearings. They want people to know what they found.","And what about compelling witnesses to testify?The subpoena, is that a last resort thing or is it just a negotiating device?","Oh, the subpoena is the basic working tool of these investigations. It can be a single piece of paper that demands that the witness show up on pain of contempt. Or it can also be a subpoena of the kind that seeks documents, including digital material like emails. By bringing in a witness, they cut through a lot of the stalling. And by demanding the documents, they have the materials to pin the witness down in the questioning."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The subpoena is a powerful tool of influence and negotiation, not just a last resort.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the subpoena?","answer":"Influence"}
{"text":["They were part of the crew of the USS Monitor, a celebrated Civil War ship that helped open a new era in naval warfare. The ship was ironclad, powered by steam instead of sails, and supported a rotating gun turret. The Monitor sank in a storm in 1862. Sixteen of 62 men on board went down with their ship. They were thought to be lost forever until 2002. The Monitor was being restored and the remains of two of the sailors were discovered in the turret. We're joined now by historian Anna Holloway. She's curator of the USS Monitor Center in Newport, Virginia. Thank very much for being with us.","Well, thank you so much for having me.","What do we know about these two sailors who have finally been buried?","Well, we still don't know their names, and that is one of the ongoing mysteries about these two heroes of the USS Monitor. However, as you mention, 16 men went down with the vessel, so there are 16 possibilities. Now, forensics tells us a little bit about them - their relative heights, their ages and their race - so that does narrow it down a bit."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : There are no turns in the given conversation that have a meaning different from their literal meanings. All the turns convey their literal meanings without any implied or figurative language.","questions":"Which turn in the conversation undermines the possibility of any implied or figurative language being used?","answer":"None"}
{"text":["Now let's turn to West Africa. For more than a decade, Liberia has been struggling to recover from civil war. It has a female head of state now, and it also has big supporters in the U. S.  One of them is Bob Johnson, who founded and later sold Black Entertainment Television. Now he's building a four-star beachfront resort near Liberia's capital, Monrovia. Bob Johnson recently told me why he decided to invest millions of dollars in Liberia's economy.","It's part of a commitment I made to President Johnson Sirleaf and the people of Liberia, to help Liberia recover from some 13, 14 years of civil war. And it came about as a result of my participation, as well as President Sirleaf's participation in President Clinton's global initiative that he hosts every year in New York. And the charter is, do something, small or large, but do something. And so my something is to help Liberia.","What are we talking about in terms of the kind of money it takes to make this happen?","We are putting in approximately 12 to 13 million dollars in the construction of this hotel and the opening of the hotel, which is scheduled for March of '09. It'll be an 86-room hotel, as I said, situated on the beach, great facility for everybody from government officials and expats who want to go back and visit Liberia, as well as business people who are looking to do business in post-conflict Liberia.","So, do you expect to get a tourist crowd eventually?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Bob Johnson is fulfilling his commitment to Liberia by investing in its economy","questions":"Which country is Bob Johnson investing millions of dollars in?","answer":"Liberia"}
{"text":["Pretty soon the island will be a donut.","In other words, there'll be land surrounded by a hole filled with water.","Oh (laughter). Is it hard for you to go back to Martha's Vineyard as a visitor?","We went back a year ago, June, for a wedding of a young woman who'd been one of the children who had kind of grown up at our house. And going to that wedding really helped me feel a lot of peace about the island and about no longer having the same purchase on it because I realized that my psychological purchase is as real - maybe not as real as owning a piece of property, but it has a great deal of reality for me. Basically, I think that when the house was being sold, I was just so - I found that summer of 2014, I was in a state of what I call extreme mixed feelings. I felt very sad about losing the house."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : 3: Is it hard for you to go back to Martha's Vineyard as a visitor? - This implies that the person is no longer a resident of Martha's Vineyard, and is now visiting as a tourist or guest.","questions":"How did going to the wedding help PersonA feel about the island?","answer":"Peace"}
{"text":["Yeah.",". . . To (unintelligible).","Correct.","So what has changed since then?What has happened now?What's causing these federal charges to be brought now?","I think, you know, a big part of this is, one, the #MeToo movement, but two, a bigger part of this is the Miami Herald's three-part series late last year that sort of got everybody interested in this, including the Daily Beast - and we've been working on this now for a year - that highlighted, one, the non-prosecution agreement, why these girls weren't given their day in court - essentially made the U. S.  Justice Department look bad."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The #MeToo movement, as well as the Miami Herald's series, have caused the U.S. Justice Department to re-examine their handling of the case and brought about the federal charges.","questions":"How did the U.S. Justice Department come to bring federal charges?","answer":"Re-examination"}
{"text":["Hi, how are you doing?","How do you do that?","Well, you know, it turns out there are lots of little corners in all the information we see. I mean, we're used to the idea that somehow everything we type in the computer is very exact. You don't type in the right password, the computer gets upset. If you don't type in the right URL, it gets upset.","But it turns out that there's lots of little wiggle room that we don't even realize is there, and that's what steganography uses. We kind of go in, and we exploit things. You can make a color just a little bit more blue, or you can make it a little bit more red. And then if you do that enough times, you can send a signal, and then the computer can piece it all together into a complex message."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : they are trying to imply that when typing wrong password the computer won't work","questions":"How does steganography exploit the little wiggle room in information?","answer":"Exploit"}
{"text":["And now to Haiti, where things are settling down after three days of rioting in the capital, Port-au-Prince. A huge rise in food prices drove thousands of protesters and looters to riot earlier this week. U. N.  troops moved in to protect parts of the capital. Meanwhile, President Rene Preval has begged for calm. Haiti is considered to be the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, and the unrest over a crippled economy may not be easy to squelch. Mara Schiavocampo is in Port-au-Prince right now. She is a digital correspondent for NBC Nightly News with Brian Williams. Mara, welcome to the show.","Thank you for having me, Tony.","You've been in the streets reporting on the story. What have you seen in terms of tension and unrest there?","Today, things are good. Public transportation is running. People are out doing their business, shopping. We went out, no roadblocks, no trouble at all. I can't say the same for the last few days. Yesterday was manageable. There were a few roadblocks, car fires, things like that, but it felt like the fire was dying down, so to speak. The last few days before that, things were very tense. Just coming in from the airport, we hit about a dozen roadblocks, burning tires, dumpsters, trash, with mobs of people that would come around the car."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The situation in Port-au-Prince has improved, but it was very tense and dangerous before.","questions":"What was the state of public transportation in Port-au-Prince today?","answer":"Running"}
{"text":["OK, it's getting there. It's close.","Look - peaks are holding. Peaks are holding. OK. So let's scoop this out. We're going to make two. OK, what I'm doing here is I'm making a divot because that's where our egg yolk's going to go, but first we want to bake this for three minutes.","And we're going to put the salt on now?","Yeah, we can do it now. Sprinkle it to taste. And you know what?Let's do some cheese too because cheese is good."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Preparing divots for egg yolks and baking for three minutes.","questions":"Which step requires baking for three minutes?","answer":"minutes"}
{"text":["You and your fellow Democrat Peter Welch gave the president a proposal that would allow the government to use the leverage of Medicare to try to negotiate lower prices with drug manufacturers. Let me ask you a question from the Democratic primary. If that was such a great idea, why didn't the Democrats do it themselves when they controlled Congress in 2010 and passed the Affordable Care Act?","That's a great question. What happened back then is I think President Obama was trying to get the deal through. And as you know, we got very little, if any, cooperation from the Republicans. And I think that this was. . .","Well - but you had the votes in your own party to make this a part of the legislation.","Yeah, but, Scott, you know that that doesn't always work that way. It's not that simple because we had a lot of blue dogs. We had people who - Democrats who really didn't even want to go along with the Affordable Care Act. And so there was a lot of compromise there. And part of the compromise was to work through a deal where the prices of Medicare Part B - that is the prescription - drug prices would not be negotiated. I was against that because I thought that we were - I thought that we were bulk purchasing. And as most bulk purchases do, you're usually able to get a discount. But that was a part of the deal to get through the Affordable Care Act, and that's one of the reasons why I think you had a lot of Democrats who were concerned about the act even back then."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : turn is to challenge the idea that the proposal was a great idea in the first place.","questions":"Which turn in the dialogue contradicts the possibility that the Medicare Part PersonB prices could have been negotiated?","answer":"3"}
{"text":["Erik Nourrie was in Brazil a while back when he got too close to a wild monkey.","I guess he got a little agitated. I was too close, and he socked me.","There was another monkey attack in an enclosure in Honduras. His wife snapped some photos of that one. Maybe its karma, maybe it's a spiritual test of resilience. But Erik Nourrie says he travels a lot to fun, dangerous spots. So all this happening to one guy makes him the world's unluckiest man. But the fact he survived it all makes him one lucky son of a gun.","You know, I believe God's in control. When it's my time, it's my time. And apparently, the other day, it wasn't my time yet."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : A \"son of a gun\" can be an insult or a term of endearment, the latter in this case. It has nothing to do with guns.","questions":"Which term is used as both an insult and a term of endearment?","answer":"Son"}
{"text":["Well, the children have Medicaid, just due to our lower income. We are available to some of the state aid, which is very welcome. Fortunately, we haven't had to use it too much. We do have a couple of kids with some special needs that are addressed, but the other three haven't had much need for it.","Even in difficult times you need a little break. You need to get away and do something to remind yourself that life is fun sometimes, too. What you do if you have any extra money and you can go somewhere?","We did get away for a family vacation this summer, went down to North Carolina. We do the bargain movie theaters. We do - the kids are very busy at school and we try to keep them going on all these field trips and what not.","Ohio, where you are, this was a famous battleground state in the election, and you know, we've had all these undecided voters. And we are asking people these questions that feel intrusive, even to us as we ask them, but can you tell me how you voted?","Well, I was undecided, I guess, or uncommitted up until Monday evening, and to be honest with you, I couldn't bring myself to vote for either one of the two major parties. I just felt that neither one of them represented the change that we actually needed in this country. So - and I will just leave it at that.","All right. Jon Diebold in Cincinnati, Ohio. What's your restaurant?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Having Medicaid is helpful, but we still struggle financially.","questions":"Which aid program do they receive due to their lower income?","answer":"Medicaid"}
{"text":["Well, I don't (laughter) know if it's going to be forever unique in that way. We have this evidence now of President Trump making calls along these lines. And you get a lot of - I got a lot of criticism. Sometimes for being too soft, sometimes for being too harsh. I'm banned from Russia by Vladimir Putin because we successfully prosecuted an international arms dealer named Viktor Bout. I was personally attacked by President Erdogan of Turkey because we prosecuted somebody that, you know, he had connections to in an indirect way.","I'm glad you mentioned Turkey's president. What happened in a different country, in a different system, when there was a prosecution of someone named Reza Zarrab, and it became a matter of political interest?","So Reza Zarrab was a gold trader, Iranian but also from Turkey, who was being prosecuted along with other folks in Turkey for various, you know, elements of misconduct. And those cases were made to go away because he was politically connected to two people who were close to Erdogan.","What did President Erdogan of Turkey do to make that case go away?","Well, he exercised his power in a country that doesn't have the same constitutional protections that America has. He relieved judges of their duty. He removed prosecutors from office. He shut down media outlets. And the case went away. Literally, the case was made to go away. Now, that is not something we've seen in this country and hopefully we'll never see in this country. And it's harder to accomplish in this country."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : President Trump did not make calls along lines but made calls that are similar to what is said.","questions":"What evidence did PersonA mention about President Trump's calls?","answer":"Evidence"}
{"text":["Hey, Lulu.","So, Gene, let's start by looking at the money involved in big-time college sports. You looked specifically at the Power Five.","Yup, the Power Five conferences - the SEC, the Big Ten, the Big 12, the Pac-12, and the ACC. They win all the trophies, and they make all the money. According to ESPN, in 2015, they made $6 billion.","Six billion?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The Power Five conferences dominate college sports and generate significant revenue.","questions":"How much revenue do the Power Five conferences generate?","answer":"Significant"}
{"text":["There are some states out there, for example Oregon and Maine, which currently don't have sales taxes throughout the year. Is there anything that you can potentially learn from states that have been doing this for a while?","What we are looking at are states that have had sales - state sales tax holidays. As you may know, there are 17 states plus the District of Columbia that currently have sales tax holidays during the year. And the experience of our retail members with those holidays is that they're very attractive to people. They really do bring people into the stores. It's an exciting time.","You can say, well gee, if the average state sales tax is five, six percent, why would that drive consumers to come into the stores more than a sale advertised at 15 or 20 percent. And it's an interesting psychological phenomenon, but it does seem to drive more traffic. It may be because people just don't like to pay taxes, and they're very excited when there's a period where they won't have to pay taxes to the government.","Rachelle Bernstein is with the National Retail Federation. Thank you, Rachelle."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : It is being implied that consumer behaviour is not obvious.","questions":"How does the experience of retail members with sales tax holidays contradict consumer behavior?","answer":"Contradicts"}
{"text":["Thanks for allowing me to be on your show.","You didn't have kind words for Donald Trump in that interview, but why did you think Democrats who want to impeach him are misguided?","I've sat through impeachment. I understand that it's not a walk in the park. It takes a supermajority to impeach a president, and it's just not going to happen. And I think that we would be better off focusing on health care, the huge, huge amounts of money in politics that is ruining the body politic, climate change, which is sweeping the world.","So what I think you're saying is you need to - the Democrats have to have another message that isn't solely about removing the president."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Democrats should focus on other important issues like healthcare, money in politics, and climate change rather than impeaching Trump.","questions":"What were the important issues that the Democrats should focus on instead of impeaching Trump?","answer":"Healthcare,Money,Climate"}
{"text":["We were with addicts on the street as they were having encounters with law enforcement. We were in treatment centers with people trying to kick the addiction. There's this one phenomenal picture of five inmates. They're all pregnant and being let in to get their methadone and things like that. We were in in drug courts, where people were being dealt with by the criminal justice system.","I think one of the reasons that it's gotten so much attention is because of the spareness with which we report it. We just report anecdote after anecdote after anecdote after anecdote over seven days. And anybody who reads it cannot come away without understanding how deep and how pernicious and how totally involving of our society this epidemic is.","Are there things that happen in Cincinnati every day that people walk past that you wanted to use this opportunity to share with?","Well, yes, I mean, in the sense that we wanted people to understand that this is going on all around them. Heroin is not a demographic or racial or any socioeconomic status - however you want to put it - drug. Its terrible reach is universal."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The criminal justice system is heavily involved in the opioid epidemic.","questions":"What institution is significantly impacted by the opioid epidemic?","answer":"criminal"}
{"text":["The former late head of Fox News.","That's right. And so he was pretty enamored of Herman Cain's life story - that he was this, you know, pizza magnate and that he had this 9-9-9 plan. And he was very kind of compelling character.","So not necessarily the current president?","Well, no. But, I mean, I can't say that, you know, Donald Trump doesn't invade the psyche a little bit. I was around Donald Trump quite a bit during those years. And I did interview him quite a bit. So he also permeated some of my thought process. But that wasn't who I was channeling."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : \"Pizza magnate\" in (2) is a metaphorical phrase. While Herman Cain did own a pizza chain, the use of \"magnate\" elevates his status to that of a successful and influential businessperson. The literal meaning of the turn is that he was the owner of a pizza chain, but the actual meaning is that he was a successful and influential businessperson in the pizza industry.","questions":"Which word in the statement elevates Herman Cain's status to that of a successful and influential businessperson?","answer":"Magnate"}
{"text":["It's the most remarkable story of evil coming out of Russia that I've seen in a long time. And what it shows is that they're not just messing with the election in the United States or doping in the Olympics. But they've got their tentacles into just about everything everywhere. This is one story that shows that.","I have to ask you, Mr.  Browder, there are plenty of people - and we hear from them - who are skeptical about Russia being seen at the center of so many allegations. And they say the U. S.  and the West are just crawling back into a destructive Cold War mentality. How do you answer that?","Well, I mean, Russia was responsible for shooting down MH17. Russia was responsible for invading Ukraine. Russia is responsible for taking away the chemical weapons in Syria that they didn't take away. Russia was responsible for having honest athletes in the Olympics when they did the whole doping program. I mean, Russia is the one who is making the trouble. Russia is really a sort of a nonentity when it comes to - the economy is the size of the state of New York. Their military budget is 5 percent of the U. S.  military budget. We shouldn't even be thinking about Russia other than the fact that they're sort of putting their nose into every bit of terrible activity all over the world.","Quick question - but it's important to get along, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are skeptics who believe that Russia is not at the center of allegations and the U.S. and the West are overreacting with a Cold War mentality.","questions":"What do skeptics believe about Russia's involvement in allegations and the Western response?","answer":"Overreacting"}
{"text":["O. J. Simpson denied bail and a judge sentencing him to 15 years in prison for his armed robbery, kidnapping, and assault convictions. Is it just our imagination or are we seeing more black faces in the fashion magazines these days?Could we call it the Michelle Obama effect?And the Grammy nominations went primetime this year. Could the star-studded event lure viewers back to watch the awards?Here to get us up to speed on all of that and more is Allison Samuels, a national correspondent for Newsweek magazine. Allison, always a pleasure.","Thank you.","So, O. J. , O. J. , O. J. - 15 years. What do you say?","I say that I think this is a moment for history, because so many people felt that he got off the last time that I think a lot of people feel like this is just sort of the circle, you know, just sort of a coming back around.","You know- well. It's hard to come up with the right words isn't it.","Yeah, it is. And to see him earlier this morning crying, you know, pleading, sort of apologizing for everything that happened, it just really did take you back to, you know, 10 or 15 years ago or 13 years, I think, when he was actually acquitted. And you know, he seemed certainly sorrowful, but I just think, you know, America has just been listening and living with this guy for so long that they're sort of tired of him. I don't think he has that same type of sympathy that he got the last time, particularly from the African-American community."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : \"Living with this guy\" is not literal. The meaning is that he has been in the news - as an athlete, then a defendant - for a really long time.","questions":"What is the metaphorical meaning of \"living with this guy\" in turn 5?","answer":"LIKE"}
{"text":["In - yes, all of those things. There were royal guards lining a red carpet that extended from Air Force One all the way to the terminal, children with flowers, trumpets, jets flying over with red-white-and-blue smoke trails decorating the sky. And then that was actually only the first arrival ceremony. There was a second arrival ceremony at the royal court, where a band played \"The Star-Spangled Banner. \"There were bagpipes. The president was awarded a medal, one of the top honors in the country for for people who are not from Saudi Arabia. Now, President Obama. . .","I've seen that on the television images. It looks like the kind of thing a sommelier wears in a classy restaurant.","(Laughter) I don't think I go to those kind of restaurants, Scott.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : The literal meaning of (3) and (4) is that A and B are laughing, but their actual meaning is that A and B are joking with each other.","questions":"How would you describe the actual meaning of turn 3 and 4 in one word?","answer":"Joking"}
{"text":["Yeah, well, when I was a young, little Muppet baby version of myself, you know, I mean - I guess people were right in that I was kind of a punk kid. I was anti-everything. I was anti-capitalist, first of all. I just don't have a lot of respect for profit motive. So as an artist, you know, I had a hard time. You know, when I was living hand to mouth, you know, my first manager - as a teenager, you know - tell people you have tapes for sale. Like, no, no.","(Laughter) You didn't even want to do that.","I just feel like a jerk. I didn't want to. I couldn't do it. I couldn't do it.","What I loved about the book was that I didn't come away with an impression that you suffered from self-doubt. You kind of always knew that it just didn't matter how hard it was, you were just - this was your thing."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"it just didn't matter how hard it was, you were just - this was your thing\" - This is a figurative expression meaning that the speaker was committed to their artistic pursuits despite the challenges they faced.","questions":"What was the speaker committed to?","answer":"Artistic-pursuits"}
{"text":["Exactly.","At the same time, she's this very sassy character. And, you know, so many of the characters here are very, you know, just sexy, kind of contemporary figures. And there's a joie-de-vivre about this, and even though she touches on a lot of heavy themes, including race and patriotism, there's a certain sass to this. Is that what attracted you to her work?","Well, I was astounded at her work. I was actually looking for something else in her cartoon that is in the late '40s. Most of her cartooning was done in the late '40s and early '50s. This one year of '37 was kind of a little different thing.","I was looking for evidence of a doll. I knew that she created a doll, and I thought I could find some evidence of that in her cartoons. And then yeah, I found the doll, but then I went on to see all of the different topics that she took on, and that got fascinating."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 :  B's turn contains figurative language, as \"sassy\" and \"sexy\" are not meant to be taken literally. They are used to describe the personality and appearance of the characters in the cartoon.","questions":"What is the tone of the characters in the cartoon?","answer":"Personality"}
{"text":["They also break up the states into more subregions than the current exit polls do. They think that this is going to help them be more accurate. And Fox and AP are pretty confident that their results are better than the traditional exit polls in some ways. They actually did shadow polls with the new system in three big specials this year - special elections in the 6th Congressional District in Georgia, the New Jersey governor's race and the Alabama Senate race. And guess what - they got the winner right in all three.","That sounds promising. But are there pitfalls to this way of doing things?I mean, are people asking questions about whether or not they are going to be able to keep their winning streak?","Yes (laughter). And there's a big degree of risk when you're not actually speaking to voters. They're not actually speaking to people who have gone and voted. There's always a number of people who say they're going to vote who don't. And this is an experiment. AP and Fox - even though they're putting this - they're operationalizing this, they acknowledge that there are some demographic shortcomings. They found this in their tests in their poll. They underestimated in Alabama, for example, the number of black voters who would show up. But like scientists, they acknowledge those shortcomings. And they're going to be tinkering with their models along the way. So we may have something good eventually, but it's a whole new Wild West era here.","What has been the reaction to this from the pollsters at this conference that you're at?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : There are dangers that cause problems by doing these polls.","questions":"What risks are associated with conducting these polls?","answer":"Problems"}
{"text":["Now we'd like to meet one of the country's newly minted geniuses. We're talking, of course, about the latest recipients of a MacArthur Fellowship. People often call them Genius Grants. The fellowship awards $625,000 over five years to people working in any field who show extraordinary originality in their creative pursuits, no strings attached. One of the prizes went to attorney sujatha baliga. She spent much of her professional life studying and advocating for the use of restorative justice. That's a way of approaching a crime or an incident of wrongdoing with a goal of finding a resolution that centers healing for everyone involved, including the person who committed the crime or offense. And sujatha baliga is with us now from San Francisco. Welcome. Thank you so much for joining us. Congratulations.","Thank you so much. Such a joy to be on your show today.","I do want a mention that the MacArthur Foundation, who awards the Genius Grant, is among NPR's financial supporters. With that being said, you know I'm going to ask you what it was like to get that phone call. Where were you?What were you doing?","So here's the thing. I think I'm in a different situation than some of the other fellows because I had had this opportunity to bump into the director of the program in April. And she'd given me her card and asked me to be in touch about people who I really respected in my field. And so I was thinking, it was this amazing opportunity to lift up the names of people who are working to end mass criminalization or people who I've respected for decades, to try to get their names into her ear."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : To bring recognition to several people in the field.","questions":"How did Sujatha Baliga plan to use the opportunity she had with the director of the program?","answer":"lift"}
{"text":["The federal investigations looming over the Trump administration kicked into high gear this past week, yielding legal consequences for not one but four of his associates. Former campaign Chairman Paul Manafort was convicted on eight counts in federal court while, at virtually the same time, Trump's personal lawyer Michael Cohen pleaded guilty and implicated the president. Add to that news that prosecutors reached immunity deals with two Trump allies - David Pecker, the publisher of the National Enquirer, and Allen Weisselberg, chief financial officer of The Trump Organization. To sort through what all this means, I'm joined by Anne Milgram, a former state and federal prosecutor and former attorney general of New Jersey. Welcome to the program.","Thanks for having me.","And let's talk about that immunity. Prosecutors have worked out deals to get cooperation from at least these two men that we know about. What's the upshot of that?","So the upshot with Pecker, I think, could be enormous for the government in terms of getting evidence about Donald Trump. We understand that he had - he's friends with Trump for 20 years or more and that they've had a long relationship. What I think is one of the most interesting questions here is not just that he's cooperated related to the Cohen piece but also what other evidence he may have. Were there other deals made?Were there other stories that they caught and killed, as they say in the business, where they pay people to not actually publish a story and not have it go public?So that, I think, is particularly interesting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : \"Caught and killed\" is not literal. It refers to newspaper stories being not being published due to interference from the subject of those stories.","questions":"What does the phrase \"caught and killed\" refer to?","answer":"Newspaper"}
{"text":["And how did this start?","Well, about 20 years ago, we were thinking about doing a literary magazine because at the time there weren't too many journals out there for new writers. There weren't many literary journals at all during that time. And so we stumbled upon an idea that we had started with one of our friends from college where he had given me a first line to start a story. And then I would write the story. And then I would send it to him. And I'd give him a first line. And he would start a story. And he would send that back to me. And we did that. And so we decided that we'd open that up to the rest of the world.","How many stories do you typically get?","We run between 300 and 450 submissions in issue."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"How did this start?\" - This turn has a literal meaning and it is asking for the beginning of something.","questions":"How many submissions do you receive per issue?","answer":"300"}
{"text":["Well, it was a a very powerful scene. Francis stood with his head bowed in prayer next to the Armenian apostolate patriarch and a group of black hooded Orthodox bishops while musicians performed a mournful melody on an ancient Armenian flute that's called the duduk. Here's what it sounds like.","The memorial itself is very impressive - 12 tall, slanted slabs of rock that suggest figures in mourning in a circle around an eternal flame. Francis prayed, and then he wrote in the memorial guest book, here I pray with pain in my heart so that never again will there be tragedies like this. He went on - may God protect the memory of the Armenian people. Memory should never be watered down or forgotten. Memory is the source of peace and the future. And I've heard a lot of Armenians who are mostly Orthodox express admiration and thanks that the leader of the Catholic Church acknowledges their history and loyalty to the Christian faith.","Before the pope landed in Yerevan, I gather he met with reporters on the plane. And he was asked about the subject of the past couple of days - Britain's exit from the European Union. What did he say?","Well, he looked very pensive, and he said this was the will of the people. He added this requires a great responsibility on the part of all of us to guarantee the good of the people of the United Kingdom and also the good and coexistence of the entire European continent."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Memory should never be watered down or forgotten.Memory is the source of peace and the future. - This implies that it is important to remember the past in order to build a peaceful future.","questions":"How is memory described as a source?","answer":"Peace"}
{"text":["Thank you for having me with you.","So, let's start with what exactly they are.","Okay. Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors. They're growth of muscle within the uterine wall. And sometimes they can be the size of a dime, and because of their location, they give you severe symptoms. And rarely, they can get to be the size of a basketball before they're recognized.","That's sounds pretty horrific.","It can be. It's amazing how much difficulty they can give to women that, in general, women can have severe menstrual bleeding - the kind of bleeding that keeps you home from work or keeps you from being able to do your daily activities - or they can press on a lot body structures. And they are very common, and it's surprising that so few women know that they have fibroids and that their symptoms may be related to them.","Now, research shows that about 25 percent of women in America are going to show some symptoms of fibroids, but they occur a lot more often in black women than white women. How much more often and why do scientists think that is?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 5 : Now, research shows that about 25 percent of women in America are going to show some symptoms of fibroids, but they occur a lot more often in black women than white women. How much more often and why do scientists think that is? Implicated meaning: Asking for information about the higher incidence of fibroids in black women and the reasons behind it.","questions":"What percentage of women in America are likely to show symptoms of fibroids?","answer":"25"}
{"text":["Lauren, can you help us appreciate the reaction of the Spanish public at this point?","Well, the Spanish public has not looked favorably, perhaps unsurprisingly, on this investigation. The royal family's approval ratings are at record lows. King Juan Carlos is 76 years old. He's been in and out of hospitals for the past few years and the most infamous health scare he had was two years ago when he broke his hip while on a very expensive elephant hunting trip in Africa.","The public only found out about his safari when he broke his hip and had to be flown home to Spain. The trip cost several times the average Spaniard's annual salary so that elephant hunt did not go over well here. But in general, this investigation into the princess' finances has served as a sort of reckoning for the country. A few years ago, when Spain's economy was booming, nobody really bothered to examine anyone's finances carefully, from the royals to the construction companies that were building like mad all over Spain to regular people's taxes. And now, everything is being examined and Spaniards are realizing that just like them, even their princess may have been living way beyond her means.","Lauren Frayer in Madrid, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  is that the investigation into the princess' finances has served as a lesson to the Spanish public that they are not above the law and should be held accountable","questions":"How has the investigation into the princess' finances affected the Spanish public's perception of accountability?","answer":"Accountability"}
{"text":["And this was a, well, not too far down the road from Berkeley but a little less glamorous.","The school, I think, was, you know, you have moments in your reporting where this sort of weight of what has happened weighs on you. And I think that when that happened to me, it was just on my fourth or fifth visit to the school. And I just looked at the building and just saw how unremarkable it was and just how forgettable it was. I mean, it was - the closest thing to that building in that industrial stretch of Oakland is a Wal-Mart. Actually, some of the employers from Wal-Mart came down and put up a sign of support.","But there is nothing there. And, you know, the insides of the school are in bad conditions, and the idea that this was a university, like, you never ever would have suspected that this was a place of learning. And, you know, across the Bay Area and also across Southern California, there are a lot of these, sort of, for-profit, small, I guess, learning institutions that cater towards immigrants who need a cheaper form of education.","A degree"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : not too far down the road means that it isn't far away from a different location.","questions":"Which location?","answer":"Oakland"}
{"text":["(Laughter) Yeah. I don't think that it's a straight line from smoking marijuana to fanaticism or radicalization. But I do think that there's something that happens to boys becoming men that is a series of rites of passage and tampering or becoming involved with illicit drugs or having sex. Or any of these taboo things are some of these portals that kids go through, boys especially. And fanaticism to me, as I was witnessing it in a global way, was the last portal. And I wanted to write something that charted these transitions from just a little bit outside the line to a little bit more outside the line until finally there is no way back.","The Boston Marathon bombings are an important touchstone in this book. And they're felt personally by Alireza's friends in Laguna Beach.","That's something that I thought about a lot when I was sort of following the story of the Boston Marathon bombings and how it was to be Muslim in this country and to be a Muslim man in a place that's already slightly turned against you. But I imagined a situation in which someone in your very close community was affected by an act of terrorism, and you are of the Muslim family, what the ramifications would be like in that community.","And I took it a few steps further and then did research and found that it wasn't that uncommon for people who were related to, you know, Russian immigrants or children of Muslims or practicing Muslims to experience racism in high school afterwards. It tends to be that people are looking for someone to blame."],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : (1). In this turn, the speaker is not just talking about the act of being silent or not making noise. They are using the phrase \"a little bit outside the line\" and \"a little bit more outside the line\" to describe the process of moving towards radicalization and fanaticism. The phrase \"there is no way back\" implies a point of no return, indicating that the speaker believes once someone becomes a fanatic, it is difficult to change their beliefs.","questions":"Which phrase does the speaker use to describe the process of moving towards radicalization and fanaticism?","answer":"Outside"}
{"text":["I find it interesting that the thing that I think is their signature model, which is the pinching effect, they didn't care about or seem to want to protect that.","It was - so the pinch to zoom, it's something that they've litigated with HTC against, I believe, in the past. They were using - they had a handful of other different user interface features. There's one, double-tap to zoom, so when you double-tap, say, a little article on the New York Times homepage, it'll, you know, expand to take up the full screen.","And that was in the core - the jury agreed that was something they owned.","Correct."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : Pinch-to-zoom is a feature that Apple litigated with HTC in the past. Apple had other user interface features.","questions":"What did the jury agree was owned by Apple?","answer":"Double-tap"}
{"text":["Well, you could say both. You know, in 2010, the parent company declared bankruptcy. There's significant debt surrounding and hanging over National Enquirer's parent company. But you can't separate this from the scandals. The Washington Post, in its reporting, claims that the hedge fund manager who's sort of controlling owner now of American Media says that he's disgusted by what he's learned. This is not really anything new for the Enquirer, but don't forget the legal trouble the Enquirer has been in. You know, it got dragged into the investigation of Michael Cohen and others. It had to, essentially, negotiate with prosecutors in order to avoid prosecution. And indeed, the Bezos scandal may raise the legal stakes once more.","I mean, we've probably all joked at the grocery store checkout stand, like, looking at the headlines - who would ever buy the National Enquirer?Well, now it's like a more serious question. Who would buy the National Enquirer?","Well, you know, in a straight world, you might say TMZ, the digital gossip site. It's hard to know. It's a damaged brand. It is a notable brand. Somebody may buy it as a plaything, or there's been speculation Jeff Bezos would want to strangle it, buy it and put it out. . .","Wow. That would be. . ."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The National Enquirer is not a credible source of news and is often joked about.","questions":"What is often joked about at the grocery store checkout stand?","answer":"National"}
{"text":["Well, prior to me going to medical school, I was actually a vegetarian. I was a martial artist. And I got exposed to concepts of diet and nutrition as it impacted health, and I got exposed to concepts of energy with respect to martial arts practice. And I really didn't see any of that in my medical school experience. Along with that, I had a just really open-ended approach to looking at medicine.","Being an African-American, I was not one of the good old boys in medical school. So you can either try hard to be a part of that club, or you can say to yourself, well, gosh, maybe there's some other things that can actually be explored. So Chinese medicine - I've explored that. I explored classical homeopathy. I explored nutrition. I explored other, particularly African cultural arts. And out of that, it just opened a whole worldview to me.","Give us some specifics on what African traditional medicine might incorporate into your practice.","At the heart of traditional African medicine is God and the ancestors, OK?So now, you have many Africans that want to take advantage of traditional medicine, but they don't want to acknowledge the roots. So the roots, as I'm saying, is understand your relationship with ancestors in terms of ancestors being a part of the community. The use of divination - on the surface, I mean, we've seen different things, maybe on TV or someone is throwing bones or caraway shells and then makes a pronouncement."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Prior to medical school, I gained knowledge of diet and nutrition through martial arts and vegetarianism, which was lacking in my medical education.","questions":"What impacted PersonA's approach to looking at medicine?","answer":"A"}
{"text":["Dr.  Michael Jacobson is president of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a nonprofit group that advocates for safer and healthier foods. Thanks for being with us.","Thanks for having me, Scott.","Looking back on these studies, were they just wrong?","The studies really skewed the evidence at the time. And I think it was unfortunate that these papers were published because they influenced the public discussion about the health impact of sugar.","The question that news of a study like this, I think, raises for everybody is, how do you know what information to trust?"],"speaker":["B","A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (\"Thanks for having me, Scott.\") is a polite expression used to thank the interviewer for the invitation to appear on the show, even though the interviewer did not actually \"have\" the guest in any literal sense. ","questions":"What did PersonA say to Scott?","answer":"Thanks"}
{"text":["Now, again, I spent my life being hassled by white cops. And the first thing I thought was, do you mean to tell me after everything I've been through, that St.  Peter is a white cop?That was the first thing that went through my mind.","Oh, my gosh. Well, that is a clear sign of your sense of humor. Brian, just stay with us. We won't keep you too much longer. Brian Copeland is the author of the book and creator of the production \"Not a Genuine Black Man. \"","And next on NEWS & NOTES, if you or someone you love is struggling with depression or mental illness, where do you turn?We've got two medical experts with a long history of promoting mental health. Plus, we read from your letters.","I'm Farai Chideya, and this is NEWS & NOTES. This month, we are focusing on the critical issue of mental health. We're also speaking with Brian Copeland, the author of the book and creator of the production \"Not a Genuine Black Man. \""],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : A jokingly questions if St. Peter is a white cop due to his negative experiences with white cops.","questions":"What was the first thing that went through PersonA's mind?","answer":"St.Peter"}
{"text":["They survived, but it's not like they were back at a comfortable hospital stateside within a few weeks is it?","No, their reward for surviving was Japanese captivity. And you know, what lay ahead for them was famously fictionalized in the movie \"The Bridge On The River Kwai,\" the so-called Burma-Thailand Railway, which was a - it was a war crime, really. These POWs were set to work for the Japanese, building this railroad through the jungle up in Burma and Thailand. And it was a case, literally, of the survivors in some sense envying the dead. 20 percent of the survivors would die in captivity. And so out of that 1,100-man crew, fewer than 300 came home.","It seems good here to remember the words that President Roosevelt said after the sinking, quote, \"our enemies have given us the chance to prove that there will be another USS Houston and yet another USS Houston, if that becomes necessary. And still another USS Houston, as long as American ideals are in jeopardy. \"","Well, he spoke those words, I believe, it was on Memorial Day, 1942. The president had a special relationship with this ship and its crew. Four times during the '30s he took world cruises on the Houston. It got to the point where when he called the Navy Department and said, bring the boat around, the admirals on duty knew exactly which ship he meant; he meant the Houston."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : In turn (2), the phrase \"envying the dead\" is a figurative expression that means that the survivors of the USS Houston were in such dire conditions during their captivity that they would have preferred to die rather than continue living in those conditions.","questions":"Which phrase is used to describe the conditions of the USS Houston survivors?","answer":"Envying"}
{"text":["Let me ask you this. Do you know Pat Cipollone?","We've met.","I assume he is also very familiar with the Constitution having gotten as far as he has in his legal career.","Look, he's doing what his client wants him to do."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Pat Cipollone has become well known and is making a great deal of money.","questions":"What is the reason for Pat Cipollone's success?","answer":"client"}
{"text":["A woman named Rabbit is a kind of miracle. She was pulled out of the grave of her dead mother along the Ma River in Vietnam on the night of a full moon, when folklore says that a rabbit walks the moon. It was troops who'd begun to pull out, but Rabbit grows up in the landscape of leveled homes and shattered lives and barren poison fields in which her own life slips between present tense and parable. Quan Barry now reads from her new novel, \"She Weeps Each Time You're Born. \"","(Reading) On this we do not agree. Some of us say she was made manifest in a muddy ditch on the way to the pineapple plantation. Others say it happened hunkered down in a piggery, the little ones with their wet snouts full of wonder at the strange, bristleous being wriggling among them for milk. Either way, we bow to you. Believe us when we say life is a wheel. There was no beginning; there is no end. But we will tell you the story as she believes it occurred - under the full rabbit moon, 6-feet below ground in a wooden box. Her mother's hands cold as ice. Overhead, the bats of good fortune flitting through the dark.","\"She Weeps Time You're Born\" is one of Library Journal's six essential debuts of 2015. And Quan Barry, who is a prize-winning poet and a professor of English at the University of Wisconsin, joins us from the studios of Wisconsin Public Radio. Thanks so much for being with us.","Thanks for having me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Quan Barry is expressing her gratitude for being invited to the show, even though this is not explicitly stated in the turn.","questions":"Which emotion does Quan Barry convey in turn 3?","answer":"Thanks"}
{"text":["Members of the Writers Guild of America are back at work today. The three-month labor dispute with Hollywood producers was put to rest last night. Members voted overwhelmingly to end the strike. The dispute centered on what writers should be paid for work distributed over the Internet. So did the writers get what they wanted?That's the question we pose now to Larry Wilmore. He's a member of the WGA's negotiating committee. He's a long-time television writer and producer, also the senior black correspondent for Comedy Central's \"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart. \"He's a clip of Larry on \"The Daily Show\" before the strike:","American blacks love African art, African clothes, African music. We're just not that crazy about Africans.","Frankly, they kind of overdo it, you know?So for blacks to support Obama, he's got to make up his mind. Is he African or American?Because he can't be both. That doesn't make sense.","You were so wrong, Larry. How are you doing?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  \"Frankly, they kind of overdo it, you know? So for blacks to support Obama, he's got to make up his mind. Is he African or American? Because he can't be both. That doesn't make sense.\" The literal meaning of this turn is that Obama cannot be both African and American, and that it is difficult for black people to support him. However, the actual meaning is that there is a sense of confusion and identity crisis regarding Obama's background, and that this confusion affects how some black people feel about him.","questions":"Which background of Obama is Larry questioning?","answer":"Identity"}
{"text":["No. I mean, not really. We are in uncharted territory here in Kenya. When the court threw out the first case, it was the first time an African court threw out the victory of a sitting president. So, you know, this court has shown courage and independence. But the ground has shifted. The judges have been openly intimidated. And one of their bodyguards was shot last month. So they're under intense pressure. And who knows how they will rule?I think what we know for sure is that whatever they decide, it's bound to have serious consequences on the streets.","That's NPR's Eyder Peralta in Nairobi. Thank you so much.","Thank you, Lulu.","(SOUNDBITE OF EL TEN ELEVEN'S \"THINKING LOUDLY\""],"speaker":["A","B","A","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : It implies that the judicial system is at jeopardy.","questions":"How is the Kenyan court system threatened?","answer":"threatened"}
{"text":[". . . Exactly correct. And when it comes to hostages, there is a clear U. S.  policy. We do not pay ransom. We do not make concessions. When it comes to political prisoners, it's much more murky.","To your knowledge, was any money given to North Korea in association with the release of Otto Warmbier, however it's characterized?","Not that I'm aware. I would personally be surprised if the Trump administration actually paid that invoice. However, again, when we were negotiating and trying to put the framework together for the release of Otto Warmbier, we were coupling it with a bigger package of bringing back remains of U. S.  servicemen, of helping a little bit with flood-related areas in north North Korea, which was back then hit really hard - not to the North Korean government, but through humanitarian organizations. And that compiles this package of humanitarian interest, mutual humanitarian interest that - it's a bunch of gestures of goodwill that ends up getting with what you want.","What does this week's news tell us about how the Trump administration deals with these types of situations?Because the president likes to suggest that his techniques are very different from that of his predecessors."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The U.S. government has a policy of not paying ransom for hostages or making concessions for political prisoners.","questions":"Which type of prisoners is it stated in turn 1 that the U.S. government has a more ambiguous policy towards?","answer":"Political"}
{"text":["I would just think about grilling as like any other type of cooking technique. It's really about time and temperature. So if you know how to cook at your stove, you understand high heat, medium heat, low heat, you can replicate that on a grill. It just has to do with how big a pile of charcoal you have and where it is in its lifecycle. So it's very hot at the beginning, and then it cools off a little bit. And then I would say simplify your seasonings. I have a whole section in my book that's all about salt, pepper, olive oil and lemon juice as being really essential and really fantastic.","OK.  Carla, you know I'm putting you on the spot here now - OK.  charcoal or gas?","Oh, this is a great question. I think that they're both great. I have charcoal. I love cooking over live fire. But if what you have is a gas grill and it gets you outside, enjoying cooking outside and making something that you love, then lean into your gas grill. It's all good.","That's Carla Lalli Music, food director at Bon Appetit magazine. She's the author of \"Where Cooking Begins: Uncomplicated Recipes To Make You A Great Cook. \"Carla, thanks so much for joining us. Happy Fourth."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Leaning into your gas grill meaning simply use the grill.","questions":"How would Carla suggest using a gas grill?","answer":"Simply"}
{"text":["I think it's actually the opposite. And Jay Inslee ran as the climate candidate, but it turns out there are several climate candidates. So if you are a voter who's looking for someone who wants to overhaul the entire economy over the coming decades, to transition to renewable energy, massively cut down on greenhouse gas emissions, you have your pick - Beto O'Rourke has a plan to do that, Elizabeth Warren, Joe Biden to a more moderate degree, others. Many have put forward plans that would go far further than what the Obama administration tried to do on this.","Inslee did have the most detailed plan. He did talk about this the most. But that really didn't allow him to end up to stand out on the front. And you're right; most polls show that climate change is one of Democratic voters' top issues. This is something that this year Democrats are regularly talking about, voters are asking about, it's a topic in debates. In the past, that hasn't been the case. This has often been an issue that ends up getting ignored during elections.","You mentioned Bernie Sanders. He just rolled out a big climate plan. How does his proposal compare to the other plans we've seen?","I think it's fair to say this is the most aggressive plan yet."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : to put something forward is to give an idea, they are giving ideas for climate change","questions":"Which topic are Democrats regularly discussing this year?","answer":"Climatechange"}
{"text":["Oh, yeah. Now, the - no, you've got two different, very distinct threats. You've got the homeland, you know, converted through the internet or perhaps with some of the mosques or some of the individuals here in the United States. But no, it is clear from, you know, all kind of open-source reporting and other information that is available.","But I wonder if you can name - I don't know - even one instance.","The - no. You have the folks a couple of years ago that came across from Vancouver. But just because they have not yet executed a terrorist attack. . .","That's the Canadian border."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : In (3), the speaker is implying that just because there hasn't been a terrorist attack yet, it doesn't mean that there won't be one in the future.","questions":"How does the speaker in turn 2 justify the possibility of future terrorist attacks?","answer":"future"}
{"text":["Finally, the Senate Judiciary Committee is expected to vote next week on the Brett Kavanaugh nomination to the Supreme Court. There were grave charges this week that surfaced, alleging that Brett Kavanaugh committed a sexual assault during high school. What do we know about this?","According to The New Yorker, a woman who knew Kavanaugh in high school notified her congresswoman, and also Senator Dianne Feinstein, that at a party back in the early '80s, Kavanaugh had held her down and tried to force himself on her. Now Kavanaugh emphatically denies that, and Feinstein didn't bring this up during the confirmation hearings.","The White House suggests this is an eleventh-hour stalling tactic. And yesterday, Chuck Grassley, the Republican chairman of the Judiciary Committee, released a letter signed by 65 women who say they knew Kavanaugh in high school and testifying to his good character.","NPR's Scott Horsley, thanks so much."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : This statement implies that the New Yorker's testimony about Kavanaugh sexual assault was countered by the 65 women signatories to Kavanaugh good character in High school.","questions":"Which testimony was countered by the 65 women?","answer":"NewYorker's"}
{"text":["Yeah. I think - again, after all these years, that's how I've expressed myself. And I always sort of would feel odd when people would describe, you know, singer-song - or what I do, really as confessional. I think that tends to often be said in the same sentence when you talk about singer-songwriters. And I never thought of it as something to confess but rather it's about how you express yourself.","There is those other events in your life. The pulmonary embolism must have scared you to death.","Mm-hmm. Terrifying.","And divorce almost as scary."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The pulmonary embolism was a very scary experience for you.","questions":"How was the pulmonary embolism experience for B?","answer":"Terrifying"}
{"text":["(Laughter) Absolutely, it does.","All right.","So I mean, I followed up on this trip with sort of other road trips - you know, road trips hitting major cities in the U. S. , road trips hitting major sites in Europe. I've also started using it when you're walking around a city as a tourist and trying to hit all the hotspots there. And also, actually last month, I used a very similar algorithm, strangely enough, to solve the \"Where's Waldo\" children's book as well.","What do you mean you solved \"Where's Waldo?\""],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : Using the algorithm to find Waldo in a Where's Waldo book.","questions":"What did the speaker use to solve \"Where's Waldo\"?","answer":"Algorithm"}
{"text":["There is a level of acceptance for some. So one young woman I met joined the all-women's force after being brutalized by her husband, who was part of ISIS. On the other hand, the women who were foreigners and even the real hardcore last holdouts in the fight against ISIS who are in this town of Baghuz, which had basically an apocalyptic end. They ran out of food. They ran out of water.","And what you see now from the women who were part of that is that all of the crimes of ISIS - you know, enslaving girls, raping women, beheading people on the streets, the hangings - that was not enough really to make them lose confidence in the head of ISIS. But the fact that children whose families belong to ISIS starved to death while leaders had food, that is what's making people very disappointed, very disillusioned, especially the women I've talked to.","Are there people who still support the caliphate despite all that they went through?","Absolutely there are. And in fact, one woman from Egypt I met has four daughters. She was talking about how all they want is to go home, to go back to Egypt, to go back to the parks, to go see relatives. And she said to me, you know, I don't believe in Baghdadi. But I still believe in the caliphate."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : The women who joined the all-women's force did so as a result of being abused by their husbands who were part of ISIS.","questions":"How did the women who joined the all-women's force become involved in the fight against ISIS?","answer":"Abuse"}
{"text":["In a hospital.","Yeah.","Can we ask for the story about that?I mean, you didn't go out of your way to get married in a hospital. I guess in a sense, you did - right?","(Laughter) We had applied to get married in Illinois. We had 60 days. We were never in the same town. My wife showed up, and we had one day left; and she walked in the door from Los Angeles, and I suddenly grabbed my stomach. I said, boy, I'm not feeling well. She said, you're not getting out of it that easy. But we wound up going to the emergency room. I had my gall bladder removed."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (Laughter) We had applied to get married in Illinois. We had 60 days. We were never in the same town. My wife showed up, and we had one day left; and she walked in the door from Los Angeles, and I suddenly grabbed my stomach. I said, boy, I'm not feeling well. She said, you're not getting out of it that easy. But we wound up going to the emergency room. I had my gall bladder removed.  In this turn, the implied meaning is that the speaker's sudden stomach pain was a way for them to avoid getting married or to postpone the wedding. The literal meaning would suggest that the speaker's stomach pain was genuine and required medical attention, but the implied meaning suggests that it may have been a ploy to avoid the wedding.","questions":"How did the speaker feel when his wife arrived?","answer":"Grabbed"}
{"text":["And she - my wife went and found the chaplain at Northwestern - a Lutheran chaplain who'd never performed a wedding before. She came to our room and performed the ceremony, just the three of us. It was a lovely, personal, intimate ceremony. And immediately after the ceremony, I took some pain medication and peed in a cup.","Well, that's one way to say l'chaim, isn't it?I made a short list: addiction abuse, adultery, abandonment, imminent incest and just plain old hatred. So is every family is a little bit like the Westons of Osage County?","What we have seen by doing this play is that the story of this family is pretty universal. And the dinner scene alone, in the theater - I can tell you that some people are howling with laughter, and other people are in tears and crawling under their seats. They find it very upsetting to watch because it hits pretty close to home.","\"Fiddler on the Roof\" with the F word?","That's one way to look at it."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : (3) A: \"What we have seen by doing this play is that the story of this family is pretty universal. And the dinner scene alone, in the theater - I can tell you that some people are howling with laughter, and other people are in tears and crawling under their seats. They find it very upsetting to watch because it hits pretty close to home.\"","questions":"What kind of emotions do people experience while watching the dinner scene in the theater?","answer":"Mixed"}
{"text":["Yeah. I always - I was - firstly, I want to say that she was always super generous and warm and very, very affectionate with me. So there was no problem of that kind. But there was - you know, there were certain attitudes. And I think with her, like, there was a kind of desire to shock.","Do you think that's because at least the elder royals are very insular?They're very protected from the rest of society and its headwinds and changes.","Yeah. I think that is true. I think that it wasn't just - I mean, it was colored people, homosexuals, Jews. People would have these very polite manners. And then they would say these rather awful things. You know, it's like, I'm terribly sorry. I don't like Jews very much. You know, you just can't talk like that. So there was certainly a kind of - it was very, very archaic.","Your piece has gotten quite a bit of reaction in the British tabloids. And some of it has not been positive. What's your reaction to the reaction?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"super generous and warm\" implies very generous and warm. \"a kind of desire to shock\" implies a kind of desire to surprise.","questions":"What was the attitude of polite people towards Jews according to the speaker?","answer":"unlike"}
{"text":["And then if you go down river, as you get closer to Arkansas, some communities, like Braggs and Webbers Falls, have been totally emptied out. One mayor earlier this week told people that if they refuse to evacuate, they should write their identification on their arm.","Wow. I mean, it does sound as though it's just an overwhelmingly awful combination of floods and tornadoes and bad weather. What are people saying as you are out and about interviewing people and, I guess, just talking to your own neighbors?","Well, people here are well-practiced. When we went into the basement on Saturday night with a tornado warning that hit near our home, our neighbors had their medication already prepared in plastic bags to take into the basement. But this has just been every day for nearly a month. And when you constantly have warnings coming through on your cell phone for floods and tornado watches and thunderstorms, it is hard to not just shut down.","Yeah. Today, of course, is a holiday, Memorial Day. But are schools on track, businesses on track for business as usual tomorrow?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The constant weather warnings are taking an emotional toll on people.","questions":"How are people affected emotionally by the constant weather warnings?","answer":"Emotionally"}
{"text":["You offered to do this for nothing. Is that offer still out there?","Of course.","You manage, well, you did manage $720 billion in assets. I'm not sure your portfolio's still worth 720. A month ago, it was.","Well, it's worth more now because we've grown and taken in additional assets, not because our assets have miraculously gone up in price."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A clarifies that the value of the portfolio increased due to acquiring additional assets, not due to a rise in asset prices","questions":"How did the value of the portfolio increase?","answer":"Acquiring"}
{"text":["Studios can hold out. They're in bad shape. I mean, they're going to be hurt by this environment economically. But that doesn't mean they can't survive for quite a long time with a strike underway. And that means that people would - I mean, it would just be so devastating; people would lose their jobs. And that wouldn't just be the actors; it would be people who support productions. The actors, unlike the writers, they can close down a movie very quickly. So, it would be an immediate and potentially a long-term and the devastating impact not only for the economy here, but for the Screen Actors Guild if it turned out to backfire.","So, Kim, what happens from here?What's the next steps?","At some point, they can declare an impasse, and the Screen Actors Guild will go to its members and ask for a strike authorization. That requires 75-percent approval of those voting. There certainly are some very high-profile actors - George Clooney, Tom Hanks - who are very opposed to this and who probably would go out there and try to persuade people to vote and vote it down. But with 75-percent approval of those voting, not of the membership, of those voting, that would mean they would have strike authorization and they could initiate a strike.","And if there is a strike, what would that mean for viewers?Does that mean even more hours of reality TV?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : to hold out in this context means to wait","questions":"How can studios survive for a long time with a strike underway?","answer":"Wait"}
{"text":["Oil aside, do the two countries have different interests in the region?","Saudi Arabia is particularly worried by the U. S.  trying to reach a nuclear deal with Iran. Saudi Arabia sees Iran kind of backing groups in Syria and in Lebanon and in Yemen and Iraq. And Saudi is seeing itself as increasingly surrounded. And it, you know, Saudis don't really think the U. S.  understands how deeply concerned it is about regional security and about its own security right now.","We understand that there are activists in Saudi Arabia - human rights activists, activists for women's rights, greater women's rights in Saudi Arabia - who had wanted President Obama and other U. S.  officials to kind of step in and voice their concerns. No indication whatever, that happened. Is there disappointment?","There was. Saudi women that I talked to after the visit said they didn't really expect Obama to kind of endanger the makeup visit by bringing women's rights up or just human rights up. And they said in that sense, the trip met their expectations. Saudi activists say that there is a state crackdown going on - on dissent and free speech - since the Arab Spring uprisings. And they say it's kind of a very dark time in the kingdom for them, and they think the U. S.  is not really doing too much to help them out of it."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : (4) Although the response appears to be saying that Saudi women did not expect President Obama to bring up women's or human rights during his visit, the actual meaning is that they did not want him to bring up those issues during his visit, as it could have endangered the visit.","questions":"Which issue did Saudi women not want President Obama to bring up during his visit?","answer":"Positive"}
{"text":["May of 2014.","Wasn't open very long, was it?","No, it wasn't. They said it was an experiment.","I don't expect you to make any effort to understand Wal-Mart's point of view. We've done a number of these interviews over the years, and people complain when Wal-Mart's open. And so now they're closing. Can you see from their point of view?You're saying that, you know, Wal-Mart might say people complain whatever we do. They just don't like us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 :  The speaker is implying that Wal-Mart is not genuine in its claim that the store closure was an experiment, and that it may have been a strategic move to avoid further criticism and negative publicity. ","questions":"How was Wal-Mart's claim about the store closure perceived?","answer":"Experiment"}
{"text":["The last 48 hours, President Guaido ordered security forces to restore constitutional order. That's what we saw. This was not a coup d'etat. This was a legitimate president recognized by the Venezuelans and by over 60 countries asking security forces to go on the right side of the Constitution.","And at this point, when you're talking about directing the security forces, do you know what proportion is still loyal to Nicolas Maduro?","This is a nationwide movement by the security forces. And the majority of security forces are with the people. Remember; these military men, lower and high-ranking, have Venezuelan families that don't have food on the table, that they can't find medicine. So they're deeply impacted by the crisis.","But if we look onscreen and see a crackdown and see people going after protesters, how should we see that?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : The majority of security forces are with the people due to the impact of the crisis on their families","questions":"What impacted the crisis on the families of Venezuelan military men?","answer":"food"}
{"text":["Yeah. Well, there are definitely multiple factors. You know, about a decade ago, China passed their renewable energy law. They started to really grow wind and solar as the future strategic industries. And now they're the largest in the world. They install by far the most wind turbines and solar panels in the world. So they really can see that this is a future growth area, that this is something that they can export to other countries. And it has all of these environmental benefits. So of course, to them, it just makes sense to do it.","So they see jobs in green energy.","That's right. You know, there's 3 million renewable energy jobs in China. That's the most in the world. Renewable energy jobs around the world, including in the U. S. , are growing much faster than the overall job market. So there are definitely areas for growth.","At the same time, China is the world's largest coal user and producer, isn't it?"],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : China sees renewable energy as a future economic opportunity, which can be exported and reduce environmental impact.","questions":"Which country has the largest number of renewable energy jobs?","answer":"China"}
{"text":["The balance we saw in Kenya was unexpected. Kenya had had a smooth transition from the rule of Daniel arap Moi to the rule of Mwai Kibaki, and it could very well have turned out that we had two, if it wasn't for some electoral rigging and planning on the part of the two different camps to destabilize the country after these elections.","Ghana's had a smooth transition eight years ago and is going to have another election pretty soon, and it's expected that that will be a free and fair election. Benin is a good place to think about, Madagascar, Mauritius. So I think that, you know, it's important to realize that even though it looks like Africans are always at each others' throats surrounding elections, it's not as dire as we might think.","You mentioned that you believe that elections don't equal democracy. How do you distinguish the two of those?","Well, you know, elections are procedures that we find in democracies. But, you know, there has to be a culture of democracy. If you had a free and fair election, there wouldn't be rigging. There wouldn't be ballot-stuffing and intimidation. So democracy has more components than just elections."],"speaker":["A","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 :  \"Well, you know, elections are procedures that we find in democracies. But, you know, there has to be a culture of democracy. If you had a free and fair election, there wouldn't be rigging. There wouldn't be ballot-stuffing and intimidation. So democracy has more components than just elections.\"  In this turn, the speaker is using the word \"democracy\" in a broader sense than its literal meaning. The literal meaning of democracy refers to a system of government where power is held by the people or their elected representatives, and decisions are made by majority rule. However, the speaker is using the term to refer to a culture or society where democratic values and practices are ingrained and respected. They argue that free and fair elections alone do not guarantee democracy, as a democratic culture involves more than just electoral procedures.","questions":"What term is the speaker using to refer to a culture or society where democratic values and practices are ingrained and respected?","answer":"Democracy"}
{"text":["In a word, Ari - schadenfreude. I think at this moment, whether you look at politics or society in general, there is a lot of concern about fraud, about misrepresentation, people not being who they say they are, not to mention a lot of resentment of wealth and privilege and all the trappings that come with it. And the way this story has unfolded, the fact that these families really seem to believe that the rules should not apply to them - that's been galling to many people.","And then look at the setting, right?So elite colleges are the source of such cultural fascination. Some would say obsession. Highly selective colleges - you know, they only enroll about 1 percent of all college students. So they're very, very small. But then again, they have these brands that are known all over the world. And they're supposed to stand for merit, for hard work, for the best and the brightest.","And so when you look at something like this or, even bigger, the legacy admissions or the fact that some wealthy donors can write a check and get their kid into college that way supposedly, it - all of this is really going to undermine the idea of having institutions in our society that represent hard work and being kind of excellent.","So where do these cases go from here?"],"speaker":["A","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Implied meaning: People are feeling resentment and anger towards people who think they don't have to follow the same rules as everyone else. ","questions":"What emotion are people feeling towards those who believe they are exempt from following the rules?","answer":"Resentment"}
{"text":["Absolutely. They may, you know, be with someone, or as they play cards with other decks of playing cards, people talk, you know?We all - we all kind of fill that space. And so hopefully maybe some information that they've heard could prove valuable in cases as we work towards resolution.","How many cold cases do you have there on the books in Colorado?",">>SIMKINS Here in Colorado we have nearly 1,600 cases total. And when we identify a cold case, we are calling any unresolved homicide that is more than three years from the commission of crime a cold case. We're also including any long-term missing person cases and any unidentified remains.","There are only 52 cards in a deck of cards. So how do you decide which case makes the deck?"],"speaker":["A","B","B","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : \"as they play cards with other decks of playing cards, people talk\" - this is a metaphorical expression, suggesting that people communicate and exchange information in various ways, just like card players do.","questions":"Which expression in the dialogue uses a metaphor to suggest that people communicate and exchange information in various ways?","answer":"Metaphorical"}
{"text":["One of the things you can buy with bitcoins is illicit products, like drugs, for example. And it has proven to be a particularly attractive application for bitcoin because if you tried to set up a black market for drugs and accept credit card payments, the credit card networks would shut you down right away. But there's nobody who runs the bitcoin network, and so there's nobody the authorities can go to and say, shut down this network or reverse that payment.","I gather bitcoin's created through mining but not, like, chisel and cloud of dust mining. Right?","Yeah. So mining is the term that bitcoin people use for the process that computers use to kind of run the bitcoin network. There's a global shared record of who has made which payments to whom. And the computers that participate in this process get a reward of new bitcoins. Right now, every block, which happens about 10 minutes, you get a reward of 12. 5 bitcoins, which is worth more than $100,000. And they call it mining because you're creating new bitcoins in the process of running the network.","And that takes a lot of energy, I gather.","It does. One recent estimate said that the bitcoin network as a whole consumes about as much energy as the nation of Denmark."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : (2) The speaker is implying that \"mining\" in the context of Bitcoin is not done in the same way as traditional mining (with chisels and clouds of dust) but rather is done with computers and technology.","questions":"Which term do bitcoin people use to refer to the process that computers use to run the bitcoin network?","answer":"Mining"}
{"text":["Right. And the second issue is the Steele dossier itself. The Republicans charged the FBI was politically motivated and relied on this unverified information from Christopher Steele and that his work can't be trusted because it was ultimately funded by the Democrats. The Democrats now say that the FBI disclosed this in its application to the surveillance court, which was approved by four Republican-appointed judges.","Yes. So OK. So this is the really interesting part of the debate, right?So now what's become clear is the FBI did tell the FISA court that they got this information from a source who was working with a U. S.  political sort of entity that was looking to - that the FBI speculated was looking to discredit a campaign - one - which in this case - the campaign of President Trump. And so now we know what the facts are. So the question is should they had been very clear and say it was the Hillary Clinton campaign that paid for this memo?","That's really the only debate now - was, should they have used the words Hillary Clinton campaign paid for or Democrats paid for it?And so that's a debate. And I think - look. I think that from the context, it will be clear to the FISA court that it was politically motivated, or at least the FBI believed that there was political motivation behind the paying for the dossier or whatever the information that they used the facts from. And so did they have to go that next step?And that's really all the debate is about today. And we're sort of almost - it's like angels dancing on the head of the pin at this point.","(Laughter)."],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The FBI intentionally avoided revealing that the Hillary Clinton campaign paid for the Steele dossier.","questions":"How did the FBI handle the source of the information for the Steele dossier?","answer":"Disclosed"}
{"text":["The federal investigations looming over the Trump administration kicked into high gear this past week, yielding legal consequences for not one but four of his associates. Former campaign Chairman Paul Manafort was convicted on eight counts in federal court while, at virtually the same time, Trump's personal lawyer Michael Cohen pleaded guilty and implicated the president. Add to that news that prosecutors reached immunity deals with two Trump allies - David Pecker, the publisher of the National Enquirer, and Allen Weisselberg, chief financial officer of The Trump Organization. To sort through what all this means, I'm joined by Anne Milgram, a former state and federal prosecutor and former attorney general of New Jersey. Welcome to the program.","Thanks for having me.","And let's talk about that immunity. Prosecutors have worked out deals to get cooperation from at least these two men that we know about. What's the upshot of that?","So the upshot with Pecker, I think, could be enormous for the government in terms of getting evidence about Donald Trump. We understand that he had - he's friends with Trump for 20 years or more and that they've had a long relationship. What I think is one of the most interesting questions here is not just that he's cooperated related to the Cohen piece but also what other evidence he may have. Were there other deals made?Were there other stories that they caught and killed, as they say in the business, where they pay people to not actually publish a story and not have it go public?So that, I think, is particularly interesting."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 0 : Kicked into high gear isn't literal. It's a phrase meaning the investigations started to produce some results and seemed likely to produce more.","questions":"Which phrase isn't literal?","answer":"Literal"}
{"text":["I also asked Precious Shumba if President Mugabe would have to leave Zimbabwe if he loses the election.","If Mugabe loses, it is widely expected he will have to negotiate on almost every facet of his life. So the issue of whether he would stay here in Zimbabwe or elsewhere entirely depends on the new administration probably led by the opposition.","Finally, I asked Precious, who lives in the poor urban heart of the capital city, why he chooses to stay in the country and if he ever questions being a journalist in Zimbabwe where his career is risky and sometimes dangerous.","It would be an act of cowardice if I were to say, I cease to be a journalist. I feel I'm accountable and needs to contribute to public discourse. So I'm not really intimidated or really afraid of what might happen to me."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 3 : A: It would be an act of cowardice if I were to say, I cease to be a journalist. The actual meaning is that the speaker believes it is their duty as a journalist to contribute to public discourse and they are not afraid of the risks that come with their job, and it would be cowardly to give up.","questions":"What is the reason for PersonA's refusal to give up being a journalist?","answer":"Duty"}
{"text":["Well, it is. It starts off in Pumalin Park, which is temperate rain forest - so think of the coast of British Columbia - all the way down into the grassland\/steppe areas toward the tip of the country. It really encompasses almost every ecotone that one would find in the south of the country.","We should note this is now the largest private donation of land to a government ever. You and your husband ran this place as a park for a long time. I've been there. And it is indeed just one of the most beautiful places I've ever been. Why hand it over to the government of Chile?","Well, you know, we grew up within the national parks here in the United States. And there is a sense of, I would even say, ownership by every American who goes through the front gates of Yellowstone or Yosemite, that those are public parks. They belong to everybody. And Chile is no different. We hope that somehow between the creation of national parks, the development of what we call economic development as a consequence of conservation that precious masterpieces of the country will be preserved forever.","Have you gotten guarantees, though, that the government of Chile will run it in a way that's sustainable?There have been concerns about the capacity of the government of Chile to really run these parks in the same way that you've run them."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : This turn does not literally mean that the speaker is asking for an explanation of why the land is being handed over to the government of Chile, but rather implies a more rhetorical question that suggests that the land is so beautiful and valuable that it might seem strange to give it away. The speaker is actually acknowledging the value of the land and asking the interviewee to explain the rationale behind the decision to donate it to the government.","questions":"Which turn implies that the land is so valuable and beautiful that it might seem strange to give it away?","answer":"Acknowledges"}
{"text":["Hi, Lulu. Thank you so much for having me.","It is an absolute pleasure to have you. Let's talk through this. There's already been some diversity in the emoji world. We have different skin tones included in emoji form. But why do you think an afro should be included too?","I think an afro should be included too because there's an entire community of people - black, Afro-Latinx, diasporic. We were just talking about the do for others. It's a lot of people that have hair that grows up, forward and spherically and, you know, defies gravity. And there's been - and there's just been a big dearth and lack of representation of natural hair and Afro hair in the media. And I think the lack of Afro hair in our keyboards is a subtle but constant reminder of that. You know, we're a world that interacts largely in digital spaces. And emoji are this universal language of self-expression and kind of the closest way to, really, inject our personality into our conversations. And the fact that a very large community and culture of people has no reflection of themselves in those conversations is something that I'm trying to change.","Describe the emoji for us."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : It's not a pleasure but the person is just being polite during the interview.","questions":"How did PersonB respond to PersonA's statement about the lack of Afro hair representation in digital spaces and emoji keyboards?","answer":"Pleasure"}
{"text":["OK. So, speaking of the Senate and Senator Obama, he will resign his seat on Sunday. His replacement will be appointed by the governor of Illinois, Rod Blagojevich. Who are the likely candidates, and who's likely to actually be appointed?","Well, the most likely candidate and the person most likely to be appointed is Jesse Jackson Jr. , the congressman from Chicago. But there are a range of candidates, and it's quite interesting because, as you know, the governor is in political hot water himself. His numbers are very low. There's all sorts of talk of investigations and the like.","So, the question is, would he, potentially, maybe appoint somebody who's a close ally in the state legislature?There's the 73-year-old Emil Jones. Then, what about pressure from the Hispanic community?There's Congressman Luis Gutierrez. And there's also talk about Tammy Duckworth - Tammy Duckworth, who runs the Veterans Affairs Department for Illinois, and she is a double amputee and close to Obama. But there are also people who might be potentially opponents for the governor going forward, like the attorney general, Lisa Madigan, or the treasurer. So, there's all these kinds of angles to the game that are very interesting. But it looks at this moment, most likely, that you're going to end up with Jesse Jackson Jr.","OK.  And Juan, what was your best political conversation of this week?"],"speaker":["B","A","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : hot water implies being in trouble and difficult situation, not of a very high temperature liquid ","questions":"Which phrase implies being in trouble and difficult situation, not of a very high temperature liquid?","answer":"Trouble"}
{"text":["Governor Mike Pence endorsed Ted Cruz yesterday in Indianapolis, although he also had kind words for Donald Trump. Mr.  Trump has also been endorsed by perhaps the best-known Hoosier on the planet. Forgive me Cole Porter. We mean Bobby Knight, the legendary Indiana University basketball coach. Coach Knight is celebrated for winning national championships, running an honest program and holding his players to high academic standards. He's also famous for having a titanic, chair-hurling temper. He is not known for political endorsements or being involved in campaigns.","I think that I'm like millions of Americans today that would like to see some things done that take us back to where we want to be, where we can really be proud of America, we have leadership that enables us to do that. I think I'm just one of millions of people. I'm not out there by myself. I just want to see us be the very best that we can possibly be and be thought of worldwide by the very best there is.","What did you hear Donald Trump say that convinced you you wanted to help him?","Well, Donald Trump didn't say anything that convinced me 'cause I went through people and people that were involved and least - involved themselves in the election. I made a little chart. I put together the things that he's done in life. And Donald Trump has created more jobs than all of the other candidates and politicians in the country. That's huge. That's important. That was a big thing for me to put down on my checklist."],"speaker":["B","A","B","A"],"gold_statement":"turn 1 : The speaker believes that America is currently not living up to its potential and wants a leader who can bring the country back to a place of pride and respect on the world stage.","questions":"How does the speaker want America to be viewed worldwide?","answer":"Pride"}
{"text":["Oh, yes, it's 63 as we're speaking now. So that's a 33-degree drop from what it was just a few hours ago last night.","But what's the week been like?","You know, hard for people in a country that's not used to heat and doesn't have much air conditioning. The five hottest summers here since 1500 have been - all been since 2000. So you have - do have more people here asking, if I could put it this way, does a chateau have to fall on your head to see that the earth, France included, is getting hotter?","Yeah (laughter) I know you were in Paris during the 2003 heatwave. And that left 15,000 people dead according to estimates. And it's still considered a marker in French history."],"speaker":["A","B","A","B"],"gold_statement":"turn 2 : Not an actual home falling onto people's head but an obvious, large amount of information becomes understood.","questions":"How does PersonA describe the five hottest summers in France since 1500?","answer":"Hotter"}